bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and burnout among Egyptian house officers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sayed Asmaa , Ahmed Marwa , El Sayed Inas , Soliman Saeed , Ali Karim , Elsherbiney Saged , Shahib Alaaelrahman , Fares Samar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented international health crisis, which has invoked massive consequence on healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and burnout among house officers amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt to assess the effect of this pandemic on their mental health.

Results
A total of 254 house officers were included in this study, and their responses were analyzed. Anxiety, burnout, and depression were reported among 35%, 32%, and 22% of participants, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis found that higher levels of overall worry were associated with anxiety, but not depression or burnout. Having a good personal protective equipment attitude was a significant predictor of both anxiety and burnout. Participants with depression had a higher likelihood of also having a burnout, but a lower likelihood of having anxiety. Overall worry related to the pandemic, depression, and clinical burnout status were all significantly associated with anxiety.

Conclusions
The study found that anxiety, depression, and burnout are highly prevalent among house officers, who are newly graduated medical professionals. These findings suggest the need for specific programs to address the wellbeing of these individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A systematic review of dissemination and implementation science capacity building programs around the globe
Authors: Viglione Clare , Stadnick Nicole A. , Birenbaum Beth , Fang Olivia , Cakici Julie A. , Aarons Gregory A. , Brookman-Frazee Lauren , Rabin Borsika A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch centers and programs focused on dissemination and implementation science (DIS) training, mentorship, and capacity building have proliferated in recent years. There has yet to be a comprehensive inventory of DIS capacity building program (CBP) cataloging information about activities, infrastructure, and priorities as well as opportunities for shared resources, collaboration, and growth. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide the first inventory of DIS CBPs and describe their key features and offerings.MethodsWe defined DIS CBPs as organizations or groups with an explicit focus on building practical knowledge and skills to conduct DIS for health promotion. CBPs were included if they had at least one capacity building activity other than educational coursework or training alone. A multi-method strategy was used to identify DIS CBPs. Data about the characteristics of DIS CBPs were abstracted from each program’s website. In addition, a survey instrument was developed and fielded to gather in-depth information about the structure, activities, and resources of each CBP.ResultsIn total, 165 DIS CBPs met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final CBP inventory. Of these, 68% are affiliated with a United States (US) institution and 32% are internationally based. There was one CBP identified in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Of the US-affiliated CBPs, 55% are embedded within a Clinical and Translational Science Award program. Eighty-seven CBPs (53%) responded to a follow-up survey. Of those who completed a survey, the majority used multiple DIS capacity building activities with the most popular being Training and Education (n=69, 79%) followed by Mentorship (n=58, 67%), provision of DIS Resources and Tools (n=57, 66%), Consultation (n=58, 67%), Professional Networking (n=54, 62%), Technical Assistance (n=46, 52%), and Grant Development Support (n=45, 52%).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to catalog DIS programs and synthesize learnings into a set of priorities and sustainment strategies to support DIS capacity building efforts. There is a need for formal certification, accessible options for learners in LMICs, opportunities for practitioners, and opportunities for mid/later stage researchers. Similarly, harmonized measures of reporting and evaluation would facilitate targeted cross-program comparison and collaboration.
Cumulative advantage is a double-edge sword for cooperation
Authors: Hu Kaipeng , Shi Lei , Tao Yewei , Perc Matjaž 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Matthew effect emphasizes the influence of early advantage on shaping long-term development by amplifying it over time, and its implications for public cooperation are yet to be fully understood. In this letter, we propose and study a spatial public goods game driven by cumulative advantage, where players who achieve high payoffs in a given round receive greater allocations in the next. The simulation results show that the Matthew effect leads to an irreversible polarization of individual wealth on the network. Such polarization makes moderate cooperation levels more prevalent, which helps to explain the widespread coexistence of prosocial and antisocial behavior. Meanwhile, heterogeneous networks may restrict the polarization of wealth, but also inhibit the evolution of cooperation, requiring a reconsideration of the commonly held view that heterogeneous networks enhance cooperation.
Factors Predicting Long-term Outcome and the Need for Surgery in Graves Orbitopathy: Extended Follow-up From the CIRTED Trial
Authors: Taylor Peter , Rajendram Rathie , Hanna Stephanie , Wilson Victoria , Pell Julie , Li Chunhei , Cook Anne , Gattamaneni Rao , Plowman Nicholas , Jackson Sue , Hills Robert , French Robert , Uddin Jimmy M , Lee Richard W J , Dayan Colin M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Graves orbitopathy is both disabling and disfiguring. Medical therapies to reduce inflammation are widely used, but there is limited trial data beyond 18 months of follow-up.

Methods
Three-year follow-up of a subset of the CIRTED trial (N = 68), which randomized patients to receive high-dose oral steroid with azathioprine/placebo and radiotherapy/sham radiotherapy.

Results
Data were available at 3 years from 68 of 126 randomized subjects (54%). No additional benefit was seen at 3 years for patients randomized to azathioprine or radiotherapy with regard to a binary clinical composite outcome measure (BCCOM), modified European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy score, or Ophthalmopathy Index.
Clinical Activity Score (CAS), Ophthalmopathy Index, and Total Eye Score improved over 3 years (P &lt; .001). However, quality of life at 3 years remained poor. Of 64 individuals with available surgical outcome data, 24 of 64 (37.5%) required surgical intervention. Disease duration of greater than 6 months before treatment was associated with increased need for surgery [odds ratio (OR) 16.8; 95% CI 2.95, 95.0; P = .001]. Higher baseline levels of CAS, Ophthalmopathy Index, and Total Eye Score but not early improvement in CAS were associated with increased requirement for surgery.

Conclusion
In this long-term follow-up from a clinical trial, 3-year outcomes remained suboptimal with ongoing poor quality of life and high numbers requiring surgery. Importantly, reduction in CAS in the first year, a commonly used surrogate outcome measure, was not associated with improved long-term outcomes.
Post-injury born oligodendrocytes incorporate into the glial scar and contribute to the inhibition of axon regeneration
Authors: Xing Jian , Lukomska Agnieszka , Rheaume Bruce A. , Kim Juhwan , Sajid Muhammad S. , Damania Ashiti , Trakhtenberg Ephraim F. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Failure of central nervous system projection neurons to spontaneously regenerate long-distance axons underlies irreversibility of white matter pathologies. A barrier to axonal regenerative research is that the axons regenerating in response to experimental treatments stall growth before reaching post-synaptic targets. Here, we test the hypothesis that the interaction of regenerating axons with live oligodendrocytes, which were absent during developmental axon growth, contributes to stalling axonal growth. To test this hypothesis, first, we used single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and immunohistology to investigate whether post-injury born oligodendrocytes incorporate into the glial scar after optic nerve injury. Then, we administered demyelination-inducing cuprizone and stimulated axon regeneration by Pten knockdown (KD) after optic nerve crush. We found that post-injury born oligodendrocyte lineage cells incorporate into the glial scar, where they are susceptible to the demyelination diet, which reduced their presence in the glial scar. We further found that the demyelination diet enhanced Pten KD-stimulated axon regeneration and that localized cuprizone injection promoted axon regeneration. We also present a resource for comparing the gene expression of scRNA-seq-profiled normal and injured optic nerve oligodendrocyte lineage cells.
Kształcenie nauczycieli geografii w Polsce w latach 2000–2022. Przyczyny i skutki kryzysu, propozycje rozwiązań
Authors: Szkurłat Elżbieta , Hibszer Adam , Piotrowska Iwona , Sadoń-Osowiecka Teresa 
Published: March 2023

Przedmiotem badań jest kształcenie kandydatów do zawodu nauczyciela geografii w Polsce. Główną przesłanką ich podjęcia były obserwowane zagrożenia jakości edukacji geograficznej w kontekście zmniejszającej się liczby kształconych nauczycieli geografii na uniwersytetach, obserwowanej niskiej jakości przygotowania nauczycieli w formie studiów podyplomowych, organizowanych przez instytucje pozauniwersyteckie, systematycznego zmniejszania liczby etatów dydaktyków geografii oraz likwidacji jednostek zajmujących się prowadzeniem badań i kształceniem przyszłych nauczycieli na uczelniach. Celem badań było nie tylko szczegółowe – ilościowe i jakościowe – zdiagnozowanie wymienionych problemów, ale przede wszystkim rozpoznanie przyczyn i skutków zauważonych tendencji zmian oraz zaproponowanie skutecznych rozwiązań i sposobów naprawy. Do zebrania informacji posłużono się metodą ankietową, wywiadów pogłębionych oraz analizy dokumentów źródłowych. Badaniami objęto 11 ośrodków uniwersyteckich, które w latach 2000–2022 na studiach geograficznych prowadziły przygotowanie kandydatów do pracy w zawodzie nauczyciela. Wyniki pozwalają dostrzec głęboki ilościowy i jakościowy kryzys w kształceniu nauczycieli geografii oraz towarzyszące temu drastyczne zmiany kadry akademickiej przygotowanej do tego kształcenia. W końcowych rekomendacjach autorzy zaproponowali rozwiązania dostrzeżonych problemów.
Postrzeganie edukacji geograficznej i jej społecznej roli w Polsce
Authors: Szkurłat Elżbieta , Adamczewska Maria , Dzięcioł-Kurczoba Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Głównym problemem badawczym było rozpoznanie, jak postrzegana jest w polskim społeczeństwie edukacja geograficzna na różnych etapach kształcenia. Nadrzędnym celem tych badań była próba rozpoznania, jaka rola i miejsce przypisywane są edukacji geograficznej w wykształceniu polskiego społeczeństwa, jakie zadania ona spełnia, jak wykorzystywane są walory edukacyjne geografii, jak jest postrzegana i oceniana jakość geograficznego kształcenia w Polsce na etapie szkolnym i akademickim. Ważnym założeniem było zastosowanie metod ilościowych oraz jakościowych. Badania ilościowe zostały przeprowadzone techniką CAWI na grupie 1000 osób, przedstawicieli polskiego społeczeństwa, oraz wśród 102 geografów – pracowników uczelni. Uzupełniono je badaniami jakościowymi techniką zogniskowanego wywiadu grupowego (Focus Group Interview – FGI). Badania wykazały, że geografia postrzegana jest jako przedmiot szkolny interesujący i lubiany. Jednak głównie kojarzona jest z umiejętnościami orientacji w terenie i posługiwaniem się mapą. Wyróżnia się wysoką wybieralnością na egzaminie maturalnym, ale równocześnie małym zainteresowaniem jako kierunek studiów. W ocenie społecznej roli i rangi edukacji geograficznej duże znaczenie mają negatywne opinie i stereotypy kształtowane przez wiele dziesięcioleci: nadal postrzegana jest jako wiedza opisowa, w znacznie mniejszym wymiarze wyjaśniająca i praktyczna. Głęboka specjalizacja w geografii jako nauce ma swoje odzwierciedlenie w programach kształcenia studentów, co przynosi negatywne skutki w strukturze ich wiedzy, znacząco ograniczając pełnienie jej syntetyzującej roli. Nie sprzyja to również szkolnej edukacji geograficznej. Społeczna rola edukacji geograficznej łączy się nierozerwalnie z pozycją geografii jako nauki. Im silniejsza geografia jako nauka, tym większe szanse na istotną rolę edukacyjną geografii szkolnej i odwrotnie. Istnieje wyraźna potrzeba wspólnoty geografów nie tylko na poziomie dyscyplin i subdyscyplin, ale również wspólnej troski o rozwój i wysoką jakość szkolnej i akademickiej edukacji geograficznej.
Partycypacja uczniowska w kształtowaniu przestrzeni miejskiej na przykładzie szkolnych doświadczeń projektowych
Authors: Wites Tomasz 
Published: March 2023

Określenie działań możliwych do realizacji w ramach partycypacji uczniowskiej stanowi jedno z wyzwań współczesnej edukacji. Problemem badawczym pracy jest wskazanie działań w przestrzeni miejskiej w ramach partycypacji uczniowskiej, wypracowanych w szkole oraz poza jej murami. Celem opracowania jest określenie znaczenia partycypacji uczniowskiej na przykładzie kształtowania przestrzeni miejskiej poprzez zaangażowanie uczniów w inicjatywy o dużym znaczeniu społecznym, podejmowane w wyniku doświadczeń projektu Zrozumieć znane, dostrzec nieznane. Jak geografia tłumaczy świat? Dodatkowym celem jest podanie przykładów implementacji utylitarnych rozwiązań opracowanych przez młodzież szkolną w ramach partycypacji uczniowskiej, oddziałujących na poziom administracyjny w perspektywie lokalnej i krajowej. W teoretycznej części pracy wykorzystano metodę analizy literatury przedmiotu, a w części empirycznej, prezentującej praktyczne przykłady włączania się szkół w inicjatywy realizujące zasady partycypacji uczniowskiej, zastosowano metody badań terenowych, obserwacji uczestniczącej i prezentacji.
Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography in the evaluation of diminished ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure
Authors: Chen Qian , Sun Lu , Huang Jian , Huang Fan , Guo Shuang , Chai Yiqing 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To explore the applicability of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS) in the evaluation of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian failure (POF).
Methods: One hundred and twenty female patients, who received 3D-TVS in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2022, were included in the study. Based on sex hormone examination, 25 cases were DOR (DOR-group), 32 cases were POF (POF-group) and 63 cases had normal ovarian function (Normal-group). The 3D-TVS quantitative examination results of the three groups of patients were analyzed and compared.
Results: There was no significant difference between the DOR-group and POF-group regarding antral follicles count (AFC), ovarian volume (OV), vascularization index (VI), vascularization flow index (VFI) and flow index (FI) of left and right ovaries (p>0.05). Compared with the Normal-group, the 3D-TVS examination indexes of the DOR-group and POF-group were significantly lower, and the 3D-TVS examination results of the POF-group were significantly lower than those of the DOR-group (p<0.05). Using sex hormone examination as the gold standard, the diagnostic specificity of 3D-TVS for DOR was 80%, and the sensitivity and accuracy were 90% and 88% respectively; The diagnostic specificity of POF was 87.5%, the sensitivity and accuracy were 95.8% and 93.8% respectively.
Conclusion: 3D-TVS can provide scientific guidance for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of DOR and POF.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7372
How to cite this: Chen Q, Sun L, Huang J, Huang F, Guo S, Chai Y. Three-imensional transvaginal ultrasonography in the evaluation of diminished ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):747-751. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.7372
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Barriers to the utilization of wellness days in graduate medical education
Authors: Kinzler Wendy L. , Mooney Melissa , Ding Helen , Scalice Kara , Filangieri Carole , Akerman Meredith , Rekawek Patricia 
Published: March 2023

Background: Personal well-being is an important component of a resilient physician and can reduce the risk of burnout. To address this, our institution implemented a wellness-day policy to promote self-care. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency in which house staff (HS) use wellness days and to identify barriers to their utilization. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to all HS at a single sponsoring institution through a secure online survey platform in 2019-2021. Those that took one or both of the wellness days were compared with those that took none using Chi-square. Comparisons across years were made using Cochran-Armitage Trend test, with a P value <0.05 denoting statistical significance. Results: There were 386/878 responses, representing a 44% response rate. Only 31% of HS took both wellness days and 50% took none. Reasons for not taking a wellness day included not wanting to burden the program, having no need for them and being discouraged by the program. HS that took one or both days were more likely to identify as female (60% vs 45%, p=0.007) but not more likely to be married or have children. Interns were less likely (38% vs 51%; p=0.04) and fellows were more likely (61% vs 47%; p=0.03) to take a wellness day. Conclusions: The utilization of wellness days is variable. Increased utilization can serve to normalize their use and minimize the burden felt by house staff. Education at orientation and leadership buy-in is essential to policy success.
Design and analysis of a weakly coupled few-mode hollow-core U-shaped tube nested antiresonant fiber
Authors: Ou Jie , Li Jianping , Zheng Weiqin , Qin Yuwen , Lin Ning , Xu Ou , Huang Quandong , Peng Di , Xiang Meng , Xu Yi , Fu Songnian 
Published: March 2023

In this work, we proposed a weakly coupled few-mode hollow-core U-shaped tube nested antiresonant fiber (FM-UARF) for the potential large-capacity mode-division multiplexing transmission without multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) digital signal processing. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the six-tube FM-UARF can be a good candidate for two-mode and three-mode transmission with better performance. After parameter optimization, the weakly coupled condition of effective refractive index difference (Δneff) larger than 5×10−4 can be achieved. Under the two-mode case, the confinement loss (CL) of the LP01 and LP11 modes is less than 0.005 dB/km and 0.1 dB/km in the 700 nm bandwidth range (0.9−1.6µm), respectively. In addition, LP01 achieves the lowest CL of 0.00038 dB/km at a wavelength of 1.06 µm, which gives it potential applications in high-power laser transmission. Under the three-mode case, the CL of the LP01, LP11, and LP21 modes are less than 0.006 dB/km, 0.1 dB/km, and 10 dB/km, respectively, in the wavelength range of 0.95 to 1.65 µm. Both the CL ratios are larger than 150 (23 dB), which ensures the high purity of the supported fiber modes. The results show that the proposed FM-UARF with optimized parameters has the potential in the MIMO-less large-capacity data transmission and so on.
Sporotrichosis in the nasal mucosa: A single-center retrospective study of 37 cases from 1998 to 2020
Authors: Izoton Carlos Felipe Gomes , de Brito Sousa Antonio Xavier , Valete Cláudia Maria , Schubach Armando de Oliveira , Procópio-Azevedo Anna Carolina , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria , de Macedo Priscila Marques , Gutierrez-Galhardo Maria Clara , Castro-Alves Julio , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo , Martins Ana Cristina da Costa , Freitas Dayvison Francis Saraiva 
Published: March 2023

Background
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous or implantation mycosis caused by some species of the genus Sporothrix. Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, experiences hyperendemic levels of zoonotic sporotrichosis, with increasing cases of disseminated disease, especially in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Involvement of the nasal mucosa is rare and occurs isolated or in disseminated cases, with a delayed resolution.

Methodology/Principal findings
This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profiles of 37 cases of sporotrichosis with involvement of the nasal mucosa treated at the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) outpatient clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, from 1998 to 2020. Data were reviewed from the medical records and stored in a database. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the means of quantitative variables, and Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to verify the association between qualitative variables (p<0.05). Most patients were males, students or retirees, with a median age of 38 years, residents in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and infected through zoonotic transmission. Disseminated sporotrichosis forms in patients with comorbidities (mostly PLHIV) were more common than the isolated involvement of the mucosa. The main characteristics of lesions in the nasal mucosa were the presence/elimination of crusts, involvement of various structures, mixed appearance, and severe intensity. Due to therapeutic difficulty, itraconazole was combined with amphotericin B and/or terbinafine in most cases. Of the 37 patients, 24 (64.9%) healed, with a median of 61 weeks of treatment, 9 lost follow-up, 2 were still treating and 2 died.

Conclusions
Immunosuppression was determinant to the outcome, with worse prognosis and lower probability of cure. Notably in this group, the systematization of the ENT examination for early identification of lesions is recommended to optimize the treatment and outcome of the disease.