bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Physicochemical, Microbial Quality, and Consumer’s Perceptions Regarding Packaged Milk Available in the Local Markets of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Amin Rafat , Tauseef Haadia , Aziz Arooba , Khan Sadaf , Fatima Tehseen , Waseem Hira Fatima 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Milk, an essential part of diet is comprised of all indispensable nutrients.
However, it proves to be beneficial only if it is available in its pure form.

Objective:
The current study aimed to evaluate packaged milk samples collected from local markets
of Karachi and to assess level of consumer awareness about health risks associated with substandard
milk consumption.

Methods:
Package milk samples were assessed collectively for physical parameters, and microbial
load. Seventeen colour-based chemical tests were also conducted to detect different dyes, preservatives,
and other added chemicals as adulterants in milk. A household-based community survey was
conducted to evaluate consumer’s preferences regarding packaged milk consumption.

Results:
97% of tested milk samples were observed to have added solids and water in them. Chemical
adulterants in tetra packaged milk were detected in order of Glucose > cane sugar, Vegetable fat
> Formalin, >Artificial colour > Neutralizer > Detergent >Urea, Annatto dye > starch. For the
household-based survey, a total of 266 respondents were interviewed. Although 61.7% of respondents
preferred pasteurized milk, potential customer satisfaction with the quality of pasteurized milk
was 74.4%. Multivariate analysis showed that customer satisfaction regarding pasteurized milk was
significantly associated with the preference of customer [Odds Ratio (OR)=4.18, p=0.004], buying
factors like price, offers, and discounts (OR=6.92, p=0.014), quality and availability (OR=4.81,
p=0.003), and experienced negative health effects (OR=0.26, p=0.002).

Conclusion:
The study concluded that more than 70% of the packaged milk samples were adulterated
with detergents, artificial flavors and glucose which signify the compromised quality of the packaged
milk and their products. Strict regular quality checks should be established and closely monitored
by regulatory authorities and the government.
Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on the Cognitive Impairments in Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Mantasha Idrisi , Shahid Mohd , Jyoti Smita , Rahul  , Varshney Himanshi 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD patients exhibit the loss of cholinergic neurons, leads to low levels of acetylcholine and increased activity of acetylcholinesterase which further reduces the levels of acetylcholine. It has now been established that acetylcholine plays a major role in controlling cognitive functions. A number of drugs have been reported to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, which can improve cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.

Objective:
We have studied the effect of two commonly used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Galantamine and Rivastigmine) on the transgenic Drosophila model of AD.

Methods:
The effect of rivastigmine and galantamine was studied on cognitive parameters (Odour choice index, Open field assay, Courtship index and memory loss). Molecular docking was also performed for rivastigmine (with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase) and galantamine (with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase).

Results:
Both drugs were found to be effective in reducing cognitive defects. However, it was unclear from the data obtained which drug was more effective. The results obtained from the docking studies showed a positive interaction with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase for both drugs.

Conclusion:
Rivastigmine and galantamine are potent in reducing cognitive dysfunction in the transgenic AD flies expressing human Aβ42 in the neurons.
Risk Factors Related to the Death of Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Buffalo Study
Authors: Hanh Doan Le Minh , Hao Phan Thai , Oanh Do Thi Tuong , Tho Nguyen Van 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result in a severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to a worldwide pandemic. Despite the increasing understanding of COVID-19 disease, the mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients remains high.

Objective:
To investigate the risk factors related to the mortality of admitted COVID-19 patients during the peak of the epidemic from August 2021 to October 2021 in Vietnam.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation–Professional diseases. The baseline and demographic data, medical history, clinical examination, the laboratory results were recorded for patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19. A radiologist and a pulmonologist will read the chest radiographs on admission and calculate the Brixia scores to classify the severity of lung abnormalities. Patients were followed up until beingrecovered or their death. Comparison of clinical and subclinical characteristics between recovery and death groups to find out risk factors related to the death of COVID-19 patients

Results:
Among 104 admitted COVID-19 patients, men accounted for 42.3%, average age of 61.7 ± 13.7. The most common symptoms were fever 76.9%, breathlessness 74%, and fatigue 53.8%. The majority (84.6%) of the study population had at least one co-morbidity, including hypertension (53.8%), diabetes (25.9%), gastritis (19.2%), ischemic heart disease (15.4) %), stroke (9.6%) and osteoarthritis (9.6%). The rate of mild and moderate COVID-19 is 13.4%, severe 32.7%, and critical 40.4%. There are 88 inpatients (84.6%) who needed respiratory support. The median hospital stay was 13 days (IQR 10-17.75 days). The rate of intubated patients with mechanical ventilation was 31.7%. The overall mortality rate was 29.8%. Risk factors related to death included Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% (BUFFALO).

Conclusion:
The main result of the study is the independent risk factors related to the death of admitted COVID-19 patients including Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% ((BUFFALO) which suggests that these COVID-19 patients should be closely followed up.
Assessment of Fibre Characteristics and Suitability of Sida acuta Burm F. for Pulp and Paper Production
Authors: O Ajala Olayiwola , Adebawo Funke G , Adegoke Olaoluwa A. , Amoo-Onidundu Oladele 
Published: January 2025

The ever-increasing demand for paper and paper products and alarming rate of global population growth necessitates research into non-wood fibre to augment the popular wood fibres in short supply. Sida acuta obtained at two locations, samples collected from 3 areas per location. Samples of dimension 10 x 10 x 20 mm macerated in equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide at 80oC in an oven. Twenty-five whole fibres in swollen condition were measured. Derivatives of fibre dimensions viz: Runkel ratio, flexibility and slenderness were also evaluated. Pooled mean fibre length was 1.04mm, pooled fibre diameter was 25.02μm, pooled fibre lumen width was 14.69μm and fibre cell wall thickness was 5.17μm. Runkel ratio was 0.73, coefficient of suppleness (flexibility) was 60.05 while felting power (slenderness) was 42. Values obtained connote that S. acuta’s fibre morphology is good for pulping much more that its Runkel ratio (0.73) is less than 1, coefficient of suppleness (60.05) is greater than 50 and its felting power (42) is greater than 33. Specific Gravity ranged from 0.416–0.468. With reference to the above, S. acuta is fairly suitable for pulp and paper making.
DETERMINATION OF TANNIN CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L.
Authors: Rahmawati  , Baits Muzakkir , Naid Tadjuddin , Azmi Nurul , Rumata Raudhia Wulandari 
Published: January 2025

Aims and objectives: To ascertain the antibacterial capability using TLC-bioautography and the tannin content using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method in the ethanol extract of kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaves.
Methods: Tannins quantitatively utilizing the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique using the folin ciocalteu reagent at a wavelength of up to 687 nm. Antibacterial potential against gastrointestinal infection-causing bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysentriae) is assessed using TLC-bioautography technique.
Results: The tannin content of the ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) is 41.9064±0.26 mgTAE/g extract. Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, and Vibrio cholerae, respectively, create inhibitory zones in the antibacterial potential test that yields 7, 8, 8, and 7 stains. Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins are believed to be among the chemicals found in the TLC results obtained with stain spraying reagents 1, 3, 5, and 4, respectively.
Conclusions: The average tannin concentration of the ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) is 41.9064±0.26 mgTAE/g extract, and it has antibacterial properties against germs that cause gastrointestinal illnesses.

Peer Review History:
Received 22 September 2024; Reviewed 3 November; Accepted 15 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Realizing Post-Disaster Sakinah Families: Analysis of the Resilience of Semeru Eruption Survivors' Families at the Relocation Site from the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Perspective
Authors: Rosyadi Imron , Shofi Muhammad Aminuddin , Ningsih Erlin Indaya , Sabri Fahruddin Ali 
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to analyze the resilience of families of Semeru eruption survivors after being relocated to new housing from a Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah perspective, referring to the parameters in the Regulation of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, there are four indicators to measure family resilience, namely: physical, economic, social psychological, and socio-cultural. This research includes field studies with a qualitative approach, collecting data using interview techniques, observation and documentation. Content analysis is used as a data analysis technique, with triangulation of data sources as a technique for checking data validity. The research findings show: sequentially the economic aspects felt most affected by the survivors of the Semeru eruption after relocation, loss of assets and difficulty in finding new livelihoods were the causes, in second place the psychological aspect was due to the trauma felt, in third place the socio-cultural aspect was due to having to adapt in a neighborhood with completely new neighbors, and finally the physical aspect due to the lack of health services in the new residence. The efforts made are looking for a new job, strengthening the closeness between family members, strengthening solidarity and solidity between families in a new environment, and strengthening the spiritual aspects of the family. From a Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah perspective, the condition of survivors' families is not yet ideal, because these families are still classified as vulnerable in terms of economic aspects and the realization of the values of sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah. Referring to the provisions in Law no. 52 of 2009 and Law no. No. 24 of 2007, building the resilience of families of Semeru eruption survivors cannot be placed solely on the family, it needs real support from the government, professionals, academics and civil society, to make this happen.
Community, Family and Animal Conservation Sustainability in the Perspective of Normative Law and Maqasid Sharia
Authors: Syaikhu Syaikhu , Pelu Ibnu Elmi A.S. , Badarulzaman Muhammad Hafiz , Ihsan Reza Noor , Patrajaya Rafik 
Published: January 2025

Animal conservation aims to preserve and breed animals to achieve the benefits of a sustainable natural ecosystemincluding community and family. One of the efforts made by the government to provide information and knowledge to the public in an attempt to minimize wildlife hunting is through the legal protection of animals, as stated in Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Resources and Their Ecosystems, and Government Regulation Number 13 of 1994 concerning the Hunting of Game Animals. The research method used is juridical-normative with a legislative and socio-legal approach. Then, it is linked to the policy of animal conservation, which is examined from the Maqasid Shariah perspective. The research results provided recommendations to the government in creating legislation or decision policies oriented to animals that are not yet rare. These recommendations include educating the public about rare and non-rare animal species, setting educational targets, supporting conservation efforts, and establishing animal breeding programs. Furthermore, from the perspective of Maqasid Sharia, the conservation of these animals falls under the category of daruriyah, which means that the preservation and protection of wildlife are essential for the sustainability and keeping of the Hifz al-Mal element (natural ecosystem wealth).
Mappatammaq Mangaji in Mandar, West Sulawesi: Childrearing Patterns Based on the Qur'an in the Anthropological Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Nurdin Abidin , Baharuddin Elviana , Sumardi Dedy , L Idrus , Mutiawati Ida 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to discuss the Mappammaq Mangaji tradition in Mandar, West Sulawesi in relation to al-Quran-based child rearing patterns from an Islamic legal anthropological perspective. Mappatammaq mangaji is a tradition carried out by the community when someone is able to read the Koran fluently. This study is an empirical legal study with an anthropological approach to Islamic law as an analytical tool. Data was collected based on in-depth interviews and literature studies. This study concludes that the mappatamaq mangaji tradition carried out by the Mandar community in West Sulawesi is an acculturation of Islamic teachings and cultural values. Mappatammaq mangaji, including sayyeang pattuqduq (dancing horse), kalindaqdaq(Mandar poetry) and mabbaranji. When viewed from a legal anthropology perspective, the mappammaq mangaji tradition in Mandar society is an integration and acculturation between Islamic law and local traditions. This local tradition has become a living law and continues to be practiced in the culture of the Mandar people. So it can be said that if Islamic law is practiced in society and has become a culture, it will continue to survive today and in the future, because Islamic law has a cultural space. If it is related to the objectives of Islamic law, especially benefit, then this provides benefits, especially in the context of child rearing patterns based on the Qur’an, so that children receive care and education from parents and families based on the values of the Qur’an.
The Return of Doi Menre' Ba‘da Duhul in Bugis Marriage Law, South Konawe: Islamic Education and Sociology of Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Mansur Mansur , Ihsan Muh. , Diab Ashadi L. , Nurfaidah Sitti , Darlis Syamsul 
Published: January 2025

Doi Menre' (gift money) can be returned after the divorce takes place even though husband and wife relations have previously occurred (ba‘da duhul). This research examines the practice of returning doi menre' (gifted money) ba‘da duhul, the social dynamics that influence it, as well as sociology of Islamic Law and Islamic Education perspectives regarding the practice of returning doi menre' (gifted money) ba‘da duhul for the Bugis community in South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. This qualitative research employs a socio-empirical approach, including interviews with those who have returned doi menre' (gifted money) ba‘da duhul's, traditional leaders, community leaders, and religious leaders. The results of the research revealed that the return of doi menre' ba‘da duhul's was practiced in two stages, namely the pre-wedding verbal agreement stage and the stage of returning the doi menre' (gifted money). Three social dynamics influence the return of doi menre' ba‘da duhul's, namely; there was an oral agreement before the marriage took place, no solution was found to the marriage problems, and following the habits of some Bugis people in resolving divorce cases. Islamic education in the tradition of returning doi menre' ba‘da duhul in Bugis marriage law plays a foundation in forming principled, moral, fair in building a household, and contribute positively to social life. Sociological studies of Islamic law view that the practice of returning doi menre' (gifted money) is a managed system in the actions of the Bugis community which combines customary law and Islamic law in resolving divorce cases. In the end, research can participate in developing an assessment of the struggle between customary law and Islamic law in resolving marriage cases in Islamic communities.
Advancing specialty crop management: a review of recent developments in robotics, remote sensing, and machine learning systems
Authors: Cui Xiurui , Guan Zhengfei , Farnsworth Derek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Specialty crop production is labor-intensive. Rising labor costs and uncertainty regarding labor availability are threatening the financial viability of many agricultural producers in the United States. In response, stakeholders are searching for alternatives to labor-intensive production systems, thus driving technological innovation. This article aims to review current technological developments at the forefront of specialty crop production. We specifically review recent literature in the past decade to highlight trends in technology advancement based on the category and functionality of the technology and discuss the economic impact and limitations of these technologies.
Pengaruh Edukasi Buku Saku Gizi Seimbang terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Balita Stunting Usia 6-23
Authors: Laraeni Yuli , Adiyasa I Nyoman , Darni Joyeti , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: January 2025

Stunting adalah kegagalan pertumbuhan akibat kekurangan gizi jangka panjang sejak dalam kandungan sampai bayi lahir. Masa balita merupakan suatu periode penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak karena masa balita yang akan menentukan perkembangan anak di masa selanjutnya. Ketepatan pemberian makan pada balita dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi karena ibu sebagai tombak dalam penyedia makanan untuk keluarga. Desain Penelitian menggunakan Desain Quasi Exsperimental Pretest Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan total 36 sampel yang diberikan edukasi selama 3 minggu. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan uji mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 30 poin, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol hanya meningkat 5,09 poin. Pada kelompok perlakuan pengaruh edukasi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dengan hasil nilai p = 0,000 < α = 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol nilai p = 0,102 > α = 0,05, sehingga H0 diterima. Pengaruh edukasi gizi seimbang dengan media buku saku terhadap sikap pada kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai yang dihasilkan p = 0,000 < α = 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak, sedangkan kelompok kontrol nilai p = 0,775 > α = 0,05, sehingga H0 diterima. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan edukasi gizi seimbang dengan media buku saku terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tanpa pemberian edukasi buku saku gizi seimbang tidak ada pengaruh edukasi gizi seimbang dengan media buku saku terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap. Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh edukasi gizi seimbang dengan media buku saku terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol.
Analisis Vitamin A dan Vitamin C pada Minuman Jelly Sari Daun Pepaya (Sadaya) di Daerah Endemis Malaria
Authors: Aulia Fitria Lintang , Lusiana Sanya Anda , Kristanto Budi , Ngardita I Rai , Sumardi Ratih Nurani 
Published: January 2025

Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang terjadi akibat parasite Plasmodium melalui gigitan Anopheles betina. Terdapat sepuluh kabupaten/kota dengan jumlah kasus malaria tertinggi se-provinsi Papua salah satunya yaitu, Kota Jayapura sebanyak 74,234 kasus. Telah ditemukan 1854 tanaman dari 196 famili dan 1012 genera telah digunakan untuk malaria secara global. Dalam jumlah tersebut, daun papaya merupakan salah satu tanaman obat malaria yang banyak digunakan. Di Indonesia sangat mudah untuk menemukan daun pepaya. Daun pepaya biasanya diolah menjadi sayur dan obat herbal. Kandungan kimia dari daun papaya diantaranya adalah alkaloid yang menyebabkan rasa pahit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya terima dan nilai gizi terhadap pembuatan minuman jelly sari daun pepaya untuk penderita penyakit malaria. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah One-Shot Case Study yaitu dimana dalam desain penelitian ini terdapat suatu kelompok diberi treatment (perlakuan) dan selanjutnya diobservasi hasilnya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap produk minuman jelly (warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur) dari 30 panelis agak terlatih. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan terbaik secara organoleptik diperoleh dari formula 3 dengan presentase daun pepaya 80 gr dengan karagenan 1,5 gr. Daya terima pada 30 panelis tidak terlatih menunjukan bahwa produk minuman jelly sadaya masih dapat diterima oleh konsumen. Kandungan vitamin C pada formula 2 terbaik minuman jelly sebesar 82.70 mg/L. Vitamin A yang terkandung dalam minuman jelly pada formula 3 terbaik yaitu sebesar 7.46 mg.
Development of Interactive E-Modules in Science Learning Courses for Early Childhood: Training Students’ 21st Century Skills
Authors: Handayani Peny Husna , Eza Gita Noveri , Sari Winda Widya 
Published: January 2025

Today's learning certainly needs to keep up with the times where the demands of the times are not only knowledge, but also 21st century life skills, which include the ability to think critically, creativity, cooperation and communication. The aim of this research is to produce an interactive e -module in the Science Learning for Early Childhood course as an interactive learning medium and resource to help train and improve students' 21st century skills. This research is ADDIE development research which consists of five steps, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The sample in this study was 150 students taking Science Learning courses for early childhood. This e-module was validated by four experts then analyzed using the Aiken formula, and showed a validity value of 0.844 in the high validity category. Next, an independent sample t-test was conducted to see the difference in treatment of 21st century skills from the sample The results show that there is a difference significant difference between students who use interactive e-modules and those who do not use them, with a sig value (0.000) < α (0.05). This indicate that the development of this interactive e -module is effective for training students' 21st century skills, which consist of critical thinking, creativity, cooperation and communication skill. This interactive e-module for early childhood science learning can help student develop their 21st century skills. Keywords: interactive e-modul, 21st century skills (4C), science learning, early childhood, students