bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricted language access during childhood affects adult brain structure in selective language regions
Authors: Cheng Qi , Roth Austin , Halgren Eric , Klein Denise , Chen Jen-Kai , Mayberry Rachel I. 
Published: February 2023

Due to the ubiquitous nature of language in the environment of infants, how it affects the anatomical structure of the brain language system over the lifespan is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of early language experience on the adult brain by examining anatomical features of individuals born deaf with typical or restricted language experience in early childhood. Twenty-two deaf adults whose primary language was American Sign Language and were first immersed in it at ages ranging from birth to 14 y participated. The control group was 21 hearing non-signers. We acquired T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and used FreeSurfer [B. Fischl,
Neuroimage
62
, 774–781(2012)] to reconstruct the brain surface. Using an a priori regions of interest (ROI) approach, we identified 17 language and 19 somatomotor ROIs in each hemisphere from the Human Connectome Project parcellation map [M. F. Glasser
et al.
,
Nature
536
, 171–178 (2016)]. Restricted language experience in early childhood was associated with negative changes in adjusted grey matter volume and/or cortical thickness in bilateral fronto-temporal regions. No evidence of anatomical differences was observed in any of these regions when deaf signers with infant sign language experience were compared with hearing speakers with infant spoken language experience, showing that the effects of early language experience on the brain language system are supramodal.
Instrumental dialogue and the ethics of expressing solicitude for each other’s existence
Authors: Bencherki Nicolas , Sénac Coline 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDialogue is about forgoing control and possession when interacting with the Other. In comparison, the notion of instrumentality appears contrary to the very notion of dialogue. This paper suggests, however, that mutual instrumentalization is necessary for dialogue to be a space where participants express solicitude for each other and promote each other’s voice, action, and existence. Building on the work of French philosopher Étienne Souriau, we argue that promoting another’s existence requires taking their actions and speech into our own. This enables them to also exist through us as we allow them to instrumentalize us. Such a view better accounts for what goes on in tangible dialogue situations, as we show by revisiting an empirical case. Our proposal extends current research on the conditions of productive dialogue, invites being careful about who or what populates the dialogical scene, and turns our attention to what they may need to pursue their existence.
Wafer acceptance test structures for characterization of thermoelectric materials’ thermal conductivity of thermopile sensors
Authors: Qu Fan , Fu Jianyu , Huang Peng , Lu Yihong , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Dapeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Thermopile sensors have a wide range of applications in consumer and industry. Thermopile is the key component of thermopile sensors, and thermal conductivity is a basic thermal parameter of thermopile. Extracting the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials in thermopile sensors is of great importance. In this work, wafer acceptable test structures that fabricated along with thermopile sensors are presented. They could guarantee the measured materials are identical to those used in thermopile sensors. The test results are consistent with the reported values, and the validity of structures is verified. This method has the advantages of on-line extraction over a wide temperature range, and simultaneous extraction of thermal conductivity of connecting wire.
Advances in radiative capture studies at LUNA with a segmented BGO detector
Authors: Skowronski J , Gesuè R M , Boeltzig A , Ciani G F , Piatti D , Rapagnani D , Aliotta M , Ananna C , Barile F , Bemmerer D , Best A , Broggini C , Bruno C G , Caciolli A , Campostrini M , Cavanna F , Colombetti P , Compagnucci A , Corvisiero P , Csedreki L , Davinson T , Depalo R , Di Leva A , Elekes Z , Ferraro F , Formicola A , Fülöp Zs , Gervino G , Guglielmetti A , Gustavino C , Gyürky Gy , Imbriani G , Junker M , Lugaro M , Marigo P , Masha E , Menegazzo R , Paticchio V , Perrino R , Prati P , Rigato V , Schiavulli L , Sidhu R S , Straniero O , Szücs T , Zavatarelli S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Studies of charged-particle reactions for low-energy nuclear astrophysics require high sensitivity, which can be achieved by means of detection setups with high efficiency and low backgrounds, to obtain precise measurements in the energy region of interest for stellar scenarios. High-efficiency total absorption spectroscopy is an established and powerful tool for studying radiative capture reactions, particularly if combined with the cosmic background reduction by several orders of magnitude obtained at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA). We present recent improvements in the detection setup with the Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) detector at LUNA, aiming to reduce high-energy backgrounds and increase the summing detection efficiency. The new design results in enhanced sensitivity of the BGO setup, as we demonstrate and discuss in the context of the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance (E

x
= 5672 keV) of the 17O(p,γ)18F reaction. Moreover, we show two applications of the BGO detector, which exploit its segmentation. In the case of complex γ-ray cascades, e.g. the de-excitation of E

x
= 5672 keV in 18F, the BGO segmentation allows to identify and suppress the beam-induced background signals that mimic the sum peak of interest. We demonstrate another new application for such a detector in form of in situ activation measurements of a reaction with β
+ unstable product nuclei, e.g. the 14N(p,γ)15O reaction.
Optimal twist angle for a graphene-like bilayer
Authors: Romeo August , Supèr Hans 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The first optimal—or ‘magic’—angle leading to the nullity of the Dirac/Fermi velocity for twisted bilayer graphene is re-evaluated in the Bistritzer–MacDonald set-up (Bistritzer and MacDonald 2011 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
108 12233–7). From the details of that calculation we study the resulting alterations when the properties of the two layers are not exactly the same. A moiré combination of lattices without relative rotation but with different spacing lengths may also lead to a vanishing Dirac velocity. Hopping amplitudes can vary as well, and curvature is one of the possible causes for their change. In the case of small curvature values and situations dominated by hopping energy scales, the optimal angle becomes wider than in the ‘flat’ case.
Nonsinusoidal in situ electric field caused by magnetic deactivator device for EAS labels—assessment of field strength inside a detailed anatomical hand model
Authors: Schneeweiss Pia , Hirtl Rene , Schmid Gernot 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to evaluate the localised magnetic field (MF) exposure of the cashier’s hand due to a particular demagnetization device (deactivator) for single-use labels of an acoustomagnetic (AM) electronic article surveillance (EAS) system, comprehensive measurements of the MF near the surface of the deactivator, and numerical computations of the induced electric field strength E
i, were performed in high-resolution anatomical hand models of different postures and positions with respect to the deactivator. The measurement results for magnetic induction B were assessed with respect to the action levels (AL) for limb exposure, and the computational results for E
i were evaluated with respect to the exposure limit values (ELV) for health effects according to European Union (EU) directive 2013/35/EU. For the ELV-based assessment, a maximum of the 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 averaged E
i (maxE
i,avg) and the respective 99.9th, 99.5th, and 99.0th percentiles were used. As the MF impulse emitted by the deactivator for demagnetization of the AM-EAS labels was highly nonsinusoidal, measurement results were assessed based on the weighted peak method in the time domain (WPM-TD). A newly developed scaling technique was proposed to also apply the WPM-TD to the assessment of the (nonsinusoidal) E
i regarding the ELV. It was used to calculate the resulting WPM-TD-based exposure index (EI) from frequency domain computations. The assessment regarding the AL for limbs yielded peak values of magnetic induction of up to 97 mT (measured with a 3 cm2 MF probe on top of the deactivator surface) corresponding to an EI of 443%. However, this was considered an overestimation of the actual exposure in terms of E
i as the AL were intentionally defined conservatively. A WPM-TD-based assessment of E
i finally led to the worst case EI of up to 135%, 93%, 78%, and 72% when using the maxE
i,avg, 99.9th, 99.5th, and 99.0th percentiles, respectively.
Low-power vibrothermography detection technique for surface cracks on composite sucker rod
Authors: Liu Pengqian , Xu Changhang , Zhang Yubin , Qin Yi , Xu Yinsheng , Xie Jing , Song Gangbing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Composite sucker rods are becoming increasingly popular in oil fields owing to their light weight and corrosion resistance. However, various defects may appear in the manufacturing and service of sucker rods. Unfortunately, research on defect detection is still insufficient for composite sucker rods. This study explores a surface crack detection technique for composite sucker rods based on low-power vibrothermography (LVT). First, an improved low-power piezoceramic actuator with a curved bottom is designed for rod-like structure. Second, the entire processes of LVT-based surface crack detection, including excitation signal generation, mechanical wave propagation, and heat generation at defects, are simulated and analyzed using the finite element method. The heat generation mechanism and characteristic at cracks are revealed by coupled thermo-electro-mechanical analysis. The superiority of the improved actuator is reflected by comparison with the conventional actuator. In addition, the simulation investigates the optimal excitation signal amplitude and circumferential angle between the actuator and the crack. Finally, a series of LVT detection experiments were conducted on a composite sucker rod with surface cracks, which not only proved the effectiveness of the LVT, but also validated the conclusions of the numerical simulations. The maximum temperature rise at the crack is 5.54 °C by using the improved actuator. Numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the surface cracks of the composite sucker rod can be effectively detected using LVT with an improved piezoceramic actuator. This study provides a new direction for extending vibrothermography to the non-destructive testing of composite rod-like structures.
Ferromagnetism and skyrmions in the Hofstadter–Fermi–Hubbard model
Authors: Palm F A , Kurttutan M , Bohrdt A , Schollwöck U , Grusdt F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strongly interacting fermionic systems host a variety of interesting quantum many-body states with exotic excitations. For instance, the interplay of strong interactions and the Pauli exclusion principle can lead to Stoner ferromagnetism, but the fate of this state remains unclear when kinetic terms are added. While in many lattice models the fermions’ dispersion results in delocalization and destabilization of the ferromagnet, flat bands can restore strong interaction effects and ferromagnetic correlations. To reveal this interplay, here we propose to study the Hofstadter–Fermi–Hubbard model using ultracold atoms. We demonstrate, by performing large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations, that this model exhibits a lattice analog of the quantum Hall (QH) ferromagnet at magnetic filling factor ν = 1. We reveal the nature of the low energy spin-singlet states around ν ≈ 1 and find that they host quasi-particles and quasi-holes exhibiting spin-spin correlations reminiscent of skyrmions. Finally, we predict the breakdown of flat-band ferromagnetism at large fields. Our work paves the way towards experimental studies of lattice QH ferromagnetism, including prospects to study many-body states of interacting skyrmions and explore the relation to high-

T

c

superconductivity.
Higgsless simulations of cosmological phase transitions
and gravitational waves
Authors: Jinno Ryusuke , Konstandin Thomas , Rubira Henrique , Stomberg Isak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
First-order cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe source sound waves and,
subsequently, a background of stochastic gravitational waves. Currently, predictions of these
gravitational waves rely heavily on simulations of a Higgs field coupled to the plasma of the
early Universe, the former providing the latent heat of the phase transition. Numerically, this
is a rather demanding task since several length scales enter the dynamics. From smallest to
largest, these are the thickness of the Higgs interface separating the different phases, the shell
thickness of the sound waves, and the average bubble size. In this work, we present an approach to
perform Higgsless simulations in three dimensions, producing fully nonlinear results, while at the
same time removing the hierarchically smallest scale from the lattice. This significantly reduces
the complexity of the problem and contributes to making our approach highly efficient. We provide
spectra for the produced gravitational waves for various choices of wall velocity and strength of
the phase transition, as well as introduce a fitting function for the spectral shape.
The TEMPO Survey. I. Predicting Yields of Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30 days Survey of Orion with the Roman Space Telescope
Authors: Limbach Mary Anne , Soares-Furtado Melinda , Vanderburg Andrew , Best William M. J. , Cody Ann Marie , D’Onghia Elena , Heller René , Hensley Brandon S. , Kounkel Marina , Kraus Adam , Mann Andrew W. , Robberto Massimo , Rosen Anna L. , Townsend Richard , Vos Johanna M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present design considerations for the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion (TEMPO) Survey with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This proposed 30 days survey is designed to detect a population of transiting extrasolar satellites, moons, and planets in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The young (1–3 Myr), densely populated ONC harbors about a thousand bright brown dwarfs (BDs) and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs). TEMPO offers sufficient photometric precision to monitor FFPs with M >1 M
J for transiting satellites. The survey is also capable of detecting FFPs down to sub-Saturn masses via direct imaging, although follow-up confirmation will be challenging. TEMPO yield estimates include 14 (3–22) exomoons/satellites transiting FFPs and 54 (8–100) satellites transiting BDs. Of this population, approximately 50% of companions would be “super-Titans” (Titan to Earth mass). Yield estimates also include approximately 150 exoplanets transiting young Orion stars, of which >50% will orbit mid-to-late M dwarfs. TEMPO would provide the first census demographics of small exosatellites orbiting FFPs and BDs, while simultaneously offering insights into exoplanet evolution at the earliest stages. This detected exosatellite population is likely to be markedly different from the current census of exoplanets with similar masses (e.g., Earth-mass exosatellites that still possess H/He envelopes). Although our yield estimates are highly uncertain, as there are no known exoplanets or exomoons analogous to these satellites, the TEMPO survey would test the prevailing theories of exosatellite formation and evolution, which limit the certainty surrounding detection yields.
Peaking and hollowness of low-Z impurity profiles: an interplay between ITG and TEM induced turbulent transport
Authors: Palade D.I. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The transport of low-Z impurities in fusion plasmas is dominated, in many regimes of interest, by ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron mode (TEM) turbulence. We use a statistical test-particle approach to analyze the effects of these drift instabilities on the transport coefficients. It is found that the convection of

E

×

B

motion by the polarization drift drives an outward radial pinch via ITG and an inward pinch via TEM turbulence. Opposite radial pinches are driven by turbulent motion along magnetic field-lines. The interplay between these effects can explain the co-existence of peaked and hollow impurity density profiles observed in tokamak plasmas. The theoretical framework is validated through comparison with experimental data on the transport of Boron impurities.
Freeze–thaw hydrogel fabrication method: basic principles, synthesis parameters, properties, and biomedical applications
Authors: Waresindo William Xaveriano , Luthfianti Halida Rahmi , Priyanto Aan , Hapidin Dian Ahmad , Edikresnha Dhewa , Aimon Akfiny Hasdi , Suciati Tri , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hydrogel is being broadly studied due to their tremendous properties, such as swelling behavior and biocompatibility. Numerous review articles have discussed hydrogel polymer types, hydrogel synthesis methods, hydrogel properties, and hydrogel applications. Hydrogel can be synthesized by physical and chemical cross-linking methods. One type of the physical cross-linking method is freeze-thaw (F–T), which works based on the crystallization process of the precursor solution to form a physical cross-link. To date, there has been no review paper which discusses the F–T technique specifically and comprehensively. Most of the previous review articles that exposed the hydrogel synthesis method usually mentioned the F–T process as a small part of the physical cross-linking method. This review attempts to discuss the F–T hydrogel specifically and comprehensively. In more detail, this review covers the basic principles of hydrogel formation in an F–T way, the parameters that influence hydrogel formation, the properties of the hydrogel, and its application in the biomedical field.
Effects of normalizing temperature on microstructure and high-temperature properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V bainitic steel
Authors: Zhang Libing , Luo Deng , Li Yanmei , Zhang Jimou , Song Minghui , Xu Chen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In 2.2Cr-1Mo-0.25V bainitic steels, the effect of the initial microstructure on carbide precipitation has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this work, the effect of normalizing temperature on the microstructure evolution and corresponding high-temperature strength change of bainitic steels was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using extra-thick hydrogenation reactor steel as the assessed material, and the precipitation strengthening mechanism was discussed. When the normalizing temperature increased from 900 °C to 990 °C, the high-temperature yield strength increased from 451 to 475 MPa and the average absorbed Charpy impact energy at −30 °C decreased from 93 to 41 J. Therefore, the optimal normalizing temperature was 960 °C. The volume fraction of MC carbides with almost no change in average diameter increased from 0.21% to 0.44%, and the dispersed strengthening of carbide was significantly enhanced. The increase in normalizing temperature increased the solid solution of alloying elements within the bainite matrix, which increased the precipitation of MC carbides during the tempering process. In addition, the lamellar M-A constituents in the initial microstructure decomposed to form MC carbides.
Turnover in male dominance offsets the positive effect of polygyny on within-group relatedness
Authors: Dyble Mark , Clutton-Brock Tim H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvidence of an association between cooperative breeding systems and average coefficients of relatedness between group members in vertebrates have led to increased interest in the social and ecological factors affecting average kinship within groups. Previous studies have suggested that polygynous mating systems and high degrees of male reproductive skew increase average relatedness because they increase the proportion of offspring born in each group that are paternal siblings. Although this may be the case in semelparous organisms, in many multiparous polygynous animals, intense competition between males shortens the breeding tenure of males and leads to their frequent replacement by competitors which reduces paternal relatedness and average kinship between members of multigenerational groups. Here, we explore the interaction between male reproductive skew and the frequency of turnover in breeding males and its effects on within-group relatedness. Our theoretical model shows that increases in rates of dominance turnover in polygynous systems can offset the positive effect of male skew on relatedness between group members within seasons, showing that polygynous mating systems will not necessarily lead to significant increases in average relatedness, especially in species where there is extensive overlap between generations among group members.
Testing the local mate competition rule in a quasi-gregarious parasitoid with facultative superparasitism
Authors: Liu Peng-Cheng , Wang Zi-Yin , Qi Mei , Hu Hao-Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs an important domain of evolutionary ecology, sex allocation theory well explains the evolution of investment into female versus male offspring. Local mate competition (LMC) is a good predictor of sex allocation, where the optimal sex ratio becomes less female-biased and asymptotically approaches 0.5 as the number of foundresses increases. Parasitoid wasps, with haplodiploid sex determination, offer excellent opportunities to test how organisms manipulate their offspring sex ratio in response to environmental variation, and many species have been proved to allocate sex according to predictions under LMC. When hosts are spatially clustered, as in gregarious species, the mating systems of quasi-gregarious parasitoids meet the essential assumptions (female mating before dispersal) of LMC. However, inconsistent with predictions, in the quasi-gregarious species Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), a strongly female-biased eclosion sex ratio (0.156 ± 0.018 to 0.185 ± 0.016) was observed as the number of females laying eggs in a patch increased. Superparasitism, in which 44.7% of parasitized hosts contained more than one egg but only one adult emerged from each host, was common in A. disparis. However, the egg sex ratio was determined by microsatellites and likely fit the predictions of LMC theory. Male-biased offspring mortality arising from superparasitism during development likely contributes to the shift from the primary sex ratio predicted under LMC to the observed female-biased eclosion sex ratio. Inconsistent with results in gregarious parasitoids, the role of superparasitism in driving sex ratio shifts in quasi-gregarious parasitoids should be incorporated into LMC-based predictions of sex ratios.