bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric vehicle fleet penetration helps address inequalities in air quality and improves environmental justice
Authors: Chang Shih Ying , Huang Jiaoyan , Chaveste Melissa R. , Lurmann Frederick W. , Eisinger Douglas S. , Mukherjee Anondo D. , Erdakos Garnet B. , Alexander Marcus , Knipping Eladio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccelerated penetration of on-road electric vehicles offers regional and community-scale air quality benefits; however, such benefits have not been previously quantified regarding environmental justice communities near major roads. This study evaluated six 2040 electric vehicle scenarios and quantified concentration reductions of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5 µm) for southern California environmental justice communities near Interstate 710. Findings showed that aggressive electric vehicle penetration (85% electric vehicle share) reduced nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter concentrations more in communities with more people of color (1.9 ppb and 1.1 μg m−3) than in communities with more White residents (1.6 ppb and 0.94 μg m−3). Aggressive electric vehicle penetration reduced pollution exposure disparity by 30% for nitrogen dioxide and 14% for fine particulate matter. Disparity reductions were also found based on educational attainment. Results suggest policies that encourage accelerated electric vehicle penetration will address inequalities in air pollution and help achieve environmental justice.
Microscopic charcoals in ocean sediments off Africa track past fire intensity from the continent
Authors: Haliuc Aritina , Daniau Anne-Laure , Mouillot Florent , Chen Wentao , Leys Bérangère , David Valérie , Hanquiez Vincent , Dennielou Bernard , Schefuß Enno , Bayon Germain , Crosta Xavier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFires in Africa account for more than half of global fire-carbon emissions but the long-term evolution of fire activity and its link to global climate change remains elusive. Paleofire records provide descriptive information about fire changes through time, going beyond the range of satellite observations, although fire regime characteristics are challenging to reconstruct. To address this conceptual gap, we report here the abundance and morphometric data for a large set of microscopic charcoal samples (n = 128) recovered from surface ocean sediments offshore Africa. We show that in subtropical Southern Africa, large and intense fires prevailing in open savanna-grassland ecosystems produce a high abundance of small and elongated microcharcoal particles. In contrast, in the forest ecosystems of equatorial and tropical regions of western and central Africa, low-intensity fires dominate, producing low amounts of squared microcharcoal particles. Microcharcoal concentration and morphotype in marine sediment records off Africa are thus indicative of fire regime characteristics. Applied to down-core marine charcoal records, these findings reveal that at orbital time-scale intense and large, open grassland-savanna fires occurred during wet periods in the sub-tropical areas. A strong contribution of fire carbon emissions during periods of precession and summer insolation maxima in the geological record is thus expected.
Global mining footprint mapped from high-resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Tang Liang , Werner Tim T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMining is of major economic, environmental and societal consequence, yet knowledge and understanding of its global footprint is still limited. Here, we produce a global mining land use dataset via remote sensing analysis of high-resolution, publicly available satellite imagery. The dataset comprises 74,548 polygons, covering ~66,000 km2 of features like waste rock dumps, pits, water ponds, tailings dams, heap leach pads and processing/milling infrastructure. Our polygons finely contour the edges of mine features and do not include the space between them. This distinguishes our dataset from others that employ broader definitions of mining lands. Hence, despite our database being the largest to date by number of polygons, comparisons show relatively lower global land use. Our database is made freely available to support future studies of global mining impacts. A series of spatial analyses are also presented that highlight global mine distribution patterns and broader environmental risks.
Two kinds of average approximation accuracy
Authors: Kong Qingzhao , Wang Wanting , Zhang Dongxiao , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRough set theory places great importance on approximation accuracy, which is used to gauge how well a rough set model describes a target concept. However, traditional approximation accuracy has limitations since it varies with changes in the target concept and cannot evaluate the overall descriptive ability of a rough set model. To overcome this, two types of average approximation accuracy that objectively assess a rough set model’s ability to approximate all information granules is proposed. The first is the relative average approximation accuracy, which is based on all sets in the universe and has several basic properties. The second is the absolute average approximation accuracy, which is based on undefinable sets and has yielded significant conclusions. We also explore the relationship between these two types of average approximation accuracy. Finally, the average approximation accuracy has practical applications in addressing missing attribute values in incomplete information tables.
A small‐area and low‐power all‐digital duty cycle corrector with de‐skew circuit
Authors: Hai Ya , Liu Fei , Wang Yongshan , Kang Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a small‐area and low‐power all‐digital duty cycle corrector with de‐skew circuit. By adopting the proposed delay unit containing a pre‐charge transistor, half cycle delay line can accurately generate half‐cycle delay, thus ensuring that the circuit can achieve duty cycle correction with small area and low power. To achieve high‐precision clock synchronization, the proposed de‐skew circuit utilizes a high‐resolution two‐stage digital control delay line to eliminate the additional clock skew between the input clock and output clock of the circuit. The test chip is fabricated in 130 nm CMOS process and the area only occupies 0.009 mm2. The chip testing results show that duty cycle correction error is within 3.2% and phase error is less than 16 ps when input duty cycle from 20% to 80% at the frequency range from 380 MHz to 1.25 GHz. And the proposed circuit only consumes 3 mW when supply voltage is 1.2 V and clock frequency is 1 GHz.
A novel miniaturized sext‐band bandstop filter based on tree‐shaped branches loaded asymmetric multimode resonators
Authors: Luo Jie , Zhao Guangxu , Sheng Zhongxi , Gao Shanshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe working mechanism of suggested tunable bandstop filtered with asymmetrical multiple‐mode resonator equipped with tree‐shape branches is described in this letter. Because of the established degree of freedom, the suggested bandstop filters’ (BSFs) centre frequencies may be modified based on the design approach. Meanwhile, the suggested BSFs have small dimensions and abrupt roll‐off skirts for transition bands. A technology demonstration filter with six stopbands placed at 1.91/2.38/3.54/5.19/5.79/6.85 GHz was constructed to verify the design and analyses. It is found that the measurement of a filter is consistent with the comparison of simulation data, which indicates that the proposed structure is an optional approach for BSF design. The filter proposed can be applied in the field of communication, information and coal mine automation.
A single‐source switched‐capacitor based 13‐level sextuple boost inverter with reduced component count and low THD
Authors: Hussan Md Reyaz , Sarwar Adil , Tayyab Mohammad , Tariq Mohd , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Ahmad Akbar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA switched‐capacitor‐based 13‐level inverter with a lesser number of components is presented in this article. The 13‐level single‐phase AC output voltage is achieved with a voltage gain of 6 by including a single DC source, 11 switches, 4 capacitors, and 3 diodes in the proposed converter. The self‐voltage balancing is achieved for various types of load without the need for complex control schemes and auxiliary circuits. The proposed topology does not require a back‐end H‐bridge to generate negative polarity. This leads to a reduction in voltage stresses across the switches. Thus, total standing voltage (TSV) and the overall cost of the proposed topology are reduced as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art topologies reported in the literature. Furthermore, an Improved Nearest Level Modulation (INLM) scheme is used to improve the power quality of the output voltage. Using the proposed scheme, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage is reduced to 5.08%. The power loss analysis for various elements of the proposed converter is also included. A comparison with recent topologies in reference to various performance parameters is carried out. In addition to the simulation study, a laboratory prototype is prepared to validate the efficacy of the proposed converter.
HEAT: Incorporating hierarchical enhanced attention transformation into urban road detection
Authors: Han Ting , Li Chuanmu , Chen Siyu , Wang Zongyue , Su Jinhe , Wu Yundong , Cai Guorong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRoad detection plays a vital role in automated driving and advanced driver assistance systems. In recent years, mainstream frameworks have suffered from the restrictions of a receptive field and the limitation of modelling long‐range relations. Previous methods fail to segment precise road boundaries when urban roads with similar surface textures are presented. Moreover, road regions are perceived as non‐road areas due to the shadow effect, which affects the completeness of the road in the traffic environment. To this end, for urban road detection, a hierarchical enhanced attention transformation (HEAT) architecture, which holds both fine details (road edges) and global contextual information (road structure) is proposed. The symmetrical data‐fusion residual network fuses visual semantic and spatial structure information. The attention consolidation units model global contextual information at different layers to realize the feature enhancement from coarse to fine. In addition, corresponding local and global features are fused hierarchically in the progressive up‐sampling modules. Comprehensive empirical studies are conducted to compare other mainstream methods in the KITTI and the Cityscapes dataset. HEAT shows highly competitive performance in that confusable areas are correctly distinguished in the presence of obstacles, shadows, and similar road textures. HEAT outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in urban road detection.
A validation of the Pseudoscience Endorsement Scale and assessment of the cognitive correlates of pseudoscientific beliefs
Authors: Torres Marta N. , Barberia Itxaso , Rodríguez-Ferreiro Javier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPseudoscientific beliefs are widespread and have potentially harmful consequences. Being able to identify their presence and recognize the factors characterizing their endorsement is crucial to understanding their prevalence. In this preregistered study, we validated the English version of the Pseudoscience Endorsement Scale and investigated its correlates. A group of volunteers (n = 510), representative of the U.S. population, responded to this scale and to questionnaires measuring the presence of paranormal, denialist, and conspiracist beliefs. The validation resulted in a shorter version of the scale, the sPES. Participants also completed a scientific literacy questionnaire as well as bullshit detection and cognitive reflection tests. Scores obtained on the questionnaires corresponding to different unwarranted beliefs correlated with each other, suggesting a possible common basis. Scientific knowledge, cognitive reflection scores, and bullshit sensitivity were negatively associated with scores on the pseudoscience scale. Of note, bullshit receptivity was the main contributor in a model predicting pseudoscience endorsement.
Associations between attachment-related variables in fifth and sixth graders and their mothers in Japan
Authors: Inagawa Michiyo , Nakao Tatsuma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObtaining data from non-Western cultural contexts is essential for enhancing the cross-cultural validity of attachment theory. This study investigated the associations among maternal attachment style, maternal willingness to serve as an attachment figure, and children’s attachment security in middle childhood in Japan. Sample 1 included a nationwide web survey of 104 dyads of fifth and sixth graders and their mothers. Sample 2 included 53 dyads in an in-person questionnaire survey conducted in Kyoto. In both Samples 1 and 2, the results revealed (1) negative Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between maternal attachment anxiety and children’s attachment security, (2) positive Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between maternal willingness to serve as an attachment figure and children’s attachment security, and (3) negative Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between maternal attachment anxiety and maternal willingness to serve as an attachment figure. Our data could enhance the cross-cultural validity of attachment in fifth and sixth graders, and suggest that the influence of maternal attachment styles on parental responsiveness changes in middle childhood.
Self-generated vortex flows in a tokamak magnetic island with a background flow
Authors: Choi G.J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present a gyrokinetic theory of self-generated E × B vortex flows in a magnetic island in a collisionless tokamak plasma with a background vortex flow. We find that the long-term evolution of the self-generated vortex flows can be classified into two regimes by the background vortex flow potential Φ, with an asymptotic criterion given by

e

Φ

c
r

/

T
=
ϵ
w

/

r

, where T is temperature, ε is the inverse aspect ratio and r is the radial coordinate. We find that the background vortex flow above the criterion significantly weakens the toroidal precession-induced long-term damping and structure change of the self-generated vortex flows. That is, the finite background vortex flow is beneficial to maintain the self-generated vortex flows, favorable to an internal transport barrier formation. Our result indicates that the island boundary region is a prominent location for triggering the transition to an enhanced confinement state of the magnetic island.
Characterization method of the Joule heating efficiency of electric textiles and influence of boundary conditions
Authors: Shuvo Ikra Iftekhar , Decaens Justine , Dolez Patricia I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Joule heating textiles are available on the market for a variety of applications. However, their market growth is limited by challenges in terms of quality, for instance with the need to provide a reliable account of the heating to be expected, prevent the occurrence of overheating leading to burns and fires, and ensure the long-term performance when exposed to use conditions such as abrasion and laundering. Standard test methods are a key component to solve these issues of efficiency, safety, and durability. Yet, they mostly remain to be established. In this research, a test method was developed for the characterization of the Joule heating efficiency of electric textiles. It involves measuring the temperature of a heating textile using a thermocouple affixed to its surface while it is powered for an hour. The value of the surface temperature that would ultimately be reached by the heating textile after an infinite heating time and the time for the temperature to enter a slow increase regime are determined by fitting an equation to the temperature-time data. These two parameters provide a quantitative mean of comparison between different heating textiles/conditions. This test method was used to analyze the effect of different experimental conditions on the heating efficiency of four heaters corresponding to different technologies of Joule heating textiles and make recommendations in terms of conditions for a standardized test protocol. These results give some insights towards the development of a robust and universal test method for the quantitative assessment of the Joule heating efficiency of electrical textiles that will ultimately be proposed for standardization to help support the growth of the e-textile industry.
Voting Decisions and Racialized Fluidity in South Africa’s Metropolitan Municipalities
Authors: Paret Marcel , Runciman Carin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Do racial identities determine voting behaviour in post-apartheid South Africa? To address this question, we draw from a representative sample of 3,905 registered voters in five metropolitan municipalities: Johannesburg, Tshwane, Durban, Cape Town, and Nelson Mandela Bay. Our findings are mixed. On the one hand, Black voters were significantly more likely to vote for the African National Congress, whereas Coloured, Indian, and especially white voters were more likely to vote for the Democratic Alliance. This contrast comes into particular focus when we examine how voters acted over the course of a three-election period. On the other hand, race was far from a guaranteed predictor, not the least because many chose to abstain from voting—a trend that extended, though unevenly, to all racial groups. Importantly, though, the electorate did not split between party loyalists and consistent abstainers. Instead, fluidity predominated: About half of the electorate changed positions between elections, either by switching between parties or between voting and abstaining. Our findings thus demonstrate what we call ‘racialized fluidity’: Many voters are changing their voting decision from one election to the next, but in the aggregate, racial identity remains correlated with voting decisions.
Peer Counselor Intervention for Reducing Mortality and/or Hospitalization in Adults With Hypertensive Urgency in Tanzania: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kisigo Godfrey A , Mgeta Frank , Mcharo Onike , Okello Elialilia , Wajanga Bahati , Kalokola Fredrick , Mtui Graham , Sundararajan Radhika , Peck Robert N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Worldwide, people with hypertensive urgency experience high rates of hospitalization and death due to medication non-adherence. Interventions to improve medication adherence and health outcomes after hypertensive urgency are urgently needed.

METHODS
This prospective cohort assessed the effect of a peer counselor intervention—named Rafiki mwenye msaada—on the 1-year incidence of hospitalization and/or death among adults with hypertensive urgency in Mwanza, Tanzania. We enrolled 50 patients who presented with hypertensive urgency to 2 hospitals in Mwanza, Tanzania. All 50 patients received a Rafiki mwenye msaada an individual-level, time-limited case management intervention. Rafiki mwenye msaada aims to empower adult patients with hypertensive urgency to manage their high blood pressure. It consists of 5 sessions delivered over 3 months by a peer counselor. Outcomes were compared to historical controls.

RESULTS
Of the 50 patients (median age, 61 years), 34 (68%) were female, and 19 (38%) were overweight. In comparison to the historical controls, the intervention cohort had a significantly lower proportion of patients with a secondary level of education (22% vs. 35%) and health insurance (40% vs. 87%). Nonetheless, the 1-year cumulative incidence of hospitalization and/or death was 18% in the intervention cohort vs. 35% in the control cohort (adjusted Hazard Ratio, 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97; P = 0.041). Compared to historical controls, intervention participants maintained higher rates of medication use and clinic attendance at both 3- and 6-months but not at 12 months. Of intervention participants who survived and remained in follow-up, &gt;90% reported good medication adherence at all follow-up time points.

CONCLUSION
Our findings support the hypothesis that a peer counselor intervention may improve health outcomes among adults living with hypertensive urgency. A randomized clinical trial is needed to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness.
RBAtools: a programming interface for Resource Balance Analysis models
Authors: Bodeit Oliver , Ben Samir Inès , Karr Jonathan R , Goelzer Anne , Liebermeister Wolfram 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Efficient resource allocation can contribute to an organism’s fitness and can improve evolutionary success. Resource Balance Analysis (RBA) is a computational framework that models an organism’s growth-optimal proteome configurations in various environments. RBA software enables the construction of RBA models on genome scale and the calculation of medium-specific, growth-optimal cell states including metabolic fluxes and the abundance of macromolecular machines. However, existing software lacks a simple programming interface for non-expert users, easy to use and interoperable with other software.

Results
The python package RBAtools provides convenient access to RBA models. As a flexible programming interface, it enables the implementation of custom workflows and the modification of existing genome-scale RBA models. Its high-level functions comprise simulation, model fitting, parameter screens, sensitivity analysis, variability analysis and the construction of Pareto fronts. Models and data are represented as structured tables and can be exported to common data formats for fluxomics and proteomics visualization.

Availability and implementation
RBAtools documentation, installation instructions and tutorials are available at https://sysbioinra.github.io/rbatools/. General information about RBA and related software can be found at rba.inrae.fr.
Digital PCR cluster predictor: a universal R-package and shiny app for the automated analysis of multiplex digital PCR data
Authors: De Falco Alfonso , Olinger Christophe M , Klink Barbara , Mittelbronn Michel , Stieber Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is an emerging technology that enables accurate and sensitive quantification of nucleic acids. Most available dPCR systems have two channel optics, with ad hoc software limited to the analysis of single and duplex assays. Although multiplexing strategies were developed, variable assay designs, dPCR systems, and the analysis of low DNA input data restricted the ability for a universal automated clustering approach. To overcome these issues, we developed dPCR Cluster Predictor (dPCP), an R package and a Shiny app for automated analysis of up to 4-plex dPCR data. dPCP can analyse and visualize data generated by multiple dPCR systems carrying out accurate and fast clustering not influenced by the amount and integrity of input of nucleic acids. With the companion Shiny app, the functionalities of dPCP can be accessed through a web browser.