bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention to novelty interferes with toddlers' emerging memory decision‐making
Authors: Leckey Sarah , Bhagath Shefali , Johnson Elliott G. , Ghetti Simona 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMemory decision‐making in 26‐ to 32‐month‐olds was investigated using visual‐paired comparison paradigms, requiring toddlers to select familiar stimuli (Active condition) or view familiar and novel stimuli (Passive condition). In Experiment 1 (N = 108, 54.6% female, 62% White; replication N = 98), toddlers with higher accuracy in the Active condition showed reduced novelty preference in that condition, but not in the Passive condition (d = −.11). In Experiment 2 (N = 78; 52.6% female; 70.5% White), a brief 5% increase in target size boosted gaze transitions across conditions (d = .50) and accuracy in the Active condition (d = .53). Overall, evidence suggests that better attentional distribution can support decision‐making. Research was conducted between 2014 and 2020 in Northern California.
White matter structural topologic efficiency predicts individual resistance to sleep deprivation
Authors: Guo Fan , Zhang Tian , Wang Chen , Xu Ziliang , Chang Yingjuan , Zheng Minwen , Fang Peng , Zhu Yuanqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in modern society and there are large individual differences in the vulnerability to SD. We aim to identify the structural network differences based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that contribute to the individual different vulnerability to SD.MethodsThe number of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses was used to classify 49 healthy subjects on the basis of whether they were vulnerable or resistant to SD. DTI and graph theory approaches were used to investigate the topologic organization differences of the brain structural connectome between SD‐vulnerable and ‐resistant individuals. We measured the level of global efficiency and clustering in rich club and non‐rich club organizations.ResultsWe demonstrated that participants vulnerable to SD had less global efficiency, network strength, and local efficiency but longer shortest path length compared with participants resistant to SD. Lower efficiency was mainly distributed in the right insula, bilateral thalamus, bilateral frontal, temporal, and temporal lobes. Furthermore, a disrupted subnetwork was observed that consisted of widespread connections. Moreover, the vulnerable group showed significantly decreased strength of the rich club compared with the resistant group. The strength of rich club connectivity was found to be correlated negatively with PVT performance (r = −0.395, p = 0.005). We further tested the reliability of the results.ConclusionThe findings revealed that individual differences in resistance to SD are related to disrupted topologic efficiency connectome pattern, and our study may provide potential connectome‐based biomarkers for the early detection of the vulnerable degree to SD.
Agminated presentation of fusion‐driven melanocytic neoplasms
Authors: Fumero‐Velázquez Mónica , Hagstrom Michael , Dhillon Soneet , Olivares Shantel , Jennings Lawrence J. , Dittman David , Sukhanova Madina , Arva Nicoleta C. , Goldstein Seth D. , Theos Amy , Pavlidakey Peter , Carr Zachary , Gerami Pedram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe conventionally understood pathogenesis of agminated Spitz nevi includes a mosaic HRAS mutation followed by copy number gains in 11p. However, we have recently observed agminated presentations of fusion‐driven melanocytic neoplasms.MethodsWe retrieved cases from our database of benign fusion‐induced melanocytic neoplasms with an agminated presentation. Both the primary lesion and the secondary lesion were sequenced. TERT‐promoter mutational testing and the melanoma fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were also performed.ResultsThree cases were included. Two had a PRKCA fusion (partners ATP2B4 and MPZL1) and one had a ZCCHC8::ROS1 fusion. None of the cases met morphologic or molecular criteria for malignancy. There was no evidence of tumor progression in secondary lesions. The same fusion was identified in the primary and secondary lesions. None of the patients developed evidence of nodal or systemic metastasis.ConclusionsWe present accumulating evidence that fusion‐driven melanocytic neoplasms can present with an agminated presentation. The differential diagnosis of an agminated presentation versus a locally recurrent or potentially locally metastatic tumor is critical, and accurate diagnosis has significant prognostic and therapeutic consequences for the patient. As with HRAS mutations, fusion‐driven melanocytic tumors may have an agminated presentation.
Population density and genetic diversity are positively correlated in wild felids globally
Authors: Azizan Amira , Anile Stefano , Nielsen Clayton K. , Paradis Emmanuel , Devillard Sébastien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimInsights into the biological and evolutionary traits of species, and their ability to cope with global changes, can be gained by studying genetic diversity within species. A cornerstone hypothesis in evolutionary and conservation biology suggests that genetic diversity decreases with decreasing population size, however, population size is difficult to estimate in threatened species with large distribution ranges, and evidence for this is limited to few species. To address this gap, we tested this hypothesis across multiple closely related species at a global scale using population density which is a more accessible measure.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodContemporary.Major Taxa StudiedWild felids in their natural habitats.MethodsWe obtained data from published estimates of population density assessed via camera trap and within‐population genetic diversity generated from microsatellite markers on 18 felid species across 41 countries from 354 studies. We propose a novel method to standardize population density estimates and to spatially join data using K‐means clustering. Linear mixed‐effect modelling was applied to account for confounding factors such as body mass, generation length and sample size used for the genetic estimates.ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation between population density and genetic diversity, particularly observed heterozygosity and allelic richness. While the confounding factors did not affect the main results, long generation length and large sample size were significantly associated with high genetic diversity. Body mass had no effect on genetic diversity, likely because large‐bodied species were over‐represented in our data sets.Main ConclusionsOur study emphasizes how recent demographic processes shape neutral genetic diversity in threatened and small populations where extinction vortex is a risk. Although caution is needed when interpreting the small population density effect in our findings, our methodological framework shows promising potential to identify which populations require actions to conserve maximal genetic variation.
Exploring the views and experiences of people recovering from a stroke about a new text message intervention to promote physical activity after rehabilitation—Keeping Active with Texting After Stroke: A qualitative study
Authors: Farre Albert , Morris Jacqui H. , Irvine Linda , Dombrowski Stephan U. , Breckenridge Jenna P. , Ozakinci Gozde , Lebedis Thérèse , Jones Claire 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundParticipating in exercise following a stroke is essential for recovery. When community‐based rehabilitation services end, some people struggle to remain active. We codesigned Keeping Active with Texting After Stroke (KATS), a text message intervention to support home‐based, self‐directed plans to continue exercising. KATS delivers a series of automated text messages over a 12‐week period from the point of discharge from National Health Service‐funded therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of the first cohort of participants to complete the KATS intervention about the meaning, engagement, workability and worth of the intervention.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative study, theoretically informed by Normalisation Process Theory. We conducted semi‐structured telephone interviews with people with stroke from two Health Boards in Scotland. Data collection took place over two phases, with each participant being interviewed twice: first, halfway through intervention delivery (Week 6) and then again at the end of the intervention (Week 12). All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsA total of 24 interviews were conducted with 12 participants. Our findings were organised around four overarching analytical themes: (1) making sense of KATS: timing and complementarity in the rehabilitation journey; (2) engaging with KATS: connection and identification with others; (3) making KATS work: flexibility and tailorable guidance; (4) appraising the worth of KATS: encouragement and friendliness. Participants differentiated KATS from current rehabilitation practice, finding it relevant, fitting and worthwhile. Variations were reported in engagement with behaviour change techniques, but participants were able to tailor KATS use, making it work for them in different ways.ConclusionsPerceived benefits went beyond promoting physical activity, including feeling supported and connected. Future research will test the effectiveness of KATS in promoting physical activity and explore any associations with relevant social and emotional secondary outcomes.Patient or Public ContributionA research funding proposal was developed in collaboration with five people with stroke and three spouses. After securing funding, six people with stroke were invited to join the project's Collaborative Working Group, alongside health professionals and stroke rehabilitation experts, to codevelop the intervention and support the feasibility study.
Electrochemical performance of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3–δ–Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 composite cathode for IT‐SOFCs
Authors: Fan Hongpeng , Liu Zhijun , Wu Yang , Wang Qin , Yang Jun , Guan Wanbing , Han Liang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, the performance of solid oxide fuel cells is improved by physically mixing Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) in La0.6Sr0.4CoO3–δ (LSC) cathode. The grain size and chemical compatibility of the powder were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of powder and cells. The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of LSC–GDC powder with different mass ratios were tested (LSC:GDC = 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5) and LSC–GDC (5:5) showed the minimal TEC (1.34 × 10−5 K−1 at 650°C). The cathodes with different mass ratios are prepared by screen printing. The symmetrical cell with LSC–GDC (5:5) had the smallest cathode polarization resistance (0.0801 Ω cm2 at 650°C) and the lowest activation energy (1.12 eV). The button cell with LSC–GDC (5:5) exhibited the maximum power density (513 mW cm−2 at 650°C) and could be discharged for 550 h without significant degradation. The LSC–GDC (5:5) cathode was applied to a flat‐tube solid oxide fuel cell and achieved a high power density of 552 mW cm−2 at 0.8 V. The results show that the LSC–GDC (5:5) has a bright future in commercialization.
“I think I am bilingual, but…”: Teachers’ practices of and student’ attitudes toward translanguaging in a Chinese intercultural communication class
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Shen Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTranslanguaging encourages active and integrated usage of varied languages and other resources and exploitation of students’ whole linguistic repertories and cultural resources in teaching and learning. Zooming into an intercultural communication class in an English‐as‐a‐medium‐of‐instruction (EMI) fashion, the present study intends to discuss the teacher's pedagogical translanguaging practices used in class, the possible influences of these practices on students’ intercultural communication competence (ICC) and students’ attitudes toward these translanguaging practices by adopting a mixed‐method approach of in‐class observation, questionnaires, and semi‐structured interviews. The findings suggest that translanguaging was practiced to serve various purposes in class, namely concept explanation, engagement check, context knowledge reorientation, and maintenance of classroom relationships; the teacher's translanguaging practices could help to promote students’ ICC; students demonstrated positive attitudes toward translanguaging utilized by teachers, while some were concerned about the students’ use of translanguaging in the EMI class where the monolingual ideology was expected to be dominant. Therefore, students’ awareness of translanguaging and multilingualism should be fostered to make full use of their bilingual and multilingual advantages, which will further contribute to cultivating their ICC.
Comparison between lymecycline with multidrug therapy and standard multidrug regimen (WHO‐MDT) in the treatment of multibacillary leprosy patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Diaz Jianella Catrisse D. , Abad‐Venida Ma. Luisa , Espinoza‐Thaebtharm Agnes , Cathryn Salonga Ma. Eleanor , Abad-Casintahan Ma. Flordeliz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHansen's disease or leprosy is a chronic, infectious disease that has locally and globally afflicted all populations. Despite standard treatment with multidrug therapy (WHO‐MDT), the incidence of drug resistance has been an increasingly prevalent global problem in leprosy management. This study compared the effectiveness between lymecycline with WHO‐MDT and standard WHO‐MDT in leprosy treatment.MethodsThe research is a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to July 2021. Pre‐ and post‐treatment bacillary index, presence of new lesions, nerve function impairment, and leprosy reactions were obtained through chart review.ResultsThe results showed a significant difference in bacteriological index (BI) in both groups at the end of the treatment. However, a higher reduction in BI was noted for the lymecycline group. For the group that took WHO‐MDT alone, BI decreased by 0.7 (P < 0.001) whereas patients who took lymecycline and WHO‐MDT had a BI difference of 3 (P < 0.001) upon completion of treatment. A significant decrease in the recurrence of lesions (P = 0.006) and nerve function impairment (P = 0.038) was also noted in the lymecycline group whereas there was no significant difference in leprosy reactions between the two groups.ConclusionLymecycline 600 mg daily for 3 months can be used as an adjunct in cases of leprosy resistance and treatment failure among multibacillary patients. Lymecycline significantly reduced bacillary index, recurrence of skin lesions, and nerve function impairment through its possible immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects.
Site Disorder as a Predictor for Compositionally Complex 5RE2Zr2O7 Ceramic Phase Stability
Authors: Lowry Daniel R. , Boro Joseph R. , Blea‐Kirby Mia , Valdez Nichole R. , Bishop Sean R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhase formation and stability of five component compositionally complex rare earth zirconates (5RE2Zr2O7) were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. Zirconates with different rare earth compositions (LaNdSmEuDy, LaNdSmEuYb, LaNdEuErYb, LaNdDyErYb, SmEuDyYHo, LaYHoErYb, and DyYHoErYb) were synthesized at 1700°C and 2000°C by the solid‐state method to investigate the effect of A‐site site disorder (δA) on phase stability. Increased site disorder results from mixed cation occupancy with localized crystallographic strain and bond disorder. Compositions LaNdSmEuDy (δA = 4.6) and LaNdSmEuYb (δA = 6.0) produced a single pyrochlore phase and compositions SmDyYHoErYb (δA = 2.8), LaYHoErYb (δA = 6.2), and DyYHoErYb (δA = 1.7) produced a single fluorite phase. High δA compositions LaNdEuErYb (δA = 6.9) and LaNdDyErYb (δA = 7.2) produced a pyrochlore and fluorite phase mixture at 1700°C. Single phase was obtained for the latter composition at 2000°C. Of the single phase compositions calcined at 1700°C, LaNdSmEuYb and LaYHoErYb (both with largest δA) showed decomposition to mixed fluorite and pyrochlore phases during lower temperature anneals, indicating entropic stabilization. Comparison with prior work shows a temperature dependence of the critical δA for phase stability, and compositions near it are expected to be entropy stabilized.
Development of a lateral flow immuno‐chromatic strip assay for the detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3)
Authors: Zheng Yihua , Zhou Yi , Zhao Lupin , Li Jiaxun , Lu Liqun , Jiang Yousheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is the main pathogen of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), which has caused serious damage to the ornamental and food‐producing carp industry. Effective and rapid on‐site detection methods are needed for early diagnosis of CyHV‐3. A lateral flow immuno‐chromatographic assay (LFIA) using two specific anti‐CyHV‐3 monoclonal antibodies has been developed and validated for on‐site detection of CyHV‐3. MAb 3C9 was used to bio‐conjugate CyHV‐3 antigen with colloidal gold, and MAb 2A8 was used to capture antigen bound colloidal gold on the test line. The control line was lined with goat anti‐mouse IgG to capture unbound colloidal gold to validate performance. The test results can be viewed within 10 min after putting the strip into CyHV‐3 virus infection fluid. The lowest limit of detection for the LFIA test was found to be 1.5 × 104 copies/μL and it showed no cross‐reactivity with other fish viral pathogens. The specificity of the strip was 100% when spleen and kidney tissues of CyHV‐3‐infected and healthy koi were validated at the field level. The LFIA strip will be an effective device for the early detection of CyHV‐3 in the future.
Use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rong Lim , Ch'ng Daniel , Jia Pingping , Tsoi Kelvin K F , Wong Sunny H , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit compositional changes in their gut microbiome, which represents a potential therapeutic target. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are microbiome‐targeted therapies that have been proposed as treatment for NAFLD. We aim to systematically review the effects of these therapies in liver‐related outcomes of NAFLD patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost from inception to August 19, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that treated NAFLD patients with prebiotics and/or probiotics. We meta‐analyzed the outcomes using standardized mean difference (SMD) and assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias 2 tool.ResultsA total of 41 (18 probiotics, 17 synbiotics, and 6 prebiotics) RCTs were included. Pooled data demonstrated that the intervention had significantly improved liver steatosis (measured by ultrasound grading) (SMD: 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.27, 7.25), fibrosis (SMD: −0.61 kPa; 95% CI: −1.12, −0.09 kPa), and liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (SMD: −0.86 U/L; 95% CI: −1.16, −0.56 U/L), aspartate transaminase (SMD: −0.87 U/L; 95% CI: −1.22, −0.52 U/L), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (SMD: −0.77 U/L; 95% CI: −1.26, −0.29 U/L).ConclusionsMicrobiome‐targeted therapies were associated with significant improvements in liver‐related outcomes in NAFLD patients. Nevertheless, limitations in existing literature like heterogeneity in probiotic strains, dosage, and formulation undermine our findings. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022354562) and supported by the Nanyang Technological University Start‐up Grant and Wang Lee Wah Memorial Fund.
How to suspect the presence of high‐risk esophageal varices and when to start endoscopic surveillance in children with biliary atresia?
Authors: Poddar Ujjal , Samanta Arghya , Sarma Moinak Sen , Kumar Basant , Lal Richa , Srivastava Anshu , Upadhyaya Vijay Datta , Yachha Surender Kumar , Mandelia Ankur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPortal hypertension determines the outcome of children with biliary atresia (BA) and is common even after a successful Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). However, there are no clear‐cut guidelines on the age of starting surveillance and the modality (endoscopy vs non‐invasive tests [NITs]). In this cohort study, we analyzed our database to find out the utility of NITs in detecting high‐risk esophageal varices in BA.MethodsFrom June 2010 to May 2022, consecutive children of BA who underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy were included. Esophageal varices were classified as high‐risk (grade II with red‐color signs or grade III or IV irrespective of red‐color signs. NITs such as splenomegaly (clinical and USG), platelet count, aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and platelet‐to‐spleen diameter ratio were compared between cases with high‐risk and low‐risk varices.ResultsA total of 110 children, 75 boys (66 successful KPE and 44 failed/KPE not performed) were enrolled. The median age at KPE was 85 days (IQR 63–98). Thirteen (11.8%) children presented with UGI bleeding. The first endoscopy revealed gastroesophageal varices in 75.4% of cases, and 32% of them had high‐risk varices. Multivariate analysis revealed failed KPE, history of UGI bleeding, bigger spleen size (> 3.5 cm), lower platelet count (< 150 000), and higher APRI (> 2) are independent predictors of the presence of high‐risk esophageal varices.ConclusionEndoscopy is the best in predicting the presence of high‐risk varices that might bleed; hence, early surveillance endoscopy should be started in children with splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and high APRI score to prevent variceal bleeding.
Comparing artificial intelligence to humans for endoscopic diagnosis of gastric neoplasia: An external validation study
Authors: Quek Sabrina Xin Zi , Lee Jonathan W. J. , Feng Zhu , Soh Min Min , Tokano Masayuki , Guan Yeoh Khay , So Jimmy B. Y. , Tada Tomohiro , Koh Calvin J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) uses deep learning functionalities that may enhance the detection of early gastric cancer during endoscopy. An AI‐based endoscopic system for upper endoscopy was recently developed in Japan. We aim to validate this AI‐based system in a Singaporean cohort.MethodsThere were 300 de‐identified still images prepared from endoscopy video files obtained from subjects that underwent gastroscopy in National University Hospital (NUH). Five specialists and 6 non‐specialists (trainees) from NUH were assigned to read and categorize the images into “neoplastic” or “non‐neoplastic.” Results were then compared with the readings performed by the endoscopic AI system.ResultsThe mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the 11 endoscopists were 0.847, 0.525, and 0.872, respectively. These values for the AI‐based system were 0.777, 0.591, and 0.791, respectively. While AI in general did not perform better than endoscopists on the whole, in the subgroup of high‐grade dysplastic lesions, only 29.1% were picked up by the endoscopist rating, but 80% were classified as neoplastic by AI (P = 0.0011). The average diagnostic time was also faster in AI compared with endoscopists (677.1 s vs 42.02 s (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated that an AI system developed in another health system was comparable in diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of static images. AI systems are faster and not fatigable and may have a role in augmenting human diagnosis during endoscopy. With more advances in AI and larger studies to support its efficacy it would likely play a larger role in screening endoscopy in future.