bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of non-equilibrium separation time on the partitioning of cephalexin in an aqueous two-phase system composed of glucose and acetonitrile
Authors: Movahedi Parsa , Jalali Qush Qayeh Ali , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to commercialize aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), not only the equilibrium data is essential, but also the knowledge of separation mechanisms, kinetics, settling time, and operational conditions are needed. Mixing duration and settling time are the most critical factors affecting separation and biomolecule partitioning in terms of economic aspects. This research aimed to find the desired conditions for separating cephalexin in an ATPS consisting of acetonitrile, glucose, and water. Firstly, the evolution of the interphase region was observed. Hereafter, to examine the effect of time on the experimental tie-lines and partition coefficient in non-equilibrium states, the settling time was varied from 2 min to 24 h. In addition, centrifugation was applied to help the separation at different time intervals and rotational speeds. The results of tie-lines slope and partitioning coefficients showed that the system approaches equilibrium after 5 h. However, using the centrifuge separation at 4000 rpm improved the separation time to 45 min, reaching 80 % of the actual partition coefficient. It can be concluded that with an acceptable tolerance in the partition coefficient, a remarkably diminished settling time is available for economic productivity in industrial units.
Valency patterns of manner of speaking verbs in Croatian
Authors: Brač Ivana , Birtić Matea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Manner of speaking verbs denote the transfer of a message through speech, emphasizing the volume, intensity, comprehensibility, psychophysical condition of the speaker, and/or the impression that the speaker leaves on the hearer. In this article, verbs are semantically divided into four subclasses: 1. Verbs with emphasis on volume, 2. verbs of incomprehensible speaking, 3. verbs of meaningless speaking and complaining, and 4. verbs with emphasis on emotional component. Their syntactic peculiarities have been extensively researched in English, while no special attention has been paid to these verbs in Croatian. It is stated that in Croatian they are monovalent verbs. However, these verbs can be bivalent, and even trivalent. The recipient can be expressed by a dative complement within all four semantic subclasses. With the verbs of loud speaking and verbs with negative emotions, it can be expressed by a prepositional complement na ‘at’ + accusative and za ‘after’ + instrumental. The theme can be expressed by a quotation and a clausal complement, a prepositional complement o ‘about’ + locative, an accusative complement, sometimes a prepositional complement protiv ‘against’ + genitive, za ‘for’ + accusative, and with fewer verbs with prepositional phrases za ‘for’ + instrumental or nad ‘over’ + instrumental. Interestingly, there are certain restrictions for the complements’ combination within the same clause, which are described in more detail in the article.
Attitude dative (dativus ethicus) as an interpersonal pragmatic marker in Latvian
Authors: Kalnača Andra , Lokmane Ilze 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Among varied syntactic and semantic functions of the dative case in Latvian, the attitude dative or dativus ethicus is a less studied one. As an optional pronominal clitic, it serves two broad functions: first, it expresses the speaker’s authority and affectedness of the speaker or the addressee in a speech-act situation, and second, it expresses the speaker’s stance towards the contents of the utterance. In terms of register, the attitude dative normally occurs in informal interaction. The current study examines three basic types of attitude datives in Latvian and their functions in different syntactic constructions and speech acts. The examples are extracted from corpora as well as Latvian fiction and everyday speech. It follows from the examples that the attitude dative has different meanings in certain speech acts and syntactic constructions. The attitude dative is used in giving orders, expressing prohibition and threats, as well as showing disagreement, disappointment, and regret. The study suggests that the attitude dative tends to be used in lexicalized syntactic constructions (set expressions) including specific lexemes and grammatical forms, and its functions are emphasized with particles.
Synthesis of nickel borides in molten salts at elevated temperatures and thermodynamic characterization of the system Ni–B
Authors: Burkmann Konrad , Störr Bianca , Seidel Jürgen , Bohmhammel Klaus , Mertens Florian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the synthesis of nickel borides in different molten-salt systems (eutectic NaCl/KCl and borax) at elevated temperatures. The differences in the thermodynamic stability of different nickel borides and the formation of NiB in an eutectic halite-sylvine mixture at T = 950 °C with different nickel-containing starting materials (NiO, Ni) has been elucidated. The results are compared to theoretical data calculated by the Calphad method. The results of the analysis shows that NiB2, if it exists, may only form a metastable phase.
Field Performance Evaluation of Base Course Constructed with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Virgin Aggregate Blends
Authors: Tanyu Burak F. , Guler Erol , Akmaz Emre , Ullah Saad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study presents the results of four years of data collection from a test site that is constructed as part of an actual roadway. The focus of the study was to evaluate the possibility of achieving similar or better performance characteristics from base course sections constructed with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) blends compared to sections with 100 % virgin aggregate (VA). Two base course sections were constructed by blending VA with 20 % RAP and two with 30 % RAP (four RAP-VA sections). Blends were achieved using fine processed RAP with two different average binder contents (4.9 and 5.6 %). Additionally, two sections were constructed with 100 % VA for comparison. During construction, strain gauges were embedded into the asphalt and base course layers. Long-term performance evaluations were monitored based on data from the strain gauges and in situ testing. Falling weight deflectometer and light weight deflectometer tests were used to evaluate modulus values, and the results showed that all sections constructed with RAP-VA blends had equal or greater modulus values than the 100 % VA sections. International roughness index tests coupled with data from strain gauges were used to evaluate deformations. The results showed that three of the four RAP sections had deformations close to or less than 100 % VA sections (desired outcome). The only exception was in the section constructed with 30 % RAP with lower binder content (4.9 %). Findings from this study showed that field evaluations require multiple methods of testing, and modulus-based measurements alone should not be relied on for performance evaluations. This study demonstrated that it is possible to design base course sections with RAP that perform similar to or better than 100 % VA. A proper blend requires the gradation and binder content of RAP to be characterized and the percentage of RAP blended with VA to be determined based on these properties.
An Examination of the Effect of Chemically Induced Damage on the Monotonic and Cyclic Shearing Behavior of Biocemented Sands
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna G. O. , Lee Minyong , Gomez Michael G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a biomediated soil improvement method that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils. Although improvements in soil engineering behaviors afforded by biocementation have been extensively characterized, there remains limited understanding of the anticipated long-term engineering behavior of biocemented soils following progressive chemical damage that may be experienced following initial applications. In this study, 10 direct simple shear tests were performed to investigate the effect of chemically induced damage on the drained monotonic and undrained cyclic shearing behaviors of biocemented loose Ottawa F-65 sand. All specimens were either uncemented, biocemented to different cementation levels corresponding to shear wave velocity increases (ΔVs) between 150 and 500 m/s, or biocemented to a ΔVs near 250 or 500 m/s and then subjected to degradation injections, which induced chemical damage and achieved ΔVs reductions of either 100 or 200 m/s. For all specimens, Vs and soil calcium carbonate content measurements were performed to assess improvement magnitudes, cementation uniformity, and evaluate magnitudes of chemically induced damage. As expected, increases in biocementation levels as captured by Vs increases were shown to progressively improve drained monotonic and undrained cyclic shearing behaviors. Following chemically induced damage, however, behavioral improvements were largely retained and were found to be consistent with the nondegraded biocemented specimens on the basis of similar Vs values. The performed tests provide the first examination of the expected long-term engineering behaviors of biocemented sands and yield new understandings regarding the anticipated impacts of chemical damage on behaviors relevant to subsurface liquefaction mitigation applications and other geotechnical use cases.
Influence of the Valid Test Temperature Range on Master Curve Analyses of Large Fracture Toughness Data Sets
Authors: Lucon Enrico 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
ASTM E1921, Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range, standardizes the Master Curve procedure for determining the reference temperature, T0, of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition range. In order for toughness test results to be included in the analyses, the corresponding test temperatures, T, must currently lie within the valid range defined as T0 – 50°C ≤ T ≤ T0 + 50°C. This study investigated the possibility of extending the valid test temperature range in a future revision of ASTM E1921 by assessing the consequences on the values of homogeneous (T0) and inhomogeneous (T0IN, Tm) reference temperatures calculated on 10 large “historical” data sets, already examined by the author in previous papers. The effect of expanding the valid temperature range on the macroscopical nature (homogeneous or inhomogeneous) of each data set was also considered by using the screening criterion presently proposed by ASTM E1921-22a. The results obtained appear to warrant a possible revision of the standard in this direction.
TP53 gene implications in prostate cancer evolution: potential role in tumor classification
Authors: Schitcu Vlad Horia , Raduly Lajos , Zanoaga Oana , Jurj Ancuta , Munteanu Vlad Cristian , Budisan Liviuta , Petrut Bogdan , Braicu Cornelia , Coman Ioan , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana 
Published: July 2023

Background and aims. Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a complex disease that can be driven by alterations in both coding and noncoding genes. Recent research has identified coding and non-coding genes that are considered to play important roles in prostate cancer evolution and which may be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. TP53 is a critical hub gene in prostate cancer. Advanced studies have demonstrated the crosstalk between coding and non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs).
Methods. In this study, we investigated the roundabout of TP53 and their regulatory miRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-141-3p) based on the TCGA data set. We validated an additional patient cohort of 28 matched samples of patients with PRAD at tissue and plasma level.
Results. Therefore, using the UALCAN online database, we evaluated the expression level in PRAD of these genes revealing overexpression of TP53. qRT-PCR validation step endorsed the expression level for these genes. Additionally, we evaluated the expression level of the four key miRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-141-3p) interconnected as a network at tissue and plasma levels.
Conclusions. Through these results, we demonstrated the essential function of TP53 and its associated miRNAs that play a significant role in tumor control, highlighting miRNAs’ potential as future therapeutic targets and biomarkers with important implications in managing prostate cancer.
Developing cancer biobanks in Romania: understanding the knowledge and recommendations in assessing a clinical dataset for biospecimens
Authors: Policiuc Liliana , Bica Cecilia , Ciocan Cristina , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Nutu Andreea , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana 
Published: July 2023

Background and aims. In the context of the novelty of personalized medicine and biobanking in Romania, there is an acute need to analyze the degree of knowledge of the key actors in the domain. The present study sought to investigate the understanding of ‘biobanking’ and ‘personalized medicine’ in three categories of
participants in the development of a biobank – health professionals (clinicians/diagnosticians), scientific researchers, and patients, in order to identify possible faults regarding the level of information. The secondary objective of this study was to identify key elements and relevant data that should be detailed in the clinical dataset that accompanies a biological sample.
Methods. A total of 120 participants were included in this study that were divided into three categories that represent key actors in the development and management of a cancer biobank – clinicians (n=40), scientific researchers (n=40), and oncology patients (n=40).
Results. The survey indicated that the terms ‘biobank’ and ’personalized medicine’ are unknown only in a proportion of patients, while for the other two groups, these terms are already known. The second questionnaire allowed the arrangement of a recommended clinical dataset to be filled when a biological sample is provided to
be included in a cancer biobank.
Conclusions. The trust of patients and healthcare professionals in building biobanks that adhere to ethical and operational standards in Romania is important, as the development of artificial intelligence and databases allows advanced knowledge and connection of findings from different databases and, therefore, brings the concept of personalized medicine closer to the clinical practice. The information included in this dataset will be integrated and constitutes a comprehensive biobank database. All these aspects are meant to increase the utility of the specimens in cancer research, as clearly annotated samples, along with prospective data, bring valuable knowledge that helps scientific researchers and clinicians make the clinical connection between the molecular alterations and the phenotype of particular patients or a disease.
Color Barcodes from Debut to Present: A Broad Survey on the State of the Art
Authors: SİRMEN Refik Tanju , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Berk 
Published: July 2023

Efficiently transferring information, which is of major importance for almost all engineering systems, requires a data representative appropriate to maintain the density and consistency of the information dispatched. As such a machine-readable representation of data, barcodes are one of the most recognized and powerful instruments of the purpose in every domain. Likewise, from the perspective of engineering, colors are excellent sources of information exchange, since the transmission of color connotes the conveyance of its entire scalar attributes in the same spatial channel component. Exerting colors on barcodes as an effective way of bursting the data conveyance capacity has been an active area of research for over 50 years. Significant progress has been achieved through efforts in this regard. It is also envisagable that the evident evolution in related technologies exoterically empowers the enhancement of color barcode capabilities as capacity and reliability, thereby further encouraging prospected research in this direction.
Herein, a comprehensive survey of the studies on this main area of interest is presented. To help better acquainted with the field, also a taxonomy of the peculiar interference sources and distortion effects is provided, besides, the 3D barcoding process itself and the research areas are described. Most of the relevant works from debut to the present are broadly examined. Rather than presenting a timeline, studies that pertain to similar issues are addressed together. Amongst those related, premising or pivotal ones are preferably cited as far as feasible. Moreover, all perused works are analyzed by the research areas and the results are presented. Also, the issues relatively more prominent as affecting the performance of the whole process are specified. In the conclusion, some of the research subjects that appear open, scarce, or require further elaboration were remarked on as well. It is anticipated this study to contribute to the efforts toward leveraging color in barcodes.
Comparison of posterior superior alveolar and greater palatine nerve block with local infiltration for extraction of maxillary molars in oral surgery – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moin Ayesha , Shafath Adil , Kale Saurabh 
Published: July 2023

Administration of local anesthetic drug that prevents pain during dental treatment is of absolute importance. Act of injecting local anesthetic should be nonpainful and atraumatic. The maxilla is very porous and highly vascular. Therefore, anesthesia of maxillary teeth can be accomplished more easily than with mandibular teeth. The aim of this study is to determine the anesthetic efficacy of the conventional technique of posterior superior alveolar (PSA) and greater palatine nerve(GP) block anesthesia as compared to the buccal and palatal technique in terms of pain during injection, after extraction, after 15mins of the procedure and quality of anesthesia during the extraction procedure. The study also intends to determine the incidence of positive aspiration in the infiltration technique. This randomized clinical study was carried out on 154 patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences & Hospital Bangalore, requiring extraction of maxillary second and third molar teeth. The patients received anesthesia using the conventional nerve block technique and infiltration technique randomly on each side of the mouth. Patients were assessed for pain during the injection, after extraction, and after 15mins of the procedure with each technique using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were also assessed for pain using the Verbal Response Scale (VRS). The positive aspiration was assessed for each technique. During tooth extraction, quality of anesthesia was assessed using an eight-point category rating scale. The results obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test. It was concluded that the buccal infiltration technique is less painful for the patient as compared to the posterior superior alveolar nerve block. This technique has a lower frequency of positive aspiration as compared with the PSA nerve block. However, the PSA nerve block technique provides better-quality of anesthesia. It can be concluded that the infiltration technique appears to be a successful alternative with additional advantages, as compared to the nerve block technique.
A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RELAPSE DRUG ADDICTS IN BALOCHISTAN
Authors: Bashir Siraj , Siddiqui Mahreen , Muneera Muneera , Naudhani Tahira , Ali Shakir 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to investigate the socioeconomic and psychological variables, health conditions, social contacts, and living conditions of relapsed drug users. Methodology: A total of 100 participants were chosen for this study using purposive sampling and the snowball sampling approach of non-probability selection, and the data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches. For frequency and percentage data analysis, the quantitative approach was utilized, and the data were analyzed using chi-square. Main Findings: According to the study, the majority of relapsed drug addicts face socioeconomic and psychological obstacles in their lives since becoming relapsed drug addicts, as well as mental illnesses such as stress. Their family members, friends, and neighbors have a negative attitude toward them. According to this study, the increased risk of drug addiction in society is caused by a lack of understanding about drug usage and its effects. Applications of the study: This study will assist governments in taking harsh actions against drug traffickers and allowing the rule of law to be enforced by expanding police work. Novelty/Originality of the study: The study suggestions will raise awareness of the dangers and psychological effects of drug use to understand and prevent the consequences of their use.
The Implementation of the Main Duties and Functions of the School Principal for the Computer-Based National Assessment
Authors: Riawan I Nyoman 
Published: July 2023

A principal is a teacher who is given the additional duty of being the highest leader in an educational institution and has to be responsible for everything related to the smooth running of the school for the realization of the school's goals. Furthermore, the main duties and functions of the principal are the primary obligations of a person who serves as a school principal to achieve national education goals, especially the ANBK [Computer-Based National Assessment] implementation at the elementary school level. This research aimed to analyze and describe the implementation of the main duties and functions of the school principal in the 2021 ANBK in Gugus V SD Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. This research used a qualitative method. In collecting data, the researcher used observation, interviews, and documents. The research results showed the main duties and functions of the school principal for the ANBK are managerial, entrepreneurial, and supervisory.