bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cabbage cultivars with varying levels of resistance to aphids on the performance of the parasitoid, Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Kalule T. , Wright D.J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of aphid resistance in plant cultivars on parasitism of Myzus persicae(Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) by Aphidius colemaniViereck was investigated under laboratory conditions using three cultivars of common cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Significantly greater aphid populations were found on cv. Derby Day (green-leaved, susceptible to both aphid species), regardless of the presence or absence of parasitoids, compared with cv. Minicole (green-leaved, partially resistant with antibiosis factors for B. brassicae) or cv. Ruby Ball (red-leaved, partially resistant with antixenosis factors for B. brassicae). Minicole had the greatest proportion of parasitized aphids and Derby Day the least. A significantly lower percentage of emerged parasitoids were recorded on Minicole for both aphid species compared with Derby Day and Ruby Ball. The implication of the results are discussed in relation to the integrated control of aphids.
Status of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), its host plants and natural enemies in Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Y. , Conlong D.E. , Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurveys for sugarcane stem borers were undertaken in Ethiopia to determine the prevalence and distribution of these and their natural enemies in crops and indigenous host plants. Eldana saccharina Walker was not recovered from sugarcane, but was present in three indigenous wetland sedges, Cyperus papyrus, C. fastigiatus and C. dives in the southern, central and northern part of the country. The latter indigenous host plant was present in waterways adjacent to sugarcane on the commercial sugar estates. The tachinids Schembria eldanae Barraclough and Actia sp. were common parasitoids of E. saccharina larvae in these indigenous sedges. The braconid Dolichogenidea sp. was recovered from E. saccharina larvae in C. dives. Pathogens comprising Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis and Entomophthora sp., were found to be important mortality factors of E. saccharina larvae in the indigenous sedges. The occurrence of E. saccharina in Ethiopia is reported for the first time, and the host plant preferences of the borer and its indigenous natural enemies found during the surveys are recorded. In addition, its potential threat to sugarcane production in Ethiopia is discussed.
Synchrotron emitting Komissarov torus around naked singularities
Authors: Prada-Méndez German D , Lora-Clavijo F D , Velásquez-Cadavid J M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From a theoretical perspective, matter accretion processes around compact objects are highly relevant as they serve as a natural laboratory to test general relativity in the strong field regime. This enables us to validate fundamental concepts such as the no-hair theorem, the cosmic censorship hypothesis, and the existence of alternative solutions to Einstein’s equations that mimic the effects of black holes. In this study, we analyze the emission spectra of geometrically thick accretion disks, referred to as Polish doughnuts, around naked singularities described by the q-metric. To begin, we revisit the construction of equilibrium configurations of magnetized tori in this spacetime and evaluate the role of the deformation parameter over these configurations. Once we have systematically studied the disks in this spacetime, we use the OSIRIS code to perform a backward ray-tracing method, resulting in the first simulations of the intensity map and emission profiles of magnetized tori within this metric. Furthermore, we validate the effect of both the quadrupole moment and the angular momentum on observable quantities such as flux and intensity for optically thin and thick disks, since for values of q < 0, which correspond to objects with prolate deformation, and which in turn, are constructed with higher values of angular momentum, the emission spectrum exhibits higher intensity than that obtained for Schwarzschild’s spacetime. Hence, we find a first differential feature that distinguishes tori formed around naked singularities from those around static black holes.
Energy conditions for non-timelike thin shells
Authors: Maeda Hideki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study energy conditions for non-timelike thin shells in arbitraryn(⩾3)dimensions. It is shown that the induced energy–momentum tensortμνon a shell Σ is of the Hawking–Ellis type I if Σ is spacelike and either of type I, II, or III if Σ is null. Then, we derive simple equivalent representations of the standard energy conditions fortμν. In particular, on a spacelike shell or on a null shell with non-vanishing surface current,tμνinevitably violates the dominant energy condition. If the surface pressure on the null shell is vanishing in addition,tμνis of type III and violates all the standard energy conditions. Those fully general results are obtained without imposing a spacetime symmetry and can be used in any theory of gravity. Lastly, several applications of the main results are presented in general relativity in four dimensions.
Bayesian inversion with α-stable priors
Authors: Suuronen Jarkko , Soto Tomás , Chada Neil K , Roininen Lassi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose using Lévy α-stable distributions to construct priors for Bayesian inverse problems. The construction is based on Markov fields with stable-distributed increments. Special cases include the Cauchy and Gaussian distributions, with stability indices α = 1, and α = 2, respectively. Our target is to show that these priors provide a rich class of priors for modeling rough features. The main technical issue is that the α-stable probability density functions lack closed-form expressions, and this limits their applicability. For practical purposes, we need to approximate probability density functions through numerical integration or series expansions. For Bayesian inversion, the currently available approximation methods are either too time-consuming or do not function within the range of stability and radius arguments. To address the issue, we propose a new hybrid approximation method for symmetric univariate and bivariate α-stable distributions that is both fast to evaluate and accurate enough from a practical viewpoint. In the numerical implementation of α-stable random field priors, we use the constructed approximation method. We show how the constructed priors can be used to solve specific Bayesian inverse problems, such as the deconvolution problem and the inversion of a function governed by an elliptic partial differential equation. We also demonstrate hierarchical α-stable priors in the one-dimensional deconvolution problem. For all numerical examples, we use maximum a posteriori estimation. To that end, we exploit the limited-memory BFGS and its bounded variant for the estimator.
Visualization of dynamic metastable states evolution in TiO2 memristor during electroforming by electroluminescence
Authors: Cao Xinyu , Meng Yang , Wang Li , Wang Zhen , Zhao Hongwu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The electroforming process, transforming a homogeneous insulating oxide into localized conductive filaments, is crucial for memristive devices. However, it is still unclear how the intermediate phases develop microscopically throughout the transient forming process. Here, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition in the conductive region of TiO2 memristors during electroforming. Synchronous electroluminescence emission and transport measurements demonstrate that the application of pulse fields primarily causes a gradual reduction in the conducting area, accompanied by the reversible field-dependent evolution of metastable phases at the cathode region. As a result of positive feedback between the lateral gradient of oxygen vacancies and the electric field, the self-reinforcing process eventually facilitates the final filament generation. This study offers insights into the physical mechanisms governing the metastable phase evolution during electroforming and raises implications for optimizing the forming process of memristive devices.
Phononic crystals for Love waves based on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Shu-Mao , Yu Si-Yuan , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a type of surface acoustic wave (SAW) phononic crystals based on thin-film lithium niobate (LN). They are created by forming micro-pillar or micro-well structures on the LN, resulting in significant Rayleigh and Love SAW bandgaps. Especially for Love waves, they offer an irreplaceable advantage because they overcome the inability of conventional electrodes to reflect Love waves effectively. This enables the creation of high-quality, compact, high electromechanical coupling coefficient, stable and power-resistant acoustic resonators based on Love waves, potentially leading to a new generation of high-performance SAW filters and sensors. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of such phononic crystals using xy-cut LN-on-SiC. However, it is worth noting that other piezoelectric materials such as lithium tantalate can also be used instead of LN, and high acoustic velocity substrates such as sapphire and diamond can be substituted for SiC.
Statistics of the cuprate pairon states on a square lattice
Authors: Noat Yves , Mauger Alain , Sacks William 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper the fundamental parameters of high-Tc
superconductivity are shown to be connected to the statistics of pairons (hole pairs in their antiferromagnetic (AF) environment) on a square lattice. In particular, we study the density fluctuations and the distribution of the area surrounding each pairon on the scale of the AF correlation length

ξ

A
F

, for the complete range of hole concentration. We show that the key parameters of the phase diagram, the Tc
dome, and the pseudogap (PG) temperature

T
∗

, emerge from the statistical properties of the pairon disordered state. In this approach, the superconducting and the PG states appear as inseparable phenomena. The condensation energy, which fixes the critical temperature, is directly proportional to the correlation energy between pairons and not to the energy gap, contrary to conventional superconductors. When the correlation energy between pairons is suppressed by fluctuations, either thermally, by disorder, or in the vortex core, the PG state of disordered pairons is obtained. We attribute the unique features of cuprate superconductivity to this order–disorder transition in real space, which clearly differs from the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer mechanism. Our predictions are in quantitative agreement with low-temperature tunneling and photoemission spectroscopy experiments.
Multi-component delocalized nonlinear vibrational modes in nickel
Authors: Bachurina O V , Murzaev R T , Shcherbinin S A , Kudreyko A A , Dmitriev S V , Bachurin D V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Delocalized nonlinear vibrational modes (DNVMs) are relatively new dynamical objects that can be used for testing interatomic potentials and for classification and finding new types of discrete breathers. In this work, for the first time, multi-component DNVMs in a single crystal of fcc nickel are studied using molecular dynamics method. Previously discovered two one-component DNVMs are used to construct and investigate properties of all possible two- and three-component superpositions. A quasi-periodic energy exchange between components in multi-component DNVMs is described. If the amplitudes of the one-component DNVMs in a superposition differ by less than four times, then an equivalent energy exchange between them is observed. Otherwise, an unequal energy exchange takes place, i.e. when the high-amplitude component gives up only a part of its energy leading to a slight increase in the amplitude of another component. The DNVMs consisting of two- and three-components have a lifetime of more than 10 ps as long as the initial atomic amplitudes do not exceed 0.08 Å. An increase in the initial amplitude leads to a substantial decrease in the lifetime due to the rapidly developing modulational instability. Some superpositions of modes with the same initial amplitudes of the components can transform into a one-component DNVM, while others remain multi-component ones. The results obtained in this work demonstrate the existence of multi-component DNVMs, being a superposition of two or three components, which significantly expands our understanding of their dynamics in an fcc lattice.
Deep learning-based dose map prediction for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Li Zhen , Yang Zhenyu , Lu Jiayu , Zhu Qingyuan , Wang Yanxiao , Zhao Mengli , Li Zhaobin , Fu Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background. Creating a clinically acceptable plan in the time-sensitive clinic workflow of brachytherapy is challenging. Deep learning-based dose prediction techniques have been reported as promising solutions with high efficiency and accuracy. However, current dose prediction studies mainly target EBRT which are inappropriate for brachytherapy, the model designed specifically for brachytherapy has not yet well-established. Purpose. To predict dose distribution in brachytherapy using a novel Squeeze and Excitation Attention Net (SE_AN) model. Method. We hypothesized the tracks of 192Ir inside applicators are essential for brachytherapy dose prediction. To emphasize the applicator contribution, a novel SE module was integrated into a Cascaded UNet to recalibrate informative features and suppress less useful ones. The Cascaded UNet consists of two stacked UNets, with the first designed to predict coarse dose distribution and the second added for fine-tuning 250 cases including all typical clinical applicators were studied, including vaginal, tandem and ovoid, multi-channel, and free needle applicators. The developed SE_AN was subsequently compared to the classic UNet and classic Cascaded UNet (without SE module) models. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the predicted dose against the clinically approved plans using mean absolute error (MAE) of DVH metrics, including D
2cc and D
90%. Results. The MAEs of DVH metrics demonstrated that SE_AN accurately predicted the dose with 0.37 ± 0.25 difference for HRCTV D
90%, 0.23 ± 0.14 difference for bladder D
2cc, and 0.28 ± 0.20 difference for rectum D
2cc. In comparison studies, UNet achieved 0.34 ± 0.24 for HRCTV, 0.25 ± 0.20 for bladder, 0.25 ± 0.21 for rectum, and Cascaded UNet achieved 0.42 ± 0.31 for HRCTV, 0.24 ± 0.19 for bladder, 0.23 ± 0.19 for rectum. Conclusion. We successfully developed a method specifically for 3D brachytherapy dose prediction. Our model demonstrated comparable performance to clinical plans generated by experienced dosimetrists. The developed technique is expected to improve the standardization and quality control of brachytherapy treatment planning.
Haralick texture analysis for microdosimetry: characterization of Monte Carlo generated 3D specific energy distributions
Authors: Mansour Iymad R , Thomson Rowan M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Explore the application of Haralick textural analysis to 3D distributions of specific energy (energy imparted per unit mass) scored in cell-scale targets considering varying mean specific energy (absorbed dose), target volume, and incident spectrum. Approach. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate specific energy distributions in cell-scale water voxels ((1 μm)3–(15 μm)3) irradiated by photon sources (mean energies: 0.02–2 MeV) to varying mean specific energies (10–400 mGy). Five Haralick features (homogeneity, contrast, entropy, correlation, local homogeneity) are calculated using an implementation of Haralick analysis designed to reduce sensitivity to grey level quantization and are interpreted using fundamental radiation physics. Main results. Haralick measures quantify differences in 3D specific energy distributions observed with varying voxel volume, absorbed dose magnitude, and source spectrum. For example, specific energy distributions in small (1–3 μm) voxels with low magnitudes of absorbed dose (10 mGy) have relatively high measures of homogeneity and local homogeneity and relatively low measures of contrast and entropy (all relative to measures for larger voxels), reflecting the many voxels with zero specific energy in an otherwise sporadic distribution. With increasing target size, energy is shared across more target voxels, and trends in Haralick measures, such as decreasing homogeneity and increasing contrast and entropy, reflect characteristics of each 3D specific energy distribution. Specific energy distributions for sources of differing mean energy are characterized by Haralick measures, e.g. contrast generally decreases with increasing source energy, correlation and homogeneity are often (not always) higher for higher energy sources. Significance. Haralick texture analysis successfully quantifies spatial trends in 3D specific energy distributions characteristic of radiation source, target size, and absorbed dose magnitude, thus offering new avenues to quantify microdosimetric data beyond first order histogram features. Promising future directions include investigations of multiscale tissue models, targeted radiation therapy techniques, and biological response to radiation.
Taste perception of oligosaccharides derived from pullulan
Authors: Damani Shashwat , Penner Michael H , Lim Juyun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent studies indicate that humans can taste starch hydrolysis products (i.e. maltooligosaccharides; MOS). However, the structural specificity of oligosaccharides that elicit such perception is not known. This study investigated taste perception of pullulan-derived oligosaccharides (PDOS) that are structurally similar to MOS, but differ in that every third glycosidic linkage in PDOS is α-1,6, rather than α-1,4. Three food-grade PDOS stimuli were produced by limited-enzyme hydrolysis of pullulan. The resulting products were stimuli with degree of polymerization (DP) of 3, 6, and 9. Subjects discriminated all 3 stimuli from blanks at a significant level (P &lt; 0.00001) in the absence of lactisole, a sweet taste inhibitor. In the presence of lactisole, the subjects could not detect DP 3 at a significant level (P &gt; 0.05), but were able to detect DP 6 and 9 (P &lt; 0.005), although the degree of detectability dropped significantly (P &lt; 0.05). In a follow-up qualitative study, subjects made the target stimuli and glucose into 2 groups (glucose/DP 3 vs. DP 6/DP 9) and characterized both groups as mostly “sweet” with having different sweetness intensity. With lactisole, they described glucose and DP 3 as “taste like blank” (lactisole water) and found it challenging to describe DP 6 and 9 stimuli due to their subtle nature. These results suggest that taste perception of PDOS primarily depends on the sweet taste receptor, although they may elicit other sensory attributes; this is strikingly different from the reported taste of MOS. The potential impact of structural configuration on taste perception is further discussed.
The significance of general data protection regulation in the compliant data contribution to the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Brunelli Alessandro , Batirel Hasan , Furak Jozsef , Passani Stefano , Szanto Zalan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), enacted in the European Union in 2018, has significantly transformed the landscape of personal data management and protection. This article provides an overview of GDPR's impact, focusing on its applicability, fundamental principles and influence on data management practices, particularly within the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) database.
GDPR's reach extends to all entities collecting and processing personal data of European Union residents, regardless of their location. It encompasses various data types, emphasizing meticulous handling and protection of identifiable information. Special categories of data, such as health and sensitive attributes, require even more stringent protection. The regulation sets legal, fair and transparent data processing principles, emphasizing accuracy, purpose limitation and data minimization. It also stresses accountability, leading to the appointment of Data Protection Officers and significant penalties for non-compliance.
The ESTS database, designed to enhance thoracic surgical research and care, collects data on European procedures. It follows GDPR principles by pseudonymizing data, ensuring secure data transmission and providing clear instructions for data submission. The database contributes to research, policymaking and practice improvement in thoracic surgery by offering a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Here, we aim to shed light on the complexities of GDPR implementation and emphasize the need for comprehensive data management strategies to ensure compliance and enhance privacy protection with the contribution to the ESTS database.
GDPR compliance comes with challenges, including potential human dignity and privacy rights violations. Data breaches can result in unauthorized disclosures, and non-compliance can lead to substantial fines and reputational damage. The implementation of GDPR encourages organizations to prioritize ethical data practices, security measures and transparent data handling.
In conclusion, GDPR has revolutionized personal data protection by emphasizing accountability, transparency and individual rights. It has impacted organizations globally, promoting responsible data management practices. Adhering to GDPR ensures privacy protection, trust-building and overall enhancement of data management in today's data-driven environment.
Quantifying the Contribution of Work Characteristics to Educational Disparities in Health-Induced Work Limitations
Authors: Abrams Leah R , Berkman Lisa F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To quantify how poor health and inhospitable working conditions each contribute to educational disparities in work disability in midlife and old age.

Methods
We used the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2016) to examine educational disparities in reporting “any impairment or health problem that limits the kind or amount of paid work” in ages 51–80.

Results
We found disparities to be profound and persistent over time. Blinder–Oaxaca threefold decomposition revealed that distributions of income and employer insurance made the largest contribution to explaining different rates of work limitations among respondents with versus without high school degrees, followed by work characteristics (physical job demands, insufficient hours) and health conditions (diabetes, lung disease). Comparing respondents with high school versus college degrees, distributions of health conditions mattered most (high blood pressure, lung disease, heart disease, stroke), followed by health behaviors (smoking, drinking). Health-induced work limitations are often used as a measure of health, but we found that work characteristics explained 57% of the disadvantage of those without a high school degree and 44% of the disadvantage of high school compared to college graduates.

Discussion
Work environments appear to play an important role in educational disparities in mid- to late-life disability.