bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do birds of a feather flock together? Patterns of ethnolinguistic group representation in the Brussels Capital Region
Authors: Blanckaert Benjamin , Caluwaerts Didier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsociational democracy is commonly discussed through the assumed premise of co‐ethnic group representation whereby representatives are institutionally incentivized to represent co‐ethnic interests. However, little attention has been paid to the process of group representation in consociations, in particular the link between descriptive and substantive ethnic group representation. This article considers representative claim‐making on behalf of ethnolinguistic groups in the Brussels Capital Region (Belgium), which is politically divided into Dutch and French speakers. Brussels constitutes an interesting case, because while we would expect co‐ethnic claim‐making to be the norm, Brussels MPs also receive electoral incentives to make representative claims on behalf of the other ethnolinguistic group (i.e., cross‐ethnic claim‐making). Based on a quantitative analysis of representative claims in parliamentary documents (2009–2019) from the Brussels Parliament, we find that cross‐ethnic claim‐making remains limited compared to co‐ethnic claim‐making, and that Dutch speakers and ethnic outbidders are more likely to speak on behalf of co‐ethnics.
How is the platform a workplace? Moving from sites to infrastructure
Authors: Richardson Lizzie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlatforms indicate a partial but critical shift from the workplace as site to the workplace as infrastructure. Instead of focusing on platforms as mediators of labour, this article asks: how is the platform a workplace? Platforms involve a distinctive geography, creating flexible space that challenges clear distinctions between the inside and outside of the workplace and its action. It is this issue of the location of the structure for action in platformised work that is the problem of infrastructure. Infrastructure, as studies in information work have demonstrated, exists through practices that resolve the tensions between broader structures for activity and specific enactments. The implications of this workplace infrastructure approach have not yet been fully addressed in contemporary social science research on platforms and work. The article begins by outlining how workplaces are not simply sites where work occurs but rather contingently structure work. It then shows how infrastructure names the socio‐technical constitution of this contingent structuring of workplaces, which allows both standardisation and flexibility in information work. These two insights are combined in the infrastructural qualities of platforms that produce workplaces as contingent structures, with the socio‐technical practices of arrangement and coordination as the spatial drivers of workplace flexibility. As infrastructure, the platform workplace is understood as compositor of work; its parameters shape the occurrence of working activity, at the same time as work taking place also alters the parameters of the workplace. This infrastructural approach illuminates other agencies shaping work beyond employer and employee, in turn implying that the study of platform workplaces as infrastructure can shed light on the functioning of contemporary economic activities beyond work.
The effect of two platelet‐rich plasma aspiration techniques on plasma cellular concentrations using a double syringe gravitational centrifugation system
Authors: Jones Rachel L. , Frederick Steven W. , Cross Alan R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify which aspiration technique increased plasma platelet concentration and which technique minimized plasma leukocyte and erythrocyte concentrations using a gravitational double‐syringe platelet rich plasma (PRP) system.Study designControlled laboratory study.AnimalsThirty adult dogs.MethodsWhole blood was collected into two autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) syringes and an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA tube) (control samples). The ACP syringes were centrifuged for 5 min at 1500 rpm. The proximal 2 mL of plasma from one ACP syringe was deposited in an EDTA tube (preflash samples). Plasma from the second ACP syringe was withdrawn until the buffy coat was pierced, producing a “flash” of red blood cells, agitated and deposited into an EDTA tube (flash samples). Complete blood counts were performed.ResultsMean plasma platelet concentrations of the control, preflash, and flash samples were 2.4 × 105/dL, 3.3 × 105/dL and 4.1 × 105/dL, respectively. The mean platelet concentration of the flash samples was 7.9 × 104/dL higher than the preflash samples (p = .005). The mean platelet concentration was lower in the control samples than the preflash (p = .002) and flash (p < .0001) samples. The median plasma leukocyte concentration of the preflash samples (0/dL) was lower than in the flash samples (2.4 × 103/dL) (p = .001). The median plasma hematocrit value of the preflash samples (0%) was lower than in the flash samples (1.0%) (p = .002).ConclusionThe flash method is not necessary to produce a PRP sample.Clinical significanceBoth methods produced PRP. However, clinicians should avoid aspirating the buffy coat when processing PRP for therapies where leukocytes and erythrocytes are contraindicated.
Future‐time reference in world Englishes
Authors: Bohmann Axel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the first large‐scale multivariate analysis of future‐time reference (FTR) variation in world Englishes. On the basis of 7,922 hand‐coded tokens from eight corpora of the International Corpus of English suite, the study probes the effect of eight predictor variables on the choice between will and BE going to (BGT) as FTR markers. Statistically significant effects for all conditioning variables except polarity are found, as well as two significant interaction terms involving modality. By contrast, the predictor variety enters the model only as a main effect, but is not involved in any interactions. This is interpreted as a sign of strong unity in the system of FTR variation in English world‐wide. At the theoretical level, the paper argues for a stronger focus on such tendencies towards unity among global varieties of English.
The World Turned Outside In: Settler Colonial Studies and Political Economy
Authors: Davies Jack 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article criticises the political-economic analysis of settler colonial studies, which it draws out through an immanent critique of its most famous practitioners. It then offers a critical genealogy of the wider theoretical trend that secures it: the post-Cold War vogue of asserting the ever-increasing centrality of primitive accumulation in global capitalism – what we might term a mode of predation. Finally, it teases out the tensions and confusions in the reliance of settler colonial studies upon Marx’s concept of surplus populations, as well as problems abounding in Patrick Wolfe’s ‘logic of elimination’. Overall, it argues that the frequent claim that we inhabit a global settler modernity cannot be sustained through these notions, and that this claim is profoundly moral and academic, lacking political and analytical value. The insistence on the durability of settler colonialism amounts, in this literature, to a claim on behalf of settler colonial studies itself.
“Damit siegt Hrabanus mühelos über Apelles”
Authors: Endrődi Gábor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The first printed edition of the Liber sanctae crucis by Hrabanus Maurus, published in 1503 in Pforzheim, was a milestone in the reception history of the Carolingian figured poems, and a typographic and philological masterpiece as well. This article argues for considering Johannes Reuchlin as the principal initiator of the publication. This sheds new light on the excursus about the cross in Reuchlin’s De verbo mirifico and De arte cabalistica. Reuchlin’s theory of the miracle-working word implies a Cabbalistic-Pythagorean exegesis of the cross as a complement, which he left unelaborated. In view of this hiatus, Hrabanus’ figured poems on the cross might have appeared particularly promising for the humanist, both on grounds of their compositional methods and contents. Besides the demonstration of these affinities, the article provides an analysis of Reuchlin’s introductory poem to the edition, which confirms that he regarded the cycle of figured poems as a prospective source for his Christian Cabbala.
Determining the Efficacy of Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Management in T3M0 Laryngeal Cancer With Cord Fixation
Authors: Ideker Henry C. , Walker Ronald J. , Mazul Angela , Massa Sean T. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Survival of laryngeal cancer is decreasing; thus, optimal treatment selection is paramount. Specifically, T3 disease survival appears similar with surgical or non-surgical management; however, the implications of vocal cord fixation on treatment selection and survival are unknown. This study seeks to determine if surgical treatment of patients with T3M0 laryngeal cancer with vocal cord fixation is associated with superior survival compared to non-surgical treatment. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all T3M0 laryngeal carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2015, whose treatment included surgery or radiation therapy. Cases were stratified by cord fixation status and overall survival was compared using multivariable methods based on surgical versus non-surgical management. Results: Non-surgical management was more common, regardless of cord fixation status (84% in fixed and 79% in mobile). Cord fixation itself did not influence survival; however, surgical management had a significant survival benefit in the fixed cohort (HR = 0.843; 95% CI: 0.738, 0.962). Conclusion: In this large observational cohort study of T3M0 laryngeal cancer, those with fixed cords had superior survival when managed surgically.
Country and community vs poverty and conflict: Teasing apart the key demographic and psychosocial resilience and risk factors for Indigenous clinic-referred children and adolescents
Authors: Vance Alasdair , McGaw Janet , Winther Jo , White Selena , Gone Joseph P , Eades Sandra 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Indigenous young people are known to have adverse demographic and psychosocial factors affecting worse mental health outcomes and some household factors aiding resilience. In Australia, there has been no exploration of these factors in clinically referred Indigenous young people assessed in a culturally appropriate way. Methods: A total of 113 Indigenous children and adolescents, 217 non-Indigenous young people, age, gender, mental disorder symptom severity, symptom-linked distress and impairment matched, and 112 typically developing participants, age- and gender-matched were recruited. Cultural validity and reliability of the impairing symptoms in Indigenous young people were determined. Key demographic and psychosocial factors were compared across the three groups. Results: The Indigenous clinical group differed significantly from the other two groups that did not differ on three possibly protective measures examined. Key demographic and psychosocial risk factors in the Indigenous group differed significantly from the non-Indigenous clinical group which in turn differed from the typically developing participants. The three groups exhibited a progressively increased magnitude of difference. Conclusions: It remains imperative to nurture features that provide protection and enhance resilience for Indigenous young people and their communities. Indigenous status is linked to significant demographic and psychosocial disadvantage over and above that conferred by clinical impairment and its management. It is crucial that these features are managed and/or advocated for with those demographic and psychosocial factors of the greatest magnitude dealt with first. Future systematic investigations of the contribution of these key factors to mental health referral pathways, assessment and management are needed.
Trends and Opportunities: Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Seroprevalence, and Vaccination Coverage—United States, 1976-2020
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G. , Yin Shaoman , Nelson Noele P. , Weng Mark K. , Gupta Neil 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The incidence of hepatitis A declined in the United States following the introduction of hepatitis A vaccines, before increasing in the setting of recent widespread outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission. We describe the hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States, identify susceptible populations over time, and demonstrate the need for improved hepatitis A vaccination coverage, especially among adults at increased risk for hepatitis A. Methods: We calculated the hepatitis A incidence rates for sociodemographic characteristics and percentages for risk factors and clinical outcomes for hepatitis A cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during 1990-2020. We generated nationally representative estimates and 95% CIs of hepatitis A seroprevalence during 1976–March 2020 and self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage during 1999–March 2020 for the noninstitutionalized civilian US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: Overall, the rate per 100 000 population of reported cases of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States declined 17.3-fold, from 10.4 during 1990-1998 to 0.6 during 2007-2015, and then increased to 2.8 during 2016-2020. The overall hepatitis A seroprevalence in the United States increased from 38.2% (95% CI, 36.2%-40.1%) during 1976-1980 to 47.3% (95% CI, 45.4%-49.2%) during 2015–March 2020. The prevalence of self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage in the United States increased more than 2.5-fold, from 16.3% (95% CI, 15.0%-17.7%) during 1999-2006 to 41.9% (95% CI, 40.2%-43.7%) during 2015–March 2020. Conclusions: Hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States changed substantially during 1976-2020. Improved vaccination coverage, especially among adults recommended for vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, is vital to stop current hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission in the United States and prevent similar future recurrences.
Virtual patient simulation in undergraduate emergency medicine education during COVID-19: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Law Alex Kwok Keung , Hung Kevin Kei Ching , James Kirstin Stuart , Kelly Anne-Maree , Graham Colin A 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To examine whether a 2-week or 4-week virtual patient simulation program can improve clinical competence for undergraduate emergency medicine education during COVID-19. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted between October and December 2021. Final-year medical students were randomized into a 2-week short exposure group and a 4-week long exposure group on a 1:1 allocation. They were assessed using a virtual case with structured scoring system before and after the virtual patient simulation learning program. An end-of-program questionnaire on learners’ perceptions was also administered. Results: A total of 138 students were recruited. After the virtual patient simulation program, the virtual case score increment in the long exposure group was significantly higher than in the short exposure group with a mean score difference of 18/100 (95% confidence interval = 9.8 to 26.3). Questionnaire showed generally positive perceptions toward the use of virtual patient simulation program for emergency medicine teaching. Conclusion: Virtual reality learning of 2 and 4 weeks’ duration may be beneficial for improving emergency medicine clinical competence for final-year medical students, especially during periods of limited clinical exposure like the COVID-19 pandemic. A longer 4-week virtual patient simulation program may produce a better learning effect on clinical competence.
The role of mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the MARECAP retrospective study
Authors: Tommasi Chiara , Scartabellati Giulia , Giannarelli Diana , Giorgi Ugo De , Brighi Nicole , Fornarini Giuseppe , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Puglisi Silvia , Caffo Orazio , Kinspergher Stefania , Mennitto Alessia , Cattrini Carlo , Santoni Matteo , Verzoni Elena , Rametta Alessandro , Stellato Marco , Malgeri Andrea , Roviello Giandomenico , Brunelli Matteo , Buti Sebastiano 
Published: July 2023

Background: Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy represent the backbone treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. The aim of the present study was to describe mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) in mRCC patients treated with pazopanib or cabozantinib, and to explore their potential impact on oncological outcomes. Materials and methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study in mRCC patients treated with pazopanib or cabozantinib between January 2012 and December 2020 in nine Italian centers. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Objectives: The primary endpoints were the incidence and trend over time of anemia, macrocytosis (elevated MCV), and anisocytosis (elevated RDW). The secondary endpoints were the correlations of MCV and RDW with objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 301 patients were enrolled; mean Hb value was 12.5 g/dl, a mean increase of 1 g/dl was observed at day 15 and maintained at 3 months. Most patients had baseline macrocytosis (MCV levels > 87 fl), with a significant mean increase after 3 months of treatment. At univariate analysis patients with macrocytosis had better ORR, longer PFS, and OS. About one third of patients had baseline anisocytosis (RDW > 16%), with a significant mean increase after 3 months of treatment. At univariate analysis, patients with RDW values ⩽ 16% had higher ORR, longer PFS, and OS. At multivariate analysis, baseline macrocytosis was significantly associated with better PFS in patients treated with pazopanib and baseline anisocytosis with shorter OS in all patients. Conclusions: mRCC patients treated with pazopanib or cabozantinib may have baseline macrocytosis and anisocytosis. A significant increase of Hb, MCV, and RDW after TKIs start was observed. Baseline macrocytosis is positively correlated with PFS in patients treated with pazopanib and baseline anisocytosis affects survival of patients treated with TKIs.
Wearing masks to prevent one epidemic may mask another
Authors: Svetina Lucija , Košec Andro 
Published: July 2023

Background With attempts at lifting most COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, other common respiratory viruses have caused more health concern than in earlier seasons in pediatric populations. Objective To explore the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in a rebound in other respiratory viral pathogens, especially in light of general vaccination fatigue, COVID-19 boosters, and operational challenges in the healthcare system. Methods A research-based commentary supported with recent literature review. Findings Pandemic-related lockdowns in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand have created a significant population of susceptible young children without preexisting immunity due to lack of exposure during the colder months. Relying on NPIs for a prolonged period due to low vaccination rates may lead to increased respiratory infection susceptibility, especially among young children less than 5 years old. The key public health question is whether NPIs should be implemented in the long run and what are the long-term implications on the dynamics of endemic infections and population immunity. Discussion Prevention cannot be the only cure for any infectious disease, and long-term impact of NPIs depends on the dynamics of population susceptibility. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reinforced the importance of vaccination and the knowledge on vaccine use combined with NPIs will be of great value in controlling other known and unknown respiratory pathogens. Combining NPIs and vaccination is paramount in disease control, and the discussion on how to prevent collateral damage to sensitive populations while relaxing NPI-related measures should also merit attention.
Definition of hip displacement and dislocation by acetabular dysplasia in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Wang Nai Kuang , Shen Shih Hsien , Chen Brian Po Jung , Chang Chia Hsieh , Kuo Ken N 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The acetabulum interacts with the femoral head in daily activities and may exhibit structural changes in the presence of hip disorders. This study aims to redefine hip disorders in children with cerebral palsy by structural characteristics of the acetabulum in relation to the degree of the migration percentage. Methods: The clinical and radiographic data of 70 patients (36 males, 34 females; mean age 8.2 years) with spastic cerebral palsy were retrospectively analyzed. The acetabular structure was measured by the acetabular index on reconstructed three-dimensional computerized tomography for precision of measurement. Any significant change in acetabular index measured on the reconstructive computerized tomography related to every 10% increment of migration percentage was regarded as clinically significant in hip disorders. Results: The acetabular index measured on the reconstructive computerized tomography showed an increasing trend with the increment of migration percentage. The most significant acetabular index measured on the reconstructive computerized tomography change occurred between the 20%–29% and 30%–39% migration percentage groups (p < 0.001), suggesting that a migration percentage of 30% is the starting point of hip disorder. A significant increase in the posterolateral acetabular index measured on the reconstructive computerized tomography occurred in migration percentages >50%, indicating posterolateral acetabular dysplasia. Hips with migration percentages from 80% to 100% had consistent acetabular indexes measured on the reconstructive computerized tomography values, suggesting complete dislocation and no more contact and interaction between the femoral head and acetabular fossa. Conclusion: Structural characteristics in the acetabulum reflect hip dysfunction and potentially classify hip disorders. Results suggest the migration percentage 30% as a starting point of hip disorder and 80% as a turning point of hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy. Level of evidence: level IV, diagnostic study.