bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting congenital renal tract malformation genes using machine learning
Authors: Kabir Mitra , Stuart Helen M. , Lopes Filipa M. , Fotiou Elisavet , Keavney Bernard , Doig Andrew J. , Woolf Adrian S. , Hentges Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCongenital renal tract malformations (RTMs) are the major cause of severe kidney failure in children. Studies to date have identified defined genetic causes for only a minority of human RTMs. While some RTMs may be caused by poorly defined environmental perturbations affecting organogenesis, it is likely that numerous causative genetic variants have yet to be identified. Unfortunately, the speed of discovering further genetic causes for RTMs is limited by challenges in prioritising candidate genes harbouring sequence variants. Here, we exploited the computer-based artificial intelligence methodology of supervised machine learning to identify genes with a high probability of being involved in renal development. These genes, when mutated, are promising candidates for causing RTMs. With this methodology, the machine learning classifier determines which attributes are common to renal development genes and identifies genes possessing these attributes. Here we report the validation of an RTM gene classifier and provide predictions of the RTM association status for all protein-coding genes in the mouse genome. Overall, our predictions, whilst not definitive, can inform the prioritisation of genes when evaluating patient sequence data for genetic diagnosis. This knowledge of renal developmental genes will accelerate the processes of reaching a genetic diagnosis for patients born with RTMs.
A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics
Authors: Bogdanowicz Krzysztof A. , Lalik Sebastian , Ratajczyk Paulina , Katrusiak Andrzej , Krysiak Piotr , Pawłowska Agnieszka I. , Marzec Monika , Iwan Agnieszka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to its high electron affinity and electron mobility in a wide absorption range of the visible solar spectrum, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is often used as an efficient acceptor in organic photovoltaics. In turn, imines are additives to the active layer of organic solar cells, mainly due to the free electron pair of the imine nitrogen atom and the presence of various chemical groups affecting the polarity and conformations of molecules. However, the attainable efficiency is not as high as expected. Therefore, we have systematically investigated two imines and their mixtures with PC71BM by spectroscopic (the high pressure UV–Vis and frequency domain dielectric), thermoelectric, and mechanical methods for organic, flexible photovoltaics. Both the imines, (N,NʹE,N,NʹE)-N,Nʹ-([2,2ʹ:5ʹ,2ʺ-terthiophene]-5,5ʺ-diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine) (SC3) and (6E)-N-((5-(5-(5-((E)-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenamine (SC13), have the same core composed of three thiophene rings but different terminal chains of the molecules. In the imine SC3, the imine bond is followed by benzothiazole rings on both sides of the core, while in SC13, a thiazole ring separates two benzene rings, the terminal one F-substituted. The difference in molecular structure affects the electric properties of the neat imine and its mixed layers. An addition of PC71BM to the imines improves their electric conductivity. The mechanical studies focused on the stress at break and elongation showed superior behaviour compared to fullerene derivative. High pressure systematically reduces the band gap energy, Eg, from 1.68 eV at 0.16 GPa to 1.51 eV at 2.69 GPa for PC71BM, from 1.77 eV at 0.1 MPa to 1.53 eV at 4.15 GPa for SC3, and from 1.99 eV at 0.11 GPa to 1.8 eV at 3.10 GPa for SC13, as determined by the UV–Vis absorbance measurements in a diamond-anvil cell. These Eg reductions reflect the compressed intermolecular interactions that can be used to monitor the structural stability of these compounds. Based on the dielectric studies it was found that the relaxation processes registered for both imines are probably the grain boundary relaxation. Two processes also appear in the systems with PC71BM, but none of them is the one characteristic of imines. The high-frequency process has a dipole character while the low-frequency one is probably the grain boundary relaxation of these systems. The mechanism of quasi-DC conduction in various temperature ranges in the studied systems was also determined.
Mediating role of atherogenic lipoproteins in the relationship between liver fat and coronary artery calcification
Authors: Björnson Elias , Samaras Dimitrios , Adiels Martin , Kullberg Joel , Bäckhed Fredrik , Bergström Göran , Gummesson Anders 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). ApoB-containing lipoproteins include low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs); and since both LDLs and TRLs are causally related to CHD, they may mediate a portion of the increased risk of atherosclerosis seen in people with NAFLD. In a cohort of 4161 middle aged men and women, we performed mediation analysis in order to quantify the mediating effect of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the relationship between liver fat and atherosclerosis—as measured by coronary artery calcium score (CACS). We found plasma apoB to mediate 17.6% (95% CI 11–24) of the association between liver fat and CACS. Plasma triglycerides and TRL-cholesterol (both proximate measures of TRL particles) mediated 22.3% (95% CI 11–34) and 21.6% (95% CI 10–33) of the association respectively; whereas LDL-cholesterol mediated 5.4% (95% CI 2.0–9.4). In multivariable models, the mediating effect of TRL-cholesterol and plasma triglycerides showed, again, a higher degree of mediation than LDL-cholesterol, corroborating the results seen in the univariable models. In summary, we find around 20% of the association between liver fat and CACS to be mediated by apoB-containing lipoproteins. In addition, we find that TRLs mediate the majority of this effect whereas LDLs mediate a smaller effect. These results explain part of the observed CAD-risk burden for people with NAFLD and further suggest that TRL-lowering may be particularly beneficial to mitigate NAFLD-associated coronary artery disease risk.
Very high particulate pollution over northwest India captured by a high-density in situ sensor network
Authors: Singh Tanbir , Matsumi Yutaka , Nakayama Tomoki , Hayashida Sachiko , Patra Prabir K. , Yasutomi Natsuko , Kajino Mizuo , Yamaji Kazuyo , Khatri Pradeep , Takigawa Masayuki , Araki Hikaru , Kurogi Yuki , Kuji Makoto , Muramatsu Kanako , Imasu Ryoichi , Ananda Anamika , Arbain Ardhi A. , Ravindra Khaiwal , Bhardwaj Sanjeev , Kumar Sahil , Mor Sahil , Dhaka Surendra K. , Dimri A. P. , Sharma Aka , Singh Narendra , Bhatti Manpreet S. , Yadav Rekha , Vatta Kamal , Mor Suman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) is a cause of concern in cities and major emission regions of northern India. An intensive field campaign involving the states of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi national capital region (NCR) was conducted in 2022 using 29 Compact and Useful PM2.5 Instrument with Gas sensors (CUPI-Gs). Continuous observations show that the PM2.5 in the region increased gradually from < 60 µg m−3 in 6–10 October to up to 500 µg m−3 on 5–9 November, which subsequently decreased to about 100 µg m−3 in 20–30 November. Two distinct plumes of PM2.5 over 500 µg m−3 are tracked from crop residue burning in Punjab to Delhi NCR on 2–3 November and 10–11 November with delays of 1 and 3 days, respectively. Experimental campaign demonstrates the advantages of source region observations to link agricultural waste burning and air pollution at local to regional scales.
Topography and relationship-specific social touching in individuals displaying body image disturbances
Authors: Bellard Ashleigh , Mathew Jyothisa , Sun Wenhan , Denkow Linda , Najm Ali , Michael-Grigoriou Despina , Trotter Paula , McGlone Francis , Fairhurst Merle , Cazzato Valentina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterpersonal touch is intimately related to the emotional bond between the touch giver and the touch receiver. Which bodily regions we touch in those individuals in our social network is relationship specific. Perception of interpersonal touch is altered in psychiatric disorders characterised by body image disturbances (BIDs). Here, we examined whether the ‘imagined’ experience of social touch in individuals with BIDs is body topography- and relationship-specific. By using an interactive media mobile App, the Virtual Touch Toolkit, high versus low levels of BIDs participants completed heatmaps of full-body virtual avatars, to indicate the body regions they find soothing/unpleasant to be touched by a loved one versus an acquaintance. Self-reports of interoceptive awareness and dysmorphic concerns were also measured. Overall, imagined touch was rated as the most soothing when received from a loved one, and also when this was delivered to ‘social’ body regions. The importance of the social relationship for the imagined tactile interactions was particularly evident for the high levels of BIDs group, with greater problems with interoceptive awareness predicting higher soothing touch ratings when this was received by a loved one. Despite the evidence that imagined bodily contacts between meaningful people is the most pleasant for socially acceptable bodily regions, our findings may suggest a greater sensitivity to relation-specific bodily patterns of social touch particularly in the high level of BIDs group. Heightened interoceptive awareness may also play a key role in this experience of bodily affective contacts. Future research for body-oriented therapy for BIDs is encouraged to systematically probe the efficacy of imagined social touch interaction protocols which use more plausible, ecological, scenarios where touch is delivered by loved ones and to socially acceptable bodily regions.
Construction and effectiveness evaluation of a knowledge-based infectious disease monitoring and decision support system
Authors: Wang Mengying , Jia Mo , Wei Zhenhao , Wang Wei , Shang Yafei , Ji Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo improve the hospital's ability to proactively detect infectious diseases, a knowledge-based infectious disease monitoring and decision support system was established based on real medical records and knowledge rules. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated using interrupted time series analysis. In the system, a monitoring and alert rule library for infectious diseases was generated by combining infectious disease diagnosis guidelines with literature and a real medical record knowledge map. The system was integrated with the electronic medical record system, and doctors were provided with various types of real-time warning prompts when writing medical records. The effectiveness of the system's alerts was analyzed from the perspectives of false positive rates, rule accuracy, alert effectiveness, and missed case rates using interrupted time series analysis. Over a period of 12 months, the system analyzed 4,497,091 medical records, triggering a total of 12,027 monitoring alerts. Of these, 98.43% were clinically effective, while 1.56% were invalid alerts, mainly owing to the relatively rough rules generated by the guidelines leading to several false alarms. In addition, the effectiveness of the system's alerts, distribution of diagnosis times, and reporting efficiency of doctors were analyzed. 89.26% of infectious disease cases could be confirmed and reported by doctors within 5 min of receiving the alert, and 77.6% of doctors could complete the filling of 33 items of information within 2 min, which is a reduction in time compared to the past. The timely reminders from the system reduced the rate of missed cases by doctors; the analysis using interrupted time series method showed an average reduction of 4.4037% in the missed-case rate. This study proposed a knowledge-based infectious disease decision support system based on real medical records and knowledge rules, and its effectiveness was verified. The system improved the management of infectious diseases, increased the reliability of decision-making, and reduced the rate of underreporting.
Chitinase of Trichoderma longibrachiatum for control of Aphis gossypii in cotton plants
Authors: Anwar Waheed , Amin Huma , Khan Hafiz Azhar Ali , Akhter Adnan , Bashir Uzma , Anjum Tehmina , Kalsoom Rabia , Javed Muhammad Asim , Zohaib Karamat Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChitinase-producing fungi have now engrossed attention as one of the potential agents for the control of insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi are used in different regions of the world to control economically important insects. However, the role of fungal chitinases are not well studied in their infection mechanism to insects. In this study, Chitinase of entomopathogenic fungi Trichoderma longibrachiatum was evaluated to control Aphis gossypii. For this purpose, fungal chitinase (Chit1) gene from the genomic DNA of T. longibrachiatum were isolated, amplified and characterised. Genomic analysis of the amplified Chit1 showed that this gene has homology to family 18 of glycosyl hydrolyses. Further, Chit1 was expressed in the cotton plant for transient expression through the Geminivirus-mediated gene silencing vector derived from Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus (CLCrV). Transformed cotton plants showed greater chitinase activity than control, and they were resistant against nymphs and adults of A. gossypii. About 38.75% and 21.67% mortality of both nymphs and adults, respectively, were observed by using Chit1 of T. longibrachiatum. It is concluded that T. longibrachiatum showed promising results in controlling aphids by producing fungal chitinase in cotton plants and could be used as an effective method in the future.
Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology clinic at the Jordan University Hospital
Authors: Al-Kuran Oqba , AL-Mehaisen Lama , Qasem Rawan , Alhajji Saja , Al-Abdulrahman Nour , Alfuzai Shaikha , Alshaheen Sara- , Al-Kuran Lena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ABO and D antigen status of red blood cells (Rh blood grouping systems) are important hematological classification systems that categorize blood groups according to the presence or absence of certain erythrocytic antigens. These antigens affect the outcomes of blood transfusions as well as various hematological and immunological diseases. We aimed to study ABO and Rh blood group distribution among pregnant women visiting the antenatal care clinic at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) in Amman, Jordan. A retrospective analysis of all pregnant women delivering at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH) between October 1, 2016, and September 31, 2021. ABO and D antigen status of red blood cells (Rh blood groups) were summarized and documented. 20,136 pregnant women data were analyzed, the O blood group was the most prevalent (n = 7840, 38.9%), followed by A (n = 7506, 37.3%). For the D antigen status, the Rh-positive (Rh+) category was the most common (n = 18,159, 90.2%). For the (O) blood group; O-Rh+ type was the most prevalent (90.1%). Determining the blood group type accurately helps eliminate the critical consequences of both ABO and Rh incompatibility and offers clinicians an opportunity to take timely prophylactic measures. In our analyses O and Rh+ blood groups were the most prevalent.
Highly effective removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with DBD-plasma-enhanced rice husks
Authors: Sahara Thera , Wongsawaeng Doonyapong , Ngaosuwan Kanokwan , Kiatkittipong Worapon , Hosemann Peter , Assabumrungrat Suttichai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdsorption is regarded as an efficient method to eliminate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from an aqueous solution. In the present investigation, an adsorbent based on rice husks (RHs) was successfully prepared by phosphoric acid (PA) activation and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment, and it was used to adsorb perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. The electrodes employed in the experiment were planar type. This research investigated RH surface properties and adsorption capacity before and after modification using DBD plasma. The results revealed that the He–O2 plasma modification introduced oxygen-containing functional groups and increased the PFOA removal efficiency. Increasing the oxygen content and total gas flow rate to 30 vol.% and 1.5 L/min, respectively, with 10 min of RH plasma treatment time at 100 W plasma discharge power enhanced the PFOA removal efficiency to 92.0%, while non-treated RH showed the removal efficiency of only 46.4%. The removal efficiency of the solution increased to 96.7% upon adjusting the pH to 4. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 565 mg/g when the Langmuir isotherm model was applied.
Quantifying physical insights cooperatively with exhaustive search for Bayesian spectroscopy of X-ray photoelectron spectra
Authors: Kumazoe Hiroyuki , Iwamitsu Kazunori , Imamura Masaki , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Mototake Yoh-ichi , Okada Masato , Akai Ichiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe analyzed the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of carbon 1s states in graphene and oxygen-intercalated graphene grown on SiC(0001) using Bayesian spectroscopy. To realize highly accurate spectral decomposition of the XPS spectra, we proposed a framework for discovering physical constraints from the absence of prior quantified physical knowledge, in which we designed the prior probabilities based on the found constraints and the physically required conditions. This suppresses the exchange of peak components during replica exchange Monte Carlo iterations and makes possible to decompose XPS in the case where a reliable structure model or a presumable number of components is not known. As a result, we have successfully decomposed XPS of one monolayer (1ML), two monolayers (2ML), and quasi-freestanding 2ML (qfs-2ML) graphene samples deposited on SiC substrates with the meV order precision of the binding energy, in which the posterior probability distributions of the binding energies were obtained distinguishably between the different components of buffer layer even though they are observed as hump and shoulder structures because of their overlapping.
Effect of whole-brain radiotherapy with platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with multiple metastases including brain metastases
Authors: Ryu Woo Kyung , Cha Hyung Keun , Kim Woochul , Lee Ha Young , Kim Hyun-Jung , Ryu Jeong-Seon , Lim Jun Hyeok 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend that cytotoxic chemotherapy be considered first in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with multiple metastases, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is not initially recommended even if brain metastases are present. However, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are less effective in brain metastases due to poor blood–brain barrier permeability. We investigated the effect of WBRT in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy on survival in NSCLC patients who were EGFR, ALK, and PD-L1 negative, had an ECOG PS of 2, and had multiple metastases including brain metastases. From January 2005 to December 2018, histologically confirmed NSCLC patients who were EGFR, ALK, and PD-L1 negative, had an ECOG PS of 2, and had multiple metastases including brain metastases were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups based on receiving WBRT prior to or concurrently with administration of first-line chemotherapeutic agents or receiving chemotherapy only. We compared intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS). Of the 240 NSCLC patients with brain metastases at diagnosis and an ECOG PS of 2, 67 patients were EGFR, ALK, and PD-L1 negative with multiple metastases including brain metastases. Among those patients, 43 (64.2%) received WBRT prior to or concurrently with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients who received WBRT prior to or concurrently with chemotherapy had better iPFS (7.7 months [4.8–10.6] vs. 3.5 months [2.1–4.9], p = 0.009) and OS (10.8 months [5.9–15.7] vs. 6.1 months [1.9–10.3], p = 0.038) than those who did not receive WBRT. In multivariate analyses, WBRT was significantly associated with iPFS (HR: 1.94 and 95% CI 1.11–3.40, p = 0.020) and OS (HR: 1.92 and 95% CI 1.08–3.42, p = 0.027). In NSCLC patients who are EGFR, ALK, and PD-L1 negative, have an ECOG PS of 2, and have multiple metastases including brain metastases, WBRT prior to or concurrently with chemotherapy could improve iPFS and OS. Therefore, the combination of WBRT with cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered in these patients.
Programmable nanophotonic planar resonator filter-absorber based on phase-change InSbTe
Authors: Oliveira Israel Alves , de Souza I. L. Gomes , Rodriguez-Esquerre V. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReconfigurable plasmonic-photonic electromagnetic devices have been incessantly investigated for their great ability to optically modulate through external stimuli to meet today's emerging needs, with chalcogenide phase-change materials being promising candidates due to their remarkably unique electrical and optics, enabling new perspectives in recent photonic applications. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable resonator using planar layers of stacked ultrathin films based on Metal-dielectric-PCM, which we designed and analyzed numerically by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The structure is based on thin films of Gold (Au), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and PCM (In3SbTe2) used as substrate. The modulation between the PCM phases (amorphous and crystalline) allows the alternation from the filter to the absorber structure in the infrared (IR) spectrum (1000–2500 nm), with an efficiency greater than 70% in both cases. The influence of the thickness of the material is also analyzed to verify tolerances for manufacturing errors and dynamically control the efficiency of transmittance and absorptance peaks. The physical mechanisms of field coupling and transmitted/absorbed power density are investigated. We also analyzed the effects on polarization angles for Transversal Electric (TE) and Transversal Magnetic (TM) polarized waves for both cases.