bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass tourism urban destinations and climate change in small islands: resilience to extreme rainfall in the Canary Islands
Authors: Ley Bosch Pablo , de Castro González Óscar , García Sánchez Francisco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Canary Islands are one of the main destinations for mass tourism in the European context, characterized by the absence of seasonality in tourist activity. Moreover, the level of activity increases during the winters, coinciding with a greater probability of extreme rainfall events, whose danger seems to be increasing as a result of climate change. Owing to its pronounced orography, the southern coast of the island of Gran Canaria houses several tourist settlements built along ravines and steeply sloping terrain. This scenario presents considerable risk because of spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The case of San Agustín, especially, serves to test the model of tourist urbanization along the hillside, demonstrating its high fragility in the face of extreme rainfall events. Especially owing to its importance in providing assistance in emergency situations, its vulnerability has been analyzed with regard to accessibility, which is entirely dependent on road mobility. The growth model of San Agustín serves as an example of mass tourism in small islands, allowing urban planners and designers to assess corrective measures based on managing its existing road infrastructure and open spaces right from the planning stage.
Moral Disagreement and Moral Education: What’s the Problem?
Authors: Balg Dominik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although initially plausible, the view that moral education should aim at the transmission of moral knowledge has been subject to severe criticism. In this context, one particularly prominent line of argumentation rests on the empirical observation that moral questions are subject to widespread and robust disagreement. In this paper, I would like to discuss the implications of moral disagreement for the goals of moral education in more detail. I will start by laying out the empirical and philosophical assumptions behind the idea that widespread and robust moral disagreement undermines the prospects of transmitting moral knowledge in educational settings. Having thus provided a specific interpretation of the epistemic dynamics behind this so-called ‘challenge of disagreement’, I will proceed by discussing its didactical implications. More specifically, I will defend two claims: first, I will argue that the challenge of disagreement is not an effective challenge, because it undermines the possibility of knowledge transfer only with respect to a limited set of moral propositions. Second, I will argue that the challenge of disagreement is not a specific challenge, because the epistemically destructive effects of moral disagreement also pose a challenge for other prominent accounts of moral education that were originally proposed as promising alternatives to knowledge transmission accounts. If convincing, my arguments show that knowledge transmission accounts of moral education are in a much better position than is usually expected to incorporate the fact that moral questions are notoriously controversial.
Forms and Functions of Aggression in Young Adults: The Polish Modified Version of the Peer Conflict Scale
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Mozgol Ludwika , Gajda Anna N. , Rode Magdalena , Biela Marta , Stalmach Kamila , Kuchta Weronika , Marsee Monica , Vagos Paula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe goal of the present study was an initial validation of the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) for Polish young adults (ages 18–30 years). The PCS measures two forms (overt and relational) and two functions (proactive and reactive) of aggression enabling multidimensional assessment of aggressive behavior in early adulthood. Study 1 (N =482) showed that the initially proposed 4-factor model provided the best fit for data, but the PCS required modifications which resulted in shortening of the measure. The modified version of the PCS was partially invariant by gender. Construct validity was examined through the analysis of gender differences and the investigation of the associations between forms and functions of aggression and emotion regulation strategies of cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. Study 2 (N = 220) confirmed the internal structure, reliability, convergent (by the examination of the associations with other measures of relational and overt aggression, and with the Dark Triad) and known-groups validity of the modified PCS. These initial results suggest that the modified PCS is a promising tool to assess aggression in young adults. However, there is a need of additional psychometric studies to further establish the internal structure and validity of this instrument.
Researcher capacity estimation based on the Q model: a generalized linear mixed model perspective
Authors: Forthmann Boris 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChance models of scientific creative productivity allow estimation of researcher capacity. One prominent such model is the Q model in which the impact of a scholarly work is modeled as a multiplicative function of researcher capacity and a potential impact (i.e., luck) parameter. Previous work estimated researcher capacity based on an approximation of the Q parameter. In this work, however, I outline how the Q model can be estimated within the framework of generalized linear mixed models. This way estimates of researcher capacity (and all other parameters of the Q model) are readily available and obtained by standard statistical software packages. Usage of such software further allows comparing different distributional assumptions and calculation of reliability of the Q parameter (i.e., researcher capacity). This is illustrated for a large dataset of multidisciplinary scientists (N = 20,296). The Poisson Q model was found to have negligibly better predictive accuracy than the original normal Q model. Reliability estimates revealed excellent reliability of Q estimates with conditional reliability being mostly in acceptable ranges. Reliability of Q parameter estimates further depended heavily on the number of publications of a scientist with reliability increasing with the number of papers. The future and limitations of the Q model in the context of researcher capacity estimation are thoroughly discussed.
Predictive policing and algorithmic fairness
Authors: Hung Tzu-Wei , Yen Chun-Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines racial discrimination and algorithmic bias in predictive policing algorithms (PPAs), an emerging technology designed to predict threats and suggest solutions in law enforcement. We firstdescribewhat discrimination is in a case study of Chicago’s PPA. We thenexplaintheir causes with Broadbent’s contrastive model of causation and causal diagrams. Based on the cognitive science literature, we also explain why fairness is not an objective truth discoverable in laboratories but has context-sensitive social meanings that need to be negotiated through democratic processes. With the above analysis, we nextpredictwhy some recommendations given in the bias reduction literature are not as effective as expected. Unlike the cliché highlighting equal participation for all stakeholders in predictive policing, we emphasize power structures to avoid hermeneutical lacunae. Finally, we aim tocontrolPPA discrimination by proposing a governance solution—a framework of a social safety net.
Horizontal Integrity a Prerequisite for Vertical Stability: Comparison of Elevation Change and the Unvegetated-Vegetated Marsh Ratio Across Southeastern USA Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Ganju Neil K. , Defne Zafer , Schwab Caroline , Moorman Michelle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Surface elevation tables (SETs) estimate the vertical resilience of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise (SLR) and other stressors but are limited in their spatial coverage. Conversely, spatially integrative metrics based on remote sensing provide comprehensive spatial coverage of horizontal processes but cannot track elevation trajectory at high resolution. Here, we present a critical advance in reconciling vertical and horizontal dynamics by assessing the relationship between elevation change, relative tidal elevation (Z*), and the unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR) across coastal wetland complexes in the southeastern USA. We first used the UVVR to determine the representativeness of the SET site relative to varying spatial footprints across the complex and found that SET sites generally represent the tidal wetland areas in terms of vegetated cover. There is also overall coherence between positive vertical change and high vegetative cover, but we also identified sites with high vegetative cover and negative vertical change (relative to SLR). The only sites exceeding the pace of SLR have UVVR values below the previously established 0.15 threshold. Some sites are not keeping up with SLR despite having intact marsh plains; this may indicate a risk of submergence with undetectable marsh plain loss, or an imminent transition to future open-water conversion. Aggregation of Z* across the same footprint as the UVVR demonstrates consistent coherence between elevation and vegetative cover, with lower elevation sites having larger UVVR. These results indicate that the UVVR is a suitable initial screening tool: areas above the 0.15 threshold are both horizontally and vertically vulnerable. Furthermore, this comparison suggests that horizontal integrity is a prerequisite for vertical stability: a marsh can only maintain elevation if the plain is intact with minimal unvegetated area.
Microbial reduction of antimony under anaerobic conditions by inocula from different sources
Authors: Moreno-Andrade Ivan , Regidor-Alfageme Enrique , Carrillo-Reyes Julián , Field Jim A. , Sierra-Alvarez Reyes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntimony (Sb) is a toxic and carcinogenic metalloid that can be present in contaminated water generated by mining operations and other industrial activities. Dissimilatory Sb(V) reduction to Sb(III) under anaerobic conditions by prokaryotic microbial communities has been reported; however, the fate of antimony in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems is poorly understood. This study investigated the potential of six different inoculum sources to reduce Sb(V) under anaerobic conditions and correlated the Sb(V) reduction rate with the microbial community composition. Microbial reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) by all the inoculum sources tested was observed in anaerobic incubations using hydrogen as an electron donor after a month. The highest reduction rate observed was 12.5 mg Sb per gram of volatile suspended solids per day. In some inocula, not only Sb reduction was observed, but also a decrease in the total Sb concentration, suggesting the precipitation of Sb(III). Metagenomic analysis revealed high variability in the community diversity associated with the origin of the inoculum. For the family taxonomic category, the three inocula that showed the highest Sb reduction potential were characterized by the presence of the Bacillaceae family.
Book review: managing the myths of health care by Henry Mintzberg
Authors: Tian Brian W. C. A. , Catena Fausto , Agnoletti Vanni , Lusenti Carlo , Bravi Francesca , Carradori Tiziano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInternationally acclaimed management guru Professor Henry Mintzberg’s latest book gives valuable insights into the world of healthcare management. A must read for all those in healthcare!
Quantifying the impact of heat in support seal configuration for aero engines
Authors: Sun P. , Liu C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLeakage, deformations, power loss, heat generation in the support seal system and other issues are typical when support seals are developed. The design of the support seal system has progressively evolved over recent decades as part of an ongoing effort to provide effective cooling for the aero engine secondary air system. In particular, oil heat management in the oil chamber has strict requirements, which limit the heat generation of the support seal system. The potential of supporting seal research with an oil system is investigated in this work. The combination of the CFD/FEA method and quantifying the heat generation entering the oil chamber allows for improvements not just to the individual buffer air seal unit, but the oil seal together. The analysis relies on the combination of quantifying heat generation entering the oil chamber to provide a mutual influence of neighbouring labyrinth seals. The mutual influence requires further analysis, considering the thermal deformation of the rotor/stator to provide further accurate geometry parameters in preliminary seal designs. The experimental test was conducted to verify the preliminary CFD-FEA loosely coupled analysis result, which reveals that in a turbine support seal system, the radius of the buffer air seal has a significant influence on the leakage flow rate and power loss of the oil seal, which should take into account the integral influence of the pressure difference of the oil seal caused by the radius change of the buffer air seal and the running clearance of the oil seal.
Towards equity in land protection
Authors: Sims Katharine R.E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLand protection not only supports vital ecosystem services but also poses important challenges for social equity. Three key concerns emerge from economic frameworks about land protection policies: potential lost local economic development, reinforcement of existing structural inequalities, and disparities in access to the benefits of protected land. This article reviews evidence for each concern and identifies research needs as well as potential improvements in policy that could better support equity goals. Pathways forward towards greater equity include specific mechanisms that can ensure local communities benefit from land protection, attention to issues of spatial impacts and timing, explicit prioritization of equity in land protection initiatives, and community-centred processes. Economists have and can continue to play a role in strengthening these dimensions of land protection policies.
P.098 Antibacterial envelopes prevent post-operative infections in neuromodulation surgery
Authors: Persad A , Ahmed S , Mercure-Cyr R , Waterhouse K , Vitali AM 
Published: June 2023

Background: Neuromodulation unit placement can provide efficacious control of many neurological conditions. They are high risk for infection with a historic infection rate as high as 10%. Treatment of infection requires surgical removal and a long course of systemic antibiotics. <font size=”1”> </font>At our center, one surgeon uses antibacterial envelopes with all implanted neuromodulation devices. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive implantable pulse generator (IPG) and intrathecal pump unit implantation with an antibacterial envelope at our center. This cohort was then compared to a historical cohort of consecutive patients undergoing IPG or pump placement or revision prior to the use of the envelopes. Results: IPG: There were 18 (11.9%) class I infections in the pre-envelope cohort compared with 5 (2.1%) in the post-envelope cohort. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) with the use of antibacterial envelopes was 9.85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3-15.4%, p<0.01).Pump: There were 6 (14.6%) class I infections in the pre-envelope cohort compared with 1 (1.7%) in the post-envelope cohort. The ARR with the use of antibacterial envelopes was 12.9% (95% confidence interval 1.6-24.3, p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on our results, we recommend usage of antibacterial envelopes to reduce infection rates in neuromodulation surgery. Further study is needed.
Brazen as Falstaff, Devious as Iago: Sir Ralph Lane's Approach to Holding Office in Ireland and Virginia
Authors: Rapple Rory 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMuch has been made of the ideological connection between the mental world of servitors in Elizabethan Ireland and the origins of early English colonial endeavor in North America. In this vein, the case of Sir Ralph Lane, the first governor of the Roanoke colony and, later, muster-master general of Ireland, would seem to present a historiographically promising test case, one that might not only link Ireland and the Roanoke Colony but also could show, following recent suggestions, how attitudinal, behavioral, and aspirational commonalities existed between early modern English military culture and the ethos of early English colonial endeavor. Lane's record on both sides of the Atlantic, however, rather than painting a picture of the applicability of martial virtue and military discipline at times of crisis, demonstrates instead the stark reality of the impulsive and appetitive culture of the garrison in the Elizabethan period and its corrosive effects. Lane's remarkable capacity for corruption, willful mismanagement, and wily self-defense in an Irish context in fact amplifies and complements troubling tendencies that scholars have recently detected in Lane's famous discourse of his government in what was commonly termed Virginia printed in Hakluyt's Principal Navigations. Lane can indeed serve as an emblem of common features shared by Elizabethan Englishmen drawn to office in Ireland and Elizabethan/Jacobean Englishmen drawn to settle in Virginia, but largely because of his mendacity, venality, and irresponsibility.
Whose Equality? Freedom of Religious Associations and Gaum v. Van Rensburg
Authors: de Freitas Shaun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Gaum and Others v. Van Rensburg NO and Others, the South African High Court held the view that a decision taken by the Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church, which included a condition of a life of celibacy for gays and lesbians in order to be ordained as ministers in the church, along with a prohibition against the solemnizing of same-sex civil unions by ministers in the church, resulted in a violation of the right to equality and that unfair discrimination based on sexual orientation had taken place. Consequently, the finding in Gaum postulated a specific view on the permissible boundaries regarding conduct related to sexual orientation that should apply to a religious association. In this regard, Gaum is of concern when considering that courts in democracies around the world generally refrain from getting involved in matters related to the central doctrines of a religious association. Gaum’s findings are disquieting not only for the effective protection of the right to freedom of religion (in both an individual and associational context) but also for the furtherance of diversity. It is argued in this article that Gaum exceeded its jurisdiction in adjudicating on matters related to conduct regarding sexual orientation, an argument that critically focuses on the concept of equality against the background of the importance of the protection of the autonomy of religious associations.
Moderate deviations inequalities for Gaussian process regression
Authors: Li Jialin , Ryzhov Ilya O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGaussian process regression is widely used to model an unknown function on a continuous domain by interpolating a discrete set of observed design points. We develop a theoretical framework for proving new moderate deviations inequalities on different types of error probabilities that arise in GP regression. Two specific examples of broad interest are the probability of falsely ordering pairs of points (incorrectly estimating one point as being better than another) and the tail probability of the estimation error at an arbitrary point. Our inequalities connect these probabilities to the mesh norm, which measures how well the design points fill the space.
Beyond the Gonzalo Mystique: Challenges to Abimael Guzmán’s Leadership inside Peru’s Shining Path, 1982–1992
Authors: La Serna Miguel , Starn Orin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrom the moment it launched its armed insurgency in 1980 until the death of its former leader in September 2021, Peru’s Shining Path mesmerized observers. The Maoist group had a well-established reputation as a personality cult whose members were fanatically devoted to Abimael Guzmán, the messianic leader they revered as “Presidente Gonzalo.” According to this narrative, referred to here as the “Gonzalo mystique,” Shining Path zealots were prepared to submit to Guzmán’s authority and will—no matter how violent or suicidal—because they viewed him as a messiah-prophet who would usher in a new era of communist utopia. Drawing on newly available sources, including the minutes of Shining Path’s 1988–1989 congress, this article complicates the Gonzalo mystique narrative, tracing the unrelenting efforts by middle- and high-ranking militants to challenge, undermine, disobey, and even unseat Guzmán throughout the insurgency. Far from seeing their leader as the undisputed cosmocrat of the popular imagination, these militants recognized Guzmán for who he was: a deeply flawed man with errant ideas, including a dubious interpretation of Maoism, problematic military strategy, and a revolutionary path that was anything but shining.
The Reception of Relativity in American Philosophy
Authors: Verhaegh Sander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorians have shown that philosophical discussions about the implications of relativity significantly shaped the development of European philosophy of science in the 1920s. Yet little is known about American debates from this period. This article maps the first responses to Einstein’s theory in three U.S. philosophy journals and situates these papers within the local intellectual landscape. I argue that these discussions (1) stimulated the development of a distinctly American branch of philosophy of science and (2) paved the way for the logical empiricists who emigrated to the United States in the years before World War II.
Roman-era alluvial waste in the Vistre de la Fontaine (Nîmes, southeast France): from a sacred spring to a contaminated river
Authors: Flaux Clément , Save Sabrina , Scrinzi Maxime , Minvielle Larousse Nicolas , Vaschalde Christophe , Renaud Audrey , Tillier Margaux , Guihou Abel , Deschamps Pierre , Véron Alain 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe excavation of a palaeochannel at the Vistre de la Fontaine 2-2 archaeological site, 3 km downstream from the ancient city of Nîmes (southeastern France), provided an accumulation sequence covering the last 2,500 years. Trace metal analyses of these alluvial sediments disclosed lead (Pb) contamination during the Early Roman Empire, with concentrations close to 1,000 ppm, a factor of 100 above the local geochemical background. This excess of Pb shows a uniform isotopic signature that may reflect unchanged ore sources, perhaps from the Massif Central or from Great Britain. The Pb peak accompanied visible waste that was transported in the sediments of the Vistre de la Fontaine at the time of the development of the Nîmes urban water supply and drainage network during the Early Roman Empire. This research shows the bimillennial persistence of palaeo-contamination in a peri-urban alluvial plain and the relevance of fluvial sedimentary archives in documenting ancient waste.
COUETTE FLOW OVER A HEAT ISLAND
Authors: FORBES LAWRENCE K. , WALTERS STEPHEN J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA viscous fluid is confined between two smooth horizontal walls, in a vertical channel. The upper wall may move with constant speed, but the lower wall is stationary and a portion of it is heated. A plume of heated fluid develops, and may also be swept downstream by the motion of the upper wall. When the heating effect is small and the upper plate does not move, a closed-form solution for the temperature profile is presented. A numerical spectral method is then presented, and allows highly accurate nonlinear solutions to be obtained, for the temperature and the fluid motion. These are compared against the closed-form solution in the linearized case, and the effects of nonlinearity on temperature and velocity are revealed. The results also show that periodic plume shedding from the heated region can occur in the nonlinear case.