bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived inequality and variability in the expression of parochial altruism
Authors: Ross Cody T. , Pisor Anne C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is commonly argued that humans have generalised predispositions for within-group favouritism and between-group animus (i.e. that humans are parochially altruistic), leading to higher levels of internal conflict in societies with greater diversity. Other research, however, has questioned both the ubiquity of parochial altruism and the role of diversity per se in causing social discord. Here, we use ethnographic, social network and experimental economic game data to explore this topic in two multi-ethnic Colombian communities. We examine the extent to which Afrocolombian and Emberá residents express parochial altruism, finding appreciable variability between communities, and across individuals within communities. When present, parochial altruism appears to be driven by divergent perceptions of group-based economic need, not group identity per se. Our results suggest that diversity may be less likely to cause social discord than past work has suggested, as long as group-based inequalities in wealth, well-being and representation – that can destabilise positive inter-group relationships – are minimised.
A Conversation on “Ecology, Extinction, and Posthumanism” with Claire Colebrook
Authors: Datta Asijit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This dialogue between Prof Claire Colebrook (Pennsylvania State University) and Asijit Datta is based on an online discussion, “Ecology, Extinction, and Posthumanism” which took place on the 1st of August, 2020 during the raging days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The transcript echoes Colebrook’s sentiments that the ethical demands of the climate hazard or the imminent extinction cannot be addressed to a particular subject or ‘we’. The predominant tension is concealed in the idea of the human and its values. As humans, we refuse to ask whether there is a future where life continues with endless possibilities for us. For Colebrook, the inability to adopt such a stance emerges from the historical condition that we as language-beings have always been the ones to define life, the ones that are essentially racing towards extinction. Following the extinction experiments of Husserl and Bergson, Colebrook contends that only the death of the ethical and political subject can provide us with alternate modes of survival in this world. This conversation engages with issues like the COVID-19 pandemic, American politics, and post-apocalyptic cinema to arrive at an imagination that requires the annihilation of the human as we know it.
Prioritizing emergency department antibiotic stewardship interventions for skin and soft tissue infections using judgment analysis
Authors: Griffin Meggie , Claeys Kimberly C. , Schwei Rebecca J. , Brown Roger L. , Pulia Michael S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) account for over 2.8 million annual emergency department (ED) visits and often result in suboptimal antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate a set of interventions in minimizing inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for presumed SSTIs in the ED.

Design:
Case vignette survey.

Participants:
A national sample of emergency medicine (EM) physicians.

Methods:
Each vignette described a clinical scenario of a presumed SSTI (cellulitis or abscess) and included a unique combination of zero to five interventions (outpatient follow-up, inappropriate antibiotic request flag, thermal imaging for cellulitis or rapid wound MRSA PCR for abscess, patient education/shared decision-making, and clinical decision support). Out of 64 possible vignettes, we asked participants to respond to eight vignettes. Following each vignette, we asked participants if they would prescribe an antibiotic in their everyday practice (yes/no). We built adjusted hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the probability of prescribing an antibiotic for each intervention and vignette.

Results:
Surveys were completed by 113 EM physicians. The thermal imaging, rapid wound MRSA PCR, and patient education/shared decision-making interventions showed the largest decrease (15–20%) in antibiotic prescribing probability. Vignettes with a combination of both a diagnostic intervention (thermal imaging or rapid wound MRSA PCR) and a patient education/shared decision-making intervention had the lowest prescribing probabilities.

Conclusion:
We recommend future research focuses on the development and integration of novel diagnostic tools to identify true infection and incorporate shared decision-making to improve diagnosis and management of SSTIs.
Mitigating climate change with financial investments: exploring sustainable investment strategies in a novel experimental investment paradigm
Authors: Karlsson-Larsson Hulda , Erlandsson Arvid , Sandberg Joakim , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sustainable financial investments play a role in mitigating climate change. With this research, we explored how decision-makers use three investment strategies illustrating different primary motives: (1) money maximization (economic self-interest), (2) exclusion (not personally harming the environment), and (3) inclusion (helping the environment most efficiently). The relative use of these strategies was tested within a novel investment paradigm, aiming to artificially create a trade-off between financial payoffs (money maximization), environmental purity (exclusion), and environmental impact (inclusion). We recruited 1422 participants online and let them make ten consecutive investment choices, with incentivized outcomes, both monetary (i.e., potential bonus payment) and environmental (i.e., number of trees planted). We tested the change in investment choices using a between-subject design with four conditions, a control, and one default condition for each investment strategy. The three strategies were chosen about equally often in the control condition, but we find that this investment pattern could be altered by a default intervention. Preliminary evidence suggests that participants primarily using the exclusion and inclusion strategies differ in their moral reasoning. Utilitarianism better predicted the inclusion strategy, whereas high self-importance of moral identity better predicted the exclusion strategy.
Large-eddy simulations of conical hypersonic turbulent boundary layers over cooled walls via volumetric rescaling method
Authors: Toki Takahiko , Sousa Victor C.B. , Chen Yongkai , Camillo Giannino Ponchio , Wagner Alexander , Scalo Carlo 
Published: January 2025

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a hypersonic boundary layer on a

$7^\circ$

-half-angle cone are performed to investigate the effects of highly cooled walls (wall-to-recovery temperature ratio of

$T_w / T_r \sim 0.1$

) on fully developed turbulence and to validate a newly developed rescaling method based on volumetric flow extraction. Two Reynolds numbers are considered,

$Re_m = 4.1 \times 10^6\ \text {m}^{-1}$

and

$6.4 \times 10^6\ \text {m}^{-1}$

, at free-stream Mach numbers of

$M_\infty = 7.4$

. A comparison with a reference laminar-to-turbulent simulation, capturing the full history of the transitional flow dynamics, reveals that the volumetric rescaling method can generate a synthetic turbulent inflow that preserves the structure of the fluctuations. Equilibrium conditions are recovered after approximately 40 inlet boundary layer thicknesses. Numerical trials show that a longer streamwise extent of the rescaling box increases numerical stability. Analyses of turbulent statistics and flow visualizations reveal strong pressure oscillations, up to

$50\,\%$

of local mean pressure near the wall, and two-dimensional longitudinal wave structures resembling second-mode waves, with wavelengths up to 50 % of the boundary layer thickness, and convective Mach numbers of

$M_c \simeq 4.5$

. It is shown that their quasi-periodic recurrence in the flow is not an artefact of the rescaling method. Strong and localized temperature fluctuations and spikes in the wall-heat flux are associated with such waves. Very high values of temperature variance near the wall result in oscillations of the wall-heat flux exceeding its average. Instances of near-wall temperature falling below the imposed wall temperature of

$T_w=300$

K result in pockets of instantaneous heat flux oriented against the statistical mean direction.
BUSINESS INVESTMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND BREXIT
Authors: Kaya Ahmet , Liadze Iana , Low Hailey , Juanino Patricia Sanchez , Millard Stephen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The United Kingdom has experienced significantly lower growth rates of business investment and labour productivity following its decision to leave the European Union, although this lacklustre performance was affected by the economic shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in addition to Brexit. This article aims to quantify the impact of Brexit on business investment and labour productivity in the United Kingdom using the National Institute of Economic and Social Research’s Global Macroeconometric Model. We model Brexit as a decline in trade with the European Union and associated reduction in terms of trade, a decrease in productivity and a permanent increase in uncertainty. Our estimates suggest that these shocks have led to an approximately 12–13% decline in UK business investment in 2023, which gradually declines to 7–8% by 2035 as businesses adjust to the terms of trade and productivity shocks. This corresponds to a real gross domestic product (GDP) loss of 2–3% (about £850 per capita) in 2023 and 5–6% (about £2,300 per capita) by 2035. Additionally, we find that Brexit has reduced labour productivity by around 2–2.5% as of 2023, with a projected reduction of 5–6% by 2035.
TWO NON-VANISHING RESULTS CONCERNING THE ANTI-CANONICAL BUNDLE
Authors: MÜLLER NIKLAS 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let

$(X, \Delta )$

be a klt threefold pair with nef anti-log canonical divisor

$-(K_X+\Delta )$

. We show that

$\kappa (X, -(K_X+\Delta ))\geq 0$

. To do so, we prove a more general equivariant non-vanishing result for anti-log canonical bundles, which is valid in any dimension.
ON THE CONVERGENCE OF ZETA FUNCTIONS OF PREHOMOGENEOUS VECTOR SPACES
Authors: FINIS TOBIAS , LAPID EREZ 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove a general convergence result for zeta functions of prehomogeneous vector spaces extending results of H. Saito, F. Sato and Yukie. Our analysis points to certain subspaces which yield boundary terms. We study it further in the setup arising from nilpotent orbits. In certain cases we determine the residue at the rightmost pole of the zeta function.
Dust pathways of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China in the last glacial period and their implications for ecological security
Authors: Jiao Yan , Xie Yuanyun , Chi Yunping , Sun Lei , Wu Peng , Wei Zhenyu , Liu Haijin , Wang Yehui , Liu Ruonan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Loess, a geologic record of dust, is an optimal archive for exploring paleoclimate and the paleo-dust path from source to sink. The dust path for the Songnen Plain, NE China, during the last glacial period has not been established. To address this, 63 surface sediment samples from the Northeast China Sandy Lands, i.e., Onqin Daga Sandy Land (OD), Horqin Sandy Land (HQ), Hulun Buir Sandy Land (HL), and Songnen Sandy Land (SN), and six samples from the last glacial loess in the Harbin area were collected for elemental geochemical analysis of the <10 μm fraction to quantitatively reconstruct the dust pathway using a frequentist model. The results show that these sandy lands have a distinct geochemical composition due to a control from markedly different provenances. The quantitative results indicate that the dust contribution of the southwestern SN to the Harbin loess is as high as 50.4–77.2%, followed by the OD and HQ (3.3–34.8%), the northwestern SN (0–36.8%), and the HL (0–8%). Notably, the dust contribution to the Harbin loess began to change considerably after ~46–41 ka BP, with a significant increase from 1.1% to 41.2% from the northwestern direction. Some ecological safety strategies are proposed to address dust pollution in the Harbin area.
Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on the atmospheric 14C trend and fossil carbon load at urban and background sites in Hungary
Authors: Baráth Balázs Áron , Varga Tamás , Major István , Haszpra László , Vargas Danny , Barcza Zoltán , Molnár Mihály 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study analyses in situ CO2 mole fraction, 14CO2, and fossil based excess CO2 mole fraction (Cfoss) data at Hegyhátsál (HUN) rural monitoring station (Central Europe) supplemented by passive monitoring of 14C content of tree-rings. Through the observed period (2014–2020) we focused on revealing trends in atmospheric CO2 and 14C levels, particularly during the year of the first COVID lockdown, in comparison to the preceding five years. In addition, monthly integrated samples of atmospheric CO2 and tree-rings from the six years were subjected to 14C analysis. The passive tree-ring measurements focuses on two major urban areas (Budapest and Debrecen) in Hungary, along with the rural monitoring site. Results show a steady increase in CO2 levels at HUN between 2014 and 2020. The calculated fossil based excess CO2 concentrations for the initial year of COVID are in good agreement with the previous five-year averages both at 115 m and 10 m elevations. These results also show seasonal variations of CO2 mole fractions, peaking in winter and decreasing in summer. Tree-ring results from Debrecen show a good alignment with the results of the atmospheric monitoring station, and it does not show a significant fossil contribution in the urban background area during the vegetation periods. Tree-ring results from Budapest show a stronger fossil contribution compared to the Debrecen ones. Our atmospheric CO2 results do not show a large decrease in fossil CO2 atmospheric contribution during the first lockdown. We found that the use of this passive CO2 monitoring technique can provide a valuable tool for investigating such differences.
UPPER BOUNDS ON POLYNOMIAL ROOT SEPARATION
Authors: KNAPP GREG , YIP CHI HOI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider the relationship between the Mahler measure

$M(f)$

of a polynomial f and its separation

$\operatorname {sep}(f)$

. Mahler [‘An inequality for the discriminant of a polynomial’, Michigan Math. J.11 (1964), 257–262] proved that if

$f(x) \in \mathbb {Z}[x]$

is separable of degree n, then

$\operatorname {sep}(f) \gg _n M(f)^{-(n-1)}$

. This spurred further investigations into the implicit constant involved in that relationship and led to questions about the optimal exponent on

$M(f)$

. However, there has been relatively little study concerning upper bounds on

$\operatorname {sep}(f)$

in terms of

$M(f)$

. We prove that if

$f(x) \in \mathbb {C}[x]$

has degree n, then

$\operatorname {sep}(f) \ll n^{-1/2}M(f)^{1/(n-1)}$

. Moreover, this bound is sharp up to the implied constant factor. We further investigate the constant factor under various additional assumptions on

$f(x)$

; for example, if it has only real roots.
ON PERFECT POWERS AS SUMS OR DIFFERENCES OF TWO k-GENERALISED PELL NUMBERS
Authors: PATEL BIJAN KUMAR , TRIPATHY BIBHU PRASAD 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For an integer

$k \geq 2$

, let

$P_{n}^{(k)}$

be the k-generalised Pell sequence, which starts with

$0, \ldots ,0,1$

(k terms), and each term thereafter is given by the recurrence

$P_{n}^{(k)} = 2 P_{n-1}^{(k)} +P_{n-2}^{(k)} +\cdots +P_{n-k}^{(k)}$

. We search for perfect powers, which are sums or differences of two k-generalised Pell numbers.
The abelianization of the elementary group of rank two
Authors: Mirzaii Behrooz , Pérez Elvis Torres 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For an arbitrary ring A, we study the abelianization of the elementary group

$\mathit{{\rm E}}_2(A)$

. In particular, we show that for a commutative ring A there exists an exact sequence

\begin{equation*}
{\rm K}_2(2,A)/{\rm C}(2,A) \rightarrow A/M \rightarrow \mathit{{\rm E}}_2(A)^{\rm ab} \rightarrow 1,
\end{equation*}

where

${\rm C}(2,A)$

is the central subgroup of the Steinberg group

$\mathit{{\rm St}}(2,A)$

generated by the Steinberg symbols and M is the additive subgroup of A generated by

$x(a^2-1)$

and

$3(b+1)(c+1)$

, with

$x\in A, a,b,c \in {A^\times}$

.
Rules of Origin, Value Chains and African Development under the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement
Authors: Ajibo Collins Chikodili , Kaime Thoko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rules of origin under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement constitute a vital trade instrument that forestalls freeriding by ensuring that only originating products and services benefit from preferential treatment within the free trade area. Functional rules of origin in design and implementation foster the sourcing of value content by producers, manufacturers and enterprises within Africa in accordance with the governing treaty. The sourcing of value content by producers, manufacturers and enterprises within Africa promotes economic activities, measured industrialization and socio-economic development. While the AfCFTA Agreement recognizes the capacities of both rules of origin and regional value chains, each standing alone or acting in a complementary manner to promote African development, a successful outcome will be determined by a critical adjustment that improves capacity and capability. Arguably, state parties to the AfCFTA Agreement should implement strategies for upscaling preference utilization and value chain growth, infrastructural investment and interventions that stimulate value chain trade.
The translation of foreign films and cosmopolitan Shanghai (1896–1949)
Authors: Jin Haina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the translation of foreign films in cosmopolitan Shanghai from 1896 to 1949. Silent films were introduced to China at the end of the nineteenth century, and live narration was provided to allow Chinese audiences to better understand Western shadow plays. With an increasing number of foreign films exhibited in Shanghai theatres, distributors and exhibitors made printed film plot sheets and experimented with the use of subtitles. With the arrival of sound cinema, experiments with techniques such as simultaneous interpretation, voiceover, and dubbing were also conducted. At this time, Shanghai was a semi-colonial city, where the languages spoken included the Shanghai dialect, Cantonese, standard Mandarin, and English, among others, and where the written Chinese language was transitioning from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese. Film translation is perceived as a space where the mediation between the foreign and the local is materialized. Using materials such as official regulations, newspapers, memoirs, and archives, this article examines various modes of foreign film translation in Republican Shanghai to demonstrate the ways in which the vibrant translation activities of early cinema mediated between languages and cultures, connected local audiences with the foreign, and constructed a cosmopolitan cultural scene.
Feelings of guilt among cancer patients and the usage of complementary or alternative medicine – A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Meren Sarah Sophie , Josfeld Lena , Bahlmann Jozien Clazina , Fischer von Weikersthal L. , Männle H. , Huebner J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the influence of feelings of guilt among cancer patients on their health behavior, with a specific focus on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Methods
A multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 162 oncological patients, assessing sociodemographic variables, feelings of guilt, patient activation, self-efficacy, and CAM usage. The Shame-Guilt-Scale was employed to measure guilt, with subscales including punitive guilt, self-criticism (actions), moral perfectionism, and empathy-reparation. To assess patient activation and self-efficacy, we used the German Version of the Patient Activation Measure 13 and the Short Scale for Measuring General Safe-efficacy Beliefs, respectively. To evaluate CAM-usage, we used a standardized instrument from the working group Prevention and Integrative Oncology of the German Cancer Society. Statistical analyses, including regression models, were employed to examine potential associations.

Results
Female gender was associated with more frequent CAM usage. Regarding holistic and mind-body-methods, younger patients more often used these methods. No significant association was found between feelings of guilt and CAM usage. Patients experienced guilt most strongly related to empathy and reparation for their own actions.

Significance of results
Our results do not support the hypothesis of a direct link between guilt and CAM usage. Guilt may be an important aspect in psychological support for cancer patients, yet, with respect to counselling on CAM, it does not play an important part to understand patients’ motivations.
An interpretable neural network approach to cause-of-death mortality forecasting
Authors: Tanaka Sohei , Matsuyama Naoki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cause-of-death mortality forecasting, a key topic in public health and actuarial science, is a challenging task due to the difficulty of modeling that accounts for dependencies among causes of death. While several cause-of-death mortality models have been proposed to address this difficulty, little attention has been paid to improving their predictive performance. Recently, purely data-driven approaches using tensor decomposition methods have been introduced to cause-of-death mortality modeling, demonstrating strong out-of-sample predictive performance compared to existing models. However, these methods have difficulties in the interpretability of multi-rank tensor components to achieve strong predictive performance. In response, we propose a novel tensor-based cause-of-death mortality model by replacing the tensor decomposition with a convolutional autoencoder with a one-dimensional latent layer that provides a Lee-Carter-like time-series factor; the model also provides the age sensitivity of cause-specific log mortality to the time-series factor. Due to the representational capability of the neural network, our model achieves better predictive performance compared to the existing tensor decomposition-based models, despite the simplified latent layer for model interpretability.
Cascaded metalenses boost applications in near-eye display
Authors: Sun Jiacheng , Li Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements show the potential of cascaded metalenses in near-eye display applications, achieving performance that rivals traditional eyepiece systems. By leveraging the human pupil as an aperture and taking into account practical factors such as eye relief, pupil size, and display dimensions, this approach suggests a bright future for the incorporation of meta-optics in cutting-edge near-eye display technologies.