bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eucalyptus scab and shoot malformation: a new disease in South Africa caused by a novel species, Elsinoe masingae
Authors: Roux Jolanda , Wingfield Michael J , Marincowitz Seonju , Solís Myriam , Phungula Siphephelo , Pham Nam Q 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A serious new disease of Eucalyptus was detected in South African plantations of these trees during the summer of 2021/2022. The first symptoms are minute dark spots on young leaves, petioles and shoots, becoming scab-like as the spots age. On highly susceptible Eucalyptus genotypes, leaves and shoots can become malformed leading to a ‘feathering’ appearance in the tree canopies and in the case of heavy infections, leaf and shoot death occur. Isolations made directly from developing scabs resulted in slow-growing cultures. These were identified, based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data for the ITS, LSU, TEF1 and RPB2 regions, as a novel species of Elsinoe (Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales), described here as E. masingae. Inoculations of an Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens hybrid variety produced the same symptoms as those observed under natural conditions and the pathogen could be re-isolated from the emerging lesions. Elsinoe masingae is closely related to, but clearly distinct from, the recently described Elsinoe necatrix that causes a serious scab and shoot malformation disease on Eucalyptus in Indonesia. Field surveys revealed significant variation in the susceptibility of different Eucalyptus genotypes, with the most severely affected genotypes including an E. grandis × nitens and an E. grandis × urophylla hybrid variety and E. grandis. The disease has also been observed on Eucalyptus amplifolia and on Eucalyptus dunnii, which had mild infections. The observed variation in susceptibility of Eucalyptus planting stock should provide opportunities to avoid serious damage because of scab caused by E. masingae in the future.
Ontological (in)Security and the Iran Nuclear Deal—Explaining Instability in US Foreign Policy Interests
Authors: Rees Morgan Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
On July 14, 2015, under the leadership of the Obama administration, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action—referred to as the Iran Nuclear Deal—was signed. After 35 years of diplomatic isolation, the agreement marked a watershed moment in the United States–Iran relations and achieved a key US national security objective regarding nuclear non-proliferation. However, the agreement faced significant domestic opposition grounded in concerns that Iran was untrustworthy. Yet, the prospect of withdrawal generated a sense of insecurity that the United States’s status as a “responsible world leader” would be undermined, despite ongoing anxieties around Iran’s compliance. What explains such a paradox in foreign policy preferences? By incorporating discursive institutionalist approaches with ontological security perspectives, I work to show how President Obama’s entry into the agreement generated ontological insecurities as he struggled to displace existing narratives around Iran as a hostile, untrustworthy actor. Yet, Iran’s compliance with the agreement made it equally difficult for Trump to justify withdrawal; instead, his efforts raised additional concerns that America’s international standing would be undermined. Theoretically, this paper incorporates discursive institutionalist insights with ontological security to disaggregate how different conceptions of the “Self” are contested and activated in policy debates in ways that lead to instability and variation in US foreign policy.
Mechano-Chemical Coupling in Hydra Regeneration and Patterning
Authors: Wang Rui , Bialas April L , Goel Tapan , Collins Eva-Maria S 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
The freshwater cnidarian Hydra can regenerate from wounds, small tissue fragments and even from aggregated cells. This process requires the de novo development of a body axis and oral–aboral polarity, a fundamental developmental process that involves chemical patterning and mechanical shape changes. Gierer and Meinhardt recognized that Hydra’s simple body plan and amenability to in vivo experiments make it an experimentally and mathematically tractable model to study developmental patterning and symmetry breaking. They developed a reaction-diffusion model, involving a short-range activator and a long-range inhibitor, which successfully explained patterning in the adult animal. In 2011, HyWnt3 was identified as a candidate for the activator. However, despite the continued efforts of both physicists and biologists, the predicted inhibitor remains elusive. Furthermore, the Gierer-Meinhardt model cannot explain de novo axis formation in cellular aggregates that lack inherited tissue polarity. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on Hydra symmetry breaking and patterning. We summarize the history of patterning studies and insights from recent biomechanical and molecular studies, and highlight the need for continued validation of theoretical assumptions and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries. We conclude by proposing new experiments to test current mechano-chemical coupling models and suggest ideas for expanding the Gierer-Meinhardt model to explain de novo patterning, as observed in Hydra aggregates. The availability of a fully sequenced genome, transgenic fluorescent reporter strains, and modern imaging techniques, that enable unprecedented observation of cellular events in vivo, promise to allow the community to crack Hydra’s secret to patterning.
Article 3 of Regulation 1/2003: a historical and empirical account of an unworkable compromise
Authors: Brook Or , Eben Magali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Combining historical, conceptual, and empirical approaches, this article studies one of the most fundamental, yet underexplored, questions surrounding Regulation 1/2003: What limits European Union (EU) competition law places on the adoption and application of national competition and other laws? The relationship between EU competition and national laws was supposedly settled with the adoption of Regulation 1/2003. There are two exceptions to the rule in Article 3(1), under which national competition authorities and courts must apply EU competition law when applying their national competition laws, with primacy for EU provisions: Article 3(2) leaves room for ‘stricter’ national competition rules on unilateral conduct, and Article 3(3) for national rules pursuing a ‘predominantly different objective’. The solution offered by Article 3 is not workable. Through a historical study of the political discussions preceding Article 3’s adoption, a conceptual analysis of potential interpretations, and a systematic content analysis of French and German practice, this article reveals the lack of a dividing line between the notions of national competition laws and other laws. It calls for reform of Article 3 to ensure that conduct that should be governed by EU law is not assessed under national rules and standards that differ from one Member State to another.
Frank Barr: Avant-Garde Designer in Mid-Century Chicago?
Authors: Gehl Paul F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A popular 1941 gallery show in Chicago entitled “The Advance Guard of Advertising Artists” included five prominent European advocates of modernist design and four Americans who did daring and innovative work. All but one of these designers is today included in the mid-century design canon. The odd man out was Frank Barr (1906–1955), a Chicago letterpress printer with a modest, entirely local reputation both before and after the exhibit. This article explores Barr’s career to explicate the meaning of avant-garde design during at the period and shed light on the larger question of canonical status. Chicago was a major industrial and printing hub that nonetheless seemed provincial in design terms into the 1930s. Many design professionals educated there (like Barr) had remained content with the opportunities the city provided. The arrival of the New Bauhaus in 1937 injected new vitality into the local design scene and gave birth to a fresh sense of Chicago’s potentially international credentials. Barr’s career spanned the two decades of this transition and provides a useful case study of provincialism, avant-garde status, and internationalism.
Pear psylla and natural enemy thresholds for successful integrated pest management in pears
Authors: DuPont S Tianna , Strohm Chris , Kogan Clark , Hilton Rick , Nottingham Louis , Orpet Robert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), is the most economically challenging pest of commercial pears in Washington and Oregon, the top producers of pears in the United States. The objective of this study was to quantify economic injury levels and thresholds for pear psylla. We used the relationship between pear psylla adult and nymph densities, and fruit downgraded due to psylla honeydew marking to identify injury levels. We calculated economic injury levels using the cost of downgraded fruit and average management costs (spray materials and labor). Using economic injury levels, we determined economic thresholds for pear psylla, which include predicted pest population growth, natural enemy predation, and anticipated delays between when pest populations are measured and when managers apply interventions. Economic thresholds generated by this study were 0.1–0.3 second-generation nymphs per leaf and 0.2–0.8 third-generation nymphs per leaf depending on predicted price and yield for insecticide applications at 1,300 pear psylla degree days in the second generation and 2,600 pear psylla degree days in the third generation. Natural enemy inaction thresholds identified by this study were 6 Deraeocoris brevis or 3 Campylomma verbasci immatures per 30 trays or 2 earwigs per trap for third-generation optional insecticide applications.
Towards terminological resources tailored to the users’ needs: Terminology extraction based on appositive constructions
Authors: Speranza Giulia , di Buono Maria Pia , Monti Johanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Terminological resources (TRs) are indispensable tools for accessing a specialized domain of knowledge. In this article, we propose a methodology for extracting terms and relevant linguistic information, useful for different users, hinging on the nature of some special linguistic structures: appositive constructions. The case study for our proof of concept in this investigation is the domain of Cultural Heritage. For such purpose, we compile a parallel Italian–English domain corpus in the specialized sub-domain of archaeology, for extracting data to be later stored in TRs tailored to three target users: (1) translators and interpreters, (2) technical communicators, and (3) the general public or laypeople.
Terminologie collaborative: analyse d'un projet inter-universitaire outillé en contexte européen
Authors: Elbaz Pascale , Loupaki Elpida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze a collaborative terminology project undertaken jointly by three academic institutions as well as a Terminology Unit, in the framework of a European cooperation. For this purpose, we will analyze the theoretical and practical aspects necessary for a successful collaboration, including methodology and workflow; we will evaluate the performance of the different tools that were used by our students; we will present FAIRterm, a recently developed resource for collaborative compilation of multilingual terminology records, which our teams were the first to test the beta version. Our terminology approach is textual and descriptive, and our framework is that of higher education, in the specialization of professional translation.
A systematic review of Automatic Term Extraction: What happened in 2022?
Authors: Di Nunzio Giorgio Maria , Marchesin Stefano , Silvello Gianmaria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Automatic Term Extraction (ATE) systems have been studied for many decades as, among other things, one of the most important tools for tasks such as information retrieval, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, and others. The interest in this topic has even increased in recent years given the support and improvement of the new neural approaches. In this article, we present a follow-up on the discussions about the pipeline that allows extracting key terms from medical reports, presented at MDTT 2022, and analyze the very last papers about ATE in a systematic review fashion. We analyzed the journal and conference papers published in 2022 (and partially in 2023) about ATE and cluster them into subtopics according to the focus of the papers for a better presentation.
PO+−He collision: ab initio potential energy surface and inelastic rotational rate coefficients
Authors: Chahal Pooja , Dhilip Kumar T J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Computations involving quantum dynamics are performed to attain cross-sections corresponding to rotational de-excitation and excitation rates of the PO+ species including four rotational lines recently detected in the interstellar molecular clouds. New ab initio potential energy surface (PES) for PO+−He collision is constructed by using CCSD(T) method and basis set extrapolated to complete basis set limit (CBS) considering a rigid rotor approximation. The PES is then trained to create neural network (NN) model to construct an augmented surface with angular coordinates at 1° intervals. The PES has a global minimum located at $\theta =110{}^{\circ }$ and R = 3.1 Å. An analytical fitting is performed on the NN surface to obtain the first 41 radial coefficients needed to solve the equations of the coupled-channel method. The essentially precise close coupling approach is used to compute the rotational (de-)excitation cross-sections till 1400 cm−1 with rotational states converged up to 26. Further, these cross-sections are thermally averaged to get the rate coefficients for various rotational transitions till 200 K. The propensity rule favours the odd transitions (Δj = 1) for the current study. The rate for the transition 5 → 4 is found to be higher than transition 1→ 0 by a factor of 3.1 at T = 20 K that decreases to 2.1 at T = 100 K.
A new buoyancy instability in galaxy clusters due to streaming cosmic rays
Authors: Kempski Philipp , Quataert Eliot , Squire Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are believed to provide the energy that prevents runaway cooling of gas in the cores of galaxy clusters. However, how this energy is transported and thermalized throughout the Intracluster Medium (ICM) remains unclear. In recent work, we showed that streaming cosmic rays (CRs) destabilize sound waves in dilute ICM plasmas. Here, we show that CR streaming in the presence of gravity also destabilizes a pressure-balanced wave. We term this new instability the CR buoyancy instability (CRBI). In stark contrast to standard results without CRs, the pressure-balanced mode is highly compressible at short wavelengths due to CR streaming. Maximal growth rates are of order (pc/pg)β1/2ωff, where pc/pg is the ratio of CR pressure to thermal gas pressure, β is the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure, and ωff is the free-fall frequency. The CRBI operates alongside buoyancy instabilities driven by background heat fluxes, i.e. the heat-flux-driven buoyancy instability (HBI) and the magneto-thermal instability (MTI). When the thermal mean free path lmfp is ≪ the gas scale height H, the HBI/MTI set the growth rate on large scales, while the CRBI sets the growth rate on small scales. Conversely, when lmfp ∼ H and (pc/pg)β1/2 ≳ 1, CRBI growth rates exceed HBI/MTI growth rates even on large scales. Our results suggest that CR-driven instabilities may be partially responsible for the sound waves/weak shocks and turbulence observed in galaxy clusters. CR-driven instabilities generated near radio bubbles may also play an important role redistributing AGN energy throughout clusters.
The broadening of the main sequence in the open cluster M38
Authors: Griggio M , Salaris M , Bedin L R , Cassisi S 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Our recent multiband photometric study of the colour width of the lower main sequence of the open cluster M37 has revealed the presence of a sizeable initial chemical composition spread in the cluster. If initial chemical composition spreads are common amongst open clusters, this would have major implications for cluster formation models and the foundation of the chemical tagging technique. Here, we present a study of the unevolved main sequence of the open cluster M38, employing Gaia DR3 photometry and astrometry, together with newly acquired Sloan photometry. We have analysed the distribution of the cluster’s lower main-sequence stars with a differential colour–colour diagram made of combinations of Gaia and Sloan magnitudes, like in the study of M37. We employed synthetic stellar populations to reproduce the observed trend of M38 stars in this diagram and found that the observed colour spreads can be explained simply by the combined effect of differential reddening across the face of the cluster and the presence of unresolved binaries. There is no need to include in the synthetic sample a spread of initial chemical composition as instead necessary to explain the main sequence of M37. Further photometric investigations like ours, as well as accurate differential spectroscopic analyses on large samples of open clusters, are necessary to understand whether chemical abundance spreads are common among the open cluster population.
Cognitive Archaeology
Authors: Donald Merlin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the status of a theory of brain-culture coevolution derived largely from evidence within cognitive science. The theory employed archeological evidence to estimate the time and order of adaptative change. It proposed that the emergence of the human mind took place in three stages, each highly social and interactive, culminating in a novel multi-level memory system distributed across many brains, instead of restricted to a single brain. In the first stage, this cognitive-cultural system stored and transmitted procedural memories, mostly in the form of embodied skills. The system gradually expanded its reach to encompass various kinds of abstract and symbolic knowledge in later stages. While the basics of that theory are still in force, material culture has been strongly confirmed as a factor driving both brain and cognitive evolution in the later stages. Complex material culture, and the unpredictable “cognitive ecology” that it creates, placed brain plasticity and semantic memory under strong selection pressure well over a million years ago, and is still playing an active role in the realization of the genetic potential of the brain. As language and literacy have evolved, a minority “theoretic culture” has emerged in recent millennia, assuming top governance in human cognitive affairs. There is a real possibility that humanity is entering into a fourth cognitive transition period, driven by communication technology; this is briefly considered.
Ideas of Cognitive Evolution in the Making
Authors: Gowlett John A. J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Our studies of the evolution of the human mind and thinking have deep roots, going back far beyond the time when cognitive science emerged as a new label in the 1980s. A path of work, narrow but continuous in one discipline or other, extends from Darwin and Spencer to Lloyd Morgan, McDougall, Schmidt, Sherrington, Leroi-Gourhan, and Oakley. Others such as Rivers and Bartlett worked in related disciplines, including anthropology and experimental psychology. The school of Behaviorism was prominent, but not followed by all, as neuroscience and cybernetics developed new directions over a period, accelerated by the Second World War. The idea of separate levels of genetic and cultural evolution was well known to evolutionary biologists of the 1950s such as Julian Huxley. There are multiple intersecting threads of thought, rather than a tapestry in these developments, but they allow us to follow scholarly insights through a long period. These ideas remain useful to us now because they have the potential to renew and reinvigorate conventional thinking. This account explores the genesis of those ideas as relevant to the archaeology of human evolution.
Identification of small-molecule inhibitors against the interaction of RNA-binding protein PSF and its target RNA for cancer treatment
Authors: Takayama Ken-ichi , Matsuoka Seiji , Adachi Shungo , Honma Teruki , Yoshida Masahito , Doi Takayuki , Shin-ya Kazuo , Yoshida Minoru , Osada Hiroyuki , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diverse cellular activities are modulated through a variety of RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), by binding to certain proteins. The inhibition of oncogenic proteins or RNAs is expected to suppress cancer cell proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that PSF interaction with its target RNAs, such as androgen-induced lncRNA CTBP1-AS, is critical for hormone therapy resistance in prostate and breast cancers. However, the action of protein–RNA interactions remains almost undruggable to date. High-throughput screening (HTS) has facilitated the discovery of drugs for protein–protein interactions. In the present study, we developed an in vitro alpha assay using Flag peptide–conjugated lncRNA, CTBP1-AS, and PSF. We then constructed an effective HTS screening system to explore small compounds that inhibit PSF–RNA interactions. Thirty-six compounds were identified and dose-dependently inhibited PSF–RNA interaction in vitro. Moreover, chemical optimization of these lead compounds and evaluation of cancer cell proliferation revealed two promising compounds, N-3 and C-65. These compounds induced apoptosis and inhibited cell growth in prostate and breast cancer cells. By inhibiting PSF–RNA interaction, N-3 and C-65 up-regulated signals that are repressed by PSF, such as the cell cycle signals by p53 and p27. Furthermore, using a mouse xenograft model for hormone therapy–resistant prostate cancer, we revealed that N-3 and C-65 can significantly suppress tumor growth and downstream target gene expression, such as the androgen receptor (AR). Thus, our findings highlight a therapeutic strategy through the development of inhibitors for RNA-binding events in advanced cancers.