bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of smoking and depression among US adults: NHANES (2005–2018)
Authors: Wu Zhaoping , Yue Qiang , Zhao Zhen , Wen Jun , Tang Lanying , Zhong Zhenzhen , Yang Jiahui , Yuan Yingpu , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between smoking and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and depression from three aspects: smoking status, smoking volume, and smoking cessation.MethodsData from adults aged ≥20 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 were collected. The study gathered information about the participants' smoking status (never smokers, previous smokers, occasional smokers, daily smokers), smoking quantity per day, and smoking cessation. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score ≥10 indicating the presence of clinically relevant symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of smoking status, daily smoking volume, and smoking cessation duration with depression.ResultsPrevious smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.48] and occasional smokers (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39–2.45) were associated with a higher risk of depression compared with never smokers. Daily smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 2.05–2.75). In addition, a tendency toward a positive correlation was observed between daily smoking volume and depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24–2.19) (P for trend &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the longer the smoking cessation duration, the lower the risk of depression (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79) (P for trend &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsSmoking is a behavior that increases the risk of depression. The higher the smoking frequency and smoking volume, the higher the risk of depression, whereas smoking cessation is associated with decreased risk of depression, and the longer the smoking cessation duration, the lower the risk of depression.
Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on emergency department visits for urolithiasis: A time-series study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Xu Haoyue , Liu Yaqi , Wang Jianing , Jin Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have explored the correlation between short-term exposure to air pollution and urinary system diseases, but lack of evidence on the correlation between air pollution and urolithiasis.MethodsDaily data of emergency department visits (EDVs), concentrations of six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3) and meteorological variables were collected in Wuhan, China, from 2016 to 2018. And a time-series study was conducted to investigate short-term effects of air pollutants on urolithiasis EDVs. In addition, stratified analyses by season, age and gender were also conducted.ResultsA total of 7,483 urolithiasis EDVs were included during the study period. A 10-μg/m3 increase of SO2, NO2, PM2.5, CO, PM10, and O3 corresponded to 15.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69%, 30.11%), 1.96% (95% CI: 0.19%, 3.76%), 1.09% (95% CI:−0.24%, 2.43%), 0.14% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.26%), 0.72% (95% CI: 0.02%, 1.43%), and 1.17% (95% CI: 0.40%, 1.94%) increases in daily urolithiasis EDVs. Significant positive correlations were observed between SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 and urolithiasis EDVs. The correlations were mainly among females (especially PM2.5 and CO) and younger people (especially SO2, NO2, and PM10) but the effect of CO was more obvious in elders. Furthermore, the effects of SO2 and CO were stronger in warm seasons, while the effects of NO2 were stronger in cool seasons.ConclusionOur time-series study indicates that short-term exposure to air pollution (especially SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) was positively correlated with EDVs for urolithiasis in Wuhan, China, and the effects varied by season, age and gender.
A framework to distinguish healthy/cancer renal CT images using the fused deep features
Authors: Rajinikanth Venkatesan , Vincent P. M. Durai Raj , Srinivasan Kathiravan , Ananth Prabhu G. , Chang Chuan-Yu 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionCancer happening rates in humankind are gradually rising due to a variety of reasons, and sensible detection and management are essential to decrease the disease rates. The kidney is one of the vital organs in human physiology, and cancer in the kidney is a medical emergency and needs accurate diagnosis and well-organized management.MethodsThe proposed work aims to develop a framework to classify renal computed tomography (CT) images into healthy/cancer classes using pre-trained deep-learning schemes. To improve the detection accuracy, this work suggests a threshold filter-based pre-processing scheme, which helps in removing the artefact in the CT slices to achieve better detection. The various stages of this scheme involve: (i) Image collection, resizing, and artefact removal, (ii) Deep features extraction, (iii) Feature reduction and fusion, and (iv) Binary classification using five-fold cross-validation.Results and discussionThis experimental investigation is executed separately for: (i) CT slices with the artefact and (ii) CT slices without the artefact. As a result of the experimental outcome of this study, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier is able to achieve 100% detection accuracy by using the pre-processed CT slices. Therefore, this scheme can be considered for the purpose of examining clinical grade renal CT images, as it is clinically significant.
Plasma-neutral interactions in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere: The need for in situ measurements to address focused questions
Authors: Sarris Theodoros , Palmroth Minna , Aikio Anita , Buchert Stephan Christoph , Clemmons James , Clilverd Mark , Dandouras Iannis , Doornbos Eelco , Goodwin Lindsay Victoria , Grandin Maxime , Heelis Roderick , Ivchenko Nickolay , Moretto-Jørgensen Therese , Kervalishvili Guram , Knudsen David , Liu Han-Li , Lu Gang , Malaspina David M. , Marghitu Octav , Maute Astrid , Miloch Wojciech J. , Olsen Nils , Pfaff Robert , Stolle Claudia , Talaat Elsayed , Thayer Jeffrey , Tourgaidis Stelios , Verronen Pekka T. , Yamauchi Masatoshi 
Published: January 2023

The lower thermosphere-ionosphere (LTI) is a key transition region between Earth’s atmosphere and space. Interactions between ions and neutrals maximize within the LTI and in particular at altitudes from 100 to 200 km, which is the least visited region of the near-Earth environment. The lack of in situ co-temporal and co-spatial measurements of all relevant parameters and their elusiveness to most remote-sensing methods means that the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents remain poorly characterized to this date. This lack of measurements, together with the ambiguity in the quantification of key processes in the 100–200 km altitude range affect current modeling efforts to expand atmospheric models upward to include the LTI and limit current space weather prediction capabilities. We present focused questions in the LTI that are related to the complex interactions between its neutral and charged constituents. These questions concern core physical processes that govern the energetics, dynamics, and chemistry of the LTI and need to be addressed as fundamental and long-standing questions in this critically unexplored boundary region. We also outline the range of in situ measurements that are needed to unambiguously quantify key LTI processes within this region, and present elements of an in situ concept based on past proposed mission concepts.
Influence of bilateral nasal packing on sleep oxygen saturation after general anesthesia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Guan Shuwen , Zhao Tingting , Ye Jingying , Zhang Junbo 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effect of bilateral nasal packing on sleep oxygen saturation and its influencing factors on the first night after general anesthesia.MethodA total of 36 adult patients who underwent bilateral nasal packing with a nonabsorbable expanding sponge after general anesthesia surgery were prospectively studied. All these patients underwent overnight oximetry tests before and the first night after surgery. The following oximetry variables were collected for analysis: the lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT), the average oxygen saturation (ASAT), the oxygen desaturation index of ≥4% (ODI4), and the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90% (CT90).ResultsAmong the 36 patients, the incidences of both sleep hypoxemia and moderate-to-severe sleep hypoxemia increased with bilateral nasal packing after general anesthesia surgery. All the pulse oximetry variables we studied deteriorated significantly after surgery: both LSAT and ASAT decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), while both ODI4 and CT90 increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, body mass index (BMI), LSAT, and modified Mallampati grade were found to be independently predictive for a larger decrease in LSAT (≥5%) after surgery (all P’s &lt; 0.05).ConclusionBilateral nasal packing after general anesthesia could induce or aggravate sleep hypoxemia, especially in patients with obesity, relatively normal sleep oxygen saturation, and high modified Mallampati grades.
Unexpected arterial thrombosis and acute limb ischemia in a young male patient with COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Aljabri Badr , Aldossary Mohammed Yousef 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, raising significant concerns. COVID-19 can lead to thrombotic complications such as acute limb ischemia (ALI). In patients with COVID-19, thrombotic complications may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.Presentation of caseWe report the case of a 37-year-old man who presented with a 2 weeks history of right foot pain, toes blackish discoloration, and numbness. He tested positive for COVID-19 10 days prior to his presentation. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the lower limbs revealed near-complete occlusion of the right popliteal artery with single-vessel posterior tibial artery runoff. The patient was brought to a hybrid operating room, and diagnostic angiography confirmed the diagnosis. He underwent popliteal artery thromboembolectomy and intraoperative thrombolysis through a posterior approach. A completion angiography demonstrated a patent popliteal artery with a 2-vessels patency to the foot. His postoperative recovery was uneventful. After surgery, the popliteal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries were all palpable. The patient was discharged home on antiplatelet therapy with frequent postoperative follow-ups during the last 1 year in our outpatient clinic.DiscussionThe frequency of ALI has reduced worldwide, and the hypercoagulable condition remains an infrequent cause of limb ischemia. Patients with COVID-19 have a 35%–45% thromboembolic complication rate. In many studies, the virus launches a second attack between 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, possibly causing hypercoagulability. If conservative treatment fails, various surgical methods, including thromboembolectomy, thrombolysis, and thrombosuction, can be performed to treat ALI.ConclusionIn mild ALI symptoms, unfractionated heparin can be used with vigilant follow-up. Open and endovascular procedures are currently used to treat patients with acute limb ischemia, and technological advancements continue to make interventions easier and safer.
Comparison of flexible ureteroscopy in the treatment of 1–2 cm single nephrolithiasis and multiple nephrolithiasis
Authors: Lv Guangda , Zhou Yongheng , Qi Wenqiang , Zhong Minglei , Li Rongyang , Zhu Yaofeng 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy for single urinary stones with that of multiple urinary stones.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2016 to March 2021. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with no statistical difference in preoperative clinical data, and they were divided into solitary calculi and multiple calculi two groups. The postoperative hospital days, operation time, complications and stone free rate were compared between the two groups. And multiple stones were divided into high group (S-ReSc &gt; 4) and non-high group (S-ReSc ≤ 4) for analysis.Results313 patients were counted. After propensity score matching, 198 patients were finally included in the study. There were 99 cases in the solitary stone group and the multiple stone group. There were no significant differences in postoperative hospital days, complications and stone free rate between the two groups. The operation time of patients with solitary stone group was significantly shorter than that of patients with multiple stones (65.00 min, 45.00 min VS 90.00 min, 50.00 min, P &lt; 0.001). The SFR of high group in the multiple stones group was significantly lower than that in the non-high group (7, 58.3% VS 78, 89.7%, P = 0.013).ConclusionDespite the longer operation time, flexible ureteroscopy has similar outcomes in the treatment of multiple (S-Rec ≤ 4) compared to solitary calculi. Although, this doesn't apply when S-ReSc &gt; 4.
Evaluation of the mutant selection window of danofloxacin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an in vitro dynamic model
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Wang Hongjuan , Bai Yilin , Wang Lei , Bai Yueyu , Hu Jianhe 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe rapid emergence and widespread spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to the health of humans and animals. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration model based on mutant selection window (MSW) theory is an important method to optimize the dosage regimen to prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (AP) is a pathogen that can cause pleuropneumonia in pigs.MethodsWe employed an in vitro dynamic infection model (DIM) to study the prevention of drug-resistant mutations of danofloxacin against AP. A peristaltic pump was applied to establish an in vitro DIM to simulate the PK of danofloxacin in plasma, and to study the MSW of danofloxacin against AP. A peristaltic-pump in vitro infection model was established to simulate dynamic changes in the danofloxacin concentration in pig plasma. PK and PD data were obtained. Then, the relationship between PK/PD parameters and antibacterial activity was analyzed by the sigmoid Emax model.Results and discussionThe area under the curve during 24 h/ the minimum concentration that inhibits colony formation by 99% (AUC24h/MIC99) had the best-fitting relationship with antibacterial activity. The AUC24h/MIC99 values for a bacteriostatic effect, bactericidal effect, and eradication effect were 2.68, 33.67, and 71.58 h, respectively. We hope these results can provide valuable guidance when using danofloxacin to treat AP infection.
Scots Pines (Pinus sylvestris) as Sources of Biological Ice-Nucleating Macromolecules (INMs)
Authors: Seifried Teresa M. , Reyzek Florian , Bieber Paul , Grothe Hinrich 
Published: January 2023

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is the most widespread pine species in the world. It grows in the largest forest system in the northern hemisphere and, together with birch trees, occupies a major part of the boreal forests. Recently, birch trees have been discovered as important emission sources of terrestrial ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs) coming from pollen, bark, leaves, petioles, branches, and stem surfaces. It is known that pine pollen nucleate ice; however, the potential of other tree parts releasing INMs and contributing to the emission of ice-active aerosols is unknown. Here, we investigated the distribution of INMs in, on, and around Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) in a laboratory and field study. We collected bark, branch wood, and needle samples from six pine trees in an urban park in Vienna, Austria. The concentration of INMs from aqueous extracts of milled (powder extracts) and intact surfaces (surface extracts) were determined. In addition, we collected rainwater rinsed off from three pines during a rainfall event and analyzed its INM content. All investigated samples contained INMs with freezing onset temperatures ranging from −16 °C to −29 °C. The number concentration of INMs in powder extracts at −25 °C (nINMs−25 °C) ranged from 105 to 109 per mg dry weight. Surface extracts showed concentrations from 105 to 108 INMs per cm2 of extracted surface, with needle samples exhibiting the lowest concentrations. In the rain samples, we found 106 and 107 INMs per cm2 of rain-collector area at −25 °C, with freezing onset temperatures similar to those observed in powder and surface extracts. With our data, we estimate that one square meter of pine stand can release about 4.1 × 109 to 4.6 × 1012 INMs active at −25 °C and higher, revealing pine forests as an extensive reservoir of INMs. Since pines are evergreen and release INMs not only from pollen grains, pines and the boreal forest in general need to be considered as a dominant source of INMs in high latitude and high-altitude locations, where other species are rare and other ice nuclei transported over long distances are diluted. Finally, we propose pine trees as an INM emission source which can trigger immersion freezing events in cloud droplets at moderate supercooled temperatures and therefore may have a significant impact on altering mixed phase clouds.
Morphological Correlates of Locomotion in the Aquatic and the Terrestrial Phases of Pleurodeles waltl Newts from Southwestern Iberia
Authors: Zamora-Camacho Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2023

Animals capable of moving in different environments might face conflicting selection on morphology, thus posing trade-offs on the relationships between morphology and locomotor performance in each of these environments. Moreover, given the distinct ecological roles of the sexes, these relationships can be sexually dimorphic. In this article, I studied the relationships between morphological traits and locomotor performance in male and female semiaquatic Pleurodeles waltl newts in their aquatic and their terrestrial stages. Morphology was sexually dimorphic: males have proportionally longer limbs and tails, as well as a better body condition (only in the aquatic phase), whereas females were larger and had greater body mass in both phases. Nonetheless, these morphological differences did not translate into sexual divergence in locomotor performance in either stage. This finding suggests other functions for the morphological traits measured, among which only SVL showed a positive relationship with locomotor performance in both stages, whereas the effect of SMI was negative only in the terrestrial stage, and that of tail length was positive only in the aquatic stage. In any case, the morphological correlates of terrestrial and aquatic locomotion did not conflict, which suggests no trade-off between both locomotory modes in the newts studied.
Day-Time Roost Patterns of New and Previously Translocated North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)
Authors: Fraser Diane L. , Alach Julie M. , Adams Nigel J. , Aguilar Glenn D. 
Published: January 2023

Information on the day-time roost areas of North Island brown kiwi (NIBK) (Apteryx mantelli), particularly post-translocation, is limited. This study aimed to determine the day-time roost areas of newly translocated NIBK and compare these with birds that had established from a translocation in the previous year. Radio telemetry was used to monitor sub-adult NIBK in the first three weeks post-translocation simultaneously with birds released in the previous year. The data from 15 birds (nine translocated in 2014 and six translocated in 2013) were used to calculate the area over which roost sites were distributed. Areas were estimated using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP, Ha) and 50 percentile kernel density estimation (KDE, Ha). No significant difference in MCP was determined between newly translocated 2014 birds (21.3 Ha, SE 7.92) and those translocated in 2013 (22.85 Ha, SE 10.84) or between KDE50 for 2013 birds (16.30 Ha, SE 7.44) compared with 2014 birds (20.66 Ha, SE 8.29). Within the first three weeks post-translocation, most of the 2014 birds remained within the vicinity of their release site, which may be due to a combination of suitable habitat/roost sites and the ‘anchoring’ effect of previously established 2013 birds. This study provides new information on roost areas of newly translocated NIBK and highlights the importance of post-translocation monitoring.
Effect of Immature Rubus occidentalis on Postoperative Pain in a Rat Model
Authors: Choi Geun Joo , Kang Hyun , Lee Oh Haeng , Kwon Ji Wung 
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the analgesic properties of immature Rubus occidentalis extract (iROE) using a postoperative-pain rat model. We also aimed to compare the analgesic effects of iROE to those of mature R. occidentalis extract (mROE) and examine the proinflammatory cytokine response and associated underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: In adult male Sprague Dawley rats, acute postoperative pain was induced through plantar hind-paw incisions. After the plantar incisions were made, the rats were intraperitoneally administered with normal saline or various doses of iROE and mROE to investigate and compare the analgesic effects of iROE and mROE. The mechanisms underlying iROE-induced analgesia were investigated via post-incisional administration of yohimbine, dexmedetomidine, prazosin, naloxone, atropine, or mecamylamine, followed by iROE. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) evaluations with von Frey filaments were carried out at different time points. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)–1β, and IL-6 were measured to assess inflammatory responses. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) analysis were used to analyze the analgesic effect data. Results: The MWTs demonstrated significant increases in iROE in a dose-dependent manner up to 2 h after the plantar incisions were made. An LMEM analysis demonstrated that iROE yielded a significantly greater analgesic effect than mROE, but there was no significant difference between the two according to MANOVA. Dexmedetomidine enhanced the MWT-confirmed iROE response, while yohimbine and naloxone diminished it. Administration of iROE significantly attenuated the post-incisional increases in serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Conclusions: The iROE demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of incisional pain, which were more pronounced than those associated with mROE. The analgesic activity of iROE may be associated with α2-adrenergic and opioid receptors.