bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Paradigms in the Initial Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy at a University Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Tavares Bárbara Virginia Gonçalves , Delfino Letícia Sathler , Ignarro Isabella Silvestre , Baccaro Luiz Francisco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the use of different treatment options for ectopic pregnancy and the frequency of severe complications in a university hospital.
Methods Observational study with women with ectopic pregnancy admitted at UNICAMP Womeńs Hospital, Brazil, between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2017. The outcome variables were the type of treatment (first choice) and the presence of severe complications. Independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Cochran–Armitage test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test and multiple Cox regression.
Results In total 673 women were included in the study. The mean age was 29.0 years (± 6.1) and the mean gestational age was 7.7 (± 2.5). The frequency of surgical treatment decreased significantly over time (z = -4.69; p < 0.001). Conversely, there was a significant increase in the frequency of methotrexate treatment (z = 4.73; p < 0.001). Seventy-one women (10.5%) developed some type of severe complication. In the final statistical model, the prevalence of severe complications was higher in women who were diagnosed with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy at admission (PR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.61–5.46), did not present with vaginal bleeding (PR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.41–4.25), had never undergone laparotomy/laparoscopy (PR = 6.69; 95%CI: 1.62–27.53), had a non-tubal ectopic pregnancy (PR = 4.61; 95%CI: 1.98–10.74), and do not smoke (PR = 2.41; 95%CI: 1.08–5.36).
Conclusion there was a change in the first treatment option for cases of ectopic pregnancy in the hospital during the period of analysis. Factors inherent to a disease that is more difficult to treat are related to a higher frequency of severe complications.
Preparation and Study on the Single-Crystal Structure of Flurbiprofen–Salicylamide Co-crystal
Authors: Hou Jia-Wei , Gong Yan-Qing , Li Gang , Ma Li-Wen , Pan Hong-Juan , Shan Han-Bin , Zhong Jia-Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCo-crystals can improve the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical active ingredients, and thus have great potential in improving drug performance. Some studies have obtained the powder spectrum of the co-crystal of flurbiprofen (FBP) and salicylamide (2-OHBZA) but have not obtained a single-crystal structure. In this study, co-crystals of FBP-2-OHBZA with a molar ratio of 1:1 were obtained by slow evaporation using ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran for verification. Density functional theory was used to optimize the structure of the hydrogen bond and π−π stacking formed by the co-crystal of FBP and 2-OHBZA. The assay results of the co-crystals of FBP-2-OHBZA are in good agreement with the calculated values reported.
The Use of Mid-Pregnancy Cervical Length to Predict Preterm Birth in Brazilian Asymptomatic Twin Gestations
Authors: Silva Thaís Valéria , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , França Marcelo Santucci , Marquat Kaline Fernandes , Argenton Juliana Passos , Mol Ben Willem , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective To describe a reference curve for cervical length (CL) in mid-trimester twin gestations using transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and to investigate whether short CL increases spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in asymptomatic twin pregnancies.
Methods This was a prospective cohort study performed at 17 outpatient antenatal facilities of Brazil with women at 18 0/7 to 22 6/7 weeks of gestation who participated in a randomized clinical trial screening phase (P5 trial) between July 2015 and March 2019. TVU was performed to provide CL measurement in all screened women. Almost all women with CL ≤ 30 mm received vaginal progesterone 200mg/day and they were also randomized to receive cervical pessary or not. We considered data from the CL distribution among asymptomatic twin pregnancies and analyzed CL and its association with PTB generating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves.
Results A total of 253 pregnant women with twins were included in the distribution curve. The mean CL was 33.7 mm and median was 35.5mm. The 10th percentile was 17.8mm. We identified a PTB rate of 73.9% (187/253) with 33.6% of sPTB < 37 (85/253) and 15% (38/253) of sPTB < 34 weeks. The best cutoff point to predict sPTB < 37 was 24.15 mm. However, the ROC curve showed a poor performance (0.64). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves identified that only CL values ≤ 20mm were associated to sPTB < 34 weeks.
Conclusion A cutoff point of CL ≤ 20 mm can be interesting point to identify short cervix in Brazilian twin pregnancies. However, in Brazilian asymptomatic twin pregnancies, CL does not show a good performance to predict PTB.
Do Chinese subordinates trust their German supervisors? A model of inter-cultural trust development
Authors: Bueechl Joerg , Pudelko Markus , Gillespie Nicole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this qualitative study based on 95 interviews with Chinese subordinates and their German supervisors, we inductively develop a model which advances theoretical understanding by showing how inter-cultural trust development in hierarchical relationships is the result of six distinct elements: the subordinate trustor’s cultural profile (cosmopolitans, hybrids, culturally bounds), the psychological mechanisms operating within the trustor (role expectations and cultural accommodation), and contextual moderators (e.g., country context, time spent in foreign culture, and third-party influencers), which together influence the trust forms (e.g., presumptive trust, relational trust) and trust dynamics (e.g., trust breakdown and repair) within relationship phases over time (initial contact, trust continuation, trust disillusionment, separation, and acculturation). Our findings challenge the assumption that cultural differences result in low levels of initial trust and highlight the strong role the subordinate’s cultural profile can have on the dynamics and trajectory of trust in hierarchical relationships. Our model highlights that inter-cultural trust development operates as a variform universal, following the combined universalistic-particularistic paradigm in cross-cultural management, with both culturally generalizable etic dynamics, as well as culturally specific etic manifestations.
Political Patronage and Economic Opportunity: Vertical Integration in Egyptian Textiles and Clothing
Authors: El-Haddad Amirah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUtilizing an original data set, this paper demonstrates how protectionist industrial policy during the period of hybrid liberalization has shaped the organizational structure of clothing firms in Egypt. It investigates determinants of vertical integration of clothing firms into fabric production. High-end market segments are a critical determinant of integration. Limited access to finance restricts the possibilities for many firms to undertake the investment required to integrate, whilst volatile and uncertain market conditions make firms more likely to rely on the market for their inputs. But there are nuances related to market segment. Producers of higher quality garments rely on imported textiles, so these producers do not integrate even if search and switch costs are high. But the opposite is true of producers relying on domestic suppliers. Foreign institutions are better able to ensure contract enforcement with respect to quality and timely delivery so that suppliers’ opportunistic behaviour is deterred, reducing the necessity of clothing firms to integrate. This may not be the case with respect to domestic suppliers when domestic institutions do not guarantee the same level of enforcement. The adoption of the hybrid liberalization model meant that the transition to a market economy was not preceded by the creation of the necessary regulatory framework. This model resulted in inefficient upstream production and in an institutional setting conducive to agency problems. It also meant that business suffers excessive and inefficient bureaucracy. It is thus not possible for firms to achieve the first best outcome of arm’s length relations based on frictionless market transactions. Given these structural constraints firms opt for the second best solution of make rather than buy, i.e. vertical integration. But only some firms are able to use the arbitrary and discretionary decision making system to their favour, negotiating government obstacles to successful business. Those linked to power, prospered, whilst the businesses of others foundered against the wall of patronage, bureaucracy and red tape.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate regulation of luteinising hormone-induced steroidogenesis and proliferation of bovine theca cells in vitro
Authors: Medina-Moctezuma Zaire B. , Hernández-Coronado Cyndi G. , Marín-López Lydia , Guzmán Adrián , González-Aretia David , Gutiérrez Carlos G. , Rosales-Torres Ana Ma. 
Published: May 2023

Context Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesised by follicle granulosa cells under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone and seems to be necessary for the biological effects of this gonadotrophin. Aims To determine if luteinising hormone (LH) increases S1P production and if this sphingolipid, either induced by LH or added to culture media, regulates steroidogenesis and cell viability in bovine theca cells. Methods We used bovine theca cell cultures treated with: S1P (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM; Experiment 1), LH (0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 ng mL−1; Experiment 2) and LH (0.02 ng mL−1) plus a sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI-178; 0, 5 and 10 μM; Experiment 3). Key results Treatment with S1P did not affect (P > 0.05) theca cell viability or their ability to produce progesterone and testosterone. LH (0.02 ng mL−1) increased (P < 0.05) S1P production, and stimulated the expression of phosphorylated sphingosine kinase-1 (pSPHK1). However, the inhibition of SPHK1, by a specific SPHK1 inhibitor (SKI-178), reduced (P < 0.05) cell viability and progesterone secretion. Additionally, the use of SKI-178 increased theca cell testosterone production (P < 0.05). Conclusions S1P added to culture media did not affect cell viability or steroid synthesis. However, LH stimulated the production of S1P, by increasing phosphorylation of SPHK1 in theca cells. This intracellular S1P was inhibitory on testosterone production but augmented progesterone and viable cell number. Implications These results suggest a novel signalling pathway for LH in theca cells and underline the importance of S1P in the regulation of steroid synthesis.
Quantum criticality induced strong coupling between resonant modes
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Zheng Anshou , Liu Jibing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a scheme to achieve a strong interaction between an optical cavity and a single polariton mode of an optomechanical cavity, despite a weak initial coupling between the two. This interaction is made possible by quantum criticality, and the coupled system comprising two optical cavities and an optomechanical cavity displays a phenomenon similar to the concepts of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting in atomic physics.
New optical dispersion models for the accurate description of the electrical permittivity in direct and indirect semiconductors
Authors: Lizárraga K , Enrique-Morán L A , Tejada A , Piñeiro M , Llontop P , Serquen E , Perez E , Korte L , Guerra J A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose new optical dispersion models to describe the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity of dielectric and semiconductor materials in the fundamental absorption region. We work out our procedure based on the well-known structure of the semi-empirical Tauc–Lorentz dispersion model and the band-fluctuations approach to derive a five-parameter formula that describes the Urbach, Tauc and high-absorption regions of direct and indirect semiconductors. Main features of the dispersion models are the self-consistent generation of the exponential Urbach tail below the bandgap and the incorporation of the Lorentz oscillator behavior due to electronic transitions above the fundamental region. We apply and test these models on optical data of direct (MAPbI3, gallium arsenide and indium phosphide), indirect (gallium phosphide and crystalline silicon), and amorphous hydrogenated silicon semiconductors, accurately describing the spectra of the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity. Lastly, we compare our results with other similarly inspired dispersion models to assess the optical bandgap, Urbach tail and oscillator central resonance energy.
Enhanced magneto-optical Kerr effect via the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance and spin–orbit coupling in Au@Pt nanohybrid layers
Authors: Lou Peiyang , Wu Qiong , Zhang Chang , Wang Ziqi , Song Yujun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Improving the magneto-optical saturation signal of materials is a crucial area of research in the field of magneto-optical effect. Au@Pt nanohybrids (Au@Pt NHs) with surface plasmon resonance and spin–orbit coupling effects were fabricated using a microfluidic technique in this investigation. The Au@Pt NHs were directly dripped onto the CoFeB/W film as a deposition layer, and its dual-mode resonance was applied to increase the longitudinal saturated magneto-optical Kerr angle of the CoFeB/W film by 4.4 times. The innovative concept of using a dual-mode resonance in this paper provides a new idea for the further search of materials that have large magneto-optical coefficients.
Three-quasineutron γ-band in 127Xe
Authors: Chakraborty S , Sharma H P , Jehangir S , Tiwary S S , Majumder C , Gupta A K , Bhat G H , Sheikh J A , Rather N , Banerjee P , Ganguly S , Rai S , Pragati  , Muralithar S , Singh R P , Bhattacharjee S S , Kumar S , Mayank  , Kumar A , Palit R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Structures of negative parity multi-quasiparticle states in 127Xe have been investigated through in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Excited states were populated via the 122Sn(9Be, 4nγ)127Xe fusion-evaporation reaction at E
beam = 48 MeV. Two new negative parity bands have been identified and their structures have been discussed using the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach. One of the bands is established above the I

π
= 27/2− state at 3702 keV and based on the experimental inferences and TPSM results, this band is interpreted as a γ-band built on a three-quasineutron configuration. The second sequence, found above I

π
= 31/2− state at 4848 keV, is proposed to have a two-proton aligned configuration (

ν

h

11

/

2

⨂
π

h

11

/

2

2

), considering the properties of this band with the neighbouring isotopes. The analysis of the TPSM wave function substantiates the proposed interpretation of this band.
Radiosensitivity and early onset cancer
Authors: Chadwick K H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article is concerned with the radioprotection of a substantial radiosensitive population who present with cancer in early adulthood and will probably be treated with radiotherapy. A theory of radiation-induced health effects based on the induction of DNA double strand breaks is used to associate the radio-sensitivity of carriers of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and the PALB2 gene with the defects in the homologous recombination repair of DNA damage found in the carriers. It is concluded that the defects in homologous recombination repair in these carriers will lead to an increased level of somatic mutations in all their cells and that this increased level of somatic mutations throughout their lifetime is, essentially, the reason that the carriers develop early onset cancer. This is a direct consequence of the more rapid accumulation of the cancer-inducing somatic mutations than the normal, slower accumulation in non-carriers. The radiotherapeutic treatment of these carriers needs to proceed with some care, taking account of their increased radio-sensitivity, and this suggests a need for international recognition and guidance of their radioprotection within the medical profession.
Coupled KIPP-EDGE2D modeling of parallel transport in the SOL and divertor plasma for the ITER baseline scenario
Authors: Chankin A V , Corrigan G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The KInetic code for Plasma Periphery (KIPP) models the parallel (along magnetic field lines) propagation of charged particles in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor of tokamaks. An iterative coupling between KIPP and a 2D edge fluid code, EDGE2D, which in turn is coupled to the Monte Carlo solver for neutrals, EIRENE, was used to achieve a converged KIPP-EDGE2D-EIRENE solution. In the iterative coupling algorithm, KIPP transfers kinetic parallel electron and ion heat conductivities to EDGE2D, whereas EDGE2D returns to KIPP 2D distributions of macroscopic plasma parameters across the computations grid. The initial EDGE2D-EIRENE solution simulated the SOL and divertor plasma of the ITER inter-edge localized mode (ELM) baseline scenario. This work employs the same methodology as an earlier study based on the analysis of JET high radiative H-mode conditions, with strong nitrogen injection leading to partial detachment at divertor targets (Chankin et al 2022 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
64 095007). The results are qualitatively similar to those of the JET study in demonstrating the strong heat flux limiting effect, together with the rise in electron and ion temperatures in the main SOL. At the same time, the kinetic effects of the parallel propagation of charged particles are not expected to drastically change the target power deposition at divertor targets calculated by EDGE2D-EIRENE alone.
Carathéodory’s thermodynamics of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence
Authors: Fathi Mohsen , Molina Martín , Villanueva J R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we apply the Carathéodory’s method of geometrothermodynamics to investigate the behavior of the main thermodynamic parameters associated with a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence. The corresponding Pfaffian form is constructed by means of the Schwarzschild radius r

s
, and the quintessential radius r

γ
, as independent variables. This form is then used to characterize the thermodynamic manifold. The homogeneity of the system allows for the recognition of the empirical temperature and entropy, and thus, connects with the usual laws of thermodynamics. In particular, we show that the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies lead to the same value for the Schwarzschild black hole, in the case of the vanishing cosmological term.
Surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles in two-dimensional elastic system
Authors: Tang Wanjing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles in a two-dimensional elastic system. We use the layer potential technique related to the elastic equations and make an asymptotic expansion of the disturbed elastic wave field about the size of nanoparticles. The principal term in the asymptotic expansion mentioned earlier is related to the Neumann-Poincáre operator in the elastic system. Finally, the surface plasmon resonance is investigated by the spectral properties of the Neumann-Poincáre operator.
Hybrid metric-Palatini Higgs inflation
Authors: He Minxi , Mikura Yusuke , Tada Yuichiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose an extension of the Higgs inflation to the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity,
where we introduce non-minimal couplings between Higgs and both the metric-type and the
Palatini-type Ricci scalars. We study the inflationary phenomenology of our model and find that
slow-roll inflation can be realized in the large-field regime, giving the observationally favored
predictions. In particular, the scalar spectral index exhibits an attractor behavior to
n
s ∼ 0.964, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio can take an arbitrary value depending
on the non-minimal coupling parameters, with the metric-Higgs limit r ∼ 10-3 being the
maximum. We also investigate the unitarity property of our model. As the ultraviolet (UV) cutoff
as a low-energy effective field theory (EFT) of this model is significantly lower than the Planck
scale due to a strong curvature of field-space, we consider a possible candidate of UV-extended
theories with an additional scalar field introduced so as to flatten the field-space in
five-dimension. While the field-space can be flatten completely and this approach can lead to a
weakly-coupled EFT, we gain an implication that Planck-scale EFT can be only realized in the limit
of metric-Higgs inflation. We also discuss generalizations of the model up to
mass-dimension four.
Type Ia Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems: A Review
Authors: Liu Zheng-Wei , Röpke Friedrich K. , Han Zhanwen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a key role in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that SNe Ia arise from thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems. However, there is no consensus on the fundamental aspects of the nature of SN Ia progenitors and their actual explosion mechanism. This fundamentally flaws our understanding of these important astrophysical objects. In this review, we outline the diversity of SNe Ia and the proposed progenitor models and explosion mechanisms. We discuss the recent theoretical and observational progress in addressing the SN Ia progenitor and explosion mechanism in terms of the observables at various stages of the explosion, including rates and delay times, pre-explosion companion stars, ejecta–companion interaction, early excess emission, early radio/X-ray emission from circumstellar material interaction, surviving companion stars, late-time spectra and photometry, polarization signals and supernova remnant properties. Despite the efforts from both the theoretical and observational sides, questions of how the WDs reach an explosive state and what progenitor systems are more likely to produce SNe Ia remain open. No single published model is able to consistently explain all observational features and the full diversity of SNe Ia. This may indicate that either a new progenitor paradigm or an improvement in current models is needed if all SNe Ia arise from the same origin. An alternative scenario is that different progenitor channels and explosion mechanisms contribute to SNe Ia. In the next decade, the ongoing campaigns with the James Webb Space Telescope, Gaia and the Zwicky Transient Facility, and upcoming extensive projects with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time and the Square Kilometre Array will allow us to conduct not only studies of individual SNe Ia in unprecedented detail but also systematic investigations for different subclasses of SNe Ia. This will advance theory and observations of SNe Ia sufficiently far to gain a deeper understanding of their origin and explosion mechanism.