bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Testicular Parameters of Wistar Rats Subjected to Resistance Exercise Training
Authors: Guimarães-Ervilha Luiz Otávio , Soares Leôncio Lopes , Bento Isabela da Silva Pereira , Carvalho Renner Philipe Rodrigues , Lima Thainá Iasbik , Dias Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro , Bastos Daniel Silva Sena , Cossolin Jamile Fernanda Silva , Souza Ana Cláudia Ferreira , Reis Emily Correna Carlo , Serrão José Eduardo , Natali Antônio José , Machado-Neves Mariana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated arterial pressure and vascular resistance. PAH may cause alterations in the microcirculation of several organs, including the kidney, liver, brain, and testes. However, it remains unclear whether monocrotaline-induced PAH exerts detrimental effects on animal testes. Thus, we analyzed the impact of PAH on testicular morphology and function. Additionally, we investigated the effect of resistance exercise training (RT) on testicular parameters in PAH rats. Eight healthy Wistar rats and eight PAH rats were subjected to RT training for 30 days; the other PAH and healthy rats (n = 8/group) did not exercise. PAH rats had lower reproductive organ weight, serum testosterone levels, testicular glucose, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, Leydig cell parameters, tubular morphometry, germ cell counts, and daily sperm production than healthy animals did. The practice of RT attenuated the negative impact of PAH on the relative weights of the testes and epididymides, Leydig cell number, nuclear volume, testicular NO levels, and seminiferous epithelium architecture. Moreover, RT positively influenced testosterone levels in PAH animals. We conclude that PAH exerts deleterious effects on testicular histology and function. However, RT can be beneficial to the PAH-affected testicular parameters.
New constraints on decaying dark matter from INTEGRAL/SPI
Authors: Fischer S , Malyshev D , Ducci L , Santangelo A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBased on almost 20 yr of data collected by the high-resolution spectrometer SPI on board the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), we present constraints on a decaying dark matter particle undergoing a decay into two bodies, at least one of which is a photon, manifesting itself via a narrow line-like spectral feature. Our ON-OFF type analysis of the Milky Way observations allowed us to constrain the lifetime to be ≳1020−1021 yr for DM particles with masses $40\, \text{keV}\, \lt \, M_{\text{DM}}\, \lt \, 14\, \text{MeV}$. Within this mass range, our analysis also reveals 32 line-like features detected at ≥3σ significance, 29 of which coincide with known instrumental and astrophysical lines. In particular, we report on the detection of the electron-positron annihilation (511 keV) and 26Al (1809 keV) lines with spatial profiles consistent with previous results in the literature. For the particular case of the sterile neutrino DM, we report the limits on the mixing angle as a function of sterile neutrino mass. We discuss the dominant impact of systematic uncertainties connected to the strongly time-variable INTEGRAL/SPI instrumental background as well as the ones connected to the uncertainties of MW DM density profile measurements on the derived results.
Tree-based solvers for adaptive mesh refinement code FLASH – III: a novel scheme for radiation pressure on dust and gas and radiative transfer from diffuse sources
Authors: Klepitko A , Walch S , Wünsch R , Seifried D , Dinnbier F , Haid S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Radiation is an important contributor to the energetics of the interstellar medium, yet its transport is difficult to solve numerically. We present a novel approach towards solving radiative transfer of diffuse sources via backwards ray tracing. Here, we focus on the radiative transfer of infrared radiation and the radiation pressure on dust. The new module, TreeRay/RadPressure, is an extension to the novel radiative transfer method TreeRay implemented in the grid-based Magneto-Hydrodynamics code Flash. In TreeRay/RadPressure, every cell and every star particle is a source of infrared radiation. We also describe how gas, dust, and radiation are coupled via a chemical network. This allows us to compute the local dust temperature in thermal equilibrium, leading to a significantly improvement over the classical grey approximation. In several tests, we demonstrate that the scheme produces the correct radiative intensities as well as the correct momentum input by radiation pressure. Subsequently, we apply our new scheme to model massive star formation from a collapsing, turbulent core of 150 M⊙. We include the effects of both, ionizing and infrared radiation on the dynamics of the core. We find that the newborn massive star prevents fragmentation in its proximity due to radiative heating. Over time, dust and radiation temperature equalize, while the gas temperature can be either warmer due to shock heating or colder due to insufficient dust–gas coupling. Compared to gravity, the effects of radiation pressure are insignificant for the stellar mass on the simulated time-scale in this work.
Gamma-ray flares from pulsar wind nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Nizamov B A , Pshirkov M S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHigh-energy radiation of young pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is known to be variable. This is exemplified by the Crab nebula, which can undergo both rapid brightenings and dimmings. Two pulsars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, PSR J0540–6919 and PSR J0537–6910, are evolutionally close to Crab, so one may expect the same kind of variability from the PWNe around them. In this work, we search for flaring activity in these PWNe in gamma-rays using the data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the range 100 MeV–10 GeV collected from 2008 August to 2021 December. We construct light curves of these sources in the three bands, 100–300 MeV, 300–1000 MeV, and 1–10 GeV, with one-week resolution. We find evidence of flaring activity in all the bands, in contrast with Crab, where no flares at E&gt;1 GeV were observed. Analysis of the flaring episode in the 100–300 and 300–1000 MeV bands indicates that the flux of one of the PWNe could grow by a factor of ≈5–10, and the statistical significance of the flare detection reaches 6σ. We are not confident about which of the two PWNe flared because of their proximity in the sky. However, in the 1–10 GeV band, where the angular resolution of LAT is better, we find several episodes of enhanced brightness in both the PWNe. We check possible contaminants which could be responsible for the observed variability but find their contribution not to be relevant.
Evidence to disfavour dual-core systems leading to double-peaked narrow emission lines
Authors: Zhang XueGuang , Zheng Qi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an interesting method is proposed to test dual-core systems for double-peaked narrow emission lines through a precious dual-core system with double-peaked narrow Balmer lines in the main galaxy but with single-peaked narrow Balmer lines in the companion galaxy. Under a dual-core system, considering narrow Balmer (Hα and Hβ) emissions (fe,α and fe,β) from a companion galaxy that are covered by the SDSS fiber for the main galaxy and narrow Balmer emissions (fc,α and fc,β) from the companion galaxy covered by the SDSS fiber for the companion galaxy, the same flux ratios fe,α/fc,α = fe,β/fc,β can be expected, owing to the totally similar physical conditions of each narrow Balmer emission region. Next, the precious dual-core system in SDSS J2219–0938 is discussed. After subtracting the pPXF code determined stellar lights, double-peaked narrow Balmer emission lines are confirmed in the main galaxy with a confidence level higher than 5σ, but single-peaked narrow Balmer emission lines are confirmed in the companion galaxy. Through measured fluxes of the emission components, fe,α/fc,α is about 0.82, which is different from fe,β/fc,β ∼ 0.52, which disfavours a dual-core system for the double-peaked narrow Balmer emission lines in SDSS J2219–0938.
Bayesian field-level inference of primordial non-Gaussianity using next-generation galaxy surveys
Authors: Andrews Adam , Jasche Jens , Lavaux Guilhem , Schmidt Fabian 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Detecting and measuring a non-Gaussian signature of primordial origin in the density field is a major science goal of next-generation galaxy surveys. The signal will permit us to determine primordial-physics processes and constrain models of cosmic inflation. While traditional approaches use a limited set of statistical summaries of the galaxy distribution to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity, we present a field-level approach by Bayesian forward modelling the entire three-dimensional galaxy survey. Since our method includes the entire cosmic field in the analysis, it can naturally and fully self-consistently exploit all available information in the large-scale structure, to extract information on the local non-Gaussianity parameter, fnl. Examples include higher order statistics through correlation functions, peculiar velocity fields through redshift-space distortions, and scale-dependent galaxy bias. To illustrate the feasibility of field-level primordial non-Gaussianity inference, we present our approach using a first-order Lagrangian perturbation theory model, approximating structure growth at sufficiently large scales. We demonstrate the performance of our approach through various tests with self-consistent mock galaxy data emulating relevant features of the SDSS-III/BOSS-like survey, and additional tests with a Stage IV mock data set. These tests reveal that the method infers unbiased values of fnl by accurately handling survey geometries, noise, and unknown galaxy biases. We demonstrate that our method can achieve constraints of $\sigma _{{f_\mathrm{nl}}} \approx 8.78$ for SDSS-III/BOSS-like data, indicating potential improvements of a factor ∼2.5 over current published constraints. We perform resolution studies on scales larger than ∼16h−1 Mpc showing the promise of significant constraints with next-generation surveys. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that our method can consistently marginalize all nuisance parameters of the data model. The method further provides an inference of the three-dimensional primordial density field, providing opportunities to explore additional signatures of primordial physics. This first demonstration of a field-level inference pipeline demonstrates a promising complementary path forward for analysing next-generation surveys.
High-sensitivity H iimage of diffuse gas and new tidal features in M51 observed by FAST
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Zhu Ming , Xu Jin-Long , Ai Mei , Jiang Peng , Yang Yanbin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe observed the classical interacting galaxy M51 with FAST and obtain high-sensitivity H i image with column density down to 3.8 × 1018 cm−2. In the image we can see a diffuse extended envelope around the system and several new tidal features. We also get a deeper look at M51b’s probable gas, which has an approximated velocity range of 560 to 740 km s−1 and a flux of 7.5 Jy km s−1. Compared to the VLA image, we observe more complete structures of the Southeast Tail, Northeast Cloud, and Northwest Plume, as well as new features of the Northwest Cloud and Southwest Plume. M51’s most prominent tidal feature, the Southeast Tail, looks very long and broad, in addition to the two small detached clouds at the periphery. Due to the presence of optical and simulated counterparts, the Northwest Cloud appears to be the tail of M51a, while the Northwest Plume is more likely a tidal tail of M51b. The large mass of the Northwest Plume suggests that M51b may have been as gas-rich as M51a before the interaction. In addition, the formation process of the Northeast Cloud and Southwest Plume is obscured by the lack of optical and simulated counterparts. These novel tidal features, together with M51b’s probable gas, will inspire future simulations and provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of this interacting system.
Separating the memory of reionisation from cosmology in the Lyα forest power spectrum at the post-reionisation era
Authors: Montero-Camacho Paulo , Liu Yuchen , Mao Yi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIt has been recently shown that the astrophysics of reionisation can be extracted from the Lyα forest power spectrum by marginalizing the memory of reionisation over cosmological information. This impact of cosmic reionisation on the Lyα forest power spectrum can survive cosmological time-scales because cosmic reionisation, which is inhomogeneous, and subsequent shocks from denser regions can heat the gas in low-density regions to ∼3 × 104 K and compress it to mean-density. Current approach of marginalization over the memory of reionisation, however, is not only model-dependent, based on the assumption of a specific reionisation model, but also computationally expensive. Here, we propose a simple analytical template for the impact of cosmic reionisation, thereby treating it as a broad-band systematic to be marginalized over for Bayesian inference of cosmological information from the Lyα forest in a model-independent manner. This template performs remarkably well with an error of $\le 6~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at large scales k ≈ 0.19 Mpc−1, where the effect of the memory of reionisation is important, and reproduces the broad-band effect of the memory of reionisation in the Lyα forest correlation function, as well as the expected bias of cosmological parameters due to this systematic. The template can successfully recover the morphology of forecast errors in cosmological parameter space as expected when assuming a specific reionisation model for marginalization purposes, with a slight overestimation of tens of per cent for the forecast errors on the cosmological parameters. We further propose a similar template for this systematic on the Lyα forest 1D power spectrum.
Radio-bright versus radio-dark gamma-ray bursts – more evidence for distinct progenitors
Authors: Chakraborty Angana , Dainotti Maria , Cantrell Olivia , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse two distinct samples of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), with and without radio afterglow emission. We use an updated sample of 211 GRBs and find, in agreement with previous results (although with a sample that is almost twice as large), that the intrinsic gamma-ray duration (Tint) and isotropic equivalent energy (Eiso) distributions between these two populations appear to be significantly different. This implies that the radio-bright GRBs are more energetic and last longer than radio-dark GRBs. The two samples’ redshift distributions (z) are not statistically different. We analyse several correlations between variables (Eiso, Tint, jet opening angle, and z), accounting for selection effects and redshift evolution using the Efron–Petrosian method. We find a statistically significant anticorrelation between the jet opening angle and redshift, as well as between Tint and redshift, for both radio-bright and radio-dark GRBs. Finally, in agreement with previous work, we find that very high energy (0.1–100 GeV) extended emission is present only in the radio-bright GRB sample. Our work supports the possibility that the radio-bright and radio-dark GRBs originate from different progenitors.
Genome instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Tubić Vukajlović Jovana , Simić Ivan , Smiljanić Zorica , Grujičić Darko , Milošević-Djordjević Olivera 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical condition characterized by functional and structural defects of the myocardium, but genetic and environmental factors are considered to play an important role in the development of the disease. In the present study, we investigated the genome instability (DNA and chromosomal damage) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) ≤40% and its association with risk factors. The studied population included 48 individuals, of which 29 HFrEF patients (mean age 57.41 ± 5.74 years) and 19 healthy controls (mean age 57.63 ± 6.09 years). The genetic damage index in peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed using the comet assay, while micronuclei frequency and nuclear division index were analyzed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Our results showed that HFrEF patients had a significantly higher genetic damage index compared with the healthy controls (P &lt; .001). Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay showed that the average micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients was significantly higher, while the nuclear division index values were significantly lower than in controls (P &lt; .01). Using multiple linear regression analysis, pathological state, ejection fraction, creatinine, glucose, associated disease, residence, proBNP, troponin, urea, ACE-inhibitors, and length of the drug therapy were identified as predictors of DNA and/or chromosomal damage in HF patients. We can conclude that DNA and chromosomal damage was increased in patients with HF, which may be a consequence of disease and/or drug therapy.
Witchcraft and Magic in the Age of Anthropology
Authors: Wallis Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The chapter begins by setting the background of European encounters with overseas magical traditions with regard to early modern Central and South America. The main theme of the chapter, though, is the interconnected development of anthropology and the colonial collecting impulse in the nineteenth century. Magical objects from collections such as those donated to the Pitt Rivers Museum will be used to discuss the reasons for the fascination with certain types of African, Caribbean, and Asian magical objects. What do the collections tell us about colonial attitudes towards the magical traditions of other cultures? The magical beliefs and practices of so-called ‘primitive’ peoples around the globe were used by anthropologists like James Frazer to build theories of the origins and development of human society and culture. In the twentieth century, historians of witchcraft turned to anthropological studies of African witchcraft and persecution of witches to try and better understand the dynamics and nature of the early modern trials. The chapter ends by considering recent work on magical consciousness in contemporary western traditions.
What Drives Firms’ Hiring Decisions? An Asset Pricing Perspective
Authors: Belo Frederico , Donangelo Andres , Lin Xiaoji , Luo Ding 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We document that the aggregate hiring rate of publicly traded firms in the U.S. economy negatively predicts stock market returns and long-term cash flows, and positively predicts short-term cash flows. In addition, through a variance decomposition, we show that the time-series variation in the aggregate hiring rate is mainly driven by changes in discount rates and short-term expected cash flows, with no contribution from variation in long-term expected cash flows. We estimate a neoclassical dynamic model with labor market frictions and show that labor adjustment costs and time-varying risk are essential for the model to replicate the empirical patterns.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Hippocampal Hyperconnectivity to the Visual Cortex Predicts Treatment Response
Authors: Nelson Eric A , Kraguljac Nina V , Maximo Jose O , Armstrong William , Lahti Adrienne C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Converging lines of evidence point to hippocampal dysfunction in psychosis spectrum disorders, including altered functional connectivity. Evidence also suggests that antipsychotic medications can modulate hippocampal dysfunction. The goal of this project was to identify patterns of hippocampal connectivity predictive of response to antipsychotic treatment in 2 cohorts of patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder, one medication-naïve and the other one unmedicated.

Hypothesis
We hypothesized that we would identify reliable patterns of hippocampal connectivity in the 2 cohorts that were predictive of treatment response and that medications would modulate abnormal hippocampal connectivity after 6 weeks of treatment.

Study Design
We used a prospective design to collect resting-state fMRI scans prior to antipsychotic treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone, a commonly used antipsychotic medication, in both cohorts. We enrolled 44 medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) and 39 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ).

Study Results
In both patient cohorts, we observed a similar pattern where greater hippocampal connectivity to regions of the occipital cortex was predictive of treatment response. Lower hippocampal connectivity of the frontal pole, orbitofrontal cortex, subcallosal area, and medial prefrontal cortex was predictive of treatment response in unmedicated SZ, but not in the medication-naïve cohort. Furthermore, greater reduction in hippocampal connectivity to the visual cortex with treatment was associated with better clinical response.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that greater connectivity between the hippocampus and occipital cortex is not only predictive of better treatment response, but that antipsychotic medications have a modulatory effect by reducing hyperconnectivity.
Mathematics education in the time of COVID-19: a public health emergency exacerbated by misinterpretation of data
Authors: Sooknanan Joanna , Seemungal Terence 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 public health emergency has been characterized by an abundance of data in the form of numbers and charts. Although these data are readily available, there have been challenges associated with their interpretation—exacerbated by generally low numeracy rates. Consequently, people may underestimate the speed at which the disease spreads and the ensuing risk to themselves and others, resulting in a lack of compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions. This article discusses misconceptions associated with the popular terms, metrics and graphs commonly used to describe this pandemic. We suggest and illustrate how mathematical literacy is necessary to understand and convince people of the necessity for various restrictions and lifestyle changes. As the pandemic progresses and in anticipation of any future outbreaks, it is important to rethink the teaching of these concepts so as to equip learners with the proper tools for informed decision making—now and in the future.