bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes using prevalence data: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study
Authors: Hoyer Annika , Brinks Ralph , Tönnies Thaddäus , Saydah Sharon H. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Divers Jasmin , Isom Scott , Dabelea Dana , Lawrence Jean M. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Pihoker Catherine , Dolan Lawrence , Imperatore Giuseppina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Incidence is one of the most important epidemiologic indices in surveillance. However, determining incidence is complex and requires time-consuming cohort studies or registries with date of diagnosis. Estimating incidence from prevalence using mathematical relationships may facilitate surveillance efforts. The aim of this study was to examine whether a partial differential equation (PDE) can be used to estimate diabetes incidence from prevalence in youth.

Methods
We used age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific estimates of prevalence in 2001 and 2009 as reported in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Using these data, a PDE was applied to estimate the average incidence rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes for the period between 2001 and 2009. Estimates were compared to annual incidence rates observed in SEARCH. Precision of the estimates was evaluated using 95% bootstrap confidence intervals.

Results
Despite the long period between prevalence measures, the estimated average incidence rates mirror the average of the observed annual incidence rates. Absolute values of the age-standardized sex- and type-specific mean relative errors are below 8%.

Conclusions
Incidence of diabetes can be accurately estimated from prevalence. Since only cross-sectional prevalence data is required, employing this methodology in future studies may result in considerable cost savings.
Predictors of the observed high prevalence of loss to follow-up in ART-experienced adult PLHIV: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study in the Tanga Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mushy Stella E. , Mtisi Expeditho , Mboggo Eric , Mkawe Simon , Yahya-Malima Khadija I. , Ndega John , Ngalesoni Frida , Muya Aisa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs have expanded rapidly, and they are now accessible free of charge, yet "loss to follow-up, LTFU" is still a national public health issue. LTFU may result in treatment failure, hospitalization, increased risk of opportunistic infections and drug-resistant strains, and shortening the quality of life. This study described the rates and predictors of LTFU among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) on ART in the Tanga region, Tanzania.

Methods
A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted between October 2018 and December 2020 in Tanga's care and treatment health services facilities. The participants were HIV adult PLHIV aged 15 years and above on ART and attended the clinic at least once after ART initiation. LTFU was defined as not taking ART refills for 3 months or beyond from the last attendance of a refill and not yet classified as dead or transferred out. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to identify risk factors for LTFU. P values were two-sided, and we considered a p < 0.05 statistically significant.

Results
57,173 adult PLHIV were on ART of them, 15,111 (26.43%) were LTFU, of whom 10,394 (68.78%) were females, and 4717 (31.22%) were males. Factors independently associated with LTFU involved age between 15 and 19 years (HR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.66–2.07), male sex (HR: 2.00 95% CI 1.51–2.62), divorce (HR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.24–1.48), second-line drug type (HR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.18), poor drug adherence (HR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.23–1.75), unsuppressed viral load (HR: 2.15, 95% CI 2.02–2.29), not on DTG-related drug (HR: 7.51, 95% CI 5.88–10.79), advanced HIV disease WHO stage III and IV (HR: 2.51, 95% CI 2.32–2.72). In contrast to cohabiting, ART duration < 1 year, and being pregnant showed a reduced likelihood of LTFU.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of LTFU was observed in this study. Young age, not using DTG-based regimen, WHO clinical stage IV, poor drug adherence, male sex, unsuppressed viral load, divorcee, and second-line regime were independently associated with LTFU. To reduce LTFU, evidence-based interventions targeting the identified risk factors should be employed.
Maternal circulating metabolic biomarkers and their prediction performance for gestational diabetes mellitus related macrosomia
Authors: Yuan Yingdi , Zhu Qingyi , Yao Xiaodie , Shi Zhonghua , Wen Juan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a metabolism-related pregnancy complication, is significantly associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. We hypothesized that maternal circulating metabolic biomarkers differed between women with GDM and macrosomia (GDM-M) and women with GDM and normal neonatal weight (GDM-N), and had good prediction performance for GDM-M.

Methods
Plasma samples from 44 GDM-M and 44 GDM-N were analyzed using Olink Proseek multiplex metabolism assay targeting 92 biomarkers. Combined different clinical characteristics and Olink markers, LASSO regression was used to optimize variable selection, and Logistic regression was applied to build a predictive model. Nomogram was developed based on the selected variables visually. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and clinical impact curve were used to validate the model.

Results
We found 4 metabolism-related biomarkers differing between groups [CLUL1 (Clusterin-like protein 1), VCAN (Versican core protein), FCRL1 (Fc receptor-like protein 1), RNASE3 (Eosinophil cationic protein), FDR <  0.05]. Based on the different clinical characteristics and Olink markers, a total of nine predictors, namely pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain at 24 gestational weeks (gw), parity, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 h glucose at 24 gw, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) at 24 gw, and plasma expression of CLUL1, VCAN and RNASE3 at 24 gw, were identified by LASSO regression. The model constructed using these 9 predictors displayed good prediction performance for GDM-M, with an area under the ROC of 0.970 (sensitivity = 0.955, specificity = 0.886), and was well calibrated (PHosmer-Lemeshow test = 0.897).

Conclusion
The Model included pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain at 24 gw, parity, OGTT 2 h glucose at 24 gw, HDL and LDL at 24 gw, and plasma expression of CLUL1, VCAN and RNASE3 at 24 gw had good prediction performance for predicting macrosomia in women with GDM.
Age-specific effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes vary by maternal characteristics: a population-based retrospective study in Xiamen, China
Authors: Huang Caoxin , Jiang Qiuhui , Su Weijuan , Lv Fuping , Zeng Jinyang , Huang Peiying , Liu Wei , Lin Mingzhu , Li Xuejun , Shi Xiulin , Zheng Xuanling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced maternal age (AMA; ≥35 years) is considered to be a major risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Along with the global trend of delayed childbearing, and in particular, the implementation of China’s second and third-child policy leading to a dramatic increase of AMA in recent years, the association between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes requires more investigation.MethodsA population-based retrospective study was performed. Data were derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen from 2011 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes.ResultsA total of 63,137 women categorized into different age groups (< 25 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years, and ≥ 35 years) were included in this study. Compared with the mothers aged 25–29 years, the univariate regression analysis showed that mothers aged < 25 years had lower risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and cesarean. AMA was associated with higher risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, low-birth weight (LBW), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), macrosomia, and stillbirth (all P < 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, increased risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, and LBW remained significantly associated with AMA (all P < 0.05), whereas AMA mothers showed a lower risk of macrosomia than their younger counterparts. Additionally, no significant differences were detected in terms of Apgar score < 7.ConclusionAMA was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including increased risks of GDM, hypertension, cesarean, preterm birth, and LBW. This study confirmed the relationship between AMA and certain adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and emphasizes the necessity for women to be cautious about the age at which they become pregnant.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from South-west of Iran
Authors: Maharlouei Najmeh , Roozmeh Shohreh , Zahed Roozegar Mohammad-hassan , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Bazrafshan Khadijeh , Moradi-alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Lankarani Kamran B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women can cause several complications for the mother and her baby, which are life-threatening. Thus, we aimed to find the prevalence of IPV and its associated factors in pregnant women in Shiraz, Iran.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers in Shiraz between July 2020 and January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic data, socio-economic status (SES), obstetric and medical history, and questions about IPV. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square, McNemar, or Fisher’s exact test, and variables with p-value < 0.20 were included in Logistic regression. The odds ratio and CI 95% for variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
The overall prevalence of IPV was 93.1% among 830 pregnant women in Shiraz. Psychological violence was the most prevalent type (92.9%), followed by sexual (11%) and physical (7.7%) violence. High SES (OR = 3.21, (CI:1.61–6.41)) was the only risk factor for overall violence, and the age group, 30–34, was a risk factor for physical violence. Mother-desired pregnancy (OR = 26 (Cl:0.09–0.79)) and father-desired pregnancy (OR = 0.91, (CI:0.22–3.80)) were protective factors against physical and sexual violence, respectively. Furthermore, Psychological violence and sexual violence increased during COVID-19 Pandemic (P.value < 0.05).

Conclusion
According to the obtained results, the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in Shiraz was very concerning, especially psychological violence. Improving conflict-solving skills among family members and addressing economic problems could be considered by health policymakers when designing interventional programs and policies to reduce IPV during pregnancy.
Effect of nanoparticles on gouty arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Ruiting , Niu Yirou , Zhou Wei , Wang Saikun , Mao Jing , Guo Yingze , Lei Yangyang , Xiong Xuance , Li Yingzhi , Guo Lirong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of nanoparticles on gouty arthritis, and to provide evidence for the preclinical application of nanoparticles in gouty arthritis and ideas for nanomedicine improvement for nanoparticle researchers.

Methods
Five databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for eligible studies until April 2022. The quality of the selected studies was assessed by SYRCLE’s risk of bias (RoB) tool, and the random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD).

Results
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that nanoparticles were effective in reducing uric acid levels (WMD: -4.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): − 5.41 to − 4.41; p < 0.001), but were not better than allopurinol (WMD: -0.20; 95% CI: − 0.42 to 0.02; p = 0.099). It was worth noting that the nanoparticles were safer than allopurinol. Subgroup analyses indicated that nanoparticle encapsulated substance, animal species, nanoparticle dosage, animal quantity, and animal gender were all sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusion
The nanoparticles are safe medications for gouty arthritis which can effectively reduce uric acid levels in rodents. Although the results are still uncertain, it is expected to have certain clinical application value. The nanoparticles may be the preclinical medications for gouty arthritis in the future.
Effect of HM-Exos on the migration and inflammatory response of LPS-exposed dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Azaryan Ehsaneh , Karbasi Samira , Saharkhiz Mansoore , Hanafi-Bojd Mohammad Yahya , Zarban Asghar , Emadian Razavi Fariba , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human milk exosomes (HM-Exos) on the viability, migration, and inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) in vitro.

Methods
HM-Exos were isolated, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze their physical properties (size and shape). To construct an in vitro inflammation model, HDPSCs were exposed to LPS. The MTT test and migration assay were used to investigate the effect of HM-Exos on cell proliferation and migration, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression of inflammatory genes in HDPSCs. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-test.

Results
DLS measurement revealed that HM-Exos were 116.8 ± 3.6 nm in diameter. The SEM and TEM images revealed spherical shapes with diameters of 97.2 ± 34.6 nm. According to the results of the cell viability assay, the nontoxic concentration of HM-Exos (200 µg/ml) was chosen for the subsequent investigations. The migration assay results showed that HM-Exos improved the potential of LPS-exposed HDPSCs to migrate. The qPCR results indicated that HM-Exos significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in HDPSCs after LPS stimulation.

Conclusions
HM-Exos increased LPS-exposed HDPSCs migration and proliferation and reduced gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. They may be a viable candidate for pulpitis therapy.
Association between self-reported sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life among infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Cao Yanjun , Li Guopeng , Ren Yanbei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
High sedentary behavior and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were common among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the association of sedentary behavior with HRQoL among infertile women with PCOS is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of sedentary behavior with HRQoL among them.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 283 participants recruited from infertility outpatient clinic. A self-administered, structured questionnaire including the modified PCOS health-related QoL questionnaire (MPCOSQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was used. Anthropometric and laboratory indictors related to PCOS were also collected. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify the associations. Bonferroni correction was utilized for multiple testing correction.

Results
Sedentary behavior was associated with reduced HRQoL among this group. Specifically, over seven hours per day of sedentary behavior was strongly associated with total and several aspects of HRQoL (β ranged from − 0.378 to − 0.141, all P < 0.0063) after adjusting for physical activity, anxiety and depression. In addition, elevated BMI (β = − 0.407, P < 0.001) and anxiety (β ranged from − 0.410 to − 0.245, all P < 0.0063) were associated with poor HRQoL, while physical activity and depression were not.

Conclusion
Sedentary behavior is an important behavior among infertile women with PCOS as it was associated with poorer HRQoL. Future interventions seeking to improve HRQoL should be considered to reduce sedentary behavior and psychological burden as primary intervention targets.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index is associated with newborn offspring hypothalamic mean diffusivity: a prospective dual-cohort study
Authors: Rasmussen Jerod M. , Tuulari Jetro J. , Nolvi Saara , Thompson Paul M. , Merisaari Harri , Lavonius Maria , Karlsson Linnea , Entringer Sonja , Wadhwa Pathik D. , Karlsson Hasse , Buss Claudia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
An extensive body of animal literature supports the premise that maternal obesity during pregnancy can alter the development of the fetal hypothalamus (HTH, a critical regulator of energy balance) with implications for offspring obesity risk (i.e., long-term energy imbalance). Yet, the relationship in humans between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and fetal hypothalamic development remains largely unknown. Here, using an international (Finland and California, USA) multi-site diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) dataset, we test the hypothesis that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with newborn offspring HTH mean diffusivity (HTH MD, a replicable neural correlate of BMI in adults).

Methods
HTH MD was independently quantified in two separate BMI-matched cohorts (up to class II obesity; BMIRange = 17–35) using a high-resolution atlas-based definition of HTH. A total of n = 231 mother-child dyads were available for this analysis (nSite,1 = 152, age at MRI = 26.7 ± 8.1 days, gestational age at birth = 39.9 ± 1.2 weeks, nM/F = 82/70, BMI = 24.2 ± 3.8; nSite,2 = 79, age at MRI = 25.6 ± 12.5 days, gestational age at birth = 39.3 ± 1.5 weeks, nM/F = 45/34, BMI = 25.1 ± 4.0). The association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn offspring HTH MD was examined separately in each cohort using linear regression adjusting for gestational age at birth, postnatal age at scan, sex, whole white matter mean diffusivity, and DTI quality control criteria. In post hoc analyses, additional potentially confounding factors including socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and obstetric risk were adjusted where appropriate.

Results
The distribution of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was comparable across sites but differed by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. A positive linear association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn offspring HTH MD was observed at both sites ($$\hat{\beta}$$

β
^

Site,1 = 0.17, pSite,1 = 0.01; $$\hat{\beta}$$

β
^

Site,2 = 0.22, pSite,2 = 0.03) and remained significant after adjusting for cohort-relevant covariates.

Conclusions
These findings translate the preclinically established association between maternal obesity during pregnancy and offspring hypothalamic microstructure to the human context. In addition to further replication/generalization, future efforts to identify biological mediators of the association between maternal obesity and fetal HTH development are warranted to develop targeted strategies for the primary prevention of childhood obesity.
Worsening of asthma control after recovery from mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients from Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Lam David Chi Leung , Leung Jackson Ka Chun , Chan King Pui Florence , Chan Shung Kay Samuel , Chiang Ka Yan , Ip Mary Sau Man , Ho James Chung Man 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
While there are postulations that asthma is potentially associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there has been conflicting results from studies on the impact mild-to-moderate COVID-19 on asthma control after recovery.

Methods
A case control study on the association between mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and asthma control post infection was conducted. The primary outcome was a reduction in Asthma Control Test (ACT) score by ≥ 3 points post-COVID infection. The secondary outcomes included the change in ACT score, the proportion of patient with ACT score who dropped to ≤ 15 on enrolment visit and the need for escalation of asthma maintenance therapy.

Results
Out of the total of 221 adult patients with asthma recruited, 111 had mild-to-moderate COVID-19 within 30 to 270 days prior to study enrolment. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for a reduction in ACT score by ≥ 3 points after COVID-19 was 3.105 (95% CI = 1.385–6.959, p = 0.006). The odds of escalation of asthma maintenance therapy by at least 1 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step was 4.733 (95% CI = 1.151–19.467, p = 0.031) and asthma patient are more likely to become uncontrolled after COVID-19 [aOR = 5.509 (95% CI = 1.061–28.600, p = 0.042)].

Conclusion
Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 among asthma patients, upon recovery, was associated with worsening of asthma symptom, lower ACT score, a higher need for escalation of asthma maintenance therapy and more uncontrolled asthma.
Drivers and barriers of international migration of doctors to and from the United Kingdom: a scoping review
Authors: Brennan N. , Langdon N. , Bryce M. , Burns L. , Humphries N. , Knapton A. , Gale T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany high-income countries are heavily dependent on internationally trained doctors to staff their healthcare workforce. Over one-third of doctors practising in the UK received their primary medical qualification abroad. Simultaneously, an average of around 2.1% of doctors leave the UK medical workforce annually to go overseas. The aim of this study was to identify the drivers and barriers of international migration of doctors to and from the UK.MethodsA scoping review was conducted. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC and BEI in January 2020 (updated October 2021). Grey literature and citation searching were also carried out. Empirical studies reporting on the drivers and barriers to the international migration of doctors to and from the UK published in the English language from 2009 to present were included. The drivers and barriers were coded in NVivo 12 building on an existing framework.Results40 studies were included. 62% were quantitative, 18% were qualitative, 15% were mixed-methods and 5% were literature reviews. Migration into and out of the UK is determined by a variety of macro- (global and national factors), meso- (profession led factors) and micro-level (personal factors). Interestingly, many of the key drivers of migration to the UK were also factors driving migrationfromthe UK, including: poor working conditions, employment opportunities, better training and development opportunities, better quality of life, desire for a life change and financial reasons. The barriers included stricter immigration policies, the registration process and short-term job contracts.ConclusionsOur research contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive up-to-date review of the drivers and barriers of migration to and from the UK. The decision for a doctor to migrate is multi-layered and is a complex balance between push/pull at macro-/meso-/micro-levels. To sustain the UK’s supply of overseas doctors, it is vital that migration policies take account of the drivers of migration particularly working conditions and active recruitment while addressing any potential barriers. Immigration policies to address the impact of Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic on the migration of doctors to and from the UK will be particularly important in the immediate future.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42020165748.