bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of dimeric lipoprotein lipase reveals a pore adjacent to the active site
Authors: Gunn Kathryn H. , Neher Saskia B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins, releasing free fatty acids. Active LPL is needed to prevent hypertriglyceridemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM), we determined the structure of an active LPL dimer at 3.9 Å resolution. This structure reveals an open hydrophobic pore adjacent to the active site residues. Using modeling, we demonstrate that this pore can accommodate an acyl chain from a triglyceride. Known LPL mutations that lead to hypertriglyceridemia localize to the end of the pore and cause defective substrate hydrolysis. The pore may provide additional substrate specificity and/or allow unidirectional acyl chain release from LPL. This structure also revises previous models on how LPL dimerizes, revealing a C-terminal to C-terminal interface. We hypothesize that this active C-terminal to C-terminal conformation is adopted by LPL when associated with lipoproteins in capillaries.
A semiconductor-electrocatalyst nano interface constructed for successive photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Wu Zilong , Liu Xiangyu , Li Haijing , Sun Zhiyi , Cao Maosheng , Li Zezhou , Fang Chaohe , Zhou Jihan , Cao Chuanbao , Dong Juncai , Zhao Shenlong , Chen Zhuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical water splitting has long been considered an ideal approach to producing green hydrogen by utilizing solar energy. However, the limited photocurrents and large overpotentials of the anodes seriously impede large-scale application of this technology. Here, we use an interfacial engineering strategy to construct a nanostructural photoelectrochemical catalyst by incorporating a semiconductor CdS/CdSe-MoS2 and NiFe layered double hydroxide for the oxygen evolution reaction. Impressively, the as-prepared photoelectrode requires an low potential of 1.001 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode for a photocurrent density of 10 mA cm−2, and this is 228 mV lower than the theoretical water splitting potential (1.229 vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Additionally, the generated current density (15 mA cm−2) of the photoelectrode at a given overpotential of 0.2 V remains at 95% after long-term testing (100 h). Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the formation of highly oxidized Ni species under illumination provides large photocurrent gains. This finding opens an avenue for designing high-efficiency photoelectrochemical catalysts for successive water splitting.
Glutamate indicators with improved activation kinetics and localization for imaging synaptic transmission
Authors: Aggarwal Abhi , Liu Rui , Chen Yang , Ralowicz Amelia J. , Bergerson Samuel J. , Tomaska Filip , Mohar Boaz , Hanson Timothy L. , Hasseman Jeremy P. , Reep Daniel , Tsegaye Getahun , Yao Pantong , Ji Xiang , Kloos Marinus , Walpita Deepika , Patel Ronak , Mohr Manuel A. , Tillberg Paul W. ,   The GENIE Project Team, Looger Loren L. , Marvin Jonathan S. , Hoppa Michael B. , Konnerth Arthur , Kleinfeld David , Schreiter Eric R. , Podgorski Kaspar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fluorescent glutamate indicator iGluSnFR enables imaging of neurotransmission with genetic and molecular specificity. However, existing iGluSnFR variants exhibit low in vivo signal-to-noise ratios, saturating activation kinetics and exclusion from postsynaptic densities. Using a multiassay screen in bacteria, soluble protein and cultured neurons, we generated variants with improved signal-to-noise ratios and kinetics. We developed surface display constructs that improve iGluSnFR’s nanoscopic localization to postsynapses. The resulting indicator iGluSnFR3 exhibits rapid nonsaturating activation kinetics and reports synaptic glutamate release with decreased saturation and increased specificity versus extrasynaptic signals in cultured neurons. Simultaneous imaging and electrophysiology at individual boutons in mouse visual cortex showed that iGluSnFR3 transients report single action potentials with high specificity. In vibrissal sensory cortex layer 4, we used iGluSnFR3 to characterize distinct patterns of touch-evoked feedforward input from thalamocortical boutons and both feedforward and recurrent input onto L4 cortical neuron dendritic spines.
Blood unconjugated bilirubin and tacrolimus are negative predictors of specific cellular immunity in kidney transplant recipients after SAR-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Jiaqing , Deng Min , Xu Chuanhui , Lai Changchun , Deng Xuanying , Wang Yan , Zhou Qiang , Liu Yichu , Wan Li , Li Pingchao , Fang Jiali , Hou Jingcai , Lai Xingqiang , Ma Feifei , Li Ning , Li Guanghui , Kong Weiya , Zhang Weiting , Li Jiali , Cao Mibu , Feng Liqiang , Chen Zheng , Chen Ling , Ji Tianxing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is poor in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The factors related to poor immunogenicity to vaccination in KTRs are not well defined. Here, observational study demonstrated no severe adverse effects were observed in KTRs and healthy participants (HPs) after first or second dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. Different from HPs with excellent immunity against SARS-CoV-2, IgG antibodies against S1 subunit of spike protein, receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid protein were not effectively induced in a majority of KTRs after the second dose of inactivated vaccine. Specific T cell immunity response was detectable in 40% KTRs after the second dose of inactivated vaccine. KTRs who developed specific T cell immunity were more likely to be female, and have lower levels of total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and blood tacrolimus concentrations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that blood unconjugated bilirubin and tacrolimus concentration were significantly negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity response in KTRs. Altogether, these data suggest compared to humoral immunity, SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity response are more likely to be induced in KTRs after administration of inactivated vaccine. Reduction of unconjugated bilirubin and tacrolimus concentration might benefit specific cellular immunity response in KTRs following vaccination.
Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals (Cd2+ and Ni2+) from aqueous solutions with Antimicrobial Investigation
Authors: Mohamed Abdelrahman , Atta R. R. , Kotp Amna A. , Abo El-Ela Fatma I. , Abd El-Raheem Hany , Farghali Ahmed , Alkhalifah Dalal Hussien M. , Hozzein Wael N. , Mahmoud Rehab 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClove and green Coffee (g-Coffee) extracts were used to synthesize green iron oxide nanoparticles, which were then used to sorb Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions out of an aqueous solution. Investigations with x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET), Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to know and understand more about the chemical structure and surface morphology of the produced iron oxide nanoparticles. The characterization revealed that the main component of iron nanoparticles was magnetite when the Clove extract was used as a reducing agent for Fe3+, but both magnetite and hematite were included when the g-Coffee extract was used. Sorption capacity for metal ions was studied as a function of sorbent dosage, metal ion concentration, and sorption period. The maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity was 78 and 74 mg/g, while that of Ni2+ was 64.8 and 80 mg/g for iron nanoparticles prepared using Clove and g-Coffee, respectively. Different isotherm and kinetic adsorption models were used to fit experimental adsorption data. Adsorption of Cd2+ and Ni2+ on the iron oxide surface was found to be heterogeneous, and the mechanism of chemisorption is involved in the stage of determining the rate. The correlation coefficient R2 and error functions like RMSE, MES and MAE were used to evaluate the best fit models to the experimental adsorption data. The adsorption mechanism was explored using FTIR analysis. Antimicrobial study showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity of the tested nanomaterials against both Gram positive (S. aureus) (25923) and Gram negative (E. coli) (25913) bacteria with increased activity against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative one and more activity for Green iron oxide nanoparticles prepared from Clove than g-Coffee one.
Longitudinal surveillance of serum titanium ion levels in patients with indigenous 3D printed total temporomandibular joint replacement
Authors: Khandelwal Garima , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Bhutia Ongkila , Shariff A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to surveil the serum titanium ion levels at various time intervals in patients with indigenous 3D-printed total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ TJR). The study was conducted on 11 patients (male: 8; female: 3) who had undergone unilateral or bilateral TMJ TJR. Blood samples were drawn preoperatively (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) postoperatively. Data were analyzed and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean serum titanium ion levels at T0, T1, T2, and T3 was 9.34 ± 8.70 µg/L (mcg/L), 35.97 ± 20.27 mcg/L, 31.68 ± 17.03 mcg/L, and 47.91 ± 15.47 mcg/L respectively. The mean serum titanium ion levels increased significantly at T1 (p = 0.009), T2 (p = 0.032), and T3 (p = 0.00) interval. There was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral groups. Serum titanium ion continued to show increased levels till the last follow-up of 1 year. These initial serum titanium ion levels increase is due to the initial wear phase of the prosthesis which manifests over 1 year. Further studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are required to see the deleterious effect if any on the TMJ TJR.
An improved lightweight high-resolution network based on multi-dimensional weighting for human pose estimation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Jia-Chun , Zhao Shi-Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman pose estimation is one of the key technologies in action recognition, motion analysis, human–computer interaction, animation generation etc. How to improve its performance has become a current research hotspot. Lite-HRNet establishes long range connections between keypoints and exhibits good performance in human pose estimation tasks. However, the scale of this method to extract features is relatively single and lacks sufficient information interaction channels. To solve this problem, we propose an improved lightweight high-resolution network based on multi-dimensional weighting, named MDW-HRNet, which is implemented by the following aspects: first, we propose global context modeling, which can learn multi-channel and multi-scale resolution information weights. Second, a cross-channel dynamic convolution module is designed, it performs inter-channel attention aggregation between dynamic and parallel kernels, replacing the basic convolution module. These make the network capable of channel weighting, spatial weighting and convolution weighting. At the same time, we simplify the network structure to perform information exchange and information compensation between high-resolution modules while ensuring speed and accuracy. Experimental results show that our method achieves good performance on both COCO and MPII human pose estimation datasets, and its accuracy surpasses mainstream lightweight pose estimation networks without increasing computational complexity.
Therapeutic effects of clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome and various symptoms or psychological conditions
Authors: Shin Hyun-Il , Bang Joo-In , Kim Geun-Jeon , Kim Mi Ra , Sun Dong-Il , Kim Sang-Yeon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is frequently accompanied by dysgeusia and xerostomia. Clonazepam has been widely prescribed and is effective, but it is unclear whether clonazepam also affects the symptoms that accompany BMS, or whether such symptoms affect treatment outcomes. Here, we investigated the therapeutic outcomes in BMS patients with various symptoms or comorbidities. We retrospectively reviewed 41 patients diagnosed with BMS between June 2010 and June 2021 at a single institution. Patients were instructed to take clonazepam for 6 weeks. Before the first dose, burning pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS); the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), psychologic characteristics, site(s) of pain, and any taste disturbance were evaluated. Burning pain intensity was measured again after 6 weeks. Thirty-one of the 41 patents (75.7%) exhibited a depressed mood, whereas more than 67.8% of the patients exhibited anxiety. Subjective xerostomia was reported by ten patients (24.3%). The mean salivary flow rate was 0.69 mL/min and hyposalivation (an unstimulated salivary flow rate ≤ 0.5 mL/min) was apparent in ten patients (24.3%). Dysgeusia was present in 20 patients (48.7%); a bitter taste (n = 15, 75%) was reported by the largest proportion of patients. Patients who reported a bitter taste responded best in terms of burning pain reduction after 6 weeks (n = 4, 26.6%). Overall, 32 patients (78%) reported decreased oral burning pain after clonazepam (mean VAS score changed from 6.56 to 5.34) use. Patients who reported taste disturbances exhibited a significantly greater decrease in burning pain, compared with other patients (mean VAS score changed from 6.41 to 4.58) (p = 0.02). Clonazepam significantly improved burning pain in BMS patients who had taste disturbances.
Diagnosis of thyroid micronodules on ultrasound using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Rho Miribi , Chun Sei Hyun , Lee Eunjung , Lee Hye Sun , Yoon Jung Hyun , Park Vivian Youngjean , Han Kyunghwa , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo assess the performance of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to discriminate malignant and benign thyroid nodules < 10 mm in size and compare the diagnostic performance of CNN with those of radiologists. Computer-aided diagnosis was implemented with CNN and trained using ultrasound (US) images of 13,560 nodules ≥ 10 mm in size. Between March 2016 and February 2018, US images of nodules < 10 mm were retrospectively collected at the same institution. All nodules were confirmed as malignant or benign from aspirate cytology or surgical histology. Diagnostic performances of CNN and radiologists were assessed and compared for area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Subgroup analyses were performed based on nodule size with a cut-off value of 5 mm. Categorization performances of CNN and radiologists were also compared. A total of 370 nodules from 362 consecutive patients were assessed. CNN showed higher negative predictive value (35.3% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.048) and AUC (0.66 vs. 0.57, P = 0.04) than radiologists. CNN also showed better categorization performance than radiologists. In the subgroup of nodules ≤ 5 mm, CNN showed higher AUC (0.63 vs. 0.51, P = 0.08) and specificity (68.2% vs. 9.1%, P < 0.001) than radiologists. Convolutional neural network trained with thyroid nodules ≥ 10 mm in size showed overall better diagnostic performance than radiologists in the diagnosis and categorization of thyroid nodules < 10 mm, especially in nodules ≤ 5 mm.
Climate change mitigation costs reduction caused by socioeconomic-technological transitions
Authors: Fujimori Shinichiro , Oshiro Ken , Hasegawa Tomoko , Takakura Junya , Ueda Kayo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerical scenarios generated by Integrated Assessment Models describing future energy and land-use systems that attain climate change mitigation goals have been considered important sources of guidance for climate policymaking. The climate change mitigation cost is one of the concerns in the emissions reduction efforts. However, how to moderate climate change mitigation costs is not well understood. Here, we describe the conditions needed for reducing or taking away climate change mitigation costs by implementing socioeconomic-technological transitions into numerical scenario assessment. The results indicate that integration of multiple socioeconomic-technological transitions would be effective, including lowering energy demand, shifting to an environmentally friendly food system, energy technology progress and the stimulus of capital formation that is additionally imposed to the normal carbon pricing mechanism. No single measure is sufficient to fully take away mitigation costs. These results indicate that cross-sectoral transformation is needed, as the realisation of all measures depends on effective government policies as well as uncertain social and technological changes.
Broadband high‐gain low‐temperature cofired ceramic substrate integrated cavity antenna array based on high‐order mode for W‐band applications
Authors: Yuan Bin , Du Qing , Yuan Yang , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA broadband substrate integrated cavity (SIC) antenna array based on high‐order mode is proposed for low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) integrated systems in W‐band. To improve the gain of antenna element, a large SIC is adopted to work in high‐order mode, which also avoid using excessive vias and reduce the process complexity. Two parasitic patches are loaded on the high‐order mode SIC to remove the reverse E‐field in the open aperture, leading to a high‐gain broadside radiation. The high‐order‐mode SIC antenna element is fed by high‐order TE20‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), rather than regular TE10‐mode SIW. The simplified feeding network with TE20‐mode SIW is also designed with wideband performance, further enhancing the fabrication robustness of antenna array. To validate the proposed high‐order mode‐based antenna element and feeding network, a W‐band 2 × 4 antenna array is designed as an example using LTCC technology. The measured return loss is better than 10 dB from 81.1 to 98.1 GHz (19% bandwidth) with a maximum gain of 18.3 dB at 94 GHz. The proposed antenna array has great potential in millimetre‐wave and terahertz LTCC integrated applications.
Mehr soziale Teilhabe für Hörgeschädigte durch Cochlea-Implantate?
Zur Ambivalenz der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion und zum Stellenwert psycho-sozialer Begleitung
Authors: Roder Sascha , Strünck Christoph 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Cochlea-Implantate können Menschen mit einer erworbenen, progredient verlaufenden Ertaubung helfen, ihr Hörvermögen wiederzuerlangen. Die betroffenen Personen durchleben allerdings auch einen jahrelangen Prozess der Adaptation, in dem sie ein neues, technisch unterstütztes Hören lernen müssen. Die Studie zeigt, wie Betroffene diesen Prozess erleben und ob ihre Erwartungen an das Implantat erfüllt werden.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie wurden 50 Cochlea-Implantat-Träger*innen in einem Leitfaden-gestützten Interview befragt. 30 Personen wurden über den Kontakt zu Selbsthilfegruppen rekrutiert, weitere 20 Personen über ein Hörzentrum nach Vermittlung durch einen leitenden Audiologen. Die Interviewten gaben Auskunft über ihre persönlichen Erfahrungen mit den operierenden Kliniken, über das Erleben der sozialen, kulturellen und beruflichen Teilhabe sowie über die auch nach der CI-Versorgung bestehenden Hörbarrieren im Alltag. Die Befragten trugen die Hörprothese maximal drei Jahre, ein Zeitrahmen, innerhalb dessen die meisten der Folgetherapien beendet sind und der initiale Lernprozess mit dem CI als abgeschlossen gilt.
Ergebnisse Auch mit einem Cochlea-Implantat bleiben Kommunikationshindernisse bestehen. Erwartungen eines vollen Hörverstehens im Freundes- und Bekanntenkreis werden nur bedingt erfüllt. Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit einer hochtechnisierten Hörprothese sowie das Erleben als „Fremdkörper“ erschweren die Akzeptanz eines CIs.
Schlussfolgerung Die Beratung in der Versorgung mit Cochlea-Implantaten sollte sich an realistischen Zielen und Erwartungen orientieren. Die Versorgung mit einem CI lässt sich verbessern, wenn angeleitete Hörtrainings und Kommunikationsangebote ausgeweitet werden. Auch können ortsnahe Versorgungsstrukturen wie zum Beispiel über zertifizierte Hörakustiker einbezogen werden und dabei helfen, Unsicherheiten abzubauen.
Das Bauchgehirn: neuroanatomische Perspektiven für den Viszeralchirurgen
Authors: Wolniczak Erik , Meyer Frank , Albrecht Anne 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungUnser „Bauchgehirn“ besteht nicht nur aus einem eigenständig tätigen enterischen
Nervensystem, sondern auch aus bidirektionalen Verbindungen mit Parasympathikus und
Sympathikus sowie zu Gehirn und Rückenmark. Neue Studien zeigen, dass diese Verbindungen
schnell Informationen über die aufgenommene Nahrung an das Gehirn weiterleiten können, um so
das Hungergefühl und komplexes Verhalten wie Belohnungslernen zu steuern. Aber auch unser
emotionales Erleben, insbesondere Stress, hat einen starken Einfluss auf das gastrointestinale
System. Das Immunsystem, die Motilität und die Barrierefunktion des Gastrointestinaltrakts
werden außerdem stark vom intestinalen Mikrobiom moduliert. Lokale Bakterien können über
freigesetzte Stoffwechselprodukte und Neuropeptide direkt die neuronale Kommunikation
beeinflussen und Entzündungsfaktoren kontrollieren. Intensive Forschung in den letzten 10
Jahren konnte außerdem belegen, dass das intestinale Mikrobiom emotionale und kognitive
Aspekte unseres Verhaltens beeinflusst und somit im Fokus zahlreicher neuropsychiatrischer
Erkrankungen wie z. B. Depressionen und Angststörungen steht.Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen kurzen Überblick über die anatomischen Grundlagen der
sogenannten Darm-Gehirn-Achse geben und Modi der bidirektionalen Regulierung vorstellen. Über
indirekte Verbindungen zum limbischen System kann die Darm-Gehirn-Achse wesentlich Stress und
Angst, aber auch die Schmerzverarbeitung beeinflussen. Außerdem wird die Rolle des Mikrobioms
erläutert und werden zukünftige Wege dargestellt, wie die (Mikrobiom-)Darm-Gehirn-Achse
emotionales Erleben, Schmerzverarbeitung und Darmfunktion beeinflussen kann. Diese
Zusammenhänge sind für die Weiterentwicklung der Viszeralmedizin und damit auch für den
Viszeralchirurgen relevant, um interdisziplinär orientierte zukünftige Behandlungskonzepte zu
entwickeln.