bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among trans and gender diverse people in Australia
Authors: Hill Adam O. , Cook Teddy , McNair Ruth , Amos Natalie , Carman Marina , Hartland Ellis , Lyons Anthony , Bourne Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCorrelates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among a large cross‐section of trans and gender diverse populations in Australia were examined.MethodsA national survey was conducted that included 1466 trans and gender diverse participants aged 18+ years. Multivariable regressions identified factors associated with recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.ResultsOverall, 62.4% reported suicidal ideation and 9.5% suicide attempt in the past 12 months. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was higher for younger participants or those who felt treated unfairly or socially excluded due to their gender identity in the past 12 months. It was lower for those with a postgraduate degree, who felt accepted by family or work, or who felt their gender identity was respected when accessing a mainstream medical clinic in the past 12 months. The likelihood of suicide attempts was greater for those aged younger or who had recently experienced sexual harassment based on their sexual orientation or gender identity, and lower for those who were non‐binary.ConclusionUrgent attention for suicide prevention is necessary for trans and gender diverse communities. These findings point to a range of risk and protective factors, which may help inform the targeting and design of suicide prevention strategies.
Calf blood flow is augmented in habitually aerobically trained versus untrained postmenopausal women in association with favorable modulation of vasculo‐metabolic interactions
Authors: Craig Jennifer , Akam Elizabeth C. , Bailey Stephen J. , Ferguson Richard A. , O'Donnell Emma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMenopause is associated with vascular dysfunction and increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Associations between vascular and metabolic health, and interactions with aerobic exercise training, are unknown in postmenopausal women (PMW).MethodsIn habitually aerobically trained PMW (PMWtr; n = 10; 57 ± 1 years; 40 ± 1 mL/kg/min), strain‐gauge plethysmography was used to compare resting and peak calf blood flow (CBFr and CBFpk, respectively) and vascular resistance (CVRr; CVRpk) versus untrained PMW (PMWun; n = 13; 56 ± 1 years; 29 ± 1 mL/kg/min) and premenopausal women (PreM; n = 14; 26 ± 1 years; 40 ± 1 mL/kg/min). Vascular measures were taken before and 1 hour after 45 minutes of aerobic exercise (60% V̇O2peak), a known nitric oxide stimulus. Blood analyses included low‐ (LDLc) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), insulin, and glucose.ResultsPre‐exercise, CBFr and CVRr did not differ (p > 0.05) between PMW groups, nor between PreM and PMWtr. CBFpk was highest (p < 0.05) and CVRpk was lowest (p < 0.05) in PMWtr. Blood markers were similar (p > 0.05) in PMW groups. However, in PMWtr, CBFpk was associated inversely (p < 0.05) with insulin (r = −0.725). Conversely, in PMWun, CBFpk correlated (p < 0.05) inversely with glucose (r = −0.717), positively with HDLc (r = 0.633), and CVRpk positively (p < 0.05) with LDLc (r = 0.568). Post‐exercise, CBF increased and CVR decreased (p < 0.05) in all groups, yet CBFpk remained higher and CVRpk lower (p < 0.05) in PMWtr.ConclusionIn untrained PMW, peak CBF is associated inversely with circulating pro‐atherogenic lipids and glucose. In contrast, peak CBF is associated inversely with insulin levels only in trained PMW. Habitual aerobic exercise may favorably modulate vasculo‐metabolic interactions in PMW.
Genome size evolution in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae)
Authors: Sun Kuo , Lu Yingchun , Huang Yuan , Huang Huateng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGrasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are known for their significantly enlarged genome compared to other insects. However, our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of genome size (GS) with this family is still limited. This study measured the GS of 62 grasshopper species using flow cytometry and assembled 10 new mitochondrial genomes for comparative phylogenetic analyses. An expanded species sampling discovered several grasshopper species with giant GS surpassing the previous insect record. We then applied recently developed methods to test more complicated, heterogeneous evolutionary models. We found that grasshopper GS has a strong phylogenetic signal and does not correlate with species' body size or flight ability. These results support the neutral or near‐neutral hypotheses of GS evolution. However, GS had accelerated rates of evolution on some grasshopper lineages, suggesting heterogeneity in its evolutionary dynamics. Ancestral state reconstruction indicates that the large genome evolved before the origin of the Acrididae family. Future studies with more species measurements will help assess the frequency of macroevolutionary shifts and identify possible mechanisms for these shifts in grasshopper GS evolution.
CT volumetric analysis permits comparison of tongue size and tongue fat in different canine brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds
Authors: Song Ava , Phillips Heidi , Oliveira Cintia R. , McCoy Annette M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile macroglossia is a newly accepted component of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs, macroglossia with increased tongue fat is a well‐known cause for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in people, and targeted reduction procedures such as midline glossectomy are used to treat people with OSA. While midline glossectomy has been described in dogs, tissue contributions to macroglossia have not been characterized. The purpose of this retrospective, descriptive, case‐control study was to describe and compare volumetric dimensions of the tongue and tongue fat in brachycephalic (BC) and mesaticephalic (MC) dogs using CT images. Data collected included head and neck CT images from 17 BC and 18 control MC dogs. Multiplanar reformatted and 3D reconstructed images were created using image segmentation and specialized visualization software to calculate volumetric dimensions of the total tongue, tongue fat, and tongue muscle. Rostral and caudal topographical distributions of fat were compared. Total tongue and tongue muscle volume (P < 0.0001) and tongue fat volume (P = 0.01) normalized to body weight (BW) were greater in BC dogs. More fat was localized in the caudal tongue in both groups (P < 0.04). In regression analysis, BC conformation and increased weight were significant predictors of increased tongue fat volume. As in people, increased tongue fat may contribute to macroglossia and sleep‐disordered breathing in BC dogs. Use of CT volumetry to identify tongue fat deposits may permit targeted surgical reduction of tongue volume in BC dogs and contribute substantially to treatment of BOAS.
Automated flow pattern recognition for liquid-liquid flow in horizontal pipes using machine-learning algorithms and weighted majority voting
Authors: Wahid Md F , Tafreshi Reza , Khan Zurwa , Retnanto Albertus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The simultaneous liquid-liquid flow usually manifests various flow configurations due to a diverse range of fluid properties, flow-controlling processes, and equipment. This study investigates the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify nine oil-water flow patterns (FPs) in the horizontal pipe using liquid and pipe geometric properties. The MLs include Support Vector Machine, Ensemble learning, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, k-Nearest Neighbor, and weighted Majority Voting (wMV). Eleven hundred experimental data points for nine FPs are extracted from the literature. The data are balanced using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique during the MLs training phase. The MLs' performance is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1-score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. The results show that the wMV can achieve 93.03% accuracy for the oil-water FPs. Seven out of nine FPs are classified with more than 93% accuracies. A Friedman's test and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction show that the FPs accuracy using wMV is significantly higher than using the MLs individually (p&lt;0.05). This study demonstrated the capability of MLs in automatically classifying the oil-water FPs using only the fluids' and pipe's properties, and is crucial for designing an efficient production system in the petroleum industry.
Tribological Evaluation of Few-Layer Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as an Efficient Lubricant Additive on Engine Cylinder Liner: Experiment and Mechanism Investigation
Authors: Lei Wenwu , Tang Wentao , Mo Xiaoyu , Tian Zhiqun , Shen Peikang , Ouyang Tiancheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The restricted adsorption capacity of ordinary graphene at high temperature limits its application in engine lubrication. To address this, nitrogen-doped element-modified graphene with strong adsorption and superior lubricating properties is prepared by a bottom-up chemical strategy in this study. The reciprocating tribometer is aimed at simulating the piston operating environment to determine the lubrication performance of nitrogen-doped graphene. The characterization and analysis of the wear marks are performed by means of depth-of-field microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and other instruments. The experimental data demonstrate that the friction-reduction and anti-wear properties of PAO 6 base oil are enhanced by 22.4% and 56.9% (100 °C), respectively, after the addition of 0.4 wt% nitrogen-doped graphene. Besides, the abrasive and adhesive wear are significantly reduced, which are attributed to its inter-layer slip along the sliding direction and superior adsorption performance. Finally, the interfacial lubrication mechanism of lubricant protective film under high-temperature conditions is revealed.
Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test Anterior Reach Asymmetry and Noncontact Lower Limb Injury in Subelite Young Male Soccer Players With Different Training Experiences
Authors: Krombholz Dirk , Leinen Peter , Muehlbauer Thomas , Panzer Stefan 
Published: February 2023

Poor single-leg balance performance is associated with an increased risk of sustaining lower limb injuries in team sports. However, it is unclear whether this relationship is modified by the level of training experience (years of training experience). The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether soccer players’ single-leg balance performance is related to lower limb injuries in noncontact situations with different levels of training experience. Subelite young male soccer players performed the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test with the dominant and the nondominant leg at the beginning of the preseason. Due to COVID-19 rules, the occurrence of lower limb injuries during the second half of the competitive season was documented. The odds of injury were calculated based on a previously reported Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test cut-off score for side-to-side anterior reach difference (≥4 cm). Twelve soccer players sustained a lower leg injury in noncontact situations. Only four of them had an anterior reach difference equal to or above the cut-off score. Soccer training experience has no significant influence on the association between Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test anterior reach asymmetry and noncontact lower limb injury in young male players.
The Effect of Real-Time Tibial Acceleration Feedback on Running Biomechanics During Gait Retraining: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Yu Junwu , Bai Jianjuan , Huang Huiming , Ying Shanshan , Wang Aiwen , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To explore the immediate and retention effect of real-time tibial acceleration feedback on running biomechanics during gait retraining. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published before May 2022. The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality and bias risk, and data were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted on the primary outcomes, including peak tibial acceleration (PTA) and vertical ground reaction force. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender, feedback criterion, mode, dosage, fading, retention period, and running environment to evaluate the source of heterogeneity. Qualitative analysis was performed to describe other variables. Results: Fourteen studies (174 participants) were eligible. Meta-analysis showed that real-time tibial acceleration feedback reduced PTA (P < .01, P < .01), vertical impact peak (P = .004, P < .01), vertical average loading rate (P < .01, P < .01), and vertical instantaneous loading rate (P < .01, P < .01) after feedback and during retention period (5 min–12 mo). Subgroup analysis showed that the immediate effect of vertical impact peak was more noticeable with mixed gender (P = .005) and fading feedback (P = .005) conditions, and the retention effect of PTA was more noticeable with high feedback dosage (P < .01) and fading feedback (P < .01) conditions. Conclusions: Real-time tibial acceleration feedback can reduce PTA and vertical ground reaction force during gait retraining, and for periods of 5 minutes to 12 months when the feedback is removed.
Modern contraceptive utilisation and its associated factors among reproductive age women in high fertility regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study is aimed to assess the magnitude of modern contraceptives utilisation and associated factors among reproductive age women in high fertility regions of Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHigh fertility regions of Ethiopian.ParticipantsA total weighted sample of 3822 married reproductive age women.MethodsIn this study, data were obtained from the recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A total weighted sample of 3822 women of reproductive age was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of modern contraceptive utilisation. Statistical significance was determined using adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI.ResultsThe overall modern contraceptive utilisation was 29.75% (95% CI 28.2% to 31.2%). Among the factors associated with utilisation were women’s age 25–34 years (AOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66) and ≥35 (AOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.70), husband’s occupation (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.99), number of alive children: 1–4 (AOR 2.20; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.30), 5–8 (AOR 1.74; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.77), husband’s desired number of children (AOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61 to 0 .96), residency (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.20 to 4.67), community media exposure (AOR 1.77; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.08), region (AOR 0.13; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.52) and religion (AOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.66) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilisation.ConclusionModern contraceptives utilisation in high fertility regions of Ethiopia was low. Women age, husband occupation, number of living children, husband’s desired number of children, residency, community media exposure, region and religion were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilisation. Therefore, to improve the utilisation of modern contraceptives, public health policy makers should consider creating awareness through mass media, male involvement in family planning, as well as family planning programmes, should be encouraged in rural areas.
Indication documentation and indication-based prescribing within electronic prescribing systems: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Feather Calandra , Appelbaum Nicholas , Darzi Ara , Franklin Bryony Dean 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundDespite recommendations, documentation of indication on prescriptions and inpatient medication orders is not routinely practised. There has been a recent systematic review of indication documentation for antimicrobials, but not for interventions relating to indication documentation for medication more broadly. Our aims were to 1) identify, describe and synthesise the literature relating to effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving indication documentation and/or indication-based prescribing in both primary and secondary healthcare; 2) synthesise participant perspectives to identify barriers and facilitators to these interventions; and 3) make recommendations for both practice and research.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase and CINAHL using two search concepts: electronic prescribing systems, and indication documentation and/or indication-based prescribing. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies were included; outcome measures and results were extracted to produce a narrative synthesis. Quality appraisal by two independent reviewers was undertaken using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsWe identified 21 studies evaluating interventions to aid indication documentation. Indication documentation was either via free-text, selection from a list, or by use of pre-defined indication-based order sentences for individual medications. For a number of outcomes, there was a mostly positive impact, including appropriateness of the medication order (6 of 8 studies), rates of prescribing error (2/2) and some less commonly reported clinical (2/4) and workflow-related outcomes (2/3). There was a less favourable impact on accuracy of indication documentation and rates of medication use, highlighting some unintended consequences that may occur when implementing new interventions. Participant insights from prescribers and other healthcare professionals complemented quantitative study results, highlighting both facilitators and barriers to indication documentation and the associated interventions. For example, barriers included long drop-down lists and the need to use workarounds to navigate approval systems due to time or knowledge constraints. Facilitating factors included the perceived benefits of indication documentation on communication among the healthcare team and with the patient.ConclusionIndication documentation has the potential to improve appropriate prescribing and reduce prescribing errors. However, further benefits to the prescriber, multidisciplinary team and patient may only be realised by developing methods of indication documentation that integrate more efficiently with prescriber workflows.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021278495.
Patient safety and hospital visiting at the end of life during COVID-19 restrictions in Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Collier Aileen , Balmer Deborah , Gilder Eileen , Parke Rachael 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundVisiting restrictions were enacted in Aotearoa New Zealand to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and protect the healthcare system. This research aimed to investigate the experiences of families and clinicians of hospital visiting for people with palliative and end-of-life care needs during restrictions.MethodsSemistructured interviews were completed between March and October 2021 with family members and clinicians who had personally experienced enactment of visiting restrictions during pandemic restrictions. A critical realist ontology was used to approach data analysis, sorting and coding to generate themes.ResultsTwenty-seven participants were interviewed, 13 being families who had experienced bereavement of a family member during the restrictions: seven nurses or physicians and seven being non-bereaved family members. Four themes were generated: patient safety—(re)defining the ‘Visitor’; the primacy of SARS-CoV-2—patient safety and negotiating risk; dying alone: enduring harms; and agency, strategies and workarounds.ConclusionVisitor rights and visitor policy at the end of life require greater protection during a pandemic. Transparent, coherent, publicly available evidence-based guidelines that key stakeholders, including patients, families and ethicists, are included in producing, are urgently required. We want to avert a legacy of disenfranchised grief in future pandemics.
Main operating room deliveries for patients with high-risk cardiovascular disease
Authors: Albright Catherine M , Steiner Jill , Sienas Laura , Delgado Carlos , Buber Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundHigh-risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in pregnant patients is increasing. Management of this complex population is not well studied, and little guidance is available regarding labour and delivery planning for optimal outcomes.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the process for and outcomes of our centre’s experience with the main operating room (OR) caesarean deliveries for patients with high-risk CVD, including procedural and postpartum considerations.Study designWe performed a retrospective evaluation of pregnant patients with high-risk CVD who delivered in the main OR at a large academic centre between January 2010 and March 2021. Patients were classified by CVD type: adult congenital heart disease, cardiac arrest, connective tissue disease with aortopathy, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy or valve disease. We examined demographic, anaesthetic and procedure-related variables and in-hospital maternal and fetal outcomes. Multidisciplinary delivery planning was evaluated before and after formalising a cardio-obstetrics programme.ResultsOf 25 deliveries, connective tissue disease (n=9, 36%) was the most common CVD type, followed by non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (n=5, 20%). Scheduled deliveries that went as initially planned occurred for six patients (24%). Fourteen (56%) were unscheduled and urgent or emergent. Patients in modified WHO Class IV frequently underwent unscheduled, urgent deliveries (64%). Most deliveries were safely achieved with neuraxial regional anaesthesia (80%) and haemodynamic monitoring via arterial lines (88%). Postdelivery intensive care unit stays were common (n=18, 72%), but none required mechanical circulatory support. There were no in-hospital maternal or perinatal deaths; 60-day readmission rate was 16%. Some delivery planning was achieved for most patients (n=21, 84%); more planning was evident after establishing a cardio-obstetrics programme. Outcomes did not differ significantly by CVD group or delivery era.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that short-term outcomes of pregnant patients with high-risk CVD undergoing main OR delivery are favourable. Multidisciplinary planning may support the success of these complex cases.
When a Little Nondeterminism Goes a Long Way
Authors: Boker Udi , Lehtinen Karoliina 
Published: February 2023

History-deterministic automata are an intermediate automata model, in between deterministic and nondeterministic ones. An automaton is history-deterministic if its nondeterminism can be resolved on-the-fly, by only taking into account the prefix of the word read so far. This restricted form of nondeterminism yields a class of automata that retains some of the algorithmic properties of deterministic automata, while also enjoying some of the power of nondeterminism.
History-determinism has received a lot of attention in the past few years and this article surveys some of the recent developments on the topic. It aims to showcase some of the key constructions and techniques involved in this line of research, while remaining fairly informal.
We begin with a roughly chronological overview of research on history-determinism, intended as a quick reference to some of the main results on the subject. We then move onto a more detailed discussion of what are, in our view, the key aspects of history-determinism, highlighting throughout questions that remain open. Like any survey written on a topic that is actively worked on, this article aspires to be out-of-date as soon as it is published. We hope that it will remain useful as a gentle, if incomplete, introduction to the topic.