bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociocultural theory and classroom second language learning in the East Asian context: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lantolf James P. , Poehner Matthew E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue, we first present a brief historical overview of sociocultural theory (SCT) as it has been extended to the process of second language (L2) development and instruction, beginning with two significant publications that appeared in 1994. In the early years, the theory was used as a lens to understand various aspects of learning and instruction. Eventually, it came to be used as a means of promoting the processes that it investigates. As we explain in this article, the shift in research orientation reflects Vygotsky's commitment to the unity of theory and research with practice. We then address a problem associated with the term “sociocultural,” which has been used since the inception of L2 research informed by the theory. This is followed by a presentation of the four central principles of the theory, which is contextualized within a discussion of dialectics, the foundational methodological approach adopted by Vygotsky in formulating the theory of higher psychological functioning. The principles each relate to the process through which naturally endowed instincts that govern mental and emotional behavior from birth are restructured as they interact with culturally developed forms of mediation, including—most importantly—language. Next, we present an overview of the special issue that includes a discussion of the important concepts that are brought to bear in instructed L2 development. These include the important distinction between everyday and scientific concepts and concept‐based instruction; the zone of proximal development and dynamic assessment; languaging, or the psychological use of speaking and writing in the developmental process;perezhivanie, the dialectical unity of emotion and cognition as related to development; andobuchenie, the instruction–development dialectic. These concepts, along with the theoretical principles, are employed in various ways in the seven articles included in the special issue. The articles are representative of the innovative SCT‐L2 research that is currently under way in East Asia, a region of the world that only recently has been attracted to the theory. While the research reported on in the special issue emerges from this particular area, the implications for other instructional contexts and for the theory itself are significant.
Effects of written languaging on second language learning: Mediating roles of aptitude
Authors: Ishikawa Masako , Suzuki Wataru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLanguaging—that is, using language to mediate thinking, orally or in writing—facilitates second language (L2) learning. As languaging requires the deliberate, analytical action of L2 learners, learners with higher language aptitude are likely to benefit more from languaging than those with lower aptitude. Thus, this study investigated the extent to which language aptitude mediates the effects of written languaging (WL) on L2 learning. Pre‐intermediate Japanese university students were assigned to +WL or −WL groups. The +WL group was instructed to compare their composition with the model text and explain, in writing, the use of articles (i.e., WL). In contrast, the −WL group copied the model 3 times. Examination of the association between the scores on aptitude tests (i.e., LLAMA, Language Aptitude Battery for Japanese, and Modern Language Aptitude Test) and the gain scores on assessment tests (pre‐, post‐, and delayed posttests) revealed that half of the correlations were significant for the 2 test types in the −WL group. However, no such correlations were found in the +WL group. Thus, WL might have benefitted the +WL participants by facilitating their noticing and reflecting on the linguistic issues, regardless of their aptitude profiles. We argue that WL may be a more influential factor than aptitude.
Decoding EFL learners’ internalization of English modal verbs in concept‐based language instruction: Integrating SCOBAs with languaging
Authors: Qin Lili , Ouyang Xibei , Ren Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConcept‐based language instruction (C‐BLI) is a pedagogy guided by sociocultural theory, which has been shown to be effective in facilitating second language learning. Typical activities include materialization by using a schema for a complete orienting basis of an action (SCOBA) and languaging, through which learners’ internalization of scientific knowledge can be observed. However, previous studies have mainly used languaging as an assessment tool to examine the outcome of the internalization of concepts. Few studies have integrated SCOBAs (visual) and languaging (oral or written) in their investigation of the internalization process. This 5‐week study involved 53 Chinese English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language learners in a university who were all taught with the C‐BLI approach to learn English modal verbs. Among them, there were 26 lower proficiency students and 27 higher proficiency students. Visual, oral, and written data were collected to examine the participants’ internalization of the modal verb concepts. All 53 learners participated in SCOBA drawing and written‐languaging tasks. Twelve students (6 per group) volunteered to participate in oral languaging. The results showed that in the SCOBA drawing activity, higher level learners produced more abstract, systematic, and imitated visualizations of the concepts, while lower level learners produced more concrete, disconnected, and emulated visualizations. With regard to oral languaging, both groups largely abandoned their previously learned “rule of thumb” after the C‐BLI intervention, and there were no obvious differences in oral‐languaging performance between the two groups, except that the higher group produced more languaging units. Finally, we also found that the changes between pre‐ and post‐written‐languaging tasks for lower level students were more obvious, especially in the appropriation of SCOBAs in written languaging.
Introduction to decolonizing nursing
Authors: Chinn Peggy L. , Smith Marlaine C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fact that racism and other forms of discrimination and injustice have persisted in our own nursing communities despite our rhetoric of caring and compassion can no longer be denied. This fact gave rise to a webinar in which the scholars represented in this issue of Nursing Philosophy appear. The webinar centered on the philosophy, phenomenology and scholarship of Indigenous nurses and nurses of color. The authors of the articles in this issue are giving us the precious gift of their ideas. All of us, white scholars and scholars of color, must come together to receive this gift, learn from their words and their insight, debate the ideas, honor the perspectives, and consider ways that we can move this discourse forward to create new possibilities for nursing, new possibilities to shape the future development of our discipline.
Periodontitis deteriorates renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Youn Soo , Kim Ae Ri , Jeon Yeong‐Eui , Bak Eun‐Jung , Yoo Yun‐Jung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of periodontitis on renal function and morphology in rats with or without nephrectomy (Nx)‐induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsRats were divided into sham surgery (Sham), Sham with tooth ligation (ShamL), Nx, and NxL groups. Periodontitis was induced by tooth ligation at 16‐week olds. Creatinine, alveolar bone area, and renal histopathology were analyzed at 20‐week olds.ResultsCreatinine did not differ between the Sham and ShamL groups or between the Nx and NxL groups. The ShamL and NxL groups (both p = 0.002) had less alveolar bone area than the Sham group. The NxL group had fewer glomeruli than the Nx group (p < 0.000). The periodontitis groups demonstrated more tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Sham vs. ShamL p = 0.002, Nx vs. NxL p < 0.000) and macrophage infiltration (Sham vs. ShamL p = 0.002, Nx vs. NxL p = 0.006) than the groups without periodontitis. Only the NxL group had greater renal TNFα expression than the Sham group (p < 0.003).ConclusionsThese suggest that periodontitis increases renal fibrosis and inflammation in the presence or absence of CKD but does not affect renal function. Periodontitis also increases TNFα expression in the presence of CKD.
Distinctive alterations in the mesocorticolimbic circuits in various psychiatric disorders
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Ishida Takuya , Tanaka Saori C. , Mitsuyama Yuki , Yokoyama Satoshi , Shinzato Hotaka , Itai Eri , Okada Go , Kobayashi Yuko , Kawashima Takahiko , Miyata Jun , Yoshihara Yujiro , Takahashi Hidehiko , Aoki Ryuta , Nakamura Motoaki , Ota Haruhisa , Itahashi Takashi , Morita Susumu , Kawakami Shintaro , Abe Osamu , Okada Naohiro , Kunimatsu Akira , Yamashita Ayumu , Yamashita Okito , Imamizu Hiroshi , Morimoto Jun , Okamoto Yasumasa , Murai Toshiya , Hashimoto Ryu‐Ichiro , Kasai Kiyoto , Kawato Mitsuo , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: March 2023

AimIncreasing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are linked to alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits. However, the common and disease‐specific alterations remain to be examined in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, this study aimed to examine common and disease‐specific features related to mesocorticolimbic circuits.MethodsThis study included 555 participants from four institutes with five scanners: 140 individuals with SCZ (45.0% female), 127 individuals with MDD (44.9%), 119 individuals with ASD (15.1%), and 169 healthy controls (HC) (34.9%). All participants underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A parametric empirical Bayes approach was adopted to compare estimated effective connectivity among groups. Intrinsic effective connectivity focusing on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), shell and core parts of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined using a dynamic causal modeling analysis across these psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe excitatory shell‐to‐core connectivity was greater in all patients than in the HC group. The inhibitory shell‐to‐VTA and shell‐to‐mPFC connectivities were greater in the ASD group than in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups. Furthermore, the VTA‐to‐core and VTA‐to‐shell connectivities were excitatory in the ASD group, while those connections were inhibitory in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups.ConclusionImpaired signaling in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits could be an underlying neuropathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. These findings will improve the understanding of unique neural alternations of each disorder and will facilitate identification of effective therapeutic targets.
Clinical influence of multiplex polymerase chain reaction routine uses in urgent pediatric admissions
Authors: Kuribayashi Mutsuko , Otake Shogo , Kamiyoshi Naohiro , Naito Sanae , Yamamoto Yuko , Shirai Keisuke , Fujisawa Kai , Kasai Masashi , Kugo Masaaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has prompted some hospitals to implement screening tests upon admission since 2020. FilmArray® Respiratory 2.1 Panel (FilmArray) is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting respiratory pathogens. We aimed to assess the clinical influence of the routine use of FilmArray for pediatric patients, including those without symptoms suggestive of an infection.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective observational study, which investigated patients aged ≤15 years who underwent FilmArray on admission in 2021. We collected the patients' epidemiological information, symptoms, and FilmArray results from their electronic health records.ResultsA positive result was observed in 58.6% of patients admitted to the general ward or intensive care unit (ICU) but only in 1.5% of patients in the neonatal ward. Among the patients admitted to the general ward or ICU who tested positive, 93.3% had symptoms suggestive of infections, 44.6% had a sick contact before admission, and 70.5% had siblings. However, 62 (28.2%) out of 220 patients without the four (fever, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and dermal) symptoms also had positive results. Among them, 18 patients with adenovirus and three with respiratory syncytial virus were isolated to private rooms. However, 12 (57.1%) patients were discharged without symptoms suggestive of viral infection.ConclusionMultiplex PCR routine use for all inpatients may lead to excessive management of positive cases because FilmArray cannot quantify microorganisms. Thus, targets for testing should be considered carefully based on patients' symptoms and histories of sick contacts.
Donor specific antibody surveillance among pediatric kidney transplant programs: A report from the improving renal outcome collaborative
Authors: Steinbach Emily J. , Barletta Gina M. , Patel Hiren P. , Hooper David K. , Garro Rouba , Harshman Lyndsay A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred treatment for children with end‐stage kidney disease. Recent advances in immunosuppression and advances in donor specific antibody (DSA) testing have resulted in prolonged allograft survival; however, standardized approaches for surveillance DSA monitoring and management of de novo (dn) DSA are widely variable among pediatric KT programs.MethodsPediatric transplant nephrologists in the multi‐center Improving Renal Outcomes Collaborative (IROC) participated in a voluntary, web‐based survey between 2019 and 2020. Centers provided information pertaining to frequency and timing of routine DSA surveillance and theoretical management of dnDSA development in the setting of stable graft function.Results29/30 IROC centers responded to the survey. Among the participating centers, screening for DSA occurs, on average, every 3 months for the first 12 months post‐transplant. Antibody mean fluorescent intensity and trend most frequently directed changes in patient management. Increased creatinine above baseline was reported by all centers as an indication for DSA assessment outside of routine surveillance testing. 24/29 centers would continue to monitor DSA and/or intensify immunosuppression after detection of antibodies in the setting of stable graft function. In addition to enhanced monitoring, 10/29 centers reported performing an allograft biopsy upon detection of dnDSA, even in the setting of stable graft function.ConclusionsThis descriptive report is the largest reported survey of pediatric transplant nephrologist practice patterns on this topic and provides a reference for monitoring dnDSA in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
Do vasoactive medications impact donor hearts clinical outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation?
Authors: Blitzer David , Lirette Seth , Kane Lauren , Copeland Jack G. , Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited data examining donor vasopressor and/or inotrope medications (vasoactives) on pediatric orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) outcomes. We aim to evaluate the effects of vasoactives on pediatric OHT outcomes.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to March 2018 for donor hearts. Exclusion criteria included multiorgan transplants and recipient age >18. Donors receiving vasoactives at the time of procurement were compared to donors not on vasoactives, including the number of vasoactives and the type. End‐points of interest were survival at 30 days and 1 year as well as post‐transplant rejection at 1 year. Logistic and Cox models were used to quantify survival end‐points.ResultsOf 6462 donors, 3187 (49.3%) were receiving at least one vasoactive. Comparing any vasoactive medication versus none, there was no difference in 30‐day survival (p = .27), 1 year survival (p = .89), overall survival (p = .68), or post‐transplant rejection (p = .98). There was no difference in 30‐day survival for donors receiving 2 or more vasoactive infusions (p = .89), 1 year survival (p = .53), overall survival (p = .75), or post‐transplant rejection at 1 year (p = .87). Vasopressin was associated with decreased 30‐day mortality (OR = 0.22; p = .028), dobutamine with decreased 1‐year mortality (OR = 0.37; p = .036), overall survival (HR = 0.51; p = .003), and decreased post‐transplant rejection (HR = 0.63; p = .012).ConclusionsThere is no difference in pediatric OHT outcomes when the cardiac donor is treated with vasoactive infusions at procurement. Vasopressin and dobutamine were associated with improved outcomes. This information can be used to guide medical management and donor selection.
Biosynthesis of capsaicinoids in pungent peppers under salinity stress
Authors: Shams Mostafakamal , Yuksel Esra Arslan , Agar Guleray , Ekinci Melek , Kul Raziye , Turan Metin , Yildirim Ertan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of capsaicinoids occurs in the placenta of the fruits of pungent peppers. However, the mechanism of capsaicinoids' biosynthesis in pungent peppers under salinity stress conditions is unknown. The Habanero and Maras genotypes, the hottest peppers in the world, were chosen as plant material for this study, and they were grown under normal and salinity (5 dS m−1) conditions. The results showed that salinity stress harmed plant growth but increased the capsaicin content by 35.11% and 37.00%, as well as the dihydrocapsaicin content by 30.82% and 72.89% in the fruits of the Maras and Habanero genotypes, respectively, at 30 days after planting. The expression analysis of key genes in capsaicinoids biosynthesis revealed that the PAL1, pAMT, KAS, and PUN1 genes were overexpressed in the vegetative and reproductive organs of pungent peppers under normal conditions. However, under salinity stress, overexpression of PAL1, pAMT, and PUN1 genes was identified in the roots of both genotypes, which was accompanied by an increase in capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content. The findings showed that salinity stress caused an enhancement in the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents in the roots, leaves, and fruits of pungent peppers. Nonetheless, it was found that the production of capsaicinoids is generally not restricted to the fruits of pungent peppers.
Fighting the last war: Is presidential hindsight 20‐20?
Authors: Groves Bryan N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFighting the last war lays out the contours of a theoretical framework that explains U.S. presidential decisions to cut losses or double down on major post‐Vietnam military conflicts. The archival sources and principal interviews give readers an insider's look into presidents' conflict decision making. The article explains how the Vietnam War catastrophe shaped Presidents Reagan and Clinton's attempts to avoid a similar quagmire in Lebanon in 1983–1984 and Somalia in 1993, respectively. It then shows how new lessons from 9/11 and beyond shaped Presidents Bush and Obama's decisions to surge troops and employ counterinsurgency strategies in Iraq (2007) and Afghanistan (2009). While Vietnam‐era lessons remained important to all these presidents, pre‐9/11 they believed entrapment risks from incremental escalation were worse than de‐escalation risks. After 9/11, the logic flipped.
Managing our SOBs: Washington's response to friendly dictators in trouble
Authors: Béliveau Victor A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhy does the United States either continue to support or turn its back on a friendly dictator once that dictator is faced with internal uprisings? This study argues that a US president's decision to either remain loyal to or abandon dictators when they are in trouble ultimately depends on the preservation of acquired influence (PAI). This argument is tested by considering three crises in which the White House was faced with a choice between prolonging support or abandoning established alliances with Batista in Cuba (1956–1959), Mobutu in Zaire (1990–1991), and Mubarak in Egypt (2011). In all three case studies, the PAI argument is found to account for observed variations in US foreign policy toward friendly dictators in trouble.
Aesthetic Republicanism in Shostakovich’s Fourteenth Symphony
Authors: Maslov Boris , Brito Paulo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDmitri Shostakovich’s Fourteenth symphony, marked by an experimental and politically charged libretto, is set to verses by four poets, including a piece by Wilhelm Küchelbecker that the composer discovered in Yuri Tynianov’s historical novel Kiukhlia: Story of a Decembrist. Considered in light of the manifold intellectual ties between Shostakovich and Tynianov, the use of Küchelbecker’s poem can be seen to have major implications for the idea of “earthly immortality” (Hannah Arendt) that the symphony articulates. Through his engagement with Küchelbecker and Tynianov, Shostakovich molds an aestheticist version of the distinctly late Soviet ideology of non‐violent opposition to state oppression.
Plasma procalcitonin kinetics in healthy dogs and dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Rompf Johanna , Hettlich Bianca , Lutz Bérénice , Marti Eliane , Mirkovitch Jelena , Peters Laureen , Adamik Katja‐Nicole , Schüpbach‐Regula Gertraud , Willi Barbara , Schuller Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) is a well‐established biomarker for bacterial infection in human patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the kinetics of plasma PCT (pPCT) in healthy dogs and dogs with canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal study included 15 healthy dogs and 25 dogs undergoing TPLO. Hematology, pPCT, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were assessed on 3 consecutive days in healthy dogs and 1 day preoperatively and days 1, 2, 10, and 56 postoperatively. Inter‐ and intraindividual variability of pPCT were assessed in healthy dogs. Median pPCT concentrations of dogs with CCL rupture preoperatively were compared with healthy controls, and median pPCT concentrations, as well as percentage change post anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO, were compared with baseline. For the correlation analysis, the Spearman rank correlation test was used.ResultsInter‐ and intraindividual variabilities of pPCT in healthy dogs were 36% and 15%, respectively. Median baseline pPCT concentrations were not significantly different between healthy dogs (118.9 pg/mL; IQR: 75.3‐157.3 pg/mL) and dogs undergoing TPLO (95.9 pg/mL; IQR: 63.8‐117.0 pg/mL). Plasma PCT concentrations were significantly lower immediately post‐ than preoperatively (P < 0.001). CRP, WBC, and neutrophil concentrations increased significantly on post‐OP day 2 and had normalized by day 10.ConclusionsThese results indicate that CCL rupture, as well as anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO combined, are not associated with increased pPCT concentrations in dogs with uncomplicated recovery. Considering the high intraindividual variability, individual serial measurements rather than a population‐based reference interval should be considered.