bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of OCS via the F Rydberg state: The O (3PJ=2,1,0) product channels
Authors: Luo Chang , Zhou Lin , Chen Wentao , Yuan Daofu , Yu Shengrui , Wang Siwen , Parker David H. , Yang Xueming , Wang Xingan 
Published: April 2023

We study the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation dynamics of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) by using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Experimental images of the dissociative O (3PJ=0,1,2) products were acquired at five VUV photolysis wavelengths from 133.26 to 139.96 nm that correspond to the F Rydberg state of OCS. High vibrational states of the carbon monosulfide (CS) co-products are partially resolved in the images. The product total kinetic energy releases, angular distributions, and the product state branching ratios were derived from the experimental images. Notably, it is found that the anisotropic parameters change systematically with the photolysis wavelength. The anisotropic parameters and the product state branching ratios are significantly sensitive to the J quantum number of the O (3PJ) products. The phenomenon indicates that multiple nonadiabatic pathways are strongly involved in the photodissociation processes.
The effect of 1H offset and flip-angle on heteronuclear decoupling efficiency in ROSPAC pulsed sequence: A Floquet description
Authors: Simion Andrea , Ernst Matthias , Filip Claudiu 
Published: April 2023

A new heteronuclear decoupling sequence for solid-state NMR and magic angle spinning faster than 60 kHz was recently introduced [Simion et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 014202 (2022)]. It was dubbed ROtor-Synchronized Phase-Alternated Cycles (ROSPAC), and it offers robustness for a large range of chemical shifts and low radio-frequency (RF) powers and is almost independent of the radio-frequency power. Here, we theoretically explore the robustness of the ROSPAC sequence toward 1H offset and RF field inhomogeneities, as well as the spacing effect of the π pulses on the decoupling efficiency. We use a generalized theoretical framework based on the Floquet theory to assess these parameters. The optimum decoupling conditions, where the magnitude of the second-order cross-terms and first-order resonance conditions are small, were identified.
Magnetotransport property of oxygen-annealed Fe1+y
Te thin films
Authors: Meng Miao , Liu Siqian , Song Dongsheng , Zhang Xi , Du Haifeng , Huang Haoliang , Liu Huaying , Sun Zhangao , Mei Chenguang , Yang Huaixin , Tian Huanfang , Lu Yalin , Zhang Yuzhong , Li Jianqi , Zhao Yonggang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fe-based superconductors are one of the current research focuses. FeTe is unique in the series of FeSe1−x
Te
x
, since it is nonsuperconducting near the FeTe side in the phase diagram in contrast to the presence of superconductivity in other region. However, FeTe thin films become superconducting after oxygen annealing and the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the temperature dependences of resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance (MR) of a series of FeTe thin films with different amounts of excess Fe and oxygen. These properties show dramatic changes with excess Fe and oxygen incorporation. We found the Hall coefficients are positive for the oxygen-annealed samples, in contrast to the transition from positive to negative below 50 K for the vacuum-annealed samples. For all samples, both the resistivity and Hall coefficient show a dramatic drop, respectively, at around 50 K–75 K, implying coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order for the oxygen-annealed samples. The vacuum-annealed samples show both positive and negative values of MR depending on temperature, while negative MR dominates for the oxygen-annealed samples. We also found that oxygen annealing reduces the excess Fe in FeTe, which has been neglected before. The results are discussed in terms of several contributions, and a comparison is made between the oxygen-annealed FeTe thin films and FeSe1−x
Te
x
. This work is helpful for shedding light on the understanding of oxygen-annealed FeTe thin films.
High nitrogen polymer in silver polynitrides
Authors: Liu Ran , Wang Dongxue , Xu Dan , Jin Bo , Liu Miao , Liu Ran , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Yi , Liu Shuang , Yao Zhen , Niu Shifeng , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Ag–N system is enriched by proposing four polymeric structures in first-principles calculations at high-pressure. The proposed P-1-AgN2 and P21/c-AgN2 not only break the new record in the polymeric configuration of MN2 compound, but also in the energy density. In the MN2 stoichiometric ratio, the infinite armchair-antiarmchair chain and the layered polymer structure are reported for the first time in P-1-AgN2 and P21/c-AgN2, indicating that the highly polymerized structure can also be formed in nitrides with low nitrogen content at high pressure. The mechanism of structure evolution behaviors of AgN2 under pressure is revealed by the analysis of atomic orbital hybridization. Meanwhile, the high energy densities are obtained in P-1-AgN2 (1.76 kJ g−1) and P21/c-AgN2 (2.01 kJ g−1) compared to all the reported MN2 nitrides. In addition, the infinite band-shaped structure and infinite curve layer structure are obtained in P-1-AgN5 and C2/m-AgN6, respectively. The energy densities of P-1-AgN5 (3.82 kJ g−1) and C2/m-AgN6 (4.51 kJ g−1) are comparable to or larger than that of TNT (4.3 kJ g−1). Moreover, P-1-AgN2, P21/c-AgN2, P-1-AgN5, and C2/m-AgN6 exhibit excellent explosive performance in terms of detonation velocity and detonation pressure.
A fully digital coincidence Doppler broadening spectrometer based on FPGA
Authors: Dong Junqi , Wang Zhu , Liao Yuan , Zhang Mengxin , Qian Qiufei , Zou Fenghua , Shao Yundong , Zou Wusheng , Xiong Rui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, we implemented a fully digital Coincidence Doppler Broadening (CDB)
spectrometer consisting of two HPGe detectors, a fully digital processing and acquisition board,
and a dedicated software system. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) on the board extracts
energy and time stamp of digitized pulses from HPGe detectors, and communicates with the dedicated
software by which the single channel spectrums and 2D coincidence spectrum were produced. We
designed an instruction set dedicated to the CDB Spectrometer and the controller module in FPGA so
that the FPGA subsystem is fully controllable and configurable. The trapezoidal pulse shaping
algorithm was implemented in FPGA whose arguments are all configurable through the dedicated
software by the instruction set. We examined the long-term stability of the spectrometer by 511 keV peak position of both channels. The 2D Gaussian fitting is performed on coincidence spectrum
by the software to correct the peak drift of both channels. The results show that this method
effectively improves the Doppler-broadened spectrum, by which the peak-to-background ratio
increases from 7.0 × 105 to 1.9 × 106.
The impact of cognitive function on physical activity, physical function and quality of life in older adults following a hip fracture
Authors: Runde Henrik A , Taraldsen Kristin , Follestad Turid , Saltvedt Ingvild , Johnsen Lars G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the impact of cognitive function on physical activity (PA), physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults within the first year after hip fracture (HF) surgery.

Methods
We included 397 home-dwelling individuals aged 70 years or older with the ability to walk 10 m before the fracture. Cognitive function was measured at 1 month and other outcomes were assessed at 1, 4 and 12 months postoperatively. Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function, accelerometer-based body-worn sensors to register PA, Short Physical Performance Battery to test physical function and EuroQol-5-dimension-3-level to estimate the HRQoL. Data were analysed by linear mixed-effects models with interactions and ordinal logistic regression models.

Results
Cognitive function, adjusted for the pre-fracture ability to perform activities of daily living, comorbidity, age and gender, had an impact on PA [b = 3.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20–5.23, P &lt; 0.001] and physical function (b = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04–0.11, P &lt; 0.001; b = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09–0.15, P &lt; 0.001; and b = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10–0.18, P &lt; 0.001 at 1, 4 and 12 months, respectively). The cognitive function did not have a considerable impact on HRQoL.

Conclusions
For older adults with HFs, cognitive function 1 month postoperatively had a significant impact on PA and physical function in the first postoperative year. For the HRQoL, little or no evidence of such an effect was found.
Spatial expression patterns of genes encoding sugar sensors in leaves of C4 and C3 grasses
Authors: Benning Urs F , Chen Lily , Watson-Lazowski Alexander , Henry Clemence , Furbank Robert T , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The mechanisms of sugar sensing in grasses remain elusive, especially those using C4 photosynthesis even though a large proportion of the world's agricultural crops utilize this pathway. We addressed this gap by comparing the expression of genes encoding components of sugar sensors in C3 and C4 grasses, with a focus on source tissues of C4 grasses. Given C4 plants evolved into a two-cell carbon fixation system, it was hypothesized this may have also changed how sugars were sensed.

Methods
For six C3 and eight C4 grasses, putative sugar sensor genes were identified for target of rapamycin (TOR), SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), hexokinase (HXK) and those involved in the metabolism of the sugar sensing metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) using publicly available RNA deep sequencing data. For several of these grasses, expression was compared in three ways: source (leaf) versus sink (seed), along the gradient of the leaf, and bundle sheath versus mesophyll cells.

Key Results
No positive selection of codons associated with the evolution of C4 photosynthesis was identified in sugar sensor proteins here. Expressions of genes encoding sugar sensors were relatively ubiquitous between source and sink tissues as well as along the leaf gradient of both C4 and C3 grasses. Across C4 grasses, SnRK1β1 and TPS1 were preferentially expressed in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, respectively. Species-specific differences of gene expression between the two cell types were also apparent.

Conclusions
This comprehensive transcriptomic study provides an initial foundation for elucidating sugar-sensing genes within major C4 and C3 crops. This study provides some evidence that C4 and C3 grasses do not differ in how sugars are sensed. While sugar sensor gene expression has a degree of stability along the leaf, there are some contrasts between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
A scalable unsupervised learning of scRNAseq data detects rare cells through integration of structure-preserving embedding, clustering and outlier detection
Authors: Mallick Koushik , Chakraborty Sikim , Mallik Saurav , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis has become a powerful tool to analyse the transcriptomes of individual cells. In turn, it has fostered the possibility of screening thousands of single cells in parallel. Thus, contrary to the traditional bulk measurements that only paint a macroscopic picture, gene measurements at the cell level aid researchers in studying different tissues and organs at various stages. However, accurate clustering methods for such high-dimensional data remain exiguous and a persistent challenge in this domain. Of late, several methods and techniques have been promulgated to address this issue. In this article, we propose a novel framework for clustering large-scale single-cell data and subsequently identifying the rare-cell sub-populations. To handle such sparse, high-dimensional data, we leverage PaCMAP (Pairwise Controlled Manifold Approximation), a feature extraction algorithm that preserves both the local and the global structures of the data and Gaussian Mixture Model to cluster single-cell data. Subsequently, we exploit Edited Nearest Neighbours sampling and Isolation Forest/One-class Support Vector Machine to identify rare-cell sub-populations. The performance of the proposed method is validated using the publicly available datasets with varying degrees of cell types and rare-cell sub-populations. On several benchmark datasets, the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method successfully identifies cell types that constitute populations ranging from 0.1 to 8% with F1-scores of 0.91 0.09. The source code is available at https://github.com/scrab017/RarPG
Video Capsule Endoscopy can Identify Occult Luminal Crohn’s Disease in Patients with Isolated Perianal Fistulas
Authors: McCurdy Jeffrey D , Weng Robin , Parlow Simon , Dawkins Yvonne M , Brar Gurmun , Oliveira Liliana , Saloojee Nav , Murthy Sanjay , Kenshil Sana , Macdonald Blair , Sabri Elham , Moloo Husein , Sy Richmond 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Accurate tools to distinguish Crohn’s disease [CD] from cryptoglandular disease in patients with perianal fistulas without detectable luminal inflammation on ileocolonoscopy and abdominal enterography (isolated perianal fistulas [IPF]) are lacking. We assessed the ability of video capsule endoscopy [VCE] to detect luminal inflammation in patients with IPF.

Methods
We studied consecutive adults [&gt;17 years] with IPF who were evaluated by VCE after a negative ileocolonoscopy and abdominal enterography between 2013 and 2022. We defined luminal CD by VCE as diffuse erythema, three or more aphthous ulcers, or a Lewis score greater than 135. We compared rates of intestinal inflammation in this cohort with age- and sex-matched controls without perianal fistulas, who underwent VCE for other indications. We excluded persons with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressive treatments.

Results
A total of 45 patients with IPF underwent VCE without complications. Twelve patients [26%] met our definition of luminal CD. Luminal CD was more common in patients with IPF than in controls [26% vs 3%; p &lt;0.01]. Among patients with IPF, male sex (OR [odds ratio], 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.1-79.4]), smoking (OR, 4.5; 95% CI [0.9-21.2]), abscess (OR, 6.3; 95% CI [1.5-26.8]), rectal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] (OR, 9.0; 95% CI [0.8-99.3]), and positive antimicrobial serology (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, [0.7-70.0]) were more common in those with a positive VCE study.

Conclusions
VCE detected small intestinal inflammation suggestive of luminal CD in approximately one-quarter of patients with IPF. Larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Residency and habitat use of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm
Authors: Thatcher H , Stamp T , Wilcockson D , Moore P J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As offshore wind energy developments increase globally in response to climate change, it is important to gain an understanding of the effects they are having on the marine environment. Whilst there is growing information on the types of organisms present within these sites, our knowledge of how species interact with these sites is limited. For the first time we examined the movements and habitat utilization of a temperate decapod, the European Lobster Homarus gammarus, using acoustic telemetry within an offshore wind farm (OWF). Innovasea V9 acoustic transmitters were externally attached to 33 individuals (carapace length = 87–113  mm) at three turbine locations within an offshore wind farm in the Irish Sea. Individuals were found to exhibit high residency to the tagging sites, with over half of tagged lobsters present at the tagging sites for 70% of the study period. Individual home ranges and core territories were calculated using 95% and 50% kernel density, respectively. Home ranges ranged from 9313.76 to 23 156.48m2 while core territories ranged from 1084.05 to 6037.38m2. Over 50% of all detections were recorded within 35 m of the scour protection. These results suggest that particular areas of habitat within fixed-turbine OWFs provide a suitable habitat for lobsters. We postulate that this is likely the result of artificial reef effects arising from the addition of artificial hard substate into previously soft sediment dominated habitats. Therefore, future fixed-turbine OWF developments across Europe may provide potential fishery opportunities as a result of artificial reef effects.
Genetic variation and elevated liver enzymes during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Stender Stefan , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Genetic factors influence the risk of fatty liver disease (FLD) in adults. The aim of this study was to test if, and when, genetic risk factors known to affect FLD in adults begin to exert their deleterious effects during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood.

Methods
We included up to 4018 British children and adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Three genetic variants known to associate robustly with FLD in adults (PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926 and HSD17B13 rs72613567) were tested for association with plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) during childhood (mean age: 9.9 years), early adolescence (15.5 years), late adolescence (17.8 years), and early adulthood (24.5 years). We also tested the associations of a 17-variant score and whole-genome polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from associations in adults with plasma ALT and AST at the same four time points. Associations with elastography-derived liver steatosis and fibrosis were tested in early adulthood.

Results
Genetic risk factors for FLD (individually, combined into a 3-variant score, a 17-variant score and as a genome-wide PRS), were associated with higher liver enzymes, beginning in childhood and throughout adolescence and early adulthood. The ALT-increasing effects of the genetic risk variants became larger with increasing age. The ALT-PRS was associated with liver steatosis in early adulthood. No genetic associations with fibrosis were observed.

Conclusions
Genetic factors that promote FLD in adults associate with elevated liver enzymes already during childhood, and their effects get amplified with increasing age.
Social-psychological Aspects of Probability-based Online Panel Participation
Authors: Kocar Sebastian , Lavrakas Paul J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we use qualitative research methods to identify, discuss, and investigate the self-reported motivational factors and barriers in all stages of the probability-based online panel lifecycle—recruitment to the panel, wave-by-wave data collection, and voluntary attrition. Our data were gathered with qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs). Between March 2020 and February 2021, panelists from the Life in Australia™ probability online panel were classified into four groups based on their previous panel response behavior and each was interviewed. The qualitative data were used to link the reported motivation for and barriers against joining and staying active in the panel with theories about survey participation. Evidence from the IDIs shows that motivations and barriers can be directly linked to social-psychological theories that explain panel/longitudinal survey participation, including how theories such as social-exchange theory, leverage-salience theory, and the reasoned action approach, are sufficiently robust to help understand the time dimension of survey participation and behavioral change of panel members. Our findings have practical implications for probability-based online panel management.
Nationality Status Determination in Asylum Procedures under the CEAS and the Potential Impact of the ‘New Pact on Migration and Asylum’
Authors: Manzotti Cecilia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The determination of asylum seekers’ nationality, or lack thereof, is a key component of assessments of applications for international protection, and can prove difficult when asylum seekers do not submit any valid identity or travel documents, or are stateless or at risk of statelessness. This article investigates how nationality status determination is relevant and how it is regulated in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and in the ‘New Pact on Migration and Asylum’ (the Pact), that is currently under negotiation in the European Union (EU). Under the CEAS, the determination of nationality is not only critical to assessing whether the applicant qualifies for international protection, but can also determine the type of procedure through which their application is examined, and accordingly the level of procedural guarantees to which they are entitled. Under the Pact, with the introduction of a pre-entry screening and the obligation to process asylum applications lodged by individuals from countries with low recognition rates through border procedures, the determination of the applicant’s nationality becomes even more critical. In fact, the Pact institutionalizes the channelling of asylum seekers into substandard procedures based on their nationality, a practice that has been widely used in ‘hotspots’ in Greece and Italy. This is even more problematic considering that the Pact, like the current CEAS, provides only very general rules relevant to establishing a claimant’s nationality status. This article sheds light on an overlooked aspect of asylum procedures, and calls for the development of specific guidance on nationality status determination in asylum procedures at the EU level.
Extracting social determinants of health from clinical note text with classification and sequence-to-sequence approaches
Authors: Romanowski Brian , Ben Abacha Asma , Fan Yadan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are nonmedical factors that can influence health outcomes. This paper seeks to extract SDOH from clinical texts in the context of the National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2) 2022 Track 2 Task.

Materials and Methods
Annotated and unannotated data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) corpus, the Social History Annotation Corpus, and an in-house corpus were used to develop 2 deep learning models that used classification and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) approaches.

Results
The seq2seq approach had the highest overall F1 scores in the challenge’s 3 subtasks: 0.901 on the extraction subtask, 0.774 on the generalizability subtask, and 0.889 on the learning transfer subtask.

Discussion
Both approaches rely on SDOH event representations that were designed to be compatible with transformer-based pretrained models, with the seq2seq representation supporting an arbitrary number of overlapping and sentence-spanning events. Models with adequate performance could be produced quickly, and the remaining mismatch between representation and task requirements was then addressed in postprocessing. The classification approach used rules to generate entity relationships from its sequence of token labels, while the seq2seq approach used constrained decoding and a constraint solver to recover entity text spans from its sequence of potentially ambiguous tokens.

Conclusion
We proposed 2 different approaches to extract SDOH from clinical texts with high accuracy. However, accuracy suffers on text from new healthcare institutions not present in the training data, and thus generalization remains an important topic for future study.