bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning of the band gap and dielectric loss factor by Mn doping of Zn1-xMnxO nanoparticles
Authors: Shah Wiqar Hussain , Alam Azeema , Javed Hafsa , Rashid Khadija , Ali Akhtar , Ali Liaqat , Safeen Akif , Ali Muhammad R. , Imran Naveed , Sohail Muhammad , Chambashi Gilbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explored the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Pure and Mn+2 doped ZnO nano-particles (Zn1−xMnxO) with x ≥ 20%, synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by annealing at 4500C. Different characterization techniques were conducted to characterize the as-prepared nano-particles. X-ray Diffraction analysis of the pure and Mn+2 doped presented a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a decreased crystallite size with increasing doping concentration. Morphological analysis from SEM revealed finely dispersed spherical nanoparticles with particle size of 40–50 nm. Compositional analysis from EDX confirmed the incorporation of Mn+2ions in ZnO structure. The Results of UV spectroscopy showed that changing the doping concentration affects the band gap, and a red shift is observed as the doping concentration is increased. The band gap changes from 3.3 to 2.75 eV. Dielectric measurements exhibited decrease in the relative permittivity, dielectric loss factor and ac conductivity by increasing Mn concentration.
Genomic variation in the genus Beta based on 656 sequenced beet genomes
Authors: Felkel Sabine , Dohm Juliane C. , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCultivated beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) constitute important crop plants, in particular sugar beet as an indispensable source of sucrose. Several species of wild beets of the genus Beta with distribution along the European Atlantic coast, Macaronesia, and throughout the Mediterranean area exist. Thorough characterization of beet genomes is required for straightforward access to genes promoting genetic resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Analysing short-read data of 656 sequenced beet genomes, we identified 10 million variant positions in comparison to the sugar beet reference genome RefBeet-1.2. The main groups of species and subspecies were distinguishable based on shared variation, and the separation of sea beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) into a Mediterranean and an Atlantic subgroup as suggested by previous studies could be confirmed. Complementary approaches of variant-based clustering were employed based on PCA, genotype likelihoods, tree calculations, and admixture analysis. Outliers suggested the occurrence of inter(sub)specific hybridisation, independently confirmed by different analyses. Screens for regions under artificial selection in the sugar beet genome identified 15 Mbp of the genome as variation-poor, enriched for genes involved in shoot system development, stress response, and carbohydrate metabolism. The resources presented herein will be valuable for crop improvement and wild species monitoring and conservation efforts, and for studies on beet genealogy, population structure and population dynamics. Our study provides a wealth of data for in-depth analyses of further aspects of the beet genome towards a thorough understanding of the biology of this important complex of a crop species and its wild relatives.
A novel framework for the evaluation of coastal protection schemes through integration of numerical modelling and artificial intelligence into the Sand Engine App
Authors: Kumar Pavitra , Leonardi Nicoletta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is growing interest in the adoption of Engineering with Nature or Nature Based Solutions for coastal protection including large mega-nourishment interventions. However, there are still many unknowns on the variables and design features influencing their functionalities. There are also challenges in the optimization of coastal modelling outputs or information usage in support of decision-making. In this study, more than five hundred numerical simulations with different sandengine designs and different locations along Morecambe Bay (UK) were conducted in Delft3D. Twelve Artificial Neural Networking ensemble models structures were trained on the simulated data to predict the influence of different sand engines on water depth, wave height and sediment transports with good performance. The ensemble models were then packed into a Sand Engine App developed in MATLAB and designed to calculate the impact of different sand engine features on the above variables based on users’ inputs of sandengine designs.
Optical trapping of sub-millimeter sized particles and microorganisms
Authors: Lialys Laurynas , Lialys Justinas , Salandrino Alessandro , Ackley Brian D. , Fardad Shima 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile optical tweezers (OT) are mostly used for confining smaller size particles, the counter-propagating (CP) dual-beam traps have been a versatile method for confining both small and larger size particles including biological specimen. However, CP traps are complex sensitive systems, requiring tedious alignment to achieve perfect symmetry with rather low trapping stiffness values compared to OT. Moreover, due to their relatively weak forces, CP traps are limited in the size of particles they can confine which is about 100 μm. In this paper, a new class of counter-propagating optical tweezers with a broken symmetry is discussed and experimentally demonstrated to trap and manipulate larger than 100 μm particles inside liquid media. Our technique exploits a single Gaussian beam folding back on itself in an asymmetrical fashion forming a CP trap capable of confining small and significantly larger particles (up to 250 μm in diameter) based on optical forces only. Such optical trapping of large-size specimen to the best of our knowledge has not been demonstrated before. The broken symmetry of the trap combined with the retro-reflection of the beam has not only significantly simplified the alignment of the system, but also made it robust to slight misalignments and enhances the trapping stiffness as shown later. Moreover, our proposed trapping method is quite versatile as it allows for trapping and translating of a wide variety of particle sizes and shapes, ranging from one micron up to a few hundred of microns including microorganisms, using very low laser powers and numerical aperture optics. This in turn, permits the integration of a wide range of spectroscopy techniques for imaging and studying the optically trapped specimen. As an example, we will demonstrate how this novel technique enables simultaneous 3D trapping and light-sheet microscopy ofC. elegansworms with up to 450 µm length.
Development and verification of a combined diagnostic model for primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Qi , Wu Li , Gao Qi-Chao , Tang Shan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease mostly affecting the exocrine glands. This debilitating condition is complex and specific treatments remain unavailable. There is a need for the development of novel diagnostic models for early screening. Four gene profiling datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The ‘limma’ software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A random forest-supervised classification algorithm was used to screen disease-specific genes, and three machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM), were used to build a pSS diagnostic model. The performance of the model was measured using its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Immune cell infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. A total of 96 DEGs were identified. By utilizing a RF classifier, a set of 14 signature genes that are pivotal in transcription regulation and disease progression in pSS were identified. Through the utilization of training and testing datasets, diagnostic models for pSS were successfully designed using ANN, RF, and SVM, resulting in AUCs of 0.972, 1.00, and 0.9742, respectively. The validation set yielded AUCs of 0.766, 0.8321, and 0.8223. It was the RF model that produced the best prediction performance out of the three models tested. As a result, an early predictive model for pSS was successfully developed with high diagnostic performance, providing a valuable resource for the screening and early diagnosis of pSS.
Outdoor activities foster local plant knowledge in Karelia, NE Europe
Authors: Mattalia G. , Svanberg I. , Ståhlberg S. , Kuznetsova N. , Prūse B. , Kolosova V. , Aziz M. A. , Kalle R. , Sõukand R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWild edible plants, particularly berries, are relevant nutritional elements in the Nordic countries. In contrast to decreasing global trends, approximately 60% of the Finnish population is actively involved in (berry) foraging. We conducted 67 interviews with Finns and Karelians living in Finnish Karelia to: (a) detect the use of wild edible plants, (b) compare those results with the published data about neighbouring Russian Karelians, and (c) document the sources of local plant knowledge. The results revealed three main findings. First, we observed a similarity in wild food plant knowledge among Karelians and Finns from Karelia. Second, we detected divergences in wild food plant knowledge among Karelians living on both sides of the Finnish–Russian border. Third, the sources of local plant knowledge include vertical transmission, acquisition through literary sources, acquisition from “green” nature shops promoting healthy lifestyles, childhood foraging activities performed during the famine period following WWII, and outdoor recreational activities. We argue that the last two types of activities in particular may have influenced knowledge and connectedness with the surrounding environment and its resources at a stage of life that is crucial for shaping adult environmental behaviours. Future research should address the role of outdoor activities in maintaining (and possibly enhancing) local ecological knowledge in the Nordic countries.
Alternating behavior in furan-acetylene macrocycles reveals the size-dependency of Hückel’s rule in neutral molecules
Authors: Rahav Yuval , Rajagopal Shinaj K. , Dishi Or , Bogoslavsky Benny , Gidron Ori 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAromaticity can be assigned by Hückel’s rule, which predicts that planar rings with delocalized (4n + 2) π-electrons are aromatic, whereas those with 4n π-electrons are antiaromatic. However, for neutral rings, the maximal value of “n” to which Hückel’s rule applies remains unknown. Large macrocycles exhibiting global ring current can serve as models for addressing this question, but the global ring current are often overshadowed in these molecules by the local ring current of the constituent units. Here, we present a series of furan-acetylene macrocycles, ranging from the pentamer to octamer, whose neutral states display alternating contributions from global aromatic and antiaromatic ring currents. We find that the odd-membered macrocycles display global aromatic characteristics, whereas the even-membered macrocycles display contributions from globally antiaromatic ring current. These factors are expressed electronically (oxidation potentials), optically (emission spectra), and magnetically (chemical shifts), and DFT calculations predict global ring current alternations up to 54 π-electrons.
Extreme stratospheric wave activity as harbingers of cold events over North America
Authors: Ding Xiuyuan , Chen Gang , Zhang Pengfei , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Orbe Clara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtreme cold events over North America such as the February 2021 cold wave have been suggested to be linked to stratospheric polar vortex stretching. However, it is not resolved how robustly and on which timescales the stratosphere contributes to the surface anomalies. Here we introduce a simple measure of stratospheric wave activity for reanalyses and model outputs. In contrast to the well-known surface influences of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) that increase the intraseasonal persistence of weather regimes, we show that extreme stratospheric wave events are accompanied by intraseasonal fluctuations between warm and cold spells over North America in observations and climate models. Particularly, strong stratospheric wave events are followed by an increased risk of cold extremes over North America 5–25 days later. Idealized simulations in an atmospheric model with a well-resolved stratosphere corroborate that strong stratospheric wave activity precedes North American cold spells through vertical wave coupling. These findings potentially benefit the predictability of high-impact winter cold extremes over North America.
Future trends in incidence and long-term survival of metastatic cancer in the United States
Authors: Hudock Nicholas L. , Mani Kyle , Khunsriraksakul Chachrit , Walter Vonn , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Wang Ming , Lehrer Eric J. , Hudock Maria R. , Liu Dajiang J. , Spratt Daniel E. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Previous studies have demonstrated epidemiological trends in individual metastatic cancer subtypes; however, research forecasting long-term incidence trends and projected survivorship of metastatic cancers is lacking. We assess the burden of metastatic cancer to 2040 by (1) characterizing past, current, and forecasted incidence trends, and (2) estimating odds of long-term (5-year) survivorship.

Methods
This retrospective, serial cross-sectional, population-based study used registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 9) database. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to describe cancer incidence trends from 1988 to 2018. Autoregressive integrating moving average (ARIMA) models were used to forecast the distribution of primary metastatic cancer and metastatic cancer to specific sites from 2019 to 2040 and JoinPoint models were fitted to estimate mean projected annual percentage change (APC).

Results
The average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence of metastatic cancer decreased by 0.80 per 100,000 individuals (1988–2018) and we forecast an APC decrease by 0.70 per 100,000 individuals (2018–2040). Analyses predict a decrease in metastases to liver (APC = −3.40, 95% CI [−3.50, −3.30]), lung (APC (2019–2030) = −1.90, 95% CI [−2.90, −1.00]); (2030–2040) = −3.70, 95% CI [−4.60, −2.80]), bone (APC = −4.00, 95% CI [−4.30, −3.70]), and brain (APC = −2.30, 95% CI [−2.60, −2.00]). By 2040, patients with metastatic cancer are predicted to have 46.7% greater odds of long-term survivorship, driven by increasing plurality of patients with more indolent forms of metastatic disease.

Conclusions
By 2040, the distribution of metastatic cancer patients is predicted to shift in predominance from invariably fatal to indolent cancers subtypes. Continued research on metastatic cancers is important to guide health policy and clinical intervention efforts, and direct allocations of healthcare resources.
A multiple sensitive attributes data publishing method with guaranteed information utility
Authors: Zhu Haibin , Yi Tong , Shang Songtao , Shi Minyong , Li Zhucheng , Shang Wenqian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractData publishing methods can provide available information for analysis while preserving privacy. The multiple sensitive attributes data publishing, which preserves the relationship between sensitive attributes, may keep many records from being grouped and bring in a high record suppression ratio. Another category of multiple sensitive attributes data publishing, which reduces the possibility of record suppression by breaking the relationship between sensitive attributes, cannot provide the sensitive attributes association for analysis. Hence, the existing multiple sensitive attributes data publishing fails to fully account for the comprehensive information utility. To acquire a guaranteed information utility, this article defines comprehensive information loss that considers both the suppression of records and the relationship between sensitive attributes. A heuristic method is leveraged to discover the optimal anonymity scheme that has the lowest comprehensive information loss. The experimental results verify the practice of the proposed data publishing method with multiple sensitive attributes. The proposed method can guarantee information utility when compared with previous ones.
Ranging and multipath‐enhanced device‐free localisation with densely‐meshed ultra‐wideband devices
Authors: Gentner Christian , Schmidhammer Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDevice‐free localisation (DFL) is a prominent example of radio sensing and radio frequency (RF)‐based passive localisation. RF‐based passive localisation approaches determine the position of a non‐cooperative user based on the user's impact on radio propagation. In this regard, DFL systems measure user‐induced changes in the properties of the received RF signals. With multipath‐enhanced device‐free localisation (MDFL), a novel passive localisation approach which is taking the advantage of user‐induced fading in the multipath signals, that is, reflected and scattered signals is introduced. In this work, the authors realise an MDFL system using low‐cost ultra‐wideband (UWB) devices. Specifically, the Qorvo (DecaWave) DW1000 module is used, for which how to access the channel impulse response is described in detail. Additionally, an overview of the required signal processing for MDFL is provided and a possible sequential Bayesian approach is introduced. Moreover, an efficient ranging scheme based on time‐division multiple access (TDMA) and message broadcasting is outlined, which allows the deployment of a large number of interconnected UWB devices. Using an exemplary network of interconnected UWB devices, the localisation performance of both DFL and MDFL for an indoor scenario is evaluated. Thereby, MDFL is shown to clearly outperform DFL in terms of robustness and accuracy. Furthermore, a TDMA‐based ranging scheme for active localisation is used, that is, for localising an UWB device carried by the user, allowing for a direct comparison between active and passive localisation. Achieving a sub‐decimetre accuracy, the active localisation outperforms both DFL and MDFL, and thus, shows the possibility of using an active localisation device to initialize MDFL.
Extreme ion acceleration at extragalactic jet termination shocks
Authors: Cerutti Benoît , Giacinti Gwenael 
Published: May 2023

Context. Extragalactic plasma jets are some of the few astrophysical environments able to confine ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, but whether they are capable of accelerating these particles is unknown.
Aims. In this work, we revisit particle acceleration at relativistic magnetized shocks beyond the local uniform field approximation by considering the global transverse structure of the jet.
Methods. Using large two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of a relativistic electron-ion plasma jet, we show that the termination shock forming at the interface with the ambient medium accelerates particles up to the confinement limit.
Results. The radial structure of the jet magnetic field leads to a relativistic velocity shear that excites a von Kármán vortex street in the downstream medium trailing behind an over-pressured bubble filled with cosmic rays. Particles are efficiently accelerated at each crossing of the shear flow boundary layers.
Conclusions. These findings support the idea that extragalactic plasma jets may be capable of producing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. This extreme particle acceleration mechanism may also apply to microquasar jets.
Justification and being in a position to know: reply to Waxman
Authors: Rosenkranz Sven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Daniel Waxman (2022a) argues that the thesis, recently advanced in Rosenkranz 2021, that one has propositional justification for φ, if and only if one is in no position to rule out that one is in a position to know φ, has clear counterexamples. However, Waxman makes controversial assumptions about the notion of being in a position to knowthat I should and coherently can reject. On the alternative construal of the notion open to me, Waxman’s strategy to produce counterexamples founders. However, this line of response has repercussions for two further theses I defend, viz.that propositional justification and its absence each are luminous. It is shown what more needs to be argued in order to avert a corresponding threat to the latter.
IndepthPathway: an integrated tool for in-depth pathway enrichment analysis based on single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Deng Letian , Wang Yue , Wang Kai , Sartor Maureen A , Wang Xiao-Song 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell sequencing enables exploring the pathways and processes of cells, and cell populations. However, there is a paucity of pathway enrichment methods designed to tolerate the high noise and low gene coverage of this technology. When gene expression data are noisy and signals are sparse, testing pathway enrichment based on the genes expression may not yield statistically significant results, which is particularly problematic when detecting the pathways enriched in less abundant cells that are vulnerable to disturbances.

Results
In this project, we developed a Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis specialized for pathway enrichment analysis from single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq). Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis took a broader approach for assessing the functional relations of pathway gene sets to differentially expressed genes, and leverage the cumulative signature of molecular concepts characteristic of the highly differentially expressed genes, which we termed as the universal concept signature, to tolerate the high noise and low coverage of this technology. We then incorporated Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis into an R package called “IndepthPathway” for biologists to broadly leverage this method for pathway analysis based on bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Through simulating technical variability and dropouts in gene expression characteristic of scRNA-seq as well as benchmarking on a real dataset of matched single-cell and bulk RNAseq data, we demonstrate that IndepthPathway presents outstanding stability and depth in pathway enrichment results under stochasticity of the data, thus will substantially improve the scientific rigor of the pathway analysis for single-cell sequencing data.

Availability and implementation
The IndepthPathway R package is available through: https://github.com/wangxlab/IndepthPathway.
Intensity and Variable Attention: Counter Narrating ADHD, from ADHD Deficits to ADHD Difference
Authors: Bertilsdotter Rosqvist Hanna , Hultman Lill , Österborg Wiklund Sofia , Nygren Anna , Storm Palle , Sandberg Greta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Literature on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has historically come from a cognitive deficit approach and lacked community authorship. In contrast, this article utilises a neurodiversity framework to explore ADHD as a cognitive difference through ADHDers’ experiences. Specifically, here we analyse collective autoethnographic writings from neurodivergent academic researchers writing to one other about their experiences of intensity and variable attention or interest-based attention. Through the process of collective writing, we started to rename and restory our experiences, which has enabled us to understand intensity and variable attention as a valuable facet of human diversity, with both strengths and challenges. This project offers an example of how community-based research can elucidate individual experiences as ADHD/AuDHD researchers, facilitate exploration of varied experiences with intensity and attention and increase self-awareness and ability to give and receive neuroaffirmative support.