bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease in faeces removal and soil bioturbation by dung beetles in genetically modified maize plantations in southern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Fernando , Lovato Paulo Emilio , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEcosystem functions are the product of the interaction between living and non‐living components, providing goods and services that satisfy the needs of humans and other organisms, directly or indirectly. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) contribute to soil improvement through their feeding and reproductive behaviour by removing and burying faeces and thus participating in processes associated with nutrient cycling. Our aim was to investigate the structure of the community of beetles, biomass, and the ecosystem functions performed by them in maize plantations on five farms with GM maize, five with unmodified hybrids, and five with landrace (traditional) maize. We measured faecal removal, soil bioturbation, richness, abundance, and biomass of the dung beetle community. Arenas to quantify functions were installed to measure faeces' burial and the soil turned over by dung beetles. After measuring the functions, beetles were sampled with baited pitfall traps installed at the same sampling points. Ground cover was measured at all sites. Further, nesting houses were installed on each field to check for nesting inside the plantations. We recorded a total of 198 dung beetles belonging to 18 species. The lowest abundance occurred in GM maize plantations, and the highest abundance was found in conventional maize plantations. Dung beetle nesting activity was higher in landrace maize crops. Faeces removal and soil bioturbation had lower values in GM maize fields, mainly due to a decrease in large paracoprids (tunnelers), which are responsible for most ecosystem functions.
High risk of infection in ‘real‐world’ patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for mature B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: Tey Amanda , Schwarer James , Raffa Robert , Shi Emily , Paul Eldho , Opat Stephen , Dendle Claire , Shortt Jake 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe infection risk in patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or B‐cell lymphoma treated outside of clinical trials is incompletely defined. We sought to identify the severe infection rate and associated risk factors in a ‘real‐world’ cohort.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with CLL or lymphoma treated with ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax.ResultsOf 67 patients identified (ibrutinib n = 53, idelalisib n = 8 and venetoclax n = 6), 32 (48%) experienced severe infection. Severe infection occurred at a rate of 65 infections per 100 person‐years, with a median of 17.8 months of therapy. Median time to first infection (IQR) was 5.4 months (1.4–15.9). Poor baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score associated with increased risk of severe infection [hazard ratios (95% CI) 1.57 (1.07–2.31, p = .018) and 1.3 (1.05–1.62, p = .016) respectively].ConclusionThe severe infection rate for patients receiving ibrutinib, idelalisib or venetoclax for lymphoma and CLL exceeded those reported in clinical trials. Patients with poor ECOG or high CCI should be closely monitored for early signs of infection and prevention strategies actively pursued. Further prospective research is required to define optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis recommendations.
Age‐related behavioural and striatal dysfunctions in Shank3ΔC/ΔC mouse model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thabault Mathieu , Turpin Valentine , Balado Éric , Fernandes‐Gomes Cloé , Huot Anne‐Lise , Cantereau Anne , Fernagut Pierre‐Olivier , Jaber Mohamed , Galvan Laurie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are defined as a set of neurodevelopmental disorders and a lifelong condition. In mice, most of the studies focused on the developmental aspects of these diseases. In this paper, we examined the evolution of motor stereotypies through adulthood in the Shank3ΔC/ΔC mouse model of ASD, and their underlying striatal alterations, at 10 weeks, 20 weeks, and 40 weeks. We highlighted that motor stereotypies worsened at 40 weeks possibly carried by earlier striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) alterations in GABAergic transmission and morphology. Moreover, we report that 20 weeks could be a critical time‐point in the striatal‐related ASD physiopathology, and we suggest that MSN alterations may not be the direct consequence of developmental issues, but rather be a consequence of other impairments occurring earlier.
A core outcome set for childhood epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet therapy (CORE‐KDT study): International parent and health professional consensus
Authors: Carroll Jennifer H. , Cross J. Helen , Hickson Mary , Williams Emma , Aldridge Val , Collinson Avril 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveKetogenic diet therapy (KDT) can result in benefits (seizure‐related and non‐seizure‐related) for children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, clinical trials report a wide range of outcomes, making synthesis of evidence difficult, and do not adequately reflect parent views on important outcomes for their child. To address this, we established the first international parent, health professional, and researcher consensus to develop a core outcome set, guided by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative (COMET registration #1116).MethodsEthical approval was granted (London–Surrey REC19/LO/1680). A scoping review and interviews with parents identified a comprehensive list of potentially important outcomes, followed by a two‐round online Delphi survey of parents and health professionals to prioritize outcomes of importance for inclusion in a core outcome set. This informed a stakeholder consensus meeting and consultation process to finalize the core outcome set.ResultsIn total, 97 outcomes were identified; 90 from the scoping review and seven from parent interviews. These were rationalized to 77 by the study advisory group, then rated in the first Delphi round by 49 parents and 96 health professionals, who suggested 12 new outcomes for rating in Round 2. Sixty‐six percent of participants (30 parents and 66 professionals) completed Round 2, where 22 outcomes met criteria for inclusion. In the consensus meeting (nine parents and 13 professionals), 27 undecided outcomes were discussed and scored; one further outcome reached consensus for inclusion. After consultation and ratification, 14 outcomes across five domains were included in the core outcome set.SignificanceA core outcome set for childhood epilepsy treated with KDT has been developed, incorporating the views of international parents and professionals. Implementation in research and clinical settings will standardize outcome selection and reporting, facilitate data synthesis, and ultimately enhance the relevance of outcomes to parents, researchers, and health professionals.
Residency differences between fathers with and without disabilities in the United States
Authors: Namkung Eun Ha , Mitra Monika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the residential status of fathers by disability status. We also explore whether paternal residency varies by different types of disability.BackgroundEarlier studies have found that racial and ethnic minority fathers and those of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to live apart from their children. However, the residency status of fathers with disabilities is not well understood.MethodsWe used data from the 2011–2019 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 6,477). Multinomial regression models estimated the odds ratios of paternal residency by disability status and type of disability, net of covariates.ResultsDisabled fathers were more likely to live apart from at least some of their children than nondisabled fathers, but the disparities were significant only for those with multiple disabilities (two or more types of disabilities) after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. The higher likelihood of living apart from their children was particularly evident for fathers with cognitive and independent living disabilities.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of providing social and community supports and economic resources for the residential status of disabled fathers. Further research is needed to better understand the unobserved, underlying risk factors of their nonresidential status.ImplicationsThe findings highlight the importance of including disabled fathers in fatherhood programs.
Role of angiotensin receptor blockers in the context of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kuber Binal , Fadnavis Mitisha , Chatterjee Bappaditya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs the world's population ages, the prevalence of age‐related neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing. There is currently no treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and the few approved medications have a low success rate in lowering symptoms. As a result, several attempts are underway worldwide to identify new targets for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. In preclinical studies of Alzheimer's disease, it was recently found that inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and blocking of the angiotensin II receptors reduce symptoms of neurodegeneration, Aβ plaque development, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Angiotensin II type I (AT1) blockers, such as telmisartan, candesartan, valsartan, and others, have a wide safety margin and are commonly used to treat hypertension. Renal and cardiovascular failures are reduced due to their vascular protective actions. Inhibition of AT1 receptors in the brain has a neuroprotective impact in humans, reducing the risk of stroke, increasing cognition, and slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The review focuses on the mechanisms via which AT1 blockers may act beneficially in Alzheimer's disease. Although their effect is evident in preclinical studies, clinical trials, on the other hand, are in short supply to validate the strategy. More dose–response experiments with possible AT1 blockers and brain‐targeted administration will be needed in the future.
Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes
Authors: Zuccarini Paolo , Sardans Jordi , Asensio Loles , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoil enzymes are crucial in mediating ecosystems' responses to environmental drivers, so that the comprehension of their sensitivity to drivers of global change can help make predictions of future scenarios and design tailored interventions of biomanipulation. Drivers of global change usually act in combination of two or more, and indirect effects of one driver acting through modification of another one often occur, yet most of both manipulative and meta‐analysis studies available tend to focus on the direct effect of one single driver on the activity of specific soil enzymes. One of the biggest challenges is, therefore, represented by the difficulty in assessing the interactions between different drivers, due to the complexity of disentangling the single direct effects from the indirect and combined ones. In this review, after elucidating the general mechanisms of soil enzyme production and activity regulation, we display the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on direct, indirect and combined effects of the main drivers of global change on soil enzyme activities, identify gaps in knowledge and challenges from research, plus we analyse how this can reverberate in the future of biomanipulation techniques for the improvement of ecosystem services. We conclude that qualitative but not quantitative outcomes can be predicted for some interactions such as warming + drought or warming + CO2, while for other ones, the results are controversial: future basic research will have to center on this holistic approach. A general trend toward the overall increase of soil enzyme activities and acceleration of biogeochemical cycles will persist, until an inflection will be caused by factors such as future shifts in microbial communities and changes in carbon use efficiency. Applied research will develop toward the refinement of “in situ” analytical systems for the study of soil enzyme activities and the support of bioengineering for the better tailoring of interventions of biomanipulation.
Higher density swards have a higher load bearing capacity
Authors: Janssen Pedro W. L. , Hoekstra Nyncke J. , van Eekeren Nick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing the water table is an important pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from peaty soils. In order to continue utilizing grasslands on these soils, methods to increase load bearing capacity at a higher water table are sought. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of sward density on load bearing capacity, measured as both penetration resistance and the newly developed method measuring load bearing capacity through impact depth. Simultaneously, a new method to measure load bearing capacity through impact depth was developed. The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 on 14 different farms in the western peat meadow district in the Netherlands, where the sward density measured with the point quadrat method ranged from 24% to 92%. Swards with a higher sward density showed a higher load bearing capacity than swards with a lower density. In a modelling approach an increase from 30% sward density to 90% sward density could result in a lengthening of the grazing season between three (11%) and six weeks (22%), depending on the soil moisture conditions. Load bearing capacity was also highly correlated with gravimetric soil moisture content as wetter conditions lowered load bearing capacity. In order to capture load bearing capacity more accurately a new measurement device was constructed which represents treading cattle. Both output (impact depth) and method (resembles cow hoof) are close to practice, which makes it a very suitable method allowing for easy interpretation by farmers.
Pain interferes with daily activities, emotions and sleep in adults with severe, moderate and mild haemophilia: A national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Chantrain Valérie‐Anne , Lambert Catherine , De Smet Patrick , Lobet Sébastien , Foubert Anthe , Meeus Mira , Hermans Cedric , Roussel Nathalie Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPain is a major issue in people with haemophilia (PwH). Few studies comprehensively assessed pain in PwH using a biopsychosocial framework and studies in mild PwH are lacking.AimTo assess pain prevalence, pain interference and their relationship with health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in male adults with haemophilia.MethodsA survey was initiated by the Belgian national member organisation. Pain in the last 24 h, pain severity (BPI‐PS) and pain interference (BPI‐PI) scores were obtained with the Brief Pain Inventory short‐form (BPI). HR‐QoL was evaluated with the EQ‐5D‐3L, giving the health utility index (EQ‐HUI). Associations between EQ‐HUI, BPI‐PS and BPI‐PI were analysed using Pearson's correlation test. A multiple regression analysed the relationship between HR‐QoL and BPI‐PS, with age and haemophilia severity as confounding factors.ResultsWithin 185 respondents (97, 31 and 57 respectively severe, moderate and mild PwH), 67% (118/177) reported pain. In severe, moderate and mild PwH, respectively 86% (79/92), 71% (22/31) and 32% (17/54) reported pain. Median [IQR] BPI‐PS, BPI‐PI and EQ‐HUI scores were respectively 1.5 [.0; 4.0], 1.6 [.0; 3.6] and .81 [.69; 1.00]. PwH reported pain interference with general activity (56% (99/176)), psychosocial factors such as mood (53% (93/175)), and sleep (51% (90/177)). Moderate correlations were found between EQ‐HUI, BPI‐PS and BPI‐PI. After adjusting for age and haemophilia severity, BPI‐PS explained 14% of HR‐QoL variance.ConclusionsPain is a major issue amongst PwH, including people with mild haemophilia. Pain interferes with activities, emotions, sleep and HR‐QoL, arguing for a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach of pain.
Safety of hydrogel spacers for rectal wall protection in patients with prostate cancer: A retrospective analysis of 200 consecutive cases
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisashi , Kato Takahiro , Ishikawa Yojiro , Takemasa Kimihiro , Narita Yuki , Takagawa Yoshiaki , Seto Ichiro , Machida Masanori , Dai Yuntao , Azami Yusuke , Tominaga Takuya , Takayama Kanako , Suzuki Motohisa , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Murakami Masao 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and complications of hydrogel spacer implantation.MethodsThis single‐center historical cohort study retrospectively analyzed cases of hydrogel spacer implantation between October 2018 and March 2022. The survey items were the rates of possible hydrogel injection implementation, the success rate of hydrogel implantation including asymmetry, higher position, rectal wall infiltration, subcapsular injection, and other adverse events, and width created by the spacer. To investigate the learning curve, 1, 2, and 3 points were assigned to adverse event grades G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Spacer effectiveness obstruction, such as asymmetry was assigned 3 points. A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to assess statistically significant differences.ResultsThe study included a total of 200 patients with a median (range) age of 70 (44–85) years. In 10 (5%) patients, hydrogel injection implementation was not possible. Of 190 patients who underwent hydrogel spacer placement, 168 (88%) received a satisfactory placement. The median (range) width of hydrogel spacers was 13.1 (4.4–18.7) mm. Spacer asymmetry, higher position, rectal wall infiltration, and prostate subcapsular infiltration occurred in 7 (3.7%), 5 (2.6%), 12 (6.3%), and 1 (0.5%) patients, respectively. G1 and G3 adverse events occurred in 13 (7%) and 4 (2%) patients, respectively. Practitioner #1 who performed the highest number of procedures had significantly (p = 0.04) lower total scores in group B.ConclusionSpacer implantation yielded favorable outcomes with a high percentage of appropriate spacer implantation, and few major complications.
Results from the second WHO external quality assessment for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus, 2019–2020
Authors: Williams Thomas , Jackson Sandra , Barr Ian , Bi Shabana , Bhiman Jinal , Ellis Joanna , von Gottberg Anne , Lindstrom Stephen , Peret Teresa , Rughooputh Sanjiv , Viegas Mariana , Hirve Siddhivinayak , Zambon Maria , Zhang Wenqing ,   WHO RSV Surveillance Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundExternal quality assessments (EQAs) for the molecular detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are necessary to ensure the standardisation of reliable results. The Phase II, 2019–2020 World Health Organization (WHO) RSV EQA included 28 laboratories in 26 countries. The EQA panel evaluated performance in the molecular detection and subtyping of RSV‐A and RSV‐B. This manuscript describes the preparation, distribution, and analysis of the 2019–2020 WHO RSV EQA.MethodsPanel isolates underwent whole genome sequencing and in silico primer matching. The final panel included nine contemporary, one historical virus and two negative controls. The EQA panel was manufactured and distributed by the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS). National laboratories used WHO reference assays developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an RSV subtyping assay developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (Australia), or other in‐house or commercial assays already in use at their laboratories.ResultsAn in silico analysis of isolates showed a good match to assay primer/probes. The panel was distributed to 28 laboratories. Isolates were correctly identified in 98% of samples for detection and 99.6% for subtyping.ConclusionsThe WHO RSV EQA 2019–2020 showed that laboratories performed at high standards. Updating the composition of RSV molecular EQAs with contemporary strains to ensure representation of circulating strains, and ensuring primer matching with EQA panel viruses, is advantageous in assessing diagnostic competencies of laboratories. Ongoing EQAs are recommended because of continued evolution of mismatches between current circulating strains and existing primer sets.
Investigating the transmission of baloxavir‐resistant influenza viruses from treated index patients to untreated household contacts in the BLOCKSTONE study
Authors: Harding Joanne , Bernasconi Corrado , Williams Sarah , Wildum Steffen , Kinoshita Masahiro , Uehara Takeki , Hurt Aeron C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a post‐hoc analysis of the phase 3 BLOCKSTONE study (JapicCTI‐184180), we investigated household transmission of baloxavir‐resistant (PA/I38X) influenza viruses. Using baloxavir resistance rates from prior clinical trials and the rate of influenza transmission observed in the study, the predicted number of PA/I38X transmission events was 4.8, assuming wild type and PA/I38X viruses were equally transmissible. However, no PA/I38X viruses were observed. These results suggest a low potential for baloxavir‐resistant influenza virus transmission from treated to untreated individuals, potentially due to reduced viral/transmission fitness for PA/I38X viruses and/or low viral titres at the time when resistant viruses arise.
Enforcing pragmatic future‐mindedness cures the innovator's bias
Authors: Reece Andrew , Eubanks Austin D. , Liebscher Alex , Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe innovator's bias is defined as the tendency for innovators to focus mainly on the positive potential impact of their inventions and to neglect, ignore, or downplay any potential negative impact. Such bias may help sustain the motivation needed for business success but may create problems by failing to acknowledge and prepare for problematic outcomes. We report three studies (total n = 1608) designed to demonstrate this bias—and to show how to overcome it (while ideally preserving the innovators' enthusiastic affection for their product). Three studies used hypothetical innovations, all with potential downsides. Feelings of ownership were manipulated by having some participants role‐play being marketing manager, including naming the product, devising advertising slogans, and identifying target demographics for potential purchasers. Owners then rated their product, while nonowner controls rated a different product. Study 1 (n = 495) demonstrated the innovator's bias by showing that owners rated the likely consequences of their product more favorably than nonowners did. Owners also displayed more enthusiastic zeal for their product. Study 2 (n = 553) tested interventions aimed at reducing the bias while preserving the zeal. Of six interventions, the most successful was having owners imagine the worst‐case scenario involving the most negative outcome that the invention could cause. Study 3 (n = 560) was a preregistered replication of the main findings from Study 2 (osf.io/ew9cq).