bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global deposition of potentially toxic metals via faecal material in seabird colonies
Authors: De La Peña-Lastra Saúl , Pérez-Alberti Augusto , Ferreira Tiago O. , Huerta-Díaz Miguel Ángel , Otero Xosé L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeabirds are known to play an important role in the geochemical cycling of macronutrients; however, their role in cycling elements of environmental interest has not been investigated. Guano is an important source of marine-derived nutrients and trace metals in seabird nesting areas, but most of the available information on this topic is derived from local studies. In the present study, we used a bioenergetic model to estimate the amounts of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) that are deposited via faecal material in seabird colonies worldwide. The findings showed that the seabirds excreted 39.3 Mg (Mg = metric ton or 1000 kg) of Cd, 35.7 Mg of Hg and 27.2 Mg of Pb annually. These amounts are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other fluxes considered in the geochemical cycling of these elements (e.g. sea-salt spray, cement production, soil loss to oceans). Most of the deposition occurs in circumpolar zones in both hemispheres and, interestingly, high proportions of the metals in the excrements occur in geochemically labile forms, which can be easily leached into coastal waters and assimilated by marine organisms.
Sexual dysfunction is more common among men who have high sperm DNA fragmentation or teratozoopermia
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Zhang XiaoYuan , Wang Qun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMen in couples that have experienced pregnancy loss have a higher risk of sexual dysfunction. Semen quality impairment is common in men of couples with pregnancy loss. The objective of this article is to evaluate the differences in the incidence of male sexual dysfunction in a cohort of pregnancy loss couples with different types of semen quality impairment. A cross-sectional analysis of 426 men who attended our outpatient clinic for couples’ pregnancy loss, those without genetic abnormalities were included in the final analysis covering June 2021 to October 2021. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to type of semen quality impairment: normozoospermia group (group normal; N = 161), high sperm DNA fragmentation group (group high-SDF; N = 87), isolated asthenozoospermia group (group iAstheno; N = 45), isolated teratozoopermia group (group iTerato; N = 44), and ≥ 2 abnormal sperm parameters group (group multiple; N = 89). All subjects underwent a complete physical inspection, including palpation of the male genitalia and semen analysis. Validated assessment tools for erectile dysfunction (the International Index of Erectile Function -IIEF-5) and anxiety (the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale- GAD-7) were also used. Men with high sperm DNA fragmentation and isolated teratozoopermia were associated with increased erectile dysfunction risk when compared with normozoospermic men, with an OR of 2.75 [1.49–5.09; p = 0.001] and 2.44 [1.22–5.31; p = 0.024], respectively. It is interesting to note that there was no difference in prevalence of erectile dysfunction between Group iAstheno and Group normal (20.0% vs. 18.0%; OR = 1.24 [0.52–2.97]; P = 0.625). More than half (50.6%) of the participants in Group high-SDF reported sexual intercourse less than once per week, much more than those in the normozoospermia group (23.2%, p < 0.05), followed by Group iTerato (44.4%) and Group multiple (46.1%). GAD-7 scores increased slightly but significantly among groups when compared with Group normal. Not surprisingly, GAD-7 scores remained higher in Group high-SDF. In males of pregnancy loss couples, men with high sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoopermia suffer from a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction. This phenomenon is not significant in men with isolated asthenozoospermia. Proper counseling and treatment of impaired semen quality are warranted.
Prostate cancer malignancy detection and localization from mpMRI using auto-deep learning as one step closer to clinical utilization
Authors: Zong Weiwei , Carver Eric , Zhu Simeng , Schaff Eric , Chapman Daniel , Lee Joon , Bagher-Ebadian Hassan , Movsas Benjamin , Wen Winston , Alafif Tarik , Zong Xiangyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutomatic diagnosis of malignant prostate cancer patients from mpMRI has been studied heavily in the past years. Model interpretation and domain drift have been the main road blocks for clinical utilization. As an extension from our previous work we trained on a public cohort with 201 patients and the cropped 2.5D slices of the prostate glands were used as the input, and the optimal model were searched in the model space using autoKeras. As an innovative move, peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG) were trained and tested separately, the PZ detector and CG detector were demonstrated effective in highlighting the most suspicious slices out of a sequence, hopefully to greatly ease the workload for the physicians.
Risk of dementia according to the smoking habit change after ischemic stroke: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Cheon Dae Young , Han Kyung do , Oh Mi Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Kim Chi-Hun , Kim Yerim , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Chulho , Lim Jae-Sung , Lee Minwoo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is a paucity of research regarding the association between the risk of incident dementia and changes in smoking habits in the acute ischemic stroke population. We aimed to investigate the effects of smoking habit change on the risk of incident dementia in an ischemic stroke population using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database. This nationwide population-based cohort study included 197,853 patients with ischemic stroke. The patients were divided into never smokers, former smokers, smoking quitters, sustained smokers, and new smokers, based on the 2-year change in smoking status between the two consecutive health examinations before and after the index stroke. The patients were followed up from the index date to 2018 to assess the development of dementia. Dementia was further categorized into Alzheimer’s, vascular, and other types of dementia according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between changes in smoking habits and the risk of dementia. After a median of 4.04 years of follow-up, 19,595 (9.9%) dementia cases were observed. Among them, 15,189 (7.7%) were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease dementia and 2719 (1.4%) were diagnosed with vascular dementia. After adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, alcohol intake habits, cigarette pack-year, regular physical activity, income, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease, new smokers, sustained smokers, and smoking quitters were significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia than never smokers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.395, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.254–1.552; aHR 1.324, 95% CI 1.236–1.418; and aHR 1.170, 95% CI 1.074–1.275, respectively). Similar trends were observed for both Alzheimer’s dementia and vascular dementia, but the association between new smokers and vascular dementia was not significant. The impact of smoking habit change was more prominent in the 40–65-year-old group. New and sustained smokers had a substantially higher risk of incident dementia after ischemic stroke than never smokers. Smoking quitters also had an elevated risk of incident dementia, but the detrimental effects were lower than those in new and sustained smokers.
Universal scaling of extinction time in stochastic evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Huang Ching-I , Chen Chun-Chung , Lin Hsiu-Hau 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvolutionary dynamics is well captured by the replicator equations when the population is infinite and well-mixed. However, the extinction dynamics is modified with finite and structured populations. Experiments on the non-transitive ecosystem containing three populations of bacteria found that the ecological stability sensitively depends on the spatial structure of the populations. Based on the Reference–Gamble–Birth algorithm, we use agent-based Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the extinction dynamics in the rock-paper-scissors ecosystem with finite and structured populations. On the fully-connected network, the extinction time in stable and unstable regimes falls into two universal functions when plotted with the rescaled variables. On the two dimensional grid, the spatial structure changes the transition boundary between stable and unstable regimes but doesn’t change its extinction trend. The finding of universal scaling in extinction dynamics is unexpected, and may provide a powerful method to classify different evolutionary dynamics into universal classes.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based joint optimization of computation offloading and resource allocation in F‐RAN
Authors: Jo Sonnam , Kim Ung , Kim Jaehyon , Jong Chol , Pak Changsop 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fog radio access network (F‐RAN) has been regarded as a promising wireless access network architecture in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond systems to satisfy the increasing requirements for low‐latency and high‐throughput services by providing fog computing. However, because the cloud computing centre and fog computing‐enabled access points (F‐APs) in the F‐RAN have different computation and communication capabilities, it is crucial to make an efficient computation offloading and resource allocation strategy that can fully exploit the potential of the F‐RAN system. In this paper, the authors investigate a decentralized low‐complexity deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based framework for joint computation task offloading and resource allocation in the F‐RAN, which supports assistive computing‐enabled tasks offloading between F‐APs. Considering the constraints of task latency, wireless transmission rate, transmission power, and computational resource capacity, the authors formulate the system processing efficiency maximization problem by jointly optimizing offloading mode selection, channel allocation, power control, and computation resource allocation in the F‐RAN. To solve this non‐linear and non‐convex problem, the authors propose a federated DRL‐based computation offloading and resource allocation algorithm to improve the task processing efficiency and ensure privacy in the system, which can significantly reduce the computing complexity and signalling overhead of the training process compared with the centralized learning‐based method. Specifically, each local F‐AP agent consists of dueling deep Q‐network (DDQN) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) networks to appropriately deal with discrete and continuous valuable action spaces, respectively. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed federated DRL algorithm can achieve significant performance improvements in terms of system processing efficiency and task latency compared with other benchmarks.
Resilience‐based output containment control of heterogeneous MAS against unbounded attacks
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Yi , Yang Yang , Zuo Shan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the resilience‐based output containment control problem of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems in the presence of simultaneous false data injection attacks on both sensors and actuators injected on both cyber and physical layers. In real‐world security problems, malicious adversaries could inject false data injection attacks on both sensors and actuators simultaneously, even with unbounded injections, to maximize their damage to the multi‐agent systems. To address such a problem, a distributed observer is first designed for each follower to estimate the actual system states against unbounded sensor attacks. A resilience‐based control framework is then proposed using state estimation and adaptive control techniques to compensate for the bounded actuator attack signals adaptively. Lyapunov stability analysis shows that uniformly ultimately bounded convergence is achieved despite the simultaneously injected unbounded sensor attacks and bounded actuator attacks on both cyber and physical layers. That is, each follower's output trajectory converges to a small neighbourhood around the convex hull spanned by the leaders' output trajectories. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results is verified by case studies using numerical simulations.
A day‐ahead bidding strategy for battery swapping and charging system participating in the regulation market
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Hou Sizu , Li Baikui , Yu Zhuoxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe battery swapping mode is a promising way for electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in power grid frequency regulation. However, the operation mechanism and the uncertainty management in the process still lack research. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposes a day‐ahead bidding strategy for the battery swapping and charging system (BSCS) providing regulation reserve capacity in the ancillary service market. Firstly, a new BSCS‐based regulation model is established. Then, an ambiguity set based on Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is used to manage the uncertainty of regulation signals and battery swapping demands. Furthermore, a boundary expectation approach is proposed to turn the problem into robust optimization. Finally, after using the extreme scenario method (ESM) to generate extreme scenarios, a duality‐free column‐and‐constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is employed to solve the problem. The case studies demonstrate that BSCS can provide economical and robust reserve capacity bidding plans in the day‐ahead market with the proposed strategy. At the same time, the BSCS‐based regulation service is simulated with the battery development trend in the future, and suggestions are given.
Simulation calculation of 3D electric field and natural flashover analysis of ice‐covered silicone rubber insulator
Authors: Dong Bingbing , Hu Yuyao , Yin Fanghui , Jiang Xingliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effects of uneven icing, number of icicles, inclination angle of icicle, ice pallets and arc ignition on the electric field are ignored for the two‐dimensional axisymmetric model of ice‐covered insulator. Therefore, a 3D simulation model was developed in this paper. The average electric field strength of air gap (Eav) and maximum field strength of icicle tip (Emax) were determined to characterize the influence of various factors on the electric field distortion degree. The results show that compared with the insulator without ice and with a dry ice, the supply voltage is almost entirely applied to all icicle air gaps for a wet ice‐covered insulator. Eav is independent of icicle diameter and icicle number but increases with the increment of icicle length and icicle inclination angle. Emax raises with the increase of icicle length, icicle number, icicle inclination angle and icicle diameter. As the source of electric field distortion, the ice pallets on the surface of the sheds rise the field strength of air gap. Based on the simulation analysis and natural icing test, the applied voltage is redistributed in the remaining air gaps when an arc occurs in the gap near the high‐voltage terminal, thereby causing the subsequent flashover.
Factors affecting voltage stability while integrating inverter based renewable energy sources into weak power grids
Authors: Saleem M. I. , Saha S. , Ang L. , Izhar U. , Roy T. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of renewable energy sources (RESs), the power grid all over the world is going through a paradigm shift. The inverter based RESs are replacing the conventional rotating synchronous generators and this trend is expected to continue in coming years. Consequently, the grid strength is decreasing, which can pose significant challenges on the grid stability, especially during integration of IRESs. This paper presents a thorough analysis on the integration challenges of IRESs in weak grids. The paper also presents a comprehensive investigation on the impacts of factors, such as available fault level at the point of interconnection (POI), feeder length and grid nature on the POI voltage, and maximum allowable power injection by IRES. This is followed by maximum allowable IRES power injection sensitivity analysis to quantify the impacts of the aforementioned factors. The paper concludes with a thorough case study on the IEEE 39‐bus test system to numerically show the impact of diminishing grid strength on the integration of IRESs.
Temperature and electric field distribution of tri‐post insulator in DC‐GIL based on numerical multiphysics modelling
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Wan Mingde , Wang Wen , Geng Zhenxin , Lin Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe temperature distribution of the tri‐post insulator in a ±500 kV direct current gas‐insulated transmission lines (DC‐GIL) is investigated. The influence of thermal gradient on the electric field characteristics is investigated as well. A horizontally installed GIL model is applied in the simulation. The thermal and electric parameters of the insulator are measured and employed. The temperature results indicate that the gas shows a layered distribution pattern while the insulator shows a radial distribution pattern. The temperature of the upper post is higher. With increasing ambient temperature, the surface temperature increases linearly following the variation of ambient temperature. With increasing load current, the temperature near the conductor shows an obvious increase. With increasing gas pressure, the temperature decreases due to the promotion of convection. Besides, the electric field strength of the insulator surface increases if the surface temperature increases during the variation of operating conditions. And the peak of field strength moves towards the enclosure. After 10 h, the temperature reaches a quasi‐stationary state. Since the thermal gradient affects the distribution of gas density and electric field strength of the insulator, the investigation of temperature characteristics is necessary when evaluating the insulating performance of DC‐GIL with insulators.
Provable image encryption scheme via trapdoor permutation
Authors: Li Dongmei , Liu Haikuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNowadays, due to the advancement in networks, it has become easy to share multimedia information such as images, voice, and videos in real‐time. In the process of multimedia storage and transmission, it is crucial to ensure the security and privacy of multimedia data. The attendant issue is how to encrypt images or videos safely and efficiently. Here, a provable security model of image encryption is presented. Then, a new public image encryption scheme based on one‐way trapdoor permutation, with security in the presence of honest adversaries, is proposed. Furthermore, random reusable technology is adopted to improve efficiency and shorten ciphertext. Finally, the simulation results show the validity of the encryption scheme.
DTFA: Adversarial attack with discrete cosine transform noise and target features on deep neural networks
Authors: Yang Dong , Chen Wei , Wei Songjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImage recognition on deep neural network is vulnerable to adversarial sample attacks. The adversarial attack accuracy is low when only limited queries on the target are allowed with the current black box environment. This paper proposes a target adversarial attack algorithm discrete cosine transform‐mean target feature attack (DTFA) based on the target features and a limited‐area sampling method. The algorithm first examines the original image and a target image to generate an initial adversarial example. Then the disturbance is sampled from the low‐frequency region intercepted by Gaussian noise after discrete cosine transform. The authors determine the size of the disturbance according to the difference between the adversarial example and the original image with consideration of the number of iterations and the position of the target feature region. The disturbance is applied on the initial adversarial example to generate the new adversarial example with the difference from the original image reduced. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, based on the common image classification model InceptionV3, and with identical queries accessing the same target model, the authors conduct experiments to compare the attack effectiveness of DTFA and the benchmark algorithms on the same image and target datasets. Experimental results show that the generated adversarial examples by the proposed algorithm are superior to 94% of those by the similar attack algorithms with less than 10,000 access queries on the target model.
A 100‐V trench power MOSFET with taper‐shielded gate and non‐uniform drift region doping profile
Authors: Deng Gaoqaing , Wang Jun , Tan Chen , Wu Yifan , Liang Shiwei , Ng Wai Tung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 100‐V Taper‐Shielded trench Gate (TSG) power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with superior figure‐of‐merit (FOM) is proposed and investigated in this paper. The gate of the proposed TSG‐MOSFET has a tapered shape to reduce the gate‐to‐drain overlap capacitance (CGD) and the gate charge (QG). The vertical drift region doping profile of the proposed TSG‐MOSFET is enhanced in two ways. First is to use a multi‐step epitaxial growth to produce a non‐uniform doping profile. Second is to place a lightly doped n‐region at the trench bottom. The bulk electric field in the blocking state can be more evenly distributed, allowing a shorter drift region and lower specific ON‐resistance (RON,sp). Both technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations and experiments were performed to evaluate the proposed device. The proposed device exhibits an improved RON,sp of 27 mΩ·mm2 with a breakdown voltage (BV) of 105 V. The third quadrant performance and the reverse recovery characteristics are also greatly improved. During reverse conduction, the amount of the excessive carriers stored in the drift region is reduced due to the shortened drift region and optimized drift region doping profile. The reverse recovery charge (Qrr) is decreased from 70 to 49 nC. When compared to its state‐of‐the‐art counterparts, the measured [RON × QG] FOM and the Qrr showed a reduction of 23% and 28%, respectively.
A modified controller scheme for frequency stability enhancement of hybrid two‐area power grid with renewable energy sources
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Khamies Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed H. , Domínguez‐García José Luis , Kamel Salah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a modified optimal control strategy for enhancing the frequency stability of a power grid. The considered grid includes different generation sources and renewable energy distributed in two interconnected areas. This strategy is based on applying a modified control configuration based on two‐degree of freedom for an improved tilt‐integral‐derivative controller entitled () for load frequency control (LFC). This study considers the effect of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and its effect on the frequency stability. The modified 2DOF‐T controller is based on utilizing the merits of the two degree of freedom (2‐DOF) structure, and applying the fractional order. Also, an improved gradient‐based optimizer (GBO) is proposed to optimally adjust the gains of the developed control technique. For robust design of the proposed control strategy, the system constraints are considered besides the high renewable power penetration. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in LFC has been confirmed by comparing its efficiency with other control strategies' efficiency in previous studies such as modified TID (ITnD), and FO‐PID () controllers. Furthermore, in cases of high renewable penetration, the AVR with LFC is superior to conventional LFC in terms of decreasing the value of fluctuations while maintaining voltage and frequency stability.