bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATING HUMAN MICROBIOME SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT, OUTCOME, AND TREATMENT RESPONSE IN GLIOMA AND BRAIN METASTASIS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Leigh J , Hutton B , Maleki Vareki S , Ng T L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The human microbiome is made up of over 500 species of bacteria in the body. Microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in cancer development and treatment response, including in both primary brain tumors and brain metastases, by acting through the gut-brain axis. We conducted a scoping review of the current evidence surrounding the human microbiome and brain tumors.
METHODS: A systematic search of relevant studies and abstracts from 5 electronic databases from 1946-2023 was conducted based on a search strategy developed by an information specialist. Eligible studies included human, in vivo, or in vitro studies that focused on the relationship between microbiome and glioma and brain metastasis development, response to therapies, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 383 citations, 31 studies met inclusion criteria, including 15 articles and 16 conference abstracts. There were 19 human studies and 18 mouse studies, of which 24 studies focused on glioma and 7 studies focused on brain metastases. They either characterized the microbiome in patients with brain tumors (n=19) or its correlation to systemic therapies for glioma (n=12). Changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which is a marker of dysbiosis in patients with brain tumors was observed in 7 studies; however, the direction of change varied. Microbiome dysbiosis seemed to occur in response to both immunotherapy (5 studies) and temozolomide (3 studies), with variable impacts on treatment response. CONCLUSION: Evidence surrounding the impact of the gut-brain axis on brain tumors remains in its infancy with a large amount of heterogeneity.
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF A VISUAL TELEREHABILITATION PROGRAM ON VISUAL PERCEPTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMIANOPIA CONSECUTIVE TO A BRAIN TUMOUR, PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Bajin Inci Yaman , Bartels Ute , Reginald Arun , Daibert-Nido Monica , Markowitz Samuel , Bouffet Eric , Reber Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Brain tumours (BT) in children often lead to visual impairment, which represents a significant morbidity for long-term survivors. A recent Children Cancer Survivor Study showed that 22.5% of patients with astroglial tumours had visual impairment 5 years after the diagnosis. In the pediatric population with hemianopia, there are no standardized protocols for managing vision loss. In this pilot study, a 6-week home-based visual telerehabilitation program (VTP) evaluated visual changes in 10 children with hemianopia consecutive to a BT.
METHOD: The study included 10 patients aged 8-18 years old with hemianopia consecutive to a pediatric BT. Five patients had a chiasmatic tumour (CT), other 5 had a tumour located outside of the chiasm (OCT). Patients followed a 6-week VTP on a virtual reality device at home with remote control of the device from the UHN laboratory. Visual assessments performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6 weeks with follow-ups at 1 and 6 months to check the visual field, contrast sensitivity and reading speed. A quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire was also filled by patients and parents at every visit. RESULTS: The preliminary results of 8 patients have been analyzed. Four patients (3 CT, 1 OCT) showed visual field improvement with increased luminance perception in the monocular Humphrey test. Four patients (2 CT, 2 OCT) showed visual field improvement in the binocular Esterman field analysis. Reading speed improved in 6 patients (3CT, 3OCT). All patients had significant improvement in contrast sensitivity and QoL. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results of this study showed that this VTP was feasible in children. The program was effective, especially for patients with CT in improving visual field with an impact on contrast sensitivity, reading speed and QoL. Further studies are in development to confirm these results and identify the most appropriate schedules to optimize visual outcomes.
POSTER CATEGORIES:
BS = BASIC SCIENCE
CS = CLINICAL SCIENCE
RO = RADIATION ONCOLOGY
MO = MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
M = MISCELLANEOUS
POSTER/TRAVEL AWARDS provided by:
BTFC = Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada
OHRI = Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
The Paradox Test in Climate Litigation
Authors: Parr Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The common law and natural law traditions have both sought authority in ‘reason’ and the ‘laws of nature’. Pollock applied this logic in explaining judicial development of negligence: the application of reason to emerging science and technology. The equivalent today is a growing body of scientific evidence that humans are destroying their own habitat through climate change, biodiversity destruction and pollution. Humanity depends on its habitat for survival and therefore each step in this direction increases the risk of its extinction. The courts are already being asked to declare as unlawful governmental decisions that breach human rights and statutory or constitutional protection of the environment. This perspective article proposes that when presented with scientific evidence of habitat destruction in judicial review cases, the courts could examine whether a decision is unlawful and/or irrational. This ‘Paradox Test’ would ask: (1) will the decision contribute to the destruction of the human habitat and (2) if so, is it justified on the ground of necessity? It is proposed that a decision that failed such a test would be unlawful and irrational as contrary to what is arguably the most fundamental law of nature: species survival. The essay defines the Paradox Test, sets it in an historical context and positions it as implicitly inside the boundaries of current English doctrine of judicial review, where it would need to be judicially recognized. Consequently, practitioners are invited to apply the test in court and to share their experience.
Host adaptation and specialization in Tetranychidae mites
Authors: Bruinsma Kristie , Rioja Cristina , Zhurov Vladimir , Santamaria Maria Estrella , Arbona Vicent , Navarro Marie , Cazaux Marc , Auger Philippe , Migeon Alain , Wybouw Nicky , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Diaz Isabel , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Grbic Miodrag , Navajas Maria , Grbic Vojislava 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Composite generalist herbivores are comprised of host-adapted populations that retain the ability to shift hosts. The degree and overlap of mechanisms used by host-adapted generalist and specialist herbivores to overcome the same host plant defenses are largely unknown. Tetranychidae mites are exceptionally suited to address the relationship between host adaptation and specialization in herbivores as this group harbors closely related species with remarkably different host ranges—an extreme generalist the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch [Tu]) and the Solanaceous specialist Tetranychus evansi (Te). Here, we used tomato-adapted two-spotted spider mite (Tu-A) and Te populations to compare mechanisms underlying their host adaptation and specialization. We show that both mites attenuate induced tomato defenses, including protease inhibitors (PIs) that target mite cathepsin L digestive proteases. While Te solely relies on transcriptional attenuation of PI induction, Tu and Tu-A have elevated constitutive activity of cathepsin L proteases, making them less susceptible to plant anti-digestive proteins. Tu-A and Te also rely on detoxification of tomato constitutive defenses. Te uses esterase and P450 activities, while Tu-A depends on the activity of all major detoxification enzymatic classes to disarm tomato defensive compounds to a lesser extent. Thus, even though both Tu-A and Te use similar mechanisms to counteract tomato defenses, Te can better cope with them. This finding is congruent with the ecological and evolutionary times required to establish mite adaptation and specialization states, respectively.
Ethnic inequities in the patterns of personalized care adjustments for ‘informed dissent’ and ‘patient unsuitable’: a retrospective study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Hayanga Brenda , Stafford Mai , Ashworth Mark , Hughes Jay , Bécares Laia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In England, general practitioners voluntarily take part in the Quality and Outcomes Framework, which is a program that seeks to improve care by rewarding good practice. They can make personalized care adjustments (PCAs), e.g. if patients choose not to have the treatment/intervention offered (‘informed dissent’) or because they are considered to be clinically ‘unsuitable’.

Methods
Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum), this study examined patterns of PCA reporting for ‘informed dissent’ and ‘patient unsuitable’, how they vary across ethnic groups and whether ethnic inequities were explained by sociodemographic factors or co-morbidities.

Results
The odds of having a PCA record for ‘informed dissent’ were lower for 7 of the 10 minoritized ethnic groups studied. Indian patients were less likely than white patients to have a PCA record for ‘patient unsuitable’. The higher likelihood of reporting for ‘patient unsuitable’ among people from Black Caribbean, Black Other, Pakistani and other ethnic groups was explained by co-morbidities and/or area-level deprivation.

Conclusions
The findings counter narratives that suggest that people from minoritized ethnic groups often refuse medical intervention/treatment. The findings also illustrate ethnic inequities in PCA reporting for ‘patient unsuitable’, which are linked to clinical and social complexity and should be tackled to improve health outcomes for all.
Presence of periodontal disease and the incidence of inflammatory arthritides in the general population: data from the UK Biobank
Authors: Yun Hae-Ryong , Koh Hee Byung , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Kang Shin-Wook , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Ahn Sung Soo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the association between periodontal disease and the development of inflammatory arthritides in the general population.

Methods
In total, 489 125 participants from the UK Biobank without a previous history of RA, AS and PsA were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of inflammatory arthritides, which was a composite of RA, AS and PsA according to the presence of periodontal disease based on self-reported oral health indicators. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses using four different models were performed to assess the association between periodontal disease and inflammatory arthritides development.

Results
In all, 86 905 and 402 220 individuals were categorized as with and without periodontal disease, respectively. Cox hazard analysis indicated that the presence of periodontal disease was an independent predictor of the occurrence of composite outcomes of inflammatory arthritides, which was also consistent for RA and AS. Significant associations were found to be consistent in the four Cox models and were replicated even when different criteria were used to define periodontal disease. Subgroup analyses indicated that periodontal disease was associated with an increased RA risk in those aged &lt;60 years, and this risk was persistent for both male and female patients and for patients with seropositive/seronegative RA.

Conclusion
Self-reported periodontal disease is associated with inflammatory arthritides incidence in participants included in the UK Biobank, particularly for RA and AS. Higher clinical attention and optimal dental care in patients with signs of periodontal disease may be recommended for early disease detection and for reducing this risk.
Lead exposure suppresses the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling to increase the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells via reducing the expression of CD70 on bone marrow-resident macrophages
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Wu Jiaojiao , Xu Hua , Li Qian , Zhang Yufan , Zhai Yue , Tang Mengke , Liu Yalin , Liu Ting , Ye Yao , He Miao , He Rui , Xu Yanyi , Zhou Zhou , Kan Haidong , Zhang Yubin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLead (Pb) is a heavy metal highly toxic to human health in the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Pb impact on the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice treated with 1250 ppm Pb via drinking water for 8 weeks had increased the quiescence of HSC in the bone marrow (BM), which was caused by the suppressed activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Mechanically, a synergistic action of Pb and IFNγ on BM-resident macrophages (BM-Mφ) reduced their surface expression of CD70, which thereby dampened the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling to suppress the proliferation of HSC in mice. In addition, a joint action of Pb and IFNγ also suppressed the expression of CD70 on human Mφ to impair the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling and reduce the proliferation of human HSC purified from umbilical cord blood of healthy donors. Moreover, correlation analyses showed that the blood Pb concentration was or tended to be positively associated with the quiescence of HSC, and was or tended to be negatively associated with the activation of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling in HSC in human subjects occupationally exposed to Pb. Collectively, these data indicate that an occupationally relevant level of Pb exposure suppresses the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling to increase the quiescence of HSC via reducing the expression of CD70 on BM-Mφ in both mice and humans.
1Affect Theory
Authors: Jones Rhys Steven 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews a range of scholarship working at the intersection of theories of digitality, affect, and labour published in 2022 under the following headings: 1. Introduction; 2. Work (Daniel Nehring and Kristina Brunila, Affective Capitalism in Academia: Revealing Public Secrets; Anna Deumert, ‘Wash Your Hands! Domestic Labor and the Affective Economy of Racial Capitalism’; Carlo Perrotta, Neil Selwyn, and Carrie Ewin, ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Affective Labour of Understanding: The Intimate Moderation of a Language Model’); 3. Play (Aleena Chia, ‘The Artist and the Automaton in Digital Game Production’; Stephanie Jennings, ‘Only You Can Save the World (of Videogames): Authoritarian Agencies in the Heroism of Videogame Design, Play, and Culture’; Paolo Ruffino, ‘There Is No Cure: Paratexts as Remediations of Agency in Red Dead Redemption 2’); 4. Queer Affects (Jacob Gaboury, ‘Queer Affects at the Origins of Computation’; Bo Ruberg, ‘After Agency: The Queer Posthumanism of Video Games That Cannot Be Played’; Charnell Peters, ‘Asexuality, Affect Aliens, and Digital Affect Cultures: Relationality with the Happy Objects of Sexual and Romantic Relationships’); 5. Conclusion.
Phylogenetic position, validity and diversity of the genus Milnesioides (Eutardigrada: Apochela)
Authors: Morek Witold , Wałach Karol , Lamond Emerson , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The order Apochela, the only exclusively carnivorous tardigrade lineage, comprises four genera, of which Milnesium contains multiple species and is common and cosmopolitan, whereas the remaining genera (Bergtrollus, Limmenius and Milnesioides) are monotypic, rare and have restricted geographical distributions. More importantly, although there are ample genetic data for numerous Milnesium species, no other apochelan genus has been sequenced so far, which limits our understanding of milnesiid evolution. In this contribution, we analysed two populations of Milnesioides from the south coast of Western Australia. The obtained molecular phylogenetic tree clearly indicated Milnesioides as a sister lineage to all remaining Milnesium species, supporting the validity of the genus. Moreover, the sister relationship of Milnesioides and Milnesium lends support to the Gondwanan origin of the order Apochela. Phenotypic differences between the type population of Milnesioides exsertum from New South Wales and the populations from Western Australia analysed in this study suggest that the latter represent a new species. The new data and morphological differences between populations reported in the original description of Milnesioides strongly suggest that the genus is not monotypic.
Clearance of Persistent Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus lugdunensis Bacteremia Using Nafcillin Plus Ertapenem Combination Therapy
Authors: Sharma Ishrya , Hodges Jacqueline , Moonah Shannon , Shirley Debbie-Ann 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that can cause serious infection similar to Staphylococcus aureus. Limited therapeutic options are available for patients with staphylococcal bacteremia who fail to respond to standard monotherapy, particularly when source control of infection is not feasible, driving the need for improved synergistic antibiotic combinations to enhance medical management. We present the case of a 58-year-old patient with persistent S. lugdunensis bacteremia for over 1 week despite appropriate therapy with nafcillin. Blood cultures were successfully sterilized following the addition of ertapenem salvage therapy, with rapid blood culture clearance within 2 days of initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using ertapenem in combination with an antistaphylococcal penicillin to specifically clear persistent S. lugdunensis bacteremia. Similar success has been reported using this combination to treat methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections; hence, our report provides further support for the benefit of this combination for staphylococcal infections.
Approach to the hospitalized patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Deshwal Himanshu , Sulica Roxana 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Hospitalization in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients is an important clinical worsening event significantly associated with subsequent mortality. Furthermore, irrespective of the cause of hospitalization, the overall outcome is closely related to the severity of the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension and RV failure is paramount in successfully managing PAH patients requiring hospitalization. This review highlights diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in various clinical scenarios that might be encountered during hospitalization of the World Health Organization group I PAH patient.

Recent findings
This article covers recent literature describing risk factors, predictors of outcome and state-of the art management approach to a hospitalized PAH patients with a special focus on management of RV failure and common complications in PAH requiring hospitalization.

Summary
The review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approach to a hospitalized PAH patient and highlight important implications in clinical practice and knowledge gaps for potential future research.
Delayed vs. Early Laparoscopic Appendectomy (DELAY) for Adult Patients with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Patel Sunil V. , Zhang Lisa , Mir Zuhaib M. , Lemke Madeline , Leeper William R. , Allen Laura J. , Walser Eric , Vogt Kelly 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess whether delaying appendectomy until the following morning is non-inferior to immediate surgery in those with acute appendicitis presenting at night.

Background:
Despite a lack of supporting evidence, those with acute appendicitis who present at night frequently have surgery delayed until the following morning.

Methods:
The delay trial is a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial conducted between 2018 – 22 at two tertiary care hospital in Canada. Adults with imaging confirmed acute appendicitis who presented at night (2000 – 0400). Delaying surgery until after 0600 was compared with immediate surgery. The primary outcome was 30 day post operative complications. An a prior non-inferiority margin of 15% was deemed clinically relevant.

Results:
127 of a planned 140 patients were enrolled in the DELAY trial (59 in the delayed group, 68 in the immediate group). The two groups were similar at baseline. The mean time between decision to operate and surgery was longer in the delayed group (11.0 hours vs. 4.4 hours, P<0.0001). The primary outcome occurred in 6/59 (10.2%) of those in the delayed group versus 15/67 (22.4%) of those in the immediate group (P=0.07). The difference between groups met the a priori non-inferiority criteria of +15% (risk difference -12.2%, 95%CI -24.4% to +0.4%, test of non-inferiority P<0.0001).

Conclusions and Relevance:
The DELAY study is the first trial to assess delaying appendectomy in those with acute appendicitis. We demonstrate non-inferiority of delaying surgery until the following morning.

Trail Registration:
This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03524573).
Affinity hierarchies and amphiphilic proteins underlie the co-assembly of nucleolar and heterochromatin condensates
Authors: Rajshekar Srivarsha , Adame-Arana Omar , Bajpai Gaurav , Colmenares Serafin , Lin Kyle , Safran Samuel , Karpen Gary H 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNucleoli are surrounded by Pericentromeric Heterochromatin (PCH), reflecting a close spatial association between the two largest biomolecular condensates in eukaryotic nuclei. Nucleoli are the sites of ribosome synthesis, while the repeat-rich PCH is essential for chromosome segregation, genome stability, and transcriptional silencing. How and why these two distinct condensates co-assemble is unclear. Here, using high-resolution live imaging ofDrosophilaembryogenesis, we find thatde novoestablishment of PCH around the nucleolus is highly dynamic, transitioning from the nuclear edge to surrounding the nucleolus. Eliminating the nucleolus by removing the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) resulted in increased PCH compaction and subsequent reorganization into a toroidal structure. In addition, in embryos lacking rDNA, some nucleolar proteins were redistributed into new bodies or ‘neocondensates’, including enrichment in the PCH toroidal hole. Combining these observations with physical modeling revealed that nucleolar-PCH associations can be mediated by a hierarchy of interaction strengths between PCH, nucleoli, and ‘amphiphilic’ protein(s) that have affinities for both nucleolar and PCH components. We validated this model by identifying a candidate amphiphile, a DEAD-Box RNA Helicase called Pitchoune, whose depletion or mutation of its PCH interaction motif disrupted PCH-nucleolar associations. Together, this study unveils a dynamic program for establishing nucleolar-PCH associations during animal development, demonstrates that nucleoli are required for normal PCH organization, and identifies Pitchoune as an amphiphilic molecular link required for PCH-nucleolar associations.