bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singlet oxygen‐induced alteration of bacteria associated with phytodetritus: Effect of irradiance
Authors: Burot Christopher , Bonin Patricia , Simon Gwénola , Casalot Laurie , Rontani Jean‐François 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContrasting irradiation of senescent cells of the diatom Thalassiosira sp. in association with the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri showed the effect of intensity of irradiance on the transfer of singlet oxygen (1O2) to bacteria attached to phytoplanktonic cells. Under low irradiances, 1O2 is produced slowly, favors the oxidation of algal unsaturated lipids (photodynamic effect), and limits 1O2 transfer to attached bacteria. However, high irradiances induce a rapid and intense production of 1O2, which diffuses out of the chloroplasts and easily reaches the attached bacteria, where it efficiently oxidizes their unsaturated membrane components. Analysis of numerous sinking particle samples collected in different regions of the Canadian Arctic showed that the photooxidation state of attached bacteria increased from ice‐covered areas to open water, in agreement with in vitro results. Photooxidation of bacteria appeared to be particularly intense in sea ice, where the sympagic algae–bacteria association is maintained at relatively high irradiances for long periods of time.
La Niña‐related coral death triggers biodiversity loss of associated communities in the Galápagos
Authors: Rhoades O. Kennedy , Brandt Margarita , Witman Jon D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring a cold La Niña period (August 2007–January 2008) in the central Galápagos archipelago, 70% of Pocillopora branching corals were severely bleached across three long‐term monitoring sites, affording an opportunity to examine its impact on the persistence of these corals and their associated community of fish and mobile macroinvertebrates. Using a time series empirical approach, we tagged and tracked the fate of 96 coral heads and their associates. When surveyed in July 2008, recovered live and dead corals that were previously severely bleached supported similar levels of species richness (randomized observed and estimated Chao 1). By contrast, richness on the surviving live corals remained fairly stable, while Chao 1 estimated richness on dead corals underwent a nearly 50% increase between July and January 2009, thereafter declining to 50% of originally surveyed richness by February 2010. This nonlinear change in species richness was largely due to an influx and decline in opportunistic generalists including pencil urchin bioeroders, gastropod snails, and hermit crabs that colonized dead corals and fed on sessile invertebrates and algae that had initially recruited to dead and undefended coral substrate. Thus, dead corals retained high overall species richness until live corals had recovered, after which richness declined as dead corals eroded and disintegrated (July 2011). Live corals attracted a less speciose but stable assemblage of mutualistic xanthid crabs and fishes that increased in abundance over time with the recovery and growth of live coral tissue. Overall, coral status (live/dead), planar area and maximum branch length predicted the number of species associated with each colony. The delayed diversity loss of associated species following La Niña disturbance to a foundation species represents a local extinction debt of 32–49‐month duration. A better understanding of the scale of extinction debt in foundational marine ecosystems is needed to quantify the breadth of impacts of climate oscillations on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Holocentric repeat landscapes: From micro‐evolutionary patterns to macro‐evolutionary associations with karyotype evolution
Authors: Cornet Camille , Mora Pablo , Augustijnen Hannah , Nguyen Petr , Escudero Marcial , Lucek Kay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRepetitive elements can cause large‐scale chromosomal rearrangements, for example through ectopic recombination, potentially promoting reproductive isolation and speciation. Species with holocentric chromosomes, that lack a localized centromere, might be more likely to retain chromosomal rearrangements that lead to karyotype changes such as fusions and fissions. This is because chromosome segregation during cell division should be less affected than in organisms with a localized centromere. The relationships between repetitive elements and chromosomal rearrangements and how they may translate to patterns of speciation in holocentric organisms are though poorly understood. Here, we use a reference‐free approach based on low‐coverage short‐read sequencing data to characterize the repeat landscape of two independently evolved holocentric groups: Erebia butterflies and Carex sedges. We consider both micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary scales to investigate the repeat landscape differentiation between Erebia populations and the association between repeats and karyotype changes in a phylogenetic framework for both Erebia and Carex. At a micro‐evolutionary scale, we found population differentiation in repeat landscape that increases with overall intraspecific genetic differentiation among four Erebia species. At a macro‐evolutionary scale, we found indications for an association between repetitive elements and karyotype changes along both Erebia and Carex phylogenies. Altogether, our results suggest that repetitive elements are associated with the level of population differentiation and chromosomal rearrangements in holocentric clades and therefore likely play a role in adaptation and potentially species diversification.
Not your average firm: A quantile regression approach to firm‐level investment in the United States
Authors: Sündal Doğuhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA significant portion of the work published on firm investment adapts models that operate on an “average firm” assumption, which is different from the investment behavior of a modal firm. This study employs a Bayesian quantile regression model to explore the investment rates in the United States and finds, first, that the firms with higher investment rates have a higher responsiveness to the valuation ratio and lower responsiveness to the profit rate, and, second, that there is a decline in the responsiveness of firm investment to these factors in recent years. The paper also emphasizes the role of autonomous investments in determining firm‐level investment rates, based on differing sectoral factors.
The insertion sequence excision enhancer: A PrimPol‐based primer invasion system for immobilizing transposon‐transmitted antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Chandler Mick , Ross Karen , Varani Alessandro M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvolutionary studies often identify genes that have been exchanged between different organisms and the phrase Lateral or Horizontal Gene Transfer is often used in this context. However, they rarely provide any mechanistic information concerning how these gene transfers might have occurred. With the astonishing increase in the number of sequences in public databases over the past two or three decades, identical antibiotic resistance genes have been identified in many different sequence contexts. One explanation for this would be that genes are initially transmitted by transposons which have subsequently decayed and can no longer be detected. Here, we provide an overview of a protein, IEE (Insertion Sequence Excision Enhancer) observed to facilitate high‐frequency excision of IS629 from clinically important Escherichia coli O157:H7 and subsequently shown to affect a large class of bacterial insertion sequences which all transpose using the copy‐out‐paste‐in transposition mechanism. Excision depends on both IEE and transposase indicating association with the transposition process itself. We review genetic and biochemical data and propose that IEE immobilizes genes carried by compound transposons by removing the flanking insertion sequence (IS) copies. The biochemical activities of IEE as a primase with the capacity to recognize DNA microhomologies and the observation that its effect appears restricted to IS families which use copy‐out‐paste‐in transposition, suggests IS deletion occurs by abortive transposition involving strand switching (primer invasion) during the copy‐out step. This reinforces the proposal made for understanding the widespread phenomenon loss of ISApl1 flanking mcr‐1 in the compound transposon Tn6330 which we illustrate with a detailed model. This model also provides a convincing way to explain the high levels of IEE‐induced precise IS excision.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their effect on COVID‐19 severity and hospitalization among younger than 50 years versus older than 50 years population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chenchula Santenna , Sharma Sushil , Tripathi Mukesh , Chavan Madhavrao , Misra Arup Kumar , Rangari Gaurav 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCohort studies have shown that both overweight and obesity have their impact by increasing hospitalization with COVID‐19. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedRxiv databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA software version 16 MP (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA) and Med Calc software version 22.009(Med Calc software Ltd, Ostend, Belgium). The primary outcome was to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their impact on the risk of hospitalization among COVID‐19 patients under and above 50 years of age. In total, 184 studies involving 2,365,377 patients were included. The prevalence of overweight was highest among those younger than 50 years of age over those older than 50 years of age, (26.33% vs. 30.46%), but there was no difference in obesity (36.30% vs. 36.02%). Overall, the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients was 31.0% and 36.26%, respectively. Compared with normal weight, the odds of hospitalization with overweight (odds ratio [OR] 2.186, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 3.99], p < 0.01) and obesity (OR 3.069, 95% CI [1.67, 5.61], p < 0.001) in those younger than 50 years and obesity (OR 3.977, 95% CI [2.75, 5.73], p < 0.001) in the older than 50 years age group were significantly high. The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among the under 50 years age group and obesity among the older than 50 years age group significantly increased the rate of COVID‐19 infections, severity and hospitalization.
A retrospective study of alveolar bone remodelling after anterior retraction in orthodontic tooth extraction cases with clear aligners and fixed appliances
Authors: Guo Ziyu , Zhang Ruijie , Guo Changgang , Li Xin , Jin Zuolin , Liu Qian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate alveolar bone dimensions and its relationship with tooth movement (retraction, intrusion and torque) during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and clear aligners.MethodsThirty‐two patients were included in this retrospective clinical study. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was collected before and after treatment to measure the volume of dehiscence and fenestrations in the maxillary anterior region, anterior alveolar bone thickness and height and degree of tooth movement. Rank‐sum tests were used to compare the differences in alveolar bone defect volumes between clear aligners and fixed appliance, multiple linear regression analysis was used for study evaluation, and kappa statistics were used to assess internal consistency and test‐retest reliability.ResultsPost‐operatively, most alveolar bone defects occurred on the labial side. The incidence of bone fenestration was 23.96% in the clear aligner group and 26.18% in the fixed appliance group, which was higher than the incidence of bone dehiscence (5.21%). The labial bone height decreased by 0.272 mm, and the palatal bone height increased by 0.617 mm for every 1 mm downward intrusion of the anterior tooth apex in the fixed appliance group. In the clear aligner group, there was no significant change in the labial bone height, and the palatal bone height decreased by 0.447 mm for every 1 mm of anterior tooth retraction coronally.ConclusionsIn the fixed appliance group, anterior tooth intrusion and retraction may have led to alveolar bone resorption by its compression at the cervical level. This study provides a three‐dimensional tooth movement evaluation method by using CBCT.
Anesthesia management in a child with mucopolysaccharidosis and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A case report
Authors: Kawamura Akihisa , Tsuboi Kaoru , Oka Aiko , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis and mucopolysaccharidosis are both rare diseases that pose significant airway maintenance challenges to anesthesiologists. In this report, we describe the anesthesia management in a 4‐year‐old male with mucopolysaccharidosis type II who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis and presented for ophthalmic surgical procedures. Combined use of propofol and ketamine with the support of high‐flow nasal oxygen enabled adequate analgesia and sedation while maintaining spontaneous ventilation and airway patency. The strategy presented in this report may contribute to enhancing the safety of sedation in spontaneously breathing children with abnormal airways.
Position paper – CFT for psychosis
Authors: Heriot‐Maitland Charles 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThis paper outlines the theoretical and empirical basis for compassion focused therapy (CFT) for psychosis, the gaps in the current knowledge and research, as well as some of the challenges for addressing gaps. It will guide the direction of future work and the steps needed to develop and advance this approach.MethodThis paper reviews evidence of how evolutionary models such as social rank theory and attachment theory have greatly contributed to our understanding of psychosis and provide a clear rationale and evidence base for the mechanisms of change in CFT for psychosis. It reviews the evidence for outcomes of compassion training more generally, and early feasibility evaluations of CFT for psychosis.ResultsThe process evidence shows that people with psychosis have highly active social rank and threat systems, and the benefits of switching into attachment and care systems, which can support emotion regulation and integrative mind states. The outcomes evidence shows that compassion training impacts not only psychological outcomes, but also physiological outcomes such as neural circuits, immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. Within the psychosis field, outcomes research is still in the early days, but there are good indications of feasibility and a clear path forward for the next steps.ConclusionsCFT for psychosis is an approach that integrates biopsychosocial processes, an integration that's evidenced across each aspect of the model, from theoretical foundations (evolution‐informed) to interventions (e.g., body/breath training and relational techniques), to evaluation. Future RCTs are required to understand the effects on biopsychosocial outcomes for people with psychosis.
Engineered coumarin accumulation reduces mycotoxin‐induced oxidative stress and disease susceptibility
Authors: Beesley Alexander , Beyer Sebastian F. , Wanders Verena , Levecque Sophie , Bredenbruch Sandra , Habash Samer S. , Schleker A. Sylvia S. , Gätgens Jochem , Oldiges Marco , Schultheiss Holger , Conrath Uwe , Langenbach Caspar J. G. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCoumarins can fight pathogens and are thus promising for crop protection. Their biosynthesis, however, has not yet been engineered in crops. We tailored the constitutive accumulation of coumarins in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana plants, as well as in Nicotiana tabacum BY‐2 suspension cells. We did so by overexpressing A. thaliana feruloyl‐CoA 6‐hydroxylase 1 (AtF6’H1), encoding the key enzyme of scopoletin biosynthesis. Besides scopoletin and its glucoside scopolin, esculin at low level was the only other coumarin detected in transgenic cells. Mechanical damage of scopolin‐accumulating tissue led to a swift release of scopoletin, presumably from the scopolin pool. High scopolin levels in A. thaliana roots coincided with reduced susceptibility to the root‐parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii. In addition, transgenic soybean plants were more tolerant to the soil‐borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium virguliforme. Because mycotoxin‐induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death were reduced in the AtF6’H1‐overexpressors, the weaker sensitivity to F. virguliforme may be caused by attenuated oxidative damage of coumarin‐hyperaccumulating cells. Together, engineered coumarin accumulation is promising for enhanced disease resilience of crops.
PWL1, a G‐type lectin receptor‐like kinase, positively regulates leaf senescence and heat tolerance but negatively regulates resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae in rice
Authors: Xu Jiangmin , Wang Chunlian , Wang Fujun , Liu Yapei , Li Man , Wang Hongjie , Zheng Yuhan , Zhao Kaijun , Ji Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPlant leaf senescence, caused by multiple internal and environmental factors, has an important impact on agricultural production. The lectin receptor‐like kinase (LecRLK) family members participate in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, but their roles in regulating leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we identify and characterize a rice premature withered leaf 1 (pwl1) mutant, which exhibits premature leaf senescence throughout the plant life cycle. The pwl1 mutant displayed withered and whitish leaf tips, decreased chlorophyll content, and accelerated chloroplast degradation. Map‐based cloning revealed an amino acid substitution (Gly412Arg) in LOC_Os03g62180 (PWL1) was responsible for the phenotypes of pwl1. The expression of PWL1 was detected in all tissues, but predominantly in tillering and mature leaves. PWL1 encodes a G‐type LecRLK with active kinase and autophosphorylation activities. PWL1 is localized to the plasma membrane and can self‐associate, mainly mediated by the plasminogen‐apple‐nematode (PAN) domain. Substitution of the PAN domain significantly diminished the self‐interaction of PWL1. Moreover, the pwl1 mutant showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, cell death, and severe DNA fragmentation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PWL1 was involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, like carbon metabolism, ribosome, and peroxisome pathways. Meanwhile, interfering of biological processes induced by the PWL1 mutation also enhanced heat sensitivity and resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak with excessive accumulation of ROS and impaired chloroplast development in rice. Natural variation analysis indicated more variations in indica varieties, and the vast majority of japonica varieties harbour the PWL1Hap1 allele. Together, our results suggest that PWL1, a member of LecRLKs, exerts multiple roles in regulating plant growth and development, heat‐tolerance, and resistance to bacterial pathogens.
Nitrate improves aluminium resistance through SLAH‐mediated citrate exudation from roots
Authors: Wang Peng , Cao Hongrui , Quan Shuxuan , Wang Yong , Li Mu , Wei Ping , Zhang Meng , Wang Hui , Ma Hongyu , Li Xiaofeng , Yang Zhong‐Bao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraint for crop production in acidic soil, and the inappropriate utilization of nitrogen fertilizer can accelerate soil acidification. Despite previous studies investigating the regulation of nitrogen forms in Al toxicity of plants, the underlying mechanism, particularly at the molecular level, remains unclear. This study aims to uncover the potentially regulatory mechanism of nitrate (NO3−) in the Al resistance of maize and Arabidopsis. NO3− conservatively improves Al resistance in maize and Arabidopsis, with nitrate‐elevated citrate synthesis and exudation potentially playing critical roles in excluding Al from the root symplast. ZmSLAH2 in maize and AtSLAH1 in Arabidopsis are essential for the regulation of citrate exudation and NO3−‐promoted Al resistance, with ZmMYB81 directly targeting the ZmSLAH2 promoter to activate its activity. Additionally, NO3− transport is necessary for NO3−‐promoted Al resistance, with ZmNRT1.1A and AtNRT1.1 potentially playing vital roles. The suppression of NO3− transport in roots by ammonium (NH4+) may inhibit NO3−‐promoted Al resistance. This study provides novel insights into the understanding of the crucial role of NO3−‐mediated signalling in the Al resistance of plants and offers guidance for nitrogen fertilization on acid soils.
Event‐related EEG synchronization and desynchronization in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Pronina Marina V. , Ponomarev Valery A. , Poliakov Yury I. , Martins‐Mourao Antonio , Plotnikova Irina V. , Müller Andreas , Kropotov Yury D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSymptoms in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated with impairment in cognitive control, attention, and action inhibition. We investigated OCD group differences relative to healthy subjects in terms of event‐related alpha and beta range synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) during a visually cued Go/NoGo task. Subjects were 62 OCD patients and 296 healthy controls (HC). The OCD group in comparison with HC, showed a changed value of alpha/beta oscillatory power over the central cortex, in particular, an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the central‐parietal cortex during the interstimulus interval (Cue condition) as well as changes in the postmovement beta synchronization topography and frequency. Over the frontal cortex, the OCD group showed an increase in magnitude of the beta ERS in NoGo condition. Within the parietal‐occipital ERS/ERD modulations, the OCD group showed an increase in the alpha/beta ERD over the parietal cortex after the presentation of the visual stimuli as well as a decrease in the beta ERD over the occipital cortex after the presentation of the Cue and Go stimuli. The specific properties in the ERS/ERD patterns observed in the OCD group may reflect high involvement of the frontal and central cortex in action preparation and action inhibition processes and, possibly, in maintaining the motor program, which might be a result of the dysfunction of the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuits involving prefrontal cortex. The data about enhanced involvement of the parietal cortex in the evaluation of the visual stimuli are in line with the assumption about overfocused attention in OCD.