Comparison of the immunological and virological responses to cART between HIV-1/O and HIV-1/M patients followed up in France
Authors: Unal Guillemette , Seng Rémonie , Alessandri-Gradt Elodie , Plessis Lorraine , Ghislain Mathilde , Goujard Cécile , Leoz Marie , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Meyer Laurence ,   COPANA, Duvivier Claudine , Touam Fatima , Pialoux Gilles , Le Nagat Sophie , Slama Laurence , Chas Julie , L’Yavanc Thomas , Capeau Jacqueline , Vigouroux Corinne , Fellahi Soraya , Bastard Jean-Philippe , Viard Jean-Paul , Maignan Aline , Cros Agnès , Sobel Alain , Gérard Laurence , Séréni Daniel , Van Dien Le , Molina Jean-Michel , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Aslan Alexandre , Balkan Suna , de Verdière Nathalie Colin , De Castro Nathalie , Delgado Jeanine , Parlier Sylvie , Pintado Claire , Ponscarme Diane , Rozenbaum Willy , Taulera Olivier , Gallien Sébastien , Garrait Valérie , Gatey Caroline , Gazaignes Sandrine , Goguel Jérôme , Lafaurie Matthieu , Munier Anne-Lise , Bergmann Jean-François , Rami Agathe , Parrinello Maguy , Girard Pierre-Marie , Bottero Julie , Ouazene Zineb , Lefebvre Bénédicte , Vacin Nadia , Campa Pauline , Boccens Diane , Herson Serge , Remidi Hassiba , Iguertsira Malik , Nafissa Smaïl , Lupin Catherine , Simon Anne , Edeb Nadia , Salmon-Céron Dominique , Guillevin Loïc , Tahi Tassadit , Pietri Marie Pierre , Weiss Laurence , Pavie Juliette , Karmochkine Marina , Batisse Dominique , Buisson Martin , Derouineau Jean , Manea Maria , Lucas Marie-Laure , Sophie Matheron , Pahlavan Golriz , Paput Emmanuelle , Louni Françoise , Harent Stanislas , Legal Sylvie , Castor Guylaine , Bao Phung , Fournier Isabelle , Zelie Ralaimazava Pascal Julia , Godard Cindy , Boué François , Martinez Valérie , Miekoutima Elsa , Favier Marion , Pignon Carole , Chambrin Véronique , kansau Imad , Renato Fior , Raho-Moussa Mariem , Fantin Bruno , Uludag Agnès , Tadlaoui Ali , Poder Caroline , Bamae Valentin Iwaka , Makloufi Sihasi , Honoré Patricia , Bouchaud Olivier , Aberall Sophie , Goujard Cécile , Quertainmont Yann , Sterpu Raluca , Fourreau Frédéric , Peretti Delphine , Sala Taylor Pindi , Bourdic Katia , Levy Yves , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Dominguez Stéphanie , Melica Giovanna , Belzunce Carine , Saidani Maryline , Lascaux Anne-Sophie , Zaragoza Jose Luis Lopez , Dumont Cécile , Cabié André , Abel Sylvie , Hochedez Patrick , Ronin François , Batalla Anne-Sophie , Cerland Christophe , Poizot-Martin Isabelle , Ritleng Anne-Suzel , Guignard Meriem , Croarec Nicolas , Bétancourt Carle Blanco , Zaegel-Faucher Olivia , Ivanova Alena , Carmantrand Marie-Josèphe , Mokhtari Saadia , Thiebaut-Drobacheff Marie-Christine , Haffner-Mauvais Adeline Foltzer Cécile , Parcelier François , Gardiennet Quentin , Chireuze Catherine , Faucher Jean-François , Hustache-Mathieu Laurent , Illes Gabriella , Neau Didier , Cazanave Charles , Pistone Thierry , Dupon Michel , Dauchy Frédéric , Dutronc Hervé , Raymond Isabelle , Lacaze-Buzy Laetitia , Morlat Philippe , Paccalin François , Caldato Sabrina , Roger-Schmeltz Julien , Pertusa Marie-Carmen , Receveur Marie-Catherine , Martell Cédric , Lacoste Denis , Duffau Pierre , Hessamfar Mojgan , Reynes Jacques , Crisol Claude , Baillat Vincent , Le Moing Vincent , Jacquet Jean-Marc , Casanova Marie-Laure , Makinson Alain , Villadoro Antoine , Favier Carine , André Pascal , Psomas Cristina , De Boever Corinne Merle , Tramoni Christine , Bernard Louis , Nau Pascale , Sajole Gaëlle , Sèvre Carine , Soufflet Antoine , Guadagnin Patrick , Bastides Frédéric , Choutet Patrick , Raffi François , Anavena Clothilde , Colas Martine , Larmet Laurence , Le Houssinc Pascale Morineau , Brunet-Cartier Cécile , Reliquet Véronique , Point Patrick , Aubry Olivier , Hue Hervé , May Thierry , Bouillon Marie-Pierre , Delestan Mickaël , André Marie , Chéret Antoine , Ajana Faiza , Alcaraz Isabelle , Baclet Véronique , Biekre Raphaël , Melliez Hugues , Valette Michel , Viget Nathalie , Huleux Thomas , Aïssi Emmanuelle , Rey David , Partisani Marialuisa , Cheneau Christine , Priester Michèle , Batard Marie-Laure , Zadeh Mahsa Mohseni , Richard Aurélie , Blaison Gilles , Martinot Martin , Pachard Anne , Makhloufi Djamila , Livrozet Jean-Michel , Chiarello Pierre , Brunel-Dalmas Florence , Garnier Florence , Chidiac Christian , Augustin-Normand Claude , Koffi Joseph , Miailhes Patrick , Pailhes Sophie , Schlienger Isabelle , Perpoint Thomas , Boibieux André , Brochier Corinne , Perré Philippe , Stragia Olivia Bolengia , Guimant Thomas , Nainville Sophie Leautez , Esnault Jean Luc , Laine Laetitia , Rabille Nadine , Albrecht Catherine , Durand Hélène , Suaud Isabelle ,   ORIVAO Study Groups, Chennebault J , Fialaire P , Le Guillou-Guillemette H , Rehaiem S , Chanzy B , Clavere G , Gaillat J , Courdavault L , Genet P , Gerbe J , Benoit C , Honore Bouakline S , Waldner A , Bettinger D , Chirouze C , Bernard N , Reigadas S , Dupont X , Gaillard J L , GauLT E , Reimann E , Otterbein G , Thomas L , Vaghefi P , Benoit M , Buthiot N , Goux A , Chambrin V , Deback C , Fior R , Raho Moussa M , Antoniotti O , Coban D , Cormerais L , Henquell C , Jacomet C , Lesens O , Chanoine N , Villmant A , Van Autreve J L , Bloch M , Ichou H , Manceron V , Mortier E , Zeng A , Bouvier-Alias M , Dominguez S , Lascaux-Cametez A S , Lelievre J D , Levy Y , Melica-Gregoire G , Pawlotsky J M , Pothier P , Waldner A , Inchiappa L , Verhaeghe A , Olivier B , Pathe J P , Berthe H , Mathez D , Favret V , Troisvallets D , Vandemeulebroucke E , Ceccaldi J , El Harif Z , Bocket L , Barbut P , Chaix F , Lambert C , Lambolez T , Miatezila J , Son O , Brunet P , Chappe C , Dhiver C , Lecomte V , Meddeb L , Poizot-Martin I , Tamalet C , Valadier J , Beck-Wirth G , Benomar M , Delarbre J M , Peter J M , Bevilacqua S , Venard V , Daneluzzi V , Idri N , Montoya B , Ferre V , Garnier E , Hue H , Larmet L , Point P , Raffi F , Reliqiet V , Rodallec A , Secher S , Amoyel P , Botton E , Janowski M , Le Cocguic Y , Deleplanque P , Descamps J M , Lapine M , Sunder S , Chansombat M , Charpentier C , Damond F , Diallo B , Duval X , Julia Z , Landman R , Legac S , Rioux C , Yeni P , Krivine A , Blanche P , Cros A , Gazalet P , Ghosn J , Krivine A , Sobel A , Bercot B , Diemer M , Parrinello M , Bey Boumezrag C , Bodard L , Gibert S , Huche F X , Raffenne L , Strebler M , Blanc C , Bourzam E , Hansel B , Lupin C , Wirden M , Bourzam E , Collias L , Effa J , Jung C , Pavie J , Pere H , Si Mohamed A , Delaugerre C , Gerard L , Loze B , Maylin S , Nabias R , Ponscarme D , Deleuze J , Rozenberg F , Bachour B , Bani-Sadr F , Chas J , Hamidi M , Kherallah L , Le Nagat S , Le Pendeven C , Moreau F , Nicolas J C , Schneider V , Tabone M D , Vaudre G , Giraudeau G , Le Moal G , Plainchamp D , Blondin G , Dorval I , Duthe J C , Perfezou P , Berger J L , Brodard V , Kmiec I , Rouger C , Strady C , Chappelin J M , Maillard A , Ratajczak M , Debab Y , De Oliveira F , Depatureaux A , Gueit I , Lemee V , Theron D , Pasdeloup I , Camps P , Bigaillon C , Ficko C , Imbert C , Rapp C , Grand C , Michau C , Bornarel D , Devillier P , Farfour E , Majerholc C , Vignon D , Zucman D , El Addouli M , Danjoux M F , Journe J , Leveneur Y , Marchou B , Nicot F , Prevoteau Du Clary F , Bonne S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic outcomes for patients infected by genetically divergent HIV-1/O are not well-known due to scarce data and the lack of an appropriate comparison with patients infected by pandemic HIV-1/M. We aimed to compare the immunological and virological response to cART between HIV-1/O and HIV-1/M patients followed in France.

Methods
All naïve HIV-1/O subjects initiating cART in France in ANRS-ORIVAO study were compared to naïve HIV-1/M subjects initiating cART in ANRS-COPANA cohort. Piecewise linear mixed-effect models and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyse immunological and virological response to cART overall (65 HIV-1/O versus 279 HIV-1/M), then only in patients initiating 2INTI + 1PI/r.

Results
Plasma viral load (pVL) at treatment initiation was 0.6 log10 copies/mL lower in HIV-1/O than in HIV-1/M patients (P = 0.004) in the overall population, but there was no difference in the time to pVL &lt; 200 cp/mL after cART initiation (log rank test, P = 0.57). Meanwhile, baseline CD4 counts were lower in HIV-1/O (median 180/mm3) than HIV-1/M (248/mm3) patients (P = 0.001). At 4 months, the increase in CD4 counts did not differ (P = 0.96) between groups but remained lower in HIV-1/O patients beyond 4 months of treatment (P = 0.04).
In PI/r population, baseline pVL was 1 log10 copies/mL lower for HIV-1/O than HIV-1/M patients, leading to significantly faster attainment of pVL &lt; 200 cp/mL (log rank test: P &lt; 0.001); immunological response to cART was similar.

Conclusions
HIV-1/O and HIV-1/M immunological and virological responses to cART did not differ when epidemiological characteristics of the patients were taken into account. In France, treating HIV-1/O following HIV-1/M guidelines leads to similar therapeutic outcomes.