bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for extraction and quantitative analysis of phytosterols and oxidation products
Authors: Yang Bowen , Zhao Tian , Liu Yan , Lu Baiyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhytosterols (PS) are widely distributed in the plant source foods, and research on their health benefits has become increasingly active. This article briefly outlines the main extraction processes of PS and instrumental analysis methods of PS in detail. The PS isolation technique depends on the nature of the matrix and the form of the PS (free, esterified, and glycosylated). Conventional extraction technologies for PS commonly used in practice were Soxhlet extraction and maceration method. Due to their inherent molecular structure, PS exhibits poor stability to heat, light, oxygen, pH, and metal ions. It is of great significance to find a reliable analytical technique to extract PS and oxidation products from food substances and an accurate detection method of PS in different foods due to the instability of plant sterol and the interference of complex plant‐based matrices. Generally, it is common to use GC–MS to determine the composition of total PS and their oxidation products, which requires standard monomer PS. It is desirable to use LC–MS to determine free PS in liquid samples. These methodologies could be meaningful in the quality assessment, health function evaluation, and applications and limitations of plant‐sourced foods.
Exposure of Lemna minor (Common Duckweed) to Mixtures of Uranium and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
Authors: Gonzales Annelise K. , Donaher Sarah E. , Wattier Bryanna D. , Martinez Nicole E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A variety of processes, both natural and anthropogenic, can have a negative impact on surface waters, which in turn can be detrimental to human and environmental health. Few studies have considered the ecotoxicological impacts of concurrently occurring contaminants, and that is particularly true for mixtures that include contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Motivated by this knowledge gap, the present study considers the potential ecotoxicity of environmentally relevant contaminants in the representative aquatic plant Lemna minor (common duckweed), a model organism. More specifically, biological effects associated with exposure of L. minor to a ubiquitous radionuclide (uranium [U]) and a fluorinated organic compound (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], considered a CEC), alone and in combination, were monitored under controlled laboratory conditions. Lemna minor was grown for 5 days in small, aerated containers. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with seven plants each. Treatments were 0, 0.3, and 3 ppb PFOA; 0, 0.5, and 5 ppb U; and combinations of these. Plants were observed daily for frond number and signs of chlorosis and necrosis. Other biological endpoints examined at the conclusion of the experiment were chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity. In single-exposure experiments, a slight stimulatory effect was observed on frond number at 0.3 ppb PFOA, whereas both concentrations of U had a detrimental effect on frond number. In the dual-exposure experiment, the combinations with 5 ppb U also had a detrimental effect on frond number. Results for chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity were less meaningful, suggesting that environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA and U have only subtle effects on L. minor growth and health status. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2412–2421. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Sublethal Effects of Four Insecticides Targeting Cholinergic Neurons on Partner and Host Finding in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis
Authors: Schöfer Nils , Ackermann Julian , Hoheneder Julian , Hofferberth John , Ruther Joachim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on nontarget organisms are one of the causes of the current decline of many insect species. However, research in the past decades has focused primarily on pollinators, although other beneficial nontarget organisms such as parasitic wasps may also be affected. We studied the sublethal effects of the four insecticides acetamiprid, dimethoate, flupyradifurone, and sulfoxaflor on pheromone-mediated sexual communication and olfactory host finding of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. All agents target cholinergic neurons, which are involved in the processing of chemical information by insects. We applied insecticide doses topically and tested the response of treated wasps to sex pheromones and host-associated chemical cues. In addition, we investigated the mating rate of insecticide-treated wasps. The pheromone response of females surviving insecticide treatment was disrupted by acetamiprid (≥0.63 ng), dimethoate (≥0.105 ng), and flupyradifurone (≥21 ng), whereas sulfoxaflor had no significant effects at the tested doses. Olfactory host finding was affected by all insecticides (acetamiprid ≥1.05 ng, dimethoate ≥0.105 ng, flupyradifurone ≥5.25 ng, sulfoxaflor ≥0.52 ng). Remarkably, females treated with ≥0.21 ng dimethoate even avoided host odor. The mating rate of treated N. vitripennis couples was decreased by acetamiprid (6.3 ng), flupyradifurone (≥2.63 ng), and sulfoxaflor (2.63 ng), whereas dimethoate showed only minor effects. Finally, we determined the amount of artificial nectar consumed by N. vitripennis females within 48 h. Considering this amount (∼2 µL) and the maximum concentrations of the insecticides reported in nectar, tested doses can be considered field-realistic. Our results suggest that exposure of parasitic wasps to field-realistic doses of insecticides targeting the cholinergic system reduces their effectiveness as natural enemies by impairing the olfactory sense. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2400–2411. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HPV vaccination among pharmacy students and other health science students
Authors: Tran Van De , Nguyen Thi Cam Tu , Pham My Ngoc , Dorofeeva Valeria Valeryevna , Pak Tatiana Vilorievna , Huynh Phuong Nhat Quynh , Le Minh Huu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective way to prevent cervical cancer. In Vietnam, there has been a lack of research specifically targeting the student population in the field of health sciences.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess HPV vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health science students in Vietnam, focusing on differences between pharmacy students and other health science students.MethodsThe study used a cross‐sectional descriptive design, conducted at a medical university in southern Vietnam. This survey was managed by Google Form which was distributed online to students via posts on Facebook and student chat groups on health science courses on Message, Zalo.ResultsOut of the 1010 students surveyed, 213 (21.1%) were pharmacy students. There was no difference between pharmacy and non‐pharmacy students in terms of knowledge scores about HPV, cervical cancer (median = 7 vs. median = 7, p = 0.301), and vaccine knowledge (median = 8 vs. median = 7, p = 0.273). Pharmacy students had a less positive attitude toward HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccines than non‐pharmacy students (median = 36 vs. median = 37, p = 0.014). Parents' education level, history of cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccine knowledge, and attitudes toward HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine were identified as significant factors influencing HPV vaccination in the women population.ConclusionPharmacy and non‐pharmacy students differ significantly in their attitudes toward HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccines. These findings can help develop educational programs and counseling to improve students' understanding, awareness, and vaccination decisions.
Lesion Expansion in Gnathic Fibrous Dysplasia: Natural History, Indicators of Progression, and Response to Bisphosphonates
Authors: Pan Kristen S , Taylor Jocelyn , Szymczuk Vivian , Boyce Alison M 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is characterized by expansile fibro-osseous lesions that may occur in association with endocrinopathies as part of McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS). Craniofacial FD is a significant source of morbidity and most commonly involves the gnathic bones. There is a critical need to understand the natural history and risk factors for gnathic FD progression to develop preventative trials and identify candidates for intervention. The purpose of this study was to characterize gnathic FD lesion expansion and to identify risk factors associated with lesion growth. Patients with gnathic FD and serial CT imaging were evaluated. Volumetric analyses of CT scans were performed using MIM Encore software. Generalized mixed model analysis was used to account for intra-subject correlation, with FD lesion volume as the dependent variable. In addition to age, effects of MAS-associated endocrinopathies, sex, disease severity, and bisphosphonate treatment were evaluated. A total of 104 total lesions in 52 patients were characterized longitudinally. Median age at initial scan was 8.8 years (range 3.4–18.8), and median age at final scan was 16.8 years (range 6.9–33.4 years). The median number of scans per subject was 4 (range 2–14). FD lesion volume increased with age (2.50 cm3/yr, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–3.04, p &lt; 0.001). However, lesion expansion rate decreased over time (−0.05 cm3/yr, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.04, p &lt; 0.001). Mandibular lesions tended to expand at a greater rate than maxillary lesions (p &lt; 0.001). Growth hormone excess was associated with accelerated expansion rate (p = 0.002). Other MAS-associated endocrinopathies, pubertal status, sex, weight, lesion density, disease severity, and bisphosphonate treatment were not associated with lesion volume or expansion. Gnathic FD lesion expansion is most rapid in younger children and declines as patients approach adulthood. The availability of quantitative natural history data will guide clinicians in identifying patients who are candidates for medical and surgical interventions and clinical trials for preventative therapies. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Understanding the role of zingerone on biochemical and behavioral changes in rat brain inflicted with C6 glioma cells
Authors: Chopra Devika , Chadha Vijayta D. , Dhawan Devinder K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalignant glioma is the deadliest form of brain cancer. Zingerone (ZO), a polyphenolic compound found in ginger, offers pharmacological properties that make it a promising agent for containing the growth of glioma cells. The present study was conducted to understand the efficacy of ZO in containing the growth of C6 glioma cells. The study also assessed the prophylactic role of ZO on rat brain glioma induced by C6 cell lines by addressing its antioxidative action on biochemical, behavioral, and histoarchitectural indices. For dose optimization, the animals were pretreated with different doses of ZO for a period of 2 weeks before the inoculation of glioma cells (1 × 105/10 µL phosphate‐buffered saline) in the caudate region of rat brain and the treatment with ZO continued for 4 more weeks post implantation. In vitro studies were done to assess the radical scavenging activity of ZO and also to determine its effects on viability of C6 glioma cells at different concentrations. Glioma‐bearing rats showed significant alterations in memory; exploratory and muscular activities which were appreciably improved upon simultaneous supplementation of ZO administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight and were also visible even at a higher dose. Glioma‐bearing rats revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl contents, and lipid peroxidation, but showed a significant decrease in reduced glutathione and antioxidative enzymes in the brain tissue. Interestingly, all the biochemical indices and altered brain histoarchitecture displaying cellular atypia and hyperplasia showed appreciable improvement when supplemented with ZO at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight.
m6A regulator‐mediated RNA methylation modification remodels immune microenvironment in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Luo Zhi , Cheng Jun , Wang Yanggan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe latest evidence suggested that the onset of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is closely associated with immune microenvironment disturbance. Since N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation impacts on immunocyte function and antitumor immunity, it is predictable that m6A RNA methylation may result in immune microenvironment disorder. Here, we attempted to verify this hypothesis. We used single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to investigate the infiltration abundance of immunocytes, single‐cell RNA‐Seq to identify key m6A regulator, and a doxorubicin (Dox)‐induced DCM mouse model to confirm our findings. ssGSEA revealed a higher infiltration abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and B+ lymphocytes in DCM myocardium tissue. Single‐cell RNA‐Seq indicated a critical role of IGFBP2 in DCM. Cross‐checking analysis hinted an interaction between IGFBP2 and NSUN5, ALYREF, RRP8, and ALKBH3. Mechanically, IGFBP2‐mediated RNA methylation deteriorated the immune microenvironment and thus increased the risk of DCM by enhancing CD8+ T lymphocyte, NK cell, monocyte, B+ lymphocyte infiltration and activating check‐point, MHC‐I, and T cell co‐stimulation signaling pathways. In the DCM mouse model, echocardiography indicated a significant reduction in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) and an increase in left ventricular internal dimensions at systole (LVIDs) and diastole (LVIDd). MASSON staining indicated an increased fibrosis in myocardium tissue. qPCR and immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of IGFBP2. The present study indicated that IGFBP2‐mediated RNA methylation remodeled the immune microenvironment and increased the risk of DCM. IGFBP2 may serve as potential therapeutic target for DCM.
Factors associated with 60‐day readmission among inpatients with COVID‐19 at 21 United States health systems
Authors: Kirsch Julie A. , Slutske Wendy S. , McCarthy Danielle E. , Smith Stevens S. , Williams Brian S. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Conner Karen L. , Fiore Michael C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying patients at risk for readmission after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection could facilitate care planning and prevention. This retrospective cohort study of 60‐day readmission included 105 543 COVID‐19 patients at 21 US healthcare systems who were discharged alive between February 2020 and November 2021. Generalized linear mixed regression analyses tested predictors of 60‐day readmission and severity. The all‐cause readmission rate was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10%–21%), with 22% (95% CI = 18%–26%) of readmitted patients needing intensive care, and 6% (95% CI = 05%–07%) dying. Factors associated with readmission included male sex, government insurance, positive smoking history, co‐morbidity burden, longer index admissions, and diagnoses at index admission (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease). Death and intensive care rates at readmission declined postvaccine availability. Receiving at least two COVID‐19 vaccine doses, which were more common among older patients and those with comorbid conditions, was not independently associated with readmission but predicted a reduced risk of death at readmission. This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with all‐cause readmission for patients re‐admitted to the same health system after hospitalization with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients who are male, who smoke, who have a higher comorbidity burden, and have government insurance may benefit from additional postacute care planning.
Comparison of machine learning statistical downscaling and regional climate models for temperature, precipitation, wind speed, humidity and radiation over Europe under present conditions
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , Correa Carlos , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez‐Guisado Esteban , Rodríguez‐Camino Ernesto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are two main approaches to downscale global climate projections: dynamical and statistical downscaling. Both families have been widely evaluated, but intercomparison studies between the two families are scarce, and usually limited to temperature and precipitation. In this work, we present a comparison between a statistical downscaling model (SDM) based on machine learning and six regional climate models (RCMs) from EURO‐CORDEX, for five variables of interest: temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity and solar radiation under present climatic conditions. The study is conducted at a continental scale over Europe, with a spatial resolution of 0.11° and daily data. Both the SDM and the RCMs are driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis, and observations are taken from the gridded dataset E‐OBS. Several aspects have been evaluated: daily series, mean values and extremes, spatial patterns and also temporal aspects. Additionally, a multivariable index (fire weather index) derived from the fundamental variables has been included. The SDM has better scores than the RCMs for all the evaluated metrics with only a few exceptions, mainly related to an underestimation of the variance. After bias correction, both the SDM and the six RCMs present similar results, with no significant differences among them. Results presented here, combined with the low computational expense of SDMs and the limited availability of RCMs over some CORDEX domains, should motivate the consideration of statistical downscaling at the same level as RCMs by official providers of regional information, and its inclusion in reference sites. Nonetheless, further analysis on crucial aspects such as the impact on long‐term trends or the sensitivity of different methods to being driven by global climate models, is needed.
Salvage surgery for local recurrences after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of colorectal pulmonary metastases
Authors: van Dorp Martijn , Ünal Semih , Gooijer Simone , Dickhoff Chris , van den Broek Frank Jozef Christiaan , Kazemier Geert , Schreurs Wilhelmina Hendrika , Schneiders Famke Lorelei , Dahele Max , Heineman David Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionLocal control following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for patients with colorectal pulmonary metastases is reportedly lower than for metastases from other tumors. Such recurrences may still be amenable to salvage therapy. We describe our experience with salvage surgery in 17 patients.MethodsPatients who underwent salvage metastasectomy for a local recurrence following SABR for colorectal pulmonary metastases were identified from the surgical institutional databases of three Dutch major referral hospitals. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to determine survival.ResultsSeventeen patients underwent 20 salvage resections for local recurrence of colorectal pulmonary metastases. All patients had a progressive lesion on consecutive CT scans, with local uptake on 18fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG‐PET CT), and were discussed in a thoracic oncology tumor board. Median time to local recurrence following SABR was 20 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 13−29). Fourteen procedures were performed minimally invasively. Extensive adhesions were observed during three procedures. A Clavien–Dindo grade III–IV complication occurred after four resections (20%). The 90‐day mortality was 0%. The estimated median overall survival and progression‐free survival following salvage resection were 71 months (confidence intervals [CI]: 50–92) and 39 months (CI: 19–58), respectively. Salvage resections were significantly more extensive, compared to the potential resection assessed on pre‐SABR imaging.ConclusionsOur experience with 20 salvage pulmonary metastasectomy procedures for local recurrences following SABR in colorectal cancer patients demonstrates that salvage resection is a feasible option with acceptable morbidity and good oncological outcome in a highly selected cohort.
When reality backfires: Product evaluation context and the effectiveness of augmented reality in e‐commerce
Authors: Pfaff Alexander , Spann Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) enables consumers to project product holograms into their surrounding real‐world context in real time using their mobile devices. Although AR may improve online consumers' product evaluation, AR‐deploying retailers give up control over the context in which their products are evaluated. As a result, AR retailers' products might end up being evaluated in unfavorable contexts, such as disorganized rooms. Negative spillover effects from such unfavorable AR contexts onto the perceptions of evaluated products may lead consumers to refrain from purchasing the products. In two online experiments and a controlled field study with a total of 1000 participants, we find that unfavorable AR contexts negatively affect consumers' product‐related purchase intention. This relationship is serially mediated by processing disfluency and deteriorating product quality perceptions of consumers. The negative contextual effects are mitigated if the product under evaluation is of unique design and thus more conceptually fluent or if the AR context becomes less perceptually salient and thus the product more perceptually fluent. We discuss diminished reality and facilitated product comparisons via AR as potential countermeasures for AR retailers and provide suggestions for future research.
Compact groove‐loaded rectangular horn with equal dual‐polarization elliptical beams for reflector antenna application
Authors: Wang Hao , Shi Jinwen , Zhang Qiaoshan , Tao Xiao , Liu Jia , Lv Qingli , Liang Ruixiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel dual‐polarization (DP) rectangular horn with equal elliptical beams for synthetic aperture radar application is proposed. The DP elliptical beams with same beam width are achieved by loading groove with coupling gap in the rectangular horn narrow side. The key parameters of the proposed horn are analyzed and a prototype operated at S band is fabricated and measured. Good agreements between simulated and measured results are obtained. What's more, an elliptical reflector antenna based on the proposed horn feed array is devised. Compared with the common rectangular horn, the reflector with the proposed horn owns better DP radiation performance.