bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer disease incidence increases with country‐level intake of Omega‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Ciesielski Timothy H , Durodoye Razaq O , Tosto Giuseppe , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A , Haines Jonathan L. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Williams Scott M 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from diverse fields implicates lipid dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, lipid consumption at the individual level does not vary greatly within most study cohorts, and multiple lipids are rarely well‐measured concurrently. In contrast, mean lipid intakes at the country‐level can be precisely estimated and can vary substantially across countries. These can be compared to annual age‐standardized Alzheimer Disease incidence (ASAIR) to assess the role of lipid consumption in population risk.MethodsMean country‐level lipid intake estimates were compared to ASAIR in 183 countries across all 6 inhabited continents. Penalized spline regression analysis including a lag between intake and incidence was used to assess nonlinearities in the relationships between 5 lipids and ASAIR. We then used multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models to quantify the linear portions of these relationships. Validation was conducted using longitudinal within‐country changes between 1990 and 2019.ResultsBivariate penalized spline regression analyses revealed non‐linearity in the relationships between saturated‐fat, trans‐fat, dietary cholesterol and ASAIR. For each lipid, ASAIR increased with increasing intake up to a threshold, however in the lower‐powered longitudinal validation attempts these associations in the low‐intake range were not significant. Omega3 and Omega6 Polyunsaturated‐Fatty‐Acids (PUFA) exhibited linear relationships between intake and ASAIR in the spline analyses. The multivariable‐adjusted linear regression model revealed a positive association between Omega6‐PUFA (as a % of total energy intake) and ASAIR (β = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.19; p = 1.38×10−9). Longitudinal analyses comparing the percent change in the country‐level intake from 1990 to 2010 to the percent change in ASAIR from 1990 to 2019 further supported the direction and significance of this relationship (β = 0.036; 95%CI: 0.015, 0.057; p = 8.21×10−4).ConclusionsOur results indicate that higher levels of Omega6 PUFA consumption associate with increased incidence of AD globally. From a public health point of view, national recommendations or policy to decrease Omega6 PUFA consumption could have substantial benefits in reducing the burden of AD. The scale of benefits will vary by country, but in the US alone our results predict that a 2 SD decrease in mean Omega‐6 PUFA intake would reduce ASAIR by 8% (∼28,000 incident cases).
The relationship between submaximal measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, brain structure, and cognition in older adults
Authors: Key Mickeal N , White Sydney , Zweydoff Rebekah , Hawes Tara , Billinger Sandra A , Szabo‐Reed Amanda , Vidoni Eric D 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been repeatedly linked to healthy brain and cognitive outcomes in aging. Treadmill‐based graded maximal exercise testing (GXT) is a common technique for measuring CRF in exercise studies. Because it is often challenging for older adults to reach the commonly accepted criterion measure of oxygen consumption, alternate, submaximal measures have been explored. The relationship between submaximal assessments of CRF, cognition, and brain health has not been extensively studied. One that tracks well with peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) is the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), the regression slope between maximum oxygen consumption and the log of minute ventilation. We hypothesize that OUES will be associated with 1) medial temporal, parietal, and occipital structural brain regions and 2) attentional control, processing speed, and visuospatial function.MethodIn an ongoing exercise trial,163 older adults (age = 71.06 (4.18), 73.1% female, 19.2% from historically under‐represented populations) underwent baseline testing. As part of a broader physical function assessment, peak VO2peak was measured during a treadmill‐based GXT, and OUES was calculated based on 100% of exercise time. Structural MRI scans and scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery were also collected.ResultVO2peak and OUES were positively associated with several hippocampal, medial temporal, and occipital volumetric measures, with VO2peak only tracking with gray matter segments and OUES tracking with both gray and white matter segments of these regions. Overall, the associations with brain volume were stronger for OUES than for VO2peak. Both VO2peak and OUES were positively associated with visuospatial function.ConclusionOur study is one of few to examine the relationship between OUES, brain volume, and cognition. Though both OUES and peak VO2peak were associated with visuospatial function, OUES was associated with more brain regions and brain tissue types. One possible interpretation is that OUES may account for more variance in CRF, making it less likely to be skewed by individual differences across participants and creating a more robust association with related brain and psychological testing measures. This could potentially make OUES a valuable measure for exercise interventions for improving brain health and cognition in clinical populations.
Association of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Incident Dementia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from a Heart‐Brain Registry
Authors: Saeed Anum , Zhu Jianhui , Thoma Floyd , Lopez Oscar L. , Pascoal Tharick Ali , Mulukutla Suresh , Cohen Ann D , Reis Steven E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLow levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) are a risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ASCVD can increase the risk for dementia. However, the link between HDL‐C and incidence of dementia remain less clear specifically in women. We investigated the association of HDL‐C and dementia incidence in a contemporary healthcare network electronic health record (EHR) based registry of patients with known ASCVD, stratified by sex.MethodsData were abstracted from EHR (2010‐20) in patients ≥50y) with known ASCVD (coronary revascularization or coronary artery bypass grafting) and followed for dementia incidence (based on ICD9/10 codes). Baseline HDL‐C levels risk (for dementia incidence was assessed using Cox proportional hazard ratios across follow up period, adjusted for traditional ASCVD risk factors and statin use. Chi‐square test was used for sex‐stratified analysis.ResultsAmong 47,210 patients (70% men vs 30% women; p <0.001) with established ASCVD, 1,725 (3.7%) new dementia cases were documented over a median follow up of ∼5 yr. Women had a higher risk of dementia incidence (HR 1.26, 95% CI [1.13‐1.39] p<0.001) [Figure] and a higher mean HDL‐C (47.7 ± 13.4 vs 41.8 ± 12.5 mg/dL, p<0.001) compared to men.In categorical analysis, lower HDL‐C was associated with an elevated risk of dementia incidence [HRHDL‐c <40vs ≥60: 0.81; (95% CI: 0.67‐0.98); p‐value 0.03]. However, when stratified by sex, lower HDL‐C was associated with increased risk of dementia incidence for men (p for interaction <0.05) [Table].ConclusionThe relationship of high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with dementia incidence was sex dependent in this contemporary patient cohort of known ASCVD. More research is needed to evaluate the lipoprotein profiles of patients with ASCVD who are at higher risk for dementia.
Respiratory volume changes and CSF circulation during human NREM sleep
Authors: Lee Jeyeon , Lim Seokbeen , Kandimalla Mahathi , Ghatamaneni Sujala , Thakkar Jay , Dewan Sannidhi , Cogswell Petrice M , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Botha Hugo , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Yook Soonhyun , Kim Hosung , McCarter Stuart J , Park John G , St. Louis Erik K , Mantilla Carlos , Huston John , Lowe Val J. , Min Hoon‐Ki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSleep’s crucial role in maintaining brain health is increasingly recognized, particularly due to the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. It not only supports cognitive function but also aids in clearing brain metabolic waste through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. During sleep, especially in the non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) phase, CSF flow increases, essential for removing neurotoxic substances like amyloid‐beta proteins. This study explores the link between sleep respiratory patterns and CSF flow promotion.MethodElectroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were simultaneously acquired during sleep from Gu, et al. (n = 29) (Gu et al. 2022). Respiration, measured via a respiratory belt, calculated respiratory volume (RV) as the standard deviation within a 5 second sliding window. EEG data processed delta band power (1‐4Hz) averaged across channels. Parcellated fMRI data using the brain template followed by the calculation of the averaged gray matter (GM) blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal using the GM mask. CSF inflow was manually extracted from the fMRI’s bottom slice at the foramen magnum level. Subsequently, all signals were temporally aligned to the peak of the CSF inflow signal.ResultAt the time of CSF inflow (time = 0 sec. in the Figure 1A‐D), we observed an earlier increase in RV and EEG delta power, followed by changes in the GM BOLD signal (Figure 1). EEG and RV changes preceded the BOLD signal changes, which, in turn, preceded changes in CSF flow. Sensitivity to detect RV involvement during MRI varied with the placement of the respiratory belt, being least sensitive on the chest and more on the abdomen.ConclusionThese findings raise an interesting question on the role respiratory patterns during sleep, particularly in the NREM phase. Speculatively, RV change may influence CSF circulation during NREM sleep (Figure 1E). This enhancement in CSF flow is crucial for the clearance of metabolic waste from the brain, potentially reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings indicate that respiratory volume may serve as a significant marker for CSF circulation during sleep.
Household Crowding and Neurocognitive Performance in a Cohort of Middle‐Aged Latina Women: The CHAMACOS Maternal Cognition Study
Authors: Torres Jacqueline M , Calderon Lucia , Kogut Katherine , Rodriguez Maria Teresa , Romero Monica , Garcia Lizari , Rocha Yesli Perez , Rojas Nadia , Rojas‐Saunero Liliana Paloma , Eskenazi Brenda , González Hector M 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHousehold crowding is a longstanding focus of public health research; there is growing interest in its impact on dementia risk. In the US, household crowding is prevalent among low‐income immigrant communities that have historically been excluded from dementia research. We evaluated the relationship between household crowding and neurocognitive performance among a novel cohort of middle‐aged and primarily immigrant Latinas living in an underserved agricultural community and whether mental health or sleep duration might serve as potential mechanisms.MethodWe used data from the 2022‐2023 CHAMACOS Maternal Cognition Study (n = 513). Household crowding (yes/no) was measured as with binary indicators of > 1 person per habitable room (ppr) and > 2 people per bedroom (ppb); we also considered continuous versions of these measures and the number of household residents < 18 years. Global and domain‐specific cognitive performance z‐scores were measured using the SOL‐INCA cognitive performance battery. Respondents also completed the 10‐item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies ‐ Depression and the 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scales. Self‐reported hours of nightly sleep were calculated from typical sleep and wake times. We estimated linear regression models controlling for socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultParticipants had a mean age of 48.8 years (SD: 5.2); 22.4%‐20.9% experienced household crowding depending on the metric (> 1 ppr; > 2 ppb). Household crowding (> 1 ppr) was associated with poorer memory (Coef: ‐0.20, 95% CI: ‐0.39, ‐0.02), executive function (Coef: ‐0.21, 95% CI: ‐0.32, ‐0.09), verbal fluency (Coef: ‐0.18, 95% CI: ‐0.33, 0.01) and global cognitive performance (Coef: ‐0.19, 95% CI: ‐0.31, ‐0.07) z‐scores. Associations were consistent when using alternative household crowding measures. Household crowding was also associated with fewer hours of sleep (Coef: ‐0.45, 95% CI: ‐0.80, ‐0.11), although associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms were null.ConclusionWe observed meaningful associations between household crowding and neurocognitive performance scores among middle‐aged Latina women, with sleep duration as a potential underlying mechanism. Household crowding may be a predictor of future dementia risk and dementia inequities. Reduction of household crowding may be an amenable to population and community‐level intervention (e.g. housing and economic policies) to improve adult cognitive functioning.
Baduanjin Qigong exercise intervention improves subjective and objective cognitive functioning: the moderation and mediation effects of sleep
Authors: Yang Yi , Shi Haoer , Liu Jianghong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundBaduanjin exercise showed beneficial effects on cognition among older adults, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to further examine potential mediation or moderation roles of sleep improvements on the intervention effects in cognition.MethodIn our 10‐week intervention trial with control group, a total of 78 (intervention: n = 47, control: n = 31) older Chinese American adults in a senior daycare center were included. Objective cognition was measured by the computerized memory test. Subjective cognition was assessed by the cognitive function subscale of the Sub‐health Measurement Scale (SHMS). Sleep was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The SPSS PROCESS macro was used for moderation and mediation analyses, with the post‐pre differences in sleep and cognition used as moderator or mediator and outcome, respectively.ResultCompared to the control group, the Baduanjin Qigong intervention significantly predicted improvements in subjective and objective cognition for poor sleepers, while having no effect on good sleepers. Improvements in sleep quality significantly mediated the intervention effects on subjective cognition among populations with higher education (indirect effect: β = ‐.320, CI: [‐.717, ‐.041]) and less exercise (indirect effect: β = ‐.133, CI: [‐.573, .259]), while the direct effect of intervention remained significant.ConclusionIn conclusion, Baduanjin exercise improved cognitive functioning in older Chinese American immigrants, particularly among those with poor sleep. Sleep quality played a mediating role, especially among individuals with higher education and less exercise. Our results shed light on future interventions in helping identify targeted mediating/moderating factors of Baduanjin interventions.
Multidisciplinary patient‐centered program implemented in a psychogeriatric unit in Brazil:Caregiver Burden Outcomes
Authors: Buchain Patricia Cardoso , Bassitt Debora Pastore , Alves Tania Correa de Toledo Ferraz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCaregiver burden is the result of dealing with the dependency of the subject who needs attention and care. Caregivers of people with neuropsychiatric disease could experience emotional, physical and financial stress. The literature shows that the caregiver burden can negatively impact both, the caregiver and the patient. According to evidence, psychosocial interventions may decrease BPSD, depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. At Institute of Psychiatry USP Medical School, Brazil we offer psychosocial interventions by a multidisciplinary team in a transitional care service (day‐hospital unit). In this report we will analyse the impact of this intervention in caregiver burden.MethodThe program involves interventions at day‐hospital offering management of psychoactive drug treatment, prevention and care of geriatric neuropsychiatric syndromes, and support to family caregivers, for approximately two months. There are groups and individual interventions lead by a multidisciplinary team: medical team, nurse, psychologist, speech therapist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, nutritionist and social worker. After an initial assessment an individualised care plan is established and also the caregivers are involved in the focus of intervention. The care related to caregivers involves psychoeducation, organising routine, strategies to manage BPSD and emotional support. To assess caregiver burden we use the Zarit scale. The intervention to caregivers involves psychoeducation groups (60‐90 min), and individual sessions.ResultThere were 30 consecutive admissions between march and december 2023, the main diagnosis at admission were depression and dementia. The mean age of the patients 71,24, gender 19 female, 11 male. Admission mean Zarit was 36,23 and discharged 28,84.ConclusionThe therapeutic program demonstrates efficiently to caregivers in order to adapt to behaviour changes and develop a successful daily routine care at home and decreased caregiver burden. Our findings demonstrated that this patient‐centered program results in reducing burden from /moderate to severe/ to /mild to moderate/. The present intervention is an important strategy to assist caregivers.
Advanced Cognitive Impairment Outpatient Clinic and the importance of multidisciplinary care in the care of patients with advanced dementia
Authors: Hassem Carolina Saad , Souza Ana Carolina Borges de Miranda , Athias Rafael Tobias , Gonçalves Natália Mira , dos Reis João Otavio Sá , Jacob‐Filho Wilson , Morillo Lilian Schafirovits 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDementia is characterized by a chronic and progressive loss of cognitive function in the absence of a fluctuating level of consciousness. Alzheimer’s disease is the main etiology of dementia, presenting insidiously and causing progressive cognitive impairment with increasing severity over the years. Given the immense complexity of managing patients with advanced dementia, the Advanced Cognitive Impairment Outpatient Clinic (ACIOC) of the Geriatric Service of the Internal Medicine Division of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP) was created in April 2008, which aimes to monitor elderly patients referred from other outpatient clinics, with moderate to advanced dementia, for multidisciplinary follow‐up: doctor, speech therapist, occupational therapist and dentist. Given the complexity of patients with advanced dementia, each patient is assessed, in person, on average, 4 times a year.MethodTo describe the functioning and sample of patients that make up the ACIOC, according to data collected via electronic medical records between August 2018 and January 2024.ResultElectronic medical records were implemented in August 2018. Data taken from records indicate that 246 patients were assisted between August 2018 and January 2024, with an average age of 79.10 years. The majority of patients were white (60%), female (65%) and had 5 years of schooling, on average. The main comorbidities were: hypertension (40%), coronary artery disease (40%) and diabetes mellitus (17%). Regarding the etiology of dementia, Alzheimer’s was the most prevalent (28%), followed by Vascular (15%), Mixed (12%), Frontotemporal (5%), LBD (4,8%) and 23% of patients did not have diagnosis. Regarding the treatment carried out, 61% were treated with anticholinesterases, 59% with antidepressants, 53% with antipsychotics and 46% with memantine.ConclusionThe data obtained highlights the importance of ACIOC in dementia care, especially for those residing in São Paulo / Brazil. This study seeks not only to contribute to the understanding of dementia in the Brazilian context, but also emphasizes the need to share these findings to improve services offered in other institutions dedicated to the care of these patients.
Technology Use Amongst Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment: Results from the ‘Validation of Video Administration of a Modified UDSv3 Cognitive Battery (VCog)’ Study
Authors: Sachs Bonnie C. , Latham Lauren , Craft Suzanne , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Clark Lindsay R. , Duff Kevin , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Goldstein Felicia , Hampstead Benjamin M. , Jayadev Suman , Jicha Gregory A , Kukull Walter A. , Mechanic‐Hamilton Dawn , Neugroschl Judith A. , Papp Kathryn V , Saykin Andrew J. , Sewell Margaret , Rapp Stephen R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundVideo interfacing is increasingly being used in research and health care. The ‘VCog’ Study seeks to determine whether remote research cognitive assessments are reliable and valid by directly comparing results from in‐person administration of a standardized cognitive battery to the same battery administered remotely by video. The study also assesses technology use and comfort amongst participants of varying levels of cognitive impairment.MethodsParticipants (Table 1) were recruited from 12 Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). 313 ADRC enrollees who were previously classified as having normal cognition (CN), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), or mild dementia were administered the Uniform Data Set v3 (UDSv3) cognitive battery remotely by video 4‐8 weeks before or after their annual in‐person UDSv3 cognitive assessments, in counterbalanced order. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing their typical use and confidence using various forms of technology.ResultsMore than 50% of participants reported daily‐to‐monthly use of technology, with 74‐92% of participants reporting daily smartphone use (Table 2). All participants reported moderate‐to‐high confidence when using technology (Range: 5.57‐8.10 on a 0‐10 scale, with 0 being ‘not confident at all’ and 10 being ‘extremely confident’). As expected, both frequency and confidence using technology varied with cognitive status; poorer cognitive status was typically associated with less usage and lower confidence (Table 3). Despite this, ‘dislike of video interfacing’ was not endorsed more frequently by those with cognitive impairment as the reason for study refusal (dementia = 8%; MCI = 13%; CN = 18% of total refusals).ConclusionTechnology is rapidly becoming a routine part of our lives though little is known about the relationship older adults have with it, especially those with cognitive impairment. This research indicates that among older adults of varied cognitive status, including dementia, both utilization and confidence in use are relatively high. Some group differences exist, with worse cognition being associated with less use and confidence. Despite this, persons with dementia were not likely to refuse participation because of dislike of videoconferencing. Future reports from the VCog study will report the validity and reliability of remote assessments.Funded by R01 AG075959