bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability with multiple grain sizes
Authors: Rucska J J , Wadsley J W 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Kilometre-sized planetesimals form from pebbles of a range of sizes. We present the first simulations of the streaming instability (SI) that begin with a realistic, peaked size distribution, as expected from grain growth predictions. Our 3D numerical simulations directly form planetesimals via the gravitational collapse of pebble clouds. Models with multiple grain sizes show spatially distinct dust populations. The smallest grains in the size distribution do not participate in the formation of filaments or the planetesimals that are formed by the remaining ∼80 per cent of the dust mass. This implies a size cutoff for pebbles incorporated into asteroids and comets. Disc observations cannot resolve this dust clumping. However, we show that clumping, combined with optical depth effects, can cause significant underestimates of the dust mass, with 20–80 per cent more dust being present even at moderate optical depths if the SI is active.
Cosmography from well-localized fast radio bursts
Authors: Fortunato Jéferson A S , Hipólito-Ricaldi Wiliam S , dos Santos Marcelo V 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses occurring at cosmological distances that have emerged as prominent cosmological probes due to their dispersion measure (DM) evolution with redshift. In this work, we use cosmography, a model-independent approach to describe the evolution of the Universe, to introduce the cosmographic expansion of the DM– z relation. By fitting two different models for the intergalactic medium and host contributions to a sample of 23 well-localized FRBs, we estimate the kinematic parameters $q_0=-0.59^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$, $j_0=1.08^{+0.62}_{-0.56}$, s0 = −2.1 ± 7.0, and H0 = 69.4 ± 4.7 achieving a precision of 6 per cent and 7 per cent for the Hubble constant depending on the models used for contributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can be used as an alternative and complementary cosmological model-independent method to revisit the long-standing ‘Missing Baryons’ problem in astrophysics by estimating that 82 per cent of the baryonic content of the Universe resides in the intergalactic medium, within 7 per cent and 8 per cent precision, according to the contribution models considered here. Our findings highlight the potential of FRBs as a valuable tool in cosmological research and underscore the importance of ongoing efforts to improve our understanding of these enigmatic events.
Pulsational pair-instability supernovae in gravitational-wave and electromagnetic transients
Authors: Hendriks D D , van Son L A C , Renzo M , Izzard R G , Farmer R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Current observations of binary black hole (BBH) merger events show support for a feature in the primary BH-mass distribution at $\sim \, 35 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, previously interpreted as a signature of pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISNe). Such supernovae are expected to map a wide range of pre-supernova carbon–oxygen (CO) core masses to a narrow range of BH masses, producing a peak in the BH mass distribution. However, recent numerical simulations place the mass location of this peak above $50 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Motivated by uncertainties in the progenitor’s evolution and explosion mechanism, we explore how modifying the distribution of BH masses resulting from PPISN affects the populations of gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) transients. To this end, we simulate populations of isolated BBH systems and combine them with cosmic star formation rates. Our results are the first cosmological BBH-merger predictions made using the binary_c rapid population synthesis framework. We find that our fiducial model does not match the observed GW peak. We can only explain the $35 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ peak with PPISNe by shifting the expected CO core-mass range for PPISN downwards by $\sim {}15 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Apart from being in tension with state-of-the art stellar models, we also find that this is likely in tension with the observed rate of hydrogen-less super-luminous supernovae. Conversely, shifting the mass range upward, based on recent stellar models, leads to a predicted third peak in the BH mass function at $\sim {}64 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Thus we conclude that the $\sim {}35 \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ feature is unlikely to be related to PPISN.
Daylength variation affects growth, photosynthesis, leaf metabolism, partitioning, and metabolic fluxes
Authors: Xu Yuan , Koroma Abubakarr A , Weise Sean E , Fu Xinyu , Sharkey Thomas D , Shachar-Hill Yair 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDaylength, a seasonal and latitudinal variable, exerts a substantial impact on plant growth. However, the relationship between daylength and growth is nonproportional, suggesting the existence of adaptive mechanisms. Thus, our study aimed to comprehensively investigate the adaptive strategies employed by plants in response to daylength variation. We grew false flax (Camelina sativa) plants, a model oilseed crop, under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions and used growth measurements, gas exchange measurements, and isotopic labeling techniques, including 13C, 14C, and 2H2O, to determine responses to different daylengths. Our findings revealed that daylength influences various growth parameters, photosynthetic physiology, carbon partitioning, metabolic fluxes, and metabolite levels. SD plants employed diverse mechanisms to compensate for reduced CO2 fixation in the shorter photoperiod. These mechanisms included enhanced photosynthetic rates and reduced respiration in the light (RL), leading to increased shoot investment. Additionally, SD plants exhibited reduced rates of the glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) shunt and greater partitioning of sugars into starch, thereby sustaining carbon availability during the longer night. Isotopic labeling results further demonstrated substantial alterations in the partitioning of amino acids and TCA cycle intermediates between rapidly and slowly turning over pools. Overall, the results point to multiple developmental, physiological, and metabolic ways in which plants adapt to different daylengths to maintain growth.
Urinary tract infections in long-term care
Authors: Wimmer Brenda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infections in long-term care (LTC) facilities, yet clinical judgment rather than evidence is most often used in evaluation and treatment. This article recounts the implementation of an evidence-based practice evaluation and treatment protocol at an LTC facility to reduce the number of residents with a UTI.
Closure of Long Surgical Incisions with Hemostatic Tissue Adhesive in a Porcine Skin Model
Authors: Neiman Ariel , Eshkol-Yogev Inbar , Keren Aviad , Foox Maytal , Pinkas Oded , Goldstein Nyra , Gilhar Amos , Zilberman Meital , Ullmann Yehuda 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Skin adhesives offer many advantages over traditional wound-closure devices. Recently, the current research group reported on tissue adhesives composed of natural polymers (gelatin and alginate), which are biocompatible with mechanical properties suitable for tissue adhesion. The objective of the present study was to conduct clinical and histologic assessment of this hemostatic bioadhesive in the healing of long skin incisions (≥4 cm) in comparison with traditional and commercially available methods.

METHODS
Researchers created 24 long incisions on the ventral side of two domestic pigs to compare four different treatment modalities: two topical bioadhesives based on gelatin and alginate combined with the hemostatic agent kaolin, nylon sutures, and commercial tissue adhesive N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The bioadhesive compounds were spread on the incision surface and then mixed either manually or with a double-headed syringe. After 14 days, clinical and histologic measurements were performed to evaluate the healing phase of the wounds.

RESULTS
The bioadhesive formulation that contained a relatively low crosslinker concentration demonstrated superior results to the formulation that contained a standard crosslinker concentration. However, no significant statistical differences were observed compared with the control incisions (sutures and commercial adhesive N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate). This was verified by immunohistochemical analysis for epithelial integrity and scar formation as well as by clinical assessment.

CONCLUSIONS
This newly developed bioadhesive demonstrated suitable properties for the closure of long incisions in a porcine skin model.
Genomic Biomarkers Can Provide a Deeper Understanding of Recurrent Pressure Injuries
Authors: Graves Letitia Y. , Schwartz Katelyn R. , Shiff Josie , Chan Ernest R. , Galea Marinella , Henzel Mary K. , Olney Christine , Bogie Kath M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To identify genetic biomarkers predisposing individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) to recurrent pressure injuries (PIs).

METHODS
Repeated measures of the transcriptome profile of veterans with SCI at three Veterans Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders Centers. Exclusion criteria included having significant active systemic disease at time of enrollment. Researchers obtained comprehensive profiles of clinical and health factors and demographic information relevant to PI history at enrollment and at each follow-up visit by reviewing patients’ medical charts. Whole blood samples were collected at 6- to 12-month intervals for 2 to 4 years. In addition to DNA profiling with whole genome sequencing of the patients, RNA sequencing was performed to assess pathways associated with PI risk.

RESULTS
Whole genome sequencing analysis identified 260 genes that showed increased prevalence of single-nucleotide variations in exonic regions with high (>20) combined annotation-dependent depletion scores between persons with high versus low intramuscular adipose tissue levels when cross-referenced with persons who had recurrent PIs. Gene set enrichment analysis using Hallmark and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) gene sets of these candidate genes revealed enrichment in genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism (P < .01). Further, RNA sequencing revealed upregulated activity in biological senescence pathways and downregulated activity in antimicrobial protection pathways.

CONCLUSIONS
Genomic biomarkers may complement electronic health records to support management of complex interactive health issues such as risk of recurrent PIs in people with SCI. These findings may also be leveraged for homogeneous phenotypic grouping of higher-risk individuals.
Finite Element Tissue Strains Computation to Evaluate the Mechanical Protection Provided by a New Bilayer Dressing for Heel Pressure Injuries
Authors: Fougeron Nolwenn , Chagnon Gregory , Connesson Nathanael , Alonso Thierry , Pasquinet Laurent , Auguste Stephane , Perrier Antoine , Payan Yohan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Pressure injuries (PIs) result in an extended duration of care and increased risks of complications for patients. When treating a PI, the aim is to hinder further PI development and speed up the healing time. Urgo RID recently developed a new bilayer dressing to improve the healing of stages 2 and 3 heel PIs. This study aims to numerically investigate the efficiency of this new bilayer dressing to reduce strains around the PI site.

METHODS
The researchers designed three finite element models based on the same heel data set to compare the Green-Lagrange compressive and maximal shear strains in models without a PI, with a stage 2 PI, and with a stage 3 PI. Simulations with and without the dressing were computed. Analysis of the results was performed in terms of strain clusters, defined as volumes of tissues with high shear and compressive strains.

RESULTS
Decreases in the peak and mean values of strains were low in all three models, between 0% and 20%. However, reduction of the strain cluster volumes was high and ranged from 55% to 68%.

CONCLUSIONS
The cluster analysis enables the robust quantitative comparison of finite element analysis. Results suggest that use of the new bilayer dressing may reduce strain around the PI site and that this dressing could also be used in a prophylactic manner. Results should be extended to a larger cohort of participants.
A Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Partial Small Bowel Resection
Authors: Wang Jianing , Jiang Shiyao , Shi Xin , Li Wenlin , Yu Qianchun , Pan Ting , Mu Yuzhu , Chen Lingling 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, noninfectious inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the skin and mucous membranes. The development of PG after partial small bowel resection is very rare and can initially resemble an infectious complication, although it is an inflammatory disease.
This report presents the case of a 55-year-old man who underwent partial small bowel resection for incomplete intestinal obstruction and developed postoperative infection-like manifestations, including redness and swelling of the incision, severe pain, and yellow-green turbid fluid from the drainage tube. After completing a skin biopsy that suggested massive neutrophil infiltration, multiple secretion cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (+), and systemic screening without other comorbidities, a diagnosis of postoperative PG and P aeruginosa infection was determined.
Early detection of this complication is essential for patient recovery because primary surgical treatment, which is contraindicated in such cases, can worsen PG. Therefore, PG should be treated conservatively with corticosteroids.
Novel Validated Five-point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of Static and Dynamic Forehead Lines
Authors: Lim Tingsong , Kerscher Martina , Ogilvie Alexandra , Pavicic Tatjana , Lorenc Paul Z. , Frank Konstantin , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Pooth Rainer , Hernandez Claudia 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The objective of this investigation was to create and validate five-point photonumeric scales which assess static and dynamic forehead lines.

Methods:
Two different novel five-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of static and dynamic forehead lines were developed. Moreover, a photoguide was created, including subjects from both sexes, all age groups, and different Fitzpatrick skin types. A total of 11 raters from all over the world were involved in the digital validation, whereas four raters performed a live validation.

Results:
The Croma Static Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in both the digital and the live setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–0.89] in the first digital rating and 0.82 [95% CI: 0.78–0.86] in the second digital rating. The Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in the digital setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 [95% CI: 0.79–0.86] in the first digital rating and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.75–0.84] in the second rating and almost substantial agreement in the live setting.

Conclusions:
The Croma Static Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale and the Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines–Assessment Scale have excellent inter and intra-rater agreements to be justifiably used in the clinical and study setting, both digitally and live across ethnic groups.
Beetroot juice, exercise, and cardiovascular function in women planning to conceive
Authors: Osman Mubarak M.A. , Mullins Edward , Kleprlikova Hana , Wilkinson Ian B. , Lees Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
Prepregnancy optimization of cardiovascular function may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effect of preconception cardiovascular monitoring, exercise, and beetroot juice on cardiovascular parameters in women planning to conceive.

Design and method:
Prospective single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two women, aged 18–45 years, were allocated into one of four arms (1 : 1 : 1 : 1): exercise, beetroot juice, exercise plus beetroot juice and no intervention for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at home daily. Cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were assessed via bio-impedance.

Results:
Twenty-nine out of 32 (91%) participants completed the study. Adherence to daily BP and weight measurements were 81% and 78%, respectively (n = 29). Eight out of 15 (53%) of participants did not drink all the provided beetroot juice because of forgetfulness and taste. After 12 weeks, exercise was associated with a reduction in standing TPR (−278 ± 0.272 dynes s cm−5, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.88 ± 0.71 l/min, P < 0.05). Exercise and beetroot juice together was associated with a reduction in standing DBP ( 7 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.49 ± 0.66 l/min, P < 0.05). The control group showed a reduction in standing TPR ( 313 ± 387 dynes s cm−5) and standing DBP ( 8 ± 5mmHg). All groups gained weight.

Conclusion:
Exercise and beetroot juice in combination showed a signal towards improving cardiovascular parameters. The control group showed improvements, indicating that home measurement devices and regular recording of parameters are interventions in themselves. Nevertheless, interventions before pregnancy to improve cardiovascular parameters may alter the occurrence of hypertensive conditions during pregnancy and require further investigation in adequately powered studies.
A real-world analysis of outcomes and healthcare costs of patients on perindopril/indapamide/amlodipine single-pill vs. multiple-pill combination in Italy
Authors: Snyman Jacques R. , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Degli Esposti Luca , Jayagopal Pathiyil Balagopalan , Konradi Alexandra O. , Perrone Valentina , Borghi Claudio 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
This analysis compared adherence, cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality incidence, and healthcare costs among hypertensive patients treated with perindopril (PER)/indapamide (IND)/amlodipine (AML) in single-pill combination (SPC) vs. multiple-pill combination, in a real-world setting in Italy.

Methods:
In this observational retrospective analysis of Italian administrative databases, adult patients treated with PER/IND/AML between 2010 and 2020 were divided into two cohorts: single-pill vs. multiple-pill. Patient data were available for at least one year before and after index date. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce selection bias. Adherence was defined as proportion of days covered: non-adherence, <40%; partial adherence, 40–79%, and adherence ≥80%. Mortality incidence and CV events as single, or composite, endpoints were evaluated after first year of follow-up. Healthcare cost analyses were performed from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service.

Results:
Following PSM, the single-pill cohort included 12 150 patients, and the multiple-pill cohort, 6105. The SPC cohort had a significantly higher percentage of adherent patients vs. the multiple-pill cohort (59.9% vs. 26.9%, P < 0.001). Following the first year of follow-up, incidence of all-cause mortality, and combined endpoint of all-cause mortality and CV events were lower in the SPC cohort compared with multiple-pill cohort. Average annual direct healthcare costs were lower in the single-pill cohort (€2970) vs. multiple-pill cohort (€3642); cost of all drugs and all-cause hospitalizations were major contributors.

Conclusion:
The SPC of PER/IND/AML, compared with multiple-pill combination, is associated with higher adherence to medication, lower incidence of CV events and mortality, and reduced healthcare costs.
Insights into spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome with review of intraocular and orbital findings
Authors: Milner Dallin C. , Subramanian Prem S. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) remains a phenomenological term, and advances in ophthalmic imaging as well as new insights from ground-based experiments have given support to new theories of how SANS develops and what may be done to counter it.

Recent findings
SANS has been postulated to arise from elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF). However, recent work has shown that acute microgravity exposure does not increase ICP, and the effect of cephalad fluid shifts on ICP in microgravity remain unknown. In addition, structural imaging of the retina and optic nerve show changes after LDSF that are distinct from findings in terrestrial patients with elevated ICP. Since astronauts have not reported symptoms that would be expected with chronic ICP elevation, new theories that orbital and/or intracranial venous pressure may be the primary contributors to the development of SANS.

Summary
Research has been filling knowledge gaps that exist regarding the cause(s) of SANS, and these advances are crucial steps in the effort to design countermeasures that will be required before human deep space exploration missions can be undertaken.
Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Rachapudi Sruti S. , Laylani Noor A. , Davila-Siliezar Pamela A. , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
To review the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS).

Recent findings
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 individuals, but its true prevalence may be underestimated because of variable clinical presentations and limited awareness among healthcare professionals. The neuro-ophthalmic features of EDS may be difficult to recognize in context but new molecular genetic testing is now available for identification of specific subtypes of EDS.

Summary
Ophthalmic manifestations of EDS include loss of vision and double vision (strabismus), high myopia, retinal detachment, and blue sclera. The vascular subtype of EDS can present as a carotid-cavernous fistula, intracranial aneurysm, or arterial dissection.
Outcomes of radiocarpal pinning to facilitate nerve repair in wrist-level ulnar nerve injuries with defect
Authors: Lo I-Ning , Yin Cheng-Yu , Huang Hui-Kuang , Huang Yi-Chao , Wang Jung-Pan 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The ideal scenario for ulnar nerve repair is primary end-to-end neurorrhaphy in a tension-free environment. However, this could be complicated by soft tissue loss, scarring, and neuroma formation in a delayed injury, creating a nerve defect. With a wrist-level nerve defect, a flexion position can help shorten the nerve gap; however, maintaining the position can be challenging intraoperatively and postoperatively.

Methods:
Previously, we proposed our method of using a 1.6-mm K wire for radius-lunate-capitate pinning of the wrist in flexion to minimize the nerve gap, thereby facilitating neuroma excision and end-to-end neurorrhaphy in delayed ulnar nerve injury. In this study, we elaborate our method and present our case series.

Results:
From October 2018 to July 2020, five patients (mean age: 48.2 years; mean delay from injury to surgery: 84.6 days; mean follow-up: 17.5 months) were retrospectively reviewed. The mean flexion fixation angle was 52°, and the K wire was removed at an average of 5.1 weeks postoperatively. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. All patients achieved M4 and S3 or S3+ neurologically (according to the criteria of the Nerve Injuries Committee of the British Medical Research Council). The mean disabilities arm, shoulder, and hand score was 14.1. The mean grasp and pinch strengths were, respectively, 76.8% and 63.6% of the contralateral hand. All wrist range of motion returned to normal within 12 weeks. No complications were noted intraoperatively or postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that radiocarpal pinning of the wrist in flexion was safe and convenient to minimize the nerve gap and to facilitate end-to-end neurorrhaphy in limited-sized wrist-level ulnar nerve defects.