bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YoNet: A Neural Network for Yoga Pose Classification
Authors: Ashraf Faisal Bin , Islam Muhammad Usama , Kabir Md Rayhan , Uddin Jasim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractYoga has become an integral part of human life to maintain a healthy body and mind in recent times. With the growing, fast-paced life and work from home, it has become difficult for people to invest time in the gymnasium for exercises. Instead, they like to do assisted exercises at home where pose recognition techniques play the most vital role. Recognition of different poses is challenging due to proper dataset and classification architecture. In this work, we have proposed a deep learning-based model to identify five different yoga poses from comparatively fewer amounts of data. We have compared our model’s performance with some state-of-the-art image classification models-ResNet, InceptionNet, InceptionResNet, Xception and found our architecture superior. Our proposed architecture extracts spatial, and depth features from the image individually and considers them for further calculation in classification. The experimental results show that it achieved 94.91% accuracy with 95.61% precision.
Different responses of agroecosystem greenhouse gas emissions to tillage practices in a Chinese wheat–maize cropping system
Authors: Li Zhaoxin , Zhang Qiuying , Li Zhao , Qiao Yunfeng , Du Kun , Yue Zewei , Tian Chao , Leng Peifang , Cheng Hefa , Chen Gang , Li Fadong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of intensified agriculture, conservation practices are gradually being implemented in Chinese wheat–maize cropping systems. However, the effects of different tillage practices on agricultural field GHG emissions and subsequent global warming potential (GWP) are poorly documented. In this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to assess the effects of tillage on the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and eventually GWP. Compared to conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT) significantly decreased CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions by 35.43%, 67.33%, 339.07%, respectively, which resulted in a decrease of 37.25% in GWP during three annual cycles. Based on the results of this study, soil could potentially act as a net source of CO2 and CH4 under both CT and NT, and a net sink of N2O under NT. Annually, non-growing season contributed 16.9%, 15.6%, and 13.8% soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes, and 16.6% GWP under CT and 17.3%, 16.4%, 21.6%, and 17.3% under NT, respectively. Compared to CT, NT improved the aboveground biomass and grain yields of wheat by 21.3% and 13.3% from averaged results, respectively; no significant differences were found for maize yields. Although principal component analysis showed that soil temperature had higher correlations with CO2 emissions and GWP as compared to soil moisture, soil moisture affected GHG emissions more than soil temperature as demonstrated by the structural equation model. The modeling analysis found that NT increased soil moisture, pH, and bulk density, thus increasing soil organic carbon and decreasing total nitrogen content, eventually inhibiting GHG emissions. This research demonstrated that NT had the potential to mitigate GHG emissions, yet stability needed further investigation on long-term scales.∙
Graphical Abstract
Association between a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a representative cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Rong , Chien Kuo-Liong , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Wang Yi-Jie , Hsu Le-Yin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Taiwanese individuals. Data were collected using a nationwide cohort study (2001–15) from the Triple-High Database. Dietary intake was assessed using the twenty-group food frequency questionnaire and used to calculate alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression were used to derive dietary patterns, with incident T2DM as the outcome. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards (Cox PH) regression analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 4705 participants were enrolled in the study, and 995 had newly developed T2DM during the median 5⋅28-year follow-up period (30⋅7 per 1000 person-years). Six dietary patterns were extracted (PCA: Western, prudent, dairy and plant-based; PLS: health-conscious, fish-vegetable and fruit-seafood). The highest aMED score quartile had a 25 % (hazard ratio 0⋅75; 95 % CI 0⋅61, 0⋅92; P = 0⋅039) lower risk of T2DM than the lowest quartile. This association remained significant after adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio 0⋅74; 95 % CI 0⋅60, 0⋅91; P = 0⋅010), and no effect modifier was found for aMED. The DASH scores, PCA and PLS dietary patterns were not significant after adjustment. In conclusion, high adherence to a MED-type dietary pattern by Taiwanese foods was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in the Taiwanese population, regardless of unhealthy lifestyle habits.
Mendelian randomization as a tool to inform drug development using human genetics
Authors: Daghlas Iyas , Gill Dipender 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrug development is essential to the advancement of human health, however, the process is slow, costly, and at high risk of failure at all stages. A promising strategy for expediting and improving the probability of success in the drug development process is the use of naturally randomized human genetic variation for drug target identification and validation. These data can be harnessed using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analytic paradigm to proxy the lifelong consequences of genetic perturbations of drug targets. In this review, we discuss the myriad applications of the MR paradigm for human drug target identification and validation. We review the methodology and applications of MR, key limitations of MR, and potential future opportunities for research. Throughout the review, we refer to illustrative examples of MR analyses investigating the consequences of genetic inhibition of interleukin 6 signaling which, in some cases, have anticipated results from randomized controlled trials. As human genetic data become more widely available, we predict that MR will serve as a key pillar of support for drug development efforts.
The role of telephone clinics in ENT
Authors: Brimioulle M , Arih I , Pervaiz A , Patel W , Davies A , Sekyi-Djan M , Qureishi A , Chaidas K 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis quality improvement project assessed the outcomes of telephone consultations for ENT patients in order to identify areas where telephone consultations may be useful in the long term.MethodNew ENT patient appointments in May 2019 and May 2020 were reviewed. Total outcomes as well as subspecialty-specific and presentation-specific outcomes were compared for telephone versus face-to-face consultations.ResultsThere were 638 consultations in total (465 in 2019 and 173 in 2020). Following telephone consultations, more patients were followed up and fewer patients were listed for surgery or discharged. Overall outcomes for subspecialties followed the general trend, albeit with a few variations.ConclusionLack of clinical examination in telephone consultations likely affects confidence in making a diagnosis and therefore discharging or listing patients for surgery. Nevertheless, looking at specialty-specific and presentation-specific data, there may be a role for telephone consultations in selected patients.
A computational neuroimaging study of reinforcement learning and goal-directed exploration in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Culbreth A. J. , Schwartz E. K. , Frank M. J. , Brown E. C. , Xu Z. , Chen S. , Gold J. M. , Waltz J. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrior evidence indicates that negative symptom severity and cognitive deficits, in people with schizophrenia (PSZ), relate to measures of reward-seeking and loss-avoidance behavior (implicating the ventral striatum/VS), as well as uncertainty-driven exploration (reliant on rostrolateral prefrontal cortex/rlPFC). While neural correlates of reward-seeking and loss-avoidance have been examined in PSZ, neural correlates of uncertainty-driven exploration have not. Understanding neural correlates of uncertainty-driven exploration is an important next step that could reveal insights to how this mechanism of cognitive and negative symptoms manifest at a neural level.MethodsWe acquired fMRI data from 29 PSZ and 36 controls performing the Temporal Utility Integration decision-making task. Computational analyses estimated parameters corresponding to learning rates for both positive and negative reward prediction errors (RPEs) and the degree to which participates relied on representations of relative uncertainty. Trial-wise estimates of expected value, certainty, and RPEs were generated to model fMRI data.ResultsBehaviorally, PSZ demonstrated reduced reward-seeking behavior compared to controls, and negative symptoms were positively correlated with loss-avoidance behavior. This finding of a bias toward loss avoidance learning in PSZ is consistent with previous work. Surprisingly, neither behavioral measures of exploration nor neural correlates of uncertainty in the rlPFC differed significantly between groups. However, we showed that trial-wise estimates of relative uncertainty in the rlPFC distinguished participants who engaged in exploratory behavior from those who did not. rlPFC activation was positively associated with intellectual function.ConclusionsThese results further elucidate the nature of reinforcement learning and decision-making in PSZ and healthy volunteers.
An Artistic Product of Globalised Singapore? The Damaru Pan-Indian Folk Drumming Ensemble
Authors: LAI JINXING (GENE) 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDamaru is a Singaporean Indian folk drumming ensemble that promotes pan-Indian identity and Indian folk drumming in the city-state. This article examines how Damaru navigates and carves a niche in Singapore’s multicultural milieu with the concept of a pan-Indian folk drumming ensemble, and how drummers create artistic products that engage an audience of different sociocultural backgrounds. An analysis of two of Damaru’s rhythmic compositions suggests that drumming, mixing Indian folk drums and rhythmic patterns, and performing the rhythmic patterns in sequence have helped Damaru’s rhythmic compositions reach a broader audience, enabling the ensemble to win state grants and performance opportunities.
Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City
Authors: Khan Ansar , Khorat Samiran , Doan Quang‐Van , Khatun Rupali , Das Debashish , Hamdi Rafiq , Carlosena Laura , Santamouris Mattheos , Georgescu Matei , Niyogi Dev 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferent heat mitigation technologies have been developed to improve the thermal environment in cities. However, the regional impacts of such technologies, especially in the context of a tropical city, remain unclear. The deployment of heat mitigation technologies at city‐scale can change the radiation balance, advective flow, and energy balance between urban areas and the overlying atmosphere. We used the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a physically based single‐layer urban canopy model to assess the impacts of five different heat mitigation technologies on surface energy balance, standard surface meteorological fields, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics for premonsoon typical hot summer days over a tropical coastal city in the month of April in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Results indicate that the regional impacts of cool materials (CMs), super‐cool broadband radiative coolers, green roofs (GRs), vegetation fraction change, and a combination of CMs and GRs (i.e., “Cool city (CC)”) on the lower atmosphere are different at diurnal scale. Results showed that super‐cool materials have the maximum potential of ambient temperature reduction of 1.6°C during peak hour (14:00 LT) compared to other technologies in the study. During the daytime hours, the PBL height was considerably lower than the reference scenario with no implementation of strategies by 700 m for super‐cool materials and 500 m for both CMs and CC cases; however, the green roofing system underwent nominal changes over the urban area. During the nighttime hours, the PBL height increased by CMs and the CC strategies compared to the reference scenario, but minimal changes were evident for super‐cool materials. The changes of temperature on the vertical profile of the heat mitigation implemented city reveal a stable PBL over the urban domain and a reduction of the vertical mixing associated with a pollution dome. This would lead to crossover phenomena above the PBL due to the decrease in vertical wind speed. Therefore, assessing the coupled regional impact of urban heat mitigation over the lower atmosphere at city‐scale is urgent for sustainable urban planning.
Synchronized activity of sensory neurons initiates cortical synchrony in a model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Chen Chao , Sun Linlin , Adler Avital , Zhou Hang , Zhang Licheng , Zhang Lihai , Deng Junhao , Bai Yang , Zhang Jinhui , Yang Guang , Gan Wen-Biao , Tang Peifu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreased low frequency cortical oscillations are observed in people with neuropathic pain, but the cause of such elevated cortical oscillations and their impact on pain development remain unclear. By imaging neuronal activity in a spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model of neuropathic pain, we show that neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and somatosensory cortex (S1) exhibit synchronized activity after peripheral nerve injury. Notably, synchronized activity of DRG neurons occurs within hours after injury and 1-2 days before increased cortical oscillations. This DRG synchrony is initiated by axotomized neurons and mediated by local purinergic signaling at the site of nerve injury. We further show that synchronized DRG activity after SNI is responsible for increasing low frequency cortical oscillations and synaptic remodeling in S1, as well as for inducing animals’ pain-like behaviors. In naive mice, enhancing the synchrony, not the level, of DRG neuronal activity causes synaptic changes in S1 and pain-like behaviors similar to SNI mice. Taken together, these results reveal the critical role of synchronized DRG neuronal activity in increasing cortical plasticity and oscillations in a neuropathic pain model. These findings also suggest the potential importance of detection and suppression of elevated cortical oscillations in neuropathic pain states.
Electrically controlled superconductor-to-failed insulator transition and giant anomalous Hall effect in kagome metal CsV3Sb5 nanoflakes
Authors: Zheng Guolin , Tan Cheng , Chen Zheng , Wang Maoyuan , Zhu Xiangde , Albarakati Sultan , Algarni Meri , Partridge James , Farrar Lawrence , Zhou Jianhui , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang , Fuhrer Michael S. , Wang Lan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electronic correlations (e.g. unconventional superconductivity (SC), chiral charge order and nematic order) and giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in topological kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) have attracted great interest. Electrical control of those correlated electronic states and AHE allows us to resolve their own nature and origin and to discover new quantum phenomena. Here, we show that electrically controlled proton intercalation has significant impacts on striking quantum phenomena in CsV3Sb5 nanodevices mainly through inducing disorders in thinner nanoflakes and carrier density modulation in thicker ones. Specifically, in disordered thin nanoflakes (below 25 nm), we achieve a quantum phase transition from a superconductor to a “failed insulator” with a large saturated sheet resistance for T → 0 K. Meanwhile, the carrier density modulation in thicker nanoflakes shifts the Fermi level across the charge density wave (CDW) gap and gives rise to an extrinsic-intrinsic transition of AHE. With the first-principles calculations, the extrinsic skew scattering of holes in the nearly flat bands with finite Berry curvature by multiple impurities would account for the giant AHE. Our work uncovers a distinct disorder-driven bosonic superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), outlines a global picture of the giant AHE and reveals its correlation with the unconventional CDW in the AV3Sb5 family.
Future therapies for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Allen Lucy , Allen Lorna , Carr Siobhan B. , Davies Gwyneth , Downey Damian , Egan Marie , Forton Julian T. , Gray Robert , Haworth Charles , Horsley Alexander , Smyth Alan R. , Southern Kevin W. , Davies Jane C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe are currently witnessing transformative change for people with cystic fibrosis with the introduction of small molecule, mutation-specific drugs capable of restoring function of the defective protein, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). However, despite being a single gene disorder, there are multiple cystic fibrosis-causing genetic variants; mutation-specific drugs are not suitable for all genetic variants and also do not correct all the multisystem clinical manifestations of the disease. For many, there will remain a need for improved treatments. Those patients with gene variants responsive to CFTR modulators may have found these therapies to be transformational; research is now focusing on safely reducing the burden of symptom-directed treatment. However, modulators are not available in all parts of the globe, an issue which is further widening existing health inequalities. For patients who are not suitable for- or do not have access to- modulator drugs, alternative approaches are progressing through the trials pipeline. There will be challenges encountered in design and implementation of these trials, for which the established global CF infrastructure is a major advantage. Here, the Cystic Fibrosis National Research Strategy Group of the UK NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration looks to the future of cystic fibrosis therapies and consider priorities for future research and development.
A subset of antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins confers protection from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: He Yibo , Ge Changrong , Moreno-Giró Àlex , Xu Bingze , Beusch Christian M. , Sandor Katalin , Su Jie , Cheng Lei , Lönnblom Erik , Lundqvist Christina , Slot Linda M. , Tong Dongmei , Urbonaviciute Vilma , Liang Bibo , Li Taotao , Lahore Gonzalo Fernandez , Aoun Mike , Malmström Vivianne , Rispens Theo , Ernfors Patrik , Svensson Camilla I. , Scherer Hans Ulrich , Toes René E. M. , Gjertsson Inger , Ekwall Olov , Zubarev Roman A. , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough elevated levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the in vivo functions of these antibodies remain unclear. Here, we have expressed monoclonal ACPAs derived from patients with RA, and analyzed their functions in mice, as well as their specificities. None of the ACPAs showed arthritogenicity nor induced pain-associated behavior in mice. However, one of the antibodies, clone E4, protected mice from antibody-induced arthritis. E4 showed a binding pattern restricted to skin, macrophages and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue, and cartilage derived from mouse and human arthritic joints. Proteomic analysis confirmed that E4 strongly binds to macrophages and certain RA synovial fluid proteins such as α-enolase. The protective effect of E4 was epitope-specific and dependent on the interaction between E4-citrullinated α-enolase immune complexes with FCGR2B on macrophages, resulting in increased IL-10 secretion and reduced osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggest that a subset of ACPAs have therapeutic potential in RA.
Efficacy and clinicogenomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hong Lingzhi , Aminu Muhammad , Li Shenduo , Lu Xuetao , Petranovic Milena , Saad Maliazurina B. , Chen Pingjun , Qin Kang , Varghese Susan , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Rinsurongkawong Vadeerat , Spelman Amy , Elamin Yasir Y. , Negrao Marcelo V. , Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Gay Carl M. , Cascone Tina , Gandhi Saumil J. , Lin Steven H. , Lee Percy P. , Carter Brett W. , Wu Carol C. , Antonoff Mara B. , Sepesi Boris , Lewis Jeff , Gibbons Don L. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Le Xiuning , Jack Lee J. , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Routbort Mark J. , Gainor Justin F. , Heymach John V. , Lou Yanyan , Wu Jia , Zhang Jianjun , Vokes Natalie I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe role of combination chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (ICI-chemo) over ICI monotherapy (ICI-mono) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains underexplored. In this retrospective study of 1133 NSCLC patients, treatment with ICI-mono vs ICI-chemo associate with higher rates of early progression, but similar long-term progression-free and overall survival. Sequential vs concurrent ICI and chemotherapy have similar long-term survival, suggesting no synergism from combination therapy. Integrative modeling identified PD-L1, disease burden (Stage IVb; liver metastases), andSTK11andJAK2alterations as features associate with a higher likelihood of early progression on ICI-mono.CDKN2Aalterations associate with worse long-term outcomes in ICI-chemo patients. These results are validated in independent external (n = 89) and internal (n = 393) cohorts. This real-world study suggests that ICI-chemo may protect against early progression but does not influence overall survival, and nominates features that identify those patients at risk for early progression who may maximally benefit from ICI-chemo.
Quantifying the direct and indirect protection provided by insecticide treated bed nets against malaria
Authors: Unwin H. Juliette T. , Sherrard-Smith Ellie , Churcher Thomas S. , Ghani Azra C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLong lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) provide both direct and indirect protection against malaria. As pyrethroid resistance evolves in mosquito vectors, it will be useful to understand how the specific benefits LLINs afford individuals and communities may be affected. Here we use modelling to show that there is no minimum LLIN usage needed for users and non-users to benefit from community protection. Modelling results also indicate that pyrethroid resistance in local mosquitoes will likely diminish the direct and indirect benefits from insecticides, leaving the barrier effects intact, but LLINs are still expected to provide enhanced benefit over untreated nets even at high levels of pyrethroid resistance.