bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stillbirth Investigations: An Iconographic and Concise Diagnostic Workup in Perinatal Pathology
Authors: Sergi Consolato M. , Spencer Deborah , Al-Jishi Taher 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Stillbirth is a dramatic event for the parents, health care team, and anyone close to the expectant parents. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings are essential to improve communication in health care. We review the most frequent findings discussed at MDT meetings.
Methods A PubMed search was conducted through December 2021 since the inception (1965) using clinical queries with the key terms “stillbirth” AND “investigation” AND “pathology” AND “human.” The search strategy included reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and observational studies. This systematic review is based on, but not limited to, the search results. It is the experience of more than 30 years of pediatrics, obstetrics, and pathology staff.
Results Two hundred and six articles were screened and complemented through the perusal of congressional activities and personal communications. Pathological findings following perinatal death can be divided into macroscopic, histologic, and placental findings. The placenta is crucial in fetal medicine and is key in determining the cause of stillbirth in a substantial number of events. Perinatal lung disease is essential to evaluate the response of newborns to extrauterine life and address newborns' outcomes appropriately.
Conclusions Stillbirth remains one of the less explored areas of medicine, and we can determine the cause in a limited number of cases. Nevertheless, placental pathology is critical in the etiology discovery pathway. Accurate investigations and discussion of photography-supported findings are vital in promoting communication at MDT meetings.
Characteristics and Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Extubation Failure in the First Week of Life
Authors: Coughlin Katherine , Jen Phoebe , Katheria Anup 
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate characteristics and outcomes in preterm infants with extubation failures in their first week of life.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of infants born between 24 and 27 weeks' gestational age at the Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns between January 2014 and December 2020 who had an extubation attempt within the first 7 days of life. Infants that were successfully extubated were compared with those who required reintubation in the first 7 days. Maternal and neonatal outcome measures were analyzed.
Results A total of 215 extremely preterm infants had an extubation attempt in the first 7 days of life. Forty-six infants (21.4%) failed extubation and were reintubated within the first 7 days. Infants who failed extubation had a lower pH (p < 0.01), increased base deficit (p < 0.01), and more surfactant doses prior to first extubation (p < 0.01). Birth weight, Apgar scores, antenatal steroid doses, and maternal risk factors such as preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, and duration of ruptured membranes were not different between success and failure groups. Rates of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus (p < 0.01), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (p < 0.01), posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (p < 0.05), periventricular leukomalacia (p < 0.01), and retinopathy of prematurity stage 3 or greater (p < 0.05) were higher in the failure group.
Conclusion In this cohort of extremely preterm infants that failed extubation in the first week of life, there were as increased risk of multiple morbidities. Base deficit, pH, and number of surfactant doses prior to first extubation may be useful tools in predicting which infants are likely to have early extubation success, but this needs prospective study.
Key Points
Factors Important to Patients when Making Treatment Decisions for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Leary Emily , Royse Lisa A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatient treatment decisions for knee osteoarthritis (OA) are driven largely by the patient's physical examination and radiograph findings. Because multiple treatment options may be medically appropriate, it is imperative that the patient's voice be considered to better facilitate patient-centered treatment decisions. Concordance between physicians and patients on optimal treatment can vary, with few studies identifying the factors important to patients when making treatment decisions for knee OA. The goal of this analysis is to identify and synthesize subjective factors in the literature found to influence patient decision-making in a presurgical knee OA population, such that physicians and health care teams can become better equipped to help patients realize their specific treatment goals. This review was registered with PROSPERO and conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A systematic search was completed in four databases for search terms related to knee OA and decision-making. Articles were eligible for inclusion when they discussed (1) patients' thoughts, feelings, goals, and perceptions that factored into treatment deliberation and decision-making; and (2) related to knee OA. Twenty-four articles were identified, 11 qualitative studies and 13 quantitative studies. Synthesis of the included articles revealed three main themes that drive patient treatment decisions: (1) individual catalysts to pursue treatment including pain and mobility limitations, (2) interpersonal factors including social networks and clinician trust, and (3) risks versus benefits assessment including patients' beliefs and expectations. Only a few studies looked at nonoperative treatment decisions, and no studies looked at cohorts considering knee preservation surgeries. This study was completed to synthesize literature related to patient treatment decisions for nonoperative and surgical management of knee OA, finding that patients consider multiple subjective factors when choosing whether to move forward with treatment. Understanding how patients' beliefs determine their preferences for treatment can improve shared decision-making.
Radiological Approach to Liver Infections
Authors: Kumar Abhinandan , Garg Dollphy , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiver infections are a common and appropriate management depends on the accurate diagnosis. Imaging is an important part of the workup of patients with suspected liver infections. The imaging appearances depend on the causative agent. When imaging features are seen in context of the clinical presentation, biochemical features, and predisposing condition, a specific diagnosis is possible in a significant proportion of patients. In this review, we discuss the imaging-based approach to liver infections.
Emergence of Coxsackievirus A16 Causing Childhood Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: First Molecular Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Sheikh Ariful , Anwar Kazi Selim , Khan Md. Azraf Hossain , Sultana Ummay Nasrin , Ali Md. Ahasan , Hossain Tania , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Kabir ARM Luthful , Mollah Md. Abid Hossain , Hoque Sk. Azimul , Khan Masuma , Pham Ngan Thi Kim , Khamrin Pattara , Okitsu Shoko , Hayakawa Satoshi , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), caused by various human enteroviruses (EVs), has emerged in the children of Bangladesh in recent years. However, the etiological agents of HFMD in Bangladeshi children are not yet elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the causative agents with molecular characterization.
Methods Viral RNAs were detected from the blister fluid samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; genotyping was done by sequence-based analysis of the partial viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) region, and the evolutionary relationships among the genotypes were investigated by phylogenetic analysis.
Results EV-RNAs were identified in 14 (61%) blister fluid samples out of 23 children who were suspected of HFMD during an outbreak in Rajshahi in 2020. Genome sequence analysis of the VP1 gene was performed on four strains: all the four were coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) that clustered in B1c subgenotype. These strains showed 95 to 98% nucleotide identity with those reported in India in 2013/2018.
Conclusion After our first report on clinical evidence of childhood HFMD in Bangladesh, this time, we provided laboratory confirmation of the emergence of CVA16 as a causative agent of HFMD in Bangladeshi children. There is an urgent need for nationwide, in-depth, clinicoepidemiological surveillance on HFMD including its virology and genetics before it becomes endemic in Bangladesh.
The Clinical, Laboratory, Etiological Profile and Outcome of Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis of Childhood (ANEC) in Tertiary Care Centre from Southern India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Channabasappa Basavakumar , Shivappa Sanjay K. , Veerappa Basavaraja G. , Lakshmikantha Keshavamurthy Mysore 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute necrotizing encephalitis of childhood (ANEC) is characterized by respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and high-grade fever accompanied by rapid alteration of consciousness and onset of seizures. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and characteristic neuroimaging features. The aim of this study was to report the etiological, clinical, and radiological findings and therapeutic outcomes of ANEC. This is a retrospective chart review of children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with ANEC, from January 2017 to May 2022 at a tertiary care center in Bangalore, India. Of 36 patients, 17 were males, with age ranging from 10 months to 15 years. Major presenting complaints were altered sensorium in 36 (100%), fever in 33 (91.6%), and seizures in 27 (75%). The etiologies included dengue and chikungunya in 2 (5.5%) cases, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, and RAN binding protein 2 (RANBP2) in 1 (2.7%) case each, and unknown in 29 (80.5%) cases. Common findings of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were abnormal signals in thalami in 20/20 (100%) and in brainstem in 11/20 (55%). Computed tomography (CT) of the brain done in all 16 cases showed thalamic hypodensities. All patients received empiric antibiotics, antivirals, and intravenous methylprednisolone. The modified Rankin scale showed excellent outcomes in 19/25 (76%), 3 were bedridden (8.3%), and 3 died (8.3%). ANEC is common in children under 5 years of age (76.7%). Altered sensorium, fever, and seizures were the main presenting symptoms. Genetic testing must be done in case of family history and recurrence. CT brain is also very useful in an emergency setup; MRI brain can be useful to suspect and prognosticate.
Variation and society
Authors: Serrano María José 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Spanish,tener queandhaber que+ infinitive are modal periphrases that convey deontic meanings. The present investigation analyzes these periphrases as variants used in diverse communicative settings by different kinds of participants, acting as either speakers/writers or addressees.Tener que+ infinitive tends to appear in those contexts where a more striking implication or unavoidable recommendation is needed.Haber que+ infinitive is used more in a wide range of genres promoting a desubjectivizing-deontic meaning. As for the sex/gender of the participants, men more frequently usetener que+ infinitive, whereas women tend to employhaber que+ infinitive. The latter feature was also found to be significant when the sex/gender of the addressee is unknown; also,tener que+ infinitive resulted more frequently in texts to be read or listened by women. The sociolinguistic distribution of the meanings conveyed by each periphrasis helps to delineate communicative styles based on the objectivity-subjectivity dimension.
Investigating the epistemology of physics students while reflecting on solutions
Authors: Burkholder Eric W , Miller Olivia C , Blackmon Lena F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reflecting on one’s solution is widely recognized as an important part of the problem-solving process, though the cognitive processes underlying this action are not well understood. In previous work, we identified certain strategies students used while reflecting on a solution but found that strategies most often used by experts were not often used by students and were often used incorrectly. In this paper, we present the results of a study that more carefully examines why this could be the case. We conducted think-aloud interviews with students from a variety of physics backgrounds and asked them to check the answer to a particular static equilibrium problem (there were two different problems, but each student saw only one). We found that students’ strategy use varied both by problem features and level of experience. We found students’ epistemological framing to be more stable across problem-difficulty but still correlated with experience. We further noticed more frequent shifting of epistemological frames among intermediate students. Altogether, the results point to an epistemological transition from solution reflection as an algorithmic procedure to be performed using whatever strategy is most useful, to a conceptual procedure more aligned with sense-making as students gain more experience with physics. This will be useful for instructors when thinking about the best ways to encourage novice students to engage in meaningful solution reflection or mathematical sense-making more broadly.
Transient nonlinear dynamics in an electrically modulated quantum cascade laser with optical injection
Authors: Wei S T , Liu M , Feng W , Wang C , Cao J C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Based on rate equations, we mainly simulate the transient instability characteristics of an 8 µm quantum cascade laser (QCL) subject to optical injection with alternating current (AC) electrical modulation. Simulation results show that the period-one oscillation of the optical injection-locked QCL is broken by applying an AC current to the direct current (DC) bias. Combining an external optical injection and induced period current modulation can cause period-one oscillation dropouts and can display chaotic states outside the stable locking region, owing to the cooperative interplay between the AC frequency and the periodic oscillation frequency caused by the optical injection. To give a clear physical picture of the chaos under different line-width enhancement factors (LEFs), we use temporal series, Poincaré bifurcation diagrams, Fourier spectra, phase portraits, and first return maps to carefully analyze. These analytical methods are effective for the dynamical behaviors of QCLs with low LEFs, which show that the chaos of QCLs strongly rely on external modulation compared with class-B laser systems. This work paves a new way for realizing chaotic signal generation and has an important application in secure communication in the mid-infrared and terahertz frequency band.
Underwater multi-source DOA tracking using uniform linear array based on improved GM-PHD filter
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Qi Bin , Liang Guolong , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Uniform linear array (ULA) is commonly used for collecting underwater acoustic signals, and the direction-of-arrival (DOA) is obtained by array signal processing methods. The ULA-based multi-source DOA tracking suffers from the performance degradation caused by the presence of false tracks from port-starboard ambiguity. To address this problem, we propose a bearing ambiguity discrimination algorithm. Firstly, the sum of real bearing motion velocity between truth and ambiguous targets is established with the Gaussian distribution. Secondly, an improved Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density filter, which can adaptively generate target birth intensity, is utilized to select truth and ambiguous bearings generated by the same target from the estimated posterior intensity. Thirdly, truth and ambiguous bearings are discriminated according to the fact that the change of array heading will lead to a significant change in ambiguous bearing. Simulation and real experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can provide unambiguous target-generated tracks and accurately estimate the number of targets.
Model-based spectral causality of cardiovascular variability interactions during head-down tilt
Authors: Porta Alberto , Cairo Beatrice , Bari Vlasta , Gelpi Francesca , De Maria Beatrice , Colombo Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Cardiovascular control mechanisms are commonly studied during baroreceptor unloading induced by head-up tilt. Conversely, the effect of a baroreceptor loading induced by head-down tilt (HDT) is less studied especially when the stimulus is of moderate intensity and using model-based spectral causality markers. Thus, this study computes model-based causality markers in the frequency domain derived via causal squared coherence and Geweke spectral causality approach from heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability series. Approach. We recorded HP and SAP variability series in 12 healthy men (age: from 41 to 71 yrs, median: 57 yrs) during HDT at −25°. The approaches are compared by considering two different bivariate model structures, namely the autoregressive and dynamic adjustment models. Markers are computed in traditional frequency bands utilized in cardiovascular control analysis, namely the low frequency (LF, from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, from 0.15 to 0.4 Hz) bands. Main results. We found that: (i) the two spectral causality metrics are deterministically related but spectral causality markers exhibit different discriminative ability; (ii) HDT reduces the involvement of the baroreflex in regulating HP-SAP variability interactions in the LF band, while leaving unmodified the action of mechanical feedforward mechanisms in both LF and HF bands; (iii) this conclusion does not depend on the model structure. Significance. We conclude that HDT can be utilized to reduce the impact of baroreflex and to study the contribution of regulatory mechanisms different from baroreflex to the complexity of cardiovascular control in humans.
On gyrokinetic-fluid model for electromagnetic fluctuations in magnetized plasmas
Authors: Chen Haotian , Chen Liu , Viezzer Eleonora , Garcia-Munoz Manuel , Li Jiquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The hybrid gyrokinetic-fluid model (termed as GK-E&B) for simulating low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations (Chen et al 2021 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.
64 245211) is revisited, with emphasis on the self-consistency between the gyrokinetic ordering and magnetohydrodynamic equations. It is found that, contrary to the previous results, the parallel electric field equation is a Poisson-like equation in general for the typical electromagnetic microturbulence with wavelengths of the order of the thermal ion Larmor radius. Although the GK-E&B suffers no conventional Ampère cancellation issue since it employs the gauge-free gyrokinetic equation formulated in terms of electromagnetic fields, the balance between parallel electric field and electron pressure gradient must be accurately captured. Furthermore, the ion parallel current correction is shown to be essential to the ion sound wave branch in the GK-E&B model, and the compressional component of magnetic field fluctuation should be computed from the perpendicular component of Ampère’s law, instead of the Faraday’s law.
Interfacial debonding detection of steel beams reinforced by CFRP plates based on percussion method
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Jiang Jian , Chen Yixuan , Li Heng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Steel structure reinforced engineering makes extensive use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates. Although it happens frequently, the interfacial debonding of CFRP plate-reinforced steel beams has been the main cause of failure in flexural strengthened steel beams, which results in the brittle failure of steel structures. This paper proposes a novel percussion method to locate and quantify the debonding area based on the Welch power spectrum density (PSD) estimate, mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), and convolutional neural network (CNN). According to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use the percussion method to identify and measure the debonding defects of steel beams strengthened by CFRP plates. Additionally, this experiment takes into account how percussion instruments affect localization and quantification. To begin with, the debonding location is qualitatively detected using the Welch PSD estimate method. The presented percussion method can successfully and accurately detect the interfacial debonding of CFRP plate-reinforced steel beams, according to repeated results. Subsequently, a novel CNN model is constructed to classify the various debonding areas based on the MFCC feature. In the end, the experimental findings show that the localization and quantification of the hammer types vary only slightly. Overall, the percussion-based approach can offer a fresh line of inquiry into the debonding problem on steel beams reinforced with CFRP plates.
Manipulation of elastic wave by reconfigurable elastic topological waveguide
Authors: Gu Shuai , Zhang Min-yi , Ge Yong , Jia Ding , Yuan Shou-qi , Sun Hong-xiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report a numerical study of a reconfigurable topological waveguide based on honeycomb-lattice elastic phononic crystals (EPCs) which consist of two kinds of cavities filled with water. We can realize the EPCs with different symmetries by adjusting the water depth of the cavities, and obtain a Dirac cone for the EPCs composed of the cavities with the same water depth, in which the Dirac frequency can be modulated by adjusting the water depth. When the water depths of the cavities are different, the inversion symmetry of the EPC is broken, destroying the two-fold degeneracy of the Dirac point, and opening an omnidirectional bandgap. Based on EPC-I and EPC-II with opposite valley Hall phases, we design a valley topological waveguide of elastic wave, and obtain valley edge states in the domain wall (DW). Importantly, by adjusting the water depths, we can achieve the conversion between EPC-I and EPC-II, and realize arbitrary DWs for the propagations of elastic waves in the topological waveguide. Finally, we discuss an interesting application of a path-selective waveguide based on a linear interference mechanism. The designed reconfigurable topological waveguide provides an effective method to manipulate valley topological transports of elastic waves, and a theoretical basis for designing advanced topological devices.
High-field critical current density enhancement in GdBCO coated conductors by cooperative defects
Authors: Huang Daxing , Chen Di , Dong Hao , Wang Kai , Chu Wei-Kan , Wang Tongxin , Wang Meiqi , Zhu Kaigui , Gu Hongwei , Ren Zhifeng , Ding Fazhu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Irradiation can precisely control defects in, and improve the superconducting properties of, REBa2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO, RE: rare earth) coated conductors (CCs). Here we report an effective approach for enhancing the in-field performance of GdBCO CCs. The critical current density (J
c) of GdBCO films was significantly improved through cooperative defects created by co-irradiation with O ions and protons, especially at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Surprisingly, the in-field J
c of commercial CCs can be nearly doubled. The cooperative irradiation-induced defects are uniformly distributed throughout the GdBCO layer, which promotes the overall performance of the CC. Moreover, the dimensions of these irradiation-induced defects closely match the coherence length of REBCO. This simple and efficient method is a practical post-production solution to improve the in-field performance of commercial REBCO CCs.