bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between grave visitation and apathy among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Hidaka Yuma , Tabira Takayuki , Maruta Michio , Makizako Hyuma , Ikeda Yuriko , Nakamura Atsushi , Han Gwanghee , Miyata Hironori , Shimokihara Suguru , Akasaki Yoshihiko , Kamasaki Taishiro , Kubozono Takuro , Ohishi Mitsuru 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundIt has been shown that involvement in religious activities has a positive impact on psychological aspects. In this study, the relationship between grave visitation, a standard religious activity in Japan, and depression and apathy symptoms was investigated among older adults in Japan.MethodsA total of 638 older adults who participated in a community‐based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2019) were interviewed regarding the presence or absence of grave visitation, frequency, travel time, means of transportation, and flower offerings. Apathy and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The participants were categorised into three grave visitation groups, namely, frequent (more than once per week), occasional (less than once per week), and non‐visiting. Outcomes were compared between the frequency groups, and Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between grave visitation frequency and apathy and depression.ResultsOf the participants, 91.8% reported regular grave visitation. The non‐visiting group had a significantly higher prevalence of apathy symptoms (44.2%) than the visiting groups. Furthermore, using the frequent group as the reference, Poisson regression analysis adjusted for potential covariates demonstrated that no grave visitation was significantly related to apathy (prevalence ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.05, P = 0.049).ConclusionsNot practising grave visitation was significantly related to apathy among older adults. Helping older adults to visit graves may prevent apathy by facilitating motivation and increasing activity.
Changes in running biomechanics during the 2017 IAAF world championships men's 1500 m final
Authors: Hanley Brian , Bissas Athanassios , Merlino Stéphane , Burns Geoffrey T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze key kinematic, spatiotemporal, and global mechanical characteristics in world‐class middle‐distance racing. Eight men were recorded halfway along the home straight on the second, third, and final laps in the 2017 IAAF World Championship 1500 m final. Video data (150 Hz) from three high‐definition camcorders were digitized to calculate relevant variables, subsequently analyzed in relation to running speed and finishing position. Better‐placed finishers had greater hip extension at initial contact and through late stance, greater knee excursion throughout stance, and longer overstriding distances. Step length did not change with faster speeds as runners relied on increasing step frequency, but the highest‐finishing athletes had longer contact phases and greater fluctuations in speed through the step cycle, which were related to higher normalized peak horizontal forces. The best athletes also had lower leg stiffnesses and vertical stiffnesses. The extended contact phase and greater compression could allow for more sustained force production, enabling better acceleration and maintenance of sprinting speed, indicating a trade‐off between aerobic energetic efficiency and anaerobic power capacity. Coaches should note that these factors, as well as the best athletes' greater overstriding distances, show that elite 1500 m runners might prioritize a technique that favors running speed over economy.
Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses to single‐leg intermittent or continuous cycle exercise training matched for absolute intensity and total work
Authors: Skelly Lauren E. , MacInnis Martin J. , Bostad William , McCarthy Devin G. , Jenkins Elizabeth M. , Archila Linda R. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: February 2023

There is renewed interest in the potential for interval (INT) training to increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content including whether the response differs from continuous (CONT) training. Comparisons of INT and CONT exercise are impacted by the manner in which protocols are “matched”, particularly with respect to exercise intensity, as well as inter‐individual differences in training responses. We employed single‐leg cycling to facilitate a within‐participant design and test the hypothesis that short‐term INT training would elicit a greater increase in mitochondrial content than work‐ and intensity‐matched CONT training. Ten young healthy adults (five males and five females) completed 12 training sessions over 4 weeks with each leg. Legs were randomly assigned to complete either 30 min of CONT exercise at a challenging sustainable workload (~50% single‐leg peak power output; Wpeak) or INT exercise that involved 10 × 3‐min bouts at the same absolute workload. INT bouts were interspersed with 1 min of recovery at 10% Wpeak and each CONT session ended with 10 min at 10% Wpeak. Absolute and mean intensity, total training time, and volume were thus matched between legs but the pattern of exercise differed. Contrary to our hypothesis, biomarkers of mitochondrial content including citrate synthase maximal activity, mitochondrial protein content and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial volume increased after CONT (p < 0.05) but not INT training. Both training modes increased single‐leg Wpeak (p < 0.01) and time to exhaustion at 70% of single‐leg Wpeak (p < 0.01). In a work‐ and intensity‐matched comparison, short‐term CONT training increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content whereas INT training did not.
Transcriptome analysis of the phosphate starvation response sheds light on strigolactone biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Haider Imran , Yunmeng Zhang , White Fred , Li Changsheng , Incitti Roberto , Alam Intikhab , Gojobori Takashi , Ruyter‐Spira Carolien , Al‐Babili Salim , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYPhosphorus (P) is a major element required for plant growth and development. To cope with P shortage, plants activate local and long‐distance signaling pathways, such as an increase in the production and exudation of strigolactones (SLs). The role of the latter in mitigating P deficiency is, however, still largely unknown. To shed light on this, we studied the transcriptional response to P starvation and replenishment in wild‐type rice and a SL mutant, dwarf10 (d10), and upon exogenous application of the synthetic SL GR24. P starvation resulted in major transcriptional alterations, such as the upregulation of P TRANSPORTER, SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX) and VACUOLAR PHOSPHATE EFFLUX TRANSPORTER. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the genes induced by P starvation showed enrichment in phospholipid catabolic process and phosphatase activity. In d10, P deficiency induced upregulation of genes enriched for sesquiterpenoid production, secondary shoot formation and metabolic processes, including lactone biosynthesis. Furthermore, several genes induced by GR24 treatment shared the same GO terms with P starvation‐induced genes, such as oxidation reduction, heme binding and oxidoreductase activity, hinting at the role that SLs play in the transcriptional reprogramming upon P starvation. Gene co‐expression network analysis uncovered a METHYL TRANSFERASE that displayed co‐regulation with known rice SL biosynthetic genes. Functional characterization showed that this gene encodes an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of carlactonoic acid to methyl carlactonoate. Our work provides a valuable resource to further studies on the response of crops to P deficiency and reveals a tool for the discovery of SL biosynthetic genes.
Type II arabinogalactans initiated by hydroxyproline‐O‐galactosyltransferases play important roles in pollen–pistil interactions
Authors: Moreira Diana , Kaur Dasmeet , Pereira Ana Marta , Held Michael A. , Showalter Allan M. , Coimbra Sílvia 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYArabinogalactan‐proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline‐rich glycoproteins containing a high sugar content and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in sexual plant reproduction. The synthesis of their complex carbohydrates is initiated by a family of hydroxyproline galactosyltransferase (Hyp‐GALT) enzymes which add the first galactose to Hyp residues in the protein backbone. Eight Hyp‐GALT enzymes have been identified so far, and in the present work a mutant affecting five of these enzymes (galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9) was analyzed regarding the reproductive process. The galt25789 mutant presented a low seed set, and reciprocal crosses indicated a significant female gametophytic contribution to this mutant phenotype. Mutant ovules revealed abnormal callose accumulation inside the embryo sac and integument defects at the micropylar region culminating in defects in pollen tube reception. In addition, immunolocalization and biochemical analyses allowed the detection of a reduction in the amount of glucuronic acid in mutant ovary AGPs. Dramatically low amounts of high‐molecular‐weight Hyp‐O‐glycosides obtained following size exclusion chromatography of base‐hydrolyzed mutant AGPs compared to the wild type indicated the presence of underglycosylated AGPs in the galt25789 mutant, while the monosaccharide composition of these Hyp‐O‐glycosides displayed no significant changes compared to the wild‐type Hyp‐O‐glycosides. The present work demonstrates the functional importance of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in ovule development and pollen–pistil interactions.
A review of novel electrode materials and techniques for electro‐Fenton process applied to the degradation of phenolic compounds
Authors: Alizada Shukran , Eminli Fakhraddin , Vakhshouri Amir Reza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA major problem coming across humanity in the early 21st century is related to environmental crises, including shortage and pollution of water sources. For this reason, extensive studies have been conducted to find effective techniques for purifying water from industrial pollutants. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) has lately caught the attention of researchers, which is an efficient, clean and contemporary method to remedy wastewater effluents. However, primitive versions of AOP methods lacked several aspects like strict pH requirements and involvement of sediments, which is why further modifications to the technique have been developed, including an electrochemical catalytic degradation approach, namely, electro‐Fenton and similar processes. This study will look through a set of novel papers investigating the application of various electrodes for the electrochemical treatment of solutions contaminated with phenol and phenolic compounds, which tried to address several shortcomings of more outdated practices and optimize the method for a set of different scenarios.
Infrequent intrahousehold transmission of Clostridioides difficile between pet owners and their pets
Authors: Redding Laurel E. , Habing Greg G. , Tu Vincent , Bittinger Kyle L. , O'Day Jack , Pancholi Preeti , Wang Shu‐Hua , Alexander Andrew , Kelly Brendan J. , Weese J. Scott , Stull Jason W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCompanion animals have been shown to carry Clostridioides difficile strains that are similar or identical to strains found in people, and a small number of studies have shown that pets carry genetically identical C. difficile isolates as their owners, suggesting inter‐species transmission. However, the directionality of transmission is ultimately unknown, and the frequency with which animals acquire C. difficile following their owners' infection is unclear. The goal of this study was to assess how often pets belonging to people with C. difficile infection carry genetically related C. difficile isolates. We enrolled pet owners from two medical institutions (University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (OSUWMC)) who had diarrhoea with or without positive C. difficile assays and tested their faeces and their pets' faeces for C. difficile using both anaerobic culture and PCR assays. When microorganisms were obtained from both the owner and pet and had the same toxin profile or ribotype, isolates underwent genomic sequencing. Faecal samples were obtained from a total of 59 humans, 72 dogs and 9 cats, representing 47 complete households (i.e. where a sample was available from the owner and at least one pet). Of these, C. difficile was detected in 30 humans, 10 dogs and 0 cats. There were only two households where C. difficile was detected in both the owner and pet. In one of these households, the C. difficile isolates were of different toxin profiles/ribotypes (A+/B+ / RT 499 from the owner, A‐/B‐ / RT PR22386 from the dog). In the other household, the isolates were genetically identical (one SNP difference). Interestingly, the dog from this household had recently received a course of antibiotics (cefpodoxime and metronidazole). Our findings suggest that inter‐species transmission of C. difficile occurs infrequently in households with human C. difficile infections.
ALKAmplification and Rearrangements Are Recurrent Targetable Events in Congenital and Adult Glioblastoma
Authors: Blandin Anne-Florence , Giglio Ross , Graham Maya Srikanth , Garcia Guadalupe , Malinowski Seth , Woods Jared K. , Ramkissoon Shakti , Ramkissoon Lori , Dubois Frank , Schoolcraft Kathleen , Tsai Jessica , Wang Dayle , Jones Robert , Vogelzang Jayne , Pelton Kristine , Becker Sarah , Watkinson Fiona , Sinai Claire , Cohen Elizabeth F. , Booker Matthew A. , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Haemels Veerle , Goumnerova Liliana , Wright Karen , Kieran Mark , Fehnel Katie , Reardon David , Tauziede-Espariat Arnault , Lulla Rishi , Carcamo Benjamin , Chaleff Stanley , Charest Alain , De Smet Frederik , Ligon Azra H. , Dubuc Adrian , Pages Melanie , Varlet Pascale , Wen Patrick Y. , Alexander Brian M. , Chi Susan , Alexandrescu Sanda , Kittler Ralf , Bachoo Robert , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Beroukhim Rameen , Ligon Keith L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurpose:Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) aberrations have been identified in pediatric-type infant gliomas, but their occurrence across age groups, functional effects, and treatment response has not been broadly established.Experimental Design:We performed a comprehensive analysis of ALK expression and genomic aberrations in both newly generated and retrospective data from 371 glioblastomas (156 adult, 205 infant/pediatric, and 10 congenital) with in vitro and in vivo validation of aberrations.Results:ALK aberrations at the protein or genomic level were detected in 12% of gliomas (45/371) in a wide age range (0–80 years). Recurrent as well as novel ALK fusions (LRRFIP1–ALK, DCTN1–ALK, PRKD3–ALK) were present in 50% (5/10) of congenital/infant, 1.4% (3/205) of pediatric, and 1.9% (3/156) of adult GBMs. ALK fusions were present as the only candidate driver in congenital/infant GBMs and were sometimes focally amplified. In contrast, adult ALK fusions co-occurred with other oncogenic drivers. No activating ALK mutations were identified in any age group. Novel and recurrent ALK rearrangements promoted STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways and transformation in vitro and in vivo. ALK-fused GBM cellular and mouse models were responsive to ALK inhibitors, including in patient cells derived from a congenital GBM. Relevant to the treatment of infant gliomas, we showed that ALK protein appears minimally expressed in the forebrain at perinatal stages, and no gross effects on perinatal brain development were seen in pregnant mice treated with the ALK inhibitor ceritinib.Conclusions:These findings support use of brain-penetrant ALK inhibitors in clinical trials across infant, pediatric, and adult GBMs.See related commentary by Mack and Bertrand, p. 2567
Otimização lumínica e sanitária de espaços de ensino baseada em algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo
Authors: Barros Natalia Nakamura , Shibata Érika Mayumi 
Published: February 2023

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe uma série de reflexões acerca das condições sanitárias dos ambientes de permanência prolongada. Escolas, escritórios, hospitais etc., tiveram que se readequar a fim não só de evitar a proliferação do vírus e de novas doenças, mas também de trazer um maior conforto e bem-estar ao usuário da edificação. O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o potencial uso do algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo para otimização do layout de espaços institucionais de ensino, considerando a incidência solar interna e o distanciamento social preconizado pela OMS. O método utilizado foi desenvolvimento experimental em seis etapas: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica; (ii) definição dos ambientes e parâmetros a serem analisados; (iii) desenvolvimento dos modelos; (iv) simulação computacional; (v) otimização multi-objetivo; e (vi) análise dos resultados. A modelagem dos ambientes e carteiras foi realizada no software Rhinoceros através do plug-in Grasshopper, as simulações de incidência solar interna foram realizadas com o Honeybee, e o algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo foi aplicado com o Wallacei. Este estudo pode oferecer uma nova metodologia de desenvolvimento e estudo de projetos de forma mais diligente não apenas para projetos convencionais mas também em episódios de crises que implicam em respostas rápidas e seguras por parte dos projetistas.
Prospective Validation of Computed Tomography to Identify Patients at High Risk for Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke
Authors: Ferguson Emma , Yadav Krishan , Sharma Mukul , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Émond Marcel , Stiell Ian G. , Stotts Grant , Lee Jacques S. , Worster Andrew , Morris Judy , Cheung Ka Wai , Jin Albert Y. , Oczkowski Wieslaw J. , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Murray Heather E. , Mackey Ariane , Verreault Steve , Camden Marie-Christine , Yip Samuel , Teal Philip , Gladstone David J. , Boulos Mark I. , Chagnon Nicolas , Shouldice Elizabeth , Atzema Clare , Slaoui Tarik , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Nemnom Marie-Joe , Wells George A. , Nath Avik , Perry Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Computed tomography (CT) findings of acute and chronic ischemia are associated with subsequent stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack. We sought to validate these associations in a large prospective cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study enrolled emergency department patients from 13 hospitals with transient ischemic attack who had CT imaging. Primary outcome was stroke within 90 days. Secondary outcomes were stroke within 2 or 7 days. CT findings were abstracted from radiology reports and classified for the presence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations with primary and secondary end points.

Results:
From 8670 prospectively enrolled patients between May 2010 and May 2017, 8382 had a CT within 24 hours. From this total population, 4547 (54%) patients had evidence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy on CT, of whom 175 had a subsequent stroke within 90 days (3.8% subsequent stroke rate; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33 [95% CI, 1.62–3.36]). This was in comparison to those with CT imaging without ischemia. Findings associated with an increased risk of stroke at 90 days were isolated acute ischemia (6.0%; aOR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.03–5.66]), acute ischemia with microangiopathy (10.7%; aOR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.57–7.14]), chronic ischemia with microangiopathy (5.2%; aOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.34–2.50]), and acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy (10.9%; aOR, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.54–7.91]). Acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy were most strongly associated with subsequent stroke within 2 days (aOR, 4.36 [95% CI, 1.31–14.54]) and 7 days (aOR, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.73–11.69]).

Conclusions:
In patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, CT evidence of acute ischemia with chronic ischemia or microangiopathy significantly increases the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days of index visit. The combination of all 3 findings results in the greatest early risk.
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave
Authors: Conrick Robert , Mass Clifford F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During late June 2021, a record-breaking heatwave impacted western North America, with all-time high temperatures reported across Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alberta. The heatwave was forced by a highly anomalous upper-level ridge, strong synoptic-scale subsidence, and downslope flow resulting in lower-tropospheric adiabatic warming. This study examines the impact of antecedent soil moisture on this extreme heat event. During the cool season of 2020/21, precipitation over the Pacific Northwest was above or near normal, followed by a dry spring that desiccated soils to 50%–75% of normal moisture content by early June. Low surface soil moisture affects the surface energy balance by altering the partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes, resulting in warmer temperatures. Using numerical model simulations of the heatwave, this study demonstrates that surface air temperatures were warmed by an average of 0.48°C as a result of dry soil moisture conditions, compared to a high-temperature anomaly of 10°–20°C during the event. Air temperatures over eastern Washington and southern British Columbia were most sensitive to soil moisture anomalies, with 0000 UTC temperature anomalies ranging from 1.2° to 2.2°C. Trajectory analysis indicated that rapid subsidence of elevated parcels prevented air parcels from being affected by surface heat fluxes over a prolonged period of time, resulting in a relatively small temperature sensitivity to soil moisture. Changes to soil moisture also altered regional pressure, low-level wind, and geopotential heights, as well as modified the marine air intrusion along the Pacific coast of Washington and Oregon.

Significance Statement
The record-breaking western North American heatwave of late June 2021 was preceded by below-normal soil moisture over the region. This study evaluates the role of soil moisture on the 2021 heatwave, demonstrating that the anomalous temperatures during this extreme event were not significantly increased by below-normal soil moisture.