bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Evidence of Electron Trapped Ln2+ Promoting Afterglow on Eu2+, Ln3+ Activated Persistent Phosphor‐Example of BaZrSi3O9:Eu2+, Sm3+
Authors: Peng Feng , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBaZrSi3O9:Eu2+, Sm3+ (Em:525 nm) is prepared. The role played by the trivalent co‐doping ion Sm3+ in the afterglow and the type of trap are clarified. BaZrSi3O9:Eu2+, Sm3+ is found to produce Sm2+ during the excitation by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES), etc., and it is thus proved that Sm3+ exists as an electron trap in the afterglow process. In the field of persistent phosphors activated by Eu2+ and Re3+ such as Sm3+ or Dy3+ having been widely utilized as emergency guide lights, clock faces, etc. for > 25 years, for the first time it is successfully observed that after excitation Re2+ is formed, transferring its electron to 5d band of Eu2+, returning to Re3+ by itself, where the decrease in Sm2+ coincides with the increase in Sm3+, and the two decay time τ1 and τ2 of PL (5D0→7F0) of Sm2+ coincides with the two evolution time of PL (5d→4f) of Eu2+. The behavior of electron transfer from Sm2+ to Eu2+ as a key of afterglow is detected. The detailed afterglow mechanism is proposed by analysis of thermoluminescence and defect reaction, which is very important for the in‐depth investigation of the long afterglow material and the further improvement of the mechanism.
A Universal Interfacial Strategy Enabling Ultra‐Robust Gel Hybrids for Extreme Epidermal Bio‐Monitoring
Authors: Wang Zibi , Wang Ding , Liu Dong , Han Xiang , Liu Xiaoxu , Torun Hamdi , Guo Zhanhu , Duan Sidi , He Ximin , Zhang Xuehua , Xu Ben Bin , Chen Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA seamless and tough interface to integrate incompatible/immiscible soft materials is highly desired for flexible/wearable electronics and many soft devices with multi‐layer structures. Here, a surfactant‐mediated interfacial chemistry is introduced to achieve seamless and tough interfaces in soft multi‐layer structures, with an ultra‐high interfacial toughness up to ≈1300 J m−2 for the architectural gel hybrid (AGH). The reversible noncovalent interfacial interactions efficiently dissipate energy at the interface, thereby providing excellent durability. The interfacial toughness only decreases by ≈6.9% after 10 000 tensile cycles. This strategy can be universally applied to hybrid systems with various interfaces between an interior hydrogel (PAA, PVA, PAAm, and gelatin) and an exterior hydrophobic soft matter (ionogel, lipogel and elastomer). The AGH‐based mechano‐sensor presents high robustness and stability in a wide range of conditions, including open air, underwater, and various solvents and temperatures. Epidermal bio‐monitoring, tactile trajectory, and facial expression recognition are demonstrated using the AGH sensors in various environments. A rich set of electrophysiological signals of high quality are acquired.
Physio‐Electrochemically Durable Dry‐Processed Solid‐State Electrolyte Films for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lee Dong Ju , Jang Jihyun , Lee Jung‐Pil , Wu Junlin , Chen Yu‐Ting , Holoubek John , Yu Kunpeng , Ham So‐Yeon , Jeon Yuju , Kim Tae‐Hee , Lee Jeong Beom , Song Min‐Sang , Meng Ying Shirley , Chen Zheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe dry process is a promising fabrication method for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) to eliminate energy‐intense drying and solvent recovery steps and to prevent degradation of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) in the wet process. While previous studies have utilized the dry process to enable thin SSE films, systematic studies on their fabrication, physical and electrochemical properties, and electrochemical performance are unprecedented. Here, different fabrication parameters are studied to understand polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder fibrillation and its impact on the physio‐electrochemical properties of SSE films, as well as the cycling stability of ASSBs resulting from such SSEs. A counter‐balancing relation between the physio‐electrochemical properties and cycling stability is observed, which is due to the propagating behavior of PTFE reduction (both chemically and electrochemically) through the fibrillation network, resulting in cell failure from current leakage and ion blockage. By controlling PTFE fibrillation, a bilayer configuration of SSE film to enable physio‐electrochemically durable SSE film for both good cycling stability and charge storage capability of ASSBs is demonstrated.
Ultrafast Charging of a 4.8 V Manganese‐Rich Cathode‐Based Lithium Metal Cell by Constructing Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphases
Authors: An Kihun , Joo Myeong Jun , Tran Yen Hai Thi , Kwak Sehyun , Kim Hyung Gi , Jin Chang Soo , Suk Jungdon , Kang Yongku , Park Yong Joon , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFast charging of Li‐metal battery (LMB) is a challenging issue owing to the interfacial instability of Li‐metal anode in liquid electrolyte and Li‐dendrites growth, resulting in fire hazard. Those issues motivated to pioneer a stabilization strategy of liquid electrolyte‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that enables dendrites‐free Li‐metal anode under extremely high current density, which solid‐state battery cannot. Here, the novel electrolyte formulation is reported including trace‐level pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) combined with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives, and the SEI stabilization in Li//Mn‐rich LMB, achieving unprecedented ultrafast charging under simultaneous extreme conditions of 20 C (charged in 3 min), 4.8 V and 45 °C, delivering 118 mAh g−1 for long reversible 400 cycles, and unprecedented high stability of Li//Li cell under extremely high current 10 mA cm−2 (Li stripping/plating in 6 min) for a prolonged time of 200 h. The SEI analysis results reveal that the PFPA, which has a symmetric 10 F‐containing molecular structure, is a strong F source for promptly producing thin, uniform, and robust F‐ and organics‐enriched SEI layers at both Li‐metal anode and Mn‐rich cathode, preventing Li‐dendrites. This study provides a potential concept for ultrafast charging, long‐cycled, and safer high‐energy LMBs and LIBs.
Aligned Phthalocyanine Molecular Nanowires by Graphoepitaxial Self‐Assembly and Their In Situ Integration into Photodetector Arrays
Authors: Liao Jihui , Wang Xingyu , Danieli Yarden , Houben Lothar , Rechav Katya , Song Jiaxun , Song Jian , Zhao Zihao , Zhang Lingyu , Zhou Guofu , Joselevich Ernesto , Xu Jinyou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale on‐chip integration of organic nanowire‐based devices requires the deterministic assembly of organic small molecules into highly‐aligned nanowires. In this work, phthalocyanine molecules are self‐assembled into horizontally‐aligned nanowires after generating parallel hydrophobic nanogrooves on a sapphire surface. In contrast to previous self‐oriented inorganic nanowires, these molecular nanowires are separated from their supporting sapphire by an ultrathin amorphous layer, indicating a complete elimination of lattice matching between nanowires and substrates. Therefore, small molecules beyond phthalocyanines hold promise to form aligned nanowires using this graphoepitaxial self‐assembly strategy. The excellent alignment and high crystallinity of these nanowires enable the desired in‐situ integration of nanowire‐based devices without additional postgrowth processing steps. As a proof of concept, self‐oriented CuPc nanowires are integrated into photodetector arrays directly on their growth substrate after electrode arrays are transferred onto the nanowires. Compared to previous CuPc photodetectors constructed using other approaches, these detectors exhibit a faster response to the spectrum in the 488–780 nm range (rise and fall times are 0.05–0.43 s and 0.38–2.34 s, respectively) while offering comparable detectivities (2.49 × 1010 Jones on average). This graphoepitaxial self‐assembly offers new opportunities for the aligned growth of organic crystalline nanowires and their large‐scale in‐situ integration into functional devices.
Chiral Magnetic Oxide Nanomaterials: Magnetism Meets Chirality
Authors: Liu Xing , Du Yanli , Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Zheng Guangchao , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChiral magnetic oxide nanomaterials (CMONs), which combine the beneficial effects of chirality and magnetism in a single unit, have found applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic devices as well as in catalysis and sensing. This is largely due to the simultaneous presence of magnetic properties, catalytic activity, biocompatibility and optical activity, or magneto‐optical effects, which are circular polarization and magnetization dependent. This review summarizes the key findings derived from recent research works on the synthesis, properties, and applications of CMONs. The three main approaches in the synthesis and property tuning of CMONs, namely, post‐functionalization, in situ approach, and assembly with soft templates, are discussed. A summary and some future prospects of the CMONs with respect to their synthetic routes, chirality origin, and applications are also provided.
Random forest models to predict the densities and surface tensions of deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wang Yan‐Xu , Hou Xiao‐Jing , Zeng Jing , Wu Ke‐Jun , He Yuchen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of machine learning in physicochemical properties modeling has great potential to accelerate the application of emerging materials. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of solvents, are promising for applications as inexpensive “designer” solvents. Due to the unique structure of DESs, the hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor can be varied to create a mixture with specific physical properties. In this work, we proposed random forest (RF) models to predict the densities and the surface tensions of DESs, which are essential for the separation process. In the proposed models, the structural information and the calculated critical properties were used as two different types of features, respectively. The results demonstrate that the RF models predict the densities and surface tensions of DESs with high accuracy, with absolute average relative deviation (AARD%) less than 1% in the prediction of density and 3% in the prediction of surface tension.
Automated Solid‐Phase Oligo(disulfide) Synthesis
Authors: Frandsen Martin , El‐Chami Kassem , Palmfeldt Johan , Melgaard Smidt Jakob , Langballe Maja E. T. , Sandahl Alexander , Gothelf Kurt V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA method for automated solid‐phase synthesis of oligo(disulfide)s was developed. It is based on a synthetic cycle comprising removal of a protecting group from a resin‐bound thiol followed by treatment with monomers containing a thiosulfonate as an activated precursor. For ease of purification and characterization, the disulfide oligomers were synthesized as extensions of oligonucleotides on an automated oligonucleotide synthesizer. Six different dithiol monomer building blocks were synthesized. Sequence‐defined oligomers of up to seven disulfide units were synthesized and purified. The sequence of the oligomer was confirmed by tandem MS/MS analysis. One of the monomers contains a coumarin cargo that can be released by a thiol‐mediated release mechanism. When the monomer was incorporated into an oligo(disulfide) and subjected to reducing conditions, the cargo was released under near‐physiological conditions, which underlines the potential use of these molecules in drug delivery systems.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Carbonylative Arylation with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Hu Bowen , Zhao Haoqiang , Wu Yu , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel, selective and high‐yielding palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative arylation of a variety of weakly acidic (pKa 25–35 in DMSO) benzylic and heterobenzylic C(sp3)−H bonds with aryl bromides has been achieved. This system is applicable to a range of pro‐nucleophiles for access to sterically and electronically diverse α‐aryl or α,α‐diaryl ketones, which are ubiquitous substructures in biologically active compounds. The Josiphos SL‐J001‐1‐based palladium catalyst was identified as the most efficient and selective, enabling carbonylative arylation with aryl bromides under 1 atm CO to provide the ketone products without the formation of direct coupling byproducts. Additionally, (Josiphos)Pd(CO)2 was identified as the catalyst resting state. A kinetic study suggests that the oxidative addition of aryl bromides is the turnover‐limiting step. Key catalytic intermediates were also isolated.
Electroreductive Dicarboxylation of Unactivated Skipped Dienes with CO2
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liao Li‐Li , Li Li , Liu Yi , Dai Long‐Fei , Sun Guo‐Quan , Ran Chuan‐Kun , Ye Jian‐Heng , Lan Yu , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarboxylation of easily available alkenes with CO2 is highly important to afford value‐added carboxylic acids. Although dicarboxylation of activated alkenes, especially 1,3‐dienes, has been widely investigated, the challenging dicarboxylation of unactivated 1,n‐dienes (n>3) with CO2 remains unexplored. Herein, we report the first dicarboxylation of unactivated skipped dienes with CO2 via electrochemistry, affording valuable dicarboxylic acids. Control experiments and DFT calculations support the single electron transfer (SET) reduction of CO2 to its radical anion, which is followed by sluggish radical addition to unactivated alkenes, SET reduction of unstabilized alkyl radicals to carbanions and nucleophilic attack on CO2 to give desired products. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, facile derivations of products and promising application in polymer chemistry.
Low Bandgap 2D Perovskite Single Crystal with Anomalous‐large Charges/ions Collection Ratio for Ultra‐sensitive and Stable X‐ray Detectors
Authors: Guo Keke , Li Weijun , He Yuhong , Feng Xiaopeng , Song Jinmei , Pan Wanting , Qu Wei , Yang Bai , Wei Haotong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe low‐dimensional halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their improved moisture stability, reduced defects, and suppressed ions migration in many optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, X‐ray detectors, and so on. However, they are still limited by their large band gap and short charge carriers’ diffusion length. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of metal ions into organic interlayers of two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite by cross‐linking the copper paddle‐wheel cluster‐based lead bromide ([Cu(O2C−(CH2)3−NH3)2]PbBr4) perovskite single crystals with coordination bonds can not only significantly reduce the perovskite band gap to 0.96 eV to boost the X‐ray induced charge carriers, but can also selectively improve the charge carriers’ transport along the out‐of‐plane direction and blocking the ions motion paths. The [Cu(O2C−(CH2)3−NH3)2]PbBr4 single‐crystal device can reach a record charges/ions collection ratio of 1.69×1018±4.7 % μGyair−1 s, and exhibit a large sensitivity of 1.14×105±7% μC Gyair−1 cm−2 with the lowest detectable dose rate of 56 nGyair s−1 under 120 keV X‐rays irradiation. In addition, [Cu(O2C−(CH2)3−NH3)2]PbBr4 single‐crystal detector exposed to the air without any encapsulation shows excellent X‐ray imaging capability with long‐term operational stability without any attenuation of 120 days.
Ontogeny of cranial musculoskeletal anatomy and its relationship to allometric increase in bite force in an insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
Authors: Stanchak Kathryn E. , Faure Paul A. , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBite force is a performance metric commonly used to link cranial morphology with dietary ecology, as the strength of forces produced by the feeding apparatus largely constrains the foods an individual can consume. At a macroevolutionary scale, there is evidence that evolutionary changes in the anatomical elements involved in producing bite force have contributed to dietary diversification in mammals. Much less is known about how these elements change over postnatal ontogeny. Mammalian diets drastically shift over ontogeny—from drinking mother's milk to feeding on adult foods—presumably with equally drastic changes in the morphology of the feeding apparatus and bite performance. Here, we investigate ontogenetic morphological changes in the insectivorous big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), which has an extreme, positive allometric increase in bite force during development. Using contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography scans of a developmental series from birth to adult morphology, we quantified skull shape and measured skeletal and muscular parameters directly related to bite force production. We found pronounced changes in the skull over ontogeny, including a large increase in the volume of the temporalis and masseter muscles, and an expansion of the skull dome and sagittal crest that would serve to increase the temporalis attachment area. These changes indicate that development of the jaw adductors play an important role in the development of biting performance of these bats. Notably, static bite force increases with positive allometry with respect to all anatomical measures examined, suggesting that modifications in biting dynamics and/or improved motor coordination also contribute to increases in biting performance.
Oromotor skills in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Maffei Marc F. , Chenausky Karen V. , Gill Simone V. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen , Green Jordan R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOromotor functioning plays a foundational role in spoken communication and feeding, two areas of significant difficulty for many autistic individuals. However, despite years of research and established differences in gross and fine motor skills in this population, there is currently no clear consensus regarding the presence or nature of oral motor control deficits in autistic individuals. In this scoping review, we summarize research published between 1994 and 2022 to answer the following research questions: (1) What methods have been used to investigate oromotor functioning in autistic individuals? (2) Which oromotor behaviors have been investigated in this population? and (3) What conclusions can be drawn regarding oromotor skills in this population? Seven online databases were searched resulting in 107 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Included studies varied widely in sample characteristics, behaviors analyzed, and research methodology. The large majority (81%) of included studies report a significant oromotor abnormality related to speech production, nonspeech oromotor skills, or feeding within a sample of autistic individuals based on age norms or in comparison to a control group. We examine these findings to identify trends, address methodological aspects hindering cross‐study synthesis and generalization, and provide suggestions for future research.
Consistency between parent report and direct assessment of development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and other delays: Does sex assigned at birth matter?
Authors: James Stephen , Hallur Shreyas , Anbar Joshua , Matthews Nicole , Pierce Karen , Smith Christopher J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study examined differences between parent report and diagnostician direct assessment of receptive language, expressive language, and fine motor abilities in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other delays. Additionally, this study examined whether parent‐diagnostician consistency varied by child diagnosis and sex assigned at birth (SAB). Initial mixed analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted using data from a sample of 646 toddlers to examine whether parent‐diagnostician consistency differed by child diagnosis. Matched samples (using child age, SAB, and nonverbal IQ) were then created within each diagnostic group and mixed ANOVAs were conducted to examine if consistency was similar in matched diagnostic subsamples and whether it differed by SAB. Findings from the full sample mostly replicated previous research that has documented consistency between parent report and direct observation regardless of child diagnosis. However, when examined in matched diagnostic subgroups, more nuanced patterns were observed. Parent report of receptive language was lower in ASD and ASD features subgroups and parent report of fine motor skills was lower than direct observation in the ASD, ASD features, and developmental delay groups. When examining the moderating effect of SAB, only expressive language was impacted for children in the ASD group. Results indicate the importance of considering child demographic characteristics and that child SAB may impact parent report and/or diagnostician perception of expressive language.
Organic Electrode Materials and Engineering for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Vlad Alexandru , Chen Jun , Yao Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic batteries are considered as an appealing alternative to mitigate the environmental footprint of the electrochemical energy storage technology, which relies on materials and processes requiring lower energy consumption, generation of less harmful waste and disposed material, as well as lower CO2 emissions. In the past decade, much effort has been made from fundamental understanding to practical applications in this direction. This Special Collection aims to highlight the current dynamic research environment devoted to the field of organic chemistry and materials as applied to electrochemical energy storage systems and devices. In particular, it reveals how diverse the organic materials are in the context of Li‐ion, but also next‐generation, post‐Li battery technologies.
A meta‐analysis of the effects of augmented reality technologies in interactive learning environments (2012–2022)
Authors: Lin Yupeng , Yu Zhonggen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study conducts meta‐analytical estimations based on 70 empirical studies regarding inconsistent effect sizes of augmented reality in interactive learning environments. It finds that compared with traditional tools, augmented reality in interactive learning environments significantly enhances overall learning effectiveness (g = 0.717, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.606–0.827) at the 0.05 level. The moderating analysis finds that augmented reality in interactive learning environments significantly enhances (1) students' acceptance of technological systems and attitudes toward their courses, (2) comfort, engagement, and self‐efficacy, (3) learning motivations (measured by attention, perceived relevance to learning objectives, confidence, satisfaction, and interest), (4) critical thinking and practical skills, and (5) knowledge acquisition outcomes (including memorization, retention, and application). Interactive augmented reality has insignificant influences on students' flow experience, collaboration, and communication at the 0.05 level, while significantly reducing cognitive load at the 0.05 level. The findings in this study may enlighten further studies on educational technologies and extend applications of augmented reality in education.