bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast‐Gelling Polyethylene Glycol/Polyethyleneimine Hydrogels Degradable by Visible‐Light
Authors: Paula Carlos T.B. , Leandro Ana , Pereira Patrícia , Coelho Jorge F.J. , Fonseca Ana C. , Serra Arménio C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe treatment of burn wounds remains a clinical challenge due to the need for repeated dressings changes. Therefore, the development of a dressing system that can be atraumatically removed from the wound bed can be considered a breakthrough and improve treatment times. In this work, the development of an injectable, fast‐gelling hydrogel is proposed that can change its mechanical properties when exposed to visible light. The hydrogels are prepared by a “click” amino‐yne reaction between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized with propiolic acid and the amino groups of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The hydrogels exhibit a fast gelation time, which can be adjusted by changing the weight percentage and molecular weight of the precursors. They also exhibit good swelling ability and adhesion to living tissues. More importantly, their mechanical properties changed upon irradiation with green light. This loss of properties is achieved by a 1O2‐mediated mechanism, as confirmed by the degradation of the β‐aminoacrylate linker. Moreover, the in vitro cell compatibility results of the hydrogels and their degradation products show good cytocompatibility. Therefore, it is believed that these hydrogels can be considered as materials with great potential for an innovative strategy for the treatment of burn wounds.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity and intercellular communication of hepatic stellate cells and macrophages during liver fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Sheng , Zou Yunhan , Zhang Man , Bai Shihao , Tao Kun , Wu Jiaoxiang , Shi Yi , Wu Yuelan , Lu Yinzhong , He Kunyan , Sun Peng , Su Xianbin , Hou Shangwei , Han Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUncontrolled and excessive progression of liver fibrosis is thought to be the prevalent pathophysiological cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer, and there are currently no effective antifibrotic therapeutic options available. Intercellular communication and cellular heterogeneity in the liver are involved in the progression of liver fibrosis, but the exact nature of the cellular phenotypic changes and patterns of interregulatory remain unclear. Here, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing on nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) isolated from normal and fibrotic mouse livers. We identified eight main types of cells, including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, dendritic cells, B cells, natural killer/T (NK/T) cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), cholangiocytes and macrophages, and revealed that macrophages and HSCs exhibit the most variance in transcriptional profile. Further analyses of HSCs and macrophage subpopulations and ligand–receptor interaction revealed a high heterogeneity characterization and tightly interregulated network of these two groups of cells in liver fibrosis. Finally, we uncovered a profibrotic Thbs1+ macrophage subcluster, which expands in mouse and human fibrotic livers, activating HSCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings decode unanticipated insights into the heterogeneity of HSCs and macrophages and their intercellular crosstalk at a single‐cell level, and may provide potential therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis.
APA's new racial equity fund includes $1.1 million investment
Authors: Canady Valerie A. 
Published: September 2023

Reaffirming its ongoing work toward dismantling systemic racism, the American Psychological Association (APA) last week announced the launch of its racial equity fund, along with a $1.1 million investment to support research and initiatives that strategically align with its goals outlined in their racial equity action plan, officials stated.
Is ChatGPT‐4 Accurate in Proofread a Manuscript in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery?
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Gorton Amy , Robertson Jean , Vaira Luigi A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence‐powered language model of chatbot able to help otolaryngologists in clinical practice and research. We investigated the ability of ChatGPT‐4 in the editing of a manuscript in otolaryngology. Four papers were written by a nonnative English otolaryngologist and edited by a professional editing service. ChatGPT‐4 was used to detect and correct errors in manuscripts. From the 171 errors in the manuscripts, ChatGPT‐4 detected 86 errors (50.3%) including vocabulary (N = 36), determiner (N = 27), preposition (N = 24), capitalization (N = 20), and number (N = 11). ChatGPT‐4 proposed appropriate corrections for 72 (83.7%) errors, while some errors were poorly detected (eg, capitalization [5%] and vocabulary [44.4%] errors. ChatGPT‐4 claimed to change something that was already there in 82 cases. ChatGPT demonstrated usefulness in identifying some types of errors but not all. Nonnative English researchers should be aware of the current limits of ChatGPT‐4 in the proofreading of manuscripts.
The Feasibility and Outcome of Integra® Bilayer Matrix in the Reconstruction of Oral Cavity Defects
Authors: Mansour Jobran , Nesbitt Blaine , Khanjae Sonam , Horowitz Gilad , Amit Moran , Muhanna Nidal , Hofstede Theresa M. , Gillenwater Ann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility, safety, and failure rate of Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix (Integra) in the reconstruction of oral cavity defects.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAll study information was collected from a single academic tertiary care hospital.MethodsSubjects included adult patients who underwent oral cavity resection and immediate subsequent reconstruction with Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix at MD Anderson Cancer Center between the years 2015 and 2020. The following variables were collected: patient's demographics, comorbidities, disease stage, treatment and reconstruction modalities, and surgical outcome from the medical records. Statistical analysis included distribution analysis for all collected parameters and Pearson's χ2 tests to find correlation between variables and take rate of Integra.ResultsEighty‐three patients underwent reconstruction with Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix dressing. Average age was 66 years old. Thirty‐nine patients (47%) had history of previous resections for oral cavity tumors. Fourteen patients (17%) had history of radiation therapy to the Head and Neck region. Most common pathology was invasive squamous cell carcinoma (75%) followed by dysplasia (12%). Complete wound healing with good cellular integration occurred in 83 patients (96%) with only 3 failures requiring additional surgery. Reconstruction of mandibulectomy defects was associated with increased risk of dehiscence and bone exposure (0.66, P = .03).ConclusionThis study shows promising results with high take rate of Integra® Bilayer Wound Matrix dressing in the reconstruction of various oral cavity defects. We encourage surgeons to adopt this technique as a viable and versatile option into the reconstruction ladder of oral cavity defects.
A design of experiments based on the Normal‐boundary‐intersection method to identify optimum machine settings in manufacturing processes
Authors: Gellerich Peter Anton , Majschak Jens‐Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFinding the appropriate machine settings for a given manufacturing process is an important issue in industrial production. A set of minimum and maximum machine settings correspond to the lower and upper quality limits that are specified for the produced product, and by this define the boundaries of all appropriate machine settings. This paper shows that these boundaries are the solution of a multi‐objective optimisation problem, which is called the optimum machine settings problem. However, for most processes there is no mathematical model of the manufacturing process available, which maps the setting parameters on the quality key figures in a way that allows to compute the optimisation problem. In this case, experiments may provide the required empirical data simultaneously while executing the optimisation procedure. Using a case study on heat sealing in industrial packaging, the paper shows, how to develop a design of experiments based on the Normal‐boundary‐intersection method (NBI), and how to generate the Pareto‐frontier by executing test according to this test plan. It addresses the specific limitations inherent in solving an optimisation problem by experiments. The behaviour of the method towards discrete and binary objectives and constraints is discussed.
Simultaneous solution of ropes and membranes on all level sets within a bulk domain
Authors: Kaiser Michael Wolfgang , Fries Thomas‐Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe formulate a mechanical model in the context of the finite strain theory for implicitly defined ropes and membranes, which applies simultaneously to all level sets of a level‐set function over a bulk domain. Further, a numerical method to solve this model is introduced. Tangential operators, which occur in the geometrically non‐linear model, are defined in the framework of the tangential differential calculus (TDC). The weak form of the governing PDE, which is required for the numerical simulation, is formulated using the co‐area formula. For the numerical analysis, the bulk domain is discretized with higher‐order finite elements which are conforming to the boundary but do not have to be aligned to the level sets within the domain. The resulting numerical method may be called Bulk Trace FEM. Higher‐order convergence studies of numerical examples, based on the residual error, the stored energy error, or the length/area of the deformed structures, ensure the validity of this method and confirm optimal convergence rates.
Adaptive time stepping for generalized convolution quadrature
Authors: Menon Arjun Balagopal , Schanz Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrough the current work, we aim to improve the boundary element method (BEM) in acoustics. The proposed adaptivity is based on a time‐domain boundary element formulation. In this setting, an elegant method for solving the acoustic problem is through the transformation of the underlying partial differential equation on to the boundary of the domain as a space–time boundary integral equation. However, accurate modeling of temporal behavior is crucial, requiring careful consideration of the time step size to ensure numerical stability and capture the dynamics of the system accurately. The boundary integral equation in the time domain has a convolution in time and the generalized convolution quadrature method (gCQ) is introduced, providing a framework for numerically evaluating the convolution integral within the boundary integral equation. The gCQ method under consideration uses a higher order time stepping method from the Runge–Kutta family. The gCQ method allows for adaptive time stepping, enabling the refinement of the time step size to focus computational resources where they are most needed. The current work shows that an approach similar to that of the ordinary differential equations can be included in the gCQ to introduce an adaptive control of the time step size in the 3D boundary element formulation. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate improved solution resolution, particularly in capturing steep changes and localized variations through the adaptive time stepping scheme. The proposed method shows promising performance, dynamically adjusting the time step size based on the evolving solution, thereby enabling efficient and accurate computations in BEM simulations of radiation phenomena.
Use of differential forms in the determination of divergence of cross products of tensors in nonlinear solid mechanics
Authors: Flajs Rado 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the cross product of tensors introduced by R. de Boer (1982) and used by J. Bonet et al. (2016) in describing problems from nonlinear solid mechanics. From the paper by J. Bonet et al., it appears that the cross product of tensors can be used to rearrange the mechanical descriptions and significantly simplify the expressions of selected mechanical quantities encountered in the description of mechanical problems in solid mechanics with large strains. In this paper, we derive some additional properties of the cross product of tensors, which also allow some simplifications of selected mechanical quantities. In particular, we establish a connection between the cross product of operators and differential forms introduced by M. Spivak (1971, 1999). These connections allow further generalization of some expressions. At this point, we take advantage of the important fact that the second differentials of differential forms are zeros. This fact allows further simplification of certain expressions and opens up further new possibilities in the description of mechanical problems in nonlinear solid mechanics.
Gabor's “complex signal” revisited: Complexifying frames and bases
Authors: Fink Thomas , Forster Brigitte , Heinrich Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 1946, Dennis Gabor introduced the analytic signal for real‐valued signals f. Here, H is the Hilbert transform. This complexification of functions allows for an analysis of their amplitude and phase information and has ever since given well‐interpretable insight into the properties of the signals over time. The idea of complexification has been reconsidered with regard to many aspects: examples are the dual tree complex wavelet transform, or via the Riesz transform and the monogenic signal, that is, a multi‐dimensional version of the Hilbert transform, which in combination with multi‐resolution approaches leads to Riesz wavelets, and others. In this context, we ask two questions:
Which pairs of real orthonormal bases (ONBs), Riesz bases, frames and Parseval frames and can be “rebricked” to complex‐valued ones ?
And which real operators A allow for rebricking via the ansatz ?
In this short note, we give answers to these questions with regard to a characterization which linear operators A are suitable for rebricking while maintaining the structure of the original real valued family. Surprisingly, the Hilbert transform is not among them.
Modeling and estimation of the reliability of electrical components for autonomous driving
Authors: Kimmerle Sven‐Joachim , Avenhaus Rudolf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom automated to autonomous cars, a higher and higher reliability of the electrical components is required, while on the other hand the number of electrical components is continuously increasing in modern cars. Therefore for these components the estimation of a mean‐time‐to‐failure (MTTF) and a failure rate, a so‐called failure‐in‐time (FIT) rate, and the quantification of the corresponding uncertainties is crucial. The verification of the required FIT rates of less than one failure in one billion hours of lifetime is a challenge.Risk estimates have to be determined before and within the development process of future automated/autonomous cars. However, tests in real time take too long and are too expensive. As the next step, the uncertainty quantification of networks of components as in the vehicle electric system or a battery (with cells and management systems) are to be considered as well.This paper discusses several options for the determination of these failure rates. Following an overview we focus on the approach of experimental overstress tests and the combination of overstresses varying in time. Mathematically, the latter means a switching between different probability distributions in time. We state how to combine probability distributions that are typical for MTTF. Results for step functions in time as well as continuous changes in time of the probability distribution are presented. The main result is that the order of the temporal stresses is essential. This calls into question whether the common practice using temperature collectives is applicable here.
Numerical optimisation of damage in extrusion processes
Authors: Guhr Fabian , Gitschel Robin , Barthold Franz‐Joseph , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical optimisation is applied to rod extrusion in order to generate optimal parameter sets which result in reduced damage accumulation. A brief overview of academic applications for damage optimisation is given. Their restrictions are reflected upon, leading to the proposed framework utilising the commercial software Abaqus FEA, which enables optimisation of industrial problems with frictional contact. The framework is setup modularly to enable arbitrary choices of design variables, such as geometric parameters, and process parameters like friction coefficients or boundary conditions. The optimisation strategy is applied to forward hollow extrusion. Compared to forward rod extrusion, an additional design variable, that is, the mandrel radius, is introduced into the forming process, which increases the design space.
An approach to stress conversion between different deformation states for incompressible first‐invariant hyperelastic models
Authors: Buchen Stefan , Kröger Nils Hendrik , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo characterize generally valid hyperelastic material parameters, tensile tests at different deformation states are essential. This necessity arises from the hyperelasticity theory for incompressible materials, which is based on the first and second invariants of the right Cauchy–Green tensor. These invariants describe the elongation and surface change during a deformation process. By comparing different deformation states using the incompressibility plane of invariants, an equivalent deformation state can be determined for first‐invariant hyperelastic models. This deformation equivalence results in equal strain energy and is used to derive a method for converting stress‐strain relations of different deformation modes. The presented approach is verified and validated with experimental data.
Computationally efficient implementation of the Gauss–Newton method for solving the forward kinematics of redundant cable‐driven parallel robots
Authors: Bieber Jonas , Pallmer Steffen , Beitelschmidt Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCable‐driven parallel robots (CDPRs) are parallel robots in which cables are used instead of rigid connecting elements. An important task here, as in other areas of robotics, are kinematic calculations. The state of the CDPR can be described either in Cartesian workspace coordinates as a pose or in the joint space via the cable lengths. The calculation of the cable lengths from a given platform pose is relatively simple for CDPRs. In contrast, the forward kinematics, that is, the calculation of the pose from the cable lengths, is complex due to the parallel topology and often cannot be solved analytically. In addition, CDPR systems are often designed redundantly, with more cables than Cartesian degrees of freedom. This redundancy causes that the solution of the forward kinematics can be considered as a fitting problem, where for measured cable lengths, the solution with minimum error norm is sought. In this paper, an approach based on the Gauss–Newton method is presented. It is described how a computationally efficient implementation is possible when using quaternions under consideration of the unit quaternion constraints.
Identifying microstructural properties of paper
Authors: Kloppenburg Greta , Li Xiangfeng , Dinkelmann Albrecht , Finckh Hermann , Neumann Johannes , Simon Jaan‐Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNowadays, paper is no longer used only as a writing and printing material. In addition to its use as a packaging material, it is an important substitute for products that were previously made from carbon‐based resources. Due to its high recycling potential, paper will very likely become even more important in the future. Therefore, it is essential to know the structure and performance and to know how to influence them depending on the application. One key aspect is the distribution of the fibers in the paper. It has a great influence on the load‐bearing capacity of different directions and on the strength of the product. Forty samples of a three‐layer paperboard were examined for their fiber distribution. For this purpose, X‐ray microcomputed tomography scans were performed, which provided data on the entire thickness of the paper in a nondestructive manner. The fiber orientations were described using orientation tensors. The distribution of the principal direction was analyzed and approximated with parametric probability density functions chosen on the basis of statistical tests. It was first proved that the fibers are mainly aligned in the plane. Furthermore, variations in the fiber distributions within a paper roll were found, with a larger scatter visible in the center of the paper roll.
Multiple scatter correction for single plane Compton camera imaging in nuclear decommissioning
Authors: Burger Martin , Jansen Sven , Hölzer Karsten , Kaden Thomas , Kuger Lorenz , Lösch Henry , Petrak Sybille , Rieger Tobias , Schönmuth Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the application of Compton cameras in nuclear decommissioning, aiming to develop efficient and affordable radiological characterization methods. Compton cameras offer advantages over traditional Anger cameras, including increased sensitivity and a larger field of view. We showcase the use of monolithic scintillation detectors in a Compton camera setup to compute two‐dimensional reconstructions of the source location of incident gamma rays. The presence of multiple scattering effects in the large, spatially non‐resolved detectors can lead to spatial artifacts in the reconstructed source activity. To address this, the paper proposes an extended forward model that accounts for double scattering interactions within a single detector element. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Collision dynamics of particles and bubbles in gravity‐driven flotation: A DNS investigation
Authors: Tiedemann Benedikt , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical method to study the collision process of mineral particles and air bubbles in flotation cells. A bubble‐resolved and particle‐modelled direct numerical simulation was performed to study the particle–bubble collision frequency for representative flotation conditions. The location of the particle collisions on the bubble surface and the particle concentration around a bubble are investigated.