bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NK- and T-cell granzyme B and K expression correlates with age, CMV infection and influenza vaccine-induced antibody titres in older adults
Authors: Verschoor Chris P. , Picard Emilie , Andrew Melissa K. , Haynes Laura , Loeb Mark , Pawelec Graham , Kuchel George A. 
Published: January 2023

Granzymes are a family of serine-proteases that act as critical mediators in the cytolytic and immunomodulatory activities of immune cells such as CD8+ T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Previous work indicates that both granzyme B (GZB) and K (GZK) are increased with age in CD8+ T-cells, and in the case of GZB, contribute to dysfunctional immune processes observed in older adults. Here, we sought to determine how GZB and GZK expression in NK-cells, and CD4+, CD8+, and gamma-delta T-cells, quantified in terms of positive cell frequency and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), differed with age, age-related health-traits and the antibody response to high-dose influenza vaccine. We found that the frequency and MFI of GZB-expressing NK-cells, and CD8+ and Vδ1+ T-cells, and GZK-expressing CD8+ T-cells was significantly higher in older (66–97 years old; n = 75) vs. younger (24–37 years old; n = 10) adults by up to 5-fold. There were no significant associations of GZB/GZK expression with sex, frailty or plasma levels of TNF or IL-6 in older adults, but those who were seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) exhibited significantly higher frequencies of GZB+ NK-cells, and CD4+, CD8+ and Vδ1+ T-cells, and GZK+ CD8+ T-cells (Cohen’s d = .5–1.5). Pre-vaccination frequencies of GZB+ NK-cells were positively correlated with vaccine antibody responses against A/H3N2 (d = .17), while the frequencies of GZK+ NK and CD8+ T-cells were inversely associated with A/H1N1 (d = −0.18 to −0.20). Interestingly, GZK+ NK-cell frequency was inversely correlated with pre-vaccination A/H1N1 antibody titres, as well as those measured over the previous 4 years, further supporting a role for this subset in influencing vaccine antibody-responses. These findings further our understanding of how granzyme expression in different lymphoid cell-types may change with age, while suggesting that they influence vaccine responsiveness in older adults.
Effectiveness of active occupational therapy in patients with acute stroke: A propensity score-weighted retrospective study
Authors: Yamakawa Shiori , Nagayama Hirofumi , Tomori Kounosuke , Ikeda Kohei , Niimi Ayaka 
Published: January 2023

Background and purposeThe effects of therapy and patient characteristics on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with acute stroke are unclear. We investigated the effects of intensive occupational therapy (OT) on patients with acute stroke.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the 2005–2016 Japan Rehabilitation Database, from which we identified patients with stroke (n = 10,270) who were admitted to acute care hospitals (n = 37). We defined active OT (AOT) and non-AOT as OT intervention times (total intervention time/length of hospital stay) longer or shorter than the daily physical therapy intervention time, respectively. The outcomes assessed were the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, duration of hospitalization, and rate of discharge. Propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses adjusted for patient characteristics were performed to investigate the effects of AOT on patient outcomes.ResultsWe enrolled 3,501 patients (1,938 and 1,563 patients in the AOT and non-AOT groups, respectively) in the study. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, the AOT group had a shorter length of hospitalization (95% confidence interval: −3.7, −1.3, p &lt; 0.001), and the FIM (95% confidence interval: 2.0, 5.7, p &lt; 0.001) and NIHSS (95% confidence interval; 0.3, 1.1, p &lt; 0.001) scores improved significantly. Subgroup analysis showed that lower NHISS scores for aphasia, gaze, and neglect and lower overall NIHSS and FIM scores on admission led to a greater increase in FIM scores in the AOT group.ConclusionsAOT improved the limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function in patients with acute stroke and reduced the length of hospitalization. Additionally, subgroup analysis suggested that the increase in FIM score was greater in patients with severe limitations in performing ADLs and worse cognitive impairment, such as neglect, on admission.
Promoting early childhood oral health and preventing early childhood caries on Instagram
Authors: Lee Victor H. K. , Kyoon-Achan Grace , Levesque Josh , Ghotra Suhird , Hu Ralph , Schroth Robert J. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionEarly childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent worldwide. Oral health promotion effectively utilizes key messages to educate parents/caregivers and the public on how to prevent ECC. Instagram is one of the biggest social media platforms, and could be used to promote early childhood oral health. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how young children's oral health is promoted and supported on Instagram.MethodsThis study used inductive content analysis to categorize, quantify, and interpret pictorial and textual data derived from Instagram posts containing the most commonly used ECC-related hashtags in their captions (determined by an extensive search through Instagram's search bar).ResultsA total of 1,071 images and 3,228 comments were analyzed based on 13 hashtags. The most common types of images were those of people (57.5%) and graphics/memes (37.8%). Most people were older children (32.5%) or adults (20.3%), and were White (19.6%) or Asian (18.5%). A majority of images had people posing (79.1%) in dental clinics (81.3%). Most graphics/memes were instructional/informational (76.3%). A total of 173 posts had substantial discussions that were positive/constructive in nature. The majority of discussions had at least one comment providing advice, tips, or explanations (79.8%), or had users requesting further information (73.4%).ConclusionAs more people engage with social media, health professionals should consider the potential for Instagram as a tool to promote early childhood oral health and to prevent ECC. Our study shows that many different users are providing and consuming content related to ECC. Targeted messaging, monitoring of content, and professional guidance could be beneficial to those seeking oral health information on this platform.
Pinpointing drivers of widespread colonization of Legionella pneumophila in a green building: Roles of water softener system, expansion tank, and reduced occupancy
Authors: Joshi Sayalee , Richard Rain , Levya Carlos , Harrison Joanna Ciol , Saetta Daniella , Sharma Naushita , Crane Lucas , Mushro Noelle , Dieter Lucien , Morgan Grace V. , Heida Ashley , Welco Bennett , Boyer Treavor H. , Westerhoff Paul , Hamilton Kerry A. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionLegionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that is a key contributor to drinking water-associated disease outbreaks in the United States. Prolonged water stagnation periods in building plumbing systems due to low occupancy, especially during building shutdowns, breaks, and holidays, can lead to water quality deterioration and (re)colonization of buildings with L. pneumophila. Water monitoring in buildings typically relies on grab samples with small datasets.MethodsIn this study, a larger dataset was created by sampling a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified data-rich commercial building for L. pneumophila and physical-chemical water quality during the COVID-19 pandemic after reduced building occupancy. A proxy for human occupancy rates using WIFI logins was recorded throughout the study period.ResultsL. pneumophila was observed in grab samples taken throughout the building, where concentrations generally increased with greater distances from the building point of entry to locations throughout the building. Factors conducive to microbial growth were identified in the building including fluctuations in water temperatures, lack of chlorine residual, a low water heater setpoint, colonized water-saving fixtures, prolonged stagnation throughout the building; especially in an expansion tank designed to reduce pressure issues during demand fluctuations, and the presence of oversized softener tanks with ion exchange resin that contributed to chlorine residual removal as well as colonization of the resin with L. pneumophila.DiscussionFlushing and thermal disinfection alone did not resolve the problem, and replacement of the expansion tank ultimately resolved the L. pneumophila issue. As ad-hoc approaches are logistically- and time-intensive, more proactive approaches are needed for informing preventative and corrective actions for reducing the risk of exposure to opportunistic pathogens in the building plumbing.
Impact of 3 months of detraining after high intensity exercise on menopause-related symptoms in early postmenopausal women – results of the randomized controlled actlife project
Authors: Jungmann Sophia , Hettchen Michael , Kohl Matthias , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Regular exercise might reduce postmenopausal symptoms, however even short-moderate periods of absence from exercise training might significantly reduce these positive effects. The aim of the study was thus to determine detraining effects on postmenopausal symptoms after a 3-month detraining period in early post-menopausal women. After 13 months, the exercise group (EG: n = 27; 54.6 ± 2.0; 23.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2) had to abruptly stop their supervised, facility-based, high intensity aerobic and resistance group exercise conducted three times per week due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding lockdown of all training facilities in Germany. In parallel, the control group (CG: n = 27; 55.6 ± 1.6 years, 25.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2) had to terminate their low-intensity exercise program performed once per week. Study endpoint as determined after 3 months of detraining was menopausal symptoms as determined by the Menopausal Rating Scale II (MRS II). The intention to treat principle with multiple imputation was applied. After 13 months of intense multicomponent exercise and significant exercise-induced effects on menopausal symptoms, a further 3 months of detraining resulted in non-significant deteriorations (p = .106) in the exercise group, while non-significant improvements were observed in the control group (p = .180). Corresponding group differences were significant (p = .036) after detraining. Of importance, self-reported individual outdoor activities increased by about 40% in both groups during the three-month lock-down period. Three months of absence from a supervised high-intensity group exercise protocol resulted in detraining effects on postmenopausal symptoms even when outdoor physical activity was increased significantly.
Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03959995
Developing a conceptual framework for the relationship between food security status and mental health among low-income mothers
Authors: Liebe Rachel A. , Adams Leah M. , Hedrick Valisa E. , Serrano Elena L. , Porter Kathleen J. , Cook Natalie E. , Misyak Sarah A. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionBuilding household resiliency is one strategy that may help insulate households from the effects of food system volatility that contributes to in food insecurity. A stronger understanding of the relationship between food security and mental health is needed to identify potential factors for intervention to improve household resiliency to food system stressors. Because mothers often make household food decisions, they are an important population for building household resiliency. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual framework for the relationship between food security and mental health for low-income mothers and to identify potential targets for intervention.MethodsA conceptual framework was developed based on the existing literature on mental health and food security, as well as factors that impact both constructs. This framework was tested by a path analysis using data from a 2021 cross-sectional survey of low-income Virginia mothers that used validated scales to assess food security status, indicators of mental and physical health, food coping strategies, and social support.Results and discussionThe initial model was systematically adapted to develop the final retained model. The retained model did not include a direct effect of food security on mental health, but highlighted two significant mediators of the relationship, food coping strategies and social support. While the effect of social support was not practically significant, the effects of food coping strategies as a mediator from food security to perceived stress and life satisfaction were small (β = 0.21, 0.14, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). The retained model provides a framework for understanding the relationship between food security and mental health and highlights potential targets for intervention. Notably, reducing the need for mothers to utilize food coping strategies should be targeted on multiple levels to reduce the impact on mental health and ultimately improve resiliency to future food system shocks.
Prognostic value of log odds of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio, and N stage in patients with colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Xing , Jiang Lixin , Wu Jingzhou , Mao Weida 
Published: January 2023

AimLittle attention has been paid in the prognosis of colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). This study aims to explore the predictive capacity of log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS), lymph node ratio (LNR), and pN stage in the prognosis of patients with colorectal SRCC.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed, and data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Data on demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, and treatment were extracted. Outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Association of LODDS, LNR, and pN stage with OS and CSS were explored using Cox proportional hazard model and Cox competing risk model, respectively, with results showing as hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). Predictive performance of LODDS, LNR, and pN stage in OS and CSS was assessed by calculating C-index.ResultsA total of 2,198 patients were included in this study. LODDS, LNR, and pN stage were associated with the OS and CSS of colorectal SRCC patients (all P &lt; 0.05). LODDS showed a good performance in the OS (C-index: 0.704, 95% CI: 0.690–0.718), which was superior to LNR (C-index: 0.657, 95% CI: 0.643–0.671) and pN stage (C-index: 0.643, 95% CI: 0.629–0.657). The C-index of LODDS, LNR, and pN stage for CSS was 0.733 (95% CI: 0.719–0.747), 0.713 (95% CI: 0.697–0.729), and 0.667 (95% CI: 0.651–0.683), respectively.ConclusionsLODDS displayed a better predictive capacity in the OS and CSS than LNR and pN stage, indicating that LODDS may be effective to predict the prognosis of colorectal SRCC in the clinic.
Incidence and factors associated with the recurrence of Rathke's cleft cyst after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Ao , Zhou Jing , Zhang Xin , Yu Jiaojiao , Wang Xiaoshu 
Published: January 2023

BackgroudRecurrence of Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is not uncommon after surgery, and the associated factors and incidence of relapse deserve a systematic summary.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched until September 12, 2022. Studies with significant results of recurrent factors or specific incidences of RCC recurrence and mean/median follow-up time were included. Based on a protocol of a 2-year interval grouping, included studies were categorized into four groups with follow-up periods  &lt;24 months, 24–48 months, 48–72 months, and ≥72 months, respectively. Quality assessment was performed using the NOS score. Pooled estimations were computed by using a random-effects model in the STATA “metaprop” command. Publication bias was assessed visually through a funnel plot and statistically through Egger's linear regression test and Begg's correlation test.ResultsA total of 44 studies were included containing 2,539 cases. Squamous metaplasia was the most commonly reported factor, followed by the extent of cyst removal. The other factors were reported individually. The pooled overall incidences of RCC recurrence after surgery in four groups of the follow-up period were 7.4% (95%CI = 4.1–11.3%) in &lt;24 months, 13.1% (95%CI = 9.7–17.0%) in 24–48 months, 13.7% (95%CI = 7.7–21.0%) in 48–72 months, and 33.8% (95%CI = 19.6–49.6%) in ≥72 months. The pooled symptomatic incidences were 2.3% (95%CI = 0.4–5.1%) in &lt;24 months, 5.6% (95%CI = 3.6–7.9%) in 24–48 months, 5.9% (95%CI = 2.4–10.6%) in 48–72 months, and 14.1% (95%CI = 6.0–24.5%) in ≥72 months. A dramatic increase in recurrent incidence was observed when the follow-up period was more than 72 months in both overall and symptomatic recurrence. A similar trend of recurrence was found in subgroup analyses stratified by publication year, cohort size, and cyst resection strategy.ConclusionThis study systematically reviewed recurrent factors and described the profile of trends in RCC recurrent incidence after surgery with a follow-up time based on a protocol of a 2-year interval, finding a dramatic increase in recurrent rates with a follow-up period of more than 72 months. This encouraged us to put forward a recommendation of at least a 6-year follow-up after surgery for patients with RCC.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021278970.
Modified lumbar foraminoplasty using a power-aided reciprocating burr for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy: A technical note and clinical report
Authors: Wang Yingbo , Wu Jian , Wang Tengyu , Liu Yaoyao , Jiang Mei , Wang Zhong , Chao Rui , Liu Peng , Pu Jungang , Fan Weili 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOne of the main difficulties in a transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD), and simultaneously the most critical step, is performing an effective and safe foraminoplasty, which is especially difficult for beginners. To make it safer and faster for beginners to perform, we have used a specially designed power-aided reciprocating burr for TELD and reported the technical details.MethodsFrom Jan. 2019 to Nov. 2022, 432 patients with single-level, symptomatic L4/5 or L5/S1 disc herniation were treated with TELD using a novel power-aided reciprocating burr. The surgical procedure is described in detail. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed the following day and 3 months after the operation. The learning curves of surgeons with different seniority levels are displayed. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to measure low back pain, leg pain, and lumbar function. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.ResultsAll patients underwent endoscopic surgery successfully. Among the 432 patients, radicular outer membrane damage was observed in 6 cases, and 1 case had hernia of the nerve tract. Except for this patient with aggravation of postoperative numbness, the postoperative neurological symptoms of all patients were significantly improved. The mean VAS scores for low back pain and leg pain and ODI scores were significantly decreased 6 w post-operatively and were maintained until 12 months post-operatively compared to preoperative scores (P &lt; 0.05). All three doctors involved in the study had substantial experience in traditional open spinal surgery. The more operations all three surgeons completed, the more time spent on intervertebral foraminoplasty decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Among them, doctors without experience in TELD surgery became proficient in this technique after accumulating experience in 13 cases. There was no significant difference in foraminoplasty time among these three surgeons during the same growing period (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsCurrent clinical data demonstrated the safety and efficacy of modified TELD using a power-aided reciprocating burr for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and showed that this technique significantly reduces the learning curve for beginners when performing foraminoplasty.
Relationship between preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and surgery outcome in type A aortic dissection
Authors: Ma Ming , Zhu Feng , Fan Fudong , Pan Jun , Cao Hailong , Zhou Qing , Wang Dongjin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is associated with the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between preoperative LMR and the prognosis of patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) undergoing surgical treatment remains to be determined.MethodsWe enrolled 879 patients with TAAD undergoing surgical treatment between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: the Deceased group and the Survived group. The baseline clinical and operative characteristics of the two groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsIn univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the association between LMR and in-hospital mortality was significant, and LMR (OR = 1.598, 95% CI 1.114–2.485, P = 0.022) remained significant after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionLower LMR may be independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality in TAAD undergoing surgical treatment.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury in a trauma population with and without long bone fractures
Authors: Larson Julia L. , Robertson Henry T. , Grey Scott F. , Schobel Seth A. , Potter Benjamin K. , Elster Eric A. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death in persons under the age of 45. Recovery in patients who survive initial trauma are frequently complicated by sequelae of injury that increases susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Uncontrolled inflammation can advance into life-threatening organ failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Similarities exist between biomarkers established in the etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and those identified in the acute inflammatory and healing phase of bone fractures. This study investigates the impact of long bone fractures on the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome where it is hypothesized that patients with long bone fractures would have different biomarker profiles and increased development of lung injury compared to patients without long bone fractures.Methods: This is a retrospective data analysis of patients from an observational data repository from three trauma centers. Trauma patients with and without long bone fractures were matched and analyzed for the presence of known biomarkers of acute respiratory distress syndrome and for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Results: There were no differences in overall acute respiratory distress syndrome development or hospital outcomes, however long bone fracture patients had a 2.35-fold higher hazard ratio of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the first 10 hospital days. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of IL-6 in patients with long bone fractures (p = .0007). Structural equations modeling demonstrated that IL-6 was positively influenced by long bone fractures and IL-8.Conclusion: The presence of long bone fractures did not result in differences in the overall development of acute respiratory distress syndrome or hospital outcomes, though was found to have an increased hazard ratio for acute respiratory distress syndrome development in the first 10 days. Further research is needed to better characterize the relationship between varying cytokine profiles and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a trauma population.