bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal infections and medications in pregnancy: how does self-report compare to medical records in childhood cancer case–control studies?
Authors: Bonaventure Audrey , Kane Eleanor , Simpson Jill , Roman Eve 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies examining the potential impact of mothers’ health during pregnancy on the health of their offspring often rely on self-reported information gathered several years later. To assess the validity of this approach, we analysed data from a national case–control study of childhood cancer (diagnosed &lt;15 years) that collected health information from both interviews and medical records.

Methods
Mothers’ interview reports of infections and medications in pregnancy were compared with primary care records. Taking clinical diagnoses and prescriptions as the reference, sensitivity and specificity of maternal recall along with kappa coefficients of agreement were calculated. Differences in the odd ratios estimated using logistic regression for each information source were assessed using the proportional change in the odds ratio (OR).

Results
Mothers of 1624 cases and 2524 controls were interviewed ∼6 years (range 0–18 years) after their child’s birth. Most drugs and infections were underreported; in general practitioner records, antibiotic prescriptions were nearly three times higher and infections &gt;40% higher. Decreasing with increasing time since pregnancy, sensitivity was ⩽40% for most infections and all drugs except ‘anti-epileptics and barbiturates’ (sensitivity 80% among controls). ORs associated with individual drug/disease categories that were based on self-reported data varied from 26% lower to 26% higher than those based on medical records; reporting differences between mothers of cases and controls were not systematically in the same direction.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the scale of under-reporting and poor validity of questionnaire-based studies conducted several years after pregnancy. Future research using prospectively collected data should be encouraged to minimize measurement errors.
Community pantries: a health service of great quality for the most affected ones
Authors: Cordero Dalmacito A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has continuously caused many people to suffer worldwide. The Philippine government had imposed a series of lockdowns that caused many citizens to be unemployed and hungry. As the crisis continues, ordinary citizens from different religious communities and non-governmental organizations willed to establish community pantries to aid their hungry and helpless neighbors. The spirit of volunteerism was also awakened for those who desired to serve and shared their time and effort.
Forced Degradation and Stability-Indicating Study for the Binary Mixture of Allopurinol and Thioctic Acid Using Validated HPLC-DAD Method
Authors: El-Kafrawy Dina S , Abdelhamid Ahmed G , Abdel-Khalek Magdi M , Belal Tarek S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Careful review of the scientific databases revealed that no stability-indicating analytical method is available for the binary mixture of allopurinol (ALO) and thioctic acid (THA).

Objective
A comprehensive stability-indicating HPLC-DAD procedure has been executed for concurrent analysis of ALO and THA.

Method
Successful chromatographic separation of the cited drugs was reached using a Durashell C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm particle size). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acidified water (pH 4.0) using phosphoric acid and acetonitrile pumped in gradient elution mode. For quantification of ALO and THA, their respective peak areas were recorded at 249 and 210 nm. A systematic validation of analytical performance was investigated in terms of system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection, and quantification limits.

Results
ALO and THA peaks emerged at retention times 4.26 and 8.15 min, respectively. Linear ranges for ALO and THA were 5–100 and 10–400 µg/mL, respectively, with correlation coefficient values exceeding 0.9999. Both drugs were exposed to conditions of neutral, acidic, and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, and thermal decomposition. Stability-indicating features have been demonstrated by resolution of the drugs from their forced degradation peaks. For verification of peak identity and purity, the diode-array detector (DAD) was used. In addition, degradation pathways for the cited drugs were postulated. Furthermore, separation of both analytes from about 13 medicinal compounds of different therapeutic classes disclosed optimum specificity of the proposed method.

Conclusions
Advantageous application of the validated HPLC method for the concurrent analysis of ALO/THA in their tablet dosage form was accomplished.

Highlights
So far, the described HPLC-DAD method is considered the first detailed stability-indicating analytical study for this pharmaceutical mixture.
Characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of Douhua chicken (Gallus gallus) and phylogenetic considerations
Authors: Jin Sihua , Jia Yuqing , Jiang Lijun , Cao Chengcheng , Ding Yunfei , Zhang Taikang , Liu Xuling , Li Yongsheng , Geng Zhaoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDouhua chicken is a unique local breed from Anhui Province, China. This study aimed to illustrate the Douhua chicken mitogenome and clarify its phylogenetic status by sequencing and annotating the complete mitochondrial genome using high-throughput sequencing and primer walking. Phylogenetic analysis through the Kimura 2-parameter model indicated the maternal origin of Douhua chicken. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome is a closed circular molecule (16,785 bp) that consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) coding genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) coding genes, and a control region. The base composition of the Douhua chicken mitogenome contains 30.3% A, 23.7% T, 32.5% C, and 13.5% G, and the haplotype and nucleotide diversity values are 0.829 (Hd) and 0.00441 (Pi), respectively. Furthermore, 10 haplotypes of D-loop sequences among 60 Douhua chickens were identified and distributed into four haplogroups (A, C, D, and E). Overall, the result of the present study indicates that Douhua chicken may have originated from Gallus gallus, and this process was influenced by Gallus gallus spadiceus, Gallus gallus murghi, and Gallus gallus bankiva. This study provides novel mitogenome data to support further phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on Douhua chicken. Additionally, the findings of this study will provide deeper insights for identifying the genetic relationships among populations and tracing maternal origins based on phylogenetic considerations for use in studies on the geographic conservation, utilization, and molecular genetics of poultry species.
Neuropathological features of SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants
Authors: Normandin Erica , Valizadeh Navid , Rudmann Emily A , Uddin Rockib , Dobbins Sabrina T , MacInnis Bronwyn L , Padera Robert F , Siddle Katherine J , Lemieux Jacob E , Sabeti Pardis C , Mukerji Shibani S , Solomon Isaac H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continually evolving resulting in variants with increased transmissibility, more severe disease, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failure. The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2 and AY lineages) was the dominant circulating strain in the United States from July to mid-December 2021, followed by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 and BA lineages). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with neurological sequelae including loss of taste/smell, headache, encephalopathy, and stroke, yet little is known about the impact of viral strain on neuropathogenesis. Detailed postmortem brain evaluations were performed for 22 patients from Massachusetts, including 12 who died following infection with Delta variant and 5 with Omicron variant, compared to 5 patients who died earlier in the pandemic. Diffuse hypoxic injury, occasional microinfarcts and hemorrhage, perivascular fibrinogen, and rare lymphocytes were observed across the 3 groups. SARS-CoV-2 protein and RNA were not detected in any brain samples by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, or real-time quantitative PCR. These results, although preliminary, demonstrate that, among a subset of severely ill patients, similar neuropathological features are present in Delta, Omicron, and non-Delta/non-Omicron variant patients, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 variants are likely to affect the brain by common neuropathogenic mechanisms.
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluations of amikacin dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
Authors: Li Sanwang , Zhu Sucui , Xie Feifan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of amikacin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) are poorly described, and appropriate dosing is unclear in this patient population. This study aimed to develop a population PK model of amikacin and to provide systemic PK/PD evaluations for different dosing regimens in CVVHDF patients.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-one amikacin concentration observations from thirty-three CVVHDF patients were pooled to develop the population PK model. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess the PK/PD index-based efficacy (Cmax/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) &gt; 8 and AUC/MIC &gt; 58.3), nonrisk of drug resistance (T&gt;MIC &gt; 60%) and risk of toxicity (trough concentration &gt; 5 mg/l) for different dosing regimens.

Key findings
A two-compartment model adequately described the concentration data of amikacin. A loading dose of at least 25 mg/kg amikacin is needed to reach the efficacy targets in CVVHDF patients for an MIC of 4 mg/l, and the studied doses could not provide adequate drug exposure and T&gt;MIC &gt; 60% for an MIC ≥ 8 mg/l. The risk of toxicity for amikacin was unacceptably high for the patient population with low clearance.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that a loading dose of 25–30 mg/kg amikacin is needed to provide adequate PK/PD target attainment in CVVHDF patients for an MIC ≤ 4 mg/l.
A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Shen-Kui-Tong-Mai granules on a rat model with chronic heart failure
Authors: Huang Hong , Xu Junyao , Zhang Siqi , Zhao Jing , Liu Shun , Tian Lei , Wang Haidan , Geng Zhirong , Yan Shihai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the potential active components and therapeutic mechanisms of Shen-Kui-Tong-Mai granule (SKTMG) in the treatment of heart failure.

Methods
Network pharmacology combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), molecular docking, and in vivo validation was performed to identify the active components and the potential targets for SKTMG to improve chronic heart failure (CHF).

Key findings
The network pharmacology identified 192 active compounds and 307 potential consensus targets for SKTMG. On the other hand, network analysis discovered 10 core target genes related to the MAPK signal pathway. These genes include AKT1, STAT3, MAPK1, P53, SRC, JUN, TNF, APP, MAPK8 and IL6. The molecular docking results revealed that the SKTMG components were luteolin, quercetin, astragaloside IV and kaempferol, which could bind AKT1, MAPK1, P53, JUN, TNF and MAPK8. Additionally, SKTMG inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, P38, P53 and c-JUN, and reduced TNF-α expression in CHF rats.

Conclusions
The present results demonstrated that network pharmacology combined with UHPLC–MS/MS, molecular docking and in vivo validation can facilitate the identification of active components and the potential targets for SKTMG to improve CHF.
Acinar cystic transformation of the pancreas—a rare case in a young patient
Authors: Steinkraus Kira Carlotta , Mühlberger Michael , Schmidt Stefan Andreas , Kornmann Marko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcinar cystic transformation (ACT) is a very rare transformation of the pancreas and has been described in less than 100 cases since its first report in 2002. The aim of this case report is to get a better understanding of this pancreatic transformation, which to date appears to be non-malignant. However, radical surgery was performed in most cases due to misinterpreting the initial diagnosis. ACT may be misdiagnosed for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and is currently not included as a potential differential diagnosis for cystic lesions of the pancreas. ACT belongs to the benign cystic alterations of the pancreas. Despite its rarity, it should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis with regard to cystic lesions in the pancreas, especially in order to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Grafting in plants: recent discoveries and new applications
Authors: Loupit Grégoire , Brocard Lysiane , Ollat Nathalie , Cookson Sarah Jane 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Grafting is a traditional horticultural technique that makes use of plant wound healing mechanisms to join two different genotypes together to form one plant. In many agricultural systems, grafting with rootstocks controls the vigour of the scion and/or provides tolerance to deleterious soil conditions such as the presence of soil pests or pathogens or limited or excessive water or mineral nutrient supply. Much of our knowledge about the limits to grafting different genotypes together comes from empirical knowledge of horticulturalists. Until recently, researchers believed that grafting monocotyledonous plants was impossible, because they lack a vascular cambium, and that graft compatibility between different scion/rootstock combinations was restricted to closely related genotypes. Recent studies have overturned these ideas and open up the possibility of new research directions and applications for grafting in agriculture. The objective of this review is to describe and assess these recent advances in the field of grafting and, in particular, the molecular mechanisms underlining graft union formation and graft compatibility between different genotypes. The challenges of characterizing the different stages of graft union formation and phenotyping graft compatibility are examined.
Assembly, transfer, and fate of mitochondrial iron–sulfur clusters
Authors: Pedroletti Luca , Moseler Anna , Meyer Andreas J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since the discovery of an autonomous iron–sulfur cluster (Fe–S) assembly machinery in mitochondria, significant efforts to examine the nature of this process have been made. The assembly of Fe–S clusters occurs in two distinct steps with the initial synthesis of [2Fe–2S] clusters by a first machinery followed by a subsequent assembly into [4Fe–4S] clusters by a second machinery. Despite this knowledge, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of how Fe–S clusters are transferred and distributed among their respective apoproteins. In particular, demand created by continuous protein turnover and the sacrificial destruction of clusters for synthesis of biotin and lipoic acid reveal possible bottlenecks in the supply chain of Fe–S clusters. Taking available information from other species into consideration, this review explores the mitochondrial assembly machinery of Arabidopsis and provides current knowledge about the respective transfer steps to apoproteins. Furthermore, this review highlights biotin synthase and lipoyl synthase, which both utilize Fe–S clusters as a sulfur source. After extraction of sulfur atoms from these clusters, the remains of the clusters probably fall apart, releasing sulfide as a highly toxic by-product. Immediate refixation through local cysteine biosynthesis is therefore an essential salvage pathway and emphasizes the physiological need for cysteine biosynthesis in plant mitochondria.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites: cross-talk between membrane-bound organelles in plant cells
Authors: Bian Jiahui , Su Xiao , Yuan Xiaoyan , Zhang Yuan , Lin Jinxing , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles surrounded by monolayer or bilayer membranes. Organelles take part in highly dynamic and organized interactions at membrane contact sites, which play vital roles during development and response to stress. The endoplasmic reticulum extends throughout the cell and acts as an architectural scaffold to maintain the spatial distribution of other membrane-bound organelles. In this review, we highlight the structural organization, dynamics, and physiological functions of membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and various membrane-bound organelles, especially recent advances in plants. We briefly introduce how the combined use of dynamic and static imaging techniques can enable monitoring of the cross-talk between organelles via membrane contact sites. Finally, we discuss future directions for research fields related to membrane contact.
Fitness and Functional Landscapes of theE. coliRNase III Genernc
Authors: Weeks Ryan , Ostermeier Marc 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow protein properties such as protein activity and protein essentiality affect the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations are important questions in protein evolution. Deep mutational scanning studies typically measure the effects of a comprehensive set of mutations on either protein activity or fitness. Our understanding of the underpinnings of the DFE would be enhanced by a comprehensive study of both for the same gene. Here, we compared the fitness effects and in vivo protein activity effects of ∼4,500 missense mutations in the E. coli rnc gene. This gene encodes RNase III, a global regulator enzyme that cleaves diverse RNA substrates including precursor ribosomal RNA and various mRNAs including its own 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR). We find that RNase III's ability to cleave dsRNA is the most important determinant of the fitness effects of rnc mutations. The DFE of RNase III was bimodal, with mutations centered around neutral and deleterious effects, consistent with previously reported DFE's of enzymes with a singular physiological role. Fitness was buffered to small effects on RNase III activity. The enzyme's RNase III domain, which contains the RNase III signature motif and all active site residues, was more sensitive to mutation than its dsRNA binding domain, which is responsible for recognition and binding to dsRNA. Differential effects on fitness and functional scores for mutations at highly conserved residues G97, G99, and F188 suggest that these positions may be important for RNase III cleavage specificity.
Diagnosis and management of complications from the treatment of primary central nervous system tumors in adults
Authors: Weller Michael , Le Rhun Emilie , Van den Bent Martin , Chang Susan M , Cloughesy Timothy F , Goldbrunner Roland , Hong Yong-Kil , Jalali Rakesh , Jenkinson Michael D , Minniti Giuseppe , Nagane Motoo , Razis Evangelia , Roth Patrick , Rudà Roberta , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Wen Patrick Y , Short Susan C , Preusser Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumor patients commonly undergo multimodality treatment in the course of their disease. Adverse effects and complications from these interventions have not been systematically studied, but pose significant challenges in clinical practice and impact function and quality of life, especially in the management of long-term brain tumor survivors. Here, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) has developed recommendations to prevent, diagnose, and manage adverse effects and complications in the adult primary brain CNS tumor (except lymphomas) patient population with a specific focus on surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Specifically, we also provide recommendations for dose adaptations, interruptions, and reexposure for pharmacotherapy that may serve as a reference for the management of standard of care in clinical trials. We also summarize which interventions are unnecessary, inactive or contraindicated. This consensus paper should serve as a reference for the conduct of standard therapy within and outside of clinical trials.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Neural Stem Cells, Astrocytes, and Microglia as Therapeutics for Easing TBI-Induced Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Hering Catherine , Shetty Ashok K 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from neural stem cells (NSC-EVs), astrocytes (ADEVs), and microglia (MDEVs) have neuroregenerative properties. This review discusses the therapeutic efficacy of NSC-EVs, ADEVs, and MDEVs in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. The translational value and future directions for such EV therapy are also deliberated. Studies have demonstrated that NSC-EV or ADEV therapy can mediate neuroprotective effects and improve motor and cognitive function after TBI. Furthermore, NSC-EVs or ADEVs generated after priming parental cells with growth factors or brain-injury extracts can mediate improved therapeutic benefits. However, the therapeutic effects of naïve MDEVs are yet to be tested rigorously in TBI models. Studies using activated MDEVs have reported both adverse and beneficial effects. NSC-EV, ADEV, or MDEV therapy for TBI is not ready for clinical translation. Rigorous testing of their efficacy for preventing chronic neuroinflammatory cascades and enduring motor and cognitive impairments after treatment in the acute phase of TBI, an exhaustive evaluation of their miRNA or protein cargo, and the effects of delayed EV administration post-TBI for reversing chronic neuroinflammation and enduring brain impairments, are needed. Moreover, the most beneficial route of administration for targeting EVs into different neural cells in the brain after TBI and the efficacy of well-characterized EVs from NSCs, astrocytes, or microglia derived from human pluripotent stem cells need to be evaluated. EV isolation methods for generating clinical-grade EVs must also be developed. Overall, NSC-EVs and ADEVs promise to mitigate TBI-induced brain dysfunction, but additional preclinical studies are needed before their clinical translation.