bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneoussuperresolutionreconstruction and distortion correction for single‐shotEPI DWIusing deep learning
Authors: Ye Xinyu , Wang Peipei , Li Sisi , Zhang Jieying , Lian Yuan , Zhang Yajing , Lu Jie , Guo Hua 
Published: January 2023

PurposeSingle‐shot (SS) EPI is widely used for clinical DWI. This study aims to develop an end‐to‐end deep learning–based method with a novel loss function in an improved network structure to simultaneously increase the resolution and correct distortions for SS‐EPI DWI.Theory and MethodsPoint‐spread‐function (PSF)–encoded EPI can provide high‐resolution, distortion‐free DWI images. A distorted image from SS‐EPI can be described as the convolution between a PSF function with a distortion‐free image. The deconvolution process to recover the distortion‐free image can be achieved with a convolution neural network, which also learns the mapping function between low‐resolution SS‐EPI and high‐resolution reference PSF‐EPI to achieve superresolution. To suppress the oversmoothing effect, we proposed a modified generative adversarial network structure, in which a dense net with gradient map guidance and a multilevel fusion block was used as the generator. A fractional anisotropy loss was proposed to utilize the diffusion anisotropy information among diffusion directions. In vivo brain DWI data were used to test the proposed method.ResultsThe results show that distortion‐corrected high‐resolution DWI images with restored structural details can be obtained from low‐resolution SS‐EPI images by taking advantage of the high‐resolution anatomical images. Additionally, the proposed network can improve the quantitative accuracy of diffusion metrics compared with previously reported networks.ConclusionUsing high‐resolution, distortion‐free EPI‐DWI images as references, a deep learning–based method to simultaneously increase the perceived resolution and correct distortions for low‐resolution SS‐EPI was proposed. The results show that DWI image quality and diffusion metrics can be improved.
Imidazolyl‐Substituted Benzo‐ and Naphthodithiophenes as Precursors for the Synthesis of Transient Open‐Shell Quinoids
Authors: Hou Peng , Peschtrich Sebastian , Feuerstein Wolfram , Schoch Roland , Hohloch Stephan , Breher Frank , Paradies Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of three novel imidazolyl‐substituted sulfur‐containing heteroacenes is reported. These heteroacenes consisting of annelated benzo‐ and naphthothiophenes serve as precursors for the generation of open‐shell quinoid heteroacenes by oxidation with alkaline ferric cyanide. Spectroscopic and computational experiments support the formation of reactive open‐shell quinoids, which, however, quickly produce paramagnetic polymeric material.
Sandwich structures based on fused filament fabrication 3D‐printed polylactic acid honeycomb and poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites for microwave absorbing applications
Authors: Schmitz Debora P. , Soares Bluma G. , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Santana Leonardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA)—based honeycomb samples with different cell sizes and thickness were prepared using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology and used to build sandwiched multilayer structures consisted of the honeycomb as the core component and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and/or PVDF/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites as top and bottom layers. The effect of the honeycomb design (cell size and thickness) and the presence and nature of the impedance matching layer on the microwave absorbing properties of the corresponding structures was investigated in the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) and Ku‐band (12.4–18 GHz). For the systems without matching layer or with neat PVDF film as the matching layer, the honeycomb with larger thickness (5 mm) and larger cell size resulted in better electromagnetic wave attenuation but narrow frequency bandwidth with RL below −10 dB. The best combination minimum RL value (−18 to −14 dB) and broad frequency bandwidth with attenuation higher than 90% (around 8 GHz) was achieved with honeycomb of 2 mm thickness sandwiched by PVDF/CNT05 as the matching layer and bottom layer constituted by PVDF/CNT1 film, regardless the cell size of the honeycomb. These results indicate the PLA honeycomb as promising candidate as component for multilayer microwave absorbing materials and open new possibilities of applications of FFF technology for designing flexible, lightweight, and low‐cost materials to be used in both civil and military industries.
Development of an image processing algorithm (IPA‐Delfin) for the digital reconstruction of composite overwrapped pressure vessels
Authors: Rozo Lopez Nicolas , Tao Yuchen , Çelik Hakan , Hopmann Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWet filament winding has been established as the primary manufacturing process for overwrapped pressure vessels. However, the prediction of the mechanical performance of pressure vessels is still not sufficiently accurate, mostly due to process‐induced deviations within the laminate structure. In this work, we present an image processing algorithm (IPA‐Delfin) that enables the real‐time generation of a digital reconstruction based on the actual geometry and position of the placed roving. A Type‐IV pressure vessel is analyzed under real manufacturing conditions. Our approach allows the measurement of the overlapping degree of roving within the laminate and the prediction of gaps. The results show that the fiber‐band width and the overlapping area vary significantly when the roving is placed directly on the vessel's polymer liner. A more constant and uniform fiber‐band width and overlapping area were observed when the filament winding took place on the previously placed roving. Hence, the IPA‐Delfin can be potentially used for the generation of digital twins of composite overwrapped pressure vessels.
Comparison of severe hyponatremia in patients with and without psychiatric diseases: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Makino Eriko , Hashimoto Takahide , Sako Akahito , Nanasawa Hideki , Enomoto Tetsuro , Hayakawa Tatsuro , Hamasaki Hidetaka , Yanai Hidekatsu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsHyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder. The severe hyponatremia has a mortality rate of 4%–40%. Psychiatric patients are likely to develop the condition because of polydipsia or the adverse effects of antipsychotics. We investigated the characteristics of patients with and without psychiatric diseases who developed severe hyponatremia.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively investigated cases admitted to our hospital (all departments) between October 2012 and November 2015 with a serum sodium concentration of ≤125 mmol/l on admission. We compared patient characteristics, etiology, and clinical course between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients.ResultsIn total, 123 cases (62 female) were analyzed. Psychiatric disorders were present in 69 cases (56%), including schizophrenia (n = 19), anorexia (n = 16), mood disorders (n = 14), and organic mental disorders (n = 9). The mean patient age was 63 years. The mean serum sodium concentration on admission was 119 mmol/l, and the main causes of hyponatremia were polydipsia (20%), insufficient sodium intake (18%), and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (16%). Compared with the nonpsychiatric group, the psychiatric group was significantly younger (55 vs. 74 years), was more likely to have polydipsia (30% vs. 6%), and had a lower in‐hospital mortality (0% vs. 17%).ConclusionsOur study found differences in the clinical picture between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients with severe hyponatremia. Clinicians need to monitor serum sodium because the symptoms of hyponatremia can mimic those of psychiatric diseases.
A numerical study on warm deep drawing of polypropylene
Authors: Emani Chandra Kishore Reddy , Mallick Pankaj K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWarm deep drawing of polypropylene, a semi‐crystalline thermoplastic polymer, is studied using finite element analysis. In this process, a circular polypropylene blank is preheated to a temperature much below its melting temperature and deep drawn into the shape of a flat‐bottom cylindrical cup using a punch‐die combination, both initially at 25°C. The material model used for the analysis considers the effects of varying temperature and strain rate during the deep drawing process on the depth of draw. The effects of blank holder force, initial blank temperature, blank diameter, and die and punch corner radii on the depth of draw are determined. Thickness, temperature, and strain variations in the drawn cups, punch forces, and failure modes are also determined.
Improved subspace modal identification of industrial robots
Authors: Qiao Yuting , Cao Junyi , Huang Guohui , Liu Huan , Lei Yaguo , Liu Qinghua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndustrial robots have become key components for manufacturing automations due to their larger workspaces and flexibility. However, low stiffness and high compliance of industrial robots may inevitably lead to vibration by self‐excitation or periodic force dependent on workspace configuration. Therefore, the knowledge of the robot's modal properties should be accurately required to enhance the operation accuracy of industrial robots. To improve the identification accuracy of experimental modal parameters of field industrial robots, an improved subspace identification method is proposed to perform nonlinear iterative optimization for updating the state parameters of industrial robots. Experimental response measurement of a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom industrial robot is carried out to obtain modal parameters under various poses. The identification results of the improved subspace modal method are preferable to that of the traditional method. Moreover, the reconstructed three‐dimension working frequency space is presented to exactly characterize experimental modal frequencies throughout its workspace. The proposed method effectively improves the identification accuracy of modal parameters when compared with the traditional algorithms and the influence of robots' pose change on modal parameters is also investigated by experimental modal measurements.
A New Class of Proton Conductors with Dramatically Enhanced Stability and High Conductivity for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Luo Zheyu , Zhou Yucun , Hu Xueyu , Wang Weining , Ding Yong , Zhang Weilin , Li Tongtong , Kane Nicholas , Liu Zhijun , Liu Meilin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReversible solid oxide cells based on proton conductors (P‐ReSOCs) have potential to be the most efficient and low‐cost option for large‐scale energy storage and power generation, holding promise as an enabler for the implementation of intermittent renewable energy technologies and the widespread utilization of hydrogen. Here, the rational design of a new class of hexavalent Mo/W‐doped proton‐conducting electrolytes with excellent durability while maintaining high conductivity is reported. Specifically, BaMo(W)0.03Ce0.71Yb0.26O3‐δ exhibits dramatically enhanced chemical stability against high concentrations of steam and carbon dioxide than the state‐of‐the‐art electrolyte materials while retaining similar ionic conductivity. In addition, P‐ReSOCs based on BaW0.03Ce0.71Yb0.26O3‐δ demonstrate high peak power densities of 1.54, 1.03, 0.72, and 0.48 W cm−2 at 650, 600, 550, and 500 °C, respectively, in the fuel cell mode. During steam electrolysis, a high current density of 2.28 A cm−2 is achieved at a cell voltage of 1.3 V at 600 °C, and the electrolysis cell can operate stably with no noticeable degradation when exposed to high humidity of 30% H2O at −0.5 A cm−2 and 600 °C for over 300 h. Overall, this work demonstrates the promise of donor doping for obtaining proton conductors with both high conductivity and chemical stability for P‐ReSOCs.
Reducing Carbonaceous Salts for Facile Fabrication of Monolayer Graphene
Authors: Wu Yujun , Yuan Yifei , Shuang Wei , Wang Liguang , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNovel methods and mechanisms for graphene fabrication are of great importance in the development of materials science. Herein, a facile method to directly convert carbonaceous salts into high‐quality freestanding graphene via a simple one‐step redox reaction, is reported. The redox couple can be a combination of sodium borohydride (reductant) and sodium carbonate (oxidant), which can readily react with each other when evenly mixed/calcined and yield gram‐scale, high‐quality, contamination‐free, micron‐sized, freestanding graphene. More importantly, this method is applicable to a variety of input reductants and oxidants that are low cost and easily accessible. An in‐depth investigation reveals that the carbonaceous oxidants can not only provide reduced carbon mass for graphene formation but also act as a self‐template to guide the polymerization of carbon atoms following the pattern of the monolayer, six‐carbon rings. In addition, the direct formation of graphene exhibits theoretically lower energy barriers than that of other allotropes such as fullerene and carbon nanotube. This facile, low‐cost, scalable, and applicable method for mass production of high‐quality graphene is expected to revolutionize graphene fabrication technology and boost its practical application to the industry level.
Closure of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator on 2D Almost-Riemannian Manifolds and Semi-Fredholm Properties of Differential Operators on Lie Manifolds
Authors: Beschastnyi Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe problem of determining the domain of the closure of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a 2D almost-Riemannian manifold is considered. Using tools from theory of Lie groupoids natural domains of perturbations of the Laplace-Beltrami operator are found. The main novelty is that the presented method allows us to treat geometries with tangency points. This kind of singularity is difficult to treat since those points do not have a tubular neighbourhood compatible with the almost-Riemannian metric.
A Geometric Look at Momentum Flux and Stress in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Gilbert Andrew D. , Vanneste Jacques 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe develop a geometric formulation of fluid dynamics, valid on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds, that regards the momentum-flux and stress tensors as 1-form-valued 2-forms, and their divergence as a covariant exterior derivative. We review the necessary tools of differential geometry and obtain the corresponding coordinate-free form of the equations of motion for a variety of inviscid fluid models—compressible and incompressible Euler equations, Lagrangian-averaged Euler-$$\alpha $$αequations, magnetohydrodynamics and shallow-water models—using a variational derivation which automatically yields a symmetric momentum flux. We also consider dissipative effects and discuss the geometric form of the Navier–Stokes equations for viscous fluids and of the Oldroyd-B model for visco-elastic fluids.
What Do We Mean by ‘That’s a Fallacious Narrative’?
Authors: Olmos Paula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper tries to offer a descriptive account of the normative workings of evaluative fallacy charges directed to narratives. In order to do that, I first defend the continuity and mutual dependence, as based on a dynamical conception of argument, between the ‘belief conception’ and the ‘argumentative conception’ of fallacy. Then, I construe a catalogue of ‘fallacy charges’ based on both such a continuity and the variety of counterarguments explored by the theoretical framework of Argument Dialectics. And finally, I apply these ideas and distinctions in the analysis of four examples of published texts in which the charge of ‘fallacious narrative’ is issued by a discursive agent against other discursive agents’ either full-fledged narratives or narrative assumptions. The analyses confirm some of the characteristics mentioned in the catalogue as well as the argumentative nature of fallacy charges, even when the censored discourse does not exactly or explicitly contain an argument. The analyses also help understand the distinction between a rather concrete ‘linguistic’ use of the term narrative and a more abstract and elusive ‘discursive’ one, in which the difficulties of both identifying the object of censorship and the exact meaning of the fallacy charge multiply.
Reservoirs facilitate colonization of river catchments by a native invasive fish through provision of pelagic larval rearing habitat
Authors: Bylak Aneta , Kukuła Krzysztof , Easton Ryan , Reid Malcolm , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDams on rivers are known to facilitate the colonisation and spread of aquatic alien and native invasive species, but the actual mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Since the construction of the Solina Dam on the upper San River system in Poland, European perch (Perca fluviatilis) have expanded their distribution into the headwaters of this river system, becoming a native invader. In this study, we assessed the spread of perch in detail over time upstream of the Solina Reservoir, and used otolith trace element microchemistry to determine the spawning and larval rearing locations of perch in the catchment upstream of the dam. Extensive sampling over several years across the catchment upstream of the Solina Reservoir confirmed the widespread occurrence of perch into the headwaters of the tributary river systems, with smaller size classes dominating locations closer to the Solina Reservoir. Despite perch being widely distributed upstream of the Solina Reservoir, otolith microchemical analysis indicated the populations from various reservoir tributaries mostly shared the same spawning and larval rearing habitat, most likely the Solina Reservoir. Our results suggest that reservoirs can facilitate the colonisation of river systems by providing a critical habitat element that would be otherwise missing from riverine landscapes, i.e., an extensive and productive pelagic larval rearing environment. This research shows that the impacts of large dams can extend many kilometers upstream from the river reaches directly affected by the resulting impoundment.
PortAqua: a low-cost, compact water quality meter for science communication
Authors: Pérez-López Carlos A. , Pantoja Wendy , Pérez-Taborda Jaime A. , Ávila Alba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater quality monitoring allows communities to achieve sustainable management of water resources, which is crucial for life-supporting processes. Water quality is determined by measuring chemical, physical, and biological parameters, requiring sophisticated meters and trained specialists to perform the measurement. However, in low-income communities, water quality is determined by using human senses—smell, color, and taste—since meter acquisition is limited by costs and most people do not know how to monitor water quality. Therefore, accessible technology is necessary to empower communities to have a sustainable lifestyle. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of PortAqua, a 2-parameter water quality meter (WQM), to promote training on water quality measurement. Using basic electronic components, PortAqua is capable of measuring pH with an error of 0.4, and conductivity with an error of 33% at 85 µS cm-1, and 8.7% at 1413 µS cm-1. To demonstrate its preliminary effectiveness as a WQM and its science communication capabilities, the meter has been used in a hands-on workshop with undergraduate and graduate students. During the workshop, attendees participated in a short lecture about water quality measurement techniques and local regulations. Then, they collected water samples from a local source, measured the samples using PortAqua, and discussed the results based on the concepts and regulations. The workshop’s effectiveness was evaluated through pre- and post-assessments which revealed increased knowledge of water quality regulations, measurement, and parameters at the end of the activity.
Copper nitride/silver nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical reduction method for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ścigała Aleksandra , Szczęsny Robert , Kamedulski Piotr , Trzcinski Marek , Szłyk Edward 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work presents attempts to synthesize silver-doped copper nitride nanostructures using chemical solution methods. Copper(II) nitrate and silver(I) nitrate were used as precursors and the oleylamine as a reducing and capping agent. Homogeneous Cu3N/Ag nanostructures with a diameter of ~ 20 nm were obtained in a one-pot synthesis by the addition of the copper(II) salt precursor to the already-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Synthesis in a two-pot procedure performed by adding Ag NPs to the reaction medium of the Cu3N synthesis resulted in the formation of a Cu3N@Ag nanocomposite, in which Ag NPs are uniformly distributed in the Cu3N matrix. The morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the obtained specimens were studied by TEM, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR methods, while optical properties using UV–Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry. The band gap energy decreased for Cu3N/Ag (Eg = 2.1 eV), in relation to pure Cu3N (Eg = 2.4. eV), suggesting the insertion of Ag atoms into the Cu3N crystal lattice. Additionally, Cu3N and Cu3N/Ag nanostructures were loaded on graphene (GNP) and tested as a catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The Cu3N/Ag-modified GNP hybrid material revealed catalytic activity superior to that of Cu3N-based GNP hybrid material and pure GNP, comparable to that of a commercial Pt/C electrode.
Graphical Abstract
Sampling Twitter users for social science research: evidence from a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vicente Paula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll social media platforms can be used to conduct social science research, but Twitter is the most popular as it provides its data via several Application Programming Interfaces, which allows qualitative and quantitative research to be conducted with its members. As Twitter is a huge universe, both in number of users and amount of data, sampling is generally required when using it for research purposes. Researchers only recently began to question whether tweet-level sampling—in which the tweet is the sampling unit—should be replaced by user-level sampling—in which the user is the sampling unit. The major rationale for this shift is that tweet-level sampling does not consider the fact that some core discussants on Twitter are much more active tweeters than other less active users, thus causing a sample biased towards the more active users. The knowledge on how to select representative samples of users in the Twitterverse is still insufficient despite its relevance for reliable and valid research outcomes. This paper contributes to this topic by presenting a systematic quantitative literature review of sampling plans designed and executed in the context of social science research in Twitter, including: (1) the definition of the target populations, (2) the sampling frames used to support sample selection, (3) the sampling methods used to obtain samples of Twitter users, (4) how data is collected from Twitter users, (5) the size of the samples, and (6) how research validity is addressed. This review can be a methodological guide for professionals and academics who want to conduct social science research involving Twitter users and the Twitterverse.