bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution stable isotope profiles from shells of the land snailPlacostylusreveal contrasting patterns between snails originating from New Zealand and New Caledonia
Authors: Quenu Mathieu , Judd Emily J. , Morgan‐richards Mary , Trewick Steven A. , Holt Katherine , Tyler Jonathan , Lorrey Andrew M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe stable oxygen (δ18Oshell) and carbon (δ13Cshell) isotope ratios retrieved from the carbonate shell of terrestrial gastropods can be used as an environmental proxy and are thought to reflect dietary composition and ambient climatic conditions (e.g. precipitation amount, humidity, temperature). Here, we generate high‐resolution isotopic profiles of nine modern land snails of the genusPlacostylus, collected from two locations in New Caledonia and one location in New Zealand. We found that snails from New Zealand had, on average, higher δ18Oshellvalues than their counterparts in New Caledonia, which surprisingly runs counter to the expected relationship based on the isotopic composition of rainwater between these two regions. Specimens from New Caledonia exhibit ephemeral decreases in their δ18Oshellvalues, which could be linked to extreme precipitation events in this region, while snails from New Zealand have less variation in their δ18Oshellvalues. Snails from New Zealand had, on average, slightly higher δ13Cshellthan their counterparts in New Caledonia, but a large difference in carbon isotopes was sometimes observed between snails collected at the same location. Most snails exhibit a temporal trend in their δ13Cshellvalues, indicating potential shifts in diet through to maturity.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Gestational Weight Gain on the Early Postpartum Pelvic Floor Using Transperineal Ultrasound
Authors: Sun Shitian , Li Hua , Liu Meiyan , Shang Qingmei , Tan Qi , Yin Weihong 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesWe herein evaluated the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum pelvic floor function using transperineal ultrasound (TPUS).MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the data from 228 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies who were evaluated for postpartum pelvic floor function between February 2022 and October 2022. According to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines regarding GWG, subjects were separated into three groups: inadequate GWG, recommended GWG, and excessive GWG. All underwent TPUS 6–10 weeks postpartum to assess bladder neck descent between rest and Valsalva (BND), retrovesical angle at Valsalva (RVA), urethral rotation angle between rest and Valsalva (URA), the area of levator hiatus at Valsalva (LHA), and abnormal pelvic floor function. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied to explore the association measures between GWG and the pelvic floor. A P‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 228 primiparous women, 113 (49.6%) showed excessive GWG. Univariate analysis revealed that there were no statistical differences in ultrasonic parameters of the pelvic floor among the three groups (P > .05). After adjusting for potential confounders and using the recommended GWG group as a reference group, inadequate GWG was significantly associated with BND ≥25 mm (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14–0.93), and excessive GWG was significantly associated with uterine prolapse (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.13–6.92).ConclusionsGWG was associated with the ultrasonic parameters of the female pelvic floor in the early postpartum period.
Two‐ Versus 8‐Zone Lung Ultrasound in Heart Failure: Analysis of a Large Data Set Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Baloescu Cristiana , Chen Alvin , Varasteh Alexander , Toporek Grzegorz , McNamara Robert L. , Raju Balasundar , Moore Chris 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveScanning protocols for lung ultrasound often include 8 or more lung zones, which may limit real‐world clinical use. We sought to compare a 2‐zone, anterior‐superior thoracic ultrasound protocol for B‐line artifact detection with an 8‐zone approach in patients with known or suspected heart failure using a deep learning (DL) algorithm.MethodsAdult patients with suspected heart failure and B‐lines on initial lung ultrasound were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Subjects received daily ultrasounds with a hand‐held ultrasound system using an 8‐zone protocol (right and left anterior/lateral and superior/inferior). A previously published deep learning algorithm that rates severity of B‐lines on a 0–4 scale was adapted for use on hand‐held ultrasound full video loops. Average severities for 8 and 2 zones were calculated utilizing DL ratings. Bland–Altman plot analyses were used to assess agreement and identify bias between 2‐ and 8‐zone scores for both primary (all patients, 5728 videos, 205 subjects) and subgroup (confirmed diagnosis of heart failure or pulmonary edema, 4464 videos, 147 subjects) analyses.ResultsBland–Altman plot analyses revealed excellent agreement for both primary and subgroup analyses. The absolute difference on the 4‐point scale between 8‐ and 2‐zone average scores was not significant for the primary dataset (0.03; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.07) or the subgroup (0.01; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.06).ConclusionUtilization of a 2‐zone, anterior‐superior thoracic ultrasound protocol provided similar severity information to an 8‐zone approach for a dataset of subjects with known or suspected heart failure.
The Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas Using a Neural Network Based on Nasopharyngoscopic Images
Authors: Wang Shi‐Xu , Li Ying , Zhu Ji‐Qing , Wang Mei‐Ling , Zhang Wei , Tie Cheng‐Wei , Wang Gui‐Qi , Ni Xiao‐Guang 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo construct and validate a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)‐based artificial intelligence (AI) system for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using archived nasopharyngoscopic images.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 14107 nasopharyngoscopic images (7108 NPCs and 6999 noncancers) to construct a DCNN model and prepared a validation dataset containing 3501 images (1744 NPCs and 1757 noncancers) from a single center between January 2009 and December 2020. The DCNN model was established using the You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) architecture. Four otolaryngologists were asked to review the images of the validation set to benchmark the DCNN model performance.ResultsThe DCNN model analyzed the 3501 images in 69.35 s. For the validation dataset, the precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score of the DCNN model in the detection of NPCs on white light imaging (WLI) and narrow band imaging (NBI) were 0.845 ± 0.038, 0.942 ± 0.021, 0.920 ± 0.024, and 0.890 ± 0.045, and 0.895 ± 0.045, 0.941 ± 0.018, and 0.975 ± 0.013, 0.918 ± 0.036, respectively. The diagnostic outcome of the DCNN model on WLI and NBI images was significantly higher than that of two junior otolaryngologists (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe DCNN model showed better diagnostic outcomes for NPCs than those of junior otolaryngologists. Therefore, it could assist them in improving their diagnostic level and reducing missed diagnoses.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:127–135, 2024
Feasibility of an Exoskeleton Armrest to Improve Ergonomics during Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Lobo David , Sancibrian Ramon , Mesones Angela , Llata José Ramón , Williams Monica , Viera‐Artiles Jaime 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel exoskeleton system designed to provide ergonomic assistance to surgeons while preserving or improving the quality of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgical procedures.MethodsTo evaluate the functionality and ergonomic characteristics of the device, five experiments were conducted in different and increasingly realistic scenarios: silicone model of the nasal cavity, freshly frozen cadavers and finally in a real surgery. Each volunteer's task was recorded and timed. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX) rating scale was used to estimate the surgeons' workload while performing the tasks.ResultsTwenty‐five volunteers took part in the experiments. Volunteers perceived more comfort and less fatigue and pain when using the armrest than when not using the device (3.3, SD 1.75 vs. 5.9 SD 1.49; p = 0.02). Participants found the device intuitive, comfortable, and improving accuracy and stability with endoscope use.ConclusionA new system that provides ergonomic assistance to surgeons was tested in simulation surgery with acceptable usability. Initial results in terms of pain and fatigue reduction and efficiency were excellent, justifying further research into this technology.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:79–86, 2024
Dimerization of Polyglutamine within the PRIME20 Model using Stochastic Approximation Monte Carlo
Authors: Lauer Christian , Paul Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents a numerical investigation of the dimerization of polyglutamine homo‐peptides of varying length. It employs the PRIME20 intermediate resolution protein model and studies it with a flat‐histogram type Monte Carlo simulation that gives access to the thermodynamic equilibrium of this model over the complete control parameter range (for the simulations this is temperature). For densities comparable to typical in vitro experimental conditions, this study finds that the aggregation and folding of the polyglutamine chains occur concurrently. However, as a function of chain length the sequence of establishment of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding contacts changes. Chains longer than about N = 24 polyglutamine repeat units fold first and then aggregate. This agrees well with the experimental finding that, beyond N = 24 the single polyglutamine chain is the critical nucleus for the aggregation of amyloid fibrils. A finite size scaling of the ordering temperatures reveals that for this chain length (and longer chains) folding occurs at physiological (respectively larger) temperatures, whereas shorter chains are disordered at physiological conditions.
A systematic review of social processes and mechanisms in the community that influence risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Yang Youngran , Jeong Jieun , Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine the associations between social processes and mechanisms within the community and risky sexual behaviour (RSB) among adolescents and young adults.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and conducted a literature search in August 2020. From 11,216 identified articles, 605 were for full‐text screen. We used 24 articles, 22 after applying inclusion criteria and 2 manually searched relevant articles.ResultsSocial processes and mechanisms within the community included collective efficiency and social support, community safety and community norm. Collective efficacy and social support and community safety were examined using 10 and 16 studies, respectively. We found that collective efficiency and social support, and community norms partially supported the occurrences of RSB among adolescents and young adults. Community safety displayed inconclusive relationships with RSB.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of social processes and mechanisms within the community in preventing RSB among adolescents and young adults. Community‐based programs to improve community efficacy and social support would be effective strategies to reduce such RSB and to promote better reproductive health among adolescents and young adults.
Differential and sex‐ and age‐specific risks of cardiometabolic diseases with unrelated metabolic syndrome dimensions
Authors: Ao Linjun , Willems van Dijk Ko , van Heemst Diana , Noordam Raymond 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether independent dimensions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are associated differentially with incident cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsPrincipal components analysis was performed using the five MetS components from 153,073 unrelated European‐ancestry participants (55% women) from the UK Biobank. The associations of the principal components (PCs) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and (ischemic) stroke were analyzed using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models in groups stratified by sex and baseline age.ResultsPC1 (40.5% explained variance; increased waist circumference with dyslipidemia) and PC2 (22.7% explained variance; hyperglycemia) were both associated with incident cardiometabolic disease. Hazard ratios for CAD and T2D were higher for PC1 than for PC2 (1.27 [95% CI: 1.25–1.29] vs. 1.06 [95% CI: 1.03–1.08] and 2.09 [95% CI: 2.03–2.16] vs. 1.39 [95% CI: 1.34–1.44], respectively). Furthermore, the association of PC1 with T2D was slightly higher for women than for men, and especially the HRs of PC1 with CAD and T2D attenuated with increasing age (p values for heterogeneity test among subgroups < 0.05).ConclusionsMetS can be dissected into two distinct presentations characterized by differential sex‐ and age‐associated cardiometabolic disease risk, confirming the loss of information using the dichotomous MetS.
Finite element based modeling and simulation of an elastomer gear rim
Authors: Menning Johannes D.M. , Ewert Arthur , Prokopchuk Artem , Schlecht Berthold , Henke Markus , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJaw couplings have become an indispensable part for industrial applications. Besides the compensation of radial, axial and angular misalignments, they are crucial for the reduction of torque shocks in drive systems. However, due to the complex material behavior of the elastic gear rim, which is typically made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), there are few numerical models to describe the behavior of jaw couplings. In the present work, the material behavior of the gear rim is obtained by uniaxial loading‐unloading tests performed at different deformation rates and temperatures. By using experimental data, a hyperviscoelastic material model was fitted and a numerical model of a jaw coupling was realized in the finite element tool ABAQUS. Based on this model, (i) the relationship between torsion and torque as well as (ii) the deformation behavior of the gear rim was determined.
Efficient mapping of RNA‐binding residues in RNA‐binding proteins using local sequence features of binding site residues in protein‐RNA complexes
Authors: Agarwal Ankita , Kant Shri , Bahadur Ranjit Prasad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein‐RNA interactions play vital roles in plethora of biological processes such as regulation of gene expression, protein synthesis, mRNA processing and biogenesis. Identification of RNA‐binding residues (RBRs) in proteins is essential to understand RNA‐mediated protein functioning, to perform site‐directed mutagenesis and to develop novel targeted drug therapies. Moreover, the extensive gap between sequence and structural data restricts the identification of binding sites in unsolved structures. However, efficient use of computational methods demanding only sequence to identify binding residues can bridge this huge sequence‐structure gap. In this study, we have extensively studied protein‐RNA interface in known RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). We find that the interface is highly enriched in basic and polar residues with Gly being the most common interface neighbor. We investigated several amino acid features and developed a method to predict putative RBRs from amino acid sequence. We have implemented balanced random forest (BRF) classifier with local residue features of protein sequences for prediction. With 5‐fold cross‐validations, the sequence pattern derived dipeptide composition based BRF model (DCP‐BRF) resulted in an accuracy of 87.9%, specificity of 88.8%, sensitivity of 82.2%, Mathew's correlation coefficient of 0.60 and AUC of 0.93, performing better than few existing methods. We further validated our prediction model on known human RBPs through RBR prediction and could map ~54% of them. Further, knowledge of binding site preferences obtained from computational predictions combined with experimental validations of potential RNA binding sites can enhance our understanding of protein‐RNA interactions. This may serve to accelerate investigations on functional roles of many novel RBPs.
Comparison of drip‐irrigated or injected allyl isothiocyanate against key soil‐borne pathogens and weeds
Authors: Zhang Yi , Fang Wensheng , Yan Dongdong , Ji Yutong , Chen Xinhua , Guo Anmin , Song Zhaoxin , Li Yuan , Cao Aocheng , Wang Qiuxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil biofumigant used for controlling soil‐borne pests that reduce the growth, quality, and yield of food crops. Its effectiveness against pathogens depends largely on its distribution in the soil, which is influenced mainly by the soil water content and application method. The distributions of AITC when injected with different moisture content or drip‐irrigated into soils were compared.RESULTSAITC injected at 50 g m−2 only diffused 10 cm deep in soil column with 5, 10 or 15% soil moisture content. The gas AITC peak concentration was 0.64 μg cm−3 at 5% moisture content. Diffusion was reduced when moisture content increased to more than 15%. The results of adsorption kinetics and release indicated that AITC's limited distribution was due to its low vapor pressure. AITC applied by drip irrigation at 7.5 g m−2 diffused 15 cm laterally and 30 cm deep where it reached concentrations of 0.022 μg cm−3 and 0.035 μg g−1, respectively. Some soil‐borne pathogens, nematodes and weed seeds closed to the point of AITC release were effectively controlled under drip irrigation, but efficacy decreased with increased distance. AITC applied by drip irrigation at 7.5 g m−2 and covered with PE film for 5 days provided a satisfactory efficacy against soil‐borne pathogens and weeds without any phytotoxicity.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that AITC applied by drip irrigation was more effective than injection, which will guide applicators on methods to optimize the application of AITC for efficient control of key pests and weeds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic response and safety analysis of polyethylene pipeline under rockfall conditions
Authors: Yang Yuan‐Jian , Liu Gui‐Hua , Yu Peng , Huang Chao , Li Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe safety of buried gas pipelines in mountainous cities is at risk due to potential hazards such as landslides and rock falls. To ensure the safety of pipelines, this paper develops a three‐dimensional dynamic response model to reveal the impact of rockfall radius, rockfall impact velocity, and pipe burial depth on the dynamic response of buried polyethylene pipelines (PE pipelines) under rockfall conditions. Subsequently, an orthogonal experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are performed to identify critical factors. Ultimately, a multi‐factor limit state equation is constructed to assess the safety of PE pipelines accordingly failure prevention actions for buried gas pipelines under the impact of rockfall is specified. Overall, this proposed method contributes to safety analysis of buried PE pipelines in rockfall‐prone areas.
Arenes and Heteroarenes C−H Functionalization Under Enabling Conditions: Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry & Flow Technology
Authors: Murtaza Ayesha , Ulhaq Zia , Shirinfar Bahareh , Rani Sadia , Aslam Samina , Martins Guilherme M. , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractC−H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single‐step transformation. However, the activation of C−H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre‐functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre‐activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost‐effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C−H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.
Konzeptioneller Rahmen der theoretischen Analyse
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Zielsetzung des theoretischen Teils dieser Arbeit ergibt sich aus den ersten beiden Forschungsdesiderata des vorigen Abschnittes und liegt darin, eine didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse durchzuführen und damit funktionsklassenspezifische Grundvorstellungen zum Sinus zu begründen und zu formulieren. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird in diesem Abschnitt eine Begriffsklärung vorgenommen und dargelegt, worum es sich bei Grundvorstellungen und mathematischen Darstellungen, die als Träger von Grundvorstellungen aufgefasst werden können, aus didaktischer Sicht handelt. Anschließend wird die Entwicklung der didaktisch orientierten Sachanalyse in der Mathematikdidaktik geklärt und damit klargestellt, was unter einer didaktisch orientierten mathematischen Sachanalyse verstanden werden kann.
Didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse der Trigonometrie
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Herleitung von Grundvorstellungen durch eine didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse ist ein in vieler Hinsicht offenes Forschungsfeld. Eine der wenigen Arbeiten die sich mit dieser Aufgabe auseinandersetzt, wurde von Salle und Clüver (2021) veröffentlicht und beschäftigt sich mit der Herleitung der Verhältnis- und Projektionsvorstellung des Sinus. Um die Ursprünge möglicher weiterer Grundvorstellungen zur Sinusfunktion auf normativer Ebene zu klären, wird in diesem Kapitel eine didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse durchgeführt, wie sie in Abschnitt 3.4 beschrieben wurde.
Zusammenfassung und Perspektiven
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas erste Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Durchführung einer didaktisch orientierten Sachanalyse zum Sinus in Hinblick auf die historische, logische und individuelle Genese der Trigonometrie. Dazu wurde zunächst auf die frühere und heutige Rolle der Trigonometrie im mathematischen Schulunterricht eingegangen, die einen Einblick in die intendierte individuelle Genese von Lernenden erlaubt. Anschließend wurde die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Trigonometrie nachgezeichnet und didaktisch reflektiert.
Über Partnerschaft und Macht
Authors: Ruppel Samantha 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Buch setzt sich mit dem Element der Partnerschaft in der Zusammenarbeit von Akteur*innen der Friedensarbeit auseinander. Deswegen wird in diesem Kapitel zunächst dargestellt, was über partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen lokalen und internationalen beziehungsweise externen Akteur*innen in der Friedensarbeit bekannt ist. Mithilfe einer Geschichte aus der Forschung zum ZFD (unter einem partnerschaftlichen und machtkritischen Blickwinkel) wird zunächst ethnografisch und praxisnah auch dieses Thema beleuchtet und anschließend in den Diskurs um Macht eingeführt.
Fallauswahl
Authors: Ruppel Samantha 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird zunächst die Fallauswahl der drei Länder in denen Forschung außerhalb Deutschland sattgefunden beleuchtet. Dies sind: Kenia, Liberia und Sierra Leone. Anschließend folgt ein kurzer allgemeiner Überblick über diese Länder, der kurz auf vergangene Konfliktlinien eingeht und auf solche Konflikte, die während der Forschung relevant waren. Abschließend wird die Situation der Zivilgesellschaft und insbesondere der Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) geschildert.