bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy‐based techniques for clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Recent advances, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Verma Sandeep , Bhatia Sakshi , Zeadally Sherali , Kaur Satnam 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of tiny sensors deployed to collect data. These sensors are powered with batteries that have limited power. Recharging and/or replacement of these batteries, however, are not always feasible. Over the past few years, WSN applications are being deployed in diverse fields such as military, manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and so on. With the ever‐increasing applications of WSNs, improving the energy efficiency of the WSNs still remains to be a challenge. Applying fuzzy logic to the problem of clustering exploits the uncertainty associated with the factors that affect the lifetime of these sensors and enables the development of models that would improve their performance in real‐world applications. We present a comprehensive review of various fuzzy‐based techniques for clustering in WSNs whose main goal is to optimize energy usage in WSNs while simultaneously improving their overall performance.
Nest success of ground‐nesting ducks in the wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Bell Mark E. , Conover Michael R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe number of ground‐nesting ducks in the wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah has drastically decreased in the past few decades. A potential cause for this decline is the increase of predator species and their abundances, which has caused most nests to fail from depredation. Ground‐nesting ducks may be able to reduce the risk of nest depredation by selecting nest sites where local physical structures or vegetation provides olfactory or visual concealment. To test this, we used logistic exposure models to look at the effect of nest‐site characteristics on daily survival rates (DSRs) of nests during 2019, 2020, and 2021 in the wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah. We found 825 duck nests including 458 cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera), 166 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and 201 gadwalls (Mareca strepera). DSRs were 0.9714 ± 0.0019 in 2019, 0.9282 ± 0.0049 in 2020, and 0.8274 ± 0.0185 in 2021. Survival rates varied among years but not among duck species. Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) were responsible for 85% of depredated nests. Nests located near other duck nests had higher DSRs than more dispersed nests. Neither visual nor olfactory characteristics correlated with increased DSRs based on AICc analysis. Nests located inside a mixed nesting colony of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black‐necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), and common terns (Sterna hirundo) had higher DSRs than duck nests outside the colony. Increased nesting densities of ducks and other colonial waterbirds had the greatest impact on nesting success. Increased nest density may be encouraged through early spring green‐up.
Canada lynx foraging strategies: Facultative specialists become obligate generalists toward the distribution edge
Authors: Szumski Christa M. , Roth James D. , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpatial and temporal variation in prey availability can affect predator foraging strategies, but it is unclear how large‐scale gradients in prey availability shape predator diets in space and time. The facultative specialist hypothesis predicts that niche expansion by specialist predators is advantageous when preferred prey are limited and alternate prey are available, as might be expected following the collapse of primary prey populations in species‐poor environments or at range margins where species assemblages shift. Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are broadly distributed and prey predominantly on snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), with other species serving as alternate prey when hares are limited. We used stable isotope analysis of lynx, snowshoe hare, and red squirrel hair during periods of high/low snowshoe hare availability from five regions throughout their distribution, to measure spatiotemporal changes in diet and test the facultative specialist hypothesis. Hares were the primary food item in all lynx diets, irrespective of space and time. Core lynx populations consumed the greatest proportion of hares overall and increased the use of alternate prey when hares were limited. Despite fluctuations in hare availability, lynx toward the southeastern extent of their distribution invariably consumed alternate prey in similar proportions to those exhibited by core populations during hare lows. The temporal consistency of lynx diets in these regions indicates that broader diets are obligate along this distribution edge. Our results provide new evidence for the facultative specialist hypothesis across a broad spatial scale and emphasize that, as specialist–generalist paradigms operate along a continuum, so too can obligate–facultative strategies depending on environmental context.
How myeloid cells shape experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: At the crossroads of outside‐in immunity
Authors: Diebold Martin , Fehrenbacher Luca , Frosch Maximilian , Prinz Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. It is most commonly used to mimic aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disorder of the human brain and spinal cord. The innate immune response displays one of the core pathophysiological features linked to both the acute and chronic stages of MS. Hence, understanding and targeting the innate immune response is essential. Microglia and other CNS resident MUs, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells, diverge substantially in terms of both their biology and their roles in EAE. Recent advances in the field show that antigen presentation, as well as disease‐propagating and regulatory interactions with lymphocytes, can be attributed to specific myeloid cell types and cell states in EAE lesions, following a distinct temporal pattern during disease initiation, propagation and recovery. Furthermore, single‐cell techniques enable the assessment of characteristic proinflammatory as well as beneficial cell states, and identification of potential treatment targets. Here, we discuss the principles of EAE induction and protocols for varying experimental paradigms, the composition of the myeloid compartment of the CNS during health and disease, and systematically review effects on myeloid cells for therapeutic approaches in EAE.
T‐cell signature cytokines distinguish pulmonary sarcoidosis from pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Jain Rashi , Kumari Rinkee , Chakraborty Sushmita , Mitra Dipendra K. , Mohan Anant , Hadda Vijay , Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by tissue infiltration due to mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes and associated noncaseating granuloma formation. Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) shares a number of clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics with that of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Due to this, clinicians face issues in differentiating between PS and PTB in a substantial number of cases. There is a lack of any specific biomarker that can diagnose PS distinctively from PTB. We compared T‐cell‐based signature cytokines in patients with PS and PTB. In this study, we proposed a serum biomarker panel consisting of cytokines from cells: T helper (Th) 1 [interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ); tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)], Th9 [interleukin (IL)‐9], Th17 [IL‐17], and T regulatory (Treg) [IL‐10; transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)]. We performed the principal component analysis that demonstrated that our serum cytokine panel has a significant predictive ability to differentiate PS from PTB. Our results could aid clinicians to improve the diagnostic workflow for patients with PS in TB endemic settings where the diagnosis between PS and PTB is often ambiguous.
DBS‐Based Eutectogels: Organized Vessels to Perform the Michael Addition Reaction**
Authors: Rizzo Carla , Marullo Salvatore , Benaglia Maurizio , D'Anna Francesca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSupramolecular eutectogels were obtained from the gelation of 1,3 : 2,4‐dibenzylidene‐D‐sorbitol (DBS) in cholinium chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents (DES), differing for the nature of the hydrogen bond donor. Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol and urea were tested. Soft materials were fully characterized, determining critical gelation concentration, gel‐sol transition temperatures and mechanical properties. Furthermore, to have information about the organization of the gelator in the tridimensional network, resonance light scattering, circular dichroism and microscopy investigations were performed. Eutectogels were used as organized “vessels” to perform the L‐proline catalyzed Michael addition reaction. The probe reaction was carried out in gel phase and in DES solution. Data collected shed light on the effect that gel microenvironment exerts on the outcome of the reaction. In general, gel phases allowed having comparable or even better results than the ones collected in DES solution, with better results obtained in soft materials with the highest organization, as accounted for by the presence of larger aggregates and the occurrence of stronger intermolecular interactions. In turn, this accounts also for the effect of substrates structure that indicates that better yields could be obtained in the presence of more flexible nucleophile and dienones, having more extended π‐surface.
Educational attainment in eating disorders: What can we learn from visualising data
Authors: Nielsen Søren , Vilmar Janne Walløe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEducational attainment is an understudied outcome in eating disorders (ED). We compared the educational attainment of individuals with and without ED.MethodsThis study is a nationwide, register‐based, observational epidemiological study using record linkage. The studied cohorts were (1) all persons treated psychiatrically for ED from 1970 to 2014, and (2) a control population matched for sex, age, and place of residence. The International Standard Classification of Education 2011 was used to classify educational attainment. We employed ineqord, a series of graphical and analytical tools that are appropriate for comparing the distributions of ordinal data (Jenkins, 2020).ResultsFemales with ED attained higher educational levels than males with ED. Males with ED had lower average educational levels than controls. On average, female controls attained higher educational levels than patients with ED in the eating disorders not otherwise specified or overeating groups. Females with anorexia nervosa, differed from matched controls: While their median was the same, too many participants were in the lower and higher levels of educational attainment. Females with bulimia nervosa had higher educational levels than matched controls on average.ConclusionsEducational attainment differs between individuals with and without out ED for all ED diagnoses and in both sexes.
Association between antibiotic use during early life and early‐onset colorectal cancer risk overall and according to polygenic risk and FUT2 genotypes
Authors: Jiang Fangyuan , Boakye Daniel , Sun Jing , Wang Lijuan , Yu Lili , Zhou Xuan , Zhao Jianhui , Bian Zilong , Song Peige , He Yazhou , Zhu Yingshuang , Chen Jie , Yuan Shuai , Song Mingyang , Larsson Susanna C. , Giovannucci Edward L , Theodoratou Evropi , Ding Kefeng , Li Xue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has been increasing worldwide. Potential risk factors may have occurred in childhood or adolescence. We investigated the associations between early‐life factors and EOCRC risk, with a particular focus on long‐term or recurrent antibiotic use (LRAU) and its interaction with genetic factors. Data on the UK Biobank participants recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to February 2022 were used. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the associations between LRAU during early life and EOCRC risk overall and by polygenic risk score (constructed by 127 CRC‐related genetic variants) and Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), a gut microbiota regulatory gene. We also assessed the associations for early‐onset colorectal adenomas, as precursor lesion of CRC, to examine the effect of LRAU during early‐life and genetic factors on colorectal carcinogenesis. A total of 113 256 participants were included in the analysis, with 165 EOCRC cases and 719 EOCRA cases. LRAU was nominally associated with increased risk of early‐onset CRC (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01‐2.17, P = .046) and adenomas (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17‐1.68, P < .001). When stratified by genetic polymorphisms of FUT2, LRAU appeared to confer a comparatively greater risk for early‐onset adenomas among participants with rs281377 TT genotype (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.79‐1.52, P = .587, for CC genotype; OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.16‐2.64, P = .008, for TT genotype; Pinteraction = .089). Our study suggested that LRAU during early life is associated with increased risk of early‐onset CRC and adenomas, and the association for adenomas is predominant among individuals with rs281377 TT/CT genotype. Further studies investigating how LRAU contributes together with genetic factors to modify EOCRC risk, particularly concerning the microbiome‐related pathway underlying colorectal carcinogenesis, are warranted.
Can we predict peritoneal adhesions formation after cesarean delivery?
Authors: Saban Alla , Shoham‐Vardi Ilana , Stein Liane , Eshkoli Tamar , Weintraub Adi Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine demographic and obstetrical factors that are associated with adhesion formation following cesarean delivery.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study that included all women over 18 years og age who underwent two cesarean deliveries between the years 1988 and 2016 in a large tertiary medical center. We excluded women with adhesions already diagnosed during the first cesarean delivery, history of other abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease, history of endometriosis and history of uterine Müllerian anomalies. In addition, women with a classical or T‐shaped uterine incision, non‐singleton pregnancies, and fetal chromosomal or structural abnormalities were excluded.ResultsDuring the study period, 32.6% (n = 2283) of women were diagnosed with peritoneal adhesions during the second cesarean delivery. Factors found to be significantly associated with peritoneal adhesions were maternal age 35 years or older at the first cesarean delivery, Bedouin Arab ethnicity, composite of intrapartum and postpartum infectious morbidity, and cesarean deliveries that were performed after the onset of labor. In contrast, having a previous vaginal birth was found to be protective.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a woman's characteristics at her first cesarean delivery and her obstetrical history may be predictive of the likelihood of adhesion formation.
Simultaneous robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair using a polypropylene mesh: Report of two cases
Authors: Yajima Shugo , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Hirose Kohei , Katsumura Sao , Kataoka Madoka , Masuda Hitoshi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionWe report two cases where robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair were performed simultaneously.Case presentationIn case one, hernia repair was performed by implantation of 3D Max™ mesh and closure of the peritoneum. Total console time was 156 min, of which hernia repair took 21 min. In case two, hernia repair was performed using Ventralight™ ST mesh. Total console time was 181 min, of which hernia repair took 23 min. Pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in case two but not in case one. Both patients were discharged 7 days postoperatively without severe complications or mesh infection.ConclusionIt may be possible to perform robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and inguinal hernia repair simultaneously.
Research on 3D advertising placement based on virtual reality simulation
Authors: Xu Lijing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVirtual reality based on computer 3D technology has brought revolutionary changes in advertising creativity. To enhance the economic value of advertising itself, it is necessary to provide personalized and precise advertising placement for users from a massive advertising database. A recommendation system based on deep graph convolutional networks is a personalized system that can recommend based on their attributes and historical records. However, complex models are required to learn higher‐order feature information, and the mining of user interaction behavior is insufficient. This article proposes a graph convolutional network with multi‐head attention embedding for 3D advertising placement. We construct advertising graph data based on user behavior and multi‐feature embedding mapping. To exploit higher‐order features, a multi‐head attention mechanism is embedded in the graph convolutional network. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves better performance compared to other depth models on Criteo and Avazu datasets. We will deploy the entire model on the server to achieve precise advertising placement.
Weakly Supervised MRI Slice‐Level Deep Learning Classification of Prostate Cancer Approximates Full Voxel‐ and Slice‐Level Annotation: Effect of Increasing Training Set Size
Authors: Weißer Cedric , Netzer Nils , Görtz Magdalena , Schütz Viktoria , Hielscher Thomas , Schwab Constantin , Hohenfellner Markus , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Maier‐Hein Klaus H. , Bonekamp David 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundWeakly supervised learning promises reduced annotation effort while maintaining performance.PurposeTo compare weakly supervised training with full slice‐wise annotated training of a deep convolutional classification network (CNN) for prostate cancer (PC).Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne thousand four hundred eighty‐nine consecutive institutional prostate MRI examinations from men with suspicion for PC (65 ± 8 years) between January 2015 and November 2020 were split into training (N = 794, enriched with 204 PROSTATEx examinations) and test set (N = 695).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 and 3T, T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo and diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging.AssessmentHistopathological ground truth was provided by targeted and extended systematic biopsy. Reference training was performed using slice‐level annotation (SLA) and compared to iterative training utilizing patient‐level annotations (PLAs) with supervised feedback of CNN estimates into the next training iteration at three incremental training set sizes (N = 200, 500, 998). Model performance was assessed by comparing specificity at fixed sensitivity of 0.97 [254/262] emulating PI‐RADS ≥ 3, and 0.88–0.90 [231–236/262] emulating PI‐RADS ≥ 4 decisions.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) was compared using DeLong and Obuchowski test. Sensitivity and specificity were compared using McNemar test. Statistical significance threshold was P = 0.05.ResultsTest set (N = 695) ROC‐AUC performance of SLA (trained with 200/500/998 exams) was 0.75/0.80/0.83, respectively. PLA achieved lower ROC‐AUC of 0.64/0.72/0.78. Both increased performance significantly with increasing training set size. ROC‐AUC for SLA at 500 exams was comparable to PLA at 998 exams (P = 0.28). ROC‐AUC was significantly different between SLA and PLA at same training set sizes, however the ROC‐AUC difference decreased significantly from 200 to 998 training exams. Emulating PI‐RADS ≥ 3 decisions, difference between PLA specificity of 0.12 [51/433] and SLA specificity of 0.13 [55/433] became undetectable (P = 1.0) at 998 exams. Emulating PI‐RADS ≥ 4 decisions, at 998 exams, SLA specificity of 0.51 [221/433] remained higher than PLA specificity at 0.39 [170/433]. However, PLA specificity at 998 exams became comparable to SLA specificity of 0.37 [159/433] at 200 exams (P = 0.70).Data ConclusionWeakly supervised training of a classification CNN using patient‐level‐only annotation had lower performance compared to training with slice‐wise annotations, but improved significantly faster with additional training data.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
When perceiving a coworker as creative affects social networks over time: A network theory of social capital perspective
Authors: Koseoglu Gamze , Breidenthal Amy P. , Shalley Christina E. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWe conceptualize “perceived coworker creativity” as a resource that people seek to acquire through their relationships. Applying the Network Theory of Social Capital (NTSC), we examine whether perceiving a coworker as creative changes the closeness of the relationship an employee develops with this coworker and how being perceived as creative by others in the organization changes the weighted indegree centrality of this coworker in the organizational network over time. We also examine the role of gender and nationality similarity as moderators. We test our hypotheses in three studies: an experimental study of full‐time employees, a longitudinal study of full‐time employees over 8 weeks, and a longitudinal study of MBA students over 1 year. We find that employees tend to develop closer relationships over time with coworkers that they perceive as creative, and that this effect is generally stronger when these two individuals are of the opposite gender or different nationalities. Additionally, when more employees perceive a coworker as creative, it is more likely that this coworker will become more central in the network over time for those who belong to a minority group in terms of nationality.
Study of the acetylation‐induced changes in the physicochemical and functional characteristics of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran
Authors: Ke Sheng , Wang Xuanyu , Wang Anqi , Zhuang Min , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat bran is rich in dietary fiber (DF), particularly insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Although the benefits for human health following the consumption of these DFs have been documented, the lower water retention capacity (WRC) and other properties still limit the applications of DF. Therefore, the current research investigated the impact of acetylation on the changes in the corresponding physicochemical and functional properties of DF.RESULTSThe current results indicated the acetylated group restricted the alignment of the molecular chains, which led to an increased amorphous phase in the fiber structure, followed by an enhanced thermal sensitivity and a reduced crystallinity as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the acetylation of the IDFs enhanced the cholesterol absorption capacity, but the corresponding antioxidant capacity and cation exchange capacity were reduced, which might be due to the partial loss of the phenolic compounds onto the polysaccharides during the modification. Interestingly, a lower degree of substitution (DS) of the IDF achieved from water‐acetic anhydride modification led to a higher WRC and water swelling capacity (WSC). In contrast, a higher DS from acetic anhydride modification demonstrated a greatly improved in vitro hypoglycemic performance of the IDF, including α‐amylase inhibitory activity and glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), compared to the other samples.CONCLUSIONThis study highlights a new approach to modify the functionality of IDFs via acetylation and the design of a novel IDF with hypoglycemic activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.