bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rectus femoris and vastus intermedius thickness measurement by ultrasound before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes
Authors: Kandil Nour Mohamed , El Toukhy Marwan Mohamed , Al-Feeshawy Ahmed Saeed Hussein , Hashem Aya Mohamed Bassam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries which are common in violent sports require anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to restore knee joint stabilization. Rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) weakness are among the notable changes after ACLR. This weakness can be hazardous to the patient as it could decrease functional activity and thus increases the chances of re-injury. The objectives of the current study were to measure the (RF) thickness, (VI) thickness and the total (RF + VI) thickness on (ACL) reconstructed limb and the non-reconstructed limb of athletes using ultrasound and to compare the results pre-operatively and 6–8 months post-operative.

Results
The reconstructed limb showed a significant decrease in (RF), (VI) and the total thickness in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd measurements compared to that of non- reconstructed limb post-operatively. In both limbs, the decrease of (VI) thickness was significantly higher than (RF) thickness in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd measurements (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions
Ultrasound can be used to assess quadriceps atrophy (including the individual muscles) found after ACLR. Ultrasound is an affordable and easily available modality as compared to MRI and CT scans for the assessment of RF and VI muscle weakness in athletes with ACLR during the rehabilitation period and can guide selective rehabilitation protocols if wasting is identified early.
Preferences for services in a patient’s first six months on antiretroviral therapy for HIV in South Africa and Zambia (PREFER): research protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Maskew Mhairi , Ntjikelane Vinolia , Juntunen Allison , Scott Nancy , Benade Mariet , Sande Linda , Hasweeka Pamfred , Haimbe Prudence , Lumano-Mulenga Priscilla , Shakewelele Hilda , Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya Mpande , Rosen Sydney 
Published: September 2023

Background For patients on HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the highest risk for loss from care consistently remains the first six months after antiretroviral (ART) initiation, when patients are not yet eligible for most existing differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. To reduce disengagement from care during this period, we must gain a comprehensive understanding of patients’ needs, concerns, resources, and preferences for service delivery during this period. The PREFER study will use a sequential mixed-methods approach to survey a sample of patients in South Africa and Zambia 0-6 months after ART initiation to develop a detailed profile of patient characteristics and needs. Protocol PREFER is an observational, prospective cohort study of adult patients on ART for ≤6 months at 12 public sector healthcare facilities in Zambia and 18 in South Africa that aims to inform the design of DSD models for the early HIV treatment period. It has four components: 1) survey of clients 0-6 months after ART initiation; 2) follow up through routinely collected medical records for <12 or <24 months after enrollment; 3) focus group discussions to explore specific issues raised in the survey; and 4) in South Africa only, collection of blood samples self-reported naïve participants to assess the prevalence of ARV metabolites indicating prior ART use. Results will include demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, self-reported HIV care histories, preferences for treatment delivery, and predictors of disengagement. Conclusions PREFER aims to understand why the early treatment period is so challenging and how service delivery can be amended to address the obstacles that lead to early disengagement from care and to distinguish the barriers encountered by naïve patients to those facing re-initiators. The information collected by PREFER will help respond to patients’ needs and design better strategies for service delivery and improve resource allocation going forward.
Gender, hierarchy and implicit bias: An interdisciplinary pilot simulation study
Authors: Ahmedli Nigar N. , Ngo Michelle , Yang Greenberg Catherina , Schiff Elliot , Chambers Terry-Ann , Patel Roshan , Vivek Kumar , Straker Tracey , Yang Christina J. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Interdisciplinary collaboration and team dynamics play critical roles in patient safety, especially in the management of airway emergencies. However, these interactions can be influenced by implicit biases, which are often heightened in emergency scenarios in which Type 1 thinking predominates. This study aimed to understand the complex relationships of gender bias and hierarchy in a simulated airway emergency. Methods: Using the validated modified Advocacy-Inquiry Score (mAIS), we designed a simulation focused on the interaction between otolaryngology residents and anesthesiology attendings when deviation from the emergency airway management algorithm was introduced. A total of 15 otolaryngology residents were recruited. mAIS values were compared between female and male residents (self-identified gender) and by PGY-level. Results: The mean mAIS in female versus male participants was 4.11 (SD 0.44) versus 4.41 (SD 0.51) (p=0.12), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean scores based on either gender or PGY-level. Twelve participants demonstrated male association with career and female association with family on the Implicit Association Test while three were neutral. Results from our debriefing sessions indicated that females were challenged more and spoke up less than their male counterparts, even when they were clinically more experienced. Conclusions: This pilot study prompted conversation within our institution’s departments of otolaryngology and anesthesia about training and empowering residents to employ cognitive and interpersonal skills to challenge a superior when appropriate. Our simulation design fosters recognition and discussion of implicit biases related to gender and hierarchy and is adaptable to numerous other specialties and fields in healthcare.
CRIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Cerqueira Anne , Freitas Filho Assis , Públio Araylton , Quadros Gusmão Eliane , Miranda Iderval , Magalhães Jorge , Santos Silva Mirian , Lopes Raymundo Luiz , Nery Anchiêta 
Published: September 2023

A palavra é sonâmbula.Procurada,
ela se concentra intuída
do próprio mistério.
E aguarda até ser orvalhadapela névoa da criação.
Carvalho Filho
Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap thin-film AlGaAs solar cells. Part II: optimal antireflection front-surface texturing
Authors: Ahmad Faiz , Monk Peter B. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: September 2023

In Part I [Appl.
Opt. 59, 1018
(2020).APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.381246], we used a coupled
optoelectronic model to optimize a thin-film AlGaAs solar cell with a
graded-bandgap photon-absorbing layer and a periodically corrugated Ag
backreflector combined with localized ohmic Pd–Ge–Au backcontacts,
because both strategies help to improve the performance of AlGaAs
solar cells. However, the results in Part I were affected by a
normalization error, which came to light when we replaced the
hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin scheme for electrical computation
by the faster finite-difference scheme. Therefore, we re-optimized the
solar cells containing an n-AlGaAs photon-absorbing layer with
either a (i) homogeneous, (ii) linearly graded, or (iii) nonlinearly
graded bandgap. Another way to improve the power conversion efficiency
is by using a surface antireflection texturing on the wavelength
scale, so we also optimized four different types of 1D periodic
surface texturing: (i) rectangular, (ii) convex hemi-elliptical, (iii)
triangular, and (iv) concave hemi-elliptical. Our new results show
that the optimal nonlinear bandgap grading enhances the efficiency by
as much as 3.31% when the n-AlGaAs layer is 400 nm thick
and 1.14% when that layer is 2000 nm thick. A hundredfold
concentration of sunlight can enhance the efficiency by a factor of
11.6%. Periodic texturing of the front surface on the scale of 0.5–2
free-space wavelengths provides a small relative enhancement in
efficiency over the AlGaAs solar cells with a planar front surface;
however, the enhancement is lower when the n-AlGaAs layer is thicker.
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and convenience store shopping as mediators of the food insecurity–Tooth decay relationship among low-income children in Washington state
Authors: Hill Courtney M. , Chi Donald L. , Mancl Lloyd A. , Jones-Smith Jessica C. , Chan Nadine , Saelens Brian E. , McKinney Christy M. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
There are oral health disparities in the U.S. and children in food-insecure households have a higher burden of tooth decay. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the food insecurity–tooth decay relationship could inform public health interventions. This study examined how sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and frequent convenience store shopping mediated the food insecurity–tooth decay relationship for lower-income children.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional study data included a household survey, beverage questionnaire, and dental examination. The sample included 452 lower-income, racially-diverse, child-caregiver dyads in 2018 from King County in Washington state. The exposure was household food insecurity, the outcome was untreated decayed tooth surfaces, and the proposed mediators were SSB intake and frequent convenience store shopping (≥2 times/week). Causal mediation analyses via the potential outcomes framework was used to estimate natural indirect and direct effects.

Results
Fifty-five percent of participants were in food-insecure households, the mean number of decayed tooth surfaces among children was 0.87 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.99), the mean SSB intake was 17 fluid ounces (fl/oz)/day (SD = 35), and 18% of households frequently shopped at a convenience store. After adjusting for confounders, household food insecurity and log-transformed SSB intake (fluid ounces/day) were positively associated with decayed tooth surfaces, but not at the a α = 0.05 level (mean ratio [MR] 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89, 2.88; p = .12 and MR 1.16; 95% CI 0.93, 1.46; p = .19, respectively). Frequent convenience store shopping was associated with 2.75 times more decayed tooth surfaces (95% CI 1.61, 4.67; p < .001). SSB intake mediated 10% of the food insecurity–tooth decay relationship (p = .35) and frequent convenience store shopping mediated 22% (p = .33).

Conclusions
Interventions aimed at addressing oral health disparities in children in food-insecure households could potentially focus on reducing intake of SSBs and improving access to healthful foods in lower-income communities.
Barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among ART non-adherence people living with HIV in Cameroon: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Buh Amos , Deonandan Raywat , Gomes James , Krentel Alison , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Yaya Sanni 
Published: September 2023

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) needs to be taken for life with near perfect levels of adherence for it to be effective. Nonetheless, ART non-adherence is still observed in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries such as Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing non-adherence and or adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) who have experienced non-adherence to ART in Cameroon.

Methods
A descriptive qualitative study of PLWH who have experienced non-adherence with ART in Cameroon was conducted. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the NVIVO 12 software.

Results
In total, 43 participants participated in this study. The Southwest and Littoral regions each contributed 15 (34.88%) of participants, participants’ mean age was 37.1 years (SD: 9.81) and majority 34 (82.93%) were females. ART adherence barriers include those related to patient (forgetfulness, business with other things, unwillingness to swallow drugs daily), medication (side effects), health service (arrogance of caregivers, occasional drug shortages at treatment centre, poor counseling of patient), stigma (fear of status disclosure), use of alternative treatment (traditional medicine, prayers and deliverance), resource limitation (limited food, limited finances), environmental/social (limited or no home support), and political instability (disruption of free circulation by ghost towns, roadblocks and gunshots in some regions). ART adherence facilitators include social support (family and peer support), aligning treatment with patient’s daily routines (align ART with schedule of family members), use of reminders (phone alarm, sound of church bell), health sector/caregiver support (messages to patient, financial support, proper counseling), and patient’s awareness of HIV status/ART knowledge (awareness of HIV positive status, Knowledge of ART benefits).

Conclusion
ART adherence barriers in Cameroon include those related to patient, medication, health service, stigma, use of alternative treatment, resource limitation, environmental/social, and political instability. ART adherence facilitators include social support, aligning treatment with patient’s daily routines, use of reminders, health sector/caregiver support, and patient’s awareness of HIV status/ART knowledge. Given these barriers and facilitators, continuous information provision and consistent support both from patients’ families and caregivers are needed to improve adherence among patients. Further studies including many regions and larger samples using both in-depth and focused group discussions as well as quantitative approaches are required to uncover the burden related to ART non-adherence.
La educación emocional en el marco de las políticas neoliberales: Reflexiones teórico-epistemológicas a partir de un estudio exploratorio sobre discursos de educadoras/es en secundarias del AMBA
Authors: Sorondo Juana 
Published: September 2023

La educación emocional en el marco de las políticas neoliberales: Reflexiones teórico-epistemológicas a partir de un estudio exploratorio con docentes de secundarias del AMBA. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar una reflexión teórico-epistemológica en sobre las prácticas discursivas de educación emocional en el marco de las políticas educativas neoliberales. Usando un marco teórico-interpretativo sobre la escuela neoliberal, y un diseño de investigación cualitativa exploratoria, se entrevistaron 15 educadoras/es que llevaban adelante prácticas de Educación Emocional en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se busca interrogar el interés heurístico de este modelo para la comprensión del fenómeno, y, al mismo tiempo, complejizar y profundizar la teoría, atendiendo a las tensiones e hibridaciones de sentidos que se dan en las prácticas. Se advierte la heterogeneidad del discurso del poder, y la multiplicidad normativa que legitima y naturaliza el orden social dominante.
Dekarbonisasi Sektor Ketenagalistrikan Sampai 2050 Dalam Kerangka Kebijakan Energi Nasional
Authors: Yudiartono Yudiartono , Jaka Windarta , Adiarso Adiarso 
Published: September 2023

Dekarbonisasi sektor ketenagalistrikan akan bertumpu pada pembangkit EBT jenis PLTS, PLTA dan PLTA pumped storage, PLTP, PLTBm serta PLTN. Pada tahun 2025, produksi listrik dari EBT pada skenario transisi energi (TE) maupun nuklir (NK) diperkirakan sebesar 145,35 TWh, lebih tinggi 28% dibanding skenario BAU. Pembangkit EBT yang berkontribusi adalah PLTA dan PLTA pumped storage (62,24 TWh), PLTS (12,26 TWh), PLTP (29,76 TWh) dan EBT lainnya (41,09 TWh). Adapun PLTN akan mulai berkontribusi pada tahun 2035. Pada tahun 2050 diprediksi produksi listrik EBT pada skenario TE dan NK berturut-turut akan mencapai 566,93 TWh dan 722,33 TWh, masing-masing lebih tinggi 77% dan 126% dibanding skenario BAU yang hanya sebesar 319,44 TWh. Khusus untuk PLTN, pada skenario TE, total energi listrik yang akan dihasilkan pada tahun 2050 tersebut adalah sebesar 29,78 TWh. Sedangkan pada skenario NK, kontribusi dari PLTN naik signifikan menjadi 186,15 TWh. Selanjutnya, proyeksi bauran energi primer EBT pada tahun 2025 dan 2050, untuk skenario BAU, pangsanya berturut turut sebesar 18,17% dan 19,48%, jauh lebih rendah dari target KEN. Namun hal yang berbeda terjadi pada skenario TE, dimana kontribusi EBT mencapai 23,09% (2025) dan 31,33% (2050), sesuai dengan target KEN. Pada skenario NK, dimana penerapan PLTN mencapai 25 GW pada tahun 2050, bauran energi primer berbasis EBT naik signifikan menjadi 36,69%, serta emisi GRK turun menjadi 695,28 juta metric ton CO2eq , lebih rendah berturut turut sebesar 7% dan 17% dibanding dengan skenario BAU dan skenario TE.
Upgrading the durability of perishable wood species using extractives from side streams of durable wood sawmill operations: a review
Authors: Manhiça Alberto António , Uetimane Júnior Ernesto , Jebrane Mohamed , Gillah Peter R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Natural durability is one of the most rated features in wood end-use applications. In fact, several precious native tropical wood species produce timber of high natural durability, which is also related to long service life even for the highest hazard classes. However, selective logging is driving the existing volume of this group of species to near extinction. The remainder of the alternative species produces perishable timbers, which require synthetic chemical protection to prolong their service life but with detrimental effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, transferable durability has emerged as an alternative to gradually substitute traditional wood preservatives. From this approach, extractives from naturally durable wood species are removed and transferred to the non-durable wood species as an alternative environmental-friendly option for wood protection. Indeed, extractives from durable wood species have proven to have a deterrent effect on fungi, bacteria and termites and could be used to protect perishable wood species. Thus, this review aims to assess the prospects of developing environmentally friendly wood preservatives based on extractives sourced from highly natural, durable wood species to treat and add value to the group of perishable timbers. A step-wise analysis offers insights and challenges on (i) potential sources of extractives; (ii) effective extraction methods; (iii) extractive-based preservative formulation; and (iv) effective treatment methods for better preservative fixation for better wood protection. Accounts about the way forward for the development of extractive-based wood preservatives are also presented.
Similarity solutions for cylindrical shock wave in a self-gravitating and rotating gas under the influence of monochromatic radiation and azimuthal or axial magnetic field by using Lie invariance method
Authors: Vats Vidit K. , Singh Dheerendra B. , Amin Danish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The group invariance technique is used to investigate the similarity solution of one-dimensional, unsteady motion of cylindrically symmetric shock waves propagating in a rotating, axisymmetric perfect gas permeated with an azimuthal or axial magnetic field, under the effect of monochromatic radiation, with or without self-gravitational effects. The density is considered to be varying with radiation flux moving through the gas. Considering the absorption coefficient to be variable and choosing different values for the arbitrary constants appearing in infinitesimal generators, all possible cases of similarity solutions with shock paths following the power law and exponential law are discussed in detail, and numerical solutions for both the power law and exponential law path is obtained. The effect of changes in the Alfven–Mach number, density exponent, adiabatic index, gravitational, and rotational parameters on shock formation and shock strength has been obtained for both the power law and the exponential law. Further, the effect of all these parameters on the behaviour of flow variables behind the shock is investigated in detail and the results are depicted graphically via figures. It has been found during the study that, the strength of the shock reduces considerably with an increase in the Alfven–Mach number, rotational parameter and adiabatic index, and it increases with increase in density index and gravitational parameter. Various computations involved in this article are carried out by using the MATLAB software.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Self Efficacy on the Ability of Cadets Conflict Management in Lemdiklat Akpol Semarang
Authors: Widada Tri 
Published: September 2023

The conflict management skills of cadets in the Education and Training Institute at the Semarang Police Academy (Akpol) are still low or not optimal. This needs special attention from all parties involved in the Akpol institution. Because of the various reasons put forward by cadets that they have not optimally practiced conflict management courses and that is only theoretical that cadets get. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the ability of educators in teaching each material taught to cadets. This research is a quantitative study with a sample of 28 people. The data collection technique was a closed questionnaire technique while the data analysis technique used SPSS 21 to determine the influence of organizational culture, self-efficacy on the ability of cadets' conflict management at the Police Academy. The results showed that there was an influence of organizational culture by 28.1%, self-efficacy on conflict management by 49.5%. This shows that conflict management abilities can increase if organizational culture and self-efficacy increase effectively.
Specc1l deficiency leads to abnormal oocyte meiosis and reduced blastocyst development in mouse
Authors: Lee Seulah , Choi Inchul 
Published: September 2023

In brief
Proper oocyte maturation is important in early embryo development. This study provides evidence that abnormal meiotic maturation can impact the developmental competency of preimplantation embryos.

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the mouse SPECC1L (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1 like), a microtubule and actin cytoskeleton-associated protein during oocyte meiotic maturation and its potential effects on preimplantation development. This study shows that the transcriptional levels of Specc1l did not significantly change from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage to the metaphase II (MII) stage, but maternal transcripts rapidly and gradually degraded after fertilization. SPECC1L was detected in both the cytoplasm and GV, but not in the nucleolus-like body in the GV intact oocyte. At the MII stages, SPECC1L was widely distributed in the cytoplasm but did not co-localize with chromatin. Knockdown of Specc1l expression in oocytes resulted in abnormal spindle morphology and misaligned chromosomes, as well as a decrease in the rate of polar body extrusion and a reduced developmental competence of oocytes, leading to decreased blastocyst formation rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that SPECC1L plays a critical role in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development, specifically in proper bipolar spindle assembly and extrusion of the first polar body.