bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-Actuation in Precision Grinding
Authors: Wang Y. , Moon K. S. , Miller M. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to improve the productivity and surface quality of the grinding process. It describes the development and implementation of a high-frequency micro-actuation system for vibratory modulation in the grinding process. The approach is based on the fact that ground surface texture has dominant roughness in the cross feed direction of the surface grinding process. High-frequency vibratory movement of the workpiece in the cross feed direction can reduce the surface roughness in this direction and therefore the overall surface roughness. A three dimensional model for the surface texture generated by a surface grinding process is developed based on the kinematics of the process. A simulation procedure is developed to check the effectiveness of this approach. A prototype workpiece actuator that incorporates magnetostrictive actuation has been developed. It has been tested and implemented on a conventional surface grinding machine. A series of experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the viability of this method. The results show that it offers an effective means of improving the quality of the ground surface texture and improving the grinding process efficiency.
Automatic Identification of Remote Environments
Authors: Schulteis Timothy M. , Dupont Pierre E. , Millman Paul A. , Howe Robert D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A system that can process sensory information collected during telemanipulation tasks in order to automatically identify properties of the remote environment has many potential applications. These include generating model-based simulations for training operators in critical procedures and improving real-time performance when time delays are large. The research issues involved in developing such an identification system are explored, focusing on properties that can be identified from remote manipulator motion and force data. As a case study, a simple block-stacking task performed with a teleoperated two-fingered planar hand is considered. An algorithm is presented which automatically segments the data collected during the task, given only a general description of the temporal sequence of task events. Using the segmented data, the algorithm then successfully estimates the weight, width, height, and coefficient of friction of the two blocks handled during the task. This case study highlights the broader research issues which must be addressed in automatic property identification.
Minimum Surface-Effect Microgripper Design for Force-Reflective Telemanipulation of a Microscopic Environment
Authors: Goldfarb Michael , Celanovic Nikola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the fundamental physical motivations for minimum surface effect design, and presents a microgripper that incorporates a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a flexure-based structure and transmission. The microgripper serves effectively as a one degree-of-freedom prototype of minimum surface effect micromanipulator design. Data is presented that characterizes the microgripper performance under both pure position and pure force control, followed by a discussion of the attributes and limitations of flexure-based design. The microgripper is interfaced with a force-reflective macrogripper, and the pair controlled with a hybrid position/force scheme. Data is presented that illustrates the effective operation of the telerobotic pair.
Reactive Path Shaping: Local Path Planning for Autonomous Mobile Robots
Authors: Schmitt Paul R. , Book Wayne J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a path generator for autonomous nonholonomic mobile robots in partially known aisle environments. Reactive Path Shaping (RPS) is designed for autonomous vehicle obstacle avoidance and utilizes information about its environment through ultrasonic sensors. A path is constructed one piece at a time, based upon local environmental information. Each piece is initially considered to be rough and needs to be appropriately “shaped,” or smoothed, to meet mobile robot nonholonomic kinematic constraints. Experiments on a simulated vehicle with ultrasonic sensors are briefly discussed.
Three-Dimensional Dynamic Modeling of the Human Knee Joint: Formulation and Solution Technique
Authors: Hefzy Mohamed Samir , Abdel-Rahman Eihab M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a general three-dimensional anatomically based dynamic model of the knee joint that includes both tibio-femoral and patello-femoral joints is presented. This model can predict knee response under internal and/or external sudden impulsive loadings. It is found that all models that were developed in the literature to predict the two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic response of the knee joint are special cases of this general model. In all these models, the governing system of equations reduces to a system of nonlinear Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) whose solution continues to represent major challenges. An improved algorithm that was developed to obtain a solution to this complex system of DAE’s is then discussed. A special case that includes only the tibio-femoral joint is then investigated to determine the three-dimensional knee response under sinusoidal impacting loads acting on the tibia. Solution was obtained using a DAE solver, namely the Differential / Algebraic System Solver (DASSL).
Effects of High Heat on the Strength and Fatigue Life of Unidirectional Polymer-Matrix Composites
Authors: McLaughlin Philip V. D. , McShane Henry A. , Cochran Roland , Armstrong-Carroll Eileen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An analysis of local fiber/matrix interface damage growth in unidirectional composites under tension-tension loading is modified to include thermal residual stresses and subsequent temperature histories with the goal of estimating the loss of strength and fatigue life occurring when a graphite/epoxy composite structure is subjected to flame or hot exhaust gasses. Tests show that epoxy thermomechanical and strength properties degrade rapidly from 200 to 300°C, and that time-at-temperature is important. Using properties estimated from these tests, two mechanisms of static strength and fatigue life reduction are studied: thermal-stress-induced interface cracking parallel to fibers, and degradation of room-temperature interface properties. The effects of heat on static strength and constant-amplitude fatigue life of a particular graphite/epoxy material system are then analytically determined for two heat exposure scenarios: one, a relatively short-time exposure of five minutes; and two, a long-time exposure of more than an hour. Strength and life loss are found to be dependent on temperature, time-at-temperature, and length of damage zone, with severe reductions in static and fatigue strengths at temperatures above 200°C.
Dirichlet to Neumann Maps for the Representation of Equipment With Weak Nonlinearities
Authors: Goldman Daniel , Barbone Paul E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider modeling the presence of a substructure in a dynamical simulation in terms of the force the substructure exerts on the main structure of interest. The reaction force is given in terms of the displacement of the attachment points. We call the map between the displacement of the attachment points and the force at the attachment a Dirichlet to Neumann, or DtN, map. We use a regular perturbation expansion to derive an approximate DtN for the case when the substructure exhibits weakly nonlinear behavior. The representation is accurate to O(ϵ2t2) + O(t2/N2), where ϵ is a measure of the strength of the nonlinearity, N is the number of modes of the subsystem and t is the simulation time. We note that the representation is particularly suited to the situation when ϵ = O(N−1).
Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Studies on a Variable Displacement Radial Piston Pump Prototype for Automotive Applications
Authors: Caretto R. , Mancò S. , Nervegna N. , Rundo M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim of the present study is the development of the mathematical model, the time domain simulation and preliminary experimental analyses of a radial piston pump envisaged for low pressure automotive applications. The pump is a prototype under test at the Fluid Power Laboratory, Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino.
Computer Simulation of the Performance of Digital-Displacement Pump-Motors
Authors: Ehsan Md. , Rampen W. H. S. , Salter S. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The digital-displacement pump-motor is a hybrid device, which combines reciprocating hydraulics with micro-processor control, creating a highly integrated machine capable of producing variable flow and power. It is based on the conventional hydraulic piston pump but with actively controlled poppet valves for each cylinder. This allows enabling or disabling on a stroke-by-stroke basis in any desired sequence. Time-domain modelling of the pump-motor system predicts the performance under variable-demand, variable-speed as well as different control-modes. The advantages of this approach over conventional variable-swash hydraulic machines lie with both the response speed and the inherent energy efficiency.
Numerical Implementation of a Brittle Damage Model and its Application to Concrete Slab Perforation
Authors: Chen E. P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture of concrete slabs, impacted by steel projectiles, was carried out in this study. The concrete response was described by a continuum damage model. This continuum damage model was originally developed to study rock fragmentation and was modified in the present study with an emphasis on the post-limit structural response. The model was implemented into a transient dynamic explicit finite element code LS-DYNA2D and the code was then used for the numerical simulations. The specific impact configuration of this study follows the experiment series conducted by Hanchak et al. (1992). Comparisons between calculated results and measured data were made. Good agreements were found.
A New Detection Technique to Identify Defective Railroad Bearings
Authors: Anderson Gerald B. , Cline James E. , Stone Daniel H. , Smith R. L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
New signal detection and processing techniques that may allow production of a new generation acoustic wayside bearing defect inspection system have been developed recently at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC), Pueblo, Colorado.
The ability to detect bearings in early stages of failure, with a high degree of confidence, is the main goal of the bearing research program at the Association of American Railroads (AAR).
This report briefly demonstrates the effectiveness of the new techniques developed at TTC and used to analyze acoustic data, namely: (1) demodulation envelope detection, (2) three-dimensional time-frequency analysis, and (3) neural network used in bearing defect pattern recognition.
These new signal processing schemes have been applied to analyze the bearing burn off test data collected at TTC’s bearing test facility. [1]
Train derailments caused by bearing burnoff failure have remained at a relatively constant rate over the past several years and are a major concern within the industry. For instance, when a bearing fails due to a spun cone defect, the operating temperature can rapidly exceed 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit causing a derailment in minutes.
Solutions to these problems require the identification of a defective bearing in the earliest stages of deterioration, preferably in advance of an overheated condition forcing a train stop. Early detection would provide a railroad with the opportunity to repair or replace the defective bearing at a convenient time and location.
The Hopf Bifurcation in a Rail Wheelset With Nonlinear Damping
Authors: Yang Shaopu , Ahmadian Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the analytical investigation of Hopf bifurcation in a rail wheelset system. The nonlinearity taken into account is nonlinear damping force in a longitudinal yaw damper. The bifurcation can be subcritical or supercritical, depending on the system parameters. It is found that softening nonlinear damping will lead to a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, which means that even below the linear critical speed, an unstable limit cycle may occur and lead the wheelset to unstable hunting. Furthermore, our investigation shows that hardening nonlinear damping will introduce a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The stability of the bifurcated limit cycle is determined. It is found that increasing damping will decrease the amplitude of the hunting vibration and increase the linear critical speed. Based on the results, a method to control the bifurcation mode is suggested.
Adaptive Composites for Active Flight Control Surfaces
Authors: Barrett Ron , Stutts James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Important design issues related to structural layout, substrate material selection and bonding methods of adaptive composites are presented in this paper. Several new post-processing techniques are shown which help lend a high degree of fracture toughness, tensile strength and resistance to depoling of active structural elements and lamina. By taking advantage of the inherent mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion between adaptive materials like piezoceramics and select substrate materials, it is shown that otherwise fragile actuators may be pre-compressed. Several experiments were performed on monomorph lamina of PZT-5H actuator strips which were bonded to a number of different substrate materials. Cure temperatures ranged from 100 to 250°C. An estimate of laminate strain characteristics by using laminated plate theory compared well with experimental results up to 150°C cure temperatures. However, above 150°C, significant deviations from theory were noticed as the resin system cured prior to complete heat soak. A comparison of substrate materials showed that aluminum provides the highest degree of precompression which resulted in a jump in tensile yield strength by 89% and an increase in depoling stress by 185% while maintaining 80% of the active strain generation capability.
Design of a Piezoelectric Caterpillar Motor
Authors: Pandell Tracy , Garcia Ephrahim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The development of a piezoelectric caterpillar motor is presented. The design is similar to an inchworm motor except that multiple clamping mechanisms are used instead of two. It is believed that additional clamping mechanisms will reduce slip and glitch in the motor and make for a more accurate and precise device.
Simulations were run using MATLAB SIMULINK to model both inchworm and caterpillar operation. A flexure mechanism was designed to amplify the displacement output of the three clamping piezoelectric stacks. The motor was built to experimentally determine if the caterpillar motor did decrease the amount of slip. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented and discussed that prove that the caterpillar motor did indeed decrease the amount of slip.
Thermal Behavior Study of Power Plastic Package by High Temperature Moire Interferometry and FEA Modeling
Authors: Zhu Jiansen , Zou Daqing , Liu Sheng , Benson Jim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the current study, 1200 l/mm gratings are replicated at either 80°C or 160°C onto the top surfaces or cross sections of power plastic packages. The specimens are measured at room temperature for thermal deformation induced by cooling process. The finite element models are used to simulate the cooling process and the results are compared with the moire interferometry results. The finite element models with different delaminations between die and die attach are also studied.
Minimization of Pressure Drop for EHD-Enhanced In-Tube Boiling of R-134A
Authors: Salehi M. , Ohadi M. M. , Dessiatoun S. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study that addresses the effect of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) heat transfer enhancement on the pressure drop for in-tube boiling of R-134a in an enhanced (microfin type) tube. It is demonstrated that the heat transfer surface and electrode geometry play a dominant role in determining the pressure drop magnitude. Maxwell stress created in a liquid by an electrical field can lead to either an increase or a decrease in pressure drop depending on the geometry and flow conditions. The present study demonstrates that by changing the electrode-tube design, the EHD assisted flow boiling pressure drop can be decreased substantially.
A Literature Survey on Available Correlations for Prediction of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Salehi Mohsen , Ohadi Michael M. , Blanford Mike , Dessiatoun Serguei V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The nucleate pool boiling process is inherently a complex phenomenon. This complexity is in part related to the random behavior of the bubbles near the heating surface, strong property related boiling mechanism and other parameters such as the nucleation site density, bubble growth rates, bubble dimensions, and bubble rise velocity. To date no comprehensive model or correlation exists that can collectively represent all the characteristics of nucleate boiling. Most of the efforts for modeling the nucleate pool boiling phenomena invariably necessitate a fundamental knowledge of bubble frequency, bubble departure diameter, and nucleation site density. Due to irreproducibility of the boiling phenomena, it is very difficult to present these aspects by a general equation using parameters such as working fluid property or surface condition. From an engineering point of view, the demands are for practicality of a correlation while providing satisfactory accuracy. The objective of this paper is to provide a critical survey of the available design correlations on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. The paper is given in two parts. Discussion of the most commonly known general correlations for nucleate pool boiling is given in part I. In part II correlations with special use will be presented and discussed. Results for independent testing of selected correlations are also given in part II.
Entropy Generation in Heat Pipe System
Authors: Khalkhali Hamed , Faghri Amir , Zuo Zhijun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A thermodynamic model of conventional cylindrical heat pipes is developed based on the second law of thermodynamics. Entropy generation, an important parameter of heat pipe performance, is caused by the temperature difference between hot and cold reservoirs, the fluid flows, and the vapor temperature/pressure drop along the heat pipe. Ambient temperature in the condenser region and heat transfer coefficient in the transport region can be adjusted to minimize entropy generation in the heat pipe system. A detailed parametric analysis is presented in which the effects of various heat pipe parameters on entropy generation are examined.
Fiber Coupled High Power Laser Diodes for Solid Freeform Fabrication Directly From Metal Powders
Authors: Dong Jian (John) , Manzur Tariq , Roychoudhuri Chandra S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) is a technique which aims at manufacturing physical objects directly from CAD models to avoid conventional time consuming and costly manufacturing process. With the aid of CAD models, SFF technologies have been used successfully to produce plastic, wax and nylon polycarbonate prototype parts. However, solid freeform fabrication of metal or ceramic materials is still at the early stage of research.
This paper presents a successful demonstration of solid freeform fabrication from metal powders using high power laser diodes. It describes the design of the compact desktop SFF apparatus, which has four (power system, powder feeder, atmospheric controlled chamber, and laser scan controller) distinct parts. The effects of various control parameters on SFF parts have also been discussed.
Control of Machining Induced Edge Chipping on Glass Ceramics
Authors: Ng Stanley J. , Le Dung T. , Tucker Shelly R. , Zhang Guangming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Edge chipping is a phenomenon commonly observed during the machining of ceramic material. Characterization of edge chipping, both in macro and in micro scale, and correlating its formation to machining parameters form a basis for developing new and innovative technologies for controlling machining induced damage. An experimental-based study using glass ceramic material is performed. Three types of edge chipping are identified. The SEM-stereophotography method and the finite element method are used to evaluate the edge chipping effect under a set of machining conditions. Significant findings are obtained and guidelines for controlling edge chipping during machining are suggested.
Grinding of Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride (RBSN) Ceramic
Authors: Mayer John E. , Fang Gwo-Ping , Edler James P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Experimental research has been conducted into the effect of grit depth of cut on the flexural strength of ground reaction bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) ceramic. Wheel grit size and machine parameters of wheel depth of cut, workspeed, and wheelspeed in surface grinding have been investigated. Results indicate that the primary factors which control the strength of ground RBSN ceramic are grind direction and grit depth of cut. A critical grit depth of cut was established at, and below, which maximum ground strength exists. Results were compared to those for hot pressed silicon nitride (HPSN) ceramic. A relationship between the critical grit depth of cut and the properties of the ceramic material has been suggested. Surface finish results are also reported.
A Framework for Modeling Variation in Vehicle Assembly Processes
Authors: Hsieh Ching C. , Oh Kong Ping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A method is described which facilitates the computer simulation of variation in vehicle assembly processes. The method uses data exchange locations, or DXL, to store data needed in the simulation. and coded keywords to manipulate those data. The DXL structure and the keywords may be tailored to the area of interest. Hence, the method is applicable to a wide range of problems. This paper gives some examples from the structural area to show how dimensional variation may be simulated.
Case Based Evaluation of Component Deterioration for Facility Maintenance
Authors: Takata Shozo , Shiono Hiroshi , Hiraoka Hiroyuki , Asama Hajime 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the advances of automation and integration, manufacturing becomes increasingly dependent upon facilities. Providing appropriate maintenance is, therefore, essential to achieve effective production. For planning maintenance strategy, it is necessary to know potential deterioration of the facility which may leads to various problems. In this paper, we propose a case based approach to the prediction of potential deterioration. Occurrences of deterioration are represented in terms of deterioration processes which are combinations of basic mechanisms. The evaluation is carried out by extracting subsets of deterioration cases which could occur at the specified area of the facility, and combining them to form the potential deterioration process. Effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by an experimental system.