bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble of multimodal deep learning autoencoder for infant cry and pain detection
Authors: Kristian Yosi , Simogiarto Natanael , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Hanindito Elizeus , Visuddho Visuddho 
Published: January 2023

Background: Babies cannot communicate their pain properly. Several pain scores are developed, but they are subjective and have high variability inter-observer agreement. The aim of this study was to construct models that use both facial expression and infant voice in classifying pain levels and cry detection. Methods: The study included a total of 23 infants below 12-months who were treated at Dr Soetomo General Hospital. The the Face Leg Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) pain scale and recordings of the baby's cries were taken in the video format. A machine-learning-based system was created to detect infant cries and pain levels. Spectrograms with the Short-Time Fourier Transform were used to convert the audio data into a time-frequency representation. Facial features combined with voice features extracted by using the Deep Learning Autoencoders was used for the classification of infant pain levels. Two types of autoencoders: Convolutional Autoencoder and Variational Autoencoder were used for both faces and voices. Result: The goal of the autoencoder was to produce a latent-vector with much smaller dimensions that was still able to recreate the data with minor losses. From the latent-vectors, a multimodal data representation for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used for producing a relatively high F1 score, higher than single data modal such as the voice or facial expressions alone. Two major parts of the experiment were: 1. Building the three autoencoder models, which were autoencoder for the infant’s face, amplitude spectrogram, and dB-scaled spectrogram of infant’s voices. 2. Utilising the latent-vector result from the autoencoders to build the cry detection and pain classification models. Conclusion: In this paper, four pain classifier models with a relatively good F1 score was developed. These models were combined by using ensemble methods to improve performance, which resulted in a better F1 score.
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE CROP OF WINTER WHEAT AND THE SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DRY STEPPE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
Authors: Seminchenko Elena V. , Solonkin Andrey V. 
Published: January 2023

Background. Grain – food for both human and animals. Therefore, to increase grain production requires an increase in sowing areas. With the help of programs, you can calculate the amount of precipitation on a given yield and control the bioproductivity of grain crops on the bog. Studies were conducted in land use “Goro-Dichenskoye” Cadastral number 34:03:000000:6.
Purpose. To determine the influence of climatic factors (moisture availability, temperature) on the formation of the harvest of winter wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of the Lower Volga region.
Materials and methods. Accounting and observations were: recommendation on the methodology for conducting observations and research in the fields of the NII of the Southeast, Saratov, 1973; Methods of experimental work B.A. Armorovov (Armpecov, 1985). The content of the total moisture in the soil is set by the thermostatic-weight method. Soil samples are taken on dynamic sites to a depth of 0-100 cm after 10 cm in three-time repetition. The breakdown of crops take into account the quantitative-weight method by overlapping (0.25 m2) in the cultures of solid sowing and (1 m2) in 10 places of the plots on two non-negative repairs. The number of weeds is determined by groups, as well as their weight in the cheese and air-dry state. Accounting for crop solid, daily.
Results. Studies have shown that in the dry-thermal zone of the Lower Volga region, meteorological conditions play an important role and affect the yield of grain crops. Cold autumn and low precipitation influenced the germination of winter wheat, and therefore on yield. The replenishment of moisture due to spring precipitation influenced the yield of the spring barley, where it varied from 18.0 c/ha to 32.0 c / ha. The sediments also influenced annual weeds, their numbers were fluid depending on the soil processing from 199 to 488 pcs/ha.
Conclusion. Studies have shown that the cultivation of the spring barley, depending on the developing conditions of the year, may be more economically appropriate in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of light-chestnut soils of the Volgograd region.
Foot arches and physical fitness of 5-year-old children
Authors: Wasiluk Agnieszka , Saczuk Jerzy , Górniak Krystyna , Lichota Małgorzata 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Preschool age is a period of further changes in physical development, improvement of motor skills, and strengthening of the child's movement apparatus. At that time, especially between the ages of 4 and 7, morpho-functional changes in the feet are observed, leading to their longitudinal and transverse arches. The aim of the research was to try to assess the relationship between the curvature of the feet and the level of fitness and coordination abilities of children under the age of 5. Material and methods 414 children aged 5 participated in the study, including 178 girls and 236 boys. Podoscopic examination made it possible to assess the longitudinal arch of the feet using the Clarke's angle. The level of the child's motor development was characterized on the basis of the results of the tests of the Physical Fitness Test for Sekita's Preschoolers, and the Great Motility Test TGMD II was used to assess the coordination abilities. The results were statistically processed. Differences between the selected groups were estimated with the Student's t-test for independent groups. Results Based on our own research, it was found that preschoolers with flat feet are characterized by significantly lower body height and a higher BMI. On the other hand, such differences were not noted in body weight. On the other hand, the analysis of fitness abilities and motor predispositions proved the occurrence of small and insignificant differences between the described syndromes. Conclusion Therefore, it can be assumed that at this stage of ontogenesis, the level of the arched feet does not have a significant effect on the motor skills of the studied children.
Alkali Lignin-Based Hydrogel: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact on Soil Water Retention From Near Saturation to Dryness
Authors: Adjuik Toby A. , Nokes Sue E. , Montross Michael , Wendroth Ole , Walton Riley 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsA lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized and shown to possess a swelling ratio of 2013%.The hydrogel contained important hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and macropores for water retention.The hydrogel improved soil water retention in silt loam soil at high matric potentials and in the dry soil range. Increasing hydrogel concentration increased water retention in a loamy fine sand soil at high and low matric potentials.Abstract. Superabsorbent polymers (hydrogels) have been proposed as soil amendments to increase the amount of plant-available water in the soil. Synthetic hydrogels have been widely investigated for use in agriculture. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to synthetic hydrogels, naturally sourced hydrogels are of interest because of their potential for increased biodegradability and biocompatibility. A lignin-based hydrogel was synthesized for this study, and its swelling properties and water absorption capacity were determined. The hydrogel was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas pycnometry. A hanging water column, pressure plate apparatus, and dew point potentiometer were used to measure the soil water retention curve from saturation to oven-dryness for silt loam and loamy fine sand soils after amendment with the lignin-based hydrogel. Results showed a maximum swelling ratio in deionized water of 2013% of the hydrogel’s original mass, 1092% in tap water, and 825% in a 0.9% NaCl solution. The FTIR spectra of the hydrogel showed the presence of O-H bonds from the lignin structure, which renders the hydrogel reactive to a crosslinker and forms insoluble bonds, thereby allowing the hydrogel to swell when exposed to water. SEM images of the lignin hydrogels indicate large macropores, which allowed for water absorption. Applying hydrogels significantly increased the soil's water-holding capacity at 0.3% (w/w) treatment. Hydrogel treatment significantly increased water retention at saturation or near saturation by 0.12 cm3 cm-3 and at field capacity by 0.08 cm3 cm-3 for silt loam soil at 1% (w/w) treatment compared to the control treatment with no added lignin hydrogel. Hydrogel application increased water retention over the range of the soil water retention curve from -3 to -15,000 cm for the loamy fine sand soil at 1% (w/w) treatment. However, the application of lignin-based hydrogel did not affect plant available water capacity (PAWC) in either soil tested. These results serve as preliminary evidence upon which further lignin-based hydrogel amendment studies could be built by testing higher concentrations of hydrogel in the soil. Keywords: Lignin, Soil water retention curve, Super absorbent polymers, Swelling capacity, Water retention.
High overall performance uni-traveling carrier photodiodes for sub-THz wave generation
Authors: Chen Jianwei , Hao Ran , Zhen Zheng , Jiang Huaqing , Tang Kaida , Chen Chenyuan , Jin Shangzhong 
Published: January 2023

Modified near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes with improved overall performances were studied theoretically and experimentally. A bandwidth up to 0.2 THz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 136 GHz and large output power of 8.22 dBm (99 GHz) under the −2V bias voltage were obtained. The device exhibits good linearity in the photocurrent-optical power curve even at large input optical power, with a responsivity of 0.206 A/W. Physical explanations for the improved performances have been made in detail. The absorption layer and the collector layer were optimized to retain a high built-in electric field around the interface, which not only ensures the smoothness of the band structure but also facilitates the near-ballistic transmission of uni-traveling carriers. The obtained results may find potential applications in future high-speed optical communication chips and high-performance terahertz sources.
Eficiência de herbicidas pré-emergentes no manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja
Authors: Silva Paulo Henrique Oliveira , Côrrea Fernando Rezende , Silva Nelmício Furtado da , Cavalcante Wendson Soares da Silva , Ribeiro Daniele Ferreira , Rodrigues Estevão 
Published: January 2023

A utilização de herbicidas pré-emergentes na cultura da soja é uma ferramenta importante para a redução de infestação dessas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas pré-emergentes, utilizando os ingredientes ativos: Diclosulam, S-metolacloro e Imazetapir sendo todos estes associados ao ingrediente ativo Glifosato observando se as misturas em tanque proporcionariam algum tipo de sinergia e/ou antagonismo, contribuindo ou não para um melhor controle das ervas daninhas presentes na área. O trabalho foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da BASF – Unidade Rio Verde, localizada na zona rural do município de Rio Verde, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados composto por 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições sendo: Testemunha (sem aplicação), Diclosulam + glifosato, S-metolacloro + Glifosato, Imazetapir + Glifosato, Diclosulam + S-metolacloro + Glifosato, Diclosulam + Imazetapir + Glifosato; S-metolacloro + Imazetapir + Glifosato, Diclosulam + S-metolacloro + Imazetapir + Glifosato. As aplicações dos herbicidas pré-emergentes ocorreram logo após a semeadura da soja cultivar CZ 37B22 IPRO. Realizou-se avaliações do controle de fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas após aplicação dos herbicidas aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 112 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Foi realizada a colheita da área útil das parcelas para quantificação da produtividade da soja. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e quando significativo, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com p > 0,05 com auxílio do programa SASM-Agri®. As misturas de ingredientes ativos com melhor performance sobre o fluxo de ervas daninhas monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas foram: Glifosato 1.200 g.ha-1 + Diclosulam 36.6 g.ha-1 + S-metolacloro 1.152 g.ha-1; Glifosato 1.200 g.ha-1 + Diclosulam 36.6 g.ha-1 + Imazetapir 106 g.ha-1, Glifosato 1.200 g.ha-1 + S-metolacloro 1.152 g.ha-1 + Imazetapir 106 g.ha-1, analisando a variável produtividade, o tratamento mais produtivo foi a mistura de Glifosato 1.200 g.ha-1 + Diclosulam 36.6 g.ha-1.
Effect of different isothermal times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength rebar
Authors: Wang Tianyou , Li Zhiying , Wang Jie , Li Changrong , Zeng Zeyun , Wei Fulong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-strength rebar plays a supporting role in large engineering structures due to its excellent performance. In this study, the effect of different isothermal time treatments (30, 60, 100, and 200 s) at 650°C on the microstructure transformation and mechanical properties of rebars was investigated. The hot-rolling process was simulated by Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The microstructure, precipitates, and mechanical properties of high-strength rebar were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a universal tensile test machine. Results show that when the isothermal time increased from 30 to 200 s, the ferrite grain size decreased from 10.632 to 8.326 μm, and the pearlite lamellar spacing was refined from 0.230 to 0.142 μm. The TEM confirmed that when the isothermal time increased from 30 to 200 s, the nanoscale (Nb, V, and Ti) C precipitates were uniformly distributed in the ferrite matrix and grain boundary, and the size of precipitates decreased from 34.014 to 29.916 nm; thus, the tensile strength increased from 752.477 to 780.713 MPa, and the yield strength increased from 574.714 to 621.434 MPa.
Emerging topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials: an overview
Authors: Krushynska Anastasiia O. , Torrent Daniel , Aragón Alejandro M. , Ardito Raffaele , Bilal Osama R. , Bonello Bernard , Bosia Federico , Chen Yi , Christensen Johan , Colombi Andrea , Cummer Steven A. , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram , Fraternali Fernando , Galich Pavel I. , Garcia Pedro David , Groby Jean-Philippe , Guenneau Sebastien , Haberman Michael R. , Hussein Mahmoud I. , Janbaz Shahram , Jiménez Noé , Khelif Abdelkrim , Laude Vincent , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Packo Pawel , Palermo Antonio , Pennec Yan , Picó Rubén , López María Rosendo , Rudykh Stephan , Serra-Garcia Marc , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Starkey Timothy A. , Tournat Vincent , Wright Oliver B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This broad review summarizes recent advances and “hot” research topics in nanophononics and elastic, acoustic, and mechanical metamaterials based on results presented by the authors at the EUROMECH 610 Colloquium held on April 25–27, 2022 in Benicássim, Spain. The key goal of the colloquium was to highlight important developments in these areas, particularly new results that emerged during the last two years. This work thus presents a “snapshot” of the state-of-the-art of different nanophononics- and metamaterial-related topics rather than a historical view on these subjects, in contrast to a conventional review article. The introduction of basic definitions for each topic is followed by an outline of design strategies for the media under consideration, recently developed analysis and implementation techniques, and discussions of current challenges and promising applications. This review, while not comprehensive, will be helpful especially for early-career researchers, among others, as it offers a broad view of the current state-of-the-art and highlights some unique and flourishing research in the mentioned fields, providing insight into multiple exciting research directions.
Reflection of two-dimensional surface polaritons by metallic nano-plates on atomically thin crystals
Authors: Lee Seojoo , Kang Ji-Hun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Owning to their unusual optical properties, such as electrical tunability and strong spatial confinement, two-dimensional surface polaritons (2DSPs) hold great promise for deep sub-wavelength manipulation of light in a reduced low-dimensional space. Control of 2DSPs is possible by using their interaction with a boundary between two media, similar to how light behaves in three-dimensional (3D) space. The understanding of the interaction in the 2D case is still in its early stages, unlike the 3D case, as in-depth investigations are only available in a few cases including the interaction of 2DSPs with structured 2D crystals. Here, we extend the scope of our understanding to the interaction of 2DSPs with metallic nano-plates on 2D crystals, focusing on the reflection of 2DSPs. Through our rigorous model, we reveal that, for strongly confined 2DSPs having much larger momentum than free space photons, the interaction results in almost total internal reflection of 2DSPs as the radiative coupling of the 2DSPs to free space is negligible. We also find that the reflection involves an anomalous phase shift dependent on the thickness of the nano-plate, due to the temporary storing of electromagnetic energy in the evanescent waves induced near the edge of the nano-plate. Our theory predicts that the phase shift saturates to an anomalous value, 0.885π, as the nano-plate becomes thicker. Our work provides a detailed understanding of how to manipulate the 2DSPs by using one of the simplest nanostructures, essential for the further development of nanostructure-integrated low-dimensional devices for polariton optics.
Legal Injustice in the Perspective of Pancasila: Various Recent Developments in Indonesia
Authors: Mutiah Novia Isro’atul 
Published: January 2023

Law enforcement in Indonesia has been regulated in the 1945 Constitution paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution where everyone is treated equally before the law without any distinction. As stated in the 5th Pancasila precept which reads: "Justice for all Indonesian people". But in reality the implementation of law enforcement in Indonesia is not going well. The law that should act decisively is now the opposite. In Indonesia, the law is used as a tool to act arbitrarily. An official, high-ranking official who has a lot of money will easily avoid legal disturbances even though the person has violated the law. And conversely for people who can not even get a severe punishment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal justice in the perspective of Pancasila in Indonesia as a basic framework in the state. This study uses a normative approach and literature study in which the author examines and compares various previous studies related to the topic of justice in the Pancasila perspective, as well as various related theories. This study finds and emphasizes that legal injustice in Indonesia is caused by the old paradigm of law enforcement officials, who still prioritize aspects of legal certainty and have not used aspects of justice and legal benefits. The legal apparatus associated with the court pays more attention to legal procedures, which they should prioritize existing legal justice.
Potentials of Exogenous Melatonin Administration on Growth and Performance of West African Dwarf bucks
Authors: WILLIAMS Tolulope Julius , YUSUF Olasupo Idris , JAMES Ikechukwu Joseph , ISAH Olubukonla Ajike , OKWELUM Ngozi , OKE Oyegunle Emmanuel , DARAMOLA James Olamitibo 
Published: January 2023

The effect of exogenous melatonin (EM) on growth, physiological and haematological parameters of West African dwarf (WAD) bucks was evaluated in the experiment. Intact selected sixteen WAD bucks were distributed into 4 treatment groups of 0, 3, 6 and 9 mg EM. Bucks were orally dozed with EM 3 times per week for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at 0th week, 8th week and 16th week of experiment for evaluation of haematological parameters. Analysis of Variance was carried out and significant means were separated using SAS. Results showed bucks given 6 mg EM had higher average daily weight gain of 31.3 g compared with others. Feed and water intake were similar across treatments, but feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in bucks given 6 mg EM. Values recorded in the morning of data collection days showed pulse and respiratory rates to be significantly different, with bucks given 6 mg of EM having lowest values. 6 mg group was also different for packed cell volume (32.57%), haemoglobin (10.72g/dl), red blood cell (11.38 1012 /L), neutrophil (35.50%) and lymphocyte (64.30%). Therefore, dose of 6 mg/animal EM influences growth performance, physiological and haematological parameters of WAD bucks positively and is therefore recommended for WAD bucks for optimal performance.
Advanced predator-prey Modelling for Work and Employment Scenarios: Brazil in Focus
Authors: Serpa Nilo , Steiner José Roberto Costa 
Published: January 2023

<p>The broad application range of the predator-prey modelling enabled the conjecture that it may be applied to represent the dynamics of the work-employment system in Brazil. The simulations performed showed more chaotic dynamics at the beginning of the time series, tending to less perturbed states, as time goes by, due to public policies and hidden intrinsic system features. Basic Lotka-Volterra approach was revised and adapted to the reality of the study. The aim of this article is to show that the work-employment system in Brazil admits a predator-prey modelling, providing decision makers with generalized theoretical elements that allow to a more accurate and deterministic understanding of the relations between employer and employee in that country.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Predator-prey model; Chaotic dynamics; Work-employment<br />system; Perturbed states; Evolution.</p><p>=====================================================================</p><p>O amplo campo de aplicação da modelagem predador-presa permitiu conjecturar que esta pode ser usada para representar a dinâmica do trabalho-emprego no Brasil. As simulações realizadas exibiram uma dinâmica mais caótica no início da série temporal, tendendo a estados menos perturbados, com o passar do tempo, devido às políticas públicas e às características intrínsecas do sistema. A abordagem básica de Lotka-Volterra foi revisada e adaptada à realidade do estudo. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que o trabalho-emprego no Brasil admite uma modelagem predador-presa, fornecendo aos tomadores de decisão elementos teóricos generalizados que permitem uma compreensão mais precisa e determinista das relações entre empregador e empregado no país.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Modelo predador-presa; dinâmica caótica; trabalho-emprego;<br />estados perturbados; evolução</p>