bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Degrees-of-freedom on the Vehicle Stability Control
Authors: Jiang Chengyou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the number of vehicles in the world skyrocket over the last few decades, there have been many injuries or deaths from accidents due to all kinds of reasons. In this way, the safety, and especially stability, of vehicles now become an increasingly important research topic. At this moment, different researchers deploy different degrees of freedom (DOF) as they do the simulation studies for Vehicle Stability Control (VSC). Each has its advantages and disadvantages and affects the research in its own ways. In this paper, MATLAB and Simulink are both used to model the vehicles in different DOFs. By comparing the performance of each model, the effects of different DOFs on the VSC are analyzed, proving important ideas for the future of related research. The research concludes that VSC’s effectiveness is directly proportional to the number of DOFs. Therefore, future research needs to focus on higher DOFs to improve vehicle safety.
Upgrading Of Two Position Anti-skid Valve For Braking System Of Urban Rail Transit Vehicles
Authors: Chen Fan , Pan Yongjun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Based on the structural principle of the existing two-position anti-skid valve for urban rail vehicles, the valve has been modified to increase the pressure maintaining position based on the original only brake position and release position, so as to upgrade to the three-position anti-skid valve. As the pressure-maintaining position is added, the maximum braking force shall be kept as far as possible under the premise of anti-skid control of the train, so as to shorten the braking distance and ensure driving safety.
Virtual reference setting and its application in thermal power unit control
Authors: Zhou Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In thermal power units, superheater outlet temperature is a very important parameter, but because of its long delay time and large inertia, it is difficult to obtain good control effect by traditional control algorithm. In this paper, taking a supercritical once-through boiler as the research object, combined with the established superheated steam temperature object model, a two-degree-of-freedom superheater outlet temperature control system based on VRFT is designed, and compared with the conventional tuning method, it is proved that the virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) method has many advantages, such as simple design, less computation, no need to select initial parameters and good convergence, is an application-oriented direct control system design method.
Testing spontaneous wavefunction collapse with quantum electromechanics
Authors: Tobar Germain , Forstner Stefan , Fedorov Arkady , Bowen Warwick P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Theories of spontaneous wavefunction collapse offer an explanation of the possible breakdown of quantum mechanics for macroscopic systems. However, the challenge of resolving predicted collapse signatures above background noise has precluded conclusive tests. Here, we propose to overcome this challenge using quantum control and measurement of a superconducting qubit coupled to a macroscopic mechanical resonator. We show that this can amplify the weak signals from collapse-induced heating and simultaneously suppress qubit noise, initializing the qubit close to its ground state. Combined, this could enable a conclusive test of collapse models. The ability to quantum control macroscopic mechanical resonators and resolve extremely small signals from them could further other fundamental research beyond collapse models, such as laboratory-based dark matter searches and the reconciliation of quantum mechanics with gravity.
Techniques for combining fast local decoders with global decoders under circuit-level noise
Authors: Chamberland Christopher , Goncalves Luis , Sivarajah Prasahnt , Peterson Eric , Grimberg Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Implementing algorithms on a fault-tolerant quantum computer will require fast decoding throughput and latency times to prevent an exponential increase in buffer times between the applications of gates. In this work we begin by quantifying these requirements. We then introduce the construction of local neural network (NN) decoders using three-dimensional convolutions. These local decoders are adapted to circuit-level noise and can be applied to surface code volumes of arbitrary size. Their application removes errors arising from a certain number of faults, which serves to substantially reduce the syndrome density. Remaining errors can then be corrected by a global decoder, such as Blossom or union find, with their implementation significantly accelerated due to the reduced syndrome density. However, in the circuit-level setting, the corrections applied by the local decoder introduce many vertical pairs of highlighted vertices. To obtain a low syndrome density in the presence of vertical pairs, we consider a strategy of performing a syndrome collapse which removes many vertical pairs and reduces the size of the decoding graph used by the global decoder. We also consider a strategy of performing a vertical cleanup, which consists of removing all local vertical pairs prior to implementing the global decoder. By applying our local NN decoder and the vertical cleanup strategy to a d = 17 surface code volume, we show a

10
6

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speedup of the minimum-weight perfect matching decoder. Lastly, we estimate the cost of implementing our local decoders on field programmable gate arrays.
Observational and Genetic Evidence for Bidirectional Effects Between Red Blood Cell Traits and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Authors: He Zhen , Chen Zekai , de Borst Martin H , Zhang Qingying ,   International Consortium of Blood Pressure, Snieder Harold , Thio Chris H L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found associations of red blood cell (RBC) traits (hemoglobin and RBC count) with blood pressure; whether these associations are causal is unknown.

METHODS
We performed cross-sectional analyses in the Lifelines Cohort Study (n = 167,785). Additionally, we performed bidirectional 2 sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal effect of the 2 traits on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), using genetic instrumental variables regarding hemoglobin and RBC identified in UK Biobank (n = 350,475) and International Consortium of Blood Pressure studies for SBP and DBP (n = 757,601).

RESULTS
In cross-sectional analyses, we observed positive associations with hypertension and blood pressure for both hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.20 for hypertension; B = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.11–0.12 for SBP; B = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.10–0.11 for DBP, all per SD) and RBC (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.16 for hypertension; B = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.10–0.12 for SBP; B = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.08–0.09 for DBP, all per SD). MR analyses suggested that higher hemoglobin and RBC cause higher DBP (inverse-variance weighted B = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.07–0.16 for hemoglobin; B = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04–0.10 for RBC, all per SD). Reverse MR analyses (all per SD) suggested causal effects of DBP on both hemoglobin (B = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.09) and RBC (B = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04–0.11). No significant effects on SBP were found.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest bidirectional causal relationships of hemoglobin and RBC with DBP, but not with SBP.
Hypotensive Effects of Aquatic Exercise Training in Older Adults
Authors: Dunlap Emily , Alhalimi Taha , McLaurin Natalie , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although regular exercise can help reduce blood pressure (BP), older adults often struggle with adhering to land-based exercise due to barriers such as arthritis pain, functional limitations, and fear of falling. Aquatic exercise is a good alternative mode of exercise that may reduce barriers and improve adherence. However, limited evidence is available on the effectiveness of aquatic exercise in reducing BP in older adults with isolated systolic hypertension. This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week aquatic exercise program on arterial BP in older adults.

METHODS
Twenty-five participants were randomized to a control (n = 12, 81 ± 8 years) or aquatic exercise group (n = 13, 83 ± 7 years). The exercise group received aquatic cognitive-motor training at a moderate-intensity for 45 minutes per session three times per week for 8 weeks. The non-exercising control group received a 1-hour fall prevention seminar and was asked to maintain their normal physical activity level.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups. After 8 weeks, the exercise group had reductions in systolic BP (135 ± 11 vs. 126 ± 13 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01) and pulse pressure (PP) (68 ± 8 vs. 60 ± 8 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01) without significant change in diastolic BP. There were no significant changes in the control group.

CONCLUSION
Aquatic cognitive-motor training performed at a moderate-intensity was effective in inducing clinically meaningful reductions in systolic BP and PP in older adults.
Preference for Averaging in East Asian Faces: A Source of Potential Guidance in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Steppe Cyrus , Cinclair Richard , Wen Edward Yuan , Aly Al 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Relatively little research has been done on the application of objective tools in guiding Ethnic Plastic Surgery in Asian patients. The evolutionary psychology theory of koinophilia, or love of average features, presents the basis for a solution to build a foundation for crowd-sourced East Asian aesthetic standards.

Objectives
The authors hypothesize that the averaged composite face in a cohort will be viewed as significantly more attractive than their respective cohort.

Methods
Cohorts were created based on the gender of the individual in the photograph (40 females and 40 males of East Asian descent). Two surveys were created, 1 for the female cohort and the other for the male. The surveys assessed the aesthetic preference of each photograph using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. Surveys were distributed using the popular crowdsourcing program Amazon Mechanical Turk (Amazon, Seattle, WA).

Results
The authors received 875 respondents for the male cohort survey and 876 respondents for the female cohort survey. For both the female and male cohorts, the composite images had a statistically significantly higher rating (P &lt; .001) than the mean of the other images. Among other significant demographic findings, when considering both ethnicity and location of residence, Asian raters living in Asia preferred the composite significantly more than Asian raters living in North America (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Raters’ preference for the composite average face is in concordance with the evolutionary psychology literature. Thus, this study affirms the utility of using facial composites to guide surgeons in identifying aesthetic standards for patients of East Asian descent.
Feature weighted models to address lineage dependency in drug-resistance prediction from Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequences
Authors: Billows Nina , Phelan Jody E , Xia Dong , Peng Yonghong , Clark Taane G , Chang Yu-Mei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which has a strain- or lineage-based clonal population structure. The evolution of drug-resistance in the MTBC poses a threat to successful treatment and eradication of TB. Machine learning approaches are being increasingly adopted to predict drug-resistance and characterize underlying mutations from whole genome sequences. However, such approaches may not generalize well in clinical practice due to confounding from the population structure of the MTBC.

Results
To investigate how population structure affects machine learning prediction, we compared three different approaches to reduce lineage dependency in random forest (RF) models, including stratification, feature selection, and feature weighted models. All RF models achieved moderate-high performance (area under the ROC curve range: 0.60–0.98). First-line drugs had higher performance than second-line drugs, but it varied depending on the lineages in the training dataset. Lineage-specific models generally had higher sensitivity than global models which may be underpinned by strain-specific drug-resistance mutations or sampling effects. The application of feature weights and feature selection approaches reduced lineage dependency in the model and had comparable performance to unweighted RF models.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/NinaMercedes/RF_lineages.
MOViDA: multiomics visible drug activity prediction with a biologically informed neural network model
Authors: Ferraro Luigi , Scala Giovanni , Cerulo Luigi , Carosati Emanuele , Ceccarelli Michele 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The process of drug development is inherently complex, marked by extended intervals from the inception of a pharmaceutical agent to its eventual launch in the market. Additionally, each phase in this process is associated with a significant failure rate, amplifying the inherent challenges of this task. Computational virtual screening powered by machine learning algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for predicting therapeutic efficacy. However, the complex relationships between the features learned by these algorithms can be challenging to decipher.

Results
We have engineered an artificial neural network model designed specifically for predicting drug sensitivity. This model utilizes a biologically informed visible neural network, thereby enhancing its interpretability. The trained model allows for an in-depth exploration of the biological pathways integral to prediction and the chemical attributes of drugs that impact sensitivity. Our model harnesses multiomics data derived from a different tumor tissue sources, as well as molecular descriptors that encapsulate the properties of drugs. We extended the model to predict drug synergy, resulting in favorable outcomes while retaining interpretability. Given the imbalanced nature of publicly available drug screening datasets, our model demonstrated superior performance to state-of-the-art visible machine learning algorithms.

Availability and implementation
MOViDA is implemented in Python using PyTorch library and freely available for download at https://github.com/Luigi-Ferraro/MOViDA. Training data, RIS score and drug features are archived on Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8180380.
Effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery: meta-analysis
Authors: Cullinane Carolyn , Fullard Anna , Croghan Stefanie M , Elliott Jessie A , Fleming Christina A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Obesity can pose perioperative challenges related to obesity-associated co-morbidities and technical factors. However, the true impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes is not well established and reports are conflicting. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes for general surgery procedures in distinct obesity subtypes.

Methods
A systematic review was performed for studies reporting postoperative outcomes in relation to BMI in upper gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and colorectal based on an electronic search using the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed and Embase up to January 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of 30-day postoperative mortality among patients with obesity undergoing general surgical procedures in comparison to patients with normal range BMI.

Results
Sixty-two studies, including 1 886 326 patients, were eligible for inclusion. Overall, patients with obesity (including class I/II/II) had lower 30-day mortality rates in comparison to patients with a normal BMI (odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 0.86, P &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 71 per cent); this was also observed specifically in emergency general surgery (OR 0.83, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 0.87, P &lt; 0.0000001, I2 = 7 per cent). Compared with normal BMI, obesity was positively associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative morbidity (OR 1.11, 95 per cent c.i. 1.04 to 1.19, P = 0.002, I2 = 85 per cent). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity rates between the cohorts of patients with a normal BMI and class I/II obesity (OR 0.98, 95 per cent c.i. 0.92 to 1.04, P = 0.542, I2 = 92 per cent). Overall, the cohort with obesity had a higher rate of postoperative wound infections compared with the non-obese group (OR 1.40, 95 per cent c.i. 1.24 to 1.59, P &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 82 per cent).

Conclusion
These data suggest a possible ‘obesity paradox’ and challenge the assumption that patients with obesity have higher postoperative mortality compared with patients with normal range BMI. Increased BMI alone is not associated with increased perioperative mortality in general surgery, highlighting the importance of more accurate body composition assessment, such as computed tomography anthropometrics, to support perioperative risk stratification and decision-making.

Registration number
CRD42022337442 (PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Oncological outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in octogenarians: case-control study
Authors: Pande Rupaly , Attard Joseph A , Al-Sarireh Bilal , Bhogal Ricky Harminder , Farrugia Alexia , Fusai Giuseppe , Harper Simon , Hidalgo-Salinas Camila , Jah Asif , Marangoni Gabriele , Mortimer Matthew , Pizanias Michail , Prachialias Andreas , Roberts Keith J , Hee Chloe Sew , Soggiu Fiammetta , Srinivasan Parthi , Chatzizacharias Nikolaos A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
By the end of this decade, 70 per cent of all diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas will be in the elderly. Surgical resection is the only curative option. In the elderly perioperative mortality is higher, while controversy still exists as to whether aggressive treatment offers any survival benefit. This study aimed to assess the oncological benefit of pancreatoduodenectomy in octogenarians with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Method
Retrospective multicentre case-control study of octogenarians and younger controls who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2017. The primary endpoint was overall survival and the secondary endpoint was disease-free survival.

Results
Overall, 220 patients were included. Although the Charlson co-morbidity index was higher in octogenerians, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, ASA and pathological parameters were comparable. Adjuvant therapy was more frequently delivered in the younger group (n = 80, 73 per cent versus n = 58, 53 per cent, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between octogenarians and controls in overall survival (20 versus 29 months, P = 0.095) or disease-free survival (19 versus 22 months, P = 0.742). On multivariable analysis, age was not an independent predictor of either oncological outcome measured.

Conclusion
Octogenarians with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the head and uncinate process may benefit from comparable oncological outcomes to younger patients with surgical treatment. Due to the age- and disease-related frailty and co-morbidities, careful preoperative assessment and patient selection is of paramount importance.
Expectations versus Reality: Achieving Impact from Social Work Practitioner Research in Challenging Circumstances
Authors: Power Lorne , Dean Laurel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This reflective article examines the claim that social work practitioner research is more likely to lead to impact. We reflect on the impact that we achieved as part of a social work practitioner research within an acute hospital in the South-East of England. First, we explore the literature on social work practitioner research and impact. Second, we outline our original research project. Third, we examine the individual, organisational and cultural impact we believe we achieved before reflecting on how our views and motivation towards impact changed throughout the research journey. Fourth, we discuss the barriers to achieve our original impact aspirations and reflect on the factors influencing our energy and motivation to achieve impact. Finally, we reflect on the factors that enabled us to achieve impact.
Impact of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on incident and prevalent esophageal cancer in patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Zhou Margaret J , Ladabaum Uri , Triadafilopoulos George , Clarke John O 
Published: July 2023

Summary
The impact of race/ethnicity (RE) or socioeconomic status (SES) on progression from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) to esophageal cancer (EC) is not well established. We aimed to evaluate the association between demographic factors and SES on EC diagnosis in an ethnically diverse BE cohort. Patients aged 18–63 with incident BE diagnosed in October 2015–March 2020 were identified in the Optum Clinformatics DataMart Database. Patients were followed until the diagnosis of prevalent EC &lt;1 year or incident EC ≥1 year from BE diagnosis, or until the end of their continuous enrollment period. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine associations between demographics, SES factors, BE risk factors, and EC. Demographics of the 12,693 patients included mean age of BE diagnosis 53.0 (SD 8.5) years, 56.4% male, 78.3% White/10.0% Hispanic/6.4% Black/3.0% Asian. The median follow-up was 26.8 (IQR 19.0–42.0) months. In total, 75 patients (0.59%) were diagnosed with EC (46 [0.36%] prevalent EC; 29 [0.23%] incident EC), and 74 patients (0.58%) developed high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (46 [0.36%] prevalent HGD; 28 [0.22%] incident HGD). Adjusted HR (95% CI) for prevalent EC comparing household net worth ≥$150,000 vs. &lt;$150,000 was 0.57 (0.33–0.98). Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for prevalent and incident EC comparing non-White vs. White patients were 0.93 (0.47–1.85) and 0.97 (0.21–3.47), respectively. In summary, a lower SES, captured by the household net worth, was associated with prevalent EC. There was no significant difference in prevalent or incident EC among White vs. non-White patients. EC progression in BE may be similar among racial/ethnic groups, but SES disparities may impact BE outcomes.
Catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy in a patient with high-risk pulmonary embolism complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a case report
Authors: Thangavel Shifan , Korsholm Kasper , Veien Karsten Tange , Larsen Kim M , Andersen Asger 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common, and it is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death. The management of patients with high-risk PE generally consists of systemic thrombolysis; however, surgical or catheter-directed treatment (CDT) can be considered in selected cases.

Case summary
A 78-year-old female patient presenting with acute severe dyspnoea develops out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). She was admitted with return of spontaneous circulation and a critical haemodynamic state upon arrival to the catheterization laboratory with an estimated no-flow time of 1 min and low-flow time of 52 min. An acute pulmonary angiogram reveals massive PE. After a PE response team conference, the patient was not found eligible for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, surgery, or thrombolysis. The patient was treated with catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy 129 min after first medical contact. The patient recovered and was discharged without any neurological deficits.

Discussion
Catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy was a successful treatment in a patient with OHCA secondary to high-risk PE, where thrombolysis and surgical interventions were considered contraindicated. This case underlines the future perspectives of CDT and also that a multidisciplinary team approach may benefit patients with high-risk PE.