bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histophilus somni
Authors: Clark Ted 
Published: February 2023

Haemophilus somnus has recently been renamed Histophilus somni and it has been proposed this name also includes Haemophilus agni and Histophilus ovis. The organism occurs in all management systems of the cattle industry, but the most serious losses occur in beef feedlots where co-mingling of cattle from numerous farms occurs. The disease in feedlots most often manifests as the septicemic form and is known as the Histophilus somni disease complex (HSDC), but pleuritis and bronchopneumonia are two other very common causes of disease or death. Despite effective vaccines and antibiotics, sudden losses from 30 to 90 days after arrival at feedlots continue to occur in significant numbers, especially in certain geographical areas ofNorth America and Europe. There undoubtedly remains much to be learned about predisposing factors to histophilosis and how this organism avoids natural body defense mechanisms.
Implementing New Procedures on My Own Dairy
Authors: Niles Donald E. 
Published: February 2023

In a decade and a half of dairy practice, I had the luxury of remaining outside the actual "black box" of the dairy's inner workings. By this, I mean even when working directly with the herd manager, or even the owner himself, I was able to maintain a polite distance from the actual process of implementing my recommendations. Instead, I would make a management recommendation, often of unparalleled insight and breathtaking intuition, and insert it into the black box. Shortly thereafter, the appropriate management change would occur and be well entrenched by my next visit. Occasionally, if I was very lucky, there would be some holdup or breakdown in the implementation of the new procedure, which would allow me to use some of my best and wittiest consultant lines such as ''Why are only some of your milkers ... ", or, my personal favorite, "I thought we agreed you were going to ... " The pleasure I took from my client's discomfiture was reward enough for all my labors.
Now, however, I live in the black box. As a veterinarian who is both owner and manager of a 1500-cow dairy, it is my job to implement change, monitor results and look for opportunities to keep moving ahead. Now, as my advisors make recommendations, I need to evaluate the value of the recommendations as well as determine whether the dairy has the energy and resources to make the suggested change(s). This talk is intended to address that process.
Strategies for the Successful Implementation of Sex Sorted Semen for Beef Females
Authors: Stroud Brad 
Published: February 2023

The ability to predetermine the sex of offspring has tremendous managerial and economic implications in the beef cattle industry. With a world population close to seven billion, there is a growing need to produce more beef via the more muscle laden male. In commercial dairy cattle, the situation is just the opposite: the male is an unwanted by-product of breeding for female replacements.
Rabbit sperm was first stained and sorted in 1989, and within a decade the technology was improved through use of high speed flow cytometric sorting of DNA stained sperm. Sorting of bovine sperm has been available for the bovine industry in the US since 2003. The demand is high, but there are significant differences in how sorted sperm is processed before freezing compared to traditional non-sorted sperm. Also, the sorted sperm is packaged differently than traditional non-sorted sperm, which creates handling issues during shipping and thawing samples in the field. These differences have a significant effect on the conception rates of inseminated females. There are many management considerations on the farm or ranch that must be taken into account before a veterinary practitioner recommends sex sorted frozen semen to his clients.
Thoughts on Biosecurity and Biocontainment in Beef Cow-Calf Herds
Authors: Grotelueschen Dale M. 
Published: February 2023

Biosecurity and biocontainment plans designed by veterinary practitioners for beef cow-calf operations offer promise for increasingly effective health programs. Individualized utilization of practical methods to eliminate or control pathogen exposure in combination with increased herd immunity engages the operation in health programs that effectively reduce risk for health related losses and increase economic returns to the enterprise. Biosecurity and biocontainment principles address elimination of the agent or agents, prevention of contacts that result in transmission of an agent or agents, and increasing animal resistance to disease.
Changes and trends in the beef industry suggest these concepts are becoming more applicable, practical and potentially of more value. Biosecurity and biocontainment concepts are being further developed. Additionally, more tools, such as diagnostic tests and epidemiological information, are available.
Education and changes in how beef producers address disease control will allow implementation of biosecurity and biocontainment concepts across the industry. Proactive veterinary profession leadership is required for the most successful implementation.
Client Education
Authors: Czeck Melissa 
Published: February 2023

Client education has been practiced in small animal medicine by both veterinarians and technicians for some time and is commonplace. However client education in large animal medicine especially in the cattle industry is not as common and is traditionally done by the veterinarian. Using technicians to educate producers is a management tool that veterinarians are starting to utilize.
As a technician you need to know your limitations both personally and legally. Use a teaching style that best suits you and works for the producer. Using continuing education to educate you both on teaching skills and keeping up on industry trends will help the veterinarian and technician feel more comfortable. Educating producers may be done one on one or in a group, each having benefits according to the situation. Large numbers of people can be reached by producer meetings, peer group sessions, newsletters or websites. One on one session give more personal attention and may be necessary in topics of sensitive issues or with a person who can not learn in a group setting.
Educating clients can be profitable for both the clinic and the farm if done correctly. Using the talents of educated technicians to provide client education will free up time for the veterinarian and increase technician revenue all while benefiting the producer.
Outcomes of Synchronization and Timed Insemination Coupled with Retained Ownership in a Commercial Beef Cattle Operation
Authors: Whittier W. Dee 
Published: February 2023

GnRH-based estrous synchronization programs have allowed for outstanding success in getting cows pregnant with timed insemination (TAI). This technology allows pregnancy rates approximating those of natural service to a single insemination. The system minimizes the requirement for estrus detection with its attendant error rates and high demand for labor. The overall method allows producers to select semen from superior sires with known progeny performance to meet the outcomes that are most economical for their operations. These outcomes include traits that provide for desirable parturition outcomes, high rates of growth and feed efficiency, and the production of carcasses that are sold for a premium because they receive desirable quality and yield grades.
Retained ownership beef cattle production schemes are different from traditional beef cattle management approaches wherein calves change ownership from the cow/calf operation to the growing phase and finally to the finishing or feedlot phase. Retained ownership through the feedlot and then marketing finished cattle through a value-based program allows the cow/calf producer to be compensated for the actual value of the beef produced. Because most calf marketing schemes tend to value cattle based on industry averages, there is the potential to augment income through retained ownership if cattle have characteristics that result in performance and end-product that is superior to industry average.
Association Between Reproduction and Preweaning Growth Traits and ELISA Scores for Paratuberculosis in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Herd of Cattle
Authors: Elzo M. A. , Rae D. O. , Lanhart S. E. , Wasdin J. G. , Dixon W. P. , Jones J. L. 
Published: February 2023

Genetic evaluation of animals for reproduction and production traits in beef cattle relies on models that account for environmental and genetic effects in the records used to perform computations. Records are assumed to come from healthy animals. This assumption is likely to be appropriate for acute or subacute infectious diseases that have short subclinical stages, where sick animals can be easily identified, and their records excluded from genetic evaluations. However, for chronic infectious diseases with long subclinical stages, it may be difficult to accurately identify sick animals. Their records are likely to be included in genetic evaluations, and losses in performance due to subclinical disease effects will not be accounted for.
One chronic incurable disease of cattle and other ruminants with subclinical stages that last for years is paratuberculosis. Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). A commonly used serological test to detect subclinical para tuberculosis is ELISA. The purpose of ELISA is to detect antibodies against MAP in the serum of infected animals. This test is primarily a herd-screening tool, and can detect approximately 50% of infected animals. In spite of its low sensitivity, Elzo et al (2006) found significant associations between ELISA scores for paratuberculosis and several cow and calf traits in a multibreed herd of beef cattle. The next step was to evaluate these associations from a genetic evaluation perspective, i.e., to quantify the association between individual traits of interest and ELISA scores.
The objective of this research was to obtain regression estimates of gestation length (GL), calving interval (CI), time open (TO), weight change of cow (WC) from late November (pre-calving) to September (weaning), birth weight of calf (BW) and weaning weight of calf (WW) on ELISA scores for paratuberculosis in an Angus-Brahman multibreed herd of beef cattle.
Effective Euthanasia of Cattle under Field Conditions
Authors: Shearer J. K. 
Published: February 2023

Euthanasia of cattle under field conditions may be accomplished in a variety of ways. However, few of these methods are as humane as gunshot or penetrating captive bolt combined with either exsanguination, the rapid intravenous injection of a concentrated solution of potassium chloride or pithing of the brain and upper spinal cord. The proper application of either method meets the objectives of inducing immediate loss of consciousness and rapid death without pain or distress to the animal. Persons who perform this task must be technically proficient and have a basic understanding of the most appropriate anatomical landmarks and equipment (firearms or captive bolt) used for humane euthanasia of animals.
In the following are some comments relative to indications, application and moral responsibility for conducting humane euthanasia of sick and/or debilitated animals in farm, ranch or other situations where veterinary supervision may, or may not be, available.
Decarbonisation options of existing thermal power plant burning natural gas
Authors: Linkevics Olegs , Grebesa Polina , Andersons Janis , Mezulis Ansis 
Published: February 2023

Nowadays power industry faces deepest crises ever with unprecedented prices shocks and climate challenges at the same time. From one hand we realise the need of energy transformation of power industry towards more sustainable future with climate neutral technologies. From the other hand it become obvious that this change could not happen immediately and transition period is needed with some fossil fuel technology still playing an important role as a back-up for renewable energy sources. The biggest question what is the best and cost-efficient way to decarbonise existing thermal power generation. We try to address it on the example of existing combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant fuelled by natural gas. Clearly the following possible options were identified: 1) replacement of natural gas with alternative gases, such as green hydrogen, bio or synthetic methane, 2) carbon capture and underground storage (CCS) in geological formations, 3) carbon capture, liquefaction and export, 4) carbon capture and utilisation (CCU). US giant General Electric in its publication “Decarbonizing gas turbines through carbon capture” is considering similar options for decarbonising of gas turbines. They divide it into two approaches: 1) pre-combustion by using a zero or carbon neutral fuels, such as hydrogen, synthetic methane, biofuels or ammonia and 2) post-combustion by removing carbon from the plant exhaust, using liquid or solid sorbents or oxy-fuel cycles. In this publication we try to compare these different options, despite they are not clearly comparable. For the analysis we take natural gas fired CCGT plant Riga TPP-2 in Latvia with installed capacity of 881 MW (in condensing mode).
Integrin α3 Mediates Stemness and Invasion of Glioblastoma by Regulating
POU3F2
Authors: Yao Junchao , Wang Leilei 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor. Integrins have been implicated in the malignancy of GBM. A recent study demonstrated that integrin α3 (ITGA3) promoted the invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating transcriptional factor POU3F2. However, whether this also happened in GBM remained unknown.

Methods:
Therefore, we explored the relationship between ITGA3 and POU3F2 in GBM. We measured the expression of ITGA3 and POU3F2 in GBM tissues. We generated ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown GBM U87MG cells and the proliferation, migration and invasion, the expression of stemness markers and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured. We transplanted ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown GBM U87MG cells into mice. The mice were treated with anti-ITGA3 antibody. The tumor sizes, the expression of stemness markers and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured.

Results:
Both ITGA3 and POU3F2 were upregulated in GBM tissues. Knocking down ITGA3 resulted in reduced expression of POU3F2. Knocking down ITGA3 and POU3F2 suppressed U87MG cells proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited the expression of stemness markers and prevented epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The transplantation of ITGA3 knockdown and POU3F2 knockdown U87MG cells decreased tumor size.

Conclusion:
Anti-ITGA3 antibody treatment reduced the tumor size. ITGA3 regulates stemness and invasion of glioblastoma through POU3F2.
Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Analysis of
EGFR-derived Peptides against the EGF
Authors: Ghasemali Samaneh , Farajnia Safar , Nazari Atefeh , Bargahi Nasrin , Mohammadinasr Mina 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the tyrosine kinase
receptor family known as ErbB. The EGFR signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation,
differentiation, division, and survival, as well as cancer development in humans. Epidermal growth
factor, betacellulin, amphiregulin, transforming growth factor and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
are high-affinity ligands of EGFR.

Objective:
Tumor progression can be effectively prevented by inhibiting EGF/EGFR interactions. In this
study, many anti-EGF peptides targeting EGFR binding regions were designed, modeled, and evaluated.
After selecting the peptides with the highest binding energy to the EGF, the interactions between the candidate
peptides and all of the key EGFR ligands were investigated.

Methods:
To identify an EGF-binding peptide capable of blocking EGFR-EGF interactions, large-scale
peptide mutation screening was performed. Using the AntiCP server, several possible peptides with anticancer
properties were identified. The ClusPro analysis was performed in order to analyze the interactions
between EGF and all of the library peptides. A total of five peptides with favorable docking scores were
identified. The stability of three peptides with the best docking scores in complex with EGF was verified,
applying molecular dynamics simulation with the help of the GROMACS software package. Finally, the
interaction of candidate peptides with transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding EGF-like
growth factor, and betacellulin was investigated using the ClusPro server.

Results:
After the screening of modeled peptides by the ClusPro server and GROMACS software, two
anti-EGF peptides of Pep4 and Pep5 with 31 residues were developed. Then, we demonstrate that both of
these peptides can bind to the other high-affinity ligands of EGFR and block TGFA/EGFR,
HBEGF/EGFR, and BTC/EGFR interactions.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest novel insights for developing therapies based on peptides for inhibiting
the EGF, TGFA, HBEGF, and BTC signaling cascade in cancer cells. Pep4 and Pep5 designed in this
work, are recommended as potentially promising anticancer peptides for further experimental evaluation.
A Fistulized Giant Duodenal Stromal Tumor in a Young Patient: A Case Report
With Literature Review for Tomographic Diagnosis
Authors: Kilickap Gulsum 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of periampullary region pathologies.

Case Report:
A 24-year-old male patient applied to the general surgery department with the complaint of long-standing abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after meals, and 8-10 kg weight loss in 1 month. Three-phase dynamic abdominopelvic CT showed that the 1st and the 2nd segments of the duodenum were dilated. At this level, a peripherally intensely contrasted heterogeneous mass lesion, 91x70x46 mm in size, was observed. There was oral contrast and air values in the center of the mass. A fistulized mass connected with the duodenal wall was considered in the differential diagnosis. In the surgical exploration, a soft, vascularized mass fistulized to the 2nd segment of the duodenum was observed. Pathological diagnosis was reported as GIST.

Conclusion:
GISTs arise from the precursors of Cajal Interstitial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Contrast-enhanced CT is the preferred diagnostic method for staging, risk stratification, and follow-up. We presented a young case with a giant duodenal GIST and discussed differential diagnosis and some diagnostic properties.
Trimming and Decontamination of Metagenomic Data can Significantly
Impact Assembly and Binning Metrics, Phylogenomic and Functional
Analysis
Authors: Whitham Jason M. , Grunden Amy M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Investigators using metagenomic sequencing to study microbiomes often
trim and decontaminate reads without knowing their effect on downstream analyses.

Objective:
This study was designed to evaluate the impacts JGI trimming and decontamination procedures
have on assembly and binning metrics, placement of MAGs into species trees, and functional
profiles of MAGs extracted from complex rhizosphere metagenomes, as well as how more aggressive
trimming impacts these binning metrics.

Methods:
Twenty-three Miscanthus x giganteus rhizosphere metagenomes were subjected to different
combinations and thresholds of force, kmer, and quality trimming and decontamination using BBDuk.
Reads were assembled and binned in KBase. Phylogenomic and statistical analyses were applied to
evaluate the effects of trimming and decontamination on downstream analyses.

Results:
We found that JGI trimmed and decontaminated reads had significant impacts on assembly
and binning metrics compared to raw reads, including significantly higher total contig counts, more
contigs greater than 10k bp in length, and larger total lengths of raw assemblies compared to QC assemblies,
and 2.0% lower average contamination of QC MAGs compared to raw MAGs. We also
found that differences in the placement of MAGs in species trees increased with decreasing completeness
and contamination thresholds. Furthermore, aggressive trimming (Q20) was found to significantly
reduce MAG counts.

Conclusion:
Trimming and decontamination of metagenomics reads prior to assembly can change an
investigator’s answer to the questions, “Who is there and what are they doing?” However, mild trimming
and decontamination of metagenomic reads with high-quality scores are recommended for removing
sample processing and sequencing artifacts.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Exercise Impairment in Patients with
Heart Failure, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from the
T.O.S.CA. Registry (Cardiovascular Diabetology 2022)
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Triggiani Domenico 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are known to affect
the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), but little evidence exists about the impact of IR and T2D
on right ventricular dysfunction and exercise tolerance.

:
Insights from the T.O.S.C.A. Registry: Echocardiographic hallmarks and cardiopulmonary exercise test
(CPET) results were evaluated at baseline and after an average time of 36 months. T2D patients exhibited
a greater intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness (11 ± 2 mm, 10 ± 2 mm, 10 ± 2 mm, in T2D, IR, and
EU, respectively; p<.05) and LV wall thickness (0.34 ± 0.1, 0.32 ± 0.1, and 0.32 ± 0.1, in T2D, IR, and
EU, respectively; p<.05). Moreover, T2D patients exhibited worse LV filling dynamics with larger left
atrial volume index compared to IR and EU. Right ventricle dysfunction, expressed as a lower
TAPSE/PASP ratio, was found in T2D [0.52(0.32–0.72)] than in EU and IR [0.60(0.30–0.90); p<.05].
T2D patients showed a significantly lower VO2 max peak when compared to IR and EU patients (15.8
± 3.8 vs. 16.5 ± 4.3 vs. 18.4 ± 4.3 ml/Kg/min; p<.003), with an inverse relationship between the HOMAIR
classes and VO2 max. Right ventricle structure and function deteriorated more rapidly in T2D, as
suggested by more relevant deterioration in TAPSE/PASP ratio (-10% in EU patients, -14% in IR patients,
-21% in T2D; p<.05).

Commentary:
The study findings suggest that the right ventricle structure, function, and cardiopulmonary
performance deteriorate with IR and, more evidently, due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in
T2D. Impaired exercise tolerance, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, diastolic dysfunction, and left atrial
enlargement predispose patients to poor quality of life, suboptimal adherence to physical activity, and an
overall increase in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia
accelerates the progression of these alterations, especially in patients with poor glycemic control over
time. Highly selective and even more non-selective sodium glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors and
glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should be considered as the first-line therapy for improving
CV outcomes in T2D and CHF. Further studies are needed to understand the role of these molecules in
treating pre-clinical conditions, such as IR and metabolic syndrome.