bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação econômica das vacinas contra COVID-19 disponíveis no Brasil
Authors: Furtado Monique de Sousa , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Barreto David Márcio de Oliveira , Itria Alexander , Andrade Regis Mariano de , Peregrino Antônio Augusto de Freitas , Siqueira Ana Paula Rodrigues , Young Esther Cytrynbaum 
Published: January 2025

A COVID-19 foi caracterizada como uma pandemia e para enfrentá-la a comunidade científica ampliou os esforços para desenvolver e produzir vacinas. Identificou-se o efeito da hesitação vacinal, que reflete a preocupação da população mundial em relação à velocidade sem precedentes de desenvolvimento e autorização emergente dessas vacinas. Para preencher as lacunas de conhecimento acerca da segurança e efetividade das vacinas contra a COVID-19 e dirimir as dúvidas quanto a sua eficiência, a Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde torna-se fundamental. O método foi quantitativo, com análise econômica do tipo custo-efetividade com cadeia de Markov. A população alvo foram brasileiros de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou maior que cinco anos. A perspectiva foi o Sistema Único de Saúde a nível federal, o horizonte temporal doze meses. Estados de saúde: Forma Leve, Forma Grave, Ausência de manifestações clínicas, Recuperação e Morte. Análise de sensibilidade: determinística e probabilística com simulações de Monte Carlo. A vacina Coronavac foi dominada pelas vacinas Astrazeneca, Pfizer e Janssen visto que apresenta a menor efetividade para o desfecho Anos de Vida Ganhos. Quando se considera Benefício Líquido Monetário a vacina Pfizer é a mais custo-efetiva. Na análise de sensibilidade determinísticas e probabilística das 3 vacinas dominantes também se evidenciou que a vacina Pfizer é a mais custo-efetiva. É imperativo a realização de estudos de avaliação econômica e de tecnologias em saúde, para que se possa contribuir para o debate acerca do valor da vacinação contra COVID-19 no país, auxiliando os gestores e a população em suas escolhas.
Physical fitness at work and its relationship with cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic health. A systematic review
Authors: González de Paz Aixa , Escalona Evelin 
Published: January 2025

The relationship between physical fitness and work capacity is an important determinant of workers' health, influencing productivity and well-being. Objective: To assess the existing knowledge on the relationship between cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic health with the components of physical fitness (including aerobic and muscular fitness, joint flexibility and balance) and physical activity. Methods: Through a systematic review carried out between August and October 2023, using academic databases to identify relevant articles that analyzed the interrelationship between physical fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors and work performance. Results: Five articles were retrieved suggesting that promoting physical fitness and managing cardiovascular disease risk factors are essential to improving workers' work performance, productivity and longevity. Conclusion: The importance of physical fitness and management of cardiovascular disease risk factors in workers' work performance is shown. Greater cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility were shown to be associated with a lower incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, suggesting that regular physical activity, both aerobic and anaerobic, has a protective effect on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health.
Discurso de clausura de la Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad
Authors: Carrasco Vargas Humberto 
Published: January 2025

Este discurso fue emitido en el Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, como parte de la ceremonia de graduación del personal que concluyó sus estudios de maestrías, especialidades y altas especialidades médicas, en la Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad.
The Right Question to the Right Answer
Authors: Marc C. L. , Tulio D. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Highways are designed as a multi-layered half-space including asphalt/concrete road surface, granular aggregate base, cohesive sub-base, and granitic bedrock. The FWD (falling weight deflectometer) is a dynamic field test to back-calculate the layer thicknesses and moduli, to ensure design and performance. This investigation is the first attempt to solve this problem using the correct theory (elastodynamics), correct method (regression), correct boundary conditions (mixed), and correct response (velocities). The finite difference numerical model F2D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuum) was used to backcalculate (regression) these results, with a recently added computer language called Python to obtain the correct problem of the correct solution. Using the measured dynamic results from a FWD test performed on a test section of MnROAD, the layer thicknesses and moduli were backcalculated using F2D/Python with greater accuracy than with using previously used incorrect numerical methods.

1. INTRODUCTION
The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a device designed to simulate deflection of a pavement surface caused by a fast-moving truck. The FWD generates a load pulse (dynamic surface wave) by dropping a circular weight on a layered half-space (asphalt or concrete road system). This load pulse is transmitted to the pavement through a 300-millimeter (mm) diameter circular load plate. The load pulse generated by the FWD momentarily deforms the elastic pavement under the load plate into a dish or bowl shape (ASTM, 2015). Envisioned from a side view, the shape of the deformed pavement surface is an axisymmetric deflection basin, as shown in Figure 1, with the nine geophone locations given in Table 1 using accelerometers.
Based on the force imparted to the pavement and the shape of the deflection basin, it is possible to estimate the stiffness and thickness of the pavement layers by using various computational methods, including the computer language Python integrated into Itasca (Itasca, 2024).
A typical FWD test result would include vertical velocity histories at the surface geophone locations, as shown in Figure 2.
Preliminary Study on the Practical Implementation of Anisotropic Shale's Pore Pressure Response
Authors: Asaka M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Shale plays a crucial role as the overburden rock of most conventional oil and gas fields, as well as carbon capture and storage sites. Therefore, understanding its geomechanial response is vital for ensuring safe operations. Shale rocks exhibit strong elastic anisotropy due to the presence of highly anisotropic clay minerals and its alignment, which significantly impacts geomechanical responses. For example, in anisotropic materials, Skempton's B parameter needs to be generalized to a second-order tensor, as it greatly influences the undrained induced pore presure caused by drill-out. Accurate prediction of undrained induced pore pressure requires knowledge of the components of the generalized Skempton's B tensor. However, due to the cost and complexity of core measurements, the generalized Skempton's B tensor is not typically measured in the field. To address this issue, a preliminary study was conducted to estimate the generalized Skempton's B tensor of shale using exsiting core measurment results. The generalized Skempton's B tensor was estimated using anisotropic poroelasticity, taking into account the measured undrained rock stiffess, measured porosity, estimated fluid bulk modulus, and assumed grain bulk modulus. The estimated components of the generalized Skempton's B tensor were compared with the measured values to evalute the effecitiveness of this approach.

1. INTRODUCTION
Shale plays a crucial role as the overburden rock of most conventional oil and gas fields, as well as in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites. Therefore, understanding its geomechanical response is vital for ensuring safe drilling and operations. Shale rocks exhibit strong elastic anisotropy (e.g., Vernik and Nur, 1992; Wang, 2002; Szewczyk et al., 2018; Lozovyi and Bauer, 2019) due to the presence of highly anisotropic clay minerals and their alignment. Additionally, Skempton's B parameter needs to be generalized to a second-order tensor, as demonstrated by existing core measurements (e.g., Lozovyi and Bauer, 2019; Holt et al., 2018). This has significant implications for the estimation of undrained induced pore pressure in shales.
Comparative Analysis of Sand Production Mitigation in Semi-Consolidated and Consolidated Sandstones Through Formation Strength Enhancement
Authors: Alameen M. Basheer , Elraies Khaled A. , Mohyaldinn Mysara , Almansour Abdullah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Sand production is a significant problem in the oil and gas industry, damaging equipment and reducing well productivity. Oil companies invest millions of dollars annually to address this issue. Sand production increases sharply as water saturation increases during the water injection process. In principle, the rate of sand production mainly depends on rock strength inside sandstone formations. Hence, this study investigates the impact of quartz hydrolysis, a chemical reaction between quartz and water, leading to silica dissolution on sandstone strength as a function of water saturation through a dynamic approach. Also, present an inhibitor to prevent or reduce this reaction and to bolster the formation strength. Dynamic core flooding experiments were used to establish correlations between silica dissolution and sandstone strength as a function of various water saturation for both semi-consolidated and consolidated sandstone formations. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of temperature and time on silica dissolution and core strength. Finally, study the efficacy of an inhibitor in various concentrations to control this dissolution and its effect on core strength. The experiment results showed a clear correlation between increased water saturation and significantly enhanced silica dissolution, consequently reducing the core strength. In semi-consolidated sandstone, core strength has been dropping from 9.56 MPa (dry condition) as water saturation increased from 20 % to 100 %, companied by an increase in silica dissolution; this decline in core strength was steady until reaching the peak of reduction at 100 % Sw, where it reached 5.4 MPa, coinciding with the highest measured silica dissolution of 19.8 mg/l. In the case of consolidated sandstone, a similar trend of dissolution and strength reduction was observed. However, the maximum reduction in strength was 19.5 MPa, down from an initial strength of 33 MPa. This indicates that consolidated sandstone still has a higher strength to withstand failure. Additionally, the results showed a direct sensitivity of silica dissolution and core strength to temperature and time. Concerning the effect of inhibitor, sodium phosphate demonstrates a notable ability to suppress silica dissolution, particularly at concentrations of 0.1 wt% and 1 wt%. This inhibition effectively maintains core strength near its original value. This study presents a novel approach to mitigating the main source of increased sand production during water breakthrough rather than applying traditional sand control techniques.
Fluid Infiltration vs Hydraulic Fracturing in Weakly Cemented Reservoirs
Authors: Konstantinou C. , Papanastasiou P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
This study explores the transition from fluid infiltration to hydraulic fracturing in weakly cemented sandstones, which is critical for various geo-energy applications. Fluid flow experiments were conducted on artificially generated specimens with controlled mechanical and hydraulic properties. The experiments demonstrated that the mean applied stress and flow rate are the most influential factors affecting this transition, followed by material strength, viscosity, and permeability. Further, the use of Support Vector Machine regression analysis validated these findings, achieving R-squared values between 0.72 and 0.94 in predicting peak pressures. The study highlights the complex interactions between stress conditions, fluid properties, and rock strength in weakly cemented reservoirs. The results are relevant for optimizing hydraulic fracturing, groundwater applications, reservoir management, and wellbore strengthening, and provide a foundation for understanding fluid flow behavior in highly porous media.

1. INTRODUCTION
Fluid flow injection in reservoirs is relevant to many applications in the geo-energy field, with the most well-known being hydraulic fracturing, which is used to stimulate productivity in tight reservoirs or to control sand production in weak formations. In water flooding for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, reservoir fracturing must be avoided to achieve a uniform sweep of the reservoir (Yan et al., 2022; Nguyen, 2021). Another related application is wellbore strengthening, which helps prevent mud losses during drilling, especially in offshore deep-water environments.
In weakly cemented reservoirs, the conditions for achieving fracturing vs fluid infiltration are unknown, as hydraulic fracturing is not governed by the classical theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the fluid diffusion may dominate in the parameter space which is defined by the in-situ stresses, rock strength, and the injection parameters of flow rates and viscosity (Konstantinou, 2021; Zhai, 2006; Khodaverdian, 2010; Omori et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2012). Understanding these complex mechanisms which govern the coupled processes requires knowledge of both geomechanics and hydraulics.
A Generative Model of Discrete Fracture Networks Based on Latent Diffusion Model
Authors: Teng Zheng , Wu Hui , Zhang Jize , Ju Xin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Discrete fractures are prevalent in shallow crust and play a crucial role in the transport of fluids, mass, and heat underground. Therefore, accurately characterizing subsurface discrete fracture networks (DFNs) is essential for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. Such characterization often relies on the inversion of indirect observational data. However, the inherent complexity of DFNs, together with the generally limited and sparse geological/geophysical data, present significant challenges to DFN characterization. In this study, we introduce a low-dimensional generative model for DFNs based on latent diffusion models (LDMs). The LDM is trained on DFN samples that incorporate well-acknowledged fracture statistical properties. Our results demonstrate that this method is able to generate high-quality DFNs from a low-dimensional latent space, and can properly reproduce the key fracture statistical distributions in terms of fracture location, length and orientation. This low-dimensional generative model provides an effective parameterization tool for subsurface DFN characterization.

1. INTRODUCTION
Discrete fractures play a crucial role in governing mass and heat transport processes in the context of subsurface reservoir exploitation (Anderson and Fairley, 2008). The effective development of these reservoirs demands a comprehensive characterization of the underlying discrete fracture network (DFN) (Galloway et al., 2018; Lepillier et al., 2020). Given the high costs and technical challenges of directly observing subsurface fractures, the characterization process frequently relies on the inversion of indirect hydraulic or geophysical data (Afshari Moein et al., 2018; Hawkins et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2023). However, such inversions often face ill-posedness problems, arising from the complex geometries of typically densely distributed fractures and the generally sparse nature of geological and geophysical data (Zhan et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2023).
Consequently, there is a pressing need for an effective low-dimensional parameterization method for DFNs to bridge the gap between their complexity and the limitations imposed by data scarcity. Traditional approaches treat each fracture as an independent entity, describing them through parameters related to their location, length and orientation. This leads to a high-dimensional and uncertain parameter space, which hinders the applicability of most inversion techniques.
A Machine Learning-Based Multi-Scale Natural Fracture Characterization Approach Using Seismic Attributes in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Liu Dongchen , Liu Shaojun , Cao Lieyan , Qu Chongjiu , Shen Xiuyue , Leines Joseph , Liu Chuxi , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is a crucial technology in the Sichuan Basin, China owing to its potential for natural gas production. However, reservoir characterization in a complex geological environment whose architecture is dominated by small- and large-scale fracture corridors poses significant challenges to an effective economic field development. Multistage fracturing uniformity indices rely on an optimal fluid distribution in every stage, which can be hampered by geological structures that serve as leakage sites in the reservoir. Recent field developments in the Sichuan Basin's shale reservoirs have motivated to characterize natural fracture properties and hydraulic fracture geometry based on geophysical data. This work employs an innovative method to extract three-dimensional (3D) natural fractures in fracture corridors from ant tracking and maximum curvature seismic features. The fracture corridors are directly included in reservoir simulation workflows. The results can be readily used for hydraulic fracturing completion optimization in unconventional reservoirs.

1. INTRODUCTION
Gas production in Sichuan basin has made significant progresses in the last few years by adopting well-known technologies such as multistage fracturing. However, geological complexities still limit optimal deployment of stimulation treatments. During hydraulic fracturing propagation, numerous fracture corridors and pad-scale faults are encountered, which poses challenges to a uniform fluid distribution inside perforation clusters. Fluid leaking in such geological complexities reduce the efficiency of the stimulation treatment, leaving poorly stimulated stages. For those reasons, operators have put significant efforts in geological characterization with the hopes to efficiently model potential leakage sites and find strategies to avoid low performance. Literature shows work on automatic fault detection and fracture corridor characterization using seismic data. Fault detection has progressed in the last few years, resulting in accurate representations of such features (Hu et al., 2014; Fang et al., 2017). Fracture corridor characterization, however, is often simplified using faults to describe them (Astratti et al., 2010) or using upscaling methods in reservoir models (Ahmed et al., 2010; Zhang and Koutsabeloulis, 2010). The accurate modeling of both faults and fracture corridors are essential to optimize gas production in the Sichuan basin.
Optimizing Hydraulic Fracture Design to Mitigate Casing Deformation in Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs with Complex Natural Fractures
Authors: Huang Haoyong , Gou Qiyong , Chen Liqing , Gui Junchuan , Zhang Zhen , Yu Wei , Liu Chuxi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
Casing deformation in shale gas wells is a significant challenge that compromises wellbore integrity and reduces production efficiency, particularly in complex geological settings such as the Sichuan Basin, China. This study focuses on mitigating casing deformation risks in a typical shale gas pad consisting of four horizontal wells. A detailed geomechanical analysis was conducted, examining stress distribution and rock brittleness. A natural fracture model was developed, identifying four groups of fractures with lateral scales ranging from tens of meters to kilometers. A total of 31 stages with casing deformation risks were identified: 6 stages in Well-1, 6 in Well-2, 10 in Well-3, and 9 in Well-4. Three mitigation methods were proposed: optimizing stage and cluster design to avoid high-risk fracture zones (e.g., bypassing a 130-meter high-risk section in Well-2), reducing sand intensity to below 3 tons per meter in 2/3 of high-risk stages, and adjusting the fracturing sequence to prioritize high-risk stages. These methods effectively enhance wellbore integrity and optimize hydraulic fracturing operations.

1. INTRODUCTION
Casing deformation during hydraulic fracturing presents a significant challenge in the development of shale gas reservoirs, especially in geologically complex regions such as the Sichuan Basin, China (Zeng et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2023; Han et al., 2023; Wu et al., 2024; Uribe-Patino et al., 2024). As global demand for shale gas rises, maintaining the integrity of wellbore casings becomes increasingly crucial to ensuring safe and productive gas extraction. Casing deformation, which results from excessive stress and strain on the steel casing, can compromise wellbore integrity, leading to reduced production, costly repairs, and even well abandonment in severe cases. The presence of natural fractures, varying stress conditions, and faults in the reservoir often exacerbate deformation, making it essential to understand these mechanisms and develop effective mitigation strategies to optimize hydraulic fracturing and ensure the long-term viability of shale gas wells.
Assessing Subsea Well Architecture Impact on A-Annulus Behaviour: Case Study from Ichthys Gas Field, Australia
Authors: Yoshimoto Tatsuya , Burns Jeff , Abu Amsha Sami , Furuichi Naoto , Quaden Roy , Giwelli Ausama 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT:
In response to higher reservoir temperatures in the Jurassic Plover formations, significant modifications were made to well architecture and tree hardware to endure temperatures up to 165°C. The new design featured 26" and 36" casings with dual cement return ports. While the lower ports on the "D" annulus were sealed during cementing, the upper ports on the ‘C’ annulus remained open. Production from the Plover wells revealed regular fluctuations in A-annulus pressure, raising concerns about well integrity. A multidisciplinary investigation identified a strong correlation between A-annulus pressure variations, tubing wellhead temperature, and tidal magnitude. The observed pressure fluctuations exceeded the pressure change from tidal effects, suggesting that temperature changes within the annulus, likely due to flow through the open ‘C’ annulus, were influencing pressure. This was confirmed by an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) survey revealing bidirectional flow through the ‘C’ annulus. The study led to the decision to seal the ports with custom metal plugs and apply chemical treatments to address Microbially Induced Corrosion (MIC). Post-installation monitoring confirmed the effectiveness of this intervention. This investigation underscores the value of proactive measures and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing offshore gas field operations.

1. INTRODUCTION
The Ichthys gas field, one of the largest discoveries in Australian waters, is in the Timor Sea, approximately 220 km offshore from Broome, Western Australia (Fig. 1). The field connects to the onshore LNG facilities at Bladin Point, near Darwin, through an 889 km subsea pipeline. This vast infrastructure supports the development of two key reservoirs: the Brewster member of the early Cretaceous upper Vulcan formation and the Jurassic Plover formation (Fig. 2). The Plover formation, which consists of fluvial to shallow-marine sandstones, shales, and igneous rocks, presents unique technical challenges, particularly in terms of well integrity due to the higher reservoir temperatures.
The Jurassic Plover formation is characterised by elevated temperatures reaching up to 165°C, necessitating significant adjustments to well architecture and hardware design. These design modifications, undertaken in line with INPEX's Well Integrity and Design Manuals, were aimed at ensuring the well's long-term operability and safety under such extreme conditions. The introduction of 26" and 36" casings and dual cement return ports within the low-pressure wellhead system was a critical part of this effort.