bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative petrophysical evaluation of the Abu Roash, Bahariya, and Kharita reservoirs using well-logging data, East El-Fayoum, Egypt
Authors: Ebraheem Mohamed Osman , Ibrahim Hamza Ahmed , Senosy Ahmed Hosny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources in the Western Desert require more continuous activities. The Silah is a newly discovered field in this region. Therefore, this study emphasizes the application of petrophysical evaluation to sandstone and carbonate reservoirs from the late and early Cretaceous. These formations are the most potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the studied area as a part of the western desert. Additionally, this study involves a comparative evaluation of the Abu Roash, Bahariya, and Kharita reservoirs using well-logging data by applying different cross-plots that are used for determining different petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation, permeability, and net-to-gross ratio. These logs are gamma-ray (GR), calliper, resistivity (RLA5, RLA3, and RXOZ), photoelectric effect (PEFZ), neutron (APLC), and density (RHOZ). These plots agree with the results deduced from the interpretation of lithologic logs. Fourteen hydrocarbon-bearing zones are identified in the Silah field. Only two zones, namely, Zone 2 in Silah-15 and Zone 1 in South Silah-1X, are considered the best for hydrocarbon generation. These zones are characterized by low to moderate shale volume, moderate to high total porosity, good effective porosity, low water saturation, and high net-to-gross ratio. These zones lie in the Abu Roash/F member. These deduced points prove that the Abu Roash/F member can be an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir. This member in the Silah field appears to be a promising hydrocarbon reservoir because it matches the petrophysical parameters of the investigated zones and others in the northwestern Desert. This suggests that there may be reservoir continuity and similarity.
Monascus red pigment influence on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-mediated renal toxicity in rats
Authors: Alqurashy Nasser N. , Yousef Mokhtar I. , Hussein Ahmed A. , Kamel Maher A. , El Wakil Abeer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) have been applied in several biomedical fields. However, its interaction with biological systems is less exploited. This study aimed to characterize HANPs, examine their influence on kidneys, and explore the potential protective effects of naturally extracted red pigment (RP) from Monascus purpureus against HANPs-induced renal toxicity. To this aim, forty eight adult male rats were randomly divided into 8 equal groups: a control group receiving 4% dimethyl sulfoxide (the solvent for HANPs), three groups receiving extracted RP at different doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, a group receiving HANPs at a dose of 88.3 mg/kg, and three more groups receiving a double treatment of HANPs associated with RP. The respective treatment was given daily by oral gavage to animals for 50 days which is the duration of the whole experiment. The renal toxicity caused by HANPs was manifested by aberrations in kidney function parameters, intensification of oxidative stress markers, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, an increase in inflammatory (TNF-α and TGF-β) and apoptotic (caspace-3) markers, an elevation in gene-based kidney injuries markers (Kim-1 and lipocalin-2), and pathological tissue changes were determined. Meanwhile, co-treatment with different doses of biopigment and HANPs have reduced oxidative stress via their potent antioxidant effect. This was confirmed by pronounced improvement in the measured parameters along with the histological structural enhancement in a dose dependent manner compared to controls. To sum up, RP from M. purpureus has potential protective benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of HANPs.
Thrush nightingales adjust the peak frequency and structure of their songs in response to different types of experimental noise
Authors: Budka Michał 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Animals employ various strategies to minimize the overlap of their vocalizations with other sounds, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of their communication. However, little attention has been given to experimentally examining how the structure of the acoustic signal changes in response to various kinds of disturbances in the soundscape. In this study, I experimentally investigated whether male thrush nightingales (Luscinia luscinia) adjust their singing rate, song frequency, and song type in response to different types of artificial sounds. While males did not reduce the intensity of their singing in noise, they did adjust the peak frequency of their songs—raising it in the presence of low-frequency noise and lowering it in response to high-frequency noise. These bidirectional changes were associated with selective use of phrases from their repertoire. The proportion of low- to high-frequency phrases was significantly reduced under low-frequency noise and increased under high-frequency noise. The results suggest that disturbing sounds can modify the peak frequency and structure of songbird vocalizations, at least in the short term. Birds may enhance the signal-to-noise ratio by selecting phrases from their repertoire that are less affected by noise. For species with a large repertoire, new sounds transmitted within a species-specific frequency range may play an important role in the process of cultural song transmission.
Identifying impairments and compensatory strategies for temporal gait asymmetry in post-stroke persons
Authors: Mizuta Naomichi , Hasui Naruhito , Higa Yasutaka , Matsunaga Ayaka , Ohnishi Sora , Sato Yuki , Nakatani Tomoki , Taguchi Junji , Morioka Shu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In post-stroke persons, temporal gait asymmetry (TGA) during comfortable gait involves a combination of pure impairments and compensatory strategies. In this study, we aimed to differentiate between pure impairments and compensatory strategies underlying TGA in post-stroke individuals and identify associated clinical factors. We examined 39 post-stroke individuals who participated in comfortable walking speed (CWS) and rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC). Gait evaluation included spatiotemporal parameters and trunk acceleration, while clinical evaluation comprised motor paralysis severity, sensory disturbances, spasticity, balance ability, and gait efficacy. The participants were classified by clustering based on the symmetry index during CWS and RAC. TGA during CWS or RAC gait showed no association (ρ = 0.062, p = 0.707). Clustering yielded four optimal clusters. Cluster 1 was asymmetric during CWS but symmetric during RAC condition (over-compensatory strategies); these participants had a poor score on the modified gait efficacy scale, and despite mild functional impairments, they lacked the confidence to walk safely. Cluster 2 showed impairment-driven asymmetry during CWS and RAC, with severe impairments and instability. Participants showing improved TGA under auditory cueing compared with comfortable speed demonstrate strong compensatory strategies associated with low gait efficacy. This suggests a need for targeted interventions to enhance gait self-efficacy and maximize residual function.
Characterization of some selected macroalgae extracts and assessment of their insecticidal and genotoxicity in Culex pipiens L. mosquito larvae
Authors: Refaay Dina A. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Heikal Yasmin M. , Rashed Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The continual use of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito larvae has severe implications for human health and the ecosystem, highlighting the need for alternative natural insecticides. Macroalgae may be a good alternative because of their biologically active metabolites with distinctive chemical structures that have been reported for their insecticidal properties. The study aimed to investigate the potential of different extracts from Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux and Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier as genotoxic and larvicidal agents against Culex pipiens Linnaeus larvae. The algae thallus was subjected to extraction using methanol, acetone, and methylene chloride. The phytochemical composition was quantified. The larvicidal activity of the different algae extracts was assessed against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens. Genotoxic evaluation through comet assays and compound characterization by GC/MS was done. The results demonstrated that J. rubens methylene chloride extract exhibited the highest contents of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins while C. sinuosa methanol extract demonstrated the highest levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins. The larvicidal activity results revealed that J. rubens methylene chloride extract was the most toxic for C. pipiens larvae with LC50 = 9.30 ppm followed by C. sinuosa acetone extract with LC50 = 82.58 ppm after 72 h of exposure. At 50 and 250 ppm, J. rubens methylene chloride and C. sinuosa acetone extracts maintained 100 and 93.33% larval mortality rates, respectively. Comet assay results demonstrated the genotoxicity of both algae extracts in C. pipiens larvae. This study would be a beginning towards replacing chemical insecticides with algae-based bioinsecticides against C. pipiens mosquitos.
Improving ocean reanalyses of observationally sparse regions with transfer learning
Authors: Lentz Simon , Brune Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Baehr Johanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oceanic subsurface observations are sparse and lead to large uncertainties in any model-based estimate. We investigate the applicability of transfer learning based neural networks to reconstruct North Atlantic temperatures in times with sparse observations. Our network is trained on a time period with abundant observations to learn realistic physical behavior. Evaluating it within a consistent data assimilation framework, this network learns and reproduces its training data’s physical patterns. Additionally, the network is able to transfer these patterns towards a historical ocean heat content estimate in times with sparse observations. Consequently, with infrequent input data, machine learning reconstructions exhibit similar physical structures, while correcting for known errors compared to state-of-the-art data assimilation products. In this manner, transfer learning can impact the initialization and evaluation of climate hindcasts. Furthermore, by exhibiting the capability to accurately transfer results from high to low-frequencies, transfer learning based neural networks showcase their relevance in mixed-frequency measurements beyond climate science.
Association between extracellular DNA levels, markers of inflammation and left ventricular mass index in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lindblad Ylva Tranæus , Tóthová Ľubomíra , Celec Peter , Kublickiene Karolina , Bárány Peter , Chromek Milan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, but the primary factors triggering this inflammation remain unclear. Extracellular or cell-free DNA (exDNA) originates from virtually all tissues, being released during cell death, and stimulates the innate immune system. Our study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional cohort study of children with CKD (both before and after kidney transplantation) and controls to analyze associations between exDNA, markers of inflammation, and cardiovascular health. Extracellular DNA (total, nuclear, and mitochondrial) was analyzed in plasma using fluorometry and real-time PCR. We found that children with CKD after kidney transplantation had higher concentrations of total and nuclear extracellular DNA (total exDNA and nc_exDNA) in plasma compared to controls. In univariate analysis, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were positively correlated with total exDNA and nc_exDNA concentrations. Multivariate analysis revealed LVMI as the only independent variable associated with high levels of both total exDNA and nc_exDNA. We believe that our results contribute new knowledge to the pathogenesis of CKD and its complications and may help identify new treatment targets.
A multi-modal deep learning model for prediction of Ki-67 for meningiomas using pretreatment MR images
Authors: Chen Chaoyue , Zhao Yanjie , Cai Linrui , Jiang Haoze , Teng Yuen , Zhang Yang , Zhang Shuangyi , Zheng Junkai , Zhao Fumin , Huang Zhouyang , Xu Xiaolong , Zan Xin , Xu Jianfeng , Zhang Lei , Xu Jianguo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study developed and validated a deep learning network using baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict Ki-67 status in meningioma patients. A total of 1239 patients were retrospectively recruited from three hospitals between January 2010 and December 2023, forming training, internal validation, and two external validation cohorts. A representation learning framework was utilized for modeling, and performance was assessed against existing methods. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to investigate whether the model could be used for tumor growth prediction. The model achieved superior results, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.797 for internal testing and 0.808 for generalization, alongside 0.756 and 0.727 for 3- and 5-year tumor growth predictions, respectively. The prediction was significantly associated with the growth of asymptomatic small meningiomas. Overall, the model provides an effective tool for early prediction of Ki-67 and tumor volume growth, aiding in individualized patient management.
A note on the failure of the Faber-Krahn inequality for the vector Laplacian
Authors: Krejčiřík David , Domenico Lamberti Pier , Zaccaron Michele 
Published: January 2025

We consider a natural eigenvalue problem for the vector Laplacian related to stationary Maxwell's equations in a cavity and we prove that an analog of the celebrated Faber-Krahn inequality doesn't hold, regardless of whether a volume or perimeter constraint is applied.
Revisiting two thousand hinge fractures in open wedge high tibial osteotomy with a fifty years review: the oscillating saw cannot replace the traditional “ear-hand” dialogue between osteotome and hammer to estimate the elastic modulus of bone
Authors: Bastard Claire , Haiat Guillaume , Hernigou Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Background: Hinge fracture on the lateral part of the tibia (LHF) is a common complication of medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy (OWHTO). Many factors have been described as risks for these fractures, but no study has compared an osteotome or an oscillating saw to prevent LHF following OWHTO. Methods: This “propensity-score-matched” (PSM) study was conducted from data obtained in the literature from 1974 to November 2024. A total of 10,368 knees with OWHTO were identified. After 1:1 matching based on correction amount, posterior slope change, surgeon’s experience, the osteotome and oscillating groups comprised 2760 knees each. Results: Among the 5520 knees of the PSM population, the prevalence of LHF was 6.1% in the osteotome alone group (168 cases), and 22% in the oscillating saw group (607 cases). The osteotome group had a significant lower prevalence of hinge fracture than the oscillating saw group (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.27; p < 0.0001) and a lower rate of clinically relevant hinge fractures with revision (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.45; p < 0.001. Discussion: The osteotome may be an appropriate method for preventing hinge fractures following OWHTO.
Forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen: Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
und Zuständigkeiten in Deutschland
Authors: Verhoff Marcel A. , Chabiera Peter-Jan , Verhoff Doreen , Ramsthaler Frank 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungWerden menschliche Knochen außerhalb eines Friedhofs
aufgefunden, besteht grundsätzlich der Anfangsverdacht einer illegalen
Leichenbeseitigung und daraus abgeleitet eines Tötungsdeliktes. Zur weiteren
Einschätzung ziehen die Ermittlungsbehörden Sachverständige heran.
Mittlerweile wird überwiegend die Rechtsmedizin mit
forensisch-osteologischen Untersuchungen betraut. Es sollte der Frage
nachgegangen werden, welche juristischen Rahmenbedingungen für
forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen in der Bundesgesetzgebung sowie in
den föderal unterschiedlich geregelten „Bestattungsgesetzen“ existieren.Auf die aktuellen Versionen der „Bestattungsgesetze“ und ggf.
zusätzlicher Verordnungen wurde über die offiziellen Portale der 16
Bundesländer zugegriffen, auf die Bundesgesetze über gesetze-im-internet.de
sowie www.buzer.de und www.juris.de.Bei der Bundesgesetzgebung sind § 87 StPO „Leichenschau,
Leichenöffnung, Ausgrabung der Leiche“ und RiStBV 4. Abschn. Nr. 33
„Leichenschau und Leichenöffnung“ relevant. In nur 3
Ländergesetzen (Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz) findet sich
kein Bezug zu knöchernen Überresten. Konkret auf skelettierte Leichen bzw.
Skelette gehen nur 7 Länder ein (Bremen, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Saarland,
Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen). Zu Körperteilen äußern sich
9 Länder.Forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen von menschlichen
Überresten sind i. d. R. als ärztliche Aufgabe zu sehen. Eine
interdisziplinäre Bearbeitung mit Anthropologie oder Archäologie ist
anzustreben.
Study on a compact pulse forming line-Marx type high voltage pulse generator
Authors: Li Song , Zeng Fanzheng , Zhang Quancai , Cai Hao , Sun Quan , Qian Baoliang 
Published: January 2025

High power pulse generators are moving in the direction of compact, solid-state, and stable working in a relatively long time. In this paper, a compact pulse forming line-Marx type high power pulse generator, based on a ceramic pulse forming line and a spark gap switch with carbide modified graphite electrodes, is studied numerically and experimentally. Specifically, a ceramic based pulse forming line with high relative permittivity was used to achieve long pulse duration in a limited dimension. A spark gap switch with carbide modified graphite electrodes was proposed to decrease the erosion of the electrodes, which can efficiently prolong the lifetime of the device. The generator was built. With a charging voltage of 34 kV approximately, pulses with peak current over 2.56 kA and a duration of about 86 ns were obtained on a matched dummy load of 50 Ω. The dimensions of the generator are 360 × 280 × 300 mm3. The device can continue working over 6000 pulses with a repetitive rate of 10 Hz, which meets potential applications, including plasma science research.
Range and accuracy of in-plane anisotropic thermal conductivity measurement using the laser-based Ångstrom method
Authors: Gaitonde Aalok U. , Weibel Justin A. , Marconnet Amy M. 
Published: January 2025

High heat fluxes in electronic devices must be effectively dissipated to prevent local hotspots, which are critical for long-term device reliability. In particular, advanced semiconductor packaging trends toward thin form factor products increase the need for understanding and improving in-plane conduction heat spreading in anisotropic materials. The 2D laser-based Ångstrom method, an extension of traditional Ångstrom and lock-in thermography techniques, measures in-plane thermal properties of anisotropic sheet-like materials. This method uses non-contact infrared temperature mapping to measure the thermal response to periodic laser heating at the center of a suspended sample. The spatiotemporal temperature data are analyzed via an inverse fitting algorithm to extract thermal conductivities in the in-plane orthotropic directions that best adhere to the governing heat conduction equation. Using this algorithm, we present an approach to simultaneously fit data across multiple heating frequencies, which improves measurement sensitivity because the thermal penetration depth varies with frequency. The accuracy of this technique is assessed by tuning experimental parameters such as sample dimensions and heating frequency. A standardized workflow is proposed for measuring unknown materials and for processing the data, including filtering out regions influenced by laser absorption and heat sink boundary effects. Numerical simulations validate the method across a wide range of thermal conductivities (0.1–1000 W m−1 K−1) and material thicknesses (0.1–10 mm), with accuracy demonstrated for anisotropy ratios up to 1000:1. Experimental measurements on isotropic and anisotropic materials agree well with the benchmark values. Ultimately, standardization of this technique supports the development of engineered anisotropic heat-spreading materials for thermal management and packaging applications.
Investigations of key issues on the reproducibility of high-T
c superconductivity emerging from compressed La3Ni2O7
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Guo Jing , Cai Shu , Sun Hualei , Li Chengyu , Zhao Jinyu , Wang Pengyu , Han Jinyu , Chen Xintian , Chen Yongjin , Wu Qi , Ding Yang , Xiang Tao , Mao Ho-kwang , Sun Liling 
Published: January 2025

Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K have recently been discovered in single crystals of La3Ni2O7 under pressure, which makes it a new candidate for high-temperature superconductors dominated by 3d transition elements, following the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors. However, there are several critical questions that have been perplexing the scientific community: (1) What factors contribute to the inconsistent reproducibility of the experimental results? (2) What is the fundamental nature of pressure-induced superconductivity: bulk or nonbulk (filamentary-like)? (3) Where is the superconducting phase located within the sample if it is filamentary-like? (4) Is the oxygen content important for the development and stabilization of superconductivity? In this study, we employ comprehensive high-pressure techniques to address these questions. Through our modulated ac susceptibility measurements, we are the first to find that the superconductivity in this nickelate is filamentary-like. Our scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations suggest that the filamentary-like superconductivity most likely emerges at the interface between La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 phases. By tuning the oxygen content of polycrystalline La3Ni2O7, we also find that it plays vital role in the development and stabilization of superconductivity in this material. The upper and lower bounds on the oxygen content are 7.35 and 6.89, respectively. Our results provide not only new insights into the puzzling issues regarding this material, but also significant information that will enable a better understanding of its superconductivity.