bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of Ia antigens. I. Characterization of the 31K polypeptide associated with I-A subregion Ia antigens.
Authors: Moosic J P , Nilson A , Hämmerling G J , McKean D J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Procedures are presented for the preparative isolation of murine Ia antigens directly from splenocyte detergent extracts with monoclonal immunoadsorbents. Utilizing these procedures, three Ia (I-A subregion) polypeptides (alpha, 31K, beta) were isolated and their m.w. and pI values characterized. Evidence is presented that indicates that: 1) the 31K polypeptide probably does not associate with the Ia alpha and beta chain complex during the Ia isolation procedure; 2) the 31K polypeptide is not tightly bound to the alpha/beta Ia complex and can be selectively removed by freezing and thawing and by washing the Ia-immunoadsorbent with buffers containing pyrrolidinone (a polar solvent); and (3) unlike the alpha and beta chains, the 31K polypeptide is not intrinsically radiolabeled with 3H fucose and 3H glucosamine, indicating that the 31K polypeptide either contains a carbohydrate structure that is different from that of the alpha and beta chains or it is not a glycopeptide. These data suggest that although Ia antigens are probably comprised of three polypeptides in the intact cell, only two (alpha and beta) are required to maintain alloantigenic determinants.
Self recognition by autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-primed cells.
Authors: Tomonari K , Wakisaka A , Aizawa M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human T cells were separated with neuraminidase-treated autologous erythrocytes into auto-rosette-forming cells (ARFC) and non-ARFC (N-ARFC). These 2 subsets were examined for reactivity to autologous non-T cells. When N-ARFC were stimulated by autologous non-T cells, blastogenesis was weak; ARFC, however, proliferated vigorously. ARFC were revealed to be the major subset that responded and proliferated in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). AMLR-primed cells were restimulated by autologous or allogeneic non-T cells to study self recognition in relation to HLA complex. Self recognition by AMLR-primed cells was closely related to HLA complex, and absolute identity of HLA complex was necessary to recognize allogeneic cells as self. In addition, in respect to the responder cell difference between AMLR and allogeneic MLR, the reactivity of 2 kinds of cells (i.e., AMLR-primed cells and alloreactive cells) strongly suggested that autoreactive T cells were distinguished from alloreactive T cells.
Characterization of a human B lymphocyte-specific antigen.
Authors: Stashenko P , Nadler L M , Hardy R , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A human B lymphocyte-specific antigen (B1) was identified and characterized by the use of a monoclonal antibody. By indirect immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity, and quantitative absorption, B1 was present on approximately 9% of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction and &gt;95% of B cells from blood and lymphoid organs in all individuals tested. Monocytes, resting and activated T cells, null cells, and tumors of T cell and myeloid origin were B1 negative. B1 was distinct from standard B cell phenotypic markers, including Ig and Ia antigen. Removal of the B1 positive population in peripheral blood eliminated all B cells capable or responding to pokeweed mitogen by maturation to Ig-producing cells.
Regulation of immune response in allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures. I. Influence of I-region on the generation of suppressor cells.
Authors: Kim Y T , Schwartz A , Moody C , Siskind G W , Weksler M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune responses of allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures (MLC) to the T-dependent antigen, SRBC, and to the T-independent antigen, DNP-PAA, were investigated. The immune response to DNP-PAA in MLC with certain strain combinations was always suppressed as compared with the expected PFC response calculated from the PFC responses of the individual strains. This suppression was eliminated by treating the spleen cells with RAMB antiserum plus complement before the incubation of the MLC with DNP-PAA. It can be concluded that the suppression in the PFC response to the T-independent antigen DNP-PAA in MLC is due to the generation of suppressor T-cells. The PFC response to the T-dependent antigen, SRBC, in MLC showed either suppression, no change, or rarely augmenation, suggesting that the allogeneic mixed spleen cell cultures can generate both suppressor and helper T cells and that the balance between helper and suppressor activity regulates the PFC response to a T-dependent antigen. Suppressor activity was also generated in a one-way MLC, but the degree of suppression depended upon which of the two strains was responding. Similar amounts of thymidine were incorporated in the one-way MLR irrespective of which strains was responding. Thus, the extent of proliferation in one-way MLR is not related to the degree of suppressor activity generated. The results further indicate that a difference between two strains in the I-C, S, and G regions of the major histocompatibility complex is required to generate suppressor activitiy that can depress the response to a T-independent antigen, MLC between strains differing in K, I-A, I-B, I-J, I-E, and D regions generate little or no suppressor activity in this system.
High molecular weight surface glycoproteins of murine lymphocytes.
Authors: Hoessli D C , Vassalli P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High m.w. glycoproteins in the range of 170 and 210K represent major cell surface components of murine lymphocytes. The expression of such glycoproteins has been characterized for thymocytes and peripheral T and B lymphocytes in BALB/c mice using surface and biosynthetic labeling, nonionic detergent extraction, and immunoprecipitation with antibodies directed against antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface of a murine T cell lymphoma. Immunoprecipitates were then resolved by 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two groups of antigenically distinct glycoproteins have been defined: 1) a 170K component present on thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes but undetectable on B lymphocytes; this glycoprotein has been termed T 170 to suggest its potential use for distinguishing T from B lymphocytes; 2) a higher m.w. glycoprotein bearing antigenic determinants common to T and B cells but expressed as one 180K glycoprotein on thymocytes, 2 glycoproteins of 180 and 190K on peripheral T lymphocytes, and as one 210K glycoprotein on B lymphocytes. The relationships of these glycoproteins with the other known lymphocyte surface markers of high m.w. is discussed.
The human PMN leukocyte chemotactic activity of complex hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs).
Authors: Goetzl E J , Pickett W C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in basophils, mastocytoma cells, and other leukocytes generates the unstable intermediate 5-hydroperoxy-eicostaetraenoic acid, which is converted in part to a series of complex hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) with additional polar substituents and 3 conjugated double bonds. One of the products, 5,12-di-HETE, is chemotactic for human neutrophils in vitro at a concentration as low as 3 ng/ml and evokes a maximal neutrophil chemotactic response at 30 ng/ml, as compared to 1000 ng/ml for 5-HETE and 10,000 to 20,000 ng/ml for 11-HETE and 12-HETE. In contrast, other products in the same series, such as the slow reacting substance 5-hydroxy-6-glutathionyl-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene C), and the platelet-derived 8,9,12-trihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid and 8,11,12-trihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid exhibited only marginal neutrophil chemotactic activity. Only 5,12-di-HETE released significant quantities of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from the neutrophils, but the maximal level of enzyme release was far less than that for the chemotactic fragment of C5 and the formyl-methionyl peptides.
Enhanced transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with strain 13 guinea pig lymph node cells: requirement for culture with specific antigen and allogeneic peritoneal exudate cells.
Authors: Driscoll B F , Kies M W , Alvord E C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previously, we reported that transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with sensitized peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in strain 13 guinea pigs is markedly enhanced if the cells are first cultured with specific antigen, myelin basic protein (BP). These cells also undergo considerable antigen-specific proliferation. In contrast, the data reported here show that lymph node cells (LNC) from sensitized animals display neither enhanced transfer nor antigen-specific proliferation after culture with BP. Enhanced transfer is obtained, however, if a second nonspecific signal is available. This second signal is provided by the presence of normal allogeneic strain 2 PEC in culture. After culture with BP and strain 2 PEC, 2.5 to 5 x 10(7) strain 13 LNC transfer disease reproducibly, in contrast with approximately 1 x 10(9) previously required for successful transfer. Addition of allogeneic or syngeneic PEC without antigen does not lead to enhanced transfer by LNC. Culture with normal syngeneic PEC plus BP oly infrequently enhances transfer by LNC. The intense mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) induced by addition of strain 2 PEC to strain 13 LNC precludes the use of 3H-TdR incorporation for detection of proliferation by EAE effector cells. However, inhibition of transfer with low doses of mitomycin C (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) pluse the fact that EAE effector cells are found almost exclusively in the light fraction of BSA gradients after (but not before) culture suggests that the latter are induced to proliferate in culture.
Inhibition of concanavalin A-induced human lymphocyte mitogenic factor (Interleukin-2) production by suppressor T lymphocytes.
Authors: Northoff H , Carter C , Oppenheim J J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Supernatants of fresh human MNL stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) generally contain little or no lymphocyte-derived mitogenic factor (LMF or Interleukin-2). However, preincubation of MNL in culture medium for 2 to 5 days before stimulation with Con A rendered them capable of producing increasing LMF. The production of LMF by reincubated MNL was inhibited by readdition of autologous fresh MNL or E-rosetting (T) lymphocytes. The producing cells were T lymphocytes; however, the production of LMF was monocyte dependent. LMF eluted from a Sephadex G150 column in 2 peaks at 12 to 27,000 and 50 to 70,000 daltons. Both species of LMF were mitogenic for mouse (C3H/HeJ) thymocytes and for human T and B cells. LMF production was not affected by x-irradiation (less than or equal to 2500 R) before preincubation; it was, however, abolished by the addition of 10(-7) M hydrocortisone during the preincubation period. LMF production by fresh MNL could be moderately enhanced by the addition of cimetidine, a drug that is known to interfere with histamine H2 receptors on suppressor T cells. Presumably, preincubation of MNL reduces the activity of Con A-induced suppressor cells. We conclude that human peripheral blood contains suppressor T cells that when activated by Con A regulate the production of LMF by other T cells in response to Con A.
Immune suppression in vivo with antigen-modified syngeneic cells. V. Interacting T cell subpopulations in the suppressor pathway.
Authors: Sherr D H , Benacerraf B , Dorf M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intravenous administration of syngeneic C57BL/6 cells coupled with the palmitoyl derivative of the protein antigen fowl gamma-globulin (p-FgG) results in a state of FgG carrier-specific nonresponsiveness, mediated in part by suppressor T cells. At least two populations of cells are involved in generating a suppressor pathway in this system, one induced in recipients of p-FgG coupled cells and the other contributed by normal recipients of cells from suppressed donors. Induction of T cells capable of transferring suppression to normal recipients is sensitive to 1) low doses of cyclophosphamide, 2) adult thymectomy, and 3) in vivo treatment with anti-I-J antisera. This T cell subset bears I-J determinants and is functionally sensitive to irradiation. The induction of the second population required for immune suppression is sensitive to 1) low doses of cyclophosphamide and 2) adult thymectomy. In addition, compatibility of genes at the Igh locus appears not to be essential for cellular interaction between these populations. The evidence that interacting T cell subpopulations are involved in a suppressor pathway induced with protein-modified syngeneic cells is discussed relative to other systems in which T-T cell interactions are postulated.
Effect of castration on male-determined acceleration of autoimmune disease in BXSB mice.
Authors: Eisenberg R A , Dixon F J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The autoimmune disease of BXSB mice is markedly accelerated by a Y chromosome-associated male-specific factor. In order to investigate the mechanism of this effect, we castrated male and female BXSB mice at 10 days of age and compared the course of development of their autoimmune syndrome with that of sham-operated, sex-matched, littermate controls. Orchiectomy did not delay the early onset of fatal immunopathology in males, and oophorectomy did not exacerbate the indolent progression of morbidity in females. We conclude, therefore, that the male-specific effect that accelerates BXSB autoimmune disease is not hormonally mediated.
Mechanism of neonatal idiotype suppression. I. State of the suppressed B cells.
Authors: Fung J , Köhler H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neonatal BALB/c mice, given small amounts of an anti-idiotype serum directed against the TEPC-15 idiotype, are chronically unresponsive to immunization with PC antigens. These mice recover from suppression slowly over a period of 10 mo, and their response is not of TEPC-15 idiotype. However, the PC-specific precursors, as analyzed by the splenic fragment culture technique, in 8-mo-old suppressed mice are normal with respect to their frequency and idiotype dominance. Furthermore, the PC-precursors in neonatally suppressed BALB/c are sensitive to tolerance induction, as are precursors from neonatal liver and spleen cells. When chronic suppressed mice are immunized with a novel TI-1 antigen, PC-LPS, shown to stimulate immature PC-specific precursors, their response to PC is 80% of TEPC-15 idiotype, whereas their response to a TI-2 PC antigen and to a TD PC antigen is not TEPC-15 dominant. These results indicate that the TEPC-15 positive B cells in neonatally idiotype suppressed mice are in a state of immaturity that resembles the developmental characteristics of normal neonatal BALB/c mice.
PGBX, a prostagandin derivative, mimics the action of the calcium ionophore A23187 on human neutrophils.
Authors: Serhan C N , Korchak H M , Weissmann G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interactions have been studied of a water-soluble, polymeric derivative of prostaglandin B1, PGBX, with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). PGBX, which is a potent ionophore of divalent cations, provoked superoxide anion (O2.-) generation and lysosomal enzyme release in cytochalasin B-treated PMN in the presence of extracellular divalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+). Kinetic and dose-response studies showed that PGBX mimicked te action of ionophore A23187 in PMN. Both ionophores induced superoxide generation and release of enzymes from specific and azurophil granules (lysozyme &gt; beta-glucuronidase) without provoking release of the cytoplasmic marker enzyme lactic dehydrogenase. In contrast, the precursor of PGBX, prostaglandin B1 (PGB1), and arachidonate did not mimic ionophore-induced stimulation of PMN. PGBX induced enzyme release both in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and Ba2+ (both of which it translocates in model liposomes), whereas A23187 showed specificity for Ca2+ (which it translocates preferentially over Ba2+). These studies indicate that the actions of a water-soluble polymer (PGBX) derived from a naturally occurring prostaglandin (PGB1) on human neutrophils resemble those of a classical ionophore (A23187). Moreover, they provide additional evidence that increments in the intracellular levels of divalent cations may signal stimulus-secretion coupling in human neutrophils.
Human lymphocyte-activating properties of a purified polysaccharide from Candida albicans: B and T cell cooperation in the mitogenic response.
Authors: Piccolella E , Lombardi G , Morelli R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified human T and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to show a mitogenic response to a purified polysaccharide (MPPS) extracted from C. albicans. It was found that neither T nor B cells alone could respond to MPPS. When a mixture of these two types of cells was tested, a normal response (comparable to the one of unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes) was observed. This response was not affected by prior depletion of macrophages. Results obtained with normal B or T cells mixed with mitomycin C-treated T or B cells indicated that a reciprocal helper effect exists between these two types of cells in their response to MPPS. This response could be inhibited by antisera against HL-A and Ia-like antigens.
Features of cells controlling H-2-restricted presentation of antigen to T helper cells in vivo.
Authors: Sprent J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Information was sought on the nature of cells presenting antigen (sheep red blood cells) in an H-2-restricted fashion to T helper cells in vivo. The approach used was to examine the capacity of F1 hybrid T cells to collaborate with parental strain B cells after prior positive selection of the T cells to antigen in irradiated parental strain mice in the presence of various sources of Thy 1-negative cells taken from F1 or parental strain mice. The results showed that H-2-restricted presentation of antigen to T cells is controlled by radioresistant, nylon-wool adherent. Thy 1-negative cells, which are enriched in spleen and peritoneal exudates, rare in lymph node cell suspensions, and undetectable in thoracic duct lymph; pretreatment in vitro with anti-Ia reagents directed either to I-A or I-E subregion determinants abolished antigen-presenting activity. These findings correlate closely with the known characteristics of cells that present antigen in vitro. Studies in which re-irradiated parent leads to F1 chimeras were used as hosts for positive selection suggested that nonhematopoietic cells do not play a discernible role in antigen presentation.
Identification of target antigen for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity on cells carrying Epstein-Barr virus genome.
Authors: Takaki K , Harada M , Sairenji T , Hinuma Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The target antigen for antibody-dependent-cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) on Epstein-Barr virus-(EBV) carrying lymphoblastoid cells expressing EBV-specific membrane antigen (MA) were examined with human serum antibody and adult human peripheral lymphocytes as effector cells. These studies confirmed that anti-MA-positive but not MA-negative sera were reactive in the ADCC. The ADCC reaction was positive with cells in which the MA consisted of late (LMA) and early (EMA) components. These included 1) MA-positive cells prepared by EBV antigen-adsorption, 2) cells carrying de novo-synthesized MA without adsorbed MA, and 3) EBV-producer cells expressing MA spontaneously. In all these preparations, the target cells were lysed roughly in parallel with the frequency of MA-positive cells. Inhibition of LMA synthesis in EBV-superinfected cells by phosphonoacetate (PA) reduced ADCC sensitivity significantly and to a far greater extent than MA synthesis as measured by immunofluorescence. This suggests that a target for ADCC is the PA-sensitive LMA. No ADCC reaction occurred with the cell preparation comprised of a high percentage of MA-positive cells induced by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, which is believed to be EMA only. These results strongly suggest that the target antigen for ADCC in EBV-positive cells is a late MA but not early MA.
Fc receptors on human T lymphocytes. V: Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on Fc receptor expression.
Authors: Reaman G H , Poplack D G , Broder S , Pichler W J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have documented that the interaction of IgG immune complexes with the FcIgG receptor (Fc-IgGR) of human T lymphocytes induces alterations both in the expression of Fc receptors and in the functional capacities of these cells. After IgG immune complex exposure, Fc-IgGR-bearing T lymphocytes lose their Fc-IgGR and generate Fc-IgMR in subsequent culture. This transition phenomenon is mediated via patching and capping of the Fc-IgGR. Since Colchicine and Cytochalasin B have been demonstrated to interfere with capping of other membrane elements by their known effects on cytoskeletal structures, we investigated the effects of these agents on the expression of Fc receptors of human T cells. Neither Colchicine nor Cytochalasin B directly affects Fc-IgGR or Fc-IgMR expression. However, both agents inhibit the loss of Fc-IgGR subsequent to IgG immune complex exposure as well as the development of Fc-IgMR in culture. Immunofluorescent studies illustrate that this inhibition is mediated in part by interference with capping of the Fc-IgGR-immune complex ligand. This study emphasizes the inverse relationship between Fc-IgGR and Fc-IgMR expression on human T lymphocytes.
Development of functional complement receptors during in vitro maturation of human monocytes into macrophages.
Authors: Newman S L , Musson R A , Henson P M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of Fc and C3 receptor function was evaluated during differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into macrophages in an in vitro culture system. At the time of isolation, monocytes formed rosettes with C3-coated erythrocytes (EIgMC) but did nt internalize them, whereas IgG-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) were both bound and ingested. During the first 24 hr in culture, IgG-mediated phagocytosis and C3-mediated rosette formation declined. After 7 days of in vitro differentiation, monocyte-derived macrophages were capable of ingesting 2 to 4 times as many EIgG as uncultured monocytes. In addition, macrophages demonstrated a new function--the ability to ingest C3-coated erythrocytes, as well as to efficiently bind them. The time course of the reappearance of receptor functions varied between different individuals, but by day 7, the activity of Fc and C3 receptors was vigorous for all individuals tested. Monocytes underwent differentiation whether they were cultured on glass coverslips or on a plastic surface. However, macrophages demonstrated C3-mediated ingestion earlier when cultured on plastic. Culturing monocytes on the different surfaces did not affect the time course of the reappearance of Fc receptor function, but did have a small effect on the magnitude of the response. These experiments demonstrate for the first time, that a defined population of human phagocytic cells can acquire the ability to mediate ingestion through their C3 receptors.