bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Fresh Gas Flow and Duration of Anesthetic on the Maximum Potential Benefit of Anesthetic Gas Capture in Operating Rooms and in Postanesthesia Care Units to Capture Waste Anesthetic Gas
Authors: Dexter Franklin , Epstein Richard H. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Sevoflurane and desflurane are halogenated hydrocarbons with global warming potential. We examined the maximum potential benefit assuming 100% efficiency of waste gas capture technology used in operating rooms and recovery locations.

METHODS:
We performed computer simulations of adult patients using the default settings of the Gas Man software program, including the desflurane vaporizer setting of 9% and the sevoflurane vaporizer setting of 3.7%. We performed 21 simulations with desflurane and 21 simulations with sevoflurane, the count of 21 = 1 simulation with 0-hour maintenance + (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 hours of maintenance) × (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 L per minute fresh gas flow during maintenance).

RESULTS:
(1) A completely efficient gas capture system could recover a substantive amount of agent even when the case is managed with low flows. All simulations had at least 22 mL agent recovered per case, considerably greater than the 12 mL that we considered the minimum volume of economic and environmental importance. (2) All 42 simulations had at least 73% recovery of the total agent administered, considerably greater than the median 52% recovery measured during an experimental study with one gas capture technology and desflurane. (3) The maximum percentage desflurane (or sevoflurane) that could be captured decreased substantively with progressively longer duration anesthetics for low-flow anesthetics but not for higher-flow anesthetics. However, for all 8 combinations of drug and liters per minute simulated, there was a substantively greater recovery in milliliters of agent for longer duration anesthetics. In other words, if gas capture could be near perfectly efficient, it would have greater utility per case for longer duration anesthetics. (4) Even using a 100% efficient gas capture process, at most 6 mL liquid desflurane or 3 mL sevoflurane per case would be exhaled during the patient’s stay in the postanesthesia care unit. Therefore, the volume of agent exhaled during the first 1 hour postoperatively is not a substantial amount from an environmental and economic perspective to warrant consideration of agent capture by having all these patients in the postanesthesia care unit, or equivalent locations, using the specialized anesthetic gas scavenging masks with access to the hospital scavenging system at each bed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Simulations with Gas Man show a strong rationale based on agent uptake and distribution for using volatile anesthetic agent capture in operating rooms if the technology can be highly efficient at volatile agent recovery.
Postanesthesia Care Unit Recovery Time According to Volatile Anesthetic Used in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sprung Juraj , Deljou Atousa , Warner David O. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Weingarten Toby N. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Whether volatile anesthetic solubility affects postanesthesia recovery time in clinical practice is unclear. We investigated the association among 3 volatile agents and 2 clinically relevant outcomes—postanesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery time (time from PACU admission to fulfillment of discharge criteria) and oversedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score ≤−3)—as a potential contributor to delaying PACU discharge. The volatile agents studied were isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane. We hypothesized that increased solubility of the volatile agent (isoflurane versus desflurane or sevoflurane) would be associated with longer PACU recovery time and higher rates of oversedation.

METHODS:
This retrospective observational study included adults (≥18 years) who underwent surgical procedures under general anesthesia with a volatile agent and were admitted to the PACU from May 5, 2018, to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was PACU recovery time, and the secondary outcome was oversedation. PACU recovery time was log-transformed and analyzed with linear regression. Oversedation was analyzed by using logistic regression. To account for potential confounding, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used. Pairwise comparisons of the 3 agents were performed, with P < .017 (Bonferroni-adjusted) considered significant.

RESULTS:
Of 47,847 patients included, 11,817 (24.7%) received isoflurane, 11,286 (23.6%) received desflurane, and 24,744 (51.7%) received sevoflurane. Sevoflurane had an estimated 4% shorter PACU recovery time (IPTW-adjusted median [interquartile range {IQR}], 61 [42–89] minutes) than isoflurane (64 [44–92] minutes) (ratio of geometric means [98.3% confidence interval {CI}], 0.96 [0.95–0.98]; P < .001). Differences in PACU recovery time between desflurane and the other agents were not significant. The IPTW-adjusted frequency of oversedation was 8.8% for desflurane, 12.2% for sevoflurane, and 16.7% for isoflurane; all pairwise comparisons were observed to be significant (odds ratio [98.3% CI], 0.70 [0.62–0.79] for desflurane versus sevoflurane, 0.48 [0.42–0.55] for desflurane vs isoflurane, and 0.69 [0.63–0.76] for sevoflurane versus isoflurane; all P < .001). Although oversedated patients had longer PACU recovery time, differences in the oversedation rate across agents did not result in meaningful differences in time to PACU recovery.

CONCLUSIONS:
In clinical practice, only small, clinically unimportant differences in PACU recovery time were observed between the volatile anesthetics. Although oversedation was associated with increased PACU recovery time, differences in the rate of oversedation among agents were insufficient to produce meaningful differences in overall PACU recovery time across the 3 volatile agents. Practical attempts to decrease PACU recovery time should address factors other than volatile agent selection.
The Drosophila homolog of APP promotes Dscam expression to drive axon terminal growth, revealing interaction between Down syndrome genes
Authors: Pizzano Sarah , Sterne Gabriella R. , Veling Macy W. , Xu L. Amanda , Hergenreder Ty , Ye Bing 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Although several HSA21 genes have been found to be responsible for aspects of DS, whether and how HSA21 genes interact with each other is poorly understood. DS patients and animal models present with a number of neurological changes, including aberrant connectivity and neuronal morphology. Previous studies have indicated that amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) regulate neuronal morphology and contribute to neuronal aberrations in DS. Here, we report the functional interaction between the Drosophila homologs of these two genes, Amyloid precursor protein-like (Appl) and Dscam (Dscam1). We show that Appl requires Dscam to promote axon terminal growth in sensory neurons. Moreover, Appl increases Dscam protein expression post-transcriptionally. We further demonstrate that regulation of Dscam by Appl does not require the Appl intracellular domain or second extracellular domain. This study presents an example of functional interactions between HSA21 genes, providing insights into the pathogenesis of neuronal aberrations in DS.
Short tandem repeat profiling via next-generation sequencing for cell line authentication
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsien , Connelly Jon P. , Florian Colin , Cui Xiaoxia , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Cell lines are indispensable models for modern biomedical research. A large part of their usefulness derives from the ability of a cell line to proliferate over multiple passages (often indefinitely), allowing multiple experiments to be performed. However, over time, cell line identity and purity can be compromised by human errors. Cross-contamination from other cell lines and complete misidentification are both possible. Routine cell line authentication is a necessary preventive measure and has become a requirement for many funding applications and publications. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the most common method for cell line authentication and is usually carried out using standard polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis analysis (STR-CE). Here, we evaluated next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based STR profiling of human and mouse cell lines at 18 and 15 loci, respectively, in a high-throughput format. Using the Python program STRight, we demonstrate that NGS-based analysis (STR-NGS) is superior to standard STR-CE in terms of the ability to report the sequence context of repeat motifs, sensitivity and flexible multiplexing capability. STR-NGS is thus a valuable alternative for cell line authentication.
Cdc42 couples septin recruitment to the axial landmark assembly via Axl2 in budding yeast
Authors: Kang Pil Jung , Mullner Rachel , Lian Kendra , Park Hay-Oak 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Cell polarization generally occurs along a single axis that is directed by a spatial cue. Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo polarized growth and oriented cell division in a spatial pattern by selecting a specific bud site. Haploid a or α cells bud in the axial pattern in response to a transient landmark that includes Bud3, Bud4, Axl1 and Axl2. Septins, a family of filament-forming GTP-binding proteins, are also involved in axial budding and are recruited to an incipient bud site, but the mechanism of recruitment remains unclear. Here, we show that Axl2 interacts with Bud3 and the Cdc42 GTPase in its GTP-bound state. Axl2 also interacts with Cdc10, a septin subunit, promoting efficient recruitment of septins near the cell division site. Furthermore, a cdc42 mutant defective in the axial budding pattern at a semi-permissive temperature had a reduced interaction with Axl2 and compromised septin recruitment in the G1 phase. We thus propose that active Cdc42 brings Axl2 to the Bud3–Bud4 complex and that Axl2 then interacts with Cdc10, linking septin recruitment to the axial landmark.
Protein Requirements Are Increased in Endurance-Trained Athletes but Similar between Females and Males during Postexercise Recovery
Authors: WILLIAMSON ERIC , FUNG HUGO J. W. , ADAMS CAROLYN , WEST DANIEL W. D. , MOORE DANIEL R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Dietary protein supports the remodeling and recovery of lean tissue with consensus recommendations (1.2–2.0 g·kg−1·d −1), indicating that higher protein intakes are needed in trained athletes. Currently, protein intake recommendations are primarily based on research on males and typically confined to laboratory settings.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the daily protein requirements of female and male endurance athletes in a home-based setting using noninvasive stable isotope methodology (i.e., indicator amino acid oxidation).

Methods
Eight males (30 ± 3 yr; 78.6 ± 10.5 kg; 75.6 ± 7.5 mL·kgFFM
−1·min−1; mean ± SD) and seven females (30 ± 4 yr; 57.7 ± 5.0 kg; 77.5 ± 7.1 mL·kgFFM
−1·min−1) during the midluteal phase were studied. After 2 d of controlled diet (1.4 gprotein·kg−1·d−1) and training (10 and 5 km run·d−1, respectively), participants completed a 20-km run before an at-home indicator amino acid oxidation trial testing a suboptimal, a moderate, and an excess (i.e., 0.2, 1.2, and 2.0 g·kg−1·d−1, respectively) protein intake. Protein was consumed as a crystalline amino acid mixture containing [1-13C]phenylalanine to examine whole-body phenylalanine flux and phenylalanine oxidation (PheOx; the reciprocal of whole-body protein synthesis) through breath and urine sample collection. A modified biphasic linear regression determined the breakpoint in PheOx for each participant to generate an estimated average intake that would maximize whole-body protein synthesis for each sex.

Results
PheOx was different (P < 0.01) between all protein intakes with no effect of sex (P = 0.63). Using a modified three-point curve resulted in a breakpoint that was not different (P = 0.94) between males and females (1.60 and 1.61 g·kg−1·d−1, respectively). The recommended intake (i.e., upper 95% confidence interval) was estimated to be 1.81 and 1.89 g·kg−1·d−1 for males and females, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that endurance athletes consuming a daily protein intake toward the upper end of current consensus recommendations (~1.85 g·kg−1·d−1) will maximize whole-body protein synthesis during postexercise recovery regardless of sex.
La Théorie Interprétative de la Traduction – son influence dans le monde
Authors: Lederer Marianne 
Published: September 2023

INTERPRETIVE THEORY OF TRANSLATION – ITS INFLUENCE IN THE WORLD
The history of the Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT), which began in 1968, is closely linked to Danica Seleskovitch. Under her guidance, ITT developed in two directions: research and teaching. The researchers’ interest focused on the process, studied first on conference interpretation and later on translation. Their research, later validated by psycholinguistics and cognitive science, subdivided the translation process into three stages: comprehension – deverbalization – reexpression, with deverbalization representing a departure from the linguistic theories of the time. Deverbalization is, however, an essential cognitive mechanism of any intralingual communication. The doctorate in translation studies (1974) broadened and enriche research on numerous language pairs and various text genres. The pedagogy applied at the École Supérieure d’Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT) based on the principles of ITT was recognized by the European Commission and used as the basis for the European Masters in Conference Interpreting. ESIT’s many foreign students and doctors spread the theory worldwide for teaching and research. ITT’s major works have been translated into several languages.
Genome-informed investigation of the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Authors: Lee Kyuyoung , Seok Jong Hyeon , Kim Hyunbeen , Park Sejik , Lee Sohyun , Bae Joon-Yong , Jeon Kyeongseok , Kang Jun-Gu , Yoo Jeong Rae , Heo Sang Taek , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Lee Keun Hwa , Kim Kisoon , Park Man-Seong , Kim Jin Il 
Published: September 2023

Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a viral pathogen causing significant clinical signs from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to severe hemorrhages. World Health Organization has paid special attention to the dramatic increase in human SFTS cases in China, Japan, and South Korea since the 2010s. The present study investigated the molecular evolution and genetic reassortment of SFTSVs using complete genomic sequences.

Methods/Principal finding
We collected the complete genome sequences of SFTSVs globally isolated until 2019 (L segment, n = 307; M segment, n = 326; and S segment, n = 564) and evaluated the evolutionary profiles of SFTSVs based on phylogenetic and molecular selection pressure analyses. By employing a time-scaled Bayesian inference method, we found the geographical heterogeneity of dominant SFTSV genotypes in China, Japan, and South Korea around several centuries before and locally spread by tick-born spillover with infrequent long-distance transmission. Purifying selection predominated the molecular evolution of SFTSVs with limited gene reassortment and fixed substitution, but almost all three gene segments appeared to harbor at least one amino acid residue under positive selection. Specifically, the nonstructural protein and glycoprotein (Gn/Gc) genes were preferential selective targets, and the Gn region retained the highest number of positively selected residues.

Conclusion/Significance
Here, the large-scale genomic analyses of SFTSVs improved prior knowledge of how this virus emerged and evolved in China, Japan, and South Korea. Our results highlight the importance of SFTSV surveillance in both human and non-human reservoirs at the molecular level to fight against fatal human infection with the virus.
Why do you choose this program?—A decision-making model of medical students based on grounded theory
Authors: Wang Yan , He Shutong , Chen Yanmin 
Published: September 2023

Background
This study aims to investigate the reasons behind the decline in the number of applicants and dropouts from N University’s reformed program, which includes increased research experience, an optimized curriculum, and other benefits. The ultimate goal is to identify areas for improvement and make the program more appealing to potential students.

Methods
This study utilized the Grounded Theory approach, conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews and applying data collection, coding, and the constant comparative method. As a result, a decision-making model for college students was constructed.

Results
Following the initial stages of individual expectation formation, which include inducement and self-efficacy, and the subsequent stage of value assessment, individuals reach a decision. Throughout this process, the individual’s circumstances and surroundings continue to influence their decision-making. Additionally, the decision-making procedure follows a Hierarchy Pyramid of Educational Needs. Our findings show that job prospects and continuing education are the primary factors influencing interviewees’ decisions. However, it is important to note that individuals may place varying levels of importance on these factors. Additionally, the preferences and priorities of teachers, such as their commitment to research guidance, curriculum development, and maintaining fairness in examinations, can also play a role in shaping these decisions.

Conclusion
To attract more talented individuals to research-oriented programs, universities should provide more job and higher education opportunities, reform the curriculum thoroughly, and enhance teachers’ teaching devotion.
Accuracy in Polyp Size Measurement Among Surgeons, Gastroenterologists, Trainees, and Experts: A Prospective Video-Based Study
Authors: Djinbachian Roupen , Popescu Crainic Ioana , Pioche Mathieu , Saito Yutaka , Sethi Amrita , Chiu Philip , Marks Jeffrey , Sebajang Herawaty , Pawlak Katarzyna , Chennouf Anas , Benard Florence , Ide Yutaro , Dang Frances , von Renteln Daniel 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Polyp size determination plays an important role in endoscopic decision making and follow-up determination. However, there is a lack of knowledge of endoscopist accuracy for polyp sizing and efficacy of available tools for size measurement. Our aim was to compare the accuracy of visual assessment, snare, forceps, and virtual scale endoscope (VSE) in estimating polyp size among a diverse group of endoscopists.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective video-based study. One hundred twenty polyps measured and recorded along with all available measurement tools were randomized to visual assessment, snare, forceps, or VSE group. Eleven endoscopists conducted video-based measurement using the randomized measurement tool. Primary outcome was relative accuracy in polyp size measurement compared with caliper measurement immediately postresection.

RESULTS:
One thousand three hundred twenty measurements were performed. VSE had statistically significantly higher relative accuracy when compared to forceps (79.3 vs 71.3%; P < 0.0001). Forceps had statistically significantly higher relative accuracy when compared to visual assessment (71.3 vs 63.6%; P = 0.0036). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing visual assessment and snare-based measurements (63.6 vs 62.8%; P = 0.797). Overall, 21.5% of polyps >5 mm were misclassified as ≤5 mm and 17.3% of polyps ≥10 mm were misclassified as <10 mm. VSE had the lowest percentage of polyps >5 mm misclassified as ≤5 mm (2.6%), polyps ≤5 mm misclassified as >5 mm (5.1%), and polyps <10 mm misclassified as ≥10 mm (1.7%).

DISCUSSION:
Visual size estimation of polyps is inaccurate independently of training level, sex, and specialty. Size measurement accuracy can be improved using forceps and yields the highest relative accuracy when an adaptive scale technology is used.
Baseline Clinical Factors Are Associated With Risk of Complications in Crohn's Disease: Appraisal of the American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Care Pathway
Authors: Santiago Priscila , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara , Lennon Ryan , Rui Shumin , Rajauria Palak , Friton Jessica , Raffals Laura E. , Deepali Fnu , Daoud Nader , Farraye Francis A. , Tuck Jaclyn , Malik Talha , Leleiko Neal S. , Shapiro Jason , Shah Samir A. , Sands Bruce E. , Ungaro Ryan C. 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has compiled risk factors that may be predictive of disease complications in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the AGA risk factors for risk stratification in UC and CD.

METHODS:
We included participants of 2 cohorts: the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry cohort and the Mayo Clinic cohort. Baseline clinical risk factors were extracted according to the AGA pathway. Our primary end point was defined as follows: (i) any inflammatory bowel disease related–hospitalization, (ii) any inflammatory bowel disease–related bowel surgery, or (iii) any progression of disease. We analyzed the association of the number of AGA risk factors with our end point. Statistical multivariable modeling was performed with Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS:
A total of 412 patients with CD were included. Comparing ≥3 risk factors with 0–1 risk factor, we found a significantly increased risk of complications in both the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 2.75, 95% confidence interval 1.71–4.41) and Mayo Clinic cohort (HR 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.84). Diagnosis at younger age (HR 2.07), perianal disease (HR 1.99), and B2/B3 behavior (HR 1.92) were significantly associated with disease complications. We did not observe a consistent association between number of risk factors nor any specific individual risk factors and risk of disease complications in the 265 patients with UC included.

DISCUSSION:
We found a significant association between the number of AGA risk factors and the risk of disease complication in CD; this association was not significant in UC. The presence of ≥ 3 risk factors in CD leads to the highest risk of complications. The AGA care pathway is a useful tool to stratify patients who are at higher risk of disease complications in patients with CD.