bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of PrEP use among men who have sex with men: a pooled analysis of two prospective, observational cohort studies
Authors: Jongen Vita W. , Reyniers Thijs , Schim van der Loeff Maarten , Smekens Tom , Hoornenborg Elske , van den Elshout Mark , Zimmermann Hanne , Coyer Liza , Kenyon Chris , De Baetselier Irith , Davidovich Udi , de Vries Henry J. C. , Prins Maria , Laga Marie , Vuylsteke Bea , Boyd Anders 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionDaily and event‐driven oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduce the risk of HIV acquisition. PrEP use can vary over time, yet little is known about the trajectories of PrEP use irrespective of the chosen PrEP regimens among men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsUsing data from a mobile, web‐based diary application collected daily from 17 August 2015 until 6 May 2018, we analysed PrEP use and sexual behaviour in two large cohorts, AMPrEP (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and Be‐PrEP‐ared (Antwerp, Belgium). In both cohorts, participants could choose between daily and event‐driven oral PrEP every 3 months. We used group‐based trajectory modelling to identify trajectories of PrEP use over time and their determinants. In addition, we estimated the incidence rate of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis within these trajectories.ResultsWe included 516 MSM (n = 322 AMPrEP; n = 194 Be‐PrEP‐ared), of whom 24% chose event‐driven PrEP at PrEP initiation. Participants contributed 225,015 days of follow‐up (median = 508 days [IQR = 429−511]). Four distinct PrEP use trajectories were identified: ≤2 tablets per week (“low frequency,” 12% of the total population), 4 tablets per week (“variable,” 17%), “almost daily” (31%) and “always daily” (41%). Compared to participants with “low frequency” PrEP use, participants with “variable” (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04−4.60) and “almost daily” PrEP use were more often AMPrEP participants (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.27−5.49). “Almost daily” PrEP users were more often employed (OR = 6.76, 95% CI = 2.10−21.75) and were younger compared to participants with “low frequency” PrEP use. In addition, the number of days on which anal sex occurred was lower among participants with “low frequency” PrEP use compared to the other groups (all p<0.001). Compared to “low frequency” PrEP users, the incidence rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea were higher for participants with “almost daily” and “always daily” PrEP use.ConclusionsWe uncovered four distinct PrEP use trajectories, pointing to different patterns of PrEP use in practice beyond the two‐regimen dichotomy. These trajectories were related to sexual behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted infection. Tailoring PrEP care according to different PrEP use patterns could be an important strategy to improve efficient PrEP delivery.
Can inspiratory muscle training benefit patients with COVID‐19? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yusha , Liu Xuefeng , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe possible benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on mechanical and clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) remain controversial. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of IMT in the rehabilitation strategy of patients with COVID‐19. The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched to identify trials evaluating the efficacy of IMT in the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. The primary outcome included change from baseline of VO2max, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), 6‐min walk test(6MWT), forced expiratory volume in the first second predicted (FEV1%pred), and quality of life (QOL). Six studies with 349 participants were analyzed. Significant improvements were found in change from baseline of VO2max (MD: 4.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79–7.30, Z = 3. 32, I2 = 0, p = 0.001), PImax (MD: 21.43, 95% CI: 1.33–41.52, Z = 2.09, I2 = 90%, p = 0.04), 6MWD (MD: 40.13, 95% CI: 24.92–55.35, Z = 5.17, I2 = 0, p < 0.00001) and FEV1%pred (MD: 8.73, 95% CI 3.07–14.39, Z = 3.02, p = 0.002) while no statistical improvements were found in QOL (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.37–1.03, Z = 4.15, I2 = 89% p = 0.32) between IMT group and control group. The application of IMT might elicit mechanical and clinical improvement in patients with COVID‐19. IMT could be recommended as an effective strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID‐19. However, the proper timing, optimal duration, as well as appropriate frequency and intensity of IMT remain uncertain and further studies are needed.
Acyclovir‐resistant HSV‐1 isolates among immunocompromised patients in southern Taiwan: Low prevalence and novel mutations
Authors: Kuo Jhao‐You , Yeh Chun‐Sheng , Wang Shih‐Min , Chen Shun‐Hua , Wang Jen‐Ren , Chen Tsai‐Yun , Tsai Huey‐Pin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) can establish latency in humans and easily relapse in immunocompromised patients, with significant mortality. Treatment with acyclovir (ACV) can result in the emergence of HSV resistance. A total of 440 frozen HSV‐1 isolates collected from 318 patients from January 2014 to July 2019 were obtained from National Cheng Kung University Hospital in southern Taiwan. These 440 isolates were subjected to phenotypic studies for ACV‐resistance by initial screening with the plaque reduction assay (PRA) and further validation by the DNA reduction assay (DRA). The ACV‐resistant strains were further investigated by Sanger sequencing for the full‐length UL23 and UL30 genes, which encode thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase, respectively. Hematological malignancies or hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation patients accounted for 56.9% (124/218) among the immunocompromised patients (218/318) in this study. Repeated sampling for HSV testing was 50% (109/218) in immunocompromised patients. Only 1.38% (3/218) of immunocompromised patients and 0.9% (3/318) of all patients developed ACV‐resistant HSV‐1 as measured by phenotypic screening assays. It is noteworthy that a novel Y248D mutation in the UL23 gene from an immunocompromised patient was found by both PRA and DRA. In 3D protein predicting analysis, uncharged Y248 was located at an alpha‐helix and substituted by negative‐charged D248, which may alter the function of viral thymidine kinase. Besides, three unreported mutations related to natural polymorphism were found in virus isolates from two immunocompetent patients, including 683−688 deletion, R227H, and A351D in the UL30 gene. These data show that the prevalence of ACV‐resistant HSV‐1 among immunocompromised patients in southern Taiwan is low. These results will be helpful for the clinical management and treatment of HSV infections.
Emergence of equine‐like G3 and porcine‐like G9 rotavirus strains in Sarawak, Malaysia: 2019−2021
Authors: Tahar Ahmad Syatir , Ong Eng Joe , Rahardja Andy , Mamora Dewi , Lim Khwang Thong , Ahmed Kamruddin , Kulai Dorothy , Tan Cheng Siang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRotavirus is the leading causative viral agent of pediatric acute gastroenteritis globally, infecting mostly children 5 years old and below. Data on rotavirus prevalence in Malaysia is scarce, despite the WHO's recommendation for continuous rotavirus surveillance, and has underestimated the need for national rotavirus vaccination. Characteristics of the current rotavirus strains in Malaysia have to be determined to understand the rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine compatibility. This study sought to determine the genetic relatedness of Sarawak rotavirus strains with global strains and to determine the antigenic coverage and epitope compatibility of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines with the Sarawak rotavirus strains via in silico analysis. A total of 89 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients (<5 years old) with acute gastroenteritis at private hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak. Rotavirus was detected using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Positive amplicons were analyzed using nucleotide sequencing before phylogenetic analyses and assessment of epitope compatibility. Genotyping revealed G1P[8] (1/13; 7.7%), G3P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and G9P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[X] (1/13; 7.7%), GXP[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and GXP[8] (3/13; 23%) in samples. All wild‐type Sarawak rotavirus strains, with the exception of G1, showed variations in their phylogenetic and antigenic epitope characteristics.
Sex differences in the association between dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐measured body composition and periodontitis
Authors: Zhu Peijun , Li An , Cai Qingqing , Chen Yuntao , Liu Yang , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , E. Tjakkes Geerten‐Has , Xu Shulan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundA positive association between obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis has been reported. Fat tissue‐related systemic inflammation acts as the link to periodontal comorbidities of obesity. However, the BMI is unable to distinguish fat and fat‐free tissues. More precise measures are required to evaluate body composition, including fat and fat‐free tissues. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in the association between dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐measured body composition (i.e., fat mass and muscle mass) and phenotypes with periodontitis.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 3892 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study 2011‒2014 were analyzed. Adiposity indices (fat mass index [FMI] and percentage body fat [%BF]) and muscle mass index (MMI) were calculated. The participants were categorized by the quintiles of FMI, MMI, and %BF. Body composition phenotypes were categorized as: low adiposity‐low muscle (LA‐LM), low adiposity‐high muscle (LA‐HM), high adiposity‐low muscle (HA‐LM), or high adiposity‐high muscle (HA‐HM), respectively. Periodontitis was defined by the CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology) criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, stratified by sex. We further adjusted for white blood cell (WBC) counts in the sensitivity analysis.ResultsRestricted cubic splines revealed non‐linear associations between body composition indices and periodontitis risk. Women with a higher FMI (odds ratio for Q5 vs. Q1 [ORQ5vs1] = 1.787, 95% confidence interval: 1.209–2.640) or %BF (ORQ5vs1 = 2.221, 1.509–3.268) had increased odds of periodontitis. In addition, women with HA‐LM phenotype were more likely to develop periodontitis (OR = 1.528, 1.037–2.252). Interestingly, the WBC count, a systemic inflammatory biomarker, attenuated these associations. No statistically significant associations were found in men.ConclusionsThe association between DXA‐measured body composition and phenotypes with periodontitis differs per sex. Only in women higher adiposity indices and HA‐LM phenotype were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis.
Pericranial Flap‐Based Multilayer Reconstruction of Endoscopic Transcribriform Craniectomy for Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Calvaruso Federico , Lo Manto Alfredo , Bisi Nicola , Cantaffa Carla , Basso Margherita , Ferrulli Giuseppe , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Marchioni Daniele 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveDiffusion of endoscopic techniques for the resection of ethmoid bone malignancies through a transcribriform approach (TA) has raised new challenges regarding reconstruction options to reduce post‐operative complications. Although there is consensus on the advantages of vascularized flaps over free grafts for large defects, no standard protocol exists on reconstruction procedures. In addition, although the pedicled nasoseptal flap has been extensively discussed, few studies have been published on extranasal pedicled flaps. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a detailed description of a reconstruction technique for large anterior skull base defects with the pericranial flap as part of a multilayered reconstruction. Moreover, patients treated with this approach were retrospectively assessed for post‐operative complications.MethodsA detailed description of the reconstruction procedure as performed in our departments is provided. Pictures depicting the main surgical steps are also included. In addition, preliminary functional results from a retrospective series of patients who underwent a TA and subsequent pericranial flap‐based multilayer reconstruction for ethmoid roof malignancies between 2016 and 2022 at two institutional centers are reported.Results16 patients were included in the study. Nine patients (56.3%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Two patients had a biochemically‐confirmed postoperative CSF leak. Only one of the two patients required surgical revision. During follow‐up (mean 13 months), no other early nor delayed complications were observed.ConclusionA standardized surgical technique with pericranial flap as part of a multilayered reconstruction for large anterior skull base defects following resection of sinonasal malignancies is proposed, which appears to be a safe choice when endonasal flaps are not available.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2942–2947, 2023
Treatment of sinus headache using a device that combines acoustic vibration with oscillating expiratory pressure
Authors: Miglani Amar , Germroth Matthew , LaPointe Kristina A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if simultaneous administration of acoustic vibration and oscillating expiratory pressure affects the severity of facial pain among patients with complaint of “sinus headache”.MethodsThis is a prospective single‐arm observational study performed at a tertiary care medical center. Subjects with complaint of sinus headache without evidence of chronic rhinosinusitis on exam or computed tomography participated in a clinical study applying simultaneous acoustic vibrations and positive expiratory pressure to the nasal cavity twice daily over 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using three validated pain metrics—pain visual analog scale (VAS), brief pain inventory‐short form (BPI‐SF), and McGill pain questionnaire‐short form (MPQ‐SF). Device safety and patient satisfaction were also assessed using questionnaires.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (mean age 49 years, 55% female) completed the study without any major adverse events. At the 4 week follow‐up, facial pain VAS improved from mean ± SD of 59.6 ± 15.7 to 34.6 ± 21.7 (p < .001), BPI mean pain (mean ± standard deviation) improved from 4.4 ± 2.0 to 2.9 ± 1.9 (p = .007), and MPQ‐SF total improved from 12.2 ± 6.5 to 6.5 ± 5.2 (p < .001) with approximately 70% of patients achieving a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) across all metrics. Additionally, pain VAS was assessed 5 min after a single use at baseline with significant improvement (p < .001). Eighty‐six percent of subjects would both use device again and recommend it to others.ConclusionsSimultaneous administration of acoustic vibration and oscillating expiratory pressure appears to be a safe treatment for sinus headaches in patients without objective evidence of chronic sinusitis. Results from this initial study are promising with regard to efficacy in treatment of sinus headaches but will require further study.Level of evidence2c.
Cryptic biodiversity: A portfolio‐approach to coral reef fish surveys
Authors: Bessey Cindy , Depczynski Martial , Goetze Jordan S. , Moore Glenn , Fulton Christopher J. , Snell Mark , Parsons Sylvia K. , Berry Oliver , Wilson Shaun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiodiversity conservation and management requires surveillance that captures the full spectrum of taxa. Here, we showcase the potential for a portfolio of visual, extractive, and molecular methods for detecting previously hidden components of tropical fish biodiversity in an economically and culturally valuable marine site that spans a tropical‐temperate ecotone—the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area. With scale and practicality in mind, we demonstrate how environmental DNA (eDNA) methods deployed in a stratified sampling design can yield a more comprehensive monitoring program for species presence than current alternatives (e.g., extractive sampling via anesthetic). eDNA from filtered water samples detected up to six times as many cryptobenthic fish species per site than samples collected with anesthetic, indicating it is a potentially powerful tool for assessing biodiversity of tropical fishes. However, there were also species that were only found when using anesthetic and the contribution of cryptobenthic species to overall diversity of the fish assemblage was unexpectedly low, suggesting not all cryptobenthic fish species have been detected with eDNA. There were also distinct differences in cryptobenthic assemblages both among sites and sample depths (2–3 m) when using eDNA from filtered water, suggesting this technique may be able to identify fine scale spatial differences in cryptobenthic fish assemblage. eDNA collected from water detects the most cryptobenthic species and is therefore an efficient tool for rapidly assessing biodiversity, but extractive techniques may still be required for biological and monitoring studies, and when combined with eDNA sampling provides the most comprehensive assessment of cryptobenthic fishes.
What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis?
Authors: Khalikova Maria , Jireš Jakub , Horáček Ondřej , Douša Michal , Kučera Radim , Nováková Lucie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small‐molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS‐based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
Multiparametric ultrasound imaging for early‐stage steatosis: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction
Authors: Baek Jihye , Basavarajappa Lokesh , Margolis Ryan , Arthur Leroy , Li Junjie , Hoyt Kenneth , Parker Kevin J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of liver diseases, especially steatosis, requires a more convenient and noninvasive tool for liver diagnosis, which can be a surrogate for the gold standard biopsy. Magnetic resonance (MR) measurement offers potential, however ultrasound (US) has better accessibility than MR.PurposeThis study aims to suggest a multiparametric US approach which demonstrates better quantification and imaging performance than MR imaging‐based proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) for hepatic steatosis assessment.MethodsWe investigated early‐stage steatosis to evaluate our approach. An in vivo (within the living) animal study was performed. Fat inclusions were accumulated in the animal livers by feeding a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet for 2 weeks. The animals (n = 19) underwent US and MR imaging, and then their livers were excised for histological staining. From the US, MR, and histology images, fat accumulation levels were measured and compared: multiple US parameters; MRI‐PDFF; histology fat percentages. Seven individual US parameters were extracted using B‐mode measurement, Burr distribution estimation, attenuation estimation, H‐scan analysis, and shear wave elastography. Feature selection was performed, and the selected US features were combined, providing quantification of fat accumulation. The combined parameter was used for visualizing the localized probability of fat accumulation level in the liver; This procedure is known as disease‐specific imaging (DSI).ResultsThe combined US parameter can sensitively assess fat accumulation levels, which is highly correlated with histology fat percentage (R = 0.93, p‐value < 0.05) and outperforms the correlation between MRI‐PDFF and histology (R = 0.89, p‐value < 0.05). Although the seven individual US parameters showed lower correlation with histology compared to MRI‐PDFF, the multiparametric analysis enabled US to outperform MR. Furthermore, this approach allowed DSI to detect and display gradual increases in fat accumulation. From the imaging output, we measured the color‐highlighted area representing fatty tissues, and the fat fraction obtained from DSI and histology showed strong agreement (R = 0.93, p‐value < 0.05).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that fat quantification utilizing a combination of multiple US parameters achieved higher performance than MRI‐PDFF; therefore, our multiparametric analysis successfully combined selected features for hepatic steatosis characterization. We anticipate clinical use of our proposed multiparametric US analysis, which could be beneficial in assessing steatosis in humans.
Clinical efficacy of JAK inhibitors on enthesitis in spondyloarthropathy: A scoping literature review
Authors: Jubber Ameen , Tahir Hasan , Moorthy Arumugam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnthesitis is a key feature of spondyloarthropathy (SpA). In recent years, JAK inhibitors have emerged as efficacious drugs in the landscape of advanced therapies for patients with SpA.MethodThe aim of this scoping literature review was to search the published literature for studies on JAK inhibitors and their effects on enthesitis in patients with SpA and evaluate the data and summarise the findings. The clinical trials reviewed used the Leeds Enthesitis Index, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Enthesitis Index, and Maastrich Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score as outcome measures.ResultsTofacitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib had numerically greater reductions in the enthesitis scores when compared with placebo.ConclusionWhile the JAK inhibitors are therapeutic options for enthesitis in SpA, head‐to‐head studies are needed to compare the JAK inhibitors against the biological drugs (targeting TNF, IL‐17, and IL‐12/23) as well as studies showing the effects of JAK inhibitors on enthesitis imaging.