bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Методологія формування предметної області модифікаційних змін у важкому транспортному літаку
Authors: Dveirin Oleksandr , Riabkov Viktor , Kapitanova Liudmyla , Kirnoson Danylo 
Published: March 2023

The subject of study is the process of forming the parameters of modification changes in a heavy transport aircraft. The goal is to develop the subject area of modification changes with the help of design models. The task is to develop models for determining the parameters of modification changes of the base aircraft based on the subject area of the modification project, namely: a model of the decomposition of modification changes of the base aircraft with the selection of parameter levels, which made it possible to apply more reliable assessment methods for different groups of parameters; a model of displaying the structure of the base aircraft in the subject area of the modification project, which uses the concepts of similarity and equivalence, it allows to highlight the necessary modification changes of the base aircraft; a temporal model of tracking efficiency changes, taking into account the time interval of creating modifications; a model for assessing the feasibility of modification changes in lower-level parameters, taking into account additional labor costs for their implementation. All this makes it possible to increase the reliability of the technical and economic justification of the modification. The methods used are following: an analytical method of defining the subject area using a system of new criteria that allow evaluating the integral characteristics of the aircraft modification for the benefit of different participants at different stages of the creation of the modification: for project developers, specific cost criteria are adopted as the ratio of all types of costs to all useful work, performed by the modification at the stage of its operation; for the stage of flight tests and production development in modifications – the criterion for the expediency of modification changes, taking into account the labor costs for their implementation; for operating airlines – the technology of formation of flight parameters, which provide a "niche" of competitiveness of modifications and temporary tariffs for the benefit of the consumer. The obtained scientific results: allow to form subject areas of promising modifications of heavy transport aircraft, which can reasonably compete in the world markets of aircraft and air transportation. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: the proposed model for determining the subject area of modification changes of the base aircraft. This makes it possible to set the parameters of modification changes in the aircraft at the stage of aircraft design, and thereby ensure its competitiveness in the aircraft and air transportation markets.
On classifier performance for remote sensing images compressed by different coders
Authors: Proskura Galina , Rubel Oleksiy , Kryvenko Sergii , Lukin Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

Remote sensing data are widely used in numerous applications. A conventional task solved using remote sensing images is their classification. The classification maps are commonly produced by some pre-trained classifiers applied either to uncompressed or compressed images where lossy compression is often needed and employed in practice due to the necessity to reduce data volume at stages of image transfer and storage. Then, the classification accuracy depends on the characteristics of an image, a classifier, and a coder used. The main subject of this paper is the factors that determine classification accuracy. One of them is compressed image quality. We fix the quality of compressed image quality characterized by the peak signal-to-noise ratio for several coders and rely on the same training approach. Our goal is twofold. First, we would like to consider classification accuracy for two approaches to classifier training: based on undistorted data and images with simulated distortions. Second, our desire is to compare the performance of different techniques of image compression. The task of this paper is to obtain an idea is it worth training the neural network classifier for uncompressed images or images of similar quality to the quality of compressed data to be classified. The coder’s influence on classification results is of special interest as well. The main results are the following. First, the classification accuracy is almost the same for classifiers trained for uncompressed and simulated compressed data for the general distortion model. Second, there is a certain difference in the classification results for different compression techniques studied. Lightly better classification results are observed for data produced by more sophisticated (modern) coders. Experiments have been carried out for two real-life three-channel Sentinel-2 images of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region having different complexity. Four typical classes have been considered. As a conclusion, it is possible to state that either the general model of distortions must be modified or the classifier training should be performed for data produced by the corresponding compression technique.
DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS TAMALATE KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Dunggio Iswan , Lihawa Fitriyane , Hasan Rahman 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAKSecara umum perubahan tutupan lahan dan hutan dipengaruhi oleh supply demand, seperti kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi, peningkatan pendapatan dan adanya peningkatan konsumsi terhadap bioenergy yang naik secara bersamaan. Perubahan fungsi lahan hutan tidak saja berdampak pada kehilangan lahan-lahan produktif tetapi juga menyebabkan adanya pencemaran dan menaikkan pembiayaan fiscal pada daerah yang rusak akibat alih fungsi lahan. Degradasi lahan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat seiring dengan potensi peningkatan potensi perubahan iklim dan berpotensi terjadi dinegara maju maupun negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika perubahan tutupan hutan dan lahan di Sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spasial sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone telah kehilangan 17,01 ha hutan dan berubah menjadi pertanian lahan kering. Kawasan pemukiman bertambah seluas 41,99 ha. Situasi berdampak pada makin seringnya banjir yang terjadi pada musim hujan. Deforestasi yang terjadi di sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone disebabkan karena faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat seperti, peningkatan permintaan jagung, peningkatan pendapatan petani dan rendahnya control para pihak terhadap lingkungan hidup.Kata Kunci : Deforestasi; Sub DAS Tamalate; DAS Bone.ABSTRACTIn general, forest and land cover changed are influenced by supply and demand such as economic growth condition, both increase income and energy consumption. Forest and land cover change have an impact both productive land and increase financing in area of damages. Land degradation probably increase with climate change in developing countries and developed countries. The aim of research is to analysis dynamics of forest and land cover change in Tamalate Sub Watershed, Bone Watershed. According result of spatial analysis, Tamalate sub watershed, Bone watershed has lost 17,01 forest cover and turned in to dryland agriculture. The residential area expanded to 41,99 ha. The situation has an impact on the more flooding that occurs during rainy season. Deforestation that occurs in Tamalate sub watershed is caused by social economic factors such as increase demand for corn, farmers income and lack of environment control.Keywords: Deforestation; Tamalate Sub Watershed Sub; Bone Watershed
Deconstructing Directness: A Critical Evaluation of the Role of Directness in the Canadian Tort of Battery
Authors: Mogyoros Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

<p>Battery is a promising cause of action for toxic tort plaintiffs. Nevertheless, there remains substantial controversy as to whether battery can only be applied in the case of direct interferences. Building on the principles of corrective justice, this article undertakes a critical exploration of the directness element in the tort of battery. The analysis begins by considering how the directness ought to be treated where the battery committed occurred via an environmental vector, such as wind or water. Then, using a series of thought experiments, the article ultimately argues that Canadian law should abolish the distinction between direct and indirect acts in battery in response to pragmatic and doctrinal considerations. </p>
Not Worth the Wait: Why the Long-Awaited Regulations Under the AHRA Don’t Address Egg Donor Concerns
Authors: Hammond Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

<p>The <em>Assisted Human Reproduction Act</em> seeks to protect egg donors’ health and well-being and prevent trade in their reproductive capabilities. In order to fulfill these objectives, the Act prohibits the buying and selling of ova, and only allows for egg donors to be reimbursed for their expenses. However, no regulations setting out what expenses can be reimbursed were promulgated. Sixteen years later, these long-awaited regulations finally came into force in June 2020. In this study, I rely on data from interviews with sixteen egg donors in order to assess how the new regulations might help or hinder concerns that egg donors have with how egg transactions are regulated in Canada. I argue that the new regulations might hinder, more than help with, addressing current concerns related to egg transactions in Canada. The most likely result is that they will not change the current state of affairs. </p>
<p> La loi sur la procréation assistée vise à protéger la santé et le bien-être des donneuses d’ovules et à empêcher le commerce de leurs capacités reproductives. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, la loi interdit l’achat et la vente d’ovules et permet uniquement aux donneuses d’ovules de se faire rembourser leurs dépenses. Toutefois, aucune réglementation précisant les dépenses pouvant être remboursées n’avait été officiellement promulguée. Seize ans plus tard, ces réglementations tant attendues sont finalement entrées en vigueur en juin 2020. Dans cette étude, je m’appuie sur des données issues d’entretiens avec seize donneuses d’ovules afin d’évaluer comment la nouvelle réglementation pourrait aider ou entraver les préoccupations des donneuses d’ovules concernant la façon dont les transactions sont réglementées au Canada. Je soutiens que les nouvelles réglementations pourraient empêcher de répondre aux préoccupations actuelles liées aux transactions d’ovules au Canada, plutôt qu’aider à trouver une solution. Le résultat le plus probable de ces réglementations est qu’ils ne changeront pas l’état actuel des choses. </p>
Assisted Human Reproduction Act (2004)
Authors: Hammond Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

<p>[First paragraph]: "The Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) is a piece of federal legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada. The Act came into force on 29 March 2004. Many sections of the Act were struck down following a 2010 Supreme Court of Canada ruling on its constitutionality. The AHR Act sets a legislative and regulatory framework for the use of reproductive technologies such as <a href="https://embryo.asu.edu/search?text=in vitro fertilization" target="_blank">in vitro fertilization</a> and related services including surrogacy and gamete donation. The Act also regulates research in Canada involving <a href="https://embryo.asu.edu/search?text=in vitro" target="_blank">in vitro</a> embryos. The AHR Act was the first law in Canada to regulate the use of reproductive technologies and related research. Most other Canadian policies on AHR rely on the Act and its provisions. By 2015, Canada was one of only a few countries worldwide to comprehensively address assisted human reproduction through policy." </p>
Shouldn’t the bench be a mirror? The diversity of the Canadian judiciary
Authors: Levin Avner , Alkoby Asher 
Published: March 2023

<p>This paper assesses the diversity of the judiciary in Canada’s most diverse urban centres of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal, and it measures the gap between the demographic composition of the judiciary and the population that it serves. The paper then considers the factors that contribute to and perpetuate the homogeneity of Canadian courts, and it addresses the arguments that an identity-conscious appointment process could compromise meritocracy, or that it would challenge the presumed objectivity of judicial decision-making. We argue that reliable public data on the composition of the bench and a clear government vision and strategy are crucial for the administration of justice in Canadian courts.</p>
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Has the Era of Privacy Come to an End?
Authors: Levin Avner 
Published: March 2023

<p>This keynote address to the 2016 McGill Law Graduate Conference provides a brief history of privacy before discussing contemporary challenges in the form of increasing technological ability to create, store and process personal information, and powerful advocacy against privacy from both government and the private sector. In order for privacy to survive, a new set of personal information protection principles is required and new ways of enforcing these principles must be developed, which will leverage the power of technology to develop hybrid regulatory/ technological solutions, such as Google’s content removal tool.</p>
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It Shouldn’t be Small Potatoes: The Future of Civil Damage Awards under Canada’s Personal Information Protection Legislation. Part Two: Inadequate PIPEDA Damages and the Way Forward
Authors: O'Byrne Shannon , Levin Avner 
Published: March 2023

<p>This is the second part of a two-part article. The first part can be found at 52 Adv Q 427 (2022).<br>
The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) is well known as federal legislation governing the protection of personal information in the private sector. This article, published over two parts, focusses on a lesser explored but particularly concerning aspect of PIPEDA, namely the low damage awards (averaging between $3,000 to $5,000) granted by courts to applicants who establish a breach of the Act and the low number of actual applications (24 applications in 20 years). Chronically low monetary awards threaten PIPEDA’s legislative objective of recognizing the individual’s right of privacy in their personal information. As the low number of applications reflect, when it makes no economic sense to do so, otherwise deserving complainants will be discouraged from seeking damages or simply driven to pursue solutions such as class actions. PIPEDA’s damage provision thereby stands to wither away from disuse.<br>
This article offers a three-fold solution to insufficient quantum and is inspired more generally by the functional approach to monetary damages presented by Justice Cromwell in an Isaac Pitblado lecture. First, damage quanta under PIPEDA must more rigorously reflect the status of personal information protection legislation, including its constitutional overlay and link to what have been termed “dignitary” torts such as the common law privacy torts and defamation. Second, courts should measure quantum based on insights from torts closely related to breach of privacy under PIPEDA which reflect a higher quantum. Third, courts must firmly reject the Federal Court’s 2010 decision in Randall v Nubody’s Fitness Centres which held that damages under PIPEDA are only recoverable in “the most egregious situations.” Egregiousness is not an ingredient required by the Act and wrongly reduces its scope. </p>
Some Reflections of a Métis Law Student and Assistant Professor on Indigenous Legal Education in Canada
Authors: Franks Scott 
Published: March 2023

<p>This Article is a reflection on some of my experiences as a Métis law student and assistant professor on the subject of Indigenous legal education in Canada. I introduce myself and what brought me to law school and describe some of my experiences as a law student, as a co-president of an Indigenous Students Association, and as a student organizer for an Indigenous law camp. I argue that a significant barrier to Indigenization and decolonization of Canadian legal education is the perseverance of an ideology rooted in settler colonialism and an individual affective commitment to its future, which is facilitated by racism. The existence and nature of this barrier is highlighted through an exploratory discussion of some of the experiences that are commonly shared by Indigenous law students and professors. I describe my approach to Indigenous legal education at the Lincoln Alexander School of Law (“Lincoln Alexander”) at X University in Toronto, Ontario, as one way to work towards facilitating efforts towards Indigenization and decolonization.</p>
<p>Although the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Final Report and Calls to Action (“Calls”) have significantly impacted Indigenization activities in Canadian legal education, choices to be made about how the Calls are to be implemented are not self-evident. Thus, as an assistant professor at Lincoln Alexander School of Law, I am now trying to decide how to do this work. I propose a pedagogy based on the deconstruction or critique of settler colonial and racial hierarchies embedded in the rule of law through critical methodologies. This deconstruction is necessary before we can effectively teach students about Indigenous legal orders. When we do teach Indigenous legal orders, we should consider teaching those orders in stand-alone courses or focusing on Indigenous legal methodologies in our courses. Finally, I briefly discuss a proposal for integrating Indigenous legal issues and perspectives in the curriculum. </p>
Towards Implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action in Law Schools: A Settler Harm Reduction Approach to Racial Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Legal Orders in Canadian Legal Education
Authors: Franks Scott 
Published: March 2023

<p>Many Canadian law schools are in the process of implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Call to Actions #28 and #50. Promising initiatives include mandatory courses, Indigenous cultural competency, and Indigenous law intensives. However, processes of social categorization and racialization subordinate Indigenous peoples and their legal orders in Canadian legal education. These processes present a barrier to the implementation of the Calls. To ethically and respectfully implement these Calls, faculty and administration must reduce racial stereotyping and prejudice against Indigenous peoples and Indigenous legal orders in legal education. I propose that social psychology on racial prejudice and stereotyping may offer nonIndigenous faculty and administration a familiar framework to reduce the harm caused by settler beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to Indigenous students, professors, and staff, and to Indigenous legal orders. Although social psychology may offer a starting point for settler harm reduction, its application must remain critically oriented towards decolonization. </p>
Explicitation Strategy in Translating Indonesian Novel into English
Authors: Mahmud Erlina Zulkifli , Sobarna Cece 
Published: March 2023

This research article is about the use of translation strategy namely explicitation in the translation of a novel from Indonesian into English. The data source is an Indonesian novel entitled Lelaki Harimau written by Eka Kurniawan and its English translation, Man Tiger as the data source. The translation of a novel from Indonesian into English may not as many as the translation work from English into Indonesian. The novel creates commands and critics regarding its content as well as its language use. It is interesting to see how Indonesian culture reflected in the novel is presented in English through translation. The translator tries to do his best to provide equal information in the target language text as given in the source language text. The uniqueness in the source language text needs a hard work to do in delivering the closest natural equivalent in the target language text. Untranslatability is no longer issue as there are strategies of translation that can be applied, one of them is explicitation. The explicitation strategy used is the one proposed by Klaudy. Using descriptive qualitative method, this research is aimed at revealing the kind of information being explicitated, the forms of explicitation used, and the semantic information of the words explicitated. The results show that the kind of information is both cultural and non-cultural, and the forms of explicitation identified are all five of them and semantically all the words being explicitated become clearer, specific, and more informative
Relationship of the antibody level between male and female SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in Dhaka city
Authors: Chowdhury Indira , Mishu Farzana Akonjee , Tanjilul Haque Syed Mohammad , Chanda Papon Kumar , Mollah Forhadul Hoque 
Published: March 2023

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) created an emergency situation experienced by the world.
Objective: To compare the antibody status after SARS-CoV-2 infection in male and female patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM General Hospital, from July, 2020 to June, 2021. A total of 154 patients (age 18 – 70 years) infected by SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled for this study. Among them, 78 were male and 76 were female. The study subjects were non-vaccinated. For this study, serum IgG level was measured by the automated analyser. For statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney U test was done.
Results: the age distribution of male and female patients. The age group of 50-59 years comprised most of the male patients in comparison to the female study group. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus were more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection in both groups. Here male patients had more positive history of comorbidities than female patients. Mann-Whitney U test was done to analyze the data which revealed presence of significantly higher IgG in female patients. Here, p <0.02 which was fairly statistically significant.
Conclusion: The antibody level of female patients was significantly higher than that of male patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 32-36