bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male behavior in a swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor) ensures directional iridescent sexual signal is visible to females during courtship
Authors: Rutowski Ronald L. , Lessios Nicolas , Seymoure Brett , Pegram Kim , Raymundo Andrew 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIridescent colors in animals may vary with the arrangement of the observer and the light source relative to the animal. When these highly directional colors are used as signals, there may be transmission problems for senders in that the perception of the signal by intended receivers can be greatly affected by the spatial arrangement of the sender, receiver, and sources of contributing light. One potential solution to this problem is for senders to behave in a manner that arranges the positions of sender, light source, and receiver to enhance signal perception by the receiver. We tested this idea by describing the structure of courtship behavior of males of the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor) butterfly and analyzing its consequences for the female detection of the male’s iridescent sexual signal which is used in mate choice by females. During courtship, males perform a swoop maneuver that brings their dorsal hindwing from below to directly in front of the female. Several swoops in rapid succession occur in aerial courtships that lead to copulation. We measured under solar radiation the radiance of the male’s dorsal hindwing as seen by the female during a swoop. Regardless of how the male’s swoop path is oriented relative to the sun, there will be a brief, bright, and saturated flash of blue visible to the female. Our results support the conclusion that male swoops enhance the visibility of the male’s iridescent color signal to the female during courtship.
Increasing Awareness of the Importance of Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions of Antiretroviral Drugs Among Adults Living with HIV in Moshi, Tanzania: A Pilot Study on Using SMS Reminders for Reporting
Authors: Masika Lyidia , Emmanuel Naomi , Mirai Tumaini , Nyanungu Gloria , Shirima Mary , Boer Marion Sumari–de , Maro Rehema , Mtesha Benson , Ngowi Kennedy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn Sub-Saharan Africa, there are knowledge gaps on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Studies have shown that limited training capacity among healthcare workers has affected reporting of ADRs and weakened the pharmacovigilance system in Tanzania. Studies have shown that the use of digital tools, including SMS communication, might be a viable way to increase knowledge and understanding of reporting ADRs. This study aimed to examine the acceptability and feasibility of SMS texts to increase awareness about the importance of reporting ADRs of ART among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Tanzania. We also explored different ADR profiles that were reported by the participants.MethodologyThis was a prospective implementation pilot study. PLHIV who consented to the study received a biweekly message to ask them how they were doing. We programmed keywords in the system that could be used for responding to the presence of ADR. The response to messages generated a flow of SMS that determined the presence of ADRs and informed participants to report. The technical feasibility was calculated based on the percentages of SMS which were sent and delivered about ADR and acceptability was measured based on the percentage of SMS that was replied to by the participants. We also collected data on different types of ADR reported by the participants. We conducted focus group discussions with participants and in-depth interviews with health workers to understand their experiences with and acceptability of the system.ResultsOver a 12-month study period, a total of 92 participants were recruited. Sixty-two (67.4%) were women. The mean age of our participants was 42 years (SD± 12). Forty (43.5%) participants were on ART for less than 3 months and the other 52 (56.5%) participants were on first-line ART. The system successfully sent and delivered 105 follow-up messages to all participants who consented to receive SMS. Among all the sent SMS 100 (95.2%) were replied to by the participants. Commonly reported ADRs were “itching”, gastrointestinal discomfort”, “joint pain”, “malaise” and “headache”. The themes identified through FGD and IDI were: high motivation to report ADR, well-understood SMS content, the system to remain the same, no concerns about unwanted disclosure, and difficulties in replying to SMS due to network. The latter was mentioned by a few participants.ConclusionSMS for creating awareness on ADRs reporting is a user-friendly intervention and highly accepted based on qualitative data among PLHIV in Tanzania. Also use of SMS is a low-cost intervention and a simple way to improve public health issues with society.
Association of vitamin D level and maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy: Findings from a randomized controlled trial of antenatal vitamin D supplementation
Authors: Aparicio Andrea , Gold Diane R. , Weiss Scott T. , Litonjua Augusto A. , Lee-Sarwar Kathleen , Liu Yang-Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShifts in the maternal gut microbiome and vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy have been associated, separately, with health problems for both the mother and the child. Yet, they have rarely been studied simultaneously. Here, we analyzed gut microbiome (from stool samples obtained in late pregnancy) and vitamin D level (from blood samples obtained both in early and late pregnancy) data of pregnant women in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, to investigate the association of vitamin D status on the pregnant women’s microbiome. To find associations we ran linear regressions on alpha diversity measures, PERMANOVA tests on beta diversity distances, and used the ANCOM-BS and Maaslin2 algorithms to find differentially abundant taxa. Analyses were deemed significant using a cut-off p-value of 0.05. We found that gut microbiome composition is associated with the vitamin D level in early pregnancy (baseline), the maternal gut microbiome does not show a shift in response to vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, and that the genusDesulfovibriois enriched in women without a substantial increase in vitamin D level between the first and the third trimesters of pregnancy. We conclude that increasing the vitamin D level during pregnancy could be protective against the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria such asDesulfovibrio, which has been associated with chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders. More in-depth investigations are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
A machine learning approach to predict drug-induced autoimmunity using transcriptional data
Authors: Smith Gemma L. , Walker Ieuan G. , Aubareda Anna , Chapman Michael A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrug-induced autoimmunity (DIA) is an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction. Although first reported in the mid-1940’s, the mechanisms underlying DIA remain unclear, and there is little understanding of why it is only associated with some drugs. Because it only occurs in a small number of patients, DIA is not normally detected until a drug has reached the market. We describe an ensemble machine learning approach using transcriptional data to predict DIA. The genes comprising the signature implicate dysregulation of cell cycling or proliferation as part of the mechanism of DIA. This approach could be adapted by pharmaceutical companies as an additional preclinical safety screen, reducing the risk of drugs with the potential to cause autoimmunity reaching the market.
SAM68-regulated ALE selection of Pcdh15 maintains proper synapse development and function
Authors: Darwish Mohamed , Ito Masatoshi , Takase Akinori , Ayukawa Noriko , Suzuki Satoko , Tanaka Masami , Iijima Yoko , Iijima Takatoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThousands of mammalian genes encode alternatively spliced isoforms in their 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR). Alternative 3’UTR diversity may contribute to several neurological processes in developing and adult brains. SAM68 is the key splicing regulator for the diversity of neuronal 3’UTR isoforms through alternative last exon (ALE) selection. However, the mechanisms underlying the control of splicing at the 3’ end and its function in the nervous system remain unclear. Here, we show that neuronal SAM68-dependent ALE splicing is regulated depending on its target transcripts. For example, the selection of the ALE ofprotocadherin-15(Pcdh15), a gene implicated in Usher syndrome and several neuropsychiatric disorders, is largely dependent on the expression of SAM68, partially regulated via the CaMK pathway, but independent of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. We found that the aberrant ALEs ofPcdh15caused membrane-to-soluble isoform conversion of the produced protein and disrupted its localization into excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In addition, the neuronal expression of the soluble form of PCDH15 (sPCDH15) preferentially affected the number of inhibitory synapses. sPCDH15 further reduced neuroligin-2-induced inhibitory, but not excitatory, synapses in artificial synapse formation assays. Our findings provide insights into the role of alternative 3’UTR isoform selections in synapse development.
Computational design of N-linked glycans for high throughput epitope profiling
Authors: Greisen Per , Yi Li , Zhou Rong , Zhou Jian , Johansson Eva , Dong Tiantang , Liu Haimo , Johnsen Laust B , Lund Søren , Svensson L. Anders , Zhu Haisun , Thomas Nidhin , Yang Zhiru , Østergaard Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEfficient identification of epitopes is crucial for drug discovery and design as it enables the selection of optimal epitopes, expansion of lead antibody diversity, and verification of binding interface. Although high resolution low throughput methods like X-ray crystallography can determine epitopes or protein-protein interactions accurately, they are time-consuming and can only be applied to a limited number of complexes. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a rapid computational method that incorporates N-linked glycans to mask epitopes or protein interaction surfaces, thereby providing an atomistic mapping of these regions. Using human coagulation factor IXa (fIXa) as a model system, we could rapidly and reliably delineate epitopes through the insertion of N-linked glycans that efficiently disrupt binding in a site-selective manner. To validate the efficacy of our method, we conducted ELISA experiments and high-throughput yeast surface display assays. Furthermore, X-ray crystallography was employed to verify the results, thereby recapitulating through the method of N-linked glycans an atomistic resolution mapping of the epitope.
Implications of the three-dimensional chromatin organization for genome evolution in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Torres David E. , Martin Kramer H. , Tracanna Vittorio , Fiorin Gabriel L. , Cook David E. , Seidl Michael F. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes is linked to their biological functions, although it is not clear how this impacts the overall evolution of a genome. Here, we uncover the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization of the phytopathogenVerticillium dahliae, known to possess distinct genomic regions, designated adaptive genomic regions (AGRs), enriched in transposable elements and genes that mediate host infection. Short-range DNA interactions form clear topologically associating domains (TADs) with gene-rich boundaries that show reduced levels of gene expression and reduced genomic variation. Intriguingly, TADs are less clearly structured in AGRs than in the core genome. At a global scale, the genome contains bipartite long-range interactions, particularly enriched for AGRs and more generally containing segmental duplications. Notably, the patterns observed forV. dahliaeare also present in otherVerticilliumspecies. Thus, our analysis links 3D genome organization to evolutionary features conserved throughout theVerticilliumgenus.
Superior antibody and membrane protein-specific T cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents
Authors: Rosa Duque Jaime S. , Cheng Samuel M.S. , Cohen Carolyn A. , Leung Daniel , Wang Xiwei , Mu Xiaofeng , Chung Yuet , Lau Tsun Ming , Wang Manni , Zhang Wenyue , Zhang Yanmei , Wong Howard H.W. , Tsang Leo C.H. , Chaothai Sara , Kwan Tsz Chun , Li John K.C. , Chan Karl C.K. , Luk Leo L.H. , Ho Jenson C.H. , Li Wing Yan , Lee Amos M.T. , Lam Jennifer H.Y. , Chan Sau Man , Wong Wilfred H.S. , Tam Issan Y.S. , Mori Masashi , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Peiris Malik , Tu Wenwei , Lau Yu Lung 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTStrategies to improve the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are necessary to optimise their protection against disease. Fractional dosing by intradermal administration (ID) has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular (IM) for several vaccines, but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole-virus SARS-CoV-2 at the full dose is unknown. This study (NCT04800133) investigated the superiority of antibody and T cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM in adolescents. Participants aged 11-17 years received 2 doses IM or ID, followed by the 3rddose 13-42 days later. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2 (IM-CC versus ID-CC) and post-dose 3 (IM-CCC versus ID-CCC). Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents, respectively. S IgG, S-RBD IgG, S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding, SNM-specific IL-2+CD4+, SNM-specific IL-2+CD8+, S-specific IL-2+CD8+, N-specific IL-2+CD4+, N-specific IL-2+CD8+and M-specific IL-2+CD4+responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC, whereas IgG avidity was inferior. For ID-CCC, S-RBD IgG, surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT), 90% plaque reduction neutralisation titre (PRNT90), PRNT50, S IgG avidity, S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding, M-specific IL-2+CD4+, interferon-γ+CD8+and IL-2+CD8+responses were superior and non-inferior to IM-CCC. The estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%, 52%, 66% and 79% for IM-CC, ID-CC, IM-CCC and ID-CCC, respectively. More in the ID groups reported local, mild adverse reactions. This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T cell responses by ID inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines.
Lower prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Condition following Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: de Bruijn Siméon , van Hoek Albert Jan , Mutubuki Elizabeth N. , Knoop Hans , Slootweg Jaap , Tulen Anna D. , Franz Eelco , van den Wijngaard Cees C. , van der Maaden Tessa 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDifferent SARS-CoV-2 variants can differentially affect the prevalence of Post Covid-19 Condition (PCC). This prospective study assesses prevalence and severity of symptoms three months after an Omicron infection, compared to Delta, test-negative and population controls. This study also assesses symptomology after reinfection and breakthrough infections.MethodsAfter a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, cases were classified as Omicron or Delta based on ≥ 85% surveillance prevalence. Population controls were representatively invited and symptomatic test-negative controls enrolled after a negative SARS-CoV-2 test. Three months after enrolment, participants indicated point prevalence for 41 symptoms and severity of four symptoms. Permutation tests identified significantly elevated symptoms in cases compared to controls. PCC prevalence was estimated as the difference in prevalence of at least one elevated symptom in cases compared to population controls.FindingsAt three months follow-up, five symptoms and severe dyspnea were significantly elevated in Omicron cases (n = 4138) compared to test-negative (n= 1672) and population controls (n= 2762). PCC prevalence was 10·4% for Omicron cases and 17·7% for Delta cases (n = 6855). Prevalence of severe fatigue and dyspnea were higher in reinfected compared to primary infected Omicron cases, while severity of symptoms did not significantly differ between Omicron cases with a booster or primary vaccination course.InterpretationThree months after Omicron, prevalence of PCC is 41% lower than after Delta. Reinfection seems associated with more prevalent severe long-term symptoms compared to a first infection. A booster prior to infection does not seem to improve the outcome of long-term symptoms.FundingThe study is executed by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment by order of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
Corrosion of X80 steel in the co-existence of sulfate reducing bacteria and permeating hydrogen
Authors: Li Yongxiong , Hu Junying , Zhong Xiankang 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to shed light on the corrosion behavior of X80 steel when sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and permeating hydrogen interact.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, electrochemical tests were conducted between 25 and 55 °C, and the surface morphology of the specimen was observed using scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional photos. The composition of the oxide film was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Findings
Under the condition of 6 MPa simulated natural gas (15% H2), the content of S-containing compounds (FeS and FeSO4) in the corrosion products on the surface of the specimen decreases from 60.8% to 54.4%. This finding indicates that hydrogen permeation inhibits the metabolic processes of SRB in this environment. By comparing the hydrogen-uncharged specimen, it was found that under the condition of 6 MPa simulated natural gas (15% H2) hydrogen charging, the uniform corrosion on the X80 surface was weakened, and the protection of the oxide film on the specimen surface in this environment was better than that without hydrogen charging.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, most of these existing studies have focused on the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of materials and very little is known about corrosion behavior in the hydrogen environment. In this study, a self-designed small gas phase hydrogen charging device was used to study the X80 surface corrosion behavior in the environment of the H2-doped natural gas pipeline.
Predicting stock market using natural language processing
Authors: Puh Karlo , Bagić Babac Marina 
Published: April 2023

PurposePredicting the stock market's prices has always been an interesting topic since its closely related to making money. Recently, the advances in natural language processing (NLP) have opened new perspectives for solving this task. The purpose of this paper is to show a state-of-the-art natural language approach to using language in predicting the stock market.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the conventional statistical models for time-series prediction are implemented as a benchmark. Then, for methodological comparison, various state-of-the-art natural language models ranging from the baseline convolutional and recurrent neural network models to the most advanced transformer-based models are developed, implemented and tested.FindingsExperimental results show that there is a correlation between the textual information in the news headlines and stock price prediction. The model based on the GRU (gated recurrent unit) cell with one linear layer, which takes pairs of the historical prices and the sentiment score calculated using transformer-based models, achieved the best result.Originality/valueThis study provides an insight into how to use NLP to improve stock price prediction and shows that there is a correlation between news headlines and stock price prediction.
Impact of training and development interventions for diversity & inclusion: proposing an organizational schema
Authors: Kuknor Sunaina , Kumar V.V. Ravi 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Transformation and involvement from every organizational function are essential in creating a diverse and inclusive workplace. The paper explores the role of training and development (T&D) interventions in building a diverse and inclusive workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the review of existing research studies, the authors report and discuss how T&D function supports fostering a diversity and inclusion (D&I) mindset in the workplace and propose an organizational schema that facilitates the systematic design and implementation of T&D interventions for D&I.

Findings
Based on the literature an organizational schema was developed which indicated that to foster a D&I mindset in the workplace, it is important that diversity training is designed after considering established diversity theories. Further diversity training can be conducted in two phases, where phase 1 would focus on awareness training and phase 2 on skill training. This would lead to an increase in employee competency development including knowledge, skills, behavior, and a positive attitude toward a D&I mindset.

Practical implications
HR and training managers can benefit from the paper indicating that for achieving effective results from diversity training, it must draw insights from established diversity theories. Through the organizational schema discussed in the paper, organizations can minimize the negative attitude and behavior that emerge from social categorization with the help of systematic T&D where employees are made self-aware of their prejudice and discrimination and further equipped with relevant skills to manage diversity.

Social implications
A positive mindset incorporated by employees at a workplace with reference to Diversity & Inclusion through structured D& I training can percolate beneficially to the society as a whole.

Originality/value
The study is a rare one that explores the impact of T&D on D&I. The novelty of the research lies in the organizational schema presented in the study exploring how HR practitioners must systematically design T&D for D&I combining both theory and practice to achieve long-term organizational diversity management objectives.
Boosting employee performance through gamification: a study of the awareness and usage of game elements among construction professionals
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Aliu John , Farouk Kineber Ahmed , Abayomi Timilehin 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis study examines the level of awareness and usage of game elements among construction professionals with a view to promoting the usage of gamification tools for the effective and efficient delivery of construction projects.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from construction professionals including architects, builders, engineers and quantity surveyors. Retrieved data were analyzed using several statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies, mean item scores and exploratory factor analyses.FindingsThe analysis revealed that progress bars, certificates and bonuses are the significant game elements adopted by professionals, but there is a low awareness of elements such as avatars and badges.Practical implicationsThere is a salient need for construction stakeholders' awareness of the importance of gamification and game elements as a key digital tool for the delivery of construction projects. The findings of this study make a case for stakeholders, professional bodies and government agencies to embrace and implement gamification practices in the construction sector.Originality/valueThis study is the first conducted in Nigeria to examine the level of awareness and usage of game elements among construction professionals. The findings of this study will provide a reference point for researchers who will undertake studies relating to the concept of gamification in the construction industry context.