bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring leadership in health professionals following an industry‐based leadership program: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Middleton Rebekkah , Montgomery Amy , Murray Suzanne , Peters Sally , Halcomb Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the self‐reported leadership practices and behaviours of health professionals following a leadership program and explore factors that impacted leadership style.DesignAn online cross‐sectional survey was conducted from August to October 2022.MethodsThe survey was disseminated via email to leadership program graduates. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form—6S was used to measure leadership style.ResultsEighty completed surveys were included in the analysis. Participants scored highest on transformational leadership and lowest on passive/avoidant leadership style. Participants with higher qualifications scored significantly higher in the inspirational motivation scores (p = 0.03). As years in their profession increased, there was a significant decrease in contingent reward scores (p = 0.04). The younger participants scored significantly higher on the management‐by‐exception than older participants (p = 0.05). There were no significant associations with the year the leadership program was completed, gender or profession and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form ‐ 6S scores. Most participants (72.5%) strongly agreed that the program enhanced their leadership development and 91.3% strongly agreed or agreed that they routinely apply the skills and knowledge learnt in the program in their workplace.ConclusionFormal leadership education is important in developing a transformational nursing workforce. This study found that program graduates had adopted a transformational leadership style. Education, years of experience and age impacted the specific leadership elements. Future work needs to incorporate longitudinal follow‐up to relate changes in leadership with impact on clinical practice.Implications for the ProfessionTransformational leadership as a dominant style can contribute to nurses and other disciplines positively contributing to innovative and person‐centred approaches to health service delivery.Summary Statement

What already is known—Leadership amongst nurses and other health professionals impacts patients, staff, organizations and ultimately healthcare culture.

What this paper adds—Formal leadership education is important in developing a transformational healthcare workforce.

Implications for practice/policy—Transformational leadership can enhance nurses and other disciplines commitment to innovative and person‐centred approaches.

Impact StatementThis research identifies that lessons learnt from formal leadership education are retained over time by healthcare providers. This is important for nursing staff, and other healthcare providers, who are leading teams and overseeing care delivery, can ensure leadership behaviours and practices are enacted to influence a transformational workforce and culture.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to STROBE guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution.
Welfare and performance of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) reared at two different temperatures after a preparatory feeding trial with enhanced dietary eicosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Kottmann Johanna S. , Berge Gerd M. , Kousoulaki Katerina , Østbye Tone‐Kari Knutsdatter , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Gjerde Bjarne , Lein Ingrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConcerns have long been raised about the welfare of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) used for the biological control of sea lice in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. This study assessed the effect of increased dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels and initial condition factor (CF) on the subsequent performance and welfare of ballan wrasse farmed in high and low water temperatures. Fish were fed a diet with either commercial or high EPA levels for 3 months at 15°C. Subsequently, fish were tagged with a passive integrated transponder, measured for their CF and divided into two groups consisting of fish from both treatments and reared for 4.5 months at either 15 or 6°C fed a commercial diet. Each fish was categorized as high (≥2.7) or low CF (<2.7) fish based on the calculated average CF of the population. Dietary composition influenced the fatty acid (FA) profile of the stored lipids without affecting the growth or welfare of ballan wrasse. Fish reared at 15°C showed higher growth, more fat and energy reserves and less ash content. Fish reared at 6°C lost weight, using up their body lipids at the end of the temperature trial. Gene expression analyses showed upregulation of the positive growth marker (GHrα) and two genes involved in the synthesis and oxidation of FAs (elovl5, cpt1) and downregulation of the negative growth marker (mstn) in fish reared at 15°C compared to those reared at 6°C. Fish reared at 6°C showed upregulated levels of il‐6 compared to those reared at 15°C, suggesting an enhanced immune reaction in response to low temperature. Fish with high CF showed better survival, growth and performance compared to those with low CF. External welfare scoring showed higher prevalence and severity in emaciation, scale loss and the sum index score (of all measured welfare parameters) in fish reared at 6°C compared to those reared at 15°C and better welfare in fish with high CF compared to those with low CF. Histological examination of the skin showed that fish reared at 6°C had decreased epidermal thickness, a lower overall number of mucous cells in the inner and outer epidermis and a different organization of mucous cells compared to fish reared at 15°C, indicating stress in fish reared at 6°C. Overall, low water temperatures had profound effects on the performance and external and internal welfare parameters of ballan wrasse and can be considered a stressor likely affecting the delousing efficacy. These findings support the seasonal use of different cleaner fish species. High CF, but not increased dietary EPA levels, appeared to help fish cope better with low water temperatures and should thus be assessed and considered before deploying them in salmon cages.
MAFLD might be better in identifying subjects with sarcopenia or cardiovascular risk than NAFLD: A nationwide study
Authors: Han Eugene , Chun Ho Soo , Lee Yong‐ho , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Lee Byung‐Wan , Kang Eun Seok , Cha Bong‐Soo , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimClinical features of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remain unclear. We investigated the risk of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in MAFLD and non‐metabolic risk (MR) NAFLD.MethodsSubjects were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008–2011. Liver steatosis was assessed using fatty liver index. Significant liver fibrosis was defined using fibrosis‐4 index, categorized by age cut‐offs. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quintile sarcopenia index. Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score > 10% was defined as high probability.ResultsA total of 7248 subjects had fatty liver (137 with non‐MR NAFLD, 1752 with MAFLD/non‐NAFLD, and 5359 with overlapping MAFLD and NAFLD). In non‐MR NAFLD group 28 (20.4%) had significant fibrosis. The risk of sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.71, 95% confidence index [CI] = 1.27–5.78) and high probability of ASCVD (aOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.23–6.35) was significantly higher in MAFLD/non‐NAFLD group than in non‐MR NAFLD group (all P < 0.05). The risk of sarcopenia and high probability of ASCVD was similar between subjects with and without significant fibrosis in non‐MR NAFLD group (all P > 0.05). However, the risk was significantly higher in MAFLD group than in non‐MR NAFLD group (aOR = 3.38 for sarcopenia and 3.73 for ASCVD; all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe risks of sarcopenia and CVD were significantly higher in MAFLD group but did not differ according to fibrotic burden in non‐MR NAFLD group. The MAFLD criteria might be better for identifying high‐risk fatty liver disease than the NAFLD criteria.
Risk classification with on‐demand insurance
Authors: Braun Alexander , Haeusle Niklas , Thistle Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn‐demand insurance is an innovative business model from the InsurTech space, which provides coverage for episodic risks. It makes use of a simple fact in a practical way: People differ in their frequency of exposure as well as the probability of loss. The extra dimension of heterogeneity can be used to screen the insured and shifts the utility‐possibility frontier outward. We provide a sufficient condition under which type‐specific full insurance at the actuarially fair price is incentive compatible. We also show that our results hold for various real‐world implementations of on‐demand insurance.
Mental health emergency admissions in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Oktay Mehmet A , Derinöz Güleryüz Okşan , Akyüz Oktay Selin , Akca Caglar Ayla 
Published: June 2023

AimTo evaluate the demographic characteristics, diagnoses and length of stay of mental health emergency attendance to the paediatric emergency department (ED), to determine the burdens these patients brought to the paediatric ED and to the national economy by examining hospital costs.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital's paediatric ED in Turkey. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record system from January 2018 to January 2020.ResultsA total of 142 admissions were included of whom 60% were female. The mean age was 15.2 ± 1.8 years, 50% of cases were suicide attempts and 19% were alcohol intoxications. The majority (85.9%) of patients were discharged from the emergency observation unit. Among the diagnostic groups, the mean age was higher in patients with a history of substance abuse. There was a female predominance among patients who were admitted due to suicide attempts. Among the diagnostic groups, the duration of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization were higher in patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of suicide attempt.ConclusionsMental health problems are frequent in the paediatric ED. We determined that the most common cause of attendance in paediatric emergencies was suicide attempts, and the length of hospital stay and hospital cost were higher in this diagnostic group. Although further research is necessary to determine national trends in paediatric mental health problems in the paediatric ED, screening strategies and early detection and interventions in primary healthcare may allow more effective care for childhood mental health problems.
Effective contact texture region aware pavement skid resistance prediction via convolutional neural network
Authors: Shi Weibo , Niu Dongyu , Li Zirui , Niu Yanhui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe surface texture of asphalt pavement has a significant effect on skid resistance performance. However, its contribution to the performance of skid resistance is non‐homogeneous and subjects to local validity. There are also a few deep learning models that take into account the effective contact texture region. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network model based on the effective contact texture region, containing macro‐ and micro‐scale awareness sub‐modules. In this study, the asphalt mixture with varying gradations was designed to accurately obtain the effective contact texture region. Then, the textures were disentangled into macro‐ and micro‐texture scales by applying the fast Fourier transform and fed into the model for training. Finally, the area of effective contact texture region was calculated, and the effective contact ratio parameter was then proposed using the triangulation algorithm. The results showed that the effective contact texture area of pavement varies by the asphalt mixture type. The effective contact ratio parameter exhibited a significant positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.901, R2= 0.8129) with skid resistance performance and was also influenced by key sieve aggregate content from 2.36 to 4.75 mm. The data of effective contact texture region following disentanglement significantly released the model performance (the relative error dropped to 1.81%). The model exhibited improved precision and performance, which can be utilized as an efficient, non‐contact alternative method for skid resistance analysis.
Extraradical hyphae alleviate nitrogen deposition‐induced phosphorus deficiency in ectomycorrhiza‐dominated forests
Authors: Zhang Ziliang , Guo Wanji , Wang Jipeng , Lambers Hans , Yin Huajun 
Published: June 2023

Summary

The continuous imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition is expected to shift many ecosystems from N‐ to P limitation. Extraradical hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play important roles in plant nutrient acquisition under nutrient deficiency. However, whether and how ECM hyphae enhance soil P availability to alleviate N‐induced P deficiency remains unclear.

We investigated the impacts of ECM hyphae on transformations among different soil P fractions and underlying mechanisms under N deposition in two ECM‐dominated forests.

Ectomycorrhizal hyphae enhanced soil P availability under N addition by stimulating mineralization of organic P (Po) and desorption and solubilization of secondary mineral P, as indicated by N‐induced increase in positive hyphal effect on plant‐available P pool and negative hyphal effects on Po and secondary mineral P pools. Moreover, ECM hyphae increased soil phosphatase activity and abundance of microbial genes associated with Po mineralization and inorganic P solubilization, while decreasing concentrations of Fe/Al oxides.

Our results suggest that ECM hyphae can alleviate N‐induced P deficiency in ECM‐dominated forests by regulating interactions between microbial and abiotic factors involved in soil P transformations. This advances our understanding of plant acclimation strategies via mediating plant–mycorrhiza interactions to sustain forest production and functional stability under changing environments.
Intimate partner violence and preschool self‐regulation: Examining the role of maternal emotion socialization in Black families
Authors: Lamoreau Renee , Park Jae eun , Skov Hilary , Pequet Allison , Gray Sarah A. O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ways that parents respond to children's negative emotions shape the development of self‐regulation across early childhood. The objective of this study was to examine child self‐regulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure in a sample of Black, economically marginalized mothers and their young children (aged 3–5 years, N = 99). The study investigates the conditional effects of emotion socialization practices that (1) encourage expression of and problem‐solving around negative affect (“supportive”), and (2) encourage suppression of affective displays (“suppressive”) on children's self‐regulation. We found a significant association between higher child self‐regulation and supportive parental reactions in the context of psychological IPV. We also found a significant association between higher child self‐regulation and suppressive parental reactions in the context of psychological IPV. Our findings are consistent with prior research suggesting Black parents who teach varied strategies for emotional expression may promote children's adaptation in high‐stress family environments. Macrosystem factors such as systemic racism and discrimination as well as the threat of family violence may shape how parents approach emotion socialization and the teaching of affective self‐expression and self‐regulation.
Mothers’ communicative cues and the development of infants’ helping: Linking participation and problem solving in the first year of life
Authors: Edwards Victoria L. L. , Hammond Stuart I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on the role of socialization in the development of infants’ helping. Although opportunities for the socialization of early helping are rare in problem solving (bystander intervention), there are many opportunities for socialization in participation (working alongside others), and infants’ experiences of participation could socialize problem solving indirectly. The present study links participation and problem solving conceptually by drawing on a Hebbian concept of indirect learning and through a study examining mothers’ communicative cues in both forms of helping. Forty mother‐infant dyads engaged in two semi‐structured helping tasks, a participation task and a problem‐solving task at five, eight, and ten months of age. Mothers’ communicative cues and infants’ return of the object were examined using coding schemes adapted from prior research. Mothers used similar communicative cues (reaches, give‐me gestures, and verbal requests) in both tasks, and more maternal scaffolding contributed to greater object handover. Infants showed higher object handover in participation tasks. The findings, framed in Tomasello's neo‐Vygotskian account of prosocial development, offer a synthesis of the debate on the role of socialization where prosocial behavior emerges first between people, and then becomes individualized.
Monitoring the effects of pesticide pellets to address farmers' concerns on soil fauna, specifically earthworms
Authors: Dummett I. , Sturrock C. J. , Stroud J. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSlugs are a major pest in arable agriculture that are typically controlled by using pesticide‐impregnated pellets (molluscicides). We received multiple requests from farmers in 2018 for research into the impact of slug pellets on earthworms because they had been told that ferric‐based pellets were ‘worm‐friendly’. We measured soil fauna feeding activities within Lumbricus terrestris middens on a replicated field plot experiment comparing the recommended product rates of a metaldehyde (4%) based or ferric phosphate EDDS (3%) based slug pellets. There was a significant decrease in feeding activity in the presence of either type of slug pellet, particularly in the top 25 mm of the soil indicating movement away from the pesticide. This could be explained by the significantly lower abundance (numbers and biomass) of earthworms in the topsoil. Four months after ferric phosphate‐based slug pellet application, there was no significant difference between the control and treated plots in earthworm abundance, indicating the effects were temporary. In the laboratory, individual Lumbricus terrestris earthworms consumed up to 4 slug pellets over 14 days and no significant differences in biomass were measured. A burrowing fitness assay indicated that earthworms exposed to ferric phosphate‐based slug pellets burrowed to a greater depth. This suggests an avoidance behaviour response, which could also explain the field results. A consultation with farmers (n = 68) rated this information service as useful and indicated widespread interest in minimizing the effects of pesticides on non‐target soil fauna.
The balance and weight of reasons
Authors: Makins Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a detailed characterisation of some ways in which our preferences reflect our reasons. I will argue that practical reasons can be characterised along two dimensions that influence our preferences: their balance and their weight. This is analogous to a similar characterisation of the way in which probabilities reflect the balance and weight of evidence in epistemology. In this paper, I will illustrate the distinction between the balance and weight of reasons, and show how this is crucial for an adequate account of preference and choice. The upshot is a more complete picture of a particular kind of decision, labelled by Isaac Levi and, more recently, Ruth Chang as ‘hard choices’. These are choices in which one option is better than another in some ways, the other is better than the first in some ways, but neither seems better overall. The distinction between the balance and weight of reasons presents a new way of understanding how hard choices vary by degree and what it is that makes them so hard.
Spatial organization and dynamics of chromosomes and microtubules during barley mitosis
Authors: Kaduchová Kateřina , Marchetti Cintia , Ovečka Miroslav , Galuszka Petr , Bergougnoux Véronique , Šamaj Jozef , Pecinka Ales 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYMitosis and cytokinesis are fundamental processes through which somatic cells increase their numbers and allow plant growth and development. Here, we analyzed the organization and dynamics of mitotic chromosomes, nucleoli, and microtubules in living cells of barley root primary meristems using a series of newly developed stable fluorescent protein translational fusion lines and time‐lapse confocal microscopy. The median duration of mitosis from prophase until the end of telophase was 65.2 and 78.2 min until the end of cytokinesis. We showed that barley chromosomes frequently start condensation before mitotic pre‐prophase as defined by the organization of microtubules and maintain it even after entering into the new interphase. Furthermore, we found that the process of chromosome condensation does not finish at metaphase, but gradually continues until the end of mitosis. In summary, our study features resources for in vivo analysis of barley nuclei and chromosomes and their dynamics during mitotic cell cycle.
Temporal trends and geographic variations in perioperative red blood cell transfusion in major surgical procedures from 2013 to 2018 in China
Authors: Tang Bo , Zhang Yuelun , Xu Xiaohan , Yu Xuerong , Ma Lulu , Huang Yuguang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion‐related guidelines promote restrictive blood transfusion. However, whether these guidelines have been successfully translated into clinical practice in China is unknown. This study aimed to provide updated information about the temporal trends in the prevalence of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in China.Materials and MethodsWe analysed data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System database (2013–2018) to investigate the prevalence of perioperative RBC transfusion in patients undergoing craniotomy for cerebral aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, sternotomy for mitral valve replacement, open thoracotomy lobectomy, open gastrectomy and hip arthroplasty. Mixed‐effects logistic regression models quantified the likelihood of RBC transfusions.ResultsThe study included 438,183 patients, with 44,697 (10.20%) receiving perioperative RBC transfusions. Introducing transfusion‐related guidelines in China markedly decreased the prevalence of RBC transfusion among patients who underwent major surgical procedures in the following years. The prevalence of RBC transfusion for hip arthroplasty was 17.34% in 2013 and 7.03% in 2018. After adjusting for patient risk factors, the odds ratio of RBC transfusion for hip arthroplasty was significantly lower in 2018 (0.74, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.53–1.02) than in 2013 (1.84, 95% CI 1.37–2.48).ConclusionThe prevalence of perioperative RBC transfusion decreased from 2013 to 2018 in China, supporting the potential beneficial effects of transfusion‐related guidelines. Considering the geographic variations in RBC transfusion, reducing heterogeneity may impact public health by improving surgical outcomes.