bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density loci specific to the skull portray potential pleiotropic effects on craniosynostosis
Authors: Medina-Gomez Carolina , Mullin Benjamin H. , Chesi Alessandra , Prijatelj Vid , Kemp John P. , Shochat-Carvalho Chen , Trajanoska Katerina , Wang Carol , Joro Raimo , Evans Tavia E. , Schraut Katharina E. , Li-Gao Ruifang , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Zillikens M. Carola , Zhu Kun , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Evans Daniel S. , Nethander Maria , Knol Maria J. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Prokic Ivana , Zemel Babette , Broer Linda , McGuigan Fiona E. , van Schoor Natasja M. , Reppe Sjur , Pawlak Mikolaj A. , Ralston Stuart H. , van der Velde Nathalie , Lorentzon Mattias , Stefansson Kari , Adams Hieab H. H. , Wilson Scott G. , Ikram M. Arfan , Walsh John P. , Lakka Timo A. , Gautvik Kaare M. , Wilson James F. , Orwoll Eric S. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Bønnelykke Klaus , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Styrkársdóttir Unnur , Akesson Kristina E. , Spector Timothy D. , Tobias Jonathan H. , Ohlsson Claes , Felix Janine F. , Bisgaard Hans , Grant Struan F. A. , Richards J. Brent , Evans David M. , van der Eerden Bram , van de Peppel Jeroen , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl , Karasik David , Kague Erika , Rivadeneira Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSkull bone mineral density (SK-BMD) provides a suitable trait for the discovery of key genes in bone biology, particularly to intramembranous ossification, not captured at other skeletal sites. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis (n ~ 43,800) of SK-BMD, identifying 59 loci, collectively explaining 12.5% of the trait variance. Association signals cluster within gene-sets involved in skeletal development and osteoporosis. Among the four novel loci (ZIC1,PRKAR1A,AZIN1/ATP6V1C1,GLRX3), there are factors implicated in intramembranous ossification and as we show, inherent to craniosynostosis processes. Functional follow-up in zebrafish confirms the importance ofZIC1on cranial suture patterning. Likewise, we observe abnormal cranial bone initiation that culminates in ectopic sutures and reduced BMD in mosaicatp6v1c1knockouts. Mosaicprkar1aknockouts present asymmetric bone growth and, conversely, elevated BMD. In light of this evidence linking SK-BMD loci to craniofacial abnormalities, our study provides new insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases.
Competitive hierarchies in bryozoan assemblages mitigate network instability by keeping short and long feedback loops weak
Authors: Koch Franziska , Neutel Anje-Margriet , Barnes David K. A. , Tielbӧrger Katja , Zarfl Christiane , Allhoff Korinna T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCompetitive hierarchies in diverse ecological communities have long been thought to lead to instability and prevent coexistence. However, system stability has never been tested, and the relation between hierarchy and instability has never been explained in complex competition networks parameterised with data from direct observation. Here we test model stability of 30 multispecies bryozoan assemblages, using estimates of energy loss from observed interference competition to parameterise both the inter- and intraspecific interactions in the competition networks. We find that all competition networks are unstable. However, instability is mitigated considerably by asymmetries in the energy loss rates brought about by hierarchies of strong and weak competitors. This asymmetric organisation results in asymmetries in the interaction strengths, which reduces instability by keeping the weight of short (positive) and longer (positive and negative) feedback loops low. Our results support the idea that interference competition leads to instability and exclusion but demonstrate that this is not because of, but despite, competitive hierarchy.
Pressure-driven processes explain the decreasing magnetization of the subducting oceanic crust in the Japan Trench
Authors: Han Dongwoo , Park Yong-Hee , Lee Changyeol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the decreases in temperature and permeability of oceanic plates with increasing age, hydrothermal circulation (HC) can be rejuvenated in the 130-Ma old Pacific plate in the vicinity of the Japan Trench, substantially affecting the thermal structure and remaining amount of magnetization (RAM). To decipher the roles of HC in the thermal structure and the RAM, the vigor and extent of HC in the vicinity of the Japan Trench should be quantitatively evaluated. Here we numerically show that HC is rejuvenated in the outer-rise zone but ceases after subduction owing to permeability evolution. The calculated thermal structure explains the measured heat flow evolution but negates the HC-driven thermal demagnetization, which was thought to decrease the RAM after subduction. Instead, we propose that the pressure-driven processes decrease the RAM after subduction through the demagnetizations of titanomaghemite and magnetite and the mineral phase transitions from maghemite to hematite.
Identifying protective factors for gender diverse adolescents’ mental health
Authors: Holt Melissa K. , Parodi Katharine B. , Elgar Frank J. , Vigna Abra , Moore L. B. , Koenig Brian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFew studies have disentangled differences in victimization exposures and mental health symptoms among gender diverse subgroups, nor considered the role of potential protective factors in ameliorating the impact of victimization on gender diverse youths’ mental health. Here we report findings from a secondary data analysis, in which we address this gap by analyzing cross-sectional survey data (N = 11,264 in the final analytic sample) from a population-based survey of youth in participating school districts in a large Midwestern U.S. county. Relative to cisgender youth with gender conforming expression, transgender youth and cisgender youth with nonconforming gender expression are more likely to experience victimization and severe mental health concerns. Additionally, school-connectedness moderates the association between bias-based harassment and depression for cisgender youth with gender nonconforming expression, and family support/monitoring buffers the association of peer victimization with suicide attempts among transgender youth. Findings highlight the need to better understand factors which may confer protection among gender diverse adolescents, so that in turn appropriate supports across key contexts can be implemented.
Metal regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SufB intein splicing at the host–pathogen crossroad
Authors: Panda Sunita , Nanda Ananya , Nasker Sourya Subhra , Mehra Ashwaria , Ojha Deepak Kumar , Mohanty Priti Sundar , Nayak Sasmita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intein sequences self-excise from precursor proteins to generate functional proteins in various organisms. Thus, regulation of intein splicing at the host–pathogen interface can determine the fate of infection by controlling generation of essential proteins in microbes. For instance, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtu) SufB intein splicing is crucial for the functionality of SUF complex. This multiprotein system is the sole pathway for [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis in mycobacteria during oxidative stress and Fe starvation. Although metal toxicity and metal starvation are components of host immunity, correlation of metal stress to Mtu SufB intein splicing is missing till date. Current study examines the splicing and N-terminal cleavage reactions of Mtu SufB precursor protein in presence of micronutrient metal ions like Zn+2, Cu+2, and Fe+3/+2. A known intein splicing inhibitor Pt+4 was also tested to support its proposed role as an anti-TB agent. Mtu SufB precursor protein exhibited significant attenuation of splicing and N-terminal cleavage reactions across different concentration ranges for Pt+4, Cu+2, Zn+2, while Fe+3 interaction resulted in precursor accumulation. UV–Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Tryptophan fluorescence assay, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques analyzed metal–protein interaction. Mutagenesis experiments and Ellman’s assay identified plausible metal co-ordination sites within Mtu SufB protein. Analyzing the metal effect on Mtu SufB splicing may provide elemental information about the fate of mycobacterial infection, and a probable mechanism to attenuate intracellular survival of Mtu. Current research hints at the host regulatory mechanism on SufB splicing in its native environment and a likely target for developing next-generation anti-TB drugs.
The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE
Authors: Sturm J. A. , McClure M. K. , Law C. J. , Harsono D. , Bergner J. B. , Dartois E. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Ioppolo S. , Öberg K. I. , Palumbo M. E. , Pendleton Y. J. , Rocha W. R. M. , Terada H. , Urso R. G. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Observations of edge-on disks are an important tool for constraining general protoplanetary disk properties that cannot be determined in any other way. However, most radiative transfer models cannot simultaneously reproduce the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and resolved scattered light and submillimeter observations of these systems because the geometry and dust properties are different at different wavelengths.Aims. We simultaneously constrain the geometry of the edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE and the characteristics of the host star. HH 48 NE is part of the JWST early-release science program Ice Age. This work serves as a stepping stone toward a better understanding of the physical structure of the disk and of the icy chemistry in this particular source. This type of modeling lays the groundwork for studying other edge-on sources that are to be observed with the JWST.Methods. We fit a parameterized dust model to HH 48 NE by coupling the radiative transfer codeRADMC-3Dand a Markov chain Monte Carlo framework. The dust structure was fit independently to a compiled SED, a scattered light image at 0.8 µm, and an ALMA dust continuum observation at 890 µm.Results. We find that 90% of the dust mass in HH 48 NE is settled to the disk midplane. This is less than in average disks. The atmospheric layers of the disk also exclusively contain large grains (0.3–10 µm). The exclusion of small grains in the upper atmosphere likely has important consequences for the chemistry because high-energy photons can penetrate very deeply. The addition of a relatively large cavity (~50 au in radius) is necessary to explain the strong mid-infrared emission and to fit the scattered light and continuum observations simultaneously.
Chylöser Aszites bei NSCLC: Nicht alles ist maligne, was maligne aussieht
Authors: Uhlenbruch Mark , Bärmann Marie-Kristin , Bertram Volker , Krüger Stefan 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ätiologie chylöser Aszites ist multifaktoriell. Maligne Grunderkrankungen, Leberzirrhose, Traumata, Lymphanomalien und Mykobakteriosen sind die häufigsten Ursachen. Bei NSCLC wird chylöser Aszites bei einer peritonealen Metastasierung oder abdomineller Lymphknotenmetastasen beobachtet.RET-Alterationen treten bei 1–2% der NSCLC-Patienten auf und können seit kurzem zielgerichtet therapiert werden.Unsere Kasuistik zeigt, dass neue zielgerichtete Therapien die Prognose revolutionieren, uns aber vor die Herausforderung neuer und teils unbekannter Nebenwirkungen stellen.
Delphi-Experten-Konsens der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie über
die anatomische Segmentresektion bei nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Veit Stefanie , Schega Olaf , Leschber Gunda , Ludwig Corinna 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Jüngste Ergebnisse aus 2 kürzlich veröffentlichten randomisierten
kontrollierten Studien haben günstige onkologische Ergebnisse der Segmentektomie bei NSCLC
im Frühstadium < 2 cm gezeigt. Dies hat zu einem wachsenden Interesse an diesem
Verfahren geführt, das jedoch im Vergleich zur Lobektomie als technisch anspruchsvoller
angesehen wird. Ziel des Arbeitskreises der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
(DGT) war es, in einem Expertenkonsensusprojekt Themen zur Implementierung der
Segmentektomie in der Lungenkrebschirurgie zu bearbeiten.
Methoden: Die beauftragte Gruppe der DGT konzipierte und führte 2 elektronische
Fragerunden in allen großen Thorax- und Lungenkrebszentren in Deutschland durch. Die
Lenkungsgruppe legte a priori eine Konsensschwelle von 75% oder mehr fest. Die Ergebnisse
wurden in einem Expertentreffen diskutiert, das zu einer abschließenden Delphi-Umfrage für
ausgewählte Themenfragen führte.
Ergebnisse: 38 Fragen zur Segmentektomie bei NSCLC wurden in 2 Runden
vorgeschlagen und zur Abstimmung gestellt. Nach dem abschließenden Delphi-Prozess wurde
ein Konsens zu folgenden Themen erzielt: Nichtunterlegenheit der Segmentektomie vs.
Lobektomie bei Tumoren < 2 cm, Segmentektomie als Alternative bei funktionell nicht
durchführbarer Lobektomie, Einsatz intraoperativer Techniken zur Identifizierung
intersegmentaler Grenzen. Zu Themen wie Schnellschnitt zur intraoperativen
Radikalitätsabklärung sowie zur Indikation einer erneuten Lobektomie bei okkultem
N1-Lymphknotenstatus konnte kein Konsens erzielt werden.
Abschluss: Unser Manuskript zeigt die Ergebnisse eines Delphi-Prozesses 2020/2021
unter Beteiligung von Experten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie zur
Durchführung der Segmentektomie bei Lungenkrebspatienten. Generell wurde für die Mehrzahl
der Themen zur Indikation und Durchführung der Lungensegmentektomie eine sehr hohe
Konsensrate dokumentiert.
Venous Free Flap with Interposition Bypass Graft for Arteriovenous Fistula Preservation: A Case Report
Authors: Awaida Cyril , Aribert Marion , Weger Natalie , Keck Kendall , Odobescu Andrei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) overlying an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare and presents unique challenges. This case report describes a method of fistula preservation after CSCC excision using a flow-through venous free flap. The saphenous vein of the venous flap was used as flow-through segment for AVF preservation. The flap was inserted along the dorsal aspect of the forearm wound and microvascular anastomosis of the arterial inflow was completed using a vein just proximal to the radiocephalic fistula anastomosis. Venous outflow was established by creating an end-to-end vascular anastomosis between the cephalic vein and the greater saphenous vein. A separate subcutaneous vein was used to provide a low-pressure outflow for the flap to avoid congestion. This case demonstrates an option for AVF preservation that has not been previously described. It also highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the safe treatment of CSCCs overlying AVFs.
Sonographic demonstration of the sulci and gyri on the convex surface in normal fetuses using 3D-ICRV rendering technology
Authors: Chen Zhixuan , Ma Ya , Wen Huaxuan , Liao Yimei , Ouyang yan , Liang BoCheng , Liang Meiling , Li Shengli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate morphological alteration of the sulci and gyri on the convex surface in normal fetuses using innovative three-dimensional inversion and Crystalvue and Realisticvue (3D-ICRV) rendering technology.
Materials and Methods 3D fetal brain volumes were collected from low-risk singleton pregnancies between 15+0 and 35+6 gestational weeks. Volumes were acquired from the transthalamic axial plane by transabdominal ultrasonography and were then post-processed with Crystalvue, Realisticvue rendering software and inversion mode. Volume quality was assessed. The anatomic definition of the sulci and gyri was determined according to location and orientation. The morphology alteration and sulcus display rates were recorded in sequential order of gestational weeks. Follow-up data were collected in all cases.
Results 294 of 300 fetuses (294 brain volumes) (98%) with qualified fetal brain volumes were included (n=294, median 27 gestational weeks). 6 fetuses with unsatisfactory 3D-ICRV image quality were excluded. The morphology of the sulci and gyri on the brain convex surface could be demonstrated clearly on 3D-ICRV images. The Sylvian fissure was the first structure to be recognized. From 25 to 30 weeks, other sulci and gyri became visible. An ascending trend in the display rate of the sulci was found in this period. Follow-up showed no detectable anomalies.
Conclusion 3D-ICRV rendering technology is different from traditional 3D ultrasound. It can provide vivid and intuitive prenatal visualization of the sulci and gyri on the brain surface. Moreover, it may offer new ideas for neurodevelopment exploration.
Photoredox Defluorinative Silylation of α-Trifluoromethyl Arylalkenes Using Silacarboxylic Acids as Silyl Radical Precursors
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Ren Shichao , Zhang Yi , Nie Guihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA photoredox defluorinative silylation of α-trifluoromethyl arylalkenes for rapid access to useful gem-difluoroalkenes is disclosed. Stable and easily prepared silacarboxylic acids are used as silyl radical precursors in a photocatalytic decarboxylative process. The mild conditions and operational simplicity make our method a straightforward strategy to construct gem-difluoroalkenes bearing various functional groups, and a powerful strategy for incorporating a gem-difluoroalkene moiety into natural products and drug molecules.
Recent Developments in Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Valuable Scaffolds
Authors: Selvaraj Manickam , Verma Praveen Kumar , Aggarwal Varun , Bala Ekta , Saima Saima , Pathan Sameer , Guleria Saksham , Sharma Sakshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reduction of nitro compounds is one of the fundamental organic transformations and ascertain wide applicability in industrial chemistry, synthesis of valuable scaffolds, fine chemical synthesis, as well as environmental applicability for decontamination process. The transformation involves the conversion of nitro compounds into valuable scaffolds including amino, nitroso, hydroxyl amines, azo, and hydrazo compounds. Conventional approaches for the reduction of nitro compounds involves the environmentally harmful stoichiometric reagents, high-boiling reaction media, tedious processes, and harsh reaction conditions with high temperature and pressure. Additionally, the selectivity always remains a serious concern associated with the process due to the possibilities of several stable intermediate formation in the reaction pathway of reduction of nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are also of serious environmental concerns being a part of most harmful and high-priority classes of pollutants mainly released from industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and human sewage. A simple degradation of these pollutants bearing nitro group just removes the pollutants, however, the selective reduction of nitro group to valuable functionalities as mentioned above provides the industrially important scaffolds. With the advent of photocatalytic organic transformation, most of the scientific fraternity working in the area of organic synthesis, catalysis, and environmental decontaminations are utilizing the clean, green, low-temperature, energy and cost-effective, sustainable processes for the reduction of nitro compounds to access valuable scaffolds. Nowadays a lot of mechanistic developments in the field ease the processes for the developments of such highly valuable organic transformations. Herein, the present Account is focused on the recent developments in the photocatalytic reduction of nitro compounds to valuable scaffolds.1	Introduction2	Reduction of Nitro Compounds2.1	Conventional Approaches for Reduction of Nitro Compounds2.2	General Photocatalytic Mechanism3	Mechanistic Pathways: Electrochemical, Conventional and Photocatalytic Approaches3.1	Mechanism of Electrochemical Reduction of Nitroarene3.2	Conventional Reduction Mechanism of Nitroarenes3.3	General Photocatalytic Reduction Mechanism of Nitroarenes4	Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Valuable Scaffolds4.1	Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Corresponding Amines4.2	Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Azo Compounds4.3	Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Azoxy Compounds4.4	Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Nitroso Compounds4.5	Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Hydroxyl Amines5	Future Perspective6	Conclusion
Photocatalytic 1,4-Addition of Aromatic Aldehydes or Ketones via Umpoled Carbinol Anions
Authors: Okumura Shintaro , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Takahashi Teruki , Torii Kaoru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA 1,4-addition reaction of aromatic aldehydes or ketones to electron-deficient olefins was achieved under photocatalytic conditions. In the reaction, an umpoled carbinol anion generated in situ through two successive one-electron reductions of the carbonyl compound reacted nucleophilically with the electron-deficient olefin. Various electron-deficient aromatic aldehydes and ketones successfully underwent the reaction to afford the corresponding γ-functionalized alcohols.
Stereoselective Ring-Opening Deacetonation Polymerization of Racemic 2,2,5-Trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one by Using Homosalen–Aluminum Complexes: A Novel Approach to Isotactic ­Poly(rac-lactic acid)
Authors: Sakai Kazuho , Yagi Yusuke , Nomura Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel approach is reported for the synthesis of the highly isotactic poly(racemic lactic acid) [P(rac-LAA)] from racemic 2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one by using achiral homosalen–Al catalysts. The polymerization proceeded through two steps: stereoselective ring-opening and deacetonation. The effects of substituents on the homosalen–Al catalyst were clarified regarding the polymerization rates and polydispersity of the obtained P(rac-LAA), but were still unclear regarding the iso-stereoselectivity. The P(rac-LAA) obtained by using an isopropyl-substituted homosalen–Al catalyst showed the highest isotacticity (P
m = 0.96), a moderate number-average molecular weight (M
n = 6,200), and broad polydispersity (PDI = 2.20). Differential scanning calorimetric measurements indicated that the polymer was semicrystalline with a melting temperature of 156 °C.
Fratura em fêmur irradiado de rato: Descrição de um modelo experimental e avaliação de sua eficácia
Authors: Soares Cláudio Beling Gonçalves , Araújo Ivana Duval de , Teixeira Luiz Eduardo Moreira , Michelin Márcia Antoniazi , Machado Carla Jorge , Silveira Marcelo Peixoto 
Published: July 2023

Resumo
Objetivo Nosso objetivo é descrever um modelo experimental para estudo de fraturas de fêmur em ratos após exposição a radiação ionizante, demonstrando uma forma de aplicação de uma substância para análise, o método de padronização de fratura e irradiação e a forma de avaliação de sua eficácia com base em estudos radiográficos.
Métodos Utilizamos 24 ratos divididos em dois grupos de 12 animais cada. O grupo ESTUDO foi exposto à radiação ionizante e tratado com soro fisiológico, enquanto o grupo CONTROLE não foi exposto à radiação e foi tratado com soro fisiológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à fratura padronizada do fêmur direito e sua fixação com fio intramedular. A eficácia da consolidação óssea foi determinada por exame radiográfico.
Resultados A cicatrização de fraturas foi mais eficiente em ossos não expostos à radiação ionizante (p = 0,012). Todas as fraturas atenderam aos critérios de serem simples, diafisárias, transversas ou oblíquas curtas.
Conclusão O modelo experimental apresentado é uma boa alternativa para o estudo de fraturas em ossos irradiados em ratos.