bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative anaphylaxis management and testing: a quaternary centre audit
Authors: Lipszyc Adam , Tran Robyn , Scott David A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life‐threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Sequential reports have cited anaphylaxis as the most common cause of anaesthesia‐related deaths. We undertook an audit at a quaternary centre, examining the management of perioperative anaphylaxis and quality of referrals made to our anaesthesia allergy testing service.MethodsThe data of 41 patients consulted at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne for perioperative anaphylaxis between 17th of January 2020 and 20th of January 2022 were analysed. Intervention outcomes included total intravenous fluid administered, adrenaline administration, instigation of CPR and the collection and the timing of serum tryptase samples. We also assessed referral quality, provision of institutional allergy alert and time elapsed from the anaphylaxis event to allergy testing. Contemporaneous Australian and New Zealand Anaesthetic Allergy Group (ANZAAG) guidelines were used as the reference standard for most outcomes.ResultsOur data reveals compliance of <80% with respect to intravenous fluid administration, referral quality and tryptase sampling, particularly at the 4‐h timepoint.ConclusionSurgical leadership and patient advocacy in the post‐acute phase would likely facilitate requisite testing and improve the quality of counselling. We recommend institutions adopt a case‐by‐case review of management compliance with recommendations. Additionally, we advocate for the inclusion of a prompt to the ANZAAG referral form, that encourages the operator to update their patient's institutional allergy alert while awaiting allergy testing.
Long‐term results of cataract surgery in type 2 diabetics, a 20‐year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Mönestam Eva I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the 20‐year outcome, in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and subjective visual function (VF‐questionnaire, VF‐14) after cataract surgery in type 2 diabetics, compared with non‐diabetics.Methods109 type 2 diabetics and 698 non‐diabetics, who had cataract surgery during 1 year at one institution, were included in this prospective, longitudinal, population‐based cohort study. BCVA and VF‐14 responses were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively, and every 5 years up to 20 years after surgery. Retinopathy was graded before surgery.ResultsThere was no significant difference between diabetics and non‐diabetics, in change in BCVA from 10 years or more after surgery, p = 0.45, p = 0.44 and p = 0.83, at 10, 15 and 20 years, respectively, as well as in self‐perceived visual function (VF‐14) at any time after surgery, p = 0.72, p = 0.20 and p = 0.78, 10–20 years, respectively.At any follow‐up, there was no significant difference in BCVA in relation to retinopathy level before surgery, p = 0.1 at 20 years. There was a trend from 10 years after surgery and onward that patients with no retinopathy at baseline lost fewer letters during the 20 years than diabetics with retinopathy. Patients with known type 2 diabetes at surgery had a significantly lower survival compared with the non‐diabetics at each follow‐up, p = 0.003.ConclusionIn surviving diabetics, BCVA and subjective visual function were retained in most cases up to 20 years after cataract surgery. Cataract extraction is effective in causing a sustainable improvement in visual function also in type 2 diabetics. Knowledge of these long‐term outcomes is essential when counselling diabetics for cataract surgery.
Finding Ophthalmic Risk and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability (FOREVER)—A cohort study in a Danish high street optician setting: Design and methodology
Authors: Freiberg Josefine , Rovelt Jens , Gazzard Gus , la Cour Morten , Kolko Miriam ,   the FOREVER Consortium
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to describe the rationale and design of Project FOREVER (Finding Ophthalmic Risk and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability).DesignProject FOREVER will build a comprehensive database of clinical eye and vision data collected from ~280 000 adults at 100 optician stores across Denmark. The FOREVER database (FOREVERdb) includes detailed data from refraction, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, visual field assessments and retinal fundus images. Linkage to the comprehensive Danish national registries with, that is diagnostic and prescribing data permits investigation of rare associations and risk factors. 30 000 individuals over 50 also provide a saliva sample for later genetic studies and blood pressure measurements. Of these 30 000, 10 000 will also get optical coherence tomography (OCT) nerve and retinal scans. This subpopulation data is reviewed by ophthalmologists for disease detection. All participants will be asked to complete a questionnaire assessing lifestyle, self‐perceived eye health and general health. Enrolment of participants began in April 2022.PerspectiveThe FOREVERdb is a powerful tool to answer a wide range of research questions that can pave the way for better eye health. This database will provide valuable insights for future studies investigating the correlations between eye and general health in a Danish population cohort, enabling research to identify potential risk factors for a range of diseases.
Patterns of problematic cannabis use in Canada pre‐ and post‐legalisation: Differences by neighbourhood deprivation, individual socioeconomic factors and race/ethnicity
Authors: Fataar Fathima , Driezen Pete , Owusu‐Bempah Akwasi , Hammond David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe legalisation of cannabis in Canada in 2018, and subsequent increase in prevalence of use, has generated interest in understanding potential changes in problematic patterns of use, including by socio‐demographic factors such as race/ethnicity and neighbourhood deprivation level.MethodsThis study used repeat cross‐sectional data from three waves of the International Cannabis Policy Study web‐based survey. Data were collected from respondents aged 16–65 prior to cannabis legalisation in 2018 (n = 8704), and post‐legalisation in 2019 (n = 12,236) and 2020 (n = 12,815). Respondents' postal codes were linked to the INSPQ neighbourhood deprivation index. Multinomial regression models examined differences in problematic use by socio‐demographic and socio‐economic factors and over time.ResultsNo evidence of a change in the proportion of those aged 16–65 in Canada whose cannabis use would be classified as ‘high risk’ was noted from before cannabis legalisation (2018 = 1.5%) to 12 or 24 months after legalisation (2019 = 1.5%, 2020 = 1.6%; F = 0.17, p = 0.96). Problematic use differed by socio‐demographic factors. For example, consumers from the most materially deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to experience ‘moderate’ vs ‘low risk’ compared to those living outside deprived neighbourhoods (p < 0.01 for all). Results were mixed for race/ethnicity and comparisons for high risk were limited by small sample sizes for some groups. Differences across subgroups were consistent from 2018 to 2020.Discussion and ConclusionsThe risk of problematic cannabis use does not appear to have increased in the 2 years following cannabis legalisation in Canada. Disparities in problematic use persisted, with some racial minority and marginalised groups experiencing higher risk.
A rare case of retro‐hepatic inferior vena caval leiomyosarcoma – Computed tomography, surgical and intraoperative echocardiography imaging
Authors: Raj Vipin , Babu Saravana , Kumar Dash Prasanta , Sukesan Subin , Pitchai Shivanesan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma of retro‐hepatic portion of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare vascular tumor with poor prognosis if adequate surgical resection is not achieved. Surgical repair includes dissection of the tumor and reconstruction of the IVC with a tube graft. Establishing a normal flow and gradient in IVC and hepatic veins is imperative for a successful repair. We report a case of retro hepatic IVC leiomyosarcoma where the preoperative computed tomography described the anatomy and extension of the tumor whereas intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography helped in the assessment of adequacy of surgical repair.
Flow and plankton availability control young‐of‐the‐year fish diet in two floodplain nurseries
Authors: Marle Pierre , Simon Laurent , Rigal Amandine , Guicharnaud Chloé , Gauthier Paul , Garcia Noéline , Castella Emmanuel , Mayor Hélène , Slaveykova Vera I. , Olivier Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn large river floodplains, the availability of trophic resources to the fish fauna is highly variable as a consequence of seasonal environmental change and habitat diversity. Young‐of‐the‐year fishes (YOY) must find suitable habitats to settle, feed and survive. However, very few in‐depth studies are available about the food preferences of the young fishes during their first growing season. Here, we investigated the composition of planktonic assemblages and the YOY diet of three generalist fish species Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758), Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) from four floodplain sites of the French Upper Rhône River. More specifically, we studied their temporal and spatial variations in relation to five environmental variables: hydrology, dissolved oxygen, primary production, water temperature and conductivity. Stable flow conditions and the associated temperature and conductivity strongly structured the phytoplankton community in the floodplain channels, whereas water movements within channels and dissolved oxygen concentrations were significantly correlated to the zooplankton composition. A zooplankton density above ≈100 ind L−1 allowed the initiation of a YOY diet mainly based upon zooplankton for the three fish species. When zooplankton densities were insufficient, all three species used phytoplankton as their main food resource. Finally, the diet overlaps between species, differed significantly between sites. The study highlights the need to examine the diet of juvenile fishes and environmental variables in the floodplains.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Leeneman Brenda , Blommestein Hedwig M. , van Dongen‐Leunis Annemieke , Algeri Mattia , Fibbe Willem E. , Oosten Liesbeth , Uyl‐de Groot Carin A. , Thielen Frederick W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease (SR‐aGvHD) is lacking. Evaluating HRQoL was a secondary objective of the HOVON 113 MSC trial. Here we describe the outcomes of the EQ‐5D‐5L, EORTC QLQ‐C30, and FACT‐BMT for all adult patients who completed these questionnaires at baseline (i.e., before the start of treatment; n = 26).MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to describe baseline patient and disease characteristics, EQ‐5D dimension scores and values, EQ VAS scores, EORTC QLQ‐C30 scale/item and summary scores, and FACT‐BMT subscale and total scores.ResultsThe mean EQ‐5D value was 0.36. In total, 96% of the patients reported problems with usual activities, 92% with pain/discomfort, 84% with mobility, 80% with self‐care, and 72% with anxiety/depression. The mean EORTC QLQ‐C30 summary score was 43.50. Mean scale/item scores ranged from 21.79 to 60.00 for functioning scales, from 39.74 to 75.21 for symptom scales, and from 5.33 to 91.67 for single items. The mean FACT‐BMT total score was 75.31. Mean subscale scores ranged from 10.09 for physical well‐being to 23.94 for social/family well‐being.ConclusionOur study showed that HRQoL in patients with SR‐aGvHD is poor. Improving HRQoL and symptom management in these patients should be a top priority.
European Parliament and representation of the Union's citizens: What can be expected from electoral law from a democratic standpoint?
Authors: Pascua Mateo Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn some Member States, doctrine and case law of national courts have highlighted that, under currently applicable European electoral law, elections to the EP are of a second‐order, whereby European issues give way to purely domestic ones. In any event, this does not hinder the position of the EP as a genuine legislative chamber, which, above all, demands effects from electoral law that it cannot provide, since the intensity with which an election is experienced depends on circumstances external to the system itself. What electoral law can guarantee instead is the periodic holding of free elections. And that requires ensuring that the EP is appointed by the free expression of the opinion of all (and only) European citizens; that the weight of the vote is determined by rational criteria; that the electoral formula allows access to significant political currents; and that the “rule of law” is respected in the electoral process.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome after levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device placement—Case report
Authors: Sun Ruiqing L. , Chhabra Arun , Patel Anand , Shaltoni Hashem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a disease characterized by reversible multifocal narrowing of the cerebral arteries with clinical manifestations that typically include thunderclap headache and occasionally brain edema, stroke, or seizure. The exact pathophysiology of RCVS is not well known.CaseA 46‐year‐old female with history of episodic migraine presented with 1‐month duration of worsening headaches that had become more severe over the past 2 weeks. The headaches were episodic and thunderclap in onset and aggravated by physical exertion or emotional situations. A neurological examination was unremarkable including initial head computed tomography (CT). A CT angiogram of the head showed multifocal stenosis in the right anterior cerebral artery, bilateral middle cerebral arteries, and right posterior cerebral artery. Cerebral angiogram confirmed the CT angiogram findings. A repeated CT angiogram a few days later showed improvement in the multifocal cerebral arterial stenosis. Lumbar puncture and autoimmune workup were not suggestive of neuroinflammatory etiology. She had one generalized tonic–clonic seizure during her second day of hospitalization. The patient's thunderclap onset headaches resolved in 1 week after she was managed with blood pressure control and pain medication. She denied any illicit drug use or any new medications other than the placement of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (IUD) about 6 weeks prior to her presentation.ConclusionsOur case suggests a possible link between RCVS and levonorgestrel‐releasing IUDs.
A review on high entropy silicides and silicates: Fundamental aspects, synthesis, properties
Authors: Salian Ashritha , Sengupta Pradyut , Vishalakshi Aswath Iteesha , Gowda Avinash , Mandal Saumen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal silicides and silicates belong to the silicon‐based non‐oxide and oxide ceramics family with exceptional properties. Silicides face fatal oxidation at low temperatures and intrinsic brittleness, whereas silicates face instability in phase at high temperatures which restricts its usage in vast engineering applications. Hence, the ceramic community introduced the concept of high entropy in metal silicides and silicates. Since 2019, high entropy silicides and silicates, a multicomponent system, have created new avenues for materials discovery and design. High entropy silicides displayed elevated properties than the traditional silicides aiming its applications in microelectronic, high‐temperature oxidation resistance coatings, and structural materials. Similarly, high entropy silicates displayed improved properties than the traditional silicates making them the most promising materials for environmental and thermal barrier coating applications for hot section components in gas turbines. The review focuses on specific case studies to emphasize the latest research and developments in high entropy silicides and silicates. Synthesis approaches employed in developing high entropy silicides and silicates and their structural and microstructural outcomes are addressed. The possible application is predicted based on the overview of the properties explored to date. The review concludes with future possibilities offered by the high entropy silicides and silicates.
Skin cancer incidence in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone treatment: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Rahmat Amirun , De Nie Iris , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Den Heijer Martin , Rustemeyer Thomas , De Blok Christel J. M. , Dreijerink Koen M. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of skin cancer, in particular melanoma, has been linked to sex hormones. We aimed to determine the incidence of skin cancer in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone treatment (GAHT).MethodsIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study, clinical information of participants who visited our clinic between (the years) 1972 and 2018 and received GAHT was integrated with national pathology and cancer statistics data in order to assess skin cancer incidence. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 2,436 trans women and 1,444 trans men. The median age at the start of GAHT was 31 years (IQR 24–42) in trans women and 24 years (IQR 20–32) in trans men. The median follow‐up time for trans women was 8 years (IQR 3–18) with a total follow‐up time of 29,152 years and 4 years (IQR 2–12) with a total follow‐up time of 12,469 years for trans men. Eight trans women were diagnosed with melanoma (SIR 1.80 [95% CI 0.83–3.41] vs. all men; SIR 1.40 [0.65–2.65] vs. all women), and seven developed squamous cell carcinoma (SIR 0.78 [0.34–1.55] vs. all men; SIR 1.15 [0.50–2.27] vs. all women). Two trans men developed melanoma (SIR 1.05 [0.18–3.47] vs. all men; SIR 0.77 [0.14‐2.70] vs. all women).ConclusionsGAHT did not appear to affect skin cancer incidence in this large cohort of transgender individuals. As skin cancer incidence increases with age and the proportion of elderly subjects is currently limited in this cohort, it will be worthwhile to repeat this analysis in the future.
Genotypic responses of rice to alternate wetting and drying irrigation in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Johnson Kristian , Vo Thuong Ti Bach , Van Nha Duong , Asch Folkard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production during the dry season has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emission and freshwater use. However, its effect on yield compared with continuously flooded systems can vary. To evaluate the effect of AWD on yield and yield‐forming processes on genotypes commonly grown in the VMD, field trials over two consecutive dry seasons were conducted at the Loc Troi Group's agricultural research station in the VMD. We observed a significant yield reduction, 7% on average, across all varieties grown under AWD. Analysis of yield components showed that under AWD, genotypes on average produced more tillers, but fewer spikelets, suffered greater spikelet sterility and had a lower 1000 grain weight. The size of this effect differed between dry seasons. Accordingly, we were able to identify and characterize genotypes better suited to AWD. We also could relate shifts in sink‐source relationships to the overlap of drying events and key phenological stages other than flowering. Our study shows how successful implementation of AWD requires adaptation to both environment and genotype.
Fast preparation of porous anatase material via CuO‐mediated glass crystallization and acid‐leaching
Authors: Zhao Jiejie , Liu Shiquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs an attempt to facilitate the mass production of porous anatase catalysts in industry, in this work, frits with molar ratios of MgO:TiO2:P2O5 = 20:32:24 and an extra addition of CuO (0, 8, 16, and 24 mol%) were first prepared by melt water‐quenching method. The frits were further heat‐ and acid‐treated, forming porous anatase consisting of nanosheets. The study showed that the CuO‐containing samples had increasing crystallization of anatase and even the crystallization of CuO nano‐rods. The easy dissolution of CuO nano‐rods and the abundant grain boundaries in the heat‐treated samples provided path for the acid‐leaching and greatly accelerated the selective dissolution of the crystallized samples, reducing the acid‐leaching time from 48 h for the CuO‐free sample to 3 h for the sample containing 24 mol% CuO to form a similar porous structure. The preformed anatase acted as nucleus to induce the in situ growth of anatase nanosheets. As a result, CuO greatly fastened the formation of porous anatase, making the industrial production of porous anatase possible.
Effectiveness of internet‐based self‐management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Li Ya‐Jie , Lu Han‐Bing , Song Chun‐Yu , Yang Ting‐Ting , Xie Jiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the effectiveness of internet‐based self‐management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesEight electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang and Weipu databases were systematically searched from inception of the database to January 10, 2022.MethodsStatistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and results were reported as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Outcomes were the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced volume capacity (FVC) and percent of FEV1/FVC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The study protocol was not registered.ResultsEight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 476 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta‐analysis. It was found that internet‐based self‐management interventions showed a significant improvement in FVC(L), while FEV1 (%), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%) and FVC (%) did not significantly improve.ConclusionsInternet‐based self‐management interventions were effective in improving pulmonary function in patients with COPD, caution should be exercised in interpreting the results. RCTs of higher quality are needed in the future to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt provides evidence for internet‐based self‐management interventions in improving pulmonary function in patients with COPD.ImpactThe results suggested that internet‐based self‐management interventions could improve the pulmonary function in people with COPD. This study provides a promising alternative method for patients with COPD who have difficulty seeking face‐to‐face self‐management interventions, and the intervention can be applied in clinical settings.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.