bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Pea pods biochar-NH2 (PBN) for the adsorption of toxic Cr6+ ion from aqueous solution
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Yılmaz Murat , Ragab Safaa , Al-Mur Bandar A. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChromium (Cr) ion is regarded as a particularly hazardous contaminant due to its high toxicity and potential carcinogens. The Cr6+ ions were removed in the current work using a new fabricated low-cost adsorbent called Pea pods biochar-NH2 (PBN). PBN was characterized using BET, BJH, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, XPS and EDX. The surface area and the pore size of PBN were decreased due to the amination process on the pea pods’ biochar-H2O2 (PBO). Optimized condition of different parameters of Cr6+ ions adsorption by PBN was observed at the pH 1.5, contact time (180 min), starting concentration (100 mg/L), and 0.1 g of PBN. The maximal adsorption capacity (Qm) of PBN is 384.62 mg/g. Different error models were used to test the isotherm models’ results. The mechanism of the adsorption was proposed based on the XPS analysis. The adsorption process had an R2 value of 0.999 as the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm (FIM) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSOM) models. These obtained data explored that the generated PBN can be a novel, cost-effective material for the adsorption of Cr6+ ions from an aqueous solution.
Influence of the pyrolysis temperature on fresh and pelletised chicken litter with focus on sustainable production and utilisation of biochar
Authors: Simbolon Luga Martin , Pandey Daya Shankar , Horvat Alen , Leahy James J. , Tassou Savvas A. , Kwapinska Marzena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study focused on determining the influence of temperature (500–700 °C) during pyrolysis of pelletised chicken litter (PCL) and fresh chicken litter (FCL). The composition of all pyrolysis products was analysed, and their potential applications were discussed. An analysis of phosphorus speciation in FCL and PCL along with their derived biochars revealed that the share of water-soluble phosphorus was greatly reduced in the biochar, implying lower risk of eutrophication in agricultural applications of biochar when used as a soil improver. Indeed, water-soluble phosphorus decreased from 60% for PCL to as low as 3% for the biochars. In addition, the concentration of other nutrients and heavy metals in biochar, and its potential for agriculture application was discussed. Heavy metals content was below the upper limits set out in the European Fertilising Products Regulation only for biochars produced at 500 °C, but biochars produced at higher temperatures did not meet the limits for Zn and Ni content. The energy balance analysis showed that pelletisation of chicken litter is not necessary, as the properties of both PCL and FCL allow for energetically sustainable pyrolysis when hot pyrolysis gas is combusted, and biochar recovered for nutrient recycling.
Flexible labour policies as competitive advantage
Authors: Antunes Francisco , Pereira Leandro F. , Dias Álvaro L. , da Silva Rui Vinhas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the constant changes in the expectations and needs of employees have accelerated the implementation of labour flexibility policies by companies. Currently, there is some uncertainty in the literature about the real benefits of adopting these policies, hence the relevance of this research, which aims to assess whether they represent a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This research used a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews with human resource managers to analyse the impact of labour flexibility policies on a firm's competitive advantage using the VRIO framework. The study found that while employees view labour flexibility as beneficial to their work-life balance and job satisfaction, from the perspective of firms, these policies may be valuable but do not provide a distinct competitive advantage. Consequently, companies need to consider these policies when developing strategies to maintain their competitiveness and market position.
The Use of Illicit Drugs in Therapy: an Introduction
Authors: Ross Anna , Hawthorn Jake 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The use of certain illicit substances as a form of therapy, and particularly as an adjunct to psychotherapy, has gained increasing media and academic attention over the last decade, culminating in what has been coined “the psychedelic renaissance.” This section in Current Addiction Reports has been developed in order to highlight the new and emerging research around these and related substances, and how they may be effective in treating not just “problematic” substance use itself but also some of the underlying causes such as trauma-related disorders, depression, and anxiety. It will also consider the therapeutic use of other still largely illicit sub-stances such as cannabis, heroin-assisted treatment, and the prescribing of stimulants for stimulant addiction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the section “illicit drugs in therapy” and to highlight the links between the different disciplines involved in addiction research.

Recent Findings
Generally speaking, research on substance use focuses on single substances and excludes underlying comorbid mental health conditions or other underlying factors. In the social sciences this link has been developing for some time (cf. Journal of Addiction and Mental Health). However, it is increasingly being recognized in clinical addiction science that addiction often occurs alongside other factors such as mental health conditions, trauma, and poverty, and that many people will use more than one substance, known as polysubstance use. The recent resurgence in the use of illicit substances in the treatment of addiction has sparked an interest in the addiction research field: landmark studies included two proof-of-concept studies—psilocybin-assisted therapy for smoking cessation at Johns Hopkins University and psilocybin-assisted therapy for alcohol addiction trial at the University of New Mexico.

Summary
This review therefore introduces core concepts, terms, and historical development in order to highlight the emerging research in this area, and to encourage further reviews on research specific to illicit substances in therapy.
A Generalized (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation in Liquid with Gas Bubbles: Symmetry Reductions; Exact Solutions; Conservation Laws
Authors: Adem A. R. , Podile T. J. , Muatjetjeja B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe analysis of a generalised (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation that simulates a variety of nonlinear processes that occur in liquids including gas bubbles will be performed. After some cosmetic adjustments to the underlying equation, this generalised (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation naturally degenerates into the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation, and the Korteweg-de Vries equation. To completely investigate this fundamental equation, a clear and rigorous technique is used. In order to obtain innovative symmetry reductions, group invariant solutions, conservation laws, and eventually kink wave solutions, the Lie symmetry, multiplier, and simplest equation methods are used. Complex waves and their dealing dynamics in fluids can be well imitated by the verdicts.
Application of Mixed Reality to Ultrasound-guided Femoral Arterial Cannulation During Real-time Practice in Cardiac Interventions
Authors: Alonso-Felipe Miguel , Aguiar-Pérez Javier Manuel , Pérez-Juárez María Ángeles , Baladrón Carlos , Peral-Oliveira Julio , Amat-Santos Ignacio J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMixed reality opens interesting possibilities as it allows physicians to interact with both, the real physical and the virtual computer-generated environment and objects, in a powerful way. A mixed reality system, based in the HoloLens 2 glasses, has been developed to assist cardiologists in a quite complex interventional procedure: the ultrasound-guided femoral arterial cannulations, during real-time practice in interventional cardiology. The system is divided into two modules, the transmitter module, responsible for sending medical images to HoloLens 2 glasses, and the receiver module, hosted in the HoloLens 2, which renders those medical images, allowing the practitioner to watch and manage them in a 3D environment. The system has been successfully used, between November 2021 and August 2022, in up to 9 interventions by 2 different practitioners, in a large public hospital in central Spain. The practitioners using the system confirmed it as easy to use, reliable, real-time, reachable, and cost-effective, allowing a reduction of operating times, a better control of typical errors associated to the interventional procedure, and opening the possibility to use the medical imagery produced in ubiquitous e-learning. These strengths and opportunities were only nuanced by the risk of potential medical complications emerging from system malfunction or operator errors when using the system (e.g., unexpected momentary lag). In summary, the proposed system can be taken as a realistic proof of concept of how mixed reality technologies can support practitioners when performing interventional and surgical procedures during real-time daily practice.
Non-associated and Non-quadratic Characteristics in Plastic Anisotropy of Automotive Lightweight Sheet Metals
Authors: Hou Yong , Min Junying , Lee Myoung-Gyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLightweight sheet metals are highly desirable for automotive applications due to their exceptional strength-to-density ratio. An accurate description of the pronounced plastic anisotropy exhibited by these materials in finite element analysis requires advanced plasticity models. In recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing plasticity models and numerical analysis methods based on the non-associated flow rule (non-AFR). In this work, a newly proposed coupled quadratic and non-quadratic model under non-AFR is utilized to comprehensively investigate the non-associated and non-quadratic characteristics during the yielding of three lightweight sheet metals, i.e., dual-phase steel DP980, TRIP-assisted steel QP980, and aluminum alloy AA5754-O. These materials are subjected to various proportional loading paths, including uniaxial tensile tests with a 15° increment, uniaxial compressive tests with a 45° increment, in-plane torsion tests, and biaxial tensile tests using laser-deposited arm-strengthened cruciform specimens. Results show that the non-AFR approach provides an effective means for accurately modeling the yield behavior, including yield stresses and the direction of plastic strain rates, simultaneously, utilizing two separate functions and a simple calibration procedure. The introduction of the non-quadratic plastic potential reduces the average errors in angle when predicting plastic strain directions by the quadratic plastic potential function. Specifically, for DP980, the average error is reduced from 3.1° to 0.9°, for QP980 it is reduced from 6.1° to 3.9°, and for AA5754-O it is reduced from 7.0° to 0.2°. This highlights the importance of considering the non-quadratic characteristic in plasticity modeling, especially for aluminum alloys such as AA5754-O.
Agreement Between Self- and Proxy-Reports of Nurses’ Post-Traumatic Growth in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Is Perceived Growth a Reality or an Illusion?
Authors: Vitorino Catarina , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Caçador Maria Inês , Carona Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe extent to which a traumatic event becomes central to one’s identity and life story may influence both negative and positive outcomes. In the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, nurses have been showing positive transformations. However, research is not consistent about whether self-reported personal growth is real or just an illusion. The present study aimed to ascertain the level of agreement between nurses’ self- and proxy-reported post-traumatic growth (PTG). Furthermore, it intended to analyze the association between nurses’ perceived centrality and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, and their self-/proxy-reported PTG. The global sample included 51 dyads. Nurses completed self-reported instruments to evaluate perceived centrality and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, as well as PTG. A proxy version of the PTG Inventory was used to assess significant others’ appraisals of nurses’ PTG. Overall, there were no differences between self- and proxy-reports of PTG, except for spiritual change. Nurses’ perceived centrality of the pandemic outbreak and impact of event were associated with self-reported PTG. Centrality and impact of the COVID-19 were not significantly correlated with proxy-reports of PTG, except for personal strength. Despite the considerable variability in the observed findings depending on the statistical analysis conducted (i.e., group versus individual level), the corroboration of nurses’ reports of PTG by significant others lends strong support to the notion that positive transformations after traumatic events are real. These findings highlight the relevance of integrating both positive and negative dimensions of adaptation when constructing psychological interventions for nurses, in the aftermath of COVID-19 outbreak.
Analysis of a beta-lactam allergy assessment protocol challenging diverse reported allergies managed by an antimicrobial stewardship program
Authors: Jacobs Max W. , Bremmer Derek N. , Shively Nathan R. , Moffa Matthew A. , Trienski Tamara L. , Carr Dustin R. , Buchanan Carley A. , Walsh Thomas L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel beta-lactam allergy assessment algorithm managed by an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) team.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
One quaternary referral teaching hospital and one tertiary care teaching hospital in a large western Pennsylvania health network.

Patients or participants:
Patients who received a beta-lactam challenge dose under the beta-lactam allergy assessment algorithm.

Interventions:
A beta-lactam allergy assessment protocol was designed and implemented by an ASP team. The protocol risk stratified patients’ reported allergies to identify patients appropriate for a challenge with a beta-lactam antibiotic. This retrospective analysis assessed the safety and efficacy of this protocol among patients receiving a challenge dose from November 2017 to July 2021.

Results:
Over a 45-month period, 119 total patients with either penicillin or cephalosporin allergies entered the protocol. Following a challenge dose, 106 (89.1%) patients were treated with a beta-lactam. Eleven patients had adverse reactions to a challenge dose, one of which required escalation of care to the intensive care unit. Of the patients with an unknown or low-risk reported allergy, 7/66 (10.6%) had an observed adverse reaction compared to 3/42 (7.1%) who had an observed reaction with a reported high-risk or anaphylactic allergy.

Conclusions:
Our implemented protocol was safe and effective, with over 90% of patients tolerating the challenge without incident and many going on to receive indicated beta-lactam therapy. This protocol may serve as a framework for other inpatient ASP teams to implement a low-barrier allergy assessment led by ASP teams.
Enforcing economic sanctions by tarnishing corporate reputations
Authors: Preble Keith A. , Early Bryan R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat strategies work best for enforcing sanctions? Sanctions enforcement agencies like the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) face resource limitations and political constraints in punishing domestic firms for violating sanctions. Beyond monetary fines, sanctions enforcement actions also serve a “naming and shaming” function that tarnishes violators’ reputations. Larger, higher-profile companies tend have much more at stake in terms of their reputations than smaller or less well-known firms. At the same time, punishing higher-profile companies for sanctions violations is likely to generate more publicity about the risks and potential consequences of not complying with sanctions. We theorize that OFAC should impose larger fines on high-profile companies to draw attention to those cases, make the enforcement actions more memorable, and enhance the reputational costs that they inflict. We conduct a statistical analysis of OFAC enforcement actions from 2010 to 2021 and find support for our theory.
Perinatal depression and implementation of the “Thinking Healthy program” support intervention in an impoverished setting of Lima, Peru: Assessment before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aguilar Margot , Contreras Carmen , Raviola Giuseppe , Sepúlveda Alejandra , Espinoza Maricielo , Moran Leydi , Ramos Lourdes , Peinado Jesús , Lecca Leonid , Pedersen Gloria A. , Kohrt Brandon A. , Galea Jerome T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Socios En Salud (SES) implemented the Thinking Healthy program (THP) to support women with perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima Norte. We carried out an analysis of the in-person (5 modules) and remote (1 module) THP intervention. Depression was detected using PHQ-9, and THP sessions were delivered in women with a score (PHQ-9 ≥ 5). Depression was reassessed and pre- and post-scores were compared. In the pre-pandemic cohort, perinatal depression was 25.4% (47/185), 47 women received THP and 27 were reassessed (57.4%), and the PHQ-9 score median decreased from 8 to 2, p < 0.001. In the pandemic cohort, perinatal depression was 47.5% (117/247), 117 women received THP and 89 were reassessed (76.1%), and the PHQ-9 score median decreased from 7 to 2, p < 0.001. THP’s modalities helped to reduce perinatal depression. Pregnant women who received a module remotely also reduced depression.
Health and Disease: Between Naturalism and Normativism
Authors: Thorell Amanda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditionally, the debate about health and disease is characterized as an opposition between naturalism and normativism. However, recent contributions show that theories of health and disease need not be purely naturalistic or normative but may be located somewhere in between. The first purpose of this article is to further advance this line of nuancing. The second purpose is to argue in favor of a specific position, which the added nuances reveal. I call this position subjectively salient naturalism. If one is interested in scientific concepts of health and disease, subjectively salient naturalism is a more plausible position than naturalism.
Long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy on brain structure in major depression
Authors: Borgers Tiana , Enneking Verena , Klug Melissa , Garbe Jasper , Meinert Hannah , Wulle Marius , König Philine , Zwiky Esther , Herrmann Rebekka , Selle Janine , Dohm Katharina , Kraus Anna , Grotegerd Dominik , Repple Jonathan , Opel Nils , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Gruber Marius , Goltermann Janik , Meinert Susanne , Bauer Jochen , Heindel Walter , Kavakbasi Erhan , Baune Bernhard T. , Dannlowski Udo , Redlich Ronny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) have predominantly found short-term electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-related gray matter volume (GMV) increases, but research on the long-term stability of such changes is missing. Our aim was to investigate long-term GMV changes over a 2-year period after ECT administration and their associations with clinical outcome.MethodsIn this nonrandomized longitudinal study, patients with MDD undergoing ECT (n = 17) are assessed three times by structural MRI: Before ECT (t0), after ECT (t1) and 2 years later (t2). A healthy (n = 21) and MDD non-ECT (n = 33) control group are also measured three times within an equivalent time interval. A 3(group) × 3(time) ANOVA on whole-brain level and correlation analyses with clinical outcome variables is performed.ResultsAnalyses yield a significant group × time interaction (pFWE < 0.001) resulting from significant volume increases from t0 to t1 and decreases from t1 to t2 in the ECT group, e.g., in limbic areas. There are no effects of time in both control groups. Volume increases from t0 to t1 correlate with immediate and delayed symptom increase, while volume decreases from t1 to t2 correlate with long-term depressive outcome (all p ⩽ 0.049).ConclusionsVolume increases induced by ECT appear to be a transient phenomenon as volume strongly decreased 2 years after ECT. Short-term volume increases are associated with less symptom improvement suggesting that the antidepressant effect of ECT is not due to volume changes. Larger volume decreases are associated with poorer long-term outcome highlighting the interplay between disease progression and structural changes.
Consider the hubris syndrome for inclusion in our classification systems
Authors: Selten Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuccessful leaders are at risk of developing exaggerated pride, contempt for others, and a diminished sense of reality. The ancient Greeks feared this syndrome and called it hubris. Although certain contemporaneous leaders show signs of hubris and pose a great danger, the hubris syndrome does not yet figure in our classification systems. The purpose of this paper is to examine several aspects of its validity, including clinical description, laboratory study, and exclusion of other disorders. Firstly, a substantial body of evidence indicates that the hubris syndrome may develop after a person has held substantial power for a considerable amount of time. Thus, the syndrome differs from a personality disorder with its characteristic onset in late adolescence or early adulthood. It is proposed, therefore, that the syndrome is a non-organic personality change after gaining substantial power or achieving overwhelming success, characterized by the emergence or marked increase of pathological personality traits within the domains of dissociality and disinhibition. Within the domain of dissociality, grandiosity is an obligatory trait. Secondly, with reference to laboratory study, recent evidence suggests that machine learning algorithms have the ability to differentiate hubristic from non-hubristic speech patterns. Thirdly, the exclusion of other disorders is difficult, because individuals with the hubris syndrome do not collaborate in any investigation. Some suggestions are made to overcome this problem. In conclusion, there is sufficient reason to further examine the validity of the hubris syndrome and to consider it for inclusion in our classification systems.
On the size of maximal intersecting families
Authors: Zakharov Dmitrii 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe show that an
$n$
-uniform maximal intersecting family has size at most
$e^{-n^{0.5+o(1)}}n^n$
. This improves a recent bound by Frankl ((2019) Comb. Probab. Comput.28(5) 733–739.). The Spread Lemma of Alweiss et al. ((2020) Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing.) plays an important role in the proof.
Free Will: Helen Steward Interviewed by Stephen Law
Authors: Steward Helen , Law Stephen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDo we have free will? In this interview, Helen Steward explains part of her very distinctive approach to the philosophical puzzle concerning free will vs determinism. Steward rejects determinism, but not because she denies that we are not material beings (because, for example, we have Cartesian, immaterial souls that have physical effects). Her reasons for rejecting determinism are very different.