bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate from nipa sap using Cupriavidus necator DSM545
Authors: Huzir NM , Aslan AKHN , Rosly MB , Hussin MH , Amin ANR , Tamunaidu P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate or PHA is produced through microbial fermentation of sugar and lipid where in nature it is stored as energy and carbon source for microorganisms. Most of the carbon feedstock used for PHA production are derived from biomass as they remain the cheapest carbon source to date. In this study, nipa palm sap was proposed as an alternative carbon feedstock since it is underutilized and widely distributed along river estuaries in Malaysia. This nipa sap contains high sugar content and essential nutrients which are required for PHA production. The aim of this work was to explore potential of nipa sap as a carbon source and to investigate effect of added and non-added nutrient nipa media on PHA production during batch fermentation using Cupriavidus necator DSM545. Extraction of PHA using chloroform showed that 2 g/L of PHA was recovered when nipa added with nutrient was used while nipa only media produced 2.16 g/L of PHA. All the samples showed presence of PHA carbonyl band (C=O) from extracted PHA granules by using FTIR while peak obtained using UV Spectrophotometer confirmed the presence of PHA. These findings proved that nipa palm sap as a novel and alternative carbon source for PHA production.
Empowering women for disaster risk reduction: a case study of geologically based disaster at Yan, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Tobi S U M , Razak K A , Siow Y M , Ramlee L H S , Aris N A M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effects of disaster impact all levels of society equally. However, both men and women response to disaster differently. It is critical to acknowledge that both genders have different roles, responsibilities, access, and control over resources as well as how they are affected by crisis and disaster. This paper seeks to build an initial understanding on the importance of gender perspective through review of literature and single case study of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) program conducted at Yan, Kedah. Data was collected through survey questionnaires and focus group discussion with women that had experienced the geological disaster that occurred on the 18th of August 2021. The findings revealed that even though women and girls are more vulnerable to disasters and climate change, they also contribute vital information, skills, resources, and experiences to disaster risk reduction. These abilities are underutilised and are mostly missing from the creation of resilience strategies and decision-making processes for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and recovery process of the disaster cycle. It is the responsibility of the national governments not only to identify these vulnerabilities but also to build the resilience of women and children to lessen disaster impact in the future.
Analysis on seismic control strategies for structural control device: A comparative study
Authors: Mamat N , Othman M F , Yakub F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper explores various control strategies proposed by researchers from decades ago in controlling the building structural system. It focuses on hybrid mass dampers used by many researchers in their previous work because the implementation of this device needs an excellent control strategy to provide a better performance in suppressing building vibration. The suitable choice of control strategy in structural control is important in giving the best structure response to withstand an earthquake or strong wind. Based on previous structure and control strategies, a simulation for a two-storey building structure system equipped with a hybrid mass damper at the top building has been conducted. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), Sliding mode controller (SMC) and fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) are used to suppress the building structure vibration during an earthquake by giving input from seismic excitation taken from El Centro earthquake. The simulation result shows that FSMC technique provides better performance compared to FLC and SMC in suppressing the building vibration based on the displacement response and frequency response. This paper concludes with the problems left and recommendations for structural control improvement.
Tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced polylactic acid bio-composites: effect of different types of modification methods
Authors: Çevik Elen Nurhan , Yıldırım Musa , Kanbur Yasin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, green composites are prepared with 30 wt.% hemp fibers reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) to enhance the impact and tribological properties. Different surface treatments of alkali and silane, compatibilizer of maleic anhydride (MA), and blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly (butylene succinate) were applied to improve interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix. Hemp-reinforced PLA bio-composites were fabricated and characterized by hardness, impact strength, wear, and friction properties. The tribological tests of the injection-molded components were performed under two different loads (10 N and 20 N) as dry-sliding linearly reciprocating motion per ASTM G133. Modified composites gave better tribological properties than unmodified composites. While no remarkable improvement was observed in the hardness value of untreated fiber-reinforced composite, alkali-treated composite reached up to 43% improvement in hardness value. In general, as the load increased, weight loss increase was observed in all composites. Unmodified bio-composite exhibited a very low weight loss and specific wear rate (SWR) compared to neat PLA under 10 N load. The SWR of the MA bio-composite had the lowest value for both loads (10 N and 20 N) compared to the other bio-samples. The TPU blended bio-composite exhibited the highest impact strength (22.96 kJ m−2) after pure PLA (26.5 kJ m−2). Therefore, due to surface treatments and blends applied to the fibers, some composites’ hardness and wear resistance were increased while the impact strength and friction coefficient was decreased. Especially silane surface treatment and MA compatibilizer application increased the wear resistance of composites. When the scanning electron microscope images were examined, it was revealed that the fiber and matrix interface bonding was good, and the fibers were firmly embedded in the matrix. Furthermore, forming a protective thin film layer formed by the polymer debris from the surface during dry-sliding increased the wear performance of the bio-composites.
Review of Botulinum Toxin Uptake and Novel Theory Regarding Potential Spread Days After Injection
Authors: Siperstein Robyn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Although most clinicians agree that diffusion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) occurs, its extent, timeline, and clinical importance have been debated. A literature search on PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) was done up to January 15, 2023, which included the following search terms: botulinum toxin A uptake; botulinum toxin A diffusion; and botulinum spread. A total of 421 publication titles were found and analyzed. Based on titles, the author selected 54 publications as potentially applicable and reviewed each 1 in depth, along with its supporting references. There are several publications that support a novel theory that small amounts of BoNT can remain in the area days after injection and spread to adjacent muscles. Although current thinking is that BoNT is completely taken up within hours, making its spread days after injection of BoNT not a plausible theory, the following literature review and case report support a novel theory.

Level of Evidence: 5
SCMcluster: a high-precision cell clustering algorithm integrating marker gene set with single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhou Haoru , Zhou Bing , Wang Meili 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Single-cell clustering is the most significant part of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. One main issue facing the scRNA-seq data is noise and sparsity, which poses a great challenge for the advance of high-precision clustering algorithms. This study adopts cellular markers to identify differences between cells, which contributes to feature extraction of single cells. In this work, we propose a high-precision single-cell clustering algorithm-SCMcluster (single-cell cluster using marker genes). This algorithm integrates two cell marker databases(CellMarker database and PanglaoDB database) with scRNA-seq data for feature extraction and constructs an ensemble clustering model based on the consensus matrix. We test the efficiency of this algorithm and compare it with other eight popular clustering algorithms on two scRNA-seq datasets derived from human and mouse tissues, respectively. The experimental results show that SCMcluster outperforms the existing methods in both feature extraction and clustering performance. The source code of SCMcluster is available for free at https://github.com/HaoWuLab-Bioinformatics/SCMcluster.
Italian practices in German lute tablature &#x2028;manuscripts, c.1500: practical script appearance
Authors: Schöning Kateryna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article considers two manuscript lute tablatures—PL-WRk 352 and A-Wn Mus. Hs. 18827, both of which circulated in southern Germany and northern Italy in the 1530s and 40s—from the perspective of their function as performing manuscripts and portable travelling notebooks. The focus is on the transfer of Italian lute practices to the German regions, based on the study of notation. The analysis of prescriptive and descriptive notation, and also of the scribes’ manner of working with tablature prints and other manuscripts as models, demonstrates the coherence of print and manuscript culture at the time, as well as a flexible approach to the interaction of improvised playing and detailed notation. This continuity can be shown for the period from about 1500 to the 1540s. The two German manuscripts were based on northern Italian lute practices: not merely in the repertory itself, but also in its treatment and in the manner of recording it in the form of copies or prescriptively notated music entries. These results significantly expand and enrich our ideas about early lute practice in southern German regions.
Historical perspectives on the 2022 electoral cycle in France
Authors: Chabal Emile , Behrent Michael C , Van Renterghem Marion 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This series of three essays explores the stakes and outcomes of the 2022 French electoral cycle. Written in real time, they call attention to several emerging trends in French politics, including the collapse of both the traditional political parties and the left–right divide, the dynamics of attraction and repulsion elicited by Macron’s personality, the far right’s ‘arrival’ as a mainstream party, and the cascading fractures that divide and weaken the left.
Breast Imaging Research: Tips for Obtaining Funding and Sustaining a Successful Career
Authors: Lawson Marissa B , Lee Christoph I , Partridge Savannah C , Rahbar Habib 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many factors are involved in the successful development of early career breast imaging radiologists into independent investigators conducting impactful research. Key basic prerequisites for success include a motivated and resilient radiologist, institutional and departmental commitment to supporting early career physician-scientists, strong mentorship, and a flexible strategy for extramural funding that accounts for individualized professional goals. In this review, we describe these factors in greater detail, providing a practical overview for residents, fellows, and junior faculty who are interested in an academic career as a breast imaging radiologist engaged in original scientific research. We also describe the essential pieces of grant applications and summarize the professional milestones for early career physician-scientists as they look toward promotion to associate professor and sustained extramural funding.
The mechanism of efferocytosis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and its possible therapeutic strategies
Authors: Huang Zhanyu , Zhao Qingtong , Jiang Xinrong , Li Zejian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues, and its etiology is related to several systemic factors. At present, the destruction of periodontal tissues is considered to be the result of inflammation resolution disorders. Efferocytosis plays an important role in the resolution of inflammation, and defective efferocytosis is an essential factor in the persistence of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this review will describe the mechanisms involved in the efferocytosis of macrophages in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to provide new ideas for future periodontal treatment.
Catfish Epidermal Club Cell Morphologic and Immunologic Attributes: Heterogeneous S-100 Immunoreactivity and Possible Neuroendocrine Function
Authors: Awad Mahmoud , Mohamedien Dalia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fish epidermis (EP) contains several cell types, and it has several functional roles, though the secretory role prevails. The alarm or epidermal club cells (ECCs) represent a voluminous immune cell secreting an alarm substance. Our work targeted the histochemical and immunologic attributes of the ECCs in catfish. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) immunostaining revealed strong immunoreactive signals in the cytoplasm of all ECCs, while S-100 protein immunoreactivity selectively marked the ECCs. Individual ECCs exhibit intense S-100 immunoreactivity compared to neighboring ECCs. The difference in the intensity of the S-100 immunostaining was associated with the difference in the ECC size. This was confirmed by the semithin results where several developmental stages of ECCs could be distinguished. Some eosinophilic granular cells with their characteristic metachromatic granules were recorded juxtaposing the ECCs. Moreover, some free electron-dense granules could be demonstrated in the intercellular spaces surrounding the ECCs. Collectively, these findings suggest several functional profiles for the catfish ECCs depending on their developmental stage. Most importantly, S-100 immunoreactivity in the ECCs suggests its neuroendocrine function. Moreover, the difference in the intensity and polar distribution of S-100 staining is a sign of its role in the differentiation of the ECCs.
Analysis of Female Participant Representation in Registered Oncology Clinical Trials in the United States from 2008 to 2020
Authors: Perera Nirosha D , Bellomo Tiffany R , Schmidt Walker M , Litt Henry K , Shyu Margaret , Stavins MaKenna A , Wang Max M , Bell Alexander , Saleki Massoud , Wolf Katherine I , Ionescu Ruxandra , Tao Jacqueline J , Ji Sunjong , O’Keefe Ryan M , Pun Matthew , Takasugi Jordan M , Steinberg Jecca R , Go Ronald S , Turner Brandon E , Mahipal Amit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Female underrepresentation in oncology clinical trials can result in outcome disparities. We evaluated female participant representation in US oncology trials by intervention type, cancer site, and funding.

Materials and Methods
Data were extracted from the publicly available Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database. Initially, 270,172 studies were identified. Following the exclusion of trials using Medical Subject Heading terms, manual review, those with incomplete status, non-US location, sex-specific organ cancers, or lacking participant sex data, 1650 trials consisting of 240,776 participants remained. The primary outcome was participation to prevalence ratio (PPR): percent females among trial participants divided by percent females in the disease population per US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data. PPRs of 0.8-1.2 reflect proportional female representation.

Results
Females represented 46.9% of participants (95% CI, 45.4-48.4); mean PPR for all trials was 0.912. Females were underrepresented in surgical (PPR 0.74) and other invasive (PPR 0.69) oncology trials. Among cancer sites, females were underrepresented in bladder (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91, P = .02), head/neck (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.68, P &lt; .01), stomach (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23-0.70, P &lt; .01), and esophageal (OR 0.40 95% CI 0.22-0.74, P &lt; .01) trials. Hematologic (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.09-1.82, P &lt; .01) and pancreatic (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46-3.26, P &lt; .01) trials had higher odds of proportional female representation. Industry-funded trials had greater odds of proportional female representation (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82, P = .01) than US government and academic-funded trials.

Conclusions
Stakeholders should look to hematologic, pancreatic, and industry-funded cancer trials as exemplars of female participant representation and consider female representation when interpreting trial results.
Patient Engagement With Early Stage Advance Care Planning at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Zhukovsky Donna S , Soliman Pamela , Liu Diane , Meyer Margaret , Haider Ali , Heung Yvonne , Gaeta Susan , Lu Karen , Stepan Karen , Stanton Penny , Rodriguez Alma , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Establishing care preferences and selecting a prepared medical decision-maker (MDM) are basic components of advance care planning (ACP) and integral to treatment planning. Systematic ACP in the cancer setting is uncommon. We evaluated a systematic social work (SW)-driven process for patient selection of a prepared MDM.

Methods
We used a pre/post design, centered on SW counseling incorporated into standard-of-care practice. New patients with gynecologic malignancies were eligible if they had an available family caregiver or an established Medical Power of Attorney (MPOA). Questionnaires were completed at baseline and 3 months to ascertain MPOA document (MPOAD) completion status (primary objective) and evaluate factors associated with MPOAD completion (secondary objectives).

Results
Three hundred and sixty patient/caregiver dyads consented to participate. One hundred and sixteen (32%) had MPOADs at baseline. Twenty (8%) of the remaining 244 dyads completed MPOADs by 3 months. Two hundred and thirty-six patients completed the values and goals survey at both baseline and follow-up: at follow-up, care preferences were stable in 127 patients (54%), changed toward more aggressive care in 60 (25%), and toward the focus on the quality of life in 49 (21%). Correlation between the patient’s values and goals and their caregiver’s/MPOA’s perception was very weak at baseline, improving to moderate at follow-up. Patients with MPOADs by study completion had statistically significant higher ACP Engagement scores than those without.

Conclusion
A systematic SW-driven intervention did not engage new patients with gynecologic cancers to select and prepare MDMs. Change in care preferences was common, with caregivers’ knowledge of patients’ treatment preferences moderate at best.
Quantification of the spatial–temporal patterns of great ideas
Authors: Li Xiaokai , Zhang Peng , Zeng An 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantitative understanding of the process of knowledge creation is crucial for accelerating the advance of science. Recent years have witnessed a great effort to address this issue by studying the publication data of scientific journals, leading to a variety of surprising discoveries at both individual level and disciplinary level. However, before scientific journals appeared on a large scale and became the mainstream for publishing research results, there are also intellectual achievements that have changed the world, which have usually become classic and are now referred to as the great ideas of great people. So far, little is known about the general law of their birth. In this paper, we reference Wikipedia and academic history books to collect 2001 magnum opuses as representations of great ideas, covering nine disciplines. Using the year and place of publication of these magnum opuses, we show that the birth of great ideas is very concentrated in geography, and more concentrated than other human activities such as contemporary knowledge production. We construct a spatial–temporal bipartite network to study the similarity of output structures between different historical periods and discover the existence of a Great Transformation around the 1870s, which may be associated with the rise of the US in academia. Finally, we re-rank cities and historical periods by employing an iterative approach to study cities’ leadership and historical periods’ prosperity.
How to Express Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Unnsteinsson Elmar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
I argue that what speakers mean or express can be determined by their implicit or unconscious states, rather than explicit or conscious states. Further, on this basis, I show that the sincerity conditions for utterances can also be fixed by implicit states. This is a surprising result, which goes against common assumptions about speech acts and sincerity. Roughly, I argue that the result is implied by two plausible and independent theories of the metaphysics of speaker meaning and, further, that this is a robust basis on which to make an inference, with a fair degree of confidence, about the relationship between expression and implicit attitudes.
Unusual clinical presentations in leprosy: a case series and review
Authors: Sawatkar Gitesh Upendra , Sharma Apoorva , Keshavamurthy Vinay , Mehta Hitaishi , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTConventionally, leprosy has been divided into various spectra of presentation ranging from the tuberculoid to the lepromatous pole, as well as histoid, pure neuritic leprosy and reactional states. This however is an oversimplification as leprosy can present in unusual clinical forms that may obfuscate the diagnosis. Our objective was to highlight unusual clinical presentations of leprosy occurring across all spectra of the disease. Our case series describes eight uncommon presentations of leprosy seen over a period of 10 y from 2011 to 2021, wherein clinical diagnosis followed by a histopathological confirmation of leprosy was performed. These include rare presentations such as psoriasiform plaques, Lazarine leprosy, verrucous plaques and hypertrophic scarring. Many of these rare presentations remain hitherto unreported, such as primary hypogonadism and annular plaques mimicking erythema annulare centrifugum and erythema gyratum repens. Sarcoidosis and syphilis have been labeled as great mimickers in dermatology. The current case series and review is an attempt to highlight a multitude of unusual presentations of leprosy that need a separate mention to make a correct and timely diagnosis and prevent the debilitating sequelae of this otherwise treatable infectious disease.