bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, drought response, and climate‐associated genomic structure in whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada of California
Authors: van Mantgem Phillip J. , Milano Elizabeth R. , Dudney Joan , Nesmith Jonathan C. B. , Vandergast Amy G. , Zald Harold S. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) has experienced rapid population declines and is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in the United States. Whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada of California represents the southernmost end of the species' distribution and, like other portions of its range, faces threats from an introduced pathogen, native bark beetles, and a rapidly warming climate. Beyond these chronic stressors, there is also concern about how this species will respond to acute stressors, such as drought. We present patterns of stem growth from 766 large (average diameter at breast height >25 cm), disease‐free whitebark pine across the Sierra Nevada before and during a recent period of drought. We contextualize growth patterns using population genomic diversity and structure from a subset of 327 trees. Sampled whitebark pine generally had positive to neutral stem growth trends from 1970 to 2011, which was positively correlated with minimum temperature and precipitation. Indices of stem growth during drought years (2012 to 2015) relative to a predrought interval were mostly positive to neutral at our sampled sites. Individual tree growth response phenotypes appeared to be linked to genotypic variation in climate‐associated loci, suggesting that some genotypes can take better advantage of local climatic conditions than others. We speculate that reduced snowpack during the 2012 to 2015 drought years may have lengthened the growing season while retaining sufficient moisture to maintain growth at most study sites. Growth responses may differ under future warming, however, particularly if drought severity increases and modifies interactions with pests and pathogens.
Electrochemical performance and impedance of a conical pore in the low–Pt PEM fuel cell catalyst layer
Authors: Kulikovsky Andrei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA model for the transient electrochemical performance of a conical pore in the cathode catalyst layer of a low–Pt PEM fuel cell is developed. The pore is separated from the Pt surface by a thin ionomer film. A transient equation for the oxygen diffusion along the pore coupled to the proton conservation equation in the ionomer film is derived. Numerical solution of the static equations shows superior electrochemical performance of a conical pore as compared to cylindrical pore with equivalent electrochemically active surface area. Equations for the pore impedance are derived by linearization and Fourier–transform of transient equations. The conical pore impedance is calculated and compared to the impedance of equivalent cylindrical pore. It is shown that the pore shape affects the frequency dependence of impedance.
The influence of biochar supported nano‐zero valent iron on the anaerobic digestion of sulfate wastewater
Authors: Li Shenglan , Qiu Wen , Zhang Yuan , Xu Chenxi , Cheng Qunpeng , Guan Jintao , Wang Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effect of biochar supported nano‐zero valent iron (nZVI/BC) on anaerobic digestion of sulfate wastewater including methane yield, total volatile fatty acids, COD balance, sulfur balance, variation of iron (Fe2+) and microbial community structure was investigated by a batch‐scale experiment. The results showed that nZVI/BC could effectively maintain the stability of anaerobic digestion even at a high sulfate concentration. At SO42−/COD = 0.1 with 2 g nZVI/BC, the maximum methane yield (Bmax) and maximum methane production rate (Rmax) were obtained with a value of 3940.6648 mL and 553.6266 mL/day, respectively. When the SO42−/COD ratio was increased from 0.1 to 2, the ratio of COD converting to CH4 was decreased from 80.85% to 20.16%, while the ratio of COD used for SO42− reduction was increased from 8.79% to 77.96%. Meanwhile, nZVI/BC could enrich the hydrogentrophic Methanobacterium especially Methanobacterium with an average relative abundance of 75.86%.
The auditory stimulus reduced the visual inhibition of return: Evidence from psychophysiological interaction analysis
Authors: He Yufeng , Peng Xing , Sun Jiaying , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Aijun , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVisual inhibition of return (IOR) is a mechanism for preventing attention from returning to previously examined spatial locations. Previous studies have found that auditory stimuli presented simultaneously with a visual target can reduce or even eliminate the visual IOR. However, the mechanism responsible for decreased visual IOR accompanied by auditory stimuli is unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we aimed to investigate how auditory stimuli reduce visual IOR. Behaviorally, we found that the visual IOR accompanying auditory stimuli was significant but smaller than the visual IOR. Neurally, only in the validly cued trials, the superior temporal gyrus showed increased neural coupling with the intraparietal sulcus, presupplementary motor area, and some other areas in audiovisual conditions compared with visual conditions. These results suggest that the reduction in visual IOR by the simultaneous auditory stimuli may be due to a dual mechanism: rescuing the suppressed visual salience and facilitating response initiation. Our results support crossmodal interactions can occur across multiple neural levels and cognitive processing stages. This study provides a new perspective for understanding attention‐orienting networks and response initiation based on crossmodal information.
Influence of time between surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy on prognosis for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Sun Kaiyuan , Tan Jia Yan , Thomson Peter James , Choi Siu‐Wai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe timing of postoperative radiotherapy following surgical intervention in patients with head and neck cancer remains a controversial issue. This review aims to summarize findings from available studies to investigate the influence of time delays between surgery and postoperative radiotherapy on clinical outcomes. Articles between 1 January 1995 and 1 February 2022 were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Twenty‐three articles met the study criteria and were included; ten studies showed that delaying postoperative radiotherapy might negatively impact patients and lead to a poorer prognosis. Delaying the start time of radiotherapy, 4 weeks after surgery did not result in poorer prognoses for patients with head and neck cancer, although delays beyond 6 weeks might worsen patients' overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and locoregional control. Prioritization of treatment plans to optimize the timing of postoperative radiotherapy regimes is recommended.
Efficacy of the nootropic supplement Mind Lab Pro on memory in adults: Double blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Abbott‐Imboden Carlie , Gonzalez Yadira , Utley Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of taking Mind Lab Pro, a plant‐based nootropic on memory in a group of healthy adults. Auditory, visual, visual working memory, immediate and delayed recall (DR) were assessed.MethodsThe study employed a pseudo randomised, double blinded, placebo‐controlled design. A total of 49 healthy individuals completed the study with 36 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. Participants ranged between 20 and 68 years with a mean age of 31.4 ± 14.4 years. Pre and post taking either the Mind Lab Pro supplement or placebo for 30 days. All participants completed the Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth UK Edition (WSM‐IV UK).ResultsWe found that the experimental group significantly improved in all memory subtests assessed (p < 0.05) whilst the control group only significantly improved in auditory memory and immediate recall (p = 0.004 and p = 0.014 respectively). A significant difference in immediate and DR was also found between the control and experimental group (p = 0.005 and 0.034 respectively).ConclusionThe use of Mind Lab Pro for 4 weeks improves memory with the experimental group significantly improving in all sub areas of memory as assessed by the WSM‐IV UK.
Efficient music analysis mechanism based on AI and IoT data mining
Authors: Wang Minglong , Pan Daohua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChinese culture is depicted in a profound manner through opera music. With the advancements in deep learning and IoT technology, numerous studies have increasingly utilized neural networks to supersede conventional acoustic models. This paper explores the emotion classification of Qinqiang Opera through the utilization of cutting‐edge research methods. Firstly, we improve the convolutional neural network and adopt the residual network model to increase the model's fitting and stability. Secondly, the attention mechanism is integrated to reinforce the expression of each weight information, allowing the network to differentiate feature information more effectively and elevating the overall performance of the network. Thirdly, we use five sensors to form a local Internet of Things to collect a large amount of Qin opera audio data for experiments. Finally, multiple experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model in the emotional classification of Qinqiang Opera.
Natural mentoring among college students of color: Considerations for their ethnic‐racial identity and psychological well‐being
Authors: Garcia‐Murillo Yesenia , Sánchez Bernadette , Carter Jocelyn S. , McMahon Susan D. , Schwartz Sarah E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examined: (a) the roles of ethnic‐racial similarity between mentors and mentees and mentors' support for ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) in mentees' ERI private regard, (b) the roles of ethnic‐racial similarity and ERI support in mentees' psychological well‐being, and (c) the indirect effects of ethnic‐racial similarity and ERI support on psychological well‐being via private regard. Participants were 231 college students of color who completed a survey and reported having a natural mentor. Path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized model. More support for ERI was significantly associated with higher private regard and higher self‐esteem. Higher ethnic‐racial similarity was significantly related to higher psychological distress and higher self‐esteem. An indirect effect was found between ERI support and ethnic‐racial similarity and psychological well‐being via private regard. The findings fill a gap in the literature on ethnic‐racial processes in mentoring critical to the development of college students of color.
Localisation accuracy with iodine‐125 seed versus wire guidance for breast cancer surgery
Authors: Ratnagobal Shoba , Taylor Donna , Bourke Anita G. , Kessell Meredith , Madeley Carolyn , Robert Melanie C. , Vlaskovsky Philip , Saunders Christobel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionImpalpable breast lesions generally require image‐guided localisation for breast‐conserving surgery. A standard technique is to place a hook wire (HW) within the lesion. Radioguided occult lesion localisation using iodine seeds (ROLLIS) involves inserting a 4.5 mm iodine‐125 seed (seed) into the lesion. We hypothesised that a seed could be more precisely positioned in relation to the lesion than a HW and that this may be associated with a lower re‐excision rate.MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive participant data from three ROLLIS RCT (ACTRN12613000655741) sites. Participants underwent preoperative lesion localisation (PLL) with seed or HW between September 2013 and December 2017. Lesion and procedural characteristics were recorded. Distances between (1) any part of the seed or thickened segment of the HW (‘TSHW’) and the lesion/clip (‘distance to device’ DTD) and (2) centre of the TSHW/seed and centre of the lesion/clip (device centre to target centre ‘DCTC’) were measured on immediate postinsertion mammograms. Pathological margin involvement and re‐excision rates were compared.ResultsA total of 390 lesions (190 ROLLIS and 200 HWL) were analysed. Lesion characteristics and guidance modality used were similar between groups. Ultrasound‐guided DTD and DCTC for seed were smaller than for HW (77.1% and 60.6%, respectively, P‐value < 0.001). Stereotactic‐guided DCTC for seeds was 41.6% smaller than for HW (P‐value = 0.001). No statistically significant difference in the re‐excision rates was found.ConclusionIodine‐125 seeds can be more precisely positioned for preoperative lesion localisation than HW, however, no statistically significant difference in re‐excision rates was detected.
Comparison of inhibition performance of thiadiazole derivatives containing sulfhydryl groups: Experimental and theoretical calculations
Authors: Liang Xuan , Gui Yi‐Heng , Yue Qing‐Xian , Ding Rui , Liu Jie , Yu Hai‐Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCorrosion inhibitors could significantly reduce the corrosion effect of seawater on carbon steels, which were widely used in seawater cooling systems and seawater desalination systems. The corrosion inhibition properties of 1,3,4‐thiediazole (TD) and 2‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (MTD) and their relationship with molecular structures were systematically studied by experimental and theoretical methods. TD and MTD were composite corrosion inhibitors with the higher proportion of cathodic corrosion inhibition, and their corrosion inhibition was based on the enlarged resistance of the electrochemical dissolution reaction of the iron. Their coverage on the surface of carbon steel and the negative movement of the potential they caused would promote each other and formed the stable adsorption. The mercaptol extended the distribution range of the negative electrostatic potential of MTD, reduced the spatial steric resistance of coordination and the energy gap of the frontier molecular orbitals, and raised the number of coordination transfer electrons, which made MTD exhibited superior corrosion inhibition performance than TD. The adsorption behavior of MTD was in line with the characteristics of Langmuir adsorption and was the combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Its adsorption form was laminated adsorption, and it was conducive to the formation of feedback bonds, which led to high stability of adsorption.
Arithmetic inflection formulae for linear series on hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Cotterill Ethan , Darago Ignacio , Han Changho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the complex numbers, Plücker's formula computes the number of inflection points of a linear series of fixed degree and projective dimension on an algebraic curve of fixed genus. Here, we explore the geometric meaning of a natural analog of Plücker's formula and its constituent local indices in ‐homotopy theory for certain linear series on hyperelliptic curves defined over an arbitrary field.
Application of automated machine learning in the identification of multi‐target‐directed ligands blocking PDE4B, PDE8A, and TRPA1 with potential use in the treatment of asthma and COPD
Authors: Gawalska Alicja , Czub Natalia , Sapa Michał , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Bucki Adam , Mendyk Aleksander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAsthma and COPD are characterized by complex pathophysiology associated with chronic inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness resulting in airway remodeling. A possible comprehensive solution that could fully counteract the pathological processes of both diseases are rationally designed multi‐target‐directed ligands (MTDLs), combining PDE4B and PDE8A inhibition with TRPA1 blockade. The aim of the study was to develop AutoML models to search for novel MTDL chemotypes blocking PDE4B, PDE8A, and TRPA1. Regression models were developed for each of the biological targets using “mljar‐supervised”. On their basis, virtual screenings of commercially available compounds derived from the ZINC15 database were performed. A common group of compounds placed within the top results was selected as potential novel chemotypes of multifunctional ligands. This study represents the first attempt to discover the potential MTDLs inhibiting three biological targets. The obtained results prove the usefulness of AutoML methodology in the identification of hits from the big compound databases.
Cone‐beam CT imaging with laterally enlarged field of view based on independently movable source and detector
Authors: Karius Andre , Szkitsak Juliane , Strnad Vratislav , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCBCT imaging with field of views (FOVs) exceeding the size of scans acquired in the conventional imaging geometry, i.e. with opposing source and detector, is of high clinical importance for many medical fields. A novel approach for enlarged FOV scanning with one full‐scan (EnFOV360) or two short‐scans (EnFOV180) using an O‐arm system arises from non‐isocentric imaging based on independent source and detector rotations.PurposeThe presentation, description, and experimental validation of this novel approach and the novel scanning techniques EnFOV360 and EnFOV180 for an O‐arm system forms the scope of this work.MethodsWe describe the EnFOV360, EnFOV180, and non‐isocentric imaging techniques for the acquisition of laterally extended FOVs. For their experimental validation, scans of dedicated quality assurance as well as anthropomorphic phantoms were acquired, with the phantoms being placed both within the tomographic plane and at the longitudinal FOV border with and without lateral shifts from the gantry center. Based on this, geometric accuracy, contrast‐noise‐ratio (CNR) of different materials, spatial resolution, noise characteristics, as well as CT number profiles were quantitatively assessed. Results were compared to scans performed with the conventional imaging geometry.ResultsWith EnFOV360 and EnFOV180, we increased the in‐plane size of acquired FOVs from 250 × 250 mm2 obtained for the conventional imaging geometry to up to 400 × 400 mm2 for the performed measurements. Geometric accuracy was very high for all scanning techniques with mean values ≤0.21 ± 0.11 mm. CNR and spatial resolution were comparable between isocentric and non‐isocentric full‐scans as well as EnFOV360, whereas substantial image quality deteriorations in this respect were observed for EnFOV180. Image noise in the isocenter was lowest for conventional full‐scans with 13.4 ± 0.2 HU. For laterally shifted phantom positions, noise increased for conventional scans and EnFOV360, whereas noise reductions were observed for EnFOV180. Considering the anthropomorphic phantom scans, both EnFOV360 and EnFOV180 were comparable to conventional full‐scans.ConclusionBoth enlarged FOV techniques have high potential for imaging laterally extended FOVs. EnFOV360 revealed an image quality comparable to conventional full‐scans in general. EnFOV180 showed an inferior performance particularly regarding CNR and spatial resolution.
QD Color Conversion Microdisplays for Near‐View Application
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Ganapathiappan Sivapackia , Fan Jiacheng , He Da , Zhu Mingwei , Patibandla Nag 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQD color conversion with UV microLEDs shows great potential for full‐color microdisplays with high brightness, superior color quality, and high resolution.
Donor inspiration in nonprofit management: Conceptualization and measurement in a peer‐to‐peer context
Authors: Hesse Laura , Boenigk Silke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrawing on previous conceptualizations of inspiration and the motivational theory of role modeling, this study reports on the development and testing of a donor inspiration framework in a peer‐to‐peer giving context. This framework proposes that individuals become inspired by a source, most likely peer fundraisers, to donate for a particular social cause. Based on observable donor data (N = 8697) that were scraped from the platform of a large peer‐to‐peer fundraising campaign, the results confirm that donor inspiration is a driver of donation behavior. The authors find that the peer fundraisers, the social cause, or a combination can function as the source of inspiration. The findings offer an initial conceptualization for donor inspiration, with concrete implications on donor recruiting strategies, and the design and implementation of peer‐to‐peer campaigns.
Radiative forcing due to carbon dioxide decomposed into its component vibrational bands†
Authors: Shine Keith P. , Perry Georgina E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe radiative forcing (RF) of climate change due to increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is primarily in the wavenumber region 500–850 cm−1 (wavelengths of approximately 12 to 20 μm). It originates from absorption and emission of infrared radiation due to vibrational–rotational transitions of the CO2 molecule. While this RF has been the subject of intense and detailed study, to date, the contribution of different vibrational transitions to this forcing has not been explored. This article presents an analysis of radiative transfer calculations that quantify the role of different vibrational transitions and illustrates that while the fundamental bending mode contributes nearly 90% of the total infrared intensity, it contributes less than half of the RF at present‐day CO2 concentrations; this is because the absorption at the centre of this fundamental band is so intense that the effect of additional CO2 is strongly muted. By successively adding in additional CO2 bands to the calculations, it is demonstrated that a key spectroscopic phenomenon, known as Fermi Resonance (an interaction between excited states of the bending and the symmetric stretching modes of CO2) leads to a significant spreading of the infrared intensity to both higher and lower wavenumbers, where the fundamental bending mode is less important. The Fermi Resonance transitions contribute only about 4% of the total infrared intensity in this spectral region but cause more than half of the present‐day RF. The less‐abundant isotopologues of CO2 have little impact on the spectrally integrated RF, but this small contribution results from a compensation between more significant positive and negative contributions to the spectral RF. This work does not alter the results of detailed RF calculations available in the literature; rather, it helps explain the physical basis of that forcing.
On implementing the implicit discrete‐time super‐twisting observer on mechanical systems
Authors: Winkler Alexander , Grabmair Gernot , Reger Johann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an extension of an algorithm for the implicit discretization of a super‐twisting sliding mode observer is presented. Implicit and explicit discretization algorithms for homogeneous differentiators, where no physical model information is considered, are investigated in literature. This article studies the behavior when considering models of a rather general class of nonlinear systems. The discrete equations of the super‐twisting observer are reformulated as generalized equation and an algorithm for the step‐by‐step solution is given. The uniqueness of the derived algorithm is investigated with an equivalent variational inequality formulation which is derived for a class of nonlinear systems. Furthermore, a semi‐implicit predictor‐corrector discretization is presented which is an approximation method for the presented algorithms and allows an explicit implementation in practical applications. Accuracy properties under noise and sampling are given. The algorithm is applied on two mechanical example systems taken from practice.