bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Smartphone Clinometer Application for Measuring Scapular Rotations in Subjects With and Without Shoulder Pain
Authors: Kaur Varmeet , Makhija Meena , Phadke Vandana 
Published: August 2023

Context: Clinical assessment of scapular motion is obscured by a lack of clinically accessible and feasible angular measurement tools. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the smartphone “Clinometer” app in measuring scapular upward rotation (UR) and anteroposterior tilt. Design: Psychometric analysis. Methods: We recruited 57 participants—10 with and 47 without shoulder pain. Two physical therapists consecutively measured both scapular movements using the Clinometer app at the arm by the side (rest), 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humeral elevation in the scapular plane; one therapist measured again after 2 days. For evaluating concurrent validity, we compared the Clinometer scores with those measured using an electromagnetic motion capture system in 10 healthy participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference at 90% confidence intervals (MDD90) were calculated. Concurrent validity was evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc testing with Tukey–Kramer test (P < .05). Results: We observed good intrarater reliability (ICC: UR = .76–.85, tilt = .69–.9; SEM: 2.2°–3.5°; MDD90: ∼5°–8°) and moderate to good interrater reliability (ICC: UR = .66–.78, tilt = .66–.76; SEM: 3.6°–8°; MDD90: ∼9°–18°) for both rotations. The Clinometer scores for UR were comparable to electromagnetic motion capture system at all angles except 90° (difference ∼8°); for scapular tilt, the scores were comparable only at rest and 30° elevation. Conclusion: The Clinometer app is reliable and valid for measuring scapular UR throughout and for scapular tilt at lower humeral elevation angles. The MDD90 values for scapular rotations computed in this study can be helpful in rehabilitation planning and future research.
The global anaerobic metabolism regulator
fnr
is necessary for the degradation of food dyes and drugs by
Escherichia coli
Authors: Pieper Lindsey M. , Spanogiannopoulos Peter , Volk Regan F. , Miller Carson J. , Wright Aaron T. , Turnbaugh Peter J. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The microbiome is an underappreciated contributor to intestinal drug metabolism with broad implications for drug efficacy and toxicity. While considerable progress has been made toward identifying the gut bacterial genes and enzymes involved, the role of environmental factors in shaping their activity remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the gut bacterial reduction of azo bonds (R-N = N-R’), found in diverse chemicals in both food and drugs. Surprisingly, the canonical
azoR
gene in
Escherichia coli
was dispensable for azo bond reduction. Instead, azoreductase activity was controlled by the fumarate and nitrate reduction (
fnr
) regulator, consistent with a requirement for the anoxic conditions found within the gastrointestinal tract. Paired transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the
fnr
regulon revealed that in addition to altering the expression of multiple reductases, FNR is necessary for the metabolism of L-Cysteine to hydrogen sulfide, enabling the degradation of azo bonds. Furthermore, we found that FNR indirectly regulates this process through the small noncoding regulatory RNA
fnrS
. Taken together, these results show how gut bacteria sense and respond to their intestinal environment to enable the metabolism of chemical groups found in both dietary and pharmaceutical compounds.

IMPORTANCE

This work has broad relevance due to the ubiquity of dyes containing azo bonds in food and drugs. We report that azo dyes can be degraded by human gut bacteria through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, even from a single gut bacterial species. Furthermore, we revealed that environmental factors, oxygen, and L-Cysteine control the ability of
E. coli
to degrade azo dyes due to their impacts on bacterial transcription and metabolism. These results open up new opportunities to manipulate the azoreductase activity of the gut microbiome through the manipulation of host diet, suggest that azoreductase potential may be altered in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease, and highlight the importance of studying bacterial enzymes for drug metabolism in their natural cellular and ecological context.
Geographic social vulnerability is associated with the alpha diversity of the human microbiome
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Maki Katherine A. , Barb Jennifer J. , Jones Kelly K. , Yang Li , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Wallen Gwenyth R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The human microbiome ecosystems living within the human body are exposed to exogenous foreign substances from the various environments that humans live within. Therefore, dynamics between microbes and human hosts can be influenced by environmental changes, which potentially impact microbiome composition and diversity. Geographic area, as a microbiome-relevant environmental factor, has been well reported. Human geography, however, is often linked to socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic population enclaves, and disparities in area disadvantage. Potential mechanisms linking the microbiome to factors tied to area disadvantage include household crowding, use of public transportation, and lack of exposure to biodiverse natural environments. Through an analysis of data from the Human Microbiome Project including healthy adults who reported residential area information at the time of microbiome sampling (
n
= 201), we found a significant relationship between the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a measure of area disadvantage, and multiple alpha diversity measures across oral, airways, and urogenital sites when controlling for age, gender, and body mass index. With regard to race/ethnicity, we found significant mediation by SVI score to explain racial/ethnic differences in urogenital microbiome diversity in females. Our results highlight the importance of considering environmental variables such as area social vulnerability as a variable of interest in microbiome studies within healthy individuals and suggest a potential role to explain urogenital race/ethnicity differences. Future studies including a diverse, representative community-based population, more precise residential location, and inclusion of related risk factors such as dietary intake, are needed to further understand the implications of these results.

IMPORTANCE
As a risk factor for conditions related to the microbiome, understanding the role of SVI on microbiome diversity may assist in identifying public health implications for microbiome research. Here we found, using a sub-sample of the Human Microbiome Project phase 1 cohort, that SVI was linked to microbiome diversity across body sites and that SVI may influence race/ethnicity-based differences in diversity. Our findings, build on the current knowledge regarding the role of human geography in microbiome research, suggest that measures of geographic social vulnerability be considered as additional contextual factors when exploring microbiome alpha diversity.
The Origin of the West Siberian Sedimentary Basin without Strong Crustal Stretching: An Analysis of Superdeep Drilling Data
Authors: Artyushkov E. V. , Chekhovich P. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mechanism of the formation of large sedimentary basins on the continents is among the main problems in geodynamics. The formation of such structures far from convergent plate boundaries is most often explained by intense stretching of the lithospheric layer (rifting). This should be followed by a large and prolonged crustal subsidence due to cooling of the stretched lithosphere. A characteristic feature of the post-rift subsidence is a decrease in its rate in time by several times over a hundred million years. Rifting in the West Siberian Basin was associated with the formation of Permian–Triassic graben-rifts. The subsequent (post-rift) subsidence is considered by many researchers as a cause of the formation of a thick layer of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in the basin. Over the 86 Ma that passed from the beginning of the Middle Triassic to the end of the Middle Jurassic, the rate of post-rift subsidence should have decreased by about a factor of three. In fact, the opposite trend developed. Judging by the data of the Tyumen (SG-6) and En-Yakhin (SG-7) superdeep wells drilled in the northern part of the basin, the rate of crustal subsidence increased several times during this period of time. Such a sharp difference between the expected post-rift subsidence and the actual subsidence of the crust indicates that lithospheric stretching was not the main subsidence mechanism, and it could support only a small part of the subsidence. Under such circumstances, the main cause of the subsidence would have to be contraction of rocks in the Earth’s crust due to prograde metamorphism.
New Data on the Geological Structure and Precambrian Evolution of the Mountain Framework of the Denman Glacier Western Side (East Antarctica): First Paleoarchean Age for Plagiogneisses
Authors: Maslov V. A. , Kaminsky V. D. , Rodionov N. V. , Vorobiev D. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The mountain framework of the Denman Glacier is a poorly explored area. However, it is a key region of East Antarctica in the context of studying the Precambrian geological history and geodynamic evolution of the Archean protocratons of the Antarctic Shield and in their comparison with the Archean crust-forming events of other regions of the Earth. Original U–Pb isotope geochronology data from zircons of metamorphic and intrusive rocks sampled from the western side of the Denman Glacier are reported. A geotectonic interpretation of the data was carried out. The Paleoarchean age of crystallization (3355 ± 5.4 Ma) of the magmatic protolith of tonalitic orthogneisses of the Davis granite–gneiss complex was obtained for the first time in this sector of Antarctica. In the Archean time interval, the Davis Paleoarchean protocraton was affected by multistage polymetamorphism in the intervals ~3100–3000 and 2900–2800 Ma ago. A crustal extension associated with the late stage is indicated by syntectonic intrusion of ultramafic dikes and pyroxenite sills (2827 ± 6 Ma). The time when granite veins and subalkaline granitoid plutons formed corresponds to the time of tectono-thermal Pan-African activization in the interval of 550–510 Ma typical for the Rayner Province of East Antarctica. The terrane of Davis craton is similar to the Paleo-Mesoarchean protocratons of East Antarctica, India, and Australia for the time of formation and the evolution of geodynamic processes.
Oxygen Isotopic Fractionation in a Silicate–Carbonate System during the Formation of Rocks of the Kovdor Pluton (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Morozova A. S. , Rass I. T. , Avdeenko A. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The δ18О values of carbonates and silicates (Ol, Phl, Mt) of calcite carbonatites, phoscorites, ijolites, and turjaites of the Kovdor pluton have been studied for the first time to elucidate the role of processes of contamination, retrograde exchange, and high-temperature fractionation in a magmatic system. It is established that no processes of crustal contamination are registered in the isotopic characteristics of silicates and that the δ18О values of olivine, phlogopite, and magnetite are lower relative to the compositions typical of equilibrium with mantle peridotite. At the same time, the carbonates show a complementary enrichment in the 18О isotope relative to the composition of derivative mantle melts. The estimated closure temperature of the O isotopic composition of olivine and the cooling rates of rocks do not support a hypothesis on retrograde isotope exchange. A redistribution of O isotopes between silicate and carbonate constituents of melts in the magmatic system before the origination of the Kovdor pluton and its cooling is suggested. According to the O isotope data, the carbonate constituent at that moment could strongly be dominant (in 1.5–4.5 times) over the silicate one.
A New Chladniite Variety from Volcanic Exhalations. The Genetic Crystal Chemistry of Chladniite
Authors: Pekov I. V. , Zubkova N. V. , Agakhanov A. A. , Turchkova A. G. , Zhitova E. S. , Pushcharovskii D. Yu. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A new, unusual, Fe-free, and As5+-rich variety of chladniite, a rare phosphate of the fillowite group, was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It belongs to the high-temperature (500–750°С) paragenesis with calciojohillerite, fluorapatite, metathénardite, diopside, enstatite, forsterite, and hematite. This genetic type is novel for fillowite-group minerals. The crystal structure of Tolbachik chladniite is determined, R1 = 4.32%. It is trigonal, R–3, a = 14.9831(2) Å, c = 42.8050(7) Å, and V = 8322.1(3) Å3. The structural formula is M13(Na0.56$$\square $$0.44)$$_{2}^{{M21}}$$(Na0.81Ca0.19)$$_{2}^{{}}$$$$_{{}}^{{M31}}$$(Na0.97$$\square $$0.03)$$_{6}^{{M12}}$$(Ca0.64Na0.36)$$_{6}^{{M1}}$$MnM2(Mg0.54Ca0.46)M3-9Mg30M10(Mg0.94Ca0.06)$$_{6}^{{M11}}$$Mg6(P33.53As2.47)O144 (Z = 3). The crystal chemical features of chladniite and their correlation with formation settings are discussed for all chladniite findings known in meteorites and terrestrial objects of different genetic types.
Stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R , Rahemi Zahra , Nanson Kate , Webster Claire , Norman Myrna , Spiteri Raymond J 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDementia-related stigma reduces the quality of life of people living with dementia and their care partners. However, there is a dearth of literature synthesising knowledge on stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review protocol outlines a methodology that will be used to understand the impact of stigma on people living with dementia during the pandemic. Addressing dementia-related stigma is critical to promoting timely dementia diagnoses and enhancing the quality of life for people living with dementia and their care partners.Methods and analysisThis review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The review will focus on English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between 13 January 2020 and 30 June 2023. Stigma will be broadly defined according to pre-established components (stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination). We will search six databases including CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science. We will also hand-search the reference lists of relevant articles to identify additional manuscripts. Two reviewers will develop the data extraction table, as well as independently conduct the data screening. Any disagreements will be resolved through open discussion between the two researchers, and if necessary, by consulting the full team to achieve consensus. Data synthesis will be conducted using an inductive thematic analysis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be the first to explore the impact of dementia-related stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. An advisory panel including a person living with dementia and a care partner will be consulted to inform our review’s findings and support the data dissemination process. The results of this scoping review will be shared and disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentations at academic conferences, a community workshop and webinars with various stakeholders.
Alleviating Video-length Effect for Micro-video Recommendation
Authors: Quan Yuhan , Ding Jingtao , Gao Chen , Li Nian , Yi Lingling , Jin Depeng , Li Yong 
Published: August 2023

Micro-video platforms such as TikTok are extremely popular nowadays. One important feature is that users no longer select interested videos from a set; instead, they either watch the recommended video or skip to the next one. As a result, the time length of users’ watching behavior becomes the most important signal for identifying preferences. However, our empirical data analysis has shown a video-length effect that long videos can more easily receive a higher value of average view time, and thus adopting such view-time labels for measuring user preferences can easily induce a biased model that favors the longer videos. In this article, we propose a
V
ideo
L
ength
D
ebiasing
Rec
ommendation (VLDRec) method to alleviate such an effect for micro-video recommendation. VLDRec designs the data labeling approach and the sample generation module that better capture user preferences in a view-time-oriented manner. It further leverages the multi-task learning technique to jointly optimize the above samples with the original biased ones. Extensive experiments show that VLDRec can improve users’ view time by 1.81% and 11.32% on two real-world datasets, given a recommendation list of a fixed overall video length, compared with the best baseline method. Moreover, VLDRec is also more effective in matching users’ interests in terms of the video content.
Automatic Synthesis of FSMs for Enforcing Non-functional Requirements on MPSoCs Using Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Esper Khalil , Wildermann Stefan , Teich Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

Embedded system applications often require guarantees regarding non-functional properties when executed on a given MPSoC platform. Examples of such requirements include real-time, energy, or safety properties on corresponding programs. One option to implement the enforcement of such requirements is by a reactive control loop, where an enforcer decides based on a system response (feedback) how to control the system, e.g., by adapting the number of cores allocated to a program or by scaling the voltage/frequency mode of involved processors.
Typically, a violation of a requirement must either never happen in case of strict enforcement, or only happen temporally (in case of so-called loose enforcement). However, it is a challenge to design enforcers for which it is possible to give formal guarantees with respect to requirements, especially in the presence of typically largely varying environmental input (workload) per execution. Technically, an enforcement strategy can be formally modeled by a finite state machine (FSM) and the uncertain environment determining the workload by a discrete-time Markov chain. It has been shown in previous work that this formalization allows the formal verification of temporal properties (verification goals) regarding the fulfillment of requirements for a given enforcement strategy.
In this article, we consider the so-far-unsolved problem of design space exploration and automatic synthesis of enforcement automata that maximize a number of deterministic and probabilistic verification goals formulated on a given set of non-functional requirements. For the design space exploration (DSE), an approach based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms is proposed in which enforcement automata are encoded as genes of states and state transition conditions. For each individual, the verification goals are evaluated using probabilistic model checking. At the end, the DSE returns a set of efficient FSMs in terms of probabilities of meeting given requirements. As experimental results, we present three use cases while considering requirements on latency and energy consumption.
Electrostatic precipitator design with wire-cylinder electrodes as a particulate matter reduction
Authors: Siregar Yulianta , Debataraja Bio , Soeharwinto Soeharwinto , Mubarakah Naemah , Dinzi Riswan 
Published: August 2023

Small <span>industries are inseparable from the production of gaseous pollutants. One of the contents of exhaust gases produced from small industrial activities is particulate matter. The consequences of exposure to particulate matter for too long are coughing, cancer, blood coagulation, and death. For this reason, a tool is needed to capture particulate matter in small industrial exhaust gases. Based on the problems described, this research proposes using the electrostatic precipitator with the cockroft-walton method because this method is very effective in capturing particulate matter. The research results on electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with a pair of electrodes will achieve an efficiency of 25.4% when the voltage regulator is 20 V, while the efficiency is 98.7% when the voltage regulator is 35 V. The ESP with two pairs of electrodes will achieve 99.5% efficiency when the voltage regulator is 30 volts. Installing a vibrator as a particle thresher at the electrode is unsuitable for low-temperature exhaust gases because it produces a liquid and sticky residue that makes it difficult to fall off.</span>
Fuzzy rules-based prediction of heart conditions system
Authors: Sreedran Sarvinah , Ibrahim Nabilah , Sari Suhaila , Seng Gan Hong , Shanta Shahnoor 
Published: August 2023

<span>Heart disease is known as the deadliest disease in the world which mostly focus on coronary diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart disease. The treatment for the diseases is highly costly, and not only that, the monitoring system or devices that are in the market are low in accuracy and not satisfying. This work proposed to develop a prediction system for heart conditions using Fuzzy system that is based on essential risk factors: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure level (systolic), cholesterol level, heart rate, smoking habit, alcohol intake, eating habit and exercise. The specific Fuzzy rules are created and produced in the output category of low, medium, and high risks. The proposed system was later evaluated by comparing the machine learning performance metrics such as accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and F1 score. It is found that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score are calculated as 88.2%, 78.8%, 21.2%, 80.9%, respectively, which demonstrates a reliable percentage score. It is believed that this work has the potential to be an alternative method in provideing as a dependable and cheap means of predicting heart disease.</span>