bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of ecological restoration on the genetic diversity of plant species: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Xinzeng , Xu Yaozhan , Lyu Linyu , Xiao Zhiqiang , Wang Shitong , Yang Teng , Jiang Mingxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn contrast to the depth of knowledge available for the enhancement of plant species diversity and ecosystem services through ecological restoration, our understanding of how ecological restoration impacts genetic diversity (GD) of plant species has not yet been synthesized.We performed a global meta‐analysis to examine whether ecological restoration improved GD of plant species in restored populations. First, we compared the GD of restored populations with reference or degraded populations. Second, we explored whether the influence of ecological restoration on plant GD varies between species with different characteristics (life form and threat status), between different restoration strategies (active/passive, seeding/planting, mixture/non‐mixture) or between different restoration times (<50 and ≥ 50 years; with an average of 29.3 years).The GD of restored populations was significantly lower (HE, 1.06%;PPB, 5.10%, andSWI, 4.95%) than in reference populations but was comparable to degraded populations. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS, the proportion by which the heterozygosity of an individual is reduced by inbreeding) was consistently comparable between restored populations and reference or degraded populations.Woody species but not herbs and forest but not grassland ecosystem had significantly lower GD in restored populations than in reference populations. Passive but not active restoration, seeding rather than planting, and mixing materials from different sources rather than using a single source, all significantly increased the GD of restored populations. When the restoration time was ≥50 years, in contrast to <50 years, GD was comparable between the restored and reference populations.Synthesis and applications. In general, ecological restoration did not significantly improve the GD of plant species compared to reference or degraded populations. This might be due in part to the relatively short restoration time. Using passive restoration, seeding, and mixed sources could significantly increase the GD of restored populations. We emphasize that GD should not be treated as a minor cobenefit of ecological restoration for other purposes and that the recovery of GD should be listed as a vital goal in future ecological restoration with plant species.
Matrix metalloproteinase activity during methamphetamine cued relapse
Authors: Lewandowski Stacia I. , Hodebourg Ritchy , Wood Samuel K. , Carter Jordan S. , Nelson Katherine H. , Kalivas Peter W. , Reichel Carmela M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRelapse to drug seeking involves transient synaptic remodelling that occurs in response to drug‐associated cues. This remodelling includes activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to initiate catalytic signalling in the extracellular matrix in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). We hypothesized that MMP activity would be increased in the NAcore during cue‐induced methamphetamine (meth) seeking in a rat model of meth use and relapse. Male and female rats had indwelling jugular catheters and bilateral intracranial cannula targeting the NAcore surgically implanted. Following recovery, rats underwent meth or saline self‐administration (6 h/day for 15 days) in which active lever responding was paired with a light + tone stimulus complex, followed by home cage abstinence. Testing occurred after 7 or 30 days of abstinence. On test day, rats were microinjected with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐quenched gelatin substrate that fluoresces following cleavage by MMP‐2,9, allowing for the quantification of gelatinase activity during cued‐relapse testing. MMP‐2,9 activity was significantly increased in the NAcore by meth cues presentation after 7 and 30 days of abstinence, indicating that remodelling by MMPs occurs during presentation of meth associated cues. Surprisingly, although cue‐induced seeking increased between Days 7 and 30, MMP‐2,9 activity did not increase. These findings indicate that although MMP activation is elicited during meth cue‐induced seeking, MMP activation did not parallel the meth seeking that occurs during extended drug abstinence.
Alcohol's harm to others in 2021: Who bears the burden?
Authors: Laslett Anne‐Marie , Room Robin , Kuntsche Sandra , Anderson‐Luxford Dan , Willoughby Bree , Doran Christopher , Jenkinson Rebecca , Smit Koen , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Jiang Heng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol's harm to others (AHTO) has become a key driver of national and international alcohol policy. This study aimed to produce a contemporary, comprehensive estimate of the correlates and harms from others' drinking in 2021 in Australia.Design, setting, participants and measurementsAcross Australia, 2574 adults (1380 women; 1172 men) were sampled via two cross‐sectional survey modes: a random‐digit dial mobile phone sample of 1000 people and 1574 people from the Life in Australia™ panel survey. In 2021 participants were asked about harms they had experienced from the drinking of family, friends, co‐workers and the public in the past year. Applying combined sample weights from each mode, bivariable and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse differences in rates of AHTO by participant gender, age, residence in rural or metropolitan regions, country of birth, education and employment.FindingsIn 2021, 23.6% reported being negatively affected by strangers' drinking and 21.3% by the drinking of someone they knew, with 34.3% reporting being negatively affected a lot or a little by either; 42.4% of respondents reported specific harms from strangers' drinking. Thus, 48.1% of respondents reported any harm (negative effects or specific harms) from others' drinking. Women, younger people, Australian‐born and heavier episodic drinkers reported significantly higher rates of AHTO compared with other respondents. Smaller percentages (7.5%) of participants reported being harmed substantially by others' drinking, including by people they knew (5.8%) or strangers (2.3%). Stratified analyses showed that heavier drinking, furloughed, younger men who were born overseas in English‐speaking countries were affected by others' drinking, whereas women were affected regardless of these factors (apart from age).ConclusionsMore than one‐third of Australian adults appear to have been negatively affected by others' drinking in 2021, with women, younger people and heavier drinkers at greater risk. Substantial harm appears to be more likely to arise from the drinking of people Australians know than from strangers' drinking.
Review article: Putting some muscle into sarcopenia—the pathogenesis, assessment and clinical impact of muscle loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gold Stephanie L. , Raman Maitreyi , Sands Bruce E. , Ungaro Ryan , Sabino João 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackgroundSarcopenia, a loss of skeletal muscle mass or function, affects up to 50% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes including increased hospitalizations, need for surgery and post‐operative complications. Despite the high prevalence and clinical significance of sarcopenia in patients with IBD, few patients undergo routine muscle evaluation.AimThe goal of this study was to review the mechanisms of sarcopenia in patients with IBD and understand novel modalities to assess and treat impaired muscle mass or function.MethodsPubmed and Cochrane databases were searched including articles published up to February 2023 utilizing the following keywords: “inflammatory bowel disease”, “IBD”, “Crohn's disease”, “ulcerative colitis”, “sarcopenia”, “myosteatosis”, “muscle health”, and “frailty”.ResultsThe pathogenesis of sarcopenia in IBD is not well defined, however, there is evidence supporting the role of malabsorption, reduced protein intake, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis, decreased physical activity, medication effects and hormone signaling from visceral adiposity. Traditional sarcopenia assessment techniques include direct measurements on cross sectional imaging. However, given the time, cost and radiation exposure associated with cross sectional imaging, new bedside tools are now available to estimate muscle mass, including assessment of grip strength, mid upper arm circumference and body composition utilizing bioelectrical impedance analysis. In addition, novel biomarkers for assessing muscle mass and techniques utilizing point of care ultrasound have been proposed to make sarcopenia evaluation more streamlined in the IBD clinic.ConclusionSarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes independent of IBD activity and therefore muscle health should be assessed in all IBD patients at routine intervals. Future studies to better our understanding of the pathophysiology as well as most effective management of sarcopenia in IBD will help guide clinical care and reduce disease related complications.
Evaluation of a downstaging, bidirectional version of the Montreal classification of Crohn's disease: Analysis of 5‐year follow‐up data from the prospective BioCrohn study
Authors: Bokemeyer Bernd , Plachta‐Danielzik Sandra , di Giuseppe Romina , Helwig Ulf , Teich Niels , Schmidt Carsten , Hartmann Petra , Sobotzki Christina , Schreiber Stefan 
Published: April 2023

SummaryObjectiveUnder the assumption of irreversibility, the Montreal classification provides a unidirectional assessment of the complications and behaviour of Crohn's disease (CD) that does not allow for downstaging. We examined the use of a bidirectional Montreal classification system that can capture disease regression.DesignFrom the BioCrohn Registry, an inception cohort of patients with CD for ≤12 months duration was defined and followed up for 5‐years. Cumulative probabilities for developing complications were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Potential associations of explanatory variables with disease progression were estimated with Cox regression.ResultsAmong 393 incident CD patients (of whom 255 completed the entire follow‐up), the 5‐year cumulative probability of developing complications was 41.5% (15.6% and 25.9% for stricturing and penetrating complications respectively). Perianal disease (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 8.45 [4.74–15.07]) and surgical resection of the intestine (2.71 [1.50–4.92]) in the very early phase of the disease were associated with a higher risk of developing a penetrating complication within the 5‐year follow‐up. The use of a bidirectional Montreal classification system which can account for disease regression demonstrated that 90% of patients exhibited inflammatory disease behaviour at 5 years, in contrast to 58%, if the hierarchical, unidirectional Montreal classification system was used.ConclusionAn additional bidirectional disease behaviour assessment capturing reversed or fully controlled complications may provide a more realistic appraisal of the complexity and unmet needs of patients treated with advanced therapies.
Effects of GBT1118, a voxelotor analog, on intestinal pathophysiology in sickle cell disease
Authors: Haroun Elio , Dutta Dibyendu , Lim Seah H. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryVoxelotor is an allosteric haemoglobin (Hb) modulator that binds covalently and reversibly to Hb alpha chain to facilitate improved Hb‐O2 affinity and arterial oxygen. It, therefore, reduces the susceptibility of erythrocytes carrying Haemoglobin S to sickle. In this study, we have used GBT1118, an analog of voxelotor, to treat male Townes sickle cell disease (SCD) mice to investigate whether the Hb modulator could attenuate the intestinal pathophysiologic changes associated with SCD. Compared with mice fed with control chow, GBT1118‐treated mice showed improvement in the intestinal pathophysiology. These mice exhibited improved small intestinal barrier functions, reduced intestinal microbial density, reduced enterocyte injury, lower serum lipopolysaccharides and smaller spleens. These improvements were observed after only 3 weeks of GBT1118 treatment. Benefits were also observed after experimentally‐induced vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC). Recovery from the VOC‐induced changes was faster in mice that were treated with GBT1118. The improved small intestinal barrier function was associated with higher expression of genes encoding enterocyte E‐cadherin, JAM‐A, ZO‐1, MUC‐2 and occludin while the lower intestinal microbial density associated with higher expression of genes encoding the antimicrobial peptides defensin‐α 1 and defensin‐α 4. Our findings provide the evidence to support the beneficial effects of GBT1118 in SCD‐related intestinal pathophysiology.
Transoral CO2 laser‐modified posterior cordotomy combined with plasma ablation subtotal arytenoidectomy for bilateral vocal fold paralysis: A retrospective study
Authors: Lin Qin , Huang Chunyan , Chen Wei , Chen Xiaoqiang , Yi Xuehan , Wang Desheng , Li Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of transoral CO2 laser‐modified posterior cordotomy combined with plasma ablation subtotal arytenoidectomy for bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).DesignA retrospective study with medical records from 2017 to 2021 in our hospital.SettingA single‐centre study.ParticipantsThis retrospective study included 22 patients with BVFP. They underwent transoral CO2 laser‐modified posterior cordotomy combined with plasma ablation subtotal arytenoidectomy in our hospital from 2017 to 2021.Main Outcome MeasuresPreoperative and postoperative swallowing and phonation functions were evaluated in all patients.ResultsAll 22 patients with a tracheostomy were successfully decannulated within 6 months after surgery without subsequent revision operations, and the width of the posterior glottis was more than 3.9 mm in all patients when they inspired. The statistical analysis showed that there was no difference in vocal function and swallowing function in all patients compared to preoperative (p > .05).ConclusionTransoral CO2 laser‐modified posterior cordotomy combined with plasma ablation subtotal arytenoidectomy enlarges the posterior glottis in patients with BVFP, which maintains airway patency without significant worsening in voice and swallowing function.
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Recursive Pattern Processing in Human Adults
Authors: Dedhe Abhishek M. , Piantadosi Steven T. , Cantlon Jessica F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe capacity to generate recursive sequences is a marker of rich, algorithmic cognition, and perhaps unique to humans. Yet, the precise processes driving recursive sequence generation remain mysterious. We investigated three potential cognitive mechanisms underlying recursive pattern processing: hierarchical reasoning, ordinal reasoning, and associative chaining. We developed a Bayesian mixture model to quantify the extent to which these three cognitive mechanisms contribute to adult humans’ performance in a sequence generation task. We further tested whether recursive rule discovery depends upon relational information, either perceptual or semantic. We found that the presence of relational information facilitates hierarchical reasoning and drives the generation of recursive sequences across novel depths of center embedding. In the absence of relational information, the use of ordinal reasoning predominates. Our results suggest that hierarchical reasoning is an important cognitive mechanism underlying recursive pattern processing and can be deployed across embedding depths and relational domains.
Human Variability and the Explore–Exploit Trade‐Off in Recommendation
Authors: Yang Scott Cheng‐Hsin , Rank Chirag , Whritner Jake A. , Nasraoui Olfa , Shafto Patrick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe enormous scale of the available information and products on the Internet has necessitated the development of algorithms that intermediate between options and human users. These algorithms attempt to provide the user with relevant information. In doing so, the algorithms may incur potential negative consequences stemming from the need to select items about which it is uncertain to obtain information about users versus the need to select items about which it is certain to secure high ratings. This tension is an instance of the exploration–exploitation trade‐off in the context of recommender systems. Because humans are in this interaction loop, the long‐term trade‐off behavior depends on human variability. Our goal is to characterize the trade‐off behavior as a function of human variability fundamental to such human–algorithm interaction. To tackle the characterization, we first introduce a unifying model that smoothly transitions between active learning and recommending relevant information. The unifying model gives us access to a continuum of algorithms along the exploration–exploitation trade‐off. We then present two experiments to measure the trade‐off behavior under two very different levels of human variability. The experimental results inform a thorough simulation study in which we modeled and varied human variability systematically over a wide rage. The main result is that exploration–exploitation trade‐off grows in severity as human variability increases, but there exists a regime of low variability where algorithms balanced in exploration and exploitation can largely overcome the trade‐off.
The nano‐windmill exerts superior anti‐inflammatory effects via reducing choline uptake to inhibit macrophage activation
Authors: Liu Nanxin , Zhong Yuke , Pang Xiaoxiao , Li Mingzheng , Cannon Richard D. , Mei Li , Cai Xiaoxiao , Ji Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacrophages' activation plays a central role during the development and progression of inflammation, while the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has been recently identified as a novel strategy for anti‐inflammatory therapies. Our previous studies have found that tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) plays a mild anti‐inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage activation, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, by metabolomics and RNA sequencing, choline uptake is identified to be significantly repressed by decreased slc44a1 expression in tFNA‐treated activated macrophages. Inspired by this result, combined with the excellent delivery capacities of tFNA, siR‐slc44a1 is loaded into the tFNA to develop a new tFNA‐based small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system named ‘nano‐windmill,’ which exhibits a synergetic role by targeting slc44a1, finally blowing up the anti‐inflammatory effects of tFNA to inhibit macrophages activation via reducing choline uptake. By confirming its anti‐inflammatory effects in chronic (periodontitis) and acute (sepsis) inflammatory disease, the tFNA‐based nanomedicine developed for inflammatory diseases may provide broad prospects for tFNA upgrading and various biological applications such as anti‐inflammatory.
Targeting RORα in macrophages to boost diabetic bone regeneration
Authors: Shen Yufeng , Tang Qingming , Wang Jiajia , Zhou Zheng , Yin Ying , Zhang Yifan , Zheng Wenhao , Wang Xinyuan , Chen Guangjin , Sun Jiwei , Chen Lili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) has become a serious threat to human health. Bone regeneration deficiency and nonunion caused by DM is perceived as a worldwide epidemic, with a very high socioeconomic impact on public health. Here, we find that targeted activation of retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor α (RORα) by SR1078 in the early stage of bone defect repair can significantly promote in situ bone regeneration of DM rats. Bone regeneration relies on the activation of macrophage RORα in the early bone repair, but RORα of DM rats fails to upregulation as hyperglycemic inflammatory microenvironment induced IGF1‐AMPK signalling deficiency. Mechanistic investigations suggest that RORα is vital for macrophage‐induced migration and proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via a CCL3/IL‐6 depending manner. In summary, our study identifies RORα expressed in macrophages during the early stage of bone defect repair is crucial for in situ bone regeneration, and offers a novel strategy for bone regeneration therapy and fracture repair in DM patients.
Frequency of delirium and its associated factors among COVID‐19 inpatients in Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Arimi Fatemeh , Zarghami Mehran , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Mehravaran Hossein , Sedighi Faranak , Ghasemian Roya , Elyasi Forouzan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimDelirium has been presented as the leading cause of sudden change in the mental state of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Given that the delayed diagnosis of such a dysfunction is often associated with excess mortality, it seems essential to devote vastly more attention to this significant clinical characteristic.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed on 309 patients [viz. 259 cases hospitalized in general wards and 50 individuals admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)]. For this purpose, a Demographic‐Clinical Information Questionnaire, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU), the Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) and face‐to‐face interviews were completed by a trained senior psychiatry resident. The data analysis was further done with the SPSS Statistics V22.0 software package.ResultsOut of 259 patients admitted to the general wards and 50 cases in the ICU due to COVID‐19, 41 (15.8%) and 11 (22%) individuals were diagnosed with delirium, respectively. As well, a significant relationship was observed between the incidence rate of delirium and age (p < 0.001), level of education (p < 0.001), hypertension (HTN) (p = 0.029), a history of stroke (p = 0.025), a history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (p = 0.007), a history of psychiatric disorders, a history of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), use of hypnotic and antipsychotic medications (p < 0.001) and a history of substance abuse (p = 0.023). Among 52 patients with delirium, only 20 cases had received psychiatric consultation by consultation‐liaison psychiatry service for the possibility of delirium.ConclusionIn view of the high frequency of delirium among COVID‐19 inpatients, their screening for this important mental state should be a priority in clinical settings.