bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the lights go down in the delivery room: Lessons from a ransomware attack
Authors: Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat , Ben‐Natan Merav , Roguin Ariel , Abbou Benyamine , Ofir Anna , Klein Adi , Dahan‐Shriki Dikla , Hallak Mordechai , Kessel Boris , Dudkiewicz Mickey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the challenges facing the obstetric division following a cyberattack and discuss ways of preparing for and overcoming another one.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study conducted in a mid‐sized medical center. Division activities, including the number of deliveries, cesarean sections, emergency room visits, admissions, maternal–fetal medicine department occupancy, and ambulatory encounters, from 2 weeks before the attack to 8 weeks following it (a total of 11 weeks), were compared with the retrospective period in 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19). In addition, we present the challenges and adaptation measures taken at the division and hospital levels leading up to the resumption of full division activity.ResultsOn the day of the cyberattack, critical decisions were made. The media announced the event, calling on patients not to come to our hospital. Also, all elective activities other than cesarean deliveries were stopped. The number of deliveries, admissions, and both emergency room and ambulatory clinic visits decreased by 5%–10% overall for 11 weeks, reflecting the decrease in division activity. Nevertheless, in all stations, there were sufficient activities and adaptation measures to ensure patient safety, decision‐making, and workflow of patients were accounted for.ConclusionsThe risk of ransomware cyberattacks is growing. Healthcare systems at all levels should recognize this threat and have protocols for dealing with them once they occur.
Interactions between extracellular vesicles and microbiome in human diseases: New therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Luo Rongjin , Chang Yanmin , Liang Huaizhen , Zhang Weifeng , Song Yu , Li Gaocai , Yang Cao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, accumulating research on the interactions between microbiome homeostasis and host health has broadened new frontiers in delineating the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies. By transporting proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites in their versatile bioactive molecules, extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural bioactive cell‐secreted nanoparticles, may be key mediators of microbiota–host communications. In addition to their positive and negative roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, there is considerable evidence to implicate EVs secreted by bacteria (bacterial EVs [BEVs]) in the onset and progression of various diseases, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatological, neurological, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as in cancer. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have explored BEV‐based platforms to design novel biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, in this review, we highlight the recent advances in BEV biogenesis, composition, biofunctions, and their potential involvement in disease pathologies. Furthermore, we introduce the current and emerging clinical applications of BEVs in diagnostic analytics, vaccine design, and novel therapeutic development.
Antifungal liposomes: Lipid saturation and cholesterol concentration impact interaction with fungal and mammalian cells
Authors: LaMastro Veronica , Campbell Kayla M. , Gonzalez Peter , Meng‐Saccoccio Tobias , Shukla Anita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiposomes are lipid‐based nanoparticles that have been used to deliver encapsulated drugs for a variety of applications, including treatment of life‐threatening fungal infections. By understanding the effect of composition on liposome interactions with both fungal and mammalian cells, new effective antifungal liposomes can be developed. In this study, we investigated the impact of lipid saturation and cholesterol content on fungal and mammalian cell interactions with liposomes. We used three phospholipids with different saturation levels (saturated hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), mono‐unsaturated 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC), and di‐unsaturated 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (PLPC)) and cholesterol concentrations ranging from 15% to 40% (w/w) in our liposome formulations. Using flow cytometry, >80% of Candida albicans SC5314 cells were found to interact with all liposome formulations developed, while >50% of clinical isolates tested exhibited interaction with these liposomes. In contrast, POPC‐containing formulations exhibited low levels of interaction with murine fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (<30%), while HSPC and PLPC formulations had >50% and >80% interaction, respectively. Further, PLPC formulations caused a significant decrease in mammalian cell viability. Formulations that resulted in low levels of mammalian cell interaction, minimal cytotoxicity, and high levels of fungal cell interaction were then used to encapsulate the antifungal drug, amphotericin B. These liposomes eradicated planktonic C. albicans at drug concentrations lower than free drug, potentially due to the high levels of liposome‐C. albicans interaction. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design of liposome formulations towards the development of new antifungal therapeutics.
Preparation and tumor‐targeting evaluation of BS‐CyP albumin nanoparticles modified with hyaluronic acid based on boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Ye Minjun , Li Bingyi , Shi Wanyu , Liu Huaize , Wang Yi , Chen Weiqing , Wang Jian , Wang Guixue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRadiation therapy has been widely used in the clinical treatment of tumors. Due to the low radiation absorption of tumors, a high dose of ionizing radiation is often required during radiotherapy, which causes serious damage to normal tissues near tumors. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is more targeted than conventional radiotherapy. To improve the therapeutic effect of cancer, albumin was selected as the drug carrier to wrap the fluorescent tracer boron drug BS‐CyP and prepare the nanoparticles. Then, we developed a novel tumor‐targeting nano‐boron drug by using hyaluronic acid to modify the nanoparticles. We found that BS‐CyP albumin nanoparticles modified with hyaluronic acid effectively delayed drug release and enhanced the aggregation, in tumors, showing good safety with no obvious toxicity to cells and mice. This study confirmed the advantages of boron drugs modified with hyaluronic acid targeting tumors and may provide a reference for BNCT.
Systemic osteosclerosis associated with primary bone marrow B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ozaki Shuji , Iima Tsutomu , Sekimoto Etsuko , Shibata Hironobu , Shigekiyo Toshio , Higuchi Yukio , Hirose Takanori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSystemic osteosclerosis is a rare complication of hematological malignancies. Primary myelofibrosis and acute megakaryocytic leukemia are known as underlying diseases; however, lymphoid tumors have rarely been reported. Here we describe a case of a 50‐year‐old man with severe systemic osteosclerosis associated with primary bone marrow B‐cell lymphoma. Analysis of bone metabolic markers revealed a high turnover of bone metabolism and an increase in serum osteoprotegerin levels. These results suggest the involvement of osteoprotegerin in the pathogenesis of osteosclerosis associated with hematological malignancies.
The pediatric indications for tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy: Race/ethnicity, age, and gender
Authors: Han Chihun Jim , Bergman Maxwell , Harley Randall J. , Harley Earl H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how pediatric indications for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy relate to gender, race/ethnicity, and age.MethodsIncluded consecutive pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy from a single tertiary academic institution between 2012 and 2019. Logistic regression analysis was used to measure association between the indication for tonsillectomy and the demographic variables gender, race/ethnicity, and age.ResultsOf the 1106 children included in this study, 53% were male and 47% were female. Half of the children were White, 40% were African American, 6% were Hispanic and 4% were other. The most common indication for surgery was upper airway obstruction alone (66%), followed by obstruction and infection (22%), and recurrent infections (12%). We found that male gender (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.24–2.04), African American race (OR 2.76, 95% CI 2.08–3.65), and younger age were associated with greater odds of presenting with upper airway obstruction as the indication for tonsillectomy. Conversely, male gender (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.92), African American race (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.26–0.61), and younger age were associated with lower odds of presenting with recurrent infection as the indication for tonsillectomy.ConclusionsMale gender, African American race, and young age are risk factors for tonsillar surgery due to airway obstruction. Female gender, White race, and older age are risk factors for tonsillar surgery due to recurrent throat infections.Level of Evidence3
Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism
Authors: Wang Wenting , Liu Yanfei , Li Yiwen , Luo Binyu , Lin Zhixiu , Chen Keji , Liu Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food‐based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant‐based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting‐edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.
A broadband flexible microwave‐optical compatible absorber
Authors: Li Meiling , Hu Wenhao , Zheng Qi , Yang Xuexia , Yi Zixuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband flexible absorber for compatible microwave‐optical absorption is proposed. The absorber consists of two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrates and three resistive layers made of conductive carbon black (CCB). Two CCB layers are employed as the frequency‐selective surface to achieve microwave absorption while the third one ensures high optical absorption. The PVC substrates provide the structure with good flexibility. An equivalent circuit model is presented to analyze broadband microwave absorption. Finally, the proposed structure is fabricated and tested. The total thickness of the absorber is only 4.05 mm. Simulation and measurement results show the proposed structure process wideband absorption over 90% in the frequency range from 6.24 to 19.8 GHz. The proposed absorber also shows a high‐efficient absorption in an optical band from 220 to 2500 nm. Experimental results verify the proposed absorber possesses compatible microwave‐optical absorption. In addition, the proposed structure possesses compactness and flexibility characteristics, making it easy to conform which indicates its promising applications in stealth areas.
Design of broadband microstrip three‐way directional coupler for multibeam antenna application
Authors: Han Kangkang , Wei Gao , Wang Min , Zhou Yuhang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a design of broadband microstrip three‐way directional coupler (TWDC) is presented. The broadband performance of the microstrip TWDC is realized by the method of cascading multi‐section. The broadband TWDC is designed to achieve equal power division and −120°, 0°, and +120° phase differences between output signals. To verify the broadband design, a prototype of three‐section microstrip TWDC operating at C‐band is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the power division error of the designed broadband TWDC is less than ±0.7 dB and phase error is less than ±12° at a relative bandwidth of 16%. To verify its performance in multibeam application, the designed TWDC is used as a beamforming network for multibeam antenna array to generate three orthogonal beams.
Motion guidance lines for robust data consistency–based retrospective motion correction in 2D and 3D MRI
Authors: Polak Daniel , Hossbach Julian , Splitthoff Daniel Nicolas , Clifford Bryan , Lo Wei‐Ching , Tabari Azadeh , Lang Min , Huang Susie Y. , Conklin John , Wald Lawrence L. , Cauley Stephen 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo develop a robust retrospective motion‐correction technique based on repeating k‐space guidance lines for improving motion correction in Cartesian 2D and 3D brain MRI.MethodsThe motion guidance lines are inserted into the standard sequence orderings for 2D turbo spin echo and 3D MPRAGE to inform a data consistency–based motion estimation and reconstruction, which can be guided by a low‐resolution scout. The extremely limited number of required guidance lines are repeated during each echo train and discarded in the final image reconstruction. Thus, integration within a standard k‐space acquisition ordering ensures the expected image quality/contrast and motion sensitivity of that sequence.ResultsThrough simulation and in vivo 2D multislice and 3D motion experiments, we demonstrate that respectively 2 or 4 optimized motion guidance lines per shot enables accurate motion estimation and correction. Clinically acceptable reconstruction times are achieved through fully separable on‐the‐fly motion optimizations (˜1 s/shot) using standard scanner GPU hardware.ConclusionThe addition of guidance lines to scout accelerated motion estimation facilitates robust retrospective motion correction that can be effectively introduced without perturbing standard clinical protocols and workflows.
Trends and Implications of Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer Without High‐Risk Features
Authors: Armstrong Austin T. , Velez‐Velez Lisa M. , Simpson Matt C. , Massa Sean T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetermine trends and survival implications of adjuvant systemic therapy use for lower risk head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUS National Cancer Database, 2010 to 2019.MethodsPatients with mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy were identified. Adjuvant systemic therapy trends in those with and without extranodal extension or positive margins were assessed as annual percent change by JoinPoint analysis. Factors associated with adjuvant systemic therapy and overall survival were assessed with multivariable models and cox proportional hazard models, respectively.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, approximately one‐third of head and neck cancer patients without extranodal extension or positive margins received adjuvant systemic therapy. This rate decreased throughout the study period, with the highest annual percent change from 2016 to 2019 (12.21%; 95% confidence interval: 3.73%‐19.95%). Younger age, male sex, Hispanic ethnicity, community program setting, advanced stage, and lymphovascular invasion increased the odds a patient would receive adjuvant systemic therapy. Adjuvant systemic therapy was associated with inferior overall survival when used in those without extranodal extension or positive margins after controlling for covariates.ConclusionThough decreasing, adjuvant systemic therapy use is still common in the absence of extranodal extension and positive margins, and a variety of patient, provider, and oncologic factors may influence its use. The inferior overall survival after adjuvant systemic therapy in the absence of high‐risk features suggests any oncologic benefit may not outweigh the costs and morbidity of the therapy.
Estimations of Inpatient and Ambulatory Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States: A Cross‐sectional Analysis
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Zhang Jinghan , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Lenes‐Voit Felicity , Ulualp Seckin , Liu Christopher , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of inpatient and ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomies in the United States in 2019.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingHealthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases.MethodsWe determined national incidences of hospital‐based ambulatory procedures, inpatient admissions, and readmissions among pediatric tonsillectomy patients, ages 0 to 20 years, using the Kids Inpatient Database, Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample, and Nationwide Readmission Database. We described the demographics, commonly associated conditions, complications, and predictors of readmission.ResultsAn estimated 559,900 ambulatory and 7100 inpatient tonsillectomies were performed in 2019. Among inpatients, the majority were male (59%) and the largest ethnic group was white (37%). Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH), 79%, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 74%, were the most frequent diagnosis and Medicaid (61%) was the most frequent primary payer. The majority of ambulatory tonsillectomy patients were female (52%) and white (65%); ATH, OSA, and Medicaid accounted for 62%, 29%, and 45% of cases, respectively, (all p < .001 when compared to inpatient cases). Common inpatient complications were bleeding (2%), pain/nausea/vomiting (5.6%), and postprocedural respiratory failure (1.7%). On the other hand, ambulatory complications occurred in less than 1% of patients. The readmission rate was 5.2%, with pain/nausea/vomiting and bleeding accounting for 35% and 23% of overall readmissions. All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups severity of illness subclass predicted readmission (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.73‐2.73, p < .001).ConclusionA total of 567,000 pediatric ambulatory and inpatient tonsillectomies were performed in 2019; the majority were performed in ambulatory settings. The index admission severity of illness was associated with readmission risk.
A cross‐country comparison of pregnant women's decision‐making and perspectives when opting for non‐invasive prenatal testing in the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: Lannoo Lore , van der Meij Karuna R. M. , Bekker Mireille N. , De Catte Luc , Deckers Sarah , Devriendt Koenraad , Roggen Nele , Galjaard Robert‐Jan H. , Gitsels‐van der Wal Janneke , Macville Merryn V. E. , Martin Linda , Sistermans Erik A. , Van Calsteren Kristel , Van Keirsbilck Joachim , Crombag Neeltje , Henneman Lidewij 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Netherlands and Belgium have been among the first countries to offer non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a first‐tier screening test. Despite similarities, differences exist in counseling modalities and test uptake. This study explored decision‐making and perspectives of pregnant women who opted for NIPT in both countries.MethodsA questionnaire study was performed among pregnant women in the Netherlands (NL) (n = 587) and Belgium (BE) (n = 444) opting for NIPT, including measures on informed choice, personal and societal perspectives on trisomy 21, 18 and 13 and pregnancy termination.ResultsDifferences between Dutch and Belgian women were shown in the level of informed choice (NL: 83% vs. BE: 59%, p < 0.001), intention to terminate the pregnancy in case of confirmed trisomy 21 (NL: 51% vs. BE: 62%, p = 0.003) and trisomy 13/18 (NL: 80% vs. BE: 73%, p = 0.020). More Belgian women considered trisomy 21 a severe condition (NL: 64% vs. BE: 81%, p < 0.001). Belgian women more frequently indicated that they believed parents are judged for having a child with trisomy 21 (BE: 42% vs. NL: 16%, p < 0.001) and were less positive about quality of care and support for children with trisomy 21 (BE: 23% vs. NL: 62%, p < 0.001).ConclusionDifferences in women's decision‐making regarding NIPT and the conditions screened for may be influenced by counseling aspects and country‐specific societal and cultural contexts.
Catalytic effect of DMSO in metal‐catalyzed radical polymerization mediated by disproportionation facilitates living and immortal radical polymerizations
Authors: Maurya Devendra S. , Adamson Jasper , Bensabeh Nabil , Lligadas Gerard , Percec Virgil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDMSO, an interesting solvent for copper‐catalyzed living radical polymerization (LRP) mediated by disproportionation, does not exhibit the greatest disproportionation of Cu(I)X into Cu(0) and Cu(II)X2. Under suitable conditions, DMSO provides 100% conversion and absence of termination, facilitating the development of complex‐architecture methodologies by living and immortal polymerizations. The mechanism yielding this level of precision is being investigated. Here we compare Cu(0)‐wire‐catalyzed LRP of methyl acrylate mediated by disproportionating ligands tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine, Me6‐TREN, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, TREN, and Me6‐TREN/TREN = 1/1 in presence of eight disproportionating solvents, some more efficient than DMSO in disproportionation. Unexpectedly, we observed that all solvents increased the rate of polymerization when monomer concentration decreased. This reversed trend from that of conventional LRPs demonstrates catalytic effect for disproportionating solvents. Above a certain concentration, the classic concentration‐rate dependence was observed. The external order of reaction of the apparent rate constant of propagation, kpapp on solvent concentration demonstrated the highest order of reaction for the least disproportionating DMSO. Of all solvents investigated, DMSO has the highest ability to stabilize Cu(0) nanoparticles and therefore, yields the highest activity of Cu(0) nanoparticles rather than their greatest concentration. The implications of the catalytic effect of solvent in this and other reactions were discussed.
A novel hypoxia‐activated polymeric Tirapazamine derivative for enhanced antitumor therapy
Authors: Xu Yajun , Lv Jianlin , Kong Chaoying , Li Yanran , Wang Kun , Shen Na , Tang Zhaohui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTirapazamine (TPZ, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐benzotriazine 1,4‐dioxide), a representative hypoxia‐activated prodrugs (HAPs), has entered Phase II/III clinical trials. Despite a promising phase II clinical trial results, TPZ does not bring benefits to cancer therapy in most phase III clinical trials, which making the clinical trials failed. To improve its therapeutic effects, in this study, we synthesize a novel TPZ derivative, 3‐(3‐(5‐hydroxypentyl)ureido)benzo[e][1,2,4]triazine 1,4‐dioxide (TPZH), and covalently conjugated it to poly (L‐glutamic acid) (PLG) to obtain TPZH nanoparticles (TPZH‐NPs). The TPZH‐NPs shows prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, and increased maximum tolerated dose (MTD) than TPZH. In addition, TPZH‐NPs exhibits significantly enhanced antitumor therapeutic efficiency than free TPZH against 4T1 breast tumors.