bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Sex‐Related Differences in Neuroprotective Effects of Cardiovascular Endurance on Cortical Thickness and Brain Volume in Adults Across Age
Authors: Won Junyeon , Gogniat Marissa , Smith J. Carson 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigher cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular endurance (CE) have been shown to be neuroprotective in older adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection across the adult lifespan are poorly understood. The current study sought to examine the neuroprotective effects of CRF on gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and mean cortical thickness (MCT), using a large sample across the adult lifespan. We also examined sex differences in these relationships.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included data from 1691 adults across the adult lifespan (22–100 years) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adults and Aging data. 2‐minute walk test performance was used as a proxy of CE. Structural MRI was used to assess total GM volume, WM volume, and MCT. Linear regression models were used to examine the interaction between age and CE on total GM volume, WM volume, and MCT after adjusting for sex, years of education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, gait speed, and total intracranial volume. Whole‐brain surface‐based analysis was also performed to investigate regional effects. Finally, interactions between age, sex, and CE were examined to test sex differences. p < 0.05, two‐sided test, was designed as statistically significant.ResultsWith greater CE, the associations between greater age and lower total and regional GM and WM volumes and MCT were attenuated in whole sample. In men, age was associated with lower total GM volume and MCT regardless of CE level. In women, attenuated negative associations between age and total GM volume and MCT were found in those with high CE.ConclusionGreater CE over the adult lifespan is associated with preservation of cortical thickness and brain volume, particularly in women.
Association of Myasthenia Gravis With Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Ke , Lu Jing , Xu Peng , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Xinzhi , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeObservational studies have indicated a high occurrence of coexistence between myasthenia gravis (MG) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in clinical settings, but the causal relationship between the two conditions remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the causal links between MG, along with its subgroups, and AITD through a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.MethodsGenetic instrumental variables associated with MG and AITD were selected from three major publicly available GWAS databases for MR analysis. The primary method for evaluating causal effects was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Supplementary methods included MR‐Egger regression and weighted median. The reliability and stability of the results were ensured through tests for heterogeneity, assessment of pleiotropy, and sensitivity analysis using the leave‐one‐out approach.ResultsThe investigation revealed reciprocal causal associations between MG and both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Genetic predisposition to MG was linked to an increased likelihood of developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR = 1.242(1.073–1.437, P = 0.0036)), and early‐onset MG also exhibited an association with an elevated risk of HT (OR = 1.157(1.073‐1.246), P = 1.269×10−4). No statistically significant relationships were found for the other conditions.ConclusionThis extensive MR analysis provides evidence suggesting a potential association between MG and AITD, particularly with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Consequently, proactive treatment strategies targeting either MG or autoimmune thyroid disorders may help mitigate the risk of comorbidities in affected patients.
Effects of Muse Cell on a Mouse Model With Acute Encephalopathy
Authors: Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Mori Tetsuji , Adachi Kaori , Fujii Jun , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Obata Fumiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute encephalopathy (AE) in childhood due to a viral infection causes convulsions and altered consciousness, leading to severe sequelae and death. Among the four types of AE, cytokine storm–induced AE is the most severe and causes serious damage to the brain. Moreover, a fundamental treatment for AE has not been established yet. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells, a population of mesenchymal stem cells, improves symptoms in various types of brain injuries when administered in the subacute phase (1–7 days after brain damage). We aimed to examine the effects of Muse cells in a cytokine storm–induced AE animal model using immunocompromised nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) neonatal mice.MethodsWe established a modified protocol to induce AE‐like symptoms in NOD/SCID. Then, Muse cells were injected at an acute phase (2–4 h after hyperthermia treatment).ResultsInjection of Muse cells significantly improved body weight gain 1 day after treatment and the survival ratio for 3 weeks.ConclusionThese effects could be a result of the direct and/or indirect upregulation of IL‐10, an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, in the Muse cell–treated brain. Although non‐Muse cells, a residual cell population in the bone marrow after isolating Muse cells, also improved some symptoms, their effects were weaker than those of Muse cells. Our results indicate that the injection of Muse cells in the acute phase has an effect on AE, suggesting that they exert their therapeutic effects not only in the subacute phase but also in the acute phase.
Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fu Binbin , Zhou Xiangyue , Zhou Xuan , Li Xin , Chen Zhengquan , Zhang Yanbin , Du Qing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising neuromodulation technique that has been widely used in neuropsychiatric disorders, but there was no evidence on its effect on the improvement attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of TMS in reducing ADHD symptoms.MethodWe systematically searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) for randomized controlled/crossover trials on the efficacy and safety of TMS on ADHD symptom improvement compared to sham rTMS or non‐TMS interventions, published until September 18, 2024. Extracted data from the included studies involved patient characteristics, intervention protocols, and main outcomes. The effect size of the TMS treatment was evaluated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), calculated with either a random effects model or fixed effects model depending on the level of heterogeneity.ResultEight studies (325 ADHD patients in total) were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. According to the core symptoms, TMS significantly improved inattention (SMD = −0.94, 95% CI = −1.33 to −0.56, p < 0.001) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = −0.98, 95% CI = −1.27 to −0.69, p < 0.001) compared to non‐TMS interventions after 3–6 weeks of intervention. During the 1‐month follow‐up, the TMS group still demonstrated a significant improvement in inattention symptoms compared to the non‐TMS group (SMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −1.06 to 0.28, p < 0.001). The total symptoms in the TMS group only showed improvement in the 1‐month follow‐up compared to the non‐TMS group. (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.82 to −0.14, p = 0.005). Only minor adverse events were reported in the included studies, comprising headache and scalp discomfort.ConclusionTMS significantly improved the inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and total symptom scores in ADHD patients with minor adverse events. Future research should focus on the association between different brain regions and symptoms in ADHD patients, which is crucial for stimulation navigation in TMS interventions. The trial is registered in PROSPERO (PROSPERO registry number: CRD42023473853).
Predictors of the Short‐Term Outcomes of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Exploring Electrodiagnostic and Clinical Features
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hsiang , Wu Chia‐Lun , Weng Wei‐Chieh , Wei Yi‐Chia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, is characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis. Prompt identification of patients at a high risk of poor outcomes is crucial for timely intervention. In this study, we combined clinical data with nerve conduction study and electromyography data to identify the predictors of GBS outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with GBS who had received treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, between 1998 and 2022. Comprehensive clinical and electrophysiological data were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the predictors of poor outcomes. The patients were stratified into two groups by their scores on the GBS Disability Scale: good (score ≤ 2) and poor (score > 2) outcome groups.ResultsThe study finally included 24 GBS patients (mean age: 53.0 ± 20.9 years; female‐to‐male ratio: 2.3; good outcome group: 13; poor outcome group: 11). Compared with the good outcome group, the poor outcome group was old (43.0 ± 20.4 vs. 64.0 ± 15.7, p = 0.011), had a short time‐to‐treatment period (12.9 ± 7.8 vs. 6.5 ± 5.4 days, p = 0.033), exhibited more prevalent mechanical ventilation use (0 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.017), and had a prolonged hospitalization duration (14.7 ± 10.2 vs. 53.1 ± 20.0 days, p < 0.001). Poor outcomes were associated with low compound muscle action potential (CMAP), slow motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), abnormal F‐wave latency, and more conduction block and temporal dispersion. In the subgroup of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), there were 19 patients, out of which 10 had good outcomes, while nine had poor outcomes. The clinical features that differentiate between good and poor outcomes in the AIDP subgroup were similar to those observed in all GBS patients. Notably, the motor conduction features, including distal and proximal CMAP and MNCV of the median and tibial nerves (all p < 0.05), were particularly important electrodiagnostic features of outcome discrimination in the AIDP subgroup.DiscussionCombining clinical data with nerve conduction study and electromyography data can assist in predicting outcomes of both GBS patients and the AIDP subgroup. Poor outcomes are associated with older age, a more abrupt onset pattern, low CMAP, and slow nerve conduction, and abnormal tibial F responses can predict poor outcomes. Early identification of high‐risk patients facilitates tailored interventions. This highlights the importance of combining clinical and electrophysiological data in GBS management.
Therapeutic Metaphors Enhance Memory Systems in Mental Health Contexts
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhang Zhijie , Zhang Wencai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPsychotherapeutic memory plays an important role in maintaining therapeutic effects; however, the neural mechanisms of therapeutic metaphor promoting long‐term memory were still unknown.ObjectiveThis study used metaphorical micro‐counseling dialog scenarios to investigate the memory effect of therapeutic metaphor and correlated neural mechanisms.MethodsAt first, 31 participants read a mental distress problem, followed by a metaphorical or a literal solution, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during the encoding phase. One week later, a recognition memory test was performed outside the scanner.ResultsThe results revealed that metaphorical solutions were associated with higher insight experiences and better memory performance than literal solutions. Greater activations were observed in the multiple memory systems, including episodic (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus), emotional (amygdala), and procedural/implicit (caudate, putamen, and cerebellum), in contrast to later remembered versus later forgotten based on the gap between metaphorical and literal solutions. Insightfulness and activities of the hippocampus, caudate, and cerebellum could predict memory performance.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that multiple memory systems are involved in successful memory encoding of therapeutic metaphors; this suggested that incorporating metaphors into psychotherapy practices could lead to better retention of therapeutic information and improve clinical outcomes compared to literal psychotherapy.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Phlomis armeniaca: Potential Applicant in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Menevseoglu Ahmed , Yılmaz Fırat , Topal Meryem , Topal Fevzi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Phlomis armeniaca, a perennial plant native to the eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey. Ethanol extracts of the plant were analyzed using various bioanalytical methods, including Fe3⁺‐Fe2⁺ reducing power, Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2‐azinobis 3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content assessments. The results showed that P. armeniaca is rich in phenolic (38.75 ± 0.59 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract) and flavonoid compounds (39.34 ± 4.08 µg quercetin equivalents/mg extract). The plant demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 45.00 ± 0.48 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 84.51 ± 0.84 mg/mL) enzymes, indicating its potential use in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. The study also highlighted P. armeniaca’s high chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid contents, supporting its antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that P. armeniaca could be a valuable natural resource for developing therapeutic agents to manage oxidative stress and related conditions, warranting further pharmacological exploration.
“Use of Snare Catheter Technique in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Self‐Expandable Valve: Expert Review”
Authors: Aquino‐Bruno Heberto , García‐García Juan F. , Gayosso‐Ortiz Jose R. , Alcántara‐Meléndez Marco A. , Fuentes‐Moreno Juan C. , Blancas Perez Luis A. , Hernández‐Flores Kevin R. , Muratalla‐González Roberto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe use of the snare catheter (SC) technique has been described in the field of interventional cardiology, in particular in the retrieval of a lost device, for example, a dislodged coronary stent, broken coronary wire, and so forth. In the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure, some cases have been observed where the anatomy is challenging or there are scenarios where some complications occur during the procedure, which make it necessary to use some tools to achieve the success of the procedure. The SC has shown are very useful either to achieve the ascent of the valve to the annular plane in complex anatomies or as a rescue measure in the event of complications that may arise after valve implantation.
One‐Pot Cascade [3 + 2 + 1] Annulation: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insight of s‐Triazines and Pyrimidines Using Azo‐Supported Metalloradical Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Jana Debashis , Malik Sampad , Kanrar Gopal , Halder Supriyo , Naskar Srijita , Pramanik Kausikisankar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHighly efficient Ni‐catalyzed C─N/C─C bond formation from amidines during the [3 + 2 + 1] annulation by primary alcohols alone or by primary alcohols with secondary alcohols/phenyl acetylenes has been successfully accomplished toward scaled synthesis of s‐triazine and pyrimidines, respectively. A strongly π‐acidic bis‐azo NNN‐pincer scaffold was successfully introduced for dual functionalization such as augmenting the sustainability of the molecular catalyst by enhancing the metal–ligand integrity and interposing a potent electron‐sink chromophore. The high yield synthesis (up to 94%) of poly‐azaheterocycles with merely 0.001 mol% catalyst loading demonstrates the potency of azo‐anion radical assisted catalysis. A diverse range of primary and secondary alcohols are successfully used as substrates. Furthermore, use of methanol/ethanol as C1/C2 synthon (alkylating agents) enables the formation of challenging imine intermediates from amidines through dehydrogenation under mild conditions. This facilitates the synthesis of wide varieties of s‐triazines, and pyrimidines driven by the auto‐tandem catalyst. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the formation of C─C and C─N bonds proceed through a metalloradical catalysis (MRC) pathway instead of borrowing hydrogen (BH) method and thereby addresses the challenge of controlling stereoselection. This process is initiated by Ni‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) of the alcohol substrate, followed by a series of sequential steps, including condensation, aza‐Michael addition, cyclization, and subsequent dehydrogenation. The well‐defined one‐electron reductive response at −0.34 V (versus Fc+/Fc) is indicative of the involvement of azo anion radical during catalytic annulation. The formation of the ligand radical intermediate was further substantiated by an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study conducted both in the presence and absence of radical scavengers, specifically 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
Tracking the Mode of Carbon Deposition During Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni/γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Ay Hale , Mao Haiyan , Xu Jun , Reimer Jefferey A. , Uner Deniz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDry reforming of methane was studied over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst at 600 °C with varying CO2/CH4 ratios (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5). 13CO2 as well as 12CO2 were used along with 12CH4 and resulting carbon was characterized with 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy in order to elucidate the role of CO2 in carbon build up. 13C NMR results revealed that carbon in the deposited coke not only came from CH4, but also from CO2. CO2 saturation coverage is determined by adsorption calorimetry as 0.02 mole/site at 323 K, populated on Al2O3. The critical CO2/CH4 ratio for the onset of carbon growth at atmospheric pressure was determined as 1.8 in good agreement with the literature. The effect of CO2/CH4 ratio on the type of carbon formation was investigated by HCTEM. Long‐term reaction tests resulted in octopus carbon structure with several fibers growing from one nickel crystal. Above the critical CO2/CH4 ratio, carbon growth was inhibited, only a small amount of amorphous carbon could form. At CO2/CH4 ratios below the critical value, whisker formation was clearly observed. When the steady state operation of reforming reaction was changed to a transient operation by injecting pure CO2 flow to the reactor, coke deposition could be inhibited at the expense of hydrogen stoichiometry.
Tuning Optical Properties of Organic Thin Films through Intermolecular Interactions – Fundamentals, Advances and Strategies
Authors: Jasmin Finkelmeyer Sarah , Presselt Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn applications ranging from photon‐energy conversion into electrical or chemical forms (such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis) to numerous sensor technologies based on organic solids, the role of supramolecular structures and chromophore interactions is crucial. This review comprehensively examines the critical intermolecular interactions between organic dyes and their impact on optical properties. We explore the range of changes in absorption or emission properties observed in molecular aggregates compared to single molecules. Each effect is dissected to reveal its physicochemical foundations, relevance to different application domains, and documented examples from the literature that illustrate the potential modulation of absorption or emission properties by molecular and supramolecular structural adjustments. This work aims to serve as a concise guide for exploiting supramolecular phenomena in the innovation of novel optical and optoelectronic organic materials, with emphasis on strategic application and exploitation.
Zirconium(IV)‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Organic Carbonates and Polycarbonates Household Wastes into Alcohol Derivatives[]**
Authors: Theulier Cyril A. , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Cantat Thibault 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Schwartz's reagent Cp2Zr(H)Cl is a well known stoichiometric reagent for the reduction of unsaturated organic molecules but it has rarely been used in catalytic transformations. Herein, we describe the reduction of a variety of organic carbonates using the catalyst Cp2Zr(H)Cl in combination with Me(MeO)2SiH (DMMS) as reductant. This method was further applied to the reductive depolymerization of some polycarbonate materials and yielded silylated alcohols and diols in mild conditions. This method for the recycling polycarbonates is characterized by its stability to the additives contained in household plastics as well as its ability to selectively depolymerize the polycarbonate PC‐BPA when mixed with the polyester PET. Experimental investigations brought evidences on a mechanism based on the succession of a three steps sequence comprising the hydrozirconation of the carbonyl fragment, thermal σ C−O bond cleavage, and an ultimate Zr−OR/Si−H σ‐bond metathesis reaction to regenerate the hydride catalyst.
Organoselenium Ligand Enabled Selective Electron Tuning for Switchable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jaiswal Svastik , Jha Raushan Kumar , Parganiha Devendra , Kumar Sangit 
Published: January 2025

Unraveling the electronic structure of metal complexes can bring various catalytic possibilities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the electronic effect of metal and ligands modulating and switching the reaction center for HER has yet to be comprehensively analyzed. Herein, we report nickel selenoether electrocatalysts which show tunable reaction centers (nickel or ligand) for HER using mild weak acetic acid in less deprotonating DMF solvent. Synthesized nickel selenoether electrocatalysts which follow a ligand‐centered pathway demonstrated remarkably high turnover frequency (kobs) upto 14000 s‐1 with 93% Faradaic Efficiency (F.E.). Whereas Ni‐electrocatalyst having N‐donor and selenoether ligands follow a metal‐centered HER and show kobs value of 2110 s‐1 with F.E. of 98%. A kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) study using CD3CO2D provides kH/kD = 0.49 and 13.01 values for two types of catalysts suggestive of metal‐centered and ligand‐centered catalytic behavior, respectively. Also, EPR studies revealed nickel‐centered and ligand‐centered radicals in two types of Ni‐electrocatalysts. Mechanistically, the EPR, CV, and DFT computation studies suggest that the electron density of the selenoether ligand plays a crucial role by acting as an electron reservoir in deciding the reaction pathways, whether hydride formation occurs at metal‐centered leading to Ni‐H intermediate or ligand‐centered pathways for HER.