bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on epoxy granite reinforced polymer composites in machine tool structures – Static, dynamic and thermal characteristics
Authors: Mula Venkata Ramana , Ramachandran ArunRamnath , Pudukarai Ramasamy Thyla 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMachine tool structures produced with Epoxy Granite reinforced polymer composites (EGPCs) have gained prominence in recent years and have replaced conventional cast iron materials and other metals due to its remarkable damping characteristics. However, machine tool structures manufactured with EGPCs tends to exhibit limited strength, stiffness and stability. Such challenges in EGPCs are resolved by incorporation of steel as additional reinforcement and enhanced mechanical properties are observed in these hybrid machine‐tool structures. Hybrid epoxy granite machine tool structures with enhanced mechanical performance are prone to thermal errors resulting in machining inaccuracies and limited performance. Thermal errors induced in machine tool structures could be attributed due to effect of temperature distribution and displacements at the Tool Center Point (TCP). This review work carried out focuses predominantly on design methods adopted in resolving the challenges identified in development of machine tool structures and further analyses results of several polymer concrete‐based machine tool structures with regard to static, dynamic and thermal characteristics. Several review works conducted earlier have discussed the results of static and dynamic characteristics, whereas this review work provides additional information on thermal based errors induced and discusses the methods adopted in compensation of thermal errors. In this review paper, research studies pertaining to static and dynamic characteristics of different machine tool structures performed in last three decades have been discussed and a wholistic information is provided in relation with static, dynamic and thermal characteristics and properties toward developing a machine tool structure with a novel, newer class or alternative materials.
Degradation prediction of mode I cohesive laws of hygrothermally aged CFRP adhesive joint using a direct method and accelerated aging
Authors: Tauheed Mohd , Datla Naresh V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA framework has been proposed to predict the mode I cohesive law parameters of degraded composite adhesive joint using direct method and accelerated aging tests. Double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens made with CFRP and epoxy were used to study mode I fracture. Accelerated and uniform aging was achieved using open‐faced specimens aged at 40°C and 82% relative humidity. Fracture testing of aged open‐faced specimens along with crack‐tip images were used to determine the degradation in traction‐separation law (TSL) with an aging. These correlations with bilinear TSL with aging were then used to develop a 3D finite element model of a closed DCB specimen that captures the nonuniform degradation across the specimen width. The TSL parameters degraded significantly at the edges compared with width center for closed DCB specimens. Reasonable agreement was observed between the predictions and the maximum load response of the closed joint.
Validity and reliability of a computerized cognitive function evaluation battery (CogEvo) as a screening tool
Authors: Sawada Yoichi , Satoh Toru , Saba Hideaki , Kitamoto Hiroshi , Kato Yoshiki , Shiozuka Yoshiko , Kuwada Tomoko , Murakami Kana , Sasaki Megumi , Abe Yudai , Harano Kaori 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of cognitive function evaluation battery, CogEvo, a recently developed computerized cognitive function evaluation battery, as a screening tool for decreased cognitive function.MethodsThe study sample comprised 123 (age: 57–97 years) community‐dwelling elderly people. They were required to perform five CogEvo tasks and complete two questions‐based neuropsychological tests, including the Mini‐Mental State Examination, so that the correlations could be analyzed. The validity and reliability of CogEvo were examined using factor analysis, MacDonald's omega reliability coefficient, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed the orientation/spatial cognitive function (orientation and spatial cognition) and attention/executive function (attention, memory, and execution) factors. Structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All two‐factor‐based subtasks showed adequate internal consistency (MacDonald's omega ≥0.6). The total CogEvo score and two‐factor scores were significantly correlated with neuropsychological test results. Based on the total CogEvo score, the cognitively normal and cognitive decline groups were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a moderate predictive performance. The cognitive decline group was well identified using the orientation/spatial cognitive function factor.ConclusionsCogEvo is a valid and reliable screening tool for cognitive function evaluation. It proved useful in the early identification of cognitive decline in our study sample.
Altering Ligand Microenvironment of Atomically Dispersed CrN4 by Axial Ligand Sulfur for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline and Acidic Medium
Authors: Guo Yingying , Yin Hengbo , Cheng Feifei , Li Minhan , Zhang Shouren , Wu Donghai , Wang Kaixi , Wu Yunhan , Yang Baocheng , Zhang Jia‐Nan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBecause of the instability and Fenton reactivity of non‐precious metal nitrogen‐carbon based catalyst when processing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), seeking for electrocatalysts with highly efficient performance becomes very highly desired to speed up the commercialization of fuel cell. Herein, chromium (Cr)‐N4 electrocatalyst containing extraterrestrial S formed axial S1‐Cr1N4 bonds (S1Cr1N4C) is achieved via an assembly polymerization and confined pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from the adjusting coordination configuration and electronic structure of the metal center through axial coordination, S1Cr1N4C exhibits enhanced the intrinsic activity (half‐wave potential (E1/2) is 0.90 V versus reversable hydrogen electrode, RHE) compared with that of CrN4C and Pt/C catalysts. More notably, the catalyst is almost inert in catalyzing the Fenton reaction, and thus shows the high stability. Density functional theory (DFT) results further reveal that the existence of axial S atoms in S1Cr1N4C moiety has the better ORR activity than Cr1N4C moieties. The axial S ligand in S1Cr1N4C moiety can break the electron localization around the planar Cr1N4 active center, which facilitated the rate‐limiting reductive release of OH* and accelerated overall ORR process. The present work opens up a new avenue to modulate the axial ligand type of the single‐atoms (SAs) active center to enhance intrinsic SAs performances.
Activating RuOCo Interaction on thea‐Co(OH)2@Ru Interface for Accelerating the Volmer Step of Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Jiajun , Zheng Xuerong , Wang Haozhi , Zhang Jinfeng , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts in acid electrolytes generally lose considerable catalytic performance in alkaline electrolytes mainly due to the additional water dissociation step. Designing composite materials is an effective strategy to accelerate alkaline water electrolysis by optimizing the electronic structure of materials. Here, different phases of Co(OH)2‐supported Ru clusters (α/β‐Co(OH)2@Ru) are prepared for enabling a highly efficient electrocatalytic HER performance in alkaline solution. The prepared α‐Co(OH)2nanosheets facilitate the loading of uniform and high‐density Ru clusters and the formed highly active RuOCo bonds at the interface. The synergistic interaction endows the hybrid catalyst with low overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the homemade anion exchange membrane water electrolysis cell based on α‐Co(OH)2@Ru affords a cell voltage of 2 V to drive a current density of 270 mA cm−2and performs stably during continuous operation for over 100 h. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that active RuOCo bonds in α‐Co(OH)2@Ru optimize the energy barriers for H2O dissociation and OH−desorption to facilitate the Volmer reaction step. This work offers a strategy for designing interfacial chemical bonds for high electrocatalytic activity.
After Shleifer, who needs Mises?
Authors: Faria Anna B. , Subrick John Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe demise of socialism in Eastern Europe and the transition to a market economy in China and India marked the end of traditional comparative economics as a field. The debate between capitalism and socialism was settled. The economic calculation argument of Ludwig von Mises seemed no longer relevant. In its place, the new comparative economics (NCE) arose. The NCE focuses on the institutional differences that affect the protection of contract and property rights. The research program of Andrei Shleifer has provided numerous insights into how markets operate. This paper examines the Shleifer‐inspired program in comparative economics in light of the economic calculation argument Mises made. Although the recent developments in comparative economics have extended and complemented the contributions of Mises, it has not displaced them. An account of the economic calculation problem is still missing in the new comparative economics.
Genome‐wide identification of HD‐ZIP gene family and screening of genes related to prickle development in Zanthoxylum armatum
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Chen Zexiong , Wang Caini , Zhou Xian , Tang Ning , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Feng , Yang Zhiwu , Luo Chengrong , Liao Yongling , Ye Jiabao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractZanthoxylum armatum is an important cash crop for medicinal and food purposes in Asia. However, its stems and leaves are covered with a large number of prickles, which cause many problems in the production process. The homeodomain leucine zipper (HD‐ZIP) gene family is a class of transcription factors unique to plants that play an important role in biological processes such as morphogenesis, signal transduction, and secondary metabolite synthesis. However, little is known about HD‐ZIP gene information that may be involved in prickle development of Z. armatum. Here, we identified 76 ZaHDZ genes from the Z. armatum genome and classified them into four subfamilies (I–IV) based on phylogenetic analysis, a classification further supported by gene structure and conserved motif analysis. Seventy‐six ZaHDZ genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed that the expansion of ZaHDZ genes mainly were due to whole‐genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication, and they experienced strong purifying selection pressure in the process of evolution. A total of 47 cis‐elements were identified in the promoter region of ZaHDZ genes. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed on subfamily IV ZaHDZ gene expression levels in five tissues and under four hormone treatments. Finally, ZaHDZ16 was predicted to be the candidate gene most likely to be involved in prickle development of Z. armatum. These results contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of HD‐ZIP gene family and lay a foundation for further study on the function of genes related to prickle development of Z. armatum.
Introduction: Technology Assessment Beyond National Boundaries
Authors: Hennen Leonhard , Peissl Walter , Hahn Julia , Ladikas Miltos , van Est Rinie , Lindner Ralf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractModern societies are immensely permeated by technologies and thus also dependent on them. Increasingly, this is also true for countries in the global South. As a result, questions about the interdependencies of technology and society, the possible mutual influences and the social governance of technology are becoming a global challenge.
Global Systems Resilience and Pandemic Disease—A Challenge for S&T Governance
Authors: Monteiro Marko , Roth Florian , Shelley-Egan Clare 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the governance of health technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and reflects on three interrelated challenges that need to be addressed in future assessment approaches for achieving systemic resilience: problems of scale, trust and politics. The chapter focuses on digital surveillance technologies and vaccines, two cornerstones in the efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the globe. Tracing apps were introduced in many countries, but their effectiveness has been constrained by issues of data privacy, insufficient interoperability and digital inequalities. In parallel, a global research race enabled the development of different vaccines with unprecedented speed, building on innovative biotechnologies. However, vaccination worldwide was marked by disparities in access and controversy. We conclude that governance and assessment should be built around strong international coordination and cooperation, without limiting local experimental learning and innovation. Further, public trust should be considered as a necessary condition for the success of any technological innovation in the health context. As trust in policymakers, academia and industry is strongly context-specific, global governance should also be sensitive to the diversity of social and cultural contexts. Finally, to improve overall systemic resilience, global power imbalances should be addressed in all phases of the innovation process.
Globalisation as Reflexive Modernisation—Implications for S&T Governance
Authors: Hennen Leonhard , van Est Rinie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chapter explores the dimensions and problems of globalisation, as discussed in the scholarly literature of the last decades, to provide a general reflection on the meaning of globalisation in the field of science and technology governance and identify the challenges of transferring TA activities to the global level. Globalisation is understood as an articulation of “reflexive modernisation”, and thus features to a high extent “reflexive” problems of governance-making, such as systematic uncertainties of knowledge and cultural diversity of relevant values and norms. Great economic interdependencies as well as inequalities, together with the fact that technological and environmental risks are largely of global character and transcend the reach of national policymaking bodies, make up the challenges of globalisation. TA is presented as an instrument tailor-made for reflexive governance, and thus as a natural support for politics under the conditions of globalisation, if it manages to strengthen its global character.
Climate Change—Does the IPCC Model Provide the Foundation for a Potential Global Technology Assessment Framework?
Authors: Ashworth Peta , Clarke Elliot 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the structure, practises and methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a legitimate scientific institution and its interplay with the global political decision-making forum of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). By examining the successes and shortfalls of the IPCC process and comparing these with Technology Assessment (TA) theory and practice, we investigate whether such an institutionalised process of co-design between governments and researchers could serve as a potential global TA model. We identified four central challenges including: (a) a lack of impact through initiating action based on current government commitments, (b) the pursuit of consensus-based and situated knowledge, (c) reporting inaccuracies leading to mistrust, and (d) accessibility of information across different scales. We suggest there is potential for each of these deficiencies to be addressed using existing analytical and impact TA frameworks, resulting in more authentic and accepted outcomes from a global governance perspective. Highlighting that this may also help to build trust in science advice at the country and community level. By applying a critical lens to the IPCC process as one potential global TA model, we argue that with the addition of grassroots participatory TA, alongside traditional governance and reporting frameworks, there is potential to deliver holistic solutions on a range of global challenges.
Predictors of outcomes in patients with repeat surgery for obstetric fistula: a retrospective review
Authors: Maljaars Lennart P. , Hesham Helai , Huisman Hiske , Nundwe William , Roovers Jan-Paul W. R. , Pope Rachel J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Predictors of surgical outcomes in patients with an obstetric fistula who have been operated before should be identified in order to guide surgical strategy and optimize counseling of the patient.

Methods
This retrospective study is aimed at identifying predictors of outcomes for repeat surgery in 346 patients who had been operated on before for an obstetrics fistula at the Fistula Care Center (FCC) in Lilongwe, Malawi. Repeat cases were only undertaken by advanced and expert surgeons. The primary outcome was successful anatomical closure, based on a negative postoperative dye test. The secondary outcomes involved urinary continence, based on a patient-reported questionnaire and an objective 1-h pad weight test. Logistic regression models were used to test the predictors for statistical significance.

Results
Successful fistula closure was achieved in 288 (83%) patients and continence was achieved in 185 (64%) patients after the first repeat attempt at the FCC. Lack of urethral involvement (Goh classification: proximity to the urethra) was shown to be a good predictor of the outcomes: fistula closure and subjective and objective continence.

Conclusions
Absence of urethral involvement is an independent predictor for successful outcomes in repeat surgery for obstetric fistulas. Even in the hands of an expert surgeon, the risk of another failure in achieving anatomical closure or subjective or objective continence is between 4 and 5 times higher than when the urethra is not involved.
Thiol-ene-based microfluidic chips for glycopeptide enrichment and online digestion of inflammation-related proteins osteopontin and immunoglobulin G
Authors: Zhou Yuye , Jönsson Alexander , Sticker Drago , Zhou Guojun , Yuan Zishuo , Kutter Jörg P. , Emmer Åsa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProteins, and more specifically glycoproteins, have been widely used as biomarkers, e.g., to monitor disease states. Bottom-up approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) are techniques commonly utilized in glycoproteomics, involving protein digestion and glycopeptide enrichment. Here, a dual function polymeric thiol-ene-based microfluidic chip (TE microchip) was applied for the analysis of the proteins osteopontin (OPN) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), which have important roles in autoimmune diseases, in inflammatory diseases, and in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). TE microchips with larger internal surface features immobilized with trypsin were successfully utilized for OPN digestion, providing rapid and efficient digestion with a residence time of a few seconds. Furthermore, TE microchips surface-modified with ascorbic acid linker (TEA microchip) have been successfully utilized for IgG glycopeptide enrichment. To illustrate the use of the chips for more complex samples, they were applied to enrich IgG glycopeptides from human serum samples with antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The dual functional TE microchips could provide high throughput for online protein digestion and glycopeptide enrichment, showing great promise for future extended applications in proteomics and the study of related diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Severity of post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass dumping syndrome and weight loss outcomes: is there any correlation?
Authors: Kermansaravi Mohammad , ShahabiShahmiri Shahab , Vilallonga Ramon , Gholizadeh Barmak , DavarpanahJazi Amir Hossein , Farsi Yeganeh , Valizadeh Rohollah , Rezvani Masoud 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the severity of dumping syndrome (DS) on weight loss outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in patients with class III obesity.

Methods
The present retrospective cohort study used the dumping symptom rating scale (DSRS) to evaluate the severity of DS and its correlation with weight loss outcomes in 207 patients 1 year after their RYGB. The patients were assigned to group A with mild-to-moderate DS or group B with severe DS.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 42.18 ± 10.46 years and their mean preoperative BMI 42.74 ± 5.59 kg/m2. The total weight loss percentage (%TWL) in group B was insignificantly higher than that in group A, but besides that was not significantly different in the two groups.

Conclusion
The present findings suggested insignificant relationships between the presence and severity of DS after RYGB and adequate postoperative weight loss.
Transanal full-thickness excision for rectal neoplasm: is it advisable to leave the defect open?
Authors: Gracia J. A. , Elia M. , Cordoba E. , Gonzalo A. , Ramirez J. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
After a full-thickness total wall excision of a rectal tumor, suturing the defect is generally recommended. Recently, due to various contradictory studies, there is a trend to leave the defects open. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether leaving the defect open is an adequate management strategy compared with suturing it closed based on postoperative outcomes and recurrences.

Methods
A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database was conducted. Adult patients who underwent transanal surgery for rectal neoplasm in our institution from 1997 to 2019 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: sutured (group A) or unsutured (group B) rectal defect. The primary outcomes were morbidity (early and late) and recurrence.

Results
In total, 404 (239 men) patients were analyzed, 143 (35.4%) from group A and 261 (64.6%) from group B. No differences were observed in tumor size, distance from the anal verge or operation time. The overall incidence of complications was significantly higher in patients from group B, which nearly double the rate of group A. With a mean follow-up of 58 (range, 12–96) months, seven patients presented with a rectal stricture, all of them from group B.

Conclusions
We acknowledge the occasional impossibility of closing the defect in patients who undergo local excision; however, when it is possible, the present data suggest that there may be advantages to suturing the defect closed.