bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of mixing speed, solids concentration and enzyme dosage on dry solids yield and protein recovery during enzymatic hydrolysis of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) processing by-products using Alcalase 2.4L: a multivariable optimisation approach
Authors: Chiodza Kudzai , Goosen Neill J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractYield and protein recovery are important variables for process design, which cannot be achieved using degree of hydrolysis (DH). Even though it is known that mixing speed and solids concentration affect mass and energy transfer in bioprocess reaction, previous research has not provided a clear relationship between these two variables and their effect on yield of dry solids and protein recovery during enzyme hydrolysis. The yield of dry solids and protein recovery from enzyme hydrolysis of sardine processing by-products was compared at different levels of mixing speed (100–300 rpm), solids concentration (26–50%) and enzyme dosage (1.318–4.682%). Results showed that low mixing speed (100 rpm), low solids concentration (26–30.8%) and high enzyme dosage (4.682%) optimised degree of hydrolysis to 25.7%, yield of dry solids to 69.1% and protein recovery to 83.0%. Under these conditions, protein loss to emulsion and sludge were minimised to 5.82% and 11.2%, respectively. Although low solids concentration resulted in high solids yield and high protein recovery due to favourable mass transfer effects, hydrolysing material under these conditions will come at a significant cost of larger equipment designs and energy cost for mixing and downstream processing because of the large volume of water to be handled. There is therefore a need for a holistic approach to enzyme hydrolysis optimisation studies, with downstream processing in mind. The significant findings of this study show the impact of process variables and their interaction, particularly solids concentration, on process performance using multivariable optimisation.
Well-to-Wheels emission inventory for the passenger vehicles of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Cuéllar-Álvarez Y. , Guevara-Luna M. A. , Belalcázar-Cerón L. C. , Clappier A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmission inventories are essential in air quality management; they identify the main sources of atmospheric pollution and define mitigation strategies. Most vehicle emission inventories estimate direct emissions, including combustion and, in some cases, wear and dust resuspension emissions. However, emission inventories typically do not account for indirect fuel production, storage, and transportation emissions. This study quantifies the Well-to-Wheels emissions from all passenger transport vehicles in Bogotá, Colombia. This inventory estimates direct emissions from fuel combustion, wear and dust resuspension, and indirect emissions. This study analyzes all vehicle technologies and fuels used to transport passengers in the city and estimates PM2.5, SO2, CO, NOx, Volatile Organic Compounds, and greenhouse gas (CO2-Eq) emissions. COPERT model was adapted to local conditions to estimate direct combustion emissions and European Monitoring and Evaluation Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodologies to estimate wear and dust resuspension emissions. We used the OpenLCA® Software, the ecoinvent 3.4 database, and all locally available information to calculate indirect emissions. As far as is known, this is the first Well-to-Wheels emissions inventory considering all passenger vehicles in Bogotá. To evaluate the consistency of this study, we compared results from this inventory with those published in Bogotá and other cities worldwide. This study highlights the importance of including other emission sources than vehicle fuel combustion in emission inventories.
Bone Stress Injuries in Runners Using Carbon Fiber Plate Footwear
Authors: Tenforde Adam , Hoenig Tim , Saxena Amol , Hollander Karsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe introduction of carbon fiber plate footwear has led to performance benefits in runners. The mechanism for these changes in running economy includes altered biomechanics of the foot and ankle. The association of this footwear with injuries has been a topic of debate clinically, but not described in the literature. In this Current Opinion article, illustrated by a case series of five navicular bone stress injuries in highly competitive running athletes, we discuss the development of running-related injuries in association with the use of carbon fiber plate footwear. While the performance benefits of this footwear are considerable, sports medicine providers should consider injuries possibly related to altered biomechanical demands affecting athletes who use carbon fiber plate footwear. Given the introduction of carbon fiber plate footwear into athletics and other endurance sports, strategies may be required to reduce risk of injury due to altered foot and ankle mechanics. This article is intended (1) to raise awareness on possible health concerns around the use of carbon fiber plate footwear, (2) to suggest a slow gradual transition from habitual to carbon fiber plate footwear, and (3) to foster medical research related to carbon fiber plate technology and injuries.
A novel encryption algorithm using multiple semifield S-boxes based on permutation of symmetric group
Authors: Hussain Iqtadar , Anees Amir , Al-Maadeed Temadher Alassiry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a need of secure and robust encryption algorithm that can be implemented on each and diverse software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we investigate semifield substitution boxes using permutation of symmetric group on a set of size 8 $$S_8$$

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8

and establish an effective procedure for generating $$S_8$$

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8

semifield substitution boxes having same algebraic properties. Further, the strength analysis of the generated substitution boxes is carried out using the well-known standards, namely bijectivity, non-linearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, XOR table and differential invariant. As application, an encryption algorithm is proposed that can be employed to strengthen any kind of secure communication. The presented algorithm is mainly based on the Shannon idea of substitution–permutation network where the process of substitution is performed by the proposed $$S_8$$

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8

semifield substitution boxes and permutation operation is performed by the binary cyclic shift of substitution box transformed data. In addition, the proposed encryption algorithm utilizes two different chaotic maps. To ensure the appropriate utilization of these chaotic maps, we carry out in-depth analyses of their behavior in the context of secure communication and apply the pseudo-random sequences of chaotic maps in the proposed image encryption algorithm accordingly.
It’s Unfair! Non-price Exploitation in ICT Patents Licenses
Authors: Galli Niccolò , Botta Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses controversial patent licensing conditions in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector as “unfair trading conditions” under Art. 102(a) TFEU. It argues that the application of the Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation does not prevent the assessment of patent licensing conditions under Art. 102 if the licensor is dominant in the market. Hence, the article examines four categories of controversial licensing conditions in the light of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union under Art. 102(a): grant-back clauses, no-challenge clauses, portfolio-wide licenses, and contract term decoupled from patent validity. Developing old precedents in new application cases, the abuse-of-dominance analysis finds that each license clause is capable of anti-competitive exploitative effects, as much as offsetting justifications. As a result, the qualification of any such clause as “unfair” needs a case-by-case approach considering the overall content of the ICT patent licensing agreement. Whether the overall efficiencies outweigh the anti-competitive effects is always a question of degree. Nonetheless, this article contributes to legal predictability by identifying the opposing economic arguments of dominant patent licensors and complaining licensees. It concludes that both parties have strings to their bows.
Experimental Investigation of a Method for Selective and Precise Laser De-Coating
Authors: Primus Tomáš , Hlavinka Josef , Zeman Pavel , Kožmín Pavel , Čermák Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoatings are used in many industrial applications as a protective barrier, improving component properties such as friction, wear resistance, and thermal resistivity. When components become worn, any coatings must be thoroughly removed before performing repairs. Laser stripping is a relatively new technology developed for the entire coating removal. So far, only laser stripping of the entire coatings has been discussed in literature, but its application in selective de-coating layer by layercan extend the usage of this technique. Herein, we describe a new method of selective and precise laser de-coating layer by layer in layer thickness lower than 0,15 μm and demonstrate tise technique on two coatings, namely AlTiN and diamond-like carbon. This method is based on ablation threshold measurement and the application of low laser beam fluences for selective de-coating, layer by layer, in a defined pattern. Then the average minimal removals per layer were estimated for both coatings using first and second harmonic wavelengths. Finally, the usage of this method was proved by chemical analysis of the de-coated areas. The presented method can extend the use of laser coating stripping from actual removal of whole coatings to new areas, for example thickness measurement or inter-layer inspection of coatings.
Interactive webcam travel: supporting wildlife tourism and conservation during COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Blaer Madelene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing the conceptual frameworks and theories of virtual tourism, telepresence and para-social interactions, this exploratory study investigates an innovative campaign employed by a nature-based wildlife tourism operator as a response to the COVID-19 lockdowns and travel restrictions of 2020/21. Insights are provided into a unique model of webcam livestreaming that is scheduled, hosted and interactive. Over 73,000 social media comments and 590 survey responses from webcam viewers were analysed and indicate that watching the livestream had positive impacts for tourism recovery and conservation action. Research findings suggest that interactive webcam travel can affect travel behaviour and conservation awareness and action in part through building and engaging online communities and supporting a sense of connection with nature. This study contributes new knowledge to the emerging research on webcam livestreaming in tourism. As a subset of virtual tourism, interactive webcam travel emerges as an alternative to more costly forms of virtual reality for industry practitioners and stakeholders to engage new and old audiences, especially in the context of tourism recovery initiatives after disasters and crises that prevent or limit physical visitation.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Health and Well-Being
Authors: Arowolo Tolu , Animasahun Adeola , Baptiste-Roberts Kesha , Bronner Yvonne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFamily responses to crises such as COVID-19 are driven by parents’ experiences. Parental history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might play an important role in predicting resilience, coping capacity, and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic response. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic disruption on child health and well-being as influenced by the previous history of ACEs in the parents. Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsychInfo were searched for peer-reviewed articles using the keywords “COVID-19”, “Parents or Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences”, and “child health” or “child well-being”. Data were extracted using a literature review matrix template. Title, abstract, and full article-level reviews were conducted by two reviewers. The association between COVID-19 disruption, negative parenting, and child behavioral and emotional problems was stronger for parents with younger children with a history of high ACE scores. Parents with high ACE scores were more likely to cope poorly with childcare duties and engage in child neglect, verbal abuse, and reduced feeding frequency, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review findings support the framework of inadequate resilience and coping skills of adults with a history of ACEs during periods of stress and unpredictability such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The negative effects of these parental stressors on a child’s health and well-being are modifiable and could be mitigated by targeted interventions. Trauma-informed care should be adopted to contribute to optimum child health.
Optimised U-Net for Land Use–Land Cover Classification Using Aerial Photography
Authors: Clark Andrew , Phinn Stuart , Scarth Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConvolutional Neural Networks (CNN) consist of various hyper-parameters which need to be specified or can be altered when defining a deep learning architecture. There are numerous studies which have tested different types of networks (e.g. U-Net, DeepLabv3+) or created new architectures, benchmarked against well-known test datasets. However, there is a lack of real-world mapping applications demonstrating the effects of changing network hyper-parameters on model performance for land use and land cover (LULC) semantic segmentation. In this paper, we analysed the effects on training time and classification accuracy by altering parameters such as the number of initial convolutional filters, kernel size, network depth, kernel initialiser and activation functions, loss and loss optimiser functions, and learning rate. We achieved this using a well-known top performing architecture, the U-Net, in conjunction with LULC training data and two multispectral aerial images from North Queensland, Australia. A 2018 image was used to train and test CNN models with different parameters and a 2015 image was used for assessing the optimised parameters. We found more complex models with a larger number of filters and larger kernel size produce classifications of higher accuracy but take longer to train. Using an accuracy-time ranking formula, we found using 56 initial filters with kernel size of 5 × 5 provide the best compromise between training time and accuracy. When fully training a model using these parameters and testing on the 2015 image, we achieved a kappa score of 0.84. This compares to the original U-Net parameters which achieved a kappa score of 0.73.
The Tracking Machine Learning Challenge: Throughput Phase
Authors: Amrouche Sabrina , Basara Laurent , Calafiura Paolo , Emeliyanov Dmitry , Estrade Victor , Farrell Steven , Germain Cécile , Gligorov Vladimir Vava , Golling Tobias , Gorbunov Sergey , Gray Heather , Guyon Isabelle , Hushchyn Mikhail , Innocente Vincenzo , Kiehn Moritz , Kunze Marcel , Moyse Edward , Rousseau David , Salzburger Andreas , Ustyuzhanin Andrey , Vlimant Jean-Roch 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on the second “Throughput” phase of the Tracking Machine Learning (TrackML) challenge on the Codalab platform. As in the first “Accuracy” phase, the participants had to solve a difficult experimental problem linked to tracking accurately the trajectory of particles as e.g. created at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC): given $$O(10^5)$$

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(

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points, the participants had to connect them into $$O(10^4)$$

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individual groups that represent the particle trajectories which are approximated helical. While in the first phase only the accuracy mattered, the goal of this second phase was a compromise between the accuracy and the speed of inference. Both were measured on the Codalab platform where the participants had to upload their software. The best three participants had solutions with good accuracy and speed an order of magnitude faster than the state of the art when the challenge was designed. Although the core algorithms were less diverse than in the first phase, a diversity of techniques have been used and are described in this paper. The performance of the algorithms is analysed in depth and lessons derived.
Prior Spontaneous or Induced Abortion Is a Risk Factor for Cervical Dysfunction in Pregnant Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Brittain Julia J. , Wahl Stacey E. , Strauss Jerome F. , Romero Roberto , Wolf Hope M. , Murphy Katherine , Cyrus John W. , York Timothy P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract A history of abortion is associated with cervical dysfunction during pregnancy, but there remains uncertainty about whether risk can be stratified by the abortion type, the abortion procedure, or number of previous abortions. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between cervical dysfunction measures in pregnancies with and without a history of termination. Embase and Medline databases were searched from 01 January 1960 to 01 March 2022 resulting in a full-text review of 28 studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality and risk of bias for non-randomized studies. The meta-analysis consisted of 6 studies that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria and included a combined total of 2,513,044 pregnancies. Cervical dysfunction was defined as either cervical insufficiency/incompetence in 4 of the studies and as short cervix in the others. Results from a random-effects model using reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) estimated an increase in the odds of 2.71 (95% CI 1.76, 4.16) for cervical dysfunction in the current pregnancy related to a history of induced or spontaneous abortion. Subgroup analyses with only induced abortions (surgical/medical) estimated an aOR of 2.54 (95% CI 1.41, 4.57), while studies limited to surgical abortions had an aOR of 4.08 (95% CI 2.84, 5.86). The risk of cervical dysfunction in the current pregnancy was also found to be dependent on the number of previous abortions. In this meta-analysis, a prior history of abortion, and specifically induced abortions, was associated with cervical dysfunction. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020209723).
Recovery of metallic oxide rich biochar from waste chicken feather
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Abdulkareem Sulyman A. , Adeyanju Comfort A. , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Ogunniyi Samuel , Kawu Kola Y. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the years, the devastating impact of climate change has become pronounced due to inadequate regulation for waste disposal in a developing country like Nigeria. The chicken feather-based metal oxide-rich (MOR) biochar was produced using a top-lit updraft reactor at a peak temperature of 417.2 °C to give a yield of 28.19%. The results were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The result shows that the sample is mesoporous (pore diameter of 2.132 nm) with a BET surface area of 105.7 m2/g. CaO (33.147 wt%) and SO3 (25.673 wt%) were the major oxides present in notable proportions on the material surface, which were evident in the SEM micrograph. The major elemental compositions of the raw sample were oxygen (36.917 wt%) and calcium (23.690 wt%), and the major minerals present were quartz, marialite, davyne, and graphite. The present study elucidates the successful and efficient material recovery route for the preparation of adsorbents and precursors for many product synthesis processes.
Graphical Abstract
Strategic leadership in spatial planning formulation: the practice in Hainan Province
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang Siegfried , Liu Xiaochang , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Xiuning , Shao Hua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStrategic planning of space is an important part of the spatial planning system. With its flexibility and comprehensive features, it can work with statutory planning to build a basic framework for future spatial development to meet various challenges in the future. It is forward-looking, strategic and leading. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics and development trends of global strategic planning of space. Taking the “Special Research in the Strategic Leadership of Territorial Spatial Planning in Hainan Province” as an example, based on the principle of setting goals, improving quality, keeping the bottom line, seeking motive powers, configuring systems and creating new points, it has a forward-looking insight into Hainan’s development trend, accurately formulates Hainan’s development strategy and scientifically constructs Hainan’s development pattern, and constantly promotes the closed loop of the planning subject of “Goal and Vision—Path Selection—Development Motivation—Communication and Decision—Evaluation and Optimization” in practice, and globally leads the formulation of “Territorial Spatial Planning of Hainan Province (2020–2035)”.
Optimisation of perioperative procedural factors to reduce the risk of surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Calò P. , Catena F. , Corsaro D. , Costantini L. , Falez F. , Moretti B. , Parrinello V. , Romanini E. , Spinarelli A. , Vaccaro G. , Venneri F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSI) are the leading cause of hospital readmission after surgical procedures with significant impact on post-operative morbidity and mortality. Modifiable risk factors for SSI include procedural aspects, which include the possibility of instrument contamination, the duration of the operation, the number of people present and the traffic in the room and the ventilation system of the operating theatre.The aim of this systematic review was to provide literature evidence on the relationship between features of surgical procedure sets and the frequency of SSI in patients undergoing surgical treatment, and to analyse how time frames of perioperative processes and operating theatre traffic vary in relation to the features of the procedure sets use, in order tooptimise infection control in OT. The results of the systematic review brought to light observational studies that can be divided into two categories: evidence of purely clinical significance and evidence of mainly organisational, managerial and financial significance. These two systems are largely interconnected, and reciprocally influence each other. The decision to use disposable devices and instruments has been accompanied by a lower incidence in surgical site infections and surgical revisions for remediation. A concomitant reduction in post-operative functional recovery time has also been observed. Also, the rationalisation of traditional surgical sets has also been observed in conjunction with outcomes of clinical significance.
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF WARFARE IN THE MAYA WORLD
Authors: Kim Nam C. , Hernandez Christopher , Bracken Justin , Seligson Kenneth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArchaeological studies worldwide have revealed a wide range of cultural contexts within which practices of violence and warfare have occurred. In Mesoamerica, ongoing studies have enriched our understanding of social contexts of violence and warfare in Maya societies. This expanding body of field data allows deeper exploration of the ways violence was intricately linked to different aspects of cultural life for many Maya communities. In this article, we contemplate the culturally embedded nature of violence and warfare with a specific focus on the Classic period and questions related to political strategy, ritual practices, and total warfare. We provide empirical frameworks for the study of war to address issues of ritual warfare and societal impact, and we emphasize a regional scale of analysis.