bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual neural network‐assisted one‐class classification algorithm for melanoma recognition with imbalanced data
Authors: Yu Lisu , Wang Yifei , Zhou Liyu , Wu Jinsheng , Wang Zhenghai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSkin cancer, also known as melanoma, is a deadly form of skin cancer that can significantly improve survival rates when diagnosed at an early stage. It is usually diagnosed visually from dermoscopic images, and such visual assessment of skin cancer by the naked eye is a challenging and arduous task. Therefore, the detection of melanoma from dermoscopic images using trained artificial intelligence models is of great importance today. However, since melanoma is a rare disease, existing databases of skin lesions often contain highly unbalanced numbers of benign and malignant samples. In this paper, we propose a new one‐class classification‐based skin lesion classification strategy for small and unbalanced datasets. One‐class classification (OCC) is a special case of multi‐classification. OCC aims to learn a descriptive paradigm from positive class data (true data) during training and reject pseudo data (fake data) that do not conform to the paradigm during inference. OCC has great potential for application in anomaly detection problems. We have analyzed several approaches to the OCC task in recent years and propose a new design paradigm for the OCC problem, taking into account the unbalanced data set of the melanoma classification task. We have designed an improved OCC network based on this design paradigm, where the network is based on the architecture of a residual neural network, combining the coding and decoding idea of variational self‐encoder and the adversarial training idea of an adversarial neural network, using binary cross‐entropy as the loss function and introducing the channel attention mechanism. Tests on several publicly available dermatology datasets show that this improved OCC network addresses the unbalanced dataset situation in melanoma image classification to some extent while having relatively excellent performance. Compared with some traditional networks, it can obtain more stable training results and perform more consistently on complex datasets.
1059. Lachenalia bolusii W.F. Barker: Asparagaceae
Authors: Duncan Graham 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe South African geophyte Lachenalia bolusii W.F.Barker is a dainty‐flowered plant from semi‐arid inland western parts of the Northern and Western Cape. Details of its classification, relationships, history and distribution are given, with notes on cultivation.
Supporting the ‘lived expertise’ of older adults with type 1 diabetes: An applied focus group analysis to characterize barriers, facilitators, and strategies for self‐management in a growing and understudied population
Authors: Cristello Sarteau Angelica , Muthukkumar Rashmi , Smith Cambray , Busby‐Whitehead Jan , Lich Kristen Hassmiller , Pratley Richard E. , Thambuluru Sirisha , Weinstein Joshua , Weinstock Ruth S. , Young Laura A. , Kahkoska Anna R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing number of older adults (≥65 years) who live with type 1 diabetes. We qualitatively explored experiences and perspectives regarding type 1 diabetes self‐management and treatment decisions among older adults, focusing on adopting care advances such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).MethodsAmong a clinic‐based sample of older adults ≥65 years with type 1 diabetes, we conducted a series of literature and expert informed focus groups with structured discussion activities. Groups were transcribed followed by inductive coding, theme identification, and inference verification. Medical records and surveys added clinical information.ResultsTwenty nine older adults (age 73.4 ± 4.5 years; 86% CGM users) and four caregivers (age 73.3 ± 2.9 years) participated. Participants were 58% female and 82% non‐Hispanic White. Analysis revealed themes related to attitudes, behaviours, and experiences, as well as interpersonal and contextual factors that shape self‐management and outcomes. These factors and their interactions drive variability in diabetes outcomes and optimal treatment strategies between individuals as well as within individuals over time (i.e. with ageing). Participants proposed strategies to address these factors: regular, holistic needs assessments to match people with effective self‐care approaches and adapt them over the lifespan; longitudinal support (e.g., education, tactical help, sharing and validating experiences); tailored education and skills training; and leveraging of caregivers, family, and peers as resources.ConclusionsOur study of what influences self‐management decisions and technology adoption among older adults with type 1 diabetes underscores the importance of ongoing assessments to address dynamic age‐specific needs, as well as individualized multi‐faceted support that integrates peers and caregivers.
The risk of healing complications in primary teeth with root fractures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kevci Mir , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Lauridsen Eva , Andersson Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground/AimPrimary teeth are frequently affected by traumatic dental injuries. Root fractures are rare and have a reported incidence of 2% in the primary dentition. Hence, there is limited evidence on this topic. This study aims to evaluate the risk of healing complications in primary teeth with root fracture and to identify possible sequelae in the permanent dentition following root fracture in the primary dentition.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of a cohort of 53 patients with 74 root fractured primary teeth. The standard follow‐up program included clinical and radiographic examination after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after the trauma and when the patient was 6 years of age. The following complications were registered: pulp necrosis (PN), pulp canal obliteration (PCO), ankylosis with replacement root resorption (ARR), infection‐related root resorption (IRR), premature tooth loss (PTL), and repair‐related resorption (RRR). Statistics: The Kaplan–Meier and Aalen‐Johansen estimators were employed. The level of significance was 5%.ResultsA total of 74 teeth were included. 42 teeth were extracted at the initial examination. Risks estimated after 3 years: PTL 45.9% [95% CI: 28.8–63.0], PCO 12.9% [95% CI: 2.3–23.4], PN 14.9% [95% CI: 3.9–25.9], RRR 2.6% [95% CI: 0.0–7.5]. No teeth showed ARR or IRR. All complications were diagnosed within the first year. Most common sequelae in the permanent dentition was demarcated opacities, with an estimated risk of 20% [95% CI: 8.2–41.3].ConclusionsThere is a low risk of healing complications following a root fracture in the primary dentition. Root fractures often result in early extraction of the coronal fragment. The remaining apical fragment will undergo a physiological resorption. Aside from opacities, there is a low risk of sequelae in the permanent dentition.
A multimodal pain protocol for treatment of vaso‐occlusive crisis in patients with sickle cell disease: Implementation and evaluation
Authors: Admiraal Manouk , van Daalen Jonathan , Ritt Michael W. J. , Dekker Joost , van Tuijn Charlotte F. J. , Nur Erfan , Hollmann Markus W. , Hermanns Henning , Hermanides Jeroen , Biemond Bart J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesPain management during a vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major challenge and strongly depends on opioids. We developed a multimodality pain protocol for rapid, opioid‐sparing pain treatment of VOC and evaluated its feasibility.MethodsPatients were included for evaluation if they were ≥18 years, diagnosed with SCD and visited the emergency department (ED) because of VOC between July 2018 and December 2020. Primary evaluation outcome was the feasibility of multimodal pain analgesia (i.e., the use of at least two analgesics with different underlying mechanisms of action).ResultsA total of 131 SCD patients visited the ED because of VOC with a total of 550 ED presentations, of which 377 were eventually hospitalised. A total of 508 (92.4%) ED presentations and 374 (99.2%) hospital admissions received multimodal pain treatment. Time to first administration of an opioid was median [IQR] 34.0 [21.0–62.0] minutes.ConclusionThe implementation of a pain protocol using multimodal analgesia for VOC in patients with SCD appeared to be feasible and facilitated rapid administration of opioids. Controlled trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of multimodal analgesia on pain and should focus on patient reported outcome measures.
Family strengths among Native American families and families living in poverty: Preventing adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Mullet Natira , Waterman Emily A. , Edwards Katie M. , Simon Briana , Hopfauf Skyler , Herrington Ramona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand how youth, caregivers, and community professionals perceive family strengths and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in their community. Specifically, this study was focused on the protective role of caregivers and families, positive youth development, and how Native American families and families living in poverty support adolescents' social–emotional development and help them thrive in the face of adversity.BackgroundResearch documents the concerning rates and negative outcomes of ACEs. However, very little research has examined the views of families and professionals on how to prevent ACES among these populations.MethodParticipants were youth aged 10 to 14 years (n = 20), caregivers (n = 13), and an occupationally diverse group of professionals whose work intersected with ACEs (n = 7). Participants were all Native American and/or living in poverty in a small city in the Northern Plains region of the United States.ResultsThemes that emerged from the child and caregiver focus groups regarding protective factors included (a) family engagement, (b) family and cultural values, (c) personal and family safety, (d) future orientation, and (e) community strengths and needs. Themes that emerged from the professionals' focus group included (a) families in crisis, (b) intersectionality of family challenges, (c) community collaboration, (d) trauma‐informed practices and violence prevention, and (e) cultural connections.Conclusion and implicationsThese data provided foundational information relevant to understanding families' strengths and needs and the important role of culture in program development to prevent ACEs.
Size‐controlled synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles using rice husk by microwave‐assisted sol–gel method
Authors: Priyan Selvaraj Ranjith , Kumar Govindan Suresh , Surendhiran Srinivasan , Shkir Mohd. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles with distinct characteristics like particle size, tunable pores, and high surface area have received much interest for environmental remediation, energy conversion, and biological applications. In this work, we synthesized spherical silica nanoparticles with tunable particle size and mesoporous properties using a low‐cost silica source (rice husk) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) via microwave‐assisted sol–gel synthesis. The formation of an amorphous silica structure was found using XRD and FTIR analysis. FESEM analysis showed that altering the PEG concentration from .01 to .005 M produced spherical silica nanoparticles with 100–500 nm in size. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption demonstrated that silica nanoparticles obtained with .005, .007, and .01 M of PEG had unique pore sizes and distributions, with specific surface areas of 51.475, 62.367, and 84.251 m2/g, respectively. These results might be due to PEG molecules’ capping effect, which acts as a soft template to regulate particle size, pore size, and dispersion by interacting with sodium silicate precursor. Hence, this approach can be a facile and cost‐effective method to prepare mesoporous silica nanoparticles with controllable nanoscale characteristics for suitable applications.
High gas permeability and directional channels of mullite porous ceramics prepared by pectin‐based freeze‐drying method
Authors: Liu Zhenli , Yuan Lei , Tian Chen , Peng Zijun , Zhang Diyao , Wen Tianpeng , Yu Jingkun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNew gel system for preparing mullite porous ceramics by gel‐casting freeze‐drying was proposed, using pectin as gel source and alumina and silica as raw materials. Directional channels were formed due to sublimation of water during freeze‐drying and decomposition of pectin during high temperature sintering to prepare porous mullite ceramic membranes. Effects of solid content on the properties of mullite ceramics in terms of phase composition, microstructure, apparent porosity, bulk density, pore size distribution, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, pressure drop, and gas permeability were investigated. It was found that prepared porous mullite possessed high apparent porosity (56.04%–75.34%), low bulk density (.77–1.37 g/cm3), uniform pore size distribution, relatively high compressive strength (.61–3.03 MPa), low thermal conductivity (.224–.329 W/(m·K)), high gas permeability coefficient (1.11 × 10−10–4.73 × 10−11 m2), and gas permeance (2.18 × 10−2–9.32 × 10−3 mol⋅m−2⋅s−1⋅Pa−1). These properties make prepared lightweight mullite ceramic membranes promising for application in high temperature flue gas filtration. Proposed gel system is expected to provide a new route to prepare porous ceramics with high porosity and directional channels.
A review on microbiota: relation with diseases and nutrients role
Authors: Oz Emel , Şimşek Ayşegül , Şimşek Melih , Tuncer Nihal , Bayrak Muharrem , Çadırcı Kenan , Brennan Charles , Kumar Mukul , Proestos Charalampos , Brennan Margaret , Elobeid Tahra , Zeng Maomao , Tomasevic Igor , Ekiz Elif , Oz Fatih 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMicrobiota plays an essential role in human development and body homeostasis. Individual and environmental variables influence the diversity of microbiota, which performs crucial biochemical activities in the human body and influences health status and disease in later years. Many diseases in adulthood may be prevented or treated if the relationship between the microbiome, nutrition, especially the immune system, and growth and development could be fully understood. For a healthy gut microbiota, the diet‐related changes in the core microbiota must be long‐lasting, achieving permanence in microbiota change. This process is possible by maintaining a sustainable diet and adhering to this diet for a long time. Therefore, this study reviewed the relationship between nutrition, microbiota, and various life‐threatening diseases.
The C3 conundrum
Authors: Lean Maria , Chacko Bobby 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 62‐year‐old man with nephritic syndrome underwent a kidney biopsy which revealed a C3 dominant pattern on immunofluorescence. A diagnosis of C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) was suspected. However, a recent skin infection and high levels of anti‐streptococcal antibodies were indicative of post‐infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). This paper compares PIGN and C3G and describes an atypical form of PIGN with alternative complement pathway dysregulation.
Elimination of restrictive interventions: Is it achievable under the current mental healthcare landscape?
Authors: Snipe Jim , Searby Adam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 2021 release of the report from the Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System suggested 65 recommendations to improve a mental healthcare system that was described as “broken”. Several of these recommendations relate to the use of restrictive interventions, such as restraint (both physical and mechanical) and seclusion. These interventions continue to be used in Victorian inpatient mental health facilities today, often in response to aggression and violence towards staff, visitors, family and other consumers. Several health services have committed to the substantial reduction or elimination of the use of restrictive interventions. In this perspective paper, we argue that significant investment is required to achieve this goal. Pressure on mental health nursing staff to cease using restrictive interventions without viable alternatives to de‐escalation, restrictions in the built environment, workforce constraints and a lack of education provided early in nursing careers need to be addressed before we can achieve the elimination of restrictive interventions. We recommend that substantial investment in mental health inpatient units, the mental health nursing workforce, and a systemic shift in the role of the mental health nurse are required to attain sustained reduction and potential elimination of restrictive interventions.
Natural piezoelectric tourmaline mineral for piezocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes under vibration
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Jia Yanmin , Wang Ying , Xu Xiaoli , Qin Laishun , Wu Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPiezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and further piezocatalysis can be designed based on the product between piezoelectric effect and electrochemical redox effect, which is hopeful for the actual dye decomposition. Tourmaline is a natural mineral with spontaneous polarization, which is an ideal piezocatalytic material and is rarely reported in dye decomposition. In this work, after 100 mg tourmaline powder is vibrated for 120 min, the piezocatalytic dye decomposition ratios of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue, and methyl orange are ∼95%, ∼46%, and ∼23%, respectively. The corresponding first‐order reaction kinetic values for these three dyes are 0.02681, 0.00639, and 0.00246 min−1, respectively. By adjusting the pH value of the initial RhB solution to 5, the decomposition ratio can reach ∼99% after only 60 min of vibration. In the process of dye decomposition, it is determined that the main active substances are hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals via electron spin–resonance spectra test. The spontaneous polarization performance of tourmaline can effectively adsorb dye molecules to promote the catalytic reaction. Natural tourmaline minerals are abundant, low cost, and environmentally friendly making them suitable for large‐scale piezocatalysis of mineral materials.
Effects of sintering aids on microstructure, mechanical, and optical properties of AlON ceramics synthesized by SPS
Authors: Jia Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Zhao‐Hui , Xu Tian‐Hao , Liu Luo‐Jin , Sun Yuan‐Hao , Li Xian‐Yu , Wang Qiang , Jia Zhao‐Hu , He Yang‐Yu , Cheng Xing‐Wang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramics doped with different sintering aids were synthesized by spark plasma sintering process. The microstructures, mechanical, and optical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that the optimal amount of sintering aids is 0.06 wt% La2O3 + 0.16 wt% Y2O3 + 0.30 wt% MgO. The addition of La3+ and Mg2+ decreases the rate of grain boundary migration in ceramics, promotes pore elimination, and inhibits grain growth. The addition of Y3+ facilitates liquid‐phase sintering of AlON ceramics. Moreover, the addition of Mg2+ effectively promotes twin formation in the ceramics, which hinders crack propagation and dislocation motion when the ceramics are loaded. Hence, the AlON ceramic doped with 0.06 wt% La2O3 + 0.16 wt% Y2O3 + 0.30 wt% MgO exhibits a relative density of 99.95%, an average grain size of 9.42 μm, and a twin boundary content of 10.3%, which contributes to its excellent mechanical and optical properties.
Policies to promote breeding for lice‐resistant salmon: Incentives designed for resilient and sustainable growth in aquaculture
Authors: Rosendal Kristin , Kettunen Anne , Olesen Ingrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSea lice represent a persistent and growing problem, challenging the resilience and growth of the salmon aquaculture industry. In this Norwegian case study, we studied and discuss how the absence of policy instruments directed at stimulating breeding for lice resistance (LR) might be explained. We found well‐documented opportunities for selection progress for LR. Hence, breeding on LR appears with an untapped potential. We discuss how market‐based, legal, institutional and interest‐based factors can explain the absence of policy instruments stimulating LR breeding. Methodologically, we obtained data from document and literature studies and interviews with key players (salmon breeders, farmers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and governmental bodies in Norway). First, LR is a polygenic trait, which makes it poorly suited for patenting. Furthermore, if only a small proportion of fish farmers choose seeds with higher LR, other operators can easily take on the free‐rider role because they will not suffer from reduced gain in growth performance as a result of a much stronger emphasis on LR in the breeding goal. The market is thus not expected to stimulate stronger selection for LR in Norwegian salmon breeding. Second, neither genetic engineering (e.g., gene editing), still struggling with consumer acceptance, nor the uncertainty associated with possible changes in the Norwegian Gene Technology Act stimulate investment in LR via, for example, CRISPR technology. Thirdly, public policy instruments in their entirety have targeted other types of innovations against salmon lice, and none have so far been used to stimulate breeding companies to emphasize LR more strongly in their breeding programmes. From a political point of view, it seems that breeding has been left to the market and the private sector. However, neither the NGOs nor the public seem to be aware of, or pay significant attention to, the breeding potential to improve LR and fish welfare. Fragmented management of the aquaculture sector can camouflage the close ties between political and business interests. The industry is hesitant to invest significantly in long‐term breeding targets such as significantly higher genetic LR. This may strengthen the assumption that strong economic interests will reduce the role of science in knowledge‐based management. As farmed salmon are increasingly being exposed to stressful delousing treatments, mortality and associated welfare problems have increased significantly. For instance, large fish die more often from cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), resulting in growing demand for CMS‐resistant salmon. This gives rise to a paradoxical situation: increasing treatments with high mortality and fish welfare issues in farmed salmon, while the lice threat to wild salmon persists.
Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62‐subcomplex and importin β SAD2
Authors: Chen Gang , Xu Danyun , Liu Qing , Yue Zhichuang , Dai Biao , Pan Shujuan , Chen Yongqiang , Feng Xinhua , Hu Honghong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlowering locus C (FLC) is a central transcriptional repressor that controls flowering time. However, how FLC is imported into the nucleus is unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis nucleoporins 62 (NUP62), NUP58, and NUP54 composed NUP62‐subcomplex modulates FLC nuclear import during floral transition in an importin α‐independent manner, via direct interaction. NUP62 recruits FLC to the cytoplasmic filaments and imports it into the nucleus through the NUP62‐subcomplex composed central channel. Importin β supersensitive to ABA and drought 2 (SAD2), a carrier protein, is critical for FLC nuclear import and flower transition, which facilitates FLC import into the nucleus mainly through the NUP62‐subcomplex. Proteomics, RNA‐seq, and cell biological analyses indicate that the NUP62‐subcomplex mainly mediates the nuclear import of cargos with unconventional nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), such as FLC. Our findings illustrate the mechanisms of the NUP62‐subcomplex and SAD2 on FLC nuclear import process and floral transition, and provide insights into the role of NUP62‐subcomplex and SAD2 in protein nucleocytoplasmic transport in plants.