bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining reference values for body composition indices by magnetic resonance imaging in UK Biobank
Authors: Dai Liang , Huang Xiao‐yan , Lu Yue‐qi , Liu Yu‐yang , Song Cong‐ying , Zhang Jing‐wen , Li Jing , Zhang Yue , Shan Ying , Shi Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for evaluating body composition. However, the reference ranges have not been established.MethodsThree lean tissue and seven adipose tissue parameters based on MRI data from the UK Biobank were used in this study. Participants with European ancestry and data on at least one parameter were screened. Age‐ and sex‐specific percentile curves were generated using the lambda–mu–sigma method. Three levels of reference ranges were provided, which were equivalent to the mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD), 2 SDs and 2.5 SDs.ResultsThe final analysis set for each parameter ranged from 4842 to 14 148 participants (53.4%–56.6% women) with a median age of 61. For lean tissue parameters, compared with those at age 45, the median total lean tissue volume and total thigh fat‐free muscle volume at age 70 were 2.83 and 1.73 L, and 3.02 and 1.51 L lower in men and women, respectively. The median weight‐to‐muscle ratios at age 45 were 0.51 and 0.83 kg/L lower compared with those at age 70 in men and women, respectively. Adipose tissue parameters showed inconsistent differences. In men, the median muscle fat infiltration, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 1.48%, 0.32 L, 0.08 L/m2 and 0.4 higher, and the median abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) volume and total adipose tissue volume were 0.47 and 0.41 L lower, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median total trunk fat volume was approximately 9.53 L at all ages. In women, the median muscle fat infiltration and VAT volume were 1.68% and 0.76 L higher, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median ASAT volume, total adipose tissue volume, total trunk fat volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 0.35 L, 0.78 L, 1.12 L, 0.49 L/m2 and 0.06 higher, respectively, at age 60 than at age 45. The medians of the former three parameters were 0.33 L, 0.14 L and 0.20 L lower, at age 70 than at age 60. The medians of the latter two parameters were approximately 3.64 L/m2 and 0.55 at ages between 60 and 70.ConclusionsWe have established reference ranges for MRI‐measured body composition parameters in a large community‐dwelling population. These findings provide a more accurate assessment of abnormal adipose and muscle conditions.
Non‐small cell lung cancer disparities in stage at presentation and treatment for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women
Authors: Hong Ji Hyun , Swami Nishwant , Dee Edward Christopher , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Lam Miranda B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAsian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) represent the fastest‐growing group in the United States. While described in aggregate, great variations exist within the community. We aimed to determine whether there were differences in stage at presentation and treatment status among AANHPI women with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsBetween 2004 and 2016, we identified 522 361 female patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to define adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of presenting with stage IV disease and not receiving treatment.ResultsAANHPI women were more likely to present with stage IV disease compared to White (54.32% vs. 40.28%, p < 0.001). Aside from Hawaiian, Pakistani, and Hmong women, all other ethnic groups had greater odds of presenting with stage IV disease than White women. AANHPI women <65 years were more likely to present with stage IV disease (p = 0.030). Only Vietnamese women showed a significant difference (aOR = 1.30 [1.06–1.58], p = 0.010) for likelihood of receiving treatment compared to White.ConclusionsDifferences in stage at presentation and treatment status in women with NSCLC were observed among AANHPI ethnic groups when populations were disaggregated.
Surface H‐field mapping of a microwave limiter chip based on quantum diamond probe
Authors: Ma Wenhao , Gao Tianran , Chen Nuocheng , Zhou Li , Liu Xinyu , Chen Guobin , Yin Xiaohan , Yang Fan , Xu Qing , Gong Jianwei , Ling Xianbao , Du Guanxiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the increasing integration and complexity of chips, the problem of wafer‐level electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is becoming more and more prominent, and the spatial resolution and operating frequency of existing EMC test techniques can no longer meet the demand for wafer‐level EMC testing. In this work, a surface H‐field imaging system based on a micron‐sized diamond crystal containing nitrogen‐vacancy centers is proposed, which is micrometer resolved, quantum calibrated, frequency tunable, and nonintrusive to the H‐field of the device to be tested. The surface H‐field of a limiter chip at different input power is scanned for imaging, revealing how the energy is dissipated across the chip when exceeding limiting power. The result is essential for understanding the workings of the limiter chip and for optimizing the chip design.
Umweltchemie: Methan in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Wiesen Peter , Illmann Jan Niklas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Herbst 2022 verursachten Explosionen Lecks in den beiden Ostseepipelines Nord Stream 1 und Nord Stream 2. Durch diesen Sabotageakt geriet unvermittelt ein Gas in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit, das in der Diskussion um den anthropogenen Treibhauseffekt und die Rolle des Kohlendioxids ein wenig in Vergessenheit geraten war: Methan als Bestandteil der Atmosphäre und klimawirksames Spurengas.
Olefinmetathese mit Eisen – utopisch oder machbar?
Authors: Coburger Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn der homogenen Katalyse haben sich Rutheniumkomplexe zur Olefinmetathese etabliert. Aber Ruthenium ist selten und daher teuer. Ist Eisen eine Alternative? Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die bisherigen Ergebnisse auf dem Weg zu einer homogenen eisenkatalysierten Olefinmetathese.
Preparation of dopamine/Ag‐modified graphene oxide/polysulfone/poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membrane with hydrophilic and antibacterial dual function
Authors: Liang Jiahao , Tan Yijin , Yu Yang , Hu Yongli , Liao Chanjuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo improve the hydrophilicity and long‐lasting bacterial inhibition of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes, DA/Ag‐GO/PSF/PVDF hybrid ultrafiltration membranes were prepared with PVDF and polysulfone (PSF) as substrates, graphene oxide (GO) as additives, and dopamine (DA) and silver as surface modifications. The structure and performance of PSF/PVDF hybrid membranes were investigated by SEM, FTIR, contact angle, filtration flux, and bacterial inhibition tests. The results showed that with the addition of GO, the hydrophilicity of the PSF/PVDF hybrid membranes were enhanced, the water flux tended to be increased, the retention rate of bovine serum albumin were maintained above 94%, and the bacterial inhibition against Gram‐negative and positive bacteria were obvious. When GO was added at 0.2 wt%, the contact angle of the hybrid membrane decreased from 87° to 69°, the water flux increased from 406.05 to 650.52 L m−2 h−1, the flux recovery increased from 49.18% to 84.40%, and the resistance to organic contamination was significantly improved.
Comparative study of weld‐line strength for unfilled and glass‐filled thermoplastic polyamide‐6 materials
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh , Gaval Vivek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe injection molding process is widely accepted for the processing of engineering thermoplastics due to the ease of manufacturing complex designs. Weld‐line is a defect occurring in injection molded parts when two flow fronts join each other. At weld‐line locations, parts exhibit lower mechanical strength mainly due to inadequate intermolecular diffusion and fiber orientation anisotropy. The present work is aimed at investigating and comparing weld‐line strength for unfilled and glass‐filled polyamide‐6 materials. To achieve this, polyamide‐6 unfilled, 30% glass‐filled, and 50% glass‐filled materials are used to manufacture plaques. The special‐purpose mold is designed to obtain plaques with and without weld‐lines with help of Moldflow simulations. The specimens for tensile tests are then cut from molded plaques and experimental testing is conducted to evaluate tensile properties. Fractured surfaces of specimens are examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrated a significant drop in tensile strength and modulus for glass‐filled material weld‐line specimens when compared to specimens of no weld‐line. However, for unfilled specimens, tensile strength and modulus are almost the same for samples with and without weld‐line. A reduction in tensile strength of 13%, 49%, and 57% is observed for unfilled, 30% glass‐filled, and 50% glass‐filled polyamide‐6 material respectively.
The panorama of pulmonary leiomyoma: A tale of two tumours
Authors: Nair Ajit , Leong Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulmonary leiomyoma has a diverse clinical spectrum of disease. Here we describe two patients with vastly different presentations. The first case is a 23‐year‐old female with a chronic cough and no visible tracheal lesion on computer tomography (CT) chest imaging. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a small tracheal nodule, with histopathology confirming pulmonary leiomyoma. The second case is a 57‐year‐old female with a painless abdominal mass. CT imaging revealed widespread lung ‘cannonball’ nodules. Percutaneous biopsy confirmed metastatic leiomyoma. After progression on surveillance and endocrine therapy, she was commenced on doxorubicin with interval radiological improvement. These cases highlight the clinical heterogeneity in this disease, and thus, complexity in devising standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.
Halogen‐Free Donor Polymers Based on Dicyanobenzotriazole with Low Energy Loss and High Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Lifu , Kim Seoyoung , Wang Tingting , Yuan Zhongyi , Yang Changduk , Hu Yu , Zhao Xiaohong , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHalogenation of organic semiconductors is an efficient strategy for improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), while the introduction of halogens usually involves complex synthetic process and serious environment pollution problems. Herein, three halogen‐free ternary copolymer donors (PCNx, x = 3, 4, 5) based on electron‐withdrawing dicyanobenzotriazole are reported. When blended with the Y6, PCN3 with strong interchain interactions results in appropriate crystallinity and thermodynamic miscibility of the blend film. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements indicate that PCN3 has more ordered arrangement and stronger π–π stacking than previous PCN2. Fourier‐transform photocurrent spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence measurements show that PCN3‐based OSCs have lower energy loss than PCN2, which leads to their higher open‐circuit voltage (0.873 V). The device based on PCN3 reaches power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.33% in binary OSCs, one of the highest values for OSCs with halogen‐free donor polymers. The PCE of 17.80% and 18.10% are obtained in PM6:PCN3:Y6 and PM6:PCN3:BTP‐eC9 ternary devices, much higher than those of PM6:Y6 (16.31%) and PM6:BTP‐eC9 (17.33%) devices. Additionally, this ternary OSCs exhibit superior stability compared to binary host system. This work gives a promising path for halogen‐free donor polymers to achieve low energy loss and high PCE.
2D VS2@MXene Based Zinc Ion Batteries with SPANI‐Contained Electrolyte Enables Dendrite‐Free Anode for Stable Cycling
Authors: Meng Peiyu , Wang Wei , Shang Jiayin , Liu Pan , Xu Hao , Wang Qiguan , Wang Sumin , Wang Feifei , Wang Xinhai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRegarded as one of the popular cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), VS2has unsatisfied cycling stability and relatively low capacity owing to its poor conductivity and low mechanical properties. To this regard, compositing VS2with high‐conductive 2D transition metal carbide (MXene) has been an effective method recently. However, the Zn dendrite on the anode electrode derived from the uncontrollable sluggish migration of solvated Zn2+/H2O ions seriously threatens the application safety of ZIB batteries. To effectively regulate the diffusion of zinc ions, in this work a conductive polymeric electrolyte of sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) is added in the electrolyte solution. Under the Zn2+/SPANI interactions confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and zeta potential experiments, the Zn2+/H2O combination is weakened, and the deposition rate of Zn2+is increased evaluated by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. Theoretical simulation shows that the electrostatic shielding by SPANI combining Zn2‐at the zinc/electrolyte interface has important contribution to the significant suppression of Zn dendrite. Accordingly, the fabricated VS2@MXene||ZnSO4+SPANI||Zn battery shows high capacity (368.0 mAh g‐1at 0.1 A g‐1), which remains 96% after 5000 cyclic charge–discharge operations. This work develops an available strategic idea for suppressing growth of metallic dendrites to improve the ZIB performances.
Creating Nation Brand: The Model of Qatar
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors argue that Qatar established its nation brand by simultaneously improving different qualities needed for creating a nation brand. In so doing, the chapter presents information about different aspects of Qatari nation brand and Qatar’s political activities. Also, different aspects of nation branding such as Qatar’s economic profile, different humanitarian activities performed by Qatar, and this state’s endeavors to promote sport and tourism in the country are described in detail in this chapter.
The Blockade, Social Media, and National Identity
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter elaborates on the links between the blockade of Qatar and its relationship with Qatari nationals’ psychological well-being and their sense of national identity. To this end, the chapter reviews the research on various psychological and attitudinal effects of the blockade on Qatari people. Moreover, it presents the research on how the development of a sense of national identity influenced Qataris’ well-being during the blockade. Finally, the chapter presents the results of research on the use of social media before and after the blockade and how social media were used to show national identity and support for the government after the blockade.
JT gravity from holographic reduction of 3D asymptotically flat spacetime
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arindam , Saha Muktajyoti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We attempt to understand the CFT1 structure underlying (2+1)D gravity in flat spacetime via dimensional reduction. We observe that under superrotation, the hyperbolic (and dS2) slices of flat spacetime transform to asymptotically (A)dS2 slices. We consider a wedge region bounded by two such surfaces as End-of-the-World branes and employ Wedge holography to perform holographic reduction. We show that once we consider fluctuating branes, the localised theory on the branes is Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) theory. Finally, using the dual description of JT, we derive an 1D Schwarzian theory at the spatial slice of null infinity. In this dual Celestial (nearly) CFT, the superrotation mode of 3D plays the role of the Schwarzian derivative of the boundary time reparametrization mode.
Radiation-reaction in the Effective Field Theory approach to Post-Minkowskian dynamics
Authors: Kälin Gregor , Neef Jakob , Porto Rafael A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We extend the Post-Minkowskian (PM) effective field theory (EFT) approach to incorporate conservative and dissipative radiation-reaction effects in a unified framework. This is achieved by implementing the Schwinger-Keldysh “in-in” formalism and separating conservative and non-conservative terms according to the formulation in [1], which we show promotes Feynman’s i0-prescription and cutting rules to a prominent role at the classical level. The resulting integrals, involving both Feynman and retarded propagators, can be bootstrapped to all orders in the velocity via differential equations with boundary conditions including potential and radiation modes. As a paradigmatic example we provide an ab initio derivation of the classical solution to the scattering problem in general relativity to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G3). For the sake of completeness, we also reproduce the leading order radiation-reaction effects in classical electrodynamics.
Gregory-Laflamme encounters Superradiance
Authors: Dias Óscar J. C. , Ishii Takaaki , Murata Keiju , Santos Jorge E. , Way Benson 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of superradiant scattering of gravitational perturbations on the stability of rotating black strings, focusing on the six dimensional equal-spinning Myers-Perry black string. We find that rapidly rotating black strings are unstable to gravitational superradiant modes within a bounded range of string lengths. The instability occurs because momentum along the string direction creates a potential barrier that allows for the confinement of superradiant modes. Yet, five dimensional Myers-Perry black holes do not have stable particle orbits so, unlike other known superradiant systems, these black strings remain stable to perturbations with sufficiently high azimuthal mode number — this is a ‘finite-m’ superradiant instability. For some parameters, this instability competes with the Gregory-Laflamme instability, but otherwise exists independently. The onset of this instability is degenerate and branches to multiple steady-state solutions. This paper is the first of a trilogy: in the next two, we construct two distinct families of rotating strings emerging from the superradiant onset (the ‘black resonator strings’ and ‘helical black strings’). We argue that similar physics is present in 5-dimensional Kerr black strings, but not in D > 6 equal-spinning Myers-Perry black strings.
Quantum entanglement and top spin correlations in SMEFT at higher orders
Authors: Severi Claudio , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the first analysis of top spin polarizations, $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

spin correlations, and $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

spin entanglement at the LHC in the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, that goes beyond Leading Order QCD accuracy. The complete set of independent dimension-6 operators entering $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production is identified, and their effects on all top spin observables are extracted at linear and quadratic order in c/Λ2. By comparing results at LO and NLO, we note that the inclusion of higher orders, while not dramatically changing the picture, often amounts to notable numerical differences, that are not fully captured by LO scale variation. We also find that the expected deviations from the SM have an intricate phase space structure, and show up predominantly at large top pT. For this reason, we advocate for the measurement of spin observables differentially or doubly-differentially in the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

phase-space. We show how the inclusion of present and future top spin measurements will improve global fits to top LHC data, by also addressing the issue of flat directions.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ + Λ2 from a 2d gravity path integral
Authors: Torroba Gonzalo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We develop a two-dimensional gravity path integral formulation of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 deformation of quantum field theory. This provides an exactly solvable generalization of the pure $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation that is relevant for de Sitter and flat space holography. The path integral sheds light on quantum aspects of these flows in curved space, most notably the Weyl anomaly, the operator relation for the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, and the renormalization of the composite $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operator. It also applies to both the Hagedorn and the holographic signs of such flows. We present explicit calculations for the torus and sphere partition functions that reproduce previous results in the literature, now in path integral language. Finally, we use the path integral representation in order to establish an explicit map with 3d gravity, and obtain new predictions for flat space holography.
Schnelle Abheilung einer schweren Psoriasis vulgaris bei einem HIV-positiven Patienten unter antiretroviraler Therapie
Authors: Bauditz L. , Booken N. , Schneider S. W. , Abeck F. 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer HIV-Erkrankung kann es zur Exazerbation einer Psoriasis vulgaris kommen. Wir präsentieren den Fall eines Patienten mit schwerer Psoriasis vulgaris (PASI 34,2) und HIV-Erstdiagnose, der unter der Einleitung einer antiretroviralen Therapie eine nahezu vollständige Abheilung der Psoriasis zeigte. Die antiretrovirale Therapie stellt eine effektive Behandlungsoption der HIV-assoziierten Psoriasis dar. Insbesondere im Falle einer plötzlichen Exazerbation oder Therapieresistenz der Psoriasis sollte die Durchführung einer HIV-Diagnostik in Erwägung gezogen werden, da das Wissen über eine zugrunde liegende Infektion elementar für die Wahl des Therapieansatzes ist.
Rechtsmedizinische Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau
Authors: Haberer B. , Dettmeyer R. , Birngruber C. G. 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit rechtsmedizinischer Leichenschau im Vorfeld der Obduktion kann für deren Planung hilfreich sein. Häufigkeit, Umfang und Art der dokumentierten Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau unterliegen interindividuellen und interinstitutionellen Einflüssen. Eine wissenschaftliche Untersuchung rechtsmedizinischer Leichenfundortuntersuchungen und eine systematische Standardisierung gibt es bisher nicht.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 3622 Akten aus dem Archiv des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen aus den Jahren 2005–2014 wurden gesichtet. 121 Fälle mit einer Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau durch eine/n Rechtsmediziner/in vor Ort wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Leichenfundortuntersuchungen, einschließlich Dokumentation der Befunde, wurden während des 10-jährigen Untersuchungszeitraums unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Es zeigte sich eine Zunahme an Leichenfundortuntersuchungen um rund 380 % vom ersten zum letzten Untersuchungsjahr. Der Anteil an Tötungsdelikten bei den Leichenfundortuntersuchungen betrug 46 %. In 63 % aller Fälle fanden sich Dokumentationslücken, die im Verlauf des Untersuchungszeitraums und mit der häufigeren Anfertigung von Leichenfundortuntersuchungsberichten deutlich abnahmen. Bei der Dokumentation von Verletzungsmustern sank der Anteil an unvollständigen Daten von 89 % auf 11 %, bei den Temperaturmessungen am Leichenfundort von 73 % auf 27 %. Exklusiv am Leichenfundort erhebbare dokumentierte Zusatzinformationen fanden sich im Sinne von Blutspurenverteilungsmustern (48 %) und Hinweisen auf mögliche Tatwerkzeuge (57 %).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die rechtsmedizinische Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau wurde zunehmend häufiger durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung des Leichnams vor Ort und die Inaugenscheinnahme der Umgebung liefern Informationen, die über die alleinige autoptische Befunderhebung hinausgehen und eine wertvolle Grundlage für die Einordung von Obduktionsbefunden und für rekonstruktive Überlegungen zu Tatgeschehen darstellen. Um die Qualität der Befunderhebungen am Leichenfundort und die Qualität der zugehörigen Dokumentation zu verbessern, ist eine standardisierte Leichenfundortuntersuchung mit Leichenschau und Dokumentation anzustreben.