bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and genetic impacts of powdery mildew in a young oak cohort
Authors: Barrès Benoit , Dutech Cyril , Saint-Jean Gilles , Bodénès Catherine , Burban Christian , Fiévet Virgil , Lepoittevin Camille , Garnier-Géré Pauline , Desprez-Loustau Marie-Laure 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe demographic and genetic impacts of powdery mildew on the early stages of an oak population were studied in anad hocfield design with two disease exposures. This enabled a detailed phenotypic monitoring of 1,733 emerging individuals from 15 progenies over nine years, and the genotyping of 68% of them. The pathogen induced high levels of seedling mortality several years after sowing, associated with reduced growth and capacity to overwinter. The probability of juvenile survival could be predicted from mean disease severity in early years and acorn weight. Fast-growing families showed the highest survival rate under both natural and protected disease exposure. Correlatively, no equalizing effect of increased powdery mildew pressure on the relative contribution of mother trees to the next generation could be detected. Contrary to a possible trade-off hypothesis between growth and defense, family height potential was not negatively related to disease resistance across the studied oak mother trees. Overall, our results suggest that inQuercus roburnatural populations, infection levels (related to resistancesensu stricto) may be less determinant than growth-related tolerance to infection for the fate of seedlings. However, an equalizing effect of powdery mildew on relative oak genotype performances cannot be excluded at later stages since such an effect was already visible on height. Average genomic diversity was not significantly affected by mortality associated with powdery mildew. However, our study brings support to a deleterious effect of very low individual heterozygosity on the probability of survival across the different families. Finally, our study points to a few candidate genes for several fitness-related traits.
Visual periodicity reveals distinct attentional signatures for face and non-face categories
Authors: Quek Genevieve L. , de Heering Adélaïde 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTObservers can selectively deploy attention to regions of space, moments in time, specific visual features, individual objects, and even specific high-level categories – for example, when keeping an eye out for dogs while jogging. Here we exploited visual periodicity to examine how category-based attention differentially modulates selective neural processing of face and non-face categories. We combined electroencephalography (EEG) with a novel frequency-tagging paradigm capable of capturing selective neural responses for multiple visual categories contained within the same rapid image stream (faces/birds in Exp 1; houses/birds in Exp 2). We found that the pattern of attentional enhancement and suppression for face-selective processing is unique compared to other object categories: Where attending to non-face objects strongly enhances their selective neural signals during a later stage of processing (300-500ms), attentional enhancement of face-selective processing is both earlier and comparatively more modest. Moreover, only the selective neural response for faces appears to be actively suppressed by attending towards an alternate visual category. These results underscore the special status that faces hold within the human visual system, and highlight the utility of visual periodicity as a powerful tool for indexing selective neural processing of multiple visual categories contained within the same image sequence.
Mammalian PIWI-piRNA-target complexes reveal features for broad and efficient target-silencing
Authors: Li Zhiqing , Li Zhenzhen , Li Lili , Zeng Lin , Xue Junchao , Niu Huilin , Zhong Jing , Yu Qilu , Li Dengfeng , Tu Shikui , Zhang ZZ Zhao , Song Chun-Qing , Wu Jianping , Shen En-Zhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is an adaptive defense system wherein piRNAs guide PIWI-family Argonaute proteins to recognize and silence ever-evolving selfish genetic elements and ensure genome integrity. Driven by this intensive host-pathogen arms race, piRNA pathway and its targeted transposons have co-evolved rapidly in a species-specific manner, but how the piRNA pathway specifically adapts to target silencing in mammals remains elusive. Here, we show that mouse MILI and human HILI piRISCs bind and cleave targets more efficiently than their invertebrate counterpart from spongeEphydatia fluviatilis. The inherent functional differences comport with structural features identified by cryo-EM studies of piRISCs. In the absence of target, MILI and HILI piRISCs adopt a wider nucleic-acid-binding channel and display an extended prearranged piRNA seed as compared toEfPiwi piRISC, consistent with their ability to capture targets more efficiently thanEfPiwi piRISC. In the presence of target, the seed gate—which enforces seed-target fidelity in microRNA RISC—adopts a relaxed state in mammalian piRISC, revealing how MILI and HILI tolerate seed-target mismatches to broaden the target spectrum. A vertebrate-specific lysine distorts the piRNA seed, shifting the trajectory of the piRNA-target duplex out of the central cleft and toward the PAZ lobe. Functional analyses reveal that this lysine promotes target binding and cleavage. Our study therefore provides a molecular basis for the piRNA targeting mechanism in mouse and human, and suggests that mammalian piRNA machinery can achieve broad target silencing using a limited supply of piRNA species.
Gestational diabetes augments group BStreptococcus perinatal infection through disruptions in maternal immunity and the vaginal microbiota
Authors: Mercado-Evans Vicki , Mejia Marlyd E. , Zulk Jacob J. , Ottinger Samantha , Hameed Zainab , Serchejian Camille , Marunde Madelynn G. , Robertson Clare M. , Ballard Mallory B. , Korotkova Natalia , Flores Anthony R. , Pennington Kathleen A. , Patras Kathryn A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTGroup BStreptococcus(GBS) is a pervasive perinatal pathogen, yet factors driving GBS disseminationin uteroare poorly defined. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a complication marked by dysregulated immunity and maternal microbial dysbiosis, increases risk for GBS perinatal disease. We interrogated host-pathogen dynamics in a novel murine GDM model of GBS colonization and perinatal transmission. GDM mice had greater GBSin uterodissemination and subsequently worse neonatal outcomes. Dual-RNA sequencing revealed differential GBS adaptation to the GDM reproductive tract, including a putative glycosyltransferase (yfhO), and altered host responses. GDM disruption of immunity included reduced uterine natural killer cell activation, impaired recruitment to placentae, and altered vaginal cytokines. Lastly, we observed distinct vaginal microbial taxa associated with GDM status and GBS invasive disease status. Our translational model of GBS perinatal transmission in GDM hosts recapitulates several clinical aspects and enables discovery of host and bacterial drivers of GBS perinatal disease.
Cross-linking mass spectrometric analysis of the endogenous TREX complex fromS. cerevisiae
Authors: Kern Carina , Radon Christin , Wende Wolfgang , Leitner Alexander , Sträßer Katja 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe conserved TREX complex has multiple functions in gene expression such as transcription elongation, 3’ end processing, mRNP assembly and nuclear mRNA export as well as the maintenance of genomic stability. InS. cerevisiae, TREX is composed of the pentameric THO complex, the DEAD-box RNA helicase Sub2, the nuclear mRNA export adaptor Yra1 and the SR-like proteins Gbp2 and Hrb1. Here, we present the structural analysis of the endogenous TREX complex ofS. cerevisiaepurified from its native environment. To this end, we used cross-linking mass spectrometry to gain structural information on regions of the complex that are not accessible to classical structural biology techniques. We also used negative-stain electron microscopy to investigate the organization of the cross-linked complex used for XL-MS by comparing our endogenous TREX complex with recently published structural models of recombinant THO-Sub2 complexes. According to our analysis, the endogenous yeast TREX complex preferentially assembles into a dimer. The overall structures of the recombinant yeast THO-Sub2 complexes strongly resemble the structural conformation of the monomers and the dimer interface of the endogenous TREX complex.
Metabolic and neurobehavioral disturbances induced by purine recycling deficiency inDrosophila
Authors: Petitgas Céline , Seugnet Laurent , Dulac Amina , Matassi Giorgio , Mteyrek Ali , Fima Rebecca , Strehaiano Marion , Dagorret Joana , Chérif-Zahar Baya , Marie Sandrine , Ceballos-Picot Irène , Birman Serge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are two structurally related enzymes involved in purine recycling in humans. Inherited mutations that suppress HGPRT activity are associated with Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND), a rare X-linked metabolic and neurological disorder in children, characterized by hyperuricemia, dystonia and compulsive self-injury. To date, no treatment is available for these neurological defects and no animal model recapitulates all symptoms of LND patients. Here we studied LND-related mechanisms in the fruit fly. By combining enzymatic assays and phylogenetic analysis, we confirm that no HGPRT activity is expressed inDrosophila melanogaster, making the APRT homologue (Aprt) the only purine-recycling enzyme in this organism. Whereas APRT deficiency does not trigger neurological defects in humans, we observed thatDrosophila Aprtmutants show both metabolic and neurobehavioral disturbances, including increased uric acid levels, locomotor impairments, sleep alterations, seizure-like behavior, reduced lifespan, and reduction of adenosine signaling and content. Locomotor defects could be rescued by Aprt re-expression in neurons and reproduced by knocking downAprtselectively in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons, the mushroom bodies or glia subsets. Ingestion of allopurinol rescued uric acid levels inAprt-deficient mutants but not neurological defects, as is the case in LND patients, while feeding adenosine orN6-methyladenosine (m6A) during development fully rescued the epileptic behavior. Intriguingly, pan-neuronal expression of an LND-associated mutant form of human HGPRT (I42T), but not the wild-type enzyme, resulted in early locomotor defects and seizure in flies, similar toAprtdeficiency. Overall, our results suggest thatDrosophilacould be used in different ways to better understand LND and seek a cure for this dramatic disease.
Multimodal 3D transport system implementation barriers in populated municipalities
Authors: Dziugiel Bartosz , Mazur Anna Maria , Liberacki Adam , Ginter Piotr , Utracka Agata , Wyka Sylwester , Di Vito Vittorio , Menichino Aniello 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Process of building and then implementation of integrated multimodal, passenger-centred and predominantly sustainable transport system will require a specific effort to be input in preparation, especially if it covers new entrants like passenger Urban Air Mobility. This paper aims to address the first step which is the identification of barriers to be overcome to turn the concept into reality.

Design/methodology/approach
Comparison of the current state-of-the-art in transportation, Information and Communication Technologies as well as other city planning domains to the forecasted ecosystem, described in the form of scenarios where base for definition of necessary actions, challenges as well as potential barriers and obstacles were identified and thoroughly specified.

Findings
Barriers grouped in five categories: policy, digitalisation, transportation technologies, integration technologies and passengers’ needs allow for formulation of the relevant roadmaps defining optimal development path towards fully integrated multimodal, passenger-centred and sustainable transport system.

Research limitations/implications
Conclusions can be a starting point in studies towards development of roadmap for implementation of truly integrated municipal transport system both sharing the resources as well as high-level objectives.

Practical implications
Conclusions can be exploited in various areas starting from preparation of strategies in cities aspirating to be smart, through definition of technology development priorities by relevant agencies ending with industry actors looking for better trimming their business.

Originality/value
The identified barriers as derived from detailed investigation enable deep insight into the total transport system vision in which Urban Air Mobility integrated within urban mobility ecosystem is considered as game-changing factor having large potential to contribute to both making cities smart and sustainable.
From harasser tourists to above the law managers: female tour guides strategies for coping with sexual harassment
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Abdelgaffar Hala , Salem Islam Elbayoumi , Chaouali Walid , Elbaz Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study examines how far female tour guides in Egypt experience sexual harassment and how they cope with it.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method is employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 full-time female tour guides working for several travel agencies in Egypt. Thematic analysis was used to extract the main ideas from the transcripts.FindingsThe findings show that female tour guides in Egypt would encounter annoying gender harassment mostly from tourists they serve, and they might suffer from irresponsible behavior – gender harassment, unwanted sexual harassment, and sexual coercion – from their local managers. When facing sexual harassment, female tour guides usually tend to adopt one of the following three coping strategies: (a) indifference to sexual harassment they encounter, (b) heroism by taking legal action when exposed to sexual harassment or (c) fatalism by taking inconsequential action such as complaining the harasser to his direct manager or filling in an official complaint inside their workplace. The selection of the coping strategy is usually based on the female victim's personality and the organizational and social context she adapts to.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by filling a gap in tourism, human resources management and gender studies in which empirical studies on the sexual harassment that female tour guides encounter, particularly in non-Western contexts, have been limited so far.
Urban traffic flow management on large scale using an improved ACO for a road transportation system
Authors: Boubedra Somia , Tolba Cherif , Manzoni Pietro , Beddiar Djamila , Zennir Youcef 
Published: June 2023

PurposeWith the demographic increase, especially in big cities, heavy traffic, traffic congestion, road accidents and augmented pollution levels hamper transportation networks. Finding the optimal routes in urban scenarios is very challenging since it should consider reducing traffic jams, optimizing travel time, decreasing fuel consumption and reducing pollution levels accordingly. In this regard, the authors propose an enhanced approach based on the Ant Colony algorithm that allows vehicle drivers to search for optimal routes in urban areas from different perspectives, such as shortness and rapidness.Design/methodology/approachAn improved ant colony algorithm (ACO) is used to calculate the optimal routes in an urban road network by adopting an elitism strategy, a random search approach and a flexible pheromone deposit-evaporate mechanism. In addition, the authors make a trade-off between route length, travel time and congestion level.FindingsExperimental tests show that the routes found using the proposed algorithm improved the quality of the results by 30% in comparison with the ACO algorithm. In addition, the authors maintain a level of accuracy between 0.9 and 0.95. Therefore, the overall cost of the found solutions decreased from 67 to 40. In addition, the experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ improved algorithm outperforms not only the original ACO algorithm but also popular meta-heuristic algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of reducing travel costs and improving overall fitness value.Originality/valueThe proposed improvements to the ACO to search for optimal paths for urban roads include incorporating multiple factors, such as travel length, time and congestion level, into the route selection process. Furthermore, random search, elitism strategy and flexible pheromone updating rules are proposed to consider the dynamic changes in road network conditions and make the proposed approach more relevant and effective. These enhancements contribute to the originality of the authors’ work, and they have the potential to advance the field of traffic routing.
Middle of the road: the effects of political ideology on social status perceptions of and by political moderates in organisations
Authors: Zhang Teng , Soderberg Andrew T. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Drawing on research in the social psychology and political science literatures, this research aims to examine how political moderates perceive, and are perceived by, their co-workers with differing political ideologies in an organisational context, with a focus on the perceptions of social status.

Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypotheses regarding the social status perceptions of and by political moderates in the workplace, the authors conducted an online experiment in which working adults read a hypothetical workplace scenario and then assessed the social status of a co-worker based on the political ideology of that co-worker.

Findings
The results largely supported the two hypothesised asymmetries of social perceptions of and by political moderates in an organisational context. Specifically, political moderates were perceived to have higher social status by their moderate and conservative co-workers than by their liberal co-workers. In addition, political moderates perceived moderate co-workers to have higher social status than conservative ones.

Originality/value
This research investigates the influence of political ideology on social status perceptions in organisations by focusing on the previously underexamined political moderates. The findings illustrate the importance of political moderates, who tend to espouse a moderate level of resistance to social change, in the process of developing a functional hierarchy and balancing change and stability in organisations.
Influences of parental occupation on children's occupational choices
Authors: Abdul Rahaman Wassiuw , Mohammed Ibrahim , Turkson Festus Ebo , Baffour Priscilla Twumasi 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study examines the relationships between parents' and children's occupations to determine the existence of intergenerational transmission of occupations.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the purpose of the study, four predominant occupational types based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO): agriculture and forestry; services and sales; managerial/administrative; and professional/technical are examined using data from the latest (7th) round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). Two complementary methods involving the correlational analysis and regression-based techniques are used.FindingsThe findings indicate the presence of parental influences on children's occupational choices (same-sex and cross-sex) in the Ghanaian labour market, with maternals and same-sector effects having a more substantial influence on children's occupational choices, especially in agriculture and forestry, and services and sales sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of panel data in observing children's occupational choices over time makes it challenging to assume direct causation.Originality/valueThe study is the first to highlight the relative strengths of paternal influence (father's effect) and maternal impact (mother's effect) on sons' and daughters' occupational choices in Africa. The findings have several implications for intergenerational (im)mobility of occupations including how policymakers can make career guidance more effective.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-10-2022-0705
A comprehensive literature review of the impact of child tax credit/child allowance in the United States and South Korea
Authors: Choi Hyeri , Lee Jiwan 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe America Rescue Plan (ARP) transformed the Child Tax Credit (CTC) into a more generous, inclusive monthly payment from July through December 2021. However, the expansion has been terminated and the annual CTC has been reinstated. The United States is one of the few OECD countries that do not have a child allowance system and South Korea has recently adopted child allowance in 2018. This study aims to comprehensively review the existing literature and evidence on ARP-CTC in the United States and Universal Child Allowance (CA) in Korea.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers completed a database search between July 1, 2022 and July 20, 2022. For the United States, the search keywords were child tax credit OR expanded child tax credit OR CTC OR child allowance. For Korea, the search keyword was child allowance. Searches were conducted using 79 databases. A total of 36 US studies and 7 Korean studies met all the inclusion criteria and proceeded to the extraction process. A narrative thematic synthesis approach was employed to identify themes in the findings. The results were organized based on the characteristics of the studies and the post-intervention outcomes.FindingsStudies in the United States focused primarily on economic outcomes, including poverty and material hardship, reflecting the concern policymakers and researchers have about child poverty. On the other hand, Korean studies examined employment, economic well-being, psychological well-being and expenditures in a relatively balanced share. Overall, studies found that both ARP-Child Tax Credits and Universal Child Allowance reduced child poverty and improved material hardship. Also, studies in both countries suggested that both policies had positive impacts on parental psychological well-being.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this paper is the first to comprehensively review the impact of the US ARP-CTC in comparison with the Korean child allowance. Two studies reviewed and updated the literature on US ARP-CTC as a round-up paper. Moreover, the authors conduct cross-national comparative analyses between the United States and Korea. The contexts of the child allowance system in the two nations have both similarities and differences, thereby offering a unique opportunity for a comparative study.