bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Generation of Liquid Lasers from Engineered Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Giant Optical Gain
Authors: Wu Yuting , Huang Zhigao , Sun Qi , Ta Van Duong , Wang Sensen , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the development of optofluidic technology, liquid lasers have attracted intense interest but still face a formidable challenge due to the lack of qualified gain media and creative device design. Compared to the organic fluorescent dyes and traditional CdSe‐based nanocrystals (NCs), the lead‐halide perovskite (LHP) NCs feature larger gain coefficient and higher robustness, which renders LHP NCs a promising unexploited liquid gain medium. Herein, for the first time, the hidden principle governing the solution‐based light amplification in LHP semiconductor NCs is demystified and it is demonstrated that the LHP NCs are superior solution‐phase gain media showing a giant (≈2600 cm−1) optical gain. On this basis, a novel microfluidic laser device is designed and realized that exhibits a record‐low pump threshold (≈22.7 µJ cm−2), high Q‐factor (≈7480), large output polarization (≈0.91), and long‐time robustness over high‐intensity operation, which is readily applicable to practical applications. The findings represent a significant step toward the technologically important liquid lasers of the new generation and can advance optofluidic applications.
Asymptotic invariants constructed from generic initial ideals
Authors: Malara Grzegorz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeneric initial ideals (gins for short) were systematically introduced by Galligo in 1974 under the name of Grauert invariants since they appeared apparently first in works of Grauert and Hironaka. Ever since they have been of interest in commutative algebra and indirectly in algebraic geometry. Recently, Mayes in a series of articles associated with gins of graded families of ideals geometric objects called limiting shapes. The construction resembles that of Okunkov bodies but there are some differences as well. This work is motivated by Mayes articles and explores the connections between gins, limiting shapes, and some asymptotic invariants of homogeneous ideals which are associated with the gins, for example, asymptotic regularity, Waldschmidt constant and some new invariants, which seem relevant from geometric point of view.
An interpolation problem in the Denjoy–Carleman classes
Authors: Albano Paolo , Mughetti Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInspired by some iterative algorithms useful for proving the real analyticity (or the Gevrey regularity) of a solution of a linear partial differential equation with real‐analytic coefficients, we consider the following question. Given a smooth function defined on and given an increasing divergent sequence of positive integers such that the derivative of order of f has a growth of the type , when can we deduce that f is a function in the Denjoy–Carleman class ? We provide a positive result and show that a suitable condition on the gaps between the terms of the sequence is needed.
Projective descriptions of spaces of functions and distributions
Authors: Bargetz Christian , Nigsch Eduard A. , Ortner Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present projective descriptions of classical spaces of functions and distributions. More precisely, we provide descriptions of these spaces by seminorms, which are defined by a combination of classical norms and multiplication or convolution with certain functions. These seminorms are simpler than the ones given by a supremum over bounded or compact sets.
Relation between injection molding conditions, fiber length and mechanical properties for highly reinforced long fiber polypropylene
Authors: Badiola Jon Haitz , Pineda Diego , Lekube Blanca Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA complete study on the relation between the injection molding parameters and the resulting fiber length, orientation and mechanical properties is presented for highly reinforced long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) polypropylene (PP). It has been found that the longest fibers obtained are the ones processed with the lowest backpressure and the highest screw speed. The backpressure gains importance over screw speed when the amount of glass fiber reinforcement increases, contrary to what was found for less reinforced thermoplastics. The injection speed does not influence the fiber breakage phenomena, while it has great importance in fiber orientation and thus on the tensile strength, especially when the weight fiber average length is below 1000 μm. When this average is over 1000 μm, fibers begin to weave a mesh that thickens the core region and hinds its orientation, reducing the tensile strength but improving impact resistance.
Data‐driven fault‐tolerant control for SISO nonlinear system with unknown sensor fault
Authors: Fan Huijin , Han Jingtian , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis paper studies the adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem for a general nonlinear discrete‐time SISO system with unknown system model and sensor fault. First, utilizing the input‐output (I/O) data, an equivalent full‐form dynamic linearization (FFDL) data model is to be constructed by introducing a pseudo‐gradient vector. Then, to estimate the system's actual output from the sensor measurements corrupted by unknown faults, a nonlinear autoregressive with external input neural network (NARXNN) is employed and well‐trained, by which the compensation of the fault signal can hence be derived indirectly. Based on the optimality criterion, an adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy is therefore proposed, which promises the convergence of tracking error and the boundedness of system signals. The effectiveness of the proposed FTC algorithm is illustrated by simulation results.
ℋ2 reset controller design for linear systems using piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions
Authors: Ban Jaepil , Seo Minseok , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Young‐Jin 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis study presents reset controller design conditions for multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) linear systems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The design conditions were developed using a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function (PWQLF), leading to less conservative conditions than using a common Lyapunov function. Achieving LMI relaxation of the PWQLF‐based reset controller design conditions for MIMO linear systems is challenging because (1) dividing the flow set of the reset condition is highly complex, (2) equality constraints, which make the PWQLF continuous on the boundaries between adjacent flow sets, prevent the use of congruence transformation in matrix inequalities, and (3) indefiniteness of the matrices for regional constraints also makes it difficult to apply standard LMI relaxation techniques. To overcome these difficulties, this study introduces a two‐dimensional projection of the plant's output measurements and reset controller's states to construct a reset condition, allowing the PWQLF to be tractable in MIMO linear systems. Then, a new stability analysis condition is derived using the elimination lemma, overcoming the challenges in LMI relaxation of the controller design attributed to the equality constraints and indefinite matrices. An LMI‐based reset controller design condition is then proposed based on the proposed stability analysis. To account for transient behavior, tracking reset controller design problem is addressed. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distributed extremum‐seeking based resource allocation algorithm with input dead‐zone
Authors: Cai Xin , Zhong Huiru , Li Yanbiao , Liao Junbo , Nan Xinyuan , Gao Binpeng 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis paper studies distributed resource allocation problem for agents with input dead‐zone, which is not considered in the existing work. At first, the primal problem is transformed to an auxiliary problem by using the exact penalty method to deal with local inequality constraints. It is assumed that the explicit expressions of cost functions and local inequality constraints are unknown to agents but the values of the cost and constraint functions can be obtained. Under such a setup, the extremum seeking control is used to estimate the gradient information. Thus, to obtain the optimal allocation, a novel distributed algorithm is designed by the virtue of the extremum seeking control and a dynamic compensating mechanism which is used to handle the effects of the input dead‐zone. Due to a two time‐scale structure of the designed distributed algorithm, the semi‐globally practically asymptotical convergence of all agents' decisions to the optimal allocation is obtained by the singular perturbation technique. Finally, numerical examples of economic dispatch in smart grids are given to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Surface atomic structures of nickel plating films reacted with methane at high temperature
Authors: Miyazawa Kun'ichi , Asahara Makoto , Miyasaka Takeshi , Nagai Takuro , Kimoto Koji , Tanaka Yumi 
Published: January 2023

The surface structure of Ni plating films that were reacted with methane at 800°C was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface of the Ni plating film was eroded by the reaction with methane, resulting in a nano‐roughened surface with a hexagonal close‐packed structure with a thickness of ~ 3 nm. The carbon layer deposited on the Ni plating film was evaluated by electron energy loss spectroscopy. An increase in the π + σ bonding energy and full width at half maximum of the π* peak was observed on moving toward the Ni plating film surface, indicating an increase in the hydrogenated or oxidized carbon atoms on the surface of the Ni plating film.
Fabrication of Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots via a “Bottom‐Up” Approach: Topology, Chirality, and Free Radical Processes in “Building Blocks”
Authors: Yang Siwei , Li Yongqiang , Chen Liangfeng , Wang Hang , Shang Liuyang , He Peng , Dong Hui , Wang Gang , Ding Guqiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe discovery of carbon‐based quantum dots (CQDs) has allowed opportunities for fluorescence bioimaging, tumor diagnosis and treatment, and photo‐/electro‐catalysis. Nevertheless, in the existing reviews related to the “bottom‐up” approaches, attention is mainly paid to the applications of CQDs but not the formation mechanism of CQDs, which mainly derived from the high complexities during the synthesis of CQDs. Among the various synthetic methods, using small molecules as “building blocks”, the development of a “bottom‐up” approach has promoted the structural design, modulation of the photoluminescence properties, and control of the interfacial properties of CQDs. On the other hand, many works have demonstrated the “building blocks”‐dependent properties of CQDs. In this review, from one of the most important variables, the relationships among intrinsic properties of “building blocks” and photoluminescence properties of CQDs are summarized. The topology, chirality, and free radical process are selected as descriptors for the intrinsic properties of “building blocks”. This review focuses on the induction and summary of recent research results from the “bottom‐up” process. Moreover, several empirical rules pertaining thereto are also proposed.
Approaching Elaborate Control of the Nano‐Products of Carbothermal Reduction Reaction Through In Situ Identification
Authors: Zhang Jialin , Ji Yuan , Liu Huating , Cheng Ningyan , Guo Siqi , Yang Ming , Ren Long , Ge Binghui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtomic understanding of a chemical reaction can realize the programmable design and synthesis of desired products with specific compositions and structures. Through directly monitoring the phase transition and tracking the dynamic evolution of atoms in a chemical reaction, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques offer the feasibility of revealing the reaction kinetics at the atomic level. Nevertheless, such investigation is quite challenging, especially for reactions involving multi‐phase and complex interfaces, such as the widely adopted carbothermal reduction (CTR) reactions. Herein, in‐situ TEM is applied to monitor the CTR of Co3O4 nanocubes on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Together with the first‐principle calculation, the migration route of Co atoms during the phase transition of the CTR reaction is revealed. Meanwhile, the interfacial edge‐dislocations/stress‐gradient is identified as a result of the atomistic diffusion, which in turn can affect the morphology variation of the reactants. Accordingly, controllable synthesis of Co‐based nanostructure with a desirable phase and structure has been achieved. This work not only provides atomic kinetic insight into CTR reactions but also offers a novel strategy for the design and synthesis of functional nanostructures for emerging energy technologies.
Fundamental Understanding of Nonaqueous and Hybrid Na–CO2 Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Xu Changfan , Dong Yulian , Shen Yonglong , Zhao Huaping , Li Liqiang , Shao Guosheng , Lei Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkali metal–CO2 batteries, which combine CO2 recycling with energy conversion and storage, are a promising way to address the energy crisis and global warming. Unfortunately, the limited cycle life, poor reversibility, and low energy efficiency of these batteries have hindered their commercialization. Li–CO2 battery systems have been intensively researched in these aspects over the past few years, however, the exploration of Na–CO2 batteries is still in its infancy. To improve the development of Na–CO2 batteries, one must have a full picture of the chemistry and electrochemistry controlling the operation of Na–CO2 batteries and a full understanding of the correlation between cell configurations and functionality therein. Here, recent advances in CO2 chemical and electrochemical mechanisms on nonaqueous Na–CO2 batteries and hybrid Na–CO2 batteries (including O2‐involved Na–O2/CO2 batteries) are reviewed in‐depth and comprehensively. Following this, the primary issues and challenges in various battery components are identified, and the design strategies for the interfacial structure of Na anodes, electrolyte properties, and cathode materials are explored, along with the correlations between cell configurations, functional materials, and comprehensive performances are established. Finally, the prospects and directions for rationally constructing Na–CO2 battery materials are foreseen.
Scalable Synthesis of Holey Deficient 2D Co/NiO Single‐Crystal Nanomeshes via Topological Transformation for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Tingshi , Zheng Yanting , Zhao Xin , Lin Mingxiong , Yang Bixia , Yan Jiawei , Zhuang Zanyong , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreparation of holey, single‐crystal, 2D nanomaterials containing in‐plane nanosized pores is very appealing for the environment and energy‐related applications. Herein, an in situ topological transformation is showcased of 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) allows scalable synthesis of holey, single‐crystal 2D transition metal oxides (TMOs) nanomesh of ultrathin thickness. As‐synthesized 2D Co/NiO‐2 nanomesh delivers superior photocatalytic CO2‐syngas conversion efficiency (i.e., VCO of 32460 µmol h−1 g−1 CO and of 17840 µmol h−1 g−1 H2), with VCO about 7.08 and 2.53 times that of NiO and 2D Co/NiO‐1 nanomesh containing larger pore size, respectively. As revealed in high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), the high performance of Co/NiO‐2 nanomesh primarily originates from the edge sites of nanopores, which carry more defect structures (e.g., atomic steps or vacancies) than basal plane for CO2 adsorption, and from its single‐crystal structure adept at charge transport. Theoretical calculation shows the topological transformation from 2D hydroxide to holey 2D oxide can be achieved, probably since the trace Co dopant induces a lattice distortion and thus a sharp decrease of the dehydration energy of hydroxide precursor. The findings can advance the design of intriguing holey 2D materials with well‐defined geometric and electronic properties.
Biodegradable Cationic and Ionizable Cationic Lipids: A Roadmap for Safer Pharmaceutical Excipients
Authors: Jörgensen Arne Matteo , Wibel Richard , Bernkop‐Schnürch Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCationic and ionizable cationic lipids are broadly applied as auxiliary agents, but their use is associated with adverse effects. If these excipients are rapidly degraded to endogenously occurring metabolites such as amino acids and fatty acids, their toxic potential can be minimized. So far, synthesized and evaluated biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids already showed promising results in terms of functionality and safety. Within this review, an overview about the different types of such biodegradable lipids, the available building blocks, their synthesis and cleavage by endogenous enzymes is provided. Moreover, the relationship between the structure of the lipids and their toxicity is described. Their application in drug delivery systems is critically discussed and placed in context with the lead compounds used in mRNA vaccines. Moreover, their use as preservatives is reviewed, guidance for their design is provided, and an outlook on future developments is given.
Adsorbed p‐Aminothiophenol Molecules on Platinum Nanoparticles Improve Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Jin , Yu Jinhong , Wang Junjie , Wang Kaili , Yu Liuyingzi , Zhu Chengcheng , Gao Kun , Gong Zhongyan , Li Zhuoyao , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Cai Dongyu , Xie Haijiao , Lu Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is an important approach to produce clean energy, and many electrocatalysts (e.g., platinum) are developed for hydrogen production. However, the electrocatalytic efficiency of commonly used metal catalysts needs to be improved to compensate their high cost. Herein, the electrocatalytic efficiency of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in hydrogen evolution is largely improved via simple surface adsorption of sub‐monolayer p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules. The overpotential goes down to 86.1 mV, which is 50.2 mV lower than that on naked PtNPs. This catalytic activity is even better than that of 20 wt.% Pt/C, despite the much smaller active surface area of PATP‐adsorbed PtNPs than Pt/C. It is theoretically and experimentally confirmed that the improved electrocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution can be attributed to the change in electronic structure of PtNPs induced by surface adsorption of PATP molecules. More importantly, this strategy can also be used to improve the electrocatalytic activity of palladium, gold, and silver nanoparticles. Therefore, this work provides a simple, convenient, and versatile method for improving the electrocatalytic activity of metal nanocatalysts. This surface adsorption strategy may also be used for improving the efficiency of many other nanocatalysts in many reactions.
Cancer Immunotherapy Elicited by Immunogenic Cell Death Based on Smart Nanomaterials
Authors: Yang Mengyao , Zhang Cheng , Wang Rui , Wu Xiaofeng , Li Haidong , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has been a revolutionary cancer treatment modality because it can not only eliminate primary tumors but also prevent metastases and recurrent tumors. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by various treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy, converts dead cancer cells into therapeutic vaccines, eliciting a systemic antigen‐specific antitumor. However, the outcome effect of cancer immunotherapy induced by ICD has been limited due to the low accumulation efficiency of ICD inducers in the tumor site and concomitant damage to normal tissues. The boom in smart nanomaterials is conducive to overcoming these hurdles owing to their virtues of good stability, targeted lesion site, high bioavailability, on‐demand release, and good biocompatibility. Herein, the design of targeted nanomaterials, various ICD inducers, and the applications of nanomaterials responsive to different stimuli, including pH, enzymes, reactive oxygen species, or dual responses are summarized. Furthermore, the prospect and challenges are briefly outlined to provide reference and inspiration for designing novel smart nanomaterials for immunotherapy induced by ICD.
Causal discovery and inference for evaluating fire resistance of structural members through causal learning and domain knowledge
Authors: Naser M. Z. , Çiftçioğlu Aybike Özyüksel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExperiments remain the gold standard to establish an understanding of fire‐related phenomena. A primary goal in designing tests is to uncover the data generating process (i.e., the how and why the observations we see come to be); or simply what causes such observations. Uncovering such a process not only advances our knowledge but also provides us with the capability to be able to predict phenomena accurately. This paper presents an approach that leverages causal discovery and causal inference to evaluate the fire resistance of structural members. In this approach, causal discovery algorithms are adopted to uncover the causal structure between key variables pertaining to the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns. Then, companion inference algorithms are applied to infer (estimate) the influence of each variable on the fire resistance given a specific intervention. Finally, this study ends by contrasting the algorithmic causal discovery with that obtained from domain knowledge and traditional machine learning. Our findings clearly show the potential and merit of adopting causality into our domain.
Molecular characterization and expression of TGFβRI and TGFβRII and its association with litter size in Tibetan sheep
Authors: Zhang Junxia , Li Mingming , Sun Ruizhe , He Na , Wen Xiaocheng , Han Xueping , Luo Zenghai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundsTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) type I receptor (TGFβRI) and type II receptor (TGFβRII) are the members of the TGFβ superfamily, which are potent regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in many organ systems, and they play key roles in multiple aspects of follicle development.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the characterization, expression analysis of TGFβRI and TGFβRII genes, and the association with litter size in Tibetan sheep.MethodsIn this study, we cloned the complete coding sequences of TGFβRI and TGFβRII genes in Tibetan sheep and analyzed their genomic structures.ResultsThe results showed that percentages of sequences homology of the two proteins in Tibetan sheep were the most similar to Ovis aries (100%), followed by Bos mutus (99%). The RT‐qPCR showed that two genes were expressed widely in the different tissues of Tibetan sheep. The TGFβRI expression was the highest in the lung (p < 0.05), followed by the spleen and ovary (p < 0.05). The TGFβRII expression was significantly higher in uterus than that in lung and ovary (p < 0.05). In addition, the χ2 test indicated that all ewes in the population were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and the population was in medium or low polymorphic information content status. We also found four Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs), g.9414A > G, g.28881A > G, g.28809T > C, g.10429G > A in sheep TGFβRI gene and g.63940C > T, g.63976C > T, g.64538C > T, g.64504T > A in TGFβRII gene. Three genotypes, except for g.64504T > A, and three haplotypes were identified in each gene. linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that there was strong linkage disequilibrium in each gene. The association analysis showed that the four SNPs of TGFβRI were associated with litter size (p < 0.05), and g.63940C > T of TGFβRII was confirmed to be associated with litter size (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on these preliminary results, we can assume that TGFβ receptors (TGFβRI and TGFβRII) may play an important role in sheep reproduction.