bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotics enhance resistance to Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc systems
Authors: Padeniya Uthpala , Davis D. Allen , Liles Mark R. , LaFrentz Stacey A. , LaFrentz Benjamin R. , Shoemaker Craig A. , Beck Benjamin H. , Wells Daniel E. , Bruce Timothy J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiofloc technology is a rearing technique that maintains desired water quality by manipulating carbon and nitrogen and their inherent mixture of organic matter and microbes. Beneficial microorganisms in biofloc systems produce bioactive metabolites that may deter the growth of pathogenic microbes. As little is known about the interaction of biofloc systems and the addition of probiotics, this study focused on this integration to manipulate the microbial community and its interactions within biofloc systems. The present study evaluated two probiotics (B. velezensis AP193 and BiOWiSH FeedBuilder Syn 3) for use in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in a biofloc system. Nine independent 3785 L circular tanks were stocked with 120 juveniles (71.4 ± 4.4 g). Tilapia were fed for 16 weeks and randomly assigned three diets: a commercial control diet or a commercial diet top‐coated with either AP193 or BiOWiSH FeedBuilder Syn3. At 14 weeks, the fish were challenged with a low dose of Streptococcus iniae (ARS‐98‐60, 7.2 × 107 CFU mL−1, via intraperitoneal injection) in a common garden experimental design. At 16 weeks, the fish were challenged with a high dose of S. iniae (6.6 × 108 CFU mL−1) in the same manner. At the end of each challenge trial, cumulative per cent mortality, lysozyme activity and expression of 4 genes (il‐1β, il6, il8 and tnfα) from the spleen were measured. In both challenges, the mortalities of the probiotic‐fed groups were significantly lower (p < .05) than in the control diet. Although there were some strong trends, probiotic applications did not result in significant immune gene expression changes related to diet during the pre‐trial period and following exposure to S. iniae. Nonetheless, overall il6 expression was lower in fish challenged with a high dose of ARS‐98‐60, while tnfα expression was lower in fish subjected to a lower pathogen dose. Study findings demonstrate the applicability of probiotics as a dietary supplement for tilapia reared in biofloc systems.
Identification of N1 methyladenosine‐related biomarker predicting overall survival outcomes and experimental verification in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Jing , Han Hua , Wang Runfang , Wang Yazhuo , Zhang Yuan , Li Na , Wang Bei , Chu Zhaoping , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Hongzhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to construct a N1‐methyladenosine (m1A)‐related biomarker model for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer (OVCA).MethodsOVCA samples were clustered into two subtypes using the Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm, including TCGA (n = 374) as the training set and GSE26712 (n = 185) as the external validation set. Hub genes, which were screened to construct a risk model, and nomogram to predict the overall survival of OVCA were explored and validated through various bioinformatic analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsFollowing bootstrap correction, the C‐index of nomogram was 0.62515, showing reliable performance. The functions of DEGs in the high‐ and low‐risk groups were mainly enriched in immune response, immune regulation, and immune‐related diseases. The immune cells relevant to the expression of hub genes were explored, for example, Natural Killer (NK) cells, T cells, activated dendritic cells (aDC).ConclusionsAADAC, CD38, CACNA1C, and ATP1A3 might be used as m1A‐related biomarkers for OVCA, and the nomogram labeled with m1A for the first time had excellent performance for predicting overall survival in OVCA.
Application of organoselenium in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm adhesion on 3D printed denture base material
Authors: Alawadi Ahmad , AbdulAzees Parveez Ahmed , Lin Chun‐Yen , Haney Stephan J. , Hanlon John P. , Angelara Konstantina , Taft Robert M. , Amaechi Bennett T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeDenture Stomatitis, a chronic mucosal inflammation associated with Candida albicans, is common among denture wearers. Several health conditions have been linked to chronic Candida infections. The complex, multifactorial nature of denture stomatitis requires the continuous pursuit of effective long‐term solutions. The present in vitro study investigated the effect of incorporating organoselenium into 3D‐printed denture base resin on C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation.Materials and MethodsThirty disks were fabricated using 3D‐printed denture base resin and assigned to three experimental groups (10/group): disks without organoselenium (control), disks with 0.5% organoselenium (0.5%SE), and disks with 1% organoselenium (1%SE). Each disk was incubated with approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL of C. albicans for 48 h. Microbial viability (CFU/mL) was quantified by the spread plate method, while Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope were performed for quantifying the biofilm thickness and examining biofilm morphology, respectively. Data were analyzed using One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test.ResultsCFU/mL was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Control when compared with 0.5%SE and 1%SE, but no significant difference between 0.5%SE and 1%SE. A similar trend was observed with biofilm thickness except that there was no significant difference between the Control and 0.5%SE. There was C. albicans biofilm adhesion on the Control disks, with yeast cells and hyphae formation, whereas on 0.5%SE and 1%SE, there was inhibition of yeast cells transition to hyphae formation.ConclusionsIncorporation of organoselenium into 3D‐printed denture base resin was effective in reducing C. albicans biofilm formation and growth on denture base material.
Small‐scale heterogeneity shapes grassland diversity in low‐to‐intermediate resource environments
Authors: Olagoke Adewole , Jeltsch Florian , Tietjen Britta , Berger Uta , Ritter Hagen , Maaß Stefanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuestionsSoil resource heterogeneity influences the outcome of plant–plant interactions and, consequently, species co‐existence and diversity patterns. The magnitude and direction of heterogeneity effects vary widely, and the processes underlying such variations are not fully understood. In this study, we explored how and under what resource conditions small‐scale heterogeneity modulates grassland plant diversity.LocationOderhänge Mallnow, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany.MethodsWe expanded the individual‐based plant community model (IBC‐grass) to incorporate dynamic below‐ground resource maps, simulating spatial heterogeneity of resource availability. Empirical centimeter‐scale data of soil C/N ratio were integrated into the model, accounting for both configurational and compositional heterogeneity. We then analyzed the interplay between small‐scale heterogeneity and resource availability on the interaction and co‐existence of plant species and overall diversity.ResultsOur results showed significant differences between the low‐ and high‐resource scenarios, with both configurational and compositional heterogeneity having a positive effect on species richness and Simpson's diversity, but only under low‐resource conditions. As compositional heterogeneity in the fine‐scale C/N ratio increased, we observed a positive shift in Simpson's diversity and species richness, with the highest effects at the highest level of variability tested. We observed little to no effect in nutrient‐rich scenarios, and a shift to negative effects at the intermediate resource level. The study demonstrates that site‐specific resource levels underpin how fine‐scale heterogeneity influences plant diversity and species co‐existence, and partly explains the divergent effects recorded in different empirical studies.ConclusionsThis study provides mechanistic insights into the complex relationship between resource heterogeneity and diversity patterns. It highlights the context‐dependent effects of small‐scale heterogeneity, which can be positive under low‐resource, neutral under high‐resource, and negative under intermediate‐resource conditions. These findings provide a foundation for future investigations into small‐scale heterogeneity–diversity relationships, contributing to a deeper understanding of the processes that promote species co‐existence in plant communities.
Epitaxial fluorapatite vein in Northwest Africa 998 host apatite: Clues on the geochemistry of late hydrothermal fluids on Mars
Authors: Martínez Marina , Shearer Charles K. , Brearley Adrian J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSecondary minerals in martian nakhlites provide a powerful tool for investigating the nature, composition, and duration of aqueous activity in the martian crust. Northwest Africa (NWA) 998 crystallized early from the nakhlite magmatic source and has evidence of minimal signatures of the late hydrothermal alteration event that altered the nakhlites. Using FIB‐TEM techniques to study a cumulus apatite grain in NWA 998, we report the first evidence of a submicron‐scale vein consisting of fluorapatite and an SiO2‐rich phase. Fluorapatite grew epitaxially on the walls of an opened cleavage plane of host F‐bearing chlorapatite and the SiO2‐rich phase filled the center of the vein. The presence of nanoporosity and nanometer‐scale amorphous material and the sharp interface between the vein and the host apatite indicate the vein represents a coupled dissolution–reprecipitation process that generated apatite of a different composition that was more stable with the fluid. Using experimental data and diffusion coefficients of Cl in apatite from the literature, we conclude that the vein was caused by a low temperature (~300°C), slightly acidic, F‐, Si‐rich, aqueous fluid that acted as a closed system. Based on the characteristics of the vein (formation by rapid injection of fluid) and the fluid (composition, temperature, pH), and the lack of terrestrial weathering products in our SEM and TEM images, we infer that the vein is pre‐terrestrial in origin. Our observations support the hypothesis that the heat source triggering a hydrothermal system was a low‐shock velocity impact and rule out a magmatic origin. Finally, the vein could have formed from a late‐stage fluid different from that reported in other nakhlites, but formation during the same magmatic event by, for example, a less evolved fluid might also be plausible.
The Role of Executive Function in Reading Development and Reading Intervention
Authors: Peng Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current review of the role of executive function (EF) in reading provides a brief summary of analyses with a large‐scale longitudinal dataset and a meta‐analysis, along with proposing a framework for designing EF training studies. The 1st study, based on latent growth models with structured residuals, demonstrated a longitudinal reciprocal relation between reading and EF in Grades 2–5, but only for high‐performing students and not for the general population sample or those with reading difficulties. The 2nd study, based on meta‐profiling analysis and meta‐analytical structural equation modeling of 378 studies, showed unique contributions of EF to reading difficulties after controlling for language skills and suggested a reading difficulty‐EF deficit vicious cycle with development. The 3rd component of this review describes a framework for a domain‐specific approach to intervention. Based on the findings of these studies, I propose that working memory training tasks should closely link the central executive (attentional control) with the use of long‐term memory through retrieval practice in a specific academic domain, and training tasks should promote strategy use that can be effectively applied (i.e., transferred) to different academic tasks.
Biogeography and the evolution of acoustic communication in the polyploid North American grey treefrog complex
Authors: Booker William W. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R. , Ptacek Margaret B. , Hassinger Alyssa T. B. , Schul Johannes , Gerhardt H. Carl 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfter polyploid species are formed, interactions between diploid and polyploid lineages may generate additional diversity in novel cytotypes and phenotypes. In anurans, mate choice by acoustic communication is the primary method by which individuals identify their own species and assess suitable mates. As such, the evolution of acoustic signals is an important mechanism for contributing to reproductive isolation and diversification in this group. Here, we estimate the biogeographical history of the North American grey treefrog complex, consisting of the diploidHyla chrysoscelisand the tetraploidHyla versicolor, focusing specifically on the geographical origin of whole genome duplication and the expansion of lineages out of glacial refugia. We then test for lineage‐specific differences in mating signals by applying comparative methods to a large acoustic data set collected over 52 years that includes >1500 individual frogs. Along with describing the overall biogeographical history and call diversity, we found evidence that the geographical origin ofH. versicolorand the formation of the midwestern polyploid lineage are both associated with glacial limits, and that the southwestern polyploid lineage is associated with a shift in acoustic phenotype relative to the diploid lineage with which they share a mitochondrial lineage. InH. chrysoscelis, we see that acoustic signals are largely split by Eastern and Western lineages, but that northward expansion along either side of the Appalachian Mountains is associated with further acoustic diversification. Overall, results of this study provide substantial clarity on the evolution of grey treefrogs as it relates to their biogeography and acoustic communication.
Efficacy of an expanded preoperative survey during perioperative care to identify illicit substance use in teenagers and adolescents
Authors: Stone Katelynn , Rice‐Weimer Julie , Tram Nguyen K. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs illicit substance use can present several perioperative concerns, effective means to identify such practices are necessary to ensure patient safety. Identification of illicit substance use in pediatric patients may be problematic as screening may rely on parental reporting.AimsThe current study compares answers regarding use of illicit substances between a survey completed by the patient and the preoperative survey completed by parents or guardians.MethodsThe study included patients presenting for surgery at Nationwide Children's Hospital, ranging in age from 12 to 21 years. After consent, patients completed a survey of six drop‐down questions using an iPad. The six questions involved the patient's history of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, vaping, and opioid use. The results were compared to the answers obtained from the parents during a preoperative phone call.ResultsThe study cohort included surveys from 250 patients with a median age of 16 years. Survey data showed a statistically higher reporting of substance use or abuse from the patient study survey in comparison to the routine parental preoperative survey. Alcohol report rates were highest with 69 (27.6%) patients reporting use compared to only 5 parental reports (2%). There was a similar discrepancy in reported rates of vaping use (40 patient reports, 16.0% vs. 11 parental reports, 4.4%) and illicit substance use including marijuana (52 patient reports, 20.8% vs. 11 parental reports, 4.4%). Reported rates of tobacco use were lowest among the survey responses with 12 patient reports (4.8%) and 5 parental reports (2.0%).ConclusionsIdentifying illicit substance and tobacco use via a phone survey of parents is inaccurate and does not allow for proper identification of use of these substances in patients ≤21 years of age presenting for surgery. An anonymous 2‐min survey completed by the patient more correctly identifies these issues.
Legislative responses to shared executive authority: How the prospects for executive branch coordination affect congressional budgetary authority under separated powers
Authors: Hollibaugh Gary E. , Krause George A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow do the prospects for executive branch coordination affect legislatures' willingness to expand or contract budgets for public agencies? A theory is advanced stating the conditions whereby Congress expands and contracts the budgets of U.S. federal executive agencies based upon the type of presidential loyalty displayed by agency heads, as well as whether Congress's policy interests are aligned with or opposed by presidents. One aspect of the theory posits that executive agencies' budgets exhibit relatively lower volatility in response to unreliable executive agency heads when Congress is controlled by a different party than the president compared to instances of unified party government. The evidence offers compelling, albeit mixed, support for the theory's testable predictions while gleaning novel empirical insights for understanding how the prospects for executive branch coordination via leadership appointees affect the contingent nature of Congress's decisions in shaping the funding of U.S. federal executive agencies.
Does surgery cause anxiety, stress and fear in geriatric patients?
Authors: Karabulut Neziha , Gürçayır Dilek , Abi Özlem , Kızıloğlu Ağgül Beyzanur , Söylemez Nilgün 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBecause of physiological changes in geriatric patients, their surgical process differs from that of young adults. In this regard, the perioperative period is an extremely risky time for geriatric patients. The present study examined preoperative fear, anxiety, and perceived stress levels as well as the factors affecting them in elderly patients prior to surgical intervention.MethodsThis study adopted a cross‐sectional descriptive design. The study sample consisted of geriatric patients (n = 407) scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a research and training hospital in northeast Turkey. Data were collected by the researchers using the personal information form, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10), Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) and Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire (ASSQ). In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, the t‐test in independent groups, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and Bonferroni tests for post hoc analyses were used.ResultsOn the PSS–10, the mean score was higher for the 75‐and‐older age group, single patients, patients with a disease requiring medication, and those who had previously undergone surgery (P < 0.05). On the ASSQ, the mean score was lower for patients aged 65–69, university graduates, patients without children, and those without a disease requiring medication (P < 0.05). On the SFQ, the mean score was higher for the 75‐and‐older age group, primary school graduates, and single patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionIt was determined that being single, having a chronic disability, and advancing age had an effect on the patients' surgery‐specific anxiety, perceived stress, and fear of surgery. Long‐standing chronic diseases can negatively affect both stress and anxiety levels of individuals.
M in CoMputational thinking: How long does it take to read a book?
Authors: Fry Kym , Makar Katie , Hillman Judith 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEven at the primary level, computational thinking (CT) can support young students to prepare for participating in futures that are immersed in data. In mathematics classrooms, there are few explanations of the ways CT can support students in formulating and solving complex problems. This paper presents an example of a primary classroom investigation (8‐9 year olds) over seven lessons of the problem “How long does it take to read a book?” The aim is to illustrate ways a statistical investigation can provide context for CT and demonstrate how the two complement each other to solve problems involving mathematics. The findings highlight opportunities and challenges that students face across the elements of CT—decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition and modelling, and generalization and algorithmic thinking, including recommendations for teaching.
Arabidopsis thaliana RPL13aC affects root system architecture through shoot potassium accumulation
Authors: Ma Dichao , Fukuda Hirofumi , Sotta Naoyuki , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYPlant root system architecture shows complex patterns adapting to different nutritional conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, root slanting is a behaviour that is observed when plants are grown on a solid agar plate vertically. However, the regulatory mechanisms of root slanting in response to nutrient conditions are not fully understood. In this study, we found that mutants of A. thaliana ribosome protein RPL13aC, which is expressed in root tips and leaves, exhibit a decreased root‐slanting phenotype. Ionomic analysis revealed that rpl13ac mutants have a reduced K content in shoots but not in roots. Because K+ availability has been suggested to affect root coiling, we hypothesized that the decreased root slanting of rpl13ac mutants is caused by the decrease in K content in their shoots. Decapitating shoots or limiting K supply dramatically decreased root slanting in wild‐type (WT) plants. We found that the expression of HIGH‐AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) significantly decreased in the roots of rpl13ac mutants. Mutants of hak5 showed decreased shoot K contents and decreased root slanting, supporting that the decreased shoot K+ accumulation results in less root slanting. K+ replenishment to the shoots of rpl13ac, hak5 mutants and K‐starved WT plants recovered their root slanting significantly. These results indicate that plants adjust root slanting in response to K+ accumulation in shoots. Further analysis showed that rpl13ac mutants have abnormal thigmotropic responses, which may be responsible for their defects in root slanting. Altogether, these results revealed K+‐dependent mechanisms that affect root system architecture.
M2 plants derived from different tillers of a chemically mutagenized rice M1 plant carry independent sets of mutations
Authors: Yamazaki Kiyoshi , Sotta Naoyuki , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYGeneration of mutant populations with high genetic diversity is key for mutant screening and crop breeding. For this purpose, the single‐seed descent method, in which one mutant line is established from a single mutagenized seed, is commonly used. This method ensures the independence of the mutant lines, but the size of the mutant population is limited because it is no greater than the number of fertile M1 plants. The rice mutant population size can be increased if a single mutagenized plant produces genetically independent siblings. Here, we used whole‐genome resequencing to examine the inheritance of mutations from a single ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized seed (M1) of Oryza sativa in its progeny (M2). We selected five tillers from each of three M1 plants. A single M2 seed was selected from each tiller, and the distributions of mutations induced by EMS were compared. Surprisingly, in most pairwise combinations of M2 siblings from the same parent, ≥85.2–97.9% of all mutations detected were not shared between the siblings. This high percentage suggests that the M2 siblings were derived from different cells of the M1 embryo and indicates that several genetically independent lines can be obtained from a single M1 plant. This approach should allow a large reduction in the number of M0 seeds needed to obtain a mutant population of a certain size in rice. Our study also suggests that multiple tillers of a rice plant originate from different cells of the embryo.