bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polycarbonate‐b‐Polyester Block Copolymers From CO2/Epoxide/ε‐Caprolactone Catalyzed by Salen‐Cobalt(III) Complex
Authors: Fan Chaogang , Ge Qingyun , Lu Shujuan , Feng Xianshe , Tu Yingfeng , Jia Li , Lin Shaohui , Pan Qinmin , Ng Flora T. T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA Salen‐Co(III)‐Cl catalyzed copolymerization strategy is developed for the controlled synthesis of polycarbonate‐b‐polyester block copolymers through a one‐pot process involving CO2, 4‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐epoxy (VCHO), and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL). This procedure is extended to the copolymerization of CO2, VCHO, and lactide. The catalytic system is designed and optimized with temperature and CO2 acting as triggers to switch between CO2/epoxide copolymerization and ε‐CL homopolymerization. In addition, introducing water as the chain transfer agent reduced the polydispersity index (PDI) of the block copolymers. The copolymer composition can be controlled by adjusting the concentration ratio of epoxides and ε‐CL, yielding copolymers with carbonate molar ratios ranging from 14% to 67%. The block copolymers exhibit enhanced thermal stability, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) can be controlled by adjusting the block composition.
Research on Coaxial Direct‐Write Forming Technology for the Integrated Core and Shell of a CL‐20‐Based Micro Detonating Cord
Authors: Cao Haoxing , Tan Kaixin , Li Shijiao , Shi Songchao , Cheng Xiaoying , An Chongwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate a method for rapid prototyping of integrated core and shell of micro detonating cord, core ink and shell ink that are compatible with direct writing process and have excellent microscale detonation performance were designed on the basis of the coaxial direct writing technology and photothermal dual curing technology, and micro detonating cord samples were prepared. The morphology and performance of the direct writing samples were characterized and evaluated using a rheological tester, a universal testing machine, a scanning electron microscope, an optical microscope, and other instruments. The results indicate that the core ink possesses excellent rheological properties and favorable direct writing formability, whereas the shell ink can achieve rapid curing and molding, thereby providing protection and support for the core. The micro detonating cord sample exhibits a complete structure, with core and shell particles evenly distributed, and the CL‐20 explosive crystal maintains its ε form. In comparison to the raw material ε‐CL‐20, the apparent activation energy of the micro detonating cord sample increased by 41.7 kJ mol−1, whereas the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity decreased by 533% and 275%, respectively, demonstrating excellent thermal stability and mechanical safety. When the charge density of the micro detonating cord sample is 1.53 g cm−3, the average detonation velocity reaches 6888 m s−1, and the maximum error of the “one‐in‐three‐out” detonation synchronization is 0.350 µs. The findings demonstrate that the performance of the micro detonating cord samples is superior and that integrated rapid prototyping is feasible, offering new insights into the miniaturization, charge consistency, and rapid assembly of detonating cords.
Preparation of PBAT/PCL Films for Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Zhang Jiatao , Wang Yu , Zhang Yuan , Guo Jia , Li Yulu , Dong Tungalag , Yun Xueyan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe uniaxially stretched blend films comprising poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder with the objective of modifying the properties of the PBAT film. The mechanical properties, gas permeability and potential applications in cherry tomatoes of the modified films were determined and evaluated. The addition of PCL resulted in a notable increase in the stiffness of the PBAT films. Nevertheless, no notable alterations were observed in the oxygen permeability of the blend films in comparison to the neat PBAT film. The CO2 and water vapour permeability of PBAT films exhibited a decrease initially and then the increase upon the PCL addition, reaching a minimum value at 20% addition. Notably, the permeability ratio of CO2 to O2 in the PBAT/PCL blend films exceeds 8.1 at 5°C, which is about four times higher than that of the PE film (1.75). It can therefore be concluded that the blend films displayed a notable preservative effect on packaged cherry tomatoes in packaging applications. This was evidenced by the maintenance of high CO2 and extremely low O2 concentrations inside the packaging, which inhibited the postharvest respiration rate of cherry tomatoes. The utilization of PBAT/PCL20 blend films could effectively reduce the decline rate of hardness, weight, soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of cherry tomatoes caused by long‐term storage, especially in low temperature condition. Consequently, the blend films exhibit considerable promise as a passive modified atmosphere packaging material for fruits and vegetables.
The antioxidant activity of monosubstituted edaravone: Theoretical insights
Authors: Vo Quan V. , Trung Nguyen Quang , Yen Tran Thi , Thao Pham Thi Thu , Thong Nguyen Minh , Quang Duong Tuan , Nam Pham Cam , Huong Dinh Quy , Mechler Adam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEdaravone (EDV) is a pharmaceutical agent used for the treatment of acute strokes resulting from thrombosis or embolism in the cerebral region. Prior research demonstrated that EDV possesses the ability to safeguard brain cells, diminish atherosclerosis, shield against retinal damage, impede lipid and DNA oxidation, and restrict the production of free radicals in the liver. This work utilized DFT simulations to assess the impact of substituents on the thermodynamic properties and hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of EDV derivatives. The ionization energies of the EDV derivatives were shown to be significantly reduced by substituents with electron‐donating property like OMe and NMe2 groups, and increased in all positions where strong electron‐withdrawing substituents such as NO2 and CF3 were located. However, the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the C4─H bond decreased by substituents at position 4. The investigation revealed that 4‐NMe2‐EDV is the most effective at scavenging radicals and has the potential to act as a CP450 enzyme inhibitor, particularly in lipid environments.
Effect of chitosan coating and organic acid salts on quality and shelf life of black tiger shrimp stored at 0° C
Authors: Tam Le Nhat , Anh Huynh Nguyen Que , Khue Doan Nhu , Huong Nguyen Thi , Tuan Pham Minh , Uyen Phan Thuy Xuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the extension of the shelf life of black tiger shrimp stored at 0 °C by applying treatments with organic acid salt solutions combined with chitosan preservation coatings. Four shrimp samples were included: the control sample, the sample treated with 2.5% sodium citrate solution, the sample treated with 2% chitosan solution, and the sample treated with 2.5% sodium citrate solution followed by 2% chitosan. Sensory, chemical, and microbiological quality factors were monitored over 17 days of storage using quality indices such as the quality index (QI) from the quality index method, hypoxanthine, trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA‐N), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), and total viable count (TVC) to assess the shrimp's freshness. As a result, QI and hypoxanthine levels increased linearly with storage time in all shrimp samples. TMA‐N and TVB‐N values exhibited two‐phase linear changes corresponding to the autolysis and decomposition stages of the shrimp. The shelf life was determined to be 8 days for the control sample, 12 days for the citrate sample, 13 days for the chitosan sample, and 15 days for the citrate/chitosan sample. Linear regression equations between the indices and storage time, as well as between the quality indices for each sample, were identified.
Measurement and Verification Framework for Clusters of Buildings: A Comprehensive Approach to Validating and Quantifying Savings in Large-Scale Building Interventions
Authors: Siokas Georgios , Balomenos Athanasios , Fekas Evangelos , Triantafyllis Georgios , Kopsinis Yannis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnergy conservation measures (ECMs), also referred to as interventions, are a set of actions intended to enhance energy efficiency or conserve energy consumption. When implementing an intervention in a building or a set of buildings, the actual energy savings cannot be directly quantified. Alternately, savings are calculated by comparing the energy consumption before and after interventions while adjusting to condition changes. Based on the literature, systematic approaches for determining the true impact of an investment in energy efficiency are collectively referred to as measurement and verification (M&V) methods, supported by a well-established set of guidelines, directives, and protocols, e.g. International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP).Therefore, the paper proposes a methodology based on the available M&V methods to validate, quantify, monitor, and report the achieved energy savings with large-scale aggregated during an operational year. It is designed to integrate and consolidate the available information and provide insights to validate the impact of the energy consumption optimisation strategy. The method describes all the steps, from gathering the data to feature selection to model selection and saving quantification and performance evaluation.The proposed methodology’s practical application is demonstrated through its testing on Danish residential buildings in the Municipality of Aalborg. A shared adjusted baseline model is constructed per cluster of buildings to predict post-intervention energy consumption. The results show that the method reduces the computational effort of calculating the energy consumption of a series of buildings separately and delivers reliable predictions, underscoring its practical value.
Feasibility Study of Precoated Binder-Type Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slags as Aggregates for Cement Mortar
Authors: Lin Wei-Ting , Sprince Andīna , Hebda Marek , Mucsi Gábor , Cheng An , Pan Huang-Hsing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe study used electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) to substitute natural fine aggregates. However, EAFOS replacement may cause volumetric instability. Therefore, a cement, fly ash, or slag layer was coated with EAFOS as a precoated technique. Then, the effect of EAFOS on engineering properties was investigated, and the optimum amount of EAFOS was identified. The amount of coated binders was set at 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of the weight of EAFOS, and the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of the coated binders was fixed at 0.50 to 0.20. The proportion of EAFOS replacing fine aggregates was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, and the w/b of the mortar was fixed at 0.55. The results showed that the proportion of precoated binder was 30% of the EAFOS and the w/b was 0.30. Curing time was up to 28 days, and slag was the appropriate precoated binder. Maximum compressive strengths of mortars made with precoated EAFOS were 42.94 and 56.96 MPa at 7 and 28 days (40% replacement for fine aggregates). The maximum compressive strengths of specimens without coated EAFOS were 36.67 and 47.55 MPa at 7 and 28 days (the identical replacement). The drying shrinkage of 40% precoated slag specimens was 0.054% at 7 days and 0.074% at 28 days. The appearance of the specimens did not reveal any abnormality after 28 days of immersion in water at 70 °C. The precoated technique adopted in this study can be used as a stabilization procedure for replacing natural fine aggregates with EAFOS.
Operational Modal Analysis and Finite Element Model Updating of the Naillac Tower in Rhodes, Greece
Authors: Shabani Amirhosein , Karimi Amir Hossein 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMitigating vulnerabilities of cultural heritage assets prevents damage from extreme weather, encourages sustainable restoration practices that cut carbon emissions, and yields long-term cost savings, all while conserving the legacy of historical constructions. Developing a precise numerical model that closely simulates the actual structure is a crucial component of a vulnerability assessment methodology. The objective of this study is to present a finite element (FE) model updating of a historical masonry arch with a corner tower in Rhodes, Greece. The Naillac tower, as part of the medieval city of Rhodes, is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Three-dimensional (3D) documentation was conducted using digital cameras, 3D laser scanners, drones, and total stations. These tools were chosen for their effectiveness in capturing the intricate architecture of the structure while expediting the documentation process. A 3D dense point cloud was generated, forming the basis for the subsequent development of a 3D FE model. On the other hand, operational modal analysis (OMA) was conducted based on the ambient vibration testing (AVT) data using accelerometer sensors to define the frequency values and corresponding mode shapes of the structure. The material properties of the FE model are calibrated to match the modal properties of the FE model with those recorded experimentally. Finally, the updated mechanical properties of the stone masonry for different parts of the structure were presented. Significant variations exist between the calibrated material properties and those assumed from empirical equations, underscoring the necessity for model calibration based on OMA.
Numerical Study of a Hybrid Timber–Concrete Floor System
Authors: Tsalkatidis Themistoklis , Alhussain Mohand Morchid 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe presented research study investigates the structural behaviour and performance of a hybrid timber–concrete floor system. These hybrid systems have been proven to contribute to the reduction of the carbon footprint during the construction of a building. In the current paper, a series of numerical analysis have been conducted. A reference numerical model has been created based on a test specimen from the international literature, and the test results have been used for the calibration and validation of the numerical model. The hybrid floor system consists of a set of glulam beams that are connected to a concrete slab. The flexural strength and the deflection of the system under a four-point bending test configuration have been determined. Moreover, several parameters of the system such as the thickness of the concrete slab, the strength class of the glulam beams, and changing the load placement are further investigated to provide a better insight into the response of the system under examination. The numerical results have been assessed and depict that hybrid timber–concrete systems are a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional steel-concrete floor systems.
Machine Learning-Aided Prediction of Seismic Response of RC Bridge Piers Exposed to Chloride-Induced Corrosion
Authors: Poorahad Anzabi Pooria , Shiravand Mahmoud R. , Mahboubi Shima 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDifferent environmental issues such as carbonation and corrosion due to chloride threaten aging reinforced concrete (RC) bridges that are in service in areas highly prone to corrosion and earthquakes. Significant experimental and numerical efforts have been put into scrutinizing the effect of corrosion on nonlinear behavior of structural elements. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, useful methods are now provided to allow for the assessment of such bridges without the drawbacks and limitations of the experimental and numerical methods. In this paper, four machine learning (ML) algorithms are employed; linear regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and XGBoost for data fitting of the models, and Bayesian search is used for optimization of hyperparameters. Numerical models of RC piers with stochastic parameters defining geometry, loading, and materials are built, and the degradation due to corrosion is applied with a randomly determined level of corrosion. Then, the corroded models are nonlinearly analyzed with random ground motions scaled to design-based and maximum credible earthquake spectra, and maximum drift ratios are stored. Using the created database, different ML models are compared to find the most accurate one. R-squared, mean absolute error, mean squared error, and root mean squared error metrics are considered as the criteria for the selection of the most accurate model. LR model with R2 = 0.53, MAE = 0.0026, mean squared error (MSE) = 1.4 × 10−5, and root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.0036 has the lowest accuracy while XGBoost with R2 = 0.8, MAE = 0.0015, MSE = 5 × 10−6, and RMSE = 0.0028 is the most accurate model. DT and RF models with R2 = 0.7 and R2 = 0.73, respectively, are in between.
Analytical and Numerical Approaches in Predicting the Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Nwankwo Chinyere O. , Mahachi Jeffrey 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe structural design of buildings, bridges and all other civil engineering structures heavily relies on understanding the beam element, particularly its flexural behaviour. This chapter explores both analytical and numerical approaches to predict the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams. Force equilibrium and strain compatibility equations were used for the analytical approach, while ANSYS, a finite element software, was used for the numerical approach. Comprehensive insights into the analysis, from concrete and reinforcing steel material models to mesh sensitivity analysis in the numerical approach, are provided. The analytical and numerical methods used were validated with an experimental case study beam. The load–deflection curve of a reinforced concrete beam obtained from experimental, analytical and numerical approaches is presented and found to have good correlation. The chapter further provides insights into the efficiency and limitations of each method in predicting the beam behaviour. The findings of this study will guide researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate methodologies for structural analysis problems.
Towards Net-Zero Construction Projects by Applying BIM-Enabled Circular Economy
Authors: Bjerke Ana Julie Foseid , Amoudi Omar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector produces a large sum of the global carbon emissions. Emerging systems and technology, coupled with a rapid modernisation within the construction industry, have been developed as a response to challenges of maintaining sustainable practices and procedures during the whole project life cycle. The technological advancement of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the focus of this research: to determine its potential to facilitate the adoption of Circular Economy (CE) principles to empower the path towards net-zero carbon within the built environment. The employed research methods include a systematic literature review and a questionnaire survey to collect data from construction professionals on the potentials of using BIM to enhance circularity in the built environment projects. Existing BIM practices for sustainability within the built environment could in this chapter be identified to align with the concept of the CE, which will yield further strategies aiming to maintain the path towards net-zero carbon construction projects in the future. Following the analysis of the data collected, a conceptual framework is developed to demonstrate how BIM features facilitate CE principles and empower sustainability and resource efficiency within construction projects. To achieve the full potential benefits emerging from the BIM utilisation in a CE context, industry professionals and stakeholders should comprehend the acquired BIM knowledge and appliance for sustainable practices. The BIM competencies currently employed by industry professionals could show the current existence of an interconnection between BIM and CE.
Unleashing the Potential of AI in Sustainable Urban Planning and Design
Authors: Rad Arefeh Mortzavi , Karlsen Elsa Haagensen , Nazar Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming urban planning and design, heralding a new era of sustainability and livability in rapidly expanding cities. By analyzing vast datasets, forecasting future trends, and autonomously executing tasks, AI holds the promise of significantly enhancing urban efficiency and environmental stewardship. Despite its potential, the adoption of AI faces hurdles, including concerns over complexity, privacy, and cost. This article explores the comprehensive impact of AI on urban development, emphasizing its capacity to optimize energy consumption, improve waste management, and streamline public transportation. Central to our discussion is AI’s role in the critical process of evaluating and selecting contractors and suppliers, which is pivotal for integrating sustainable solutions into urban infrastructure. By addressing these challenges, we advocate for a strategic embrace of AI technologies, aiming to unlock their full potential in crafting greener, more resilient cities worldwide. This synthesis aims to clarify the significant contributions of AI in urban development, providing a clear vision for its future role without the distraction of in-text citations.
Exploring the Potential Utilization of Silicon Manganese Slag as a Supplementary Cementitious Material for Cement Replacement in Developing Low-Carbon Composite Binders
Authors: Hettiarachchi Dileepa , Samarakoon S. M. Samindi M. K. , Fosså Kjell Tore , Gebremariam Kidane F. , Khalifeh Mahmoud 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe continuous increase in demand for cement in the construction industry critically contributes directly to the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Hence, numerous attempts are being made to reduce CO2 emissions in conjunction with cement production, named as low-carbon cement. This has boosted the enthusiasm for searching for alternatives, specifically supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) that are considered the most environmental and economical friendly method for mitigating CO2 emissions associated with the cement-based construction industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate silicon manganese slag (SiMn slag), a by-product of the metal industry as a sustainable alternative for partial replacements with traditional cement. An experimental investigation was conducted utilizing SiMn slag, primarily focusing on evaluating the compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for both binary and ternary sets of binders, the latter being coupled with ground granulated blast furnace slag. The study has investigated the different replacement levels of cement with SiMn slag up to 90% while maintaining water to binder ratio at 0.35. The microstructure and mineralogical analyses of the prepared hardened binders have been conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify phases, morphological changes, and various reaction products. The results indicate that the investigated binary mixture at 30% and 50% cement replacement levels, as well as the ternary mixture at a 50% cement replacement level, exhibited better compressive strength performances. The study suggests using SiMn slag as a supplementary cementitious material in binary or ternary mixtures, potentially achieving improved compressive strength even with higher levels of cement replacement.