bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes type 2 in the Berlin Aging Study II: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal data on prevalence, incidence and severity over on average seven years of follow‐up
Authors: Spieker Johanne , Vetter Valentin Max , Drewelies Johanna , Spira Dominik , Steinhagen‐Thiessen Elisabeth , Regitz‐Zagrosek Vera , Buchmann Nikolaus , Demuth Ilja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsAim of the current study was to describe the prevalence, incidence, and severity of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) in a cohort of older men and women aged 60 years and above over the course of on average 7 years, since longitudinal data on this topic are scarce for this age group in Germany.MethodsBaseline data of 1671 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE‐II; 68.8 ± 3.7 years) and follow‐up data assessed 7.4 ± 1.5 years later were analysed. The BASE‐II is an exploratory, observational study on cross‐sectional and longitudinal data of an older population. T2D was diagnosed based on self‐report, antidiabetic medication use and laboratory parameters. T2D severity was determined by the diabetes complications severity index (DCSI). Prognostic capacity of laboratory parameters was evaluated.ResultsThe proportion of participants with T2D increased from 12.9% (37.3% women) at baseline to 17.1% (41.1% women) with 74 incident cases and 22.2% not being aware of the disease at follow‐up. The incidence rate is 10.7 new T2D diagnoses per 1000 person‐years. More than half of the 41 newly identified incident T2D cases were diagnosed solely by the 2 h‐plasma glucose test (OGTT) and diagnosis based on OGTT as the only criterion among incident cases was found more frequently in women (p = 0.028). T2D severity expressed by the DCSI significantly increased from baseline to follow‐up (mean DCSI 1.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.8; range 0–5 vs. 0–6). Cardiovascular complications had the highest impact (43.2% at baseline and 67.6% at follow‐up).ConclusionsA comprehensive picture of T2D with respect to prevalence, incidence, and severity in older people of the Berlin Aging Study II is provided.
Lymphocytes regulate expression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry factor ACE2 in the pancreas of T2DM patients
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zheng Chang‐Bo , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Xiaowei , Huang Lingyan , Zeng Xianhai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsCOVID‐19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show both poorer clinical outcomes and have an increased risk of death. SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection requires simultaneous expression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry factors angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) in the same cell. The aim of the study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of a COVID‐19 infection in patients with T2DM.MethodsThe distribution and expression of AEC2 and TMPRSS2 in different pancreatic cell types in clinical samples of T2DM patients and diabetic mouse models were analysed by single‐cell sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and basic experiments.ResultsThe results showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ducts of the human pancreas. These findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 can infect ductal cells in vivo through ACE2 and TMPRSS2. T2DM can promote the co‐expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in exocrine ducts, including in the human pancreas. We hypothesize that ACE2 expression levels are associated with increased numbers of lymphocytes in vivo.ConclusionsIncreased blood glucose levels are associated with increased ACE2 expression and an increased number of lymphocytes. At the same time, lymphocytes can promote ACE2 expression.
Young adults' retrospective reports of family cohesion, parental differential treatment, and sibling relationships
Authors: Zhou Weimiao , Woszidlo Alesia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveUsing young adults' retrospective reports, the current study examines the moderating effects of parental differential treatment (PDT) on the association between family cohesion and sibling relationship quality during adolescence.BackgroundSibling relationships in adolescence carry great implications for individual development. However, little is known about the potential interactions between family cohesion and PDT on sibling affection and hostility.MethodRetrospective data were collected from 325 young adults (M = 19.50 years, SD = 1.25) who recalled family of origin experiences with parents and a target sibling closest to their age.ResultsFamily cohesion was positively associated with sibling affection and negatively associated with sibling hostility. Additionally, fathers' differential control attenuated the relationship between cohesion and sibling affection and both mothers' and fathers' differential affection attenuated the relationship between cohesion and sibling hostility.ConclusionFindings on the main effects suggest that perceived family cohesion is a crucial factor that promotes better sibling relationships (i.e., higher affection and lower hostility). However, offspring's perceptions of PDT can affect the relationship between family cohesion and sibling relationship quality, such that extreme levels of parents' (especially fathers') differential affection and control weaken the association. The significant moderation emerged with differences in parental sex (i.e., mother and father) and PDT dimensions (i.e., affection and control).ImplicationsTo help siblings engage in more affectionate and fewer hostile interactions, parents (especially fathers) should consciously work to provide equal treatment toward their offspring and work on providing more contextual information when they have to show differentiation.
Elemental behaviors of γ‐irradiated borosilicate glass as a vitrification model
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Xia Xiaoyu , Zeng Fanrong , Xi Xiaochong , Zhang Xiaoyang , Pan Yuhe , Sun Yuxi , Jia Wenbao , Peng Haibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBorosilicate glass has been extensively studied due to its unique properties of solidifying high‐level radioactive waste (HLW). However, the responses of borosilicate glass under γ irradiation are not fully understood. In this work, NBS9 and NBS10 glass were irradiated by γ‐rays at absorbed doses of 8 kGy and 800 kGy, respectively. Scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) were used to observe the surface morphology and elemental distributions. The results show that the borosilicate glass remains stable until the absorbed dose was up to 800 kGy. At 800 kGy, the samples precipitate particles composed of Na and O on the surface. Na and B near the surface are significantly reduced under γ‐rays irradiation. The results indicate that the effects of γ irradiation on glass vitrification are obvious with certain accumulated doses. The changes of glass structures and elemental distributions by γ‐ray irradiation are also dependent on glass compositions.
Tissue‐resident memory T cells and lung immunopathology
Authors: Cheon In Su , Son Young Min , Sun Jie 
Published: April 2023

SummaryRapid reaction to microbes invading mucosal tissues is key to protect the host against disease. Respiratory tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells provide superior immunity against pathogen infection and/or re‐infection, due to their presence at the site of pathogen entry. However, there has been emerging evidence that exuberant TRM‐cell responses contribute to the development of various chronic respiratory conditions including pulmonary sequelae post‐acute viral infections. In this review, we have described the characteristics of respiratory TRM cells and processes underlying their development and maintenance. We have reviewed TRM‐cell protective functions against various respiratory pathogens as well as their pathological activities in chronic lung conditions including post‐viral pulmonary sequelae. Furthermore, we have discussed potential mechanisms regulating the pathological activity of TRM cells and proposed therapeutic strategies to alleviate TRM‐cell‐mediated lung immunopathology. We hope that this review provides insights toward the development of future vaccines or interventions that can harness the superior protective abilities of TRM cells, while minimizing the potential for immunopathology, a particularly important topic in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Evaluation of a theory‐informed implementation of a nursing discharge teaching intervention for older adults
Authors: Pellet Joanie , Weiss Marianne , Mabire Cedric 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the implementation process of a multi‐site trial of a novel discharge teaching intervention.DesignHybrid type 3 trial.MethodsA discharge teaching intervention for older adults was implemented in medical units from August 2020 to August 2021 with 30 nurse participants. The implementation process was guided by behaviour change frameworks. Outcome data comprised determinants of nurses' behaviours related to teaching and the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility of the intervention and frequency of teaching activities received by the participants. This study adheres to StaRI and TIDieR reporting guidelines.ResultsTwelve of 18 determinants of nurses' behaviour domains improved post‐implementation. Being trained reinforced nurses' knowledge and skills in patient teaching. Practicing the intervention increased their awareness on the gaps between evidence‐based teaching principles and their actual practice. The intervention was considered acceptable and moderately appropriate and feasible.ConclusionA theoretically informed implementation process can influence nurses' perceptions and behaviours related to discharge teaching by targeting specific behaviour domains. Practice change to improve discharge teaching will require organizational support from nursing management.No Patient or Public ContributionAlthough the conceptual foundations of the intervention tested in this study were informed by the priorities and experience of patients, this population was not directly involved in the design and conduct of the study.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04253665.
Local education expenditures and educational inequality in China
Authors: Fan Jianyong , Huang Jian , Sessions John G. , Ye Jingjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between education funding and educational inequality across Chinese prefectures. The decentralisation of education in China has created substantial variations in government educational expenditures, both over time and across regions. We propose that these variations relate to the budget preferences of local governors. These are age dependent with younger officials more inclined to invest in large and quantifiable infrastructure projects rather than public service provision. This provides a source of exogenous variation in local fiscal efforts to provide public education and thus permits quasi‐experimental evaluation through instrumental variable identification. Our results suggest that increased education spending is linked with lower educational inequality. Moreover, we find strong evidence of heterogeneity ‐ the magnitude of the effect is diminishing with the degree of local fiscal autonomy.
Climate change‐induced ecosystem disturbance: a review on sclerophyllous and semi‐deciduous forests in Tunisia
Authors: Touhami I. , Rzigui T. , Zribi L. , Ennajah A. , Dhahri S. , Aouinti H. , Elaieb M. T. , Fkiri S. , Ghazghazi H. , Khorchani A. , Candelier K. , Khaldi A. , Khouja M. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccording to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global climate change is now unequivocal. Tunisia, like many other countries, has been affected by climate changes, including rising temperatures, intense heatwaves, and altered precipitation regimes. Tunisia's mean annual temperatures has risen about +1.4 °C in the twentieth century, with the most rapid warming taking place since the 1970s. Drought represents a primary contributing factor to tree decline and dieback. Long‐term drought can result in reduced growth and health of trees, thereby increasing their susceptibility to insect pests and pathogens. Reported increases in tree mortality point toward accelerating global forest vulnerability under hotter temperatures and longer, more intense droughts. In order to assess the effect of these climate changes on the current state of forest ecosystems in Tunisia and their evolution, an investigative study was required. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the effects of climate change on sclerophyllous and semi‐deciduous forest ecosystems in Tunisia. Natural disturbance during recent years, as well as the adaptability and resilience of some forest species to climate change, were surveyed. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a multi‐scalar drought index based on climate data that has been used to analyse drought variability. The SPEI time scale analysis showed a negative trend over the 1955–2021 period in Tunisian forest regions. In 2021, Tunisia lost 280 km2 of tree cover to fires, which is equivalent to 26% of the total lost area between 2008 and 2021. Changing climate conditions have also affected phenological parameters, with an advance in the start of the green season (SOS) of 9.4 days, a delay at the end of the green season (EOS) of 5 days, with a consequent extended duration of the green season (LOS) by an average of 14.2 days. All of these alarming findings invite us to seek adaptation strategies for forest ecosystems. Adapting forests to climate change is therefore a challenge for scientists as well as policymakers and managers.
Public perspectives on curriculum reform for truth and reconciliation in Canada
Authors: Wotherspoon Terry , Milne Emily 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe implementation of school reforms to advance reconciliation with Indigenous peoples provides an opportunity to explore what Canadians think is important in framing their identities and values. This paper draws on data from a survey of public perspectives on education for reconciliation activities in two Canadian provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan. We consider the broader community context within which schools are located. By examining public perspectives, we are able to assess how curricular initiatives related to reconciliation are understood by community members, both as a priority in itself and in relation to other key curricular areas. Informed by critical race theory, our findings suggest that reconciliation is restricted to activities that do not involve extensive change to existing curricular and ideational frameworks. These perspectives exist alongside extensive opposition to reconciliation justified by claims that Indigenous experiences and perspectives are receiving undue attention relative to more pressing educational priorities. Our findings suggest that aims to transform dominant understandings about Canadian history and identity remain far from being fulfilled.
Central and peripheral chemoreflexes in humans with treated hypertension
Authors: Sayegh Ana Luiza C. , Fan Jui‐Lin , Dawes Mathew , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncreased peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity is a pathogenic feature of human hypertension (HTN), while both central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are reportedly augmented in animal models of HTN. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that both central and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in HTN. Fifteen HTN participants (68 ± 5 years; mean ± SD) and 13 normotensives (NT; 65 ± 6 years) performed two modified rebreathing protocols in which the partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide () progressively increased while the partial pressure of end‐tidal oxygen was clamped at either 150 mmHg (isoxic hyperoxia; central chemoreflex activation) or 50 mmHg (isoxic hypoxia; combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation). Ventilation (; pneumotachometer) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were recorded, and ventilatory ( vs. slope) and sympathetic (MSNA vs. slope) chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds (breakpoint) were calculated. Global cerebral blood flow (gCBF; duplex Doppler) was measured, and the association with chemoreflex responses was examined. Central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities were greater in HTN than NT (2.48 ± 1.33 vs. 1.58 ± 0.42 L min−1 mmHg−1, P = 0.030: 3.32 ± 1.90 vs. 1.77 ± 0.62 a.u. mmHg−1, P = 0.034, respectively), while recruitment thresholds were not different between groups. HTN and NT had similar combined central and peripheral ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds. A lower gCBF was associated with an earlier recruitment threshold for (R2 = 0.666, P < 0.0001) and MSNA (R2 = 0.698, P = 0.004) during isoxic hyperoxic rebreathing. These findings indicate that central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in human HTN and perhaps suggest that targeting the central chemoreflex may help some forms of HTN.
imageKey points
In human hypertension (HTN) increased peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity has been identified as a pathogenic feature, and in animal models of HTN, both central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are reportedly augmented.
In this study, the hypothesis was tested that both central and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in human HTN.
We observed that both central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities were augmented in HTN compared to age‐matched normotensive controls, but no difference was found in the combined central and peripheral ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities.
During central chemoreflex activation, the ventilatory and sympathetic recruitment thresholds were lower in those with lower total cerebral blood flow.
These results indicate a potential contributory role of the central chemoreceptors in the pathogenesis of human HTN and support the possibility that therapeutic targeting of the central chemoreflex may help some forms of HTN.
Periendoscopic management of direct oral anticoagulants: a prospective
cohort study
Authors: Radaelli Franco , Fuccio Lorenzo , Paggi Silvia , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro , Rondonotti Emanuele , Semeraro Rossella , Di Leo Milena , Anderloni Andrea , Amato Arnaldo , Trovato Cristina , Bravi Ivana , Buda Andrea , de Bellis Mario , D’Angelo Valentina , Segato Sergio , Tarantino Ottaviano , Musso Alessandro , Fasoli Renato , Frazzoni Leonardo , Liverani Elisa , Fabbri Carlo , Di Giulio Emilio , Esposito Gianluca , Pigò Flavia , Iannone Andrea , Dentali Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To assess the frequency of adverse events associated with
periendoscopic management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in
patients undergoing elective GI endoscopy and the efficacy and safety of
the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations (NCT
02734316).

Design
Consecutive patients on DOACs scheduled for elective GI endoscopy
were prospectively included. The timing of DOAC interruption and
resumption before and after the procedures were recorded, along with
clinical and procedural data. Procedures were stratified into low-risk
and high-risk for GI-related bleeding, and patients into low-risk and
high-risk for thromboembolic events. Patients were followed-up for 30
days for major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding events
(CRNMB), arterial and venous thromboembolism and death.

Results
Of 529 patients, 38% and 62% underwent high-risk and low-risk
procedures, respectively. There were 45 (8.5%; 95% CI 6.3% to 11.2%)
major or CRNMB events and 2 (0.4%; 95% CI 0% to 1.4%) thromboembolic
events (transient ischaemic attacks). Overall, the incidence of bleeding
events was 1.8% (95% CI 0.7% to 4%) and 19.3% (95% CI 14.1% to 25.4%) in
low-risk and high-risk procedures, respectively. For high-risk
procedures, the incidence of intraprocedural bleeding was similar in
patients who interrupted anticoagulation according to BSG/ESGE
guidelines or earlier (10.3%vs10.8%, p=0.99), with a trend for a lower
risk as compared with those who stopped anticoagulation later
(10.3%vs25%, p=0.07). The incidence of delayed bleeding appeared similar
in patients who resumed anticoagulation according to BSG/ESGE guidelines
or later (6.6%vs7.7%, p=0.76), but it tended to increase when DOAC was
resumed earlier (14.4%vs6.6%, p=0.27). The risk of delayed major
bleeding was significantly higher in patients receiving heparin bridging
than in non-bridged ones (26.6%vs5.9%, p=0.017).

Conclusion
High-risk procedures in patients on DOACs are associated with a
substantial risk of bleeding, further increased by heparin bridging.
Adoption of the BSG/ESGE guidelines in periendoscopic management of
DOACs seems to result in a favourable benefit/risk ratio.

Trial registration number
NCT
02734316; Pre-results.
Robust analyses for radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Landewé Robert , Sun Luna , Chen Yun-Fei , Daojun Mo , van der Heijde Desirée 
Published: April 2023

Demonstrating inhibition of the structural damage to joints as a statistically significant difference in radiographic progression as measured by the van der Heijde modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS) is a common objective in trials for rheumatoid arthritis treatments. The frequently used analysis of the covariance model with missing data imputed using linear extrapolation (analyses of covariance, ANCOVA+LE) may not be ideal for long-term extension studies or for paediatric studies. The random coefficient (RC) model may represent a better alternative.A two-arm (active treatment and placebo) setting with a week 44 study period was considered. RC model, ANCOVA+LE and ANCOVA with last observation carried forward imputation were compared under different scenarios in bias, root mean square error (RMSE), power and type I error rate.The RC model outperformed ANCOVA+LE in metrics measuring bias, RMSE, power and type I error rate under the evaluated scenarios. ANCOVA and RC provide similar performance when there are no missing data. With missing data, RC+observed (OBS) provides similar or better results than ANCOVA+LE in power and bias.Our simulations support that RC is both a more sensitive and a more precise alternative to the commonly used ANCOVA+LE as a primary method for analysing mTSS in long-term extension and paediatric studies with a higher likelihood of missing data. The RC model can provide a reference at time points with missing data by estimating a slope; mTSS change by one unit change in time. ANCOVA+LE is recommended as a sensitivity analysis.