bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors influencing the growth and pathogenicity of microgreens bound for the market: a review
Authors: Abaajeh Asomiba Rita , Kingston Caroline Elliott , Harty Mary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The world is experiencing a global push toward smart agriculture to help feed the burgeoning population by increasing food security while reducing the carbon footprint of food production. The guidelines for healthy eating have increased globally from five to seven servings of vegetables a day and this had led to the quest for a sustainable form of vegetable production that will reduce the carbon footprint and still provide consumers with the required nutrients. Microgreens contain more nutrients than some mature vegetables and can be cultivated on vertical farms, offering a different approach with the potential to resolve environmental and health challenges. Microgreens are young plantlets grown from the seeds of edible leafy vegetables and are usually eaten raw. They contain high levels of bioactive compounds and can be processed into oils to create valuable cosmetic products. Microgreens have become well-known to chefs and are gaining popularity in upmarket grocery outlets. Consequently, growing microgreens are presenting huge market opportunities worldwide. Their nutritional benefits, easy production methods and short production cycle are some of the reasons they are attractive to growers. The most important factors affecting the growth of microgreens are micro and macro-climates. One challenge to producing microgreens is that the growing environment is ideal for microbial organisms to thrive. As such, microgreens are prone to foodborne pathogens such as E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella. Consequently, the microgreens industry is facing various setbacks including product recalls from Salmonella and Listeria food poisoning outbreaks. In addition, the short shelf-life of microgreens is a serious challenge for getting microgreens to market, this is driving studies in several post-harvest treatments. This review examines the nutrient content and health benefits of microgreens and factors affecting microgreens' growth: temperature, humidity, photoperiod, fertilization, etc. and post-harvest treatments, all of which can potentially impact microbial growth, the phytochemical content and the physical appearance of microgreens bound for the market.
Penetrative Superplumes in the Mantle of Large Super‐Earth Planets: A Possible Mechanism for Active Tectonics in the Massive Super‐Earths
Authors: Shahnas M. H. , Pysklywec R. N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent theoretical studies suggest that the physical and rheological mantle properties in massive rocky planets fall outside conventional behaviors inferred for mantle properties at the Earth's mantle pressures. The vacancy diffusion occurring at low pressures is assumed to be followed by interstitial diffusion above ∼0.1 TPa resulting in viscosity reduction at higher pressures. In addition, the dissociation transition of MgSiO3 post‐perovskite (pPv) into new phases of minerals at 0.9 and 2.1 TPa, both with large negative Clapeyron slopes, has further impact(s) on the style of circulation in the mantle of super‐Earth planets. Further, the electronic contribution of conductivity increases exponentially with temperature at temperatures ∼5000 K and higher. We employ 3D‐controlled volume spherical convection models to explore the style of mantle circulation in large rocky super‐Earth planets with different core temperatures. Our numerical models resembling a GJ 876 d size super‐Earth reveal that due to the buffering influence of the pPv‐dissociation transition at ∼0.9 TPa, for deep mantle viscosities lower than ∼1022 Pa.s a small‐scale convective layer may develop at the top of the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). Penetrative superplumes originating from deep mantle‐layered regions can maintain the heat flux from the CMB required for the planet's geodynamo, and can survive for billions of years reaching shallow depths of the mantle without significant lateral migration. The strength of the focused penetrative superplumes that can potentially sustain surface volcanism and plate tectonics is enhanced with increasing CMB temperature, but diminished by higher rates of internal heating.
Turbulent Drag at the Ice‐Ocean Interface of Europa in Simulations of Rotating Convection: Implications for Nonsynchronous Rotation of the Ice Shell
Authors: Hay H. C. F. C. , Fenty I. , Pappalardo R. T. , Nakayama Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEuropa's geologically scarred surface shows significant evidence that the ice shell may have rotated nonsynchronously in the past. The long‐term spin state of the ice shell is controlled by the time‐mean torques acting upon it. A torque that has not been previously considered is exerted due to drag from oceanic currents beneath the ice. We estimate this torque for the first time by performing global, nonhydrostatic, three‐dimensional simulations of Europa's ocean, including nonlinear turbulent boundary layer drag at the seafloor and ice‐ocean interface. Our simulations show that ocean dynamics, which manifest in alternating east‐west jets, result in a net torque on the ice shell. The torque can act to either spin up or spin down the ice shell depending on the strength of convection, suggesting that a torque reversal can occur as Europa's interior thermally evolves. Scaling analysis indicates that an average jet speed of at least ∼1 cm s−1 is required for the ice‐ocean torque to be comparable to the tidal torque acting to spin up the ice shell. Our results suggest that ocean currents may contribute to any nonsynchronous rotation of the ice shell. Consequently, Europa's present‐day spin state may hold information about the dynamics of its subsurface ocean.
Light People: Prof. Sir John Pendry, father of metamaterials, spoke about the future of meta
Authors: Guo Chenzi , Luo Yu 
Published: February 2023

EditorialWhen consulting with the Marconi company in 1995, Prof. Sir John Pendry uncovered exotic structures that gave negative permittivity and negative permeability, respectively. In 1999, Prof. Pendry introduced split ring resonators (SRRs), and later in 2000, Prof. David Smith and Prof. Sheldon Schultz experimentally showed that periodic array of SRRs and continuous wires previously proposed by Prof. Pendry could exhibit simultaneously negative values of effective permeability and permittivity at the same frequency. Shortly after, Prof. Pendry revealed that a slab of material with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability could challenge the Abbé diffraction limit on traditional lenses and focus all Fourier components of a point object onto a perfect image, leading to a “perfect lens”. The vision of a perfect lens attracted extensive research interest and opened a new field which was later widely known as metamaterials. Now two decades on, the explosion of metamaterials has revolutionized numerous researches in physics, materials science, chemistry, and engineering. To shed light on the research direction of metamaterials, Light: Science & Applications invited Sir John Pendry, father and living legend of metamaterials, to speak about the future of metamaterials. The original interview can be accessed in Supplementary video.
Acute psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility in rats
Authors: Torrado Pacheco Alejandro , Olson Randall J. , Garza Gabriela , Moghaddam Bita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPsilocybin has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety when combined with psychotherapy or other clinician-guided interventions. To understand the neural basis for this pattern of clinical efficacy, experimental and conceptual approaches that are different than traditional laboratory models of anxiety and depression are needed. A potential novel mechanism is that acute psilocybin improves cognitive flexibility, which then enhances the impact of clinician-assisted interventions. Consistent with this idea, we find that acute psilocybin robustly improves cognitive flexibility in male and female rats using a task where animals switched between previously learned strategies in response to uncued changes in the environment. Psilocybin did not influence Pavlovian reversal learning, suggesting that its cognitive effects are selective to enhanced switching between previously learned behavioral strategies. The serotonin (5HT) 2 A receptor antagonist ketanserin blocked psilocybin’s effect on set-shifting, while a 5HT2C-selective antagonist did not. Ketanserin alone also improved set-shifting performance, suggesting a complex relationship between psilocybin’s pharmacology and its impact on flexibility. Further, the psychedelic drug 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) impaired cognitive flexibility in the same task, suggesting that this effect of psilocybin does not generalize to all other serotonergic psychedelics. We conclude that the acute impact of psilocybin on cognitive flexibility provides a useful behavioral model to investigate its neuronal effects relevant to its positive clinical outcome.
Differential regulation of H3K9/H3K14 acetylation by small molecules drives neuron-fate-induction of glioma cell
Authors: Liu Xincheng , Guo Cui , Leng Tiandong , Fan Zhen , Mai Jialuo , Chen Jiehong , Xu Jinhai , Li Qianyi , Jiang Bin , Sai Ke , Yang Wenzhuo , Gu Jiayu , Wang Jingyi , Sun Shuxin , Chen Zhijie , Zhong Yingqian , Liang Xuanming , Chen Chaoxin , Cai Jing , Lin Yuan , Liang Jiankai , Hu Jun , Yan Guangmei , Zhu Wenbo , Yin Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferentiation therapy using small molecules is a promising strategy for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Histone acetylation plays an important role in cell fate determination. Nevertheless, whether histone acetylation in specific sites determines GBM cells fate remains to be explored. Through screening from a 349 small molecule-library, we identified that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MS-275 synergized with 8-CPT-cAMP was able to transdifferentiate U87MG GBM cells into neuron-like cells, which were characterized by cell cycle arrest, rich neuron biomarkers, and typical neuron electrophysiology. Intriguingly, acetylation tags of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) were decreased in the promoter of multiple oncogenes and cell cycle genes, while ones of H3K9ac and histone 3 at lysine 14 (H3K14ac) were increased in the promoter of neuron-specific genes. We then compiled a list of genes controlled by H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and proved that it is a good predictive power for pathologic grading and survival prediction. Moreover, cAMP agonist combined with HDACi also induced glioma stem cells (GSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells through the regulation of H3K9ac/K14ac, indicating that combined induction has the potential for recurrence-preventive application. Furthermore, the combination of cAMP activator plus HDACi significantly repressed the tumor growth in a subcutaneous GSC-derived tumor model, and temozolomide cooperated with the differentiation-inducing combination to prolong the survival in an orthotopic GSC-derived tumor model. These findings highlight epigenetic reprogramming through H3K9ac and H3K14ac as a novel approach for driving neuron-fate-induction of GBM cells.
A novel Hoxd13 mutation causes synpolydactyly and promotes osteoclast differentiation by regulating pSmad5/p65/c-Fos/Rank axis
Authors: Zhang Lishan , Fang Ziqi , Cheng Guangdong , He Mengting , Lin Yanliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mutations of HOXD13 gene have been involved in synpolydactyly (SPD), and the polyalanine extension mutation of Hoxd13 gene could lead to SPD in mice. In this study, a novel missense mutation of Hoxd13 (NM_000523: exon2: c.G917T: p.R306L) was identified in a Chinese family with SPD. The mice carrying the corresponding Hoxd13mutation were generated. The results showed that the homozygous mutation of Hoxd13 also caused SPD, but heterozygous mutation did not affect limbs development, which was different from that of SPD patients. With the increasing generation, the mice with homozygous Hoxd13 mutation presented more severe syndactyly. Western blotting showed that this mutation did not affect the protein expression of Hoxd13, suggesting that this mutation did not result in haploinsufficiency. Further analysis demonstrated that this homozygous Hoxd13mutation promoted osteoclast differentiation and bone loss, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of osteoclast-related genes Rank, c-Fos, and p65. Meanwhile, this homozygous Hoxd13 mutation elevated the level of phosphorylated Smad5 (pSmad5). Co-immunoprecipitation verified that this mutation attenuated the interaction between pSmad5 and HOXD13, suggesting that this mutation released more pSmad5. Inhibition of pSmad5 reduced the expression of Rank, c-Fos, and p65 despite in the mutation group. In addition, inhibition of pSmad5 repressed the osteoclast differentiation. ChIP assay confirmed that p65 and c-Fos could bind to the promoter of Rank. These results suggested that this novel Hoxd13 mutation promoted osteoclast differentiation by regulating Smad5/p65/c-Fos/Rank axis, which might provide a new insight into SPD development.
SREBP modulates the NADP+/NADPH cycle to control night sleep in Drosophila
Authors: Mariano Vittoria , Kanellopoulos Alexandros K. , Aiello Giuseppe , Lo Adrian C. , Legius Eric , Achsel Tilmann , Bagni Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSleep behavior is conserved throughout evolution, and sleep disturbances are a frequent comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular basis underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurological diseases remains elusive. Using a model for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), theDrosophila Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting proteinhaploinsufficiency (Cyfip85.1/+), we identify a mechanism modulating sleep homeostasis. We show that increased activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) inCyfip85.1/+flies induces an increase in the transcription of wakefulness-associated genes, such as the malic enzyme (Men), causing a disturbance in the daily NADP+/NADPH ratio oscillations and reducing sleep pressure at the night-time onset. Reduction in SREBP or Men activity inCyfip85.1/+flies enhances the NADP+/NADPH ratio and rescues the sleep deficits, indicating that SREBP and Men are causative for the sleep deficits inCyfipheterozygous flies. This work suggests modulation of the SREBP metabolic axis as a new avenue worth exploring for its therapeutic potential in sleep disorders.
A nitric-oxide driven chemotactic nanomotor for enhanced immunotherapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Chen Huan , Li Ting , Liu Zhiyong , Tang Shuwan , Tong Jintao , Tao Yingfang , Zhao Zinan , Li Nan , Mao Chun , Shen Jian , Wan Mimi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe major challenges of immunotherapy for glioblastoma are that drugs cannot target tumor sites accurately and properly activate complex immune responses. Herein, we design and prepare a kind of chemotactic nanomotor loaded with brain endothelial cell targeting agent angiopep-2 and anti-tumor drug (Lonidamine modified with mitochondrial targeting agent triphenylphosphine, TLND). Reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide synthase (ROS/iNOS), which are specifically highly expressed in glioblastoma microenvironment, are used as chemoattractants to induce the chemotactic behavior of the nanomotors. We propose a precise targeting strategy of brain endothelial cells-tumor cells-mitochondria. Results verified that the released NO and TLND can regulate the immune circulation through multiple steps to enhance the effect of immunotherapy, including triggering the immunogenic cell death of tumor, inducing dendritic cells to mature, promoting cytotoxic T cells infiltration, and regulating tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this treatment strategy can form an effective immune memory effect to prevent tumor metastasis and recurrence.
On-demand male contraception via acute inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase
Authors: Balbach Melanie , Rossetti Thomas , Ferreira Jacob , Ghanem Lubna , Ritagliati Carla , Myers Robert W. , Huggins David J. , Steegborn Clemens , Miranda Ileana C. , Meinke Peter T. , Buck Jochen , Levin Lonny R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNearly half of all pregnancies are unintended; thus, existing family planning options are inadequate. For men, the only choices are condoms and vasectomy, and most current efforts to develop new contraceptives for men impact sperm development, meaning that contraception requires months of continuous pretreatment. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for an innovative strategy for on-demand contraception, where a man would take a birth control pill shortly before sex, only as needed. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is essential for sperm motility and maturation. We show a single dose of a safe, acutely-acting sAC inhibitor with long residence time renders male mice temporarily infertile. Mice exhibit normal mating behavior, and full fertility returns the next day. These studies define sAC inhibitors as leads for on-demand contraceptives for men, and they provide in vivo proof-of-concept for previously untested paradigms in contraception; on-demand contraception after just a single dose and pharmacological contraception for men.
Dynamic interplay between non-coding enhancer transcription and gene activity in development
Authors: Hamamoto Kota , Umemura Yusuke , Makino Shiho , Fukaya Takashi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon-coding transcription at the intergenic regulatory regions is a prevalent feature of metazoan genomes, but its biological function remains uncertain. Here, we devise a live-imaging system that permits simultaneous visualization of gene activity along with intergenic non-coding transcription at single-cell resolution in Drosophila. Quantitative image analysis reveals that elongation of RNA polymerase II across the internal core region of enhancers leads to suppression of transcriptional bursting from linked genes. Super-resolution imaging and genome-editing analysis further demonstrate that enhancer transcription antagonizes molecular crowding of transcription factors, thereby interrupting the formation of a transcription hub at the gene locus. We also show that a certain class of developmental enhancers are structurally optimized to co-activate gene transcription together with non-coding transcription effectively. We suggest that enhancer function is flexibly tunable through the modulation of hub formation via surrounding non-coding transcription during development.
Reconstruction of the tumor spatial microenvironment along the malignant-boundary-nonmalignant axis
Authors: Xun Zhenzhen , Ding Xinyu , Zhang Yao , Zhang Benyan , Lai Shujing , Zou Duowu , Zheng Junke , Chen Guoqiang , Su Bing , Han Leng , Ye Youqiong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) enlarge to unveil spatial landscape of tissues, it remains challenging to delineate pathology-relevant and cellular localizations, and interactions exclusive to a spatial niche (e.g., tumor boundary). Here, we develop Cottrazm, integrating ST with hematoxylin and eosin histological image, and single-cell transcriptomics to delineate the tumor boundary connecting malignant and non-malignant cell spots in tumor tissues, deconvolute cell-type composition at spatial location, and reconstruct cell type-specific gene expression profiles at sub-spot level. We validate the performance of Cottrazm along the malignant-boundary-nonmalignant spatial axis. We identify specific macrophage and fibroblast subtypes localized around tumor boundary that interacted with tumor cells to generate a structural boundary, which limits T cell infiltration and promotes immune exclusion in tumor microenvironment. In this work, Cottrazm provides an integrated tool framework to dissect the tumor spatial microenvironment and facilitates the discovery of functional biological insights, thereby identifying therapeutic targets in oncologic ST datasets.
Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation
Authors: Sørensen Daniel Madriz , Büll Christian , Madsen Thomas D. , Lira-Navarrete Erandi , Clausen Thomas Mandel , Clark Alex E. , Garretson Aaron F. , Karlsson Richard , Pijnenborg Johan F. A. , Yin Xin , Miller Rebecca L. , Chanda Sumit K. , Boltje Thomas J. , Schjoldager Katrine T. , Vakhrushev Sergey Y. , Halim Adnan , Esko Jeffrey D. , Carlin Aaron F. , Hurtado-Guerrero Ramon , Weigert Roberto , Clausen Henrik , Narimatsu Yoshiki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmall molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays with difficulties moving candidates to cells and animals. Here, we circumvent this by employing a cell-based screening assay using glycoengineered cells expressing tailored reporter glycoproteins. We focused on GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and selected the GalNAc-T11 isoenzyme that selectively glycosylates endocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related proteins as targets. Our screen of a limited small molecule compound library did not identify selective inhibitors of GalNAc-T11, however, we identify two compounds that broadly inhibited Golgi-localized glycosylation processes. These compounds mediate the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi system without affecting secretion. We demonstrate how these inhibitors can be used to manipulate glycosylation in cells to induce expression of truncated O-glycans and augment binding of cancer-specific Tn-glycoprotein antibodies and to inhibit expression of heparan sulfate and binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
Quantum Rabi dynamics of trapped atoms far in the deep strong coupling regime
Authors: Koch Johannes , Hunanyan Geram R. , Ockenfels Till , Rico Enrique , Solano Enrique , Weitz Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe coupling of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field, whose fully quantized version is the quantum Rabi model, is among the central topics of quantum physics. When the coupling strength becomes large enough that the field mode frequency is reached, the deep strong coupling regime is approached, and excitations can be created from the vacuum. Here we demonstrate a periodic variant of the quantum Rabi model in which the two-level system is encoded in the Bloch band structure of cold rubidium atoms in optical potentials. With this method we achieve a Rabi coupling strength of 6.5 times the field mode frequency, which is far in the deep strong coupling regime, and observe a subcycle timescale raise in bosonic field mode excitations. In a measurement recorded in the basis of the coupling term of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian, a freezing of dynamics is revealed for small frequency splittings of the two-level system, as expected when the coupling term dominates over all other energy scales, and a revival for larger splittings. Our work demonstrates a route to realize quantum-engineering applications in yet unexplored parameter regimes.