bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the outcomes of Clostridioides difficile occurring in intestinal transplant recipients requiring hospitalization
Authors: Amjad Waseem , Schiano Thomas , Segovia Maria C. , Malik Adnan , Weiner Joshua , Horslen Simon , Jafri Syed‐Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrgan transplantation is a known risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). There is limited published data on the impact of CDI in the intestinal transplant population.MethodsWe utilized the National Readmission Database (2010–2017) to study the outcomes of CDI in patients having a history of intestinal transplantation. Association of CDI with readmission and hospital resource utilization was computed in multivariable models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.ResultsDuring 2010–2017, 8442 hospitalizations with the history of intestinal transplantation had indexed hospital admissions. Of these, 320 (3.8%) had CDI. CDI hospitalization in intestine transplant patients was associated with higher median cost $54 430 (IQR: 27 231, 109 980) as compared to patients who did not have CDI $48 888 (IQR: 22 578, 112 777), (β: 71 814 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 676–142 953, p = .048). The median length of stay was also longer for patients with CDI 7 (IQR: 4, 13) days as compared to 5 (IQR: 3, 11) days in non‐CDI (β: 5.51 95% CI: 0.73–10.29, p = .02). The mortality rate, intestinal transplant complications, presence of malnutrition, acute kidney injury, ICU admissions, and sepsis were similar in both groups. CDI was the top cause of 30‐day readmission in the intestinal transplant recipients with CDI during the index admission; the number of 30‐day readmissions also increased from 2010 to 2017.ConclusionCDI hospitalization in post–intestine transplant patients occurs commonly and is associated with a longer length of stay and higher costs during hospitalization. The CDI was the most common cause of readmission after the index admission of CDI in these patients.
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Application of an Automatic Mesh Convergence Procedure for the Large Eddy Simulation of a Multipoint Injection System
Authors: Puggelli S. , Leparoux J. , Brunet C. , Mercier R. , Liberatori L. , Zurbach S. , Cabot G. , Grisch F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLean combustion is an attractive alternative to limit pollutants levels in order to meet the imposed limitations for the next generation of civil aero-engines. However, its implementation involves important technological questions related to the augmentation of the air dedicated to the combustion process. An effort on the injection system design is required and large eddy simulation (LES) can be a useful tool in order to explore the design of novel concepts. At the state of the art, the validation of LES in high-pressure reactive conditions and in presence of the liquid phase is still limited. This shrinks the understanding and optimization of lean devices. The industrial project PERCEVAL, between Safran Tech and the CORIA laboratory, aims at extending the actual knowhow on lean combustion. Novel optical experimental techniques have been developed at CORIA to gain detailed information on industrial injection systems at high-pressure conditions. Within PERCEVAL, Safran Tech is in charge of the assessment of LES by using the experimental dataset collected at CORIA. In this framework, a novel automatic mesh convergence (AMC) procedure, based on adaptive mesh refinement, has been developed in the YALES2 platform to speed-up the calculation process. In the present paper, the AMC framework is described and then applied on the lean injection system designed at Safran Tech and tested during PERCEVAL. An analysis is carried out to evaluate the interest and gains offered by the AMC framework.
Investigation of Electromechanical Reliability and Radio Frequency Performance of a Highly Stretchable Liquid Metal Conductor for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Garakani Behnam , Somarathna Udara S. , Umar Ashraf , Khinda Gurvinder Singh , Abdelatty Mohamed Youssef M. , Abbara El Mehdi , Al Zerey Sari , Hopkins Mike , Srinivas Sai , Kinzel Chuck , Halseth Christopher , Ronay Mark , Poliks Mark D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Liquid metal-based gallium conductors exhibit unique physical and electromechanical properties, which make them excellent candidates for the next generation of wearable electronics. In this study, a novel fluid phase-based gallium conductor was stencil printed on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to fabricate a stretchable conductor as well as a stretchable radio frequency (RF) transmission line. The electromechanical reliability of the conductor during high elongation as well as cyclic tension and bend fatigue was evaluated and compared with commercially available stretchable silver-filled polymer paste. The microstructure of the liquid metal conductor and the silver paste was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the samples were subjected to high elongation (&gt;100%). Unlike the silver paste, the liquid metal conductor maintained its microstructural integrity while its resistance showed a linear response to changes in length. A cyclic tension fatigue test confirmed the fatigue-free performance of the liquid metal conductor during 8000 stretching cycles at a strain amplitude of 30%. The electromagnetic structure of the RF transmission line was simulated and then compared to the measured data. The measurements for insertion loss showed that U-bending, 90 deg twisting, and 1000 stretching cycles at a strain amplitude of 100% did not have a significant impact on the RF performance. Details of the DC tests and RF measurements, including the microstructural analysis and simulation results, will be discussed in this article.
No Effect of Acute Balenine Supplementation on Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Performance in Recreational Cyclists
Authors: de Jager Sarah , Van Damme Stefaan , De Baere Siegrid , Croubels Siska , Jäger Ralf , Purpura Martin , Lievens Eline , Bourgois Jan G. , Derave Wim 
Published: January 2023

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and its methylated analogues anserine and balenine are highly concentrated endogenous dipeptides in mammalian skeletal muscle that are implicated in exercise performance. Balenine has a much better bioavailability and stability in human circulation upon acute ingestion, compared to carnosine and anserine. Therefore, ergogenic effects observed with acute carnosine and anserine supplementation may be even more pronounced with balenine. This study investigated whether acute balenine supplementation improves physical performance in four maximal and submaximal exercise modalities. A total of 20 healthy, active volunteers (14 males; six females) performed cycling sprints, maximal isometric contractions, a 4-km TT and 20-km TT following either preexercise placebo or 10 mg/kg of balenine ingestion. Physical, as well as mental performance, along with acid–base balance and glucose concentration were assessed. Balenine was unable to augment peak power (p = .3553), peak torque (p = .3169), time to complete the 4 km (p = .8566), nor 20 km time trial (p = .2660). None of the performances were correlated with plasma balenine or CN1 enzyme activity. In addition, no effect on pH, bicarbonate, and lactate was observed. Also, the supplement did not affect mental performance. In contrast, glucose remained higher during and after the 20 km time trial following balenine ingestion. In conclusion, these results overall indicate that the functionality of balenine does not fully resemble that of carnosine and anserine, since it was unable to elicit performance improvements with similar and even higher plasma concentrations.
The effect of dapagliflozin on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in diabetic rats
Authors: Xiong Shilong , Mo Donghua , Wu Yingjun , Wu Peng , Hu YuanMing , Gong Fang 
Published: January 2023

The incidence of ischemic heart disease is 2–3 times higher in diabetic patients. However, the effect of dapagliflozin on ischemia–reperfusion myocardial injury in diabetic rats has not been studied. We examined the effects of dapagliflozin on myocardial IR injury in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups ( n = 7 in each group): control, control-dapagliflozin, diabetes, and diabetes-dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin (1.5 mg/kg/day) was administered concomitantly in drinking water for 2 months. The hearts were perfused in a Langendorff's apparatus at 2 months and assessed before (baseline) and after myocardial IR for the following parameters: left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), minimum and maximum rates of pressure change in the left ventricle (±d P/d t), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expressions, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and troponin imyocardial enzyme extravasation, and lactate dehydrogenase. The recovery of LVDP and ±d P/d t in diabetic rats was lower than that in controls but near normal after dapagliflozin treatment. Diabetic rats had decreased eNOS expression and increased iNOS expression at baseline and after IR, whereas dapagliflozin normalized these parameters after IR. Compared with controls, cardiac NOx levels were initially lower in diabetic patients but higher after IR. Baseline MDA levels were higher in diabetic rats after IR, whereas cardiac NOx levels decreased after treatment with dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin protects the diabetic rat heart from ischemia–reperfusion myocardial injury by regulating the expression of eNOS and iNOS and inhibiting cardiac lipid peroxidation.
Phagocytosis of Glioma Cells Enhances the Immunosuppressive Phenotype of Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Lingxiang , Wu Wei , Zhu Mengyan , Li Jianyu , Wang Ziyu , Li Jie , Ding Rong , Liang Yuan , Li Liangyu , Zhang Tingting , Huang Bin , Cai Yun , Li Kening , Li Lu , Zhang Rui , Hu Baoli , Lin Fan , Wang Xiuxing , Zheng Siyuan , Chen Jian , You Yongping , Jiang Tao , Zhang Junxia , Chen Hongshan , Wang Qianghu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a crucial role in immunosuppression. However, how TAMs are transformed into immunosuppressive phenotypes and influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing data of glioblastoma (GBM) tissues and identified a subset of TAMs dually expressing macrophage and tumor signatures, which were termed double-positive TAMs. Double-positive TAMs tended to be bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) and were characterized by immunosuppressive phenotypes. Phagocytosis of glioma cells by BMDMs in vitro generated double-positive TAMs with similar immunosuppressive phenotypes to double-positive TAMs in the GBM TME of patients. The double-positive TAMs were transformed into M2-like macrophages and drove immunosuppression by expressing immune-checkpoint proteins CD276, PD-L1, and PD-L2 and suppressing the proliferation of activated T cells. Together, glioma cell phagocytosis by BMDMs in the TME leads to the formation of double-positive TAMs with enhanced immunosuppressive phenotypes, shedding light on the processes driving TAM-mediated immunosuppression in GBM.Significance:Bone marrow–derived macrophages phagocytose glioblastoma cells to form double-positive cells, dually expressing macrophage and tumor signatures that are transformed into M2-like macrophages and drive immunosuppression.
Facts and Hopes in Immunotherapy for Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nederlof Iris , Voorwerk Leonie , Kok Marleen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A substantial fraction of early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC) is characterized by high levels of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) and has a good prognosis even without systemic treatment, highlighting the importance of an endogenous anticancer immune response. Still, a considerable proportion of patients with eTNBC need some “therapeutical push” to kick-start this immune response. Exploiting this immune response with immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI), in combination with chemotherapy, has made its way into standard of care in eTNBC. Major challenges in the near future include finding those patients with eTNBC who can be treated with ICI alone or with a reduced chemotherapy backbone. Exploring the optimal duration of ICI and finding biomarkers to predict response will be key to enable personalized implementation of ICI in patients with eTNBC. For patients who currently do not respond effectively to ICI plus chemotherapy, challenges lie in finding new immunomodulatory therapies and developing response-guided neoadjuvant approaches.
Bolus versus Continuous Intravenous Delivery of Doxorubicin in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas:Post HocAnalysis of a Prospective Randomized Trial (SARC021/TH CR-406)
Authors: Cranmer Lee D. , Lu Yao , Heise Rachel S. , Ballman Karla V. , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Pollack Seth M. , Wagner Michael J. , Reinke Denise K. , Schöffski Patrick , Tap William D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose:Continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) of doxorubicin (DOX) versus bolus (BOL) may minimize dose-dependent DOX cardiomyopathy, but it is unclear whether this advantage is evident as employed in typical soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) treatment. The impact of administration mode on adverse events (AE) and efficacy were compared using data from a randomized trial of DOX-based therapy (SARC021/TH CR-406).Experimental Design:In this post hoc analysis, CIV versus BOL was at discretion of the treating physician. Likelihood of AEs, and objective responses were assessed by adjusted logistic regression. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using Kaplan–Meier, log-rank test, and adjusted Cox regression.Results:DOX was administered by BOL to 556 and by CIV to 84 patients. Proportions experiencing hematologic, non-hematologic, or cardiac AEs did not differ by administration mode. Hematologic AEs were associated with age, performance status, and cumulative DOX. Non-hematologic AEs were associated with age, performance status, and cumulative evofosfamide. Cardiac AEs were only associated with cumulative DOX; there was no interaction between DOX dose and delivery mode. PFS and OS were similar (median PFS 6.14 months BOL vs. 6.11 months CIV, P = 0.47; median OS 18.4 months BOL vs. 21.4 months CIV, P = 0.62). PFS, OS, and objective responses were not associated with delivery mode.Conclusions:CIV was not associated with superior outcomes over BOL within DOX dosing limits of SARC021. Cardiac AEs were associated with increasing cumulative DOX dose. While not randomized with respect to DOX delivery mode, the results indicate that continued investigation of AE mitigation strategies is warranted.
Abstract A009: Survival disparities in lung squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical and genomic correlates with genetic ancestry
Authors: Jain Sejal , Yao Alexandria , Allen-Gipson Diane , Momen-Heravi Fatemeh , Taylor Alison M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many studies show racial and ethnic survival disparities in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and self-identified African-Americans have significantly lower overall survival and progression-free survival than self-identified Caucasians. However, survival models based on genetic ancestry, rather than self-identified race, are needed to assess whether genetic ancestry influences this survival disparity or whether the cause of the disparity is largely socioeconomic. Using clinically annotated genomic data from 501 LSCC tumor samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we compared clinical data, gene expression profiles, mutations, and copy number changes of tumors across ancestral groups to identify significantly differential events. We then applied the Cox Proportional Hazards model to predict overall survival as a function of genetic ancestry alongside other genetic, molecular, and clinical variables. We found a significant difference in metastatic stage between tumors from patients of African (AFR) and European (EUR) ancestry, which was significant in predicting survival. We identified increased copy number of chromosome arm 8q and locus chr8q24, as well as increased expression of MYC targets in AFR samples relative to EUR samples, all of which suggest a role for the MYC pathway in differential cancer progression. In addition, we found enrichment of amplifications at chr22q11 and chr16p11 in AFR samples compared to EUR samples. We identified top differentially mutated genes between groups, of which mutant SPRR3, PDGFA, FRS3, and C21orf62 correlate with survival. Notably, when survival was modeled as a function of both genetic ancestry and SPRR3 mutation, genetic ancestry was no longer significant as a predictor of survival. The PDGFRA receptor is also significantly differentially expressed between groups, suggesting a possible role of the PDGF axis in differential tumor growth. These results suggest potential genetic and clinical factors implicated in racial survival disparities. Further studies and more diverse sampling of cancer patient populations would allow validation of these differences and future elucidation of patient-specific treatment modalities.
Citation Format: Sejal Jain, Alexandria Yao, Diane Allen-Gipson, Fatemeh Momen-Heravi, Alison M. Taylor. Survival disparities in lung squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical and genomic correlates with genetic ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A009.
Abstract A022: Comparing prostate specific antigen dynamics between Black patients and White patients
Authors: Johnson Alexandria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Black men are the most have the highest prostate cancer (PCa) mortality across all US population groups. We have previously demonstrated how mathematical modeling can be used to understand prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics and predict patient-specific responses to treatment. We hypothesize that we can use mathematical modeling to investigate differences in PSA dynamics between black and white men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment modalities for both black and white patients that will ultimately reduce disparities. Methods: We received data for 57 PCa patients from the Veterans Affairs Hospital and Medical College of Wisconsin (N = 47 white, N = 10 black). To compensate for the lack of data for black patients, propensity score matching was used to match 15 white patients to 10 black patients based on their Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, age, and tumor burden. Our previously developed stem cell enrichment model was used to investigate the primary differences in response dynamics between the white and black patient cohorts. [1] Results: Parameter optimization was used to determine appropriate model parameter values to accurately describe the data. Parameters were sequentially chosen to be patient-specific or uniform within each individual patient cohort in a leave-one-out analysis. Parameter analysis showed that the stem cell self-renewal rates significantly differed between white and black patients (p = 0.0455). Further analysis did not show any significant differences between patient cohorts for the remaining model parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that stem cell self-renewal is the parameter driving differences in PSA dynamics between white and black patients. Though propensity score analysis allowed for a more equal comparison between the black and white patient cohorts, additional patient data is needed to validate these results. Future work will include acquiring additional data and completing race-specific model analysis for black and white patients.
Citation Format: Alexandria Johnson. Comparing prostate specific antigen dynamics between Black patients and White patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A022.
Abstract A035: Examining the health-related quality of life of U.S. Hispanic cancer survivors
Authors: Bhattacharya Manami , Graves Kristi D. , Jensen Roxanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction By 2030, Hispanic survivors will likely constitute 20% of the survivor population (4 million people). Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic cancer survivors experience worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) across multiple domains including worse physical, psychological, and social wellbeing. Few studies have examined predictors of HRQOL in a population-based sample of Hispanic cancer survivors. We examined demographic, acculturation, and cancer clinical factors associated with HRQOL in early cancer survivorship. Methodology Utilizing data from the Measuring Your Health (MY-Health) study, which recruited cancer patients from 4 SEER cancer registries between 2010 and 2013, we conducted a secondary analysis of Hispanic survivors who responded to the baseline survey (administered ~9 months after diagnosis; n=908). We examined sample characteristics of the sample, including English language comfort, country of birth, and years in the US. We measured HRQOL outcomes (physical and mental health summary measures, pain interference, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and physical function) using PROMIS® measures validated in English and Spanish. We dichotomized PROMIS scores for clinically relevant symptoms in a cancer population. We conducted linear and logistic regressions examining HRQOL associated with covariates including demographic and cancer characteristics, spirituality, and acculturation factors. Preliminary Results Survivors had a mean age of 60 years, 58% were foreign born, 61% were female, 56% married, 68% had early-stage cancer, 31% had breast cancer, and 23% had prostate cancer. Some survivors reported preferring communicating in English (57%) and those who immigrated to the US had a mean of 30 years in the US. Preliminary results show that this population may be experiencing worse physical and mental health (mean = 43.68 and 47.11; lower scores mean worse health), anxiety, fatigue, and pain (52.7, 53.4, 55.2; high scores mean worse anxiety, fatigue, pain) than national averages (score of 50). Multivariable results are forthcoming. Conclusions In a large and diverse sample of Hispanic cancer survivors, we found survivors report worse quality of life across multiple domains compared to the general population’s self-reported HRQOL. Few interventions have been developed to improve HRQOL for diverse groups of Hispanic cancer survivors. Elucidating factors that affect outcomes can help clarify how to structure interventions to reduce HRQOL disparities in this understudied group of cancer survivors.
Citation Format: Manami Bhattacharya, Kristi D. Graves, Roxanne Jensen. Examining the health-related quality of life of U.S. Hispanic cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A035.