bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serving All-under-Heaven: Cosmopolitan intellectuals of the Warring States period
Authors: Pines Yuri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Qin imperial unification in 221 bce is often conceived of as the ‘unification of China’. Although from the long-term perspective of Chinese history this view is surely valid, it obscures some of the major trends of the Warring States period (453–221 bce). Back then, the Zhou (‘Chinese’) world was moving in the direction of the internal consolidation of large territorial states amid increasing political and cultural separation from their neighbours. This process unmistakably recalls similar developments in early modern Europe, where, as is well known, these resulted in the formation of nation-states. In China, by contrast, the development trajectory was markedly different. The potential transformation of the competing Warring States into fully fledged separate entities never materialized. The unified empire was eventually accepted as the sole legitimate solution to political turmoil, whereas individual states were denied the right to exist. Why, despite strong parallels, did the Chinese development trajectory ultimately diverge so conspicuously from what happened in modern Europe?
In search of an answer, this article focuses on the extraordinary role played by politically active intellectuals of the Warring States period. By prioritizing the common good of ‘All-under-Heaven’ over that of an individual polity, by denigrating local identities, and by rejecting the legitimacy of regional states, these intellectuals paved the way for the political unification of the Zhou world long before it occurred. This article addresses the idealistic and egoistic reasons for this choice and explores the cosmopolitan undertones of the universalist outlook of the Warring States-period intellectuals.
Ivermectin vs moxidectin for treating Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a systematic review
Authors: Henriquez-Camacho Cesar , Pérez-Molina Jose A. , Buonfrate Dora , Rodari Paola , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Luengo Benilde , Plana María Nieves 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim was to assess the efficacy of ivermectin vs moxidectin for treating Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for studies comparing ivermectin and moxidectin from inception to February 2024. The outcomes: elimination of infection or parasitological cure, mortality and serious adverse events. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi2 test for statistical heterogeneity and results of the I2 statistic. Two trials met the inclusion criteria that included 821 adult participants. Both studies were conducted in southeast Asia (Cambodia and Laos). Neither trial included immunocompromised patients. The mean age of the participants ranged from 40 to 45 years old, with a similar distribution of males and females. For all participants, S. stercoralis infection was confirmed by Baermann method. The evidence was moderate for parasitological cure rate. Certainty was downgraded by 1 level because of imprecision. Moxidectin was not inferior to ivermectin: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.36–1.25 (P = 0.21), I2 = 0%, 821 participants. No deaths were reported in either trial. One trial reported mild adverse events. In total, 153/726 (21%) participants had an adverse event. The most reported symptoms were abdominal pain and headache. There is evidence for moderate quality that moxidectin is non-inferior to, and as safe as ivermectin; however, more high-quality and well-designed trials are needed. For patients with some underlying immunosuppressive disorder, or in patients who are very young or very old, current data are insufficient to be recommended.
Indeterminacy of actions: Working out a relevant next in interaction with people with late-stage dementia
Authors: Majlesi Ali Reza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines video recordings of activities within an elderly care home, particularly focusing on interactions involving people with dementia. The study presents instances where the relevance of the current conduct—and consequently the generation of a fitting response—appears indeterminate to the co-participant. Despite the uncertainty surrounding the mutually understood ‘constitutive expectancies’ (Garfinkel 1963) and a lack of shared understanding of ‘motivational relevancies’ (Schutz 1970), the participants continue to engage with one another. The analysis reveals that, in the face of an unrecognizable set of conduct and the indeterminacy of subsequent actions before closing down the activity, participants strive to maintain some degree of intersubjectivity by preserving or revisiting the constitutive order of their interaction. This commitment to the ‘co-operative’ nature of human actions (Goodwin 2018) is argued to be central to their interactions. (People with dementia, co-operative actions, conversation analysis, multimodality, ethnomethodology, intersubjectivity)*
Surgical risk scores for congenital heart surgery are useful for long-term risk prediction
Authors: Dailey-Schwartz Andrew , Kuo Krisy , Yang Yanxu , Xiang Yijin , Kochilas Lazaros , Oster Matthew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe initial and updated Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery (STAT and STAT 2020) and Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 and Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-2 scoring systems are validated to predict early postoperative mortality following congenital heart surgery in children; however, their ability to predict long-term mortality has not been examined. We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium, a US-based registry of cardiac interventions in 47 participating centres between 1982 and 2011. Patients included in this cohort analysis had select congenital heart surgery representing the spectrum of severity as determined by STAT and Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 and were less than 21 years of age. We applied STAT, STAT 2020, Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-1, and Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-2 for prediction of early mortality and long-term postoperative survival probability by surgical risk category. Long-term outcomes were obtained by matching Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium patients with deaths reported in the National Death Index through 2021. Of 20,753 eligible patients, 18,755 survived the postoperative period and 2,058 deaths occurred over a median follow up of 24.4 years (Interquartile Range: 21–28.4). Each scoring system performed well for predicting early postoperative mortality with the following c-statistics: STAT: 0.7872, Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-1: 0.7872, STAT 2020: 0.7724 and Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-2: 0.7668. The predictive ability for long-term risk of death was as follows: STAT: 0.6995, Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 c = 0.6741, Risk Adjusted Classification for Congenital Heart Surgery-2: 0.7156 and STAT 2020: c = 0.7156. Risk-adjusted score systems for congenital heart surgery maintain adequate but diminishing discriminative power to predict long-term mortality. Future efforts are warranted to develop a tool with improved long-term survival prediction.
Effects of interlocutors’ linguistic competence on L2 speakers’ lexical alignment
Authors: Shen Huiyang , Wang Min 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated how interlocutors’ linguistic competence affected L2 speakers’ lexical alignment and how the interlocutor effect was modulated by speakers’ proficiency. Chinese English as a Foreign Language speakers performed an online text-based picture-naming and -matching task with interlocutors of different perceived linguistic competences: an L1 interlocutor, an L2 interlocutor of higher proficiency or an L2 interlocutor of lower proficiency. We compared the magnitudes of L2 speakers’ lexical alignment across interlocutor conditions and examined whether the interlocutor effect varied with speakers’ L2 proficiency. Results showed that L2 speakers aligned more with the L1 interlocutor than the L2 interlocutor, indicating an effect of interlocutors’ language status (native vs. non-native). Moreover, L2 speakers’ lexical alignment with interlocutors of varying proficiency was differentially affected by their own proficiency levels. This study adds to the existing work by revealing the joint influence of the interlocutors’ competence and the speakers’ L2 proficiency on lexical alignment in L2 communication.
Two decades later: letter transpositions within and across morpheme boundaries in L1 and L2 speakers
Authors: Kahraman Hasibe , Kırkıcı Bilal , Beyersmann Elisabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examined the influence of letter transpositions on morphological facilitation in L1 English and L1 Chinese-L2 English speakers. Morphological priming effects were investigated by comparing morphologically complex primes that either contained transposed-letters (TL) within the stem or across the morpheme boundary, relative to a substituted-letter (SL) control. Within two masked primed lexical decision experiments, the same stem targets were preceded by morphologically related, TL-within, SL-within, TL-across, SL-across, or unrelated primes. Reaction time analyses with morphologically intact primes revealed facilitation in both L1 and L2 English. In L1, TL-within priming was significant, while the magnitude of TL-across priming varied as a function of positional specific bigram frequency and spelling proficiency. In L2, TL-priming was entirely absent. These findings support models of complex word recognition that accommodate relative flexibility in letter position encoding.
Chinese EFL learners’ conceptual combination of English noun–noun compounds: Effects of relational information and English proficiency
Authors: Cheng Gong , Xu Hai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent research has uncovered relation-based conceptual combination in L1 English speakers’ processing of noun–noun compounds. However, it remains unclear whether Chinese EFL learners undergo a similar relation-based conceptual combination when processing English noun–noun compounds, particularly given the similarities in compounding between English and Chinese. To address this inquiry, a cohort of 120 Chinese EFL learners with advanced and intermediate English proficiency were requested to interpret English noun–noun compounds online in contexts with modifier-based relational information only, or both modifier- and head noun-based relational information. Results showed that Chinese EFL learners’ processing relied heavily on available relational information. Moreover, both modifier- and head noun-based relational information contributed to this process but played distinct roles at different phases, modulated by task demands. While English proficiency affected processing speed, both proficiency groups exhibited a similar pattern across experiments. These findings shed light on the nuances of L2 learners’ conceptual combination of English noun–noun compounds.
West Is Up, How to Get to The Suburbs, and Other Spatial Logics of DC's Punk Scene
Authors: Stucky Rami Toubia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Washington, DC was littered with fliers that promoted shows happening within the local punk scene during the 1980s. Often posted on poles, walls, and bulletin boards around the city, these fliers included which bands were playing, the date of the show, entry cost, and the name and location of the performance space. For shows that occurred in the homes, community centers, and schools of suburban Maryland and Virginia, the flier maker often included an address as well as directions. Sometimes these directions took the form of a hand-drawn map. More often, they were written in prose.
This article studies the directions included on such fliers and asks, “where do flier makers assume attendees will begin their travels?” To answer this question, it adopts a methodology from geographic information systems (GIS) and follows the directions backwards from the venue to the unspoken and assumed starting point. Such methods show how directions typically began in the suburbs themselves or in and around Georgetown, one of DC's more affluent neighborhoods.
The individuals that made these fliers functioned as popular cartographers who, via their directions or maps, articulated their identity and worldview. By focusing on the unassumed, unspoken, and default “starting point” of punk audiences, this article argues that punk fliers created a view of DC that articulated and engrained a segregationist, classist, exclusionary logic, even within a progressive, integrated musical scene that existed in the city during the 1980s.
Spectral Flux Decomposition in a Wind‐Driven Channel Flow With Near‐Inertial Waves
Authors: Shaham Michal , Barkan Roy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years it has become evident that the spatiotemporal distribution of oceanic kinetic energy (KE) is strongly influenced by the interactions between oceanic mesoscale eddies, submesoscale currents, and near‐inertial waves (NIWs). However, the proposed interaction mechanisms remain difficult to evaluate and quantify in complex oceanic numerical simulations. To address these difficulties we introduce an analysis framework that combines spectral KE flux computations across horizontal wavenumbers with temporal filtering and a Helmholtz decomposition, and apply it to idealized, high‐resolution, baroclinic channel solutions consisting of eddies, fronts, and filaments in the Rossby parameter regime. By comparing solutions with and without NIW forcing we are able to demonstrate that externally forced NIWs lead to a reduction in the inverse KE cascade of the low‐passed eddying flow, and to an enhancement in its forward cascade. These stimulated cascades are associated with the interactions between rotational and divergent eddy motions, characteristic of mesoscale eddies and submesoscale currents, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that at larger spatial scales the forward KE cascade of NIWs is accomplished through wave scattering and direct extraction by rotational eddy motions, whereas at smaller spatial scales it is also dominated by wave‐wave interactions. The caveats of our framework, its suitability to investigate eddy‐NIW interactions in realistic oceanic simulations and the disparities between the spectral KE flux and the coarse‐graining methods are also discussed.
Statistical Study of the Solar Wind Current Sheet Properties: Defining Instrument Requirements for the Seven Sisters Mission Concept
Authors: Liou Yu‐Lun , Nykyri Katariina , Ma Xuanye , Cuéllar Roberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe present study performs a procedure of estimating the current sheet (CS) thickness in the solar wind. Motivated by the science requirements for a multi‐spacecraft solar wind mission called the Seven Sisters, this research aims to address the required temporal resolution of the magnetometer in order to entirely encompass the observations of thin CSs. Additionally, this procedure can contribute to addressing the unresolved turbulence heating problem in the solar wind. We have statistically provided the solar wind CS thickness estimated, with full instrumental resolution of 128 Hz, from the Flux Gate magnetometer (FGM) data of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Out of 183 cases of solar wind CS crossings, the thicknesses varied from 0.1 to 3 Mm with a maximum of 32.97 s, minimum of 0.16 s and average of 3.08 s crossing time. Of these, 73.22% of the CSs can be identified by using 1‐Hz measurement cadence, while 12.5 Hz data can fully identify all of the CSs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 1‐Hz sampling rate is sufficient for the survey mode, while the sampling frequency of 12.5 Hz as the burst mode is capable of achieving even the strictest scientific objectives. Our statistical results also report a population below 100 km or , which should be further examined.
Biomass Burning Plumes From Indochina Toward Southern China: Predominant Synoptic Weather Processes and Interactions
Authors: Xue Lian , Ding Ke , Huang Xin , Zhu Anbao , Lou Sijia , Wang Zilin , Xie Yuning , Ding Aijun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEvery spring, biomass burning (BB) plumes from the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) are transported downstream by specific synoptic weather processes, potentially influencing regional weather through radiative effects of BB aerosols. However, the favorable weather patterns for transport toward inland China and how they interact with BB aerosols are not fully understood. In this study, we identified three predominant synoptic weather processes associated with evident BB plume transport toward southern China over the past 20 years. The first two—the low pressure over the continent and the cold frontal passage—account for more than 76% of all the events. In low‐pressure events accompanied by surface warming, a cyclonic system hovers over southern China, with southerly winds favoring the northward movement of BB plumes throughout the lower troposphere. The second type is caused by a frontal passage lasting only 1–2 days, which lifts BB plumes to above 700 hPa and transports them downstream. To further explore aerosol feedback on different weather patterns, we conducted WRF‐Chem simulations and found an average of 2°C cooling near the surface, along with 1.5°C warming in the lower troposphere over the southern coast of East Asia. Consequently, the more stable atmosphere suppresses the low‐pressure system but enhances the cold frontal system. Meanwhile, anomalous circulations from aerosol radiative effects align with those during the frontal passage, boosting plume transport with a 45% (20%) rise in CO (BC) along the transport belt toward inland southern China. This work highlights the importance of considering the interactions between wildfire pollutants and different weather processes.
Evaluating the Effects of Biomass Burning on Severe Haze Formation in a Megacity of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China
Authors: Bao Zhier , Liu Yiliang , Meng Lingshuo , Han Yan , Tian Mi , Shi Guangming , Wang Qiyuan , Huang Yu , Peng Chao , Luo Bin , Zhang Wei , Wang Huanbo , Cao Junji , Yang Fumo , Chen Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSevere haze pollution has long been an environmental problem, which is complicated and poorly understood in the Sichuan Basin (SCB). In this study, a field observation was carried out to investigate the factors driving haze formation in urban Chengdu, a typical megacity in the SCB. It was found that the accumulation of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) played an important role in haze formation in urban Chengdu. The average mass fraction of BBOA in PM2.5 increased from ∼1% during clear days to ∼10% during severe haze episodes. A method combining backward trajectory analysis with fire spot distribution was used to evaluate the effects of regional transport of biomass burning (BB) emissions. The results showed that BBOA concentration increased by ∼3 times and PM2.5 concentration increased by ∼54% when BB emissions were transported from adjacent areas to urban Chengdu. Moreover, the parameter f60 (the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum), which indicated the impacts of BB emissions, was reassessed to be 0.54% instead of the widely used value 0.3% previously. Our results uncovered the importance of BB emissions on haze formation in urban areas in the SCB and provided new insights into pollutant mitigation strategies in the region.
The Influence of Vertical Resolution on Internal Tide Energetics and Subsequent Effects on Underwater Acoustic Propagation
Authors: Hiron L. , Schönau M. C. , Raja K. J. , Chassignet E. P. , Buijsman M. C. , Arbic B. K. , Bozec A. , Coelho E. F. , Solano M. S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInternal tide generation and breaking play a primary role in the vertical transport and mixing of heat and other properties in the ocean interior, thereby influencing climate regulation. Additionally, internal tides increase sound speed variability in the ocean, consequently impacting underwater acoustic propagation. With advancements in large‐scale ocean modeling capabilities, it is essential to assess the impact of higher model resolutions (horizontal and vertical) in representing internal tides. This study investigates the influence of vertical resolution on internal tide energetics and its subsequent effects on underwater acoustic propagation in the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). An idealized configuration with a ridge, forced only by semidiurnal tides and having 1‐km horizontal grid‐spacing, is used to test two different vertical‐grid discretizations, defined based on the zero‐crossings of horizontal velocity eigenfunctions and the merging of consecutive layers, with seven distinct numbers of isopycnal layers, ranging from 8 to 128. Analyses reveal that increasing the number of layers up to 48 increases barotropic‐to‐baroclinic tidal conversion, available potential energy, and vertical kinetic energy, converging with higher layer counts. Vertical shear exhibits a similar pattern but converges at 96 layers. Increasing the number of isopycnal layers, up to 48, increases the available potential energy contained in high (third‐to‐eighth) tidal baroclinic modes. Finally, sound speed variability and acoustic parameters differ for simulations with less than 48 layers. Therefore, the study concludes that a minimum vertical resolution (48 layers in this case) is required in isopycnal models to accurately represent internal tide properties and associated underwater acoustic propagation.
Associations of behavioral, motivational, and socioeconomic factors with BMI among children and adolescents
Authors: Jungehuelsing Charlotte , Meigen Christof , Krause Sarah , Kiess Wieland , Poulain Tanja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Higher weight represents a significant health concern in youth and may be influenced by socioeconomic and behavioral factors. We investigated the relationship between BMI and parental education, nutritional health, eating culture, organized and non-organized physical activity (PA), motives for PA (weight loss/maintenance, enjoyment), and screen-time in children and adolescents.

Methods
677 2- to 11-year-olds (young-age-group) and 464 12- to 20-year-olds (old-age-group) from Leipzig, a city in Germany, participated. We applied multivariate linear regression analyses to assess associations.

Results
BMI-SDS was negatively associated with parental education (young-age-group: b = −0.25, p < 0.001, old-age-group: b = −0.27, p = 0.02), non-organized PA (young-age-group: b = −0.23, p = 0.029), and PA enjoyment (young-age-group: b = −0.05, p = 0.01, old-age-group: b = −0.05, p = 0.038), but negatively with media use during dinner (old-age-group: b = 0.53, p < 0.001), PA for weight loss/maintenance (young-age-group: b = 0.15, p < 0.001, old-age-group: b = 0.12, p < 0.001), and screen-time (young-age-group: b = 0.11, p = 0.009, old-age-group: b = 0.09, p = 0.001). Significant interactions with age, sex and parental education were observed.

Conclusion
A lower BMI in children is associated with high parental education, screen-free eating, higher participation in non-organized PA and lower screen-time. While measures of motivation were limited and thus findings should be interpreted with caution, intrinsic motivation for PA is associated with lower BMI whereas extrinsic motivation for PA is associated with higher BMI.

Impact

In a German cohort of children and adolescents, lower BMI is associated with high parental education, less screen time, more participation in non-organized physical activity and less media use during dinner.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motives for physical activity are directly linked to the weight status of children and adolescents.

These associations are particularly strong in families with low/medium formal education.