bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Defence of Moderate Actual Intentionalism
Authors: Hulbert Frederick 
Published: December 2022

The extent to which the artist’s intentions are a relevant consideration in the interpretation of art has long been the subject of critical debate. Initially, I outline the various interpretive positions which have been established, specifically focusing on the debate between hypothetical intentionalism and moderate actual intentionalism. Then I look at some previous test cases which have, as yet, failed to demonstrate a decisive victory for either side. Finally, I offer two new test cases, one from the field of contemporary visual art and the other from literary theory. I argue that the former serves to debunk hypothetical intentionalism and the latter lends support to the moderate actual intentionalist position.
La competencia intercultural como objetivo en la clase de ELE
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ SUSANA S. , POZZO MARÍA ISABEL 
Published: December 2022

El presente capítulo tiene por objeto delimitar el concepto de competencia intercultural y su lugar en la clase de ELE desde la perspectiva del docente. Luego de una delimitación terminológica y un repaso teórico del concepto de interculturalidad, destacaremos los ideales, las formas de trabajo y las dificultades expresadas por docentes de ELE. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de una encuesta implementada en el contexto de las IV Jornadas y III Congreso Internacional de Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera, evento realizado en Rosario, Argentina, durante marzo de 2013. Las reflexiones de docentes de distintos países del mundo dan cuenta de la dificultad de llevar a la práctica los ideales de enseñanza intercultural a la que todos aspiran. Los resultados obtenidos hacen patente la necesidad de trabajos como los incluidos en esta antología, que intentan aportar soluciones a dilemas tales como la integración de la interculturalidad en otros aspectos de la enseñanza (sección 3 de este libro), la evaluación del componente intercultural (sección 4) o su relación con el objetivo de la autonomía del aprendiz (sección 2). En las últimas décadas, la concepción acerca de lo que comprende la enseñanza y aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera se ha ido ampliando y diversificando con respecto a la tradicional sobreestimación del papel de la gramática. En tal sentido, es ya generalizada la aceptación de una clase que incluya a su vez el componente cultural y la reflexión acerca del mismo, meta que ha sido sintetizada en la expresión “competencia intercultural”. Lo que no logra aún total acuerdo es la forma de implementar dicha perspectiva en función de condicionantes institucionales, didácticos (de los recursos disponibles y de las capacidades docentes) y psicológicos (ideas y creencias de los profesores, expectativas de los alumnos y otros integrantes de la comunidad académica). Entre estos últimos, el presente trabajo se aboca a la competencia intercultural como objetivo de la clase de español como lengua segunda y extranjera desde la perspectiva del profesor. De esta consideración se desprende el lugar de las actividades y el de la evaluación.
Reflexões sobre o Perfil dos Discentes Cotistas da UESB
Authors: Oliveira Melo Ferraz Maisa , Passos Braga Pires Ennia Débora , Santos Silva Soane 
Published: December 2022

Resultante de uma pesquisa realizada na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) que teve como objeto de investigação o Programa de Ações Afirmativas, o artigo tem o propósito de apresentar e discutir o perfil dos discentes cotistas atendidos pelo programa. A pesquisa teve como orientação teórico-metodológica o materialismo histórico dialético. Estudos sobre a política pública educacional e ações afirmativas, dentre os quais, Hofling (2001), Gomes (2001), Fonseca (2009) e outros, ofereceram os subsídos teóricos para o estudo que envolveu discentes de quatro cursos da instituição. Os dados foram levantados por meio de questionários e entrevistas. A análise do perfil dos discentes cotistas participantes da pesquisa revelou, dentre os principais aspectos pesquisados, que a maioria foi constituída de jovens (79,8%), oriundos do próprio estado da Bahia (98,2%), cuja a representatividade feminina foi maior (55,4%). No quesito cor/raça, os declarados pardos representaram um percentual de 43,4%, seguidos de negros com 31,8%. Neste ponto, 2,3% dos discentes preferiram não se declarar, o que sugeriu a existência de um racismo velado. A maioria dos pesquisados possuiam, em seu grupo familiar, baixa escolaridade quanto à formação do ensino superior, revelando o aspecto “afirmativo” do Programa de Ações Afirmativas. Quanto à renda bruta familiar, mais de 83% possuiam renda de até meio salário mínimo a 2 (dois) salários mínimos, demonstrando que não possuem renda suficiente para se manter na Universidade e necessitam, assim, do apoio institucional. Se alterações estruturantes não ocorrerem, o acesso continuará sendo viabilizado, porém os segmentos historicamente excluídos permanecerão à margem.
Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass)
Authors: Saraswat Swati , Bisen Rajani , Kumar Vinod 
Published: December 2022

The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2020 and 2021 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 103 accessions including 03 checks were assessed and observations were recorded for ten traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). REML analysis discovered significant differences among the 103 accessions for all the traits. It indicates a satisfactory amount of genetic variability among the accessions for yield and yield-attributing traits. Values of phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than the value of genotypic coefficients of variation in this study. High heritability was noted for all the traits under the experiment. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean recorded high for seed yield per plant followed by number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight whereas, trait days to 50% flowering, days to flower initiation and days to maturity exhibited low magnitude. These results indicate the dominance of the additive gene effect, which will aid in selection in an early segregating generation.
Thinking about the unthinkable
Authors: Pullar Margaret 
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the writer's experienceof the many, necessary steps involved in closing the practice of a terminally ill colleague, both before and after the death of the therapist. Its focus is the particular complexity of this task when the therapist is in private practice. It is dedicated to the late Joan Welsh, colleague and friend of the writer. Joan asked that this paper be written as her gift to her colleagues and to the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists.
Thermosipho
Authors: Nesbø Camilla , Farrell Anne A. , Zhaxybayeva Olga , L'Haridon Stéphane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Ther.mo.si'pho. Gr. fem. n.
thermê
, heat; L. masc. n.
sipho
, little pipe to suck drinks through, a tube; N.L. masc. n.
Thermosipho
, the hot tube, due to the sheath surrounding the bacteria.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Thermotogales / Fervidobacteriaceae / Thermosipho

The genus
Thermosipho
is currently composed of eight species (
Thermosipho africanus
,
Thermosipho melanesiensis
,
Thermosipho japonicus
,
Thermosipho geolei
,
Thermosipho atlanticus
,
Thermosipho affectus
,
Thermosipho globiformans
, and
Thermosipho activus
). The rods are surrounded by an outer sheath‐like toga, and some rods form spheroids during growth. The spheroids may produce “immature progenies” that are too small to contain a complete genome, which need further investigation to elucidate their function. The cells are obligately
anaerobic
,
thermophilic
, with optimum growth temperature of 65–75°C, optimal pH 6.0–7.5, and optimal growth under low salinity 2.0–3.0% NaCl.
Heterotrophic growth
.
Sulfur is reduced to H

2

S
by all the species, while thiosulfate is reduced by
Thermosipho africanus
and
Thermosipho japonicus
. Molecular hydrogen inhibits growth. Two described
Thermosipho
spp. are capable of
de novo
biosynthesis of vitamin B12. Members of the phylum
Thermotogota
, class
Thermotogae
, order
Thermotogales
, and family
Fervidobacteriaceae
. Known habitats are shallow and deep‐sea hydrothermal vents and deep subsurface oil reservoirs.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 29.5–31.5 (
T
m
and genome analysis).

Type species
:
Thermosipho africanus
Huber et al. 1989, VL31 emend. Ravot et al. 1996.
Filter‐Free Narrowband Photomultiplication‐Type Planar Heterojunction Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Zijin , Xu Chunyu , Ma Yao , Ma Xiaoling , Zhu Xixiang , Niu Lianbin , Shen Liang , Zhou Zhengji , Zhang Fujun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFilter‐free narrowband photomultiplication‐type planar heterojunction (PHJ) organic photodetectors (PM‐PHOPDs) are first realized by employing a thick front donor layer and an ultrathin PC71BM layer. The thick front donor layer is employed as an optical field adjusting (OFA) layer. The sequentially coated PC71BM will diffuse slightly into OFA layer, which works as interfacial electron traps to capture photogenerated electrons for assisting hole tunneling injection. The P3HT/PC71BM‐based PM‐PHOPDs exhibit narrowband response with full‐width of half‐maximum of 32 nm and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1700% at 650 nm under −20 V bias. Due to the enhanced hole transport and reduced charge recombination in PHJ compared to those in bulk heterojunction (BHJ), the EQE of P3HT/PC71BM‐based narrowband PM‐PHOPDs is twice as P3HT:PC71BM BHJ‐based narrowband PM‐OPDs under the same bias. The response peak of PM‐PHOPDs is adjusted from 650 to 695 or 745 nm by incorporating SMPV1 or DRCN5T in OFA layers due to the red‐shifted absorption edge. The EQEs of 3600% at 695 nm and 870% at 745 nm are obtained for P3HT:SMPV1 and P3HT:DRCN5T‐based PM‐PHOPDs under −20 V bias, respectively. This work provides a smart strategy to achieve narrowband PM‐OPDs by designing different OFA layers.
Giant Polarization in Quasi‐Adiabatic Ferroelectric Na+ Electrolyte for Solid‐State Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Carvalho Baptista Manuela , Khalifa Hesham , Araújo Adão , Maia Beatriz Arouca , Souto Manuel , Braga Maria Helena 
Published: December 2022

The advent of new solid‐state energy storage devices to tackle the electrical revolution requires the usage of nonlinear behavior leading to emergent phenomena. The ferroelectric analyzed herein belongs to a family of electrolytes that allow energy harvesting and storage as part of its self‐charging features when thermally activated. The Na2.99Ba0.005ClO electrolyte shows quasi‐adiabatic behavior with a continuous increase in polarization upon cycling, displaying almost no hysteresis. The maximum polarization obtained at a weak electric field is giant and similar to the remanent polarization. It depends on the temperature with a pyroelectric coefficient of 5.37 C m−2 °C−1 from −5 to 46 °C. The emergence occurs via negative resistance and capacitance. The glass transition is found to have its origins in the sharp depolarization at 46 – 48 °C. Above –10 °C, at ≈ –5 °C, another thermal anomaly may rely on the topologic characteristics of the A3–2xBaxClO (A = Li, Na, K) glass electrolytes enabling positive feedback of the current of electrons throughout the surface of the inner cell. The phenomena may pave the way toward a better understanding of dipolar nanodomain fragile glasses with exceptional ferroelectric characteristics to architect energy harvesting and storage devices based on multivalent thermally activated Na+‐ion‐ion electrolytes.
Artificial Synapse Based on Oxygen Vacancy Migration in Ferroelectric‐Like C‐Axis‐Aligned Crystalline InGaSnO Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors for Highly Integrated Neuromorphic Electronics
Authors: Lim Taebin , Lee Suhui , Lee Jiseob , Choi HyungJin , Jung Byunglib , Baek SeungHyub , Jang Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial synapses are a key component of neuromorphic computing systems. To achieve high‐performance neuromorphic computing ability, a huge number of artificial synapses should be integrated because the human brain has a huge number of synapses (≈1015). In this study, a coplanar synaptic, thin‐film transistor (TFT) made of c‐axis‐aligned crystalline indium gallium tin oxide (CAAC–IGTO) is developed. The electrical characteristics of the biological synapses such as inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC), paired‐pulse depression (PPD), short‐term plasticity (STP), and long‐term plasticity at VDS = 0.1 V, are demonstrated. The measured synaptic behavior can be explained by the migration of positively charged oxygen vacancies (Vo+/Vo++) in the CAAC–IGTO layer. The mechanism of implementing synaptic behavior is completely new, compared to previous reports using electrolytes or ferroelectric gate insulators. The advantage of this device is to use conventional gate insulators such as SiO2 for synaptic behavior. Previous studies use chitosan, Ta2O3, SiO2 nanoparticles , Gd2O3, and HfZrOx for gate insulators, which cannot be used for high integration of synaptic devices. The metal–oxide TFTs, widely used in the display industry, can be applied to the synaptic transistors. Therefore, CAAC–IGTO synaptic TFT can be a good candidate for application as an artificial synapse for highly integrated neuromorphic chips.
Tailored Persistent Radical‐containing Heterotrimetal‐Organic Framework for Boosting Efficiency of Visible/NIR Light‐driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Hu Kong‐Qiu , Huang Zhi‐Wei , Li Xiao‐Bo , Cheng Yi , Kong Xiang‐He , Mei Lei , Zeng Li‐Wen , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Yu Ji‐Pan , Gibson John K. , Chai Zhi‐Fang , Kou Hui‐Zhong , Shi Wei‐Qun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPromoting light absorption range of photocatalysts is of great significance to improve solar light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, a new viologen‐based multicomponent heterotrimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb)12][FeIII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐14) with an unprecedented (6, 18)‐connected she‐d topology is presented. Upon UV irradiation, this MOF undergoes ligand and iron photoreduction, and a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to generate persistent radical‐containing MOF [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb•)12][FeII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐15). This radical‐containing MOF shows excellent stability without fading after at least 2 months in air. Besides extending the photoabsorption to a wider wavelength range covering from 200 to 2,500 nm, the generation of persistent radical in IHEP‐15 also largely enhances its CO2 adsorption capacity by a factor of three due to the strong affinity between π orbital of the radical and the π system of CO2. These attributes endow IHEP‐15 with excellent visible/NIR light‐driven CO2 photoreduction activity, with CO production rates under visible and NIR irradiation of 570.3 and 209.3 µmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Notably, the latter is a record high for NIR‐induced CO production among all MOFs reported so far.
Submicron‐Sized In Situ Osmotic Pressure Sensors for In Vitro Applications in Biology
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Bertinetti Luca , Yavuzsoy Efe Cuma , Gao Changyou , Schneck Emanuel , Fratzl Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhysical forces are important cues in determining the development and the normal function of biological tissues. While forces generated by molecular motors have been widely studied, forces resulting from osmotic gradients have been less considered in this context. A possible reason is the lack of direct in situ measurement methods that can be applied to cell and organ culture systems. Herein, novel kinds of resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based liposomal sensors are developed, so that their sensing range and sensitivity can be adjusted to satisfy physiological osmotic conditions. Several types of sensors are prepared, either based on polyethylene glycol‐ (PEG)ylated liposomes with steric stabilization and stealth property or on crosslinked liposomes capable of enduring relatively harsh environments for liposomes (e.g., in the presence of biosurfactants). The sensors are demonstrated to be effective in the measurement of osmotic pressures in pre‐osteoblastic in vitro cell culture systems by means of FRET microscopy. This development paves the way toward the in situ sensing of osmotic pressures in biological culture systems.
High‐Performance Cadmium‐Free Blue Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Devices with Stepwise Double Hole‐Transport Layers
Authors: Luo Zhiqi , Yu Yongshen , Yang Kaiyu , Lin Lihua , Lin Jintang , Guo Tailiang , Hu Hailong , Li Fushan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZnSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are environmental‐friendly blue light‐emitting material, which can easily achieve deep blue emission upon external excitation. However, its deep valence band (VB) and numerous defect states remain handicap to realize sufficient performance of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). In this work, high‐performance cadmium‐free ZnSe/ZnS QLEDs by constructing a double organic hole‐transport layer (HTL) to obtain carrier balance are presented. The double HTLs, which consist of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐N‐(4‐butylphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFB) and 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT), can suppress the accumulation of electrons between the HTL and the emissive layer (EML), leading to more hole and electron recombination luminescence in QD layer. In addition, the C8‐BTBT layer is conducive to improve the uniformity of QDs film. Thus, the resulting device achieves an external quantum efficiency of 7.23% with TFB/C8‐BTBT double HTLs, which is almost 150% higher than that of traditional devices based on a single hole‐transport layer (4.84%). The authors anticipate that these results can provide a guidance for the optimization of cadmium‐free blue QLEDs.
GM1‐gangliosidosis: The caregivers' assessments of symptom impact and most important symptoms to treat
Authors: Bingaman Amanda , Waggoner Christine , Andrews Sara M. , Pangonis Diana , Trad Marie , Giugliani Roberto , Giorgino Ruben , Jarnes Jeanine , Vakili Rojan , Ballard Victoria , Peay Holly L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGM1‐gangliosidosis (GM1) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder leading to early mortality and causing progressive decline of physical skills and cerebral functioning. No approved treatment for GM1 exists. In this study—the first to explore priorities of parents of subjects with pediatric onset forms of GM1—we address a crucial gap by characterizing symptoms most critical to caregivers of children with GM1 to treat. Our two‐part, mixed‐methods approach began with focus groups, followed by interviews with a distinct set of parents. Interviews included a prioritization activity that used best‐worst scaling. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and rapid analysis process. Parents prioritized the symptoms they believed would increase their child's lifespan and improve their perceived quality of life (QoL); these symptoms focused on communicating wants/needs, preventing pain/discomfort, getting around and moving one's body, and enhancing eating/feeding. Although lifespan was highly valued, almost all parents would not desire a longer lifespan without acceptable child QoL. Parents indicated high caregiver burden and progressive reduction in QoL for children with GM1. This novel study of caregiver priorities identified important symptoms for endpoints' selection in patient‐focused drug development in the context of high disease impact and unmet treatment needs.
Utility of dual‐energy computed tomography in the association of COVID‐19 pneumonia severity
Authors: Michishita Takahiro , Saji Ryo , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Mishima Sena , Shimada Kosuke , Minami Sakura , Okano Hiromu , Suzuki Naoya , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro , Furuya Ryosuke 
Published: December 2022

AimCoronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia differs from ordinary pneumonia in that it is associated with lesions that reduce pulmonary perfusion. Dual‐energy computed tomography is well suited to elucidate the etiology of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, because it highlights changes in organ blood flow. In this study, we investigated whether dual‐energy computed tomography could be used to determine the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, admitted to our hospital, and underwent dual‐energy computed tomography were included in this study. Dual‐energy computed tomography findings, plane computed tomography findings, disease severity, laboratory data, and clinical features were compared between two groups: a critical group (18 patients) and a non‐critical group (30 patients).ResultsThe dual‐energy computed tomography results indicated that the percentage of flow loss was significantly higher in the critical group compared with the non‐critical group (P < 0.001). Additionally, our data demonstrated that thrombotic risk was associated with differences in clinical characteristics (P = 0.018). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the percentage of flow loss, evaluated using dual‐energy computed tomography, could predict severity in the critical group with 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity. However, there were no significant differences in the receiver operating characteristic values for dual‐energy computed tomography and plane computed tomography.ConclusionDual‐energy computed tomography can be used to associate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia with high accuracy. Further studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
Spektroskopische Eigenschaften eines biologisch‐relevanten [Fe2(μ‐O)2] Diamond‐Core‐Motivs mit einem kurzen Eisen‐Eisen‐Abstand
Authors: Kass Dustin , Yao Shenglai , Krause Konstantin B. , Corona Teresa , Richter Liza , Braun Thomas , Mebs Stefan , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger , Lohmiller Thomas , Limberg Christian , Drieß Matthias , Ray Kallol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDieisen‐Kofaktoren in Enzymen vollziehen diverse anspruchsvolle Transformationen. Die Strukturen hoch‐valenter Intermediate (Q in der löslichen Methanmonooxygenase und X in der Ribonukleotidreduktase) sind Gegenstand aktueller Diskussionen, seit Fe‐Fe‐Abstände von 2.1–3.4 Å eine Zuordnung zu geöffneten und geschlossen Kernen mit verbrückenden oder terminalen Oxido‐Gruppen in den aktiven Zentren ermöglichen. In dieser Studie berichten wir die kristallografische und spektroskopische Charakterisierung eines FeIII2(μ‐O)2‐Komplexes (2) mit tetraedrischen (4C) Zentren sowie einem geringen Fe‐Fe‐Abstand (2.52 Å), der in Lösungsmitteln beständig ist. 2 zeigt eine große Fe‐K‐Vorkanten‐Intensität. Diese resultiert aus der starken Asymmetrie an den TD‐FeIII‐Zentren bedingt durch die kurzen Fe‐μ‐O‐Bindungen. Während ein Fe‐Fe‐Abstand von ≈2.5 Å für sechsfach‐koordinierte Zentren in Q und X unwahrscheinlich ist, könnte ein Fe2(μ‐O)2‐Kern mit vierfacher (oder möglicherweise auch fünffacher) Koordination flexibel genug sein, um eine kurze Fe‐Fe‐Separierung mit großer Vorkanten‐Intensität zu ermöglichen. Diese Erkenntnis kann dazu beitragen, dass weitere Modelle für die Strukturen der hoch‐valenten Dieisen‐Intermediate, die sich im Zuge der biologischen O2‐Aktivierung bilden, in Betracht gezogen werden.