bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Distress and Negative Emotions in Post-COVID Infection: A Comparative Study of the COVID and NO-COVID Young Patients
Authors: Ranieri Jessica , Guerra Federica , Cilli Eleonora , Martelli Alessandra , Capuani Anika , Di Giacomo Dina 
Published: May 2023

According to the literature, mental health assumed urgent relevance, and several scholars are debating on the enduring of the neurological and psychiatric symptoms in post COVID patients. Our study aimed to investigate the emotional dimensions in young population to the COVID exposition: primary endpoint was to detect the psychological distress up to 3 months in post-COVID-19. A comparative study was conducted among young adults in Italy. We also assessed dysphoria, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, pessimism, and positive personality traits. The participants were 140 Italian young aged 18–30 years (mean = 22.1, SD ± 2.65; 65.0% female). The sample was distinguished in two groups: COVID and NO-COVID groups. The results revealed that young who have been exposed to COVID-19 infection evidenced emotional vulnerability by higher psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress), dysphoria signs (irritability, discontent, interpersonal resentment, and feelings of renunciation/surrender) then No COVID-19 infection young. Furthermore, COVID patients showed higher negative emotions about the expected life, uncertain for future, and loss of motivation (characterized no desires) than NO-COVID infection. In conclusion, the vulnerability of young exposed to COVID infection even in mild severity should be considered as emerging unmet need of mental health recovering: urgent health policy actions to boost the psychological, biological and social strategic pillar for young generation.
Characteristics of Public Health Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Lessons Learned From the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Armstrong David P. , Moore Jean 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Little research has compared the demographic and practice characteristics of registered nurses (RNs) who work in public health (PH RNs) with other RNs and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who work in public health (PH APRNs) with other APRNs. We examined differences in characteristics between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs. Methods: Using the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (N = 43 960), we examined demographic and practice characteristics, training needs, job satisfaction, and wages of PH RNs compared with other RNs and PH APRNs compared with other APRNs. We used independent sample t tests to determine significant differences between PH RNs and other RNs and between PH APRNs and other APRNs. Results: On average, PH RNs and PH APRNs earned significantly less than other RNs ($7082 difference) and APRNs ($16 362 difference) (both P < .001). However, their job satisfaction was comparable. PH RNs and PH APRNs were also significantly more likely than other RNs and APRNs to report the need for more training in social determinants of health (20 [ P < .001] and 9 [ P = .04] percentage points higher, respectively), working in medically underserved communities (25 and 23 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]), population-based health (23 and 20 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]), and mental health (13 and 8 percentage points higher, respectively [ P < .001 for both]). Conclusions: Efforts that expand public health infrastructure and workforce development must consider the value of a diverse public health nursing workforce to protect community health. Future studies should include more detailed analyses of PH RNs and PH APRNs and their roles.
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile of type 2 diabetic subjects: A parallel group randomized clinical trial of efficacy
Authors: C. Afiaenyi Ifeoma , K. Ngwu Elizabeth , M. Okafor Adaobi , Ayogu Rufina NB 
Published: May 2023

Background There is a paucity of information on the antidiabetic potential of graded amounts of Moringa leaves on diabetes human subjects. Aim To ascertain the effeccts of Moringa leaves on type 2 diabetic subjects’ blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile levels in a rural Nigerian community. Methods This study adopted a parallel group randomized control design. Participants included 40 adult male and female diabetic subjects who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups. The control group was fed diets without Moringa oleifera leaves while the experimental groups received 20, 40, and 60 g of Moringa leaves respectively daily for 14 days in addition to the diets. The subjects’ baseline data and post-intervention data were collected before and after the intervention, respectively. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test and analysis of covariance. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results The mean fasting blood glucose levels in all the groups did not differ significantly from one another. Group 3 had significantly ( p = 0.01) lower mean systolic pressure (from 136.40 ± 7.66 to 123.90 ± 13.82) after the intervention. Group 3 subjects had a significant ( p = 0.04) increase in their triglyceride values (from 123.80 ± 53.69 before intervention to 151.20 ± 41.47) after intervention. After adjusting for the pre-intervention values, there was no significant ( p > 0.05) difference in all the parameters at the end of the intervention. Conclusion There were marginal improvements in the parameters assessed which were not dose-dependent.
A quality improvement initiative to increase adult ECMO decision-making abilities in a perfusion education program: The use of 3D ECMO simulation
Authors: McIntyre Angela , Schroder Garrett , Amadi Adannaya , Jimenez Michael , Marflak John , Dell’Aiera Laura , Fitzgerald David 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Adult and pediatric ECMO procedures have been increasingly established as conventional life-saving modalities in critical care services across the world. Since 2017, a multidisciplinary team of program advisors for our perfusion education program have aimed to increase cardiovascular perfusion (CVP) student ECMO exposure and improve clinical decision-making. In this QI intervention, the use of 3D computer-based simulation was assessed in establishing a standardized process to improve the diagnosis and treatment of adult ECMO complications among first year CVP students. Methods The Califia 3D Patient Simulator was incorporated into the curriculum for first year CVP students ( n = 26) along with traditional lecture for the adult ECMO complication laboratory session. Pre-class knowledge assessments using de-identified polling software were compared to post-class assessments following the first assigned learning activity. Assessments from students that received simulation before lecture (SIM, n = 15) were compared to students receiving lecture before simulation (LEC, n = 11). User experience questionnaires (UEQ) consisting of 26 questions for six scales of simulation instruction were administered to measure the comprehensive impression of the student experience. Results Overall median [IQR] pre- and -post knowledge assessment scores were 74% [11] and 84% [11], respectively ( p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in pre-class assessment scores between the SIM and LEC groups (74.0% and 74.0%, respectively, p = 0.959). The LEC group achieved higher median post-assessment scores than the SIM group (84% vs 79%, p = 0.032). Among the 26 UEQ survey scales, 23 were positively evaluated (>0.8), and three were a neutral evaluation (−0.8 to 0.8). Cronbach Alpha-Coefficients of >0.78 were measured for attractiveness, perspicuity, efficacy, and stimulation. The coefficient for dependability was 0.37. 25 (96.2%) students indicated that 3D simulation was beneficial to improving ECMO clinical decision-making. Conclusions In this QI intervention, the implementation of computer-based 3D simulation following lecture was perceived by learners to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of ECMO-related complications.
Real-world retrospective review of monotherapy following platinum-based chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Uchida Hideaki , Obinata Daisuke , Takada Shogo , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi , Mochida Junichi , Yamaguchi Kenya , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: May 2023

Objective To compare estimated survival times of patients who had received maintenance monotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM), or an immuno-oncology (IO) drug (i.e., pembrolizumab or avelumab) or both therapies (one after the other) following platinum-based combination chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a real-world setting. Methods For this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients with metastatic UC who had received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy followed by second-line treatment at our centre from March 2008 to June 2020. Results Of the 74 patients identified, 58 had received monotherapy as second line treatment, and 16 had received combination chemotherapy (i.e., non-monotherapy). The estimated median duration of survival was significantly longer in the monotherapy group compared with the non-monotherapy group (29 vs 7 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the outcome of the first-line chemotherapy treatment was the most important prognostic factor for survival. There was no significant difference in survival times between monotherapy with GEM or IO drugs. In addition, survival was significantly prolonged when GEM therapy was administered following IO drugs compared with GEM therapy alone. Conclusion Monotherapy following primary chemotherapy for advanced UC significantly prolonged survival times, and IO drug therapy remained effective when followed by GEM single agent maintenance therapy.
Biomarker-Concordant Steroid Administration in Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019
Authors: Tekin Aysun , Domecq Juan P. , Valencia Morales Diana J. , Surapeneni Krishna Mohan , Zabolotskikh Igor B. , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Clevenbergh Philippe , Mesland Jean-Baptiste , Claure-Del Granado Rolando , Gavidia Oscar Y. , Kumar Vishakha K. , Kashyap Rahul , Walkey Allan J. , Gajic Ognjen , Odeyemi Yewande ,   From the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group
Published: May 2023

Background Although corticosteroids have become the standard of care for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on supplemental oxygen, there is growing evidence of differential treatment response. This study aimed to evaluate if there was an association between biomarker-concordant corticosteroid treatment and COVID-19 outcomes. Methods This registry-based cohort study included adult COVID-19 hospitalized patients between January 2020 and December 2021 from 109 institutions. Patients with available C-reactive protein (CRP) levels within 48 h of admission were evaluated. Those on steroids before admission, stayed in the hospital for <48 h, or were not on oxygen support were excluded. Corticosteroid treatment was biomarker-concordant if given with high baseline CRP ≥150 mg/L or withheld with low CRP (<150 mg/L) and vice-versa was considered discordant (low CRP with steroids, high CRP without steroids). Hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using varying CRP level thresholds. The model interaction was tested to determine steroid effectiveness with increasing CRP levels. Results Corticosteroid treatment was biomarker-concordant in 1778 (49%) patients and discordant in 1835 (51%). The concordant group consisted of higher-risk patients than the discordant group. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of in-hospital mortality were significantly lower in the concordant group than the discordant (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (C.I.)] = 0.71 [0.51, 0.98]). Similarly, adjusted mortality difference was significant at the CRP thresholds of 100 and 200 mg/L (odds ratio [95% C.I.] = 0.70 [0.52, 0.95] and 0.57 [0.38, 0.85], respectively), and concordant steroid use was associated with lower need for invasive ventilation for 200 mg/L threshold (odds ratio [95% C.I.] = 0.52 [0.30, 0.91]). In contrast, no outcome benefit was observed at CRP threshold of 50. When the model interaction was tested, steroids were more effective at reducing mortality as CRP levels increased. Conclusion Biomarker-concordant corticosteroid treatment was associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19.
The Association of Vaping With Social/Emotional Health and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in Adolescent and Young Adult Cohorts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oliver Alicia L. , Kossowsky Joe , Minegishi Machiko , Levy Sharon , Weitzman Elissa R. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Vaping is a major health risk behavior which often occurs socially. Limited social activity during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to worsening social and emotional health. We investigated associations among youth vaping, and reports of worsening mental health, loneliness, and relationships with friends and romantic partners (ie, social health), as well as perceived attitudes toward COVID-19 mitigation measures. Methods: From October 2020 to May 2021, a clinical convenience sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) reported on their past-year substance use, including vaping, their mental health, COVID-19 related exposures and impacts, and their attitudes toward non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 mitigation interventions, via a confidential electronic survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate associations among vaping and social/emotional health. Results: Of 474 AYA (mean age = 19.3 (SD = 1.6) years; 68.6% female), 36.9% reported vaping in the prior 12 months. AYA who self-reported vaping were more likely than non-vaping AYA to report worsening: anxiety/worry (81.1%; P = .036), mood (78.9%; P = .028), eating (64.6%; P = .015), sleep (54.3%; P = .019), family discord (56.6%; P = .034), and substance use (54.9%; P < .001). Participants who vaped also reported easy access to nicotine (63.4%; P < .001) and cannabis products (74.9%; P < .001). No difference in perceived change in social wellbeing was seen between the groups. In adjusted models, vaping was associated with symptoms of depression (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.06-3.29), less social distancing (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.11-2.98), lower perceived importance of proper mask wearing (AOR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.50-6.93), and less regular use of masks (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.29-6.84). Conclusions: We found evidence that vaping was associated with symptoms of depression and lower compliance with non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 mitigation efforts among AYA during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transiting Back Home: Caregivers’ Lived Experiences in Caring for Loved Ones on the Nasogastric Tube in the Home-Setting in Singapore
Authors: Loke Samantha Xin Yu , Chew Esther Yin Hui , Siew An Ling , Glass George Frederick , Chan Ee Yuee 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Little is understood about caregivers’ lived experiences when first caring for patients on the nasogastric tube at home in an Asian setting. To enhance understanding, our study aimed to chart these caregivers’ psycho-emotional evolutions felt during such caregiving experiences in Singapore. Method: Utilizing purposive sampling, a descriptive phenomenological study was performed, with semi-structured interviews of 10 caregivers of persons on nasogastric tube feeding conducted. Thematic analysis was utilized. Results: Our findings chart four psycho-emotional transitions of a caregiver’s journey in nasogastric tube feeding and the cultural dynamics involved—(a) Disruption of Caregivers’ Normality: Attempting to Grasp Reality, (b) Encountering Road-Blocks: Despondency Arises and Frustrations Abound, (c) Adjusting to the New Normal: Reclaiming Confidence and Positivity, (d) Thriving and Integrating into the New Normal, and (e) Cultural Dynamics At Play. Discussion: Our findings illuminate the understanding of caregivers’ varying needs, guiding delivery of culturally-congruent caregiver support targeted at each psycho-emotional evolution.
Self- and Other-Orientation in High Rank: A Cultural Psychological Approach to Social Hierarchy
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Miyamoto Yuri 
Published: May 2023

Social hierarchy is one fundamental aspect of social living, structuring interactions in families, teams, and entire societies. In this review, we put forward a cultural psychological approach to social hierarchy, positing that rank differences are embedded within larger cultural meaning systems, which shape how high rank is attained or conferred and how social hierarchy affords behavior and psychology. We then examine manifestations of hierarchy in two cultural meaning systems: Western and East Asian cultural contexts. Accumulating evidence on collective, interpersonal, and individual processes suggests cultural similarities in self-orientation but cultural differences in other-orientation of high-ranking individuals. Such literature reveal how thought and behavior within social hierarchies and cultural beliefs, values, and norms mutually constitute each other. We close with a discussion of how the present review is a stepping stone for future research and of remaining questions to further advance social hierarchy research across wider and more diverse cultural contexts. Public Abstract Social hierarchy is one fundamental aspect of human life, structuring interactions in families, teams, and entire societies. In this review, we put forward a new theory about how social hierarchy is shaped by the wider societal contexts (i.e., cultures). Comparing East Asian and Western cultural contexts, we show how culture comprises societal beliefs about who can raise to high rank (e.g., become a leader), shapes interactions between high- and low-ranking individuals (e.g., in a team), and influences human thought and behavior in social hierarchies. Overall, we find cultural similarities, in that high-ranking individuals are agentic and self-oriented in both cultural contexts. But we also find important cross-cultural differences. In East Asian cultural contexts, high-ranking individuals are also other oriented; they are also concerned about the people around them and their relationships. We close with a call to action, suggesting studying social hierarchies in more diverse cultural contexts.
Trends in prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in 38,825 adults over 36 years in Tromsø prospective study
Authors: Desai Trishna , Clarke Robert , Ross Stephanie , Grimsgaard Sameline , Njølstad Inger , Lewington Sarah 
Published: May 2023

Aims/Background: Serial blood pressure surveys in cohort studies can inform public health policies to control blood pressure for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Mean levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were collected in six sequential surveys, involving 38,825 individuals aged 30–79 years (51% female), between 1979 and 2015 in the Tromsø Study in Norway. Mean levels of SBP, prevalence of hypertension and use of blood pressure-lowering treatment were estimated by age, sex and calendar year of survey. Results: Age-specific mean levels of SBP in each decade of age increased by 20–25 mmHg in men and 30–35 mmHg in women and the prevalence of hypertension increased from 25% to 75% among adults aged 30–79 years. Among successive cohorts of adults aged 40–49 years at the time of the six surveys between 1979 and 2015, the mean levels of SBP declined by about 10 mmHg and the prevalence of hypertension declined from 46% to 25% in men and from 30% to 14% in women. The proportion of individuals with hypertension who were treated increased sixfold (from 7% to 42%) between 1979 and 2015, and the proportion of adults with hypertension that were successfully controlled also increased sixfold from 10% to 60% between 1979 and 2015. Conclusions: Although this study demonstrated a halving in the age-specific prevalence of hypertension in men and women and a sixfold increase in treatment and control of hypertension, the burden of hypertension remains high among older people in Norway.
Do Pregnant Women Perceive Being Counseled About Nutrition by Healthcare Providers? A Cross-Sectional Study of the Recall and Satisfaction of Nutrition Counseling of Patients Throughout the Course of Their Pregnancy
Authors: Jackson Hayn , Stickler Erin , Biddle Sara , Trilk Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2023

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics identifies a balanced diet and appropriate weight gain as two important components of a healthy pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recall of pregnant women about nutrition counseling provided by their healthcare provider during their pregnancy. We conducted an anonymous, voluntary survey using online software for women who had recently given birth and were less than 2 weeks postpartum. Discrete variables were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Analyses were carried out using R statistical software. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < .05. Of 201 postpartum women surveyed, 100 (49.8%) recall receiving nutrition counseling during pregnancy, while 101 (50.2%) did not recall receiving nutrition counseling. Notably, 73% of women who were counseled about nutrition during pregnancy changed their behavior based on provider advice. These findings suggest that approximately half of women polled recall receiving nutrition counseling during the pregnancy, and that there are crucial opportunities for providers to influence positive behavior change in their patients. Additional research is needed to determine perceptions of providers’ counseling and potential needs in providers’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward nutrition counseling, particularly across different demographic groups and social determinants of health.