bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Evidence of Testicular Damage in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Sonoelastography's Potential Role
Authors: Dündar İlyas , Özkaçmaz Sercan , Demir Murat , Özgökçe Mesut , Durmaz Fatma , Özkaçmaz Ayşe , Taken Kerem , Göya Cemil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the possible damage to the male reproductive system that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus causes by quantitatively measuring and comparing the tissue stiffness of the testis and epididymis with acoustic radiation force impulse sonoelastography in patients who have COVID-19 with a healthy control group. This prospective study was conducted between February and July 2021 with 65 cases. We used sonoelastography to evaluate male patients 18 years or older, who had applied to the urology clinic with nontesticular complaints, and were found to not have any underlying testicular pathology after a clinical-laboratory evaluation. The clinical-laboratory imaging findings and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test results of all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were reviewed from the hospital database. We measured the shear wave velocity values of the epididymis and the testes of 31 proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients and 34 healthy subjects and compared them with an independent t test. For the patient and control group subjects, the mean age was 37.55 ± 13.08 (23–71) and 40.5 ± 16.25 (18–81) years, respectively. The mean shear wave velocity values of the left-right and bilateral testes and epididymis of the patient group were statistically substantially higher (P ˂ 0.05) than in the control group. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, when the cutoff values for the bilateral testes and epididymis were determined as 1.39 and 1.64 m/s, respectively, the AUC was 77% to 73.4%, the sensitivity was 87% to 74%, and the specificity was 65% to 62%. Our findings show that testicular and epididymal tissue stiffness increased in patients with COVID-19. We recommend adding sonoelastography to urogenital examinations of male reproductive system in patients who are recovering from COVID-19.
Traditional Neuroma Management Strategies
Authors: Chou Jesse , Liston Jared M. , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: February 2023

Background
In this systematic review, the authors discuss traditional management strategies of neuromas. Surgical management can be described as either passive and ablative or active and reconstructive. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence supporting traditional management strategies in patients affected by neuromas.

Methods
The systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE databases using search terms related to neuromas and their surgical management. Studies involving targeted muscle reinnervation or regenerative peripheral nerve interface were excluded. Two reviewers selected the studies, evaluated their methodological quality, and retrieved data independently. This review was conducted in a manner consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Selected studies were analyzed for pain and functional outcomes.

Results
A total of 1064 articles were identified, and 22 studies were selected for review. Passive or ablative modalities for treatment of neuromata include excision of neuroma, excision with implantation into adjacent tissue, nerve caps, vein cap, and relocation nerve grafting. Active or reconstructive modalities that allow for nerve regeneration include hollow tube reconstruction, reconstruction with an allograft, and centrocentral nerve anastomosis.

Conclusions
Passive treatment modalities can offer reliable pain relief in appropriately selected patients but do not allow for nerve regeneration. As such active, reconstructive modalities should be used when possible.
Influence of Transforming Growth Factors beta 1 and beta 3 in the Scar Formation Process
Authors: Lee Joon Seok , Cho Hyun Geun , Lee Jeong Woo , Oh Eun Jung , Kim Hyun Mi , Ko Ung Hyun , Kang Minwoo , Shin Jennifer H. , Chung Ho Yun 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays an instrumental role in forming scars and keloids. TGF-β isoforms exhibit differential expression, indicating distinct wound healing and scar formation functions. However, the role of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in wound healing and scar formation remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the specific roles of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in wound healing and scar formation by biomolecular analysis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted by cell isolation and culture cells from a total of 20 human samples. Normal human fibroblasts (NHF) were isolated from normal human samples and myofibroblasts from the different scar types, namely hypertrophic (HT) and keloid (K) scars. NHF and cells from the HT, and K scar, each of which were divided into 3 sample groups: the untreated control, TGF-β1 (10 µg/mL)-treated group, and TGF-β3 (10 µg/mL)-treated group. The results of confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting experiments were compared.

Results:
Both the HT and K groups had higher α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression than the NHF group in the untreated control group. In comparison with the untreated group, NHFs showed a significant increase in α-SMA expression in the TGF-β1-treated group. HT showed a high α-SMA level, which was statistically significant compared with the normal fibroblasts. In the TGF-β3-treated group, α-SMA expression was slightly increased in NHF as compared with the untreated group. TGF-β3 treated HT exhibited a greater reduction in α-SMA expression than in the TGF-β1 treated HT. K, on the other hand, had only a minimal effect on the treatment of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that TGF-β3 may play a regulatory role in the wound repair process, which could be useful in the development of scar-reducing therapies for patients with scar-related cosmetic concerns.
Apert Syndrome Type III Hand: Prevalence and Outcomes
Authors: Raposo-Amaral Cassio E. , Medeiros Lucas L. , Raposo-Amaral Cesar A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The Upton type III hand, which represents the most severe hand type among Apert syndrome patients, has been considered the least prevalent hand type. The objective of this study is to address type III Apert hand prevalence and describe treatment strategies that will result in a 5 digit hand.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed 15 years of Apert syndrome hand practice at our hospital. Demographic (patient sex and age at the time of the operation), surgical (eg, techniques used for webspace release, osteotomy, and various aspects of soft-tissue reconstruction), and outcome (perioperative and long-term complication and need for revision operation) data was verified through medical records, clinical photographs, radiographic images, and interviews with patients’ families. Patients who had incomplete medical records and/or postoperative follow up <6 months in length were excluded from this study.

Results:
A total of 93 Apert patients [50 male (56.1%) and 43 female (43.9%)] were treated at our hospital from 2007 to 2021. Stratification of Apert hand severity using Upton’s classification system identified 34 patients with type I hands (36.4%), 19 patients with type II hands (20.6%), and 40 patients with type III hands (43%). Of the 40 patients with type III hands a 5 digit hand was achieved for 35 patients (87%), with an average of 3.37 operations per patient.

Conclusions:
The Upton type III hand is the most prevalent hand type among Apert syndrome patients. Following a three stage protocol, a surgical team can consistently achieve a 5 digit hand for the majority of Apert syndrome patients with type III hands.
Preliminary Application Research of 3D Bioprinting in Craniofacial Reconstruction
Authors: Yan Yingjie , Zhang Ziwei , Han Wenqing , Sun Mengzhe , Kim Byeong Seop , Zhang Yan , Xu Haisong , Lei Dong , Chai Gang 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
In recent years, 3-dimensional (3D) printing has been widely used in regenerative medicine research and other fields because of its ability to customize macroscopic morphology and precisely control microstructure. Polymer scaffolds are 1 of the commonly used 3D bioprinting materials for defect repair and have recently been a research focus. Our article explored the bone-formation accelerating effect of 3D-printed porous scaffold Poly(glycerol sebacate) [PGS] in the critical bone defect of an enhancing rabbit mandibular model. Also, we overview and summarize the classification of 3D bioprinting materials and prospects for their various application scenarios in craniofacial reconstruction surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A PGS elastomer scaffold was prepared by polymerizing equimolar amounts of sebacic acid and glycerol using a biological 3D printer. Six male New Zealand white rabbits were prepared (3 for the control group and 3 for the PGS group), each weighing 3 kg. Osteotomy was performed at the anterior edge of the ascending ramus of the mandible with a bone saw to open the 8 mm defect. Defects of the control group were empty, and defects of the PGS group were put into 8 mm-wide PGS elastomer scaffolds. The rabbits were euthanized 6 weeks after the operation, and the postoperative mandibles were collected. Information (presence or absence of pus from infection, nonunion, degree of macroscopic bone healing) was recorded, and the skeletal tissue was fixed in a paraformaldehyde solution.

Results:
The mandible on the enhanced side was significantly longer than that on the opposite side, and the contralateral incisor was hyperplasia. The mandibles of rabbits in each group healed well, and there was no obvious local infection and purulence. The gross specimen appearance showed that both ends of the defect were connected. When comparing the reconstructed mandibles of the two groups, it is apparent that the width and thickness of the new bone in the PGS group were significantly better than that in the control group.

Conclusions:
This article verifies the effect of 3D polypore PGS scaffolds in animal craniomaxillofacial bone defects and introduces various application scenarios of 3D printing materials in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction surgery. There are quite good application prospects for 3D bioprinting in animal experiments and even clinical treatment of craniofacial defects.
A Feasible Technique for Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Through Vestibular Access Using a Single-port Technique
Authors: Karimov Ziya , Turk Yigit , Ozdemir Murat , Celik Servet , Bilge Okan , Frattini Francesco , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Makay Ozer 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a single-port system for transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy with vestibular access (TOETVA).

Materials and Methods:
Two embalmed human cadavers were used to test the single-port technique. After positioning, a median vestibular incision was made. Adipose tissue was dissected through the mentum with a Kelly clamp to reach the subplatysmal level. The Keyport Single Port System (Richard Wolf) was then inserted. After port placement, flexible endoscopic dissectors and a 5-mm endoscope were advanced. After removing the dissectors, we inserted the ArtiSential laparoscopic instruments. We also used a 3-port TOETVA on another human cadaver to compare the results with those of the single-port surgery.

Results:
In the first cadaver, skin tension was observed during trocar insertion and dissection. Trocar insertion resulted in skin perforation in the submental area. In the second cadaver, the single-port trocar was successfully inserted despite the significant skin tension. However, the trocar did not allow the necessary surgical maneuvers to proceed with subsequent surgical steps and create a working space. Postprocedural anatomic dissection revealed that the distal branches of the mental nerve were related to the trocar passage.

Conclusions:
Our cadaver study demonstrated that single-port TOETVA is unsafe and not feasible with the current technology of the Keyport single-port system. This approach needs to be improved to perform this technique without injury to distal branches of the mental nerve, skin perforation, and other complications.
Suction Drainage for Anastomotic Leakage After Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy
Authors: Lubbers Merel , van Det Marc J. , Crull David , van der Linden Andries , Vrij Anton A. , Kouwenhoven Ewout A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Anastomotic leakage is one of the most life-threatening complications after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (ILE), with various treatment strategies. Endoscopic techniques are emerging as a less invasive alternative to surgery. Among the current endoscopic techniques, a single placement of an endoluminal nasogastric tube inside the cavity with controlled suction drainage (SD) seems to be an attractive option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SD as treatment for anastomotic leakage after ILE.

Methods:
This retrospective analysis was performed among patients who underwent ILE in a high-volume esophageal cancer center in the Netherlands. Patients with an anastomotic leakage that received SD as primary treatment were selected. A nasogastric tube was endoscopically placed into the cavity of the leakage for controlled suction with 15 mm Hg.

Results:
A total of 34 patients received SD and was successful in 26 patients (77%). Seven patients (21%) developed empyema despite the SD for which additional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed. Mortality was 5.9% (2 patients) and median intensive care unit and hospital stay were 3 days (1 to 9) and 25 days (14 to 43), respectively. The median time to closure of the leak was 41 days (23 to 65). A total of 16 patients underwent home treatment for a median of 23 (14 to 42) days.

Conclusions:
Controlled SD seems to be an effective treatment for anastomotic leakage after ILE. This therapy can safely and effectively be completed in an ambulant, outpatient setting.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Duodenal Laterally Spreading Lesions is Feasible
Authors: Lian Jingjing , Wang Guoxiang , Li Shengxi , Chen Tao , He Lingnan , Xu Aiping , Xu Meidong 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for large laterally spreading lesions located in the descending duodenum based on multi-center experiences.

Methods:
This multicentric retrospective study included 3 hospitals in China. Fifty-one patients with laterally spreading lesions of the duodenum who underwent ESD between February 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. The en bloc resection rates, en bloc R0 resection rates, complication rates, and local recurrence after ESD were evaluated.

Results:
Of the 51 patients, the median age was 62 years old (ranging from 37 to 76 years old); among them, 29 were male and 22 were female. The average lesion size was 2.3 cm (ranging from 1.5 to 4.0 cm). All 51 lesions achieved en bloc R0 resection successfully, with the procedure time ranging from 20 to 117 min (median: 45.5 min). The hospital length of stay ranged from 4 to 90 days (median: 8.0 d). Two patients experienced delayed bleeding 3 days after ESD and 2 other patients were diagnosed with delayed perforation. Tumor residual and local recurrence did not occur during a short follow-up period.

Conclusions:
ESD for laterally spreading lesions of the descending duodenum is feasible.
Development and Validation of a Hypertension Risk Calculator for Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Helgeson Erika S. , Vempati Shruti , Palzer Elise F. , Mjoen Geir , Haugen Anders J. , Matas Arthur J. 
Published: February 2023

Background.
Ideally, when deciding whether to donate, kidney donor candidates would understand their long-term risks. Using single-center data (N = 4055; median [quartiles] follow-up: 18 [9–28] y), we developed a calculator for postdonation hypertension and validated it using long-term data from an external single-center cohort (N = 1189, median [quartiles] follow-up: 9 [5–17] y).

Methods.
Risk factors considered were routinely obtained at evaluation from donor candidates. Two modeling approaches were evaluated: Cox proportional hazards and random survival forest models. Cross-validation prediction error and Harrell’s concordance-index were used to compare accuracy for model development. Top-performing models were assessed in the validation cohort using the concordance-index and net reclassification improvement.

Results.
In the development cohort, 34% reported hypertension at a median (quartiles) of 16 (8–24) y postdonation; and in the validation cohort, 29% reported hypertension after 17 (10–22) y postdonation. The most accurate model was a Cox proportional hazards model with age, sex, race, estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, glucose, smoking history, family history of hypertension, relationship with recipient, and hyperlipidemia (concordance-index, 0.72 in the development cohort and 0.82 in the validation cohort).

Conclusions.
A postdonation hypertension calculator was developed and validated; it provides kidney donor candidates, their family, and care team a long-term projection of hypertension risk that can be incorporated into the informed consent process.
The Potential Pathogenicity of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in the Optic Pathway
Authors: Lerch Magdalena , Bauer Angelika , Reindl Markus 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an acquired inflammatory demyelinating disease with optic neuritis (ON) as the most frequent clinical symptom. The hallmark of the disease is the presence of autoantibodies against MOG (MOG-IgG) in the serum of patients. Whereas the role of MOG in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model is well-established, the pathogenesis of the human disease and the role of human MOG-IgG is still not fully clear.

Evidence Acquisition:
PubMed was searched for the terms “MOGAD,” “optic neuritis,” “MOG antibodies,” and “experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis” alone or in combination, to find articles of interest for this review. Only articles written in English language were included and reference lists were searched for further relevant papers.

Results:
B and T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of human MOGAD. The distribution of lesions and their development toward the optic pathway is influenced by the genetic background in animal models. Moreover, MOGAD-associated ON is frequently bilateral and often relapsing with generally favorable visual outcome. Activated T-cell subsets create an inflammatory environment and B cells are necessary to produce autoantibodies directed against the MOG protein. Here, pathologic mechanisms of MOG-IgG are discussed, and histopathologic findings are presented.

Conclusions:
MOGAD patients often present with ON and harbor antibodies against MOG. Furthermore, pathogenesis is most likely a synergy between encephalitogenic T and antibody producing B cells. However, to which extent MOG-IgG are pathogenic and the exact pathologic mechanism is still not well understood.
Is Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Truly a Universal Blood Product?
Authors: Brill Jason B , Mueck Krislynn M , Tang Brian , Sandoval Mariela , Cotton Madeline E , McCoy C Cameron , Cotton Bryan A 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Whole blood (WB) was historically transfused as a type-specific product. Given recent advocacy for low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) as a universal blood product, we examined outcomes after LTOWB transfusion stratified by recipient blood groups.

STUDY DESIGN:
Adult trauma patients receiving prehospital or in-hospital transfusion of LTOWB (11/17-07/20) at a single trauma center were prospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into blood groups (O, A, B, AB). Major complications and survival to 30 days were compared. Univariate analyses among blood groups were followed by purposeful regression modeling, reflecting 6 variables of significance: male sex, White race, injury severity, arrival lactate, arrival SBP, and ED blood products.

RESULTS:
Of 1075 patients receiving any LTOWB, 539 (50.1%) were Group O, 340 (31.6%) Group A, 150 (14.0%) Group B, and 46 (4.3%) Group AB. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, injury severity, hemolysis panels, prehospital vitals, or resuscitation parameters (all p>0.05). However, arrival systolic pressure was lower (91 vs 102, p=0.034) and lactate worse (5.5 vs 4.1, p=0.048) in Group B patients compared to other groups. While survival and most major complications did not differ across recipient groups, acute kidney injury (AKI) initially appeared higher for Group B. Stepwise regression did not show a difference in AKI rates. This analysis was repeated in patients receiving only component products. Group B again showed no significantly increased risk of AKI (13%) compared to other groups (O: 7%, A: 7%, AB: 5%; p=0.091).

CONCLUSIONS:
LTOWB appears to be a safe product for universal use across all blood groups. Group B recipients arrive with worse physiologic values associated with hemorrhagic shock whether receiving LTOWB or standard component products.
Lived experience of psychosis: challenges and perspectives for research and care
Authors: Sibeoni Jordan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
There is currently a recognition of the first-personal knowledge of people with lived experience of schizophrenia as an epistemic privilege that can influence and improve the quality of research and care. This review aims to identify and better understand the actual challenges and perspectives of this field.

Recent findings
Two main themes are present in the recent literature: first, the direct involvement of persons with lived experience of psychosis both in research (first person accounts, lived experience and participatory research) and care with the development of new professional positions such as expert patients and peer workers; second, the field of research on lived experience of psychosis based mostly on phenomenological psychiatry and qualitative research.

Summary
Both involvement of persons with lived experience in care and research, and research on lived experience of psychosis have direct impact and outcomes such as leading to a better understanding of psychotic phenomena and to reduced stigma and providing more person-centered and holistic care and better social support. This review also highlights the conceptual and ethical challenges to overcome, especially the risk of tokenism.