bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Capacity for Social Care Research—Individual-Level and Organisational Barriers Facing Practitioners
Authors: Pulman Andy , Fenge Lee-Ann 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To achieve a growth in practice-focused research, social care requires a solid infrastructure including a skilled research workforce, funding and a framework of national, strategic priorities. This article concerns practitioner researchers and developing the skills and support to enable practitioners to become active researchers within social care practice. It reports on findings from a study to develop a better understanding of the challenges of building capacity to undertake social care research in the South of England and the opportunities for building research engagement and capacity within local authorities (LAs) to include practitioner-led research. A qualitative approach was undertaken. Participants were practitioners working in LA social service departments. Participants completed an online questionnaire (n = 22), with a subsample (n = 6) interviewed. A semi-structured interview schedule collected positive and negative views of research experiences and of using research evidence. Individual-level and organisational research barriers were extracted as themes from the data and are described. The authors then discuss areas where practical ground level initiatives could be focused that might assist in developing a more positive research environment within social care organisations employing social workers and other practitioners.
Thalamostriatal disconnection underpins long-term seizure freedom in frontal lobe epilepsy surgery
Authors: Giampiccolo Davide , Binding Lawrence P , Caciagli Lorenzo , Rodionov Roman , Foulon Chris , de Tisi Jane , Granados Alejandro , Finn Roisin , Dasgupta Debayan , Xiao Fenglai , Diehl Beate , Torzillo Emma , Van Dijk Jan , Taylor Peter N , Koepp Matthias , McEvoy Andrew W , Baxendale Sallie , Chowdhury Fahmida , Duncan John S , Miserocchi Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Around 50% of patients undergoing frontal lobe surgery for focal drug-resistant epilepsy become seizure free post-operatively; however, only about 30% of patients remain seizure free in the long-term. Early seizure recurrence is likely to be caused by partial resection of the epileptogenic lesion, whilst delayed seizure recurrence can occur even if the epileptogenic lesion has been completely excised. This suggests a coexistent epileptogenic network facilitating ictogenesis in close or distant dormant epileptic foci. As thalamic and striatal dysregulation can support epileptogenesis and disconnection of cortico-thalamostriatal pathways through hemispherotomy or neuromodulation can improve seizure outcome regardless of focality, we hypothesize that projections from the striatum and the thalamus to the cortex may contribute to this common epileptogenic network.
To this end, we retrospectively reviewed a series of 47 consecutive individuals who underwent surgery for drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy. We performed voxel-based and tractography disconnectome analyses to investigate shared patterns of disconnection associated with long-term seizure freedom. Seizure freedom after 3 and 5 years was independently associated with disconnection of the anterior thalamic radiation and anterior cortico-striatal projections. This was also confirmed in a subgroup of 29 patients with complete resections, suggesting these pathways may play a critical role in supporting the development of novel epileptic networks.
Our study indicates that network dysfunction in frontal lobe epilepsy may extend beyond the resection and putative epileptogenic zone. This may be critical in the pathogenesis of delayed seizure recurrence as thalamic and striatal networks may promote epileptogenesis and disconnection may underpin long-term seizure freedom.
Multi-shell connectome DWI-based graph theory measures for the prediction of temporal lobe epilepsy and cognition
Authors: Garcia-Ramos Camille , Adluru Nagesh , Chu Daniel Y , Nair Veena , Adluru Anusha , Nencka Andrew , Maganti Rama , Mathis Jedidiah , Conant Lisa L , Alexander Andrew L , Prabhakaran Vivek , Binder Jeffrey R , Meyerand Mary E , Hermann Bruce , Struck Aaron F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome that empirically represents a network disorder, which makes graph theory (GT) a practical approach to understand it. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained from 89 TLE and 50 controls. GT measures extracted from harmonized DWI matrices were used as factors in a support vector machine (SVM) analysis to discriminate between groups, and in a k-means algorithm to find intrinsic structural phenotypes within TLE. SVM was able to predict group membership (mean accuracy = 0.70, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.747, Brier score (BS) = 0.264) using 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, k-means clustering identified 2 TLE clusters: 1 similar to controls, and 1 dissimilar. Clusters were significantly different in their distribution of cognitive phenotypes, with the Dissimilar cluster containing the majority of TLE with cognitive impairment (χ2 = 6.641, P = 0.036). In addition, cluster membership showed significant correlations between GT measures and clinical variables. Given that SVM classification seemed driven by the Dissimilar cluster, SVM analysis was repeated to classify Dissimilar versus Similar + Controls with a mean accuracy of 0.91 (AUC = 0.957, BS = 0.189). Altogether, the pattern of results shows that GT measures based on connectome DWI could be significant factors in the search for clinical and neurobehavioral biomarkers in TLE.
Anatomic considerations after commando double valve reconstruction: insights for future valve-in-valve therapies
Authors: Simpson Michael T , Kachel Matuesz , Mirza Farooq , Shea Nicholas J , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , George Isaac 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Commando technique for reconstruction of the aortomitral intervalvular fibrous body is effective to facilitate double valve surgery in cases of endocarditis or infiltrative calcification. The length of patch utilized in reconstruction of the intervalvular fibrous body has an important relationship to the geometry of the mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve (AV) and may impact on potential future valve-in-valve (VIV) therapy. Here we report anatomic measurements after Commando reconstruction in a small group of patients and analyse the impact of reconstruction techniques on transcatheter VIV therapies.

METHODS
Seven patients from January 2018 to April 2022 who underwent double valve surgery with the Commando technique with postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were identified. Computed tomographic reconstruction of the AV and MV was performed using 3mensio software and virtual transcatheter valve replacement was performed. Two of these patients who had preoperative imaging was analysed to assess the change in aortomitral geometry resulting from reconstruction.

RESULTS
Measurements for each patient post-reconstruction are given in the table. Aortomitral length was grossly inversely proportional to aortomitral angle (AMA). AMA and aortomitral curtain (AMC) length were significantly altered post-Commando in 2 analysed patients with pre- and postoperative computed tomography scan. Transcatheter AV and MV replacements were feasible in all patients post-Commando. The AMA was larger and more favorable for mitral VIV in patients in which the AMC was short.

CONCLUSIONS
AMC length, as determined by location of AV annular sutures, may be an important consideration in surgical decision-making for VIV after the Commando procedure.
The Core Curriculum for Cardiovascular Nurses and Allied Professionals
Authors: Neubeck Lis , Ross Catherine , Jones Jennifer , Simpson Maggie , Mindham Richard , Jaarsma Tiny , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Hinterbuchner Lynne , Astin Felicity 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This 2023 update of the Core Curriculum in Cardiovascular Nursing (2015) embraces the formation of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professionals and reflects the diverse professional backgrounds of our members, including nurses, allied health professionals, and healthcare scientists (in this document referred to collectively as Nurses and Allied Professionals).
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale
Authors: Kingir Zehra Betul , Sancar Mesut , Ay Pinar , Demirtunc Refik , Nuhoglu Cagatay , Misirli Cemile H , Okuyan Betul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale (FCMAHS) was developed to evaluate the hassles and concerns experienced by family caregivers in medication administration.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale (FCMAHS-TR).

Methods
The FCMAHS-TR was developed after translation, cultural adaptation, and a pilot study. The cross-sectional study was conducted among family caregivers (≥18 years) in community pharmacies. Test–retest reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Hypothesis testing was used for the assessment of construct validity.

Results
The majority (68.7%) of the family caregivers were female (n = 470). In the test–retest reliability analysis (n = 30), the ICC value was 0.917 (P &lt; 0.001). In EFA analysis (n = 251), the Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.799, 62.6% of the total variance was explained by five factors including eighteen items, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.836. According to CFA (n = 219), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.0654, and the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.918. In construct validity, family caregivers with low reading ability of health-related materials and with high care burden had significantly higher median scores for all the factors of the FCMAHS-TR (P &lt; 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
The FCMAHS-TR can be used to evaluate the hassle and concerns experienced by family caregivers in medication administration. This scale can be used by healthcare professionals to identify family caregivers who need individualized interventions for medication administration hassles.
Weight-adjusted waist index is not superior to conventional anthropometric indices for predicting type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Huaxin , Li Yao , Shi Jia , Li Kai , Zhao Yang , Shang Luxiang , Tang Baopeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a new anthropometric indicator to assess adiposity. Current knowledge regarding its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. This present study aims to evaluate the association of WWI with the risk of T2DM in the Japanese population, and to compare its predictive ability with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study involving 15,464 participants. Participants were divided into quartiles based on baseline WWI levels. Cox regression model, Kaplan–Meier curve, and smooth curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between WWI and T2DM. The discriminative ability of obesity indices in predicting T2DM was compared by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 6.05 years, 373 participants were diagnosed with T2DM. In fully adjusted models, the risk of incident T2DM was 1.96 times higher for each 1-unit increment in WWI levels (95% CI: 1.61–2.39, P &lt; 0.001). Smooth curve fitting analysis showed a linear positive association between baseline WWI and new-onset T2DM. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results which subjects in the 4th WWI quartile had the highest risk of developing T2DM in different age, gender, and BMI groups. WWI did not exhibit better predictive ability compared with BMI and WC in the results of ROC curve.

Conclusion
WWI, a new metabolic index, can be used to predict new-onset T2DM in the Japanese population. However, its predictive capability was not superior to conventional anthropometric indices.
Person-centred deprescribing for patients living with frailty: a qualitative interview study and proposal of a collaborative model
Authors: Peat George , Fylan Beth , Breen Liz , Raynor David K , Olaniyan Janice , Alldred David P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
(1) Present deprescribing experiences of patients living with frailty, their informal carers and healthcare professionals; (2) interpret whether their experiences are reflective of person-centred/collaborative care; (3) complement our findings with existing evidence to present a model for person-centred deprescribing for patients living with frailty, based on a previous collaborative care model.

Methods
Qualitative design in English primary care (general practice). Semi-structured interviews were undertaken immediately post-deprescribing and 5/6 weeks later with nine patients aged 65+ living with frailty and three informal carers of patients living with frailty. Fourteen primary care professionals with experience in deprescribing were also interviewed. In total, 38 interviews were conducted. A two-staged approach to data analysis was undertaken.

Key findings
Three themes were developed: attitudes, beliefs and understanding of medicines management and responsibility; attributes of a collaborative, person-centred deprescribing consultation; organisational factors to support person-centred deprescribing. Based on these findings and complementary to existing evidence, we offer a model for person-centred deprescribing for patients living with frailty.

Conclusions
Previous models of deprescribing for patients living with frailty while, of value, do not consider the contextual factors that govern the implementation and success of models in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel person-centred model for deprescribing for people living with frailty, based on our own empirical findings, and the wider evidence base.
A Potent Recombinant Polyclonal Antibody Therapeutic for Protection Against New Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Wayham Nicholas P , Niedecken Ariel R , Simons Jan Fredrik , Chiang Yao Y , Medina-Cucurella Angélica V , Mizrahi Rena A , Wagner Ellen K , Gras Ashley , Segal Ilana , Witte Peyton , Enstrom Alexis , Bountouvas Aristea , Nelson Sabrina M , Weinberger Tess , Tan David , Asensio Michael A , Subramanian Alagu , Lim Yoong Wearn , Adler Adam S , Keating Sheila M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possess mutations that prevent antibody therapeutics from maintaining antiviral binding and neutralizing efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) shown to neutralize Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral) strain have reduced potency against newer variants. Plasma-derived polyclonal hyperimmune drugs have improved neutralization breadth compared with mAbs, but lower titers against SARS-CoV-2 require higher dosages for treatment. We previously developed a highly diverse, recombinant polyclonal antibody therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin hyperimmune (rCIG). rCIG was compared with plasma-derived or mAb standards and showed improved neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 across World Health Organization variants; however, its potency was reduced against some variants relative to ancestral, particularly omicron. Omicron-specific antibody sequences were enriched from yeast expressing rCIG-scFv and exhibited increased binding and neutralization to omicron BA.2 while maintaining ancestral strain binding and neutralization. Polyclonal antibody libraries such as rCIG can be utilized to develop antibody therapeutics against present and future SARS-CoV-2 threats.
Understanding Religious-Organizational Marketization: The Case of the United States Mainline
Authors: Moberg Marcus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPast decades have witnessed an accelerating proliferation of managerial and market-associated discourses and imperatives across the traditional religious-organizational field. Based on theoretical perspectives on marketization, this article outlines a general analytical framework by which to approach, empirically investigate, and understand processes of organizational marketization as they unfold in contemporary religious-organizational settings. As illustrated by more recent developments among the Protestant mainline denominations in the United States, the article (1) provides a general sociological explanation for the primary reasons why processes of organizational marketization have been set in motion within the US mainline; (2) outlines the main ways and means by which such processes have tended to unfold; and (3) accounts for their main practical effects on current mainline organizational cultures and working routines.
The Labour Market Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Schotte Simone , Danquah Michael , Osei Robert Darko , Sen Kunal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we provide causal evidence of the immediate and near-term impact of stringent COVID-19 lockdown policies on employment outcomes, using Ghana as a case study. We take advantage of a specific policy setting, in which strict stay-at-home orders were issued and enforced in two spatially delimited areas, bringing Ghana's major metropolitan centres to a standstill, while in the rest of the country less stringent regulations were in place. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that the 3-week lockdown had a large and significant immediate negative impact on employment in the treated districts, particularly among workers in informal self-employment. While the gap in employment between the treated and control districts had narrowed 4 months after the lockdown was lifted, we detect a persistent nationwide decline in both earnings and employment, jeopardising particularly the livelihoods of small business owners mainly operating in the informal economy.
Are Budget Neutral Income Floors Fiscally Viable in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Lustig Nora , Jellema Jon , Martinez Pabon Valentina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use microsimulations to assess whether budget-neutral universal income floors are fiscally viable in twelve Sub-Saharan African countries. We consider three universal basic income scenarios of decreasing levels of generosity: poverty line, average poverty gap and current spending on transfers and subsidies per person. The first two may not be viable because the required increase in taxes to fulfil budget neutrality is significant.
Informality and Inequality: The African Case
Authors: David Anda , Diallo Yoro , Nilsson Björn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of labour markets in shaping inequalities, the literature linking the informal sector to income inequalities is scarce. In this article, we examine this linkage on the African continent, where informality has both been deemed a development curse, and lauded as a potential engine for growth. Recognising a multitude of mechanisms affecting both concepts, we investigate the link in two settings: using a panel of country data ranging from 1991 to 2015, and using a series of surveys on the informal sector from seven West African capitals. Focusing on the prism of social redistribution, we find evidence that a smaller informal sector has marginally contributed to reducing income inequalities but find no evidence that social redistribution has played a role in this evolution.
Tweeting the Holocaust: social media discourse between reverence, exploitation, and simulacra
Authors: Neiger Motti , Meyers Oren , Ben-David Anat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article explores the uses and abuses of traumatic memory within the context of the multifaceted discursive representation of the Holocaust on social media. Combining computational, quantitative, and qualitative methodologies, the article offers a comprehensive mapping of the mnemonic spectrum extending beyond memory work conducted during official commemorative occasions. To do so, we examined a unique case: the Twitter manifestations of one Hebrew expression—“and their collaborators” (ATC)—which echoes the Israeli “Law for punishing Nazis and their collaborators.” In contrast to the complete phrase, the truncated collocation appears in a variety of contexts across Hebrew Twitter. Thus, our investigation shows that alongside traditional awe-inspiring commemorative (“good”) uses of ATC, the conjunction between social media affordances and user practices brings to the discursive forefront exploitative political (“bad”) ATC uses and misuses that contribute to political polarization; and a plethora of playful and ironic (inappropriate-“ugly”) uses, that call for moral and aesthetic scrutiny.
Dynamic latent space relational event model
Authors: Artico I , Wit E C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic relational processes, such as e-mail exchanges, bank loans, and scientific citations, are important examples of dynamic networks, in which the relational events constitute time-stamped edges. There are contexts where the network might be considered a reflection of underlying dynamics in some latent space, whereby nodes are associated with dynamic locations and their relative distances drive their interaction tendencies. As time passes, nodes can change their locations assuming new configurations, with different interaction patterns. The aim of this manuscript is to define a dynamic latent space relational event model. We then develop a computationally efficient method for inferring the locations of the nodes. We make use of the expectation maximization algorithm, which embeds an extension of the universal Kalman filter. Kalman filters are known for being effective tools in the context of tracking objects in the space, with successful applications in fields such as geolocalization. We extend its application to dynamic networks by filtering the signal from a sequence of adjacency matrices and recovering the hidden movements. Besides the latent space, our formulation includes also more traditional fixed and random effects, thereby achieving a general model that can suit a large variety of applications.