bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement contributes to antibody-mediated protection against repeated SHIV challenge
Authors: Goldberg Benjamin S. , Spencer David A. , Pandey Shilpi , Ordonez Tracy , Barnette Philip , Yu Yun , Gao Lina , Dufloo Jérémy , Bruel Timothée , Schwartz Olivier , Ackerman Margaret E. , Hessell Ann J. 
Published: May 2023

The first clinical efficacy trials of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) resulted in less benefit than expected and suggested that improvements are needed to prevent HIV infection. While considerable effort has focused on optimizing neutralization breadth and potency, it remains unclear whether augmenting the effector functions elicited by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) may also improve their clinical potential. Among these effector functions, complement-mediated activities, which can culminate in the lysis of virions or infected cells, have been the least well studied. Here, functionally modified variants of the second-generation bNAb 10-1074 with ablated and enhanced complement activation profiles were used to examine the role of complement-associated effector functions. When administered prophylactically against simian-HIV challenge in rhesus macaques, more bNAb was required to prevent plasma viremia when complement activity was eliminated. Conversely, less bNAb was required to protect animals from plasma viremia when complement activity was enhanced. These results suggest that complement-mediated effector functions contribute to in vivo antiviral activity, and that their engineering may contribute to the further improvements in the efficacy of antibody-mediated prevention strategies.
Structure of the metazoan Rab7 GEF complex Mon1–Ccz1–Bulli
Authors: Herrmann Eric , Schäfer Jan-Hannes , Wilmes Stephan , Ungermann Christian , Moeller Arne , Kümmel Daniel 
Published: May 2023

The endosomal system of eukaryotic cells represents a central sorting and recycling compartment linked to metabolic signaling and the regulation of cell growth. Tightly controlled activation of Rab GTPases is required to establish the different domains of endosomes and lysosomes. In metazoans, Rab7 controls endosomal maturation, autophagy, and lysosomal function. It is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex Mon1–Ccz1–Bulli (MCBulli) of the tri-longin domain (TLD) family. While the Mon1 and Ccz1 subunits have been shown to constitute the active site of the complex, the role of Bulli remains elusive. We here present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of MCBulli at 3.2 Å resolution. Bulli associates as a leg-like extension at the periphery of the Mon1 and Ccz1 heterodimers, consistent with earlier reports that Bulli does not impact the activity of the complex or the interactions with recruiter and substrate GTPases. While MCBulli shows structural homology to the related ciliogenesis and planar cell polarity effector (Fuzzy–Inturned–Wdpcp) complex, the interaction of the TLD core subunits Mon1-Ccz1 and Fuzzy–Inturned with Bulli and Wdpcp, respectively, is remarkably different. The variations in the overall architecture suggest divergent functions of the Bulli and Wdpcp subunits. Based on our structural analysis, Bulli likely serves as a recruitment platform for additional regulators of endolysosomal trafficking to sites of Rab7 activation.
Differentiation of
Plasmodium
male gametocytes is initiated by the recruitment of a chromatin remodeler to a male-specific cis-element
Authors: Kaneko Izumi , Nishi Tsubasa , Iwanaga Shiroh , Yuda Masao 
Published: May 2023

Plasmodium
parasites, the causative agents of malaria, possess a complex lifecycle; however, the mechanisms of gene regulation involved in the cell-type changes remain unknown. Here, we report that gametocyte sucrose nonfermentable 2 (gSNF2), an SNF2-like chromatin remodeling ATPase, plays an essential role in the differentiation of male gametocytes. Upon disruption of
gSNF2
, male gametocytes lost the capacity to develop into gametes. ChIP-seq analyses revealed that gSNF2 is widely recruited upstream of male-specific genes through a five-base, male-specific cis-acting element. In
gSNF2
-disrupted parasites, expression of over a hundred target genes was significantly decreased. ATAC-seq analysis demonstrated that decreased expression of these genes correlated with a decrease of the nucleosome-free region upstream of these genes. These results suggest that global changes induced in the chromatin landscape by gSNF2 are the initial step in male differentiation from early gametocytes. This study provides the possibility that chromatin remodeling is responsible for cell-type changes in the
Plasmodium
lifecycle.
“The girl is on fire!”
Authors: Chovanec Jan , Tsakona Villy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article deals with online interactional humour in user
comments on YouTube. Drawing on an extensive dataset of verbal
reactions to a video discussing the (in)appropriateness of joking
about the 2019 burning of the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris, the
analysis traces how online commenters recontextualise
the disaster and how they jointly produce humorous interaction on a
sensitive topic. The analysis focuses on the emergence of joking threads, which consist of jokes
shared by the commenters and additional (non-)humorous metapragmatic
comments that develop the interaction in various directions. The
data reveal that commenters cooperatively engage in a rich range of humour-related practices on a socially sensitive
topic, which oscillate between disaster humour and religious
humour.
Co-constructing humour and gender identity in live stand-up
comedy
Authors: Linares Bernabéu Esther 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of kairos in female stand-up comedy, looking specifically
at the co-construction of humour between performer and audience.
Stand-up performers adapt their routines depending on their
audiences, trying to draw these into the performance through the use
of kairos, understood as the opportune
and unpredictable moments of persuasion in which comedians choose to
respond to and interact with their audience with the aim of
promoting a humorous effect (Greenbaum 1999; Medjesky 2017). In order to verify this
claim, the present study is an analysis of the FEMMES-UP corpus
(Linares Bernabéu,
2020), which comprises 15 humorous stand-up comedy
performances by 15 female Spanish comedians. The corpus has been
transcribed and segmented into 504 sequences, and we focus here on
113 of these, in all of which there is direct dialogue between the
comedian and one or more members of the audience. The findings show
that humour facilitates friendly interaction and helps comedians to
negotiate their identity. In fact, the stand-ups in these data use
kairos to adapt their speech in
light of how audiences respond. Overall, the research reported here
confirms that female stand-up comedy is a type of planned discourse,
and that it is used by comedians as a cultural and social tool in
terms of confrontation and resistance.
Fictional interaction in children’s humorous narratives
Authors: Timofeeva-Timofeev Larissa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper analyses the construction of fictional
interaction in humorous narratives written by children of 8, 10 and
12 years of age, as compiled in the CHILDHUM corpus. These
informants were asked to write a humorous story about an imaginary
school exchange program with Mars. The analysis will explore the
ways in which children shape their fictional conversational
interactions with Martians, and how the data that arise can be
correlated with the psychosocial and metalinguistic maturation of
the children. This preliminary qualitative study reveals that
children aged 8 demonstrate a certain degree of aggression towards
the image of Martians, whereas this tendency reduces in the
narratives of 10-year-olds. In regard to how they deal with the
orality vs. writing opposition, the 8-year-olds essentially write
like they speak, and once again it is by the age of 10 that a
turning point can be perceived towards a higher awareness of the
typographical conventions of the written representation of
orality.
Automated piezoresponse force microscopy domain tracking during fast thermally stimulated phase transition in CuInP2S6

*
Authors: Checa M , Kelley K P , Vasudevan R , Collins L , Jesse S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Real-time tracking of dynamic nanoscale processes such as phase transitions by scanning probe microscopy is a challenging task, typically requiring extensive and laborious human supervision. Smart strategies to track specific regions of interest (ROI) in the system during such transformations in a fast and automated manner are necessary to study the evolution of the microscopic changes in such dynamic systems. In this work, we realize automated ROI tracking in piezoresponse force microscopy during a fast (≈0.8 °C s−1) thermally stimulated ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in CuInP2S6. We use a combination of fast (1 frame per second) sparse scanning with compressed sensing image reconstruction and real-time offset correction via phase cross correlation. The applied methodology enables in situ fast and automated functional nanoscale characterization of a certain ROI during external stimulation that generates sample drift and changes local functionality.
All-printed multiplexed electrocatalytic biosensors with rationally designed nanoparticle inks
Authors: Li Xing , Yang Ming , Rao Ai , Su Yuming , Yang Taotao , Ye Yongqin , Wang Jiaxuan , Pan Shiyu , Chen Feng , Wang Bin , Luo Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing, capable of rapid and template-free fabrication with high resolution and low material waste, is a promising method to construct electrochemical biosensor devices. However, the construction of fully inkjet-printed electrochemical biosensor remains a challenge owing to the lack of appropriate inks, especially the sensing inks of bioactive materials. Herein, we demonstrate a fully inkjet-printed, integrated and multiplexed electrochemical biosensor by combining rationally designed nanoparticle Inks. The stable gold (Au) nanoparticles ink with lower sintering temperature is prepared by using L-cysteine as stabilizer, and it is used to print the interconnects, the counter electrodes, and the working electrodes. The SU-8 ink is used to serve as dielectric layer for the biosensor, whereas the silver electrode is printed on the Au electrode by using commercially silver nanoparticles ink before it is chlorinated to prepare Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Moreover, we synthesize an inkjet-printable and electroactive ink, by the ‘one-pot method’, which is composed of conductive poly 6-aminoindole (PIn-6-NH2) and gold–palladium (Au–Pd) alloy nanoparticle (Au–Pd@PIn-6-NH2) to enhance the sensing performance of gold electrode towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Especially, the amino groups in PIn-6-NH2 can be further used to immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactic acid oxidase (LOx) by glutaraldehyde to prepare printable sensing ink for the detection of glucose and lactate. The fully inkjet-printed electrochemical biosensor enabled by advanced inks can simultaneously detect glucose and lactate with good sensitivity and selectivity, as well as facile and scalable fabrication, showing great promise for metabolic monitoring.
Coupling conditions for linear hyperbolic relaxation systems in two-scale problems
Authors: Huang Juntao , Li Ruo , Zhou Yizhou 
Published: May 2023

This work is concerned with coupling conditions for linear hyperbolic relaxation systems with multiple relaxation times. In the region with a small relaxation time, an equilibrium system can be used for computational efficiency. The key assumption is that the relaxation system satisfies Yong’s structural stability condition [J. Differential Equations, 155 (1999), pp. 89–132]. For the non-characteristic case, we derive a coupling condition at the interface to couple two systems in a domain decomposition setting. We prove the validity by the energy estimate and Laplace transform, which shows how the error of the domain decomposition method depends on the smaller relaxation time and the boundary-layer effects. In addition, we propose a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) numerical scheme for solving the interface problem with the derived coupling condition and prove the

L
2

L^2

stability. We validate our analysis on the linearized Carleman model and the linearized Grad’s moment system and show the effectiveness of the DG scheme.
Enhanced diagnosis and prognosis of severe alcoholic hepatitis using novel metabolomic biomarkers
Authors: Horhat Adelina , Fischer Petra , Nicoara-Farcau Oana , Rusu Ioana , Morar Corina , Bumbu Andreea , Ignat Mina , Procopet Bogdan , Socaciu Carmen , Sparchez Zeno , Stefanescu Horia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim: Differentiating alcoholic hepatitis (AH) from acute decompensation of alcoholic cirrhosis (DC) is challenging, as the presentation and biochemistry are similar. We aimed to identify potential metabolomic biomarkers to differentiate between AH and DC, and to predict short-term mortality. Methods: We included consecutive biopsy proven AH and DC patients, which were managed according to current guidelines and followed up until the end of the study. Untargeted metabolomics was assessed in all patients at baseline. Specific analyses were successively performed to identify potential biomarkers, which were further semi-quantitatively analysed against relevant clinical endpoints. Results: Thirty-four patients with AH and 37 with DC were included. UHPLC-MS analysis identified 83 molecules potentially differentiating between AH and DC. C16-Sphinganine-1P (S1P) was the most increased, whereas Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was the most decreased. The PGE2/S1P ratio &lt; 1.03 excellently discriminates between AH and DC: AUC 0.965 (p &lt; 0.001), Se 90%, Sp 100%, PPV 0.91, NPV 1, and diagnostic accuracy 95%. This ratio is not influenced by the presence of infection (AUC 0.967 vs. 0.962), correlates with the Lille score at 7 days (r = −0.60; P = 0.022) and tends to be lower in corticosteroid non-responders as compared with patients who responded [0.85(±0.02) vs. 0.89(±0.05), P = 0.069]. Additionally, decreased ursodeoxycholic acid levels are correlated with MELD and Maddrey scores and predict mortality with a 77.27% accuracy (NPV = 100%). Conclusion: This study suggests the PGE2 (decreased)/S1P (increased) ratio as a biomarker to differentiate AH from DC. The study also finds that low levels of ursodeoxycholic acid could predict increased mortality in AH.
OC-019 LEVERAGING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO LABEL UNSTRUCTURED DATA FOR RISK PREDICTION
Authors: Amro C , Desai A , Dattatri P , Liu T , Hsu J Y , Broach R B , Ungar L H , Fischer J P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
Majority of clinical data is categorized into unstructured data, including operative notes containing unexplored key details yet to be incorporated into a surgical risk model. We sought to determine whether Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods could be implemented to systematically capture operative note features that can be considered for patient-specific risk modeling.

Methods
Operative notes describing abdominal wall closure for 8233 patients undergoing colorectal operations between 2013–2019 were obtained. A development dataset was manually generated for 600 patients including skin and fascia suture material, suture size, and closure pattern. These features were analyzed to train/test various NLP approaches and assess their corresponding accuracy.

Results
Of the remaining 7633 operative notes, assessment of suture type, size, and closure pattern for skin and fascia was analyzed by keyword search, regular expression, and RoBERTa 5-fold Cross Validation(CV). Overall, RoBERTa 5-fold CV demonstrated superiority in all feature extraction tasks. For fascial suture type, RoBERTa 5-fold CV achieved 92.1% accuracy, regular expression achieved 83.5%, and keyword search achieved 9.2%. For fascial suture size, RoBERTa 5-fold CV achieved 91.6% accuracy, regular expression achieved 89.4%, and keyword search achieved 81%. For fascial closure pattern, RoBERTa 5-fold CV achieved 91.4% accuracy, regular expression achieved 80.8%, and keyword search achieved 24.7%. Skin feature analysis also demonstrated superiority of RoBERTa 5-fold CV while assessing suture type, size, and closure pattern with 93.3%, 93.3%, and 84.9% accuracy, respectively.

Conclusions
NLP methods can be reliably used to label key features contained within unstructured datasets, enabling use in predictive modeling in medicine.
OC-034 SHORT- AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF TEMPORISING ABDOMINAL CLOSURE WITH VICRYL MESH IN CONTAMINATED AND INFECTED FIELDS
Authors: Schembari E , Woyton M , Hendra L , Richardson C , King A , Layfield D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
Abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) in contaminated fields is associated with surgical site morbidity &gt; 50% and high hernia recurrence rates. Patients undergoing surgery for intestinal failure are anatomically complex with fistulae+/-stomas within failed abdominal walls. Temporising the abdominal wall using vicryl mesh is an alternative to AWR. It avoids some of the morbidity of AWR however concern exists regarding persistent abdominal wall herniation longer-term. This study reports outcomes following temporising abdominal closure in contaminated fields.

Methods
Retrospective single-centre, observational study of all patients undergoing intestinal failure surgery in whom temporising abdominal closure was performed (2010–2019). Closure was achieved using 4-layers of vicryl mesh placed as an inlay, secured circumferentially using continuous absorbable suture.

Results
26 patients were included (VHWG Grade 3:n=23, VHWG 4:n=3). Indication for surgery was enterocutaneous fistulation (N=18), continuity restoration(n=6) and explantation of infected mesh(n=2). 15 had laparostomy wounds and 8 had surgical site herniation.
Median length of post-operative stay=31 days (range 11–161). Clavien Dindo&gt;3 occurred in 9 cases (34%). Surgical site occurrences complicated 5/26 (20%) cases with zero 90-day mortalities.
Median follow-up=25 months (range 4–118);6 patients were lost to follow-up (including 5 deaths from unrelated causes). There were zero fistula recurrences. 13/20 (65%) of patients developed notable persistent abdominal wall herniation however just 5 (25%) reported symptoms.

Conclusions
Temporising vicryl mesh closure is a simple method associated with low surgical site morbidity in contaminated fields. Despite persistent herniation re-fistulation rates are low and the majority of patients are free of abdominal wall morbidity at follow up.
OC-059 PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA REPAIR (PEHR) IN OCTOGENARIANS: THE RISKS OF WATCHFUL WAITING VERSUS ELECTIVE REPAIR
Authors: Wilson H , Ayuso S , Rose M , Polcz M , Ku D , Scarola G , Augenstein V , Colavita P , Heniford B T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
With an aging population, the utility of surgery in elderly patients, particularly octogenarians, is of increasing interest. Our goal was to analyze outcomes of those over 80 versus younger patients.

Methods
The Nationwide Readmission Database was queried for patients who underwent PEHR from 2016–2018. Exclusions included diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy, concurrent bariatric procedure, or age &lt;18. Patients 380 were compared to those 18–79 years old using standard statistical methods, with subgroup analysis of elective PEHR.

Results
From 2016–2018, 46,450 patients were identified: 5,425(11.7%) were 380 years old and 41,025(88.3%) were &lt;80 years old. The median age of octogenarians was 84[81, 87] and of younger patients was 64[54, 71]. Octogenarians were more likely to have an emergency operation(46.3% vs 18.2%,p&lt;0.001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed age380 was an independent predictor of readmissions at 30(OR=1.512[1.348–1.697],p&lt;0.001), 90(OR=1.451[1.314–1.603],p&lt;0.001), and 180(OR=1.471[1.341–1.613],p&lt;0.001) days but not of perioperative mortality(OR=1.373[0.962–1.959],p=0.081). Emergency procedure was an independent predictor of mortality for all patients(OR=3.180[2.492–4.057],p&lt;0.001). For only elective procedures, octogenarians had higher mortality(1.3% vs 0.2%,p&lt;0.001), longer LOS (3[2, 5] vs 2[1, 3] days,p&lt;0.001), and higher readmission rates at 30(11.1% vs 6.5%,p&lt;0.001), 90(16.0% vs 9.4%,p&lt;0.001), and 180(19.4% vs 11.5%,p&lt;0.001) days.

Conclusions
Octogenarians represented a substantial proportion of patients undergoing PEHR and were more likely to undergo an emergent operation. Being an octogenarian was not an independent predictor of perioperative mortality, but emergency status was. Octogenarians’ perioperative mortality rate was reduced in elective procedures but was still higher than younger patients. The decision for elective repair should involve a thorough risk/benefit analysis in octogenarians.
OC-082 LAPAROSCOPIC VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR WITH PHASIX ST, VENTRALIGHT, AND OMERA: 5 YEARS OUTCOME
Authors: Altowaijeri A , Aljomah N , Alshammari S , Binjaloud A , Aldohayan N , Aldohayan A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Permanent synthetic mesh is the standard mesh used in repairing the ventral hernia. The complication of the synthetic mesh opens the door to assessing the place of resorbable mesh and allocating the exact position. This work is to evaluate the usage of Phasix ST, Ventralight, and omera in repairing Ventral Hernia.

Methods
A retrospective study of the patient undergoing laparoscopic using Phasix ST, Ventralight, and omera mesh was approved by Institutional research board.

Results
Seventy patients included in this study. 18 males and 52 females. Mean age is 54.1 with 33.2 kg/m2. All surgeries were done in a single Institution by one surgeon. The average age of the patient is 54.2, with a 33.2 BMI. The patients were followed in the clinic or via telephone for 60 months. Phasix ST was used for 26 patients, omera for 14 patients, and, Ventralight for 30 patients. There are three recurrences in the Phasix ST group. Recurrence occurred in the center of the mesh for all patient with adhesion to the mesh and capture tackers. One fistula and omera group, and one recurrence in the Ventralight group.
Post-operative pain is better in the Phasix ST group. However, it was not statistically significant. The cost of Phasix ST is higher than the two meshes.

Conclusion
Polypropylene composite mesh showed comparable results as Phasix ST in pain. Omera causes fistula and severe adhesions. Further work is needed to compare different mesh, and polypropylene composite mesh remains to be the first line in the management.