bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact lens embedded holographic pointer
Authors: Robert François-Maël , Abiven Bernard , Sinou Maïna , Heggarty Kevin , Adam Laure , Nourrit Vincent , de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper we present an infrared laser pointer, consisting of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a diffractive optical element (DOE), encapsulated into a scleral contact lens (SCL). The VCSEL is powered remotely by inductive coupling from a primary antenna embedded into an eyewear frame. The DOE is used either to collimate the laser beam or to project a pattern image at a chosen distance in front of the eye. We detail the different SCL constitutive blocks, how they are manufactured and assembled. We particularly emphasize the various technological challenges related to their encapsulation in the reduced volume of the SCL, while keeping the pupil free. Finally, we describe how the laser pointer operates, what are its performances (e.g. collimation, image formation) and how it can be used efficiently in various application fields such as visual assistance and augmented reality.
A spectral preserved model based on spectral contribution and dependence with detail injection for pansharpening
Authors: Wu Lei , Jiang Xunyan , Peng Jia , Wu Guangsheng , Xiong Xiaozhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPansharpening integrates the high spectral content of multispectral (MS) images and the fine spatial information of the corresponding panchromatic (PAN) images to produce a high spectral-spatial resolution image. Traditional pansharpening methods compensate for the spatial lack of the MS image using the PAN image details, which easily causes spectral distortion. To achieve spectral fidelity, a spectral preservation model based on spectral contribution and dempendence with detail injection for pansharpening is proposed. In the proposed model, first, an efficacy coefficient (CE) based on the spatial difference between the MS and PAN images is designed to suppress the impact of the detail injection on the spectra. Second, the spectral contribution and dependence (SCD) between the MS bands and pixels are considered to strengthen the internal adaptation of the spectra. Finally, a spectrally preserved model based on CE and SCD is designed to force the fused image fidelity in spectra when the MS image is pansharpened with the details of the PAN image. Experimental results show that the proposed model is effective.
Bone-patellar tendon-bone versus two- and four-strand hamstring tendon autografts for ACL reconstruction in young adults: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Torsiello Ernesto , Trivellas Andromahi , Eschweiler Jörg , Hildebrand Frank , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), two- and four-strand hamstring tendon (4SHT and 2SHT, respectively) are the most common autografts used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The present study compared BPTB, 2SHT, and 4SHT for ACL reconstruction in terms of joint laxity, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), rate of failure and anterior knee pain (AKP). The time to return to sport and the peak torque between the autografts were also compared. Finally, prognostic factors leading to worse outcomes were also investigated. It was hypothesized that all grafts yield similar proprieties in terms of joint laxity, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and rate of failure, but that the BPTB autograft causes a greater rate of anterior knee pain (AKP). The literature search was conducted. All clinical trials comparing BTPB and/or 2SHT, and/or 4SHT were accessed. Grafts other than BTPB and/or 4SHT and/or 2SHT were not considered. Articles reporting outcomes of allografts or synthetic grafts were not eligible, nor were those concerning revision settings. Articles reporting ACL reconstruction in patients with multi-ligament damage were also not eligible. Data from 95,575 procedures were retrieved. The median length of follow-up was 36 months. The median age of the patients was 27.5 years. With regard to joint laxity, similarity was found in terms of Lachman and Pivot shift tests between all three autografts. The BPTB demonstrated the greatest stability in terms of instrumental laxity. BPTB demonstrated the greatest PROMs. BPTB demonstrated the greatest rate of AKP, while AKP in 2SHT and 4SHT was similar. Concerning failure, statistically significant inconsistency was found (P = 0.008). The 4SHT demonstrated the quickest return to sport, followed by BPTB, and 2SHT. There was evidence of a negative association between the time span between injury to surgery, Lysholm score (P = 0.04), and Tegner scale (P = 0.04). Furthermore, there was evidence of a weak positive association between the time span between injury to surgery and return to sport (P = 0.01). BPTB may result in lower joint laxity, greater PROMs, and greater peak flexion torque compared to 2SHT and 4SHT autografts. On the other hand, BPTB reported the lowest peak extension torque and the greatest rate of AKP. Finally, a longer time span between injury and surgery negatively influences outcome.
Pulmonary computed tomographic manifestations of COVID-19 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients
Authors: Askani Esther , Mueller-Peltzer Katharina , Madrid Julian , Knoke Marvin , Hasic Dunja , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Agarwal Prerana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze computed tomographic (CT) imaging features of vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients. The study population of this retrospective single-center cohort study consisted of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received a chest CT at the study site between July 2021 and February 2022. Qualitative scoring systems (RSNA, CO-RADS, COV-RADS), imaging pattern analysis and semi-quantitative scoring of lung changes were assessed. 105 patients (70,47% male, 62.1 ± 16.79 years, 53.3% fully vaccinated) were included in the data analysis. A significant association between vaccination status and the presence of the crazy-paving pattern was observed in univariate analysis and persisted after step-wise adjustment for possible confounders in multivariate analysis (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: [1.23, 2.62], P = 0.024). Scoring systems for probability assessment of the presence of COVID-19 infection showed a significant correlation with the vaccination status in univariate analysis; however, the associations were attenuated after adjustment for virus variant and stage of infection. Semi-quantitative assessment of lung changes due to COVID-19 infection revealed no association with vaccination status. Non-vaccinated patients showed a two-fold higher probability of the crazy-paving pattern compared to vaccinated patients. COVID-19 variants could have a significant impact on the CT-graphic appearance of COVID-19.
Comparative quality analysis and economic feasibility of solar assisted yogurt processing unit for decentralized dairy value chain
Authors: Husnain Syed Nabeel , Munir Anjum , Amjad Waseem , Majeed Faizan , Hensel Oliver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the lack of farm-gate milk processing facilities, dairy farmers have to sell raw milk, resulting in economic and quality compromises. The study compared the quality of yogurt processed in solar assisted yogurt processing unit with the existing milk value chain and its techno-economic feasibility. For this, an investigation of the experiment was executed where four different milk processing approaches were compared. The quality attributes for processed milk like fat (5.283%), solid-not-fat (9.0833%), salts (0.6833%), protein (3.8%), lactose (4.1%), total solids (14.383%), pH (6.87), density (1.031 kg/L) and freezing point (− 0.532 °C) were found within the standardized ranges. Similarly, for the case of yogurt, these attributes were found as fat (5.5%), solid-not-fat (8.683%), acidity (0.93%), lactose (4.73%), total solids (14.183%), pH (4.3433), density (1.039 kg/L) syneresis (9.87 mL/100 g), S. thermophilus count range (10.18–10.30 log cfu/mL) and L. bulgaricus count range (10.26–10.34 log cfu/mL). Moreover, no detection of coliform count in solar-processed yogurt, endorsed the current idea to perform three processes of heating, fermentation, and cooling in a single unit. Based on the energy sources utilized, the payback period was calculated to be 1.3–9 years with an expected lifespan of 15 years while in terms of product profit, the payback period was predicted to be 1.78 years. The processing cost per liter of milk for yogurt production was calculated to be 0.0189 USD. Considering CO2 emission savings, it is anticipated that a solar-powered yogurt processing unit can generate 107.73 MWh of useful energy during its operating life with zero CO2 emission.
Hybrid GWO-PSO based optimal placement and sizing of multiple PV-DG units for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement
Authors: Alyu Assen Beshr , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Khan Baseem , Eneh Joy Nnenna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDistributed generation (DG) is integrated in a passive distribution system to reduce power loss, improve voltage profile, and increase power output. To reap the most benefits of the distribution system, the best location and appropriate DG size must be determined. This paper presents a hybrid Grey wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for determining the best placement and DG size while considering a multi-objective function that includes active and reactive power loss minimization as well as voltage profile enhancement. Dilla distribution system was used as a case study and the weighted technique was used to convert to a single objective function while taking into account multiple constraints such as bus voltage limit, DG output limit, and branch current limit. DG penetration is limited to up 60% of the total active load on the feeder and a forward–backward sweep load flow algorithm was used to generate the load flow solutions. The findings of the study show that combining three PV-DGs (Case 3) is the best way to improve voltage profile and minimize losses. In addition, the proposed hybrid GWO-PSO algorithm performed better compared to the other four algorithms (Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), and sine cosine algorithm (SCA)) in terms of achieving the best multi-objective function (MOF) outcome.
Analysis of intrinsic evolutionary factors leading to microendemic distributions in New Caledonian leaf beetles
Authors: Platania Leonardo , Gómez-Zurita Jesús 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroendemicity, or the condition of some species having local ranges, is a relatively common pattern in nature. However, the factors that lead to this pattern are still largely unknown. Most studies addressing this issue tend to focus on extrinsic factors associated with microendemic distributions, such as environmental conditions, hypothesising a posteriori about underlying potential speciation mechanisms, linked or not to these conditions. Here, we use a multi-faceted approach mostly focusing on intrinsic factors instead, namely diversification dynamics and speciation modes in two endemic sibling genera of leaf beetles with microendemic distributions,TaophilaandTricholapita, in a microendemicity hotspot, New Caledonia. Results suggest that the diversification rate in this lineage slowed down through most of the Neogene and consistently with a protracted speciation model possibly combined with several ecological and environmental factors potentially adding rate-slowing effects through time. In turn, species accumulated following successive allopatric speciation cycles, possibly powered by marked geological and climatic changes in the region in the last 25 million years, with daughter species ranges uncorrelated with the time of speciation. In this case, microendemicity seems to reflect a mature state for the system, rather than a temporary condition for recent species, as suggested for many microendemic organisms.
Modelling the effects of social distancing, antiviral therapy, and booster shots on mitigating Omicron spread
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Mendoza Renier , Mendoza Victoria May P. , Lee Jacob , Seo Yubin , Jung Eunok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the COVID-19 situation changes because of emerging variants and updated vaccines, an elaborate mathematical model is essential in crafting proactive and effective control strategies. We propose a COVID-19 mathematical model considering variants, booster shots, waning, and antiviral drugs. We quantify the effects of social distancing in the Republic of Korea by estimating the reduction in transmission induced by government policies from February 26, 2021 to February 3, 2022. Simulations show that the next epidemic peak can be estimated by investigating the effects of waning immunity. This research emphasizes that booster vaccination should be administered right before the next epidemic wave, which follows the increasing waned population. Policymakers are recommended to monitor the waning population immunity using mathematical models or other predictive methods. Moreover, our simulations considering a new variant’s transmissibility, severity, and vaccine evasion suggest intervention measures that can reduce the severity of COVID-19.
Body composition predicts hypertension using machine learning methods: a cohort study
Authors: Nematollahi Mohammad Ali , Jahangiri Soodeh , Asadollahi Arefeh , Salimi Maryam , Dehghan Azizallah , Mashayekh Mina , Roshanzamir Mohamad , Gholamabbas Ghazal , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Bazrafshan Hanieh , Bazrafshan drissi Hamed , Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe used machine learning methods to investigate if body composition indices predict hypertension. Data from a cohort study was used, and 4663 records were included (2156 were male, 1099 with hypertension, with the age range of 35–70 years old). Body composition analysis was done using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); weight, basal metabolic rate, total and regional fat percentage (FATP), and total and regional fat-free mass (FFM) were measured. We used machine learning methods such as Support Vector Classifier, Decision Tree, Stochastic Gradient Descend Classifier, Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Histogram-based Gradient Boosting, Bagging, Extra Tree, Ada Boost, Voting, and Stacking to classify the investigated cases and find the most relevant features to hypertension. FATP, AFFM, BMR, FFM, TRFFM, AFATP, LFATP, and older age were the top features in hypertension prediction. Arm FFM, basal metabolic rate, total FFM, Trunk FFM, leg FFM, and male gender were inversely associated with hypertension, but total FATP, arm FATP, leg FATP, older age, trunk FATP, and female gender were directly associated with hypertension. AutoMLP, stacking and voting methods had the best performance for hypertension prediction achieving an accuracy rate of 90%, 84% and 83%, respectively. By using machine learning methods, we found that BIA-derived body composition indices predict hypertension with acceptable accuracy.
Immunomodulatory effects of trans-anethole-treated Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain
Authors: Kwiatkowski Paweł , Rogulska Karolina , Pruss Agata , Sienkiewicz Monika , Dołęgowska Barbara , Wojciechowska-Koszko Iwona 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn our former studies based on a human whole-blood model infected with trans-anethole (TA)-treated Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain, we have observed that selected parameters/mechanisms of innate and acquired immune response were more enhanced in comparison to samples infected with non-treated bacteria. Due to this observation, the current study aimed to evaluate the concentration of selected proteins involved in both types of responses (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, C5a, CCL1—CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9—CXCL11, MMP-8, TLR2, and PGLYRP1) in healthy participants' plasma after blood stimulation of TA-treated S. aureus Newman strain. Determination of analyzed protein concentration was conducted using Luminex and ELISA assays. Based on the results, it has been proven that the immunomodulatory potential of TA-treated S. aureus Newman strain on increasing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, G-CSF, C5a, CCL2—CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2, MMP-8 and PGLYRP1 levels in plasma. Moreover, it has been also demonstrated an association between TNF-α and CCL4 in a blood model infected with TA-treated cells. More research is warranted to find more underlying mechanisms involved in the effects of TA-treated S. aureus Newman in human blood, mainly whether the observed “immunity boost” can be regulated after bacteria elimination. Therefore, the potential of TA should be further explored to understand under which conditions it might help treat or prevent infections caused by S. aureus.
Functional significance of vertical free moment for generation of human bipedal walking
Authors: Negishi Takuo , Ogihara Naomichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn human bipedal walking, the plantar surface of the foot is in contact with the floor surface, so that a vertical free moment (VFM), a torque about a vertical axis acting at the centre-of-pressure due to friction between the foot and the ground, is generated and applied to the foot. The present study investigated the functional significance of the VFM in the mechanics and evolution of human bipedal walking by analysing kinematics and kinetics of human walking when the VFM is selectively eliminated using point-contact shoes. When the VFM was selectively eliminated during walking, the thorax and pelvis axially rotated in-phase, as opposed to normal out-of-phase rotation. The amplitudes of the axial rotation also significantly increased, indicating that the VFM greatly contributes to stable and efficient bipedal walking. However, such changes in the trunk movement occurred only when arm swing was restricted, suggesting that the VFM is critical only when arm swing is restrained. Therefore, the human plantigrade foot capable of generating large VFM is possibly adaptive for bipedal walking with carrying food, corroborating with the so-called provisioning hypothesis that food carrying in the early hominins is a selective pressure for the evolution of human bipedalism.
Structural and functional analysis of the newt lymphatic system
Authors: Banda Chihena H. , Shiraishi Makoto , Mitsui Kohei , Okada Yoshimoto , Danno Kanako , Ishiura Ryohei , Maemura Kaho , Chiba Chikafumi , Mizoguchi Akira , Imanaka-Yoshida Kyoko , Maruyama Kazuaki , Narushima Mitsunaga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegeneration competent vertebrates such as newts and salamanders possess a weakened adaptive immune system characterized by multiple connections between the lymphatic system and the blood vascular system called lymphatic hearts. The role of lymphatic vasculature and these lymphaticovenous connections in regeneration is unknown. We used in-vivo near-infrared lymphangiography, ultra-high frequency ultrasonography, micro-CT lymphangiography, and histological serial section 3-dimentional computer reconstruction to evaluate the lymphatic territories of Cynops pyrrhogaster. We used our model and supermicrosurgery to show that lymphatic hearts are not essential for lymphatic circulation and limb regeneration. Instead, newts possess a novel intraosseous network of lymphatics inside the bone expressing VEGFR-3, LYVE-1 and CD-31. However, we were unable to show Prox-1 expression by these vessels. We demonstrate that adult newt bone marrow functions as both a lymphatic drainage organ and fat reservoir. This study reveals the fundamental anatomical differences between the immune system of urodeles and mammals and provides a model for investigating lymphatics and regeneration.
Serum cobalt and chromium concentration following total hip arthroplasty: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Pilone Marco , Bell Andreas , Merfort Ricarda , Giorgino Riccardo , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present systematic review investigated the concentration of chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in serum in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA). The first outcome of interest was to investigate the mean concentration in serum of Cr and Co using different material combinations and to verify whether their concentrations change significantly using different patterns of head and liner in THA. The second outcome of interest was to investigate whether the time elapsed from the index surgery to the follow-up, BMI, sex, and side exert an influence on the mean concentration of Cr and Co in serum in patients who have undergone THA. The following material combinations were investigated (head-liner): Ceramic-Co Cr (CoCr), CoCr-CoCr, CoCr-Polyethylene, CoCr high carbide-CoCr high carbide. Data from 2756 procedures were retrieved. The mean length of follow-up was 69.3 ± 47.7 months. The ANOVA test evidenced good comparability in age, length of follow-up, BMI, and sex (P > 0.1). In patients who have undergone THA, the mean concentration in the serum of Co ranged between 0.5 µg/L and 3.5 µg/L, and the mean concentration of Cr from 0.6 to 2.6 µg/L. The difference in the concentration of Co and Cr in serum is strictly related to the implant configuration, with the coupling CoCr-CoCr showing the highest and CoCr-Polyethylene showing the lowest concentration. Patient characteristics, BMI, sex, side and the time elapsed from the index surgery to the last follow-up did not exert a significant influence on the concentration of Co and Cr in serum in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Landscape and future directions of machine learning applications in closed-loop brain stimulation
Authors: Chandrabhatla Anirudha S. , Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Horgan Taylor M. , Wat Elizabeth K. , Ksendzovsky Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrain stimulation (BStim) encompasses multiple modalities (e.g., deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation) that utilize electrodes implanted in deep brain structures to treat neurological disorders. Currently, BStim is primarily used to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson’s, though indications are expanding to include neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia. Traditional BStim systems are “open-loop” and deliver constant electrical stimulation based on manually-determined parameters. Advancements in BStim have enabled development of “closed-loop” systems that analyze neural biomarkers (e.g., local field potentials in the sub-thalamic nucleus) and adjust electrical modulation in a dynamic, patient-specific, and energy efficient manner. These closed-loop systems enable real-time, context-specific stimulation adjustment to reduce symptom burden. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a vital component in designing these closed-loop systems as ML models can predict / identify presence of disease symptoms based on neural activity and adaptively learn to modulate stimulation. We queried the US National Library of Medicine PubMed database to understand the role of ML in developing closed-loop BStim systems to treat epilepsy, movement disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both neural and non-neural network ML algorithms have successfully been leveraged to create closed-loop systems that perform comparably to open-loop systems. For disorders in which the underlying neural pathophysiology is relatively well understood (e.g., Parkinson’s, essential tremor), most work has involved refining ML models that can classify neural signals as aberrant or normal. The same is seen for epilepsy, where most current research has focused on identifying optimal ML model design and integrating closed-loop systems into existing devices. For neuropsychiatric disorders, where the underlying pathologic neural circuitry is still being investigated, research is focused on identifying biomarkers (e.g., local field potentials from brain nuclei) that ML models can use to identify onset of symptoms and stratify severity of disease.