bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Vegetation Indices for Urban Tree Segmentation in Street View Images
Authors: Arevalo-Ramirez Tito , Alfaro Anali , Saavedra José M. , Recabarren Matías , Ponce-Donoso Mauricio , Delpiano José 
Published: January 2023

<p>Urban forests play a crucial role in the development of cities because of the urban ecosystem services they provide. Previous works have alleviated urban forest monitoring by discriminating tree species and performing tree inventories using street view images and convolutional neural networks. However, the characterization of trees from street-view images remains a challenging task. Determining tree structural parameters has been limited because of inaccurate tree segmentation caused by combined, occluded, or leaf-off trees. Therefore, the current work evaluates the potential of vegetation indices derived from red, green, blue, and synthesized near-infrared and red-edge spectral bands for urban tree segmentation. In particular, we attempt to show whether or not vegetation indices add relevant information to deep neural segmentation networks when there are low fine-tuning training samples. A conditional adversarial network generates red-edge and near-infrared images in urban environments, which retrieve an average structural similarity index of 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, we note that by using appropriate multispectral vegetation indices, one can boost the average intersection over the union between 5.07 % to 13.7 %. Specifically, we suggest the SegFormer segmentation network pre-trained with the CityScapes dataset and Red Edge Modified Simple Ration index for improving urban tree segmentation. However, if no multispectral data is available, the DeepLabV3 network pre-trained with the ADE20k dataset is suggested because it could achieve the best RGB outcomes average IoU value of 0.671. </p>
Electrode Effects in mmWave Frequency Multilayer Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
Authors: Peng Wenhao 
Published: January 2023

<p>Electrodes are placed in acoustic resonators to set electrical boundary conditions, and they inevitably are acoustically part of the structure for a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator that affect both its electromechanical coupling coefficient and its quality factor. In this work, a modal analysis is performed to obtain a closed-form expression for electromechanical coupling coefficient from material constants. The impact on electromechanical coupling coefficient effects due to the characterstic acoustic impedance of electrodes is observed in half wavelength per layer structures. Thermoelastic damping (TED) has been identified as the dominant acoustic loss mechanism in conductors. In this work, acoustic quality factors due to TED for common metals in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing are calculated to facilitate the observation of the quality factor effects of electrodes. It is observed that there are different strengths among characteristic acoustic impedance, acoustic quality factor, and electrical conductivity in different electrode metals.</p>
Design of Anomalous Reflectors by Phase Gradient Unit Cell Based Digitally Coded Metasurface
Authors: Raju Malleboina , Dash Jogesh Chandra , Sarkar Debdeep 
Published: January 2023

<p>In this letter, we propose the designs of 1-bit and 2-bit digitally coded metasurfaces, which achieve anomalous reflection-based beam-steering. First, we demonstrate the systematic design flow of coded metasurface using phase gradient digital unit cells to achieve anomalous reflection in the preferred direction for a normally incident plane wave. Initially, the design procedure is analytically implemented to get the phase profiles for 1-bit and 2-bit digitally coded metasurfaces having equal sizes of $10\lambda_0 \times 10\lambda_0$ (where $\lambda_0$ is the free space wavelength at $5.9$ GHz) for a specific reflection angle, $(\theta_r=30^0,\phi_r=0^0)$, and subsequently, the far-field plots are generated. Furthermore, these phase profiles are used to generate 3D-CAD models of the 1-bit and 2-bit metasurfaces using CST, and the desired far-field patterns are obtained having half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of $5^0$. It is observed that the 1-bit coded metasurface produces additional side-lobe levels, which are minimized by use of 2-bit coding. Finally, the proposed 1-bit and 2-bit coded metasurfaces are fabricated, and the anomalously reflected far-field beam is detected by the received power at desired reflection angle and comparing the results with a perfect electric conductor (PEC). The proposed design is suitable for V2X communications and can be scaled to other frequencies.</p>
Optical gyroscopes, reflection mirrors, wavelength interleavers and filters using Sagnac interference in integrated photonics
Authors: Moss David 
Published: January 2023

<p>As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). Here, we present our latest results for functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. We outline the theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. We present our latest results for Sagnac interference devices realized in integrated photonic chips, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, and optical analogues of quantum physics. </p>
Penerapan Media Kancing Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan pada Anak di TPA Fathina
Authors: Ulfah St. Maria 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan di TPA Fathina kabupaten Majene. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui media kancing pada anak TPA Fathina kabupaten Majene yang berjumlah 15 anak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 dalam dua siklus, dimana masing-masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Siklus I terdiri dari lima pertemuan , demikian pula halnya dengan Siklus II. Hasil penelitian di TPA Fathina mengalami peningkatan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui media kancing dengan melihat rata-rata hasil belajar pada siklus I berada pada kategori kurang mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II dengan berada pada kategori baik
MODELLING THE PERFORMANCE OF A CAMEL MILK STORAGE STRUCTURE WITH EVAPORATIVE COOLING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Obuoro Wayua Francis , Wandayi Okoth Michael 
Published: January 2023

Storage and marketing of camel milk in arid lands of Kenya is hampered by lack of cold storage facilities. This problem can be alleviated by using storage structures incorporating evaporative cooling whose performance depends on climatic conditions. The objective of this work was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict cooled milk temperature and cooling efficiency of a locally fabricated cooler. Data were obtained from the cooler which was tested under various experimental conditions. Using some of the experimental data for training, a three-layer feed-forward ANN model based on back propagation Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was developed using the Neural Network Toolbox for MATLAB®. The optimal model had a 4-4-2 structure with sigmoid transfer function in both layers. The inputs of the model were ambient dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, wind speed and temperature of drip water, whereas the outputs were cooled milk temperature and cooling efficiency. The experimental data set (n=165) was randomly divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) sub-sets. The performance of the ANN predictions was evaluated by comparing the predicted and experimental results. The predictions agreed well with experimental values with mean squared error of 10.2, mean relative error of 4.02% and correlation coefficients in the range of 0.86-0.93. This study reveals that, as an alternative to conventional modelling techniques, the ANN approach can be used successfully for predicting the performance of locally fabricated camel milk storage structures incorporating evaporative cooling in arid pastoral areas of Kenya. The model can be used as a design tool to estimate the sizing and performance of future coolers, as it allows the prediction of the performance of hypothetical coolers designed without a need for time demanding experimentation. This can aid in up-scaling the technology.
MODELING SUBSOILING DRAFT REQUIREMENTS USING DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: S.O. Abich , A.N. Gitau , D. M. Nyaanga 
Published: January 2023

Increased conventional tillage of farming operations has increased soil compaction. The objective of this study was to model the effects of soil compaction on draft force of sub soiling silt loam soils using dimensional analysis. A factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Block design was used in the study. Experiments were conducted on 18 plots to investigate the effect of five-wheel pass (1, 2, 3, 4. 5) and control treatments on soil mechanico-physical properties at 0 - 20, 20 - 20 and 30 - 40 cm depths with three replications. The data obtained from the experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and the student t-test. Dimensional analysis was investigated for its draft prediction accuracy. It was concluded that the prediction ability of the model was satisfactory since its R2 value and RMSE were 0.8722 and 2.256 kN respectively.
ANALISA PERUBAHAN TERENCANA ORGANISASI DALAM SUKSESI BISNIS KELUARGA PADA PT.TUNGGAL JAYA
Authors: Setiyawati Ummi Azizah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract: A family business is built to last a long time to come. The regeneration that has been running now needs to be developed and evaluated to improve the success of family business leaders in the current family business struggle in managing family businesses that have been successful by analyzing the roles of leaders and managers of family businesses in PT. Tunggal Jaya. This research uses qualitative methods and the data collection is done by interviewing the main sources and taking surveys of several prospective successors. In this study, researchers tried to study planned change with the Kurt Lewin theory method which was implemented in companies as an analysis of the success of a family business in developing a company and managing the company. From the results of interviews conducted it can be seen from the leaders of the company and parties associated with the company at PT. Tunggal Jaya through technological developments, global competition and demographics that increase the adaptation of which company in the future. The presence of improved performance when employees discuss and embrace the company towards improving quality together to make commitments in the company

Keywords: Family Business, Employee Performance, Planned Change Organization
Facturación electrónica como obligación tributaria para los contribuyentes del régimen general en Portoviejo
Authors: Intriago Pinargote Helen Mileisha , Loor Loor Kerly Isabel , Cedeño Coya Jennifer Yuctemy 
Published: January 2023

El 18 de agosto del 2022, el Servicio de Rentas Internas emitió una resolución el cual a partir del 29 de noviembre del 2022 se autoriza el uso obligatorio del sistema de facturación electrónica en todo el Ecuador, mediadas adoptadas por el gobierno para coadyuvar y fortalecer el sistema tributario, debido aquello el contribuyente está obligado a emitir comprobantes de ventas, retención y documento complementario mediante mensaje de datos, las ventajas y desventajas que contempla la implementación del sistema de facturación electrónica son diversas, Por esta razón, el presente artículo está enfocado en el análisis bibliográfico y elaboración de encuesta desarrollada a un total de 84 negocios del cantón Portoviejo, con el objetivo de conocer la aceptación que tiene el contribuyente acerca del sistema de facturación electrónica, medidas impulsadas por el Régimen general del estado, no obstante, los resultados de la encuesta demuestran insatisfacción y rechazo del proyecto del sistema de facturación electrónica por parte del contribuyente y otras imposiciones como el pago de 60 dólares anuales y el incremento de la tabla del impuesto a la renta, también se observa, que no todo los contribuyentes del sector Portoviejo tiene acceso a un dispositivo con internet para ejecutar factura electrónica. Por ende, se sostiene la idea de que los primeros meses, ya una vez puesto en marcha dicho proyecto, se podría presenciar como una etapa de prueba, hasta que el contribuyente se adapte al sistema.
Ambientes educativos y aprendizaje significativo en los niños de inicial –Paucartambo - Pasco
Authors: Gamion Heredia Monica , Condori Contreras Shamira , Martínez Martínez Isabella Francheska Vanessa 
Published: January 2023

El estudio realizado que presentamos se define de que importantes son los espacios educativos para un aprendizaje significativo se planteó el objetivo que es Determinar cómo influyen los ambientes educativos en el aprendizaje significativo de los niños de Educación Inicial en la Región Pasco. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión sistemática en relación a las variables de estudio teniendo como referencia 20 revistar investigadas de los cinco últimos años. Se realizaron filtros por idiomas, años, publicaciones, para la búsqueda utilizamos, Scielo, luego se pasó a sistematizarlo el trabajo con el uso de palabras claves o los términos más empleador fueron Ambientes, factores de espacio, Exploración, Desplazamiento, (Montessori et al., 2021). La inquietud nos permite indagar que, sobre nuestro tema de espacios educativos, puesto que este problema de espacios o ambientes de aprendizaje es un problema mundial por los escasos aportaciones a la educación de los estudiantes
Estudio de caso de satisfacción sexual en mujeres durante su primer año de matrimonio
Authors: López Rodríguez Jazmín , Sánchez Soto Juan Manuel , Martínez Reyes Magally 
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio de caso explica los factores que originan el placer sexual en mujeres jóvenes que tienen menos de un año de casadas, per medio de una entrevista en donde la pregunta desencadenante fue “¿estas satisfecha con tu vida sexual?” del análisis se puede determinar que en base de una vida sexual plena en pareja es la comunicación, la confianza y el deseo de disfrutar y ver disfrutar a tu pareja, conocer, probar, y de construir lo que se considera incorrecto, muchas veces la educación y creencias detienen la capacidad de seguir aprendiendo, la poca información con la que han crecido o les han limitado, por considerar el acto sexual algo que se hace por compromiso o que solo el hombre debe disfrutar, que la excitación solo es mediante la penetración o que el acto sexual se trata solo de procrear y no un experiencia en la que los involucrados se sientan libres de disfrutar mutuamente. La importancia de las relaciones sexuales es llegar a un orgasmo lo que permite cumplir expectativas del el hombre y la mujer durante la relación y obtener placer, y conocer el cuerpo mutuamente de la pareja, identifica lo que les gusta el uno del y por ende respetando siempre su integridad, costumbres, y decisiones. Dar una buena educación sexual para conocer nuestro cuerpo, romper prejuicios y vivir una sexualidad plena en pareja. Es importante señalar que el cuidado de sexualidad forma parte de la salud integral del individuo proporcionando un bienestar físico, psicológico y social.
On Averaging Eccentric Orbits: Implications for the Long-term Thermal Evolution of Comets
Authors: Gkotsinas Anastasios , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Raymond Sean N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the common approximations in long-term evolution studies of small bodies is the use of circular orbits averaging the actual eccentric ones, facilitating the coupling of processes with very different timescales, such as the orbital changes and the thermal processing. Here we test a number of averaging schemes for elliptic orbits in the context of the long-term evolution of comets, aiming to identify the one that best reproduces the elliptic orbits’ heating patterns and the surface and subsurface temperature distributions. We use a simplified thermal evolution model applied on simulated comets both on elliptic and on their equivalent averaged circular orbits, in a range of orbital parameter space relevant to the inner solar system. We find that time-averaging schemes are more adequate than spatial-averaging ones. Circular orbits created by means of a time average of the equilibrium temperature approximate efficiently the subsurface temperature distributions of elliptic orbits in a large area of the orbital parameter space, rendering them a powerful tool for averaging elliptic orbits.
CLEAR: Spatially Resolved Emission Lines and Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.6 < z < 1.3
Authors: Backhaus Bren E. , Bridge Joanna S. , Trump Jonathan R. , Cleri Nikko J. , Papovich Casey , Simons Raymond C. , Momcheva Ivelina , Holwerda Benne W. , Ji Zhiyuan , Jung Intae , Matharu Jasleen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate spatially resolved emission-line ratios in a sample of 219 galaxies (0.6 < z < 1.3) detected using the G102 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 taken as part of the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization survey to measure ionization profiles and search for low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN). We analyze [O iii] and Hβ emission-line maps, enabling us to spatially resolve the [O iii]/Hβ emission-line ratio across the galaxies in the sample. We compare the [O iii]/Hβ ratio in galaxy centers and outer annular regions to measure ionization differences and investigate the potential of sources with nuclear ionization to host AGN. We investigate some of the individual galaxies that are candidates to host strong nuclear ionization and find that they often have low stellar mass and are undetected in X-rays, as expected for low-luminosity AGN in low-mass galaxies. We do not find evidence for a significant population of off-nuclear AGN or other clumps of off-nuclear ionization. We model the observed distribution of [O iii]/Hβ spatial profiles and find that most galaxies are consistent with a small or zero difference between their nuclear and off-nuclear line ratios, but 6%–16% of galaxies in the sample are likely to host nuclear [O iii]/Hβ that is ∼0.5 dex higher than in their outer regions. This study is limited by large uncertainties in most of the measured [O iii]/Hβ spatial profiles; therefore, deeper data, e.g., from deeper HST/WFC3 programs or from JWST/NIRISS, are needed to more reliably measure the spatially resolved emission-line conditions of individual high-redshift galaxies.
Detection of Quasiperiodic Oscillations in the Blazar S4 0954+658 with TESS
Authors: Kishore Shubham , Gupta Alok C. , Wiita Paul J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report the detection of several quasiperiodicities around 0.6–2.5 days in the optical emission of the blazar S4 0954+658. The source was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite in six sectors and it showed these features in all but one of them, with a quasiperiodic oscillation of 1.52 days apparently present in portions of four of them. We used the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram method to search for significant signals and we confirmed them using a weighted wavelet transform for time–frequency domain analyses. We discuss several possible explanations for these rapid quasiperiodic variations and suggest that an origin in the innermost part of the accretion disk is most likely. Within this framework, we provide estimates for the mass of the black hole at the core of this blazar.
Magnetic-field Induced Deformation in Hybrid Stars
Authors: Rather Ishfaq A. , Rather Asloob A. , Lopes Ilídio , Dexheimer V. , Usmani A. A. , Patra S. K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effects of strong magnetic fields on the deconfinement phase transition expected to take place in the interior of massive neutron stars are studied in detail for the first time. For hadronic matter, the very general density-dependent relativistic mean field model is employed, while the simple, but effective vector-enhanced bag model is used to study quark matter. Magnetic-field effects are incorporated into the matter equation of state and in the general-relativity solutions, which also satisfy Maxwell’s equations. We find that for large values of magnetic dipole moment, the maximum mass, canonical mass radius, and dimensionless tidal deformability obtained for stars using spherically symmetric Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations and axisymmetric solutions attained through the LORENE library differ considerably. The deviations depend on the stiffness of the equation of state and on the star mass being analyzed. This points to the fact that, unlike what was assumed previously in the literature, magnetic field thresholds for the approximation of isotropic stars and the acceptable use of TOV equations depend on the matter composition and interactions.
The Statistical Polarization Properties of Coherent Curvature Radiation by Bunches: Application to Fast Radio Burst Repeaters
Authors: Liu Ze-Nan , Wang Wei-Yang , Yang Yuan-Pei , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic radio transients with a millisecond duration and an extremely high brightness temperature. Very recently, some highly circularly polarized bursts were found in a repeater, FRB 20201124A. The significant circular polarization might be produced by coherent curvature radiation by bunches with the line of sight (LOS) deviating from the bunch central trajectories. In this work, we carry out simulations to study the statistical properties of burst polarization within the framework of coherent curvature radiation by charged bunches in the neutron star magnetosphere for repeating FRBs. The flux is almost constant within the opening angle of the bunch. However, when the LOS derives from the bunch opening angle, the larger the derivation, the larger the circular polarization but the lower the flux. We investigate the statistical distribution of circular polarization and flux of radio bursts from an FRB repeater, and find that most of the bursts with high circular polarization have a relatively low flux. Besides, we find that most of the depolarization degrees of bursts have a small variation in a wide frequency band. Furthermore, we simulate the polarization angle (PA) evolution and find that most bursts show a flat PA evolution within the burst phases, and some bursts present a swing of the PA.