bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DH5α Outer Membrane‐Coated Biomimetic Nanocapsules Deliver Drugs to Brain Metastases but not Normal Brain Cells via Targeting GRP94
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Chen Haiyan , Zeng Yuteng , Lv Ziyan , Hu Xiaoxiao , Tong Yang , Wang Pan , Zhao Mei , Mu Rui , Yu Ju , Chen Yanming , Wei Lin , Gu Jiang , Lan Qing , Zhen Xuechu , Han Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReceptor‐mediated vesicular transport has been extensively developed to penetrate the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and has emerged as a class of powerful brain‐targeting delivery technologies. However, commonly used BBB receptors such as transferrin receptor and low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1, are also expressed in normal brain parenchymal cells and can cause drug distribution in normal brain tissues and subsequent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Here, the endoplasmic reticulum residing protein GRP94 is found upregulated and relocated to the cell membrane of both BBB endothelial cells and brain metastatic breast cancer cells (BMBCCs) by preclinical and clinical investigations. Inspired by that Escherichia coli penetrates the BBB via the binding of its outer membrane proteins with GRP94, avirulent DH5α outer membrane protein‐coated nanocapsules (Omp@NCs) are developed to cross the BBB, avert normal brain cells, and target BMBCCs via recognizing GRP94. Embelin (EMB)‐loaded Omp@EMB specifically reduce neuroserpin in BMBCCs, which inhibits vascular cooption growth and induces apoptosis of BMBCCs by restoring plasmin. Omp@EMB plus anti‐angiogenic therapy prolongs the survival of mice with brain metastases. This platform holds the translational potential to maximize therapeutic effects on GRP94‐positive brain diseases.
Deep Learning‐Enabled Multiplexed Point‐of‐Care Sensor using a Paper‐Based Fluorescence Vertical Flow Assay
Authors: Goncharov Artem , Joung Hyou‐Arm , Ghosh Rajesh , Han Gyeo‐Re , Ballard Zachary S. , Maloney Quinn , Bell Alexandra , Aung Chew Tin Zar , Garner Omai B. , Carlo Dino Di , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultiplexed computational sensing with a point‐of‐care serodiagnosis assay to simultaneously quantify three biomarkers of acute cardiac injury is demonstrated. This point‐of‐care sensor includes a paper‐based fluorescence vertical flow assay (fxVFA) processed by a low‐cost mobile reader, which quantifies the target biomarkers through trained neural networks, all within <15 min of test time using 50 µL of serum sample per patient. This fxVFA platform is validated using human serum samples to quantify three cardiac biomarkers, i.e., myoglobin, creatine kinase‐MB, and heart‐type fatty acid binding protein, achieving less than 0.52 ng mL−1 limit‐of‐detection for all three biomarkers with minimal cross‐reactivity. Biomarker concentration quantification using the fxVFA that is coupled to neural network‐based inference is blindly tested using 46 individually activated cartridges, which shows a high correlation with the ground truth concentrations for all three biomarkers achieving >0.9 linearity and <15% coefficient of variation. The competitive performance of this multiplexed computational fxVFA along with its inexpensive paper‐based design and handheld footprint makes it a promising point‐of‐care sensor platform that can expand access to diagnostics in resource‐limited settings.
Single‐Atom Engineering of Covalent Organic Framework for Photocatalytic H2 Production Coupled with Benzylamine Oxidation
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhu Bicheng , Li Liuyi , Ho Wingkei , Wu Jinsong , Chen Haoming , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn photocatalysis, reducing the exciton binding energy and boosting the conversion of excitons into free charge carriers are vital to enhance photocatalytic activity. This work presents a facile strategy of engineering Pt single atoms on a 2D hydrazone‐based covalent organic framework (TCOF) to promote H2 production coupled with selective oxidation of benzylamine. The optimised TCOF‐Pt SA photocatalyst with 3 wt% Pt single atom exhibited superior performance to TCOF and TCOF‐supported Pt nanoparticle catalysts. The production rates of H2 and N‐benzylidenebenzylamine over TCOF‐Pt SA3 are 12.6 and 10.9 times higher than those over TCOF, respectively. Empirical characterisation and theoretical simulation showed that the atomically dispersed Pt is stabilised on the TCOF support through the coordinated N1‐Pt‐C2 sites, thereby induing the local polarization and improving the dielectric constant to reach the low exciton binding energy. These phenomena led to the promotion of exciton dissociation into electrons and holes and the acceleration of the separation and transport of photoexcited charge carriers from bulk to the surface. This work provides new insights into the regulation of exciton effect for the design of advanced polymer photocatalysts.
Revealing active Cu nanograins for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction through operando studies
Authors: Li Junjun , Sun Yajing , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCopper (Cu) has been regarded as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 into a multicarbon product. However, the catalytic mechanism and the active sites of Cu catalysts under operating conditions still remain elusive. Yang's team applied systematic operando characterization techniques to provide a quantitative analysis of the valence states and the chemical environment of Cu nanocatalysts under electrochemical reaction conditions, which clearly reveal the evolution of Cu nanocatalysts before and after the entire electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Babassu Mesocarp: A Sustainable Source for Obtaining Starch and New Products
Authors: Borges Lara Aguiar , Ramos Kazumi Kawasaki , Felisberto Mária Herminia Ferrari , Franciosi Eduardo Roxo Nobre , Efraim Priscilla 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBabassu mesocarp is a product generated during the processing of babassu fruit. That material is a valuable source of starch, which exhibits distinct properties. This review addresses the extraction methods, chemical composition, structure, morphology, properties, and potential uses of babassu mesocarp starch (BMS). In addition, comparisons with other conventional and nonconventional starch sources are also presented. Significant variations in the chemical composition of BMS are found by some authors. Morphological studies demonstrate that starch granules come in a variety of sizes, but the shape is mostly oval. Additionally, authors have observed C‐type crystallinity of babassu starches by X‐ray diffraction. Although native BMS has techno‐functional limitations and food applications have been poorly explored, their characteristics are like those of corn. This review provides the latest useful references about BMS and its usability in the food and nonfood industries and shows potential remarks to direct future research on BMS.
PM2.5 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Chang En‐Ming , Chao Chia‐Chia , Wang Mei‐Ting , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Chen Po‐Chun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is known as an incurable lung disorder with irreversible progression of chronic injury, myofibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and tissue scarring. Atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is implicated as a risk factor of several diseases, especially lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The molecular mechanism which participates PM2.5‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in type II alveolar cells (AEII) has yet to be determined. Our results proved that short‐ and long‐term exposure to PM2.5 significantly stimulated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) activity in AEII cells, according to, changes in gene signature analyzed by RNA‐seq and cell morphology. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis also suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction was related to progression of pulmonary fibrosis in AEII after PM2.5 exposure. We observed a marked decline in mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), as well as fragmented mitochondria, in AEII cells exposed to PM2.5, which suggests that energy metabolism is suppressed after PM2.5 exposure. We also confirmed that PM2.5 exposure could influence the expression levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1 in AEII. Pretreatment of mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 was able to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction as well as EMT in AEII. These data suggested the key role of mitochondrial fragmentation in AEII, which was induced by PM2.5 exposure, and participated pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we investigated the response of lung tissue exposed to PM2.5 in vivo. The data indicated that the lung tissue exposed to PM2.5 obviously induced collagen accumulation. Moreover, IHC results revealed that PM2.5 enhanced Drp1 expression but suppressed Mfn1 and Mfn2 expression in lung tissue. The current study provides novel insight of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM2.5 exposure.
Flame‐retardant, flexible, and breathable smart humidity sensing fabrics based on hydrogels for respiratory monitoring and non‐contact sensing
Authors: Yang Jinglan , Rong Limin , Huang Wenxi , Wu Zixuan , Ding Qiongling , Zhang He , Lin Yuanqing , Li Fan , Li Chunwei , Yang Bo‐Ru , Tao Kai , Wu Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmart sensing fabrics are becoming increasingly attractive in the emerging wearable areas of medical and military so far. Here, for the first time, we present a smart humidity sensing fabric (SHSF) based on a moisture‐sensitive polyacrylamide hydrogel for respiratory monitoring and non‐contact sensing. Fabricated by in situ cross‐linking of the hydrogel precursors on the fibers of the fabric, the flexible SHSF shows excellent sensitivity, outstanding flame retardance, air permeability, water retention capacity, and stability after treatment with lithium bromide solution. Specifically, its conductance increases more than 311 times as humidity increased from 11% to 98%. Besides, the humidity sensor features good repeatability and the ability to work normally under folding due to its flexible nature. As a clothing material, hydrogel–fabric composite exhibits 4.3 times the burning time compared to cotton fabric, illustrating better flame retardance. The SHSF is used to monitor human breathing and non‐contact finger approaching in real time, demonstrating its flexibility in practical applications. This work provides strategies for preparing high‐performance, flame‐retardant SHSF for emerging wearable electronic devices.
Neural Nets with a Newton Conjugate Gradient Method on Multiple GPUs
Authors: Reiz Severin , Neckel Tobias , Bungartz Hans-Joachim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTraining deep neural networks consumes increasing computational resource shares in many compute centers. Often, a brute force approach to obtain hyperparameter values is employed. Our goal is (1) to enhance this by enabling second-order optimization methods with fewer hyperparameters for large-scale neural networks and (2) to compare optimizers for specific tasks to suggest users the best one for their problem. We introduce a novel second-order optimization method that requires the effect of the Hessian on a vector only and avoids the huge cost of explicitly setting up the Hessian for large-scale networks.We compare the proposed second-order method with two state-of-the-art optimizers on five representative neural network problems, including regression and very deep networks from computer vision or variational autoencoders. For the largest setup, we efficiently parallelized the optimizers with Horovod and applied it to a 8 GPU NVIDIA A100 (DGX-1) machine with 80% parallel efficiency.
Exploring Techniques for the Analysis of Spontaneous Asynchronicity in MPI-Parallel Applications
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Hager Georg , Wellein Gerhard , Markidis Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the utility of using data analytics and machine learning techniques for identifying, classifying, and characterizing the dynamics of large-scale parallel (MPI) programs. To this end, we run microbenchmarks and realistic proxy applications with the regular compute-communicate structure on two different supercomputing platforms and choose the per-process performance and MPI time per time step as relevant observables. Using principal component analysis, clustering techniques, correlation functions, and a new “phase space plot,” we show how desynchronization patterns (or lack thereof) can be readily identified from a data set that is much smaller than a full MPI trace. Our methods also lead the way towards a more general classification of parallel program dynamics.
Irresolute mechanism design: a new path to possibility
Authors: Korpela Ville 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOften preferences in a group of agents are such that any sensible goal must admit a tie between all alternatives. The standard formulation in mechanism design demands that in this case all alternatives must be equilibrium outcomes of the decision making mechanism. However, as far as the idea of an equilibrium is to predict the outcome, we could equally well require that there are no equilibria at all. Although this may seem innocent, it allows the mechanism designer to implement goals that are impossible to enforce with any other implementation concept, like mixed Nash implementation, subgame perfect implementation, or Nash implementation using undominated strategies.
Physicochemical characterization and quantification of nanoplastics: applicability, limitations and complementarity of batch and fractionation methods
Authors: Huber Maximilian J. , Ivleva Natalia P. , Booth Andy M. , Beer Irina , Bianchi Ivana , Drexel Roland , Geiss Otmar , Mehn Dora , Meier Florian , Molska Alicja , Parot Jeremie , Sørensen Lisbet , Vella Gabriele , Prina-Mello Adriele , Vogel Robert , Caputo Fanny 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of heterogeneous nanoplastic (NPL) samples remains an analytical challenge requiring a combination of orthogonal measurement techniques to improve the accuracy and robustness of the results. Here, batch methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as separation/fractionation methods such as centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and field-flow fractionation (FFF)–multi-angle light scattering (MALS) combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (pyGC–MS) or Raman microspectroscopy (RM) were evaluated for NPL size, shape, and chemical composition measurements and for quantification. A set of representative/test particles of different chemical natures, including (i) polydisperse polyethylene (PE), (ii) (doped) polystyrene (PS) NPLs, (iii) titanium dioxide, and (iv) iron oxide nanoparticles (spherical and elongated), was used to assess the applicability and limitations of the selected methodologies. Particle sizes and number-based concentrations obtained by orthogonal batch methods (DLS, NTA, TRPS) were comparable for monodisperse spherical samples, while higher deviations were observed for polydisperse, agglomerated samples and for non-spherical particles, especially for light scattering methods. CLS and TRPS offer further insight with increased size resolution, while detailed morphological information can be derived by electron microscopy (EM)–based approaches. Combined techniques such as FFF coupled to MALS and RM can provide complementary information on physical and chemical properties by online measurements, while pyGC–MS analysis of FFF fractions can be used for the identification of polymer particles (vs. inorganic particles) and for their offline (semi)quantification. However, NPL analysis in complex samples will continue to present a serious challenge for the evaluated techniques without significant improvements in sample preparation.
Graphical abstract
Prediction of moisture-induced cracks in wooden cross sections using finite element simulations
Authors: Brandstätter Florian , Autengruber Maximilian , Lukacevic Markus , Füssl Josef 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWood absorbs and desorbs moisture due to its hygroscopic behavior, leading to moisture gradients in timber elements as well as swelling and shrinkage. These processes are constrained due to the orthotropic material properties of wood, leading to moisture-induced stresses, which can cause crack initiation and propagation. A significant amount of the damage in timber constructions indoors can be related to changes of the moisture content (MC). However, more information is needed about the correlation between moisture changes or gradients and specific damage characteristics, like crack depths. Thus, based on numerical simulations, the crack depth development within two solid timber and one glued laminated timber (GLT) cross section over time for different relative humidity (RH) reductions and initial MCs is analyzed. For this purpose, a multi-Fickian transport model is used to determine moisture fields, which are then used as loads in a subsequent stress simulation, where linear elastic material behavior is considered. An extended finite element approach, supported by a multisurface failure criterion defining the failure behavior, allows for the simulation of moisture-induced discrete cracking. Based on simulation results, correlations between potential maximum crack depths and moisture gradients in indoor climate conditions are derived, which enables the prediction of crack depths in wood. Finally, it is shown that the initial MC level significantly influences the maximum crack depth that can be expected.
FACE-Q Patient Report-Assisted Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Blepharoplasty Outcomes Using Two Different Suturing Techniques: A Randomized and Patient-Blinded Pilot Study
Authors: Told Reinhard , Placheta-Györi Eva , Lackner Birgit , Kuchar Andreas , Brugger Jonas , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Dunavölgyi Roman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
/Objectives
To compare two suturing techniques in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty by using the FACE-Q™ Eye Module questionnaire to assess patient-reported outcomes and by blinded Likert-scale gradings of two experienced surgeons.

Methods
90 patients undergoing bilateral blepharoplasty were randomly assigned to a suturing technique (running cutaneous or subcuticular closure) using Prolene 6.0. Patients completed the FACE-Q eye module questionnaire before surgery and 7 days and 3 months after surgery. Further, two trained oculoplastic surgeons assessed the outcome. FACE-Q ratings were RASCH-transformed, and linear models were fitted for appraisal and satisfaction results. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the surgeons’ rating agreement.

Results
There was no statistically significantly difference in patients’ FACE-Q self-assessments regarding satisfaction with eyes and appraisal of upper eyelids between the two suturing techniques investigated, both 7 days and 3 months after blepharoplasty. The more content the patient at baseline, the less the increase in satisfaction after 3 months. There was good agreement between blinded graders in outcome assessment expressed by an ICC of 0.86. Dry-eye symptoms increased after surgery, independent of the suturing technique, patient age or sex.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study shows that post operative patient satisfaction is independent of suturing technique, but depends on baseline FACE-Q reports. These findings are valuable in patient communication and selection and are in line with observer-based assessments.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.
Lanthanide and yttrium substitution in natural fluorite
Authors: Horsburgh Nicola J. , Finch Adrian A. , Friis Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFluorite is one of the most common minerals in the crust and is of widespread economic importance. It shows strong UV-excited luminescence, variously attributed to defects within the fluorite structure and lanthanide substitutions. We present here a detailed chemical characterisation of a suite of natural fluorite samples, chosen to represent the range of compositions observed in nature. We perform X-ray excited luminescence spectroscopy on the samples as a function of temperature (20–673 K) in the wavelength range 250–800 nm to provide insights into physical defects in the lattice and their interactions with lanthanide substituents in natural fluorite. Most broad bands in the UV are attributed to electronic defects in the fluorite lattice, whereas sharp emissions are attributed to intra-ion energy cascades in trivalent lanthanides. Lanthanides are accommodated in fluorite by substitution for Ca2+coupled with interstitial F−, O2−(substituting for F−) and a variety of electronic defect structures which provide local charge balance. The chondrite-normalised lanthanide profiles show that fluorite accommodates a greater proportion of heavy lanthanides (and Y) as the total Rare Earth Element (REE) concentration increases; whereas cell parameters decrease and then increase as substitution continues. Luminescence intensity also goes through a maximum and then decreases as a function of REE concentration. All three datasets are consistent with a model whereby lanthanides initially act as isolated centres, but, beyond a critical threshold (~ 1000 ppm), cluster into lanthanide-rich domains. Clustering results in shorter REE-O bond distances (favouring smaller heavier ions), a larger unit cell but more efficient energy transfer between lanthanides, thereby promoting non-radiative energy loss and a drop in the intensity of lanthanide emission.
Association between vitamin D status and eryptosis–results from the German National Cohort Study
Authors: Ewendt Franz , Schmitt Marvin , Kluttig Alexander , Kühn Julia , Hirche Frank , Kraus Frank B. , Ludwig-Kraus Beatrice , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Wätjen Wim , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Föller Michael , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVitamin D, besides its classical effect on mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling, can also modulate apoptosis. A special form of apoptosis termed eryptosis appears in erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and cell membrane phospholipid disorganization and associated with diseases such as sepsis, malaria or iron deficiency, and impaired microcirculation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that linked vitamin D with eryptosis in humans. This exploratory cross-sectional trial investigated the association between the vitamin D status assessed by the concentration of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and eryptosis. Plasma 25(OH)D was analyzed by LC–MS/MS, and eryptosis was estimated from annexin V-FITC-binding erythrocytes by FACS analysis in 2074 blood samples from participants of the German National Cohort Study. We observed a weak but clear correlation between low vitamin D status and increased eryptosis (r =  − 0.15; 95% CI [− 0.19, − 0.10]). There were no differences in plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and eryptosis between male and female subjects. This finding raises questions of the importance of vitamin D status for eryptosis in terms of increased risk for anemia or cardiovascular events.