bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesurer et anticiper un risque de pénurie enseignante : le cas de la Suisse
Authors: Wentzel Bernard 
Published: April 2023

Le risque d’un manque de personnel enseignant préoccupe fortement les autorités publiques de nombreux pays. Ces préoccupations se sont accentuées depuis une quinzaine d’années, notamment avec la perspective de devoir remplacer les départs à la retraite de la génération des baby-boomers. Il ne suffit pas de décréter la formation d’un nombre plus important de membres du personnel enseignant pendant une période donnée pour en assurer le renouvellement, préserver la qualité d’un système éducatif et assurer l’égalité des chances à l’école. Cet article a pour objectif principal de contribuer à une analyse de la gestion politique du risque de pénurie enseignante en Suisse à partir des années 2000. Des composantes d’un modèle d’analyse de l’action publique dans le domaine de l’éducation développé et enrichi au fil de nos travaux de recherche sont utilisées pour mesurer les statistiques de cette période. Après avoir apporté quelques clarifications conceptuelles autour du phénomène de pénurie dans une première partie, nous présenterons les éléments du modèle d’analyse de l’action publique retenus. Enfin, nous rendrons compte de nos analyses documentaires portant sur la gestion publique de la pénurie enseignante en Suisse.
Pedagogical Practices and Pupils’ Academic Performance in Primary Schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Mjasambu Esther Charles , J. Mtana Noah 
Published: April 2023

Our paper investigated the contribution of pedagogical practices on pupils’ academic performance in primary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. We employed a qualitative approach and conducted the study in three public and three private primary schools, with a total of 60 respondents. Primary data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations. We used content analysis to analyze the data and develop themes and sub-themes. The results show that public and private school teachers differ in their approach to pedagogical practices, resulting in variations in academic performance. We conclude that effective pedagogical practices can significantly impact pupils' academic performance and suggest that teachers receive proper training and support to implement these practices. Therefore, our study emphasizes the importance of effective pedagogical practices in achieving good academic performance and underscores the need for teacher training and support to facilitate these practices.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil around Metal Scrap Recycling Areas during Wet and Dry Seasons in Ogijo, Ogun State, SW Nigeria
Authors: Onanuga K. , Maitera O. N. , Milam C. , Olajire H. M. , Daniel V. N. 
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the levels and risks associated with heavy metals in the soil samples collected during the dry and wet seasons around metal scrap recycling areas in Ogijo, Ogun State.
Study Design: The soil samples were collected randomly within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the scrap metal recycling industries (SMRI) and analyzed with XRF.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Ogijo in Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, located within Southwestern Nigeria. The soil samples were collected in dry and wet seasons (5th to 7th March and 24th to 25th September 2020 respectively.
Methodology: Soil samples within the industries and communities in the vicinity of the SMR were collected randomly, dried, and then sieved through a 2mm mesh stainless sieve. The sieved sample was analyzed for heavy metal concentration by using S2 Ranger, and Bruker UKX-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy techniques (XRF).
Results: The results of the analyzed soil showed that the range of concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples collected during dry season were: Fe (40100 - 87300 mg/kg); Mn (400 - 3500 mg/kg); Zn (600 -1300 mg/kg); Pb (400 - 1000 mg/kg) and during wet season: Fe (26100 -82700); Mn (500- 4200) mg/kg. Zn (600 – 1300) mg/kg; and Pb were only detected in S3 sample (600mg/kg). The results of the heavy metals were found to exceed the WHO permissible limits of heavy metals. Contamination index, degree of contamination, and pollution load indices indicated slight contamination to excessive pollution, very high risk of the degree of contamination, and extremely polluted soils respectively. The geo-accumulation index was uncontaminated to moderate contamination (0<Igeo≤1) with different metals at different locations that were not detected and with all the detected Zn concentrations (except at S1) to extreme contamination (Igeo≥5).Heavy metal enrichment during both dry and wet seasons ranged from background rank (EF ≤ 1) to moderate enrichment. Eri values ranged from low (Eri) <40) to moderate ecological risk (Eri > 80) with all the risk indices of the locations low (RI <150). The cumulative non-carcinogenic, health index (HI) for ingestion and dermal for soil during the dry season were all above 1 indicating non - carcinogenic health concerns for the residents of the study areas as they recorded higher values. The CRI was far above the acceptable limit indicating that residents in S3 during the wet season and S2 and S9 during the dry season have the probability of contracting cancer through ingestion within the life time of 70 years.
Conclusion: The results of pollution indices show that the quality of soil in the study entirely deteriorated with respect to the DPR background. This indicates that the soil could not be used for any agricultural or domestic purposes.
Determination of Nickel in Selected Surface Waters of the Bonaberi Industrial Zone, Douala IV Council, Littoral Cameroon
Authors: Peter Nkwenti , Marie Etame Loe Gisele , Joel Ndzobo Ndzana Emmanuel , Nga Nnanga , Ntum Bih Larrisse 
Published: April 2023

Aims: To assess the source and level of Nickel in selected surface waters and its impact on the community of the Bonaberi industrial zone.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study design that involved semi-quantitative and qualitative data collection method.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the area of Bonaberi industrial zone, Douala IV district between February 2019 to August 2020.
Methodology: 25 Different surface water samples were collected from 5 sampling sites. Water samples were collected in polyethylene bottles previously washed with deionized water and rinsed with sample to be collected from different sites and acidified with 5 ml concentrated nitric acid. The contents of the metal were analyzed using Colorimetric merck microquant procedure. Two way ANOVA test and a P-value (<0.05) was considered significant.
Results: Spring Water had a significant concentration of nickel in the various sites (0.06 mg/L), industrial waste (0.05 mg/L), River (0.04 mg/L), Well (0.03 mg/L), Tap waters (0.02 mg/L).
Conclusion: Nickel is one of the most toxic naturally occurring metal(s) that is very dangerous to environmental sustainability when present in high concentrations. The study justifies the need to ascertain the long-term effects of Nickel contaminant(s) at waste dumping sites. Strengthening waste management systems and water quality monitoring should be implemented in the watersheds to minimize the health effects and deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. Adequate measures should be taken to educate the community on heavy metals pollution on surface water and their effects to health and environment.
Estimated Use of Prescription Medications Among Individuals Incarcerated in Jails and State Prisons in the US
Authors: Curran Jill , Saloner Brendan , Winkelman Tyler N.A. , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceAlthough incarcerated individuals experience higher rates of chronic conditions, little is known regarding the use of prescription medications in jails and prisons in the US.ObjectiveTo characterize treatment with prescription medications in jails and state prisons relative to noncorrectional settings in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional analysis using 2018 to 2020 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated the prevalence of disease among recently incarcerated and nonincarcerated adults in the US. The study used 2018 to 2020 IQVIA’s National Sales Perspective (NSP) to quantify the distribution of medications to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations. The NSP provides national dollar and unit sales of prescription medications across multiple distribution channels, including prisons and jails. The study population included incarcerated and nonincarcerated individuals from NSDUH. Seven common chronic conditions were assessed. Data were analyzed in May 2022.ExposuresMedications being sent to correctional facilities vs all other settings in the US.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were distribution of medications to treat diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), depression, and severe mental illness to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations.ResultsThe proportion of pharmaceuticals distributed to jails and state prisons to treat type 2 diabetes (0.15%), asthma (0.15%), hypertension (0.18%), hepatitis B or C (1.68%), HIV (0.73%), depression (0.36%), and severe mental illness (0.48%) was much lower compared with the relative burden of disease among this population. The incarcerated population in state prisons and jails accounted for 0.44% (95% CI, 0.34%-0.56%) of estimated individuals with diabetes, 0.85% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.06%) of individuals with asthma, 0.42% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.51%) of hypertension, 3.13% (95% CI, 2.53%-3.84%) of hepatitis B or C, 2.20% (95% CI, 1.51%-3.19%) of HIV, 1.46% (95% CI, 1.33%-1.59%) of depression, and 1.97% (95% CI, 1.81%-2.14%) of severe mental illness. After adjusting for disease prevalence, the relative disparity was 2.9-fold for diabetes, 5.5-fold for asthma, 2.4-fold for hypertension, 1.9-fold for hepatitis B or C, 3.0-fold for HIV, 4.1-fold for depression, and 4.1-fold for severe mental illness.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional, descriptive study of the distribution of prescription medications for chronic conditions in jails and state prisons, the findings suggest that there may be underuse of pharmacological treatment in correctional facilities relative to the nonincarcerated population. These findings, which require further investigation, may reflect inadequate care in jails and prisons and represent a critical public health issue.
Impact of Ti and Zn Dual‐Substitution in P2 Type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 on Ni–Mn and Na‐Vacancy Ordering and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Kubota Kei , Asari Takuya , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy layered oxide materials containing various metals that exhibit smooth voltage curves and excellent electrochemical performances have attracted attention in the development of positive electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, a smooth voltage curve can be obtained by suppression of the Na+‐vacancy ordering, and therefore, transition metal slabs do not need to be more multi‐element than necessary. Here, the Na+‐vacancy ordering is found to be disturbed by dual substitution of TiIV for MnIV and ZnII for NiII in P2‐Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2. Dual‐substituted Na2/3[Ni1/4Mn1/2Ti1/6Zn1/12]O2 demonstrates almost non‐step voltage curves with a reversible capacity of 114 mAh g−1 and less structural changes with a high crystalline structure maintained during charging and discharging. Synchrotron X‐ray, neutron, and electron diffraction measurements reveal that dual‐substitution with TiIV and ZnII uniquely promotes in‐plane NiII–MnIV ordering, which is quite different from the disordered mixing in conventional multiple metal substitution.
Soft Hydrogel Shapeability via Supportive Bath Matching in Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Lei Iek Man , Zhang Duo , Gu Wenxi , Liu Ji , Zi Yunlong , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmbedded 3D printing is widely adapted for fabricating architected soft and non‐self‐supporting hydrogels for applications ranging from tissue engineering to soft robotics. Although the matching between hydrogels and supportive baths sets the foundation in embedded 3D printing, the rule‐of‐thumb for supportive bath selection and creation is not yet established. Herein, the “shapeability” of distinct classes of hydrogel inks (i.e., pH‐responsive, photo‐crosslinkable, thermal‐sensitive, chemically crosslinkable monomeric, and cationic and anionic inks) in diverse representative support baths (i.e., gelatin slurry, agarose fluid gel, Carbopol and oil‐based baths) is evaluated. The results show that the dominate mechanisms for interfacial instabilities, including diffusion‐driven or charge‐driven, can be predicted by evaluating the composition pairing of the pre‐crosslinked hydrogel ink and supportive bath. Based on this, a general and simplistic guideline for supportive bath selection to attain hydrogel shapeability is proposed. The approach can widen the spectrum of hydrogel materials that can be structured on‐demand for a plethora of functionalities.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl Isoxazolidines by Photo‐Promoted N‐Selective Arylation of Oximes and Cyclization Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Copper Catalyst
Authors: Tanaka Kosaku , Yoshida Mayumi , Yamamoto Ayaka , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOximes cause photo‐promoted, copper‐catalyzed N‐selective arylation with diaryl iodonium salts to produce nitrones, which in turn undergo intra‐ or intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cyclization with olefins to afford N‐aryl isoxazolidines. Hypervalent iodine reagents substituted with either electron‐rich or electron‐deficient groups afford the corresponding N‐aryl isoxazolidines in 26–95% yields. This method offers a faster reaction rate, lower catalyst loading and broader substrate scope of oxime than similar nitrone syntheses employing Chan‐Lam‐Evans coupling. The reaction involves via a radical/single electron transfer (SET) pathway, and does not proceed in the absence of photoirradiation.magnified image
Improvement in Quality of Life after Septoplasty in Children: a Systematic Review
Authors: Kais Amani , Sinan Moaz , Crawford Anna , Rose Austin S. , Gudis David A. , Ramadan Hassan H. , Makary Chadi A. 
Published: April 2023

Key points
Septoplasty for nasal obstruction in the pediatric population shows positive outcomes in objective and subjective post‐operative measurements.
Septoplasty in children results in disease‐related improvement in quality of life.
Higher level studies are needed to confirm these results.
Personal meaningfulness of potential FDA‐approved treatments: Perspectives of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moreno Monica , Kline Chelsea R. , Lanigan Kerry , Kallmyer Beth , Clifford Kristen , Fazio Sam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of new clinical trial data on disease‐modifying therapies in several. Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies, the Alzheimer's Association convened individuals living with AD to gain their perspective on meaningfulness and new treatments. A total of 30 Alzheimer's Association National Early Stage Advisory Group members participated in a focus group or an online survey to gain insights on what is wanted from a first‐in‐class treatment that could stop the progression of their disease at the earliest stage. Participants felt that researchers and regulators need to consider personal meaningfulness alongside clinical meaningfulness. At the same time, individuals living with AD felt that access, education, choice, and affordability were all important considerations moving forward.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐Tetrahydrocannabinoids**
Authors: Dorsch Caroline , Schneider Christoph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report herein the catalytic asymmetric cyclization of 1‐aryl terpenols to afford enantiomerically highly enriched Δ9‐cis‐tetrahydrocannabinoid scaffolds in a single step. As powerful chiral catalysts strongly acidic imidodiphosphorimidates (IDPis) have been identified which furnish the products with good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. Upon MOM‐deprotection some naturally occurring cannabimimetica such as (−)‐cis‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and (−)‐perrottetinene as well as some unnatural analogues were made accessible along a merely 3‐step biomimetic sequence (MOM=methoxymethyl).
A comparison of wet‐extracted coconut oils prepared under hot and cold conditions
Authors: Anjali N. V. P. , Algama C. Harshani , Seneviratne Kaveesha P. , Seneviratne Chinthaka A. , Jayathilaka Nimanthi , Seneviratne Kapila N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVirgin coconut oil was prepared by four wet extraction methods which included hot extraction by boiling coconut milk, and three cold extraction methods by centrifugation, fermentation, and chilling followed by thawing of coconut milk. The chemical characteristics related to both saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of oils were evaluated. Quality parameters such as peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, acid value, and moisture content of the four oils remain within the acceptable range for edible purposes. Hot conditions incorporate a richer phenolic profile, a higher α‐tocopherol content, and a higher β‐carotene content in coconut oil. Epimerization and hydrolysis of the phenolic compounds occur depending on the extraction conditions. The longest shelf‐life of the coconut oil prepared under hot conditions may be due to the relatively lower contents of moisture, free acids, peroxides, and higher contents of phenolic compounds, α‐tocopherol, and β‐carotene in hot‐extracted coconut oil. Contrary to popular belief, hot and wet extraction conditions may produce higher quality coconut oil compared to cold extraction conditions.
Highly oxidative desulfurization of thiophenic model fuels and real gasoline by Keggin‐type heteropolyanion immobilized on polyaniline and chitosan as an efficient organic–inorganic nanohybrid catalyst
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Ardeshiri Hadi Hassani , Ghafuri Hossein , Hosseini Shima 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo obtain clean gasoline, a new nanohybrid catalyst (TPA@PAN@CH) was synthesized by immobilizing tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) on the surface of polyaniline (PAN) and chitosan (CH) polymers. The features of the materials were detected by FT‐IR, UV/vis, XRD, FE‐SEM, and EDX methods. The XRD patterns demonstrate that the average crystallite size of the TPA@PAN@CH is estimated to be approximately 45 nm, which corresponds to the results of the FE‐SEM. The catalytic performance of the TPA@PAN@CH was tested in the nano‐catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Ncat‐ODS) of gasoline and model fuels by H2O2/AcOH (volume proportion of 2:1) oxidizing agent. The best desulfurization outcomes were achieved by 0.1 g of the TPA@PAN@CH as a nanocatalyst at 35°C under mild reaction conditions. Based upon the above findings, the sulfur content could be declined from 0.4986 to 0.0193 wt%, which corresponds to performance of 96%. Mercaptan concentration decreased from 98 to 4 ppm, and the removal efficiency of model fuels declined in the order of DBT ≥ BT > Th. The high catalytic activity of TPA@PAN@CH was maintained for five cycles without significantly diminishing its performance. This work suggested the potential application of the TPA@PAN@CH for eliminating of hazardous sulfur compounds that significantly affect the efficacy of the Ncat‐ODS.
Determinants of range sizes pinpoint vulnerability of groundwater species to climate change: A case study on subterranean amphipods from the Dinarides
Authors: Borko Špela , Premate Ester , Zagmajster Maja , Fišer Cene 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Range size is one of the most important criteria for determining species conservation status. It is an outcome of multiple factors, including a species' ecological tolerance and propensity to disperse, availability and temporal stability of suitable habitat patches, and between‐patch connectivity. Understanding the determinants of range size could help identify the main threats, which may differ among species.
Subterranean species typically have smaller ranges than their surface counterparts. However, the determinants of their ranges are poorly known. The aim of this study was to test three potential determinants of species range size (habitat type, body size, and species age) using the species of the amphipod genus Niphargus. The study was performed within the Dinarides (south‐east Europe), a global subterranean hotspot.
The only significant determinant of range size was the habitat in which the species lived. The species with the smallest ranges inhabit fissure systems in the upper layers of the carbonate massifs with predominantly vertical water flow. The species with the largest ranges live in the deepest zone – the permanently flooded phreatic with lateral water flow. These results imply that differences in connectivity among habitats determine the range sizes of aquatic subterranean species.
The vertical gradient in habitat connectivity indicates the vulnerability of the species to climate change. Desertification and longer periods of drought will probably have a greater effect on fauna in fissures than in the phreatic zone. In addition, lowering the groundwater table might exacerbate the fragmentation of intermediate habitats, possibly enhancing local extinction.
The habitat ecology of subterranean species should be considered in International Union for Conservation of Nature assessments. Given that the most narrowly distributed aquatic subterranean species live in habitats subjected to climatic drying, the protection of subterranean fauna depends on the management of surface habitats such as forests.
Mean residual life cure models for right‐censored data with and without length‐biased sampling
Authors: Chen Chyong‐Mei , Chen Hsin‐Jen , Peng Yingwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe propose a semiparametric mean residual life mixture cure model for right‐censored survival data with a cured fraction. The model employs the proportional mean residual life model to describe the effects of covariates on the mean residual time of uncured subjects and the logistic regression model to describe the effects of covariates on the cure rate. We develop estimating equations to estimate the proposed cure model for the right‐censored data with and without length‐biased sampling, the latter is often found in prevalent cohort studies. In particular, we propose two estimating equations to estimate the effects of covariates in the cure rate and a method to combine them to improve the estimation efficiency. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimates are established. The finite sample performance of the estimates is confirmed with simulations. The proposed estimation methods are applied to a clinical trial study on melanoma and a prevalent cohort study on early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.