bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Conductivity Stoichiometric Titanium Nitride for Bioelectronics
Authors: Gablech Imrich , Migliaccio Ludovico , Brodský Jan , Havlíček Marek , Podešva Pavel , Hrdý Radim , Ehlich Jiří , Gryszel Maciej , Głowacki Eric Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioelectronic devices such as neural stimulation and recording devices require stable low‐impedance electrode interfaces. Various forms of nitridated titanium are used in biointerface applications due to robustness and biological inertness. In this work, stoichiometric TiN thin films are fabricated using a dual Kaufman ion‐beam source setup, without the necessity of substrate heating. These layers are remarkable compared to established forms of TiN due to high degree of crystallinity and excellent electrical conductivity. How this fabrication method can be extended to produce structured AlN, to yield robust AlN/TiN bilayer micropyramids, is described. These electrodes compare favorably to commercial TiN microelectrodes in the performance metrics important for bioelectronics interfaces: higher conductivity (by an order of magnitude), lower electrochemical impedance, and higher capacitive charge injection with lower faradaicity. These results demonstrate that the Kaufman ion‐beam sputtering method can produce competitive nitride ceramics for bioelectronics applications at low deposition temperatures.
Tunable Multilevel Gate Oxide Capacitance and Flat‐Band Voltage Shift Characteristics by Filament Formation in Double‐Floating‐Gate Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Capacitors
Authors: Han Jimin , Park Kitae , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Yoon Tae‐Sik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTunable multilevel gate oxide capacitance and flat‐band voltage shift characteristics in double‐floating‐gate metal–oxide–semiconductor (DFG‐MOS) capacitors are investigated for non‐volatile memory and programmable logic device applications. The DFG‐MOS capacitor with the structure of Ag(control gate)/CeO2(upper control oxide)/Al(upper FG)/CeO2(lower control oxide)/Pt(lower FG)/HfO2(tunneling oxide) on n‐Si substrate, that is Ag/CeO2/Al/CeO2/Pt/HfO2/n‐Si, exhibits three capacitance states as a result of reversible formation and rupture of conducting filaments at serially stacked Ag/CeO2/Al and Al/CeO2/Pt capacitors upon applying positive and negative gate voltages, respectively. In contrast, the DFG‐MOS capacitor with Ag/CeO2/Pt/HfO2/Pt/HfO2/n‐Si employing inert Pt upper and lower FGs exhibits two capacitance states via the formation and rupture of filament only at the upper Ag/CeO2/Pt stack. Instead, it accompanies a flat‐band voltage shift by electrical charging at the lower FG of Pt. The proposed devices operate with tunable multilevel gate oxide capacitance and flat‐band voltage shift associated with filament formation inside gate stacks and electrical charging with respect to the constituent materials of the FGs. These results pave the way for potential application to non‐volatile memory and programmable MOSFET logic device with tunable gate oxide capacitance, without relying solely on the electrical charging used in the current flash‐type memory.
Is it feasible to improve stand persistence of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) through breeding?
Authors: Boerman Nicholas A. , Moffet Corey A. , Gunter Stacey A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEastern gamagrass is a warm‐season perennial grass that has excellent forage nutritional quality and a broad range of adaptations. Despite the favorable forage qualities, agronomic issues persist; most important for grazing systems is stand persistence from preferential grazing when growing in mixed species communities. Stand persistence when monoculture stands are grazed has been previously studied, and it has been observed that stands decline under high stocking rates or low grazing height. The objective of our study was to evaluate if an improvement of stand persistence under defoliation to a low‐cut height is feasible through the breeding of improved lines. A persistence trial was conducted using a completely random design and eight replications to evaluate the stand persistence of two commercial cultivars, two experimental lines, and an ecotype selection. Defoliation occurred by grazing and mowing to a height of 8 cm three‐to‐four times over the course of five growing seasons. Stand counts of live plants were taken following the final defoliation of the season. Mixed linear regression modeling indicates significant differences between genotypes developed in years where no grazing occurred. An ecotype selection from Northwest Oklahoma exhibited significantly greater persistence than the cultivar Pete and the other experimental lines. These results suggest that different alleles exist for critical persistence genes, indicating it may be feasible to improve the trait through breeding and selection.
Capacity for national and regional self‐reliance in fruit and vegetable production in the United States
Authors: McCarthy Ashley C. , Griffin Timothy S. , Srinivasan Sumeeta , Peters Christian J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreased fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption would have important health benefits but would also have significant impacts on the U.S. agricultural system. The United States is currently a net importer of these foods but global agricultural systems face growing pressure to feed more people with fewer resources while also adapting to climate change. Thus, increasing self‐reliance may become a key strategy to ensuring a stable supply of nutrient‐dense foods in the United States. However, the capacity to increase the production of specific foods to accommodate shifts towards healthier dietary patterns or increase self‐reliance is not well documented. We estimated the extent to which the United States could meet current and recommended F&V consumption through domestic production based on biophysical capacity at the national and regional levels. Land suitability maps from a previous study were combined with state‐level yield data to estimate biophysical capacity and food availability data were used to estimate F&V consumption. A net‐balance analysis was conducted to compare production capacity to food consumption under both diet scenarios. Our results indicate that the United States could meet current and recommended F&V needs of Americans through domestic production and that each region could meet regional F&V consumption. However, while self‐reliance is biophysically possible, it would require substantial changes in dietary patterns and land use. These findings provide insight into the feasibility and agricultural implications of self‐reliance at the national and regional levels.
Manipulating intermolecular interactions for ultralong organic phosphorescence
Authors: Cai Suzhi , Yao Xiaokang , Ma Huili , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials have received considerable attention in the field of organic optoelectronics due to their long lifetime, high exciton utilization, large Stokes shift, and so on. Great advancements have been achieved through manipulating intermolecular interactions for high‐performance UOP materials in recent years. This review will discuss the influence of various intermolecular interactions, including π‐π interactions, n‐π interactions, halogen bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordinative bonding, and ionic bonding on phosphorescent properties at room temperature, respectively. We summarize the rule of manipulating intermolecular interactions for UOP materials with superior phosphorescent properties. This review will provide a guideline for developing new UOP materials with superior phosphorescent properties for potential applications in organic electronics and bioelectronics.
Workplace violence against healthcare workers using nationally representative estimates of emergency department data, 2015–2017
Authors: Carey Imani , Hendricks Kitty 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionWorkers in the healthcare industry are at increased risk for workplace violence. The goal of this analysis is to determine the rate of injuries healthcare workers incurred as a result of intentional violence by patients in the workplace.MethodsInjuries linked to workplace violence that were treated in US emergency departments from 2015 to 2017 were identified using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–Occupational Supplement (NEISS‐Work). All estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using SAS® 9.4 Proc Survey to incorporate the stratified sample design of NEISS‐Work.ResultsApproximately 1.14 million injuries to workers in the healthcare industry were treated in US hospital emergency departments between 2015 and 2017. Intentional injuries by another person accounted for 15% of these healthcare‐related injuries. The results also showed that male healthcare workers' rate of injuries was 2.3 times higher than their female counterparts despite composing a smaller proportion of the workforce. Injury rates were highest among the less‐than‐25 age group, and decreased as healthcare workers' age increased.ConclusionsWorkplace violence is a serious problem in today's healthcare settings that affects both employees and patient care. Although violence in the healthcare industry has been researched for decades, there has been an increase in violent incidents in this industrial sector. The disparity in injury rates by sex and age are areas of concern. Further research in these areas is necessary to understand the root causes of these incidents and inform violence prevention strategies.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as Emerging Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Nath Satyapriya , Puthukkudi Adithyan , Mohapatra Jeebanjyoti , Biswal Bishnu P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe vastness of organic synthetic strategies and knowledge of reticular chemistry have made covalent organic frameworks (COFs) one of the most chemically and structurally diverse class of materials with potential applications ranging from gas storage, molecular separation, and catalysis to energy storage and magnetism. Recently, this class of porous materials has garnered increasing interest as potential nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Traditionally, inorganic crystals, small‐molecule organic chromophores, and oligomers have been studied for their NLO response. Nevertheless, COFs offer significant advantages over existing NLO materials in terms of higher mechanical strength, thermochemical stability, and extended conjugation. Herein, we discuss crucial aspects, terminology, and measurement techniques related to NLO, followed by a critical analysis of the design principles for COFs with NLO response. Furthermore, we touch on selected potential applications of these NLO materials. Finally, future prospects and challenges of COFs as NLO materials are discussed.
Enabled Efficient Ammonia Synthesis and Energy Supply in a Zinc–Nitrate Battery System by Separating Nitrate Reduction Process into Two Stages
Authors: Jiang Haifeng , Chen Gao‐Feng , Savateev Oleksandr , Xue Jian , Ding Liang‐Xin , Liang Zhenxing , Antonietti Markus , Wang Haihui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aqueous electrocatalytic reduction of NO3− into NH3 (NitrRR) presents a sustainable route applicable to NH3 production and potentially energy storage. However, the NitrRR involves a directly eight‐electron transfer process generally required a large overpotential (<−0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE)) to reach optimal efficiency. Here, inspired by biological nitrate respiration, the NitrRR was separated into two stages along a [2+6]‐electron pathway to alleviate the kinetic barrier. The system employed a Cu nanowire catalyst produces NO2− and NH3 with current efficiencies of 91.5 % and 100 %, respectively at lower overpotentials (>+0.1 vs. RHE). The high efficiency for such a reduction process was further explored in a zinc‐nitrate battery. This battery could be specified by a high output voltage of 0.70 V, an average energy density of 566.7 Wh L−1 at 10 mA cm−2 and a power density of 14.1 mW cm−2, which is well beyond all previously reported similar concepts.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of solubility and Young's modulus models for polyhydroxybutyrate‐based electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Mohammadalipour Mohammad , Behzad Tayebeh , Karbasi Saeed , Mohammadalipour Zahra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, limited strategies have been developed to study nanomechanical properties. The in‐depth study on the nanomechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds can provide better insights at greater scales. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is an authoritative method that can characterize mechanical properties. In this research, theoretical solubility studies of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in different solvents were initially carried out. Then, three series of PHB‐based mats were prepared, including PHB/lignin, PHB/cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and PHB/lignin/CNF. The theoretical modulus of samples was studied from two different standpoints, through the use of nanoindentation on a single nanofiber. First, scaffolds were considered as a series of short fiber reinforced nanocomposites (NCs). In the second viewpoint, the geometrical structure of each scaffold was considered similar to an open‐cell foam (OCF). Consequently, modeling outputs verified that among NC models, isotropic Halpin‐Tsai presented plausible predictions with ≃93.36 to 99.77% accuracy. In addition, Tetrakaidecahedron indicated more accurate predictions among OCF models for the mats (≃78.99 to 96.15% adaption). Indeed, the theoretical NC and OCF models were able to provide acceptable forecasts for the application range of electrospun fibers. Based on this, nanoscale investigation of mechanical properties can turn a new page to estimate the further application of mats.
On the curing and degradation of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and epoxidized soybean oil compounds cured with itaconic and succinic acids
Authors: Barreto José Vinícius Melo , de Albuquerque Ananda Karoline Camelo , Jacques Nicholas Guimarães , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work investigated the curing and degradation behavior of compounds made with 1:1 of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and epoxidized soybean oil, cured with itaconic acid (ITA) and succinic acid (SUC), coded as EP/ITA and EP/SUC. Complex peaks observed in differential scanning calorimetry are mostly due to the catalyzed curing and homopolymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra suggest that the curing follows the SN2reaction mechanism for both compounds. Lower activation energies of curing were verified for EP/ITA compared to the EP/SUC, mainly due to their greater reactivity with the epoxy matrix at temperatures below the acids structures and melting points. Regarding thermal degradation, four steps were verified: acid degradation, degradation of the non‐cross‐linked material, degradation of cross‐linked material, and carbon decomposition. EP/SUC with a molar ratio equal to 0.4 presented the lowest activation energy for degradation. The degradation's solid‐state mechanisms analysis indicated that in EP/ITA and EP/SUC compounds the processes are controlled by nucleation and subsequent growth.
Synthesis and properties of semicrystalline non‐isocyanate polyurethane with tunable triple shape memory properties
Authors: Yin Xingshan , Liu Huameng , Lin Ruijun , Liu Xiaochun , Huang Zhiyi , Du Jiahao , Gu Yuxin , Lin Xiaofeng , Lin Wenjing , Yi Guobin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNowadays, polyurethanes with multifunctional and multiple shape memory effects, especially those without the use of toxic phosgene and isocyanate, have attracted significant attention. In this work, to prepare a kind of non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with triple shape memory effect, we introduced the behenic acid (BA) with good crystallinity into the NIPUs network, which combines glass transition of the cross‐linked network and crystallization‐melting of behenic acid, endowing the NIPUs with two independent transition temperatures: the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization melting temperature (Tm). Specifically, the NIPUs were synthesized by the addition reaction of bi‐functional cyclic carbonate and semi‐crystalline curing agent. The bi‐functional cyclic carbonate was prepared by thiol‐ene click reaction, and the BA was grafted onto polyethyleneimine to prepare semi‐crystalline curing agent. By adjusting the ratio of BA to PEI and curing temperature, the crystallinity of NIPU can be tuned in a wide range, so that the NIPUs has tunable and superior triple shape memory performance, and the shape recovery rate is almost 100%.
Heptagon/Octagon‐Fused Diporphyrins or Spiro‐Pentagon‐Bridged Dichlorin from p‐Terphenylene‐Bridged Diporphyrin
Authors: Lin Peng , Xiong Shugang , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntramolecular fusion reactions of a p‐terphenylene‐bridged NiII porphyrin dimer gave different products, depending upon reaction conditions. Oxidation with Fe(OTf)3 provided syn‐ and anti‐doubly heptagon‐fused NiII porphyrin dimers showing enlarged π‐electronic networks, probably via a radical mechanism, while treatment with methanesulfonic acid provided a spiro‐pentagon‐bridged NiII chlorin dimer via acid‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts type cyclization. Further, a doubly octagon‐fused NiII porphyrin dimer was synthesized via a sequence of double meso‐formylation, reduction to corresponding diol, and BF3‐catalyzed cyclization.
Co‐production of lipids and carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides from cane molasses using temperature and pH shifting strategies
Authors: Jiang Wankui , Zhou Dawei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jiang Yujia , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe industrialized production of microbial lipids and carotenoids is facing various challenges including difficulties with microbial strains, fermentation processes, and downstream processing. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation conditions for the efficient co‐production of lipids and carotenoids using Rhodosporidium toruloides. By using temperature and pH fermentation shift strategies, the lipid content was increased by 0.57 times (78.6%), and the carotenoid content was increased by 2.5 times (2.71 mg g−1) in comparison with a control. To reduce the fermentation cost, an inexpensive carbon source, cane molasses, was used to replace nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon sources. This enabled a maximum lipid content of 68.9% and 2.85 mg g−1 of carotenoids to be obtained. These results provided an efficient method for lipid and carotenoid co‐production, which could provide a basis for the industrial production of microbial lipids and carotenoids.
Crystal phase evolution of high temperature annealed Fe3O4‐CaO catalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Aleman‐Ramirez Jose Luis , Reyes‐Vallejo Odin , Okoye Patrick U. , Sanchez‐Albores Rocio , Maldonado‐Álvarez Arturo , Sebastian Pathiyamattom J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiodiesel (BD) is an alternative transportation fuel that has been commercialized. Most CaO‐based heterogeneous catalysts that are applied for BD production become strongly deactivated after not more than five cycles of reuse. Predominantly CaO and Ca(OH)2 active phases in eggshell were mixed with Fe3O4 by ball milling for 3 h followed by annealing at different temperatures (200–1000 °C) for 2 h to produce a magnetic catalyst. The catalyst was deployed to synthesize BD using a transesterification reaction with methanol. The catalyst characterization results from X‐ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed the phase evolution of the catalysts with increasing annealing temperature, which facilitated the oxidation of the Fe3O4 to the maghemite (Fe2O3) phase. Increasing temperature led to a decrease in the catalyst surface area due to increased rigidity and loss of pores; however, the basicity increased due to the conversion of calcium carbonates mainly to CaO. Under optimal conditions of 65 °C, methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 4 wt% catalyst loading, BD yield of 95.33% could be achieved under 120 min reaction time. The catalyst could be reused seven times with minimal loss in catalytic activity. The synthesized BD showed a calorific value of 39.99 MJkg‐1, a density of 0.9 gcm‐3, a viscosity of 4.92 mm2s‐1, which satisfactorily complied with the international standards of ASTM‐D‐6751 and EN‐14214.
On the CO2 absorption kinetics, loading capacity, and catalytic desorption of aqueous solutions of N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine
Authors: Sarode Urvashi K. , Vaidya Prakash D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCO2 separation with harmful chemicals will damage the environment. It is essential to explore greener solvents that are producible from renewable resources such as biomass. The suitability of N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (MG), also known as meglumine, for capturing CO2, was explored in this work. This nontoxic amino sugar, which is derived from sorbitol, represents a renewable bio‐solvent. It was found that MG is especially reactive with CO2. Trials were performed in a stirred cell reactor with a flat gas–liquid interface between 303 and 313 K. The values of the pseudo‐first‐order reaction rate constant, reaction orders, and activation energy were found. The loading capacity (α) of 0.5 M MG solution was measured at T = 308 K. For a typical value of α = 0.524 mol CO2/mol MG, the corresponding equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 was 22 kPa. Finally, it was found that the catalyst Al2O3 aided in the desorption of CO2‐loaded MG solutions. Desorption efficiency using Al2O3 was higher (74%) than that achieved without this catalyst (45%). It is thus clear that MG represents a potential solvent for improved CO2 separation from gases.
A tale of two variances
Authors: McCullagh Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe begin by showing that the standard repeated‐sampling interpretation of the variance of a parameter estimate in a finite‐dimensional parametric model is ambiguous and open to misinterpretation. Three operational interpretations are given, all numerically different in general and all compatible with repeated sampling from the same population with a fixed parameter. One of these is compatible with the standard large‐sample calculation based on the inverse Fisher information. The others are not. One interpretation coincides with what Fisher appears to have had in mind in his 1943 derivation of the log‐series model for species abundances. The different interpretations help to resolve an apparent contradiction between the Fisherian variance and the inverse‐information variance obtained from the Ewens model.
Auction inspired service replication for context‐aware IoT environment
Authors: Banerji Nandan , Choudhury Subhrabrata 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn rise of the Internet of Things, services are so connected and touched by the users that services are requested very often with some quality of experience (QoE) standards. Even sometimes, they are called from different regions with varying demand densities. To meet that, the IoT middleware needs to replicate the services as per user's demand. Some intuitive approaches also made with context‐aware replication techniques. In this work, we focus on the context‐aware and proactive replication strategies for IoT services, so that the service response deadline can be met and consequently, the QoE can be satisfied. Sometimes nodes having enough resources are overlooked to participate in replication process. In that case, the system becomes bound to select less capable candidate nodes to replicate a service. We went with a price (auction) based strategy so that the users with enough available resources get motivated to participate in replication. This way, the system becomes cooperative among peers with an intention to earn some incentives. We consider service discovery time, service response time and service drop rate as performance metrics and compared with two state of the art proposals. It is found that the proposed method outperforms both.