bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled analysis on the effects of inclusion, moisture, and oil removal from distillers grains on cattle performance and economic returns in diets with different corn processing
Authors: Troyer Braden C , Dennis Elliott J , DiCostanzo Alfredo , Erickson Galen E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA synthesis of data including over 9,300 head of cattle and over 980 pen means was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn processing method, distillers grains type, oil removal from distillers, and dietary distillers concentration on cattle performance and total feeding costs under different historical price scenarios. The corn processing method was either steam-flaked corn, high-moisture or dry-rolled corn or a blend of the latter two and their effects on performance with and without distillers grains. Wet, modified, and dry distillers were analyzed as either full fat or de-oiled products in diets at various dietary concentrations with either corn type to determine cattle performance. Performance estimates were used to determine the inclusion level that minimized total finishing costs ($/head) for each diet given various assumptions on corn price, corn-to-distillers price ratio, supplemental protein cost, and steam flake processing cost. Feeding distillers grains in steam-flaked or high-moisture and dry-rolled corn diets resulted in improved feed conversion and reduced cattle feeding costs, including lower supplemental protein costs and lower total feeding costs compared with a diet without distillers. However, feeding diets with steam-flaked corn improved feed conversion regardless of distillers type or level of inclusion. Feeding full fat distillers improved feed conversion relative to de-oiled distillers. Cattle fed de-oiled distillers were more efficient than those fed diets containing no distillers grains. At all corn price and corn-to-distillers price ratios examined, feeding some level of distillers of any type produced a lower total feeding costs relative to a diet without distillers. Different robustness tests were conducted to determine the impact of varying steam flake corn processing costs and the cost of supplemental protein on the optimal level of distillers inclusion level. The break-even cost a producer could pay for steam-flaking corn varied but was significantly higher when corn price was high. Feeding distillers grains in steam-flaked or high-moisture and dry-rolled corn diets resulted in improved feed efficiency, reduced cattle feeding costs, including replacement of other supplemental protein and associated costs compared to a diet without distillers grains.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 471 Elderly Burn Patients in China: A Burn Center-based Study
Authors: Qu Yirui , Liu Tian , Chai Jiake , Hu Fangchao , Duan Hongjie , Chi Yunfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Burns are characterized by difficult treatment, poor prognosis, and high mortality especially in elderly patients. The aim of this paper is to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of elderly burn patients admitted to a major burn center from 2016 to 2020. The data of 471 elderly burn patients admitted to our burn center from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical variables of different age groups were statistically analyzed, and variables related to length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs were analyzed through linear regression models. The mean age of included patients was 69.03 years. Scald injuries accounted for 42.7% of all burns with the extremities being the most commonly affected anatomic site (46.5%). Approximately 67.5% and 5.9% of all patients suffered from full-thickness burns and inhalation injuries, respectively. These patients required more surgical procedures, longer operation durations, and higher costs compared with other burn patients. The mean LOS was 17 days with a mortality rate of 2.1%. There were statistically significant differences in the etiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of burn patients in different age groups. Individualized targeted prevention and treatment strategies should be performed according to the clinical characteristics and relevant risk factors of each patient.
Climatic influences on survival and reproductive transitions of big-eared woodrats in California oak woodland
Authors: Tietje William D , Merriell Brandon , Oli Madan K 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is known that climatic factors can influence the reproductive performance of small mammal populations. However, this information has not been available for the big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis), a keystone species that inhabits the California central coast ranges south to Mexico and the oak woodlands (Quercus spp.) of the western Sierra Nevada foothills. From 2002 to 2014, we livetrapped woodrats on 1.1-ha study plots in coastal-central California and recorded their age and reproductive status. We analyzed these data by a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) framework to estimate state-specific recapture probability (p) and monthly apparent survival (S) of juvenile, non-reproductive, and reproductive adult female woodrats, and the influence of rain and temperature on S and transition probability (Ψ) of the three states. Rainfall from the previous season did not markedly affect survival rates of the states, with one exception: it decreased the survival of nonreproductive woodrats. Nearly all breeding occurred during the cool, wet winter season. Juvenile woodrats had at least a 0.55 probability of breeding by their first winter, conditional on survival. Temperature during the breeding season had a marked negative influence on transition probability. During winter, survival of nonreproductive adult females was significantly higher than for juvenile and reproductive females, indicating a cost of reproduction. Physiological effects and diminished diet quality due to further climate warming could reduce the reproductive success of female big-eared woodrats with negative consequences on population growth and persistence.
The Bardeen–Petterson effect, disc breaking, and the spin orientations of supermassive black hole binaries
Authors: Steinle Nathan , Gerosa Davide 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black hole binaries are driven to merger by dynamical friction, loss-cone scattering of individual stars, disc migration, and gravitational wave emission. Two main formation scenarios are expected. Binaries that form in gas-poor galactic environments do not experience disc migration and likely enter the gravitational wave-dominated phase with roughly isotropic spin orientations. Comparatively, binaries that evolve in gas-rich galactic environments might experience prominent phases of disc accretion, where the Bardeen–Petterson effect acts to align the spins of the black holes with the orbital angular momentum of the disc. However, if the accretion disc breaks, alignment is expected to be strongly suppressed – a phenomenon that was recently shown to occur in a large portion of the parameter space. In this paper, we develop a semi-analytical model of joint gas-driven migration and spin alignment of supermassive black hole binaries taking into account the impact of disc breaking for the first time. Our model predicts the occurrence of distinct subpopulations of binaries depending on the efficiency of spin alignment. This implies that future gravitational wave observations of merging black holes could potentially be used to (i) discriminate between gas-rich and gas-poor hosts and (ii) constrain the dynamics of warped accretion discs.
The recognition of structured elements by a conserved groove distant from domains associated with catalysis is an essential determinant of RNase E
Authors: Clarke Justin E , Sabharwal Kiran , Kime Louise , McDowall Kenneth J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRNase E is an endoribonuclease found in many bacteria, including important human pathogens. Within Escherichia coli, it has been shown to have a major role in both the maturation of all classes of RNA involved in translation and the initiation of mRNA degradation. Thus, knowledge of the major determinants of RNase E cleavage is central to our understanding and manipulation of bacterial gene expression. We show here that the binding of RNase E to structured RNA elements is crucial for the processing of tRNA, can activate catalysis and may be important in mRNA degradation. The recognition of structured elements by RNase E is mediated by a recently discovered groove that is distant from the domains associated with catalysis. The functioning of this groove is shown here to be essential for E. coli cell viability and may represent a key point of evolutionary divergence from the paralogous RNase G family, which we show lack amino acid residues conserved within the RNA-binding groove of members of the RNase E family. Overall, this work provides new insights into the recognition and cleavage of RNA by RNase E and provides further understanding of the basis of RNase E essentiality in E. coli.
Association Between Rheumatic Autoantibodies and Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Mathias Kristen , Rouhani Sherin , Olson Daniel , Bass Anne R , Gajewski Thomas F , Reid Pankti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), closely resemble primary autoimmune or rheumatic diseases. We aimed to understand the clinical utility of rheumatic autoantibodies (rhAbs) for diagnosing irAEs.

Patients and Methods
Patients without pre-existing autoimmune disease (pAID) who had cancer treated with ICI(s) treatment from 1/1/2011 to 12/21/2020 and a rhAb checked were retrospectively identified. Logistic regression assessed associations between autoantibodies and irAEs, cancer outcome, and survival. Specificity, sensitivity, and positive/negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were estimated for key rhAbs and ICI-arthritis. Kaplan-Meier analyzed objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS).

Results
A total of 2662 patients were treated with≥1 ICIs. One hundred and thirty-five without pAID had ≥ 1 rhAb tested. Of which 70/135(52%) were female; median age at cancer diagnosis was 62 years with most common cancers: melanoma (23%) or non–small cell lung cancer (21%), 96/135 (75%) were anti-PD1/PDL1 treated. Eighty had a rhAb ordered before ICI, 96 after ICI, and 12 before and after. Eighty-two (61%) experienced an irAE, 33 (24%) with rheumatic-irAE. Pre-ICI RF showed significant association with rheumatic-irAEs (OR = 25, 95% CI, 1.52-410.86, P = .024). Pre– and post–ICI RF yielded high specificity for ICI-arthritis (93% and 78%), as did pre– and post–ICI CCP (100% and 91%). Pre–ICI RF carried 93% NPV and pre–ICI CCP had 89% PPV for ICI-arthritis. No variables were significantly correlated with ORR. Any-type irAE, rheumatic-irAE and ICI-arthritis were all associated with better OS (P = .000, P = .028, P = .019).

Conclusions
Pre–ICI RF was associated with higher odds of rheumatic-irAEs. IrAEs had better OS; therefore, clinical contextualization for rhAbs is critical to prevent unnecessary withholding of lifesaving ICI for fear of irAEs.
Posterior sampling for inverse imaging problems on the sphere in seismology and cosmology
Authors: Marignier Augustin , McEwen Jason D , Ferreira Ana M G , Kitching Thomas D 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we describe a framework for solving spherical inverse imaging problems using posterior sampling for full uncertainty quantification. Inverse imaging problems defined on the sphere arise in many fields, including seismology and cosmology, where images are defined on the globe and the cosmic sphere, and are generally high-dimensional and computationally expensive. As a result, sampling the posterior distribution of spherical imaging problems is a challenging task. Our framework leverages a proximal Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to efficiently sample the high-dimensional space of spherical images with a sparsity-promoting wavelet prior. We detail the modifications needed for the algorithm to be applied to spherical problems, and give special consideration to the crucial forward modelling step, which contains computationally expensive spherical harmonic transforms. By sampling the posterior, our framework allows for full and flexible uncertainty quantification, something which is not possible with other methods based on, for example, convex optimization. We demonstrate our framework in practice on full-sky cosmological mass-mapping and to the construction of phase velocity maps in global seismic tomography. We find that our approach is potentially useful at moderate resolutions, such as those of interest in seismology. However, at high resolutions, such as those required for astrophysical applications, the poor scaling of the complexity of spherical harmonic transforms severely limits our method, which may be resolved with future GPU implementations. A new Python package, pxmcmc, containing the proximal MCMC sampler, measurement operators, wavelet transforms, and sparse priors are made publicly available.
Eye Movement Abnormalities Can Distinguish First-Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, and Prodromal Patients From Healthy Controls
Authors: Lyu Hailong , St Clair David , Wu Renrong , Benson Philip J , Guo Wenbin , Wang Guodong , Liu Yi , Hu Shaohua , Zhao Jingping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study attempts to replicate in a Chinese population an earlier UK report that eye movement abnormalities can accurately distinguish schizophrenia (SCZ) cases from healthy controls (HCs). It also seeks to determine whether first-episode SCZ differ from chronic SCZ and whether these eye movement abnormalities are enriched in psychosis risk syndrome (PRS).MethodsThe training set included 104 Chinese HC and 60 Chinese patients with SCZ, and the testing set included 20 SCZ patients and 20 HC from a UK cohort. An additional 16 individuals with PRS were also enrolled. Eye movements of all participants were recorded during free-viewing, smooth pursuit, and fixation stability tasks. Group differences in 55 performance measures were compared and a gradient-boosted decision tree model was built for predictive analyses.ResultsExtensive eye-movement abnormalities were observed in patients with SCZ on almost all eye-movement tests. On almost all individual variables, first-episode patients showed no statistically significant differences compared with chronic patients. The classification model was able to discriminate patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.87; the model also classified 88% of PRS individuals as SCZ-like.ConclusionsOur findings replicate and extend the UK results. The overall accuracy of the Chinese study is virtually identical to the UK findings. We conclude that eye-movement abnormalities appear early in the natural history of the disorder and can be considered as potential trait markers for SCZ diathesis.
Three-Year Follow-up of Biomechanical Changes in Very Asymmetric Ectasia
Authors: Koh Shizuka , Inoue Ryota , Maeno Sayo , Maeda Naoyuki , Ambrósio Renato , Jhanji Vishal , Nishida Kohji 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal corneal biomechanical changes in fellow eyes with normal topography in patients with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) for 3 years.

Methods:
Clinical records of 30 patients with VAE who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with VAE were defined as having clinical ectasia in 1 eye and normal topography in the fellow eye. Patients were subdivided into 2 groups based on baseline corneal tomography data: fellow eye with normal topography/tomography (fellow eye with NTT) and fellow eye with normal topography and not normal tomography (fellow eye with NT). Corneal biomechanical assessment with high-speed dynamic Scheimpflug-based corneal imaging was performed at baseline and each follow-up visit on each eye. Longitudinal changes in biomechanical parameters were also investigated. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate changes over time in 2 groups.

Results:
Significant changes in the Corvis Biomechanical Index and the stress–strain index (SSI) (P = 0.023, P = 0.034, respectively) were observed during the 3-year period in fellow eye with NT group, and only SSI showed a decreasing trend over time. A significant association between the SSI and age at the initial biomechanical assessment was observed (P < 0.001). No significant changes during the 3-year period were found in any parameters in fellow eye with NTT group.

Conclusions:
Based on biomechanical evaluation of the cornea over a 3-year period, possible corneal softening in fellow eye of VAE having normal topography and not normal tomography was observed, highlighting the characteristics of progressive ectatic corneal disorder even in a subclinical status. Future studies with a longer follow-up period are required.
COVISHIELD Vaccine–Induced Ocular Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Shweta , Gupta Nidhi , Sangwan Virender 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reaction of the skin and mucosa. The involvement of the ocular mucosa in these cases leads to ocular SJS. The most commonly reported etiological agents for SJS are drugs, viral infections, and vaccination. Here, we present the first ever reported case of ocular SJS occurring secondary to COVISHIELD vaccination, wherein a 62-year-old had an episode of acute SJS within a week of the COVISHIELD booster dose. She presented to us 6 months after the acute episode with infectious keratitis in the right eye and descemetocele in the left eye in chronic SJS with severe bilateral lid keratinization in all 4 lids and healed skin pigmentation typical of SJS sequelae.
Factor Structure of the Agitated Behavior Scale in Traumatic Brain Injury During Posttraumatic Amnesia
Authors: Phyland Ruby K. , Ponsford Jennie L. , Gwini Stella May , McKay Adam 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To investigate the factor structure of the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in posttraumatic amnesia (PTA).

Setting:
Inpatient TBI rehabilitation ward in Victoria, Australia.

Participants:
A total of 364 patients aged 16 to 92 years meeting diagnostic criteria for TBI and PTA admitted between September 2013 and October 2020.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic medical record data.

Main Measures:
The ABS and the Westmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia Scale (WPTAS).

Results:
Exploratory factor analysis uncovered 2 moderately correlated underlying factors (0.52), labeled Restlessness and Aggression/Lability. Two items failed to demonstrate sufficiently large loadings on either factor. Both factors demonstrated adequate reliability (Cronbach α = 0.87 and 0.81 for Restlessness and Aggression/Lability, respectively). Linear regression indicated that higher WPTAS scores were associated with lower levels of Restlessness (β = −.14, P < .001), supporting construct validity. Conversely, WPTAS scores were not significantly associated with Aggression/Lability (β = −.12, P = .08). Subgroup analysis indicated that a history of mood disorder was associated with greater severity of Aggression/Lability (P = .02). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated superior fit of the identified 2-factor solution when compared with previously explored 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-factor structures.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the latent structure of the ABS is best explained by a single construct of agitation with 2 discrete facets reflecting Restlessness and Aggression/Lability. These subscales may be used in clinical practice to evaluate the severity of different aspects of agitated behavior, inform treatment decisions, and judge the efficacy of interventions over time. Further research is required to explain low factor loadings demonstrated by 2 items.
INCOG 2.0 Guidelines for Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Part V: Memory
Authors: Velikonja Diana , Ponsford Jennie , Janzen Shannon , Harnett Amber , Patsakos Eleni , Kennedy Mary , Togher Leanne , Teasell Robert , McIntyre Amanda , Welch-West Penny , Kua Ailene , Bayley Mark Theodore 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Memory impairments affecting encoding, acquisition, and retrieval of information after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have debilitating and enduring functional consequences. The interventional research reviewed primarily focused on mild to severe memory impairments in episodic and prospective memory. As memory is a common focus of cognitive rehabilitation, clinicians should understand and use the latest evidence. Therefore, the INCOG (“International Cognitive”) 2014 clinical practice guidelines were updated.

Methods:
An expert panel of clinicians/researchers reviewed evidence published since 2014 and developed updated recommendations for intervention for memory impairments post-TBI, a decision-making algorithm, and an audit tool for review of clinical practice.

Results:
The interventional research approaches for episodic and prospective memory from 2014 are synthesized into 8 recommendations (6 updated and 2 new). Six recommendations are based on level A evidence and 2 on level B. In summary, they include the efficacy of choosing individual or multiple internal compensatory strategies, which can be delivered in a structured or individualized program. Of the external compensatory strategies, which should be the primary strategy for severe memory impairment, electronic reminder systems such as smartphone technology are preferred, with technological advances increasing their viability over traditional systems. Furthermore, microprompting personal digital assistant technology is recommended to cue completion of complex tasks. Memory strategies should be taught using instruction that considers the individual's functional and contextual needs while constraining errors. Memory rehabilitation programs can be delivered in an individualized or mixed format using group instruction. Computer cognitive training should be conducted with therapist guidance. Limited evidence exists to suggest that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve memory, so trials should include measures to assess impact. The use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is not recommended for memory rehabilitation.

Conclusion:
These recommendations for memory rehabilitation post-TBI reflect the current evidence and highlight the limitations of group instruction with heterogeneous populations of TBI. Further research is needed on the role of medications and tDCS to enhance memory.