bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORBITAL CELLULITIS: A REVIEW OF 21 CASES FROM IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: Bekibele CO , Onabanjo OA 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThis study was set up to review cases of orbital cellulitis admitted to the eye ward of our hospital between 1994 and 1998, and to compare the findings with similar studies. Twenty‐one (14 males, 7 females, age range 45 days to 50 years [mean 13 years]) of 35 patients with an initial diagnosis of orbital cellulitis were reviewed (14 patients were excluded from the final analysis). Most of the cases were associated with pansinusitis, the commonest organism isolated being Staphylococcus aureus. All the patients were co‐managed with ortorhinolaryngologists, and sometimes also with bacteriologists and paediatricians. Seventy‐five per cent of the patients made a full recovery. Complications included orbital abscess (28.6%), optic atrophy (10%), cornea opacities (10%) and seizures (5%). Orbital cellulitis remains a childhood infection with potentially devastating consequences. There appears to have been a reduction not only in the number of cases admitted to the eye ward but also in the number and severity of complications. Prompt treatment and a multidisciplinary approach to management may be partly responsible for the improved outcome. This approach therefore needs to be encouraged.
QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER USE OF THE PATIENT ACTIVATED ATRIAL DEFIBRILLATOR
Authors: Spurrell P , Mitchell A , Kamalvand K , Sulke N 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of long‐term use of the patient‐activated atrial defibrillator for recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) on quality of life (QOL). Fifteen patients were implanted with the Medtronic Jewel AF 7250 device (dual chamber atrial and ventricular defibrillator) for AF only. AF recurrences were treated by out‐of‐hospital patient‐activated atrial defibrillation shocks following the self‐administration of oral sedation. QOL was assessed at pre‐implant and up to one year with SF36, symptom checklist and HADS questionnaires. A total of 238 (median 10) out‐of‐hospital patient‐activated atrial defibrillation shocks were performed. The SF36 demonstrated a trend toward improvement over the 12‐month period compared with baseline values. There was no significant change in the symptom frequency or severity scores. Pre‐implant levels of both anxiety and depression were within the predefined range of normality (6±3 and 3±2, respectively) and no significant change was seen at 6 months (5±4 and 3±3) or 12 months post implant (5±4 and 2±2, respectively). After one year of follow‐up, 13 (87%) patients said they would have the device implanted again (two were undecided). The study demonstrates that patient‐activated atrial defibrillation is a well tolerated therapeutic strategy for maintaining sinus rhythm.
ARIPIPRAZOLE: A REVIEW OF ITS PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL USE
Authors: Taylor DM 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAtypical antipsychotics generally have a lower propensity for extrapyramidal side‐effects (EPSE), hyperprolactinaemia and tardive dyskinesia than that associated with typical antipsychotics but may still produce troublesome side‐effects, such as weight gain, cardiac rhythm changes and impaired glucose tolerance. Aripiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic with a unique receptor binding profile that combines partial agonist activity at D2 and 5HT1A receptors with potent antagonism at 5HT2A receptors. Clinical studies in acute schizophrenic relapse, chronic schizophrenia and acute mania show it is robustly more effective than placebo. Once‐daily aripiprazole 15–30 mg is as effective as haloperidol 10 mg/day and risperidone 6 mg/day in short‐term treatment of schizophrenia and more effective than haloperidol 7–10 mg/day in maintenance of response in chronic schizophrenia. Aripiprazole appears to be well tolerated, with most studies suggesting a frequency of adverse effects similar to placebo. Aripiprazole seems not to cause significant EPSE, hyperprolactinaemia, excessive weight gain or cardiac rhythm disturbance. Limited data suggest that aripiprazole is not associated with impaired glucose tolerance.
UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN A YOUNG ADULT
Authors: Hayward H , McParland P , Schuster‐Bruce M , Vassallo M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAcute epiglottitis is a potentially rapidly fatal illness. Although commonly thought of as a disease affecting children, it is increasingly being diagnosed in adults. We report a case of upper airway obstruction due to epiglottitis in a 37‐year‐old female. The need for early diagnosis because of the risk of a fatal outcome is highlighted.
THE EXPRESS STUDY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors:   Preliminary results presented at the 17th International Congress on Thrombosis in Bologna, Italy, 26–30 October 2002, Eriksson Bengt , Ansell Jack , Agnelli Giancarlo , Dahl Ola , Owen Olwen Glynn 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe phase III trial EXPRESS was a randomised, double‐blind comparison of two anticoagulant therapies used as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) during major elective orthopaedic surgery. The investigational treatment was ximelagatran/melagatran (Exanta), a new direct thrombin inhibitor in both its oral and subcutaneously injectable forms; the comparator was the low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin. Results showed ximelagatran/melagatran was highly statistically significantly superior to enoxaparin in preventing VTE with a relative risk reduction in proximal deep vein thrombosis plus pulmonary embolism of 63.3% (p<0.000002). The relative risk reduction for total VTE was 23.6% (p<0.0003). There were no differences in clinically important bleeding events (fatal bleeding, critical organ bleeding and bleeding requiring reoperation) but excess bleeding assessed subjectively was more common in the ximelagatran group than in the enoxaparin group.
MANAGEMENT OF LIFE‐THREATENING EPISTAXIS IN A JEHOVAH'S WITNESS
Authors: Stark RD , Coatesworth AP , Tucker AG 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses forbid them to receive blood or blood products. We report a case of life‐threatening epistaxis in a Jehovah's Witness, causing severe anaemia (Hb 2.7 g/dl). The successful management of this case and literature relating to this are discussed.
Morphology‐controlled therapeutic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles for mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Youn Dong Hyuk , Tran Ngoc Minh , Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Cho Sung Min , Jung Harry , Lee Aran , Kim Jinhee , Kim Nayoung , Jeon Jin Pyeong , Yoo Hyojong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design and optimization of nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties are at the forefront of biomedical nanotechnology. Cerium oxides are widely used to investigate the effect of morphology on performance. However, elucidating the morphology–activity relationship of cerium oxide nanocrystals in biomedical applications remains challenging. Herein, the therapeutic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies: cerium oxide nanorods with two different aspect ratios (CeOx NRs_A and CeOx NRs_B), cerium oxide nanopolyhedra (CeOx NPs), and cerium oxide nanocubes (CeOx NCs) are investigated in in vivo and in vitro mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation after mild TBI, alleviating cognitive impairment; furthermore, the therapeutic effect is significantly affected by their morphology. Owing to the higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio, exposure of more active crystal surfaces, and greater number of exposed oxygen vacancies, CeOx NRs show better activity than CeOx NPs and CeOx NCs for mild TBI. Among the two investigated types of cerium oxide nanorods, CeOx NRs_A, with a higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio on the surface, appear to spread better than CeOx NRs_B in the injured lesions. The factors causing morphology‐controlled biomedical performance, such as Ce3+/Ce4+ molar ratio, surface area, and aspect ratio, are discussed.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ohkuma Kanako , Sawada Mika , Aihara Masakazu , Doi Shunsuke , Sekine Rie , Usami Satoshi , Ohe Kazuhiko , Kubota Naoto , Yamauchi Toshimasa 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its preventive measures on the glycemic and lipid control in people with diabetes mellitus (DM).Materials and methodsWe conducted this retrospective cohort study from April 2019 to March 2021; we termed the period from April 2019 to March 2020 as the pre‐COVID‐19 period, and the period from April 2020 to March 2021 as the COVID‐19 period, and divided each of these two periods into four quarters.ResultsIn the 1st quarter of the COVID period, when the Japanese government declared the first public health emergency, 3,465 people with diabetes mellitus were receiving treatment, which was 10.4% lower than that in the pre‐COVID period. The annual mean HbA1c level was significantly elevated in the COVID‐19 period. The annual mean total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were also significantly higher in the COVID‐19 period. Although there were no significant differences in the glycemic control or annual medication between the two periods in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the annual mean HbA1c, TC, and TG levels were significantly higher in the COVID‐19 period in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, a significant increase in the percentage of prescriptions for glinides, biguanides, sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in the COVID period.ConclusionsIt appears from our study that COVID‐19 and its preventive measures had a negative impact on the glycemic and lipid control in people with diabetes mellitus.
Detecting Differential Item Functioning in CAT Using IRT Residual DIF Approach
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Choe Edison M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe residual differential item functioning (RDIF) detection framework was developed recently under a linear testing context. To explore the potential application of this framework to computerized adaptive testing (CAT), the present study investigated the utility of the RDIFR statistic both as an index for detecting uniform DIF of pretest items in CAT and as a direct measure of the effect size of uniform DIF. Extensive CAT simulations revealed RDIFR to have well‐controlled Type I error and slightly higher power to detect uniform DIF compared with CATSIB, especially when pretest items were calibrated using fixed‐item parameter calibration. Moreover, RDIFR accurately estimated the amount of uniform DIF irrespective of the presence of impact. Therefore, RDIFR demonstrates its potential as a useful tool for evaluating both the statistical and practical significance of uniform DIF in CAT.
Chinese expert consensus on the application of live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus powder/capsule in digestive system diseases (2021)
Authors: Fang Jingyuan , Yang Yunsheng , Xie Weifen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimDisturbance of gut microbiota is associated with pathological change in multiple diseases. Probiotics can improve symptoms and exert clinical effects via regulation of gastrointestinal microecological environments, and a probiotic product commonly dispensed by Chinese physicians is a combination of live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus in powder/capsule form. It contains three strains—of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis—which can act synergistically to balance the microbiome, regulate immunity, and repair the gut barrier. Although this product has been proven safe and effective in clinical practice, uncertainty remains regarding its use to treat digestive system diseases. To date, there have been no reference standards to guide clinical practice and no relevant expert consensus on this product, in China.MethodsFollowing a literature search, evidence was graded and classified according to the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system and consensus was secured from a panel of 52 experts.ResultsAn expert consensus has been formed, on the clinical application of live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus in various digestive system diseases, to provide reference for its clinical use.ConclusionsBifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule may offer benefits, by regulating the balance of intestinal microecology. It can be used for the treatment and prevention of various digestive system diseases with good overall safety; further research is needed to confirm its application in other contexts. The recommendations in this consensus will be confirmed or refined in light of future research and clinical practice.
Revisiting Real Wage Rigidity
Authors: ELLINGTON MICHAEL , MARTIN CHRIS , WANG BINGSONG 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we provide empirical evidence that real wage rigidity is not a major cause of unemployment volatility. We argue that there is a disconnect between the theoretical and empirical literatures on this topic. While theoretical studies define real wage rigidity as the response of wages to changes in unemployment following productivity shocks, the empirical literature measures real wage rigidity as the estimated semi‐elasticity of wages with respect to unemployment, averaged over all shocks. We show that averaging over shocks gives a biased measure of real wage rigidity, as the impact of other shocks confounds the response to productivity shocks. Our results indicate that the estimated semi‐elasticity with respect to productivity shocks is twice as large as the estimated semi‐elasticity averaged over all shocks. This implies that one cannot attribute unemployment volatility to real wage rigidity.
Diversity under the microscope: Lessons for building belonging in interdisciplinary spaces from the Women in Imaging + Industry bootcamp
Authors: Esbin Meagan , Blackmon Lena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs scientific projects and labs benefit from increasingly interdisciplinary expertise, students and trainees find themselves navigating a myriad of academic spaces, each with its own workplace culture and demographics. A clear example is the interdisciplinary field of optics and biological microscopy which bridges biology, physics and engineering. While Biology PhDs are now >50% women, men in physics and engineering fields still significantly outnumber women, resulting in an imbalance of gender representation among microscopists and other ‘tool innovators’ in the interdisciplinary field of biological microscopy and biomedical optics. In addition to the cultural and cognitive whiplash that results from disparate representation between fields such as Biology, Engineering, and Physics, indifference from institutional leaders to implement equity‐focused initiatives further contributes to cultures of exclusion, rather than belonging, for women. Here we elaborate on the motivation, structure, and outcomes of building a specific affinity‐based bootcamp as an intervention to create an inclusive, welcoming learning environment for women in optics. Considering the presence of nonbinary, trans and other gender minoritised scientists, we recognise that women are not the only gender group underrepresented in biological microscopy and biomedical optics; still, we focus our attention on women in this specific intervention to improve gender parity in biological microscopy and biomedical optics. We hope that these strategies exemplify concrete paths forward for increasing belonging in interdisciplinary fields, a key step towards improving and diversifying graduate education.
An innovative phase 2 proof‐of‐concept trial design to evaluate SAR445088, a monoclonal antibody targeting complement C1s in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Querol Luis , Lewis Richard A. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Van Doorn Pieter A. , Wallstroem Erik , Luo Xiaodong , Alonso‐Alonso Miguel , Atassi Nazem , Hughes Richard A. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare immune‐mediated disease of the peripheral nerves, with significant unmet treatment needs. Clinical trials in CIDP are challenging; thus, new trial designs are needed. We present design of an open‐label phase 2 study (NCT04658472) evaluating efficacy and safety of SAR445088, a monoclonal antibody targeting complement C1s, in CIDP.MethodsThis phase 2, proof‐of‐concept, multicenter, open‐label trial will evaluate the efficacy, and safety of SAR445088 in 90 patients with CIDP across three groups: (1) currently treated with standard‐of‐care (SOC) therapies, including immunoglobulin or corticosteroids (SOC‐Treated); (2) refractory to SOC (SOC‐Refractory); and (3) naïve to SOC (SOC‐Naïve). Enrolled participants undergo a 24‐week treatment period (part A), followed by an optional treatment extension for up to an additional 52 weeks (part B).In part A, the primary endpoint for the SOC‐Treated group is the percentage of participants with a relapse after switching from SOC to SAR445088. The primary endpoint for the SOC‐Refractory and SOC‐Naïve groups is the percentage of participants with a response, compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints include safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and efficacy of SAR445088 during 12‐week overlapping period (SOC‐Treated). Part B evaluates long‐term safety and durability of efficacy. Data analysis will be performed using Bayesian statistics (predefined efficacy thresholds) and historical data‐based placebo assumptions to support program decision‐making.InterpretationThis innovative trial design based on patient groups and Bayesian statistics provides an efficient paradigm to evaluate new treatment candidates across the CIDP spectrum and can help accelerate development of new therapies.
Associations between temporomandibular disorders, pain, jaw and masticatory function in dentofacial deformity patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Madhan Sivaranjani , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Ingerslev Janne , Cornelis Marie , Pinholt Else Marie , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Svensson Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivePatients with dentofacial deformity often present with impaired masticatory function, orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study investigates the relationship between TMD, pain, jaw and masticatory function at different stages of orthognathic surgical (OS) treatment.MethodsA total of 120 OS patients were prospectively recruited and grouped as pre‐orthodontic (group 1), pre‐surgery (group 2), 4‐month post‐surgery (group 3), 24‐month post‐surgery (group 4), in addition to 30 controls (group 0). Outcomes were assessed using: Jaw Function Limitation Scale (JFLS), McGill pain questionnaire, DC/TMD instrument, voluntary maximum bite force (MVBF), and masticatory efficiency (ME) using two‐coloured chewing gum. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe prevalence of non‐painful TMD did not differ between groups (p = .827). However, the prevalence of painful TMD differed between groups (p = .001). Among the painful TMDs, the highest prevalence was observed for masseter myalgia in group 2 (p = .031), and importantly group 4 did not differ from group 0 (p = .948). The MPQ score was significantly higher in group 1 (p = .001) compared to group 0, and the JFLS score was significantly higher in groups 1, 2 and 3 compared to group 0. Notably, MPQ (p = .756) and JFLS (p = .572) scores in group 4 were not different from group 0. However, MVBF (p = .996) and ME (p = .991) did not differ between groups 1 and 4. The association of self‐reported pain and jaw function with the masticatory function was observed in OS patients.ConclusionOS was not associated with a negative impact on TMD. Jaw function and pain levels were similar to controls at the 24‐month follow‐up. The masticatory function was further affected by the surgery and seems to require a longer recovery time. Moreover, it was confirmed that pain and TMD were associated with limitations in jaw function and impacts on masticatory function.
Effects of pork fat and linseed oil as additives on gel quality of fish cake
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Yizhen , Zhang Lin , Li Shengjie , Cheng Qiaofen , Zhu Beiwei , Dong Xiuping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPork fat (PF) is a necessary ingredient in making traditional fish cakes (TFCs), which contains saturated fatty acids with potential health concerns. While linseed oil (LO) containing α‐linolenic acid is a potential nutrient‐enhancing fat substitute. In this study, the effect of pork fat and linseed oil level on gel quality, sensory characteristics, microstructure, and protein conformation of TFCs were characterized. Results showed that the TFCs with 30% pork fat (wt/wt) had the highest gel strength. Additionally, sensory evaluation determined that TFCs with 30% pork fat scored the best by a sensory panel with high gel strength, water‐holding capacity, and fresh and sweet taste. The gel strength, chewiness, and hardness of nutrient‐enriched fish cakes with 20% linseed oil replaced for pork fat were higher than that only with pork fat (wt/wt) without changing in tenderness and elasticity. Visual results showed that the network was uniform at a moderate level of linseed oil addition (20% LO/PF replacement ratio). The results of this study provided technical guidelines for standardizing the TFC manufacture processes, and useful insight for the development of fish cakes with reduced animal fat content for additional health benefits for consumers.
Concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and primary hyperparathyroidism in a mule
Authors: Townsend Kile S. , Johnson Philip J. , Donnelly Lindsay L. , LaCarrubba Alison M. , Lattimer James C. , Havis Brett , Springer Nora L. , Kim Dae Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 26‐year‐old mule gelding was evaluated for chronic weight loss and decreased appetite. The mule had been losing weight and intermittently hypophagic for approximately 7 months. Laboratory analysis of whole blood and plasma identified severe total hypercalcemia, marked hypophosphatemia, markedly increased parathyroid hormone concentration, and marked lymphocytosis. A sestimibi scan intended to identify parathyroid gland tissue was nondiagnostic. Results of flow cytometry and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) were consistent with a B cell lymphoproliferative disorder, likely chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although not previously described concurrently, these conditions may sometimes arise together, complicating definition of the underlying mechanism for weight loss and hypercalcemia in aged equids.