bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar meron-antimeron networks in strained and twisted bilayers
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Chaudhary Gaurav , Slager Robert-Jan , Bousquet Eric , Ghosez Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOut-of-plane polar domain structures have recently been discovered in strained and twisted bilayers of inversion symmetry broken systems such as hexagonal boron nitride. Here we show that this symmetry breaking also gives rise to an in-plane component of polarization, and the form of the total polarization is determined purely from symmetry considerations. The in-plane component of the polarization makes the polar domains in strained and twisted bilayers topologically non-trivial, forming a network of merons and antimerons (half-skyrmions and half-antiskyrmions). For twisted systems, the merons are of Bloch type whereas for strained systems they are of Néel type. We propose that the polar domains in strained or twisted bilayers may serve as a platform for exploring topological physics in layered materials and discuss how control over topological phases and phase transitions may be achieved in such systems.
Aiolos represses CD4+ T cell cytotoxic programming via reciprocal regulation of TFH transcription factors and IL-2 sensitivity
Authors: Read Kaitlin A. , Jones Devin M. , Pokhrel Srijana , Hales Emily D. S. , Varkey Aditi , Tuazon Jasmine A. , Eisele Caprice D. , Abdouni Omar , Saadey Abbey , Leonard Melissa R. , Warren Robert T. , Powell Michael D. , Boss Jeremy M. , Hemann Emily A. , Yount Jacob S. , Xin Gang , Ghoneim Hazem E. , Lio Chan-Wang J. , Freud Aharon G. , Collins Patrick L. , Oestreich Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring intracellular infection, T follicular helper (TFH) and T helper 1 (TH1) cells promote humoral and cell-mediated responses, respectively. Another subset, CD4-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs), eliminate infected cells via functions typically associated with CD8+ T cells. The mechanisms underlying differentiation of these populations are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the transcription factor Aiolos as a reciprocal regulator of TFH and CD4-CTL programming. We find that Aiolos deficiency results in downregulation of key TFH transcription factors, and consequently reduced TFH differentiation and antibody production, during influenza virus infection. Conversely, CD4-CTL programming is elevated, including enhanced Eomes and cytolytic molecule expression. We further demonstrate that Aiolos deficiency allows for enhanced IL-2 sensitivity and increased STAT5 association with CD4-CTL gene targets, including Eomes, effector molecules, and IL2Ra. Thus, our collective findings identify Aiolos as a pivotal regulator of CD4-CTL and TFH programming and highlight its potential as a target for manipulating CD4+ T cell responses.
A hybrid Monte Carlo study of bond-stretching electron–phonon interactions and charge order in BaBiO3
Authors: Cohen-Stead Benjamin , Barros Kipton , Scalettar Richard , Johnston Steven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between electron–phonon (e-ph) interactions and charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the bismuthate family of high-temperature superconductors remains unresolved. We address this question using nonperturbative hybrid Monte Carlo calculations for the parent compound BaBiO3. Our model includes the Bi 6sand O 2pσorbitals and coupling to the Bi-O bond-stretching branch of optical phonons via modulations of the Bi-O hopping integral. We simulate three-dimensional clusters of up to 4000 orbitals, with input model parameters taken from ab initio electronic structure calculations and a phonon energy ℏΩ0 = 60 meV. Our results demonstrate that the coupling to the bond-stretching modes is sufficient to reproduce the CDW transition in this system, despite a relatively small dimensionless coupling. We also find that the transition deviates from the weak-coupling Peierls’ picture. This work demonstrates that off-diagonale-ph interactions in orbital space are vital in establishing the bismuthate phase diagram.
In vitro hair follicle growth model for drug testing
Authors: Kageyama Tatsuto , Miyata Hikaru , Seo Jieun , Nanmo Ayaka , Fukuda Junji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn vitro models of human hair follicle-like tissue could be fundamental tools to better understand hair follicle morphogenesis and hair drug screening. During prenatal development and postnatal cyclic hair regeneration, hair follicle morphogenesis is triggered by reciprocal interactions and the organization of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. Given this mechanism, we developed an approach to induce hair peg-like sprouting in organoid cultures composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Human fetal/adult epithelial and mesenchymal cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with a low concentration of either Matrigel or collagen I. These extracellular matrices significantly enhanced the self-organization capabilities of the epithelial and mesenchymal cells, resulting in spherical aggregation and subsequent hair peg-like sprouting. The length of the hair peg sprouting and associated gene expression significantly increased in the presence of a well-known hair drug, minoxidil. This approach may be beneficial for testing hair growth-promoting drug candidates.
Recurrent activity in neuronal avalanches
Authors: Salners Tyler , Avila Karina E. , Nicholson Benjamin , Myers Christopher R. , Beggs John , Dahmen Karin A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new statistical analysis of large neuronal avalanches observed in mouse and rat brain tissues reveals a substantial degree of recurrent activity and cyclic patterns of activation not seen in smaller avalanches. To explain these observations, we adapted a model of structural weakening in materials. In this model, dynamical weakening of neuron firing thresholds closely replicates experimental avalanche size distributions, firing number distributions, and patterns of cyclic activity. This agreement between model and data suggests that a mechanism like dynamical weakening plays a key role in recurrent activity found in large neuronal avalanches. We expect these results to illuminate the causes and dynamics of large avalanches, like those seen in seizures.
An imperfect spectrum sensing-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol for cognitive radio sensor networks
Authors: Wang Jihong , Liu Chang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMulti-hop clustering routing protocols are potential solutions to achieve effective and energy-efficient data delivery in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). Current clustering routing protocols for CRSNs generally assume perfect spectrum sensing, i.e., false alarm and missed detection are ignored, which may result in collisions with primary users and transmission failure or constrained spectrum usage. To alleviate the impact of imperfect spectrum sensing on network performance, an imperfect spectrum sensing-based multi-hop clustering routing protocol (ISSMCRP) is proposed for CRSNs in this paper. Cluster head (CH) and relay selection criteria are defined based on detection level function of available channels to help select CHs and relays with high spectrum sensing capability. Idle detection accuracy-based intra-cluster and inter-cluster channel selection criterion is proposed to promote successful intra-cluster and inter-cluster data delivery. In addition, control overhead introduced by CHs selection and cluster formation is strictly controlled, and reasonable cluster radii are set to manage the range of control information exchange, so as to reduce the energy consumption caused by control overhead. Simulation results show that compared with the existing clustering routing protocols for CRSNs, ISSMCRP gains obvious advantages in expanding the network lifespan and enhancing the network surveillance capability.
LNA blockers for improved amplification selectivity
Authors: Prout Jaime , Tian Michael , Palladino Alicia , Wright Jason , Thompson John F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLNA-containing oligonucleotides bind DNA more tightly than standard DNA, so they can interact with targeted sequences and affect multiple processes. When a desired DNA is present at low concentrations relative to nearly identical undesired DNAs, LNAs can block amplification of unwanted DNAs. Using a short rAAV and synthetic DNA sequence as a model, we studied the length, number, and positioning of LNA bases to improve blocker effectiveness. Oligonucleotides 18–24 bases long with LNAs at every other position were most effective. Highly degenerate targets were used to characterize the impact of mismatches on blocking. Mismatches at LNA ends had little impact on blocking activity. Single and double mismatches were tolerated with longer blockers, especially if the mismatches were near LNA ends. Shorter LNAs were more selective, with > 1 mismatch preventing effective blocking. Neither the strand to which a blocker bound nor the distance between the blocker and priming sites greatly impacted blocking efficiency. We used these findings to design blockers of wild-type DNA versus the single-base A1AT PiZ allele. Blockers are most specific when the mismatch is located away from the LNA 5′ end. Pairs of partially overlapping blockers on opposite strands with a centrally-located mismatch have maximal activity and specificity.
Tracheoesophageal fistula treated with magnetic compression technique in canines
Authors: Li Yixing , Zhang Miaomiao , Liu Peinan , Zhang Zhixuan , Zhang Hanzhi , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are various surgical methods for tracheoesophageal fistula; however, there is presently no unified standard. Based on the magnetic compression technique, we designed a novel method for the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula. The purpose of this study was to verify its feasibility in an animal experiment. Six beagle dogs underwent surgical repair after constructing a tracheoesophageal fistula model. After the tracheal and esophageal spaces were freed during the operation, two magnets were used to clamp the fistula. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and wound healing were monitored. Samples were obtained 14 days after the operation, and fistula repair was observed. The tracheoesophageal fistula repair operation was successfully completed for all six beagles. The average operation time was 23.67 ± 4.50 min. The average intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 mL. One dog had a postoperative wound infection, and the rest had no postoperative complications. The wound healed well. In all dogs, after specimen collection, it was observed that the fistula was successfully closed and the mucosal layer was smooth and flat. Histological observation showed that the anastomosis was slightly inflamed, the mucosal layer and surrounding tissues were arranged neatly, and the structure was slightly disordered. Magnetic compression technique can be effectively used to repair tracheoesophageal fistula, shorten the operation time, and simplify the operation procedure, and thus, it has the potential for clinical application.
Evidence for cultural differences in affect during mother–infant interactions
Authors: Abu Salih Miada , Abargil Maayan , Badarneh Saja , klein Selle Nathalie , Irani Merav , Atzil Shir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaternal care is considered a universal and even cross-species set of typical behaviors, which are necessary to determine the social development of children. In humans, most research on mother–infant bonding is based on Western cultures and conducted in European and American countries. Thus, it is still unknown which aspects of mother–infant behaviors are universal and which vary with culture. Here we test whether typical mother–infant behaviors of affect-communication and affect-regulation are equally represented during spontaneous interaction in Palestinian-Arab and Jewish cultures. 30 Palestinian-Arab and 43 Jewish mother–infant dyads were recruited and videotaped. Using AffectRegulation Coding System (ARCS), we behaviorally analyzed the second-by-second display of valence and arousal in each participant and calculated the dynamic patterns of affect co-regulation. The results show that Palestinian-Arab infants express more positive valence than Jewish infants and that Palestinian-Arab mothers express higher arousal compared to Jewish mothers. Moreover, we found culturally-distinct strategies to regulate the infant: increased arousal in Palestinian-Arab dyads and increased mutual affective match in Jewish dyads. Such cross-cultural differences in affect indicate that basic features of emotion that are often considered universal are differentially represented in different cultures. Affect communication and regulation patterns can be transmitted across generations in early-life socialization with caregivers.
Hybridization of papain molecules and DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes evaluated by atomic force microscopy in fluids
Authors: Kitamura Masaki , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough various conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules, such as nanobiosensors and nanobiodevices, have been reported, the conjugation of papain and SWNTs have not been reported because of the formation of unexpected aggregates. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid was used to investigate the interactions between papain and DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA–SWNTs) at two different pH values (pH 3.0 and 10.5). The direct AFM observation of the mixture of papain and DNA–SWNTs confirmed the aggregation of papain molecules with DNA–SWNTs in the buffer solutions. The numerous and non-uniform adsorption of papain molecules onto DNA–SWNTs was more pronounced at pH 3.0 than that at pH 10.5. Furthermore, thick conjugates appeared when papain and DNA–SWNTs were simultaneously mixed. The near-infrared photoluminescence spectra of the SWNTs drastically changed when the papain molecules were injected into the DNA–SWNT suspension at pH 3.0. Thus, the regulation of electrostatic interactions is a key aspect in preparing optimal conjugates of papain and DNA–SWNTs. Furthermore, although previous papers reported AFM images of dried samples, this study demonstrates the potential of AFM in liquid in evaluating individual bioconjugates of SWNTs.
Tunable magnetic anisotropy of antiferromagnetic NiO in (Fe)/NiO/MgO/Cr/MgO(001) epitaxial multilayers
Authors: Janus W. , Ślęzak T. , Ślęzak M. , Szpytma M. , Dróżdż P. , Nayyef H. , Mandziak A. , Wilgocka-Ślęzak D. , Zając M. , Jugovac M. , Menteş T. O. , Locatelli A. , Kozioł-Rachwał A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report on the magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic NiO(001) thin films in epitaxially grown NiO/MgO(dMgO)/Cr/MgO(001) system for different thicknesses of MgO, dMgO. Results of X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism show that together with an increase of dMgO, rotation of NiO spins from in-plane towards out-of-plane direction occurs. Furthermore, we investigated how the proximity of Fe modifies the magnetic state of NiO in Fe/NiO/MgO(dMgO)/Cr/MgO(001). We proved the existence of a multidomain state in NiO as a result of competition between the ferromagnet/antiferromagnet exchange coupling and strain exerted on the NiO by the MgO buffer layer.
Full-color micro-LED display with photo-patternable and highly ambient-stable perovskite quantum dot/siloxane composite as color conversion layers
Authors: Shim Hyung Cheoul , Kim Juho , Park So Yeon , Kim Bong Sung , Jang Bongkyun , Lee Hak-Joo , Kim Areum , Hyun Seungmin , Kim Jae-Hyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we successfully fabricated color conversion layers (CCLs) for full-color-mico-LED display using a perovskite quantum dot (PQD)/siloxane composite by ligand exchanged PQD with silane composite followed by surface activation by an addition of halide-anion containing salt. Due to this surface activation, it was possible to construct the PQD surface with a silane ligand using a non-polar organic solvent that does not damage the PQD. As a result, the ligand-exchanged PQD with a silane compound exhibited high dispersibility in the siloxane matrix and excellent atmospheric stability due to sol–gel condensation. Based on highly ambient stable PQD/siloxane composite based CCLs, full-color micro-LED display has a 1 mm pixel pitch, about 25.4 pixels per inch (PPI) resolution was achieved. In addition, due to the thin thickness of the black matrix to prevent blue light interference, the possibility of a flexible display that can be operated without damage even with a bending radius of 5 mm was demonstrated.
Application of the electrical resistivity tomography in groundwater detection on loess plateau
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Dai Fuchu , Liu Pan , Huang Zhiquan , Meng Lingchao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAgricultural irrigation of the South Jingyang tableland in Shaanxi Province, China has led to a continuous rise of the groundwater level and has triggered a series of loess landslides, thereby seriously affecting the life and property safety of local residents. Research shows that the major cause of the landslide in the loess layer of the South Jingyang tableland is the rising groundwater level. Therefore, the research on the formation mechanism of landslide in this area should include the investigation of the stratigraphic structure and groundwater level distribution characteristics. On this basis, a series of approaches, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), borehole, and laboratory tests, was carried out on the South Jingyang tableland, and the groundwater level distribution and stratigraphic structure in the study area were determined. The qualitative relationship between resistivity value and water content at different depths was detected using the inversion results of ERT and borehole data. Through laboratory tests, the quantitative relationship between resistivity values under different water contents was established. The precise depth of the groundwater level was inferred by connecting the qualitative relationship with the quantitative relationship, and then a detailed 3D geological model was established by linking the inversion results of ERT with the field borehole lithology data and geological survey data. The detection results show that when the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the ERT inversion results were combined, the distribution of the groundwater level was accurately judged. The ERT is effective in reflecting the stratigraphic structure and hydrological characteristics of the Loess Plateau, and its potential as a supplementary technology for detecting the groundwater level is reasonable. This study addresses the limitation and inaccuracy in determining the stratum structure and groundwater level by solely relying on borehole information or ERT. The established 3D geological model not only provides a basis for the study of groundwater table fluctuation, but also a technical guidance for the stability evaluation of loess slope, landslide prediction, and early warning in the study area.
Distribution and association of interpregnancy weight change with subsequent pregnancy outcomes in Asian women
Authors: Ku Chee Wai , Cheng Tuck Seng , Ku Chee Onn , Zhou Kathy Xinzhuo , Cheung Yin Bun , Godfrey Keith M. , Han Wee Meng , Yap Fabian , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Loy See Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe extent of interpregnancy weight change and its association with subsequent pregnancy outcomes among Asians remain unclear. We examined changes in maternal body mass index (BMI) between the first two deliveries and outcomes in the second delivery. Medical records of women with their first two consecutive deliveries between 2015 and 2020 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore were retrieved. Gestational-age-adjusted BMI was determined by standardising to 12 weeks gestation and interpregnancy BMI change was calculated as the difference between both pregnancies. Pregnancy outcomes were analysed using modified Poisson regression models. Of 6264 included women with a median interpregnancy interval of 1.44 years, 40.7% had a stable BMI change within ± 1 kg/m2, 10.3% lost > 1 kg/m2, 34.3% gained 1–3 kg/m2 and 14.8% gained ≥ 3 kg/m2. Compared to women with stable BMI change, those with > 1 kg/m2 loss had higher risk of low birthweight (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.36; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.80), while those with 1–3 kg/m2 gain had higher risks of large-for-gestational-age birth (1.16; 1.03–1.31), gestational diabetes (1.25; 1.06–1.49) and emergency Caesarean delivery (1.16; 1.03–1.31); these risks were higher in those with ≥ 3 kg/m2 gain. Our study strengthens the case for interpregnancy weight management to improve subsequent pregnancy outcomes.
The creep model based on nonlinear Newton body under different temperature conditions
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Wei Xiujie , Zhang Yin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMastering the creep deformation characteristics of rock under different temperature conditions is of great significance for studying the long-term stability and deformation mechanism of geotechnical engineering. Based on the classical Burgers model, the creep model under different temperature conditions is established by introducing a nonlinear Newton body. The parameters of the creep model are identified and the influence law of different parameters on rock creep deformation is analyzed. The relationship between model parameters and temperature is quantitatively expressed. The results show that the newly established model can describe the characteristics of the rock in the decay creep stage and the constant creep stage, especially can quantitatively characterize the relationship between the strain and the time of the rock in the tertiary creep under different temperatures conditions. The model fitting curve is highly consistent with the test data, and the correlation coefficient R2 is above 0.98, which thoroughly verifies the accuracy and rationality of the model. It is found that when the temperature is constant, the creep increases with the increase of the shear modulus of the elastomer G1, the shear modulus of the viscoelastic body G2, and the viscosity coefficient of the viscous body η1 in the constant creep stage. The decay creep property of rock is more obvious with the increase of the viscosity coefficient η2, and the axial strain tends to a constant value. The achievement can be used to predict the deformation trend of geotechnical engineering with time under different temperature conditions and provide the theoretical basis for long-term stability analysis.