bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fern cell walls and the evolution of arabinogalactan proteins in streptophytes
Authors: Mueller Kim‐Kristine , Pfeifer Lukas , Schuldt Lina , Szövényi Péter , de Vries Sophie , de Vries Jan , Johnson Kim L. , Classen Birgit 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYSignificant changes have occurred in plant cell wall composition during evolution and diversification of tracheophytes. As the sister lineage to seed plants, knowledge on the cell wall of ferns is key to track evolutionary changes across tracheophytes and to understand seed plant‐specific evolutionary innovations. Fern cell wall composition is not fully understood, including limited knowledge of glycoproteins such as the fern arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Here, we characterize the AGPs from the leptosporangiate fern genera Azolla, Salvinia, and Ceratopteris. The carbohydrate moiety of seed plant AGPs consists of a galactan backbone including mainly 1,3‐ and 1,3,6‐linked pyranosidic galactose, which is conserved across the investigated fern AGPs. Yet, unlike AGPs of angiosperms, those of ferns contained the unusual sugar 3‐O‐methylrhamnose. Besides terminal furanosidic arabinose, Ara (Araf), the main linkage type of Araf in the ferns was 1,2‐linked Araf, whereas in seed plants 1,5‐linked Araf is often dominating. Antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes of AGPs supported the structural differences between AGPs of ferns and seed plants. Comparison of AGP linkage types across the streptophyte lineage showed that angiosperms have rather conserved monosaccharide linkage types; by contrast bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms showed more variability. Phylogenetic analyses of glycosyltransferases involved in AGP biosynthesis and bioinformatic search for AGP protein backbones revealed a versatile genetic toolkit for AGP complexity in ferns. Our data reveal important differences across AGP diversity of which the functional significance is unknown. This diversity sheds light on the evolution of the hallmark feature of tracheophytes: their elaborate cell walls.
Non‐volatile metabolites mediate plant interactions with insect herbivores
Authors: Luo Mei , Li Bin , Jander Georg , Zhou Shaoqun 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYNon‐volatile metabolites constitute the bulk of plant biomass. From the perspective of plant–insect interactions, these structurally diverse compounds include nutritious core metabolites and defensive specialized metabolites. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on multiple scales of plant–insect interactions mediated by non‐volatile metabolites. At the molecular level, functional genetics studies have revealed a large collection of receptors targeting plant non‐volatile metabolites in model insect species and agricultural pests. By contrast, examples of plant receptors of insect‐derived molecules remain sparse. For insect herbivores, plant non‐volatile metabolites function beyond the dichotomy of core metabolites, classed as nutrients, and specialized metabolites, classed as defensive compounds. Insect feeding tends to elicit evolutionarily conserved changes in plant specialized metabolism, whereas its effect on plant core metabolism varies widely based the interacting species. Finally, several recent studies have demonstrated that non‐volatile metabolites can mediate tripartite communication on the community scale, facilitated by physical connections established through direct root‐to‐root communication, parasitic plants, arbuscular mycorrhizae and the rhizosphere microbiome. Recent advances in both plant and insect molecular biology will facilitate further research on the role of non‐volatile metabolites in mediating plant–insect interactions.
Myocardial steatosis impairs left ventricular diastolic–systolic coupling in healthy humans
Authors: Oneglia Andrew P. , Szczepaniak Lidia S. , Jaffery Manall F. , Cipher Daisha J. , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Clegg Deborah J. , Zaha Vlad , Nelson Michael D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that myocardial steatosis contributes to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, but definitive evidence in humans is lacking due to confounding comorbidities. As such, we utilized a 48‐h food restriction model to acutely increase myocardial triglyceride (mTG) content – measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy – in 27 young healthy volunteers (13 men/14 women). Forty‐eight hours of fasting caused a more than 3‐fold increase in mTG content (P < 0.001). Diastolic function – defined as early diastolic circumferential strain rate (CSRd) – was unchanged following the 48‐h fasting intervention, but systolic circumferential strain rate was elevated (P < 0.001), indicative of systolic–diastolic uncoupling. Indeed, in a separate control experiment in 10 individuals, administration of low‐dose dobutamine (2 μg/kg/min) caused a similar change in systolic circumferential strain rate as was found during 48 h of food restriction, along with a proportionate increase in CSRd, such that the two metrics remained coupled. Taken together, these data indicate that myocardial steatosis contributes to diastolic dysfunction by impairing diastolic–systolic coupling in healthy adults, and suggest that steatosis may contribute to the progression of heart disease.
imageKey points
Preclinical evidence strongly suggests that myocardial lipid accumulation (termed steatosis) is an important mechanism driving heart disease.
Definitive evidence in humans is limited due to the confounding influence of multiple underlying comorbidities.
Using a 48‐h food restriction model to acutely increase myocardial triglyceride content in young healthy volunteers, we demonstrate an association between myocardial steatosis and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
These data advance the hypothesis that myocardial steatosis may contribute to diastolic dysfunction and suggest myocardial steatosis as a putative therapeutic target.
Forming and preserving aragonite in shear zones: First report of blueschist facies metamorphism in the Jabal Akhdar Dome, Oman Mountains
Authors: Zuccari C. , Vignaroli G. , Callegari I. , Nestola F. , Novella D. , Giuntoli F. , Guillong M. , Viola G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report the first occurrence of high-pressure metamorphic aragonite in Precambrian carbonates of the Jabal Akhdar Dome in the Oman Mountains (northern Oman). We propose a model for both its formation at blueschist facies conditions and its subsequent preservation to the surface within the tectonic framework of the Late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite. Aragonite formed at temperature ~350 °C and pressure ≥0.9 GPa and is preserved within mylonitic shear zones and in stretched-fiber dilational veins where the necessary conditions for its formation and preservation, such as plastic strain accommodation, fluid-enhanced mineralogical reactions, and an anisotropic permeability structure, were preferentially met with respect to the surrounding rock. High-strain structural domains are ideal sites to look for and study prograde and retrograde high-pressure metamorphic histories in deeply subducted and exhumed terrains.
Relative validity of a Diet Risk Score (DRS) for Chinese American adults
Authors: Johnston Emily A , Park Agnes , Hu Lu , Yi Stella S , Thorpe Lorna E , Rummo Pasquale E , Beasley Jeannette M 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of the nine-item Diet Risk Score (DRS) among Chinese American adults using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. We provide insights into the application of the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) for this population, and report on lessons learned from carrying out participant recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThirty-three Chinese American adults (mean age=40; 36% male) were recruited from the community and through ResearchMatch. Participants completed the DRS and two 24-hour food records, which were entered into the ASA 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) by community health workers (CHWs). HEI-2015 scores were calculated from each food record and an average score was obtained for each participant. One-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlations were used to compare total and component scores between the DRS and HEI-2015.ResultsMean HEI-2015 score was 56.7/100 (SD 10.6) and mean DRS score was 11.8/27 (SD 4.7), with higher scores reflecting better and worse diets, respectively. HEI-2015 and DRS scores were inversely correlated (r=−0.43, p<0.05). The strongest correlations were between HEI-2015 Total Vegetables and DRS Vegetables (r=−0.5, p<0.01), HEI-2015 Total Vegetables and Green Vegetables (r=−0.43, p=0.01) and HEI-2015 Seafood/Plant Protein and DRS Fish (r=−0.47, p<0.01). The inability to advertise and recruit for the study in person at community centres due to pandemic restrictions impeded the recruitment of less-acculturated individuals. A lack of cultural food items in the ASA24 database made it difficult to record dietary intake as reported by participants.ConclusionThe DRS can be a valuable tool for physicians to identify and reach Chinese Americans at risk of cardiometabolic disease.
Institutional Adaptation in Slow Motion: Zooming In on Desertification Governance
Authors: Laurens Noémie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to keep pace with their changing circumstances is crucial for a more effective global environmental governance. Yet, we know little about how new institutional design features are taken up by MEAs, allowing them to evolve over time. Building on Kingdon’s multiple streams theory, I conceive the development of new institutional design features as the association between streams of problems, solutions, and political receptivity at critical moments. I apply this framework to two features introduced within the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) framework and find that the main design entrepreneurs were the UNCCD Secretariat and independent scientists. The article provides important insight into characteristics that can make MEAs more adaptive. Namely, treaty bodies able to generate feedback about problems, push for solutions, and provide windows of opportunity for advocates to present and revise their proposals are found critical to the development of new design features.
On Meme Work
Authors: Knapp Ivan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While memes have been implicated in a loosening of the boundary between illusion and reality during the rise of Trumpism and the COVID-19 pandemic, they have been afforded scarce attention from a psychoanalytic perspective. This essay proposes that Sigmund Freud's language on dream-work can be used to describe the psychical work that these digital items effect. If Freud's terms identify the operations by which unconscious fantasies are inscribed in certain cultural artefacts, their resonance with memetic characteristics suggests that the meme may be a privileged form for investigating the mass mediation of group dynamics. Drawing on the work of psychoanalysts such as Stephen Mitchell, Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, René Kaës, and Didier Anzieu, this text explores how their theoretical frameworks might enrich a conceptualization of the role that memes play within the psychic life of groups.
1. Damaged Roots
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

Susan Fairhurst was born on 24 May 1885 in Bolton, Lancashire. Her father, William Fairhurst, was a journalist, sub-editor of the Bolton Evening News. Her mother, a milliner before marriage, had eleven pregnancies, of whom Susan was the seventh of the eight to survive their first birthday. Her father was a forceful, highly energetic character who was active in the Methodist church. The home was intellectually active, full of books and lively conversation. Susan’s early life was marked by tragedy and loss. When she was seven months old, the brother next eldest to her in age died of measles. Then, after the birth of her youngest child four years after Susan, her mother died of a chronic illness when Susan was six years old.
Shortly afterwards, her father married the nurse who had looked after his wife during her terminal illness. Susan disliked her stepmother and became rebellious both at home and school. In her early teens she lost her religious faith. As a consequence, her father withdrew her from school at the age of fourteen. Her brothers all left home after altercations with their father, so Susan’s later teen years were spent in the company of her sisters.
3. An Academic Marriage
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

Susan was not happy at Cambridge, where, for two years from 1912, she was attached to Newnham College. Compared to Manchester, she found it élitist and patriarchal. Her research project, a study of the use of imagery in spelling, was uninspiring, but she completed it over two years, and a peer-reviewed paper emerged from the findings. She was to carry out no further experimental work.
In 1914, she obtained a post as Mistress of Method in the Infant Department of Darlington Training College. Here she made an impression on her students as a gifted, inspiring, demanding teacher.
While at Manchester, Susan had begun a relationship with William Brierley, a brilliant botany student. They had many common interests. She had continued to visit him while at Cambridge and, during her year at Darlington, they decided to marry. At that time, it was not permitted for women to remain in employment after marriage, so in 1914 Susan resigned her job after a year. The couple lived in a suburb of Manchester for the first year of their married life, while they both worked in academic departments in the University there. Shortly after their marriage, war with Germany was declared and William enlisted. He was invalided out of the Army in 1916. In the meantime, he had been appointed to a post as a botanist in Kew Gardens. Shortly afterwards, in 1918, he was appointed Head of the Department of Mycology in the newly established agricultural research station in Rothamsted, Hertfordshire.
14. Postscript
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

The twenty-first century has seen a continuation of interest in the influence of Susan Isaacs in the field of education and beyond. Since her death, there has been growing interest in the idea of children as individuals with their own interests and personalities on which both parents and teachers should build. It has become more widely understood however that child centred methods of education are likely to benefit some groups, girls and the highly privileged, more than others.
The twenty first century has also seen greater appreciation of the importance of the ideas of Geoffrey Pyke in the development of the educational philosophy of the Malting House School. It is clear that Isaacs herself developed reservations about the totally free disciplinary approach shown in the early days of the school.
Recent scholarship has given greater prominence to Melanie Klein, indirectly through Susan Isaacs, in the popularisation of psychoanalysis, especially in educational circles, in the 1920s and 1930s. In fact, the increasing profile given to psychoanalytic concepts over this period, had many, highly diverse roots. Given the manner in which, in recent years, the lives of so many children throughout the world have been disrupted by war and civil conflict, it is not surprising that Isaacs’s work on the effects of evacuation and family disruption should have roused interest. Her Evacuation Survey may be seen as one of the earliest relevant studies. Finally, and here the evidence is much more tenuous, Isaacs has been seen as an early anti-colonialist. Such claims are unnecessary to establish Isaacs’s reputation, sufficiently well based as it is on her strong claim to fame in the fields of both early education and psychoanalysis.
Listening to Stakeholders II: Adapting Research Products on Subseasonal to Seasonal Heavy Precipitation Events by Exploring Options with Users
Authors: VanBuskirk Olivia G. , Dickinson Ty A. , Schroers Melanie A. , McPherson Renee A. , Martin Elinor R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Extreme precipitation events can cause significant impacts to life, property, and the economy. As forecasting capabilities increase, the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) time scale provides an opportunity for advanced notice of impactful precipitation events. Building on a previous workshop, the Prediction of Rainfall Extremes at Subseasonal to Seasonal Periods (PRES2iP) project team conducted a second workshop virtually in the fall of 2021. The workshop engaged a variety of practitioners, including emergency managers, water managers, tribal environmental professionals, and National Weather Service meteorologists. While the team’s first workshop examined the “big picture” in how practitioners define “extreme precipitation” and how precipitation events impact their jobs, this workshop focused on details of S2S precipitation products, both current and potential future decision tools. Discussions and activities in this workshop assessed how practitioners use existing forecast products to make decisions about extreme precipitation, how they interpret newly developed educational tools from the PRES2iP team, and how they manage uncertainty in forecasts. By collaborating with practitioners, the PRES2iP team plans to use knowledge gained going forward to create more educational and operational tools related to S2S extreme precipitation event prediction, helping practitioners to make more informed decisions.
Environmental Control of Wind Response to Sea Surface Temperature Patterns in Reanalysis Dataset
Authors: Desbiolles Fabien , Meroni Agostino N. , Renault Lionel , Pasquero Claudia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sea surface temperature (SST) is characterized by abundant warm and cold structures that influence the overlying atmospheric boundary layer dynamics through two different mechanisms. First, turbulence and large eddies in the lower troposphere are affected by atmospheric stability, which can be modified by local SST, resulting in enhanced vertical mixing and larger surface winds over warmer waters. Second, the thermodynamic adjustment of air density to the underlying SST structures and the subsequent changes in atmospheric pressure drive secondary circulations. This paper aims to disentangle the effects of these processes and explore the environmental conditions that favor them. Two main environmental variables are considered: the large-scale air–sea temperature difference (proxy for stability) and wind speed. Using 5 years of daily reanalyses data, we investigate the 10-m wind response to SST structures. Based on linear regression between wind divergence and SST derivatives, we show that both mechanisms operate over a large spectrum of conditions. Ten-meter wind divergence is strongly impacted by the local SST via its effect on vertical mixing for midwind regimes in slightly unstable to near-neutral conditions, whereas the secondary circulation is important in two distinct regimes: low wind speed with a slightly unstable air column and high background wind speed with a very unstable air column. The first regime is explained by the prolonged Lagrangian time that the air parcel stays over an SST structure while the second one is related to strong heat fluxes at the air–sea interface, which greatly modify the marine atmospheric boundary layer properties. Location and frequency of the environmentally favorable conditions are discussed, as well as the response in low-cloud cover and rainfall.

Significance Statement
The main objective of this study is to explore the wind response to thermal structures at the sea surface under different environmental conditions using the latest atmospheric reanalysis. Recent literature suggests that fine-scale air–sea interactions affect a large spectrum of atmospheric dynamics, from seasonal to weather-type regimes. It is thus important to characterize the atmospheric response to ocean surface variability. Our findings describe the environmental conditions for which the two main physical processes through which the atmosphere responds to sea surface temperature structures are active the most and can guide the development of high-resolution observing missions and campaigns in specific geographical locations and seasons to retrieve data that can be used to improve parameterization in models.
Non-Gaussian Ensemble Filtering and Adaptive Inflation for Soil Moisture Data Assimilation
Authors: Dibia Emmanuel C. , Reichle Rolf H. , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Liang Xin-Zhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The rank histogram filter (RHF) and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) are assessed for soil moisture estimation using perfect model (identical twin) synthetic data assimilation experiments. The primary motivation is to gauge the impact on analysis quality attributable to the consideration of non-Gaussian forecast error distributions. Using the NASA Catchment land surface model, the two filters are compared at 18 globally distributed single-catchment locations for a 10-yr experiment period. It is shown that both filters yield adequate estimates of soil moisture, with the RHF having a small but significant performance advantage. Most notably, the RHF consistently increases the normalized information contribution (NIC) score of the mean absolute bias by 0.05 over that of the EnKF for surface, root-zone, and profile soil moisture. The RHF also increases the NIC score for the anomaly correlation of surface soil moisture by 0.02 over that of the EnKF (at a 5% significance level). Results additionally demonstrate that the performance of both filters is somewhat improved when the ensemble priors are adaptively inflated to offset the negative effects of systematic errors.
Analysis of Need for Intervention in Low-Grade Traumatic Splenic Injury
Authors: Bontrager Alexandria M. , Ewing John K. , Singh Tanya , Medvecz Andrew J. , Devasahayam Rebekah J. , Smith Michael C. , Guillamondegui Oscar D. 
Published: March 2023

Background Blunt splenic injuries are common traumatic injuries. Severe injuries may require blood transfusion, procedural, or operative intervention. Conversely, patients with low-grade injuries and normal vital signs frequently do not require intervention. The level and duration of monitoring required to safely manage these patients are unclear. We hypothesize that low-grade splenic trauma has a low rate of intervention and may not require acute hospitalization. Methods This retrospective descriptive analysis included patients admitted to a level I trauma center with low injury burden (injury severity score <15) and The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) splenic injuries between January 2017 and December 2019 using the Trauma Registry of the American College of Surgeons (TRACS). The primary outcome was the need for any intervention. Secondary outcomes included time to intervention and length of stay. Results 107 patients met inclusion criteria. 87.9% required no intervention . 9.4% required blood products, with a median time to transfusion of 7.4 hours from arrival. All patients receiving blood products had extenuating circumstances such as bleeding from other injuries, anticoagulant use, or medical comorbidities. 2 patients required splenic artery embolization, one presenting with return precautions 9 days post-injury and 1 with significant comorbidities. One patient with concomitant bowel injury required splenectomy. Conclusions Low-grade blunt splenic trauma has a low rate of intervention, which typically occurs within the first 12 hours of presentation. This suggests that outpatient management with return precautions may be appropriate for select patients after a short interval of observation.