bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Supports and Barriers in Engineering Students’ Processes Toward Career Attainment
Authors: Desing Renee M. , Shermadou Amena S. , Nocera Tanya M. , Delaine David A. , Atiq S. Zahra , Ortiz-Rosario Alexis , Childers Rachel C. , Lewis Racheida S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvidence shows that biomedical engineering students face unique challenges in entering the workforce compared to peers in other engineering majors. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors impacting undergraduate engineering students’ career attainment, or the acquisition of employment in a chosen field, and how the students experienced these factors in their pathways towards post-graduate employment. By studying differences in processes towards career attainment, there is an opportunity to promote equity and better support the inclusion and persistence of women and racially minoritized groups in engineering, particularly their readiness to enter the engineering workforce. We sought to answer two research questions: (RQ1) What contextual factors are identified by engineering students as supports and barriers to their attainment of a career in the engineering field? (RQ2) How are engineering students experiencing inequities in their processes toward career attainment? We conducted six focus groups with undergraduate engineering students at a large Midwestern University. Participants were purposefully sampled based on demographics from four engineering disciplines: biomedical engineering and the three preferred majors for students transferring out of biomedical engineering at our university, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and mechanical engineering. We used social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to inform our data collection and analysis and interpret the findings. The transcripts were analyzed by developing a codebook containing theory-driven codes from SCCT and emergent codes from the data. We identified five themes representing the contextual factors impacting engineering students’ processes toward career attainment: implications of (1) interpersonal relationships; (2) institutional infrastructure; (3) academics; (4) social identity; and (5) out-of-class experiences. We also found that these contextual factors may act as either a support or barrier depending on personal factors such as demographics, personality, or identity. The nuance revealed in this study, that a contextual factor may be both a support and barrier, presents implications for universities to provide more individualized career preparedness resources and recognize the ways that students’ positionalities impact their processes toward career attainment.
Diskontinuitäten der medikamentösen und medizinischen Versorgung älterer türkeistämmiger Versicherter
Authors: Stern Alex , Akbulut Nurcan , Schönfeld Simone , Tezcan-Güntekin Hürrem , Özer-Erdogdu Ilknur , Aslan Meryem , Dortmann Olga , Razum Oliver 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland ansässige türkeistämmige Menschen im Rentenalter halten sich öfter für längere Zeiträume in der Türkei auf. Durch diese Pendelmigration können bei chronischen Erkrankungen Unregelmäßigkeiten in der medikamentösen und medizinischen Versorgung auftreten, die zu einer Verschlechterung des Gesundheitszustands führen. Quantitative Analysen zu Diskontinuitäten bei der Versorgung lagen bisher nicht vor.

Methode
Medikamentöse und Versorgungsdiskontinuitäten bei älteren chronisch kranken türkeistämmigen Versicherten wurden im Vergleich zu den übrigen Versicherten analysiert. Datenbasis waren Versichertendaten der AOK Rheinland/Hamburg aus den Jahren 2012–2018 zur Versorgung bei Asthma bronchiale, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertonie und koronarer Herzkrankheit.

Ergebnis
Diskontinuitäten der medikamentösen und der ärztlichen Versorgung treten, abhängig von der Erkrankung, signifikant häufiger bei türkeistämmigen als bei anderen Versicherten auf. Insbesondere bei Diabetes mellitus und Asthma bronchiale weisen türkeistämmige Versicherte vergleichsweise hohe Chancen für Diskontinuitäten auf. Bei türkeistämmigen Versicherten zwischen 60 und 64 Jahren treten Diskontinuitäten tendenziell seltener auf als bei Versicherten im Rentenalter.

Schlussfolgerungen
Ein Teil der türkeistämmigen Versicherten in Deutschland weist Versorgungslücken auf. Angesichts der Verteilung der Diskontinuitäten nach Versichertengruppe, Alter und Erkrankung liegt Pendelmigration als anteilige Ursache nahe. Ärzt*innen sollten längere Türkeiaufenthalte als mögliche Ursache von Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Medikation und Behandlung der Zielgruppe frühzeitig ansprechen, um inadäquater Versorgung vorzubeugen.
Exploring environmental education programs in oil-producing indigenous communities in Niger Delta, Ogoniland, Nigeria
Authors: Lele Dominic Dummene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEconomic development and environmental development have been long-lasting debates between capitalists and environmentalists. It is also seen as a debate around modernization with globalization at one end and environmental justice at the other end. Our society today is moving rapidly toward development and increased industrial revolutions and globalization. Indigenous communities in Ogoniland are also experiencing such development due to multinationals’ exploration of crude oil in their communities. The exploration of oil has caused environmental, socioeconomic, health and political problems in indigenous communities in Ogoniland. These issues require a depth of understanding from all sectors (public, government and corporate sectors) to address them. Hence, through textual analysis and interviews from the government and environmental social movement organizations, this paper presents the types of environmental educatiSon programs carried out in indigenous communities in Ogoniland to address environmental issues and other socioeconomic issues due to oil exploration. These environmental education programs in indigenous communities contribute to environmental policy creation, the development of environmental curricula and pragmatic actions toward mitigating environmental degradation and socioeconomic issues in indigenous communities. Thus, revealing the significance of indigenous knowledge and practices in addressing contemporary environmental issues.
Is deep learning superior to traditional techniques in machine health monitoring applications
Authors: Wang W. , Vos K. , Taylor J. , Jenkins C. , Bala B. , Whitehead L. , Peng Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant momentum in applying deep learning (DL) to machine health monitoring (MHM). It has been widely claimed that DL methodologies are superior to more traditional techniques in this area. This paper aims to investigate this claim by analysing a real-world dataset of helicopter sensor faults provided by Airbus. Specifically, we will address the problem of machine sensor health unsupervised classification. In a 2019 worldwide competition hosted by Airbus, Fujitsu Systems Europe (FSE) won first prize by achieving an F1-score of 93% using a DL model based on generative adversarial networks (GAN). In another comprehensive study, various modified and existing image encoding methods were compared for the convolutional auto-encoder (CAE) model. The best classification result was achieved using the scalogram as the image encoding method, with an F1-score of 91%. In this paper, we use these two studies as benchmarks to compare with basic statistical analysis methods and the one-class supporting vector machine (SVM). Our comparative study demonstrates that while DL-based techniques have great potential, they are not always superior to traditional methods. We therefore recommend that all future published studies of applying DL methods to MHM include appropriately selected traditional reference methods, wherever possible.
Corporate Law’s Threat to Human Rights: Why Human Rights Due Diligence Might Not Be Enough
Authors: Choudhury Barnali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe take-up of mandatory human rights due diligence (HRDD) initiatives by states is continuously gaining momentum. There are now numerous states adopting some form of HRDD laws. While corporations being duly diligent in respecting human rights is a positive step towards addressing problems of business and human rights, these HRDD initiatives on their own may only be a form of window-dressing, that is, enabling states to put a smart spin on their efforts to address business and human rights issues without addressing some of the root causes of that predicament. As a result, HRDD laws are likely to be a helpful, but insufficient tool for addressing corporate abuse of human rights. One reason for this is because the root cause of many business and human rights problems is the structural elements and goals of corporate law facilitates corporate violations of human rights. So long as states fail to transform the way in which corporations operate – in part, by reconceptualizing corporate law – even the best drafted HRDD laws will be inadequate to halt corporate harms.
Calving, ice flow, and thickness of outlet glaciers controlled by land-fast sea ice in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Kondo Ken , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms driving recent changes in outlet glaciers in Antarctica, we measured the glacier front position, flow velocity and surface elevation of five outlet glaciers flowing into Lützow-Holm Bay in East Antarctica. After a steady advance from 2008 to 2015, all the glaciers synchronously retreated by 0.4–6.0 km between 2016 and 2018. The initiation of the retreat coincided with the breakup of land-fast sea ice in Lützow-Holm Bay in 2016, which resulted in the largest sea-ice loss in the region since 1998. Similar flow variations and surface elevation changes were observed near the grounding line of Shirase, Skallen and Telen glaciers. The slowdown in 2011–15 (by 13%) and the speedup in 2016–18 (by 7%) coincided with the respective increase and decrease in surface elevation. Simultaneous retreat and acceleration after the land-fast sea-ice breakup implies that sea ice has a significant influence on glacier dynamics. Thickening/thinning observed near the grounding line was attributed to a reduced/enhanced stretching flow regime during the deceleration/acceleration period. Our results demonstrate that land-fast sea ice affects not only terminus positions, but also the flow speed and ice thickness of the Antarctic glaciers.
Reliability analyses of linear two-dimensional consecutive k-type systems
Authors: Yi He , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, several linear two-dimensional consecutive k-type systems are studied, which include the linear connected-(k, r)-out-of-
$(m,n)\colon\! F$
system and the linear l-connected-(k, r)-out-of-
$(m,n)\colon\! F$
system without/with overlapping. Reliabilities of these systems are studied via the finite Markov chain imbedding approach (FMCIA) in a novel way. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results established here and also to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed method. Finally, some possible applications and generalizations of the developed results are pointed out.
Traumatic Continuities: Interlocking Violences in Nelly Rosario’sSong of the Water Saints(2002)
Authors: Ramos Flores Nicolás 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines the construction of a multifaceted collective memory through the main female protagonists inSong of the Water Saints(2002) by the Dominican American author Nelly Rosario. By bridging memory studies, Latin American studies, and Afro-Latinx studies, the book examines racial and gendered constructs, intergenerational struggles, US imperialism, and Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship to show the interconnected nature of memorial articulations for subaltern subjects. Through a literary close reading, this article dissects the lives of three generations of female characters—Graciela, her daughter Mercedes, and Graciela’s great-granddaughter Leila—and how they challenge, reinforce, and suffer racialized, political, and gendered subjectivities. By examining intersectional and historical trauma simultaneously, this study contributes to the field of memory, Afro-Latinx, and Latin American studies by showing the muddled construct of memory for Dominicans and Dominican Americans.
Conceptualizing Nativism in Authoritarian Russia: From Nationalist Ideology to Antimigrant Riots
Authors: Fediunin Jules Sergei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rejection of immigration has become a major political factor in many countries throughout the world. The notion of nativism can be used to analyze forms of this rejection insofar as it involves promoting the interests and way of life of “natives” at the expanse of migrants. This article adopts a twofold approach to conceptualize the nativist phenomenon in contemporary Russia. First, I consider discursive expressions of nativism as observed among ethnonationalist actors as well as in the rhetoric of the authorities (especially in the context of Russia’s war on Ukraine), against a background of widespread xenophobia. This reflection draws on interpretations of the slogan “Russia for the Russians.” Second, I consider popular expressions of nativism, including those linked to ethnic violence. I analyze a series of antimigrant riots since the 2000s based on surveys, analysis of the media, and field data. These riots, often supported by organized nationalist actors, involve claims that can be defined as nativist in that they concern protection of natives (korennye) from “foreigners,” understood in ethnic or racial terms and deemed to be the cause of social ills. Overall, this article contributes to comparative studies of nativism in countries that face mass internal or foreign migration.
Towards modelling emergence in plant systems
Authors: Tomkins Melissa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Plants are complex systems made up of many interacting components, ranging from architectural elements such as branches and roots, to entities comprising cellular processes such as metabolic pathways and gene regulatory networks. The collective behaviour of these components, along with the plant’s response to the environment, give rise to the plant as a whole. Properties that result from these interactions and cannot be attributed to individual parts alone are called emergent properties, occurring at different time and spatial scales. Deepening our understanding of plant growth and development requires computational tools capable of handling a large number of interactions and a multiscale approach connecting properties across scales. There currently exist few methods able to integrate models across scales, or models capable of predicting new emergent plant properties. This perspective explores current approaches to modelling emergent behaviour in plants, with a focus on how current and future tools can handle multiscale plant systems.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM GLASGOW INTERNATIONAL RADIOCARBON INTERCOMPARISON
Authors: Scott E M , Naysmith P , Dunbar E 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTGIRI (Glasgow International Radiocarbon Intercomparison) was designed to meet a number of objectives, including to provide an independent assessment of the analytical quality of the laboratory/measurement and an opportunity for a laboratory to participate and improve (if needed). The principles in the design of GIRI were to provide the following: (a) a series of unrelated individual samples, spanning the dating age range, (b) linked samples to earlier intercomparisons to allow traceability, (c) known age samples, to allow independent accuracy checks, (d) a small number of duplicates, to allow independent estimation of laboratory uncertainty, and (e) two categories of samples—bulk and individual—to support laboratory investigation of variability. All of the GIRI samples are natural (wood, peat, and grain), some are known age, and overall their age spans approx. >40,000 years BP to modern. The complete list of sample materials includes humic acid, whalebone, grain, single ring dendro-dated samples, dendro-dated wood samples spanning a number of rings (e.g., 10 rings), background and near background samples of bone and wood. We present an overview of the results received and preliminary consensus values for the samples supporting a more in-depth evaluation of laboratory performance and variability.
Biology and morphometric relationship of gall inducers Contarinia sp. and corresponding parasitoids for swollen galls of Nitraria sibirica pall
Authors: Zhao Qian , Hu Hong-Ying , Kang Ning , Gao Cai-Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGalls function as provide shelter for gall inducers, guarding them against their natural enemies. Previous research has illuminated the interactions between galls, gall inducers, and their corresponding parasitoids within various caltrop plants. However, less is known about these relationships within Nitraria sibirica, particularly regarding the efficacy of parasitism. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the morphometric relationships among the swollen galls, gall inducers, and their parasitoids. Two species of gall inducers and three species of parasitoids were obtained from the swollen galls of N. sibirica. The correlations of the parasitization indexes, the lifespan of gall inhabitants, and temperature and the morphometric relationships between the galls and their inhabitants were analyzed. The dominant gall inducer identified was Contarinia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Furthermore, it was observed that three solitary parasitoids attacked Contarinia sp. in the swollen galls, with only Eupelmus gelechiphagus acting as an idiobiont ectoparasitoid. The dominant parasitoids were Platygaster sp. and Cheiloneurus elegans at sites 1 and 2, respectively, with Platygaster sp. displaying greater abundance than C. elegans in the swollen galls. The lifespan of the gall inhabitants shortened gradually as the temperature increased. Moreover, the optimal number of gall chambers ranged from two to four per swollen gall with maximized fitness, which can be considered the optimal population density for the gall inducer Contarinia sp. Morphometric analysis exhibited a strong linear correlation between gall size and chamber number or the number of gall inhabitants, as well as a weak correlation between gall size and body size of the primary inhabitants of swollen galls. Our results highlight the importance of the biological investigation of parasitoids and gall inducers living in closed galls with multiple chambers and may pave the way for potential application in biological control.
Fashioning the “Inner” (Bāṭin) in Baḥya ibn Paqūda’s Duties of the Hearts
Authors: Michaelis Omer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the seminal work, Direction to the Duties of the Hearts, Baḥya ibn Paqūda (flourished 11th century) aimed to reconstruct Jewish existence on the basis of a fundamental distinction between the “duties of the members” and the “duties of the hearts.” Baḥya’s intent was to instigate a transition towards the internalization of Jewish religious life. This paradigm shift was to take place not only by the shaping of an ideational formation and a new set of distinctions that Baḥya aimed at integrating in Jewish life, but also through a reflective consideration of the state of the Jewish tradition, its transmission mechanisms, historical trajectory, and contemporaneous challenges. As I will demonstrate in this article, in order to realize this transformation, Baḥya utilized a distinction that cross-cuts his work: the distinction between ẓāhir (“external” or “manifest”) and bāṭin (“inner” or “hidden”), that mostly indicates the relation between the manifest sphere of one’s actions and the activity that takes place only in one’s mental space. However, as I argue, this distinction is also applied by Baḥya to the expanse of Jewish “tradition,” pertaining to what was disclosed in it and what was left unimparted, what was communicated and what was kept unsaid, what was remembered and what was neglected.
Mendelssohn and the Protestant Pedants: The Skeptical Rabbis, the Principle of Noncontradiction, and Judaism’s Spiritual Dialogue
Authors: Strauss Ze’ev 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study explores the extent to which Mendelssohn’s Jerusalem engages with Protestant sources in its portrayal of rabbinic tradition, which will allow further light to be shed on the pivotal role of rabbinic Judaism and its representations within the emotionally charged polemics surrounding Jewish emancipation in eighteenth-century Prussia. This examination demonstrates that Mendelssohn’s idealized perception of rabbinic thought is deeply embedded in anti-rabbinic Protestant works, whose framework aids him in shaping his own unique outlook. By analyzing Mendelssohn’s deployment of the notion of contradiction, this article shows how his argumentative strategies in Jerusalem efficaciously counter well-known Protestant patterns of critique against rabbinic Judaism. By focusing on his idiosyncratic quotations and insinuations, it recovers the Christian works that he draws on and appropriates for his apologetic objectives and establishes that he uses Johann A. Eisenmenger for his depiction of the nature of rabbinic discursive practices while speaking out against “many a pedant” for their assertion that the rabbis disregarded the principle of noncontradiction. This article argues that Mendelssohn is alluding to eighteenth-century Protestant theologians who unreservedly follow Eisenmenger’s anti-rabbinic perspective and elaborates on how Mendelssohn entirely reframes this view as a conceptual strength of Judaism’s dialogical essence, thus rendering it compatible with the Enlightenment-based Weltanschauung.
A voxel- and source-based morphometry analysis of grey matter volume differences in very-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis
Authors: Van Assche Lies , Takamiya Akihiro , Van den Stock Jan , Van de Ven Luc , Luyten Patrick , Emsell Louise , Vandenbulcke Mathieu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVery-late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) is associated with significant burden. Its clinical importance is increasing as the global population of older adults rises, yet owing to limited research in this population, the neurobiological underpinnings of VLOSP remain insufficiently clarified. Here we address this knowledge gap using novel morphometry techniques to investigate grey matter volume (GMV) differences between VLOSLP and healthy older adults, and their correlations with neuropsychological scores.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated whole-brain GMV differences between 35 individuals with VLOSLP (mean age 76.7, 26 female) and 36 healthy controls (mean age 75.7, 27 female) using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and supplementary source-based morphometry (SBM) on high resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI images. Additionally, we investigated relationships between GMV differences and cognitive function assessed with an extensive neuropsychological battery.ResultsVBM showed lower GMV in the thalamus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left insula in patients with VLOSLP compared to healthy controls. SBM revealed lower thalamo-temporal GMV in patients with VLOSLP. Processing speed, selective attention, mental flexibility, working memory, verbal memory, semantic fluency and confrontation naming were impaired in patients with VLOSLP. Correlations between thalamic volumes and memory function were significant within the group of individuals with VLOSLP, whereas no significant associations remained in the healthy controls.ConclusionsLower GMV in the thalamus and fronto-temporal regions may be part of the underlying neurobiology of VLOSLP, with lower thalamic GMV contributing to memory impairment in the disorder.