bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tree species and seed origin on climate change trial outcomes in Southern Ontario
Authors: Pedlar John H. , McKenney Daniel W. , Allen Darren J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnder a changing climate, species will need to rapidly adapt to novel conditions at existing locations, migrate to track suitable climate, or risk widespread declines. For sessile, slow-migrating organisms like trees, adaptive capacity is expected to be particularly important for survival. Alternatively, assisted migration has been proposed as a means to help align tree populations with shifting climate habitats. Here we report on the performance of seed sources and species at broadleaf and conifer climate change trials at 10 and 11 years after planting, respectively. The trials were established in southern Ontario – an important transition zone between boreal and temperate ecosystems – and were designed to assess: (1) the assisted migration potential of six broadleaf species (via northward movements of seed sources), and (2) the adaptive capacity of three conifer species (via southward movements of seed sources). Both broadleaf and coniferous seed sources tolerated significant movements while maintaining reasonable growth and survival rates. In fact, several coniferous seed sources exhibited relatively high growth and survival rates despite southward transfers of more than 1000 km (> 5 °C mean annual temperature) – indicating considerable adaptive capacity to climate change in these northern conifer populations. Furthermore, several of the broadleaf species exhibited high levels of growth and survival despite being planted at, or beyond, their current northern range limits – suggesting the potential for modest range expansions via assisted migration. Despite caveats related to the relatively young age of the plantations and deer browsing at the site, these findings help forest managers better understand potential climate change impacts and assisted migration outcomes.
Carrot genotypes differentially alter soil bacterial communities and decomposition of plant residue in soil
Authors: Triviño Narda J. , Rodriguez-Sanchez Alejandro , Filley Timothy , Camberato James J. , Colley Micaela , Simon Phillip , Hoagland Lori 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Farmers need alternative approaches to manage nitrogen (N) that meet crop needs while reducing loss to the environment. Identifying crop genotypes that promote decomposition of organic materials and understanding the potential mechanisms responsible could help address this challenge. Consequently, we aimed to 1) determine whether carrot genotypes differ in their potential to facilitate organic matter decomposition in soil, and 2) identify bacterial taxa that are stimulated by carrot roots, and thus could play a role in these processes.

Methods
We grew five genotypes expected to differ in N use efficiency in a nutrient-poor soil amended with 15 N-enriched corn residue, tracked changes in carbon (C) and N pools, quantified microbial activity and bacterial community composition, and predicted the potential expression of microbial genes involved in soil C and N cycles.

Results
Experimental genotype 8503 had the greatest capacity to promote decomposition of corn residues. This genotype had the highest % of N from the corn residue in its taproots and on average, promoted higher b-glucosidase activity in soils. Distinct bacterial communities from the families Micromonosporaceae, Chromatiaceae, and Rhodospirillaceae were also enriched in the soils of genotypes like 8503 that were most effective in obtaining N from the corn residue, and this was correlated with greater potential expression of genes responsible for β-glucosidase and nitrification activity.

Conclusions
Carrot genotypes do differ in their potential to alter soil bacterial communities and stimulate microbially-mediated decomposition of organic materials indicating that it may be possible to begin selecting for this important trait.
Prevention Science and Health Equity: A Comprehensive Framework for Preventing Health Inequities and Disparities Associated with Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class
Authors: Biglan Anthony , Prinz Ronald J. , Fishbein Diana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ultimate goal of our public health system is to reduce the incidence of disability and premature death. Evidence suggests that, by this standard, the USA falls behind most other developed countries largely as a function of disparities in health outcomes among significant portions of the US population. We present a framework for addressing these disparities that attributes them, not simply to differences in the behavioral and physical risk factors, but to social, environmental, and structural inequities such as poverty, discrimination, toxic physical setting, and the marketing of harmful products. These inequities result from de facto and instituted public policies. An analysis of the NIH research portfolio indicates a relative lack of investment in experimental evaluations of preventive interventions—especially studies targeting disadvantaged populations. Moreover, experimental research on reducing social inequities is almost entirely lacking. A line of research focusing on the drivers of inequities and their dissolution must include experimental evaluation of strategies for getting policies adopted that will reduce inequities. In conclusion, a summary is provided of the types of research that are needed and the challenges involved in conducting the experimental research that is essential for reducing inequities and disparities and, in turn, prolonging life.
Using Prevention Research to Reduce Racial Disparities in Health Through Innovative Funding Strategies: The Case of Doula Care
Authors: Temple Judy A. , Varshney Nishank 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Racial disparities in maternal birth outcomes are substantial even when comparing women with similar levels of education. While racial differences in maternal death at birth or shortly afterward have attracted significant attention from researchers, non-fatal but potentially life-threatening pregnancy complications are 30–40 times more common than maternal deaths. Black women have the worst maternal health outcomes. Only recently have health researchers started to view structural racism rather than race as the critical factor underlying these persistent inequities. We discuss the economic framework that prevention scientists can use to convince policymakers to make sustainable investments in maternal health by expanding funding for doula care. While a few states allow Medicaid to fund doula services, most women at risk of poor maternal health outcomes arising from structural racism lack access to culturally sensitive caregivers during the pre-and post-partum periods as well as during birth. We provide a guide to how research in health services can be more readily translated to policy recommendations by describing two innovative ways that cost–benefit analysis can help direct private and public funding to support doula care for Black women and others at risk of poor birth outcomes.
Development of a standard set of PROs and generic PROMs for Dutch medical specialist care
Authors: Oude Voshaar Martijn , Terwee Caroline B. , Haverman Lotte , van der Kolk Bas , Harkes Marleen , van Woerden Christiaan S. , van Breda Fenna , Breukink Stephanie , de Hoop Irma , Vermeulen Hester , de Graaf Evelien , Hazelzet Jan , van Leiden Barbara , Stienen Jozette , Hoekstra Marian , Bart Hans , van Bommel Hester , Determann Domino , Verburg Mariët , van der Wees Philip , Beurskens Anna J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The added value of measuring patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for delivering patient-centered care and assessment of healthcare quality is increasingly evident. However, healthcare system wide data collection initiatives are hampered by the proliferation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and conflicting data collection standards. As part of a national initiative of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport we developed a consensus-based standard set of generic PROs and PROMs to be implemented across Dutch medical specialist care.

Methods
A working group of mandated representatives of umbrella organizations involved in Dutch medical specialist care, together with PROM experts and patient organizations worked through a structured, consensus-driven co-creation process. This included literature reviews, online expert and working group meetings, and feedback from national patient- and umbrella organizations. The ‘PROM-cycle’ methodology was used to select feasible, valid, and reliable PROMs to obtain domain scores for each of the PROs included in the set.

Results
Eight PROs across different domains of health were ultimately endorsed: symptoms (pain & fatigue), functioning (physical, social/participation, mental [anxiety & depression]), and overarching (quality of life & perceived overall health). A limited number of generic PROMs was endorsed. PROMIS short forms were selected as the preferred instruments for all PROs. Several recommendations were formulated to facilitate healthcare system level adoption and implementation of the standard set.

Conclusions
We developed a consensus-based standard set of Generic PROMs and a set of recommendations to facilitate healthcare system wide implementation across Dutch medical specialist care.
Policy-Development and Deference to Moral Experts
Authors: Elster Jakob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe involvement of ethicists, philosophers or others who might qualify as ‘moral experts’ in policy-development, where they are sometimes, typically as members of a committee, given an advisory role, is often seen as problematic, for several reasons. First, there may be doubts as to the very existence of moral experts, and it may be hard to know who the moral experts are. Next, even if these problems are solved, giving experts a special role in policy-making might be problematic from a democratic point of view, if it involves politicians deferring to the moral judgements of experts. The paper considers possible replies to this problem of moral deference. One reply is that moral deference is unnecessary, because even moral non-experts are well equipped to assess the arguments offered by moral experts; I argue that this reply underestimates the complexity of moral arguments. Another reply is that if moral experts are simply given the ‘technical’ role of clarifying which concrete positions that follow from the values which decision-makers already accept, deference is not problematic. I will argue that this reply underestimates how a given set of moral values underdetermines which concrete positions follow from it. Finally, I will consider and defend the reply that since policy decisions are subject to a requirement that they be justified within the limits of public reason, and since these limits include a requirement that the justification be accessible, moral experts are barred from providing policy advice which rests on too complex moral arguments.
EU MECI: A Network-Structured Indicator for a Union of Equality
Authors: Lapatinas Athanasios , Katsaiti Marina-Selini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow are the Member States performing in their challenge toward a fairer and more equal Europe? Based on the data measured by the EU Multidimensional Inequality Monitoring Framework (EU MIMF), we introduce the Multidimensional Equality Complexity Index, EU MECI, derived by structuring the EU MIMF data as a bipartite network of countries and indicators. EU MECI is defined upon the economic complexity methodology, exploiting the network’s centrality metrics to calculate aggregate scores of the capacity of Member States to ‘build a Union of equality’.
Simulation comparisons between Bayesian and de-biased estimators in low-rank matrix completion
Authors: Mai The Tien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the low-rank matrix completion problem, a class of machine learning problems, that aims at the prediction of missing entries in a partially observed matrix. Such problems appear in several challenging applications such as collaborative filtering, image processing, and genotype imputation. We compare the Bayesian approaches and a recently introduced de-biased estimator which provides a useful way to build confidence intervals of interest. From a theoretical viewpoint, the de-biased estimator comes with a sharp minimax-optimal rate of estimation error whereas the Bayesian approach reaches this rate with an additional logarithmic factor. Our simulation studies show originally interesting results that the de-biased estimator is just as good as the Bayesian estimators. Moreover, Bayesian approaches are much more stable and can outperform the de-biased estimator in the case of small samples. In addition, we also find that the empirical coverage rate of the confidence intervals obtained by the de-biased estimator for an entry is absolutely lower than of the considered credible interval. These results suggest further theoretical studies on the estimation error and the concentration of Bayesian methods as they are quite limited up to present.
A Balancing Act: How Professionals in the Foster Care System Balance the Harm of Intimate Partner Violence as Compared to the Harm of Child Removal
Authors: Liévano-Karim Laura , Thaxton Taylor , Bobbitt Cecilia , Yee Nicole , Khan Mariam , Franke Todd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe striking prevalence of child exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated adverse health outcomes necessitates a robust response from professionals who must grapple with the ethical dilemma of how to serve and support children in these circumstances. In 2020, 42 participants from four different professional backgrounds (attorneys, nonprofit leadership, licensed therapists, and social workers) were interviewed or participated in a focus group discussion. All groups acknowledged the shortfalls of current intervention practices, which often result in child removal. Group 1, which included social workers that work for children’s legal services, minor’s counsel, and Los Angeles Department of Child and Family Services social workers, were more conflicted in their recommendations for change. Some Group 1 participants recommended more training, while others thought more training would make little difference and recommended more substantial changes to prevent child removal when possible. Group 2, which included parents’ counsel, and Group 3, which included social workers, attorneys, and nonprofit leadership at IPV nonprofits, were more closely aligned in their recommendations, primarily focusing on systemic changes to the child welfare system. Participants whose employment required them to advocate for parents tend to view child removal from a non-offending parent as harmful for both the child and IPV survivor. These findings illuminate how the perspectives of these diverse participants are influenced by their professional and personal experiences.
How can human values influence work engagement among teachers? an exploratory study
Authors: Coelho Gabriel Lins de Holanda , da Fonsêca Patrícia Nunes , Vilar Roosevelt , de Carvalho Mendes Luis Augusto , Gouveia Valdiney Veloso 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman values provide essential insights into how personal characteristics can help build a more positive work environment within an educational context, impacting variables such as organizational commitment and satisfaction with university life. However, it is still unknown to what extent values can help to influence the teachers’ level of work engagement. That is, whether specific values can lead people to present a higher motivation at work. Therefore, we conducted one study (N = 345; Mage = 36.45, SDage = 10.33) to assess teachers’ associations between human values and work engagement. We used the Basic Values Survey and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. To evaluate the data, we checked the associations between the variables using Pearson’s correlations and whether human values could significantly predict work engagement using hierarchical regressions. Our results showed that all values significantly correlate to the work engagement dimensions. However, only interactive values (e.g., affectivity, belonging, support), characterized by the motivation to develop and maintain relationships with others, significantly predicted work engagement. Such findings highlight the importance of an environment that allows the development and maintenance of relationships between teachers and their peers and students, favoring a more excellent state of mind towards their work and enhancing their motivation to do their job. We are confident that our research brings novelty to the literature on work engagement, providing the first assessment of human values’ impact on teachers’ motivation towards work.
Application of covalent organic frameworks and metal–organic frameworks nanomaterials in organic/inorganic pollutants removal from solutions through sorption-catalysis strategies
Authors: Chen Zhongshan , Li Yang , Cai Yawen , Wang Suhua , Hu Baowei , Li Bingfeng , Ding Xiaodong , Zhuang Li , Wang Xiangke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the fast development of agriculture, industrialization and urbanization, large amounts of different (in)organic pollutants are inevitably discharged into the ecosystems. The efficient decontamination of the (in)organic contaminants is crucial to human health and ecosystem pollution remediation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted multidisciplinary research interests because of their outstanding physicochemical properties like high stability, large surface areas, high sorption capacity or catalytic activity. In this review, we summarized the recent works about the elimination/extraction of organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, and radionuclides by MOFs and COFs nanomaterials through the sorption-catalytic degradation for organic chemicals and sorption-catalytic reduction-precipitation-extraction for metals or radionuclides. The interactions between the (in)organic pollutants and COFs/MOFs nanomaterials at the molecular level were discussed from the density functional theory calculation and spectroscopy analysis. The sorption of organic chemicals was mainly dominated by electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, surface complexation and H-bonding interaction, whereas the sorption of radionuclides and metal ions was mainly attributed to surface complexation, ion exchange, reduction and incorporation reactions. The porous structures, surface functional groups, and active sites were important for the sorption ability and selectivity. The doping or co-doping of metal/nonmetal, or the incorporation with other materials could change the visible light harvest and the generation/separation of electrons/holes (e−/h+) pairs, thereby enhanced the photocatalytic activity. The challenges for the possible application of COFs/MOFs nanomaterials in the elimination of pollutants from water were described in the end.
Vitamin D: determinants of status, indications for testing and knowledge in a convenience sample of Irish adults
Authors: Scully Helena , Laird Eamon J. , Healy Martin , Crowley Vivion , Walsh James Bernard , McCarroll Kevin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is common in Irish adults, though there is limited research on its determinants, knowledge of vitamin D or indications for testing. We aimed to explore the determinants of vitamin D status in adults and examine knowledge and reasons for testing. The study population comprised adults who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D tested by general practitioners request at a Dublin Hospital in 2020. Questionnaires detailing dietary intake, sun exposure, ethnicity, biophysical factors and vitamin D knowledge were sent to a sample stratified by age, sex and vitamin D status. In total, there were 383 participants, mean age 56·0 (sd 16·6) years. Wintertime deficiency disproportionally affected non-white v. white (60 % v. 24 %, P < 0·001). The greatest predictors of deficiency were low vitamin D intake (< 10 μg/d) (P < 0·001) and non-white ethnicity (P = 0·006), followed by sun avoidance (P = 0·022). It was also more prevalent in those with lower body exposure when outdoors. The majority (86 %) identified vitamin D as important for bone health. However, 40 % were tested for non-clinical indications and half were not aware of the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Low vitamin D intake was the most important determinant of deficiency, but ethnicity and sun exposure habits were also significant predictors. The majority had no clear indication for testing and were not aware of the RDA. Public health policies to improve knowledge and vitamin D intake, especially for those of non-white ethnicity and with reduced sun exposure, should be considered.
Jonasian Gnosticism
Authors: Sariel Aviram 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article proposes that Jonas’s understanding of gnosticism differs substantially from the account typically associated with him. That standard account takes the basic tenets of existentialism as the foundation to its discussion of alienated individuality, whereas Jonas’s system uses neo-Kantian epistemology to construct both alienation and individuality out of a unified field of human interaction. Within his framework, gnosticism is a single historical-philosophical episode of inauthenticity, highly influential yet isolated in time, unlike the ubiquitous understanding of it. This article reviews Jonas’s system, elements of its early and later acceptance, along with selected issues raised by critics, from Heidegger and Scholem to Colpe, Yamauchi, Williams, and King.
How Jewish Orthodoxy Became a State: Isaac Breuer and the Invention of the Statist Theocracy
Authors: Ben Ami Itamar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article traces the incorporation of the modern state and the notion of sovereignty into Jewish Orthodox thought, culminating in the idea that the role of Orthodoxy is to establish a statist theocracy. Unlike narratives that emphasize the continuation of theocratic thought from ancient to modern Judaism on the one hand, and the relationship between religious Zionism and contemporary forms of Jewish theocracy on the other, my research reveals a fundamentally anti-Zionist, ultra-Orthodox layer in the doctrine of statist theocracy, through a novel reading of the early writings of one of the leaders of Agudath Israel, Isaac Breuer (1883–1946). During the 1920s, Breuer coined terms such as Gottesstaat and Torastaat, which informed broader theocratic discussions into the 1930s. The article examines the intellectual history of this discourse and the grammar of this doctrine, identifying in it ultra-Orthodox reasoning such as an aversion to secularism and modern nationalism, resistance to a redemptive, kookian philosophy of history, and adherence to the “Rule of Torah.”