bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflectance spectroscopy in the prediction of soil organic carbon associated with humic substances
Authors: Ribeiro Sharon Gomes , Oliveira Marcio Regys Rabelo de , Lopes Letícia Machado , Costa Mirian Cristina Gomes , Toma Raul Shiso , Araújo Isabel Cristina da Silva , Moreira Luis Clenio Jario , Teixeira Adunias dos Santos 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Understanding organic carbon and predominant humic fractions in the soil allows contributes to soil quality management. Conventional fractionation techniques require time, excessive sampling, and high maintenance costs. In this study, predictive models for organic carbon in humic substances (HS) were evaluated using hyperspectral data as an alternative to chemical fractionation and quantification by wet digestion. Twenty-nine samples of Neossolos Flúvicos (Fluvents) - A1, and 36 samples of Cambissolos (Inceptisols) - A2 were used. The samples were also analyzed jointly, creating a third sample group - A1&A2. Untransformed spectral reflectance factors were obtained using the FieldSpec Pro FR 3 hyperspectral sensor (350–2500 nm). Pre-processing techniques were employed, including Savitzky–Golay smoothing and first- and second-order derivative analysis. After selecting variables using the Backward method, which removes spectral variables that are not statistically significant for the regression. Estimation models were built by Principal Components Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The spectral data were evaluated individually for soil classes A1 and A2, and jointly for A1&A2. The PLSR was more efficient than PCR, especially for the estimation models that used the first derivative of reflectance employing the three sample groups. For samples of A1, the best estimate was seen for humic acid (RPD = 6.09) and humin (RPD = 2.38); for A2, the best models estimated the OC in fulvic acid (RPD = 2.35) and humin (RPD = 2.51); and for the joint spectral data (A1&A2), the prediction was robust for humin only (RPD = 2.01). The most representative wavelengths were observed using the first derivative with PLSR and PCR, centred on the region between 1600 and 1800 nm. The first-derivative of reflectance calculated more-robust predictive models using PLSR than PCR. The best predictions occurred for organic carbon associated with humic acid in Neossolos Flúvicos, with fulvic acid in Cambissolos, and with humin in both soil classes.
Earthworms in the state of Paraná, Brazil: State of the art
Authors: Dudas Rafaela Tavares , Demetrio Wilian Carlo , Nadolny Herlon Sergio , Brown George Gardner , Bartz Marie Luise Carolina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Paraná State has approximately 74 % of its territory destined for agricultural activities. Several agricultural management practices modify soil quality and biodiversity, including earthworm populations that can contribute to soil health. This study aimed to review the studies carried out in the state of Paraná, Brazil, focusing on earthworm populations (abundance, biomass, richness, proportion of native and exotic species) in different land-use systems. In total, 51 publications were compiled, including peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, dissertations and theses. We used studies that analyzed chemical and physical soil properties (n = 14) to perform a principal component analysis to explore the relationships between these properties and earthworm populations. In total, 90 earthworm species are known from Paraná, of which more than half (n = 46) may be new species that still must be formally described. Of the total, 24 are exotic and 66 are native species, though only 62 (16 %) of the 399 counties have earthworm records. Of the land-use categories sampled, the lowest abundance and biomass were recorded in annual crops under conventional tillage, and the highest populations were found in agroforestry systems. Higher earthworm abundance and species richness were related to higher chemical fertility (soil P and base contents), while biomass was related to higher silt and sand contents.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENDETEKSI KEBAKARAN BERBASIS IOT DAN SMS GATEWAY MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO
Authors: Sari Viona Novita , Zulkifli  , Antony Fery 
Published: January 2025

Fire is the occurrence of unwanted and difficult to control fires. Fires are not only caused by human or technical factors and even cause many victims, fires are also catastrophic events that occur unexpectedly when they occur. In order to mitigate the catastrophes that develop in outer space, this research can design, build, and test systems that can communicate directly over the Internet using IoT technology that sends data via SMS and telephone. This research allows the manufacture and improvement of detectors that have previously been tried with different tools and different versions. This test determines the performance of fire and smoke detectors, carried out 10 times at a distance of is less than or equal to 35 cm. The detection system uses Arduino as the main component. a microcontroller that processes input data from two sensors, namely the smoke/gas sensor Mq-2 and the fire sensor Ky-026 as detectors for the two sensors. can be used as a fire alarm system, using the LCD screen as the output value, and the GSM SIM800L v1 module, used as an information service, automatically sends notifications as SMS to smartphones. Therefore, the higher the fire and smoke values tested, the more sensitive and the value increases. Therefore, this study concludes that the fire sensor Ky-026 and smoke sensor Mq-02 can detect distances up to is less than or equal to 35 cm. Data messages can be received within 7.2 seconds
Assessment of quality of presentation of clinical trial results in Russia in accordance with CONSORT standards
Authors: Kasimova A. R. , Guseinova N. M. 
Published: January 2025

The gold standard for presenting evidence of the effectiveness and safety of medical procedures is randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For the research results to be available to other specialists and have potential weight in the scientific community, they must be described and published in accordance with generally accepted international standards, CONSORT, or Consolidated standards of reporting trials.Objective: to analyze the quality of presenting the results of clinical trials in the Russian Federation in accordance with CONSORT standards.Materials and methods. The following Russian journals were selected for the study: "Scientific and Practical Rheumatology", "Good Clinical Practice", "Social and Clinical Psychiatry", "S. S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry". The selection of target journals was based on two main indicators of the journal rating in the Russian Science Citation Index; according to the SCIENCE INDEX rating and the rating of psychiatric journals by the impact factor RSCI 2016. Journals in the fields of biomedicine (Scientific and Practical Rheumatology), clinical pharmacology (Good Clinical Practice), and journals in the fields of psychology and psychiatry (Social and Clinical Psychiatry, S. S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry) were selected. Each article was assessed according to the CONSORT checklist items, and the presence or absence of data on the presented items was noted. When studying the articles, the presence or absence of a flowchart in the article was also analyzed, which significantly improves the quality of the written article and compliance with international standards for the design of articles for medical journals.Results. The articles analyzed with the results of RCTs in journals met most of the necessary criteria. The authors paid the least attention to such details of the methodology when publishing a description of the sample calculation (2 out of 5 publications), the type of randomization (2 out of 5 publications), the mechanism of blinding participants (3 out of 5 publications), and implementation and masking (1 out of 5 publications). The inaccessibility of this information may have distorted the reader’s perception and trust in the results.Conclusion. The results show that the reviewed Russian medical journals declare requirements and recommendations for the publication of articles in accordance with the CONSORT standards. To increase readers' confidence in the practical and scientific significance of RCTs, it is necessary to consider the CONSORT requirements and strive to follow them.
An Analytical Review of Global Financial Market Dynamics: Risk Management Strategies and Monetary Policy
Authors: Pramukty Rachmat , Machdar Nera Marinda , Istianingsih Istianingsih , Suroso Sugeng 
Published: January 2025

This study provides an in-depth analytical review of global financial market dynamics with a focus on risk management strategies and monetary policy. Through a thorough analysis of recent developments in financial markets, this study aims to understand the impact of economic, political, and technological factors on financial stability globally. The research pays particular attention to the risk management strategies employed by market participants, be they companies, investors, or financial institutions. Using an analytical framework, this research identifies various methods and instruments used in managing financial risks, including portfolio diversification, hedging, and derivative financial instruments. In addition, the research also analyzes the monetary policies implemented by central banks in different countries. The focus is on central bank responses to changes in economic and financial conditions and their impact on interest rates, inflation and economic growth. This analysis provides insight into how monetary policy can affect the stability of global financial markets. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of global financial markets, assist market participants and policymakers in making more informed decisions, and provide a basis for the development of effective risk management strategies amid global economic uncertainty.
Understanding of Taxation, Utilization of Accounting Technology and Use of E-filling on Taxpayer Compliance with Internet Understanding as Moderation
Authors: Ayem Sri , Rahmadani Yasminia Eka 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of understanding taxation, utilization of accounting information technology and the use of e-filling on taxpayer compliance with internet understanding as moderation. This research uses quantitative methods with the data source used, namely primary data. The population in this study are taxpayers who have NPWP and are registered at KPP Pratama. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA) using SPSS 25. The results showed that the influence of taxation, accounting information technology and the use of e-filling had a positive and significant effect. Internet understanding moderates the understanding of taxation and the use of e-filling. However, internet understanding is unable to moderate the use of accounting information technology. The results of this study are expected to help improve taxpayer compliance with their obligations as taxpayers.
Suzaku Observations of the Cold Front in A3667: A Nonequilibrium Ionization State of the Intracluster Medium
Authors: Shishido Mona , Uchida Yuusuke , Kohmura Takayoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a systematic study of the thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium (ICM), including the plasma conditions in the ICM, in the merging galaxy cluster A3667 using Suzaku. We analyze the X-ray spectra of the ICM between the northwestern and the southeastern radio relics across a prominent cold front in A3667 to search for the ICM in a nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) state. We find that the ICM inside the cold front exhibits an NEI state with an ionization parameter of (2.2 ± 0.4) × 1011 s cm−3 at the 90% confidence level, which is lower than that expected from a collisional ionization equilibrium state of the ICM (i.e., n
e
t > 1012 s cm−3). The timescale calculated from the ionization parameter of the ICM inside the cold front is

3.9

−
0.8

+
0.7

Myr

, which is much shorter than the thermal equilibration timescale. A weak transonic sloshing motion might explain the possibility that the ICM inside the cold front of A3667 is in the NEI state. In addition, the NEI state of the ICM in A3667 seems to be associated with the elongated radio halo bridging the region between the northwestern radio relic and the prominent cold front in A3667 across the cluster center.
The Effect of Stellar Evolution on Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks: Disk Fraction in Star-forming Regions
Authors: Komaki Ayano , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the effect of stellar evolution on the dispersal of protoplanetary disks by performing one-dimensional simulations of long-term disk evolution. Our simulations include viscous disk accretion, magnetohydrodynamic winds, and photoevaporation as important disk dispersal processes. We consider a wide range of stellar mass of 0.1–7 M
⊙ and incorporate the luminosity evolution of the central star. For solar-mass stars, stellar evolution delays the disk dispersal time as the far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosity decreases toward the main sequence. In the case of intermediate-mass stars, the FUV luminosity increases significantly over a few million years, driving strong photoevaporation and enhancing disk mass loss during the later stages of disk evolution. This highlights the limitations of assuming a constant FUV luminosity throughout a simulation. Photoevaporation primarily impacts the outer regions of the disk and is the dominant disk dispersal process in the late evolutionary stage. Based on the results of a large set of simulations, we study the evolution of a population of star–disk systems and derive the disk fraction as a function of time. We demonstrate that the inclusion of stellar luminosity evolution can alter the disk fraction by several tens of percent, bringing the simulations into closer agreement with recent observations. We argue that it is important to include the stellar luminosity evolution in simulations of the long-term dispersal of protoplanetary disks.
Some Stars Fade Quietly: Varied Supernova Explosion Outcomes and Their Effects on the Multiphase Interstellar Medium
Authors: Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Goldberg Jared A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present results from galaxy evolution simulations with a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), a mass resolution of 4 M
⊙, and a spatial resolution of 0.5 pc. These simulations include a resolved stellar stellar feedback model. Our fiducial run WLM-fid adopts 1051 erg for the supernova (SN) energy. Among the remaining seven simulations, there are two runs where we vary this number by fixing the energy at 1050 erg and 1052 erg (WLM-1e50 and WLM-1e52). Additionally, we carry out one run with variable SN-energy (WLM-variable) and run two simulations where only 10% or 60% of stars explode as SNe with 1051 erg, while the remaining stars do not explode (WLM-60prob and WLM-10prob). We find that the variation in the SN energy, has only minor effects: the star formation rate changes by roughly a factor of 2 compared to WLM-fid, and the strength of the galactic outflows in mass and energy is reduced by 30%, with typical values of η

m
∼ 0.1 and η

e
∼ 0.05 (at a height of 3 kpc after the hot wind is fully decoupled from the galactic ISM). In contrast, the increase and decrease in the canonical SN-energy have a clear impact on the phase structure, with loading factors that are at least 10 times lower/higher and a clear change in the phase structure (the energy loading is normalized self-consistently to the initial mass function averaged explosion energy). We conclude that these modulations are driven not by the minor change in SN-energy but rather by the likelihood of whether or not an event occurs when variable SN energies are applied.
Tempered Superdiffusive Shock Acceleration at a Perpendicular Shock
Authors: le Roux J. A. , Shikha R. K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A theory for steady-state tempered superdiffusive shock acceleration of energetic particles at a plane perpendicular shock is presented that involves solving analytically a tempered fractional Parker transport equation for perpendicular transport in quasi-2D turbulence. The main predictions of the theory are as follows: (i) Tempered perpendicular superdiffusion (tempered Lévy flights) upstream reduces the effectiveness of classical perpendicular superdiffusion (standard Lévy flights) through a transition toward normal perpendicular diffusion when the particle transport distance upstream surpasses a critical spatial scale. Consequently, the accelerated particle distribution upstream decays spatially as a stretched exponential close to the shock that becomes a power law farther upstream under some conditions (superdiffusion), followed by an exponential rollover (transition to normal diffusion); (ii) Downstream, the accelerated particle distribution for tempered superdiffusion converges to a uniform distribution closer to the shock because of a stronger decay close to the shock compared to classical superdiffusion, and a shift of the peak in the distribution at the shock to just downstream of the shock occurs under some conditions; (iii) The accelerated power-law momentum spectrum at the shock is modulated upstream by the incoming solar wind flow to be a hardened power law instead of featuring an exponential rollover at lower particle momenta as for classical diffusive shock acceleration; and (iv) Tempered superdiffusive shock acceleration tends to be more efficient compared to standard superdiffusive shock acceleration.
The Importance of Gas Starvation in Driving Satellite Quenching in Galaxy Groups at z ~ 0.8
Authors: Baxter Devontae C. , Fillingham Sean P. , Coil Alison L. , Cooper Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present results from a Keck/DEIMOS survey to study satellite quenching in group environments at z ~ 0.8 within the Extended Groth Strip (EGS). We target 11 groups in the EGS with extended X-ray emission. We obtain high-quality spectroscopic redshifts for group member candidates, extending to depths over 1 order of magnitude fainter than existing DEEP2/DEEP3 spectroscopy. This depth enables the first spectroscopic measurement of the satellite quiescent fraction down to stellar masses of ~109.5
M
⊙ at this redshift. By combining an infall-based environmental quenching model, constrained by the observed quiescent fractions, with infall histories of simulated groups from the IllustrisTNG100-1-Dark simulation, we estimate environmental quenching timescales (τ
quench) for the observed group population. At high stellar masses (M⋆ = 1010.5
M
⊙) we find that

τ

quench

=
2.4

+
0.2

−
0.2

Gyr, which is consistent with previous estimates at this epoch. At lower stellar masses (M⋆ = 109.5
M
⊙), we find that

τ

quench

=
3.1

+
0.5

−
0.4

Gyr, which is shorter than prior estimates from photometry-based investigations. These timescales are consistent with satellite quenching via starvation, provided the hot gas envelope of infalling satellites is not stripped away. We find that the evolution in the quenching timescale between 0 <z <1 aligns with the evolution in the dynamical time of the host halo and the total cold gas depletion time. This suggests that the doubling of the quenching timescale in groups since z ~ 1 could be related to the dynamical evolution of groups or a decrease in quenching efficiency via starvation with decreasing redshift.
Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet
Authors: Price Ellen M. , Van Clepper Eric , Ciesla Fred J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disk dynamics are useful tools for understanding the formation of planetary systems, including our own. Approximations are necessary to make these simulations computationally tractable. A common assumption when simulating dust fluids is that of a constant Stokes number, a dimensionless number that characterizes the interaction between a particle and the surrounding gas. Constant Stokes number is not a good approximation in regions of the disk where the gas density changes significantly, such as near a planet-induced gap. In this paper, we relax the assumption of a constant Stokes number in the popular FARGO3D code using semianalytic equations for the drag force on dust particles, which enables an assumption of constant particle size instead. We explore the effect this change has on disk morphology and particle fluxes across the gap for both outward- and inward-drifting particles. The assumption of constant particle size, rather than constant Stokes number, is shown to make a significant difference in some cases, emphasizing the importance of the more accurate treatment.
Bayesian Approach to Equipartition Estimation of Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Zychowicz Adam A. , Chyży Krzysztof T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic fields, together with cosmic rays (CRs), play an important role in the dynamics and evolution of galaxies, but are difficult to estimate. Energy equipartition between magnetic fields and CRs provides a convenient way to approximate magnetic field strength from radio observations. We present a new approach for calculating the equipartition magnetic field strength based on Bayesian methods. In this approach, the magnetic field is a random variable that is distributed according to a posterior distribution conditional on synchrotron emission and the size of the emitting region. It allows for the direct application of the general formulas for total and polarized synchrotron radiation without the need to invert these formulas, which has limited the equipartition method to highly simplified cases. We have derived the equipartition condition for the case of different low-energy breaks, slopes, and high-energy cutoffs of power-law spectra of the CR proton and electron distributions. The derived formalism was applied in the general case of a magnetic field consisting of both uniform and randomly oriented field components. The applied Bayesian approach naturally provides the uncertainties in the estimated magnetic field strengths resulting from the uncertainties in the observables and the assumed values of the unknown physical parameters. In the examples presented, we used two different Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to generate the posterior distribution of the magnetic field. We have also developed a web application called BMAG that implements the described approach for different models and observational parameters of real sources.
Recycler les rebuts textiles. Organisation et savoir-faire dans le tri de la fripe à Lomé (Togo)
Authors: Ayimpam Sylvie 
Published: January 2025

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article explore l’organisation du travail et le savoir-faire des travailleurs-trieurs dans les installations de tri de la fripe à Lomé, Togo, dernier maillon des réseaux mondiaux de recyclage textile. Il démontre comment ces travailleurs, malgré des conditions de travail précaires et informelles, développent une expertise dans la catégorisation et la valorisation des rebuts textiles en produits commercialisables. L’article met en évidence une tension fondamentale entre les discours globaux qui valorisent l’économie circulaire comme une solution écologique, et les réalités du « sale boulot » du tri de la fripe qui révèle des dynamiques d’exploitation socio-économique et un « colonialisme des déchets ». En situant le cas de Lomé dans une perspective comparative, il contribue à la compréhension des inégalités structurelles dans le secteur du recyclage textile et interroge les promesses d’une économie verte face aux réalités du travail précaire.