bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary emphysema and coronary artery calcifications at baseline LDCT and long-term mortality in smokers and former smokers of the ITALUNG screening trial
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Romei Chiara , Marzi Chiara , Diciotti Stefano , Picozzi Giulia , Pistelli Francesco , Zappa Marco , Paci Eugenio , Carozzi Francesca , Gorini Giuseppe , Falaschi Fabio , Deliperi Anna Lisa , Camiciottoli Gianna , Carrozzi Laura , Puliti Donella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), lung cancer (LC), and respiratory diseases are main causes of death in smokers and former smokers undergoing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for LC screening. We assessed whether quantification of pulmonary emphysematous changes at baseline LDCT has a predictive value concerning long-term mortality.

Methods
In this longitudinal study, we assessed pulmonary emphysematous changes with densitometry (volume corrected relative area below − 950 Hounsfield units) and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) with a 0–3 visual scale in baseline LDCT of 524 participants in the ITALUNG trial and analyzed their association with mortality after 13.6 years of follow-up using conventional statistics and a machine learning approach.

Results
Pulmonary emphysematous changes were present in 32.3% of subjects and were mild (6% ≤ RA950 ≤ 9%) in 14.9% and moderate-severe (RA950 > 9%) in 17.4%. CAC were present in 67% of subjects (mild in 34.7%, moderate-severe in 32.2%). In the follow-up, 81 (15.4%) subjects died (20 of LC, 28 of other cancers, 15 of CVD, 4 of respiratory disease, and 14 of other conditions). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and CAC, moderate-severe emphysema was significantly associated with overall (OR 2.22; 95CI 1.34–3.70) and CVD (OR 3.66; 95CI 1.21–11.04) mortality. Machine learning showed that RA950 was the best single feature predictive of overall and CVD mortality.

Conclusions
Moderate-severe pulmonary emphysematous changes are an independent predictor of long-term overall and CVD mortality in subjects participating in LC screening and should be incorporated in the post-test calculation of the individual mortality risk profile.

Key Points
• Densitometry allows quantification of pulmonary emphysematous changes in low-dose CT examinations for lung cancer screening.
• Emphysematous lung density changes are an independent predictor of long-term overall and cardio-vascular disease mortality in smokers and former smokers undergoing screening.
• Emphysematous changes quantification should be included in the post-test calculation of the individual mortality risk profile.
Power-scaled CW Alexandrite lasers
Authors: Tawy Goronwy , Minassian Ara , Damzen Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present several strategies for increasing the output laser power of near-diffraction limited continuous-wave Alexandrite lasers pumped by fibre-coupled red laser diodes. Laser mode size control using a convex mirror with the varying thermal lens is shown to be an efficient method for generating record levels of output power from a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser. 8.6 W is obtained with $$M^{2}<1.1$$

M
2

<
1.1

and an optical efficiency of 27%. 735–790 nm wavelength tuning is demonstrated with $$> {2.5}\,\hbox {W}$$

>

2.5

W

and a record dual-wavelength output power of 4.2 W. In a ring-cavity geometry, 5.1 W is obtained with $$M^{2}<1.1$$

M
2

<
1.1

showing promising potential for multi-watt single-longitudinal-mode operation. Detailed laser cavity modelling including thermal lens analysis is also provided.
Intradermal injection of tranexamic acid versus platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of melasma: a split-face comparative study
Authors: Abd Elraouf Israa Gomaa , Obaid Zakaria Mahran , Fouda Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMillions of people throughout the world suffer from the acquired condition of hyperpigmentation known as melasma. Melasma is characterized by symmetrically oriented hyperpigmented macules and patches. Many treatment options are available with variable degrees of efficacy and tolerability. The aim of the work was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of intradermal tranexamic acid (TXA) versus intradermal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of various types of melasma. The current split-face prospective study included 40 cases with melasma. Tranexamic acid (TXA) was injected intradermally into the right side of the face by using a concentration of 4 mg/ml, while platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was injected intradermally into the left side. In both sides, a total of three sessions of treatment were provided, once every 4 weeks. Digital photographs were taken before each treatment session and 3 months after the last session. The modified melasma area severity index (mMASI) grading system and dermoscopy were used to assess the improvement in the condition. The disease severity and percentage of improvement were assessed by mMASI score before and after therapy across both sides of the face. along with determining the degree of satisfaction and side effects among the included cases. The mean mMASI score before therapy in the TXA side was 4.59 ± 2.87, while in the PRP side, the mean mMASI score before therapy was 4.72 ± 2.72 with no statistically significant difference between the two sides (p = 0.841). After 3 months of treatment, the mean mMASI score in the TXA-treated side was 2.49 ± 1.58 with a mean percentage of decrease of 45.67 ± 8.10%, while in the PRP side, the mean mMASI score after treatment was 2.17 ± 1.41 with a mean percentage of decrease of 53.66 ± 11.27%. There was a high statistically significant decrease in the mMASI score after treatment on both sides (p < 0.001); however, the percentage of score reduction in the PRP side compared to the TXA side was statistically higher. Intradermal injection with PRP revealed higher efficacy in the treatment of melasma as compared to TXA injection with no significant difference regarding the associated side effects.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: a pilot study of potential therapeutic targets and characterization of the immunological tumor environment and angiogenesis
Authors: Michaelides Ioannis , Künzel Julian , Ettl Tobias , Beckhove Philipp , Bohr Christopher , Brochhausen Christoph , Mamilos Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare type of cancer commonly occurring in salivary glands. It is characterized by slow but infiltrative growth, nerve infiltration and overall poor prognosis, with late recurrence and distant metastasis. The treatment of ACC is still limited to surgery and/or (adjuvant) radiotherapy. Till now no promising systemic therapy option exists. However, various studies deliver promising results after treatment with anti-angiogenetic agents, such as anti-EGFR-antibody Cetuximab or Tyrosinkinase inhibitor Lenvatinib.

Methods
By using of immunohistological methods we analyzed and compared the macrophage and lymphocyte populations, vascularization, and PD-L1-status in 12 ACC of the salivary glands.

Results
All cases showed a significant elevation of macrophages with M2 polarization and a higher vascularization in ACC compared to normal salivary gland tissue. The CD4/CD8 quotient was heterogenous. ACC does not show relevant PD-L1 expression.

Conclusions
The predominant M2 polarization of macrophages in ACC could be responsible for elevated vascularization, as already been proved in other cancer types, that M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis.
Influence of flow–fiber coupling during mold-filling on the stress field in short-fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Karl Tobias , Zartmann Jan , Dalpke Simon , Gatti Davide , Frohnapfel Bettina , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe anisotropic elastic properties of injection molded composites are fundamentally coupled to the flow of the fiber suspension during mold-filling. Regarding the modeling of mold-filling processes, both a decoupled and a flow–fiber coupled approach are possible. In the latter, the fiber-induced viscous anisotropy is considered in the computation of the flow field. This in turn influences the evolution of the fiber orientation compared to the decoupled case. This study investigates how flow–fiber coupling in mold-filling simulation affects the stress field in the solid composite under load based on the final elastic properties after fluid–solid transition. Furthermore, the effects of Newtonian and non-Newtonian polymer matrix behavior are investigated and compared. The entire process is modeled micromechanically unified based on mean-field homogenization, both for the fiber suspension and for the solid composite. Different numerical stabilization methods of the mold-filling simulation are discussed in detail. Short glass fibers with a typical aspect ratio of 20 and a volume fraction of 20% are considered, embedded in polypropylene matrix material. The results show that the flow–fiber coupling has a large effect on the fiber orientation tensor in the range of over ± 30% with respect to the decoupled simulation. As a consequence, the flow–fiber coupling affects the stress field in the solid composite under load in the range of over ± 10%. In addition, the predictions based on a non-Newtonian modeling of the matrix fluid differ significantly from the Newtonian setup and thus the necessity to consider the shear-thinning behavior is justified in a quantifiable manner.
Ethik-Fortbildungen als Element der Klinischen Ethikarbeit: Ein Überblick über Formate und weitere strukturierende Elemente
Authors: Seidlein Anna-Henrikje , Rave Florian , Rogge Annette , Woellert Katharina , Hack Caroline 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von den Erfahrungswerten sechs Klinischer Ethiker*innen an Universitätsklinika in Deutschland wurde eine strukturierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Arbeitsfeld der Fortbildungen im Rahmen der Klinischen Ethikarbeit vorgenommen. Die Zusammenarbeit wurde von der Fragestellung geleitet, was bei der Konzeption einer Ethik-Fortbildung innerhalb einer Einrichtung zu berücksichtigen ist. Der methodische Zugang zur Beantwortung der explorativen Fragestellung bestand in einem mehrstufigen, deskriptiven Verfahren, das alternierend in gemeinsamen Arbeitssitzungen und individueller Arbeit zwischen den Sitzungen umgesetzt wurde.Als Resultat zeigt der Aufsatz eine Übersicht über die Bandbreite möglicher Fortbildungsformate auf, die denjenigen Hilfestellung bieten kann, die in ihrer Einrichtung Fortbildungen zu ethischen Themen konzipieren und durchführen wollen. Darüber hinaus bietet er einen Überblick über die bei der Umsetzung jeweils zu berücksichtigenden direkt strukturierenden sowie indirekt strukturierenden Merkmale. Es wird an Beispielen aufgezeigt, welche Formatvarianten sich in Kombination mit welchen direkt strukturierenden Merkmalen in den ausgewählten Universitätsklinika bewährt haben.Der Beitrag liefert eine Diskussionsgrundlage, um die strukturierte Auseinandersetzung mit konzeptionellen Fragen ethischer Fortbildung in der Klinik zu befördern.
Previous induced abortion or miscarriage is associated with increased odds for gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Liukkonen Rasmus , Ponkilainen Ville , Kekki Maiju , Mattila Ville M. , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aims
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between previous induced abortion or miscarriage and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using high-quality register data.

Methods
In this retrospective nationwide register-based cohort study, data from the national medical birth register (MBR) were used to evaluate the association between a history of miscarriage or induced abortion and GDM. We included all first pregnancies ending in delivery in which the oral glucose tolerance test was performed between 2004 and 2018. A logistic regression model was used to assess the development of GDM in the first pregnancy ending in delivery. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were compared between groups.

Results
In total, 15,873 nulliparous women with a history of induced abortions, 22,337 with a history of miscarriages and 3594 with a history of both were found. The reference group consisted of 138,869 women without a history of induced abortions or miscarriages. Women with a history of induced abortions (24.7%, aOR 1.15 [CI 1.11–1.20]), a history of miscarriages (24.8%, aOR 1.14 [CI 1.10–1.18]) and a history of both (27.7% aOR 1.18 [CI 1.09–1.28]) had higher odds for the development of GDM when compared to the reference group (20.8%). The odds for GDM increased along with the increasing number of previous induced abortions and miscarriages.

Conclusion
Women with a history of induced abortions or miscarriages had higher odds for GDM in their first pregnancy leading to birth. Knowledge of this association will be helpful in the prevention and screening of GDM.
Life expectancy in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy is currently reduced but can be restored with timely treatment
Authors: Davies Benjamin M. , Stubbs Daniel , Gillespie Conor S. , Grodzinski Ben , Venkatesh Ashwin , Guilfoyle Matthew , Kotter Mark R. N. , Laing Rodney 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a progressive slow-motion spinal cord injury. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Baseline disability predicts surgical recovery; therefore, timely treatment is critical to restoring function. However, current challenges mean most patients present with advanced disease and are instead left with life changing disabilities. While short-term mortality is rarely reported, the long-term effects of this on life expectancy are unknown, including whether function could be modifiable with timely treatment. This article investigates the effect of DCM on life expectancy.

Methods
The survival of patients from an observational study of patients undergoing surgery from 1994 to 2007 was compared to their expected survival using a gender- and aged -matched cohort. Comparisons were made by one sample log-rank test and standardised mortality ratios. Factors associated with survival were explored using a Cox regression analysis, including disease severity.

Results
A total of 357 patients were included in the analysis. After a median follow-up of 15.3 years, 135 of 349 patients had died; 114.7 deaths would have been expected. The DCM cohort had an increased risk of death compared to the non-DCM cohort (standardised mortality ratio 1.18 [95% CI: 1.02–1.34]. Age at operation 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.1, p < 0.001) and severe DCM 1.6 (95% CI: 1.06 to 2.3, p = 0.02) were associated with worse survival (N = 287). In those surviving at least 2 years after surgery, only severe DCM was associated with conditional survival (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04 2.4, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Life expectancy is reduced in those undergoing surgery for DCM. This is driven by premature mortality among those left with severe disability. As disability can be reduced with timely treatment, these findings reinforce the need for collective and global action to raise awareness of DCM and enable early diagnosis.
Covering Numbers for Simple Algebraic Groups
Authors: Liebeck Martin W. , Simion Iulian I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field, and let C be a noncentral conjugacy class of G. The covering number cn(G,C) is defined to be the minimal k such that G = Ck, where Ck = {c1c2⋯ck : ci ∈ C}. We prove that $cn(G,C) \le c \frac {\dim G}{\dim C}$
c
n
(
G
,
C
)
≤
c

dim
G

dim
C

, where c is an explicit constant (at most 120). Some consequences on the width and generation of simple algebraic groups are given.
Police education and democratic policing in Taiwan: a longitudinal quasi-experimental study of the effects of selection and police socialisation on human rights, moral reasoning and prejudice
Authors: Lin Keng-hui , Sidebottom Aiden , Wortley Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of selection and group socialisation on support of human rights, moral reasoning and prejudice in police officers in Taiwan.

Methods
We used a longitudinal quasi-experimental design to track three cohorts of police officers (n = 585) and a comparison group of criminology undergraduates (n = 43).

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in measures of human rights, moral reasoning and prejudice between new police recruits and the control group. However, time in police education was associated with a statistically significant reduction in police officer support of human rights, moral reasoning and an increase in prejudice. In the control group, the reverse was true.

Conclusions
Exposure to police education in Taiwan resulted in police officers being significantly more prejudiced and significantly less adherent to the principles of human rights and moral reasoning. These results appear to be attributable to police socialisation rather than selection effects.
Kinêsis and the Value of tês and pros in the Plotinian Hypostases ‘Intellect’ and ‘Soul’
Authors: Miriello Alba 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the term kinêsis bears different connotations when associated with two different Plotinian hypostases in the Enneads: Intellect and Soul1. I propose an interpretation of this term as intellectual movement when it is associated with the Intellect and spatial movement when it is associated with the Soul.In the first section, I evaluate the meaning of kinêsis in reference to the hypostasis Intellect. In the second section, I turn to a critical examination of kinêsis associated with the hypostasis Soul, emphasising the conceptual complexity of the term. I develop my interpretation on the distinction between kinêsis tês ousias and kinêsis pros ousias, translating the former as ‘movement of the hypostasis’ and the latter as ‘movement from the hypostasis.’ On this revised reading, I conclude that kinêsis in Plotinus is a context-dependent concept that alters its significance according to the hypostasis and introductory locution (‘tês’ or ‘pros’) with which it is associated. I conclude by linking Plotinian henology with Platonic and Aristotelian doctrines to illuminate an ongoing conversation between Plotinian metaphysics and Platonic and Aristotelian concepts of movement.
Robot-assisted implantation of additively manufactured patient-specific orthopaedic implants: evaluation in a sheep model
Authors: Williamson Tom , Ryan Stewart , Buehner Ulrich , Sweeney Zac , Hill Dave , Lozanovski Bill , Kastrati Endri , Namvar Arman , Beths Thierry , Shidid Darpan , Blanchard Romane , Fox Kate , Leary Martin , Choong Peter , Brandt Milan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Bone tumours must be surgically excised in one piece with a margin of healthy tissue. The unique nature of each bone tumour case is well suited to the use of patient-specific implants, with additive manufacturing allowing production of highly complex geometries. This work represents the first assessment of the combination of surgical robotics and patient-specific additively manufactured implants.

Methods
The development and evaluation of a robotic system for bone tumour excision, capable of milling complex osteotomy paths, is described. The developed system was evaluated as part of an animal trial on 24 adult male sheep, in which robotic bone excision of the distal femur was followed by placement of patient-specific implants with operative time evaluated. Assessment of implant placement accuracy was completed based on post-operative CT scans.

Results
A mean overall implant position error of 1.05 ± 0.53 mm was achieved, in combination with a mean orientation error of 2.38 ± 0.98°. A mean procedure time (from access to implantation, excluding opening and closing) of 89.3 ± 25.25 min was observed, with recorded surgical time between 58 and 133 min, with this approximately evenly divided between robotic (43.9 ± 15.32) and implant-based (45.4 ± 18.97) tasks.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the ability for robotics to achieve repeatable and precise removal of complex bone volumes of the type that would allow en bloc removal of a bone tumour. These robotically created volumes can be precisely filled with additively manufactured patient-specific implants, with minimal gap between cut surface and implant interface.
Development of Suspension Feedstocks for Thermally Sprayed Zn2TiO4 Coatings
Authors: Meyer Anja , Toma Filofteia-Laura , Kunze Oliver , Böhme Andreas , Matthey Björn , Potthoff Annegret , Kaiser Arno , Gestrich Tim , Leyens Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy adjusting the thermal spraying suspension technology, coatings with excellent microstructure, surface morphology, and phase composition can be obtained to meet the application needs in mechanical, electrical or friction fields. The use of suspensions as feedstock material allows a high degree of flexibility with regard to the chemical composition of the sprayed coatings. Moreover, suspension thermal spraying (STS) is a promising technique for the production of coatings, the use of which was previously limited by expensive starting materials. A mixture of less expensive starting materials in the suspension and an "in situ" reaction to the desired product during the spraying process make this possible. Zn2TiO4 coatings are one example where the high costs of blended oxide powders as feedstock material hinder the market introduction, whereas their outstanding electrical properties and photocatalytic activity are of great interest for various industrial applications. In this work, single oxides ZnO and TiO2, Zn acetate salt as ZnO precursor, as well as a Zn2TiO4 powder were used to develop tailored aqueous suspension feedstocks suitable for thermal spraying. To follow the formation of the compositions in the system ZnO-TiO2, differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were performed. Preparation routes of stable suspensions and suspension-solution mixtures with low sedimentation rates, low viscosities and good flowabilities are discussed. Microstructures and phase compositions of sprayed coatings are shown, and the “in situ” formation of Zn2TiO4 phase during Suspension High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying (S-HVOF) is demonstrated. This work shows the high potential of suspension feedstocks from single oxide raw materials to obtain Zn2TiO4 sprayed coatings.
Sunflower Oil-based Oleogel as Fat Replacer in Croissants: Textural and Sensory Characterisation
Authors: Espert M. , Wang Q. , Sanz T. , Salvador A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Croissants are made using solid fats that predominantly contain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids. In this study, an oleogel consisting of sunflower oil structured with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a conventional fat replacer in puff pastry thus improving its nutritional profile. Oleogel (OG)-shortening (SH) blends were prepared as a fat replacer for partial (50, 60, 70%) and full shortening (100%) substitution. These replacements implied a reduction of up to 45% of saturated fat and an increase of up to 47% of unsaturated fat, especially monounsaturated fatty acids. Physical characterisation was conducted using texture profile analysis and penetration tests to evaluate the oleogel effect on a baked croissant matrix structure. Sensory analysis was also performed to evaluate the organoleptic properties of the croissant. Shortening replacement using oleogel resulted in croissants with lower saturated fat content, lower bite firmness, and a texture profile similar to croissants made with commercial shortening. The presence of oleogel up to 100% did not contribute negatively to the firmness or springiness of the croissants, although they became chewier and more cohesive as the oleogel increased. In terms of sensory perception, the SH50:OG50 croissant sample was the most similar to the solid fat control. The use of sunflower oil-cellulose-based oleogel was suitable for the formulation of puff pastry products with a healthier fat profile while maintaining the physical and sensory characteristics of conventional croissants.