bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional status and therapy for older adults with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in nursing homes: A population‐based study
Authors: Di Mengyang , Keeney Tamra , Belanger Emmanuelle , Huntington Scott F. , Olszewski Adam J. , Panagiotou Orestis A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the prevalence of functional and cognitive impairments, and associations between impairments and treatment among older patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving nursing home (NH) care.MethodsWe used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database to identify beneficiaries diagnosed with DLBCL 2011–2015 who received care in a NH within −120 ~ +30 days of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare receipt of chemoimmunotherapy (including multi‐agent, anthracycline‐containing regimens), 30‐day mortality, and hospitalization between NH and community‐dwelling patients, estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We also examined overall survival (OS). Among NH patients, we examined receipt of chemoimmunotherapy based on functional and cognitive impairment.ResultsOf the eligible 649 NH patients (median age: 82 years), 45% received chemoimmunotherapy; among the recipients, 47% received multi‐agent, anthracycline‐containing regimens. Compared with community‐dwelling patients, those in a NH were less likely to receive chemoimmunotherapy (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.29–0.41), had higher 30‐day mortality (OR: 2.00, 95%CI: 1.43–2.78) and hospitalization (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.18–1.93), and poorer OS (hazard ratio: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.11–1.65). NH patients with severe functional (61%) or any cognitive impairment (48%) were less likely to receive chemoimmunotherapy.ConclusionsHigh rates of functional and cognitive impairment and low rates of chemoimmunotherapy were observed among NH residents diagnosed with DLBCL. Further research is needed to better understand the potential role of novel and alternative treatment strategies and patient preferences for treatment to optimize clinical care and outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Data‐driven classification of health status of older adults with diabetes: The diabetes and aging study
Authors: Huang Elbert S. , Liu Jennifer Y. , Lipska Kasia J. , Grant Richard W. , Laiteerapong Neda , Moffet Howard H. , Schumm L. Philip , Karter Andrew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe set out to identify empirically‐derived health status classes of older adults with diabetes based on clusters of comorbid conditions which are associated with future complications.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among 105,786 older (≥65 years of age) adults with type 2 diabetes enrolled in an integrated healthcare delivery system. We used latent class analysis of 19 baseline comorbidities to derive health status classes and then compared incident complication rates (events per 100 person‐years) by health status class during 5 years of follow‐up. Complications included infections, hyperglycemic events, hypoglycemic events, microvascular events, cardiovascular events, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThree health status classes were identified: Class 1 (58% of the cohort) had the lowest prevalence of most baseline comorbidities, Class 2 (22%) had the highest prevalence of obesity, arthritis, and depression, and Class 3 (20%) had the highest prevalence of cardiovascular conditions. The risk for incident complications was highest for Class 3, intermediate for Class 2 and lowest for Class 1. For example, the age, sex and race‐adjusted rates for cardiovascular events (per 100 person‐years) for Class 3, Class 2 and Class 1 were 6.5, 2.3, and 1.6, respectively; 2.1, 1.2, 0.7 for hypoglycemia; and 8.0, 3.8, and 2.3 for mortality.ConclusionsThree health status classes of older adults with diabetes were identified based on prevalent comorbidities and were associated with marked differences in risk of complications. These health status classes can inform population health management and guide the individualization of diabetes care.
Racial/ethnic disparities in preventive dental services use and dental caries among children
Authors: Luo Huabin , Moss Mark E. , Wright Wanda , Webb Michael , Pardi Vanessa , Lazorick Suzanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess disparities in preventive dental service use in four major racial/ethnic groups and assess whether racial/ethnic and income‐related disparities among children were reduced from 2016 to 2020.MethodsData were from the 2016 and 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The outcomes of interest were having dental sealants, fluoride treatment, and dental caries in the past 12 months. Racial/ethnic groups included non‐Hispanic (NH) whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and others. Family income level was categorized as below or above the 200% federal poverty level (low‐income vs. high‐income). Children ages 2–17 were included (N = 161,539). All data were self‐reported by parents/guardians. We estimated the trends of racial/ethnic disparities in having fluoride treatment, dental sealants, and dental caries from 2016 to 2020 and tested two 2‐way interactions (i.e., year by race/ethnicity, year by income) and one 3‐way interaction (year by income by race/ethnicity) to assess the change in disparities from 2016 to 2020.ResultsOverall, no significant trends in receipt of fluoride treatment, dental sealants, or having dental caries were found from 2016 to 2020 among the racial/ethnic groups, except for a decreasing trend in dental sealants for Asian American children (p = 0.03). Overall, NH white children were more likely to have received preventive dental services than children from minority groups (all p < 0.05); Asian American children (AOR = 1.31) were more likely to have dental caries than NH white children.ConclusionDisparities in receipt of evidence‐based preventive services by children persisted. Continuous efforts are needed to promote the use of preventive dental services among children of minority populations.
Context‐aware trajectory prediction for autonomous driving in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Li Zhenning , Chen Zhiwei , Li Yunjian , Xu Chengzhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe prediction of surrounding agent trajectories in heterogeneous traffic environments remains a challenging task for autonomous driving due to several critical issues, such as understanding social interactions among agents and the environment, handling multiclass traffic movements, and generating feasible trajectories in accordance with real‐world rules, all of which hinder prediction accuracy. To address these issues, a new multimodal trajectory prediction framework based on the transformer network is presented in this study. A hierarchical‐structured context‐aware module, inspired by human perceptual logic, is proposed to capture contextual information within the scene. An efficient linear global attention mechanism is also proposed to reduce the computation and memory load of the transformer framework. Additionally, this study introduces a novel auxiliary loss to penalize infeasible off‐road predictions. Empirical results on the Lyft l5kit data set demonstrate the state‐of‐the‐art performance of the proposed model, which substantially enhances the accuracy and feasibility of prediction outcomes. The proposed model also possesses a unique feature, effectively dealing with missing input observations. This study underscores the importance of comprehending social interactions among agents and the environment, handling multiclass traffic movements, and generating feasible trajectories adhering to real‐world rules in autonomous driving.
Clinical features and outcomes of calciphylaxis in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jiao Yongyi , Sun Li , Xie Xiaotong , Liu Hong , Zhao Yu , Ni Haifeng , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimCalciphylaxis is a rare disease, predominantly in chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Data from the Chinese population have been an invaluable resource for a better understanding of natural history, optimal treatments and outcomes of calciphylaxis.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 51 Chinese patients diagnosed with calciphylaxis at Zhong Da Hospital affiliated to Southeast University from December 2015 to September 2020.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2020, 51 cases of calciphylaxis were registered in The China Calciphylaxis Registry (http://www.calciphylaxis.com.cn), which was developed by Zhong Da Hospital. The mean age of the cohort was 52.02 ± 14.09 years, and 37.3% were female. Forty‐three patients (84.3%) were on haemodialysis, with a median dialysis vintage of 88 months. Eighteen patients (35.3%) had a resolution of calciphylaxis and 20 patients (39.2%) died. Patients in later stages had higher overall mortality than those in earlier stages. Delay from skin lesions onset to diagnosis and calciphylaxis‐related infections were risk factors in both early and overall mortality. Additionally, dialysis vintage and infections were significant risk factors in calciphylaxis‐specific mortality. Among therapeutic strategies, only the use of sodium thiosulfate (STS) ≥3 courses (14 injections) was significantly associated with decreased hazard of death in both early and overall mortality.ConclusionFor Chinese patients with calciphylaxis, delay from skin lesions onset to diagnosis and infections secondary to wounds are risk factors for the prognosis of patients with calciphylaxis. Additionally, patients in earlier stages have better survival and early continuous use of STS is highly suggested.
Under the influence: The celebrity factor in policy capture
Authors: Dougherty Christopher N. , Phillips Susan D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCelebrity is a form of policy influence that can occur under distinctive circumstances. This paper draws on the regulatory/policy capture literature to develop a model of celebrity capture that explains how interest groups can affect policy in the absence of economic clout or constituency mobilization. We posit that the likelihood of celebrity capture increases when several factors align: (1) a context open to change; (2) reduced oversight in decisionmaking processes; (3) organizations that have credibility and a halo effect due to their celebrity status; and (4) an uncoordinated sector with weak intermediary organizations. The analysis applies process tracing to account for the success of one celebrity‐founded and celebrity‐led organization, WE Charity, in shaping the design and being awarded sole‐source implementation of the CAD $543 million Canada Student Service Grant (CSSG) program during COVID‐19. The CSSG, which proposed to pay up to 100,000 students to “volunteer” in nonprofits over the course of a summer, quickly failed and became a public ethical scandal.
Eliminating Stereotypes: Villages as Desirable Spaces for Partying among Spanish Youth☆
Authors: Pavón‐Benítez Laura , Álvarez‐Montoya José Manuel , Sánchez‐González Penélope , Romo‐Avilés Nuria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost of the research on rural youth has focused on the material conditions that cause their migration to cities, but it has not tended to address sociocultural dimensions, such as those concerning leisure and what might condition the processes of migration among young people. The aim of this study is to contrast the discourse and representations that young people have regarding leisure with the festive practices that they carry out in Spanish villages. The fieldwork consisted of 13 discussion groups and 38 in‐depth interviews (N = 118), with participants aged between 15 and 24 years. The results show that: (1) young people construct their idea of partying through dominant, dichotomous and unequal rural–urban representations, demonstrating the presence of traditional stereotypes around rurality; (2) the village becomes desirable as a place for partying at specific times of the year, such as local festivals; (3) the practices of rural youth call into question this normative imaginary, as is also shown by their adaptation, belonging and agency in the construction and management of leisure. Getting rid of stereotypes about rurality and creating positive thinking about the leisure possibilities in villages can lead young people to see it as a space for opportunities and personal development.
Individual differences and changes in personality during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rudolph Cort W. , Zacher Hannes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reports the results of an eleven‐wave longitudinal study of personality change conducted between December 2019 and December 2022 with 1328 participants in Germany. Based on theories of personality change, we investigated trajectories of big five personality factors (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness) across the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, we examined whether demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex), self‐reported health status (i.e., physical, mental), and socioeconomic status (i.e., education, income, industry) moderated these trajectories. There was evidence for increases in extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability and decreases in openness across time. The magnitude of these effects suggests between d = 0.027 to 0.138 standard deviation changes in these personality characteristics across the 3‐year timeframe of this study. Evidence for moderating effects of age, sex, health, and socioeconomic status was mixed, but indicates differential patterns of personality change for certain individuals. Overall, findings suggest that changes in big five personality factors across the COVID‐19 were present, albeit on average relatively weak, but still higher than anticipated given the timeframe. Moreover, certain demographic and health variables were associated with differential trajectories of personality over time.
S‐Nitrosylation of the histone deacetylase HDA19 stimulates its activity to enhance plant stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zheng Yu , Li Zhenting , Cui Xiaoyun , Yang Zheng , Bao Chun , Pan Lei , Liu Xiaoyun , Chatel‐Innocenti Gilles , Vanacker Hélène , Noctor Graham , Dard Avilien , Reichheld Jean‐Philippe , Issakidis‐Bourguet Emmanuelle , Zhou Dao‐Xiu 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYArabidopsis histone deacetylase HDA19 is required for gene expression programs of a large spectrum of plant developmental and stress‐responsive pathways. How this enzyme senses cellular environment to control its activity remains unclear. In this work, we show that HDA19 is post‐translationally modified by S‐nitrosylation at 4 Cysteine (Cys) residues. HDA19 S‐nitrosylation depends on the cellular nitric oxide level, which is enhanced under oxidative stress. We find that HDA19 is required for cellular redox homeostasis and plant tolerance to oxidative stress, which in turn stimulates its nuclear enrichment, S‐nitrosylation and epigenetic functions including binding to genomic targets, histone deacetylation and gene repression. The Cys137 of the protein is involved in basal and stress‐induced S‐nitrosylation, and is required for HDA19 functions in developmental, stress‐responsive and epigenetic controls. Together, these results indicate that S‐nitrosylation regulates HDA19 activity and is a mechanism of redox‐sensing for chromatin regulation of plant tolerance to stress.
Meta‐learning shows great potential in plant disease recognition under few available samples
Authors: Wu Xue , Deng Hongyu , Wang Qi , Lei Liang , Gao Yangyang , Hao Gefei 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYPlant diseases worsen the threat of food shortage with the growing global population, and disease recognition is the basis for the effective prevention and control of plant diseases. Deep learning has made significant breakthroughs in the field of plant disease recognition. Compared with traditional deep learning, meta‐learning can still maintain more than 90% accuracy in disease recognition with small samples. However, there is no comprehensive review on the application of meta‐learning in plant disease recognition. Here, we mainly summarize the functions, advantages, and limitations of meta‐learning research methods and their applications for plant disease recognition with a few data scenarios. Finally, we outline several research avenues for utilizing current and future meta‐learning in plant science. This review may help plant science researchers obtain faster, more accurate, and more credible solutions through deep learning with fewer labeled samples.
Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Education of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almalki Afnan Turki 
Published: March 2023

In this composition, the intricacies of the relationship between culture and education in Saudi Arabia are analyzed and its implications for students from early education to higher learning are evaluated. The examination delves into the manner in which Islam and the country's customary gender roles shape the syllabus and educational customs. The inculcation of Qur'anic teachings and Hadith, as well as the propagation of Wahhabi principles, are integral facets of religion's influence on the nation's educational structure. The segregation of academic institutions by gender, stringent dress codes, and strict observance of behavioral codes are exemplars of the impact of religion on education. Additionally, the cultural and religious emphasis on gender roles is pronounced through the stringent separation of schools and the reinforcement of cultural and religious norms in society. The religious curriculum and instructional materials are rigorously scrutinized to guarantee their conformity to the government's interpretation of Islam. The report accentuates both the difficulties and prospects that the cultural and educational landscape presents for students, educators, and education professionals in Saudi Arabia.
Age-related experiences of colorectal cancer diagnosis: a secondary analysis of the English National Cancer Patient Experience Survey
Authors: Owais Syeda Somyyah , Arnolda Gaston , Lamprell Klay , Liauw Winston , Delaney Geoff P , Olver Ian , Karnon Jonathan , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people aged <50 years has been increasing dramatically in the past three decades and such patients are known to face difficulties in diagnosis. The objective of this study was to better understand the diagnostic experiences of patients with CRC and explore age-related differences in the proportion with positive experiences.MethodA secondary analysis of the English National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES) 2017 was conducted on the responses of patients with CRC, restricted to those likely to have been diagnosed in the preceding 12 months via pathways other than routine screening. Ten diagnosis-related experience questions were identified, with responses to them categorised as positive, negative or uninformative. Age group-related difference in positive experiences were described and ORs estimated, both raw and adjusted for selected characteristics. Sensitivity analysis was performed by weighting survey responses to 2017 cancer registrations by strata defined by age group, sex and cancer site, to assess whether differential response patterns by these characteristics affected the estimated proportion of positive experiences.ResultsThe reported experiences of 3889 patients with CRC were analysed. There was a significant linear trend (p<0.0001) for 9 of 10 experience items, with older patients consistently displaying higher rates of positive experiences and patients aged 55–64 showing rates of positive experience intermediate between younger and older age groups. This was unaffected by differences in patient characteristics or CPES response rates.ConclusionThe highest rates of positive diagnosis-related experiences were reported by patients aged 65–74 or 75 years and older, and this is robust.
Evolution of assisted deliveries at primary healthcare centres in an unstable security context in Mali
Authors: Bonnet Emmanuel , Lerosier Thomas , Touré Laurence , Diarra Yacouba , Diabaté Seydou , Diarra Dansiné , Ridde Valery 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn Mali, healthcare systems are severely affected by conflict. However, several studies suggest a lack of knowledge about its impact on maternal healthcare. Frequent and repeated attacks increase insecurity, limit access to maternal care, and thus represent a barrier to accessing care. The objective of this study is to understand how assisted deliveries are being reorganised at the health centre level, and how they are adapting to the security crisis.MethodThis is a mixed sequential and explanatory study. The quantitative approaches combine a spatial scan analysis of assisted deliveries by health centres, an analysis of health centre performance using an ascending hierarchical classification, and a spatial analysis of violent events in two health districts in central Mali: Mopti and Bandiagara. The qualitative phase analyses semidirective and targeted interviews with managers (n=22) of primary healthcare centres (CsCOM) and two agents of international institutions.ResultsThe study reveals an important territorial heterogeneity of assisted deliveries. The primary health centres with high rates of assisted deliveries have mainly high-performance levels. This high level of use can be explained by the movement of the population to areas less exposed to attacks. The centres with low rates of assisted deliveries are those where qualified health workers refused to practice, where populations had few financial resources, and where they limited their travel to reduce their exposure to insecurity.ConclusionThis study confirms that combining methodological approaches is essential to explain significant use in the local context. The analysis of the number of assisted deliveries in conflict zones must consider the number of procedures, the nearby security context, the number of internally displaced persons and the presence of camps in which humanitarian organisations offer programmes.