bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updates in version 2.2018 of the NCCN guidelines for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers
Authors: Huang Liu 
Published: June 2023

Comment
Preferred Regimens provide by expert group were adjusted: (1) Fluorouracil and cisplatin was no longer the Preferred Regimen for Preoperative Chemoradiation and Perioperative Chemotherapy (recommended as the other regimens); (2) DCF modifications were no longer the Preferred Regimens for First-Line Therapy (recommended as the other regimens); (3) Pembrolizumab (For second-line or subsequent therapy for MSI-H or dMMR tumors) was recommended as the Preferred Regimen for Second-Line or Subsequent Therapy; (4) Ramucirumab for adenocarcinoma (category 1 for EGJ adenocarcinoma; category 2A for esophageal adenocarcinoma) was no longer the Preferred Regimen for Second-Line or Subsequent Therapy. Survivors who underwent esophagectomy are at particular risk for clinically relevant long-term health issues, especially GI-related issues, such as malnutrition, dysphagia, dumping syndrome, delayed gastric emptying, reflux, and fatigue, which have been shown to negatively impact survivors' quality of life. This update proposes the following specific management and monitoring solutions for esophageal cancer survivors: Weight monitoring and the nutritional status in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery are important. Intervention by nutrition specialists is recommended. Treatment of postoperative complications, such as delayed gastric emptying, dumping syndrome, esophageal bile reflux, and dysphagia should be carefully considered, and nursing advice should also be provided. In patients who previously had hypertension, the blood pressure condition may be improved after weight loss. Therefore, blood pressure should be monitored, and the original antihypertensive regimen adjusted as appropriate. Patients who previously had diabetes and hyperlipidemia may also need similar adjustments. Complications caused by chemoradiotherapy, such as radiation-induced heart injuries and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, should be managed. Patient's psychological and physical states should be evaluated. Healthy lifestyle: Specific advice on dietary habits, living habits, physical activities, smoking cessation, and alcohol abstinence is necessary.
Long noncoding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers associated with cancer phenotypes
Authors: Luo Huili , Chang Ruijie , Chen Xiulan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the transformation and maintenance of cancer phenotypes and have important clinical implications. These lncRNAs control important aspects of tumor biology, including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the microenvironment by regulating RNA and protein interactions or through their ability to base pair with RNA and DNA. In this study, we review the mechanism of the function of lncRNAs in cancer and their diagnostic roles in cancer phenotypes, which make them attractive as non-invasive biomarkers from body fluid samples for different types of cancer.
Brown tumor of the femur and ulna in a woman with hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jiang Lu , Huang Yi , Han Yazhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveA typical brown tumor caused by hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is rare. In this report, we describe our pathological findings along with a review of the literature to enhance understanding of the disease and prevent misdiagnosis, as well as to provide evidence for treatment and prognosis.MethodsWe present a case of brown tumor of the left proximal femur and pelvis in a 57-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China). Pelvic computed tomography (CT) showed cystic expansile lesions in the left proximal femur and pelvis. Lung and abdominal CT also revealed multiple lytic lesions in the ribs and lumbar spine. X-ray of the left ulna and radius showed that the middle of the left ulna had a fracture caused by a brown tumor. A bone biopsy from the left proximal femur showed focal distribution of giant cells, with hemorrhage and fibrin hyperplasia.ResultsThe patient underwent internal fixation of the left intertrochanteric fracture, and postoperative bone biopsy showed focal distribution of giant cells with hemorrhage and fibrin hyperplasia. The patient had a parathyroidectomy 5 months after discharge. Two weeks later, the patient developed a fracture in the right femoral neck and pain in the left forearm. X-ray of the left ulna and radius showed that the middle of the left ulna was affected by a pathological fracture caused by a brown tumor. The patient was debilitated and declined surgical treatment. The patient and her family chose discharge.ConclusionBrown tumor of bone, also called osteitis fibrosa cystica, is a rare non-neoplastic lesion that reflects abnormal bone metabolism in patients with HPT. However, with fine needle aspiration cytology in combination with biochemical tests, a correct diagnosis can be reached. The increase in osteoclast activity leads to decalcification and dissolution of bone, and formation of a cystic bone defect with hyperplastic fibrous tissue. This eventually becomes a brown tumor, with deformed and bleeding fibrous tissue. The patient had a typical brown tumor, as well as osteoporosis, anemia, and pathological fractures.
Analysis of clinical efficacy of P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone treatment for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma*
Authors: Quan Xiaoying , Wang Pinjia , Lei Lei , Chen Xiaoyan , Wu Chunzhi , Ye Bin , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone in early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL).

Methods
In total, 124 patients with early-stage ENKTL, from June 2009 to January 2016, were retrospectively analyzed to compare the clinical efficacy of the three regimens.

Results
A total of 46 patients were treated with P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, with complete remission (CR) of 91.3%, objective response rate (ORR) of 97.8%, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 76.1%, and 2-year overall survival (OS) of 80.4%. Then, 37 patients received P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, with CR of 86.5%, ORR of 94.6%, 2-year PFS of 75.7%, and 2-year OS of 81.1%. Finally, 41 patients received radiotherapy alone, with CR of 61.0%, ORR of 80.5%, 2-year PFS of 51.2%, and 2-year OS of 65.9%. When the two groups were compared, significant differences in CR, PFS, and OS were observed among the sandwich radiotherapy, sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone groups (P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant difference in CR, ORR, PFS, and OS was observed between the sandwich radiotherapy and sequential radiotherapy groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), local tumor invasion, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for PFS (P < 0.05). ECOG, LDH, PLR, local tumor invasion, underlying disease, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
P-Gemox regimen combination radiotherapy for patients with early-stage ENKTL was better than the radiotherapy alone.
Metastatic intracranial large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a study of two cases
Authors: Zhan Xiaozhen , Wu Weidong , Wang Xinmin , Wang Kezhen , Leng Jiyong , Cui Chengzhi , Cong Peiyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The occurrence of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), a kind of neuroendocrine tumor (NET), in the cranium is extremely rare. Here we report two such cases and review the literature in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial LCNEC.

Methods
We report two cases of metastatic intracranial LCNEC. In case 1, the patient was diagnosed with lung carcinoma and underwent chemotherapy. Brain metastases were found six months later. The lung and intracranial lesions in case 2 were found at the same time.

Results
Intracranial multiple-tumor resection was performed in case 1 and the patient died 2 months later. Case 2 patient underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy with etoposide and carboplatin. Six months postoperatively, a recurrence lesion was found in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The patient was treated surgically. At present, a year after the diagnosis, the patient is still alive.

Conclusion
NETs of the intracranial region are extremely rare, and hence, most of our knowledge is based on lung NETs, and standard treatment strategies for intracranial NETs remain unclear. Our patients had different survival times probably due to different treatments, indicating that effective surgical resection and subsequent multi-agent chemotherapy should be administered to promote long-term survival of intracranial LCNEC patients.
Intravenous injection of AAV-PHP.eB across the blood-brain barrier in the adult mouse for central nervous system gene therapy*
Authors: Shu Yongwei , Yao Jie , Qu Yang , Zheng Jing , Ding Jing , Zhang Lina , Wang Yefan , Zhao Linlin , Zhang Jingyu , Tang Siqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To verify the neurotypicality of AAV-PHP.eB after tail vein injection in adult mice and its efficiency in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Methods
The rAAV-SYN-GFP plasmid was constructed, and adult C57BL mice were injected with AAV-PHP. eB: SYN-GFP in the tail vein (300 nL, virus titer 3 × 109 vg) and in the prefrontal lobe (50 L, virus titer 5 × 1011 vg). The green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in the brain was observed at two weeks, while the GFP signal in the peripheral organs was observed at four weeks.

Results
Two weeks after tail vein injection, GFP expression was observed throughout the brain, especially in the cortex, hippocampus, and geniculate nucleus. No GFP signal was observed or detected by western blotting in the peripheral organs after four weeks. GFP signal was observed mainly at the local site after prefrontal lobe injection.

Conclusion
AAV-PHP.eB: SYN-GFP can effectively cross the BBB in adult mice. Using a neuron-specific promoter allows exogenous gene expression in neurons; therefore, AAV-PHP.eB can be used as an effective carrier for studying diseases in the central nervous system (CNS).
Aurora kinases: novel anti-breast cancer targets
Authors: Yiliyaer  , Maimaiti Yusufu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aurora kinases regulate multiple steps of mitotic cell division in eukaryotic cells. Overexpression of aurora kinases has been observed in some tumor cells, which suggests that abnormalities in aurora kinases are closely related to tumorigenesis. In additon, aurora kinases are often amplified or overexpressed in breast cancer cells, leading to chromosomal segregation abnormalities and genomic disorder, and thereby activating oncogenic pathways. Novel Aurora A kinase inhibitors are currently being studied in multiple phase I and II studies. In this review, we describe the biological functions and mechanisms of aurora kinases in breast cancer cells and summarize the preclinical findings related to aurora kinases in breast cancer.
Analyzing proteins in colonic tissues from mice with ulcerative colitis using the iTRAQ technology*
Authors: Chen Na , Zhou Zhongyin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of proteins in colonic tissues of mice with ulcerative colitis (UC) by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), probe into the pathogenesis of UC, and find potential biomarkers of UC.

Methods
Forty C57 mice were randomly divided into the control and model groups (20 mice in each group). The mice in the model group were administered dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 7 consecutive days ad libitum to induce acute colitis, and the colon tissue was extracted on the 8th day after the successful establishment of the UC model. Proteins were identified by the iTRAQ and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, and the identified proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics.

Results
A total of 4019 proteins were identified among the two groups. Among them, 317 significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected according to the screening criteria for selecting DEPs, i.e. fold change ratios ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67 and P-values < 0.05, of which 156 were upregulated and 161 were downregulated. In the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, the DEPs were classified into 48 functional categories, which contained biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Based on the 317 DEPs, the KEGG pathway analysis identified 160 vital pathways.

Conclusion
DEPs in colonic tissues of mice with UC were screened using the iTRAQ technique, which laid a foundation for further studies regarding the pathogenesis of UC.
Clinical value of serum pepsinogen levels for the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rivadeneira D.J. , Luo Hesheng , Tian Jingyuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Pepsinogens have been previously studied as markers of gastric atrophy. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) I and II, as well as the pepsinogen I/II ratio (PGR) in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis of patients who underwent gastroscopy and PG examination in Renmin Hospital was performed. The subjects were grouped into cancer and healthy control groups, and the differences in the serum levels of PGI and PGII, as well as the PGRs were compared. The receiver operating curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were also compared between the groups.

Results
A total of 351 Chinese patients were enrolled in the study, 209 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 142 healthy controls. Overall, the levels of PGI (P < 0.0001) and PGII (P = 0.0007), as well as the PGR (P = 0.007) of the cancer group were lower than those of the control group. Male subjects in the cancer group had lower PGI (P < 0.0001), PGII (P < 0.0001), and (P = 0.0138). The subjects < 65 years old in the cancer group showed lower PGI (P < 0.0001), PGII (P = 0.001), and PGR (P = 0.0087).Overall, these results show that the levels of PGI (AUC 0.64) and PGII (AUC 0.60) have a predictive ability for discriminating esophageal carcinoma. Moreover, in males < 65 years old, PGI (AUC 0.73) and PGII (AUC 0.69) also showed to have a predictive ability for discriminating esophageal carcinoma.

Conclusion
Serum PG levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially in males aged < 65 years old, are lower than those in healthy people. PGI and PGII are useful for screening esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Quantitative monitoring and mutations of ctDNA before and after non-small cell lung cancer radical surgery*
Authors: Chen Xiangqi , Lin Tingyan , Gao Zhisen , Xu Jiangjiang , Feng Rui , Yang Sheng , Chen Shuchen , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to study the quantitative expression of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after radical operation and to explore the correlation between gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and those in ctDNA.MethodsWe randomly assigned 5 NSCLC patients from the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. All the patients had undergone radical surgery. Venous blood samples were collected from the 5 NSCLC patients at two time points (before the operation and 21-37 days after the operation) for monitoring ctDNA levels. This was done by isolating plasma from venous blood using high velocity centrifugation, extracting DNA from the plasma using the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid kit, and then quantifying the ctDNA levels. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Moreover, the ctDNA levels were compared with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which was detected simultaneously with the ctDNA. Then, DNA samples from the tumor tissues and peripheral blood cells and ctDNA were sequenced using the Hiseq2000 sequencing platform (Illumina) and the mutant genes were screened out. Mutations that occurred within the tumor tissues were used as positive control, whereas those found in the pre-operative blood cells were used as a negative control. Based on the mutational analysis of ctDNA genes, a total of 508 cancer-related genes were screened.ResultsThe median values of the pre- and post-operative ctDNA levels in the 5 patients with NSCLC were 0.612 (0.518-0.876) and 0.430 (0.372-0.612) ng/µL, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05). The pre-operative CEA level was slightly higher than the post-operative level (P> 0.05). In one of the cases, LC tissues showed multiple mutations, consistent with pre-operative ctDNA. Moreover, isogenic mutations of the same type were not detected in post-operative ctDNA or peripheral blood cells.ConclusionMutations found in the lung cancer (LC) ctDNA gene were consistent with the mutation type of LC tissue. Hence, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of ctDNA is a promising novel molecular biomarker for the evaluation of tumor burden changes in NSCLC.
Regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Luo Zhigang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a large and complex family of RNAs, which play many important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the dynamic expression of lncRNAs is still not very clear. In order to identify lncRNAs and clarify the mechanisms involved, we collected basic information and highlighted the mechanisms underlying lncRNA expression and regulation. Overall, lncRNAs are regulated by several similar transcription factors and protein-coding genes. Epigenetic modification (DNA methylation and histone modification) can also downregulate lncRNA levels in tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs may be degraded or cleaved via interaction with miRNAs and miRNAassociated protein complexes. Furthermore, alternative RNA splicing (AS) may play a significant role in the post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs.
Application of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) for the prevention of neutropenia in triple negative breast cancer patients older than 65 years during adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Qu Shuxian , Qiu Jianing , Zhang Yidan , Liu Yongming , Zheng Zhendong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for the prevention of neutropenia in elderly breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
A total of 45 oncology inpatients with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy and were older than 65 years from May 2017 to October 2018 in the General Hospital of the Northern Theater of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, were included. Epirubivin Cyclophoshamide-Docetaxel (EC-T) sequential adjuvant chemotherapy was chosen. Forty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups; 25 patients in the treatment group were treated with PEG-rhG-CSF and 20 patients in the control group were not treated with PEG-rhG-CSF, but only rhG-CSF. The experimental group was treated with the PEG-rhG-CSF at the end of chemotherapy for 24-48 h, with a 6 mg subcutaneous injection once per chemotherapy cycle. In the control group, rhG-CSF was administered after 48 h of chemotherapy, with a 100 µg subcutaneous injection, 1/d, d 1-7. The dosage could be increased step by step with the exacerbation of neutropenia. The primary aims of this study was to discover the incidence of leukopenia, neutropenia, neutrophilic fever, and adverse reactions in the two groups.

Results
The incidence of neutropenia, neutrophilic fever and adverse reactions decreased in the treatment group compared to the control group, but no significant difference existed between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients in treatment group had a lower, but not statistically significant, incidence of adverse reactions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Applying PEG-rhG-CSF could be effective in preventing neutropenia in elderly patients with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. It may effectively control the occurrence of neutropenia after chemotherapy and reduce the chance of infection. The incidence of side effects, such as fever and bone pain, was low. The adverse drug reactions were well tolerated by patients, which could ensure the smooth progress of chemotherapy.
Association of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and smoking status with lung cancer risk*
Authors: Li Jiaheng , Zhang Lina , Wang Yue , Gu Meng , Wang Ziyu , Li Weiying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Long-term cigarette smoke exposure damages the airway epithelium. However, the correlation among GSTM1 gene polymorphism, smoking status, and lung cancer susceptibility remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and examine the association of GSTM1 polymorphism and smoking history with lung cancer susceptibility.

Methods
The genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 217 lung cancer patients and 198 controls. The demographic data and smoking history of the patients were collected. The age, sex, and residence of the two groups were also obtained.

Results
Significant differences in GSTM1 polymorphism were observed between the case and control groups (P = 0.024). Smoking time and smoking index were significantly different between the case and control groups. With the increase in smoking time and smoking index, the differences became more obvious. There was a synergistic effect between GSTM1 and smoking (S = 3.35). The risk of developing lung cancer increased 4.82 fold in smokers carrying deficient-type GSTM1. Compared with patients carrying wild-type GSTM1, the risk of developing lung cancer was higher in those carrying deficient-type GSTM1 with the increase in smoking time and smoking index. In different pathological types, no significant differences were observed in GSTM1 polymorphism. In different pathological types, the proportions of patients increased with the increase in smoking time and smoking index, especially the proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Compared with wild-type GSTM1, the proportion of patients with deficient-type GSTM1 increased with the increase in smoking time and smoking index (P = 0.003 and 0.017). This trend was mainly observed in those with squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
GSTM1 mutation is associated with lung cancer susceptibility. Smokers carrying deficient-type GSTM1 are more likely to develop lung cancer. Compared with patients carrying wild-type GSTM1, smokers with deficient-type GSTM1 are more likely develop lung cancer when smoking time is more than 30 years and smoking index is more than 400. In patients carrying deficient-type GSTM1, the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma increases with an increase in smoking time and smoking dose.