bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale metagrating complex-based light field 3D display with space-variant resolution for non-uniform distribution of information and energy
Authors: Hua Jianyu , Zhou Fengbin , Xia Zhongwen , Qiao Wen , Chen Linsen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) display has attracted wide interest for providing stereoscopic virtual contents with depth cues. However, how to achieve high spatial and angular resolution while keeping ultrawide field of view (FOV) remains a significant challenge in 3D display. Here, we propose a light field 3D display with space-variant resolution for non-uniform distribution of information and energy. The spatial resolution of each view is modulated according to watching habit. A large-scale combination of pixelated 1D and 2D metagratings is used to manipulate dot and horizontal line views. With the joint modulation of pixel density and view arrangement, the information density and illuminance of high-demand views are at most 5.6 times and 16 times that of low-demand views, respectively. Furthermore, a full-color and video rate light field 3D display with non-uniform information distribution is demonstrated. The prototype provides 3D images with a high spatial resolution of 119.6 pixels per inch and a high angular resolution of 0.25 views per degree in the high-demand views. An ultrawide viewing angle of 140° is also provided. The proposed light field 3D display does not require ultrahigh-resolution display panels and has form factors of thin and light. Thus, it has the potential to be used in portable electronics, window display, exhibition display, as well as tabletop display.
Mechanisms of cholera transmission via environment in India and Bangladesh: state of the science review
Authors: Shackleton Debbie , Memon Fayyaz A. , Nichols Gordon , Phalkey Revati , Chen Albert S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cholera has a long history in India and Bangladesh, the region where six out of the past seven global pandemics have been seeded. The changing climate and growing population have led to global cholera cases remaining high despite a consistent improvement in the access to clean water and sanitation. We aim to provide a holistic overview of variables influencing environmental cholera transmission within the context of India and Bangladesh, with a focus on the mechanisms by which they act.

Content
We identified 56 relevant texts (Bangladesh n = 40, India n = 7, Other n = 5). The results of the review found that cholera transmission is associated with several socio-economic and environmental factors, each associated variable is suggested to have at least one mediating mechanism. Increases in ambient temperature and coastal sea surface temperature support cholera transmission via increases in plankton and a preference of Vibrio cholerae for warmer waters. Increased rainfall can potentially support or reduce transmission via several mechanisms.

Summary and outlook
Common issues in the literature are co-variance of seasonal factors, limited access to high quality cholera data, high research bias towards research in Dhaka and Matlab (Bangladesh). A specific and detailed understanding of the relationship between SST and cholera incidence remains unclear.
Atanasio e Melezio: tentativi e fallimenti alla ricerca della comunione ecclesiale
Authors: Segneri Angelo 
Published: January 2023

Lo studio si occupa delle vicende alessandrine e antiochene degli anni 362-363, con gli abortiti tentativi di riconciliazione tra i vari gruppi di anti-ariani in dissidio. Ci si concentra, in particolare, sul mancato raggiungimento della comunione ecclesiale tra Atanasio e Melezio. Anche se motivazioni di politica ecclesiale furono senz’altro molto influenti, lo studio prova a dimostrare che non vanno trascu- rate anche le motivazioni di carat- tere teologico, vale a dire la carente pneumatologia dei meleziani.
An in vitro comparison of fracture resistance of immature teeth subjected to apexification using three different bioactive materials
Authors: Vyas Aarshati , Shah Shilpa , Patel Nishtha K , Yagnik Krushnangi , Hirpara Vyoma , Shah Rajvi 
Published: January 2023

To compare the fracture resistance of immature teeth subjected to apexification with three different bioactive materials. Sixty non-carious, single-rooted premolar teeth with straight canals were decoronated at cementoenamel junction, standardizing 13 mm length. After access preparation, the canals were accessed with #10 K-file followed by biomechanical preparation using Ni-Ti ProTaper Gold rotary files upto F3 and irrigation was done using 2 mL 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 5 ml of saline. To simulate immature roots with open apices, #1–5 Peeso reamers were passed through the apex enlarging to 1.5 mm diameter. Later, samples were randomly divided into 4 different groups with 5mm apical plug in each group, Group I: GuttaFlow Bioseal, Group II: Biodentine, Group III: EndoSeal MTA and Group IV: Control group. Samples were filled with an apical plug of 5mm. Later, remaining part of the root canals was obturated with gutta-percha cones and AH Plus sealer by lateral condensation. To stimulate periodontal ligament lining of the root surfaces, C-Silicone light body impression material was used. The samples were stored for 1 week in 100% humidity at 37˚C to ensure that the sealer set in an environment that simulate the clinical situation. Later, fracture resistance was evaluated using the universal testing machine. Group II (Biodentine) showed highest fracture reisistance followed by Group I (GuttaFlow BioSeal) and Group III (EndoSeal MTA) Biodentine apexification groups showed highest fracture resistance values followed by GuttaFlow Bioseal and the least values were shown by EndoSeal MTA.
Boko Haram Insurgency and its implications on Nigeria’s National Security
Authors: Okwara Emmanuel Chukwuma 
Published: January 2023

Boko Haram has been a security challenge to Nigeria since at least 2009, and recently it has posed considerable challenges to the African Sub-Region because of its international linkage with the al-Qaeda terrorists’ network. The aim of this study is to examine the implications of the Boko Haram Insurgency on Nigeria’s National Security. We use secondary sources of data drawn from textbooks, and journals, internet sources among others while content analysis was used to analyze the data. This study is situated within the framework of both the internal and external perspectives on the origin of the Boko haram insurgency to be able to get a better understanding of the security challenges posed he Boko Haram on Nigeria’s national security. Moreover, we discovered that the implications of Boko Haram on Nigeria’s national security are enormous such that it activities have generated national and international condemnation such as targets such as the United Nations building in Abuja in August 2011. In November 2011, the U.S. Department of State issued an alert for all U.S. and Western citizens in Abuja to avoid major hotels and landmarks, based on information about a potential Boko Haram attack. Besides, from received training in bomb-making and other terrorist tactics from al-Qaeda-affiliated groups and their mode of operations ranges bombing, kidnapping, maiming etc. However, we discovered that poverty, bad governance, deepen crisis, and are among the causes of the Boko Haran insurgency. Lastly, political will, international collaboration, strategic training, are among key recommendations in this study.
A Review of the Challenges of Nigeria-China Economic Relations in Contemporary times
Authors: Okwara Emmanuel Chukwuma 
Published: January 2023

Nigeria finally established diplomatic ties with China in February, 1971, sine then both countries have opened embassies in each other’s capital. In this study, secondary sources of data was used which are drawn from books, newspapers, journals and other related materials on the topic under study. Data collected are descriptively analyzed to underscore the challenges of the economic and trade relations between China and Nigeria. One of the major challenges is the present state of infrastructural facilities especially in the areas of power, rail network systems and communication in Nigeria which is very poor and if urgent steps are not taken to address these, it may get worse. Moreover, Nigeria rises up to these challenges, foreign investment inflow will continue to elude the country. Another challenge is the wide trade imbalance that continues to be in favour of China. On the whole, the Federal Ministry of Trade and Investment and sister agencies can learn from the trend of reform in China and create policies in such a manner that the economy of Nigeria becomes the focus of development. For instance, during the Chinese years of reform, foreign direct investment inflows to China were subjected to various rules and regulations including extensive plans on technological capacity building of Chinese, stringent local content requirements.
Nigeria finally established diplomatic ties with China in February, 1971, sine then both countries have opened embassies in each other’s capital. In this study, secondary sources of data was used which are drawn from books, newspapers, journals and other
Authors: Okwara Emmanuel Chukwuma 
Published: January 2023

Nigeria finally established diplomatic ties with China in February, 1971, sine then both countries have opened embassies in each other’s capital. In this study, secondary sources of data was used which are drawn from books, newspapers, journals and other related materials on the topic under study. Data collected are descriptively analyzed to underscore the challenges of the economic and trade relations between China and Nigeria. One of the major challenges is the present state of infrastructural facilities especially in the areas of power, rail network systems and communication in Nigeria which is very poor and if urgent steps are not taken to address these, it may get worse. Moreover, Nigeria rises up to these challenges, foreign investment inflow will continue to elude the country. Another challenge is the wide trade imbalance that continues to be in favour of China. On the whole, the Federal Ministry of Trade and Investment and sister agencies can learn from the trend of reform in China and create policies in such a manner that the economy of Nigeria becomes the focus of development. For instance, during the Chinese years of reform, foreign direct investment inflows to China were subjected to various rules and regulations including extensive plans on technological capacity building of Chinese, stringent local content requirements.
The effects of technical knowledge related to garment production process on fashion designersâ€™ designs
Authors: Gursoy Fatma , Kilinc Nurgul 
Published: January 2023

Today, in the fashion sector, which can be regarded as the driving force behind Turkish exports, the need for designs and designers is increasing day by day in parallel with the developments in domestic and foreign markets. The process of production in the fashion sector can be divided into four groups, namely design, planning, production and marketing. The fundamental properties of the product are determined in the design department, which constitutes the basis of the production process. In this study, the purpose was to investigate how effects having or not having technical knowledge related to the garment production process on fashion designersâ€™ designs. This study, in which qualitative research methods were used, was conducted using the case study design. For the sample group, criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used and four designer were selected as the sample group. Research data were collected through interview, observation and document review. The data that were collected were evaluated through description and comparative analysis and then made into a report. After evaluation of research findings it has been reached that designers with technical knowledge on garment production process scored higher points on their illustrations. In terms of sub dimensions, in evaluations related to creativity dimensions, designers with technical knowledge, even with a slight difference,Â scored higher. When design is studied in terms of commercial value which is the other sub dimension, again, points of designers with technical knowledge fount higher.Keywords: Fashion Designer, Illustration, Creativity, Technical Knowledge
Learning from Turkish modern furniture design
Authors: Hasırcı Deniz , Tuna Ultav Zeynep , Atmaca Hande , Borvalı Seren 
Published: January 2023

Furniture, as a design element is an important part of design theory as well as design history. It has acted both as a part of the architectural context and individually in history. It reflects the context of the time, lifestyles, choice and behavior. The manifestation of modernism at the beginning of the 20thÂ century can be indicated as a milestone regarding the whole history of furniture. However, when the history of furniture in Turkey during this time is analyzed, it is observed that one can only come across limited literature. Departing from this lack of historic writing and rewriting, a scientific research project, â€œDATUMM: Documenting and Archiving Turkish Modern Furnitureâ€,Â was initiated based on exhibiting, documenting and archiving the history of modern furniture design in Turkey.Â The aim of this project is to highlight the modern furniture designed and produced in Turkey in the modern periods that can be defined as 1930â€™s â€œCubismâ€ or â€œFunctional Architecture Periodâ€, and the period of â€œInternational Styleâ€ in 1950s, 1960s and the 1970s.Â The sense of a comprehensive experience was needed to tell this story, and that is why it is composed of a variety of methods and related outcomes. With the array of outcomes planned to take its place in memory, the aim is to enable a remembered and developing process filled with significant moments to not only put together a collection, but to provide an inclusive impression. The methods and products -online archive, documentary film, catalog, colloquium, and exhibition work together to fulfill this aim. The first stage of the project has now been completed and has brought designers as well as furniture designs of the time together. The paper includes the assessment of the process, as well as the strategies for the future to enable the continuation of the success of the project.Keywords: Turkish modern furniture design, design heritage, design history, archiving, documentation, exhibition
Examination of the tale of Kerem & As in terms of clothes
Authors: Kahya Saliha Ozelmas 
Published: January 2023

Folktale is the name given to the products of folk literature created on the basis of the deep effect of any event or literal product left a trace in the society in oral culture. It is a long winded type of narration about real or real-like events. They are stories with traditional content which are narrated orally from one generation to the next. They generally deal with love and heroism. Kerem & AslÄ± is one of the most famous folk tales.Kerem & AslÄ± tale is one of the folk tales which was revealed by late 16th century, known and liked in other nations than Turkey and Oguz Turkish tribes (Armenian, Georgian, Lezg, etc.) addressing broad masses. Similar tales including Kerem & AslÄ± tale popular among broad masses are significant sources particularly in terms of revealing cultural values since they represented the past and future of the society.The purpose of this research is to find terms of garment, accessories, fabrics referred in the Kerem & AslÄ± tale, reveal meanings thereof and provide information about how they were used in the tale. Written sources were reviewed in order to collect research data. The characteristics of clothing of the characters in the Kerem & AslÄ± tale were revealed and a general assessment was made in the research and what the terms of garment, accessories, fabrics meant was explained. It was determined that the following terms were referred in the Kerem & AslÄ± tale; don (underpants), hÄ±rka (cardigan), pestamal, libas (clothes), esvap (clothes), saya (clothes), fistan (clothes), kaftan (caftan), gomlek (shirt), arakcÄ±n, cevre, serpus, nikab, kalpak, oya (lace), aba, atlas, sal (shawl), yaglÄ±k (handkerchief), elvan, kusak (belt), tulbent (gauze).
Keywords: folktale, traditional dressing, history of dressing, Kerem & AslÄ± tale
Game as a mediator in a first year architectural design education
Authors: Birer Emel 
Published: January 2023

First year architectural design education can be started with various methods which, through testing within different studio studies, can also give ideas as to how to start architectural education. This study will address the contributions, and results of starting first-year architecture education with game as a mediator.Â When they start their architectural education, students will have their own unique experiences of form, and space gained since their childhood in their built environment. Therefore, in order to refine the studentsâ€™ perceptions on their built environments at the beginning of the education process, itâ€™s necessary to provide them with opportunities that will give them confidence in what they can do about form and space. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the first year in architectural design education, and to discuss the beginning methods, considerate student, tutor and educational factors together. Thus, the game selected to start the architectural education with the purpose of activating the gaming instinct of the student is the â€œCity Gameâ€. The findings of this study provide guidelines for tutors to set up a favorable learning environment from the city and that cooperative learning can be enjoyable by the game for the students.Keywords: design education, game, mediator, first year architectural educationÂ
Book as an object: conceptual illustrations in Edgar Allan Poeâ€™s books and a sample study
Authors: Eken Begüm 
Published: January 2023

Today, when the future of the book is discussed, the main question is whether it has one. Information age transformed ongoing traditional features of a book. It has been foreseen by the critics that printed books, libraries and book stores are doomed to lose their values on the ground of developing technologies. As James Oâ€™Donnel cited from Pulitzer winner author E. Annie Proulx in his paper, â€œNobodyÂ is going to sit down andÂ readÂ a novel on a twitchyÂ little screen.Â Ever." (Nunberg, 1996). Although printed books are less popular in this digital age, there are still readers and book lovers who always get fascinated by the feeling of flipping pages of a book. According to a research done with readers, they would prefer to have a reading experience with a printed book rather than a screen especially if it is a classic literature book.Â Two of the main components ofÂ verbal and visual dimensions of imagination areÂ illustration and literature. Aim of this paper is to try and find a way to maintain the tradition of a printed book and to explore the relation between these principals in one medium through narrative illustrations of Edgar Allan Poe literature. Also the purpose of this paper is finding the similarities of the two disciplines, as both reveal ideas in unexpected and innovative ways in oneâ€™s mind. A selection of his short stories and poems will be illustrated and designed to engage the two areas, literature and illustration to reach readers in a more different way than usual in order to communicate with them more effectively.Keywords: Edgar Allan Poe, book as an object, illustrations, conceptual narrations, book design
The impact of physical exercises over the intimate life of the young generation (The Rorschach ink blot test)
Authors: Lupu Elena 
Published: January 2023

Physical exercise has numerous benefits: Formative, informative, educative, but above all it ensures a stable personality, a methodic behaviour which leads to a healthy life system with positive emotional reactions, giving us the possibility of control and natural intimate desires. A certain description shows us the prototype of a complete person, capable to face social demands and to enter the modern society of our days, which is extremely demanding and with high standards. In order to prove the importance of physical exercise in the life of youngsters, we used as a method of research the â€œIntimate life according to the Rorschach ink blot testâ€, which shall help us detect the aspects of intimate life and studentsâ€™ personalities from this point of view. For our research, we started from the hypothesis according to which people who greet physical exercises using it as a leisure time activity and means of socialization, have a positive intimate life and a positive personality,as compared to people with a mainly sedentary life, and who have a low level of development for their ability of adaptation,both on the professional and on the personal plan. Our research has been undertaken on a group of 123 students (41 boys;82 girls) coming from the same institution, therefore theoretically having similar preoccupations and social status.Bibliographic study method; observation method; enquiry method (conversation, questionnaire entitled â€œIntimate life according to the Rorschach ink blot testâ€, etc.); pedagogical experiment method; statistical-mathematic method; graphical method were employed as methodology. As a consequence of the research undertaken, we observed that there are significant differences regarding students who have a way of life combined with physical exercises during the week, over a school year, as compared to those who do not perform similar activities, from various reasons. In all these modifications, it is considered that a special important role is held by physical exercised performed under different aspects, reason for which we believe that it should not miss from the weekly schedule of students. Therefore, we recommend introducing it again in the university syllabus, for each week, as a university module of 90 minutes.
Keywords: Physical exercises, students, rorschach test, intimate life.
Unintended Consequences of Interventions in Electricity Production and Consumption
Authors: Sedliacik Ivan , Dadob Jaroslav 
Published: January 2023

Government interventions are contradictory theme in economic science. Subsidies and price control in electricity production and consumption are justified to â€œtreatâ€ negative externalities such as climate changes, security of supplies, innovation or unemployment issues. Many authors contradict such a treatment and prove to be ineffective. Our main focus in this article is to analyze interventions and their consequences in electricity market in Slovakia. We refer to claim of Mises, that intervention produces unintended consequences, leads to escalating price fixing and at the end it eliminates the market altogether. We examined intention, goals and tools of Slovak regulatory agency and proved those are unduly determined and will not lead to desired ends. We have proved that real outcomes of this policy had led to unintended consequences such as excess of production facilities, declining prices of electricity, decreased profitability of all producers and exit from market of marginal production sources that are not subsidized. We applied mainly Austrian economic school methods, based on methodological individualism, dualism, apriorism and deductive logic, supplemented by descriptive statistics, comparative and classification analysis. Â Â Keywords: competition; interventions; price control; submarginal production; Subsidies