bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striking universalities in stochastic resetting processes
Authors: Smith Naftali R. , Majumdar Satya N. , Schehr Grégory 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Given a random process

which undergoes stochastic resetting at a constant rate r to a position drawn from a distribution

, we consider a sequence of dynamical observables

associated to the intervals between resetting events. We calculate exactly the probabilities of various events related to this sequence: that the last element is larger than all previous ones, that the sequence is monotonically increasing, etc. Remarkably, we find that these probabilities are “super-universal”, i.e., that they are independent of the particular process

, the observables A

k
's in question and also the resetting distribution

. For some of the events in question, the universality is valid provided certain mild assumptions on the process and observables hold (e.g., mirror symmetry).
CHIP inhibits odontoblast differentiation through promoting DLX3 polyubiquitylation and degradation
Authors: Zheng Huiwen , Zhang Xiaobo , Fu Jing , Xue Yifan , Chen Zhi , Yang Guobin , Chen YiPing , Chen Di , Yuan Guohua 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Dentin is the major hard tissue of teeth formed by differentiated odontoblasts. How odontoblast differentiation is regulated remains enigmatic. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP is highly expressed in undifferentiated dental mesenchymal cells and downregulated after differentiation of odontoblasts. Ectopic expression of CHIP inhibits odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells, whereas knockdown of endogenous CHIP has opposite effects. Chip (Stub1) knockout mice display increased formation of dentin and enhanced expression of odontoblast differentiation markers. Mechanistically, CHIP interacts with and induces K63 polyubiquitylation of the transcription factor DLX3, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of DLX3 reverses the enhanced odontoblastic differentiation caused by knockdown of CHIP. These results suggest that CHIP inhibits odontoblast differentiation by targeting its tooth-specific substrate DLX3. Furthermore, our results indicate that CHIP competes with another E3 ubiquitin ligase, MDM2, that promotes odontoblast differentiation by monoubiquitylating DLX3. Our findings suggest that the two E3 ubiquitin ligases CHIP and MDM2 reciprocally regulate DLX3 activity by catalyzing distinct types of ubiquitylation, and reveal an important mechanism by which differentiation of odontoblasts is delicately regulated by divergent post-translational modifications.
Harmonisation of welfare indicators for macaques and marmosets used or bred for research
Authors: Prescott Mark J. , Leach Matthew C. , Truelove Melissa A. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Accurate assessment of the welfare of non-human primates (NHPs) used and bred for scientific purposes is essential for effective implementation of obligations to optimise their well-being, for validation of refinement techniques and novel welfare indicators, and for ensuring the highest quality data is obtained from these animals. Despite the importance of welfare assessment in NHP research, there is little consensus on what should be measured. Greater harmonisation of welfare indicators between facilities would enable greater collaboration and data sharing to address welfare-related questions in the management and use of NHPs. Methods: A Delphi consultation was used to survey attendees of the 2019 NC3Rs Primate Welfare Meeting (73 respondents) to build consensus on which welfare indicators for macaques and marmosets are reliable, valid, and practicable, and how these can be measured. Results: Self-harm behaviour, social enrichment, cage dimensions, body weight, a health monitoring programme, appetite, staff training, and positive reinforcement training were considered valid, reliable, and practicable indicators for macaques (≥70% consensus) within a hypothetical scenario context involving 500 animals. Indicators ranked important for assessing marmoset welfare were body weight, NHP induced and environmentally induced injuries, cage furniture, huddled posture, mortality, blood in excreta, and physical enrichment. Participants working with macaques in infectious disease and breeding identified a greater range of indicators as valid and reliable than did those working in neuroscience and toxicology, where animal-based indicators were considered the most important. The findings for macaques were compared with a previous Delphi consultation, and the expert-defined consensus from the two surveys used to develop a prototype protocol for assessing macaque welfare in research settings. Conclusions: Together the Delphi results and proto-protocol enable those working with research NHPs to more effectively assess the welfare of the animals in their care and to collaborate to advance refinement of NHP management and use.
4’-fluorouridine as a potential COVID-19 oral drug?: a review
Authors: Abas Abdul Hawil , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Fatimawali Fatimawali , Celik Ismail , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Emran Talha Bin , Dhama Kuldeep , Rabaan Ali A. , Garout Mohammed A. , Halwani Muhammad A. , Al Mutair Abbas , Alhumaid Saad , Harapan Harapan 
Published: May 2023

The available antiviral drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Oral drugs that can be prescribed to non-hospitalized patients are required. The 4′-fluoruridine, a nucleoside analog similar to remdesivir, is one of the promising candidates for COVID-19 oral therapy due to its ability to stall viral RdRp. Available data suggested that 4'-fluorouridine has antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and other RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In vivo study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine and was effective with a single daily dose versus molnupiravir administered twice daily. Although 4'-fluorouridine is considered as strong candidates, further studies are required to determine its efficacy in the patients and it’s genetic effects on humans. In this review, we the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine is reviewed and compared it to other drugs currently in development. The current literature on 4′-fluorouridine's antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is compiled and discussed.
The altered lung microbiome dynamics in patients with moderate and severe COPD compared to the healthy group in the Indian population
Authors: Hazra Druti , SM Fayaz , Chawla Kiran , Sintchenko Vitali , Martinez Elena , Magazine Rahul , Siddalingaiah Nayana 
Published: May 2023

Background: Microbial culture-independent sequencing techniques have advanced our understanding of host-microbiome interactions in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the dysbiosis of airway microbiota in patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: The COPD patients were investigated for disease severity based on airflow limitations and divided into moderate (50%≤FEV1<80% predicted) and severe groups (FEV1<50% predicted). Spontaneous sputum samples were collected and, the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA coding gene were sequenced to examine the microbiome profile of COPD and healthy participants. Results: A total of 45 sputum samples were collected from 17 severe COPD, 12 moderate COPD cases, and 16 healthy volunteers. The bacterial alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson’s index) significantly decreased in the moderate and severe COPD groups, compared to healthy samples. A significantly higher proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were present in moderate COPD, and Proteobacteria numbers were comparatively increased in severe COPD. In healthy samples, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were more abundant in comparison to both the COPD groups. Among the most commonly detected 20 bacterial genera, Streptococcus was predominant among the COPD sputum samples, whereas Prevotella was the top genus in healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA>2) revealed that marker genera like Streptococcus and Rothia were abundant in moderate COPD. For severe COPD, the genera Pseudomonas and Leptotrichia were most prevalent, whereas Fusobacterium and Prevotella were dominant in the healthy group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a significant dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiome in COPD patients. The decreased microbial diversity may influence the host immune response and provide microbiological biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD.
Economic effects of the war in Ukraine and recession
Authors: korriku belisa , TARTARAJ AZETA 
Published: May 2023

Background: The economic effects of wars and recessions can have significant impacts on consumer attitudes and behaviors. Understanding how these attitudes and behaviors change impacts during challenging economic times is crucial for financial education and management. Methods: A survey was conducted to investigate the financial attitudes and behaviors of individuals during a recessionary period. The survey was distributed from January 15th to February 28th, 2023 and included questions about age, financial education level, savings behavior, attitudes towards debt, gender and financial management behavior, age and financial education, and income and savings behavior. Data were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA. Results: Participants with higher income levels had higher levels of savings and investing behaviors than those with lower income levels. Participants with a higher level of formal education in finance had higher levels of budgeting and investing behaviors than those with a lower level of formal education in finance. Additionally, participants who reported higher levels of self-rated financial knowledge had higher levels of all financial management behaviors (budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management) compared to those with lower self-rated financial knowledge. Conclusions: The findings suggest that financial education and management programs should target individuals with lower income levels and less formal education in finance. Additionally, promoting self-rated financial knowledge may be a useful strategy for improving financial management behaviors. Future research could explore the effectiveness of different financial education and management programs on improving financial attitudes and behaviors during recessionary periods.
Case Report: Callosal disconnection syndrome manifesting as mixed frontal-callosal-posterior alien hand syndrome following extensive corpus callosum infarct
Authors: Zainudin Muhamad Faizal , Soo Kar Chuan , Nyein Yin Khin 
Published: May 2023

Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a rare neurological phenomenon first described by Goldstein over a century ago. The most widely recognized variants in literature are frontal, callosal, and posterior AHS. AHS due to the corpus callosum lesion can occur alone or as part of callosal disconnection syndrome (CDS). This report presents a unique CDS case manifesting clinical features from all three AHS variants, resulting from an extensive corpus callosum infarct. Our patient exhibited various clinical features from the three AHS variants, which include grasping, groping, and difficulty releasing objects from the hand (anterior); intermanual conflict (callosal); arm levitation, mild hemiparesis, and hemisensory loss (posterior). Additionally, the extensive disruption of the corpus callosal fibers produced neurological manifestations of CDS, such as cognitive impairment, ideomotor and constructional apraxia, behavioral disorder, and transcortical motor aphasia. We employed a range of rehabilitation interventions, such as mirror box therapy, limb restraint strategy, verbal cue training, cognitive behavioral therapy, bimanual hand training, speech and language therapy, and pharmacological treatment with clonazepam. The patient showed almost complete resolution of CDS and AHS features by nine months post-stroke Our case report highlights distinctive clinical variations of AHS and the challenging correlation between clinical manifestations and neuroanatomical substrates. Future studies are necessary to explore the intricate neural connections and the precise function of the corpus callosum. This can be achieved by combining comprehensive neuropsychological testing with diffusion tensor tractography studies. It is also essential to develop a validated tool to standardize AHS assessment. Finally, the scarcity of evidence in rehabilitation interventions necessitates further studies to address the wide knowledge gap in AHS and CDS management.
MEANING-GENERATING FUNCTION OF THE EMOTIVE CONTEXT
Authors: Minibaeva Svetlana V. , Zheltikova Tatiana V. 
Published: May 2023

In this article, by means of lexico-semantic and lexico-stylistic analysis, it is proved that the emotive context performs a special meaning-generating function in a literary text, influencing the meaning of the text as a whole and the reader’s understanding of it.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of emotive context in the semantic structure of a literary text.
Methods. Methodologically, the article is an interdisciplinary one, based on the use of both general scientific methods (observation, comparison, interpretation) and linguistic ones (lexico-semantic analysis of words and expressions, semantic analysis of the text). The key research method was content analysis used to analyze V. Pelevin’s story News from Nepal in the emotive aspect, taking into account the psycho-emotional content of the context.
Results. The special role of the emotive context in the semantic structure of a literary text is proved, the latter being the meaning-generating function of the emotive context, represented by emotive vocabulary, emotive markers, derivational means, fixing the nonverbal expression of emotive content, etc. The analysis of emotive contexts allowing to deepen understanding of the content of the text as a whole is presented.
STYLISTIC AND GRAMMATICAL POTENTIAL OF ENGLISH TOURISM DISCOURSE
Authors: Evseev Andrey B. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The paper aims at discovering stylistic and grammatical peculiarities in tourism discourse based on VisitBritain.com text corpus; analyzing its application scope and mission; specifying “tourism discourse” as a notion.
Methodology. Used in the paper are general scientific methods (synthesis, generalization), analysis of the text corpus, method of linguistic analysis.
Results. The issue of tourism discourse as a separate unit, not a subtype of advertising discourse, remains highly disputable nowadays. The present paper analyses the theoretical basis of notions of “discourse” and “tourism discourse”; determines the levels and communication means in tourism; substantiates the hypothesis on multi-component and multi-modal structure of tourism discourse as a linguistic phenomenon. In the practical part of the research, the author draws special attention to the specifics of the English tourism discourse in terms of typology, lexicology and morphology. The paper concludes by saying that tourism discourse is different from advertising one as well as requires further investigation into the issue.
Practical implications. The results presented in the article can be used both in theory and applications, i.e., further inquiry into the pragmatic constituent of tourism discourse and its interdisciplinarity; compilation of corpora of tourist texts in the English language; adaptation of the English tourism discourse for present-day realities and addressees’ demands.
THE FAMILY SAGA BY E. KOLINA (FROM THE NOVEL SAGA OF THE POOR GOLDMANS)
Authors: Rui Li 
Published: May 2023

Rationale. The study of genre specificity of fiction works of modern literature is important in connection with the actualization of domestic genres of mass literature. The name of saga genre is actively used by creators of women’s novels, in particular by E. Kolina. It seems necessary to examine the transformation of the attributes of the saga genre in the context of such novels.
Purpose. The article reveals the specificity of the family saga genre in E. Kolina’s novel The Saga of the Poor Goldmans.
Materials and methods. The material is a novel by E. Kolina The Saga of the Poor Goldmans (2007). In the framework of the family saga genre the analysis of the novel by E. Kolina was based on the method of narrative and theoretical analysis which was completed with the methods of psychoanalytic approach to the understanding of the main character’s specificity.
Results. The analysis of E. Kolina’s work showed the specifics of the saga genre in the novel The Saga of the Poor Goldmans. It was pointed out that E. Kolina’s saga does not always realize the traditional features of the genre, namely, historicism and equality of moral values in choosing characters’ life guidelines. It is shown that the image of home and family in the novel does not correspond to the principles of the genre, as home and family in the novel of E. Kolina’s novel no longer symbolizes the ancestral nest and strong family ties. The representation of the actual and retrospective image of the family in the novel is described. The motif of growing up in the novel is presented as the main one in highlighting the theme of childhood, realized in the motif of getting rid of teenage complexes based on envy of one sister to another.
Practical implications. The results of the analysis can be used to describe the genres of mass literature, as well as in pedagogical activities, in particular in the teaching of literary theory.
Forward to the Past: Short-Term Effects of the Rent Freeze in Berlin
Authors: Hahn Anja M. , Kholodilin Konstantin A. , Waltl Sofie R. , Fongoni Marco 
Published: May 2023

In 2020, Berlin introduced a rigorous rent-control policy responding to soaring prices by capping rents: the Mietendeckel (rent freeze). The German Constitutional Court revoked the policy only one year later. Although successful in lowering rents during its duration, the consequences for Berlin’s rental market and close-by markets are per se not clear. This article evaluates the short-term causal supply-side effects in terms of prices, quantities, and landlords’ strategic behavior. We develop a theoretical framework capturing the key features of first-generation rent control policies and Berlin-specific aspects. Using a rich pool of detailed rent advertisements, predictions are tested, and further empirical causal inference techniques are applied for comparing price trajectories of dwellings inside and outside the policy’s scope. Mechanically, advertised rents drop significantly upon the policy’s enactment. A substantial rent gap along Berlin’s administrative border emerges, and rapidly growing rents in Berlin’s (unregulated) adjacent municipalities are observed. Landlords started adopting a hedging strategy insuring themselves against the risk of contractually long-term fixed low rents following a potentially unconstitutional law. Whereas this hedge was beneficial for landlords, the risk was completely borne by tenants. Moreover, the number of available properties for rent dropped significantly, a share of which appears to be permanently lost for the rental sector. This hampers a successful housing search for first-time renters and people moving within the city. Overall, negative consequences for renters appear to outweigh positive ones. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: This research benefits from funding by the FNR Luxembourg National Research Fund [CORE Grant 3886] (ASSESS) and the OeNB Anniversary Fund [Grant 18767] (LocHouse). M. Fongoni further thanks the Department of Economics at the University of Strathclyde for support and acknowledges funding from the French government under the “France 2030” investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency [Reference ANR-17-EURE-0020] and from the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4775 .
Matrix e Esquizoanálise: elementos para pensar a produção e a reprodução da realidade
Authors: Rossi André , Trindade Tarso Ferrari 
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar e debater a noção de socius, conceito chave dentro da Esquizoanálise para pensar sua teoria da produção e reprodução social, utilizando-se do filme Matrix como um intercessor, incluindo suas diversas produções multimídias. Tomando como fio condutor, dentro do universo do longa-metragem, a estória da construção e desenvolvimento do software denominado matrix e sua relação com a humanidade, problematizamos o modo de funcionamento do sistema capitalista no contemporâneo, utilizando-nos do conceito das três sínteses, presente n’O Anti-Édipo. Mostramos de que modo a produção e reprodução dos vários socius não se encontram aprioristicamente determinados, como se fossem estruturas imutáveis e universais, mas, sim, estão em constante construção e reconstrução. Faz-se mister também destacar que a crítica pós-estruturalista da noção de estrutura não pode ser tomada erroneamente como se esta última tivesse desaparecido completamente e o sujeito fosse lançado em um campo puramente empírico. Cabe a nós, sujeitos históricos e também em incessante constituição e reconstituição, pensar os embates sociais de nosso tempo, problematizando as estratégias de enfrentamento ao capitalismo assumindo o aspecto trágico do processo de produção maquínico da realidade.
Measuring hip migration percentage in cerebral palsy using the HipScreen app
Authors: Amen John , Perkins Oliver , Cadwgan Jill , Cooke Stephen J. , Kafchitsas Konstantinos , Kokkinakis Michail 
Published: May 2023

AimsReimers migration percentage (MP) is a key measure to inform decision-making around the management of hip displacement in cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study is to assess validity and inter- and intra-rater reliability of a novel method of measuring MP using a smart phone app (HipScreen (HS) app).MethodsA total of 20 pelvis radiographs (40 hips) were used to measure MP by using the HS app. Measurements were performed by five different members of the multidisciplinary team, with varying levels of expertise in MP measurement. The same measurements were repeated two weeks later. A senior orthopaedic surgeon measured the MP on picture archiving and communication system (PACS) as the gold standard and repeated the measurements using HS app. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare PACS measurements and all HS app measurements and assess validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability.ResultsAll HS app measurements (from 5 raters at week 0 and week 2 and PACS rater) showed highly significant correlation with the PACS measurements (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was constantly over 0.9, suggesting high validity. Correlation of all HS app measures from different raters to each other was significant with r > 0.874 and p < 0.001, which also confirms high validity. Both inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent with ICC > 0.9. In a 95% confidence interval for repeated measurements, the deviation of each specific measurement was less than 4% MP for single measurer and 5% for different measurers.ConclusionThe HS app provides a valid method to measure hip MP in CP, with excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability across different medical and allied health specialties. This can be used in hip surveillance programmes by interdisciplinary measurers.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):363–369.