bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study
Authors: Russell Melissa A. , Reavley Nicola , Williams Ian , Li Wenjing , Tarzia Laura , Chondros Patty , Sanci Lena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Previous research has indicated that university students experienced substantial mental health issues during the global COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have considered changes relative to pre-pandemic levels across population groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare changes in mental health and associated stressors across the pandemic for international and local university students studying in Australia.

Methods
In a cohort of 4407 university students, we assessed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2), social support (Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey), inability to afford food, fear of partner, and experiences of discrimination, both pre-pandemic (April–May 2019) and during the pandemic (September–October 2020). Change in prevalence between local and international students were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for baseline factors.

Results
Compared to local students, international students experienced an increase in probable major depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.43, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.23, 1.66), low social support (OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.23, 3.11), inability to afford food (OR 5.21, 95% CI 3.97, 6.83) race-based discrimination (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.82, 2.68) and fear of partner (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.26, 5.13). Interaction analyses indicated that these issues were more likely to be experienced by students living outside their country of origin, inclusive of international students based in Australia (depression p value interaction term 0.02).

Conclusion
The pandemic had a substantial negative impact on international students, particularly those living outside of their country of origin during the pandemic. The inequalities exacerbated by the pandemic were present prior to the pandemic and are likely to continue post-pandemic without action. Interventions to build the supports for international students need to be urgently explored.
Historical and current developments in ethnology and anthropology of Serbia
Authors: Vučinić Nešković Vesna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article sets to present the historical and current developments in ethnology and anthropology of Serbia. The first part is devoted to the historical overview which portrays the development of the discipline from the late 19th to the early 21st century. It ends with an explanation of the use of the concept “ethnology” and “anthropology” in present-day naming of the discipline. In the second part, the most important institutions, professional societies, and anthropological journals are presented. The third part is devoted to the advancements of the University of Belgrade Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, focusing on the period since 2006, when the implementation of the Bologna Process reforms started in Serbian universities and when the significant publishing activity was invigorated. This part presents major projects, conferences and publishing activities, as well as the course curricula implemented in the 2014–2022 period by the Department at the undergraduate, master’s and doctoral levels.
Characterization and applications of evoked responses during epidural electrical stimulation
Authors: Verma Nishant , Romanauski Ben , Lam Danny , Lujan Luis , Blanz Stephan , Ludwig Kip , Lempka Scott , Shoffstall Andrew , Knudson Bruce , Nishiyama Yuichiro , Hao Jian , Park Hyun-Joo , Ross Erika , Lavrov Igor , Zhang Mingming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord has been FDA approved and used therapeutically for decades. However, there is still not a clear understanding of the local neural substrates and consequently the mechanism of action responsible for the therapeutic effects.

Method
Epidural spinal recordings (ESR) are collected from the electrodes placed in the epidural space. ESR contains multi-modality signal components such as the evoked neural response (due to tonic or BurstDR™ waveforms), evoked muscle response, stimulation artifact, and cardiac response. The tonic stimulation evoked compound action potential (ECAP) is one of the components in ESR and has been proposed recently to measure the accumulative local potentials from large populations of neuronal fibers during EES.

Result
Here, we first review and investigate the referencing strategies, as they apply to ECAP component in ESR in the domestic swine animal model. We then examine how ECAP component can be used to sense lead migration, an adverse outcome following lead placement that can reduce therapeutic efficacy. Lastly, we show and isolate concurrent activation of local back and leg muscles during EES, demonstrating that the ESR obtained from the recording contacts contain both ECAP and EMG components.

Conclusion
These findings may further guide the implementation of recording and reference contacts in an implantable EES system and provide preliminary evidence for the utility of ECAP component in ESR to detect lead migration. We expect these results to facilitate future development of EES methodology and implementation of use of different components in ESR to improve EES therapy.
Molecular evidences for population differentiation and the migration from south to north of Puccinia triticina in eastern China
Authors: Li Hongfu , Zhang Qinqin , Wang Gui , Wang Jifeng , Chen Zhiyong , Zhao Wuchao , Zheng Xinyue , Gao Li , Liu Bo , Xu Lijian , Chen Wanquan , Liu Taiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWheat leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), leading to serious wheat yield loss in the world. To study the population structure and reveal the transmission routes of Pt in eastern China, leaf samples were collected from the main wheat-producing areas from April to June 2020. Total of 372 Pt strains were amplified by 13 SSR makers and a high level of genetic diversity was revealed with 289 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) identified. STRUCTURE analysis suggests that all Pt strains were assigned to 3 clusters, and 11 populations were further defined by considering geographic locations. All 55 pairwise populations had number of migration (Nm) values > 1, indicating moderate genetic differentiation and frequent exchanges among populations. The genetic structure was significant different among populations in the northern and southern regions bounded by the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. Pt strains in the southern regions, such as Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, had higher level of genetic diversity and genetic variation, and Jiangsu might play an important role in the epidemic and population structure of Pt. Both genetic communication and horizontal wind field analyses showed that Pt had higher level of gene flow from the southern to northern regions than that of the reverse direction. The demonstrated genetic structure and dispersal route of Chinese eastern Pt populations would provide valuable information for epidemiological studies and disease control.
Oxytocin level among patients with opioid use disorder and its correlation with personality traits and perceived childhood trauma
Authors: Dessoki Hani H. , Abedlrasoul Howaida A. , Dawoud Mariam E. , Mohamed Amany M. , Soltan Mohamed R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Personality traits and perceived childhood maltreatment are of the predictors of substance use disorder development. Many studies have discussed oxytocin effect on personality traits and its relation with childhood trauma and how both affect the addictive process. The main aim was to compare oxytocin level between patients with opioid use disorder and controls and the potential association of oxytocin level with the basic dimensions of personality traits and perceived childhood adverse experiences in patients group. Forty male patients with opioid use disorder and 40 healthy controls matched in age and gender were assessed and compared regarding serum oxytocin level by ELISA, personality traits using Temperament and character inventory - revised (TCI- R) scale, and childhood adverse events using childhood trauma questionnaire.

Results
A significant difference between the patient group and the control group regarding the serum oxytocin level was found. Negative correlation with p-value <0.05 between oxytocin level and each of novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, in addition to a positive correlation between oxytocin level and each of reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness items of (TCR-R), among cases were found. Cases did not show statistically significant difference in oxytocin level between different Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) items.

Conclusions
The interaction between serum oxytocin levels, personality traits, and childhood trauma has to be considered in management with heroin-dependent patients as it plays a crucial role.
Developing an identities-based approach to support more robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and management
Authors: Jones Zachary M. , Pappas Théodora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage field, particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought. However, on a conceptual and practical level, resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage, and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components. This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fill these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters. We first review the literature and policy documents to define and identify the potential for identities-based approaches. We then examine the case of Matera, an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience. We explore the trends and effects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns, largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange. Through this comparison, we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.
Transformation Zone Assessment Using Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Before and After Thermal Ablation: Implications for Follow-Up
Authors: Balli Christine , Kenfack Bruno , Horo Apollinaire , Jeronimo Jose , Abatsong Esther , Wisniak Ania , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Thermal ablation (TA) has become the conventional method for treatment of precancerous cervical lesions in low-resource settings. After TA, both the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and the transformation zone (TZ) may be subject to change. Our aim was to evaluate SCJ and TZ variability after TA. METHODS Study data were collected in a large prospective trial of a cervical cancer screening campaign in Cameroon. For each patient, two sets of cervical photos (native and with acetic acid) were taken before and 6-12 months after TA. The SCJ and TZ were evaluated independently by three observers according to the WHO nomenclature. When discordances were observed between the type of TZ and SCJ selected by each observer, a corrected TZ was established on the basis of the SCJ categorization. Interobserver agreement for TZ interpretation was evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient for agreement between two observers and Fleiss' kappa between three observers. RESULTS Fifty consecutive participants were included in the analysis. Seventy-six percent were interpreted as TZ1-2, and 24% as TZ3 before TA. In 56% of cases, the entire SCJ could not be entirely visualized after TA, thus being recategorized as TZ3. Interobserver agreement was fair for diagnosis before TA (Kappa coefficient, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.45) and moderate for diagnosis after TA (Kappa coefficient, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.50). After TA, 36% progressed from TZ1-2 to TZ3, with a moderate interobserver agreement (Kappa coefficient, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.54). CONCLUSION We observed a shift of the SCJ into the endocervical canal after TA. A significant proportion of participants had TZ 3 after treatment, raising the question of visual inspection with acetic acid's applicability as a first-line follow-up examination method after TA.
A Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Considerations in Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meetings (2016-2021)
Authors: Gnanasakthy Ari , Norcross Lindsey , Clark Marci , Fitzgerald Kristina 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to gain insight into the role of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) reviews and recommendations by documenting PRO-related considerations that appear in transcripts of ODAC meetings over a 6-year period (2016-2021). METHODS: ODAC meeting transcripts were reviewed for any mention of PRO-related concepts. Meetings that reviewed biosimilars and meetings that discussed conceptual matters were excluded. For each identified transcript, the meeting date, brand and generic names of the drug, and indication were collected from the meeting minutes. Comments by ODAC members, FDA reviewers, and study sponsors on PRO data were captured during the review. Qualitative review of transcripts included both reading and searching for key terms, including PROs, quality of life, and health-related quality of life. Discussion of PRO-related topics was captured verbatim, organized thematically, and analyzed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven transcripts of reviews were identified for 2016-2021. Topics related to PROs were included in 12 of those 27 reviews. The ODAC was satisfied with PROs included in 2 of those 12 reviews. Reasons for dissatisfaction in 10 of the 12 reviews included key concepts not assessed (5/12), missing data (5/12), and disagreement with sponsors' interpretation (3/12). The ODAC also expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of PRO data in 6 of 15 reviews that did not include PROs. CONCLUSION: Less than half of ODAC reviews in 2016-2021 included PROs, and reviewers expressed frustration at the lack of PRO data. Even when included, evidence on the basis of PROs was rarely deemed adequate for benefit-risk assessments.
Effect of Acute Ketone Monoester Ingestion on Cardiorespiratory Responses to Exercise and the Influence of Blood Acidosis
Authors: McCarthy Devin G. , Bostad William , Bone Jack , Powley Fiona J. , Richards Douglas L. , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Ketone monoester (KE) ingestion can induce hyperketonemia and blood acidosis. We previously found that acute ingestion of 0.6 g/kg body mass KE increased exercise heart rate (HR) compared to placebo.

Purpose
To examine the effect of KE ingestion on exercise cardiac output (Q̇) and the influence of blood acidosis. We hypothesized that KE vs placebo ingestion would increase Q̇ and co-ingestion of the pH buffer bicarbonate would mitigate this effect.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner, 15 endurance-trained adults [peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), 60 ± 9 mL/kg/min] ingested either 0.2 g/kg sodium bicarbonate or a salt placebo 60-min pre-exercise, and 0.6 g/kg KE or a ketone-free placebo 30-min before exercise. Supplementation yielded three experimental conditions: basal ketone bodies and neutral pH (CON), hyperketonemia and blood acidosis (KE), and hyperketonemia and neutral pH (KE + BIC). Exercise involved 30 min of cycling at ventilatory threshold intensity, followed by determinations of V̇O2peak and peak Q̇.

Results
Blood [β-hydroxybutyrate], a ketone body, was higher in KE (3.5 ± 0.1 mM) and KE + BIC (4.4 ± 0.2) vs CON (0.1 ± 0.0, p < 0.0001). Blood pH was lower in KE vs CON (7.30 ± 0.01 vs 7.34 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) and KE + BIC (7.35 ± 0.01, p < 0.001). Q̇ during submaximal exercise was not different between conditions (CON: 18.2 ± 3.6, KE: 17.7 ± 3.7, KE + BIC: 18.1 ± 3.5 L/min, p = 0.4). HR was higher in KE (153 ± 9 beats/min) and KE + BIC (154 ± 9) vs CON (150 ± 9, p < 0.02). V̇O2peak (p = 0.2) and peak Q̇ (p = 0.3) were not different between conditions but peak workload was lower in KE (359 ± 61 W) and KE + BIC (363 ± 63) vs CON (375 ± 64, p < 0.02).

Conclusions
KE ingestion did not increase Q̇ during submaximal exercise despite a modest elevation of HR. This response occurred independent of blood acidosis and was associated with a lower workload at V̇O2peak.
Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats
Authors: Aulia Lusiana , Pane Yunita Sari 
Published: February 2023

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, Aloe vera extract could fasten the healing process of 2nd degree burn wound in rats.
Incidence, risk and impact of ICU readmission on patient outcomes and resource utilisation in tertiary level ICUs in Nepal: A cohort study
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Paneru Hem Raj , Koirala Sabin , Khanal Sushil , Acharya Subhash Prasad , Karki Arjun , Dona Dilanthi Gamaga , Haniffa Rashan , Beane Abi , Salluh Jorge I F 
Published: February 2023

Background: Readmissions to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) result in increased morbidity, mortality, and ICU resource utilisation (e.g. prolonged mechanical ventilation), and as such, is a widely utilised metric of quality of critical care. Most of the evidence on incidence, characteristics, associated risk factors and attributable outcomes of unplanned readmission to ICU are from studies performed in high-income countries This study explores the determinants of risk attributable to unplanned ICU readmission in four ICUs in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: The registry-embedded eCRF reported data on case mix, severity of illness, in-ICU interventions (including organ support), ICU outcome, and readmission characteristics. Data were captured in all adult patients admitted between September 2019 and February 2021. Population and ICU encounter characteristics were compared between those with and without readmission. Independent risk factors for readmission were assessed using univariate analysis. Results: In total 2955 patients were included in the study. Absolute unplanned ICU readmission rate was 5.69 % (n=168) for all four ICUs. Median time from ICU discharge to readmission was 3 days (IQR=8,1). Of those readmitted, 29.17% (n=49) were discharged at night following their index admission. ICU mortality was higher following readmission to ICU(p=0.016) and mortality was increased further in patients whose primary index discharge was at night(p= 0.019). Primary diagnosis, age, and use of organ support in the first 24hrs of index admission were all independently attributable risk factors for readmission. Conclusions: Unplanned ICU readmission rates were adversely associated with significantly poorer outcomes, increased ICU resource utilisation. Clinical and organisational characteristics influenced risk of readmission and outcome.
Spatial distribution and determinants of newborn care within 2 days of postpartum period among women with at least one antenatal care visit in Ethiopia: Mixed effect multilevel analysis
Authors: Asratie Melaku Hunie , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , tsega Nuhamin Tesfa , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Gashaw Moges , Endalew Mastewal 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Neonatal mortality is pervasive in developing countries like Ethiopia. Though the risk of neonatal mortality is preventable through consolidating simple, low-cost, and less time-consuming essential care, there is a scarcity of evidence about the spatial distribution of newborn care in Ethiopia.

Objective
The current study aimed to demonstrate spatial distribution and determinants of newborn care within 2 days of the postpartum period in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was employed based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data and 2796 post-partum period women were included. Arc GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 software were used. Mixed effect analysis was done by STATA version 14 software. Bivariate analysis was done and variables with a p value<0.2 were taken as a candidate for multilevel multivariable logistic regression. Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Proportion Change in Variance (PCV), and Median Odds Ratio (MOR) were used for model comparison and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with respect to a 95% confidence interval was used for declaring statistical significance. In the multivariable analysis, a p-value≤0.05 was considered as a cut point of statistical significance with the outcome variable.

Results
The spatial distribution of newborn care was not random and the overall prevalence was 48.39%. Secondary educational level (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 1.5;95% CI 1.06,2.62), college and above (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.22,5.01), number of antenatal cares three (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.10, 2.04), antenatal care four and above (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.22; 2.19), place of delivery (AOR = 9.67; 7.44, 12.57) and child is a twin (AOR = 3.33; 95% CI 1.23, 9.00) were variables significantly associated with newborn care.

Conclusions
Newborn care practice in Ethiopia is below half per hundred participants. Even the distribution was not random. There is a need to pay attention to those cold spot areas and factors significantly associated with newborn care. Improving women’s educational levels secondary and above, and consolidating the continuation of antenatal care and health facility delivery were the priority areas to improve newborn care in Ethiopia. Maternal and neonatal health program managers and policymakers should pay attention to those cold spots of newborn care to achieve the sustainable development goal.