bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative strengths and challenges on face‐to‐face and computer‐based attention tasks in autistic and neurotypical toddlers
Authors: Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Elshamy Yomna , Smith Isabel M. , Brian Jessica A. , Wass Sam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objectives were to compare patterns of visual attention in toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to their sex‐ and age‐matched neurotypical (NT) peers. Participants included 23 toddlers with ASD and 19 NT toddlers (mean age: 25.52 versus 25.21 months, respectively) assessed using computerized tasks to measure sustained attention, disengaging attention, and cognitive control, as well as an in‐person task to assess joint attention. Toddlers in the ASD group showed increased looking durations on the sustained attention task, as well as reduced frequencies of responding to and initiating joint attention compared to NT peers, but showed no differences on tasks of disengaging attention and cognitive control. The results suggest that toddlers with ASD have attentional strengths that may provide a foundation for building attention, communicative, and ultimately, academic skills.
Microbial synthetic biology for plant metabolite production: a strategy to reconcile human health with the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Rojo Fernando Perez , Vuong Paton , Pillow J. Jane , Kaur Parwinder 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that provide an array of benefits for human health. Challenges of native host production systems such as excessive land use, large carbon footprints, long production times, and high production costs often make plant‐based production of these critical metabolites inefficient and unsustainable. Engineered production through microbial‐based synthetic biology offers an alternative method of producing plant compounds that addresses the limitations encountered in plant‐based production. New technological and analytical tools such as bioprospecting, machine learning, and protein modeling can be used to explore biodiversity‐based data to identify more efficient enzymatic sequences for optimizing the production of plant derivatives. Ex planta production using microbial chassis systems provides a flexible, scalable metabolic platform that can more readily integrate new metabolic processes. Potential improvements include increased production rates and enhanced bioavailability of critical compounds, expanding the frontiers of metabolite production for optimized clinical applications. Microbial‐based synthetic biology also opens an avenue for sustainable production, with the capability of modifying the microbial chassis to accommodate a wide variety of substrates for feedstock. It includes the utilization of waste from human activities as carbon sources for production, presenting an opportunity to use cheap renewable resources for greener production methods. The benefits of ex planta production systems can potentially enable the efficient, scalable, and sustainable production of plant derivatives that may vastly improve health and help bring forward the realization of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Digital innovations for micro, small and medium enterprises in the net zero economy: A strategic perspective
Authors: Sonar Harshad , Ghag Nikhil , Kharde Yashomandira , Singodia Mamta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to achieve a net zero economy, there must be a thorough digital revolution where sustainability is given top priority by spurring innovation, generating efficiencies, and improving services. Data show that digitalization is essential to reaching sustainable development goals as the world community struggles to meet the urgent need to combat climate change. Therefore, this study aims at identifying important barriers to digital innovation for MSMEs in a net‐zero economy. This study used past academic literature and the fuzzy‐Delphi method to identify important barriers and the weighted influence nonlinear gauge system (WINGS) method to prioritize and develop contextual relationships between identified barriers. As per the findings, lack of organizational resources and support is the most crucial barrier to digital innovation. This is followed by challenges in designing a digital strategy. The novelty of this study is the identification of digital innovation barriers for MSMEs from net‐zero perspectives and prioritizing them using the WINGS method. This work will help practitioners to define clear organizational policies on digital innovation which will offer great promise for MSMEs to increase their performance.
Correlation between measured and predicted mismatch with valve hemodynamics in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A sex‐based analysis
Authors: Natalis Alexandre , Masson Jean‐Bernard , Mansour Mohamad J. , Asmar Mike Al , Potvin Jeannot , Gobeil Jean‐François , Riahi Mounir , Noiseux Nicolas , Stevens Louis‐Mathieu , Forcillo Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the reliability of predicted effective orifice area indexed (pEOAi) is scarce in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).AimsTo assess the validity of the pEOAi in TAVR by correlating its value with echocardiography‐derived hemodynamic data.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study of TAVR patients from 2012 to 2021 with available echocardiograms was conducted. Patient‐prosthesis mismatch (PPM) was defined based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 criteria. The main endpoints were the congruence of measured effective orifice area indexed (EOAi) and pEOAi with the hemodynamic data obtained by echocardiography. The secondary endpoint included a correlation of predicted PPM (pPPM) and measured PPM (mPPM) with postoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) status.ResultsA total of 318 patients were included. pPPM was more frequent than mPPM (54 [17%]; all moderate PPM vs. 39 [12.3%]: 32 moderate and 7 severe PPM). Predicted and measured EOAi were statistically correlated with postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient and Doppler velocity index (all p < 0.001), including in both sex‐based subgroups. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of pPPM for postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient ≥ 20 mmHg were 16% and 97%, respectively. Only pPPM was significantly more prevalent in the group in which NYHA failed to improve than in those with symptom improvement (30.1% vs. 16%, p = 0.027).ConclusionPredicted PPM has an excellent NPV for postprocedural transvalvular mean gradient ≥ 20 mmHg and seems to be a good predictor of NYHA status evolution as opposed to measured PPM. Predicted EOAi can be used in procedural planning to reduce the risk of PPM in both TAVR male and female patients.
Strong Activity Changes Observable during the First Pretreatment Cycles of Trimetallic PtNiMo/C Catalysts
Authors: Danisman Bilal , Zhang Gui‐Rong , Baumunk Adrian F. , Yang Juntao , Brummel Olaf , Darge Philipp , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Libuda Jörg , Ledendecker Marc , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPt‐based alloy catalysts supported on carbon are commonly characterized for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity using the rotating disk electrode technique (RDE). Within this study, we show exemplarily for PtNiMo/C catalysts that the applied pretreatment influences strongly the determined activity. The classically employed descriptor of unchanged cyclic voltammetry response is insufficient to portrait completed surface restructuring, and gives an incorrect impression that stable activity can be determined. This might be one of the reasons for the strongly deviating activities reported in literature. Following the changes in activity during pretreatment also with in‐situ FTIR and online dissolution measurements gives insights to an up to now largely overseen high activity of the trimetallic catalysts. A maximum activity of 0.57 mA cmPt−2 at 0.95 VRHE is reached quickly during the first six cycles and decreases slowly subsequently. The maximum activity and change of activity over the cycle number is affected by the scan rate and electrolyte refreshing, while the gas atmosphere plays only a minor role. This exemplary study might be important for Pt alloy catalysts in general.
Geopolymer Based Electrodes as New Class of Material for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Schuster Jürgen , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie , Stöckl Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo achieve a successful transition to a sustainable carbon and energy management, it is essential to both reduce CO2 emissions and develop new technologies that utilize CO2 as a starting substrate. In this study, we demonstrate for the first‐time the functionalization of geopolymer binder (GP) with Sn for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2RR) to formate. By substituting cement with Sn‐GP, we have merged CO2 utilisation and emission reduction. Using a simple mixing procedure, we were able to obtain a pourable mortar containing 5 vol. % Sn‐powder. After hardening, the Sn‐GP electrodes were characterized for their mechanical and CO2 electrolysis performance. In 10 h electrolyses, formate concentrations were as high as 22.7±0.9 mmol L−1 with a corresponding current efficiency of 14.0±0.5 % at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Our study demonstrates the successful design of GP‐electrodes as a new class of hybrid materials that connect eCO2RR and construction materials.
The Structure of Maneb, An Important Manganese‐Containing Bis(dithiocarbamate) Fungicide
Authors: Kubens Laura , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Lehmann Christian W. , Lützenkirchen‐Hecht Dirk , Bornhorst Julia , Mohr Fabian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractManeb is a manganese(II)‐containing fungicide with a multi‐site effect and no resistance, therefore it is widely applied in many parts of the world. There is, however, mounting evidence for neurotoxic effects with Parkinson‐like symptoms (manganism) related to usage of Maneb. Due to its insolubility in most solvents and its paramagnetism, structural elucidation is not trivial, and thus its exact molecular structure remains unknown. We report herein a synthesis procedure to prepare Maneb reproducibly in pure form and the use of various analytical techniques including X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electron diffraction to determine the molecular structure of Maneb in the solid state and also in solution.
Racial disparities in women with ST elevation myocardial infarction: A National Inpatient Sample review of baseline characteristics, co‐morbidities, and outcomes in women with STEMI
Authors: Senthil Kumaran Sriviji , Del Cid Fratti Juan , Desai Anjali , Garg Rimmy , Requeña‐Armas Carlos , Barzallo Pablo , Henien Mena , Ahmad Mansoor , Mungee Sudhir , Mukhopadhyay Ekanka , Kizhakekuttu Tinoy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundA third of the patients admitted with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Previous studies showed that females with STEMI have higher mortality than men.HypothesisThere exist significant disparities in outcomes among women of different races presenting with STEMI.MethodsNational inpatient sample (NIS) data was obtained from January 2016 to December 2018 for the hospitalization of female patients with STEMI. We compared outcomes, using an extensive multivariate regression analysis amongst women from different races. Our primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were revascularization use, procedure complications, and healthcare utilization.ResultsOf 202 223 female patients with STEMI; 11.3% were African American, 7.4% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 4.3% another race. In‐hospital mortality was higher in non‐Caucasian groups. African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.30; p < .01) and another race (aOR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.15–1.63; p < .01) had higher odds of mortality when compared with white women. African American (aOR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.62–0.72; p < .01), Hispanics (aOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.88; p < .01), and Asian (aOR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.90; p < .01) had lower odds of percutaneous intervention (PCI) when compared with whites. African Americans had fewer odds of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and use of Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) during the index admission. Non‐Caucasians had more comorbidities, complications, and healthcare utilization costs.ConclusionThere are significant racial disparities in clinical outcomes and revascularization in female patients with STEMI. African American women have a higher likelihood of mortality among the different races. Females from minority groups are also less likely to undergo PCI.
Genetic differences according to onset age and lung function in asthma: A cluster analysis
Authors: Kim Han‐Kyul , Kang Ji‐One , Lim Ji Eun , Ha Tae‐Woong , Jung Hae Un , Lee Won Jun , Kim Dong Jun , Baek Eun Ju , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan , Kim Tae‐Bum , Oh Bermseok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of differences between genetic risks associated with various asthma subtypes is still unknown. To better understand the heterogeneity of asthma, we employed an unsupervised method to identify genetic variants specifically associated with asthma subtypes. Our goal was to gain insight into the genetic basis of asthma.MethodsIn this study, we utilized the UK Biobank dataset to select asthma patients (All asthma, n = 50,517) and controls (n = 283,410). We excluded 14,431 individuals who had no information on predicted values of forced expiratory volume in one second percent (FEV1%) and onset age, resulting in a final total of 36,086 asthma cases. We conducted k‐means clustering based on asthma onset age and predicted FEV1% using these samples (n = 36,086). Cluster‐specific genome‐wide association studies were then performed, and heritability was estimated via linkage disequilibrium score regression. To further investigate the pathophysiology, we conducted eQTL analysis with GTEx and gene‐set enrichment analysis with FUMA.ResultsClustering resulted in four distinct clusters: early onset asthmanormalLF (early onset with normal lung function, n = 8172), early onset asthmareducedLF (early onset with reduced lung function, n = 8925), late‐onset asthmanormalLF (late‐onset with normal lung function, n = 12,481), and late‐onset asthmareducedLF (late‐onset with reduced lung function, n = 6508). Our GWASs in four clusters and in All asthma sample identified 5 novel loci, 14 novel signals, and 51 cluster‐specific signals. Among clusters, early onset asthmanormalLF and late‐onset asthmareducedLF were the least correlated (rg = 0.37). Early onset asthmareducedLF showed the highest heritability explained by common variants (h2 = 0.212) and was associated with the largest number of variants (71 single nucleotide polymorphisms). Further, the pathway analysis conducted through eQTL and gene‐set enrichment analysis showed that the worsening of symptoms in early onset asthma correlated with lymphocyte activation, pathogen recognition, cytokine receptor activation, and lymphocyte differentiation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that early onset asthmareducedLF was the most genetically predisposed cluster, and that asthma clusters with reduced lung function were genetically distinct from clusters with normal lung function. Our study revealed the genetic variation between clusters that were segmented based on onset age and lung function, providing an important clue for the genetic mechanism of asthma heterogeneity.
The Modification and Applications of Nanopipettes in Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yuan , Lv Jian , Wu Xue , Hong Qin , Qian Ruo‐Can 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanopipette, which is fabricated by glasses and possesses a nanoscale pore in the tip, has been proven to be immensely useful in electrochemical analysis. Numerous nanopipette‐based sensors have emerged with improved sensitivity, selectivity, ease of use, and miniaturization. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the recent developments of nanopipette‐based electrochemical sensors based on different types of nanopipettes, including single‐nanopipettes, self‐referenced nanopipettes, dual‐nanopipettes, and double‐barrel nanopipettes. Several important modification materials for nanopipette functionalization are highlighted, such as conductive materials, macromolecular materials, and functional molecules. These materials can improve the sensing performance and targeting specificities of nanopipettes. We also discuss examples of related applications and the future development of nanopipette‐based strategies.
Impact of enzymatic digestion on single cell suspension yield from peripheral human lung tissue
Authors: Bondonese Anna , Craig Andrew , Fan Li , Valenzi Eleanor , Bain William , Lafyatis Robert , Sembrat John , Chen Kong , Snyder Mark E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of translational investigations of lung biology rely on analyzing single cell suspensions obtained from human lungs. To obtain these single cell suspensions, human lungs from biopsies or research‐consented organ donors must be subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion prior to analysis with either flow cytometry or single cell RNA sequencing. A variety of enzymes have been used to perform tissue digestion, each with potential limitations. To better understand the limitations of each enzymatic digestion protocol and to establish a framework for comparing studies across protocols, we performed five commonly published protocols in parallel from identical samples obtained from 6 human lungs. Following mechanical (gentleMACS™) and enzymatic digestion, we quantified cell count and viability using a Nexcelom Cellometer and determined cell phenotype using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry (Cytek™ Aurora). We found that all protocols were superior in cellular yield and viability when compared to mechanical digestion alone. Protocols high in dispase cleaved immune markers CD4, CD8, CD69, and CD103 and contributed to an increased monocyte to macrophage yield. Similarly, dispase led to a differential epithelial cell yield, with increased TSPN8+ and ITGA6+ epithelial cells and reduced CD66e+ cells. When compared to collagenase D, collagenase P protocols yielded increased AT1 and AT2 cells and decreased endothelial cells. These results provide a framework for selecting an enzymatic digestion protocol best suited to the scientific question and allow for comparison of studies using different protocols.
Resolving the mechanisms underlying epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of the lateral plate mesoderm
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Smith Craig A. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryFormation of the vertebrate limb buds begins with a localized epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the somatic lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). While the processes that drive proliferation and outgrowth of the limb mesenchyme are well established, the fundamental mechanisms that precede this process and initiate EMT are less understood. In this review, we outline putative drivers of EMT of the LPM, drawing from analyses across a range of vertebrates and developmental models. We detail the expression patterns of key EMT transcriptional regulators in the somatic LPM of the presumptive limb fields, and their potential role in producing a mesenchymal cell fate. These include a putative cooperative role between the EMT inducers PRRX1 and TWIST1, supported by evidence in zebrafish and chicken models but unconfirmed data from mice. As such, additional functional data are required to definitively determine the mechanisms that initiate and drive EMT of the somatic LPM, a critical transition preceding formation of the limb bud mesenchyme.
Human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cell administration protects against acute lung injury in a mouse model
Authors: Fang Junbiao , Wei Hanwei , Wang Hongfa , Wang Junkai , Liu Huizi , Chen Yue , Chen Long , Lu Ling , Zhang Qiang , Pan Ruolang , Cui Enhai , Luo Xiaopan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) administration on tissue repair following acute lung injury (ALI). PMSCs were transplanted intravenously to a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI. The therapeutic effects were determined by evaluating several indicators, including pathology; the wet/dry ratio of the lungs; blood gas analysis; the total protein content, cell numbers, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF); and the levels of anti‐inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF. To investigate the underlying mechanism, PMSC‐derived exosomes were used for ALI treatment. Administration of PMSCs improved the degree of lung injury, reduced inflammation, increased the expression levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and protected lung function. As expected, the effects of PMSC‐derived exosomes in the ALI model were similar to those of PMSCs, both in terms of improved lung function and reduced inflammation. These findings suggest that PMSCs have ameliorating effects on ALI that are potentially mediated via their secreted exosomes.
Perovskite solar cell fabrication via scalable thermal‐assisted and meniscus‐guided bar‐coating method in open air
Authors: Adugna Gizachew Belay , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerovskite‐based solar cell is getting great attention as a promising candidate for future solar cell technology, since high power conversion efficiency above 25.5% have been demonstrated for small scale PSCs from films prepared mainly by spin‐coating method, which is not feasible for large area film preparation. Scalable and cost‐effective film fabrication techniques are urgently needed for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.ObjectiveTo develop a process from which large‐area, high quality and unifoem perovskite films, as well as the hole‐transporting layer films, can be prepared in a simple and cheap way for the practical application and mass production of perovskite solar cells.MethodsLarge‐area electron‐transporting layer layers of mp‐TiO2 and c‐TiO2 were prepared on the FTO substrate by the solution‐shearing method. Then the 10 × 10 cm2 perovskite film was prepared by using a bar‐coater from perovskite precursor solution in ACN/MA solvent system under optimized conditions. The spiro‐OMeTAD film was also prepared by bar‐coating process. Standard‐sized pieces (1.5 × 1.8 cm2) were cut and the Ag metal electrode (80 nm) was deposited through a shadow mask in a thermal evaporation system for device evaluation.ResultsThe large crystalline grains and pinhole‐free perovskite film obtained were fully characterized to show better film properties compared to that from the spin‐coated film, and appeared less sensitive to moisture. A higher PCE of 19.72% was achieved for standard‐sized devices fabricated from the bar‐coated perovskite film with spiro‐OMeRAD film spin‐coated on top, or an excellent PCE of 18.10% was obtained with bar‐coated spiro‐OMeTAD layer on top.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that the simple and scalable process of bar‐coating can offer high quality and homogeneous films of perovskite and spiro‐OMeTAD respectively. It is compatible with the R2R process and useful in realizing the commercialization of PSC technology.