bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Seasonal Cycle of Rainfall over Central Africa
Authors: Longandjo Georges-Noel T. , Rouault Mathieu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), with its twice-annual passage over central Africa, is considered as the main driver of the rainfall seasonality. But recently, this paradigm was challenged. Here, a simple comprehensive paradigm is presented with an asymmetric shallow meridional overturning circulation – driven by surface conditions – playing a thermodynamical control on the rainfall seasonality over central Africa. Indeed, due to the local evaporative cooling effect, the foot of the ascending branch of Hadley cells occurs where the temperature is the warmest, indicating a thermal low. This distorts the southern Hadley cell by developing its bottom-heavy structure. As result, both shallow and deep Hadley cells coexist over central Africa year–round. The deep mode is associated with the poleward transport of atmospheric energy at upper levels. The shallow mode is characterized by a shallow meridional overturning cell that favours the building-up of the mid-tropospheric moisture convergence, with no contribution of the African easterly jets, indicative of deep convection. The precipitating convection embedded in this rising branch of Hadley cells at midlevels, and with it the rainfall maximum, are thus controlled by this mid-tropospheric moisture convergence. Its meridional migration highlights the interhemispheric rainfall contrast over central Africa and outlines the unimodal seasonality. On the other hand, forced by the Congo basin cell, the precipitable water regulates the deep convection from the vegetated surface of Congo basin, acting as a continental sea. This nonlinear mechanism separates the rainfall into three distinct regimes: the moisture-convergence-controlled regime, with convective rainfall exclusively occurring in rainy season; the local evaporation-controlled regime with drizzle and the precipitable-water-controlled regime, with exponential rainfall increase occurring both in dry season.
Value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT radiomics combined clinical variables in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Wang Xun , Zhou Dandan , Kong Yu , Cheng Nan , Gao Ming , Zhang Guqing , Ma Junli , Ge Shuang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are common clinical problems that can be caused by various reasons. The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant VCFs is challengeable. This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomics model to predict benign and malignant VCFs on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT).
Results
Twenty-six features (9 PET features and 17 CT features) and five clinical variables (age, SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak) were selected ultimately. The area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics and clinical-radiomics model were statistically different from the clinical model in both training group (0.986, 0.987 vs. 0.884, p < 0.05) and test group (0.962, 0.948 vs. 0.858, p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the radiomics model and clinical-radiomics model (p > 0.05). The accuracy of the radiomics and clinical-radiomics model was 94%, 95.0% in training group and 93.2%, 93.2% in test group. Three models all showed good calibration (Hosmer_Lemeshow_test, p > 0.05). According to the decision curve analysis (DCA), the radiomics model and clinical-radiomics model showed higher overall net benefit than the clinical model.
Conclusions
The PET/CT-based radiomics and clinical-radiomics model showed good performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign VCFs. The radiomics method may be valuable for treatment decision-making.
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction within the scope of electron attraction in metallic magnetic films
Authors: Choe Sug-Bong , Yu Ji-Sung , Lee Seong-Hyub , Kim Minhwan , Shin Jiho , Shim Wooyoung , Kim Duck-Ho 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) plays a crucial role in the formation of chiral objects such as magnetic skyrmions and chiral domain walls. Despite its significance, the origin of the iDMI remains debated among several possible mechanisms. Here we report experimental observations demonstrating a correlation between the parameters related to the electron attraction and iDMI through systematic measurement of the iDMI on various materials. Among these parameters, the Allen-scale electronegativity of the non-magnetic layer adjacent to the magnetic layer, exhibits the strongest correlation with iDMI. Additionally, the electron affinity also exhibits noticeable correlation with iDMI. It indicates that electron attraction-related phenomena, such as electric dipole moment, can be connected to the emergence mechanism of iDMI. These results offer valuable insights into the origin of the iDMI and provide guidance for selecting suitable materials to enhance its emergence.
Early detection of brain metastases and appropriate local therapy followed by systemic chemotherapy may improve the prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Ishizuka Yasunobu , Omori Takeshi , Shinno Naoki , Yamamoto Masaaki , Hara Hisashi , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Nishio Minako , Nishida Naohiro , Fujisawa Fumie , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Yagi Toshinari , Goto Masahiro , Nishikawa Hiroki , Kudo Toshihiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Brain metastases develop in 0.5–0.7% of patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Although rare, brain metastasis is often identified when the patient is already symptomatic; hence prognosis is poor. Given the therapeutic developments for G/GEJ cancer, overall survival is prolonged, thereby the incidence of brain metastases is predicted to increase. We retrospectively surveyed the rate of brain metastasis among 1,257 patients diagnosed with G/GEJ cancer who received chemotherapy between January 2011 and April 2021. We investigated the time of onset of brain metastasis, treatments administered, and impact of the metastasis on the overall treatment course and prognosis. Of the 741 patients included in the analysis, brain metastasis was confirmed in 16 (2.2%). The median survival time (MST) from G/GEJ cancer diagnosis was 14.9 months in patients with brain metastasis detected during the treatment period, and the MST from the diagnosis of brain metastasis was 2.8 months. Patients who received chemotherapy exhibited prolonged survival compared with those who did not (12.4 months vs 1.0 months, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the early detection of brain metastases and local therapy for poor responders to chemotherapy enable the continuation of chemotherapy and prolong survival.
Quantified Pathway Mutations Associate Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Escape with Poor Prognosis and Immunotherapy Resistance of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yuhong , Liu Han , Liu Bo , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Danya , Xue Junyuan , Li Nan , Zhu Lei , Yang Liu , Xiao Jing , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Pathway mutations have been calculated to predict the poor prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To uncover the unique markers predicting prognosis and immune therapy response, the accurately quantified pathway mutations are required to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune escape. Yet, there is a lack of score to accurately quantify pathway mutations.
Material and methods
Firstly, we proposed Individualized Weighted Hallmark Gene Set Mutation Burden (IWHMB, https://github.com/YuHongHuang-lab/IWHMB) which integrated pathway structure information and eliminated the interference of global Tumor Mutation Burden to accurately quantify pathway mutations. Subsequently, to further elucidate the association of IWHMB with EMT and immune escape, support vector machine regression model was used to identify IWHMB-related transcriptomic features (IRG), while Adversarially Regularized Graph Autoencoder (ARVGA) was used to further resolve IRG network features. Finally, Random walk with restart algorithm was used to identify biomarkers for predicting ICI response.
Results
We quantified the HNSCC pathway mutation signature and identified pathway mutation subtypes using IWHMB. The IWHMB-related transcriptomic features (IRG) identified by support vector machine regression were divided into 5 communities by ARVGA, among which the community 1 that enriched with malignant mesenchymal components promoted EMT dynamically and regulated immune patterns associated with ICI responses. Bridge Hub Gene (BHG) identified by random walk with restart was key to IWHMB in EMT and immune escape, thus, more predictive for ICI response than other 70 Public signatures.
Conclusion
In summary, the novel pathway mutation scoring-IWHMB suggested that the elevated malignancy mediated by pathway mutations is a major cause of poor prognosis and immunotherapy failure in HNSCC, and is capable of identifying novel biomarkers to predict immunotherapy response.
The explosive phonolitic volcanism of Petite-Terre (Mayotte, Western Indian Ocean)
Authors: LACOMBE Tristan , Gurioli Lucia , Muro Andrea Di , Médard Etienne , Berthod Carole , Bachèlery Patrick , Bernard Julien , Sadeski Ludivine , Besson Pascale , Komorowski Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We describe four Quaternary volcanic phonolitic explosive edifices containing mantle xenoliths on Petite-Terre Island (Mayotte, Comoros Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean) to quantifying magma fragmentation processes and eruptive dynamics. Petite-Terre explosive volcanism is the westernmost subaerial expression of a 60 km volcanic chain, whose eastern submarine tip has been the site of the 2018–2021 sub-marine eruption which saw the birth of a new volcano, Fani Maoré. The scattered recent volcanic activity and the persistence of deep seismic activity along the volcanic chain requires to constrain the origin of past activity as a proxy of possible future volcanic activity on land. Through geomorphology, stratigraphy, grain size and componentry data we show that Petite-Terre tuff rings and tuff cones are likely formed by several closely spaced eruptions forming a monogenetic volcanic complex. The eruptive sequences are composed of few, relatively thin (cm-dm) coarse and lithic rich pumice fallout layers containing abundant ballistic clasts, and fine-ash rich deposits mostly emplaced by dilute pyroclastic density current (PDCs). All deposits are dominated by vesiculated, juvenile (pumice clasts, dense clasts, and obsidian) and non-juvenile clasts from older mafic scoria cones, coral reef and the volcanic shield of Mayotte as well as mantle xenoliths. We conclude that phonolitic magma ascended directly and rapidly from the mantle and first experienced a purely magmatic fragmentation at depth (≈ 1 km deep). The fragmented pyroclasts underwent a second shallower hydromagmatic, fragmentation where they interacted with liquid water, producing fine ash and building the tuff ring and tuff cone morphologies.
Real clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for renal cell carcinoma in patients over 75 years old.
Authors: Kobayashi Mizuki , Numakura Kazuyuki , Hatakeyama Shingo , Ishida Toshiya , Koizumi Atsushi , Tadachi Kazuki , Igarashi Ryoma , Takayama Koichiro , Muto Yumina , Sekine Yuya , Sobu Ryuta , Sasagawa Hajime , Kashima Soki , Yamamoto Ryohei , Nara Taketoshi , Akashi Hideo , Saito Mitsuru , Narita Shintaro , Ohyama Chikara , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Although nivolumab plus ipilimumab is the standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its efficacy and safety in older patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for metastatic RCC in patients aged ≥ 75 years.
Methods
We enrolled 120 patients with metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab from August 2015 to January 2023. Objective response rates (ORRs) were compared between patients aged < 75 and ≥ 75 years. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were compared between the groups. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1.
Results
Among the patients, 57 and 63 were classified as intermediate and poor risk, respectively, and one could not be classified. The median follow-up duration after the initiation of treatment was 16 months. The patient characteristics between the groups, except for age, were not significantly different. Intergroup differences in ORR (42% vs. 40%; p = 0.818), PFS (HR: 0.820, 95% CI: 0.455–1.479; p = 0.510), and median OS (HR: 1.492, 95% CI: 0.737–3.020; p = 0.267) were not significant. The incidence of adverse events (50% vs. 67%; p = 0.111) and nivolumab plus ipilimumab discontinuation due to adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (14% vs. 13%; p = 0.877).
Conclusions
The effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab was comparable between patients with metastatic RCC aged < 75 and those ≥ 75 years with respect to their ORRs, PFS, OS, and adverse event rates.
Complete chloroplast genomes of 13 plants of sect. Tuberculata Chang (Camellia L.): Genomic features, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Ran Zhaohui , Xiao Xu , Li Zhi , An Mingtai , Yan Chao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Sect. Tuberculata belongs to Camellia, and its members are characterized by a wrinkled pericarp and united filaments. All the plants in this group, which are endemic to China, are highly valuable for exploring the evolution of Camellia and have great potential to be used as a source of oil. However, due to the complex and diverse phenotypes of these species and the difficulty of investigating them in the field, their complex evolutionary history and interspecific definition are largely unclear.
Results
Therefore, we newly sequenced and annotated 12 chloroplast (cp) genomes and retrieved the published cp genome of Camellia anlungensis Chang in sect. Tuberculata. In this study, comparative analysis of the cp genomes of the thirteen sect. Tuberculata species have a typical quadripartite structure characterized by a total sequence length from 156,587 bp to 157,068 bp, including the LSC region (86,212 − 86,732 bp), the SSC region (51,986 − 52,130 bp), and two identical inverted repeat (IR) regions (18,276 − 18,339 bp). A total of 130 to 136 genes specific to the three types were obtained by annotation, including protein-coding genes (coding sequences (CDSs)), tRNA genes, and rRNA genes (87–91, 35–37, and 8, respectively). Simple sequence repeats and interspersed repeats were detected in 69–75 and 27–28, respectively. The total number of codons is 23,045 − 26,557. Comparative analyses revealed six hotspot regions (tRNA-Thr(GGT)-psbD, psbE-petL, ycf15-tRNA-Leu(CAA), ndhF-rpl32, ndhD, and trnL(CAA)-ycf15) in the cp genomes that could serve as potential molecular markers. In addition, the results of the phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the cp genomes showed that the thirteen Sect. Tuberculata species formed a monophyletic group and were divided into two evolutionarily independent clades, confirming the independence of the section.
Conclusions
In summary, we obtained the cp genomes of thirteen plants of sect. Tuberculata and performed the first comparative analysis of this group. These results will help us better identify the plants of this section, deepen our understanding of their genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, and to lay the theoretical foundation for its accurate classification, evolutionary pattern changes, and rational development and utilization in the future.
Thioredoxin-1 decreases alpha-synuclein induced by MPTP through promoting autophagy-lysosome pathway
Authors: Bai Jie , Gu Rou , Bai Liping , Yan Fang , Zhang Se , Zhang Xianwen , Deng Ruhua , Sun Bo , Hu Xiaomei , Zeng Xiansi , Li Ye 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy body. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of Lewy body. Autophagy eliminates damaged organelles and abnormal aggregated proteins. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a redox regulating protein and plays roles in protecting neurons against neurotoxicity induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, the relationship between Trx-1 and α-syn in PD is still unknown. The movement disorder and dopaminergic neurotoxicity in MPTP PD mice were improved by Trx-1 overexpression, whereas were aggravated by Trx-1 knockdown in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in mice. α-syn was increased in MPTP PD mice, which was inhibited by Trx-1 overexpression, whereas was exacerbated in Trx-1 knockdown mice. The autophagosomes were increased by MPTP, which were recovered in Trx-1 overexpressing mice, while were further increased in Trx-1 knockdown in the SNpc in mice under electron microscope. The expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, LC3 II and p62 were induced by MPTP, which were blocked in Trx-1 overexpressing mice, which were further increased in Trx-1 knockdown mice. Cathepsin D was decreased by MPTP, which was restored in Trx-1 overexpressing mice, while was further decreased in Trx-1 knockdown mice. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 green fluorescent dots were increased by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and more green fluorescent dots in Trx-1 siRNA transfection in PC 12 cells, but mRFP-GFP-LC3 red fluorescent dots were increased in Trx-1 overexpressing cells. These results indicate that Trx-1 may eliminate α-syn in PD mice through potentiating autophagy-lysosome pathway.
Detection of Monkeypox virus Using Helicase Dependent Amplification and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Test
Authors: Gulinaizhaer Abudushalamu , Yang Chuankun , Zou Mingyuan , Ma Shuo , Fan Xiaobo , Wu Guoqiu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic DNA virus that belongs to the poxvirus family. Conventional laboratory methods for detecting MPXV are complex and expensive, making them unsuitable for detecting the virus in regions with limited resources. In this study, we using the Helicase dependent amplification (HDA) method and the Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique in combination with the lateral flow test (LFT), together with a self-designed qPCR technique for the detection of the monkeypox virus-specific conserved fragment F3L, to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the three assays. The assay results showed that the detection limits for HDA-LFT and RPA-LFT were ༜ 10 copies/µL and for qPCR ༜ 500 copies/µL. The three methods described above showed good specificity in the detection of monkeypox viruses among their congeners. The simple, highly sensitive, and specific MPXV assay developed in this study is anticipated to provide a solid foundation for future applications in the early screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of the efficacy of MPXV. This is the first time the HDA-LFT assay has been utilized to detect MPXV infection.
Is compensatory thickening of puborectalis associated with severity of uterine prolapse postpartum?
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Liang Weiwei , Zheng Bo , Wu Maonian , Qian Cheng , Li Qiongshan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Uterine prolapse comprises the descent of the uterus into the vaginal canal due to weakened or damaged muscles and connective tissues such as ligaments, dramatically impairing women's quality of life. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between uterine prolapse and relevant factors, specifically measurements data obtained from pelvis Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), as well as parameters derived from surface electromyography (sEMG) of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM).
Methods
In this retrospective study, 264 patients were allocated into one of three cohorts, including the non uterine prolapse group (NP), the mild uterine prolapse group (MP), and the moderate to severe uterine prolapse group (MSP). MRI was performed on all patients, and their puborectalis thickness (PRT) and uterus-pubococcygeal line (U-PCL) were annotated. sEMG recordings were used to capture fast-twitch stage maximum (FM) and slow-twitch stage average (SA). The study compared PRT, myoelectric parameters of pelvic floor muscle (PFM), and modes of delivery across all three sample groups, followed by a correlation analysis.
Results
Statistically significant variations were found in the left and right PRT and the two myoelectric parameters among the three prolapse groups (p<0.01). There was a weak correlation between left and right PRT and U-PCL (rl=0.377, Npl<0.01, rr=0.336, pr<0.01), as well as between the two myoelectric parameters and U-PCL (rf =-0.169, pf<0.01, rs=-0.203, ps<0.01). Differences in prolapse conditions based on distinct modes of delivery were statistically significant (χ2=12.067, p = 0.017).
Conclusion
It has been commonly observed that as the severity of prolapse increases, myoelectric values tend to decrease while the thickness of the puborectalis muscle increases. Uterine prolapse may result in damage to the puborectalis muscle, leading to compensatory thickening as well as a decrease in myoelectric strength of the pelvic floor muscle. Women who underwent painless labor were more likely to experience uterine prolapse.
Features selection in a predictive model for cardiac surgery- associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Shen Jingjia , Li Qian , Chen Yuye , Zhou Chenghui , Shi Jia , Lv Hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is related to increased mobility and mortality. A large number of studies have explored the risk factors of AKI using traditional logistic regression (LR), which requires a generalized linear relationship between covariates and outcome. However, limited studies have explored the influence of different feature selection (FS) methods on the predictive performance of CSA-AKI. Therefore, we aimed to compare the impact of different FS methods for CSA-AKI.
Methods
CSA-AKI is defined according to the kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Both traditional LR and machine learning methods were used to select the potential risk factors for CSA-AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the models. In addition, the importance matrix plot by random forest was used to rank the features' importance.
Results
A total of 1977 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Fuwai Hospital from December 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled. The incidence of CSA-AKI during the first postoperative week was 27.8%. We concluded that different enrolled numbers of features impact the final selected feature number. The more you input, the more likely its output with all FS methods. In terms of performance, all selected features by various FS methods demonstrated excellent AUCs. Meanwhile, the embedded method demonstrated the highest accuracy compared with the LR method, while the filter method showed the lowest accuracy. Furthermore, NT-proBNP was found to be strongly associated with AKI. Our results confirmed some features that previous studies have reported and found some novel clinical parameters.
Conclusions
In our study, FS was as suitable as LR for predicting CSA-AKI. For FS, the embedded method demonstrated better efficacy than the other methods. Furthermore, NT-proBNP was found to be strongly associated with AKI.