bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing compliance of closed fishing season: lessons from small-scale coastal fisheries in the Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Owusu Victor , Adu-Boahen Kofi , Kyeremeh Sender , Demalie Innocent , Eshun Philip 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on marine conservation and its implication for coastal governance and sustainability. The study investigates factors influencing fisherfolk compliance with the temporal fishing bans in Ghana. The purpose is to understand the factors influencing compliance behaviour to help design an improved conservation strategy to achieve management objectives. A mixed-method approach was employed, consisting of 200 household surveys and 17 in-depth interviews with stakeholders at the local, district, regional, and national levels. The results reveal that a combination of instrumental and normative factors influences fisherfolk’s compliance behaviour concerning the closed fishing season. Participation of fisherfolk and coastal communities in the fisheries management decision-making processes positively influenced compliance. The key drivers of non-compliance with the closed season emanate from a perceived lack of ecological effectiveness, lack of enforcement of sanctions, and lack of compensation for loss of income during the ban. The study suggests co-management that includes fisheries agencies and traditional authorities as a viable option for fisheries management and marine conservation initiatives. In addition, the paper recommends the introduction of conservation payment schemes alongside strict monitoring of the temporal ban on fishing.
Radial growth rate of near-critical crystal nuclei in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) in Tammann’s two-stage development method
Authors: Andrianov Ruslan A. , Schmelzer Jürn W. P. , Androsch René , Mukhametzyanov Timur A. , Schick Christoph 
Published: January 2023

The specific features of crystal nucleation widely determine the morphology of the evolving crystalline material. Crystal nucleation is, as a rule, not accessible by direct observation of the nuclei, which develop with time. This limitation is caused by the small size (nanometer scale) of the critical nuclei and the stochastic nature of their formation. We describe an experimental approach to the determination of specific features of the cluster size distribution employing fast scanning calorimetry at scanning rates up to 10 000 K s−1. The surviving cluster fraction is determined by selectively melting/dissolving clusters smaller than the critical size corresponding to the highest temperature of a short spike positioned between the nucleation and the development stage in Tammann’s two-stage method. This approach allows for estimating the time evolution of the radius of the largest detectable clusters in the distribution. Knowing this radius as a function of nucleation time allows for determining a radial growth rate. In the example of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), the order of magnitude estimate of radial growth rates of clusters of about 2–5 nm yields values between 10−5 and 10−3 nm s−1. The radial growth rate of micrometer-sized spherulites is available from optical microscopy. The corresponding values are about three orders of magnitude higher than the values for the nanometer-sized clusters. This difference is explainable by stochastic effects, transient features, and the size dependence of the growth processes on the nanometer scale. The experimental and (order of magnitude) classical nucleation theory estimates agree well.
Trilobite tridents demonstrate sexual combat at 400 Mya
Authors: Gishlick Alan D. , Fortey Richard A. 
Published: January 2023

The Devonian trilobiteWalliseropscarries a remarkable anterior cephalic trident posing a challenge to functional interpretation. A unique teratological specimen ofWalliserops trifurcatusshowing four, rather than three tines, is inconsistent with possible hypotheses connecting the trident to feeding techniques and suggests a sexually selected function. Malformations in a variety of living organisms support this conclusion. Morphometric comparisons to similar structures used for intraspecific combat in dynastine beetles show that the trident occupies a comparable shape space consistent with the hypothesis that it was a sexual combat weapon, the oldest reported example of its kind. This lends further credibility to the idea that some trilobites may have been strongly sexually dimorphic.
Do children help dogs spontaneously?
Authors: Reddy Rachna B. , Echelbarger Margaret , Toomajian Natalie , Hammond Taeah , Wellman Henry M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Two capacities considered foundational in human cooperation are prosocial motivation and goal-reading abilities that enable helping. Children exhibit both proclivities by age 2 in interactions with other humans, but interactions with nonhuman species on whom we have been interdependent for millennia are unstudied. We tested the hypothesis that children’s goal-reading and prosocial propensities extend to other animals. We predicted children would help pet dogs access objects that dogs attempted to reach but could not reach themselves. We studied 97 children between 2 and 3 years of age living in a small mid-western US city, 44 of whom had dogs as household pets. In a quasi-naturalistic setting, we introduced children to 1 of 3 friendly pet dogs who remained within a small, porous enclosure while a treat or toy was placed outside it. Dogs reacted naturally, either showing interest in accessing the item (e.g., pawing, begging) or ignoring it. Measures of dog and child behavior during sessions were coded blindly with high reliability. Children provided dogs with out-of-reach items twice as often when dogs showed interest rather than ignored items, indicating sensitivity to the dog’s goals. Additionally, children were more generally likely to provide dogs with items if children lived with pet dogs, if dogs were more lively and engaged rather than subdued and if the item was a treat rather than a toy. These findings lend support to our hypothesis that children’s early-developing proclivities for goal-reading and prosociality extend beyond humans to other animals.
The impact of hydrogen plasma on the structure and morphology of tin and lead micrometer sized particles
Authors: Shefer D , Nikipelov A , van de Kerkhof M , Marvi Z , Banine V , Beckers J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The stability of micrometer sized particles in hydrogen plasma is essential for extreme ultraviolet lithography, the ITER fusion program and the application of hydrogen plasma etching. We experimentally investigated the morphological evolution of tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and lead (II) oxide (PbO) micrometer sized particles on a surface that is exposed to a low pressure hydrogen plasma. Post exposure particle cross sections obtained by a scanning electron microscope accompanied by a focused ion beam demonstrated a significant influence of hydrogen plasma exposure on both the surface and the bulk material of the particles. Chemical sputtering at the surface and accumulation of pressurized hydrogen bubbles in cavities in the bulk material are the main drivers of the morphological changes. These mechanisms may influence the adhesion of particles to the surface through the introduction of asperities, increase of contact spot area, or fragmentation after the accumulation of mechanical stress.
Research on flame temperature measurement method based on water vapor emission spectrum
Authors: Zhou Gongxi , Li Fei , Lin Xin , Li Renjie , Meng Dongdong , Yu Xilong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Internal temperature monitoring of high-speed propulsion systems is highly important for engine performance evaluation and lifetime prediction. As a passive optical measurement method without the need for an external light source and without flow field interference, the emission spectrum measurement technique has good application prospects for harsh measurement environments. As the main combustion product, high-temperature water vapor shows a strong emission intensity that is highly suitable for temperature measurement applications. We propose use of the band integral ratio to remove the high resolution measurement requirements for the spectrum acquisition system. In addition, the temperatures of methane-oxygen flames with different equivalent ratios are measured successfully under the condition that the influence of self-absorption on the measurements is considered.
Improving discharge performance of space-charge limited hot cathodes via local neutral collisionality
Authors: Yip Chi-Shung , Jin Chenyao , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Xu Guo Sheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effects of neutral gas inlet location to the performance of SCL hot cathodes is investigated. It is found that placing the neutral gas inlet very close (∼5 mm) to the hot cathode can significantly improve the emission characteristics via immersing the hot cathode in a volume of elevated neutral density. Such placement of the neutral gas inlet was found to make no observable effect on global plasma parameters when the discharge conditions are otherwise identical, facilitating the implementation of this measure onto existing plasma devices. Even with only a small part of the hot cathode is immersed in a volume of an elevated neutral density, the improvement of electron emission is found to be very significant. Thus, one can envision a design of a hot cathode assembly with an integrated neutral gas inlet to significantly improve its emission performance. The underlying mechanism of this improvement of hot cathode performance is the reduction of SCL effects, thus applicable to SCL hot cathodes regardless of heating configurations. This will be particularly useful in low pressure applications where a widened range of operable plasma parameters are often desirable.
The anomalous shift of the weak boson mass and the quintessence electroweak axion
Authors: Lin Weikang , Yanagida Tsutomu T , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the simplest ways to account for the observed W-boson mass shift is to introduce the SU(2)
L
triplet Higgs boson with zero hypercharge, whose vacuum expectation value is about 3 GeV. If the triplet is heavy enough at


(
1
)

TeV, it essentially contributes only to T parameter without any conflict with the observation. The presence of a complex triplet Higgs boson raises the SU(2)
L
gauge coupling constant to α
2(M
PL) ≃ 1/44 at the Planck scale. Thanks to this larger gauge coupling constant, we show that the electroweak axion vacuum energy explains the observed cosmological constant provided that the axion field is located near the hill top of the potential at present.
Spectral tracking of proton beams by the Timepix3 detector with GaAs, CdTe and Si sensors
Authors: Novak A. , Granja C. , Sagatova A. , Zach V. , Stursa J. , Oancea C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Position and directional-sensitive spectrometry of energetic charged particles can be performed with high resolution and wide dynamic range (energy, direction) with the hybrid semiconductor pixel detectors Timepix/Timepix3. The choice of semiconductor sensor material, thickness, and properties such as the reverse bias voltage, greatly determine detector sensitivity and resolving power for spectrometry and particle tracking. We investigated and evaluated the spectral tracking resolving power such as deposited energy and linear-energy-transfer (LET) spectra with the Timepix3 detector with different semiconductor sensors, based on GaAs:Cr, CdTe, and Si, using well-defined radiation sources in terms of radiation type (protons), energy, and incident direction to the detector sensor. Measurements of particle incident direction in a wide range were performed with collimated monoenergetic proton beams of various energies in the range 8–31 MeV at the U120-M cyclotron at the NPI CAS Rez near Prague. All detectors were per-pixel calibrated. This work enables to examine and perform a detailed study of charge sharing and charge collection efficiency in semiconductor sensors. The results serve to optimise the detector chip-sensor assembly configuration for measurements especially with high-LET particles in ion radiotherapy and outer space. The work underway includes evaluation of newly refined semi-insulating GaAs sensors and improved radiation hard semiconductor sensors SiC.
Characterisation of the first digital modules with RD53B-CMS readout chips for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Inner Tracker
Authors: Missiroli M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To cope with the challenges posed by the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS experiment will feature a new silicon tracker. The modules of the upgraded inner tracker are hybrid silicon pixel modules based on a new readout chip, developed by the RD53 collaboration. Compared to the readout chip of the current pixel detector, the RD53 chip is capable of sustaining higher hit rates and radiation levels, as well as enabling the use of serial-powering chains. The qualification of the latest version of this chip (RD53B) is underway, and it will lead to the final version of the readout chip to be used in the CMS inner tracker during the HL-LHC. First digital modules featuring the RD53B-CMS chip have been assembled in 2022 (the term digital module denotes a module assembly with readout chips, but without sensors bonded to them). This contribution presents results of tests on these first prototype modules.
Results obtained with FBK pixel sensor prototypes for the HL-LHC tracker upgrade of the CMS experiment
Authors: Bardelli G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The High Luminosity Phase of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will require an extensive upgrade of the CMS Inner Tracking system based on high radiation tolerant silicon pixel sensors capable of withstanding fluences up to 23 × 1015 neq/cm2 (1 MeV equivalent neutrons). Thin planar and 3D pixel sensors have been recently selected by CMS to be installed in the upgraded pixel tracker. Thanks to their structure, the 3D pixel sensors have some advantages with respect to planar ones, and are presently more suitable candidates for the innermost layer of the tracker. In this presentation results obtained with FBK planar and FBK 3D sensors readout by prototype read-out chip RD53A will be shown. Both sensor types have 25 × 100 μm2 pitch and 150 μm thickness, and they were manufactured in collaboration with INFN. The sensors readout by the chip were irradiated to several fluences up to the one foreseen for HL-LHC. The analysis of collected data shows very high hit detection efficiency and good spatial resolution as measured after irradiation.
Optimization of low-noise read-out electronics for high energy resolution X-ray strip detectors
Authors: Zubrzycka W. , Grybos P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Semiconductor strip sensors applied as solid-state radiation or particle detectors can be used in radiation detection and measurement for various applications in particle physics experiments, X-ray imaging (e.g. medical), or material science. The X-ray imaging devices with spectroscopic and position resolution features are a very important research topic at many institutes and companies worldwide. Short strip silicon detectors are good candidates for X-ray spectroscopy, because of their relatively small capacitance and leakage current. If additionally, strip pitch is below 100 μm, then the high spatial resolution is also possible. In this paper, the analysis and noise optimization of the read-out electronics for short silicon strip detectors with Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and shaping amplifier (shaper) is presented. The CSA is optimized for the detector capacitance of around 1.5 pF, and the shaper nominal peaking time is about 1 μs (controlled by the sets of switches). We take into account the sources of noise in a radiation imaging system (current parallel noise, voltage series noise, and 1/f or flicker series noise) both internal (related to the front-end electronics itself) but also external, stemming from a sensor, interconnect, or printed circuit board parasitic components. We target the noise level below 40 el. rms, considering low power consumption (a few mW) and limited channel area.
Architecture and prototype of the CMS Global Level-1 Trigger for Phase-2
Authors: Bortolato G. , Deldicque C. , Gigi D. , Huber B. , Leutgeb E. , Lobanov A. , Rabady D. , Racz A. , Sakulin H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the architecture and current state of prototype firmware of the CMS Level-1 Global Trigger, the final stage of the new Level-1 trigger for Phase-2 of the LHC. Based on high-precision inputs from the muon, calorimeter, track and particle flow triggers, the Global Trigger evaluates O(1000) cut-based and neural-net-based algorithms in a system of up to thirteen Xilinx Ultrascale+ based ATCA processing boards interconnected by 25 Gb/s optical links. In order to optimize the usage of resources, the main algorithms, including the DSP-based calculation of invariant masses, are implemented at 480 MHz.
Electrical performances of pre-production staves for the ATLAS ITk Strip Detector Upgrade
Authors: Capocasa F. , Gutierrez Zagazeta L.F. , Lynn D. , Phillips P.W. , Stucci S.A. , Tricoli A. , Van Nieuwenhuizen G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The ATLAS experiment is currently preparing for an upgrade of the inner tracking detector for the High-Luminosity LHC. The new tracker, ITk, employs an all-silicon detector with outer strip layers. The building block of the ITk strip barrel is the stave which consists of a low-mass support structure hosting the common electrical, optical and cooling services as well as 28 silicon modules. In this contribution, we outline the challenging aspects of the stave pre-production testing phase at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The electrical characterization of these staves, hosting the final design of all ASICs, will be discussed in detail.
Particle flow reconstruction for the CMS Phase-II Level-1 Trigger
Authors: Herwig C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC will include track-finding for the first time in the Level-1 trigger, enabling Particle Flow reconstruction of every event in addition to comprehensive pileup mitigation. The Correlator trigger will reconstruct isolated leptons and photons, hadronic jets, and energy sums, assisted in many cases by machine learning to benefit from the complete particle-level event record. We present the logic of these algorithms, possible implementations using large FPGAs and their demonstration in prototype hardware, in addition to the expected physics performance.
A simulation methodology for verification of transient fault tolerance of ASICs designed for high-energy physics experiments
Authors: Pulli A. , Lupi M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Transient fault tolerance verification is a crucial step in the design of radiation-tolerant ASICs for high-energy physics experiments. In this paper, we discuss a methodical approach toward the verification of transient fault tolerance of ASICs using industry-standard methodologies and tools. The framework for fault verification includes tools for fault enumeration, fault injection, and running fault campaigns. The framework supports fault verification at various levels of design abstraction from high-level register-transfer model to gate-level netlist. The methodology and framework described in this paper were successfully used to identify SEE vulnerabilities in various ASICs designed at CERN.
Lessons learnt from the first vertical slice of the CMS Outer Tracker
Authors: Fedi G. , Fiorendi S. , Holmberg M. , Howard A. , Iles G. , Monk D. , Pesaresi M. , Whalen K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A vertical slice of the CMS Outer Tracker has been tested at the tracker integration facility and at the M2 muon beam facility at CERN. It includes the final prototype of the 2S module with an optical link to the back-end ATCA system. The performance of the system will be described, including cooling limits of racks, robustness of 25 Gbit/s trigger optical links, and readiness of firmware.
Test signal generator for simulating electron events from a momentum microscope
Authors: Bozzini J. , Acremann Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Preparing experiments that utilize free electron lasers is
challenging because obtaining access to the facility is
difficult. The integration of detectors into the data acquisition
system needs to be tested before the beamtime starts. In this study,
we develop a test signal generator that simulates the signals from a
delay-line detector used in a time-of-flight electron
spectrometer. The output signals of the simulator are connected to
the time-to-digital converter electronics and simulate a realistic
energy spectrum of a real spectrometer. Through this method, the
detector electronics can be tested and integrated into the data
acquisition system at the free electron laser before the actual
instrument is available on site. In addition, the saturation
behavior of the signal processing chain can be tested by changing
the number of simulated electrons per pulse.
Climate change shifts the trade-off between lower cooling and higher heating demand from daylight saving time in office buildings
Authors: Eggimann Sven , Mutschler Robin , Orehounig Kristina , Fiorentini Massimo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The original intention of daylight saving time (DST) was to save energy required for artificial lighting. This one-hour shift in working hours, however, also impacts the current and future heating and cooling demand of buildings, which is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, daylight saving time-induced heating and cooling demand of archetype offices across the United States are simulated for 15 cities for different representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate trajectories. DST reduces cooling more than it increases heating. Maximum savings of up to 5.9% for cooling and 4.4% increase in heating were simulated under current climatic conditions, noting that cooling dominates the buildings’ demand during the DST period. Climate change increases future cooling demand, but does not significantly affect the combined (heating and cooling) potential of reducing energy demand when DST is introduced. However, the relative reduction (i.e. decrease in the percentage of total cooling demand) is smaller when considering climate change. The impact of DST on cooling and heating energy demand depends on the geographical location, which determines the amount and temporal pattern of cooling and heating demand. For the considered case studies, introducing DST with climate change generally resulted in overall combined savings with a maximum saving of 3% for Port Angeles, assuming an RCP 4.5 scenario. Policies that shift working hours need to be evaluated considering their impact on building energy demand and it is necessary to establish whether saving cooling or saving heating energy demand can achieve higher CO2 emission reductions.