bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact dual-band dual-linearly polarized waveguide slot array antenna with groove at waveguide bottom
Authors: Gao Jun , Li Tianpeng , Wang Hai , Lei Xue , Wang Kexin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA dual-band dual-linearly polarized waveguide slot array antenna is proposed in this paper. Two orthogonal slots share a short-circuit wall on broad side. The horizontal and vertical slots, which actualize dual-frequency bands and dual-linear polarization, generate vertically polarized electric fields in 9.39–9.78 GHz and horizontally polarized electric fields in 11.62–12.3 GHz, respectively. The equivalent permittivity of the waveguide is changed by two grooves at the bottom of the waveguide, which improves phase velocity. Two grooves can also reduce the distance between the elements while suppressing the side lobes. Compared to filling the medium in the waveguide, two grooves have less losses. Moreover, the antenna is simple with one input port. The array antenna also overcomes the problems of beam scanning compared with the traditional waveguide slot array antenna. A 1 × 8 antenna array is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The horizontal polarization is formed in 9.39–9.78 GHz, the vertical polarization is generated in 11.62–12.3 GHz, and the antenna gain can reach 15 dBi.
BayesTICS: Local temporal image correlation spectroscopy and Bayesian simulation technique for sparse estimation of diffusion in fluorescence imaging
Authors: Caranfil Anca , Le Cunff Yann , Kervrann Charles 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dynamics and fusion of vesicles during the last steps of exocytosis are not well established yet in cell biology. An open issue is the characterization of the diffusion process at the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has been successfully used to analyze the coordination of proteins involved in this mechanism. It enables to capture dynamics of proteins with high frame rate and reasonable signal-to-noise values. Nevertheless, methodological approaches that can analyze and estimate diffusion in local small areas at the scale of a single diffusing spot within cells, are still lacking. To address this issue, we propose a novel correlation-based method for local diffusion estimation. As a starting point, we consider Fick’s second law of diffusion that relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. Then, we derive an explicit parametric model which is further fitted to time-correlation signals computed from regions of interest (ROI) containing individual spots. Our modeling and Bayesian estimation framework are well appropriate to represent isolated diffusion events and are robust to noise, ROI sizes, and localization of spots in ROIs. The performance of BayesTICS is shown on both synthetic and real TIRFM images depicting Transferrin Receptor proteins.
Earlier Ecological Drought Detection by Involving the Interaction of Phenology and Eco‐Physiological Function
Authors: Chang Qing , Ficklin Darren L. , Jiao Wenzhe , Denham Sander O. , Wood Jeffrey D. , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Matamala Roser , Cook David R. , Wang Lixin , Novick Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMeteorological drought indices like the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) are frequently used to diagnose “ecological drought,” despite the fact that they were not explicitly designed for this purpose. More recently developed indices like the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), which is based on the degree of coupling between actual to potential evapotranspiration, may better capture dynamic plant response to moisture limitations. However, the skill of these indices at describing plant water stress is rarely evaluated at sub‐seasonal timescales over which drought evolves. Moreover, it remains unclear how variability in phenological timing impacts and complicates early drought detection. Here, we compared the ability of ESI and SPEI to reflect the dynamics of ecological drought in forests and grasslands, based on anomalies of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), surface conductance (Gs, a proxy for stomatal conductance), soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit. ESI performed better than SPEI in capturing the dynamics of GPP and Gs, but still missed early ecological drought signals due to biases linked to earlier onset of spring leaf development. Thus, we developed a modified variant of the ESI () that accounts for the complicating effects of phenological shifts in leaf area index (LAI). The detected drought onset up to 7–10 weeks earlier than SPEI and ESI. Additionally, drought onset dates determined from are close to (±2 weeks) the dates determined from LAI‐corrected anomalies of Gs, and GPP, as well as the onset dates of soil water deficit and atmospheric aridity.
Characteristics of Isolated and Storm‐Time Ion Injections
Authors: He Zhaohai , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Chen Tao , Duan Suping , Roth Ilan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of isolated and storm‐time injections are important in the understanding of storm‐substorm relationship. The injection region, flux ratio and energy‐flux spectra have been investigated to find the differences and similarities for isolated and storm‐time injections. A scanning procedure automatically identifies a total of 94 isolated injections and 229 storm‐time injections with the LANL data in 2000 and 2001. A significant difference has been found in longitudinal distribution for isolated and storm‐time injections which have wider injection regions than the former. Based on the trends of characteristic energies and number density from spectra analysis, two types of isolated injections have been found. Type I injections are characterized by characteristic energies increasing with the increase of number density, while Type II has an opposite trend. Further statistical surveys suggest that the flux ratios before and after injections have opposite trends in Type I and II injections. Storm‐time injection is very similar to the Type II injection in characteristic energies‐number density trend and features of flux ratio variations. Our results provide injection regions, flux ratios and spectral features, which may improve our understanding of the isolated and storm‐time injections and their relationship.
Effects of Albedo on the MIR Emissivity Spectra of Silicates for Lunar Comparison
Authors: Shirley K. A. , Glotch T. D. , Donaldson O. , Trelewicz J. , Yang Y. , Zhang H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe used laboratory analysis to investigate the effect of mineral albedo, as defined at 750 nm, on the midinfrared emissivity spectra of silicates under lunar environment conditions. Optical darkening has long been recognized as an effect of space weathering on the visible‐to‐near‐infrared spectra of the Moon. However, space weathering has not been as thoroughly investigated in the mid‐infrared. Because mid‐infrared spectra are strongly influenced by the anisothermality of the lunar surface environment, it is likely that any darkening effects of space weathering would also change the thermal gradient in heavily space weathered lunar regolith. To isolate this variable, we added nanophase carbon to particulate samples of forsterite, augite, and anorthite to achieve a range of albedo samples and measured their midinfrared spectra under lunar environment conditions within the Planetary and Asteroid Regolith Spectroscopy Environment Chamber at Stony Brook University. We observe a shift in the Christiansen Feature maximum to longer wavelengths and decreasing spectral contrast with decreasing albedo. These shifts are well correlated with the observation of space weathering effects on the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment compositional data, and point to the need for further investigation into the effects of space weathering on the midinfrared spectra of airless bodies.
Large Ensemble Particle Filter for Spatial Climate Reconstructions Using a Linear Inverse Model
Authors: Jebri B. , Khodri M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProxy records that document the last 2000 years of climate provide evidence for the wide range of the natural climate variability from inter‐annual to secular timescales not captured by the short window of recent direct observations. Assessing climate models ability to reproduce such natural variations is crucial to understand climate sensitivity and impacts of future climate change. Paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA) offers a powerful way to extend the short instrumental period by optimally combining the physics described by General Circulation Climate Models (GCMs) with information from available proxy records while taking into account their uncertainties. Here we present a new PDA approach based on a sequential importance resampling (SIR) Particle filter (PF) that uses Linear Inverse Modeling (LIM) as an emulator of several CMIP‐class GCMs. We examine in a perfect‐model framework the skill of the various LIMs to forecast the dynamics of the surface temperatures and provide spatial field reconstructions over the last millennium in a SIR PF. Our results show that the LIMs allow for skillful ensemble forecasts at 1‐year lead‐time based on GCMs dynamical knowledge with best prediction in the tropics and the North Atlantic. The PDA further provides a set of physically consistent spatial fields allowing robust uncertainty quantification related to climate models biases and proxy spatial sampling. Our results indicate that the LIM yields dynamical memory improving climate variability reconstructions and support the use of the LIM as a GCM‐emulator in real reconstruction to propagate large ensembles of particles at low cost in SIR PF.
An infrared photothermoelectric detector enabled by MXene and PEDOT:PSS composite for noncontact fingertip tracking
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Xie Zhemiao , Lu Guanxuan , Liu Jiayu Alexander , Yeow John T. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotothermoelectric (PTE) detectors functioning on the infrared spectrum show much potential for use in many fields, such as energy harvesting, nondestructive monitoring, and imaging fields. Recent advances in low-dimensional and semiconductor materials research have facilitated new opportunities for PTE detectors to be applied in material and structural design. However, these materials applied in PTE detectors face some challenges, such as unstable properties, high infrared reflection, and miniaturization issues. Herein, we report our fabrication of scalable bias-free PTE detectors based on Ti3C2and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites and characterization of their composite morphology and broadband photoresponse. We also discuss various PTE engineering strategies, including substrate choices, electrode types, deposition methods, and vacuum conditions. Furthermore, we simulate metamaterials using different materials and hole sizes and fabricated a gold metamaterial with a bottom-up configuration by simultaneously combining MXene and polymer, which achieved an infrared photoresponse enhancement. Finally, we demonstrate a fingertip gesture response using the metamaterial-integrated PTE detector. This research proposes numerous implications of MXene and its related composites for wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as the continuous biomedical tracking of human health conditions.
The effect of sex and laterality on the phenotype of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Ferrara Mariantonia , Song Anna , Al-Zubaidy Mohaimen , Avery Peter , Laidlaw D. Alistair , Williamson Tom H. , Yorston David , Steel David H. W. ,   BEAVRS Retinal Detachment Outcomes Group, Babar Atiq , Balaggan Kamaljit Singh , Casswell Anthony G. , Chandra Aman , Charles Stephen , Cochrane Timothy , Crama Niels , Di Simplicio Cherubini Sandro , Ellabban Abdallah A. , Ellis John , van Etten Peter , Figueroa Marta S. , Goldsmith Craig , Hillier Roxane J. , Hughes Edward , Ivanova Tsveta , Jalil Assad , Jenkins Huw , Khan Ashraf , Le Mer Yannick , Meireles Angelina , Morris Andrew H. C. , Newsom Richard , Papastavrou Vasileios T. , Park Jonathan C. , Ramkissoon Yashin D. , Sanchez-Chicharro Diego , Sheard Richard , Smith Jonathan , Cornish Kurt Spiteri , Steel David H. W. , Tanner Vaughan , Vayalambrone Deepak , Winder Stephen , Yorston David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
To assess the effect of sex and laterality on clinical features of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Method
This study is a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected. We extracted data from two online datasets over a 7-year period of patients older than 16 years who had undergone surgery for primary RRD. Data on baseline characteristics were analyzed to compare males versus females, and right versus left eyes.

Results
Of 8133 eyes analyzed, 4342 (53.4%) were right. The overall male predominance (63.7%) was more marked in the age range 50–69 years. Men were more commonly pseudophakic and presented more frequently with baseline posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Female sex was significantly associated with baseline myopia, retinal holes as causative retinal break, and isolated inferior RD. Men had more frequent foveal involvement, greater RRD extent, greater numbers and larger sized retinal tears including dialysis and giant retinal tears. Regarding laterality, foveal involvement, larger retinal breaks, isolated temporal RD and temporal retinal breaks were more common in right eyes, whereas left eyes were more myopic at baseline and presented more frequently with isolated nasal RD and nasal retinal breaks.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the predominance of male sex and right laterality in RRD. Sex and laterality were associated with multiple presenting features of RRD including extent, break distribution, number, size and type, as well as RD distribution.
Analysis of acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer from the AURA3 trial
Authors: Chmielecki Juliann , Mok Tony , Wu Yi-Long , Han Ji-Youn , Ahn Myung-Ju , Ramalingam Suresh S. , John Thomas , Okamoto Isamu , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Shepherd Frances A. , Bulusu Krishna C. , Laus Gianluca , Collins Barbara , Barrett J. Carl , Hartmaier Ryan J. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. This analysis evaluates acquired resistance mechanisms to second-line osimertinib (n = 78) in patients with EGFR T790M advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from AURA3 (NCT02151981), a randomized phase 3 study comparing osimertinib with chemotherapy. Plasma samples collected at baseline and disease progression/treatment discontinuation are analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Half (50%) of patients have undetectable plasma EGFR T790M at disease progression and/or treatment discontinuation. Fifteen patients (19%) have >1 resistance-related genomic alteration; MET amplification (14/78, 18%) and EGFR C797X mutation (14/78, 18%).
Structure and mechanism of a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic TRAP transporter
Authors: Davies James S. , Currie Michael J. , North Rachel A. , Scalise Mariafrancesca , Wright Joshua D. , Copping Jack M. , Remus Daniela M. , Gulati Ashutosh , Morado Dustin R. , Jamieson Sam A. , Newton-Vesty Michael C. , Abeysekera Gayan S. , Ramaswamy Subramanian , Friemann Rosmarie , Wakatsuki Soichi , Allison Jane R. , Indiveri Cesare , Drew David , Mace Peter D. , Dobson Renwick C. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn bacteria and archaea, tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters uptake essential nutrients. TRAP transporters receive their substrates via a secreted soluble substrate-binding protein. How a sodium ion-driven secondary active transporter is strictly coupled to a substrate-binding protein is poorly understood. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the sialic acid TRAP transporter SiaQM from Photobacterium profundum at 2.97 Å resolution. SiaM comprises a “transport” domain and a “scaffold” domain, with the transport domain consisting of helical hairpins as seen in the sodium ion-coupled elevator transporter VcINDY. The SiaQ protein forms intimate contacts with SiaM to extend the size of the scaffold domain, suggesting that TRAP transporters may operate as monomers, rather than the typically observed oligomers for elevator-type transporters. We identify the Na+ and sialic acid binding sites in SiaM and demonstrate a strict dependence on the substrate-binding protein SiaP for uptake. We report the SiaP crystal structure that, together with docking studies, suggest the molecular basis for how sialic acid is delivered to the SiaQM transporter complex. We thus propose a model for substrate transport by TRAP proteins, which we describe herein as an ‘elevator-with-an-operator’ mechanism.
Polyamide membranes with nanoscale ordered structures for fast permeation and highly selective ion-ion separation
Authors: Zhao Changwei , Zhang Yanjun , Jia Yuewen , Li Bojun , Tang Wenjing , Shang Chuning , Mo Rui , Li Pei , Liu Shaomin , Zhang Sui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFast permeation and effective solute-solute separation provide the opportunities for sustainable water treatment, but they are hindered by ineffective membranes. We present here the construction of a nanofiltration membrane with fast permeation, high rejection, and precise Cl-/SO42- separation by spatial and temporal control of interfacial polymerization via graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The g-C3N4 nanosheet binds preferentially with piperazine and tiles the water-hexane interface as revealed by molecular dynamics studies, thus lowering the diffusion rate of PIP by one order of magnitude and restricting its diffusion pathways towards the hexane phase. As a result, membranes with nanoscale ordered hollow structure are created. Transport mechanism across the structure is clarified using computational fluid dynamics simulation. Increased surface area, lower thickness, and a hollow ordered structure are identified as the key contributors to the water permeance of 105 L m2·h−1·bar−1 with a Na2SO4 rejection of 99.4% and a Cl-/SO42- selectivity of 130, which is superior to state-of-the-art NF membranes. Our approach for tuning the membrane microstructure enables the development of ultra-permeability and excellent selectivity for ion-ion separation, water purification, desalination, and organics removal.
Long-term intensive endurance exercise training is associated to reduced markers of cellular senescence in the colon mucosa of older adults
Authors: Demaria Marco , Bertozzi Beatrice , Veronese Nicola , Spelta Francesco , Cava Edda , Tosti Valeria , Piccio Laura , Early Dayna S. , Fontana Luigi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegular endurance exercise training is an effective intervention for the maintenance of metabolic health and the prevention of many age-associated chronic diseases. Several metabolic and inflammatory factors are involved in the health-promoting effects of exercise training, but regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cellular senescence—a state of irreversible growth arrest—is considered a basic mechanism of aging. Senescent cells accumulate over time and promote a variety of age-related pathologies from neurodegenerative disorders to cancer. Whether long-term intensive exercise training affect the accumulation of age-associated cellular senescence is still unclear. Here, we show that the classical senescence markers p16 and IL-6 were markedly higher in the colon mucosa of middle-aged and older overweight adults than in young sedentary individuals, but this upregulation was significantly blunted in age-matched endurance runners. Interestingly, we observe a linear correlation between the level of p16 and the triglycerides to HDL ratio, a marker of colon adenoma risk and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that chronic high-volume high-intensity endurance exercise can play a role in preventing the accumulation of senescent cells in cancer-prone tissues like colon mucosa with age. Future studies are warranted to elucidate if other tissues are also affected, and what are the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the senopreventative effects of different forms of exercise training.
Increasing sequential tropical cyclone hazards along the US East and Gulf coasts
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning , Gori Avantika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo tropical cyclones (TCs) that make landfall close together can induce sequential hazards to coastal areas. Here we investigate the change in sequential TC hazards in the historical and future projected climates. We find that the chance of sequential TC hazards has been increasing over the past several decades at many US locations. Under the high (moderate) emission scenario, the chance of hazards from two TCs impacting the same location within 15 days may substantially increase, with the return period decreasing over the century from 10–92 years to ~1–2 (1–3) years along the US East and Gulf coasts, due to sea-level rise and storm climatology change. Climate change can also cause unprecedented compounding of extreme hazards at the regional level. A Katrina-like TC and a Harvey-like TC impacting the United States within 15 days of each other, which is non-existent in the control simulation for over 1,000 years, is projected to have an annual occurrence probability of more than 1% by the end of the century under the high emission scenario.
scPrisma infers, filters and enhances topological signals in single-cell data using spectral template matching
Authors: Karin Jonathan , Bornfeld Yonathan , Nitzan Mor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering cellular spatiotemporal context. This task is challenging as cells simultaneously encode multiple, potentially cross-interfering, biological signals. Here we propose scPrisma, a spectral computational method that uses topological priors to decouple, enhance and filter different classes of biological processes in single-cell data, such as periodic and linear signals. We apply scPrisma to the analysis of the cell cycle in HeLa cells, circadian rhythm and spatial zonation in liver lobules, diurnal cycle in Chlamydomonas and circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. scPrisma can be used to distinguish mixed cellular populations by specific characteristics such as cell type and uncover regulatory networks and cell–cell interactions specific to predefined biological signals, such as the circadian rhythm. We show scPrisma’s flexibility in incorporating prior knowledge, inference of topologically informative genes and generalization to additional diverse templates and systems. scPrisma can be used as a stand-alone workflow for signal analysis and as a prior step for downstream single-cell analysis.