bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐Trajectories of Higher‐Order Diffusion Properties of Major Brain Metabolites in Cerebral and Cerebellar Gray Matter Using In Vivo Diffusion‐Weighted MR Spectroscopy at 3T
Authors: Şimşek Kadir , Gallea Cécile , Genovese Guglielmo , Lehéricy Stephane , Branzoli Francesca , Palombo Marco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHealthy brain aging involves changes in both brain structure and function, including alterations in cellular composition and microstructure across brain regions. Unlike diffusion‐weighted MRI (dMRI), diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy (dMRS) can assess cell‐type specific microstructural changes, providing indirect information on both cell composition and microstructure through the quantification and interpretation of metabolites' diffusion properties. This work investigates age‐related changes in the higher‐order diffusion properties of total N‐Acetyl‐aspartate (neuronal biomarker), total choline (glial biomarker), and total creatine (both neuronal and glial biomarker) beyond the classical apparent diffusion coefficient in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter of healthy human brain. Twenty‐five subjects were recruited and scanned using a diffusion‐weighted semi‐LASER sequence in two brain regions‐of‐interest (ROI) at 3T: posterior‐cingulate (PCC) and cerebellar cortices. Metabolites' diffusion was characterized by quantifying metrics from both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian signal representations and biophysical models. All studied metabolites exhibited lower apparent diffusivities and higher apparent kurtosis values in the cerebellum compared to the PCC, likely stemming from the higher microstructural complexity of cellular composition in the cerebellum. Multivariate regression analysis (accounting for ROI tissue composition as a covariate) showed slight decrease (or no change) of all metabolites' diffusivities and slight increase of all metabolites' kurtosis with age, none of which statistically significant (p > 0.05). The proposed age‐trajectories provide benchmarks for identifying anomalies in the diffusion properties of major brain metabolites which could be related to pathological mechanisms altering both the brain microstructure and cellular composition.
Epidemiology of diagnostic errors in pediatric emergency departments using electronic triggers
Authors: Mahajan Prashant , White Emily , Shaw Kathy , Parker Sarah J. , Chamberlain James , Ruddy Richard M. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Corboy Jacqueline , Krack Andrew , Ku Brandon , Morrison Ponce Daphne , Payne Asha S. , Freiheit Elizabeth , Horvath Gregor , Kolenic Giselle , Carney Michele , Klekowski Nicole , O'Connell Karen J. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesWe applied three electronic triggers to study frequency and contributory factors of missed opportunities for improving diagnosis (MOIDs) in pediatric emergency departments (EDs): return visits within 10 days resulting in admission (Trigger 1), care escalation within 24 h of ED presentation (Trigger 2), and death within 24 h of ED visit (Trigger 3).MethodsWe created an electronic query and reporting template for the triggers and applied them to electronic health record systems of five pediatric EDs for visits from 2019. Clinician reviewers manually screened identified charts and initially categorized them as “unlikely for MOIDs” or “unable to rule out MOIDs” without a detailed chart review. For the latter category, reviewers performed a detailed chart review using the Revised Safer Dx Instrument to determine the presence of a MOID.ResultsA total of 2937 ED records met trigger criteria (Trigger 1 1996 [68%], Trigger 2 829 [28%], Trigger 3 112 [4%]), of which 2786 (95%) were categorized as unlikely for MOIDs. The Revised Safer Dx Instrument was applied to 151 (5%) records and 76 (50%) had MOIDs. The overall frequency of MOIDs was 2.6% for the entire cohort, 3.0% for Trigger 1, 1.9% for Trigger 2, and 0% for Trigger 3. Brain lesions, infections, or hemorrhage; pneumonias and lung abscess; and appendicitis were the top three missed diagnoses. The majority (54%) of MOIDs cases resulted in patient harm. Contributory factors were related to patient‐provider (52.6%), followed by patient factors (21.1%), system factors (13.2%), and provider factors (10.5%).ConclusionsUsing electronic triggers with selective record review is an effective process to screen for harmful diagnostic errors in EDs: detailed review of 5% of charts revealed MOIDs in half, of which half were harmful to the patient. With further refining, triggers can be used as effective patient safety tools to monitor diagnostic quality.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome presentations to emergency departments in the United States from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chien Nicholas , Moyer Eric , Bernard Kyle , Peksa Gary D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common condition prompting emergency department (ED) presentation. However, there are limited recent, large‐scale, robust data available on the incidence, admission, and medical treatment of AWS in the ED.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of ED presentations for AWS from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2023, using Epic Cosmos. All ED visits with ICD‐10 codes corresponding to AWS were included. Outcomes included percentage of total ED visits, percentage admitted, length of stay (LOS), and medications administered. Binary logistic regression models were used to measure the relationship between time and dependent variables and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOut of 242,804,798 ED encounters, 670,430 (0.28%) visits were due to AWS with a rise over time (OR 1.074, 95% CI 1.072–1.075). Of these, 386,618 (57.7%) were admitted (46.2% inpatient floor, 11.5% ICU). Median (IQR) hospital LOS was 3 (2–5) days and median (IQR) ICU LOS was 2 (1–4) days. Among all ED patients, benzodiazepine use declined over time (84.9% to 77.1%; OR 0.917, 95% CI 0.914–0.920), while phenobarbital (4.0% to 21.2%; OR 1.255, 95% CI 1.250–1.259) and gabapentin (11.0% to 16.3%; OR 1.054, 95% CI 1.050–1.057) use increased. Oral and intravenous (IV) benzodiazepines were common (63.1% and 66.6%, respectively). Among IV benzodiazepines, lorazepam was most common (59.9%). Among those discharged from the ED, 29.0% were prescribed benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide 21.1%, lorazepam 5.5%, diazepam 1.9%). Anticraving medications, such as gabapentin (1.5%), naltrexone (0.4%), and acamprosate (<0.1%) were uncommon, but rising over time.ConclusionsAWS represents a common reason for ED presentation, with most patients being admitted. We identified a rising incidence with a shift in management to include agents such as phenobarbital and gabapentin. These findings provide important evidence on current trends in AWS to inform health policy and knowledge translation efforts as well as emphasizing the need for ongoing research and evaluation of clinical practices to optimize outcomes for patients with AWS.
The effectiveness of a drink‐counting and a breathalyser‐coupled smartphone application for reduced heavy drinking among alcohol‐dependent adults in Sweden: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Östh Josefine , Lundin Andreas , Wennberg Peter , Andréasson Sven , Danielsson Anna‐Karin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsStudies using smartphone apps in treatment for alcohol dependence are lacking. This study aimed to test the consumption‐reducing effects of using two app‐based alcohol interventions as complement to treatment as usual (TAU).DesignThree‐armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial.SettingSpecialised outpatient clinic within the Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.Participants162 alcohol‐dependent adults (46% female), with no social problems or mental disorders, who had no other drug use, were included. Mean age was 50 years, and the majority were highly educated, employed and had not previously received any alcohol treatment.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to (1) TAU+drink‐counting app (Glasklart, n = 52), (2) TAU+app‐coupled breathalyser (iBAC Pro, n = 58) or (3) TAU only (n = 52). TAU included four sessions of clinician‐led psychological treatment based on motivational interviewing/cognitive behavioural therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy when requested, for 12 weeks.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was past 4‐week heavy drinking days (HDD) at 26 weeks post‐randomisation, adjusted for baseline HDD, and assessed by structured interviews using Timeline Followback. Secondary outcomes included weekly consumption, consumption patterns, phosphatidylethanol and dependence at 12 and 26 weeks. Analyses compared TAU+drink‐counting app and TAU+breathalyser each with TAU alone.FindingsAt 26 weeks, participants with TAU+breathalyser had statistically significantly lower HDD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 0.91] compared with those with TAU alone. There was no evidence of any effects on HDD for those with TAU+drink‐counting app, compared with TAU alone (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.25) or of any other effects.ConclusionsIn Sweden, treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence combined with a smartphone application coupled with a breathalyser was more effective than TAU alone in reducing self‐reported heavy drinking. There was no evidence that TAU combined with a smartphone application for drink‐counting was more effective than TAU alone.
Association between iron deficiency and fertility
Authors: Tulenheimo‐Silfvast Annika , Ruokolainen‐Pursiainen Lasse , Simberg Niklas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionThis retrospective, observational cohort study investigated the association between treatment of iron deficiency with conception results and pregnancy outcomes in women with infertility and iron deficiency, before and after intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion.Material and MethodsData were collected from electronic health records from the Dextra Fertility Clinic (Helsinki, Finland) between 2015 and 2020. The cohort included 292 women (<43 years) with infertility and iron deficiency (s‐ferritin ≤30 μg/L), treated with a ferric carboxymaltose infusion (Ferinject®, 500 mg i.v.). The main outcomes were live birth and miscarriage rates before and after treatment of iron deficiency. The main explanatory variable studied was the administered iron infusion.ResultsMean s‐ferritin levels increased from 16.2 ± 7.0 μg/L before to 81.5 ± 49.8 μg/L after iron infusion. The proportion of patients who conceived increased from 65% before to 77% after treatment of iron deficiency (p < 0.001). Of the study population, 28% of patients experienced miscarriages and 26% gave a live birth before iron infusion, and 13% and 51% after treatment of iron deficiency (p < 0.001). In the model adjusted for age, use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, and repeated iron infusions, treatment of iron deficiency with iron infusion was associated with a higher live birth rate (OR = 3.19; 95% CI = 2.21–4.66; p < 0.001). In the model adjusted for age, reason for infertility, and total number of pregnancies, treatment of iron deficiency was associated with lower miscarriage rates (OR = 0.32; 95% Cl = 0.20–0.52; p < 0.001).ConclusionsFilling of depleted iron stores was positively associated with conception results (higher number of pregnancies) and pregnancy outcomes (higher live birth rates and lower miscarriage rates), regardless of the assisted reproductive technology method used. Screening of iron status seems to be important in patients seeking help for infertility problems.
Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Meyer Antoine , Chan Simon S. M. , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Dahm Christina C. , Katzke Verena A. , Schulze Matthias B. , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Oldenburg Bas , Guevara Marcela , Bujanda Luis , Cabrera Castro Natalia A. , Tong Tammy Y. N. , Heath Alicia K. , Deschasaux‐Tanguy Mélanie , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Severi Gianluca , Carbonnel Franck , Amiot Aurélien 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssociation between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.AimTo investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.MethodsWe used validated food frequency questionnaires collected at baseline to compute ISD scores. We estimated the association between ISD score and risks of CD and UC risks using Cox models stratified by centre, sex and age. We adjusted for smoking status, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, educational level and alcohol intake.ResultsWe included 394,255 individuals including 184 incident cases of CD and 459 of UC after median follow‐up of 13.6 years (4,889,910 person‐years). High ISD scores were associated with a higher risk of CD (fourth vs. first quartile‐adjusted HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.14–3.10; p‐trend < 0.01) but not of UC (adjusted HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63–1.15; p‐trend 0.21). For CD, this association was mainly observed for women (adjusted HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.17–3.91; p‐trend < 0.01). On subgroup analyses, those differences were mainly driven by low intakes of fibre, mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, magnesium, onion and alcohol.ConclusionsA high ISD score is associated with a higher risk of developing CD but not UC. These results should be taken into account in high‐risk populations.
Importance of transgender nuances in research and advocacy: Reply to Morgenroth (2025) and Tate (2025)
Authors: Jackson Emma F. , Bussey Kay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn their responses to our paper ‘Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a “true” gender?’ (The British Journal of Psychology, 2024, 115, 723), Tate (2025) and Morgenroth (2025) provide reflections on the importance of nuance when researching gender and in transgender advocacy. In this reply, I note where this paper is situated in the literature and engage in a discussion of the role of definitions in transgender advocacy. Over‐reliance on an individual's true gender when evaluating transgender people's legitimacy may exclude individuals whose gender is not understandable as ‘true’ to a cisgender majority. I suggest that a broad definition of transgender can allow legitimization to arise from transgender identification and gender self‐categorization alongside broader experiences of body and gender.
Multiple Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitor Tinengotinib (TT‐00420) Alone or With Chemotherapy Inhibit the Growth of SCLC
Authors: Li Hui , Tang Chenchen , Zhao Peiyan , Zhong Rui , Lu Yuanhua , Liu Yan , Li Rixin , Lan Shaowei , Wu Chunjiao , Qiang Xiaoyan , Peng Peng , Wu Frank , Cheng Ying , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is an urgent need to develop new targeted treatment agents for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tinengotinib (TT‐00420) is a novel, multi‐targeted, and spectrally selective small‐molecule kinase inhibitor that has shown significant inhibitory effects on certain solid tumors in preclinical studies. However, its role and mechanism of action in SCLC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that tinengotinib effectively inhibited SCLC cell proliferation, especially highly expressing NeuroD1 (SCLC‐N), in the SCLC cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) model and the malignant pleural effusion cell model of patients with SCLC. When combined with etoposide/cisplatin, it synergistically inhibited SCLC growth. Tinengotinib regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, cell cycle and angiogenesis in SCLC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that c‐Myc expression may be a key factor influencing the effect of tinengotinib in SCLC‐N. This study provides reliable preclinical data and a new direction for tinengotinib as a promising therapy for SCLC, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
‘Being Real’ and ‘Being Boundaried’: A Qualitative Study of Practitioners' Provision of Authentic Care in a Service for Young Care Leavers
Authors: Marshall Hannah , Harvey Joel , Lanskey Caroline 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores experiences of authentic care among practitioners and young people at The House Project, an organization supporting young people leaving care in the United Kingdom. We conducted observations, interviews and focus groups with a total of 41 practitioners and 37 young people in multiple local projects over the course of 2 years. The study offers three main findings. First, practitioners and young people place significant value on relationships of authentic care and perceive these as characterized by mutual self‐disclosure, genuine emotional investment and practitioners' willingness to ‘go above and beyond’ in their work. Second, the provision of authentic care in a professional setting is subject to several challenges for practitioners: managing the heightened emotional impact of caring authentically for young people, maintaining balance and boundaries between work and home lives and navigating career transitions. Third, practitioners responded to these challenges through what we call ‘flexible boundary setting’ and by cultivating networks of support. Further research is needed to determine how to best support staff in the provision of authentic care.
Care pathway for patients hospitalized with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Mahé Isabelle , Skaff Yara , Helfer Hélène , Benarroch Samuel , Happe Florent , Remaki Adam , Sallah Kankoe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a potentially fatal disease with a multifactorial nature, impacting different medical and surgical specialties. Recently, new guidelines and direct oral anticoagulants facilitated early discharge for most DVT patients and non‐severe PE patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to illustrate the distribution of VTE patients throughout the hospital and map their care pathway from Emergency Department (ED) to hospital discharge.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cross‐sectional study included all hospitalized patients with a VTE code from 39 hospitals between 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using JupyterLab, with subgroup analyses based on mode of entry, diagnosis location and thrombosis site.ResultsA total of 23,199 hospitalizations were analysed, involving 17,718 patients a median age 66 years [52–78] and man‐to‐women ratio 1.05. Among these, 10,747(46.3%) had PE and 4176(18.0%) had lower limb DVT. The ED was the primary entry point for 31.2% of cases, followed by gastroenterology, surgery, geriatrics, and internal medicine. Patients admitted through ED patients were most frequently transferred to internal medicine, cardiovascular and intensive care units (ICU). The median hospital stay was 9 days [4–21], with ICU stays being the longest (mean 15 days [8–27]). Notably, 1357 patients (18.8%) of VTE patients were discharged within 48 h of ED admission.ConclusionsThis study is the first to portray the distribution and care pathways of VTE patients across hospital departments. Despite recent clinical guidelines, many patients still require inpatient management, highlighting the need for dedicated care pathway.
Seizure outcomes after resection of temporal encephalocele in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khoudari Hamza , Alabbas Mohammad , Tobochnik Steven , Burneo Jorge , Cox Benjamin , Lemus Hernan Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTemporal encephaloceles (TEs) are seen in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE); yet they are also common incidental findings. Variability in institutional pre‐surgical epilepsy practices and interpretation of epileptogenic network localization contributes to bias in existing epilepsy cohorts with TE, and therefore the relevance of TE in DRE remains controversial. We sought to estimate effect sizes and sample sizes necessary to demonstrate clinically relevant improvements in seizure outcome with different surgical approaches.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane to identify studies reporting the outcomes of epilepsy surgery after 12 months in patients with DRE and TE. The main outcome was seizure freedom or favorable seizure outcome. We also assessed the rates of seizure freedom among patients with DRE, TE, and the following covariables: use of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), side of the encephalocele, sex, and type of surgical resection (anterior temporal lobectomy [ATL] vs lesionectomy). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate the proportion of patients attaining seizure outcomes.ResultsWe identified 332 studies, of which 15 (282 patients) met inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. Seizure‐freedom rate was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53–76), whereas the favorable outcome rate was 78% (95% CI 70–85). There was no significant interstudy heterogeneity. Patients with TE undergoing iEEG (risk ratio [RR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.87) had a lower chance of a favorable seizure outcome. A power analysis estimated a sample size of 28 932 patients with TE (13 764 with ATL) necessary to determine a significant difference in seizure freedom between limited resection and ATL.SignificanceRetrospective cohort studies demonstrate good outcomes after TE resection regardless of the extent of resection. Prohibitively large sample sizes necessary to observe outcome differences between surgical approaches and presurgical predictors indicate that improved biomarkers and mechanistic understanding of TE epileptogenicity are needed.
Tremor as an intrinsic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Giugno Alessia , Fortunato Francesco , Sammarra Ilaria , Sturniolo Miriam , Fratto Enrico , Martino Iolanda , Nisticò Rita , Gambardella Antonio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe aim to understand whether tremor may be an intrinsic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and whether individuals with JME plus tremor experience a different disease course. Thirty‐one individuals with JME plus tremor (17 females, mean age = 33.9 ± 13.8 years) and 30 age of onset‐ and gender‐matched subjects with JME (21 females, mean age = 26.8 ± 11.2 years) prospectively underwent clinical and neurophysiologic assessment, including tremor assessment and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). All JME plus tremor subjects experienced postural and action tremor affecting bilateral upper limbs. Nine of 31 individuals (29%) with tremor were never exposed to valproate (VPA), and 14 of 31 (45.2%) were not using VPA at the time of clinical evaluation. Twelve of 31 (38.7%) patients with JME plus tremor were drug‐resistant compared to four of 30 (13.3%) with JME (p = .024). The JME plus tremor subjects had higher numbers of previous childhood absence epilepsy (n = 6/31 [19.4%]), interictal epileptiform discharges (n = 30/31 [96.8%]), photosensitivity (n = 8/31 [25.8%]), and psychiatric comorbidities (n = 12/31 [38.7%]). Six of 31 (19.4%) individuals with JME plus tremor had giant SEPs (1/30, 3.3% with JME; p = .05, chi‐squared test). The clinical features and decreased sensorimotor inhibition in the JME plus tremor group suggest that tremor might be a marker of disease severity rather than an epiphenomenon of VPA exposure.