bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric validation and testing of the 10-item pediatric daily chest-related electronic patient reported outcome (ePRO) diary
Authors: Arbuckle Rob , Shea Tim , Burrows Kate , Marshall Chris , Trigg Andrew , Stein Julia , Albrecht Helmut H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
The chest-related electronic patient reported outcome (ePRO) diary was recently developed to assess chest-related symptoms experienced by pediatric and adolescent populations during upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). The objective of this research was the psychometric evaluation of the chest-related ePRO diary in pediatric, adolescent and adult participants.

Methods
This non-interventional, psychometric validation study involved participants (N = 195; n = 42 6–8 years; n = 47 9–11 years; n = 55 12–17 years, n = 51 18+ years) completing the chest-related ePRO diary twice daily for 10 days while experiencing an acute URTI. Preliminary item-level performance and dimensionality results, along with consideration of previous qualitative findings, were used to inform item reduction decisions, the structure of the measure and scoring algorithm development. Subsequent analyses on the finalized measure included assessments of reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct validity (convergent validity and known groups validity) and ability to detect change. Comparisons of findings were made between the different age groups as part of the analyses to assess the psychometric properties of the chest-related ePRO diary and to characterize potential differences in the symptom experience of children, adolescents, and adults.

Results
The measure demonstrated strong quality of completion and showed relatively similar trajectories of symptom scores over time within different age subgroups and good item response distribution properties. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution in the total population and within age subgroups, and test-retest reliability of the measure was strong (Intra-class correlation: 0.843–0.894 between Visit 1 and Day 1). The measure also demonstrated strong construct validity through high correlations with relevant items on the Child Cold Symptom Questionnaire (CCSQ), strong known groups validity (with statistically significant differences between severity groups) and was responsive to change over time with change groups defined based on change on global items.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that the chest-related ePRO diary provides a valid, reliable, responsive measure of chest congestion symptoms experienced with the common cold in pediatric and adolescent populations, and that only minor differences are present in the disease trajectory when comparing adults to younger participants, supporting the use of the measure in interventional studies.
Value of incentive spirometry in routine management of COPD patients and its effect on diaphragmatic function
Authors: El-Koa Amal A. , Eid Hanaa A. , Abd Elrahman Shrief R. , El Kalashy Mai M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncentive spirometry (IS) is mostly used postoperatively to avoid pulmonary complications, but its effect on COPD patients and its effect on diaphragmatic functions are still not fully studied. The current study aimed to evaluate the value of IS on arterial blood gases, mMRC dyspnea scale, spirometry, and diaphragmatic functions by ultrasound in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation.Methods and patientsForty patients (37 males, 3 females) were admitted for COPD exacerbations and divided randomly into 2 groups: Group1 (G1) =20 patients (mean age 60.7±5.99) used incentive spirometry (IS) for 2 months with medical treatment. Group 2 as a control group (G2) = 20 patients (mean age 60.3±6.44) were given medical treatment only. ABG, spirometry, mMRC dyspnea scale, and diaphragmatic ultrasound functions were assessed on admission and after 2 months of treatment in the groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between G1 and G2 after 2 months regarding PaCO2, FEV1/FVC (p=0.001 and 0.042, respectively), and Lt diaphragmatic excursion and diaphragm thickness ratio. There was a statistically significant increase in results of PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and all diaphragmatic findings in group I before and after 2 months of IS but no difference in FVC and mMRC dyspnea scale.ConclusionIncentive spirometry in COPD patients seems to improve ABG, and spirometry functions together with improving diaphragmatic functions.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT05679609. Retrospectively egistered on 10 January 2023
Mechanism to induce geometric constriction on kinks and domain walls
Authors: Balseyro Sebastian A. J. , Bazeia D. , Marques M. A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate scalar field theories in the multifield scenario, focusing mainly on the possibility to smoothly build internal structure and asymmetry for kinks and domain walls. The procedure requires the inclusion of an extra field which is associated to a function that modifies the dynamics of the other fields. We investigate minimum energy configurations, which support first order equations compatible with the equations of motion. The extra field allows a transition which is guided by a parameter that connects the standard solution to another one, geometrically constrained, mimicking the effects of geometrical constrictions in magnetic materials.
“In Place of Horses”: Indigenous Burdeners and the Politics of the Early American South
Authors: Dixon Brad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcross the early Americas, goods traveled long-distance on the backs of Indigenous porters. Related to issues of rank, status, and gender, “burdening” proved especially contentious in the North American Southeast, where Natives increasingly viewed long-distance cargo-carrying as a dangerous and degrading occupation that implied subservience to European colonizers. Indigenous cargo-carrying persisted in Spanish Florida and English Carolina, despite regulation and periodic efforts to improve transportation, taking a heavy toll from Native peoples. Eventually, technological changes reduced but did not eliminate burdening from colonial logistics—but only after Natives exerted immense political pressure through flight, war, and threats of trade embargoes.
Shamans in the Colonial Frontier Zone: Spirit Mastery in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Corr Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to advance our knowledge of past shamanic practices in northwestern South America through an analysis of colonial-era criminal cases of people accused of using “superstitious” healing practices. A reading of three cases from late eighteenth-century Ecuador (the colonial Audiencia of Quito) reveals details of the techniques that these healers were using. Shamans attempted to control spirits through various means, including battles, esoteric chants, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, stones, and the fangs of predatory animals. The records indicate that on Ecuador’s coast, healers practiced a type of frontier-zone shamanism in which people of different ethnoracial and cultural backgrounds engaged in shamanic practices. The research expands existing studies of the historical exchanges of shamanic knowledge, practices, and sacred objects in colonial and modern frontier zones by contributing with a regional focus on the Pacific coast of Ecuador.
The Border at Work: Undocumented Workers, the ILGWU in Los Angeles, and the Limits of Labor Citizenship
Authors: Higbie Tobias , Rivera-Salgado Gaspar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2000, the AFL-CIO officially embraced the call for amnesty for undocumented immigrant workers, reversing long-standing policy in favor of greater restriction and border enforcement. The roots of this new approach stretched back to the 1970s, when the growing presence of undocumented workers in the industrial workforce challenged organized labor's nationalist orthodoxy. Taking the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) in Los Angeles as a case study, we show how one union confronted new demographic and organizing realities and recognized the demand for unionization among new immigrants. Radical community organizers, legal advocates, and union organizing staff created a practice of labor citizenship, the recognition of the immigrants’ right to remain by virtue the demand for their labor. The promise of belonging through organizing and collective bargaining was limited by state power and the structural weakness of organized labor in the emerging neoliberal economy. Nevertheless, ILGWU campaigns trained a cohort of organizers that would become central to the union upsurge in Los Angeles during the 1990s.
The Sovereign, the Survivor, the Last Man
Authors: Nichanian Marc , Gerard Philip 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The sovereignty that Georges Bataille wanted to implement and to theorize obeys a strange logic. He tried twice: first in 1942, next in the impossible book that was meant to serve as the final volume of his second, projected summa, The Accursed Share. Sovereignty implies an experience, but the experience it implies is one that cannot bear witness to itself. Sovereignty must leave an institutional record; at the same time, sovereignty calls for apocalyptic thinking. In each case, sovereignty can only pronounce itself through a “catastrophe,” and, likewise in each case, sovereignty is obliged to summon the figure of the “last man.” This logic needs to be reconstructed. We need to go back to where Bataille left off. We must understand the terrible obstacle that he ran into along the way. Bataille was on the brink of entering virgin territory, that of the survivor. And, because Bataille stopped precisely where he proposed to write about Franz Kafka, the present article announces and introduces an attempt to situate Kafka in the (European) history of sovereignty.
Cisternal Score: A Radiographic Score to Predict Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Requirement in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Meyer Aiden , Forman Elyse , Moody Scott , Stretz Christoph , Potter Nicholas S. , Subramaniam Thanujaa , Top Ilayda , Wendell Linda C. , Thompson Bradford B. , Reznik Michael E. , Furie Karen L. , Mahta Ali 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Persistent hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) can complicate the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Identification of high-risk patients may guide external ventricular drain management.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify early radiographic predictors for persistent hydrocephalus requiring VPS placement.

METHODS:
In a 2-center retrospective study, we compared radiographic features on admission noncontrast head computed tomography scans of patients with aSAH requiring a VPS to those who did not, at 2 referral academic centers from 2016 through 2021. We quantified blood clot thickness in the basal cisterns including interpeduncular, ambient, crural, prepontine, interhemispheric cisterns, and bilateral Sylvian fissures. We then created the cisternal score (CISCO) using features that were significantly different between groups.

RESULTS:
We included 229 survivors (mean age 55.6 years [SD 13.1]; 63% female) of whom 50 (22%) required VPS. CISCO was greater in patients who required a VPS than those who did not (median 4, IQR 3-6 vs 2, IQR 1-4; P < .001). Higher CISCO was associated with higher odds of developing persistent hydrocephalus with VPS requirement (odds ratio 1.6 per point increase, 95% CI 1.34-1.9; P < .001), independent of age, Hunt and Hess grades, and modified GRAEB scores. CISCO had higher accuracy in predicting VPS requirement (area under the curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.82) compared with other predictors present on admission.

CONCLUSION:
Cisternal blood clot quantification on admission noncontrast head computed tomography scan is feasible and can be used in predicting persistent hydrocephalus with VPS requirement in patients with aSAH. Future prospective studies are recommended to further validate this tool.
Increased cysteine metabolism in PINK1 models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Travaglio Marco , Michopoulos Filippos , Yu Yizhou , Popovic Rebeka , Foster Edmund , Coen Muireann , Martins L. Miguel 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease (PD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of PD, and mutations in PINK1, a gene necessary for mitochondrial fitness, cause PD. Drosophila melanogaster flies with pink1 mutations exhibit mitochondrial defects and dopaminergic cell loss and are used as a PD model. To gain an integrated view of the cellular changes caused by defects in the PINK1 pathway of mitochondrial quality control, we combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis in pink1-mutant flies with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) with a PINK1 mutation. We observed alterations in cysteine metabolism in both the fly and human PD models. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the NPCs resulted in changes in several metabolites that are linked to cysteine synthesis and increased glutathione levels. We conclude that alterations in cysteine metabolism may compensate for increased oxidative stress in PD, revealing a unifying mechanism of early-stage PD pathology that may be targeted for drug development.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Impact of mood disorders and personality disorders on suicide intent among self-harm patients
Authors: Yaqoob Naila , Ahsan Sadaf 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The present research examined the impact of mood disorder and personality disorders on suicide intent among self-harm patients using cross sectional research design.
Methods: A clinical sample of 220 self-harm inpatients with age of 18 to 35 years was collected through purposive sampling technique from different mental health departments of Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Multan hospitals. Study was conducted from June 2019 till November, 2021. Data was compiled in three steps. In step-I, rapport was established with patients and identification of intent was carried out by administering Beck Suicide Intent Scale. In step-II, mental illness was identified by administering Mood Disorder Questionnaire, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and subscale of Depression from Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. In step-III, in order to confirm his / her responses and diagnosis, a detailed semi-structured clinical interview was carried out with each participant who responded positively to Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire.
Results: Results revealed that bipolar spectrum disorder, depression and antisocial personality disorder were significantly positive predictors of suicide intent among self-harm patients. On the other hand, narcissistic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder were found to be significantly negative predictors of suicide intent among self-harm patients.
Conclusion: Results of current research highlighted those predisposing factors that discriminate self-harm from attempted suicide. The study has important implications for identification of intent of self-harm patients, which could help in devising a proper treatment plan for the management of such challenging patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6140
How to cite this: Yaqoob N, Ahsan S. Impact of mood disorders and personality disorders on suicide intent among self-harm patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6140
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Zinc-alpha 2 glycoprotein a diagnostic Biomarker for early stage oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Feroz Ali Dr. Mehwish , Hosein Dr. Mervyn , Butt Dr. Saima , Siddiqui Dr. Rehan 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the expression of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. Additionally, ascertained its association to the oral cancer stage and subscale parameters (TNM).
Methods: This observational study was conducted at Ziauddin University from January to December 2020. Using the Open-Epi software, the sample size of 120 oral squamous cell carcinomas was calculated at 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee. Histologically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were obtained from the Histopathology Department of Ziauddin University, Karachi. Study data was analyzed through SPSS version-20 and p-value ≤0.05 considered as significant. One-way ANOVA and Multiple linear regression were applied for analysis of data.
Results: In the study, none of the oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples from the later stages were stained for ZAG. However 71% (35/49) of the early stage OSCC samples showed positive IHC results for ZAG expression in the cytoplasm. One-way ANOVA indicates that high ZAG expression was significantly associated with smaller tumor size (p<0.001), lymph node involvement (p=0.002), early stages of OSCC (p<0.001) and less differentiated tumor (p=0.001). The site of the tumor was also significantly associated with ZAG staining (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein expressed in the early stages of oral cancer development so that effective treatment modalities can be planned as per the patient’s status. This may also assist a clinician to achieve tumor-free surgical margins and monitor the post treatment outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6488
How to cite this: Ali MF, Hosein M, Butt S, Siddiqui R. Zinc-alpha 2 glycoprotein a diagnostic Biomarker for early stage oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6488
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pachydermodactyly, mimicker of rheumatoid hands, presents in a patient with Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Tariq Halla , Ihsan Aroosha , Khan Dr Asadullah , Shamim Roshila 
Published: January 2023

Pachydermodactyly (PDD) is a rare benign condition characterized by painless soft tissue swelling of small joints of hands. The most common presentation is bilateral Symmetrical swelling of proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint similar to Rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of this disease is unknown, and it sometimes can coexist with other diseases. We present here a case of PDD coexisting with Tuberous Sclerosis, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by of formation of multiple benign multisystem tumors.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6631
How to cite this: Tariq H, Ihsan A, Khan A, Shamim R. Pachydermodactyly, mimicker of rheumatoid hands, presents in a patient with Tuberous Sclerosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6631
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Depression and the risk factors for isolated infectious disease fever patients in the hospital during the COVID-19
Authors: Jin Guohui , Li Lei , Liu Jing , Baoyan Wang , Zhan Bo 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To compare and analyze the incidence of anxiety and depression of infectious disease fever patients in hospitalized isolation and home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the risk factors for the negative emotions of hospitalized isolation patients.
Methods: Forty isolated infectious disease fever patients in Baoding No.1 Hospital were randomly selected as the study group, and the other 40 isolated infectious disease fever patients at home were randomly selected as the control group from March 2020 to August 2020. The scores and prevalence of depression and anxiety between the two groups were compared and analyzed. The logistic regression analysis was used to judge and analyze the negative psychological factors of hospitalized isolation patients such as depression and anxiety.
Results: The HAMA and HAMD-17 scores of study group are significantly higher than those of control group (HAMA, p=0.00; HAMD-17, p=0.01). The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.03, p=0.04). The gender (p=0.002), economic status (p=0.004) and isolation attitude (p=0.023) are the related factors of anxiety, among which economic status is the protective factor, while women and resistant attitude are the risk factors. Economic status (p=0.003) and isolation attitude (p=0.001) are the related factors of depression, among which economic status is the protective factor, and resistant attitude is the risk factor.
Conclusion: The prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression in hospitalized isolation patients due to infectious disease fever are significantly higher than those of home isolation patients. The focus groups are women, with bad economic status and poor isolation attitude. Necessary psychological counseling and social support should be provided to these groups to reduce negative emotions and increase the experience of isolated patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6902
How to cite this: Jin G, Li L, Liu J, Wang B, Zhan B. Depression and the risk factors for isolated infectious disease fever patients in the hospital during the COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6902
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.