bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Characterization of Drug/Amino Acid Interactions by Energy Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Ruano Lorena , Mandado Marcos , Nogueira Juan J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The computational study of drug/protein interactions is fundamental to understand the mode of action of drugs and design new ones. In this study, we have developed a python code aimed at characterizing the nature of drug/amino acids interactions in an accurate and automatic way. Specifically, the code is interfaced with different software packages to compute the interaction energy quantum mechanically, and obtain its different contributions, namely, Pauli repulsion, electrostatic and polarisation terms, by an energy decomposition analysis based on one-electron and two-electron deformation densities. The code was tested by investigating the nature of the interaction between the glycine amino acid and 250 drugs. An energy-structure relationship analysis reveals that the strength of the electrostatic and polarisation contributions is related with the presence of small and large size heteroatoms, respectively, in the structure of the drug.
The efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery: a protocol for systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Li Qiujiang , YangMasood Umar , Zhang Zhuang , Feng Ganjun , Yang Huiliang , Song Yueming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
As hemostasis is a complex process that bleeding can be difficult to control, higher requirements are needed for spinal surgeons in intraoperative hemostasis. Floseal and Surgiflo are two common thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents. Nevertheless, Floseal or Surgiflo has not been universally recommended by the current guidelines of preoperative hemostatic management in spine surgery due to lack of relative systematic evidence-based medical evidence. Moreover, adverse effects of novel absorbable hemostatic biomaterial may be poorly reported and inconsistently described. Meanwhile, there is currently no systematic review and meta-analyses available which sum up the existing evidence. Our study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery, and to provide corresponding evidence-based medical evidence.
Methods and analysis
Our study will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of thrombin-based flowable hemostatic agents in spine surgery, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P). Two authors will retrieve the relevant articles using the eight databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM) from inception to 16st Aug, 2022. Three authors will screen citation titles and abstracts and evaluated full-text of each potentially relevant citation, and then extract the data using a data extraction form. Any discrepancies in decisions between reviewers will be resolved through discussion. All included studies will be evaluated for quality and risk of bias according to the Cochrane guidelines. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis will be used to find the main source of between-study heterogeneity. All data analysis will be performed using RevMan v.5.3 Software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.
Sharpness of some Hardy-type inequalities
Authors: Lars-Erik Persson , Natasha Samko , Tephnadze George 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current status concerning Hardy-type inequalities with sharp constants is presented and described in a unified convexity way. In particular, it is then natural to replace the Lebesgue measure dx with the Haar measure dx/x. There are also derived some new two-sided Hardy-type inequalities for monotone functions, where not only the two constants are sharp but also where the involved function spaces are (more) optimal. As applications, a number of both well-known and new Hardy-type inequalities are pointed out. And, in turn, these results are used to derive some new sharp information concerning sharpness in the relation between different quasi-norms in Lorentz spaces.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D10, 46E30.
At the origin of Neanderthals and modern humans - Cerebral complexity and encephalization
Authors: Zaio Paola , Rubini Mauro , Tuniz Claudio , Bernardini Federico , Vincenzo Fabio Di , festa giulia , gozzi alessandro , libianchi nunzia , scorrano gabriele , macciardi fabio , fallon james , Manzi Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The increase of brain dimensions and complexity has characterized the evolution of the genus Homo. According to the available fossil and genetic evidence, a crucial stage came before the divergence of Neanderthals, Denisovans and Homo sapiens, during the Middle Pleistocene. We consider a specimen of about 400 ka, whose phenotype is at the roots of this divergence: Ceprano calvarium (Italy). Here, we show a derived cerebrovascular organization with a mosaic of modern human and primitive features characteristics. Computed microtomography shows vascular variation and ontogenetic defects associated with ventricular and lymphatic involvement while phylogenetic analyzes highlight a dysregulation of the Tet1 gene that shows an accelerated mutation rate between 1.2 Ma and 466 ka, in contrast with the expected neutral evolution of the human genome. These results shed light on the dynamics of cranio-cerebral growth during the encephalization process and on the cerebral vascular and lymphatic system involved in this process. The results of this study could have implications for the research of many of the diseases of the central nervous system that have become predominant in an increasingly structured and long-lived brain system such as that of modern Homo sapiens.
Multi-Model U-Net: An Adversarial Defense Mechanism for Robust Visual Tracking
Authors: Suttapak Wattanapong , Zhang Jianfu , Zhao Haohuo , Zhang Liqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Currently, state-of-the-art object-tracking algorithms are facing a severe threat from adversarial attacks, which can significantly undermine their performance. In this work, we present the first defensive model for visual tracking, called MU-Net. The proposed model generates denoised images that successfully defend against attacks while requiring minimal computing resources. To achieve this, MU-Net models are explored in five different models, with the smallest pair layers being 3. Each model is trained end-to-end on random pair images with both clean and adversarial noise images by utilizing pixel-wise and feature-wise denoisers. Our proposed models significantly enhance tracking performance even when the target tracker is attacked or the target frame is clean. Additionally, MU-Net can simultaneously share its parameters on both template and search regions. In experimental results, the proposed models successfully defend against top attackers on six benchmark datasets, including OTB100, LaSOT, UAV123, VOT2018, VOT2019, and GOT-10k. Performance results on all datasets show a significant improvement over all attackers, with a decline of less than 4.6% for every benchmark metric compared to the original tracker.
Benthic Foraminifera as Pollution Biomarkers: A Morphological Approach
Authors: Martínez Laura Tavera , Marchant Margarita , Díaz Roberto T. Abdala , Arrojo María Ángeles , Muñoz Praxedes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Coastal areas are often intervened by anthropic activities, which increase the contamination of toxic agents such as heavy metals. This causes adverse morphological effects on benthic microorganisms, such as foraminifera. This group is one of the most susceptible to environmental deterioration, so they can be used as pollution biomarkers by identifying shell abnormalities. Therefore, 28 sediment samples from northern Chile were analyzed, calculating the Abnormality Index-FAI and its spatio-temporal distributions in benthic foraminifera. As well as the minimum and maximum abnormality percentages and their relationship with heavy metals concentrations, using a generalized non-linear model and a principal component analysis. The results indicated a proportion of abnormal shells within the ranges described for polluted areas conditions, revealing environmental stress conditions. This reflected a change in the environmental conditions in the most recent sediments of the bay. The highest FAI values were observed to the southwest of the bay, caused by the local current system. The species Bolivina seminuda, Buliminella elegantissima, and Epistominella exigua presented a greater number of deformities, allowing them to be used as contamination biomarkers. A significant correlation was found between Ti, Mn, Ni, Va, and Ba with decreased chamber sizes, wrong coiling, scars, and number of abnormality types. This suggests the effect of the particular geochemical conditions of the area on the heavy metals that cause toxic effects on foraminifera. These analyses are an efficient tool for identifying the effects of environmental stress before they occur in higher organisms, mitigating the environmental impact on marine biodiversity.
Efficacy and Safety of HAIC alone VS. HAIC combined with Lenvatinib for Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Long Fang , Chen Haili , Li Ruidong , Lin Yinsheng , Han Jian , Guo Jiandong , Chen Yongxin , Li Chengzhi , Song Peng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lenvatinib(HAIC-Len) and HAIC alone for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(Ad-HCC).
Methods
Totally 349 patients with Ad-HCC participated in the research from February 2018 to October 2020. On the basis of propensity score matching(PSM), 132 and 110 cases were assigned to the HAIC group and the HAIC-Len group, respectively, with a ratio of 1:1. Progression-free survival(PFS), overall survival(OS), and complications were compared between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were utilized to estimate cumulative OS and PFS. Additionally, uni- and multi-variate Cox regression models were employed to identify significant independent factors.
Results
The median follow-up period in this study was set to be 20.8 months. Following PSM, the one-, two- and three-year cumulative OS rates in the HAIC-Len and HAIC groups were 63.6%, 12.1%, and 3.0%, and 47.2%, 11.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). The first-three-year cumulative incidence rates PFS in the HAIC-Len and the HAIC groups were 15.2%, 1.5%, and ND, and 11.8%, 4.5%, and 3.6%, respectively, with no significant difference detected(P = 0.092). BMI (HR: 0.709. 95% CI: 0.549, 0.915. P = 0.008) and AST(HR: 1.005. 95% CI: 1.003, 1.007. P < 0.001) represented independent prognostic factors for OS. Additionally, the two groups exhibited no significant difference in the incidence rates of adverse events.
Conclusions
HAIC-Len significantly improved survival outcomes of patients with Ad-HCC and demonstrated acceptable toxicity compared to HAIC alone.
Breakable geological structures and groundwater in the Koumfab catchment area of northern Togo
Authors: Katansao Pyabalo Eugène , Gnazou Masamaéya Dadja-Toyou , Agbossoumonde Yao , Vasić Ljiljana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Togolese government mainly uses groundwater to provide water to rural and urban populations due to the poor condition of surface waters. The Koumfab watershed, located in northern Togo (Dapaong) has a substratum composed of crystalline rocks and ancient Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, giving it a hydrogeological configuration of basements aquifers. Consequently, its groundwater potential is related to the thickness of its soil cover and the fracture networks it contains. A hydrological balance has been established at the scale of the basin and the map of the lineaments of the basin is obtained through aerial images and the numerical model of the field treated by the GIS software. Three families of lineaments are obtained and classified according to their importance. The main directions of these lineaments are N01°-N40° with a cumulative weight of 32.48% corresponding to the majority of fractures; the mean fractures correspond to N60° to N120° with a cumulative weight of 42.27% and finally the N121°-N180° and N41° -N59° are minority fractures for 24.78%. The correlation between these lineaments and drilling flows has shown that lineament lengths and their connectivity’s have a significant influence on groundwater potential (drilling rate), but it’s not the only parameter that controls the productivity of these watersheds. Lithological facies and water inflow in the depths located 40–80 m range and probably the thickness of the soils layer is, however, parameters that control the productivity and thus the hydrogeological potential of the region.
Establishment of a nomogram model for predicting metabolic bone disease in preterm infants
Authors: Liang Liyu , Zhuo Ruiyan , Zhu Hui , Xie Qinmei , Yang Meijun , Liu Yongle , Lin Jinwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate risk factors for metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm infants and establish a nomogram model for predicting MBD risk.
Methods
A total of 1104 preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 809 were as modelling set and 295 were as validation set. The modelling set was divided into the MBD (n = 185) and non-MBD (n = 624) groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for MBD. R software was used to plot the nomogram model, which was then validated by the data of the validation set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the nomogram model’s performance, and the clinical decision curve was used to assess the clinical practicability of the model.
Results
Gestational age, time of trophic feeding initiation, parenteral nutrition duration, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cholestasis and sepsis were independent risk factors for MBD in preterm infants (P < 0.05). The ROC curve of the modelling set had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801; the risk prediction value of 0.196 corresponding to the maximum Youden index was the best value, and the prediction critical value was 125 points. The ROC curve of the validation set had an AUC of 0.844. The calibration curve analysis showed good accuracy and consistency between the model’s predicted and actual values.
Conclusions
The nomogram model provides an efficient tool for the early assessment of MBD risk. Preterm infants with scores ≥ 125 should receive close attention and interventions in the early stage.
Breaking RSA Encryption Protocol with Kernel P Systems
Authors: Vasile Răzvan , Gheorghe Marian , Niculescu Ionuț Mihai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The prime factorisation problem is intractable, i.e., no efficient algorithm is known. In cryptography there are some well-known approaches based on the computational hardness of this problem, including Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption protocol. Several attemps to break RSA have been investigated, some of them based on the massive parallelism of membrane systems.In this paper a new approach, based on kernel P system formalism, aimed at reassessing the space-time tradeoff, usually involved in membrane computing solutions, is investigated. Two models are introduced and assessed in order to find the potential benefits of each of them for solving the above problem, revealing also their limitations and providing hints for further improvements.
International control of cattle disease
Authors: Benyon A. G. 
Published: March 2023

An international approach to the control of cattle disease is becoming of increasing importance. The subject presents many problems for which solutions have yet to be fully developed. The formulation of correct solutions to these problems will hold the key to higher standards of world animal health and to the development of freer trade in livestock and livestock products on which the economic and social well-being of so many countries will depend. Paper presented to a plenary session of the VII International Congress on Cattle Diseases, London, England, on August 2, 1972.
Management and treatment of toxicosis in cattle
Authors: Bailey E. M. 
Published: March 2023

Intoxications in domestic livestock continue to confront practitioners with therapeutic and prophylactic problems. The current widespread and necessary use of pesticides in American agriculture continues to cause accidental intoxications in animals. Because of the continued likelihood of intoxications in animals, it is imperative that veterinarians continue their attempt to educate their clients to use proper handling and storage techniques. Only when the actual users and applicators of toxic chemicals control these chemicals properly will the incidence of intoxications be lowered.
The increased incidence of intoxications in domestic animals makes necessary the continued emphasis on treating disease conditions caused by toxicants. Consequently, the purpose of this communication is to briefly identify some of the more common toxicants which cause intoxications in animals, and describe the therapeutic and management procedures which should be instituted to treat the resulting disease states.
Clinical report
Authors: Gardner D. 
Published: March 2023

The following case history became a nightmare to both veterinarian and owner before it was resolved.
A Holstein dairy farm containing 120 head was begun in Sept. 1976. The facilities were built from scratch upon recommendations from extension people and much personal investigation by the owner operators. The facilities were all under one roof for convenience and economy of construction. The feeding trough ran through the middle of the large housing barn which was divided by the feeding trough so the cattle could be split into 2 groups and fed according to production. The feeding system was a belt model designed so that silage and grain could be fed on one or both sides. The grain concentrate mixture was mixed by a weighing catch hopper before falling onto the belt. By the time the grain-silage mixture hit the bunk it was thoroughly mixed, so very little or no separation could occur in the trough by the cows. The amount of silage and grain being fed was determined by collecting the amount of each conveyed out during a specific time length and weighing it.
Comments on the eradication of bovine brucellosis
Authors: Nicoletti Paul 
Published: March 2023

Some have suggested that any disease which can be eliminated from a herd can also be eradicated from a region and a nation. However illogical this conclusion, it is safe to state that the opposite is true. To eradicate disease, when possible, is surely wiser and ultimately cheaper. But, to promise eradication and fail to accomplish it results in cynicism and backlash. The promises of an early end of human venereal disease failed to consider the effects of changing sexual mores, drug resistant microbes, and inadequate reporting. The promises of eradication of brucellosis also failed to consider many factors which influence persistence of the disease.
It is unfair to suggest that eradication of one disease can be equated with eradication of another or that comparisons can be made between one region or an entire country to others. Conditions, including the technology of diseases, are often vastly different and these will prevent achievement of goals. The nature of a disease must be known and the methods for its manipulation must be based upon all available facts such as transmission, reservoirs, vaccines, economics, etc. There are many negative aspects in brucellosis control and eradication and some of these are further examined in this paper.
Rinderpest
Authors: DeTray D. E. 
Published: March 2023

I will deal with control and eradication of rinderpest in the event of its introduction into countries like the U.S. where the disease has not previously existed.
One cannot overemphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis. We cannot deal satisfactorily with a new disease problem until we know the cause and the extent of the disease.
If there is any doubt in the field about a suspect disease being rinderpest the disease should be dealt with as rinderpest until laboratory tests are carried out. At this stage strict quarantine should be sufficient. Control of cattle movements is highly effective in stopping the spread of rinderpest.
Preputial surgery on the bull
Authors: Bostwick J. L. 
Published: March 2023

Failure of normal extension and retraction of the penis and prepuce in the male bovine animal of breeding age is cause for concern. Injury to the tender preputial tissue is a common occurrence, particularly in the young, sexually aggressive male.
Many promising young herd sires, and many older proven sires, have been removed prematurely from the breeding herd because of trauma to the preputial tissue. Corrective surgery and proper aftercare should reduce this loss. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate a technique designed to prevent unwanted complications following surgical treatment of preputial injuries.
Two-year survey of five herds with high Wisconsin Mastitis Test scores
Authors: Heider L. E. , Sturm R. R. 
Published: March 2023

The first objective was to measure the effectiveness of mastitis control practices in herds with high WMT scores.
The second objective was to measure the effectiveness of 400 mg of novobiocin when used as the nonlactating period infusion component of the program, when novobiocinpenicillin was routinely used for intramammary infusion of infected lactating glands.
A third objective, in the event a herd did not respond, was to attempt to learn the reason or reasons for this failure.
Management of anaplasmosis in beef cattle
Authors: Richey E. J. 
Published: March 2023

Cattle that recover from anaplasmosis are carriers of the disease for the rest of their lives because their blood contains the Anaplasma marginale parasite. The blood from these recovered animals will cause anaplasmosis in uninfected cattle. Carriers very rarely become ill from anaplasmosis a second time. The unknown carriers in a herd of cattle are the most important source of infection for future outbreaks of the disease.
Anaplasmosis outbreaks are related to lack of a control program, the percent of the herd which are anaplasmosis carriers and the amount of vector transmission. (NO CONTROLS + CARRIERS + VECTORS = OUTBREAKS.) Either an increase in percent of carriers or amount of vector transmission can influence the severity of an outbreak. With this in mind, we need to consider control programs to prevent outbreaks, clearing up the carrier state, reducing vector transmission and treatment or management options available during an outbreak.
Animal agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Tillman Allen D. 
Published: March 2023

Even though the average inhabitant of Indonesia had only 0.07 animal units and consumes only 2.5 grams of animal protein per day, animal agriculture is important to both the agricultural and overall economy. The significance of this statement will become clear as we study the farming system in Indonesia along with the purpose of animals in these systems.
Since Indonesia is a new country and is far-removed from the North American continent, it is possible that our understanding would be greater if there were discussions on some general features of Indonesia, such as its location and size, its people, and the total population and density. In addition, there are some distinct breeds in Indonesia, thus it is indicated that the animal genetic resoures be discussed.