bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral lung transplant with pulmonary artery reconstruction using donor aorta for pulmonary hypertension with a giant pulmonary arterial aneurysm
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuaki , Matsuo Satoshi , Watanabe Yui , Hirama Takashi , Matsuda Yasushi , Noda Masafumi , Niikawa Hiromichi , Oishi Hisashi , Suzuki Yamato , Ejima Yutaka , Toyama Hiroaki , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Standard bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) is not feasible for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) complicated with a giant pulmonary arterial aneurysm (PAA). This study aimed to describe the outcomes of BLT with pulmonary artery reconstruction (PAR) using donor aorta for such patients.

METHODS
This is a retrospective single-centre study reviewing PAH patients with a PAA who received BLT with PAR using donor aorta from January 2010 through December 2020. We compared the characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes of recipients receiving PAR (PAR group) with those who had no PAA and received standard BLT (non-PAR group).

RESULTS
Nineteen adult PAH patients underwent cadaveric lung transplantation during the study period. Among them, 5 patients with a giant PAA (median pulmonary artery trunk diameter, 69.9 mm) underwent BLT with PAR using donor aorta and the others received standard BLT. Although the operation time tended to be longer in the PAR group compared with the non-PAR group (1239 vs 958 mins, P = 0.087), 90-day mortality (PAR group: 0% vs non-PAR group: 14.3%, P &gt; 0.99), and 5-year survival rate (PAR group: 100% vs non-PAR group: 85.7%, P = 0.74) was comparable between the groups. No dilatation, constriction or infection of the aortic grafts were recorded during the study period with a median follow-up time of 94 months in the PAR group.

CONCLUSIONS
Lung transplantation with PAR using donor aorta is a valid surgical option for PAH patients complicated with a giant PAA.
Help-seeking following a flooding event: a cross-sectional analysis of adults affected by flooding in England in winter 2013/14
Authors: Findlater L , Robin C , Hopgood K , Waite T ,   National Study of Flooding and Health Study Group, Waite Thomas , Beck Charles , Oliver Isabel , Amlôt Richard , Bone Angie , Leonardi Giovanni , Rubin Gideon James , Kovats Sari , Armstrong Ben , Rubin G , Beck C R , Oliver I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Flooding can cause long-term, significant impacts on mental health in affected populations. We explored help-seeking behaviour of households affected by flooding.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on National Study of Flooding and Health data on households flooded in England in winter 2013/14. Participants (Year 1: n = 2006; Year 2: n = 988; Year 3: n = 819) were asked if they sought help from health services and other sources. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of help-seeking in flooded and disrupted participants compared to unaffected, adjusted for a priori confounders.

Results
The odds of seeking help from any source 1 year after flooding were greater for flooded participants [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–1.45] and those disrupted by flooding (aOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.37–2.68) compared to unaffected participants. This continued in the second year (flooded: aOR 6.24, 95% CI: 3.18–13.34; disrupted: aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.14–4.68), and help-seeking remained greater in flooded than unaffected participants in the third year. Flooded and disrupted participants were particularly likely to seek help from informal sources. Help-seeking was more prevalent amongst participants with mental health outcomes, but a notable proportion of individuals with any mental health outcome did not seek help (Year 1: 15.0%; Year 2: 33.3%; Year 3: 40.3%).

Conclusions
Flooding is associated with increased demand for formal and informal support, persisting for at least 3 years, and an unmet need for help amongst affected individuals. Our findings should be considered in flood response planning to reduce the long-term adverse health impacts of flooding.
Impact of Caregiving on Cognitive Functioning: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Su Qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Few studies have examined the association between caregiving and the cognitive functioning of caregivers. This study explored the association between caring for family members and cognition and how the link differs by caregiving intensity and caregiving types. Furthermore, rural–urban and gender heterogeneity were investigated.

Methods
This study analyzed Waves 2011, 2013, and 2018 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with cognitive functioning assessed in 3 dimensions: memory, executive function, and orientation function. The cognition trajectories between caregivers and noncaregivers were compared with the growth curve model.

Results
Results demonstrated a positive association between caregiving and cognitive functioning (β = 0.249, p &lt; .001). Considering caregiving intensity, the positive association was only found in low (β = 0.335, p &lt; .001) and moderate-intensity caregivers (β = 0.250, p &lt; .05) but not in high-intensity caregivers. Moreover, grandparents, adult children, and multiple caregivers had a higher average cognition level at age 60 than noncaregivers (all β &gt; 0, all p &lt; .05), and adult child caregivers exhibited a significantly slower rate of decline in cognition across age (β = 0.040, p &lt; .01). However, spousal caregivers showed no significant disparities with noncaregivers. Moreover, the impact of caregiving on memory function is more apparent among urban adults.

Discussion
Results indicate that caregiving can benefit cognitive function. This study proposes considering caregiving intensity and caregiving types when exploring caregiving and cognition. Based on these findings, policy-makers may overcome the challenges involved in establishing and developing a supportive informal care system in China.
Chewing and Swallowing Abilities of Persons Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties of Instruments
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Lee Kyuri , Liu Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is critical to use validated instruments to diagnose and manage chewing and swallowing problems of persons living with dementia. The study aimed to synthesize the characteristics and psychometric quality of instruments that assess the chewing and swallowing abilities of persons living with dementia.Research Design and MethodsThe systematic review was used to conduct this study. We searched 5 electric databases for records published from January 1, 1980, to July 8, 2022. Records were eligible if they included any instrument to assess chewing ability or swallowing ability in the dementia population. Eight characteristics of eligible instruments were extracted from the records: (1) development process, (2) operationalized concept/construct, (3) sample and setting, (4) administration method, (5) items, (6) scoring format/interpretation, (7) reliability, and (8) validity. The psychometric assessment for self-report and observational tool was used to evaluate 12 psychometric properties of eligible instruments.ResultsIn total, 11,074 records were reviewed. Thirty-five eligible instruments, including observational tools, self-report questionnaires, and physiological instruments, were identified from 60 records. All 8 instruments assessing chewing ability were evaluated as having low psychometric quality, and only 3 out of 27 instruments assessing swallowing ability were evaluated as having moderate psychometric quality. Fifteen instruments were tested for only 1 type of psychometric property, limiting the overall evaluation of psychometric evidence.Discussion and ImplicationsThe study findings inform the use and adaptation of appropriate instruments for practice and research. All existing instruments warrant further validation in larger samples to expand use in diverse care settings. This review described and evaluated current instruments measuring chewing and swallowing abilities and potential use in research and clinical practice to plan for and evaluate the effectiveness of mealtime and oral care practice and reduce health-related negative outcomes of persons living with dementia.
Accelerating low-frequency ground motion simulation for finite fault sources using neural networks
Authors: Lehmann Lukas , Ohrnberger Matthias , Metz Malte , Heimann Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYIn the context of early emergency response to moderate and large earthquake shaking, we present a simulation based low-frequency ground motion estimation workflow that expedites an existing simulation method while taking into account simplified source process information. We focus on using source information that can be expected to be available shortly after an impacting earthquake, for example moment-tensor and simple finite-fault parameters. We utilize physics-based simulations which can include effects based on source orientation or finite faults, like rupture directivity. In order to keep the computational effort within feasible bounds and to apply the approach on global scale, we restrict ourselves to a low-frequency setup (standard 1-D layered earth model and 2 Hz sampling frequency) for either a moment tensor or a simple kinematic finite fault model. From the simulated records we then extract ground motion parameters of interest for arbitrary locations within the area of expected impact and display the expected spatial patterns of ground motion. Although simulations are kept simple, the results from this low-frequency ground motion parameter simulation (e.g. for peak-ground displacement) are in good agreement with observations from two well-studied earthquakes and partially more accurate than traditional, more empirical approaches (standard deviation &lt;0.3 log10 units). However, waveform calculation and subsequent ground motion parameter extraction is computationally expensive. For a significant computational speedup in the context of rapid ground motion assessment, we directly train neural network (NN) models from large sets of source model information and their corresponding spatial ground motion distribution. We show that the trained NNs are able to reproduce the earthquake source related effects, like directivity and focal mechanism patterns, of the ground motion in any case. Given a set of source parameters, we obtain prediction errors smaller than 0.05 log10 units (ca. 11 per cent) and a magnitude dependent increase in computational speed of more than 1000 times compared to the initial waveform modelling. The proposed procedure enables thus to immediately compute probabilistic ground motion maps related to uncertainties in source parameters estimates, for example by sampling distributions based on parameter uncertainties or directly from an existing ensemble of focal parameter solutions.
Two NOTCH1 O-fucose sites have opposing functions in mouse retinal angiogenesis
Authors: LoPilato Rachel K , Kroeger Heike , Mohan Sneha K , Lauderdale James D , Grimsey Neil , Haltiwanger Robert S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that Fringe glycosylation of the NOTCH1 extracellular domain at O-fucose residues in Epidermal Growth Factor-like Repeats (EGFs) 6 and 8 is a significant contributor to suppression of NOTCH1 activation by JAG1 or enhancement of NOTCH1 activation by DLL1, respectively. In this study, we sought to evaluate the significance of these glycosylation sites in a mammalian model by generating 2 C57BL/6J mouse lines carrying NOTCH1 point mutations, which eliminate O-fucosylation and Fringe activity at EGFs 6 (T232V) or 8 (T311V). We assessed changes to morphology during retinal angiogenesis, a process in which expression of Notch1, Jag1, Dll4, Lfng, Mfng, and Rfng genes coordinate cell-fate decisions to grow vessel networks. In the EGF6 O-fucose mutant (6f/6f) retinas, we observed reduced vessel density and branching, suggesting that this mutant is a Notch1 hypermorph. This finding agrees with prior cell-based studies showing that the 6f mutation increased JAG1 activation of NOTCH1 during co-expression with inhibitory Fringes. Although we predicted that the EGF8 O-fucose mutant (8f/8f) would not complete embryonic development due to the direct involvement of the O-fucose in engaging ligand, the 8f/8f mice were viable and fertile. In the 8f/8f retina, we measured increased vessel density consistent with established Notch1 hypomorphs. Overall, our data support the importance of NOTCH1 O-fucose residues for pathway function and confirms that single O-glycan sites are rich in signaling instructions for mammalian development.
h-Principle for Stratified Spaces
Authors: Mj Mahan , Sen Balarka 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We extend Gromov and Eliashberg–Mishachev’s $h-$principle on manifolds to stratified spaces. This is done in both the sheaf-theoretic framework of Gromov and the smooth jets framework of Eliashberg–Mishachev. The generalization involves developing 1. the notion of stratified continuous sheaves to extend Gromov’s theory, 2. the notion of smooth stratified bundles to extend Eliashberg–Mishachev’s theory. A new feature is the role played by homotopy fiber sheaves. We show, in particular, that stratumwise flexibility of stratified continuous sheaves along with flexibility of homotopy fiber sheaves furnishes the parametric $h$-principle. We extend the Eliashberg–Mishachev holonomic approximation theorem to stratified spaces. We also prove a stratified analog of the Smale–Hirsch immersion theorem.
Mechanism of Action for an All-in-One Monoclonal Antibody Against Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Hou Wei-Tong , Shen Chen-Rui , Peng Ji , Jiang Li-Wen , Guo Shi-Yu , Qiu Xi-Ran , Zhang Yu , Shen Hui , Jiang Yuan-Ying , An Mao-Mao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen associated with high mortality rates. The extensive use of antibiotics is associated with the rise of drug resistance, and exotoxins are not targeted by antibiotics. Therefore, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has emerged as a promising solution to solve the clinical problems caused by refractory S aureus. Recent research suggests that the synergistic effects of several cytotoxins, including bicomponent toxins, are critical to the pathogenesis of S aureus. By comparing the amino acid sequences, researchers found that α-toxin and bicomponent toxins have high homology. Therefore, we aimed to screen an antibody, designated an all-in-one mAb, that could neutralize α-toxin and bicomponent toxins through hybridoma fusion. We found that this mAb has a significant pharmacodynamic effect within in vivo mouse models and in vitro experiments.
Automated detection of causal relationships among diseases and imaging findings in textual radiology reports
Authors: Sebro Ronnie A , Kahn Charles E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Textual radiology reports contain a wealth of information that may help understand associations among diseases and imaging observations. This study evaluated the ability to detect causal associations among diseases and imaging findings from their co-occurrence in radiology reports.

Materials and Methods
This IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant study analyzed 1 702 462 consecutive reports of 1 396 293 patients; patient consent was waived. Reports were analyzed for positive mention of 16 839 entities (disorders and imaging findings) of the Radiology Gamuts Ontology (RGO). Entities that occurred in fewer than 25 patients were excluded. A Bayesian network structure-learning algorithm was applied at P &lt; 0.05 threshold: edges were evaluated as possible causal relationships. RGO and/or physician consensus served as ground truth.

Results
2742 of 16 839 RGO entities were included, 53 849 patients (3.9%) had at least one included entity. The algorithm identified 725 pairs of entities as causally related; 634 were confirmed by reference to RGO or physician review (87% precision). As shown by its positive likelihood ratio, the algorithm increased detection of causally associated entities 6876-fold.

Discussion
Causal relationships among diseases and imaging findings can be detected with high precision from textual radiology reports.

Conclusion
This approach finds causal relationships among diseases and imaging findings with high precision from textual radiology reports, despite the fact that causally related entities represent only 0.039% of all pairs of entities. Applying this approach to larger report text corpora may help detect unspecified or heretofore unrecognized associations.
Invited review: integration of technologies and systems for precision animal agriculture—a case study on precision dairy farming
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Malacco Victor M R , Bai Huiwen , Price Tanner P , Datta Arunashish , Xin Lei , Sen Shreyas , Nawrocki Robert A , Chiu George , Sundaram Shreyas , Min Byung-Cheol , Daniels Kristy M , White Robin R , Donkin Shawn S , Brito Luiz F , Voyles Richard M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Precision livestock farming (PLF) offers a strategic solution to enhance the management capacity of large animal groups, while simultaneously improving profitability, efficiency, and minimizing environmental impacts associated with livestock production systems. Additionally, PLF contributes to optimizing the ability to manage and monitor animal welfare while providing solutions to global grand challenges posed by the growing demand for animal products and ensuring global food security. By enabling a return to the “per animal” approach by harnessing technological advancements, PLF enables cost-effective, individualized care for animals through enhanced monitoring and control capabilities within complex farming systems. Meeting the nutritional requirements of a global population exponentially approaching ten billion people will likely require the density of animal proteins for decades to come. The development and application of digital technologies are critical to facilitate the responsible and sustainable intensification of livestock production over the next several decades to maximize the potential benefits of PLF. Real-time continuous monitoring of each animal is expected to enable more precise and accurate tracking and management of health and well-being. Importantly, the digitalization of agriculture is expected to provide collateral benefits of ensuring auditability in value chains while assuaging concerns associated with labor shortages. Despite notable advances in PLF technology adoption, a number of critical concerns currently limit the viability of these state-of-the-art technologies. The potential benefits of PLF for livestock management systems which are enabled by autonomous continuous monitoring and environmental control can be rapidly enhanced through an Internet of Things approach to monitoring and (where appropriate) closed-loop management. In this paper, we analyze the multilayered network of sensors, actuators, communication, networking, and analytics currently used in PLF, focusing on dairy farming as an illustrative example. We explore the current state-of-the-art, identify key shortcomings, and propose potential solutions to bridge the gap between technology and animal agriculture. Additionally, we examine the potential implications of advancements in communication, robotics, and artificial intelligence on the health, security, and welfare of animals.
Mineral composition of serially slaughtered Holstein steers supplemented with zilpaterol hydrochloride
Authors: Watson Andrea K , McEvers Trent J , Walter Lee-Anne J , May Nathan D , Reed Jacob A , MacDonald Jim C , Erickson Galen E , Cole N Andy , Hutcheson John P , Lawrence Ty E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Calf-fed Holstein steers (n = 115; 449 ± 20 kg) were utilized in a serial harvest experiment. A baseline group of five steers was harvested after 226 d on feed (DOF), which was designated day 0. The remaining cattle were assigned randomly to 11 harvest groups, with slaughter every 28 d. Cattle were either not (CON) or were fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for 20 d followed by a 3 d withdrawal (ZH). There were five steers per treatment in each slaughter group ranging from days 28 to 308. Whole carcasses were divided into lean, bone, internal cavity, hide, and fat trim components. Apparent mineral retention (Ca, P, Mg, K, and S) within the body was calculated as the difference between mineral concentration at slaughter and day 0. Mineral concentration at day 0 was determined from body composition of steers harvested at day 0 multiplied by individual live body weight (BW) at day 0. All data were analyzed as a 2 × 11 factorial arrangement with individual animal as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to analyze linear and quadratic contrasts over time (11 slaughter dates). There were no differences in concentration of Ca, P, and Mg in bone tissue as feeding duration increased (P ≥ 0.89); concentration of K, Mg, and S in lean tissue did fluctuate across DOF (P &lt; 0.01). Averaged across treatment and DOF, 99% of Ca, 92% of P, 78% of Mg, and 23% of S present in the body were in bone tissue; 67% of K and 49% of S were in lean tissue. Expressed as gram per day, apparent retention of all minerals decreased linearly across DOF (P &lt; 0.01). Expressed relative to empty body weight (EBW) gain, apparent Ca, P, and K retention decreased linearly as BW increased (P &lt; 0.01) whereas Mg and S increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent retention of Ca was greater for CON cattle (greater bone fraction) and apparent retention of K was greater for ZH cattle (greater muscle fraction) when expressed relative to EBW gain (P ≤ 0.02), demonstrating the increase in lean gain by ZH cattle. There were no differences in apparent retention of Ca, P, Mg, K, or S due to treatment (P ≥ 0.14) or time (P ≥ 0.11) when expressed relative to protein gain. Apparent retention averaged 14.4 g Ca, 7.5 g P, 0.45 g Mg, 1.3 g K, and 1.0 g S/100 g protein gain. Expressing apparent mineral retention on a protein gain basis minimized effects of rate and type of gain, allowing for better comparison across treatments and time. Feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride did not affect apparent mineral retention when expressed relative to protein gain.
Ecological zoning of Euschistus heros in Brazil based on the net reproductive rate at different temperatures and relative-humidity levels
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas Maniero , Garcia Adriano Gomes , Parra José Roberto Postali 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the major insect pests in soybean crops, causing severe damage; however, some aspects of its biology that are essential for management remain unknown. To aid in the management of E. heros, the present study investigated the fertility life table of this species at 7 temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32 ± 1 °C) and 4 relative-humidity levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 ± 10%). Based on the net reproductive rate, R0, we developed an ecological zoning for this pest in Brazil, to identify climatically favorable areas for population growth. Our results indicated that the most favorable range is between 25 and 28 °C and above 70% RH. The ecological zoning indicated that farmers should be more concerned in the northern and Midwest regions, which include the state of Mato Grosso, the largest soybean and corn producer in Brazil. These results provide valuable information, indicating the hotspots most likely to be attacked by the Neotropical brown stink bug.