bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking Dependence, Time-Discounting, and Sustained Cessation Behavior: A Longitudinal Study of Predominantly Light Smokers
Authors: Saenz-de-Miera Belen , Lambert Victoria C , Chen Brian , Gallegos-Carrillo Katia , Barrientos-Gutierrez Inti , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Thrasher James F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
This study aimed to assess whether two established psychosocial predictors of smoking abstinence, nicotine dependence and time-discounting, also apply to a population of predominantly cigarette light smokers, which is the dominant pattern of smoking in countries like Mexico. Relatively infrequent smoking is increasingly prevalent, yet still harmful, making it important to understand the predictors of cessation in this population.

Aims and Methods
Mexican adult smokers recruited from an online consumer panel were surveyed every 4 months between November 2018 and July 2020. We considered respondents who reported a quit attempt in between surveys (n = 1288). Dependence was measured with a 10-item version of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). Time-discounting was assessed with five branching questions about hypothetical reward scenarios. Logistic models regressed sustained quit attempts (≥30 days of abstinence) at time t + 1 on study variables at time t.

Results
We found strong interitem reliability (α = 0.92) and intraindividual consistency of our brief WISDM (ρ = 0.68), but moderate intraindividual consistency of the time-discounting measure (ρ = 0.48). Forty-eight percent of the sample reported sustained quit attempts, and 79% were non-daily or light daily smokers (≤5 cigarettes per day). Smokers with higher WISDM-10 had lower odds of sustained quitting and this result remained when controlling for smoking frequency and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.768). Time-discounting was unassociated with sustained quitting.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a brief, 10-item multidimensional measure of dependence is useful for predicting sustained quitting in a context of relatively light smoking; time-discounting appears less relevant, although our results are not conclusive because of the low test-retest reliability of our measure.

Implications
Given the increase in non-daily and light daily cigarette smoking in many countries, including in Mexico, and the health risks this still poses, it is important to understand the predictors of cessation among relatively light smokers. The WISDM-10 multidimensional measure seems to be a good instrument to assess dependence and predict successful quitting in this population, and possibly more appropriate than physical dependence measures. As such, it could help design and target more suitable cessation treatments for non-daily and daily light cigarette smokers. While this study did not find time-discounting to be a relevant predictor of smoking abstinence, future studies should explore other measures.
A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies on Factors Associated With Smoking Cessation Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Bitar Sarah , Collonnaz Magali , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Kestens Yan , Ricci Laetitia , Martini Hervé , Agrinier Nelly , Minary Laetitia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To summarize findings from qualitative studies on factors associated with smoking cessation among adolescents and young adults.

Data sources
We searched Pubmed, Psychinfo, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases, as well as reference lists, for peer-reviewed articles published in English or French between January 1, 2000, and November 18, 2020. We used keywords such as adolescents, determinants, cessation, smoking, and qualitative methods.

Study selection
Of 1724 records identified, we included 39 articles that used qualitative or mixed methods, targeted adolescents and young adults aged 10–24, and aimed to identify factors associated with smoking cessation or smoking reduction.

Data extraction
Two authors independently extracted the data using a standardized form. We assessed study quality using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence checklist for qualitative studies.

Data synthesis
We used an aggregative meta-synthesis approach and identified 39 conceptually distinct factors associated with smoking cessation. We grouped them into two categories: (1) environmental factors [tobacco control policies, pro-smoking norms, smoking cessation services and interventions, influence of friends and family], and (2) individual attributes (psychological characteristics, attitudes, pre-quitting smoking behavior, nicotine dependence symptoms, and other substances use). We developed a synthetic framework that captured the factors identified, the links that connect them, and their associations with smoking cessation.

Conclusions
This qualitative synthesis offers new insights on factors related to smoking cessation services, interventions, and attitudes about cessation (embarrassment when using cessation services) not reported in quantitative reviews, supplementing limited evidence for developing cessation programs for young persons who smoke.

Implications
Using an aggregative meta-synthesis approach, this study identified 39 conceptually distinct factors grouped into two categories: Environmental factors and individual attributes. These findings highlight the importance of considering both environmental and individual factors when developing smoking cessation programs for young persons who smoke. The study also sheds light on self-conscious emotions towards cessation, such as embarrassment when using cessation services, which are often overlooked in quantitative reviews. Overall, this study has important implications for developing effective smoking cessation interventions and policies that address the complex factors influencing smoking behavior among young persons.
Human infections by the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta in China
Authors: Yao Chaoqun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta is a parasite that usually uses rats as a definitive host. It also infects humans and non-human primates. Human infections have been reported in 80 countries worldwide, including China. Nevertheless, nearly all the literature on human infections in China by the rat tapeworm is in Chinese journals, which are very difficult to access by readers outside China. The main aim of the current manuscript was to systematically review human infections by the rat tapeworm in China for readers inside and outside the country. Chinese characters for H. diminuta were used to search several databases, including Google Scholar. In total, 511 infections were reported in 24 Chinese provinces/autonomous regions, which surpassed 320 in Costa Rica as the country with the highest number of infections. Furthermore, three nationwide surveys on parasitic infections in the past 3 decades revealed detailed prevalence of this parasite along with that of roundworm, whipworm, hookworm and pinworm in Chinese populations. These data contribute to better understanding of this greatly neglected zoonosis in the world’s most populated country.
Microbial Infections After Boston Keratoprosthesis: A Case Series
Authors: Xu Yuwei , Zeng Liangbo , Zhang Yuying , Chen Miao , Ou Zhancong , Zhou Jin , Zhuo Kaichen , Chen Jiaqi , Lin Lixia , Gu Jianjun 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
This article presents a case series of microbial keratitis in eyes that underwent Boston keratoprosthesis implantation.

Methods:
A thorough examination of medical records and microbiology results was conducted for patients who experienced microbial keratitis subsequent to Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation from July 2019 to July 2023.

Results:
The review included 3 eyes of 3 distinct patients. In case 1, a patient with a history of chemical burns in the right eye underwent type I KPro implantation. Infectious keratitis, caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum, developed 9 years post-implantation. Despite the keratitis, the KPro remained in place, and treatment with vancomycin and ceftazidime agents, along with a C-collar full-thickness corneal graft for corneal melt, was administered. In case 2, Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced keratitis occurred 2 months following a type I KPro implantation. The infiltration resolved entirely after 4 weeks of topical and systemic antimicrobial treatment. Case 3 involved a patient with a history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome who underwent type II KPro implantation with autologous auricular cartilage reinforcement in the left eye. Bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus mitis/oralis developed 2 years after the surgery, ultimately resulting in phthisis.

Conclusions:
Both C. amycolatum and S. mitis/oralis can breach commensalism barriers, leading to opportunistic infections in eyes with implanted keratoprosthesis and compromised ocular surfaces. Post-keratoprosthesis microbial keratitis remains a significant concern and is often associated with adverse outcomes.
Levomethadone Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Aid Opioid Withdrawal Therapy: A Short Communication
Authors: Pfeifer Philippe , Hildebrand Kathrin , Angelov Andreas , Havemann-Reinecke Ursula , Böttcher Michael , Hiemke Christoph , Prentice Tatjana , Roll Sibylle C. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for opioid maintenance therapy with levomethadone. However, TDM has not yet been applied to monitor opioid withdrawal therapy clinically, although tools to improve it are required.

Methods:
In this observational cohort study, repeated TDM with levomethadone was performed according to a prospective opioid withdrawal study protocol. Objective and subjective opioid withdrawal symptoms were measured using validated rating scales and correlated to levomethadone plasma concentrations. Plasma levels were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography with column switching and spectroscopic detection of methadone and its major metabolite.

Results:
This study included 31 opioid-dependent patients who participated in standardized opioid withdrawal therapy. The serum levels of levomethadone were found to be highly variable and below the recommended therapeutic reference range of 250 ng/mL for maintenance therapy. These serum levels were positively correlated with dosage (r = 0.632; P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with subjective (r = −0.29; P = 0.011) and objective (r = −0.28; P = 0.014) withdrawal symptoms.

Conclusions:
The evidence provided sheds light on how to improve levomethadone withdrawal therapy in patients with opioid dependence. It seems likely that higher initial doses at the beginning and lower dose reductions would have been advantageous. TDM can enhance the safety of opioid withdrawal therapies, minimize withdrawal symptoms, and reduce dropout rates.
A NEW PHENOTYPE OR RETINAL INVOLVEMENT IN STEINERT DISEASE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bottazzi Leonardo , Sacconi Riccardo , Alessi Salvatore , Martorana Charles Anthony , Francesco Bandello , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to report a case illustrating the association of Steinert disease with peripheral retinal nonperfusion areas and epiretinal membrane.

Methods:
This was a case report.

Results:
A 47-year-old White woman diagnosed with Steinert disease was referred for blurred vision in her right eye. She presented bilateral ptosis with deficit of elevator muscle. Dilated fundus examination revealed altered macular reflex, peripheral vascular alterations, and ghost vessels bilaterally. Structural spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed an epiretinal membrane with a partial alteration of the foveal profile in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography images revealed no evidence of neovascular membrane in the macular region. Fluorescein angiography showed retinal peripheral nonperfusion areas and leakage in the late phases of the examination.

Conclusion:
Any retinal alteration should be considered during the ophthalmological examination of patients suffering from type 1 myotonic dystrophy. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography should be performed evaluating the patient with Steinert disease who complains about visual impairment.
The future of artificial intelligence in clinical nutrition
Authors: Singer Pierre , Robinson Eyal , Raphaeli Orit 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewArtificial intelligence has reached the clinical nutrition field. To perform personalized medicine, numerous tools can be used. In this review, we describe how the physician can utilize the growing healthcare databases to develop deep learning and machine learning algorithms, thus helping to improve screening, assessment, prediction of clinical events and outcomes related to clinical nutrition.Recent findingsArtificial intelligence can be applied to all the fields of clinical nutrition. Improving screening tools, identifying malnourished cancer patients or obesity using large databases has been achieved. In intensive care, machine learning has been able to predict enteral feeding intolerance, diarrhea, or refeeding hypophosphatemia. The outcome of patients with cancer can also be improved. Microbiota and metabolomics profiles are better integrated with the clinical condition using machine learning. However, ethical considerations and limitations of the use of artificial intelligence should be considered.SummaryArtificial intelligence is here to support the decision-making process of health professionals. Knowing not only its limitations but also its power will allow precision medicine in clinical nutrition as well as in the rest of the medical practice.
Effect of early ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block on preoperative opioid consumption in emergency patients with hip fracture: a randomized trial
Authors: Gerlier Camille , Mijahed Rami , Fels Audrey , Bekka Samir , Courseau Romain , Singh Anne-Lyse , Ganansia Olivier , Chatellier Gilles 
Published: August 2023

Background and importance
Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) could be used as part of a multimodal preoperative pain management for patients with hip fracture. Evidence of the effects of its early implementation in the emergency room as an immediate alternative to intravenous morphine titration is sparse.

Objective
To investigate the effect of an early ultrasound-guided FNB performed by emergency physicians on preoperative opioid consumption, compared to standard pain management.

Design, setting, and participants
This open randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Emergency Department of a French hospital with patients with neck or trochanteric femoral fracture who had a pain score ≥7 out of 10 points at triage.

Intervention
Patients were randomized to receive an initial analgesia with an early ultrasound-guided FNB or with standard pain management. The continuation of pain treatment followed standardized pain control guidelines until hospital discharge in both groups.

Outcome measure and analysis
The primary outcome was preoperative opioid consumption truncated 48h after triage time, and converted in morphine milligram intravenous equivalents (MME). Secondary outcomes were time to pain relief, time for regaining walk, opioid consumption and occurrence of opioid and FNB adverse effects during the hospital stay. Exploratory outcomes included ease and duration of the procedure.

Main results
We randomized 35 patients: 17 to standard pain management and 18 to ultrasound-guided FNB, among whom 30 patients completed the protocol. The median of preoperative opioid consumption was reduced by 60% in the ultrasound-guided FNB group compared to standard group [6 MME (3–9) vs. 15 MME (11–18)], with a consumption difference of 9 MME (95% CI: 3–14, P < 0.001). Throughout hospital stay, opioid consumption was reduced by 56% in the ultrasound-guided FNB group compared to standard group, with a consumption difference of 11.5 MME (95% CI: 0.5–22).Times to pain relief and for regaining walk did not differ between groups. Opioid adverse events occurrence were reduced by 40% (95% CI: 5.1–74.9) in the ultrasound-guided FNB group compared to standard group. No adverse effects of FNB have been detected.

Conclusion
Early ultrasound-guided FNB resulted in reducing preoperative opioid consumption, without delaying time to pain relief.
Differential survival of Brazilian patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with and without HIV infection
Authors: Ferreira Mariana P. , Thuler Luiz Claudio S. , Bergmann Anke , Soares Esmeralda A. , Soares Marcelo A. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Combinatorial antiretroviral therapy provided improvement of HIV patients’ immune function and a decrease in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common NHL forms affecting HIV+ patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of HIV infection on the prognosis of patients treated for DLBCL in a reference cancer treatment center in Brazil.

Methods:
A retrospective case–control study was developed with patients followed-up at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, in which 243 DLBCL patients (91 HIV+ and 152 HIV−) were enrolled. HIV− controls were matched to HIV+ according to date of cancer diagnosis, clinical staging, primary cancer treatment and date of birth. Sociodemographic and cancer treatment data were extracted from medical charts. Kaplan-Meier analyses were carried out to estimate survival, while univariate and multiple Cox regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with mortality.

Results:
A total of 98 deaths were observed in a 5-year period after cancer diagnosis. A negative association of HIV infection with both overall and disease-specific survival 1 year after cancer diagnosis was observed [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.98 and 1.96, respectively]. The negative association with HIV infection with disease-specific survival remained significant for a 5-year period after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.53). HIV viral load above 1000 copies/ml at study entry was also associated with shorter overall and cancer-specific survival.

Conclusions:
HIV infection negatively impacted prognosis and mortality of DLBCL patients irrespective of cancer-related clinical factors.
MEX-PD: A National Network for the Epidemiological & Genetic Research of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lázaro-Figueroa Alejandra , Reyes-Pérez Paula , Morelos-Figaredo Eugenia , Guerra-Galicia Carlos M. , Estrada-Bellmann Ingrid , Salinas-Barboza Karla , Matuk-Pérez Yamil , Gandarilla-Martínez Nadia A. , Caballero-Sánchez Ulises , Flores-Ocampo Victor , Montés-Alcántara Pablo , Espinosa-Méndez Ian M. , Zayas-Del Moral Alejandra , Gaspar-Martínez Edith , Vazquez-Guevara Damaris , Rodríguez-Violante Mayela , Inca-Martinez Miguel , Mata Ignacio F. , Alcauter Sarael , Rentería Miguel E. , Medina-Rivera Alejandra , Ruiz-Contreras Alejandra E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundParkinson’s Disease (PD) has a complex etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. Most of our current understanding of the disease comes from studies in populations with mostly European ancestry, representing challenges in generalizing findings to other populations with different genetic, social, and environmental contexts. There are scarce studies focused in Latin American populations. The Mexican population is genetically diverse because its admixture from Native American, European, and African ancestries, coupled with the unique environmental conditions, stressing the relevance of establishing genetic studies in this population. Thus, we have established theMexican Parkinson’s Research Network(MEX-PD), a consortium to research the clinical, genetical, environmental, and neurophysiological bases of the phenotypic diversity in Mexican PD patients.ObjectivesDescribing how MEX-PD was established, the methods and instruments and presenting the first results.MethodsPatients and controls were recruited from medical centers in 20 states of Mexico. Initial recruitment included neurological evaluation, cognitive assessment, and DNA collection.ResultsMEX-PD has registered 302 controls and 262 PD patients with a mean age of diagnosis of 61 years (SD=10.86). There were 19.8% PD patients identified with early onset. Levodopa was the most common pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsMEX-PD contributes to understand PD nationally. The information gathered here will allow us to understand the prevalence of mental health, neurological symptoms, and cognitive function in the PD Mexican population and how genetical and environmental factors contributes to those outcomes. These will advocate for personalized treatments and improving quality of life in the Mexican population.
Sparse Modeling of Genomic Landscape Identifies Pathogenic Processes and Therapeutic Targets in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Pu Mengchen , Tian Kai , Zheng Weisheng , Li Xiaorong , Fan Keyue , Zheng Liang , Zhou Jielong , Zhang Yingsheng 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and ranks as one of the most lethal and frequently detected disease in the world. It poses significant challenges for precision therapy. To better decipher the patterns of heterogeneous nature in human genome and converge them into common functionals, mutational signatures are introduced to define the types of DNA damage, repair and replicative mechanisms that shape the genomic landscape of each cancer patient.In this study, we developed a deep learning (DL) model, MetaWise 2.0, based on pruning technology that improved model generalization with deep sparsity. We applied it to patient samples from multiple sequencing studies, and identified statistically significant mutational signatures associated with metastatic progression using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). We also employed gene cumulative contribution abundance analysis to link the mutational signatures with relevant genes, which could unearth the shared molecular mechanisms behind tumorigenesis and metastasis of each patient and lead to novel therapeutic target identification.Our study illustrates that MetaWise 2.0 is an effective DL tool for discovering clinically meaningful mutational signatures in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and relating them directly to relevant biological functions and gene targets. These findings could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies and improve the clinical outcomes for individual patients.
Spatiotemporal development of the human T follicular helper cell response to Influenza vaccination
Authors: Schattgen Stefan A , Turner Jackson S. , Ghonim Mohamed A , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Schmitz Aaron J. , Kim Hyunjin , Zhou Julian Q. , Awad Walid , Kim Wooseob , McIntire Katherine M. , Haile Alem , Klebert Michael K. , Suessen Teresa , Middleton William D. , Teefey Sharlene A. , Presti Rachel M. , Ellebedy Ali H. , Thomas Paul G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers after influenza vaccination over two years to define evolution in the T follicular helper cell (TFH) response. We show LN TFH cells expanded in a clonal-manner during the first two weeks after vaccination and persisted within the LN for up to six months. LN and circulating TFH (cTFH) clonotypes overlapped but had distinct kinetics. LN TFH cell phenotypes were heterogeneous and mutable, first differentiating into pre-TFH during the month after vaccination before maturing into GC and IL-10+ TFH cells. TFH expansion, upregulation of glucose metabolism, and redifferentiation into GC TFH cells occurred with faster kinetics after re-vaccination in the second year. We identified several influenza-specific TFH clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza proteins, and show each TFH state is attainable within a lineage. This study demonstrates that human TFH cells form a durable and dynamic multi-tissue network.