bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between periodontitis and breast cancer: two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ding Ming , Zhang Zhonghua , Chen Zhu , Song Jukun , Wang Beichuan , Jin Fuqian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between periodontitis and breast cancer by Mendelian randomization analysis.

Materials and methods
We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly released genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. We applied complementary methods, including weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, MR-Egger regression, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) to detect and correct for the effect of horizontal pleiotropy.

Results
IVW MR analysis showed no effect of periodontitis on breast cancer (IVW OR=0.99, P =0.14). Similarly, no significant causal relationship between breast cancer and periodontitis was found in reverse MR analysis (IVW OR=0.95, P =0.83). The results of MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were consistent with those of the IVW method. Based on sensitivity analyses, horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to distort causal estimates.

Conclusions
Although observational studies have reported an association between periodontitis and breast cancer, the results of our MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between periodontitis and breast cancer.

Clinical relevance
Mendelian randomization study can more clearly analyze the causal relationship between periodontitis and breast cancer, in order to provide a certain reference for clinicians and deepen the understanding of the relationship between periodontitis and breast cancer, to explore more possible associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
The Renaissance of Mixed Forests? New Insights Into Shifts in Tree Dominance and Composition Following Centuries of Human-induced Simplification of Iberian Forests
Authors: Sánchez de Dios Rut , DeSoto Lucía , Cortón Blanca , Hernández Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnthropic activities have modelled and simplified southern European forest landscapes for centuries. Over recent decades, new drivers related to human-mediated global change have induced the redistribution of tree species and an increase in more complex forests. However, the current large-scale patterns and drivers of these changes are yet to be fully described for the Mediterranean Basin. In this frame, this work identifies and examines changes in dominance and composition from pure to mixed forests across bioclimatic gradients and forest types in Iberian forests over recent decades based on data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory from 1960 to 2020. Then, considering different environmental, anthropic, and disturbance variables we also identify some of the most important drivers associated with the shifts observed from 1986 to 2020. Our results confirm an ongoing increase in mixed forests involving the replacement of conifers by broadleaved species. These shifts are greater in the Atlantic biogeoregion and in pure broadleaved deciduous forests. Climate warming-associated disturbances such as drought severity together with land use legacies and forest types showed the strongest relationships with the observed changes in the studied forests. Our results support the premise put forward by palaeoecologists which states that the increase in tree mixtures is a natural process reversing the historical human-induced simplification of Iberian forests. The increasing importance of mixed forest in southern Europe makes decisive the revision of forest classifications as well as forest management and conservation plans in order to include these increasingly abundant novel stands in forest policies.
A dynamic causal modeling of the second outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy
Authors: Bilancia Massimo , Vitale Domenico , Manca Fabio , Perchinunno Paola , Santacroce Luigi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 is having its positive impact, we retrospectively analyze the causal impact of some decisions made by the Italian government on the second outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy, when no vaccine was available. First, we analyze the causal impact of reopenings after the first lockdown in 2020. In addition, we also analyze the impact of reopening schools in September 2020. Our results provide an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the causal relationship between the relaxation of restrictions and the transmission in the community of a highly contagious respiratory virus that causes severe illness in the absence of prophylactic vaccination programs. We present a purely data-analytic approach based on a Bayesian methodology and discuss possible interpretations of the results obtained and implications for policy makers.
Sex Education in Italy: An Overview of 15 Years of Projects in Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Lo Moro Giuseppina , Bert Fabrizio , Cappelletti Toni , Elhadidy Heba Safwat Mhmoued Abdo , Scaioli Giacomo , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSchool-based sex education is essential to improve the knowledge and behavior of young people. Unlike most European countries, sex education in Italy is not compulsory in the school curriculum. Therefore, to assess potential gaps, the main aim of this study was to explore Italian regional initiatives about sex education. A review of gray literature from 2006 to 2021 was conducted in December 2021 on national databases and institutional websites of each Italian region, during which official documents on regional sex education programs were selected. Moreover, a rapid systematic review was carried out in scientific databases to find more information. For both reviews, the sex education topics recommended by UNESCO were used for extracting and analyzing data. A total of 12 Italian regions out of 20 had at least one sex education program, for a total of 39 projects. Overall, all the topics identified by UNESCO have been covered, with considerable differences between northern, central, and southern Italy. Contraception, love, marriage, partnerships, and family were the main topics discussed (hosted in 92% of the regions). Only 25% of the regions discussed pregnancy and birth. Disability was the least debated topic (17%). The rapid systematic review showed that relevant improvements were achieved after sex education interventions. In conclusion, this study underlined important limitations to the implementation of school-based sex education in Italy. Hence, it is necessary to increase sex education interventions to reach adequate standards and flatten the differences not only between Italian regions but also between Italy and other European countries.
Optimal control problems with $$L^0(\Omega )$$ constraints: maximum principle and proximal gradient method
Authors: Wachsmuth Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate optimal control problems with $$L^0$$

L
0

constraints, which restrict the measure of the support of the controls. We prove necessary optimality conditions of Pontryagin maximum principle type. Here, a special control perturbation is used that respects the $$L^0$$

L
0

constraint. First, the maximum principle is obtained in integral form, which is then turned into a pointwise form. In addition, an optimization algorithm of proximal gradient type is analyzed. Under some assumptions, the sequence of iterates contains strongly converging subsequences, whose limits are feasible and satisfy a subset of the necessary optimality conditions.
We Are Displaced, But We Are More Than That: Using Anarchist Principles to Materialize Capitalism’s Cracks at Sites of Contemporary Forced Displacement in Europe
Authors: Kiddey Rachael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article charts the development of The Made in Migration Collective, a coalition of displaced people, academics, and creative professionals that was developed during a recently completed British Academy postdoctoral fellowship. Following discussion of how archaeology and heritage are under attack globally from far-right nationalism and specifically within the UK, I provide examples of how community archaeology can highlight fissures in capitalism. I follow others in interpreting anarchism as a potential form of care. Two public heritage exhibitions – one digital, one “live”—which were collaboratively produced by The Made in Migration Collective are reflected upon.
Co-Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Distress and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: Associations with Self-Harm and Suicide Attempts
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Griffiths Helen , Murray Aja Louise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGrowing evidence has suggested that parental mental illness and child internalizing and externalizing problems tend to co-occur and engender risk for adverse child outcomes; however, there is considerable heterogeneity in their joint developmental trajectories. This study aimed to evaluate the joint developmental trajectories of maternal and paternal psychological distress and child internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood to middle adolescence. Given that suicide and self-harm are major public health issues in adolescence and often occur in the context of other mental health issues, we also examined the association between these joint trajectories and these outcomes in adolescence. Parallel-process latent class growth analysis was applied to 14 years of follow-up data from a large-scale, nationally representative sample of youths participating in the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; n = 12,520, 50.9% male). Results showed the best-fitting solution had four trajectory classes: (1) low symptoms, 59.0%; (2) moderate symptoms in children, 22.5%; (3) notable symptoms in fathers, 10.7%; and (4) co-occurring maternal and child symptoms, 7.8%. The trajectory groups differed in their self-harm and suicide attempts in adolescence, underscoring the possible importance of the roles of both parental distress and child problem behaviors processes in these outcomes. Future studies will be valuable to rigorously test the directionality and the respective roles of parents and children in this association. Our findings suggest the need for two-generation mental health intervention programs that are tailored based on co-developmental trajectory group membership.
The profile of extreme tension wave front in aluminum
Authors: Lim Seokbin , Kennedy James , Chavira Angel , Hirsch Matthew , Wei Tie , Ryu Donghyeon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, the extreme tension wave front profile (pull speed up to 1.6 km/s) in pure aluminum (density 2.7 $$\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$$

g
/

cm

3

) is analyzed using the LAMMPS molecular dynamics (MD) code and based on the tension conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The simulation results agree favorably with the theoretical calculation. The profile of the extreme tension wave front is observed from the MD code simulation, and a typical shockless ramp wave front formation is identified during forced extreme tension loading. Further analysis was accomplished based on the formation of the ramp wave front, illustrating the behavior of the isentrope of aluminum under extreme tension loading.
Superfluid Drain Vortex
Authors: Ruffenach Wandrille , Galantucci Luca , Barenghi Carlo F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrain vortices are among the most common vortices observed in everyday life, yet their physics is complex due to the competition of vorticity’s transport and diffusion, and the presence of viscous layers and a free surface. Recently, it has become possible to study experimentally drain vortices in liquid helium II, a quantum fluid whose physics is characterised by the absence of viscosity and the quantisation of the circulation in the superfluid component. Using the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we make a simple model of the problem which captures the essential physics ingredients, showing that the drain vortex of a pure superfluid consists of a bundle of vortex lines which, in the presence of a radial drain, twist, thus strengthening the axial flow into the drain.
Ultrasonic and Impact-Echo Testing for the Detection of Scaling in Geothermal Pipelines
Authors: Stüwe Isabelle , Zacherl Lilly , Grosse Christian U. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe efficiency and longevity of components in geothermal plants are significantly reduced by mineral deposition in pipes, also known as scaling [1]. A number of methods are used to monitor fouling (a broader term for all types of organic and inorganic deposition) in other industries, such as the oil, gas and food industries. These include direct and indirect, offline, in-situ and online, as well as inline methods, each of which have pros and cons [2, 3]. An effective monitoring solution specific to the high temperature conditions in geothermal plants, which optimises maintenance and cleaning measures in dependency of scaling, has yet to be developed. In this paper, two non-destructive testing techniques: contact ultrasonic testing (UT) and impact-echo (IE) testing are investigated in their viability as methods to detect scaling growth in geothermal plants. A descaling measurement was conducted on a heavily scaled segment of an obsolete pipeline from the production well of the geothermal power plant in Sauerlach, Germany. The pipeline segment was inserted in a test rig and the scaling was gradually etched away using an acidic solution. At regular time intervals, the scaling thickness was measured mechanically and contact UT as well as IE measurements were carried out. The testing apparatus was designed to withstand high temperatures ($${140}\,^{\circ }{\text {C}}$$140∘Cat the inlet pipe surface) and to be easy to install whilst being cost-efficient. Both techniques yielded usable results with submillimeter resolution. The advantages and limitations of the two methods are discussed. Impact-echo testing, in particular, can be automated and presents a simple and cost-efficient scaling monitoring option.
Addressing Ethnic Differences in the Validity of Self-reported Criminal Behaviour Through a Social Desirability Measure
Authors: Bezemer Willemijn E. , Born Marise Ph. , Leerkes Arjen S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Self-reported criminal behaviour has the potential to provide clearer insights into patterns of criminality compared to using police statistics. The risk of inaccurate responses however forms a major obstacle to its validity. This study therefore examines underreporting bias of self-reported criminal behaviour among five ethnic groups and compares different methods to facilitate the creation of valid intergroup comparisons.

Methods
This study includes data from the Monitor on Youthful Delinquency (N = 6,218) which was connected to police suspect registrations. To identify patterns of underreporting, we compared self-reported and police recorded crime with a social desirability measure, which was adjusted to be invariant across ethnic groups. Three different methods to correct for underreporting bias were subsequently compared; partialling out the effect of social desirability, listwise deletion, and a novel technique which we named Social Desirability based Score Replacement (SDSR).

Results
The study reveals that police suspects with a high social desirability score display a low likelihood to self-report crime when they have an ethnic minority background, but not when they have a native Dutch background or when they have a moderate to low social desirability score. This finding points towards systematic differences in underreporting bias. Model outcomes are shown to be significantly impacted depending on the method that is used to address this issue.

Conclusion
Neglecting to correct underreporting-bias hinders the validity of intergroup comparisons of self-reported criminal behaviour. The inclusion of a social desirability measure is therefore recommended to help identify and correct underreporting bias, particularly through the use of SDSR.
Consistent Theories in Inconsistent Logics
Authors: Mangraviti Franci , Tedder Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe relationship between logics with sets of theorems including contradictions (“inconsistent logics”) and theories closed under such logics is investigated. It is noted that if we take “theories” to be defined in terms of deductive closure understood in a way somewhat different from the standard, Tarskian, one, inconsistent logics can have consistent theories. That is, we can find some sets of formulas the closure of which under some inconsistent logic need not contain any contradictions. We prove this in a general setting for a family of relevant connexive logics, extract the essential features of the proof in order to obtain a sufficient condition for the consistency of a theory in arbitrary logics, and finally consider some concrete examples of consistent mathematical theories in Abelian logic. The upshot is that on this way of understanding deductive closure, common to relevant logics, there is a rich and interesting kind of interaction between inconsistent logics and their theories. We argue that this suggests an important avenue for investigation of inconsistent logics, from both a technical and a philosophical perspective.
Seismic forward modeling of acoustic surface-related order-separated multiples
Authors: Wang Zhong-Sheng , Su Wu-Que , Li Yong-Xin , Li Zhong-Sheng , Hu Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeismic surface-related multiples have become a hot topic of great significance due to the buried geological information provided by broader illumination areas than primaries. In recent years, researchers attempt to extract the hidden hint of multiples rather than treating them as noise and eliminating them directly. The elimination methods, e.g., the surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) and the inverse scattering series free-surface multiple elimination (ISS-FSME), may be affected by the overlapping or proximity of primaries and multiples. Typical imaging methods, e.g., the reverse time migration (RTM) and the least-square reverse time migration (LSRTM), suffer severe crosstalk artifacts from multiples of inappropriate order and smooth migration velocities. To study the characteristics of primaries and surface-related multiples, whether for elimination or imaging, we propose a forward modeling method of acoustic surface-related order-separated multiples established on the areal/virtual source assumption. The free surface is replaced with an absorbing surface under the dipole source approximation and the ghost creation approach. We present two reflection operators to approximate the reflection at the free surface and apply them to the areal source to obtain ideal results. Numerical experiments on three models prove the effectiveness of the proposed forward modeling method of acoustic surface-related order-separated multiples.
Multibody dynamics and optimal control for optimizing spinal exoskeleton design and support
Authors: Harant Monika , Näf Matthias B. , Mombaur Katja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the industrial work environment, spinal exoskeletons can assist workers with heavy lifting tasks by reducing the needed muscle activity. However, the requirements for the design and control of such an exoskeleton to optimally support users with different body builds and movement styles are still open research questions. Thus, extensive testing on the human body is needed, requiring a lot of different sophisticated prototypes that subjects can wear for several hours. To facilitate this development process, we use multibody dynamics combined with optimal control to optimize the support profile of an existing prototype and evaluate a new design concept (DC) that includes motors at the hip joint. A dynamic model of the prototype was developed, including its passive elements with torque generation that accounts for potential misalignment. The human-robot interaction was simulated and optimized in an all-at-once approach. The parameters that describe the characteristics of the passive elements (including beam radius, spring pretension, length of the lever arm, radius of profile) and, in the case of DC, the torque profiles of the motors were optimized. Limits on interaction forces ensured that the exoskeleton remains comfortable to wear. Simulations without the exoskeleton allowed comparing the user’s actuation concerning joint moment and muscle activation. Our results agree well with experimental data using the prototype, making it a useful tool to optimize exoskeleton design and support and evaluate the effect of different actuation systems, mass distributions, and comfort requirements.
Efficient simulation strategy to design a safer motorcycle
Authors: Maier Steffen , Fehr Jörg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work presents models and simulations of a numerical strategy for a time and cost-efficient virtual product development of a novel passive safety restraint concept for motorcycles. It combines multiple individual development tasks in an aggregated procedure. The strategy consists of three successive virtual development stages with a continuously increasing level of detail and expected fidelity in multibody and finite element simulation environments. The results show what is possible with an entirely virtual concept study—based on the clever combination of multibody dynamics and nonlinear finite elements—that investigates the structural behavior and impact dynamics of the powered two-wheeler with the safety systems and the rider’s response. The simulations show a guided and controlled trajectory and deceleration of the motorcycle rider, resulting in fewer critical biomechanical loads on the rider compared to an impact with a conventional motorcycle. The numerical research strategy outlines a novel procedure in virtual motorcycle accident research with different levels of computational effort and model complexity aimed at a step-by-step validation of individual components in the future.
Bioimpedance basics and phase angle fundamentals
Authors: Ward Leigh C. , Brantlov Steven 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMeasurement of phase angle using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has become popular as an index of so-called “cellular health”. What precisely is meant by this term is not always clear but strong relationships have been found between cellular water status (the relative amounts of extra- and intracellular water), cell membrane integrity and cellular mass. Much of the current research is empirical observation and frequently pays little regard to the underlying biophysical models that underpin the BIA technique or attempts to provide mechanistic explanations for the observations. This brief review seeks to provide a basic understanding of the electrical models frequently used to describe the passive electrical properties of tissues with particular focus on phase angle. In addition, it draws attention to some practical concerns in the measurement of phase angle and notes the additional understanding that can be gained when phase angle are obtained with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) rather than single frequency BIA (SFBIA) along with the potential for simulation modelling.