bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Knowledge on Nutrition and The Case of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Hermansyah Anang , Danianto Ario , Cholidah Rifana 
Published: January 2025

Anemia is a condition when the body's hemoglobin levels decrease. Hemoglobin serves as a carrier of oxygen throughout the body. Pregnant women are one of the populations most susceptible to anemia because their bodies' nutritional and physiological needs change throughout pregnancy. One factor influencing the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women is a lack of knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the anemia case, the level of knowledge, and the relationship between the level of knowledge about nutrition and the anemia case in pregnant women. The type of research conducted is an observational analytical research with a cross sectional approach and uses Spearman rank data analysis with a sample size of 33 respondents. The results of the study showed that the anemia case was 63.6%, the level of knowledge of respondents was dominated by a low level of knowledge, and there was no relationship between the level of knowledge about nutrition and the anemia case in pregnant women with a significance value of 0.578% and had a weak relationship with a correlation value of 0.101%.
Isolation and Identification of Biosurfactantproducing Bacteria from the Aerobic Pond of Oil Palm Liquid Waste at PT. Aek Loba Plantation
Authors: Andini Diah Ayu , Rasyidah Rasyidah , Mayasari Ulfayani 
Published: January 2025

Biosurfactants are natural surfactants derived from bacteria which can degrade oil content in soil or water. Most of these biosurfactant-producing bacteria are often found in areas polluted by oil and grease, such as aerobic ponds of palm oil liquid waste. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify biosurfactant-producing bacteria from aerobic ponds of palm oil wastewater at PT. Aek Loba Plantation. This research was conducted using descriptive and identification methods through emulsification tests, morphological characterization, gram staining, biochemical tests, and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) methods for bacteria that had the highest emulsification index values. Based on the results of the emulsification test, it was found that 8 biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates consisted of 6 bacterial genera and 1 bacterial species that had different emulsification indexes, namely 1 Citrobacter genus isolate (30%), 1 Enterobacter genus bacterial isolate (42.2%) , 2 isolates from the genus Eschericia (35.9% and 36.5%), 1 isolate from the genus Pseudomonas (32%), 1 isolate from the genus Micrococcus (37.5%), 1 isolate from the genus Bacillus, and 1 species of bacteria Klebsiella variicola (42.8%) which is a biosurfactant producing bacteria that has the highest emulsification index value.
Reproductive Aspects of Scad Fish (Decapterus macarellus) Landed at The Fish Landing Base of Tanjung Luar, East Lombok
Authors: Winata I Gede Darma , Karnan Karnan , Mahrus Mahrus 
Published: January 2025

Scad fish (Decapterus macarellus) is a fish of important economic value, this fish is the main target of fishermen in Tanjung Luar East Lombok but information about its existence biologically has never been research.This study intended to analyze the reproductive aspects of the scad fish landed at PPI Tanjung Luar, East Lombok, based on sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad maturity level, gonad weight, and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI). The sampling technique was quota implemented to get 270 scad fish from March to May 2024. Simple regression linear was applied to analyze the relationship between length and weight of scad fish. This research showed that: 1) the sex ratio of scad fish in the study site was varied, that is 0.58:1; 0.88:1; and 0.58:1 for in March, April, and May respectively, 2) the growth pattern of scad fish in the study site is negative allometric, 3) the gonad's maturity stages dominated by stage of I and II, This shows that the kite fish is still in an immature condition. and 4) the gonadal somatic index indicates that the fish can spawn more than once a year.
The 1968 Political Generation in Turkey: Memory and (Re)imagining of Icons from International Leftist Movements
Authors: Aydoğan Cemre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the memory of Turkey’s 1968 political generation by exploring their perceptions of the international left, particularly focusing on influential icons or heroes of socialist movements. Through interviews with participants in the 1968 protests, the research reveals a predominant reverence for the Soviet icons, despite their acknowledged flaws. This idealization of Soviet figures aligns with a broader pattern in which collective memory in Turkey connects with global revolutionary narratives that emphasize universal ideals of revolutionary movements, solidarity, and social justice, independent of national contexts. However, in Turkey, these global narratives are often centered around the Soviet Union, which is framed as an “evil ideology” within official history. The study further explores how ideological divisions within the global left—such as between Soviet and Maoist communism—shaped local memory practices.
The June 1985 Withdrawal That Never Was
Authors: Kaufman Asher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article revisits the 1983 Israel-Lebanon Agreement using new archival material, mainly from the Israel State Archives, with three main goals. First, it demonstrates the centrality of the agreement for Israeli schemes in Lebanon and argues that Israeli demands during the negotiations shed new light on its decision to stay in Lebanon in June 1985, despite the government decision of January 1985 to withdraw to the international border. Second, it reconsiders Syria's ‘veto power’ over the agreement given Israel's objectives to establish a security zone in south Lebanon. Finally, by using new archival evidence, it completes our historical knowledge about the road to the agreement and its aftermath.
The Conditions for Creating the Varying Image of Middle Eastern and North African Jews in Israel in the 1950s
Authors: Guedj David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the personal diary of Dr. Michael Simon, the first chief of protocol for Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, that he wrote in April 1955 during his visit to Morocco. The diary raises questions about the beliefs, perceptions, stances, and images that prevailed among European Jews in Israel vis-à-vis Middle Eastern and North African Jews during the first decade of the State of Israel's existence. I propose that Simon's outlook on Moroccan Jewry was complex, integrative, and free of stereotypes. Analyzing Simon's case enables an exploration of the conditions that informed his views of Morocco's Jews, conditions that were manifested in different ways by most of the Israelis of European heritage whose writings dealt with Middle East and North Africa Jews and their descendants in Israel.
An investigation of the impact of leadership practices on student learning and development outcomes in Singapore schools
Authors: Goh Jonathan , Salleh Hairon 
Published: January 2025

Policymakers and the public in many developed countries have demanded for greater public school accountability in the hope of improving academic and non-academic school outcomes, as well as decreasing the achievement gaps among subpopulations of students (Heck & Moriyama, 2010). In response, there has been a growing conversation amongst educational practitioners and researchers on how educational leadership might be linked to effective teaching, and student learning and ‘achievement’ outcomes. Educational-effectiveness researchers have attempted to link (directly and/or indirect) existing research with theory about educational processes to identify contextual, school factors (including leadership), and classroom factors (including teacher effectiveness) to student learning and ‘achievement’ outcomes (Creemers, 1994; Creemers & Kyriakides, 2008; Heck & Moriyama, 2010; Leithwood & Mascall, 2008; Scheerens, 1990, 1992; Stringfield & Slavin, 1992; Teddlie & Reynolds, 2000).
It is clear that the ‘Principal as the sole decision maker’ conception of leadership and bureaucratic organizational structures are no longer consistent with the new school leadership climate (Pearce & Conger, 2003). Proponents of this view have argued that a dispersed form of leadership is thought to enhance opportunities for the organization to benefit from the capacities of more of its members rather than a single leader (Leithwood & Mascall, 2008).
A pan‐tumor review of the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors
Authors: Hage Chehade Chadi , Gebrael Georges , Sayegh Nicolas , Ozay Zeynep Irem , Narang Arshit , Crispino Tony , Golan Talia , Litton Jennifer K. , Swami Umang , Moore Kathleen N. , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPoly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications. This review offers a comprehensive clinical overview of PARP inhibitor approvals, emphasizing their efficacy across different cancers based on landmark phase 3 clinical trials.
Stages of Historical Development of Azerbaijan Education System: From the 19th Century to the Period of Independence
Authors: Gurbanova Gulnara 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research paper is to study the main stages of Azerbaijan education system’s historical development from the 19th century to the period of independence by analyzing key educational reforms and their impact in different eras, including Tsarist Russia, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and various Soviet periods, emphasizing their contribution to the cultural and intellectual development of the nation.
The scientific novelty is in the comprehensive analysis of the development of Azerbaijan education system over several historical periods. Summarizing various sources and exploring little-known reforms and regional specificities, the complex relationship between political changes and educational policy is uncovered, bringing a new perspective on the evolution of the educational landscape of Azerbaijan.
Conclusions. The historical development of the education system in Azerbaijan has been marked by significant transformations under the influence of various political, social, and economic changes. Each stage has contributed much to the evolution of educational policy and infrastructure from the tsarist era to the period of independence. The tsarist period laid the foundation for secular education, combining traditional and up-to-date subjects. That era was marked by introducing the Russian language and culture into the local education system.
The period of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic led to important reforms aimed at creating a national education system. Establishing Baku State University and supporting students studying abroad enhanced the nation’s intellectual and cultural growth.
Under Soviet rule, significant progress was made in expanding access to education and increasing literacy rates. The Soviet emphasis on education led to the establishment of numerous schools and higher education institutions, although it also imposed ideological restrictions that affected the content and trends of study programs.
The collapse of the USSR necessitated the creation of a national education system free from Soviet influence, which laid the foundation for future achievements.
In general, the evolution of the education system in Azerbaijan reflects a complex interaction of external influences and internal reforms. Each historical period has contributed to forming a solid educational base, laying the foundation for further progress after gaining independence. Understanding the history is crucial for assessing the current state of education in Azerbaijan and planning its future development.
Духовенство Сумської єпархії в умовах соціальних трансформацій пізнього сталінізму
Authors: Olitskyi Viacheslav 
Published: January 2025

Метою статті є аналіз структури, становища та визначення основних тенденцій у середовищі православного духовенства Сумської єпархії, стратегій адаптації до нових реалій, вивчення його ролі та впливу на соціокультурні та релігійні процеси у регіоні в умовах соціальних трансформацій пізнього сталінізму (1944-1953 рр.).
Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше духовенство Сумської єпархії періоду пізнього сталінізму стало об’єктом окремого наукового дослідження.
Висновки. У 1944-1953 рр. духовенство Сумської єпархії вимушене було обирати стратегії прилаштування до нових суспільно-політичних умов. За даний час Сумську кафедру очолювали три архієреї. Кількість священників не була сталою, відзначалася тенденція скорочення їх кількості. Серед найпоширеніших причин залишення пастирської діяльності було зарахування за штат. Це пов’язано, у першу чергу, із значною кількістю священників похилого віку та тяжким матеріальним становищем. Понад 70% духовенства було віком понад 70 років. З метою забезпечення вакантних місць на парафіях, правлячі архієреї практикували висвяти із числа віруючих, які не мали духовної освіти, а часто і належної світської. Це хоча і давало можливість утримувати необхідну кількість священників, проте їхній рівень був досить низьким, що негативно відзначалося на релігійному житті. Типовим явищем для єпархії були часті переміщення священнослужителів між парафіями.
Відзначається у цілому низький рівень матеріального становища священників, особливо у сільських парафіях, яких була переважна більшість. Попри матеріальні труднощі, духовенство вимушене було сплачувати податки й інші платежі. Незважаючи на такі умови, священики відігравали важливу роль у житті віруючих, забезпечуючи їх духовно-релігійні потреби, проводячи пастирське служіння, в міру своїх можливостей проповідуючи Святе Євангеліє, здійснюючи богослужіння, виконуючі релігійні треби.
Yugoslav Requisition Policy in Kosovo (1945-1952)
Authors: Carani Blerim 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research paper is to study the requisition policy in the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, through which a campaign to collect agricultural and livestock products was implemented and transformed into a system of measures aimed at stabilizing the state.
The scientific novelty. Using the example of Kosovo, various aspects and specific types of implementation of the requisition policy are studied, emphasizing the state’s role in its pursuit.
Conclusions. After the end of World War II, the Yugoslav government implemented a planned economy, one element of which was the ‘requisition’ policy. The campaign to collect agricultural and livestock products was performed in all regions of the state, but the rural population of Kosovo, which made up 85% of the total population of the region, suffered the most from it.
The requisition was planned and performed for the following reasons: 1. The initial proclamation of the requisition policy on behalf of the army and police; 2. Seizure of products in the name of brotherhood, unity, and state rebuilding; 3. In the name of assistance to underdeveloped and passive regions; 4. The need to provide for state institutions; 5. The need to create a reserve export fund with neighboring communist countries to exchange agricultural products for industrial goods.
The mandatory seizure was initially focused on white wheat and then was spread to other agricultural and livestock products. Kosovo peasants had no benefits (the author did not find such documents in the archives) and were not exempted from requisitions (facts of exemption from requisitions are found in Albania, Macedonia, and some other states). At the same time, for the entire period from 1947 to 1965, Kosovo received only 2.3% of gross investments, which was the lowest rate of all regions of Yugoslavia.
Was requisition a necessity or an obligation? Failure to fulfill plans on the ground and increased demand for agricultural products forced the state to provide constant clarifications, orders, and additional acts with which it regulated and improved the requisition policy. State bodies did not have realistic plans for the volume of requisitions and social distribution. At the same time, the requisition process did not depend exclusively on the executing bodies and their actions. The problem was the lack of food supplies, losing of producers’ interest in increasing agricultural productivity, and, as a result, a decline in production. Implementing of the requisition policy did not produce tangible and expected results, but turned into severe social and economic consequences.
The Political Role of Jordan in the Arab League, 1946-1951 (on materials of Egyptian Press)
Authors: Mahamoud Ayman 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of research paper is to shed light on the political role played by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan within the Arab League during the reign of King Abdullah I 1946-1951. The study analyses Jordan’s stance on shared Arab issues, particularly the Palestinian cause, by examining coverage in the Egyptian press.
The scientific novelty of the research paper is study utilizes rare Egyptian press materials to analyze Jordan’s political role in the Arab League, offering a unique perspective on its positions and interactions. It examines Jordan’s stance on the Palestinian cause and its leadership within the League, highlighting the political dynamics of the time.
Conclusions. The political and military role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the Palestinian cause was pivotal both before and after the war. Under the leadership of King Abdullah I, Jordan emerged as a vital center for Arab efforts, uniting positions and collaborating with Arab states to support Palestine in the face of numerous challenges. Despite international and regional pressures, the Kingdom maintained a steadfast position in supporting the Palestinian cause, achieving strong coordination with Arab countries despite occasional disagreements.
This role was manifested through active participation in political and military events, particularly in the Arab conference aimed at fostering Arab unity to counter Zionist ambitions, while steadfastly rejecting the partition of Palestine. Jordan’s position was not limited to supporting Palestine; it also extended to opposing political projects that threatened the future of the Arab nation.
The Egyptian press documented Jordan’s role, offering both support and criticism, influenced by Egypt-Jordan rivalries. During the 1948 Palestine War, Jordan showcased its political and military strength, with Amman becoming a hub for Arab movements. However, Egyptian press coverage was often biased, reflecting political competition. Despite King Abdullah’s push for Arab unity, regional challenges hindered his goals.
Amidst political transformations, Jordanian-Arab relations faced numerous challenges, especially regarding the representation of Palestinian Arabs and projects for Arab unity. Despite Jordan’s efforts to achieve Arab unity under King Abdullah’s leadership, conflicting interests hindered its realization, weakening Arab coordination at times. Nevertheless, these challenges serve as a testament to Jordan’s unwavering commitment to the Palestinian cause and its resilience in facing political and regional challenges.
Вшанування пам’яті Тараса Шевченка 22 травня 1972 р. у розпал генерального погрому українського дисидентства
Authors: Paska Bohdan 
Published: January 2025

Мета статті – комплексний і всебічний аналіз дисидентської акції щодо вшанування пам’яті Тараса Шевченка 22 травня 1972 р. у контексті загального посилення владного тиску на український національний рух.
Наукова новизна. На основі раніше засекреченої документації Комітету державної безпеки та Центрального комітету Комуністичної партії України удосконалено аналіз феномену шевченківських акцій українських дисидентів як методу боротьби проти політики радянського режиму. Вперше вивчено підготовку дисидентського середовища до акції у 1972 р. та профілактичні заходи з боку влади; з’ясовано хід самого вшанування пам’яті Кобзаря та реакцію силових структур режиму; проаналізовано репресії проти учасників шевченківської акції та їх подальший вплив на становище українського дисидентського руху.
Висновки. Щорічні вшанування пам’яті Т. Шевченка 22 травня представниками дисидентського середовища та національно свідомими громадянами у 1960-х – на початку 1970-х рр. відігравали роль важливого символу руху спротиву національній політиці радянського режиму, спрямованої на зросійщення українців. Після січневих арештів 1972 р. у середовищі українського дисидентського руху окремі його учасники вирішили не відмовлятися від цієї традиції. Силові структури радянського режиму в травні 1972 р. провели ретельну профілактичну роботу для недопущення шевченківської акції. Незважаючи на дії влади, 22 травня 1972 р. біля пам’ятника Кобзарю в Києві відбувся досить велелюдний мітинг за участю як мінімум 150 осіб, який супроводжувався покладанням квітів, співанням українських пісень і демонстративною непокорою міліції. Представники силових структур жорстко розігнали дисидентську демонстрацію, затримавши більше 70-ти осіб.
У наступні тижні та місяці влада посилила ідеологічну кампанію проти «українського буржуазного націоналізму», а працівники КДБ провели таємну роботу щодо виявлення учасників акції та їх «оперативної перевірки». Режим прагнув залякати представників дисидентського середовища, не допустити поширення їх впливу на молоде покоління українців. Дії КДБ і міліції були складовою загального посилення тиску на український дисидентський рух у часи «генерального погрому», мали на меті повне придушення громадської активності національно свідомих громадян. Небайдужим українцям таки вдалося провести шевченківську акцію в 1972 р. навіть в умовах посилення репресивного тиску. Проте брутальний розгін мітингу мав своїм наслідком фактичне припинення цієї дисидентської традиції вшанування пам’яті Кобзаря в наступні роки та десятиліття.