bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCOG 2.0 Guidelines for Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods, Overview, and Principles
Authors: Bayley Mark Theodore , Janzen Shannon , Harnett Amber , Teasell Robert , Patsakos Eleni , Marshall Shawn , Bragge Peter , Velikonja Diana , Kua Ailene , Douglas Jacinta , Togher Leanne , Ponsford Jennie , McIntyre Amanda 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in complex cognitive sequelae. Despite hundreds of clinical trials in cognitive rehabilitation, the translation of these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge. Clinical practice guidelines are one solution. The objective of this initiative was to reconvene the international group of cognitive researchers and clinicians (known as INCOG) to develop INCOG 2.0: Guidelines for Cognitive Rehabilitation Following TBI.

Methods:
The guidelines adaptation and development cycle was used to update the recommendations and derive new ones. The team met virtually and reviewed the literature published since the original INCOG (2014) to update the recommendations and decision algorithms. The team then prioritized the recommendations for implementation and modified the audit tool accordingly to allow for the evaluation of adherence to best practices.

Results:
In total, the INCOG update contains 80 recommendations (25 level A, 15 level B, and 40 level C) of which 27 are new. Recommendations developed for posttraumatic amnesia, attention, memory, executive function and cognitive-communication are outlined in other articles, whereas this article focuses on the overarching principles of care for which there are 38 recommendations pertaining to: assessment (10 recommendations), principles of cognitive rehabilitation (6 recommendations), medications to enhance cognition (10 recommendations), teleassessment (5 recommendations), and telerehabilitation intervention (7 recommendations). One recommendation was supported by level A evidence, 7 by level B evidence, and all remaining recommendations were level C evidence. New to INCOG are recommendations for telehealth-delivered cognitive assessment and rehabilitation. Evidence-based clinical algorithms and audit tools for evaluating the state of current practice are also provided.

Conclusions:
Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation guided by these recommendations should be offered to individuals with TBI. Despite the advancements in TBI rehabilitation research, further high-quality studies are needed to better understand the role of cognitive rehabilitation in improving patient outcomes after TBI.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Robot-Assisted Surgery for Rectal Cancers
Authors: Park Jun Seok , Lee Sung Min , Choi Gyu-Seog , Park Soo Yeun , Kim Hye Jin , Song Seung Ho , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Kim Seon Hahn , Lee Kang Young 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To evaluate whether robotic for middle or low rectal cancer produces an improvement in surgical outcomes compared with laparoscopic surgery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Background:
There is a lack of proven clinical benefit of robotic total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with a laparoscopic approach in the setting of multicenter RCTs.

Methods:
Between July 2011 and February 2016, patients diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma located <10 cm from the anal verge and clinically rated T1-4aNxM0 were enrolled. The primary outcome was the completeness of TME assessed by a surgeon and a pathologist.

Results:
The RCT was terminated prematurely because of poor accrual of data. In all, 295 patients were assigned randomly to a robot-assisted TME group (151 in R-TME) or a laparoscopy-assisted TME group (144 in L-TME). The rates of complete TME were not different between groups (80.7% in R-TME, 77.1% in L-TME). Pathologic outcomes including the circumferential resection margin and the numbers of retrieved lymph nodes were not different between groups. In a subanalysis, the positive circumferential resection margin rate was lower in the R-TME group (0% vs 6.1% for L-TME; P=0.031). Among the recovery parameters, the length of opioid use was shorter in the R-TME group (P=0.028). There was no difference in the postoperative complication rate between the groups (12.0% for R-TME vs 8.3% for L-TME).

Conclusions:
In patients with middle or low rectal cancer, robotic-assisted surgery did not significantly improve the TME quality compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT01042743).
Risk Factors for Traumatic Brain Injury in Men and Women
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah , Vanichkina Ekaterina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study covers the current status of TBI and provides a statistical recommendation to health organizations in the world.DesignA retrospective analytical study. The descriptive results showed that a difference exists between males and females and for these reasons the sample was divided into two groups according to the primary descriptive statistics. The first group included 212 (31.59 %) females, while the second group included 459 (68.40%) males.SettingAssess the risk factors for TBI in both sexes and compare them with the results of international studies.ParticipantsThe study involved 671 patients for the period from 07/01/2017-17/12/2018. The primary data were collected from the republic hospital.InterventionsRetrospectively analysed these patients using T test, one- and two-way ANOVA test, and the Pearson correlation test using the Statistica 12 program. The study divided into male and female by using the ROC and AUC values.Main Outcome MeasuresThe most frequently reported cause of TBI in men and women is domestic accidents. Men are affected by TBI in early life compared to women.ResultsThe mean age of the men is 44.41 years (Std. error 0.75). The mean age of the women is 49.50 years (Std. error 1.38). In the male group, 354 (77.12 %) patients live in the city and 105 (22.87%) live in the village. However, in the female group, 170 (80.18%) patients live in the city and 42 (19.81%) live in the village. In the men group, 172 (37.47%) patients had TBI due to domestic accidents. The most frequently reported etiology of TBI in women is domestic accident, reported in 122 (57.54 %). In female group, the mean age of patients with domestic accident associated TBI is 53.76 years (Std. error 1.85). In male group, the mean age of patients with domestic accident associated TBI is 50.74 years (Std. error 1.09). Total hospitalization days of the patients were associated with the age of the patients, r= 0.12. Where men are hospitalized longer than women, t value -2.261, p < 0.024. In the male and female groups, there is a direct correlation between age and the total hospitalization days in the male group, r=0.173; r=0.148, respectively.ConclusionThe most frequently reported cause of TBI in men and women is domestic accidents. Men are affected by TBI in early life compared to women.
Prediction of Polygenic Risk Score by Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods in Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Öztornaci R. Onur , Coşgun Erdal , Çolak Cemil , Taşdelen Bahar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolygenic risk score (PRS) is a method that using multiple SNPs simultaneously and can be calculated as a typical disease risk score. It is useful method for precision and personalised medicine. Calculating PRS with the classical method, it is frequently used to use two different data sets which are training and testing sets. It is a disadvantage for the classical method. By using a single data set, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods both avoid the problem of overfitting and can be used as a good alternative method. Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) data were generated with the PLINK Program by replicating a hundred times at different allele frequencies and different sample size. We applied two different ML algorithms which are Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) as well as DL approach. ML methods can obtain more consistent results in terms of case-control separation compared to PRS calculated with the classical method (PRS). The use of ML and DL methods as an alternative to classical methods to calculate PRS has been suggested.
Nomogram for the Prediction of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Single-institute Experience
Authors: Wu Chia-Ryo , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen , Yin Chun-Hao , Liao Wei-Chuan , Wu Yu-Lun , Hsu Yu-Hone 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study is focused to identify the risk factors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and develop a model to predict its incidence.METHODSMedical records of 118 consecutive patients with aSAH treated in our institution from January 2013 to October 2021 were reviewed retrospectively, 109 of them were enrolled in this cohort, the following data were analyzed based on presence or absence of SDHC: age, gender, body mass index, Fisher grade, Hunt and Hess scale (HHS), aneurysm location, treatment modality, new neurological deficits after aneurysm treatment, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet-neutrophil ratio (PNR). We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to illustrate a nomogram for predicting SDHC risk.RESULTSThe stepwise logistic regression analysis with backward selection revealed three independent predictive factors of SDHC: age ≥65 (odds ratio, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.4–11.00;p= 0.009), treatment modality (odds ratio, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.81–10.53;p= 0.001), and HHS ≥3 (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.50–8.61;p= 0.004). A nomogram for SDHC risk prediction was developed based on the weight of these 3 factors.CONCLUSIONSAge, treatment modality (clipping vs coiling), and HHS are predictive for SDHC after aSAH. Endovascular embolization of aneurysm plays an important role in reducing risk of SDHC after aSAH.
Cannabis-Microbiome Interactions in Varied Clinical Contexts: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Thu May Soe , Ondee Thunnicha , Hall Szaye Rawicha , Nopsopon Tanawin , Jagota Ananya , Hirankarn Nattiya , Fothergill Joanne L. , Campbell Barry J. , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith cannabis legalization spreading to more countries for both medicinal and recreational use, grasping its effects on the human body is vital. The endocannabinoid system, governed by natural and external cannabinoid compounds, significantly impacts host metabolism. Working alongside the host’s immunomodulation, it shapes the gut microbiota, yielding benefits for the GI and immune systems.ObjectiveTo assess the link between cannabis treatment and the gut/oral microbiome.MethodsWe extensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library’s CENTRAL until December 9, 2023, for English studies involving adults with clinical abnormalities. Identified studies were analyzed, categorizing by different clinical aspects. Data was then qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized.ResultThe study involved 10 studies encompassing 2511 participants, comprising 2 clinical trials and 8 observational studies. The review provided a range of microbiota by the influence of cannabis usage within different clinical contexts: HIV infection, pain/inflammation, systemic aspergillosis, obesity, cognitive deficits, and oral diseases. Users with anhedonia and HIV infection showed lower α-diversity, but those with knee arthritis showed higher α-diversity. According to research, 21.4% of MJ cigarette users experienced adverse outcomes; however, these lessened once they stopped smoking.ConclusionThese findings shed light on the complex effects of cannabis use on the human microbiota, underscoring the need for future research on the therapeutic potential of cannabis. This review provides valuable insights to guide future investigations in this field.Registration IDPROSPERO 2022 CRD42022354331Short SummaryWith the global expansion of cannabis legalization, understanding the effects of cannabis on the human body, particularly among individuals with diverse clinical conditions, is of paramount importance. Through a meticulous systematic review utilizing comprehensive data, our findings uncover that cannabis consumption in adults with varied clinical conditions leads to discernable alterations in the human microbiome. These noteworthy modifications necessitate careful consideration in future investigations exploring the potential beneficial or adverse effects of cannabis treatment on patients.
Developing a Deep Learning Ultrasonography Model to Classify Thyroid Nodules as Benign
Authors: Peddakama Rishi 
Published: January 2023

1.ABSTRACT<Introduction>Thyroid cancer, or the occurrence of rapid cell growth in the thyroid gland located near the neck, is the fastest growing cancer among women. Papillary thyroid cancer leads to hormonal imbalances thus causing periods of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and an overall decrease in one’s quality of life.<Objective>Unsurprisingly, the need for a quick diagnosis of thyroid cancer has become ever more important. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that may improve the diagnostic performance of ultrasound, including in the evaluation of thyroid nodules (irregular growths that develop on the gland) for benign vs. malignant disease. Currently, the standard method to differentiate benign or malignant thyroid nodules is an invasive test known as Fine Needle Aspirations (FNAs) that is uncomfortable and may lead to unwanted outcomes such as bleeding, and infection.<Methods>We propose using a convolutional neural network with a foundation rooted in two pre-trained networks, VGG-16 and InceptionV3, to train a model on the publicly available Thyroid Digital Image Database to accurately classify thyroid nodules on ultrasonography into those that are malignant or benign; a non-invasive strategy.<Results>The data was augmented using industry-standard methods and provisioned into train/test/validation sets obtaining 88% accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.929 (signifying a high sensitivity).<Discussion>Based on the model’s results, it is conceived that a convolutional neural network can serve as an accurate classifier of malignant/benign thyroid nodules from an ultrasound and enhance a diagnostic strategy to reduce unnecessary FNA procedures.
Defining Cardiac Nerve Architecture During Development, Disease, and Regeneration
Authors: Salamon Rebecca J. , Halbe Poorva , Kasberg William , Bae Jiyoung , Audhya Anjon , Mahmoud Ahmed I. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCardiac nerves regulate neonatal mouse heart regeneration and are susceptible to pathological remodeling following adult injury. Understanding cardiac nerve remodeling can lead to new strategies to promote cardiac repair. Our current understanding of cardiac nerve architecture has been limited to two-dimensional analysis. Here, we use genetic models, whole-mount imaging, and three-dimensional modeling tools to define cardiac nerve architecture and neurovascular association during development, disease, and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that cardiac nerves sequentially associate with coronary veins and arteries during development. Remarkably, our results reveal that parasympathetic nerves densely innervate the ventricles. Furthermore, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves develop synchronously and are intertwined throughout the ventricles. Importantly, the regenerating myocardium reestablishes physiological innervation, in stark contrast to the non-regenerating heart. Mechanistically, reinnervation during regeneration is dependent on collateral artery formation. Our results reveal how defining cardiac nerve remodeling during homeostasis, disease, and regeneration can identify new therapies for cardiac disease.
A stronger association of depression with rheumatoid arthritis in presence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Shand Grayden , Fuller Daniel T. , Lufkin Leon , Lovelett Carly , Pal Nabendu , Mondal Sumona , Sur Shantanu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic and systemic inflammation. Recent research underscores the role of chronic inflammation in multiple common RA comorbidities such as depression, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), suggesting a potential overlap of the pathogenic mechanisms for RA. However, it is not well understood how the coexistence of these comorbid conditions impacts the risk of RA and whether any such association relates to the inflammatory status of the body.MethodsWe used data from the 2007-2010 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and compared RA prevalence between subsamples with the presence of any two conditions among depression, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Each subsample was further divided into three categories based on the serum level of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and analyzed for statistically significant differences using three-way χ2tests of independence.ResultsThe study was conducted on 4,136 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (representing 163,540,241 individuals after adjustment for sampling weights). Rates of depression, obesity, and HTG were found to be significantly higher (P< 0.001) among the subjects with RA compared with the control population with no arthritis. The presence of depression along with obesity or HTG showed a noticeably higher RA prevalence but such an association was not observed for the combination of obesity and HTG. The synergistic effect of HTG with depression was found to be most prominent at a medium CRP level (1-3 mg/L), while for obesity, the effect was observed across all CRP levels examined. These findings were further confirmed by the three-way χ2test for independence.ConclusionsThe presence of obesity or HTG in subjects suffering from depression might pose an increased risk of RA. Inflammatory mechanisms potentially play an important underlying role as suggested by the strong dependency of the association to CRP level. Identification of synergistic associations between RA risk conditions could provide useful information to predict the development and progress of RA.
CircPLXNA2affects the proliferation and apoptosis of myoblast throughcircPLXNA2/gga-miR-12207-5P/MDM4axis
Authors: Dong Xu , Xing Jia-bao , Liu Qingchun , Ye Mao , Zhou Zhen , Li Yantao , Li Zhenhui , Nie Qinghua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundcircRNAs are new-identified special endogenous RNA molecules that covalently close a loop by backsplicing with pre-mRNA.In the cytoplasm, circRNAs would act as molecular sponges to bind with specific miRNA to promote the expression of target genes. However, there is still in its fancy of knowing circRNA functional alternation in skeletal myogenesis. In this study, we favor a model to identify the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network in which the axis may be implicated in the progression of chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs) myogenesis by a combination of multi-omics (i.e., circRNA-seq and ribo-seq).ResultsIn total, 314 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis containing 66 circRNAs, 70 miRNAs, and 24 mRNAs that may be relevant to myogenesis were collected. With these, thecircPLXNA2-gga-miR-12207-5P-MDM4axis aroused our research interest. ThecircPLXNA2is highly differentially expressed during differentiation versus proliferation. It was demonstrated thatcircPLXNA2inhibited the process of apoptosis while at the same time stimulating cell proliferation.Furthermore, we demonstrated thatcircPLXNA2could inhibit the repression ofgga-miR-12207-5ptoMDM4by directing binding togga-miR-12207-5p, thereby restoringMDM4expression.ConclusionsCircPLXNA2could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to inhibit the repression ofgga-miR-12207-5ptoMDM4by directing binding togga-miR-12207-5p, thereby recovering the expression ofMDM4.
Neural Synchronization as a Function of Engagement with the Narrative
Authors: Ohad Tal , Yeshurun Yaara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe can all agree that a good story engages us, however, agreeing which story is good is far more debatable. In this study, we explored whether engagement with a narrative synchronizes listeners’ brain responses, by examining individual differences in engagement to the same story. To do so, we pre-registered and re-analyzed a previously collected dataset by Chang et al. (2021) of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans of 25 participants who listened to a one-hour story and answered questionnaires. We assessed the degree of their overall engagement with the story and their engagement with the main characters. The questionnaires revealed individual differences in engagement with the story, as well as different valence towards specific characters. Neuroimaging data showed that the auditory cortex, the default mode network (DMN) and language regions were involved in processing the story. Increased engagement with the story was correlated with increased neural synchronization within regions in the DMN (especially the medial prefrontal cortex), as well as regions outside the DMN such as the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the reward system. Interestingly, positively and negatively engaging characters elicited different patterns of neural synchronization. Finally, engagement increased functional connectivity within and between the DMN, the dorsal attention network and the control network. Taken together, these findings suggest that engagement with a narrative synchronizes listeners’ responses in regions involved in mentalizing, reward, working memory and attention. By examining individual differences in engagement, we revealed that these synchronization patterns are due to engagement, and not due to differences in the narrative’s content.
Functional Organization of Auditory and Reward Systems in Aging
Authors: Belden Alexander , Quinci Milena Aiello , Geddes Maiya , Donovan Nancy J. , Hanser Suzanne B. , Loui Psyche 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic organization of functional brain networks is known to change with age, and is affected by perceptual input and task conditions. Here, we compare functional activity and connectivity during music listening and rest between younger (N=24) and older (N=24) adults, using whole brain regression, seed-based connectivity, and ROI-ROI connectivity analyses. As expected, activity and connectivity of auditory and reward networks scaled with liking during music listening in both groups. Younger adults show higher within-network connectivity of auditory and reward regions as compared to older adults, both at rest and during music listening, but this age-related difference at rest was reduced during music listening, especially in individuals who self-report high musical reward. Furthermore, younger adults showed higher functional connectivity between auditory network and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that was specific to music listening, whereas older adults showed a more globally diffuse pattern of connectivity, including higher connectivity between auditory regions and bilateral lingual and inferior frontal gyri. Finally, connectivity between auditory and reward regions was higher when listening to music selected by the participant. These results highlight the roles of aging and reward sensitivity on auditory and reward networks. Results may inform the design of music- based interventions for older adults, and improve our understanding of functional network dynamics of the brain at rest and during a cognitively engaging task.