bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic X-ray sources in the massive globular cluster 47 Tucanae: Evidence for dynamically formed cataclysmic variables
Authors: Bao Tong , Li Zhiyuan , Cheng Zhongqun 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic study of periodic X-ray sources in the massive globular cluster 47 Tuc, utilizing deep archival Chandra observations that resolve the cluster core and recently available eROSITA observations that cover the cluster outskirt. By applying the Gregory-Loredo algorithm, we detect 20 periodic signals among 18 X-ray sources, ranging between 205–95731 s. Fourteen periods are newly discovered in the X-ray band. We classify these periodic sources into four quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries, 1 ms pulsar, two coronally-active binaries, and eleven cataclysmic variables (CVs) based on their X-ray temporal and spectral properties, as well as multiband information. Despite a small sample subject to potential selection bias against faint and non-magnetic CVs, the 11 CVs together define an orbital period distribution significantly different from that of the CVs previously found in the solar neighbourhood and the Galactic bulge. In particular, there exists in 47 Tuc an apparent paucity of short-period CVs below the period gap, which might be attributed to a high occupation fraction of non-magnetic CVs. Also characteristic of the 47 Tuc CVs are an overabundance of long-period CVs with a subgiant donor, a substantial fraction of CVs within the period gap, and a steep radial surface density profile. These are best understood as a group of CVs having recently formed via dynamical interactions in the dense cluster core. Despite sufficient sensitivity of the X-ray data, only one periodic source is found between one-third of the half-light radius and the tidal radius, the nature of which is unclear.
Resonant mechanisms that produce near-Sun asteroids
Authors: Toliou Athanasia , Granvik Mikael 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
All near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) that reach sufficiently small perihelion distances will undergo a so-called super-catastrophic disruption. The mechanisms causing such disruptions are currently unknown or, at least, undetermined. To help guide theoretical and experimental work to understand the disruption mechanism, we use numerical simulations of a synthetic NEA population to identify the resonant mechanisms that are responsible for driving NEAs close to the Sun, determine how these different mechanisms relate to their dynamical lifetimes at small heliocentric distances and calculate the average time they spend at different heliocentric distances. Typically, resonances between NEAs and the terrestrial and giant planets are able to dramatically reduce the perihelion distances of the former. We developed an algorithm that scans the orbital evolution of asteroids and automatically identifies occurrences of mean motion and secular resonances. We find that most near-Sun asteroids are pushed to small perihelion distances by the 3:1J and 4:1J mean-motion resonances with Jupiter, as well as the secular resonances ν6, ν5, ν3, and ν4. The time-scale of the small-perihelion evolution is fastest for the 4:1J, followed by the 3:1J, whereas ν5 is the slowest. Approximately 7 per cent of the test asteroids were not trapped in a resonance during the latest stages of their dynamical evolution, which suggests that the secular oscillation of the eccentricity due to the Kozai mechanism, a planetary close encounter, or a resonance that we have not identified pushed them below the estimated average disruption distance.
Constraining atmospheric parameters and surface magnetic fields with ZeeTurbo: an application to SPIRou spectra
Authors: Cristofari P I , Donati J-F , Folsom C P , Masseron T , Fouqué P , Moutou C , Artigau E , Carmona A , Petit P , Delfosse X , Martioli E ,   the SLS consortium
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We report first results on a method aimed at simultaneously characterizing atmospheric parameters and magnetic properties of M dwarfs from high-resolution near-IR spectra recorded with SPIRou in the framework of the SPIRou Legacy Survey (SLS). Our analysis relies on fitting synthetic spectra computed from marcs model atmospheres to selected spectral lines, both sensitive and insensitive to magnetic fields. We introduce a new code, ZeeTurbo, obtained by including the Zeeman effect and polarized radiative transfer capabilities to Turbospectrum. We compute a grid of synthetic spectra with ZeeTurbo for different magnetic field strengths and develop a process to simultaneously constrain Teff, log g, $\rm {[M/H]}$, $\rm {[\alpha /Fe]}$, and the average surface magnetic flux. In this paper, we present our approach and assess its performance using simulations, before applying it to six targets observed in the context of the SLS, namely AU Mic, EV Lac, AD Leo, CN Leo, PM J18482+0741, and DS Leo. Our method allows us to retrieve atmospheric parameters in good agreement with the literature, and simultaneously yields surface magnetic fluxes in the range 2–4 kG with a typical precision of 0.05 kG, in agreement with literature estimates, and consistent with the saturated dynamo regime in which most of these stars are.
C1q Confers Protection Against Cryptococcal Lung Infection by Alleviating Inflammation and Reducing Cryptococcal Virulence
Authors: Zhao Xu , Shen Lei , Zheng Jianming , Zhu Haiyan , Li Li , Shi Hong , Chen Zhongqing , Li Qian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
To define the role of C1qa in host defense against Cryptococcus neoformans lung infection, we investigated its susceptibility to cryptococcal lung infection in mice deficient in complement factor C1qa (C1qa−/−).

Methods
We established a wild-type (WT) and C1qa-deficient murine inhalation model with C. neoformans. We compared the host survival rate, inflammatory responses, and pathogenicity of C. neoformans during the infection course between WT and C1qa−/− mice.

Results
The mortality rate of C1qa-deficient mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. The increased formation of Titan cells in the lungs was associated with augmented inflammation in C1qa-deficient mice. The capacity of lung homogenate supernatant from C1qa-deficient mice to induce Titan formation in vitro was greater compared with that of wild-type mice. The C. neoformans isolated from the lungs of infected C1qa-deficient mice was more resistant to macrophage killing in vitro and caused significantly higher mortality after administration to mice compared with that isolated from WT mice.

Conclusions
These findings reveal a novel role of C1qa in host defense against C. neoformans infection by regulating host inflammation and pathogen virulence and provide new insight into the C1q-mediated lung environment underlying the transition from yeast to Titan cell.
Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 Infection Do Not Neutralize BA.4 and BA.5 and Can Be Blunted by Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment
Authors: Carlin Aaron F , Clark Alex E , Garretson Aaron F , Bray William , Porrachia Magali , Santos AsherLev T , Rana Tariq M , Chaillon Antoine , Smith Davey M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The factors contributing to the rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants in populations that experienced recent surges of BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 infections are not understood. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are likely to protect against severe disease if present in sufficient quantity. We found that after BA.2 or BA.2.12.1 infection, NAb responses were largely cross-neutralizing but were much less effective against BA.5. In addition, individuals who were infected and treated early with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) had lower NAb levels than untreated individuals.
Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Noninvasive Screening Model for Additional Diagnostics
Authors: Permpalung Nitipong , Chiang Teresa Po-Yu , Avery Robin K , Ostrander Darin , Datta Kausik , Segev Dorry L , Durand Christine M , Zhang Sean X , Massie Allan B , Marr Kieren A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is likely underdiagnosed, and current diagnostic tools are either invasive or insensitive.MethodsA retrospective study of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 admitted to 5 Johns Hopkins hospitals between March 2020 and June 2021 was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the CAPA prediction model building. Performance of the model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsIn the cohort of 832 patients, 98 (11.8%) met criteria for CAPA. Age, time since intubation, dexamethasone for COVID-19 treatment, underlying pulmonary circulatory diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, multiple myeloma, cancer, or hematologic malignancies were statistically significantly associated with CAPA and were included in the CAPA prediction model, which showed an AUC of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, .70–.80). At a screening cutoff of ≥0.085, it had a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 51%, a positive predictive value of 18.6%, and a negative predictive value of 95.3%. (The CAPA screening score calculator is available at www.transplantmodels.com).ConclusionsWe developed a CAPA risk score as a noninvasive tool to aid in CAPA screening for patients with severe COVID-19. Our score will also identify a group of patients who are unlikely to have CAPA and who therefore need not undergo additional diagnostics and/or empiric antifungal therapy.
Ixazomib, Oral Metronomic Cyclophosphamide, and Dexamethasone for First-Line Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Phase II Brown University Oncology Group Study
Authors: Pelcovits Ari , Barth Peter , Reagan John L , Olszewski Adam J , Rosati Vallerie , Wood Roxanne , Sturtevant Ashlee , Winer Eric S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients have many available treatment options. While lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) is the preferred initial treatment for many patients, several other agents may provide similar efficacy with less toxicity and improved ease of administration.

Methods
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the all-oral regimen of ixazomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone with the use of metronomic cyclophosphamide dosing in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Results
The study was stopped prior to planned enrollment due to slow recruitment, with 12 patients available for final analysis. The overall response rate was 58.3% with 2 patients achieving a very good partial response (16.7%) and 5 patients achieving a partial response (41.7%). Median progression-free survival was 16 months, and median overall survival was 43 months. There were no episodes of grade 3 or greater peripheral neuropathy. Grade 3 or greater dermatologic toxicity was experienced in 50% of patients.

Conclusion
Although limited enrollment prevented full efficacy evaluation, our data do not support further study of metronomic cyclophosphamide in combination with ixazomib and dexamethasone in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. The activity of this regimen in the relapsed/refractory setting requires further study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02412228).
The Impact of HIV Infection on Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Relative Dose Intensity in South African Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: O’Neil Daniel S , Ayeni Oluwatosin A , Farrow Hayley A , Chen Wenlong Carl , Demetriou Georgia , Buccimazza Ines , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura W , Joffe Maureen , Antoni Michael H , Lopes Gilberto , Pumpalova Yoanna S , Mapanga Witness , Jacobson Judith S , Crew Katherine D , Neugut Alfred I , Ruff Paul , Cubasch Herbert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes (SABCHO) study, we previously found that breast cancer patients living with HIV and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieve lower rates of complete pathologic response than patients without HIV. We now assess the impact of comorbid HIV on receipt of timely and complete neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods
Since June 2015, the SABCHO study has collected data on women diagnosed with breast cancer at 6 South African hospitals. We selected a sample of participants with stages I-III cancer who received ≥2 doses of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Data on chemotherapies prescribed and received, filgrastim receipt, and laboratory values measured during treatment were captured from patients’ medical records. We calculated the mean relative dose intensity (RDI) for all prescribed chemotherapies. We tested for association between full regimen RDI and HIV status, using linear regression to control for demographic and clinical covariates, and for association of HIV with laboratory abnormalities.

Results
The 166 participants living with HIV and 159 without HIV did not differ in median chemotherapy RDI: 0.89 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.77-0.95) among those living with HIV and 0.87 (IQR 0.77-0.94) among women without HIV. Patients living with HIV experienced more grade 3+ anemia and leukopenia than those without HIV (anemia: 10.8% vs. 1.9%, P = .001; leukopenia: 8.4% vs. 1.9%, P = .008) and were more likely to receive filgrastim (24.7% vs. 10.7%, P = .001).

Conclusions
HIV status did not impact neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy RDI, although patients with breast cancer living with HIV experienced more myelotoxicity during treatment.
Precision oncology for children: A primer for paediatricians
Authors: Cohen-Gogo Sarah , Denburg Avram E , Villani Anita , Thacker Nirav , Egan Grace , Simao Rafael Margarida , Malkin David , Morgenstern Daniel A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in children, adolescents, and young adults beyond the newborn period in North America. Improving survival rates for patients with hard-to-cure cancer remains a challenge. One approach that has gained particular traction is ‘precision oncology’, whereby next-generation sequencing is used to identify genomic or transcriptomic changes that can help clarify the diagnosis, refine prognosis, define an underlying genetic cause, or identify a unique treatment target for a patient’s cancer. In this primer, we provide a brief overview of the evolution of precision paediatric oncology, its current application to clinical oncology practice, and its future potential as a foundational approach to paediatric oncology care in Canada and around the world. We also address the many challenges and limitations inherent to the implementation of precision oncology as the standard of care, including ethical and economic considerations.
Autophagy-Mediated Phosphate Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Involves Modulation of Phosphate Transporters
Authors: Chiu Chang-Yi , Lung Hui-Fang , Chou Wen-Chun , Lin Li-Yen , Chow Hong-Xuan , Kuo Yu-Hao , Chien Pei-Shan , Chiou Tzyy-Jen , Liu Tzu-Yin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Autophagy in plants is regulated by diverse signaling cascades in response to environmental changes. Fine-tuning of its activity is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions. In this study, we compared the Arabidopsis autophagy–related (ATG) system transcriptionally under inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency versus nitrogen deficiency and showed that most ATG genes are only moderately upregulated by Pi starvation, with relatively stronger induction of AtATG8f and AtATG8h among the AtATG8 family. We found that Pi shortage increased the formation of GFP-ATG8f-labeled autophagic structures and the autophagic flux in the differential zone of the Arabidopsis root. However, the proteolytic cleavage of GFP-ATG8f and the vacuolar degradation of endogenous ATG8 proteins indicated that Pi limitation does not drastically alter the autophagic flux in the whole roots, implying a cell type–dependent regulation of autophagic activities. At the organismal level, the Arabidopsis atg mutants exhibited decreased shoot Pi concentrations and smaller meristem sizes under Pi sufficiency. Under Pi limitation, these mutants showed enhanced Pi uptake and impaired root cell division and expansion. Despite a reduced steady-state level of several PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1s (PHT1s) in the atg root, cycloheximide treatment analysis suggested that the protein stability of PHT1;1/2/3 is comparable in the Pi-replete wild type and atg5-1. By contrast, the degradation of PHT1;1/2/3 is enhanced in the Pi-deplete atg5-1. Our findings reveal that both basal autophagy and Pi starvation–induced autophagy are required for the maintenance of Pi homeostasis and may modulate the expression of PHT1s through different mechanisms.
Highly tough and elastic microspheric gel for transarterial catheter embolization in treatment of liver metastasis tumor
Authors: Wang Shuyun , Yu Hongjie , Wan Guangsheng , Fang Haowei , Mi Jinxia , Xu Wenqian , Sun Kexiang , Zhang Kunxi , Yin Jingbo , Deng Wanli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransarterial embolization is a widely recognized clinical treatment method for liver tumors. Given that the soft and easily damaged features of embolic particles may limit tumor embolization efficiency, the present study carries out an attempt of fabricating tough and elastic microspheric gel for promoting embolization efficiency. To promote the toughness of hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPP) and PPP with two terminal double bonds (PPPDA) are co-assembled into nano-micelles, which are connected with methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) to fabricate microspheric gels via microfluidic technology. Lowering double bond density of micelles promotes the freedom degree of micelles, significantly enhancing hydrogel toughness. To compensate for the strength loss caused by the decrease of double bond density of micelles, phytic acid (PA) are employed to interact with CS to form a physical network, further improving hydrogel strength and toughness. The CS-PPPDA&PPP-PA microspheric gels exhibit higher blocking effect in vitro. A rabbit VX2 liver metastasis tumor model is prepared to verify the embolization efficacy of CS-PPPDA&PPP-PA microspheric gels. Compared with clinical used microspheres, fewer CS-PPPDA&PPP-PA microspheric gels can achieve enough embolization efficiency. After embolization for 14 days, CS-PPPDA&PPP-PA microspheric gels exhibit improved tumor necrosis rate and promoted tumor cells apoptosis with reduced inflammation in surrounding tissues, confirming advanced embolic efficiency of tough microgels.
A real-time system to report abnormal events involving staff in a nuclear medicine therapy unit
Authors: Stendardo Giorgia , Nuccetelli Cristina , Grande Sveva , Palma Alessandra , Venoso Gennaro , Zicari Carmine , Andenna Claudio , Frau Giuseppe , Bonanno Ilaria , Landoni Valeria , Sciuto Rosa , Bruzzaniti Vicente , Cassano Bartolomeo , Iaccarino Giuseppe , Murtas Federica , Canzi Cristina , Zito Felicia , Fattibene Paola 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A system for internal and voluntary reporting of abnormal events in a Nuclear Medicine Therapy Unit is described. This system is based on the Internet of Things and is composed of an application for mobile devices and a wireless network of detectors. The application is addressed to healthcare professionals and is intended to be a user-friendly tool to make the reporting procedure little laborious. The network of detectors allows for a real-time measurement of the dose distribution in the patient’s room. The staff was involved in all stages, from the design of the dosimetry system and mobile application up to their final testing. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 24 operators in different roles in the Unit (radiation protection experts, physicians, physicists, nuclear medicine technicians and nurses). The preliminary results of the interviews and the current state of development of the application and the detection network will be described.
Roles and Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Progenitors in Muscle Homeostasis, Hypertrophy, and Disease
Authors: Fukada So-ichiro , Uezumi Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle is mainly composed of multinucleated cells called myofibers and has excellent regenerative and adaptive abilities. These abilities are granted by muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), which are anatomically defined cells located between myofibers and basal lamina. In addition to myofibers and MuSCs, skeletal muscle contains several types of cells located in interstitial areas, such as mesenchymal progenitors. These cells are positive for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and are called fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) or mesenchymal stromal cells. Although mesenchymal progenitors were originally identified as the causative cells of ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscles, recent studies have shed light on their beneficial roles in homeostasis, regeneration, and hypertrophy. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of mesenchymal progenitors is of great interest in understanding skeletal muscle development, homeostasis, regeneration, aging, and diseases. In this concise review, we summarize recent findings on the physiological roles of mesenchymal progenitors and their heterogeneity and discuss the remaining critical concerns.
The Revised PENIS Score and proposal of the PACKAGE Checklist: a meta-epidemiologic study on penile amputation and replantation
Authors: Tran Aimee A , Machado Bruno L C , Kuykendall Kennedy H , Spencer Horace J , Scherzer Nickolas D , Almajed Wael S , Saghir Norman , Saghir Reyan , Hellstrom Wayne J G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPenile amputation causes severe physical and psychosocial distress. Microsurgical implementation in penile replantation is presumed to be superior to surgical repair. This assumption has been difficult to verify.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to produce an updated review of penile replantation, substantiated by the largest sample size to date; (2) to appraise the comparative value of the novel PENIS Score and propose the PACKAGE Checklist, a guide for standardization of future case reports and reviews; and (3) to improve confusing terminology and recommend the standardization of vocabulary.MethodsA literature review assessed 432 full-text case reports in 20 languages and identified 123 microsurgical and 40 surgical cases of penile replantation. The novel PENIS Score stratified penile amputations based on 5 criteria: position along the shaft, extension through the penis, neurovascular repair, ischemia time and type, and severed edge condition and contamination. For the outcome measurements, a Kendall tau coefficient evaluated the association between each PENIS criterion for short-term postoperative complications and 3 outcome measures: erection, urination, and sensation.ResultsLess than half of surgical reports on penile replantation are sufficiently detailed to complete all PENIS Score criteria. The viability of microsurgical and surgical replantation was equivalent at 92% and 94%, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between microsurgical repair and the return of sensation but not with nerve repair. Return of sensation with nerve repair was 51%, and microsurgical replantation without nerve repair was 42%; both were significantly higher than the 14% for surgical replantation. Preservation of a skin bridge was associated with a 40% reduction in severe postoperative complications.ConclusionMicrosurgical replantation is superior in return of sensation, with or without nerve repair. Implementing the PACKAGE Checklist and PENIS Score will help inform case reports and reviews.