bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremely Relativistic Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Extreme tidal disruption events (eTDEs), which occur when a star passes very close to a supermassive black hole, may provide a way to observe a long-sought general relativistic effect: orbits that wind several times around a black hole and then leave. Through general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations, we show that such eTDEs are easily distinguished from most tidal disruptions, in which stars come close, but not so close, to the black hole. Following the stellar orbit, the debris is initially distributed in a crescent, it then turns into a set of tight spirals circling the black hole, which merge into a shell expanding radially outwards. Some mass later falls back toward the black hole, while the remainder is ejected. Internal shocks within the infalling debris power the observed emission. The resulting lightcurve rises rapidly to roughly the Eddington luminosity, maintains this level for between a few weeks and a year (depending on both the stellar mass and the black hole mass), and then drops. Most of its power is in thermal X-rays at a temperature ∼(1–2) × 106 K (∼100–200 eV). The debris evolution and observational features of eTDEs are qualitatively different from ordinary TDEs, making eTDEs a new type of TDE. Although eTDEs are relatively rare for lower-mass black holes, most tidal disruptions around higher-mass black holes are extreme. Their detection offers a view of an exotic relativistic phenomenon previously inaccessible.
Four‐channel GaAs multifunction chips with bottom RF interface for Ka‐band SATCOM antennas
Authors: Jeong Jin‐Cheol , Lim Junhan , Chang Dong‐Pil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReceiver and transmitter monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) multifunction chips (MFCs) for active phased‐array antennas for Ka‐band satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals have been designed and fabricated using a 0.15‐μm GaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process. The MFCs consist of four‐channel radio frequency (RF) paths and a 4:1 combiner. Each channel provides several functions such as signal amplification, 6‐bit phase shifting, and 5‐bit attenuation with a 44‐bit serial‐to‐parallel converter (SPC). RF pads are implemented on the bottom side of the chip to remove the parasitic inductance induced by wire bonding. The area of the fabricated chips is 5.2 mm × 4.2 mm. The receiver chip exhibits a gain of 18 dB and a noise figure of 2.0 dB over a frequency range from 17 GHz to 21 GHz with a low direct current (DC) power of 0.36 W. The transmitter chip provides a gain of 20 dB and a 1‐dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 18.4 dBm over a frequency range from 28 GHz to 31 GHz with a low DC power of 0.85 W. The P1dB can be increased to 20.6 dBm at a higher bias of +4.5 V.
APPRENTISSAGE ET ENSEIGNEMENT EN SCIENCES PHYSIQUES / LEARNING AND TEACHING IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Voutsinos Charilaos 
Published: March 2023

<p>Dans cet article, nous tentons de soulever les questions caractéristiques générales de l'apprentissage et de l'enseignement des sciences physiques. L'accent est mis, d'une part, sur le caractère de l'apprentissage qui doit avoir des caractéristiques généralisables, une perspective de développement et une certaine indépendance par rapport aux connaissances scolaires institutionnelles et, d'autre part, sur l'enseignement qui doit suivre de manière créative les engagements des programmes et la compréhension des concepts et phénomènes connexes. Dans un tel contexte général, les problèmes ouverts sont discutés par les deux parties, mettant en évidence les convergences et les différences.</p><p>In this article an attempt is made to raise the general characteristic questions of learning and teaching in Physical Sciences. The emphasis is on the one hand on the character of learning which must have generalisable features, a developmental perspective, and a certain independence from institutional school knowledge, and on the other hand on teaching which must creatively follow the commitments of programs and the understanding of related concepts and phenomena. In such a general context, open problems are discussed by both sides, highlighting convergences and differences.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0029/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ANGOLAN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
Authors: Campos Pedro Manuel 
Published: March 2023

<p>Africa has nine transit corridors, two intra-regional corridors and two main east-west corridors. Africa accounts for about 13% of the world´s population and includes 54 countries, of which 38 have coastline access along the continent´s 30,490 Km of coastline and 16 are landlocked. However, 90% of the volume of cargo between Africa and the world is transported by sea, which typifies the importance of port infrastructure in economic development. This research presents a comparative analysis of the port infrastructures in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) based on the weight capacity that the ports support, waiting time for ships in ports, the connection of infrastructure networks, the growth of GDP per capita and the entry of ships in the country during the year by type of cargo. Similarly, determinant factors of port infrastructure management were identified. The objective is to characterize the competitive position of Angolan’s port infrastructure in the SADC context. The results show that Angola’s port infrastructure is not the worst in SADC. However, the lack of good roads and railroads reduce its competitiveness in relation to Namibian and South African port infrastructure.<br /> <br /><strong>JEL:</strong> R40; R41</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0022/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
QUANTITATIVE METHOD TO EXPLORE THE CRITICAL ISSUES OF SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONGST CHINESE PHD CANDIDATES’ DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ORAL DEFENSE
Authors: Wei Li-Wei , Chang Chuan-Chi 
Published: March 2023

Anxiety has a significant effect on oral communication, particularly when it occurs in the form of a public address. The quality of a public academic speaker's oral presentation may highly be determined by a variety of emotive elements. However, this has received much too little attention in the realm of academic dissertation oral defense presentations, despite the fact that this process may be incredibly nerve-wracking for both novice and experienced postgraduates, EFL learners in particular. In the current study, 68 Chinese EFL Ph.D. candidates consented to complete a revamped version of the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA). Chinese EFL postgraduates reported an average high level of public speaking anxiety (X=4.34) during their doctoral dissertation defense presentations, as measured by three categorical variables: public speaking apprehension (X=4.40), self-behavior management (X=4.35), and fear of negative evaluation (X=4.26). Throughout Ph.D. candidate participants’ dissertation defense, fifteen anxiety-related questionnaire items were recognized to be the most anxiety-provoking conditions in terms of public speaking anxiety. In addition, differences in gender and graduate study specialization were not significantly associated with Chinese EFL Ph.D. candidates’ experiences with public speaking anxiety. Despite the findings, research has revealed that Ph.D. candidates in English as a Foreign Language from China exhibit statistically significant levels of anxiety related to public speaking, and as a result, pedagogical recommendations have been proposed.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0025/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN KENYA: A STUDY OF WEST POKOT COUNTY
Authors: Andiema Nelly C. , Dietz Ton 
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education system in Kenya with reference to vocational training institutions. The paper analyses how the provision of vocational training was impacted after Covid-19 from the perspective of principals of colleges, tutors, and students. The paper collected qualitative experiences of the above-mentioned stakeholders to understand to which degree vocational education has been affected by Covid-19. This was accomplished through the use of interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. The study has found that the Covid-19 pandemic completely disrupted learning in six public VTCs as institutions were closed and students and tutors did not meet or interact for more than eight months. It was impossible for a work-based learning model to be used by students after institutions were closed because even the industries and businesses where they were supposed to undertake their practicum and internship programmes downscaled their operations, while others closed down completely. After reopening of VTCs in January 2021, close to 34.8% of their former students did not report back because some of them dropped out, some could not pay fees, some engaged in alcoholism, drugs, and substance abuse, some emigrated to other areas to look for opportunities while some settled down in marriage. It is recommended that guidance and counselling should be continuously provided to tutors and students as a way of addressing the psychological and behavioural challenges brought about by Covid-19, tutors need to be trained on remote learning methodologies (digital skills) and county governments need to invest in setting up infrastructure to support online learning in VTCs. This research provides a realistic picture of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on vocational education and training in public institutions in West Pokot County which is considered to be a marginalised and arid and semi-arid region in the North-western part of Kenya.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0027/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EXPLORING CULTURAL FORMATION THROUGH COMMUNICATION PRACTICES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: IDENTIFYING PRACTICES, OVERCOMING BARRIERS, AND IMPLEMENTING SOLUTIONS
Authors: Pineda, Jr. Florentino G. 
Published: March 2023

The current paper focuses on the qualitative method used that examines the cultural formation in the educational institution, its practices, barriers, and solution. The use of qualitative research in this study reveals insights into how communication becomes an integral part of the culture-shaping process through its focus on the emerging themes and patterns developed over time. Among the methods used included a collection of notes and interviews from three generational participants; and an analysis of the Focus Discussion Group (FGD). FGD were classified on the nature of their inputs as indicated in the foreshadowed problems that seek to identify the characteristics of a culture-shaping process, experiences of communicators, and challenges encountered by members of the organizations in the aspect of behavior, satisfaction, and engagement. The obtained data demonstrate that organizational culture has a significant influence on the performance of the members. Many of the responses reflect the involvement of “cultured” individual perspectives that emerged from their daily work experiences and communication practices that leads to the formation of subgroups. Furthermore, the inclusion of the management, diversity of cultural backgrounds, and expectations also emerged. Based on the findings, the identified pieces of evidence in the approaches of both the management and members towards communicated rules policy have led to the formulation of a long-term sustainable adjustment in culture formation that mainly impacts motivation, communication, improving organizational values, decision-making, and solving conflicts.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0250/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
A STUDY ON THE FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE FUTURE TRENDS OF MARKETING: EVIDENCE FROM THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sivaraman Thilaga , Zahrin Mohamad Najat Bin Mohamad , Roni Mohamad Yazid Bin , Kanapathipillai Kumaran 
Published: March 2023

The hospitality industry has been impacted by the Covid-19 Pandemic and is still ravaging several nations. Therefore, changing the normality of business operations and activities, especially in marketing trends, is crucial. This research evaluates the factors that impact future marketing trends, focusing on the employees in the hospitality industry within Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this research, the independent variables (impact of the post-Covid-19 Pandemic, transition process from traditional to digital marketing methods, consumers’ reactions towards digital marketing, and possibility of leveraging Industry 4.0) and their relationship to the dependent variable (future trends of marketing in the hospitality industry) were studied. Surveys via Google Forms were disseminated to employees in the hospitality industry within the Klang Valley. The data collected from 390 respondents from the hospitality industry contributed to this research by determining the correlated factors which shaped the future trends and practices in marketing. These factors were supported by the analysis modules and the underpinning theory developed by previous researchers. Based on the response, female respondents have responded more than male respondents, with the Malay ethnic group being the majority. Subsequently, most respondents have attained a bachelor’s degree and worked in the industry as junior executives for nearly 15 years. This study has proven that the transition process from traditional to digital marketing methods, consumers’ reaction, and the possibility of leveraging industry 4.0 has a significant relationship with future marketing trends. In conclusion, this research shows that technology transformation and consumer-centric methods can significantly change the landscape of marketing for the hospitality industry in the future.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0209/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE IRAQI OIL INDUSTRY: HISTORY AND OVERVIEW
Authors: Bamber David , Saleh Farsat , Panditharathna Roshan 
Published: March 2023

The first attempt at producing oil in Iraq dates to the nineteenth century, when Germany explored oil in Iraq during the period (1860-1880). A series of dramatic changes have occurred in the Iraqi oil sector, as well as the agricultural sector, because of revolutions, conflicts, wars, instability, and uncertainty. The Iran-Iraq war occurred from 1980 to 1988, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, the subsequent Gulf War, UN sanctions, the 2003 war, and regional destabilisation caused by the Islamic State terrorist group, contributed to restrictions and underinvestment. Despite the positive effects, such as increased export revenues and development opportunities, resource-rich states are often plagued by the resource curse. Conflicts resulting from resource curse raise serious questions about international security. Poor oil revenue has plagued Iraq’s economy since the second half of the 20th century. Its economy was heavily influenced by the oil sector. However, oil wealth benefits the government first and last, and the Iraqi people appear to benefit little, consequently there are protest demonstrations by citizens in various Iraqi cities against widespread unemployment, poverty, corruption, deterioration of electricity supply, education, health, and the intensification of the housing crises. Due to the lack of other productive sectors such as agriculture, industry, tourism, mining, the Iraqi economy remains a rentier economy based primarily on crude oil exports. Khrushchev used Iraq’s land to threaten the West without consulting the Iraqis. Iraq still faces many threats today as Iran and the United States negotiate the Iranian nuclear issue.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0099/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
La nostalgia como compromiso del poeta en 'Espejos' (1986-1991) de Abelardo Linares
Authors: Alava Carrascal María Eugenia 
Published: March 2023

Abelardo Linares (1952) es el fundador de la editorial Renacimiento en 1977, que comenzó siendo tres años antes una librería de viejo establecida en el barrio de Santa Cruz de Sevilla, enriquecida con la compra de un millón de libros de la colección del librero Eliseo Torres de Nueva York. Además de todo ello, su labor poética, objeto de este trabajo, aunque no ha sido su prioridad, está recogida en cuatro volúmenes con voluntad antológica que dan cuenta de lo prolijo de sus versos: Mitos: Poesía reunida en 1979, Sombras en 1986, Espejos de 1991 y Y ningún otro cielo de 2010. El penúltimo de 1991, que hoy se analiza, fue Premio de la Crítica. En el presente trabajo estudiaremos la poesía de Espejos y trataremos de proponer el componente de la nostalgia como fundamental para el traslado del compromiso en la poesía de Abelardo Linares. Trataremos de concluir que es precisamente el componente nostálgico el que ayuda a potenciar el compromiso en la poesía linariana y cómo esta se constituye entonces como una muestra más de divergencia, de entre las muchas que ya se han puesto de manifiesto en las últimas décadas, con respecto a las líneas maestras de la llamada Generación del 70. Con este análisis recuperamos también la obra de un poeta parcialmente apartado del canon de las generaciones para tratar de renovar el interés por su poesía y ayudar a su inclusión paulatina en el discurso sobre la historia de la literatura de finales del siglo pasado.
Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Calcium in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Ghaith Hamza Kamil  , Mohammed Mezher Hussein  , Raya Ezzat Maroof  
Published: March 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing international health concern with elevating mortality rate in the world today and it is generally a progressive and irreversible issue. It is defined by changes in kidney shape, function, or both lasting at least three months. Renal disease is commonly associated with Abnormalities of minerals and electrolyte. Levels of Ca change and the FGF23 increase early in CKD. This study was designed to show the Correlation between FGF23 and Ca in chronic kidney disease patients. One hundred blood samples (57males and 43 females) from CKD patients have been gathered from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2021 to March 2022 besides 50 samples as apparently healthy control. The age range in the current study was at 33-75 years for CKD patient and 30-65 years for control. The fibroblast growth factor 23 was screened by an ELISA method and serum Calcium, by cobas c111 analyze. Ca, FGF23 is statistically highly significant at p-value =0.001. The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve results revealed that the sensitivity and specificity for FGF23 was 100%. The conclusion of the current study shows that the. FGF 23 was high in all CKD patients and Ca was high in two patients, normal in thirty-seven patients, and decreased in sixty-one patients.
Reversible Splenial Corpus Callosum Lesion and Carbamazepine
Authors: ELİAÇIK Sinan , CİL Gülsüm 
Published: March 2023

Introductıon
Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) at corpus callosum (CC) has been defined in many clinical conditions. Although the etiopathogenesis of transient focal lesions in the CC splenium has not been clarified, many theories remain on the agenda, especially in epilepsy patients.
Case
A 38-year-old male patient with idiopathic generalized epilepsy was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of frequent seizures. It was reported by his relatives that he had stopped carbamazepine treatment for the last three days. After his last epileptic attack, he had been headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased visual acuity, and prolonged confusion. The patient with diffusion restriction at the level of splenium CC in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whose seizure frequency increased, was evaluated by a neurology doctor. In his electroencephalography, spike waves were observed in both hemispheres, which were frequently generalized. The same lesion was not observed in the diffusion and MRI taken eight days later in the patient who had no seizures in the follow-up.
Discussion
Studies have shown that CC damage results in the disruption of cortical functions, with disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres and disturbances in consciousness. The clinical spectrum includes a fairly wide symptomatology. RESLES of the CC is an infrequent finding on MRI. Some of these lesions are associated with epileptic seizures, the sudden withdrawal of the antiepileptic drug, or usage.
Conclusion
RESLES, which we reviewed with etiology and clinical findings, still remains a mystery. It will be clarified with wide-ranging studies.
Kepercayaan Penjawat Awam Terhadap Pengurusan Wakaf Tunai Melalui Ejen Pentadbir Wakaf
Authors: Ab. Halim Muhammad Hisyamuddin , Wahid Hairunnizam , Mohd Noor Mohd Ali 
Published: March 2023

Kajian mengenai tahap kepercayaan pihak berkepentingan terhadap institusi yang menguruskan harta wakaf amat penting pada ketika ini. Ia bertujuan untuk memastikan keberkesanan pengurusan harta wakaf dalam semua aspek adalah seiring dengan pencapaiannya. Memandangkan institusi wakaf merupakan sebuah organisasi yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi umat Islam, maka tahap kepercayaan pihak berkepentingan terhadapnya perlu dikenalpasti. Pelantikan Ejen Pentadbir Wakaf sebagai ejen kutipan wakaf berbentuk tunai oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) merupakan pemangkin dalam membantu meningkatkan jumlah pengumpulan harta wakaf terutamanya wakaf yang berbentuk tunai. Sehubungan dengan itu, tahap kepercayaan masyarakat untuk menyumbangkan wakaf tunai melalui pihak ini kesan daripada pengetahuan serta hebahan dan promosi yang dilakukan perlu dikaji untuk melihat dengan lebih jelas tanggapan ini di kalangan masyarakat. Kajian ini telah dianalisis melalui kaedah analisis deskriptif dengan sampel data diperoleh menggunakan teknik sampel kemudahan (convenient sampling) dengan mengedarkan soal selidik secara atas talian (online survey) terhadap responden yang merupakan penjawat awam yang bekerja di Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya. Hasil kajian mendapati faktor Hebahan Berkenaan Wakaf Tunai Oleh Ejen Pentadbir Wakaf dan Pengetahuan Berkenaan Ejen Pentadbir Wakaf adalah signifikan mempengaruhi masyarakat untuk menyumbangkan wakaf tunai melalui Ejen Pentadbir Wakaf.