bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair chances for work: examining hiring practices for background checks and disparate impact
Authors: Hammer Emily Grace , Kimbell Joanna 
Published: January 2023

Research methodology
This case was developed from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary sources include journal and newspaper articles. Primary sources include court proceedings, industry reports and EEOC recommendations regarding disparate impact for major retailers. This case has been classroom tested with undergraduate BBA students in an introductory undergraduate Human Resources course.

Case overview/synopsis
In August 2019, Ms Ramos applied for an entry-level position at Stockworld; however, despite receiving an initial offer, Ms Ramos was notified soon after beginning the position that her job offer was being rescinded as a result of a completed background check. The Fair Chances Act for employment has challenged employers to “Ban the Box” that asks about criminal past acts before conditional employment offers. With increased demand for qualified applicants following and amid current labor shortages, proponents of “Ban the Box” challenge that including background checks before and even following conditional offers lead to disparate impact with Title VII protected classifications of employees. Can employers Ban the Box to prevent Disparate Impact for entry-level positions? What are the implications for eliminating criminal background checks?

Complexity academic level
This case was written for use in an undergraduate introductory human resource management course or general business law course. The focus of the case supports classroom discussion for online and face-to-face instruction regarding equal employment opportunity and employment decisions. The case also has strong application in course content regarding discrimination and strategic plans for organizational success. Educators who use critical thinking methods to apply hiring strategies or talent pipeline assessment can use this case to explore additional avenues for external recruitment and talent development.
Strength properties of fiber reinforced concrete including steel fibers
Authors: Adlparvar Mohammad Reza , Esmaeili Morteza , Taghavi Parsa Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to study the influence of the presence of steel and polyolefin (PO) fibers on the mechanical and durability properties of fiber and hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC and HFRC).

Design/methodology/approach
Hooked-end steel fibers having a length of 35 mm were applied at four different fiber content 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively. PO fibers having the length of 45 mm were also replaced with steel fibers at three different fiber content, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, to provide HFRC. The compressive, indirect tensile and flexural strengths; electrical resistivity; and water absorption were evaluated in this study.

Findings
The results showed that the addition of both steel and PO fibers led to improvements in the mechanical properties of FRC and HFRC. However, the replacement of steel fibers with PO fibers led to a slight loss in mechanical properties. Also, it was concluded that the addition of various types of fibers to concrete decreased both the electrical resistivity and water absorption compared with the control sample. Finally, distance-based approach analysis was used to select the most optimal mix designs.

Originality/value
According to this method, the HFRC specimen including 1.2% of steel and 0.8% of PO fibers was the most optimal mix design among all fiber-reinforced mix designs.
The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity–biomass relationships in a subtropical forest
Authors: Ma Jianhui , Chen Lei , Mi Xiangcheng , Ren Haibao , Liu Xiaojuan , Wang Yunquan , Wang Fang , Yao Yujun , Zhang Yue , Ma Keping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Observed biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships are highly variable, particularly in natural forests. However, our understanding of the factors that generate these often contradictory patterns, especially the role of different mycorrhizal associations, is still limited.

By relating tree species richness and above‐ground biomass (AGB) in a fully mapped 24‐ha subtropical forest dynamics plot, we evaluated the impacts of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal type in mediating BEF relationships at multiple spatial scales.

Our results demonstrate a highly positive total richness effect on AGB for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees but a negative effect on AGB for ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, and their relationships were highly spatial scale dependent. However, the observed BEF relationships turned into positive at small spatial scales (i.e. 10 and 20 m) after controlling for other confounding factors (i.e. topography, soil fertility and AM proportion). In addition, we found significant interactions between soil fertility and species richness on AGB. Specifically, the positive effect of total species richness on AGB for major mycorrhizal types gradually weakened with increasing soil fertility, while the positive effect of EcM species richness on AM AGB gradually enhanced at small spatial scales, suggesting the observed diversity effects can be largely attributed to resource niche complementarity and the role of EcM fungi.

Synthesis. We conclude that the variable BEF relationships among forest communities could be explained by spatial variation in abiotic environments and community mycorrhizal composition because different types of symbionts perform different nutrient uptake strategies and ability in protection from antagonists. Our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of the variation in the shape of BEF relationships in natural forests, which is critical for forest management, conservation and restoration in a changing world.
Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct
Authors: Goodwyn Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.
A DNA barcode reference library for the native woody seed plants of Japan
Authors: Setsuko Suzuki , Yoshimura Kensuke , Ueno Saneyoshi , Worth James Raymond Peter , Ujino‐Ihara Tokuko , Katsuki Toshio , Noshiro Shuichi , Fujii Tomoyuki , Arai Takahisa , Yoshimaru Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDNA barcode databases are increasingly available for a range of organisms, facilitating the wide application of DNA barcode‐based studies. Here we announce the development of a comprehensive DNA barcode reference library of Japanese native woody seed plants representing 43 orders, 99 families, 303 genera and 834 species, and comprising 77.3% of the genera and 72.2% of the species of native woody seed plants in Japan. A total of 6216 plant specimens were collected from 223 sites across the subtropical, temperate, boreal and alpine biomes in Japan with most species represented by multiple accessions. This reference library utilized three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL, trnH‐psbA and matK) and consists of 14,403 barcode sequences. Individual regions varied in their identification rates, with species‐level and genus‐level rates for rbcL, trnH‐psbA and matK based on blast being 57.4%/96.2%, 78.5%/99.1% and 67.8%/98.1%, respectively. Identification rates were higher using region combinations, with total species‐level rates for two region combinations (rbcL & trnH‐psbA, rbcL & matK and trnH‐psbA & matK) ranging between 90.6% and 95.8%, and for all three regions being equal to 98.6%. Genus‐level identification rates were even higher, ranging between 99.7% and 100% for two region combinations and being 100% for the three regions. These results indicate that this DNA barcode reference library is an effective resource for investigations of native woody seed plants in Japan using DNA barcodes and provides a useful template for the development of libraries for other components of the Japanese flora.
Specific organ metastases and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ziran , Gao Yibo , Tan Fengwei , Xue Qi , Gao Shugeng , He Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to characterize the specific organ metastatic rates in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and identify the prognosis‐associated factors.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, 40 117 patients diagnosed with positive histology as the only primary LUAD were included. We stratified patients by diagnosed year, age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance, location, TNM stage, organ‐specific metastases, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. We performed multivariable logistic and Cox regression to identify the factors associated with the presence of specific organ metastases and prognosis predictors.ResultsFor the 40 117 LUAD patients, 43.69%, 26.25%, 19.66%, 10.60%, and 17.89% had specific organ, bone, brain, liver, and lung metastases, respectively. The average survival in patients with organ metastases was 12.19 months, compared to 36.40 months in patients without metastases. In different kinds of metastatic organ cohorts, the longest average survival was 12.60 months in the lung metastases cohort, and the shortest was 8.43 months in liver metastases cohort. In total, 571 patients with metastases received surgery, which was significantly associated with decreased mortality (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.65–2.01, p < 0.01). Patients received surgery of lobectomy or extended (251 of 571, 43.96%) displayed the longest average survival (35.16 months); patients (294 of 571, 51.49%) received sub‐lobar resection, had the average survival (19.90 months); patients received local tumor destruction (26 of 571, 4.55%) had the shortest average survival (13.73 months).ConclusionThis study provides insights into the specific organ metastatic rates and prognosis in LUAD patients on a population level. These findings suggest that surgery resection should be taken into consideration in the treatment for these LUAD patients.
Clinical significance of MYC family protein expression in surgically resected high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Oshima Yuki , Haruki Tomohiro , Matsui Shinji , Makishima Karen , Sakabe Tomohiko , Umekita Yoshihisa , Nakamura Hiroshige 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesMYC family genes including MYC, MYCN, and MYCL are amplified and overexpressed as oncogenic drivers in high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (HGNEC), but little is known about their clinical significance. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of MYC family protein expression in patients with surgically resected HGNEC.MethodsImmunohistochemical analyses were performed on 83 resected specimens of HGNEC using antibodies against MYC family proteins (c‐MYC, n‐MYC, and l‐MYC). When nuclear staining of any intensity in ≥10% of tumor cells showed immunoreactivity with any one or more of c‐MYC, n‐MYC, or l‐MYC, the specimens were defined as MYC family‐positive.ResultsA total of 83 patients were analyzed. MYC family‐positive status was observed in 33.7% (28 of 83 cases) and was not correlated with clinicopathological factors. The protein expression was mutually exclusive and no duplicate cases were observed. A log‐rank test showed that MYC family‐positive status was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.003) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (p = 0.039). According to Cox multivariate analysis, MYC family‐positive status had a significant effect on shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.217, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.179–4.169, p = 0.014) and RFS (HR = 1.802, 95% CI 1.014–3.202, p = 0.045). In patients with pathological stage I, MYC family‐positive status also showed significantly poor OS (HR = 2.847, 95% CI 1.236–6.557, p = 0.014) and RFS (HR = 2.088, 95% CI 1.006–4.332, p = 0.048) in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsMYC family protein expression could be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with surgically resected HGNEC.
Can Online Civic Education Induce Democratic Citizenship? Experimental Evidence from a New Democracy
Authors: E. Finkel Steven , Neundorf Anja , Rascón Ramírez Ericka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow can democratic values and behavior be induced in new democracies? We designed and tested three original civic education interventions to answer this question, using Tunisia as a case study. Participants were recruited through Facebook and Instagram, where they were randomly assigned to either one of three treatment groups or a placebo. Two treatments were derived from prospect theory, emphasizing the gains of a democratic system or the losses of an autocratic system. A third treatment, derived from self‐efficacy theory, provided practical information regarding participation in the upcoming 2019 elections. Our findings suggest that online civic education has a considerable effect on democratic citizenship, including a significant reduction in authoritarian nostalgia and increasing intended political behavior. We further find differences between the three treatments, with the loss and gain treatments having overall more consistent impact than self‐efficacy, though the latter frame has notable effects on political efficacy and registration.
‘Guilty as charged’: Intersectionality and accountability in lay talk on discrimination and violence
Authors: Figgou Lia , Bozatzis Nikos , Kadianaki Irini 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough intersectionality is gaining ground in social psychological research, most approaches fail to capture the historically and interactionally contingent nature of intersecting identities and the implications of their mobilization. This study, aiming at addressing this lacuna, focuses on the intersection of identities as lay actors' resource, used to account for the murder of Zak Kostopoulos, a young LGBTQI+ activist in Greece. Data are derived from 4 focus group discussions in which 25 young people, aged between 19 and 25 years old, participated. Using concepts provided by discursive/rhetorical psychology, analysis indicated that the rhetorical occasioning of intersecting identities is oriented to social accountability concerns and accomplishes important positioning work for the speakers. Specifically, by underscoring the intersecting (sexual/class) identities of the victim, speakers accentuated the moral charge against the perpetrators, distancing themselves from the (constructed as prototypically Greek) image of the un‐enlightened and servile bigot. However, although participants explained ZK's murder through recourse to his intersecting identities, they grounded claims for justice on a common human identity (independent of class and sexuality). Findings are discussed in relation to the need to advance a critical agenda for social psychology research on intersectionality and to processes of ideological reproduction in the context of LGBTQΙ+ politics.
Sequential detection rates of intramural hematoma for diagnosing spontaneous intracranial artery dissection
Authors: Hosoki Satoshi , Fukuda‐Doi Mayumi , Miwa Kaori , Yoshimura Sohei , Morita Yoshiaki , Chiba Tetsuya , Noda Kotaro , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Ikenouchi Hajime , Makita Naoki , Mizoguchi Tadataka , Nakamura Yuki , Satow Tetsu , Kataoka Hiroharu , Toyoda Kazunori , Ihara Masafumi , Koga Masatoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSpontaneous intracranial artery dissection (IAD) can be definitively diagnosed by detecting intramural hematoma (IMH) on arterial wall imaging. However, evidence of a time‐dependent natural history for the development of radiological findings is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine when imaging detects IAD.MethodsWe obtained data from our cohort databases between March 2011 and August 2018 on consecutive patients who had definite, probable, or possible IAD based on the multidisciplinary expert consensus criteria. We assessed IMH on initial and follow‐up high‐resolution three‐dimensional T1‐weighted imaging (HR‐3D‐T1WI). We retrospectively investigated the association between IMH detection and days from symptom onset to initial HR‐3D‐T1WI and compared the IMH detection rate with other definitive diagnostic arterial dissection findings.ResultsWe analyzed 106 patients (mean age = 51 ± 13 years, 31 women) with at least initial HR‐3D‐T1WI data. The final diagnoses were definite, probable, and possible IAD in 83, 18, and 5 patients, respectively. IMHs were observed in 63 patients (59%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 49%–69%). Overall IMH detection rate was 55% (95% CI = 45%–64%), 20% (95% CI = 3%–60%), 40% (95% CI = 21%–64%), and 50% (95% CI = 37%–63%) on the initial HR‐3D‐T1WI and Days 3, 7, and 13, respectively. Among 68 patients evaluated with digital subtraction angiography and HR‐3D‐T1WI, IMH was confirmed more frequently than other definitive diagnostic arterial dissection findings.ConclusionsThe overall IMH detection rate on HR‐3D‐T1WI was >50% and peaked in 1–2 weeks. IMH was a frequently detectable finding for the diagnosis of IAD compared to other radiological findings.
The clinical impact of testing for biomarkers in gastric cancer patients: a real‐world cohort
Authors: van der Sluis Karen , van Sandick Johanna W , van Dieren Jolanda M , Vollebergh Marieke A , Grootscholten Cecile , van den Berg José G , Snaebjornsson Petur , Hartemink Koen J , Veenhof Alexander A F A , Chalabi Myriam , Kodach Liudmila L 
Published: January 2023

Background and aimsIn gastric cancer (GC), HER2 was the first biomarker for guided therapy registered for clinical use. Considering the recent approvals of immune check‐point blockade (ICB) in gastro‐oesophageal cancers, testing for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and PD‐L1 combined positive score (CPS) is becoming increasingly important. Here we describe a real‐world cohort on biomarker assessment in GC patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with GC between 2017 and 2021 were included. Biomarker results were retrieved from electronic patient files. PD‐L1 CPS was determined retrospectively on dMMR and EBV‐positive (EBV+) tumours. Data on genomic sequencing were analysed separately.ResultsOf 363 patients identified, 45% had metastatic disease. In 335 patients (92%) at least one biomarker was tested. The prevalence of HER2+, dMMR and EBV+ tumours was 10% (32 of 319), 7% (20 of 294) and 1% (three of 235), respectively. Of the dMMR and EBV+ tumours, 95% had a PD‐L1 CPS ≥ 5. Therapeutic strategy was adjusted in 31 of 55 patients and consisted of anti‐HER2 therapies as well as ICB in clinical trials. Genomic alterations were found in 44 of 60 tested patients. TP53 (73%) and PIK3CA (20%) mutations were most common, followed by KRAS mutations (11%) and amplifications (11%).ConclusionsIn this real‐world cohort, testing for HER2, dMMR and EBV status affected treatment decisions in 56% of the patients. Although most dMMR and EBV+ tumours had a PD‐L1 CPS ≥ 5, not all patients with a high probability of treatment response are identified. Based on these results, a stepwise diagnostic strategy is proposed.
The importance of screening for speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) in police custody
Authors: Holland Clare , Hutchinson Patrick , Peacock Donna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeople who have speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) are more prevalent in criminal justice settings than in the wider population. Previous research focusing primarily on young people and the prison population has led to calls for early interventions and screening, particularly in youth justice settings. NHS Liaison and Diversion (L&D) referrals in a single police force region in England were screened for SLCN over a period of three months. The results indicate a need for early identification of SLCN for all age groups, and for those with no previous SLCN‐related diagnoses.
Nutritional composition and volatile compounds stability in dry‐heat and extruded stabilised rice bran during storage
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Liu Kunlun , Hen Simeng , Jatoi Mushtaque Ahmed , Sarpong Frederick 
Published: January 2023

SummaryFresh rice bran (RB) is susceptible to rancidity during storage and transportation and needs a stabilisation process to inactivate enzymes and retain maximum nutrients. Two stabilisation methods, i.e., dry‐heat and extrusion, were applied to study the changes in nutritional composition, volatile compounds, and storage stability of rice bran under varied conditions. Both methods stabilised phytic acid content at 0.55–0.60 μmol L−1; the overall oryzanol content was reduced and found to be less in untreated rice bran. The increase in dry‐heat treatment time and temperature accelerated the oryzanol loss and the loss rate was lower than untreated RB while the oryzanol content was higher at end of storage. Similarly, the reduction rate in oryzanol content by extrusion treatment was positively correlated with storage temperature. Both methods significantly increased the total dietary and soluble dietary fibre but reduced vitamin E content. The extrusion treatment was better at stabilising different volatile compounds (such as aldehydes and ketones) than the dry‐heat treatment in the rice bran. The most volatile substances were hydrocarbons. Dry heat and extrusion increase aldehydes and ketones, oxidising RB and reducing its quality while aldehydes and ketones decreased during storage.
Conformational changes and functional properties of soy lipophilic protein‐epicatechin complexes formed by non‐covalent interaction
Authors: Sun Bingyu , Yuan Gao , Liu Linlin , Huang Yuyang , Lu Mingshou , Zhu Ying , Li Zhimin , Yi Chengyuan , Zhu Xiuqing 
Published: January 2023

SummarySoy lipoprotein (SLP) is the main component of soy protein isolate in addition to β‐conglycinin (7 S) and glycinin (11 S), The contents of 7 S, 11 S and SLP were 23%, 46% and 31%, respectively. It has the effect of reducing blood cholesterol and triglyceride and can be used as a good carrier for transporting conjugated linoleic acid. This study investigated the effect of the interaction between soy lipophilic protein (SLP) and epicatechin (EC) on protein structure, their binding mode, physicochemical and antioxidant activities. Different concentrations of epicatechin (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg mL−1) were used to interact with soybean lipophilic protein. Identification of the binding mode of SLP and EC was achieved by Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was revealed that epicatechin bound to SLP mainly through hydrophobic interaction. The addition of EC changed the secondary structure of SLP, decreased α‐helix and random coil contents and increased β‐strand contents. Fluorescence spectrum analysis results showed that after the combination of SLP with EC, the tertiary structure of the protein became loose and the surface hydrophobicity decreased due to unfolding of the protein polypeptide chain. The emulsifying and antioxidant activities of SLP were improved after complexation with EC. This study provides clarifications on the mechanism of the formation of SLP‐EC complex and provides a new avenue in developing new food carriers using plant proteins and polyphenols.