bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity optical fiber microphone based on graphene oxide and Au nanocoating
Authors: Hou Liangtao , Li Yan , Sun Libin , Liu Chao , Zheng Yichao , Liu Yi , Qu Shiliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A high-fidelity optical fiber microphone (HF-OFM) with hybrid frequency and fast response is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by the nanofabrication techniques for real-time communication, which consists of a graphene oxide (GO) film, an Au nanocoating, and an air cavity. The internal stress of the film is increased by the method of mechanical tensile preparation, and the microphone response flatness is improved. Meanwhile, the structural design of the 3 nm Au nanocoating improves the acoustic pressure detection sensitivity by 2.5 times by increasing the reflectivity. The experimental result shows that single, dual, and triple frequency acoustic signal detection in the frequency range of 0.1 kHz–20 kHz are achieved with acoustic pressure sensitivities of 9.64, 9.66, and 8.9 V/Pa, as well as flat frequency response (<2 dB variation). The minimum detectable pressure (MDP) at 1 kHz is 63.25 μPa/Hz1/2. In addition, the high-fidelity real-time transmission of audio signals over an angle range of −90° to 90° is verified by a self-made acoustic pressure detection device. Such a compact, high sensitivity, and large measurement range HF-OFM is very promising for applications of oil leakage exploration, acoustic source location, and real-time communication.
An exploratory study of a simplified approach to evaluate drug solubility in milk related vehicles
Authors: Li Sean , Gabriel Justin , Martinez Marilyn , Longstaff David , Coffey Martin , Zhao Fang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Milk related materials are frequently used as a vehicle for drug product administration. Therefore, drug solubility information in milk related vehicles is desirable for prediction of how they may influence in vivo drug release and bioavailability. However, there are very limited data published on this topic. This study explored a practical method to address the key challenges associated with solubility assessment in milk, including the sample equilibration time and cleanup procedures.

Methods
Amitriptyline, acetaminophen, dexamethasone, nifedipine, piroxicam, and prednisolone were selected as model drugs to represent a wide range of physicochemical properties. Their solubilities were determined at room temperature in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, skim milk, whole milk, reconstituted milk powder, and unprocessed raw milk.

Results
The overall results confirmed that milk greatly improves the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the extent of improvement and mechanism of solubilization appeared unique for each drug, highlighting the importance of evaluating milk solubility experimentally.

Conclusions
The method used in this exploratory study can be applied in future investigations of a broader range of drugs and milk-related vehicles.
Condensate functionalization with microtubule motors directs their nucleation in space and allows manipulating RNA localization
Authors: Cochard Audrey , Safieddine Adham , Combe Pauline , Benassy Marie‐Noëlle , Weil Dominique , Gueroui Zoher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe localization of RNAs in cells is critical for many cellular processes. Whereas motor‐driven transport of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates plays a prominent role in RNA localization in cells, their study remains limited by the scarcity of available tools allowing to manipulate condensates in a spatial manner. To fill this gap, we reconstitute in cellula a minimal RNP transport system based on bioengineered condensates, which were functionalized with kinesins and dynein‐like motors, allowing for their positioning at either the cell periphery or centrosomes. This targeting mostly occurs through the active transport of the condensate scaffolds, which leads to localized nucleation of phase‐separated condensates. Then, programming the condensates to recruit specific mRNAs is able to shift the localization of these mRNAs toward the cell periphery or the centrosomes. Our method opens novel perspectives for examining the role of RNA localization as a driver of cellular functions.
Erythrocyte ENT1-AMPD3 Axis is an Essential Purinergic Hypoxia Sensor and Energy Regulator Combating CKD in a Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Changhan , Xie TingTing , Zhang Yujin , Wang Yiyan , Yu Fang , Lin Lizhen , Zhang Weiru , Brown Benjamin C. , Zhang Xin , Kellems Rodney E. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Xia Yang 
Published: September 2023

Significance Statement
Hypoxia drives kidney damage and progression of CKD. Although erythrocytes respond rapidly to hypoxia, their role and the specific molecules sensing and responding to hypoxia in CKD remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated in a mouse model that erythrocyte ENT1-AMPD3 is a master energy regulator of the intracellular purinergic hypoxic compensatory response that promotes rapid energy supply from extracellular adenosine, eAMPK-dependent metabolic reprogramming, and O2 delivery, which combat renal hypoxia and progression of CKD. ENT1-AMPD3-AMPK-BPGM comprise a group of circulating erythroid-specific biomarkers, providing early diagnostic and novel therapeutic targets for CKD.

Background
Hypoxia drives kidney damage and progression of CKD. Although erythrocytes respond rapidly to hypoxia, their role and the specific molecules sensing and responding to hypoxia in CKD remain unclear.

Methods
Mice with an erythrocyte-specific deficiency in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (eEnt1

−/−
) and a global deficiency in AMP deaminase 3 (Ampd3

−/−
) were generated to define their function in two independent CKD models, including angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Unbiased metabolomics, isotopic adenosine flux, and various biochemical and cell culture analyses coupled with genetic studies were performed. Translational studies in patients with CKD and cultured human erythrocytes examined the role of ENT1 and AMPD3 in erythrocyte function and metabolism.

Results

eEnt1

−/−
mice display severe renal hypoxia, kidney damage, and fibrosis in both CKD models. The loss of eENT1-mediated adenosine uptake reduces intracellular AMP and thus abolishes the activation of AMPKα and bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM). This results in reduced 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and glutathione, leading to overwhelming oxidative stress in eEnt1

−/−
mice. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates AMPD3, resulting in metabolic reprogramming and reduced O2 delivery, leading to severe renal hypoxia in eEnt1

−/−
mice. By contrast, genetic ablation of AMPD3 preserves the erythrocyte adenine nucleotide pool, inducing AMPK-BPGM activation, O2 delivery, and antioxidative stress capacity, which protect against Ang II-induced renal hypoxia, damage, and CKD progression. Translational studies recapitulated the findings in mice.

Conclusion
eENT1-AMPD3, two highly enriched erythrocyte purinergic components that sense hypoxia, promote eAMPK-BPGM–dependent metabolic reprogramming, O2 delivery, energy supply, and antioxidative stress capacity, which mitigates renal hypoxia and CKD progression.
N95 MASKE KULLANIMININ RETİNA DAMAR DANSİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN OPTİK KOHERENS TOMOGRAFİ ANJİYOGRAFİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇOMÇALI Sebile , YILMAZ Uğur , KILIÇ Raşit , COŞKUN Çiğdem , ÇAVDARLI Cemal , ALP Mehmet Numan 
Published: September 2023

Amaç
Sağlık çalışanlarında FFP2/N95 yüz maskesinin oksijen
satürasyonu (SpO2), maküla ve optik disk damar
dansitesi üzerindeki etkisinin optik koherens tomografi
anjiyografi (OKTA) ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya 19 gönüllü sağlık çalışanının 38 gözü dahil
edilmiştir. Tam oftalmolojik muayeneleri yapılmıştır.
N95 maske takılmasından hemen önce ve 4 saat sürekli
kullanımından hemen sonra oksijen saturasyonunu
değerlendirmek için parmak tipi puls oksimetre ve
optik disk ile retinal damar dansitelerini değerlendirmek
için Angiovue OKTA cihazı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan
bu süre içerisinde maskelerini çıkarmamaları
istenmiştir. OKTA ile maske takılmadan ve çıkarılmadan
hemen önce maküla ve optik disk damar dansiteleri
değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular
Çalışmaya dahil edilen 19 gönüllünün 15’i kadın, 4’ü
erkekti. Ortalama yaş 36,64 ± 9,3 yıldı. Tüm gözlerde
Snellen’e göre düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği 20/20
idi ve tümünün göz içi basınç ölçümleri normal sınırlardaydı.
N95 maske takılmadan önceki oksijen satürasyonu
%97,94 ± 0,8, dört saat kullanım sonrasında
ise %96,14 ±1,8 idi. Maske kullanımı sonrası santral
maküla kalınlığında (SMK) anlamlı artış (p
Correlates and Predictors of NT-proBNP in Life Insurance Applicants
Authors: Rigatti Steven J. , Stout Robert 
Published: September 2023

Objectives.—To document the various laboratory and demographic/historical correlates of NT-proBNP levels in applicants for life insurance, and to explore the accuracy of a prediction model based on those variables.
Method.—NT-proBNP blood test results were obtained from 1.34 million insurance applicants between the age of 50 and 85 years, beginning in 2003. Exploratory data analysis was carried out to document correlations with other laboratory variables, sex, age, and the presence of relevant diseases. Further, predictive models were used to quantify the proportion of the variance of NT-proBNP, which can be explained by a combination of these other, easier to determine variables.
Results.—NT-proBNP shows the expected, negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is markedly higher in those with a history of heart disease and is somewhat higher in those with a history of hypertension. A strong, unexpected, negative correlation between NT-proBNP and albumin was discovered. Of the variables evaluated, a multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model automated selection procedure selected 7 variables (age, sex, albumin, eGFR, BMI, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and history of heart disease). Variable importance evaluation determined that age, albumin and eGFR were the 3 most important continuous variables in the prediction of NT-proBNP levels. An ordinary least squares (OLS) model using these same variables achieved a R-squared of 24.7%.
Conclusion.—Expected ranges of NT-proBNP may vary substantially depending on the value of other variables in the prediction equation. Albumin is significantly negatively correlated with NT-proBNP levels. The reasons for this are unclear.
Inequality of digital learning for social sciences: Critical role of strategic management of education
Authors: Rasimin Rasimin , Herwin Herwin , Senen Anwar , Dahalan Shakila Che 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the inequality of digital learning during the pandemic. The focus of the research is on digital learning in the field of social studies which is located in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research using observation, interview, and documentary studies that investigate the inequality of online learning in social studies and strategic education management studies conducted by MI teachers. This study concludes that the inequality that occurs is not much different from elementary schools in general. However, MI has the advantage of the competence aspect of its teachers who also have Islamic religious knowledge so that they are able to provide moral support to students and parents who have a central role during digital learning carried out from home. This study has implications for the importance of the government's role as a facilitator and policyholder to support a better learning system to minimize the disparity in digital learning which is increasingly worrying during the pandemic.

Keywords: Education inequalities, online learning, social studies, digital divide, strategic education management.
Análise dos financiamentos em formação avançada na área de Ciências da Educação em Portugal
Authors: Pacheco Emilce , Fonseca Dora Ramos 
Published: September 2023

Introdução: Atualmente, a ciência e tecnologia para a inovação ganharam maior relevância, mais investimentos, estudos a aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre os financiamentos para a ciência são imprescindíveis. Objetivo: O presente artigo objetiva analisar o direcionamento às pesquisas financiadas pela Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia entre os anos de 2018 e 2021, identificando a distribuição de bolsas destinadas à área de Ciências da Educação, comparativamente entre os Domínios Científicos e Áreas Científicas designadas pela fundação. A questão norteadora de pesquisa é: A forma como a FCT distribui suas bolsas de Doutoramento inviabiliza um processo equânime de produção de ciência entre os Domínios Científicos e Áreas Científicas do Conhecimento? O artigo analisa o tema financiamento da ciência, com foco na Ciência da Educação e a disputa em torno da sua produção e apropriação pelos Domínios e Áreas Científicas do Conhecimento. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental baseada em dados coletados da página eletrônica da FCT, de abordagem quantitativa, analisada por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os dados demonstraram que o Domínio Científico que recebe o maior quantitativo de bolsas é o de Ciências Exatas e das Engenharias e a Área de Ciências da Educação, comparativamente as outras áreas, está em 19ª posição das 36 áreas que recebem bolsas. Existem diferenças significativas na distribuição de bolsas entre os Domínios e Áreas Científicas. Conclusão: Sustentados pela literatura que investiga a área, considera-se que os financiamentos seguem uma lógica de agendas pré-definidas, ou seja, o investimento no conhecimento instrumental é mais importante pois beneficia as questões do mercado econômico.
Integration of STEAM and ESD: Improving the understanding of fluid concepts and creativity
Authors: Khoiri Nur , Roshayanti Fenny , Widarti Rezki 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to develop a learning model that integrated ESD-oriented STEAM with fluid ideas to produce ESD-oriented STEAM-based learning. This study employs the Borg and Gall model which is simplified into three steps. The effectiveness and documentation were evaluated using questionnaires for experts and educational practitioners, observation sheets for student creativity and pre- and post-test sheets. The data analysis involves both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings demonstrated the characteristics of STEAM-based physics learning tools including increased creativity and student learning outcomes. Analyzing how ESD-focused STEAM-based learning resources are used in the developed fluid material yields beneficial results. Student learning outcomes increased in the moderate category. The average score for student creativity was 86.12% in the very good category showing that the usage of learning resources including worksheets based on STEAM subjects and ESD was successful in enhancing creativity and student learning outcomes. This study has implications for improving student interest in physics education. The findings of this study can also be used to advise curriculum designers to incorporate this model for physics teachers to use while instructing physics in their courses.
A high throughput-mating assay between S. cerevisiae natural strains reveals a genetic basis for sexual selection and fitness inheritance
Authors: Pilpel Yitzhak , Strauss Sivan Kaminski , Golomb Ruthie , Arad Sivan , Liti Gianni , Dahan Orna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Sexual mating is key to evolutionary processes, allowing combination of beneficial alleles between individuals. Data across species suggest that organisms can exert selection of partners that in part depends on factors such as genetic distance and fitness of partners. Fitness is the ultimate evolutionary trait, and its inheritance as a quantitative trait is multi-genic. Revealing the factors that govern mate selection and fitness inheritance are critical for understanding the effects of sex on evolution. Yet, large data are limited, main conclusions are inconsistent, and bigger and consistent datasets are needed. Here, we developed a massive mating assay that enables the simultaneous quantification of mate choice among ~100 Saccharomyces cerevisiae natural strains. DNA barcode recombination allows sequencing of recombined barcode pairs to reveal mating frequencies among all strains, and fitness measurements of both parental haploids and offspring diploids. We find preferential mating with partners with which higher-fitness offspring emerge. Following inheritance of fitness, we find that offspring fitness in fermentable carbon source correlates mainly with parental fitness, while on non-fermentable carbon, offspring fitness is mainly an increasing function of the genetic distance between their parents. Our results suggest that mate choice and fitness inheritance depend upon environmental condition and strains genetics.
Outcome of use of a novel Modulator of Oxidative Phosphorylation on kidney function in patients with Chronic Kidney disease
Authors: Okundaye Ebima Clifford , Enobakhare Ella Egberanmwen , Escamilla Christina , Okundaye Ebima , Chiejine Gibson , Okotete George , obimah chika , Ward Diamondnesday 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
CKD is a contributor to illness and is associated with a diminished quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Several studies have proposed and evaluated therapeutic options of curbing the progression of the disease and decline in kidney function as measured by the glomerular filtration rate . Although these medications have been shown to be helpful in minimizing the rate of decline of CKD progression , currently no therapeutic option is available for patients to restore or repair any already incident loss of glomerular function leading to an improvement in renal function from their baseline . A new pathway targeting NAD+ pathway has been proposed by animal studies . In this article we studied the effect of utilizing a novel drug QRX3 , a promoter of NAD/NAD+ oxidative phosphorylation pathway and its effect of glomerular filtrate rate in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methodology
We invited and screened patients presenting for evaluation and follow up at a nephrology outpatient clinic . 45 patients were screened for the study. Diabetes and Hypertension were the causes of CKD in the study population . 17 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate between 9 and 48 mls/min/1.73m2 and meeting criteria were included in the study and were started on the novel medication in addition to their standard CKD management. The primary outcome was a mean and percentage change in glomerular filtration rate at 3 months and at 6 months.
Results
Using analysis of the data for all participants, the mean change in renal function by eGFR was from 29 mls per minute to 35.5 mls per minute at three months (P-0.027 Confidence interval 22.68 to 35.43, DF 16 , SE 3.01 ) ,which was sustained at 35.2 mls per minute at six months ( p=0.07 DF 11 Confidence interval 23.1 to 40.05 , SE 3.8) . This reflected a percentage mean increase of 20.9 % for all the study participants. This effect was similar for percentage increase from the mean eGFR at 3 months for both stage 3 and 4 ( P= 0.0086 for CKD 3 and P=0.02 for CKD 4 ) when compared to CKD stage 5 patients.
Conclusion
Among patients with slowly declining chronic kidney disease , the use of a novel drug target of NAD/NAD+ oxidative phosphorylation pathway resulted in a mean improvement in their kidney function above baseline ,an effect that was sustained even at 6 months.
Deep learning-based estimation of axial length using macular optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Yu Xiaobing , Liu Jing , Li Hui , Zhou You , Zhang Yue , Song Shuang , Gu Xiaoya , Xu Jingjing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to develop deep learning models using macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to estimate axial lengths (ALs) in eyes without maculopathy.
Methods
A total of 2 664 macular OCT images from 444 patients' eyes without maculopathy, who visited Beijing Hospital between March 2019 and October 2021, were included. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing sets with a ratio of 6:2:2. Three pre-trained models (ResNet 18, ResNet 50, and ViT) were developed for binary classification (AL ≥ 26mm) and regression task. Ten-fold cross-validation was performed, and Grad-CAM analysis was employed to visualize AL-related macular features. Additionally, retinal thickness measurements were used to predict AL by linear and logistic regression models.
Results
ResNet 50 achieved an accuracy of 0.872 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.840–0.899), with high sensitivity of 0.804 (95% CI, 0.728–0.867) and specificity of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.861–0.923). The mean absolute error for AL prediction was 0.83 mm (95% CI, 0.72–0.95 mm). The best AUC, and accuracy of AL estimation using macular OCT images (0.929, 87.2%) was superior to using retinal thickness measurements alone (0.747, 77.8%). AL-related macular features were on the fovea and adjacent regions.
Conclusions
OCT images can be effectively utilized for estimating AL with good performance via deep learning. The AL-related macular features exhibit a localized pattern in the macula, rather than continuous alterations throughout the entire region. These findings can lay the foundation for future research in the pathogenesis of AL-related maculopathy.
Racial Discrimination and Administrative Burden in Access to Public Services
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Jilke Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Equal access to public services is a foundational element of democratic societies. Yet, stark inequalities in access to public services persist, partially due to bureaucratic discrimination, or differential treatment by bureaucrats. This study investigates the causal mechanism of bureaucratic discrimination, arguing that racial discrimination can serve as a means of cream skimming, when there are economic incentives to prioritize easier-to-serve clientele. We predict that in the absence of information regarding prospective clients’ performance, group-level performance information will be imposed on racially minoritized individuals. We implemented a nationwide email correspondence audit experiment including all charter school principals in the U.S. (n = 5,850). The findings show that Black email aliases faced significantly higher administrative burdens in trying to get access to charter schools than White email aliases when no performance signal was provided. However, when a direct signal of clients’ performance was introduced, the racial disparities diminished. These results provide evidence on the causal mechanism of bureaucratic discrimination as a means of cream-skimming.