bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kombinasi ZPT IAA dan BAP Terhadap Induksi Tunas Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) Varietas Kasturi 2 Secara In Vitro
Authors: Abdillah Dewaldi Maulana , Madjid Abdul , Wardati Irma , Asmono Sepdian Luri 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) Varietas Kasturi 2 dikenal sebagai bahan baku utama industri rokok yang tumbuh dominan di wilayah Jember selama musim kemarau. Budidaya tanaman tembakau selama ini umumnya dilakukan secara konvensional, yang mengakibatkan terbentuknya sifat genetik yang tidak sama persis dengan induknya. Selain itu, melibatkan sejumlah tenaga kerja yang tinggi dan langkah-langkah kerja yang spesifik. Sehingga, teknik kultur jaringan (in vitro) merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ZPT IAA dan BAP terhadap induksi tunas Tembakau Varietas Kasturi 2.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian mulai dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2023 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Politeknik Negeri Jember. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan 4 kali ulangan dengan konsentrasi P0 (Kontrol (tanpa zpt)), P1 (MS + IAA 0,5 ppm + BAP 1 ppm), P2 (MS + IAA 0,5 ppm + BAP 2 ppm), P3 (MS + IAA 0,5 ppm + BAP 3 ppm), P4 (MS + IAA 1 ppm + BAP 1 ppm), P5 (MS + IAA 1 ppm + BAP 2 ppm) dan P6 (MS + IAA 1 ppm + BAP 3 ppm). Eksplan yang digunakan adalah daun Tembakau Varietas Kasturi 2 yang masih muda.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, apabila hasil menunjukkan pengaruh Berbeda Sangat Nyata maka dilakukan Uji Lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi ZPT IAA dan BAP Berbeda Sangat Nyata terhadap parameter Waktu Muncul Tunas 11 HIS (P1) , Jumlah Tunas 23.8 (P3), Berat Segar 8 g (P3), Tinggi Tunas 23,4 cm (P3) , Persentase Eksplan Bertunas 100% (P2) dan berbeda tidak nyata terhadap parameter Persentase Eksplan Hidup, Persentase Eksplan Browning dan Persentase Kontaminasi Eksplan.
Simpulan. P0. P1. P2. P3. P4, P5, dan P6, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ZPT IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) dan BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) berpengaruh terhadap parameter pengamatan. Parameter tersebut mencangkup Waktu Muncul Tunas 11.0 hari, Jumlah Tunas 23.8 tunas, Berat Segar 8 gram, Tinggi Tunas 23.4 cm, dan Persentase Eksplan Bertunas 100 % pada Tembakau Varietas Kasturi 2. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ZPT IAA dan BAP memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman tembakau varietas kasturi 2.
Pengaruh Aplikasi <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> Terhadap Populasi Dan Mortalitas Hama Uret Tebu (<i>Lepidiota stigma</i> F.) Di Desa Grati Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Putri Widiyanti Eka , Wardati Irma 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Tanaman Tebu (Saccaharum officinarum L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil gula yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari (Ilhamsyah, 2022). Tingkat produktivitas tebu di Indonesia tergolong rendah, yaitu sekitar 5.512 kg/hektar. Tingkat produktivitas tebu nasional yang rendah ini tidak dapat mengimbangi tingginya konsumsi gula nasional membuat Indonesia harus mengimpor gula dari luar negeri. Salah satu penyebab produktivitas tebu kurang optimal adalah serangan hama dan penyakit (Muliasari & Trilaksono, 2021). Hama uret (Lepidiota stigma F.) merupakan salah satu hama tanaman tebu yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hingga 50%. Untuk pengendalian hama uret dapat menggunakan pengendalian hayati yang berupa cendawan Metarhizium anisopliae.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Terdiri dari 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (kontrol) dan P1 (Pengaplikasian M. anisopliae dengan kerapatan 109 spora/ml) dengan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 30 sampel dan menggunakan metode aplikasi dengan cara ditabur secara langsung. Parameter penelitian ini meliputi populasi, mortalitas, dan perubahan fisik hama uret tebu. Analisis data menggunakan uji T-Test Independent.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Pada pengamatan perlakuan P0 (kontrol) menunjukkan mortalitas pada pengamatan ke-1 sampai ke-4 adalah 0%. Sedangkan, pada perlakuan P1 (M. anisopliae) menunjukkan rata-rata mortalitas mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan, yaitu dengan persentase mortalitas yang mencapai 67,5% pada pengamatan ke-4. Populasi hama uret pra aplikasi P1 memiliki rata rata 3,27 larva/rumpun, pengamatan ke-1 (14 HSA) 3,27 larva/rumpun, pengamatan ke 2 (28 HSA) 3,03 larva/rumpun, pengamatan ke 3 (42 HSA) 2,20 larva/rumpun, dan pengamatan ke 4 (56 HSA) 1,13 larva/rumpun. Sedangan untuk perlakuan kontrol populasi hama uret pra aplikasi dan pengamatan ke 1 memiliki rata - rata 3,17 larva/rumpun, dan untuk pengamatan ke 2-4 memiliki rerata populasi 3,23 larva/rumpun. Hama uret yang terserang M. anispoliae akan mati dalam keadaan kaku, berwarna putih, dan tidak berbau.
Simpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa agens hayati Metarhizium anisopliae berpengaruh nyata pada populasi dan mortalitas hama uret tanaman tebu dengan persentase mortalitas mencapai 67,5% pada pengamatan ke-4.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Biopesnut Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (<i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.)
Authors: Septian M. Yusuf Adi 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan utama di Indonesia yang memiliki peran penting dalam peningkatan devisa negara melalui ekspor. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao itu dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Media tanam merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang diharapkan mampu memberikan kondisi lingkungan mikro perakaran yang sesuai. Faktor eksternal seperti ketersediaan unsur hara, air dan oksigen pada media tanam tanah ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan pupuk organik di dalamnya. atau akibat rekayasa manusia berbentuk padat atau pupuk organik bentuk cair. Pupuk-pupuk organik yang diberikan ini akan mampu menambah bahan organik, meningkatkan ketersediaan hara makro dan mikro, memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, serta meminimalisasi gangguan mikroorganisme merugikan, maka media pertumbuhan bibit kakao di pembibitan diberikan biocharbon+pestisidanutrisi (biopesnut) pada media tanam sebagai media tanam cacao alternatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi biopesnut terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao di pembibitan.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Perlakuan B0 (kontrol), B1 biopesnut konsentrasi 5%, B2 biopesnut konsentrasi 10%, B3 biopesnut konsentrasi 15% yang diulang sebanyak 6 (enam) kali. Parameter pengamatan yaitu Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non-Faktorial dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, apabila hasil menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNT taraf 5%.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi biopesnut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat tajuk basah, dan berat tajuk kering.
Simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, maka disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi biopesnut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat tajuk basah, dan berat tajuk kering.
Comparing Self-Perceived Awareness to Actual Awareness of the Podiatric Profession Among High School and College Students
Authors: Starr Ashlee , Duong Tiffany , Jenkins David W. , Bolch Charlotte , Jensen Jeffrey L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: Over the past few years there has been a decrease in the number of applicants applying to podiatric medical school. It has been suggested that this may be due to unfamiliarity with the profession of podiatric medicine. The goal of this study is to shed light on the misconceptions and lack of awareness of podiatric medicine so that the profession can better bridge the gap in knowledge with a resultant strategy to better increase recruiting efforts. It is hypothesized that high school and college students will overestimate their awareness of podiatry and that a significant percentage of students will have a low actual awareness of the profession. It is presumed that this shortfall will be greater in high school students.
Methods: An eight question self-completion survey was created using RedCap that analyzed self-perceived and actual awareness of the podiatric profession. 318 students, 171 high school and 147 college, attending school within the state of Arizona completed the survey to test their actual and perceived knowledge of podiatry.
Results: A total of 294 survey responses met the inclusion criteria and were used in the final evaluation of data. 57.1% of high school students and 47.9% of college students described their knowledge of podiatry as “poor”. Each of the five true/false questions were answered incorrectly over 50% of the time. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between student's perceived knowledge of podiatry (good and higher, fair or poor) compared to their actual knowledge of podiatry.
Conclusion: Evidence supports that many high school and undergraduate students are unaware of the podiatric profession. Furthermore, there are many misconceptions that are believed about the profession that could be causing a decline in applicants over the last few years.
Results of Bioabsorbable Screws for the Fixation of Chevron Osteotomy in the Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformities
Authors: Zhang Hanyang , Li Zhaoyan , Zhong Zhuan , Huang Bingzhe , Jiang Zhende , Chang Fei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and reliability of using bioabsorbable screws for the fixation of chevron osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus (HV) deformity.
Methods: Clinical cases of chevron osteotomy in the treatment of HV deformities in our hospital between December 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively summarised to compare preoperative imaging indices with those at the final follow-up session, including the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and tibial sesamoid position (TSP). The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale, short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) scale were used to assess therapeutic efficacy. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain relief. Moreover, complications were recorded.
Results: Twenty-six patients (39 feet) were included, and the mean follow-up period was 24.0 months. No infection, delayed healing or non-healing was recorded. The osteotomy ends healed well without non-union or delayed union. Four cases of recurrence (HVA ≥20°), two of numbness in the distal toe, one of necrosis of the first metatarsal head and one of osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint occurred. No patients underwent secondary surgery. The HVA, IMA and TSP significantly reduced at the final follow-up session compared with their preoperative values, and significant improvement was seen in clinical scores.
Conclusion: The use of bioabsorbable screws for the fixation of chevron osteotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of HV deformities.
Screening of Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) (Nees.) Genotypes for Root Lesion Nematode
Authors: Kavitha M. , Gowsika S. , Sankari A. , Kavitha P. S. 
Published: January 2025

An experiment was conducted with ten crossandra genotypes collected from various institutions and local sources at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out using FCRD design with three replications with genotypes uninoculated and inoculated with nematodes. Observations were taken after 60 days of inoculation. The results revealed that Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya recorded the least percentage of reduction of shoot weight (13.73 & 14.55%) and root weight (18.83 & 16.93%) under inoculated condition. The increased percentage of phenol, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase activity and phenylalanine ammonia lyase was higher in Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya and the least was noticed in Dharmapuri local under inoculated conditions. The root necrosis percentage ranged from 7.05 to 21.17. The lowest root lesion percentage was recorded in genotype Nilakottai local (7.05) followed by Arka Shravya (8.67) and the highest necrosis percentage was observed in genotype Dharmapuri local (21.17). Resistant reaction was noticed in genotype Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya. Tolerant reaction was observed in genotype Delhi crossandra, Arka Ambara, Arka Chenna, Arka Shreeya and Arka Kanaka. The susceptible reaction was found in genotype Villupuram local, Neyveli local and Dharmapuri local.
Bipolar At-Risk Criteria and Risk of Bipolar Disorder Over 10 or More Years
Authors: Ratheesh Aswin , Hammond Dylan , Watson Michael , Betts Jennifer , Siegel Emma , McGorry Patrick , Berk Michael , Cotton Susan , Chanen Andrew , Nelson Barnaby , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: September 2023

ImportancePredicting the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) could facilitate preventive treatments. Among risk measures, bipolar at-risk (BAR) criteria have shown promise in predicting onset of bipolar disorder in the first year in clinical cohorts; however, it is not known whether BAR criteria are associated with the onset of BD in the longer term.ObjectiveTo assess the association of BAR criteria with onset of BD over 10 to 13 years follow-up.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study, completed between May 1, 2020, and November 7, 2022, included consenting people seeking help for nonpsychotic major mental health difficulties, including mood, personality, and substance use disorders, who were originally recruited at ages 15 to 25 years from a tertiary youth mental health setting in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from May 1, 2008, to September 30, 2010.ExposureMeeting BAR criteria at baseline. Criteria included subthreshold mania, cyclothymic features, subthreshold depression, and family history of BD. A matched clinical comparison group was recruited from the same help-seeking population.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was expert consensus diagnosis of BD I or II based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, self-reported information collected through online assessments, and linked data on mental health service utilization in Victoria over 10 to 13 years of follow-up.ResultsAmong 69 eligible participants, follow-up data were available for 60 (88.2%). The mean (SD) age at the end of follow-up was 32.9 (2.8) years, and 49 (81.7%) were women. A total of 28 participants met BAR criteria, and 32 were in the comparison group. In the BAR group, 8 patients (28.6%) developed BD over a mean (SD) of 11.1 (0.7) years of follow-up, and no patients in the comparison group developed BD. The risk of developing BD was higher in the BAR group than in the non-BAR group (χ21 = 70.0; P &amp;lt; .001). The proportions of transitions to BD were equal in the first and second halves of the follow-up period.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of participants seeking care for mental health difficulties, patients meeting the BAR criteria were significantly more likely to transition to BD over a decade after ascertainment compared with patients not meeting the BAR criteria. The findings suggest that those meeting BAR criteria may benefit from longer-term monitoring and support. Evaluation of predictive properties in longer-term studies using a risk measure will help with implementation of BAR criteria in clinical settings.
Mechanisms of architectural alterations respecting the existing value of buildings
Authors: Takeuchi Wataru , Kitagawa Keisuke , Imaeda Ryosuke , Chen Ye 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuilding alterations often occur when the buildings ought to be updated to meet new standards. In such processes, original values of existing buildings tend to be neglected in favor of speed and economic benefits from aggressive alterations. In this research, we investigate the mechanism of architectural alterations that respect the value of existing buildings. The research helps uncover the lasting values of buildings that can be preserved in spite of the need for physical adjustments.
Mutation in Celtic
Authors: Iosad Pavel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Celtic languages are characterized by an elaborate system of alternations of word‐initial segments, traditionally known as ‘consonant mutations’. Although historically they arose from across‐the‐board phonological sandhi, they are now deeply embedded in morphosyntactic processes. They are relatively phonologically coherent, but also non‐concatenative, and sensitive to a wide range of lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic factors. As a result, Celtic mutations present an important test bed for theories of word structure and its interactions with both phonology and syntax.
Non‐Segmental Morphology
Authors: Zimmermann Eva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAny investigation of non‐segmental morphology ultimately leads to important questions about the modularity of grammar and the architecture of the phonology–morphology interface in particular. Is morphology able to directly manipulate phonological structure to express morpho‐syntactic features? Is the phonological grammar sensitive to specific morphological information and can it trigger certain phonological operations only in the context of specific morphemes? In this entry, some properties of non‐segmental morphology are discussed that are interesting litmus tests for various theoretical approaches.
Parasynthesis
Authors: Mateu Jaume 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParasynthesis is usually defined as the word formation process that requires the simultaneous presence of two affixes (a prefix and a suffix) for a categorial change to be possible. However, this phenomenon has often been understood in practice as involving a simultaneous addition of a prefix and a theme vowel, with or without an additional suffix. Three main descriptive proposals concerning parasynthetic verbs have been put forward in the Romance literature in order to account for the apparently simultaneous attachment of a prefix and a suffix that is involved in their formation: circumfixation; prefixation as transcategorization/verbalization; and first suffixation and then prefixation. The adoption of a diachronic perspective is shown to be needed when addressing some important issues, which purely synchronic treatments of parasynthesis cannot account for. Accordingly, special attention is paid here to the origin of verbal parasynthesis in Latin and its evolution into Romance languages. Next, the entry offers a formal synchronic analysis of parasynthetic verbs by assuming a strong connection between syntactic word formation and syntactic argument structure. Finally, other types of parasynthetic forms (e.g. parasynthetic adjectives and parasynthetic compounds) are analysed from this syntactic perspective.
Kirigami‐Inspired 3D‐Printable MXene Organohydrogels for Soft Electronics
Authors: Zhuo Fengling , Zhou Jian , Liu Ying , Xie Jianfei , Chen Hui , Wang Xiaozhi , Luo Jikui , Fu YongQing , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Duan Huigao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConductive hydrogels are compelling materials for the development of soft electronics; however, their essential attributes such as high sensitivity, excellent stretchability, and environmental stability have rarely been achieved simultaneously in one hydrogel. Herein, a Kirigami‐inspired strategy is proposed to improve organohydrogel sensitivity without sacrificing their mechanical stretchability and environmental stability . The organohydrogels with multiple interpenetrating networks are synthesized by introducing sodium alginate nanofibrils and conductive MXene nanoflakes into polymer double networks infiltrated with glycerol–water mixtures, featuring remarkable stretchability (>5000%), good sensitivity, and water retention (>30 days). The Kirigami structures are further applied to enhance strain sensitivity, achieving a gauge factor of 29.1, which is ≈5.5 times that of an unstructured organohydrogel. Using the Kirigami‐inspired sensors, a durable glove is developed for grabbing underwater objects through operating a robotic arm, demonstrating a subaqueous interactive human–machine interfacing.Meanwhile, by integrating the wearable sensor with a machine learning algorithm, a wearable Morse code intelligent recognition system is demonstrated, enabling real‐time conversion of Morse code signs into speech with superior recognition accuracy (>99%) and fast response time (≈17 ms). This work offers a new route to synthesize highly sensitive, stretchable, and extremely tolerant organohydrogels, providing a promising platform for next‐generation soft electronics.
Cobweb‐Inspired Micro/Nanostructured Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration with Inhibition Effect of Fibrosis under Dynamic Environment
Authors: Jiao Yongjie , Li Xiaojing , Liu Xingxing , Li Chaojing , Yang Xiao , Sun Xuwei , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn soft tissue repair, fibrosis can lead to repair failure and long‐term chronic pain in patients. Excessive mechanical stimulation of fibroblasts is one of the causes of fibrosis during abdominal wall regeneration. Inspired by the cobweb, a polycaprolactone beaded fiber is prepared by electrospinning. The cobweb‐inspired structure attenuates the mechanical stimulation of cells under a dynamic environment. Nano‐protrusions are introduced into the scaffold for further inhibition of fibrosis by self‐induced crystallization. A machine is built for in vitro dynamic culture and rat abdominal subcutaneous embedding experiments are performed to verify the inhibiting effect of fibrosis in a dynamic environment in vivo. Results show that the expression of integrin β1 and α‐smooth muscle actin is inhibited by the cobweb‐inspired structure under dynamic culture. The results of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome indicate that the cobweb‐inspired structure has a good inhibitory effect on fibrosis in a dynamic environment in vivo. In general, the cobweb‐inspired scaffold with nano‐protrusions has a good ability to inhibit fibrosis under both static and dynamic environments. It is believed that the scaffold has promising applications in the field of inhibiting fibrosis caused by mechanical stimulation.
Magnetic Delivery of Antigen‐Loaded Magnetic Liposomes for Active Lymph Node Targeting and Enhanced Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Sheng Jingyi , Liu Yang , Ding He , Wu Linyuan , Liu Lan , Si Guangxiang , Shen Yan , Yang Fang , Gu Ning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTherapeutic cancer vaccines offer the greatest advantage of enhancing antigen‐specific immunity against tumors, particularly for immunogenic tumors, such as melanoma. However, clinical responses remain unsatisfactory, primarily due to inadequate T cell priming and the development of acquired immune tolerance. A major obstacle lies in the inefficient uptake of antigen by peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) and their migration to lymph nodes for antigen presentation. In this context, the magnetic delivery of antigen‐loaded magnetic liposomes (Ag‐MLs) to actively target lymph node, is proposed. These magnetic responsive liposomes contain soluble mouse melanoma lysate and iron oxide nanoparticles in the core, along with the immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG‐1826 incorporated into the lipid bilayer. When applied through magnetic targeting in the mouse melanoma model, Ag‐MLs accumulate significantly in the target lymph nodes. This accumulation results in increased population of active DCs in lymph nodes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within tumors, correlating with effective tumor growth inhibition. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of magnetic targeting as an effective strategy for delivering cancer vaccines and activating the immune response, offering a novel platform for cancer immunotherapies.