bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen copy number and antibody dose can determine the outcome of erythrocyte alloimmunization inducing either antibody‐mediated immune suppression or enhancement in a murine model
Authors: Wabnitz Hanna , Cruz‐Leal Yoelys , Lazarus Alan H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe administration of anti‐D for the prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is one of the most successful clinical uses of the phenomenon of antibody‐mediated immune suppression (AMIS). However, despite adequate prophylaxis, failures can still occur in the clinic and are poorly understood. Recently, the copy number of red blood cell (RBC) antigens has been shown to influence immunogenicity in the context of RBC alloimmunization; however, its influence on AMIS remains unexplored.Study Design and MethodsRBCs expressing approximately 3,600 and approximately 12,400 copy numbers of surface‐bound hen egg lysozyme (HEL), named respectively HELmed‐RBCs and HELhi‐RBCs, and selected doses of a polyclonal HEL‐specific IgG were transfused into mice. Recipient HEL‐specific IgM, IgG, and IgG subclass responses were evaluated by ELISA.ResultsAntigen copy number affected the antibody dose required for AMIS induction with higher antigen copy numbers requiring larger doses of antibody. For instance, 5 μg of antibody caused AMIS for HELmed‐RBCs but not HELhi‐RBCs, while 20 μg induced significant suppression for both HEL‐RBCs. Overall, increasing amounts of the AMIS‐inducing antibody were associated with a more complete AMIS effect. In contrast, the lowest tested doses of the AMIS‐inducing IgG led to evidence of enhancement at the IgM and IgG levels.DiscussionThe results demonstrate that the relationship between antigen copy number and antibody dose can influence the outcome of AMIS. Further, this work suggests that the same antibody preparation can induce both AMIS and enhancement but that the outcome may depend on the quantitative interrelationship of antigen–antibody binding.
Longitudinal analysis of annual national hemovigilance data to assess pathogen reduced platelet transfusion trends during conversion to routine universal clinical use and 7‐day storage
Authors: Pitman John P. , Payrat Jean‐Marc , Park Min‐Sun , Liu Kathy , Corash Laurence , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrance converted to universal pathogen reduced (PR; amotosalen/UVA) platelets in 2017 and extended platelet component (PC) shelf‐life from 5‐ to 7‐days in 2018 and 2019. Annual national hemovigilance (HV) reports characterized longitudinal PC utilization and safety over 11 years, including several years prior to PR adoption as the national standard of care.MethodsData were extracted from published annual HV reports. Apheresis and pooled buffy coat [BC] PC use was compared. Transfusion reactions (TRs) were stratified by type, severity, and causality. Trends were assessed for three periods: Baseline (2010–14; ~7% PR), Period 1 ([P1] 2015–17; 8%–21% PR), and Period 2 ([P2] 2018–20; 100% PR).ResultsPC use increased by 19.1% between 2010 and 2020. Pooled BC PC production increased from 38.8% to 68.2% of total PCs. Annual changes in PCs issued averaged 2.4% per year at baseline, −0.02% (P1) and 2.8% (P2). The increase in P2 coincided with a reduction in the target platelet dose and extension to 7‐day storage. Allergic reactions, alloimmunization, febrile non‐hemolytic TRs, immunologic incompatibility, and ineffective transfusions accounted for >90% of TRs. Overall, TR incidence per 100,000 PCs issued declined from 527.9 (2010) to 345.7 (2020). Severe TR rates declined 34.8% between P1‐P2. Forty‐six transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections (TTBI) were associated with conventional PCs during baseline and P1. No TTBI were associated with amotosalen/UVA PCs. Infections with Hepatitis E (HEV) a non‐enveloped virus resistant to PR, were reported in all periods.DiscussionLongitudinal HV analysis demonstrated stable PC utilization trends with reduced patient risk during conversion to universal 7‐day amotosalen/UVA PCs.
Intra‐ and extra‐regional trade costs: A comparative approach to Latin‐American performance
Authors: Moncarz Pedro Esteban , Flores Manuel , Villano Sebastián , Vaillant Marcel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe world expansion of trade in manufactured goods has been more dynamic than production over the last 25 years. The greater trade openness was due more to the growth of extra‐regional trade than to intra‐regional trade. Regions and trade agreements performed heterogeneously. Using a structural gravity model, we obtain that different mechanisms of trade liberalisation complemented each other, through the reduction of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariffs, the expansion and deepening of existing plurilateral agreements and the incorporation of new deeper agreements. The contribution derived from the reduction of MFN tariffs stands out, followed in importance by the component of preference for openness and trade facilitation. The contribution of the preferential channel via preferential trade agreements has been more important for extra‐regional than intra‐regional trade. For Latin America, heterogeneity is the fundamental characteristic, from the protectionism of Argentina and Brazil to a better openness performance of the countries of Central America and the Caribbean, and the members of the Andean Community (CAN) with an intermediate behaviour. Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Peru, economies from different regions, are the most open in Latin America. The concept of open regionalism is highlighted: without non‐discriminatory trade openness, there is no regionalism that can significantly reduce trade costs.
A narrative review of the impact of work hours and insufficient rest on job performance
Authors: Steffey Michele A. , Risselada Marije , Scharf Valery F. , Buote Nicole J. , Zamprogno Helia , Winter Alexandra L. , Griffon Dominique 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis review discusses the scientific evidence regarding effects of insufficient rest on clinical performance and house officer training programs, the associations of clinical duty scheduling with insufficient rest, and the implications for risk management.Study designNarrative review.MethodsSeveral literature searches using broad terms such as “sleep deprivation,” “veterinary,” “physician,” and “surgeon” were performed using PubMed and Google scholar.ResultsSleep deprivation and insufficient rest have clear and deleterious effects on job performance, which in healthcare occupations impacts patient safety and practice function. The unique requirements of a career in veterinary surgery, which may include on‐call shifts and overnight work, can lead to distinct sleep challenges and chronic insufficient rest with resultant serious but often poorly recognized impacts. These effects negatively impact practices, teams, surgeons, and patients. The self‐assessment of fatigue and performance effect is demonstrably untrustworthy, reinforcing the need for institution‐level protections. While the issues are complex and there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach, duty hour or workload restrictions may be an important first step in addressing these issues within veterinary surgery, as it has been in human medicine.ConclusionSystematic re‐examination of cultural expectations and practice logistics are needed if improvement in working hours, clinician well‐being, productivity, and patient safety are to occur.Clinical significance (or Impact)A more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and consequence of sleep‐related impairment better enables surgeons and hospital management to address systemic challenges in veterinary practice and training programs.
Growth of homotopy groups of spheres via the Goodwillie–EHP sequence
Authors: Boyde Guy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe bound the volume of the homotopy groups of the 2‐local Goodwillie approximations of a sphere in terms of the amount of 2‐torsion in the stable stems, providing a Goodwillie‐theoretic refinement of a result of Burklund and Senger. At the ‐excisive approximation, this bound is obtained by ‘multiplying the stable answer by a polynomial of degree ’. The main tool is Behrens' Goodwillie–EHP long exact sequence.
Upper bounds on the extremal number of the 4‐cycle
Authors: Ma Jie , Yang Tianchi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe obtain some new upper bounds on the maximum number of edges in ‐vertex graphs without containing cycles of length four. This leads to an asymptotically optimal bound on for a broad range of integers as well as a disproof of a conjecture of Erdős from 1970s which asserts that .
Toroidal integer homology three‐spheres have irreducible SU(2)$SU(2)$‐representations
Authors: Lidman Tye , Pinzón‐Caicedo Juanita , Zentner Raphael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe prove that if an integer homology three‐sphere contains an embedded incompressible torus, then its fundamental group admits irreducible ‐representations.
Higher homotopy normalities in topological groups
Authors: Tsutaya Mitsunobu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce ‐maps (), which describe higher homotopy normalities, and to study their basic properties and examples. An ‐map is defined with higher homotopical conditions. It is shown that a homomorphism is an ‐map if and only if there exists fiberwise maps between fiberwise projective spaces with some properties. Also, the homotopy quotient of an ‐map is shown to be an ‐space if its LS category is not greater than . As an application, we investigate when the inclusions and are ‐locally ‐maps.
Dopamine differentially affects retinal circuits to shape the retinal code
Authors: Warwick Rebekah A. , Heukamp Alina S. , Riccitelli Serena , Rivlin‐Etzion Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDopamine has long been reported to enhance antagonistic surrounds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Yet, the retina contains many different RGC subtypes and the effects of dopamine can be subtype‐specific. Using multielectrode array (MEA) recordings we investigated how dopamine shapes the receptive fields of RGCs in the mouse retina. We found that the non‐selective dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine can either increase or decrease RGCs’ surround strength, depending on their subtype. We then used two‐photon targeted patch‐clamp to target a specific RGC subtype, the transient‐Off‐αRGC. In line with our MEA recordings, apomorphine did not increase the antagonistic surround of transient‐Off‐αRGCs but enhanced their responses to Off stimuli in the centre receptive field. Both D1‐ and D2‐like family receptor (D1‐R and D2‐R) blockers had the opposite effect and reduced centre‐mediated responses, but differently affected transient‐Off‐αRGC's surround. While D2‐R blocker reduced surround antagonism, D1‐R blocker led to surround activation, revealing On responses to large stimuli. Using voltage‐clamp recordings we separated excitatory inputs from Off cone bipolar cells and inhibitory inputs from the primary rod pathway. In control conditions, cone inputs displayed strong surround antagonism, while inputs from the primary rod pathway showed no surround. Yet, the surround activation in the D1‐R blockade originated from the primary rod pathway. Our findings demonstrate that dopamine differentially affects RGC subtypes via distinct pathways, suggesting that dopamine has a more complex role in shaping the retinal code than previously reported.
imageKey points
Receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have a centre–surround organisation, and previous work has shown that this organisation can be modulated by dopamine in a light‐intensity‐dependent manner.
Dopamine is thought to enhance RGCs’ antagonistic surround, but a detailed understanding of how different RGC subtypes are affected is missing.
Using a multielectrode array recordings, clustering analysis and pharmacological manipulations, we found that dopamine can either enhance or weaken antagonistic surrounds, and also change response kinetics, of RGCs in a subtype‐specific manner.
We performed targeted patch‐clamp recordings of one RGC subtype, the transient‐Off‐αRGC, and identified the underlying circuits by which dopamine shapes its receptive field.
Our findings demonstrate that dopamine acts in a subtype‐specific manner and can have complex effects, which has implications for other retinal computations that rely on receptive field structure.
Sequential Ensemble Monte Carlo Sampler for On-Line Bayesian Inference of Time-Varying Parameter in Engineering Applications
Authors: Lye Adolphus , Marino Luca , Cicirello Alice , Patelli Edoardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Several on-line identification approaches have been proposed to identify parameters and evolution models of engineering systems and structures when sequential datasets are available via Bayesian inference. In this work, a robust and “tune-free” sampler is proposed to extend one of the sequential Monte Carlo implementations for the identification of time-varying parameters which can be assumed constant within each set of data collected but might vary across different sequences of datasets. The proposed approach involves the implementation of the affine-invariant Ensemble sampler in place of the Metropolis–Hastings sampler to update the samples. An adaptive-tuning algorithm is also proposed to automatically tune the step-size of the affine-invariant ensemble sampler which, in turn, controls the acceptance rate of the samples across iterations. Furthermore, a numerical investigation behind the existence of inherent lower and upper bounds on the acceptance rate, making the algorithm robust by design, is also conducted. The proposed method allows for the off-line and on-line identification of the most probable models under uncertainty. The proposed sampling strategy is first verified against the existing sequential Monte Carlo sampler in a numerical example. Then, it is validated by identifying the time-varying parameters and the most probable model of a nonlinear dynamical system using experimental data.
Micro-Energy Harvesting From Automotive Dynamics
Authors: Cossa Fernando Henrique Seefeldt , Idehara Sérgio Junichi , Rabelo Marcos Alves , de Oliveira Milton Evangelista 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most modern vehicles feature some level of automation that contributes to the overall feeling of comfort and safety. Traditional designs are, however, more difficult to apply. In fact, it is a growing consumer of wires for power and communication use, which increases the weight and cost. As a result, new micro-electronics development aims to create systems that do not require external power sources. The automotive systems are exposed to disturbances, which exhibit a vibrational response. This may be harvested into electrical energy. Therefore, the generated energy may be a potential power source for devices, applied to the vehicle. To this end, a micropower generator based on a piezo-electric device is attached to the front suspension arm, an unusual solution in the automotive industry, for extracting energy from vehicle dynamics to power micro-electronic devices and sensors. A numerical simulation from a three degrees-of-freedom model and an experimental vehicular test in different road types were applied to map the energy generated in the harvesting process. The results show that the possibility of generating micro-energy on good quality roads; is low when the International Roughness Index (IRI) is less than 4, and the micro-energy is less than 0.1 mW. However, significant performance is achieved on uneven roads (IRI &gt; 10), that achieve harvested power greater than 0.2 mW. The IRI is a standard method for classifying road roughness. It was found generally that an off-road vehicle is better for harvesting micro-energy because of the high acceleration in the suspension.
Tip Leakage Flow Structures and Its Influence on Cavitation Inception for a NACA0009 Hydrofoil
Authors: Feng Xianren , Liu Yunqiao , Wang Benlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCavitation inception in tip leakage flows remains a challenging topic in the engineering field, as the effect of tip gap width on inception is unclear. The present study is devoted to an analysis of the effect of gap width on tip leakage cavitation inception by using full-wetted numerical simulations. Numerical results show that the cavitation inception number is strongly related to the dimensionless gap width τ, which is defined as the ratio of tip gap width to the maximum hydrofoil thickness, and the reason behind it is explained by the specific flow structures. The cavitation inception number of suction side (SS) sheet cavitation decreases gradually with the increase of dimensionless gap. The cavitation inception numbers of tip leakage vortex (TLV) and tip separation vortex (TSV) increase first and then decrease with the increase of the gap, reaching the maximum at τ=0.2 and τ=0.3, respectively. The main reason is that in the gap range of 0.2−0.3, TLV and TSV cores have the highest vorticity and the lowest pressure.
Organically grown cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants contain a diverse range of culturable epiphytic and endophytic fungi in inflorescences and stem tissues
Authors: Punja Zamir K. , Scott Cameron 
Published: February 2023

We investigated the diversity of fungal species present on inflorescences as epiphytes and in stem tissues as endophytes in flowering plants of cannabis grown organically in British Columbia during 2019–2021. Fresh and dried inflorescence samples were obtained at various times during production while stems were obtained at harvest. Fungal species in the air were assessed by exposing Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar + streptomycin sulfate for 1 h in the growing environment while soil samples were dilution-plated to assess soil fungal diversity. Colonies were identified from PCR-derived sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Twenty-nine species in 26 genera were recovered from inflorescences and 17 species in 11 genera originated from stem tissues. Approximately 96% of species found on inflorescences were present in air and 45% were present in organic soil. The fungi comprised plant pathogens, saprophytes, and opportunistic human pathogens. A large proportion of the species found in air and soil in organic facilities are present on cannabis inflorescences, where they may increase total colony forming units and negatively affect product quality. Some species could contribute to allergies or secondary infections in humans. The potential benefits of endophytes within organically grown cannabis plants remain unexplored.
Risk of Exacerbation of Rheumatic Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Ting Amy Cheung Chung , Chung Ho Yin , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Lam Vanessa Ip Yan 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To investigate the risk of flare-ups after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease. Methods: A total of 1,617 patients with rheumatic diseases were identified from three rheumatology clinics. Patients were interviewed for demographic data, disease activity, and vaccination status. Disease flare-up was determined clinically by independent rheumatologists. Change of serum markers and medications were retrieved from medical records. The risk of exacerbation of rheumatic disease, change in serum markers, and escalation of rheumatic medications between vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients were determined using Cox, linear, and logistic regression models, respectively. Possible confounding factors were also taken into consideration. Results: Among 562 (34.76%) patients who received COVID-19 vaccination, rheumatic disease (HR = 2.10, [Formula: see text] 0.001), inflammatory arthritis (HR = 2.71, [Formula: see text] 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (HR = 2.03, [Formula: see text] = 0.002), spondyloarthritis (SpA) (HR = 4.78, [Formula: see text] 0.001), autoimmune disease (HR = 1.77, [Formula: see text] = 0.01), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (HR = 1.99, [Formula: see text] = 0.02) were associated with postvaccination clinical flare-up. Adult Still’s disease (B = 12.76, [Formula: see text] = 0.03) was associated with increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP). No association was found between vaccination and escalation of rheumatic medication. Subgroup analyses showed that only the mRNA vaccine was associated with flare-ups. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with minor disease flare-up but not escalation of rheumatic medications. In the absence of absolute contraindications, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in patients with rheumatic disease.KEY MESSAGES1. Vaccination is effective in the prevention of morbidity due to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases.2. The mRNA vaccine was associated with mild rheumatic disease flare-up.3. Inactivated virus vaccine is preferable to mRNA vaccine in patients with active autoimmune disease.
A Hybrid Optical-Electrical Analog Deep Learning Accelerator Using Incoherent Optical Signals
Authors: Yang Mingdai , Lou Qiuwen , Rajaei Ramin , Jokar Mohammad Reza , Qiu Junyi , Liu Yuming , Udupa Aditi , Chong Frederic T. , Dallesasse John M. , Feng Milton , Goddard Lynford L. , Hu X. Sharon , Li Yanjing 
Published: February 2023

Optical deep learning (DL) accelerators have attracted significant interests due to their latency and power advantages. In this article, we focus on incoherent optical designs. A significant challenge is that there is no known solution to perform single-wavelength accumulation (a key operation required for DL workloads) using incoherent optical signals efficiently. Therefore, we devise a hybrid approach, where accumulation is done in the electrical domain, and multiplication is performed in the optical domain. The key technology enabler of our design is the transistor laser, which performs electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical conversions efficiently. Through detailed design and evaluation of our design, along with a comprehensive benchmarking study against state-of-the-art RRAM-based designs, we derive the following key results:
(1) For a four-layer multilayer perceptron network, our design achieves 115× and 17.11× improvements in latency and energy, respectively, compared to the RRAM-based design. We can take full advantage of the speed and energy benefits of the optical technology because the inference task can be entirely mapped onto our design.
(2) For a complex workload (Resnet50), weight reprogramming is needed, and intermediate results need to be stored/re-fetched to/from memories. In this case, for the same area, our design still outperforms the RRAM-based design by 15.92× in inference latency, and 8.99× in energy.