bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized double‐blind clinical trial evaluating comparative plaque and gingival health associated with commercially available stannous fluoride‐containing dentifrices as compared to a sodium fluoride control dentifrice
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Novy Brian , Otomo‐Corgel Joan , Cobb Charles M. , Jacobsen Peter L. , Takesh Thair , Wilder‐Smith Petra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGingivitis is a non‐specific inflammatory lesion in response to the accumulation of oral biofilm and is a necessary precursor to periodontitis. Enhanced oral hygiene practices, including utilization of a dentifrice that could significantly improve plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, is desirable to prevent and treat gingivitis and potentially prevent progression to periodontitis. This clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of a new stannous fluoride‐containing dentifrice with 2.6% ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as an anti‐tartar agent to reduce plaque index and gingival index over a 3‐month study period compared to other commercially‐available fluoride‐containing dentifrices.MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical study evaluated plaque, gingival inflammation, and sulcular bleeding in patients using one of five commercially available fluoride‐containing dentifrices The dentifrices tested contained: 0.454% stannous fluoride and 2.6% EDTA (D1), 0.24% sodium fluoride (C), and 0.454% stannous fluoride (D2‐D4). One hundred fifty subjects participated over a 3‐month period. Co‐primary endpoints were improvements in plaque index (PI) and modified gingival index (mGI) from baseline values. No professional cleaning was performed during the study period.ResultsAll subjects in the study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all measures of oral hygiene over the 3‐month study period. Subjects using dentifrice 1 (D1) showed statistically significantly greater reductions in PI, mGI, and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) compared with all other commercially‐available dentifrices tested (p < 0.00001).ConclusionsA new dentifrice with 0.454% stannous fluoride and 2.6% EDTA demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters associated with gingivitis compared to other sodium and stannous fluoride containing dentifrices.
Characterization and Optimization of Injectable In Situ Crosslinked Chitosan‐Genipin Hydrogels
Authors: Priddy‐Arrington Tyler R. , Edwards Reagan E. , Colley Claire E. , Nguyen Marissa M. , Hamilton‐Adaire Tess , Caldorera‐Moore Mary E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased interest in injectable, in situ crosslinking hydrogels due to their minimally invasive application and ability to conform to their environment. Current in situ crosslinking chitosan hydrogels are either mechanically robust with poor biocompatibility and limited biodegradation due to toxic crosslinking agents or the hydrogels are mechanically weak and undergo biodegradation too rapidly due to insufficient crosslinking. Herein, the authors developed and characterized a thermally‐driven, injectable chitosan‐genipin hydrogel capable of in situ crosslinking at 37 °C that is mechanically robust, biodegradable, and maintain high biocompatibility. The natural crosslinker genipin is utilized as a thermally‐driven, non‐toxic crosslinking agent. The chitosan‐genipin hydrogel's crosslinking kinetics, injectability, viscoelasticity, swelling and pH response, and biocompatibility against human keratinocyte cells are characterized. The developed chitosan‐genipin hydrogels are successfully crosslinked at 37 °C, demonstrating temperature sensitivity. The hydrogels maintained a high percentage of swelling over several weeks before degrading in biologically relevant environments, demonstrating mechanical stability while remaining biodegradable. Long‐term cell viability studies demonstrated that chitosan‐genipin hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility over 7 days, including during the hydrogel crosslinking phase. Overall, these findings support the development of an injectable, in situ crosslinking chitosan‐genipin hydrogel for minimally invasive biomedical applications.
Poultry red mite eradication potential of ivermectin and allicin combination treatment
Authors: Kang JeongWoo , Chae HyunYoung , Hossain Md Akil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundExisting treatments against poultry red mite (PRM; Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation have reduced efficacy or exhibit hazardous effects on chickens. Considering the economic importance of chickens, development of a safe and effective method for exterminating PRMs is necessary. Ivermectin and allicin are effective against some ectoparasites; however, their acaricidal efficacies against PRMs remain unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate individual and combined efficacies of ivermectin and allicin in exterminating PRMs.MethodsDifferent concentrations (0.10–1.0 mg/mL) of ivermectin (1 mL) were applied via dropping method in different insect culture dishes (ICDs), prior to transferring PRMs. For the spraying method, PRMs were transferred to ICDs, before spraying ivermectin (1 mg/mL) solution (1 mL). Further, the acaricidal effect of allicin on PRMs was evaluated by applying different concentrations (0.25–1.0 mg/mL) of allicin (1 mL). The combined acaricidal effects of ivermectin and allicin were analysed using four concentration combinations. PRM death rates were determined after 2 h, 24 h, 2 days, 5 days and 7 days of drug application.ResultsIvermectin application (1 mg/mL) exterminated 64% and 100% of PRMs on 1 and 5 days, respectively, and prevented their revival. Further, 0.5 mg/mL ivermectin and 1 mg/mL allicin individually exterminated 98% and 44% of PRMs, respectively, within 7 days of treatment. In combination, 0.5 mg/mL ivermectin and 0.5 mg/mL allicin exterminated 100% of PRMs within 5 d of treatment. The most effective combination was 0.25 mg/mL ivermectin + 1.00 mg/mL allicin.ConclusionsThe efficacy of ivermectin–allicin combination in exterminating PRMs was demonstrated. This novel approach could be optimised for industrial applications.
Large N algebras and generalized entropy
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Penington Geoff , Witten Edward 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We construct a Type II∞ von Neumann algebra that describes the large N physics of single-trace operators in AdS/CFT in the microcanonical ensemble, where there is no need to include perturbative 1/N corrections. Using only the extrapolate dictionary, we show that the entropy of semiclassical states on this algebra is holographically dual to the generalized entropy of the black hole bifurcation surface. From a boundary perspective, this constitutes a derivation of a special case of the QES prescription without any use of Euclidean gravity or replicas; from a purely bulk perspective, it is a derivation of the quantum-corrected Bekenstein-Hawking formula as the entropy of an explicit algebra in the G → 0 limit of Lorentzian effective field theory quantum gravity. In a limit where a black hole is first allowed to equilibrate and then is later potentially re-excited, we show that the generalized second law is a direct consequence of the monotonicity of the entropy of algebras under trace-preserving inclusions. Finally, by considering excitations that are separated by more than a scrambling time we construct a “free product” von Neumann algebra that describes the semiclassical physics of long wormholes supported by shocks. We compute Rényi entropies for this algebra and show that they are equal to a sum over saddles associated to quantum extremal surfaces in the wormhole. Surprisingly, however, the saddles associated to “bulge” quantum extremal surfaces contribute with a negative sign.
Modeling elongational viscosity and brittle fracture of 10 polystyrene Pom-Poms by the hierarchical molecular stress function model
Authors: Hirschberg Valerian , Schußmann Max G. , Röpert Marie-Christin , Wilhelm Manfred , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA Pom-Pom polymer with qa side chains of molecular weight Mw,a at both ends of a backbone chain of molecular weight Mw,b is the simplest branched polymer topology. Ten nearly monodisperse polystyrene Pom-Pom systems synthesized via an optimized anionic polymerization and a grafting-onto method with Mw,b of 100 to 400 kg/mol, Mw,a of 9 to 50 kg/mol, and qa between 9 and 22 are considered. We analyze the elongational rheology of the Pom-Poms by use of the hierarchical multi-mode molecular stress function (HMMSF) model, which has been shown to predict the elongational viscosity of linear and long-chain branched (LCB) polymer melts based exclusively on the linear-viscoelastic characterization and a single material parameter, the so-called dilution modulus GD. For the Pom-Poms considered here, we show that GD can be identified with the plateau modulus $${G}_{N}^{0}={G}_{D}$$

G

N

0

=

G
D

, and the modeling of the elongational viscosity of the Pom-Poms does therefore not require any fitting parameter but is fully determined by the linear-viscoelastic characterization of the melts. Due to the high strain hardening of the Pom-Poms, brittle fracture is observed at higher strains and strain rates, which is well described by the entropic fracture criterion.
Graphical abstract
The decline of the ecosystem services generated by anadromous fish in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Almeida Pedro R. , Mateus Catarina S. , Alexandre Carlos M. , Pedro Sílvia , Boavida-Portugal Joana , Belo Ana F. , Pereira Esmeralda , Silva Sara , Oliveira Inês , Quintella Bernardo R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work aims to present an historical review of the ecosystem services provided by anadromous fish (i.e., species that migrate from the sea to the river to spawn) throughout Human time, as well as of the main related threats, focusing on the Iberian Peninsula region. Anadromous fish provide important provision, cultural, regulatory and supporting ecosystem services across their distribution range and have been extensively exploited by humans since prehistoric times. In the Iberian Peninsula, sea lamprey, allis and twaite shads, sea trout, Atlantic salmon and European sturgeon were once abundantly present in several river basins covering what is now Portuguese and Spanish territory. These species have suffered a severe decline across their distribution range, mainly due to habitat loss and overexploitation. Considered regal delicacies, these fishes were once a statement on the tables of the highest social classes, a much appreciated bounty for the poorer population and are still an important part of the local gastronomy and economy. Such high economic and cultural interest encouraged intensive fishing. Currently, management efforts are being implemented, pairing habitat rehabilitation (e.g., construction of fish passes in obstacles to migration such as weirs and dams) with sustainable fisheries. Considering the present climate change scenario, these species are bound to endure increased pressures, demanding novel management approaches to ensure population numbers that are able to secure their sustainable exploitation.
Addressing Post-Separation Parental Stalking: a Multimethod Qualitative Approach to Producing Knowledge of Stalking in Children’s Lives
Authors: Nikupeteri Anna , Laitinen Merja 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Based on our research, the purpose of this paper is to examine the production of knowledge about children’s exposure to parental stalking after their parents have separated. The paper addresses the following questions: (1) What dimensions of knowledge has the multimethod qualitative approach produced in our research? and (2) What methodological choices are conducive to conducting ethically sound research on parental stalking? The aim is to contribute to the methodological and ethical discussions in social science research on children exposed to stalking as a specific form of domestic violence and abuse.

Method
We utilized a multimethod qualitative approach in studying children’s exposure to parental stalking. The approach produced five dimensions of knowledge: (1) practice wisdom, (2) experiential knowledge, (3) contextual and situational knowledge, (4) socio-structural knowledge, and (5) norm-related knowledge, which all were important in studying children’s exposure to parental stalking.

Results
In conducting an ethically sound study, the central methodological choices were as follows: employing child-centered practice, respecting intergenerational dialogue, forming trusting relationships with professionals, and valuing different types of knowledge and realities by using a multivoice approach.

Conclusions
A multimethod qualitative approach enables rich dialogue through which knowledge of parental stalking can be constructed. We argue that the approach makes it possible to bring children’s marginalized voices into the academic and professional discussions on parental stalking and thereby to advance the realization of the rights of children who are subjected to a parent’s stalking behavior.
Quantifier Raising out of Mandarin relative clauses
Authors: Wang Huilei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantifier Raising usually exhibits finite-clause boundedness due to the syntactic and semantic constraints it is subject to (Fox 1995, 2000, Cecchetto 2004, a.o.). In this paper, I argue that QR out of a Mandarin prenominal pre-determiner RC is not only properly licensed, obeying both syntactic and semantic constraints, but also needed to account for the exceptional-scope effects observed across relative clause boundaries (Huang 1982, Aoun and Li 1993, a.o.). I further consider constructions where the exceptional-scope effects are not present, including relative clauses containing the focus-sensitive operatordouand full-sized subject RCs, and show that the absence of the exceptional-scope effects in these constructions follows directly from the proposed analysis.
Measuring Persistence in the US Equity Gender Diversity Index
Authors: Infante Juan , del Rio Marta , Gil-Alana Luis A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn analysis of the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF using fractional integration or I(d) techniques and daily data from 8 March 2016 to 8 January 2021, reveals that the series is highly persistent with an order of integration smaller than, though very close to 1. However, when estimating d recursively across subsamples, two peaks can be observed. The first peak appears in the sample with 679 observations (ending at 26 December 2018) and the second one occurs in the sample with 974 observations and ending at 28 February 2020, which shows the most significant change in d, moving from values within the I(1) interval to values significantly above 1. The findings indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the persistence of the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF, increasing its magnitude and thus the level of persistence.
The Relativistic Proton Spectrometer: A Review of Sensor Performance, Applications, and Science
Authors: Mazur J. E. , O’Brien T. P. , Looper M. D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Relativistic Proton Spectrometer (RPS) on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft was a particle spectrometer designed to measure the flux, angular distribution, and energy spectrum of protons from $\sim60~\text{MeV}$
∼
60

MeV
to $\sim2000~\text{MeV}$
∼
2000

MeV
. RPS provided new information about the inner Van Allen belt: a nearby region of space that had been relatively unexplored because of the difficulties of making charged particle measurements there and the associated hazards to satellite operations. We met the primary mission objective of providing accurate data for the AP9 radiation specification model at the high energies where there were little to no data prior to the Van Allen Probes mission. Along the way, we were able to demonstrate the long-term stability of parts of the Inner Belt by comparison with short-lived space science missions that operated decades prior to Van Allen Probes. The most significant surprises were the agreement between RPS and some of those historical measurements and the discovery of a trapped population of $>30~\text{MeV}$
>
30

MeV
leptons at the outer edge of the inner belt. This end-of-mission paper summarizes the instrument performance, calibration, data products, and specific science and engineering results, and includes suggestions for future investigations of intense radiation fields like those found within the inner belt.
Scientific progress, normative discussions, and the pragmatic account of definitions of life
Authors: Schoenmakers Ludo L.J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiscussions on the status of definitions of life have long been dominated by a position known as definitional pessimism. Per the definitional pessimist, there is no point in trying to define life. This claim is defended in different ways, but one of the shared assumptions of all definitional pessimists is that our attempts to define life are attempts to provide a list of all necessary and sufficient conditions for something to count as alive. In other words, a definition of life is a strict, descriptive definition. Against this, several pragmatic alternatives have been put forward. On these pragmatic accounts, definitions of life are not strictly, but rather loosely descriptive. Their purpose is not to be true, but to be useful to scientists by guiding scientific practice. More recently, this position has come under attack for not being able to explain how our attempts to define life are connected to scientific progress within the biological sciences. Here, I argue to the contrary by showing how pragmatic definitions of life can be, and in fact are, conducive to scientific progress. Additionally, I show how the pragmatic account of definitions of life can be brought to bear upon our normative discussions involving definitions of life.
Characterization Frames Constructing Endoxa in Activists’ Discourse About the Public Controversy Surrounding Fashion Sustainability
Authors: Mercuri Chiara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between characterization frames and argumentation in activists’ discourse about the public controversy surrounding fashion sustainability. While previous studies proposing an argumentative approach to frames have acknowledged that frames are related to underlying implicit premises, how frames select certain implicit premises still needs to be systematically explained. Therefore, drawing on a theoretical framework combining Pragma dialectics (van Eemeren 2010) with the Argumentum Model of Topics an empirical analysis of a social media corpus has been performed in order to examine the connection between characterization frames and underlying implicit premises. This paper offers both a methodological and a theoretical contribution. From a methodological point of view, it offers linguistic-discursive tools for the analysis of characterization frames. From a theoretical perspective, it shows how characterization frames contribute to construct endoxa, i.e. underlying implicit premises, through argumentative patterns.
Optimizing Reservoir Water Management in a Changing Climate
Authors: Beça Pedro , Rodrigues António C. , Nunes João P. , Diogo Paulo , Mujtaba Babar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the UN agenda 2030 Sustainable Development goals is associated with water availability and its sustainable management. The present study intends to improve multipurpose reservoir management under climate change scenarios in water scarce regions such as the Mediterranean. Implemented methods include the sequential use of climate model results, hydrological modelling, and reservoir water balance simulation, which are used to estimate future water availability. This work focuses on developing an innovative reservoir management approach based on rule curves and a dynamic assessment of water needs, to improve the management of reservoirs that are dependent on a water transfer system. The proposed methods are implemented in two reservoirs located in a typical Mediterranean river basin and assessed under long-term climate change scenarios up to the year 2100. The results show that the proposed approach can ensure 100% of the urban water supply, improve the reliability of the irrigation supply from 75% to 86–91%, and provide 92–98% of the river ecological flow. It is also demonstrated that this management approach is beneficial, particularly in the case of multipurpose reservoirs in watersheds facing water scarcity risks, to optimize the balance between supply reliability, water transfer volumes, and costs.
Automated three-dimensional major white matter bundle segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Andica Christina , Kamagata Koji , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhite matter bundle segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging fiber tractography enables detailed evaluation of individual white matter tracts three-dimensionally, and plays a crucial role in studying human brain anatomy, function, development, and diseases. Manual extraction of streamlines utilizing a combination of the inclusion and exclusion of regions of interest can be considered the current gold standard for extracting white matter bundles from whole-brain tractograms. However, this is a time-consuming and operator-dependent process with limited reproducibility. Several automated approaches using different strategies to reconstruct the white matter tracts have been proposed to address the issues of time, labor, and reproducibility. In this review, we discuss few of the most well-validated approaches that automate white matter bundle segmentation with an end-to-end pipeline, including TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA), Automated Fiber Quantification, and TractSeg.
Flowers, Tractors, & Telegram: Who are the Protesters in Belarus?: A Survey Based Assessment of Anti-Lukashenka Protest Participants
Authors: Onuch Olga , Sasse Gwendolyn , Michiels Sébastien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWho are the people who, in the face of extreme repression, unexpectedly take to the streets en masse in an authoritarian state? This article aims to answer this question with reference to the case of the Belarusian anti-Lukashenka mass mobilization of 2020. It employs unique data from an original online protest survey among citizens of Belarus who were 18 or older and residing in the country at the time of the protests (Onuch et. al.; MOBILISE 2020 & 2021; n = 17,174), fielded August 18, 2020–January 29, 2021.2 This survey was designed to: (a) capture as many protesters as possible; and (b) capture a large enough sample of non-protesters as a comparative reference group enabling us to better understand how different anti-Lukashenka protesters (n = 11,719) were from non-protesters (n = 5,455). Guided by theoretical and empirical expectations of contentious politics scholarship, we first provide descriptive statistics about the socio-demographic characteristics of the protesters, self-reported protest grievances and claims, and median protester preferences on a range of attitudes and policies. This portrait of the protesters is followed up by regression analysis to test whether these patterns hold at a statistically significant level when comparing protesters and non-protesters.