bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Photo‐Therapeutic Nanocomposite with Bio‐Responsive Oxygen Self‐Supplying Combats Biofilm Infections and Inflammation from Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yuan Zhang , Wu Jianshuang , Xiao Yao , Yang Huan , Meng Siyu , Dai Liangliang , Li Peng , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of non‐antibiotic strategies to combat refractory drug‐resistant bacterial infections, especially biofilms and accompanying inflammation, has recently aroused widespread interest. Herein, a photo‐therapeutic nanocomposite with bio‐responsive oxygen (O2) self‐supplying is introduced by integrating manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanozymes onto photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG)‐loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA), namely MI‐MPDA NPs. MI‐MPDA can activate O2 generation in the infection microenvironment, thereby effectively alleviating biofilm hypoxia. Under near‐infrared light (NIR) irradiation, continuous O2 supplying further boosts the level of singlet oxygen (1O2), enabling robust biofilm elimination through O2‐potentiated photodynamic/photothermal therapy. Interestingly, MI‐MPDA down‐regulates the factor expression of inflammatory signaling pathways through MnO2‐mediated reactive oxygen species scavenging, which ameliorates the inflammatory condition. Meanwhile, O2 supplying prevents the M1‐phenotype switch of macrophages from the overexpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), thereby prompting macrophage reprogramming toward pro‐regenerative M2‐phenotype. In the mouse models of subcutaneous implant‐associated infection caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms and burn infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, NIR‐irradiated MI‐MPDA not only effectively eliminates the formed biofilms, but also alleviates the oxidative stress and accompanying inflammation, and drives the cascade reaction of immunomodulation‐wound healing. Overall, this O2‐potentiated photo‐therapeutic strategy provides a reliable tool for combating biofilm infections and inflammation from drug‐resistant bacteria.
Advanced Characterization and Optimization of NiOx:Cu‐SAM Hole‐Transporting Bi‐Layer for 23.4% Efficient Monolithic Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Kafedjiska Ivona , Levine Igal , Musiienko Artem , Maticiuc Natalia , Bertram Tobias , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Kaufmann Christian A. , Albrecht Steve , Schlatmann Rutger , Lauermann Iver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe performance of five hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) is investigated in both single‐junction perovskite and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)‐perovskite tandem solar cells: nickel oxide (NiOx,), copper‐doped nickel oxide (NiOx:Cu), NiOx+SAM, NiOx:Cu+SAM, and SAM, where SAM is the [2‐(3,‐6Dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO‐2PACz) self‐assembled monolayer. The performance of the devices is correlated to the charge‐carrier dynamics at the HTL/perovskite interface and the limiting factors of these HTLs are analyzed by performing time‐resolved and absolute photoluminescence ((Tr)PL), transient surface photovoltage (tr‐SPV), and X‐ray/UV photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTL/perovskite and CIGSe/HTL/perovskite stacks. A high quasi‐Fermi level splitting to open‐circuit (QFLS‐Voc) deficit is detected for the NiOx‐based devices, attributed to electron trapping and poor hole extraction at the NiOx‐perovskite interface and a low carrier effective lifetime in the bulk of the perovskite. Simultaneously, doping the NiOx with 2% Cu and passivating its surface with MeO‐2PACz suppresses the electron trapping, enhances the holes extraction, reduces the non‐radiative interfacial recombination, and improves the band alignment. Due to this superior interfacial charge‐carrier dynamics, NiOx:Cu+SAM is found to be the most suitable HTL for the monolithic CIGSe‐perovskite tandem devices, enabling a power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, Voc of 1.72V, and a fill factor (FF) of 71%, while the remaining four HTLs suffer from prominent Voc and FF losses.
Polymer Films with Metal‐Like Thermal Conductivity, Excellent Stability, and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Liu Yong , Zou Weizhi , Yang Meng , Luo Heng , Yang Shijia , Xu Jian , Zhao Ning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolymers often have thermal conductivities that are too low to be used directly in thermal management applications. In this study, a poly(p‐phenylene‐2,6‐benzobisoxazole) (PBO) film is prepared through a sol–gel‐film conversion and annealing method that utilizes PBO nanofibers as building blocks. The polymer film shows an in‐plane thermal conductivity of 36.7 W mK−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than those of most polymers (<0.5 W mK−1) and 2.4 times that of 304‐stainless steel. The high thermal conductivity is attributed to the highly oriented 3D interconnected nanofiber network resulting from the fine‐tuning sol‐gel‐film conversion, and the annealing that further enhances the ordering of the PBO chains and the interactions between the nanofibers. Moreover, the PBO films exhibit excellent mechanical strength, thermal/chemical stability, electrical insulation, flame retardance, and improved UV resistance. The lightweight, robust, and easily processed PBO film with a metal‐like thermal conductivity has promising potential thermal management applications.
A Laser‐Driven Microrobot for Thermal Stimulation of Single Cells
Authors: Harder Philipp , İyisan Nergishan , Wang Chen , Kohler Fabian , Neb Irina , Lahm Harald , Dreßen Martina , Krane Markus , Dietz Hendrik , Özkale Berna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, the study presents a thermally activated cell‐signal imaging (TACSI) microrobot, capable of photothermal actuation, sensing, and light‐driven locomotion. The plasmonic soft microrobot is specifically designed for thermal stimulation of mammalian cells to investigate cell behavior under heat active conditions. Due to the integrated thermosensitive fluorescence probe, Rhodamine B, the system allows dynamic measurement of induced temperature changes. TACSI microrobots show excellent biocompatibility over 72 h in vitro, and they are capable of thermally activating single cells to cell clusters. Locomotion in a 3D workspace is achieved by relying on thermophoretic convection, and the microrobot speed is controlled within a range of 5–65 µm s−1. In addition, light‐driven actuation enables spatiotemporal control of the microrobot temperature up to a maximum of 60 °C. Using TACSI microrobots, this study targets single cells within a large population, and demonstrates thermal cell stimulation using calcium signaling as a biological output. Initial studies with human embryonic kidney 293 cells indicate a dose dependent change in intracellular calcium content within the photothermally controlled temperature range of 37–57 °C.
Visualizing Interfacial Energy Offset and Defects in Efficient 2D/3D Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Yang Weichuang , Ding Bin , Lin Zedong , Sun Jingsong , Meng YuanYuan , Ding Yong , Sheng Jiang , Yang Zhenhai , Ye Jichun , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrently, the full potential of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited by chargecarrier recombination owing to imperfect passivation methods. Here, the recombination loss mechanisms owing to the interfacial energy offset and defects are quantified. The results show that a favorable energy offset can reduce minority carriers and suppress interfacial recombination losses more effectively than chemical passivation. To obtain high‐efficiency PSCs, 2D perovskites are promising candidates, which offer powerful field effects and require only modest chemical passivation at the interface. The enhanced passivation and charge‐carrier extraction offered by the 2D/3D heterojunction PSCs has boosted their power conversion efficiency to 25.32% (certified 25.04%) for small‐size devices and to 21.48% for a large‐area module (with a designated area of 29.0 cm2). Ion migration is also suppressed by the 2D/3D heterojunction, such that the unencapsulated small‐size devices maintain 90% of their initial efficiency after 2000 h of continuous operation at the maximum power point.
A Programmable Actuator as Synthetic Earthworm
Authors: Yang Zhaoxiang , An Yao , He Yonglin , Lian Xiaodong , Wang Yapei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural earthworm with the ability to loosen soils that favors sustainable agriculture has inspired worldwide interest in the design of intelligent actuators. Given the inability to carry heavy loads and uncontrolled deformation, the vast majority of actuators can only perform simple tasks by bending, contraction, or elongation. Herein, a degradable actuator with the ability to deform in desired ways is presented, which successfully mimics the burrowing activities of earthworms to loosen soils with increased soil porosity by digging, grabbing, and lifting the soil when it receives rains. Such a scarifying actuator is made of degradable cellulose acetate and uncrosslinked polyacrylamide via the swelling‐photopolymerizing method. The water absorption of polyacrylamide in moisture conditions causes rapid and remarkable bending. Such mechanical bending can be controlled in specific areas of the cellulose acetate film if polyacrylamide is polymerized in a patterned way, so as to generate complicated deformations of the whole cellulose acetate. Patterning polyacrylamide within cellulose acetate is achieved based on reversible surface protection by means of pen writing, rather than the traditional masking techniques. The water‐induced deformation of programmable cellulose‐based actuators is well preserved in soil, which is appropriate for promoting rain diffusion as well as root breath.
19 nm‐Thick Grafted‐To Polymer Brushes onto Optimized Poly(Dopamine)‐Coated Surfaces
Authors: Teunissen Lucas W. , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrafting‐to polymer coatings are typically easy to apply, but the thickness of such coatings is typically limited to a few nanometers, which may hamper applications. This paper presents a grafting‐to coating approach that yields polymer brushes up to an unprecedented thickness of 19 nm. To this aim, an easy‐to‐apply poly(dopamine) (PDA) primer layer is optimized. PDA is an easy‐to‐apply, but highly complex and chemically not well understood primer layer. In this study, PDA is deposited on silicon substrates using several deposition protocols (pH 4–7 in presence of NaIO4, and from Tris solution at pH 8.5). The modified surfaces are characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, static water contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Subsequently, block copolymers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)20‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)n are attached onto the PDA films using a grafting‐to approach. The results indicate that the conditions of PDA deposition and the PDA film thickness strongly influence the stability and grafting efficiency of the block copolymers. PDA films deposited at pH 7 with NaIO4 are stable, and yield the most efficient grafting, with grafted polymer layers as thick as 19 nm. Polymer layers of such thickness are rarely achieved using grafting‐to procedures from solution.
Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Coated Screen‐Printed Electrodes for the Single‐Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples—From Fundamental Study toward Point‐of‐Care Application
Authors: Caldara Manlio , Lowdon Joseph W. , van Wissen Gil , Ferrari Alejandro Garcia‐Miranda , Crapnell Robert D. , Cleij Thomas J. , Diliën Hanne , Banks Craig E. , Eersels Kasper , van Grinsven Bart 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low‐cost, flexible MIP‐based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so‐called “heat‐transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP‐SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single‐shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.
Multiscale Structure Coordinated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)‐Based Black Absorber with Wide‐Angle High Absorption Properties
Authors: Xiong Qiyang , Li Yang , Li Qiaoying , Kang Hongjun , Lu Songtao , Qin Wei , Wu Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBlack absorber with wide‐angle high absorption properties is of great significance to the in‐orbit operation of space optical system. However, up to now, black absorber used in space optical system with wide‐angle high absorption properties has rarely been reported. Herein, this work reports a multiscale structure coordinated black poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)‐based black absorber with lightweight, low volatilization, and wide‐angle high absorption properties through 3D printing method. The as‐prepared absorber with honeycomb structure shows a high surface absorptivity (about 96.89%), and excellent wide‐angle high absorption properties which absorptivity attenuation rate is only 1.43% at 70°, benefiting from 3D‐printed honeycomb structure and multi‐scale light trap structure on the absorber inner surface. Besides, high and low temperature cycling test shows that its wide‐angle high absorption properties have a good stability at the space extreme environment, and its collected volatile condensable material (CVCM) is as low as 0.00%. This work provides a new strategy for simple fabrication method of novel lightweight multifunctional‐structure integrated absorber for space optical system.
A Novel Multi‐Functional Thiophene‐Based Organic Cation as Passivation, Crystalline Orientation, and Organic Spacer Agent for Low‐Dimensional 3D/1D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Semerci Ali , Buyruk Ali , Emin Saim , Hooijer Rik , Kovacheva Daniela , Mayer Peter , Reus Manuel A. , Blätte Dominic , Günther Marcella , Hartmann Nicolai F. , Lotfi Soroush , Hofmann Jan P. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bein Thomas , Ameri Tayebeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, the mixed‐dimensional (3D/2D or 3D/1D) perovskite solar cells using small organic spacers have attracted interest due to their outstanding long‐term stability. Here, a new type of thiophene‐based organic cation 2‐(thiophene‐2yl‐)pyridine‐1‐ium iodide (ThPyI), which is used to fabricate mixed‐dimensional 3D/1D perovskite solar cells, is presented. The ThPyI‐based 1D perovskitoid is applied as a passivator on top of a 3D methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) to fabricate surface‐passivated 3D/1D perovskite films or added alone into the 3D perovskite precursor to generate bulk‐passivated 3D MAPI. The 1D perovskitoid acts as a passivating agent at the grain boundaries of surface‐passivated 3D/1D, which improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells. Grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies confirm that ThPyI triggers the preferential orientation of the bulk MAPI slabs, which is essential to enhance charge transport. Champion bulk‐passivated 3D and surface‐passivated 3D/1D devices yield 14.10% and 19.60% PCE, respectively. The bulk‐passivated 3D offers favorable stability, with 84% PCE retained after 2000 h without encapsulation. This study brings a new perspective to the design of organic spacers having a different binding motif and a passivation strategy to mitigate the impact of defects in hybrid 3D/1D perovskite solar cells.
Infrared Resonance Tailoring of Individual Split‐Ring Resonators with Phase‐Change Materials by Locally Changing the Dielectric Surrounding of the Antenna Hotspots
Authors: Conrads Lukas , Heßler Andreas , Wirth Konstantin G. , Meyer Sebastian , Wuttig Matthias , Chigrin Dmitry N. , Taubner Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor miniaturized active metasurfaces, resonance tuning of nanoantennas is a key ingredient. Phase‐change materials (PCMs) have been established as prime candidates for non‐volatile resonance tuning enabled by a change in the refractive index around nanoantennas. Conventionally, this tuning is induced by annealing the entire sample equally and does not allow changes on a meta‐atom level. Recently, it is demonstrated that individual rodantenna resonances can be adjusted by addressing each meta‐atom locally with precise laser pulses and switching the PCM there. However, simultaneously controlling several different modes remains elusive. In this work, PCM‐covered aluminum split‐ring resonators (SRRs) are switched locally to tune both the electric dipole resonances as well as the magnetic dipole resonances. By selectively switching the PCM at different hotspots of the SRRs, both resonances can be tuned individually. Finally, the field enhancement in the magnetic resonance allows continuous tuning of surface‐enhanced infrared absorption of native SiO2. This work serves as a proof of principle for sophisticated resonance tuning via changes in the refractive index at the hotspots of the selected antennas enabling fine‐tuning functionalities on a meta‐atom level and allows for post‐fabrication adjustments of metasurfaces.
4f‐Less Terahertz Optical Pattern Recognition Enabled by Complex Amplitude Modulating Metasurface Through Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Wang Zongyuan , Hu Bin , Liu Jingyu , Wang Guocui , Liu Weiguang , Xiong Chenjie , Huang Jianzhou , Liu Juan , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptical pattern recognition (OPR) has the advantage of single intensity detection ability for low‐cost terahertz (THz) systems of imaging or security checks. However, conventional 4f‐system‐based OPR is limited by the paraxial approximation and bulky device volumes for THz applications. Here, a full‐diffraction‐based 4f‐less OPR method is proposed using a single complex‐amplitude‐modulating metasurface, which is valid for systems with large Fresnel numbers. Moreover, a laser‐induced graphene technique is applied for processing the device. A 15 mm × 15 mm metasurface can be fabricated by one‐step laser writing in 34 s, indicating the potential of the proposed method in developing THz OPR systems with miniaturization, fast fabrication, and low‐cost.
Supramolecular Polymer‐Nanomedicine Hydrogel Loaded with Tumor Associated Macrophage‐Reprogramming polyTLR7/8a Nanoregulator for Enhanced Anti‐Angiogenesis Therapy of Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiang , Huangfu Yini , Wang Jingrong , Kong Pengxu , Tian Weijun , Liu Peng , Fang Chuang , Li Shuangyang , Nie Yu , Feng Zujian , Huang Pingsheng , Shi Shengbin , Zhang Chuangnian , Dong Anjie , Wang Weiwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnti‐angiogenic therapies targeting inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway show clinical benefit in hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. However, HCC expresses massive pro‐angiogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to anti‐angiogenic therapy, recruiting tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), leading to revascularization and tumor progression. To regulate cell types in TME and promote the therapeutic efficiency of anti‐angiogenic therapy, a supramolecular hydrogel drug delivery system (PLDX‐PMI) co‐assembled by anti‐angiogenic nanomedicines (PCN‐Len nanoparticles (NPs)) and oxidized dextran (DX), and loaded with TAMs‐reprogramming polyTLR7/8a nanoregulators (p(Man‐IMDQ) NRs) is developed for orthotopic liver cancer therapy. PCN‐Len NPs target tyrosine kinases of vascular endothelial cells and blocked VEGFR signaling pathway. p(Man‐IMDQ) NRs repolarize pro‐angiogenic M2‐type TAMs into anti‐angiogenic M1‐type TAMs via mannose‐binding receptors, reducing the secretion of VEGF, which further compromised the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. On highly malignant orthotopic liver cancer Hepa1‐6 model, it is found that a single administration of the hydrogel formulation significantly decreases tumor microvessel density, promotes tumor vascular network maturation, and reduces M2‐subtype TAMs, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor progression. Collectively, findings in this work highlight the great significance of TAMs reprogramming in enhancing anti‐angiogenesis treatment for orthotopic HCC, and provides an advanced hydrogel delivery system‐based synergistic approach for tumor therapy.
Palladium Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes
Authors: Meng Jingjie , Liu Huikang , Wu Zhengxing , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmines are widely applied in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and the development of synthetic methods for their preparation is driven by their importance. The amination of alkenes is a direct and efficient method for the construction of amines, of which oxidative amination is more valuable because it can give the desired products with greater functionality and flexibility. In oxidative amination, using molecular oxygen (O2) as a terminal oxidant has promising industrial application prospects. In recent years, the palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alkenes has seen significant progress, and its related research has also been extended to the aerobic oxidative amination of alkenes. The corresponding oxidation systems have been developed from early research involving the introduction of cocatalysts to the more recent systems which utilize auxiliary ligands instead of cocatalysts. In this review, the advancements in the palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of monoalkenes and conjugated dienes over the last two decades are discussed, with emphasis on aerobic oxidation process and their associated mechanisms.