bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Scale to Measure the Attitude towards Innovation Use in Rice Farming
Authors: Vivek S. , Bonny Binoo P. 
Published: July 2023

This study elucidates the entire methodology adopted for the development of a scale to measure farmers’ attitude towards innovation use (AIU) in rice farming. To measure the attitude of farmers towards innovation use in rice farming, a comprehensive list of 30 statements was developed by thoroughly reviewing the literature available and modifying some items from pre-existing scales. The items for this Likert-type scale were developed following the criteria put forward by Edwards and Kilpatrick (1948). These items were subjected to a thorough sorting process in consultation with domain experts and 19 statements were finally selected for the measuring instrument to be developed. These items were sent to judges for expert content evaluation. Based on the content validity index score for items and modified Kappa statistic, 15 statements were finally selected to constitute the proposed scale. The internal consistency check using Chronbach’s alpha was used to ensure the reliability of the proposed scale, and a value of 0.88 was obtained, indicating higher reliability. The standardized scale has practical applicability in measuring the attitude of farmers towards innovation use in rice farming.
Postdischarge Caregiver Burden Among Family Caregivers of Older Trauma Patients
Authors: Tabata-Kelly Masami , Ruan Mengyuan , Dey Tanujit , Sheu Christina , Kerr Emma , Kaafarani Haytham , Ornstein Katherine A. , Kelley Amy , Gray Tamryn F. , Salim Ali , Joseph Bellal , Cooper Zara 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceCaregiver burden, characterized by psychological distress and physical morbidity, affects more than 50 million family caregivers of older adults in the United States. Risk factors for caregiver burden among caregivers of older trauma patients have not been well characterized.ObjectiveTo characterize postdischarge caregiver burden among caregivers of older trauma patients and identify targets that can inform interventions to improve their experience.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used a repeated cross-sectional design. Participants were family caregivers for adults 65 years or older with traumatic injury who were discharged from 1 of 2 level I trauma centers. Telephone interviews were conducted at 1 month and 3 months postdischarge with family caregivers (identified by the patient as family or friends who provided unpaid care). Admissions occurred between December 2019 and May 2021, and data were analyzed from June 2021 to May 2022.ExposureHospital admission for geriatric trauma.Main Outcome and MeasuresHigh caregiver burden was defined by a score of 17 or higher on the 12-item Zarit Burden Interview. Caregiver self-efficacy and preparedness for caregiving were assessed via the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy and Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, respectively. Associations between caregiver self-efficacy, preparedness for caregiving, and caregiver burden were tested via mixed-effect logistic regression.ResultsThere were 154 family caregivers enrolled in the study. Their mean (SD) age was 60.6 (13.0) years (range, 18-92 years), 108 of 154 were female (70.6%). The proportion of caregivers experiencing high burden (Zarit Burden Interview score ≥17) was unchanged over time (1 month, 38 caregivers [30.9%]; 3 months, 37 caregivers [31.4%]). Participants with lower caregiver self-efficacy and preparedness for caregiving were more likely to experience greater caregiver burden (odds ratio [OR], 7.79; 95% CI, 2.54-23.82; P &amp;lt; .001; and OR, 5.76; 95% CI, 1.86-17.88; P = .003, respectively).Conclusion and RelevanceThis study found that nearly a third of family caregivers of older trauma patients experience high caregiver burden up to 3 months after the patients’ discharge. Targeted interventions to increase caregiver self-efficacy and preparedness may reduce caregiver burden in geriatric trauma.
Just as I expected? Hindsight bias for the outcome of a national referendum is moderated by outcome valence and surprise
Authors: Greene Ciara M. , Levine Linda J. , Loftus Elizabeth F. , Murphy Gillian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen people learn that an event has occurred, they often report that they expected it all along. The present study explored this “hindsight bias” for the outcome of a national referendum on abortion. Participants rated the probability of the referendum passing one week before polling day, and then recalled their original estimates one week and one year post‐referendum. The magnitude and direction of bias was predicted by voting choice: People on the losing side exhibited a classic hindsight bias, and remembered believing the outcome to be roughly 16% more likely than they originally reported. In contrast, people on the winning side exhibited a weak reversal of the typical bias. Hindsight bias was moderated by feelings of surprise in both groups. This study suggests that individuals on the losing side of political campaigns may be especially likely to misremember their prior expectations if the outcome is disappointing but not unexpected.
Unraveling the Missing Link of Bio‐Electrical Stimulation from Body‐Mediated Energy Transfer
Authors: Jung Sungwon , Yong Hyungseok , Lee Milae , Kim Banseok , Kang Tae‐Yun , Jang Hun Soo , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Dongchang , Choi Moonhyun , Bang Geul , Hwang Heeyoun , Choi Sung‐Hwan , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the technologies for treating diseases are attracting continuous attention, physical therapy methods, particularly electrical stimulation (ES), have been widely investigated owing to their high effectiveness. As ES essentially requires an external power source, various efforts are being devoted to achieving the application of ES to the human body using nanogenerators. Various studies have verified the effect of ES by applying the same output generated by the device to in vitro and in vivo bio‐electrical stimulation. However, it is unknown whether the electrical output generated by the device can be transmitted equally in the cell unit, and this is considered a common missing link in bio‐electrical stimulation research. Herein, the missing link between electrical devices and in vitro bio‐electrical stimulations is unraveled by the ex vivo, 2D simulation, and in vitro study of body‐mediated energy transfer (BmET) models. In addition, BmET‐based ES is applied to pre‐osteoblasts, and the increased cellular functions are verified.
Broadband Photodetectors and Imagers in Stretchable Electronics Packaging
Authors: Araki Teppei , Li Kou , Suzuki Daichi , Abe Takaaki , Kawabata Rei , Uemura Takafumi , Izumi Shintaro , Tsuruta Shuichi , Terasaki Nao , Kawano Yukio , Sekitani Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation of a smart society wherein internal evaluations can be easily performed nondestructively from the surface of various objects that is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic‐material‐based stretchable optical sensors and imagers that possess both bending capability and rubber‐like elasticity are reviewed. The latest trends in nondestructive evaluation equipment that enable simple on‐site evaluations of health conditions and abnormalities are discussed without subjecting the targeted living bodies and various objects to mechanical stress. Real‐time performance under real‐life conditions is becoming increasingly important for creating smart societies interwoven with optical technologies. In particular, the terahertz (THz)‐wave region offers a substance‐ and state‐specific fingerprint spectrum that enables instantaneous analyses. However, to make THz sensors accessible, the following issues must be addressed: broadband and high‐sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability to follow the surface movements of targets, and digital transformation compatibility. The materials, electronics packaging, and remote imaging systems used to overcome these issues are discussed in detail. Ultimately, stretchable optical sensors and imagers with highly sensitive and broadband THz sensors can facilitate the multifaceted on‐site evaluation of solids, liquids, and gases.
Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry
Authors: Silva Igor d'Anciães Almeida , Bartalucci Ettore , Bolm Carsten , Wiegand Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high‐resolution solid‐state NMR under magic‐angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid‐state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid‐state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid‐state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR‐crystallographic structure‐determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular‐recognition events employing proton‐detected solid‐state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
Templated Total Synthesis of Cu(I)‐Methanobactin OB3b**
Authors: Cupioli Emilia , Gaigne Frédéric J. M. , Sachse Anna , Buday Philipp , Weigand Wolfgang , Liebing Phil , Arndt Hans‐Dieter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMethanobactin OB3b (Mbn‐OB3b) is a unique natural product with stunning affinity for copper ions (Ka≈Cu(I) 1034). Here, we report the first total synthesis of Cu(I)‐bound methanobactin OB3b featuring as key transformations a cyclodehydration‐thioacylation sequence, to generate the conjugated heterocyclic systems, and a copper‐templated cyclization, to complete the caged structure of the very sensitive target compound.
Cyclodextrin‐supported Co(OH)2 Clusters as Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Selective H2O2 Synthesis
Authors: Qi Defeng , Xu Jie , Zhou Yitong , Zhang Hao , Shi Jianqiao , He Kun , Yuan Yifei , Luo Jun , Wang Shun , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCo‐based material catalysts have shown attractive application prospects in the 2 e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, for the industrial synthesis of H2O2, there is still lack of Co‐based catalysts with high production yield rate. Here, novel cyclodextrin‐supported Co(OH)2 cluster catalysts were prepared via a mild and facile method. The catalyst exhibited remarkable H2O2 selectivity (94.2 % ~ 98.2 %), good stability (99 % activity retention after 35 h), and ultra‐high H2O2 production yield rate (5.58 mol gcatalyst−1 h−1 in the H‐type electrolytic cell), demonstrating its promising industrial application potential. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the cyclodextrin‐mediated Co(OH)2 electronic structure optimizes the adsorption of OOH* intermediates and significantly enhances the activation energy barrier for dissociation, leading to the high reactivity and selectivity for the 2 e− ORR. This work offers a valuable and practical strategy to design Co‐based electrocatalysts for H2O2 production.
Nukleophiler Angriff am Pentaarsaferrocen [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] – Der Weg zu größeren Polyarsenid‐Liganden
Authors: Reichl Stephan , Riesinger Christoph , Scheer Manfred 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDurch die Reaktion von [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] (I) (Cp*=C5Me5) mit Hauptgruppenelement‐Nukleophilen werden einzigartige funktionalisierte Produkte mit η4‐koordinierten Polyarsenid‐(Asn)‐Einheiten (n=5, 6, 20) erhalten. Mit kohlenstoffbasierten Nukleophilen wie beispielsweise MeLi oder KBn (Bn=CH2Ph) sind die anionischen organo‐substituierten Polyarsenidkomplexe [Li(2.2.2‐Kryptand)][Cp*Fe(η4‐As5Me)] (1 a) und [K(2.2.2‐Kryptand)][Cp*Fe{η4‐As5(CH2Ph)}] (1 b) zugänglich. Die Verwendung von KAsPh2 führt zu einer selektiven und kontrollierten Erweiterung der As5‐Einheit und unter Bildung der monoanionischen Verbindung [K(2.2.2‐Kryptand][Cp*Fe(η4‐As6Ph2)] (2). Wird I mit [M]As(SiMe3)2 (M=Li ⋅ THF; K) zur Reaktion gebracht, kommt es zur Bildung der größten bekannten anionischen Polyarsenid‐Einheit in [M′(2.2.2‐Kryptand)]2[(Cp*Fe)4{μ5‐η4:η4:η3:η3:η1:η1‐As20}] (3)(M′=Li (3 a), K (3 b)).
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of Cyclopropenes under Lanthanocene Catalysis
Authors: Lin Xiaobin , An Kun , Zhuo Qingde , Nishiura Masayoshi , Cong Xuefeng , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric hydrophosphination of cyclopropenes with phosphines is of much interest and importance, but has remained hardly explored to date probably because of the lack of suitable catalysts. We report here the diastereo‐ and enantioselective hydrophosphination of 3,3‐disubstituted cyclopropenes with phosphines by a chiral lanthanocene catalyst bearing theC2‐symmetric 5,6‐dioxy‐4,7‐trans‐dialkyl‐substituted tetrahydroindenyl ligands. This protocol offers a selective and efficient route for the synthesis of a new family of chiral phosphinocyclopropane derivatives, featuring 100 % atom efficiency, good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and no need for a directing group.
Supercritical CO2‐assisted formation of metal–organic framework‐loaded porous polystyrene membranes for dye removal
Authors: Matsuyama Kiyoshi , Kawahara Yuka , Shoji Ayano , Kato Takafumi , Okuyama Tetsuya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are efficient adsorbents for the removal of hazardous materials. An MOF based on 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), Cu3(BTC)2, is prepared via phase separation using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as a nonsolvent for the polymer solution. The prepared MOF is then loaded onto microporous polystyrene membranes. To evaluate the performance of Cu3(BTC)2‐loaded microporous polystyrene membranes for pollutant removal from water, they are tested for the separation of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. Prior to the preparation of the Cu3(BTC)2‐loaded microporous polystyrene membranes, Cu3(BTC)2 is activated with scCO2. After the activation with scCO2, the internal surface area of Cu3(BTC)2 and its MB adsorption increase. A toluene solution of polystyrene containing Cu3(BTC)2 particles is prepared, and scCO2 is introduced to induce the phase separation of the polymer solution. A Cu3(BTC)2‐loaded microporous polystyrene membrane is obtained without the collapse of the structure after the release of the CO2 pressure. MB can be readily and rapidly removed from aqueous solutions using Cu3(BTC)2‐loaded microporous polystyrene membranes. The removal efficiencies for aqueous MB solution were high, and removal efficiencies reached 92.8%.
Effect of addition of triallyl isocyanurate and post‐ultraviolet irradiation on the selected properties of composites of poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate) and nano‐sized calcium carbonate
Authors: Zhang Haitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and nano‐sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), glycidyl methacrylate and benzophenone (BP) were prepared by using a double screw extruder and blown into films by extrusion blow molding. After exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light at 10, 20, and 40 J/cm2 of irradiation doses, the selected performances of the irradiated films were investigated. UV irradiation increased the tensile performances but had little effect on the thermal behaviors. Scanning electron microscope revealed that UV irradiation enhanced the connection between the two phases of PLA and PBS. The improvement in tensile properties was attributed to the formation of crosslinking during UV irradiation in the presence of TAIC and BP and the enhancement of the interface bonding between the two. However, excessive exposure reduced the elongation at break and fracture energy, attributed to the molecular chain breakage at high doses. On the other hand, the tensile performances improved and the light transmission decreased with increasing the TAIC content up to 2.5 phr after UV exposure at the same irradiation dose. UV irradiation was revealed to be a simple and effective technique to improve the tensile performances of LA/PBS/CaCO3 films with bicontinuous phases.
Novel functionalized isocyanate groups polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/epoxy composites with advanced thermal and moisture resistance properties
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Lu Junhan , Jiang Mingquan , Chen Yi , Mai Jun , Lin Ruifen , Wang Hui , Zhang Jikang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of the electronic packaging industry has necessitated the production of epoxy resin insulation materials with high heat resistance and low water absorption. In this study a new cross‐linking composite composed of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized with isocyanate groups and epoxy resin (EP) containing phenolic hydroxyl groups. By employing an isocyanate‐hydroxyl process, the cage structure of Ph7POSS with isocyanate functionalization (MP) can be suspended on EP, leading to a significant improvement in the thermal and moisture resistance of the MP/EP composite. Our DSC and TGA studies revealed that the addition of 3% MP to the epoxy resin increased the glass transition temperature by 27.1°C and raised the initial thermal breakdown temperature to 334.5°C. We also utilized a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique to continuously monitor the moisture resistance of the composite, and our results showed that the composite absorbed only 0.03% of water. Moreover, the porosity and cross‐linking of the POSS molecules further restricted the movement of the polymer chains, thereby reducing the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composite. Consequently, the MP‐modified epoxy composites exhibit excellent properties, which suggest promising applications in the field of electronic packaging.
Planning for Service Line Material Identification and Lead Service Line Replacement Costs
Authors: Kutzing Sandra , Murray Nestor , Sayre Ariel , Gawlik Emory 
Published: July 2023

Key TakeawaysA utility survey was performed to gather cost data and information on identification and verification methods.In compiling a service line inventory, water utilities need to account for using multiple verification methods at some locations to improve accuracy.Costs vary significantly between verification methods for developing accurate service line inventories and should be accounted for in a water system's planning efforts.The costs for lead service line replacements are estimated to be higher than originally reported when accounting for auxiliary costs to utilities.
Adaptive Planning: A Resilience Model for Communities
Authors: Duncan Rachel , Hunter Steve , Christoff Tyler , Rehring John , Courtney Beorn 
Published: July 2023

Key TakeawaysFor many communities across the United States, shifting trends in climate and other environmental conditions are threatening water supplies.The pressure is on water providers to adapt—to explore alternative supply sources and develop resilience strategies for the long term.Aspen, Colo., enhanced the reliability of its water supply and closed the gap between supply and demand with integrated water planning.Aspen created and evaluated several options for its 50‐year adaptive plan, considering climate impacts on supply and demand as well as other potential threats.
Kentucky Water and Wastewater Workforce Survey
Authors: Ormsbee Lindell , Koyagi Emily Raine , McNeil Donna , Shelley James A. , Lucas Valerie A. 
Published: July 2023

Key TakeawaysKentucky, like other states, faces growing challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified water operators.A recent survey of managers and operators from Kentucky water utilities identified weaknesses in the areas of pay, benefits, training, employee appreciation, COVID, and job satisfaction.The recommendations generated by this survey apply not only to water utilities in Kentucky but possibly to the water industry as a whole.
Outcomes and treatment failure after open or robotic ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries
Authors: Rossanese Marta , Giannarini Gianluca , Scalia Riccardo , Macchione Luciano , Crestani Alessandro , Simonato Alchiede , Ficarra Vincenzo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the aetiology, perioperative outcomes and treatment failure of contemporary patients undergoing open or robot‐assisted ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analysed consecutive patients who underwent ureteral reconstruction for iatrogenic injuries at two academic centres 07/2013 and 06/2022. A variety of open or robot‐assisted procedures were performed, including uretero‐cystoneostomy, Boari bladder flap, uretero‐ureterostomy, ileal replacement and pyelo‐ureteroplasty. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon with extensive experience in open and robot‐assisted surgery and preference‐based management. Outcome measures were aetiology, estimated blood loss, length of stay, postoperative complications and treatment failure, defined as upper tract obstruction requiring permanent urinary drainage. We also planned a subgroup analysis comparing the outcomes between open and robot‐assisted procedures.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were included. Most injuries were consequent to endourological procedures (44%). The most frequently performed procedures were uretero‐cystoneostomy (49.2%) and Boari bladder flap (32.2%). Forty (67.8%) were open, and 19 (32.2%) were robot‐assisted procedures. Major postoperative complications were recorded in seven (11.9%) patients. After a median follow‐up of 42 months (interquartile range 12–24), treatment failure was observed in seven (11.9%) cases. Robot‐assisted versus open procedures were associated with decreased estimated blood loss (p = 0.01), length of stay (p < 0.001) and treatment failure (0/19 vs. 7/36, p = 0.04).ConclusionIn our series of iatrogenic ureteral lesions requiring reconstructive surgery, endourological procedures were the most frequent cause. Major postoperative complications were infrequent, and treatment failure rate was low. The robot‐assisted approach was associated with improved perioperative outcomes and lower failure rate compared with open.