bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Economic Segregation Over the Life Course and Incident Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Black Women in California
Authors: Francis Brittney , Pearl Michelle , Colen Cynthia , Shoben Abigail , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Black women in the United States have the highest incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and are disproportionately burdened by its adverse sequalae, compared with women of all racial and ethnic groups. Segregation, a key driver of structural racism for Black families, can provide information critical to understanding these disparities. We examined the association between racial and economic segregation at 2 points and incident HDP using intergenerationally linked birth records of 45,204 Black California-born primiparous mothers (born 1982–1997) and their infants (born 1997–2011), with HDP ascertained from hospital discharge records. Women’s early childhood and adulthood neighborhoods were categorized as deprived, mixed, or privileged based on the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (a measure of concentrated racial and economic segregation), yielding 9 life-course trajectories. Women living in deprived neighborhoods at both time points experienced the highest odds of HDP (from mixed effect logistic regression, unadjusted odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.40) compared with women living in privileged neighborhoods at both time points. All trajectories involving residence in a deprived neighborhood in early childhood or adulthood were associated with increased odds of HDP, whereas mixed-privileged and privileged-mixed trajectories were not. Future studies should assess the causal nature of these associations.
Role of pattern recognition receptors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Araldi Dionéia , Khomula Eugen V , Bonet Ivan J M , Bogen Oliver , Green Paul G , Levine Jon D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Progress in the development of effective chemotherapy is producing a growing population of patients with acute and chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a serious treatment-limiting side effect for which there is currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment.
CIPNs induced by diverse classes of chemotherapy drugs have remarkably similar clinical presentations, leading to the suggestion they share underlying mechanisms. Sensory neurons share with immune cells the ability to detect damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), molecules produced by diverse cell types in response to cellular stress and injury, including by chemotherapy drugs. DAMPs, in turn, are ligands for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), several of which are found on sensory neurons, as well as satellite cells, and cells of the immune system. In the present experiments, we evaluated the role of two PRRs, TLR4 and RAGE, present in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), in CIPN.
Antisense (AS)-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) against TLR4 and RAGE mRNA were administered intrathecally before (‘prevention protocol’) or 3 days after (‘reversal protocol’) the last administration of each of three chemotherapy drugs that treat cancer by different mechanisms (oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and bortezomib). TLR4 and RAGE AS-ODN prevented the development of CIPN induced by all three chemotherapy drugs. In the reversal protocol, however, while TLR4 AS-ODN completely reversed oxaliplatin- and paclitaxel-induced CIPN, in rats with bortezomib-induced CIPN it only produced a temporary attenuation. RAGE AS-ODN, in contrast, reversed CIPN induced by all three chemotherapy drugs.
When a TLR4 antagonist was administered intradermally to the peripheral nociceptor terminal, it did not affect CIPN induced by any of the chemotherapy drugs. However, when administered intrathecally, to the central terminal, it attenuated hyperalgesia induced by all three chemotherapy drugs, compatible with a role of TLR4 in neurotransmission at the central terminal but not sensory transduction at the peripheral terminal.
Finally, since it has been established that cultured DRG neurons can be used to study direct effects of chemotherapy on nociceptors, we also evaluated the role of TLR4 in CIPN at the cellular level, using patch-clamp electrophysiology in DRG neurons cultured from control and chemotherapy-treated rats. We found that increased excitability of small-diameter DRG neurons induced by in vivo and in vitro exposure to oxaliplatin is TLR4-dependent. Our findings suggest that in addition to the established contribution of PRR-dependent neuroimmune mechanisms, PRRs in DRG cells also have an important role in CIPN.
Structural and functional network analysis of twins using fMRI data
Authors: Yao Xing , Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Yang Hang , Biswal Bharat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Similarities between twins have been widely demonstrated, underscoring the remarkable influence of genetics across numerous traits. In this study, we explore the genetic underpinnings of the human brain by examining MRI data from the Queensland Twin Imaging study. Specifically, this study seeks to compare brain structure and function between twins and unrelated subjects, with an emphasis on describing the effects of genetic factors. To achieve these goals, we employed the source-based morphometry method to extract intrinsic components and elucidate recognizable patterns. Our results show that twins exhibit a higher degree of similarity in gray and white matter density compared with unrelated individuals. In addition, four distinct states of brain activity were identified using coactivation patterns analysis. Furthermore, twins demonstrated a greater degree of similarity in the temporal and spatial features of each state compared with unrelated subjects. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that twins show greater similarity in both brain structure and dynamic functional brain activity. Further exploration of these methods may advance our understanding of the complex interplay between genes, environment, and brain networks.
‘The solution is we need to have a centre’: a study on diabetes in Liberia
Authors: Bleah Paulina , Wilson Rosemary , Macdonald Danielle , Camargo-Plazas Pilar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In Liberia, one of the poorest nations in sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of diabetes is a growing concern. The high mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes have significant implications for individuals, families and society at large. The aim of this critical hermeneutic study was to explore what it is like to live with diabetes in Liberia. We recruited 10 participants from Monrovia, Liberia to partake in this study. Photovoice, a well-established participatory data collection approach was used to gather images and stories that represented participants’ everyday experiences of living with diabetes. Three major themes were uncovered, highlighting the strengths, challenges and solutions related to living with diabetes in Liberia: strengths—engagement in diabetes self-management practices, focused on participants’ commitment to engage in diabetes self-management practices despite the socioeconomic challenges they experienced; challenges—lack of social and economic support, focused on limited access to food, diabetes medications and supplies and diabetes education; and solutions—centre for diabetes education, care and support, focused on participants’ recommendations for a community-based diabetes centre, a single point of access for meeting the needs of people with diabetes. A strong commitment to prioritize diabetes on Liberia’s national health agenda and increased resources for diabetes care is needed to address the challenges experienced by people living with this chronic disease in Liberia.
Diagnosing Viral Infections Through T-Cell Receptor Sequencing of Activated CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Vujkovic Alexandra , Ha My , de Block Tessa , van Petersen Lida , Brosius Isabel , Theunissen Caroline , van Ierssel Sabrina H , Bartholomeus Esther , Adriaensen Wim , Vanham Guido , Elias George , Van Damme Pierre , Van Tendeloo Viggo , Beutels Philippe , van Frankenhuijsen Maartje , Vlieghe Erika , Ogunjimi Benson , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter , Vercauteren Koen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
T-cell–based diagnostic tools identify pathogen exposure but lack differentiation between recent and historical exposures in acute infectious diseases. Here, T-cell receptor (TCR) RNA sequencing was performed on HLA-DR+/CD38+CD8+ T-cell subsets of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30; 10 of whom had previously been exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). CDR3α and CDR3β TCR regions were clustered separately before epitope specificity annotation using a database of SARS-CoV-2–associated CDR3α and CDR3β sequences corresponding to &gt;1000 SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. The depth of the SARS-CoV-2–associated CDR3α/β sequences differentiated COVID-19 patients from the healthy controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.84 ± 0.10. Hence, annotating TCR sequences of activated CD8+ T cells can be used to diagnose an acute viral infection and discriminate it from historical exposure. In essence, this work presents a new paradigm for applying the T-cell repertoire to accomplish TCR-based diagnostics.
The first case of a littoral spleen-preserving resection: a case report
Authors: Lew Chen , Dhadlie Sunny , Hussey Daniel , Mayavel Naveen , Skinner Stewart , Wilson Kasmira 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Littoral cell angiomas are uncommon primary splenic haemangiomas with rare malignant potential. We report a case of a 76-year-old male with an incidental solitary littoral cell angioma found within an accessory spleen. We provide an overview of the literature of littoral cell angiomas and highlight the diagnostic challenge and treatment of this important differential for general surgeons caring for patients with splenic masses. This is the first case to describe primary resection of a littoral cell angioma with splenic preservation.
Iron and zinc homeostasis in plants: a matter of trade-offs
Authors: Hanikenne Marc , Bouché Frédéric 
Published: September 2023

This article comments on:Stanton C, Rodríguez-Celma J, Krämer U, Sanders D, Balk J. 2023. BRUTUS-LIKE (BTSL) E3 ligase-mediated fine-tuning of Fe regulation negatively affects Zn tolerance of Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5767–5782.
Extensin and senescence: a cell wall connection
Authors: Kurepa Jasmina , Smalle Jan A 
Published: September 2023

This article comments on:Lu H, Niu X, Fan Y, Yuan Y, Huang L, Zhao B, Liu Y, Xiao F. 2023. The extensin protein SAE1 plays a role in leaf senescence and is targeted by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4 in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5635–5652.
Dissecting the Gaia HR diagram – II. The vertical structure of the star formation history across the solar cylinder
Authors: Mazzi Alessandro , Girardi Léo , Trabucchi Michele , Dalcanton Julianne J , Luger Rodrigo , Marigo Paola , Miglio Andrea , Costa Guglielmo , Chen Yang , Pastorelli Giada , Fouesneau Morgan , Zaggia Simone , Bressan Alessandro , Dal Tio Piero 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Starting from the Gaia DR3 HR diagram, we derive the star formation history (SFH) as a function of distance from the Galactic plane within a cylinder centred on the Sun with a 200 pc radius and spanning 1.3 kpc above and below the Galaxy’s midplane. We quantify both the concentration of the more recent star formation in the Galactic plane, and the age-related increase in the scale height of the Galactic disc stellar component, which is well-described by power laws with indices ranging from 1/2 to 2/3. The vertically-integrated star formation rate falls from $(1.147 \pm 0.039)\times 10^{-8}\, \text{M}_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1} \, \text{pc}^{-2}$ at earlier times down to $(6.2 \pm 3.0) \times 10^{-9}\, \text{M}_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1} \, \text{pc}^{-2}$ at present times, but we find a significant peak of star formation in the 2–3 Gyr age bin. The total mass of stars formed per unit area over time is $118.7 \pm 6.2\, \text{M}_\odot \, \text{pc}^{-2}$, which is nearly twice the present stellar mass derived from kinematics within 1 kpc from the Galactic plane, implying a high degree of matter recycling in successive generations of stars. The method is then modified by adopting an age-dependent correlation between the SFH across the different slices, which results in less noisy and more symmetrical results without significantly changing the previously mentioned quantities. This appears to be a promising way to improve SFH recovery in external galaxies.
Exploring the reliability of polar field rise rate as a precursor for an early prediction of solar cycle
Authors: Biswas Akash , Karak Bidya Binay , Kumar Pawan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The prediction of the strength of an upcoming solar cycle has been a long-standing challenge in the field of solar physics. The inherent stochastic nature of the underlying solar dynamo makes the strength of the solar cycle vary in a wide range. Till now, the polar precursor methods and the dynamo simulations that use the strength of the polar field at the cycle minimum to predict the strength of the following cycle have gained reasonable consensus by providing convergence in the predictions for Solar Cycles 24 and 25. Recently, it has been shown that just by using the observed correlation of the polar field rise rate with the peak of the polar field at the cycle minimum and the amplitude of the following cycle, a reliable prediction can be made much earlier than the cycle minimum. In this work, we perform surface flux transport (SFT) simulations to explore the robustness of this correlation against the stochastic fluctuations of bipolar magnetic region (BMR) tilt properties including anti-Joy and anti-Hale type anomalous BMRs, and against the variation of meridional flow speed. We find that the observed correlation is a robust feature of the solar cycles and thus it can be utilized for a reliable prediction of the solar cycle much earlier than the cycle minimum – the usual landmark of the solar cycle prediction.
Growing pains: understanding the impact of likelihood uncertainty on hierarchical Bayesian inference for gravitational-wave astronomy
Authors: Talbot Colm , Golomb Jacob 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Observations of gravitational waves emitted by merging compact binaries have provided tantalizing hints about stellar astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. However, the physical parameters describing the systems (mass, spin, distance) used to extract these inferences about the Universe are subject to large uncertainties. The most widely used method of performing these analyses requires performing many Monte Carlo integrals to marginalize over the uncertainty in the properties of the individual binaries and the survey selection bias. These Monte Carlo integrals are subject to fundamental statistical uncertainties. Previous treatments of this statistical uncertainty have focused on ensuring that the precision of the inferred inference is unaffected; however, these works have neglected the question of whether sufficient accuracy can also be achieved. In this work, we provide a practical exploration of the impact of uncertainty in our analyses and provide a suggested framework for verifying that astrophysical inferences made with the gravitational-wave transient catalogue are accurate. Applying our framework to models used by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration and in the wider literature, we find that Monte Carlo uncertainty in estimating the survey selection bias is the limiting factor in our ability to probe narrow population models and this will rapidly grow more problematic as the size of the observed population increases.
Signaling, Resolve, and Reputation in International Politics
Authors: Casler Don , Yarhi-Milo Keren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Scholars of international politics persistently debate the nature and relative importance of reputation in explaining state behavior. This chapter diagrams the basic questions at stake in the research agenda on reputation, resolve, and signaling in international relations. After clarifying the meaning of key terms, it presents an overview of conventional rationalist scholarship on signaling, resolve, and reputation before contrasting these accounts with insights derived from psychology. Among the chapter’s core contributions is to highlight both the divergences and complementarities between these scholarly traditions in their accounts of how states and leaders develop beliefs about reputation and assess others, particularly through the lens of costly signals. The chapter concludes by making a series of suggestions for new scholarship along currently understudied avenues within an overall vibrant research program.
Public Opinion about Foreign Policy
Authors: Kertzer Joshua D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores psychological approaches to the study of public opinion in foreign policy. Traditionally the study of public opinion in IR was disconnected from work in political psychology, but more recent work has sought to bridge the divide, at the same time that work in IR and foreign policy is increasingly interested in microfoundations more broadly. Topics covered include competing psychological models about the structure of foreign policy attitudes, the dynamics of public opinion toward the use of force (including the democratic peace, audience cost models, rally-around-the-flag effects, against type models, and public attitudes toward nuclear weapons), and the origins of public opinion on foreign economic issues like trade.
National Identity, Patriotism, and Nationalism
Authors: Huddy Leonie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Citizens form strong psychological attachments to the nation-state, which has proven to be a robust and enduring political entity. But citizens relate to a nation in different ways. This chapter reviews the many ways in which national attachments have been theorized and measured, drawing a sharp distinction between nationalism and patriotism. Nationalism or national chauvinism holds potentially negative normative consequences and can undercut national unity by creating internal divisions and stoking suspicion of outsiders. In contrast, patriotism fosters national solidarity, promotes trust among co-nationals, and enhances civic engagement. The chapter reviews the theoretical underpinnings, specific measurement, and political effects of both nationalism and patriotism. It also includes a discussion of the conditions under which nationalism is activated by political parties and leaders.
The Social Identity Approach to Political Leadership
Authors: Mols Frank , Haslam S. Alexander , Platow Michael J. , Reicher Stephen D. , Steffens Niklas K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Political leadership research has evolved in three broad phases. Early 20th century research focused on “charismatic” leaders, with Frankfurt School sociologists invoking Freudian principles to explain charismatic leadership and followership. Subsequent research focused on a match between context and leadership style. More recently, research has returned to the question of why some leaders have strong charismatic appeal and the capacity to cultivate followership. The social identity approach to political leadership advanced in this chapter offers a radical (fourth) alternative to this traditional individualistic analysis by focusing on the social and psychological group processes that leaders activate and engage with. In this approach, leadership results from a process of effective “identity entrepreneurship” in which influence derives from would-be leaders’ (a) capacity to redefine followers’ shared self-understanding, and (b) ability to present their political projects as epitomizing “who we are,” “what we are about,” and “who we want to be.”
Childhood and Adult Political Development
Authors: Sears David O. , Brown Christia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a literature review expanding research on political socialization to development of political attitudes and behavior over the full life course. The fundamental question is the extent to which, and under what conditions, early experiences leave predispositions that dominate later experiences. It first addresses development of political attitudes and behavior in the preadult years, and then traces development through the adult years. Four models are contrasted: persistence, impressionable years (including generational and collective memory effects), lifelong openness, and effects unique to particular life stages. It makes a case for the persistence and impressionable years models as explanations for adult party identification and racial attitudes.
The Evolutionary Approach to Political Psychology
Authors: Bang Petersen Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews how biological evolution has shaped human political psychology and how political psychologists can approach the study of evolution and politics. The core argument of the evolutionary approach to political psychology is that our ancestors repeatedly faced political problems as part of their small-scale social life. If evolution had not designed the human mind to deal with these problems, our ancestors would not have survived and reproduced. Accordingly, political psychologists should expect the human mind to contain a large number of psychological mechanisms specifically dedicated to political decision-making. The chapter outlines the general political problems faced by our ancestors; illustrates the evolutionary approach through in-depth discussions of the politics of pathogen avoidance, cheater detection, and status seeking; provides concrete advice on how to theorize about political psychology from an evolutionary perspective; and discusses how an evolutionary perspective sheds new light on classical discussions about citizens’ rationality.
Hydroxycinnamaldehyde-derived benzofuran components in lignins
Authors: Yoshioka Koichi , Kim Hoon , Lu Fachuang , De Ridder Nette , Vanholme Ruben , Kajita Shinya , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lignin is an abundant polymer in plant secondary cell walls. Prototypical lignins derive from the polymerization of monolignols (hydroxycinnamyl alcohols), mainly coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol, via combinatorial radical coupling reactions and primarily via the endwise coupling of a monomer with the phenolic end of the growing polymer. Hydroxycinnamaldehyde units have long been recognized as minor components of lignins. In plants deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, the last enzyme in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway that reduces hydroxycinnamaldehydes to monolignols, chain-incorporated aldehyde unit levels are elevated. The nature and relative levels of aldehyde components in lignins can be determined from their distinct and dispersed correlations in 2D 1H–13C-correlated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. We recently became aware of aldehyde NMR peaks, well resolved from others, that had been overlooked. NMR of isolated low-molecular-weight oligomers from biomimetic radical coupling reactions involving coniferaldehyde revealed that the correlation peaks belonged to hydroxycinnamaldehyde-derived benzofuran moieties. Coniferaldehyde 8-5-coupling initially produces the expected phenylcoumaran structures, but the derived phenolic radicals undergo preferential disproportionation rather than radical coupling to extend the growing polymer. As a result, the hydroxycinnamaldehyde-derived phenylcoumaran units are difficult to detect in lignins, but the benzofurans are now readily observed by their distinct and dispersed correlations in the aldehyde region of NMR spectra from any lignin or monolignol dehydrogenation polymer. Hydroxycinnamaldehydes that are coupled to coniferaldehyde can be distinguished from those coupled with a generic guaiacyl end-unit. These benzofuran peaks may now be annotated and reported and their structural ramifications further studied.