bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Postoperative Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure following Emergency Surgical Procedures at the causality theatre, Mulago National Referral Hospital.
Authors: Waswa Peter , Basenero Andrew , Singura Peninah , Kwizera Arthur , Erebu Erasmus Okello , Lubuulwa Clare Frances , Galenda Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Postoperative hypoxemic respiratory failure (PHRF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in emergency surgery and anesthesia [1]. Identifying patients at risk for PHRF is important for better patient outcomes. There is however little data describing the burden of PHRF and its risk factors in low-resource- setting such as Uganda. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of postoperative hypoxemic respiratory failure following emergency surgical procedures at the causality theatre, Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH).
Methods:Patients who underwent emergency surgery at the causality theatre of MNRH between March and April 2022 were assessed for PHRF within the first 5 days of postoperative. Background data were collected using questionnaires and medical records to assess risk factors. The patients were then followed up for 28 days post-operative to assess mortality. Analysis was done using Stata version 15 and Poisson regression was done to assess the risk factors for PHRF.
Results: Out of 389 participants recruited, 345 participants had their data analyzed. 78.3% were male and the mean age of the participants was 39.0 years. 14.5% developed PHRF within the first five postoperative days which was the overall incidence of PHRF. At multivariate analysis, four factors were significantly associated with the incidence of PHRF, that is, ASA score > 2 with a ninefold risk (8.58, 3.75-19.62, p <0.001), cigarette smoking with a fourfold risk (4.20, 2.03-8.71, p<0.001), estimated blood loss of over 100mls with a threefold risk (2.5, 1.59- 4.54, p < 0.001), and presence of a nasogastric tube preoperatively with a fivefold risk (5.20, 2.31-11.69, p<0.001). The mean hospital length of stay was substantially prolonged for those with PHRF within the first five days of surgery; 13 days’ vs 5 days in those without. The overall mortality on day 28 was 1 death per 1000 days of observation in those without PHRF vs. 40 deaths per 1000 days of observation in patients who developed PHRF.
Conclusions: PHRF is common within the first 5 days of post-operative with a high incidence rate of 14.5% following emergency surgery. Close monitoring of emergency surgical patients especially those with a smoking history, high blood loss, ASA score >2, or using a nasogastric tube preoperatively to allow early recognition and treatment of PHRF may reduce the risk of death.
Clinical benefits of tomosynthesis-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy: A comparison with stereotactic vacuum assisted biopsy
Authors: Kasahara Mikiko , Kanematsu Sayaka , Tanaka Yoshihito , Okazaki Satoshi , Watatani Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Tomosynthesis-guided vacuum assisted breast biopsy (3D-VAB) has been used increasingly and it is now replacing stereotactic vacuum assisted biopsy (2D-VAB). The aim of our study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of 3D-VAB and 2D-VAB on the number of tissue cores containing targeted calcifications and on the procedure time.Methods Consecutive 87 women who underwent biopsy at our hospital from April 2020 to March 2022 for calcifications mammographically suspicious of malignancy were included in this study: 57 patients with 3D-VAB and 30 patients with 2D-VAB. The procedure time was defined as the time between scout tomosynthesis for 3D-VAB and scout stereo images for 2D-VAB as a start and confirmation of targeted calcifications by specimen radiography as an end.Results Grouped or clustered calcified lesions were found in 39 and 21 patients among the 3D-VAB group and the 2D-VAB group, respectively. A mean long diameter and a mean area of the grouped or clustered calcified lesions of 39 patients were 9 mm and 50 mm2 from a MLO view. With the 21 cases of the 2D-VAB group, the corresponding figures were 10 mm and 78 mm2 from a MLO view. The mean number of tissue cores per biopsy containing targeted calcifications from the grouped or clustered calcified lesions was 3 and 2.3 specimens for 39 patients of the 3D-VAB group and for 21 patients of the 2D-VAB group, respectively. The mean procedure time for grouped or clustered calcifications was significantly shorter in the 3D-VAB group than in the 2D-VAB group (16.5 min vs. 27.4 min, P < 0.01). For all 87 patients, the mean procedure time was 18.1 minutes for 57 3D-VAB patients and 27.7 minutes for 30 2D-VAB patients, thus being significantly shorter with 3D-VAB than 2D-VAB (P < 0.01).Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the clinical performance of 3D-VAB is superior to that of 2D-VAB and that the significant reduction in examination time with 3D-VAB compared with 2D-VAB is expected to benefit patients.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide separation performance of metal organic frameworks based on Cu- and Zn-BTC: A density functional theory study
Authors: Banijamali Fatemehsadat , Maghari Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach was used to study the interaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the paddle wheel structures of Cu2(bmc)4 and Zn2(bmc)4 to investigate the separation of a CO/H2 mixture. An attempt was made to apply the B3LYP functional using the def2-tzvp and LANL basis sets to investigate this separation. Different orientations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide through adsorption on the metal sites of these structures were investigated and their single point energies were obtained. Binding energies and H2/CO adsorption enthalpy values were reported.
Deep Learning Architectures Framework for Emerging Outbreak Forecasting of Mpox: A Bagged Ensemble Scheme to Model Accurate Prediction Intervals
Authors: Soto-Ferrari Milton , Carrasco-Pena Alejandro , Prieto Diana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The Mpox virus is a disease of rare occurrence from the same family as the variola virus, which is hardly ever fatal, and its symptoms are like the ones of smallpox. As the outbreak was emerging in Brazil, the frail post-pandemic public health system and stigmatization yielded substandard data collection of confirmed cases. As of the beginning of 2023, the established case trend is short and has noisy patterns that challenge most existing forecasting methods.Methods To extend the modeling choices for emerging outbreaks with volatile and short-term confirmed case data, we evaluate the performance of multiple deep learning architectures, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), unidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). We further developed a bagged ensemble methodology (i.e., BaLSTM) with the best-identified method for predicting the Mpox emerging outbreak in Brazil. Our evaluation dataset consists of Brazil’s weekly Mpox cases from July 2022 to January 2023, contrasting the performance for the coming six weeks. Additionally, accepted machine-learning models were built to predict weekly confirmed cases to compare the relative performance of our implementation. We evaluated the performance of our deep learning architectures with exponential smoothing (ETS), ARIMA, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Neural Networks Autoregression (NNAR).Results Based on the results, the BaLSTM approach achieves an accuracy of 80.83% when considering its associated prediction intervals, translating into a 45% improvement in measuring forecast errors for the Mpox Brazil cases when evaluated with the remaining assessed methods. The proposed model can capture trends and patterns in the time series while considering the intrinsic attributes of the sample.Conclusions Implementation such as those described in this research will become increasingly crucial in predicting emerging epidemics with a small sample size and an apparent uncertain behavior.
The Capsicum terpenoid biosynthetic module is affected by spider-mite herbivory
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Kashkooli Arman Beyraghdar , Blom Suze , Zhao Tao , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Kappers Iris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In response to herbivory, Capsicumannuum leaves adapt their specialized metabolome that may protect the plant against herbivore feeding either directly or indirectly through volatile metabolites acting as cues for natural enemies of the herbivore. The volatile blend of spider-mite infested leaves differs from non-challenged leaves predominantly by a higher contribution of mono- and sesquiterpenes. In addition to these terpenoids released into the headspace, also the terpenoid composition of the leaves alters upon herbivory. All this suggests an important role for terpenoids and their biosynthetic machinery in the defence against herbivory. Here, we show that the C. annuum genome contains a terpene synthase (TPS) gene family of 103 putative members of which structural analysis revealed that 27 encode functional enzymes. Transcriptome analysis showed that several TPS loci were differentially expressed upon herbivory in leaves of two C.annuum genotypes. The relative expression of upstream biosynthetic genes from the mevalonate and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway also altered upon herbivory, revealing a shift in the metabolic flux through the terpene biosynthetic module. The expression of multiple genes potentially acting downstream of the TPSs, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucosyl transferases and transcription factors strongly correlated with the herbivory-induced TPS genes. A selection of herbivory-induced TPS genes was functionally characterized through heterologous expression and the products that these enzymes catalysed match with the volatile and non-volatile terpenoids induced in response to herbivory.
Symptoms and Quality of Life Characteristics of Family Therapy Patients Infected with Omicron in China ——a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: LI Zidong , Lei GAO , Lin ZHU 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives To describe the clinical symptoms and quality of life characteristics of family therapy patients after infection with omicron in China.Methods We conducted a survey of 732 Chinese residents and screened 526 patients who had been infected with Omicron. These patients received treatment at home and have recovered. We conducted a retrospective survey of symptoms and quality of life in these patients.Results Fever is the most common symptom with an incidence of 88.97% among Omicron infected individuals treated at home, and followed by cough, headache, rhinobyon, and weakness. During the acute phase after infection with omicron, the sleep quality and appetite of patients decrease to varying degrees. What’s more, physical fatigue in infected individuals was significantly more severe than in uninfected individuals. It took about 2 to 3days to recover from symptoms in the acute phase for patients with mild symptoms of Omicron treated at home, however it took 1 to 2 months to recover from fatigue and other syndromes of Omicron.Conclusion Fever is the most typical symptom of Omicron infected patients undergoing home treatment. COVID-19 has a negative impact on sleep quality and appetite, and has a short-term impact on work and learning.
Salmonella adhesion decreased by hypoxia due to adhesion and motility structures crosstalk
Authors: Grzymajlo Krzysztof , Dutkiewicz Agata , Czajkowska Joanna , Carolak Ewa , Aleksandrowicz Adrianna , Waszczuk Wiktoria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Initial stages of SalmonellaTyphimurium infection involves a series of coordinated events aimed at reaching, attaching to, and invading host cells. Virulence factors such as flagella, fimbriae, and secretion systems play crucial roles in these events and are regulated in response to the host environment. The first point of contact between the pathogen and host is the intestinal epithelial layer, which normally serves as a barrier against invading pathogens, but can also be an entry site for pathogens. The integrity of this barrier can be modulated by hypoxic environment of the intestines, created by the presence of trillions of microbes. Variable oxygen concentrations can strongly affect many functions of the gut, including secretion of cytokines and growth factors from the host site and affect the ability of Salmonella to persist, invade, and replicate. In this study, we investigated the first stages of Salmonella Typhimurium infection under hypoxic conditions and found that low oxygen levels significantly decreased bacterial adhesion. Our study also identified a hypoxia-specific cross-talk between the expression of type 1 fimbriae and flagella, suggesting that altered flagellin expression levels affect the motility of bacteria and further impact their adhesion level, biofilm formation ability, and innate immune response. Overall, understanding how Salmonella interacts with its variable host environment provides insights into the virulence mechanisms of the bacterium and information regarding strategies for preventing or treating infections. Further research is required to fully understand the complex interplay between Salmonella and its host environment.
From massive pulmonary embolism to successful extracorporeal life support: Supportive role of point-of-care ultrasound.
Authors: Venkata Chakradhar , Sermadevi Vinaya , Plisco Michael , Kasal Jan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) allows the clinician to accurately identify various types of shock and target therapeutic interventions accordingly in critically ill patients. In this report, we describe the rapid and opportune utilization of POCUS in diagnosing and treating a patient with a massive pulmonary embolism who required extracorporeal life support (ECLS).
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department with dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest performed at an urgent care clinic the same day showed near-completely occlusive emboli within the distal main pulmonary arteries bilaterally with suggested right ventricular strain. The comprehensive echocardiogram revealed dilated right ventricle (RV) with severely reduced systolic function. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with unfractionated heparin.
As the patient was preparing for transfer to the medical ward on day 3 of hospitalization, he had an acute episode of near-syncope and soon became pulseless. An ECLS consult was activated for lack of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) despite ongoing CPR and administration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), crystalloids, epinephrine, and bicarbonate boluses. A POCUS performed by the intensivist showed organized cardiac activity with a severely dilated RV, flattened intraventricular septum, and underfilled LV in the absence of a detectable pulse, suggestive of pseudo-pulseless electrical activity. He was cannulated under real-time ultrasound guidance for establishing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to provide full cardiac support. His ICU course was complicated by bleeding and persistent RV dysfunction. Utilization of POCUS helped narrow the differential diagnoses for circulatory failure in the ICU course. The patient was weaned off ECMO support after 48 hours and discharged to a rehabilitation facility on hospital day 27 with intact neurologic function.
Conclusion: This case describes a near-fatal complication of pulmonary embolism and highlights the importance of POCUS for rapid diagnosis of the etiology of cardiac arrest and timely initiation of ECLS. POCUS can complement the comprehensive echocardiogram and narrow the differential diagnoses during clinical deterioration. Intensivists should be proficient in acquiring, interpreting, and integrating POCUS into their clinical practice.
Bacillus velezensis WSW007 Different Concentrations Volatile Organic Compounds Stimulated Tobacco Growth by Up-regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Plant Growth and Development
Authors: He Yuxi , Peng Jieli , Jia Nan , Wang Xu , Ma Jia , Wang Hao , Zhang Cuimian , Wang Entao , Hu Dong , Wang Zhanwu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
In order to investigate the mechanism of plant growth promoting (PGP) effects of strain Bacillus velezensisWSW007, its PGP traits including indoleacetic acid production, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization and production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested.
Methods
The effects of VOCs produced by strain WSW007 on plant growth were observed by co-culturing this strain with tobacco seedlings in I-plates. Meanwhile, the effects of VOCs on tobacco gene expression were estimated by a transcriptome analysis and VOCs were identified by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) method.
Results
Positive reactions for the tested three PGP traits were detected in culture of strain WSW007; while tobacco seedlings co-cultured with strain WSW007 increased the fresh weight up to 143% compared with that of control plants, demonstrating that VOCs production was also a PGP trait. In transcriptome analysis, plants co-cultured with strain WSW007 presented the highest up-regulated expression for the genes involved in plant growth and development processes, implying that the bacterial VOCs played a role as regulator of plant gene expression. It was expected the strain WSW007 has capacity of plant growth promotion, might because affection of two volatiles that 2,3-butanediol and acetoin.
Conclusion
The up-regulation in expression of growth- and development-related genes via VOCsproduction is an important PGP mechanism in strain WSW007. In future study, other volatile compounds produced by strain WSW007 should be examined and revealled the effects of VOCs.
Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among senior dental students in Yemen: A multi- institution study
Authors: Shamala Anas , Halboub Esam , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Al-Sharani Hesham , Al-Hadi Mona , Ali Raheq , Laradhi Hajer , Murshed Heba , Mansoor Marwan , Ali Kamran 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Early detection and timely referral-to-specialized healthcare of Oral Cancer (OC) by different healthcare professionals is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rate of OC patients. This large-scale cross-sectional study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice on OC among senior dental students in Yemen.
Methods. A pre-validated online questionnaire was used for data collection. It consisted of a series of close-ended questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to OC. Yemeni dental students in clinical levels (4th and 5th years) from nine dental schools based in four major cities were invited to complete the survey. The study was carried out between May and November 2022. The. SPSS Version 28.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 927 completed the questionnaire: a response rate of 43%. While the majority identified smoking (93.8%), and smokeless tobacco (92.1%) as potential risk factors of OC, only 76.2% recognized sun exposure as a risk factor for lip cancer and only 50% were aware of old age as a risk factor of OC. Regarding clinical signs of OC, 84.1% reported that OC can present as non-healing ulcer; but only two thirds of the participants recognized that OC can present as a white and/or red lesion. With respect to practices, although 92.1% reported asking their patients regarding oral habits, only 78%, reported they regularly carry out a soft tissue examination. Only 54.5% participants considered themselves to be well-trained to provide smoking cessation advice, and 21% were confident regarding their knowledge on OC. The 5th year students showed significantly better knowledge and practices than the 4th year students did (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of senior dental students in Yemen on OC, which may impact adversely on early detection, referral, and prevention of OC. The findings underscore the need to improve OC teaching and training of undergraduate dental students and also to provision well-structured continuing professional development activities for dental professionals.
The impact of telemedicine on physician time invested in primary care- A large population-based descriptive study
Authors: Cohen Avivit Golan , Vinker Shlomo , Merzon Eugene , Green Ilan , Israel Ariel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:Telemedicine, including video visits, telephone visits, and digital correspondence, is increasingly offered by physicians, particularly since the Covid-19 pandemic. It is still unclear whether increasing the variety of services creates an increase in demand and therefore causes an increase in the workload of primary care physicians (PCPs). In this study, we used Accumulated Annual Duration of Time (AADT), an accepted index for assessing the workload of PCPs, to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on demands.Methods:A population-based descriptive study among 464,119 patients who were not diagnosed with Covid-19 and were members of Leumit Health Services, a prominent Israeli health fund, during the 2020-2021 study period. The patients were divided into three groups according to the characteristics of their visits in 2020 and 2021. A comparison of the average AADT in each period considering the changes in the visit types was made.Results:Telemedicine use was higher in older persons, females, those of higher socioeconomic status, and patients with comorbidities. The greater the number of telemedicine visits, the greater the time the PCP spent on visits during the year. The largest increase in AADT (56.1%) was observed in patients who had only face-to-face meetings in 2020 but in 2021 made all types of visits. Overall, there was an increase of 2.5% in time invested in 2021 and a 5.8% increase in the number of patients making digital visits.Conclusions:Policymakers encouraging telemedicine should consider the additional load on PCPs associated with telemedicine use and plan resources accordingly.
VeLeSpa: An inflected verbal lexicon of Peninsular Spanish and a quantitative analysis of paradigmatic predictability
Authors: Herce Borja 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This paper presents VeLeSpa, a verbal lexicon of Peninsular Spanish, which contains the full paradigms (all 63 cells) in phonological form of 6553 verbs, along with their corresponding frequencies. In this paper, the process and decisions involved in the building of the resource are presented. In addition, based on the most frequent 3000 + verbs, a quantitative analysis is conducted of morphological predictability in Spanish verbal inflection. The results and their drivers are discussed, as well as observed differences with other Romance languages and Latin.