bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience With the Routine Use of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Crockett Cathryn , Price James , Pham Mai , Abdulwahid Danya , Bayman Neil , Blackhall Fiona , Bostock Layla , Califano Raffaele , Chan Clara , Coote Joanna , Cove-Smith Laura , Eaton Marie , Fenemore Jacqueline , Gomes Fabio , Harris Margaret , Halkyard Emma , Hughes Sarah , Lindsay Colin , Neal Hilary , McEntee Delyth , Pemberton Laura , Sheikh Hamid , Summers Yvonne , Taylor Paul , Woolf David , Yorke Janelle , Faivre-Finn Corinne 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE The Christie NHS Foundation Trust launched their electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) service in January 2019 in the routine clinical setting. The lung cancer questionnaires consist of 14 symptom items, adapted from the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0) and the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L quality-of-life (QoL) tool. Patients with lung cancer are invited to complete questionnaires assessing their symptoms and QoL using an online platform. METHODS The ePROM responses and clinical, pathologic, and treatment data for patients who completed the questionnaires between January 2019 and December 2020 were extracted from electronic medical records. The symptom and QoL scores of patients who completed baseline pretreatment ePROMs and also those who completed ePROMs pre- and postpalliative lung systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) or radical thoracic radiotherapy were evaluated. Pretreatment questionnaires were analyzed according to age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), and Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27) comorbidity score. RESULTS One thousand four hundred eighty patients with lung cancer were included. There were no statistically significant differences in symptoms and QoL scores between age groups. Cough ( P = .006) and EQ-5D-5L mobility scores ( P = .006) were significantly worse for patients with an ECOG PS of 0-1. Dyspnea ( P = .035), hemoptysis ( P = .023), nausea ( P = .041), mobility ( P = .004), and self-care ( P = .0420) were significantly worse for those with higher ACE-27 scores (2-3 v 0-1). Palliative SACT was associated with a significant improvement in cough ( P < .001) and hemoptysis ( P = .025), but significantly negatively affected mobility ( P = .013). Patients receiving radical thoracic radiotherapy reported a significant improvement in hemoptysis ( P = .042) but worse pain ( P = .002) and fatigue ( P = .01). Other changes in symptom and QoL scores were not significant. CONCLUSION The symptoms and QoL reported at baseline and before and after both palliative SACT and radical thoracic radiotherapy are clinically relevant and meaningful. We have demonstrated that routine implementation of ePROMs into clinical practice is feasible and can inform clinical practice and future research.
Complexity of options related to restarting oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in national immunization programs after OPV cessation
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A , Wassilak Steven GF , Wiesen Eric , F Estivariz Concepcion , Burns Cara C , Badizadegan Kamran , Thompson Kimberly M 
Published: April 2023

Background: The polio eradication endgame continues to increase in complexity. With polio cases caused by wild poliovirus type 1 and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses of all three types (1, 2 and 3) reported in 2022, the number, formulation, and use of poliovirus vaccines poses challenges for national immunization programs and vaccine suppliers. Prior poliovirus transmission modeling of globally-coordinated type-specific cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) assumed creation of Sabin monovalent OPV (mOPV) stockpiles for emergencies and explored the potential need to restart OPV if the world reached a specified cumulative threshold number of cases after OPV cessation. Methods: We document the actual experience of type 2 OPV (OPV2) cessation and reconsider prior modeling assumptions related to OPV restart. We develop updated decision trees of national immunization options for poliovirus vaccines considering different possibilities for OPV restart. Results: While OPV restart represented a hypothetical situation for risk management and contingency planning to support the 2013-2018 Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Strategic Plan, the actual epidemiological experience since OPV2 cessation raises questions about what, if any, trigger(s) could lead to restarting the use of OPV2 in routine immunization and/or plans for potential future restart of type 1 and 3 OPV after their respective cessation. The emergency use listing of a genetically stabilized novel type 2 OPV (nOPV2) and continued evaluation of nOPV for types 1 and/or 3 add further complexity by increasing the combinations of possible OPV formulations for OPV restart. Conclusions: Expanding on a 2019 discussion of the logistical challenges and implications of restarting OPV, we find a complex structure of the many options and many issues related to OPV restart decisions and policies as of early 2023. We anticipate many challenges for forecasting prospective vaccine supply needs during the polio endgame due to increasing potential combinations of poliovirus vaccine choices.
Investigation on parasites of Octopus cyanea in Tanzania
Authors: MSONGOLE PENDO LASKA , KIMBITA ELIKIRA N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Msongole PL, Kimbita EN. 2020. Investigation on parasites of Octopus cyanea in Tanzania. Ocean Life 4: 24-36. This study aimed to investigate parasites in Octopus cyanea (Gray, 1849) or Day octopus along the Indian Ocean of the Tanga region in Tanzania. Information from fishermen was required to determine their awareness of octopuses' parasitic infections. Twenty-five percent (25.3%) agreed on the presence of parasites in octopus skin and muscles, but these were not observed during laboratory investigation. Gamogony and sporogony of Aggregata sp. (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae) were observed during histopathological examination of the digestive tracts of octopuses collected along the Tanga coastal area. The O. cyanea was infected with the coccidian parasite, Aggregata spp., with a prevalence of 41.1% (23 of 56 hosts examined). Oocysts were sub-spherical in the mucosa wall of the intestine and caecum, measuring 263-279 ?m. Sporocysts were smooth?surfaced, dark?staining, spherical, typically 10-15 ?m wide, and contained 9-22 banana-shaped sporozoites with a size of 2-6 ?m long and 0.2-0.3 ?m wide. The coccidian infection in octopuses is accompanied replacement of the infected cells with sporocysts. Parasite infection of Aggregata spp. was not significantly correlated with the weight of the octopus, study site, or sex of the host. Molecular analysis was used to confirm the parasite species, in which 68% of samples were positive. Molecular characterization revealed that the coccidian was the Aggregata octopiana (Schneider, 1875) Frenzel, 1885. Alignments revealed that the coccidian from O. cyanea resembled 89% with A. octopiana isolated from common Octopus in Spain. Despite the presence of A. octopiana in O. cyanea, the parasite does not cause effects on consumers unless the octopus is infected with another epizootiology agent.
Carbon stock of above ground mangroves in the Lower Volta Area, Ghana
Authors: HENRY MYERS JOHN , GORDON CHRISTOPHER , PABI OPOKU 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Henry MJ, Gordon C, Pabi O. 2021. Carbon stock of above ground mangroves in the Lower Volta Area, Ghana. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 5: 61-73. The mangroves and other blue carbon systems are under high pressure because of coastal development and population. The degradation of mangrove continuity leads to the loss of the carbon stocks which is stored in the mangrove ecosystem. This study used GIS-based analysis using allometric equations and Landsat images to estimate the mangrove above-ground carbon stock in the Lower Volta area in Ghana. The classified Landsat images were used to obtain the mangrove area coverage. The ASTER GDEM covering the mangrove was calibrated to obtain the above-biomass, mangrove heights, and above ground carbon stock estimated using a global allometric equation. This study identified the socio-economic factors influencing mangrove exploitation and assessed local residents' willingness to use an alternative energy source, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The carbon stock in 2014 for the study area was estimated at 269,379.5 Mg, and the carbon stock was estimated at 50.102 Mg per hectare. The changes in carbon stock on a time series analysis revealed that the study area lost its carbon stock between 1991 and 2014 at 161,428.65 Mg. The results indicated that significant factors influencing mangroves' exploitation were the commercial supply of fuel wood, increased income, and supply of fuel wood for domestic use. The local residents were less likely to use LPG as an alternative due to price and safety considerations and preferred mangroves as an energy source. All major stakeholders were recommended to contribute towards effectively managing and protecting the mangrove resource.
Diffuse photon remission associated with the center-illuminated–area-detection geometry. II. Approach to the time-domain model
Authors: Sun Tengfei , Piao Daqing 
Published: April 2023

This part proposes a model of time-dependent diffuse photon remission for the center-illuminated–area-detection (CIAD) geometry, by virtue of area integration of the radially resolved time-dependent diffuse photon remission formulated with the master–slave dual-source scheme demonstrated in Part I for steady-state measurements. The time-domain model is assessed against Monte Carlo (MC) simulations limiting to only the Heyney–Greenstein scattering phase function for CIAD of physical scales and medium properties relevant to single-fiber reflectance (SfR) and over a 2 ns duration, in compliance with the timespan of the only experimental report of SfR demonstrated with a 50 µm gradient index fiber. The time-domain model-MC assessments are carried out for an absorption coefficient ranging three orders of magnitude over [0.001,0.01,0.1,1]mm−1 at a fixed scattering, and a reduced scattering coefficient ranging three orders of magnitude over [0.01,0.1,1,10]mm−1 at a fixed absorption, among others. Photons of shorter and longer propagation times, relative to the diameter of the area of collection, respond differently to the scattering and absorption changes. Limited comparisons of MC between CIAD and a top-hat geometry as the idealization of SfR reveal that the time-domain photon remissions of the two geometries differ appreciably in only the early arriving photons.
Metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics: the state of the problem and management options
Authors: Balashova A. V. , Mamleeva D. V. , Machekhina L. V. , Dudinskaya E. N. 
Published: April 2023

Antipsychotic drugs are widely used for many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, delusions and hallucinations due to neurological disorders, depression with severe psychotic symptoms. Metabolic disorders including weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are one of the most common side effects of antipsychotic therapy. Psychiatric patients have higher risk of cardiovascular disease, so that the development of metabolic side effects is an important clinical problem that should be solved. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain may cause distress that leads to antipsychotics withdraw and repeated hospitalizations.Lifestyle changes, correction of the antipsychotic treatment, additional medications and their combination are the possible solutions of antipsychotic metabolic side effects. Lifestyle modification is a first-line therapy that should complement other options, when it feasible. At the same time, it can be extremely difficult for patients receiving antipsychotic to adhere dietary and physical activity recommendations. Replacing an antipsychotic with a milder drug is not always possible and may not be enough effective. Metformin seems to be the most well-studied, safe and effective agent that is prescribed to deal with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and associated metabolic disorders. Glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists and thiazolidinediones are mentioned as alternative medications, but clinical data on their efficacy and safety in this patient group are extremely limited. Dyslipidemia can develop as an independent antipsychotic side effect even without an increase in body weight. The most effective treatment, as in the general population, is statin therapy. However, the joint appointment of statins and antipsychotic significantly increases the risk of adverse reactions, such as myalgia, myopathy, increased creatine kinase levels, due to the competition of drugs for the cytochrome system.It is still unknown what scales should be used for cardiovascular risk stratification in patients taking antipsychotic and whether it is possible to use metformin to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and if so, how to select patients for whom such therapy can be indicated. Finally, more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of other classes of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs in patients on antipsychotics.
Incidentally Discovered Right Atrial Mass: A Rare and Unexpected Etiology
Authors: Sykora Daniel , Chaliki Hari P. , Cummings Kristopher W. , Sell-Dottin Kristen , Stanton Melissa L. , Scott Luis R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Primary cardiac sarcoma is a rare type of intracardiac mass. This report describes a patient with atrial flutter who had a new right atrial mass incidentally discovered on transesophageal echocardiography. A thrombus was suspected based on radiographic appearance, but there was minimal change with anticoagulation. The mass was resected and found to be an undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma, an uncommon sub-type within the already rare category of primary cardiac neoplasms. This report highlights the importance of considering primary malignancy and thoroughly correlating radiographic and clinical evidence during the diagnostic workup of patients with intracardiac masses.
Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Xu Xu , Zhang Li , Liu Jiamin , Kong Xiangxin , Yin Yu , Jia Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaoqin , Peng Bin , Ji Min , Pan Wanlong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study examined exosomal hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels in chronic HBV infection (CHB). Patients were grouped according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver classification (1: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT]; 2: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 3: HBV-DNA-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, normal ALT; 4: HBV-DNA-positive HBeAg-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 5: HBV-DNA-negative, HBcAb-positive; 6: HBV-negative, normal ALT). Exosomes were isolated, comparative analysis of exosomes and serum HBV-DNA. The HBV-DNA content was lower in exosomes than in serum for groups 1, 2, and 4 (all P < 0.05). In the groups negative for serum HBV-DNA (groups 3 and 5), the exosomal HBV-DNA levels were higher than the serum HBV-DNA levels (all P < 0.05). The exosomal and serum HBV-DNA levels were correlated in groups 2 (R
2 = 0.84) and 4 (R
2 = 0.98). The exosomal HBV-DNA levels were correlated with total bilirubin (R
2 = 0.94), direct bilirubin (R
2 = 0.82), and indirect bilirubin (R
2 = 0.81) in group 5 (all P < 0.05). In patients with CHB and negative for serum HBV-DNA, exosomal HBV-DNA was detectable and could be used to monitor the treatment effects. Exosomal HBV-DNA could be used in patients with a high suspicion of HBV infection but negative for serum HBV-DNA.
Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Bingyue , Jia Lan , Yu Haibo , Wang Zhe , Wei Fang , Jiang Aili 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of shear stress on endothelial cell dysfunction for providing a theoretical basis for the reduction of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. The in vitro parallel plate flow chamber was used to form different forces and shear stress to mimic the hemodynamic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the expression and distribution of krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), caveolin-1 (Cav-1), p-extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With the prolongation of the shear stress action time, the expression of KLF2 and eNOS increased gradually, while the expression of Cav-1 and p-ERK decreased gradually. In addition, after cells were exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and low shear stress, the expression of KLF2, Cav-1, and eNOS decreased and the expression of p-ERK increased. The expression of KLF2 increased gradually with the prolongation of action time, but it was still obviously lower than that of high shear stress. Following the block of Cav-1 expression by methyl β-cyclodextrin, eNOS expression decreased, and KLF2 and p-ERK expression increased. OSS may lead to endothelial cell dysfunction by Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea during pregnancy-case report and review of literature
Authors: Mackert Alma , Derin Xezal , Agha-Mir-Salim Parwis , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Rhinoliquorrhea is a condition where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks due to a liquor fistula formation of traumatic or non-traumatic origin. It can be associated with increased intracranial pressure often due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), typically found in young and obese female patients.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old woman, 2 gravida, 1 para, presented with clear rhinorrhoea. After a beta-trace-protein test the diagnosis of CSF leakage was determined. The woman had had a traumatic car accident in 2018 but had never developed clear rhinorrhoea, especially not in her first pregnancy after the accident. Due to stable condition of the mother further diagnostics were postponed until after the birth. An elective caesarean section was performed in 40 + 0 weeks of gestations. The structural bone defect in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was surgically repaired by defect coverage postpartum.

Conclusions
Nasal CSF leakage in pregnancy has previously been described in four other case reports with mostly traumatic etiology. Additionally, IIH is an important diagnosis to keep in mind. So far there are no guidelines or evidence-based recommendations regarding to optimal fistula treatment of pregnant women available. For therapy a prophylactic antibiotic therapy, surgical reconstruction with sealing and a wait-and-see strategy should be considered and discussed.
Accurate computation of geoid-quasigeoid separation in mountainous region – A case study in Colorado with full extension to the experimental geoid region
Authors: Wang Yan Ming , Veronneau Marc , Huang Jianliang , Ahlgren Kevin , Krcmaric Jordan , Li Xiaopeng , Avalos-Naranjo David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The geoid-quasigeoid separation (GQS) traditionally uses the Bouguer anomalies to approximate the difference between the mean gravity and normal gravity along the plumb line. This approximation is adequate in flat and low elevation areas, but not in high and rugged mountains. To increase the accuracy, higher order terms of the corrections (potential and gravity gradient) to the approximation were computed in Colorado where the 1 cm geoid computation experiment was conducted. Over an area of 730 km by 560 km where the elevation ranges between 932 and 4,385 m, the potential correction (Pot. Corr.) reaches −0.190 m and its root mean square (RMS) is 0.019 m. The gravity gradient correction is small but has high variation: the RMS of the correction is merely 0.003 m but varies from −0.025 to 0.020 m. In addition, the difference between the Bouguer gravity anomaly and gravity disturbance causes about a 0.01 m bias and a maximum correction of 0.02 m. The total corrections range from −0.135 to 0.180 m, with an RMS value of 0.019 m for the region. The magnitude of the corrections is large enough and is not negligible considering today’s cm-geoid requirement. After the test in Colorado, the complete GQS term is computed in 1′ × 1′ grids for the experimental geoid 2020 (xGEOID20), which covers a region bordered by latitude 0–85° north, longitude 180–350° east. Over the land areas, the RMS of the GQS is 0.119 m and the maximum reaches 1.3 m. The RMS of the GQS increases with respect to the height until 4,000 m, then decreases unexpectedly. At the highest peaks (5,500–6,000 m) of Denali and Mount Logan, the RMS of the GQS ranges between 0.08 and 0.189 m. The small GQS at these high peaks are caused by steep slopes around the peaks that produce large Pot. Corr. caused by the topography. In addition, the higher order correction terms reach half of a meter in those peaks.
The reception and critique of literature in translation: Ahmad Shāmlū, the Poet-Translator and the case of Margot Bickel
Authors: Shahbazimoghadam Nahid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ahmad Shāmlū (1925–2000), modern Persian poet, is among those creative writers who showcase their mastery of language in translation as well. Among his translated works, which encompass both verse and prose, his translation of Margot Bickel’s Pflücke den Tag (1982) and Geh deinen Weg! (1989) is specifically noteworthy for tremendous success and high reception in the TL context, which is arguably beyond that of the original from a literary and critical perspective. As the analysis of sample poems from the two collections reveals, Shāmlū’s skilful rendition has actually produced poetry in the TL. Away from marginalizing the pivotal role of translation in cross-cultural literary exchanges, this study reflects on the critique of literature in translation and literary reception as prone to downplaying or magnifying the significance of SL text in TL critical and receptive evaluations. The paper initiates with an overview of the status of literary translation and its interface with comparative literature, and then briefly reviews two world-famous works of poetry translation and their reception in host cultures to set them as the background for the argument to be made about Shāmlū’s translation of Bickel’s works.
„Aelter als die Sprache ist das Nachmachen von Gebärden“. Der Leib als Entstehungsort der Sprache
Authors: Silenzi Marina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

“Older than Language Is the Mimicking of Gestures”: The Body as the Origin of Language. Nietzsche’s early philosophical ideas about language and its origin occupy a central place in scholarly discussions of his work. In order to examine Nietzsche’s interpretation of the constitution of human language, this article focuses not only on his early writings, but also on the first volume of Human, All Too Human as well as on his later period, in particular his work in 1887 and 1888. The central claim of this article is that Nietzsche begins to view the body, with its gestures and movements, as the site of origin for instinctive unconscious language and the subsequent emergence of conceptual language. Already in 1872, and with the influence of contemporary scientific ideas, he begins to conceive the movement and gesture of the human body as the foundation for the origin of language. Strengthened in Human, All Too Human, this idea appears again in his later writings in 1887, when Nietzsche connects it to Charles Féré’s theories of “psychomotor induction” and “mental suggestion.” Finally, it is the Dionysian artist of 1888 who enjoys par excellence the capacity for suggestion, affect and immediate representation, and who thus becomes the master of communication.