bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of methodology for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds
Authors: Arivalagan M , Priyanka D R , Rekha A 
Published: August 2023

Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seed is one of the rich sources of polyphenolic compounds​ ​with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. A study was conducted to​ ​optimize the methodology for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds (total phenolic​ ​and flavonoid contents) with antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity​ ​from Jamun seed powder. The study showed that the nature of solvent and extraction​ ​conditions had a significant effect on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content​ ​(TFC), antioxidant potential, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The TPC varied between​ ​6.0 (mg/g Jamun seed powder) for the acetone extract to 119.2 (mg/g) for 80% aqueous​ ​acetone extract and TFC varied between 1.06 mg/g for the acetone to 10.81 mg/g for the​ ​80% aqueous methanol. From the study, it was apparent that an aqueous form of acetone​ ​(acetone: water 80:20, v/v) is a better solvent system for extraction of polyphenolic​ ​compounds with high antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.​ ​Ultrasonication for 60 min increased the efficiency of phenolic extraction.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Polythene Mulch on the Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Panigrahi Hemant Kumar , Agrawal Narendra , Agrawal R , Dubey Saket , Tiwari S P 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Precision Farming Development Centre, Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the year 2009- 2010 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatment combinations ( 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water through drip irrigation system with and without polythene mulch + Basin irrigation with and without mulch). Fruits characters, yield and yield attributing parameter were higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch (T8) and the same characters were lowest under control (Basin irrigation with V- volume of water). Application of black plastic mulch with drip irrigation system can conserve moisture, check the growth of weeds and improve the fruit yield and quality. Water use efficiency was higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch and low under basin irrigation with V volume of water. The net income and benefit cost ratio was also higher under the treatment T8 as compared to surface method of irrigation.
Interspecific Hybrid Developed in Epidendrum Orchid from the Cross E. radicans Pav. Ex. Lindl. X E. xanthinum Lindl.
Authors: Devadas R , Medhi R P , Das S P 
Published: August 2023

An interspecific Epidendrum hybrid was developed using E. radicans (known as 'fire star orchid', 'ground-rooted orchid') as female parent and E. xanthinum known as 'yellow orchid' as male parent. The selected line (NRCO Epidendrum cross/2005-01) was characterized for morphological and floral traits. Flower size (3.5 cm x 3.4 cm) of selected line was bigger than both parents, with bright saffron-orange colour (RHS 44A). Dorsal sepal size (1.8 cm x 0.6 cm), lateral sepal size (1.9 cm x 0.7 cm), petal size (1.8 cm x 0.6 cm), lip size (2.3 cm x 2 cm) and column size (1.1 cm x 0.2 cm) were bigger than in parents. Shape and fimbriated side lobes of lip with deep cleft of anterior margins was similar to the male parent (E. xanthinum), except colour. The F1progeny of 'NRCO-Epidendrum cross/2005-01' flowered with different red-orange to yellow shades is categorized broadly into three types: Red-orange, Orangeyellow and Yellow. Epidendrums are popularly known as 'Crucifix orchid' and 'Poor man's orchid', have a long flowering period with 2-3 flowerings in a year, and are easy to multiply. These attributes are ideal for popularizing this plant in India as a potted plant as well garden plant.
in Silico Microsatellite Development in Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Authors: Radhika V , Aswath C , Reddy D C Lakshman , . Shweta , Bhardwaj A 
Published: August 2023

Microsatellites are an important class of molecular markers having wide application in genetic research. Development of microsatellites using conventional methods is laborious and expensive. Alternatively, in silicoapproach can be followed to detect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) available in public biological databases. The in silico developed EST-SSRs have been found to be transferrable across species and genera. A study was undertaken to mine simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica, belongs to the family Araceae. A total of 4283 ESTs of Zantedeschia aethiopica, downloaded from dbEST of NCBI, were pre-processed and subjected to clustering and assembly. In all, 1968 clusters (800 contigs and 1168 singletons) were obtained, resulting in 54 % reduction in ESTs. In addition, 1936 SSRs were obtained, which included 617 mono, 101 di-, 201 tri-, 80 tetra-, 23 penta- and 898 hexa-nucleotide repeats. The plant has an abundance of 0.70 SSRs/ kb. We designed 1091 primers for these SSRs. A few in silico designed SSR primers were tested for polymorphism in Anthurium, belonging to the Araceae family, resulting in 40% amplification success.
Stability Analysis for Earliness and Corm Characters in Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)
Authors: Kirtimala Naik , Nataraj S K , Kulkarni B S , Reddy B S 
Published: August 2023

A field study was conducted in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) in the floriculture field of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, KRCCH (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad) during 2005-2006. Fourteen promising cultivars were planted under three environments, viz, shade-house, polyhouse and the open condition, and tested for various characters related to earliness. Genotypes x Environment interactions were significant for days to spike emergence and days from first floret to last floret opening. For days to corm sprouting, genotypes Sylvia (4.24), American Beauty (7.87), Candiman (9.6), White Prosperity and Priscilla (12.09) showed low mean values, i.e., early sprouting. For days taken from first to last floret opening, genotypes Eighth Wonder (15.87), Melody (14.51), Friendship (14.49), Pricilla (14.29), Pacifica (13.80), White Prosperity (13.80) and Vedanapoli (13.56) were stable, with high mean values. On the basis of mean performance, the genotype Vedanapoli was stable for number of daughter corms per plant (2.22). Genotypes Pacifica (6.13cm) and Eighth Wonder (6.09cm) were stable for corm diameter, with high mean values. Though 'Vedanapoli' showed unpredictable performance for average weight of corm, ten cormel weight and number of cormels per plant, it gave the highest corm yield per plant and showed predictable performance for corm diameter, exhibiting a great promise for hybridization with consistent corm yield outcome.
Effect of Pre-harvest Application of Calcium Chloride and Gibberellic Acid on Shelf-Life and Post-Harvest Quality of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cv. Harcot
Authors: Lal S , Kumar D , Singh D B , Ahmed N , Kumar R , Dar G A 
Published: August 2023

Pre-harvest application of calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) and gibberellic acid(10, 20 and 30 ppm) at 80% blooming, fruit-set and at 15 days before harvest were carried out on 5-year old trees of apricot cv. Harcot. All the treatments significantly reduced physiological loss in fruit weight, fruit diameter and spoilage percentage during storage. However, CaCl2 @ 1.5% was found to be most effective in minimizing weight loss in fruits during storage compared to Control. Fruits quality (TSS, titrable acidity, TSS/TA, ascorbic acid, total sugar, etc.) was also found to be better (even at 8 days of storage at ambient condition with this treatment) compared to Control. Hence, it can be concluded that pre-harvest foliar application in apricot cv. Harcot with CaCl2 @ 1.5% at three stages, i.e., 80% blooming, at fruit-set and 15 days before harvest, enhances shelf-life of the fruit from 3-5 days storage to 8 days storage, and can maintain good fruit quality under ambient storage-condition for up to 8 days.
Diversity of Bee Pollinators and Flora in Cashew
Authors: Sundararaju D 
Published: August 2023

Seven species of bee that maintained constancy on cashew flowers were identified from coastal Karnataka [(Pseudapis oxybeloides (Smith), Lasioglossum sp. and Halictus sp., Halictidae; Braunsapis sp., Ceratina smaragdula (F.) and Ceratina sp., Apidae)] and four species from coastal Tamil Nadu [(Ceratina (Pithitis) binghami Cockerell, C. smaragdula, Braunsapis sp. and P. oxybeloides)]. Time spent by bees for visiting the flowers ranged from 0.8 to 25.1 seconds per flower. Diversity of flora recorded during 2003-08 as floral resources for nectar for all the above bee species during lean and flowering periods of cashew - both at coastal Karnataka and Tamil Nadu - is presented in this paper.
Nursery Output Maximization in Mango under Low-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Shashi Kumar , Banyal Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Studies to standardize nursery production techniques in mango for output maximization were conducted during 2004-2009. Three separate experiments were laid out to work out optimum spacing, fertilizer level and time of transplant of mango seedlings. Best result in terms of nursery output per unit area was observed in seedlings transplanted at a spacing of 30cm x 20cm during mid-August to mid-September. It was also observed that a higher proportion of early-transplanted seedlings became graftable by March. Thus there exists a wide scope for raising greater number of mango grafts in a year, as, these grafts attain saleable size by July-August, if suitable irrigation and nutrition is provided. Seedling survival improved with different levels of manure and fertilizer application. Overall saleable plant material generated was highest with application of 10kg FYM + 25g N + 16g P2O5 + 60g K2O per m2 bedarea.
Studies on Training Systems and NAA Application on Bell Pepper Production in Polyhouse
Authors: Shukla Y R , Sharma Deepa , Tegta Upasna 
Published: August 2023

Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important off-season vegetable crops grown in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Production and productivity of this crop is low because of high flower and fruit drop. The present investigation was carried out to find out the best training system and an appropriate concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Two-stem training system was the best for most traits except, number of flowers per plant and days to first picking which were best under control, i.e., on plants not trained at all. Two sprays of NAA @ 15 ppm proved best for plant height, total number of flowers per plant, per cent flower drop, per cent fruit set, days to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and total yield per plant.
Productivity in Chilli (cv. LCA 334) as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Management in Vertisols
Authors: Bharathi S , Kumari S Surya , Jyothi K Uma 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during the kharif season of 2003-04 and 2004-05 in vertisols with an objective to assess effectiveness of organic nutrient package for yield sustainability and to assess inorganic nutrient management package vis-a-vis organic package for yield and quality in chilli cv. LCA 334. Farmers of this region generally use very high doses of inorganic fertilizers with improper nutrient balance which has led to deterioration of productivity and quality of both the produce soil. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with ten treatments, in combinations of organic and inorganic sources. The organic sources used were: green manure (incorporation of pillipesara), neem cake, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, VAM and burnt ash, and integrated with 50%, 75% and 100% recommended nitrogen in the form of chemical fertilizer. Results revealed that maximum dry chilli yield ( 5397kg ha-1) was recorded in combined application of green manure, neem cake, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, burnt ash along with 100% recommended nitrogen.
Effect of Pre-Storage GA3 Pulsing on Keeping Quality of Gladiolus Spikes
Authors: Singh Kushal , Singh Ranjit , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: August 2023

Pre-storage pulsing of gladiolus spikes with a solution containing 20% sucrose and 400 mg/l aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3.16H2O] significantly improved vase life, floret size and per cent opening of florets. The effect was significantly enhanced with addition of GA3 @ 100 mg/l. Spikes pulse-treated with GA3 could be stored for 14 days with an acceptable vase life of 5.44 days. These spikes also exhibited 49.65 per cent opening of florets even at 21 days from onset of storage. On the other hand, spikes pulse-treated with a solution containing 20% sucrose and aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3.16H2O] @ 400 mg/l or water (Control) showed no opening of florets after 21 days of storage.
First Report of Meloidogyne javanica on Ginger and Meloidogyne incognita on Coriander in Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Authors: Singh V K , Gupta R K 
Published: August 2023

Heavy infestation of root-knot nematode was observed on ginger and coriander grown in Gharana village and SKUAST-J Chattha farm of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir state. Identification of the species revealed that this is the first observed occurrence of Meloidogyne javanica on ginger and M. incognita on coriander from Jammu and Kashmir.
Management of Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, on Rose under Open-Field and Protected Conditions
Authors: Hegde Jayalaxmi Narayan , Chakravarthy A K , Nagamani M K , Prabhakar M S 
Published: August 2023

Investigation on management of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on roses under open-field and protected conditions was conducted during 2008-10 at Bengaluru. Clothianidin 50 WDG 20g a.i./ha proved best in terms of efficacy and cost. Vertimac, spinosad and Garlic Barrier agriculture (GB Ag ) were comparable in efficacy. GB Ag was on par with clothianidin besides being eco-friendly. GB Ag was found effective as a new molecule. Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) proved to be superior to neem oil, pongamia oil and the commercial neem product, Nimbecidine. NSKE was also found to reduce thrips density to the extent of 64% - 88%. In rose fields where pest suppression measures are hardly practised, farmers can apply NSKE, monocrotophos or imidacloprid. Based on the cost of vertimac and spinosad, these can be recommended where cost-effective, as in commercial polyhouses growing roses.
Influence of Growth Regulators and Explant on Plant Regeneration in Tomato
Authors: Batra Atul , Banerji B K 
Published: August 2023

Influence of different growth regulators was studied on in vitro growth and regeneration of tomato (Solanum esculentum) explants derived from hypocotyls and cotyledons of aseptically grown seedlings. On the basis of regeneration frequency, number of shoot primordia and shoots produced per explants, it is concluded that the best regeneration is achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L"1 of indole-3-acetic acid and 1.0 mg L"1 zeatin. In all the genotypes studied, a good percentage of regeneration frequency was observed in hypocotyl explants used.
Effect of Various Plant Extracts on Dry Root Rot of Chillies Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Madhavi G Bindu , Bhattiprolu S L , Reddy V Bali 
Published: August 2023

Eight different plant extracts were evaluated in vitro against Sclerotium rolfsii causing dry root rot in chillies. Among these, leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) caused maximum inhibition of mycelial growth (80.74%), followed by periwinkle Vinca rosea (78.8%) and bottlebrush (Callistemon, 74.8%) respectively. Sclerotial production was inhibited to an extent of 11% and the inhibition caused was maximum with neem extract, followed by Polyalthia longifolia and V. rosea extracts. Though sclerotial germination was inhibited by 30% to 95% in various treatments, the most effective treatment was that of neem leaf extract (95%), followed by ginger extract (92%).
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.): A Case Study from Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Reddy K Gurava , Reddy A Subbarami , Reddy M Chandra Sekhara 
Published: August 2023

An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) project was implemented in the cropping season 2006-07 in six villages of Guntur District. Survey was conducted in the six villages and all 150 chilli farmers participating in Crop Life India (CLI) sponsored IPM project were treated as a sample for the study. In the case of sucking pests, 56% of the farmers expressed that mites were an important pest. Among the fruit borers, a majority (83.33%) felt that Spodoptera litura was a serious problem and; among diseases, 56% opined die-back to be the major problem. More than twothirds of the respondents adopted all components of IPM, with the exception of bioagents where adoption was just 46%. 44% felt leaf spot was a major disease. Over 80% adopted border crops, trap crops, scouting techniques and mechanical-control measures. All the respondents followed 10-15 day pre-harvest interval of pesticide application as a measure for obtaining quality produce and better price. Problems of post-harvest pests and diseases were not observed in the case of well-dried chillies.
Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Leaf and Fruit Nutrient Status in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Sardar
Authors: Sharma Akash , Wali V K , Bakshi Parshant , Jamwal Mahital 
Published: August 2023

Pooled analysis of two-year data on nutrient status of 'Sardar' guava raised under organic manures and biofertilizers indicated that maximum leaf nitrogen (1.73%), phosphorus (0.24%), potassium (1.23%), calcium (1.96%), magnesium (0.80%); and maximum fruit nitrogen (1.12%), phosphorus (0.15%), potassium (0.94%), calcium (0.22%), magnesium (0.66%) was recorded, respectively, after fruit harvest with application of full dose of nitrogen to the plant applied through poultry manure augmented with Azotobacter and Azospirillium.
Transfer of Auxinic Herbicide Resistance from Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) into Radish (Raphanus sativus) through Embryo Rescue
Authors: Mithila J , Hall J Christopher 
Published: August 2023

The discovery of auxinic herbicides (e.g., 2,4-D, Dicamba, Picloram) for selective control of broad-leaf weeds in cereal crops revolutionized modern agriculture. These herbicides are inexpensive and do not generally have prolonged residual activity in soil. Although cultivated species of Brassicaceae (e.g., radish and other vegetables) are susceptible to auxinic herbicides, some biotypes of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis, 2n = 18) were found to be highly resistant to Picloram and Dicamba. Inter-generic hybrids between wild mustard and radish (Raphanus sativus, 2n = 18) were produced by traditional breeding coupled with in vitro embryo rescue/ovule culture. To increase frequency of embryo regeneration and hybrid plant production, several hundred reciprocal crosses were performed between these species. Upon altering cultural conditions and media composition, a high frequency of embryo regeneration and hybrid plant establishment was achieved. A protocol was also optimized for in vitro clonal multiplication of inter-generic hybrids produced by embryo rescue. To evaluate transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from wild mustard into hybrid plants, several screening tests (involving in vitro, molecular-based as well as whole plant-based tests) were performed. Results indicated that hybrids of R. sativus x S. arevensis were resistant to auxinic herbicides suggesting, that, the resistance trait was transferred to these hybrids from the wild mustard. This research for the first time demonstrates the possibility of transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from wild mustard to radish.
Diversity Studies in Ecotypes of Banana (Musa Spp.) Using Molecular Markers and D2 Analysis
Authors: Rajamanickam C , Rajmohan K 
Published: August 2023

The present study was aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity of promising banana ecotypes grown in Kerala. Twenty eight ecotypes of banana were collected from different parts of Kerala. DNA isolated from these was used for RAPD analysis. Six most-promising primers viz., OPA-01, OPA-03, OPA-13, OPB-04, OPB-10 and OPB-12 were used. These yielded 46 scorable bands with an average of 7.66 bands per primer. RAPD data were analyzed statistically and a dendrogram was constructed. Twenty three characters were observed in the twenty eight banana ecotypes and were statistically analyzed as per the method proposed by Mahalanobis (D2). From RAPD dendrogram, it was found that the banana clones clustered into fourteen groups at a distance of 0.200. At a distance of 0.250, 8 out of 12 Nendran (AAB group) ecotypes formed a single cluster at the same distance. Among Palayankodan (AAB group) ecotypes PKNNR, Pisang Ceylon, Motta Poovan, Chandra Bale and Palode Palayankodan grouped together and formed a single cluster. Attu Nendran, Monthan, Robusta, Koonoor Ethan, Ilavazha and Vellapalayankodan formed individual clusters and had maximum genetic divergence. Among diploid clones, Ilavazha (BB group) had maximum genetic divergence. Among triploid clones, Attu Nendran, Robusta, Koonoor Ethan and Vellapalayankodan showed maximum genetic divergence. Among Nendran (AAB group) ecotypes, Attu Nendran and Koonoor Ethan revealed maximum genetic divergence. Among Palayankodan (AAB group) ecotypes, Vellapalayankodan recorded the highest genetic divergence. In D2 analysis too, a similar trend was observed.
Management of Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) Infesting Gherkin:An Areawide Control Programme Adopted in Peninsular India
Authors: Praveen H M , Nandeesh M , Chandra Mouli M R , Rao G V G , Vijaysegaran S 
Published: August 2023

An area-wide control (AWC) programme was undertaken for management of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillet), in 3 km2 area in Kashapura village of Gauribidanur taluk, Chickaballapura District, Karnataka State in peninsular India from 52nd week of 2007 to 30th week of 2010. Implementation of the AWC programme included field sanitation, male annihilation technique (MAT) through para-pheromone, Cue lure, and bait application technique (BAT). This AWC programme resulted in steady decline of melon fly population in the grid area, and corresponding reduction in per cent fruit fly infested gherkin fruits. In the AWC (grid) area, flies trapped per day (FTD) led to attaining suppression (1 to 0.1 FTD) and eradication levels (<0.1 FTD), which is acceptable to the Indian gherkin processing industry. Whereas, in the non-grid area, fruit fly populations perpetuated at infestation level (>1 FTD) during majority of weeks under observation.
Effect of Pruning and Chemicals on Flowering and Fruit Yield in Mango Cv. Alphonso
Authors: Reddy Y T N , Kurian Reju M 
Published: August 2023

A field trial was conducted from 2005 to 2009 on pruning and spray of various chemicals to study their effects on flowering and fruit yield in 'Alphonso' mango, at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. Seven treatments were imposed, with pruning of fruited shoots as a common treatment, followed by chemical sprays and a control. Over the five years, flowering parameters (% vegetative, dormant or flowering shoots) were found to be non-significant among different treatments. Treatments increased fruit yield compared to control. The best treatment was T3 (Pruning+1% K2HPO4+1% KNO3 spray) which recorded mean fruit yield of 63.9 kg/plant, compared to a fruit yield of 33.0 k/ plant in control.