bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One quick and simple fixation method: posterior malleolus fractures in spiral tibial fractures
Authors: Qi Hongfei , Li Zhong , Ma Teng , Ren Cheng , Xu Yibo , Huang Qiang , Feng Haoxuan , Zhang Kun , Lu Yao , Li Ming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Spiral fracture of tibia combined with posterior malleolar fracture (PMF) is a special and regular injury. There is no uniform fixation method for PMF in this kind of injury. Intramedullary nail is the first choice for the treatment of tibial spiral fracture. We proposed a minimally invasive percutaneous screw combined with intramedullary nail technology to fix the PMF in the tibial spiral fracture. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and advantages of this technology.

Materials and methods
From January 2017 to February 2020, 116 cases of spiral fracture of tibia combined with PMF who were operated in our hospital were divided into Fixation Group (FG) and No Fixation Group (NG) according to whether PMF was fixed. After minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation of ankle fracture in FG patients, the tibial intramedullary nail was inserted to fix the fracture. Collected the operation and postoperative recovery of the two groups of patients, including the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, AOFAS score, VAS score and dorsiflexion restriction of ankle joint at the last follow-up, and compared whether there is any difference between the two groups of patients.

Results
The fracture of both groups healed.2 patients in NG had secondary displacement of PMF during operation, and the fracture finally healed after fixation. There were statistical differences between the two groups in terms of operation time, AOFAS score and weight bearing time. The operation time of FG was 67.9±11.2 min, and that of NG was 60.8±9.4 min; The weight bearing time of FG was 57.35±34.72 days, and that of NG was 69.17±21.43 days; The AOFAS score of FG was 92.50±3.46, and that of NG was 91.00±4.16. There were no significant difference in blood loss, VAS and dorsiflexion restriction of ankle joint between the two groups. The blood loss of FG was 66.8±12.3 ml, the blood loss of NG was 65.6±11.7 ml, the VAS score of FG was 1.37±0.47, the VAS score of NG was 1.43±0.51, the dorsiflexion restriction of FG was 5.8±4.1; the NG was 6.1±5.7.

Conclusion
For the injury of tibial spiral fracture combined with PMF, our fixation technology can achieve minimally invasive fixation of PMF with percutaneous screws on the basis of intramedullary nail fixation of tibial fracture, promoting early functional exercise of ankle joint and early weight bearing of patients. This fixation technology is also characterized by simple and fast operation.
Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among youth female in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys
Authors: Ferede Tigist Andargie , Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Wagnew Alemakef , Walle Agmasie Damtew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Early sexual initiation is a major public health concern globally, specifically in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries where reproductive health care services are limited. It is strongly related to increased risk of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancy, adverse birth outcomes, and psychosocial problems. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among youth females in SSA.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was employed based on the recent DHSs of sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 184,942 youth females was considered for analysis. Given the hierarchical nature of DHS data, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and Likelihood Ratio (LR) test were used to assess the presence of clustering. Four nested models were fitted and the model with the lowest deviance (-2LLR0 was selected as the best-fitted model. Variables with p-value < 0.2 in the bivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the strength and statistical significance of the association.

Results
The prevalence of early sexual initiation among youth females in sub-Saharan Africa was 46.39% [95%CI: 41.23%, 51.5%] ranging from 16.66% in Rwanda to 71.70% in Liberia. In the final model, having primary level education [AOR = 0.82, 95% CI; 0.79, 0.85], and [AOR = 0.50, 95%CI; 0.48, 0.52], being rural [AOR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.07], having media exposure [AOR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.89, 0.94], and belonged to a community with high media exposure [AOR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.89,0.96] were found significantly associated with early sexual initiation.

Conclusion
The prevalence of early sexual initiation among youth females in SSA was high. Educational status, wealth index, residence, media exposure, and community media exposure have a significant association with early sexual initiation. These findings highlight those policymakers and other stakeholders had better give prior attention to empowering women, enhancing household wealth status, and media exposure to increase early sexual in the region.
Electronic platform-based education for radiology residents: results of a two-year survey
Authors: Quaia Emilio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Electronic platform based-learning for residents is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the most reliable predictor variables related to the usage of electronic platform-based educational material for radiology residents which can predict a successful multiple-choice test during the academic year.

Methods
A two year survey was conducted based on the records of electronic platform-based educational material for radiology residents. Radiology resident education was based on the educational content of two educational electronic platform databases named RADPrimer and STATdx (Elsevier, Amsterdam) consisting in evidence-based and expert-vetted summary information to support learning and diagnosing in radiology. A pool of multiple-choice questions was addressed in RADPrimer by each resident after 6 months from the beginning of each academic year, and at the end of the respective residency year as part of end of the year assessment. A per-resident analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the amount of electronic platform content accessed by residents (measured by total login times, login frequency per month, and the number of per-topic addressed questions) in preparation for the electronic test during the academic year (predictor variables) and per-resident average percentage of correct answers on electronic test (outcome variable). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined using logistic regression and correlation analysis.

Results
Total login times (OR, 3; 95% CI, 2.2 -4), login frequency per month (OR, 4; 95% CI, 3.1–5.3), the number of per-topic addressed questions (OR, 3; 95% CI, 2.2 -4), and the number of topic-verified correct answers to multiple choice test (OR, 30.5; 95% CI, 12.8–80.9) all showed a statistically significant correlation with final percentage of correct answers on final year electronic test.

Conclusion
The number of correct answers to multiple choice test was related to the number and frequency of login access, the number of per-topic addressed questions and the number of topic-verified correct answers to multiple choice test. The electronic-based educational material contributes significantly to a successful radiology residency program.
Menstrual health and hygiene among Juang women: a particularly vulnerable tribal group in Odisha, India
Authors: Mudi Prasanna Kumar , Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Meher Trupti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMenstruation is a normal biological process that all women go through, yet it is shrouded in secrecy, taboos, and even stigma in many societies. Studies have shown that women from socially disadvantaged groups are more likely to have preventable reproductive health issues and have less understanding of hygienic menstrual practices. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an insight into the most sensitive issue of menstruation and menstrual hygiene practices among the women of the Juang tribe, recognized as one of the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTG) in India.MethodsA cross-sectional study using a mixed-method approach was carried out among Juang women in Keonjhar district of Odisha, India. Quantitative data was gathered from 360 currently married women to assess practices associated with menstruation and its management. In addition, 15 focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the views of Juang women on menstrual hygiene practices, cultural beliefs, menstrual problems, and treatment-seeking behaviour. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data, while descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used to analyse quantitative data.ResultsMost Juang women (85%) used old clothes as absorbents during menstruation. Distance from the market (36%), lack of awareness (31%), and high cost (15%) were cited as the contributing factors to the low level of sanitary napkin usage. Around 85% of women were restricted from participating in religious activities, and 94% avoided social gatherings. Seventy-one percent of the Juang women experienced menstrual problems, while only one-third of them sought treatment for their problems.ConclusionHygienic practices during menstruation are far from satisfactory among Juang women in Odisha, India. Menstrual problems are common, and the treatment sought is insufficient. There is a need for awareness generation on menstrual hygiene, the adverse effects of menstrual problems, and the provision of low-cost sanitary napkins among this disadvantaged, vulnerable tribal group.
An in vitro culture platform for studying the effect of collective cell migration on spatial self-organization within induced pluripotent stem cell colonies
Authors: Kim Mee-Hae , Kuroda Masaki , Ke Ding , Thanuthanakhun Naruchit , Kino-oka Masahiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an in vitro system to identify the impact of cell behavior on the earliest stages of cell fate specification during human development. Here, we developed an hiPSC-based model to study the effect of collective cell migration in meso–endodermal lineage segregation and cell fate decisions through the control of space confinement using a detachable ring culture system.

Results
The actomyosin organization of cells at the edge of undifferentiated colonies formed in a ring barrier differed from that of the cells in the center of the colony. In addition, even in the absence of exogenous supplements, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and extraembryonic cells differentiated following the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge by removing the ring-barrier. However, when collective cell migration was inhibited by blocking E-cadherin function, this fate decision within an hiPSC colony was altered to an ectodermal fate. Furthermore, the induction of collective cell migration at the colony edge using an endodermal induction media enhanced endodermal differentiation efficiency in association with cadherin switching, which is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that collective cell migration can be an effective way to drive the segregation of mesoderm and endoderm lineages, and cell fate decisions of hiPSCs.
Clinical values of serum Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) in medication‑related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Mu Hong , Pang Ying , Liu Lili , Liu Jingbo , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used in clinical practice to prevent and treat bone metabolism-related diseases. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the major sequelae of BPs use. Early prediction and intervention of MRONJ are of great significance.

Methods
Ninety-seven patients currently on treatment with BPs or with a history of BPs usage and 45 healthy volunteers undergoing dentoalveolar surgery were included in this study. Participants' serum Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) levels were measured and analyzed before participants underwent surgery (T0) and after a 12-month follow-up (T1). Kruskal–Wallis test and ROC analysis were used to examine the predictive effect of Sema4D on MRONJ.

Results
Sema4D levels in serum of patients corresponding to confirmed MRONJ were significantly lower at both T0 and T1 time points compared to non-MRONJ and healthy controls. Sema4D has a statistically predictive effect on the occurrence and diagnosis of MRONJ. Serum Sema4D levels were significantly reduced in MRONJ class 3 patients. MRONJ patients who received intravenous BPs had significantly lower Sema4D levels than those who received oral BPs.

Conclusion
Serum Sema4D level has predictive value for the onset of MRONJ in BPs users within 12 weeks after dentoalveolar surgery.
Holobiont Urbanism: sampling urban beehives reveals cities’ metagenomes
Authors: Hénaff Elizabeth , Najjar Devora , Perez Miguel , Flores Regina , Woebken Christopher , Mason Christopher E. , Slavin Kevin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas with, according to the United Nations, nearly 70% expected to live in cities by 2050. Our cities are built by and for humans, but are also complex, adaptive biological systems involving a diversity of other living species. The majority of these species are invisible and constitute the city’s microbiome. Our design decisions for the built environment shape these invisible populations, and as inhabitants we interact with them on a constant basis. A growing body of evidence shows us that human health and well-being are dependent on these interactions. Indeed, multicellular organisms owe meaningful aspects of their development and phenotype to interactions with the microorganisms—bacteria or fungi—with which they live in continual exchange and symbiosis. Therefore, it is meaningful to establish microbial maps of the cities we inhabit. While the processing and sequencing of environmental microbiome samples can be high-throughput, gathering samples is still labor and time intensive, and can require mobilizing large numbers of volunteers to get a snapshot of the microbial landscape of a city.

Results
Here we postulate that honeybees may be effective collaborators in gathering samples of urban microbiota, as they forage daily within a 2-mile radius of their hive. We describe the results of a pilot study conducted with three rooftop beehives in Brooklyn, NY, where we evaluated the potential of various hive materials (honey, debris, hive swabs, bee bodies) to reveal information as to the surrounding metagenomic landscape, and where we conclude that the bee debris are the richest substrate. Based on these results, we profiled 4 additional cities through collected hive debris: Sydney, Melbourne, Venice and Tokyo. We show that each city displays a unique metagenomic profile as seen by honeybees. These profiles yield information relevant to hive health such as known bee symbionts and pathogens. Additionally, we show that this method can be used for human pathogen surveillance, with a proof-of-concept example in which we recover the majority of virulence factor genes for Rickettsia felis, a pathogen known to be responsible for “cat scratch fever”.

Conclusions
We show that this method yields information relevant to hive health and human health, providing a strategy to monitor environmental microbiomes on a city scale. Here we present the results of this study, and discuss them in terms of architectural implications, as well as the potential of this method for epidemic surveillance.
Two-fold anisotropic superconducting state in topological superconductor Sn4Au
Authors: Sharma M. M. , Gurjar Ganesh , Patnaik S. , Awana V. P. S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Here we report the anisotropic magnetotransport properties in the superconducting state of a Sn4Au single crystal. The Sn4Au single crystal is synthesized through an easy melt growth method. Superconducting properties are evidenced from resistivity vs. temperature (ρ-T) and DC magnetization measurements. Isothermal magnetization measurements (M-H) hint toward type-II superconductivity in Sn4Au. In-plane and out-of-plane ρ-H measurements show anisotropic behavior of the upper critical field at temperatures below superconducting transition (T
c = 2.3 K). The observed anisotropy is more elucidated in ρ-H measurements performed below

at different tilt angles. The anisotropy parameter

is found to be 1.26. The observed results show the presence of a two-fold anisotropic superconducting state in the Sn4Au single crystal, which may be induced due to the layered structure of the synthesized Sn4Au single crystal.
Birotor hydrodynamic microswimmers: From single to collective behaviour(a)
Authors: Mecke Joscha , Ripoll Marisol 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A microswimmer composed of two oppositely rotating strongly coupled colloids in solution is here termed as birotor and investigated by means of hydrodynamic simulations. The related flow fields, swimmer velocities, and rotational diffusion are controlled by the properties of the fluid, the swimmer geometry, rotation frequency, and also by the substrate friction. Resulting from mutual hydrodynamic and steric interactions, birotor pairs might follow one another, or more frequently rotate around each other. For larger number of interacting swimmers the continuous formation and dissolution of small and rotating aggregates dominates the collective dynamics. The birotors motion is hydrodynamically enhanced at short distances, such that the average velocity of the swimmers shows to increase with density for the investigated range of densities. This is compensated by a decrease of rotational diffusive time, making that the overall effective diffusion decreases with density. These results constitute the first systematic analysis of the birotor microswimmer, which could be also further modified as an easy to manipulate active particle for various potential applications.
A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors
Authors: Krup Alexis Leigh , Winchester Sarah A. B. , Ranade Sanjeev S. , Agrawal Ayushi , Devine W. Patrick , Sinha Tanvi , Choudhary Krishna , Dominguez Martin H. , Thomas Reuben , Black Brian L. , Srivastava Deepak , Bruneau Benoit G. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
Quantitative determination of lurbinectedin, its unbound fraction and its metabolites in human plasma utilizing ultra-performance LC–MS/MS
Authors: King Nicholas , Garcia-Martinez Soledad , Alcaraz Eider , Grisalena Alba , Lubomirov Rubin , Altares Raquel , Fernandez-Teruel Carlos , Francesch Andrés M. , Avilés Pablo M. , Fudio Salvador 
Published: March 2023

Aims
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) methods to quantify total lurbinectedin, its plasma protein binding to derive the unbound fraction and its main metabolites 1′,3′-dihydroxy-lurbinectedin (M4) and N-desmethyl-lurbinectedin (M6) in human plasma, were developed and validated.

Materials & methods
For lurbinectedin, sample extraction was performed using supported liquid extraction. For metabolites, liquid-liquid extraction with stable isotope–labeled analogue internal standards was used. Plasma protein binding was evaluated using rapid equilibrium dialysis. In vitro investigations at different plasma protein concentrations were carried out to estimate dissociation rate constants to albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG).

Results
Calibration curves displayed good linearity over 0.1 to 50 ng/mL for lurbinectedin and 0.5 to 20 ng/mL for the metabolites. Methods were validated in accordance with established guidance.
The inter-day precision and accuracy ranged from 5.1% to 10.7%, and from -5% to 6% (lurbinectedin in plasma); from 3.1% to 6.6%, and from 4% to 6% (lurbinectedin in plasma:PBS); from 4.5% to 12.9%, and from 4% to 9% (M4); and from 7.5% to 10.5%, and from 6% to 12% (M6). All methods displayed good linearity (r2 >0.99). Recovery was evaluated for lurbinectedin in plasma:PBS (66.4% to 86.6%), M4 (7.82% to 13.4%) and M6 (22.2% to 34.3%).
The method for lurbinectedin in plasma has been applied in most clinical studies, while the plasma:PBS and metabolites methods were used to evaluate the impact of special conditions on lurbinectedin PK.
Lurbinectedin plasma protein binding was 99.6% and highly affected by AAG concentration.

Conclusions
These UPLC–MS/MS methods enable the rapid and sensitive quantification of lurbinectedin and its main metabolites in clinical samples.
Scalp Reconstruction Techniques for the General Surgeon – A Case Report
Authors: Vignesh Varma  , Rashmi Sreedhar  , Chetan Gowda  , Bhoomika R  
Published: March 2023

Scalp injuries are extremely common and although most scalp lacerations/ injuries can be primarily repaired, few require flap coverage. This article discusses the various ways in which we have reconstructed the scalp. This article is a case series of six different cases that required flap reconstruction where six different techniques were used to obtain wound cover with good outcomes. Patients who presented to various smaller hospitals/nursing homes with availability of only a general surgeon and no super specialists in Rural Bangalore with the need for scalp reconstruction were considered for the study. The operative outcome of six different methods of scalp reconstruction/ repair that include four different local flaps, a split skin graft with a wig and a pericranium burr hole drilling followed by split skin graft coverage have been studied.
All six cases were followed up for a period of one month post intervention and all of them had good functional and cosmetic outcomes with no complications. There was no incidence of surgical site infection, seroma, or flap/graft failure in the 6 cases included in our study. Both grafts and flaps are equally good modalities in scalp reconstruction, but the choice for which to use should be based on the need of the patient and the type of wound. Grafts can be considered in conditions where there is adequate soft tissue cover over the scalp and in wounds with larger surface area. Grafts have the advantage of being technically simpler and are associated with fewer complications/failure but cannot be used in injuries where the bone is exposed. Flaps have better cosmetic outcome but are technically more challenging.