bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A post‐politics earnings penalty? Evidence from politicians' lifetime income trajectories (1970–2019)
Authors: Geys Benny , Sørensen Rune J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoliticians are commonly believed to gain financially from holding and/or having held office. We argue that there may often also be economic downsides to pursuing a political career and investigate whether and when politicians can (not) capitalize on their political experience. We thereby study both entry into and exit from political office and directly compare the returns to politics across government levels and types of politicians. Empirically, we build on detailed information from Norwegian administrative register data over the period 1970–2019 to study individual‐level income developments before, during and after a political career at the national and local levels (covering nearly 22,000 individuals and 700,000 person‐years). Using an event‐study methodology, we show that politicians on average witness a significant income boost during their time in office. In sharp contrast, leaving political office is on average associated with a substantial drop in income, which generally outweighs the income gain from entry into office. These findings suggest that most politicians face a net present value loss from holding office.
Quantitative mineral analysis of (99942) Apophis using reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang PengYue , Cloutis Edward , Zhang XiaoPing , Su Ye , Wu YunZhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe impact threat of some near‐Earth Asteroids (NEAs) drives our need to understand their mineral compositions. Quantitative mineral abundances based on reflectance spectroscopy are of great significance for studying the compositions of NEAs. In this study, we constrained the surface mineralogy of (99942) Apophis based on multiple diagnostic spectral parameters. The influence of non‐mineral component factors (e.g., space weathering, phase angle, and surface temperature) on diagnostic spectral parameters was evaluated. We established the connection between Apophis and corresponding meteorite analog. Our results show that the abundances of olivine and pyroxene on the surface of Apophis are 53.4 ± 6 wt% and 35.6 ± 2 wt%, respectively. The 1 μm band width is basically unaffected by phase‐angle changes and is less affected by temperature variations. Low temperature has more obvious effects on the 1.25/1 μm band depth ratio (BDR 1.25) based on the present data. When the phase angle ranges from 60° to 120°, the BDR 1.25 changes significantly with the increase or decrease of phase angle. In terms of spectral characteristics, the best meteorite analog of Apophis is LL chondrite, confirming earlier interpretations. Mineral analyses based on multiple diagnostic spectral parameters provide more consistent results. Knowledge of the surface compositions of Apophis can also inform optimum or possible defense strategies for it and other NEAs.
Action anthropology and public policy change: Lead poisoning in Syracuse, NY
Authors: Lane Sandra D. , Rubinstein Robert A. , Fair Oceanna , Farkouh Katie , Delgado Melaica , McGee Tanya S. , Gaudette Kinley , Ciavarri Paul , Thompson Maureen , Ahmed Md Koushik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Syracuse, New York more than 10% of children are lead poisoned each year, a toxic exposure that lowers the children's ability to learn and increases risky behaviors in adolescence. African American children are affected at nearly twice the rate of White children. We describe a community‐university collaboration to reduce childhood lead poisoning in Syracuse, and the effects these efforts have had on public policy to date. This paper documents the effectiveness of the Community Action, Research, and Education model to deliver community‐based prevention strategies on child lead poisoning in Syracuse, New York. The community‐based strategies were successful for promoting legal and policy change, increasing the public awareness of this tragic problem, holding elected and appointed officials to their commitments in addressing this toxic injustice, and obtaining needed intervention and disability accommodations for lead‐poisoned children in the community and educational institutions.
Implementation of artificial intelligence Chatbot in peritoneal dialysis nursing care: Experience from a Taiwan medical center
Authors: Cheng Ching‐I , Lin Woan‐Jean , Liu Hui‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chiang Chih‐Kang , Hung Kung‐Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeCoronavirus disease pandemic makes high requirements in delivering remote and efficient communication, and patient education. Because of the increases of digital and social media applications in Taiwan, we aim to apply Artificial Intelligence of LINE Chatbot to improve the self‐care ability of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Materials and MethodsWe conducted the project since 1 May 2021 to 30 April 2022. We designed an automatically replied Chatbot system, and divided into six scopes of interaction interfaces, including peritoneal dialysis technique operation video, clinical reminder, home caring, hospital registration service, dietary guideline, and Automatic Peritoneal dialysis guidance. We surveyed patients' satisfaction with the LINE Chatbot 3 months later by the Likert 1–5 score‐based questionnaire and the higher score indicated higher satisfaction.ResultsThere were 440 patients who joined the PD AI Chatbot study and use the Chatbot, but the satisfaction questionnaire recovery rate was only 297 patients. We found that 91.7% of participants agreed ‘Overall satisfaction with patient intelligent Chatbot application’. More than 4 points accounted for 86.6%. We traced every click in each section of the Chatbot and explored the potential scenario patients face. The Chatbot statistically significant reduced infection rate of exit site and tunnel infection before using (p = .049 and .024). Furthermore, peritonitis rate decreased from 0.93 to 0.8/100 patient month after using Artificial Intelligence technique. Peritoneal dialysis Artificial Intelligence Chatbot had similar effect with face‐to‐face education.ConclusionThe innovative Chatbot allowed delivering remote and digital information's to improve patients' self‐care ability. Peritoneal dialysis patients were highly recognized and satisfied with the tools. It deserves to further explore the long‐term impact of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot in peritoneal dialysis care.

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Anterior segment optical coherence tomography meibography compared with keratograph meibography
Authors: Edgar Amanda K. , Connor Heather R. M. , Kamarelddin Shayma , Musich Jack , Mclouta Stefanos , Choi Evelyn , Thamer Afnan , Salcedo Adrian , Nazarian Aram , Chong Luke X. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using readily accessible technology, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), to detect and grade meibomian gland dropout and examine its interchangeability with the Oculus Keratograph 5M (K5M).MethodsA total of 30 participants (30 eyes) with a median age of 21 (range = 19–28 years) were recruited. Meibography was performed using two commercially available imaging devices to look at the structure of the meibomian glands and grade them subjectively in real time, and image analysis was used to quantify meibomian gland loss objectively. Gland loss as imaged by the two techniques was graded using the meiboscore grading schema. Test–retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Weighted kappa was used to evaluate agreement between the two imaging devices and four methods of image analysis. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the association of structural measurements between each of the techniques. The agreement between the two imaging techniques was determined with the Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsReliability of subjective grading was strong for AS‐OCT (ICC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96, p < 0.001) and K5M (ICC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.96–0.91, p = 0.001). Image analysis with ImageJ reliability was strong between the imaging devices (ICC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94, p < 0.001). Agreement between each subjective technique was fair, κ = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.17–0.73, p < 0.001) and a positive Spearman correlation was also observed (r = 0.52, p < 0.001).There was no significant difference between the mean meibomian gland loss measured with ImageJ between AS‐OCT and K5M (0.92 ± 6.28, p = 0.26). The 95% limits of agreement were −12.45% to +14.04%.ConclusionThese findings suggest subjective real‐time grading of meibomian gland loss could be performed using readily available AS‐OCT technology and that this method was interchangeable with the K5M.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Shafiee Arman , Jafarabady Kyana , Seighali Niloofar , Shahid Abia , Ahmad Adeel , Ahmad Imama , Ahmad Soban , Pahuja Mohit , Dani Sourbha S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a resuscitation method for patients with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking.MethodsWe searched several electronic databases until March 2023 for RCTs comparing ECPR with conventional CPR in OHCA patients. RevMan 5.4 was used to pool risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of four RCTs were included. The results of our meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant benefit of ECPR regarding mid‐term survival (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.64 to 2.28; I2= 48%; p = .55). We found a significant improvement with ECPR in mid‐term favorable neurological outcome (RR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.33; I2= 0%; p = .02). There was no significant difference between ECPR and conventional CPR in long‐term survival (RR 1.32; 95% CI 0.18 to 9.50; I2= 64%; p = .79), and long‐term favorable neurological outcome (RR 1.47; 95% CI 0.89 to 2.43; I2= 25%; p = .13). There was an increased incidence of adverse events in the ECPR group (RR 3.22; 95% CI 1.18 to 8.80; I2= 63%; p = .02).ConclusionECPR in OHCA patients was not associated with improved survival or long‐term favorable neurological outcome but did improve favorable neurological outcome in the mid‐term. However, these results are likely underpowered due to the small number of available RCTs. Large‐scale confirmatory RCTs are needed to provide definitive conclusions.
The Historical Presidency: Rethinking the origins of national security classification
Authors: Lebovic Sam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article reconstructs the bureaucratic and legal processes that culminated in the creation of the modern national security classification system in Executive Order No. 10,290, issued by Harry Truman in 1951. It argues that classification was shaped by processes of improvisation endogenous to the federal bureaucracy, which produced the problems of overclassification, definitional vagueness, and ambiguous constitutional status that have haunted the secrecy regime until the present. In so doing, it provides new insight into the development of the modern presidency, the national security state, and American democracy, and suggests possible paths to reform the contemporary pathologies of the classification system.
Some exact and approximate solutions to a generalized Maxwell–Cattaneo equation
Authors: Herron Isom H. , Mickens Ronald E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe simple heat conduction equation in one‐space dimension does not have the property of a finite speed for information transfer. A partial resolution of this difficulty can be obtained within the context of heat conduction by the introduction of a partial differential equation (PDE) called the Maxwell–Cattaneo (M‐C) equation, elsewhere called the damped wave equation, a special case of the telegraph equation. We construct a generalization to the M‐C equation by allowing the relaxation time parameter to be a function of temperature. In the balance of the paper, we present a variety of special exact and approximate solutions to this nonlinear PDE.
Water and dialysis fluid purity for contemporary hemodialysis
Authors: Canaud Bernard , Lucena Rui , Ward Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe purity of water and dialysis fluids is of utmost importance in ensuring the safe and effective administration of hemodialysis treatment to patients with chronic kidney disease. It is crucial to enforce compliance with international standards for dialysis water and fluids, as this is mandatory in reducing chemical hazards, mitigating the adverse effects of bioincompatibility resulting from contaminated water and ultimately enhancing long‐term patient outcomes.Standards and RisksWithin this comprehensive review, we highlight the presence of water contaminants and thoroughly assess the existing international standards for dialysis water and fluids, spanning from pure to ultrapure. Additionally, we delve into the fundamental components of water purification and present a comprehensive range of water treatment options, encompassing pre‐treatment, primary treatment (reverse osmosis), and tertiary water treatment. Furthermore, we outline recommended monitoring and maintenance procedures, ensuring the consistent delivery of high‐quality water and dialysis fluids at the point of care.Water Purification and Monitoring Sustainability and Future ChallengesImportantly, we raise concerns regarding the sustainability and conservation of water resources in hemodialysis treatment. It is imperative that these concerns be addressed in the future to avert the potential shortage of this essential resource.ConclusionIn conclusion, the contemporary landscape of hemodialysis conditions has engendered an urgent necessity for advanced water treatment systems and optimized delivery of dialysis fluids. This review serves as a comprehensive update on the latest technological advancements aimed at meeting these critical demands. Dialysis water and fluids must adhere to increasingly stringent purity constraints, encompassing both biochemical and microbiological perspectives.
Counterfactual reasoning in space and time: Integrating graphical causal models in computational movement analysis
Authors: Rahimi Saeed , Moore Antoni B. , Whigham Peter A. , Dillingham Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMovement analysis is distinguished by an emphasis on understanding via observation and association. However, an important component of movement from the human and computer modeling perspective is the processes that bring about movement behavior in the first place. This article contextualizes the graphical causal modeling framework (for association, intervention, and counterfactual causal analysis) in GIScience, and more specifically within movement analysis studies. This is done by modeling the movement behavior of football players, applied to spatiotemporal data generated by an agent‐based simulation. The movement dataset is thoroughly analyzed to infer the statistical associations among its variables, to estimate the effect of an intervention on some of those variables, and to answer a few counterfactual questions from the observations. We conclude that causal graphs (i.e., directed acyclic graphs), if implemented correctly, can assist analysts in infering causal relations from movement data. This research suggests the integration of causal graphs and agent‐based paradigms as one solution for computational movement analysis.
Solidarity on the move: Imaginaries and infrastructures within the People's March for Jobs (1981)
Authors: Griffin Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper revisits the 1981 People's March for Jobs as a moment of unemployed activism and solidarity in the UK. The paper argues that the march revealed a spatial politics of solidarity as characterised through mobility, presence, imaginaries and dialogue. It considers how the march emerged through trade union organising and forged political alliances in articulating opposition against rising unemployment, challenging the associated stigma around labour market inactivity. Contributing to geographical scholarship on ‘working‐class presence’ and concepts of ‘imagined solidarity’, the paper explores the ‘solidarity infrastructures’ that enabled unemployed resistance. It considers material resources alongside a more generative and imaginary understanding of solidarity as fostered through the march. These more transitory and temporary forms of solidarity are meaningful in their immediacy, but also hold longer lasting impacts on both those involved and the places visited. In this regard, the combination of ‘imagined solidarities’ and ‘solidarity infrastructures’ provides geographers with an insight into the spatial dynamics of marching as resistance, as well as reflecting a wider resonance with trade union sensibilities.
Nano-Graphite-Doped Spartina alterniflora-Based Hard Carbon as High Performance Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Hongkuan , Shu Qihang , Wei Huanyu , Luo Xingzhang , Huang Suzhen , Zheng Zheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anode materials based on hard carbon are the focus of research in the field of batteries, and bio-hard carbon is one of the most important materials. In this study, we use the invasive species Spartina alterniflora as raw material and doped with nano-graphite to produce high-performance anode materials. It can achieve a first coulomb efficiency of 67%, which is nearly 10% higher than Spartina alterniflora without nano-graphite doped. The specific capacity is close to 300 mA h g−1 under the current of 20 mA g−1. By comparison, we found that the modified Spartina alterniflora has great sodium storage capacity, and the study also proved that Spartina alterniflora material can be modified into a high-performance anode material with high economic value.
Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of Leading Edge Serration in Low-Speed Axial Fans With Forward Skewed Blades
Authors: Tieghi Lorenzo , Czwielong Felix , Barnabei Valerio F. , Ocker Christof , Delibra Giovanni , Becker Stefan , Corsini Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Low-speed axial fans must comply with a wide number of standards and normative restrictions, often related to the maximum noise emission levels. Among the noise control techniques in axial fans, skewed fan blades and leading edge serrations have been found to be effective in leading edge noise control, which represents one of the dominant phenomena in axial fan broadband emissions. However, these solutions are usually applied separately, and literature is scarce on systematic studies on the coupling of the two modifications. In this work, a campaign of experimental measurements was conducted on unskewed and forward-skewed axial fan blades with and without leading-edge serrations. The tests were performed in undisturbed inflow conditions. The flow field and the turbulence characteristics were measured using three-dimensional hot-wire anemometry. The suction-side sound radiation of the fans was measured with microphones in an anechoic chamber. In addition, the rotating beamforming method was used to localize the sound sources at the axial fans. It was found that, regardless of the blade skew, the leading edge serrations lead to a reduction of the sound pressure level, whereby the aerodynamic properties of the fan decrease. At the same operating points, which were achieved by adjusting the rotational speed, the sound radiation through the leading edge serrations could be reduced at high-volume flows. This effect was more pronounced with the unskewed rotor, which indicates that the positive effect of the serrations is reduced by the already optimized shape of the forward skewed fan blade. Based on the experimental results, the four geometries were further considered for numerical investigations to understand how the serrations affect the fan operations and the overall aerodynamics of the rotor. All four geometries were simulated with RANS approach at the duty point to derive a flow survey and better understand the dynamics driven by serrations and blade skewing.
The Effect of Staged Versus Usual Care Physiotherapy on Knee Function Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: McNeill Kestrel , Marmura Hana , Werstine Melanie , Alcock Greg , Birmingham Trevor , Willits Kevin , Getgood Alan , LeBel Marie-Eve , Litchfield Robert , Bryant Dianne , Giffin J. Robert 
Published: September 2023

Context: The long duration and high cost of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rehabilitation can pose barriers to completing rehabilitation, the latter stages of which progress to demanding sport-specific exercises critical for a safe return to sport. A staged approach shifting in-person physiotherapy sessions to later months of recovery may ensure patients undergo the sport-specific portion of ACLR rehabilitation. Design/Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes of knee function in patients participating in a staged ACLR physiotherapy program to patients participating in usual care physiotherapy through a randomized controlled trial. Methods: One hundred sixty-two patients were randomized to participate in staged (n = 80) or usual care physiotherapy (n = 82) following ACLR and assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. The staged group completed the ACLR rehabilitation protocol at home for the first 3 months, followed by usual care in-person sessions. The usual care group completed in-person sessions for their entire rehabilitation. Outcome measures included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee Questionnaire, pain, range of motion, strength, and hop testing. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences in measures of knee function at 6 months postoperative. Patients in the usual care group reported significantly higher International Knee Documentation Committee scores at 3 months postoperative (mean difference = 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 10.4; P = .01). Conclusion: A staged approach to ACLR rehabilitation does not appear to impede knee function at 6 months postoperative but may result in worse patient reported outcomes at early follow-ups.