bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities of the urban structures of holy cities: the case of old Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Farhan Sabeeh Lafta , Merie Ula Abd Ali Khalel , Alobaydi Dhirgham 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper shed light on the historic urban structure that the city of Najaf has, and the current challenges and circumstances that are facing its unique urban centre, its traditional architecture, and its identity as a heritage Islamic city. Discussing Najaf as a pilgrimage city, that experiences seasonal pilgrimages to its holy sites, might force unusual urban conditions that are rarely found in other Islamic cities. These conditions enforce unique urban design, planning decisions, and actions that respect and improve the intangible and tangible heritage of the old city. Using an analytical approach, this paper analyses official documents and reports, maps, and archival materials that regard the unfortunate loss of the unique construction identity, which was part of its tangible and intangible features, and how they have been lost or neglected in the reconstruction of the urban structure of the old centre of Najaf, to illustrate how the city’s identity has impacted by different approaches, changes, and decisions policies. The paper provides a closer look at understanding the city’s urban transformations and explores the new challenges, tactics, and policies. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to strengthen the traditional urban structure and control the improper changes and replacement procedures whenever it takes to cover the needs (facilities and commercial activities). In addition, to determine the locations that will be changed or allocated for the new projects, to ensure maintaining the identity of the city.
Reconfiguration of urban mobility rhythms in post-pandemic cities
Authors: Altaweel Maha A , Abduljalil Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has directly affected all fields of urban life (economic, social and health), and by reviewing the global precaution procedures that have been taken to confront the outbreak of the Coronavirus, It has been reached that the common factor among them is that the most of them are restrictions imposed to limit the daily rhythms of mobility that routinely occur within the urban environment. So, this study aims to take advantage of the lessons provided by the Coronavirus pandemic, to enable decision-makers to develop resilient and effective procedures for facing epidemics, according to a better understanding of urban mobility patterns, their relation to the closure and Opening policies, and Mobility Restriction Policies that are taken during health crises and infectious epidemics. It also contributes to developing planning to confront health crises, and providing better monitoring of the effects of precaution procedures, in addition to evaluating and developing it, according to the daily life patterns of the residents, to become more efficient rather than being general recommendations far from actual life. So, it has been analysed the concept of rhythmic pattern in the urban environment, by examining the rhythms of urban mobility as a conditional and contextual movement (directed by spatial and temporal context), to identify its relation to the continuity of the epidemic’s spread within the neighbourhoods of Adhamiya district in Baghdad. The results have shown that the rhythmic pattern of urban mobility is related to the continuity of infections with a strong positive relation of 91%. By using the multiple linear regression models, it has been reached to the model of prediction for the continuity of infection according to the spatial and temporal context of the rhythmic pattern of urban mobility. The spatial context data was obtained by the connectivity analysis of the axial map of the streets’ network, by using the Depth map. Also, the temporal context data was obtained by measuring the average of the intensity of existence in specific locations during every hour of the week, by the Best Time application. It should be noted that this prediction model cannot be considered a general model that is valid at all times and places, also it can’t be directly applied in other regions before testing and calibration, as the results will be completely different. Here, we can refer that more studies are needed to identify, understand and explain the differences.
Relate building information modeling to quality management according to the different quality management phases
Authors: Elsheikh Asser , Alamedy Shaimaa Ghanim Hakim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Buildings are becoming larger and more complex in today’s world. As a result, the old method of personally inspecting a building’s design is no longer efficient, as it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Establishing and automating systems for inspecting building quality is becoming increasingly crucial. Building Information modeling (BIM) enables for quick decision-making and evaluation by automatically verifying if buildings meet standards. In this case. Real-time quality control and early fault detection are still the most effective methods for decreasing project schedule and expense overrun in the construction process. Current quality control methods on construction sites are inefficient and time-consuming since they only offer data at specified locations and times to reflect the work in progress, limiting a quality manager’s ability to quickly identify and handle faults. The goal of this research is to show how important BIM is in quality management in terms of its many phases. (inspection, control, and quality assurance).
The spatial effects of regional transportation roads and their role in activating the development potential using (GIS) techniques: Al Zubair district a case study
Authors: Allawi Ahmed Hussein , Al-Jazaeri Haider Mohammed Jawad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The research, through a scientific study of the Al-Zubair district, tried to focus on the importance of land transport roads in general and highway transport lines in particular, and their role in creating an integrated development process in the spatial domains that they penetrate. The developmental role of this important vital sector (main road networks) in reviving and activating the development potential characterizes the study area with the spatial extension of those roads in the establishment of urban communities and planning for the development of various human activities. The research focused on analysing the developmental relationship of the main transportation roads and their impact on the Al-Zubair district using the analytical method by relying on geographic information systems (GIS) techniques and using standard methods, including the inflexion factor method and the nearest neighbour in determining the effectiveness of regional roads, and the use of the questionnaire and the adoption of planning methods to show the efficiency of the roads, including the method (the inflexion coefficient). The research reached a set of results that prove the existence of a developmental interrelationship between the regional transport routes and the areas of spatial activities of the population in the study area.
Self-focusing and defocusing phenomena of super-Gaussian laser beams in plasmas carrying density gradient
Authors: Devi Lalita , Malik Hitendra K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Considering nonlinearities due to relativistic mass variation and ponderomotive force driven depression in the electron density, a model is developed for the self-focusing of a super-Gaussian laser beam in inhomogeneous plasmas. Since paraxial ray approximation is not appropriate for the beams of super-Gaussian profile, the formulation is developed based on the moment theory. To have an in-depth understanding of self-focusing and defocusing phenomena and to develop generalized treatment, three different types of plasma density profiles namely linear, tangent and exponential density profiles, are considered and the results are compared. Due to the saturating nature of nonlinear permittivity with laser intensity, the beam is found to undergo periodic focusing because of competition between the diffraction divergence and nonlinear self-focusing effects. The ponderomotive nonlinearity enhances the self-focusing. As the super-Gaussian beam moves into higher density plasma region up to several Rayleigh lengths, stronger self-focusing is achieved and the value of minimum spot size decreases.
Crystallization, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/metallocene polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhu Kaili , Guo Xiuxue , Zhang Qinglu , Liu Changheng , Li Wenjin , Shen Penghui , Tan Hongsheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, metallocene polypropylene (mPP) composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared using twin-screw extruder. The crystallization behavior, mechanical properties and rheological behavior were characterized by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), universal material testing machine and rotational rheometer. The results of DSC indicated that the effect of CNTs on heterogeneous nucleation of mPP was very obvious and the crystallizability of the resin matrix was improved after adding CNTs, especially the initial crystallization temperature (T
0), crystallization temperature (T
c) increased by 9.63 °C and 8.28 °C when the CNTs content was 1.25 wt%. The yield stress and elastic modulus increased to 33.98 MPa and 1605.6 MPa as the CNTs concentration increased to 1.0 wt% in contrast to that of the neat mPP. The results of SEM images showed that the better dispersion and adhesion of CNTs into polymer matrix. The results of rotational rheometer proved that interactions increased between CNTs and mPP as the content of CNTs increasing.
Recipes for when physics fails: recovering robust learning of physics informed neural networks
Authors: Bajaj Chandrajit , McLennan Luke , Andeen Timothy , Roy Avik 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been shown to be effective in solving partial differential equations by capturing the physics induced constraints as a part of the training loss function. This paper shows that a PINN can be sensitive to errors in training data and overfit itself in dynamically propagating these errors over the domain of the solution of the PDE. It also shows how physical regularizations based on continuity criteria and conservation laws fail to address this issue and rather introduce problems of their own causing the deep network to converge to a physics-obeying local minimum instead of the global minimum. We introduce Gaussian process (GP) based smoothing that recovers the performance of a PINN and promises a robust architecture against noise/errors in measurements. Additionally, we illustrate an inexpensive method of quantifying the evolution of uncertainty based on the variance estimation of GPs on boundary data. Robust PINN performance is also shown to be achievable by choice of sparse sets of inducing points based on sparsely induced GPs. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed methods and compare the results from existing benchmark models in literature for time-dependent Schrödinger and Burgers’ equations.
Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in wound healing
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Tengfei , Tang Yuanyang , Luo Gaoxing , Liang Guangping , He Weifeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating skin wound healing. Macrophages, the main component of infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a pivotal role in shaping the immune microenvironment in the process of skin wound healing. Macrophages comprise the classic proinflammatory M1 subtype and anti-inflammatory M2 population. In the early inflammatory phase of skin wound closure, M1-like macrophages initiate and amplify the local inflammatory response to disinfect the injured tissue. In the late tissue-repairing phase, M2 macrophages are predominant in wound tissue and limit local inflammation to promote tissue repair. The biological function of macrophages is tightly linked with epigenomic organization. Transcription factors are essential for macrophage polarization. Epigenetic modification of transcription factors determines the heterogeneity of macrophages. In contrast, transcription factors also regulate the expression of epigenetic enzymes. Both transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes form a complex network that regulates the plasticity of macrophages. Here, we describe the latest knowledge concerning the potential epigenetic mechanisms that precisely regulate the biological function of macrophages and their effects on skin wound healing.
Chronology of Practice: Chinese Practice in Private International Law in 2021
Authors: Qisheng H E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This survey contains materials reflecting the Chinese practice in private law in 2021. Firstly, regarding changes in the statutory framework of private international law in China, six legislative acts, one administrative regulation on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-Territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, and six judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) were adopted or amended in 2021, covering a wide range of matters, including punitive damages, online litigation, online mediation, and international civil procedure. Secondly, five typical cases on Chinese courts’ jurisdiction are selected to highlight the development of Chinese judicial practice in respect of consumer contracts, abuse of dominant market position, repeated actions and other matters. Thirdly, this survey considers 18 cases on choice-of-law issues relating, in particular, to capacities of legal persons, proprietary rights, employee contracts, mandatory rules, gambling and public policy. Fourthly, two significant decisions on punitive damages of intellectual property are reported. Fifthly, several key decisions in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, international arbitration agreements and foreign settlement agreements, are reproduced. Lastly, this survey also covers the Summaries of the National Symposium on Foreign-related Commercial and Maritime Trials of Courts published by the SPC, an official document which represents the current judicial practices in the Chinese courts, and which is expected to provide guidance in the adjudication of foreign-related matters in the future.
TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 in human kidney biopsies in renal disease
Authors: Schanz Moritz , Kimmel Martin , Alscher Mark Dominik , Amann Kerstin , Daniel Christoph 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) are markers of tubular stress and urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] is an established biomarker for risk assessment of acute kidney injury. There are no studies of expression profiles or localization of these markers in human renal tissue with confirmed renal disease.

Methods
We analysed 37 kidney biopsies of patients with renal disease and 10 non-diseased control biopsies for TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 expression using immunohistochemistry. Changes in glomerular morphology were evaluated by a semi-quantitative glomerulosclerosis score (GSI) and tubular interstitial changes were graded by the tubular injury score (TSI) using periodic acid–Schiff-stained paraffin sections. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) were graded according to the Banff classification. Urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] was collected at the time of biopsy.

Results
TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 had significantly greater expression in kidney biopsies from patients with renal disease compared with control tissue, especially in the tubular compartment. Here, IGFBP7 was detected in proximal and distal tubules while TIMP-2 was predominantly localized in the collecting ducts. Renal injury significantly correlated with staining intensity for TIMP-2 and IGFBP7: GSI weakly correlated with glomerular TIMP-2 (r = 0.36) and IGFBP7 (r = 0.35) and TSI correlated with tubular TIMP-2 (r = 0.41) and IGFBP7 (r = 0.43). Urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] correlated weakly with the histopathological damage score but not with glomerular and tubular expression.

Conclusion
Our findings underline the role of TIMP-2/IGFBP7 as an unspecific marker of renal injury that is already in use for early detection of acute kidney injury.
Pseudo-AKI associated with targeted anti-cancer agents—the truth is in the eye of the filtration marker
Authors: Vanhoutte Thomas , Sprangers Ben 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBesides true acute kidney injury (AKI), the occurrence of pseudo-AKI has been associated with several targeted agents. To improve the management of cancer patients treated with targeted agents, we need to be aware of this and use diagnostic approaches to differentiate between pseudo-AKI and AKI. In an article by Wijtvliet et al. in this issue of CKJ, tepotinib is added to the list of targeted agents associated with pseudo-AKI. In this editorial we discuss the current literature regarding pseudo-AKI and true AKI associated with targeted agents, and subsequently propose a management strategy to monitor kidney function in patients treated with targeted agents.
Adult-onset MELAS syndrome in a 51-year-old woman without typical clinical manifestations: a case report
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyup , Lee Chan Joo , Won Dongju , Kang Seok-Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a multi-organ disorder resulting from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We report a case of suspected MELAS syndrome that progressed to left ventricular dysfunction 24 years after an initial diagnosis of atrioventricular block (AVB).

Case summary
A 51-year-old woman was referred to heart failure clinic because of dyspnoea on exertion and progressive cardiomegaly. She had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted for 24 years because of a high-degree AVB. She was treated for diabetes mellitus for 23 years and used hearing aids for 12 years because of sensorineural hearing loss. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (26%), with increased thickness and unusual texture of the myocardium. The absence of abnormal findings on serum and urine protein electrophoresis suggested that light-chain amyloidosis was unlikely. In addition, 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy revealed no definite uptake in the myocardium. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed a hypertrophy of myocytes in haematoxylin-eosin staining, and electron microscopy revealed a disarrangement of mitochondrial cristae, which were suggestive of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. A mtDNA test detected the m.3243A &gt; G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene. According to these findings, MELAS syndrome was the most probable diagnosis despite the absence of common symptoms such as stroke-like episodes or lactic acidosis.

Discussion
The patient had progressed to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction 24 years after the first cardiac manifestation. An identification of the mutation in the MT-TL1 gene, indicative of MELAS syndrome, enabled the diagnosis of MELAS syndrome without typical manifestations.
Atherosclerotic plaque regression in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a case report of a long-term lipid-lowering therapy involving LDL-receptor-independent mechanisms
Authors: Khoury Etienne , Lauzière Alex , Raal Frederick J , Mancini John , Gaudet Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare and life-threatening genetic disease characterized by extremely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, important xanthomatosis and increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Management of HoFH at an early stage is recommended but conventional lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) dependent on the LDL-receptor for clearance of LDL particles, are usually not sufficient. However, agents acting independently of the LDL-receptor, such as inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) or angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), administered in combination, on top of standard-of-care LLT constitute a promising therapy for HoFH.

Case summary
The present case describes a long-term (&gt;10 years) follow-up of a 52-year-old woman with severe HoFH, who was treated with conventional lipid-lowering medications (i.e. statins and ezetimibe) for several years before experiencing the risks and benefits that were encountered with the use of LDL-receptor-independent agents (MTP and ANGPTL3 inhibitors). This combination therapy demonstrated a good long-term safety and efficacy profile, while continuous monitoring of hepatic enzymes (sometimes requiring dose adjustments) and fat accumulation is recommended when using lomitapide.

Discussion
Treating this HoFH patient with an LLT involving the combination of MTP and ANGPTL3 LDL-receptor-independent inhibitors (lomitapide and evinacumab, respectively) showed remarkable improvement in LDL-C levels, disappearance of xanthomatosis and regression in atherosclerotic plaques. In addition to safety and efficacy, one should question the affordability and access hurdle that emerging combination of expensive therapies might constitute in the future for the payers. These challenges could eventually limit the clinical use of those innovative treatments despite their clinical benefit.
Modified approach for transcatheter correction of superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect: a case series
Authors: Schleiger Anastasia , Nordmeyer Johannes , Kramer Peter , Berger Felix 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter correction of superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) of the right upper and/or right middle pulmonary vein (RUPV/RMPV) has recently been described as an alternative to surgical approach in a substantial number of patients. We describe a modified technical approach for transcatheter correction of SVASD using transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) to confirm adequate stent landing zone and apposition and evaluate its feasibility, safety, and procedural success.

Case summary
From 2019 to 2021, three consecutive patients received a transcatheter correction of SVASD with PAPVD by redirecting the superior vena cava and RUPV/RMPV to the left atrium by implantation of a custom-made covered Cheatham platinum stent (10-zig, length: 60–80 mm). Prior to stent implantation, a balloon testing was performed in the anticipated landing zone using TOE to confirm complete defect closure and unobstructed pulmonary venous drainage. Stent deployment and flaring of the interior stent portion were performed with TOE guidance to confirm adequate landing zone and apposition and to avoid residual shunt or pulmonary vein obstruction.

Conclusion
Transcatheter correction of SVASD with PAPVD was performed without any complications. The follow-up period was 7.8, 13.6, and 29.8 months, respectively. During follow-up, no mortality, stent embolization, or obstruction of pulmonary venous drainage occurred. The TOE-guided modified transcatheter approach for correction of SVASD with PAPVD is safe and feasible with excellent post-procedural results and represents an alternative to surgical treatment in a pre-selected patient cohort.