bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of C arm aided, CT guided, and O arm navigation aids to surgically manage cases of spinal osteoblastoma over a decade
Authors: Hadgaonkar Shailesh Ramakant , Katkade Siddharth Manik , Bhilare Pramod Dashrath , Sancheti Parag Kantilal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Spinal osteoblastoma needs surgical intervention, and over a decade with advancing technologies, different radiological aids have been utilized in the form of CT scan, fluoroscopy and O arm, but no study has compared its efficacy and outcomes. Here, in this case report of three cases, we have compared the intra- and post-operative course and effectiveness of three radiological modalities.

Case presentation
We reviewed three surgically treated cases of spinal osteoblastoma with aid of different generation radiological modalities like C arm, CT scan and O arm navigation treated over a span of more than 10 years in single institute by same surgeon. These 3 cases were assessed and compared in terms of intraoperative parameters (image acquisition type, image display, scan time, bone image quality, real-time imaging, radiation exposure, surgical time, blood loss, complications and others) and post-operative parameters (recovery, recurrence and follow-up). First case managed with aid of C arm showed fluoroscopically acquired two-dimensional images, poor bone image quality; higher scan time-surgical time and blood loss with higher radiation exposure and no real-time imaging. Second case managed with aid of CT scan provided three-dimensional images, better bone image quality; lower surgical time and blood loss but increased transport time with minimum radiological exposure to surgeon and OT personnel with no real-time imaging. Third case managed with O arm navigation provided 3-dimensional images, best bone image quality; less surgical time and blood loss with minimum radiological exposure to surgeon and OT personnel with real-time imaging. Additionally, O arm navigation improved accuracy of tumor localization and intraoperative confirmation of complete tumor excision. Whereas all three cases showed no clinico-radiological signs of recurrence on subsequent follow-ups.

Conclusion
O arm navigation in terms of best bone image quality, accuracy, intraoperative confirmation of tumor excision, surgical time, blood loss and post-operative recovery makes it superior to others.
Partial detachment of the aorta: a fatal complication of CPR chest compressions
Authors: Szemień Michał , Burchardt Bartosz , Dolińska-Kaczmarek Klaudia , Żaba Zbigniew , Żaba Czesław 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Partial aorta detachment is a rare and fatal complication of mechanical chest compression.

Case presentation
The paper describes a patient in cardiac arrest who died despite receiving CPR using mechanical chest compression. After death, an autopsy showed the presence of a partial rupture of the aortic wall in the intra-pericardial section.

Discussion
In the discussion, for this case, we propose to deepen our knowledge of post-resuscitation complications, which may help to understand the need to maintain the recommended parameters of chest compressions, respond more confidently to changes in the patient's condition during CPR, to interpret the results of bedside examinations better, and to understand the autopsy results better. In our opinion, the best method of diagnosing internal injuries, which we provide with Point-of-Care (POCUS) ultrasound, allows for therapeutic interventions that maximize the chances of spontaneous circulation. Education and skill development are also indispensable aspects of CPR. Particular attention should be paid to the same quality of chest compressions performed.

Conclusions
As conclusions drawn from the analysis of this case, we propose paying particular attention to the difficulty of explaining changes in the patient's condition during CPR, the widespread use of POCUS, and considering the use of compressions performed by staff in situations where it is possible and safe.
Time since fire shapes plant immaturity risk across fire severity classes
Authors: Plumanns-Pouton Ella S. , Swan Matthew H. , Penman Trent D. , Collins Luke , Kelly Luke T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
When fire intervals are shorter than the time required for plants to reproduce, plant populations are threatened by “immaturity risk.” Therefore, understanding how the time between fires influences plants can inform ecosystem management. Quantifying periods of immaturity risk requires investigating the influence of fire intervals across plant life stages, but most studies are indiscriminate of maturity. As fire regimes are multidimensional, it is also important to consider other characteristics of fires such as severity. We conducted a field study in heathy woodland that investigated how fire severity and fire interval influence immaturity risk to serotinous resprouter species, by examining if fire severity interacts with the time since the fire to influence the occurrence of mature individuals and relative abundance of three species: silver banksia (Banksia marginata Cav.), prickly teatree (Leptospermum continentale Joy Thomps), and heath teatree (Leptospermum myrsinoides Schitdl).

Results
Regression modeling revealed a strong, positive influence of time since the last fire on the proportion of quadrats at a site with mature plants, for all three species. We only detected a small and uncertain influence of fire severity on the proportion of quadrats with mature heath and prickly teatree, and did not observe an effect of fire severity on the maturity of silver banksia. Interestingly, no relationships were observed between time since fire and the relative abundance of plants. That is, only when plant life stages were considered did we detect an effect of fire on plants. Populations of the three species were mostly immature in the first 7 years post-fire, suggesting if sites were uniformly burnt in this time frame, there could be increased risk of local extinctions.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the importance of examining population processes, such as reproduction, in addition to plant relative abundance. Surprisingly, we did not detect strong differences in plant maturation across fire severity classes; low occurrence of mature plants in recently burnt areas indicated that immaturity risk was high, regardless of fire severity. Ecological studies that distinguish between plant life stages will help to predict the impacts of fire on populations and enhance decision-making. We recommend fire intervals of ≥ 8 years to protect serotinous resprouter plants in heathy woodland vegetation of southern Australia.
Biochar synthesis from mineral and ash-rich waste biomass, part 2: characterization of biochar and co-pyrolysis mechanism for carbon sequestration
Authors: Nair Rahul Ramesh , Kißling Patrick A. , Marchanka Alexander , Lecinski Jacek , Turcios Ariel E. , Shamsuyeva Madina , Rajendiran Nishanthi , Ganesan Sathish , Srinivasan Shanmugham Venkatachalam , Papenbrock Jutta , Weichgrebe Dirk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe increase in mineral and ash-rich waste biomass (MWB) generation in emerging economies poses critical environmental problems and bottlenecks the solid waste and wastewater treatment systems. Transforming these MWB such as sewage sludge from wastewater treatment (SSW) to biochar can be a sustainable method for their disposal and resource recovery. However, such biochar has limited applicability due to the relatively low organic content and possibly contaminated nature of SSW. This may be offset through combined pyrolysis with other MWB, which can also support municipal solid waste management. Studies on this MWB co-pyrolysis are lacking and have not yet seen successful long-term implementation. This work is the second part of authors’ research encompassing an analytical and lab-scale investigation of biochar production from MWB through pyrolysis for the case of Chennai city, India. Here, the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from lab-scale co-pyrolysis of SSW with other MWB such as anaerobic digestate from waste to energy plants of food, kitchen or market waste fermentation, and banana peduncles (BP) collected from vegetable markets and their thermolysis mechanism are comprehensively investigated for purpose of carbon sequestration. Also, a novel preliminary investigation of the effect of sample weight (scaling effect) on the analytical pyrolysis of biomass (BP as model substrate) is undertaken to elucidate its impact on the heat of pyrolysis and carbon distribution in resultant biochar. The maximum carbon sequestration potential of the derived biochar types is 0.22 kg CO2 kg−1 biomass. The co-pyrolysis of MWB is exothermic and governed by the synergetic effects of the components in blends with emission profiles following the order CO2 > CH4 > CO > NH3. Co-pyrolysis reduced the heavy metal enrichment in SSW biochar. The derived biochars can be an immediate source of N, P and S in nutrient-deficient acidic soils. The biochar has only up to 4-ring polyaromatic compounds and a residence time longer than 1 h at 500 °C is necessary to improve carbonization. The heat released during analytical pyrolysis of the model biomass and distribution of carbon in the resultant biochar are significantly influenced by scaling effects, drawing attention to the need for a more detailed scaling investigation of biomass pyrolysis.
Organ preservation strategy: new therapeutic alternative in rectal cancer
Authors: Safini F. , Amaoui B. , Semghouli S. , Aqodad N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The therapeutic modalities for nonmetastatic rectal cancer are presently undergoing major changes. The standard treatment is multidisciplinary, combining radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. The aim of this minireview is to provide an update on the place of organ preservation in the treatment of nonmetastatic rectal cancer in 2022.

Main text
The multimodal strategy based on initial radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery with excision of the mesorectum has improved oncological results but at the expense of morbidity and sequelae altering life quality. The strategy of rectal preservation has been proposed since the 2000s after the publication of the results of the Brazilian study that proposed a simple surveillance after radiochemotherapy without surgery in good responders. In fact, preoperative radiochemotherapy was able to obtain a complete histological response in 10 to 30% of case. In view of this non-negligible percentage of tumor sterilization, which may well increase with the standardization of total neoadjuvant treatment, a strategy of organ preservation can be proposed in these patients to avoid morbidity and postoperative sequelae.

Short conclusion
This nonoperative approach is currently widely studied in certain patients who have a complete response (clinical, endoscopic, and radiological). However, the selection of these patients is not simple and still complex.
HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark: an in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Omeje Kingsley O. , Ezema Benjamin O. , Onaebi Chiemeka N. , Onoyima Samson C. , Ezeorba Timothy P. C. , Eze Sabinus O. O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Medicinal plant contains multiple bioactive compounds with therapeutic potentials. Due to their availability, affordability, and minimal known side effects, they are widely practiced. Identification, quantification, and establishment of their interaction with physiological enzymes help in the standardization of plant-based medicinal extracts. In this study, gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were used to determine the bioactive components in the ethanol extract of Newbouldia laevis stem bark. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined. Enzyme inhibitory potency of the flavonoids’ components was investigated against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, phospholipase A2, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase.

Results
Analysis of ethanol extract of N. laevis stem-bark revealed alkaloids (0.37%), tannins (1.82 mg/TEq/g), flavonoids (5.85 mg/QEq), steroids (0.11 mg/10 g) and glycosides (0.08 mg/10 g). The HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids showed high concentrations (mg/100 g) of catechin (47.11), apigenin (15.68), luteolin (18.90), kaempferol (41.54), and quercetin (37.64), respectively. In vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability of the extract was exhibited at 150 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. At 300 mg, most in vitro antioxidant potentials (lipid peroxidation, metal chelating ability, hydroxyl, nitric oxide, sulfide oxide radicals scavenging abilities) were obtained. The extract showed varying inhibitory abilities (> 50%) on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, phospholipase A2, α-glucosidase and α-amylase at 300 mg/mL, IC50 of 129.46, 237.10, 169.50, 251.04 and 243.06 mg/mL, respectively, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 3.92, 1.63, 1.11, 2.95 and 2.11. Results showed an affinity for the targeted enzymes with free energies higher than the standard drugs.

Conclusion
The results revealed that the N. laevis stem bark possesses antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity on the physiological enzyme that has been implicated in diabetes. In vitro and in silico inhibition of these physiological enzymes by extract suggests that the stem bark can be effective in ameliorating the complications associated with diabetes mellitus.
Decision analytical methods for assessing the efficacy of agroecology interventions
Authors: Whitney Cory , Biber-Freudenberger Lisa , Luedeling Eike 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven the extensive impact of humans on ecosystems and the uncertainty faced by decision-makers when choosing among alternatives, formal support is required for decision-making in complex agroecological systems. While approaches for producing reliable impact projections accounting for system complexity and uncertainty do exist, decision-makers rarely use them to assess the costs, benefits, and risks of agroecology development. Here, we review the literature and provide an overview of decision theory as a methodology for supporting decision-making in agroecology. We also outline the conceptual relationships between decision analysis methods and agroecology, and examine how decision analysis methods can be applied to support decision-making for agroecological transitions. These methods support decisions based on intended outcomes, explicitly accounting for risks and uncertainty, and help decision-makers determine the appropriateness of agroecological interventions for achieving desired outcomes. International frameworks and national government commitments and funding mechanisms, as well as the private sector, would benefit from making use of decision analysis methods to determine the suitability of agroecology interventions and to support and scale them when appropriate.
Graphical Abstract
Hot or not: systematic review and laboratory evaluation of the hot needle test for microplastic identification
Authors: Beckingham Barbara , Apintiloaiei Adriana , Moore Caroline , Brandes Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroplastics are small (< 5 mm) synthetic polymers that are a contaminant of emerging concern and can be difficult to identify due to their diversity in size, shape and composition. The hot needle test, or hot point test, helps researchers identify suspected microplastics under optical microscopy by probing their physical melt or deformation behavior, and is a low-cost and practical method for widespread use. However, to our knowledge the accuracy of this test has not been fully evaluated. We noted that articles commonly referenced by researchers for the hot needle method do not have a detailed description nor evaluation of the method accuracy. To address this knowledge gap, we took a mixed methods approach to describe the conditions under which the hot point test performs accurately, including a systematic literature review, reporting of the response of known fibers to a hot point, and evaluation of method performance by researchers in both controlled and environmental samples. In a single-blind trial of researchers applying different hot point conditions to a set of synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural fibers, synthetic and some natural fibers were correctly identified > 70% of the time. While cotton and semi-synthetic fiber results were less consistently identified (< 65% correct), this was improved (82–100% correct) in a second trial when clearer, updated guidance was given regarding the difference between a “pass” and “fail” response, showing the potential for the hot needle test to help analysts avoid false positives. Cellulose acetate from cigarette filters was the most challenging to identify because although this material may melt, response of individual fibers to heat varies and can be difficult to observe for smaller microfibers. Reported confirmation rates by spectroscopy of suspected microplastics that pass the hot needle test vary widely in the literature. Using detailed hot needle test criteria, > 90% of microplastics that we selected from environmental samples (water, sediment) were confirmed by Raman microscopy. It is recommended that researchers assess their hot needle test methods against known standards of both target microplastics and background materials like natural fibers, report the response criteria used in their studies and optimally include spectroscopic verification of results for higher confidence.
Premature mortality in young people accessing early intervention youth mental healthcare: data-linkage cohort study
Authors: McHugh Catherine M. , Iorfino Frank , Zmicerevska Natalia , Song Yun Ju Christine , Skinner Adam , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Understanding premature mortality risk from suicide and other causes in youth mental health cohorts is essential for delivering effective clinical interventions and secondary prevention strategies.

Aims
To establish premature mortality risk in young people accessing early intervention mental health services and identify predictors of mortality.

Method
State-wide data registers of emergency departments, hospital admissions and mortality were linked to the Brain and Mind Research Register, a longitudinal cohort of 7081 young people accessing early intervention care, between 2008 and 2020. Outcomes were mortality rates and age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR). Cox regression was used to identify predictors of all-cause mortality and deaths due to suicide or accident.

Results
There were 60 deaths (male 63.3%) during the study period, 25 (42%) due to suicide, 19 (32%) from accident or injury and eight (13.3%) where cause was under investigation. All-cause SMR was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6–2.6) but higher for males (5.3, 95% CI 3.8–7.0). The mortality rate from suicide and accidental deaths was 101.56 per 100 000 person-years. Poisoning, whether intentional or accidental, was the single greatest primary cause of death (26.7%). Prior emergency department presentation for poisoning (hazard ratio (HR) 4.40, 95% CI 2.13–9.09) and psychiatric admission (HR 4.01, 95% CI 1.81–8.88) were the strongest predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Premature mortality in young people accessing early intervention mental health services is greatly increased relative to population. Prior health service use and method of self-harm are useful predictors of future mortality. Enhanced care pathways following emergency department presentations should not be limited to those reporting suicidal ideation or intent.
Clinical impact of reducing the frequency of clozapine monitoring: controlled mirror-image cohort study
Authors: Oloyede Ebenezer , Dzahini Olubanke , Abolou Zadro , Gee Siobhan , Whiskey Eromona , Malhotra Diksha , Hussain Masuma , Osborne Ian , Casetta Cecilia , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James H. , Taylor David 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTo minimise infection during COVID-19, the clozapine haematological monitoring interval was extended from 4-weekly to 12-weekly intervals in South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.AimsTo investigate the impact of this temporary policy change on clinical and safety outcomes.MethodAll patients who received clozapine treatment with extended (12-weekly) monitoring in a large London National Health Service trust were included in a 1-year mirror-image study. A comparison group was selected with standard monitoring. The proportion of participants with mild to severe neutropenia and the proportion of participants attending the emergency department for clozapine-induced severe neutropenia treatment during the follow-up period were compared. Psychiatric hospital admission rates, clozapine dose and concomitant psychotropic medication in the 1 year before and the 1 year after extended monitoring were compared. All-cause clozapine discontinuation at 1-year follow-up was examined.ResultsOf 569 participants, 459 received clozapine with extended monitoring and 110 controls continued as normal. The total person-years were 458 in the intervention group and 109 in the control group, with a median follow-up time of 1 year in both groups. During follow-up, two participants (0.4%) recorded mild to moderate neutropenia in the intervention group and one (0.9%) in the control group. There was no difference in the incidence of haematological events between the two groups (IRR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.02–28.15, P = 0.29). All neutropenia cases in the intervention group were mild, co-occurring during COVID-19 infection. The median number of admissions per patient during the pre-mirror period remained unchanged (0, IQR = 0) during the post-mirror period. There was one death in the control group, secondary to COVID-19 infection.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that the incidence of severe neutropenia was increased in those receiving extended monitoring.
The Goldwater Rule at 50 and its relevance in Europe: Examining the positions of National Psychiatric Association Members of the European Psychiatric Association
Authors: Smith Alexander , Hachen Stefanie , van Wijnkoop Moritz , Schiltz Kolja , Falkai Peter , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFifty years after its introduction, the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Goldwater Rule remains contentious, prohibiting member-psychiatrists from providing mental health commentary on individuals they have not treated and where they lack consent. Whilst its resonance extends beyond the United States, there is limited awareness about the Goldwater Rule’s applicability elsewhere, notably within Europe.MethodsIn 2022, we investigated whether the European Psychiatric Association’s (EPA) forty-four National Psychiatric Association Members (NPAs) had similar guidelines to the Goldwater Rule or comparable ethical positions around media and public commentary. We initially searched NPA websites and subsequently contacted NPAs via email and phone. Findings were coded to four categories: “NPA-level rules or position”, “No NPA-level rules orposition but noted country-level rules”, “No NPA-level rules or position and did not note country-level rules”, and “No response”.Resultsn=27 NPAs had relevant web materials or replied to our correspondence (61.3% of total NPAs). From these 27, based on our interpretation, n=6 (22.2%) had rules or positions, n=6 (22.2%) indicated that country-level rules existed, and n=15 (55.5%) did not have applicable NPA-level or country-level regulations.ConclusionsA sizeable proportion of NPAs included in our study have not yet formally developed or considered ethical issues addressed by the Goldwater Rule and psychiatric commentary on an individual’s psychopathology. Accordingly, the EPA could consider broader discussions about this, accounting for national traditions and sociocultural aspects of clinical practice. These could integrate the advantages and disadvantages of the APA’s rubric towards an evolved ethical debate.