bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EvaluatingMaskR‐CNN models to extract terracing across oceanic high islands: A case study from Sāmoa
Authors: Quintus Seth , Davis Dylan S. , Cochrane Ethan E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLidar datasets have been crucial for documenting the scale and nature of human ecosystem engineering and land use. Automated analysis methods, which have been rising in popularity and efficiency, allow for systematic evaluations of vast landscapes. Here, we use a Mask R‐CNN deep learning model to evaluate terracing—artificially flattened areas surrounded by steeper slopes—on islands in American Sāmoa. Mask R‐CNN is notable for its ability to simultaneously perform detection and segmentation tasks related to object recognition, thereby providing robust datasets of both geographic locations of terracing features and their spatial morphometry. Using training datasets from across American Sāmoa, we train this model to recognize terracing features and then apply it to the island of Tutuila to undertake an island‐wide survey for terrace locations, distributions and morphologies. We demonstrate that this model is effective (F1 = 0.718), but limitations are also documented that relate to the quality of the lidar data and the size of terracing features. Our data show that the islands of American Sāmoa display shared patterns of terracing, but the nature of these patterns are distinct on Tutuila compared with the Manu'a island group. These patterns speak to the different interior configurations of the islands. This study demonstrates how deep learning provides a better understanding of landscape construction and behavioural patterning on Tutuila and has the capacity to expand our understanding of these processes on other islands beyond our case study.
BF3⋅Et2O‐Catalyzed Selective C‐4 Alkylation of Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones Employing p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: More Devidas A. , Ghotekar Ganesh S. , Muthukrishnan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe direct C‐4 alkylation of isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one moiety is a challenging transformation in organic synthesis. Here we present a practical and efficient synthesis of C‐4 alkylated isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones through conjugate addition of isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones to p‐quinone methides for the first time. The process is facilitated by Lewis acid catalysis and this operationally straightforward, mild, metal‐free and one‐pot transformation provides a wide range of C‐4 alkylated isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones at ambient temperature in good to excellent yields.
Advanced Electrode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Shen Qianqian , Xiong Jianzhen , Jiang Jiangmin , Ju Zhicheng , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) overcome the limitations of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs) and integrate the advantages of both, including high energy density, high power density, low cost, long cycle life, and stable electrochemical performance. However, the development of PIHCs is hindered by thermodynamic instability and kinetic hysteresis. Additionally, the dynamic mismatch between anode and cathode materials poses an urgent challenge. To this end, many research works related to material development have been dedicated to overcoming the drawbacks. In this review, the energy storage mechanism of PIHCs is briefly introduced. Moreover, the research progress and achievements of anode and cathode materials in recent years are reviewed, including carbon‐based materials, MXenes, transition metal materials, Prussian blue and its analogues. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PIHCs are proposed, together with guiding significant research directions in the future.
Selective inhibitory effects of suberosin on CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes
Authors: Paudel Sanjita , Jo Hyoje , Lee Taeho , Lee Sangkyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuberosin is a natural phytoconstituent isolated from Citropsis articulata, especially employed for its anticoagulant properties. Although metabolic studies assessing suberosin have been conducted, it is possible interactions with drugs and food have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the selective inhibitory effects of suberosin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using a cocktail probe assay. Various concentrations of suberosin (0–50 μM) were incubated with isoform‐specific CYP probes in human liver microsomes (HLMs). We found that suberosin significantly inhibited CYP1A2‐catalyzed phenacetin O‐deethylation, exhibiting IC50 values of 9.39 ± 2.05 and 3.07 ± 0.45 μM with and without preincubation in the presence of β‐NADPH, respectively. Moreover, suberosin showed concentration‐dependent, but not time‐dependent, CYP1A2 inhibition in HLMs, indicating that suberosin acts as a substrate and reversible CYP1A2 inhibitor. Using a Lineweaver‐Burk plot, we found that suberosin competitively inhibited CYP1A2‐catalyzed phenacetin O‐deethylation. Furthermore, suberosin showed similar inhibitory effects on recombinant human CYP1A1 and 1A2. In conclusion, suberosin may elicit herb–drug interactions by selectively inhibiting CYP1A2 during the concurrent administration of drugs that act as CYP1A2 substrates.
Effect of radiation sterilization on the ability to induce adipose regeneration in vivo in decellularized adipose‐derived matrix
Authors: Feng Jiayi , Qi Jun , Fu Su , Luan Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDecellularized adipose‐derived matrix (DAM), a biological scaffold that can induce adipose regeneration. The balance between its sterilization efficiency and its ability to maintain in situ adipose regeneration should be considered in terminal sterilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiation sterilization of cobalt‐60 (60Co)with different doses on adipogenesis induced by different forms of DAM, so as to reduce radiation dose under the premise of safe and effective sterilization and ensure adipogenesis induced by DAM in vivo.MethodsHigh dose (25 kGy) and low dose (5 kGy) radiation were used to sterilize freeze‐dried and wet DAM, respectively. The sterilization efficiency, macro and micro characteristics, mechanical and mechanical properties of DAM were compared, and then implanted into the immunocompromised mice to evaluate the adipose regeneration.ResultsUnder the two radiation doses, no microbial growth was found in the freeze‐dried and wet DAM sterility tests, and no significant changes were observed in the macro and micro structures. In terms of mechanical properties, the elastic modulus of high dose freeze‐dried DAM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). In vivo animal experiments, the freeze‐dried DAM irradiated with high dose almost completely lost its function of adipogenesis in vivo. Although the wet DAM irradiated with high dose could induce fat regeneration in the early stage, the adipocyte deformation and atrophy appeared in the later stage. The freeze‐dried and wet DAM after low dose irradiation was similar to the wet DAM without irradiation in the blank control, which could maintain excellent adipogenic and angiogenic functions in vivo.ConclusionHigh dose 60Co irradiation can completely destroy the ability of freeze‐dried DAM to induce adipose regeneration in situ, while low dose irradiation (5 kGy) can effectively sterilize the DAM without damaging in vivo induced adipose regeneration. Radiation has more damage to freeze‐dried DAM than wet DAM in adipogenesis properties.
An educational visual resource to support understanding of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Riggi Margot , Iwasa Janet H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn collaboration with educators and researchers, we created an online resource called Phase Separation 101 to help undergraduate students understand the basics of liquid–liquid phase separation, an emerging and complex concept in cell biology for which visual resources are still scarce. This work presents the workflow and visual communication strategies that we followed to build scientifically accurate visualizations of dynamic processes.
Carbon‐anchored Sb nanoparticles as high‐capacity and stable anode for aqueous alkaline batteries
Authors: Yu Yanxia , Qin Ruofei , Shi Xin , Xie Jinhao , Lu Tzu‐Hao , Lu Xihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAntimony (Sb) holds a high theoretic capacity and suitable redox potential as a promising anode for aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs). However, the uncontrollable nucleation for SbO2− and promiscuous water‐induced side reactions severely degrade the reversibility of Sb anode. Herein, the carbon‐anchored Sb nanoparticles are constructed to induce uniform Sb plating/stripping for high‐performance AABs. The experimental results reveal that the enhanced interaction between carbon and antimony as well as defective carbon can significantly improve the electrical conductivity and decrease the Sb nucleation overpotential. Accordingly, the as‐prepared Sb anode enables preferential plating of Sb rather than parasitic side reactions. As a result, the cycle life of A‐Sb/CF is sustained over 500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2. Even at the high capacity of 4 mAh cm−2, this anode can cycle stably for 225 cycles, which is significantly better than the Sb/CF counterpart. Furthermore, the assembled Ni3S2@Ni(OH)2//A‐Sb/CF full battery demonstrates a high capacity of 2.17 mAh cm−2 and a stable cycle life of over 500 cycles.
Electrospun Carbon Nanofibre‐Based Catalysts Prepared with Co and Fe Phthalocyanine for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Medium
Authors: Muuli Kaur , Mooste Marek , Akula Srinu , Gudkova Viktoria , Otsus Markus , Kikas Arvo , Aruväli Jaan , Treshchalov Alexey , Kisand Vambola , Tamm Aile , Krumme Andres , Cavaliere Sara , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA Pt‐free cathode catalyst is necessary for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to enable the widespread use of these environmentally friendly energy conversion devices at affordable price. Herein, a pyrolyzed electrospun carbon nanofibre (CNF) catalyst is prepared embedded with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and iron(II) phthalocyanine compounds to provide the transition metal N4‐macrocyclic complex‐derived sites (MNX) possessing better electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The physical characterisation showed the nanofibrous structure of catalyst with rough surface texture and considerable amount of N, Fe, and Co. The D−MN4−CNF−IL−A catalyst prepared using ionic liquid as a porogen displayed the best electrocatalytic activity for O2 electroreduction proceeding via 4e− pathway in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution with the ORR onset and half‐wave potential of 0.83 and 0.71 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively.
Centrohexaindane, a Unique Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Bearing the Rare Cq(Cq)4 Core: Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Parker Stewart F. , Fortes A. Dominic , Nye Daniel W. , Day Sarah J. , Kuck Dietmar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe structure and vibrational spectroscopy of centrohexaindane, 1, was investigated. This unusual molecule has a quaternary carbon atom that is coordinated to four further such quaternary carbon atoms as its core, each pair of which is bonded to an ortho‐phenylene unit. Previous NMR studies have shown that the molecule has tetrahedral (Td) symmetry in solution. The infrared and Raman spectra of chloroform and deuterochloroform solutions of 1 are completely in agreement with this conclusion, as the only modes that are visible are those allowed for Td symmetry. This is not the case in the solid state: X‐ray powder diffraction indicates that the unit cell is triclinic or monoclinic with a volume in excess of 4000 Å3. The vibrational spectroscopy is consistent with C1 site symmetry and the presence of at least two molecules in the primitive cell. It is likely that the space group is centrosymmetric.
Structural Conversion of Supramolecular Assembly in Solution by Thermally Induced Intramolecular Electron Transfer of [Co2Fe2] Complex
Authors: Mihara Nozomi , Shimamura Tomonari , Takayama Ryo , Shiga Takuya , Nihei Masayuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Masayuki Nihei at the University of Tsukuba. The image depicts the electron transfer‐triggered structural conversion of the supramolecular assembly of a [Co2Fe2] complex between reverse vesicles and entangled one‐dimensional chains. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300954.
The association of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 response with radiologic response and survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cai Quan‐Yu , Yang Ping , Yang Xiao‐Liang , Zhang Xiang‐Hua , Guo Lie‐Ping , Lu Xin‐Yuan , Huo Lei , Ma Hong‐Bin , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Zhou Hua‐Bang , Wu Lu , Jia Ning‐Yang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) in response assessment among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains unknown. The authors studied the association of the CA 19‐9 response (defined as a reduction >50% from baseline) with the radiologic response and the outcome in patients with unresectable iCCA.MethodsA prospective cohort of 422 patients who were initially diagnosed with unresectable iCCA, had baseline CA 19‐9 levels ≥100 U/mL, and received treatment with systemic therapies at the authors' institution between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study. The radiologic response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. A landmark assessment of the CA 19‐9 response and the radiologic response was performed. The associations between CA 19‐9 response and imaging response, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐seven patients (63.3%) had a CA 19‐9 response. A CA 19‐9 response was observed in 123 of 132 (93.2%) radiologic responders and in 144 of 290 (49.7%) radiologic nonresponders (p < .001). CA 19‐9 responders outperformed nonresponders in median PFS (10.6 vs. 3.6 months; hazard ratio [HR], 4.8 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8–6.0 months; p < .001) and OS (21.4 vs. 6.3 months; HR, 5.3 months; 95% CI, 4.2–6.7 months; p < .001). The common independent predictors of both OS and PFS included metastasis, CA 19‐9 nonresponder status, and radiologic nonresponder status in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsCA 19‐9 response is a valuable addition to assess tumor response and is associated with improved outcomes in patients with iCCA. Achieving a CA 19‐9 response should be one of the therapeutic objectives of patients with iCCA after systemic therapies.Plain language summary

A decline in carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels from elevated baseline levels should be one of the therapeutic aims of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who are managed with systemic therapies.
Interpretable data‐driven modeling of hyperelastic membranes
Authors: Salamatova Victoria , Liogky Alexey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe proposed an approach for interpretable data‐driven modeling of an isotropic incompressible hyperelastic membrane deformation. The approach is based on the response functions in terms of the Laplace stretch and the finite element method, where response functions are partial derivatives of a hyperelastic potential with respect to the chosen strain measure. The Laplace stretch as the strain measure allows us to recover directly the response functions from experimental data and construct automatically data‐driven constitutive relations. All needed formulas were obtained explicitly. We tested our approach for membrane inflation with data‐driven constitutive relations based on the perforated membrane extension tests.
Background‐Free Detection of Spin‐Exchange Dynamics at Ultra‐Low Magnetic Field
Authors: Kelley Michele , Bryden Nicholas , Atalla Sebastian William , Branca Rosa Tamara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUltra‐low field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and imaging (MRI) inherently suffer from a low signal‐to‐noise ratio due to the small thermal polarization of nuclear spins. Transfer of polarization from a pre‐polarized spin system to a thermally polarized spin system via the Spin Polarization Induced Nuclear Overhauser Effect (SPINOE) could potentially be used to overcome this limitation. SPINOE is particularly advantageous at ultra‐low magnetic field, where the transferred polarization can be several orders of magnitude higher than thermal polarization. Here we demonstrate direct detection of polarization transfer from highly polarized 129Xe gas spins to 1H spins in solution via SPINOE. At ultra‐low field, where thermal nuclear spin polarization is close to background noise levels and where different nuclei can be simultaneously detected in a single spectrum, the dynamics of the polarization transfer can be observed in real time. We show that by simply bubbling hyperpolarized 129Xe into solution, we can enhance 1H polarization levels by a factor of up to 151‐fold. While our protocol leads to lower enhancements than those previously reported under extreme Xe gas pressures, the methodology is easily repeatable and allows for on‐demand enhanced spectroscopy. SPINOE at ultra‐low magnetic field could also be employed to study 129Xe interactions in solutions.
Can Dative Bond Between Two Anions Possible?
Authors: Guha Ankur Kanti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFormation of a genuine chemical bond between two similarly charged fragments is beyond expectation. Any such interaction generally lies in the realm of non‐covalent interaction. Herein, formation of a strong dative covalent bond between two anionic fragments is reported for the first time. Calculation using ab initio coupled cluster theory reveals the formation of an unprecedented strong H3Be−←X−(X−=CH3−, CN−, OH−, F−) dative covalent bond. The calculated bond dissociation energies in polar solvents are significant, which indicates the possibility of their experimental realization.
A diagnostic subgroup comparison of health care utilization patterns in individuals with eating disorders diagnosed in childhood and/or adolescence
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Gayowsky Anastasia , Findlay Sheri , Webb Cheryl , Sami Sadaf , Chan Anthony , Chanchlani Rahul , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined a 2‐year period after diagnosis of an eating disorder to compare health care utilization in diagnostic subgroups including: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder (BED), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and other specified eating disorders (Other).MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of children diagnosed with AN (n = 674), BN (n = 230), BED (n = 59), ARFID (n = 171), and Other (n = 315). We used a general population cohort for comparison, matched 5:1 to the diagnostic subgroups on sex and birth date. We then conducted a separate analysis using the ARFID subgroup as a reference group compared to the other subgroups. Outcomes were determined using data linkage with health administrative databases and included hospitalizations, emergency department, general practitioner, psychiatry, and pediatrician visits. Odds ratios (dichotomous outcomes) and rate ratios (continuous outcome) were calculated.ResultsMental health care utilization was higher for all subgroups compared to the general population. When the subgroups were compared to the ARFID subgroup, those with ARFID appeared to have similar health care utilization to the other subgroups, except when compared to those with AN. The AN subgroup had higher odds of a mental health related hospitalization (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.5) higher rates of mental health related pediatrician visits (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.26–2.46) and psychiatry visits (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.07–2.68).ConclusionsThose with ARFID have similar utilization as other subtypes of eating disorders, except when compared to those with AN who have higher health care utilization.Public SignificanceOur study found that the health service needs of young people with all types of eating disorders are substantially higher than the general population, and it appears that Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) has similar health care utilization to other eating disorders.
Design of tables for the presentation and communication of data in ecological and evolutionary biology
Authors: Remshard Miriam , Queenborough Simon A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTables and charts have long been seen as effective ways to convey data. Much attention has been focused on improving charts, following ideas of human perception and brain function. Tables can also be viewed as two‐dimensional representations of data; yet, it is only fairly recently that we have begun to apply principles of design that aid the communication of information between the author and reader. In this study, we collated guidelines for the design of data and statistical tables. These guidelines fall under three principles: aiding comparisons, reducing visual clutter, and increasing readability. We surveyed tables published in recent issues of 43 journals in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology for their adherence to these three principles, as well as author guidelines on journal publisher websites. We found that most of the over 1000 tables we sampled had no heavy grid lines and little visual clutter. They were also easy to read, with clear headers and horizontal orientation. However, most tables did not aid the vertical comparison of numeric data. We suggest that authors could improve their tables by the right‐flush alignment of numeric columns typeset with a tabular font, clearly identify statistical significance, and use clear titles and captions. Journal publishers could easily implement these formatting guidelines when typesetting manuscripts.
Mitogenomic phylogeny of nymphalid subfamilies confirms the basal clade position of Danainae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Asghar , Shen Rongrong , Zhang Lan , Sheikh Taslima , Xing Jichun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships among the nymphalid subfamilies have largely been resolved using both morphological and molecular datasets, with the exception of a conflicting basal clade position for Libytheinae or Danainae that remains contentious between morphological and molecular studies. Several phylogenomic analyses have found that the danaine clade is sister to other nymphalid subfamilies; however, it largely depends on utilizing different molecular datasets, analysis methods, and taxon sampling. This study aimed to resolve the basal clade position and relationships among subfamilies and tribes of Nymphalinae by combining the most comprehensive available mitogenomic datasets with various analyses methods by incorporating a newSymbrenthia lilaeaHewitson sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships among 11 nymphalid subfamilies and the tribes of Nymphalinae were inferred by combining new and available mitogenomic sequence data from 80 ingroup and six outgroup species. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on five concatenated datasets: amino acid sequences and nucleotides from different combinations of protein‐coding genes (PCGs), ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNAs). Danainae is well‐supported as the basal clade and sister to the remaining nymphalid subfamilies, except for the paraphyletic Libytheinae. Libytheinae was either recovered as a sister to the danaine clade followed by the satyrine clade or sister to the nymphaline + heliconiine clades, and is consistent with recent phylogenetic studies on Nymphalidae. The monophyletic Nymphalinae has been recovered in all analyses and resolves tribal‐level relationships with high support values in both BI and ML analyses. We supported the monophyletic Nymphalini as a sister clade to Victorini, Melitaeini, and Kallimini + Junoniini with high supporting values in BI and ML analyses, which is consistent with previously published morphological and molecular studies.