bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirality coupling in topological magnetic textures with multiple magnetochiral parameters
Authors: Volkov Oleksii M. , Wolf Daniel , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Kákay Attila , Sheka Denis D. , Büchner Bernd , Fassbender Jürgen , Lubk Axel , Makarov Denys 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral effects originate from the lack of inversion symmetry within the lattice unit cell or sample’s shape. Being mapped onto magnetic ordering, chirality enables topologically non-trivial textures with a given handedness. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a static 3D texture characterized by two magnetochiral parameters being magnetic helicity of the vortex and geometrical chirality of the core string itself in geometrically curved asymmetric permalloy cap with a size of 80 nm and a vortex ground state. We experimentally validate the nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking effect in this object, which leads to the geometric deformation of the vortex string into a helix with curvature 3 μm−1 and torsion 11 μm−1. The geometric chirality of the vortex string is determined by the magnetic helicity of the vortex texture, constituting coupling of two chiral parameters within the same texture. Beyond the vortex state, we anticipate that complex curvilinear objects hosting 3D magnetic textures like curved skyrmion tubes and hopfions can be characterized by multiple coupled magnetochiral parameters, that influence their statics and field- or current-driven dynamics for spin-orbitronics and magnonics.
Precise programming of multigene expression stoichiometry in mammalian cells by a modular and programmable transcriptional system
Authors: Qin Chenrui , Xiang Yanhui , Liu Jie , Zhang Ruilin , Liu Ziming , Li Tingting , Sun Zhi , Ouyang Xiaoyi , Zong Yeqing , Zhang Haoqian M. , Ouyang Qi , Qian Long , Lou Chunbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContext-dependency of mammalian transcriptional elements has hindered the quantitative investigation of multigene expression stoichiometry and its biological functions. Here, we describe a host- and local DNA context-independent transcription system to gradually fine-tune single and multiple gene expression with predictable stoichiometries. The mammalian transcription system is composed of a library of modular and programmable promoters from bacteriophage and its cognate RNA polymerase (RNAP) fused to a capping enzyme. The relative expression of single genes is quantitatively determined by the relative binding affinity of the RNAP to the promoters, while multigene expression stoichiometry is predicted by a simple biochemical model with resource competition. We use these programmable and modular promoters to predictably tune the expression of three components of an influenza A virus-like particle (VLP). Optimized stoichiometry leads to a 2-fold yield of intact VLP complexes. The host-independent orthogonal transcription system provides a platform for dose-dependent control of multiple protein expression which may be applied for advanced vaccine engineering, cell-fate programming and other therapeutic applications.
A machine learning approach for corrosion small datasets
Authors: Sutojo Totok , Rustad Supriadi , Akrom Muhamad , Syukur Abdul , Shidik Guruh Fajar , Dipojono Hermawan Kresno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we developed a QSAR model using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitor compound. To overcome the small dataset problems, virtual samples are generated and added to the training set using a Virtual Sample Generation (VSG) method. The generalizability of the proposed KNN + VSG model is verified by using six small datasets from references and comparing their prediction performances. The research shows that for the six datasets, the proposed model is able to make predictions with the best accuracy. Adding virtual samples to the training data helps the algorithm recognize feature-target relationship patterns, and therefore increases the number of chemical quantum parameters correlated with corrosion inhibition efficiency. This proposed method strengthens the prospect of ML for developing material designs, especially in the case of small datasets.
Isolated Rh atoms in dehydrogenation catalysis
Authors: Wittkämper Haiko , Hock Rainer , Weißer Matthias , Dallmann Johannes , Vogel Carola , Raman Narayanan , Taccardi Nicola , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter , Hsieh Tzung-En , Maisel Sven , Moritz Michael , Wichmann Christoph , Frisch Johannes , Gorgoi Mihaela , Wilks Regan G. , Bär Marcus , Wu Mingjian , Spiecker Erdmann , Görling Andreas , Unruh Tobias , Steinrück Hans-Peter , Papp Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIsolated active sites have great potential to be highly efficient and stable in heterogeneous catalysis, while enabling low costs due to the low transition metal content. Herein, we present results on the synthesis, first catalytic trials, and characterization of the Ga9Rh2 phase and the hitherto not-studied Ga3Rh phase. We used XRD and TEM for structural characterization, and with XPS, EDX we accessed the chemical composition and electronic structure of the intermetallic compounds. In combination with catalytic tests of these phases in the challenging propane dehydrogenation and by DFT calculations, we obtain a comprehensive picture of these novel catalyst materials. Their specific crystallographic structure leads to isolated Rhodium sites, which is proposed to be the decisive factor for the catalytic properties of the systems.
Long-term concentration of tropical forest nutrient hotspots is generated by a central-place apex predator
Authors: de Miranda Everton B. P. , Peres Carlos A. , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApex predators typically affect the distribution of key soil and vegetation nutrients through the heterogeneous deposition of prey carcasses and excreta, leading to a nutrient concentration in a hotspot. The exact role of central-place foragers, such as tropical raptors, in nutrient deposition and cycling, is not yet known. We investigated whether harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja) in Amazonian Forests—a typically low soil fertility ecosystem—affect soil nutrient profiles and the phytochemistry around their nest-trees through cumulative deposition of prey carcasses and excreta. Nest-trees occurred at densities of 1.5–5.0/100 km2, and each nest received ~ 102.3 kg of undressed carcasses each year. Effects of nests were surprisingly negative over local soil nutrient profiles, with soils underneath nest-trees showing reductions in nutrients compared with controls. Conversely, canopy tree leaves around nests showed significant 99%, 154% and 50% increases in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. Harpy eagles have experienced a 41% decline in their range, and many raptor species are becoming locally extirpated. These are general examples of disruption in biogeochemical cycles and nutrient heterogeneity caused by population declines in a central-place apex predator. This form of carrion deposition is by no means an exception since several large raptors have similar habits.
Biomechanical comparison of four triangular osteosynthesis fixations for unilateral vertical sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Li Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo compare the stability and biomechanical characteristics of four commonly used triangular osteosynthesis techniques to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and provide a clinical application reference. Finite element models of Tile C-type pelvic ring injury (unilateral Denis II sacral fracture) were produced. In four models, sacral fractures were fixed with a combination of unilateral L5, unilateral L4, and L5 iliac lumbar fixation with lengthened or normal sacroiliac screws. The biomechanical properties of the four fixation models were measured and compared under bipedal stance and lumbar rotation. The fixation stability of the model with the lengthened sacroiliac screw was excellent, and the fracture end was stable. The stability of fixation using unilateral L4 and L5 segments was close to that of unilateral L5 segment fixation. Triangular osteosynthesis transverse stabilization devices using lengthened sacroiliac screws can increase the vertical stability of the sacrum after internal fixation and increase the stability of the fracture. When triangular osteosynthesis lumbar fixation segments were selected, simultaneous fixation of L4 and L5 segments versus only L5 segments did not significantly enhance the vertical stability of the sacrum or the stability of the fracture end.
A time fractional model of a Maxwell nanofluid through a channel flow with applications in grease
Authors: Khan Naveed , Ali Farhad , Ahmad Zubair , Murtaza Saqib , Ganie Abdul Hamid , Khan Ilyas , Eldin Sayed M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral scientists are interested in recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience. Grease is an essential component of many machines and engines because it helps keep them cool by reducing friction between their various elements. In sealed life applications including centralized lubrication systems, electrical motors, bearings, logging and mining machinery, truck wheel hubs, construction, landscaping, and gearboxes, greases are also utilized. Nanoparticles are added to convectional grease to improve its cooling and lubricating properties. More specifically, the current study goal is to investigate open channel flow while taking grease into account as a Maxwell fluid with MoS2 nanoparticles suspended in it. The Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivative is used to convert the issue from a linked classical order PDE to a local fractional model. To determine the precise solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions, two integral transform techniques the finite Fourier sine and the Laplace transform technique are jointly utilized. The resultant answers are physically explored and displayed using various graphs. It is important to note that the fractional model, which offers a variety of integral curves, more accurately depicts the flow behavior than the classical model. Skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are engineering-related numbers that are quantitatively determined and displayed in tabular form. It is determined that adding MoS2 nanoparticles to grease causes a 19.1146% increase in heat transmission and a 2.5122% decrease in mass transfer. The results obtained in this work are compared with published literature for the accuracy purpose.
Exploring the entropic nature of political polarization through its formulation as a isolated thermodynamic system
Authors: Mantzaris Alexander V. , Domenikos George-Rafael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolitical polarization has become an alarming trend observed in various countries. In the effort to produce more consistent simulations of the process, insights from the foundations of physics are adopted. The work presented here looks at a simple model of political polarization amongst agents which influence their immediate locality and how a entropy trace of the political discourse can be produced. From this model an isolated system representation can be formulated in respect to the changes in the entropy values across all variables of the system over simulation time. It is shown that a constant entropy value for the system can be calculated so that as the agents coalesce their opinions, the entropy trace in regards to political engagements decreases as the entropy value across non-political engagements increase. This relies upon an intrinsic constraint upon agents imposing a fixed number of activities per time point. As a result the simulation respects the second law of thermodynamics and provides insight into political polarization as a basin of entropy within an isolated system without making assumptions about external activities.
Tetracarbonates in silicate melts may be at the origin of a deep carbon reservoir in the deep Earth
Authors: Cerantola Valerio , Sahle Christoph J. , Petitgirard Sylvain , Wu Min , Checchia Stefano , Weis Christopher , Di Michiel Marco , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Collings Ines E. , Arató Róbert , Wilke Max , Jones Adrian P. , Hanfland Michael , Tse John S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch of Earth’s carbon may have been stripped away from the silicate mantle by dense metallic-iron during core formation. However, at deep magma ocean conditions carbon becomes less siderophile and thus large amounts of it may be stranded instead in the deep mantle. Here, we describe the structure and compaction mechanisms of carbonate glass to deep mantle pressures. Our results, based on non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations, demonstrate a pressure-induced change in hybridization of carbon from sp2 to sp3 starting at 40 GPa, due to the conversion of [3]CO32- groups into [4]CO44- units, which is completed at ~112 GPa. The pressure-induced change of carbon coordination number from three to four increases possibilities for carbon-oxygen interactions with lower mantle silicate melts. sp3 hybridized carbon provides a mechanism for changing the presumed siderophile nature of deep carbon, becoming a possible source for carbon-rich emissions registered at the surface in intra-plate and near-ridge hot spots.
Executive Function and Narrative Language Abilities in Emergent Bilingual Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Clark-Whitney Elysha , Melzi Gigliana 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
In light of the importance of preschool oral narrative skills as precursors to literacy, this exploratory study examined expressive language skills among emergent bilingual Latine preschoolers using a naturalistic personal narrative task. To understand the factors that support language use in the personal narrative context for this population, we examined the contribution of children's executive function (EF) skills to their narrative language abilities.

Method:
Children completed two subtests from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment to measure EF and produced two personal narratives in response to conversational prompts. A series of linear regressions were used to evaluate the relation between children's EF skills and their narrative production ability, narrative organization, and expressive language skills derived from automated analyses of narrative samples.

Results:
EF was found to predict children's ability to produce a personal narrative but not the language skills children demonstrated in these narratives.

Conclusions:
The current findings suggest that EF is implicated in emergent bilingual Latine children's narrative abilities. At the preschool age, the contribution of EF to narrative language production is apparent in the global task of producing a narrative, rather than in the organizational or linguistic features of the narrative. As such, supporting both EF and narrative skills might be an important means of facilitating preliteracy among bilingual children.
A unified distributed hierarchal control of a microgrid operating in islanded and grid connected modes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Yasir Ali , Liu Haoming , Zhang Ren , Guo Qi , Cai Haiqing , Huang Libin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo guarantee an uninterruptable power supply, a microgrid must be able to operate in both islanded and grid‐connected modes. Hence, it is required to synchronize the voltage phasor of the point of common coupling of the microgrid with the utility grid. Therefore, a distributed cooperative hierarchal control structure is proposed that seamlessly synchronized an islanded microgrid with the utility grid. A proposed method uses a leader‐follower based consensus to regulate the voltage phasor while ensuring proportionate load sharing. A synchronization controller is designed that uses an adjustable parameter to eliminate the voltage magnitude and phase mismatch, and transmit the regulated compensation signal to the leader DGs. The leader DGs transmits these signals to the follower DGs through a cyber‐channels. Moreover, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology rule and Lyapunov function based adaptive controllers are designed to update the secondary control law parameters in case of any disturbance or uncertainty. These adaptive techniques do not require prior knowledge about the microgrid topology, loads, and impedances thus enhancing the system performance. Furthermore, a small signal stability analysis is presented to facilitate the controller parameter design criteria. Finally, the robustness and effectiveness of proposed structure is verified through simulation results in different scenarios.
An optimized sliding‐mode observer control algorithm for vehicle sensor‐less PMSM
Authors: Jingbo Wu , Chengwei Xie , Zhijun Guo , Yongwei Wang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn optimized sliding‐mode observer control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed to solve the problems in the conventional sliding‐mode observer control algorithms (e.g., system chattering and phase delay). The proposed algorithm adopts a new piecewise function as a switching function to reduce system chattering. The low pass filter in the conventional sliding‐mode observer is substituted with a complex coefficient filter in the proposed algorithm to solve the phase delay caused by the low pass filter. Moreover, the counter emf back obtained using the filtering of the complex coefficient filter is reintroduced into the sliding‐mode observer to decrease the sliding‐mode gain coefficient and reduce chattering in the system. the simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional sliding‐mode observer control algorithm in reducing chattering, increasing the convergence speed, reducing torque pulsation, increasing speed estimation accuracy and coping with speed and load mutation.
Trends in Opioid Use Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty from 2016 to 2021: Have Improved Postoperative Opioid Protocols Decreased Usage?
Authors: Scanlon Christopher M. , Christensen Thomas H , Bieganowski Thomas , Rajahraman Vinaya , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy I 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have proposed protocols aimed at limiting the use of opioids following orthopedic surgery. However, current literature has not described the changing trends in opioid use over time. Therefore, the purpose of the present analysis was to determine how opioid use has changed following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) within the last 5 years.We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA at our institution between January 2016 and April 2021 with a minimum length of stay of one midnight. Demographic data including age, gender, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist classification as well as dosage and type of opioid medication prescribed on each postoperative day while in the hospital were collected. These data were converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MME) per day of hospitalization to facilitate comparison. Linear regression analysis was used to detect the significance of yearly trends in MME per day.We identified 7,897 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The greatest daily average opioid usage per patient was in 2016 (34.5 ± 77.5 MME/d) and the least was in 2021 (13.3 ± 16.5 MME/d). Our analysis demonstrated a significant linear downward trend in average daily postoperative opioid usage over time with an average decrease of 2.81 MME/d each year (R
2: 0.004; p< 0.001). Concerns regarding the negative effects of opioid pain medication following orthopedic surgery have encouraged the development of opioid-reducing protocols. The results of this analysis demonstrate the successful impact of these efforts on limiting opioid consumption during the hospital stay following primary THA. This is a level III evidence retrospective cohort study.
Development of a New Process for Tulobuterol Hydrochloride
Authors: Wu Chuan-Jun , Peng Peng , Xia Lin-Tao , Liu Xu , Yu Cai-Xia , Zheng Zhi-Bo , Zhao Chuan-Meng , Zhang Fu-Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTulobuterol is a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist and has been widely utilized as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma. Synthesis of tulobuterol has achieved many important progresses over the past decades and has gradually become one of the research hotspots in organic chemistry. This study aimed to explore a novel synthesis route to synthesize tulobuterol hydrochloride (1), an active ingredient of Chlobamolie Hydrochloride Tablets. In the study, 1 was obtained from the cost-effective, commercially available 2-chloroacetophenone through the key steps including the reactions of bromination, NaBH4 reduction, and amination. Process-related impurities were also investigated. 1 was obtained with excellent purity (99.96%) in 53% overall yield without the need for chromatographic purification. The developed method is green, facile, and cost-effective; thus, it is suitable for the industrial-scale production of 1.
Quantifying Alcohol Consumption in the General Population by Analysing Phosphatidylethanol Concentrations in Whole Blood: Results from 24,574 Subjects Included in the HUNT4 Study
Authors: Skråstad Ragnhild Bergene , Aamo Trond Oskar , Andreassen Trine Naalsund , Havnen Hilde , Hveem Kristian , Krokstad Steinar , Salvesen Øyvind , Spigset Olav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the association between self-reported alcohol consumption and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood in a large general population study, and discuss optimal cut-off PEth concentrations for defined levels of alcohol consumption.

Methods
Population based, longitudinal cohort study including 24,574 adults from The Trøndelag Health Study 4 (HUNT4) conducted in Trøndelag County, Norway. Data included PEth concentration, self-reported alcohol consumption and CAGE score.

Results
PEth levels in whole blood increased with the number of alcohol units consumed, the frequency of alcohol consumption, the frequency of binge drinking and the CAGE score (lifetime, i.e. ‘have you ever’). The cut-off concentrations with highest combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.057 μmol/l (40 ng/ml) for identification of those consuming &gt;1 alcohol unit per day (sensitivity 86%, specificity 76%), 0.087 μmol/l (61 ng/ml) for consuming &gt;2 units per day (sensitivity 87%, specificity 81%) and 0.122 μmol/l (86 ng/ml) for consuming &gt;3 alcohol units per day (sensitivity 80%, specificity 86%). By defining a CAGE score ≥ 2 as potentially harmful consumption, a cut-off of 0.100 μmol/l (70 ng/ml) identified 52% of all those subjects.

Conclusions
Cut-off limits of PEth concentrations should take into account the indication for sampling. Using cut-offs for the PEth concentrations of about 0.05 μmol/l (35 ng/ml) and 0.08 μmol/l (56 ng/ml) would identify about 90% of the subjects consuming more than 1 and 2 alcohol units per day, respectively. Concentrations above these cut-offs should lead to a more detailed interview related to alcohol use.