bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transposon insertion in the OsUBC12 promoter enhances cold tolerance during germination in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Fang Jun , Zhang Chuanzhong , Wang Hongru , Tian Xiaojie , Lin Xinyan , Han Yunfei , Han Zhongmin , Sha Hanjing , Liu Jia , Liu Jianfeng , Zhang Jian , Bu Qingyun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low-temperature germination (LTG) is an important agronomic trait for rice (Oryza sativa). Japonica rice generally has greater capacity for germination at low temperatures than the indica subpopulation. However, the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying this complex trait are poorly understood. Here, we report that OsUBC12, encoding an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, increases low-temperature germinability in japonica, owing to a transposon insertion in its promoter enhances its expression. Natural variation analysis revealed transposon insertion in the OsUBC12 promoter mainly in the japonica lineage. Notably, the genomic region carrying the japonica OsUBC12 locus (with the transposon insertion) has been introgressed into the modern elite indica two-line male sterile lines Y58S and J4155S. Further molecular analysis showed that OsUBC12 may negatively regulate ABA signaling. OsUBC12-regulated seed germination and ABA signaling mainly depend on a conserved active site required for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity. Furthermore, OsUBC12 directly associates with rice SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1.1 (OsSnRK1.1), promoting its degradation. In contrast to OsUBC12, OsSnRK1.1 inhibits LTG by enhancing ABA signaling. These findings shed light on the possible genomic contributions of introgressions of the japonica OsUBC12 locus to trait improvements of indica rice cultivars and provide genetic reference points for improving LTG in indica rice.
Free and open-source software for object detection, size, and colour determination for use in plant phenotyping
Authors: Wright Harry Charles , Lawrence Frederick Antonio , Ryan Anthony John , Cameron Duncan Drummond 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Object detection, size determination, and colour detection of optical images are tools commonly used in plant science. Key examples of this include identification of ripening stages of fruit such as tomatoes and the determination of chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant health. While methods exist for determining these important phenotypes, they often require proprietary software or require coding knowledge to adapt existing code.
Results
We provide a set of free and open-source Python scripts that, without any adaptation, are able to perform background correction and colour correction on images using a ColourChecker chart. Further scripts identify objects, use an object of known size to calibrate for size, and extract the average colour of objects in RGB, Lab, and YUV colour spaces. We use two examples to demonstrate the use of these scripts. We show the consistency of these scripts by imaging in four different lighting conditions, and then we use two examples to show how the scripts can be used. In the first example, we estimate the lycopene content in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) var. Tiny Tim using fruit images and an exponential model to predict lycopene content. We demonstrate that three different cameras (a DSLR camera and two separate mobile phones) are all able to model lycopene content. The models that predict lycopene or chlorophyll need to be adjusted depending on the camera used. In the second example, we estimate the chlorophyll content of basil (Ocimum basilicum) using leaf images and an exponential model to predict chlorophyll content.
Conclusion
A fast, cheap, non-destructive, and inexpensive method is provided for the determination of the size and colour of plant materials using a rig consisting of a lightbox, camera, and colour checker card and using free and open-source scripts that run in Python 3.8. This method accurately predicted the lycopene content in tomato fruit and the chlorophyll content in basil leaves.
Estimated Standard Values of Aerobic Capacity According to Sex and Age in a Japanese Population: A Scoping Review
Authors: Akiyama Hiroshi , Watanabe Daiki , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Aerobic capacity, which strongly determines health status, is the ability to sustain whole-body physical activity as fast and as long as possible. This study integrated previously reported data on the aerobic capacity (peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]/kg and anaerobic threshold [AT]/kg) of Japanese individuals. Additionally, we estimated the standard values of aerobic capacity according to sex and age in the Japanese population and compared them with those of the other countries’ populations.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of original articles on aerobic capacity in Japan and an umbrella review of review articles on aerobic capacity in other countries. PubMed, Ichushi-Web, and Google Scholar were used for the literature search. Two researchers independently reviewed and determined the included articles. The VO2peak/kg and AT/kg values by sex and age for Japan and other countries were extracted. Mean values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a meta-analysis.
Results
Twenty-three original articles and seven reviews from Japan and other countries, respectively, were included. Estimated standard values of VO2peak/kg (mL/kg/min) for Japanese men were: 47.6, 51.2, 43.2, 37.2, 34.5, 31.7, 28.6, and 26.3 (4–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years). In women, they were 42.0, 43.2, 33.6, 30.6, 27.4, 25.6, 23.4, 23.1 (4–9 to 70–79 years). Estimated standard values of AT/kg (mL/kg/min) for Japanese men were 21.1, 18.3, 16.8, 15.9, 15.8, and 15.2 (20–29 to 70–79 years). In women, they were 17.4, 17.0, 15.7, 15.0, 14.5, 14.2 (20–29 to 70–79 years). In Japanese individuals, VO2peak/kg (men: -7.0% per decade; women: -6.5% per decade) and AT/kg (men: -5.3% per decade; women: -4.1% per decade) declined after the age of 20 years. VO2peak/kg (men: -6.6%; women: -5.4%) and AT/kg (men: -19.5%; women: -11.8%) of individuals were lower in Japan than in other countries.
Conclusion
Herein, we present the estimated standard values of aerobic capacity according to sex and age in a Japanese population. The aerobic capacity declined after the age of 20 years and was lower in Japan than in other countries. The estimated standard values may be useful for establishing a reference value of the aerobic capacity for health promotion.
Calibration and test of discrete element model (DEM) for compound fertilizer particles in mechanized variable-rate application
Authors: Yuan Fahui , Yu Hanwen , Wang Lin , SHI Yinyan , Xiaochan WANG , Liu Hui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In order to obtain accurate discrete element simulation model (DEM) parameters of compound fertilizer and solve the problem of measuring parameters of contact mechanical properties of fertilizer particles, this study measured the intrinsic parameters and contact parameters of compound fertilizer particles through physical tests and established a simulation model that corresponds with the actual to solve the problem of challenging measurement of contact parameters of compound fertilizer particle.
Results
By using the Blackett-Burman test, the parameters that had a significant impact on the compound fertilizer's resting angle were determined to be the fertilizer-fertilizer collision recovery coefficient, fertilizer-fertilizer rolling friction coefficient, and fertilizer-steel static friction coefficient. Utilizing the steepest ascent test, the ideal value intervals for the three key parameters were identified. The Box-Burman response surface analysis was used to establish and optimize the regression model of the rest angle and significant parameters. With the actual rest angle as the target value, the best combination of significance parameters was found, which was used for the simulation verification test. The simulated rest angle is 20.61°, whereas the real rest angle was 19.95°, with a relative error of 3.31%.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate that the calibration parameters are essentially accurate representations of the real characteristics, which can serve as a reference point for simulation research and optimization design of variable fertilizer spreader.
Dynamic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Fracture and Dislocation via Kinematic MRI
Authors: liu Ao , Qiu Nan-hai , Zhong Xue-Ren , Fang Xiang , Liao Jun-Jian , Zhang Zhi-Peng , Zheng Pei-Feng , Hu Yong-Yu , Hu Kong-He , Xiong Ying-Hui , Lu Lin-Jun , Xi Xin-Hua , Wu Qiang , Bao Yong-Zheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The pattern of changes in the cervical spine and the spinal cord and their dynamic characteristics in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic changes in the cervical spine and spinal cord from C2/3 to C7/T1 in different positions using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University.
Methods
Using median sagittal T2-weighted images for 16 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation who underwent cervical kinematic MRI, the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, posterior space available for the cord from C2/3 to C7/T1, and Muhle’s grade were determined. The spinal canal diameter was calculated by adding the anterior space available for the cord, spinal cord diameter, and posterior space available for the cord.
Results
Anterior space available for the cord, posterior space available for the cord, and spinal canal diameter at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly higher than those from C3/4 to C6/7. Muhle’s grades at C2/3 and C7/T1 were significantly lower than those at the other levels. Spinal canal diameter was lower in extension than in the neutral and flexion positions. In the operated segments, significantly lesser space was available for the cord (anterior space available for the cord + posterior space available for the cord) and the spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio was higher compared with C2/3, C7/T1, and non-operated segments.
Conclusion
Kinematic MRI demonstrated dynamic pathoanatomical changes, such as canal stenosis in different positions, in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation. The injured segment had a small canal diameter, high Muhle’s grade, low space available for the cord, and high spinal cord diameter/spinal canal diameter ratio.
Evaluation of Using Topical Bromfenac as an Adjunctive Treatment with Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Gabr Ahmed Fathy , Kamel Marian Faried , Barawy Ahmed Abdalla El 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the safety and efficacy of adding topical bromfenac 0.09% in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
Methods
Seventy patients (70 eyes) with centre involved diabetic macular edema (DME) with macular thickness (300-500um) were included. Patients were divided randomly into two groups; 35 eyes in each group. Both groups were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab monthly for three consecutive months. Bromfenac 0.09% eye drops twice daily was added to treatment of study group for six months from commencement of treatment. Efficacy of topical bromfenac was evaluated by comparing both groups through follow-up period as regards to visual acuity, central retinal thickness and the need of re-injection.
Results
Patients treated with topical bromfenac in addition to intravitreal ranibizumab revealed significant improvement in visual acuity, more reduction in central and average macular thickness; and less tendency to need reinjection compared to those treated with ranibizumab alone (p 0.013, p 0.010 and p 0.022 respectively).
Conclusion
Topical bromfenac 0.09 % twice a day could enhance and sustain the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema without increase incidence of corneal side effects.
A unifying criterion of the boiling crisis
Authors: Zhang Limiao , Wang Chi , Su Guanyu , Kossolapov Artyom , Aguiar Gustavo Matana , Seong Jee Hyun , Chavagnat Florian , Phillips Bren , Rahman Md Mahamudur , Bucci Matteo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We reveal and justify, both theoretically and experimentally, the existence of a unifying criterion of the boiling crisis. This criterion emerges from an instability in the near-wall interactions of bubbles, which can be described as a percolation process driven by three fundamental boiling parameters: nucleation site density, average bubble footprint radius and product of average bubble growth time and detachment frequency. Our analysis suggests that the boiling crisis occurs on a well-defined critical surface in the multidimensional space of these parameters. Our experiments confirm the existence of this unifying criterion for a wide variety of boiling surface geometries and textures, two boiling regimes (pool and flow boiling) and two fluids (water and liquid nitrogen). This criterion constitutes a simple mechanistic criterion to predict the boiling crisis, also providing a guiding principle for designing boiling surfaces that would maximize the nucleate boiling performance.
A hybrid machine learning model for in-process estimation of printing distance in laser Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Ribeiro Kandice Suane Barros , Núñez Henrique Hiram Libutti , Venter Giuliana Sardi , Doude Haley Rubisoff , Coelho Reginaldo Teixeira 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There are several parameters that highly influence material quality and printed shape in laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) operations. These parameters are usually defined for an optimal combination of energy input (laser power, scanning speed) and material feed rate, providing ideal bead geometry and layer height to the printing setup. However, during printing, layer height can vary. Such variation affects the upcoming layers by changing the printing distance, inducing printing to occur in defocus zone then cumulatively increasing shape deviation. In order to address such issue, this paper proposes a novel intelligent hybrid method for in-process estimating the printing distance ( \(Z_s\) ) from melt pool images acquired during L-DED. The proposed hybrid method uses transfer learning to combine pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) for an accurate yet computationally fast methodology. A dataset with \(2,700\) melt pool images was generated from the deposition of lines, at \(60\) different values of $Z_s$, and used for training. The best hybrid algorithm trained performed with a Mean Average Error (MAE) of \(0.266\) , which indicates an average target error of \(6.7%\) . The deployment of this algorithm in an application dataset allowed the printing distance to be estimated and the final part geometry to be inferred from the data. Thus, the present method can aid on-line feedback control on the Z-axis increment, to regulate layer height, improving 3D shape geometry in L-DED.
A High Curing Efficiency Sucrose-based Adhesive via two-step modification by Toluene-4-sulfonic Acid and Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate
Authors: Lin Qiumu , Cai Wenqian , Zhang Xue , Zhang Wang , Xia Xuanyuan , Zhao Zhongyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sucrose-based adhesives utilize renewable biomass material sucrose as the main ingredient, which are eco-friendly and non-toxic, making them attractive potential substitutes for formaldehyde-based wood adhesives. However, wood-based panel processing using sucrose-based adhesives requires extraordinary harsh conditions with high hot-pressing temperatures (≥170 ℃), limiting practical applications. In this study, the sucrose-based adhesive (SD adhesive) was modified by toluene-4-sulfonic acid (TsOH) and methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in two steps. The sucrose-based solution (SS) of the optimal adhesive in the study (SDTM20 adhesive) was synthesized with 5%TsOH catalyst at 100 ℃ for 3h, and then 20%MDI curing agent was added, followed by mixing. After that, the curing behavior, curing mechanism and microscopic characterization was used to analyze the optimal prepared materials. The wet shear strength (0.80 MPa) of the prepared adhesive meets the GB/T 9846-2015 China National Standard (≥0.7 MPa). 13C NMR showed that the TsOH catalyst promoted the formation of aromatic compounds, oligosaccharides and carbonyls, and the 5-HMF content of the SS in SDTM20 adhesive (44.0 g/L) was 158.8% higher than that of SD adhesive. In addition, the thermal curing behavior of SDTM20 adhesive was explained by changes in insoluble mass proportion (IMP) and TG-DSC thermal analysis. From the IMP measurement, SDTM20 adhesive (61.2%) increased by 141.9% compared with the SD adhesive. Additionally, in TG-DTG and DSC curves, the rapid weight loss temperature (145.1 ℃) corresponded to the endothermic reaction temperature (135.3 ℃), implying that the main curing reaction occurred at approximately 140 ℃, indicating that it is possible to improve curing efficiency of SD adhesive. ATR-FTIR was used to evaluate the curing mechanism of the SDTM20 adhesive. After adding TsOH/MDI, the dehydration reaction of sucrose, caramelization reaction, and Maillard reaction were accelerated to improve the curing efficiency. A complex polymeric cross-linking network structure with isocyanurate rings was generated, mainly connected by dimethyl ether bridges. SEM analysis of the microstructure of the adhesive revealed unknown crystal substances and small bubble pores on the fracture surface of the modified SDTM adhesive, showing that a novel cross-linking reaction had occurred.
Does Common Ownership Cause Higher Prices? Evidence from Retail Gasoline Markets
Authors: Sladden Nicholas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The ownership of competing firms by investment funds, or common ownership, can cause anti-competitive product market outcomes. This paper examines the price effects of common ownership in the Western Australian (WA) retail gasoline market. Using a rich data set of daily, station-level petrol prices, I exploit the acquisition of Puma Energy by Chevron which delivered a significant shock to common ownership in the market. Through a difference-in-differences framework, I estimate that prices increased by 1.54 cents per litre on average at BP stations that had increased common ownership relative to unaffected BP stations, representing a 20% increase in margins.
JEL classification: G23, G34, L13, L22, L41, Q41.
Are the interglacial epochs analogue of the Asian-African monsoon response to global warming?
Authors: Wang Yuhao , He Chao , Li Tim , Zhang Chengming , Gu Xiaoli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Precipitation was claimed to increase over Asian and North African monsoon (AAM) regions during past interglacial epochs and also under future global warming scenarios. Using CMIP6 model experiments, this study compares the changes of AAM in interglacial epochs to global warming. Moisture budget analysis shows that the increased monsoon rainfall during interglacial epochs primarily results from the dynamic process associated with strengthened monsoon circulation, but is caused by thermodynamic process under global warming associated with increased mean moisture. To disentangle the mechanism for the distinct changes in vertical and horizontal monsoon circulation, we further decompose the response of AAM to global warming into the direct effect from CO2 radiative forcing and the indirect effect due to increased sea surface temperature (SST), based on idealized CMIP6 experiments. The results show that the effect of direct CO2 radiative forcing on the AAM is an analogue to that in interglacial epochs driven by enhanced land-ocean equivalent potential temperature contrast, both of which are characterized by strengthened vertical and horizontal monsoon circulation despite regional difference. However, the above effect is overwhelmed by the substantially increased SST under global warming, which is absent during interglacial epochs. The substantial SST warming acts to weaken the monsoon circulation by decreasing the land-ocean equivalent potential temperature contrast and enhancing the atmospheric static stability. Our results demonstrate that the interglacial epoch is not an analogue of the AAM response to global warming, and the lack of global SST warming is responsible for their difference.
Effect of chemotherapy and different chemotherapy regimens on bone health among Chinese breast cancer women in different menstrual status: a self-control study
Authors: Peng Bai-qing , Wu Juan , Tian Shen , Qu Xiu-quan , Liang Xin-yu , Feng Jun-han , Chen Yu-ling , She Rui-ling , Ma Chen-yu , Song Jing-yu , Li Zhao-xing , Jiang Zhi-yu , Wu Kai-nan , Kong Ling-quan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although the therapy-related bone loss attracts increasing attention nowadays, the differences in chemotherapy-induced bone loss and bone metabolism indexes change among BC women with different menstrual statuses or chemotherapy regimens are unknown. The aim of the study is to explore the effects of different regimens of chemotherapy on bone health.
Method
The self-control study enrolled 118 BC patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral density (BMD) screening and (or) bone metabolism indexes monitoring during chemotherapy at Chongqing Breast Cancer Center. Mann-Whitney U test, Cochran's Q test and Wilcoxon sign rank test were performed.
Results
After chemotherapy, the BMD in the lumbar 1-4 and whole lumbar statistically decreased (-1.8% /per six month), leading to a significantly increased proportion of osteoporosis (27.1% vs. 20.5%, P < 0.05), which were mainly seen in the premenopausal group (-7.0% /per six month). Of the chemotherapeutic regimens of EC (epirubicin+cyclophosphamide), TC(docetaxel+cyclophosphamide), TEC (docetaxel+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide), EC-T(H) [epirubicin+cyclophosphamide-docetaxel and/or trastuzumab], EC regimen had the least adverse impact on BMD, while the EC-TH regimen reduced BMD most(P < 0.05) in spite of the none-statistical difference between EC-T regimen, which was mainly seen in the postmenopausal group. Except the postmenopausal population with calcium/VitD supplement, the albumin-adjusted calcium increased significantly(2.21mmol/L vs. 2.33 mmol/L, P < 0.05) after chemotherapy. In postmenopausal group with calcium/VitD supplement,β-CTX decreased significantly(0.56ng/ml vs. 0.39ng/ml, P < 0.05) and BMD weren’t affected by chemotherapy (P > 0. 05). In premenopausal group with calcium/VitD supplement, PTH decreased significantly (52.90pg/ml vs. 28.80pg/ml, P=0. 008) and hip BMD increased after chemotherapy (0.845g/m2 vs. 0.952g/m2, P=0. 006). As for both postmenopausal and premenopausal group without calcium/VitD supplement, there was a significant decrease in bone mass in hip and lumbar vertebrae after chemotherapy (0.831g/m2 vs. 0.776g/m2; 0.895g/m2 vs. 0.870g/m2, P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Chemotherapy might induce lumbar vertebrae BMD loss and spine osteoporosis with regimen differences among Chinese BC patients. Calcium/VitD supplementation could improve bone turnover markers, bone metabolism indicators and bone mineral density. Early interventions on bone health are needed for BC patients during chemotherapy.