bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clashing Roles and Identities of EL Teachers during Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning
Authors: Morita‐Mullaney Trish , Cushing‐Leubner Jenna , Benegas Michelle , Greene Michelle C. S. , Stolpestad Amy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL) and the closure of schools due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, teachers of multilingual students were positioned to adopt varied outreach methods to sustain access to education among multilingual families. Prior to ERTL, instruction in schools was socially situated as having greater institutional value relative to service‐oriented tasks, yet service‐related needs, including health and human services and/or access to technology increased during the physical closure of schools. EL teachers took on more service‐related tasks for their MLL families and did so by assuming, negotiating and resisting particular roles; a reflexive and interactional process. Using theories of teacher positioning and language teacher identity, we examined the experiences of EL teachers in the Great Lakes Region of the US. Findings demonstrate that few EL teachers resisted roles within instruction and service during ERTL, a critical dimension of teacher identity transformation and advocacy for MLLs. As we move into recovery from the COVID‐19 pandemic and into a Remote Teaching and Learning (RTL) period, implications suggest that when EL teachers’ roles and identities are incongruous, resilience can be fostered informing a unique form of agency and teacher leadership; a necessary characteristic for an equity‐informed education.
Bromide reactivity in topsoil: Implications for use as a “conservative” tracer in assessing quantity and quality of water
Authors: Albers Christian Nyrop , Rosenbom Annette Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBromide is a frequently used conservative tracer in soil leaching studies, including studies on contaminant leaching from arable topsoils. However, bromide often does not behave conservatively. Biogeochemists have known for many years that in natural soils, bromide is converted into organic bromine in a process known as bromination. However, bromination is seldom used as an explanation of non‐conservative leaching behavior by soil hydrologists. In a controlled small‐scale lysimeter study with arable soil we demonstrate such nonconservative behavior of bromide in opposition to control columns with fine gravel/coarse sand. By combining a literature review with the lysimeter study, we demonstrate the potential importance of bromination in topsoil and that bromination cannot be ignored, when interpreting bromide tracer experiments in arable soils. We also highlight the need for further studies on the processes of bromination and remineralization, to be able to account for these when conducting bromide leaching assessments.
Interactions between sediment processes and ecosystem responses in the Green Bay of Lake Michigan
Authors: Khazaei Bahram , Bravo Hector R. , Hamidi Sajad A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEstuaries, in particular freshwater estuaries, provide valuable economic, social, and ecological services, but their ecosystems are often heavily stressed. Located in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, Green Bay is a large freshwater estuary and a prominent example of a degraded ecosystem due to intensive human interventions and rapid development. Excessive amounts of contaminants and nutrients were discharged to the bay by inflowing tributaries for almost half a century, while in contrast Green Bay's seasonal‐, morphological‐, and physically‐restricted mixing is unable to export a significant portion of those materials out of the bay, that is, Green Bay behaves as an efficient retention basin for the Lake Michigan. Consequently, several environmental and public health‐related issues have risen in Green Bay and turned the lower bay into an area of environmental concern since the 1980s. To address these challenges, restoration programs were developed, including the development of monitoring programs, scientific research, and remedial action plans. There is a consensus that accelerated loading rates of contaminated and nutrient‐rich sediments are a major driver of the environmental crisis in the bay, yet the fate and transport patterns of Green Bay sediments are not clearly understood. While field observations in Green Bay are season‐limited and costly, advanced computing techniques provided opportunities to refine our understanding of sediment dynamics in this estuarine system. This review of existing knowledge on Green Bay sediment processes can help to better understand the interplay between sediments, and physical/biogeochemical activities in estuarine systems and contributes conceptually to the restoration of degraded aquatic ecosystems.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Distinct Alterations in Oxygenation, Ion Composition and Acid-Base Balance in Cerebral Collaterals During Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Feick Jörn , Pham Mirko , März Alexander G. , Vogt Marius L. , Strinitz Marc , Stoll Guido , Schuhmann Michael K. , Kollikowski Alexander M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Disturbances of blood gas and ion homeostasis including regional hypoxia and massive sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) shifts are a hallmark of experimental cerebral ischemia but have not been sufficiently investigated for their relevance in stroke patients.

Methods
We report a prospective observational study on 366 stroke patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation (18 December 2018–31 August 2020). Intraprocedural blood gas samples (1 ml) from within cerebral collateral arteries (ischemic) and matched systemic control samples were obtained according to a prespecified protocol in 51 patients.

Results
We observed a significant reduction in cerebral oxygen partial pressure (−4.29%, paO2ischemic = 185.3 mm Hg vs. paO2systemic = 193.6 mm Hg; p = 0.035) and K+ concentrations (−5.49%, K+ischemic = 3.44 mmol/L vs. K+systemic = 3.64 mmol/L; p = 0.0083). The cerebral Na+:K+ ratio was significantly increased and negatively correlated with baseline tissue integrity (r = −0.32, p = 0.031). Correspondingly, cerebral Na+ concentrations were most strongly correlated with infarct progression after recanalization (r = 0.42, p = 0.0033). We found more alkaline cerebral pH values (+0.14%, pHischemic = 7.38 vs. pHsystemic = 7.37; p = 0.0019), with a time-dependent shift towards more acidotic conditions (r = −0.36, p = 0.055).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that stroke-induced changes in oxygen supply, ion composition and acid-base balance occur and dynamically progress within penumbral areas during human cerebral ischemia and are related to acute tissue damage.
Dermato-neurologisches Syndrom – eine akute und lebensbedrohliche Komplikation des Skleromyxödems Arndt-Gottron
Authors: Linse Kai-Philipp , Enk Alexander , Hoffmann Jochen 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Skleromyxödem Arndt-Gottron ist die systemische Variante des Lichen myxoedematosus. Kennzeichnend sind Muzinablagerungen im Bereich der Dermis mit Ausbildung von Papeln und flächigen Indurationen. Der Verlauf ist häufig chronisch progredient und extrakutane Manifestationen bzw. Komplikationen sind möglich. Meist liegt eine monoklonale Gammopathie vor. Die Pathogenese ist unbekannt. Als effektive Therapieoption gelten hochdosierte intravenöse Immunglobuline (IVIg). Wir berichten über eine Patientin mit Skleromyxödem, bei der im Rahmen einer SARS-CoV-2-bedingten Therapieunterbrechung ein infektgetriggertes dermato-neurologisches Syndrom auftrat. Eine ähnliche Episode ereignete sich bereits 2 Jahre zuvor im Rahmen einer Influenza-A-Infektion gegen Ende des IVIg-Infusionsintervalls. Bei dem dermato-neurologischen Syndrom handelt es sich um eine besonders schwerwiegende, potenziell lebensbedrohliche, akute neurologische Komplikation mit Fieberschüben, deliranter Symptomatik, epileptischen Anfälle und Koma.
Worldviews, values and perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector
Authors: Blair Kirsty Joanna , Moran Dominic , Alexander Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe livestock sector is under increasing pressure to respond to numerous sustainability and health challenges related to the production and consumption of livestock products. However, political and market barriers and conflicting worldviews and values across the environmental, socio-economic and political domains have led to considerable sector inertia, and government inaction. The processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives in this space, and that shape action (or inaction), are currently under-researched. This paper presents results of a mixed methods exploration of the influence of environmental worldviews, values, and demographic factors on perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector. The approach combines survey and interview data derived from a sample of livestock representatives (N = 307). Respondents with higher pro-environmental, ecocentric and relational worldviews and values favour more behaviour-oriented solutions. Those with lower pro-environmental and higher techno-centric worldviews and values favour technological solutions to improve the efficiency of production and to enable continued patterns of meat consumption. Demographic variation and qualitative data emphasise the need to recognise cultural and geographic nuance in narratives. This study improves our understanding of the processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives, enabling the development of more holistic solutions that acknowledge all voices in an increasingly polarised debate. Adopting more pluralistic, relational methodologies will therefore be paramount in developing solutions for sustainable livestock futures.
A generalization of the increasing generalized failure rate unimodality condition
Authors: Leonardos Stefanos , Koki Constandina , Melolidakis Costis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study unimodality conditions for distributions that describe markets with stochastic demand. Such conditions naturally emerge in the analysis of game-theoretic models of market competition (Cournot games) and supply chain coordination (Stackelberg games). We express the price elasticity of expected demand in terms of the mean residual life (MRL) function of the demand distribution and characterize optimal prices or equivalently, points of unitary elasticity, as fixed points of the MRL function. This leads to economic interpretable conditions on the demand distribution under which such fixed points exist and are unique. We find that markets with increasing price elasticity of expected demand that eventually become elastic correspond to distributions with decreasing generalized mean residual life (DGMRL) and finite second moment. DGMRL distributions strictly generalize the widely used increasing generalized failure rate (IGFR) distributions. We further elaborate on the relationship of the two classes, link their limiting behavior at infinity and examine moment and closure properties of DGMRL distributions that are important in economic applications. The DGMRL unimodality condition is useful in the analysis of optimal decisions under uncertainty in settings that are not covered by the widely-used IGFR condition; thus, it can be of broader interest to the game-theory and operations research literature.
Characterization of bacterial communities in ticks parasitizing cattle in a touristic location in southwestern China
Authors: Xiang Yulong , Zhou Jingzhu , Yu Fuxun , Zhang Yan , Li Shijun , Hu Yong , Liang Wenqin , Liu Qiyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate tick species around Mount Fanjing and analyze bacterial communities in two species – Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornis – parasitizing cattle in Tongren, Guizhou province, Southwest China, using high-throughput sequencing methods. In April 2019, ticks were collected from five sites in Jiangkou County, Yinjiang County, and Songtao County. In total, 296 ticks were collected, comprising two genera and three species: H. longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and R. microplus. Rhipicephalus microplus was the most representative species (57.4%) within the collected group, being the dominant species in Tongren City, followed by H. longicornis (39.5%) and H. flava (3.0%). Beta-diversity analysis revealed differences in bacterial community composition among the tick species. The bacterial community structure of R. microplus collected in the three counties was highly similar. Chlorella and Bacillus were highly abundant in H. longicornis. Rickettsia was detected at high relative abundance in R. microplus but in low relative abundance in H. longicornis, suggesting that Rickettsia is more associated with R. microplus than with H. longicornis. More in-depth investigations are needed to determine the pathogenic risk of Rickettsia and its relationship with the host. This is the first survey on tick-borne bacterial communities in this area, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases locally.
Production of nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal powder via electrospray drying (ESD) for sustainable composites
Authors: Sanders J. Elliott , Wang Lu , Brinkley Gabriella , Gardner Douglas J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis research introduces the use of electrospray drying (ESD) using the electro-hydro dynamic atomization (EHDA) mechanism to produce dry nano-scale cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) powder from a 3 wt% aqueous suspension. The nano-scale CNC suspensions being mostly water are energy intensive to dry. Gas atomization in convection spray drying (SD) produces micron-scale CNC powder during dehydration. The ESD mechanism utilizes coulomb repulsion to overcome the suspension’s liquid surface tension and produces ultra-fine droplets. The droplets dehydrate after falling a fixed distance at atmospheric temperature and pressure, leaving nano-scale powder CNCs. Drying CNCs in suspension occurred after reducing the liquid’s surface tension by mixing 40% (wt) ethanol and 60 (wt) de-ionized (DI) water. The suspension feed rate was optimized at 6 µL min−1 and four syringes were employed to increase CNC powder production rates. Particle dimensions, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measured by image analysis software, ranged from 40 to 1200 nm in length and 10–500 nm in width. Up to 80% of the sprayed CNCs in suspension were recovered from a parallel plate collector and contained ~ 5 wt% water content. Adding 0.5 wt% nano-scale powder CNCs in the poly-lactic acid (PLA) tensile strength by 10.3% and elastic modulus by 9.9%. The tensile yield strength and elastic modulus of nano-scale CNC/PLA composite specimens were 62.5 MPa and 3.66 GPa, respectively. For comparison, 0.5 wt% SD micron scale CNC/PLA composite only increased strength 5.1 and stiffness 1.3% at the same processing conditions.
Graphical abstract
Factors that mediate the success of the use of online platforms to support learning: the view of university teachers
Authors: Rueda-Gómez Karol Lisette , Rodríguez-Muñiz Luis J. , Muñiz-Rodríguez Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe goal of this research is to analyze the factors that mediate the success of the use of online learning support platforms, based on the perceptions of a focus group of university professors, with a qualitative methodological approach. The sample consisted of 11 mathematics professors who taught three subjects to 9 240 incoming students, during seven semesters between 2018 and 2021. Through open coding, 17 factors were identified that mediate the success of the online learning support platform. Through axial coding, 5 categories were determined that summarize the relationships between the different factors, namely: obstacles, impediments that teachers must face when teaching; teacher contribution, factors that indicate the added value that teachers find in the classroom from the implementation of online training; student, reception given by students to the online training; reinforcement, factors related to the medium used to develop the online training; platform, factors related to the strategy itself and how to improve it. Finally, through selective coding, it was possible to integrate and redefine the central categories, obtaining as a result an implementation model of the online platform, which can explain and contribute to the success of other similar experiences at the university level.
Future land-use change predictions using Dyna-Clue to support mosquito-borne disease risk assessment
Authors: Rakotoarinia Miarisoa Rindra , Seidou Ousmane , Lapen David R. , Leighton Patrick A. , Ogden Nicholas H. , Ludwig Antoinette 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMosquitoes are known vectors for viral diseases in Canada, and their distribution is driven by climate and land use. Despite that, future land-use changes have not yet been used as a driver in mosquito distribution models in North America. In this paper, we developed land-use change projections designed to address mosquito-borne disease (MBD) prediction in a 38 761 km2 area of Eastern Ontario. The landscape in the study area is marked by urbanization and intensive agriculture and hosts a diverse mosquito community. The Dyna-CLUE model was used to project land-use for three time horizons (2030, 2050, and 2070) based on historical trends (from 2014 to 2020) for water, forest, agriculture, and urban land uses. Five scenarios were generated to reflect urbanization, agricultural expansion, and natural areas. An ensemble of thirty simulations per scenario was run to account for land-use conversion uncertainty. The simulation closest to the average map generated was selected to represent the scenario. A concordance matrix generated using map pair analysis showed a good agreement between the simulated 2020 maps and 2020 observed map. By 2050, the most significant changes are predicted to occur mainly in the southeastern region’s rural and forested areas. By 2070, high deforestation is expected in the central west. These results will be integrated into risk models predicting mosquito distribution to study the possibility of humans’ increased exposure risk to MBDs.
No Reason to Worry About German Mortgages? An Analysis of Macroeconomic and Individual Drivers of Credit Risk
Authors: Barasinska Nataliya , Haenle Philipp , Koban Anne , Schmidt Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the macroeconomic and borrower-specific credit risk factors of residential real estate mortgages in Germany. Relying on a macroeconomic panel VAR model, we show a significant link between foreclosures, house price dynamics and unemployment. Using microeconomic regressions, we show that defaults are driven mostly by income and liquidity rather than loan-to-value (LTV) ratios. Based on those insights, we calibrate a structural model which predicts a significant increase in mortgage losses in a stress scenario, driven only partially by high-LTV loans. Hence, from a macroprudential perspective our findings support the need for a broad toolkit going beyond LTV-limits.
Evolutionary combination of connected event schemas into meaningful plots
Authors: Gervás Pablo , Méndez Gonzalo , Concepción Eugenio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany of the stories we are exposed to are built from small schemas of connected events involving a set of characters–boy meets girl leads to a relationship or crime leads to revenge. The present paper proposes an evolutionary solution to the task of putting together a story by combining a set of such schemas. This approach presents three challenges: how to mix up the elements in the different schemas, how to instantiate the characters across the schemas and how to tell acceptable combinations from the rest. The present paper applies an evolutionary solution that relies on a genetic representation for these combinations of schemas, and applies as fitness functions a set of metrics on compatibility constraints across schema combinations. Outputs of this procedure are evaluated by human judges in comparison with baseline solutions in which the values for genes are assigned at random. The proposed solution generates a population of story drafts that resemble plot descriptions for simple stories. The results of the comparative evaluation by human judges are positive. The genetic representation of pattern combinations and the metrics on compatibility across pattern pairs provide a valid evolutionary solution for constructing simple plots.
Template-Based Generator for Single-Choice Questions
Authors: Willert Nico , Thiemann Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManual composition of tasks and exams is a challenging and time-consuming task. Especially when exams are taken remotely without the personal monitoring by examiners, most exams can easily lose their integrity with the use of previously done exercises or student communication. This research introduces an approach that incorporates the principles of the generative software development and aspects of the feature-oriented product line engineering process into the field of question creation and generation. The resulting generator can be used to generate single-choice-question-families by means of written question templates. The generated questions within a question-family differ based on the set features and parameters and can be imported into the target learning management system ILIAS. Without much effort, examiners and educators can use the generator to create variants of their questions and deliver them to their students.
Repurposing Niclosamide as a plausible neurotherapeutic in autism spectrum disorders, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction: a strong hypothesis
Authors: Varma Manasi , Bhandari Ranjana , Kuhad Anurag 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a complex set of neurodevelopmental manifestations which present in the form of social and communication deficits. Affecting a growing proportion of children worldwide, the exact pathogenesis of this disorder is not very well understood, and multiple signaling pathways have been implicated. Among them, the ERK/MAPK pathway is critical in a number of cellular processes, and the normal functioning of neuronal cells also depends on this cascade. As such, recent studies have increasingly focused on the impact this pathway has on the development of autistic symptoms. Improper ERK signaling is suspected to be involved in neurotoxicity, and the same might be implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), through a variety of effects including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Niclosamide, an antihelminthic and anti-inflammatory agent, has shown potential in inhibiting this pathway, and countering the effects shown by its overactivity in inflammation. While it has previously been evaluated in other neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease, as well as various cancers by targeting ERK/MAPK, it’s efficacy in autism has not yet been evaluated. In this article, we attempt to discuss the potential role of the ERK/MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of ASD, specifically through mitochondrial damage, before moving to the therapeutic potential of niclosamide in the disorder, mediated by the inhibition of this pathway and its detrimental effects of neuronal development.