bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in meibomian gland characteristics and tear film-related parameters in patients with threatened abortion: a new diagnostic index
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yu , Xu San-Hua , Chen Jun , Kang Min , Zou Jie , Zhang Li-Juan , Ying Ping , Liao Xu-Lin , Ling Qian , Wang Yi-Xin , Wei Hong , Shao Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the alterations in ophthalmic parameters in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and find the possible eye surface recognition site of threatened abortion (TA) patients.
Methods
Fifty-two patients with RSA (104 eyes) were recruited. Analyzers were used to examine the parameters of MG and tear film. The distribution of the MG grades of the patients and the correlation between the MG and tear film were analyzed; tear film rupture was used as the grading standard for the MG grade.
Results
The grade for MG loss in the patients increased with the grade for tear film rupture. MG length (L) and MG area ratio (GA), MG diameter (D) and MG tortuosity index (TI), MG diameter deformation index (DI) and TI were positively correlated. L and TI was negatively correlated. The tear film rupture area was mainly concentrated in the fifth ring and quadrants 3 and 4. The intersection area was mainly located in the fifth ring of sixth and seventh regions.
Conclusion
In RSA patients, tear film stability is greater when MG loss is farther from the pupil. The degree of gland distortion may be a new diagnostic index for gland variation, and the probability of gland variation in patients with larger meibomian gland area can decrease. The tear film rupture area was mainly concentrated in the fifth ring of the sixth and seventh regions of the pupil, which is expected to become the eye surface recognition site for women with TA.
Identification of a Novel Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Gene Risk Signature as a Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Efficiency Predictor for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhu Kaiyu , Liu Shiyi , Wang Yaohui , Lu Zhixing , Lin Changwei , Kuang Xuechun , Li Liang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The importance of amino acid metabolism in multiple cancers was investigated by accumulating researches. But the role of amino acid metabolism-related genes (AAMRGs) played in the colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear.
Methods: The clinical information and RNA sequencing of CRC were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and amino acid metabolic gene data were downloaded from a published article in the journal Cell Reports. The Cox-LASSO analysis was adopted to establish a AAMRG prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were adopted to estimate the prognostic capacity of our risk signature. RT‒qPCR was adopted to estimate the expression of AAMRGs in clinical samples. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was adopted and according to result of GSEA, further investigation was conducted in immune infiltration, somatic mutation, drug sensitivity and EMT.
Result: The activity of amino acid metabolism was significantly increased in CRC. A 10-AAMRG prognostic signature was established and the CRC samples were classified into two groups (high-risk and low-risk). Risk score was analyzed to be an independent factor of CRC to affect cancer progression. The result of RT-qPCR showed that among 10 AAMRGs, the expression abundances of MRPS23 and TRAP1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal colorectal tissues were both upregulated. According to GSEA outcomes and further analyses, significant differences were observed in immune infiltration and EMT between two risk groups. Furthermore, analysis of drug sensitivity illustrated that some chemotherapy drugs had higher IC50 values in low-risk group, including bexarotene, bicalutamide and imatinib.
Conclusion: The 10-AAMRG signature we built is a prospective biomarker, which has great potentiality to predict CRC therapeutic responses and clinical prognosis.
The Effect of Race/Ethnicity and Age on Medical Financial Hardship for Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Wilsnack Catherine , Cubbin Catherine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose The present study examined the effect of race/ethnicity on medical financial hardship between cancer survivors aged 18–64 years who were diagnosed when they were adolescents or young adults (AYAs, aged 15–39 years old) and non-AYAs (aged 40–64 years old).Methods We used data from the 2013–2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to identify AYA cancer survivors who were defined as receiving a cancer diagnosis between 15–39 years old and non-AYA cancer survivors who were defined as receiving a cancer diagnosis between 40–64 years old. Medical financial hardship was defined by 3 hardship domains: material (e.g., difficulty paying off medical bills), psychological (e.g., worry about medical costs), and behavioral (e.g., not receiving/postponing care because of cost).Results There were 2,162 AYA cancer survivors (mean age = 32 years) and 3,393 non-AYA cancer survivors (mean age = 51 years). AYA cancer survivors were more likely than non-AYA cancer survivors to experience all 3 hardship domains (30% vs. 20%, P < 0.01). Hispanic AYA and non-AYA cancer survivors had increased odds for experiencing any psychological hardship compared to White counterparts (P < 0.05). Black non-AYA cancer survivors had increased odds for experiencing any material and any behavioral hardship (P < 0.05).Conclusion Race/ethnicity was associated with some domains of medical financial hardship for Black and Hispanic cancer survivors. AYA cancer survivors also experienced more domains of medical financial hardship compared to non-AYA cancer survivors. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Direct practice and policy level interventions are needed to address financial disparities among cancer survivors. Future research should examine disaggregated racial data.
Developing a special face mask with an angle meter to optimize the head position while performing bag–valve–mask ventilation—a prospective simulated proof-of-concept study
Authors: Schumacher Fabio , Oberhanss Natalia , Paal Peter , Pietsch Urs , Wenzel Volker , Herff Holger 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In unconscious patients in the supine position, the loss of soft tissue tension results in obstruction of the upper airway. Unexperienced rescuers may be unable to perform efficient bag–valve–mask ventilation due to difficulties in detecting the optimal head position to open the airway. If the ventilation mask were to indicate an optimized head position to the rescuer, bag–valve–mask ventilation could possibly be optimized.
Methods
A digital sensor was attached to a face mask to measure the degree of head reclination. We attached this face mask to an airway trainer and sealed the mask to its face with tape; the airway trainer was connected to a test lung and ventilated in a pressure-controlled mode by a standard anesthesia machine (Pmax 10 mbar, PEEP 0 mbar, F 12/min). Its head was extended starting from the neutral position to 42 degrees in steps of 2 degrees. The primary endpoints were the correlation of preset angles and our face mask’s digitally measured head position angles. We further evaluated the tidal and minute ventilation volume depending on head reclination.
Results
The preset head position angles correlated significantly (R2 = 0.9895855684; P<.001) with the digitally measured head position angles. In head position angles <10 degrees, the tidal volume was 150 mL; at 18 degrees, it was 200 mL; at 25 degrees, it was 450 mL; and it levelled off at 30 degrees with about 500 mL.
Conclusion
Digital head position angle measurement correctly detected the head position in this study. A signal in a face mask could be a helpful tool to indicate to first responders or relatively inexperienced rescuers the optimized head position during emergency ventilation.
Aortoesophageal fistula after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Jina , Hu Yan , Liu Wenliang , Tang Jingqun , Zhu Song , Zeng Chao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is an extremely rare and highly fatal complication leading to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Successful management of AEF after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma has rarely been reported in the literature.
Case presentation: Here we present a rare case of a 44-year-old female with complications of AEF after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma, mainly presented as vomiting of blood. Both computed tomographic and computed tomography angiography of the chest showed bilateral pleural effusion and atelectasis, while gastroscopy showed large gastrointestinal bleeding. Emergency surgery was performed that included the removal of the mediastinal abscess, left lower pulmonary wedge resection, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), followed by supportive treatment. The surgery went successful, and the patient was followed up for 1 year after discharge and showed good recovery. We also reviewed previous literature on the history, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of AEF after esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Conclusions: In our case, thoracotomy combined with TEVAR was effective in treating AEF after esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. This case provides successful experiences for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AEF after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.
The USCS Mapping of Continental Croatia using Multinominal Logistic Regression and Inverse Distance Weighting Spatial Interpolation
Authors: Hestera Hrvoje , Pahernik Mladen , Zelic Biljana Kovacevic , Maljkovic Maja Mauric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is the basis for numerous methods for soil trafficability research. Since USCS data are not always available, various other data and methods are used to correlate and predict the USCS soil group. This paper describes two methods used for the purpose of mapping Continental Croatia (CCro) according to USCS to a depth of 50 cm. In the first method, the possibility of transfer of 308 profile samples according to the International Soil Science Society (ISSS) classification system into USCS was examined. The results show that it is impossible to directly transform ISSS data into USCS. In the second method 414 USCS profiles were used to analyse the weights of factors in the spatial analysis with inverse distance weighting (IDW). The analysis included layers of dominant and associated soil units of the Basic Soil Map of Croatia (BSM), Geological Map of Croatia (GM), drainage and catchment areas. The obtained weights were as follows: BSM 47,12%, catchment area 27,12%, GM 17,67% and drainage 8%. The results showed that CCro is covered with fine-grained soils, with clay covering almost the entire area and silt dominating in the western and north-western parts of the country.
Dual-Channel Relation Mixup Strategy for Social Bot Detection Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Liu Min , Shi Shuhao , Shi Yuliang , Qiao Kai , Song Baojie , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In social bot detection, accurate labeling needs to be done manually, resulting in large-scale labels are difficult to obtain. However, the limited labels mean that there is less data available for the training set, which may result in over-fitting. Therefore, we proposed a novel data augmentation strategy named Dual-Channel Relation Mixup (DCRM) to address potential over-fitting issues caused by a small training set. In our strategy, we firstly construct two channels that input different account relations, then combine the resulting aggregated representations from both channels before passing them on to the next layer of the “message passing” mechanism. More critically, our DCRM is a general skill that can be equipped with many other backbone models (e.g., GCN, GraphSAGE, GAT, and RGCN) to enhance performance. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed DCRM strategy is an effective way to enhance the performance of bot detection based on graph neural networks. Furthermore, it also exhibits better generalization ability and stability, especially when working with smaller datasets.
Effect of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes in children with congenital heart diseases undergoing surgical repair
Authors: Assy Jana , Yacoub Christelle , Arabi Mariam , Rassi Issam El , Bitar Fadi , Yazbeck Nadine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background Infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at higher risk of faltering growth and developing malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional status of children with CHD presenting for cardiac surgery in a developing country and study the effect of malnutrition on postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to report the prevalence of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery and evaluate the effect of preoperative nutritional status in children with CHD on the postoperative outcomes in Lebanon, a middle-income country.Methods This is a single centered retrospective cohort study which included 147 children affected with different CHD malformations. Demographics, clinical evaluation, including diagnosis, surgical complexity, and other postoperative indicators were collected. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. For children aged 1 month to 2 years, the Z-Score for ‘Weight for Height’, Weight-for-Age Z-Score, and for Height-for-Age Z-Score were utilized; and for children above 2 years of age, the body mass index (BMI) was utilized to classify the malnourished patients.Results The overall prevalence of malnutrition at the time of surgery was 24.5% with majority 86.1% being aged two years or less. The median duration of invasive MV was 7.5 ± 45.06 (0.0–216.0) hours. 66.7% of the cases required more than 7 days of hospital LOS. Malnutrition was significantly associated with an increased risk of infection postoperatively.Conclusion Children with CHD are at higher risk of developing malnutrition, a problem which is related to increased adverse outcomes following cardiac surgeries. In our cohort, malnutrition was significantly associated with an increased risk of infection postoperatively. Hence, physicians caring for children with congenital heart disease should be encouraged to identify, develop, and use specific pediatric nutritional screening tools and combined anthropometric stratification schemes for children at risk of malnutrition and to integrate strategies to optimize their nutritional status before and after surgery.
Changes and continuities in the practices of child marriage: Evidence from Kewet and Bahir Dar Zuria Woredas, Amhara region
Authors: Kassegne Abeje Berhanu , Kwaak Anke , Kok Maryse C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Despite the coordinated efforts Ethiopia has exerted against child marriage, the practice continues to negatively affect rural girls. Child marriage is embedded in the social structures (social norms and values) of rural communities. In this research, we investigated social structure factors that enable child marriage and intend to give insights into emergent agency of young people in actively taking actions against child marriage.Methods A mixed research approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to generate data from young people (15–24 years) residing in Kewet and Bahir Dar Zuria woredas, Amhara region. The quantitative sample consisted of 1.602 respondents while 23 qualitative interviews were conducted with young people, parents, community and religious leaders, teachers, health extension workers, women and children affairs’ officers and NGO staff.Results We found that child marriage was present among 37% of the respondent girls, aged 18–24 years. Further evidence of the continued practice of child marriage came from 62% of the respondents who indicated that they knew underage girls who got married without their consent. The view that child marriage is related to social norms (emphasizing girls’ ‘sexual purity’ and community perception of ‘a good wife’) was supported by 74% of the respondents. For some parents, marrying off daughters early was considered a source of income (via bride wealth payments) for the household; and for many, daughters were seen as source of social and political capital by establishing marital bonds between families. However, we witnessed young people are taking initiatives (via school clubs, mini-media activities, youth groups) to challenge the age-old practice of child marriage by postponing marriage proposals in favor of education and economic empowerment. Conclusion This study’s findings underscore the need for the development of an educational curriculum relevant to the needs of young people with a focus on creating local opportunities for employment and economic activities. Through education, program interventions addressing unequal gender norms and improved local economic opportunities for young people, child marriage can be history.
A Fantasy Trip with a Broken Acupuncture Needle: a case report
Authors: Liu Lei , Ma Dongjie , Qin Yingzhi , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Acupuncture has always been a treatment method of Chinese traditional medicine, and while becoming more and more popular, it also faces some risks. The case we reported was a patient who was founded a foreign body in the lung many years after acupuncture.
Case Presentation A middle-aged woman who came to our hospital with chest pain found a needle-like foreign body in the middle lobe of her right lung on X-ray. This patient underwent acupuncture in the lower back and lower extremities for local pain many years ago. Based on imaging findings and medical history, we suppose that the foreign body in the lung is the result of a ruptured acupuncture needle that is ectopized. Through preoperative 3-dimension reconstruction and indocyanine green localization, we identified the foreign body located in the lateral segment of right middle lobe and successfully removed the foreign body by wedge resection. The patient recovered smoothly after surgery.
Conclusion Acupuncturists and surgeons should be alert to the possible risks of acupuncture.
Identification of Disease and Drug-Related Complications and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Karakaya Deniz , Güngör Tülin , Çakıcı Evrim Kargın , Yazılıtaş Fatma , Çelikkaya Evra , Bülbül Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disorder of childhood and data on complications are still limited and predisposing risk factors have not been fully defined. The aim of our study is to systematically evaluate treatment and disease-related acute and chronic complications, and to identify the risk factors involved in the development of complications.Methods This single center study was performed at the pediatric nephrology department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey. A total of 411 patients with a diagnosis of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, 128 of whom had the disease-releated and treatment-related complications, were included in the study. Patients diagnosed and followed up between January 2010 and January 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.Results Complications occurred in 31.1% of 411 children with childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.54 ± 4.37 years, and the male to female ratio was 0.9. Ninety-six pount nine percent of complications were disease-related complications, and 50.8% were drug-related complications. Advanced age at diagnosis, female gender, a high of level of proteinuria, and a low estimated glomerular filtration rate level were determined as significant risk factors for complication development (p = 0.000, p = 0.006, p = 0.04, p = 0.07, respectively). Chronic kidney disease developed in 7% of patients and 2.9% of patients had end-stage renal failure. When the patients who progressed to end-stage renal disease were examined; compared with the control group, patients with complications had a significantly higher ESRD incidence (p < 0.05).Conclusions We hypothesized that closer and careful monitoring of patients at risk for complications and implementation of personalized treatment programs could improve long-term outcomes.
A New Information Theory of Certainty for Machine Learning
Authors: zhang Arthur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Claude Shannon coined entropy to quantify the uncertainty of a random distribution for communication coding theory in 1948(Shannon, 1948). Ever since then, entropy has been widely used and equivalently treated as information by many people, and Shannon information theory has achieved huge success in all science and engineering fields. However, we observe that the uncertainty nature of entropy also limits its direct usage in mathematical modeling such as prediction tasks. Entropy has been mainly used as a measure of information gain or loss and it hardly has been directly employed for modeling and prediction purposes in the literature. We notice that a quantity measuring the certainty of a random distribution is the desired directly usable information for such modeling purposes. Therefore we propose a new information concept troenpy, as the canonical dual of entropy, to quantify the certainty of the underlying distribution. We establish the necessary concepts and properties for this new Information Theory of Certainty (ITC), analogue of the classical Shannon information theory. We demonstrate two important applications of troenpy for machine learning. The first is for the classical supervised document classification task, we develop a troenpy based weighting scheme to leverage the document class label distribution and show that the weighting scheme can be easily and very effectively used for classification tasks. The second is for the popular self-supervised language modeling task, where we introduce a self-troenpy weighting scheme for sequential data and show that it can be directly and easily included in modern recurrent neural network based language models and achieve dramatic perplexity reduction. Besides machine learning ITC also has the potential application on quantum information theory. We generalize the idea and define quantum troenpy as the dual of the Von Neumann entropy to quantify the certainty of quantum systems. In conclusion we developed a new information theory quantifying certainty in random systems and such information can be easily, directly and effec- tively used in modern machine learning and neural network models. With the theory sup- ported cheap and effective way of extracting and representing useful information from data, ITC offers not only promising ways to leverage useful information to improve current machine learning model performances but also possibil- ities of designing new machine learning and neural network models from the view of useful information processing.
Non-collisional Behaviour of Novel Nonlinear Wave Patterns for (2+1) Dimensional Fokas System
Authors: J Thilakavathy , R Amrutha , B Sivatharani , K Subramanian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the most straightforward extension of the (2+1) dimensional NLS equation, termed the Fokas system. The evolution equation is trilinearized, employing a unique method called Truncated Painlev\'{e} Approach for the (2+1) dimensional Fokas system. In terms of arbitrary functions, this method finds relatively extensive classes of solutions. Localized solutions, including dromion triplet, lump, multi-compacton and multi-rogue wave are generated by efficiently utilizing arbitrary functions. The analysis reveals that the localized solutions evolved do not move in space and only their amplitude changes with time.