bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock cooling emission from explosions of red supergiants – I. A numerically calibrated analytic model
Authors: Morag Jonathan , Sapir Nir , Waxman Eli 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Supernova light curves are dominated at early time, hours to days, by photons escaping from the expanding shock heated envelope. We provide a simple analytic description of the time-dependent luminosity, L, and colour temperature, Tcol, for explosions of red supergiants (with convective polytropic envelopes), valid up to H recombination (T ≈ 0.7 eV). The analytic description interpolates between existing expressions valid at different (planar then spherical) stages of the expansion, and is calibrated against numerical hydrodynamic diffusion calculations for a wide range of progenitor parameters (mass, radius, core/envelope mass and radius ratios, and metalicity), and explosion energies. The numerically derived L and Tcol are described by the analytic expressions with $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ accuracy, respectively. Tcol is inferred from the hydrodynamic profiles using frequency independent opacity, based on tables we constructed for this purpose (and will be made publicly available) including bound–bound and bound–free contributions. In an accompanying paper (Paper II) we show − using a large set of multigroup photon diffusion calculations − that the spectral energy distribution is well described by a Planck spectrum with T = Tcol, except at ultraviolet (UV) frequencies, where the flux can be significantly suppressed due to strong line absorption. We defer the full discussion of the multigroup results to paper II, but provide here for completeness an analytic description also of the UV suppression. Our analytic results are a useful tool for inferring progenitor properties, explosion velocity, and also relative extinction based on early multiband shock cooling observations of supernovae.
The role of previous generations of stars in triggering star formation and driving gas dynamics
Authors: Herrington Nicholas P , Dobbs Clare L , Bending Thomas J R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of sub-galactic regions including photoionizing and supernova feedack. We aim to improve the initial conditions of our region extraction models by including an initial population of stars. We also investigate the reliability of extracting regions in simulations, and show that with a good choice of region, results are comparable with using a larger region for the duration of our simulations. Simulations of star formation on molecular cloud scales typically start with a turbulent cloud of gas, from which stars form and then undergo feedback. In reality, a typical cloud or region within a galaxy may already include, or reside near some population of stars containing massive stars undergoing feedback. We find the main role of a prior population is triggering star formation, and contributing to gas dynamics. Early time supernova from the initial population are important in triggering new star formation and driving gas motions on larger scales above 100 pc, whilst the ionizing feedback contribution from the initial population has less impact, since many members of the initial population have cleared out gas around them in the prior model. In terms of overall star formation rates though, the initial population has a relatively small effect, and the feedback does not for example suppress subsequent star formation. We find that MHD has a relatively larger impact than initial conditions, reducing the star formation rate by a factor of 3 at later times.
First observational evidence of a relation between globular clusters’ internal rotation and stellar masses
Authors: Scalco M , Livernois A , Vesperini E , Libralato M , Bellini A , Bedin L R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Several observational studies have shown that many Galactic globular clusters (GCs) are characterized by internal rotation. Theoretical studies of the dynamical evolution of rotating clusters have predicted that, during their long-term evolution, these stellar systems should develop a dependence of the rotational velocity around the cluster’s centre on the mass of stars, with the internal rotation increasing for more massive stars. In this paper, we present the first observational evidence of the predicted rotation–mass trend. In our investigation, we exploited the Gaia Data Release 3 catalogue of three GCs: NGC 104 (47 Tuc), NGC 5139 (ω Cen), and NGC 5904 (M 5). We found clear evidence of a cluster rotation–mass relation in 47 Tuc and M 5, while in ω Cen, the dynamically youngest system among the three clusters studied here, no such trend was detected.
ATM inhibition enhances the efficacy of radiation across distinct molecular subgroups of pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Xie Jia , Kuriakose Teneema , Bianski Brandon , Twarog Nathaniel , Savage Evan , Xu Ke , Zhu Xiaoyan , He Chen , Hansen Baranda , Wang Hong , High Anthony , Li Yuxin , Rehg Jerold E , Tillman Heather S , Freeman Burgess B , Rankovic Zoran , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Fan Yiping , Wu Gang , Peng Junmin , Miller Shondra , Baker Suzanne J , Shelat Anang A , Tinkle Christopher L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is largely incurable and accounts for most brain tumor-related deaths in children. Radiation is a standard therapy, yet the benefit from this treatment modality is transient, and most children succumb to disease within 2 years. Recent large-scale genomic studies suggest that pHGG has alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that induce resistance to DNA damaging agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential and molecular consequences of combining radiation with selective DDR inhibition in pHGG.

Methods
We conducted an unbiased screen in pHGG cells that combined radiation with clinical candidates targeting the DDR and identified the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Subsequently, we profiled AZD1390 + radiation in an extensive panel of early passage pHGG cell lines, mechanistically characterized response to the combination in vitro in sensitive and resistant cells and evaluated the combination in vivo using TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant orthotopic xenografts.

Results
AZD1390 significantly potentiated radiation across molecular subgroups of pHGG by increasing mutagenic nonhomologous end joining and augmenting genomic instability. In contrast to previous reports, ATM inhibition significantly improved the efficacy of radiation in both TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant isogenic cell lines and distinct orthotopic xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified a novel mechanism of resistance to AZD1390 + radiation that was marked by an attenuated ATM pathway response which dampened sensitivity to ATM inhibition and induced synthetic lethality with ATR inhibition.

Conclusions
Our study supports the clinical evaluation of AZD1390 in combination with radiation in pediatric patients with HGG.
In situ electrochemical reconstruction of Sr2Fe1.45Ir0.05Mo0.5O6-δ perovskite cathode for CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells
Authors: Shen Yuxiang , Liu Tianfu , Li Rongtan , Lv Houfu , Ta Na , Zhang Xiaomin , Song Yuefeng , Liu Qingxue , Feng Weicheng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Solid oxide electrolysis cells provide a practical solution for the direct conversion of CO2 to other chemicals (i.e. CO), however, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the dynamic reconstruction of active sites for perovskite cathodes during CO2 electrolysis remains a great challenge. Herein, we identify that iridium-doped Sr2Fe1.45Ir0.05Mo0.5O6-δ (SFIrM) perovskite displays a dynamic electrochemical reconstruction feature during CO2 electrolysis with abundant exsolution of highly dispersed IrFe alloy nanoparticles on the SFIrM surface. The in situ reconstructed IrFe@SFIrM interfaces deliver a current density of 1.46 A cm−2 while maintaining over 99% CO Faradaic efficiency, representing a 25.8% improvement compared with the Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ counterpart. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations suggest that the improved CO2 electrolysis activity originates from the facilitated formation of carbonate intermediates at the IrFe@SFIrM interfaces. Our work may open the possibility of using an in situ electrochemical poling method for CO2 electrolysis in practice.
Prevalence of Nicotine and Tobacco Product Use by Sexual Identity, Gender Identity, and Sex Assigned at Birth Among Emerging Adult Tobacco Users in California, United States
Authors: Krueger Evan A , Hong Chenglin , Cunningham Nicole J , Berteau Lorree (Katy) , Cordero Luisita , Wu Elizabeth S C , Holloway Ian W 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) nicotine and tobacco use disparities are well-documented among youth and young adults (YYA), and despite decades of prevention efforts, these disparities stubbornly persist. To better understand tobacco use disparities and craft tailored interventions, tobacco use patterns must be assessed in a contemporary sample of YYA across lines of sexual and gender identity, sex assigned at birth, and tobacco product types.

Aims and Methods
Data were from an online survey of a diverse sample of emerging adult tobacco users (ages 18–29; N = 1491) in California, United States (2020–2021). Participants were recruited from various online and in-person locations. Bivariate and adjusted models assessed differences in four nicotine and tobacco use outcomes (past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, other tobacco products, and multiple tobacco product types) across six groups: Cisgender heterosexual males, cisgender heterosexual females, cisgender sexual minority (SM) males, cisgender SM females, transfeminine participants, and transmasculine participants.

Results
Compared to cisgender heterosexual males, both transfeminine (OR = 2.25, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.29 to 4.05) and transmasculine (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.80) participants had higher odds of using cigarettes. Few differences were noted between groups in use of e-cigarettes. Cisgender heterosexual males had higher odds of other tobacco product use, compared to most other groups (eg, cisgender SM males: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.87). Transmasculine participants had higher odds of multiple product use, compared to cisgender heterosexual females. Among multiple product users, transfeminine participants had the highest prevalence of using all three individual product types (35.6%).

Conclusions
Results highlight the need for different tobacco control approaches across sexual and gender identities, sex assigned at birth, and nicotine and tobacco products.

Implications
SGM nicotine and tobacco use disparities remain entrenched, despite concerted efforts to reduce them. The SGM population is heterogeneous and different SGM subgroups may have different needs. This study assessed, among young adult nicotine and tobacco users in California, U.S. patterns of tobacco use across sexual and gender identities, sex assigned at birth, as well as specific tobacco products used—a necessity to craft tailored tobacco control measures. We found patterns of nicotine and tobacco product use across several of these characteristics, highlighting how different prevention and cessation interventions may be needed to meaningfully address SGM nicotine and tobacco use disparities.
Classification of Lapses in Smokers Attempting to Stop: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using Data From a Popular Smoking Cessation Smartphone App
Authors: Perski Olga , Li Kezhi , Pontikos Nikolas , Simons David , Goldstein Stephanie P , Naughton Felix , Brown Jamie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Smoking lapses after the quit date often lead to full relapse. To inform the development of real time, tailored lapse prevention support, we used observational data from a popular smoking cessation app to develop supervised machine learning algorithms to distinguish lapse from non-lapse reports.

Aims and Methods
We used data from app users with ≥20 unprompted data entries, which included information about craving severity, mood, activity, social context, and lapse incidence. A series of group-level supervised machine learning algorithms (eg, Random Forest, XGBoost) were trained and tested. Their ability to classify lapses for out-of-sample (1) observations and (2) individuals were evaluated. Next, a series of individual-level and hybrid algorithms were trained and tested.

Results
Participants (N = 791) provided 37 002 data entries (7.6% lapses). The best-performing group-level algorithm had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.969 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.961 to 0.978). Its ability to classify lapses for out-of-sample individuals ranged from poor to excellent (AUC = 0.482–1.000). Individual-level algorithms could be constructed for 39/791 participants with sufficient data, with a median AUC of 0.938 (range: 0.518–1.000). Hybrid algorithms could be constructed for 184/791 participants and had a median AUC of 0.825 (range: 0.375–1.000).

Conclusions
Using unprompted app data appeared feasible for constructing a high-performing group-level lapse classification algorithm but its performance was variable when applied to unseen individuals. Algorithms trained on each individual’s dataset, in addition to hybrid algorithms trained on the group plus a proportion of each individual’s data, had improved performance but could only be constructed for a minority of participants.

Implications
This study used routinely collected data from a popular smartphone app to train and test a series of supervised machine learning algorithms to distinguish lapse from non-lapse events. Although a high-performing group-level algorithm was developed, it had variable performance when applied to new, unseen individuals. Individual-level and hybrid algorithms had somewhat greater performance but could not be constructed for all participants because of the lack of variability in the outcome measure. Triangulation of results with those from a prompted study design is recommended prior to intervention development, with real-world lapse prediction likely requiring a balance between unprompted and prompted app data.
Expanding the Client’s Perspective
Authors: Cath Yuri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHawley introduced the idea of the client's perspective on knowledge, which she used to illuminate knowing-how and cases of epistemic injustice involving knowing-how. In this paper, I explore how Hawley's idea might be used to illuminate not only knowing-how, but other forms of knowledge that, like knowing-how, are often claimed to be distinct from mere knowing-that, focusing on the case studies of moral understanding and ‘what it is like’-knowledge.
The 2022 Elections: A Test of Democracy's Resilience and the Referendum Theory of Midterms
Authors: Jacobson Gary C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The 2022 midterm elections tested both American democracy's resilience and the referendum theory of midterm elections. Democracy met the test better than the theory. For several reasons, Democrats lost far fewer House seats than referendum models predicted given Biden's low approval ratings, inflation, and an unhappy electorate. Trump's meddling in nomination politics on behalf of his big lie and the Court's Dobbs decision put democracy and abortion on the agenda, mobilizing Democrats and redefining what was at stake in the election. The referendum was also blunted by hardened political attitudes that minimized partisan defections and by independents who voted for Democrats despite negative opinions of Biden. Overall voting patterns showed record levels of continuity and cohesion in 2022, reiterating the stark political divisions that have emerged over the past decade.
On the existence of the NS5-brane limit of the plane wave matrix model
Authors: Asano Yuhma , Ishiki Goro , Matsumoto Takaki , Shimasaki Shinji , Watanabe Hiromasa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider a double scaling limit of the plane wave matrix model (PWMM), in which the gravity dual geometry of PWMM reduces to a class of spherical NS5-brane solutions. We identify the form of the scaling limit for the dual geometry of PWMM around a general vacuum and then translate the limit into field-theoretic language. We also show that the limit indeed exists at least in a certain planar quarter-BPS sector of PWMM by using the localization computation analytically. In addition, we employ the hybrid Monte Carlo method to compute the matrix integral obtained by the localization method, near the parameter region where the supergravity approximation is valid. Our numerical results, which are considered to be the first computation of a quantum loop correction to the Lin–Maldacena geometry, suggest that the double scaling limit exists beyond the planar sector.
Causal effects of circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs on the risk of epilepsy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liang Z , Zhao L , Lou Y , Liu S 
Published: March 2023

Summary

Background
Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs with the risk of epilepsy.

Aim
To assess whether genetically predicted circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs are causally associated with the risk of epilepsy outcome.

Methods
We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis model to genetically predict the causal effects of circulating lipids (apolipoprotein A [APOA], apolipoprotein B [APOB], cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], lipoprotein A and triglycerides) and lipid-lowering drugs (HMG-CoA reductase [HMGCR] and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9] inhibitors) on epilepsy. Nine MR analysis methods were conducted to analyze the final results. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary outcome. The other MR analysis methods (simple mode, weighted mode, simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median, MR Egger and MR-Egger [bootstrap]) were conducted as the complement to IVW. In addition, the robustness of the MR analysis results was assessed by leave-one-out analysis.

Results
The IVW analysis method demonstrated that there is no causal association between circulating lipids (APOA: odds ratio [OR], 0.958, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.728–1.261, P = 0.760; APOB: OR, 1.092; 95% CI, 0.979–1.219, P = 0.115; cholesterol: OR, 1.210; 95% CI, 0.981–1.494, P = 0.077; HDL-C: OR, 0.964; 95% CI, 0.767–1.212, P = 0.753; LDL-C: OR, 1.100; 95% CI, 0.970–1.248, P = 0.137; lipoprotein A: OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 0.849–1.379, P = 0.528; triglycerides: OR, 1.126; 95% CI, 0.932–1.360, P = 0.221) and lipid-lowering drugs (HMGCR inhibitors: OR, 0.221; 95% CI, 0.006–8.408, P = 0.878; PCSK9 inhibitors: OR, 1.112; 95% CI, 0.215–5.761, P = 0.902) with risk of epilepsy. The other MR analysis methods and further leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of final results.

Conclusion
This MR study demonstrated that there were no genetically predicted causal relationships between circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs with the risk of epilepsy.
Social Identification and Redistribution Preference: A Survey Experiment in Japan
Authors: SEKI Katsunori 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
What shapes preferences for income redistribution? Studies find that social identification plays an important role. In this paper, I argue that in-group favoritism generated through income proximity and out-group discrimination stemming from a nation/foreigner cleavage affect redistribution preference. Using data from a survey experiment with 4,002 Japanese citizens, I examined whether priming the poor as recipients of public assistance (or Seikatsu Hogo) generates more (less) support for income redistribution among the poor (the wealthier) and whether priming foreigners as public assistance recipients decreases support for redistribution. Analyses reveal that respondents with annual household income of 5–10 million yen negatively respond to the treatment priming the poor as public assistance recipients. Results also indicate that priming foreigners as public assistance recipients decreases support for redistribution. These findings corroborate previous research that finds evidence from North America and Europe. Analyzing a sample from Japan offers the external validity because the recent rise in income disparity in Japan involves unique characteristics including pauperization of low-income groups without enriching the wealthy. A rapid increase in the inflow of immigrants to Japan necessitates the need to study how Japanese people shape their redistribution preference in response to a growing number of foreign residents.
Rtapas: An R Package to Assess Cophylogenetic Signal between Two Evolutionary Histories
Authors: Llaberia-Robledillo Mar , Lucas-Lledó J Ignacio , Pérez-Escobar Oscar A , Krasnov Boris R , Balbuena Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cophylogeny represents a framework to understand how ecological and evolutionary process influence lineage diversification. The recently developed algorithm Random Tanglegram Partitions provides a directly interpretable statistic to quantify the strength of cophylogenetic signal and incorporates phylogenetic uncertainty into its estimation, and maps onto a tanglegram the contribution to cophylogenetic signal of individual host-symbiont associations. We introduce Rtapas, an R package to perform Random Tanglegram Partitions. Rtapas applies a given global-fit method to random partial tanglegrams of a fixed size to identify the associations, terminals, and internal nodes that maximize phylogenetic congruence. This new package extends the original implementation with a new algorithm that examines the contribution to phylogenetic incongruence of each host-symbiont association and adds ParaFit, a method designed to test for topological congruence between two phylogenies, to the list of global-fit methods than can be applied. Rtapas facilitates and speeds up cophylogenetic analysis, as it can handle large phylogenies (100+ terminals) in affordable computational time as illustrated with two real-world examples. Rtapas can particularly cater for the need for causal inference in cophylogeny in two domains: (i) Analysis of complex and intricate host-symbiont evolutionary histories and (ii) assessment of topological (in)congruence between phylogenies produced with different DNA markers and specifically identify subsets of loci for phylogenetic analysis that are most likely to reflect gene-tree evolutionary histories. [Cophylogeny; cophylogenetic signal; gene tree incongruence; phylogenetic congruence; phylogenomics.]