bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of intent and character information on children's evaluations of third‐party transgressions
Authors: Cameron Sophie , Wilks Matti , Nielsen Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch in adults suggests that their perception of moral transgressions is affected by the moral character of the agent performing the transgression, such that undesirable actions enacted by ‘good’ agents are seen as less serious than those performed by ‘bad’ agents. This may be partly driven our tendency to view undesirable acts as less intentional when the agent has a perceived good moral character. It is currently unclear whether or not children make similar judgements. Therefore, we investigated if children's use of moral character information is consistent with their judgements of transgressions when the intent behind the act was ambiguous or blatant. Children aged 6–8‐years (N = 60) viewed a series of six moral transgressions in which the protagonist's intent was ambiguous or blatantly harmful, and their moral character was described as being good, mixed or bad. The children were then asked how much they felt the behaviour was intentional, how severe it was and the degree of punishment it deserved. Transgressions performed by ‘good’ characters were viewed as less intentional than those by ‘bad’ characters, but only when the intent behind it was ambiguous. Similarly, transgressions performed by good characters were viewed as less severe and deserving of less punishment than those performed by bad characters, although this effect was not moderated by intent information. These pattern of findings suggest that the view of transgressions performed by good individuals as less serious than the same act performed by bad individuals is established early in development.
Spatial autocorrelation mixtures in geospatial disease data: An important global epidemiologic/public health assessment ingredient?
Authors: Griffith Daniel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeographic‐oriented public health has a time‐honored history, beginning with such classic assessments as John Snow's cholera deaths vis‐à‐vis London's Broad Street water pump. His constructed map illustrates how gathering locational information about diseases and mapping its static as well as diffusion map patterns benefit society in the long run. Spatial autocorrelation (SA)—a habitual manifestation of geospatial data locational tagging/indexing characterizing their nonrandom mixture of attribute values across a geographic landscape—latent in georeferenced disease data, is a key feature of such assessment instruments. The objective of this article is to highlight the presence of positive–negative SA mixtures, rather than solely positive SA, in global epidemiologic/public health data, regardless of the place on Earth that houses them, and consequential impacts on the assessment of such data.
Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal (PBM) on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme, and Immunity of Giant River Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Boateng Agyenim Godfred , Zhao Jingyi , Zhao Jianghua , Xu Hong , Li Hongqin , Zhao Min , Xu Qiyou , Liu Cong 
Published: April 2023

A 56-day feeding trial was performed to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal with 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% PBM (FM) on growth performance, digestive enzyme, and immunity of juvenile giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Diets were fed in quadruplicate (50 prawns per replicate) to satiation (3–5% of their body weight). The finial weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of prawns were significantly reduced

P
<
0.05

when 100% PBM was substituted for fish meal, whereas the remaining test diets showed no variation compared to the control

P
>
0.05

. There was no significant difference in survival rates. The moisture, crude protein, and crude fat of the prawn were unchanged

P
>
0.05

. The SOD activity, MDA content, and AKP activity of hemolymph did not change significantly. However, the ACP activity of all replacement groups decreased significantly

P
<
0.05

. The amylase enzyme activity in the intestine of prawn fed 25% of PBM increased significantly compared with the control group, while the trypsin and lipase activities were unchanged. This study showed that PBM up to 75% replacement group does not affect growth performance, and all replacement groups have no adverse effect on intestinal digestive enzyme activity and immunity in juvenile M. rosenbergii. Therefore, poultry by-product meal could replace fish meal by up to 75%.
The Temporary Transfer of Presidential Powers in the Czech Republic
Authors: Köker Philipp 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Presidency plays a central role in the functioning of the Czech political system. Among others, the President convenes the first sitting of the Chamber of Deputies after elections and must appoint the Government before it can seek parliamentary confidence. Therefore, the emergency hospitalization of President Miloš Zeman after the 2021 parliamentary election presented politicians with a hitherto unprecedented dilemma. Although a full-scale constitutional crisis was eventually averted, the incident still demonstrated the ambiguity and limitations of constitutional provisions on presidential inability and the temporary transfer of presidential powers in the Czech Republic. This article discusses the respective constitutional provisions and assesses their expedience in light of recent events. Drawing on historical precedents and political debates from the last 30 years, the article proposes options for reform and argues that constitutional crises will remain a real possibility unless political actors agree on at least a minimum of procedural requirements and codify these in organic law.
Practice effect and test–retest reliability of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition in people with dementia
Authors: Lee Shu-Chun , Chien Tzu-Hua , Chu Chih-Pang , Lee Yen , Chiu En-Chi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) has been widely used to assess memory function in people with dementia. The older adult battery of the WMS-IV includes four indices and seven subtests. The aims of this study were to examine the practice effect and test–retest reliability and calculate the reliable change index modified for practice (RCIp) for the indices and subtests of the older adult battery of the WMS-IV for people with dementia.

Methods
Fifty-six participants completed the WMS-IV twice, two weeks apart. The practice effect was investigated using effect size (Cohen’s d) and bootstrapping mixed design analysis of variance while considering the severity of dementia. The test–retest reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The results showed non-significant practice effects with Cohen’s d < 0.20 in different severities of dementia on two indices and five subtests. The ICC values of these indices and subtests were 0.82–0.85 and 0.57–1.00, respectively. The other two indices (i.e., auditory memory and immediate memory) and two subtests (i.e., logical memory delayed recall and visual reproduction immediate recall) demonstrated small to moderate practice effect (d = 0.46–0.74) for people with mild severity of dementia.

Conclusion
On the whole, the WMS-IV has no to moderate practice effects and moderate to excellent test–retest reliability in people with dementia. The values of the RCIp with 95% confidence interval for the indices and subtests were provided in this study, which are useful to clinicians and researchers for interpreting the real score change in persons with dementia. The two indices (i.e., auditory memory and immediate memory) and two subtests (i.e., logical memory delayed recall and visual reproduction immediate recall) with noticeable practice effect should be used with caution when assessing memory function repeatedly in people with mild severity of dementia.
Pasture-finishing of bison improves animal metabolic health and potential health-promoting compounds in meat
Authors: van Vliet Stephan , Blair Amanda D. , Hite Lydia M. , Cloward Jennifer , Ward Robert E. , Kruse Carter , van Wietmarchsen Herman A. , van Eekeren Nick , Kronberg Scott L. , Provenza Frederick D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health, a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems. A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants. Additionally, growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat (i.e., grass-fed) has raised questions about its nutritional composition. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic, lipidomic, and fatty acid profiles of striploins (M. longissimus lumborum).

Results
Six hundred and seventy-one (671) out of 1570 profiled compounds (43%) differed between pasture- and pen-finished conditions (n = 20 animals per group) (all, P < 0.05). Relative to pasture-finished animals, the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites (~ 1.6-fold), triglycerides (~ 2-fold), markers of oxidative stress (~ 1.5-fold), and proteolysis (~ 1.2-fold). In contrast, pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial (~ 1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites) and carnitine metabolism (~ 3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines) (all P < 0.05). Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics (~ 2.3-fold), alpha-tocopherol (~ 5.8-fold), carotene (~ 2.0-fold), and very long-chain fatty acids (~ 1.3-fold) in their meat, while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation (4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione; ~ 2-fold) and glycation end-product (N6-carboxymethyllysine; ~ 1.7-fold) (all P < 0.05). In contrast, vitamins B5, B6, and C, gamma/beta-tocopherol, and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were ~ 2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals (all P < 0.05); suggesting some concentrate feeding, or grazing plants rich in those compounds, may be beneficial.

Conclusions
Pasture-finishing (i.e., grass-fed) broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement (i.e., pen-finished). Our data, however, does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy. The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios (< 3.2), and amino acid and vitamin profiles. Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date (> 1500 unique compounds), having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode. Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.

Graphical abstract
Metabolomic analysis of aqueous humor reveals potential metabolite biomarkers for differential detection of macular edema
Authors: Jiang Dan , Yan Congcong , Ge Lina , Yang Chun , Huang Ying , Chan Yau Kei , Chen Chonghua , Chen Wei , Zhou Meng , Lin Bing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Macular edema (ME) is a major complication of retinal disease with multiple mechanisms involved in its development. This study aimed to investigate the metabolite profile of aqueous humor (AH) in patients with ME of different etiologies and identify potential metabolite biomarkers for early diagnosis of ME.

Methods
Samples of AH were collected from 60 patients with ME and 20 age- and sex-matched controls and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics. A series of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify differential metabolites and enriched metabolite pathways.

Results
The metabolic profile of AH differed significantly between ME patients and healthy controls, and differentially expressed metabolites were identified. Pathway analysis revealed that these differentially expressed metabolites are mainly involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, significant differences were identified in the metabolic composition of AH from patients with ME due to different retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD-ME), diabetic retinopathy (DME) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME). In total, 39 and 79 etiology-specific altered metabolites were identified for AMD-ME and DME, respectively. Finally, an AH-derived machine learning-based diagnostic model was developed and successfully validated in the test cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.79 for AMD-ME, 0.94 for DME and 0.77 for BRVO-ME.

Conclusions
Our study illustrates the potential underlying metabolic basis of AH of different etiologies across ME populations. We also identify AH-derived metabolite biomarkers that may improve the differential diagnosis and treatment stratification of ME patients with different etiologies.
Effects of changing the timing of warfarin administration in combination with fluconazole on prolongation of the PT-INR: a case report
Authors: Akamatsu Hayato , Nakagawa Hiroo , Matsumaru Ichiro , Hashizume Junya , Harasawa Hitomi , Kodama Yukinobu , Miura Takashi , Ohyama Kaname 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFluconazole (FLCZ) inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 and has a drug-drug interaction that potentiates the effects of warfarin and prolong the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR). Although a drug-drug interaction have been reported between FLCZ and warfarin, the effects of the timing of their administration on this interaction have not yet been investigated.Case presentationA female patient in her 30s with Marfan syndrome had undergone the Bentall procedure with a mechanical valve and total arch replacement for acute aortic dissection Stanford A type and rupture of the ascending aorta. Warfarin was administered to prevent thromboembolism. She was hospitalized 1 year ago for graft infection caused byCandida albicans, and treatment with FLCZ was initiated. She received FLCZ 200 mg once a day in the morning and warfarin 1.75 mg once a day in the evening, and the PT-INR remained stable at approximately 2.0 and within the therapeutic range. However, 42 days after changing the timing of administration of warfarin from evening to morning, the PT-INR was prolonged by approximately 3-fold to 6.25. The PT-INR then decreased to the previous level by changing the timing of administration of warfarin from morning to evening.ConclusionsThe timing of administration of FLCZ and warfarin may affect the magnitude of drug-drug interaction.
Deep learning for inverse design of low-boom supersonic configurations
Authors: Chen Shusheng , Qiu Jiyan , Yang Hua , Yuan Wu , Gao Zhenghong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMitigating the sonic boom to an acceptable stage is crucial for the next generation of supersonic transports. The primary way to suppress sonic booms is to develop a low sonic boom aerodynamic shape design. This paper proposes an inverse design approach to optimize the near-field signature of an aircraft, making it close to the shaped ideal ground signature after propagation in the atmosphere. By introducing the Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for the first time, a predicted input of Augmented Burgers equation is inversely achieved. By the K-fold cross-validation method, the predicted ground signature closest to the target ground signature is obtained. Then, the corresponding equivalent area distribution is calculated using the classical Whitham’s F-function theory from the optimal near-field signature. The inversion method is validated using the classic example of the C608 vehicle provided by the Third Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop (SBPW-3). The results show that the design ground signature is consistent with the target signature. The equivalent area distribution of the design result is smoother than the baseline distribution, and it shrinks significantly in the rear section. Finally, the robustness of this method is verified through the inverse design of sonic boom for the non-physical ground signature target.
Long-term outcomes of arthroscopic synovectomy and core decompression through multiple small bone holes for early-stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Ji Quanbo , Li Xiaoya , Luo Song , Geng Lei , Ren Peng , Ni Ming , Zheng Qingyuan , Xin Peng , Wang Yan , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study described a minimally invasive approach for the management of early-stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head, which integrated arthroscopic intra-articular decompression and core decompression by drilling multiple small holes.

Method
A total of 126 patients with 185 hip avascular necrosis were included between March 2005 and January 2008, and the hips were classified, based on the Association Research Circulation Osseous staging system, into stage I (n = 43), stage II (n = 114), and stage III (n = 28). Arthroscopic intra-articular inspection and debridement, along with drilling of multiple small holes for core decompression, were performed. The Modified Harris hip score system and radiographs were used to assess the pre- and post-surgery outcomes.

Results
One hundred and three patients (involving 153 hips) were followed up successfully for an average of 10.7 ± 3.4 years (range: 9–12 years). After surgery, the overall survival rate was 51.6% (79 hips), and the clinical survival rates were 79%, 72%, 52%, 32%, and 10% for patients with stage I, IIa, IIb, IIc, and III, respectively. The outcomes of patients with Association Research Circulation Osseous Stages I or IIA were better than those of other stages, while hips with a large necrotic area had poor results. This approach preserved the original biomechanical strength of the femoral head after core decompression and eliminated arthritis factors in the hip joint.

Conclusion
The core decompression with multiple small-size holes is an effective method for treating early-stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head, particularly in those with pathological changes in the hip joint.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic study, Level IV.
Skin Care for the Extremely Low-Birthweight Infant
Authors: Visscher Marty O. , McKeown Katherine , Nurre Melissa , Strange Ruthann , Mahan Tammy , Kinnett Melissa , Campbell Dawanda , Baker Rachel B. , Narendran Vivek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for infection because the innate immune function of their skin is underdeveloped as they lack a competent epidermal barrier. Thus, neonatal clinicians need to pay careful attention to skin care practices, particularly for periviable infants. In this review, we describe the challenges of skin care in ELBW infants and summarize strategies to prevent skin injury, minimize damage when it occurs, and enhance cutaneous innate immunity.
The Effect of National Public Debt on Economic Growth in Kenya
Authors: Hassan Mohamedamin Ahmed , Ongeri B. Onkoba , Ndolo David Katuta 
Published: April 2023

Kenya being a lower middle income country compliments tax revenue with government borrowing to finance its national development plans. In an attempt to add to available domestic resources, successive governments have relied on both domestic and external debt to finance the country’s budget. In light of the growing concerns over Kenya’s national public debt sustainability and its potential effect on the economy, this study aimed at analyzing the effect of national public debt on economic growth in Kenya. Specifically, the study sught to establish the effect of domestic debt and external debt on Kenya’s economic growth. Gross Domestic Product was used as the proxy for economic growth while domestic debt, external debt, inflation rate, exchange rate, capital stock and labor force are the explanatory variables. The study used time series data for the period 990 to 20 9. The data was extracted from the World development indicators and this data was harmonized with data extracted from the data bases of the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The data was analyzed through the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique. The findings indicated that domestic debt had an insignificant negative effect on Kenyan economy while external debt has insignificant positive effect. The study concluded that internal debt has deleterious while external debt has positive effect on growth.
Flash flood susceptibility mapping based on catchments using an improved Blending machine learning approach
Authors: Yin Yongqiang , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Guan Zheng , Chen Yuehong , Liu Changjun , Yang Tao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Flash floods are a frequent and highly destructive natural hazard in China. In order to prevent and manage these disasters, it is crucial for decision-makers to create GIS-based flash flood susceptibility maps. In this study, we present an improved Blending approach, RF-Blending (Reserve Feature Blending), which differs from the Blending approach in that it preserves the original feature dataset during meta-learner training. Our objectives were to demonstrate the performance improvement of the RF-Blending approach and to produce flash flood susceptibility maps for all catchments in Jiangxi Province using the RF-Blending approach. The Blending approach employs a double-layer structure consisting of support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF) as base learners for level-0, and the output of level-0 is utilized as the meta-feature dataset for the meta-learner in level-1, which is logistic regression (LR). RF-Blending employs the output of level-0 along with the original feature dataset for meta-learner training. To develop flood susceptibility maps, we utilized these approaches in conjunction with historical flash flood points and catchment-based factors. Our results indicate that the RF-Blending approach outperformed the other approaches. These can significantly aid catchment-based flash flood susceptibility mapping and assist managers in controlling and remediating induced damages.
Study on the ecological water demand security assessment for the Panjin wetland based on landscape pattern
Authors: Cheng Qian , Chen Fujiang , Wang Tieliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The model was used to predict and analyze the future changes in the total ecological water demand of the Panjin wetland, with a view to providing some scientific reference for the optimal allocation of regional water resources and the sustainable development of wetlands. The results showed that (1) the quality of the habitat environment in the Panjin wetland has a great influence on the change of the total water demand, and the total ecological water demand in the Panjin wetland will continue to decrease in the future. (2) There is a clear correlation between landscape pattern and ecological water demand. (3) The distribution characteristics of the landscape pattern are greatly influenced by political factors, thus affecting the total ecological water demand of the Panjin wetland.