bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigations of electron transport enhancement by electron-cyclotron plasma-wave interaction in tokamaks
Authors: Cazabonne J , Donnel P , Coda S , Decker J , Di Giannatale G , Iantchenko A , Kumar U , Peysson Y , Porte L , Rienäcker S , Tema-Biwole A , Villard L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Energy transfer from electron-cyclotron (EC) waves to the plasma is being routinely used in tokamaks to heat and drive current through the electron channel. Technical applications such as magnetohydrodynamic mode mitigation require power deposition with a high degree of localization. However, observations made in tokamaks show a broader distribution of suprathermal electrons than predicted by standard drift-kinetic codes. The present paper explores a possible wave-induced increase of electron turbulent transport that may explain the experimental data, using power-modulated EC waves in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). In particular, an indirect measurement of the suprathermal electron population via hard x-rays exhibits an enhanced radial transport with increased wave power. This correlates well with the measured increase of the density fluctuation level during the power pulses, associated with the destabilization of ion temperature gradient modes and trapped electron modes and with stiff electron profiles. Forward bounce-averaged drift-kinetic simulations show that a radial diffusion model directly proportional to the wave power deposition is required to match the experimental data. The power dependency is confirmed by global flux-driven gyro-kinetic simulations using a realistic EC power source, computing turbulent transport from first principles and showing a radial increase of electron transport with increased wave power.
Investigation on transient process of dense hydrogen microdischarge by dual-wavelength laser interferometry
Authors: Gao J K , Chen Y , Ma Y , Zhu X D , Ding W X , Zhuang G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the transient process of single-pulse hydrogen microdischarge with peak discharge current of

45 A

at constant pressure of

1300 Pa

is investigated by dual-wavelength laser interferometry. It is found that the phase shift signals related to electrons and excited H (n = 2) atom appear almost simultaneously after breakdown, with a delay of 700 ns compared with the current signal. The velocity of the ionization wave is thus estimated to be on the order of

1

0

3

m

s

−
1

. Subsequently, the current and phase signals increase rapidly, indicating that the energy deposited is applied to heat electron and gas, and strong molecular ionization and atomic excitation process occur in microdischarge. The phase signal for excited H (n = 2) atoms shows the maximum value at

t
=
7

.84

μ

s

and then decreases rapidly, while the current reaches the peak at

t
=
10

μ

s

. In the duration between these two peaks the electronic degrees of freedom (DOF) continue to gain energy from the external field, but the energy transferred to the atomic DOF decreases. After

t
=
10

μ

s

, the current drops first rapidly, and then slowly decreases until the end of the discharge. In discharge attenuation process, the energy flowing into all DOF decreases. The phase-shift dispersion curve is obtained by changing laser frequency. Through the global optimized fitting of the phase shift curve, the average line-of-sight density of excited H (n = 2) atoms is estimated to be

n
a

=
1.

84

(
±

0

.

21

)
×

1

0

12

c

m

−

3

in microdischarge, and the corresponding broadening information is given.
Development and evaluation of a magnetorheological fluid-based clutch with hybrid excitation
Authors: Wu Jie , Huang Hao , Xie Hongyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article presents the development and control of a hybrid excitation magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch with improved magnetic cores. The clutch adopts a hybrid excitation design with coils and permanent magnets. To obtain an increased torque, an improved magnetic core shape of the permanent magnet is adopted in the clutch. Furthermore, simulation is used to test the magnetic field in the fluid gaps. Then, a prototype is manufactured, and a test bed is built. Experiments prove that the designed hybrid excitation MR clutch has an improved torque. In order to achieve accurate torque output, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimized fuzzy proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is presented and compared with the other two controllers, and the effectiveness is verified by simulations and experiments. It turns out that the proposed GA optimized fuzzy PID controller is effective in improving the torque tracking accuracy and can be used for torque control of MR clutches.
Efficiency improvement in InP thin film solar cell using dielectric nanobars
Authors: Khosravi Saba 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, to significantly improve the conversion efficiency in a 1 μm InP thin film solar cell, array of perpendicular TiO
2 nanobars and backside grating are employed. TiO
2 nanobars are coated with a desired anti-reflector (AR) and partially embedded in the InP film to achieve strong light trapping. Optimizing the size of TiO
2 nanobars leads to an enhancement of 41.5% in the photocurrent current density, J

ph
, and 49.3% in power conversion efficiency, PCE, related to the conventional InP film. For boosting the long wavelength absorption, a back reflector (BR) structure including six SiO
2 layers with Si nanopyramid arrays is applied at the backside of the absorption film. Compared to the 1 μm InP thin film solar cell, the J

ph
and PCE are improved by 52.7% and about 59%, respectively. Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) and Finite-Element-Method (FEM) are used to obtain the results.
Effect of ferromagnetic cobalt on characteristics of coercive Aluminium substituted BaFe11.5Al0.5O19 hexaferrites
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Asif Sana Ullah , El-Zahhar Adel A , Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad , Ullah Hafeez 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetic and structural characteristics of M-type barium hexaferrite nanoparticles can be tuned by doping different di or trivalent metal ions. Here BaFe11.5−xAl0.5CoxO19 hexaferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel process, and the influence of doping concentrations on M-type BaFe11.5−xAl0.5CoxO19 hexaferrite nanoparticles was deliberated. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of ferrites successfully. When the doping level increased, the grain dimension (D) initially reduced and then increased. Similarly, the lattice constants ‘a’ and ‘c’ decreased initially and then increased. The findings indicated that the (Mr/Ms) ratio decreased initially as the doping content increased, but at higher doping ranges, it started to rise. At the same time, coercivity (Hc) and magneto-crystalline an-isotropy field (Ha) increased as the doping level increased. Excellent magnetic characteristics were obtained for BaFe11.5−xAl0.5CoxO19 hexaferrites at doping content of (x = 1.5), with magnetic moment 10.80 μ
B, saturation magnetization 57.35 emu g−1, and coercivity 5.21 kOe along anisotropic applied field of 1.62 kOe. The findings mentioned above imply that magnetic characteristics of M-type Barium hexaferrites can be significantly improved upon doping of Cobalt against Aluminium substituted hexaferrites, which will make such types of Ba-hexaferrites very useful in various magnetic applications.
An empirical analysis of ZnO/Ag nanocomposites thin film organic solar cell with optical and structural properties
Authors: Jerome Immanuel A , Samuel Vimala Rani , Yamuna Devi M M , Amalorpava Mary Rajee S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For organic solar cells (OSCs), a novel polymer donor (PMMA) and a new small molecule acceptor (Ag NPs) were devised and produced. The effects of the donor and acceptor on the absorption spectra, molecular energy levels, and charge mobilities were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the PMMA/ZnO/Ag NPs OSCs exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 5.7%, which is attributed to the complementary absorption spectra, matched energy levels, and efficient charge transport. These findings suggest that PMMA and Ag NPs are promising materials for the development of high-performance OSCs. The PMMA-based OSC device demonstrated with a thickness of 200–300 nm achieving an efficiency of over 5.7%, indicating the promise of photovoltaic OSCs in practical applications. The findings were used to regulate nanomorphology and ultimately improve solar cell performance.
Thick accretion disk configurations around a compact object in the brane-world scenario
Authors: Wei Yunzhu , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have studied the equipotential surfaces of a thick accretion disk around a Casadio–Fabbri–Mazzacurati compact object in the brane-world scenario, which possesses a mass parameter together with a parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter. With the increase in the PPN parameter, the size of the thick accretion disk decreases, but the corresponding Roche lobe size increases. Thus, the larger PPN parameter yields the larger region of existing bound disk structures, where the fluid is not accreted into the central wormhole. Moreover, with the increase in the PPN parameter, the position of the Roche lobe gradually moves away from the central compact object, and the thickness of the region enclosed by the Roche lobe decreases near the compact object but increases in the region far from the compact object. Our results also show that the pressure gradient in the disk decreases with the PPN parameter. These effects of the PPN parameter on the thick accretion disk could help one to further understand compact objects in the brane-world scenario.
Fiber laser cavity with dynamically transformable topology for switchable bidirectional pulse generation
Authors: Nyushkov B N , Smirnov S V , Ivanenko A V , Khudozhitkova D A , Bednyakova A E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose and study a novel type of fiber laser cavities which features dynamically transformable topology and enables pulse-to-pulse directional switching of the intracavity laser power flow. The key element of the proposed fiber cavity configuration is a fast 2 × 2 waveguide electrooptic switch (WEOS) which links a Sagnac-like (bidirectional) passive fiber loop with a unidirectional fiber loop incorporating an optical amplifier (OA) (rare-earth- or semiconductor-based). Electronic control of the WEOS port-to-port transmittance enables reversable gradual transformation of the laser cavity topology. This transformation results in directional switching of the laser radiation circulation in the Sagnac fiber loop. Proper dynamics of such transformation allows obtaining of complementary pulse trains from the counter-directional outputs in the Sagnac fiber loop. We validated this capability in a proof-of-concept transformable fiber cavity employing a semiconductor OA. The proposed cavity configuration enables switchable bidirectional pulse generation in various regimes including mode-locked ones.
Synthesis and characterizations of zinc peroxide by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) and zinc oxide nanoparticles by simple and low-temperature heating treatment
Authors: Perdana M Y , Hassan M , Ramelan A H , Gondal M A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have interesting properties. Thus, they have the potential to be applied as optoelectronic devices. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method is one of the top-down synthesis methods which have several advantages, such as its low cost, no need for a vacuum environment, and relatively fast synthesizing nanoparticle materials. Nd-YAG laser with a second harmonic generator was used as the laser beam source for the experiment. The mixture of zinc powder, deionized water, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidizing agent was treated by the PLAL method. Heating treatment was applied to the samples. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometry, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were applied as the sample characterization methods. X-Ray diffraction characterizations confirmed ZnO2 nanocrystal and ZnO nanocrystal, which were synthesized from ZnO2 through an annealing process. From UV-vis spectrophotometry, the values of 4.57 eV and 3.33 eV were obtained as the bandgap energy for ZnO2 and ZnO, respectively. FTIR spectra shows absorption peaks for ZnO2 and ZnO.
Optimization of photoanode on dye-sensitized solar cell structure using k-nearest neighbor method
Authors: Paramitha T , Supriyanto A , Marcus S , Purwanto A , Widiyandari H , Aliwarga H K , Kisdina R H , Nisa S S , Subekti N Y S , Kisdina R T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have recently gained significant attention in a number of markets and are recognized as a better option for energy generation than conventional ones, providing clean, sustainable, and renewable green energy. Several studies have focused on photoanode optimization using machine learning. Photoanode produces performance results in the form of Voc and Isc, which are then used as model training and validation data. The highest predictive results were obtained for A3+A2 (TiO2 18NR-T and TiO2 R/SP). The TiO2 layers combinations were prepared according to the optimization training performed was carried out with an efficiency of 2.630%.
Synthesis and characterization of complex of copper(II) with hydantoin
Authors: Dewi M H C , Syaima H , Wahyuningsih S , Lestari W W , Rahardjo S B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to find out the way of synthesis, formulas, electronic spectra, magnetic properties, and infrared spectra formed from copper(II) with hydantoin. Copper(II)-hydantoin complex has been synthesized with a mole ratio of 1:2 metal to ligand in methanol. The empirical formula of the complex estimated from the analysis of copper content in the complex was Cu(hydantoin)3SO4(H2O)n (n = 3, 4 or 5). Electrical conductivity showed the ratio of the cation: anion charge in the complex was 1:1. Thermal analysis estimated the existence of four water molecules as both ligand and hydrate. The proposed formula of the complex was [Cu(hydantoin)3(H2O)]SO4·3H2O. The electronic spectra showed an absorption peak at 795 nm. Measurement of magnetic moment with Magnetic Susceptibility Balance (MSB) shows that the complex is paramagnetic with μeff of 1.81 B.M. This indicates that the complex has a square planar structure. IR spectra data showed a shift in the absorption of one of the N-H functional groups on the hydantoin which showed coordination on the central atom.
Doping of magnesium and aluminum ions on tio2 as photoanode using the doctor blade method to increase dssc efficiency
Authors: Anisa S D N , Nurosyid F , Iriani Y , Puspitasari N D , Riyadi U 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most commonly used photoanode material for working electrodes in DSSC. TiO2 was chosen because of its stable performance. The electron transport process in the pores of TiO2 nanoparticles occurs randomly. Thus, it will cause a charge recombination process, decreasing the device’s performance. TiO2 needs to be modified by the addition of doping. The dopings used in this study are magnesium and aluminum ions with varying concentrations of 4%, 5%, and 6% using the doctor blade method. The characterizations carried out include absorbance and bandgap with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Morphology with SEM, and efficiency of DSSC with I-V Keithley Meter. The results of UV-Vis characterization obtained the highest absorbance peak when Al and Mg-doped in the wavelength range (250-600) nm. The band gap energy value is at 5% concentration of Mg doping in 1.9 eV and 5% doping of Al concentration in 2.4 eV. The results of the SEM test showed that morphological results obtained greater agglomeration along with the addition of doping. Efficiency results were obtained when doping Al concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6% respectively are 0.205%, 0.415%, 0.275% and when doping of Mg concentrations are 4%, 5%, 6% respectively 0.03%, 0 0.06%, 0.018%.
The effect combination of porang tuber starch-manitol on the physical properties of bajakah root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) dried aquous extract lozenges
Authors: Ermawati D E , Rahmasari M , Susanto N C A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bajakah root infuse was consumed to restore energy by Kalimantan people because it contains antioxidant, but it is not practical and efficient. Lozenges are preferred drug delivery for all ages compared to conventional tablets. Mannitol is a choice filler for lozenges because cold and sweet taste. It has hygroscopic properties, so it needs to be combined with starch. This study aimed to determine the effect of porang tuber starch in combination with mannitol on the physical properties of bajakah root dried extract lozenges. Bajakah roots were extracted using infundation and dried using a freeze dryer. The antioxidant activity of it was using the DPPH method. Porang tuber starch was extracted using water at a ratio of 1:3. Lozenges of bajakah were made with ratio of porang tuber starch-mannitol (1: 9) as filler using the dry granulation method. Physical properties were tested, including flow time, angle of repose, weight uniformity, hardness, brittleness, disintegration time, and dissolution time. The IC50 value obtained is 0.155 mg/mL. The proportion of porang tuber starch-mannitol (1: 9) resulted the physical properties namely a flow time of 4.87±0.76 seconds; angle of repose 28.91±0.99°; weight uniformity that met the requirements; hardness 10.03±2.06 Kg; friability 0.98%; disintegration time 8.34±1.89 minutes. The dissolution efficiency at 60 minutes resulted in 82.66%. It has met the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 5th Ed.
Fabrication and Characterization of LiCoO2 and LiNi1Mn1Co1O2 as Cathode Material in Battery
Authors: Fuady M.I.A. , Lestari I.D. , Ramelan A.H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles is caused by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions contributed by burning fossil fuels in conventional vehicles. As electric storage, lithium-ion batteries are used in electric vehicles. In this paper, the cathode material battery of LiCoO2 and LiNi1Mn1Co1O2 were fabricated and characterized. The characterizations of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Charge-Discharge (CD) were conducted to examine functional groups, material crystallinity, morphology, composition, and capacity of the LiCoO2 and LiNi1Mn1Co1O2 batteries. The results of FTIR indicate the battery contains oxalate. XRD results show a curve with narrow and sharp peak indicating the battery has high crystallinity. LiCoO2 composition is form of O, and Co with even distribution and radius in the range of 2 – 5 μm. For LiNi1Mn1Co1O2 is form of N, Mn and Co with atomic composition ratio of N : Mn : Co close to 1:1:1 and range of radius 30-40 μm. The specific capacity of LiCoO2 batteries is kept as 105.73 mAh/g and 291.05 mAh/g for LiNi1Mn1Co1O2 batteries.
Reconstruction of missing data of the PandaX-III
experiment TPC using neural network
Authors: Lobasenko A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The PandaX-III is a Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (NLDBD) experiment which uses a Time
Projection Chamber (TPC) detector with a readout plane formed of Micromegas modules, which allows
reconstruction of track topology for the background discrimination as well as reconstruction of
the energy of the events. In NLDBD experiments, in order to achieve the highest sensitivity to the
decay, it is necessary for the detector to have a high energy resolution, the background level
should be low, and techniques for background discrimination must be applied as well. In reality,
inhomogeneous signal gain at each module and the presence of missing channels lead to an incorrect
energy reconstruction of the events. In this work, a method based on a Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN) aiming to reconstruct the kinematics of the event from imperfect data with missing
channels is presented. Preliminary results of the reconstruction of the missing data using CNN
are showing an increase in detection efficiency. The detection efficiency was evaluated on the
simulated data with three channels randomly chosen per Micromegas module and artificially set as
missing. Direct reconstruction of the energy gives the efficiency of 78%, while after applying
CNN it increases to 86%, providing a promising application of this technique.
Extracting relaxational features from measurements of sound speeds for gas sensing
Authors: Zhang X. , Zhang K. , Pan C. , Jia C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, gas sensing methods by jointly measuring
acoustic relaxation absorption and sound speeds have become a
research focus in acoustic fields. However, the existing methods are
difficult to be employed in practical gas detection due to complex
measurement processes and large measurement errors when measuring
the sound relaxational absorption. Furthermore, the acoustic
relaxation absorption spectrum's small signal is hard to be measured
because of the noise and large classical relaxation in the
high-frequency range. In this paper, a gas sensing method is
proposed by only measuring the sound speeds at the three
frequencies, avoiding the problems of measuring the acoustic
absorption spectrum. First, sound speeds are measured at three
frequency points; second, the relaxation strength and the relaxation
time of the acoustic relaxation features are extracted; finally, the
absorption spectral peak is acquired and located for gas
detection. The simulation results verify the feasibility of our
method, and the detection errors from the measurement errors of
sound speeds can be eliminated effectively. Thus, our work provides
a high-accurate and simple acoustic method for gas sensing.
Global risk of heat stress to cattle from climate change
Authors: North Michelle A , Franke James A , Ouweneel Birgitt , Trisos Christopher H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cattle farming is a major source of global food production and livelihoods that is being impacted by climate change. However, despite numerous studies reporting local-scale heat impacts, quantifying the global risk of heat stress to cattle from climate change remains challenging. We conducted a global synthesis of documented heat stress for cattle using 164 records to identify temperature-humidity conditions associated with decreased production and increased mortality, then projected how future greenhouse gas emissions and land-use decisions will limit or exacerbate heat stress, and mapped this globally. The median threshold for the onset of negative impacts on cattle was a temperature-humidity index of 68.8 (95% C.I.: 67.3–70.7). Currently, almost 80% of cattle globally are exposed to conditions exceeding this threshold for at least 30 days a year. For global warming above 4°C, heat stress of over 180 days per year emerges in temperate regions, and year-round heat stress expands across all tropical regions by 2100. Limiting global warming to 2°C, limits expansion of 180 days of heat stress to sub-tropical regions. In all scenarios, severity of heat stress increases most in tropical regions, reducing global milk yields. Future land-use decisions are an important driver of risk. Under a low environmental protection scenario (SSP3-RCP7.0), the greatest expansion of cattle farming is projected for tropical regions (especially Amazon, Congo Basin, and India), where heat stress is projected to increase the most. This would expose over 500 million more cattle in these regions to severe heat risk by 2090 compared to 2010. A less resource-intensive and higher environmental protection scenario (SSP1-RCP2.6) reduces heat risk for cattle by at least 50% in Asia, 63% in South America, and 84% in Africa. These results highlight how societal choices that expand cattle production in tropical forest regions are unsustainable, both worsening climate change and exposing hundreds of millions more cattle to large increases in severe, year-round heat stress.