bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Marmarou and Foda model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) improves percentage survival of rats at 24 h and increases the amount of DAI identified
Authors: Fernández‐Liste Alberto , González‐Cantalapiedra Antonio , Cascallana José L. , García‐Caballero Tomás , Gallego Rosalía 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMore than two decades ago, Marmarou published a valid model for producing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Since then, both mild and severe injuries have been obtained by researchers using the original method and a weight of 450 g. However, the diffuse brain injuries produced in rats were only similar to those seen in humans when the rats sustained severe brain injuries. In these cases, rat mortality in the original article was around 50%, and the cause of death was prolonged apnea post‐impact. Rat survival after impact is critical for studying the progression of DAI. In order to explain the cause of death in human victims with cranial trauma who do not show gross brain injury, testing for the presence of DAI is essential. Thus, in order to minimize local and cervical injuries to increase rat survival, attention should be paid to the following aspects: a wider head protector disc should be used, the head of the rat should be elevated at the time of impact, and the foam bed should be soft enough to allow the movement caused by acceleration. With our modified method, rat survival increased by 30% compared to the original model (80% versus 50%). Moreover, 85.7% of rats demonstrated DAI after 24 h of survival. With these modifications, injuries appear in the same locations as in humans; thus, the method is suitable for the study of traumatic DAI in humans.
Assessment of fluid responsiveness in children using respiratory variations in descending aortic flow
Authors: Karlsson Jacob , Peters Eric , Denault André , Beaubien‐Souligny William , Karsli Cengiz , Roter Evan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe primary aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of respiratory variations in descending aortic flow, measured with two‐dimensional echo at the suprasternal notch (ΔVpeak dAo), to predict fluid responsiveness in anesthetized mechanically ventilated children. In addition, variations in peak descending aortic flow measured with apical transthoracic echo (ΔVpeak LVOT) were examined for the same properties.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients under general anesthesia were investigated in this prospective observational study. Cardiac output, ΔVpeak dAo, and ΔVpeak LVOT were measured at stable conditions after anesthesia induction. The measurements were repeated after a 10 mL kg−1 fluid bolus. Patients were classified as responders if stroke volume index increased by >15% after fluid bolus. The ability of each parameter to predict fluid responsiveness was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were analyzed, mean age and weight 43 months and 16 kg, respectively. Twelve responders and 15 non‐responders were identified. ΔVpeak dAo was significantly higher in the responder group (14%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12%–17%) compared to the non‐responder group (11%, 95% CI: 9%–13%) (p = .04) at baseline. Area under the ROC curve for ΔVpeak dAo and ΔVpeak LVOT was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.52–0.89, p = .02) and 0.56 (0.34–0.78, p = .3), respectively. A baseline level of ΔVpeak dAo of >14% predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 58% (95% CI: 28%–85%) and specificity of 73% (95% CI: 45%–92%).ConclusionIn mechanically ventilated children, ΔVpeak dAo identified fluid responders with moderate diagnostic power in the current study. ΔVpeak LVOT failed to predict fluid responders in the current study.
Influence of vegetation regeneration and agricultural land use on lizard composition, taxonomic and functional diversity between different vegetation types in Caatinga domain, Brazil
Authors: Brasileiro Ana Carolina , Benício Ronildo Alves , Gonçalves‐Sousa José Guilherme , Ávila Robson Waldemar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic changes in habitats are one of the main threats to biodiversity. Understanding how species diversity and their functions are affected by these changes is crucial to assess environmental impacts. In this work, we aim to understand how lizard composition, taxonomic and functional diversity respond to differences in native vegetation regeneration stages (conserved vegetation and open secondary vegetation) and agricultural land use in different vegetation types (Caatinga sensu stricto, Cerrado sensu stricto and Relictual Humid Forest) in Caatinga domain, Brazil. In more degraded areas (open secondary vegetation and agricultural areas), we found a decline in species evenness, shown by greater dominance of few species. Moreover, we found a lower functional evenness in agricultural areas than in areas of conserved vegetation, which suggests that a smaller portion of functional traits present greater dominance in more anthropized areas. We did not detect any significant differences in species richness, but we did registered differences in species composition in Relictual Humid Forest. Contrary to our expectations, lizard abundance was also greater in more degraded areas, probably as a result of the increased abundance of species benefited by anthropization. In this work, we advance the knowledge of how anthropogenic changes influence lizard diversity and emphasize the importance of analysing different facets of diversity and different habitat environments to understand how anthropization affects patterns in community ecology.
Newly imported proteins in mitochondria are particularly sensitive to aggregation
Authors: Vazquez‐Calvo Carmela , Kohler Verena , Höög Johanna L. , Büttner Sabrina , Ott Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimA functional proteome is essential for life and maintained by protein quality control (PQC) systems in the cytosol and organelles. Protein aggregation is an indicator of a decline of PQC linked to aging and disease. Mitochondrial PQC is critical to maintain mitochondrial function and thus cellular fitness. How mitochondria handle aggregated proteins is not well understood. Here we tested how the metabolic status impacts on formation and clearance of aggregates within yeast mitochondria and assessed which proteins are particularly sensitive to denaturation.MethodsConfocal microscopy, electron microscopy, immunoblotting and genetics were applied to assess mitochondrial aggregate handling in response to heat shock and ethanol using the mitochondrial disaggregase Hsp78 as a marker for protein aggregates.ResultsWe show that aggregates formed upon heat or ethanol stress with different dynamics depending on the metabolic state. While fermenting cells displayed numerous small aggregates that coalesced into one large foci that was resistant to clearance, respiring cells showed less aggregates and cleared these aggregates more efficiently. Acute inhibition of mitochondrial translation had no effect, while preventing protein import into mitochondria by inhibition of cytosolic translation prevented aggregate formation.ConclusionCollectively, our data show that the metabolic state of the cells impacts the dynamics of aggregate formation and clearance, and that mainly newly imported and not yet assembled proteins are prone to form aggregates. Because mitochondrial functionality is crucial for cellular metabolism, these results highlight the importance of efficient protein biogenesis to maintain the mitochondrial proteome operational during metabolic adaptations and cellular stress.
Adventurous play in schools: The parent perspective
Authors: Nesbit Rachel J. , Harvey Kate , Parveen Sajida , Dodd Helen F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdventurous play (play that is exciting and thrilling, where children take age‐appropriate risks, for example climbing trees and jumping from rocks) is increasingly being recognised as beneficial for child health and development. Despite this, children's opportunities for and engagement in this type of play have declined in recent decades. Break times in schools may provide an ideal opportunity to provide adventurous play opportunities for all children. Recent work has identified myriad factors that help and hinder schools in offering adventurous play opportunities, but parent perspectives have largely been absent. Through one‐to‐one semistructured qualitative interviews, this study aimed at capture parents' perspectives on adventurous play happening in schools and what they perceive as the key barriers to and facilitators of adventurous play in schools. The findings were analysed using reflective thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: Needs, Schools as Gatekeepers, Risks and Benefits, Societal Constraints and Individual Differences. Findings are discussed with reference to parental support for adventurous play, as well as parent and school level needs that should be addressed if barriers that may hinder adventurous play opportunities in school are to be overcome.
How gender mainstreaming plays out in Tanzania's climate‐smart agricultural policy: Isomorphic mimicry of international discourse
Authors: Smith Ruth , Mdee Anna , Sallu Susannah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotivationGender mainstreaming is often promoted internationally as the vehicle of choice to achieve gender equality. Concepts of mainstreaming are commonly seen in climate‐smart agriculture (CSA), where it is proposed that they can bridge gender gaps in agricultural input use and productivity. The rhetoric of mainstreaming, however, often relies upon and perpetuates gender myths and assumptions.PurposeWe investigate how gender mainstreaming has spread into Tanzania's agricultural policies. We ask whether the government has the capacity to put these concepts into practice to address gender inequality. We explore this in the context of CSA, an increasingly important aspect of agricultural policy.Methods and approachUsing the literature on policy transfer and isomorphism, we critically analyse gendered discourse in Tanzania's CSA policies to explore how gender is problematised and governed within policy. We use NVivo 12 to inductively code policy documents. We support these insights with the observations of key informants.FindingsWe find little evidence that gender has been effectively mainstreamed in Tanzania's CSA policies. We see a gap between the normative goal of gender mainstreaming and the practices intended to address gender (and intersectional) inequalities. The gap is made all the wider by limited recognition within government‐from national to local—of how such inequalities affect agriculture. Not only are policies detached from local contexts leading to infeasible plans, but also local government lacks both resources and capacity to implement them.Policy implicationsOur study calls into question much of the global discourse on gender mainstreaming, especially the myths that support it. It shows how representing the problem in a particular way can lead to dysfunctional policy.A better approach would be to start with understanding the various inequalities seen in agriculture in Tanzania, inequalities of gender but also of class. It would take into account the capacity to implement policy in the field. A more practical approach, tailored to the realities of rural Tanzania, would benefit the people of Tanzania more than just imitating questionable international discourse.
High‐commitment HRM practices during the financial crisis in Portugal: Employees' and HR perspectives
Authors: Dello Russo Silvia , Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Caetano Antonio , Passos Ana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the recent decades, organizations have had to face a number of major external shocks and crises. Acquiring a better understanding of how human resources are managed under such critical conditions constitutes the main purpose of this study. We conducted a study triangulating different sources (employees, HR managers, and secondary data) and types of data (quantitative and qualitative) to explore how employees in Portuguese organizations perceived the HR practices' implementation during the years of the financial crisis (2011–2014) and how HR managers explained it. Longitudinal evidence from 53 organizations attests to perceived decreasing trends, particularly in training and development and performance management. HR managers legitimize these trends, embracing conventions and revealing the impact of coercive and normative pressures. Our findings highlight the need for renewed attention to be paid to the contextual pressures on HR managers' decision‐making and actions that could severely endanger their role as strategic partners and their embrace of sustainable HRM.
Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease with valosin‐containing protein gene mutation
Authors: Kim Yoon Seob , Park Don Gueu , Kim Min Seung , Yoon Jung Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMutations in the gene encoding valosin‐containing protein (VCP) are related to myriad medical conditions, including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inclusion body myopathy, and frontotemporal dementia. There are several reports of a link between these mutations and early onset Parkinson disease (PD).Case descriptionWe report a 53‐year‐old PD patient with VCP mutation who later developed motor complications, thus receiving subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the age of 56 years. However, myopathy emerged 1.5 years after surgery.ConclusionsWith the phenotype variability of VCP, DBS should be carefully evaluated, considering the possible unfavorable long‐term outcomes due to other symptoms of this mutation.
Effect of collagen sponge and flowable resin composite on pain management after free gingival graft harvesting: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Meza‐Mauricio Jonathan , Mourão Elisa Ribeiro Sá Tscherbakowski , Oliveira Marinho Kelson , Vergara‐Buenaventura Andrea , Mendoza‐Azpur Gerardo , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Faveri Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of the application of a flowable resin composite coating, over a collagen sponge stabilized with suture, on postoperative pain after free gingival graft harvesting. Thirty‐two free gingival grafts were harvested from the palate in 32 patients, who were subsequently randomized to have only a collagen sponge stabilized with sutures applied to the palatal wound (control), or to have the collagen sponge coated with a flowable resin composite (test). Patients were observed for 14 days, and the pain level was evaluated by using a numerical rating scale. The consumption of analgesics during the postoperative period and the characteristic of the graft were also analyzed. The patients in the test group reported having experienced significantly less pain statistically than the patients in the control group throughout the study. The consumption of analgesics was lower in the test group. The dimensions of harvested grafts in the control and test groups showed no significant differences in height, width, and thickness. In conclusion, the addition of flowable resin composite coating to the hemostatic collagen sponge on the palatal wound following free gingival graft harvesting helped to minimize postoperative pain.
The perks of being in good conditions: How does female parasitism affect male mate choice in an orb‐web spider?
Authors: da Silva Amanda Vieira , Almeida João Gabriel Lacerda de 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is assumed that males increase their reproductive performance by mating with the highest number of females. However, in some species males are reproductively constrained, being able to mate only a few times. In these cases, it is expected that males choose the highest quality females available. One factor that can change female quality is parasitism, however, many empirical studies fail to find conclusive support for a non‐parasitized female preference. This might be due to the fact that behavioral tests in many studies are made in a controlled environment or use indirect measures of mate choice. Using a natural‐environment approach, we tested whether the mate choice of the golden orb‐web spiderTrichonephila clavipesmale is affected by the presence of the parasite in the female. We hypothesize that males will prefer to establish on webs of non‐parasitized females and will attempt to mate and copulate more with non‐parasitized females over parasitized ones. For this, we conducted field observations for 76 h. We found that males prefer to establish on non‐parasitized female webs than on parasitized ones. However, there was no difference between the number of attempts to mate and copulations of parasitized and non‐parasitized females. It seems that males can distinguish between parasitized and non‐parasitized females, but once they establish on a female web, they are resistant to leave. One possible explanation is that some males stay on a parasitized female web to avoid competition with other males. Therefore, it is possible that mating with parasitized females represents a “making the best of a bad job” mating tactic inT. clavipes.
Life history and stock synthesis assessment of Prionotus punctatus (Teleostei, Triglidae) in southern Brazil
Authors: Rodriguez Andrea Renata , Haimovici Manuel , Kikuchi Eidi , Sant'Ana Rodrigo , Mourato Bruno L. , Alvarez Perez Jose Angel , Cardoso Luís Gustavo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge, growth, and maturity of the bluewing searobin Prionotus punctatus were studied to assess its stock status in southern Brazil. Total length compositions, weight, sex, and maturity stage were recorded from commercial landings, and ages were estimated from transverse sections of the sagittal otolith. The oldest observed specimen was a 12‐year‐old female. Females grew to a larger asymptotic length (L∞ = 384.4 mm) than males (L∞ = 311.7 mm) but at a slower instantaneous rate (kfemales = 0.41 year−1, kmales = 0.75 year−1). Reproduction occurred from spring to early fall. Females size‐ and age‐at‐maturity was estimated at 246.8 mm and 1.66 years, while males were at 237.2 mm and 1.38 years. Based on a statistical catch‐at‐age stock assessment, the spawning biomass declined 84% from 1976 to 2000 being classified as overfished and suffering from overfishing (B/Bmsy = 0.62; F/Fmsy >1). P. punctatus was regularly discarded by industrial fisheries before 2000 but suffered from high exploitation in the last decades. These results highlight the need for the species to be included in Brazil's fishery management plans.
Sedimentary ancient DNA of rotifers reveals responses to 200 years of climate change in two Kenyan crater lakes
Authors: Kyalo‐Omamo Margaret , Junginger Annett , Krueger Johanna , Epp Laura S. , Stoof‐Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Rohland Stefanie , Trauth Martin H. , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) has proven to be a useful tool for palaeoenvironmental studies, but only a handful of studies exist so far for tropical regions. In this study we used sedaDNA to study the temporal succession of Brachionus spp. rotifer mitochondrial DNA haplotypes using two sediment cores from two climatically different alkaline‐saline crater lakes from the Kenyan Rift Valley.

Data were retrieved from a sediment core (dating back to AD 1800) from Lake Kageinya, located in the remote, hot and hyper‐arid Suguta Valley. sedaDNA was used to study the temporal succession of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Brachionus spp. rotifers. The results were compared to previously published data from Lake Sonachi, a well‐studied lake in the humid and colder mountainous region of Kenya near the town of Naivasha, now supported by a 210Pb age chronology.

Both records extend back before the onset of substantial anthropogenic impact in these regions. The results revealed that climate—rather than anthropogenic impact—was most strongly correlated with haplotype changes in both lakes. During prolonged dry periods (such as from AD 1910 to the late AD 1960s), certain haplotypes persisted. Sudden changes and the emergence of alter native haplotypes were observed when climate became more humid or during episodes of highly variable climate (before AD 1910 and from AD 1960s onwards).

Progressive changes in prevailing haplotypes during periods with variable climate could reflect local adaptation and/or be the result of immigration of new haplotypes after the eradication of previous populations during extreme environmental conditions (high temperatures, UV irradiation, pH and salinity).

The results indicate that, despite adverse chemical conditions, sedaDNA in tropical lake sediments is preserved for at least a few hundred years. Therefore, its analysis provides a useful complementary palaeoenvironmental proxy for palaeolimnological reconstructions and novel insights on changes in rotifer populations through time.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of cyclooxygenase‐2 and mast cell density in periapical lesions
Authors: Malik Shashibala , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimPeriapical granuloma (PG) and cyst (PC) are formed as a protective response consequent to pulpal infection leaching through the apical foramen and lateral canals. Various inflammatory mediators like mast cells and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 are involved in this intricate process. This pilot study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of tryptase and COX‐2 in periapical granuloma and periapical cyst, and also correlate them with intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of cystic epithelial lining.MethodologyAn observational and cross‐sectional study was conducted on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 50 PGs and 50 PCs submitted for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐tryptase and anti‐COX‐2 antibodies. The mean number of mast cells (total, granulated and degranulated), mean COX‐2 expression and inflammatory score was calculated. The data obtained were analysed using Mann Whitney U, Student's T, Chi‐square and Spearman correlation test (p < .05).ResultsThe inflammatory score, total mast cells and COX‐2 expression were similar in PGs and PCs (p = .352, .339 and .352) however, the degranulated mast cells were highly significant in PC while granulated mast cells were highly significant in PG respectively (p < .001 in both). Although a non‐significant correlation existed between COX‐2 and total mast cells in both groups but, total mast cells were significantly correlated with epithelial thickness in PC (p = .029).ConclusionsMast cells and cyclooxygenase‐2 proved to be independent inflammatory markers in periapical lesions. Further studies should be planned on mast cell and COX‐2 inhibitors as treatment modalities of periapical lesions.