bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Using Slow-Release Urea on Food Compound Digestion Coefficient and some Rumen and Blood Fluid Traits in Awassi Lambs
Authors: Hashem Waseem A. , Tayeb M. A. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I completed this study in the fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul to find out the effect of adding slow-release urea to the concentrated diet gradually instead of rapidly release urea in an attempt to improve the efficiency of feed utilization and improve rumen conditions and the reflection of that Digestion of compounds and nutrients in rams using 4 Awassi lambs aged between 9-12 months distributed into four treatments fed on a concentrated diet close in energy and protein content and different in its content of urea that It was gradually replaced by slow-release urea (menogen) where the first treatment (1.5% urea only), the second treatment (1% urea and 0.6% slow decomposition urea), the third treatment (0.5% urea and 1.2% slow decomposition urea) and the fourth (1.8% slow decomposition urea only) took the study took four e×perimental periods, each period lasting 19 days (14 days introductory period and 5 days sample collection period) with a cross over design. The digestibility coefficient of dry matter ingested was (74.74, 75.91, 76.14 and 75.87%), and the digestibility coefficient of protein reached (85.67, 86.70, 87.89 and 88.29) % and the coefficient of fiber digestion (29.64, 28.96, 49.53 and 41.43) % respectively for the four coefficients. The results did not indicate significant differences in the pH value of rumen fluid before feeding and two hours after feeding. While the results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen liquid before feeding, where it amounted to 4.95, 6.07, 5.0 and 5.52 mmol / 100 mol, and significant differences were noted (p<0.05) in the number of bacteria before feeding, as it amounted to (45.25, 25.75, 13.25 and 26.50103× / ml), and two hours after feeding amounted to (22.50, 19.75 and 48). 75 and 52,00103× (/ ml and the numbers of protozoa before feeding, as it amounted to (12.00, 4.50, 6.00 and 7.00) 103× / ml and two hours after feeding, as it amounted to (5.25, 7.75, 12.75 and 6.50) 103× / ml rumen fluid respectively and the fourth. Through the results, it was noted that there is a positive effect of adding menogen to the diets of Awassi lambs in digestion and some characteristics of the rumen.
The Effect of Dry Farming and Water Stress under Subsurface Drip Irrigation System on Water and Rice Productivity
Authors: Ati Alaa S. , Masood Tareq K. , Jasim Abdulrazzak A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the 2020 season at the College of Agricultural Engineering/ University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya to evaluate the effect of dry farming when applying water stress under the subsurface drip irrigation system on water productivity and rice yield. The experiment was conducted with three levels of irrigation water stress when 10, 20 and 40% of the available water was depleted and in three dimensions between drip lines 10, 15 and 20 cm. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design, according to the split plot design, with three replications. Determine the depth of irrigation water depending on the moisture depletion of the soil, the results showed a difference in the depth of water according to the moisture depletion, which amounted to 900 mm. Season-1 treatment for 10% depletion and decreased to 10 and 16.6% when 20 and 40% of the prepared water was depleted, respectively. The intervention between drip lines and irrigation treatments led to a significant increase in grain yield when using a distance of 10 cm and irrigation when 10% of the available water was depleted. There were no significant differences in grain yield at I10 despite the difference in the distance between the drip lines. The efficiency of field and crop water use and the profitability of water outperformed I10.
Variation of some Water Quality Parameters with Fluctuation of Groundwater Table in Wana Sub-District Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Aarajy Ghazwan Ghanem , Al-Azzo Omar Nabhan , Mahmood Hazim Jumaa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of groundwater fluctuation on some water quality characteristics in the Wana region of Northern Iraq. The fluctuations in water table levels in 18 tube wells were monitored to find out if there is a relationship between water table levels with some water quality factors. Groundwater samples were collected monthly from September 2020 to April 2021. Electric conductivity (EC), temperature, pH, water table level, total hardness (TH), sulfate and nitrate concentrations were all measured monthly for eight months. The results showed a wide range of water salinity variation ranging from 715 to 4420 µmohs/cm, with more than half of the examined samples exceeding 3000 µmohs/cm. Even in the same wells, water salinity varied during the monthly monitoring. The depth to the water table ranged from 3.39 to 37.56 m, depending on the topography, recharge rate, and aquifer conditions in the area. All of the wells produced very hard water as a result of the dissolution of gypsum and anhydrite bedrock, with about 84% having high sulphate concentrations of over 250 mg/l. More than a quarter of the samples tested showed pollution with nitrate at concentrations extremely close to or over 50 mg/l. It was found that there is no obvious correlation between groundwater quality properties and the fluctuation of the water table.
Effect of Levels of Organic Matter on Adsorption and Liberation of Gypsum Soil
Authors: Algnaby Yasir Hamod , Aldawri Hawazin Dyaa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In an experiment for iron adsorption for nine levels of iron (0,1,2,5,10,25,50,100,200)mg/L. This experiment was carried out to find the behaviour of iron in soils of varying gypsum and organic content to know the conditions for adsorption and liberation of iron in them, using three gypsums (10,20,30)% with percentages of organic matter from sheep feces (0,1,2)%. The Langmeyer equation, the Feinrendlach equation, and the Timken equation were used, through which the most excellent adsorption and binding energy were calculated. The most outstanding adsorption values were In medium gypsum soil with sheep feces (2%) with a ratio in the Langmeyer equation (46.948) mg/kg. The highest binding energy value was (7.497) L.mg-1 in soils with low gypsum content as a control. Lanckmeyer equation was chosen as the best It is fair to describe the adsorption process with a capacity determination coefficient of (85)%. In comparison, the highest value for the maximum adsorption of the Freindlch equation was recorded (0.788) litre.mg-1 in soils with high gypsum content with sheep feces by (2%). The highest percentage of binding energy in medium soils, gypsum control, was (16.195) mg.kg-1. The highest binding energy value in the Tamken equation was (12.436) mg.kg-1 in medium gypsum control soil. The highest binding energy value was (2.844) L.kg-1 in medium gypsum soil control. As for the liberation experiment, the highest values for liberated iron were in the high levels of addition (18.513) mg.kg-1 in soils with low gypsum content (2)% of sheep feces, noting the low values Released iron with low values of adsorbed iron.
Study and Evaluation of Soil Contamination with some Heavy Metals According to International Standards for Pollution
Authors: Al-Mashhadi Mortada Jabr Hussein , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to assess soil pollution with some selected elements according to the use of international pollution standards. Three areas were selected (Baghdad, Hilla, Diwaniyah) along both sides of the outer highway extending from Diwaniyah to Baghdad at specific distances ranging from (10, 20, 50, and 100 m) and surface depths of (30 cm). The results showed, through international pollution standards, all soils were contaminated with heavy elements (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn), which were contaminated between medium to heavy elements but did not exceed internationally allowed limits except for Cd. The results also showed that the increase in concentrations of these heavy elements has led to an increase in the values of the pollution load index (PLI). Hence, these soils are contaminated with heavy elements. Other than that, they fall within the level (PLI>1), which indicates a confirmed pollution state and the deterioration of the soil of those areas on both sides of the extended highway between Baghdad and Diwaniyah. Thus, this soil has a high accumulation of long-term concentrations and toxic effects, which poses a great risk to public health after entering the food chain.
Assessment the Impact of Climate Changes on Snow Cover Area Using Landsat Data in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Altemimi Doaa G. , Al-Lami Alaa M. , Hashim Bassim M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Snow due to its unique reflective nature and wide surface exposure is an important component of the Earth’s radiation balance. Data from Landsat5 TM and Landsat8 OLI images were used to detect the change in snow cover, values of water bodies, and land surface temperature during the study period years 1987, 1999, 2009, and 2022. ArcGIS 10.8 is used to determine the variations and calculate NDSI, NDSInw, NDWI, and LST index indices. This study aimed to monitor the snow cover area in Sulaymaniyah city, northeastern Iraq, and evaluate the impact of climate changes on snow cover. The results showed significant changes in the snow cover, and the area and percentage of snow cover decreased continuously during the study periods. Some regions have preserved the snow cover and these regions are concentrated in the northeastern part of the province. The finding also revealed that NDSI overestimated the amount of snow and ice cover, because it employs the near-infrared and visible bands, and NDSInw can extract ice cover in areas with water cover more effectively due to its usage of the NIR band.
The competitive advantage of sustainable construction site practices among contractors in Malaysia
Authors: Xhi Zhuan T , Abidin N I , Darus N , Mohd S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The sustainability of construction projects is an important issue to address since the sector will grow rapidly, especially in developing countries. Excessive resource consumption and climate change due to construction activities have become critical for countries such as Malaysia which have limited natural resources water, electricity and other natural resources. It has increased pressure among construction stakeholders to adopt sustainable practices, especially during the construction phase. As builders of any construction project, contractors play an important role in promoting sustainable development to minimize negative impacts on the environment and society while maximizing their economic contribution. As a result, this research is to investigate the influence of contractors’ sustainable practices during a project’s construction phase and the project’s competitiveness. Forty-five (45) contractors from G1 – G7 are involved in collecting their standpoints on sustainable practices through an online questionnaire survey. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data by conducting the Frequency Analysis and Mean Analysis. This study found that the most potential sustainable practice to be implemented is the ‘reduce method’ due to it is the most effective and efficient method to achieve the low production of construction wastes that meets the purpose of sustainability. While the improved image is found as the top potential competitive advantage for contractors when implementing sustainable practices to have a good corporate image to expand their businesses further. As sustainable practices are becoming more crucial, this study provides insight for contractors to foresee the benefits of adopting sustainable practices to increase their project competitiveness further.
The Awareness Of CIPAA in Remedying Payment Issue Among Contractors In Malaysia
Authors: Kamil AbdulˋIzz Mohd , Amir Siti Sarah Fatihah , Ejau Ruth Lua , Hassan Ahmad Arzlee , Nasir Nasyairi Mat , Muhammad Wan Mohd Nurdden Wan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Payment in the Malaysian construction industry has generally been an issue of concern. The government has embarked on severe afford to reduce payment default issues by enacting the Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act (CIPAA) in 2014. Since CIPAA was relatively new, the possibility of the industry’s key players needing more information and awareness about CIPAA is greater. Thus, this research aims to investigate the current level of awareness of CIPAA and identify the strategies to increase the awareness level of CIPAA among contractors in Malaysia. The research methods used for this study are quantitative. The data are collected from previous studies, journals, articles, questionnaire surveys, and interviews. The result shows that many contractors in Malaysia still need to be made aware of CIPAA. The level of awareness of the contractors in Malaysia towards CIPAA is still low. For future recommendations, the contractor in Malaysia must be provided with more guidelines and awareness regarding the CIPAA.
Comparative Learning Environment of Architectural Design Studio Layout in Malaysia
Authors: Arshard Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd , Kadir Tengku Anis Qarihah Raja Abdul , Aziz Tengku Intan Suraya Tengku , Mokhtar Zuhairah Mohd 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Architecture is a collective art with many design projects of group-based were held. The design culture of the school is influenced by each particular project, which makes the students participate in this critical group discussion and highly urged to work in the studio. This study tends to compare the spatial layout of architectural design studios by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages affecting the student’s productivity. They were differences in the learning cultures among architecture students in universities A, B and C as the local university in Malaysia. The current generation of students demands a smart studio with an interactive spatial design layout, which may foster students’ development, especially in their learning-based studio sessions. This study aims to identify the characteristic of a good spatial design layout suitable for the architectural design course with better anthropometric measurements. The qualitative methodologies involved observation of the studio’s environment based on the three selected universities in Perak, Selangor and Johor Bahru. The comparative analysis involved a few attributes, such as the space layout, walkway distance, lecture space and furniture arrangement in the studio, which affect the student’s learning and the lecturer’s teaching method. In summary, characteristics of a good and conducive learning environment will be highlighted, and recommendations for interactive space for students were proposed for them to learn and work in good conditions by improving the studio’s spatial design.
The Transformation Revealed Concept of Smart City Application in Urban Planning
Authors: Bakhtiar Ida Shaheera , Samsudin Noor Aimran , Orlowski Aleksander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research conducted to reveal a smart city application concept in urban planning. The method is discussed in the context of case studies of smart city concepts in Malaysian states namely Johor, Penang and Selangor, with the efficient and effective state for implementation and application in urban planning being selected. The case study method was utilised to demonstrate the conceptual framework of smart city application in urban planning, as well as seven smart city criteria. The basic requirement for the proposed framework is that individuals must have urban planning expertise in the field of smart city applications. The authors, who are well-versed in urban planning and smart city concepts from the point of view of urban planning, propose a solution relevant to any urban planning circumstance.
Utilizing of 500 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar Antenna Coupling at Different Interval Heights Clearance
Authors: Junoh Mohd Soleh Amin Bin Mat , Sulaiman Saiful Aman Hj , Razali Mohamad Hezri , Rashid Nur Emileen Abd , Mahmood Mohd Khairil Adzhar Bin , Satirapod Chalermchon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of the GPR antenna for underground utility detection purposes is critical to ensuring that buried pipes and cables can be accurately located. Considering the ground coupling antenna is the most effective way to carry out the GPR scan, most of the operators applied this setup to ensure the maximum amount of the electromagnetic wave could be penetrated into the ground. However, the contact between the GPR and the ground surface causes the bottom of the antenna enclosure to become scratched and worn out. Due to the cost and time involved in transportation to replace the antenna protector, a few GPR operators changed the protector to the cheapest one, which affects the characteristics of the antenna and could alter the depth of the underground utilities. A 500 MHz GPR antenna are tested to identify the optimum antenna coupling based on the accuracy assessment at various interval clearance heights in order to reduce damage and preserve the antenna. An experiment was carried out at Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) Kuala Lumpur’s Underground Utility Test Base. Based on the result of the signal strength, the higher the antenna is lifted, the higher the rate of the signal becomes weak or lost. For the depth accuracy test, the high differences in depth when the antenna is lifted up at 4cm to 6cm based on the result of comparison with the standard values provided by the JUPEM. On the other hand, the accuracy of each antenna height is compared and validated based on the Residual Mean Square Error (RMSE). Overall, this study could lead to the conclusion that the result of the assessment is within the acceptable RMSE tolerance, which is below 0.1m. The objective of the research is successfully achieved when the antenna at a 3cm to 6cm interval height setup provides the best clearance based on the criteria of signal strength, depth comparison, and accuracy assessment. Finally, the issue of contact between the antenna and the ground surface, which causes the antenna to become scratched and worn out, could be reduced and preserved as a result of the findings.
Growth of branched nanowires via solution-based Au seed particle deposition
Authors: Adham Kristi , Zhao Yue , Hrachowina Lukas , Alcer David , Wallenberg Reine , Borgström Magnus T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nanowires offer unprecedented flexibility as nanoscale building blocks for future optoelectronic devices, especially with respect to nanowire solar cells and light-emitting diodes. A relatively new concept is that of charge carrier diffusion-induced light-emitting diodes, for which nanowires offer an interesting architecture by use of particle-assisted core-branch growth. The branches should be homogenously distributed along the cores. However, most deposition techniques, such as aerosol particle deposition, mainly yield particles at the nanowire tips for dense nanowire arrays. In this study, we demonstrate a liquid-based approach for homogeneously distributed formation of catalytic Au particles on the core nanowire sidewalls which is cost and time-efficient. Subsequently, we demonstrate the synthesis of dispersed nanowire branches. We show that by changing the deposition parameters, we can tune the number of branches, their dimensions, and their growth direction.
ReProMSig: an integrative platform for development and application of reproducible multivariable models for cancer prognosis supporting guideline-based transparent reporting
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Cao Lihua , Ji Jiafu , Chang David K , Wu Jianmin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adequate reporting is essential for evaluating the performance and clinical utility of a prognostic prediction model. Previous studies indicated a prevalence of incomplete or suboptimal reporting in translational and clinical studies involving development of multivariable prediction models for prognosis, which limited the potential applications of these models. While reporting templates introduced by the established guidelines provide an invaluable framework for reporting prognostic studies uniformly, there is a widespread lack of qualified adherence, which may be due to miscellaneous challenges in manual reporting of extensive model details, especially in the era of precision medicine. Here, we present ReProMSig (Reproducible Prognosis Molecular Signature), a web-based integrative platform providing the analysis framework for development, validation and application of a multivariable prediction model for cancer prognosis, using clinicopathological features and/or molecular profiles. ReProMSig platform supports transparent reporting by presenting both methodology details and analysis results in a strictly structured reporting file, following the guideline checklist with minimal manual input needed. The generated reporting file can be published together with a developed prediction model, to allow thorough interrogation and external validation, as well as online application for prospective cases. We demonstrated the utilities of ReProMSig by development of prognostic molecular signatures for stage II and III colorectal cancer respectively, in comparison with a published signature reproduced by ReProMSig. Together, ReProMSig provides an integrated framework for development, evaluation and application of prognostic/predictive biomarkers for cancer in a more transparent and reproducible way, which would be a useful resource for health care professionals and biomedical researchers.
KOunt: a reproducible KEGG orthologue abundance workflow
Authors: Mattock Jennifer , Martínez-Álvaro Marina , Cleveland Matthew A , Roehe Rainer , Watson Mick 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Summary
Accurate gene prediction is essential for successful metagenome analysis. We present KOunt, a Snakemake pipeline, that precisely quantifies KEGG orthologue abundance.

Availability and implementation
KOunt is available on GitHub: https://github.com/WatsonLab/KOunt. The KOunt reference database is available on figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21269715. Test data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22250152 and version 1.2.0 of KOunt at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23607834.