bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-trait assessment of selected provenances of Scots pine following 50 years of growth on a provenance experiment in Central Poland, in the light of climate change
Authors: Szeligowski Henryk , Buraczyk Włodzimierz , Konecka Agata , Studnicki Marcin , Drozdowski Stanisław 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe unpredictable nature of climate change impacts, e.g. warming producing a latitudinal shift in photoperiod, may modify trees’ rates of survival and capacities for growth. This is also true of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), as one of Europe’s main forest-forming tree species. The best results in the study of tree responses to climate change can be obtained during long-term experiments carried out on provenance trials. Such objects make it possible to precisely determine the growth and adaptation reactions of offspring coming from different soil and climatic conditions to the conditions of the research area. Research of this kind has been conducted by analysing growth in the progeny of 16 different Polish provenances of Scots pine on a single provenance experiment located in the centre of Poland, in an area where annual precipitation is at the rather low average level of 580 mm. The experiment was established in 1966, using a randomised block design with five replicates for each of the tested provenances. In autumn 2015, trees present were monitored and analysis of variance was used for their heights and diameters at breast height, with estimates also made regarding straightness of the trunk, crown width and branching angle. At the same time, ecophysiographic features of the places of occurrence of parent stands for each of the provenances were also analysed, with a quantification of the relationship between the growth traits studied and ecophysiographic features also achieved using PCA, while Ward’s Method of clustering was used to establish provenance groups characterised by multi-trait similarity. In the light of what is known about forecast climate change, it would be possible to transfer progeny of different pine populations, if only from places where levels of precipitation are lower, along with values for the De Martonne aridity index. In practice, Central Poland might play host to the progenies of pines from the western part of the country—as represented here by the Bolewice, Rychtal, Karsko and Gubin provenances. On the other hand, the progenies of pines from stands at higher altitudes will not be suitable for cultivation in lowland locations in Central Poland.
The genetic profile and molecular subtypes of human pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: a systematic review
Authors: Murage Nora Wangari , Ahmed Nada Mabrouk , Underwood Timothy J. , Walters Zoë S. , Breininger Stella Panagio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, progressive, slowly growing neoplastic condition which is poorly understood, with a 5-year progression-free survival rate as low as 48%. PMP is most commonly caused by appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN), and understanding their genetic biology and pathogenicity may allow for the development of better novel systemic treatments to target key deleterious mutations and the implicated pathways. The primary aim of this systematic review was to identify the genetic profile of histologically confirmed human PMP or AMN samples. The secondary aim was to identify whether genetic marks could be used to predict patient survival. Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies investigating the genetic profile of histologically-confirmed human PMP or AMN samples. We review findings of 46 studies totalling 2181 tumour samples. The most frequently identified somatic gene mutations in patients with PMP included KRAS (38–100%), GNAS (17–100%), and TP53 (5–23%); however, there were conflicting results of their effect on survival. Three studies identified molecular subtypes based on gene expression profiles classifying patients into oncogene-enriched, immune-enriched, and mixed molecular subtypes with prognostic value. This review summarises the current literature surrounding genetic aberrations in PMP and AMNs and their potential utility for targeted therapy. Given the recent advances in clinical trials to directly target KRAS and GNAS mutations in other cancers, we propose a rationale to explore these mutations in future pre-clinical studies in PMP with a view for a future clinical trial.
Graphical Abstract
Preservation of human heart valves for replacement in children with heart valve disease: past, present and future
Authors: Peters M. C. , Kruithof B. P. T. , Bouten C. V. C. , Voets I. K. , van den Bogaerdt A. , Goumans M. J. , van Wijk A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractValvular heart disease affects 30% of the new-borns with congenital heart disease. Valve replacement of semilunar valves by mechanical, bioprosthetic or donor allograft valves is the main treatment approach. However, none of the replacements provides a viable valve that can grow and/or adapt with the growth of the child leading to re-operation throughout life. In this study, we review the impact of donor valve preservation on moving towards a more viable valve alternative for valve replacements in children or young adults.
Actual Causation and the Challenge of Purpose
Authors: Fischer Enno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the prospects of employing a functional approach in order to improve our concept of actual causation. Claims of actual causation play an important role for a variety of purposes. In particular, they are relevant for identifying suitable targets for intervention, and they are relevant for our practices of ascribing responsibility. I argue that this gives rise to the challenge of purpose. The challenge of purpose arises when different goals demand adjustments of the concept that pull in opposing directions. More specifically, I argue that a common distinction between certain kinds of preempted and preempting factors is difficult to motivate from an interventionist viewpoint. This indicates that an appropriately revised concept of actual causation would not distinguish between these two kinds of factors. From the viewpoint of retributivist responsibility, however, the distinction between preempted and preempting factors sometimes is important, which indicates that the distinction should be retained.
Ethics of sleep tracking: techno-ethical particularities of consumer-led sleep-tracking with a focus on medicalization, vulnerability, and relationality
Authors: Müller Regina , Kuhn Eva , Ranisch Robert , Hunger Jonathan , Primc Nadia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsumer-targeted sleep tracking applications (STA) that run on mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) promise to be useful tools for the individual user. Assisted by built-in and/or external sensors, these apps can analyze sleep data and generate assessment reports for the user on their sleep duration and quality. However, STA also raise ethical questions, for example, on the autonomy of the sleeping person, or potential effects on third parties. Nevertheless, a specific ethical analysis of the use of these technologies is still missing so far. The aim of the current analysis is to identify the characteristics of sleep tracking apps and to explore the specific ethical aspects associated with this form of self-tracking. Firstly, the field of mobile health applications was screened for STA to explore their typical functions and target user groups. Secondly, an ethical analysis was conducted focusing on the three ethical dimensions: (1) medicalization, (2) vulnerability, and (3) relationality. The analysis indicates that these three normative dimensions are decisive for assessing STA and that the ethical profile of this technology varies greatly depending on the respective user group. As the three dimensions medicalization, vulnerability, and relationality play a distinguishing role in the use of STA, they should be especially addressed in responsible development and implementation of STA. In addition, the analysis helps to evaluate the use of STA, in terms of different risks for specific user groups, the sensitive contexts of usage, and potential interference with the intimacy of third parties.
The effect of board members’ education and experience on the financial performance of German state-owned enterprises
Authors: Sidki Marcus , Boerger Lara , Boll David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin state-owned enterprises (SOEs), supervisory board mandates are often given to politicians, many of whom are selected through political processes in which competence is not necessarily the decisive factor. This paper analyzes the impact of this form of governance, examining the business competence level of supervisory board members and their influence on the financial performance of 58 state-owned utility companies in Germany from 2011 to 2016 by applying OLS regression. For this purpose, the biographical backgrounds of 3350 supervisory board members were compiled to discern their education, management, and industry experience. Contrary to our hypotheses, the empirical analyses show no effects for any of the competence dimensions on companies’ profitability. In a more detailed analysis, we find that board members with management experience from outside the energy sector seem detrimental to the company, which may indicate self-overestimation bias. This result is robust across different specifications and opens up an interesting new approach to analyzing the impact of board member competence on firm performance. The insignificance of the other competence areas indicates a rather low impact of supervisory boards on SOEs based on their unique institutional setting and in comparison to private sector corporate governance. Overall, this study contributes to both scholars and practitioners by providing new insights in the field of public corporate governance, focusing on the unique situation of the competence of politically connected boards and their influence on SOEs.
Sirt1 regulates microglial activation and inflammation following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury by targeting the Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liao Hongyan , Huang Jiagui , Liu Jie , Zhu Huimin , Chen Yue , Li Xuemei , Wen Jun , Yang Qin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCerebral ischemic injury leads to over-activation of microglia, which release pro-inflammatory factors that deteriorate neurological function during the acute phase of stroke. Thus, inhibiting microglial over-activation is crucial for reducing ischemic injury. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) has been shown to play a critical role in stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. However, the effect of Sirt1 on the regulation of microglial activation following cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the underlying mechanism, remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to mainly investigate the effect of Sirt1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated N9 microglia following treatment with the Sirt1 agonists resveratrol and SRT1720 and the Sirt1 antagonist sirtinol.MethodsCell viability, Apoptosis, activation and inflammatory responses of microglia, expressions and activity of Shh signaling pathway proteins were detected by Cell Counting Kit 8, Flow Cytometry, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting, respectively.ResultsThe results demonstrated that treatment with resveratrol or SRT1720 could inhibit the activation of microglia and inflammation during OGD/R. Moreover, these treatments also led to the translocation of the GLI family zinc finger-1 (Gli-1) protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulated the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched homolog-1 (Ptc-1), smoothened frizzled class receptor and Gli-1. By contrast, the inhibition of Sirt1 using sirtinol had the opposite effect.ConclusionThese findings suggested that Sirt1 may regulate microglial activation and inflammation by targeting the Shh/Gli-1 signaling pathway following OGD/R injury.Graphical abstract
Damage analysis of retired typhoons in mainland China from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Wan Chengcheng , Yan Yafei , Shen Liucheng , Liu Jianli , Lai Xiaoxia , Qian Wei , Nie Juan , Wen Jiahong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTyphoon catastrophes can seriously threaten national and regional security and development. How to quantitatively portray the spatiotemporal characteristics and the causes of typhoon catastrophe losses will be an important subject of scientific research in terms of disaster risk reduction. In this study, the overall characteristics, spatial patterns, and main influencing factors of the losses caused by retired typhoons landing in mainland China from 2009 to 2019 were investigated, through the usage of improved typhoon disaster index (G-index), spatial autocorrelation, and cold/hotspots analysis methods. The results showed that 18 retired typhoons affected 17 provinces in China from 2009 to 2019, among which the areas affected by minor, moderate, severe, and extremely severe disasters accounted for 38.02%, 44.16%, 13.84%, and 4.32%, respectively. The disaster has strong spatial clustering, and the hotspots based on the G index are the key areas to be concerned about prevention and mitigation against typhoon mega-disasters. Furthermore, the effects of exposed population, maximum wind speed, and maximum accumulative process precipitation on typhoon disaster losses were positively correlated, while the effects of exposed GDP (Gross Domestic Product) on disaster losses are weakly negatively correlated. This study identified the hotspots of typhoon catastrophes and underlined the efforts to formulate effective disaster risk reduction and build resilience.
WTF?! Covid-19, indignation, and the internet
Authors: Osler Lucy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has fuelled indignation. People have been indignant about the breaking of lockdown rules, about the mistakes and deficiencies of government pandemic policies, about enforced mask-wearing, about vaccination programmes (or lack thereof), about lack of care with regards vulnerable individuals, and more. Indeed, indignation seems to have been particularly prevalent on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, where indignant remarks are often accompanied by variations on the hashtag #WTF?! In this paper, I explore indignation’s distinctive character as a form of moral anger, in particular suggesting that what is characteristic of indignation is not only that it discloses moral injustices but betrays our disbelief at the very occurrence of the offence. Having outlined the character of indignation, I consider how the structure of indignation impacts how we do, respond to, and receive indignation. I explore indignation in action, so to speak, in the context of Covid-19, with a particular emphasis on how indignation occurs ‘on the internet’.
Screening for indole-3-acetic acid synthesis and 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate deaminase activity in soil yeasts from Chile uncovers Solicoccozyma terrea as an effective plant growth promoter
Authors: Carvajal Mariajosé , Godoy Liliana , Gebauer Marlene , Catrileo Daniela , Albornoz Francisco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) stimulate plant growth by a series of mechanisms, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and the synthesis of plant hormones. Within the group of PGPMs, several species of bacteria and fungi have been extensively studied. However, little information is available with regard to soil yeasts. The present study was conducted to identify yeast strains isolated from different soils in Chile that present plant growth promotion activity.

Methods
Twenty-three strains were evaluated either for their capacity to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid or show aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity. The effect on tomato seedling growth was evaluated in vitro, and two strains were selected for in vivo evaluation of plant growth and root ethylene synthesis.

Results
All the strains analyzed presented IAA synthesis within the range between 0.8 and 3.3 μg IAA mL−1. Solicoccozyma terrea (YCPUC75 and YCPUC79 strains) was the only yeast with ACC deaminase activity. In vitro inoculation of tomato seeds with eight of the evaluated strains resulted in an increase in the root volume and the number of lateral roots. In the second experiment, a 40% reduction in root ethylene synthesis was achieved by adding S. terrea (YCPUC79) to the root zone, which resulted in a 26% increase in plant growth.

Conclusions

Solicoccozyma terrea YCPUC79 is an effective plant growth promoter stimulating root growth and reducing root ethylene synthesis.
Airborne hyperspectral and Sentinel imagery to quantify winter wheat traits through ensemble modeling approaches
Authors: Pancorbo J. L. , Alonso-Ayuso M. , Camino C. , Raya-Sereno M. D. , Zarco-Tejada P. J. , Molina I. , Gabriel J. L. , Quemada M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly prediction of crop production by remote sensing (RS) may help to plan the harvest and ensure food security. This study aims to improve the quantification of yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), and nitrogen (N) output in winter wheat with RS imagery. Ground-truth wheat traits were measured at flowering and harvest in a field experiment combining four N and two water levels in central Spain over 2 years. Hyperspectral and thermal airborne images coincident with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 were acquired at flowering. A parametric linear model using all hyperspectral normalized difference spectral indices (NDSI) and two non-parametric models (artificial neural network and random forest) were used to assess their estimation ability combining NDSIs and other RS indicators. The feasibility of using freely available multispectral satellite was tested by applying the same methodology but using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 bands. Yield estimation obtained the highest R2 value, showing that the visible and short-wave infrared region (VSWIR) had similar accuracy to the hyperspectral and Sentinel-2 imagery (R2 ≈ 0.84). The SWIR bands were important in the GPC estimation with both sensors, whereas N output was better estimated using red-edge-based NDSIs, obtaining satisfactory results with the hyperspectral sensor (R2 = 0.74) and with the Sentinel-2 (R2 = 0.62). When including the Sentinel-2 SWIR index, the NDSI (B11, B3) improved the estimation of N output (R2 = 0.71). Ensemble models based on Sentinel were found to be as reliable as those based on hyperspectral imagery, and including SWIR information improved the quantification of N-related traits.
Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum
Authors: Raouafi N. E. , Matteini L. , Squire J. , Badman S. T. , Velli M. , Klein K. G. , Chen C. H. K. , Matthaeus W. H. , Szabo A. , Linton M. , Allen R. C. , Szalay J. R. , Bruno R. , Decker R. B. , Akhavan-Tafti M. , Agapitov O. V. , Bale S. D. , Bandyopadhyay R. , Battams K. , Berčič L. , Bourouaine S. , Bowen T. A. , Cattell C. , Chandran B. D. G. , Chhiber R. , Cohen C. M. S. , D’Amicis R. , Giacalone J. , Hess P. , Howard R. A. , Horbury T. S. , Jagarlamudi V. K. , Joyce C. J. , Kasper J. C. , Kinnison J. , Laker R. , Liewer P. , Malaspina D. M. , Mann I. , McComas D. J. , Niembro-Hernandez T. , Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Panasenco O. , Pokorný P. , Pusack A. , Pulupa M. , Perez J. C. , Riley P. , Rouillard A. P. , Shi C. , Stenborg G. , Tenerani A. , Verniero J. L. , Viall N. , Vourlidas A. , Wood B. E. , Woodham L. D. , Woolley T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLaunched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission’s primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate energetic particles. Parker Solar Probe returned a treasure trove of science data that far exceeded quality, significance, and quantity expectations, leading to a significant number of discoveries reported in nearly 700 peer-reviewed publications. The first four years of the 7-year primary mission duration have been mostly during solar minimum conditions with few major solar events. Starting with orbit 8 (i.e., 28 Apr. 2021), Parker flew through the magnetically dominated corona, i.e., sub-Alfvénic solar wind, which is one of the mission’s primary objectives. In this paper, we present an overview of the scientific advances made mainly during the first four years of the Parker Solar Probe mission, which go well beyond the three science objectives that are: (1) Trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind; (2) Determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind; and (3) Explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles.
Effect of powdery mildew on interleaf microbial communities and leaf antioxidant enzyme systems
Authors: Ma Xinbo , Wang Zhanbin , Liu Run , Jiang Yibing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is both medicinally and aesthetically beneficial. Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes the value of numerous species, including peonies as a crop. In order to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of peony powdery mildew, we examined the microbial diversity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities of peony leaves infected with three levels of powdery mildew to determine any modifications to the leaf's antioxidant enzyme systems and microbial community structure following the onset of disease. The results show that the MDA content rose as the degree of infection became worse. Antioxidant enzyme activity rose and then declined. Following the initiation of powdery mildew, fungal community diversity decreased, whereas there was not any appreciable change in bacterial communities according to microbial diversity sequencing. The relative abundance of more than half of fungal species decreased, with the bacterial genera displaying both abundant and diminished communities with less pronounced alterations in their community structure after the disease spread. Significant different taxa that were critical to the organization of each microbiome were found. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of powdery mildew pathogenic fungal genus Erysiphe was correlated with those of 11 fungal genera and one bacterial genus. Among them, Aureobasidium, Neosetophoma and Sclerostagonospora showed significant positive correlations with Erysiphe and MDA.
Eine Synthese aus Können und Wissen?
Authors: Schmid Noerr Gunzelin 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIm heutigen fachlichen Diskurs wird die Bezugnahme auf eine sozialpädagogisch-professionelle Haltung oft als allzu nebulös beklagt. Demgegenüber wird hier der Begriff der Haltung, insbesondere in professionsethischer Perspektive, als theoretisch unverzichtbar und empirisch gehaltvoll verteidigt. Textgrundlage dafür ist die Aufzeichnung einer Gruppendiskussion mit Fachkräften der Sozialen Arbeit, die in einer Justizvollzugsanstalt tätig sind. Die professionsethische Haltung erweist sich als unabdingbar, um die Differenz zwischen eingelebter Moral und spezifischem Arbeitsauftrag zu bewältigen, Tat und Täter trennen zu können. Weitere wichtige Merkmale einer professionsethischen Haltung sind die Fähigkeit zu Selbst- und Institutionenkritik sowie ein Sensorium für die in der Sozialen Arbeit allgegenwärtigen ethischen Spannungsfelder.