bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous breaking of symmetry in overlapping cell instance segmentation using diffusion models
Authors: Kirkegaard Julius B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInstance segmentation is the task of assigning unique identifiers to individual objects in images. Solving this task requires breaking the inherent symmetry that semantically similar objects must result in distinct outputs. Deep learning algorithms bypass this break-of-symmetry by training specialized predictors or by utilizing intermediate label representations. However, many of these approaches break down when faced with overlapping labels that can appear, e.g., in biological cell layers. Here, we discuss the reason for this failure and offer a novel approach for instance segmentation based on diffusion models that breaks this symmetry spontaneously. Our method outputs pixel-level instance segmentations matching the performance of models such as cellpose on the cellpose fluorescent cell dataset while also permitting overlapping labels.
Non-decameric NLRP3 forms an MTOC-independent inflammasome
Authors: Mateo-Tórtola María , Hochheiser Inga V. , Grga Jelena , Mueller Jana S. , Geyer Matthias , Weber Alexander N.R. , Tapia-Abellán Ana 
Published: July 2023

SummaryNLRP3 is an inflammasome-forming protein that plays a key role in conditions ranging from infections to Alzheimer’s disease. NLRP3 is activated by many potassium (K+)-dependent or - independent stimuli related to pathogens or sterile insults. Molecularly, human NLRP3 assembles into a decameric ‘cage’ and its interaction with both the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the microtubule organization centre (MTOC) has been proposed as critical for NLRP3 activation. However, the relative mechanistic requirement for K+-dependent versus - independent stimuli is unclear. Using spatially and dynamically high-resolution microscopy in human macrophages, we found that K+-dependent NLRP3 stimulation triggers two distinct activation pathways: (i) the decameric cage-dependent pathway, which was also exclusively required for the K+-independent stimulus, imiquimod; and (ii) a cage- and TGN/MTOC-independent pathway that was fully functional in an NLRP3 protein engineered to form monomers and unable to interact with membrane lipids. Collectively, our results delineate two parallel yet biologically distinct NLRP3 activation pathways.
GENETIC SCREENING OF HALOTHANE GENE ON SELECTED PHILIPPINE NATIVE PIG HERDS
Authors: Matias Sherwin , Gajeton Maureen , Flores Ester 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEstablishment of nucleus herds (NHs) of Native Pigs (NPs) at various R&D stations in the Philippines is currently being undertaken for food security and genetic conservation. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is being utilized to identify individuals carrying favorable alleles of genes associated with production traits and screen-out genetic defects (GD) for breeding purposes. Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) caused by a mutation in Halothane (HAL) gene is a GD frequently found in commercial breeds that when expressed, causes pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat. PSE is inferior quality meat undesirable in the market causing economic loss to the swine industry. Thus, this study was conducted to screen HAL gene using mutagenically separated-polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) in selected NP herds and assessed its repeatability in local breeds. Results showed that out of 577 screened individuals, 543 (94.11%) were normal (NN), 0 (0%) were homozygous mutant (nn) and 34 (5.89%) were heterozygous carriers (Nn). Therefore, the optimized PSS screening protocol using MSPCR is also applicable to local breed as described in the previous study. As such the availability of genetic test for PSS could be useful in improving the breeding selection and elimination of PSS mutant in the nucleus herd of Philippine Native Pig.
TNF and type I IFN induction of the IRG1-itaconate pathway restrictsCoxiella burnetiireplication within mouse macrophages
Authors: Boyer Mark A. , Lopes Fischer Natasha , Shin Sunny 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe intracellular Gram-negative bacteriumCoxiella burnetiireplicates within macrophages and causes a zoonotic disease known as Q fever. In murine macrophages, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is critical for restriction of intracellularC. burnetiireplication. Here, we show that TNF collaborates with type I interferon (IFN) signaling for maximal control ofC. burnetii. We found that TNF and type I IFN upregulate the expression of the metabolic enzyme immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), also known as cis-aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), and that IRG1 is required to restrictC. burnetiiT4SS translocation and replication within macrophages. Further, we show that itaconic acid, the metabolic product of IRG1, restrictsC. burnetiireplication both intracellularly and in axenic culture. These data reveal that TNF and type I IFN upregulate the IRG1-itaconate pathway to restrict intracellularC.burnetiireplication within murine macrophages.
Space use of invertebrates in terrestrial habitats: phylogenetic, functional and environmental drivers of interspecific variations
Authors: Auger Gwenaëlle , Pottier Julien , Mathieu Jérôme , Jabot Franck 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAimWe present the first global database of movement patterns of terrestrial invertebrates, focusing on active dispersal and foraging movements. We depict interspecific variations in movement distances among invertebrates, and assess potential drivers of these variations.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis using 174 studies from the scientific literature. They provided 401 movement estimates (163 of foraging and 238 of dispersal) from 216 species, 82 families and 22 orders, complemented by the following co-variables: body mass, diet, locomotion mode, tracking method and environmental variables (gross primary productivity and mean temperature of the warmest quarter of the year). We computed allometric relationships between movement distances and body mass both globally and separately for each taxonomic order with sufficient data. We tested the relative influence of the co-variables on movement distances through model selection.ResultsWe reveal a general positive allometric relationship between movement distance and body mass that holds across most taxonomic orders. We evidence a strong phylogenetic signal in movement distances that translates in variable allometries of movement distances with body mass across taxonomic orders. We further find that interspecific variations of movement distances are primarily driven by functional differences rather than by environmental conditions. Locomotion mode appears to be the most important driver of both dispersal and foraging distances, with larger distances among flying individuals followed by walking and crawling ones for a given body mass. Trophic guild also significantly impacted movement distances with carnivores foraging further than herbivores and decomposers for most body sizes. We finally found little effect of the environmental variables tested.Main conclusionsOur study provides general allometric equations for terrestrial movement distances of invertebrates. It further reveals important functional drivers of their interspecific variation in space use with a dominant role of their evolutionary history.
Manipulation of Bacterial ROS Production Leads to Self-escalating DNA Damage and Resistance-resistant Lethality for Intracellular Mycobacteria
Authors: Song Junfeng , Wang Mengmeng , Tao Huanyu , Yang Anming , Zhu Zhaohong , Bai Silei , Luo Miaomiao , Xu Junpeng , Liu Xueke , Sun Yicheng , Hu Peilei , Wong Wing-Leung , Li Feng , Chen Yongheng , Cai Qingyun , Liu Hongke , Huang Sheng-You , Su Zhi , Feng Xinxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high prevalence of drug resistance in mycobacteria calls for antimicrobial mechanisms that suppresses the development of resistance. As a structurally conserved multi-site bio-macromolecule, DNA is presumed to be an ideal candidate for such resistance-resistant drug target. However, survey of marketed and investigational DNA interactors indicates that they are not immune to resistance development. Here, we report our strategy to achieve real resistance-resistant DNA targeting by incurring “catastrophic” DNA damage with an organoruthenium-natural product hybrid. The dual-mode DNA damage, in the form of strong tri-valent binding and concomitant oxidative modification, is achieved by manipulating of bacteria’s native endogenous ROS production mechanism upon lethal stress (such as DNA binding). Such self-escalating DNA damage, together with precise targeting of intracellular bacteria via vacuole fusion, thus endows the hybrid’s resistance-resistant lethality against mycobacteria andin vivoefficacy in animal models.
Bifunctional small molecules that induce nuclear localization and targeted transcriptional regulation
Authors: Gibson William J. , Sadagopan Ananthan , Shoba Veronika M. , Choudhary Amit , Meyerson Matthew , Schreiber Stuart L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aberrant localization of proteins in cells is a key factor in the development of various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. To better understand and potentially manipulate protein localization for therapeutic purposes, we engineered bifunctional compounds that bind to proteins in separate cellular compartments. We show these compounds induce nuclear import of cytosolic cargoes, using nuclear-localized BRD4 as a “carrier” for co-import and nuclear trapping of cytosolic proteins. We use this system to calculate kinetic constants for passive diffusion across the nuclear pore and demonstrate single-cell heterogeneity in response to these bifunctional molecules, with cells requiring high carrier to cargo expression for complete import. We also observe incorporation of cargoes into BRD4-containing condensates. Proteins shown to be substrates for nuclear transport include oncogenic mutant nucleophosmin (NPM1c) and mutant PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CAE545K), suggesting potential applications to cancer treatment. In addition, we demonstrate that chemical-induced localization of BRD4 to cytosolic-localized DNA-binding proteins, namely, IRF1 with a nuclear export signal, induces target gene expression. These results suggest that induced localization of proteins with bifunctional molecules enables the rewiring of cell circuitry with significant implications for disease therapy.
Assessing the validity of the zero-velocity update method for sprinting speeds
Authors: Aristizábal Pla Gerard , Martini Douglas N. , Potter Michael , Hoogkamer Wouter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe zero-velocity update (ZUPT) method has become a popular approach to estimate foot kinematics from foot worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) during walking and running. However, the accuracy of the ZUPT method for stride parameters at sprinting speeds remains unknown, specifically when using sensors with characteristics well suited for sprinting (i.e., high accelerometer and gyroscope ranges and sampling rates). Seventeen participants performed 70-meter track sprints while wearing a Blue Trident IMeasureU IMU. Two cameras, at 20 and 70 meters from the start, were used to validate the ZUPT method on a stride-by-stride and on a cumulative distance basis. In particular, the validity of the ZUPT method was assessed for: (1) estimating a single stride length attained at the end of a 70m sprint (i.e., stride at 70m); (2) estimating cumulative distance from ∼20 to ∼70 m; and (3) estimating total distance traveled for a 70-meter track sprint. Individual stride length errors at the 70-meter mark were within - 6% to 3%, with a bias of -0.27%. Cumulative distance errors were within -4 to 2%, with biases ranging from -0.85 to -1.22%. The results of this study demonstrate the ZUPT method provides accurate estimates of stride length and cumulative distance traveled for sprinting speeds.
SEM2: A computational framework to model multiscale mechanics with subcellular elements
Authors: Chattaraj Sandipan , Torre Michele , Kalcher Constanze , Stukowski Alexander , Morganti Simone , Reali Alessandro , Pasqualini Francesco Silvio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModeling multiscale mechanics in shape-shifting biological tissues in embryos, traditional, or engineered cell culture platforms (organoids, organs-on-chips) is both important and challenging. In fact, it is difficult to model relevant tissue-level structural changes mediated by discrete events at the cellular and subcellular levels, such as migration and proliferation. To accomplish this, we leveraged the subcellular element modeling (SEM) method, where ensembles of coarse-grained particles interacting via empirically defined potentials are used to model individual cells while preserving cell rheology. However, an explicit treatment of multiscale mechanics in SEM was missing. Here, we introduced SEM2, an extended version of the open-source software SEM++ and LAMMPS, enabling new analyses and visualization of particle-level stress and strain. We demonstrated various functionalities of SEM2by simulating cell creep, migration, and proliferation in scenarios that recapitulate classical and engineered cell culture platforms. For every scenario, we highlight key mechanobiology that emerges spontaneously from particle interactions and discuss recent experimental evidence as qualitative validations of our simulations. The code for SEM2 is available on GitHub athttps://github.com/Synthetic-Physiology-Lab/sem2.
Optimizing CRE and PhiC31 mediated recombination inAedes aegypti
Authors: Paladino Leonela Z Carabajal , Wilson Ray , Tng Priscilla YL , Dhokiya Vishaal , Keen Elizabeth , Cuber Piotr , Larner Will , Rooney Sara , Nicholls Melanie , Uglow Anastasia , Williams Luke , Anderson Michelle AE , Basu Sanjay , Leftwich Philip T. , Alphey Luke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenetic manipulation ofAedes aegyptiis key to developing a deeper understanding of this insects’ biology, vector-virus interactions and makes future genetic control strategies possible. Despite some advances, this process remains laborious and requires highly skilled researchers and specialist equipment. Here we present two improved methods for genetic manipulation in this species. Use of transgenic lines which express Cre recombinase allowed, by simple crossing schemes, germline or somatic recombination of transgenes, which could be utilized for numerous genetic manipulations. PhiC31 integrase based methods for site-specific integration of genetic elements was also improved, by developing a plasmid which expresses PhiC31 when injected into early embryos, eliminating the need to use costly and unstable mRNA as is the current standard.
How information affects consumers' attitudes toward and willingness to pay for cultured meat: evidence from Chinese urban consumers
Authors: Chen Juhui , Zhang Meng , Bai Junfei 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of providing information on Chinese consumers' attitudes toward and willingness to pay (WTP) for cultured meat, and to further focus on the heterogeneous effect of prior awareness.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected by interviewing 1,004 consumers through a face-to-face survey conducted in 2019. Repeated measures ANOVA, ordinary least squares and maximum likelihood estimation were employed for data analysis.FindingsWhether consumers have heard of cultured meat before is not an important determinant for their attitude, but whether they know it well is. Consumers' attitudes and WTP all improved after the provision of information, but knowledgeable consumers' attitudes were less influenced by information than those without prior knowledge. Unlike attitude, prior awareness does not affect the effect of information on WTP.Originality/valueDespite extensive studies on the impact of information on the acceptance of cultured meat, few have analyzed the heterogeneous effect of prior awareness. In the research on prior awareness of cultured meat, firstly, no consistent conclusions about the effect of prior awareness on attitude; secondly, previous studies only considered heterogeneous effects of prior awareness on attitude toward cultured meat, while ignored WTP. This paper provides new insights in these areas. Further, this paper provides the first evidence on the heterogeneous impact of prior awareness in developing countries; most previous research has focused on consumers in developed countries.
Versatile response of a Sutterby nanofluid under activation energy: hyperthermia therapy
Authors: Abdelsalam Sara I. , Magesh A. , Tamizharasi P. , Zaher A.Z. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of a non-Newtonian nanofluid caused by peristaltic waves along an asymmetric channel. Additionally considered is the production of thermal radiation and activation energy.

Design/methodology/approach
The equations of momentum, mass and temperature of Sutterby nanofluids are obtained for long wavelength. By taking into account the velocity, temperature and concentration, the formulation is further finished.

Findings
Analyses of the physical variables influencing flow features are represented graphically. The present investigation shows that an enhancement in the temperature ratio parameter results in an increase in both the temperature and concentration. The investigation also shows that the dimensionless reaction rate significantly raises the kinetic energy of the reactant, which permits more particle collisions and as a result, raises the temperature field.

Originality/value
Due to their importance in the treatment of cancer, activation energy and thermal radiation as a route of heat transfer are crucial and exciting phenomena for researchers. So, the cancer cells are killed, and tumors are reduced in size with heat and making hyperthermia therapy a cutting-edge cancer treatment.
Predicting non-violent work behaviour among employees using machine learning techniques
Authors: Lata Kusum , Garg Naval 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study aims to develop a model to predict non-violent work behaviour (NVWB) among employees using machine learning techniques.Design/methodology/approachFour machine learning techniques (Naïve Bayes, decision tree, logistic regression and ensemble learning) were used to develop a prediction model for NVWB of employees. Also, 10-fold cross-validation method was used to validate the NVWB prediction models. The confusion matrix is used to derive various performance matrices to express the predictive capability of NVWB models quantitatively.FindingsThe model developed using random forest technique was identified as best NVWB prediction model, as it resulted in highest true positive rate and true negative rate, thereby resulting in the highest geometric mean, balance and area under receiver operator characteristics curve.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the pioneer studies that used machine learning techniques to develop a predictive model of NVBW.
An exploration of drivers of livelihoods of documented but low-skilled return migrant workers in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thanh 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the determinants of the livelihoods of return migrant workers in Vietnam. The findings will help authorities updating their regulations on migration, thus grasping the economic benefit from documented but low-skilled return migrant workers.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample is collected when the COVID-19 pandemic hit the Vietnamese economy severely. The author considers six issues of income and employment, including total income, stable income, financial pressure experiences, unemployment, stable job and time to find a job. For this purpose, through a pre-structured questionnaire, the primary data is collected from 258 Vietnamese return migrant workers in various foreign countries. Notably, all respondents in the sample are documented but low-skilled return migrant workers. The author uses various empirical regression analyses to conclude that personal traits, family characteristics and their characteristics before and after migration play a critical role in determining the livelihood of migrants returning to Vietnam.

Findings
The author finds that personal traits, family characteristics and their characteristics before and after migration play a critical role in determining the livelihood of migrants returning to Vietnam.

Practical implications
The findings are critical for Vietnamese authorities in finalizing and updating their regulations on migration, thus grasping the economic benefit from documented but low-skilled return migrant workers.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to exploit the drivers of the livelihoods of return migrants in Vietnam, a rich, two-wave panel survey of respondents in Vietnam aimed at characterizing the history of migration of low-skilled and documented migrants back to Vietnam and to use these histories to gain insight into Vietnamese return migrants’ economic status, access to financial, welfare and health insurance benefits and employment prospects.
Laws on regulatory technology (RegTech) in Saudi Arabia: are they adequate?
Authors: Sarabdeen Jawahitha 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The Regulatory Technology (RegTech) is said to be the use of information technology for regulatory monitoring, reporting and compliance. It is used to solve regulatory and compliance issues more effectively and efficiently. Regulators with the digitization of regulation and datafication of processes would get empowered to manage volumes of data. RegTech would assist them in understanding innovative products, transactions, risks, reporting and any market manipulation activities in real time. For successful use of RegTech, the regulatory framework of a country should be comprehensive to address issues that may arise in the use of RegTech. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the adequacy of the Saudi Arabian legal framework to address RegTech adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
The researcher using logical analysis method analyzed the available laws and interpreted the law to see the applicability and the adequacy of laws to regulate the use of RegTech in Saudi Arabia. The content analysis was also used in this research to analyze the literature. This analysis helped to explain the available literature on the research topic and its relevancy and the gap in literature.

Findings
The analysis using the logical and content methodologies shows that Saudi Arabia has general law to address some of the issues that might arise in the adoption of RegTech. Nonetheless, amending some of the existing laws or introducing guidelines could help better uplift of RegTech and similar technologies in Saudi Arabia.

Originality/value
As businesses and regulatory authorities embrace technology for better and efficient delivery of services and products in Saudi Arabia, the research is timely to analyze the adequacy of the laws in Saudi Arabia for adoption of RegTech. In the use of RegTech, issues related to privacy, due diligence, accountability and transparency could arise, however, there is a dearth of literature in these areas relating to technology adoption.