bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent social capital: An intergenerational resource?
Authors: Tuominen Minna , Tikkanen Jenni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is abundant literature about the benefits of social capital in youth, but less is known of the origins of social capital. This study explores whether adolescents' social capital is shaped by their parents' social capital, their family's socioeconomic status (SES), and the socioeconomic profile of their neighborhood.MethodsThe study uses cross‐sectional survey data gathered from 12 to 13‐year‐old adolescents and their parents (n = 163) in Southwest Finland. For the analysis, adolescents' social capital was disaggregated into four dimensions: social networks, social trust, tendency to receive help, and tendency to provide help. Parents' social capital was measured both directly (parents' self‐reports) and indirectly (adolescents' perceptions of their parents' sociability). The associations with the hypothesized predictors were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results suggest that social capital is not directly intergenerationally transmissible the way some biologically heritable traits are. Yet, parents' social capital shapes youngsters' perception of their sociability, and that, in turn, predicts each dimension of adolescents' social capital. Family SES is positively related to young people's reciprocal tendency, but the pathway flows indirectly through parents' social capital and adolescents' perception of parents' sociability. Conversely, a disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhood is directly negatively associated with adolescents' social trust and tendency to receive help.ConclusionsThis study suggests that, in the studied Finnish, relatively egalitarian context, social capital is (at least partly) transmissible from parents to children, not directly, but indirectly through the mechanism of social learning.
Necroptosis in apical periodontitis: A programmed cell death with multiple roles
Authors: Liu Hui , Fan Wei , Fan Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) has been a research focus for decades and different mechanisms of cell death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis have been discovered. Necroptosis, a form of inflammatory PCD, has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its critical role in disease progression and development. Unlike apoptosis, which is mediated by caspases and characterized by cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing, necroptosis is mediated by mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) and characterized by cell enlargement and plasma membrane rupture. Necroptosis can be triggered by bacterial infection, which on the one hand represents a host defense mechanism against the infection, but on the other hand can facilitate bacterial escape and worsen inflammation. Despite its importance in various diseases, a comprehensive review on the involvement and roles of necroptosis in apical periodontitis is still lacking. In this review, we tried to provide an overview of recent progresses in necroptosis research, summarized the pathways involved in apical periodontitis (AP) activation, and discussed how bacterial pathogens induce and regulated necroptosis and how necroptosis would inhibit bacteria. Furthermore, the interplay between various types of cell death in AP and the potential treatment strategy for AP by targeting necroptosis were also discussed.
Development and applicability of modified weight loss grading system in cancer: a real‐world cohort study
Authors: Xie Hailun , Ruan Guotian , Wei Lishuang , Zhang Heyang , Ge Yizhong , Lin Shiqi , Song Mengmeng , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xi , Wang Ziwen , Liu Chenan , Shi Jinyu , Liu Xiaoyue , Yang Ming , Zheng Xin , Chen Yue , Zhang Xiaowei , Deng Li , Shi Hanping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe original weight loss grading system (WLGS) was developed in western population, which did not perform effectively in cancer patients from China. This study aimed to develop and validate the modified WLGS (mWLGS) in the prognostic assessment of cancer patients in China.MethodsA prospective multicentre real‐world cohort study involving 16 842 patients diagnosed with cancer was conducted. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios for overall survival. Logistic linear regression was used to assess the odds ratio for 90‐day outcomes.ResultsWe calculated survival risks for the 25 mWLGS groups and clustered the approximate survival risks. Finally, we revised the prognostic grading system for mWLGS to include five grades of 0–4. Compared with the original WLGS, the mWLGS had a better prognostic differentiation effect in predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. The survival rate gradually deteriorated with increasing grade of mWLGS, with the survival rate of grade 0 decreasing from 76.4% to 48.2% for grade 4 (76.4 vs. 72.8 vs. 66.1 vs. 57.0 vs. 48.2%, respectively). The mWLGS provides effective prognostic stratification for most site‐specific cancers, especially lung and gastrointestinal cancers. High‐grade mWLGS is independently associated with an increased risk of poor quality of life and adverse 90‐day outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the mWLGS was an independent prognostic factor for cancer patients in the validation cohorts.ConclusionsCompared with the original WLGS, the mWLGS can better stratify the prognosis of cancer patients. mWLGS is a useful tool for predicting survival, 90‐day outcomes, and quality of life in patients with cancer. These analyses may provide new insights into the application of WLGS in cancer patients in China.
Exploring stressors and coping strategies among dental students during COVID‐19 pandemic in British Columbia
Authors: Ramachandran Swathi , Soheilipour Shimae , Ford Nancy L. , Brondani Mario A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused stress among undergraduate dental students; coping mechanisms might be employed to deal with such stress. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to explore the coping strategies employed by dental students at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in response to their self‐perceived stressors during the pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous 35‐item survey was distributed to all four cohorts of UBC undergraduate dental students enrolled in the 2021–2022 academic year, 229 students in total. The survey gathered sociodemographic information, self‐perceived COVID‐19‐related stressor, and coping strategies via the Brief Cope Inventory. Adaptive and maladaptive coping were compared among the years of study, self‐perceived stressors, sex, ethnicity, and living situations.ResultsOf the 229 eligible students, 182 (79.5%) responded to the survey. Of the 171 students that reported a major self‐perceived stressor, 99 (57.9%) of them were stressed about clinical skill deficit due to the pandemic; fear of contraction was reported by 27 (15.8%). Acceptance, self‐distraction, and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among all students. The one‐way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in the adaptive coping scores among the four student cohorts (p = 0.001). Living alone was found to be a significant predictor for maladaptive coping (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe main cause of stress related to the COVID‐19 pandemic for dental students at UBC is their clinical skills being negatively affected. Coping strategies including acceptance and self‐distraction were identified. Continued mitigation efforts should be made to address students’ mental health concerns and create a supportive learning environment.
Repeated oral sucrose dosing after the second wind is unnecessary in patients with McArdle disease: Results from a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, cross‐over study
Authors: Løkken Nicoline , Khawajazada Tahmina , Slipsager Anna , Voermans Nicol C. , Vissing John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is well‐established that oral sucrose ingested shortly before exercise improves early exercise tolerance in individuals with McArdle disease. This is by supplying blood‐borne glucose for muscle metabolism to compensate for the blocked glycogenolysis. The present study investigated if individuals with McArdle disease could benefit further from repeated sucrose ingestion during prolonged exercise. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study, the participants were randomized to ingest either sucrose or placebo first and subsequently the opposite on two separate days. The participants ingested the drink 10 min before and thrice (after 10, 25, and 40 min) during a 60‐min submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The primary outcome was exercise capacity as indicated by heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (PE) responses to exercise. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood metabolites, insulin and carbohydrate, and fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise. Nine participants with McArdle disease were included in the study. We confirmed improvement of exercise capacity with oral sucrose vs. placebo during early exercise (pre‐second wind) indicated by lower peak HR and PE (p < 0.02). We found no further beneficial effect with repeated sucrose versus placebo ingestion during prolonged exercise, as indicated by no difference in HR or PE post‐second wind (p > 0.05). Glucose, lactate, insulin, and carbohydrate oxidation rates increased, and fatty acid oxidation decreased with sucrose versus placebo (p ≤ 0.0002). We can conclude that repeated sucrose ingestion is not recommended during prolonged exercise. This finding can prevent excessive caloric intake and reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.
Socioeconomic exposure to drought under climate warming and globalization: The importance of vegetation‐CO2 feedback
Authors: Wang Tingting , Sun Fubao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change has intensified drought severity, duration, frequency, and the spatial extent, promoting considerable concern about the socioeconomic exposure to drought. Some previous studies have suggested the overestimation of drought indices and more drying due to neglecting the impact of vegetation response to CO2. Using models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and the socioeconomic projections, we quantified the impact of vegetation‐CO2 feedback on extreme drought frequency and the corresponding exposure of population and GDP under SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios. Results show that extreme drought frequency will increase significantly, affecting over 70% of global land by the 2050s. Along with rapid growth of socioeconomic factors, population and GDP exposure will increase by 26.90%–36.12% and 2.51–2.95 folds in the 2030s and 67.78%–78.72% and 3.41–5.94 folds in the 2050s. Underdeveloped countries are projected to face the most significant challenges, with substantial increases in population and GDP exposure to extreme drought. By incorporating the impact of vegetation‐CO2 feedback, we address biases of around 2% in extreme drought frequency, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions, showing underestimations of more drying across around half of global land in the baseline period and the 2030s. The biases, however, shift to be overestimations globally in the 2050s. As a result, early underestimations of extreme drought frequency will lead to significant underestimations in exposed population and GDP by 5.25% and 6.07% in the baseline period, as well as in the 2030s. In contrast, later overestimations will lead to overestimations of exposed population by 3.16%–8.54% and exposed GDP by 2.82%–6.65% in the 2050s. This study provides a more accurate estimation of socioeconomic exposure to extreme drought and highlights the potential risks associated with global warming.
Prenyltransferase gene expression reveals an essential role of prenylation for the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Diehl Daniel , Friedmann Anton , Bachmann Hagen S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrenyltrasferases (PTases) are a class of enzymes known to be responsible for promoting posttranslational modification at the carboxyl terminus of proteins containing a so‐called CaaX‐motif. The process is responsible for proper membrane localization and the appropriate function of several intracellular signaling proteins. Current research demonstrating the pathomechanistic importance of prenylation in inflammatory illnesses emphasizes the requirement to ascertain the differential expression of PT genes under inflammatory settings, particularly in periodontal disease.MethodsTelomerase‐immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐hTert) were cultured and treated with either inhibitors of prenylation (PTI) lonafarnib, tipifarnib, zoledronic acid, or atorvastatin at concentrations of 10 μM in combination with or without 10 μg Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Prenyltransferase genes FNTB, FNTA, PGGT1B, RABGGTA, RABGGTB, and PTAR1 as well as inflammatory marker genes MMP1 and IL1B were detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Immunoblot and protein immunoassay were used to confirm the results on the protein level.ResultsRT‐qPCR experiments revealed significant upregulation of IL1B, MMP1, FNTA, and PGGT1B upon LPS treatment. PTase inhibitors caused significant downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine expression. Interestingly, FNTB expression was significantly upregulated in response to any PTase inhibitor in combination with LPS, but not upon LPS treatment only, indicating a vital role of protein farnesyltransferase in the proinflammatory signaling cascade.ConclusionsIn this study, distinct PTase gene expression patterns in pro‐inflammatory signaling were discovered. Moreover, PTase inhibiting drugs ameliorated inflammatory mediator expression by a significant margin, indicating that prenylation is a major pre‐requisite for innate immunity in periodontal cells.
Aromatic biomass (torch ginger) leaf‐derived three‐dimensional honeycomb‐like carbon to enhance gravimetric supercapacitor
Authors: Taer Erman , Yanti Novi , Padang Elfrida , Apriwandi Apriwandi , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Haryanti Ninis Hadi , Deraman Mohamad , Taslim Rika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPorous carbon electrode (PCE) is identified as a highly suitable electrode material for commercial application due to its production process, which is characterized by simplicity, cost‐effectiveness and environmental friendliness. PCE was synthesized using torch ginger (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) leaves as the base material. The leaves were treated with different concentrations of ZnCl2, resulting in a supercapacitor cell electrode with unique honeycomb‐like three‐dimensional (3D) morphological pore structure. This PCE comprises nanofibers from lignin content and volatile compounds from aromatic biomass waste.ResultsFrom the characterization of physical properties, PCE‐0.3 had an impressive amorphous porosity, wettability and 3D honeycomb‐like structural morphology with a pore framework consisting of micropores and mesopores. According to the structural advantages of 3D hierarchical pores such as interconnected honeycombs, PCE‐0.3 as supercapacitor electrode had a high specific capacitance of up to 285.89 F g−1 at 1 A. Furthermore, the supercapacitor exhibited high energy and power density of 21.54 Wh kg−1 and 161.13 W kg−1, respectively, with a low internal resistance of 0.059 Ω.ConclusionThe results indicated that 3D porous carbon materials such as interconnected honeycombs derived from the aromatic biomass of torch ginger leaves have significant potential for the development of sustainable energy storage devices. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcomes of Cochlear implantation in early‐deafened patients with Waardenburg syndrome: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Lovett Amy , Eastwood Michael , Metcalfe Chris , Muzaffar Jameel , Monksfield Peter , Bance Manohar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aims to establish the expected hearing and speech outcomes following cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with profound congenital deafness secondary to Waardenburg syndrome (WS).MethodsA systematic review of the literature and narrative synthesis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Databases searched: Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No limits were placed on language or year of publication.ResultsSearches identified 186 abstracts and full texts. Of these, 16 studies met inclusion criteria reporting outcomes in 179 patients and at least 194 implants. Hearing outcomes of those receiving cochlear implantation were generally good. Five studies included genetic analysis of one or more of the participants. A total of 11 peri/post‐operative complications were reported. The methodological quality of included studies was modest, mainly comprising noncontrolled case series with small cohort size. All studies were OCEBM grade III–IV.ConclusionCochlear implantation in congenitally deafened children with Waardenburg Syndrome is a well‐established intervention as a method of auditory rehabilitation. Due to the uncommon nature of the condition, there is a lack of large‐scale high‐quality studies examining the use of cochlear implantation in this patient group. However, overall outcomes following implantation are positive with the majority of patients demonstrating improved audiometry, speech perception and speech intelligibility supporting its use in appropriately selected cases.
Pulsed dye laser and adjuvant topical therapies for the treatment of port‐wine stains: A systematic review
Authors: Chou Margaret , Karim Maria , Josephs Joshua , Itzkowitz Tamar , Dreker Margaret R. , Labadie Jessica G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe current gold standard treatment for port‐wine stains (PWS) is pulsed dye laser (PDL). However, multiple treatment sessions may be necessary and complete resolution is often not achieved. Neoangiogenesis can occur soon after treatment and is thought to be a major factor contributing to treatment failure. Adjuvant antiangiogenic topical therapies may therefore improve the efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment of port‐wine stains.Material and MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov using “port‐wine stain,” “nevus flammeus,” “capillary malformation,” “sturge weber,” and “pulsed dye laser” as keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms. Articles were included if they (1) were a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) studied patients with PWS; and (3) investigated topical adjuvant therapies with PDL. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Randomized Controlled Trial Standard Checklist.Results1835 studies were identified, with six studies meeting inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 103 (range: 9–23), with 8–36 week follow‐up. The average age ranged from 11 to 33.5 years old. Three studies examined adjuvant topical sirolimus (n = 52), two examined timolol (n = 29), and one studied imiquimod (n = 22). Two of three RCTs reported no improvement through colorimetric analysis with topical sirolimus; however, one of these studies did show a significant improvement through Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score. The last sirolimus study showed significant improvement through digital photographic image scoring (DPIA). Studies examining topical timolol reported no change in PWS appearance compared to placebo. The addition of 5% adjuvant imiquimod cream did lead to significant improvement. A variety of outcome measures were used. Imiquimod and sirolimus led to mild cutaneous adverse events, while timolol caused no side effects. None of the adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. Study quality was moderate in three, high in two, and low in one.ConclusionThe efficacy of adjuvant topical therapy was unclear. Limitations included variation in concentration and duration of adjuvant therapies, differences in follow‐up time, and inconsistent outcome measure reporting. Given their potential clinical promise, larger prospective studies examining topical adjuvant therapies should be considered.
Cerium and aluminum molybdates as inhibitors of the aluminum AA1050 corrosion process in aqueous NaCl solutions
Authors: Byrne Christian E. , Quesada Cangahuala Nereida V. , D'Alessandro Oriana , Deyá Cecilia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCerium molybdate and aluminum molybdate were synthesized by precipitation at controlled pH. The inhibitory properties of these solids on the corrosion process of aluminum in near‐neutral aqueous NaCl solutions were studied. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that both molybdates act as mixed‐type inhibitors. This is due to molybdate anion acts as an anodic inhibitor, while the trivalent cations Ce(III) and Al(III) have an inhibitory effect on the cathodic reaction. Linear polarization tests demonstrated a large increase in polarization resistance when these solids are added, resulting in an inhibition efficiency of 97% in both cases. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray energy dispersive microanalysis of the exposed surfaces revealed the formation of compact protective films rich in Mo and with no detectable Cl levels.
On the local well‐posedness of the 1D Green–Naghdi system on Sobolev spaces
Authors: İnci Hasan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the local well‐posedness of the 1D Green–Naghdi system. This system describes the evolution of water waves over an uneven bottom in the shallow water regime in terms of the water depth h and the horizontal velocity u. Using a Lagrangian formulation of this system on a Sobolev‐type diffeomorphism group, we prove local well‐posedness for in the Sobolev space , where is the parameterization of the bottom and where we assume that the water surface has an equilibrium at height 1. This improves the present local well‐posedness range by one degree.
Circ_0001589/miR‐1248/HMGB1 axis enhances EMT‐mediated metastasis and cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Ma Teng , Guo Jianxin , Han Jian , Li Lanfang , Ren Yifei , Huang Jie , Diao Ge , Zheng Xiuhui , Zheng Yingru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumors in female worldwide. Cirular RNAs (circRNA) represent a new class of regulatory RNA and play a pivotal role in the carcinogenesis and development of tumors. However, their functions have not been fully elucidated in cervical cancer. In this study, we identified an upregulated circRNA, circ_0001589, both in fresh clinical samples and tissue microarray of cervical cancer. Transwell assay and cell apoptosis assay by flow cytometry demonstrated circ_0001589 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐mediated cell migration and invasion, and enhanced cisplatin resistance in vitro. In addition, in nude mice model, circ_0001589 increased the number of lung metastases and recovered xenograft growth from cisplatin treatment in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA pull‐down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay disclosed that circ_0001589 function as an competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR‐1248, which directly target the 3′ untranslated region of high mobility group box‐B1 (HMGB1). Thereby, circ_0001589 upregulated HMGB1 protein expression and accelerate cervical cancer progression. The rescue experiments also revealed that miR‐1248 overexpression or HMGB1 knockdown partially reversed the regulatory functions of circ_0001589 on cell migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance. In summary, our findings suggest the upregulation of circ_0001589 promoted EMT‐mediated cell migration and invasion, and enhanced cisplatin resistance via regulating miR‐1248/HMGB1 axis in cervical cancer. These results provided new evidence for understanding the carcinogenesis mechanism and finding new therapeutic target for cervical cancer.