bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Analysis of Ground Beetle Responses to Forest Management: Integrating Species Composition, Morphological Traits and Developmental Instability
Authors: Stočes Dominik , Šipoš Jan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the response of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblage to forest management practices by integrating species composition, body traits, wing morphology and developmental instability. Traditional approaches that rely on averaged identity‐based descriptors often overlook phenotypic plasticity and functional trait variability, potentially masking species‐specific responses to environmental changes. To address this, we applied a three‐layered analytical approach to address this gap, utilising ground beetle occurrence and morphological trait data from Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic. The first layer assessed assemblage composition with ecological and dietary preferences across control, ecotone and clearing treatments using multivariate techniques. Building on species‐level knowledge, the second layer analysed the interaction between coarse traits, such as wing morphology and fine‐scale body traits, including body size (proxied by elytron length), head width and last abdominal sternite, to assess their relationship with the different treatments. These interactions were explored as intraspecific wing plasticity can affect functional interpretations. The third layer focused on fluctuating asymmetry as an intraindividual indicator of developmental instability, examining how ground beetles respond to environmental stressors. Our findings revealed: (i) no significant impact of habitat treatments on the presence of specialist species in the assemblage analysis; (ii) analysis of morphological traits highlights the combined influence of a coarse trait, such as wing morphology, and a fine trait, such as head width, which together contribute to the partitioning of assemblages and help distinguish differences in habitat use; and (iii) FA analysis revealed a significant positive association between the second antennal segment of specialist species and litter while displaying a negative association with Collembola. This multilevel analytical framework not only confirms ecological findings but also advances our approach to habitat and species analysis, offering deeper insights into ecosystem dynamics.
Feedback on Escape Behavior of Birds Under Different Hunger Pressure
Authors: Bao Xiao‐Yang , Xin Jia‐Jia , Ye Yuan‐Xing , Hu Can‐Shi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe risk of predation has always been a significant impact on wild birds. Birds, facing with limited energy, must balance their investment between foraging and vigilance. There were currently limited understandings of the vigilant behavior feedback of birds under different hunger pressure. Therefore, we employed the White‐browed laughingthrush (Pterorhinus sannio) and White wagtail (Motacilla alba) as research subjects to carry out experiments in winter, in exploring the tolerance of birds to external stress under different hunger pressure. After a night of energy expenditure, individuals of both species faced greater hunger pressure in the morning. The results of general linear models showed that the flight initiation distance (FID) of both species in the morning (7:00–9:00) was significantly shorter than that in the evening (16:00–18:00). Additionally, when the weather was cold (daily minimum temperature ≤ 5°C), the FID of the White‐browed laughingthrush and White wagtail was significantly shorter in the morning, as same as the results of general linear models. However, when the weather was warm (daily minimum temperature ≥ 10°C), there was no significant difference even though the FID average of both species was shorter in the morning than in the evening. These suggested that the consumption and supplementation of energy are very important for birds, as the higher their hunger pressure, the greater their willingness to forage and take on risk, especially in cold winter.
Nitrogen enrichment drives accelerative effect of soil heterogeneity on the flowering phenology of a dominant grass
Authors: Krause Anna G. , Wojciechowski Ashley A. , Baer Sara G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlant phenology is affected by both abiotic conditions (i.e., temperature, nitrogen enrichment, and drought) and biotic conditions (i.e., species diversity). The degree of spatial heterogeneity in soil resources is known to influence community assembly and dynamics, but the relationship between resource heterogeneity and phenology or the potentially interactive effects of soil resources on phenology are less understood. We leveraged a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment that has manipulated soil nitrogen availability and soil depth over 20 years to test the effects of environmental heterogeneity, nutrient enrichment, and potentially interactive effects of global change drivers (nutrient enrichment and a drought manipulation) on the phenology of a highly dominant prairie grass (Andropogon gerardii). We recorded the timing of major developmental stages of A. gerardii in plots containing four soil heterogeneity treatments (control, soil depth heterogeneity, nutrient/depth heterogeneity, and nutrient/precipitation heterogeneity). We found that the boot, first spikelet, and emerged spikelet stages of A. gerardii occurred earlier in treatments with greater heterogeneity of soil nitrogen, and this effect was driven by the accelerative effect of nitrogen enrichment on phenology. Reduced precipitation increased the flowering length of A. gerardii but did not otherwise affect developmental phenology. There were no interactive effects among any soil resource treatments on phenology. These results advance our understanding of the relationship between plant phenology and global change drivers, which is important for understanding and predicting the timing of plant resource use and the provision of resources to higher trophic levels by plants under varying levels of resource availability.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition and Substitution Reactions with Grignard Reagents: Do We Know It All?
Authors: Somprasong Siriphong , Pérez Juana M. , Castiñeira Reis Marta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCatalysis has been a cornerstone in organic synthesis, enabling a variety of highly efficient and selective C−C bond formation reactions, in particular enantioselective addition and substitution of Grignard reagents. Throughout time, we have gained significant understanding into how various factors, such as the influence of the metal source, the nature of the ligands, the substrates or temperature, affect these processes. Recent advances in computational chemistry have further enriched our understanding of this chemistry by elucidating the potential reaction mechanism and providing insight into the rate and enantio‐determining steps in these catalytic transformations. However, challenges persist, and aspects such as ligand optimisation, full mechanistic understanding and scalability remain underexplored. Computational methods, however, present a remarkable potential to surmount these enduring challenges.
Structural Optimization Design of Automobile Windshield Heating Furnace Based on Workbench
Authors: Wang Anheng , Wang Tao , Ling Chuanwen , Wang Hui , Zhao Xiang , Zhu Wentao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article optimizes the structural optimization of the high‐temperature heating furnace used in the front glass manufacturing process of automobiles. In order to improve the heat condition in the glass forming process, the steady‐state thermal module of the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench is used to simulate the thermal forming process of the automotive front gear glass, and the influence of the specific heat of the front gear glass at rising temperature, the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of radiation heat transfer, and other parameters on the forming accuracy are studied. The mechanical properties and viscosity curve of the front glass were analyzed with the change of temperature, the collaborative service integration of “preheating‐injection molding‐pressing‐gluing” of the front glass was established, the thermoforming process was optimized, the temperature–force field thermodynamic coupling model was created, and the reliability of the constitutive model and simulation of the front glass was verified. It makes up for the deficiency that the existing theoretical research is separated from the actual generation and cannot play an effective guide to the production practice. This paper provides a new scheme for the structure design of automotive front gear glass heating furnace and provides reference for other similar forming structures.
PD_EBM: An Integrated Boosting Approach Based on Selective Features for Unveiling Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis With Global and Local Explanations
Authors: Khanom Fahmida , Uddin Mohammad Shorif , Mostafiz Rafid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEarly detection and characterization are crucial for treating and managing Parkinson's disease (PD). The increasing prevalence of PD and its significant impact on the motor neurons of the brain impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Early‐stage detection is vital for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This study introduces an ensemble boosting machine, termed PD_EBM, for the detection of PD. PD_EBM leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms and a hybrid feature selection approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy. While ML has shown promise in medical applications for PD detection, the interpretability of these models remains a significant challenge. Explainable machine learning (XML) addresses this by providing transparency and clarity in model predictions. Techniques such as Local Interpretable Model‐agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) have become popular for interpreting these models. Our experiment used a dataset of 195 clinical records of PD patients from the University of California Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning repository. Comprehensive data preparation included encoding categorical features, imputing missing values, removing outliers, addressing data imbalance, scaling data, selecting relevant features, and so on. We propose a hybrid boosting framework that focuses on the most important features for prediction. Our boosting model employs a Decision Tree (DT) classifier with AdaBoost, followed by a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) optimizer, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.44%, outperforming other boosting models.
Gully erosion susceptibility mapping in the Loess Plateau and the Northeast China Mollisol region: Optimal resolution and algorithms, influencing factors and spatial distribution
Authors: Yang Annan , Wang Chunmei , Yang Qinke , Pang Guowei , Long Yongqing , Wang Lei , Cruse Richard M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGully erosion susceptibility (GES) mapping is crucial for controlling gully erosion hazards and has become a significant focus of global research and management efforts. Machine learning models have proven effective in this field. However, in areas with different terrain complexity, the model shows significant variation in optimal resolution and algorithms, factor importance and spatial distribution of the model results, which limits their broader application. This study compares GES mapping in two small watersheds: one located in the complex terrain of the Loess Plateau and the other in the relatively flat terrain of the Northeast China Mollisol region. The model predictive accuracy was evaluated using 30% of the datasets that were excluded from model training. The results revealed that: 1) significant differences in optimal resolution of GES mapping in the two regions, which were 1–2.5 m for the Mollisol region, and 2.5–5 m for the Loess Plateau. The extreme boosting tree (XGBoost) algorithm achieved the best simulation results compared to random forest (RF) and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) in both regions. 2) Slope gradient and contributing area influenced gully distribution in both watersheds, with land use being critical in the Loess Plateau and distance from streams more important in the Mollisol region. 3) In the Loess Plateau watershed, 25% of the area was highly susceptible to gully erosion, while only 1% of the Mollisol watershed was highly susceptible. This research compared GES mapping in two watersheds with different terrain complexity, which would be beneficial for better use of machine learning in gully research.
Early Pleistocene initiation of Simav Graben: Implications for widespread extension and landscape change in West Anatolia
Authors: Ocakoğlu Faruk , Tün Muammer , Şahiner Eren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe prevailing model of west Anatolian extension posits that the westward extrusion of Anatolia, driven by the Northern and Eastern Anatolian transform faults and slab rollback across the Hellenic Trench, governs ongoing extension from Gökova Graben to the Eskişehir Graben in Western Anatolia. However, data gaps and conflicting datasets constrain our understanding of the most recent phase of extension and the underlying geodynamic processes. To address these uncertainties, we investigated the sediment thickness and chronology of the Simav Graben (NW Anatolia) using microtremor surveys, radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from drill cores. Additionally, we examined the geomorphological characteristics of the graben and identified knickpoints along select rivers. Our findings indicate that the Simav Graben is an early Pleistocene (~1.1 Ma) structure with a maximum sediment thickness of approximately 540 m, accompanied by 900 m of maximum vertical displacement along the main bounding fault. Based on alluvial terraces, we infer an uplift rate of 1.1–1.3 mm/year for the last 85 ka, with an average long‐term uplift rate of 0.8 mm/year over the graben's lifespan. Our morphological analysis reveals a series of knickpoints unrelated to lithology, beginning at 1300 m and descending to 800 m on hillslopes inclined toward the Sea of Marmara. The synchronous initiation of the Southern Splay of the Northern Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region and the Simav Graben suggests a causal relationship. We propose that the formation of the Northern Anatolian Fault in southern Marmara during the early Pleistocene triggered widespread extension in western Anatolia. Consequently, the north‐flowing river networks, except for those associated with the Simav Graben, experienced regional incision.
Impact of pH on the Physicochemical, Structural, and Techno‐Functional Properties of Sesame Protein Isolate
Authors: Ghorbani Azade , Rafe Ali , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Lorenzo Jose M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSesame protein isolate (SPI) is a highly nutritious plant protein distinguished by its essential amino acid profile. This study investigates the influence of pH on SPI's physicochemical, structural, and techno‐functional properties, highlighting its potential as a sustainable protein source for various food applications. Our findings revealed that SPI had a protein content of 90.60% and a protein extraction yield of 77.2%. The density is measured at 0.72 g/mL, with a critical compressibility index of 19.22, indicating excellent flowability for weaning foods. Notably, the ζ‐potential shifts from +39 mV at pH 3.0 to 0 at the isoelectric point (pI, 5–5.5) and becomes negative at higher pH levels. We observed a direct correlation between solubility, fluorescence intensity, and functional characteristics of SPI, with peak solubility and functional properties at acidic and alkaline pH levels and lowest values at the pI. Structural analyses confirmed the relationship between electrical charge, hydrophobicity, and functional attributes, with the highest surface hydrophobicity observed at pH 2.0. In conclusion, our findings underscore the critical role of pH in modulating the physicochemical properties of sesame protein isolate, enhancing its applicability in food formulations. SPI demonstrates significant potential as a versatile ingredient in the functional food product development.
Reduced Granitic Rocks and Related Gold Mineralisation: Implications From Chronology, Geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf–O Isotopic System of Early Cretaceous Granites From the Wulong Gold Deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Xiao‐Tong , He Jun‐Cheng , Li Tie‐Gang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Liaodong Peninsula is the northeastern part of the North China Craton and hosts abundant Late Mesozoic granites and associated gold deposits. The Wulong deposit contains 57.5 t Au with an average grade of 7.1 g/t and is the largest gold deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula. The Wulong gold orebodies are hosted in Mesozoic biotite granites and have a close association with synchronous granite porphyry dykes. In this study, we provide a systemic geochemical and chronological study to distinguish fertile granites from barren ones from the Wulong deposit. Our study shows that the Wulong fertile granite porphyry (high Sr/Y) and Sanguliu barren granite (low Sr/Y) have zircon U–Pb ages of 132 ± 1 and 136 ± 0.4 Ma, respectively. The fertile and barren granites share similar REE patterns by characteristic of LREE enrichment and HREE depletion. They are classified as reduced ilmenite‐type granitic rocks. Petrochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopes show that the Wulong fertile and Sanguliu barren granites were derived from intensive crustal reworking in the North China Craton. The Wulong fertile granites were derived from mixing of lithospheric mantle–derived and thickened ancient lower crust–derived magmas. The Sanguliu barren granites were derived from partial melting of the ancient lower crust with normal crustal thickness. Geochemical features of zircon and apatite indicate that the both fertile and barren granites are similar in crystallisation temperature, water content, and oxygen fugacity. Our study suggests that magma source composition is essential to gold metallogeny, and mantle‐derived components are a key indicator to distinguish fertile and barren granitoids. Exploration for gold deposits related to reduced intrusions may be promising within the Liaodong Peninsula.
Iron‐Catalyzed C–H Activation/Aza‐Annulation with 2‐Butyne for Accessing Methylated Aza‐Arenes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shang Rui , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe incorporation of methyl groups into aza‐arene frameworks not only often improves their biological activity as the “magic methyl” effect, but also notably affects their solid‐state electronic properties by modulating π‐π stackings, which makes them promising candidates for developing organic electronic materials. This study focuses on the iron‐catalyzed C−H annulation of ketones with 2‐butyne via their oxime ethers, offering an efficient pathway to synthesizing methylated π‐extended aza‐arenes. The reactions utilize isobutyl aluminum(III) catecholate as a base and Triphos (bis(2‐diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine) as a ligand. Reported C−H activation methods using rhodium catalysis proved less effective with π‐conjugated substrates. Regioselective C−H aza‐annulation with 1‐(trimethylsilyl)propyne following desilylation provides also mono‐methylated azaarenes. The reactions also generate tetra‐methylated aza‐arene products by two‐fold C−H aza‐annulation on chromeno[3,2‐a]xanthene‐13,14‐dione and quinacridone. These methylated aza‐arenes exhibit strong π‐π stacking, a narrow emission band, and tunable photophysical properties, indicating their potential applications as electronic materials.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Major and Minor Electrocardiographic Abnormalities: A Report From the Cross‐Sectional Phase of Tehran Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadi Pooria , Ahmadi‐Renani Sajjad , Pezeshki Parmida Sadat , Nayebirad Sepehr , Jalali Arash , Shafiee Akbar , Ayati Aryan , Afzalian Arian , Alaeddini Farshid , Saadat Soheil , Masoudkabir Farzad , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali , Sadeghian Saeed , Boroumand Mohamamdali , Karimi Abbasali , Pourbashash Boshra , Hosseini Kaveh , Rosendaal Frits R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn the current study, we aimed to identify the association between major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsWe used the Tehran cohort study baseline data, an ongoing multidisciplinary, longitudinal study designed to identify cardiovascular disease risk factors in the adult population of Tehran. The electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 7630 Iranian adults aged 35 years and above were analyzed. ECG abnormalities were categorized into major or minor groups based on their clinical importance. Results were obtained by multivariable logistic regression and are expressed as odds ratios (ORs).ResultsA total of 756 (9.9%) participants had major ECG abnormalities, while minor abnormalities were detected in 2526 (33.1%). Males comprised 45.8% of the total population, and 41.8% of them had minor abnormalities. Individuals with older age, diabetes (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11–1.64), and hypertension (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.82–2.68) had an increased risk of major ECG abnormalities. In contrast, intermediate (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) and high physical activity levels (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51–0.86) were associated with a lower prevalence of major abnormalities. Male sex, older age, hypertension, and current smoking were also associated with an increased prevalence of ECG abnormalities combined (major or minor).ConclusionMajor and minor ECG abnormalities are linked with important cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Since these abnormalities have been associated with poor outcomes, screening patients with cardiovascular risk factors with an ECG may distinguish high‐risk individuals who require appropriate care and follow‐up.
Intraocular Pressure Changes After Rhinoplasty: A Before‐and‐After Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tabrizi Ali Goljanian , Ghazizadeh Matin , Zahedi Atiyeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsRhinoplasty, a prevalent cosmetic surgery, often involves lateral osteotomy, which can lead to ocular complications such as edema and ecchymosis. A potential complication is increased intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively. This study aims to investigate the impact of lateral osteotomy during rhinoplasty on IOP in patients.MethodsThis prospective before‐and‐after cross‐sectional study evaluated the effect of lateral osteotomy during rhinoplasty on IOP in 96 patients. Preoperative ophthalmologic examinations included best‐corrected visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann tonometry, and dilated fundoscopy. IOP measurements were taken three times per eye at baseline, during surgery, on the first postoperative day, after nasal pin removal on the seventh postoperative day, and on the thirtieth postoperative day using a Goldmann tonometer. The mean IOP was recorded at each time point.ResultsThe study found no significant changes in IOP at 1, 7, or 30 days postsurgery (p = 0.194). Additionally, the type of surgery did not significantly affect ocular internal pressure (p = 0.622).ConclusionRhinoplasty with lateral osteotomy appears to be safe concerning IOP. However, monitoring IOP during rhinoplasty is advisable.