bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of wild yak and four domestic yak breeds in Qinghai, China inferred from mitochondrial Cytb variations
Authors: Xu Donghui , Li Ruizhe , Xu Yuhui , Guo Weixing , Chen Shengmei , Li Wenhao , Huang Weihua , Lei Chuzhao , Ma Zhijie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique livestock animal originating from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. In the current study, we investigated the maternal genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of wild yak population and four domestic yak breeds (Qinghai-Gaoyuan, Huanhu, Xueduo, and Yushu) in Qinghai, China by analyzing 166 mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene sequence variations.
Results
The haplotype and nucleotide diversities of wild yak were 0.883±0.044 and 0.004±0.002, while the total haplotype and nucleotide diversities of four Qinghai domestic yak breeds were 0.646±0.040 and 0.003±0.001, respectively. Among the four Qinghai domestic yak breeds, the haplotype diversity was found to be highest in Yushu yak breed (Hd = 0.770±0.053), while the lowest was recorded in Huanhu yak breed (Hd = 0.501±0.088). Estimates of FST values showed a moderate genetic differentiation between wild yak and Huanhu yak (FST = 0.058) as well as that between Huanhu yak and Yushu yak breeds (FST = 0.052), but a weak genetic differentiation was observed between the other yak breeds/populations (-0.021＜FST＜0.037). Additionally, the clustering analysis based on RST values showed that Xueduo yak and Huanhu yak were clustered into one group, and each of the other three yak breeds/populations was separated into one group, respectively. Overall, the clustering relationship between wild yak and Yushu yak was closer. Maternal phylogenetic analysis showed that wild yak and four local yak breeds/populations in Qinghai represented in three maternal lineages (Mt-Ⅰ, Mt-Ⅱ, and Mt-Ⅲ), indicating three maternal origins in yak.
Conclusion
Our study would provide valuable information for the conservation and utilization of wild yak and Qinghai domestic yak breeds.
Study of the population structure, exploitation level and growth in relation to the otoliths weight of Pseudotolithus senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1833) and Pseudotolithus typus (Bleeker, 1863) in Benin coasts
Authors: Rodrigue ADJIGBE Gilles , SOHOU Zacharie , KPOGUE Diane GANGBAZO , ZOUNON Yaovi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pseudotolithus senegalensis and Pseudotolithus typus are two species of Scianidae family, with commercial importance that can be found in the offing of Benin coasts. The population structure, exploitation level and growth in relation to the otoliths weight of these two species were assessed from 154 and 159 specimens of P. senegalensis and P. typus respectively sampled from fishermen of the Artisanal Fishing Port of Cotonou for four (04) months period. The study of population structure of these two species showed dominance of males with single-modal height distribution for P. senegalensis and bimodal for P. typus. The curve of length-weight relationship indicates positive allometric growth for P. senegalensis (b = 3.360; p < 0.05) and P. typus (b = 3.317; p < 0.05). Growth parameters and performance index ϕ' estimated for both species are L ∞ = 37.80 cm, K = 1.100 an − 1, ϕ'= 3.196 for P. senegalensis and P. typus, L ∞ = 53.55 cm, K = 0.480 an − 1 and ϕ'= 3.139. The exploitation level shows an under exploitation of their stocks. Besides, the otoliths weight relation with fish length showed that b < 3 and positive correlation was observed between otoliths weight and fish weight for both species.
Association Between Maternal Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Offspring: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun , Liao Yin-To , Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Chen Yi-Lung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Our study aimed to determine whether mothers with mood disorders, namely bipolar disorder and major depression, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder affect the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in their offspring. We conducted a nationwide cohort study by using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and the Maternal and Child Health Database from 2004 to 2018. A total of 2 556 640 mother-child pairs were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of T1D between children born to mothers with mood disorders, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and those without. No significant difference in risk of T1D was observed between the offspring of mothers with major psychiatric disorders and those without (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.86 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.58–1.24). In a subgroup analysis, we found an aHR of 1.81 with a 95% CI of 0.83–3.82 in the maternal bipolar disorder on the risk of T1D in offspring and an aHR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.59–1.25) in maternal major depressive disorder. In the schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder group, aHR cannot be obtained due to lesser than three events in the analysis. The risk of T1D in offspring of maternal mood disorders, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder was not significant. The relationship between maternal psychiatric disorders and the risk of T1D in offspring warrants further investigation in studies with longer follow-up periods.
The Interregnum[1] Period in Iran's Environment with the Explanation of Popular Participatory Education in Sustainable Ecotourism; Study Case: Karadagh Area (Arsbaran)[1].
Authors: asadi shaham 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, dealing with environmental issues and its protection, and creating a suitable environment for human life, has become one of the most important concerns of governments all over the world. As a result, policies to deal with and solve environmental issues have been put on the agenda of governments. The tourism industry is one of the most important and attractive activities in the world today. This industry, which is called as the engine of development, is receiving more and more attention day by day due to its importance from the socio-economic point of view, and governments are giving importance to it. Along with paying attention to income generation and job creation, education is very important in this field. The country of Iran with special natural features for ecotourism enthusiasts is very capable in the field of attracting natural tourists at the international level. However, there are many obstacles and problems in Iran's ecotourism industry, which, in addition to the destruction of natural phenomena, has led to a decrease in the attractiveness of the affected lands for domestic and foreign tourists; And the sustainable development process of this industry has been interrupted. One of the influential factors in this is the lack of proper environmental education. The current research is qualitative in terms of method. The participants of the research were 30 local people from KaraDagh district (Arsbaran) who were selected by purpose-based sampling. And the samples have been classified into four groups; the degree of their relationship with tourists is different. The findings of the research are divided into ten main topics based on the reports and interviews of the samples, which examines the issues of ecotourism and sustainable education and the influencing factors of people's participation in this region.
Modern precipitation most associated with mammal diversity in arid and semi-arid regions of China
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Feng Lu , Feng Gang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mammals are crucial for maintaining ecosystems functions and services. However, mammal diversity issues have become increasingly critical in arid and semi-arid regions due to the fragile environment and frequent human activities in recent decades. Currently, few studies have assessed the diversity and community structure of mammal assemblages in arid and semi-arid regions of China, especially from the dimension of phylogenetic and functional diversity. In this study, for the first time, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, as well as phylogenetic and functional structure of mammal assemblages in arid and semi-arid regions of China were linked to modern climate, altitudinal range, glacial-interglacial climate change, and plant species richness. A total of 264 mammal species (44% of all China’s mammal species) were found in arid and semi-arid regions of China. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of these species are 55% and 85% of all Chinese mammal species, respectively. The two variables most associated with mammals’ taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity were altitudinal range and plant species richness, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, mean annual precipitation and plant species richness, respectively. In addition, the two variables most associated with phylogenetic and functional structure were mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and altitudinal range and mean annual precipitation, respectively. These findings suggest that future climate change (drying and/or warming) will have complex influence on mammal diversity in this fragile region. In addition, human-initiated afforestation may relieve the adverse effects of future climate on mammals by increasing plant richness and changing habitat structure.
ASL Detection and Gesture Based Control of Robotic Hand Using Image Processing
Authors: Kolli Yashwanth , Nair Bharath P , Thunnoly Brijeesh , Bhattacharyya Budhaditya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
ASL has been used by deaf people all over the world as a means of communication. The problem arises in the interpretation of the gestures to a person who is unaware of the language. The project intends to develop a real-time ASL interpretation system that is affordable, effective, and might even be used as a teaching tool. It also provides a suitable gesture recognizer which will facilitate a better understanding for the user.. In this project, we have proposed a methodology which will act as a dynamic interpreter by utilizing machine learning and computer vision techniques to enhance the efficiency and decrease the time constraint of the message detection. Along with the real time recognition of hand gestures, we have also used a robotic hand to replicate those gestures using two different methods. The first method that replicates the gesture based on the prediction made by the machine learning model and the later which replicates the gestures in real time based on the positions of finger landmarks. Using the second method we were able to bring out a faster response
Detailed Dietary Analysis and Distribution of Mesocarnivores (Red Fox, Golden Jackal) by Scat Analysis &amp; Trichology in Dachigam National Park in the Himalayas
Authors: Yousuf Parvaiz , Lateef Mohammad , Tantray Javeed Ahmad , Hussain Shafqat , Zehbi Nisheet , Altaf Sabia , Yatoo Suhaib Firdous , Razzak Shahid , Parvaiz Semran , Mir Zaffar Rais 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding dietary habits and niche overlap of sympatric carnivores is crucial for their conservation. Using scat analysis & trichology, we studied the diet composition & distribution of two sympatric carnivores, the Golden or Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes grifithii), in and around Dachigam National Park (DNP) in the Himalayan region of Kashmir using faecal analysis during winter and summer months. The results showed that the Golden Jackal had a broader niche breadth than the red fox, with 10 and 9 prey species, respectively, present in their diet. The carnivores preferred the South aspect (26 sightings) of mountainous ranges and mixed habitat types (21 sightings). The faecal animal matter ranged from 50 to 100%, including arthropods and fish scales, while plant diets were in the range of 40–50%. Trichology analysis revealed that rodents were the most preferred prey (27 times) by both carnivores, with a frequency occurrence (Fi) of 0.48. The critically endangered red deer species Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) was not present in the scats of the carnivores. Wild boar contributed the most to carnivore biomass (50 Kgs), while Hangul had zero presence. The carnivores consumed rodents (Fi: 0.30) the most, with a relative weight of 53.649 kgs, and Mongoose the least, with a relative weight of 2.008 kgs. Moreover, the average number of Scats produced by a predator from an individual prey (λi) was maximum for black bear (20.70), & least for fish (0.10). Our study provides insights into the potential level of inter-specific competition and prey species overlap, which can aid in identifying species-specific conservation requirements for these carnivores.
Calculation of Poverty Rate
Authors: Almuaigel Sami 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study highlights how the Transparency International Index can be used to estimate the prevalence of bribery in countries where data are not available and how the Corruption Perceptions Index can be used to estimate poverty rates. The text emphasizes that these estimations are not accurate and should be considered rough estimates and that other factors may also impact poverty rates. Overall, the text underscores the negative impact of bribery on economic growth and development as well as the need for transparency and accountability to combat corruption.
An Adaptive Node Network Based on Multitask Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Jin Xiao , Du Yukun , Zhang Nan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Multitask learning (MTL) improves the performance achieved on each task by exploiting the relevant information between tasks. At present, most of the mainstream deep MTL models are based on hard parameter sharing mechanisms, which can reduce the risk of model overfitting. However, negative knowledge transfer may occur, which hinders the performance improvement achieved for each task. In this paper, for situations when multiple tasks are jointly trained, we propose a deep MTL method for adaptive nodes. On the basis of the hard parameter sharing network architecture, the number of nodes in the network is dynamically updated by setting a continuous gradient difference-based sign threshold and a warm-up training iteration threshold through the relationships between the parameters and the loss function. After each task fully utilizes the shared information, adaptive nodes are used to further optimize each task, reducing the impact of negative migration. By using simulation and case studies, we demonstrate theoretical proof that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the competing approach.
MSC: 68T07; 68W99
Revolutionizing the Tea Industry: An Exploration of Technological Solutions to Improve Efficiency in Tea Processing (April 2023)*
Authors: Edirisinghe D. B , Jayaweera M. D. , Nimthara K. A.G.T. , Silva D. I. , Rangodage A. P. , Dias S. M. D. T. H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research paper will discuss unique efficient management of tea production process. The main purpose of this research paper is to introduce the methods of developing the management system of a tea factory with high-quality and effectiveness by following a special sustainable and correct process, surpassing the process that we see in normal a tea factory.
The modern methods we use are more suitable for small and medium-scale factories in developing rural areas and in the near future, tea exports can also be improved by popularizing this sustainable method and technology in Sri Lanka. Small and medium scale tea factory owners will have a great opportunity through this and compete side by side with large tea factories and could get huge profit in this field with low production cost.
In this research, the questions that the tea factory owners have, which have already emerged in the tea industry, have been presented and the solutions to those problems have been provided. Taking into account those circumstances, if the methods we have introduced can be implemented in the next 10 years, this will solve many of the problems in the tea industry, as well as make the name of Ceylon tea, which Sri Lanka is famous for known all over the world
Digitalisierung, Inklusion und Gamification. Verschränkung von Querschnittsthemen in der Lehrkräftebildung im Lehr-Lern-Raum Inklusion
Authors: Beier Frank , Czaja Tina 
Published: May 2023

Der Beitrag thematisiert die konkreten Herausforderungen, die die sozialen Transformationsprozesse Digitalisierung und Inklusion für die Lehrkräftebildung erzeugen. Einerseits müssen zukünftigen Lehrkräften Kompetenzen vermittelt werden, um innovative digitale und inklusive Lernumgebungen gestalten zu können. Andererseits herrschen an den Schulen sehr unterschiedliche Rahmenbedingungen, die inklusive und digitale Unterrichtssettings beeinflussen. Berufspraktische Erfahrungen fallen daher sehr unterschiedlich aus und lassen kaum systematische Einsichten über den didaktischen und pädagogischen Mehrwert innovativer Ansätze zu. Letztlich scheitern diese in der berufspraktischen Ausbildungsphase häufig bereits an verfügbarer Technik oder an einer fehlenden adäquaten räumlichen Ausstattung. Im Beitrag thematisieren wir von dieser Problemlage ausgehend das Konzept des Lehr-Lern-Raumes Inklusion, indem Studierende auf innovative und flexibilisierte Lernszenarien vorbereitet werden. Am Beispiel des Gamification-Ansatzes wird dabei gezeigt, wie Inklusion und Digitalisierung sinnvoll als gemeinsame Themen der Lehrkräftebildung vermittelt werden können.

Abstract
This article addresses the concrete challenges that the social transformation processes of digitization and inclusion create for teacher education. On the one hand, the current structure of teacher training makes it difficult to consider digitization and inclusion as joint development tasks. On the other hand, schools have very different framework conditions that influence inclusive and digital teaching settings. Professional experience, therefore, varies greatly and hardly allows for systematic insights into the didactic and pedagogical added value of innovative approaches. Ultimately, these often fail in the practical training phase due to the availability of technology or the lack of an adequate spatial learning environment. In this article, we address the concept of teaching-learning space inclusion based on this problem situation by preparing students for innovative and flexible learning scenarios. Using the gamification approach as an example, we show how inclusion and digitalization can be meaningfully taught as common topics in teacher education.
Menggeser Fokus: Dari Penyembuhan kepada Pengakuan Verbal (Sebuah Tafsir Ulang Atas Bilangan 21:4-9 dan Kontribusinya bagi Teologi)
Authors: Setiawidi Agustinus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe bronze serpent that rescued the Israelites in Numbers 21:4–9 has frequently been the subject of dogmatic or typological theological interpretation. This viewpoint puts the love of God in Christ as the center of attention. Anyone who has sinned but still trusts in God’s compassion will be pardoned and saved without the need for verbal confession. I put forth a theology of vocal confession using the Carmichael’s primary history framework. Even though God always knows and pardons, sinful humans will only find forgiveness through vocal confession, not by remaining quiet because God already knows what we are doing. The emphasis changed from divine healing to the verbal acknowledgement that was necessary for healing itself as a consequence.
AbstrakSecara teologis ular tembaga yang menyelamatkan orang-orang Israel dalam Bilangan 21:4-9, selama ini sering ditafsir dan dipahami dari perspektif tipologis-dogmatis. Dengan perspektif tersebut, penyembuhansebagai wujud kasih Allah melalui Kristus menjadi fokus. Melalui kerangka sejarah pokok (primary history) yang digagas oleh Carmichael, saya menawarkan sebuah teologi biblika tentang pengakuan dosa verbal. Meskipun Allah maha tahu dan maha pengampun, manusia yang berbuat dosa akan merasakan pengampunan bukan dengan cara berdiam diri – dengan asumsi bahwa Allah pasti sudah tahu apa yang kita lakukan – melainkan dengan kekuatan pengakuan verbal kita. Alhasil, fokus bergeser dari penyembuhan ilahi kepada pengakuan verbal yang menjadi prasyarat kesembuhan itu sendiri.
Internet User Personality Virtualization Index: Psychometric Technique Approbation
Authors: Rasina Evelina O. 
Published: May 2023

Virtualization and digitalization affect such aspects of human personality as self-identification, self-actualization, and self-presentation. They also change the mechanisms of categorization and interpretation of individual experience while transforming the system of personal meanings. However, the degree and scope of the impact of virtual space on human personality needs further research. This research tested a new method for assessing the virtualization of Internet user personality. The author reviewed domestic and foreign publications to describe virtual space as a unique environment for life and interaction. The new diagnostic psychometric method proved reliable and valid. It demonstrated the level of personality virtualization as a number of cognitive characteristics. Three virtualization indicators served to define the direction of personality virtualization: immersion, involvement, and inclusion.
Interethnic Trust Issues in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Alborova Alyona V. , Dreeva Svetlana V. , Starchenko Victoria A. 
Published: May 2023

The article describes the problem of trust in interethnic relations. The phenomenon of trust is one of the most important aspects of interethnic interaction in the modern multicultural environment. The trust of ethnophors to ethnocontact groups usually depend on the attitude of trust / distrust towards the world, other people, and oneself, as well as on the type of ethnic identity and personal characteristics. The study involved 280 young people from the North-Caucasian regions of Russia: 80 Ossetians, 80 Chechens, 40 Kabardians, 40 Russians, and 40 Georgians. The data collection relied on the Saks-Levy method of Incomplete Sentences, which was modified by the authors, the Assessment of Trust / Distrust to the World, Others, and Oneself developed by A. B. Kupreychenko, and R. B. Kettell’s 16-Factor Personality Questionnaire. The authors designed their own scale to measure the level of trust in ethno-contact groups. Other research tools included the method developed by N. M. Lebedeva and A. N. Tatarko that assesses the valence and definiteness of ethnic identity, the degree of civic identity, and interethnic attitudes. The respondents, regardless of nationality, believed that trusting interethnic relations are based on accepting foreign national values, customs, and culture, as well as on the certainty that a representative of a different ethnicity will provide help and support in a difficult situation. Those with a low level of interethnic trust demonstrated a much lower all-Russian identity and a much greater anxiety connected with interethnic interaction, compared with the respondents who had a high level of interethnic trust. The latter also had a positive attitude towards other ethnic groups and were ready to interact with other nationalities in various social situations. The respondents with low trust levels were less emotionally stable, more restrained, suspicious, anxious, conservative, and tense.