bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of additive manufacturing on teaching the Archimedes experiment
Authors: Kastrati Labinot , Uka Burim , Jakupi Kaltrine , Hodolli Gezim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of additive manufacturing (AM)-based teaching methods compared to traditional methods for teaching the Archimedes experiment in science education. Results showed that the AM method was significantly more effective in enhancing students’ understanding of the Archimedes principle and their ability to apply it to real world scenarios. The customisable and hands on nature of 3D printing also led to higher levels of student engagement and enjoyment. However, limitations were identified in terms of the time, resources, and cost required to set up the 3D printing experiment. Despite these limitations, our study suggests that AM has the potential to revolutionise science education by providing students with a more engaging, hands on, and customisable learning experience.
TransQA: deep hybrid transformer network for measurement-guided volumetric dose prediction of pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance
Authors: Zeng Lingpeng , Zhang Minghui , Zhang Yun , Zou Zhongsheng , Guan Yu , Huang Bin , Yu Xiuwen , Ding Shenggou , Liu Qiegen , Gong Changfei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Performing pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance (prePSQA) is considered an essential, time-consuming, and resource-intensive task for volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) which confirms the dose accuracy and ensure patient safety. Most current machine learning and deep learning approaches stack excessive convolutional/pooling operations (CPs) to predict prePSQA with two-dimensional or one-dimensional information input. However, these models generally present limitations in explicitly modeling long-range dependency for volumetric dose prediction due to the loss of spatial dose features and the inherent locality of CPs. The purpose of this work is to construct a deep hybrid network by combining the self-attention mechanism-based Transformer with modified U-Net for predicting measurement-guided volumetric dose (MDose) of prePSQA. Approach. The enrolled 307 cancer patients underwent VMAT were randomly divided into 246 and 61 cases for training and testing the model. The input data included computed tomography images, radiotherapy dose images exported from the treatment planning system, as well as the MDose distribution from the verification system. The output was the predicted high-quality voxel-wise prePSQA dose distribution. Main results: qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that the proposed prediction method could achieve comparable or better performance on MDose prediction over other approaches in terms of spatial dose distribution, dose–volume histogram metrics, gamma passing rates, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and structural similarity. Significance. The preliminary results on multiple cancer sites show that our approach can be taken as a clinical guidance tool and help medical physicists to reduce the measurement work of prePSQA.
Ring artifacts correction for computed tomography image using unsupervised contrastive learning
Authors: Wang Tangsheng , Liu Xuan , Zhang Chulong , He Yutong , Chan Yinping , Xie Yaoqin , Liang Xiaokun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Computed tomography (CT) is a widely employed imaging technology for disease detection. However, CT images often suffer from ring artifacts, which may result from hardware defects and other factors. These artifacts compromise image quality and impede diagnosis. To address this challenge, we propose a novel method based on dual contrast learning image style transformation network model (DCLGAN) that effectively eliminates ring artifacts from CT images while preserving texture details. Approach. Our method involves simulating ring artifacts on real CT data to generate the uncorrected CT (uCT) data and transforming them into strip artifacts. Subsequently, the DCLGAN synthetic network is applied in the polar coordinate system to remove the strip artifacts and generate a synthetic CT (sCT). We compare the uCT and sCT images to obtain a residual image, which is then filtered to extract the strip artifacts. An inverse polar transformation is performed to obtain the ring artifacts, which are subtracted from the original CT image to produce a corrected image. Main results. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we tested it using real CT data, simulated data, and cone beam computed tomography images of the patient’s brain. The corrected CT images showed a reduction in mean absolute error by 12.36 Hounsfield units (HU), a decrease in root mean square error by 18.94 HU, an increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio by 3.53 decibels (dB), and an improvement in structural similarity index by 9.24%. Significance. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our method in eliminating ring artifacts and preserving image details, making it a valuable tool for CT imaging.
MISHEMT intrinsic voltage gain under multiple channel output characteristics
Authors: Canales Bruno Godoy , Perina Welder Fernandes , Martino Joao Antonio , Simoen Eddy , Peralagu Uthayasankaran , Collaert Nadine , Der Agopian Paula Ghedini 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper the MISHEMT device (metal/Si3N4/AlGaN/AlN/GaN - metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistor) is studied focusing mainly on the impact of the multiple conductions on the intrinsic voltage gain (A
v). It is shown that the total drain current is composed of three different drain current components, whereof one is related to the MIS channel and the other two are related to high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) channels. The device output characteristics present double drain voltage saturation that gives rise to a double plateau in the saturation region of the output characteristics. This behavior relies also on the gate voltage, so the output characteristics and analog parameters extraction are bias dependent. The intrinsic voltage gain increases thanks to the early voltage increment in the second plateau where HEMT conduction is dominant. Electron concentration profiles were simulated in order to investigate the device saturation regime.
Development of the first Tesla class iron-based superconducting coil for high field application
Authors: Ding Hangwei , Zhao Hang , Huang Pengcheng , Yu Lei , Xu Jianyuan , Fang Zhen , Chen Zhiyou , Wang Dongliang , Zhang Xianping , Chen Wenge , Ma Yanwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study has, for the first time, combined iron-based superconductor (IBS) with high field insert coil technology to generate a higher magnetic field. Nine large-sized iron-based superconducting double pancake coils (DPCs) were fabricated, and their performance was evaluated at 4.2 K. Subsequently, seven DPCs with superior performance were assembled to form an IBS insert coil and tested at the 20 T background field. The test results indicated that the insert coil successfully generated above 1 T magnetic field under the 0 T, 10 T, and even 20 T background field, respectively. Notably, the poorest IBS DPC still had a critical current of about 84 A at the background field of 20 T, which outperformed all previously reported performance tests of IBS coils. This paper provides a detail introduction to the design and fabrication process of the IBS insert coil, presents the test results, and discusses them.
Numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer of the Sisko fluid in a wire-coating process with variable fluid properties
Authors: Srikantha N , Hegde Soniya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The fundamental and essential objective of the wire coating process is to reduce the shear stress and extraction force exerted on the wire from the die in order to achieve practical benefits. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to develop a mathematical model for the wire coating process withdrawal of the wire from the die. The Sisko fluid model and the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties are taken into consideration for modelling the constitutive equation. The basic equations governing the flow are solved with the aid of the numerical method. The impact of key factors is scrutinized. The influence of shear stress on the surface of the wire and fluid flow rate are delineated. The linear regression model is formulated to explore the significance of the relationship between the amount of force required to pull the wire and flow control variables. Moreover, the heat transfer rate and shear stress rate of molten polymer are modeled using quadratic correlation models obtained through the Central Composite Design (CCD) technique. To simultaneously achieve maximum heat transfer rate and minimum shear stress rate for the melt, the ideal values of the variable viscosity parameter, Sisko fluid parameter, and Brinkman number are determined. The study reveals that the required result occurs for a low level of the variable viscosity parameter, Sisko fluid parameter, and the Brinkman number. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed. The result reveals that the shear stress rate and heat transfer rate exhibit the highest sensitivity to variations in the viscosity parameter.
The low temperature liquid metal pressure sensors
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Ping , Chen Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pressure measurement of geotechnical constructions subjected to low temperature plays significant roles in the safety and stability of geotechnical engineering activities. However, the research of pressure sensors in low temperature environment is lacked. In this work, a Galinstan liquid metal pressure sensor under low temperature condition is developed to detect pressure in geotechnical engineering. The elastomer PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is employed as the base material. Micro-channels are carved using microfluidic soft lithography technology. The liquid metal is filled as a conductor, and a spring steel case is used for encapsulation. The theoretical relationship between the resistance and pressure is derived, and the theoretical resistance values are compared with experimental resistance values to verify the accuracy of theoretical derivations. The key performance indexes of the designed sensor, such as the compliance, repeatability and hysteresis, are experimentally investigated. The numerical results show that the applied pressure can be uniformly transmitted to the internal PDMS chip with the help of the liquid buffer layer. The experimental results imply that this developed sensor with liquid buffer layer has high curve compliance, good repeatability and low hysteresis in low temperature environment, which provides effective tools for the pressure monitoring of geotechnical constructions subjected to low temperature.
Surface structured silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles by irradiation of excimer laser pulses to bilayer thin films
Authors: Naranji Elham , Aliannezhadi Maryam , Panahibakhsh Somayeh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Optical chips based on plasmonic bimetal nanoparticles are of particular interest for various applications, including optical sensors, as well as plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering due to their extraordinary optical properties. In the paper, the formation of the bimetallic nanoparticles on the BK7 substrate and tuning of the LSPR wavelengths by irradiation of excimer laser pulses (193 nm output wavelength and 15 ns temporal pulse linewidth) to silver-copper thin films deposited by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is studied. Applying four and five ArF laser pulses with the fluence of 140 mJ cm−2 leads to the formation of spherical Ag-Cu nanoparticles and clusters, respectively, with several LSPR peaks in the UV and visible ranges. Also, sharp and intense LSPR peaks in the 560 to 700 nm spectral range are observed in the absorption spectra of the produced samples with four laser pulses which indicates the ability of the method for tuning the LSPR wavelength. Furthermore, the highest enhancement in the Raman scattering of R6G solution is provided using this sample as a substrate for Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, the laser-produced spherical Ag-Cu NPs by these parameters of laser irradiation can be a good candidate for applications based on LSPR, and Raman or fluorescence enhancement.
Quantum coherence resourced by the strong nuclear quadrupolar interaction
Authors: Çakmak Selçuk , Gençten Azmi , Altintas Ferdi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose a setup for studying the quantum coherence properties of a quadrupolar nucleus using the nuclear magnetic resonance platforms We consider powder samples labeled with 23Na and oriented with respect to the static magnetic field. By using the l
1-norm of coherence, we examine the quantum coherence in the Zeeman basis at thermal equilibrium. Non-zero coherence is found to result from the strong nuclear quadrupolar spin interactions. It is also shown that higher coherence is created as the quadrupolar interaction coefficient increases. We also discuss the stability of coherence in a possible measurement process in order to use it as a potential resource in any quantum computation protocol.
Distributed Control Software for the Active Surface System of Tian-ma Radio Telescope
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhao Rong-Bing , Yan Zhen , Shang-Guan Wei-Hua , Ye Qian , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Liu Qing-Hui , Wang Jin-Qing , Fu Li , Zhang Chu-Yuan , Song Dong-Fang , Liu Si-Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Tian-ma Radio Telescope (TMRT) applies an Active Surface System (ASFS), which corrects for large-scale deformations due to gravity and thermal on the primary reflector. The centralized and automated management of the ASFS using software has become a challenge, for which we have developed the TMRT Active Surface System Control Software (TASCS). This paper describes the design and implementation of TASCS for device control, status monitoring, human-computer interaction, and data management functionalities. TASCS adopts the open-source Tango Controls framework and distributes middleware technology to realize real-time automated adjustment of the primary reflector through remote centralized control of a large number of actuators. At present, it has been successfully deployed on the TMRT and has played an important role in Event Horizon Telescope observations.
Feather-inspired flow control device across flight regimes
Authors: Othman Ahmed K , Nair Nirmal J , Goza Andres , Wissa Aimy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bio-inspired flow control strategies can provide a new paradigm of efficiency and adaptability to overcome the operational limitations of traditional flow control. This is particularly useful to small-scale uncrewed aerial vehicles since their mission requirements are rapidly expanding, but they are still limited in terms of agility and adaptability when compared to their biological counterparts, birds. One of the flow control strategies that birds implement is the deployment of covert feathers. In this study, we investigate the performance characteristics and flow physics of torsionally hinged covert-inspired flaps mounted on the suction side of a NACA2414 airfoil across different Reynolds numbers, specifically 200,000 and 1,000. These two Reynolds numbers are representative of different avian flight regimes where covert feathers have been observed to deploy during flight, namely cruising and landing/perching. We performed experiments and simulations where we varied the flap location, the hinge stiffness, and the moment of inertia of the flap to investigate the aerodynamic performance and describe the effects of the structural parameters of the flap on the aerodynamic lift improvements. Results of the study show up to 12% lift improvement post-stall for the flapped cases when compared to the flap-less baseline. The post-stall lift improvement is sensitive to the flap’s structural properties and location. For instance, the hinge stiffness controls the mean deflection angle of the flap, which governs the resulting time-averaged lift improvements. The flap moment of inertia, on the other hand, controls the flap dynamics, which in turn controls the flap’s lift-enhancing mechanism and how the flap affects the instantaneous lift. By examining the time-averaged and instantaneous lift measurement, we uncover the mechanisms by which the covert-inspired flap improves lift and highlights similarities and differences across Reynolds numbers. This article highlights the feasibility of using covert-inspired flaps as flow control across different flight missions and speeds.
Biomimetic intruder tip design for horizontal penetration into a granular pile
Authors: Sandeep C S , Evans T Matthew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In nature, woodpeckers peck trees with no reported brain injury. A highly functional system comprising a hyoid bone, smooth skull, straight pointed beak with varying lengths of upper and lower beak bones, and rhamphotheca is one of the adaptations that enable efficient pecking. Soil penetration is an energy-intensive procedure used in civil infrastructure applications and is often followed by pushing, impact driving, and digging. This study uses discrete element modeling to evaluate the effect of woodpecker beak mimetic intruder tip design with wedge offsets on lift and drag forces during horizontal penetration into granular piles. The findings show that the wedge offsets of the intruder have a negligible effect on drag forces. By contrast, lift forces can be manipulated by adjusting the top and bottom offsets of the intruder, which can be used to guide the intruder upward, downwards, or horizontally. Furthermore, as the width of the intruder increased, the lift and drag forces also increased.
Fish-inspired robotic algorithm: mimicking behaviour and communication of schooling fish
Authors: Connor Jack , Joordens Matthew , Champion Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to present a novel flocking algorithm for robotic fish that will aid the study of fish in their natural environment. The algorithm, fish-inspired robotic algorithm (FIRA), amalgamates the standard flocking behaviors of attraction, alignment, and repulsion, together with predator avoidance, foraging, general obstacle avoidance, and wandering. The novelty of the FIRA algorithm is the combination of predictive elements to counteract processing delays from sensors and the addition of memory. Furthermore, FIRA is specifically designed to work with an indirect communication method that leads to superior performance in collision avoidance, exploration, foraging, and the emergence of realistic behaviors. By leveraging a high-latency, non-guaranteed communication methodology inspired by stigmergy methods inherent in nature, FIRA successfully addresses some of the obstacles associated with underwater communication. This breakthrough enables the realization of inexpensive, multi-agent swarms while concurrently harnessing the advantages of tetherless communication. FIRA provides a computational light control algorithm for further research with low-cost, low-computing agents. Eventually, FIRA will be used to assimilate robots into a school of biological fish, to study or influence the school. This study endeavors to demonstrate the effectiveness of FIRA by simulating it using a digital twin of a bio-inspired robotic fish. The simulation incorporates the robot’s motion and sensors in a realistic, real-time environment with the algorithm used to direct the movements of individual agents. The performance of FIRA was tested against other collective flocking algorithms to determine its effectiveness. From the experiments, it was determined that FIRA outperformed the other algorithms in both collision avoidance and exploration. These experiments establish FIRA as a viable flocking algorithm to mimic fish behavior in robotics.
Rayleigh–Bénard convection in mono and hybrid nanoliquids in an inclined slot
Authors: Gayathri M , Pranesh S , Siddheshwar P G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Linear stability analysis is conducted to investigate the longitudinal and transverse rolls (TRs) generated in Rayleigh–Bénard convection in mono and hybrid nanoliquids confined between two infinite inclined parallel slots. Thermophysical properties of six mono nanoliquids and fifteen hybrid nanoliquids are calculated for different volume fractions (0.5%, 1%, 2%) using phenomenological laws and mixture theory. The shooting method is used to solve boundary eigenvalue problems to obtain the eigenvalues for 16 different boundary conditions. It is observed that as the inclination angle is increased, it delays the onset of longitudinal rolls in the case of all boundary conditions. However, it advances the onset of TRs except when the lower plate is adiabatic. The addition of mono and hybrid nanoparticles results in the advancement of the onset of convection. The addition of SWCNT and SWCNT—

Al
2

O
3

accelerates the onset of convection the most while Cu and Cu-Ag accelerates the onset of convection the least amongst the mono and hybrid nanoparticles considered in the study.
Determination of optimum parameters for measuring sea level using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry: A Case study of Port Klang, Malaysia
Authors: Idris Ahmad Hilmi Mohamad , Sulaiman Saiful Aman , Tahar Khairul Nizam , Natnan Shahrul Reza , Satirapod Chalermchon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach of measuring sea level height using Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) by method of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) data analysis from a single geodetic receiver. The study location was selected at Port Klang Tide Gauge (PKTG) station, Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimum criteria for the parameters involved to get the best accuracy of reflected heights. The accuracy of reflected height derived from SNR information is strongly dependent on the value of parameters used for quality control. The parameters involved shall achieve the best possible frequency correlated with the sea surface. There are 5 parameters were identified such as estimation of the satellite's azimuth and elevation angle, identify noise frequency range, selection of frequency amplitude power, and calculation of the peak frequency to noise ratio using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP). The optimum value of each parameter is important to get accurately selected reflector heights and then produce a quality local sea level time series.