bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential influence of supplemental nutrients intake by adults on the development, fecundity, and population growth of Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) offspring
Authors: Li Tiantian , Liu Ying , Liang Xiao , Wu Chunling , An Xingkui , Wang Ying , Hao Guifeng , Chen Yiting , Chen Qing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an important pest in cowpea-growing areas of south China. To study control strategies, M. usitatus has been raised for multiple generations in the laboratory. Considering the impact of supplemental nutrients on colony fitness during laboratory rearing is crucial for achieving a significant population of uniformly developed individuals. Here, an age-stage, 2-sex life table for M. usitatus was developed to examine the impacts of F0 M. usitatus adults fed on 3 different supplemental diets (20% sucrose solution, 20% pollen solution, and 20% honey solution) on the development, fecundity, and population growth of F1 M. usitatus. The findings indicated that, compared to thrips fed on water, F0 adult thrips provided with 3 supplementary diets exhibited a reduction in the developmental duration for each instar, an increase in fecundity, and an extension of the lifespan of F1 M. usitatus, with honey yielding the best results. Similarly, the addition of supplemental nutrients resulted in a reduction in the mean generation time (T) and an enhancement of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) compared to the control group. The effects were highest for honey, followed by pollen, and then sucrose. This study provides favorable evidence concerning the direct impacts of parental nutrition supplementation on the fitness of offspring in insects, and provides information to aid indoor rearing of M. usitatus.
A guide to CNN-based dense segmentation of neuronal EM images
Authors: Urakubo Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large-scale reconstitution of neuronal circuits from volumetric electron microscopy images is a remarkable research goal in neuroanatomy. However, the large-scale reconstruction is a result of automatic segmentation using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which is still challenging for general researchers to perform. This review focuses on two representative CNNs for dense neuronal segmentation: flood-filling networks (FFNs) and local shape descriptors (LSDs)-predicting U-Net (LSD network). It outlines their basic mechanisms, requirements, and output segmentation using the author’s example segmentation. The FFN excels in segmenting long axons, and the LSD network is adept at segmenting myelinated axons. The choice between FFN and LSD depends on the target, as neither is universally superior. A common limitation of FFN and LSD is the easy detachment of thin spines from parent dendrites, which is fundamentally unavoidable. The author also introduces CNNs that were proposed to mitigate this issue. As CNN-based automated segmentation can take months, researchers need to be aware of the selection of an appropriate CNN, required computer resources and fundamental limitations. This review serves as a guide for such dense neuronal segmentation.
Case presentation of a robot-assisted bilateral benign tonsillectomy using the da Vinci SP system
Authors: Seifen Christopher , Matthias Christoph , Jeyarajan Harishanker , Huppertz Tilman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the first use of a da Vinci system to perform a radical tonsillectomy in 2007, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been further developed and finally accepted as a safe surgical method. The recent introduction of the da Vinci Single-Port (SP) system has brought new innovations in the field of ears, nose and throat (ENT) medicine, e.g. to perform minimally invasive head and neck tumor surgery. In Europe, the da Vinci SP system has recently received CE Mark approval for TORS application. We present the first case of a robot-assisted bilateral benign tonsillectomy with the da Vinci SP system in Germany and demonstrate the technical feasibility of this platform.
TBX3 is Essential for Zygotic Genome Activation and Embryonic Development in Pigs
Authors: Li Xiao-Han , Lee Song-Hee , Kim Ji-Dam , Lee Gyu-Hyun , Sim Jae-min , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pluripotency-related T-box family transcription factor TBX3 maintains mESC self-renewal and plays a key role in the development of several tissues, including the heart, mammary glands, limbs, and lungs. However, the role of TBX3 during porcine preimplantation embryo development remains unclear. In our research, TBX3 was knocked down by injecting dsRNA to explore the function of TBX3. TBX3 expression gradually increases during early embryonic development. TBX3 knockdown resulted in decreased in the rate of four-cell and blastocyst. Depletion of TBX3 decreased the level of H3K9Ac/H3K27Ac and decreased ZGA gene expression at the four-cell stage. Furthermore, TBX3 knockdown led to a decrease in ZSACN4 protein level, DNMT1 and intracellular 5mc levels were increased, and then induced telomeres shorten and DNA damaged. Additionally, TBX3 knockdown significantly decreased histone acetylation and pluripotency genes NANOG/OCT4 expression in blastocysts. TBX3 knockdown induced apoptosis in blastocysts. Taken together, TBX3 regulate histone acetylation and play important roles in zygotic genome activation and early embryonic development in pigs.
In Situ Focused Ion Beam Redeposition Surface Coatings for Site-Specific, Near-Surface Characterization by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Guerguis Bavley , Cuduvally Ramya , Arcuri Gabriel , Pourbahari Bita , McDermid Joseph R , Pawlowicz Chris , Langelier Brian , Bassim Nabil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) enables three-dimensional chemical mapping with near-atomic scale resolution. However, this method requires precise sample preparation, which is typically achieved using a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope. As the ion beam induces some degree of damage to the sample, it is necessary to apply a protective layer over the region of interest (ROI). Herein, the use of redeposition, a (frequently considered negative) side effect of FIB sputtering, is explored as a technique for targeted surface coatings in site-specific, near-surface APT investigations. In addition, the concept of “self-coating” is presented, which is the application of a capping layer using material from the same, or a similar, sample. It is shown to provide a pathway for high-quality coatings, as well as a method of minimizing the field evaporation threshold difference at the cap–sample interface, thus greatly reducing the likelihood of premature fractures. In situ redeposition surface coatings are shown to be versatile, with four materials used in the coating and analysis of two Si-based semiconductors and a Fe-Mn alloy. Several factors are discussed, such as the specimen yield, the capping layer quality, and the ease of ROI identification, all of which demonstrate its effectiveness in routine sample preparation workflows.
Preparation of Small Extracellular Vesicles Using Sequential Ultrafiltration with Regenerated Cellulose Membranes of Different Molecular Weight Cutoffs: A Study of Morphology and Size by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ishii Noriyuki , Tateno Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is still room for improvement in the isolation and purification techniques for extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly in the separation of exosomes (small EVs) from other membrane vesicles such as microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish preparation methods that preserve the intrinsic properties of EVs in this context. In this study, we focus on the isolation and preparation of small EVs, exosomes, from the culture supernatant of a human cell line. We discuss the sequential use of regenerated cellulose membranes with different molecular weight cutoffs, based on direct evaluation by transmission electron microscopy, and examine the challenges of characterizing biological membrane vesicles, small EVs, identified during this process.
Pulmonary Coinfection of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus Species
Authors: Hatzl Stefan , Geiger Christina , Kriegl Lisa , Reinisch Andreas , Wölfler Albert , Apfaltrer Georg , Keldorfer Markus , Rödl Siegfried , Hoenigl Martin , Eller Philipp , Krause Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this multicenter study of 387 patients who were immunocompromised, 4.5% with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis also had Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Predictors of coinfection included elevated β-D-glucan and prolonged corticosteroid use. Coinfection correlated with reduced 30-day survival (22% vs 57%), suggesting that early identification and prophylaxis may improve outcomes.
Influence of Preoperative Physical Function Scores on Outcomes After Single-level Cervical Disc Replacement
Authors: Hartman Timothy J. , Nie James W. , Zheng Eileen , MacGregor Keith R. , Oyetayo Omolabake O. , Singh Kern 
Published: January 2025

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
We aim to determine the influence of preoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) scores on perioperative and postoperative outcomes, the latter determined through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the degree of achievement rates of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) following single-level cervical disc replacement (CDR).

Background:
Several studies have examined the relationship between preoperative PROMIS-PF as a prognostic factor for postoperative outcomes. Few studies have examined this relationship as it applies to CDR.

Methods:
Patients undergoing single-level CDR with preoperative PROMIS-PF scores were identified retrospectively using a single-surgeon database. Patients undergoing surgery for infection/fracture/malignancy were excluded. Patients were divided by mean preoperative PROMIS-PF score: lower-functioning (PROMIS-PF <40) and higher-functioning (PROMIS-PF ≥40). Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-PF), 12-item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), Visual Acuity Scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm, and Neck Disability Index scores, collected at preoperative, 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, and 1-year time points.

Results:
Fifty-seven patients were included with 33 considered higher functioning. Operative times were increased in the higher-functioning group (P = 0.003). The lower-functioning cohort saw improvement in all 6-week/12-week/6-month PROMs. The higher-functioning cohort saw improvement in all PROMs except SF-12 PCS. Between groups, the higher-functioning cohort reported greater postoperative PROMIS-PF at multiple time points, preoperative SF-12 PCS, 12-week/preoperative VAS-neck, and preoperative VAS-arm (P ≤ 0.036, all). The lower-functioning group had greater preoperative/6-week Neck Disability Index (P ≤ 0.027, all) and had greater MCID achievement at 6-month SF-12 PCS/12-week VAS arm (P ≤ 0.026, all).

Conclusion:
Independent of preoperative function, both groups reported improvement in all outcomes except for SF-12 PCS in the higher-functioning cohort. Between groups, the higher-functioning cohort had significantly better outcomes; however, this significance was not seen past 12 weeks for any PROM. MCID achievement rates were significantly greater in the lower-functioning group in the SF-12 PCS and VAS arm. Patients with lower preoperative PROMIS-PF scores may experience greater rates of clinically noticeable improvements in function/arm pain postoperatively.
The Modified Frailty 5-Factor Index Predicts Adverse Outcomes After Ventral Hernia Repair in a National Database
Authors: Diaz Allison L. , Lee Wen-Yu , Oh Cheongeun , Kimberly Laura L. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Ventral hernia repair (VHR) is a common procedure performed on a comorbid patient population at risk for complications, necessitating effective preoperative risk assessment. Previous research suggests that frailty better predicts adverse outcomes compared with historical risk proxies including age. We examined the association between frailty as measured by the 5-factor modified frailty index and postoperative complications following VHR as reported in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2015 to 2020 was performed for patients who underwent VHR with the component separation technique. Descriptive analyses were performed on demographics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and the modified frailty index score. Multivariable regression was conducted for frailty, age, other comorbidities, and hernia characteristics to determine the relationship to all-cause and surgical site complications, complication severity, complications with Clavien-Dindo score above 3, length of stay, readmission, and reoperation. All analyses were performed using R software. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 14,575 patients were identified. Frailty was a significant predictor of all-cause complications, readmission, reoperation, and increasing length of stay. Increased age was a significant predictor for length of stay and severe systemic complications. Smoking status and American Society of Anesthesiologists class of 4 were associated with all outcomes. Body mass index predicted surgical site complications and reoperation.

Conclusions:
Frailty can predict many postoperative complications of VHR with component separation technique and is an important element of risk prediction for potential surgical candidates.
Versatility of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Pedrazzi Nadine E. , Schweizer Riccardo , Klein Holger J. , Steiner Stephan , Vonlanthen René , Hermanns Thomas , Schneiter Didier , Giovanoli Pietro , Plock Jan A. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Abdominal wall reconstruction represents an ambitious and demanding challenge. This study aimed to illustrate the versatility of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in its different designs for the reconstruction of complex defects of the abdominal wall.

Methods:
Charts of patients with complex abdominal wall defects who underwent a reconstruction with an ALT flap at the University Hospital of Zurich (2018–2020) were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and ALT flaps used were analyzed in detail.

Results:
Ten patients received a total of 12 ALT flaps. Free flaps were applied to defects in the upper third of the abdomen. All flaps were harvested with a fascial component. An iliotibial tract reinforcement was incorporated in 4 (33%) cases, and 1 case included a muscular component and motor nerve, to provide functional reconstructive potential. A total of 30% of cases experienced complications requiring surgical revision during a mean follow-up of 5 months.

Conclusions:
The ALT flap represents a workhorse in abdominal wall reconstruction due to its versatility and anatomical proximity. Depending on the localization of the defect, this flap can be used in a pedicled or free microsurgical manner. The fascial component of the ALT fasciocutaneous flap and of the extended iliotibial tract provides stable fascia for reinforcement or fascial reconstruction of the abdominal wall. Raised as a chimeric flap with vastus lateralis muscle and motor branch of the femoral nerve, it is a viable option for functional reconstructions.
Efficacy of Split-Thickness Thin Amniotic Membrane Graft for Closure of Refractory or Large Macular Holes
Authors: Trivedi Vichar , You Qisheng , Lee Patrick SY , Im Jacob , Tran David V , Me Rao , Benenati Brian , Gregory Andrew , Le Kim , Lin Xihui 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To assess the effectiveness of split-thickness amniotic membrane (SAM) grafts in achieving closure of refractory or large macular holes (MH).

Methods:
This retrospective study reviewed data from patients who underwent surgical repair of MHs using SAM grafts between January 2019 and December 2023. Key parameters, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and MH size, were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:
The study included 13 patients (9 females; mean age 63.5 years). Before surgery, the median BCVA was 1.30 ± 0.56 LogMAR (approximate Snellen equivalent: 20/400), and the median MH size measured 717 ± 246.6 µm. After an average follow-up period of 28 months, the median BCVA improved significantly to 1.00 ± 0.52 LogMAR (p < 0.05) (approximate Snellen equivalent: 20/200). All MHs were successfully closed, and no intraoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion:
SAM grafting is a safe and reliable option for closing refractory or large MHs, resulting in significant improvements in BCVA and successful hole closure. Compared to full-thickness grafts, SAM grafts offer advantages such as increased flexibility in placement and ease of removal post-closure, due to their thinner and more pliable nature, which facilitates easier handling and positioning within the MH.
A 5-Year Review of Characteristics and Outcomes of Trauma Surgery Patients Leaving Against Medical Advice
Authors: Quick Joseph D. , Powell Lauren E. , Bien Erica , Adams Nellie R. , Miotke Sam A. , Barta Ruth J. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic, social, economic, and clinical factors of trauma surgery patients leaving against medical advice (AMA).

Methods:
Data were retroactively obtained from a level-one trauma center in a medium-sized metropolitan area from January 2017 to December 2021. The sample population consisted of patients admitted or treated by the trauma surgical service.

Results:
In the 5-year study period, 130 surgical patients left AMA and met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average patient was 38.8 years old. The majority were male (77.7%) and White (47.7%). It was found that 74.6% of patients had insurance, 23.6% were experiencing homelessness, and 6.2% required an interpreter. A large percentage of patients had a past medical history significant for depression (31.5%), anxiety disorders (25.4%), and substance use disorder (68.5%). Analysis of the hospital time course of this patient population indicated that patients were most often admitted to trauma surgery (70.0%) and most often required consults by neurosurgery (28.5%). Procedures were performed for 81.5% of patients and social services were consulted for 60.8% of patients. Only 50.8% of patients who left AMA were noted to receive discharge instructions. Nearly half (44.6%) of the patients returned to a hospital to receive additional care within 1 month of their initial AMA discharge date.

Conclusions:
A concerning number of trauma surgery patients left without discharge instructions, possibly leading to a high rate of 30-day hospital readmission. Future studies are needed to examine and further characterize the relationship between discharge protocol and outcomes of patients leaving AMA.
A Comprehensive Approach to Reducing Patient Safety Indicators (PSI-90)
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Leyk Rachel , Mannuru Devendranath , Briggs Steven , Zreik Khaled 
Published: January 2025

Background:
PSI-90, a composite measure comprising ten indicators, reflects the quality of care during hospital stays. The Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP), a Centers for Medicare and Medical Services (CMS) program, assesses hospital performance based on quality measures, including PSI-90, with financial implications for poor performers.

Objectives:
To evaluate PSI events, establish workflows for accurate documentation, and foster collaboration across clinical and administrative teams, with the ultimate objective of reducing PSI events.

Methods:
Essential actions involved designating a PSI nurse reviewer and a quality physician advisor, securing the involvement of executive leadership, adopting computer-assisted coding technology, and promoting teamwork among Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI), coding, and Health Information Management (HIM) teams.

Results:
The collaborative efforts yielded a 45% reduction in PSI events, leading to estimated cost avoidance of $1.4 million, and exemption from HACRP penalties. Lessons learned encompassed the importance of executive leadership support, data-driven decision-making, and ongoing education.

Conclusion:
This study shows the significance of collaboration, leadership support, and data utilization in PSI reduction efforts. Furthermore, it shows benefit of a surgical quality officer in advancing patient safety, aligning with ACS recommendations.
Needs Assessment for Home Modification and Risk Factors for Home Unintentional Injuries in Post-total Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Tongta Saowalak , Woratanarat Patarawan , Wongsak Siwadol , Phonakhae Rossarin , Arunwilai Nartanong , Woratanarat Thira 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Home assessment and modification are crucial to prevent fall and fall-related injuries, especially in vulnerable subjects. This study assessed the need for home modifications and investigated risk factors associated with home injuries in post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.

Methods:
This study was conducted at the university hospital from July 2022 to July 2023. The patients who had undergone TKA without perioperative complications were recruited. The demographics, clinical data, home environmental factors, needs for home modification, and factors related to home unintentional injury were collected at 2 weeks postoperatively. The analysis was done by using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 140 patients were included. The occurrence of falls within 2 weeks after TKA was 33.57%. The location of falls was the home entrance (29.09%), living room (23.64%), and bathroom (18.18%). About 38.5% of the patients explicitly needed home modifications. Falls were associated with inefficient grab bars [adjusted odds ratio=3.26, 95% CI=1.37-7.81, P=0.008] and lighting (adjusted odds ratio=12.83, 95% CI=1.36-121.34, P=0.026).

Conclusions:
Falls among post-TKA patients were frequently occurred. Preoperative home assessment and home modifications should be done in order to minimize risks of falls, particularly in common locations.