bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity and dementia risk in US older adults: results from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Leung Cindy W , Insolera Noura E , Wolfson Julia A , McEvoy Claire T , Ryan Lindsay H , Friedman Esther M , Langa Kenneth M , Heeringa Steven G , Hao Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundGrowing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, longitudinal studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk.MethodsUsing data from the 2013‐2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the longest running nationally representative household panel survey, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among 3,232 adults (≥65 years). Food insecurity was assessed biennially using the US Household Food Security Survey Module since 2015. Dementia risk was assessed bienially using the Eight Item Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) since 2017. We used inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models to account for the time‐varying nature of food insecurity and sociodemographic and health confounders.ResultsIn the sample of US households with older adults (mean age (SE), 69.7 (0.2) years, 57% female), the weighted prevalence of food insecurity ranged from 5.3‐7.0% and the weighted prevalence of dementia risk ranged from 20.7‐21.8%. After accounting for baseline and time‐varying confounders, there was a two‐fold association between food insecurity and dementia risk (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.12, 3.98). In sensitivity analyses, results were similar when expanding the exposure definition to include milder forms of food insecurity, and the outcome definition to include informant‐reported memory loss. Associations were not further modified by sex, race and ethnicity, or household participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.ConclusionsFood insecurity is a modifiable social determinant of health. Interventions and policies are needed to reduce food insecurity and promote healthy aging for older adults
Loneliness During COVID‐19: An Overlooked Risk Factor for Post‐Pandemic Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Harb Alaa , da Silva Fernanda Carini , de Jesus Maria Clara Ferreira , Willey Grace , Souza‐Talarico Juliana Nery 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to widespread social isolation and loneliness, especially among older adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern given its association with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, less is known about the potential impact of loneliness on cognitive health and decline in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic specifically.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence on the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A comprehensive search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), EMBASE, Scopus, AgeLine, and ProQuest for relevant studies published after January 2020 using PRISMA guidelines. Additional manual searches supplemented the database search. Inclusion criteria were studies with validated measurements of both cognitive function and COVID‐19 pandemic exposure in adults aged 60 years and older. Four paired reviewers independently assessed the identified studies for eligibility based on the predetermined criteria.ResultsThe search identified 9 eligible longitudinal studies with a total combined sample of 4,810 older adults. Three studies specifically measured loneliness using validated scales such as the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The most common assessment of cognition was the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), which was used in 8 of the 9 studies. Of the 4 studies examining the association between loneliness and cognitive decline, 3 reported a significant relationship even after adjusting for potential confounding factors including age, sex, and education level. However, the specific cognitive domains affected and magnitude of the association varied across studies.ConclusionThe available evidence from this systematic review suggests higher loneliness is significantly associated with cognitive decline in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This relationship remained even after accounting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. These findings highlight the need for post‐pandemic public health strategies that foster social engagement and interaction while maintaining appropriate physical distancing measures. Such approaches may help mitigate the secondary effects of the pandemic on mental and cognitive health among older adults. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interrelationships between social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive decline.
Social media responses to the approval of lecanemab in Japan: sentiment analysis
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Niimi Yoshiki , Ihara Ryoko , Iwata Atsushi , Arai Tetsuaki , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLecanemab, an anti‐amyloid therapy for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), received full FDA approval in July 2023 and subsequent approval in Japan in September 2023. Public reaction on social media was mixed, reflecting opinions on its efficacy, safety, and cost. We aimed to evaluate public perception of lecanemab’s approval on social media, aiming to inform future communications and development strategies for anti‐amyloid treatments.MethodWe analyzed Japanese‐language social media posts from X (formerly Twitter) and Facebook, collected within two weeks of lecanemab’s approval. Using GPT‐4, we assessed sentiments towards the drug, focusing on efficacy, adverse effects, societal impact, and overall impression.ResultOut of 478 posts, with 93.3% from X, sentiment analysis showed 43.7% negative, 26.6% neutral, and 29.7% positive overall impressions, with a significant difference by platform (p = 0.021). The predominant concern in negative posts was societal impact. There was moderate to good agreement between GPT‐4 and human ratings (kappa > 0.4) for all categories. Specific patterns of attitudes were observed depending on the overall impression to lecanemab’s approval. Medical professionals significantly expressed negative impressions (odds ratio = 1.679).ConclusionResponses to lecanemab’s approval displayed specific patterns, emphasizing the need for targeted communication and research direction on anti‐amyloid therapies.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Longitudinal Changes on Cognitive Health: A 10‐Year Follow‐up Study in Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Chen Cheng‐Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) has been linked to cognitive functions, yet limited research has explored the longitudinal effects of changes in MS on cognitive performance. This study aims to investigate the predictive impact of longitudinal MS status on cognitive performance and dissect its sex‐specific influence over a 10‐year follow‐up.MethodIn this community‐based prospective cohort study, 766 healthy subjects underwent baseline MS status assessment between 2006 and 2011. Changes in MS status and cognitive performance were evaluated from 2016 to 2021 using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MS change status was categorized into four groups: never MS, ever MS with improvement, newly onset MS, and persistent MS. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of longitudinal MS changes on endpoint cognition status while controlling for covariates. Categorical variables were dummy‐coded, and sex‐specific effects were examined by reanalyzing the data divided by sex.ResultSubjects had a mean age of 54.50 ± 8.03 years at baseline, with a mean follow‐up duration of 10.40 ± 0.79 years; 39.2% were men. The MoCA score in the persistent MS group was significantly lower than that in the never MS group (adjusted p = 0.020). However, no significant differences in MoCA scores were observed between the never MS group and the ever MS with improvement group (adjusted p = 0.759) or the newly onset MS group (adjusted p = 0.469). Further analysis of cognitive domains revealed that memory and language were the most significantly affected. In assessing sex‐specific effects, a significant association was found only in women, with no significant associations observed in men.ConclusionPersistent MS status contributes to cognitive decline over a 10‐year period, contrasting with the lack of impact in those with improving or newly onset MS status. This effect is particularly pronounced in middle‐aged women. The findings suggest that modifying MS status among middle‐aged individuals, especially women, may be beneficial in preventing future cognitive decline.
Masupirdine (SUVN‐502): Phase‐3 Study for the Potential Treatment of Agitation in Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, an Update
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Abraham Renny , Ravula Jyothsna , Jetta Satish , Benade Vijay , Shinde Anil , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Badange Rajesh Kumar , Goyal Vinod Kumar , Palacharla Veera Raghava Chowdary , Subramanian Ramkumar , Jayarajan Pradeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) agitation is a distressing neuropsychiatric symptom characterized by excessive motor activity, verbal aggression, or physical aggression. Agitation is one of the causes of caregiver distress, increased morbidity and mortality, and early institutionalization in patients with AD. Current medications used for the management of agitation have modest efficacy and have substantial side effects. Therefore, there remains an urgent clinical priority for effective and safe treatments for agitation in AD.Serotonin‐6 (5‐HT6) receptors are widely expressed in the brain regions including the cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and striatum; brain areas centrally involved in mood and behavior. Blockade of 5‐HT6 receptors may have a potential therapeutic utility in managing agitation. Masupirdine is a potent and selective 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist and is being developed as a potential treatment for agitation associated with AD.MethodMasupirdine was evaluated in animal models of aggressive behaviors like resident‐intruder task and dominant‐submissive assay. The cognitive and motor performances were assessed using the alternating lever cyclic ration schedule.Subgroup analyses of a Phase‐2, 26‐week proof‐of‐concept clinical study (NCT02580305) based on the neuropsychiatric inventory scale were carried out.A Phase‐3, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, global study is in progress to explore the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of masupirdine in patients with agitation in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (NCT05397639 and EudraCT 2021‐003405‐22).ResultOral administration of masupirdine significantly (p<0.05) attenuated aggressive behaviors in the resident‐intruder task and dominant‐submissive assay. In the alternating lever cyclic ration schedule, no changes were observed in the cognitive and motor performances after treatment with Masupirdine (p>0.05).Potential beneficial effects in reducing agitation/aggression symptoms were observed in the post hoc analyses of the Phase‐2 study of masupirdine in AD patients.Updates from the ongoing Phase‐3 study (NCT05397639 and EudraCT 2021‐003405‐22) will be presented in the poster.ConclusionOutcomes from animal models of aggression and subgroup analysis of the Phase‐2 study suggest that masupirdine may alleviate agitation. The Phase‐3 study results may inform the therapeutic utility of masupirdine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s agitation. Phase‐3 study data readout is anticipated in Q1/Q2 2025.
Enhancing Dementia Care in Rural Communities: A Tele‐rehabilitative Approach through Community‐Centered Technology Integration
Authors: Corvini Marguerite , Wang Jing , Arthanat Sajay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundResource‐constrained rural areas face significant challenges in providing access to healthcare resources, especially for older adults, including those living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). We seek to address these gaps by equipping six rural community sites in New Hampshire and Maine with tele‐rehabilitative equipment. Libraries and community centers that serves youth and older adults, vital in rural communities, are identified as key partners to advance digital health literacy, equity, and telemedicine services for older adults including those living with ADRD, with the University of [blind for review] Center for Digital Health Innovation (CDHI).MethodThe project includes one hub site, one hub/end‐user site, and four end‐user sites spread across rural communities in New Hampshire and Maine. Each location will receive advanced tele‐rehabilitative tools, such as video conferencing and virtual reality (VR) technologies. The [blind for review] CDHI is responsible for equipment deployment, local staff training, and the formulation of telehealth programs tailored to meet the needs of older adults, particularly those with ADRD. We will obtain feedback from users and staff through focus groups regarding the barriers and facilitators to accessing and integrating the telehealth resources leveraging the strategic role of libraries and community centers in these communities.ResultThe implementation of the project is set to bolster tele‐rehabilitative service capacity across the consortium, potentially impacting around 70,000 rural residents. Expected outcomes include insights into the barriers and facilitators impacting access to specialized healthcare services for older adults with dementia and specific community engagement strategies in rural settings.ConclusionThis initiative represents a focused strategy to address healthcare and educational disparities experienced by older adults, including those with ADRD, in rural settings. By integrating advanced technology with community engagement, it not only aims to improve the quality of life for these individuals but also sets a precedent for similar rural development programs, striving to close the gap in healthcare and education in resource‐limited areas.
The effects of six months of the adapted Otago Exercise Program on cognition and falls relative to usual care alone among people living with dementia in residential care facilities: A pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jehu Deborah A 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThere are no evidence‐based exercise guidelines to reduce falls in people living with dementia (PWD). The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the 1) feasibility and acceptability, and 2) effect of exercise on cognition and falls (exploratory) relative to usual care alone among PWD.MethodsWe randomized PWD to the exercise (n = 21) or usual care group (n = 21) at two residential care facilities in our pilot parallel, assessor‐blinded RCT (1:1) [NCT05488951]. We examined feasibility (recruitment, data collection, dropout rates, adverse events, adherence) and acceptability (satisfaction). Our adapted physical therapist‐led Otago Exercise Program consisted of 1 hour of strength, balance, and walking 3x/week for 6 months in groups of 5‐7 PWD. At baseline and 6 months, participants completed the Color‐Word Stroop 3‐2 (primary), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA); Trail‐Making test, Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Judgment of Line Orientation; Boston Naming Test; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and the Health Utilities Index‐3 (HUI‐3). We pulled falls monthly from medical charts. We performed intent‐to‐treat (ITT; n = 42) and per protocol analyses (n = 9 with ≥2x/week exercise adherence, n = 21 usual care), controlling for age, race, sex, and the MOCA.ResultsRecruitment and enrolment were completed in 7 months (36% female; 17% African Americans; Age:82.1±8.1years; MOCA:10.2±5.9points). The attrition rate was 19.0%, exercise adherence was moderate (60.2±34.5%; 47/78 exercise sessions), and satisfaction was good (4.2/5 points). The trial established protocol safety, with no adverse events related to the intervention. The ITT analysis revealed no differences in the Color‐Word Stroop (primary), but better executive function (Digit Span Backwards) following exercise relative to usual care (p<0.05). The per‐protocol analysis revealed better executive function (Digit Span Backwards) and HUI‐3 following exercise relative to usual care (p<0.05). There were no effects on falls (exercise:13 falls, n = 8 recurrent, n = 1 injurious; usual care:13 falls, n = 10 recurrent, n = 4 injurious).ConclusionThis pilot RCT was feasible and acceptable. Any amount of exercise appears to improve executive function, with at least 2x/week exercise also benefiting quality of life among PWD. These findings may have implications for targeted treatment strategies and inform a larger trial powered for falls in PWD.
Clinician Attitudes and Confidence on the Detection and Management of Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Early Detection Program
Authors: Ferrell Phyllis Barkman , Murray James F. , Ball Daniel E , dos Santos Filho Otelo Corrêa , Lima Marcilea Dias de Sá Paiva , Govia Ishtar , Robinson Janelle , Kowa Hisatomo , López‐Ortega Mariana , McKean Alison , Chambers Wendy , Baksh Magda R. , Baldivieso Valeria , Willis Deanna R , Fowler Nicole R , Selzler Katherine J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEarly symptoms of cognitive impairment are frequently undetected. The Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative System Preparedness (DAC‐SP) Early Detection program implemented a digital cognitive assessment (DCA) in primary care and other non‐specialty settings to increase the rate of detection of cognitive impairment.MethodsThe DAC‐SP Early Detection program was initiated in 2021 in seven healthcare systems across six countries. Clinicians were trained on a DCA, including positive tests for cognitive impairment and diagnostic assessment. Prior to training or naïve to implementing a DCA in clinical practice, clinicians’ attitudes and confidence in diagnosis and managing dementia were assessed using the validated General Practitioners Attitude and Confidence Scale for Dementia (GPACS‐D), which is comprised of 15 items in three subscales: Confidence in Clinical Abilities, Attitude towards Care, and Engagement. Each item is measured on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), and subscale scores are standardized. A total of 265 pre‐training surveys were completed across the 7 sites. The GPACS‐D results were calculated by averaging individual physician results per the validated scoring algorithm. The cross‐site results were calculated by taking an equally weighted average across the seven sites.ResultsThe GPACS‐D results across the seven sites are presented in Table 1. Across all sites, baseline attitude towards care was the highest of the three subscales. For most sites, confidence in clinical abilities received the lowest scores, with engagement scores only modestly higher. The total and subscale scores were consistent across sites, supported by the relatively low standard deviation.ConclusionThe findings from the GPACS‐D total and subscale scores suggest that prior to receiving training on using a digital cognitive assessment for their patient populations, clinicians’ attitudes towards the diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment were similar across the seven sites, and independent of the country in which they practice. Despite positive attitudes toward care, the results suggest that education or training focused more on engagement and confidence may improve early detection and care of patients with cognitive impairment, particularly as new diagnostic and therapeutic options emerge.
Remote sleep and memory assessments in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Recruitment, retention, and completion of home‐based study tasks
Authors: Gabb Victoria Grace , Blackman Jonathan , Morrison Hamish , Biswas Bijetri , Li Haoxuan , Turner Nicholas , Whone Alan , Coulthard Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep is associated with neurodegenerative diseases underlying dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). Performing assessments within clinical or laboratory settings may influence validity, however feasibility of home sleep and memory assessments in this population is currently undetermined. This study aimed to identify whether remote home‐based sleep and memory research including wearable technology was feasible in older adults with MCI and dementia.MethodAdults aged over 50 with MCI or dementia due to AD or LBD and matched controls (HC) were asked to complete 8 weeks (55 nights) of continuous wrist actigraphy and daily sleep diaries via a mobile application. During one of these weeks, participants were also asked to collect 10 serial saliva samples for cortisol and melatonin assays, wear a wireless electroencephalography (EEG) headband during sleep for 7 nights, and complete 6 short verbal memory tests via videoconferencing. Feasibility metrics on recruitment, retention, data completion, and study support were collated.ResultRecruitment: 129 individuals were potentially eligible during pre‐screening. 44 (34.1%) participants consented to take part. 41 participants (AD = 10, LBD = 11, HC = 20; mean age 71.1, range 57‐81; 22.0% female) met screening criteria and were enrolled. Barriers to recruitment included concerns about ability to complete study tasks, impact on sleep from study assessments, and unfamiliarity with digital technology. Retention: 40/41 (97.6%) participants completed the study. 1 participant withdrew post‐baseline due to personal circumstances. Data completion: Across tasks, data completion rates were high and similar across subgroups. 97.3% (389/400) of saliva samples, 90.0% (144/160) of verbal memory tasks, 93.5% (2,056/2,200) of sleep diaries, 97.0% (2,133/2,200) nights of actigraphy, and 91.4% (256/280) of EEG recordings were completed. Reasons for missing data included technical issues, scheduling difficulties (work/caring commitments), illness, and forgetting to complete or difficulty understanding tasks. Study support: 10 participants (AD = 3, LBD = 7) reported receiving external support (partner or relative) during the study. Regular researcher support was provided via email, video calls, and scheduled SMS/email/in‐app reminders.ConclusionRemote, technology‐supported sleep and memory research is feasible in older adults with MCI/dementia and could contribute towards longitudinal, naturalistic, and convenient sleep and memory profiling.