bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high‐intensity interval walking on microvascular endothelial function among community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Kamiya Kuniyasu , Hayashi Emi , Ito Yuri , Kudo Asako , Kakihana Hironobu , Tsuda Kouji , Saito Masahisa , Nukui Yuji , Nakayama Shin , Ueno Takaaki , Hoshiga Masaaki , Tamaki Junko 
Published: January 2023

AimTo investigate the effects of high‐intensity interval exercise training on microvascular endothelial function among community‐dwelling older people.MethodsWe analyzed the data from a nonrandomized controlled trial. This study's participants were 48 men (aged 75 ± 5 years; exercise training group, n = 24; control group, n = 24) and 83 women (aged 75 ± 4 years; exercise training group, n = 36; control group, n = 47). The exercise training group underwent a high‐intensity interval walking training for 5 months.ResultsIn the exercise group, 100% and 91.7% of men and women, respectively, achieved brisk walking times ≥50 min/week. The change in the reactive hyperemia index significantly differed between the groups of men, whereas that in the control group was not significant; however, a significant increase was observed in the exercise training group. Among women, changes in the reactive hyperemia index were not significant in either group; however, for women in the exercise training group, these changes negatively and positively correlated with the change in body mass index (Spearman's rho = −0.342; P = 0.041) and baseline body mass index (rho = 0.362, P = 0.030), respectively. Additionally, the distribution of body mass index was broader in women than in men.ConclusionsInterval walking training increased the reactive hyperemia index in men rather than in women. A higher variation in baseline body mass index may be associated with no statistical increase in reactive hyperemia index in women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 103–110.
POETICS AND POLITICS OF CLIMATE: STURM UND DRANG AND ENLIGHTENMENT‐ERA CLIMATE THEORY
Authors: Baumeister Anna‐Lisa 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the ‘radicality’ of the Sturm und Drang in relation to Enlightenment‐era climate theory. In the wake of Montesquieu's seminal De l'Esprit des Lois (1748), the notion of climate as a fundamental driver of human culture was popularised across Europe. It is argued that Sturm und Drang authors embraced this trend while at the same time developing their own radical climate discourse distinct from Enlightenment‐era climate theory. The texts surveyed here – by Goethe, Heinse, Herder, Lenz and Schiller – reject universalist idealisations of the Mediterranean and contest colonialist arguments for the creation of a moderate world‐climate. Against this historical background of colonialist climate control, the Sturm und Drang poetics of climate reaches beyond ethnological‐nationalistic origin‐myths and irrationalist mythologies of nature, amounting instead to a critical engagement with the purposiveness of climatic variety and a poetological attempt to unite Enlightenment ideals of freedom with the thinking of difference. In this way, the article rejects a prominent understanding of the Sturm und Drang as formative for the development of climate theory in the German context, and as politically reactionary in its climate discourse. Rather, the article sets out a radically Enlightened Sturm und Drang poetics of climate.
Longitudinal analysis of mucosa‐associated invariant T cells in sepsis reveals their early numerical decline with prognostic implications and a progressive loss of antimicrobial functions
Authors: Choi Joshua , Schmerk Crystal L , Mele Tina S , Rudak Patrick T , Wardell Christine M , Deng Gansen , Pavri Farzan R , Kim Kyoungok , Cepinskas Gediminas , He Wenqing , Haeryfar SM Mansour 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSepsis‐elicited immunosuppression elevates the risk of secondary infections. We used a clinically relevant mouse model and serial peripheral blood samples from patients to assess the antimicrobial activities of mucosa‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in sepsis. Hepatic and splenic MAIT cells from B6‐MAITCAST mice displayed increased CD69 expression and a robust interferon‐γ (IFNγ) production capacity shortly after sublethal cecal ligation and puncture, but not at a late timepoint. Peripheral blood MAIT cell frequencies were reduced in septic patients at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and more dramatically so among nonsurvivors, suggesting the predictive usefulness of early MAIT cell enumeration. In addition, at ICU admission, MAIT cells from sepsis survivors launched stronger IFNγ responses to several bacterial species compared with those from patients who subsequently died of sepsis. Of note, while low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR+ monocyte frequencies, widely regarded as a surrogate indicator of sepsis‐induced immunosuppression, were gradually corrected, the numerical insufficiency of MAIT cells was not resolved over time, and their CD69 expression continued to decline. MAIT cell responses to bacterial pathogens, a major histocompatibility complex–related protein 1 (MR1) ligand, and interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐18 were also progressively lost during sepsis and did not recover by the time of ICU/hospital discharge. We propose that MAIT cell dysfunctions contribute to post‐sepsis immunosuppression.
Universal Procreation Rights and Future Generations
Authors: Campbell Tim , Kolk Martin , Mosquera Julia 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIt is often acknowledged that public policies can constrain people's procreative opportunities, in some cases even infringing their procreative rights. However, a topic that is not often discussed is how the procreative choices of one generation can affect the procreative opportunities of later generations. In this article, we argue that the demographic fact that childbearing above the replacement fertility level is eventually unsustainable supports two constraints on universal procreation rights: a compossibility constraint and an egalitarian constraint. We explore the implications of these two constraints and suggest that there are reasons to think of procreative opportunity as a finite resource that can be distributed more or less equally across generations. We also briefly discuss possible ways of meeting demands of intergenerational justice with respect to procreative opportunity.
Vitamin D and risk of hypertension among Black women
Authors: Sheehy Shanshan , Palmer Julie R. , Cozier Yvette , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence of an association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and risk of hypertension, predominantly from studies of White individuals, suggests an inverse relationship. Limited data are available on Black individuals, who are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency. In the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a prospective study of 59 000 self‐identified Black women from across the US, we assessed levels of a validated predicted vitamin D score in relation to incident hypertension. We followed 42 239 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer from 1995 to 2019, during which time 19 505 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Cox proportional hazards model were used to calculate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of predicted vitamin D with the risk of incident hypertension. In age‐adjusted analyses, there was a strong inverse dose‐response association between predicted vitamin D score and hypertension risk, with an HR of .66 (95% CI: .63‐.68, p trend < .0001) for the highest quartile of predicted vitamin D relative to the lowest. After control for potential confounders including body mass index, physical activity, and cigarette smoking, the HR was attenuated to .91 (95% CI: .87–.95, p trend = .002). In this prospective cohort study of Black women, predicted vitamin D score was weakly inversely associated with the incidence of hypertension. This observed association may reflect an inability to fully control for confounding factors.
The association between atopic eczema and lymphopenia: Results from a UK cohort study with replication in US survey data
Authors: Hollestein Loes M. , Ye Morgan Ya Fang , Ang Ky‐Leigh , Forbes Harriet , Mansfield Kathryn E. , Abuabara Katrina , Smeeth Liam , Langan Sinéad M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLymphocyte skin homing in atopic eczema (AE) may induce lymphopenia.ObjectiveTo determine if AE is associated with lymphopenia.MethodsWe used UK primary care electronic health records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD) for a matched cohort study in adults (18 years+) (1997–2015) with at least one recorded lymphocyte count. We matched people with AE to up to five people without. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between AE and lymphopenia (two low lymphocyte counts within 3 months) and linear mixed effects regression to estimate the association with absolute lymphocyte counts using all available counts. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the effect of lymphopenia on common infections. We replicated the study using US survey data (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]).ResultsAmong 71,731 adults with AE and 126,349 adults without AE, we found an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for lymphopenia of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23); the strength of association increased with increasing eczema severity. When comparing all recorded lymphocyte counts from adults with AE (n = 1,497,306) to those of people without AE (n = 4,035,870) we saw a lower mean lymphocyte (adjusted mean difference −0.047 × 109/L [95% CI: −0.051 to −0.043]) in those with AE. The difference was larger for men, with increasing age, and with increasing AE severity and was present among people with AE not treated with immunosuppressive drugs. In NHANES (n = 22,624), the adjusted OR for lymphopenia in adults with AE was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.80–2.11), and the adjusted mean lymphocyte count difference was −0.03 × 109/L (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.02). Despite having a lower lymphocyte count, adjusting for time with lymphopenia, did not alter risk estimates of infections.ConclusionAtopic eczema, including increasing AE severity, is associated with a decreased lymphocyte count, regardless of immunosuppressive drug use. Whether the lower lymphocyte count has wider health implications for people with severe eczema warrants further investigation.
A practical approach to the management of hair loss in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Klein Elizabeth J. , Oh Christina S. , Karim Maria , Shapiro Jerry , Lo Sicco Kristen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFemale patterned hair loss (FPHL) is a common form of androgenetic alopecia in women and is characterized by a hormonally directed diffuse hair loss on the scalp. Management of FPHL is well described in the literature; however, treatment of FPHL in patients with co‐morbid polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), an endocrinologic condition found in reproductive‐aged women, has not yet been reviewed. Due to the different pathomechanism of the diseases and complexity of FPHL in PCOS patients, this study aimed to review current diagnosis and management approaches for hair loss in PCOS patients specifically and highlight the growing need for more research in this growing patient population.
Identifying unmet needs and challenges in the definition of a plaque in mycosis fungoides: An EORTC‐CLTG/ISCL survey
Authors: Quaglino Pietro , Scarisbrick Julia , Roccuzzo Gabriele , Abeldano Alejandra , Battistella Maxime , McCormack Chris , Cowan Richard , Cozzio Antonio , Cury‐Martins Jade , Enz Paula , Geskin Larisa , Guenova Emmanuella , Kim Youn H. , Knobler Robert , Litvinov Ivan V. , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Molgo Montserrat , Nicolay Jan , Papadavid Evangelina , Pinter‐Brown Lauren , Pujol Vallverdu Ramon , Querfeld Christiane , Ortiz‐Romero Pablo , Stadler Rudolf , Vermeer Maarten H. , Bagot Martine , Hodak Emmilia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsensus about the definition and classification of ‘plaque’ in mycosis fungoides is lacking.ObjectivesTo delineate a comprehensive view on how the ‘plaque’ entity is defined and managed in clinical practice; to evaluate whether the current positioning of plaques in the TNMB classification is adequate.MethodsA 12‐item survey was circulated within a selected panel of 22 experts (pathologists, dermatologists, haematologists and oncologists), members of the EORTC and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma. The questionnaire discussed clinical and histopathological definitions of plaques and its relationship with staging and treatment.ResultsTotal consensus and very high agreement rates were reached in 33.3% of questions, as all panellists regularly check for the presence of plaques, agree to evaluate the presence of plaques as a potential separate T class, and concur on the important distinction between plaque and patch for the management of early‐stage MF. High agreement was reached in 41.7% of questions, since more than 50% of the responders use Olsen's definition of plaque, recommend the distinction between thin/thick plaques, and agree on performing a biopsy on the most infiltrated/indurated lesion. High divergence rates (25%) were reported regarding the possibility of a clinically based distinction between thin and thick plaques and the role of histopathology to plaque definition.ConclusionsThe definition of ‘plaque’ is commonly perceived as a clinical entity and its integration with histopathological features is generally reserved to specific cases. To date, no consensus is achieved as for the exact definition of thin and thick plaques and current positioning of plaques within the TNMB system is considered clinically inadequate. Prospective studies evaluating the role of histopathological parameters and other biomarkers, as well as promising diagnostic tools, such as US/RM imaging and high‐throughput blood sequencing, are much needed to fully integrate current clinical definitions with more objective parameters.
Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)
Authors: Riepe Tawni B. , Fetherman Eric R. , Neuschwanger Brad , Davis Tracy , Perkins Andrew , Winkelman Dana L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum has been well‐documented in anadromous salmonids but not in hatchery‐reared inland trout. We assessed whether the bacterium is vertically transmitted in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) from a Colorado, USA hatchery, and assessed the rate of transmission from male and female brood fish. Adult brood fish were killed, tested for R. salmoninarum in kidney, liver, spleen, ovarian fluid, blood and mucus samples, then stripped of gametes to create 32 families with four infection treatments (MNFN, MNFP, MPFN, MPFP; M: male, F: female, P: positive, N: negative). Progeny from each treatment was sampled at 6 and 12 months to test for the presence of R. salmoninarum with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our study indicated that vertical transmission was high and occurred among 60% of families across all infection treatments. However, the average proportion of infected progeny from individual families was low, ranging from 1% (MNFP, MPFN and MPFP treatments) up to 21% (MPFP treatment). Hatcheries rearing inland salmonids would be well suited to limit vertical transmission through practices such as lethal culling because any amount of transmission can perpetuate the infection throughout fish on a hatchery.
Application of portable near‐infrared spectroscopy technology for grade identification of Panax notoginseng slices
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Zhang Yu , Shi Lei , Li Lixia , Cui Xiuming , Gao Yongping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPanax notoginseng slices (PNS) are prepared from the taproot of a rare Chinese herbal plant, Panax notoginseng. The price and efficacy of PNS change depending on its grade, but substandard PNS are more prevalent in the Asian market. In this study, a portable near‐infrared spectrometer was used to collect the spectra of 240 PNS samples divided into four grades. The spectral data were preprocessed by the Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter to eliminate noise interference. Principal component analysis (PCA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, and variable combination population analysis were used to extract the feature variables of the spectral data. The selected feature variables were used to establish least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) classification models. To further improve the classification accuracy of the most effective of these models, a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) was introduced, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as well as genetic algorithm (GA) were used to conduct comparative analyses. The results showed that PCA provided accurate identification information of different PNS grades and that the classification effect of the LSSVM model was better than that of the ELM and SVM models. During the optimization process, the optimization accuracy of the GWO was better than that of the PSO and GA systems. Therefore, the optimal classification model was established as GWO–PCA–LSSVM, and the classification accuracy of the test set was 91.67%. Therefore, portable near‐infrared spectroscopy technology can be used to identify the grade of PNS effectively.
Insights from dietitians providing individualised dietetic care to people living with disabilities: A single site exploration in the community
Authors: Roesler Anna , Probst Yasmine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to share insights and lessons learnt by dietitians providing individualised care to people living with disabilities in the community. This is important to build the evidence to inform dietetic best practice standards.MethodsThe study involved a cross‐sectional data audit of dietitian reports for clients living with a disability seen at a metropolitan dietitian clinic in South Australia. Content analysis of the reports was conducted. Initial coding occurred deductively followed by inductive qualitative content analysis.ResultsThirty‐one participants consented to have their dietitian reports included in the study. Intellectual disabilities made up the majority (48%) of disabilities reported in the sample. Nutrition diagnoses predominantly related to energy imbalances (54%). Barriers to dietary change included a reliance on others and limitations in the disability support system. Kitchen skills and cooking were the most often employed nutrition strategy suggested by dietitians. Following dietetic intervention, improvements were seen in the types of foods people with a disability consumed along with changes to their body weight. Dietitians reported the importance of effective communication with the care team and providing engaging methods to instigate dietary behaviour change.ConclusionsThe present study highlights that there are opportunities to build on individualised dietetic care provided to people living with disabilities. These opportunities include addressing excess energy consumption, fostering collaborations with other health providers and understanding how to better work with carers. Further research is required to understand how to progress these opportunities forward and to understand the generalisability of the findings.
Infraorbital mass long after dermal filler injection: A report of two cases
Authors: Arici Ceyhun , Tosuner Zeynep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid fillers have been increasingly used throughout the world in the management of aging skin in the periocular region and other areas.ObjectiveTo evaluate very late‐term orbital mass formation secondary to Hyaluronic acid filler injection into the inferior eyelid.MethodsWe report two cases that presented with a subcutaneous palpable mass localized at the right medial lower infraorbital area. Following clinical and radiological examination, surgical excision was required for the differential diagnosis of tumor.ResultsAfter pathologic examination and the finding of a foreign‐body granulomatous reaction, both patients recalled that hyaluronic acid filler had once been injected into their lower eyelids approximately 10 years prior. This is consistent with the fact that dermal‐filler‐related granuloma formation may occur even years later in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions.ConclusionIt is suggested that patients be informed about the possible but rare mass effect in the infraorbital region. Clinicians should also attend to delayed hypersensitivity reactions, since patients may not recall details due to the length of time since injection.
Topical management of acne scars: The uncharted terrain
Authors: Bikash Chingshubam , Sarkar Rashmi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionScarring is a common but difficult to manage consequence of acne vulgaris. The intricate balance between the degradation of collagen and its inhibition is disturbed during the formation of acne scars. We mostly rely on invasive, non‐topical modalities for the treatment of acne scars which may not be indicated in all patients. There is also a need for maintainence therapies after these procedures.ReviewThe topical agents can be utilized as individual therapy, in combination with other modalities or delivered through assisted technology like iontophoresis. Retinoids have long been tried to prevent and treat acne scars. Tacrolimus and glycolic acid are among the newer sole agents that have been explored. Ablative lasers like Er:YAG, CO2 and Microneedling are being used in combination with topical agents like silicone gel, plasma gel, lyophilized growth factors, platelet rich plasma, insulin, and mesenchymal stem cells. These procedures not only increase the permeability of the topical agents but also concomitantly improve acne scars. Iontophoresis has proven beneficial in increasing the delivery of topical estriol and tretinoin.ConclusionThere is lack of evidence to support the widespread use of these topical agents, and therefore, there is need for further well designed studies.