bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgrading CO2 into acetate on Bi2O3@carbon felt integrated electrode via coupling electrocatalysis with microbial synthesis
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Zhang Kang , Sun Yidan , Zhang Shukang , Qiu Zhenyu , Song Tianshun , Xie Jingjing , Wu Yuping , Chen Yuhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUpgrading of atmospheric CO2 into high‐value‐added acetate using renewable electricity via electrocatalysis solely remains a great challenge. Here, inspired by microbial synthesis via biocatalysts, we present a coupled system to produce acetate from CO2 by bridging inorganic electrocatalysis with microbial synthesis through formate intermediates. A 3D Bi2O3@CF integrated electrode with an ice‐sugar gourd shape was fabricated via a straightforward hydrothermal synthesis strategy, wherein Bi2O3 microspheres were decorated on carbon fibers. This ice‐sugar gourd‐shaped architecture endows electrodes with multiple structural advantages, including synergistic contribution, high mass transport capability, high structural stability, and large surface area. Consequently, the resultant Bi2O3@CF exhibited a maximum Faradic efficiency of 92.4% at −1.23 V versus Ag/AgCl for formate generation in 0.5 M KHCO3, exceeding that of Bi2O3/CF prepared using a conventional electrode preparation strategy. Benefiting from the high formate selectivity, unique architecture, and good biocompatibility, the Bi2O3@CF electrode attached with enriched CO2‐fixing electroautotrophs served as a biocathode. As a result, a considerable acetate yield rate of 0.269 ± 0.009 g L−1 day−1 (a total acetate yield of 3.77 ± 0.12 g L−1 during 14‐day operation) was achieved in the electrochemical–microbial system equipped with Bi2O3@CF.
Struggling to Become a Mother: Literary Representations of Involuntary Childlessness
Authors: Björklund Jenny 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on literary representations of childlessness, more particularly, Swedish novels from the twenty-first century, with female protagonists and where the struggle to have children takes center stage: Pernilla Glaser’s 40 minus (2010; 40 Below), Martina Haag’s Glada hälsningar från Missångerträsk: En vintersaga (2011; Happy Greetings from Missångerträsk: A Winter’s Tale), and Tove Folkesson’s Hennes ord: Värk I–III (2019; Her Words: Ache I–III). I analyze the literary representations of involuntary childlessness and the women at the center of the narratives, focusing in particular on how non-motherhood is positioned in relation to femininity and (hetero)normativity. I also situate these representations in their national context and analyze how they relate to Swedish-branded values like gender equality and progressive family politics. On the one hand, the representations of non-motherhood illustrate the centrality of motherhood to normative femininity, and all three novels reinforce heteronormative temporalities. On the other hand, the novels to some extent also resist these norms. Moreover, none of these novels ends with children or even a pregnancy, and thus the narratives break with the conventional infertility plot line and frame the struggle to become a mother as a story that can be told in its own right.
What Does It Take to Be a Professional Translator? Identity as a Resource
Authors: Sela-Sheffy Rakefet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study’s author proposes integrating the lens of identity research into critical discussions of professions, questioning the role of professionalization as a status mechanism. Addressing under-professionalized occupational domains, drawing largely from Bourdieu, she conceives “professionalism” as symbolic capital negotiated by workers, to account for the ambiguity of professional knowledge and skills. She views professional competencies as socially learned and controlled, embodied in workers’ dispositions and self-perception (and not in institutional regulation). Translators provide a quintessential (though under-researched) case of extremely under-professionalized occupation, despite being in great demand. Using in-depth-interviews and miscellaneous popular documents, the author analyzes Israeli translators’ discursive construction of professional identities as where their professional capital is produced. She shows that translation sectors engage incounter-professionalization—the deliberate rejection of formalization and standardization—as a prevailing status strategy. Locating professionalism in personal natural abilities, she reveals how this strategy helps rebutting the image of unqualified workers, providing the axis for this occupation’s status structure.
Preserving the Epistemic Authority of Science in World Politics
Authors: Haas Peter M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGovernments rely extensively on expertise, and arguably many of the major accomplishments over the last 50 years reflect the ideas and involvement of experts. Yet expertise in world politics is increasingly contested. This chapter looks at the role of science and expertise in the world politics, and the multiple criteria of legitimacy that frame its reception. It concludes with a discussion of how scientific legitimacy can be defended.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate in the PI-RADS Era
Authors: Vargas Alberto , Asbach Patrick , Hamm Bernd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOngoing technical innovation in combination with a broad research activity has resulted in increased adoption and widespread utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), first introduced in 2012 and subsequently updated in 2015 and 2019, standardized image acquisition and reporting and facilitated the communication of imaging findings to referring physician teams and is now considered an obligatory key element in prostate MRI. This has had a tremendous impact on the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected prostate cancer. Indications for MRI have been incorporated in multiple prostate cancer guidelines (e.g., NICE, AUA, EAU, German S3-Guideline), and in turn imaging-based targeted prostate biopsy has markedly increased. Referring physicians not only heavily rely on accurate interpretation of MRI of the prostate but actively seek high-quality MRI scans for their daily practice because prostate MRI has direct impact on their cancer detection rate. Furthermore, a paradigm shift is taking place in the prostate cancer community regarding the care of low-risk prostate cancer patients, where active surveillance (AS) is increasingly favored over definitive therapy. Prostate MRI plays an important role in AS not only during the initial assessment to determine eligibility but also over the course of follow-up of the disease.
Small Bowel Disease: An Approach to Optimise Imaging Technique and Interpretation
Authors: Tolan Damian J. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmall bowel imaging presents a challenge from the variety of clinical presentations and types of disease affecting a long organ. Emergency presentation most often involves suspicion of bowel obstruction, unexplained acute abdominal pain with or without signs of sepsis and overt obscure GI bleeding. Conversely non-emergency referrals relate to non-specific constitutional symptoms including weight loss, abdominal patient, and altered bowel habit suggesting malignancy or inflammatory bowel disease, while iron deficiency anaemia after negative colonoscopy and endoscopy indicates occult obscure GI bleeding. CT is the commonest and best-established method of evaluation, except in the setting of known inflammatory bowel disease where MRI or ultrasound are advantageous because they avoid radiation.The CT protocol must be tailored to the clinical situation. Oral preparation is avoided for acute imaging, with the main focus around prompt contrast enhanced scanning: acute obscure bleeding should include non-contrast, arterial and portal venous phases, while obstruction and acute abdominal pain needs portal venous phase assessment. Pre-contrast imaging allows assessment of intramural haemorrhage where there is prior clinical concern for intestinal ischaemia. Conversely non-urgent assessment allows oral luminal preparation with a neutral contrast such as polyethylene glycol or mannitol and enteric or portal venous phase contrast assessment depending on the indication.
Imaging Infectious Disease of the Abdomen (Including COVID-19)
Authors: Rai Rubal , Singh Ramandeep , Hahn Peter F. , Kambadakone Avinash , Gore Richard M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbdominal infections can prolong hospital stays and lead to high morbidity and mortality. In patients with pre-existing critical illness or other conditions such as cancer and immunosuppression, early diagnosis of abdominal infections can be challenging and are important considerations to prevent life-threatening sepsis and complications. The constellation of predisposing host factors, infectious agents, and site of involvement can lead to a variety of clinical and imaging manifestations. Based on organ system involvement, diverse imaging techniques can be utilized ranging from plain films to cross-sectional and advanced imaging modalities. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss uncommon and common etiologies and imaging manifestations of infections in the abdomen and pelvis with emphasis on the radiological features considering the relevant clinical background and risk factors.
Congenital and Acquired Pathologies of the Pediatric Urogenital Tract
Authors: Sorantin Erich , Grattan-Smith Damien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of imaging in children with congenital and acquired abnormalities of the genitourinary system is to increase the quality of care by establishing an accurate diagnosis and guiding the child’s management. Pediatric urological conditions are diverse with many different approaches to imaging and management. We will present a concise overview of the most important and common congenital and acquired disorders of the pediatric urogenital tract.
Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Schima Wolfgang , Koh Dow-Mu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContrast-enhanced multi-phasic MDCT is the most important liver imaging technique in many institutions, when a focal lesion is suspected at ultrasound. Lesion characterization is based on size, shape, contour, and assessment of contrast enhancement pattern. If a lesion shows peripheral and nodular enhancement, with the density of enhancing portions similar to the vascular pool, a hemangioma can be confidently diagnosed. There are many different arterial-phase hypervascular lesions, include FNH, adenoma, HCC, and metastases from NET, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and breast cancer. Lesion characterization in general, HCC is considered in a setting of cirrhosis or chronic liver disease.An MR examination of the liver routinely includes unenhanced T1-weighted GRE DIXON, T2-weighted TSE fatsat, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as well as dynamic contrast-enhanced pulse sequences. DWI’s main clinical benefit is the detection of focal liver lesions, which may be missed on conventional and contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. Liver-specific MR contrast agents have been shown to increase the detection of liver metastases, improve the characterization of FNH and adenoma, as well as the characterization of equivocal lesions in cirrhosis.
Die sozial-ökologische Transformation wird auch ein Demokratisierungsprozess sein oder scheitern. Eine Einleitung
Authors: Legrand Jupp , Linden Benedikt , Arlt Hans-Jürgen 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach der Zukunft der gesellschaftlichen Arbeit stellt sich achtsamen Beobachter:innen in der multiplen Krisenkonstellation am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts so dringlich und grundsätzlich, dass es verwundert, wie groß die öffentliche Bereitschaft zu sein scheint, sie auf der Agenda nachrangig einzuordnen und sich mit Hoffnungen auf Künstliche Intelligenz, algorithmische Antworten und Ausflüge ins Universum zu beruhigen. Ins Auge zu fassen gilt es das „magische Dreieck“ aus Arbeit, Zivilgesellschaft und Politik, innerhalb dessen gesellschaftliche Evolution ihren Weg findet. Die Arbeit und die sozialen sowie ökonomischen Formen, in welchen sie organisiert wird, die Zivilgesellschaft und die Art und Weise, in der sie das Persönliche, das Familiäre und das Allgemeine zueinander in Beziehung setzt, die Politik und ihre Fähigkeit, über kollektive Verbindlichkeiten zu entscheiden – dass diese Drei über alle Divergenzen und Kontroversen hinaus eine demokratisch-emanzipatorische Grundrichtung eint, darauf käme es an.
Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt?
Authors: Allmendinger Jutta , Schroeder Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Arrangements der Plattformökonomie stehen für eine weitreichende Transformation, an deren Ende sich das rechtliche und soziale Band der Erwerbsarbeit auflöst. Solange die Plattformarbeit eher ein Randphänomen bleibt, wird die regulierte Arbeitsgesellschaft nicht grundlegend infrage gestellt. Entwickelt sich dieses Phänomen aber in der heutigen Form ungezügelt weiter, werden unsere Prinzipien des Sozialversicherungsstaats bedroht. Die neuen Konstellationen von Beschäftigung, Managementstrategien und Interessenvertretung führen dann zu Veränderungen, die das etablierte Akteurs- und Institutionengefüge sprengen und sich herkömmlichen sozialpartnerschaftlichen Aushandlungsformen und politischer Regulierung entziehen. Eine Arbeitspolitik der Souveränität braucht Antworten, die den Kontext der Akteure und Institutionen stärkt. Davon wird es abhängen, ob die Freiheitspotenziale erschlossen werden können. Dafür gibt es Ansätze, wie die bald weltweit verortete Initiative von Fairwork zeigt.
Leben, lieben, kämpfen – in einem anderen Land
Authors: Ayata Imran 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Resilienz und die widerständigen Strategien der Migrantinnen und Migranten gegenüber institutionellem und alltäglichem Rassismus sowie ökonomischer und sozialer Ausgrenzung verdienen viel größere Anerkennung. Es ist erstaunlich, wie schwer Deutschland sich als Land tut, in Zeiten der Globalisierung und Digitalisierung zukunftsweisende Antworten auf Fragen zu finden, die bleiben werden. Es bedarf eines Perspektivwechsels, der darin besteht, Einwanderung und Migration als nichts Temporäres oder Vergängliches, sondern als gesellschaftliche Normalität zu begreifen. Denn das Jahrhundert der Migration hat für Almanya erst begonnen. Das Deutschland von morgen wird sehr viel stärker von Einwanderung geprägt sein, als es heute schon ist. Dabei ist es mitnichten die Aufgabe von Menschen mit Einwanderungsgeschichte, Almanya zu bereichern, weder ökonomisch noch kulturell. Ist es nicht merkwürdig, wenn in einer Demokratie dies von manchen eingefordert wird und anderen nicht? Warum müssen überhaupt Migrantinnen und Migranten produktiv und erfolgreich sein, um ohne Wenn und Aber dazuzugehören?
The η-secretase-derived APP fragment ηCTF is localized in Golgi, endosomes and extracellular vesicles and contributes to Aβ production
Authors: Afram Elissa , Lauritzen Inger , Bourgeois Alexandre , El Manaa Wejdane , Duplan Eric , Chami Mounia , Valverde Audrey , Charlotte Bauer , Pardossi-Piquard Raphaëlle , Checler Frederic 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key events contributing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiology. Canonical cleavages by β- and γ-secretases lead to Aβ production which accumulate in amyloid plaques. Recently, the matrix metalloprotease MT5-MMP, referred to as η-secretase, has been identified as a novel APP cleaving enzyme producing a transmembrane fragment, ηCTF that undergoes subsequent cleavages by α- and β-secretases yielding the Aηα and Aηβ peptides, respectively. The functions and contributions of ηCTF and its related fragments to AD pathology are poorly understood. In this study, we designed a novel immunological probe referred to as ηCTF-NTer antibody that specifically interacts with the N-terminal part of ηCTF targeting ηCTF, Aηα, Aηβ but not C99, C83 and Aβ. We examined the fate and localization of ηCTF fragment in various cell models and in mice. We found that overexpressed ηCTF undergoes degradation in the proteasomal and autophagic pathways and accumulates mainly in the Golgi and in endosomes. Moreover, we observed the presence of ηCTF in small extracellular vesicles purified from neuroblastoma cells or from mouse brains expressing ηCTF. Importantly, the expression of ηCTF in fibroblasts devoid on APP leads to Aβ production demonstrating its contribution to the amyloidogenic pathway. Finally, we observed an ηCTF-like immunoreactivity around amyloid plaques and an age-dependent accumulation of ηCTF in the triple-transgenic mouse AD model. Thus, our study suggests that the ηCTF fragment likely contributes to AD pathology by its exosomal spreading and involvement in Aβ production.
An Algebraic and Microlocal Approach to the Stochastic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Bonicelli Alberto , Dappiaggi Claudio , Rinaldi Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn a recent work Dappiaggi (Commun Contemp Math 24:2150075, 2022), a novel framework aimed at studying at a perturbative level a large class of nonlinear, scalar, real, stochastic PDEs has been developed and inspired by the algebraic approach to quantum field theory. The main advantage is the possibility of computing the expectation value and the correlation functions of the underlying solutions accounting for renormalization intrinsically and without resorting to any specific regularization scheme. In this work, we prove that it is possible to extend the range of applicability of this framework to cover also the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in which randomness is codified by an additive, Gaussian, complex white noise.
Toxicity of dose-escalated radiotherapy up to 84 Gy for prostate cancer
Authors: Rosenbrock Johannes , Baues Christian , Kreis Marius , Fouassi Redouane , Celik Eren , Paffenholz Pia , Pfister David , Heidenreich Axel , Marnitz Simone 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The outcome of radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCA) depends on the delivered dose. While the evidence for dose-escalated RT up to 80 gray (Gy) is well established, there have been only few studies examining dose escalation above 80 Gy. We initiated the present study to assess the safety of dose escalation up to 84 Gy.

Methods
In our retrospective analysis, we included patients who received dose-escalated RT for PCA at our institution between 2016 and 2021. We evaluated acute genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity as well as late GU and GI toxicity.

Results
A total of 86 patients could be evaluated, of whom 24 patients had received 80 Gy and 62 patients 84 Gy (35 without pelvic and 27 with pelvic radiotherapy). Regarding acute toxicities, no > grade 2 adverse events occurred. Acute GU/GI toxicity of grade 2 occurred in 12.5%/12.5% of patients treated with 80 Gy, in 25.7%/14.3% of patients treated with 84 Gy to the prostate only, and in 51.9%/12.9% of patients treated with 84 Gy and the pelvis included. Late GU/GI toxicity of grade ≥ 2 occurred in 4.2%/8.3% of patients treated with 80 Gy, in 7.1%/3.6% of patients treated with 84 Gy prostate only, and in 18.2%/0% of patients treated with 84 Gy pelvis included (log-rank test p = 0.358).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that dose-escalated RT for PCA up to 84 Gy is feasible and safe without a significant increase in acute toxicity. Further follow-up is needed to assess late toxicity and survival.
The association between experience of COVID-19-related discrimination and psychological distress among healthcare workers for six national medical research centers in Japan
Authors: Shrestha Rachana Manandhar , Inoue Yosuke , Yamamoto Shohei , Fukunaga Ami , Sampei Makiko , Okubo Ryo , Morisaki Naho , Ohmagari Norio , Funaki Takanori , Ishizuka Kazue , Yamaguchi Koushi , Sasaki Yohei , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Miyama Takeshi , Kojima Masayo , Nakagawa Takeshi , Nishimura Kunihiro , Ogata Soshiro , Umezawa Jun , Tanaka Shiori , Inoue Manami , Konishi Maki , Miyo Kengo , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Discrimination is an important determinant of negative mental health outcomes. This study determined the association between the experience of COVID-19-related discrimination and psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted a health survey among 5703 HCWs of six national medical and research centers in Japan from October 2020 to March 2021. COVID-19-related discrimination was defined either when participants or their family members were badmouthed or when they felt discriminated against in some way. We used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess the presence of severe psychological distress (≥ 13 points). We used logistic regression models to examine the association between discrimination and psychological distress. We also identified factors associated with discrimination.

Results
Of the participants, 484 (8.4%) reported COVID-19-related discrimination and 486 (8.5%) had severe psychological distress. HCWs who were female vs. male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28–1.55), had high vs. low viral exposure (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.81–2.93), and worked for 11 or more hours/day vs. 8 or less hours/day (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.35–1.49) were more likely to have experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. The AOR (95% CI) of severe psychological distress was 1.83 (1.29–2.59) among those who experienced discrimination. In the stratified analysis by sociodemographic and job-related factors, all the interactions did not reach statistical significance (p for interaction > 0.20).

Conclusion
Experience of COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with severe psychological distress among HCWs. During the pandemic, effective measures should be taken to prevent the development of negative mental health outcomes in HCWs who experience discrimination.
Bogomolov–Sommese type vanishing theorem for holomorphic vector bundles equipped with positive singular Hermitian metrics
Authors: Watanabe Yuta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we obtain the Bogomolov–Sommese type vanishing theorem involving multiplier ideal sheaves for big line bundles. We define a dual Nakano semi-positivity of singular Hermitian metrics with$$L^2$$L2-estimates and prove a vanishing theorem which is a generalization of the Bogomolov–Sommese type vanishing theorem to holomorphic vector bundles.