bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of nutraceuticals on immunomodulation against viral infections—A review during COVID‐19 pandemic in Indian scenario
Authors: Nathan Jhansi , Shameera Rabiathul , Ramachandran Arunkumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) originated in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019 is a censorious global emergency after World War II. Research on the coronavirus uncovered essential information that aided in the development of the vaccine, and specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines were later developed and were approved for usage in humans. But then, mutations in the coronavirus gave rise to new variants and questioned the vaccine's efficacy against them. On the other hand, the investigation of traditional medicine was also on its path to find a novel outcome against COVID‐19. On a comparative analysis between India and the United States, India had low death rate and high recovery rate than the latter. The dietary regulation of immunity may be the factor that makes the above difference. The immunity gained from the regular diet of Indian culture nourishes Indian people with essential phytochemicals that support immunity and metabolism. Dietary phytochemicals or nutraceuticals possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties, out of which our concern will be on immune‐boosting phytochemicals from our daily nutritional supplements. In several case studies, dietary substance like lemon, ginger, and spinach was reported in the recovery of COVID‐19 patients. Thus in this review, we discuss coronavirus and its available variants, vaccines, and the effect of nutraceuticals against the coronavirus. Further, we denote that the immunity of the Indian population may be high because of their diet, which adds natural phytochemicals to boost their immunity and metabolism.
Sunitinib suppresses M2 polarization of macrophages in tumor microenvironment to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Kong Yun , Guo Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Sunitinib (Sun) in suppressing M2 polarization of macrophages in tumor microenvironment (TME). IL‐4 was applied to induce the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells, followed by treatment with Sun at 50 and 100 nM. Flow cytometry (FCM) was conducted to detect the proportion of F4/80 + CD206 + cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the levels of IL‐10, Arg‐1 and VEGF. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was carried out to detect the expression of CD206 and Arg‐1. Besides, western‐Blot (WB) assay was performed to measure the levels of p‐JAK1 and p‐STAT6 proteins. After polarization, the macrophage culture medium was employed to culture hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hca‐F cells. Thereafter, Transwell assays were conducted to examine cell invasion and migration, whereas plate clone formation assay was carried out to detect the clone forming capacity. In further experiments, cells were treated with the STAT6 inhibitor, or STAT6 inhibitor + Sun. Then, the polarization levels of RAW264.7 cells were detected. Moreover, this study established the xenograft tumor mouse model. Later, CD206 and Ki67 expression, IL‐10, Arg‐1 and VEGF expression levels in tissues, and p‐JAK1 and p‐STAT6 protein levels were detected by histochemical staining. Sun suppressed the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells. Compared with IL‐4 treatment, the proportion of F4/80 + CD206 + cells decreased. Meanwhile, the levels of IL‐10, Arg‐1 and VEGF were downregulated, and the phosphorylation level of JAK1‐STAT6 signaling was suppressed. After being cocultured with Hca‐F, the malignant behaviors of HCC cells were suppressed after Sun treatment. Similarly, STAT6 inhibitor treatment suppressed the M2 polarization, while the combined application of Sun did not further restrain the polarization level. In the mouse model, Sun suppressed the expression of CD206 and Ki67, simultaneously inhibiting the polarization of JAK1‐STAT6 signaling. Sunitinib can suppress the M2 polarization of macrophages to exert the anti‐HCC effect, which is its another anticancer mechanism
Understanding search autocompletes from the perspectives of English and Spanish speakers during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Valera Pamela , Carmona David , Singh Vivek , Malarkey Sarah , Baquerizo Humberto , Smith Nadia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to explore differences in Google search autocompletes between English and Spanish‐speaking users during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Twenty‐nine individuals who were in areas with shelter‐in‐place state orders participated in a virtual focus group meeting to understand the algorithm bias of COVID‐19 Google autocompletes. The three focus group meetings lasted for 90–120 minutes. A codebook was created and transcripts were coded using NVivo qualitative software with a 95% intercoder reliability between two coders. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Among the 29 participants, six self‐identified as White, seven as Black/African American, five as American Indian or Alaska Native, four as Asian Indian, and three as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. In terms of ethnicity, 21 participants identified as Hispanic/Latino. The themes that emerged from the study were: (1) autocompletes evoked fear and stress; (2) skepticism and hesitation towards autocomplete search; (3) familiarity with COVID‐19 information impacts outlook on autocomplete search; (4) autocompletes can promote preselection of searches; and (5) lesser choice of autocomplete results for Spanish‐speaking searchers. Spanish speakers expressed concerns and hesitation due to social factors and lack of information about COVID‐19.
Discharge in the a.m.: A randomized controlled trial of physician rounding styles to improve hospital throughput and length of stay
Authors: Burden Marisha , Keniston Angela , Gundareddy Venkat P. , Kauffman Regina , Keach Joseph W. , McBeth Lauren , Raffel Katie E. , Rice John D. , Washburn Catherine , Kisuule Flora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo relieve hospital capacity strain, hospitals often encourage clinicians to prioritize early morning discharges which may have unintended consequences.ObjectiveWe aimed to test the effects of hospitalist physicians prioritizing discharging patients first compared to usual rounding style.Design, Setting and Participants: Prospective, multi‐center randomized controlled trial. Three large academic hospitals. Participants were Hospital Medicine attending‐level physicians and patients the physicians cared for during the study who were at least 18 years of age, admitted to a Medicine service, and assigned by standard practice to a hospitalist team.Intervention: Physicians were randomized to: (1) prioritizing discharging patients first as care allowed or (2) usual practice. Main Outcome and Measures: Main outcome measure was discharge order time. Secondary outcomes were actual discharge time, length of stay (LOS), and order times for procedures, consults, and imaging.ResultsFrom February 9, 2021, to July 31, 2021, 4437 patients were discharged by 59 physicians randomized to prioritize discharging patients first or round per usual practice. In primary adjusted analyses (intention‐to‐treat), findings showed no significant difference for discharge order time (13:03 ± 2 h:31 min vs. 13:11 ± 2 h:33 min, p = .11) or discharge time (15:22 ± 2 h:50 min vs. 15:21 ± 2 h:50 min, p = .45), for physicians randomized to prioritize discharging patients first compared to physicians using usual rounding style, respectively, and there was no significant change in LOS or on order times of other physician orders.ConclusionsPrioritizing discharging patients first did not result in significantly earlier discharges or reduced LOS.
Implementable Deep Learning for Multi‐sequence Proton MRI Lung Segmentation: A Multi‐center, Multi‐vendor, and Multi‐disease Study
Authors: Astley Joshua R. , Biancardi Alberto M. , Hughes Paul J. C. , Marshall Helen , Collier Guilhem J. , Chan Ho‐Fung , Saunders Laura C. , Smith Laurie J. , Brook Martin L. , Thompson Roger , Rowland‐Jones Sarah , Skeoch Sarah , Bianchi Stephen M. , Hatton Matthew Q. , Rahman Najib M. , Ho Ling‐Pei , Brightling Chris E. , Wain Louise V. , Singapuri Amisha , Evans Rachael A. , Moss Alastair J. , McCann Gerry P. , Neubauer Stefan , Raman Betty ,   C‐MORE/PHOSP‐COVID Collaborative Group, Wild Jim M. , Tahir Bilal A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundRecently, deep learning via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has largely superseded conventional methods for proton (1H)‐MRI lung segmentation. However, previous deep learning studies have utilized single‐center data and limited acquisition parameters.PurposeDevelop a generalizable CNN for lung segmentation in 1H‐MRI, robust to pathology, acquisition protocol, vendor, and center.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 809 1H‐MRI scans from 258 participants with various pulmonary pathologies (median age (range): 57 (6–85); 42% females) and 31 healthy participants (median age (range): 34 (23–76); 34% females) that were split into training (593 scans (74%); 157 participants (55%)), testing (50 scans (6%); 50 participants (17%)) and external validation (164 scans (20%); 82 participants (28%)) sets.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T and 3‐T/3D spoiled‐gradient recalled and ultrashort echo‐time 1H‐MRI.Assessment2D and 3D CNNs, trained on single‐center, multi‐sequence data, and the conventional spatial fuzzy c‐means (SFCM) method were compared to manually delineated expert segmentations. Each method was validated on external data originating from several centers. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), average boundary Hausdorff distance (Average HD), and relative error (XOR) metrics to assess segmentation performance.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis tests assessed significances of differences between acquisitions in the testing set. Friedman tests with post hoc multiple comparisons assessed differences between the 2D CNN, 3D CNN, and SFCM. Bland–Altman analyses assessed agreement with manually derived lung volumes. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe 3D CNN significantly outperformed its 2D analog and SFCM, yielding a median (range) DSC of 0.961 (0.880–0.987), Average HD of 1.63 mm (0.65–5.45) and XOR of 0.079 (0.025–0.240) on the testing set and a DSC of 0.973 (0.866–0.987), Average HD of 1.11 mm (0.47–8.13) and XOR of 0.054 (0.026–0.255) on external validation data.Data ConclusionThe 3D CNN generated accurate 1H‐MRI lung segmentations on a heterogenous dataset, demonstrating robustness to disease pathology, sequence, vendor, and center.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 1.
Progression of experimental peri‐implantitis in guided bone regeneration and pristine bone: A preclinical in vivo study
Authors: Ko Young‐Chang , Lee Jungwon , Lee Dongseob , Seol Yang‐Jo , Koo Ki‐Tae , Lee Yong‐Moo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is the most widely used technique for overcoming the deficiency of alveolar bone. However, the progression of peri‐implantitis in regenerative and pristine bone sites has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to compare experimental peri‐implantitis around implants placed in pristine bone and GBR sites.MethodsBilateral mandibular first molars were extracted from six beagle dogs, and standardized horizontal ridge defect was simultaneously created at predetermined site in unilateral mandible. After 8 weeks, guided bone regeneration procedure was conducted at the defect site. After 16 weeks, implants (ϕ 3.6×8.0 mm) were placed at both extracted sites. This study included 3 months of active breakdown and another 3 months of spontaneous progression period. Radiographs were taken at each phase and specimens were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic analysis.ResultsMarginal bone loss around implant did not show the significant differences between pristine bone and GBR sites during spontaneous progression period. In immunohistochemical analysis, inflammatory and immune‐related cells were predominantly detected in peri‐implantitis‒affected area rather than unaffected area. In the polarized light microscopic analysis, substantial reductions in the amount and thickness of collagen fibers were observed in peri‐implantitis‒affected area compared with unaffected tissues. However, there were no significant differences in histological, immunohistochemical, polarized light microscopic outcomes between pristine bone and GBR sites.ConclusionPrevious hard tissue grafting at the implant sites did not affect experimental peri‐implantitis and exhibited similar radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and polarized light microscopic outcomes compared with those of pristine bone sites.
Survival and establishment of captive‐reared and translocated giant gartersnakes after release
Authors: Nguyen Allison M. , Todd Brian D. , Halstead Brian J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany imperiled species face increasing extinction risk that requires interventional management like translocation or captive rearing. The use of translocations to successfully restore or create populations requires that animals survive at recipient sites, information that is often lacking for imperiled species and that can be risky to acquire if not obtained before a species has dwindled in number. The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas), a semiaquatic snake endemic to the Central Valley in California, USA, has declined after losing >90% of its historical habitat and may benefit from successful translocations to protected habitat. We released adult and captive‐reared juvenile snakes from 2 donor sites into a recently restored wetland in 2019 and 2020 and compared their survival, movement, and activity using radio‐telemetry through 2021. We monitored juvenile survival for 2 years in captivity after birth and then estimated post‐release survival at the recipient site using radio‐telemetry. Just 8% of translocated adult snakes survived >801 days (95% CI = 1–64%) compared with 39% of resident snakes at the donor sites surviving >1,154 days (95% CI = 23–68%). This equated to annualized survival rates of translocated adults ( = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.82) that were roughly half that of resident snakes ( = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.63–0.89). Translocation was negatively correlated with survival, but movement and activity received little support in models. Seventy‐six percent of juvenile snakes survived captivity and, once released, juvenile survival was 60% (95% CI = 38–94%) for the 4‐month monitoring period before winter. It is unclear why survival of translocated adult snakes was lower than that of resident snakes, but there was little evidence for differences in behavior (e.g., increased surface activity, average distance moved, emigration from the translocation site) that are commonly cited causes of mortality in other translocation studies. Our results suggest that, in the absence of a clear understanding as to what contributes to adult survival after release to a new site, future work using captive‐rearing and juvenile translocation may be more promising for establishing and recovering populations than just translocating adults given the high survival of juveniles.
Ultrafast Laser Writing in Different Types of Silica Glass
Authors: Lei Yuhao , Wang Huijun , Skuja Linards , Kühn Bodo , Franz Bernhard , Svirko Yuri , Kazansky Peter. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is demonstrated that ultrafast laser writing in silica glass depends on the grade of silica glass associated with the method of its manufacture. Moreover, laser‐written modifications, in particular birefringent modifications, reveal a dependence on the geometry of writing, that is, the modification strength of voxels is smaller than that of single line structures and multi‐line scanned areas, which can be explained by free carrier diffusion and reduced electric field in scanning writing. The retardance of scanned birefringent region produced in the regime of anisotropic nanopores formation in silica glass manufactured by vapor axial deposition (VAD) is about five times higher than that in an electrically fused sample at the same laser writing parameters, while the difference in retardance of a nanograting based modification in synthetic and fused silica is only about 10%. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the higher concentration of oxygen deficient centers in the electrically fused silica glass, which can confine self‐trapped holes and prevent the nanopores formation. Improvement of high transmission optical elements is demonstrated in the VAD sample, and low cost multiplexed optical data storage with higher capacity and readout accuracy is realized in the electrically fused silica glass.
Wideband common‐mode suppression filter using defected corrugated reference plane structures
Authors: Yu Chung‐Ke , Lin Ding‐Bing , Lin Hsin‐Piao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article describes a broadband common‐mode filter for suppressing common‐mode (CM) noise in high‐speed differential signals. The filter used a novel defected corrugated reference plane (DCRP) structure. It used structure changes to impact the characteristic impedances in the CM current return path, which caused many approach transmission zeros. The main purpose generated a larger CM noise stopband effect. The experimental results showed that the frequency domain can reduce the CM noise over 9.29 dB from 3.67 to 17.03 GHz. The fractional bandwidth was 129%. The CM noise can be improved by 68.2%. The insertion loss in differential mode (DM) was kept at less than −1.611 dB from DC to 20 GHz with good signal integrity. The eye diagram can support a 16 Gb/s transmission rate in the time domain. The DCRP structure filter supports high‐speed computer buses up to PCI Express 4.0, SATA Express, HDMI 1.4, and USB 3.2, which meet current computer products' needs.
Evidence‐Based Medicine in Otolaryngology Part 14: Falsehood and Bias
Authors: Mallur Pavan , Ikeda Allison , Patel Anju , Raol Nikhila , Ahanotu Adaobi , Suarez‐Goris Dany , Randolph Gregory W. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveFalsehood and bias can have tangible effects, whether related to the "hoax" of Corona virus disease/COVID‐19 or the impact of personal protective equipment in city‐wide news. The spread of false information requires the diversion of time and resources into rebolstering the truth. Our objective is thus to elucidate types of bias that may influence our daily work, along with ways to mitigate them.Data SourcesPublications are included which delineate specific aspects of bias or address how to preempt, mitigate, or correct bias, whether conscious or unconscious.Review MethodsWe discuss: (1) the background and rationale for proactively considering potential sources of bias, (2) relevant definitions and concepts, (3) potential means to limit effects of inaccurate data sources, and (4) evolving frontiers in the management of bias. In doing so, we review epidemiological concepts and susceptibility to bias within study designs, including database studies, observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses. We additionally discuss concepts such as the difference between disinformation and misinformation, differential or nondifferential misclassification, bias toward a null result, and unconscious bias, among others.ConclusionWe have the means to mitigate sources of potential bias in database studies, observational studies, RCTs, and systematic reviews, beginning with education and awareness.Implications for PracticeFalse information may spread faster than true information, so it is beneficial to understand potential sources of falsehood we face, in order to safeguard our daily impressions and decisions. Awareness of potential sources of falsehood and bias forms the foundation for accuracy in our everyday work.
Clinical Characteristics of the Cervical Inlet Patch: A Case Series
Authors: De La Chapa Julian S. , Harryman Christopher J. , McGarey Patrick O. , Daniero James J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize the symptoms and outcomes of patients with a symptomatic cervical inlet patch (CIP).Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary care laryngology clinic in Charlottesville, Virginia.MethodsA retrospective chart review of the patient's demographics, comorbidities, prior workup, interventions, and response to treatment was performed. All patients received flexible nasolaryngoscopy and barium swallow study. The analysis was descriptive.ResultsEight patients (6 female) were followed for the management of symptoms related to CIP. The mean age at presentation to our clinic was 64.9 (standard deviation = 15.7). Five out of 8 patients presented with a chief complaint of dysphagia, and the remaining 3 with chronic coughs. Five out of 8 patients demonstrated findings of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) including vocal fold edema, mucosal erythema, or postcricoid edema. Swallow study demonstrated hiatal hernia in 3 of 8 patients, and cricopharyngeal (CP) dysfunction (CP hypertrophy, CP bar, and Zenker's diverticulum) in 3 of 8 patients. One patient presented with a history of Barrett's esophagus. Treatment included increased acid suppression therapy and management of coexisting esophageal pathologies. Ablative procedures were performed in 5 out of 8 cases, with 2 patients requiring repeat procedures. All patients experience subjective symptom improvement.ConclusionCIP tends to present in complex patients with multifactorial dysphagia, with the most common symptoms being dysphagia and cough. Clinical features of CIP overlap with other more common pathologies encountered by otolaryngologists including LPR and CP dysfunction, and future prospective studies in larger populations should seek to clarify these associations.
Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers
Authors: Soo Joanne , Easwaran Meena , Erickson‐DiRenzo Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe use and effects of electronic (e)‐cigarettes (e‐cigs) are particularly relevant for otolaryngology providers as tobacco plays a major role in benign and malignant diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract. This review aims to (1) summarize the recent policies regarding e‐cigs and important patterns of use and (2) serve as a comprehensive resource for clinical providers on the known biologic and clinical effects of e‐cigs on the upper aerodigestive tract.Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE.Review MethodsWe conducted a narrative review on (1) general information on e‐cig use and informative findings in the lower respiratory system and a comprehensive review on (2) the effects of e‐cigs on cell and animal models and the clinical implications of these products on human health as is relevant to otolaryngology.ConclusionsAlthough e‐cigs are likely less harmful than conventional cigarettes, preliminary research on e‐cigs suggest several deleterious effects including in the upper aerodigestive tract. Due to this, there has been increased interest in restricting e‐cig usage, particularly among the adolescent population, and caution in recommending e‐cigs to current smokers.Implications for PracticeChronic e‐cig use is likely to have clinical implications. It is critical for otolaryngology providers to be aware of the rapidly changing regulations and use patterns regarding e‐cigs and how e‐cigs influence human health, particularly with regards to the upper aerodigestive tract, to accurately council patients regarding potential risks and benefits of use.