bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes on weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery: Experience from 5‐year follow‐up of Michigan Bariatric Surgery Cohort
Authors: Luo Yingying , Haddad Raad A. , Ontan Mehmet Selman , Eldin Abdel Wahab Jalal , Abu‐Rumaileh Mohammed , Yosef Matheos , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Varban Oliver , Kraftson Andrew , Esfandiari Nazanene H. , Oral Elif A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveFor patients with obesity and diabetes, bariatric surgery can lead to the remission of both diseases. However, the possible impact of diabetes on the magnitude of weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery has not been precisely quantified.Research Design and MethodsData from Michigan Bariatric Surgery Cohort (MI‐BASiC) was extracted to examine the effect of baseline diabetes on weight loss outcomes. Consecutive patients older than 18 years of age undergoing gastric bypass (GB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for obesity at University of Michigan between January 2008 and November 2013 were included. Repeated measures analysis was used to determine if diabetes was a predictor of weight loss outcomes over 5 years postsurgery.ResultsOut of the 714 included patients, 380 patients underwent GB [mean BMI 47.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2, diabetes 149 (39.2%)] and 334 SG [mean BMI 49.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2, diabetes 108 (32.3%)]. Multivariable repeated measures analysis showed, after adjusting for covariates, that individuals with diabetes had a significantly lower percentage of total (p = .0023) and excess weight loss (p = .0212) compared to individuals without diabetes.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that patients with diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery would experience less weight loss than patients without diabetes.
Prevention and management of peri‐implant disease
Authors: Sun Teresa Chanting , Chen Chun‐Jung , Gallucci German O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs more patients choose dental implants as their primary treatment option to restore edentulous ridges or to replace compromised dentition, preventive strategies for peri‐implant diseases and complications have become an important topic.PurposeThe aim of the review article is to summarize the current available evidence on the potential risk factors/indicators for peri‐implant disease development and then focus on the preventive strategies for peri‐implant diseases and conditions.Materials and MethodsAfter reviewing the diagnostic criteria and the etiology of peri‐implant diseases and conditions, evidence on the possible associated risk factors/indicators for peri‐implant diseases were searched and identified. Recent studies were also surveyed to explore the preventive measures for peri‐implant diseases.ResultsThe possible associated risk factors of peri‐implant diseases can be divided into the following categories: patient‐specific factors, implant‐specific factors, and long‐term factors. Patient‐specific factors such as history of periodontitis and smoking have been conclusively associated with peri‐implant diseases, whereas findings on others, such as diabetes and genetic factors, remain inconclusive. It has been suggested that both implant‐specific factors, such as implant position, soft tissue characteristics, and the type of connection used, and long‐term factors, such as poor plaque control and a lack of maintenance program, have a strong impact on maintaining the health of a dental implant. Assessment tool for evaluating the risk factors can be a potential preventive measure for peri‐implant disease prediction, and it is needed to be properly validated.ConclusionProper maintenance program for early intervention to control peri‐implant diseases at the initial stage and pretreatment assessment of the potential risk factors is the best strategy to prevent implant diseases.
Induced innovation and spillover effects of US and Canadian research expenditures in Canadian agriculture
Authors: Tian Qingsong , Cechura Lukas , Clark J. Stephen , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines the induced innovation hypothesis (IIH) from 1958 to 2015 for two Canadian agriculture regions: Central Canada (the provinces of Ontario and Quebec) and Western Canada (the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba). There is broadly consistent support for the IIH for Canadian agriculture, especially for Western Canadian agriculture. In addition, there is support for the notion that US, as well as Canadian, research expenditures are important to explain changes in the input ratio in Canadian agriculture in the long run. This indicates the existence of spillover effects from US agricultural research expenditures to Canadian agriculture.
Constitutively activated AMPKα1 protects against skeletal aging in mice by promoting bone‐derived IGF‐1 secretion
Authors: Yang Yiqi , Yuan Kai , Liu Yihao , Wang Qishan , Lin Yixuan , Yang Shengbing , Huang Kai , Kan Tianyou , Zhang Yuxin , Xu Mingming , Yu Zhifeng , Fan Qiming , Wang Yugang , Li Hanjun , Tang Tingting 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSenile osteoporosis is characterized by age‐related bone loss and bone microarchitecture deterioration. However, little is known to date about the mechanism that maintains bone homeostasis during aging. In this study, we identify adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα1) as a critical factor regulating the senescence and lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A phospho‐mutant mouse model shows that constitutive AMPKα1 activation prevents age‐related bone loss and promoted MSC osteogenic commitment with increased bone‐derived insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) secretion. Mechanistically, upregulation of IGF‐1 signalling by AMPKα1 depends on cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB)‐mediated transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, the essential role of the AMPKα1/IGF‐1/CREB axis in promoting aged MSC osteogenic potential is confirmed using three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems. Taken together, these results can provide mechanistic insight into the protective effect of AMPKα1 against skeletal aging by promoting bone‐derived IGF‐1 secretion.
Conserving species' evolutionary potential and history: Opportunities under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Robuchon Marine , da Silva Jessica , Dubois Grégoire , Gumbs Rikki , Hoban Sean , Laikre Linda , Owen Nisha R. , Perino Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic diversity (GD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) respectively represent species' evolutionary potential and history, and support most of the biodiversity benefits to humanity. Yet, these two biodiversity facets have been overlooked in previous biodiversity policies. As the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) in December 2022, we analyze how GD and PD are considered in this new framework and discuss how their incorporation in the GBF could strengthen their conservation. Although the inclusion of certain indicators could be elevated, both GD and PD are an integral part of the recently adopted GBF. This represents a significant improvement compared to the CBD strategic plan 2011–2020 and an unprecedented opportunity to bring species' evolutionary potential and history to the core of public biodiversity policies. We urge the scientific community to leverage this opportunity to actually improve the conservation of species' evolutionary potential and history.
Punjabi masculinities and transnational spaces: Performance, choice and othering
Authors: Kaur Navjotpal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to comprehensively understand student‐migrant men's identities and masculinities in transnational spaces in Canada. Building on existing literature on transnational masculinities, and partly on identity process theory, I focus on upper‐caste Punjabi men who came to Canada as international students. Through in‐depth interviews with 22 men, I explore the significance of landownership back home, caste identity and transnational communication in constituting the hegemonic masculinities in transnational spaces and the ‘othering’ within the Punjabi community faced by young men in Canada. By examining how young men respond to the complexities of source and host situation as well as their hegemonic content, I demonstrate the relational and fluid nature of hegemonic Punjabi masculinities. I conclude that even though the hegemonic ideal for men in transnational spaces remains to be the local rural masculinities based on landownership in Punjab, alternative strategies are put in place when that hegemonic ideal becomes difficult to achieve in transnational spaces or when there is a willing disinclination to achieve it such as in case of men who do not express a desire to return.
Derivation and validation of a risk score to predict acute kidney injury in critically ill cirrhotic patients
Authors: Zheng Luyan , Lin Yushi , Fang Kailu , Wu Jie , Zheng Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill cirrhotic patients with substantial mortality. Given AKI can be prevented through early detection, it is urgent to develop an easy model to identify high‐risk patients.MethodsA total of 1149 decompensated cirrhotic (DC) patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database were enrolled for model development and internal validation. The variables used for analysis mainly included laboratory tests. We first built an ensemble model (random forest, gradient boosting machine, K‐nearest neighbor, and artificial neural network) named DC‐AKI using machine learning methods. Based on the Akaike information criterion, we then constructed a risk score, which was externally validated in 789 DC patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database.ResultsAKI developed in 212 (26%) of 804 patients in the derivation cohort, and 355 (45%) of 789 patients in the external validation cohort. DC‐AKI identified the eight variables most strongly associated with the outcome: serum creatinine, total bilirubin, magnesium, shock index, prothrombin time, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and arterial oxygen saturation. Based on the smallest Akaike information criterion, a six‐variable model was eventually used to construct the scoring system (serum creatinine, total bilirubin, magnesium, shock index, lymphocytes, and arterial oxygen saturation). The scoring system showed good discrimination, with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.805 and 0.772 in two validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe scoring system using routine laboratory data was able to predict the development of AKI in critically ill cirrhotic patients. The utility of this score in clinical care requires further research.
Advanced HIV disease: A review of diagnostic and prophylactic strategies
Authors: Lehman Alice , Ellis Jayne , Nalintya Elizabeth , Bahr Nathan C. , Loyse Angela , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rollout of the World Health Organization's (WHO) ‘test‐and‐treat’ strategy, the proportion of people with HIV (PWH) presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) remains unchanged at approximately 30%. Fifty percent of persons with AHD report prior engagement to care. ART failure and insufficient retention in HIV care are major causes of AHD. People living with AHD are at high risk for opportunistic infections and death. In 2017, the WHO published guidelines for the management of AHD that included a comprehensive package of care for screening and prophylaxis of major opportunistic infections (OIs). In the interim, ART regimens have evolved: integrase inhibitors are first‐line therapy globally, and the diagnostic landscape is evolving. The objective of this review is to highlight novel point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics and treatment strategies that can facilitate OI screening and prophylaxis for persons with AHD.MethodsWe reviewed the WHO guidelines for recommendations for persons with AHD. We summarized the scientific literature on current and emerging diagnostics, along with emerging treatment strategies for persons with AHD. We also highlight the key research and implementation gaps together with potential solutions.ResultsWhile POC CD4 testing is being rolled out in order to identify persons with AHD, this alone is insufficient; implementation of the Visitect CD4 platform has been challenging given operational and test interpretation issues. Numerous non‐sputum POC TB diagnostics are being evaluated, many with limited sensitivity. Though imperfect, these tests are designed to provide rapid results (within hours) and are relatively affordable for resource‐poor settings. While novel POC diagnostics are being developed for cryptococcal infection, histoplasmosis and talaromycosis, implementation science studies are urgently needed to understand the clinical benefit of these tests in the routine care.ConclusionsDespite progress with HIV treatment and prevention, a persistent 20%–30% of PWH present to care with AHD. Unfortunately, these persons with AHD continue to carry the burden of HIV‐related morbidity and mortality. Investment in the development of additional POC or near‐bedside CD4 platforms is urgently needed. Implementation of POC diagnostics theoretically could improve HIV retention in care and thereby reduce mortality by overcoming delays in laboratory testing and providing patients and healthcare workers with timely same‐day results. However, in real‐world scenarios, people with AHD have multiple comorbidities and imperfect follow‐up. Pragmatic clinical trials are needed to understand whether these POC diagnostics can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving clinical outcomes such as HIV retention in care.
Early Paleozoic oceanic slab subduction in South China: Evidence from adakite‐like granodiorite and high‐Mg diorite from Puyang pluton in the Wuyi orogenic belt
Authors: Zhou Xiaodong , Nie Tongchun , Han Zhiding , Zhao Xilin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of Caledonian orogeny in South China is still controversial. The main argument focuses on the issue that whether there existed oceanic subduction. To answer this question, the complex Puyang pluton in the central part of Wuyi orogenic belt was selected for zircon U–Pb dating, in‐situ Lu–Hf isotopic analysis and geochemical testing. The Puyang pluton is mainly composed of granodiorite and diorite. The results of geochronology indicate that the granodiorite and diorite emplaced at 450 ± 3.9 Ma and 443 ± 4.0 Ma. Their emplacement time were well corresponding to the subduction stage of the Yunkai orogeny in the southwestern part of Cathaysia block during the Early Paleozoic (460–440 Ma). The Puyang adakite‐like granodiorite shows enrichments in Sr, but depletions in Y and Yb contents, high in Na2O, K2O and Al2O3, with εHf(t) values range from −10.5 to −7.4 (mean of −9.0) and two‐stage Hf model ages range from 1.91 to 2.10 Ga. These characteristics indicate that the magmas were generated by partial melting of subducted oceanic crust mixed with melts from the above wedgy mantle peridotite. The Puyang high‐Mg diorite shows enrichments in Sr and Ba, depletions in Rb, Y and Yb contents, and strongly high in MgO and Al2O3 contents, with εHf(t) values of −2.9 to 0 (mean of −1.4) and two‐stage Hf model ages of 1.43 to 1.61 Ga. These indicate that the magmas were mainly generated by partial melting of the wedgy mantle peridotite, mixed by adakitic melts from subducted oceanic slab. Comprehensive analysis shows that Puyang adakite‐like granodiorite and high‐Mg diorite were formed in fore‐arc setting, where the mantle and crustal magmas mixed during the oceanic subduction initiation period. By extension, this study offered important evidences to support the point that the Caledonian orogeny in South China was related to oceanic subduction which initiated prior to ~450 Ma.
Vulnerability and resilience of the tourism system in Vietnam during pandemic outbreaks
Authors: Huynh Van Da , Duong Hai Long , Nguyen Trong Nhan , Truong Thi Kim Thuy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented the global tourism industry with an unprecedented crisis. Despite initial resistance to the outbreak, tourism‐dependent economies have gradually adapted to the ongoing crisis in a more resilient manner. However, little is known about how local tourism systems can adapt and recover under the ongoing pressure of pandemic waves, especially for the most vulnerable sectors. As a result, this study seeks to explore how a local tourism system and its vulnerable sectors can rebuild their resilience and adapt to the pressure of the COVID‐19 pandemic. To investigate this phenomenon, a mixed method approach was employed, using questionnaires, in‐depth interviews and document analysis. The research findings indicate that the pandemic had a widespread impact on the local tourism system, with the accommodation sector being the most vulnerable compared to other business categories. However, adaptive transformation and self‐adjusting organization rebuilding were identified as key determinants for increasing survival and recovery capability, with proactive efforts to rebound business activities being critical for the reinforcement of resilience and recovery during and post‐pandemic waves. Theoretically, this study contributes to disaster crisis management and destination recovery and provides practical implications for local tourism systems to deal with ongoing pandemic impacts in a more adaptive and resilient manner.
Structural forces shape xenophobia in South Africa: Looking beyond the human agent
Authors: Tewolde Amanuel Isak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn examining xenophobia in South Africa, scholars have advanced various theoretical explanations to make sense of its causes and nature. Within this paper, I focus on the ways in which multiple structural arrangements create conditions for the manifestation of xenophobia in post‐apartheid South Africa. By drawing on Louis Althusser's notion of ‘interpellation’ and Judith Butler's concept of ‘the subject,’ I disconnect xenophobia in South Africa from the conscious and autonomous human agent and locate it within larger structural frameworks, namely historical residues of othering, neo‐liberal political economy, the exclusionary state and negative media representations of refugees and migrants. I argue that voluntary, conscious attitudes do not primarily lead to violence or other forms of exclusion as some may argue; instead, a constellation of systemic/structural forces shape and inform xenophobic attitudes and violence. This paper asks scholars to look more deeply into the relationship between exclusion/violence and structural constraints than perhaps they have.
Edaravone promotes viability of random skin flaps via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway‐mediated enhancement of autophagy
Authors: Bi Minglei , Qin Yonghong , Zhao Liangtao , Zhang Xuanfen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRandom skin flap transplantation is a commonly used technique. However, ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion injury always impair its therapeutic effectiveness through acclerating oxidative stress, apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis. To survive, cells rely on mediating autophagy, DNA repair, immunoregulation to resist these cellular injuries. Thus, mediating autophagy may affect the survival of random skin flaps. The edaravone (EDA), a oxygen radicals scavenger, also possesses autophagy mediator potential, we investigated the effects of EDA on skin flap survival and its autophagy‐related mechanisms. In vivo, mice were administered EDA or saline intraperitoneally for 7 days postoperatively. We found that EDA ameliorated the viability of random skin flaps, promoted autophagy and angiogenesis, attenuated apoptosis and oxidative stress. In vitro, mouse umbilical vascular endothelial cells (MUVECs) were administered EDA or 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA, an autophagy inhibitor) or rapacymin (Rapa, an autophagy activator) at the beginning of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that EDA promoted cell viability, activated autophagy, enhanced angiogenesis, alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress. On one hand, 3‐MA reversed the effects of EDA on cell viability, oxidative stress and apoptosis via inhibiting autophagy. On the other hand, Rapa had the similar effects of EDA. Furthermore, EDA‐induced autophagy was mediated through downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. The findings showed that EDA ameliorated viability of random skin flaps by promoting angiogenesis, suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be mediated by autophagic activation through downregulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
Salvage Radiotherapy in Inoperable or Recurrent Carcinoma of the Rectum
Authors: Das S. 
Published: April 2023

The role of megavoltage radiotherapy in inoperable or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum treated in this centre from 1960–1971 is evaluated. In almost all cases the quality of life is improved with some subjective and objective improvement; rarely, the survival is prolonged and very rarely, possible cure is achieved.The value of radiotherapy is confirmed and its use to a radical dose in more patients wherever possible is advocated.
The power of the business media: Evidence from firm‐level productivity
Authors: Khalifa Mariem , Sheikhbahaei Ali , Sualihu Mohammed Aminu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of media coverage on firm‐level productivity and find that firms with higher media coverage are associated with higher productivity. Using the launch of Barron's Online as a quasi‐shock to media coverage, we document that this relationship is causal. Further exploration shows that the positive media–productivity relationship is stronger for firms with weaker governance mechanisms and for those with higher levels of information asymmetry. We also identify an increase in reputational and career concerns and a reduction in managerial shirking as channels through which media coverage affects firm‐level productivity. The results are robust to alternative explanations and endogeneity concerns. Overall, our findings suggest that media coverage reduces managerial opportunism, and thus enhances resource deployment decisions.
(De‐)politicization Discourse Strategies: The Case of Trade
Authors: Andrione‐Moylan Alex , de Wilde Pieter , Raube Kolja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExamining (de‐)politicization as an actor‐driven phenomenon, this study asks: How and to what extent do actors in the public sphere attempt to (de‐)politicize European Union (EU) policies? (De‐)politicization is understood not only as a process but also as the deliberate framing of debates over EU issues at a domestic level. This paper conceptualizes (de‐)politicization acts in the public sphere and shows how these can be detected empirically through a claim‐level (de‐)politicization index. This approach is applied to a database of evaluations (claims) on EU trade, by EU actors, national executive actors and societal actors, surrounding the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement, in the media of six Member States (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Denmark). Whilst all kinds of actors may engage in (de‐)politicization, the analysis of the index allows us to determine if a certain category of actors does so to a greater or lesser extent compared with others.