bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cell Receptor for IgE
Authors: Kulczycki Anthony , McNearney Terry A. , Parker Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat basophilic leukemia cells were labeled either enzymically with 125I or biosynthetically by culture in the presence of 14C-glucosamine or 3H-amino-acids and then extracted with NP-40. IgE-anti-IgE precipitates insolubilized a radiolabeled macromolecule from these extracts largely or entirely absent in control IgG-anti-IgG precipitates. When specific precipitates were boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, most of the 14C or 125I radioactivity was in the area corresponding to an apparent m.w of 60,000 to 70,000 in 5.9% gels. In 10% and 12% gels, faster mobility was demonstrated indicating an atypical electrophoretic behavior often associated with glycoproteins and a presumptive m.w. of 50,000 or less. Since only IgE-containing precipitates localized lable in this region and since such precipitates from cells saturated with IgE prior to surface iodination failed to show this band, the labeled macromolecule appears to be the IgE receptor itself. Analysis of the acid hydrolysates of precipitated 14C radioactivity demonstrated that label was entirely in hexosamines and sialic acid. 125I and 14C labels in the receptor region were eliminated almost completely with pepsin and pronase and to a lesser extent with trypsin.
Biologic Properties of Nontoxic Derivatives of a Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia Coli K235
Authors: McIntire Floyd C. , Hargie Martha P. , Schenck J. R. , Finley Richard A. , Sievert H. W. , Rietschel Ernst Th. , Rosenstreich David L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)2 from Escherichia coli K235 was treated with o-phthalic anhydride to obtain a high degree of esterification of available hydroxyl groups, leaving a free carboxyl for each hydroxyl esterified (SPLPS). Although there was no demonstrable loss of fatty acids, this conversion of LPS to a polyanionic molecule altered dramatically the spectrum of biologic properties, most of which are normally attributed to the lipid A (LA) moiety. Mitogenicity for mouse B cells was decreased several hundred-fold; reaction with antibodies to LPS was abolished; pyrogenicity and toxicity were decreased by factors of 105 and 104; the ability to induce the Shwartzman reaction in rabbits was decreased 500-fold, and the ability to stimulate production of interferon in mice was decreased by more than 2 × 103. However, despite the loss of these properties, SPLPS retained the ability to act as an immunologic adjuvant. The nature of the anionic group is important, e.g., sodium succinyl-LPS (SuLPS) is 10-fold more pyrogenic and toxic than sodium phthalyl-LPS (SPLPS). Data on another LPS derivative, from which ester-linked fatty acid residues were removed before phthalylation, suggest that the ester-linked fatty acid groups in the lipid A moiety of SPLPS may not be necessary for its immunologic adjuvant effect.
In Vivo Activation of Properdin Factor B in Normotensive Bacteremic Individuals
Authors: Palestine Alan G. , Klemperer Martin R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Activation of the alternative pathway of complement may be initiated by a variety of factors, including components of the bacterial cell wall (1, 2). It has been demonstrated in Gram-negative bacteremia leading to septic shock that C3 levels in serum are decreased (3). However, in bacteremia without shock, normal or increased C3 levels (3) and hemolytic complement activity (4) have been demonstrated.
It has been reported recently that properdin, C3, C5, C6, and C9 levels are lower in patients with bacteremia who develop shock than in normal individuals and normotensive bacteremic patients (5). Factor B3 levels in the above study were in general lower for patients in shock. However, factor B levels in all patients with bacteremia did not differ significantly from controls.
Circulating conversion products of factor B have been found in serum from two patients with arthritis after intestinal bypass surgery (6). Activation in these patients was postulated to be caused by an immunoglobulin cryoprecipitate.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression: A Virus-Induced Macrophage Defect
Authors: Jacobs Robert P. , Cole Gerald A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Primary immunizing infections with LCM virus result in a transient depression of the in vitro proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes to mitogens specifically reactive with T cells or B cells. This depression of lymphocyte function is the result of a virus-induced defect in an adherent, phagocytic cell population required for in vitro lymphocyte activation. Depressed responses persist for about 1 week after virus clearance and can be corrected by the addition of normal PEM or 2-ME to infected spleen cell cultures. Although the precise nature of this defect remains unclear, it is postulated that it is due to a productive infection of macrophages and their precursors that renders them dysfunctional. Secondary LCM virus infections do not result in depressed in vitro responses to mitogens, presumably because of rapid virus clearance and limited numbers of infected cells.
Primary infections of immunologically immature mice, mice rendered functionally athymic, or mice treated with nonspecific immunosuppressive agents result in LCM virus persistence. Shortly after infection, these animals show a similar depression of immunologic reactivity that returns to normal as the virus carrier state becomes established. Despite virus persistence, few PEM from established LCM virus carrier mice contain viral antigens and these cells function normally. Thus, LCM virus-induced immunosuppression appears to reflect a subtle cytopathic effect of LCM virus replication that is not mediated by the virus-specific cell-mediated immune mechanisms responsible for acute LCM virus disease.
Colchicine-Sensitive Structures and Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: Greene Warner C. , Parker Christine M. , Parker Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The possible modulatory role of microtubules or closely related colchicine-sensitive structures in the response of human lymphocytes to mitogenic lectins was investigated. Colchicine (0.1 to 10 µM) and vinblastine (0.1 to 10 µM) inhibited early [14C]-aminoisobutyric acid and late [3H]-thymidine uptake in phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes but failed to alter 45Ca uptake. Lumicolchicine, an inactive congener of colchicine, was ineffective in all three systems. Both microtubular agents accentuated and prolonged the early cyclic AMP response to lectin. Little or no alteration in cyclic AMP levels was seen with colchicine or vinblastine alone or in combination with PGE1 (10 µM) or epinephrine (1 µM) suggesting that the effect on cyclic AMP metabolism is largely selective for lectin stimulation. Neither microtubular agent altered 125I-concanavalin A binding. Since the inhibition of DNA synthesis was maximal only when the inhibitory agents were present throughout the culture period and early aminoisobutyric acid uptake is affected, it appears that these agents are acting on an early event, or events, in the activation sequence. Although the mechanism of the inhibition is not known, the effect of colchicine and vinblastine in prolonging the cyclic AMP response to lectin may be involved. Alternatively, alternations in microtubule assembly may exert effects on membrane architecture interfering with propagation of the stimulus from the membrane to the cell interior.
Inhibition of Normal Mouse Lymphocyte Mitogen Responses by Xenogeneic or Allogeneic Antibodies to the MuLV Glycoprotein gp71
Authors: Lee John C. , Ihle James N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Xenogeneic and allogeneic antisera to the major envelope glycoprotein (gp71) of murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) inhibited the mitogenic response of normal mouse splenic lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This inhibition was specific for gp71 as demonstrated by the inability of xenogeneic antisera to other viral glycoproteins or structural proteins to inhibit and by the ability of purified antigens to block specifically the inhibitory effect. The ability of antisera to gp71 to inhibit LPS responses, however, is highly dependent on the strain and age of mouse spleen cells used and appears correlated with the expression of endogenous viruses. Moreover, the preferential inhibition of LPS responses suggests that this expression may be predominately B cell specific. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect is mediated via antibody binding to lymphocytes and that expression of viral envelope antigens on the cell surface which bind immunoglobulins can block or interfere with the binding or uptake of mitogens. A variety of natural mouse immune sera and “tumor” sera, having antibodies directed against gp71, can similarly inhibit mitogen responses; and this inhibition can be specifically blocked with MuLV or gp71.
The Formation of Stable E-Rosettes by Human T Lymphocytes Activated in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions
Authors: Galili Uri , Schlesinger Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether activation of human T-lymphocytes affects their interaction with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Less than 3% of the E-rosettes formed by freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and SRBC are stable and do not disintegrate after incubation at 37°C. In contrast, about 30% of PBL kept in culture for 5 days in the presence of mitomycin C-treated allogeneic lymphocytes were found to form stable E-rosettes. Whereas no rosettes were formed by freshly isolated PBL incubated with human red blood cells at 24°C, 15% of the cells recovered from mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) formed such rosettes. When responder PBL were maintained in culture in the absence of allogeneic stimuli the proportion of cells forming stable E-rosettes depended on the serum present in the medium. Less than 5% of the responder cells kept in medium containing human serum or in serum-free medium formed stable E-rosettes, whereas 18% of the cells maintained in medium containing fetal calf serum formed stable E-rosettes.
The proportion of cells forming stable E-rosettes increased before any increase in DNA synthesis was detectable in MLR. Indeed, a high proportion of cells forming stable E-rosettes appeared in MLR taking place in serum-free medium, without any accompanying increase of DNA synthesis.
Depletion of cells forming EAC′-rosettes from responder PBL increased the proportion of cells forming stable E-rosettes in MLR. Exposure of the cells recovered in MLR to specific anti-T sera inhibited the formation of both stable and regular E-rosettes. Exposure of the cells recovered in MLR to anti-Ig serum had no effect on the formation of regular rosettes. Anti-Ig serum strongly inhibited the formation of stable E-rosettes by cells grown in medium containing human serum, but had no effect on the formation of stable E-rosettes by cells grown in either serum-free medium or in serum containing fetal calf serum.
It is concluded that activated human T lymphocytes are characterized by their capacity to form stable E-rosettes, resistant to incubation at 37°C, and by their capacity to acquire an immunoglobulin coat, possibly by binding immunoglobulin molecules present in their environment.
Thymic Function in NZB Mice
Authors: Bach Marie-Anne , Niaudet Patrick 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Administration of a circulating thymic factor isolated from normal pig blood prevented the development of the exaggerated production of anti-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) antibody in young NZB mice. However, treatment was ineffective if initiated after the 4th week of life at a time when endogenous serum thymic factor (TF) normally disappears in these mice. These data suggest that circulating TF is necessary for the survival of short-lived suppressor T cells normally implicated in the regulation of the production of antibodies against PVP, a thymus-independent antigen. In older NZB mice, TF treatment increased paradoxically anti-PVP antibody production, which suggests that “amplifier” T cell activity could also be under TF influence.
Interaction of C-Reactive Protein with Lymphocytes and Monocytes: Complement-Dependent Adherence and Phagocytosis
Authors: Mortensen Richard F. , Osmand Alexander P. , Lint Thomas F. , Gewurz Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serum constituent C-reactive protein (CRP), which activates the classical complement (C) pathway when rε-acting with its substrates, was examined for its ability to mediate reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis. Erythrocytes coated with C-polysaccharide (CPS) and reacted with CRP (E. CPS-CRP) failed to adhere to B cells and displayed only minimal adherence to monocytes. However, upon the addition of absorbed C or purified C components these cells were found to possess the cleavage products C4b and C3b, which in turn resulted in attachment of these cells to both human B lymphocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. E. CPS-CRP treated with C in the absence of antibody were readily phagocytosized by glass-adherent human monocytes. The phagocytosis of E. CPS-CRP-C was not only mediated by CRP but also required the presence of CRP on the surface of the red cells. The extent of ingestion was proportional to the amount of CRP on the red cell intermediate and was reduced by blocking monocyte receptors with aggregated human γ-globulin (HGG) at concentrations which did not impair the uptake of other particles. The mediation by CRP of reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis as outlined in these studies points to a significant role for CRP in reactions of host defense and inflammation.
Studies on Human Brain-Thymus Cross-Reactive Antigens
Authors: Maznina T. P. , Kushner S. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigens shared by human brain and thymocytes and by human and mouse tissues were studied with rabbit anti-human thymocyte antiserum (RAHT). It was found that cytotoxicity of RAHT serum against mouse thymus cells was not absorbed by mouse liver or bone marrow cells. Human brain and thymus cells completely absorbed the anti-thymocyte activity from this antiserum. It was suggested that human brain had antigenic determinants identical or very similar to those found on human thymocytes. Activity of RAHT antiserum against mouse thymus cells was completely removed by an absorption of mouse brain and thymocytes. These results demonstrated that there were shared antigenic determinants between human and mouse tissues.
C4 Synthesis in C4-Deficient Guinea Pig Radiation Chimeras: Restoration of the Classic Complement Pathway
Authors: Webster Robert O. , Rudofsky Ulrich H. , Pickering Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bone marrow transplants from normal Albany strain guinea pigs established a functional classical pathway of complement (C) in C4-deficient (C4D) guinea pigs. Seventeen days after transplant the Albany → C4D chimeras had detectable C4 and total hemolytic C activities. Maximum C4 levels (2 to 8% of normal) were reached by day 73 and restored total C to 40% of normal. Classical pathway function persisted for about 150 days and, thereafter, declined to undetectable levels by day 385.
In contrast, Albany guinea pigs transplanted with C4D marrow maintained normal C4 levels throughout the experiment, suggesting that the C4-producing cells are radioresistant and long-lived. Unlike unmanipulated C4D animals, Albany → C4D chimeras were unable to produce antibodies to guinea pig C4 when immunized with normal guinea pig serum. These experiments suggest that bone marrow cell progeny produce C4 in vivo.
Synthetic Glycolipid Adjuvants
Authors: Behling Ulrich H. , Campbell Barbara , Chang Chung-Ming , Rumpf Christopher , Nowotny Alois 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of the organic synthesis of model compounds similar in some features to the lipid moiety of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), N-acylated-D-glucosamine derivatives were prepared. One of these, N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, has been previously found to be mitogenic for athymic nude mouse B cells. This and other N-acylated homologs were tested for adjuvant activity in the immune response to human γ-globulin (HGG) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Comparable or superior enhancement of the immune response was obtained for these glycolipids when compared to LPS in assays measuring anti-SRBC or HGG hemagglutinin titers. In the determination of hemolytic plaque formation, considerable adjuvant effect was shown by the lauroyl derivative, and less but still significant enhancement was achieved by the N-palmitoyl-d-glucosamine. In the rosette formation assay, in addition to the above two glycolipids, N-oleyl-D-glucosamine showed good adjuvant effect. In the latter two assays, the LPS was a superior adjuvant as compared to the synthetic glycolipids.
The radiation protective effect of some of the better synthetic adjuvants was also investigated in mice. It was found that although LPS was more effective in this assay, the N-myristoyl-D-glucosamine and N-decanoyl-D-glucosamine compounds gave a definite protection, since up to 40% of the lethally irradiated (700 R) mice survived.
Leukocyte Migration Inhibitory Factor (LMIF) Production in Unidirectional Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures
Authors: Górski Andrzej J. , Dupont Bo , Hansen John A. , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Puromycin treatment of lymphocytes was used to develop a one-way test for leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) production in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction. Lymphocytes incubated with this protein synthesis inhibitor induced a vigorous mediator production by nontreated allogeneic cells, being themselves unable to respond to stimulator cells. When puromycin-treated cells were stimulated with the mitogens PHA, ConA, or PWM, overall protein and DNA synthesis were significantly decreased with concomitant abolishment of LMIF production. Viability of stimulator lymphocytes was found to be essential for generation of the mediator in MLC reaction.
Structure and Function of Immunoglobulin Domains
Authors: McNabb Trudy , Koh T. Y. , Dorrington K. J. , Painter R. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc receptors have been shown to be present in human placental tissue with properties distinct from those on macrophages and lymphocytes. A single class of receptor was observed with an intrinsic affinity of 4 × 106 M-1 for human IgG1. The order of affinity for IgG subclasses was IgG1 = IgG3 τ; IgG4 τ; IgG2. IgA and IgM were not bound. Fc from IgG1 bound with the same affinity as the whole molecule and to the same number of receptor sites, 2 × 1012/mg placental protein. IgG1 was no longer bound after mild reduction and alkylation whereas the binding of Fc was unaffected by this treatment. Neither Cγ2 nor Cγ3, the two domains which comprise the Fc region of IgG1, bound to the placental receptor. This implies that this Fc receptor is unlike those found on most cell surfaces and that placental binding is an exception to the theory that each domain has evolved to perform independent functions.
The Complement Profile in Babesiosis
Authors: Chapman William E. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rats have been infected with Babesia rodhaini, a protozoan agent that induces immune complex disease. Assays for complement have revealed depletion of C2, C3, C4, C5, and whole complement in the course of infection. No evidence of depletion in the alternative (properdin) pathway was found. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that the classical complement pathway is activated during the course of the protozoan infection.
Studies on the Specificity of in Vitro Induced Lymphocytotoxicity to SV40-Transformed Fibroblasts
Authors: Warnatz H. , Krapf F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic effector lymphocytes were induced by in vitro immunization of lymph node and spleen cells from AKR-mice (H-2k) and from BALB/c-mice (H-2d) to syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts. The T cell-dependent cytotoxicity was specific for target cells expressing the same H2-specificity as the immunizing cells. Nontransformed fibroblasts as stimulator cells did not induce efficient cytotoxicity to transformed or nontransformed target cells. Incubation with phytohemagglutinin during the sensitization period modified the specificity of the T cell-mediated lysis of syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts: allogeneic as well as syngeneic target cells were destroyed by these effector cells. However, the polyclonal stimulant activates preferentially cytotoxicity to H2-matched target cells. The in vitro generation of cytotoxic effector cells was restricted to living SV40-transformed fibroblasts as immunizing cells; it was not possible to immunize lymphocytes in the presence of membrane proteins prepared from the SV40-transformed cells. The cytotoxicity of the in vitro immunized lymphocytes was inhibited by incubation with membrane protein preparations from syngeneic or allogeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts.
Effects of C-Reactive Protein on Platelet Function
Authors: Fiedel Barry A. , Gewurz Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP)4 inhibits the response of human platelets to heat-aggregated human γ-globulin and thrombin and that this inhibition is characterized by a dose-dependent reduction in aggregation, activation of platelet factor 3 (PF3), and release of β-glucuronidase. In the present experiments, CRP was found also to inhibit the ability of washed human platelets to aggregate in response to poly-l-lysine (PLL); in these experiments, the magnitude of the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the m.w. of PLL used as the stimulating agent, and was more effective with low (15,000 daltons) than with high (400,000 daltons) m.w. polymers. CRP similarly inhibited ADP- and epinephrine-stimulated platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and this was characterized by relatively minimal suppression of the primary wave with marked suppression of the secondary ADP-mediated wave of aggregation. CRP also inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by collagen in PRP, although it had no effect upon the adherence of platelets to collagen. Finally, CRP inhibited the activation of PF3 and the release of serotonin during stimulation of platelets with ADP, and this inhibition was temporally related to the onset of the secondary wave of aggregation. These experiments extend the platelet reactivities inhibited by CRP, show that CRP expresses its inhibitory capacity in platelet-rich plasma as well as upon isolated platelets, raise the possibility that CRP exercises its effects by inhibiting or interfering with the release and/or utilization of endogenous platelet ADP, and support the concept that CRP plays an important role in the control of platelet responsiveness to a variety of stimuli during acute inflammatory reactions.
Age-Associated Decline in the in Vitro Development of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in NZB Mice
Authors: Hirano Toshio , Nordin Albert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) in in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was investigated in young (14 weeks), middle (40 weeks), and aged (80 weeks) NZB mice. Cytotoxic activity against H-2b alloantigens was measured by using the 51Cr release assay. The antigen dose to elicit the optimum development of CL in vitro was the same for all ages of NZB mice, but the level of the development of CL was consistently low and could be delayed by up to 24 hr in aged mice. This decline in the development of CL was not related to the increase of the frequency of autoantibody against red blood cells nor to the decrease of the frequency of θ-positive cells in aged NZB mice. Aged (83 weeks) DBA/2 mice showed a similar decline in the development of CL. This decline of T cell function in aged NZB mice might be related to a physiologic aging process rather than to autoimmune disease.