bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low hourly wages in middle‐age are associated with faster memory decline in older age: Evidence from the health and retirement study
Authors: Kezios Katrina L , Zhang Adina , Kim Soohyun , Lu Peiyi , Glymour M. Maria , Elfassy Tali , Hazzouri Adina Zeki Al 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle research has investigated the long‐term relationship between low wages and memory decline, despite the growing share of low‐wage workers in the US labor market. We examined whether cumulative exposure to low wages over 12 years in midlife is associated with memory decline in later life.MethodWe used 1992‐2016 data from the Health and Retirement Study, a biennial longitudinal survey of nationally representative samples of Americans aged 50+. We analyzed data from 3,803 individuals born 1936‐1941 using confounder‐adjusted linear mixed‐effects models. Low‐wage was defined as hourly wage lower than two‐thirds of the federal median wage for the corresponding year. Low‐wage exposure history was categorized into ‘never’, ‘intermittent’, and ‘sustained’ based on wages earned from 1992 to 2004. Memory function was measured at each visit from 2004 to 2016 by a memory composite score; on average, participants completed 4.8 memory assessments from 2004‐2016. Estimates were obtained in the total sample and within strata of sex (Nmales = 1,913, Nfemales = 1,890).ResultAt the beginning of cognitive follow‐up (2004) our sample was on average 65 years old with a mean memory score of 1.15 standard units. The confounder‐adjusted annual rate of memory decline among workers who never earned low wages was ‐0.12 standard units, 95% CI: [‐0.14, ‐0.10]. Compared with this, memory decline among workers with sustained earning of low midlife wages was significantly faster (βtime*sustained:‐0.012, 95% CI: [‐0.02, ‐0.01]), corresponding to an annual rate of ‐0.13 standard units for this group. Put into terms of “excess cognitive aging”, the cognitive aging experienced by workers with sustained exposure to low midlife wages over a 10‐year period is what workers never earning low‐wages would experience in 11 years. Similar associations were found among males and females. No significant association between intermittent earning of low wages and memory decline was observed.ConclusionSustained earning of low wages in midlife was significantly associated with a downward trajectory of memory performance in older age. Enhancing social policies to protect low‐wage workers (e.g., increasing minimum wage) may be especially beneficial for the cognitive health of individuals with sustained low‐wage employment in midlife.
Blood‐brain barrier permeable antibodies for Alzheimer’s potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications
Authors: Bhatt Ram , Ramos Oscar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder that has become an escalating global epidemic with an unbearable emotional and physical strain on patients, loved ones, and their caretakers. So far, there is no cure or treatment to alter its progression or improve cognition. The reasons for such a failure to develop disease modifying therapy for AD can probably be best described, in our opinion, as to the lack of understanding of what the real disease trigger is and the inability of most of the potentially disease modifying agents to cross the blood‐brain barrier ((BBB) in therapeutically effective doses. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and Tau proteins have been employed to normalize the levels of these proteins in the brain despite their low (0.1%) reported brain uptake. Though Aβ levels have been reduced, either through direct target engagement in the brain or most likely due to the so called “Sink Hypothesis” in multiple clinical trials, cognition improvement has not been observed so far. It appears that memory deficit may be related to early events such as mitochondria and lysosomal dysfunction, axonal demyelination, and neuroinflammation, etc. that take place long before symptoms and protein aggregation are observed.MethodTo demonstrate BBB permeability proof‐of‐principle we developed heavy‐chain only antibody for amyloid‐beta (1‐42) by immunizing animals with a synthetic antigen. Blood from the immunized animals was collected and processed using standard published methods to obtain heavy‐chain only antibody, referred to as the SMART* Molecule (SM). [SMART* is an acronym that stands for Specific Molecular Architecture for Recognition and Therapy].ResultLow dose (1.5 mg/Kg) tail‐vein injection of Aβ‐SM in transgenic AD mice exquisitely decorated amyloid‐plaque as shown by tissue histology of brain slices demonstrating potential diagnostic application of Aβ‐SM. One weekly tail‐vein injection with the same low dose for 12 weeks in AD transgenic mice cleared amyloid plaque, oligomeric and fibrillar, by about 60% compared to the untreated mice, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential of Aβ‐SM.ConclusionSMART Molecules, heavy‐chain only antibodies, appear to have therapeutic and diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
Effects of physical activity and the combination with a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on physical capacities, neuromotor components and depressive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Antunes Mariana S , Souza Maira S , Takeda Osvaldo H , Ueno‐Pardi Linda M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent dementias in the elderly and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. AD is also accompanied by functional changes and psychiatric disorders in older adults with AD. In addition to drug treatment, non‐pharmacological interventions can contribute to attenuating cognitive and functional decline, improving well‐being and psychiatric symptoms. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of interventions with isolated physical activity program and multidisciplinary rehabilitation program (including physical activity sessions, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, art therapy, games, cognitive and computer stimulation) on physical capacities, neuromotor components and depressive symptoms in elderly with AD.MethodThird four elderly patients with previous diagnosis of AD were include in control group (CG = 8), intervention group with isolated physical activity (PAG = 12), and the multidisciplinary rehabilitation group (MG = 14). All participants underwent neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluation, physical activity level questionnaire and functional tests (including muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, flexibility and agility/dynamic balance) at the beginning and the end of the study. The physical activity program included aerobic exercises, motor coordination, strength, flexibility, and cool down for 3 months, twice a week, with 75 min each session. The MG group participated in physical activity sessions, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, art therapy, games, cognitive and computer stimulation. The duration of these workshops was 60 to 90 min each (totaling 6 hours a day), 2 days a week, for 3 months.ResultThere was a significant improvement in the physical capacities, neuromotor components, and total physical activity levels of the PAG and MG in relation to the CG. In addition, MG intervention was also able to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with AD.ConclusionInterventions with isolated physical activity program and in a multidisciplinary team were effective for improvement of the physical capacities and neuromotor components of the elderly with AD.
Effects of multimodal physical activity program in the cognive functions and functional fitness test in elderly with and without Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Souza Maira S , Antunes Mariana S , Takeda Osvaldo H , Ueno‐Pardi Linda M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease among all dementias, and is characterized by progressive deficits in cognitive function and activities of daily living.The aim of this study was compare effects of multimodal physical activity program in functional capacity, memory, and attention in elderly with and without AD.MethodEighteen elderly with AD were ramdomized into the control (AD‐C) or multimodal physical activity program (AD‐T) groups. Also twenty without AD were divided in the control (NAD‐C) or physical activity program (NAD‐T) groups. All participants performed the international physical activity questionnaire, neuropsicological evaluation using Mini Mental State Examination, Syndrom Kurztest (SKT), clinical dementia rating. The functional fitness test was evaluated by the muscular resistance (30‐second chair stand and arm curl), aerobic capacity (2‐minute step in the place), lower and upper body flexbility (chair sit‐and‐reach, and back scratch tests) and agility/dynamic balance (8‐foot up and go). The shoulder and ankle amplitude were measured using a Fleximeter. The multimodal physical activity program included warm up, aerobic exercises, strength, flexibility, and cool down for 3 months, twice a week, with 75 min each session for NAD‐T and AD‐T groups.ResultThe physical activity program significantly increased the leisure‐time physical activity level, upper body muscular strength, aerobic capacity, upper and lower body flexibility, shoulder and ankle extension range in the NAD‐T and AD‐T (P<0.05). Also increased agility/dinamic balance compared to the AD‐C group (P<0.05). Concerning the cognition, the multimodal training improved SKT‐memory in both groups NAD‐T and AD‐T (P<0.05). SKT‐atention improved in the NAD‐T group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe multimodal physical activity program was effective in increasing the level of leisure‐time physical activity, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, lower limb flexibility, shoulder extension, and memory, independent of the AD. Additionaly, the program attenuated the decline in agility/dinamic balance compared to the AD‐C group. Attentional function improved in the NAD‐T group. These benefits may contribute to a better performance in activities of daily living, reduction of falls and attenuation of the decline of cognitive functions in elderly people with and without AD.
Related amyloid burden and cortical atrophy in individuals with subtle cognitive decline
Authors: Cersonsky Tess E.K. , Brick Leslie Ann D 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubtle cognitive decline represents a stage of subclinical cognitive deterioration in which pathological biomarkers, particularly for Alzheimer’s disease may be present, including early cortical atrophy and amyloid deposition. Using individual items from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and k‐modes cluster analysis, we previously identified three distinct cognitive clusters of individuals without overt cognitive impairment, which comprised a High Performing cluster (no deficits in performance), a Memory Deficits cluster (lower memory performance), and a Compound Deficits cluster (lower memory and executive function performance). In this study, we sought to understand the different relationships found in our clusters between cortical atrophy on MRI and B‐amyloid burden on PET.MethodsData was derived from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and comprised individuals with Clinical Dementia Rating of 0 with available MRI and 18‐Florbetapir B‐amyloid PET data (n = 272). Using multiple group structural equation modeling, we regressed amyloid standardized uptake value ratio (PET) on volumetric regions (MRI). Models were constrained to test significance of associations across groups defined by cognitive clusters.ResultsIn our Compound Deficits cluster, greater whole cerebral B‐amyloid burden was significantly related to atrophy of the right entorhinal cortex and left hippocampus, with regression coefficients of ‐0.412 (p = 0.005) and ‐0.304 (p = 0.049), respectively. Within this cluster, right entorhinal cortical atrophy was significantly related to greater amyloid burden within multiple frontal lobe regions.ConclusionsThe Compound Deficits cluster, which represents a group at higher risk of decline with deficits in both memory and executive function, was observed to have significantly more cortical atrophy, particularly within the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, associated with whole brain and frontal lobe B‐amyloid burden. These findings, which are consistent with the neuropsychological deficits observed on the MoCA in this cluster, point to a pattern of early pathological deterioration that may place these individuals at risk for future decline.
Psychometric properties of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile‐BREF of community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Park Kang‐Hyun , Park Ji‐Hyuk , Hong Ickpyo , Nam Sanghun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle is important indicator of health and well‐being among older adults. Therefore it is important to measure the individual’s lifestyles effectively. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile‐BREF (YLP‐BREF).MethodIn total, 569 community‐dwelling older adults were recruited via an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis of a one‐factor model was conducted for each of the three domainsof the YLP‐BREF. The total score of YLP‐BREF and each domain were evaluated for convergent validity and divergent validity using the WHO quality of life scale and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha reliability was examined. Finally, an optimal cutoff score for the YLP‐BREF was established using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultThe five items of physical activity demonstrated an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.923; RMSEA = 0.095; SRMSR = 0.033). The four items of activity participation illustrated an acceptable fit except for the Tucker–Lewis index (CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.876, RMSEA = 0.080, SRMSR = 0.022). All 13 nutrition items showed an acceptable fit fit (CFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.076; SRMSR = 0.047). Cronbach’s alpha reliability was good for nutrition (r = 0.85) and acceptable for physical activity (r = 0.61), but insufficient for activity participation (r = 0.43). Convergent and divergent validities were good (r = 0.17–0.32, p<0.001; r = 0.01—0.10, p<0.001). The optimal cut‐off score for the YLP‐BREF was 9 for physical activity, 6 for activity participation, and 28 for nutritionConclusionThe YLP‐BREF is a reliable and valid self‐report questionnaire for measuring multifaceted lifestyle factors in community‐dwelling older adults in South Korea.
The impact of social network characteristics on health among community‐dwelling elderly in South Korea: Application of social network analysis
Authors: Park Kang‐Hyun , Jeon Byoung‐Jin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults’ social network is associated with health and quality of life. This study examines the association between characteristics of social network (friendship network) and subjective well‐being of community‐dwelling older adults.MethodThis study was conducted between June 2015 to August 2015, with a total of 146 respondents. The contracture and density of the social network was analysed by using social network analysis. Additionally, in order to investigate the impact of social network on health, multiple liner regression analysis was used through Netminer 4.0 version. P values of less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultThe higher the out‐degree (376.161) and the in‐closeness (201.825), the better the health. On the other hand, the higher the in‐degree (‐279.167) and the out‐closeness (‐52.620), the poor the health. the higher the out‐degree (218.747) and the in‐closeness (170.075), the better the health. In addition, it was showed that religion had a negative effect on health, and the older adults with high level of education illustrated better health.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the higher out‐degree and in‐closeness intensity affect the health of older adults positively, but the higher the in‐degree and out‐closeness intensity affect the health negatively. Therefore, health professionals should use appropriate strategies to increase the strength of social networks in order to improve the health of the elderly living in the community.
Associations between dietary patterns and structural neuroimaging markers of relevance for dementia
Authors: Samuelsson Jessica , Marseglia Anna , Lindberg Olof , Westman Eric , Kern Silke , Ahlner Felicia , Rothenberg Elisabet , Skoog Ingmar , Zettergren Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiet is a lifestyle factors that could influence the risk of developing dementia. However, the impact of diet on the brain is not fully understood. Investigating associations between dietary patterns and neuroimaging markers of relevance for dementia could potentially increase this understanding.MethodThis study includes cross‐sectional data from the population‐based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, Sweden, including 610 dementia‐free 70‐year‐olds (born 1944, examined 2014‐16) with dietary and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (54% women). Three dietary patterns were derived with principal component analysis, a western‐like pattern (e.g., refined cereal products, sweets, savory bakery/fast food), a Mediterranean‐like pattern (e.g., vegetables, fruits, whole grain cereal products) and a low‐fiber and high‐alcohol pattern (e.g., red meat/processed red meat, eggs, alcoholic beverages). Brain MRI markers were of overall neurodegeneration (i.e., mean cortical thickness), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurodegeneration (based on cortical thickness of AD‐signature areas), and vascular brain pathology including early abnormalities in the white matter microstructure (derived from diffusion tensor imaging) and small vessel disease (presence of white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and/or perivascular spaces). In data analysis, linear and ordinal regression models were adjusted for sex, energy intake, educational level, physical activity level, smoking and body mass index.ResultResults from this study showed a positive association between higher adherence to the Mediterranean‐like dietary pattern and higher white matter microstructural integrity (B 0.077; 95% CI 0.002 – 0.153). Moreover, a higher adherence to the low‐fibre and high‐alcohol dietary pattern was negatively associated with total mean cortical thickness (B ‐0.011; 95% CI ‐0.019 – ‐0.003) and an AD signature of cortical thickness (mean entorhinal, inferior temporal, middle temporal, and fusiform thickness) (B ‐0.013; 95% CI ‐0.024 – ‐0.001) in the fully adjusted models. No associations were found between the dietary patterns and the small vessel disease markers. Nor were there any associations between the western‐like dietary pattern and the MRI markers.ConclusionThis study suggests that there may be an association between certain dietary patterns and dementia‐related alterations. These findings could be of importance for dementia prevention strategies and for future intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary patterns in relation to dementia.
High lifelong cognitive reserve prolongs disability‐free survival: Role of cognitive function
Authors: Li Xuerui , Yang Wenzhe , Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Qi Xiuying , Bennett David A , Xu Weili 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh cognitive reserve (CR) has been related to a decreased dementia risk, but the association between CR and survival with independence is unknown. We examined whether lifelong CR accumulation is associated with disability‐free survival and explored the extent to which cognitive function mediates this association.MethodWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,633 dementia‐ and disability‐free participants (mean age: 79.3 years) were followed annually for up to 22 years to detect disability and deaths. A lifelong CR indicator was derived based on information about education, early‐life, mid‐life, and late‐life cognitive activities, and late‐life social activity, and categorized into tertiles (low, moderate, and high). Disability was assessed annually in terms of participants’ ability to conduct activities of daily living and survival status was observed during the follow‐up period. Global cognitive function was assessed annually with a battery of 19 tests. Data were analyzed using Cox models, Laplace regression, and generalized structural equation models.ResultDuring the follow‐up (median: 4.35 years, interquartile range: 2.01 to 7.98 years), 1,079 (64.6%) participants died or developed disability. In multi‐adjusted Cox models, CR score was does‐dependently associated with disability/death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.99). Compared to low CR, the multi‐adjusted HR (95% CI) of high CR was 0.82 (0.70–0.95) for disability/death. In Laplace regression, the median disability‐free survival time was prolonged by 0.17 (95% CI 0.05–0.30) years per unit higher CR score, and 0.99 (95% CI 0.28–1.71) years for participants with high CR compared to low CR. In mediation analysis, cognitive function mediated 35.7% of the association between CR and disability‐free survival.ConclusionHigh lifelong CR is associated with prolonged disability‐free survival, and cognitive function mediates about one‐third of this association.
Incidence rate ratios of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations within 1 year of dementia diagnosis in younger adults: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chih‐Ching 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe cognitive impairment and motor deficiency due to dementia may adversely affect the ability and skill related to ride motorcycle. However, little information regarding the incidence and risk of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations among patients with dementia. This study estimates the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations between first‐diagnosed dementia and non‐dementia.MethodIn this retrospective population‐based cohort study, we compared dementia aged 40‐64 years and its age‐ and sex‐ matched subjects without dementia from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database entries and Taiwan Police‐reported Traffic Accident Registry between 2006 and 2015. The incidence of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations was compared between first‐diagnosed dementia and non‐dementia cases using IRR, stratified by age, sex, and charlson index. The incidence densities of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations were estimated based on Poisson assumption.ResultOver 1‐year of follow‐up, the incidence densities of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations were 29.73 and 10.46 per 10,000 person‐years for subjects with and without dementia, respectively, with an IRR of 2.84 (95% CI 1.99 to 4.06). Regardless of any age, sex or charlson index, the incidence densities of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations were higher in patients with dementia than subjects without dementia, with the IRR ranging from 1.07 (95% CI 0.49 to 2.37) to 7.06 (95% CI 2.48 to 20.14). Unlike subjects without dementia, the incidence density of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations decreased with age among patients with dementia. Among them, the highest IRR was 7.06 (95% CI 2.48 to 20.14) in those aged 40‐44. In gender group, the IRR of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations were higher in male (3.34, 95% CI 2.07 to 5.38) than in female (2.27, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.89). The effect of dementia on incidence rate of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations were highest in those without comorbidities (IRR 4.17, 95% CI 2.74 to 6.36).ConclusionYounger adults with dementia may rise the risk of motorcycle crash‐related hospitalizations within 1 year after diagnosis compared to those without dementia, which suggests the reinforcement transport safety in younger adults with dementia is needed.