bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large language models in health care: Development, applications, and challenges
Authors: Yang Rui , Tan Ting Fang , Lu Wei , Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Liu Nan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, the emergence of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI, has attracted significant attention due to its exceptional language comprehension and content generation capabilities, highlighting the immense potential of large language models (LLMs). LLMs have become a burgeoning hotspot across many fields, including health care. Within health care, LLMs may be classified into LLMs for the biomedical domain and LLMs for the clinical domain based on the corpora used for pre‐training. In the last 3 years, these domain‐specific LLMs have demonstrated exceptional performance on multiple natural language processing tasks, surpassing the performance of general LLMs as well. This not only emphasizes the significance of developing dedicated LLMs for the specific domains, but also raises expectations for their applications in health care. We believe that LLMs may be used widely in preconsultation, diagnosis, and management, with appropriate development and supervision. Additionally, LLMs hold tremendous promise in assisting with medical education, medical writing and other related applications. Likewise, health care systems must recognize and address the challenges posed by LLMs.
Speedy activists: How firm response time to sociopolitical events influences consumer behavior
Authors: Nam Jimin , Balakrishnan Maya , De Freitas Julian , Brooks Alison Wood 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganizations face growing pressure from their consumers and stakeholders to take public stances on sociopolitical issues. However, many are hesitant to do so lest they make missteps, promises they cannot keep, appear inauthentic, or alienate consumers, employees, or other stakeholders. Here we investigate consumers' impressions of firms that respond quickly or slowly to sociopolitical events. Using data scraped from Instagram and three online experiments (N = 2452), we find that consumers express more positive sentiment and greater purchasing intentions toward firms that react more quickly to sociopolitical issues. Unlike other types of public firm decision making such as product launch, where careful deliberation can be appreciated, consumers treat firm response time to sociopolitical events as an informative cue of the firm's authentic commitment to the issue. We identify an important boundary condition of this main effect: speedy responses bring limited benefits when the issue is highly divisive along political lines. Our findings bridge extant research on brand activism and communication, and offer practical advice for firms.
Association between history of academic failure during dental school and self‐reported depression, anxiety, and stress: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Garcia Francielli Fernandez , Casarin Maísa , Silva Francisco Hecktheuer , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between history of academic failure (HAF) and self‐reported depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate dental students.MethodsThis study involved 244 dental students from one university. An online questionnaire collected information on the following variables: socioeconomic status, behavior, use of licit/illicit drugs, and the choice of dentistry as an undergraduate field of study. The 21‐item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21) was applied. HAF in at least one subject during a participant's undergraduate tenure was defined as the main outcome. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed for the variable “dentistry as the first choice for undergraduate studies.”ResultsThe prevalence of HAF was 25.00% (n = 61). Among those students, the mean number of academic failures was 5.41 ± 6.38 (range: 1–33). Higher rates of HAF were observed among older and non‐white dental students. Moreover, those who self‐reported at least severe depression presented a 79% higher HAF prevalence ratio (PR) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.15–2.80). Similar findings were detected among those who reported (PR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06–4.46) or did not report (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.10–4.46) interest in dentistry as a first undergraduate option. Conversely, among women and students who did not choose dentistry as their first option, HAF was significantly lower (PR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21–0.80).ConclusionHigher HAF rates are observed in students who are older, non‐white, and self‐report at least severe depression. However, dentistry as a first option for undergraduate studies was not associated with HAF.
Age differences in long‐term mortality among male nonveterans, noncombat veterans, and combat veterans
Authors: Landes Scott D. , Piazza Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch documenting differences in mortality risk across the life course between veterans and nonveterans has not accounted for combat status. To address this gap in the literature, the current study examined differences in long‐term mortality among midlife and older‐adult male nonveterans, noncombat veterans, and combat veterans. Data were drawn from Wave 2 (2004/2005) of the Midlife Development in the United States survey and linked to 2020 mortality data (N = 2,024). Based on interpretation of a veteran‐combat status by age interaction term, compared to nonveterans, noncombat veterans experienced a mortality advantage at younger ages, ORmain effect = 0.12, 95% CI [0.03, 0.54], p = .006, and a mortality disadvantage at older ages, ORinteraction term = 1.06, 95% CI [1.01, 1.05], p = .004, with the crossover occurring at 73.4 years. A similar pattern was present among combat veterans, with the mortality advantage at younger ages not reaching significance, ORmain effect = 0.16; 95% CI [0.02, 1.18], p = .072; a mortality advantage at older ages, ORinteraction term = 1.03, 95% CI [1.00, 1.05], p = .040; and the crossover occurring 4.2 years earlier at 69.2 years. The findings suggest that combat status may accelerate the age‐related mortality disadvantage among veterans. Studies of health and mortality outcomes among veterans should, therefore, account for combat status. When data allow, future studies should confirm whether this pattern is present in nationally representative samples.
Avoiding Medvedev reductions inside a linear order
Authors: Schweber Noah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile every endpointed interval I in a linear order J is, considered as a linear order in its own right, trivially Muchnik‐reducible to J itself, this fails for Medvedev‐reductions. We construct an extreme example of this: a linear order in which no endpointed interval is Medvedev‐reducible to any other, even allowing parameters, except when the two intervals have finite difference. We also construct a scattered linear order which has many endpointed intervals Medvedev‐incomparable to itself; the only other known construction of such a linear order yields an ordinal of extremely high complexity, whereas this construction produces a low‐level‐arithmetic example. Additionally, the constructions here are “coarse” in the sense that they lift to other uniform reducibility notions in place of Medvedev reducibility itself.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 Reduces Helicobacter pylori Adhesion and Inflammation by Inhibiting the Expression of Adhesin and Urease Genes
Authors: Wu Shiying , Xu Yang , Chen Ziqi , Chen Yongqiang , Wei Fangtong , Xia Chenlan , Zhou Qingqing , Li Ping , Gu Qing 
Published: July 2023

ScopeThe present study aims to investigate the anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (L. plantarum ZJ316) both in vitro and in vivo.Methods and resultsThis study finds that L. plantarum ZJ316 effectively suppresses H. pylori adhesion in inhibition (Pre‐ZJ316), competition (Co‐ZJ316), and displacement (Post‐ZJ316) assays, and Pre‐ZJ316 displaying the most potent inhibitory effect with an impressive inhibition ratio of 70.14%. Upon anti‐adhesion, L. plantarum ZJ316 significantly downregulates the expression of H. pylori virulence genes, including ureA, ureB, flaA, and sabA, with inhibition ratios of 46.83%, 24.02%, 21.42%, and 62.38% at 2 h, respectively. In addition, L. plantarum ZJ316 is observed to reduce the level of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and improve cell viability in infected AGS cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that supplementation with L. plantarum ZJ316 effectively hinders H. pylori colonization and significantly suppresses the infiltration of immune cells and IL‐8 production with H. pylori infection, protecting host from inflammatory damage.ConclusionL. plantarum ZJ316 exhibits excellent adhesion inhibition on H. pylori, and may be used as a probiotic candidate in the prevention or adjuvant therapy of gastric disease caused by H. pylori.
Pterostilbene Enhances Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Activating the SIRT1/PGC‐1α/SIRT3 Pathway to Prevent Western Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Lin Shin‐Jhih , Hsu Kai‐Yu , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2023

ScopeSirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1 alpha (SIRT1/PGC‐1α) pathway activation is known to promote thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Pterostilbene (PSB) and pinostilbene (PIN), the methylated analogs of resveratrol, are potential candidates to enhance thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis.Method and resultsA model of Western diet‐induced obesity in mice is designed. Either PSB or PIN is supplemented in the diet for 16 weeks. Both samples can significantly reduce body weight gain but only PSB can decrease inguinal adipose tissue weight. Besides, both samples can promote lipolysis but only PSB supplementation activates the SIRT1/PGC‐1α/SIRT3 pathway to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in the inguinal adipose tissue. In addition, although both samples exert a modulatory effect on gut microbiota but significant increments in fecal isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid are only observed in the PSB group, functioning as gut microbial metabolites.ConclusionOverall, these findings suggest PSB and PIN as potential candidates for the improvement of obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis. With its higher stability, PSB exerts a greater effect than PIN by promoting thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 activation.
Motion‐resolved four‐dimensional abdominal diffusion‐weighted imaging using PROPELLER EPI (4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI)
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Tian , Cai Jing , Chang Hing‐Chiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop a distortion‐free motion‐resolved four‐dimensional diffusion‐weighted PROPELLER EPI (4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI) technique for benefiting clinical abdominal radiotherapy (RT).MethodsAn improved abdominal 4D‐DWI technique based on 2D diffusion‐weighted PROPELLER‐EPI (2D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI), termed 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI, was proposed to improve the frame rate of repeated data acquisition and produce distortion‐free 4D‐DWI images. Since the radial or PROPELLER sampling with golden‐angle rotation can achieve an efficient k‐space coverage with a flexible time‐resolved acquisition, the golden‐angle multi‐blade acquisition was used in the proposed 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI to improve the performance of data sorting. A new k‐space and blade (K‐B) amplitude binning method was developed for the proposed 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI to optimize the number of blades and the k‐space uniformity before performing conventional PROPELLER‐EPI reconstruction, by using two metrics to evaluate the adequacy of the acquired data. The proposed 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI was preliminarily evaluated in both simulation experiments and in vivo experiments with varying frame rates and different numbers of repeated acquisition.ResultsThe feasibility of achieving distortion‐free 4D‐DWI images by using the proposed 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI technique was demonstrated in both digital phantom and healthy subjects. Evaluation of the 4D completeness metrics shows that the K‐B amplitude binning method could simultaneously improve the acquisition efficiency and data reconstruction performance for 4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI.Conclusion4D‐DW‐PROPELLER‐EPI with K‐B amplitude binning is an advanced technique that can provide distortion‐free 4D‐DWI images for resolving respiratory motion, and may benefit the application of image‐guided abdominal RT.
Access to first contact physiotherapy appointments in primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Lamb Kirsten , Comer Christine , Walsh Nicola , McHugh Gretl 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFirst Contact Physiotherapy (FCP) is part of the drive to increase General Practice (GP) capacity by providing access to expert musculoskeletal (MSK) Physiotherapists in GP surgeries. For the FCP model to provide effective MSK care at the start of the patient's journey, it is essential that patients are directed to FCP appointments in a timely manner. It is therefore important to know how patients are accessing FCP appointments.ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the literature regarding patient access to FCP appointments.DesignScoping review.MethodsWe reviewed studies published from January 2016 to May 2023 that focused on FCP and made a mention of patient access to FCP appointments. A search was performed using six databases as well as grey literature sources. Study selection and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers. Extracted data were tabulated and analysed according to our research questions.ResultsFrom 186 records identified, 24 studies and other materials were included in the review. A variety of terms were used to describe access routes to FCP appointments, the most common being ‘signposting’. These studies suggest the importance of the role of GP reception/administrative staff in enabling efficient patient access to FCP appointments.ConclusionThere is a clear gap in the literature concerning how patients access FCP appointments. Since the importance of appropriate access is acknowledged as an essential feature of the expansion of FCP in Primary Care, future research is needed to refine and implement optimal FCP access models by identifying the key components needed to ensure timely and appropriate access to FCP.
Rawls in the mangrove: Perceptions of justice in nature‐based solutions projects
Authors: Huxham Mark , Kairu Anne , Lang'at Joseph K. , Kivugo Rahma , Mwafrica Mwanarusi , Huff Amber , Shilland Robyn 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Adapting to and mitigating against climate change requires the protection and expansion of natural carbon sinks, especially ecosystems with exceptional carbon density such as mangrove forests (an example of ‘blue carbon’). Projects that do this are called ‘nature‐based solutions’ (NbS).

International norms regulating NbS stipulate the importance of justice, in contrast with some of the history and practice in wider conservation. However, what justice means and how it manifests in practice remain contentious.

Selling carbon credits on the voluntary market is a growing source of funding for NbS. A large literature examines the ethics, economics, science and politics of such payments for ecosystem services (PES), including for blue carbon. The interpretations of justice in this context are particularly contentious, but operational blue carbon projects have not been examined from a justice perspective.

Here we report on a case study involving the first blue carbon project, Mikoko Pamoja, and its sister project Vanga Blue Forest, both based in Kenya. We consider how justice is conceived by local participants and beneficiaries, using interviews, focus groups and participant observation to collect data, as well as by international stakeholders and in relevant governing documents and policy. We compare these perceptions with expectations and critiques derived a priori from the literature, including a classic thought experiment that influential justice philosopher John Rawls called the ‘original position’.

In contrast to high‐level policy and much of the literature, but in common with Rawls, local stakeholders emphasised distributional aspects of justice. Locally situated interpretations of contentious issues such as elite capture and commodification differed markedly from common interpretations in the literature.

Our work emphasises the importance of situating abstract concepts in their local contexts when evaluating justice in NbS projects. It shows how narratives advocating technical precision and economic efficiency in NbS can militate against transparency and agency at a local level and emphasises the critical importance of benefit sharing that is perceived to be fair.

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Improved organ sparing using auto‐planned Stanford volumetric modulated arc therapy for total body irradiation technique
Authors: Ngo Nicholas , Blomain Erik S. , Simiele Eric , Romero Ignacio , Hoppe Richard T. , Hiniker Susan M. , Kovalchuk Nataliya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTo evaluate dosimetric differences between auto‐planned volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) total body irradiation (TBI) technique and two‐dimensional radiotherapy using anterior‐posterial/posterio‐anterial beams (2D AP/PA) TBI technique.MethodsTen pediatric patients treated with VMAT‐TBI on Varian c‐arm linac were included in this study. VMAT‐TBI plans were generated using our in‐house developed and publicly shared auto‐planning scripts. For each VMAT‐TBI plan, a 2D AP/PA plan was created replicating the institution's clinical setup with the patient positioned at extended source to skin distance (SSD) with a compensator to account for differences in patient thickness, 50% transmission daily lung blocks, and electron chest wall boosts prescribed to 50% of the photon prescription. Clinically relevant metrics were analyzed and compared between the VMAT and 2D plans.ResultsAll VMAT‐TBI plans achieved planned target volume (PTV) D90% ≥ 100% of prescription. VMAT‐TBI PTV D90% significantly increased (7.1% ± 2.9%, p < .001) compared to the 2D technique, whereas no differences were observed in global Dmax (p < .2) and PTV V110% (p < .4). Compared to the 2D plans, significant decreases in the Dmean to the lungs (−25.6% ± 11.5%, p < .001) and lungs‐1 cm (−34.1% ± 10.1%, p < .001) were observed with the VMAT plans. The VMAT technique also enabled decrease of dose to other organs: kidneys Dmean (−32.5% ± 5.0%, p < .001) and lenses Dmax (−5.3% ± 8.1%, p = .03); and in addition, for 2 Gy prescription: testes/ovaries Dmean (−41.5% ± 11.5%, p < .001), brain Dmean (−22.6% ± 5.4%, p = .002), and thyroid Dmean (−18.2% ± 16.0%, p = .03).ConclusionsSuperior lung sparing with improved target coverage and similar global Dmax were observed with the VMAT plans as compared to 2D plans. In addition, VMAT‐TBI plans provided greater dose reductions in gonads, kidneys, brain, thyroid, and lenses.
Experimental investigation of impact resistance and compression behavior of CF/PEEK laminates after hot‐press fusion repair with different stacking sequences
Authors: Liu Ankang , Zou Yajun , Chen Yunlong , Hu Jiqiang , Wang Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnidirectional fiber‐reinforced composite laminates have limited resistance to out‐of‐plane impact and are prone to structural integrity damage during service due to low‐velocity impact (LVI). In this study, the hot‐press fusion method was employed to repair the impact‐damaged unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (CF/PEEK) thermoplastic composites. No delamination or matrix cracking induced by impact was observed in the repaired specimens, as confirmed by ultrasonic scanning and digital microscope. In addition, the hot pressing treatment enables the fibers to be covered again by the resin matrix, which eliminates fiber pull‐out and fiber/matrix debonding. Afterward, typical responses of CF/PEEK composite laminates to re‐impact and post‐repair compression are presented in a comprehensive and detailed manner, and compared with the initial impact response and compression after impact (CAI) behavior. The effects of three impact energies and two stacking sequences are considered. The results indicate that quasi‐isotropic laminates are more susceptible to localized fracture damage upon re‐impact as the impact energy increases, due to initial fiber breakage, compared to orthotropic laminates. The hot‐press treatment enhances the compression residual strength of the specimen by 20%–30% compared to its state before repair. These studies offer technical insights into the application of the hot‐press fusion method to enhance the mechanical properties of composite laminates post impact damage.
Glycogen storage disease type I: Genetic etiology, clinical manifestations, and conventional and gene therapies
Authors: Zhong Jiamin , Gou Yannian , Zhao Piao , Dong Xiangyu , Guo Meichun , Li Aohua , Hao Ailing , Luu Hue H. , He Tong‐Chuan , Reid Russell R. , Fan Jiaming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of enzymes or proteins involved in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, resulting in excessive intracellular glycogen accumulation. While GSDI is classified into four different subtypes based on molecular genetic variants, GSDIa accounts for approximately 80%. GSDIa and GSDIb are autosomal recessive disorders caused by deficiencies in glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase‐α) and glucose‐6‐phosphate‐transporter (G6PT), respectively. For the past 50 years, the care of patients with GSDI has been improved following elaborate dietary managements. GSDI patients currently receive dietary therapies that enable patients to improve hypoglycemia and alleviate early symptomatic signs of the disease. However, dietary therapies have many limitations with a risk of calcium, vitamin D, and iron deficiency and cannot prevent long‐term complications, such as progressive liver and renal failure. With the deepening understanding of the pathogenesis of GSDI and the development of gene therapy technology, there is great progress in the treatment of GSDI. Here, we review the underlying molecular genetics and the current clinical management strategies of GSDI patients with an emphasis on promising experimental gene therapies.
Microwave heating and devolatilization characteristics of polyethylene particles in a fixed‐bed devolatilizer
Authors: Wu Dan , Huang Zhengliang , Yang Yao , Shuai Yun , Ren Congjing , Sun Jingyuan , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new method of microwave‐enhanced devolatilization has been proposed to solve the problem that volatiles of polyethylene particles are difficult to remove. Using water as microwave susceptor in a fixed‐bed devolatilizer, microwave heating characteristics were studied by optical fiber thermometry and infrared thermal imaging, and particle devolatilization characteristics were investigated by headspace gas chromatography. The results showed that bed temperature rose and particle devolatilization efficiency increased with heating time, moisture content, and input microwave power. The non‐uniform devolatilization at different positions existed due to the non‐uniform distribution of bed temperature in both radial and axial directions. The effective diffusion coefficient of volatiles under microwave irradiation increased with moisture content and input microwave power, and the microwave‐enhanced coefficient of water also increased with input microwave power. Microwave heating and devolatilization mechanism of moist polyethylene particles were proposed, in which the modes of mass and energy transfer were clarified. In view of the above, the feasibility of microwave‐enhanced polyethylene devolatilization has been confirmed.