bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular lens tilt and decentration after cataract surgery with and without primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis
Authors: Liu Xiaobao , Yu Mengting , Huang Yue , Li Qiong , Wu Wenjie 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration and their effects on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after cataract surgery with and without primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC).

Setting:
Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China.

Design:
Prospective, intraindividual, randomized, comparative clinical trial.

Methods:
64 eyes of 32 patients with age-related cataract who underwent bilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were enrolled in this study. In randomized order, all patients had phacoemulsification cataract surgery with PPCCC in 1 eye (PPCCC group) and routine cataract surgery in the contralateral eye (NPCCC group). IOL decentration, tilt, HOAs, modulation transfer function, and point spread function were measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery using OPD-Scan III.

Results:
52 eyes of 26 patients were available for analysis. The mean overall decentration in the NPCCC group was significantly higher than in the PPCCC group at 3 months (0.302 ± 0.157 mm vs 0.187 ± 0.099 mm, P < .001). Under 3 mm pupil, internal spherical aberration (SA) 1 day after surgery and coma 1 week after surgery were lower in the PPCCC group compared with the NPCCC group (0.15 ± 0.10 μm vs 0.30 ± 0.21 μm, P < .001, and 0.34 ± 0.18 μm vs 0.47 ± 0.31 μm, P = .03, respectively). IOL decentration was significantly correlated with ocular and internal coma, ocular and internal SA, and internal HOAs at 5 mm pupil (R = 0.083 and R = 0.099, R = 0.650 and R = 0.613, and R = 0.418, respectively, all P < .01).

Conclusions:
Less IOL decentration was observed in the PPCCC group at 3 months after surgery, indicating that PPCCC may result in better IOL centrality.
The Influence of Informal Caregivers' Preparedness on Psychological Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Patients With Heart Failure And Insufficient Self-care
Authors: Su Yue , Cheng Ming , Zhu Chenya , Ge Yingying , Ke Yufei , Shi Yixing , Luo Meiling , Gu Xi , Ge Yutong , Ma Tianyu , Chi Meixuan , Wang Naijuan , Hou Yunying 
Published: February 2023

Background
Most patients with heart failure find self-care difficult to perform and rely on family caregivers for support. Informal caregivers, however, often face insufficient psychological preparation and challenges in providing long-term care. Insufficient caregiver preparedness not only results in psychological burden for the informal caregivers but may also lead to a decline in caregiver contributions to patient self-care that affects patient outcomes.

Objective
Our objective was to test (1) the association of baseline informal caregivers' preparedness with psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression) and quality of life 3 months after baseline among patients with insufficient self-care and (2) the mediating effects of caregivers' contributions to self-care of heart failure (CC-SCHF) on the relationship of caregivers' preparedness with patients' outcomes at 3 months.

Methods
A longitudinal design was used to collect data between September 2020 and January 2022 in China. Data analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, correlations, and linear mixed models. We used model 4 of the PROCESS program in SPSS with bootstrap testing to evaluate the mediating effect of CC-SCHF of informal caregivers' preparedness at baseline with psychological symptoms or quality of life among patients with HF 3 months later.

Results
Caregiver preparedness was positively associated with CC-SCHF maintenance (r = 0.685, P < .01), CC-SCHF management (r = 0.403, P < .01), and CC-SCHF confidence (r = 0.600, P < .01). Good caregiver preparedness directly predicted lower psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression) and higher quality of life for patients with insufficient self-care. The associations of caregiver preparedness with short-term quality of life and depression of patients with HF with insufficient self-care were mediated by CC-SCHF management.

Conclusions
Enhancing the preparedness of informal caregivers may improve psychological symptoms and quality of life of heart failure patients with insufficient self-care.
Aggressive Incidents by Incarcerated People With Psychiatric Illness and Their Relationship With Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: van Beek Janneke , Meijers Jesse , Scherder Erik J. A. , Harte Joke M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim
A prospective design was used to investigate the relationship of current psychiatric symptoms of incarcerated people with serious mental illness (SMI) and aggressive behavior on a penitentiary ward for crisis intervention.

Methods
One hundred sixty detainees with SMI, detained in a high-security penitentiary psychiatric facility, were screened every 2 weeks with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Extended (BPRS-E) by trained clinicians, to ensure that the data on psychiatric symptoms were up-to-date. Aggressive behavior was registered with the Staff Observation Aggression Scale–Revised. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between factor scores of the BPRS-E and aggressive behavior.

Results
Significant relationships between the BPRS-E factor hostility, antisocial traits, and aggressive incidents were found, but not between the positive symptoms or manic factor scores and aggressive incidents.

Discussion
Symptoms of SMI measured with the BPRS-E did not help to explain the occurrence of aggressive behavior. This is not in line with what is commonly found. The implication is that it can be expected that this population will display aggressive behavior but that symptoms do not help in predicting when this will occur. In addition, hostility and antisocial traits were related to aggressive behavior. For this specific population, an interactional approach might be more effective in the management of aggression than treatment of symptoms of SMI.
Helping patients with substance use disorder: The nurse practitioner role in access to treatment
Authors: Bressan John , Kenig Kathryn Chenin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Over 21 million people in the United States require substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, less than 4 million people receive treatment. The surge of deaths due to opioid overdose requires aggressive public health interventions. This article will describe the role of the hospital emergency department (ED), not simply in emergency treatment of overdose but as a provider of care for underlying addiction and as a catalyst for change in our approach to drug use as a society. It has been found that EDs and hospitals serve as an important point for initiating treatment for SUDs. It is important to provide equitable access to care because the ED serves as an important access point for those with socioeconomic disadvantages. This article presents case studies and the nurse practitioner role in providing medication for addiction and treatment in the ED while also addressing misconceptions about treatment.
A Pilot Study of a Screening Program for Human Papillomavirus–Related Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion and Malignancy in Gynecologic Oncology Patients
Authors: Watson Catherine H. , Spinosa Daniel , Hayes Taylor , Scott Amelia , Jackson Louise , Thacker Julie K. , Sherman Karen L. , Moss Haley A. , Havrilesky Laura J. , McNally J. Leah 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Human papillomavirus (HPV)–related squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or malignancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of second-site SIL or malignancy. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of concurrent anal, cervical, and vulvovaginal screening in patients with a history of HPV-related gynecologic high-grade SIL or malignancy. The secondary objective was to assess subjects' knowledge regarding HPV screening and risks.

Methods
Women with high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal SIL or malignancy were enrolled during a 1-year pilot period. Subjects with cervical SIL or malignancy underwent vulvar examination and anoscopy. Subjects with vulvovaginal SIL or malignancy underwent Pap test if indicated and anoscopy. Appropriate referrals were made for abnormal findings. Feasibility was assessed by compliance using study acceptance rate, screening procedure adherence, and referral adherence. Acceptability was assessed using a Likert-scaled question after completion of screening procedures.

Results
One hundred three women with a diagnosis of high-grade vulvovaginal or cervical SIL or carcinoma were approached regarding study enrollment; of these, 74 (71.8%) enrolled. The median score on the HPV knowledge assessment was 8.1 ± 1.6 (max score 10). Seventy-three (98.6%) of 74 patients rated the screening procedures as acceptable (score of 5/5). On examination, 14 (18.9%) subjects had abnormalities noted; 7 (9.5%) were referred for colorectal surgical evaluation, and 6/7 (85.7%) were compliant with their referral appointments.

Conclusions
Screening examinations for other HPV-related SILs and malignancies, including Pap tests, vulvovaginal inspection, and anoscopy, are acceptable to patients, with abnormal findings in almost 1 in 5 women.
Cervicocerebral Computed Tomography Angiography for Older Patients Based on Time to Peak and Number of Time Points to Peak in the Test Bolus Technique
Authors: Zeng Yuli , He Rong , Ren Yong , Che Yilei , Wang Guiliang 
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study sought to optimize image quality and reduce the contrast dose by adjusting contrast agent and normal saline doses used in cervicocerebral computed tomography angiography (CTA) of older patients.

Methods
Older patients who underwent cervicocerebral CTA were divided into group A (n = 110) and group B (n = 124). In the angiography scan, patients in group A were injected with 1.0 mL/kg contrast agent, followed by 40 mL saline chaser. In group B, contrast agent and normal saline doses were adjusted based on time to peak and number of time points to peak in the test bolus technique. The CT attenuation values, noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio of target arteries and the right transverse sinus were objectively compared.

Results
Compared with group A, the contrast retention and artifacts in the right subclavian vein, right brachiocephalic veins, and superior vena cava were significantly decreased in group B. Furthermore, in group B, the noise at the bifurcation of the right common carotid artery increased by 1.7%, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the left middle cerebral artery M1 segment decreased by 6.6%. The contrast dose in group B decreased significantly (18.2%) as compared with group A.

Conclusion
Based on time to peak and number of time points to peak with the test bolus, adjusting contrast and normal saline doses in cervicocerebral CTA for older people reduces contrast retention and artifacts in the veins of the injection side. Further, it also decreases the contrast dose needed to obtain image quality that satisfies diagnostic requirements.
Conservation measures or hotspots of disease transmission? Agri-environment schemes can reduce disease prevalence in pollinator communities
Authors: Manley Robyn , Doublet Vincent , Wright Owen N. , Doyle Toby , Refoy Isobel , Hedges Sophie , Pascall David , Carvell Claire , Brown Mark J. F. , Wilfert Lena 
Published: February 2023

Insects are under pressure from agricultural intensification. To protect pollinators, conservation measures such as the EU agri-environment schemes (AES) promote planting wildflowers along fields. However, this can potentially alter disease ecology by serving as transmission hubs or by diluting infections. We tested this by measuring plant–pollinator interactions and virus infections (DWV-A, DWV-B and ABPV) across pollinator communities in agricultural landscapes over a year. AES had a direct effect on DWV-B, reducing prevalence and load in honeybees, with a tentative general dilution effect on load in early summer. DWV-A prevalence was reduced both under AES and with increasing niche overlap between competent hosts, likely via a dilution effect. By contrast, AES had no impact on ABPV, its prevalence driven by the proportion of bumblebees in the community. Epidemiological differences were also reflected in the virus phylogenies, with DWV-B showing recent rapid expansion, while DWV-A and ABPV showed slower growth rates and geographical population structure. Phylogenies indicate that all three viruses freely circulate across their host populations. Our study illustrates how complex interactions between environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors may influence wildlife disease dynamics. Supporting pollinator nutrition can mitigate the transmission of important bee diseases, providing an unexpected boost to pollinator conservation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world’.
Out of the ‘host’ box: extreme off-host conditions alter the infectivity and virulence of a parasitic bacterium
Authors: Marcus Enav , Dagan Tal , Asli Weaam , Ben-Ami Frida 
Published: February 2023

Disease agents play an important role in the ecology and life history of wild and cultivated populations and communities. While most studies focus on the adaptation of parasites to their hosts, the adaptation of free-living parasite stages to their external (off-host) environment may tell us a lot about the factors that shape the distribution of parasites.Pasteuria ramosais an endoparasitic bacterium of the water fleaDaphniawith a wide geographical distribution. Its transmission stages rest outside of the host and thus experience varying environmental regimes. We examined the life history ofP. ramosapopulations from four environmental conditions (i.e. groups of habitats): the factorial combinations of summer-dry water bodies or not, and winter-freeze water bodies or not. Our goal was to examine how the combination of winter temperature and summer dryness affects the parasite's ability to attach to its host and to infect it. We subjected samples of the four groups of habitats to temperatures of 20, 33, 46 and 60°C in dry and wet conditions, and exposed a susceptible clone ofDaphnia magnato the treated spores. We found that spores which had undergone desiccation endured higher temperatures better than spores kept wet, both regarding attachment and subsequent infection. Furthermore, spores treated with heightened temperatures were much less infective and virulent. Even under high temperatures (60°C), exposed spores from all populations were able to attach to the host cuticle, albeit they were unable to establish infection. Our work highlights the sensitivity of a host-free resting stage of a bacterial parasite to the external environment. Long heatwaves and harsh summers, which are becoming more frequent owing to recent climate changes, may therefore pose a problem for parasite survival.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world’.
B3GALT6 Promotes Dormant Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Recurrence by Enabling Heparan Sulfate-Mediated FGF Signaling
Authors: Sreekumar Amulya , Lu Michelle , Choudhury Biswa , Pan Tien-chi , Pant Dhruv K. , Sterner Christopher J. , Belka George K. , Toriumi Takashi , Benz Brian , Escobar-Aguirre Matias , Marino Francesco E. , Esko Jeffrey D. , Chodosh Lewis A. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBreast cancer mortality results primarily from incurable recurrent tumors seeded by dormant, therapy-refractory residual tumor cells (RTCs). Understanding the mechanisms enabling dormant RTC survival is therefore essential for improving patient outcomes. We derived a dormancy-associated RTC signature that mirrors the transcriptional response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients and is enriched for extracellular matrix-related pathways. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening of dormancy-associated candidate genes identified the galactosyltransferase B3GALT6 as a functional regulator of RTC fitness. B3GALT6 covalently attaches glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to proteins to generate proteoglycans and its germline loss-of-function causes skeletal dysplasias. We determined that B3GALT6-mediated biosynthesis of the GAG heparan sulfate predicts poor patient outcomes, promotes tumor recurrence by enhancing dormant RTC survival in multiple contexts, and does so via a B3GALT6-heparan sulfate/HS6ST1-heparan 6-O-sulfation/FGF1-FGFR2 signaling axis. These findings identify a role for B3GALT6 in cancer and suggest targeting FGF signaling as a novel approach to preventing recurrence by eradicating dormant RTCs.
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Highly Pathogenic A/H5N1 Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Chile, 2022
Authors: Jimenez-Bluhm Pedro , Siegers Jurre Y. , Tan Shaoyuan , Sharp Bridgett , Freiden Pamela , Orozco Katherinne , Ruiz Soledad , Baumberger Cecilia , Galdames Pablo , Gonzalez Maria Antonieta , Rojas Camila , Karlsson Erik A. , Hamilton-West Christopher , Schultz-Cherry Stacey 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTSince the emergence of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage in China in 1996, these viruses have spread globally. This includes the recent introduction of the Gs/GD lineage 2.3.4.4b in the Americas in 2021, which has affected both wild and domestic bird populations causing high mortality. Since November 2022, reports of mortality in wild birds in numerous South American countries along the Pacific Migratory Flyway have been attributed to this lineage. Through an ongoing longitudinal avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance, we determined that AIV prevalence remained below 1% in the Lluta river wetland from August through October 2022. However, there was a significant increase in prevalence to 2.6% and 11.7% in November and December respectively, coinciding with the arrival of migratory birds from the Northern Hemisphere. Of the AIV RT-qPCR positive environmental feces samples 7 were identified as A/H5. Sequencing of the COI gene demonstrated that the H5 positive samples were obtained from Peruvian pelican (n=1), Franklin’s gull (n=1), Gray gull (n=1), Elegant tern (n=2) and Black skimmer (n=2). Full genomes were obtained from 3 samples and the putative cleavage site composition of the HA was polybasic REKRRKR/GLF for all. Phylogenetic analysis of the samples revealed them to belong to the H5 2.3.4.4b clade, closely related to isolates obtained in Peru in late November. The emergence of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b in South America has an immediate impact on public health, animal production and wildlife, hence increased active surveillance is warranted.
McrD binds asymmetrically to methyl-coenzyme M reductase improving active site accessibility during assembly
Authors: Chadwick Grayson L. , Joiner Aaron M.N. , Ramesh Sangeetha , Mitchell Douglas A. , Nayak Dipti D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMethyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) catalyzes the formation of methane and its activity accounts for nearly all biologically produced methane released into the atmosphere. The assembly of MCR is an intricate process involving the installation of a complex set of post-translational modifications and the unique Ni porphyrin cofactor F430. Despite decades of research, details of MCR assembly remain largely unresolved. Here, we report the structural characterization of MCR in two intermediate states of assembly. These intermediate states lack one or both F430cofactors and form complexes with the previously uncharacterized McrD protein. McrD is found to bind asymmetrically to MCR, displacing large regions of the alpha subunit and increasing active site accessibility for the installation of F430—shedding light on the assembly of MCR and the role of McrD therein. This work offers crucial information for the expression of MCR in a heterologous host and provides new targets for the design of MCR inhibitors.One-sentence summaryStructural characterization of methyl-coenzyme M reductase assembly intermediates.
The skin microbiome enhances disease through IL-1b and delays healing in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Farias Amorim Camila , Lovins Victoria M. , Singh Tej Pratap , Novais Fernanda O. , Harris Jordan C. , Lago Alexsandro S. , Carvalho Lucas P. , Carvalho Edgar M. , Beiting Daniel P. , Scott Phillip , Grice Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYLeishmania braziliensisinfection results in inflammation and skin injury, with highly variable and unpredictable clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated the potential impact of microbiota on infection-induced inflammatory responses and disease resolution by conducting an integrated analysis of the skin microbiome and host transcriptome on a cohort of 62L. braziliensis-infected patients. We found that overall bacterial burden and microbiome configurations dominated withStaphylococcusspp. were associated with delayed healing and enhanced inflammatory responses, especially by IL-1 family members. Dual RNA-seq of human lesions revealed that high lesionalS. aureustranscript abundance was associated with delayed healing and increased expression of IL-1β. This cytokine was critical for modulating disease outcome inL. braziliensis-infected mice colonized withS. aureus, as its neutralization reduced pathology and inflammation. These results implicate the microbiome in cutaneous leishmaniasis disease outcomes in humans and suggest host-directed therapies to mitigate the inflammatory consequences.
Aberrant perception of environmental volatility during social learning in emerging psychosis
Authors: Hauke Daniel J. , Wobmann Michelle , Andreou Christina , Mackintosh Amatya , de Bock Renate , Karvelis Povilas , Adams Rick A. , Sterzer Philipp , Borgwardt Stefan , Roth Volker , Diaconescu Andreea O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParanoid delusions or unfounded beliefs that others intend to deliberately cause harm are a frequent and burdensome symptom in early psychosis, but their emergence and consolidation still remains opaque. Recent theories suggest that aberrant prediction errors lead to a brittle model of the world providing a breeding ground for delusions. Here, we employ a Bayesian approach to test for a more unstable model of the world and investigate the computational mechanisms underlying emerging paranoia.We modelled behaviour of 18 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 19 individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and 19 healthy controls (HC) during an advice-taking task, designed to probe learning about others’ changing intentions. We formulated competing hypotheses comparing the standard Hierarchical Gaussian Filter (HGF), a Bayesian belief updating scheme, with a mean-reverting HGF to model an altered perception of volatility.There was a significant group-by-volatility interaction on advice-taking suggesting that CHR-P and FEP displayed reduced adaptability to environmental volatility. Model comparison favored the standard HGF in HC, but the mean-reverting HGF in CHR-P and FEP in line with perceiving increased volatility, although model attributions in CHR-P were heterogeneous. We observed correlations between shifts in perceived volatility and positive symptoms generally as well as with frequency of paranoid delusions specifically.Our results suggest that FEP are characterised by a different computational mechanism – perceiving the environment as increasingly volatile – in line with Bayesian accounts of psychosis. This approach may prove useful to investigate heterogeneity in CHR-P and identify vulnerability for transition to psychosis.