bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the response of Japanese quail to arginine intake
Authors: Sousa Manoela , Lima Michele , Vieira Rita Brito , Pavanini Jaqueline , Peruzzi Nelson José , Raimundo Erikson , Santos Daniel , Silva Edney 
Published: December 2022

Background
Understanding how Japanese quails respond to arginine intake has been an objective that previous studies have not fulfilled. The main responses to be quantified include the arginine requirement for maintenance (mg/kg0.67) and egg mass production (mg/g). Quantifying maintenance and production relationships are essential steps for predicting animal response. The current study aimed to describe how quails respond to arginine intake and determine arginine requirements for maintenance and egg production in Japanese quails.

Methods
The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and seven replicates with individual birds as experimental units. The arginine levels were: 2.43, 3.64, 4.85, 6.07, 9.07, 12.13, and 14.56 g/kg. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The variables analyzed were daily arginine intake, daily arginine deposition in eggs, and body weight. The data were analyzed using a mixed model, with the experimental unit being the random effect and the experimental levels of arginine as a fixed effect. When the effect of arginine levels was detected (P ≤ 0.05), saturation kinetics and an exponential model with four parameters (monomolecular) were adopted. ANOVA results indicated that dietary arginine levels significantly affected (P < 0.01) the analyzed variables. The formulation strategy of the experimental diets allowed amplitude in the dietary arginine levels, and according to bird responses, arginine was the limiting nutrient.

Results
The arginine requirement for body weight maintenance (BW0.67) was estimated to be 90 mg/kg BW0.67 by the monomolecular function. The requirement for egg mass (EM) production was estimated to be 25 mg/g per egg. A factorial model was parameterized as follows: daily arginine intake mg/bird = 90 × BW0.67 + 25 × EM ± 12 mg. The model was applied to data obtained from literature, and the resultant error was within the expected limit of 12 mg. The recommended daily arginine intake for the daily production of 11 g of egg and 180 g of BW was determined to be 304 mg/bird. The current study provides procedures that researchers can easily adopt.
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Ficus capensis Stem Bark
Authors: Isah Abdulrahman Adamu , Amagbor Stella Chinelo , Halilu Mshelia Emmanuel , Zauro Sirajo Abubakar , Nata’ala Muhammad Kabiru , Bilyaminu Abdullahi 
Published: December 2022

Ficus capensis (farin baure) has wide application in traditional medicine especially in the Northan part of Nigeria in the treatment and management of diarrhoea and digestive distress. This is attributed to the presence of many biologically active compounds in their different parts. In this study, stem bark of F. capensis was extracted with four (4) solvents of different polarities ranging from non-polar, moderately polar to polar. Qualitative phytochemical screening of these extracts was conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed that only alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates were detected from the n-hexane (non-polar) extract of F. capensis while the chloroform and ethyl acetate (moderately polar solvents) and methanol (polar solvent) extracts showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and proteins. But anthraquinones were not detected in all the extracts.
Antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated using clinical isolates of four different bacteria and fungi each. Different concentration of extracts was prepared and activity was measured using zone of inhibition in millimetres (mm). Methanol extracts showed activities against E. coli with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm and 14 mm; B. subtilis with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm and 15 mm all for 10, 20, 25 and 30% concentration of extracts respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus (12 mm, 14 mm), E. coli (12 mm, 14 mm), P. aeruginosa (14 mm, 12 mm) and B. subtilis (12 mm, 16 mm) respectively for 20% concentration of the extracts. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed considerable antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fungatus. But the n-hexane extract did not show any reasonable antibacterial and no antifungal activities.
Usos não contraceptivos dos fármacos anticoncepcionais hormonais
Authors: Oliveira Maisa Lucena , Oliveira Fernando de Sousa 
Published: December 2022

Introdução: Os anticoncepcionais hormonais são fármacos constituídos por hormônios, geralmente combinados, estrogênio e progestogênio, ou apenas progestogênio. Devido às propriedades características desses hormônios, são também responsáveis por diversos efeitos colaterais, o que tem levado a uma evolução contínua das formulações e tem-se observado vários benefícios não contraceptivos à saúde da mulher. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa revisão foi analisar os usos não contraceptivos dos anticoncepcionais hormonais, evidenciando sua eficácia e segurança. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada em bases de dados eletrônicos e portais de busca, priorizando materiais publicados na faixa anual de 2008 a 2018, sendo encontrados 332 e utilizados 148 materiais de estudo. Resultados: Esses fármacos tem sido uma alternativa eficaz de tratamento da síndrome do ovário policístico, uma vez que reduzem os androgênios circulantes e induzem a melhora dos sintomas como acne, irregularidade menstrual e dismenorreia. Estão associados ao tratamento da endometriose e à menor incidência de câncer de ovário, exercendo um efeito protetor durante anos, até mesmo após a interrupção. Conclusão: Assim, os anticoncepcionais hormonais têm representado uma nova proposta terapêutica simples, segura e eficaz, e seus benefícios ultrapassam os riscos associados, proporcionando uma terapia adequada e individualizada para cada mulher. Non-contraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptive drugs: a review
Management Challenges in Patients Younger Than 65 Years With Severe Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Baman Jayson R. , Medhekar Ankit N. , Malaisrie S. Chris , McCarthy Patrick , Davidson Charles J. , Bonow Robert O. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe management of aortic valve disease, including aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation (AR), in younger adult patients (age &amp;lt;65 years) is complex, and the optimal strategy is often unclear, contingent on multiple anatomic and holistic factors.ObservationsTraditional surgical approaches carry significant considerations, including compulsory lifelong anticoagulation for patients who receive a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) and the risk of structural valvular deterioration and need for subsequent valve intervention in those who receive a bioprosthetic AVR. These factors are magnified in young adults who are considering pregnancy, for whom issues of anticoagulation and valve longevity are heightened. The Ross procedure has emerged as a promising alternative; however, its adoption is limited to highly specialized centers. Valve repair is an option for selected patients with AR. These treatment options offer varying degrees of durability and are associated with different risks and complications, especially for younger adult patients. Patient-centered care from a multidisciplinary valve team allows for discussion of the optimal timing of intervention and the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment options.Conclusions and RelevanceThe management of severe aortic valve disease in adults younger than 65 years is complex, and there are numerous considerations with each management decision. While mechanical AVR and bioprosthetic AVR have historically been the standards of care, other options are emerging for selected patients but are not yet generalizable beyond specialized surgical centers. A detailed discussion by members of the multidisciplinary heart team and the patient is an integral part of the shared decision-making process.
Association of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Risks With Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Lee Solam , Lee Ju Yeong , Ju Hyun Jeong , Lee Ji Hae , Koh Sang Baek , Bae Jung Min , Han Ju Hee 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis. Few studies have evaluated the mortality outcomes of patients with PG.ObjectiveTo investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with PG.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective population-based cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea and the National Death Registry of Korea from patients with incident PG (≥3 documented visits with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code of L88) during January 2003 to December 2019. For comparison, a 1:20 cohort of age-, sex-, insurance type–, and income level–matched controls without any documented visit with an ICD-10 code of L88 during the entire observation was included.ExposuresPyoderma gangrenosum.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe participants were observed from the index date to their death, emigration, or the end of the observation period to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the 17-year study period.ResultsIn total, 3386 patients with PG (1450 women [42.8%]; mean [SD] age, 57.8 [16.4] years) and 67 720 controls (29 000 women [42.8%]; mean [SD] age, 57.8 [16.3] years) were analyzed. All-cause mortality risk was greater in patients with PG than in controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.122; 95% CI, 1.971-2.285) after adjustment for smoking, drinking, body mass index, and comorbidities. Patients experienced greater mortality of infectious disease (aHR, 3.855; 95% CI, 2.640-5.628), neoplasm (aHR, 1.618; 95% CI, 1.363-1.920), hematologic disease (aHR, 12.298; 95% CI, 3.904-38.734), endocrine disease (aHR, 6.322; 95% CI, 5.026-7.953), neurologic disease (aHR, 2.039; 95% CI, 1.337-3.109), cardiovascular disease (aHR, 1.979; 95% CI, 1.645-2.382), respiratory disease (aHR, 1.757; 95% CI, 1.365-2.263), gastrointestinal disease (aHR, 2.278; 95% CI, 1.522-3.408), connective tissue disease (aHR, 8.685; 95% CI, 4.963-15.199), and kidney/urogenital disease (aHR, 3.617; 95% CI, 2.488-5.259) than controls. Compared with idiopathic PG (aHR, 2.062; 95% CI, 1.897-2.241), PG that was associated with solid organ cancer (aHR, 2.313; 95% CI, 1.956-2.737) and hematologic cancer (aHR, 8.330; 95% CI, 5.473-12.679) showed greater mortality, whereas PG that was associated with inflammatory bowel diseases showed a slightly better prognosis (aHR, 1.742; 95% CI, 0.964-3.148).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that patients with PG had a higher all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk than the general population.
Pristine Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Composites for Renewable Hydrogen Energy Applications
Authors: Paitandi Rajendra Prasad , Wan Yinji , Aftab Waseem , Zhong Ruiqin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal multifunctional platforms for renewable hydrogen (H2) energy applications owing to their tunable chemical compositions and structures and high porosity. Their advanced component species and porous structure contribute greatly to the enhanced activity, electrical conductivity, photo response, charge‐hole separation efficiency, and structural stability of MOF materials, which are promising for practical H2economy. In this review, we mainly introduce design strategies for the enhancement of electro‐/photochemical behaviors or adsorption performance of porous MOF materials for H2production, storage, and utilization from compositional perspective. Following these engineering strategies, the correlation between composition and property‐structure‐performance of pristine MOFs and their composite with advanced components is illustrated. Finally, challenges and directions of future development of related MOFs and MOF composites for H2economy are provided.
Engineering Active Iron Sites on Nanoporous Bimetal Phosphide/Nitride Heterostructure Array Enabling Robust Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Mo Yuxue , Yu Fang , Liao Liling , Yong Xinru , Zhang Fangming , Li Dongyang , Zhou Qian , Sheng Tian , Zhou Haiqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis is a commercially viable technology for green H2 production using renewable electricity from intermittent solar or wind energy, but very few non‐noble bifunctional catalysts simultaneously exhibit superb catalytic efficiency and stability at large current densities for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively), especially for iron‐based catalysts. Given that iron is the most abundant and least expensive transition metal, iron‐based compounds are very attractive low‐cost targets as active electrocatalysts for bifunctional water splitting with large‐current durability. Herein, the in situ construction of a self‐supported Fe2P/Co2N porous heterostructure arrays possessing superb bifunctional catalytic activity in base is reported, featured by low overpotentials of 131 and 283 mV to attain a current density of 500 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, outperforming most of non‐noble bifunctional electrocatalysts reported hitherto. Particularly, this hybrid catalyst also displays an excellent overall water splitting activity, requiring low voltages of 1.561 and 1.663 V to attain 100 and 500 mA cm−2 with excellent durability in 1 m KOH, respectively. Most importantly, the catalyst is stable for >120 h, even when the current density is 500 mA cm−2, which is prominently superior to IrO2(+)//Pt(−) coupled noble electrodes, and is among the very best bifunctional catalysts reported thus far. Detailed theoretical calculations reveal that the interfacial interaction between Fe2P and Co2N can further improve the H* binding energy at the iron sites.
An n‐n Heterojunction Configuration for Efficient Electron Transport in Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Li Yaohui , Wu Xiang , Zuo Guangzheng , Wang Yufei , Liu Xianjie , Ma Yanxian , Li Bolun , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Wu Hongbin , Qing Jian , Hou Lintao , Cai Wanzhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSelective electron transport and extraction are essential to the operation of photovoltaic devices. Electron transport layer (ETL) is therefore critical to organic photovoltaics (OPV). Herein, an ETL configuration is presented comprising a solution‐processed n‐n organic heterojunction to enhance electron transport and hole blocking, and boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OPV. Specifically, the n‐n heterojunction is constructed by stacking a narrow‐band n‐type conjugated polymer layer (PNDIT‐F3N) and a wide‐band n‐type conjugated molecule layer (Phen‐NaDPO). Based on the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement and numerical simulation of current density‐voltage characteristics, the formation of the built‐in potential is investigated. In three OPVs with different active layers, substantial improvements are observed in performance following the introduction of this ETL configuration. The performance enhancement arises from the combination of selective carrier transport properties and reduced recombination. Another contributing factor is the good film‐forming quality of the new ETL configuration, where the surface energies of the related materials are well‐matched. The n‐n organic heterojunction represents a viable and promising ETL construction strategy for efficient OPV devices.
Degradation Pathways of Cobalt‐Free LiNiO2 Cathode in Lithium Batteries
Authors: Pan Ruijun , Jo Eunmi , Cui Zehao , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrode‐electrolyte reactivity (EER) and particle cracking (PC) are considered two main causes of capacity fade in high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes in lithium‐based batteries. However, whether EER or PC is more critical remains debatable. Herein, the fundamental correlation between EER and PC is systematically investigated with LiNiO2 (LNO), the ultimate cobalt‐free lithium layered oxide cathode. Specifically, EER is found more critical than secondary particle cracking (SPC) in determining the cycling stability of LNO; EER leads to primary particle cracking, but mitigates SPC due to the inhibition of H2‐H3 phase transformation. Two surface degradation pathways are identified for cycled LNO under low and high EERs. A common blocking surface reconstruction layer (SRL) containing electrochemically‐inactive Ni3O4 spinel and NiO rock‐salt phases is formed on LNO in an electrolyte with a high EER; in contrast, an electrochemically‐active SRL featuring regions of electron‐ and lithium‐ion‐conductive LiNi2O4 spinel phase is formed on LNO in an electrolyte with a low EER. These findings unveil the intrinsic degradation pathways of LNO cathode and are foreseen to provide new insights into the development of lithium‐based batteries with a minimized EER and a maximized service life.
Direct‐Printing Hydrogel‐Based Platform for Humidity‐Driven Dynamic Full‐Color Printing and Holography
Authors: Dai Chenjie , Li Zile , Li Zhe , Shi Yangyang , Wang Zejing , Wan Shuai , Tang Jiao , Zeng Yongquan , Li Zhongyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogel materials endow the flat optics platform with active tuning capability, owing to their remarkable humidity‐responsive swelling behavior. Despite recent advances in hydrogel‐based devices for spectral tuning, their complex patterning processing and limited functionality obstruct them from practical applications. Herein, a single‐step direct‐printing technique is originally demonstrated with an active hydrogel material platform for realizing unprecedented multi‐field full‐color display dynamics. Through exploring the dose‐induced shrinkage on polyvinyl alcohol, the stepwise hydrogel nanocavities sandwiched by ultrathin metallic films can be directly printed by grayscale e‐beam lithography. Due to the tunable structural coloration from hydrogel nanocavity scaling, multi‐functionalities are successfully created for optical concealment, dynamic coloring, and dynamic full‐color holography. By encoding the cavity‐dependent transmission phase into the direct‐printed hydrogel platform, it originally enables the projected full‐color holographic dynamics in real‐time by simply exhalation, beyond the static holographic display or monochromatic holographic switching. The proposed active displays can rapidly respond to the surrounding humidity change at a millisecond‐level (< 150 ms). Such a direct‐printing strategy for hydrogel nanocavity represents a critical advance toward the unprecedented dynamic full‐color display, and suggests promising applications in optical security, gas sensing, multispectral imaging, full‐color holography, and next‐generation display techniques.
Microscale Combinatorial Libraries for the Discovery of High‐Entropy Materials
Authors: Banko Lars , Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Kostka Aleksander , Piotrowiak Tobias Horst , Krysiak Olga Anna , Hagemann Ulrich , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyelemental material systems, specifically high‐entropy alloys, promise unprecedented properties. Due to almost unlimited combinatorial possibilities, their exploration and exploitation is hard. This challenge is addressed by co‐sputtering combined with shadow masking to produce a multitude of microscale combinatorial libraries in one deposition process. These thin‐film composition spreads on the microscale cover unprecedented compositional ranges of high‐entropy alloy systems and enable high‐throughput characterization of thousands of compositions for electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions using nanoscale scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. The exemplary exploration of the composition space of two high‐entropy alloy systems provides electrocatalytic activity maps for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution as well as oxygen reduction reactions. Activity optima in the system Ru–Rh–Pd–Ir–Pt are identified, and active noble‐metal lean compositions in the system Co–Ni–Mo–Pd–Pt are discovered. This illustrates that the proposed microlibraries are a holistic discovery platform to master the multidimensionality challenge of polyelemental systems.
Imaging Guided Endogenic H2‐Augmented Electrochemo‐Sonodynamic Domino Co‐therapy of Tumor in Vivo
Authors: Qi Guohua , Yu Tengfei , Li Jianmei , Guo Zirui , Ma Kongshuo , Jin Yongdong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecise and on‐demand release of sufficient hydrogen (H2) to tumor sites remains a key challenge for emerging H2‐oncotherapy, and little is known about the physiological effects of “abundant” H2 on complex tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, a highly efficient and cost‐effective imaging‐guided/‐assessed H2‐therapy of tumors based on a joint electrochemo‐sonodynamic treatment (H2‐EC/SD co‐therapy) with strong “domino effect” triggered by endogenous H2 generation at tumor sites is reported to speedily eliminate tumor tissue (≤80 mm3) within 1 day. Adequate H2 is controllably generated in tumor sites through mild electrochemistry in vivo due to acidic TME by using clinical acupuncture Fe needles as electrodes. Besides starvation damage due to gas blockage/destruction of vessels, nano‐/micro‐bubbles of H2 formed in situ can elevate the tumor's internal temperature and burst vessels to further destroy the tumor under ultrasound irradiation. Remarkably, vulnerable homeostasis of TME is disturbed as H2 also participates in the physiological activity of tumor cells, leading to tumor dysfunction. Last but not least, the body's inflammatory response to cancer is reduced after the treatment, which is beneficial for the body's immune system during post‐treatment recovery. Based on all of these merits, the H2‐EC/SD co‐therapy provides a potentially safe and viable therapeutic strategy for future clinical applications.
Fully Optical in Operando Investigation of Ambient Condition Electrical Switching in MoS2 Nanodevices
Authors: Symonowicz Joanna , Polyushkin Dmitry , Mueller Thomas , Di Martino Giuliana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMoS2 nanoswitches have shown superb ultralow switching energies without excessive leakage currents. However, the debate about the origin and volatility of electrical switching is unresolved due to the lack of adequate nanoimaging of devices in operando. Here, three optical techniques are combined to perform the first noninvasive in situ characterization of nanosized MoS2 devices. This study reveals volatile threshold resistive switching due to the intercalation of metallic atoms from electrodes directly between Mo and S atoms, without the assistance of sulfur vacancies. A “semi‐memristive” effect driven by an organic adlayer adjacent to MoS2 is observed, which suggests that nonvolatility can be achieved by careful interface engineering. These findings provide a crucial understanding of nanoprocess in vertically biased MoS2 nanosheets, which opens new routes to conscious engineering and optimization of 2D electronics.