bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on the spewing mechanism of earth pressure balance shield in a high‐pressure water‐rich sand stratum
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Qi Weiqiang , Ding Yanjie , Jiang Yusheng , Yang Xinkang , Yang Xing , Shao Xiaokang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe spewing of a screw conveyor easily occurs from the earth pressure balance (called EPB) shield in a water‐rich sand stratum. This may lead to the collapse of the tunnel face and even serious subsidence of the ground surface. To understand the spewing mechanism of the shield screw conveyor and explore the critical hydraulic condition of soil spewing in a shield–soil chamber, a simplified theoretical model for the spewing of the screw conveyor was developed based on the equation of groundwater flow in the screw conveyor under turbulent state. Thus, coupling Darcy's law with Brinkman's equation, this model was implemented within the COMSOL Multiphysics framework. The underground water flow in the shield screw conveyor was simulated so as to obtain its velocity and flow rate. Numerical simulations show that the water pressure distribution is concentrated in the lower part of the soil chamber after the groundwater enters the soil chamber. When the groundwater enters the screw conveyor, its pressure gradually decreases along the direction of the screw conveyor. When the water flow reaches the stratum–shield interface, the flow velocity changes markedly: first increases and concentrates at the entrance of the lower soil chamber, plummets and stabilizes gradually, and increases again at the exit. The soil chamber and screw conveyor are significantly depressurized. It is also found that the soil permeability coefficient can be reduced to k < 2.6 × 10−4 cm/s through appropriate soil improvement, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of spewing disasters.
Parasites indicate trophic complexity and faunal succession in restored oyster reefs over a 22‐year period
Authors: Moore Christopher S. , Baillie Christopher J. , Edmonds Emily A. , Gittman Rachel K. , Blakeslee April M. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFoundation species like the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) create complex habitats for organisms across multiple trophic levels. Historic declines in oyster abundance have prompted decades of restoration efforts. However, it remains unclear how long it takes for restored reefs to resemble the trophic complexity of natural reefs. We used a space‐for‐time approach to examine community succession of restored reefs ranging in age from 3 to 22 years old in coastal North Carolina, surveying both free‐living taxa and parasite communities and comparing them to natural reefs that are decades old. Trophically transmitted parasites can serve as valuable biodiversity surrogates, sometimes providing greater information about a system or question than their free‐living counterparts. We found that the diversity of free‐living taxa was highly variable and did not differ among new (<10 years), old (20 years), and natural reefs. Conversely, parasite diversity increased with elapsed time after restoration, and parasite communities in older restored reefs resembled those found in natural reefs. Our study also revealed that oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) act as a key host species capable of facilitating parasite transmission and trophic ascent in oyster reef food webs. Overall, our results suggest that trophic complexity in restored oyster reefs requires at least 8 years to resemble that found in natural reefs. This work adds to a growing body of evidence demonstrating how parasites can serve as biodiversity surrogates, proxies for the presence of additional taxa that are often difficult or impractical to sample. Given the multiplicity of links formed with their hosts, parasites offer a powerful tool for quantifying diversity and trophic complexity in environmental monitoring studies.
The first DNA barcode library of Chironomidae from the Tibetan Plateau with an evaluation of the status of the public databases
Authors: Han Wu , Tang Hongqu , Wei Lili , Zhang Enlou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to curate a COI barcode library of Chironomidae from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) as an essential supplement to the public database. Another aim is to evaluate the current status of the public database of Chironomidae in aspects of taxonomic coverage, geographic representation, barcode quality, and efficiency for molecular identification, the Tibetan Plateau, China. In this study, 512 individuals of Chironomidae from the TP were identified based on morphological taxonomy and barcode analysis. The metadata of public records of Chironomidae were downloaded from the BOLD, and the quality of the public barcodes was ranked using the BAGS program. The reliability of the public library for molecular identification was evaluated with the newly curated library using the BLAST method. The newly curated library comprised 159 barcode species of 54 genera, of which 58.4% of species were likely new to science. There were great gaps in the taxonomic coverage and geographic representation in the public database, and only 29.18% of barcodes were identified at the species level. The quality of the public database was of concern, with only 20% of species being determined as concordant between BINs and morphological species. The accuracy of molecular identification using the public database was poor, and about 50% of matched barcodes could be correctly identified at the species level at the identity threshold of 97%. Based on these data, some recommendations are included here for improving barcoding studies on Chironomidae. The species richness of Chironomidae from the TP is much higher than ever recorded. Barcodes from more taxonomic groups and geographic regions are urgently needed to fill the great gap in the current public database of Chironomidae. Users should take caution when public databases are adopted as reference libraries for the taxonomic assignment.
High‐, medium‐, and low‐dispersal animal taxa communities in fragmented urban grasslands
Authors: Vélová Lucie , Véle Adam , Peltanová Alena , Šafářová Lenka , Menendéz Rosa , Horák Jakub 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrbanized areas are rapidly expanding into a variety of habitats. Urbanization and suburbanization are often associated with changes in biodiversity, which are naturally influenced by biotic interactions and abiotic habitat characteristics. The main cause of changes caused by suburbanization is fragmentation. Its impacts vary between animals with different dispersal abilities. We focused on studying the responses of three taxa with different dispersal abilities: birds as a relatively high‐dispersal taxon, medium‐dispersal butterflies, and low‐dispersal land snails. We studied how biotic factors as well as habitat structural and fragmentation characteristics explain the community composition of the three study taxa in urban grasslands in the city of Pardubice (Czech Republic). Birds were the most species‐rich taxon followed by butterflies. Land snails had species‐poor grassland communities. Species composition analysis indicated species overlap among the studied taxa. Bird species composition covaried with butterfly species richness and reciprocally. Both taxa were significantly influenced by the amount of woody vegetation within the grassland. Bird community composition was also influenced by fragmentation characteristics, namely the distance to the nearest built‐up area. Urban growth most likely leads to changes in the characteristics of animal communities associated with former lowland natural grasslands, deteriorating the communities of low‐dispersal land snails while allowing birds that have generally higher dispersal abilities to thrive. Our results show that in assessing the impact of urbanization on biodiversity, attention should also be paid to low‐dispersal animal taxa.
Development of fault cause estimation method for distribution line
Authors: Iida Yoshikazu , Hirai Masato , Shiga Masato , Ono Tetsushi , Inuzuka Tatsuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe are planning to develop the new Advanced Distribution Automation System (ADAS) equipped with optical communication network and sectionalizer with sensor for more grid reliability and efficiency on maintenance operation. The new system is featured with the function of fault cause or damaged part estimation. The new sectionalizer captures the waveform of electrical line surge originated by fault and the system analyzes the waveform for this function. This paper mainly introduces the system configuration of ADAS and an early stage examination of fault cause estimation technology.
Prognosis evaluation of chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy with ring‐like late gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Wang Hui , Bo Kairui , Gao Yifeng , Zhou Zhen , Xu Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsRing‐like late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a special LGE pattern in patients with chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy (infl‐CMP), which is associated with cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodelling and attributed to viral infection followed by bacterial and parasitic infections. Data on the combination of CMR imaging and clinical parameters that can add long‐term prognostic value in patients with infl‐CMP are still rare. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of CMR in risk stratification in this kind of patients.Methods and resultsA total of 319 consecutive patients with clinically suspected myocarditis were retrospectively identified. Forty‐seven patients with ring‐like LGE on CMR who diagnosed as infl‐CMP, and 72 patients with other LGE pattern were eligible for standardized follow‐up. The left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle function and mass were analyses by CMR. Myocardial strain of the ventricles was evaluated by feature tracking. Major (cardiac death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, ventricular assist device, transplantation, and appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator shock) and minor (rehospitalization due to heart failure and sustained atrial fibrillation) adverse cardiovascular events were assessed during follow‐up since the date of nCMR examination. Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate which of the prognostic factors identified by univariable analysis were significantly associated with cardiac events. In the ring‐like LGE group, adverse cardiac events occurred in 14 (31.11%) patients, including 7 deaths (15.56%), 6 (13.33%) heart‐failure hospitalizations, and 1 (2.22%) case of sustained atrial fibrillation during the mean follow‐up period of 70.15 ± 45.68 months (interquartile range: 32.83–103.71 months). No major or minor adverse cardiac event occurred in the other LGE pattern group, except rehospitalization in one patient due to arrhythmia. Further analyses of ring‐like LGE group by univariable and Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.73, P = 0.000), right ventricle cardiac index (RVCI) (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14–0.71, P = 0.002), LV basal peak circumferential strain (LV‐PCSbasal) (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11–1.43, P = 0.000) were independently associated with the long‐term outcome. Receiver operator characteristic curve indicated that the cut‐off of LV‐PCSBasal was −7.95%, and it has added prognostic value to BMI and RVCI.ConclusionsFor infl‐CMP patients with ring‐like LGE on CMR, low BMI and RVCI were associated with a poor prognosis. LV‐PCSBasal with a cut‐off of −7.95% can add prognostic value for patients with infl‐CMP who have ring‐like LGE.
Conversion of antibacterial quinolone drug levofloxacin to potent cytotoxic agents
Authors: Ahadi Hamideh , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Hosseini‐khah Zahra , Ghassemi Barghi Nasrin , Ghasemian Majid , Emami Saeed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLevofloxacin, the optical S‐(‐) isomer of ofloxacin, is a broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent widely used to control various infections caused by Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. While the COOH group is necessary for antibacterial activity, its modification can offer anticancer activity to the fluoroquinolone framework. Therefore, several levofloxacin carboxamides 11a‐j and 12 containing 5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole residue were synthesized and screened in vitro for their anticancer activity. The in vitro MTT viability assay revealed that the most compounds had significant activity against cancer cells MCF‐7, A549, and SKOV3. In particular, the 3‐chloro‐ and 4‐fluoro‐ benzyl derivatives (11b and 11h), with IC50 values of 1.69–4.76 μM were as potent as or better than doxorubicin. It should be noted that the mother quinolone levofloxacin showed no activity on the tested cancer cell lines. The SAR analysis demonstrated that the 3‐chloro or 4‐fluoro substituent on the S‐benzyl moiety had positive effect on the activity. Further in vitro evaluations of the most promising compounds 11b and 11h by flow cytometric analysis and comet test revealed the ability of compounds in the induction of apoptosis and blockage of the cell proliferation at the G1‐phase by nuclear fragmentation and DNA degradation in cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that the alteration of 6‐COOH functional group in the levofloxacin structure and conjugation with a proper heterocyclic pharmacophore is a good strategy to obtain new anticancer agents.
A Monte Carlo approach to study the effect of ions on the nucleation of sulfuric acid–water clusters
Authors: Krog Dan , Enghoff Martin B. , Köhn Christoph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe nucleation of sulfuric acid–water clusters is a significant contribution to the formation of aerosols as precursors of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Depending on the temperature, there is an interplay between the clustering of particles and their evaporation controlling the efficiency of cluster growth. For typical temperatures in the atmosphere, the evaporation of H2SO4H2O clusters is more efficient than the clustering of the first, small clusters, and thus their growth is dampened at its early stages. Since the evaporation rates of small clusters containing an ion are much smaller than for purely neutral sulfuric acid clusters, they can serve as a central body for the further attachment of H2SO4H2O molecules. We here present an innovative Monte Carlo model to study the growth of aqueous sulfuric acid clusters around central ions. Unlike classical thermodynamic nucleation theory or kinetic models, this model allows to trace individual particles and thus to determine properties for each individual particle. As a benchmarking case, we have performed simulations at a relative humidity of 50% with dipole and ion concentrations of and . We discuss the runtime of our simulations and present the velocity distribution of ionic clusters, the size distribution of the clusters as well as the formation rate of clusters with radii . Simulations give reasonable velocity and size distributions and there is a good agreement of the formation rates with previous results, including the relevance of ions for the initial growth of sulfuric acid–water clusters. Conclusively, we present a computational method which allows studying detailed particle properties during the growth of aerosols as a precursor of CCN.
Alternating groups and point‐primitive linear spaces with number of points being squarefree
Authors: Guan Haiyan , Zhou Shenglin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper is a further contribution to the classification of point‐primitive finite regular linear spaces. Let be a nontrivial finite regular linear space whose number of points is squarefree. We prove that if is point‐primitive with an alternating socle, then is the projective space .
A bound on the dissociation number
Authors: Bock Felix , Pardey Johannes , Penso Lucia D. , Rautenbach Dieter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dissociation number of a graph is the maximum order of a set of vertices of inducing a subgraph that is of maximum degree at most 1. Computing the dissociation number of a given graph is algorithmically hard even when restricted to subcubic bipartite graphs. For a graph with vertices, edges, components, and induced cycles of length 1 modulo 3, we show . Furthermore, we characterize the extremal graphs in which every two cycles are vertex‐disjoint.
Ingestion kinetics of mixotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Li Qian , Steward Grieg F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn sunlit waters, significant predation is performed by unicellular, phagotrophic mixotrophs, that is, predators that also possess plastids. The success of a mixotrophic lifestyle will depend in part on how well mixotrophs acquire prey relative to specialized heterotrophs. Likewise, consequences of mixotrophy for productivity and element cycling will depend on the rate and efficiency at which mixotrophs consume prey biomass relative to heterotrophs. However, trait differences between mixotrophs and heterotrophs are not well characterized. In addition, cell size of mixotrophs varies widely, and constitutive mixotrophs include small flagellates deriving from diverse taxa, while larger species are primarily dinoflagellates. To determine whether similar constraints apply to phagotrophs across this broad range of size and taxa, we compiled 83 measurements of flagellate functional responses and compared maximum clearance rates (Cmax) and maximum ingestion rates (Imax) between trophic modes. We found that the average mixotroph has a 3.7‐fold lower Cmax and 7.8‐fold lower Imax than the average heterotroph, after controlling for cell size. The smaller penalty for Cmax suggests that relative fitness of mixotrophs will be enhanced under dilute prey concentrations that are common in pelagic ecosystems. We also find that growth efficiency is greater for mixotrophs and for flagellates with lower Cmax, indicating a spectrum of trophic strategies that may be driven by phototrophy vs. phagotrophy allocation as well as fast vs. slow metabolic variation. Allometric scaling shows that Imax is constrained by a common relationship among dinoflagellates and other taxa, but dinoflagellates achieve a greater volume‐specific Cmax. These results should aid in interpreting protistan communities and modeling mixotrophy.
Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali‐activated materials
Authors: Mundra Shishir , Samson Gabriel , Masi Giulia , Achenbach Rebecca , Bastidas David M. , Bernal Susan A. , Bignozzi Maria C. , Criado Maria , Cyr Martin , Gartner Nina , von Greve‐Dierfeld Stefanie , Legat Andraž , Nikoonasab Ali , Provis John L. , Raupach Michael , Gluth Gregor J. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlkali‐activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11‐Task Force ‘Corrosion of steel in alkali‐activated materials’ demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag‐based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic study of the influence of the steel–concrete interface on the susceptibility of steel to corrosion in AAMs is available. Less common electrochemical methods present an opportunity for future progress in the field.
The Role of Fishery-Independent Bottom Trawl Surveys in Providing Regional and Temporal Context to Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Studies
Authors: Gervelis Brian , Wilber Dara H. , Brown Lorraine , Carey Drew A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bottom trawl surveys are commonly used to examine potential effects on fishes and invertebrates from offshore wind (OSW) farms in Europe and in the northeastern United States. Because OSW surveys typically occur over a limited spatial footprint, comparison of OSW monitoring results to long-term fishery-independent surveys may provide a regional and temporal context for OSW data sets. We compared results of the Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) bottom trawl survey (2013–2019) to three fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys (Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management [RIDEM]) using catch rates of 12 federally managed species. We evaluated temporal trends in annual residual catches for each species calculated within each survey as the difference between the mean annual biomass per trawl and the long-term mean. Regional consistency in relative catches was apparent for species exhibiting synchronous interannual variability among surveys (Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata, Scup Stenotomus chrysops, Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus, and Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus) or a decreasing trend in residual catch rates across the 7-year study period (Little Skate Leucoraja erinacea, longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii, and Winter Skate L. ocellata). For other species, catches among surveys were asynchronous (Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, and Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus) or anomalous catches in a single year affected the results (Red Hake Urophycis chuss and Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearis). Monitoring of BIWF occurred during a period with lower-than-average historical catches in a 32-year RIDEM data set for Atlantic Herring, Butterfish, Little Skate, longfin inshore squid, Red Hake, Silver Hake, and Winter Flounder and higher-than-average catches for Black Sea Bass, Scup, and Summer Flounder. There was no evidence that variation in catches near BIWF differed from regional trends in a way consistent with a detrimental impact of OSW farm operation. The regional context provided from multiple bottom trawl surveys varies by species and thus may be limited for interpreting OSW monitoring results.