bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDL‐NSGA‐II: Ensemble deep learning framework with NSGA‐II feature selection for heart disease prediction
Authors: Gupta Aditya , Singh Amritpal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the onset of pandemics and accrescent stress among people, heart disease has become one of the leading contributors to premature deaths worldwide. Early prognosis of this disorder is the most viable strategy for increasing the prospects of individuals' survival. Numerous methods exploiting machine learning algorithms for heart disease prediction have been reported in the literature, but they all suffer from overfitting problems. Conspicuously, to improve the prediction accuracy, in this research work, an efficient meta‐heuristic‐based feature selection technique, namely NSGA‐II, is employed. The proposed solution aims to reduce the feature set and thus improve the prediction accuracy supported by intelligent machine learning models. The presented classifier is trained and validated using a comprehensive heart disease dataset by utilizing NSGA‐II selected features with 10‐fold cross‐validation. For performance validation, the results of the proposed model are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms, such as a k‐nearest neighbour, support vector machine, Bayesian belief networks, random forest, and naive bayes. The simulation results highlight the improved performance of the proposed model with NSGA‐II and achieve a high prediction accuracy of 97.32%. Furthermore, results of sensitivity (92.84%), specificity (92.60%), precision (91.25%), and F‐measure (92.17%) prove the utility of the proposed approach for heart disease prediction over all other variants.
Recruitment and retention of diverse couples in relationship education with integrated economic services
Authors: Williamson Hannah C. , D'Angelo Angela V. , Warren Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCompared to higher income couples, those with low incomes experience a host of challenges and disparities in their intimate relationships, including lower levels of relationship satisfaction, higher rates of breakup of cohabiting relationships, and higher rates of divorce. In recognition of these disparities, a number of interventions targeting couples with low incomes have been developed. These interventions historically focused primarily on improving relationship skills through relationship education, but in recent years a new approach that integrates economic‐focused interventions alongside relationship education has emerged. This integrated approach is intended to better address the challenges facing couples with low incomes, but the theory‐driven, top‐down approach to intervention development leaves open the question of whether couples with low incomes are interested in participating in a program that combines these two disparate components. The current study draws from a large randomized controlled trial of one such program (N = 879 couples) to provide descriptive information about the recruitment and retention of couples with low incomes in a study of relationship education with integrated economic services. Results indicate that it is possible to recruit a large, linguistically, and racially diverse sample of couples living with low income to participate in an integrated intervention, but the uptake of relationship‐focused services was higher than the uptake of economic‐focused services. Additionally, attrition over a 1‐year follow‐up data collection period was low but required labor‐intensive efforts to reach participants for the survey. We highlight successful strategies for the recruitment and retention of diverse couples and discuss implications for future intervention efforts.
Conditioned place avoidance is associated with a distinct hippocampal phenotype, partly preserved pattern separation, and reduced reactive oxygen species production after stress
Authors: Kelley D. Parker , Albrechet‐Souza Lucas , Cruise Shealan , Maiya Rajani , Destouni Aspasia , Sakamuri Siva S. V. P. , Duplooy Alexander , Hibicke Meghan , Nichols Charles , Katakam Prasad V. G. , Gilpin Nicholas W. , Francis Joseph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStress is associated with contextual memory deficits, which may mediate avoidance of trauma‐associated contexts in posttraumatic stress disorder. These deficits may emerge from impaired pattern separation, the independent representation of similar experiences by the dentate gyrus‐Cornu Ammonis 3 (DG‐CA3) circuit of the dorsal hippocampus, which allows for appropriate behavioral responses to specific environmental stimuli. Neurogenesis in the DG is controlled by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and may contribute to pattern separation. In Experiment 1, we performed RNA sequencing of the dorsal hippocampus 16 days after stress in rats that either develop conditioned place avoidance to a predator urine‐associated context (Avoiders), or do not (Non‐Avoiders). Weighted genome correlational network analysis showed that increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation‐associated gene transcripts and decreased expression of gene transcripts for axon guidance and insulin signaling were associated with avoidance behavior. Based on these data, in Experiment 2, we hypothesized that Avoiders would exhibit elevated hippocampal (HPC) ROS production and degraded object pattern separation (OPS) compared with Nonavoiders. Stress impaired pattern separation performance in Non‐Avoider and Avoider rats compared with nonstressed Controls, but surprisingly, Avoiders exhibited partly preserved pattern separation performance and significantly lower ROS production compared with Non‐Avoiders. Lower ROS production was associated with better OPS performance in Stressed rats, but ROS production was not associated with OPS performance in Controls. These results suggest a strong negative association between HPC ROS production and pattern separation after stress, and that stress effects on these outcome variables may be associated with avoidance of a stress‐paired context.
The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence
Authors: Makarieva Anastassia M. , Nefiodov Andrei V. , Nobre Antonio Donato , Baudena Mara , Bardi Ugo , Sheil Douglas , Saleska Scott R. , Molina Ruben D. , Rammig Anja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these processes is essential for sustaining human and ecosystem well‐being. Predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover remains a challenge. Recently, changes in plant transpiration across the Amazon basin were shown to be associated disproportionately with changes in rainfall, suggesting that even small declines in transpiration (e.g., from deforestation) would lead to much larger declines in rainfall. Here, constraining these findings by the law of mass conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere, forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import and results in water yield. Conversely, in a sufficiently dry atmosphere increased transpiration reduces atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. This previously unrecognized dichotomy can explain the otherwise mixed observations of how water yield responds to re‐greening, as we illustrate with examples from China's Loess Plateau. Our analysis indicates that any additional precipitation recycling due to additional vegetation increases precipitation but decreases local water yield and steady‐state runoff. Therefore, in the drier regions/periods and early stages of ecological restoration, the role of vegetation can be confined to precipitation recycling, while once a wetter stage is achieved, additional vegetation enhances atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. Recent analyses indicate that the latter regime dominates the global response of the terrestrial water cycle to re‐greening. Evaluating the transition between regimes, and recognizing the potential of vegetation for enhancing moisture convergence, are crucial for characterizing the consequences of deforestation as well as for motivating and guiding ecological restoration.
Enterprising refugee women: Analyzing postfeminist governmentality in an organizational context
Authors: Dlaske Kati , Schilling Katharina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines a model project initiated by a German Federal Ministry in the middle of the vast increase in forced migration to Germany after 2015. The project aimed at facilitating the integration of female refugees into German society by way of ‘empowering’ them to become self‐employed. A business counseling agency with a feminist orientation was commissioned to design and run the project. Interpellating refugee women as subjects of entrepreneurial self‐actualization to enact gender equality, the project embodies a tangible example of postfeminist governmentality. Combining recent research on postfeminism with analytics of governmentality, the study directs its analytical gaze to the work of governing. This opens up a twofold perspective: it enables us to investigate the operation of governmental power in relation to its envisioned subjects, and how this power acts upon the subjects tasked with the work of governing in the contemporary organizational context. Drawing on qualitative interviews and documentary materials within an “ethnographic imaginary”, we examine, first, the assemblage of elements that made up the fabric of postfeminist governmentality in the governmental intervention at hand and what happened when the governmental attempts “hit the ground” met—and failed to meet—the diverse bodies of the envisioned participants. This perspective illustrates how the logic of postfeminist governmentality radically failed when it came to differences deriving from the structural positioning of the women, but also indicates moments of agency and resistance and the perspectives for those who were able and willing to access the offered subject position. Second, the analysis shows how this failure affected the women involved less than the female project manager who was to bear the consequences. In this respect, the analysis sheds light on the amount of practical and emotional work that the task of rendering the project nevertheless ‘a success’ required, the “hidden injuries” this work involved, and how this work ultimately led to a reaffirmation of the logic of postfeminist governmentality. The study contributes to understandings of the gendered operation of governmental power in and through contemporary organizations and in the organization of labor.
Frequent EGFR exon 20 insertion in the so‐called peripheral‐type squamous cell neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential: a variant of bronchiolar adenoma or under‐recognised entity?
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Hou Likun , Shang Guoguo , Qi Xiaowei , Zhang Mengmeng , Jin Yan , Wang Yue , Xue Qianqian , Wu Chunyan , Li Yuan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHerein we describe a series of rare peripheral pulmonary neoplasms temporarily termed “peripheral type squamous cell neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (PSCN‐UMP)” and investigate their relationship to bronchiolar adenoma (BA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and MethodsThe histologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 PSCN‐UMPs and six BAs were compared. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to further compare the genetic features of PSCN‐UMPs, BAs, and NSCLCs.ResultsAll PSCN‐UMPs were peripherally located and histologically characterised by the lepidic, nested, and papillary proliferation of relatively bland squamous cells, accompanied by entrapped hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes. The basal squamous cells coexpressed TTF1 and squamous markers. Both cellular components exhibited bland morphology and a low proliferative activity. The six BAs met the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of proximal‐type BA. Genetically, driver mutations, including frequent EGFR exon 20 insertions, were found in PSCN‐UMPs, while the KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation, and ERC1::RET fusion were detected in BAs. PSCN‐UMPs also shared some alterations with BAs in mutational signatures, while copy number variants (CNV) were enriched in MET and NKX2‐1 in PSCN‐UMP and MCL1, MECOM, SGK1, and PRKAR1A in BA.ConclusionPSCN‐UMPs exhibited the proliferation of bland squamous cells accompanied by entrapped pneumocytes and frequent EGFR exon 20 insertions, which showed distinct features from BAs and SCCs. Recognition of this specific entity will help to expand the morphologic and molecular spectrum of peripheral lung squamous neoplasms.
Mechanical and tribological properties of SiC whisker‐reinforced SiC composites via oscillatory pressure sintering
Authors: Yang Yifan , Zhu Tianbin , Sun Nanjie , Liang Xiong , Li Yawei , Wang Heng , Xie Zhipeng , Sang Shaobai , Dai Jinning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSiC whisker (SiCw)‐reinforced SiC composites were prepared by an oscillatory pressure sintering (OPS) process, and the effects of SiCw content on the microstructure and mechanical and tribological properties of such composites were investigated. The addition of SiCw could promote the formation of long columnar α‐SiC, and the aspect ratio of α‐SiC grains first increased and then decreased with the increase of SiCw content. When the SiCw content was 5.42 wt%, the relative density of the SiC–SiCw composite reached up to 99.45%. The SiC–5.42 wt% SiCw composite possessed the highest Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength of 30.68 GPa, 6.66 MPa·m1/2, and 733 MPa, respectively. In addition, the SiC–5.42 wt% SiCw composite exhibited the excellent wear resistance when rubbed with GCr15 steel balls, with a friction coefficient of .76 and a wear rate of 4.12 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1. This could be ascribed to the improved mechanical properties of SiC–SiCw composites, which enhanced the ability to resist peeling and micro‐cutting, thereby enhancing the tribological properties of the composites.
Prevalence of low and high BMI during the first 3 years of life: using New Zealand national electronic health data
Authors: Daniels Lisa , Haszard Jillian J. , Taylor Rachael W. , Taylor Barry J. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackgroundData on body mass index (BMI) in infants and toddlers worldwide are lacking, relative to older age groups.ObjectivesTo describe the growth (weight, length/height, head circumference, and BMI z‐score) of New Zealand children under the age of 3 years, and examine differences by sociodemographic characteristics (sex, ethnicity, and deprivation).MethodsElectronic health data were collected by Whānau Āwhina Plunket, who provide free ‘Well Child’ services for approximately 85% of newborn babies in New Zealand. Data from children under the age of 3, who had their weight and length/height measured between 2017 and 2019, were included. The prevalence of BMI (WHO child growth standards) ≤2nd, ≥85th, and ≥95th percentiles were determined.ResultsBetween 12 weeks and 27 months of age, the percentage of infants ≥85th BMI percentile increased from 10.8% (95% CI, 10.4%–11.2%) to 35.0% (34.2%–35.9%). The percentage of infants with high BMI (≥95th percentile) also increased, particularly between 6 months (6.4%; 95% CI, 6.0%–6.7%) and 27 months (16.4%; 15.8%–17.1%). By contrast, the percentage of infants with low BMI (≤2nd percentile) appeared steady between 6 weeks and 6 months, and declined at older ages. The prevalence of infants with a high BMI appears to increase substantially from 6 months across sociodemographic characteristics, with a widening prevalence gap by ethnicity occurring from 6 months, mirroring that of infants with a low BMI.ConclusionsThe number of children with high BMI increases rapidly between 6 months and 27 months of age, suggesting this is an important timeframe for monitoring and preventive action. Future work should investigate the longitudinal growth trajectories of these children to determine if any particular patterns predict later obesity and what strategies could effectively change them.
WEIRDness abounds! Sample characteristics, restricted variance, and why they matter for international selection and assessment research
Authors: Alley Leah , Cortina Jose M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is increasing awareness that reliance on samples from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) countries may have skewed our view of human phenomena. Nowhere is this more true than in international selection and assessment (ISA) research. In the present paper, we describe a way of understanding the impact of WEIRDness on ISA phenomena: restricted variance (RV). The WEIRDness problem is usually one of cross level interactions in which a country‐level variable (e.g., individualism/collectivism) might moderate the relationship between two individual‐level variables. RV can help to see not only where such cross level interactions might exist, but also provide a specific, mathematical reason for their existence. We use several examples from IJSA and related sources to illustrate the role of RV in ISA‐based WEIRDness.
Modeling and optimization of moisture diffusion of paddy and brown rice during thermal soaking
Authors: Rattanamechaiskul Chaiwat , Junka Nittaya , Prakotmak Preeda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, a method involving soaking paddy and brown rice in hot water at different durations and temperatures is investigated. Data are acquired to develop a mathematical model to determine the most appropriate soaking conditions through simulation. Results show that higher soaking temperature at 60 °C yield higher moisture diffusion than lower temperature at 40 °C. The soaking times of paddy until the final moisture was attained at temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C were 10, 8, and 6 h, respectively. The dehusking process from paddy to brown rice can decrease soaking time to 7, 5, and 3 h, respectively, compared with that of paddy at the same temperature. The mathematical modeling can reveal the diffusion mechanism inside the grain and accurately predict the suitable soaking condition by brown rice at soaking temperature of 60 °C for 1.5 h. When this condition is used, the specific energy consumption of the soaking process can be reduced to 0.295 kWh kg−1 which is the lowest value in the scope of study. After steaming by commercial process, soaked brown rice is completely generated starch gelatinization as parboiled rice.Practical applicationsSoaking is one of the most important procedures in the production of parboiled rice. It requires a significant amount of time as well as affects the specific energy consumption (SEC) and product quality at the final stage. Experiment results are used to develop a mathematical model to determine the most appropriate soaking condition. The shortest time possible to achieve the appropriate grain moisture while maintaining the lowest SEC is desired. Data are acquired to devise methods for reducing the time and energy required to produce parboiled rice.
A metagenomic study identifies a Prevotella copri enriched microbial profile associated with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in subjects with obesity
Authors: Moran‐Ramos Sofía , Cerqueda‐García Daniel , López‐Contreras Blanca , Larrieta‐Carrasco Elena , Villamil‐Ramírez Hugo , Molina‐Cruz Selene , Torres Nimbe , Sánchez‐Tapia Mónica , Hernández‐Pando Rogelio , Aguilar‐Salinas Carlos , Villarreal‐Molina Teresa , Canizales‐Quinteros Samuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease. Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can play an important role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Recently, several studies have tested the predictive value of gut microbiome profiles in NAFLD progression; however, comparisons of microbial signatures in NAFLD or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have produced discrepant results, possibly due to ethnic and environmental factors. Thus, we aimed to characterize the gut metagenome composition of patients with fatty liver disease.MethodsGut microbiome of 45 well‐characterized patients with obesity and biopsy‐proven NAFLD was evaluated using shot‐gun sequencing: 11 non‐alcoholic fatty liver controls (non‐NAFL), 11 with fatty liver, and 23 with NASH.ResultsOur study showed that Parabacteroides distasonis and Alistipes putredenis were enriched in fatty liver but not in NASH patients. Notably, in a hierarchical clustering analysis, microbial profiles were differentially distributed among groups, and membership to a Prevotella copri dominant cluster was associated with a greater risk of developing NASH. Functional analyses showed that although no differences in LPS biosynthesis pathways were observed, Prevotella‐dominant subjects had higher circulating levels of LPS and a lower abundance of pathways encoding butyrate production.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a Prevotella copri dominant bacterial community is associated with a greater risk for NAFLD disease progression, probably linked to higher intestinal permeability and lower capacity for butyrate production.
Association between handgrip strength, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, advanced hepatic fibrosis and its modifiers: Evidence from the NHANES database of the USA
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Shi Xuexue , Gu Haifeng , Zhou Wenjing , Zhang Qin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) have been associated with sarcopenia. However, modifiers of this association have been less studied.MethodsThis study used data from the NHANES database 2011–2014 of the USA. Adults aged 18 years or older, had complete information of handgrip strength test and NAFLD and AHF status were eligible for inclusion. NAFLD was defined using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). AHF was defined using the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine the associations between the study variables and prevalent NAFLD and AHF.ResultsA total of 19 931 participants were selected from the 2011–2014 NHANES database. The multivariate analysis showed that stronger grip strength was significantly and independently associated with decreased odds for NAFLD (tertile 2: adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.59; tertile 3: aOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05–0.24) and AHF (tertile 2: aOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.94; tertile 3: aOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12–0.63). In stratified analyses, strongest grip strength was significantly associated with reduced odds for NAFLD regardless of age, body mass index, and having diabetes or not. Strongest grip strength was associated with reduced odds for NAFLD in individuals who had moderate to ideal physical activity (aOR: 0.31).ConclusionsGrip strength has an inverse association with prevalent NAFLD and AHF in the US population, which appears to be modified by physical activity level. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the role of physical activity in modifying the risks.