bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Westover M. Brandon , Gliske Stephen , Sarnthein Johannes , Sarma Sridevi , Wang Yujiang , Baud Maxime O. , Stacey William C. , Conrad Erin C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) has been the primary diagnostic tool in clinical epilepsy for nearly a century. Its review is performed using qualitative clinical methods that have changed little over time. However, the intersection of higher resolution digital EEG and analytical tools developed in the past decade invites a re‐exploration of relevant methodology. In addition to the established spatial and temporal markers of spikes and high‐frequency oscillations, novel markers involving advanced postprocessing and active probing of the interictal EEG are gaining ground. This review provides an overview of the EEG‐based passive and active markers of cortical excitability in epilepsy and of the techniques developed to facilitate their identification. Several different emerging tools are discussed in the context of specific EEG applications and the barriers we must overcome to translate these tools into clinical practice.
Sea temperature is the primary driver of recent and predicted fish community structure across Northeast Atlantic shelf seas
Authors: Rutterford Louise A. , Simpson Stephen D. , Bogstad Bjarte , Devine Jennifer A. , Genner Martin J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change has strongly influenced the distribution and abundance of marine fish species, leading to concern about effects of future climate on commercially harvested stocks. Understanding the key drivers of large‐scale spatial variation across present‐day marine assemblages enables predictions of future change. Here we present a unique analysis of standardised abundance data for 198 marine fish species from across the Northeast Atlantic collected by 23 surveys and 31,502 sampling events between 2005 and 2018. Our analyses of the spatially comprehensive standardised data identified temperature as the key driver of fish community structure across the region, followed by salinity and depth. We employed these key environmental variables to model how climate change will affect both the distributions of individual species and local community structure for the years 2050 and 2100 under multiple emissions scenarios. Our results consistently indicate that projected climate change will lead to shifts in species communities across the entire region. Overall, the greatest community‐level changes are predicted at locations with greater warming, with the most pronounced effects at higher latitudes. Based on these results, we suggest that future climate‐driven warming will lead to widespread changes in opportunities for commercial fisheries across the region.
The impact of agricultural management on soil aggregation and carbon storage is regulated by climatic thresholds across a 3000 km European gradient
Authors: Edlinger Anna , Garland Gina , Banerjee Samiran , Degrune Florine , García‐Palacios Pablo , Herzog Chantal , Pescador David Sánchez , Romdhane Sana , Ryo Masahiro , Saghaï Aurélien , Hallin Sara , Maestre Fernando T. , Philippot Laurent , Rillig Matthias C. , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic carbon and aggregate stability are key features of soil quality and are important to consider when evaluating the potential of agricultural soils as carbon sinks. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate stability respond to agricultural management across wide environmental gradients. Here, we assessed the impact of climatic factors, soil properties and agricultural management (including land use, crop cover, crop diversity, organic fertilization, and management intensity) on SOC and the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, commonly used as an indicator for soil aggregate stability, across a 3000 km European gradient. Soil aggregate stability (−56%) and SOC stocks (−35%) in the topsoil (20 cm) were lower in croplands compared with neighboring grassland sites (uncropped sites with perennial vegetation and little or no external inputs). Land use and aridity were strong drivers of soil aggregation explaining 33% and 20% of the variation, respectively. SOC stocks were best explained by calcium content (20% of explained variation) followed by aridity (15%) and mean annual temperature (10%). We also found a threshold‐like pattern for SOC stocks and aggregate stability in response to aridity, with lower values at sites with higher aridity. The impact of crop management on aggregate stability and SOC stocks appeared to be regulated by these thresholds, with more pronounced positive effects of crop diversity and more severe negative effects of crop management intensity in nondryland compared with dryland regions. We link the higher sensitivity of SOC stocks and aggregate stability in nondryland regions to a higher climatic potential for aggregate‐mediated SOC stabilization. The presented findings are relevant for improving predictions of management effects on soil structure and C storage and highlight the need for site‐specific agri‐environmental policies to improve soil quality and C sequestration.
Diagnostic utility of bleeding assessment tools in congenital fibrinogen deficiencies
Authors: Mohsenian Samin , Seidizadeh Omid , Palla Roberta , Jazebi Mohammad , Azarkeivan Azita , Moazezi Somayeh , Baghaipour Mohammad Reza , Menegatti Marzia , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of clinical history is crucial before referring a patient for further laboratory testing. Bleeding assessment tools (BAT) are developed to standardize clinical evaluation. A small number of patients with congenital fibrinogen deficiencies (CFDs) have been evaluated with these tools without definitive results.AimsWe compared the adequacy of the ISTH‐BAT and the European network of rare bleeding disorders bleeding score system (EN‐RBD‐BSS) to identify patients with CFDs. The correlation between the two BATs and fibrinogen levels and patient clinical grade severity was further analyzed.MethodsWe included 100 Iranian patients with CFDs. Routine coagulation and fibrinogen‐specific tests (fibrinogen antigen [Fg:Ag] and activity [Fg:C]) were performed. The ISTH‐BAT and EN‐RBD‐BSS were used to assess the bleeding score (BS) of all patients.ResultsThe ISTH‐BAT and EN‐RBD‐BSS median (range) were 4 (0–16) and 2.21 (−1.49 to 6.71), with a statistically significant moderate correlation between the two systems (r = .597, P < .001). In patients with quantitative deficiencies (afibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia), the correlation between Fg:C and the ISTH‐BAT was moderately negative (r = −.4, P < .001), while the correlation between Fg:C and the EN‐RBD‐BSS was weakly negative (r = −.38, P < .001). Overall, 70% and 72% of patients with fibrinogen deficiencies were correctly identified by both the ISTH‐BAT and EN‐RBD‐BSS, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that in addition to the ISTH‐BAT, the EN‐RBD‐BSS may also be useful in identifying CFD patients. We found a significant level of sensitivity for detecting fibrinogen deficiency in the two BATs, and bleeding severity classification correctly identified severity grades in almost two‐thirds of patients.
Fruit and vegetable snacks as carriers of probiotics and bioactive compounds: a review
Authors: Bustos Ana Yanina , Font Graciela , Taranto María Pía 
Published: March 2023

SummaryVegetable and fruit snacks emerge as an innovative non‐dairy functional food of probiotic carriers and a valuable alternative to consumers with dietary restrictions. However, enriching snacks with probiotics is challenging as several factors may affect cell viability making it difficult to maintain adequate microbial doses at consumption time. This article aimed to review the most recent advances in the design of probiotic fruit and vegetable snacks to provide the current state of knowledge on this cutting‐edge topic. In particular, the technologies applied to introduce probiotics into the food matrix, classical and novel drying methods, and strategies to improve microbial survival during processing, storage and gastrointestinal passage, are discussed. Most of the published works report bacterial counts above 7 log cfu g−1 in snacks, which is a proper dose of probiotics to promote health benefits. However, many of these studies did not evaluate the survival rate during storage or considered short periods. The design of fruit‐ or vegetable‐based snacks enriched with probiotics appears to be a worthwhile strategy at laboratory scale but further studies to validate results both at pilot and industrial scale are necessary.
Development of protein‐rich biscuit utilising lablab bean seed: a sustainable management of underutilised plant protein in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Farzana , Islam Md. Ahmadul , Yeasmen Nushrat , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Aziz Mohammad Gulzarul , Alim Md. Abdul 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDue to the sustainability aspects, the shift toward plant‐based foods has largely increased the global awareness of the potential role of legumes and pulses in nutritional diet over the past years. In favour of the versatile use of nutritionally rich lablab bean (Lablab purpureus L) seeds in food manufacturing industries, this study detailed the insights into the development of protein‐rich biscuits formulated with lablab bean seed powder linking with the drying kinetics of lablab bean seed. Results showed the higher drying rate for uncoated lablab bean seeds paste than the coated samples. Four samples of biscuit containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% lablab bean seeds powder were formulated. The protein, crude fibre, and ash content of biscuits increased significantly (P < 0.05) up to 9.92% ± 0.12%, 1.84% ± 0.05%, and 1.39% ± 0.07%, respectively, with the addition of lablab bean seed powder. The spread ratio of biscuit decreased with the increase of bean seed powder concentration (%). Organoleptic analysis revealed that control and 5% bean seed powder added biscuit ranked similarly. The texture, colour, and flavour of formulated biscuits changed marginally after 5 months of storage. The standard plate count and total fungal count were also within the acceptable limit for the storage period of up to 5 months.
Positive identity development through community engagement among youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Rodriquez Jason , Gupta Anmol , Ballard Staci C. , Siperstein Gary N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentity development in individuals with disabilities is often negatively impacted by exclusion, marginalisation, and stigma. However, meaningful opportunities for community engagement can serve as one pathway towards establishing positive identity. This pathway is further examined in the present study.MethodsResearchers used a tiered, multi‐method, qualitative methodology consisting of audio diaries, group interviews, and individual interviews with seven youth (ages 16–20) with intellectual and developmental disabilities, recruited through the Special Olympics U.S. Youth Ambassador Program.ResultsParticipants' identities incorporated disability while simultaneously transcending the social limits of disability. Participants viewed disability as one aspect of their broader identity, shaped by leadership and engagement experiences such as those offered by the Youth Ambassador Program.ConclusionsFindings have implications for understanding identity development in youth with disabilities, the importance of community engagement and structured leadership opportunities, and the value of tailoring qualitative methodologies to the subject of the research.
mRNAs in skin surface lipids unveiled atopic dermatitis at 1 month
Authors: Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Saito‐Abe Mayako , Shima Kyoko , Fukagawa Satoko , Uehara Yuya , Ueda Yui , Iwamura Maeko , Murase Takatoshi , Kuwano Tetsuya , Inoue Takayoshi , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), presenting skin barrier dysfunction and abnormal inflammations around 1–2 months, is unreported.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the molecular pathogenesis of very early‐onset AD by skin surface lipid‐RNA (SSL‐RNA) using a non‐invasive technology in infants aged 1 and 2 months from a prospective cohort.MethodsWe collected sebum by oil‐blotting film of infants aged 1 and 2 months and analysed RNAs in their sebum. We diagnosed AD according to the United Kingdom Working Party's criteria.ResultsInfants with AD aged 1 month showed lower expression of genes related to various lipid metabolism and synthesis, antimicrobial peptides, tight junctions, desmosomes and keratinization. They also had higher expression of several genes involved in Th2‐, Th17‐ and Th22‐type immune responses and lower expression of negative regulators of inflammation. In addition, gene expressions related to innate immunity were higher in AD infants. Infants aged 1 month with neonatal acne and diagnosed with AD aged 2 months already had gene expression patterns similar to AD aged 1 month in terms of redox, lipid synthesis, metabolism and barrier‐related gene expression.ConclusionWe identified molecular changes in barrier function and inflammatory markers that characterize the pathophysiology of AD in infants aged 1 month. We also revealed that neonatal acne at 1 month could predict the subsequent development of AD by sebum transcriptome data.
Pressure–temperature paths of tectonic blocks in mélange: Recording thermal evolution of a subduction channel at an initial stage of subduction
Authors: Takeshita Toru , Imayama Takeshi , Ando Mizuho , Kimura Yuto , Python Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigated the tectonic evolution of amphibolite and blueschist tectonic blocks in the serpentinite‐ or pelite‐matrix mélange, which are distributed at the highest structural level of the high‐P/Ttype Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks in northern Japan. The tectonic blocks in this study area are divided into six rock types: garnet‐epidote amphibolite, epidote amphibolite, amphibolite, plagioclase‐poor amphibolite, epidote blueschist and glaucophane‐bearing quartz schist. Based on phase equilibrium modelling, garnet‐epidote amphibolite and epidote amphibolite experienced peak metamorphism at pressure and temperature conditions of 1.1–1.25 GPa and 550–590°C, and 0.8–1.3 GPa and 475–550°C, respectively, (at an apparent thermal gradient ranging between 13 to 17°C/km). By contrast, although the peak‐metamorphic conditions for each one of amphibolite, plagioclase‐poor amphibolite, and glaucophane‐bearing quartz schist are not well constrained, they may have been originally metamorphosed at amphibolite to epidote‐amphibolite facies at thermal gradients exceeding 20°C/km, inferred from the core composition of amphibole (edenite/magnesiohornblende/barroisite). The epidote blueschist experienced peak metamorphism at pressure and temperature conditions of 0.8–1.6 GPa and 360–520°C (most probably 0.8–0.85 GPa and 360–480°C). Although different types of tectonic blocks experienced a variety of peak metamorphism under differentP/Tconditions, all of them underwent epidote blueschist facies metamorphism at the peak or retrograde stage (as shown by the glaucophane rims of amphibole with different core compositions). The overallP–Tpaths appear counter‐clockwise, which could be interpreted to reflect the cooling history of the subduction channel from the beginning to the steady state of subduction. The geothermal gradient could have changed from 15–17° to ~10°C/km over ~20–25 Myr, as estimated by previously reported radiometric ages. The protoliths to the tectonic blocks could have begun to subduct into the subduction channel at different times (where the thermal structure evolved with time), acquiring different progradeP–Tpaths. Subsequently, these tectonic blocks were juxtaposed at a certain depth and incorporated into the overlying serpentinite during the subduction stage. Finally, the serpentinite‐ or pelite‐matrix mélange, including these tectonic blocks, were exhumed together with the coherent accretionary units as the former was emplaced over the latter.
Calcium salt crystalluria in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population
Authors: Fendrich Rachel H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrinalysis is a rapid, non‐invasive method used to obtain diagnostic information on primates. While several studies have investigated dipstick and specific gravity values in chimpanzees, urine sediment analysis is often excluded. Crystalluria, observed during urine sediment analysis, can be benign or indicate renal pathologies.MethodsIn total, 665 urine samples from sanctuary‐housed chimpanzees were analyzed over the course of 17 months for pH, specific gravity, time of collection, and crystalluria.Results and ConclusionsCalcium salt crystalluria was seen in 9.0% of the samples from 23.7% of the individuals in the study. Urinary pH and specific gravity were significantly higher in samples with crystalluria than in those lacking crystalluria, while time of collection did not differ between the two groups. While diet is the most likely cause of the crystalluria in this population, several medications could also cause urinary crystallization. Further exploration of the significance of calcium salt crystalluria in chimpanzees is warranted.
Aesthetic considerations when treating patients of African descent: Thriving in diversity international roundtable series
Authors: Fabi Sabrina G. , Burgess Cheryl , Edwards Cleo‐Daimaris , Kanaris Nicole P. , Dayan Steve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlack patients of African descent are an ethnically diverse demographic and have unique anatomical features, aging processes, and responses to aesthetic procedures that must be considered when planning treatment.AimsTo discuss similarities and differences in the anatomy and treatment preferences of Black patients of African descent and explore how these differences may influence aesthetic practices.Patients/MethodsIn support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a 6‐part international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021, to May 16, 2022.ResultsThe results of the third roundtable in the series, the African Patient, are described here. The expertise and perspectives of African physicians, US physicians who treat African American patients, and physicians practicing within Latin America and Europe who treat patients of color (POC) of African descent are included, as well as information gleaned from injection demonstrations.ConclusionsBlack African patients seek aesthetic treatment for a variety of conditions. Patients with darker skin can benefit from treatment with fillers, neurotoxins, and energy‐based devices, but the application of these approaches should take into account the unique characteristics of each individual patient and the cultural and biological influences that impact treatment outcomes.
Human–algorithm hybrids as (quasi‐)organizations? On the accountability of digital collective actors
Authors: BECKERS ANNA , TEUBNER GUNTHER 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModels of individual accountability for algorithms’ actions fail when a human–algorithm association comes to be viewed as a collective actor. In some situations, human and algorithmic actions are so closely intertwined that there is no longer a linear connection between the emergent collectivity and the complex interactions of humans and algorithms. In such collective decision‐making sequences, individual accountability can no longer be attributed. Therefore, a new perspective on human–algorithm associations that captures their emergent properties and organizational qualities is needed to develop appropriate models of collective accountability. This article seeks to answer a number of questions. How can the encounter between humans and algorithms within such a socio‐technical configuration be adequately theorized? Can the configuration itself be understood as a hybrid collectivity? Can actions be attributed to the configuration as a personified collective actor? How will accountability be institutionalized for human–algorithm associations – in centralized or distributed collective forms?
Carvedilol as the new non‐selective beta‐blocker of choice in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Turco Laura , Reiberger Thomas , Vitale Giovanni , La Mura Vincenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPortal hypertension (PH) is the most common complication ofcirrhosis and represents the main driver of hepatic decompensation. The overarching goal of PH treatments in patients with compensated cirrhosis is to reduce the risk of hepatic decompensation (i.e development of ascites, variceal bleeding and/or hepatic encephalopathy). In decompensated patients, PH‐directed therapies aim at avoiding further decompensation (i.e. recurrent/refractory ascites, variceal rebleeding, recurrent encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatorenal syndrome) and at improving survival. Carvedilol is a non‐selective beta‐blocker (NSBB) acting on hyperdynamic circulation/splanchnic vasodilation and on intrahepatic resistance. It has shown superior efficacy than traditional NSBBs in lowering PH in patients with cirrhosis and may be, therefore, the NSBB of choice for the treatment of clinically significant portal hypertension. In primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, carvedilol has been demonstrated to be more effective than endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). In patients with compensated cirrhosis carvedilol achieves higher rate of hemodynamic response than propranolol, resulting in a decreased risk of hepatic decompensation. In secondary prophylaxis, the combination of EVL with carvedilol may prevent rebleeding and non‐bleeding further decompensation better than that with propranolol. In patients with ascites and gastroesophageal varices, carvedilol is safe and may improve survival, as long as no impairment of the systemic hemodynamic or renal dysfunction occurs, with maintained arterial blood pressure as suitable safety surrogate. The target dose of carvedilol to treat PH should be 12.5 mg/day. This review summarizes the evidence behind Baveno‐VII recommendations on the use of carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis.
Tick‐borne pathogens in ticks from urban and suburban areas of north‐western Spain: Importance of Ixodes frontalis harbouring zoonotic pathogens
Authors: Remesar S. , Matute R. , Díaz P. , Martínez‐Calabuig N. , Prieto A. , Díaz‐Cao J. M. , López‐Lorenzo G. , Fernández G. , López C. , Panadero R. , Díez‐Baños P. , Morrondo P. , García‐Dios D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo identify the questing tick populations in urban and suburban areas from the city of Lugo (NW Spain), ticks were collected monthly by flagging. The presence of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum also was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Overall, 342 questing ticks were collected; the tick abundance was higher in suburban (95.9%) than in urban areas (4.1%). Ixodes frontalis was the most abundant (86.5%); 88.5% were larvae, 11.1% nymphs and 0.3% adults. All development stages of I. ricinus (7.3%) and adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (5.8%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.3%) were found. Rickettsia spp. (31.9%) was more prevalent than Borrelia spp. (2.7%); no ticks were positive to A. phagocytophilum. Six Rickettsia species were identified (R. slovaca, R. monacensis, R. massiliae, R. raoultii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and R. aeschielmanii); Candidatus Rickettsia rioja and two novel Rickettsia species also were detected. In addition, Borrelia turdi (1.8%) and B. valaisiana (0.9%) were identified in Ixodes ticks. This is the first report of R. slovaca in R. sanguineus s.l. and of R. monacensis, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and Ca. R. rioja in I. frontalis. Since most of the pathogens detected are zoonotic, their presence in these areas may have implications for public health.