bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Solid Waste in Vessel Composting System
Authors: Ibrahim Jathwa Abdul Karime , Abdul Majeed Al Taib Mohammed 
Published: June 2023

Low-level microbial activity due to the production of organic acids is a recognized problem during the initial phase of food waste composting. Increasing such activity levels by adjusting the pH values during the initial composting phase is the primary objective to be investigated. In this study, sodium acetate (NaoAc) was introduced as an amendment to an in-vessel composting system. NaoAc was added when the pH of the compost mixture reached a low level (pH < 5), the addition increased pH to 5.8. This had a positive effect on the degradation of organic materials i.e. the formation of methane gas compared to the results without NaoAc addition.
The results also proved that anaerobic-aerobic in-vessel composting could reduce the large amounts of wastes by 33% -30%.
However the addition of NaoAc had no significant influence on temperature profile, bulk density, electric conductivity (EC), moisture contents, Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) and heavy metals )Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) during the composting process, in fact heavy metals and (NPK) were below the maximum permissible levels of the Japanese organic farming and the USDA and US Compost Council standards .
To assess the performance of the composting process, two small-scale digesters were used with fixed temperature. Maximum methane content of 68±1% and 75±1% by volume of the generated biogas was achieved in the run without and with NaoAc respectively.
The germination index was which proved that the stabilized compost obtained in this research is of the “mature" kind and it is satisfactory for agricultural use according to the organic farming recommended by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and USDA and US Compost Council standards.
CONTEXTUAL RENEWAL OF IBN KHALDUN'S THEORY: INTEGRATING INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Ma'arif Khoirul 
Published: June 2023

This research proposes the concept of "Contextual Renewal" to integrate the intellectual legacy of Ibn Khaldun's theory into contemporary social analysis. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of Ibn Khaldun's theory in understanding contemporary social phenomena and dealing with the complexity of current social challenges. This research will analyze the central principles in Ibn Khaldun's theory, such as the concepts of 'asabiyyah' (social solidarity), 'umran' (cycle of progress and collapse), and 'fitrah' (basic human tendencies), and consider their relevance in the context of globalization, technological transformation, and rapid social dynamics. Appropriate research methods, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed approaches, will apply Ibn Khaldun's theories in contemporary social analysis. This research is expected to provide new insights into the potential contribution of Ibn Khaldun's theory in understanding social change, community development, and power dynamics in the modern era.
MgAl2O4-based glass ceramics synthesized by thermal plasma melting
Authors: Shekhovtsov V. V. 
Published: June 2023

The relevance of research and application of glass-ceramic materials based on spinel (MgAl2O4) is due to its unique properties such as strength, heat resistance, and high thermal conductivity. These properties make spinel a popular material for creating hi-tech products and coatings.The paper presents the experimental results of the production spinel-based glass ceramics with the silicon dioxide content 10 to 50 wt.%. Thermal plasma melting is used obtain glassceramic samples, at 10 kW power and 90 s melting time. The obtained samples are studied by XRF, EDX, IRFS, SEM methods.It is shown that the introduction of SiO2 in the amount of not over 20 wt.% into the mixture with stoichiometric spinel, phase transformations with the formation of binary 2MgO·SiO2, MgO·SiO2, 3Al2O3·2SiO2 compounds do not occur. With increasing SiO2 content from 30 to 50 wt.%, the effect from SiO2 is significant, a quasi-amorphous phase appears in the material matrix. At the same time, the SiO2 content of 30 wt.% provides weak intensity of the stoichiometric crystalline phase MgAl2O4 at 2θ = 36.6, 44.7, 59.3, 65.4 degrees. Samples with the SiO2 content 40 to 50 wt.% are X-ray amorphous. In this case, the diffusion halo narrows due to the dominance of Si4+ during the lattice formation. This phenomenon is also confirmed by IRFS results.Based on SEM observations, a complete dissolution of the MgAl2O4 crystalline phase occurs. When the content of SiO2 is 30 to 40 wt.%, dissolution of the spinel crystalline phase is accompanied by the formation of local regions rich in Mg and Al, i.e., differentiation proceeds in the condensed phase.The research results will be of interest for the development of heat-shielding materials, and can be used for the catalyst development, in electronics and other industries producing hi-tech ceramics.
Efficiency coefficient of water supply and removal as an assessment factor of further operation
Authors: Prodous O. A. , Shlyichkov D. I. 
Published: June 2023

During operation, pipeline hydraulic characteristics change due to the presence of sedimentary layers in pipes. The efficiency coefficient in an important parameter for the evaluation of the pipeline operation.Purpose: The aim of this work is to prove the necessity of using the efficiency coefficient in the hydraulic analysis of water supply and removal with internal sedimentary layers in pipes in order to predict their hydraulic characteristics with any (measured) thickness of the sedimentary layer.Methodology: Dependences used herein are repeatedly published by the authors.Research findings: Calculation tables are developed to design the reference manual "Calculation tables for hydraulic analysis of water removal in pipes with sedimentary layers".Practical implication: The proposed values of the efficiency coefficient of water supply and removal can be used in hydraulic calculations to predict the hydraulic potential of pipes with sedimentary layers.
Modification of conditions and properties of dispersed reinforcing fiber during construction and operation of asphalt concrete pavements
Authors: Lukashevich V. N , Lukashevich O. D. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Identification of deformation presence or absence, fiber destruction in manufacturing asphalt concrete mixes contain ning polymer fiber.Methodology: Initial dispersed reinforcing fiber made of thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer and mineral thread, fiber extracted from asphalt concrete, and fiber exposed to weather conditions are investigated using a weatherometer IP-1-3. Аn MIM-10 metallographic microscope is used for the metallographic analysis. The infrared spectrophotometer SPECORD M-80 is used for the material identification. Physicochemical tests of fiber are carried out in a certified laboratory "Khimvolokno".Research findings: Dispersed reinforcing fiber made of thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers show deformation in compacting the asphalt-concrete mix at impact points of mineral material grains. At the same time, mineral fiber used as a dispersed reinforcement is not subjected to such deformation. The fiber properties are not affected by natural and climatic factors. It is found that natural and climatic factors do not cause the fiber destruction in dispersed reinforcement. The properties of reinforcing fiber slightly change, which allows them to perform a reinforcing function throughout the established service life of asphalt concrete pavements. Indentation of mineral material grains into fiber made of thermoplastic polymers leads to fiber jamming by grains, that prevents them from being pulled out, that, in turn, increases strength and rheological properties of asphalt concrete.Value: The analysis of chemical fiber characteristics is requireв to satisfy the growing interest in dispersed reinforcement of asphalt concrete. The quality of polymer fiber used for reinforcement can be changed under the influence of external factors and affect the quality of road pavements.
Arrangement of capillary barrier made of injected solution to prevent subgrade frost heaving
Authors: Razuvaev D. A. , Chakhlov M. G. 
Published: June 2023

The problem of road pavement deterioration due to the forces of frost heave on operating roads remains highly relevant for many regions of Russia.One of the effective methods for regulating the magnitude of frost heave in the roadbed of highways under unfavorable soil-climatic conditions is the installation of a capillary barrier. This method, using injection methods for soil transformation, has been previously justified by the authors based on field and laboratory research.However, for practical implementation of the proposed method, the key unresolved research tasks are the determination of the calculated depth of the capillary barrier within the roadbed and its optimal thickness.In this regard, the aim of the research is to provide a calculated justification for the boundaries of the capillary barrier made from injected solution to prevent frost heave in the roadbed.The methodological basis of the study includes theoretical research methods such as abstraction, analysis, and synthesis.The article formulates the condition for transitioning from an "open" freezing system to a "closed" system and proposes criteria for creating a capillary barrier. A solution is obtained to determine the maximum thickness of the capillary barrier, which depends on the properties of its material and the coefficient of moisture conductivity. The solution to the problem of locating the capillary barrier within the structure of the operating roadbed is presented, based on correlating the zone of intensive moisture transfer with the isotherms of temperatures in the freezing massif.
Preservation of cultural landscape in the historical Siberian city
Authors: Skudneva M. V. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The aim of this work is to discusses the main periods of the cultural landscape formation in the historical Siberian city.Design/methodology/approach: This research is required to preserve the cultural landscape in the historical city during its construction and reconstruction. The paper presents the data analysis and refinement obtained during the literature review in the field of architecture and urban planning in Siberia. Applied are the full-scale survey methods, functional and graph-analytic analyses.Research findings: The data obtained allow identifying the main periods of the cultural landscape formation and development in the historical Siberian city interacting with natural landscape elements. The main theses are formulated for the preservation of the cultural landscape in the historical Siberian city.
Coordinated transport system in territory and transportation development in urban areas
Authors: Shesterov E. A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The development of the main aspects of coordinating various types of urban transport taking into account current trends in the formation the transport infrastructure.Methodology/approach: Stop-watch reading, visual examination of the road and pedestrian traffic.Research findings: Identified were placed that require reducing the time of transfer in transport, improving its convenience and increasing the traffic potential.Practical implications: The proposed methodology to assess the interaction between different types of urban transport implies a rational traffic distribution.Value: The paper determines the need to improve regulatory, methodological and organizational framework in the transport system coordination at various stages of territory and transport planning in urban areas.
Engineering issues in restoration. Cultural deposit growth effect on preservation of stone churches in Tomsk
Authors: Kutukov A. A. , Kolokoltseva E. N. , Romanova L. S. 
Published: June 2023

The article explores the negative impact of the grown cultural deposit on stone monuments of Tomsk and ways of its elimination. The urgency is caused by the continuous and complex influence of the grow cultural deposit on historical buildings.Purpose: The article considers changes in urban development and conditions and new threats of monument preservation and their impact; gives recommendations for the conservation of Tomsk churches and the improvement of their territories.Methodology/approach: The literature review, the analysis of general technical state of stone monuments in view of the ground water influence on them and proposals on this influence elimination. Articles, books and conferences of various authors – archaeologists and architects – given in the references.Research findings: Recommendations are given to eliminate the negative impact of the increased cultural deposit, including the territory planning, replacement of coatings, installation of dewatering electro-osmotic devices, impervious curtains, hydrophobization of foundations, restoration of waterproofing and backsplash in compliance with specifications. The importance of informing the population about consequences of uncontrolled cultural deposit growth is noted herein.Originality: The analysis of the technical state of stone churches of Tomsk such as Aleksander Nevsky and Peter and Paul; recommendations for eliminating the negative impact of the increased cultural deposit growth.
Correlation between residential area, service facilities, research and production zone of Russian science cities
Authors: Malova E. D. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Identification of the correlation between service facilities, research and production zone of Russian science cities.Research findings: Based on the difference in the urban development, calculations include individual objects, taking into account the number of floors, rather than functional zones. The cities of Protvino, Pushchino, Chernogolovka, Fryazino, Troitsk and Koltsovo are analyzed; the population can be compared with the estimated number of new scientific towns. Despite a significant difference in the size of urban areas and the development of the research and production base, these science cities have a close ratio of housing, service facilities and research and production areas, i.e., 60, 10 and 30 %, respectively. The basic layout of science campuses does not change, while economic, demographic and scientific development is observed.Practical implication: The detected correlation can be called rational and used at the initial stage of planning a new science city.
Settlement formation along the Angara river (mid 17th and early 21st centuries)
Authors: Ignatenkova V. A. , Vaytens A. G. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Identification of possible settlement formation along the Angara River in the Irkutsk agglomeration at different formation stages and its urban development.Design/methodology/approach: A number of outlined important tasks include the description of each formation stage of settlement with respect to natural resources, urban planning, transport and socio-economic potential; identification of problems and key points of the spatial development of the existing settlement system; solutions of the identified problems. Urban-ecological principles developed by A.G. Bolshakov are used together with the literature in the field.Research findings: The considered existing planning system includes transport, economic and landscape-ecological facilities.Practical implications: The paper suggests possible ways to solve the identified problems.Originality/value: The mentioned facilities can serve as a basis for the settlement formation and spatial development.
Free vibrations of rectangular plates
Authors: Morozov N. A. , Grebenyuk G. I. , Maksak V. I. , Gavrilov A. F. 
Published: June 2023

The paper investigates free vibrations of rectangular metal plates. The finite element method and analytical calculation are particularly used to determine the vibration frequency. The analytical calculation is based on the equation of motion of a thin rectangular plate. The asymptotic method is applied to determine the dynamic edge effect. As a result, the free vibration frequency is determined for the rectangular metal plate. The finite element analysis is performed in Lira and SolidWorks software packages. For this, a solid plate model with sensors is created to measure the free vibration frequency; the effective mass participation factor was determined.The plate vibration tests were conducted to confirm the results of analytical calculations. The method of smooth sinusoidal vibrations is used. Spectrum graphs of the plate vibrations are suggested based on the vibration acceleration of sensors. Errors are identified in the free vibration frequencies depending on the applied method. The paper does not consider frequencies with the low effective mass participation factor.
Peningkatan Respon Imun Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Melalui Kombinasi Vitamin D3, Mineral Ca Dan Mg Pada Pakan
Authors: Linuwih Aluh Prastiti  , Aldi Huda Verdian  , Adni Oktavian  , Nurul Fatimah  , Kurnia Fathurohman  , Qorie Astria  , Arif Faisal Siburian  
Published: June 2023

Udang vaname merupakan biota perikanan yang tidak memiliki kekebalan tubuh spesifik. Sehingga dalam teknis pembudidayaan udang lebih menerapkan prinsip pencegahan terhadap serangan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peningkatan respon imun udang vaname melalui penghitungan jumlah total hemosit dan pengamatan perbedaan jenis hemosit yang dipelihara selama 60 hari. Pengujian dilakukan dengan perlakuan kombinasi vitamin D3, mineral Ca dan Mg (Hyperol) pada pakan antara lain kontrol (pemeliharaan udang tanpa suplementasi Hyperol) dan pemeliharaan udang dengan penambahan suplementasi Hyperol pada pakan sebanyak 0,25 mL/kg pakan (A); 0,5 mL/kg pakan (B); 0,75 mL/kg pakan (C); dan 1 mL/kg pakan (D). Hasil terbaik yang didapatkan adalah perlakuan dengan penambahan suplementasi Hyperol 1 mL/kg pakan dengan jumlah total hemosit 65,41±1,90 x 106 sel/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan penggunaan Hyperol 1 mL/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan respon imun pada udang vaname.
Vannamei shrimp is fisheries commodity who doesn’t have specific immunity in their body, so principle of prevent against disease was the most important thing to be applied in shrimp farming techniques. The aims of this study is to see an increase in the immune response of vannamei shrimp through counting the total number of hemocytes and observing the different types of hemocytes maintained for 60 days. Tests were carried out with a combination treatment of vitamin D3, minerals Ca and Mg (Hyperol) on the feed, including controls (raising shrimp without Hyperol supplementation) and rearing shrimp with the addition of Hyperol supplementation to feed as much as 0.25 mL/kg feed (A); 0.5 mL/kg feed (B); 0.75 mL/kg feed (C); and 1 mL/kg feed (D). The best results obtained were treatment with the addition of 1 mL/kg Hyperol supplementation with a total hemocyte count of 65.41 ± 1.90 x 106 cells/mL. This shows that the use of Hyperol 1 mL/kg of feed can increase the immune response in vannamei shrimp.
Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Meraj Lubna , Naseem Sajida , Saqib Imad-ud-din , Mangrio Sana , Rafi Saima , Ashfaq Tabinda 
Published: June 2023

Background: The goal of the study was to describe patient characteristics of a group of Pakistani population affected by COVID-19. Efforts have been made to identify the patient characteristics which increase the risk of infection. Many of these are useful in predicting the severity and prognosis of the disease.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at COVID-19 medical facility at the onset of lockdown in Rawalpindi in Pakistan from March to June 2020. Individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test were primarily enrolled in the study. A link was shared of an online google form for collecting data. Data was compiled on Google forms which was transferred into SPSS version 24 for descriptive data analysis.
Results: The study included 566 subjects; 469 (82.9%) recovered while 97 (17.1%) died. Majority of them were male, belonged to the age group of 31 – 45 years. The most common comorbid condition in the study population was hypertension 222 (39.2%). The most common symptoms patients presented with were dry cough (64%) followed by difficulty in breathing (48.2%).
Conclusion: The study has highlighted age, gender and comorbidities as the characteristics which affected the outcome. This would be helpful in planning treatment for future.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBENTUK AKHLAKUL KARIMAH SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AL HIKMAH TUBAN
Authors: Husni Moch. Shohibul , Walid Muhammad , Zuhriah Indah Aminatuz 
Published: June 2023

Pendidikan agama Islam memiliki peran penting untuk membentuk sikap dan perilaku bagi setiap anak terlebih diusia remaja. Pada zaman sekarang sikap dan perilaku kurang terpuji dikhawatirkan merusak akhlak apabila tidak mendapatkan pendidikan agama Islam dengan baik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya Internalisasi nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Islam untuk membantu anak-anak dalam menambah wawasan dalam membentuk akhlakul karimah khusunya di Pondok Pesantren Al Hikmah Tuban. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan proses serta keberhasilan dari internalisasi nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk Akhlakul karimah santri di PP. Al Hikmah yang terletak di desa Binangan Kecamatan Singgahan Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, kemudian data dijaikan dalam bentuk narasi sesuai kejadian dalam penelitian sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan di akhir penulisan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh proses nternalisasi nilai nilai pendidikan Agama Islam untuk membentuk Akhlakul Karimah di pondok pesantren Al Hikmah ada 3 tahapan, yaitu tahap pengenalan, tahap Penerimaan dan tahap integrasi. Adapun kurikulum yang di programkan oleh PP. Al Hikmah dalam pembelajaran untuk mendukung internalisasi adalah dengan Pengajian Kitab, Madrasah diniyah dengan 3 tingkatan, Pengajian Al Qur’an, dan. Bahtsul Masa’il. Metode yang diterapkan oleh PP. Alhikmah dalam dalam kegiatan internalisasi nilai-nilai pendidikan agam Islam yatu Bandongan, Tanya Jawab, Keteladanan, Pembiasaan, Stategi kedisiplinan.Hasil dari kegiatan internalisasi nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk ahklakul karimah adalah adanya tanggung jawab, Mandiri, Berjiwa sosial yang dibuktikan dengan kuisioner sebelum dan sesudah mondok pada tabel 1 dan 2.