bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of local inflammation in complications associated with intubation in pediatric patients: A narrative review
Authors: Amaya Sebastian , Murillo Marcelino , Gutiérrez Pérez Martha L. , Cervera Hector S. , Andrade María J. , Zuñiga María A. , Barreto Natalia , Daza María I. , Carvajal Luisa F. , Alarcón Catalina M. , Aponte Laura , Olbrecht Vanessa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the most important primary local inflammatory response factor to intubation is not yet clear, it is known that it may be directly attributed to the presence of trauma during intubation or the response of oral bacterial flora present in the trachea. It is known that prolonged intubation is associated with worse outcomes, but other underlying systemic issues, such as sepsis and trauma, are also associated with this result. Likewise, patients who require advanced airway management and excessive manipulation are more likely to experience complications. There are various inflammatory mediators that are generated during orotracheal intubation, many of which can be considered targets for therapies to help reduce inflammation caused by intubation. However, there is little evidence on the management of the inflammatory response induced by orotracheal intubation in pediatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to highlight the intubation associated complications that can arise from poorly controlled inflammation in intubated pediatric patients, review the proposed pathophysiology behind this, and discuss the current treatments that exist. Finally, taking into account the discussion on pathophysiology, we describe the current therapies being developed and future directions that can be taken in order to create more treatment options within this patient population.
Neighbourhood‐related socioeconomic perinatal health inequalities: An illustration of the mediational g‐formula and considerations for the big data context
Authors: Ochoa Lizbeth Burgos , van der Meer Lindsey , Waelput Adja J. M. , Been Jasper V. , Bertens Loes C. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in computing power have enabled the collection, linkage and processing of big data. Big data in conjunction with robust causal inference methods can be used to answer research questions regarding the mechanisms underlying an exposure–outcome relationship. The g‐formula is a flexible approach to perform causal mediation analysis that is suited for the big data context. Although this approach has many advantages, it is underused in perinatal epidemiology and didactic explanation for its implementation is still limited.ObjectiveThe aim of this was to provide a didactic application of the mediational g‐formula by means of perinatal health inequalities research.MethodsThe analytical procedure of the mediational g‐formula is illustrated by investigating whether the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) and small for gestational age (SGA) is mediated by neighbourhood social environment. Data on singleton births that occurred in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1,217,626) were obtained from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and linked to sociodemographic national registry data and neighbourhood‐level data. The g‐formula settings corresponded to a hypothetical improvement in neighbourhood SES from disadvantaged to non‐disadvantaged.ResultsAt the population level, a hypothetical improvement in neighbourhood SES resulted in a 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2, 7.5) relative reduction in the proportion of SGA, that is the total effect. The total effect was decomposed into the natural direct effect (5.6%, 95% CI 5.1, 6.1) and the natural indirect effect (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6, 0.9). In terms of the magnitude of mediation, it was observed the natural indirect effect accounted for 11.4% (95% CI 9.2, 13.6) of the total effect of neighbourhood SES on SGA.ConclusionsThe mediational g‐formula is a flexible approach to perform causal mediation analysis that is suited for big data contexts in perinatal health research. Its application can contribute to providing valuable insights for the development of policy and public health interventions.
Cardiac timing and threatening stimuli influence response inhibition and ex‐Gaussian parameters of reaction time in a Go/No‐go task
Authors: Yang Xiao , Spangler Derek P. , Jennings J. Richard , Friedman Bruce H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSensorimotor responses vary as a function of the cardiac cycle phase. These effects, known as cardiac cycle time effects, have been explained by the inhibition of cardiac afferent signals on information processing. However, the validity of cardiac cycle time effects is challenged by mixed findings. Factors such as current information processing and affective context may modulate cardiac cycle time effects and account for inconsistencies in the literature. The current study examines the influence of cardiac cycle time and threatening stimuli on two aspects of sensorimotor processing, response speed and inhibition. Thirty‐four participants (Mage = 19.35 years; 29 female) completed an auditory Go/No‐go task in no face, neutral face, and fearful face conditions. Faces were presented at either cardiac diastole or systole. Participants' reaction times (RTs) during Go trials and failures in response inhibition during No‐go trials were recorded. The ex‐Gaussian model was fit to RT data in each condition deriving the parameters, mu (μ) and tau (τ), that indicate response speed and attentional lapses, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze behavioral data. Results showed that cardiac systole prolonged μ but decreased τ, and that cardiac diastole reduced inhibition errors in the fearful face condition but not in other conditions. These findings indicate that cardiac timing differentially modulates sensory‐perceptual and top‐down attentional processes and cardiac timing interacts with threatening contexts to influence response inhibition. These results highlight the specificity of cardiac cycle time effects on sensorimotor processing.
Parent perceptions and decision making about treatments for epilepsy: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Uhl Stacey , Konnyu Kristin , Wilson Renee , Adam Gaelen , Robinson Karen A , Viswanathan Meera 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesEpilepsy treatment decision making is complex and understanding what informs caregiver decision making about treatment for childhood epilepsy is crucial to better support caregivers and their children. We synthesised evidence on caregivers’ perspectives and experiences of treatments for childhood epilepsy.DesignSystematic review of qualitative studies using a best-fit framework and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.Data sourcesSearched Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and Web of Science from 1 January 1999 to 19 August 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included qualitative studies examining caregiver’s perspectives on antiseizure medication, diet or surgical treatments for childhood epilepsy. We excluded studies not reported in English.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted qualitative evidence into 1 of 14 domains defined by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). One reviewer extracted study data and methodological characteristics, and two reviewers extracted qualitative findings. The team verified all extractions. We identified themes within TDF domains and synthesised summary statements of these themes. We assessed our confidence in our summary statements using GRADE-CERQual.ResultsWe identified five studies (in six reports) of good methodological quality focused on parent perceptions of neurosurgery; we found limited indirect evidence on parents’ perceptions of medications or diet. We identified themes within 6 of the 14 TDF domains relevant to treatment decisions: knowledge, emotion; social/professional role and identity; social influence; beliefs about consequences; and environmental context and resources.ConclusionsParents of children with epilepsy navigate a complex process to decide whether to have their child undergo surgery. Educational resources, peer support and patient navigators may help support parents through this process. More qualitative studies are needed on non-surgical treatments for epilepsy and among caregivers from different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds to fully understand the diversity of perspectives that informs treatment decision making.
Nutritional status and its associated factors among elderly people in Ilu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shuremu Muluneh , Belachew Tefera , Hassen Kalkidan 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the nutritional status and its associated factors among elderly people.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in urban and semiurban areas.ParticipantsThe study included 620 elderly community dwellers in Southwest Ethiopia from 3 October 2021 to 10 November 2021. Those who were seriously ill, could not get around or were on special diets were excluded from the study.Outcome measureThe Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to evaluate nutritional status and the STEPwise approach was used to collect data on backgrounds and lifestyle. SPSS V.22.0 was used for data analysis. Logistic regression was computed. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsElderly people who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition were found to make up 48.1% (44.1%to 52.1%) and 17.4% (14.5% to 20.6%) of the population, respectively. Those aged 80 years and older had a chance of being at risk of malnutrition (adjusted OR (AOR)=22.555; 95% CI: 7.963 to 63.881), while the odds of being malnourished were 11.5 times higher (AOR=11.755; 95% CI: 4.825 to 28.638). Informal education was a significant predictor of being at risk of malnutrition (AOR=6.102; 95% CI: 2.684 to 13.871). Urban dwellers were 8.9 times more likely to be malnourished. Inadequate financial resources make people 3.7 times more likely to be malnourished. A lower wealth index was a significant predictor of being at risk of malnutrition (AOR=4.156; 95% CI: 1.361 to 12.692). Single elderly people had a 3.4-fold higher risk of malnutrition. Elderly people with chronic pain, who were smokers and alcoholics, and who had depression were all at risk of nutritional problems.ConclusionThe risk of malnutrition and malnourishment was high. Age, urbanisation, finances, education, economics, being a woman, smoking and alcohol are associated factors. Interventional studies are warranted to minimise malnutrition challenges in the study population.
Viral suppression and associated factors among children tested for HIV viral load at Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Berihun Hailu , Bazie Getaw Walle , Beyene Altaseb , Zewdie Amare , Kebede Natnael 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess viral suppression and associated factors among children tested for HIV viral load at the Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch, Ethiopia.DesignAn institutional cross-sectional study was conducted. An observational checklist was used to collect the data. Data were entered into EpiData and analysed using SPSS (V.25). The data were analysed descriptively. Variables with p=0.25 from the bivariable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, and significant variables (p=0.05) were retained in the multivariable model.Setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 522 randomly selected children tested for HIV viral load at the Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch, Ethiopia. The study included children under the age of 15 years with complete records.ResultsViral suppression was 73% (95% CI: 60.41% to 77.63%). Treatment duration on antiretroviral therapy (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.207; 95% CI: 0.094 to 0.456) and regimen substitution (AOR=0.490; 95% CI: 0.306 to 0.784) were significantly associated with viral suppression rate.ConclusionsIn this study, the overall magnitude of viral suppression in Amhara Public Health Institute, Dessie Branch is low as compared with the WHO’s 95% viral suppression target. Viral suppression was significantly associated with antiretroviral therapy duration and regimen substitution.
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in Chinese patients with active psoriatic arthritis: a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Leng Xiaomei , Lin Wei , Liu Shixue , Kanik Keith , Wang Cunshan , Wan Weiguo , Jiang Zhenyu , Liu Yi , Liu Shengyun , Zhang Zhuoli , Zhang Zhiyi , Xu Jian , Tan Wenfeng , Hu Jiankang , Li Jingyang , Liu Ju , Gunay Levent M. , Dina Oluwaseyi , Kinch Cassandra , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesEfficacy and safety of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, were evaluated in a 6-month, double-blind, phase 3 study in Chinese patients with active (polyarthritic) psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and inadequate response to ≥1 conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.MethodsPatients were randomised (2:1) to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (N=136) or placebo (N=68); switched to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily after month (M)3 (blinded). Primary endpoint: American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) response at M3. Secondary endpoints (through M6) included: ACR20/50/70 response; change from baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI); ≥75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) response, and enthesitis and dactylitis resolution. Safety was assessed throughout.ResultsThe primary endpoint was met (tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, 38.2%; placebo, 5.9%; p<0.0001). M3 ACR20/ACR70/PASI75 responses, and enthesitis and dactylitis resolution rates, were higher and HAQ-DI reduction was greater for tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily versus placebo. Incidence of adverse events (AEs)/serious AEs (M0–3): 68.4%/0%, tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily; 75.0%/4.4%, placebo. One death was reported with placebo→tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (due to accident). One serious infection, non-serious herpes zoster, and lung cancer case each were reported with tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily; four serious infections and one non-serious herpes zoster case were reported with placebo→tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (M0–6). No non-melanoma skin cancer, major adverse cardiovascular or thromboembolism events were reported.ConclusionIn Chinese patients with PsA, tofacitinib efficacy was greater than placebo (primary and secondary endpoints). Tofacitinib was well tolerated; safety outcomes were consistent with the established safety profile in PsA and other indications.Trial registration numberNCT03486457.
Palliative care symptoms and problems in a culturally and linguistically diverse population: large retrospective cohort study
Authors: Roydhouse Jessica , Connolly Alanna , Daveson Barbara , de Graaff Barbara , Blanchard Megan , Currow David C 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesMigrant Australians with cancer have higher unmet needs and poorer health-related quality of life. Less is known about their palliative care experience. We aimed to assess comparative symptom distress and problem severity for culturally and linguistically diverse Australians with cancer in palliative care.MethodsThis was a retrospective, consecutive cohort study using data from the Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration, which routinely collects standardised symptom assessments nationally at point-of-care. Adults with a cancer diagnosis who died 01/01/2016–31/12/2019 were included. The presence/absence ofpatient-reported symptom distressandclinician-rated problem severitywere compared between people who preferred English and people who preferred another language using logistic regression models. We also compared people who preferred English and the four most common non-English languages in the dataset: Chinese, Greek, Italian and Slavic.ResultsA total of 53 964 people with cancer died within the study period, allowing analysis of 104 064 assessments. People preferring non-English languages were less likely to report symptoms (pain: OR=0.89 (0.84 to 0.94); all other symptoms except fatigue OR<1 and CIs did not contain 1). Except for family/carer problems (OR=1.24 (1.12 to 1.31)), linguistically diverse people were less likely to report problems. Variation was seen between non-English language groups.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence of comparatively worse symptom distress or problem severity for nearly all scores for culturally and linguistically diverse Australians. Better symptom management or differential reporting may explain this. It is important to examine this further, including assessing differences within cultural and linguistic groups to ensure the delivery of high-quality palliative care.
Mechanical thrombectomy with combined stent retriever and contact aspiration versus stent retriever alone for acute large vessel occlusion: data from ANGEL-ACT registry
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Sun Dapeng , Hu Mingkai , Raynald  , Jia Baixue , Tong Xu , Ma Gaoting , Wang Anxin , Ma Ning , Gao Feng , Mo Dapeng , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: January 2023

Background and purposeAn analysis of the ASTER 2 trial revealed similar final recanalisation levels and clinical outcomes in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke between stent retrieval (SR) alone as a first-line mechanical thrombectomy (MT) technique (SR alone first-line) and concomitant use of contact aspiration (CA) plus SR as a first-line MT technique (SR+CA first-line). The purpose of the present study was to compare the safety and efficacy of SR+CA first-line with those of SR alone first-line for patients with LVO in China.MethodsWe conducted the present study by using the data from the ANGEL-ACT registry. We divided the selected patients into SR+CA first-line and SR alone first-line groups. We performed logistic regression and generalised linear models with adjustments to compare the angiographic and clinical outcomes, including successful/complete recanalisation after the first technique alone and all procedures, first-pass successful/complete recanalisation, number of passes, 90-day modified Rankin Scale, procedure duration, rescue treatment and intracranial haemorrhage within 24 hours.ResultsOf the 1233 enrolled patients, 1069 (86.7%) received SR alone first-line, and 164 (13.3%) received SR+CA first-line. SR+CA first-line was associated with more thrombectomy passes (3 (2–4) vs 2 (1–2); β=1.77, 95% CI=1.55 to 1.99, p<0.001), and longer procedure duration (86 (60–129) min vs 80 (50–122) min; β=10.76, 95% CI=1.08 to 20.43, p=0.029) than SR alone first-line group. Other outcomes were comparable (all p>0.05) between the two groups.ConclusionsPatients undergoing SR+CA first-line had more thrombectomy passes and longer procedure duration than patients undergoing SR alone first-line. Additionally, we suggested that SR+CA first-line was not superior to SR alone first-line in final recanalisation level, first-pass recanalisation level and 90-day clinical outcomes in the Chinese population.
Surgeon compassion may mitigate quality of life disparities associated with health literacy
Authors: Hopp Morgan J , Soe-Lin Hahn , Lowe Trevor M , Chapple Kristina M , Bogert James N , Weinberg Jordan A 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesPatients with health literacy (HL) disparities are less likely to comprehend hospital discharge instructions and less satisfied with physician communication. In this prospective cohort study, we sought to examine the interaction of HL, physician communication, and quality of life after hospital discharge among postoperative emergency surgery and trauma patients.MethodsEmergency surgery and trauma surgery patients were prospectively enrolled between December 2020 and December 2021 at an urban level 1 trauma center. Newest Vital Sign (NVS) instrument was used to measure HL during hospitalization. After discharge, patients were administered Revised Trauma Quality of Life (RT-QOL) and Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) instruments. An adjusted regression model was used to determine associations among NVS the emotional well-being subscale on the RT-QOL, and patient perception of physician compassion and respect on the IPC.Results94 patients completed all instruments. HL was proficient (high HL) in 59.6% and less than proficient (low HL) in 40.4%. HL was positively associated with RT-QOL emotional well-being,r(94)=0.212, p=0.040. However, higher rating of surgeon compassion and respect on IPC moderated the relationship between HL and emotional well-being such that patients with low HL and high perception of physician compassion and respect had similar emotional well-being as the high HL group (p=0.042).ConclusionFavorable patient perception of surgeon compassion and respect was correlated with higher emotional well-being, independent of HL proficiency. Although the allocation of resources toward improving HL disparities remains warranted, improving patient perception of caregiver compassion during hospitalization may be a target of opportunity with respect to improving quality of life after hospital discharge.Level of evidenceLevel III.
General relativity versus dark matter for rotating galaxies
Authors: Srivastava Yogendra , Immirzi Giorgio , Swain John , Panella Orlando , Pacetti Simone 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA very general class of axially symmetric metrics in general relativity (GR) that includes rotations is used to discuss the dynamics of rotationally supported galaxies. The exact vacuum solutions of the Einstein equations for this extended Weyl class of metrics allow us to rigorously deduce the following: (i) GR rotational velocity always exceeds the Newtonian velocity (thanks to Lenz’s law in GR). (ii) A non-vanishing intrinsic angular momentum (J) for a galaxy demands the asymptotic constancy of the Weyl (vectorial) length parameter (a)—a behaviour identical to that found for the Kerr metric. (iii) Asymptotic constancy of the same parameter a also demands a plateau in the rotational velocity. Unlike the Kerr metric, the extended Weyl metric can and has been continued within the galaxy, and it has been shown under what conditions Gauß and Ampére laws emerge along with Ludwig’s extended gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) theory with its attendant non-linear rate equations for the velocity field. Better estimates (than that from the Newtonian theory) for the escape velocity of the Sun have been presented.
Magnetic-induced spontaneous scalarization in dynamical Chern–Simons gravity
Authors: Zhang Shao-Jun , Wang Bin , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios , Wang Anzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the framework of the dynamical Chern–Simons gravity, we study the scalar field perturbations of the Reissner–Nordström–Melvin spacetime, which describes a charged black hole permeated by a uniform magnetic field. In the presence of the magnetic field, the scalar field acquires an effective mass whose square takes negative value in the half domain of the angular direction. This inevitably introduces the tachyonic instability and associated spontaneous scalarization as long as the coupling constant between the scalar field and the Chern–Simons invariant exceeds a threshold value. We study the object pictures of the time evolutions of the scalar field perturbations at the linear level, and find that the presence of the magnetic field will dramatically change the waveforms and associated ringdown modes. Nonlinear evolutions for the unstable perturbations are also performed in the decoupling limit, which demonstrate the scalar cloud as the final fate. Influences of the coupling constant and the black hole charge on the wave dynamics are also studied.