bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Triaxial Creep Test on Gravelly Slip Zone Soil of a Giant Landslide: Innovative Attempts and Findings
Authors: Tan Qinwen , Tang Huiming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, numerous landslides catastrophes have occurred, generating considerable financial losses and other tolls. The deformational and mechanical properties of sliding zone soil would be of primary significance to landslide research, as the sliding zone basically controls the initiation and mobility of the landslide. An in situ triaxial test was carried out on a sample from the sliding zone of the Riverside Slump 1# landslide, a subdivision of the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges area of China. The test results indicate that a. the sliding zone exhibits low compressibility due to the high rock content (54.3%) and long-time consolidation by the overlying soil mass; b. only decaying creep occurs without abrupt failure, and a constitutive equation with both linear and nonlinear viscoplastic terms is deduced to accurately fit the test data; c. the surface with an orientation of 35° presents anisotropic traits in terms of displacement, possibly due to cracks that formed at similar orientations within the sample cube; and d. the creep behavior of the landslide may be closely related to the properties of the sliding zone soil. When a similar stress magnitude to that of the in situ stress environment is applied to the sample, the sliding zone soil behavior matches the landslide behavior. The test results indicate that the Huangtupo 1# landslide will continue to creep, as interpreted from the deformation and properties of the sample. However, unavoidable limitations of the test and extreme external factors, namely, unexpected rainfall and water fluctuation, cannot be ignored.
Amplitude/operator basis in chiral perturbation theory
Authors: Low Ian , Shu Jing , Xiao Ming-Lei , Zheng Yu-Hui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We establish a systematic construction of the on-shell amplitude/operator basis for Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) in D = 4 spacetime dimensions and with an arbitrary number of flavors Nf. For kinematic factors, we employ spinor-helicity variables to construct the soft blocks, which are local amplitudes satisfying the Adler’s zero condition, as well as to take into account the reduction in the kinematic basis due to the Gram determinant, which arises at O(p10) when the number of multiplicity N in an amplitude becomes large: N > D. For flavor factors, we include group-theoretic relations at small Nf, Nf≤ N, which decreases the flavor basis. The result is obtained by adapting the Young tensor method of constructing the operator basis for generic effective field theories to the case of non-linearly realized symmetries. Working in the massless quark limit, we present purely mesonic operators for both even- and odd-parity at O(p6) and O(p8) for N = 6 and arbitrary Nf, and establish a direct correspondence between the amplitude basis and the operator basis. Furthermore, the redundancy due to the Gram determinant is studied at O(p10) for N = 6, 8 and 10.
On the Hagedorn temperature in holographic confining gauge theories
Authors: Bigazzi Francesco , Canneti Tommaso , Cotrone Aldo L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The divergence of the string partition function due to the exponential growth of states is a well-understood issue in flat spacetime. It can be interpreted as the appearance of tachyon modes above a certain temperature, known as the Hagedorn temperature TH. In the literature, one can find some intuitions about its generalization to curved spacetimes, where computations are extremely hard and explicit results cannot be provided in general. In this paper, we present a genus-zero estimate of TH, at leading order in α′, for string theories on curved backgrounds holographically dual to confining gauge theories. This is a particularly interesting case, since the holographic correspondence equates TH with the Hagedorn temperature of the dual gauge theories. For concreteness we focus on Type IIA string theory on a well known background dual to an SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. The resulting Hagedorn temperature turns out to be proportional to the square root of the Yang-Mills confining string tension. The related coefficient, which at leading order is analytically determined, is the same as the one for Type II theories in flat space. While the calculation is performed in a specific model, the result applies in full generality to confining gauge theories with a top-down holographic dual.
Label-free sub-micrometer 3D imaging of ciprofloxacin in native-state biofilms with cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Akbari Anoosheh , Galstyan Anzhela , Peterson Richard E. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , Tyler Bonnie J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging has been identified as a key technology needed to improve understanding of the chemical components that influence antibiotic resistance within biofilms, which are communities of micro-organisms that grow attached to a surface. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) offers the unique ability for label-free 3D imaging of organic molecules with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Several studies of biofilms have been done with the help of ToF–SIMS, but none of those studies have shown 3D imaging of antibiotics in native-state hydrated biofilms with cell-level resolution. Because ToF–SIMS measurements must be performed in a high-vacuum environment, cryogenic preparation and analysis are necessary to preserve the native biofilm structure and antibiotic spatial distribution during ToF–SIMS measurements. In this study, we have investigated the penetration of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin into Bacillus subtilis biofilms using sub-micrometer resolution 3D imaging cryo-ToF–SIMS. B. subtilis biofilms were exposed to physiologically relevant levels of ciprofloxacin. The treated biofilms were then plunge-frozen in liquid propane and analyzed with ToF–SIMS under cryogenic conditions. Multivariate analysis techniques, including multivariate curve resolution (MCR) and inverse maximum signal factor (iMSF) denoising, were used to aid analysis of the data and facilitate high spatial resolution 3D imaging of the biofilm, providing individually resolved cells and spatially resolved ciprofloxacin intensity at “real world” concentrations.
Graphical Abstract
The Characteristic Dimension of Four-Dimensional $${\mathcal {N}}$$ = 2 SCFTs
Authors: Cecotti Sergio , Zotto Michele Del , Martone Mario , Moscrop Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the characteristic dimension of a four dimensional $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

superconformal field theory, which is an extraordinary simple invariant determined by the scaling dimensions of its Coulomb branch operators. We prove that only nine values of the characteristic dimension are allowed, $$-\infty $$

-
∞

, 1 ,6/5, 4/3, 3/2, 2, 3, 4, and 6, thus giving a new organizing principle to the vast landscape of 4d $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

SCFTs. Whenever the characteristic dimension differs from 1 or 2, only very constrained special Kähler geometries (i.e. isotrivial, diagonal and rigid) are compatible with the corresponding set of Coulomb branch dimensions and extremely special, maximally strongly coupled, BPS spectra are allowed for the theories which realize them. Our discussion applies to superconformal field theories of arbitrary rank, i.e. with Coulomb branches of any complex dimension. Along the way, we predict the existence of new $${{\mathcal {N}}}=3$$

N
=
3

theories of rank two with non-trivial one-form symmetries.
China’s environmental solutions
Authors: Schmid Rolf , Xiong Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
China emits unproportionately high concentrations of CO2 and, due to rapid population growth and industrialization, suffers from air, water, and soil pollution. However, many of these challenges for sustainable growth are being vigorously addressed, and China aims at a CO2 emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 (“dual carbon policy”). In addition, nation-wide programs attempt to achieve reforestation and ecological restoration. By 2025, core elements of a “bioeconomy” and a circular economy are expected to be ready. Many of these programs extend into China’s international “belt-and-road” initiative (BRI). In this article, we briefly describe the present achievements of China’s environmental solutions and the country’s visions for a “digital, eco-friendly civilization.”

Key points
• China’s steps towards environmental cleaning, eco-protection, and decarbonization.
• Steps towards a future bioeconomy.
Determinants of activity and efficacy of anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors recruited in a clinical trials unit: a longitudinal prospective biomarker-based study
Authors: García-Corbacho Javier , Indacochea Alberto , González Navarro Azucena E. , Victoria Iván , Moreno Débora , Pesántez David , Angelats Laura , Modrego-Sanchez Andrea , Sanfeliu Esther , Castillo Oleguer , Blasco Paula , Mezquita Laura , Viñolas Nuria , Nogué Miquel , Galván Patricia , Adamo Barbara , Basté Neus , Sauri Tamara , Juan Manel , Prat Aleix , Schettini Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer. However, optimal patient selection is still an unmet need. One-hundred-forty-six patients with metastatic cancer candidates to ICI at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona Clinical Trials Unit were prospectively recruited in this observational study. Blood samples were collected at different timepoints, baseline LIPI score calculated and pre-ICI archived tissues retrieved to evaluate PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD1 mRNA levels. Tumor assessments were centrally reviewed by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Associations with overall response rates (ORR), durable clinical benefit (DCB), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed with univariable/multivariable logistic and Cox regressions, where appropriate. At a median follow-up of 26.9 months, median PFS and OS were 2.7 and 12.9 months. Response rates were 17.8% with duration of response (DOR) of 4.4 months. LIPI score was independently associated with PFS (p = 0.025) and OS (p < 0.001). Immunotherapy-naïve status was independently associated with better PFS (p = 0.005). Time-to-best response (TTBR) and ORR (p < 0.001 both) were associated with better OS at univariate analysis. PFS and DOR were moderately correlated with OS (p < 0.001 both). A PD-L1 10% cut-off detected worse/best responders in terms of ORR (univariate p = 0.011, multivariate p = 0.028) and DCB (univariate p = 0.043). PD1 mRNA levels were strikingly associated to complete responses (p = 0.021). To resume, in our prospective observational pan-cancer study, baseline LIPI score, immunotherapy-naïve status, cancer type and RT before starting ICI were the most relevant clinical factors independently correlated with immunotherapy outcomes. Longer TTBR seemed to associate with better survival, while PD1 mRNA and PD-L1 protein levels might be tumor-agnostic predictive factors of response to ICI and should be furtherly explored.
Contact tracing & super-spreaders in the branching-process model
Authors: Müller Johannes , Hösel Volker 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, it became clear that super-spreader events play an important role, particularly in the spread of airborne infections. We investigate a novel model for super-spreader events, not based on a heterogeneous contact graph but on a random contact rate: Many individuals become infected synchronously in single contact events. We use the branching-process approach for contact tracing to analyze the impact of super-spreader events on the effect of contact tracing. Here we neglect a tracing delay. Roughly speaking, we find that contact tracing is more efficient in the presence of super-spreaders if the fraction of symptomatics is small, the tracing probability is high, or the latency period is distinctively larger than the incubation period. In other cases, the effect of contact tracing can be decreased by super-spreaders. Numerical analysis with parameters suited for SARS-CoV-2 indicates that super-spreaders do not decrease the effect of contact tracing crucially in case of that infection.
Electromechanical and electrochemical properties of highly filled Titanium composites for PEM bipolar plates
Authors: Gaudig Maria , Münchgesang Wolfram , Martins de Souza e Silva Juliana , Pascher Fabian , Hickmann Thorsten , Wehrspohn Ralf B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTitanium polymer composites are evaluated concerning their suitability as bipolar plates in acid water electrolysis as a replacement of milled Titanium bipolar plates. It turns out that our highly filled polymer composites with 80 wt.-% Titanium powder meet all criteria given by US Department of Energy concerning electric conductivity and mechanical stability. Concerning the electrochemical corrosion test, an improved behavior is obtained by coating the composites by a 0.5 $$\mu$$
μ
m thin Titanium layer. The coated Titanium composite bipolar plate has been successfully integrated in a PEM fuel cell. The polarization curves show good electrolysis performances for short time, but further improvements on the coating and the surface roughness need to be made for long-time stability.
Adventure Legal Medicine: a free online serious game for supplementary use in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Anders Sven , Steen Antonia , Müller Tjark , Krause Waldemar , Sanwald Annika , Raupach Tobias , Ondruschka Benjamin , Krebs Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSerious games (computer-based learning games) are increasingly used in medical education at various levels, as user access is independent of location and time and promotes non-linear learning. In legal medicine, interactive digital media are still scarce. The freely accessible online serious game “Adventure Legal Medicine” was developed as part of the “Hamburg Open Online University”. The goal was to teach the basics of forensic casework in a point-and-click adventure setting consisting of five cases. During development, 40 medical students were asked to evaluate the game anonymously. The System Usability Scale (SUS) resulted in a mean score of 86.7 (SD 8.3), which corresponds to above-average usability. Further specific evaluations revealed a good to very good rating of the game with no differences in terms of gender (p = 0.214), first-year versus advanced students (p = 0.393) and students who never/rarely or sometimes/often played computer games (p = 0.780). Since there are only a few digital media so far that allow curricular integration into undergraduate teaching in legal medicine, this serious game represents a possibility to integrate digital media into both face-to-face teaching and distance learning and to use it as a supplement to the medical school’s own teaching offer, encouraging users to actively engage with the subject.
Two cases of SMA syndrome after neurosurgical injury to the frontal aslant tract
Authors: Agyemang Kevin , Rose Anna , Sheikh Mustafa El , Asha Mutiu , Molinari Emanuela , Fullerton Natasha E. , Brennan David , Grivas Athanasios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupplementary
motor area (SMA) syndrome is characterised by transient disturbance in volitional movement and speech production which classically occurs after injury to the medial premotor area. We present two cases of SMA syndrome following isolated surgical injury to the frontal aslant tract (FAT) with the SMA intact. The first case occurred after resection of a left frontal operculum tumour. The second case occurred after a transcortical approach to a ventricular neurocytoma. The clinical picture and fMRI activation patterns during recovery were typical for SMA syndrome and support the theory that the FAT is a critical bundle in the SMA complex function.
Neurocognitive monitoring in patients undergoing opioid pain medication after spinal surgery: a feasibility study of a new monitoring method
Authors: Butenschoen Vicki Marie , Wriedt Ferdinand , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Patients undergoing spinal surgery require postoperative pain management to alleviate wound pain. Pain medication includes WHO grade 1 analgesic as well as potent opioids, potentially leading to cognitive decline. Up until now, the cognitive impairment is only poorly studied and difficult to monitor. We hereby investigate the feasibility of a digital monitoring method for neurocognitive function under opioid medication after spinal instrumentation.

Methods
Prospective monocenter feasibility study enrolling patients before undergoing spinal surgery. We performed cognitive testing using a tablet-based application before (baseline), as well as on day 2 after surgery (intravenous opioids), before discharge (oral opioids), and at follow-up. We recorded the exact pain medication and its other side effects. Potential risk factors for the postoperative decline in cognition included age, high-dose opioid application, and length of surgery.

Results
We included 20 patients in our study. The baseline assessment revealed no cognitive impairment before surgery. All patients underwent dorsal instrumentation for degenerative (60%), osteoporotic fracture (15%), or spinal tumor (25%) indications. Cognitive testing after surgery showed a significant decline under intravenous opioid therapy including short time and delayed verbal recall (p < 0.001) as well as arithmetic fluency. Cognitive performance significantly improved with partial recovery until follow-up and opioid discontinuation.

Conclusion
Cognition testing and monitoring of neurocognitive decline under high-dose opioid medication were feasible using the digital tablet-based application. The cognition app helps to identify difficulties in cognitive function as a side effect of overdosage in opioid medication, and care givers should evaluate the risk of non-comprehension and impaired informed consent appropriately.
Biomechanical properties of periodontal tissues in non-periodontitis and periodontitis patients assessed with an intraoral computerized electronic measurement device
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Jervøe-Storm Pia-Merete , Henrichs Isabel , Lensing Ina , Müller Alja Larissa , Cosgarea Raluca , Keilig Ludger , Bourauel Christoph , Jepsen Søren 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify tooth mobility (TM) by time-dependent tooth displacement using an electronic intra-oral loading device (ILD) in periodontally healthy and periodontally compromised patients.

Materials and methods
Twenty-eight untreated periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy patients [25 female and 26 male; ages: 20–81 years], contributing with 68 teeth (periodontitis: nteeth = 28; non-periodontitis: nteeth = 40), participated in the study. TM was measured in vivo by displacing central or lateral incisors to a maximum of 0.2 mm orally over durations of 0.5 s, 1 s, and 10 s with the ILD. The maximum force (Fmax) was extracted from the measured force/deflection curves for every single measurement.

Results
Differences in TM-ILD values were found for periodontitis as compared to non-periodontitis patients derived from the same loading durations (differences of 3.9 (0.5 s), 3.1 (1 s), 2.8 (10 s), (95% CI for 0.5 s (1.2–6.7), p = 0.024; 1 s (1.4–6.0), p = 0.067; 10 s (0.2–5.3), p = 0.001), rejecting the null hypothesis of no difference (T-test) for durations of 0.5 and 10 s. There was a significant correlation of TM-ILD (Fmax) with BOP at 0.5 s (– 0.52) and with attachment loss at all time durations (– 0.47 at 0.5 s; – 0.57 at 1 s; – 0.47 at 10 s).

Conclusions
This clinical investigation could demonstrate that time-dependent tooth displacements using a new computerized electronic device were associated with attachment loss and bleeding on probing.

Clinical relevance
ILD can improve the monitoring of tooth mobility, as TM-ILD values reflect qualitative (inflammatory status interpreted by BOP) and quantitative parameters (interpreted as the amount of CAL loss) of periodontal disease.
Optimal design and assessment of tuned mass damper inerter with nonlinear viscous damper in seismically excited multi-storey buildings
Authors: Rajana Komal , Wang Zixiao , Giaralis Agathoklis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) has been demonstrated in several theoretical studies to be an effective vibration absorber for the seismic protection of non-isolated buildings. Its effectiveness relies on careful tuning of the TMDI stiffness and damping properties, while its performance improves with the increase of the inertance property which is readily scalable. Nevertheless, in all previous studies, the energy dissipative TMDI element has been modelled by a linear viscous damper. Still, commercial viscous dampers display a nonlinear velocity-dependent power law behavior. In this regard, this paper investigates, for the first time in literature, the potential of the TMDI fitted with nonlinear viscous damper (NVD) for seismic response protection of multi-storey buildings. This is supported by an efficient optimal nonlinear TMDI (NTMDI) tuning approach which accounts for any absorber connectivity to the building structure and employs statistical linearization to treat the nonlinear damping term. For the special case of white-noise excited undamped buildings, optimal NTMDI tuning is derived analytically in closed-form which is shown to be sufficiently accurate for lightly damped structures. Comprehensive numerical data are presented to delineate trends of optimal NVD damping coefficient with the NVD power-law exponent and the inertance. Further, nonlinear response history analysis results pertaining to optimally tuned NTMDI application for a benchmark 9-storey steel structure demonstrate that reduced NTMDI stroke and inerter force can be achieved with negligible change in storey drifts and floor acceleration performance by adopting lower NVD exponent values, leading to practically beneficial NTMDI deployments.