bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel HMGA2::KITLG fusion in a dedifferentiated liposarcoma with amplification of MDM2 and HMGA2
Authors: Zhou Shishan , Zhang Changliang , Zhang Zhipeng , Hu Yongbin , Zhao Lina , Hu Wentao , Chen Si , Li Bin , Xiao Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) is rearranged in various types of mesenchymal tumors, particularly lipomas. HMGA2 is also co‐amplified with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in well‐differentiated liposarcoma/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We report a case of relapsed DDLPS with a novel in‐frame fusion between HMGA2 and KITLG, which encodes the ligand for KIT kinase, a critical protein involved in gametogenesis, hematopoiesis, and melanogenesis. The HMGA2 breakpoint is in intron 3, a commonly observed location for HMGA2 rearrangements, while the KITLG breakpoint is in intron 2, leading to a fusion protein that contains almost the entire coding sequence of KITLG. By immunohistochemical staining, tumor cells expressed KIT and showed phosphorylated MAPK, a major KIT downstream target. We suggest an oncogenic mechanism that involves the overexpression of KITLG caused by its rearrangement with HMGA2, leading to the constitutive activation of KIT kinase. While MDM2 amplification was observed in both the primary tumor and the relapsed tumor, the HMGA2::KITLG was only present in the relapsed tumor, indicating the role of HMGA2::KITLG in disease progression.
A clinician's guide to gallstones and common bile duct (CBD): A study protocol for a systematic review and evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Sebghatollahi Vahid , Parsa Mohammadreza , Minakari Mohammad , Azadbakht Saleh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsGallstones are one of the most common and costly diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and occur when a combination of deposits consisting of fat or minerals accumulate in the gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of gallstone epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, focusing on current clinical guidelines and evidence‐based approaches.MethodsA systematic literature review gathered information from various sources, including PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and reputable medical association websites. Keywords related to gallstones, CBD stones, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and guidelines were used to extract relevant recommendations. Expert consultations and consensus meetings localized the recommendations based on the target population and available resources.ResultsThe paper discusses demographic factors, dietary habits, and lifestyle influences contributing to gallstone formation. Gallstones are categorized into cholesterol and pigment types, with varying prevalences across regions. Many individuals with gallstones remain asymptomatic, but complications can lead to serious and potentially life‐threatening conditions. Diagnosis relies on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and transabdominal ultrasound. Specific predictive factors help categorize patients into high, moderate, or low probability groups for CBD stones.ConclusionEvidence‐based recommendations for gallstone diagnosis and management are presented, emphasizing individualized treatment plans. Surgical interventions, nonsurgical treatments like oral litholysis with UDCA, and stenting are discussed. The management of gallstones in pregnant women is also addressed, considering the potential risks and appropriate treatment options during pregnancy.
Serotyping and molecular profiles of virulence‐associated genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from teaching hospitals of Ardabil, Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maleki Neda Same , Babazadeh Forough , Arzanlou Mohsen , Teimourpour Roghayeh , Dogaheh Hadi Peeri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram‐negative bacterium that colonized various organs. This bacterium is associated with different community‐acquired and hospital‐acquired infections. The present study aims to assess the capsular serotypes and frequency of virulence‐associated genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from teaching hospitals in Ardabil, Iran.MethodsFrom October 1, 2019, to November 31, 2021, different clinical samples were collected and K. pneumoniae isolates were diagnosed using conventional biochemical tests. The final identification of K. pneumoniae was performed through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using a specific primer targeting the khe gene. The PCR method was employed to confirm the presence of virulence‐associated genes and aerobactin, and the main capsular serotypes based on the specific primers.ResultsOf all 100 K. pneumoniae isolates, 4% and 2% were typeable with K5 and K2 primers, respectively. In addition, entB (94%), fimH (91%), and wcaG (87%) had the highest frequency among the virulence‐associated genes. 24% of K. pneumoniae isolates harbored the entB‐wcaG‐fimH genes simultaneously. Moreover, 50% of capsular serotype 5 harbored the ybts‐mrkD‐entB‐wcaG‐fimH genes simultaneously.ConclusionThe findings revealed that 6% of all K. pneumoniae isolates were typeable, distributed in the two serotypes K5 and K2. Most K. pneumoniae isolates were positive for multiple types of virulence genes. Identifying bacterial virulence genes aids in molecular detection, assay development, and therapeutic pathways.
Snake venom toxins: Potential anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Offor Benedict C. , Piater Lizelle A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSnake venom contains a cocktail of compounds dominated by proteins and peptides, which make up the toxin. The toxin components of snake venom attack several targets in the human body including the neuromuscular system, kidney and blood coagulation system and cause pathologies. As such, the venom toxins can be managed and used for the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, Captopril used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was the first animal venom toxin‐based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Cancers cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to side effects associated with the current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery, there is a need to improve the efficacy of current treatments and/or develop novel drugs from natural sources including animal toxin‐based drugs. There is a long history of earlier and ongoing studies implicating snake venom toxins as potential anticancer therapies. Here, we review the role of crude snake venoms and toxins including phospholipase A2, L‐amino acid oxidase, C‐type lectin and disintegrin as potential anticancer agents tested in cancer cell lines and animal tumour models in comparison to normal cell lines. Some of the anti‐tumour activities of snake venom toxins include induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. We thus propose the advancement of multidisciplinary approaches to more pre‐clinical and clinical studies for enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of snake venom toxin‐based anticancer drugs.
Mild cognitive impairment estimation based on functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yi‐Hua , Chen Wei‐Yu , Liu Yao‐Hong , Li Ting‐Ying , Lin Ching‐Po , Cheong Pou‐Leng , Wang Yi‐Min , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Sun Chia‐Wei , Wu Chau‐Chung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPatients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at a high risk of developing future dementia. However, early identification and active intervention could potentially reduce its morbidity and the incidence of dementia. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been proposed as a noninvasive modality for detecting oxygenation changes in the time‐varying hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex. This study sought to provide an effective method for detecting patients with MCI using fNIRS and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) to evaluate changes in blood oxygenation. The results revealed that all groups with a lower mini‐mental state examination grade had a higher increase in HHb concentration during a modified WCST (MCST). The increase in the change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the stroke group was smaller than that in the normal group due to weak cerebrovascular reactivity.
Immunity in the balance: Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a patient undergoing plasma exchange and immunosuppressive chemotherapy for anti‐glomerular basement membrane disease
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Villalba Cristina A. Figueroa , Stendahl Kristin , Tormey Christopher A. , Abels Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) disease (formerly known as Goodpasture's syndrome) is a rare autoinflammatory condition that affects the renal and/or pulmonary capillaries. The standard therapeutic regimen for anti‐GBM disease involves therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), cyclophosphamide, and corticosteroids to rapidly remove and inhibit autoantibody production and reduce organ inflammation. Herein we report an 82‐year‐old female who developed anti‐GBM disease but expired despite therapy, secondary to multi‐organ failure in the setting of disseminated adenovirus disease. We discuss the utility and potential adverse effect of daily TPE for a protracted course (ie, 10‐14 days), the recommended TPE intensity in the 2023 American Society for Apheresis guidelines, updated from every‐other‐day TPE in the 2019 guidelines, despite no new data. We also highlight the potential for unusual infections to occur in these patients due to the profound immunosuppression, and discuss the importance of balancing immunosuppression to treat the disease with close surveillance of any potential opportunistic infections.
Ionization, intrinsic basicity, and intrinsic acidity of unsaturated diols of astrochemical interest: 1,1‐ and 1,2‐ethenediol: A theoretical survey
Authors: Mó Otilia , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe structure, stability, and bonding characteristics of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐ethenediol, their radical cations, and their protonated and deprotonated species were investigated using high‐level ab initio G4 calculations. The electron density of all the neutral and charged systems investigated was analyzed using the QTAIM, ELF, and NBO approaches. The vertical ionization potential (IP) of the five stable tautomers of 1,2‐ethenediol and the two stable tautomers of 1,1‐ethenediol go from 11.81 to 12.27 eV, whereas the adiabatic ones go from 11.00 to 11.72 eV. The adiabatic ionization leads to a significant charge delocalization along the O‐C‐C‐O skeleton. The most stable protonated form of (Z)‐1,2‐ethenediol can be reached by the protonation of both the anti‐anti and the syn‐anti conformers, whereas the most stable deprotonated form arises only from the syn‐anti one. Both charged species are extra‐stabilized by the formation of an O‐H···O intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) which is not found in the neutral system. (Z)‐1,2‐ethenediol is predicted to be less stable, less basic, and more acidic than its cis‐glycolaldehyde isomer. The most stable protonated species of (E)‐1,2‐ethenediol comes from its syn‐syn conformer, although the anti‐anti conformer is the most basic one. Contrarily, the three conformers yield a common deprotonated species, so their acidity follows exactly their relative stability. Again, the (E)‐1,2‐ethenediol is predicted to be less stable, less basic, and more acidic than its trans‐glycolaldehyde isomer. Neither the neutral nor the protonated or the deprotonated forms of 1,1‐ethenediol show the formation of any O‐H···O IHB. The most stable protonated species is formed by the protonation of any of the two tautomers, but the most stable deprotonated form arises exclusively from the syn‐anti neutral conformer. The conformers of 1,1‐ethenediol are much less stable and significantly less basic than their isomer, acetic acid, and only slightly more acidic.
Loss ofmiR‐204andmiR‐211shifts osteochondral balance and causes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Jian , Lai Yumei , Li Jun , Zhao Lan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of TMJ disorders causing pain and dysfunction in the jaw and surrounding tissues. The causes for TMJ OA are unknown and the underlying mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we generated genetically‐modified mice deficient of two homologous microRNAs,miR‐204andmiR‐211, both of which were confirmed by in situ hybridization to be expressed in multiple TMJ tissues, including condylar cartilage, articular eminence, and TMJ disc. Importantly, the loss‐of‐function ofmiR‐204andmiR‐211caused an age‐dependent progressive OA‐like phenotype, including cartilage degradation and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. Mechanistically, the TMJ joint deficient of the two microRNAs demonstrated a significant accumulation of RUNX2, a protein directly targeted bymiR‐204/‐211, and upregulations of β‐catenin, suggesting a disrupted balance between osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in the TMJ, which may underlie TMJ OA. Moreover, the TMJ withmiR‐204/‐211loss‐of‐function displayed an aberrant alteration in both collagen component and cartilage‐degrading enzymes and exhibited exacerbated orofacial allodynia, corroborating the degenerative and painful nature of TMJ OA. Together, our results establish a key role ofmiR‐204/‐211in maintaining the osteochondral homeostasis of the TMJ and counteracting OA pathogenesis through repressing the pro‐osteogenic factors including RUNX2 and β‐catenin.
Postcranial skeleton of Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) (Rodentia: Calomyscidae): Shape, size, function, and locomotor adaptation
Authors: Hamidi Kordiyeh , Matin Maryam M. , Pérez M. Julieta , Kilpatrick C. William , Darvish Jamshid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGoodwin's brush‐tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) is a poorly known small rodent that occupies rocky habitats in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, and Syria. Herein, a detailed description of the shape, size, and function of the postcranial skeleton of this species is presented for the first time. Trapping was carried out in eastern Iran between the years 2013 and 2015. Skeletal parts of 24 adult male specimens were removed using the papain digestion protocol, and several postcranial morphological characteristics and measurements were examined. We attempted to achieve a morpho‐functional characterization of Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse and to match morphological specializations with previous information on the ecology, behavior, and phylogenetic inferences of this rodent. Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse has extended transverse processes and long zygapophyses in the first five caudal vertebrae along with a good innervation of the caudal vertebrae, which has resulted in a well‐developed basal musculature of the tail. It has extended forelimb, long ilium, and short post‐acetabular part of the innominate bone, loose hip joint with high degree of lateral movement of the hindlimb, and long distal elements of the hindlimb. These features have resulted in fast terrestrial movements in open microhabitats, including climbing and jumping. Although superficial scratching of the ground is observed, the species is incapable of digging burrows. Evaluation of postcranial morphological characteristics and character states further indicated the basal radiation of the genus Calomyscus among other Muroidea. Findings constitute a source of information for morpho‐functional and phylogenetic comparisons between Calomyscidae and other mouse‐like muroids.
PET‐based radiomics signature can predict durable responses to CAR T‐cell therapy in patients with large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ligero Marta , Simó Marc , Carpio Cecilia , Iacoboni Gloria , Balaguer‐Montero Maria , Navarro Victor , Sánchez‐Salinas Mario Andres , Bobillo Sabela , Marín‐Niebla Ana , Iraola‐Truchuelo Josu , Abrisqueta Pau , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Bosch Francesc , Perez‐Lopez Raquel , Barba Pere 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a promising treatment option for relapsed or refractory (R/R) large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, only a subset of patients will present long‐term benefit. In this study, we explored the potential of PET‐based radiomics to predict treatment outcomes with the aim of improving patient selection for CAR T‐cell therapy. We conducted a single‐center study including 93 consecutive R/R LBCL patients who received a CAR T‐cell infusion from 2018 to 2021, split in training set (73 patients) and test set (20 patients). Radiomics features were extracted from baseline PET scans and clinical benefit was defined based on median progression‐free survival (PFS). Cox regression models including the radiomics signature, conventional PET biomarkers and clinical variables were performed for most relevant outcomes. A radiomics signature including 4 PET‐based parameters achieved an AUC = 0.73 for predicting clinical benefit in the test set, outperforming the predictive value of conventional PET biomarkers (total metabolic tumor volume [TMTV]: AUC = 0.66 and maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax]: AUC = 0.59). A high radiomics score was also associated with longer PFS and OS in the multivariable analysis. In conclusion, the PET‐based radiomics signature predicted efficacy of CAR T‐cell therapy and outperformed conventional PET biomarkers in our cohort of LBCL patients.
Synoptic circulation patterns of urban floods for the city of Hyderabad
Authors: Mohammed Azharuddin , Regonda Satish Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynoptic fingerprinting of flood driving rainfall events over the Hyderabad city, India were assessed through an unsupervised machine learning technique—self‐organizing maps (SOM) for the period 1979–2020. Flood dates were identified using nonscientific data sources, and then large‐scale climate variables, that is, integrated vapour transport (IVT) and geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500) along with rainfall at daily scale were considered. SOM was applied on IVT and results indicated large spatial scale‐ and season‐specific mechanisms in addition to local circulation systems—this highlights SOM's ability to cluster circulation mechanisms as per the relevance. The rainy seasons, that is, monsoon and postmonsoon showed well‐known moisture pathways. While synoptic systems can be easily linked with monsoon and postmonsoon mechanisms, it is interesting to note that the local systems exist even during the monsoon and postmonsoon season in addition to the summer season. Spatial patterns of Z500 corresponding to SOM nodes of IVT showed the presence of low‐pressure systems (LPSs), tropical cyclones and trough systems. Further analysis was performed, and a total of 35 atmospheric rivers (ARs) were identified. Plots of back trajectories for the selected AR events indicated that Arabian Sea is the main source of moisture in the monsoon season followed by Bay of Bengal for postmonsoon and tropical cyclones in summer season events. Additionally, moisture from land is also observed as another source of moisture. Back‐trajectory analysis further indicated AR‐LPS interaction during the monsoon and ARs feeding moisture to LPSs. Overall, well‐known and season‐specific synoptic systems that brought significant rainfall to the study region were identified by the SOM. The proposed framework is adaptable for different locations, and as floods in cities across the globe are on the rise, these findings will have a prominent role in urban flood forecasting and management.
What are the best methods for rapid reviews of the research evidence? A systematic review of reviews and primary studies
Authors: Haby Michelle M. , Barreto Jorge Otávio Maia , Kim Jenny Yeon Hee , Peiris Sasha , Mansilla Cristián , Torres Marcela , Guerrero‐Magaña Diego Emmanuel , Reveiz Ludovic 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRapid review methodology aims to facilitate faster conduct of systematic reviews to meet the needs of the decision‐maker, while also maintaining quality and credibility. This systematic review aimed to determine the impact of different methodological shortcuts for undertaking rapid reviews on the risk of bias (RoB) of the results of the review. Review stages for which reviews and primary studies were sought included the preparation of a protocol, question formulation, inclusion criteria, searching, selection, data extraction, RoB assessment, synthesis, and reporting. We searched 11 electronic databases in April 2022, and conducted some supplementary searching. Reviewers worked in pairs to screen, select, extract data, and assess the RoB of included reviews and studies. We included 15 systematic reviews, 7 scoping reviews, and 65 primary studies. We found that several commonly used shortcuts in rapid reviews are likely to increase the RoB in the results. These include restrictions based on publication date, use of a single electronic database as a source of studies, and use of a single reviewer for screening titles and abstracts, selecting studies based on the full‐text, and for extracting data. Authors of rapid reviews should be transparent in reporting their use of these shortcuts and acknowledge the possibility of them causing bias in the results. This review also highlights shortcuts that can save time without increasing the risk of bias. Further research is needed for both systematic and rapid reviews on faster methods for accurate data extraction and RoB assessment, and on development of more precise search strategies.
A Versatile Elastin‐Like Carrier for Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Delivery
Authors: Colomina – Alfaro Laura , Sist Paola , Marchesan Silvia , Urbani Ranieri , Stamboulis Artemis , Bandiera Antonella 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides are biotechnological protein and peptide carriers that offer a vast scope of applicability. This work aims to build a model for the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by genetically engineering the Human Elastin‐like Polypeptide platform developed in the lab. The well‐characterized AMP indolicidin is selected as an example of an antimicrobial domain for the recombinant fusion at the C‐terminus of the carrier. The fusion construct has been designed to allow the release of the antimicrobial domain. The expression product has been purified and its physicochemical and antimicrobial properties has been characterized. Taking advantage of the self‐assembling and matrix‐forming properties of the recombinant biopolymer, the materials that are obtained have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity toward bacterial‐strain models. This approach represents a cost‐effective strategy for the production of smart components and materials endowed with antimicrobial capacity triggered by external stimuli.