bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SiN/VO2/SiN Sandwich‐Based Resonant Waveguide Grating to Produce Thermally Activated Optical Components
Authors: Bleu Yannick , Bruhier Hugo , Pouit Thomas , Valour Arnaud , Jamon Damien , Crespo‐Monteiro Nicolas , Dubost Laurent , Bourquard Florent , Donnet Christophe , Parriaux Olivier , Jourlin Yves 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) at ≈68 °C enables a variety of optical applications, including switching and modulation, and tuning of optical resonators. This work designs and demonstrates a novel thermally activated optical switch consisting of a SiN/VO2/SiN multilayer sandwich structure with an AMONIL‐based grating with a reduced transition temperature of 47 °C. The optical switching in the multilayer is due to the IMT of the VO2‐embedded layer. Here, the asymmetrical TE1 mode exhibiting a quasi‐zero electric field in the center of the multilayer waveguide is excited in the resonant waveguide grating (RWG) structure under normal incidence via the AMONIL‐based grating printed on top, leading to high resonant transmittance (75%) at room temperature. Increasing the temperature to more than 47 °C causes VO2 to undergo an insulator‐to‐metal transition accompanied by optical modifications in the IR region, completely canceling the resonance effect, while reducing the transmittance to 30%. Further, the modeling results aimed at optimizing the design of the experimental structure. These results demonstrate good performance of the proposed design and pave the way to fabricate VO2‐based optical switches for photonics applications including lasers, sensors, and detectors, in which external stimuli such as heat affect the transmittance or reflectance spectrum.
Complex Refractive Index Extraction for Ultrathin Molybdenum Oxides Using Micro‐Photonic Integrated Circuit Chips
Authors: Hu Yihong , Ma Qijie , Zhang Bao Yue , Ren Guanghui , Ou Rui , Xu Kai , Salek Alan , Yang Yunyi , Wen Xiaoming , Li Qi , Ha Nam , Trinh Vien , Ou Jian Zhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emerging 2D nanomaterials with unique optical properties are promising for next‐generation miniatured on‐chip devices. One of the prerequisites is to precisely measure their optical parameters during their implementation. However, the inherent features of 2D layers, including limited lateral dimensions and ultra‐small thicknesses, are not favorable to the conventional characterization techniques applied in the bulk system, especially for optical complex refractive indices measurement. Here, this work proposes a silicon photonics‐enabled platform to evaluate the complex refractive indices of ultrathin 2D materials in a facile and reliable manner. Ultrathin molybdenum oxides (MoOx) with multiple stoichiometric states are selected as the target 2D material to provide sufficient complexity of the system for investigation. Upon the integration of ultrathin MoOx, the silicon photonic chip, in the form of a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer, exhibits wavelength shifts which are used for calculating the optical complex refractive indices. Compared with the theoretical calculation, the deviation is as low as 1% and generally less than 5%. This work demonstrates a highly accurate and reliable approach for measuring the complex refractive index of 2D films, possibly assisting future advances in 2D materials‐enabled optical and photonic applications.
Why Membranes Matter: Ion Exchange Membranes in Holistic Process Optimization of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Heßelmann Matthias , Minten Hannah , Geissler Tristan , Keller Robert Gregor , Bardow André , Wessling Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReducing carbon dioxide to value‐added chemicals by electrolysis is a promising strategy to substitute fossil‐based processes. Research on CO2 electrolysis has vastly progressed, focusing on catalysis and electrode design, leaving an essential question on the central part of the electrolyzer: Which type of ion exchange membrane is best suited for CO2 electrolysis from an economic perspective? To address this question, holistic process optimization of CO2 reduction and product purification is applied. The findings demonstrate that CO2 electrolysis with an anion exchange membrane shows competitive production costs for CO of 796 €/tCO, outperforming cation exchange and bipolar membranes. Unlike often described, the CO2 pumping effect does not significantly impair the economics but offers an efficient indirect regeneration of dissociated CO2. Furthermore, the results emphasize selective reduction of CO2 rather than co‐electrolysis of CO2 and H2O. While pointing to a positive economic perspective, life‐cycle assessment highlights the need to minimize CO2 emissions related to electricity consumption and incomplete CO2 utilization.
Potassium Acetate Passivated SnO2 Interface for High‐Efficiency Two‐Step Deposited Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Ding Shuo , Wu Chunyan , Qian Lei , Xiang Chaoyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quality of the tin dioxide interface has an important impact on the performance of perovskite solar cells. Herein, a facile potassium acetate strategy to effectively treat the SnO2/perovskite interface and enhance the film quality of perovskite crystals is used. The defect density at the interface can be reduced, thereby suppressing the nonradiative recombination of excitons. Enhanced performance of the two‐step deposited perovskite device is obtained with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.173 V, a fill factor of 78.31%, and a power conversion efficiency of 23.63%.
Low‐Concentration Hydrogel Polyelectrolyte with In Situ Formed Interphases Enables 2.7 V Aqueous Pouch Cell
Authors: Qin Tianfeng , Li Kaiwen , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo maximize energy output, aqueous zinc‐based batteries are pushed to extreme potentials far beyond thermodynamic stability limit of aqueous electrolytes. Interphases at interfaces of electrodes/electrolytes are needed to make aqueous batteries stable and reversible kinetically. The absence of interphases at interfaces of hydrogel/electrodes severely impedes aqueous batteries operating in extreme potentials, although low‐concentration hydrogels are regarded as promising polyelectrolytes. Herein, a type of initiator system as cross‐linking agent is developed that makes hydrogel polyelectrolyte spontaneously in situ form interphases at 25 °C and darkness. This widens the electrochemical stability window of hydrogel polyelectrolyte to above 3.5 V. Also, the initiator system makes the designed hydrogel become a single ion conductor, increasing ionic conductivity to ≈280 mS cm−1. This hydrogel pushes a zinc//LiMn2O4 pouch cell to operate stably in a voltage window of 0.2 to 2.7 V and deliver high energy densities (e.g., 471 Wh kgLiMn2O4−1 at 2.2 mgLiMn2O4 cm−2; 203 Wh kgLiMn2O4−1, 7.1 mgLiMn2O4 cm−2) and excellent rate capabilities (e.g., 410 mAh g−1 at 0.11 C, 50 mAh g−1 at 57 C, 2.2 mgLiMn2O4 cm−2; 175 mAh g−1 at 0.7 C, 70 mAh g−1 at 7.5 C, and 7.1 mgLiMn2O4 cm−2).
Iron‐Catalyzed N, N‐formyl Ethylation of Amines
Authors: Patel Monak , Sharma Siddhant , Bhukya Hussain , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Naveen Togati 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn organic synthesis, formamides are the most abundant class of compounds owing to their importance as the building blocks in synthetic and industrial organic chemistry. Formamides are also one of the most valuable intermediates produced in drug synthesis and act as precursors for the synthesis of therapeutically‐relevant molecules. Here, we developed a simple, practical, and catalytic methodology for the N‐formylation of a wide variety of amines by using iron as a catalyst. This protocol features an inexpensive iron catalyst, short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, good yields, easy workup, and tolerance of a wide variety of functional groups.
The impact of race on olfaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Sofia , Gutierrez Jorge A. , Chapurin Nikita , Nguyen Shaun A. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have identified a higher degree of Olfactory Dysfunction (OD) in Black patients compared to White patients. This study aims to analyze olfactory outcomes in different races.MethodsThe PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to September 5, 2022, for English‐language articles documenting self‐reported and psychophysical OD stratified by race. A meta‐analysis of proportions, comparison of weighted proportions, and comparison of means were performed in MedCalc 20.218. In the quantitative analysis, 79,297 patients were included, comprising 79.3% Whites, 16.1% Blacks, and 4.6% Hispanics.ResultsA total of 14 studies were meta‐analyzed. The prevalence of self‐reported OD in Hispanic, White, and Black patients was 19.5% (95% CI, 16.6% to 22.6%), 17.2% (95% CI, 10.5% to 25.0%), and 13.9% (95% CI, 9.3% to 19.2%), respectively (p < 0.0007). The prevalence of psychophysical OD in Black, White, and Hispanic patients was 30.3% (95% CI, 24.2% to 36.9%), 24.2% (95% CI, 20.1% to 28.5%), and 18.4% (95% CI, 16.3% to 20.7%), respectively (p < 0.0001). Blacks reported a greater extent of unrecognized OD compared to Whites, with a difference of 16.5% (95% CI, 15.0% to 17.9%) versus 5.8% (95% CI, 3.4% to 8.0%), respectively (p < 0.0001). Hispanic rates of self‐reported OD and psychophysical OD were not statistically different.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Blacks have the highest rate of psychophysical OD and are more likely to underreport their awareness compared to Whites.
Postpartum peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency, potentially precipitated by nitrous oxide use
Authors: Greenstein A. M. , Sherratt K. , Mangwiro R. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryNeurological dysfunction which would concern the anaesthetist on labour ward is typically associated with neuraxial blocks. However, an appreciation of other causes is crucial. We present a case of peripheral neuropathy secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency, which highlights the importance of a thorough neurological examination, alongside an understanding of neurological pathophysiology. This is crucial for initiating appropriate referral, subsequent investigations and treatment. Neurological dysfunction secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency may be reversible, following prolonged rehabilitation, so prevention is the best approach, which may require modification of anaesthetic techniques. In addition, at‐risk patients should be screened and treated prior to nitrous oxide use, with alternative methods of labour analgesia advised in very high‐risk individuals. The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency may increase in the future potentially linked to a rise in plant‐based diets, so this picture may be more commonly seen. Added vigilance by the anaesthetist is imperative.
Design and research of high‐performance electromagnetic interference shielding GO/NiNCs/PMMA microcellular foams
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Chiyu , Zhou Yibo , Fan Yijia , Chen Junkang , Hui Linghao , Zhang Xinyuan , Qin Jianbin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh performance electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding composites are of high demand due to increasing EM wave radiation pollution. In this work, GO/NiNCs/PMMA microcellular foams with different GO/NiNCs gradient and 3D conductive filler framework were fabricated by thermal reduction and supercritical CO2 foaming process. With the crosslink of 1D NiNCs and 2D GO sheets, GO/NiNCs framework with electrical conductivity varied from 1.15 × 10−4 to highest 1.09 × 10−1 S/m is fabricated, exhibiting absorption‐dominated electromagnetic interference shieling effectiveness (EMI SE) of 53.62 dB and specific EMI SE of 48.44 dB g−1 cm3 in X‐band. The density of GO/NiNCs/PMMA microcellular foams achieved lowest value of 0.623 g/cm3. Moreover, the foams showed excellent thermal conductivity and compressive strength of 178.76 MPa, indicating excellent application potential in aerospace and electronic field. The thermoplastic polymer matrix also indicates great potential in recycle of the foam material.
Synthesis and rheological properties of water soluble ionic copolymers as modifier fluids at high temperature and saline media
Authors: Jiménez‐Regalado Enrique Javier , de León Gómez Ramón Enrique Díaz , Cadenas‐Pliego Gregorio , St Thomas Claude 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolymer flooding depicts an interesting strategy to improve the enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This work aims with the synthesis of ionic thermo‐responsive copolymers able to be used as rheological modifiers for EOR under harsh conditions (250,000 ppm of NaCl at 150°C). Copolymers composed of different molar ratio of acrylamide, N‐isopropylacrylamide and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid were prepared in aqueous media via free radical polymerization at 50°C using 4,4′‐azobis(‐4″‐cyanopentanoic) acid (ACPA) as initiator. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses demonstrated the structure and molar composition of synthesized copolymers. Rheological measurements performed at different concentration from 1 to 8 wt% demonstrated an increase in the viscosity from 2000 to 600,000 mPa.s. Aqueous mixtures of polymer at 5 wt% and NaCl at different concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) was analyzed. Copolymer ([PAM]/[PNIPAM] = 50/50) displayed a phase separation at 15 wt% of NaCl. Solutions of polymer at 5 and 25 wt% of NaCl were heated at 150°C for 72 h. Results revealed both thermal stability and saline tolerance of copolymers [PAM]/[PNIPAM]/[PAMPS‐Na] = 25/25/50, 35/35/30, and 50/0/50 under harsh conditions with the absence of phase separation of the brine polymer solutions.
The inferior alveolar nerve and its relationship to the mandibular canal
Authors: Yoakum Caitlin , Terhune Claire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious work on the mandibular canal, mental foramen, and mandibular foramen has focused on humans and some other non‐primate mammals (with small sample sizes), but little work has investigated the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) across primates. However, it is important to understand the relationship between the IAN and mandibular canal due to the IAN's close relationship to the teeth and mastication, and thus dietary adaptations. While it is assumed that most bony canals within the skull grow around and form to pre‐existing nervous structures, this relationship has never been validated for the IAN and mandibular canal. MicroCT scans of 273 individuals (131 females, 134 males, and 8 unknown sex) from 68 primate species and three mammalian outgroups, and diceCT scans of 66 individuals (35 females, 23 males, and 8 unknown sex) from 33 primate species and the same mammalian outgroups were used to create 3D models of the IAN and mandibular canal from which cross‐sectional areas were taken at various points on the structures. Using qualitative descriptions, phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis, and phylogenetic ANOVAs, we were able to establish three main conclusions: (1) the mandibular canal is most often not a defined canal within the mandible of primates, (2) when the canal can be identified, the IAN does not comprise most of the space within, and (3) there are significant relationships between the IAN and the corresponding canals, with most showing isometry and the mental foramen/nerve showing negative allometry.
“Don't Say Gay” in Alabama: A taxonomic framework ofLGBTQ+ information support services in public libraries—An exploratory website content analysis of critical resistance
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Jaber Baheya S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe American state of Alabama has recently developed a national notoriety as a toxic place for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning/queer (LGBTQ+) people owing to several laws that have supported human rights violations and denied their civil liberties. This case study assesses how Alabama's public libraries are providing culturally relevant web access and coverage to LGBTQ+ information to meet their needs/concerns in a region that is oppressive to sexual and gender minorities. In the process, it illustrates public libraries' emerging role as simultaneously impotent to the majority's infringements, while finding creative ways to serve as counter narrative spaces of resistance representing “voices” of, and from, the margins. This exploratory assessment is based on documenting web‐based information for LGBTQ+ people in Alabama's 230 public libraries and identifies seven intersectional examples of information offerings, categorized into three groupings: (a) information sources (collections, resources); (b) information policy/planning (assigned role, strategic representation); (c) connections (internal, external, news/events). It provides a taxonomic framework with representative examples that challenge the regional stereotype of solely deficit marginalization. The discussion provides new opportunities to build collaborations of sharing within Alabama's public library networks to better address LGBTQ+ concerns and inequities in their local and regional communities.
Adaptive neural control with fast approximation for uncertain nonlinear systems: A novel composite learning approach
Authors: Xie Jianbin , Wang Shaocong , Dai Hao , Jia Jinping , Zhang Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn existing adaptive neural control approaches, only when the regressor satisfies the persistent excitation (PE) or interval excitation (IE) conditions, the constant optimal weights of neural network (NN) can be identified, which can be used to establish uncertainties in nonlinear systems. This paper proposes a novel composite learning approach based on adaptive neural control. The focus of this approach is to make the NN approximate uncertainties in nonlinear systems quickly and accurately without identifying the constant optimal weights of the NN. Hence, the regressor does not need to satisfy the PE or IE conditions. In this paper, regressor filtering scheme is adopted to generate prediction error, and then the prediction error and tracking error simultaneously drive the update of NN weights. Under the framework of Lyapulov theory, the proposed composite learning approach can ensure that approximation error of the uncertainty and tracking error of the system states converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero exponentially. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach in terms of fast approximation.
Global longitudinal strain at 3 months after therapy can predict late cardiotoxicity in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Zhiyue , Liu Mei , Zhong Xiaorong , Qin Yupei , Liang Ting , Luo Ting , Yan Xi , Tang Zhuoqin , Wang Xi , Liang Shichu , Li Qian , Ruan Xiaomiao , He Wenfeng , Huang He 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer therapy‐related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR‐CVT) is a major contributor to poor prognosis in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) has predictive value for CTR‐CVT, while few researchers take into account late‐onset CTR‐CVT. This study sought to provide a guide for the prediction of late‐onset CTR‐CVT in primary BC over the 2 years follow‐up via strain and contrast‐enhanced echocardiography.MethodsAnthracycline and anthracycline + targeted medication groups were created from 111 patients with stage I–III primary BC who were prospectively included. The left ventricular diastolic function, LV global long‐axis strain (GLS); left ventricular ejection fraction by contrast‐enhanced echocardiography (c‐LVEF), and electrocardiograms were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the start of cancer treatment. The high‐sensitivity troponin‐T and NT‐pro BNP at baseline and 3 months after chemotherapy were measured.Results(1) LV GLS decreased in BC patients over time. (2) After 12 months' follow‐up, the LV GLS in the anthracycline+ targeted group was lower than in the anthracycline group. After 24 months' follow‐up, the GLS and c‐LVEF in the anthracycline + targeted group declined while the E/e’ increased. (3) Decreased LVEF (56%) and arrhythmia (38%) are the common causes of CTR‐CVT. Lower LVEF was a major factor in late‐onset CTR‐CVT. (4) Combination of LV GLS and c‐LVEF at 3 months were used as predictors for CTR‐CVT and exhibited a higher AUC than either one alone (AUC = 0.929, 95% CI: 0.863–0.970). LV GLS at 3 months can predict the late‐onset CTR‐CVT (AUC = 0.745, p < 0.001), and the cut‐off is 20.32%.ConclusionsAs time went on, the systolic and diastolic dysfunction of BC patients get worsened. The combination of LV GLS and c‐LVEF is better in the prediction of CTR‐CVT. Only the LV GLS at 3 months can predict the late‐onset CTR‐CVT.
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of hepatobiliary pancreatic cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis of European and East Asian populations
Authors: Huang Jinsheng , Li Xujia , Hong Jicheng , Huang Lingli , Jiang Qi , Guo Shunqi , Rong Yuming , Guo Guifang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBoth inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers (HPBC) have been established to cause a huge socioeconomic burden. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close association between IBD and HPBC.MethodsHerein, we utilized inverse‐variance weighting to conduct a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis. We sought to investigate the link between various subtypes of IBD and HPBC. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of our findings, we conducted heterogeneity tests, gene pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.ResultsCompared to the general population, IBD patients in Europe exhibited a 1.22‐fold increased incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.0022–1.4888 (p = 0.0475). We also found a 1.14‐fold increased incidence of PC in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with (95% CI: 1.0017–1.3073, p = 0.0472). In the East Asian population, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was 1.28‐fold higher (95% CI = 1.0709–1.5244, p = 0.0065) in IBD patients than in the general population. Additionally, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients displayed 1.12‐fold (95% CI: 1.1466–1.3334, p < 0.0001) and 1.31‐fold (95% CI: 1.0983–1.5641, p = 0.0027) increased incidences of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), respectively. Finally, the incidence of PC was 1.19‐fold higher in CD patients than in the general population (95% CI = 1.0741–1.3132, p = 0.0008).ConclusionOur study validated that IBD is a risk factor for HPBC. This causal relationship exhibited significant heterogeneity in different European and East Asian populations.