bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the crystallization behavior of TiO2 during annealing: Molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Shizhan , Wu Yunkai 
Published: August 2023

TiO2 is a dielectric material with excellent photocatalytic and photochemical properties. The conversion of TiO2 from an amorphous to crystalline phase significantly improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. However, the crystallization behavior of TiO2 during annealing has been little studied in the field of molecular dynamics. In this paper, the crystallization behavior of TiO2 during annealing under different conditions was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation. To investigate the phase transition process of TiO2, the melting point temperature of the system was calculated by mean square displacement at about 2400 K. The effect of size on structural stability was explored. The radial distribution function and x-ray diffraction curves revealed that the anatase phase appeared over 800 K. Moreover, with the increase in annealing temperature, the anatase content in TiO2 first increased and then decreased, and the rutile phase gradually increased. At a specific temperature, a structure is formed where rutile and anatase coexist. Anatase atoms compete with rutile atoms, and by increasing the temperature, anatase is converted to rutile. The amorphous structure is reduced at high temperatures, improving the crystalline quality. The crystallization behavior of the amorphous structure can improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. TiO2 nanometers have good prospect for application. Therefore, studying the crystallization behavior of TiO2 is essential.
Predator–prey survival pressure is sufficient to evolve swarming behaviors
Authors: Li Jianan , Li Liang , Zhao Shiyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The comprehension of how local interactions arise in global collective behavior is of utmost importance in both biological and physical research. Traditional agent-based models often rely on static rules that fail to capture the dynamic strategies of the biological world. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been proposed as a solution, but most previous methods adopt handcrafted reward functions that implicitly or explicitly encourage the emergence of swarming behaviors. In this study, we propose a minimal predator–prey coevolution framework based on mixed cooperative–competitive multiagent RL, and adopt a reward function that is solely based on the fundamental survival pressure, that is, prey receive a reward of −1 if caught by predators while predators receive a reward of +1. Surprisingly, our analysis of this approach reveals an unexpectedly rich diversity of emergent behaviors for both prey and predators, including flocking and swirling behaviors for prey, as well as dispersion tactics, confusion, and marginal predation phenomena for predators. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the collective behavior of organisms and highlights the potential applications in swarm robotics.
Cavity-enhanced excitation of a quantum dot in the picosecond regime
Authors: Javadi Alisa , Tomm Natasha , Antoniadis Nadia O , Brash Alistair J , Schott Rüdiger , Valentin Sascha R , Wieck Andreas D , Ludwig Arne , Warburton Richard J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A major challenge in generating single photons with a single emitter is to excite the emitter while avoiding laser leakage into the collection path. Ideally, any scheme to suppress this leakage should not result in a loss in the efficiency of the single-photon source. Here, we investigate a scheme in which a single emitter, a semiconductor quantum dot, is embedded in a microcavity. The scheme exploits the splitting of the cavity mode into two orthogonally-polarised modes: one mode is used for excitation, the other for collection. By linking the experiment to theory, we show that the best population inversion is achieved with a laser pulse detuned from the quantum emitter. The Rabi oscillations exhibit an unusual dependence on pulse power. Our theory describes them quantitatively, enabling us to determine the absolute population inversion. By comparing the experimental results with our theoretical model, we determine a population inversion of

98

%

−
5
%

+
1
%

for optimal laser detuning. The Rabi oscillations depend on the sign of the laser-pulse detuning, a phenomenon arising from the non-trivial effect of phonons on the exciton dynamics. The exciton–phonon interaction is included in the theory and gives excellent agreement with all the experimental results.
A possible quadruple point in networks of directed networks under targeted attacks
Authors: Liu Xueming , Lv Mengyu , Xu Wenting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Many real systems are known to interact with one another, forming networks of networks (NONs). Plenty of attention has been poured into the research on the robustness in NONs in the past decade. Previous studies focus on undirected networks, or directed networks under random attacks. While many real networks are directed and how networks of directed networks (NODNs) respond to targeted attacks remains unknown. We thus develop a general analytical tool for analyzing the robustness of NODNs under two kinds of targeted attacks: degree-based attacks and in-degree (out-degree)-based attacks. The analytical tool can perfectly predict the sizes of the final giant strongly connected components and the phase transitions on the NODNs in response to targeted attacks. By applying the tool to synthesis networks, we find that a quadruple point intersected by four different phase regions could appear in the random regular NODNs. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a quadruple point is found in the studies of complex networks. In addition, we find triple points intersected by three phases in networks of directed scale-free networks, and critical points that connect two phases in networks of directed Erdös–Rényi networks. The discovery of these tipping points could help understand network robustness and enable better design of networked systems.
Nonequilibrium kinetics effects in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and reshock processes
Authors: Shan Yiming , Xu Aiguo , Wang Lifeng , Zhang Yudong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Kinetic effects in the inertial confinement fusion ignition process are far from clear. In this work, we study the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and reshock processes by using a two-fluid discrete Boltzmann method. The work begins by interpreting the experiment conducted by Collins and Jacobs (2002, J. Fluid Mech.
464, 113–136). It shows that the shock wave causes substances in close proximity to the substance interface to deviate more significantly from their thermodynamic equilibrium state. The thermodynamic non-equilibrium (TNE) quantities exhibit complex but inspiring kinetic effects in the shock process and behind the shock front. The kinetic effects are detected by two sets of TNE quantities. The first set includes

Δ

2

*

,

Δ

3
,
1

*

,

Δ

3

*

, and

Δ

4
,
2

*

, which correspond to the intensities of the non-organized momentum Flux (NOMF), Non-Organized Energy Flux (NOEF), the flux of NOMF and the flux of NOEF. All four TNE measures abruptly increase in the shock process. The second set of TNE quantities includes

S

̇

NOMF

,

S

̇

NOEF

and

S

̇

sum

, which denote the entropy production rates due to NOMF, NOEF and their summation, respectively. The mixing zone is the primary contributor to

S

̇

NOEF

, while the flow field region outside of the mixing zone is the primary contributor to

S

̇

NOMF

. Additionally, each substance exhibits different behaviors in terms of entropy production rate, and the lighter fluid has a higher entropy production rate than the heavier fluid.
Surface tension-induced biomimetic assembly of cell-laden fibrous bundle construct for muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Ko Ung Hyun , Choung Jinseung , Lee Junho , Park Suk-Hee , Shin Jennifer H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has been long seeking to develop functional muscle tissue that closely resembles natural muscle. This study used a bio-inspired assembly based on the surface tension mechanism to develop a novel method for engineering muscle tissue. This approach enabled uniaxially ordered electrospun fibers to naturally collide into an aligned bundle without the need for manual handling, thereby reducing cell damage during the cell culture procedure. During the assembly procedure, C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a viscous collagen hydrogel that caused wetting while providing adequate structural stability for the cell-fiber construct. In addition, gene expression analysis of the resulting muscle-like fibril bundle revealed improved myogenic differentiation. These findings highlight the potential of using a collagen hydrogel and the surface tension mechanism to construct biologically relevant muscle tissue, offering a promising strategy that may outperform existing approaches. Overall, this study contributes to the development of advanced tissue engineering methods and brings us a step closer to creating functional muscle tissue for therapeutic and regenerative medicine applications.
Effect of surface energy on the shear strength of cfrp/steel adhesive joints
Authors: Hu Yefa , Tong Shitan , Zhang Jinguang , Xia Xu , Wen Xianglong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and metal adhesive joints have the advantages of lightweight structure, simple process, and no disruption of fiber continuity. The strength of adhesive joints has been the weak point of this structure. In order to provide a reference for the safe design of CFRP adhesive joints, the effect of the different surface energy of metal surfaces on the shear strength of CFRP/steel adhesive joints was studied. The surface energy of the metal surface was changed by changing the roughness of the metal surface. Test pieces with different roughness were designed. Roughness measurement tests, contact angle and surface energy measurement tests, and shear strength tests were conducted. It reveals the evolution of surface energy on the shear strength of CFRP/steel joints. The results show that the surface roughening changes the solid–liquid contact angle, enhances the solid surface energy, increases the wettability and adhesive capacity of the adhesive, and ultimately improves the shear strength. Therefore, improving the surface energy of stainless steel surfaces can significantly improve the shear strength of CFRP/stainless steel adhesive joints.
Provision of ambrisentan from a health-system specialty pharmacy affiliated with a pulmonary hypertension Center of Comprehensive Care
Authors: Gutenschwager David W , Patel Anand , Soyad Amanda T , Patel Sweta , Szandzik Edward G , Kelly Bryan , Smith Zachary R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This descriptive report describes the process used to obtain access to providing ambrisentan from a health-system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) affiliated with a pulmonary hypertension Center of Comprehensive Care, develop a pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) care team at the HSSP, and characterize medication adherence and access metrics.

Summary
PAH is a rare disease treated with several specialty medications requiring intensive monitoring. Historically, specialty medications used to treat PAH have been provided by only select specialty pharmacies due to restricted drug distribution channels. It is recommended that patients with PAH receive their care at centers with expertise in the diagnosis and management of this disorder, but the HSSPs at these expert centers are unable to provide specialty PAH medications. The current care model for PAH leads to patients receiving their medical and pharmaceutical care from separate entities. This descriptive report describes a multidisciplinary team’s approach to gaining access to providing ambrisentan and developing a disease state care team within an established HSSP. After implementing this service, specialty pharmacy metrics were assessed, including proportion of days covered (PDC), time to first fill, patient contact rate, Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program compliance, time to prior authorization (PA) approval, rate of optimal adherence (PDC of &gt;80%), and PA renewal rate, to demonstrate a proof-of-concept HSSP model for PAH. In this model, the HSSP was able to demonstrate high-quality specialty pharmacy metrics with regard to medication adherence, medication access, and REMS program compliance.

Conclusion
The development of a PAH care team to provide ambrisentan at an existing HSSP was associated with high adherence rates, efficient and reliable medication access, and REMS program compliance.
Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davitadze Meri , Malhotra Kashish , Khalil Halimah , Hebbar Meghnaa , Tay Chau Thien , Mousa Aya ,   PCOS SEva team, Robinson Lynne , Sheikh Jameela , Melson Eka , Lathia Tejal , Selvan Chitra , Teede Helena , Brennan Leah , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Kempegowda Punith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess differences in body image concerns among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched from inception through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body image concerns. Methodological quality was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system, and included studies were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method based on random or fixed effects models (Review Manager, Version 5).

Results
A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from 9 studies were included. Meta-analysis of 3 studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported higher dissatisfaction with appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (mean difference [MD] = −0.78, I2 = 0%, P &lt; .00001, and MD = 0.22, I2 = 54%, P = .004, respectively). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed higher dissatisfaction with overweight preoccupation, lower body area satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (all P &lt; .001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P = .03).

Conclusions
Those with PCOS experience more significant body image concerns, emphasising the importance of awareness in the clinical care of PCOS. Considering the limited evidence, further studies are warranted to identify drivers and mitigating factors.
Winners do what they fear: exercise and peripheral arterial disease—an umbrella review
Authors: Peñín-Grandes Saúl , López-Ortiz Susana , Maroto-Izquierdo Sergio , Menéndez Héctor , Pinto-Fraga José , Martín-Hernández Juan , Lista Simone , Lucia Alejandro , Santos-Lozano Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize findings from published meta-analyses on the effects of regular exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The review will assess the impact of exercise on functional parameters, health-related quality of life, haemodynamic parameters, physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality.

Methods and results
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (up to May 2023) to identify meta-analyses including randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of regular exercise in patients with PAD. Sixteen studies, with a total of 198 meta-analyses, were identified. Results revealed with strong evidence that patients with PAD who exercised improved functional and health-related quality of life parameters. Specifically, supervised aerobic exercise (i.e. walking to moderate–maximum claudication pain) improves maximum walking distance [mean difference (MD): 177.94 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 142.29–213.60; P &lt; 0.00001; I2: 65%], pain-free walking distance (fixed MD: 68.78 m, 95% CI 54.35–83.21; P &lt; 0.00001; I2: 67%), self-reported walking ability [i.e. distance score (MD: 9.22 points, 95% CI 5.74–12.70; P &lt; 0.00001; I2: 0%), speed score (MD: 8.71 points, 95% CI 5.64–11.77; P &lt; 0.00001, I2: 0%), stair-climbing score (MD: 8.02 points, 95% CI 4.84–11.21; P &lt; 0.00001, I2: 0%), and combined score (MD: 8.76 points, 95% CI 2.78–14.74; P &lt; 0.0001, I2: 0%)], aerobic capacity (fixed MD: 0.62 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.47–0.77, P &lt; 0.00001, I2: 64%), and pain score (MD: 7.65, 95% CI 3.15–12.15; P = 0.0009; I2: 0%), while resistance exercise improves lower limb strength (standardized mean difference: 0.71, 95% CI 0.29–1.13, P = 0.0009; I2: 0%]. Regarding other outcomes, such as haemodynamic parameters, no significant evidence was found, while physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality require further investigation.

Conclusion
Synthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggests that regular exercise may be beneficial for a broad range of functional tasks improving health-related quality of life in patients with PAD. Supervised aerobic exercise is the best type of exercise to improve walking-related outcomes and pain, while resistance exercise is more effective to improve lower limb strength.
Long-read genome assemblies for the study of chromosome expansion: Drosophila kikkawai, Drosophila takahashii, Drosophila bipectinata, and Drosophila ananassae
Authors: Leung Wilson , Torosin Nicole , Cao Weihuan , Reed Laura K , Arrigo Cindy , Elgin Sarah C R , Ellison Christopher E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Flow cytometry estimates of genome sizes among species of Drosophila show a 3-fold variation, ranging from ∼127 Mb in Drosophila mercatorum to ∼400 Mb in Drosophila cyrtoloma. However, the assembled portion of the Muller F element (orthologous to the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) shows a nearly 14-fold variation in size, ranging from ∼1.3 Mb to &gt;18 Mb. Here, we present chromosome-level long-read genome assemblies for 4 Drosophila species with expanded F elements ranging in size from 2.3 to 20.5 Mb. Each Muller element is present as a single scaffold in each assembly. These assemblies will enable new insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of chromosome size expansion.
Health insurance coverage and access to child and maternal health services in West Africa: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Dadjo Joshua , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , Yaya Sanni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
According to the United Nations, the third Sustainable Development Goal, ‘Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-Being at All Ages’, set numerous targets on child and maternal health. Universal health insurance is broadly seen as a solution to fulfil these targets. West Africa is known to have the most severe maternal mortality and under-five mortality rates in the world. This review seeks to understand whether health insurance provides increased access to services for mothers and children in this region.

Methods
The protocol for this review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (CRD42020203859). A search was conducted in the MEDLINE Complete, Embase, CINAHL Complete and Global Health databases. Eligible studies were from West African countries. The population of interest was mothers and children and the outcome of interest was the impact of health insurance on access to services. Data were extracted using a standardized form. The primary outcome was the impact of health insurance on the rate of utilization and access to services. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used for methodological assessment.

Results
Following screening, we retained 49 studies representing 51 study settings. In most study settings, health insurance increased access to child and maternal health services. Other determinants of access were socio-economic factors such as wealth and education.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that health insurance may be a viable long-term strategy to alleviate West Africa's burden of high maternal and child mortality rates. An equity lens must guide future policy developments and significant research is needed to determine how to provide access reliably and sustainably to services for mothers and children in the near and long term.
Paint in the Tube: AI and the Future of Art
Authors: Smith Georgia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
BCS' London offices recently held a retrospective exhibition of digital artist Paul Brown, winner of the ACM SIGGRAPH Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement in Digital Art 2023 for his pioneering efforts in the fields of computational art, generative systems, and cellular automata. Georgia Smith took the opportunity to chat with him about his career, the CAS, and his thoughts on the future of AI and the digital arts.
Dissecting the promotional effect of zinc on cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in rice
Authors: Chang Jia-Dong , Huang Sheng , Wiseno Indi , Sui Fu-Qing , Feng Fan , Zheng Luqing , Ma Jian Feng , Zhao Fang-Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is often expected that Zn decreases Cd accumulation in plants due to competition for the same transporters. Here, we found that increasing Zn supply markedly increased the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in rice. RNA sequencing showed that high Zn up-regulated expression of genes involved in glutathione biosynthesis and metabolism and the Zn/Cd transporter gene OsHMA2, but down-regulated expression of genes related to Zn uptake. Knockout of the iron or Zn transporter genes OsIRT1, OsIRT2, or OsZIP9 did not affect the Zn promotional effect on Cd translocation. Knockout of the manganese/Cd transporter gene OsNRAMP5 greatly reduced Cd uptake but did not affect the Zn promotional effect. Variation in the tonoplast transporter gene OsHMA3 affected Cd translocation but did not change the Zn promotional effect. Knockout of the Zn/Cd transporter gene OsHMA2 not only decreased Cd and Zn translocation, but also abolished the Zn promotional effect. Increased expression of OsHMA2 under high Zn conditions supports the hypothesis that this transporter participates in the promotional effect of Zn on Cd translocation. The results also show that OsIRT1, OsIRT2, and OsZIP9 made only small contributions to Cd uptake under low Zn conditions but not under high Zn conditions, whereas the dominant role of OsNRAMP5 in Cd uptake diminished under low Zn conditions.