bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and morphological parallels in the assessment of the lamina cribrosa of sclera as a risk factor and potential target in promotion for survival of optic nerve axons
Authors: Huseva Yuliya 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To study the lamina cribrosa (LC) of sclera in people of different age.Methods: Longitudinal sections of trepanned fragments of 31 enucleated eyeballs of deceased donors aged from 27 to 81 years stained by Masson trichrome were studied histologically and immunohistochemically with an antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The results were compared with optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic disc (OD) of 32 eyes of patients aged 34 – 74 years. Four age groups were identified. The optic nerve (ON) prelaminar and retrolaminar parts and LC of sclera were assessed. The data was statistically approved, the Pearson, Spearman correlation coefficients, the Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests were calculated.Results: Three patterns of LC were identified based on connective and glial tissue ratio: mixed predominated in all age groups; elastic was more common until 44 years (45.5%); collagenous was typical for group III over the age of 60 (40%) and after 75 years (50%). The perivascular proliferation of collagen fibres was mostly after 75 years (group IV), correlated with deformation of LC anterior surface resulting in a decrease in LC elasticity in groups III and IV, increased frequency of axonal deviation in group III (40%) and IV (50%) and a ‘slowing down’ myelination of ON axons (35.5%). The age‐related tendency to LC superficial location, disorganisation of its structure and deformation of its anterior surface in all groups was revealed. The prelaminar zone showed a decreased number of fibroblast processes in groups II and III compared to group I. All ON zones demonstrated immunoreactivity to GFAP, predominantly in the prelaminar determining its susceptibility to ischaemia. Distribution and morphology of GFAP‐positive cells demonstrated that the structure of astrocytes decreased with age.Conclusions: Age‐related morphological features of the LC beyond 60 years are considered to be risk factors for ischaemia and blockade of axonal transport. The effect of age on LC should be taken into account when predicting the results of treatment of optic neuropathies. The variability of cells in LC opens up new prospects for developing protection and regeneration of ON, in particular, influencing the process of LC remodelling.
Efficacy and safety of non‐penetrating surgery versus trabeculectomy in open‐angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Tianyu , Anantharaj Rishi Miriyala , Normando Eduardo Maria 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Whilst trabeculectomies (TE) remain the gold‐standard treatment for open‐angle glaucoma (OAG), non‐penetrating surgery (NPS) are rising in popularity as an alternative. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy and NPS for OAG.Methods: The following databases of PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for original studies comparing TE to NPS (from inception to 23/01/2024). The primary outcome was IOP reduction, with secondary outcomes including success rate, medication score, visual acuity (BCVA) and complications. A random‐effects model on ReviewManager (RevMan) was used for the meta‐analysis. Sub‐group analyses for concomitant mitomycin C and hyaluronate were performed, unlike current existing reviews.Results: Initially 529 papers were identified. Of these, 20 studies containing 1422 participants (1565 eyes) were included. 16 studies reported higher complete success rates with TE. Meta‐analysis showed that although the IOP reduction was larger in TE, this was not statistically significant (mean difference = ‐1.31, 95% CI: ‐3.12 to 0.50). There was no significant difference in reduction of medications but there was significant improvement in BCVA at 12 months with NPS (unweighted average: TE = 0.078, NPS = ‐0.015, p < 0.00652). The relative risk of complications (hypotony, choroidal detachment, cataract, shallow anterior chamber and hyphaema) were higher in TE than all NPS (RR: 2.80, 95% CI: 2.13 to 3.68, p < 0.0001). However, hyphaema was less likely to occur in TE compared to canaloplasty (NPS) (RR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.62, p < 0.0090).Conclusions: Findings show trabeculectomy and NPS appear to reduce IOP comparably, a finding not found in previous reviews. However, complication risks increased in trabeculectomy, potentially favouring the use of NPS. However, the training requirement for NPS may limit its universal uptake.
Comparative analysis of methods in detecting glaucomatous progression
Authors: Fernandez‐Velasco Diego , Mallen Victor , Bermudez Javier , Biescas Andrés , Rius Nuria , Ila Carmen , Monleón Claudia Hernández‐Barahona , Navarro Damián García , Santana Carlos , Munuera Inés 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that, if left untreated, leads to irreversible blindness, making reliable methods for detecting progression essential. Functional damage is assessed by the reduction of the visual field (VF), and structural damage is evaluated by the thinning of retinal parameters. Since 50% of ganglion cells are located in the macular area, their study could be a good indicator of progression. The objective of this work is to evaluate the utility of ganglion cell layer (GCL) analysis using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diagnosing glaucoma progression.Methods: This is a retrospective cross‐sectional study including 205 eyes with glaucoma followed for at least three years. The progression analysis values obtained from OCT of the GCL and the optic nerve fiber layer (NFL) are compared, taking the VF as a reference and stratifying by severity into mild and moderate‐advanced glaucoma.Results: In mild glaucoma, VF has limitations because functional damage does not occur until there is a 20‐40% loss of ganglion cells. Structural tests classify more cases as progression, and the concordance between them is higher than with VF. OCT of the GCL is the test that classifies progression the most. In moderate‐advanced glaucoma, VF classifies more cases than in mild glaucoma. However, VF is a variable test, influenced by the learning effect, and when damage is very advanced, results can be erroneous because the retina loses sensitivity. OCT of the NFL classifies fewer cases than in mild glaucoma because debris creates a floor effect that artifacts the measurement. OCT of the GCL is the test that classifies progression the most. The concordance is greater between OCT of the GCL and VF.Conclusions: In conclusion, OCT of the GCL may be a better indicator of progression than NFL in both mild and moderate‐advanced glaucoma. It could be a useful strategy in clinical practice for diagnosing glaucomatous progression.References
Munuera I, Gándara‐Rodriguez de Campoamor E, Moreno‐Montañes J. Study of the ganglion cell complex of the macula by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of glaucoma progression. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2024 Apr;99(4):145‐151.
Adherence to the mind diet, genetic susceptibility, and glaucoma prevalence
Authors: Vergroesen Joëlle , Klaver Caroline , Ramdas Wishal 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet may be associated with glaucoma. We aimed to confirm this association and to identify who could benefit most from this diet.Methods: This study consisted of 316 (clinically confirmed) glaucoma patients and 107 healthy controls from the Erasmus Glaucoma Cohort. Dietary data was collected using validated food frequency questionnaires. The association between MIND diet adherence and glaucoma prevalence was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We further stratified on family history of glaucoma. The association between family history of glaucoma and MIND diet adherence was analyzed using multivariable linear regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and energy intake.Results: Adherence to the MIND diet was significantly associated with glaucoma prevalence, but only in participants without a positive family history (Odds ratio [OR] with [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.84 [0.71‐1.00]). The more unfavorable the diet, the higher the prevalence of glaucoma (~2 times in both the group with and without positive family history). In the group with a positive family history, the OR increased from 5.8 to 10.9 in individuals with an unfavorable diet. Having affected relatives may therefore be an incentive to adhere to a healthy diet. Indeed, a positive family history appeared associated with greater MIND diet adherence (Beta [95%CI]: 0.32 [‐0.01‐0.64]). This was observed particularly in glaucoma patients (Beta [95%CI]: 0.46 [0.09‐0.84]), and more distinct when it affected a first degree relative (Beta [95%CI]: 0.58 [0.16‐1.00]).Conclusions: The MIND diet may be associated with glaucoma. These dietary recommendations may particularly be interesting for glaucoma patients without a positive family history of glaucoma. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this diet in slowing down glaucoma progression is yet to be determined by longitudinal studies.
A service evaluation of patient satisfaction with the current standard of glaucoma care provision at Derriford Hospital
Authors: Teo Ryan , Tsakiris Kleonikos 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The social and economic burden of glaucoma are likely to increase in the future because of longer life expectancies and an ageing population.Healthcare providers must continually monitor and improve their management of glaucoma patients.The project's purpose was to identify areas of improvement in the Royal Eye Infirmary at Derriford Hospital's provision of glaucoma care and thereby, advance the European Glaucoma Society's mission statement to maintain or improve the quality of life in affected patients.Methods: The methodology included the following:
Designing the Glaucoma Service Evaluation (12 questions)
Administering the Service Evaluation
Statistical Analysis of the Results

Responses were based on a five‐point Likert Scale, with 1 being the most negative patient satisfaction score and 5 being the most positive.Results: 50 patients, comprising 28 males and 22 females, undertook the questionnaire.The mean age was 73 years.Patient response rate to all 12 questions was 100%.The average five‐point Likert Scale Score across all 12 questions was 4.35.Conclusions: The results suggest that overall patient satisfaction with the standard of glaucoma care at Derriford Hospital is positive to a large extent.Patients are happy with evolutions in glaucoma care such as Virtual Clinics, and the role of allied health professionals.However, it identified significant areas of improvement ‐ enhancing patient education through the use of leaflets.This service evaluation demonstrated that patients are largely satisfied with the current level of glaucoma care at Derriford Hospital. Most patients are open to novel initiatives, which would minimise patient waiting time at clinics.More measures, such as patient counselling of medication side‐effects and distribution of informative leaflets, should be implemented to improve the standard of glaucoma care and hence, raise patient satisfaction at Derriford Hospital.References
Batra R, Sharma H, Elaraoud I, Mohamed S. Resource Planning in Glaucoma: A Tool to Evaluate Glaucoma Service Capacity. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2017;:1‐6.
Holdsworth E, Datta J, Marks D, Kuper H, Lee H, Leamon S et al. A Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of a Community‐Based Glaucoma Check Service in Hackney, London, UK. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2017;24(4):248‐256.
Differential profile of mirnas in aqueous humour: A new potential epigenetic mechanism for pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Villanueva Carolina Garcia , Andrés‐Blasco Irene , Martucci A. , Lopez J. F. Ramos , Moreno Vicente Zanon , Montero M. Gonzalez , Nucci C. , Durán Maria Dolores Pinazo , Feijoo Julian Garcia 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), is the most prevalent of the secondary glaucomas, characterized by the accumulation of fibrillar extracellular material in the anterior eye chamber. The miRNAs are regulators of gene expression, as epigenetic effectors. Our aim is to identify candidate miRNAs that may be involved in PEG physiopathology.Methods: A collaborative, longitudinal, prospective, case‐control study was set up in 120 participants, of both sexes, that were classified as: PEG patients (n = 60) and healthy individuals (CG n = 60). Sociodemographic and opththalmologic data were recorded. Aqueous humor was collected at the onset of glaucoma surgery, labelled and stored at. ‐80° until processing. Total ARN was obtained, and expression and quantitation of the miRNAs ‐122‐5p, ‐146a‐5p and ‐320a‐3p, were assayed by real time quantitative polimerase chain reaction (RT qPCR) in both study groups. Databases DIANA TOOLS, miRDB, TargetScanHuman 7.2 were used to connect the target genes with its biological functions. Data were processed by IBM SPSS 28.0 statistical program.Results: Mean age was 73±11 years. Gender distribution was 32 % men/68 % women. Mean intraocular pressure was 17 mmHg in the right eye (RE) and 19 mmHg in the left eye (LE). Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 73 μm in RE and 71 μm in LE. MiRNAs ‐122‐5p (p = 0,02),146a‐5p (p = 0,02) and ‐320a‐3p (p = 0,04) showed a significantly higher expression in the aqueous humor of PEG versus CG.Conclusions: miRNAs ‐122‐5p, ‐146a‐5p and ‐320a‐3p are involved in PEG pathogenesis, epigenetically affecting the expression of target genes and protein translation, by means of their biological functions, in relation to extracellular matrix, metalloproteinases, glutamate, and the signaling pathways MAPK and RhoA/ROCK. We may suggest to investigate new biological therapies on the basis of the above miRNAs in PEG patients.
Study of the variation of intraocular pressure after blood collection in patiens over 60 years old
Authors: Ramón‐Campillo Aida , Bueno‐Gimeno Inmaculada , Gené‐Morales Javier , Gené‐Sampedro Andrés 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: This study aims to assess whether changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) occur after a blood draw and quantify these changes’ magnitude in a group of patients over 60 years old.Methods: We analysed data from the right eye of 54 subjects, with a mean ( SD) age of 68 4 years. The measurements were conducted in the morning while fasting. First of all, subjects rested in a seated position for 5 minutes to equalise baseline conditions. IOP was then measured using the iCare rebound tonometer (IC100, iCare Oy, Finland) and the mean value obtained from 6 measurements was recorded. After 10 minutes, subjects underwent the blood draw. Five minutes after the blood draw, the subject sat back in the chair for the second IOP measurement, conducting the same procedures for both measurements. Pre‐ and post‐drawing IOP values were compared with Wilcoxon signed rang test, for related samples.Results: The analysis showed that IOP decreased after extraction, with a mean ( SD) of 14.09 3.18 mmHg pre‐extraction and a mean ( SD) of 13.33 2.90 mmHg post‐extraction. Grouping the sample into age groups, no statistically significant differences were found in the 60‐64 age group (n = 11; p = 0.35) and the 75‐79 age group (n = 5; p = 0.68). A trend towards significance was found in the 70‐74 age group (n = 18; p = 0.06) and statistically significant differences in the 65‐69 age group (n = 20; p = 0.04). Grouping the sample according to their IOP values (using to the sample IOP median) no statistical differences were found when IOP values were between 8 and 15 mmHg (n = 38; p = 0.57) and statistically significant differences were found in the group with IOP between 16 and 28 mmHg (n = 16; p = 0.001).Conclusions: It was found that IOP decrease after a blood draw, tending to decrease more in subjects aged 65 to 74 years and remains unchanged in the other age groups. Additionally, higher baseline IOP levels lead to greater changes post‐extraction. These results may be related to reflex effects of the autonomic nervous system, activating a vagal reflex, which may induce a decrease in IOP. Future studies are required to analyse the various influencing factors.
Assessment of fixation stability and ocular torsion in a patient with ciancia syndrome: Case report
Authors: Ramón‐Campillo Aida , Gimeno Inmaculada Bueno , Sampedro Andrés Gené 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: This study, performed as a clinical case, was carried out with the aim of evaluating fixation stability by means of the MAIA microperimeter and the presence of ocular torsion by retinography in a patient with Ciancia syndrome.Methods: Two subjects both 24 years old were selected, one without visual system alterations, and the other with Ciancia syndrome, operated three times in childhood for strabismus, leaving 30 DP of residual Endotropia (ET). Fixation stability was assessed using the MAIA microperimeter by performing two tests, an expert examination and a fixation stability test for 30 seconds. Torsion was evaluated by performing retinography with the Topcon MAESTRO‐2 device and measuring the disc‐fovea angle (DFA).Results: The patient with Ciancia syndrome had fixation stability within normal limits but a greater number and amplitude of microsaccadic fixations, as well as a greater number of refixations, compared to the normal subject. Additionally, the strabismic subject presented physiological torsion in the right eye (RE) (2°) and exciclotorsion in the left eye (LE) (11°), while the normal subject presented physiological torsion within the norm in both eyes RE (8°) and LE (2°).Conclusions: Early treatment of Ciancia Syndrome in children improves visual and motor development, providing the patient achieves normal fixation stability. However, patients exhibit many microsaccadic movements and refixations to maintain a fixed gaze. Early treatment also reduces ocular torsion caused by muscular alterations.References
Milla‐Barrios M, Piñero DP, Molina‐Martín A. Fixation Pattern Analysis With Microperimetry In Strabismic Subjects: A Pilot Study. Seminars in Ophthalmology 2022 ‐06‐06;37(6):699.
Khanna RK, Pasco J, Santallier M, Pisella PJ, Arsene S. Objective ocular torsion outcomes after unilateral horizontal rectus surgery in infantile esotropia. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2018 Sep 1;256(9):1783–8.
Anterior bilateral optic neuritis as a complication of Varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV)
Authors: Cabo Ana , Pascual‐Santiago Antonio , Cuba‐Sulluchuco Fiorella Katherine , Domingo‐Gordo Blanca 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To shed light on optic neuritis as a potential ocular complication of Varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV) infection.Methods: Presentation of a clinical case.Results: We present the case of a 70‐year‐old woman, who arrived at the Emergency Room complaining of a bilateral acute loss of visual acuity. She had received treatment on several occasions for a recurring zoster involving the left V2 territory, the last episode being one month before her visit. She had a visual acuity of 0.3 on her right eye, and 0.6 on her left eye. Pupil examination evidenced a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) on her right eye. Dyschromatopsia was documented by red desaturation and Ishihara tests. Fundus examination displayed an asymmetrical bilateral papillitis, predominant in her right eye. This finding was confirmed by an Optic Coherence Tomography (OCT). A cranial CT scan and a general blood analysis were performed, and both returned normal results. The patient was admitted to the Hospital to start treatment with intravenous steroids. Additional tests were performed, including blood serological tests, a temporal artery Doppler ultrasound, a cranial MRI, and a lumbar puncture. Blood serological tests showed positive high titles of IgG VZV, and came back negative for IgM VZV. Lastly, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on the CSF sample turned out positive for VZV, shedding light on the diagnosis. Steroids were suspended and the patient was started on intravenous Acyclovir. Clinical evolution was favorable, and her visual acuity on the 2‐month follow‐up visit had climbed up to 0.6 on her right eye and 0.7 on her left eye.Conclusions: This case illustrates the relevance of ruling out infectious causes of optic neuritis, specifically VZV, in patients in which other causes are less likely, those who present a bad evolution on inflammatory treatment, or who have a recent episode of VZV infection. MRI demyelination is a frequent finding in both demyelinating and infectious diseases, therefore not ruling out the latter. Positive blood serology indicates previous contact with VZV, but has little sensibility for detecting an active infection. All these reasons justify the need to select patient who may benefit of a lumbar puncture, as an early diagnosis radically changes the therapeutical approach.
Bartonella neuroretinitis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Daghouj Ghizlane , Ettouri Sara , Rokaya Chahir , Rami Ali , El Maaloum Loubna , Allali Bouchra , El Kettani Asmaa 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The interest of this observation is to lead to think about bartonella among the etiologies of neuroretinitisMethods: We report the case of a child carrying unilateral stellar neuroretinitis in the context of cat scratch disease with a favorable evolution under treatmentResults: 13‐year‐old without particular pathological history presenting a decrease in acuity with visual fog with sweating and asthenia. The initial examination found in the right eye a visual acuity at 4/10, a normal anterior segment, normal tone, and at the fundus a flat retina with stage 4 papillary edema and stellar maculopathy. The left eye was strictly normal. Faced with the notion of cat bite and scratch 5 weeks before the onset of symptomatology a bartonella serology was requested and returned positive. An angiography confirmed the fundus. An OCT highlighted a serous retinal detachment. We managed this patient with bolus of corticosteroids with a maintenance dose with prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day with adjuvant therapy. A month later visual acuity goes back to 8/10 with continuous regression of papillary edema and stellar maculopathy. The child was examinated regularly. Visual acuity at 10/10 with total regression of papillary edema and stellar maculopathy were achieved after 5 months. Angiography and OCT at this stage showed disappearance of stellar maculopathy and retinal edema with reapplication of serous retinal detachment. The degression of corticosteroid therapy has been started.Conclusions: Cat's scratch disease is an uncommon pathology. The diagnosis and management are simple but the several complications can appear including ophthalmological, visceral, neurological, osteoarticular which can engage the visual prognosis but also vital sometimes especially in immunocompromised subjects. The preventive measures for CSD would require avoidance of close contacts with cats and cat fleas with increased awareness of the risk of cats scratche.References
Ocular complications of cat scratch disease | British Journal of Ophthalmology. Accessed October 30, 2022. https://bjo.bmj.com/content/104/12/1640
Whorff J. Case Report: Treatment of Severe Neuroretinitis and other Sequelae Associated with Cat Scratch Disease. Optometry and Vision Science. 2022;99(8):662‐669.