bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics and the Arts in Early China
Authors: Hutton Eric L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring the classical period of Chinese philosophy (sixth to third centuries bce), thinkers developed a variety of views about how one ought to live, and about the role of the arts in an ideal life. Music is a primary case over which they contended, and they offered competing arguments about the sorts of music to which one should listen, whether one should listen to it all, and whether one should learn to perform it. This chapter surveys these debates, focusing on the disagreements between three main camps: Confucianism (as seen in the Analects and the Xunzi), Daoism (represented by the Laozi and the Zhuangzi), and Mohism. The chapter also considers how certain Chinese views might prompt us to reconsider our conception of the categories of “ethics” and “the arts” themselves.
Śrīvidyā and Goddess Traditions
Authors: Golovkova Anna A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes textual scholarship on Śrīvidyā in English within the context of Hindu tantrism and goddess-oriented traditions. It begins with an analysis of contributions by John Woodroffe, who introduced Śrīvidyā to English-language audiences and solidified a pattern of tantric apologetics, showcasing philosophical and metaphysical texts to the detriment of a nuanced study of ritual. Next, it reflects on the scholarship by D. R. Kinsley, A. Padoux, and D. R. Brooks, outlining contributions to the field along with necessary revisions and updates. Finally, it turns to the twenty-first-century scholarship, following the publication of Sanderson’s seminal paper, “The Śaiva Age.” It concludes with reflections on best approaches to the study of this dynamic and diverse tradition with more than ten centuries of history and a unique sectarian identity. Instead of a monolithic tradition or a simple trajectory of domestication and sublimation, it argues that Śrīvidyā’s development is a multifaceted process at the intersection of Kaula, tantric, Vedic, and bhakti practices.
Intrapersonal Risk and Protective Factors for NSSI
Authors: Jorgensen Saskia , Hart Erica A. , Burns Emily , Fox Kathryn R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by defining risk and protective factors, with a focus on their use in the context of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Theoretically, risk factor constructs should both be observable prior to the onset of NSSI and differentiate those who do and do not develop NSSI over time. Whereas risk factors are constructs that increase risk, protective factors are those that decrease risk. There are several additional critical considerations when reviewing risk factors, such as the variation of risk factor potency across populations and the implications of different types of risk factors (fixed risk factors, variable risk factors, and causal risk factors). The chapter then describes the barriers to research on NSSI risk and protective factors; among the most critical includes NSSI measurement. Risk factor research requires that the outcome of interest can be defined and measured clearly and consistently. Unfortunately, definitions and measures of NSSI vary widely across researchers. The chapter also summarizes the current state of research on intrapersonal (i.e., factors that occur within someone) NSSI risk and protective factors.
Using 4MOST to refine the measurement of galaxy properties: a case study of supernova hosts
Authors: Dumayne J , Hook I M , Williams S C , Lowes G A , Head D , Fritz A , Graur O , Holwerda B , Humphrey A , Milligan A , Nicholl M , Roukema B F , Wiseman P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Rubin Observatory’s 10-yr Legacy Survey of Space and Time will observe near to 20 billion galaxies. For each galaxy the properties can be inferred. Approximately 105 galaxies observed per year will contain Type Ia supernovae (SNe), allowing SN host-galaxy properties to be calculated on a large scale. Measuring the properties of SN host galaxies serves two main purposes. The first is that there are known correlations between host galaxy type and SN type, which can be used to aid in the classification of SNe. Secondly, Type Ia SNe exhibit correlations between host-galaxy properties and the peak luminosities of the SNe, which has implications for their use as standardizable candles in cosmology. We have used simulations to quantify the improvement in host-galaxy stellar mass (M*) measurements when supplementing photometry from Rubin with spectroscopy from the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) instrument. We provide results in the form of expected uncertainties in M* for galaxies with 0.1 &lt; z &lt; 0.9 and 18 &lt; rAB &lt; 25. We show that for galaxies mag 22 and brighter, combining Rubin and 4MOST data reduces the uncertainty measurements of galaxy M* by more than a factor of 2 compared with Rubin data alone. This applies for elliptical and Sc-type hosts. We demonstrate that the reduced uncertainties in M* lead to an improvement of 7 per cent in the precision of the ‘mass step’ correction. We expect our improved measurements of host-galaxy properties to aid in the photometric classification of SNe observed by Rubin.
Current Challenges and Future Promise for Use of Extracellular Matrix Scaffold to Achieve the Whole Organ Tissue Engineering Moonshot
Authors: Somasekhar Likitha , Griffiths Leigh G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Whole organ tissue engineering encompasses a variety of approaches, including 3D printed tissues, cell-based self-assembly, and cellular incorporation into synthetic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. This review article addresses the importance of whole organ tissue engineering for various solid organ applications, focusing on the use of extracellular (ECM) matrix scaffolds in such engineering endeavors. In this work, we focus on the emerging barriers to translation of ECM scaffold-based tissue-engineered organs and highlight potential solutions to overcome the primary challenges in the field. The 3 main factors that are essential for developing ECM scaffold-based whole organs are (1) recapitulation of a functional vascular tree, (2) delivery and orientation of cells into parenchymal void spaces left vacant in the scaffold during the antigen elimination and associated cellular removal processes, and (3) driving differentiation of delivered cells toward the appropriate site-specific lineage. The insights discussed in this review will allow the potential of allogeneic or xenogeneic ECM scaffolds to be fully maximized for future whole organ tissue-engineering efforts.
Orthostatic hypotension and its association with cerebral small vessel disease in a memory clinic population
Authors: Wiersinga Julia H.I. , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke F.M. , Wolters Frank J. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Lemstra Afina W. , Barkhof Frederik , Peters Mike J.L. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Muller Majon 
Published: August 2023

Background:Orthostatic hypotension (OH), an impaired blood pressure (BP) response to postural change, has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia, possibly through cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We hypothesized that longer duration of BP drop and a larger BP drop is associated with increased risk of CSVD.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 3971 memory clinic patients (mean age 68 years, 45% female, 42% subjective cognitive complaints, 17% mild cognitive impairment, 41% dementia) from the Amsterdam Ageing Cohort and Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. Early OH (EOH) was defined as a drop in BP of ±20 mmHg systolic and/or 10 mmHg diastolic only at 1 min after standing, and delayed/prolonged OH (DPOH) at 1 and/or 3 min after standing. Presence of CSVD [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, microbleeds] was assessed with MRI (n = 3584) or CT brain (n = 389).Results:The prevalence of early OH was 9% and of delayed/prolonged OH 18%. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that delayed/prolonged OH, but not early OH, was significantly associated with a higher burden of WMH (OR, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.00–1.46) and lacunes (OR, 95%CI 1.34, 1.06–1.69), but not microbleeds (OR, 95%CI 1.22, 0.89–1.67). When adjusting for supine SBP, these associations attenuated (ORs, 95%CI for WMH 1.04, 0.85–1.27; for lacunes 1.21, 0.91–1.62; for microbleeds 0.95, 0.68–1.31). A larger drop in SBP was associated with increased risk of WMH and microbleeds, however, when adjusted for supine SBP, this effect diminished.Conclusions:Among memory clinic patients, DPOH is more common than EOH. While longer duration and larger magnitude of BP drop coincided with a higher burden of CSVD, these associations were largely explained by high supine BP.
Obesity dominates early effects on cardiac structure and arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abushamat Layla A. , Enge Daniel , Fujiwara Takashi , Schäfer Michal , Clark Ethan W. , Englund Erin K. , Scalzo Rebecca L. , Johnston Aspen , Rafferty Deirdre , Schauer Irene E. , Whipple Mary O. , Hunter Kendall , Huebschmann Amy G. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Jarvis Kelly , Barker Alex J. , Regensteiner Judith G. , Reusch Jane E.B. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are global epidemics leading to excess cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates standard and novel cardiac MRI parameters to detect subclinical cardiac and central vascular dysfunction in inactive people with and without T2D.

Methods:
Physically inactive age and BMI-similar premenopausal women and men with (n = 22) and without [n = 34, controls with overweight/obesity (CWO)] uncomplicated T2D were compared to an age-similar and sex-similar reference control cohort (n = 20). Left ventricular (LV) structure, function, and aortic stiffness were assessed by MRI. Global arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed using carotid-to-femoral applanation tonometry. Regional PWV was measured via 2D phase-contrast MRI and 4D flow MRI.

Results:
Global arterial PWV did not differ between CWO and T2D. 2D PC-MRI PWV in the ascending aorta was higher in people with T2D compared with CWOs (P < 0.01). 4D flow PWV in the thoracic aorta was higher in CWO (P < 0.01), and T2D (P < 0.001) compared with RC. End-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output were lower in CWO and T2D groups compared with reference control.

Conclusion:
Subclinical changes in arterial stiffening and cardiac remodeling in inactive CWO and T2D compared with reference control support obesity and/or physical inactivity as determinants of incipient CVD complications in uncomplicated T2D. Future studies should determine the mechanistic causes of the CVD complications in greater detail in order to create therapeutic targets.

Clinical Trial Registration:
Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance in Diabetes and the Role of Sex (NCT03419195).
Efficacy of the Head Rotation Test With Bowing for the Lateral Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional vertigo
Authors: Kim Min Woo , Jin Myung Ho , Kim Jong Kwan , Kwak Min Young 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of the head rotation test with bowing (B-HRT) in the sitting position in diagnosing lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LSC-BPPV).

Methods
The efficacy outcomes of lateralization of 25 patients with LSC-BPPV were prospectively evaluated using B-HRT. Traditional head toration in the supine position (S-HRT) and the bow and lean test were also assessed for comparative effectiveness.

Results
Direction-changing nystagmus was detected in all patients with LSC-BPPV (100%) using B-HRT. The nystagmus direction (geotropic or apogeotropic) determined by B-HRT was consistent with that determined by S-HRT with a perfect level of agreement (Cohen κ = 1.0, p < 0.001**). In 76.0% of the cases, the determination of the affected ear was concordant between B-HRT and S-HRT (Cohen κ = 0.409, p = 0.037*). The concordance rate between B-HRT and bow and lean test showed a fair level of agreement (68.0%; Cohen κ = 0.286, p = 0.126) with no statistical significance. On comparing the peak slow-phase velocity (SPV), SPVs of positional nystagmus on the stronger side and weaker side did not differ statistically significantly between S-HRT and B-HRT. In 12 of the 25 cases, in which the peak SPV asymmetry was determined as less than 30% by S-HRT (average, 11.00 ± 6.87%), the asymmetry determined by B-HRT (average, 47.31 ± 34.78%) was significantly higher, facilitating lesion identification by performing B-HRT together (p = 0.001*).

Conclusion
B-HRT in the sitting position identified direction-changing nystagmus in LSC-BPPV. B-HRT is helpful in facilitating the diagnosis of LSC-BPPV in the sitting position and determination of the affected ears in cases with nonprominent differences in bilateral nystagmus intensity according to S-HRT.
Outcomes of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair With Concurrent Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Miller Emma Marin , Raymond Mallory J. , Ottinger Allie M. , Yazdani Milad , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
To compare the presentation and outcomes of patients with and without obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction (oETD) undergoing repair of lateral skull base spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Adults with lateral skull base sCSF leaks who underwent repairs from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, were collected.

Main Outcome Measure
Comparative statistics and effect sizes were used to compare clinical features, operative findings, and outcomes between groups.

Results
Of 92 ears from 89 patients included, 51.1% (n = 47) had oETD. There were no differences in demographics between patients with and without oETD. Mean age was 60.7 ± 13.1 versus 58.5 ± 12.8 years (d = −0.17 [−0.58 to 0.24]), mean body mass index was 33.8 ± 8.5 versus 36.0 ± 8.0 kg/m2 (d = 0.27 [−0.14 to 0.68]), and female sex preponderance was 59.6% (n = 28) versus 68.8% (n = 31; Φ = −0.09), respectively. There were no differences in the radiologic number, size, and locations of defects. Patients with oETD had less pneumatized mastoids than those without oETD (p = 0.001; Φ = 0.43). Mean change from preoperative to postoperative air pure-tone average for those with and without oETD was −1.1 ± 12.6 versus 0.1 ± 17.2 dB (d = 0.09 [−0.04 to 0.58]), respectively. Six ears (6.5%; three with and three without oETD) underwent revisions for rhinorrhea/otorrhea between 5 and 28 months postoperatively, during which four leaks were found, the two patients without leaks had oETD.

Conclusions
The presentation of sCSF leaks and outcomes of repairs in patients with oETD do not differ from those without oETD. Although postoperative otorrhea might represent an inflammatory or infectious process in patients with oETD, reexploration is warranted if patients do not improve with conservative treatment.
Automated Western Blot Analysis of Ototoxin-Induced Prestin Burst in the Blood after Cyclodextrin Exposure
Authors: Harrison Megan S. , Driscoll Brittany G. , Farnsworth Jason , Hinton Ashley , Peppi Marcello , McLean Will , Parham Kourosh 
Published: August 2023

Hypothesis
Ototoxin cyclodextrin (CDX) will induce a burst in serum prestin when quantified with automated Western blot analysis.

Background
In the clinical realm, we primarily rely on audiological measures for diagnosis and surveillance of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and have limited therapeutic options. We have proposed a blood-based biomarker approach to overcome this challenge by measuring the outer hair cell’s (OHC) electromotile protein, prestin, in the blood. Previously, we demonstrated a burst in serum prestin after cisplatin exposure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA.

Methods
Guinea pigs were treated with either 3,000 or 4,000 mg/kg CDX, and serum samples were obtained through 3 days after exposure. Serum prestin levels were quantified using automated blot analysis, western and hair cell counts were obtained.

Results
Both 3,000 and 4,000 mg/kg resulted in robust OHC loss, although more variability was seen at the lower dose. Automated Western blot analysis demonstrated that the prestin profile after CDX exposure is different than baseline. Specifically, a new ~134- kDa band accounted for the prestin burst after ototoxin ablation of OHCs at both doses.

Conclusions
We reproduced the prestin burst seen after cisplatin administration using CDX. Automated Western blot western analysis revealed that a ~a ~ 134- kDa species of prestin is responsible for the burst. We suggest that the induced band may be a prestin dimer, which could serve as a biomarker for early detection of ototoxicity in the clinical setting. These results add further promise to the potential of serum prestin to serve as an ototoxicity biomarker when using therapeutics with ototoxic properties.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jin , Mun Seog-Kyun , Chang Munyoung 
Published: August 2023

Objective
The implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect the incidence of infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the incidence of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) after the COVID-19 outbreak in Seoul, South Korea.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
We ascertained the daily number of COVID-19 and pediatric AOM patients between January 20, 2020, and June 19, 2020. During the same period, the number of children using public transportation was used as an index for implementing NPIs. The same period 1 year ago was set as the control period.

Intervention
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measure
The differences in the incidence of AOM and implementation of NPIs between the COVID-19 pandemic and control period were analyzed using segmented regression analyses. Negative values of difference meant that the number in the COVID-19 pandemic period declined compared with the control period.

Results
The study period was divided into two sections based on the change point of the COVID-19 cases. In the first period, the increased number of COVID-19 cases decreased, and in the second period, the number of COVID-19 cases increased again. Similar trends were observed in the incidence of AOM and NPI implementation. Before the change point, the study found a significant decreasing trend in the differences in pediatric AOM cases and children using public transportation. However, these trends changed after the change point, with a significant increase in both indices.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that NPIs for COVID-19 may influence the incidence of pediatric AOM.
Bilateral Orbital Compartment Syndrome Following a Craniotomy With Coronal Incision
Authors: Wang Xingdong , Guo Wenqiang , Ding Dacheng , Wang Hu 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Orbital compartment syndrome is a rare ophthalmic emergency characterized by increased intraorbital pressure and hypoperfusion of critical neural structures, most of which were caused by trauma, and can also be caused by periorbital surgery, local injections, other preexisting medical conditions and so on. It requires rapid identification and immediate treatment for the preservation of vision.

Clinical Presentation:
A 61-year-old female with left frontal lobe-parafalcine meningioma underwent a craniotomy with a bicoronal incision. Postoperatively, the patient presented absence of pupillary reaction in both eyes, and complained loss of vision after recovery from anesthesia. Bilateral orbital compartment syndrome was considered 18 hours postoperatively since the marked bilateral proptosis with eyelid edema and conjunctival chemosis. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, mannitol, hyperbric oxygenation, and neurotrophic agents as recommended by the ophthalmologist. There was no improvement in visual acuity at discharge or at 3-month follow-up postoperatively.

Discussion and Conclusion:
This is a rare case of bilateral irreversible blindness caused by orbital compartment syndrome after a craniotomy with coronal incision. Neurosurgeons need to improve the awareness of this complication for adequate prevention, such as direct ocular pressure from skin flaps, congestion from head positioning, and adequate intraoperative eye protection, and also earlier recognition and management.
Mapping COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake amongst Chinese residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Masood Hassan , Irfan Syed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveControlling the COVID-19 pandemic depends on the widespread acceptance of vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy is a growing area of concern in China. The aim of the study is to map the overall acceptance and uptake rates of COVID-19 vaccines across different groups.MethodsFive peer-reviewed databases bases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus). Studies that conducted cross-sectional surveys in China to understand the acceptance/willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines were included.ResultsAmong 2420 identified studies, 47 studies with 327,046 participants were eligible for data extraction. Males had a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccines (OR=1.17; 95% CI:1.08 - 1.27) along with Chinese residents with ≥ 5000 RMB monthly income (OR=1.08; 95% CI:1.02 - 1.14).ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination uptake rates in China need to be improved. To inform public health decisions, continuous vaccination uptake monitoring is required.
Alcohol use associated alterations in the circulating metabolite profile in the general population and in individuals with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kärkkäinen Olli , Tolmunen Tommi , Kivimäki Petri , Kurkinen Karoliina , Ali-Sisto Toni , Mäntyselkä Pekka , Valkonen-Korhonen Minna , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli , Honkalampi Kirsi , Ruusunen Anu , Velagapudi Vidya , Lehto Soili M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTOur aim was to evaluate whether alcohol use is associated with changes in the circulating metabolite profile similar to those present in persons with depression. If so, these findings could partially explain the link between alcohol use and depression. We applied a targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to evaluate correlates between concentrations of 86 circulating metabolites and self-reported alcohol use in a cohort of the non-depressed general population (GP) (n = 247) and a cohort of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 99). Alcohol use was associated with alterations in circulating concentrations of metabolites in both cohorts. Our main finding was that self-reported alcohol use was negatively correlated with serum concentrations of hippuric acid in the GP cohort. In the GP cohort, consumption of six or more doses per week was associated with low hippuric acid concentrations, similar to those observed in the MDD cohort, but in these individuals it was regardless of their level of alcohol use. Reduced serum concentrations of hippuric acid suggest that already moderate alcohol use is associated with depression-like changes in the serum levels of metabolites associated with gut microbiota and liver function; this may be one possible molecular level link between alcohol use and depression.