bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of graphitic carbon nitride in the formation of disinfection byproducts
Authors: Ni Linjie , Hu Jiaqi , Mao Jie , Li Shanshan , Wang Haitao , Lu Jinfeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) was a promising candidate for efficient environmental remediation in the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, whether CN itself had some potential environmental risks, such as affecting the production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) was still unknown. This study investigated the formation potential of DBPs in the presence of CN. The experimental data revealed that CN had a high potential to form DBPs, and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) was the most produced species during the chlorination and chloramination processes. Moreover, the effects of chlorine time, chlorine dosage, pH, and CN dosage during the chlorination process were evaluated to understand the formation pattern of DBPs. The possible mechanism of DBPs formation was deduced by analyzing the results of FTIR, Raman, and XPS before and after chlorination. Finally, the DBPs formation potential and cytotoxicity of the CN leaching solution were investigated, indicating CN could leach the precursors of DBPs and that the potential toxicity of the leaching solution increased with the extension of CN immersion time. In general, this research adds an understanding of the DBP formation of CN in water treatment systems and sheds light on CN's environmental potential risks.
Characterization and utilization of water treatment sludge for coagulation of raw water
Authors: Lebogang Kabelo , Ntuli Freeman , Lekgoba Tumeletso , Kandjou Vepika , Tsie Mpho 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the critical steps in the treatment of raw water for human consumption is clarification. It encompasses coagulation and flocculation to reduce the concentration of suspended solids in turn producing a semi-solid slurry called water treatment sludge (WTS). It is necessary to characterize and find economic and sustainable ways to utilize the WTS. The WTS used in this work was characterized and contained aluminum (Al) (20.3% Al2O3) and iron (Fe) (5.28% Fe2O3) making it suitable for the development of a coagulant. A less energy-intensive way, through atmospheric acid leaching of WTS, was developed to extract Al and Fe for use as a coagulant. The sulphuric acid concentration and solid loading that gave the highest Al concentration were determined to be 3N and 5 g/100 mL, respectively. Turbidity reduction achieved with the developed coagulant ranged from 91 to 99% and was higher than that obtained in related studies due to the higher concentrations of Al and Fe in the WTS used in this study. Since the coagulant was very acidic, it was co-dosed with calcium oxide at 10 g/L of water to adjust the pH of the final water to allowable pH values for potable water (6.5–9.5).
Mobile Educational Game Principles in Language Learning: Validity and reliability
Authors: Tengku Paris Tengku Nazatul Shima , Mustapha Ramlan , Abas Hafiza 
Published: March 2023

Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) has become a popular topic recently due to the rapid development of mobile devices. The objective of this study is to revalidate game principles via MALL and to obtain consensus and expert opinions on the principles. The study employs the Fuzzy Delphi technique to collect responses from nine English Language specialists. The triangular fuzzy numbering method was used to analyze the data, and the 'defuzzification' process was used to determine each variable's position (ranking). According to the findings, the response and expert consensus on the game principles scale is satisfactory.

footnote
Correction - removal of Todd Cochrane as a co-author
Secure Messaging for Diabetes Management: Content Analysis
Authors: Robinson Stephanie A , Zocchi Mark , Purington Carolyn , Am Linda , DeLaughter Kathryn , Vimalananda Varsha G , Netherton Dane , Ash Arlene S , Hogan Timothy P , Shimada Stephanie L 
Published: March 2023

Background
Secure messaging use is associated with improved diabetes-related outcomes. However, it is less clear how secure messaging supports diabetes management.

Objective
We examined secure message topics between patients and clinical team members in a national sample of veterans with type 2 diabetes to understand use of secure messaging for diabetes management and potential associations with glycemic control.

Methods
We surveyed and analyzed the content of secure messages between 448 US Veterans Health Administration patients with type 2 diabetes and their clinical teams. We also explored the relationship between secure messaging content and glycemic control.

Results
Explicit diabetes-related content was the most frequent topic (72.1% of participants), followed by blood pressure (31.7% of participants). Among diabetes-related conversations, 90.7% of patients discussed medication renewals or refills. More patients with good glycemic control engaged in 1 or more threads about blood pressure compared to those with poor control (37.5% vs 27.2%, P=.02). More patients with good glycemic control engaged in 1 more threads intended to share information with their clinical team about an aspect of their diabetes management compared to those with poor control (23.7% vs 12.4%, P=.009).

Conclusions
There were few differences in secure messaging topics between patients in good versus poor glycemic control. Those in good control were more likely to engage in informational messages to their team and send messages related to blood pressure. It may be that the specific topic content of the secure messages may not be that important for glycemic control. Simply making it easier for patients to communicate with their clinical teams may be the driving influence between associations previously reported in the literature between secure messaging and positive clinical outcomes in diabetes.
Estatus laboral de los adultos mayores en América Latina durante 2016-2020. Una discusión sobre el impacto de la pandemia por la Covid-19
Authors: Castillo Aroca Alberto , Zapata Sonia , Córdoba María Elena , Castillo Javier Iris Josefina 
Published: March 2023

Introducción: el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el estatus laboral de los adultos mayores en América Latina con énfasis en el impacto producido por la COVID-19 en 2020.
Método: se caracterizó la dinámica laboral de las personas mayores de 60 años con encuestas de hogares de siete países de Latinoamérica, las cuales se resumieron con un pseudopanel. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para identificar las diferencias entre países, sexo y regiones urbanas y rurales. Se estimaron regresiones por MCO para cuantificar el efecto diferencial existente y, particularmente, el cambio producido en 2020.
Resultados: se identificó una correlación negativa (β = -0.75, p = 0.00) entre la cobertura del ingreso pensional y la participación de las personas mayores en el mercado laboral. Por lo cual, las deficiencias en la seguridad social estarían motivando la permanencia en el trabajo de las personas mayores. Dicha participación se redujo 11 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) entre 2016 y 2020, principalmente Costa Rica, Colombia y Chile, así como en las zonas urbanas y entre los hombres. El desempleo aumentó 1 p.p. de manera especial en las zonas urbanas, y el subempleo se mantuvo invariante.
Conclusiones: las diferencias en la participación laboral están mediadas por roles de género y la estructura económica de los países y de las zonas urbanas y rurales. Se evidencia un deterioro en el estatus socioeconómico que no se compensa con el leve incremento en la cobertura del ingreso pensional. Las mujeres parecen enfrentarse a una mayor exclusión y autoexclusión del mercado laboral.
Montevideo Cool! Sensibilidad esteticista con características neobarrocas
Authors: Anastasiadis Carolina , Jinchuk Natalia 
Published: March 2023

Este artículo propone el estudio de un conjunto de movimientos y fenómenos culturales, dentro de un sector de la sociedad montevideana, que caracterizaron a una sensibilidad urbana a la cual se denomina como sensibilidad cool.
Factors Influencing Muslim Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Effect of Muslim Customer Satisfaction in Indonesia
Authors: Olyvia Devy Leony , Darwanto Darwanto 
Published: March 2023

McDonald's held the second position in the Top Brand Index for five consecutive years from 2015 to 2020 conducted by Frontier Consulting Group, with participation from customers in eight major cities in Indonesia, including Semarang city. McDonald's experienced a decline in customer loyalty, which poses a challenge for the restaurant to maintain its customer base and attract new customers. Therefore, this research aims to examine the factors that influence Muslim customers' loyalty to McDonald's. The study focuses on Muslim customers with McDonald's subscriptions in Semarang City, with a sample of 144 respondents. The analysis technique used was the Structural Equation Model-AMOS. The study reveals that halal labeling, product quality, and Muslim customer satisfaction have a significant effect on Muslim customer loyalty. The quality and price of the product have a significant effect on Muslim customer satisfaction. Muslim customer satisfaction as an intervening variable cannot mediate all variables on Muslim customer loyalty. Hence, producers should focus on products of al-tayyibat.
Antifungal Efficacy of the crude Flavonoid, Terpenoid, and Alkaloid Extracted from Myrtus communis L. against Aspergillus species isolated from Stored Medicinal plants seeds in the Iraqi Markets
Authors: Hussain Arabia Yaqoub , Hussein Hussein J. , Al-Rubaye Abeer Fauzi 
Published: March 2023

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the crude Flavonoid, Terpenoid, and, Alkaloid compounds were extracted from the leaves of (Myrtus communis L.) plant against Aspergillus species isolated from stored medicinal plants seeds collected from different local markets in the province of Babil 2020 in Iraq. Antifungal activity was achieved in vitro by using food poisoning method against Aspergillus species by preparing three concentrations for each crude compound (5, 10, and 20) mg/ml and compared with positive control represented by fungicide Quinoleine 50% and negative control represented by 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The current study was aimed to control of Aspergillus species isolated form stored medicinal plants seeds by using secondary metabolites extracted from leaves of Myrtus communis L. The collected data from this study shown that, the crude Flavonoid, Terpenoid, and, Alkaloid compounds extracted from (Myrtus communis L.) leaves revealed significant inhibition at P≤ 0.05 in the growth of Aspergillus species at 20 mg/ml compared with negative control especially in Flavonoid compounds. Finally, it can be concluded that Flavonoids of Myrtus communis L. is most effective in controlling Aspergillus species.
Subjects of delict obligations
Authors: Yanovytska H. 
Published: March 2023

An independent subject of responsibility for the damage caused is only a natural person or a legal entity capable of delict. A person is recognized as capable when has reached the age of 14 (except for the cases specified in Part 2 of Article 1179 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) and is not recognized as incapable. A creditor is a person who has been injured (victim) and has the right to claim. The debtor (obligation bearer) is the person who is responsible for the damage. As a rule, it is the person causing of damage. In the cases stipulated by the law, the debtor is not the person who caused the damage, but the person responsible for the behaviour of the person who caused the damage. In the event of the victim's death, the creditors in the delict liability are disabled persons who were dependent on him or had the right to receive maintenance from him on the day of his death, as well as the child of the victim born after his death. Legal entities are liable in cases where damage is caused by the activities of its bodies or in other cases provided for by law.
In the obligations for causing damage, there is a plurality of persons in the obligation. Active plurality, that is, the presence of several creditors and one debtor, is not very common. Even if several victims are harmed by the actions of one person, it is considered that there are several obligations existing between the responsible person and each of the victims. Exceptions to this rule are cases of damage resulting from the death of a person. Passive plurality or the presence of several debtors occurs more often in delict liability. The nature of the liability of several debtors depends on what their actions are that led to the damage.
The special subject of responsibility is the state. The state is the responsible entity for the liquidation of property consequences of illegal actions of judicial and law enforcement agencies. That is why it is obliged to fulfil its subjective duty to restore the violated property sphere of the victim.
The person who compensated for the damage caused by his actions, has the right regress, that is, the right to apply for the return of the payment to the debtor, whose fault the damage was caused.
Sex differences of patients with acute chest pain evaluated through a chest pain unit
Authors: Arzuan Moti , Iram Yael Abramov , Matetzky Shlomi , Herscovici Romana , Goldkorn Ronen , Goitein Orly , Narodetsky Michael , Mazin Israel , Beigel Roy , Fardman Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Background
Although sex disparities between patients with acute myocardial infarction are well known, the data regarding sex differences among symptomatic patients with acute chest pain (ACP) are limited.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the records of 1000 consecutive patients with ACP and hospitalized in a tertiary medical center chest pain unit (CPU). Patients were divided according to sex. The primary outcome was defined as a composite end point of readmission because of chest pain, incidence of acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, and death at 90 days and 1 year.

Results
Overall, 673 men and 327 women were included in the current analysis. There was no difference in regard to sex for patients who underwent noninvasive evaluation, (87.8 vs. 87.3%, P = 0.85, for female vs. male, respectively). Among patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography, women were less likely to have significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.2 vs. 11.3%, P = 0.005). Similarly, women had fewer significant findings (4.4 vs. 7.6%, P = 0.007) on myocardial perfusion imaging. Consequently, fewer women underwent angiography (8 vs. 14%, P = 0.006) and revascularization (2.8 vs. 7.3%, P = 0.004). During follow-up, sex was not associated with the development of the primary composite outcome [odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–2.09, P-value = 0.82 and OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65–2.06, P-value = 0.59 for 90-day and 1-year follow-up, respectively].

Conclusion
Evaluation of patients through a CPU enables comparable noninvasive evaluation, appropriate utilization of invasive assessment with similar outcomes during the short and intermediate follow-up period regardless of patients’ sex.
Polymorphic Variant rs11206510 in PCSK9 and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Bulgarians
Authors: Tzveova R. , Yaneva-Sirakova T. , Naydenova G. , Vandeva S. , Pendicheva-Duhlenska D. , Atanasov P. , Mitev V. , Kaneva R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of rs11206510 in PCSK9 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in Bulgarians.

Materials and Methods
The current analysis included 261 patients with angiographically documented CAD (153 with MI and 108 without MI) and 496 population – based controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples. The selected polymorphism was genotyped by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between cases and controls using χ2 test.

Results
In this study, the presence of the T allele of rs11206510 in the PCSK9 gene was found to be associated with elevated risk for MI in patients with already existing myocardial ischemia (allele T, OR1.78,CI95:1.16-2.73, p = 0.007). The result was enhanced in the male subgroup (allele T, OR1.74, CI95:1.02-2.96, p = 0.038). Also, we found reduced risk of CAD (without MI) for T allele (OR0.70, CI95:0.49-0.99, p = 0.04). This trend was stronger in the male subgroup (OR0.56, CI95:0.35-0.90, p = 0.02). There was not any relationship of the studied genetic variant with the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins, or with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values.

Conclusion
Our study found a difference in the frequencies of rs11206510 genotypes and alleles in the PCSK9 gene between cases and controls, and the relationship of the investigated polymorphism to the risk of cardiac injury in the Bulgarian population was demonstrated. Further investigations with a larger number of cases and controls will be needed in order to evaluate a possible association between this variant and CAD/MI in Bulgarians.
A Rare Case of Acute Stanford Type a Aortic Dissection Presenting with Anterior St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ivanova N. G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Aortic dissections occur as a result of a tear in the intimal layer, continued longitudinal splitting within the intima and media, and formation of false lumen. This could lead to sudden death or severe aortic regurgitation and cardiogenic shock. The presented case here describes a patient with acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to acute Stanford type A ascending aortic dissection.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old male presented with severe chest pain, radiating into the back, jaw, and left arm, and signs of cardiogenic shock. Electrocardiography showed acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction and echocardiography confirmed that there was a reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (38% calculated using the Simpson method), severe aortic regurgitation, and wall motion abnormalities. Based on these findings, we made a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In accordance with the current guidelines, we opted for an interventional therapeutic approach. Angiography showed left main trunk dissection extending to the left anterior descending coronary artery caused by ascending aorta dissection. This finding altered the diagnosis and treatment plan and the patient was immediately sent to the operating room for emergency surgery.

Conclusions
Aortic dissection should be suspected in patients presenting with acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction, severe aortic regurgitation, and cardiogenic shock. Involvement of the left main trunk and left anterior descending artery occurs much more rarely than that of the right coronary artery, which causes inferior myocardial infarction.
Necessary Optimality Conditions for Robust Nonsmooth Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ohda Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with a robust multiobjective optimization problem involving nonsmooth/nonconvex real-valued functions. Under an appropriate constraint qualification, we establish necessary optimality conditions for weakly robust efficient solutions of the considered problem. These optimality conditions are presented in terms of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers and convexificators of the related functions. Examples illustrating our findings are also given.
Characterizations and Classification of Paraconvex Multimaps
Authors: Mokhtar-Kharroubi Hocine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Paraconvex multimaps are revisited in normed vector space setting. A parallel is provided with the studies conducted for real valued paraconvex functions on generalized convexities and monotonicities. Several characterizations are then obtained. The links with some generalized convexities for multimaps are examined and a first classification is achieved. In addition, two representation results for 2-paraconvex multimaps are given.
The need for risk stratification in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: Proposed clinical value of KidneyIntelX
Authors: Basina Marina , McLaughlin Tracey L. , Tokita Joji , Vega Aida , Zabetian Azadeh , Trucillo Allison , Nadkarni Girish , Donovan Michael , Vassalotti Joseph , Coca Steven G. , Lam David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops in > 40% of people living with diabetes and affects > 7 million people in the United States. Of the 15 million individuals with type 2 diabetes and CKD in the United States, > 90% are in the “early stages of CKD” (stages G1–G3). Standard risk stratification tools for progression of kidney disease have limitations, and lack precision at an individual level. Individualized risk tools, such as KidneyIntelX™, that incorporate well-validated prognostic protein biomarkers integrated with key clinical variables and are integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) can help address these challenges. KidneyIntelX can identify patients earlier in their disease course when intervention would be most impactful. Herein, 4 case studies are presented to demonstrate how 3 different physicians utilized KidneyIntelX to make clinical decisions and optimize the management of patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
Municipios y patrimonio cultural: hacia un posible reajuste del sistema de protección de los bienes culturales inmuebles
Authors: Sánchez-Mesa Martínez Leonardo J. 
Published: March 2023

La presente aportación pretende evidenciar la necesidad de una revisión del sistema de protección del Patrimonio cultural inmueble en un contexto marcado por la inflación de las realidades protegidas que pone en riesgo la eficacia de un modelo excesivamente centralizado en cada C. A., y que presenta a los Ayuntamientos como entidades colaboradoras sometidas a una intensa tutela externa en su operar. El reconocimiento de mayores espacios a la autonomía local en este ámbito puede aportar no sólo un sistema de tutela más eficaz y ágil, sino también más coherente y coordinado con el protagonismo que corresponde a los Municipios en materia urbanística (particularmente, en la autorización y control de intervenciones). El análisis de la evolución de las diversas Leyes de Patrimonio cultural vigentes (donde el modelo de la LPHE ha ejercido gran influencia) revela cierta resistencia al abandono de sistemas de tutela centralizados. Es posible, sin embargo, identificar concretas experiencias regionales en sentido contrario, así como recientes aportaciones, aquí analizadas, que se hallan resueltas a dar un paso más decidido a favor de una mayor descentralización de competencias sobre el nivel local.