bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining and modeling of density and viscosity of biodiesel-diesel and biodiesel-diesel-butanol blends
Authors: Joshipura Milind H. , Saxena Parag , Shah Nimish , Dwivedi Ankur , Pillai Shibu , Aggrawal Madhu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the present work jatropha, palm, and karanja-based biodiesel and diesel blends, as well as biodiesel diesel and butanol blends, were studied. 112 density data for biodiesel-diesel blends in the temperature range of 30–65 °C were generated. 651 data for viscosity for these blends were generated in the temperature range of 25–65 °C. Blends with butanol were studied only at room temperature. The addition of butanol has not made much of a difference in the density or viscosity of the blends. Empirical models available in the literature were fitted to the data. The linear model in volume fraction and temperature was accurate for density. A generalized model was proposed representing the density for the biodiesel/diesel blend comprising all three biodiesels. A new empirical model for viscosity was also proposed in the study. The proposed model performed well compared to other models, with % an OARD of 3.74 %. A generalized model for viscosity was also proposed. The generalized models could estimate the density and viscosity with % OARD of 0.673  and 5.25 %, respectively.
The Delineation of Rights and China’s Vast Transformation
Authors: ZiRan Yu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The transformation of China can be understood as a process of interaction between economic growth and national governance. Given that scientific technology and transaction costs are dominant factors affecting wealth accumulation, the control of transaction costs was the focus of China’s national governance in the premodern history of an agrarian-dominated economy with slow technological progress. China was the world’s most prosperous country thanks to the reduction of transaction costs through a family-based economy lacking property rights, a political structure of the family state, and an ethics-based social governance without law and jurisprudence. However, breakthroughs and progress in science and technology from Western countries brought subversive changes to the comprehensive strength of China. China was forced to transform. To take advantage of advances in science and technology and rapidly accumulate wealth, China moved from delineating human rights to delineating property rights as the main competition-restricting mechanism. The former hierarchical system and its ethics were replaced by a legal system that treated all people fundamentally equally. The revolution accelerated this change by abolishing inelastic customs and ethics that hindered modernization. Paradoxically, the Chinese Communist Party, as the main group that led the revolution, created a functioning system with a human rights structure of horizontal equality and vertical hierarchy for organization and mobilization that has allowed contemporary China to balance reform, development and stability.
Mechanical, Acoustical, and Morphological Characterization of Impact Damage on the Effect of Temperature in Hybrid Polymer Composites
Authors: Chelliah Suresh Kumar , Kannivel Saravanakumar , Vellayaraj Arumugam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work focuses on the investigation of impact damage resistance of basalt/epoxy, hemp/epoxy, and hybrid/epoxy composites under different temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 65°C. Unidirectional basalt and nonwoven hemp fibers were reinforced with LY556 epoxy resin using a hand layup technique. Mechanical, acoustical, and morphological analyses were performed to study the impact damage behaviors of composites. To start with, the specimens were subjected to a drop weight impact test with an impact velocity and incident energy of 1.5 m/s and 2.17 J, respectively. Subsequently, the three-point bending test was conducted on the impacted specimens with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring to evaluate the residual flexural strength and failure modes. The mechanical results showed that the hybrid/epoxy composites impacted at 50°C have better impact damage resistance attributed to low absorbed energy, deformation, residual dent, and higher residual strength. AE results showed that the matrix cracking failure modes were reduced with increasing temperature, whereas other failure modes were increased. Furthermore, the different damage mechanisms were correlated with the scanning electron microscopy images. The results provided evidence that the hybridization of natural fiber composites can be a suitable material for the application of impact loading at elevated temperatures.
Comparative Geometrical Analysis of In Situ Mechanical Performance of 2-D Woven In-Plane Auxetic Structures
Authors: Waseem Ullah Khan Raja Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Mubeen Safdar Muhammad , Ayub Asghar Muhammad , Umair Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recently, the production of auxetic textiles using conventional yarns and equipment has captured the attention of researchers. Yet only uni-stretch 2-D woven auxetic structures and auxetic knitted textiles have been produced using conventional yarns. This paper reports a comparative analysis of auxetic and mechanical performance (tensile strength, tear strength, and stretch and growth %) performance of auxetic foldable and auxetic honeycomb (AHC) structures using common elastic and nonelastic yarns and conventional weaving technologies. For this purpose, five different auxetic weave designs including α-vertical pointed twill (S1), β-vertical pointed twill (S2), α-horizontal pointed twill (S3), β-horizontal pointed twill (S4), and honeycomb structure (S5) were selected, and their corresponding woven fabrics were developed with equal thread density at the weaving stage. Auxeticity of woven structures was measured in both the warp and weft directions. The results showed that when the developed fabrics were stretched along the warp and weft directions, the foldable geometry showed −1 and −0.07 maximum negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR), respectively. Although the AHC structure showed maximum NPR −0.94 and −0.21 along warp and weft directions, respectively. AHC showed better mechanical performance as compared with foldable geometry and has higher dimensional stability. AHC structure showed the highest tensile strength as compared with the others. S3, S4, and S5 remained untorn along the warp direction because these have longer float lengths that produce a bunch having a greater number of yarns, whereas S1 and S2 showed tear strength of 47 and 43.2 N, respectively. In the weft direction, only S1 remained untorn, whereas the other four samples showed the tear strength value.
Reorganization of Corticospinal Projections after Prominent Recovery of Finger Dexterity from Partial Spinal Cord Injury in Macaque Monkeys
Authors: Sawada Masahiro , Yoshino-Saito Kimika , Ninomiya Taihei , Oishi Takao , Yamashita Toshihide , Onoe Hirotaka , Takada Masahiko , Nishimura Yukio , Isa Tadashi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated morphologic changes in the corticospinal tract (CST) to understand the mechanism underlying recovery of hand function after lesion of the CST at the C4/C5 border in seven macaque monkeys. All monkeys exhibited prominent recovery of precision grip success ratio within a few months. The trajectories and terminals of CST from the contralesional (n = 4) and ipsilesional (n = 3) hand area of primary motor cortex (M1) were investigated at 5–29 months after the injury using an anterograde neural tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Reorganization of the CST was assessed by counting the number of BDA-labeled axons and bouton-like swellings in the gray and white matters. Rostral to the lesion (at C3), the number of axon collaterals of the descending axons from both contralesional and ipsilesional M1 entering the ipsilesional and contralesional gray matter, respectively, were increased. Caudal to the lesion (at C8), axons originating from the contralesional M1, descending in the preserved gray matter around the lesion, and terminating in ipsilesional Laminae VI/VII and IX were observed. In addition, axons and terminals from the ipsilesional M1 increased in the ipsilesional Lamina IX after recrossing the midline, which were not observed in intact monkeys. Conversely, axons originating from the ipsilesional M1 and directed toward the contralesional Lamina VII decreased. These results suggest that multiple reorganizations of the corticospinal projections to spinal segments both rostral and caudal to the lesion originating from bilateral M1 underlie a prominent recovery in long-term after spinal cord injury.
Initial ablation ratio predicts the recurrence of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas treated with microwave ablation: a 5-year, single-institution cohort study
Authors: Ren Yujie , Han Xue , Li Yujiang , Chen Guofang , Jiang Lin , Liu Chao , Xu Shuhang 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) and to identify predictive factors for the postoperative local tumor progression of PTMC.

Methods
A total of 154 low-risk PTMC patients treated with MWA who were followed up for at least 3 months were retrospectively recruited. Ultrasonography was performed after MWA to assess the local tumor progression. Adverse events associated with MWA were recorded. The ablated volume (Va) and initial ablation ratio (IAR) were measured to assess their influences on the recurrence risk of PTMC.

Results
The mean tumor volume of PTMC before MWA was 0.071 (0.039, 0.121) cm3, with a maximum diameter of 0.60 ± 0.18 cm. All PTMC patients were followed up for 6 (3, 18) months. Va increased immediately after MWA, then gradually decreased over time, till significantly smaller at 12 months than that before MWA (P < 0.05). The median volume reduction ratio at 24 months reached 100%, which was maintained during a 60-month follow-up. A total of 7 (4.55%) cases of local tumor progression were recorded during the follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the rate of local tumor progression was significantly lower in PTMC patients with a maximum tumor diameter < 0.70 cm than in those with ≥0.70 cm (P = 0.031). A significant better prognosis was achieved in PTMC patients with IAR ≥ 15 than in those with IAR < 15 (P = 0.015). Sex, age (<55 years) and preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (>2.0 mU/L) of PTMC patients were not correlated with local tumor progression.

Conclusion
MWA is an effective therapeutic strategy for low-risk PTMC with high safety. The maximum tumor diameter and IAR are predictive factors for the local tumor progression of PTMC after MWA.
Nulidad absoluta por falencia en la planeación contractual
Authors: Castillo Povea Eduardo , Páez Barros Jorge Enrique , Rodríguez Serpa Ferney Asdrúbal , De la Torre Soto Giselle Loren , Navarro-Beltrán Jorge 
Published: July 2023

El Consejo de Estado de Colombia, a través de la sentencia CE SIII E 27315-2013 introdujo al ordenamiento jurídico una nueva causal de nulidad absoluta por objeto ilícito, la cual se genera por falencias en la planeación del contrato estatal. De acuerdo con la normatividad vigente, la planeación del proceso contractual le corresponde únicamente a la entidad contratante conforme a las leyes 80 de 1993, 1150 de 2007, 1474 de 2011, 1882 de 2018 y el decreto reglamentario 1082 de 2015. No obstante, el Consejo de Estado en la referida sentencia le asigna el deber de planeación al contratista, sin tener en consideración que el mismo no está obligado a realizar dicha función en la etapa precontractual, como tampoco a subsanar defectos generados en la primera etapa de planeación, cuando aún no hay contratista porque el proceso de selección está en momentos previos a la expedición y publicación del acto administrativo de apertura del proceso, y donde solo hay potenciales proponentes, pero no contratista, que es a quien legalmente se le exige el deber de colaboración en la ejecución del contrato. Con la declaratoria de nulidad del contrato por objeto ilícito, se suspende la ejecución del mismo y el contratista debe asumir la pérdida de casi todos los recursos invertidos en la ejecución de la obra, lo cual equivale a decir, que por disposición judicial, el contratista sufre detrimento patrimonial, investigación penal, fiscal y afectación en su inscripción en el RUP porque el Estado contratante no cumple con el deber de correcta planeación, lo que constituye evidente injusticia para con el contratista.
Formation of social communication skills among students of the Faculty of Medicine in the system of professional education. Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kidirbayeva K. , Satiyeva Sh , Kuanyshbayeva Zh , Iskakova A. , Assanova G. I. , Роvalyashko G. , Duisenbekova Zh. 
Published: July 2023

The article describes the formation of social communication (SC) skills among healthcare professionals in order to determine its place in professional activities.A theoretical analysis of the philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and scientific-methodical literature related to the problem under study was carried out. The national pedagogical experience in SC development was analyzed through the prism of cultural and moral patterns embedded in the national literature. The following methods were used: conversations with students, medical workers, discussion, survey.According to the authors, the low interest in national literature and culture is a significant reason for the low level of SC skills among workers in the social and medical service and in professional group communication. A survey among students showed a low interest in the national cultural samples, including those expressed in national literature.According to the authors, in the development of SC skills in future healthcare professionals, the experience of domestic pedagogy is of great importance, aimed at improving the moral education necessary for adequate behavior and communication, not only in the context of local and national realities, but also including respect for other cultures.
Detection and Localization of Faults in a Regional Power Grid
Authors: Kokoszka Piotr , Rimkus Mantautas , Hosur Sanjay Sheshagiri , Duan Dongliang , Wang Haonan 
Published: July 2023

The structure of power flows in transmission grids is evolving and is likelyto change significantly in the coming years due to the rapid growth ofrenewable energy generation that introduces randomness and bidirectionalpower flows. Another transformative aspect is the increasing penetrationof various smart-meter technologies. Inexpensive measurement devicescan be placed at practically any component of the grid. Using modeldata reflecting smart-meter measurements,we propose a two-stage procedure for detecting a fault in a regional powergrid. In the first stage, a fault is detected in real time. In the second stage,the faulted line is identified with a negligible delay. The approach uses onlythe voltage modulus measured at buses (nodes of the grid) as the input.Our method does not require prior knowledge of thefault type. The method is fully implemented in R.Pseudo code and complete mathematical formulas are provided.
Pruning Boosts Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Old Valencia Orange Trees: A Field Study
Authors: Al-Saif Adel M. , Abdel-Aziz Hosny F. , Khalifa Sobhy , Elnaggar Ibrahim A. , Abd El-wahed Abd El-wahed N , Sharaf Ahmed , Hamdy Ashraf E. 
Published: July 2023

Pruning is an important part in controlling the branching, good fruit size, and prodctivity of fruit trees. and consequently, ‘Valencia’ orange trees were grown many years ago, the trees were suffering from a decline in productivity in the newly reclaimed lands after certain years of plantation. This study elucidated the effect of pruning severity on growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees. Four levels of pruning were applied on 35 years old ‘Valencia’ orange trees as follows: T1: Control (un-pruned), T2: Light pruning ( 25% of main branches were removed); T3: Moderate pruning (50% of main branches were removed) and T4: Heavy pruning: 75% of main branches were removed. The treatments were done in February 15th (for each season). The results indicated that pruning severity increased vegetative growth paraments such as shoot length and leaf area and decreased canopy volume of Valencia orange trees in comparison to control. Maximum yield was gained from 75% followed by 50% and 25% pruning severity treatment. The pruning treatments improve in fruit weight, size, firmness, juice content, TSS%, TSS/acid ratio and vitamin C content. In addition, pruning produced an increasing in fruit yield per tree as well as yield increasing %. Hence, it might be concluded that pruning at different severity applied in February can be used effectively on ‘Valencia’ orange trees to improve vegetative growth, fruit physical and chemical properties. Besides, increasing fruit yield by nearly 20% in comparison to control.
Removal of lead (Pb(II)) from water by adsorption using Nagar Parker kaolin clay.
Authors: Azam Farhan 
Published: July 2023

Clean water is now very rare due to the increased water pollution causing many diseases. Heavy metals mainly lead from industrial waste i.e. batteries, cable sheaths, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, lead oxide and radiation protection is accountable &amp; largely contributed lead in river and canal waters.
Presence of lead in water is hazardous to life due to many reasons. It can cause cancer, weakness, anemia, kidneys, high blood pressure and nerve diseases. Inorganic lead is reported to me more dangerous than organic one. Industries including batteries, cable sheaths, machinery manufacturing etc. drains water that has soluble lead ranging from 200 – 500 mg/L. The safe limit of lead in water is about 0.015 mg/L.
Pakistan is a country rich in minerals. It has about 3.5 MT of Kaolin (Clay) deposits situated at Nagar Parker region of Sindh, Pakistan. This indigenous material is being used to produce ceramic products and in paper making. Now we use this mineral source to remove lead from water by adsorption.
Kaolin clay can be used as an adsorbent due to its unique structure. XRF technique is employed for clay characterization. Resultants will be analyzed by UV – Vis Spectrophotometry.
Surgical Duration Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Surgical Site Infection and May Not Be Mitigated by Prolonged Antibiotics
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Wilson Machelle , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven ,   on behalf of the PARITY Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background:
Infection after tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction is a potentially limb-threatening complication. The duration of surgery has been shown to be a risk factor for infection, but the ability of an extended duration of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics to potentially minimize that risk has not been specifically studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether extended postoperative antibiotic therapy protects against surgical site infection (SSI) in the setting of prolonged surgical duration in patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumor resection.

Methods:
This study was a planned secondary analysis of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial data set. Patients in the PARITY trial were randomized to receive 24 hours or 5 days of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. The current study assessed the risk of SSI in those cohorts on the basis of surgical duration. A multivariable regression model was used to examine the adjusted effects of the duration of surgery on SSI, after controlling for other significant risk factors and potential confounders.

Results:
All 604 patients who had been included in the final data analysis in the PARITY trial were also included in this secondary analysis. Those who sustained an SSI had a greater mean duration of surgery (6.2 hours) compared with those who did not sustain an SSI (4.9 hours, p < 0.0001). There was no specific time point at which the risk of infection significantly increased. Extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy did not appear to mitigate the risk of SSI even in patients with prolonged surgical duration.

Conclusions:
Increased surgical duration was an independent risk factor for SSI in orthopaedic patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumor resection. However, surgical duration is multifactorial and is influenced by several variables. For example, there may be protective features of flap coverage that increase surgical duration while paradoxically decreasing the risk of SSI. Extended postoperative antibiotic therapy did not mitigate the risk of infection in this cohort, and other risk mitigation strategies will need to be considered in future studies.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nanopore Sequencing with T2T-CHM13 for Accurate Detection and Blocking of Structural Rearrangements in Highly Repetitive Heterochromatin Regions in Human Embryos
Authors: Xia Qiuping , Ding Taoli , Chang Tianli , Ruan Jiangxing , Yang Ji , Ma Menglin , Liu Jiaqi , Liu Zhen , Jiao Shujing , Wu Jian , Ren Jun , Yao zhongyuan , Lu Sijia , Li Yanping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Structural rearrangements in highly repetitive heterochromatin regions can result in miscarriage or fetal malformations, but detecting and blocking these rearrangements has been challenging. Recently, the completion of a complete human genome (T2T-CHM13) has made it possible to accurately characterize structural rearrangements in these regions.
Results
We developed a methodology based on T2T-CHM13 and nanopore sequencing to detect and block structural rearrangements in highly repetitive heterochromatin. To validate this approach, we used nanopore sequencing on families with inversions and reciprocal translocations close to the centromere. With the T2T-CHM13 reference, we accurately detected the inversion and translocation in centromeres, constructed haplotypes, and prevented the transmission of structural rearrangements in offspring.
Conclusions
This study represents the first successful application of T2T-CHM13 in human reproduction and provides a feasible protocol for detecting and blocking structural rearrangements in heterochromatin in embryos.
Design and Application of Concrete Bricks using Phase Change Materials
Authors: DUGGAL PRAKHAR , Tomar R.K. , Kaushika N.D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Concrete bricks tend to provide more benefits than only what may be perceived. Blocking out undesirable external noise and functioning as a reliable barrier against it, among many other interruptions. The concrete brick's low maintenance requirements and fire safety are its other advantages. Concrete brick exterior walls have better thermal mass properties. When compared to traditional materials, phase change materials (PCM) have a higher fusion heat. Given the alarming implications of global warming and the potential for this material to reduce energy consumption in buildings by virtue of its capacity for thermal storage as well as its ability to improve indoor comfort in buildings, the inclusion of such materials into building materials has piqued my interest in research. This paper presents the testing of concrete bricks which have phase change material in them and comparing it with the conventional concrete bricks. The PCM-enhanced concrete bricks were used to construct a room wherein the temperature could be monitored at particular moments and was cast at 5% PCM by weight of the concrete brick. To get the most out of the material, several PCM placement alignments in concrete bricks were used during the casting process. The study demonstrates that there was a temperature difference of 4 to 6 degrees on average between the PCMs enhanced concrete brick room and the traditional concrete brick room. The compressive strength reduce by 2%, which is in an acceptable range limit.