bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional mathematical modeling for the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Thabet Hayman , Kendre Subhash 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model based on nonlinear PDEs of fractional veritable-order derivatives which describe the host population surviving on the transmission and evolution of the describes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Five host population groups have been considered, the susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered, and deceased (SEIRD) populations. The proposed model is governed by PDEs with fractional variable-order derivatives. The proposed model is new and has not been introduced before in its current formulation, therefore, the proposed technique is not compared with other techniques or real scenarios for the same model. The advantage of the used fractional partial derivatives of variable order that it can model the rate of change of subpopulation for the debated model. As an efficient tool to obtain the solution of the proposed model, a modified analytical technique based on the Adomian decomposition method is introduced. However, the present study is in general and can be applied to a host population of any country that can help inform public health interventions.
Retrospective judgments of confidence in a complex span task
Authors: Lau Giovanny , Moulin Chris J.A. , Portrat Sophie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the study of metamemory monitoring originated in predictions for simple span tasks, the study of metacognition for working memory (WM) has been somewhat neglected in comparison with long-term memory. We aimed to fill this gap by exploring the ability to self-assess WM operations. Thirty-four participants performed 16 series of complex span tasks and rated their confidence in a verbal recall paradigm. We manipulated the cognitive load (CL) based on the TBRS model in order to analyze the role of attentional resources on both WM and metacognitive evaluations. As expected, we found that recall is affected by cognitive load and we found standard serial position effects. Interestingly, metacognitive evaluations followed the same pattern, and measures of metacognitive sensitivity suggest that participants are able to make item-by-item retrospective judgements reflective of their performance. We discuss how these results contribute to our understanding of metacognitive access to working memory operations.
Deep Learning Dynamic Allostery of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Do Hung , Wang Jinan , Miao Yinglong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of human membrane proteins and represent primary targets of ~ 1/3 of currently marketed drugs. Allosteric modulators have emerged as more selective drug candidates compared with orthosteric agonists and antagonists. However, many X-ray and cryo-EM structures of GPCRs resolved so far exhibit negligible differences upon binding of positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs). Mechanism of dynamic allosteric modulation in GPCRs remains unclear. In this work, we have systematically mapped dynamic changes in free energy landscapes of GPCRs upon binding of allosteric modulators using the Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), Deep Learning (DL) and free energy prOfiling Workflow (GLOW). A total of 18 available high-resolution experimental structures of allosteric modulator-bound class A and B GPCRs were collected for simulations. A number of 8 computational models were generated to examine selectivity of the modulators by changing their target receptors to different subtypes. All-atom GaMD simulations were performed for a total of 66 µs on 44 GPCR systems in the presence/absence of the modulator. DL and free energy calculations revealed significantly reduced conformational space of GPCRs upon modulator binding. While the modulator-free GPCRs often sampled multiple low-energy conformational states, the NAMs and PAMs confined the inactive and active agonist-G protein-bound GPCRs, respectively, to mostly only one specific conformation for signaling. Such cooperative effects were significantly reduced for binding of the selective modulators to “non-cognate” receptor subtypes in the computational models. Therefore, comprehensive DL of extensive GaMD simulations has revealed a general dynamic mechanism of GPCR allostery, which will greatly facilitate rational design of selective allosteric drugs of GPCRs.
Sublaminar Decompression and Fusion Versus Sublaminar Trimming Laminoplasty: a Retrospective Cohort.
Authors: Ali Elsayed Mohamed Selem , Nafea Waleed Mohamed Nafea , Saleh Mohammed Khalid Saleh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Many surgical options for treating lumbar degenerative disorders have been used to improve health related outcome of those patients. The aim of the study is to compare the functional and radiological outcome of the two techniques in management of Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).
Methods: Sixty patients with Lumbar spinal stenosis were included in a retrospective cohort study at zagazig university hospital. The inclusion criteria were patients with single level LSS with back and /or leg pain with instability on dynamic radiology not responding to medical treatment. We excluded patients with pathological fracture, high grade spondylolisthesis and infection. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of treatment done. Group one included patients with sublaminar trimming Laminoplasty with instrumented fusion. The second group included patients with sublaminar decompression with instrumented fusion. Patients were assessed clinically using visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain and the Owestry Disability Index (ODI) for the disability. Plain x-ray, CT and MRI was done for all patients preoperative and we measured AP-thecal sac area, foraminal height and the thecal sac area for all patients (pre- and post-operative).
Results: comparing both groups there were no difference in relation to demographic data nor in the diagnosis of the spinal stenosis. Group-2 had longer hospital stay. Both groups improved clinically post-operatively with no statistical difference between them. However, the rate of improvement in group-2 in relation to leg pain was better. Both groups improved radiologically, but AP-thecal sac area, foraminal height and the thecal sac area were much improved in group-2 (p-value<0.001) in comparison to group-1.
Conclusion: Sublaminar decompression can particularly achieve better central, foraminal and lateral recess decompression together with a better fusion rate and hence, can be used as alternative to different laminotomy decompression techniques for treating different lumbar degenerative disorders.
Essential oil profile of yarrow (Achillea spp. and Tanacetum spp.) ecotypes and their allelopathic potential to suppress redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
Authors: Niazipoor Gholamreza , AghaAlikhani Majid , Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Ali , Vitalini Sara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As far as we know, there is no information on the effect of Achillea residuals on controlling weeds when considering the effective compounds of the aerial parts of this plant. Thus, in a pot experiment, the allelopathic effect of dry material from the flower, leaf and stem of Tanacetum polycephalum L. and 9 Achillea spp. (Achillea santolina L., A. millefolium L., A. nobilis L., A. conferta DC., A. vermicularis Trin., A. beibersteinii Afan., A. talagonica Boiss., A. tenuifolia Lam., A. aleppica DC.) applied to the soil on the growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seedling was tested. Five different ratios of aerial dry material of different species as residues (at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 50 g kg− 1 dry weight) were used in the pots. Achillea residual had a significant effect on the growth of redroot pigweed. Achillea vermicolaris, A.conferta, A. aleppica, and A. nobilis were the most effective species at stopping the growth of redroot pigweed. Based on the results of GC/MS analyses, 152 different compounds were found in the essential oil of Achillea spp. Partial least squares regression between effective doses for controlling redroot pigweed and allelochemical compounds of Achillea species showed that cis-Menth-2-en-1-ol, α-Terpinyl, propionate and Bornyl acetate had the most effect on inhibiting the growth of redroot pigweed. Our research revealed that the Achillea genus has a lot of potential as a bioherbicide. This means that its leftovers or mulch could be used as a good cover crop to get rid of redroot pigweed.
Maternal origin of children-onset asthma: evidence from observational study and instrumental variable analysis
Authors: Jin Siyi , Wu Yuxuan , Zhang Shuo , Gao Tongyu , Liu Ying , Ping Zeng , Wang Ting 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
An inverse association was observed between birthweight and children-onset asthma (COA), the origin of the connection however remains elusive. Instrumental variable causal inference analysis can be used to reveal the origin of such associationbut requires resolving the mixed genetic effect of birthweight into fetal/maternal-specific components.
Methods
We first performed a meta-analysis to study the relation between birthweight and COA using updated literature published from 2014 to 2020. Using maternal-specific instruments of birthweight, we next performed a genetic risk score (GRS) based Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effect of low birthweight on COA in mother-offspring pairs (n=3,634) and father-offspring pairs (n=1,334) of the UK Biobank. Two sensitivity analyses of MR were applied to assess the robustness of our causal inference and another method called iMAP was conducted to offer complementary result regarding the direction of referred causality.
Results
The updated meta-analysis indicated individuals born with lower birthweight would be more vulnerable to asthma in childhood. The GRS-based MR analysis demonstrated a significantly negative maternal impact of birthweight on COA (β=-0.162, P=0.037) after adjusting for offspring’s genetic effect in mother-offspring pairs, but failed to repeat this relation in father-offspring pairs. Our sensitivity analyses showed such inverse association was robust against horizontal pleiotropy of used instruments (β=-0.169, P=0.030) and was not likely affected by preterm birth (β=-0.165, P=0.035). The iMAPresult also provided additional evidence supporting the causal influence of low birthweight on COA.
Conclusions
This study provides supportive evidence for the maternal origin of COA and helps guide early prevention for COA via improving intrauterine environments during pregnancy.
Relationship between changes in real-world arm use behavior and structural remodeling of white matter after ischemic stroke
Authors: Anmoto Naoya , Morita Suguru , Inagaki Aki , Horimoto Yoshihiko , Tajima Toshihisa , Sato Chikako , Hibino Hiroaki , Hibino Shin , Okita Yuho , Takebayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground: Although associations between changes in upper-extremity motor impairment and structural changes in white matter after a stroke have been reported, no studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between changes in real-world arm use and structural changes in white matter after a stroke. Objective: To investigate the correlation between changes in real-world arm use and white matter structure after an ischemic stroke. Methods: In the subacute phase after an ischemic stroke, 18 patients with upper-extremity paralysis underwent the clinical assessments (Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity [FMA-UE] and Motor Activity Log [MAL]) before and after rehabilitation. Neural pathway integrity was also assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor imaging. We assessed the correlation between changes in FA and clinical assessments. A similar sub-analysis was performed on 11 patients with moderate to severe paralysis. Results: Changes in FMA-UE did not correlate with changes in FA in each region of interest. However, changes in the MAL were positively correlated with changes in FA in the column and body of the fornix (r=0.699, p=0.017) and the ipsilesional posterior limb internal capsule (r=0.640, p=0.034) in sub-analysis. Furthermore, there was a tendency towards a correlation in the ipsilesional cingula of the cingulate gyrus in all patients (r=0.441, p=0.067) and in patients with moderate to severe paralysis (r=0.544, p=0.083). Conclusions: Changes in real-world arm use after an ischemic stroke may be associated with changes in the corticospinal tract and white matter structures, such as the fornix and cingulate, related to the reward system and behavioral learning.
Diagnosed and subjectively perceived long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on olfactory function assessed by supervised machine learning
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Brosig Oskar , Slobodova Jana , Kringel Dario , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Loss of olfactory function appears to be a typical COVID-19 symptom, at least in early variants of SARS-CoV2. The time that has elapsed since the emergence of COVID-19 now allows us to assess the long-term prognosis of its olfactory impact.
Methods
Participants (n = 722 of whom n = 464 reported having had COVID-19 dating back with a mode of 174 days) were approached and tested in a museum as a relatively unbiased environment. Olfactory function was diagnosed by assessing odor threshold and odor identification performance. Subjects also rated their actual olfactory function on a 100-mm visual analog scale and provided analogous retrospective estimates of their smelling ability before the COVID-19 infection and immediately after it.
Results
Diagnosed olfactory function did not differ in former COVID-19 patients from controls. Olfactory diagnoses included 20% decreased olfactory function in former patients and 18.7% in controls, which was not significant. Of former patients, 145 (31.2%) retrospectively reported temporarily reduced olfactory function. Only nine 9 patients (2.2%) reported ongoing reduction of their olfactory function. Overall, former patients rated their current olfactory function significantly better than controls. Supervised machine learning was able to detect past COVID-19 infection from self-assessment of current olfactory function, but not from diagnosed current olfactory function, better than by guessing, although accuracy was intermediate, not suggesting utility as a clinical test.
Conclusions
While retrospectively about one-third of former CVID-19 patients recalled olfactory symptoms associated with prior infection, the present results suggest a positive long-term prognosis for COVID-19-associated olfactory loss.
On the Location of the Nontrivial Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function on the Critical Line
Authors: Arwashan Naji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper we focus our attention on the zeta series ζ (s) = Σ∞n=1 1/ns in the domain of 0 < σ < 1 Even though the series is divergent in that domain, but we will find that its divergence will satisfy an asymptotic equation that involves the values of the zeta function in that same domain. Applying that equation to the critical line will lead us to a function that calculates the value of a convergent series of cosine waves; and interestingly we will find that the finite sum of that series is a combined wave that reorganizes the location of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line.
MSC code 11E45
The role of nutrients, light and litter in causing species loss in an alpine meadow community
Authors: Ren Zhengwei , Zhao Wei , Zhou Xiaolong , Bang Shaohao , Yao Wanwan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The loss of species diversity in nutrient-enriched grasslands is often explained by several single hypotheses, but they do not consider the potential multiple roles of soil availability, light, and plant productivity. Using a 2-year field experiment of multiple nutrient additions (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, NPK) in an alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we test whether the three competition hypotheses (niche dimension-diversity hypothesis, litter hypothesis and light competition hypothesis) can simultaneously explain the decline in species richness following NPK addition. Our results found that increased soil nutrients (PC1 scores obtained by Principal Component Analysis) with NPK addition directly led to a decline in species richness. Light limitation with increasing ANPP following NPK addition indirectly accelerated competitive exclusion and caused species loss. Increased ANPP was mainly dependent on a larger proportion of the grass Elymus.nutansin NPK-fertilized plots compared to control plots, suggesting the important role of the dominant species limiting light availability following NPK addition. However, our result does not support the litter hypothesis, possibly because the seasonal grazing behavior of the herbivore (i.e yak) mitigates negative effect of litter on species richness. Overall, these results indicate that belowground soil nutrient and aboveground light availability are consistently important for structuring species diversity, suggesting that the decline in species diversity with nutrient enrichment is caused by multiple ecological mechanisms simultaneously.
Atsttrin Regulates Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis through TNFR Pathway
Authors: Wei Jianlu , Liu Kaiwen , Liu Jinbo , Zhao Wei , Wang Zihao , Qiao Fei , Shi Jie , He Qiting , Meng Qunbo , Cheng Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease. Osteoporosis is believed to be a systemic inflammatory condition in which inflammatory cytokines play an important role. Among these molecules, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in the initiation and development of osteoporosis. Atsttrin is an engineered protein derived from the growth factor, progranulin (PGRN). It’s well accepted Atsttrin inhibits TNF-α’s function by binding tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (TNFRs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Atsttrin in osteoporosis. Present study use cell TRAP staining to determine the role of Atsttrin in osteoclastogenesis. Alkaline phosphatase staining of cells was examined for ostoblastogenesis. Western blotting and ELISA assay were taken for the measurement of protein level and phorsphorylation. Real time PCR was used to test the transcriptional level expression. Gene silence method was taken for the pathway investigation. By applying these methods, we found Atsttrin inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory destruction. Further mechanism studies indicated Atsttrin inhibited TNF-α- induced osteoclastogenesis though TNFR1 signaling pathway. Moreover, Atsttrin rescued TNF-α-mediated inhibition of osteoblastogenesis via TNFR1 pathway. Importantly, present study found Atsttrin could not induce osteoblast differentiation, however, Atsttrin could significantly enhance osteoblastogenesis through TNFR2-Akt-Erk1/2 signaling.
Group VIII Transition Metal (Fe, Ru &amp;Os) embedded Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Acetone Sensor: A First Principle Investigation
Authors: Nihal Nihal , Sharma Rahul , Kaur Navjot , Sharma Mamta , Choudhary B. C. , Goswamy J. K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Exposure to acetone, widely used volatile organic compound (VOC) in various industries: chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and teaching/research laboratories, causes throat, nose, and eye irritation. Further, it is an explosive and flammable VOC. Hence it becomes crucial to detect acetone efficiently. Graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) can be a promising material for sensing, provided its low adsorption and poor electrical conductivity are improved upon by adding some transition metal. In the present work, we have investigated the sensing behavior of pristine graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) and group VIII transition metal (Fe, Ru & Os) embedded gCN monolayer (Y/gCN) for acetone sensing using DFT calculations. Structural and electronic properties such as adsorption energy, band structure, and density of states (DOS) have been studied. The calculated adsorption energy of pristine gCN is -1.32 eV which improves to –10.52, -8.75, and − 7.23eV for Fe, Ru, and Os embedded gCN, respectively. Band structure also reflects that the addition of Fe, Ru, and Os in gCN results in the shrinking of band gap gCN after acetone adsorption. Further, after the adsorption of acetone, the DOS values also exhibit a drastic increase from a value of 13.48 eV− 1 for pristine gCN to 439,423 and 332 eV− 1 for Fe, Ru and Os embedded gCN. The charge transfer between acetone and substrate materials suggests improved sensing properties after group VIII-TM addition in pristine gCN. The I-V plot has been employed to investigate the change in the sensing response of gCN after adding Fe, Ru, and Os in it. The present study reveals that the sensing performance of the group VIII-TM (Fe, Ru & Os) embedded gCN is significantly enhanced with the best response for Fe/gCN compared to pristine gCN, and it can be a promising material for acetone sensing.
Clinical outcomes of teeth adjacent to the site of mandibulotomy or mandibulectomy in patients with head and neck cancer: results from a multidisciplinary mono-institutional head and neck tumor board
Authors: Castagnola Raffaella , Rupe Cosimo , Gioco Gioele , Almadori Giovanni , Galli Jacopo , Tagliaferri Luca , Cassano Alessandra , Gallenzi Patrizia , Lajolo Carlo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this case series wasto evaluatethe necrosis of teeth adjacent to the site of mandibulotomy or mandibulectomy in a cohort of patients suffering from head and neck cancers.Methods:Fourteen patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy or paramedian mandibulotomy for oral, oropharynx or major salivary gland cancer and a total of 23 teeth were included in this case series. Twelve patients underwent adjuvant head and neck radiotherapy. Cold sensitivity pulp testing and/or electric pulp testing were performed on teeth at the margin of mandibulectomy and on teeth adjacent to mandibulotomy after surgery. A “positive” response was considered the healthy state, and “negative” was considered the diseased state of the tooth.Results:The 10 patients who underwent mandibulotomy had 12 teeth with a negative response. The 4 patients treated by mandibulectomy had two positive and three negative responses to cold and electric pulp tests. Fifteen out of 23 teeth (65.2%) showed a negative response to sensitivity testing.Conclusions:Tooth necrosis seems to be a common event after mandibulectomy and mandibulotomy.Clinical Relevance:To avoid post-surgery complications, performing root canal therapy before surgery on the teeth adjacent to the surgical site could be an appropriate strategy.