bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective and objectives measures of frailty among adults with advanced chronic kidney disease: a cross‐sectional analysis of clinician misclassification
Authors: Kennard Alice , Rainsford Suzanne , Hamilton Kelly , Glasgow Nicholas , Pumpa Kate , Douglas Angela , Talaulikar Girish 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a recognisable clinical measure of impaired physiological reserve and vulnerability to adverse outcomes that is validated among patients with kidney disease. Practice patterns reveal inconsistent use of objective frailty measures by nephrologists, with clinicians prioritising subjective clinical impressions, possibly risking misclassification and discrimination.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine correlations between subjective and objective measures of frailty in a cohort of patients attending routine nephrologist review.MethodsEighty‐nine participants attending scheduled review with their primary treating nephrologist (n = 6) were included in cross‐sectional analysis. Measured frailty based on Fried phenotype and subjective clinician impression were assessed for congruence using Pearson's correlation analysis and ĸ statistic. Ordinal logistic regression examined patient demographics associated with perceived frailty. Misclassification was explored using descriptive statistics and contingency table analysis.ResultsFrailty and prefrailty were prevalent by both objective and subjective means of assessment with minimal correlation between clinician impression and measured Fried phenotype (r = 0.50, P = 0.00, ĸ = 0.25, P =&amp;#x02009;0.00). Subjective clinician impression misclassified half of participants, influenced by surrogate frailty measures including female sex, comorbidity and reliance on a walking aid. Clinicians were equally likely to over‐classify prefrailty as to under‐recognise established frailty, with no evidence of systemic misclassification bias. Subjective clinican impression of frailty had a positive predictive value of 19.1% and a negative predictive value of 56.2%.ConclusionsNephrologists' reliance on subjective clinical impressions that overlook or misclassify prefrailty offers incomplete prognostic assessment and potentially misses opportunities for early intervention.
Simultaneous Blockade of CD209 and CD209L by Monoclonal Antibody Does Not Provide Sufficient Protection Against Multiple Viral Infections In Vivo
Authors: Du Yanyun , Gao Jiawang , He Mengjiao , Yi Ming , Wu Jiaqi , Feng Lingyun , Zeng Bo , Li Yangyang , He Ruirui , Wang Yuan , Qin Cheng‐Feng , Cui Zongqiang , Wang Chenhui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMany virus species, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, SARS‐CoV‐2, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), exploit CD209 and CD209L as alternative or attachment receptors for viral cis‐ or trans‐infection. Thus, CD209 and CD209L may be critical targets for the development of therapeutic monoclonal blocking antibody drugs to disrupt the infection process caused by multiple viruses. Here, we produced a human chimeric monoclonal blocking antibody that simultaneously blocks CD209 and CD209L, namely 7‐H7‐B1. We show that 7‐H7‐B1 effectively blocks multiple pseudotyped or live viral infections in vitro, including SARS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, ZIKV and DENV infections. However, the 7‐H7‐B1 mAb does not provide favourable protection against Zaire Ebola virus or ZIKV infection in hCD209 knock‐in mice in vivo. Thus, our findings indicate that although CD209 and CD209L are critical for multiple viral infections in vitro, they may play only a partial role in viral infections in vivo.
Asymmetric structuring of ceramic composite via co‐electrospun sodium cobaltite and calcium cobaltite nanoribbons
Authors: Kruppa Katharina , Maor Itzhak I. , Steinbach Frank , Stobitzer Dorothea , Shter Gennady E. , Mann‐Lahav Meirav , Grader Gideon S. , Feldhoff Armin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn asymmetrically structured sodium cobaltite–calcium cobaltite ceramic composite with enhanced texture was synthesized using co‐electrospinning of nanoribbons and rapid thermal processing (RTP). Long‐term stability tests revealed that embedding the unstable sodium cobaltite in the chemically more stable calcium cobaltite effectively shields it from degradation at high temperatures in air. The composite has overall impressive thermoelectric properties. Measured at 1073 K, the composite showed an electrical conductivity of 183 S cm−1, a Seebeck coefficient of 233 µV K−1, and heat conductivity of 2.2 W m−1 K−1. It features a high power factor of 9.9 µW cm−1 K−2 and a figure‐of‐merit of 0.49, significantly surpassing the thermoelectric performance of sodium cobaltite–calcium cobaltite ceramic composites from previous studies.
Predicting Suitable Areas for Cold‐Water Scleractinian Corals in Southwestern Australian Submarine Canyons
Authors: Di Giovanna F. , Castellan G. , Vitelletti M. L. , Taviani M. , Foglini F. , McCulloch M. T. , Montagna P. , Trotter J. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe exploration of submarine canyons offshore southwestern Australia using remotely operated vehicles (ROV) has documented the occurrence of cold‐water coral (CWC) ecosystems, predominantly along the heads and slopes of the canyons. Representing the first major ROV investigation in this region, information on CWC distribution in this area is still limited. Here we apply a habitat suitability model (HSM) to identify the potential distribution of scleractinian CWC habitats in these submarine canyon systems. We show that the integration of environmental and geomorphological variables allows the HSM to identify key conditions favourable for the occurrence of scleractinian CWC in this region.LocationSouthwestern Australian submarine canyons: Bremer canyon system (BCS), Mount Gabi seamount and Leeuwin Canyon and Perth Canyon.TaxonCold‐water corals in the Order Scleractinia.MethodsHigh‐resolution maximum entropy model (Maxent) was developed using remote sensing variables and geomorphological indices derived from bathymetry. Scleractinian CWC occurrences were obtained from videos acquired by ROV onboard RV Falkor during the Schmidt Ocean Institute cruise FK200126. The model identified portions of the seafloor most suitable for scleractinian CWC habitat in the SW Australian submarine canyons.ResultsModelling predicted over 27.2 km2 of suitable habitat for scleractinian CWC (suitability index > 0.6), representing only ~0.254% of the total surface area of the submarine canyon systems explored. Dissolved oxygen resulted as the most relevant factor, followed by terrain ruggedness, slope and bottom temperature, confirming their importance for CWC distribution. The most suitable locations were in canyon heads, slopes and geomorphological features emerging from the bottom along the continental shelf.Main ConclusionOur integrated approach identified potential scleractinian habitats using a combination of remote sensing and geomorphological data. The high performance of the model suggests that remote sensing data are valuable predictors to estimate scleractinian CWC distribution.The results of our modelling approach not only contribute to increasing the knowledge of the distribution of these ecologically relevant ecosystems in the poorly explored SW Australia submarine canyons but also of the key parameters limiting their distribution. Such information is crucial for establishing and implementing targeted conservation actions and effective natural resource management plans.
Assessment and Evaluation of Consumer Awareness and Self‐Medication Use Practices Towards Over the Counter (OTC) Analgesics. A Cross‐Sectional Study in Abha‐Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khaled Arwa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess and evaluate consumer awareness and common medication use practices towards OTC analgesics, with a focus on the impact of irrational drug use and its implications for public health and safety. This includes identifying gaps in knowledge, evaluating the potential consequences of misuse, and discussing how these findings can inform future educational initiatives and policy development to promote safer medication practices.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, semi‐quantitative survey of 750 Saudi volunteers both males and females aged between 18 and 65 years. A validated self‐administered questionnaire was used among randomly selected volunteers with a history of OTC analgesic use.ResultsA total of 750 questionnaires were administered and the response rate was measured to be 75.6%. More than 50% of the study population used OTC analgesics without a prescription and reported using analgesics as soon as they start experiencing any pain. Paracetamol was found to be the most predominantly used analgesic. The most common indication of OTC analgesic use was reported for headache and toothache whereas irrational use of analgesics in terms of dose, frequency and indication was found to be to the extent of 50%. Primary source of information related to OTC analgesic use was obtained from pharmacy personnel (31.7%), and Patient Insert Leaflets (PIL) (28.7%). Majority of the respondents (64.3%) didn't know the safe maximum dose of Paracetamol, whereas 73.3% used to stop medicine only after experiencing some side effects. 52.4% of the respondents were not aware about the most common side effects, and potential interactions of analgesic medications.ConclusionOur study highlights the menace of self‐medication practices and irrational use of OTC analgesic by the study participants. Immediate remedial measure need to be taken to discourage self‐medication and improve rational use of OTC drugs which can be achieved by focusing on improving the consumers' awareness of self‐medication and the rational use of medications.
Backward swimming in elongated‐bodied abyssal demersal fishes: Synaphobranchidae, Macrouridae, and Ophidiidae
Authors: Priede Imants G. , Jamieson Alan J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe deep‐sea demersal fish fauna is characterized by a prevalence of elongated‐body forms with long tapering tails. Using baited camera landers at depths of 4500–6300 m in the Pacific Ocean, we observed multiple instances of backward swimming using reverse undulation of the slender body in four species: the cutthroat eel Ilyophis robinsae, abyssal grenadier Coryphaenoides yaquinae, and cusk‐eels Bassozetus sp. and Barathrites iris. Backward swimming was used as an escape or repositioning maneuver, reversing for up to seven tail beats before resuming forward swimming in a new direction. The eel I. robinsae reversed with a swimming wave frequency of 0.51–0.95 Hz, wavelength 0.6–0.75 of the body length (L), and large amplitude movements of the head from side to side. C. yaquinae reversed relatively slowly at 0.21–0.52 Hz and wavelength 0.5–0.7 L aided by propulsive movements of the pectoral fins and minimal lateral movement of the head. The ophidiids also used reversed propulsive body waves augmented by paddling with the pectoral fins but with some lateral movement of the head. Pectoral‐fin movements in all species were in synchrony with the body movements. The elongated‐body form enables backward swimming by reversal of the anguilliform propulsive wave and has the advantage that the fish automatically returns to safety along the path recently traveled. This maneuverability conferred by an elongated body may be a significant factor in selection for body shape in deep‐sea fishes.
Eco‐Friendly Membrane Technology: Unlocking Antibacterial Potential of Biowaste Materials Against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Lee Hannah Yuna , Abujamous Abeer , Baxley Catherine , Kim Chyer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNumerous studies have investigated the use of natural compounds for antibacterial applications. This study evaluated biowaste materials such as morro seed, moringa seed, strawberry seed, and citrus peel albedo for their antibacterial potential. The materials were subjected to hot water or acidic treatments, followed by extraction using membrane technology, and then tested against four major foodborne pathogens: Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Citrus peel albedo extract demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, effective at concentrations as low as 0.032 mg/mL across all bacterial strains. Moringa seed extract showed selective activity against Gram‐positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 2500 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 5000 mg/mL. However, extracts from morro and strawberry seeds showed no antibacterial activity even at concentrations as high as 200,000 mg/mL. This research underscores the promise of biowaste materials as viable antibacterial agents, contributing to food safety and public health, while also promoting environmental sustainability through eco‐friendly membrane technology in place of conventional solvent extraction methods.
Management of Accidental Paraquat Ingestion in a Child
Authors: Horsley Emily , Chandler Claire , Wainwright Claire , Sashak Rishanghan Laura , Cree Michele Louise , Humphreys Michael , Rampersad Neeta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo report on the management of a toddler who had accidental ingestion of an unknown amount of paraquat, with treatment including continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), steroids and antifibrinolytics at a tertiary‐level health system.MethodsA 16‐month‐old child weighing 10 kg accidentally ingested an unknown amount of Gramoxone containing paraquat. The child was transferred to a tertiary centre Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) where she was electively intubated and commenced on CRRT at 7 hours and 15 minutes post‐ingestion. She was also treated with activated charcoal, methylprednisolone, N‐acetylcysteine infusion and pirfenidone. Paraquat blood and urine samples were monitored throughout her PICU admission.ResultsThe child did not exhibit respiratory distress or significant hypoxia during the admission. She developed ulceration of the lips, mouth and tongue on day 2 which improved after 48 hours. Feed intolerance and pneumatosis intestinalis were managed conservatively. Interstitial changes were noted on chest x‐ray on day 3 and pirfenidone was initiated to minimise the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. The child was discharged from PICU to the general ward for further observation. At follow‐up, there has been no evidence of pulmonary fibrosis up to 6 months post‐discharge.ConclusionsThis case highlights the toxicity of Paraquat and importance of early management and urgent transfer of paraquat poisoning cases to specialised medical centres. Prompt interventions including activated charcoal, N‐acetylcysteine, CRRT and pirfenidone can improve patient prognosis and reduce the risk of long‐term complications such as pulmonary fibrosis in paediatric paraquat toxicity.
Evolution of clogging of porous asphalt concrete in the seepage process through integration of computer tomography, computational fluid dynamics, and discrete element method
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Yunpeng , Wei Dingbang , Yao Tengfei , Hu Yongping , Dou Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe longevity of porous asphalt pavement is inevitably compromised by the clogging of voids by various particles, leading to a degradation in its drainage function. Numerical simulations with real pore structures were used to investigate the clogging behavior of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) to clearly and intuitively understand its void clogging process. In this study, a three‐dimensional model of the real void was created by computed tomography scanning. The change before and after void clogging of PAC was characterized by seepage pressure and seepage velocity in the seepage field. The computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method coupling method was used to visually describe the dynamic evolution of clogging particles in porous asphalt voids. Findings reveal that the most influential particle size for clogging in PAC‐13 with 18% and 20% porosity ranged between 0.15 and 0.6 mm. In contrast, for PAC‐13 with 25% porosity, the sensitive size was 0.3–1.18 mm. When clogging occurred, large particles predominantly obstructed the void inlets, prompting a refinement in the void structure. Subsequent particles either traversed the void, accumulating at the entrances of finer voids, or filled up progressively, leading to eventual clogging. Small particles either exited directly through the voids or accumulated in the bends of the voids, making the voids clogged directly. Consequently, the clogging behavior of porous asphalt was classified into three types: surface‐filling clogging, void refining filter clogging, and void bending or semi‐connecting clogging. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing PAC design and developing conservation strategies.
An Affective‐Sexual Education Program for People With Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: Analysis of Its Effectiveness in the Spanish Context
Authors: Estruch‐García Verónica , Gil‐Llario María Dolores , Fernández‐García Olga , Ballester‐Arnal Rafael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAffective‐sexual education is essential for all people, regardless of their intellectual capacity. However, people with intellectual disabilities, and especially those with conceptual, social, and practical limitations, may face additional challenges. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the Saludiversex‐M affective‐sexual education program for people with moderate intellectual disabilities using a controlled trial design.MethodologyA total of 99 Spanish participants with moderate intellectual disabilities completed a battery of instruments before and after the intervention. Overall, 30 support staff professionals hetero‐evaluated participants before and after the program.ResultsMultilevel analyses showed that knowledge about sexuality significantly increased among those who received the intervention compared to those who did not. Support staff observed an increase in knowledge about sexuality and reported decreased concern about uninhibited behaviors among those who participated in the program.DiscussionThe Saludiversex‐M program is effective in improving knowledge about sexuality, which is essential for promoting behavioral change. The program is a pioneering and effective educational strategy for sexual health promotion for people with moderate intellectual disabilities and empowers support staff working with these populations.
Does Pollution Control Foster Innovation? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence From China's Two‐Control Zone Policy
Authors: Cieply Isea , Wang Feicheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the impact of environmental regulation on firms' innovation by analyzing the two‐control zone (TCZ) policy in China. This policy imposed stricter sulfur dioxide emission requirements on firms in regulated cities. Leveraging its uneven implementation across regions, we compare the innovative development of firms in cities subject to stricter environmental regulations with those that were not. Using a comprehensive dataset of firm patent applications between 1995 and 2007, we find that firms in regulated regions increased their patent applications following the introduction of the TCZ policy compared to those in unregulated regions, suggesting an innovation‐enhancing impact of stricter environmental policies. Channel analysis reveals that this positive impact was associated with firms' innovation capabilities through human capital and R&D investments, government support, financial resources, and market selection favoring innovative firms. We also find stronger effects among firms in low‐emission industries and cities with stringent policy enforcement. These findings align with the weak variant of the Porter Hypothesis that predicts a positive effect of environmental regulation on innovation.
Economic Sanctions and Export Margins
Authors: Bista Rishav , Sheridan Brandon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs global integration has increased over time, so too has the use of economic sanctions as a policy tool. Sanctions have the potential to affect trade flows regardless of other intended objectives. We use a gravity model framework and the updated Global Sanctions Data Base to characterize the heterogeneous response of exports to various types of sanctions. Specifically, we use disaggregated product‐level trade flows for 247 countries over the period 1962–2019 and focus primarily on exporter and importer sanctions. We extend the literature by showing that, when looking separately at the extensive and intensive margins of trade, complete sanctions have the strongest impact on the extensive margin, while partial sanctions matter most for the intensive margin. We also explore whether the effects of sanctions are anticipated and/or persist over time, and we find some evidence of both effects. We further add to the existing literature by using quantile regression in a panel data context with fixed effects to allow for heterogeneity in the impact of sanctions on trade margins. We find that complete sanctions disproportionately reduce exports for countries with low initial export volume, while partial sanctions are more likely to reduce exports in countries with high initial export volume.
Identification Is the Opposite of Alienation
Authors: McGrath Austin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIdentification with and alienation from an attitude appear to be necessarily related, that is, they are not independent phenomena—they exclude one another. This suggests a conceptual relation between them. A simple explanation of their incompatibility is that one is present just when and because the other is not—one is the negation of the other: An attitude is alien just when and because it's not identified‐with, or the other way around. But their incompatibility needn't be explained in this way. Circles and dogs seem to exclude each other, but a circle isn't merely not a dog, rather they are merely different. Similarly, tall and short seem to exclude each other, but these are not merely negations of each other, rather they oppose each other—they are opposites. In this paper, I'll argue that, if we take a certain view of attitudes wherein the attitudes constituting identification and alienation toward the same attitude cannot be had at the same time, then the relation between alienation and identification that most plausibly secures their mutual exclusivity is that of a certain kind of opposition wherein those beings that can identify with and be alienated from attitudes have attitudes they stand in neither relation to.