bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of fully closed‐loop insulin delivery for inpatients with diabetes: Real‐world outcomes
Authors: Boughton Charlotte K. , Hartnell Sara , Hobday Nicola , Lake Andrea , Davenport Katy , Daly Aideen , Ward Candice , Taylor Caroline , Hovorka Roman , Bansiya Vishakha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsFully closed‐loop insulin delivery has been shown in clinical trials to be safe and improve glucose control compared with standard insulin therapy in the inpatient setting. We investigated the feasibility of implementing the approved CamAPS HX fully closed‐loop system in a hospital setting.MethodsThis implementation project was conducted in a large teaching hospital in Cambridge, UK. Healthcare professional training was multimodal including face‐to‐face workshops, online learning modules and supported by standard operating procedures. Set‐up and maintenance of closed‐loop devices were undertaken by the inpatient diabetes team. Selection of suitable patients was multidisciplinary and prioritised those with more challenging diabetes management. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic health records and diabetes data management platforms.ResultsIn the 12 months since the closed‐loop system was implemented, 32 inpatients (mean ± SD age 61 ± 16 years, 8 females, 24 males) used closed‐loop insulin delivery during their admission, across medical and surgical wards in the hospital with a total of 555 days of closed‐loop glucose control (median [IQR]: 14 [6, 22] days per inpatient).The time spent in target glucose range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L was 53.3 ± 18.3%. Mean glucose was 10.7 ± 1.9 mmol/L with 46.0 ± 18.2% of time spent with glucose >10.0 mmol/L. Time spent with sensor glucose below 3.9 mmol/L was low (median [IQR]: 0.38 [0.00, 0.85]). There were no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis during closed‐loop use.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that the fully closed‐loop system can be safely and effectively implemented by a diabetes outreach team in complex medical and surgical inpatients with challenging glycaemic control.
Cranial cartilages: Players in the evolution of the cranium during evolution of the chordates in general and of the vertebrates in particular
Authors: Onai Takayuki , Aramaki Toshihiro , Takai Akira , Kakiguchi Kisa , Yonemura Shigenobu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present contribution is chiefly a review, augmented by some new results on amphioxus and lamprey anatomy, that draws on paleontological and developmental data to suggest a scenario for cranial cartilage evolution in the phylum chordata. Consideration is given to the cartilage‐related tissues of invertebrate chordates (amphioxus and some fossil groups like vetulicolians) as well as in the two major divisions of the subphylum Vertebrata (namely, agnathans, and gnathostomes). In the invertebrate chordates, which can be considered plausible proxy ancestors of the vertebrates, only a viscerocranium is present, whereas a neurocranium is absent. For this situation, we examine how cartilage‐related tissues of this head region prefigure the cellular cartilage types in the vertebrates. We then focus on the vertebrate neurocranium, where cyclostomes evidently lack neural‐crest derived trabecular cartilage (although this point needs to be established more firmly). In the more complex gnathostome, several neural‐crest derived cartilage types are present: namely, the trabecular cartilages of the prechordal region and the parachordal cartilage the chordal region. In sum, we present an evolutionary framework for cranial cartilage evolution in chordates and suggest aspects of the subject that should profit from additional study.
MULTIMOORA‐based MCDM model for sustainable ranking of wastewater treatment technologies under picture fuzzy environment
Authors: Priyanka  , Kumar Sunil , Kalia Susheel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to provide the best vision for ranking wastewater treatment technologies using a MULTIMOORA‐based MCDM model to build a more effective technique for future generations. Nanotechnology, photocatalytic technology, automated variable filtration (AVF) technology, and membrane filtration are the technologies explored in this article. Social, monetary, and ecological elements like cost, energy utilization, water quality, capacity, environmental effect, and technical factors were considered as boundaries to extricate best from the different wastewater treatment procedures. Each technique undertook evaluation and comparison, then ranked according to the proposed MCDM model from most to least preferred. The suggested Picture fuzzy MCDM model shows that AVF (0.4081) is the most adapted technology for wastewater treatment, followed by nanotechnology (0.2657), photocatalytic technology (0.1748), and membrane filtration (−0.0962). The results of all three models (MULTIMOORA, TOPSIS, and COPRAS MCDM) showed that the AVF technology is highly effective, although other technologies are also operative.
Resilient self‐efficacy and transformative growth of poor single mothers and their children: Higher education
Authors: Geiger Brenda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor single mothers in Israel are stigmatized in public discourse as lazy and relying on the taxpayers' money yet are seldom given the opportunity to access higher education to achieve economic independence.ObjectivesThis work sought to find (a) the sources of empowerment and resilient self‐efficacy motivating poor single mothers to pursue a degree and (b) examine the transformative growth of mothers and children in the process of acquiring knowledge.Participants and settingsTwelve poor single mothers enrolled in the Katzir antipoverty program who were about to graduate.MethodsIn‐depth private interviews and content analysis examined the similarities among these women's experiences.ResultsMotivations to pursue a bachelor's degree included mothers' desire to prove to themselves that they could complete a degree and secure a better future for their children. Although initially overwhelmed, they developed resilient self‐efficacy as they passed their exams and surmounted financial and other crises related to their children's health and lack of childcare. Relationships with their children had improved, and by sharing their progress and achievements with their children, they had become a proud team, motivating each other to achieve.ConclusionGiven the centrality of children well‐being in mothers' motivation to study and complete a degree, children's needs for subsidized daycare and after‐school programs cannot be ignored.ImplicationsTwo‐generation programs that assist mothers to pursue a degree while providing daycare and after‐school programs for children must be implemented to offer fair opportunities for poor single mothers in Israel to complete a bachelor's degree.
Fatigue of short carbon fiber reinforced PEEK under compression: Influence of the load ratio and predictions from heat buildup measurements
Authors: Kwiatkowski Vanessa , Le Saux Matthieu , Le Saux Vincent , Leclercq Sylvain , Marco Yann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFew works investigate the fatigue of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics under cyclic compression. Furthermore, the heat buildup approach to quickly predict the fatigue lifetime of these materials has not yet been investigated for compression–compression loadings. This paper first describes an experimental protocol to perform well‐controlled cyclic compression tests without anti‐buckling device that may induced bias. The uniaxiality of the global loading is checked during the test based on kinematic and thermoelastic coupling field measurements. Then, the paper compares the results from fatigue and heat buildup tests performed on polyetheretherketone reinforced with 30 wt% of short carbon fibers for several load ratios. It is shown that the fatigue lifetime is higher in compression than in tension and depends on the compression load ratio. The heat buildup approach appears to be relevant to quickly predict the fatigue lifetime of the material for the different loading ratios studied, including compression–compression.
Response of macrophyte litter decomposition in global blue carbon ecosystems to climate change
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoguang , Kristensen Erik , Zimmer Martin , Thornber Carol , Yang Zhifeng , Lee Shing Yip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBlue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) are important nature‐based solutions for climate change‐mitigation. However, current debates question the reliability and contribution of BCEs under future climatic‐scenarios. The answer to this question depends on ecosystem processes driving carbon‐sequestration and ‐storage, such as primary production and decomposition, and their future rates. We performed a global meta‐analysis on litter decomposition rate constants (k) in BCEs and predicted changes in carbon release from 309 studies. The relationships between k and climatic factors were examined by extracting remote‐sensing data on air temperature, sea‐surface temperature, and precipitation aligning to the decomposition time of each experiment. We constructed global numerical models of litter decomposition to forecast k and carbon release under different scenarios. The current k averages at 27 ± 3 × 10−2 day−1 for macroalgae were higher than for seagrasses (1.7 ± 0.2 × 10−2 day−1), mangroves (1.6 ± 0.1 × 10−2 day−1) and tidal marshes (5.9 ± 0.5 × 10−3 day−1). Macrophyte k increased with both air temperature and precipitation in intertidal BCEs and with sea surface temperature for subtidal seagrasses. Above a temperature threshold for vascular plant litter at ~25°C and ~20°C for macroalgae, k drastically increased with increasing temperature. However, the direct effect of high temperatures on k are obscured by other factors in field experiments compared with laboratory experiments. We defined “fundamental” and “realized” temperature response to explain this effect. Based on relationships for realized temperature response, we predict that proportions of decomposed litter will increase by 0.9%–5% and 4.7%–28.8% by 2100 under low‐ (2°C) and high‐warming conditions (4°C) compared to 2020, respectively. Net litter carbon sinks in BCEs will increase due to higher increase in litter C production than in decomposition by 2100 compared to 2020 under RCP 8.5. We highlight that BCEs will play an increasingly important role in future climate change‐mitigation. Our findings can be leveraged for blue carbon accounting under future climate change scenarios.
Environmental gradualism explains variation in pollination systems of columnar cacti: Phylogenetic and trait evolution analyses
Authors: Freilij Damian , Larrea‐Alcazar Daniel , Lopez Ramiro Pablo , Velarde Simonini Fernando , Naoki Kazuya , Bessega Cecilia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe geographical dichotomy hypothesis (GDH) states several flowering plant groups have specialized pollination systems in tropical areas where resources are more reliable and pollinator communities tend to be more stable, than in extratropical areas. Our main goal was to understand the scope of the GDH and/or gradual environmental variation considering the evolutionary history of the pollination traits.LocationNeotropical tropics and adjacent extratropics.Major taxa studiedColumnar cacti.MethodsUsing a database composed of ~54 columnar cacti species (31.7% of the global columnar cactus species), four complex traits were analysed: pollination syndromes, reproductive systems, type of anthesis, and duration of anthesis. We conducted generalized linear models (GLMs), phylogenetic regressions, evolutionary trait optimization, and multivariate models with 19 bioclimatic variables and potential evapotranspiration.ResultsWeak phylogenetic signal was detected for all traits, giving consistent results between GLMs and phylogenetic regression analysis. The pollination syndrome and duration of anthesis varied with latitude, in contrast to the reproductive system and the type of anthesis. In the Southern Hemisphere, the pollinators were more diverse and the duration of anthesis was longer. Different evolutionary paths between hemispheres were detected and optimization showed a complex pattern in the evolution of traits, suggesting high homoplasy with multiple transformations by convergence and/or parallelism. The environmental models showed thermic seasonality may be at the core of the latitudinal variation of the pollination system.Main conclusionsWe did not detect a geographical dichotomy in pollination systems of the cacti, but rather a gradual change in different pollination attributes. Therefore, instead of a GDH, we propose an environmental gradient hypothesis (EGH). Environmental variables may be explaining the variation detected in pollination system traits by conditioning floral properties (morphology, phenology), diversity and distribution of pollinators, and/or coevolution occurrence. The complexity implied in these traits is consistent with high homoplasy levels and a differential evolutionary history between the hemispheres.
ACAGT‐007a, an anti‐cancer compound that modulates ERK MAPK signaling, induces nuclear enrichment of phosphorylated ERK in T3M4 pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Khandakar Golam Iftakhar , Miyamoto Yoichi , Satoh Ryosuke , Kishimoto Kenta , Xie Mingzuo , Shih Mengyu , Takasaki Teruaki , Tanabe Genzoh , Oka Masahiro , Sugiura Reiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe extracellular‐signal‐regulated‐kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is essential for cell proliferation and is frequently deregulated in human tumors such as pancreatic cancers. ACAGT‐007a (GT‐7), an anti‐cancer compound, stimulates ERK phosphorylation, thereby inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in T3M4 pancreatic cancer cells. However, how GT‐7 stimulates ERK phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in ERK‐active T3M4 cells remains unclear. To look into the mechanism, we performed a spatiotemporal analysis of ERK phosphorylation mediated by GT‐7 in T3M4 cells. The immunoblotting showed that GT‐7 stimulates ERK phosphorylation within 1 h, which was more remarkable after 2 h. Importantly, apoptosis induction as evaluated by the cleaved Caspase‐3 was observed only after 2‐h incubation with GT‐7. The immunofluorescence staining revealed the enrichment of phosphorylated ERK (phospho‐ERK) in the nucleus upon 1‐h incubation with GT‐7. Fractionation experiments showed that GT‐7 increases phospho‐ERK levels in the cytoplasm within 1 h, whereas nuclear phospho‐ERK accumulation is observed after 2‐h incubation with GT‐7. MEK inhibition by U0126 significantly diminishes nuclear phospho‐ERK distribution and apoptosis induction stimulated by GT‐7. Thus, GT‐7 may initiate the induction of ERK phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, which leads to phospho‐ERK enrichment in the nucleus. This nuclear phospho‐ERK accumulation by GT‐7 precedes and may underlie apoptosis induction in T3M4.
Factors influencing self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure: Grit as a behavioural support factor
Authors: Song Hyun Jin , Kim Hye Young , Park Sookkyoung , Lee Sun Hwa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to examine the relationship between heart failure knowledge, self‐efficacy, social support, grit and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure and to identify factors associated with patients' self‐care behaviour.BackgroundMost patients with heart failure are not as active in implementing self‐care behavioural practices as recommended by the guidelines.DesignThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was designed based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.MethodsThis study included 138 patients who were diagnosed with heart failure in an outpatient department of cardiology at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected between July and October 2020 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program.ResultsGrit had the strongest association with self‐care behaviour among patients with heart failure, followed by social support, self‐efficacy and heart failure knowledge. These variables accounted for approximately 52% of the variance in self‐care behaviour.ConclusionsHealth‐care professionals should assess patients' grit and develop patient‐tailored grit enhancement programmes. Based on the social cognitive theory, nursing intervention programmes that can simultaneously manage cognitive (knowledge and self‐efficacy), social and environmental (social support) and behavioural support (grit) factors should be developed and applied to nursing practices to promote self‐care.
Children's activity and diet behaviours in the summer holidays versus school year
Authors: Watson Amanda , Maher Carol , Golley Rebecca , Dumuid Dot , Manson Alexandra , Tomkinson Grant , Fraysse Francois , Olds Tim 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundEvidence shows children gain more weight during the summer holidays versus the school year.ObjectivesTo examine within‐child differences in activity and diet behaviours during the summer holidays versus the school year.MethodsChildren (mean age 9.4 years; 37% male) wore accelerometers (GENEActiv; n = 133), reported activities (Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents; n = 133) and parents reported child diet (n = 133) at five timepoints over 2 years capturing school and summer holiday values. Mixed‐effects models were used to compare school and summer holiday behaviours.ResultsChildren spent less time in moderate‐ to vigorous‐physical activity (−12 min/day; p = 0.001) and sleep (−12 min/day; p < 0.001) and more time sedentary (+27 min/day; p < 0.001) during summer holidays versus the school year. Screentime (+70 min/day; p < 0.001), domestic/social activities (+43 min/day; p = <0.001), self‐care (+24 min/day; p < 0.001), passive transport (+22 min/day; p = 0.001) and quiet time (+16 min/day; p = 0.012) were higher during the summer holidays, compensating for less time in school‐related activities (−164 min/day; p < 0.001). Diet quality was lower (−4 points; p < 0.001) and children consumed fewer serves of fruit (−0.4 serves; p < 0.001) during the summer holidays versus the school year.ConclusionsChildren are displaying poorer activity and diet behaviours during the summer holidays, which may contribute to accelerated weight gain over the holiday period.
A review of policies and coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination programs in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Attia Rania , Abubakar Abdinasir , Bresee Joseph , Mere Osama , Khan Wasiq 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there has been an effective seasonal influenza vaccine available for more than 60 years, influenza continues to circulate and cause illness. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is very diverse in health systems capacities, capabilities, and efficiencies, which affect the performance of services, especially vaccination, including seasonal influenza vaccination.AimsThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview on country‐specific influenza vaccination policies, vaccine delivery, and coverage in EMR.Materials and MethodsWe have analyzed data from a regional seasonal influenza survey conducted in 2022, Joint Reporting Form (JRF), and verified their validity by the focal points. We also compared our results with those of the regional seasonal influenza survey conducted in 2016.ResultsFourteen countries (64%) had reported having a national seasonal influenza vaccine policy. About (44%) countries recommended influenza vaccine for all SAGE recommended target groups. Up to 69% of countries reported that COVID‐19 had an impact on influenza vaccine supply in the country, with most of them (82%) reporting increases in procurement due to COVID‐19.DiscussionThe situation of seasonal influenza vaccination in EMR is varied, with some countries having well established programs while others having no policy or program; these variances may be due to resources inequity, political, and socioeconomic dissimilarities. Few countries have reported wide vaccination coverage over time with no clear trend of improvement.ConclusionWe suggest supporting countries to develop a roadmap for influenza vaccine uptake and utilization, assessment of barriers, and burden of influenza, including measuring the economic burden to enhance vaccine acceptance.
The Western and Chinese exercise training for blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Tsoi Kelvin , Lam Amy , Tran Joshua , Hao Ziyu , Yiu Karen , Chia Yook‐Chin , Turana Yuda , Siddique Saulat , Zhang Yuqing , Cheng Hao‐Min , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypertension remains the world's leading cause of premature death. Interventions such as exercise, diet modification, and pharmacological therapy remain the mainstay of hypertension treatment. Numerous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses demonstrated the effectiveness of western exercises, such as aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. There is recently emerging evidence of blood pressure reduction with Chinese exercises, such as Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qigong. The current overview of systematic reviews aims to evaluate the quality and descriptively summarize the evidence for the effectiveness of western and Chinese exercises for hypertension management. Thirty‐nine systematic reviews were included in this overview, with 15 of those being on Chinese exercise. Evidence suggests that exercise training, regardless of Western or Chinese exercise, generally reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. High‐intensity intermittent training did not further reduce blood pressure when compared to moderate‐intensity continuous training. Conflicting results on the effectiveness of blood pressure reduction when comparing Chinese and Western exercise training were observed. This suggests the comparable effectiveness of Chinese exercise training, in particularly Tai Chi, to general or aerobic exercise training in terms of blood pressure reduction. The Chinese exercise modality and intensity may be more suitable for the middle‐aged and elderly population.