bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing individual placement and support in Norway. From vocational rehabilitation to an employment scheme
Authors: Moe Cathrine , Brinchmann Beate , Borg Marit , McDaid David , Rinaldi Miles , Killackey Eóin , Mykletun Arnstein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe explore the implementation and development of individual placement and support (IPS) in Norway. IPS is an evidence‐based practice for supporting people experiencing mental illness to obtain and maintain competitive employment. Implementation of IPS into routine practice has been challenged by different paradigms in vocational rehabilitation, health and welfare policies. Data were mainly collected through individual and joint interviews of IPS experts and key stakeholders involved in the implementation of IPS. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were derived from the analysis, representing different phases in the implementation process: (1) seeking a way to meet unmet need in work and mental health practice, (2) gathering knowledge and national evidence, and (3) embedding IPS into routine practice. The study demonstrates how health and welfare policy gradually developed IPS from vocational rehabilitation to a mainstreamed welfare employment scheme. This development may secure the future of IPS in Norway. However, the implications for practice in the longer term are unknown. Our study provides insight into how implementation of an evidence‐based practice both influences and is influenced by national policymaking.
An intolerable burden: Racist territoriality in theUnited StatesSupreme Court's Insular Cases
Authors: Harden Meagan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Insular Cases are a set of early twentieth‐century US Supreme Court cases establishing the legal relationship between the United States and its territorial acquisitions. The Insular Cases have received limited scholarly attention in geography, despite their integral role in continuing to deny full constitutional protections to over 3.5 million American citizens and nationals. Informed by conceptualisations of territory as both process and political technology, political geography offers a critical lens through which to interpret the spatial implications of the Insular Cases. This article conducts a discourse analysis of the Insular Cases, tracing the US Supreme Court's creation of incorporated and unincorporated territorial statuses as they are positioned within contemporaneous racist logic and international norms. I argue that, by inventing differentiated categories of territory, the Insular Cases sought to spatially accommodate white supremacist imaginaries. This paper advances political geography by centring the judicial production of American territorial categories, and adds a geographic perspective to existing literature that interrogates the white supremacist, imperialist source of territorial status today.
Innovative Reflections on the Visual Language of Batik in the Bouyei Ethnic Group of Guizhou, China
Authors: Liu Yang-Yi , Shaari Nazlina , Ali Noor Azizi Mohd , Perumal Velu 
Published: December 2022

Intangible cultural heritage should not only be inherited and protected but also developed and innovated. Only in this way can traditional cultural heritage keep pace with the times and fully demonstrate its value and significance, and the Guizhou Bouyei batik is no exception. Batik is one of China's ancient folk traditional printing and dyeing processes. It is a common dyeing process and an intangible cultural heritage of ancient China. The art of batik is a time-tested craft. The technique of batik has more than one hundred years, during which it has become more and more complicated and improved. Guizhou is known as the birthplace of batik. Batik is an important symbol of Guizhou that can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. Guizhou Province is the main population center of the Bouyei ethnic group in China. The visual language is the overall display of the artistic design effect, and the Guizhou Bouyei batik has artistic attributes. Through the innovation of batik materials, technical methods, forms of expression and inheritance, the innovation of visual language will eventually lead to the formation of a new look of batik of Bouyei Nationality in Guizhou.
Character Speech Individualization in Charles Dickens’s Novels
Authors: Panchenko Olena , Zirka Vira , Klymenko Tetiana , Plakhtii Anastasiia , Suima Iryna 
Published: December 2022

The relevance of this investigation is explained by several reasons: first, the individual character of speech is one of the evidences of Charles Dickens’s geniality and it is of importance for any person writing to analyze some techniques of the genius doing it; second, the analysis of these “speeches” can help understand peculiarities of various styles and genres separately and in interaction; third, everything related to Ch. Dickens is still popular among the readers, so these examples can be of use for teaching and learning English. There are three primary aims of the present paper: to extend coverage of linguistic studies to areas of literary peculiarities; to highlight gaps in the existing literature and promising directions for future research of Charles Dickens’s language; to establish a theory-driven approach to investigating literature language by introducing a new model as a framework for this paper. Authors applied such general research methods as data collection, study of the works in allied fields on the problem of the research, analysis and synthesis of the ideas studied. The theoretical basis of the investigation integrated the main principles of linguistics, stylistics and literature studies. Ch. Dickens is incomparable in linguistic individualization, in creating a personage idiolect, a private language. According to calculations all these characters are minor, about 3 quarters of the are female and about 60% are negatively marked. The main linguistic levels involved in this process are in descending order phonological (graphemic in written form), lexical, syntactic and stylistic.
11 The epidemiology of infections as a risk factor for psychiatric illness
Authors: Eriksen Benros Michael 
Published: December 2022

Michael Eriksen Benros, M.D., Ph.D. is professor and Head of Research at Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. He received a two year grant from GLA for his study: Nationwide Cohort Studies Examining Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Behavior after Lyme disease.AbstractThe immune system is linked to an increasing number of medical diseases, including lately also severe mental disorders. Utilizing the nationwide registers and biobanks in Denmark we have consistently displayed that infections and autoimmune diseases increases the risk of developing severe mental disorders in a dose-response relationship, where the risk of severe mental disorders particularly increases with the amount of infections exposed to. It is a broad range of infections and autoimmune diseases that are associated with an increased risk of severe mental disorders, with the more severe infections increasing the risk the most and the risk of severe mental disorders is particularly increased with the temporal proximity to the infection. Furthermore, we have shown a small immunogenetic contribution with moderate correlation between the genetic signals for the susceptibility for infections and mental disorders. Moreover, at diagnosis there are elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood and studies on the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain have shown some evidence for elevated immune markers in the brain and signs of disrupted blood-brain barrier in some of the patients, making them more vulnerable to potential detrimental effects of immune components. Interestingly, our meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials have shown that anti-inflammatory treatment seems to be effective for depression and depressive symptoms and to some extent also for psychotic disorders. However, studies identifying subgroups that would be most likely to respond to immune modulating add-on treatment are still warranted to pave the field forward.
16 Aberrant emotional memory encoding in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with intrusive memories
Authors: Smith Alicia J , Bisby James A , Dercon Quentin , Bevan Anna , Dalgleish Tim , Hitchcock Caitlin , Nord Camilla 
Published: December 2022

Emotion can affect the way in which experiences are stored in our memory. The dual representation account proposes that traumatic events may be encoded as fragmented sensory-perceptual details without a broader conceptual organisation. This can result in involuntary retrieval of perceptual information triggered by environmental cues without the associated context – a phenomenon referred to as intrusive memories.Currently, it is unknown whether individuals who experience intrusive memories have an underlying vulnerability to aberrant memory encoding, which may lead to the onset or maintenance of symptoms.In Experiment 1, we examined memory recall for neutral and negative images in a transdiagnostic sample of patients with intrusive memories (N= 36), compared to healthy controls (N= 44). Clinical diagnoses in the patient sample included Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders. We excluded participants currently taking psychotropic medication. At encoding, participants viewed neutral, negative and mixed valence image pairs. In the test phase, participants were presented with cues and, if recognised, were asked to recall the associated image. We found a significant group effect, with patients demonstrating impaired item memory for negative images [F(1,280) = 4.435, p = 0.036], relative to healthy controls. This group difference might suggest that individuals with intrusive memories experienced greater sensitivity to negative stimuli, leading to disruptions in memory encoding. Recent work highlights attention maintenance on threat and high levels of threat-related emotional arousal in anxiety- and fear-related disorders which may be one factor driving the disruption to item memory observed in our clinical population.For Experiment 2, in a separate sample of healthy participants (N= 18) we measured eye-tracking behaviour during the encoding phase of the same task. Healthy participants showed greater item memory [F(3, 136 = 2.893, p = 0.0377] and avoidance of fixation [F(1, 110) = 4.898, p = 0.029] on highly arousing, negative stimuli relative to neutral. This might suggest that a shift in attention away from negative stimuli prevents item memory impairments for emotional information.Our future work will identify biological factors driving attentional biases and higher emotional arousal in clinical populations.
20 A survey exploring patients’ and healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards placebo treatments
Authors: Huys Anne-Catherine ML , Franklin Hannah D , Bhatia Kailash P , Stone Jon , Edwards Mark J 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesEvaluate patients’ and healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards deceptive and open-label placebo treatments, its perceived effectiveness and current use.MethodsA sixteen-item anonymous survey explored attitudes towards deceptive and open-label placebo treatments in clinical practice, its perceived effectiveness and current use. The following groups completed the survey: 288 people with a neurological condition, 138 people with a functional neurological disorder, 61 people with a medical condition, 59 healthy controls and 112 healthcare professionals, of which 45 neurologists and 20 psychiatrists/psychologists.ResultsThe overall attitude to deceptive placebo treatments was favourable amongst non-professionals (69% in favour). The healthcare professionals were more conservative, with only 48% being in favour. However, a considerable number strongly opposed deceptive placebo: 15% of medical patients, 11% of neurological patients and 22% of patients with a functional neurological disorder. Forty-one percent of functional neurological disorder patients, 46% of patients with presumed organic conditions and 70% of healthy controls believed that a deceptive placebo would improve their own symptoms. Healthcare professionals estimated that deceptive placebo treatments would be effective in 31% of purely organic symptoms and in 55% of purely functional symptoms. Major concerns surrounding deceptive placebo involved undermining trust in the medical profession. There was marked scepticism with regards to open-label placebo in all groups, with the general underlying belief that open-label placebo is fairly ineffective.Two-thirds of healthcare professionals had never used deceptive nor open-label placebo. Those who had used it, had done so rarely and mostly for non-specific or functional symptoms or for diagnostic purposes.ConclusionsDespite a generally perceived high effectiveness of deceptive placebo treatments, its prohibition in the UK seems to be in line with general concerns and some strong opposition. Future studies will show if the negative attitude to open-label placebo is justified or if this ethically viable option deserves more consideration.
26 The end of life: an overview of issues and a project to optimise care in Huntington’s disease patients
Authors: Roberts Kris , Nielsen Fiona , Dale Maria , Kiani Reza 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThis project aims to optimise End of Life (EOL) care at Mill Lodge, a specialist 14-bed neuropsychiatric ward in Leicestershire, UK. The service functions primarily for patients with Huntington’s Disease (HD), a disorder that significantly reduces life expectancy and necessitates inpatient EoL care.After an initial stakeholder meeting, specific aims were identified: to establish the level of staff confidence in dealing with issues around EoL; identify specific areas of EoL care that staff felt could be improved; and to introduce a series of initiatives to optimise EoL care for our patients using a QI framework.MethodsThe first stage of intervention included the planning and delivery of an educational event on EoL care specific to HD, achieved with our regional palliative care colleagues. As well as our inpatient nursing and medical staff and the palliative care teams, local GPs, district nursing colleagues, speech and language therapists and psychologists attended.The meeting allowed an open forum where we were able to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal care from all aspects of the assembled MDT.We also commenced involvement with the local QI team to develop the project.ResultsInitial interactions revealed that staff confidence in dealing with EoL care was low. Issues with care-planning; medications; communication barriers; and when to refer for specialist help were key reasons for this.A range of interventions were commenced to enhance collaborative working between the teams overlapping in EoL care; the streamlining of medication prescription and administration; and to enhance communication between staff, patients and their carers.ConclusionsStaff without specialist knowledge require support. The efforts made to improve collaboration with external colleagues broke down barriers that were preventing optimal care and allowed all parties to express their opinions. This allowed us to transparently appraise our current processes and optimise guidance within this complex area.The journey of optimisation continues, with practical educational interventions planned, such as syringe-driver training, and efforts to improve shared documentation. Collaborative working between different disciplines continues, with, for example, psychology-led reflective debriefing. Liaison with external specialist HD teams is beginning.Optimal, collaborative EoL care from a confident team is possible and a crucial part of care for this unique patient group.
39 Frequency dependent emotion differentiation and directional coupling in amygdala, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex network with intracranial recordings
Authors: Sonkusare Saurabh , Qiong Ding , Zhao Yijie , Liu Wei , Yang Rocky , Mandali Alekhya , Manssuer Luis , Zhang Chencheng , Cao Chunyan , Sun Bomin , Zhan Shikun , Voon Valerie 
Published: December 2022

Objectives/AimsThe amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) form a crucial part of the emotion circuit and their dysfunction is implicated in affective disorders attested by numerous functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) studies. However, the precise nature of emotion induced spectral responses and interactions amongst this circuitry have not been investigated with direct human intracranial recordings which may enable new knowledge for neuromodulation and translational benefits.MethodsWe acquired intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data from a cohort of 35 patients with intractable epilepsy, who underwent an emotional picture viewing task localising 71 contacts in the amygdala, 31 in OFC and 43 in mPFC. We first quantified high frequency activity (30–140 Hz) responses and subsequently assessed the lower frequency spectral dynamics. Finally, we investigated connectivity between these regions, with a hierarchical approach using functional undirected connectivity (coherence), functional direct connectivity (spectral granger causality) and model based-effective connectivity (dynamic causal modelling – DCM).ResultsEmotional stimuli induced high frequency responses in the amygdala, but which were remarkably absent in the OFC and mPFC. All three regions showed valence dependent differences in lower frequencies in theta (amygdala), alpha (OFC) and beta. In particular, beta activity was increased to negative relative to positive stimuli in both the amygdala and OFC with the opposite direction of effect was observed in the mPFC. Functional connectivity analyses showed predominant bi-directional coupling in low frequency (<12 Hz) range. Ultimately, effective connectivity analyses revealed unidirectional connectivity from mPFC to the amygdala and bidirectional communication between OFC-amygdala and OFC-mPFC.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a complex orchestration of emotion induced spectral responses, in the amygdala, OFC and mPFC differentiating valence conditions. We demonstrate for the first time using direct intracranial recordings evidence for a top-down influence of mPFC over the amygdala and bidirectional connectivity between the OFC and the amygdala coupling during emotional processing, thus extending the current account of prefrontal-amygdala interaction. Future work could build on this and explore dynamic modulations and the effects of stimulation between these nodes and circuit with implications for neuromodulation targets for affective pathologies.
40 Temporal discounting and male depression
Authors: Sedlinská Terezie , Brückner Lena , Hübner Magdalena , Rentsch Colin , Falke Dorothea , Mühle Christiane , Suc Jasmina , Weinland Christian , Kornhuber Johannes , Lenz Bernd , Dayan Peter 
Published: December 2022

Male depression is an attempt to extend the definition of depression to address an atypical cluster of symptoms that have been associated with suicide completion in community-dwelling populations. These include externalizing behaviour, avoidance, emotional suppression, irritability, substance misuse, and risk-seeking behaviour. Temporal discounting is a measure of economic impulsivity and a possible transdiagnostic neurocognitive domain that plays an essential role in everyday decision-making. Previous studies have found mixed results relating economic impulsivity to depression. We hypothesized that this divergence could be attributed to the heterogeneity of depression and contrasted temporal discounting between general ICD-10 depression and the specific, and possibly more impulsive male depression.We administered a temporal discounting task to 170 in-ward psychiatric patients and 176 healthy controls (HC). All patients fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria for moderate to severe depression. The patients were separated into a male-depressed group (MD) and a general major depression group (MDD) using median split of the Male Depression Risk Score (MDRS-22). HC had subthreshold scores for depression and had no neuropsychiatric history.We used the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to compare 3 models of delay discounting. All models were based on the hyperbolic discounting model Q(R,D,k)=R/(1+k*D) where R =reward, k=discounting rate, and D=delay, comparing the subjective value of the immediate option Qi=Q(Ri,0,k) against the delayed option Qd=Q(Rd,D,k). Models differed in their treatment of noise in generating the probability piof making the impulsive choice of the immediate option (withσ(z) = 1/(1 + exp(−z))):(1) preference-temperature model (k, β): pi=σ(β(Qi– Qd))(2) preference-uncertainty model (μ, σ): draw log ks~N(μ, σ):if Qi> Q(Rd,D, ks), pi=1; otherwise pi=0(3) trembling-hand model (k, β, lapse):λ = (3/56)* σ(lapse)+1e-4 pi=(1–2λ(σ(β(Qi– Qd))+λThe preference-temperature model yielded the best fit (BIC(1)=3.817, BIC(2)=3.893, BIC(3)=7.001). There was no significant group difference in the model-specific parameters: discount ratekand inverse temperatureβ. There was a correlation between choosing the immediate reward and MDRS-22 (r=0.234, p<0.001), as well as with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (r=0.191, p<0.001), but no significant group differences (ANOVA: F=0.454, p=0.501).We could not find any model-based differences between the three groups. However, model- agnostic results suggested that male depressiveness, but also ICD-10 depressiveness, were associated with more impulsive choices. A noteworthy limitation was a strong correlation between BDI-II and MDRS-22 in our sample.
Simulation of deflection uncertainties on directional reconstructions of muons using PROPOSAL
Authors: Gutjahr Pascal , Alameddine Jean-Marco , Sandrock Alexander , Soedingrekso Jan , Hünnefeld Mirco , Rhode Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLarge scale neutrino detectors and muography rely on the muon direction in the detector to infer the muon’s or parent neutrino’s origin. However, muons accumulate deflections along their propagation path prior to entering the detector, which may need to be accounted for as an additional source of uncertainty. In this paper, the deflection of muons is studied with the simulation tool PROPOSAL, which accounts for multiple scattering and deflection on stochastic interactions. Deflections along individual interactions depend on the muon energy and the interaction type, and can reach up to the order of degrees – even at TeV to PeV energies. The accumulated deflection angle can be parametrized in dependence of the final muon energy, independent of the initial muon energy. The median accumulated deflection of a propagated muon with a final energy of $${500}~{\textrm{GeV}}$$

500

GeV

is $$\theta _{\text {acc}} = {0.10}^\circ $$

θ
acc

=

0.10

∘

with a $${99}\%$$

99
%

central interval of $$[{0.01}^\circ , \,{0.39}^\circ ]$$

[

0.01

∘

,

0.39

∘

]

. This is on the order of magnitude of the directional resolution of present neutrino detectors. Furthermore, comparisons with the simulation tools MUSIC and Geant4 as well as two different muon deflection measurements are performed.