bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of bisphosphonate with bone loss and pain-related behaviour in an adjuvant-induced osteoporosis model
Authors: Mayumi Norihiro , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Miyamura Gaku , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Osteoporosis animal models are used extensively to determine the mechanisms of disease pathology and identify potential biological targets. The study aimed to establish a bone loss model, identify pain-related behaviour in neighbouring joints using an adjuvant-induced osteoporosis model, and examine the therapeutic effect of bisphosphonates.

Methods
Complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into the back of the right foot of 8-week-old female ddY mice. Subsequently, pain, arthritis, and bone density in the right knee were monitored over time.

Results
Pain evaluation using von Frey filaments showed a significantly exacerbated knee pain threshold compared to the control group (saline administration) at 7- and 14-day intervals after complete Freund’s adjuvant administration, and bone density during the same period also significantly declined. The adjuvant-induced osteoporosis model was created similarly; alendronate 40 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected twice and vehicle once from 7 to 14 days after onset. In the alendronate administration group on the 14th day, significant improvements in bone density, arthritis, and pain threshold around the knee were observed compared to the untreated group.

Conclusions
Alendronate may contribute to pain improvement through the simultaneous effects of bone mass improvement and suppression of osteoporotic pain.
Plasma membrane aquaporins regulate root hydraulic conductivity in the model plant Setaria viridis
Authors: Gal Atara , Dalal Ahan , Anfang Moran , Sharma Davinder , Binenbaum Jenia , Muchaki Purity , Kumar Rakesh , Egbaria Aiman , Duarte Karoline Estefani , Kelly Gilor , de Souza Wagner Rodrigo , Sade Nir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The high rate of productivity observed in panicoid crops is in part due to their extensive root system. Recently, green foxtail (Setaria viridis) has emerged as a genetic model system for panicoid grasses. Natural accessions of S. viridis originating from different parts of the world, with differential leaf physiological behavior, have been identified. This work focused on understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms controlling root hydraulic conductivity and root-to-shoot gas exchange signaling in S. viridis. We identified 2 accessions, SHA and ZHA, with contrasting behavior at the leaf, root, and whole-plant levels. Our results indicated a role for root aquaporin (AQP) plasma membrane (PM) intrinsic proteins in the differential behavior of SHA and ZHA. Moreover, a different root hydraulic response to low levels of abscisic acid between SHA and ZHA was observed, which was associated with root AQPs. Using cell imaging, biochemical, and reverse genetic approaches, we identified PM intrinsic protein 1;6 (PIP1;6) as a possible PIP1 candidate that regulates radial root hydraulics and root-to-shoot signaling of gas exchange in S. viridis. In heterologous systems, PIP1;6 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and upon interaction with PIP2s, relocalization to the PM was observed. PIP1;6 was predominantly expressed at the root endodermis. Generation of knockout PIP1;6 plants (KO-PIP1;6) in S. viridis showed altered root hydraulic conductivity, altered gas exchange, and alteration of root transcriptional patterns. Our results indicate that PIPs are essential in regulating whole-plant water homeostasis in S. viridis. We conclude that root hydraulic conductivity and gas exchange are positively associated and are regulated by AQPs.
Comparison of Joint Mobilization and Movement Pattern Training for Patients With Hip-Related Groin Pain: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Harris-Hayes Marcie , Zorn Patricia , Steger-May Karen , Burgess Megan M , DeMargel Rebecca D , Kuebler Suzanne , Clohisy John , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of completing a randomized clinical trial (RCT) and examine the preliminary effects of 2 interventions for hip-related groin pain (HRGP).

Methods
In this pilot RCT, patients with HRGP, who were 18 to 40 years old, were randomized (1:1 ratio) to a joint mobilization (JtMob) group or a movement pattern training (MoveTrain) group. Both treatments included 10 supervised sessions and a home exercise program. The goal of JtMob was to reduce pain and improve mobility through peripherally and centrally mediated pain mechanisms. The key element was physical therapist-provided JtMob. The goal of MoveTrain was to reduce hip joint stresses by optimizing the biomechanics of patient-specific tasks. The key element was task-specific instruction to correct abnormal movement patterns displayed during tasks. Primary outcomes were related to future trial feasibility. The primary effectiveness outcome was the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Examiners were blinded to group; patients and treatment providers were not. Data collected at baseline and immediately after treatment were analyzed with analysis of covariance using a generalized linear model in which change was the dependent variable and baseline was the covariate. The study was modified due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Results
The COVID-19 pandemic affected participation; 127 patients were screened, 33 were randomized (18 to the JtMob group and 15 to the MoveTrain group), and 29 (88%) provided posttreatment data. Treatment session adherence was 85%, and home exercise program component adherence ranged from 71 to 86%. Both groups demonstrated significant mean within-group improvements of ≥5 points on Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scales. There were no between-group differences in effectiveness outcomes.

Conclusions
A large RCT to assess the effects of JtMob and MoveTrain for patients with HRGP may be feasible. Preliminary findings suggested that JtMob or MoveTrain may result in improvements in patient-reported pain and activity limitations.

Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with participation, but a randomized controlled trial may be feasible. Modification may be needed if the trial is completed during future pandemics.
Reliability, Measurement Error, Responsiveness, and Minimal Important Change of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale 2.0 for Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain
Authors: Thoomes Erik , Cleland Joshua A , Falla Deborah , Bier Jasper , de Graaf Marloes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess functional limitations. Recently, the PSFS 2.0 was proposed; this instrument includes an inverse numeric rating scale and an additional list of activities that patients can choose. The aim of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability, measurement error, responsiveness, and minimal important change of the PSFS 2.0 when used by patients with nonspecific neck pain.

Methods
Patients with nonspecific neck pain completed a numeric rating scale, the PSFS 2.0, and the Neck Disability Index at baseline and again after 12 weeks. The Global Perceived Effect (GPE) was also collected at 12 weeks and used as an anchor. Test–retest measurement was assessed by completion of a second PSFS 2.0 after 1 week. Measurement error was calculated using a Bland–Altman plot. The receiver operating characteristic method with the anchor (GPE) functions as the reference standard was used for calculating the minimal important change.

Results
One hundred patients were included, with 5 lost at follow-up. No floor and ceiling effects were reported. In the test–retest analysis, the mean difference was 0.15 (4.70 at first test and 4.50 at second test). The ICC (mixed models) was 0.95, indicating high agreement (95% CI = 0.92–0.97). For measurement error, the upper and lower limits of agreement were 0.95 and −1.25 points, respectively, with a smallest detectable change of 1.10. The minimal important change was determined to be 2.67 points. The PSFS 2.0 showed satisfactory responsiveness, with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70–0.93). There were substantial to high correlations between the change scores of the PSFS 2.0 and the Neck Disability Index and GPE (0.60 and 0.52, respectively; P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The PSFS 2.0 is a reliable and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for use by patients with neck pain.
Associating Multimodal Neuroimaging Abnormalities With the Transcriptome and Neurotransmitter Signatures in Schizophrenia
Authors: Luo Yuling , Dong Debo , Huang Huan , Zhou Jingyu , Zuo Xiaojun , Hu Jian , He Hui , Jiang Sisi , Duan Mingjun , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Schizophrenia is a multidimensional disease. This study proposes a new research framework that combines multimodal meta-analysis and genetic/molecular architecture to solve the consistency in neuroimaging biomarkers of schizophrenia and whether these link to molecular genetics.

Study Design
We systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, and BrainMap for the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) or fractional ALFF, regional homogeneity, regional cerebral blood flow, and voxel-based morphometry analysis studies investigating schizophrenia. The pooled-modality, single-modality, and illness duration-dependent meta-analyses were performed using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm. Subsequently, Spearman correlation and partial least squares regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between identified reliable convergent patterns of multimodality and neurotransmitter/transcriptome, using prior molecular imaging and brain-wide gene expression.

Study Results
In total, 203 experiments comprising 10 613 patients and 10 461 healthy controls were included. Multimodal meta-analysis showed that brain regions of significant convergence in schizophrenia were mainly distributed in the frontotemporal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus, striatum, and hippocampus. Interestingly, the analyses of illness-duration subgroups identified aberrant functional and structural evolutionary patterns: Lines from the striatum to the cortical core networks to extensive cortical and subcortical regions. Subsequently, we found that these robust multimodal neuroimaging abnormalities were associated with multiple neurobiological abnormalities, such as dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic systems.

Conclusions
This work links transcriptome/neurotransmitters with reliable structural and functional signatures of brain abnormalities underlying disease effects in schizophrenia, which provides novel insight into the understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology and targeted treatments.
Longitudinal MicroRNA Signature of Conversion to Psychosis
Authors: Iftimovici Anton , He Qin , Jiao Chuan , Duchesnay Edouard , Krebs Marie-Odile , Kebir Oussama , Chaumette Boris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The emergence of psychosis in ultra-high-risk subjects (UHR) is influenced by gene-environment interactions that rely on epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs. However, whether they can be relevant pathophysiological biomarkers of psychosis’ onset remains unknown.

Study Design
We present a longitudinal study of microRNA expression, measured in plasma by high-throughput sequencing at baseline and follow-up, in a prospective cohort of 81 UHR, 35 of whom developed psychosis at follow-up (converters). We combined supervised machine learning and differential graph analysis to assess the relative weighted contribution of each microRNA variation to the difference in outcome and identify outcome-specific networks. We then applied univariate models to the resulting microRNA variations common to both strategies, to interpret them as a function of demographic and clinical covariates.

Study Results
We identified 207 microRNA variations that significantly contributed to the classification. The differential network analysis found 276 network-specific correlations of microRNA variations. The combination of both strategies identified 25 microRNAs, whose gene targets were overrepresented in cognition and schizophrenia genome-wide association studies findings. Interpretable univariate models further supported the relevance of miR-150-5p and miR-3191-5p variations in psychosis onset, independent of age, sex, cannabis use, and medication.

Conclusions
In this first longitudinal study of microRNA variation during conversion to psychosis, we combined 2 methodologically independent data-driven strategies to identify a dynamic epigenetic signature of the emergence of psychosis that is pathophysiologically relevant.
Medical and Psychiatric Care Preceding the First Psychotic Disorder Diagnosis
Authors: Benson Nicole M , Yang Zhiyou , Fung Vicki , Normand Sharon-Lise , Keshavan Matcheri S , Öngür Dost , Hsu John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Individuals with psychotic symptoms experience substantial morbidity and have shortened life expectancies; early treatment may mitigate the worst effects. Understanding care preceding a first psychotic disorder diagnosis is critical to inform early detection and intervention.

Study Design
In this observational cohort study using comprehensive information from the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database, we identified the first psychotic disorder diagnosis in 2016, excluding those with historical psychotic disorder diagnoses in the prior 48 months among those continuous enrollment data. We reviewed visits, medications, and hospitalizations 2012–2016. We used logistic regression to examine characteristics associated with pre-diagnosis antipsychotic use.

Study Results
There were 2505 individuals aged 15–35 years (146 per 100 000 similarly aged individuals in the database) with a new psychotic disorder diagnosis in 2016. Most (97%) had at least one outpatient visit in the preceding 48 months; 89% had a prior mental health diagnosis unrelated to psychosis (eg, anxiety [60%], depression [60%]). Many received psychotropic medications (77%), including antipsychotic medications (46%), and 68% had a visit for injury or trauma during the preceding 48 months. Characteristics associated with filling an antipsychotic medication before the psychotic disorder diagnosis included male sex and Medicaid insurance at psychosis diagnosis.

Conclusions
In this insured population of Massachusetts residents with a new psychotic disorder diagnosis, nearly all had some healthcare utilization, visits for injury or trauma were common, and nearly half filled an antipsychotic medication in the preceding 48 months. These patterns of care could represent either pre-disease signals, delays, or both in receiving a formal diagnosis.
Methodological Characteristics and Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies in Psychosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bell Imogen H , Eisner Emily , Allan Stephanie , Cartner Sharla , Torous John , Bucci Sandra , Thomas Neil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves completing multiple surveys over time in daily life, capturing in-the-moment experiences in real-world contexts. EMA use in psychosis studies has surged over several decades. To critically examine EMA use in psychosis research and assist future researchers in designing new EMA studies, this systematic review aimed to summarize the methodological approaches used for positive symptoms in psychosis populations and evaluate feasibility with a focus on completion rates.

Methods
A systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Embase databases using search terms related to EMA and psychosis was conducted. Excluding duplicate samples, a meta-analysis was conducted of EMA survey completion rates and meta-regression to examine predictors of completion.

Results
Sixty-eight studies were included in the review. Characteristics and reporting of EMA methodologies were variable across studies. The meta-mean EMA survey completion computed from the 39 unique studies that reported a mean completion rate was 67.15% (95% CI = 62.3, 71.9), with an average of 86.25% of the sample meeting a one-third EMA completion criterion. No significant predictors of completion were found in the meta-regression. A variety of EMA items were used to measure psychotic experiences, of which few were validated.

Conclusions
EMA methods have been widely applied in psychosis studies using a range of protocols. Completion rates are high, providing clear evidence of feasibility in psychosis populations. Recommendations for reporting in future studies are provided.
Making space for CRISPR: scientists’ translation work to make gene editing a legitimate technology
Authors: Svingen Marit , Jahren Lisbeth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on scientists working with CRISPR in Norway, where genetic modification is thought to be a particularly stigmatized technology with strict regulation and a strong consumer skepticism. Drawing on actor–network theory, we investigate the translation work these scientists perform to mobilize CRISPR as a more legitimate technology and how they relate to society’s perception of GMO. We find that the scientists make co-productions of CRISPR as a ‘more controllable’ and ‘socially useful’ technology and show how they attempt to mobilize industry, farmers, media, politicians, and youth by (1) distinguishing CRISPR from GMO, (2) assuring the consumers of CRISPR’s safety, and (3) creating trust through openness about the risks. We conclude that the scientists’ efforts are twofold; they work on solving societal challenges, as well as making continuous efforts to manage their relationship to society. An important part of this work was seen as providing knowledge and creating ‘new understandings’ about CRISPR; however, if research should take place in conversation with society’s views and opinions, we suggest that the scientists should enter into a two-way dialog with the consumers about these definitions.
Distrust in grant peer review—reasons and remedies
Authors: Langfeldt Liv , Reymert Ingvild , Svartefoss Silje Marie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the increasing reliance on competitive grants to fund research, we see a review system under pressure. While peer review has long been perceived as the cornerstone of self-governance in science, researchers have expressed distrust in the peer review procedures of funding agencies. This paper draws on literature pointing out ability, benevolence, and integrity as important for trustworthiness and explores the conditions under which researchers have confidence in grant review. Based on rich survey material, we find that researchers trust grant reviewers far less than they trust journal peer reviewers or their colleagues’ ability to assess their research. Yet, scholars who have success with grant proposals or serve on grant review panels appear to have more trust in grant reviewers. We conclude that transparency and reviewers with field competencies are crucial for trust in grant review and discuss how this can be ensured.
Is There Job Polarization in Developing Economies? A Review and Outlook
Authors: Martins-Neto Antonio , Mathew Nanditha , Mohnen Pierre , Treibich Tania 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the evidence of job polarization—the relative decline of mid-wage jobs—in developing and emerging economies. We carry out an extensive literature review, revealing that job polarization in these countries is only incipient compared to advanced economies. We then examine the possible moderating aspects explaining this lack of job polarization. We distinguish three groups of explanations: Limited technology adoption; structural change; and changes in the global value chains. Finally, we suggest new microeconomic data and empirical analyses that should be developed in order to guide evidence-based policy-making addressing those issues in developing and emerging economies.
Lack of Musashi‐2 induces type IIa fiber‐dominated muscle atrophy
Authors: Furuichi Yasuro , Furutani Ayana , Tamura Kotaro , Manabe Yasuko , Fujii Nobuharu L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, adapting its structure and metabolism in response to diverse conditions such as contractile activity, nutrients, and diseases. Finding a novel master regulator of muscle mass and quality will provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of muscle weakness. Musashi is an RNA‐binding protein that dynamically regulates protein expression; it was originally discovered as a cell fate determination factor in neural cells. Here, we report that Musashi‐2 (Msi2) is dominantly expressed in slow‐type muscle fibers, fibers characterized by high metabolism and endurance. Msi2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited a decrease in both soleus myofiber size and number compared to control mice. Biochemical and histological analyses revealed that type IIa fibers, which are of the fast type but have high metabolic capacity, were decreased in Msi2 KO mice. The contraction force of isolated soleus muscle was lower in KO mice, and the expression of the metabolic proteins, cytochrome c oxidase and myoglobin, was also decreased in KO muscle. Our data demonstrate the critical role of Msi2 in the maintenance of normal fiber‐type composition and metabolism.