bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Reference Letters: Evidence from the Economics Job Market
Authors: Eberhardt Markus , Facchini Giovanni , Rueda Valeria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcademia, and economics in particular, faces increased scrutiny because of gender imbalance. This paper studies the job market for entry-level faculty positions. We employ machine learning methods to analyse gendered patterns in the text of 12,000 reference letters written in support of over 3,700 candidates. Using both supervised and unsupervised techniques, we document widespread differences in the attributes emphasised. Women are systematically more likely to be described using ‘grindstone’ terms and at times less likely to be praised for their ability. Using information on initial placement, we highlight the implications of these gendered descriptors for the quality of academic placement.
Additive genetic and environmental variation interact to shape the dynamics of seasonal migration in a wild bird population
Authors: Acker Paul , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah , Burthe Sarah J , Newell Mark A , Harris Michael P , Swann Robert L , Gunn Carrie , Morley Tim I , Reid Jane M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dissecting joint micro-evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental perturbations requires quantifying interacting components of genetic and environmental variation underlying expression of key traits. This ambition is particularly challenging for phenotypically discrete traits where multiscale decompositions are required to reveal nonlinear transformations of underlying genetic and environmental variation into phenotypic variation, and when effects must be estimated from incomplete field observations. We devised a joint multistate capture–recapture and quantitative genetic animal model, and fitted this model to full-annual-cycle resighting data from partially-migratory European shags (${Gulosus~{}aristotelis}$) to estimate key components of genetic, environmental and phenotypic variance in the ecologically critical discrete trait of seasonal migration versus residence. We demonstrate non-negligible additive genetic variance in latent liability for migration, resulting in detectable micro-evolutionary responses following two episodes of strong survival selection. Further, liability-scale additive genetic effects interacted with substantial permanent individual and temporary environmental effects to generate complex nonadditive effects on expressed phenotypes, causing substantial intrinsic gene-by-environment interaction variance on the phenotypic scale. Our analyses therefore reveal how temporal dynamics of partial seasonal migration arise from combinations of instantaneous micro-evolution and within-individual phenotypic consistency, and highlight how intrinsic phenotypic plasticity could expose genetic variation underlying discrete traits to complex forms of selection.
Phase 2 Results Indicate Evenamide, A Selective Modulator of Glutamate Release, Is Associated With Clinically Important Long-Term Efficacy When Added to an Antipsychotic in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Anand Ravi , Turolla Alessio , Chinellato Giovanni , Roy Arjun , Hartman Richard D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Results from a pilot, 6-week, randomized, open-label, rater-blinded study, with 46-week extension, indicate very good tolerability with exceptional, clinically important, increasing efficacy of evenamide (7.5, 15, and 30 mg bid), a glutamate modulator, as add-on treatment to antipsychotics in 161 treatment-resistant, schizophrenia patients. Ninety-five percent of patients completed 6 weeks (1 discontinued for adverse event), and 89% continued in the extension. Results from the first 100 patients enrolled showed very low attrition over 1 year (77 completers); data pooled from all dose groups showed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score improved significantly (P &lt; .001; paired t test; last observation carried forward [LOCF]) from baseline at 6 weeks (−9.4), 6 months (−12.7), and 1 year (−14.7); similarly, the proportion of responders (≥20% improvement) increased over time from 6 weeks (16.5%) to 6 months (39%) to 1 year (47.4%). Noteworthy improvement was also observed at each timepoint on the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale and Clinical Global Impression of Change, indicating progressively increasing efficacy of evenamide up to 1 year.
A fusion-based approach to deep-learning and edge-cutting algorithms for identification and color recognition of traffic lights
Authors: Xu Yunqian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The detection and color recognition of traffic lights should be the foundation for the capture of illegal driving practices. However, it may be difficult to recognize lights of different colors in intricate and unpredictable surroundings. This study implements a traffic light detection and recognition scheme that can be used for intelligent traffic. First, the images obtained from the speed camera should be pre-segmented. Then the traffic lights with colors are detected by the YOLOv5 model trained based on the image-enhancement dataset. Next, the candidate boxes of traffic lights are edge detected and clipped out of multiple lamp panels in missing video frames. Finally, the color of the candidate boxes will be determined by the lamp panel with the greatest number of bright pixels. This finding shows that the fusion-based approach performs better than a single-based algorithm for identification and color recognition of traffic lights under varying illumination and weather circumstances.
Uncovering hidden trends: identifying time trajectories in risk factors documented in clinical notes and predicting hospitalizations and emergency department visits during home health care
Authors: Song Jiyoun , Min Se Hee , Chae Sena , Bowles Kathryn H , McDonald Margaret V , Hobensack Mollie , Barrón Yolanda , Sridharan Sridevi , Davoudi Anahita , Oh Sungho , Evans Lauren , Topaz Maxim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to identify temporal risk factor patterns documented in home health care (HHC) clinical notes and examine their association with hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits.

Materials and Methods
Data for 73 350 episodes of care from one large HHC organization were analyzed using dynamic time warping and hierarchical clustering analysis to identify the temporal patterns of risk factors documented in clinical notes. The Omaha System nursing terminology represented risk factors. First, clinical characteristics were compared between clusters. Next, multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between clusters and risk for hospitalizations or ED visits. Omaha System domains corresponding to risk factors were analyzed and described in each cluster.

Results
Six temporal clusters emerged, showing different patterns in how risk factors were documented over time. Patients with a steep increase in documented risk factors over time had a 3 times higher likelihood of hospitalization or ED visit than patients with no documented risk factors. Most risk factors belonged to the physiological domain, and only a few were in the environmental domain.

Discussion
An analysis of risk factor trajectories reflects a patient’s evolving health status during a HHC episode. Using standardized nursing terminology, this study provided new insights into the complex temporal dynamics of HHC, which may lead to improved patient outcomes through better treatment and management plans.

Conclusion
Incorporating temporal patterns in documented risk factors and their clusters into early warning systems may activate interventions to prevent hospitalizations or ED visits in HHC.
A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ramelteon for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly cancer patients: a study protocol for JORTC-PON2/J-SUPPORT2103/NCCH2103
Authors: Sadahiro Ryoichi , Hatta Kotaro , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Masanori Enokido , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Ogawa Asao , Iwata Yusei , Tokoro Akihiro , Nakahara Rika , Hirayama Takatoshi , Yanai Yuko , Ogawa Yuko , Kayano Ayako , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Oyamada Shunsuke , Uchitomi Yosuke , Akechi Tatsuo , Yamamoto Noboru , Okita Natsuko , Yorikane Eiko , Shimada Kazuaki , Furukawa Tetsuya , Hashimoto Hironobu , Maeda Makoto , Sato Tetsufumi , Sekimoto Asuko , Sasaki Chiyuki , Saito Eiko , Uezono Yasuhito , Matsuoka Hiromichi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Postoperative delirium is an important issue in cancer patients, affecting surgical outcomes and the quality of life. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist with high affinity for MT1 and MT2 receptors. Clinical trials and observational studies in Japan, including in surgical cancer patients, have shown efficacy of ramelteon in delirium prevention, with no serious safety concerns. However, clinical trials from the USA have reported conflicting results. A Japanese phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of ramelteon for delirium prevention following gastrectomy in patients aged ≥75 years, with findings suggesting the feasibility of a phase III trial. The aim of this multi-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral ramelteon for postoperative delirium prevention in cancer patients aged ≥65 years as advanced medical care. The trial protocol is described here.
Relative efficacy of high-pressure versus backpack sprayer applications of 2 natural product-based acaricides for control of host-seekingIxodes ScapularisandAmblyomma americanumnymphs
Authors: Schulze Terry L , Jordan Robert A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the relative effectiveness of the natural product acaricide Essentria IC3 and the entomopathogenic fungal acaricide BotaniGard ES to suppress host-seeking Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs when applied with low-pressure backpack and high-pressure sprayers. Essentria IC3 applied by backpack sprayer out-performed high-pressure applications, while the opposite was true for treatments with BotaniGard ES. We were unable to demonstrate consistently greater efficacy using high-pressure applications, and neither of the acaricides or application methods provided substantial (&gt;90%) levels of control at 7 days postapplication.
Developing methods for chilling, compacting, and sterilizing adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and comparing mating competitiveness between males sterilized as adults versus pupae for sterile male release
Authors: Tussey Dylan A , Morreale Rachel , Carvalho Danilo O , Stenhouse Steven , Lloyd Aaron M , Hoel David F , Hahn Daniel A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L., can transmit several pathogens responsible for human diseases. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option being explored. However, logistical issues in mass production and sterilization make it difficult to maintain a SIT program. Male mosquitoes are typically irradiated as pupae because this is the earliest developmental point at which females can be separated from males, but asynchrony in pupation and high variability in pupal responses to irradiation based on pupal age make it difficult to sterilize mass quantities of pupae on a regular schedule in a rearing facility. Young adult mosquitoes have wider windows for irradiation sterilization than pupae, which can allow facilities to have fixed schedules for irradiation. We produced a workflow for adult Ae. aegypti irradiation in a mosquito control district with an operational SIT program that currently irradiates pupae. The impacts of chilling, compaction, and radiation dose on survival were all assessed before combining them into a complete adult irradiation protocol. Males chilled up to 16 h prior to compaction and compacted to 100 males/cm3 during radiation resulted in low mortality. Males irradiated as adults had increased longevity and similar sterility compared to males irradiated as pupae. Additionally, males sterilized as adults were more sexually competitive than males sterilized as pupae. Thus, we have shown that irradiating adult males can be a viable option to increase the efficiency of this operational mosquito SIT program.
Traumatic rupture of anterolateral papillary muscle in a patient with congenital deficiency of left hemi-pericardium: case report
Authors: Adomako K A , Tamatey M N , Offei-Larbi G , Sereboe L A K , Okyere I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Congenital absence or deficiency of the pericardium or hemi-pericardium is uncommon. When it happens, the protection given to the heart is greatly reduced, and blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest is transmitted directly to the heart. Valvular injuries from these traumas are however rare with a case of tricuspid valve rupture reported. Traumatic papillary muscle rupture in all patients group is also rare. Co-existing rupture of papillary muscle in patients with congenital absence of the pericardium is extremely rare. We report the rare case of a patient with deficient left hemi-pericardium who had a traumatic rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle from a road traffic accident.
Successful use of single-port laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cyst removal during pregnancy: a case series of three cases
Authors: Misawa Akihiko , Okubo Miki Muto , Nagae Seika , Yokomizo Ryo , Aoki Hiroaki , Takanashi Hiroko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pregnant patients have an increased risk of torsion compared to that seen in nonpregnant patients, and those with larger cysts undergo torsion more frequently, which can cause obstructions during labor. The risks associated with emergent surgery are higher than those with elective surgery. Laparoscopic surgery can be safely performed during pregnancy. Single-port laparoscopic surgery is reported to be a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique. We report three cases of ovarian dermoid cysts, which were successfully removed during pregnancy through elective single-port laparoscopic surgery. In all cases, imaging showed a dermoid cyst and the cyst size was greater than 6 cm. All patients requested the surgery. The ovarian cysts were successfully removed by single-port laparoscopy without additional ports and without intra- or postoperative complications. All pregnancies progressed well and delivered vaginally at full term. The single-port laparoscopic approach is useful for removing ovarian cysts during pregnancy.
Use of an open partial laryngectomy technique for a massive laryngeal leiomyosarcoma in a 40-year-old man with functional preservation postoperatively
Authors: Allen David Z , Cao Emily M , Cruz Gabriela , Kain Joshua J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Laryngeal cancers are one of the most common head and neck malignancies and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Although they most commonly originate from squamous cell carcinoma, there are multiple different pathologies that can arise. We present a patient with an atypical presentation of a glottic mass for which final pathology revealed a leiomyosarcoma (LMS). We report the first case in the English literature of a large bulky LMS that was removed entirely through a partial vertical laryngectomy and pharyngectomy, with maintained swallow and speech function postoperatively.
La Théorie du Concept des Normes ISO à l’Ere Numérique
Authors: Roche Christophe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many ΙΤ applications rely on the operationalisation of terminologies, such as multilingual semantic search engines. By operationalisation of terminology, we mean a computational representation of the conceptual system as an ontology of knowledge engineering. This conceptual approach of terminology is close to the ISO principles on terminology as defined by the core standards ISO 1087:2019 and ISO 704:2022. The question then is to study what contribution these standards can make to the construction of ontologies for terminological purposes. In other words, are the terminology principles of ISO soluble in the ontology of knowledge engineering? In this article, we will attempt to provide some answers on the feasibility of implementing ISO principles in description logic, the dominant model in knowledge representation. We will illustrate our proposition with Protégé, the most popular environment for building ontologies. Facing the issues raised by this approach, the article will end with the ontoterminology building environment Tedi directly linked to the ISO principles.
Machine versus corpus-based translation of multiword terms
Authors: Cabezas-García Melania , León-Araúz Pilar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Machine translation (MT) post-editing is an increasingly common practice in the translation industry which is also slowly being applied in the development of terminological resources. However, more studies have been devoted to analyze the practice in a translation scenario than in a terminographic context. Consequently, term-oriented post-editing guidelines are a current need if terminographers are also to become post-editors. With a view to enhancing the multilingual representation of environmental multiword terms (MWTs) in terminological resources, we analyze English–Spanish MWT translation in various generic MT systems. Our aims are: (1) to evaluate MT output in order to check whether it can be of any help to terminographers’ work; (2) to develop an error typology in order to raise terminographers’ awareness; and (3) to use the error typology to sketch a series of basic pre-editing and post-editing rules in a terminographic scenario. A comparison of MT output with the equivalents found in a comparable corpus is also presented. Even though MT often presents errors or unidiomatic choices, it can still serve as a basis for human post-editing, and provided that post-editors are familiarized with the potential errors. Comparable corpora, on the other hand, offer better results, but searches are more time-consuming and equivalents are not always available.
Newly arrived migrants meet street-level bureaucrats in Jordan, Sweden, and Turkey: Client perceptions of satisfaction–dissatisfaction and response strategies
Authors: Schierenbeck Isabell , Spehar Andrea , Naseef Tareq 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article examines how newly arrived Syrian refugees experience and navigate their encounters with street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) in three urban settings: Adana, Turkey; Gothenburg, Sweden; and Irbid, Jordan. The encounters took place in the context of local government institutions responsible for assisting refugees upon their arrival in the host society. The broader question examined is how refugees respond when experiencing dissatisfaction with their encounters with SLBs in the receiving country. In our analysis, we draw upon the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect model suggesting different patterns of response to dissatisfaction with public services. We also deploy an additional, understudied response type, Gaming. The degree of satisfaction–dissatisfaction experienced by Syrian refugees and the kind of response strategies they resorted to as a consequence of that experience varied notably from country to country. Syrian refugees in Gothenburg and Adana felt more dissatisfied with and frustrated by their encounters with SLBs than their compatriots in Irbid. The responses of the refugees in Adana were mostly of the Exit and Neglect type. In Gothenburg, on the other hand, interviewees primarily resorted to Neglect and Voice responses, while in Irbid Gaming, Exit, and Loyalty were the most common response strategies opted for to express and act upon one’s dissatisfaction.
Prehistoric Numeracy
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two approaches to prehistoric numeracy are analyzed and compared. The first approach uses traditional archaeological methods and criteria to examine and characterize marks on prehistoric artifacts for the purpose of assessing whether they were notations. The second approach uses a theoretical framework in which cognition is extended—meaning that material forms are considered to be an implicit component of the cognitive system—in order to understand the role of counting devices in numerical cognition. Each approach answers different questions. The traditional approach is concerned with understanding the intent and meaning of artifactual marks, while the extended approach focuses on the role of material forms in numerical emergence and elaboration. Both approaches highlight ongoing issues in investigating prehistoric numeracy, which might benefit from a combined and expanded methodology.
Investigating Cognitive Abilities of Early Humans
Authors: Botha Rudolf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is generally agreed that there is no direct evidence about the cognitive abilities, linguistic and non-linguistic, of early humans. There is an approach, though, that has been used to fruitfully investigate the linguistic abilities of these humans. Known as the “Windows Approach,” it proceeds from the assumption that inferences about early forms of human language, including their origin and evolution, can be drawn from other phenomena about which there is direct evidence. These other phenomena are taken to be or provide windows on such forms of language. The central idea expounded in the present chapter is that the conceptual constructs of the Windows Approach can be used to investigate non-linguistic abilities of early humans as well. The chapter does this in three steps: first, by setting out in general terms what a window of the kind concerned is; second, by illustrating the use of core concepts, distinctions and principles of the Windows Approach to make and appraise inferences about linguistic abilities of Neandertals; third, by showing how some of these conceptual constructs have been used in accounts of non-linguistic abilities of early humans. The focus here is on work that draws inferences about cognitive abilities of these humans from hafted spears, and from traps and snares used for capturing smaller animals.
Time and Clay
Authors: March Paul L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is fourfold. First, it introduces an artistic mode of enquiry to a cognitive archaeology readership. Called clayful phenomenology, the method depends upon the sense-making potential of material change. Unlike the outcome of scientific research, the ideas created by a clayful phenomenological investigation are not expressed in words or numbers but become manifest through the morphosis and metamorphosis of clay. Meanings that are made with a clayful attitude lack the clarity of logical or semantic statements; their sense derived from connections that are metaphorical, allegorical, and mythical. Method and meaning are non-coherent. Second, the chapter gives the theoretical framework for clayful phenomenology, principally provided by Material Engagement Theory, with additional support from Heidegger’s phenomenological accounts of Dasein. It shows how this ontological backdrop transforms the agent of enquiry from an individual artist to a “transient system of creation,” a temporary assembly made not of whole things but a collection of processes. Third, it shows how an engagement with Project Holocene changed the contemporary signification of a specific prehistoric artifactual type, a Jōmon flame pot. The change was born, not of prior intention, but happened non-coherently, through the confluence of the sort of disparate events that gather as a transient system of creation. Fourth, the chapter describes what time feels like from inside a system of creation. Inside, instead of creative activity happening in time, the creation of temporal experience is part of the activity of the system.