bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of County Socio–Ecological Systems in Nature Reserves in Western China Over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Wang Qinhua , Chen Le , Wang Penglong , Wang Bao , Yang Taibao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe evolution process of socio–ecological systems from 1990 to 2020 in the Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, located in the National Key Ecological Function Area of western China, was analyzed quantitatively based on resilience theory and methodology combined with catastrophe theory and adaptive cycle theory, through field investigation, questionnaires and interviews, social data collection and remote sensing data analysis. The results show that the coordinated development of socio–ecological systems has made great progress in recent decades in the study area, and the coordinated development of social systems and ecosystems has a high degree of coupling and a strong connection. Changes in ecosystem resilience regularly surpassed changes in the social system, indicating the significant impact and success of ecological protection policies and projects in recent decades. In future, improvements in the social sub-system will be the key to developing the socio–ecological system in the study area. Enhancing social sub-system resiliency, implementing transformational development and green industry development, and transforming and realizing ecological product values are important topics for further investigation in the study area. Substantial changes in policy, production, population and climate change are needed to promote the evolution of socio–ecological systems. Stable national policies are crucial for improving people's livelihoods and providing ecological protections.
Broadband polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber
Authors: Saadeldin Ahmed S. , Sayed Amr M. , Amr Adnan M. , Sayed Menna O. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrathin and broadband metamaterial absorber with loaded four lumped resistors is proposed and analyzed. The reported design is based on increasing the absorptivity by reducing the reflection and transmission coefficients simultaneously. Therefore, continuous metallic ground is used to achieve zero transmission while the reflection is reduced by matching the impedance of the proposed metamaterial absorber with the impedance of free space (Z = Z0 or μr = εr). Additionally, electric and magnetic resonances are achieved simultaneously with perfect absorptivity. The finite element method is used to simulate and analyze the reported absorber. The suggested absorber shows higher absorption than 90% over large frequency range (14.35–29.18 GHz) for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Further, the proposed design has high absorption through incident angle variation from 0° to 50°. Therefore, the reported perfect metamaterial absorber has good potential applications in communications, stealth and imaging fields.
Garcinia kola: a critical review on chemistry and pharmacology of an important West African medicinal plant
Authors: Tauchen Jan , Frankova Adela , Manourova Anna , Valterova Irena , Lojka Bohdan , Leuner Olga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGarcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) is a tree indigenous to West and Central Africa. All plant parts, but especially the seeds, are of value in local folklore medicine. Garcinia kola is used in treatment of numerous diseases, including gastric disorders, bronchial diseases, fever, malaria and is used to induce a stimulating and aphrodisiac effect. The plant is now attracting considerable interest as a possible source of pharmaceutically important drugs. Several different classes of compounds such as biflavonoids, benzophenones, benzofurans, benzopyran, vitamin E derivatives, xanthones, and phytosterols, have been isolated from G. kola, of which many appears to be found only in this species, such as garcinianin (found in seeds and roots), kolanone (fruit pulp, seeds, roots), gakolanone (stem bark), garcinoic acid, garcinal (both in seeds), garcifuran A and B, and garcipyran (all in roots). They showed a wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g. analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects), though this has only been confirmed in animal models. Kolaviron is the most studied compound and is perceived by many studies as the active principle of G. kola. However, its research is associated with significant flaws (e.g. too high doses tested, inappropriate positive control). Garcinol has been tested under better conditions and is perhaps showing more promising results and should attract deeper research interest (especially in the area of anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activity). Human clinical trials and mechanism-of-action studies must be carried out to verify whether any of the compounds present in G. kola may be used as a lead in the drug development.
Increasing root biomass derived carbon input to agricultural soils by genotype selection – a review
Authors: Heinemann Henrike , Hirte Juliane , Seidel Felix , Don Axel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsSoil carbon sequestration can play an important role in mitigating climate change. Higher organic C inputs to agricultural soils are needed in order to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Genotype selection and breeding towards increased root biomass may enhance root C inputs to the soil and could therefore be a promising, easy-to-implement management option for potentially increasing C sequestration. However, an increase in root C inputs may compromise yield, which is not desirable in terms of food security.MethodsData from 13 global studies with field experiments were compiled in order to estimate the potential of optimised genotype selection for enhancing root biomass without compromising the yield of winter wheat, spring wheat, silage maize, winter rapeseed and sunflower. A lack of data on the effect of variety on rhizodeposition was identified which thus had to be excluded.ResultsSystematic genotype selection increased mean yields by 52% and mean root biomass by 22% across all crops and sites. A median root C increase of 6.7% for spring wheat, 6.8% for winter rapeseed, 12.2% for silage maize, 21.6% for winter wheat and 26.4% for sunflower would be possible without a yield reduction.ConclusionOverall, this review demonstrates that optimised genotype selection can be a win-win option for increasing root biomass C input to soil while maintaining or even enhancing yield.
Toward an effective approach for on-farm experimentation: lessons learned from a case study of fertilizer application optimization in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Takashi S. T. , Mieno Taro , Tanabe Ryoya , Matsui Tsutomu , Bullock David S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn-farm experimentation (OFE) is increasing worldwide. Appropriate OFE procedures may differ depending on the characteristics and circumstances surrounding farms, such as climate, field conditions, farm size, degree of agricultural digitalization, and a farmer’s socioeconomic background. This study aims to guide the future development of OFE in Japanese grain farming by examining the experimental setup, data analysis, and farmers’ activities within their socioeconomic and institutional communication and learning networks. The results of this typical OFE case study, which estimates a field’s economically-optimal fertilizer variable-rate application map for winter wheat production, are reported. The outcomes of the case study, which are intended to guide the direction of OFE development in Japan, were used as reference materials for a survey taken while interviewing farmers who had never been involved in OFE. Farmers’ answers showed that the economic return of site-specific management depends on farm and field size and exhibits economies of scale. A very high share of the profit increases provided by OFE data came from improvements in field-specific uniform rate management, not from within-field site-specific management. The interviews revealed that farmers open to OFE are more interested in increasing rice crop quality to earn price premiums than in increasing yield. Increased engagement with farmers in conducting OFEs could play a key role not only in generating data to guide farmers’ input management but also in fostering farmer collaboration to develop marketing strategies. This study is the first to propose future orientations of OFE research that target typical moderately-sized Japanese grain farms.
Paying for randomization and indecisiveness
Authors: Ong Qiyan , Qiu Jianying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine preference for randomization, and link it to conflicting preference-led indecisiveness in social settings. In an ultimatum game experiment where receivers may face conflicting preferences between material gains and equity, we allow receivers to assign non-zero probabilities to both acceptance and rejection (the randomized choice) in addition to the standard binary choice of acceptance or rejection. We further elicit receivers’ willingness to pay for using the randomized choice instead of the binary choice. We find that a theoretical model incorporating receivers’ conflicting preferences explains the experimental results well: most receivers randomized actively between acceptance and rejection, and many were willing to pay for randomization. Our results suggest that allowing people to randomize when making choices with conflicting preferences may improve individual welfare.
How much do you trust me? A logico-mathematical analysis of the concept of the intensity of trust
Authors: Loi Michele , Ferrario Andrea , Viganò Eleonora 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrust and monitoring are traditionally antithetical concepts. Describing trust as a property of a relationship of reliance, we introduce a theory of trust and monitoring, which uses mathematical models based on two classes of functions, including q-exponentials, and relates the levels of trust to the costs of monitoring. As opposed to several accounts of trust that attempt to identify the special ingredient of reliance and trust relationships, our theory characterizes trust as a quantitative property of certain relations of reliance that can be quantified and expressed as a scalar quantity. Our theory is applicable to both human–human and human–artificial agent interactions, as it is agnostic with respect to the concrete realization of trustworthiness properties, and is compatible with many views differing on which properties contribute to trust and trustworthiness. Finally, as our mathematical models make the quantitative features of trust measurable, they provide empirical studies on trust with a rigorous methodology for its measurement.
Green space in an extremely exposed part of the city center “Aorta of Warsaw” - Case study of the urban lawn
Authors: Winkler Jan , Koda Eugeniusz , Červenková Jana , Děkanovský Igor , Nowysz Aleksandra , Mazur Łukasz , Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Vaverková Magdalena Daria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe method of developing city centers is the responsibility of local authorities, which must reconcile the interests of investors applying for valuable land with the utility needs and expectations of residents regarding, inter alia, free squares and green enclaves. This study was conducted in Warsaw (Poland). In the study area, for 20 years there has been a discussion about how the area should be developed. So far, the area is used as lawns. During the monitoring period, 72 plant taxa were found. It is possible to state that an urban lawn is an ecosystem with relatively stable conditions, which is, however influenced by human disturbance and specific stress in the city. A city lawn is an oasis of greenery that is easy to set up and maintain, in the case of modernization, it does not generate large costs related to its restoration, unlike gardens. Maintaining an intensive lawn requires not only the selection of appropriate grass species resistant to the influences of the urban environment, but also the optimal way to us it. This research can be used to choose the optimal method for managing and maintaining greenery, considering the conditions of spatial development and environmental factors.
Comparing Bayesian Variable Selection to Lasso Approaches for Applications in Psychology
Authors: Bainter Sierra A. , McCauley Thomas G. , Fahmy Mahmoud M. , Goodman Zachary T. , Kupis Lauren B. , Rao J. Sunil 
Published: May 2023

In the current paper, we review existing tools for solving variable selection problems in psychology. Modern regularization methods such as lasso regression have recently been introduced in the field and are incorporated into popular methodologies, such as network analysis. However, several recognized limitations of lasso regularization may limit its suitability for psychological research. In this paper, we compare the properties of lasso approaches used for variable selection to Bayesian variable selection approaches. In particular we highlight advantages of stochastic search variable selection (SSVS), that make it well suited for variable selection applications in psychology. We demonstrate these advantages and contrast SSVS with lasso type penalization in an application to predict depression symptoms in a large sample and an accompanying simulation study. We investigate the effects of sample size, effect size, and patterns of correlation among predictors on rates of correct and false inclusion and bias in the estimates. SSVS as investigated here is reasonably computationally efficient and powerful to detect moderate effects in small sample sizes (or small effects in moderate sample sizes), while protecting against false inclusion and without over-penalizing true effects. We recommend SSVS as a flexible framework that is well-suited for the field, discuss limitations, and suggest directions for future development.
Magnetic hierarchical flower-like Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH catalyst with enhanced redox cycle for Fenton-like degradation of Congo red: optimization and mechanism
Authors: Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Bakr Sara S. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , El-Subruiti Gehan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel flower-like CuNiMn-LDH was synthesized and modified, to obtain a promising Fenton-like catalyst, Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH, with a remarkable degradation of Congo red (CR) utilizing H2O2oxidant. The structural and morphological characteristics of Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH were analyzed via FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDX, and SEM spectroscopy. In addition, the magnetic property and the surface’s charge were defined via VSM and ZP analysis, respectively. Fenton-like experiments were implemented to investigate the aptness conditions for the Fenton-like degradation of CR; pH medium, catalyst dosage, H2O2concentration, temperature, and the initial concentration of CR. The catalyst exhibited supreme degradation performance for CR to reach 90.9% within 30 min at pH 5 and 25 °C. Moreover, the Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH/H2O2system revealed considerable activity when tested for different dyes since the degradation efficiencies of CV, MG, MB, MR, MO, and CR were 65.86, 70.76, 72.56, 75.54, 85.99, and 90.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the kinetic study elucidated that the CR degradation by the Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH/H2O2system obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic model. More importantly, the concrete results deduced the synergistic effect between the catalyst components, producing a continuous redox cycle consisting of five active metal species. Eventually, the quenching test and the mechanism study proposed the predominance of the radical mechanism pathway on the Fenton-like degradation of CR by the Fe3O4@ZIF-67/CuNiMn-LDH/H2O2system.Graphical Abstract
Effects of herbicides and mulch on the soil carbon, nitrogen, and microbial composition of two revegetated riparian zones over 3 years
Authors: Omidvar Negar , Ogbourne Steven M. , Xu Zhihong , Burton Joanne , Ford Rebecca , Salehin Babak , Tahmasbian Iman , Michael Ruby , Wilson Rachele , Bai Shahla Hosseini 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Revegetation of riparian zones is important to improve their soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and to preserve their microbial compositions. However, the success of revegetation projects currently depends on weed control to reduce non-target vegetation competing over nutrients and to ensure the target plant species growth and survival. Different weed control methods affect soil microbial composition and N cycling. However, the long-term effects of herbicides on soil nitrogen (N) pools and microbial community composition remain uncertain even after cessation of the herbicide application.

Materials and methods
This study compared the impacts of different herbicides (Roundup®, BioWeed™, Slasher®, and acetic acid) with mulch on soil N dynamics and microbial community structure 3 years after vegetation establishment (herbicides applied repeatedly in the first 2 years after which no herbicides were applied in the third final year).

Results and discussion
Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was significantly higher in mulch compared with Roundup®, BioWeed™, Slasher®, and acetic acid at month 26 at the Kandanga site and month 10 at the Pinbarren site. Soil MBC remained significantly higher in mulch compared with Roundup® and BioWeed™, 12 months after the cessation of herbicide application at the Pinbarren site. Soil MBC in the Roundup® and BioWeed™ groups was also lower than the acceptable threshold (160 mg kg−1) at month 34 at the Pinbarren site. Soil NO3−-N was significantly higher in the mulch than the Roundup® at months 22 and 34 after revegetation at the Pinbarren site which could be partly explained by the decreased abundance of the denitrifying bacteria (Candidatus solibacter and C. koribacter). Additionally, both soil bacterial and fungal communities at the Pinbarren site and only fungal community at the Kandanga site were different in the mulch group compared with all other herbicides. The differences persisted 12 months after the cessation of herbicide application at the Pinbarren site.

Conclusion
Our study suggested that the application of mulch to assist with riparian revegetation would be beneficial for soil microbial functionality. The use of herbicides may have long-lasting effects on soil microbial biomass and diversity and therefore herbicides should be used with caution as part of an integrated land management plan.
DisguisOR: holistic face anonymization for the operating room
Authors: Bastian Lennart , Wang Tony Danjun , Czempiel Tobias , Busam Benjamin , Navab Nassir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Recent advances in Surgical Data Science (SDS) have contributed to an increase in video recordings from hospital environments. While methods such as surgical workflow recognition show potential in increasing the quality of patient care, the quantity of video data has surpassed the scale at which images can be manually anonymized. Existing automated 2D anonymization methods under-perform in Operating Rooms (OR), due to occlusions and obstructions. We propose to anonymize multi-view OR recordings using 3D data from multiple camera streams.

Methods
RGB and depth images from multiple cameras are fused into a 3D point cloud representation of the scene. We then detect each individual’s face in 3D by regressing a parametric human mesh model onto detected 3D human keypoints and aligning the face mesh with the fused 3D point cloud. The mesh model is rendered into every acquired camera view, replacing each individual’s face.

Results
Our method shows promise in locating faces at a higher rate than existing approaches. DisguisOR produces geometrically consistent anonymizations for each camera view, enabling more realistic anonymization that is less detrimental to downstream tasks.

Conclusion
Frequent obstructions and crowding in operating rooms leaves significant room for improvement for off-the-shelf anonymization methods. DisguisOR addresses privacy on a scene level and has the potential to facilitate further research in SDS.
Investigating the Relationship Between Body Shape and Life History Traits in Toothed Whales: Can Body Shape Predict Fast-Slow Life Histories?
Authors: Ferguson Steven H. , Higdon Jeff W. , Schmidt Chloe , Pomerleau Corinne , Matthews Cory J. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA widespread pattern in vertebrate life-history evolution is for species to evolve towards either fast or slow life histories; however, the underlying causes of this pattern remain unclear. Toothed whales (Odontoceti) are a diverse group with a range of body sizes and life histories, making them an ideal model to investigate potential drivers of this dichotomy. Using ancestral reconstruction, we identified that certain groups of odontocetes evolved more-streamlined, presumably faster, body shapes around the same time that killer whales (Orcinus orca) evolved into whale predators approximately 1 Mya during the Pleistocene. This suggests that the evolution of a streamlined body shape may have been an adaptation to escape killer whale predation, leading to longer life-history events. To test this hypothesis, we performed a cluster analysis of odontocete whales and confirmed the dual pattern of life-history traits, with one group referred to as ‘reproducers’ characterized by early age of maturity, short gestation, short interbirth interval, and short lifespan, and the other group referred to as ‘bet-hedgers’ exhibiting the opposite pattern. However, we found that life history grouping was relatively unrelated to whale shape (i.e., more streamlined or less streamlined). Therefore, we incorporated principal component results into mixed effects models, and the model results indicated that body shape was positively related to neonate length (a measure of investment in progeny), but not significantly related to the temporal life-history traits. Thus, whale body shape is not a sufficient explanation for the evolution of fast-slow life histories in odontocete whales.
Circulating anti-hypothalamus antibodies in celiac patients: tissue transglutaminase friend or foe?
Authors: Iervasi Erika , Strangio Antonella , Greco Luigi , Auricchio Renata , Saverino Daniele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease with inflammatory characteristics, having a condition of chronic malabsorption, affecting approximately 1% of the population at any age. In recent years, a concrete correlation between eating disorders and CD has emerged. Hypothalamus plays a central role in determining eating behaviour, regulating appetite and, consequently, food intake. One hundred and ten sera from celiac patients (40 active and 70 following a gluten-free diet) were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against primate hypothalamic periventricular neurons by immunofluorescence and by a home-made ELISA assay. In addition, ghrelin was measured by ELISA. As control, 45 blood serums from healthy age matched were analysed. Among active CD, all patients resulted positive for anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies and sera showed significantly higher levels of ghrelin. All of the free-gluten CD were negative for anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies and had low levels of ghrelin, as well as healthy controls. Of interest, anti-hypothalamic autoantibodies directly correlate with anti-tTG amounts and with mucosal damage. In addition, competition assays with recombinant tTG showed a drastically reduction of anti-hypothalamic serum reactivity. Finally, ghrelin levels are increased in CD patients and correlated with anti-tTG autoantibodies and anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies. This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of anti-hypothalamus antibodies and their correlation with the severity of the CD. It also allows us to hypothesize the role of tTG as a putative autoantigen expressed by hypothalamic neurons.