bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presumed pituitary apoplexy in 26 dogs: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes
Authors: Woelfel Christian W. , Mariani Christopher L. , Nolan Michael W. , Keenihan Erin K. , Topulos Sophia P. , Early Peter J. , Muñana Karen R. , Musulin Sarah E. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPituitary apoplexy refers to hemorrhage or infarction within the pituitary gland resulting in acute neurological abnormalities. This condition is poorly described in dogs.ObjectivesTo document presenting complaints, examination findings, endocrinopathies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatments, and outcomes of dogs with pituitary apoplexy.AnimalsTwenty‐six client‐owned dogs with acute onset of neurological dysfunction.MethodsRetrospective case series. Dogs were diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy if MRI or histopathology documented an intrasellar or suprasellar mass with evidence of hemorrhage or infarction in conjunction with acute neurological dysfunction. Clinical information was obtained from medical records and imaging reports.ResultsCommon presenting complaints included altered mentation (16/26, 62%) and gastrointestinal dysfunction (14/26, 54%). Gait or posture changes (22/26, 85%), mentation changes (18/26, 69%), cranial neuropathies (17/26, 65%), cervical or head hyperpathia (12/26, 46%), and hyperthermia (8/26, 31%) were the most frequent exam findings. Ten dogs (38%) lacked evidence of an endocrinopathy before presentation. Common MRI findings included T1‐weighted hypo‐ to isointensity of the hemorrhagic lesion (21/25, 84%), peripheral enhancement of the pituitary mass lesion (15/25, 60%), brain herniation (14/25, 56%), and obstructive hydrocephalus (13/25, 52%). Fifteen dogs (58%) survived to hospital discharge. Seven of these dogs received medical management alone (median survival 143 days; range, 7‐641 days) and 8 received medications and radiation therapy (median survival 973 days; range, 41‐1719 days).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with pituitary apoplexy present with a variety of acute signs of neurological disease and inconsistent endocrine dysfunction. Dogs that survive to discharge can have a favorable outcome.
The structure of root‐associated fungal communities is related to the long‐term effects of plant diversity on productivity
Authors: Maciá‐Vicente Jose G. , Francioli Davide , Weigelt Alexandra , Albracht Cynthia , Barry Kathryn E. , Buscot François , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Hennecke Justus , Heintz‐Buschart Anna , van Ruijven Jasper , Mommer Liesje 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRoot‐associated fungi could play a role in determining both the positive relationship between plant diversity and productivity in experimental grasslands, and its strengthening over time. This hypothesis assumes that specialized pathogenic and mutualistic fungal communities gradually assemble over time, enhancing plant growth more in species‐rich than in species‐poor plots. To test this hypothesis, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to characterize root‐associated fungal communities in experimental grasslands of 1 and 15 years of age with varying levels of plant species richness. Specifically, we tested whether the relationship between fungal communities and plant richness and productivity becomes stronger with the age of the experimental plots. Our results showed that fungal diversity increased with plant diversity, but this relationship weakened rather than strengthened over the two time points. Contrastingly, fungal community composition showed increasing associations with plant diversity over time, suggesting a gradual build‐up of specific fungal assemblages. Analyses of different fungal guilds showed that these changes were particularly marked in pathogenic fungi, whose shifts in relative abundance are consistent with the pathogen dilution hypothesis in diverse plant communities. Our results suggest that root‐associated fungal pathogens play more specific roles in determining the diversity–productivity relationship than other root‐associated plant symbionts.
Soil fertility determines whether ectomycorrhizal fungi accelerate or decelerate decomposition in a temperate forest
Authors: Mayer Mathias , Matthews Bradley , Sandén Hans , Katzensteiner Klaus , Hagedorn Frank , Gorfer Markus , Berger Harald , Berger Torsten W. , Godbold Douglas L. , Rewald Boris 
Published: April 2023

Summary

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can both accelerate and decelerate decomposition of organic matter in forest soils, but a mechanistic understanding of this differential influence is limited.

Here, we tested how ECM fungi affect decomposition along a natural fertility gradient in a temperate forest of European beech. Trees were girdled to reduce belowground carbon supply to the soil.

Girdling shifted soil fungal community composition and decreased hyphal biomass production and soil CO2 efflux, indicating a reduced ECM fungal activity. Girdling also affected decomposition processes, but the effects depended on fertility. Our results indicate that ECM fungi decelerate decomposition under conditions of low fertility while under conditions of high fertility ECM fungi and their host roots have an accelerating effect.

We conclude that both acceleration and deceleration of decomposition of organic matter by ECM fungi can occur within a forest, with soil fertility determining the direction and magnitude of these effects. We suggest a positive feedback between fertility, stand productivity and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics that is mediated to a large extent by ECM fungi.
Feasibility and repeatability of ocular biometry measured with IOLMaster 700 in a large population‐based study
Authors: Michael Ralph , Wirkner Kerstin , Engel Christoph , Loeffler Markus , Kirsten Toralf , Rauscher Franziska G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of IOLMaster 700 biometry measurements in an adult population. Furthermore, to assess the value of the Quality Indicators (QIs) provided by the device.MethodAs part of the large population‐based Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Adult‐Study, randomly selected participants from Leipzig, Germany were evaluated with the ZEISS IOLMaster 700. Age range was 26–85 years, with 53% of participants above 70 years of age. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and keratometry (K) were assessed in 1767 right eyes. Measurements were repeated twice and in a subset of 1331 eyes, three times. Measurement feasibility was evaluated for three levels; successful, with warnings and failed, using the inbuilt QIs. Repeatability was assessed as within‐subject standard deviation (SD) and repeatability limits were calculated.ResultsFirst measurement success rate for phakic eyes was over 99% for AL, CCT, ACD, over 98% for LT and over 97% for K. K had 16% eyes with warnings and the recommendation to repeat the measurement. Excluding the measurements with warnings resulted in a reduction of mean SD for AL from 48 to 4 μm and for mean K from 0.08 to 0.04 D. Repeatability for phakic eyes was 8 μm for AL, CCT, ACD and LT and 2.3 μm for CCT; 0.07 D and 0.12 D for mean K and delta K, respectively, for phakic cases without warnings (two measurements).ConclusionsIn our population‐based sample, the IOLMaster 700 collected data for AL, CCT, ACD, LT and K from the vast majority of eyes. Considering the built‐in QIs improved the measurement variability substantially. Repeatability measurements indicate that clinically meaningful changes can be detected reliably with this instrument.
Optometrists' attitudes toward usingOCTangiography lag behind other retinal imaging types
Authors: Cheung Rene , Ho Sharon , Ly Angelica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeWhile optometrists' attitudes toward established retinal imaging types are generally positive, they are unknown for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We performed a cross‐sectional survey to estimate attitudes toward OCTA and identify clinician and/or practice characteristics that influence them.MethodsA paper‐based survey was mailed to 252 randomly selected optometrists in Australia. Five‐point Likert‐scale items from a previous survey assessing attitudes toward new technology were included to probe respondent characteristics and attitudes toward retinal imaging. Performance expectancy attitudes toward OCTA were elicited by the statement ‘I believe OCTA is useful in daily practice’. Mean scores out of five (mean [SD]) were rounded and mapped to appropriate descriptive statements.ResultsThe response rate was 47% (118/252). The mean (SD) age of respondents was 44.0 (13.8) years and 50.8% (60/118) were female. Optometrists had 19.9 (14.0) years of clinical experience and 66.9% (79/118) worked at independent practices. In total, 8.5% (10/118) of respondents used OCTA to provide clinical care. Optometrists agreed that optical coherence tomography (OCT), colour fundus imaging, ultra‐wide field imaging and fundus autofluorescence (mean scores 3.6–4.7 out of 5) were useful in daily practice but felt neutral about whether OCTA was useful (3.4 [0.8]). Optometrists believed that OCTA was less enjoyable to use (p < 0.0001), less endorsed by peers (p < 0.0001) and felt less confident that they had the knowledge to interpret OCTA (p < 0.0001) compared to other retinal imaging types.ConclusionsOptometrists are undecided on whether OCTA is useful in daily practice and had lower expectations that using OCTA would confer job performance benefits compared to other retinal imaging types. Further work is needed to advocate the benefits of using OCTA across the profession.
Preterm‐born individuals: a vulnerable population at risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during thermal extremes?
Authors: Sixtus Ryan Phillip , Gray Clint , Berry Mary Judith , Dyson Rebecca Maree 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreterm‐born individuals are a uniquely vulnerable population. Preterm exposure to the extrauterine environment and the (mal)adaptations that occur during the transitional period can result in alterations to their macro‐ and micro‐physiological state. The physiological adaptations that increase survival in the short term may place those born preterm on a trajectory of lifelong dysfunction and later‐life decompensation. Cardiovascular compensation in children and adolescents, which masks this trajectory of dysfunction, is overcome under stress, such that the functional cardiovascular capacity is reduced and recovery impaired following physiological stress. This has implications for their response to thermal stress. As the Anthropocene introduces greater changes in our environment, thermal extremes will impact vulnerable populations as yet unidentified in the climate change context. Here, we present the hypothesis that individuals born preterm are a vulnerable population at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during thermal extremes.
Risk of non-hypoglycemic agents for hypoglycemia-related hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes: a large-scale medical receipt database analysis
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Otsuka Mai , Yasu Takeo 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionHypoglycemia is listed as an adverse effect in the package inserts of not only hypoglycemic agents but also many other drugs. We aimed to clarify real-world factors related to an increased risk of hypoglycemia-related hospitalization (HRH) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on non-hypoglycemic agents that have been associated with hypoglycemia.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Medical Data Vision administrative claims database. We identified patients with T2D who were enrolled in the database between April 2014 and October 2019. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with HRH due to non-hypoglycemic agents.ResultsAmong 703 745 patients with T2D, 10 376 patients (1.47%) experienced HRH. The use of 332 non-hypoglycemic agents was associated with hypoglycemia. Multivariate analysis was performed to calculate OR for HRH. Seventy-five drugs had an OR greater than 1, and the values were significant. The OR was the highest for diazoxide (OR 15.5, 95% CI 4.87 to 49.3). The OR was higher than 2.0 for methylphenidate (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.53 to 17.3), disulfiram (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.05 to 8.62) and hydrocortisone (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.51).ConclusionThis large retrospective analysis revealed that the risk of HRH from some non-hypoglycemic agents in patients with T2D may be increased. The results of this study are expected to support treatment planning by physicians and healthcare professionals involved in diabetes care.
Open access and international coauthorship: A longitudinal study of the United Arab Emirates research output
Authors: Boufarss Mohamed , Laakso Mikael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the interplay between open access (OA), coauthorship, and international research collaboration. Although previous research has dealt with these factors separately, there is a knowledge gap in how these interact within a single data set. The data includes all Scopus-indexed journal articles published over 11 years (2009–2019) where at least one of the authors has an affiliation to a United Arab Emirates institution (30,400 articles in total). To assess the OA status of articles, we utilized Unpaywall data for articles with a digital object identifier, and manual web searches for articles without. There was consistently strong growth in publication volume counts as well as shares of OA articles across the years. The analysis provides statistically significant results supporting a positive relationship between a higher number of coauthors (in particular international) and the OA status of articles. Further research is needed to investigate potentially explaining factors for the relationship between coauthorship and increased OA rate, such as implementation of national science policy initiatives, varying availability of funding for OA publishing in different countries, patterns in adoption of various OA types in different coauthorship constellations, and potentially unique discipline-specific patterns as they relate to coauthorship and OA rate.
COVID-19 publications in top-ranked public health journals during the first phase of the pandemic
Authors: Gorman Dennis M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge of academic publications in medical journals in early 2020. A concern has been that the methodological quality of this research is poor, due to the large volume of publications submitted to journals and the rapidity of peer review. The aim of the present study was to examine the COVID-19 papers that appeared in 15 top-ranked generalist public health journals in 2020. The COVID-19 related publications contributing to each journal’s h5 index were identified and the following data were collected: publication type (research report versus nonresearch); number of citations; length of peer review; registration of the study; and type of study design. Of 962 articles that contributed to the journals’ h5-index scores 109 pertained to COVID-19. Three journals accounted for about 70% of the total COVID-19 articles and the subgroup of 74 research reports. Two journals accounted for 18 of the 25 research reports, with over 200 citations. Nearly two-thirds of research reports were cross-sectional surveys (mostly using convenience samples), narrative reviews or analyses of internet data. Median time in peer review was 21.5 days. Only one study was registered. Dissemination of research that has undergone insufficient peer review can lead to misguided public health practice.
Towards Characterization of Scale and Scaling in Implementation Research within Mathematics Education
Authors: Aguilar Mario Sánchez , Ahl Linda Marie , Jankvist Uffe Thomas , Helenius Ola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Scale and scaling are central concepts in projects aimed at implementing innovations for improving mathematics education. This study aims to provide conceptual clarity on the notions of scale and scaling in mathematics education research. The meanings of these terms are handled tacitly, and there is diversity in how they are used in the literature. To address this, we gathered opinions from experienced researchers in the area of the large-scale implementation of educational innovations, and we also conducted a literature review of articles explicitly addressing aspects of scale and scaling in mathematics education. We analyzed the content of these sources using Coburn’s (2003) conceptualization of scale. Our findings provide insight into how experts define and understand the concepts of small scale, large scale, at scale and scaling, and how these concepts relate to the four dimensions of scale proposed by Coburn. This study contributes to developing a more precise and nuanced understanding of scale and scaling in mathematics education research by offering an operational distinction between small-scale, large-scale, and medium-scale project implementation. This distinction is based on three key factors: the contact factor, the material factor, and the organizational factor.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.22339609.
Rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Aagesen Maria , la Cour Karen , Møller Jens-Jakob Kjer , Stapelfeldt Christina M , Hauken May Aasebø , Pilegaard Marc Sampedro 
Published: April 2023

Objective To map existing research concerning rehabilitation interventions for young adult cancer survivors (YACS) that address at least one factor from the biopsychosocial health model. Design Scoping review. Data sources Searches were performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane in January 2022 and updated in March 2023, and grey literature between February and April 2022. Methods The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies evaluating interventions for YACS of any cancer who had completed primary treatment and were between 18 and 39 years old at diagnosis were included. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, and standardised forms were used for data extraction. Descriptive statistics, narrative summaries and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. Results The search revealed 5706 records, of which 70 were full-text screened. The 20 included studies represented a heterogeneous group of 444 young adults with different cancer types, mean age above 25, and an overrepresentation of females. Most studies were feasibility and pilot studies. The 20 studies consisted of 14 unique interventions focusing primarily on one dimension of the biopsychosocial health model like biological or psychological factors. In the 14 interventions, the most frequent intervention element was peer-to-peer support ( n = 12). The interventions were often delivered online ( n = 9), lasting 3–12 months ( n = 8). A wide variety of theories, providers and outcome measures were used. Conclusion The results show that current research on multicomponent, biopsychosocial and age-specific rehabilitation for YACS remains at an early stage.
A qualitative study of the dynamics of access to remote antenatal care through the lens of candidacy
Authors: Hinton Lisa , Kuberska Karolina , Dakin Francesca , Boydell Nicola , Martin Graham , Draycott Tim , Winter Cathy , McManus Richard J , Chappell Lucy , Chakrabarti Sanhita , Howland Elizabeth , Willars Janet , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: April 2023

Objective We aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of pregnant women, antenatal healthcare professionals, and system leaders to understand the impact of the implementation of remote provision of antenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Methods We conducted a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 93 participants, including 45 individuals who had been pregnant during the study period, 34 health care professionals, and 14 managers and system-level stakeholders. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method and used the theoretical framework of candidacy. Results We found that remote antenatal care had far-reaching effects on access when understood through the lens of candidacy. It altered women’s own identification of themselves and their babies as eligible for antenatal care. Navigating services became more challenging, often requiring considerable digital literacy and sociocultural capital. Services became less permeable, meaning that they were more difficult to use and demanding of the personal and social resources of users. Remote consultations were seen as more transactional in character and were limited by lack of face-to-face contact and safe spaces, making it more difficult for women to make their needs – both clinical and social – known, and for professionals to assess them. Operational and institutional challenges, including problems in sharing of antenatal records, were consequential. There were suggestions that a shift to remote provision of antenatal care might increase risks of inequities in access to care in relation to every feature of candidacy we characterised. Conclusion It is important to recognise the implications for access to antenatal care of a shift to remote delivery. It is not a simple swap: it restructures many aspects of candidacy for care in ways that pose risks of amplifying existing intersectional inequalities that lead to poorer outcomes. Addressing these challenges through policy and practice action is needed to tackle these risks.
Prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula and pancreatitis after pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy: A review
Authors: Bonsdorff Akseli , Sallinen Ville 
Published: April 2023

Background and objective: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the leading cause of morbidity and early mortality in patients undergoing pancreatic resection. In addition, recent studies have identified postoperative acute pancreatitis (POAP) as an independent contributor to morbidity. Most perioperative mitigation strategies experimented for POPF have been shown to be in vain with no consensus on the best perioperative management. Clinical prediction models have been developed with the hope of identifying high POPF risk patients with the leading idea of finding subpopulations possibly benefiting from pre-existing or novel mitigation strategies. The aim of this review was to map out the existing prediction modeling studies to better understand the current stage of POPF prediction modeling, and the methodology behind them. Methods: A narrative review of the existing POPF prediction model studies was performed. Studies published before September 2022 were included. Results: While the number of POPF prediction models for pancreatoduodenectomy has increased, none of the currently existing models stand out from the crowd. For distal pancreatectomy, two unique POPF prediction models exist, but due to their freshness, no further external validation or adoption in clinics or research has been reported. There seems to be a lack of adherence to correct methodology or reporting guidelines in most of the studies, which has rendered external validity—if assessed—low. Few of the most recent studies have demonstrated preoperative assessment of pancreatic aspects from computed tomography (CT) scans to provide relatively strong predictors of POPF. Conclusions: Main goal for the future would be to reach a consensus on the most important POPF predictors and prediction model. At their current state, few models have demonstrated adequate transportability and generalizability to be up to the task. Better understanding of POPF pathophysiology and the possible driving force of acute inflammation and POAP might be required before such a prediction model can be accessed.