bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved dust properties and quasar-galaxy decomposition of a hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at z = 4.4
Authors: Tsukui Takafumi , Wisnioski Emily , Krumholz Mark R , Battisti Andrew 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We report spatially resolved dust properties of the quasar host galaxy BRI1335−0417 at redshift z = 4.4 constrained by the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array observations. The dust temperature map, derived from a greybody fit to rest frame 90 and 161 μm continuum images, shows a steep increase towards the centre, reaching 57.1 ± 0.3 K and a flat median profile at the outer regions of ∼38 K. Image decomposition analysis reveals the presence of a point source in both dust continuum images spatially coincident with the highest temperature peak and the optical quasar position, which we attribute to warm dust heated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We show that a model including this warm component along with cooler dust heated by star formation describes the global spectral energy distribution better than a single-component model, with dust temperatures of 87.1$^{+34.1}_{-18.3}$ K (warm component) and 52.6$^{+10.3}_{-11.0}$ K (cold component). The star-formation rate (SFR) estimated from the cold dust component is $1700_{-400}^{+500}\ \mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1, a factor of three smaller than previous estimates due to a large AGN contribution ($53^{+14}_{-15}$ per cent). The unresolved warm dust component also explains the steep temperature gradient, as the temperature profile derived after the point source subtraction is flat. The point source subtraction also reduces the estimated central SFR surface density ΣSFR by over a factor of three. With this correction, spatially resolved measurements of ΣSFR and the surface gas mass density Σgas form a roughly linear sequence in the Kennicutt–Schmidt diagram with a constant gas depletion time of 50–200 Myr. The demonstrated AGN-host galaxy decomposition reveals the importance of spatially resolved data for accurate measurements of quasar host galaxy properties, including dust temperature, SFRs, and size.
Observational signatures of circumbinary discs – I. Kinematics
Authors: Calcino Josh , Price Daniel J , Pinte Christophe , Garg Himanshi , Norfolk Brodie J , Christiaens Valentin , Li Hui , Teague Richard 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present five morphological and kinematic criteria to aid in asserting the binary nature of a protoplanetary disc, based on 3D hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs post-processed with Monte Carlo radiative transfer. We find that circumbinary discs may be identified by (i) a central cavity, (ii) spiral arms both in and outside of their central cavities, (iii) non-localized perturbations in their iso-velocity curves, (iv) asymmetry between the lines of maximum speed of the blueshifted and redshifted wings, and (v) asymmetry between the area of the blueshifted and redshifted wings. We provide quantitative metrics for the last two criteria that can be used, in conjunction with the morphological criteria, to signal whether a protoplanetary disc is likely to be a circumbinary disc.
TOI-908: a planet at the edge of the Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
Authors: Hawthorn Faith , Bayliss Daniel , Armstrong David J , Fernández Fernández Jorge , Osborn Ares , Sousa Sérgio G , Adibekyan Vardan , Davoult Jeanne , Collins Karen A , Alibert Yann , Barros Susana C C , Bouchy François , Brogi Matteo , Ciardi David R , Daylan Tansu , Delgado Mena Elisa , Demangeon Olivier D S , Díaz Rodrigo F , Gan Tianjun , Horne Keith , Hoyer Sergio , Jenkins Jon M , Jensen Eric L N , Kielkopf John F , Kostov Veselin , Latham David W , Levine Alan M , Lillo-Box Jorge , Nielsen Louise D , Osborn Hugh P , Ricker George R , Rodrigues José , Santos Nuno C , Schwarz Richard P , Seager Sara , Serrano Bell Juan , Shporer Avi , Stockdale Chris , Strøm Paul A , Tenenbaum Peter , Udry Stéphane , Wheatley Peter J , Winn Joshua N , Ziegler Carl 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf (Teff  =  5626 ± 61 K) solar-like star with a mass of 0.950 ± 0.010 M⊙ and a radius of 1.028 ± 0.030 R⊙. The planet, TOI-908 b, is a 3.18 ± 0.16 R⊕ planet in a 3.18 d orbit. Radial velocity measurements from HARPS reveal TOI-908 b has a mass of approximately 16.1 ± 4.1 M⊕, resulting in a bulk planetary density of $2.7^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ g cm−3. TOI-908 b lies in a sparsely populated region of parameter space known as the Neptune desert. The planet likely began its life as a sub-Saturn planet before it experienced significant photoevaporation due to X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation from its host star, and is likely to continue evaporating, losing a significant fraction of its residual envelope mass.
Stellar spots cause measurable variations in atmospheric metallicity
Authors: Wilson Tanner A , Casey Andrew R 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
To accurately measure a star’s atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances, it is crucial to have high-quality spectra. Analysing the detailed chemical abundances of groups of stars can help us better understand nucleosynthesis, galactic chemical enrichment, and stellar evolution. In this study, we explored whether stellar spots can affect a star’s inferred metallicity and, if so, where the impact is the strongest. To investigate this, we created synthetic infrared spectra that included stellar spots for a sample of main-sequence stars younger than the sun. We then applied two models to the data: one that accounted for spots and the other that did not. From this, we can determine the bias introduced when fitting spotted spectra with a non-spotted model and how this bias varies with different parameters. Our findings revealed that fitting spotted spectra with a non-spotted model can introduce a scatter of up to 0.05 dex in the inferred metallicity, especially for stars with high levels of spot coverage. This bias is similar in magnitude to other relevant effects, such as atomic diffusion, radiative levitation, or non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. We also found that the effect is most pronounced in young stars and decreases with age. These results suggest that stellar spots can introduce a systematic uncertainty in metallicity that is not currently accounted for in spectroscopic analysis. This could potentially limit scientific inferences for population-level studies of young stars and differential abundance analyses.
Sodium enhancement in evolved cataclysmic variables
Authors: Yamaguchi Natsuko , El-Badry Kareem , Rodriguez Antonio C , Gull Maude , Roulston Benjamin R , Vanderbosch Zachary P 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present follow-up spectroscopy of 21 cataclysmic variables (CVs) with evolved secondaries and ongoing or recently terminated mass transfer. Evolutionary models predict that the secondaries should have anomalous surface abundances owing to nuclear burning in their cores during their main-sequence evolution and subsequent envelope stripping by their companion white dwarfs. To test these models, we measure sodium (Na) abundances of the donors from the Fraunhofer ‘D’ doublet. Accounting for interstellar absorption, we find that all objects in our sample have enhanced Na abundances. We measure 0.3 dex ≲ [Na/H] ≲ 1.5 dex across the sample, with a median [Na/H] = 0.956 dex, i.e. about an order of magnitude enhancement over solar values. To interpret these values, we run Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics binary evolution models of CVs in which mass transfer begins just as the donor leaves the main sequence. These generically predict Na enhancement in donors with initial donor masses $\gtrsim 1\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, consistent with our observations. In the models, Na enrichment occurs in the donors’ cores via the NeNa cycle near the end of their main-sequence evolution. Na-enhanced material is exposed when the binaries reach orbital periods of a few hours. Donors with higher initial masses are predicted to have higher Na abundances at fixed orbital period owing to their higher core temperatures during main-sequence evolution. The observed [Na/H] values are on average ≈0.3 dex higher than predicted by the models. Surface abundances of evolved CV donors provide a unique opportunity to study nuclear burning products in the cores of intermediate-mass stars.
Non-Gaussian assembly bias from a semi-analytic galaxy formation model
Authors: Marinucci M , Desjacques V , Benson A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We produce z = 1 galaxy catalogues with the semi-analytic code galacticus to study the dependence on the assembly history of the host halos of the non-Gaussian bias parameter bϕ for galaxies selected by colour magnitude and emission line luminosities. Galaxies selected by g–r colour shows a large assembly bias consistent with previous analyses: a larger value of the normalization amplitude σ8 implies a faster mass assembly and therefore older and redder galaxies. For galaxies selected by H α luminosity, we do not detect a significant assembly bias for the redshift and the halo masses considered here. This indicates that the non-Gaussian assembly bias should be less of a concern for future emission line galaxy surveys. We investigate, for the first time, the sensitivity of the non-Gaussian assembly bias to a change in the parameters of the galaxy formation model: these induce variations up to order unity in the measured Δbϕ, but the overall trends with colour or luminosity remain the same. Since these results may be sensitive to the specific galaxy formation model, it will be prudent to extend this analysis to other semi-analytic models in addition to halo mass and redshift.
Time-series photometry and multiwavelength characterization of the young stellar cluster Mon R2
Authors: Orcajo Santiago , Cieza Lucas A , Gamen Roberto 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Using the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT), we have obtained multi-epoch photometry of the young cluster Mon R2. We have monitored over 6000 sources with i-band between 13 and 23 mag within a 26 × 26 arcmin2 field of view. For each star, we collected ∼1500 photometric points covering a temporal window of 23 d. Based on these data, we have measured rotation-modulated of 136 stars and identified around 90 additional variables, including 14 eclipsing binary candidates. Moreover, we found 298 other variables with photometric high-scatter. In addition, we have obtained r-band and Hα narrow-band photometry of the cluster with LCOGT and low-resolution optical spectroscopy of 229 stars with GMOS-Gemini. We used the Gaia data from the periodic stars and objects with Hα or IR-excesses, which are mostly low-mass pre-main sequence stars (&lt;1 M⊙) in the cluster to estimate the distance (825 ± 51 pc) and the mean proper motions (μαcos(δ) = −2.75 mas yr−1 and μδ = 1.15 mas yr−1) of its members. This allows us to use the Gaia data to identify additional Mon R2 member candidates. We also used Pan-STARRS photometry from our LCOGT sources to construct a more precise H-R diagram, from which we estimate the mean age of the cluster and identify other possible members including eleven spectroscopy brown dwarf with M7 to M9 GMOS spectral types. Finally, we combined our membership lists with Spitzer infrared photometry to investigate the incidence of stars with discs and the effect these have on stellar rotation.
Magnetically dominated discs in tidal disruption events and quasi-periodic eruptions
Authors: Kaur Karamveer , Stone Nicholas C , Gilbaum Shmuel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The classical radiation pressure instability has been a persistent theoretical feature of thin, radiatively efficient accretion discs with accretion rates $\sim $ 1 per cent–100 per cent of the Eddington rate. But there is only limited evidence of its occurrence in nature: rapid heartbeat oscillations of a few X-ray binaries and now, perhaps, the new class of hourly X-ray transients called quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs). The accretion discs formed in tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been observed to peacefully trespass through the range of unstable accretion rates without exhibiting any clear sign of the instability. We try to explain the occurrence or otherwise of this instability in these systems, by constructing steady state 1D models of thin magnetic accretion discs. The local magnetic pressure in the disc is assumed to be dominated by toroidal fields arising from a dynamo sourced by magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We choose a physically motivated criterion of MRI saturation, validated by recent magnetohydrodynamic simulations, to determine the disc magnetic pressure. The resulting magnetic pressure support efficiently shrinks: (1) the parameter space of unstable mass accretion rates, explaining the absence of instability in TDEs and (2) the range of unstable radii in the inner accretion disc, which can shorten the quasi-periods of instability limit-cycles by more than three orders of magnitude, explaining the short periods of QPEs. In addition to examining stability of strongly magnetized discs, we predict other observational signatures such as spectral hardening and jet luminosities to test the compatibility of our disc models with observations of TDE discs.
AGN feedback through multiple jet cycles in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 2639
Authors: Rao Vaishnav V , Kharb P , Rubinur K , Silpa S , Roy N , Sebastian B , Singh V , Baghel J , Manna S , Ishwara-Chandra C H 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The Seyfert galaxy NGC 2639 was known to exhibit three episodes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet/lobe activity. We present here the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) 735 MHz image of NGC 2639 showing a fourth episode as witnessed by the discovery of ∼9 kpc radio lobes misaligned with the previously known ∼1.5 kpc, ∼360 pc, and ∼3 pc jet features detected through the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), respectively. Using the spectral ageing software brats, we derive the ages of the ∼9 kpc, ∼1.5 kpc, and ∼360 pc episodes to be, respectively, $34^{+4}_{-6}$, $11.8^{+1.7}_{-1.4}$, and $2.8^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$ Myr, and conclude that minor mergers occurred 9−22 Myr apart. NGC 2639 shows a deficit of molecular gas in its central ∼6 kpc region. The GALEX NUV image also shows a deficiency of recent star formation in the same region, while the star formation rate surface density in NGC 2639 is lower by a factor of 5−18 compared to the global Schmidt law of star-forming galaxies. This makes NGC 2639 a rare case of a Seyfert galaxy showing episodic jet activity and possible signatures of jet-driven AGN feedback.
Cumulative smoking dose is associated with subclinical renal injury: a pathological study in individuals without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ataka Eri , Matsukuma Yuta , Ueki Kenji , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Okabe Yasuhiro , Masutani Kosuke , Nakamura Masafumi , Nakano Toshiaki , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Epidemiological studies have identified smoking as an independent risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. However, the early renal pathological lesions have not been clearly elucidated.

Methods
We investigated time-zero biopsy specimens from 547 living kidney donors and evaluated the relationships between smoking and renal histological changes, including arteriolar hyalinization, intimal thickening of small–medium arteries, global glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA).

Results
A total of 199 subjects (36.4%) had smoking history; 92 (16.8%) and 107 (19.6%) subjects had &lt;20 pack-years and ≥20 pack-years of smoking, respectively. Cumulative smoking dose was significantly associated with prevalence of arteriolar hyalinization: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) per 20 pack-year increase was 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.15–1.97). The ORs for smokers with &lt;20 pack-years and ≥20 pack-years versus never-smokers were 1.76 (1.01–3.09) and 2.56 (1.48–4.44), respectively. Smoking was also associated with prevalence of &gt;10% global glomerulosclerosis: the OR per 20 pack-year increase was 1.24 (0.96–1.59). The ORs for smokers with &lt;20 pack-years and ≥20 pack-years versus never-smokers were 1.50 (0.98–2.78) and 2.11 (1.18–3.79), respectively. The ORs for these pathological changes increased significantly depending on cumulative smoking dose. Intimal thickening of small–medium arteries and IF/TA were not associated with smoking status. The prevalence of arteriolar hyalinization remained higher in patients with ≥10 years since smoking cessation than in never-smokers [OR 2.23 (1.03–4.83)].

Conclusions
Subclinical pathological injury caused by smoking is potentially associated with renal arteriolar hyalinization and glomerular ischaemia.
Definitions of Urinary Tract Infection in Current Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bilsen Manu P , Jongeneel Rosa M H , Schneeberger Caroline , Platteel Tamara N , van Nieuwkoop Cees , Mody Lona , Caterino Jeffrey M , Geerlings Suzanne E , Köves Bela , Wagenlehner Florian , Conroy Simon P , Visser Leo G , Lambregts Merel M C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Defining urinary tract infection (UTI) is complex, as numerous clinical and diagnostic parameters are involved. In this systematic review, we aimed to gain insight into how UTI is defined across current studies. We included 47 studies, published between January 2019 and May 2022, investigating therapeutic or prophylactic interventions in adult patients with UTI. Signs and symptoms, pyuria, and a positive urine culture were required in 85%, 28%, and 55% of study definitions, respectively. Five studies (11%) required all 3 categories for the diagnosis of UTI. Thresholds for significant bacteriuria varied from 103 to 105 colony-forming units/mL. None of the 12 studies including acute cystitis and 2 of 12 (17%) defining acute pyelonephritis used identical definitions. Complicated UTI was defined by both host factors and systemic involvement in 9 of 14 (64%) studies. In conclusion, UTI definitions are heterogeneous across recent studies, highlighting the need for a consensus-based, research reference standard for UTI.
Recasting the “Punishment Question”
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on perhaps the most problematic aspect of modern ex post facto doctrine: the “punishment question”—whether a provision is punitive (and hence criminal, as opposed to civil or regulatory) in nature, which since the court’s Calder decision is a sine qua non of an ex post facto challenge. Not only does the limit rest on questionable Framing Era historical evidence, but the modern court’s deferential, highly formalistic analytic framework for deciding whether a sanction qualifies is inconsistent with the framers’ disdain for burdensome retroactive laws and their concern over the “sudden and strong passions” driving their enactment. The chapter offers an alternative framework, tailored to the framers’ sensibilities and the structural constitutional role of the clause, a shift having particular importance today amid the penal populism that continues to affect legislatures and the increasing resort to nonphysical means of punitive restraint and laws of a quasi-criminal nature.
Global Perspectives
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter situates the Ex Post Facto Clause within the broader context of global human rights protection. It begins with perhaps the most high-profile attention historically paid to the ex post facto prohibition: the post-World War II trials of Nazi and Japanese authorities that took place in Nuremberg, Germany and in Tokyo, Japan. As a moral matter, holding the defendants to account for their wartime atrocities understandably enjoyed widespread support. At the time, however, many individuals maintained that the crimes alleged—including “crimes against humanity”—violated ex post facto principles because they did not technically exist when the prosecuted conduct occurred. In significant part due to this controversy, the ex post facto prohibition, and the associated principle of legality, grew in international stature, becoming a specified right in international declarations and national constitutions adopted after the trials, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted by the United Nations in 1948). The chapter examines the many ex post facto prohibitions contained in national constitutions throughout the world today and in the charters of modern-day war tribunals. The chapter concludes with discussion of yet another international human rights value emerging after the war, human dignity, and how it aligns with, and can inform, the understanding and enforcement of the Ex Post Facto Clause in the United States.
Staging the Sacred
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This volume examines Christian, Jewish, and Samaritan liturgical poetry from late antiquity (ca. third–fourth c. ce) both within religious traditions of biblical interpretation and conventions of prayer and through the lenses of performance, entertainment, and spectacle. Because liturgical poets were as invested in engaging their listeners as orators and actors were, this study analyzes hymnody as a performative genre akin to oratory and theater, the two primary modes of public performance. Liturgical poetry’s “theatricality” draws attention to subjects ranging from adapting biblical stories to the liturgical stage, just as works of Greco-Roman antiquity were popularized in this period, to adapting physical techniques and material structures to augment the performers’ ability to engage audiences. Specific techniques of oratory and acting in antiquity offer concrete means for elucidating the affinities of liturgical presentations and other modes of performance: indications of direct address and apostrophe; creating character through speech (ethopoeia); and appeals to the audience’s senses, including vivid descriptions (ekphrasis), a popular technique. Serious consideration of performance demands a difficult leap to imagining the world beyond the page. While late antique hymnody has survived primarily in textual form, the written word is quite remote from the actual experience these scripts reflect. The authors consider more speculative but recognizably essential elements of these works’ reception, including ways that liturgical poetry could have borrowed from the gestures and body language of oratory, mime, and pantomime, and how poets may have used the physical spaces of performance and accelerated changes visible in the archaeological record.
The Stage is a World, the Body an Instrument: Hymns in Sacred Space
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the diverse corpus of liturgical poetry from Late Antiquity—Jewish, Samaritan, and Christian—is scrutinized for trace evidence of specific techniques that suggest techniques of delivery and congregational reception, as well as engagement with space in both practical and conceptual terms. The analysis begins in close proximity to the body—with a study of oratorical gestures—and gradually widens the lens, to consider deixis (gestures that indicate specific items or sites), the physicality of delivery, audience participation as an embodied phenomenon, hymns as ritual scripts, and finally, the significance of imagined spaces and spatial imagination. A serious consideration of the physicality of hymnic performance—the individual embodiment and spatial dynamics—unifies these different facets of exploration. While much of this analysis is, of necessity, conjectural, the conclusion articulates how such studies help readers recover information encoded in the hymns. This data helps modern readers recover aspects of their delivery and listeners’ dynamic experience of performance.