bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths: molecular diversity and identification levels achieved by using different characterisation tools
Authors: Wangchuk Phurpa , Yeshi Karma , Loukas Alex 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Helminths are parasitic worms that infect millions of people worldwide and secrete a variety of excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including proteins, peptides, and small molecules. Despite this, there is currently no comprehensive review article on cataloging small molecules from helminths, particularly focusing on the different classes of metabolites (polar and lipid molecules) identified from the ESP and somatic tissue extracts of helminths that were studied in isolation from their hosts.

Objective
This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths using all available analytical platforms.

Method
To achieve this objective, we conducted a meta-analysis of the identification and characterization tools, metabolomics approaches, metabolomics standard initiative (MSI) levels, software, and databases commonly applied in helminth metabolomics studies published until November 2021.

Result
This review analyzed 29 studies reporting the metabolomic assessment of ESPs and somatic tissue extracts of 17 helminth species grown under ex vivo/in vitro culture conditions. Of these 29 studies, 19 achieved the highest level of metabolite identification (MSI level-1), while the remaining studies reported MSI level-2 identification. Only 155 small molecule metabolites, including polar and lipids, were identified using MSI level-1 characterization protocols from various helminth species. Despite the significant advances made possible by the ‘omics’ technology, standardized software and helminth-specific metabolomics databases remain significant challenges in this field. Overall, this review highlights the potential for future studies to better understand the diverse range of small molecules that helminths produce and leverage their unique metabolomic features to develop novel treatment options.
Residual Stress Distributions in Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Diffusion Bonds Produced From Powder Using Field-Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST-DB)
Authors: Levano Blanch Oliver , Pope Jacob , Violatos Ioannis , Rahimi Salaheddin , Jackson Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conventional approach when engineering components manufactured from titanium is to design the thermomechanical processing to develop an optimal microstructure in a single alloy. However, this conventional approach can lead to unnecessary over-engineering of components, particularly when only a specific subcomponent region is under demanding service stresses and environments. One approach being developed to join multiple alloys in a single component and enhance engineering performance and efficiency is FAST-DB—whereby multiple alloys in powder form are diffusion bonded (DB) using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST). But the joining of multiple alloys using conventional welding and joining techniques can generate high residual stress in the bond region that can affect the mechanical performance of the components. In this study, the residual stress distribution across dissimilar titanium alloy diffusion bonds, processed from powder using FAST, were measured using X-Ray diffraction and the Contour method. The measurements show low residual stress in the bulk material processed with FAST as well as in the diffusion bond region. In addition, FAST-DB preforms subsequently hot forged into different near-net shapes were also analyzed to understand how the residual stress in the bond region is affected by a subsequent processing. Overall, no sharp transitions in residual stress was observed between the dissimilar alloys. This study reinforces confidence in the solid-state FAST process for manufacturing next generation components from multiple titanium alloy powders.
Robot Gaze During Autonomous Navigation and Its Effect on Social Presence
Authors: He Kerry , Chan Wesley P. , Cosgun Akansel , Joy Albin , Croft Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs robots have become increasingly common in human-rich environments, it is critical that they are able to exhibit social cues to be perceived as a cooperative and socially-conformant team member. We investigate the effect of robot gaze cues on people’s subjective perceptions of a mobile robot as a socially present entity in three common hallway navigation scenarios. The tested robot gaze behaviors were path-oriented (looking at its own future path), or human-oriented (looking at the nearest person), with fixed-gaze as the control. We conduct a real-world study with 36 participants who walked through the hallway, and an online study with 233 participants who were shown simulated videos of the same scenarios. Our results suggest that the preferred gaze behavior is scenario-dependent. Human-oriented gaze behaviors which acknowledge the presence of the human are generally preferred when the robot and human cross paths. However, this benefit is diminished in scenarios that involve less implicit interaction between the robot and the human.
Investigation of Some Food Industrial vegetable Oil-Based Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Molnár-Kiss Anna Viktória , Nagy Roland 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays the surfactants are used in many areas of everyday life and industry, thanks to their diverse and favourable properties. They have been used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming or dispersing agents, from the food industry, through the cosmetics industry, to the heavy industry. Among surfactants, nonionic surfactants form one of the most diverse groups. Since the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the non-ionic surfactant are formed due to the different polarities of the molecular parts, countless raw materials become suitable for the production of such surfactants, depending on their polarity and reactivity. In the world of surfactants, in addition to application efficiency, environmental friendliness also plays an important role. In order for a surfactant to be environmental friendly, it is necessary to strive for the best solution the conditions of production and application. In this study it was set ourselves the goal of investigating nonionic surfactants, which based on their properties, may be suitable for industrial application, while also contributing to sustainable development.
Development of Scalp Diagnosis Algorithm Using Surface-Sensing Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kim Hansoo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of the information technology has made tremendous advance in image processing and computer vision fields, and digital image processing technology is showing rapid progress in various applications. And, in the case of scalp-related diseases such as dandruff and erythema, early detection and management helps to prevent various diseases such as hair loss, chronic scalp inflammation, and skin cancer, so it is important to determine the condition of the scalp and take action as soon as possible. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed that can quickly and easily determine and select one’s scalp condition using the latest deep learning technology. The proposed algorithm is more accurate than existing studies, and it is possible to discriminate the condition of the scalp without any additional information of the scalp nor metadata such as replies answered by the users which inevitably results in inconsistency and instability. As a result of implementing and validating the proposed algorithm, it shows an accuracy as the maximum of 98.78%, and the average accuracy increased by up to 6.62% compared to the existing research based on the traditional method.
Fractional divergence-measure fields, Leibniz rule and Gauss–Green formula
Authors: Comi Giovanni E. , Stefani Giorgio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven $$\alpha \in (0,1]$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
]

and $$p\in [1,+\infty ]$$

p
∈
[
1
,
+
∞
]

, we define the space $${\mathcal {D}}{\mathcal {M}}^{\alpha ,p}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

D

M

α
,
p

(

R

n

)

of $$L^p$$

L
p

vector fields whose $$\alpha $$
α
-divergence is a finite Radon measure, extending the theory of divergence-measure vector fields to the distributional fractional setting. Our main results concern the absolute continuity properties of the $$\alpha $$
α
-divergence-measure with respect to the Hausdorff measure and fractional analogues of the Leibniz rule and the Gauss–Green formula. The sharpness of our results is discussed via some explicit examples.
Radiographic and perioperative outcomes following anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering and posterior lumbar spine tethering: a pilot series
Authors: Siu Jeremy W. , Wu Hao-Hua , Saggi Satvir , Allahabadi Sachin , Katyal Toshali , Diab Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and context
In patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) of main thoracic and lumbar spine regions, combined anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering and posterior lumbar spine tethering (ATVBT/PLST) is a novel non-fusion treatment option for growth modulation and conservation of motion.

Methods
Fourteen patients with AIS who underwent ATVBT/PLST with at least 2-year follow-up were included. Primary outcomes included quality of life as assessed by SRS-22 instruments, radiographic analysis, and revision operations. We secondarily reported perioperative metrics and post-operative opiate morphine equivalents (OME). Clinical success was defined as patients who achieved skeletal maturity with ≤ 30° curve magnitude of both their main thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves and who did not undergo posterior spine instrumentation and fusion (PSIF).

Results
Patients had a mean age of 11.6 years (range 10–14 years), majority were girls (92%), and mean follow-up was 3.0 years (range 2–4.8 years). All patients were skeletally immature with a Risser ≤ 2. Included curves were Lenke 1C, 3C, or 6C. Mean preoperative curve magnitudes were 53° ± 8° (range 45°–65°) main thoracic and 49° ± 9° (range 40°–62°) thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. At most recent follow-up, patients had a mean main thoracic curve of 29° ± 8° (range 15°–40°) and a mean thoracolumbar/lumbar curve of 20° ± 15° (range 4°–35°). 50% required a revision operation. Cable breakage occurred in 43%, which did not always require revision. One patient progressed to thoracic fusion, but no patient underwent lumbar fusion. Patients had a mean SRS-22 outcome score of 4.2 ± 0.4.

Conclusions
ATVBT/PLST is a potential alternative to spine fusion for select immature patients with AIS at a minimum 2-year follow-up. ATVBT/PLST potentially offers motion conservation at the cost of a higher revision rate. Further study and reporting of results are necessary to refine indications and techniques, which in turn will improve outcomes of this procedure.

Level of evidence
Level IV—Case series without comparative group.
Re-understanding of data storytelling tools from a narrative perspective
Authors: Ren Pengkun , Wang Yi , Zhao Fan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith a large number of data stories expressed in diverse genres of narrative visualization, storytelling is currently growing in popularity in the field of visualization. In this paper, we investigate the data storytelling literature over the last 10 years and suggest a brand-new classification scheme for authoring tools from narrative perspectives. Our classification scheme comprehensively and meticulously summarizes the collected papers. By arranging papers in each category by publication date, we identify the popular topics, and present the current status and future directions of the development of data storytelling authoring tools. There are two contributions in our paper. First, we propose a novel taxonomy that includes two main categories and four sub-categories to classify narrative perspectives in data storytelling authoring tools. Second, we discuss and highlight research challenges and promising potential future research opportunities. We hope that this survey will promote the discussion of data storytelling tools and provide a reference for researchers who wish to delve more deeply into the research areas covered in this field.
The Effects of a Small Geomagnetic Storm on Earth's Thermosphere and Ionosphere: ICON Observations of the 25 January 2021 Disturbance
Authors: McGinness Emma C. , Immel Thomas J. , Harding Brian J. , Wu Yen‐Jung , Triplett Colin C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIsolated geomagnetic storms during solar minimum offer the opportunity to observe the effects of solar wind on Earth's atmosphere without interference from other background changes in the ionosphere‐thermosphere system. Here, we observe the effects of a minor storm on the ionosphere at middle and low latitudes, where disturbances in thermospheric winds and composition can produce storm‐time changes in ionospheric densities. Using data from the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), we investigate the competing effects of composition changes and neutral wind disturbances in modifying the ionosphere during the 25 January 2021 storm. Large enhancements in plasma densities are seen across the dayside late on 25 January, associated with large changes in meridional winds and significant high‐latitude electric current enhancements as measured by the auroral electrojet index. At the same time, we find evidence of rapid transport of heated air from the southern auroral zone to the equator in the East‐Asian sector with the appearance of deeply reduced O/N2 in the morning sector and storm‐time northward winds prior to its appearance. We observe significant, rapid erosion of the high plasma densities in the sector where thermospheric disturbance appears over 5 hr of observation. The noon‐time plasma density enhancements are short‐lived and we observe no westward perturbation in the low‐middle latitude, dayside zonal winds over a 5‐day period including the storm. Thus, we attribute the ionospheric changes to prompt penetration and meridional wind forcing, while ruling out the presence of a storm‐time disturbance dynamo and its related ionospheric effects.
The Relationship Between Wind, Waves, Bathymetry, and Microseisms in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Farrell Jamie , Koper Keith D. , Sohn Robert A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe conducted a multidisciplinary geophysical experiment to study the relationship between wind, waves, bathymetry, and microseisms in Yellowstone Lake—a small, isolated body of water in which wind‐driven gravity waves excite low‐amplitude seismic energy at periods ∼1.0 s with a regular daily pattern. During 25 June–4 August 2018, we deployed 40 short‐period seismometers, four meteorological stations, and two wave gauges in and around Yellowstone Lake. These instruments were complemented by seven permanent seismometers on the lake perimeter, and a contemporaneous deployment of 10 lake bottom seismometers (LBS) on the floor of the north‐central portion of the lake. The daily wind cycle, with southwesterly winds rising from ∼0 m/s in the early morning to maxima of 10–15 m/s in the late afternoon, generated lake waves with significant heights of ∼0.3–0.4 m and dominant periods of 1.5–2.5 s, which in turn generated microseisms with dominant periods of ∼0.8–1.2 s, in excellent agreement with the double‐frequency generation mechanism. Microseism energy was strongest on the lake floor stations, followed by the island stations and those along the northeastern coast of the lake, suggesting that these sites are closest to the source region where interference between incident and shoreline‐reflected waves is responsible for microseism generation. Smaller amplitude single‐frequency microseism energy was observed primarily along the northeastern lake shoreline. Both types of microseism energy are sensitive to shoreline morphology and lake wave dynamics, such that long‐term monitoring of lake microseisms may further our understanding of how these processes change over time.
Land‐Locked Convection as a Barrier to MJO Propagation Across the Maritime Continent
Authors: Savarin A. , Chen S. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale convection associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) initiates over the Indian Ocean and propagates eastward across the Maritime Continent (MC). Over the MC, MJO events are generally weakened due to complex interactions between the large‐scale MJO and the MC landmass. The MC barrier effect is responsible for the dissipation of 40%–50% of observed MJO events and is often exaggerated in weather and climate models. We examine how MJO propagation over the MC is affected by two aspects of the MC—its land‐sea contrast and its terrain. To isolate the effects of mountains and land‐sea contrast on MJO propagation, we conduct three high‐resolution coupled atmosphere‐ocean model experiments: (a) control simulation (CTRL) of the 2011 November–December MJO event, (b) flattened terrain without MC mountains (FLAT), and (c) no‐land simulation (WATER) in which the MC islands are replaced with 50 m deep ocean. CTRL captures the general properties of the diurnal cycle of precipitation and MJO propagation across the MC. The WATER simulation produces a more intense and smoother‐propagating MJO compared with that of CTRL. In contrast, the convergence of sea breezes in the FLAT simulation produces much more organized convection and precipitation far inland than in CTRL, which results in a stronger barrier effect to MJO propagation. The land‐sea contrast induced land‐locked convection weakens the MJO's convective organization. The land‐locked convective systems over land in FLAT are more intense, grow larger, and last longer, which is more detrimental to MJO propagation over the MC, than the mountains that are present in CTRL.
Diagnostics of the Ionospheric Conductivity Based on Spacecraft Observations of the Magnetospheric ULF Waves
Authors: Smotrova E. E. , Mager P. N. , Mikhailova O. S. , Klimushkin D. Yu. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 27 October 2012 an Alfvén wave of the Pc4 range was observed with Van Allen Probe A. The parallel Poynting flux of the wave was directed toward the Northern ionosphere. Assuming that this may be caused by the asymmetry of the ionospheric conductivity between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, its effect on the standing structure of the Alfvén wave was investigated. For this purpose, the analytical model with straight magnetic field lines was used. As a result, the method for estimation of the Northern and Southern ionospheric conductivity was developed. It allows to reconstruct the parallel structure of Alfvén waves under various conditions of the ionospheric conductivity. With the method developed, the ionospheric conductivity for the 27 October 2012 event was evaluated and compared with ionosphere model IRI‐2016 results.
The Rock Abundance of Crater Populations as a Probe of Mare Protolith Properties
Authors: Chertok Marley A. , Lucey Paul G. , Costello Emily S. , Ireland Schelin M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe volcanic parent rock (“protolith”) composing the lunar maria is likely to have developed diverse mechanical properties upon emplacement. The abundance of rocks ejected by impacts may be sensitive to protolith properties. We investigate the relationship between the possible diversity of mare protoliths and the abundance of rocks excavated and emplaced by impacts employing cumulative size‐frequency distributions (SFDs) of rocky craters in the maria. The SFDs of 15 mare units were calculated through varying degrees of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner‐derived rock abundance within crater ejecta blankets. By inspecting the frequency of high rock abundance craters, we find that the age of a surface does not control an impactor's ability to excavate rocks. Through analysis of SFDs, we find that differences in SFD behavior may act as probes for the mechanical strength of the protolith and the thickness of buried lava flows. Generally, regions with SFDs that have shallower slopes with increasing rockiness may be associated with thick, competent flow types, and regions with SFDs that have unchanging slopes with increasing rockiness may be associated with stacked, thin flows that are possibly more friable. The greater frequency of high rock abundance craters and the converging behavior of SFDs at two units within Mare Humorum and Oceanus Procellarum suggest that the surfaces are underlain by thick, competent lava flows. Finally, SFD slope analysis suggests that secondary impact craters are relatively ineffective at excavating rocks and the SFDs of rocky craters may reflect primary cratering populations.
Expanding chiral metamaterials for retrieving fingerprints via vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Xu Cheng , Ren Zhihao , Zhou Hong , Zhou Jingkai , Ho Chong Pei , Wang Nan , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy has been widely demonstrated for detecting chiral molecules. However, the determination of chiral mixtures with various concentrations and enantiomeric ratios can be a challenging task. To solve this problem, we report an enhanced vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) sensing platform based on plasmonic chiral metamaterials, which presents a 6-magnitude signal enhancement with a selectivity of chiral molecules. Guided by coupled-mode theory, we leverage both in-plane and out-of-plane symmetry-breaking structures for chiral metamaterial design enabled by a two-step lithography process, which increases the near-field coupling strengths and varies the ratio between absorption and radiation loss, resulting in improved chiral light-matter interaction and enhanced molecular VCD signals. Besides, we demonstrate the thin-film sensing process of BSA and β-lactoglobulin proteins, which contain secondary structures α-helix and β-sheet and achieve a limit of detection down to zeptomole level. Furthermore, we also, for the first time, explore the potential of enhanced VCD spectroscopy by demonstrating a selective sensing process of chiral mixtures, where the mixing ratio can be successfully differentiated with our proposed chiral metamaterials. Our findings improve the sensing signal of molecules and expand the extractable information, paving the way toward label-free, compact, small-volume chiral molecule detection for stereochemical and clinical diagnosis applications.
Efficient X-ray luminescence imaging with ultrastable and eco-friendly copper(I)-iodide cluster microcubes
Authors: Wang Yanze , Zhao Wenjing , Guo Yuanyuan , Hu Wenbo , Peng Chenxi , Li Lei , Wei Yuan , Wu Zhongbin , Xu Weidong , Li Xiyan , Suh Yung Doug , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe advancement of contemporary X-ray imaging heavily depends on discovering scintillators that possess high sensitivity, robust stability, low toxicity, and a uniform size distribution. Despite significant progress in this field, the discovery of a material that satisfies all of these criteria remains a challenge. In this study, we report the synthesis of monodisperse copper(I)-iodide cluster microcubes as a new class of X-ray scintillators. The as-prepared microcubes exhibit remarkable sensitivity to X-rays and exceptional stability under moisture and X-ray exposure. The uniform size distribution and high scintillation performance of the copper(I)-iodide cluster microcubes make them suitable for the fabrication of large-area, flexible scintillating films for X-ray imaging applications in both static and dynamic settings.