bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bregman dynamics, contact transformations and convex optimization
Authors: Bravetti Alessandro , Daza-Torres Maria L. , Flores-Arguedas Hugo , Betancourt Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent research on accelerated gradient methods of use in optimization has demonstrated that these methods can be derived as discretizations of dynamical systems. This, in turn, has provided a basis for more systematic investigations, especially into the geometric structure of those dynamical systems and their structure-preserving discretizations. In this work, we introduce dynamical systems defined through a contact geometry which are not only naturally suited to the optimization goal but also subsume all previous methods based on geometric dynamical systems. As a consequence, all the deterministic flows used in optimization share an extremely interesting geometric property: they are invariant under contact transformations. In our main result, we exploit this observation to show that the celebrated Bregman Hamiltonian system can always be transformed into an equivalent but separable Hamiltonian by means of a contact transformation. This in turn enables the development of fast and robust discretizations through geometric contact splitting integrators. As an illustration, we propose the Relativistic Bregman algorithm, and show in some paradigmatic examples that it compares favorably with respect to standard optimization algorithms such as classical momentum and Nesterov’s accelerated gradient.
Ultra-Trace Analysis of Fallout Plutonium Isotopes in Soil: Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dowell Sophia M. , Humphrey Olivier S. , Blake William H. , Osano Odipo , Chenery Simon , Watts Michael J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe measurement of isotopic abundances and ratio variations of plutonium can provide important information about the sources and behaviours of radiogenic isotopes in the environment. The detection of ultra-trace isotopes of plutonium is increasing interest in the scientific literature for the determination of soil erosion rates due to their long retention times in the environment. The characteristics of plutonium within the environment make it an ideal tracer for the determination of soil redistribution rates and its robustness presents the opportunity to replace more commonly used radioisotopes such as 137Cesium and 210Lead. However, ultra-trace analysis of plutonium (fg g−1) presents analytical challenges which must be overcome in a variety of soil types. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry has proven valuable for detection of plutonium in a range of environmental samples. However, severe polyatomic interferences from uranium isotopes significantly limits its application. Due to the improvements in detection sensitivity and reaction cell technology, inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry, which is also commonly referred to as triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), has emerged as an exceptional tool for ultra-trace elemental analysis of plutonium isotopes in environmental samples overcoming the limitations of standard quadrupole ICP-MS such as limited sensitivity and cost of analysis. In this review, common methods reported in the literature for the separation and subsequent detection of plutonium isotopes are compared to recent advances in analysis using ICP-MS/MS technology.
Graphical Abstract
Application of the path-repairing technique and virus optimization algorithm for the dimensional synthesis of four-bar mechanisms
Authors: Grabski Jakub Krzysztof , Sopa Martyna , Mrozek Agata 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper considers the synthesis of the four-bar mechanism. It is treated here as an optimization problem, in which an objective function is defined. To solve this problem, a metaheuristic called the virus optimization algorithm is employed. Furthermore, a new path-repairing technique recently published by Sleesongsom and Bureerat is applied instead of the very common technique related to the application of a penalty function. This makes the search by means of the metaheuristic more efficient. Furthermore, the obtained results are very accurate.
Properties, applications, and prospects of carbon nanotubes in the construction industry
Authors: Yang Shengdan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have offered sustainable design options for the built environment and enabled architects to design more flexible architectural forms. Carbon nanotubes have excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties and are useful in a wide range of engineering applications. However, the role of carbon nanotube composites as a functional construction material has large potential and awaits further investigation and exploration. This paper gives an overview of the synthesis and fabrication methods of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube properties, different forms of carbon nanotube composites, and application of carbon nanotubes in the construction industry. To explore the prospects for construction use, the aesthetic, structural, and functional characteristics of several futuristic building projects are discussed. This overview proposes a promising material approach for the application of carbon nanotubes in construction and explains the related opportunities and challenges.
Women farmers and climate change: Empirical evidence from Burkina Faso
Authors: Diendéré Achille Augustin , Ouédraogo Djibril 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the factors influencing women farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to reduce the negative impacts of climate change and the effects of these strategies on household income and food insecurity. A field survey was conducted among 426 women farmers in the Center-North region, which covers 7% of Burkina Faso territory. Descriptive statistics, a multinomial logit model, and a propensity score matching model were used to analyze the data collected. The results of the econometric analysis show that high domestic tasks, type of climate shocks experienced, membership in women’s group, and financial constraints are important determinants of adaptation decisions. Adaptation strategies are also found to have a positive impact on income and a negative impact on household food insecurity. These different findings highlight the need to prioritize flexible adaptation options to improve women farmers’ resilience to climate change, rather than generic solutions.
The effect of low temperature on the Raman spectra of calcium-rich sulfates on Mars
Authors: Huidobro Jennifer , Aramendia Julene , Arana Gorka , Hausrath Elisabeth M. , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRaman spectra (532 nm diode laser) of gypsum, syngenite and görgeyite powders were studied from 273 to 83 K every −10 K. Although it was found that not all the Raman peaks are temperature-sensitive, the effect of temperature on the Raman signal of some bands was modelled. It was observed that the main bands of the three sulfates shift toward higher wavenumbers as temperature decreases. The strengthening of the bonds causes an increase in energy and, consequently, higher wavenumbers. However, –OH bands shift depending on the crystal structure they acquire as the temperature decreases, so not all –OH bands behave in the same way. Finally, the gypsum –OH bands change to more ordered crystalline structures with decreasing temperature, so their bandwidths become narrower and sharper.
Targeting N-cadherin (CDH2) and the malignant bone marrow microenvironment in acute leukaemia
Authors: Parker Jessica , Hockney Sean , Blaschuk Orest W. , Pal Deepali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review discusses current research on acute paediatric leukaemia, the leukaemic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and recently discovered therapeutic opportunities to target leukaemia–niche interactions. The tumour microenvironment plays an integral role in conferring treatment resistance to leukaemia cells, this poses as a key clinical challenge that hinders management of this disease. Here we focus on the role of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin (CDH2) within the malignant BM microenvironment and associated signalling pathways that may bear promise as therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss microenvironment-driven treatment resistance and relapse, and elaborate the role of CDH2-mediated cancer cell protection from chemotherapy. Finally, we review emerging therapeutic approaches that directly target CDH2-mediated adhesive interactions between the BM cells and leukaemia cells.
Bank Influence at a Discount
Authors: Gersbach Hans , Papageorgiou Stylianos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a general equilibrium framework, we show that banks may “buy” political influence at a discount: They offer disproportionately small campaign contributions compared to the influence they exert, thus generating abnormal returns. We distinguish between the direct effect of contributions which, as a cost, reduce bank returns, and the indirect effect of contributions which boost returns via inducing bank-favoring policies. Therefore, abnormal returns may or may not increase with the amount of contributions, depending on which effect dominates: Stricter capital requirements decrease contributions and abnormal returns. When politicians attach more weight to households’ welfare, contributions increase and abnormal returns decrease.
Elevation and cation exchange capacity determine diversity of ferns in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Ecuador
Authors: Michel Jennifer , Lehnert Marcus , Quandt Dietmar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerns (Polypodiophyta) are an abundant floral element of the tropics with high sensitivity to environmental conditions and good indicators of overall biodiversity. Here, we set out to identify which geochemical factors determine fern diversity in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Eastern Ecuador. We conducted a field survey of high-spatial resolution completing a comprehensive fern inventory across two elevational ranges, combined with biochemical characterisation of the underlying soils. While α-diversity was negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and with elevation, β-diversity increased with elevation and with geographic distance, as predicted. Our results confirm that ferns have a high sensitivity to both elevational and environmental gradients, where the latter in this study was derived from enhanced aluminium, iron and calcium contents in some of the studied soils. Further monitoring of fern communities could therefore help to better understand and predict how environmental change may impact biodiversity, with a particular focus on threats potentially arising from toxic elements being released in tropical soils through modified soil CEC.
Economic analyses of repugnant market transactions: a modest typology
Authors: Cserne Péter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEconomic accounts of repugnance concern two broad questions: the rationalisation of sentiments of repugnance (do emotional and visceral reactions of repugnance track valid reasons for not engaging in or condemning certain (trans)actions?) and institutional design (how to institute, regulate, or restrict markets in response to reasonable objections). If repugnance expresses valid practical reasons for regulating or limiting markets, our institutions should acknowledge and express these. If attitudes of repugnance are not rationalisable in the sense of instrumental or moral values, we should disregard or eventually counteract or reduce them. Focusing on a special case of repugnance, when commodification, i.e., the sale of goods or services for money meets societal disapproval, this paper identifies three characteristic ways to combine conceptual, empirical, and normative arguments and map repugnance into a disciplinary ‘epistemic frame’ of economics: repugnance as taste; repugnance as proxy for market failures or moral reasons; repugnance as hypocrisy or contingent cultural fact. Correspondingly, economists advise to (1) work around; (2) make sense of; and (3) explain away people's sentiments of repugnance.
Co‐Located Wind and Temperature Observations at Mid‐Latitudes During Mesospheric Inversion Layer Events
Authors: Mariaccia A. , Keckhut P. , Hauchecorne A. , Khaykin S. , Ratynski M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon is a temperature enhancement (10–50 K) in a vertical layer (∼10 km) lasting several days and spanning thousands of kilometers within the mesosphere. As MILs govern the mesospheric variability, their study is crucial for a better understanding of the middle‐atmosphere global circulation. MIL phenomenon is also important for applications in aeronautics as perturbations in the mesosphere are significant issues for the safe reentry of rockets, space shuttles, or missiles. However, the description of this phenomenon remains incomplete, since no observations of MIL's effects on winds exist, hampering an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. This study investigates simultaneous wind‐temperature observations in the altitude range of 30–90 km during MIL events. Strong winds deceleration occurred in the same altitude range as the temperature inversion, confirming the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms.
New Late Cretaceous and CAMP Magmatic Sources off West Iberia, From High‐Resolution Magnetic Surveys on the Continental Shelf
Authors: Neres Marta , Terrinha Pedro , Noiva João , Brito Pedro , Rosa Marcos , Batista Luis , Ribeiro Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagma‐poor rifted margins can be affected by magmatic occurrences coeval with rifting and post‐rifting. Understanding the geological processes that originated these magmatic events requires determining their extent, type and size of magmatic bodies and tectonics. This work investigates the distribution and origin of two large magmatic events off SW Iberia, the Late Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) and the West Iberia Late Cretaceous Alkaline Province (WILCAP). Marine magnetic data were densely acquired over ∼4,400 km2 and new magnetic maps reveal a complex heterogeneous anomaly field with different anomaly zones. A wide number and variety of magmatic bodies are interpreted, from km‐scale deeply intruded plutons to small plug‐like and dike‐like intrusions. Integration with bathymetry and seismic reflection data allows discussing the geometry, extent and age of the magmatic sources. The Cabo Raso complex is a densely intruded zone related to the WILCAP event. The Sines complex comprises the offshore prolongation of the on‐land Sines WILCAP magmatic rocks but also the newly mapped Côvo and Milfontes anomalies. Côvo is possibly the largest magmatic intrusion recognized in West Iberia. Milfontes intrudes the non‐rifted Paleozoic crust and is the first known evidence of a plutonic source of the CAMP in Iberia. The intrusion of magmatic bodies was mostly controlled by the crustal tectonic fabric inherited from the Paleozoic Variscan orogeny, which was re‐worked during the Mesozoic rifting and the Cenozoic Alpine collision.
Stormflow Response and “Effective” Hydraulic Conductivity of a Degraded Tropical Imperata Grassland Catchment as Evaluated With Two Infiltration Models
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Zhang Jun , Yu Bofu , Chappell Nick A. , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPredicting catchment stormflow responses after tropical deforestation remains difficult. We used 5‐min rainfall and storm runoff data for 30 events to calibrate the Green–Ampt (GA) and the Spatially Variable Infiltration (SVI) models and predict runoff responses for a small, degraded grassland catchment on Leyte Island (the Philippines), where infiltration‐excess overland flow (IOF) is considered the dominant runoff process. SVI replicated individual stormflow hydrographs better than GA, particularly for events with small runoff responses or multiple peaks. Calibrated parameter values of the SVI model (i.e., spatially averaged maximum infiltration capacity, Im and initial abstraction, F0) varied markedly between events, but were statistically significant and negatively correlated with (mid‐slope) soil moisture content at 10 cm (SWC10)—as did the “catchment‐wide effective” hydraulic conductivity (Ke) of the GA model. Using SWC10‐based estimates of F0 and Im in SVI yielded satisfactory to good simulations for 11 out of 17 events with runoff coefficients ≥15%, but failed to reproduce the hydrographs for events with very small runoff amounts (0.25–1 mm) and low runoff coefficients (3%–6%). The median field‐measured near‐surface Ksat (2 mm hr−1) was distinctly lower than the median Im (32 mm hr−1) and, to a lesser extent, Ke (∼8 mm hr−1), suggesting an underestimation of the spatially averaged Ksat by the field measurements. Application of SVI is expected to give the most realistic results for situations where IOF is dominant, that is, where surface conditions are degraded and rainfall intensities high.
Numerical Modeling and Data‐Worth Analysis for Characterizing the Architecture and Dissolution Rates of a Multicomponent DNAPL Source
Authors: Prieto‐Estrada Andres E. , Widdowson Mark A. , Stewart Lloyd D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA numerical solute transport model was calibrated to a high‐resolution monitoring data set to characterize a multicomponent source of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) and evaluate the uncertainty of estimated parameters. The dissolution of NAPL mass was simulated using SEAM3D with parameter zones including adjustable NAPL saturations and mass transfer coefficients, representing the heterogenous architecture of the source zone. Source zone parameters were simultaneously estimated using PEST from aqueous‐phase concentrations measured in a multilevel monitoring transect and from mass recovery rates measured at extraction wells during a controlled field experiment. Data‐worth analyses, facilitated by PEST ancillary software, linked maximum aqueous‐phase concentrations of all compounds to reductions in the pre‐calibration uncertainty of mass transfer coefficients. In turn, decreasing concentrations of the most soluble NAPL fraction constrained the source mass estimation. The accurate estimation of model parameters was possible by removing concentrations measured during early NAPL dissolution stages, identified as drivers of model bias using the iterative ensemble smoother PESTPP‐iES. Although uncertainty analyses highlighted model limitations for representing sub‐grid‐scale heterogeneity of NAPL distribution and mass transfer rates, final stages of NAPL dissolution measured at multilevel ports eliminated parameter bias and produced long‐term projections of multi‐stage source zone depletion. Including mass discharge rates for model calibration further improved the accuracy of estimated residual source mass, complementing multilevel monitoring constraints on the saturation distribution and mass transfer coefficients.
The Increasing Role of Seasonal Rainfall in Western U.S. Summer Streamflow
Authors: Ban Zhaoxin , Li Dongyue , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSummer streamflow variations strongly affect water supply reliability and ecological functioning of western U.S. (WUS) streams. Traditional snow‐based forecasts of summer streamflow are becoming less accurate with warming‐induced reductions in winter snow accumulation. This reflects a rising importance of competing runoff‐generating processes in controlling summer streamflow variations, primarily an increasing role of rainfall in contrast to snowmelt. Here, based on a snowmelt‐rainfall tracking algorithm applied to two hydrological models, we show that cool‐season rainfall provides an important volumetric contribution to summer streamflow for many WUS streams in the current climate, and this contribution will increase under climate warming, especially in years with warm snow droughts and abnormally dry summers. We also show that seasonal rainfall (warm‐/cool‐seasons) dominates the variability of summer streamflow across ∼70% area of WUS. We show that an increasing warm‐season rainfall contribution to summer streamflow (largely replacing snowmelt) results in reduced summer streamflow predictability.
mTOR inhibition suppresses Myc-driven polyposis by inducing immunogenic cell death
Authors: Leibowitz Brian J. , Zhao Guangyi , Xia Wenxin , Wang Yuhan , Ruan Hang , Zhang Lin , Yu Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMyc is a key driver of colorectal cancer initiation and progression, but remains a difficult drug target. In this study, we show that mTOR inhibition potently suppresses intestinal polyp formation, regresses established polyps, and prolongs lifespan of APCMin/+ mice. Everolimus in diet strongly reduces p-4EBP1, p-S6, and Myc levels, and induces apoptosis of cells with activated β-catenin (p-S552) in the polyps on day 3. The cell death is accompanied by ER stress, activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, innate immune cell recruitment, and followed by T-cell infiltration on day 14 persisting for months thereafter. These effects are absent in normal intestinal crypts with physiologic levels of Myc and a high rate of proliferation. Using normal human colonic epithelial cells, EIF4E S209A knockin and BID knockout mice, we found that local inflammation and antitumor efficacy of Everolimus requires Myc-dependent induction of ER stress and apoptosis. These findings demonstrate mTOR and deregulated Myc as a selective vulnerability of mutant APC-driven intestinal tumorigenesis, whose inhibition disrupts metabolic and immune adaptation and reactivates immune surveillance necessary for long-term tumor control.
HNF1A binds and regulates the expression of SLC51B to facilitate the uptake of estrone sulfate in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells
Authors: Chan Jun Wei , Neo Claire Wen Ying , Ghosh Soumita , Choi Hyungwon , Lim Su Chi , Tai E. Shyong , Teo Adrian Kee Keong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenal defects in maturity onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3) patients and Hnf1a-/- mice suggest an involvement of HNF1A in kidney development and/or its function. Although numerous studies have leveraged on Hnf1α-/- mice to infer some transcriptional targets and function of HNF1A in mouse kidneys, species-specific differences obviate a straightforward extrapolation of findings to the human kidney. Additionally, genome-wide targets of HNF1A in human kidney cells have yet to be identified. Here, we leveraged on human in vitro kidney cell models to characterize the expression profile of HNF1A during renal differentiation and in adult kidney cells. We found HNF1A to be increasingly expressed during renal differentiation, with peak expression on day 28 in the proximal tubule cells. HNF1A ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) performed on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids identified its genome-wide putative targets. Together with a qPCR screen, we found HNF1A to activate the expression of SLC51B, CD24, and RNF186 genes. Importantly, HNF1A-depleted human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and MODY3 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids expressed lower levels of SLC51B. SLC51B-mediated estrone sulfate (E1S) uptake in proximal tubule cells was abrogated in these HNF1A-deficient cells. MODY3 patients also exhibit significantly higher excretion of urinary E1S. Overall, we report that SLC51B is a target of HNF1A responsible for E1S uptake in human proximal tubule cells. As E1S serves as the main storage form of nephroprotective estradiol in the human body, lowered E1S uptake and increased E1S excretion may reduce the availability of nephroprotective estradiol in the kidneys, contributing to the development of renal disease in MODY3 patients.