bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Material Modeling for Mechanical Characterization of 3-D Printed PLA Polymer With Different Infill Densities
Authors: Afshar Reza , Jeanne Simon , Abali Bilen Emek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn additive manufacturing, also called 3-D printing, one of widely used materials is polylactide thermoplastic polymer (PLA) by means of the fused deposition modeling. For weight reduction purposes, infill density is an often used feature in slicing for 3-D printing. We aim at investigating the effect of infill density on the mechanical properties of structures. Therefore, we demonstrate how to prepare tensile specimens and test them by a universal testing machine. Results are collected by a so-called digital image correlation method. As infill density increases, from 10% to 100%, the nominal strain at break decreases from about 2.1% to 1.2%, respectively. In other words, the material becomes more ductile by decreasing the infill density of PLA material, which is possible to justify with an effect of the microstructure created by the infill density. Furthermore, we discuss a possible material model fitting all the presented results and report that a hyperelastic material model is needed for the PLA. We utilize Neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin, and Yeoh models, all for different infill densities. All three models show a fairly good agreement to the experimental data. Neo-Hookean model has an advantage of only one parameter, which increases monotonously with infill density.
Ductility-strength and strength-ductility relations for a constant yield displacement seismic design procedure
Authors: da Silva Andréia H. A. , Tsiavos Anastasios , Stojadinović Božidar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe modern engineering approach to design of structures exposed to rare but intense earthquakes allows for their inelastic response. Models and tools to rapidly but accurately assess the extent of the inelastic response of the structure and control its performance are, therefore, essential. We develop a closed-form$$\upmu -R^{*}-S_{d,y}$$μ-R∗-Sd,yrelation between the ductility$$\upmu $$μand the strength reduction factorR*, as well as its approximate inverseR*-$$\upmu $$μ-Sd,yrelation, both functions of the SDOF oscillator yield displacementSd,y, not its vibration periodT. The fundamental vibration period of the structure varies during the iterative design process focused on modifying its strength. However, the yield displacement of the structure is practically invariant with respect to the strength of the structure, as it depends primarily on its geometry and material properties. We use these relations to formulate a constant yield displacement seismic design procedure and exemplify it. Noting the structure of the developed relations, we use dimensional analysis to formulate a version of the ductility-strength and strength-ductility relations that are dimensionless and independent of the seismic hazard intensity. These novel, dimensionless master relations are the$$\upmu $$μ-R*-H/B-$$\upkappa $$κductility-strength and theR*-$$\upmu $$μ-H/B-$$\upkappa $$κstrength-ductility relations.
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Internalising Symptoms in Children and Adolescents When Delivered in Routine Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wuthrich Viviana M. , Zagic Dino , Dickson Sophie J. , McLellan Lauren F. , Chen Jessamine T.-H. , Jones Michael P. , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions for internalising disorders in youth when delivered in routine settings. Secondary aims were to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and determine moderators of treatment response. The study was pre-registered (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020202776). Databases were systematically searched (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, PubMed, ERIC) in December 2022 and screened according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Inclusion: School aged participants (4–18 years) with a primary internalising disorder; psychotherapy delivered in a routine setting (e.g. outpatient clinic, school) by setting staff; compared psychotherapy to any control in a randomised controlled trial; reported pre-to-post or pre-to-follow-up comparisons on the primary disorder according to child, parent or independent evaluator report; and was published in English. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROB 2.0 Cochrane tool. Results were synthesised using random effects to pool estimates. Risk ratios were used to analyse dichotomous data and standardised mean differences (SMD) for continuous data. Forty-five studies were included (N = 4901 participants; M = 13 years; range 8–16; SD = 2.5). Nine used waitlist control, 17 treatment as usual, 4 placebo; 15 compared psychotherapy to active control. Psychotherapy was associated with small significant effects pre- to post-treatment compared to non-active controls for anxiety (SMD =  − 0.24 to 0.50) and depression (SMD =  − 0.19 to 0.34) with effects differing by informant. Psychotherapy led to small significant pre-to-post-benefits in youth internalising disorders in routine settings. Results are limited by reporter type and follow-up.
Internal IT modularity, firm size, and adoption of cloud computing
Authors: Guo Rui , Tafti Ali , Subramanyam Ramanath 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cloud computing has achieved great commercial success to date, but its associated risks may impede firms from adopting it more effectively. This paper addresses the issue from the perspective of firms that use cloud computing and argues that the modularization of firms’ internal IT systems play an important role in enabling their adoption of cloud services. We performed detailed empirical analyses employing a dataset containing 457 firms classified as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large enterprises. Our empirical results mainly suggest that internal IT modularity aimed for organization-wide, top-down strategic business transformation can help firms better adopt application-level cloud services regardless of their firm size. Bottom-up non-strategic internal IT modularity siloed in individual projects can foster the use of server-level cloud services for SMEs, but not for large enterprises. Our findings reveal support for the general prior understanding of (a) the negative effect of internal IT expenditure and cloud-based software’s quality and risk concerns on application-level cloud adoption, and (b) the positive effect of perceived benefits of cloud-based software on application-level cloud adoption for both SMEs and large enterprises. Finally, when SMEs develop more custom Web services in house, they tend to adopt fewer server-level cloud services externally. The theoretical development and empirical analysis of the effect of IT modularity and firm size on cloud adoption contribute to our understanding of how firms can be more internally ready to use cloud computing effectively.
On the spread and evolution of dead methods in Java desktop applications: an exploratory study
Authors: Caivano Danilo , Cassieri Pietro , Romano Simone , Scanniello Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground.Dead code is a code smell. It can refer to code blocks, fields, methods, etc. that are unused and/or unreachable—e.g., if a method is unused and/or unreachable, it is a dead method. Past research has shown that the presence of dead code in source code harms its comprehensibility and maintainability. Nevertheless, there is still little empirical evidence on the spread of this code smell in the source code of commercial and open-source software applications.Aims.Our goal is to gather, through an exploratory study, empirical evidence on the spread and evolution of dead methods in open-source Java desktop applications.Method.We quantitatively analyzed the commit histories of 23 open-source Java desktop applications, whose software projects were hosted onGitHub. To investigate the spread and evolution of dead methods, we focused on dead methods detected at a commit level. The total number of analyzed commits in our study is 1,587. The perspective of our exploratory study is that of both practitioners and researchers.Results.We can summarize the most important take-away results as follows:(i)dead methods affect open-source Java desktop applications;(ii)dead methods generally survive for a long time before being “buried” or “revived;”(iii)dead methods that are then revived tend to survive less, as compared to dead methods that are then buried;(iv)dead methods are rarely revived; and(v)most dead methods are stillborn, rather than becoming dead later. Given the exploratory nature of our study, we believe that its results will help researchers to conduct more resource- and time-demanding research on dead methods and, in general, on dead code.Conclusions.We can conclude that developers should carefully handle dead code (and thus dead methods) since it is harmful, widespread, rarely revived, and survives for a long time in software applications.
Responses in fast-spiking interneuron firing rates to parameter variations associated with degradation of perineuronal nets
Authors: Hanssen Kine Ødegård , Grødem Sverre , Fyhn Marianne , Hafting Torkel , Einevoll Gaute T. , Ness Torbjørn Vefferstad , Halnes Geir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe perineuronal nets (PNNs) are sugar coated protein structures that encapsulate certain neurons in the brain, such as parvalbumin positive (PV) inhibitory neurons. As PNNs are theorized to act as a barrier to ion transport, they may effectively increase the membrane charge-separation distance, thereby affecting the membrane capacitance. Tewari et al. (2018) found that degradation of PNNs induced a 25%-50% increase in membrane capacitance $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

and a reduction in the firing rates of PV-cells. In the current work, we explore how changes in $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

affects the firing rate in a selection of computational neuron models, ranging in complexity from a single compartment Hodgkin-Huxley model to morphologically detailed PV-neuron models. In all models, an increased $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

lead to reduced firing, but the experimentally reported increase in $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

was not alone sufficient to explain the experimentally reported reduction in firing rate. We therefore hypothesized that PNN degradation in the experiments affected not only $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

, but also ionic reversal potentials and ion channel conductances. In simulations, we explored how various model parameters affected the firing rate of the model neurons, and identified which parameter variations in addition to $$c_\text {m}$$

c
m

that are most likely candidates for explaining the experimentally reported reduction in firing rate.
Analysis of peri-implant bone defects by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): an integrative review
Authors: Costa J. A. , Mendes J. M. , Salazar F. , Pacheco J. J. , Rompante P. , Câmara M. I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to perform an integrative review of the inspection of peri-implant bone defects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). An electronic search was performed in the PubMed database using the following scientific terms: CBCT or Cone Beam computed tomography; dental implant; peri-implant; bone loss; defects. The survey identified 267 studies, of which 18 were considered relevant to this study. These studies provided important data taking into account the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in the detection and measurement of peri-implant bone defects such as fenestrations, dehiscence and intraosseous circumferential defects. The effectiveness of CBCT in aiding in geometric bone calculations and in the diagnosis of peri-implant defects was influenced by factors such as artefacts, defect size, bone wall thickness, implant material, adjustment of acquisition parameters and observer experience. A not insignificant number of studies compared intraoral radiography to CBCT in the detection of peri-implant bone loss. CBCT was clearly superior to intraoral radiography in the detection of all peri-implant bone defects, except for defects located in the interproximal zone. In general, studies have shown that peri-implant bone measurements adjacent to the implant surface can be correctly determined, as well as the diagnosis of peri-implant bone defects with an average discrepancy of less than 1 mm from the actual measurement of the defect.
Effects of environmental concentrations of caffeine on adult zebrafish behaviour: a short-term exposure scenario
Authors: Santos Niedja , Picolo Victor , Domingues Inês , Perillo Vitória , Villacis Rolando A.R. , Grisolia Cesar Koppe , Oliveira Miguel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCaffeine (CAF) has been considered an emerging environmental contaminant and its presence indicator of anthropogenic contamination. This study evaluated the effects of environmental concentrations of CAF (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 300 μg. L−1) on the behaviour of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after 7 days of exposure. The components of feeding, locomotion, boldness (new tank test), sociability (schooling test), and aggression (mirror test) were analysed. Growth rate and weight were investigated as complementary measures. CAF (0.5, 1.5, and 300 μg. L−1) reduced exploratory behaviour in zebrafish, increased feeding latency time (1.5, and 300 μg. L−1), and decreased growth rate and fish weight (300 μg. L−1). CAF also induced aggressive behaviour (0.5, 1.5, and 300 μg. L−1) and decreased appetence to the shoal (sociability) (0.5, and 1.5 μg. L−1). This study showed that low doses of CAF can induce behavioural effects in zebrafish that may have significant long-term impacts on vital ecological functions.
Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and term low birth weight: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Chen Yuanmei , Liu Die , Ye Fang , Sun Qi , Huang Qiang , Dong Jing , Pei Tao , He Yuan , Zhang Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the relationships between maternal particulate matter exposure and offspring birth weight. Studies were categorized into three subgroups: term low birth weight (TLBW) among full-term births and all births (regardless of gestational age) and low birth weight (LBW) among all births, based on the search results of MEDLINE and the Web of Science from the inception of the database to April 2022. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the economic status, region, exposure assessment, risk of bias, and adjustment. Sixty-one studies involving 34,506,975 singleton live births in 15 countries were analyzed. Overall, the risk of bias for most studies (75%) was low. In 39 of 47 term birth studies, the pooled odds ratio of TLBW among term births for per interquartile range (IQR) increases throughout the entire pregnancy was 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) for PM2.5 and 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) for PM10 after adjustment for covariates. No significant relevance was detected across each trimester period for PM2.5. A stronger effect was observed during the second trimester (1.03, 1.01 to 1.06) for PM10. There was no increased risk of TLBW in all births associated with IQR increases in PM2.5 and PM10. LBW was associated with PM2.5 exposure in 4 of 7 studies, but statistical heterogeneity was considerable. In the TLBW subgroup analysis, the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 were both greater in studies conducted in advanced countries, studies with low bias, and studies that adjusted for maternal age, infant sex, and parity. Stronger effects were present for PM2.5 exposure collected from monitoring stations and PM10 exposure interpolated from the inverse distance weighting model. TLBW may be associated with prenatal exposure to particulate matter, but no critical windows were identified. Stronger associations were observed in advanced countries. Future original study designs need to consider the impact of different exposure assessment modalities and all possible confounding factors.
Immunomodulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Fan Xuehui , Liu Yingchun , Jie Pingping , Mazhar Maryam , Liu Yong , Dechsupa Nathupakorn , Wang Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as highly promising cells for allogeneic cell therapy, owing to their multipotent nature and ability to display potent and varied functions in different diseases. The functions of MSCs, including native immunomodulation, high self-renewal characteristic, and secretory and trophic properties, can be employed to improve the immune-modulatory functions in diseases. MSCs impact most immune cells by directly contacting and/or secreting positive microenvironmental factors to influence them. Previous studies have reported that the immunomodulatory role of MSCs is basically dependent on their secretion ability from MSCs. This review discusses the immunomodulatory capabilities of MSCs and the promising strategies to successfully improve the potential utilization of MSCs in clinical research.Graphical Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)—features and forensic considerations
Authors: Byard Roger , Tiemensma Marianne , Buckland Michael E. , Vink Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition, in which the only known cause is exposure to repeated episodes of blunt head trauma. It most often occurs in professional and amateur athletes who have had frequent and repetitive cranial impacts during contact sports, but may also be found in victims of domestic violence, military personnel exposed to explosive devices and in individuals with severe epilepsy. The pathognomonic pathological findings are of neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles in the depths of the cerebral sulci caused by perivascular accumulation of phosphorylated Tau (pTau). Cases may be high profile requiring an evaluation of whether the neuropathological findings of CTE can be related to injuries previously sustained on the sporting field. Failure to examine the brain or to adequately sample appropriate areas at autopsy may lead to cases being overlooked and to an underestimation of the incidence of this condition in the community. Performing immunohistochemical staining for pTau in three areas from the neocortex has been found to be a useful screening tool for CTE. Ascertaining whether there is a history of head trauma, including exposure to contact sports, as a standard part of forensic clinical history protocols will help identify at-risk individuals so that Coronial consideration of the need for brain examination can be appropriately informed. Repetitive head trauma, particularly from contact sport, is being increasingly recognized as a cause of significant preventable neurodegeneration.
Cryopreventive temperatures prior to chemotherapy
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Camci E. , Khairallah L. , Jontell M. , Walladbegi J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe superiority of oral cryotherapy (OC) for prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) has been demonstrated in several trials. In clinical settings, cooling is usually initiated prior to the chemotherapy infusion. It then continues during the infusion, and for a period after the infusion has been completed. While the cooling period post-infusion depends on the half-life of the chemotherapeutic drug, there is no consensus on when cooling should be initiated prior to the infusion. The lowest achieved temperature in the oral mucosa is believed to provide the best condition for OM prevention. Given this, it was of interest to investigate when along the course of intraoral cooling this temperature is achieved. In total, 20 healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each subject attended three separate cooling sessions of 30 min each, with ice chips (IC) and the intraoral cooling device (ICD) set to 8 and 15 °C, respectively. At baseline and following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min of cooling, intraoral temperatures were registered using a thermographic camera. The greatest drop in intraoral temperature was seen after 5 min of cooling with IC, ICD8°C and ICD15°C, respectively. A statistically significant difference, corresponding to 1.4 °C, was seen between IC and the ICD15°C (p < 0.05). The intraoral temperature further declined throughout the 30 min of cooling, showing an additional temperature reduction of 3.1, 2.2, and 1.7 °C for IC, ICD8°C and ICD15°C, respectively.
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with dose-adjusted ultra-hypofractionated re-irradiation in patients with locoregionally recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: Koukourakis Ioannis M. , Giakzidis Axiotis G. , Koukourakis Michael I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with recurrent inoperable squamous-cell head-neck cancer (HNSCC) after chemo-radiotherapy have an ominous prognosis. Re-irradiation can be applied with some efficacy and high toxicity rates. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is effective in 25% of patients. Immunogenic death produced by large radiotherapy (RT) fractions may enhance immune response.

Materials and methods
We evaluated the efficacy and tolerance of ultra-hypofractionated immuno-radiotherapy (uhypo-IRT) in 17 patients with recurrent HNSCC and 1 with melanoma. Four of HNSCC patients also had oligometastatic disease. Using a dose/time/toxicity-based algorithm, 7, 7 and 4 patients received 1, 2 and 3 fractions of 8 Gy to the tumor, respectively. Nivolumab anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was administered concurrently with RT and continued for 24 cycles, or until disease progression or manifestation of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Results
Early and late RT toxicities were minimal. Three patients developed irAEs (16%). After the 12th cycle, 7/17 (41.2%) and 5/17 (29.4%) patients with HNSCC showed complete (CR) and partial response (PR), respectively. CR was also achieved in the melanoma patient. The objective response rates in HNSCC patients were 57%, 86% and 66%, after 1, 2 and 3 fractions, respectively (overall response rate 70.6%). Most responders experienced an increase in peripheral lymphocyte counts. The median time to progression was 10 months. The 3-year projected locoregional progression-free survival was 35%, while the 3-year disease-specific overall survival was 50%.

Conclusions
Anti-PD1 uhypo-IRT is safe and effective in patients with recurrent HNSCC. The high objective response rates and the long survival without evidence of disease support further trials on uhypo-IRT.
Body shame and problematic social networking sites use: the mediating effect of perfectionistic self-presentation style and body image control in photos
Authors: Fioravanti Giulia , Bocci Benucci Sara , Vinciarelli Viola , Casale Silvia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that body shame and body image control in photos are associated with Problematic Social Networking Sites Use. The current study aims to build upon previous evidence by examining the role of perfectionistic self-presentation in the relationship between body shame, on the one hand, and body image control in photos and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use, on the other hand. The sample included 695 participants (%F = 61.29; Mage = 21.01 ± 5.05; age range = 14–30). The hypothesized serial mediation effect of perfectionistic self-presentation style and body image control in photos in the association between body shame and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use was significant (indirect effect = 0.05; 95% CI: [0.02, 0.07] for young women; indirect effect = 0.02; 95% CI: [0.002, 0.04] for young men). The present study contributes toward the understanding of the possible predictors of Problematic Social Networking Sites Use and leads novel findings in the field of self-objectification research. Regardless of gender, young people who feel ashamed of their body may develop a perfectionistic self-presentation (by promoting a perfect image and hiding imperfections) as compensatory strategy. However, the gratification of the need for self-presentation through body image control in Social Networks photos activities could in turn lead to Problematic Social Networking Sites Use.