bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay for the P2 protein of bovine peripheral nerve myelin.
Authors: Sarvas H O , Milek D J , Weise M J , Carnow T B , Fudenberg H H , Brostoff S W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The P2 protein of bovine nerve root myelin was radiolabeled with 125I in homogeneous solution by the chloramine-T method and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 to obtain monomeric 125I-P2. Antigen-antibody complexes were isolated by the silica gel, double antibody, or polyethylene glycol techniques by using rabbit antibody to P2. As little as 1 ng/ml P2 could be detected. The RIA was used to measure the P2 content in nerve tissue and isolated myelin. The presence of P2 in spinal cord as well as in the peripheral nervous system was confirmed. Peptides isolated by CNBr digestion of the P2 protein were tested in the RIA. CN-1, comprising 80 to 90 residues from the interior of the molecule displayed complete immunologic cross-reactivity with intact P2. Neither CN-2, representing 18 amino acids from the COOH terminal, nor CN-3, representing 20 amino acids from the NH2 terminal, showed cross-reactivity. Since the major determinant for experimental allergic neuritis in the rabbit is located in peptide CN-2, our present data suggest that the major neuritogen and the major determinant(s) for humoral antibody response in this species may be at different locations within the P2 molecule.
Concentration of IgG1 and IgG2a allotypes in serum of nude and normal allotype-congenic mice.
Authors: Bosma G C , Owen J , Easton G , Marshall G , Dewitt C , Bosma M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c (C) and C57BL/6 (B6) allotype--congenic strains of mice (C, C.B, B6, B6.C) were made congenitally anthymic by the introduction of the mutant nude gene (nu). The resulting nude mice (C.nu, C.B.nu, B6.nu and B6.C.nu) were found to produce highly variable quantities of IgG1 and IgG2a. Whether these mice showed high, normal, or low quantities of IgG1 or IgG2a relative to their normal counterparts depended on their age and genetic background. In all nude mice, IgG1 production appeared more sensitive to the loss of T cells than did IgG2a production. An extreme example of this was the deficiency of IgG1 but not IgG2a in adult B6.nu and B6.C.nu mice. Substantial quantities of both IgG1 and IgG2a were found in adult C.nu and C.B.nu mice.
Cytotoxic T cells generated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. I. Primary autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Authors: Tomonari K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of the culture of an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), T cells proliferated in response to autologous non-T cells, and differentiated to cytotoxic T cells (AMLR killers). DNA synthesis was necessary to generate AMLR killers, as the elimination of autoreactive proliferating cells with BUdR and UV light completely abrogated AMLR killer cytolysis. Amlr killers lysed various lymphoid cell lines, including autologous B cell lines, autologous or allogeneic mitogen blasts stimulated by Con A, PHA, or pokeweed mitogen, variious nonlymphoid cell lines derived from human, mouse, or rat, and weakly normal autologous or allogeneic non-T cells. KMT-17, methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma, was the only resistant cell line to have been tested. AMLR killers had characteristics similar to NK cells, Major histocompatibility antigens were not the target antigens for AMLR killers. AMLR killers distinguished the blasts stimulated by alloantigens as self from the blasts stimulated by mitogens as non-self.
Hybridoma autoantibodies to DNA.
Authors: Andrzejewski C , Stollar B D , Lalor T M , Schwartz R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MRL/1 mice develop a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus and spontaneously produce high levels of autoantibodies to DNA. Spleen cells from these animals were used as fusion partners to prepare hybridomas that produce autoantibodies to DNA. Since exogenous immunization was not employed, the hybridoma antibodies were derived from populations of B cells that spontaneously produced autoantibodies. Each hybridoma autoantibody had a distinctive binding specificity with S-DNA, N-DNA, or oligonucleotides.
Therapy of leukemia by nonimmune syngeneic spleen cells.
Authors: Cheever M A , Greenberg P D , Fefer A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In previous studies mice bearing an established transplanted syngeneic leukemia were cured by the adoptive transfer of immune lymphoid cells inoculated as an adjunct to chemotherapy, whereas nonimmune cells had no effect. By employing a smaller initial tumor inoculum to enhance the sensitivity of the chemoimmunotherapy model, the current study demonstrated that cells from normal nonimmune donors can also eradicate tumor. Thus, adult BALB/c mice given a lethal dose (1 x 10(4)) of LSTRA on day 0 were treated on day 5 with cyclophosphamide (CY) alone or CY plus nonimmune cells. Untreated mice all died by day 10. Cy alone prolonged median survival time (MST) to day 20, but all mice died. Treatment with CY plus 1 x 10(7) nonimmune cells prolonged the MST to day 26 and cured 16 of 48 mice. The effector cells, present in the spleens of normal and nude mice, were nonadherent lymphocytes resistant to anti Thy + C. These results are consistent with this effector cell in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy being an NK cell. However, they are distinct from classical NK cells since they are not directly cytotoxic in vitro in a short term CRA and do not neutralize tumor in vivo in a Winn assay.
Analysis of the heterogeneity of the mouse H-2K, D, and L gene products.
Authors: Krakauer T , Hansen T H , Camerini-Otero R D , Sachs D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The detection and partial characterization of the major histocompatibility antigens encoded by the three H-2 loci, K, D, and L were performed by analyzing immunoprecipitates from detergent-solubilized radiolabeled cells on two-dimensional gels. Each locus was found to code for a population of proteins heterogeneous in both charge and m.w. Only part of the heterogeneity was shown to be due to sialylation as demonstrated by shifts in mobility after neuraminidase treatment of antigen preparations. The 2-D gel analysis of the H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L antigens of the d haplotype shows that each constitutes a distinct series of products.
Multiple myeloma: an immunologic profile. Cytotoxic and suppressive effects of the EA rosette-forming cell.
Authors: Paglieroni T , Mackenzie M R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphoid cells bearing receptors for human IgG anti-Rh antibody but not otherwise identifiable as T or B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of human multiple myeloma patients. These cells do not demonstrate surface immunoglobulin, do not secrete immunoglobulin in culture after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen, and do not possess receptors for the third component of complement. They do not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, and do not respond to known T cell mitogens. These cells are not phagocytic and do not possess demonstrable nonspecific esterase. Thus, they must be considered at present, members of the "third population" lymphoid cells. These cells are active in the cytotoxic response by myeloma peripheral blood lymphocytes to myeloma plasma cells accounting for approximately 60% of such activity. They are also responsible for part of the suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin production, and at equivalent suppressor to target cell ratios are more active than immunoregulatory monocytes. Thus, these cells play an important, not previously widely appreciated role in the pathophysiology of the human myeloma patient.
Detection and characterization of membrane antigens of Toxoplasma gondii.
Authors: Handman E , Goding J W , Remington J S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were surface radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique, and the solubilized membrane proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four major labeled proteins with apparent m.w. of 43,000, 35,000, 27,000, and 14,000 were detected. None of the radioiodinated proteins bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose. When a panel of eight different fluorescein-conjugated lectins was used in an attempt to characterize further the nature of the cell membrane, none of the lectins bound to intact tachyzoites. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis did not reveal any significant differences among three different strains of Toxoplasma. Each of the radioiodinated surface proteins was precipitable by sera from mice chronically infected with the same strain as well as by a series of sera from mice infected with other strains. Sera from humans with acute Toxoplasma infection showed more variability in that some precipitated all labeled proteins whereas others precipitated only two or three of them. Monoclonal antibodies (2G11 and 3E6) prepared by hybridization of spleen cells from Toxoplasma-immune mice with myeloma cells consistently precipitated both the solubilized 35,000 and 14,000 dalton proteins, whereas 1E3 precipitated the 43,000-dalton protein and 1E11 the 27,000-dalton protein.
Natural regulatory cells in murine bone marrow: inhibition of in vitro proliferative and cytotoxic responses to alloantigens.
Authors: Dorshkind K , Klimpel G R , Rosse C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A lymphocyte-enriched fraction of murine bone marrow (BML), obtained by sucrose density fractionation, contains natural regulatory cells that can profoundly suppress the proliferative and cytotoxic response of syngeneic lymph node cells to irradiated alloantigens in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). A close correlation exists between the inhibition of alloantigen-induced proliferation and the generation of cytotoxic effectors. The suppression of proliferation is dependent on the dose of BML added to the cultures but is not due to cell crowding, since red blood cells, thymocytes, and irradiated splenocytes, all syngeneic to the lymph node responders, do not inhibit proliferation to the degree observed with BML. The addition of BML to cultures does not cause the maximum proliferative response to change from the usual day 5 peak, indicating that there is no change in culture kinetics. The release of nonradioactive thymidine by BML cannot explain the suppression. The target of suppression is maximally affected during the first 24 hr of culture, since adding BML to MLC later than this resulted in negligible inhibition of proliferation. Thus, the natural regulatory cell-mediated suppression reflects inhibition of "early" events in the proliferative response to alloantigens.
Genetic control of the immune response to ferredoxin: linkage and mapping of T cell proliferation and antibody production genes to the MHC of mice.
Authors: Sikora L K , Levy J G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetics of the immune response in the mouse were studied by using the antigenically simple, stable, naturally occurring protein ferredoxin (Fd) from Clostridium pasteurianum. The immune status of mice primed and boosted with Fd was assessed by using two parameters of immunity: T cell proliferation and serum antibody production with the ELISA method. In both assay systems, the response has been shown to be H-2 linked: k, b, and s haplotypes respond to Fd, and H-2d mice are nonresponders. It is apparent that different immunoregulatory events modulate the response in the responder strains; these factors become evident in the recombinant analysis of the response and to date an immunoregulatory gene(s) has been mapped to at least the K/I-A subregions. F1 analysis demonstrated a gene dose-dependent response of the strains studied.
Lymphoid procoagulant activity and mitogenesis in the C3H/HeJ mouse: discordant response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
Authors: Levy G A , Edgington T S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphoid cells from the C3H/HeJ mouse respond abnormally to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a number of in vitro functions. Abnormalities in both macrophage and lymphocyte populations have been suggested. In the present study, splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from C3H/HeJ, C3H/St, A/J, and BALB/c mice, and analyzed for mitogenesis and induction of procoagulant activity (PCA) by LPS prepared by either phenol or butanol extraction methods. All strains responded vigorously with resultant increased 3H thymidine uptake to Con A and PHA, and all but the C3H/HeJ responded well to butanol or phenol extracted LPS. However, the C3H/HeJ was unresponsive to phenol-extracted LPS and exhibited a poor but significant response to butanol-extracted LPS. In contrast, lymphoid cells from all strains, including the C3H/HeJ, exhibited a marked and equal increase of PCA in response to both phenol- and butanol-extracted LPS by using both splenic and peripheral blood lymphoid cells. The results obtained indicate that although the C3H/HeJ mouse may be unresponsive to a number of LPS-stimulated functions, there is no associated defect in PCA generation, a lymphocyte collaboration-dependent event.
Histocompatibility-2 system in wild mice. X. Frequencies of H-2 and Ia antigens in wild mice from Europe and Africa.
Authors: Götze D , Nadeau J , Wakeland E K , Berry R J , Bonhomme F , Egorov I K , Hjorth J P , Hoogstraal H , Vives J , Winking H , Klein J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, data are presented on serologic H-2 typing of 320 wild mice collected in several parts of Europe and Egypt. The sample was typed for 39 class I (K, D) and 16 class II (Ia) antigens. The phenotype frequencies of class I and class II antigens showed high variability in their distribution among different areas, ranging from absence or presence in low frequency in one area to presence in about one-half of the mice in another area. The average phenotypic frequency of class I private antigens was 6.3%; at least 60% of class I alleles (blanks) could not be identified with the available reagents. The data suggest that there might be more than 100 alleles for each class I locus, H-2K and H-2D. The average phenotypic frequencies of Ia-1 private antigens was 10.8%. About 75% of Ia-1 alleles (blanks) could not be identified. The number of Ia-1 alleles was estimated to be in the range of 20 to 50.
Inherited 7S immunoglobulin deficiency in chickens: presence of suppressor T cells that suppress synthesis of 7S immunoglobulin but not IgM.
Authors: Chanh T C , Benedict A A , Tam L Q , Abplanalp H , Gershwin M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
University of California (UCD) line 140 chickens, previously described to have an inherited 7S Ig deficiency and dysgammaglobulinemia associated with early bursal defects, and autoimmune phenomena were examined for the presence of suppressor cells. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated UCD 140 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to synthesize IgM but not 7S Ig. In co-culture, UCD 140 PBL specifically inhibited 7S Ig but not IgM synthesis of PWM-stimulated PBL from normal birds. Normal 7S Ig synthesis usually was suppressed 40 to 80%, although PBL from some normal birds were not suppressible. Adoptive transfer of UCD 140 spleen cells to normal chicks resulted in early and transient decreased serum 7S Ig levels. Homology at the B locus (major histocompatibility complex) was not required for suppression. Higher levels of suppressor cells were found in UCD 140 than in normal birds as early as 13 days of age. The suppressor cells were found to be T cells as indicated by inactivation with anti-T antiserum but not with anti-B antiserum, and by suppression associated with T cell fractions obtained by nylon wool fractionation. UCD 140 B cells, obtained by nylon wool fractionation, were stimulated with PWM to synthesize 7S Ig when provided with normal T cells. These findings are discussed with particular reference to early bursal anomalies.
Aggregated human gamma-globulin-induced proliferation and polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes.
Authors: Morgan E L , Weigle W O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine splenic B lymphocytes are stimulated to proliferate and undergo polyclonal activation in the presence of heat-aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHGG). Splenic macrophages are required to generate the proliferative and polyclonal antibody responses. The polyclonal response as opposed to the proliferative response is dependent upon the presence of T lymphocytes. The stimulatory molecule responsible for the AHGG-induced proliferative and polyclonal activation is derived from incubation of AHGG with splenic macrophages. The biologically active moiety is derived from the Fc portion of the HGG molecule and is approximately 14,000 m.w. The method of aggregation is critical for the generation of stimulatory HGG preparations. Heat aggregation is the only method produced a biologically active preparation
Idiopathic paraproteinemia. III. Increased frequency of paraproteinemia in thymectomized aging C57BL/KaLwRij and CBA/BrARij mice.
Authors: Radl J , de Glopper E , van den Berg P , van Zwieten M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influence of thymectomy on the appearance of idiopathic paraproteinemia (IP) during aging was investigated in mice of the C57BL/KaLwRij and the CBA/BrARij strains, which under normal conditions develop IP in high and low frequency, respectively. Compared with sham-thymectomized mice, C57BL mice thymectomized at a young adult age showed a markedly increased frequency and an earlier onset of IP during aging; this was even more pronounced in neonatally thymectomized mice. A similar effect of thymectomy was also observed in mice of the CBA strain. Restriction in the heterogeneity of the serum immunoglobulins and the appearance of transient homogeneous Ig components was another frequent finding and this often preceded the appearance of IP in mice of both strains. Thymectomy did not substantially influence either the incidence of paraproteinemias due to a B cell malignancy or the isotype distribution among the paraproteins produced. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that IP develops in three stages as a consequence of an age-related immunnodeficiency that primarily affects the T immune system.
Ia antigen turnover. II. The kinetics of biosynthesis and release of Ia alpha- and beta-chains by murine spleen cells in culture.
Authors: Emerson S G , Murphy D B , Cone R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of biosynthesis, release, and turnover of Ia antigens were determined by 3H-leucine labeling, immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis. Continuous incorporation and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the half-life of the total cell Ia pool was 8 hr, with radiolabeled Ia antigens released from the cell within 4 hr of culture initiation. Both Ia alpha- and beta-chains were released by the cells. I-A antigen turnover was more rapid than I-E antigen turnover. However, detailed comparison of I-A and I-E alpha- and beta-chain biosynthesis demonstrated that the E beta (Ae) chains were synthesized more rapidly than E alpha chains, at rates similar to A alpha- and A beta-chains. Once assembled, however, E alpha- and E beta (Ae)- chains were turned over at the same rate. This kinetic anomaly may reflect post-translational association of polypeptides coded by separate genes into complete I-E antigens.
Cleavage of C4b by C3b inactivator: production of a nicked form of C4b, C4b', as an intermediate cleavage product of C4b by C3b inactivator.
Authors: Nagasawa S , Ichihara C , Stroud R M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism of cleavage of C4b into C4c and C4d by the C3b inactivator (C3bINA) and revealed the formation of a nicked form of C4b as an intermediate cleavage product. The cleavage of C4b by the C3bINA was a two-step reaction. The first cleavage occurred on the alpha-chain (89,000 daltons) yielding two fragments, 73,000 daltons and 16,000 daltons. These fragments were bound to each other or to the beta or gamma chain through disulfide linkages. Therefore, an altered form of C4b, C4b', consisting of four disulfide-linked polypeptide chains with the same m.w. as C4b, was produced as an intermediate cleavage product. Subsequently, the second cleavage occurred on the alpha-chain fragment of 73,000 daltons to produce the two generally recognized fragments, C4c and C4d. In both cleavage reactions, a high m.w. cofactor protein, C4bC3bINACo, which is the same protein described as the C4 binding protein, was required, suggesting that both of the proteolytic processes are catalyzed by the C3bINA.
Differential binding of fluorescein-labeled lectins to mouse thymocytes: subsets revealed by flow microfluorometry.
Authors: Fowlkes B J , Waxdal M J , Sharrow S O , Thomas C A , Asofsky R , Mathieson B J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fluorescein-labeled lectins bound to mouse thymocytes were analyzed by flow microfluorometry. This technique has identified several lectins that bind differentially to thymocyte subsets. The most complex fluorescence distributions were obtained using lectins with nominal specificities for galactose or N-acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of binding by sugars confirmed that the fluoresceinated lectins were bound to cells at their carbohydrate binding site. Simultaneous analyses of lectin fluorescence and forward light scatter intensity showed that cell subpopulations of different sizes can exhibit marked differences in the level of binding such that the amount of lectin bound per cell is often independent of cell size. A minor population of dull or unstained cells, delineated by several of these lectins, correlates with the subpopulation of medium-sized thymocytes resistant to in vivo cortisone treatment.
Immune response to phosphorylcholine. VII. Functional evidence for three separate B cell subpopulations responding to TI and TD PC-antigens.
Authors: Fung J , Köhler H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A T-independent PC antigen, the C-polysaccharide, was used to induce a primary response to PC in splenic foci containing precursors taken from normal, unprimed BALB/c mice. The precursor frequency for the TI response was compared with the frequency for a T-dependent PC antigen, PPC-TGG-Hy. Idiotype analysis of the precursors for TD and TI responses indicate that the TD responses are more diverse with respect to clonal dominance of idiotype, TEPC-15, than that of TI responses. If splenic fragments were doubly immunized with both TI and TD antigens, the combined PC-specific precursor frequency was superadditive. TD-antigen-induced responses were found resistant to tolerogen and anti-idiotype suppression, whereas TI responses were extremely sensitive to both manipulations. Since under limiting dilution conditions precursors sort out independently, the superadditive response seen in dual immunized fragments can only be interpreted as evidence for an additional subpopulation of B cells that responds to the combined signals of TD and TI antigens. This postulated third B cell population is also extremely sensitive to tolerogen and anti-idiotype suppression.