bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEALTH COACHING FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ICARE4ME STUDY
Authors: Fisher Lauren , Massimo Lauren , Hirschman Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of young-onset neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive changes in behavior and personality. FTD is often diagnosed around age 60, creating complex care needs that result in caregivers of persons with FTD experiencing high rates of depression, burden, and poor self-care. The iCare4Me for FTD study (NCT04686266) randomized 15 caregivers to receive a virtual health coaching intervention over 6 months (10 sessions) and 15 caregivers to the control group. To better understand the caregivers’ experience with the health coach intervention, two focus groups with intervention group caregivers (n=5) were held. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed and coded using content analysis. Caregivers reported the most valuable aspect was the relationship that was developed with their health coach. Caregivers particularly valued having someone to talk to who was outside their immediate social and support networks. It was noted the structured self-care curriculum served as a good backbone for discussions, but more specific coping conversations related to loss of patient empathy, prognostic uncertainty, and anticipatory grief are needed. One caregiver described being, “… awash in grief and it's affected my memory” while another described “grief is a big issue and I don't really find too many people understand it, because my husband is alive, but so many parts of him are gone”. These findings will be used to inform future studies utilizing health coaches for caregivers of persons with FTD. Implications for evidence-based virtual health coaching interventions with caregivers of persons living with FTD will be described.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS PREDICT HOSPICE IN DEMENTIA CAREGIVING DYADS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Sullivan Suzanne , Bo Wei , Li Chin-Shang , Xu Wenyao , Chang Yu-Ping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hospice care is available to assist people with serious illness and their caregivers who wish to age in place, avoid unnecessary hospitalizations, and remain at home through the end-of-life. However, hospice care is under-utilized nationally despite the disproportionate prevalence of end-of-life dementia caregiving burdens among disadvantaged groups. The reasons are unclear, but emerging research suggests that systemic barriers may contribute to underutilization. Commonly used quality-of-life frameworks have long included social determinant of health (SDH) factors such as social, environmental, financial, and healthcare access needs. Investigating the link between quality-of-life and SDH concerns of persons with dementia (PWD) and their caregivers may help identify when a PWD might benefit from hospice care. This study uses machine learning techniques to longitudinally analyze caregiver/care-recipient dyads in the National Health and Aging and Trends Study (NHATS) linked to the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) (2015-2018) to identify quality-of-life and SDH predictors of hospice use among 117 PWD and their primary caregivers. Results indicate that distinguishing features selected by Information Gain Ratio [IGR] predict that memory rating, receiving food stamps, whether health prevents enjoying life, having trouble chewing or swallowing, diabetes, a regular doctor, and nobody to talk to can predict hospice use well (accuracy=0.6848; sensitivity=0.8244; specificity=0.5371; AUC=0.7425). Quality-of-life/SDH factors are important longitudinal predictors of hospice that can be detected up to three years prior to death. Our study uses inductive, machine learning approaches to provide testable hypotheses for future research to improve the quality of end-of-life care through hospice for PWD and their caregivers.
SHORT-TERM COUPLED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Piccinin Andrea , Rush Jonathan , Lewis Nathan , Knight Jamie , Vendittelli Rebecca , Hofer Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An extensive body of research has investigated the association between cognition and blood pressure (BP). Limited research, however, has examined the association at the daily within-person level. No study has yet applied an intensive measurement design utilizing the convenience and objectivity of mobile devices for cognitive assessments and automated BP monitors. To address this gap in the literature, we recruited community-residing healthy adults (N=64; Mage=70.6, SD=3.5; 76.6% female), who recorded their BP and completed a battery of brief cognitive tasks twice daily for 14 days. Multi-level models estimated associations between systolic/diastolic BP (sBP/dBP) and cognitive functioning, adjusting for time-varying self-reported effort, stressors, and physical activity, as well as time-invariant variables (age, sex, education, and anti-hypertensive medication). At the interindividual level, results suggest that individuals with higher overall sBP and dBP relative to others performed worse on delayed-reproduction and visual short-term memory tasks. At the intraindividual level, on occasions when individuals had higher sBP compared to their personal average, they performed relatively worse on delayed-reproduction tasks. Mean sBP was also significant within these models, suggesting that this coupled relationship is stronger for individuals with higher sBP on average. Analyses did not indicate significant associations for working memory, reaction time, or cognitive interference assessments, which may have been due to relatively limited power for between-person analyses. Use of such digital health technology is critical for detecting the complex nature of and interplay between physiological and cognitive processes. Further, research based on intraindividual associations may contribute to strategies aiming to promote lifestyle modifications.
CROSS-VALIDATION OF THE LICHTENBERG FINANCIAL DECISION RATING SCALE
Authors: Flores Emily , Lichtenberg Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines the cross-validation of the long form of the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale in relation to decision making abilities and suspected financial exploitation.Ninety-five older adult community participants underwent an assessment session which included the LFDRS, cognitive tests and the Independent Living Scale financial management subtest. The LFDRS has four subscales including an intellectual factor that measures choice, understanding, appreciation, and the rationale of decisions. Demographic information was also collected.The concurrent validity of the subscales and LFDRS were examined by Pearson correlations in order to be able to examine the relationship between cognitive test scores, ILS money management scores and LFDRS risk scores. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine whether cognitive and financial management tests were contributed to the prediction or risk scores greater than demographic variables. LFDRS total was significantly related to executive functioning and female gender. The Financial Situational Awareness subscale showed significant correlations with Trailmaking B but was unrelated to demographics. The relationship of executive functioning to vulnerability to exploitation was largely driven by the Financial Situational Awareness subscale. This finding is consistent with previous studies of the LFDRS and adds to the evidence supporting the concurrent validity of the LFDRS with cognitive functioning.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Saito Yasuhiko , Chei Choy Lye , Vu Nguyen , Dong Linh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While Viet Nam is aging rapidly, there are few studies on cognitive function of older adults. We aimed to study status of cognitive function among older adults in Viet Nam and examine factors associated with cognitive function. The baseline data of the Longitudinal study of Ageing and Health in Viet Nam conducted in 2018/2019 was used for the study. LSAHV was a nationally representative survey of those aged 60 and above and computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) using a tablet was conducted for data collection. The number of older person included in the study was 5,530. Cognitive function was measured by Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Factors such as demographic, socioeconomic, health behavior and daily activities such as reading newspaper were examined for their association with cognitive function by linear regression analyses. We found that better cognitive function was associated with engaging in physical activity in both male and female, listening to radio and receiving material support from children in male, and reading in female. Poorer cognitive function was associated with IADL limitation and financial support in both male and female, obesity in male, and hypertension and hearing loss in female. Our study provides an understanding of the associated factors with cognitive function of older people in Viet Nam. Some of the factors examined are modifiable and can be improved to prevent cognitive decline. It is also important to consider sex differences in planning and implementation of interventions and programs to prevent cognitive decline in Viet Nam.
DOES PERCEIVED EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE TRAINING BIAS OUTCOMES?
Authors: Zhang Shenghao , Gray Nicholas , Charness Neil , Boot Walter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cognitive training has the potential to help older adults maintain or improve their cognitive abilities, but there has been debate regarding how susceptible cognitive outcomes in these studies are to placebo effects. Some previous research has found that expectations can shape performance on study outcomes, although this is not always a consistent finding. The degree to which perceived intervention efficacy can lead to changes in the performance of objective outcome measures typically assessed in these studies is unclear. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of perceived effectiveness of cognitive training on actual improvements in a large sample of older adults. The current study utilized data from the Intervention Comparative Effectiveness for Adult Cognitive Training (ICE-ACT, NCT03141281) Trial. Two hundred and thirty older adults (Mean age = 72) were randomized into one of four training conditions: (1) a web-based brain game suite, Brain HQ, (2) a strategy video game, Rise of Nations, (3) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) training, or (4) an active control condition of puzzle solving. Reasoning, memory, processing speed, and IADL performance were measured before and after the intervention. Perceived efficacy of training in those outcome domains were also measured. Bayesian ANOVA analysis showed strong evidence of group differences in perceived efficacy within all outcome domains across the training conditions whereas Bayesian regression showed moderate to strong evidence against influences of perceived efficacy on changes in performance. Discussion will focus on implications of those results on behavioral and cognitive intervention designs.
AGING, COGNITION, AND COMMUNITY EXPERIENCE: CARE CONTINUA AND RISK RATIOS OF DAILY LIFE WITH MCI
Authors: Shank Kendra Heatwole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects an estimated 15-30% of the population (Sachdev et al., 2015; Ward et al., 2012). Cognitive changes directly impact participation in instrumental activities of daily living that support the ability to age in place (Thoma-Lurken et al., 2018; Riley et al., 2014). To date, little is known about these initial challenges beyond self- and caregiver report. The purpose of this research was to understand the nature of out-of-home participation for individuals with cognitive change. Community-dwelling older adults with MCI and their care partners (n=10) were recruited in a suburban region. Data were collected utilizing the “go-along” interview method (Carpiano, 2009) in combination with geospatial mapping and photography. Results included three factors that influenced ongoing community participation related to cognitive changes, including the importance of familiarity of spaces developed over time, strategies related to roadways and parking, and the use of routine to create structure and to increase the support offered by others. In addition, the go-along methodology revealed additional insights about the experiential continuum of providing and receiving care, and how enacting a ‘relative’ risk and risk perceptions impacted participation. Results of this research offer a unique view into daily life of people with MCI and suggest ways that individuals and caregivers can be advised, and their wellbeing enhanced through continued out-of-home participation. There are also multiple applications for increasing the accessibility of community spaces for cognition inclusion. Theoretical implications are also addressed, via re-framing the selection, optimization, and compensation model for considering cognitive change.
IMPROVEMENT OF CAREGIVER MASTERY IS RELATED TO DECREASED ANXIETY AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Hwang Yeji , McPhillips Miranda , Huang Liming , Perez G Adriana , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anxiety is common and distressing in people living with cognitive impairment. High caregiver mastery, a positive view of one’s ability to provide care, is known to be protective against anxiety in people whom they are caring for. However, the longitudinal relationship between caregiver mastery and anxiety is unknown. Our objective was to examine whether improvement in caregiver mastery was related to decrease in anxiety in people living with cognitive impairment. This was a secondary data analyses using Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185), an RCT of a home-based activity intervention designed to improve circadian rhythm disorders in people living with cognitive impairment. A total of 158 participants with cognitive impairment who provided data at both pretest (T1) and posttest (T2) were analyzed. Measures included Caregiver Mastery Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We used linear regression analyses to examine the relationship between changes in caregiver mastery and changes in anxiety. The sample was primarily female (66.7%), Black (63.1%), with mean age 73.3±8.4. The mean change of anxiety frequency (T2-T1) was -0.2±1.0; anxiety frequency decreased over time. The mean change of caregiver mastery (T2-T1) was 0.4± 3.0; caregiver mastery improved over time. After controlling for age, cognition, changes in sleep impairments, changes in depression, and intervention group assignment, improvement of caregiver mastery over time (B=-0.087, SE=0.035, t=-2.51, p=0.013) was related to decreased anxiety frequency over time (R2= 0.112, F=2.31, p= 0.039). Interventions to improve caregiver mastery may alleviate anxiety symptoms in people living with cognitive impairment. Additional research and practice implications will be discussed.
PREPARING THE NURSING WORKFORCE TO CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Brabham Deborah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nurses entering the workforce may have limited education in gerontological nursing. Therefore, many nurses are unprepared to provide quality care to older adults. An unprepared nursing workforce could negatively influence older adults’ health outcomes. This study aimed to determine differences in senior nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competency about older adults based on enrollment in a bachelor of science in nursing degree (BSN), associate’s degree nursing (ADN), and practical nursing (PN) program that offers geriatric content in curricula. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive, triadic reciprocal determinism model provided the theoretical framework to underpin this research study. A non-experimental, descriptive survey design included a convenience sample of students enrolled in a BSN, ASN, and PN program. A total of 178 students participated in the study. Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz 2, Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale, and the Hartford Geriatric Nurse Competency tool was used to collect data. From the results, it is clear that students enrolled in BSN, ADN, and PN programs demonstrated limited knowledge about facts on aging. Students’ attitudes toward older adults were positive, and a correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes. Students perceived competency about older adults was high but purely subjective. Students’ preference to work with older adults post-graduation in the PN group was higher than students in the BSN and ADN groups. These findings underscore the need to systematically design an evidence-based curriculum inclusive of geriatric content across (BSN, ADN, and PN) programs to prepare the nursing workforce to care for older adults.
PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY AND LATER-LIFE COGNITIVE CHANGE: EFFECT MODIFICATION BY SEX, RACE, AND ETHNICITY
Authors: Brown Maria , Mutambudzi Miriam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To better understand life course influences affecting cognitive function and decline in later life, we explored sex and race/ethnicity differentials in the relationship between a history of psychiatric, emotional, or nervous problems and cognitive functioning in later life, while accounting for early life disadvantage and relevant covariates.

Methods
Multi-level growth curve models examined associations between psychiatric history and cognitive functioning, and differences by sex and race/ethnicity (SRE), in 20,155 Health and Retirement Study (1995-2014) participants aged 65 or older, by estimating cognition scores and plotting trajectories of change with age by SRE.

Results
A history of psychiatric, emotional, or nervous problems was significantly related to cognition scores and rates of decline. Hispanic and Black participants had significantly lower cognition scores at age 75 and steeper rates of decline than White females, and Black race and the Hispanic race-sex interaction erased the protective effects of being female.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that members of minority groups with a history of psychiatric problems evidence lower cognitive function in later life, and as a result, have a greater need for community-based long-term care than their peers without this history. Future research should include longitudinal analyses of different components of cognitive function, specific psychiatric diagnoses, and life history data that capture socioeconomic and psychosocial experiences throughout the life course. Population level findings as reported here, along with aggregate findings from similar studies, can inform interventions and policies regarding support for populations that are vulnerable to mental illness and to subsequent cognitive decline.
VARIATIONS IN COGNITIVE STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MEMORY DIFFICULTIES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY AND RESILIENCE
Authors: Barbour Elizabeth , van Antwerp Kodi , Lind Majse , Morgan Amanda , Bluck Susan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By approximately 70-years-old, two out of three Americans experience some cognitive impairment (Hale et al., 2020). Cognitive abilities that often decline with age include working and short-term memory (Cohen, 2019), both important for encoding and retaining information (Alloway & Copello, 2013). Depending on severity, affected individuals may face difficulties performing daily tasks. Beyond biological mechanisms, Self-Life Acceptance (Resilience; Wagnild & Young, 1993) and personality (i.e., Neuroticism, Openness; BFI-2-XS; John & Soto, 2017) may relate to variations in cognitive status. We collected measures of Self-Life Acceptance, Neuroticism, and Openness to investigate their relations to older adults’ cognitive status (i.e., working and short-term memory; TICS; Brandt et al., 1988). The sample was comprised of older adults clearly experiencing memory difficulties (N = 49, Mage = 76.12). In a hierarchical regression, the interaction between Self-Life Acceptance and Neuroticism predicted higher cognitive status. Deconstructing this effect, for older people with low-to-moderate Neuroticism, having worse cognitive status was related to greater feelings of Self-Life Acceptance. These individuals show resilience; when cognitive status is worse, acceptance of oneself and life appears to ‘kick in’ allowing individuals to maintain well-being in the face of memory difficulties. Self-Life Acceptance, however, is not present for those high in Neuroticism. In a second regression, less Self-Life Acceptance and higher Openness were also related to better cognitive status. Our findings show psychosocial factors can predict variations in cognitive status. This work provides a window into how older individuals with different personality traits and varying capacity for resilience cope with memory loss.
THE ROLE OF THIRD PLACES IN REDUCING LONELINESS AMONG CAREGIVING SPOUSES
Authors: Choi Yeon Jin , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Loneliness is a public health concern that is associated with poor mental and physical health. Caregiving spouses of community-dwelling older adults often have high levels of caregiving burden, which make them more vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness. There has been a growing interest in third places as mediums for social interaction. Research on third places shows a positive association of greater access to third places with social networks and social health. However, this has not been tested in the context of caregiving. In this paper, we examined the role of various types of third places in reducing loneliness among caregiving spouses. We used the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study and the National Neighborhood Data Archive to examine the relationship between the availability of third places per square mile and loneliness. Third places include food outlets (e.g. grocery stores), eating and drinking places (e.g., restaurants, coffee shops), commercial establishments (e.g., department stores), entertainment organizations (e.g., museum), exercise facilities (e.g., fitness), religious organizations (e.g., churches), civic and social organizations (e.g., social clubs), personal care services (e.g., barbershops, beauty salons), and social services for older adults (e.g., senior centers). We found that caregiving spouses living in neighborhoods with greater availability of third places had lower levels of loneliness. We also found gender differences in the association. For instance, greater availability of eating and drinking places was associated with loneliness only among females. Increasing access to places that provide opportunities for social interactions may prevent social isolation and reduce loneliness among caregiving spouses.