bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Application of Nutrient and Hormonal Consortia Boost-up the Growth Parameters in Greengram Plants
Authors: Rangasamy S. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Senthil A. , Kumar G.  Prabu , Suresh R. , Sumathi A. 
Published: September 2023

Aim: To understand the influence of nutrients and plant growth regulators on growth attributes of greengram.
Study Design: Factorial and randomized complete block design.
Place and Duration of Study: Wetland farms, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; April - June 2023.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted on clay soil fields located at Wetlands farm, TNAU, Coimbatore. Two greengram varieties CO 8 and VBN 4 were taken for the experiment. The treatments were Control – Water spray (T1), Nutrio-hormonal consortia 1 (T2), Nutrio-hormonal consortia 2 (T3), Pulse consortia 1 (T4), Pulse consortia 2 (T5). The treatments were applied as foliar spray at flowering stage of the crop. The observations are recorded after 10 days of spraying. Growth parameters were recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Results: The significant difference between the treatments was observed at p < 0.05. Foliar application of Pulse consortia 2 (T5) resulted in higher growth attributes such as leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, specific leaf weight and crop growth rate in both the greengram varieties and resulted in improved growth attributes over control.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that foliar application of the Pulse consortia 2 (T5) exhibit highest growth attributes in greengram. Improved growth parameters might attribute to improve the yield.
Factors influencing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of police personnel toward dengue fever in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Damodar , Kakchapati Sampurna , Lageju Nabin , Karki Samriddhi , Dhungana Jayanti , Regmi Sirish , Chudal Deepa , Sharma Ram Prasad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveDengue fever is a significant public health problem in Nepal, and police personnel are considered to play a crucial role in preventing and controlling dengue fever. This study aimed to assess the factors that influence the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of police personnel toward dengue in Kathmandu, Nepal.MethodsThe study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 422 police personnel, where data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Bi-variate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to examine the association between sociodemographic factors and environmental factors with knowledge, attitude, and practices of dengue.ResultsThe study found that the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward dengue prevention was 58%, 46%, and 75%, respectively. The study found that family history of dengue (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.38-5.6), owning bed nets (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.04-4.35) and having covered water storage containers (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.74-5.13) were associated with higher odds of knowledge on dengue. Having family history of dengue (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.24-4.87) and the presence of broken glasses or discarded plastic bottles in the house (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.93-5.36) were associated with attitude on dengue. Knowledge on dengue was associated with higher odds of attitude (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.09-5.36) and practices (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.93, 5.36).ConclusionThe study identified specific factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practices toward dengue prevention. The study concluded that regular training and awareness-raising activities are needed to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward dengue.
Preliminary study on dosimetry characteristics of a novel cylindrical dose verification system
Authors: He Long , Zhu Jinhan , Wang Xuetao , Zhang Bailin , Hu Qiang , Chen Lixin , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a novel ionization chamber array dosimetry system, study its dosimetry characteristics, and perform preliminary tests for plan dose verification.MethodsThe dosimetry characteristics of this new array were tested, including short‐term and long‐term reproducibility, dose linearity, dose rate dependence, field size dependence, and angular dependence. The open field and MLC field plans were designed for dose testing. Randomly select 30 patient treatment plans (10 intensity‐modulated radiation therapy [IMRT] plans and 20 volumetric modulated arc therapy [VMAT] plans) that have undergone dose verification using Portal Dosimetry to perform verification measurement and evaluate dose verification test results.ResultsThe dosimetry characteristics of the arrays all performed well. The gamma passing rates (3%/2 mm) were more than 96% for the combined open field and MLC field plans. The average gamma pass rates were (99.54 ± 0.58)% and (96.70 ± 3.41)% for the 10 IMRT plans and (99.32 ± 0.89)% and (94.91 ± 6.01)% for the 20 VMAT plans at the 3%/2 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria, respectively, which is similar to the Portal Dosimetry's measurement results.ConclusionsThis novel ionization chamber array demonstrates good dosimetry characteristics and is suitable for clinical IMRT and VMAT plan verifications.
Could Some Patients With Fibromyalgia Potentially Have Hypophosphatasia? A Retrospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Injean Patil , Tan John , Lee Sandy , Downey Christina 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disease characterized by incomplete or defective bone mineralization due to a mutation in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene causing low levels of ALP. Disease presentation is heterogeneous and can present as a chronic pain syndrome like fibromyalgia (FM). Our objective was to determine if there are any potential patients with HPP in the group of patients who were diagnosed with FM. Antiresorptive therapy use can trigger atypical femur fractures in patients with HPP.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all patients 18 years or older at a single academic center who were diagnosed with FM and had either a low or a normal ALP level. The following characteristics were reviewed: biological sex; age; history of fractures; diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteoarthritis, and chondrocalcinosis; genetic testing; vitamin B6 level testing; and medications.ResultsSix hundred eleven patients with FM were identified. Two hundred had at least one low ALP level, and 57 had at least three consecutively low measurements of ALP, 44% of which had a history of fractures. No patients had vitamin B6 levels checked. None of the patients had previous genetic testing for HPP or underwent testing for zinc or magnesium levels.ConclusionThe percentage of patients with FM who were found to have consistently low ALP levels was 9.3%. None had vitamin B6 level or genetic testing, suggesting that the diagnosis was not suspected. It is important to diagnose HPP given the availability of enzyme replacement therapy to prevent complications from HPP such as fractures. Our data support screening for this condition as a part of the initial workup of FM.
Development and Isolation of Dot LEDs for Display Applications through Electrochemical Etching and Sonochemical Separation
Authors: Ko Minji , Hong Eunha , Eo Yun Jae , Lee SeungJe , Kim Soyeon , Kim Hyeng Jin , Lee Keyong Nam , Kim Changwook , Do Young Rag 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a top‐down fabrication and an isolation process for producing billions of multifunctional dot light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) without a sacrificial layer. The process involves a combination of electrochemical etching (ECE) of an n‐GaN layer and sonochemical separation of an etched porous layer to isolate the dot LEDs. The structure of the developed dot LEDs can be expressed as Au/indium tin oxide (ITO)/p‐GaN/multiple quantum well (MQW)‐InGaN/n‐GaN@SiO2. The nanopore size, separation ratio, and emission characteristics of dot LEDs produced by ECE are investigated, as well as the solvent type on ultrasonic separation in the sonochemical process. Blue electroluminance devices fabricated in a vertical structure using dot LEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.21% at an applied voltage of 4.0 V, and a luminous efficacy of 1070 cd m−2, at an applied voltage of 10.0 V. Although the current technology for blue dot LEDs may not produce a higher EQE than the existing display technologies, it is essential to consider that the development of dot LED displays is still in its early stages. Furthermore, the findings show that the dot LEDs have the potential to significantly reduce material costs and provide new opportunities for nanoscale GaN‐based LED displays.
The Positive Versus Negative Effects of Defect Engineering for Solar Water Splitting: A Review
Authors: Huang Yulong , Meng Linxing , Xu Weiwei , Li Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough defect design is an essential means of improving the performance of photocatalytic materials, defect introduction is not always beneficial. Current defect engineering focuses on avoiding or modifying introduced defects to mitigate their adverse effects on solar water splitting performance. This review comprehensively summarizes the strategies for defect introduction and discusses their crucial roles in solar water splitting. Focusing on the dual effects of defects, the most basic schemes for preparing favorable defects through pretreatment and posttreatment methods are reviewed. In addition, the review focuses on strategies for overcoming or mitigating the detrimental effects of defects to improve the performance of photocatalysts. Finally, the challenges and prospects of developing a defect‐based photocatalyst design strategy are outlined. This review provides a reference for preparing defect‐based photocatalysts for conducting more in‐depth research on defects. Additionally, it offers ideas for utilizing unfavorable defects and converting them into favorable defects for performance improvement.
Ni3N–CeO2 Heterostructure Bifunctional Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ding Xin , Jiang Run , Wu Jialin , Xing Minghui , Qiao Zelong , Zeng Xiaofei , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and high‐efficient bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is greatly significant for water electrolysis. Here, Ni3N‐CeO2/NF heterostructure is synthesized on the nickel foam, and it exhibits excellent HER and OER performance. As a result, the water electrolyzer based on Ni3N‐CeO2/NF bifunctional catalyst only needs 1.515 V@10 mA cm−2, significantly better than that of Pt/C||IrO2 catalysts. In situ characterizations unveil that CeO2 plays completely different roles in HER and OER processes. In situ infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the introduction of CeO2 can optimizes the structure of interface water, and the synergistic effect of Ni3N and CeO2 improve the HER activity significantly, while the in situ Raman spectra reveal that CeO2 accelerates the reconstruction of OV (oxygen vacancy)‐rich NiOOH for boosting OER. This study clearly unlocks the different catalytic mechanisms of CeO2 for boosting the HER and OER activity of Ni3N for water splitting, which provides the useful guidance for designing the high‐performance bifunctional catalysts for water splitting.
Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Label‐Free Spectroscopic Quantification of Global DNA Cytosine Methylation in a Miniature Plasmonic Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Xie Yangcenzi , Chen Mingyang , Liu Xinyu , Su Xiaoming , Li Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpigenetic DNA methylations are early and frequently observed events in a diversity of diseases such as cancer. Despite the considerable clinical values for cancer liquid biopsy, quantitative analysis of DNA methylations remains a major challenge due to the lack of rapid, sensitive detection techniques. Here, an artificial intelligence‐assisted label‐free surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) (iMeSERS) biosensor is reported for simultaneous quantification of C5‐methylcytosine (5mC) level and methylation ratio in DNA samples. This method utilizes the plasmonic Pickering emulsions as the biosensing platform for label‐free SERS detection, formed upon the addition of a sub‐microliter DNA sample to the hydrophobic Au nanostar‐containing n‐decane. Distinct spectral signatures of monophosphates of canonical deoxyribonucleotides (dNMPs) and the common methylation modification 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (d5mCMP) are identified and distinguished by the iMeSERS biosensor. The deep learning algorithms trained with SERS signatures of dNMPs and d5mCMP are then applied to the quantitative analysis of global DNA methylation. The exceptional capability of the deep learning‐driven approach is demonstrated for simultaneous quantification of the methylation ratio and level using a sub‐microliter volume of DNA samples. This work shows the power of label‐free SERS techniques combined with deep learning algorithms for quantitative analysis of epigenetic DNA modifications with great promises for clinical diagnosis.
Modulating Carrier Kinetics in BiVO4 Photoanodes through Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Layers
Authors: Chen Hang , Li Jingguo , Meng Lingshen , Bae Sanghyun , Erni Rolf , Abbott Daniel F. , Li Shangkun , Triana Carlos A. , Mougel Victor , Patzke Greta R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the role and immobilization of molecular catalysts on photoelectrodes is essential to use their full potential for efficient solar fuel generation. Here, a CoII4O4 cubane with proven catalytic performance and an active H2O─Co2(OR)2─OH2 edge‐site moiety is immobilized on BiVO4 photoanodes through a versatile layer‐by‐layer assembly strategy. This delivers a photocurrent of 3.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and prolonged stability. Tuning the thickness of the Co4O4 layer has remarkable effects on photocurrents, dynamic open circuit potentials, and charge carrier behavior. Comprehensive‐time and frequency‐dependent perturbation techniques are employed to investigate carrier kinetics in transient and pseudo‐steady‐state operando conditions. It is revealed that the Co4O4 layer can prolong carrier lifetime, unblock kinetic limitations at the interface by suppressing recombination, and enhance charge transfer. Additionally, its flexible roles are identified as passivation/hole trapping/catalytic layer at respective lower/moderate/higher potentials. These competing functions are under dynamic equilibrium, which fundamentally defines the observed photocurrent trends.
Finite‐Sized Atom Reconstruction Enhanced High‐Frequency Multi‐Domain Magnetic Response
Authors: Liu Minmin , Wu Zhengchen , Yang Liting , Lv Xiaowei , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Huibin , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Guanyu , Zhang Jincang , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe technological advances in wearable electronics and military stealth have spawned extensive research into electromagnetic wave absorbents. Despite the rapid progress in the geometrical modulation of magnetic absorbents, the engineering strategy of microwave‐responsive magnetic domains is underdeveloped and the response dynamics remain unclear. Herein, a surface finite‐sized atom reconstruction procedure is proposed to accurately modulate the local magnetic topological domains, dramatically enhancing the magnetic loss capacity. Due to the selectivity of atom reconstruction, vortex and stripe domains are controllably hybridized around the porous surface to broaden the interactive domain region, significantly intensifying energy absorption of the microwave field. Meanwhile, the amorphous/crystalline interfaces around atom reconstruction regions can induce interfacial polarization, enabling the optimization of dielectric loss capacity. Therefore, a satisfactory magnetic–dielectric synergy is realized to demonstrate the strong absorption intensity of −31.2 dB and the broad absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz. Furthermore, the surface‐based magnetic domain transformation and microwave energy attenuation mechanisms are thoroughly revealed to break the black box of structure–function through electron holography and micromagnetic simulation. These achievements demonstrate a promising solution to improve high‐frequency magnetic properties and provide a feasible route to interpret the structure‐relevant magnetic loss capacity.
Hole‐Transporting Polymers Bearing Fine‐Tuning Side Chains via Ternary Copolymerization Strategy for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xuelin , He Zhichao , Chen Haotian , Yao Lu , Li Chunyan , Lin Xin , Zhou Zhonggao , Li Kan , Wang Wen , Cai Wanzhu , Ling Qidan , Zhen Hongyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe binary electron donor–electron acceptor (D‐A) type conjugated polymers have proven to be efficient dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) for the n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). However, D‐A type terpolymeric HTMs containing two D units are not exploited. Reserving the high‐planarity backbone of benzodithiophene (BDT)‐benzodithiophene‐4,8‐dione, D1‐A‐D2‐A type terpolymers PT‐Cz30, PT‐Cz50, and PT‐Cz70 are obtained by side‐chain engineering and ternary copolymerization strategy, in which BDT bearing the side chains of thiophene and carbazole serves as D1 and D2 units, respectively. PT‐Cz50 performs best due to the appropriate side‐chain ratio around 1:1. Meanwhile, a polymer blend HTM PA‐Cz50 is studied for comparison, in which two binary D‐A polymers PBDB‐T and PBDB‐Cz are blended with the molar ratio of 1:1. Containing similar side‐chain composition, terpolymer PT‐Cz50 presents superior hole transport properties over the polymer blend PA‐Cz50 and endows better device performances to the PVSCs with a promising power conversion efficiency of 22.53% and high device stability.
CuS@TA‐Fe Nanoparticle‐Doped Multifunctional Hydrogel with Peroxide‐Like Properties and Photothermal Properties for Synergistic Antimicrobial Repair of Infected Wounds
Authors: Zhou Xiaohu , Chen Tiantian , Ma Tengda , Yan Lizhao , Wei Haojie , Liu Shuang , Dai Zhiyin , Xie Zhizhong , Deng Jun , Tao Shengxiang , Fan Lihong , Chu Yingying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial infection is a critical factor in wound healing. Due to the abuse of antibiotics, some pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a non‐antibiotic‐dependent multifunctional wound dressing for the treatment of bacteria‐infected wounds. In this work, a multifunctional AOCuT hydrogel embedded with CuS@TA‐Fe nanoparticles (NPs) through Schiff base reaction between gelatin quaternary ammonium salt – gallic acid (O‐Gel‐Ga) and sodium dialdehyde alginate (ADA) along with electrostatic interactions with CuS@TA‐Fe NPs is prepared. These composite hydrogels possess favorable injectability, rapid shape adaptation, electrical conductivity, photothermal antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. Additionally, the doped NPs not only impart fast self‐healing properties and excellent adhesion performance to the hydrogels, but also provide excellent peroxide‐like properties, enabling them to scavenge free radicals and exhibit anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities via photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) effects. In an S. aureus infected wound model, the composite hydrogel effectively reduces the expression level of wound inflammatory factors and accelerates collagen deposition, epithelial tissue, and vascular regeneration, thereby promoting wound healing. This safe and synergistic therapeutic system holds great promise for clinical applications in the treatment of infectious wounds.
Flexible Specific Determination of Glucose in Solution, Blood Serum, and Sweat Using a Terahertz Hydrogel‐Functionalized Metamaterial
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Shoujun , Wang Qingwei , Xu Yihan , Jiang Liwen , Yan Yuyue , Li Jiao , Tian Zhen , Zhang Weili 
Published: September 2023

Terahertz metamaterials have shown promises in biomolecules detection, however, aqueous solvents such as blood serum strongly absorb the terahertz waves, interfering with the detection. To avoid such interference, an ultrathin, flexible, biogel‐based metamaterial that can specifically detect the transmission of terahertz waves through biomolecules in aqueous solution is proposed and demonstrated. The glucose in water can be detected with a sensitivity of 0.0446 dL mg−1 and a detection limit of 1.64 mg dL−1, as well as glucose in human serum. The metamaterial that detects glucose in human sweat is part of a wearable device. The biosensor functions well for more than 100 detection cycles. The results suggest a strategy for real‐time detection of glucose and potentially other biomolecules.
Multi‐Functional Eutectic Hydrogel for 3D Printable Flexible Omnidirectional Strain Sensors
Authors: Han Songjiu , Wu Qirui , Xu Yidan , Zhang Jiayu , Chen Anbang , Chen Yujia , Huang Jianren , Yang Xiaoxiang , Guan Lunhui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlexible electronic devices are attracting much attention on account of their great potential in artificial intelligence, electronic skin, and biomedicine. However, the poor stretchability, conductivity, and machinability of flexible materials limit the application of flexible electronic devices in practical environments. Herein, hydrogels with excellent mechanical, electrical, and processable properties are synthesized by introducing deep eutectic solvent (DES) and MXene into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, which shows more than 2700% tensile strain, and 1.21 S m−1 conductivity. Interestingly, hydrogels also exhibited 3D printable properties, enabling the fabrication of sensors with complex structures in a short period of time. Besides, the serpentine lines strain sensor is successfully prepared by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and assembled into a bidirectional strain rosette sensor and omnidirectional strain rosette sensor, which could recognize the direction and magnitude of stress. More importantly, the omnidirectional strain sensor can accurately distinguish the signal responses of different directions and sizes generated by ping‐pong players swinging the racket, showing excellent strain recognition ability. In brief, the hydrogels designed are expected to realize the manufacture of large‐scale and low‐cost flexible sensors through a simple preparation process, which provides a new idea for the manufacture of flexible electronic devices.
Controlling Field Asymmetry in Nanoscale Gaps for Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Meier Jessica , Zurak Luka , Locatelli Andrea , Feichtner Thorsten , Kullock René , Hecht Bert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractField hotspots in nanoscale gaps of plasmonic antennas can boost nonlinear processes such as harmonic generation, photoelectron emission, and ultrafast electron transport. Alongside large field enhancement, such phenomena often require control over the field symmetry in the hotspot, which is challenging considering the nanometer length scales. Here, by means of strongly enhanced second harmonic generation, unprecedented control over the field distribution in a hotspot is demonstrated by systematically introducing geometrical asymmetry to the antenna gap. Focused helium ion beam milling of mono‐crystalline gold is used to realize asymmetric‐gap dimer antennas in which an ultra‐sharp tip faces a flat counterpart. This allows to increase both field enhancement and asymmetry while maintaining the bonding antenna mode at the fundamental frequency, thereby enhancing second harmonic radiation to the far‐field. Combining these findings with second harmonic radiation patterns as well as quantitative nonlinear simulations, remarkably detailed insight into the mechanism of second harmonic generation at the nanoscale is obtained. These results open new opportunities for the realization of nonreciprocal nanoscale systems.