bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing hunting practices of urban and rural inhabitants in Western Amazonia: the role of religion, wealth, and livelihoods
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Alvares , Bizri Hani Rocha El , Morcatty Thais Queiroz , Braga-Pereira Franciany , Fa Julia E. , Messias Mariluce Rezende , Doria Carolina Rodrigues Costa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Hunting is essential for securing access to energy and nutrients by rural and urban populations throughout the tropics. The hunting patterns of urban hunters are unknown, and we do not know how much they resemble or differ from rural hunters. On the other hand social factors that influence hunting choice of these hunters are still largely unclear. Here we analyzed the impact of socioeconomic and cultural factors on frequency and composition of species hunted by urban and rural Amazonian hunters. Within 10 municipalities in western Amazonia in Brazil, we interviewed 49 urban hunters and 57 rural hunters. A total of 44 species were cited as hunted. Our analyses showed that the probability of engaging in sport hunting (for recreation) was greater in urban hunters. Rural inhabitants, who had overall incomes lower than urban hunters, and were non-practicing Christians and Atheists hunted more frequently. Species hunted or preferred were similar independently of the livelihood or religion of the urban or rural hunters. However, we found that hunting frequency was influenced by the hunters’ socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, which did not affect the composition of the harvest. This similarity between urban and rural hunters might be related to species distribution and availability and could potentially impact the most hunted species if hunting grounds overlap. Understanding hunting patterns, especially those of urban hunters can be used to manage hunting activities more effectively, improve law enforcement against illegal hunting as well as develop more effective conservation strategies.
Meta-analysis of Multi-functional Biomarkers for Discovery and Predictive Modeling of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma
Authors: Peterson Scott N. , Eroshkin Alexey M. , Kozbial Piotr Z. , Florio Ermanno , Fouladi Farnaz , Strom Noah , Valdes Yacgley , Kuehn Gregory , Casaburi Giorgio , Kuehn Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Despite the effectiveness of colonoscopy for reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, poor screening compliance ranks CRC as the second most deadly malignancy. There is a need to develop a preventative, non-invasive diagnostic test, such as a fecal microbiota test, for early detection of both pre-cancerous adenomas and carcinomas to effectively reduce mortality.
Results:
We conducted a clinical meta-analysis of published deep metagenomic stool sequence datasets including 1,670 subjects from 9 countries, including 703 healthy controls, 161 precancerous colorectal adenoma (CRA), 48 advanced precancerous colorectal adenoma (CRAA) and 758 CRC cases diagnosed by colonoscopy. We analyzed these data through a novel automated machine learning workflow using a two-stage feature importance ranking and ensemble modeling method to identify and select highly predictive taxonomic and functional biomarkers. Machine learning modeling of selected features differentiated the metagenomic profiles of healthy patients from CRA, CRAA and CRC cases with an average area under the curve (AUC) for external holdout testing of 0.84 (sensitivity=0.82; specificity=0.71, accuracy=0.77) for CRC; an AUC of 0.97 (sensitivity=0.78; specificity=0.98, accuracy=0.97) for CRAA; and an AUC of 0.90 (sensitivity=0.74, specificity=0.89, accuracy=0.86) for CRA. These performance outcomes represented a 2%, 3% and 8% increase in AUC, compared to baseline ML performance, respectively. The predictive features identified for each disease class were largely distinct and represented differing proportions of taxonomic and functional features.
Conclusions:
The predictive taxonomic features identified for each disease class were largely distinct, whereas many functional gene features were shared across disease classes but displayed differing direction of change. Application of our ensemble approach for feature selection increased the predictive power of each disease class and moreover may generate discriminatory models with greater generalizability.
Personally Rattled: a Unique Protocol to Support the Presence of Personality and Behavioral Syndromes in Rattlesnakes
Authors: Cunha Oceane Da , Horne L. Miles , Johnson Jerry D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While personality studies have been growing in number for various animal taxa, some groups have been underrepresented in the literature. Even if individual differences have been acknowledged, reptiles have been severely overlooked for behavioral studies potentially due to the challenges arising with studying their behavior. This study investigated the personality of wild Western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) across five axes: activity, exploration, boldness, sociality, and aggressiveness. The objectives of this study were to develop a protocol to successfully test personality in rattlesnakes following these axes and to determine whether Crotalus atrox exhibits personality and behavioral syndrome. To do so, 22 wild rattlesnakes were captured and submitted to a series of captive behavioral trials. Crotalus atrox exhibited individual differences that were repeatable through time across the five previously mentioned axes. Activity was the only axis that was sex-dependent where males move more than females on average. Moreover, these axes were grouped into three personality dimensions: aggressiveness, exploration, and activity-boldness-sociality. This last personality dimension provides evidence for the presence of a behavioral syndrome within this species. This study provides a repeatable and ecologically relevant protocol to study personality in rattlesnakes throughout five different axes. Crotalus atrox exhibits individual behavioral differences consistent through time and behavioral syndromes comparable to other species. This study provides a baseline to answer questions pertinent to personality in rattlesnakes such as conflict management and will help gain insights in the secretive life of serpents.
Changes in the physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, flavor volatiles and antioxidant properties of noni juice (Morinda citrifolia) during natural fermentation
Authors: LI Da , Jing TIAN , LIANG Yufei , Yi-Kai FAN , LIANG Han-Qiao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Noni (Morinda citrifolia) is a tropical plant native to South-East Asia, the fruit of which is usually fermented to extract the juice as a drink, and for medicinal purposes. Despite its widespread consumption and good natural medicinal properties, little is known about its postharvest handling and compositional changes during processing. Here, changes in the physiochemical characteristics (pH value, titratable acidity (TA) and total suspended solid (TSS)), bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lignins), flavor volatiles, and antioxidant capacity were monitored in the broth of naturally fermented of noni fruit using conventional analytical methods. The pH value of the fermented noni fruit showed an overall declining trend (from 4.35 to 4.04) while TA increased slowly (from 2.91 g/kg) in the first 24 weeks, reaching 9.25 g/kg at week 36. Fermentation had little impact on TSS, and values remained largely unchanged (1.34 mg/mL). The total phenolic compounds revealed and overall decreasing trend (from 1.52 mg/L to 0.87 mg/mL) reaching a maximum value (1.79 mg/mL) during the first week. Within this group, the total flavonoids decreased rapidly in the first week of fermentation (from 0.531 mg/mL to 0.295 mg/mL) while lignins decreased slowly in the first few weeks before increasing to 0.314 mg/mL by week 4. Both species increased from week 36 to reach 0.732 mg/mL and 0.366 mg/mL at the end of fermentation. The DPPH scavenging capacity of the extract reached its highest value (100%) at week 4. A total of 112 volatile compounds were identified in the noni juice at week 1, and their compositions changed during fermentation over 1-24 weeks. Methyl caproate and caprylic acid were the dominant compounds, with the latter contributing to the distinctive odor of the fermenting juice. During the first week, a high concentration of total esters and increasing TA was the dominant characteristics; total flavonoids reached highest level in week 2; alcohols were the major class of compound in week 4, reaching maximum levels at 8. The changes in physicochemical characteristics, active and odor compounds at different stages of the fermentation may provide a foundation to understand and control key relationships during the commercial production of noni fruit.
TaATG8 is involved in the response to abiotic stresses and powder mildew in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tian Lijuan , Wang Dongmei , Liu Gang , Wei Fengju , Hou Chunyan , Han Shengfang , Zhang Fangfang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradation process of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes, and executes bulk and selective degradation of targeted cargos. A set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins participate in various stages of the autophagic process. Among ATGs, ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 plays a central role in autophagy. The expression of ATG8 affects many intracellular progresses. Here we report that the amino acid sequence of AtATG8 and TaATG8 protein share a high similarity of 84.03%, we found that TaATG8 involved in the abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt stress and nutrient deficiency. Our results indicated that TaATG8 gene participates in resisting against abiotic stresses in the stage of seed germination, seedling and adult. Moreover, TaATG8 plays an important role in the process of Arabidopsis defending against biotic stress caused by the infection of powdery mildew through HR. Hydrogen peroxide acts as an important metabolic product and signaling molecule in the process of TaATG8 resisting to powdery mildew.
Preserving Coastal Ecosystem through Micro-zonation Analysis of Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors: Trihatmoko Edy , Nurlinda Nurlinda , Darussalam Andi , Purwitaningsih Santika , Sartohadi Junun , Banowati Eva , Naibaho Betty , Juhadi Juhadi , Aji Ananto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Small island ecosystems and their inhabitants face a significant threat from global warming, which jeopardizes their sustainability. These communities are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change, as they heavily rely on natural resources for their livelihoods and are more vulnerable than mainland regions. Additionally, the effects of global warming on oceanographic conditions will disproportionately affect these communities. Therefore, it is essential to take urgent action to address the challenges small island states face and promote their resilience in the face of climate change. To preserve the coastal ecosystems in Karimunjawa, Indonesia, this study proposes an alternative spatial plan through micro-zonation analysis. The study conducted literature reviews and field surveys to collect data and developed recommendations for the current spatial plans through spatially, descriptive statistics, and comparative analysis. The findings show that sea surface temperatures in Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island have increased by 1–2 ℃. Stress levels were found for coral reefs at the bleaching warning position for all Karimunjawa Island marine areas, including Kemujan Island. Legon Lele and Tanjung Gelam were found to have suspended sediment traces and indications of heavy metal contamination, making them the research focus. The Karimunjawa micro-zonation boundaries were obtained, especially in the Legon Lele and Tanjung Gelam areas, with an area of 640.63 and 817.45 ha, respectively. The proposed micro-zonation for Karimunjawa National Park zoning refers to watersheds-sedimentary cells, making it an example of implementing integrated coastal management (ICM) spatial boundaries in Karimunjawa and other nations.
Node Embedding Approach for Accurate Detection of Fake Reviews: A Graph-Based Machine Learning Approach with Explainable AI
Authors: Zaki Nazar , Krishnan Anusuya , Turaev Sherzod , Rustamov Zahiriddin , Rustamov Jaloliddin , Almusalami Aisha , Ayyad Farah , Regasa Tsion , Iriho Brice Boris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, online reviews have become increasingly important in promoting various products and services. Unfortunately, writing deceptive reviews has also become a common practice to promote one’s own business or tarnish the reputation of competitors. As a result, identifying fake reviews has become an intense and ongoing area of research. This paper proposes a node embedding approach to detect online fake reviews. The approach involves extracting features from the input data to create a distance matrix, which is then used to construct a Graph. From the graph, we extract graph nodes and use the Node2Vec biased random walk algorithm to create a model. We retrieve node embeddings from the Node2Vec model using Word2Vec and use different classifiers to classify the nodes. We trained and evaluated the machine learning models on the Deceptive Opinion Spam Corpus and YelpChi datasets, and achieved superior results compared to prior work for detecting fake reviews, with SVM using the ham-ming distance achieving 98.44% accuracy, 98.44% precision, 98.44% recall, and 98.44% F1-score. Furthermore, we explored different methods for explaining our proposed methods using explainable AI, demonstrating the interpretability of our approach. Our proposed node embedding approach shows promising results for 1 detecting fake reviews and offers a transparent and interpretable solution for the problem.
The orchestration of Cornus kousa fruit and gut microbiota for anti- obesity via integrated pharmacological analysis based on metabolomics
Authors: Oh Ki-Kwang , Yoon Sang-Jun , Lee Su-Been , Lee Sang Youn , Gupta Haripriya , Ganesan Raja , Sharma Satya Priya , Won Sung-Min , Jeong Jin-Ju , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki-Tae 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Cornus kousa fruit (CKF) has been utilized as anti-obesity (AOB) supplementation in East Asia, including Korea, and gut microbiota (GM) might have positive effects on obesity (OB) via its interplay. We aimed to decode molecule(s), mechanism(s), and target(s) on interactive association between CKF and GM via network pharmacology (NP) analysis. The chemical constituents from ethanolic CKF (ECKF) were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Results: The 31 compounds in ECKF were accepted by Lipinski’s rule and the overlapping targets (45) were identified by SEA and STP. The final targets (22) were selected on OB-responded targets, indicating that IL6 was the most crucial protein-coding target on PPI networks. A bubble plot and CKF, GM, signaling pathways, targets, and metabolites (CGSTM) networks suggested that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications inhibited by CKF, and PPAR signaling pathway activated by GM. As the most stable conformers, the IL6-equol complex was attributed to GM, and PPARA-linoleic acid, PPARD-stearic acid, and FABP4-dimethyl 2,3-bis(1,3-dimethylindol-2-yl) fumarate complex were attributed to CKF. Noticeably, stearic acid was removed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis, all other three molecules were proposed as good electron donators with the higher electronegativity, compared with a standard drug (Orlistat).
Conclusion: This study shows that integrated pharmacological analysis can enable to decode the unknown relationships between CKF and GM. For the extensive viewpoints, our approach can obtain scientific evidence to verify the food-GM-host interactions by introducing several fields: bioinformatics, cheminformatics, pharmacology, microbiology, natural products chemistry, and quantum chemistry. Overall, this study reveals that the combination of CKF and favorable GM might exert dual therapeutic effects on OB.
Predictors of functional and morphological arterial wall properties in coronary artery disease patients with increased lipoprotein (a) levels before and after treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors
Authors: Likozar Andreja Rehberger , Šebeštjen Miran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In addition to proatherogenic properties, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) has also pro-inflammatory, antifibrinolytic and prothrombogenic features. The aim of the current study was to identify the predictors of functional and morphological properties of the arterial wall in patients after myocardial infarction and increased Lp(a) levels at the beginning and after treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.Methods Seventy-six post-myocardial infarction patients with high Lp(a) levels were included in the study. Ultrasound measurements of flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed initially and after 6 months of treatment. At the same time points lipids, Lp(a), inflammatory and hemostasis markers were measured in blood samples.Results In linear regression model FMD significantly correlated with age at first myocardial infarction (β = 0.689; p = 0.022), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β=-1.200; p = 0.009), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) (β=-0.992; p = 0.006), overall coagulation potential (β = 1.428; p = 0.014) and overall hemostasis potential (β=-1.473; p = 0.008). c-IMT significantly correlated with age at first myocardial infarction (β = 0.574; p = 0.033) and Lp(a) (β = 0.524; p = 0.040). PWV significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.332; p = 0.002), tumor necrosis factor alpha (β = 0.406; p = 0.002), interleukin-8 (β=-0.315; p = 0.015) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (β = 0.229; p = 0.031). After treatment FMD reached statistical significance only in univariant analysis with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.286; p = 0.004) and VCAM-1 (r=-0.229; p = 0.024). PWV and c-IMT correlated with age (r = 0.334; p = 0.001 and r = 0.486; p < 0.0001, respectively) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.556; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.233; p = 0.021, respectively).Conclusions Our results suggest that age, systolic blood pressure, Lp(a) levels and other biochemical markers associated with Lp(a) are predictors of functional and morphological properties of the arterial vessel wall in post-myocardial patients with high Lp(a) levels initially. However, after 6 months of treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors only age and systolic blood pressure seem to be predictors of these properties.Trial registration: The protocol for this study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov on November, 3 2020 under registration number NCT04613167.
Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in coals of varying rank --Identification for sources of PAHs in complicated environmental studies
Authors: Wen Xueqin , Fu Xue , Li Zhengyan , Yang Yali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The concentrations of 16 Priority Pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coals of varying rank were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography for obtaining the distribution of PAHs in raw coal with different metamorphic degree. The results indicate that the Σ16PAHs in coal ranged from 1416.28~131786.7 and 1896.85~133012.45 ng/g respectively with a the maximum yield when R0, max=1.47%. With the increase of coal rank, the toxicity of PAHs in raw coal increases and then decreases. The range of Flua / (Flua + Pyr), Ant / (Ant + Phe) and BaA / (BaA + Chr) is 0.237~0.340, 0.073~0.085, 0.064~0.178 and the total index of PAHs ranged from 3.17 to 3.74 in coals. Above diagnostic ratios are quite distinguished from petroleum origin, coal combustion and low-temperature combustion of coal gangue in previous work, which can be used to identify the sources of PAHs in complicated environment study.
Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light
Authors: Song Yao , Lan Yanhong , Li Ke , Qiao Dairong , Cao Yi , Xu Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Dunaliella salina is a high-quality industrial effector for carotenoid production. Although the accumulation of carotenoids in D. salina increases under red light conditions, the content of carotenoids in the algal cell decreases. The mechanism by which red light regulates carotenoid synthesis is still unclear.Results In this study, a transcription factor of DsGATA1 with a distinct structure was discovered in D. salina. The recognition motif of DsGATA1 was comparable to that of plant and fungal GATA, despite its evolutionary proximity to animal-derived GATA. The expression of DsGATA1 in D. salina was still noticeably decreased when exposed to red light. Analysis of physiological and biochemical transcriptomic data from overexpressed, interfering and wild-type strains of DsGATA1 revealed that DsGATA1 acts as a global regulator of D. salina carotenoid synthesis. The upregulated genes in the CBP pathway by DsGATA1 were involved in its regulation of the synthesis of carotenoids. DsGATA1 also enhanced carotenoid accumulation under red light by affecting N metabolism. DsGATA1 was found to directly bind to the promoter of nitrate reductase to activate its expression, promoting D. salina nitrate uptake and accelerating biomass accumulation. DsGATA1 affected the expression of the genes encoding GOGAT, GDH and ammonia transporter proteins. Moreover, our study revealed that the regulation of N metabolism by DsGATA1 led to the production of NO molecules that inhibited carotenoid synthesis. However, DsGATA1 significantly enhanced carotenoid synthesis by NO scavenger removal of NO. The D. salina carotenoid accumulation under red light was elevated by 46% in the presence of overexpression of DsGATA1 and NO scavengers.Conclusion It was found that a transcription factor of DsGATA1 from D. salina has a distinct structure and recognition motif. The novel gene encoding DsGATA1 enhanced the production of carotenoids under red light and endowed D. salina with high algal biomass. The regulation of terpenoid metabolism by DsGATA1 is different from that reported for GATA factors. DsGATA1 yet enhanced the production of NO in D. salina. Nevertheless, our results indicated that DsGATA1 could be an important target for engineering carotenoid production.