bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the interaction between Kendari’s economic growth and its hinterland
Authors: Anggraini Yuyun , Prima Suci Rahmawati , Triani Neks , Hariono Hariono 
Published: January 2025

In order to attain high economic growth and equitable economic development, each region has to determine its regional economic growth centre. The existence of an economic growth center allows for the concentration of economic activity, which in turn has a ripple effect on the surrounding areas (Hinterland). This study was carried out to identify the primary centres of economic growth in Kendari and analyse their interactions and influence on the surrounding hinterland. This study employed both primary and secondary data, which were analysed using scalogram analysis, centrality index analysis, and gravity analysis. The findings indicate that among the eleven sub-districts in Kendari, three of them, namely Kadia, Kendari Barat, and Mandonga, serve as economic growth centres. Each economic growth centre is connected with a primary hinterland that exhibits the highest level of attraction or interaction value when compared to other districts. Among these centres, Kadia is the sub-district with the higher growth centre hierarchy and it has the highest interactions with Wua-wua. The interaction value between Kadia and Wua-wua is 139595130.7. Kendari Barat is the second growth centre in terms of its interactions with Mandonga, with an interaction value of 710383315.6. Mandonga is the third growth centre that has the highest level of interaction with Kendari Barat, with an interaction value of 710383315.6. The implication of the study is to formulate more targeted policies based on strong empirical evidence.
Outsourcing Public Services
Authors: Boeger Nina 
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces primary and secondary objectives in public service outsourcing. While the former focus on the delivery of the services in question, the latter address the pursuit of ancillary policy goals in their delivery – for example, to create employment and new businesses, to address discrimination and inequalities, and to support environmentally sustainable business practice. In line with the aims of the book, the chapter considers secondary objectives that relate to corporate ownership forms, introducing the new duty in UK law to consider business diversity in public procurement as well as current policies that support smaller and social providers in public procurement. The chapter considers, more generally, the evolution of ‘social value’ as a secondary procurement objective in Britain.
Vaccination of mice with Trichinella spiralis C-type lectin elicited the protective immunity and enhanced gut epithelial barrier function
Authors: Wang Bo Ning , Zhang Xin Zhuo , Wu Jin Yi , Zhang Zhao Yu , Cong Pei Kun , Zheng Wen Wen , Long Shao Rong , Liu Ruo Dan , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan 
Published: January 2025

Background
C-type lectin (CTL) plays an important act in parasite adhesion, host’s cell invasion and immune escape. Our previous studies showed that recombinant Trichinella spiralis C-type lectin (rTsCTL) mediated larval invasion of enteral mucosal epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate protective immunity produced by vaccination with rTsCTL and its effect on gut epithelial barrier function in a mouse model.

Methodology/principal finding
The ELISA results showed that subcutaneous vaccination of mice with rTsCTL elicited a systemic humoral response (high levels of serum IgG, IgG1/IgG2a and IgA) and significant gut mucosal sIgA responses. The levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-γ/IL-4) secreted from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches were distinctly increased at 6 weeks following vaccination (P < 0.05). At one week after challenge, the numbers of goblet cells and expression level of Muc2, Muc5ac and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in gut tissues of vaccinated mice were obviously decreased, while expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was evidently increased, compared to the infected PBS group. It is interesting that expression levels of gut epithelial tight junctions (TJs; occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad) were prominently elevated and intestinal permeability was interestingly declined in vaccinated mice. The rTsCTL-vaccinated mice exhibited a 51.69 and 48.19% reduction of intestinal adult and muscle larva burdens, respectively. The female fecundity in rTsCTL vaccinated mice was reduced by 40.51%. These findings indicated that rTsCTL vaccination impeded larval invasion and improved gut epithelial integrity and barrier function, reduced worm burdens, and relieved gut and muscle inflammation.

Conclusions
Vaccination of mice with rTsCTL elicited an obvious protective immunity against larval challenge, impeded larval invasion of gut mucosa, enhanced gut epithelial integrity and barrier function, reduced worm burdens; it also alleviated gut and muscle inflammation. TsCTL might be a novel candidate target molecule for anti-Trichinella vaccines.
Expert decision-making in clinicians: An auto-analytic ethnographic study of operational decision-making in urgent care
Authors: Irvine Nicola , Van Der Meer Robert , Megiddo Itamar 
Published: January 2025

Objective
To conceptualise the cognitive processes of early expert decision-making in urgent care.

Background
Expert clinicians in the UK frequently determine suitable urgent care patient pathways via telephone triage. This strategy is promoted by policymakers but how it is performed, and its effectiveness has not been evaluated. Evaluation of early senior decision-making requires knowledge of decision-processes, influences, and goals. Previous research has focused on diagnostic decision-making and rarely studied clinicians in the field.

Method
We triangulated analytic autoethnography of early expert decision-making with focused ethnography of experts and trainee doctors performing the task. The study took place in a medium-sized Acute Medical Unit which provided internal medical emergency care for a mixed urban and rural population in the UK. A grounded theoretical model of expert decision-making was created via Gioia Methodology. Decision types were categorised to identify differences in solutions as well as decision processes.

Results
The hallmarks of intuitive decision-making were found in most expert decisions. Experts made intuitive use of pattern-matching to extract key data from large volumes of information which triggered the spontaneous manifestation of solutions. Solutions were holistic and usually solitary. Upon manifestation solutions were consciously tested for viability with emotional affect playing a key role. Expert solutions were previously applied ones but were frequently entirely novel. Novel solution generation was not a feature of trainee decisions but moments of intuition were. Expert goals varied between optimal care for individual patients, system-wide efficiency, and equity of care. The decision environment had a large influence upon experts.

Conclusion
Expert clinicians employ intuitive decision-making supported by rational analysis in early urgent care decision-making. Expert solutions generated in this manner are pragmatic rather than optimal, context dependent, and seek to achieve goals which vary from moment-moment. Findings are crucial to inform research evaluating the effectiveness of early expert decision-making in urgent care as it is a high cost strategy. They also have implications for methodological approaches in future studies of expert clinical decision-making, developing artificial expert systems, and clinician training.
Prevalence and risk factors of the most common multimorbidity among Canadian adults
Authors: Mortey Obed , Mugford Gerald , Aubrey-Bassler Kris , Mariathas Hensley H. , Odimba Ugochukwu , Gao Zhiwei 
Published: January 2025

Background
The number of persons living with multimorbidity–defined as the co-occurrence of at least two chronic conditions in the same individual–is growing globally, especially in developed countries. Traditionally, this increase has been attributed to a growing aging population, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, low socioeconomic status, and individual genetic susceptibility.

Objective
To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of the most common multimorbidity (MCM) among Canadian middle-aged and older adults.

Method
Relevant data on all 30,097 middle-aged and older Canadian adults (aged 45 to 85 years) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were used for this study. To identify the specific sociodemographic risk factors associated with the MCM, we used survey-specific logistic regression.

Findings
Overall, co-occurrence of osteoarthritis and hypertension was identified as the MCM among Canadian adults aged 45+ with an estimated prevalence of 16.5%. The results from multivariate analysis showed that seven factors were significantly associated with increased odds of the MCM, which included increasing age, being retired from work (retired vs not retired), poorer rating of perceived health, (very good, good, poor vs excellent), increasing problems with sleep quality (satisfied, dissatisfied vs neutral), and abnormal body-mass index (underweight, overweight, obese vs normal). Also, residents in other urban centres had significantly lower odds than those in urban core. Persons living in Atlantic Canada, Ontario and Quebec were at increased odds of having the MCM compared to those in British Columbia. The odds of the MCM associated with increasing age was significantly higher among Females (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.11–1.13) than Males (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07–1.10).

Conclusion
Multimorbidity is a common feature among Canadian adults. The identification of the most prevalent patterns and associated risk factors in this study provides fresh insights into the etiology, progression, and possible prevention of the MCM among Canadian adults.
Japanese Language Learners of Manado State University's Ability to Produce Long Duration Vowels /AA/, II/, /UU/, /EE/ and /OO/
Authors: Pandi Helena Maria Lidwina , Lensun Sherly F , Sompotan Amelia , Aror Susanti 
Published: January 2025

Mastery of long vowel pronunciation in Japanese is an important aspect for learners, especially at Universitas Negeri Manado. Long vowels, such as /AA/, /II/, /UU/, /EE/, and /OO/, have a longer duration than short vowels. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of long vowels produced by students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program and how they differ when compared to native speakers. This research was conducted on students of semester IX (nine) of Japanese Language Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Manado and a native speaker. The method used is descriptive quantitative where the author processes the data recorded by the speakers using Speech Analyzer application which is a software application to analyze speech sounds to obtain data on the duration of long vowels. After that, it was processed again using Microsoft Excel to calculate the average duration of long vowels from the speakers' speech. The conclusion of this study is the duration of long vowels produced by students from the average obtained are: 149 ms on the vowel /aa/, 142 ms on the vowel /ii/, 127 ms on the vowel /uu/, 251 ms on the vowel /ee/, and 122 ms on the vowel /oo/. The duration mentioned above after being compared with native speakers the results tend to be shorter than native speakers. There are also significant differences with native speakers in some vowel positions in words such as the sound /_aa/ by AK (093 ms), JE (084 ms) and native speakers (195 ms).
Performance of the automated digital cell image analyzer UIMD PBIA in white blood cell classification: a comparative study with sysmex DI-60
Authors: Kim Hongkyung , Kweon Oh Joo , Yoon Sumi , Lim Yong Kwan , Kim Bohyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of PBIA (UIMD, Seoul, Republic of Korea), an automated digital morphology analyzer using deep learning, for white blood cell (WBC) classification in peripheral blood smears and compare it with the widely used DI-60 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan).

Methods
A total of 461 slides were analyzed using PBIA and DI-60. For each instrument, pre-classification performance was evaluated on the basis of post-classification results verified by users. Pre- and post-classification results were compared with manual WBC differentials, and the ability to identify abnormal cells was assessed.

Results
The pre-classification performance of PBIA was better than that of DI-60 for most cell classes. PBIA had an accuracy of 90.0 % and Cohen’s kappa of 0.934, higher than DI-60 (45.5 % accuracy and 0.629 kappa) across all cell classes. The pre-classification performance of both instruments decreased when abnormal cells were observed in manual counts, but PBIA still performed better. PBIA also appeared to show better correlation with manual WBC differential counts, particularly in pre-classification (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.696–0.944 vs. 0.230–0.882 for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and blasts), although the mean differences varied by cell class. For abnormal cells identified in manual counts, PBIA exhibited more false positives for blasts (30.5 vs. 2.3 %), while DI-60 had a higher rate of false negatives (42.1 vs. 6.1 %). Both instruments exhibited high false negative rates for atypical lymphocytes.

Conclusions
PBIA demonstrated better performance than DI-60, highlighting its clinical utility. Further multicenter studies are required for full validation.
How much do we know about wild canid (Carnivora: Canidae) ectoparasites in Mexico? Current state of knowledge
Authors: Hernández-Urbina Cesar Francisco , Fernández Jesús A. , Titulaer Mieke , Aguilar-Palma Nelson G. , Acosta Roxana , Camargo-Sanabria Angela A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental degradation has altered animal population dynamics, making the monitoring of parasitic communities in wildlife relevant because of their potential impact on environmental and public health. Through the compilation of ectoparasite data in three wild canids of Mexico, an updated list of ectoparasite species recorded on them in Mexico is reported. The goal is to understand the current state of knowledge about the taxonomic composition of ectoparasite communities in wild canids, specifically which taxa are currently known, locations been recorded, and sites yet to be sampled. Using electronic databases, geographical coordinates were obtained for localities with records of wild canids and their ectoparasites. The records for the canid species and their respective collected ectoparasites were mapped in Mexico. Urocyon cinereoargenteus has the greatest number of ectoparasite species, followed by Canis latrans and Vulpes macrotis. A total of 14 flea species from three families were recorded. The family Pulicidae was the most abundant, followed by Rhopalopsyllidae and Ceratophyllidae. Regarding ticks, only three species of the family Ixodidae were found. No louse records were found. It is recommended to conduct further studies on the composition and structure of ectoparasite communities in carnivores because it provides fundamental data for species conservation.
Optimization of alkali modified breadfruit peel flour-LDPE composite for car mirror casings
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research was carried out to optimize the properties of alkali modified breadfruit peel flour-low-density polyethylene (BPF-LDPE) composite. The BPF-LDPE composite was produced for both alkalized with NaOH (NS-BPF-LDPE) and unmodified (UN-BPF-LDPE) composite by compounding bread fruit peel fiber (BPF) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The BPF was blended at 5–25 wt.% fiber content (A
1) and 20–100 mesh (850–150 µm) particle size (A
2). The variation of A
1 and A
2 on the tensile strength (U
TS), stretching modulus (U
TM), elongation (U
E), flexural strength (U
FS), bending modulus (U
FM), hardness (U
H), Impact strength (U
IS) and water absorption resistivity (U
WAR) of the BPF-LDPE composite were verified, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for this process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was tested on NS-BPF-LDPE and UN-BPF-LDPE composite, respectively. The results noted that at optimal state, A
1,
A
2,
U
TS, U
E, U
TM, U
FS, U
FM, U
H, U
IS and U
WAR, were 150 µm (100 mesh), 25 wt.%, 7.638322 MPa, 8.105433 %, 0.341301 GPa, 23.48253 MPa, 0.331741 GPa, 167.2593 Pa, 45.28871 kJ m−2 and 4.730205 %, respectively. After the modeling process, the error detected from experimental related results and that RSM was <2.9445 %. All the RSM predicted responses attributed significant correlation indicating good prediction of NS-BPF-LDPE composite in production of engineering component.
Investigation into the crystallization of poly-lactic acid following the application of a novel high molecular weight, high epoxy functionality polymer chain extender
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Ma Liuliu , Wu Xihao , Si Shengren , Duan Hao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research explored the impact of a novel polymer chain extender with high epoxy functionality on the crystallization properties of polylactic acid (PLA). FT-IR and Raman spectrometer were utilized to characterize the structure of PLA after chain extension. The dosage of the chain extender (HSMG) in PLA was varied to investigate its effect on the crystallization behavior of PLA via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicated that incorporating HSMG into PLA significantly altered its crystallization behavior, without significantly changing its crystal structure.
The role of neuroinflammation in PV interneuron impairments in brain networks; implications for cognitive disorders
Authors: Allami Pantea , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Rezaei Nima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fast spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneuron is an inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron diffused in different brain networks, including the cortex and hippocampus. As a key component of brain networks, PV interneurons collaborate in fundamental brain functions such as learning and memory by regulating excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance and generating gamma oscillations. The unique characteristics of PV interneurons, like their high metabolic demands and long branching axons, make them too vulnerable to stressors. Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant stressors that have an adverse, long-lasting impact on PV interneurons. Neuroinflammation affects PV interneurons through specialized inflammatory pathways triggered by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The crucial cells in neuroinflammation, microglia, also play a significant role. The destructive effect of inflammation on PV interneurons can have comprehensive effects and cause neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and bipolar disorder. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of mechanisms in which neuroinflammation leads to PV interneuron hypofunction in these diseases. The integrated knowledge about the role of PV interneurons in cognitive networks of the brain and mechanisms involved in PV interneuron impairment in the pathology of these diseases can help us with better therapeutic interventions.
Brand identity construction through the heritage of Chinese destination logos
Authors: Liang Liling , Cheong Cecilia Yin Mei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research investigates how multimodality is applied in logos to build a heritage brand identity for Chinese destinations. As a historical country, China is known for its huge reserves of cultural and natural heritage, which ideally offers abundant resources for developing its tourism industry. These can be taken advantage of in branding its destinations. Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar was adopted in this study to conduct a qualitative analysis of the images and words of destination logos collected from 34 provincial-level administrative regions in China. The findings indicate that pictorial and written elements are skillfully used in the logos through the manifestation of heritage, capturing features that convey significant connotations to promote a positive brand identity of the Chinese destinations. This research adds to the existing literature on destination branding through heritage commodification by embodying evocative multimodal features in destination logos, as well as promoting the semiotic approach as an effective tool in constructing the heritage brand identity of Chinese destinations.
Extraction of molybdenite concentrates by leaching
Authors: Bazan-Brizuela Vanesa Lucía , Medina-Arias Marcela , Orozco-Santander Ivana 
Published: January 2025

El concentrado de molibdenita (MoS2) es obtenido actualmente como un subproducto en el procesamiento de minerales provenientes de un pórfido de cobre, siendo la molibdenita considerada un componente menor. El procedimiento para la extracción comercial de molibdeno desde un sulfuro, la molibdenita, implica tostar el concentrado, purificar el calcinado resultante, ya sea por destilación de tiroxido de molibdeno (MoO3 )o por una ruta hidrometalúrgica, y finalmente reducir el trióxido con hidrógeno para obtener el metal
El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la producción de molibdeno desde concentrados de molibdenita usando una solución acuosa de ácido clorhídrico (HCl) como lixiviante, cloruro de sodio (NaCl) como catalizador, hidróxido de sodio (OHNa) como regulador de pH, y por último cloruro férrico (FeCl3) como un oxidante. Los resultados muestran que trabajando en un pH más grande que 8 temperatura de 50ºC, con una concentración de ácido clorhídrico de 5% y una relación solida / liquido de 10:1, velocidad de agitación de 200- 300 rpm y la adición de un 2% de cloruro férrico, La lixiviación de Mo fue del 70% en condiciones experimentales en un tiempo de 180 minutos, con una remoción completa del hierro.
Les dones del Grup de Folkloristes de Ripoll
Authors: Nolla Bertran Rut 
Published: January 2025

És força coneguda la tasca dels homes del Grup de Folkloristes de Ripoll. Tanmateix, la contribució de les dones del grup no s’ha investigat, malgrat l’extensa recollida de material folklòric que dugueren a terme durant el primer terç del segle xx. A partir de l’inventari d’Oriol Beltran (2005), s’han identificat tretze dones del Grup de Folkloristes de Ripoll, de les quals s’han quantificat i classificat les publicacions de mostres de folklore en la premsa local. S’ha elaborat un esbós biogràfic de les cinc folkloristes que van recollir rondalles i llegendes: Carme Canal, Florentina Casas, Genoveva Dachs, Núria Roquer i Joaquima Santamaria. A manera d’exemple, s’ha comentat una rondalla de Genoveva Dachs. Aquest estudi posa en valor el paper de les dones dins del Grup de Folkloristes de Ripoll, fonamentals en la preservació del llegat de la literatura popular ripollesa. No obstant això, calen noves investigacions per aprofundir en la magnitud i la qualitat de la seva tasca.