bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins
Authors: Castañeda-Molina Yuliana , Marulanda-Moreno Sandra María , Saldamando-Benjumea Clara , Junca Howard , Moreno-Herrera Claudia Ximena , Cadavid-Restrepo Gloria 
Published: September 2023

Background
Spodoptera frugiperda (or fall armyworm, FAW) is a polyphagous pest native to Western Hemisphere and recently discovered in the Eastern Hemisphere. In Colombia, S. frugiperda is recognized as a pest of economic importance in corn. The species has genetically differentiated into two host populations named “corn” and “rice” strains. In 2012, a study made in central Colombia demonstrated that the corn strain is less susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins (Cry1Ac and Cry 1Ab) than the rice strain. In this country, Bt transgenic corn has been extensively produced over the last 15 years. Since gut microbiota plays a role in the physiology and immunity of insects, and has been implicated in promoting the insecticidal activity of Bt, in this study an analysis of the interaction between Bt endotoxins and FAW gut microbiota was made. Also, the detection of endosymbionts was performed here, as they might have important implications in the biological control of a pest.

Methods
The composition and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval specimens of S. frugiperda(corn strain) was investigated in a bioassay based on six treatments in the presence/absence of Bt toxins and antibiotics (Ab) through bacterial isolate analyses and by high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, species specific primers were used, to detect endosymbionts from gonads in S. frugiperda corn strain.

Results
Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the most dominant bacterial phyla found in S. frugiperda corn strain. No significant differences in bacteria species diversity and richness among the six treatments were found. Two species of Enterococcus spp., E. mundtii and E. casseliflavus were detected in treatments with Bt and antibiotics, suggesting that they are less susceptible to both of them. Additionally, the endosymbiont Arsenophonus was also identified on treatments in presence of Bt and antibiotics. The results obtained here are important since little knowledge exists about the gut microbiota on this pest and its interaction with Bt endotoxins. Previous studies made in Lepidoptera suggest that alteration of gut microbiota can be used to improve the management of pest populations, demonstrating the relevance of the results obtained in this work.
A Mouse Model to Investigate the Impact of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy with Estradiol on Reproduction
Authors: Pfau Daniel R. , Schwartz Amanda R. , Dela Cruz Cynthia , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Moravek Molly B. , Shikanov Ariella 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) can help transgender and/or gender diverse (TGD) individuals achieve emobidment goals that align with their transition needs. Clinical evidence from estradiol (E)‐GAHT patients indicate widespread changes in tissues sensitive to E and testosterone (T), particularly in the reproductive system. Notably, E‐GAHTs effects on hormones and reproduction vary greatly between patients. With the goal of informing clinical research and practice for TGD individuals taking E, this study examines intact male mice implanted with capsules containing one of three different E doses (low 1.25 mg; mid 2.5 mg; high 5 mg), or a blank control capsule. All E‐GAHT doses suppress T and follicle stimulating hormone levels while elevating E levels. Only the high E‐GAHT dose significantly supresses luteinizing hormone levels. All E‐GAHT doses affect epididymis tubule size similarly while seminiferous tubule morphology and bladder weight changes are dose‐dependent. E‐GAHT does not alter the presence of mature sperm, though E‐exposed sperm have altered motility. These data represent the first evidence that mouse models offer an effective tool to understand E‐GAHTs impact on reproductive health and the dose‐dependent effects of this model permit examinations of diverse patient outcomes.
Pericellular Matrix Formation and Atomic Force Microscopy of Single Primary Human Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Microgels
Authors: Fredrikson Jacob P. , Brahmachary Priyanka P. , June Ronald K. , Cox Lewis M. , Chang Connie B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the main components of articular cartilage is the chondrocyte's pericellular matrix (PCM), which is critical for regulating mechanotransduction, biochemical cues, and healthy cartilage development. Here, individual primary human chondrocytes (PHC) are encapsulated and cultured in 50 µm diameter alginate microgels using drop‐based microfluidics. This unique culturing method enables PCM formation and manipulation of individual cells. Over ten days, matrix formation is observed using autofluorescence imaging, and the elastic moduli of isolated cells are measured using AFM. Matrix production and elastic modulus increase are observed for the chondrons cultured in microgels. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of cells grown in microgels increases ≈ten‐fold over ten days, nearly reaching the elastic modulus of in vivo PCM. The AFM data is further analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and shows that the population of PHCs grown in microgels exhibit two distinct populations with elastic moduli averaging 9.0 and 38.0 kPa. Overall, this work shows that microgels provide an excellent culture platform for the growth and isolation of PHCs, enabling PCM formation that is mechanically similar to native PCM. The microgel culture platform presented here has the potential to revolutionize cartilage regeneration procedures through the inclusion of in vitro developed PCM.
Retrospect and Prospect: Nanoarchitectonics of Platinum‐Group‐Metal‐Based Materials
Authors: Han Minsu , Kani Kenya , Na Jongbeom , Kim Jeonghun , Bando Yoshio , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanoarchitectonics, a concept encompassing nanoscale microstructures and atomic arrangements in materials, enables the precise modification of materials for desired applications by controlling their physical and chemical properties, as well as surface charge or energy. Particularly in metal materials, where surface reactions play a critical role, nanoarchitecture becomes the most influential factor affecting activity, selectivity, and stability. Focusing on platinum‐group metals (PGMs) due to their inherently high efficiency in energy and environmental applications, this article provides a comprehensive review of synthetic methods for the morphological control of metal nanomaterials. The morphological control is classified into atomic arrangements in 0D, 1D, and 2D nanocrystals, as well as nanoporous structures, and the mechanisms of major reactions are covered in detail. Each chapter is supplemented with a table featuring several examples, facilitating the reader's understanding of the structural controls of PGMs. Finally, the article outlines future challenges in achieving novel metal nanoarchitecture. The hope is that this review provides valuable insights into the synthesis of PGM‐based nanomaterials and serves as a guide for designing and synthesizing innovative metal nanostructures for diverse applications.
4D Printing of Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials with Modular Programmability using Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Wu Yi , Han Ying , Wei Zhuxuan , Xie Yu , Yin Jun , Qian Jin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rational design of mechanical metamaterials endows them with unusual properties inaccessible by conventional materials. In this study, compression–twist coupling building blocks with embedded chirality are fabricated by multimaterial 4D printing of shape memory polymers. Each chiral unit can be programmed individually by mechanical compression at a selected high temperature, whose temporary shape is self‐maintained at the reduced temperature when the load is removed. With these building blocks, lattice‐like architectures can be constructed in planar and layer‐to‐layer assemblies. Such modular design overcomes the limitation of conventional material arrangement by allowing on‐demand re‐programmability of chirality‐defined structural heterogeneity. Using this strategy, metamaterials with tunable Poisson's ratio and shape‐morphing metastructures are developed by harnessing the cooperative deformation of spatially heterogenous tessellation that undergoes local shrinkage or expansion, depending on the encoded Poisson response. An untethered multimodal soft gripper is assembled by chiral metastructures with distinct morphing modes, capable of unscrewing up a bottle cap attributed by the programmed functionality at module‐level. The present modular chiral metamaterials with embedded chirality and flexible deployability may promote the applications of mechanical metamaterials in active shape‐morphing structures and functional soft machines.
Graphene‐Enhanced Single Ion Detectors for Deterministic Near‐Surface Dopant Implantation in Diamond
Authors: Collins Nicholas F. L. , Jakob Alexander M. , Robson Simon G. , Lim Shao Qi , Räcke Paul , Johnson Brett C. , Liu Boqing , Lu Yuerui , Spemann Daniel , McCallum Jeffrey C. , Jamieson David N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiamond color centers with applications to single photon sources, quantum computation, and magnetic field sensing down to the nanoscale have been investigated using ensembles of near‐surface implanted atoms. Deterministic ion implantation for ions stopping between 30 and 130 nm deep is demonstrated by configuring an electronic‐grade diamond substrate with a biased surface graphene electrode connected to charge sensitive electronics. The thin graphene electrode has a negligible surface dead layer, so implantation events are signaled from the drift of electron–hole pairs induced by the dissipation of ion kinetic energy in the substrate. Ion beam induced charge maps from a scanned 1 MeV He microbeam show the graphene electrode is highly effective with a charge collection efficiency up to 86% compared to an O‐terminated diamond surface of 30%. For lower energy ions, applicable to near surface implantation, single ion detection confidence is >99(1)% for 19.5 keV H and 85(2)% for 24 keV N ions to allow maps of device surface features by employing a focused ion beam microscope or an atomic force microscope cantilever incorporating a nanostencil beam collimator. In the near‐term, this system can be used to investigate the annealing dynamics for the conversion of single implanted ions into diamond color centers.
Alleviating the Crystallization Dynamics and Suppressing the Oxidation Process for Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factors Exceeding 80 Percent
Authors: Li Tianpeng , Zhang Zhiguo , He Feifei , Deng Liangliang , Yang Yingguo , Mo Xiaoliang , Zhan Yiqiang , Liang Jia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe low toxicity and a near‐ideal bandgap endow tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) a promising future in photovoltaic technologies. However, in general the Sn‐based perovskites suffer from poor resistance to oxidation and fast crystallization dynamics, resulting in low fill factors (FFs) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a strategy to improve the performance of TPSCs by incorporating 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)–2‐thiopseudourea dihydrobromide (AET) into the Sn‐based perovskites is proposed. AET interacts strongly with the Sn‐based perovskites, and thus effectively inhibits the oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ and slows down the crystallization process. As a result, the TPSCs with AET achieve a high FF of 80.26% and a high PCE of 13.55%. Notably, this FF value represents the highest reported in the field of TPSCs with narrow bandgaps. Furthermore, encapsulated TPSCs demonstrate good stability, maintaining 80% of their initial performance over the course of 700 h.
Flexible Allyl‐Modified Gelatin Photoclick Resin Tailored for Volumetric Bioprinting of Matrices for Soft Tissue Engineering
Authors: Cianciosi Alessandro , Stecher Sabrina , Löffler Maxi , Bauer‐Kreisel Petra , Lim Khoon S. , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Groll Jürgen , Blunk Torsten , Jungst Tomasz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVolumetric bioprinting (VBP) is a light‐based 3D printing platform, which recently prompted a paradigm shift for additive manufacturing (AM) techniques considering its capability to enable the fabrication of complex cell‐laden geometries in tens of seconds with high spatiotemporal control and pattern accuracy. A flexible allyl‐modified gelatin (gelAGE)‐based photoclick resin is developed in this study to fabricate matrices with exceptionally soft polymer networks (0.2–1.0 kPa). The gelAGE‐based resin formulations are designed to exploit the fast thiol‐ene crosslinking in combination with a four‐arm thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG4SH) in the presence of a photoinitiator. The flexibility of the gelAGE biomaterial platform allows one to tailor its concentration spanning from 2.75% to 6% and to vary the allyl to thiol ratio without hampering the photocrosslinking efficiency. The thiol‐ene crosslinking enables the production of viable cell‐material constructs with a high throughput in tens of seconds. The suitability of the gelAGE‐based resins is demonstrated by adipogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASC) after VBP and by the printing of more fragile adipocytes as a proof‐of‐concept. Taken together, this study introduces a soft photoclick resin which paves the way for volumetric printing applications toward soft tissue engineering.
Efficient and Bright Organic Radical Light‐Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Cho Hwan‐Hee , Gorgon Sebastian , Hung Hsiao‐Chun , Huang Jun‐Yu , Wu Yuh‐Renn , Li Feng , Greenham Neil C. , Evans Emrys W. , Friend Richard H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganic radicals have been of interest due to their potential to replace nonradical‐based organic emitters, especially for deep‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL), based on the spin‐allowed doublet fluorescence. However, the performance of the radical‐based EL devices is limited by low carrier mobility which causes a large efficiency roll‐off at high current densities. Here, highly efficient and bright doublet EL devices are reported by combining a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) host that supports both electron and hole transport and a tris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl‐based radical emitter. Steady‐state and transient photophysical studies reveal the optical signatures of doublet luminescence mechanisms arising from both host and guest photoexcitation. The host system presented here allows balanced hole and electron currents, and a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.4% at 707 nm peak emission with substantially improved efficiency roll‐off is reported: over 70% of the maximum EQE (12.2%) is recorded at 10 mA cm−2, and even at 100 mA cm−2, nearly 50% of the maximum EQE (8.4%) is maintained. This is an important step in the practical application of organic radicals to NIR light‐emitting devices.
Machine Learning Paves the Way for High Entropy Compounds Exploration: Challenges, Progress, and Outlook
Authors: Wan Xuhao , Li Zeyuan , Yu Wei , Wang Anyang , Ke Xue , Guo Hailing , Su Jinhao , Li Li , Gui Qingzhong , Zhao Songpeng , Robertson John , Zhang Zhaofu , Guo Yuzheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool in the research field of high entropy compounds (HECs), which have gained worldwide attention due to their vast compositional space and abundant regulatability. However, the complex structure space of HEC poses challenges to traditional experimental and computational approaches, necessitating the adoption of machine learning. Microscopically, machine learning can model the Hamiltonian of the HEC system, enabling atomic‐level property investigations, while macroscopically, it can analyze macroscopic material characteristics such as hardness, melting point, and ductility. Various machine learning algorithms, both traditional methods and deep neural networks, can be employed in HEC research. Comprehensive and accurate data collection, feature engineering, and model training and selection through cross‐validation are crucial for establishing excellent ML models. ML also holds promise in analyzing phase structures and stability, constructing potentials in simulations, and facilitating the design of functional materials. Although some domains, such as magnetic and device materials, still require further exploration, machine learning's potential in HEC research is substantial. Consequently, machine learning has become an indispensable tool in understanding and exploiting the capabilities of HEC, serving as the foundation for the new paradigm of Artificial‐intelligence‐assisted material exploration.
Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Inorganics–Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Robust Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cheng Xin‐Bing , Yang Shi‐Jie , Liu Zaichun , Guo Jia‐Xin , Jiang Feng‐Ni , Jiang Feng , Xiong Xiaosong , Tang Wen‐Bo , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Wu Yuping , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSevere dendrite growth and high‐level activity of the lithium metal anode lead to a short life span and poor safety, seriously hindering the practical applications of lithium metal batteries. With a trisalt electrolyte design, an F‐/N‐containing inorganics–rich solid electrolyte interphase on a lithium anode is constructed, which is electrochemically and thermally stable over long‐term cycles and safety abuse conditions. As a result, its Coulombic efficiency can be maintained over 98.98% for 400 cycles. An 85.0% capacity can be retained for coin‐type full cells with a 3.14 mAh cm−2 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode after 200 cycles and 1.0 Ah pouch‐type full cells with a 4.0 mAh cm−2 cathode after 72 cycles. During the thermal runaway tests of a cycled 1.0 Ah pouch cell, the onset and triggering temperatures were increased from 70.8 °C and 117.4 °C to 100.6 °C and 153.1 °C, respectively, indicating a greatly enhanced safety performance. This work gives novel insights into electrolyte and interface design, potentially paving the way for high‐energy‐density, long‐life‐span, and thermally safe lithium metal batteries.
A Specific Mini‐Intrabody Mediates Lysosome Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin
Authors: Li Caijuan , Lin Yingqi , Chen Yizhi , Song Xichen , Zheng Xiao , Li Jiawei , He Jun , Chen Xiusheng , Huang Chunhui , Wang Wei , Wu Jianhao , Wu Jiaxi , Gao Jiale , Tu Zhuchi , Li Xiao‐Jiang , Yan Sen , Li Shihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded proteins leads to many neurodegenerative diseases that can be treated by lowering or removing mutant proteins. Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) that can be soluble and aggregated in the central nervous system and causes neuronal damage and death. Here, an intracellular antibody (intrabody) fragment is generated that can specifically bind mHTT and link to the lysosome for degradation. It is found that delivery of this peptide by either brain injection or intravenous administration can efficiently clear the soluble and aggregated mHTT by activating the lysosomal degradation pathway, resulting in amelioration of gliosis and dyskinesia in HD knock‐in (KI‐140Q) mice. These findings suggest that the small intrabody peptide linked to lysosomes can effectively lower mutant proteins and provide a new approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the accumulation of mutant proteins.
Recent Advances in Anti‐Atherosclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Nanomaterial‐Derived Drug Formulations
Authors: Xiao Zhicheng , Li Yi , Xiong Liyan , Liao Jun , Gao Yijun , Luo Yunchun , Wang Yun , Chen Ting , Yu Dahai , Wang Tingfang , Zhang Chuan , Chen Zhe‐Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, is responsible for ≈17.6 million deaths globally each year. Most therapeutic drugs for atherosclerosis have low delivery efficiencies and significant side effects, and this has hampered the development of effective treatment strategies. Diversified nanomaterials can improve drug properties and are considered to be key for the development of improved treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. The pathological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis is summarized, rationally designed nanoparticle‐mediated therapeutic strategies, and potential future therapeutic targets for nanodelivery. The content of this study reveals the potential and challenges of nanoparticle use for the treatment of atherosclerosis and highlights new effective design ideas.
Smart Manipulation of Complex Optical Elements via Contact‐adaptive Dry Adhesives
Authors: Li Shuai , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Li Xiangming , Chen Xiaoliang , Chen Xiaoming , Shao Jinyou 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe implementation of complex, high‐precision optical devices or systems, which have vital applications in the aerospace, medical, and military fields, requires the ability to reliably manipulate and assemble optical elements. However, this is a challenging task as these optical elements require contamination‐free and damage‐free manipulation and come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Here, a smart, contact‐adaptive adhesive based on magnetic actuation is developed to address this challenge. Specifically, the surface bio‐inspired adhesives made of fluororubber facilitate contamination‐free and damage‐free adhesion. The stiffness modulation of packaged magnetorheological grease based on the magnetorheological effect endows the smart adhesive with a high conformability to the optical elements in the soft state, a high grip force in the stiff state, and the ability to quickly release the optical elements in the recovered soft state. The smart adhesive provides a versatile solution for reliably and quickly manipulating and assembling multiscale optical elements with planar or complex 3D shapes without causing surface contamination or damage. These extraordinary capabilities are demonstrated by the manipulation and assembly of various optical elements, such as convex/concave/ball lenses and extremely complex‐shaped light guide plates. The proposed smart adhesive is a promising candidate for conventional optical element manipulation technologies.
Suppression of Methanol and Formate Crossover through Sulfanilic‐Functionalized Holey Graphene as Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Jeong Samuel , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Nagata Yuki , Fujita Jun‐ichi , Ito Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProton exchange membranes with high proton conductivity and low crossover of fuel molecules are required to realize advanced fuel‐cell technology. The selective transportation of protons, which occurs by blocking the transportation of fuel molecules across a proton exchange membrane, is crucial to suppress crossover while maintaining a high proton conductivity. In this study, a simple yet powerful method is proposed for optimizing the crossover‐conductivity relationship by pasting sulfanilic‐functionalized holey graphenes onto a Nafion membrane. The results show that the sulfanilic‐functionalized holey graphenes supported by the membrane suppresses the crossover by 89% in methanol and 80% in formate compared with that in the self‐assembled Nafion membrane; an ≈60% reduction is observed in the proton conductivity. This method exhibits the potential for application in advanced fuel cells that use methanol and formic acid as chemical fuels to achieve high energy efficiency.