bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stewards of the language: liminality and transnational sovereignty
Authors: Baquedano-López Patricia , Méndez Cristina S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article we introduce the language practices of a group of Indigenous Maya students at an elementary school in northern California. We discuss how liminal experience in migration foregrounds an awareness of becoming and embodying multiple selves and of using multiple languages across the home, school, and community. Through an analysis of interview data from a three and a half-year ethnographic project at the school, we focus on two students’ strategies for learning and stewarding their Indigenous language. Their use and awareness of language offer examples of Indigenous resurgence and futurity as the young generation reclaims language in acts of transnational sovereignty. We argue that these students’ translanguaging practices represent their everyday actions as stewards of the language, and that in the process of learning their Indigenous language, these students enact forms of transnational sovereignty.
Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence in motion event conceptualisation in bilingual speakers of Spanish and English
Authors: Aveledo Fraibet , Athanasopoulos Panos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated bidirectional cross-linguistic influence on motion event (ME) expressions in bilingual speakers of two typological different languages (Talmy’s typology), Spanish (as L1) and English (as L2). Specifically, we investigated whether bilingual speakers struggle to learn ME expressions in the L2, and whether this process affects ME uses in the L1. Potential effects of L2 proficiency and L2 AoA in both L1 and L2 was also studied. ME expressions elicited from 6-second video-clips were analysed for manner and path components at the level of the verb and of the clause. Results support the hypothesis of bidirectional cross-linguistic influence on motion event conceptualization. In bilinguals’ L2, we observed patterns of restructuring, convergence and L1 transfer. In bilinguals’ L1, we reported structural and conceptualization patterns that seem to emerge from the contact with the L2. Proficiency and AoA showed modulation in the use of manner verbs on both L2 and L1.
Thorium as an abundant source of nuclear energy and challenges in separation science
Authors: Manchanda Vijay K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Today about 440 nuclear power plants, with total installed capacity of 390 GW(e) are in operation worldwide generating around 10% of global electricity which are largely fuelled by enriched uranium oxide [Nuclear Power in the World Today. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx]. Thorium is 3–4 times more abundant than uranium and needs to be exploited by countries with limited stock of uranium. Historically, there have been several attempts to develop Th based reactors, but none has reached commercial scale. In recent years, High Temperature Reactor based on thorium has gained prominence for production of hydrogen with long term goal of complete carbon neutrality. However, unlike natural uranium, which contains ∼0.7% fissile 235U isotope, natural thorium does not contain any ‘fissile’ material and is made up exclusively of the ‘fertile’ 232Th which can be converted to ‘fissile’ 233U, thereby enlarging the fissile material resources. However, there is a need to develop robust closed fuel cycle to address to the challenges of high gamma dose due to the presence of decay products of 232U. It is necessary to gain more experience with promising THOREX process to achieve the desired recovery and D.F. of 233U from the irradiated 232Th. There is also scope to have a close look at some of the alternative extractants and emerging separation techniques for the reprocessing of spent Th based fuels. In view of the distinct advantages of non aqueous reprocessing over aqueous reprocessing, there is need to intensify the efforts to develop the former on a commercial scale. Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) is particularly promising in this context. There is a need to investigate Th as energy amplifier under Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADSS) which has potential to burn long lived radio nuclides, considered as a threat to environment over million of years.
A Cross-Species Neuroimaging Study of Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on Human and Mouse Brain Anatomy
Authors: Guma Elisa , Beauchamp Antoine , Liu Siyuan , Levitis Elizabeth , Clasen Liv S. , Torres Erin , Blumenthal Jonathan , Lalonde Francois , Qiu Lily R. , Hrncir Haley , MacKenzie-Graham Allan , Yang Xia , Arnold Arthur P. , Lerch Jason P. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: January 2023

All eutherian mammals show chromosomal sex determination with contrasting sex chromosome dosages (SCDs) between males (XY) and females (XX). Studies in transgenic mice and humans with sex chromosome trisomy (SCT) have revealed direct SCD effects on regional mammalian brain anatomy, but we lack a formal test for cross-species conservation of these effects. Here, we develop a harmonized framework for comparative structural neuroimaging and apply this to systematically profile SCD effects on regional brain anatomy in both humans and mice by contrasting groups with SCT (XXY and XYY) versus XY controls. Total brain size was substantially altered by SCT in humans (significantly decreased by XXY and increased by XYY), but not in mice. Robust and spatially convergent effects of XXY and XYY on regional brain volume were observed in humans, but not mice, when controlling for global volume differences. However, mice do show subtle effects of XXY and XYY on regional volume, although there is not a general spatial convergence in these effects within mice or between species. Notwithstanding this general lack of conservation in SCT effects, we detect several brain regions that show overlapping effects of XXY and XYY both within and between species (cerebellar, parietal, and orbitofrontal cortex), thereby nominating high priority targets for future translational dissection of SCD effects on the mammalian brain. Our study introduces a generalizable framework for comparative neuroimaging in humans and mice and applies this to achieve a cross-species comparison of SCD effects on the mammalian brain through the lens of SCT.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSex chromosome dosage (SCD) affects neuroanatomy and risk for psychopathology in humans. Performing mechanistic studies in the human brain is challenging but possible in mouse models. Here, we develop a framework for cross-species neuroimaging analysis and use this to show that an added X- or Y-chromosome significantly alters human brain anatomy but has muted effects in the mouse brain. However, we do find evidence for conserved cross-species impact of an added chromosome in the fronto-parietal cortices and cerebellum, which point to regions for future mechanistic dissection of sex chromosome dosage effects on brain development.
The super elongation complex (SEC) mediates phase transition of SPT5 during transcriptional pause release
Authors: Guo Chenghao , Zhang Yadi , Shuai Shimin , Sigbessia Abire , Hao Shaohua , Xie Peng , Jiang Xu , Luo Zhuojuan , Lin Chengqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRelease of promoter‐proximally paused RNA Pol II into elongation is a tightly regulated and rate‐limiting step in metazoan gene transcription. However, the biophysical mechanism underlying pause release remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the pausing and elongation regulator SPT5 undergoes phase transition during transcriptional pause release. SPT5 per se is prone to form clusters. The disordered domain in SPT5 is required for pause release and gene activation. During early elongation, the super elongation complex (SEC) induces SPT5 transition into elongation droplets. Depletion of SEC increases SPT5 pausing clusters. Furthermore, disease‐associated SEC mutations impair phase properties of elongation droplets and transcription. Our study suggests that SEC‐mediated SPT5 phase transition might be essential for pause release and early elongation and that aberrant phase properties could contribute to transcription abnormality in diseases.
BTNL2 promotes colitis‐associated tumorigenesis in mice by regulating IL‐22 production
Authors: Peng Qianwen , Pan Ting , He Ruirui , Yi Ming , Feng Lingyun , Cui Zhihui , Gao Ru , Wang Heping , Feng Xiong , Li Hui , Wang Yuan , Zhang Cun‐jin , Cheng Du , Du Yanyun , Wang Chenhui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterleukin 22 (IL‐22) has an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis and many colorectal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and certain infections. However, the regulation of IL‐22 production in the intestinal system is still unclear. Here, we present evidence that butyrophilin‐like protein 2 (BTNL2) is required for colorectal IL‐22 production, and BTNL2 knockout mice show decreased colonic tumorigenesis and more severe colitis phenotypes than control mice due to defective production of IL‐22. Mechanistically, BTNL2 acts on group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), CD4+ T cells, and γδ T cells to promote the production of IL‐22. Importantly, we find that a monoclonal antibody against BTNL2 attenuates colorectal tumorigenesis in mice and that the mBTNL2‐Fc recombinant protein has a therapeutic effect in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis model. This study not only identifies a regulatory mechanism of IL‐22 production in the colorectal system but also provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Oral Feeding on High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Gray Sarah , Lee Begem , Levy Michael , Rungvivatjarus Tiranun , Patel Aarti , Mannino Avila Elizabeth , Fisher Erin , Rhee Kyung E. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
Oral feeding by children with bronchiolitis on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is questioned, resulting in high practice variability. Our objective was to determine the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and adverse feeding events in otherwise healthy children with bronchiolitis on HFNC who fed orally from admission.

METHODS
We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review, in a tertiary children’s hospital, of 876 children who were &lt;24 months old, admitted for bronchiolitis, and treated with HFNC in the pediatric ward from March 2017 to May 2020. Primary outcomes included the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and adverse feeding events. Secondary outcomes included escalation of care, frequency and duration of nil per os status, length of stay, and 7-day readmission.

RESULTS
Most patients (77.2%) met inclusion criteria and were fed orally within 2 hours of admission. The average maximum HFNC flow rate was 8 L/min (1 L/kg/min); the average maximum respiratory rate was 62 ± 10. Adverse feeding events occurred in 11 patients (1.6%), of which 3 had a concern for possible microaspiration. None were diagnosed with or treated for aspiration pneumonia. Few patients (8.1%) were made nil per os while on HFNC but returned to oral feeding by discharge.

CONCLUSION
Among those with bronchiolitis on HFNC who received oral nutrition on admission, there were few incidences of adverse feeding events and no diagnoses of aspiration pneumonia, suggesting that oral feeding while on HFNC can be well-tolerated in similar populations. However, this study was limited by its single-center retrospective design, and future prospective studies are needed.
Corrigendum: IC50: an unsuitable measure for large-sized prostate cancer spheroids in drug sensitivity evaluation
Authors: Kudic Bakir 
Published: January 2023

This corrigendum corrects the authorship information to: Yipeng Xu, Gabriela Pachnikova, He Wang, Yaoyao Wu, Dorothea Przybilla, Zihao Chen, Shaoxing Zhu, Ulrich Keilholz. At the request of Dr. Reinhold Schäfer and with the agreement of all authors, Dr. Reinhold Schäfer is excluded from the list of authors. Dr. Schäfer expresses no doubts about the article's results and conclusion but was erroneously included on the list of authors.
The authors sincerely apologize for the error and confirm that this correction does not change the conclusion of the article.
Prevalence and pattern of psychological disorders among key populations living with HIV/AIDS: findings from ECEWS supported global fund IMPACT project OSS centers in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okezie Onyedinachi , Raphael Aguanunu , Grace Jimbo , Esther Essien , Andy Eyo , Rebecca Badejo , Ngozi Okeke , George Odutuga , Olufemi Oke 
Published: January 2023

Nigeria ranks third among countries with the highest burden of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection in the world. The 2019 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey showed that 1.9 million people were living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria as of 2018 [1].
“Libros de privilegios” from the Castilian Towns of 13—14th Centuries
Authors: Popova Galina 
Published: January 2023

Modern medieval studies consider the “Libros de Privilegios” as an important and very informative source for the history of medieval municipal administration and the town chanceries. These manuscripts, being essentially cartularies, constitute a special group of legal texts originating from the city. The features of their codicology, paleography and illumination make it possible to study the development of document management practices in cities. The article compares the “Libros de Privilegios” from four towns of the Kingdom of Castile — Toledo, Seville, Murcia and Lorca. Ordered by concejos to municipal scribes, they testify to a common vector of development of municipal government in different towns, regardless of the time of their inclusion in the Kingdom of Castile. The books of privileges considered in the article were compiled in the period from the last quarter 13th century until the end of the 30s of the 14th century, although the Fuero of Toledo taken as a basis in them was formed and was issued in the form of a charter in the first quarter of the 13th century. After the consejos received from the king the Fuero of Toledo in the version of 1222 as a fundamental document regulating local legal life, they later either independently selected documents for inclusion in their «Libros de Privilegios» (Toledo, Seville, Murcia), or determined a sample for copying (Lorca).
Aatamanirbhar Bharat and Make in India: A step towards making India Self-dependant
Authors: Kumar Dr. Kishor 
Published: January 2023

AatmanirbharBharat is an advanced version of the Make in India. The term “Make in India” is an international slogan given by Indian Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi to attract foreign investment around the world. Campaign concentrated to fulfill the objective of new job creation, growth of GDP, boosting Indian economy, converting India to a self-reliant country, and to give global recognition to the Indian economy by making India as global manufacturing hub. The COVID-19 pandemic is having an exceptional impact on the world economies and India is also fighting with the pandemic situation. However, India got an opportunity to be stand out as global manufacture and self- reliance under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat program. In order to help the nation to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi emphasized the requirement of a self-reliant India. The idea focuses on reviving the economy, generating employment, supporting start-ups, promoting domestic production, budding enterprises, strengthening supply chains and empowering people. To grow Indian economical condition, the government has also announced a special economic package of worth Rs. Twenty lakh crore under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’.This research paper, which is an outcome of descriptive research, analyzes why India needed a plan like “Make in India” and needed India to become a “self-reliant India”, study also highlighted various initiatives taken by government to become self-reliant during pandemic situation and impactof this program on Indian economy.
Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of AI-Language Learning Tools
Authors: Rebolledo Font de la Vall Roxana , González Araya Fabián 
Published: January 2023

AI language learning tools are computer programs or software applications that use artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to help users learn and improve their skills in a foreign language. These technologies provide a variety of advantages, including the capacity to reduce time and increase learning speed, to give learners personalized learning experiences, and to introduce them to other cultures. In this study, scientific literature has been reviewed in order to analyze opportunities, challenges and limitations to using AI language learning tools, including the need for more human interaction, and contextual nuances of language, and dependence on large amounts of data for training.
These AI tools have several potential future advances, including integrating VR and AR technologies, improving natural language processing algorithms, and developing more advanced adaptive learning algorithms. By addressing these issues and constraints, AI learning systems have the potential to become even more powerful and impactful tools for language learning, and their integration plays a crucial role in designing more effective and efficient learning user experience solutions.
A critical psychometrical analysis of customer relationship management practices in the Local Government Authorities in SADC
Authors: Chiguvi Douglas 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is to explore the critical success factors for CRM in the local government authorities in SADC. Although many empirical studies have been conducted on customer-relationship-management (CRM), little research on the psychometric properties of CRM scale items in the local government authorities’ context has been conducted. This empirical study, based on key informant data drawn from sampled local government authorities in three SADC countries (Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa), developed a reliable scale with demonstrated content and convergent validity. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed using the Amos 18 version and the SPSS version 20 software. The study results revealed that for CRM Strategy success to be achieved, LGA needs to consider the following factors: Due diligence, Strategy focus and alignment, customer focus, change management, Implementation Strategy, Implementation approach, Metrics, Project management, Process design, Buy-in and adoption. Therefore, the study results suggested that city and town council managers must seriously consider all the ten critical success factors to improve the CRM performance of local government authorities.
The Analysis of Efforts to Prevent Anemia in Pregnant Women during the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Sumailan Gita Patria , Dinengsih Sri , Siauta Jenny 
Published: January 2023

Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah global yang menimbulkan dampak bagi ibu dan janin. Anemia pada masa kehamilan dikaitkan dengan angka kesakitan ibu dan penyebab tidak langsung kematian ibu di seluruh populasi ibu hamil. Pada Tahun 2019 di Puskesmas Iwoimendaa Kabupaten Kolaka sebanyak 51,63% ibu hamil mengalami anemia, dan pada tahun 2020 sampai dengan bulan Oktober angka anemia mengalami peningkatan menjadi 62,98%. Semua layanan masyarakat dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19 ini banyak mengalami pembatasan ke termasuk pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal sehingga resiko meningkatnya angka kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil pada saat pandemic ini. Untuk mengetahui upaya pencegahan anemia ibu hamil pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Puskesmas Iwoimendaa Kabupaten Kolaka. penelitian ini adalah studi analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil di Puskesmas Iwoimendaa yang berjumlah 100 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara upaya pencegahan anemia dengan gizi (p value = 0,035), pola makan (p value = 0,001), dukungan keluarga (p value = 0,001), kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe (p value = 0,029). Variable dominan dengan upaya pencegahan anemia pada masa pandemi covid-19 adalah pengetahuan tentang gizi, pola makan, dukungan keluarga dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe. Sebaiknya petugas Kesehatan dalam masa pandemi covid-19 ini dapat menyusun strategi yang tepat agar ibu hamil dapat mengakses pelayanan antenatal, informasi tentang kesehatan ibu hamil dan pemberian tablet fe.
Movement Law of Overlying Strata and Abutment Pressure Redistribution Characteristic Based on Rigid Block
Authors: Yuan Fang , Tang Jianxin , Kong Lingrui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Roof movement induced by coal excavation is the immediate cause of rock pressure redistribution and strata behavior. The rigid block in PFC3D was used to generate a multijointed rock mass, and the PFC3D–FLAC3D coupling model was used to study the movement law of the highly developed structural plane of the overlying strata. Strata movement and abutment pressure redistribution characteristics were obtained. The numerical simulation results showed that the multijointed rock mass model reproduced a rock mass with highly developed structural planes. After coal seam mining, the immediate roof caved and filled the goaf, forming an irregular and regular caved zone. The immediate roof shear slipped along the coal wall. The fracture of the basic roof formed a fractured zone, and the maximum height of the fractured zone first increased and then decreased, exhibiting continuous slow subsidence. The fluctuation of the front abutment pressure was reduced, and the abutment pressure in the goaf jumps was discontinuous. The abutment pressure in the goaf was high in the middle and low on both sides. After the initial fracture of the basic roof, the stress concentration of some rock blocks in the goaf exceeded the in-situ stress, and the average abutment pressure increased with the working face advancing length. With the coal wall of the working face gradually moving away from the goaf, the abutment pressure of the goaf first increased and then remained unchanged; the porosity first decreased sharply and then declined slowly; the coordination number of particles rose sharply and then increased slowly, indicating that the goaf gradually stabilized. Similar simulation results indicated that the variation law of abutment pressure, caving characteristics of the immediate roof, and continuous slow subsidence of the basic roof were the same as those of the numerical simulation.
Shear-Wave Splitting Analysis Using Optimization Algorithms
Authors: He Zhengtao , Yang Yuyong , Zhou Huailai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Shear-wave splitting (SWS) analysis is used to predict fractures in subsurface media. Specifically, two parameters relevant to SWS analysis (the azimuth of the fast shear wave and the time delay between the fast and slow shear waves) are used to quantify the main azimuth and degree of the fracture development, respectively. However, the algorithms of SWS analysis using a grid search have relatively low computational efficiency, as they need to calculate the objective function values of all grid points. To improve the efficiency of SWS analysis, we proposed new algorithms using the gradient descent, Newton, and advance-retreat methods. The new methods use the direction of the fastest gradient descent, the intersection points of the tangent plane of the first-order objective function with the zero plane, and narrowing the range of extremum points to determine the search path. Therefore, this removes the necessity to compare all grid points in the value region. We compared the three methods and the rotation-correlation method, and both synthetic and field data tests indicated that all three methods had higher computational efficiency than the traditional grid search method. Among the proposed methods, the gradient-descent method obtained the most accurate results for both synthetic and field data. Our study shows that SWS analysis combined with the gradient-descent method can accurately and efficiently obtain SWS parameters for fracture prediction.