bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive insight into the molecular effect of theobromine on cardiovascular‐related risk factors: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Sharifi‐Zahabi Elham , Hajizadeh‐Sharafabad Fatemeh , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Mirzaian Soheila , Darbandi Sahar , Shidfar Farzad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTheobromine may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to find molecular effects of theobromine on lipid profile, glycemic status, inflammatory factors, and vascular function through a comprehensive assessment of all in vitro and in vivo studies. The search process was started at 18 July 2022. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find all articles published up to 18 July 2022. Nineteen studies were included in this study. In vitro studies showed the improving effects of theobromine on inflammatory markers. Of four animal studies assessing the effect of theobromine on inflammatory markers, two reported favorable effects. Among five animal studies assessing the effects of theobromine on lipid profile, three reported improving effects on either triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‐ or high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Of the three human studies, two revealed that theobromine had improving effects on lipid profile. A favorable effect of theobromine on augmentation index was also reported in two RCTs. The results for other outcomes were inconclusive. Theobromine may have favorable effects on inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and vascular function markers. However, studies with a longer duration and lower, dietary‐relevant doses are required for future confirmation.
Extreme precipitation at Padang, Sumatra triggered by convectively coupled Kelvin waves
Authors: Senior Natasha V. , Matthews Adrian J. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Webster Stuart , Jones Richard W. , Permana Donaldi S. , Paski Jaka A. I. , Fadila Riska 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConvectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are tropical weather systems that travel eastward along the equatorial waveguide and have previously been linked to 90% of flooding events in Sumatra, Indonesia. Here, the processes through which CCKWs influence convection to produce extreme precipitation are investigated, with a focus on Padang, a city on the west coast of Sumatra. Extreme precipitation days at Padang, defined as days when the daily total precipitation exceeds the percentile, are found to be 59% more likely to occur given the presence of a CCKW. We find that CCKWs modulate the diurnal cycle to produce extreme precipitation. This is achieved firstly through providing low‐level moisture and convergence that acts to couple the Kelvin wave to the convection. Secondly, the CCKW acts to displace the convergence zone towards Padang, such that it experiences rainfall that persists throughout the night and peaks the following day in the early evening. We examine the case study of a CCKW that passed over Padang on August 21, 2017, bringing extreme precipitation that led to flooding in the West Sumatra region, recording a maximum daily accumulated rainfall of 137 mm. This case study showed remarkably similar characteristics in its propagation, structure, and precipitation patterns to composite studies of CCKWs. The performance of a suite of convection‐permitting configurations of the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), embedded within a parameterised convection global model, in forecasting this CCKW is evaluated. In general, all configurations of the model capture this event reasonably well. We find that extending the western boundary of the high‐resolution model domain from 90°E to 65°E leads to a significantly improved forecast, as the CCKW development over the Indian Ocean is captured more accurately by the high‐resolution nested model, compared with the lower‐resolution global driving model.
Light‐Powered Self‐Adaptive Mesostructured Microrobots for Simultaneous Microplastics Trapping and Fragmentation via in situ Surface Morphing
Authors: Ullattil Sanjay Gopal , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroplastics, which comprise one of the omnipresent threats to human health, are diverse in shape and composition. Their negative impacts on human and ecosystem health provide ample incentive to design and execute strategies to trap and degrade diversely structured microplastics, especially from water. This work demonstrates the fabrication of single‐component TiO2 superstructured microrobots to photo‐trap and photo‐fragment microplastics. In a single reaction, rod‐like microrobots diverse in shape and with multiple trapping sites, are fabricated to exploit the asymmetry of the microrobotic system advantageous for propulsion. The microrobots work synergistically to photo‐catalytically trap and fragment microplastics in water in a coordinated fashion. Hence, a microrobotic model of “unity in diversity” is demonstrated here for the phototrapping and photofragmentation of microplastics. During light irradiation and subsequent photocatalysis, the surface morphology of microrobots transformed into porous flower‐like networks that trap microplastics for subsequent degradation. This reconfigurable microrobotic technology represents a significant step forward in the efforts to degrade microplastics.
Aerobic Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Stenkvist Simon , Bacaicoa Sara , Goossens Ellymay , Sundén Henrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ease with which simple starting materials can be transformed into highly functionalized products has made oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis an area of significant interest. However, the use of stoichiometric amounts of high molecular weight oxidants in most reactions generates an undesired equivalent amount of waste. To address this issue, the use of oxygen as the terminal oxidant in NHC catalysis has been developed. Oxygen is attractive due to its low cost, low molecular weight, and ability to generate water as the sole by‐product. However, molecular oxygen is challenging to use as a reagent in organic synthesis due to its unreactive ground state, which often requires reactions to be run at high temperatures and results in the formation of kinetic side‐products. This review covers the development of aerobic oxidative carbene catalysis, including NHC‐catalyzed reactions with oxygen, strategies for oxygen activation, and selectivity issues under aerobic conditions.
Current State of Microflow Trifluoromethylation Reactions
Authors: Sumii Yuji , Shibata Norio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl group is a powerful structural motif in drugs and polymers; thus, developing trifluoromethylation reactions is an important area of research in organic chemistry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in developing new methods for the trifluoromethylation of organic molecules, ranging from nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches to transition‐metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrolytic reactions. While these reactions were initially developed in batch systems, more recent microflow versions are highly attractive for industrial applications owing to their scalability, safety, and time efficiency. In this review, we discuss the current state of microflow trifluoromethylation. Approaches for microflow trifluoromethylation based on different trifluoromethylation reagents are described, including continuous flow, flow photochemical, microfluidic electrochemical reactions, and large‐scale microflow reactions.
Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) seed oil prevents benzo(a)pyrene‐induced prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bakam Berlise Yengwa , Pambe Judith Christiane Ngo , Grey Timothy , Maxeiner Sebastian , Rutz Jochen , Njamen Dieudonne , Blaheta Roman A. , Zingue Stéphane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite enormous progress in modern medicine, prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality. Although studies have shown in vitro antitumor effects of cucurbitacins from Cucumis sativus, the in vivo anticancer effect of the seed oil as a whole, has yet to be demonstrated. The present study evaluated the in vitro anticancer mechanisms of C. sativus (CS) seed oil and its possible chemopreventive potential on benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)‐induced PCa in Wistar rat. In vitro cell growth, clone formation, cell death mechanism, cell adhesion and migration as well as expression of integrins β‐1 and β‐4 were assessed. In vivo PCa was induced in 56 male rats versus 8 normal control rats, randomized in normal (NOR) and negative (BaP) control groups which, received distilled water; the positive control group (Caso) was treated with casodex (13.5 mg/kg BW). One group received the total seed extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg BW; while the remaining three groups were treated with CS seed oil at 42.5, 85, and 170 mg/kg BW. The endpoints were: morphologically (prostate tumor weight and volume), biochemically (total protein, prostate specific antigen (PSA), oxidative stress markers such as MDA, GSH, catalase, and SOD) and histologically. As results, CS seed oil significantly and concentration‐dependently reduced the DU145 prostate cancer cell growth and clone formation (optimum = 100 μg/mL). It slightly increased the number of apoptotic cells and inhibited the migration and invasion of DU145 cells, while it decreased their adhesion to immobilized collagen and fibrinogen. The expression of integrin β‐1 and β‐4 was increased in presence of 100 μg/mL CS oil. In vivo, the BaP significantly elevated the incidence of PC tumors (75%), the total protein and PSA levels, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐6) and MDA levels compared to NOR. CS seeds oil significantly counteracted the effect of BaP by decreasing significantly the PC incidence (12.5%), and increasing the level of antioxidant (SOD, GSH, and catalase) and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 in serum. While in BaP group PCa adenocarninoma was the most representative neoplasm, rats treated with 85 and 170 mg/kg prevented it in the light of the casodex. It is conclude that CS may provide tumor suppressive effects in vitro and in vivo which makes it an interesting candidate to support the current treatment protocol.
Establishment of a prognostic model to predict chemotherapy response and identification of RAC3 as a chemotherapeutic target in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Yuelong , Huang Ming , Lu Junlin , Zhang Qiang , Wu Jilin , Peng Shengmeng , Chen Siting , Zhang Yangjie , Cheng Liang , Lin Tianxin , Chen Xu , Huang Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCisplatin‐based chemotherapy is considered the primary treatment option for patients with advanced bladder cancer (BCa). However, the objective response rate to chemotherapy is often unsatisfactory, leading to a poor 5‐year survival rate. Furthermore, current strategies for evaluating chemotherapy response and prognosis are limited and inefficient. In this study, we aimed to address these challenges by establishing a chemotherapy response type gene (CRTG) signature consisting of 9 genes and verified the prognostic value of this signature using TCGA and GEO BCa cohorts. The risk scores based on the CRTG signature were found to be associated with advanced clinicopathological status and demonstrated favorable predictive power for chemotherapy response in the TCGA cohort. Meanwhile, tumors with high risk scores exhibited a tendency toward a “cold tumor” phenotype. These tumors showed a low abundance of T cells, CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes, along with a high abundance of cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Moreover, they displayed higher mRNA levels of these immune checkpoints: CD200, CD276, CD44, NRP1, PDCD1LG2 (PD‐L2), and TNFSF9. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram that integrated the CRTG signature with clinicopathologic risk factors. This nomogram proved to be a more effective tool for predicting the prognosis of BCa patients. Additionally, we identified Rac family small GTPase 3 (RAC3) as a biomarker in our model. RAC3 was found to be overexpressed in chemoresistant BCa tissues and enhance the chemotherapeutic resistance of BCa cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the PAK1‐ERK1/2 pathway. In conclusion, our study presents a novel CRTG model for predicting chemotherapy response and prognosis in BCa. We also highlight the potential of combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy as a promising strategy for chemoresistant BCa and that RAC3 might be a latent target for therapeutic intervention.
Development and validation of energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence method for quantification of cubic zirconia in diamond matrix
Authors: Chauhan Dharmendrakumar S. , Keer Nanddeep N. , Ghanekar Vinay V. , Bujade Prajakta P. , Gaonkar Mahesh P. , Acharya R. , Bagla Hemlata K. , Reddy A. V. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQualitative and quantitative tests of gemstones and diamonds are routinely performed nondestructively in the laboratory of Gemmological Institute of India (GII), Mumbai, India. Qualitative tests are based on microscopic examination. Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is used in the laboratory for quantitative analysis of elements. However, in some cases like determination of trace levels of cubic zirconia (CZ) in diamond powder, it is difficult to estimate simultaneously both CZ and diamond powder directly using EDXRF method. In view of this, a method was developed for estimation of ZrO2 present at low levels in diamond powder. In this method, EDXRF spectra of a series of simulated mixtures containing ZrO2 were measured. Peak areas under the characteristic Kα x‐ray of Zr (15.7 keV) in each mixture were computed and, a calibration plot was made between the peak areas and % fractions of ZrO2. From the calibration plot, a dynamic range of 0.1%–10% was obtained. From XRF spectra of the test sample, in duplicate, of diamond powder, Zr was estimated using the peak area and the percentage fraction was found to be 0.181 ± 0.020. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used for method validation with the same set of simulated samples used in EDXRF analysis. Results obtained by both the methods are found to be in good agreement and this newly developed method based on EDXRF spectrometry is in regular use in GII.
Developing leader identity across the lifespan
Authors: Johnson Stefanie K. , Murphy Susan Elaine , Riggio Ronald E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article reviews foundational scholarship related to leader development, including implications of the integrative theory of leader development and the dynamic model of leader development across the lifespan. Authors provide a rationale for why college is a critical juncture for creating ethical and inclusive leaders for the future and offer suggestions for ways to enhance leadership education.
Adaptive topology optimization of fail-safe truss structures
Authors: Fairclough Helen E. , He Linwei , Asfaha Tekle B. , Rigby Sam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAvoidance of disproportionate and progressive collapse, often termed ‘fail-safe design’, is a key consideration in the design of buildings and infrastructure. This paper addresses the problem of fail-safe truss topology optimization in the setting of plastic design, where damage is defined as a moveable circular region in which members are considered to have zero strength for that particular load case. A rigorous and computationally efficient iterative solution strategy is employed in both the dual (member adding) and primal (damage-case adding) problems simultaneously, which allows cases of high complexity and many damage cases (maximum of 16290 potential members and 16291 damage cases) to be solved to the global optimum. Common member-based damage definitions (e.g. damage to any one member) are shown to be highly dependent on the nodal grid; in the limiting case completely negating the effect of the fail-safe constraints. The method proposed in this article does not have such limitations, enabling a more sophisticated and robust treatment of fail-safe design. Moreover, the global minimization and high resolutions create new benchmarks for the least-material designs of ‘fail-safe’ structures using rigid-plastic materials. A number of example structures are considered (short cantilever, square cantilever, multi-span truss), and the effects of damage radius, location, and structure rationalisation are discussed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of Doppler ultrasonography of the superior mesenteric artery in detecting neonates at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Kapetaniou Konstantina , Machas Pavlos , Balomenou Foteini , Giapros Vasileios , Saliakellis Efstratios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe role of postnatal Doppler measurements of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in detecting neonates at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains uncertain; therefore, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the existing evidence regarding the usefulness of SMA Doppler measurements in detecting neonates at risk for NEC. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and we included studies which reported the following Doppler ultrasonography indices: peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, time average mean velocity, differential velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Evidence suggested that, during the first postnatal day, neonates who developed NEC had a significantly higher peak systolic velocity (mean difference of 2.65 cm/s (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 4.06, overall effect Z=3.66, P<0.001)), higher PI (mean difference of 1.52 (95% CI 0.00, 3.04, Z=1.96, P=0.05)) and higher resistive index (mean difference of 1.09 (95% CI 0.59, 1.60, Z=4.24, P<0.001)), compared to neonates who did not develop NEC. However, our findings do not support a strong association between the Doppler ultrasound indices and development of NEC at the time of disease onset. This meta-analysis suggests that first postnatal day SMA Doppler parameters, namely peak systolic velocity, PI and resistive index, are higher in neonates who develop NEC. On the other hand, the aforementioned indices are of uncertain significance once the diagnosis of NEC has been established.
Graphical abstract
Towards malaria elimination: analysis of travel history and case forecasting using the SARIMA model in Limpopo Province
Authors: Oyegoke Olukunle O. , Adewumi Taiye S. , Aderoju Samuel A. , Tsundzukani Ntimbane , Mabunda Eric , Adeleke Matthew A. , Maharaj Rajendra , Okpeku Moses 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite various efforts and policy implementation aimed at controlling and eliminating malaria, imported malaria remains a major factor posing challenges in places that have made progress in malaria elimination. The persistence of malaria in Limpopo Province has largely been attributed to imported cases, thus reducing the pace of achieving the malaria-free target by 2025. Data from the Limpopo Malaria Surveillance Database System (2010–2020) was analyzed, and a seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was developed to forecast malaria incidence based on the incidence data’s temporal autocorrelation. The study found that out of 57,288 people that were tested, 51,819 (90.5%) cases were local while 5469 (9.5%) cases were imported. Mozambique (44.9%), Zimbabwe (35.7%), and Ethiopia (8.5%) were the highest contributors of imported cases. The month of January recorded the highest incidence of cases while the least was in August. Analysis of the yearly figures showed an increasing trend and seasonal variation of recorded malaria cases. The SARIMA (3,1,1) X (3,1,0) [12] model used in predicting expected malaria case incidences for three consecutive years showed a decline in malaria incidences. The study demonstrated that imported malaria accounted for 9.5% of all cases. There is a need to re-focus on health education campaigns on malaria prevention methods and strengthening of indoor residual spray programs. Bodies collaborating toward malaria elimination in the Southern Africa region need to ensure a practical delivery of the objectives.
A Recursive Theta Body for Hypergraphs
Authors: Castro-Silva Davi , de Oliveira Filho Fernando Mário , Slot Lucas , Vallentin Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe theta body of a graph, introduced by Grötschel, Lovász, and Schrijver (in 1986), is a tractable relaxation of the independent-set polytope derived from the Lovász theta number. In this paper, we recursively extend the theta body, and hence the theta number, to hypergraphs. We obtain fundamental properties of this extension and relate it to the high-dimensional Hoffman bound of Filmus, Golubev, and Lifshitz. We discuss two applications: triangle-free graphs and Mantel’s theorem, and bounds on the density of triangle-avoiding sets in the Hamming cube.
Spuren der bronzezeitlichen Kupferverhüttung in der Radmer, Steiermark, Österreich
Authors: Klemm Susanne , Strobl Susanne , Haubner Roland 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Radmer, Steiermark, Österreich wurden mehrere bronzezeitliche Kupferschlackenfundplätze nachgewiesen. Von drei Fundstellen wurden Kupferschlacken und Ofenwandfragmente sowie ein kleiner Kupfergusskuchen unbekannter Zeitstellung werkstoffkundlich untersucht.Die Plattenschlacken weisen eine homogene Schlackenstruktur auf und enthalten teilweise nicht umgesetzte Erzpartikel in verschiedenen Oxidationsstadien. Teilweise wurden im Vergleich zu anderen Schlacken erhöhte Konzentrationen an Al und K nachgewiesen, was auf die Verwendung von Ton schließen lässt. Bei den Ofenwandfragmenten ist deutlich der Übergang von der aufgeschmolzenen Schlacke zur lehmigen Ofeninnenwand zu sehen.Der Kupfergusskuchen enthält Sb-O-Verbindungen sowie Delafossit (Cu3Ni2SbO6) jedoch wenig S und As. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, dass verwitterte Kupfer- beziehungsweise Fahlerze für die Erzverhüttung verwendet wurden.
Long-term prediction for vertical bending moment utilizing the AIS data and global wave data
Authors: Oka Masayoshi , Ma Chong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUtilizing the AIS data and global ocean wave data, the vertical bending moment (VBM) that acted on the actual ships was clarified. The long-term prediction was performed based on the short-term analysis of VBM on actual ships in the worldwide sea area. The effect of storm avoidance operations on wave height is about 22% in worldwide sea area. The effect on VBM in the worldwide sea is about 16%. These effects are greater than that in North Atlantic.