bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rigidity in crisis: The impact of OHSAS 18001 certification on production repurposing during COVID‐19
Authors: Ye Yuxiao , Jiang Shenyang , Fan Di , Huo Baofeng , Liu Maggie Wenjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is important for firms to repurpose production responsively during a crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, to seize the market opportunity and create social value. However, occupational health and safety (OHS) can also be a concern in a crisis, and adherence to OHS management systems can undermine a firm's responsiveness in repurposing decision making. We adopt the “capability–rigidity” lens to construct a connection between OHS management standards (i.e., OHSAS 18001) and firms’ adaptation responsiveness. After sampling 734 listed Chinese manufacturing firms, our match‐based analysis reveals that firms certified with OHSAS 18001 were less responsive during COVID‐19 in terms of production repurposing than those without the certification. Yet, certain experience, namely, prepandemic manufacturing of related products, experience of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, and being geographically located close to firms that produced medical supplies, could attenuate this effect. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of and adding to the literature on safety management, certified management standards, and organizational adaptation and learning.
Narrowing the gender digital divide in Pakistan: Mobile phone ownership and female labor force participation
Authors: Amber Hina , Chichaibelu Bezawit Beyene 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented growth in access to mobile phones and smartphones has opened up new possibilities in the way people live and work. However, women in developing countries are unable to take advantage of this growth due to certain factors and socio‐cultural norms that give rise to the gender digital divide. In this study, using the nationally representative Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (2019–2020), we investigate the gender and rural–urban (female) digital divide in a country with one of the most considerable digital divides. Furthermore, we employ an instrumental variable approach to study the effect of mobile or smartphone ownership on female labor force participation. The results indicate that institutional and sociocultural norms explain most of the ownership gap of mobile or smartphones between men and women. The instrumental variable approach demonstrates that mobile or smartphone ownership increases the participation of women in the labor force. We also find that the differences between observable characteristics, especially literacy and education, explain the rural–urban digital divide among females. Considering the importance of mobile or smartphone ownership in facilitating women's labor supply decisions, providing women with digital tools and upskilling them has wider implications for their economic well‐being.
Temporal trend, spatial analysis and spatiotemporal clusters of infant mortality associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil: Time series from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Melo Matheus Santos , Cabrera Luís Antônio Alvarado , Lima Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida , dos Santos Allan Dantas , Oliveira Lilian Maria Garcia Bahia , de Oliveira Renata Carla , de Sousa Menezes Janaína , de Figueiredo Josivânia Arrais , de Moura Lane Viviane Fragoso , de Lima Júnior Francisco Edilson Ferreira , da Rocha Moreira Rosalynd Vinicios 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the spatial, temporal and spatial–temporal patterns of infant mortality associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil between the years 2000 and 2020.MethodsEcological study of time series, with spatial analysis and spatiotemporal scan of infant mortality associated with congenital toxoplasmosis from the records of deaths of the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The rates were smoothed by the Local Empirical Bayesian model. The Global Moran Index, Global Geary's Contiguity and Getis‐Ord General statistics were calculated for spatial autocorrelation assessment. The trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint method.ResultsWe identified 1183 infant deaths associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in Brazil between 2000 and 2020. The predominant characteristics were male sex (52.1%), post‐neonatal age group (51.9%), white race/colour (45.7%), and Southeast region of residence (40.0%). The infant mortality rate associated with congenital toxoplasmosis showed an increasing trend in the country in the years analysed. The spatial analysis showed heterogeneous distribution of mortality in the Brazilian territory and found no evidence of spatial autocorrelation; but spatial–temporal analysis identified three risk clusters involving 703 municipalities.ConclusionInfant mortality associated with congenital toxoplasmosis is a persistent public health problem in Brazil. The risk factors male sex, indigenous race/colour, early neonatal age, North and Northeast regions and risk clusters mapped in this study should be observed for future analysis and planning of health care policies in the control of infant deaths associated with congenital toxoplasmosis. Health surveillance strategies and public health policies need to be strengthened.
Cortical potentials time‐locked to discrete postural events during quiet standing are facilitated during postural threat exposure
Authors: Zaback Martin , Missen Kyle J. , Adkin Allan L. , Chua Romeo , Inglis J. Timothy , Carpenter Mark G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring unperturbed bipedal standing, postural control is governed primarily by subcortical and spinal networks. However, it is unclear if cortical networks begin to play a greater role when stability is threatened. This study investigated how initial and repeated exposure to a height‐related postural threat modulates cortical potentials time‐locked to discrete centre of pressure (COP) events during standing. Twenty‐seven young adults completed a series of 90‐s standing trials at LOW (0.8 m above the ground, away from edge) and HIGH (3.2 m above the ground, at edge) threat conditions. Three LOW trials were completed before and after 15 consecutive HIGH trials. Participants stood on a force plate while electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. To examine changes in cortical activity in response to discrete postural events, prominent forward and backward peaks in the anterior–posterior COP time series were identified. EEG data were waveform‐averaged to these events and the amplitude of event‐related cortical activity was calculated. At the LOW condition, event‐related potentials (ERPs) were scarcely detectable. However, once individuals stood at the HIGH condition, clear ERPs were observed, with more prominent potentials being observed for forward (edge‐directed), compared to backward, COP events. Since forward COP peaks accelerate the centre of mass away from the platform edge, these results suggest there is intermittent recruitment of cortical networks that may be involved in the detection and minimization of postural sway toward a perceived threat. This altered cortical engagement appears resistant to habituation and may contribute to threat‐related balance changes that persist following repeated threat exposure.
imageKey points
While standing balance control is regulated primarily by subcortical and spinal processes, it is unclear if cortical networks play a greater role when stability is threatened.
This study examined how cortical potentials time‐locked to prominent peaks in the anterior–posterior centre of pressure (COP) time series were modulated by exposure to a height‐related postural threat.
While cortical potentials recorded over the primary sensorimotor cortices were scarcely detectable under non‐threatening conditions, clear cortical potentials were observed when individuals stood under conditions of height‐related threat.
Cortical potentials were larger in response to COP peaks directed toward, compared to away from, the platform edge, and showed limited habituation with repeated threat exposure.
Since forward COP peaks accelerate the centre of mass away from the platform edge, these findings suggest that when balance is threatened, there is intermittent recruitment of cortical networks, which may minimize the likelihood of falling in the direction of a perceived threat.
Pressure Distribution in Oil Films of Journal Bearings
Authors: McKee S. A. , McKee T. R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One fact which is becoming widely recognized by users of journal bearings is that under proper conditions of operation the load applied to a journal bearing is supported by the hydrostatic pressures built up in a film of lubricant wedged between and completely separating the journal and bearing. This paper describes an investigation at the Bureau of Standards the purpose of which was to determine the distribution of pressure in the oil film of a full journal bearing for various conditions of operation and of bearing construction. A specially designed apparatus provided a means for measuring the film pressures at practically all points on the surface of a bearing when operating under different conditions of load, speed, and viscosity of the lubricant. The results of nine tests made under conditions involving changes in clearance, load, speed, and viscosity are presented graphically in the form of pressure-distribution curves. In conclusion the characteristics of the film-pressure distribution are summarized, and further steps toward a better understanding of the pressure distribution are outlined.
Torsional Vibration of Aircraft Engine Crankshafts
Authors: Lundquist W. G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Results of the study of torsional vibration of aircraft engine crankshafts are presented. Almost all engines have one or more easily detectable critical speeds for torsional crankshaft vibration. If one such critical speed should fall in the operating range of the engine, it is likely to cause trouble. Many apparently unrelated failures of engine parts can be traced to crankshaft vibration. It is therefore important that the vibration characteristics of every engine model be known so as to intelligently develop its design for maximum reliable power output.
Making Robotic Swarms Trustful: A Blockchain-Based Perspective
Authors: Thakur Atul , Sahoo Swagatika , Mukherjee Arnab , Halder Raju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lately, the importance of swarm robotics has been recognized in a wide range of areas, including logistics, surveillance, disaster management, agriculture, and other industrial applications. The swarm intelligence introduced by the existing paradigm of artificial intelligence and machine learning often ignores the aspect of providing security and reliability guarantees. Consider a futuristic scenario wherein self-driving cars will transport people, self-driving trucks will carry cargo between warehouses, and a combination of legged robots/drones will ship cargo from warehouses to doorsteps. In the case of such a heterogeneous swarm of robots, it is crucial to ensure a trustful and reliable operating platform for smooth coordination, collaborative decision-making via appropriate consensus, and seamless information sharing while ensuring data security. In this direction, blockchain has been proven to be an effective technology that maintains the transactions (records) in a trustful manner after being validated through consensus. This guarantees accountability, transparency, and trust concerning the storage, safeguarding, and sharing of information among the parties. In this paper, we provide a walkthrough demonstrating the feasibility of using blockchain technology to make the robotic swarm trustful systems in their adoption to critical applications at large-scale. We highlight the pros and cons of the use of cloud vis-a-vis blockchain in swarm robotics. Finally, we present various future research opportunities pertaining to the adoption of blockchain technology in swarm robotics applications.
Patient appropriateness for total knee arthroplasty and predicted probability of a good outcome
Authors: Hawker Gillian A , Bohm Eric , Dunbar Michael J , Faris Peter , Jones C Allyson , Noseworthy Tom , Ravi Bheeshma , Woodhouse Linda J , Marshall Deborah A 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesOne-fifth of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recipients experience a suboptimal outcome. Incorporation of patients’ preferences in TKA assessment may improve outcomes. We determined the discriminant ability of preoperative measures of TKA need, readiness/willingness and expectations for a good TKA outcome.MethodsIn patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing primary TKA, we preoperatively assessed TKA need (Western Ontario-McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) Pain Score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) function, arthritis coping), health status, readiness (Patient Acceptable Symptom State, depressive symptoms), willingness (definitely yes—yes/no) and expectations (outcomes deemed ‘very important’). A good outcome was defined as symptom improvement (met Outcome Measures in Rheumatology and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT–OARSI) responder criteria) and satisfaction with results 1 year post TKA. Using logistic regression, we assessed independent outcome predictors, model discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and the predicted probability of a good outcome for different need, readiness/willingness and expectations scenarios.ResultsOf 1,053 TKA recipients (mean age 66.9 years (SD 8.8); 58.6% women), 78.1% achieved a good outcome. With TKA need alone (WOMAC pain subscale, KOOS physical function short-form), model discrimination was good (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.71). Inclusion of readiness/willingness, depressive symptoms and expectations regarding kneeling, stair climbing, well-being and performing recreational activities improved discrimination (p=0.01; optimism corrected AUC 0.70, 0.66–0.74). The predicted probability of a good outcome ranged from 44.4% (33.9–55.5) to 92.4% (88.4–95.1) depending on level of TKA need, readiness/willingness, depressive symptoms and surgical expectations.ConclusionsAlthough external validation is required, our findings suggest that incorporation of patients’ TKA readiness, willingness and expectations in TKA decision-making may improve the proportion of recipients that experience a good outcome.
Effects and safety of hypertonic saline combined with airway clearance in non-hospitalized children with recurrent wheezing
Authors: González-Bellido Vanesa , Veláz-Baza Verónica , Rama-Suárez Noelia , Jimeno-Esteo Carmen , Sirvent-Gomez Josep , Cuenca-Zaldívar Juan Nicolás , Mayorales-lises Sari , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Fernández-Carnero Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Background: The International Study of Wheezing in Infants defines recurrent wheezing as the presence of three or more medically documented episodes of wheezing within one year. To date, there is no evidence on the use of hypertonic saline (HS) combined with airway clearance techniques (ACT) for children with recurrent wheezing treated in an outpatient setting. Therefore, this is the first study to explore the use of such interventions in infants with recurrent wheezing. Objectives: To evaluate the effects and safety of a three-month protocol including HS and ACT for non-hospitalized infants with recurrent wheezing. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, including outpatient infants with recurrent wheezing. Children were randomized to either 3% HS or 0.9% saline groups and were treated with bronchodilator and nebulized with the respective solutions before ACT. The primary outcome was the Wang score. Secondary outcomes included the number of hospitalizations and respiratory crisis, need for rescue medication, and school absences. All variables were measured during the three previous months from inclusion and during intervention period. The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04331496) on March, 31, 2020. Results: Forty children were included. Regarding immediate effects, significant differences ([Formula: see text]) were found for time, but not for group or interaction (group × time), in all outcome variables (increase in SpO2, decrease in heart and respiratory rate, wheezing episodes, retraction, and Wang score). Comparing the previous three months with the study period, there were significant differences in both groups for the severity of crisis ([Formula: see text]) and medication steps ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: A three-month protocol including HS and ACT for outpatient infants with recurrent wheezing was safe and reduced morbidity. No differences were found between the use of HS and 0.9% saline.
Identification of Hub Genes and Potential Molecular Pathogenesis in Substantia Nigra in Parkinson’s Disease via Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yunan , Li Zhihui , Chi Chunling , Li Chunmei , Yang Meimei , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with significant socioeconomic burdens. One of the crucial pathological features of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). However, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. Moreover, therapies to prevent neurodegenerative progress are still being explored. We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify candidate genes and molecular pathogenesis in the SN of patients with PD. We analyzed the expression profiles, GSE49036 and GSE7621, which included 31 SN tissues in

P
D

s
a
m
p
l
e
s

a
n
d

17

SN tissues in healthy control samples, and identified 86 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, GO and KEGG pathway analyses of the identified DEGs were performed to understand the biological processes and significant pathways of PD. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction network was established, with 15 hub genes and four key modules which were screened in this network. The expression profiles, GSE8397 and GSE42966, were used to verify these hub genes. We demonstrated a decrease in the expression levels of 14 hub genes in the SN tissues of PD samples. Our results indicated that, among the 14 hub genes, DRD2, SLC18A2, and SLC6A3 may participate in the pathogenesis of PD by influencing the function of the dopaminergic synapse. CACNA1E, KCNJ6, and KCNB1 may affect the function of the dopaminergic synapse by regulating ion transmembrane transport. Moreover, we identified eight microRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate the hub genes and 339 transcription factors (TFs) targeting these hub genes and miRNAs. Subsequently, we established an mTF-miRNA-gene-gTF regulatory network. Together, the identification of DEGs, hub genes, miRNAs, and TFs could provide better insights into the pathogenesis of PD and contribute to the diagnosis and therapies.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Metrics and Capillary Vessel Density in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Cutruzzolà Antonio , Carnevali Adriano , Gatti Valentina , Latella Giovanni , Lamonica Luca , Oliverio Flavia , Borelli Massimo , Parise Martina , Di Molfetta Sergio , Scorcia Vincenzo , Irace Concetta , Gnasso Agostino 
Published: April 2023

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an innovative and reliable technique detecting the early preclinical retinal vascular change in patients with diabetes. We have designed our study to evaluate whether an independent relationship exists between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics and OCTA parameters in young adult patients with type 1 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Inclusion criteria were

age
≥
18

years, diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

from
≥
1

year

, stable insulin treatment in the last three months, use of real-time CGM, and CGM wear

time
≥
70
%

. Each patient underwent dilated slit lamp fundus biomicroscopy to exclude the presence of DR. A skilled operator performed OCTA scans in the morning to avoid possible diurnal variation. CGM-derived glucose metrics from the last 2 weeks were collected through the dedicated software during OCTA. Forty-nine patients with type 1 diabetes (age 29 [18; 39] years, HbA1c

7.7
±
1.0
%

) and 34 control subjects participated in the study. Vessel density (VD) of the whole image and parafoveal retina in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to controls. The coefficient of variation of average daily glucose, evaluated by CGM, significantly correlated with foveal and parafoveal VD in SCP and with foveal VD in DCP. High glucose variability might be responsible for the early increase of VD in these areas. Prospective studies may help understand if this pattern precedes DR. The difference we detected between patients with and without diabetes confirms that OCTA is a reliable tool for detecting early retinal abnormalities.
Jmjd4 Facilitates Pkm2 Degradation in Cardiomyocytes and Is Protective Against Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tang Yansong , Feng Mengying , Su Yang , Ma Teng , Zhang Hongjie , Wu Hongchun , Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Shuyue , Zhang Ying , Xu Yawei , Hu Shijun , Wei Ke , Xu Dachun 
Published: April 2023

Background:
A large portion of idiopathic and familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases have no obvious causal genetic variant. Although altered response to metabolic stress has been implicated, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DCM remain elusive. The JMJD family proteins, initially identified as histone deacetylases, have been shown to be involved in many cardiovascular diseases. Despite their increasingly diverse functions, whether JMJD family members play a role in DCM remains unclear.

Methods:

We examined Jmjd4 expression in patients with DCM, and conditionally deleted and overexpressed
Jmjd4
in cardiomyocytes in vivo to investigate its role in DCM. RNA sequencing, metabolites profiling, and mass spectrometry were used to dissect the molecular mechanism of Jmjd4-regulating cardiac metabolism and hypertrophy.

Results:

We found that expression of Jmjd4 is significantly decreased in hearts of patients with DCM. Induced cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of
Jmjd4
led to spontaneous DCM with severely impaired mitochondrial respiration. Pkm2, the less active pyruvate kinase compared with Pkm1, which is normally absent in healthy adult cardiomyocytes but elevated in cardiomyopathy, was found to be drastically accumulated in hearts with
Jmjd4
deleted. Jmjd4 was found mechanistically to interact with Hsp70 to mediate degradation of Pkm2 through chaperone-mediated autophagy, which is dependent on hydroxylation of K66 of Pkm2 by Jmjd4. By enhancing the enzymatic activity of the abundant but less active Pkm2, TEPP-46, a Pkm2 agonist, showed a significant therapeutic effect on DCM induced by
Jmjd4
deficiency, and heart failure induced by pressure overload, as well.

Conclusions:
Our results identified a novel role of Jmjd4 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in adult cardiomyocytes by degrading Pkm2 and suggest that Jmjd4 and Pkm2 may be therapeutically targeted to treat DCM, and other cardiac diseases with metabolic dysfunction, as well.