bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise unbiased estimation in randomized experiments using auxiliary observational data
Authors: Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A. , Sales Adam C. , Wu Edward , Botelho Anthony F. , Erickson John A. , Miratrix Luke W. , Heffernan Neil T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) admit unconfounded design-based inference – randomization largely justifies the assumptions underlying statistical effect estimates – but often have limited sample sizes. However, researchers may have access to big observational data on covariates and outcomes from RCT nonparticipants. For example, data from A/B tests conducted within an educational technology platform exist alongside historical observational data drawn from student logs. We outline a design-based approach to using such observational data for variance reduction in RCTs. First, we use the observational data to train a machine learning algorithm predicting potential outcomes using covariates and then use that algorithm to generate predictions for RCT participants. Then, we use those predictions, perhaps alongside other covariates, to adjust causal effect estimates with a flexible, design-based covariate-adjustment routine. In this way, there is no danger of biases from the observational data leaking into the experimental estimates, which are guaranteed to be exactly unbiased regardless of whether the machine learning models are “correct” in any sense or whether the observational samples closely resemble RCT samples. We demonstrate the method in analyzing 33 randomized A/B tests and show that it decreases standard errors relative to other estimators, sometimes substantially.
Tensor tomography of the residual stress field in graded-index YAG’s single crystals
Authors: Puro Alfred , Marin Egor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work presents an application of tensor field tomography for non-destructive reconstructions of axially symmetric residual stresses in a graded-index YAG single crystal for the case of beam deflection. The axis of the cylinder coincides with the crystallographic axis [001] of the single crystal and it has an axially symmetric refractive index distribution. The transformation of the polarization of light is measured in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the cylinder. Stresses are determined within the framework of the Maxwell piezo-optic law (linear dependence of the permittivity tensor on stresses) and small rotation of quasi principal stress axes. This paper generalizes the method of integrated photoelasticity for the case of ray deflection.
The impact of abnormal maternal body mass index during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a registry-based study from Qatar
Authors: Lawand Ghinwa , Minisha Fathima , Yaqoub Salwa Abu , Al Dewik Nader , Al Rifai Hilal , Farrell Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Abnormal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy, a growing public health concern, increases maternal and neonatal complications. This study aimed to investigate the impact of abnormal BMI on perinatal outcomes compared to normal BMI.

Methods
A total of 14,624 women having singleton births were categorized as underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity class I (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), obesity class II (35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and obesity class III (≥40.0 kg/m2) and compared to those with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Outcomes included gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension (GHT), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), cesarean delivery (CD), preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), congenital anomalies and neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Results
Women with increasing BMI had increasingly higher odds of developing specific adverse outcomes, the highest being in the class III obesity group (GDM-aOR 2.71, 95 % CI 2.25–3.27, p<0.001, GHT-aOR 5.32 95 % CI 3.49–8.11, p<0.001, CD-aOR 2.33 95 % CI 1.85–2.94, p<0.001, PPH-aOR 1.77 95 % CI 1.35–2.33, p<0.001). On the other hand, being underweight during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of PTB (aOR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.37–3.20, p=0.001), LBW (OR 1.88, 95 % CI 1.27–2.79, p=0.002) and congenital anomalies (aOR 2.52 95 % CI 1.12–5.64, p=0.025). Majority in the underweight category gained less than expected gestational weight gain during the pregnancy.

Conclusions
The findings of this study have important implications for the clinical management of pregnant women with abnormal BMI. Interventions to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes must focus on enhancing pre-pregnancy BMI and maintaining adequate gestational weight gain.
Delay Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model with jumps and its strong approximation
Authors: Coffie Emmanuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the analytical properties of the true solution to the generalised delay Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model with Poisson-driven jumps. Since this model does not have a closed-form solution, we employ several new truncated Euler-Maruyama (EM) techniques to investigate the finite-time strong convergence theory of the numerical solution under the local Lipschitz condition plus the Khasminskii-type condition. We justify the strong convergence result for Monte Carlo calibration and valuation of some debt and derivative instruments.
Impact of cavity and ramp configuration on the combustion performance of a strut-based scramjet combustor
Authors: Jeyakumar Suppandi Pillai , Patale Akash Shrikant , Sharma Prince 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The flow performance of a dual wall-mounted cavity in a strut-injector scramjet combustor in steady reacting flow conditions is computationally analyzed. A baseline configuration corresponding to DLR experiments and two proposed configurations with varying bottom wall cavity depth and fixed top wall ramp is considered. Steady-flow computations are performed using the 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes method with k-ω SST turbulence closure coupled and single-step reaction chemistry. The calculated flow patterns, density, pressure, and temperature fields are compared with shadowgraph and wall pressure measurements from DLR experiments. The cavity and strut are mounted downstream of the strut to analyze the shock patterns and their interference with the shear layer mixing features. The estimated flow patterns, density, pressure, and temperature fields are compared with shadowgraph and wall pressure measurements from DLR experiments. Incorporating cavity and ramp configuration provides earlier complete combustion compared to the baseline model, with a marginal rise in the total pressure caused by additional shock wave formation that emanates from the corners of the cavity and ramp. The combustion zone widens in the lateral direction as the cavity shifts the shock train downstream of the strut injector owing to intense shock shear layer interactions.
Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
Authors: Majid Farzana , Bashir Mahwish , Bibi Ismat , Ayub Maida , Khan Babar Shahzad , Somaily Hamoud H. , Al-Mijalli Samiah H. , Nazir Arif , Iqbal Shahid , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In view of ecobenign nature of green synthesis, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoflakes are synthesized via a green route. Three different vegetables (spinach, broccoli and pumpkin) extracts were used for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoflakes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm the formation of face centered cubic Fe3O4, while SEM analysis revealed the formation of nanoflakes. FTIR also confirm the Fe–O bands at 478 and 590 (cm−1) and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed at 280 nm. The magnetic properties were also investigated and Fe3O4 prepared using spinach extract shows relatively low saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼66 emu/g as compared to pumpkin (105 emu/g) and broccoli (130 emu/g) with ∼25Oe coercivity value. The antibacterial activity of Fe3O4 nanoflakes was studied against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a highly promising antibacterial activity was observed. Results revealed that the Fe3O4 nanoflakes prepared via a green route could have potential applications in biomedical field.
Peak Running Velocity vs. Critical Speed: Which One Is Better to Prescribe Endurance Training to Recreational Runners?
Authors: Figueiredo Diogo H. , Figueiredo Diego H. , Manoel Francisco A. , Machado Fabiana A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Figueiredo, DH, Figueiredo, DH, Manoel, FA, and Machado, FA. Peak running velocity vs. critical speed: which one is better to prescribe endurance training to recreational runners? J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1783–1788, 2023—This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5 weeks of training prescribed by peak running velocity obtained on the track (Vpeak_TR) and their respective time limit (Tlim), as well as by critical speed (CS), on physiological and endurance performance parameters in recreational runners. Twenty-two male runners were distributed into a Vpeak_TR group (GVP) and CS group (GCS) with a predefined program, alternating moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training. Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and its respective velocity (vV̇O2max), Vpeak_TR, Tlim at 100% Vpeak_TR, 5-km running performance, CS, and D’ (maximum distance covered above CS) were assessed at pretraining and posttraining period. There was a significant increase from pretraining to posttraining in Vpeak_TR (GVP = 4.5 ± 3.1% vs. GCS = 7.5 ± 4.2%), vV̇O2max (GVP = 3.9 ± 3.8% vs. GCS = 8.6 ± 6.7%), and mean velocity 5-km (GVP = 5.6 ± 3.3% vs. GCS = 7.3 ± 3.5%) and decrease in 5-km time (GVP = −5.1 ± 3.0% vs. GCS = −6.8 ± 3.0%). CS and V̇O2max significantly improved in GCS (9.3 ± 8.4% and 6.0 ± 6.8%, respectively), with no difference for GVP (2.8 ± 5.6% and 1.3 ± 8.4%, respectively). No differences were observed between groups for all variables. These findings give further supports to the notion that both variables obtained on the track are valid tools to prescribed training in recreational runners.
Effects of High-Intensity, Eccentric-Only Muscle Actions on Serum Biomarkers of Collagen Degradation and Synthesis
Authors: Neltner Tyler J. , Sahoo Prakash K. , Smith Robert W. , Anders John Paul V. , Arnett Jocelyn E. , Ortega Dolores G. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. , Natarajan Sathish Kumar , Housh Terry J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Neltner, TJ, Sahoo, PK, Smith, RW, Anders, JPV, Arnett, JE, Ortega, DG, Schmidt, RJ, Johnson, GO, Natarajan, SK, and Housh, TJ. Effects of high-intensity, eccentric-only muscle actions on serum biomarkers of collagen degradation and synthesis. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1729–1737, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity, eccentric-only muscle actions of the leg extensors on (a) serum biomarkers of collagen degradation (hydroxyproline [HYP] and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [C1M]) and synthesis (pro-c1α1) and (b) the time course of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and ratings of muscle soreness after the eccentric-only exercise bout. Twenty-five recreationally active men (mean ± SD: age = 21.2 ± 2.0 years) completed 5 sets of 10 bilateral, eccentric-only dynamic constant external resistance muscle actions of the leg extensors at a load of 110% of their concentric leg extension 1 repetition maximum. Analysis of variances (p < 0.05) and a priori planned pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni corrected (p < 0.0167) paired t tests were used to examine mean changes in blood biomarkers from baseline to 48 hours postexercise as well as in MVIC and soreness ratings immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours postexercise. There were increases in HYP (3.41 ± 2.37 to 12.37 ± 8.11 μg·ml−1; p < 0.001) and C1M (2.50 ± 1.05 to 5.64 ± 4.89 μg·L−1; p = 0.003) from preexercise to 48 hours postexercise, but no change in pro-c1α1. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction declined immediately after the exercise bout (450.44 ± 72.80 to 424.48 ± 66.67 N·m; p = 0.002) but recovered 24 hours later, whereas soreness was elevated immediately (6.56 ± 1.58; p < 0.001), 24 hours (3.52 ± 1.53; p < 0.001), and 48 hours (2.60 ± 1.32; p = 0.001) postexercise. The eccentric-only exercise bout induced increases in collagen degradation but had no effect on collagen synthesis. These findings provide information for clinicians to consider when prescribing exercise after an acute injury or surgery.
Synergistic Dominance Induced by Hip Extension Exercise Alters Biomechanics and Muscular Activity During Sprinting and Suggests a Potential Link to Hamstring Strain
Authors: Iguchi Junta , Hojo Tatsuya , Fujisawa Yoshihiko , Kuzuhara Kenji , Yanase Ko , Hirono Tetsuya , Koyama Yumiko , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Iguchi, J, Hojo, T, Fujisawa, Y, Kuzuhara, K, Yanase, K, Hirono, T, Koyama, Y, Tateuchi, H, and Ichihashi, N. Synergistic dominance induced by hip extension exercise alters biomechanics and muscular activity during sprinting and suggests a potential link to hamstring strain. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1770–1776, 2023—Hamstring strain is likely to occur during the late swing phase or the first half of the stance phase in sprinting. During the late swing phase, the hamstrings and gluteus maximus (Gmax) contract eccentrically to decelerate the lower limb. We hypothesized that, when the Gmax becomes dysfunctional because of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the hamstring workload is increased (i.e., there is synergetic dominance), which could lead to an increased risk of strain. A total of healthy 15 male undergraduate or graduate students (age 23.1 ± 1.28 years) were recruited to perform exercises and maximal sprints. On day 1, before subjects performing DOMS-causing exercises, and on day 3, while subjects were experiencing DOMS in the Gmax, lower-limb biomechanical and muscle activity data were recorded using a motion analysis system and electromyography (EMG), respectively. Data were analyzed and compared between day 1 and day 3. Hip flexion angle on day 3 was significantly lower than that on day 1, but the opposite was true for the knee flexion angle (P < 0.05). Vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and Gmax muscle activities on day 3 were significantly higher than those on day 1 (P < 0.05). Peak propulsive forces on day 3 were significantly higher than those on day 1 (P < 0.05). Kinematic changes such as decreased hip flexion angle and EMG changes such as increased BF EMG activity on day 3 to compensate for the loss of function of the Gmax may potentially increase the risk of hamstring strain.
Dampak Literasi Politik dan Pemilu 2024 Bagi Pemilih Pemula terhadap Pengendalian Informasi Hoax
Authors: Akhyar Anshori  , Rudianto  , Jehan Ridho Izharsyah  
Published: August 2023

Polarisasi politik yang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat saat ini, tidak terlepas dari berbagai sumber informasi yang diperoleh melalui berbagai media, terutama media sosial. Rangkaian informasi hoax yang bertubi-tubi mewarnai media sosial, berdampak bagi sikap pembacanya dalam menyikapi dinamika politik yang terjadi di Indonesia dengan mayoritas penikmat media sosial berada pada kategori pemilih pemula. Rentan nya pengaruh informasi hoax dalam mempengaruhi sikap politik pemilih pemula, membutuhkan proses panjang guna membangun kesadaran politik, salah satunya melalui kegiatan literasi politik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi politik dan pemahaman politik pemilih pemula terhadap pengendalian informasi hoax pemilu, dengan mengacu pada teori literasi politik dan informasi hoax. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan terdapatnya kontribusi positif literasi politik dan pemahaman pemilu dalam pengendalian informasi hoax, dimana H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak dan H2 diterima dan H0 ditolak serta H3 diterima dan H0 ditolak dengan nilai hubungan sebesar 11,2%.
To compare the effectiveness of pap smear, via and colposcopy for screening of premalignant lesions of cervix
Authors: Khan Mahin Fatima Faridi , Gupta Bhavana , Srivastava Meenakshi , Lata Kusum , Singh Vibha , Twinkle Dr 
Published: August 2023

Cervical cancer poses a major public health challenge, particularly in developing nations, where around 80% of cases are diagnosed. Despite being a preventable disease, it remains highly prevalent, with over 600,000 new cases and 340,000 deaths reported worldwide in 2020. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 data, cervical cancer represented 9.4% of all cancer cases and 18.3% of new cancer cases in India. However cervical cancer is now considered preventable through cervical screening and curable, particularly if detected early, which emphasizes the importance of "prevention is better than cure". The current research utilized Pap smear, VIA, and colposcopy to identify abnormal cervical appearances indicative of carcinoma.: During a span of 18 months, a study was carried out on 329 women who were attending the OPD clinic at Integral Institute Of Medical Sciences and Research hospital. With the participants' consent, the women underwent VIA, Pap smear and colposcopy tests as part of the study. In the study 61 (18.5%) cases were found positive in VIA findings and 268 (81.5%) were VIA negative. In this study 85.7% of Pap smears were normal, out of 18.5% VIA positive, 77% of pap smears were abnormal 23 (37.5%) ASC (NOS/US), 8 (13.1%) AGC and AGC NOS, 6 (9.1%) AEC, 5 (8.2%) LSIL, 5 (8.2%) HSIL and out of 268 VIA negative all Pap were normal (100%). 61 colposcopies were done, out of 18.5% VIA positive, 73.6% colposcopies were positive 29 were CIN I (47.5%), 10 were CIN III (16.3), 6 were CIN II (9.8%) and 13.2% were normal and 13.2% were cervicitis. Biopsy was done in all colposcopy patients, 49.2% were CIN I, 27% were chronic cervicitis, 10% were CIN I, 3.2% were squamous cell carcinoma and 1.6% were adenocarcinoma in situ and 1.6% were cx show no atypia. VIA offers a promising alternative to cytology for detecting premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix, with its cost-effectiveness, on-the-spot results, and high sensitivity and specificity. In low-resource settings like India, where a substantial number of women lack access to screening tests, VIA is especially well-suited. This screening method allows for immediate counseling and referral for treatment, helping to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment which can help to minimize delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Prevalence of contraceptive practices and its associated factors among women in an urban slum area of North India: An observational study
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Sharma Shubham Mohan , Sharma Mudit , Bankawar Vishal 
Published: August 2023

: Contraceptive prevalence rate serves as a proxy measure of access to reproductive health services. It is an indicator of health, population, development and women’s empowerment. : To determine the prevalence and pattern of contraceptive usage and also the factors affecting among the married women of reproductive age in an urban field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, JNU Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur; Rajasthan.: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of JNU medical college, Rajasthan among women aged 15-49 years with calculated sample size of 402. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used and data was collected with interview technique. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, reproductive history and current contraceptive usage. Data was entered in Ms Excel, analyzed using SPPS v.22 and represented in tables and figures. Chi square test was used to show the association and p-value &#60;0.005 was considered statistically significant. : Currently 50.47% of the women were not using any contraceptive method. Maximum usage was of male condom 36.26%. Majority of the participants stated as it was husband’s disapproval (31.28%) for current non-usage of any contraceptive. Socio-economic status was not significantly associated with the contraceptive use.: In our study, male condom was the most common temporary contraceptive used. Misconception and fear of side effects related to the contraceptive usage was a major reason for non-utilization of contraceptives.
Factors influencing the purchase intention of new start-up K-12 education programs during COVID-19: A case study of Holistic Education Centre, Malaysia
Authors: Hoo Wong Chee , How Lee Hi , Tha Gan Pei , Teck Tan Seng 
Published: August 2023

The spread of COVID-19 necessitated switching over to online classes. Several institutions modified their teaching schedules and introduced new learning platforms. However, the pandemic did not change the Holistic Education Centre (HEC) online business model, which is an after-school supplementary course services provider to K-12 students in Johor Bharu, Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors like place, awareness, services, and promotion, that made a positive influence on the purchase intention of K–12 education students during the COVID-19 period. The study was based on the Theory of Reasoned Action as the underpinning theory. Convenience sampling technique using online surveys were used to collect data. Highly reliable questionnaires were adapted from previous studies. Primary data from a total of 361 samples was gathered by means of an online questionnaire. When the data was obtained, the statistical analysis was carried out using the regression analysis function in SPSS. According to the findings, only place did not play a significant role in determining purchase intention, however, awareness, services and promotion played an important role in purchase intention.
Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Acute Coronary Syndrome with ST Segment Elevation: Incidence, Predictive Factors and Related Mortality.
Authors: ZOUZOU Hanane 
Published: August 2023

Background: Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia is the most serious complication; in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation, several international studies have reported incidence and predictive factors of severe ventricular arrhythmias, without identifying sustained ventricular tachycardia separately; also, its epidemiological data is lacking in Algeria.
Aims: The main objective of our study is the determination of the frequency of sustained ventricular tachycardia in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation, the secondary objective was the analysis of predictive factors of this arrhythmia, and related mortality.
Methods and materials: In this prospective study, conducted in the cardiology department of Hussein Dey hospital (Algiers-Algeria), 467 patients with acute coronary syndrome with elevated ST segment (87 women and 380 men) were enrolled between 28 February 2014 and 16 July 2015. The average age is 60 ± 13 years; at admission, a Holter recorder was attached for continuous ECG monitoring during 48 hours
Kruskal’s ANNOVA or H tests were used for comparison of quantitative variables, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, were used for qualitative variables, all tests were performed with 1st species risk of 5%.
Results: The frequency of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia is 3.6 % (17 patients), CI 95%: [1.9%-5.3%], multivariate analysis identified the following independent predictors: low diastolic blood pressure, severe coronary artery lesions, Elevated high sensitive troponin concentrations more than 5ng/ml.
The risk of mortality expressed by Hazard Ration (HR) is 6. (CI95%: [1.7-21], p = 0.005); the predictors of mortality are: occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and low diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: Sustained Ventricular tachycardia is the most serious complication during acute coronary syndrome with elevated ST segment, its predictive factors according to our study are: low diastolic blood pressure, severe coronary lesions, Elevated high sensitive troponin concentrations more than 5ng/ml, its occurrence increases the risk of hospital mortality.