bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lockdown during Covid-19 pandemic on the water quality of Citarum River, Indonesia
Authors: Yustiani Y M , Wahyuni S , Da Costa K , Alfiah T , Dinihayati E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted several business activities due to restrictions on community mobilization. During the pandemic, the Indonesian government implemented a lockdown with the term PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions). Affected activities include industrial operations and other business activities in the Citarum watershed, West Java, Indonesia. This lockdown condition can potentially affect the water quality of the Citarum River. This study aims to determine the quality of the Citarum River due to the lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted using qualitative methods. The data obtained in this study is monitoring data obtained from the West Java Environmental Service. The data being compared is water quality in July 2020 and August 2019. The monitoring locations chosen were Wangisagara, Koyod, Nanjung and Walahar. Comparisons of data show that there has been an increase in water quality for several parameters. TSS concentrations decreased at all locations, while BOD and COD concentrations decreased at the Koyod and Nanjung locations. However, these 2 locations showed an increase in the MBAS value. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the lockdown imposed for residents’ mobility reduced the entry of waste from business activities, thereby improving the quality of the Citarum River.
Effect of inclination angle and light source position on water temperature profile and productivity of solar still: an indoor experiment
Authors: Jaya H I , Wintoko J , Prasetya A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar stills are generally used to obtain fresh and clean water from saline, brackish, and wastewater using solar energy. Many factors affect the performance of solar still, such as solar radiation, altitude, top cover inclination angle, etc. In this research, indoor solar still experiments have been carried out with different top cover inclination angles and light source positions with 7 hours of operating time. This research aims to study the effect of those two variables on water temperature profile and productivity of solar still. Halogen lamp was used as artificial light source. Three light source positions were selected based on the yearly solar azimuth and elevation angles data of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The selected inclination angles were 20°, 30°, and 40°. Results demonstrated that light source position which related to incident angle of light at the top cover of solar still affected the water temperature profile in solar still. The water temperature profile decreased considerably when the angle of incident light was higher than 40°. Condensate productivity can be increased by using higher inclination angle of solar still top cover and highest condensate productivity of 518.75 mL/m2 can be obtained by using 40° of inclination angle. However, water temperature profile which affected by light source position must be taken into consideration when using higher inclination angle. Lower water temperature profile caused the decreasing of condensate productivity.
Valorization of durian peel waste and sewage sludge as bio-briquette
Authors: Ariani Ismi Khairunnissa , Anifah Eka Masrifatus , Harfadli Muhammad Ma’arij , Sholikah Umi , Hawani Iska Nur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Renewable energy is an alternative to fossil fuels due to the limited supply of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission contribution. Bioenergy is one of the renewable energies that is derived from biomass. Biomass waste, namely durian peel and sewage sludge, has the potential as raw material for bioenergy because of its energy content. Moreover, the carbonization of biomass water can improve the heating value of biomass material. This study aims to investigate bio-briquette properties from durian peel and sewage sludge with various biomass compositions and types of binder materials. Tapioca starch, rejected papaya, and cow manure were used as binding materials. The density of 1.01 g/cm3 and the 5288 kcal/gram calorific value were obtained from 90% durian peel and 10% tapioca starch binder. The bio-briquette with 90% durian peel has a moisture content of 10%, volatile matter of 21%, fixed carbon of 61%, and ash content of 18%. Although the calorific value and fixed carbon satisfy the quality standard of briquettes, the moisture content, volatile matter, and ash content still did not comply with the standard. The result shows that the rejected papaya is promising binder material that does not compete with the food commodity of tapioca flour.
Using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Waste Management Planning in Batang Regency
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Sumiyati S , Sawitri D R , Octaviani Y N , Wati H R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The population of Batang Regency in 2021 reached 810,393 people, which has increased from the previous year. The increase in population results in an increase in the amount of waste generated in each region. However, Batang Regency only has Randukuning landfill as the only waste final processing site in this regency. The condition of the Randukuning landfill based on existing conditions during field surveys still uses the open dumping method with no massive reduction before the waste goes to the landfill. This condition is a separate consideration for planning waste management for good waste management in Batang Regency. In this waste management planning, the development of waste technology can also be used as a solution to how to manage waste effectively and efficiently. One way to determine the technology to be used is to use the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method. This MFA method is a method that uses STAN software to determine the critical flow of the Batang Regency regional waste management system by paying attention to the results of the incoming input in the form of waste and the processes that occur so that later it will cause output how much and what or it can be said to know the scene in the field.
Predicting vegetation dynamics in Deux Balé National Park, Burkina Faso, using land change modeler
Authors: Tankoano Boalidioa , Sanon Zezouma , Jofack Sokeng Valère-Carin , Yameogo Jerome Tegawinde , Hien Mipro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the natural vegetation of Burkina Faso has undergone unprecedented anthropisation. To date, most studies have focused only on diachronic analysis based on satellite imagery. Land use dynamics studies give an account of the past and present situation, but do not provide quantitative and qualitative information on the future of this vegetation. On the other hand, a prospective analysis of the dynamics would enable us to better assess the future of our forest ecosystems. Predictive data are essential for decision-making and implementing appropriate policy responses relating to sustainable forest resources management. The main objective of this study was to predict the vegetation dynamics of the Deux Balé National Park by modelling the year 2025. Thus, we selected the variables that best explained the anthropization process. A land change model was selected for the study. The model was calibrated using only variables with a V-Cramer coefficient greater than or equal to 0.1. This model is based on error budgeting and prediction. Visual and statistical comparisons of the simulated and actual 2016 maps allowed for better calibration of the model to simulate changes in the area of land-cover classes by 2025. The results revealed that, between 2016 and 2025, a significant regression of savanna vegetation will occur in favor of anthropized areas and gallery forests. Thus, from this period, gallery forests and anthropized areas covered up to 138 ha and 2914 ha, respectively. However, the savanna vegetation area decreased by 1186 ha, 961 ha, and 893 ha from 2016 to 2025, respectively. Therefore, urgent action must be taken to preserve the potential of the forest resources in parks.
Cooling rate calculation of pure aluminum solidified during a novel gas-assisted continuous casting and extrusion process
Authors: Xie Xiaoding , Yin Jiancheng , Luo Yuwei , Zhu Zhen , Wu Suzhen , Wang Yaqiang , Huang Jialiang , Liu Yingli , Chen Yegao , Zhong Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gas-assisted continuous casting and extrusion (GAC) process is a novel technique for the continuous preparation of non-equilibrium solidified materials. To evaluate the solidification rate of the melt during GAC, the cooling rate of pure aluminum melt solidified in the wheel groove is calculated, based on the Newtonian heat transfer model and the one-dimensional Fourier heat transfer model. Results show that the cooling rate of the melt during GAC mainly depends on the conduction heat transfer in the wheel groove and the melt thickness. When the thickness of the pure aluminum melt is between 1 and 2.5 mm, the cooling rate can reach 103–104 K s−1, which is much higher than that in CAXTEX (~10 K s−1). It means that GAC is a very effective process in the preparation of non-equilibrium solidification alloys.
Cumulative experience influences contest investment in a social fish
Authors: Benincasa Macie D , Earley Ryan L , Hamilton Ian M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When animals live in long-term groups, the potential for conflict is high. Conflict is costly, so an individual’s decision to engage depends on the information it has about the costs and benefits of fighting. One source of information could be past contest experience, where previous winners/losers typically become more likely to win/lose in the future. However, repeated interactions can familiarize individuals with conflict and provide opportunities to learn to become better fighters, regardless of outcome. We explored how individuals integrate information from previous contests to inform future encounters in a group-living fish, Neolamprologus pulcher. We gave contestants single, reinforcing, and contradictory experiences and measured behavior and post-fight water-borne levels of androgenic steroids (testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone). Contradictory outcomes were associated with reduced investment in fighting. More fighting experience did not lead to greater investment in fighting, as consecutive losses resulted in reduced aggression. Also, there was no effect of fighting treatment on water-borne androgen concentrations. Interestingly, there were sex differences in which behaviors were influenced by experience, and in whether body mass was associated with androgen concentrations, which could indicate that males and females vary in how perceived fighting ability changes with contest experience. Our data reveal the complex ways in which repeated experiences can alter an individual’s propensity to invest in conflict. Repeated interactions associated with predictable changes in behavior can contribute to rank stability in groups and our results indicate that whether and how they do depend on the quality and quantity of interactions plus individual factors such as sex.
Neural functional network of early Parkinson’s disease based on independent component analysis
Authors: Li Junli , Tan Changlian , Zhang Lin , Cai Sainan , Shen Qin , Liu Qinru , Wang Min , Song ChenDie , Zhou Fan , Yuan Jiaying , Liu Yujing , Lan Bowen , Liao Haiyan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work explored neural network changes in early Parkinson’s disease: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate functional alterations in different stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ninety-five PD patients (50 early/mild and 45 early/moderate) and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Independent component analysis revealed significant differences in intra-network connectivity, specifically in the default mode network (DMN) and right frontoparietal network (RFPN), in both PD groups compared to HCs. Inter-network connectivity analysis showed reduced connectivity between the executive control network (ECN) and DMN, as well as ECN-left frontoparietal network (LFPN), in early/mild PD. Early/moderate PD exhibited decreased connectivity in ECN-LFPN, ECN-RFPN, ECN-DMN, and DMN-auditory network, along with increased connectivity in LFPN-cerebellar network. Correlations were found between ECN-DMN and ECN-LFPN connections with UPDRS-III scores in early/mild PD. These findings suggest that PD progression involves dysfunction in multiple intra- and inter-networks, particularly implicating the ECN, and a wider range of abnormal functional networks may mark the progression of the disease.
Olfactory bulb neurogenesis depending on signaling in the subventricular zone
Authors: Chen Yali , Ren Peng , He Xiongjie , Yan Fang , Gu Rou , Bai Jie , Zhang Xianwen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial sense that is essential for the well-being and survival of individuals. Olfactory bulb (OB) is the first olfactory relay station, and its function depends on newly generated neurons from the subventricular zone (SVZ). These newly born neurons constantly migrate through the rostral migratory stream to integrate into existing neural networks within the OB, thereby contributing to olfactory information processing. However, the mechanisms underlying the contribution of SVZ adult neurogenesis to OB neurogenesis remain largely elusive. Adult neurogenesis is a finely regulated multistep process involving the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and neural precursor cells, as well as the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts, and integration of newly generated neurons into preexisting neuronal circuitries. Recently, extensive studies have explored the mechanism of SVZ and OB neurogenesis. This review focused on elucidating various molecules and signaling pathways associated with OB neurogenesis dependent on the SVZ function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the OB neurogenesis on the adult brain is an attractive prospect to induce aNSCs in SVZ to generate new neurons to ameliorate olfactory dysfunction that is involved in various diseases. It will also contribute to developing new strategies for the human aNSCs-based therapies.
Central Composite Design Expert-Supported RP-HPLC Optimization and Quantitative Evaluation of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate & Chlorthalidone in Tablet
Authors: Patel Bhoomi D , Vekaria Hitesh J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Central composite design based RP-HPLC method optimization for the synchronized analysis of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate (EFE) and Chlorthalidone (CHL) in tablet. The effective separation was performed using Inertsil ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), PDA detector with 0.05 M KH2PO4 Buffer (pH 4.5): Acetonitrile (40:60%v/v) mobile phase. Independent variables were investigated include the concentration of KH2PO4 (X1) and flow rate of mobile phase (X2). Based on responses obtained (retention time, resolution and tailing factor), the optimum condition selected was X1 = 40% and X2 = 1 ml/min. Optimized HPLC condition was validated by assessing validation parameters and it meets the acceptance criteria set by ICH. The linear calibration curve was found to be in the quantity range 6.25–18.75 and 20–60 μg/ml Assay of drugs was 100.94 and 100.06% for CHL and EFE. The validated RP-HPLC-PDA method can be used for routine analysis of EFE and CHL in tablet.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hematogenous Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Kinamon Tori , Dagher Michael , Park Lawrence , Ruffin Felicia , Fowler Vance G , Maskarinec Stacey A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis (HVOM) is an incompletely understood complication of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).

Methods
Eligible SAB patients with and without HVOM were prospectively enrolled from 1995 through 2019 at Duke University Health System. HVOM was diagnosed either radiographically or microbiologically. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify clinical and microbial factors associated with HVOM risk. All bloodstream S. aureus isolates were genotyped using spa typing.

Results
Of 3165 cases of SAB, 127 (4.0%) developed HVOM. Patients who experienced HVOM were more likely to have community-acquired SAB (30.7% vs 16.7%, P &lt; .001), have a longer time to diagnosis of SAB (median, 5 days; interquartile range [IQR], 2–10.5 vs median, 2 days; IQR, 0–4; P &lt; .001), and to exhibit persistent bacteremia (48.8% vs 20.6%, P &lt; .001). A significant number of HVOM patients developed infective endocarditis (26% vs 15.2%, P = .002). Overall, 26.2% (n = 33) of SAB patients with HVOM underwent surgical intervention. Methicillin resistance (46.6% vs 41.7%, P = .318) and bacterial genotype were not associated with the development of HVOM. At the 12-month follow-up, 22% of patients with HVOM had died. Of the surviving patients, 20.4% remained on antibiotic therapy, and 29.6% had recurrence of either HVOM or SAB.

Conclusions
Among patients with SAB, HVOM risk was associated with clinical factors and not bacterial genotype. Despite being a rare complication of SAB, patients with HVOM had high all-cause mortality rates and healthcare resource requirements up to 1 year after their HVOM diagnosis. Close clinical monitoring is indicated in this vulnerable population.
Additive effects of dapagliflozin and finerenone on albuminuria in non-diabetic CKD: an open-label randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mårup Frederik Husum , Thomsen Martin Bjergskov , Birn Henrik 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Dapagliflozin and finerenone reduce albuminuria and slow CKD progression, but additive effects remain unstudied. We compared their individual and combined efficacy and safety in patients with non-diabetic CKD.

Methods
In an open-label, randomized clinical trial, we included patients aged 18–80 on maximal tolerated ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker with eGFR 25–45 mL/min/1,73 m2 and albuminuria 150–2000 mg/g. Participants received either finerenone 20 mg/day or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day for four weeks, followed by combination therapy for four weeks. Data were collected at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks.

Results
Twenty patients (10 per group) with a mean mGFR of 34 mL/min/1,73 m2 and a mean urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) of 469 mg/g were included. Finerenone alone or in addition to dapagliflozin resulted in −24% (95% CI, −36% to −11%) and −34% (95% CI, −47% to −18%) change in UACR, respectively. Dapagliflozin alone or in addition to finerenone resulted in −8% (95% CI, −22 to 9%) and −10% (95% CI, −28% to 12%) change in UACR, respectively. Overall, UACR change after 8 weeks was −36% (95% CI, −46% to −24%). After 8 weeks, systolic blood pressure and mGFR were reduced by 10 mmHg (95% CI, 6–13 mmHg) and 7 mL/min/1,73 m2 (95% CI, 5–8 mL/min/1,73 m2). Adverse effects were minimal.

Conclusions
The combination of finerenone and dapagliflozin was safe and significantly reduced albuminuria. The effect of combination therapy was at least equal to the calculated, combined effect of each of the drugs, suggesting an additive effect on albuminuria. Larger studies assessing long-term effects and safety are warranted.
The effects of lifestyle change on indicators of cardiometabolic health in semi-nomadic pastoralists
Authors: Swanson Zane S , Bethancourt Hilary , Nzunza Rosemary , Ndiema Emmanuel , Braun David R , Rosinger Asher Y , Pontzer Herman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesNon-communicable disease risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing the relationships between evolved human physiology and modern socioecological conditions is central to understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between increased market access, shifting subsistence patterns and cardiometabolic health indicators within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market behaviors.MethodologyWe conducted cross-sectional socioecological, demographic and lifestyle stressor surveys along with health, biomarker and nutrition examinations among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019–2020. We used linear mixed-effects models to test how differing levels of engagement in market integration and traditional subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body composition and blood chemistry.ResultsWe found that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the probability of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated with distance to market, a proxy for market integration. Additionally, body composition varied significantly by socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among adults.Conclusions and implicationsWhile evidence for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been found across a number of populations affected by an urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate the effects of market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic health associated with the early stages of lifestyle changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in health when small-scale populations begin the processes of sedentarization and market integration that result from myriad market pressures.
Development and validation of cardiovascular risk prediction equations in 76 000 people with known cardiovascular disease
Authors: Holt Anders , Batinica Bruno , Liang Jingyuan , Kerr Andrew , Crengle Sue , Hudson Ben , Wells Susan , Harwood Matire , Selak Vanessa , Mehta Suneela , Grey Corina , Lamberts Morten , Jackson Rod , Poppe Katrina K 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsMultiple health administrative databases can be individually linked in Aotearoa New Zealand, using encrypted identifiers. These databases were used to develop cardiovascular risk prediction equations for patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and resultsAdministrative health databases were linked to identify all people aged 18–84 years with known CVD, living in Auckland and Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, on 1 January 2014. The cohort was followed until study outcome, death, or 5 years. The study outcome was death or hospitalization due to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or peripheral vascular disease. Sex-specific 5-year CVD risk prediction equations were developed using multivariable Fine and Gray models. A total of 43 862 men {median age: 67 years [interquartile range (IQR): 59–75]} and 32 724 women [median age: 70 years (IQR: 60–77)] had 14 252 and 9551 cardiovascular events, respectively. Equations were well calibrated with good discrimination. Increasing age and deprivation, recent cardiovascular hospitalization, Mori ethnicity, smoking history, heart failure, diabetes, chronic renal disease, atrial fibrillation, use of blood pressure lowering and anti-thrombotic drugs, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and creatinine were statistically significant independent predictors of the study outcome. Fourteen per cent of men and 23% of women had predicted 5-year cardiovascular risk &lt;15%, while 28 and 24% had ≥40% risk.ConclusionRobust cardiovascular risk prediction equations were developed from linked routine health databases, a currently underutilized resource worldwide. The marked heterogeneity demonstrated in predicted risk suggests that preventive therapy in people with known CVD would be better informed by risk stratification beyond a one-size-fits-all high-risk categorization.