bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More losers than winners: investigating Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of population trends
Authors: Finn Catherine , Grattarola Florencia , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe global‐scale decline of animal biodiversity (‘defaunation’) represents one of the most alarming consequences of human impacts on the planet. The quantification of this extinction crisis has traditionally relied on the use of IUCNRed Listconservation categories assigned to each assessed species. This approach reveals that a quarter of the world's animal species are currently threatened with extinction, and ~1% have been declared extinct. However, extinctions are preceded by progressive population declines through time that leave demographic ‘footprints’ that can alert us about the trajectories of species towards extinction. Therefore, an exclusive focus on IUCN conservation categories, without consideration of dynamic population trends, may underestimate the true extent of the processes of ongoing extinctions across nature. In fact, emerging evidence (e.g. theLiving Planet Report), reveals a widespread tendency for sustained demographic declines (an average 69% decline in population abundances) of species globally. Yet, animal species are not only declining. Many species worldwide exhibit stable populations, while others are even thriving. Here, using population trend data for >71,000 animal species spanning all five groups of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes) and insects, we provide a comprehensive global‐scale assessment of the diversity of population trends across species undergoing not only declines, but also population stability and increases. We show a widespread global erosion of species, with 48% undergoing declines, while 49% and 3% of species currently remain stable or are increasing, respectively. Geographically, we reveal an intriguing pattern similar to that of threatened species, whereby declines tend to concentrate around tropical regions, whereas stability and increases show a tendency to expand towards temperate climates. Importantly, we find that for species currently classed by the IUCNRed Listas ‘non‐threatened’, 33% are declining. Critically, in contrast with previous mass extinction events, our assessment shows that the Anthropocene extinction crisis is undergoing a rapid biodiversity imbalance, with levels of declines (a symptom of extinction) greatly exceeding levels of increases (a symptom of ecological expansion and potentially of evolution) for all groups. Our study contributes a further signal indicating that global biodiversity is entering a mass extinction, with ecosystem heterogeneity and functioning, biodiversity persistence, and human well‐being under increasing threat.
Breaking the circle‐effectiveness of liposuction in lipedema
Authors: Seefeldt Tobias , Aitzetmüller‐Klietz Marie‐Luise , Kückelhaus Maximilian , Wiebringhaus Philipp , Hirsch Tobias , Harati Kamran , Aitzetmüller‐Klietz Matthias M. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackgroundLipedema is a common chronic fat distribution disorder often aligned with pain and reduced quality of life affecting 6–10% of the female population. Although lipedema has acquired more scientific attention in the last decade, validated diagnosis and treatment still remain challenging for specialists.Patients and MethodsIn this article we evaluate the effect of liposuction on appearance, pain and coexisting diseases of 860 patients with lipedema. Comparison among stages of lipedema pre‐ and post‐liposuction was performed by using t‐Tests for independent samples and Kruskal‐Wallis‐Tests.ResultsOur study demonstrates the positive effect on pain reduction in patients with lipedema after liposuction (NRS 2.24) compared with pre‐liposuction pain perception (NRS 6.99) and pain perception of patients with conservative treatment (NRS 6.26). Significant differences were shown in the perception between the stages of lipedema and in the reduction of pain perception by liposuction. Furthermore we examined co‐diseases in patients with lipedema, primarily menstruation complaints (43%), sleeplessness (36%) and migraine (35%).ConclusionsA progress of lipedema disease leads not only to a change of appearance and proportion but also to a progressive increase of pain. Liposuction shows a significant effect on pain reduction ‐independent of the patients’ stage of lipedema.
Resilient product and production adaptation in a large‐scale disaster: Does it pay off?
Authors: Sun Wei , Yang Bin , Dong Maggie Chuoyan , Cadeaux Jack 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPandemic outbreaks can disrupt firms’ normal operations, so they demand a resilient response. Firms can combine social responsibility initiatives with resilient responses by reconfiguring their production resources for pandemic relief. It remains unclear, however, whether pandemic‐relieving product adaptation (in short, PRPA) improves financial performance. We draw on stakeholder theory to analyze the effect of a PRPA strategy on the stock returns of US‐listed manufacturing firms during the COVID‐19 pandemic—the most enduring and large‐scale pandemic in recent history. The results reveal that the stock market reacts more positively to PRPA under severe pandemic circumstances and for firms with low political connectedness, low media coverage, and/or more unique production technology. The findings offer important implications for operations theory and practice.
Childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes in Western Australia: An update on incidence and temporal trends from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Song , Mittinty Murthy , Davis Elizabeth A. , Cameron Ewan , Haynes Aveni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and incidence trends over 2001–2022 of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Western Australia and assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsChildren newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0–14 years in Western Australia from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2022 were identified from the population‐based Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database. Annual age‐ and sex‐specific incidence was calculated, and Poisson regression was used to analyse trends by calendar year, month, sex and age group at diagnosis. Pandemic era impacts were also examined using the regression model adjusted for sex and age group.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2022, 2311 children (1214 boys, 1097 girls) were newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0–14 years, giving an overall mean annual incidence of 22.9 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI: 22.0, 23.9), with no significant difference observed between boys and girls. A significant linear increasing trend was only observed in 10–14 year olds with boys and girls combined (1.2% per year [IRR 1.012 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.022)]). No significant difference in the incidence was observed between the pre‐ and post‐pandemic period.ConclusionsThe incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0–14 year old Western Australian children continues to increase in the oldest age group. Longer term monitoring of the incidence during the COVID‐19 pandemic is needed to determine its impact on this globally unique population which experienced a delayed start to the pandemic with severe containment measures remaining in place until January 2022.
The Practical Wisdom of Phronesis in the Education of Purported Virtuous Character
Authors: Carr David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the context of the recent revival of virtue ethics, the notion of character formation under the rational guidance of Aristotle's notion of phronesis, or practical wisdom, has been exalted as the principal aim of moral education. However, this is not unproblematic insofar as the promotion of Aristotelian phronesis seems to operate on rather different levels or to be ambivalent between the two rather different (and demonstrably separable) aims or goals of fostering reasonably sound deliberation and judgment concerning “right” or good (moral or other) agency or action and the allegedly optimal (empirical) psychological ordering of cognition and affect to the end of good or commendable human character. In this paper, David Carr argues that while the first of these aims is by and large educationally acceptable and defensible, the second is neither a desirable nor coherent educational goal.
Will a large complex system be productive?
Authors: Nie Shipeng , Zheng Junjie , Luo Mingyu , Loreau Michel , Gravel Dominique , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile the relationship between food web complexity and stability has been well documented, how complexity affects productivity remains elusive. In this study, we combine food web theory and a data set of 149 aquatic food webs to investigate the effect of complexity (i.e. species richness, connectance, and average interaction strength) on ecosystem productivity. We find that more complex ecosystems tend to be more productive, although different facets of complexity have contrasting effects. A higher species richness and/or average interaction strength increases productivity, whereas a higher connectance often decreases it. These patterns hold not only between realized complexity and productivity, but also characterize responses of productivity to simulated declines of complexity. Our model also predicts a negative association between productivity and stability along gradients of complexity. Empirical analyses support our predictions on positive complexity‐productivity relationships and negative productivity‐stability relationships. Our study provides a step forward towards reconciling ecosystem complexity, productivity and stability.
Shareholder litigation and short selling ahead of private equity placements
Authors: Bayar Onur , Liu Yini , Mao Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of shareholder litigation on short selling ahead of private investments in public equity (PIPEs). We find that PIPE issuers that incurred securities class action lawsuits prior to the PIPE are shorted more heavily ahead of the PIPE issue. The case status at the PIPE date, the severity of the lawsuit, and the timing of the private placement after the litigation event also affect the extent of short selling activity ahead of PIPEs. Consistent with hedging incentives, the effects of prior shareholder litigation on short selling are more pronounced in PIPEs where lead investors are hedge funds and in traditional PIPEs.
Weight loss with subcutaneous semaglutide versus other glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Stretton Brandon , Kovoor Joshua , Bacchi Stephen , Chang Shantel , Ngoi Benjamin , Murray Tess , Bristow Thomas C. , Heng Jonathan , Gupta Aashray , Ovenden Christopher , Maddern Guy , Thompson Campbell H. , Heilbronn Leonie , Boyd Mark , Rayner Christopher , Talley Nicholas J. , Horowtiz Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) reduce elevated blood glucose levels and induce weight loss. Multiple GLP‐1 RAs and one combined GLP‐1/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonist are currently available. This review was conducted with the aim of summarising direct comparisons between subcutaneous semaglutide and other GLP‐1 RAs in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly with respect to efficacy for inducing weight loss and improving other markers of metabolic health. This systematic review of PubMed and Embase from inception to early 2022 was registered on PROSPERO and was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Of the 740 records identified in the search, five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Comparators included liraglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide and tirzepatide. In the identified studies, multiple dosing regimens were utilised for semaglutide. Randomised trials support the superior efficacy of semaglutide over other GLP‐1 RAs with respect to weight loss in T2D, but tirzepatide is more effective than semaglutide.
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm properties and chronic rhinosinusitis severity scores correlate positively with total CD4+ T‐cell frequencies and inversely with its Th1, Th17 and regulatory cell frequencies
Authors: Shaghayegh Gohar , Cooksley Clare , Bouras George , Nepal Roshan , Houtak Ghais , Panchatcharam Beula Subashini , Fenix Kevin Aaron , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa characterised by dysfunction of the sinuses' natural defence mechanisms and induction of different inflammatory pathways ranging from a Th1 to a Th2 predominant polarisation. Recalcitrant CRS is associated with Staphylococcus aureus dominant mucosal biofilms; however, S. aureus colonisation of the sinonasal mucosa has also been observed in healthy individuals challenging the significance of S. aureus in CRS pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CRS key inflammatory markers, S. aureus biofilm properties/virulence genes and the severity of the disease. Tissue samples were collected during endoscopic sinus surgery from the ethmoid sinuses of CRS patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps and controls (n = 59). CD3+ T‐cell subset frequencies and key inflammatory markers of CD4+ helper T cells were determined using FACS analysis. Sinonasal S. aureus clinical isolates were isolated (n = 26), sequenced and grown into biofilm in vitro, followed by determining their properties, including metabolic activity, biomass, colony‐forming units and exoprotein production. Disease severity was assessed using Lund–Mackay radiologic scores, Lund–Kennedy endoscopic scores and SNOT22 quality of life scores. Our results showed that S. aureus biofilm properties and CRS severity scores correlated positively with total CD4+ T‐cell frequencies but looking into CD4+ T‐cell subsets showed an inverse correlation with Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies. CD4+ T‐cell frequencies were higher in patients harbouring lukF.PV‐positive S. aureus while its regulatory and Th17 cell subset frequencies were lower in patients carrying sea− and sarT/U‐positive S. aureus. Recalcitrant CRS is characterised by increased S. aureus biofilm properties in relation to increased total CD4+ helper T‐cell frequencies and reduced frequencies of its Th1, Th17 and regulatory T‐cell subsets. These findings offer insights into the pathophysiology of CRS and could lead to the development of more targeted therapies.
Performance‐related pay, mental and physiological health
Authors: Andelic Nicole , Allan Julia , Bender Keith A. , Powell Daniel , Theodossiou Ioannis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMuch of the literature on performance‐related pay (PRP) and poor health relies on self‐reported data, and the relationship is difficult to examine due to confounding variables. We examine the relationship between PRP and three groups of health measures using data from the UKHLS: blood pressure, inflammation markers in blood, and self‐reported health. Regressions correcting for self‐selection bias and socio‐demographic covariates find that PRP contracts are associated with poorer mental health, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher levels of fibrinogen. These findings suggest that firms that use PRP may need to implement policies to mitigate against PRP‐related stress.
A survey on emergent trends in the optimization of car‐sharing systems
Authors: Bruglieri M. , Pisacane O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the most recent literature on the optimization of car‐sharing systems. Unlike other surveys, we do not focus on a single aspect of car‐sharing systems, but we consider a wide range of optimization problems with a global view. Our aim is threefold. First, we revise the classic decision problems arising in car‐sharing systems with conventional and electric vehicles, such as the fleet size, the station location, and the vehicle relocation. Then, we discuss some of the most recent decision problems arising in more innovative car‐sharing systems, like those with autonomous vehicles, with mixed fleets, and the multi‐modal and the time‐dependent ones. Finally, we focus on new perspectives arising in the optimization of some innovative car‐sharing services that are not yet (or little) investigated in the literature and that are worthy of attention from the operations research point of view. For each of them, we also highlight new and challenging open decision problems that deserve academic attention.
OMEPRAZOLE VERSUS RANITIDINE IN THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING: ASSESSMENT BY EARLY REPEAT ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Fasseas P , Leybishkis B , Rocca G 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acid suppression in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding using early repeat endoscopy. Ninety‐two patients with the diagnosis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (endoscopically verified), entered a single‐blind, randomised study comparing two treatment groups: omeprazole (40 mg orally daily) to ranitidine (50 mg intravenously four times daily). The lesions considered were gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers and erosive gastritis. All patients were candidates for medical treatment. The parameters assessed included: 1) stabilisation of the lesion by repeat endoscopy at 7.0 ± 3.0 days, 2) bleeding recurrence, 3) duration of stay in the intermediate medical care unit. For erosive gastritis only parameters 2 and 3 were considered. The study was limited to the hospitalisation period. Endoscopic stabilisation rate at 7.0 ± 3.0 days for duodenal lesions was higher in the omeprazole group (71% vs 37%, p=0.03), but there was no significant difference for gastric lesions (50% vs 54%, NS). The overall bleeding recurrence rate (0% vs 17%, p=0.013) and the duration of stay (3.9 vs 6.4 days, p<0.01) were significantly lower in the omeprazole group. Our study suggests that omeprazole is more effective than ranitidine in the pharmacological treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
8. THE DILEMMA OF IN SITU CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
Authors: Fentiman IS 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYBoth ductal cardinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are forerunners of invasive breast cancer but with different behaviour. Neither condition is fatal but management can be difficult. After 20 years follow‐up of LCIS, the cumulative risk of ipsilateral invasive cancer is 18%, and 14% for contralateral disease. Of the cancers that occur, 40% are invasive lobular and 60% invasive ductal. Standard management of LCIS is surveillance, with no attempt to perform a wide excision or a mastectomy. Many cases of DCIS are detected because of microcalcification on mammograms; 20% of screen‐detected cancers are of this type. DCIS is a forerunner of ipsilateral invasive disease, so complete excision is necessary, Subsequent relapse or progression to invasive disease can be reduced by breast irradiation. Because of the extent of DCIS, a significant proportion of patients will need a total mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction.
SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY SPASM DURING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN A PATIENT WITH EXERCISE‐INDUCED ST SEGMENT ELEVATION
Authors: Hung MJ , Kuo LT , Wang CH , Cherng WJ 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYWe describe a patient with a history of early morning chest pain who developed ST segment elevation during a treadmill exercise test. Severe coronary artery stenosis was identified initially and was relieved after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin. A history of vasospastic angina in this patient facilitated prompt diagnosis.
GASTRIC LIPOMA CAUSING GASTRODUODENAL INTUSSUSCEPTION
Authors: Sankaranunni B , Ooi DSW , Sircar T , Smith RC , Barry J 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYA case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a submucosal gastric lipoma in a 48‐year‐old man is presented. He had intermittent symptoms of regurgitation and heartburn for a period of three years. Barium meal and CT scan showed a mass in the first part of duodenum. At laparotomy there was intussusception of gastric antrum into the duodenum with a submucosal lipoma in the antrum which formed the apex of the intussusception.
Students in the Forest: The Role of Design‐Build Pedagogies in Repairing Material Disconnections in Architecture Education
Authors: Brown James Benedict , Camilli Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores an intellectual disconnection in architectural education about the conception of wood as a building material. It explores initiatives to develop in future architects a deeper consciousness of the complex ecology of timber, promoting its sustainable use in the building industry. It explores six case studies drawn from architectural education to explore the ways in which the properties that make timber sustainable are explored through research and design, and how this deep understanding is transferred to students through hands‐on applications.
Should high‐cobalt EV batteries be repurposed? Using LCA to assess the impact of technological innovation on the waste hierarchy
Authors: Dunn Jessica , Ritter Kabian , Velázquez Jesús M. , Kendall Alissa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are a key technology in decarbonizing the transportation and electricity sectors, yet the use of critical materials, such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium, lead to environmental and social impacts. Reusing, repurposing, and recycling mitigate battery impacts by extending their lifespan and reducing reliance on virgin materials. Innovation that reduces demand for these problematic materials and increases battery efficiency also reduces impacts. Two examples of this technological innovation include, (1) the development of energy dense cathode chemistry containing less cobalt, a material with high social and environmental impacts; and (2) the use of columnar silicon thin film anode, which results in increased energy density compared to the commonly used graphite anode. This research assesses whether these technological innovations change the currently understood waste hierarchy, which prioritizes reuse or repurposing prior to recycling. This is of interest because retired high‐cobalt batteries could supply their constituent materials sooner if recycled immediately and be used in low‐cobalt, higher‐performing batteries. The assessment considers the life cycle environmental impacts of two end‐of‐life management routes for a high‐cobalt LIB: first, recycling the battery immediately after the first use life to produce a new, and less material intensive battery, and second, repurposing the battery for a stationary storage application followed by recycling. Findings show that battery reuse reduces life cycle environmental impacts relative to immediate recycling. Thus, from an environmental perspective, the waste hierarchy holds, and steps to retain the batteries in their highest value use, such as through repurposing, should still be prioritized.