bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obligation for AI Systems in Healthcare: Prepare for Trouble and Make it Double?
Authors: Quaranta Marinella , Amantea Ilaria Angela , Grosso Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Artificial Intelligence Act is the first EU proposal to impose binding provisions for AI Systems. As AI is now used in several different fields, those provisions setting AI legal standards might interact with other Regulations, especially in risky sectors, i.e. healthcare. This paper offers a brief analysis of what standards are to be considered if an AI system was intended to be used as a medical device. It shows the intersection between the Medical Device Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act, presenting which opportunities and challenges the new proposal might bring. Three case studies will test the intersection and report the practical outcomes in terms of classifications and obligations.
Towards a Risk-Based Continuous Auditing-Based Certification for Machine Learning
Authors: Knoblauch Dorian , Großmann Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMachine learning systems have gained widespread adoption across various industries. This includes highly regulated ones that need to match certain quality requirements based on a given risk exposure. The MLOps paradigm, following a similar approach to DevOps, promises major improvements in quality and speed, with a focus on deploying ML models at a fast pace with high quality on an automated basis. However, traditional point-in-time certifications with manual audits are inadequate for MLOps setups due to frequent changes to the ML system. To overcome this challenge, we propose Continuous Audit-Based Certification (CABC), which uses automated audits to issue or revoke certificates based on an automated assessment of artifacts from the MLOps lifecycle. Our approach utilizes artifacts from the MLOps lifecycle for quality measurements based on standards such as ISO 25012. We propose a risk-based measurement selection, an audit API for standardized retrieval of data for measurement, a tamper-proof data collection process, and an architecture for separation of duties in the certification process. CABC aims to improve efficiency, enhance trust in the ML system, and support highly regulated industries in achieving their quality goals.
Entrepreneurial Absorptive Capacity As Enabler of Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Kastelli Ioanna , Siokas Georgios , Tsakanikas Aggelos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper builds on Qian and Acs (Small Business Economics, 40, 185–197, 2013) concept of entrepreneurial absorptive capacity and empirically investigates its role in the context of new knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. When it comes to the business formation phase and especially to the creation of knowledge intensive entrepreneurial ventures, knowledge inheritance of new firms seems to be more related to individual attributes. The knowledge intensity of these ventures is very much dependent on the founders’ capability to understand new knowledge, combine their knowledge with external knowledge sources, and exploit it in the context of opportunities they can recognise; that is, their absorptive capacity. This study provides new insights into the concept of absorptive capacity by studying it at the individual level enhancing the way of measuring it. Based on quantitative data from a large-scale survey, we conducted a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) application, which verified the role of entrepreneurial absorptive capacity in triggering knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the results imply a weaker but positive indirect effect of absorptive capacity to new venture performance. There is also a statistically significant negative influence of competition intensity and a positive influence of equity funding on the formation of knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. At the policy level this analysis reveals the importance of micro-determinants in fostering knowledge intensive entrepreneurial activities.
Florida-California Cancer Health Equity Center (CaRE2) Community Scientist Research Advocacy Program
Authors: Hensel B. , Askins N. , Ibarra E. , Aristizabal C. , Guzman I. , Barahona R. , Hazelton-Glenn B. , Lee J. , Zhang Z. , Odedina F. , Wilkie D. J. , Stern M. C. , Baezconde-Garbanati L. , Suther S. , Webb F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Community Scientist Program (CSP), a model connecting researchers with community members, is effective to inform and involve the general population in health-related clinical research. Given the existing cancer disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations, more models describing how cancer-related CSPs are designed, implemented, and evaluated are needed. The Florida-California Cancer Research, Education and Engagement (CaRE2) Health Equity Center is a tri-institutional, bicoastal center created to eliminate cancer health disparities among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a populations living in California and in Florida. The CaRE2 Center created a Community Scientist Research Advocacy (CSRA) training program for community members to become cancer research advocates. The CSRA program is currently a 13-week program conducted 100% virtually with all materials provided in English and Spanish for participants to learn more about prostate, lung, and pancreas cancers, ongoing research at CaRE2, and ways to share cancer research throughout their communities. Participants attend didactic lectures on cancer research during weeks 1–5. In week 4, participants join CSRA self-selected groups based on cancer-related topics of interest. Each group presents their cancer-related advocacy project developed during weeks 5–12 at the final session. In this paper, we describe the CaRE2 Health Equity Center’s CSRA program, share results, and discuss opportunities for improvement in future program evaluation as well as replication of this model in other communities.
Minimal model explanations of cognition
Authors: Brancazio Nick , Meyer Russell 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActive materials are self-propelled non-living entities which, in some circumstances, exhibit a number of cognitively interesting behaviors such as gradient-following, avoiding obstacles, signaling and group coordination. This has led to scientific and philosophical discussion of whether this may make them useful as minimal models of cognition (Hanczyc, 2014; McGivern, 2019). Batterman and Rice (2014) have argued that what makes a minimal model explanatory is that the model is ultimately in the same universality class as the target system, which underpins why it exhibits the same macrobehavior. We appeal to recent research in basal cognition (Lyon et al., 2021) to establish appropriate target systems and essential features of cognition as a target of modeling. Looking at self-propelled oil droplets, a type of active material, we do not find that organization alone indicates that these systems exhibit the essential features of cognition. We then examine the specific behaviors of oil droplets but also fail to find that these demonstrate the essential features of cognition. Without a universality class, Batterman & Rice’s account of the explanatory power of minimal models simply does not apply to cognition. However, we also want to stress that it is not intended to; cognition is not the same type of behavioral phenomena as those found in physics. We then look to the minimal cognition methodology of Beer (1996, 2020a, b) to show how active materials can be explanatorily valuable regardless of their cognitive status because they engage in specific behaviors that have traditionally been expected to involve internal representational dynamics, revealing misconceptions about the cognitive underpinnings of certain, specific behaviors in target systems where such behaviors are cognitive. Further, Beer’s models can also be genuinely explanatory by providing dynamical explanations.
CuCoFe2O4@AC magnetic nanocomposite as a novel heterogeneous Fenton-like nanocatalyst for Ciprofloxacin degradation from aqueous solutions
Authors: Pourshaban-Mazandarani Maliheh , Ahmadian Mohammad , Nasiri Alireza , Poormohammadi Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCuCoFe2O4@Activated Carbon (AC) was synthesized by a fast, simple, and green microwave-assisted coprecipitation method, and then used as a new heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst in Fenton-like reaction for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation from aqueous media. CuCoFe2O4@AC was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Mapping, Line scan, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The characterization results showed that the CuCoFe2O4@AC nanocomposite was in the ferrite phase with a mesoporous, uniform, quasi-spherical surface and a particle size of about 25 nm. The total volume of single-point adsorption pores was equal to 0.22 cm3 g−1 and the specific surface area was determined to be 199.54 m2 g−1. This nanocomposite had good thermal stability with high magnetic strength. In the presence of H2O2, the synthesized nanocomposite provided a Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal from aqueous solutions. The investigation of this process showed that neutral pH, 1 g L−1 of the nanocomposite, and 73.5 mM of H2O2 were the optimal conditions for CIP removal with an initial CIP concentration of 20 mg L−1. The maximum removal efficiency of 95.77% was attained after 120 min of contact time under the optimum conditions. The CIP degradation during this Fenton-like process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with rate constants (Kapp) of 0.01 min−1. Finally, the CIP removal efficiency after 5 cycles of recovery and regeneration of CuFe2O4@AC was 87.65%. The excellent performance and high catalytic activity of CuCoFe2O4@AC in Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal make it have potential application foreground in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Old foes following news ways?—Pandemic-related changes in the epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections
Authors: Maison Nicole , Omony Jimmy , Rinderknecht Sophia , Kolberg Laura , Meyer-Bühn Melanie , von Mutius Erika , Hübner Johannes , von Both Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Following lockdown periods and restricting public health measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) rose significantly worldwide. This led to an increased burden on children’s hospitals compromising medical care of acutely and chronically ill children. We characterized changes in the epidemiological pattern of circulating respiratory viral infections.

Methods
We assessed the number of patients with RTIs and the annual distribution of virus detections between 2019 and 2022 based on 4809 clinical samples (4131 patients) from a German pediatric tertiary care-center. We investigated the impact of lockdown periods on spectra of circulating respiratory viruses, pattern of coinfections, age, and seasonality of infections.

Results
A fourfold increase in the number of respiratory virus detections was observed in 2022 vs 2019 with numbers doubling in 2022 (vs 2021). In 2022, seasonal patterns of circulating virus, particularly Adeno and seasonal Coronavirus were far less pronounced compared to previous years, in fact almost disappeared for Rhinoviruses.”. SARS-CoV-2, Parainfluenza- and human Metapneumovirus detections increased significantly in 2022 (2019 vs 2022, p < 0.01). Coinfections with multiple viruses occurred more frequently since 2021 compared to pre-pandemic years, especially in younger children (2019 vs 2022, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Compared to pre-pandemic years, we observed a dramatic increase in pediatric RTIs with an incrementing spectrum of viruses and a predominance in Rhino/Enterovirus infections – leading to a high rate of hospital admissions, particularly in conjunction with other viruses. This caused an acute shortage in medical care and may also be followed by an increase of virus-triggered secondary chronic respiratory diseases like asthma—rendering a burden on the health system.
Inflammatory and coagulant responses after acute respiratory failure in children of different body habitus
Authors: Ward Shan L. , Flori Heidi R. , Dahmer Mary K. , Weeks Heidi M. , Sapru Anil , Quasney Michael W. , Curley Martha A. Q. , Liu Kathleen D. , Matthay Michael A. ,   on behalf of the RESTORE, BALI study investigators
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Endothelial injury and systemic inflammation are key determinants of acute respiratory failure (ARF) outcome. We sought to determine if childhood obesity alters the degree of injury and inflammation in (ARF) patients with and without sepsis.

Methods
Plasma markers of endothelial injury (thrombomodulin), thrombosis (plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1), and inflammation (IL-8 and IL-1ra) were measured over 3 days in children with ARF. Weight classification (healthy, overweight, and obesity) was determined by body mass index or weight‐for‐height z scores. Daily biomarker concentration and concentration change over time were compared among weight groups. Secondarily, we stratified by sepsis versus non-sepsis ARF.

Results
Twenty-six percent of the 229 children had obesity. Obesity was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median of 12 days compared to 7 days in the healthy weight, p = 0.006) and ICU stay (median of 18 days compared to 10 days in the healthy weight, p = 0.01 and compared to 11 days in the overweight, p = 0.02). Thrombomodulin levels were significantly higher in the obesity group on study days 1 and 2. In those with sepsis-associated ARF, thrombomodulin change over time increased most significantly in the obesity group (p = 0.015 for the interaction term of weight group and day on thrombomodulin concentration). There were no weight-based differences for IL-8, IL-1ra, or PAI-1.

Conclusions
Obesity was associated with elevated thrombomodulin, most notably in children with sepsis-associated ARF. This may denote worse endothelial injury in children with obesity and ARF. We found no difference in biomarkers of systemic inflammation among the weight groups.
Impact of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on mortality associated with healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Atkinson Andrew , Nickel Katelin B. , Sahrmann John M. , Stwalley Dustin , Dubberke Erik R. , McMullen Kathleen , Marschall Jonas , Olsen Margaret A. , Kwon Jennie H. , Burnham Jason P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), and mortality.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Three St. Louis, MO hospitals.

Patients:
Adults admitted ≥48 hours from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2020.

Methods:
Hospital-acquired infections were defined as those occurring ≥48 hours after admission and were based on positive urine, respiratory, and blood cultures. Poisson interrupted time series compared mortality trajectory before (beginning January 1, 2017) and during the first 6 months of the pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify risk factors for mortality in patients with an HAI before and during the pandemic. A time-to-event analysis considered time to death and discharge by fitting Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
Among 6,447 admissions with subsequent HAIs, patients were predominantly White (67.9%), with more females (50.9% vs 46.1%, P = .02), having slightly lower body mass index (28 vs 29, P = .001), and more having private insurance (50.6% vs 45.7%, P = .01) in the pre-pandemic period. In the pre-pandemic era, there were 1,000 (17.6%) patient deaths, whereas there were 160 deaths (21.3%, P = .01) during the pandemic. A total of 53 (42.1%) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients died having an HAI. Age and comorbidities increased the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 and an HAI. During the pandemic, Black patients with an HAI and COVID-19 were more likely to die than White patients with an HAI and COVID-19.

Conclusions:
In three Midwestern hospitals, patients with concurrent HAIs and COVID-19 were more likely to die if they were Black, elderly, and had certain chronic comorbidities.
Analysis of 21 Patients With Alcoholic Marchiafava–Bignami Disease in Chongqing, China
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Li Wenju , Wang Yuzhu , Zhou Fu , Chen Xuan , Xi Zhi-Qin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT:Objective:This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with alcoholic Marchiafava–Bignami disease (MBD), a rare neurological disorder commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, in Chongqing, China.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 21 alcoholic MBD patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University between 2012 and 2022.Results:The study included 21 patients with alcoholic MBD who had a mean age of 59 ± 9.86 years and an average drinking history of 35.48 ± 8.65 years. Acute onset was observed in 14 (66.7%) patients. The primary clinical signs observed were psychiatric disorders (66.7%), altered consciousness (61.9%), cognitive disorders (61.9%), and seizures (42.9%). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed long T1 and long T2 signal changes in the corpus callosum, with lesions predominantly found in the genu (76.2%) and splenium (71.4%) of the corpus callosum. The poor prognosis group demonstrated an increased incidence of altered consciousness (100% vs 50%, P = 0.044), pyramidal signs (80% vs 18.8%, P = 0.011), and pneumonia (100% vs 31.3%, P = 0.007). Patients with a longer drinking history (45.0 ± 10.0 years vs 32.69 ± 5.99 years, p = 0.008) and a lower thiamine dose (p = 0.035) had a poorer prognosis at 1 year.Conclusions:This study identified altered consciousness, pyramidal signs, and pneumonia as predictors of a poor prognosis in patients with alcoholic MBD. A longer duration of alcohol consumption and inadequate thiamine supplementation were associated with a poorer prognosis.
A Comprehensive Health Economic Analysis of the 2023 Turkey Earthquake
Authors: Kahraman Serpil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Earthquakes can have long-term devastating health and economic effects. On February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras, located in Southern Turkey, was hit by 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes, which affected 11 cities and about 15 million people. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced a Grade 3 Emergency, requiring a major response because the health care delivery system was degraded and the health care supply chain disrupted. It is important to be prepared to implement policy actions immediately in such unpredictable events. This paper provides an overview of the economic and health status of the earthquake-affected area and the policy implications of the earthquakes to identify their effects and the region’s needs. The lessons learned can provide suggestions to strengthen disaster response mechanisms. The paper, which reports one of the leading studies on the 2023 earthquake, also contributes to the relatively limited health economics literature on the issue by taking a multidisciplinary approach. The results demonstrate that economic responses and health responses to an earthquake are inextricably linked.
UK biobank: Enhanced assessment of the epidemiology and long-term impact of coronavirus disease-2019
Authors: Feng Qi , Lacey Ben , Bešević Jelena , Omiyale Wemimo , Conroy Megan , Starkey Fenella , Calvin Catherine , Callen Howard , Bramley Laura , Welsh Samantha , Young Allen , Effingham Mark , Young Alan , Collins Rory , Holliday Jo , Allen Naomi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40–69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. The existence of such a large, detailed prospective cohort with a high degree of participant engagement enabled its rapid repurposing for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research. In response to the pandemic, the frequency of updates on hospitalisations and deaths among participants was immediately increased, and new data linkages were established to national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and primary care health records to facilitate research into the determinants of severe COVID-19. UK Biobank also instigated several sub-studies on COVID-19. In 2020, monthly blood samples were collected from approximately 20,000 individuals to investigate the distribution and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to assess the persistence of antibodies following infection with another blood sample collected after 12 months. UK Biobank also performed repeat imaging of approximately 2,000 participants (half of whom had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and half did not) to investigate the impact of the virus on changes in measures of internal organ structure and function. In addition, approximately 200,000 UK Biobank participants took part in a self-test SARS-CoV-2 antibody sub-study (between February and November 2021) to collect objective data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. These studies are enabling unique research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, as well as their long-term health effects. UK Biobank’s contribution to the national and international response to the pandemic represents a case study for its broader value, now and in the future, to precision medicine research.
“I Will Surely Have You Deported:” Undocumenting Clergy Sexual Abuse in an Immigrant Community
Authors: Reynolds Susan Bigelow 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTClergy sexual violence in immigrant communities is an understudied dimension of the sexual abuse crisis in the Roman Catholic church. Yet records suggest that bishops regularly treated immigrant-serving parishes as dumping grounds for serially abusive clergy. There, evidence suggests, abusers targeted minors from poor, vulnerable, and undocumented families, silencing victims with threats of deportation and further violence. How did legal status intersect with structures of state and ecclesial power and with social hierarchies of visibility in situations of clergy abuse? Centering the case of Msgr. Peter E. Garcia, a priest in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles who abused at least twenty boys between 1966 and 1987, this article examines archival evidence from unsealed clergy personnel files to interrogate the complex politics of documentation in the case. It attends to the relationship between three interwoven forms of (un)documentation: first, the precarious legal and social status of victims; second, the silences, redactions, and euphemisms that characterize church records containing these accounts; and third, the spatial undocumentation at work in the use of migrant parishes as clergy dumping grounds. It demonstrates how a post–Vatican II theological and pastoral imagination of intimacy with the poor, refracted through prisms of state, ecclesial, and clerical dominance, helped to create conditions for the production of invisible victims. The erasure accomplished through the overlapping forms of undocumentation in the Garcia case, it argues, can help to account for the absence of such stories from the broader narrative of Catholic clergy sexual abuse in the United States.