bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the safety profile of lecanemab: A comprehensive analysis of adverse events using FDA adverse event reporting system data
Authors: Ge Wukun , Yan Yingyan , Hu Yaoyao , Lin Shuainan , Mao Peizhi 
Published: January 2025

Background Lecanemab, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid-β, has shown promise in treating Alzheimer's disease. Comprehensive post-marketing safety data analysis is crucial to understand its real-world risk profile. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of lecanemab using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), with a focus on nervous system disorders and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Methods We conducted a disproportionality analysis using the FAERS database to evaluate the safety signals associated with lecanemab. Reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio, empirical Bayesian geometric mean, and information component were calculated at both system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) levels. Additionally, we performed a time-to-onset analysis using Weibull shape parameter estimation. Results Analysis at the SOC level revealed significant signals for nervous system disorders (ROR: 7.32, 95% CI: 6.69–8.00). At the PT level, strong signals were observed for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, particularly those associated with microhemorrhages and oedema (ROR: 4122.81 and 3922.78, respectively). Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event (200 cases), followed by chills (107 cases) and fatigue (97 cases). Time-to-onset analysis showed a median time of 33 days (range: 1–1283) for all adverse events, with neurological events occurring slightly later (median: 42 days, range: 1–1260). Conclusions Our findings highlight a distinct safety profile for lecanemab, with a predominant impact on the nervous system and a notable association with imaging abnormalities. These results underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and further research to optimize the risk-benefit profile of lecanemab in clinical practice.
Efficacy of music-based intervention for people living with dementia in an inpatient setting: A pilot study
Authors: Abeywickrama Neha , Miraval Mel N Ellul , Subramaniam Hari , Arshad Qadeer , Pollard Stephanie , Chauhan Geeta , Jussab Shifa , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B 
Published: January 2025

Background Pharmacological treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia is of limited benefit. The addition of non-pharmacological interventions is often essential for optimal symptom control. Music is a viable way to help patients communicate and improve their quality of life. Objective This study aims to find the most effective way to use music in a busy dementia ward. Methods 17 inpatients (aged 63–93 years) with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and dementia took part over five weeks. Music lyrics presented via free-field speakers were individualized to personal preferences. Instruments (e.g., maracas) were used in some group sessions. We used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Music in Dementia Assessment Scales (MiDAS) to evaluate patients’ behavior before and after musical intervention. Results There was a significant difference in mean NPI-Q scores before and after the music intervention. Specifically, Delusion, Motor Disturbances, and Agitation scores were significantly reduced after music intervention. This was accompanied by significant improvements in Interest, Response, and Enjoyment of MiDAS items during specific intervals. Conclusions Clinical professionals can successfully deliver music-based intervention to inpatients with advanced dementia to help manage their behavioral symptoms in the short term. Music-based interventions’ use for inpatient wards must be further investigated as an economical and personalized non-pharmacological therapeutic tool for patients with dementia.
Mobile health delivered physical activity after mild stroke or transient ischemic attack: Is it feasible and acceptable?
Authors: Thurston Charlotte , Humphries Sophia , Bezuidenhout Lucian , Johansson Sverker , Holmlund Lisa , von Koch Lena , English Coralie , Moulaee Conradsson David 
Published: January 2025

Background and aims: Physical activity is a key component of secondary stroke prevention. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions show promise for enhancing post-stroke physical activity, but most studies have combined mHealth with onsite services. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a fully digitalized mHealth intervention for physical activity among individuals post-stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in Sweden. Methods: In this two-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial, adults with stroke or TIA were randomized to one of the following 6-month interventions: (1) the experiment group, receiving mHealth-delivered supervised exercise (two sessions weekly during months 1 to 3, one session weekly during months 4 to 6) and behavioral change techniques for physical activity (including two individual counseling and six follow-up sessions) or (2) the control group, receiving two mHealth-delivered individual counseling and three follow-up sessions. Feasibility (reach, retention, adherence, fidelity, safety) and acceptability were assessed according to pre-specified progression criteria. Results: Of 114 participants, 105 (92%) completed the 6-month intervention and 102 (89%) completed the 12-month follow-up assessment. The intervention reached individuals from 20 of 21 Swedish regions. Sixty-eight percent of participants had a stroke (of which 96% were mild), 64% were female, and the average age was 71 years (standard deviation = 9). Ninety-five percent were born in Sweden, had a high level of education (61%), and an average daily step count of 6451 steps. Completion of outcome measures included digital questionnaires (98%), sensor-derived physical activity (92%), and blood pressure monitoring (97%). A total of 1781 supervised exercise sessions were delivered to the experiment group, with an adherence rate of 76%, and adherence to individual counseling and follow-up sessions was 96%. Ninety-five adverse events were recorded, of which 16 were related to the intervention (predominantly pain or muscle soreness) but non-serious. Overall satisfaction with the mobile app was 71%, and 76% of the experiment group believed the app could partly replicate in-person visits. Conclusion: The mHealth intervention was overall feasible and acceptable; however, there is a need to develop recruitment procedures to increase diversity of included participants regarding socioeconomic status and physical activity level, prior to a phase 3 trial. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05111951).
Shifting Time Zones, Shifting Narratives: NBC’s Primetime Broadcast Portrayal of Men and Women Athletes During the 2020 Tokyo and 2022 Beijing Olympic Games
Authors: Smith Lauren Reichart , MacArthur Paul J. 
Published: January 2025

Content analysis was used to examine NBC’s primetime broadcast commentary from the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games (62 hours) and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games (61.5 hours) to ascertain differences in how male and female athletes were described. Using an expanded taxonomy to analyze the descriptor word(s) assigned to each athlete, NBC’s commentary diverged based on athlete sex in a number of categories in both Games, though differences were not consistent between the two Games, with one notable exception. A number of firsts were found with respect to significant differences in descriptors in the Tokyo Games, while significant differences found in the Beijing commentary repeated previous findings. Commentary during the Tokyo Games appeared to present females as athletes first, as compared to men, focusing on their commitment, intelligence, and athletic backgrounds. Men were significantly more likely to have their attractiveness discussed, a result in opposition to previous studies. The attractiveness finding from Tokyo was also replicated for men during the Beijing Games. Overall, Tokyo commentary presented significant differences in 10 different categories, while the Beijing commentary presented significant differences in 5 different categories. The divergences are examined within their given Olympiad and also analyzed in a longitudinal context.
Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies in Spine Tumors: What the Surgeon Needs to Know
Authors: Chen Hanbo , Ghia Amol J. , Maralani Pejman J. , Bettegowda Chetan , Boriani Stefano , Dea Nicolas , Fisher Charles G. , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Laufer Ilya , Lazary Aron , Reynolds Jeremy , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , Rhines Laurence D. , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Narrative review of existing literature. Objectives Significant technological advancements in radiotherapy planning and delivery have enabled new radiotherapy techniques for the management of spine tumors. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of these treatment techniques for practicing spine surgeons. Methods A narrative review of the existing literature on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and particle beam therapy (PBT) for the treatment of spine tumors was performed. The characteristics, implementation and evidence supporting these strategies in the management of primary spinal neoplasms were summarized. Results The clinical effectiveness of SBRT for the control and symptom palliation of metastatic spinal tumors are well demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. Risks such as fracture, radiculopathy and plexopathy exist after spine SBRT, necessitating an individualized approach in a well experienced multidisciplinary setting. SBRT should be considered a key component of a well-rounded treatment plan for metastatic spine tumors in combination with surgery, vertebral augmentation, and drug therapy, where indicated, to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Additionally, PBT and SBRT are also leading to promising results for primary spine tumors, though comparative effectiveness studies and prospective clinical trials are required to establish these modalities more formally as alternatives to conventionally fractionated photon radiotherapy. Conclusions SBRT and PBT are emerging as effective and well tolerated treatment options for primary and metastatic spine tumors. Additional investigation is needed to personalize these treatment options and further strengthen these approaches as key components in a multidisciplinary approach to the management of spinal neoplasms.
Overview of Molecular Prognostication for Common Solid Tumor Histologies – What the Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Goodwin C. Rory , De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Bettegowda Chetan , Barzilai Ori , Shreyaskumar Patel , Fehlings Michael G. , Laufer Ilya , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence D. , Reynolds Jeremy J. , Lazary Aron , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Dea Nicolas , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , Sullivan Patricia Zadnik , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. , Boriani Stefano , Shin John H. , Hornicek Francis J. , Weber Michael H. , Goodwin Matthew L. , Charest-Morin Raphaële ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor
Published: January 2025

Study design Narrative Literature review. Objective To provide a general overview of important molecular markers and targeted therapies for the most common neoplasms (lung, breast, prostate and melanoma) that metastasize to the spine and offer guidance on how to best incorporate them in the clinical setting. Methods A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline databases, as well as the histology-specific National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines to identify relevant articles limited to the English language. Relevant articles were reviewed for commonly described molecular mutations or targeted therapeutics, as well as associated clinical outcomes, and surgery-related risks. Results Molecular markers and targeted therapies have dramatically improved the survival of cancer patients. The increasing importance of prognostic molecular markers and targeted therapies provides rationale for their incorporation into clinical decision-making for patients diagnosed with metastatic spine disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular markers/mutations and targeted therapies associated with the most common malignancies that metastasize to the spine and provide a framework that the surgeon can utilize when evaluating patients for potential intervention. Finally, we provide case examples that highlight the importance of molecular prognostication and therapies in surgical decision-making. Conclusion An integrated understanding of the implications of surgery, radiation, molecular markers and targeted therapies that guide prognostication and treatment is warranted in order to achieve the most favorable outcomes for patients with metastatic spine disease.
Role of Posterior Carbon Fiber Implants in Spine Tumor Surgery
Authors: Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher A. , North Robert , Tatsui Claudio , Kumar Naresh , Lo Sheng-fu , Mohammed Karim , Reynolds Jeremy , Lazary Aron , Laufer Ilya , Verlaan Jorrit Jan , Gokaslan Ziya , Luzzati Alessandro , Cecchinato Riccardo , Shin John , Hornicek Francis , Disch Alexander , Goodwin Matthew , Goodwin Rory , Sahgal Arjun , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Boriani Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Narrative Review. Objective The management of spinal tumors requires a multi-disciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy. Surgical approaches typically require posterior segmental instrumentation to maintain long-term spinal stability. Carbon fiber reinforced pedicle screws (CFRP) are increasingly used in the oncologic setting due to reductions in both imaging artifacts and radiotherapy perturbations compared to titanium implants. We performed a review of the literature and highlight advantages and future areas of study for CFRP. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and identified 10 articles including 573 patients. Across all studies we reviewed patient demographics, tumor types treated, hardware-related features, complication rates, recurrence, survival, and follow-up. Results Across 10 studies, a total of 1371 screws placed. Surgical and non-surgical complications were reported in 18.3% of patients. Disease progression at the surgical site was detected in 7.3% of patients. There was no significant difference in clinical or hardware complications between CFRP or titanium implants. The most frequent complication attributable to implanted CFRP hardware included screw breakage in 2.4% and loosening in 1.7% of patients, respectively. Conclusion CFRP provide a unique tool in the setting of spinal oncology. With a safety profile comparable to titanium, we review the documented advantages of CFRP posterior implants compared to titanium, while also addressing their current limitations. Additionally, we highlight several areas of future research to identify the optimal patients who will achieve the greatest benefit of CFRP.
Novel donepezil-tacrine hybrid (TAHB3) induces neurodifferentiation, neuroprotective effects, and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway on PC12 cells
Authors: dos Santos Ono Renata Melo , dos Santos Moreira Natália Chermont , Carvalho Ivone , Passos Geraldo Aleixo , Sakamoto-Hojo Elza Tiemi 
Published: January 2025

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the impairment of cognitive functions and neuronal loss. AD has no cure; current treatments like acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) alleviate symptoms but do not halt disease progression. Objective We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of two novel AChEI hybrid compounds (TAHB3 and TA8Amino), regarding cytotoxicity, neuroprotection and neurodifferentiation in PC12 cells. Methods The effects of TAHB3 and TA8Amino on neurodifferentiation were analyzed on PC12 cells which were treated with AChEI compounds for seven days, following morphological, and quantitative analyses to calculate the differentiation percentages, neurite length, and protein expression. Regarding cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays, PC12 cells were differentiated into mature neurons, then treated with TAHB3 or TA8Amino, following a posttreatment with H2O2 (an inducer of oxidative damage); the analyses were performed using the XTT assay and flow cytometry. Results The hybrid compound TAHB3 induced differentiation of PC12 cells, but TA8Amino did not cause the same effect. Both compounds did not show cytotoxic effects to PC12 cells and did not change the cell cycle progression, nor induce cell death. Only TAHB3 showed neuroprotective potential against induced-oxidative damage, and TAHB3 increased the levels of p-AKT, suggesting its action through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusions Our results showed that TAHB3 can induce neurodifferentiation, besides a neuroprotective activity, indicating the potential of AChEI hybrid compounds as novel candidates to be explored for the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with AD.
Gut microbiota may affect Alzheimer's disease through synaptic function mediated by CAMs pathway: A study combining Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics
Authors: Liu Ji-yun , Tan Cong-yan , Luo Li , Yin Xuan 
Published: January 2025

Background The association between gut microbes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been entirely elucidated. Objective We aimed to demonstrate the association between gut microbes and AD and to further investigate the pathogenesis of microbes with a causal relationship to AD. Methods Mendelian randomization analyses were used to determine the significant causal relationship between gut microbes and AD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to identify the hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis was used to reveal the pathogenesis theoretically between gut microbes and AD. Results In the present study, a total of 32 microbes were identified that were significantly associated with AD. Subsequently, DLGAP2, NRXN3, NEGR1, NTNAP2, MYH9, and SCN3A were identified as hub genes. The genes NRXN3, NEGR1, and NTNAP2 were enriched in the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) signaling, and the taxons of gut microbes that corresponded to these were Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Actinomycetales, and Intestinimonas massiliensis. Conclusions Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Actinomycetales, and Intestinimonas massiliensis may promote the progression of AD through the regulation of the CAMs signaling pathway-mediated synaptic function. Hence, the in-depth study of gut microbes may increase the efficiency of screening and diagnosis of AD.
Non-Linear Increase of the Real Contact Area of PMMA Blocks and the Related Contact Model
Authors: Luo Zhijun , Wu Kai , Yan Shaoze 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many experiments have supported the contact models, such as the GW and MB models, but the majority of previous validations have been performed under light loads, resulting in a linear relationship between normal force and contact area. However, the real contact area fraction should never equal one; there must be a limit smaller than the apparent area, implying that the real contact area cannot increase linearly indefinitely. In this paper, the real contact area between two polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks under heavy load is measured using the total reflection method, and the contact area is analyzed using the image processing method. The results show that the real contact area increases with normal load linearly in light loads but non-linearly in heavy loads; the number of contact spots increases with load linearly in light loads but also non-linearly in heavy loads, synchronous with the change in the real contact area. The GW, MB, and Zhao, Maietta, and Chang (ZMC) models were used to predict the experiment results, but none of them predicted the non-linear stage. A revised GW model based on the bulk deformation hypothesis performs better in predicting the non-linear stage. The study’s findings can be applied to PMMA or other similar materials, and they can serve as a useful reference for future research on the contact mechanisms of other materials.
Integration of silver nanostructures in wireless sensor networks for enhanced biochemical sensing
Authors: Sheela M. Sahaya , Kumarganesh S. , Pandey Binay Kumar , Lelisho Mesfin Esayas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Integrating noble metal nanostructures, specifically silver nanoparticles, into sensor designs has proven to enhance sensor performance across key metrics, including response time, stability, and sensitivity. However, a critical gap remains in understanding the unique contributions of various synthesis parameters on these enhancements. This study addresses this gap by examining how factors such as temperature, growth time, and choice of capping agents influence nanostructure shape and size, optimizing sensor performance for diverse conditions. Using silver nitrate and sodium borohydride, silver seed particles were created, followed by controlled growth in a solution containing additional silver ions. The size and morphology of the resulting nanostructures were regulated to achieve optimal properties for biochemical sensing in wireless sensor networks. Results demonstrated that embedding these nanostructures in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) matrices led to superior stability, maintaining 93% effectiveness over 30 days compared to 70% in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Performance metrics revealed significant improvements: reduced response times (1.2 ms vs. 1.5 ms at zero analyte concentration) and faster responses at higher analyte levels (0.2 ms). These outcomes confirm that higher synthesis temperatures and precise shape control contribute to larger, more stable nanostructures.The enhanced stability and responsiveness underscore the potential of noble metal nanostructures for scalable and durable sensor applications, offering a significant advancement over current methods.
Solu: a cloud platform for real-time genomic pathogen surveillance
Authors: Saratto Timo , Visuri Kerkko , Lehtinen Jonatan , Ortega-Sanz Irene , Steenwyk Jacob L. , Sihvonen Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Genomic surveillance is extensively used for tracking public health outbreaks and healthcare-associated pathogens. Despite advancements in bioinformatics pipelines, there are still significant challenges in terms of infrastructure, expertise, and security when it comes to continuous surveillance. The existing pipelines often require the user to set up and manage their own infrastructure and are not designed for continuous surveillance that demands integration of new and regularly generated sequencing data with previous analyses. Additionally, academic projects often do not meet the privacy requirements of healthcare providers.

Results
We present Solu, a cloud-based platform that integrates genomic data into a real-time, privacy-focused surveillance system.

Evaluation
Solu’s accuracy for taxonomy assignment, antimicrobial resistance genes, and phylogenetics was comparable to established pathogen surveillance pipelines. In some cases, Solu identified antimicrobial resistance genes that were previously undetected. Together, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of our platform.

Conclusions
By enabling reliable, user-friendly, and privacy-focused genomic surveillance, Solu has the potential to bridge the gap between cutting-edge research and practical, widespread application in healthcare settings. The platform is available for free academic use at https://platform.solugenomics.com.