bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule analysis of the improved variants of the G-quadruplex recognition protein G4P
Authors: Gaur Paras , Bain Fletcher E. , Honda Masayoshi , Granger Sophie L. , Spies Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs many as 700,000 unique sequences in the human genome are predicted to fold into G-quadruplexes (G4s), non-canonical structures formed by Hoogsteen guanine-guanine pairing within G-rich nucleic acids. G4s play both physiological and pathological roles in many vital cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA repair and RNA transcription. Several reagents have been developed to visualize G4sinvitro and in cells. Recently, Zhenet al. synthesized a small protein G4P based on the G4 recognition motif from RHAU (DHX36) helicase (RHAU specific motif, RSM). G4P was reported to bind the G4 structures in cells andin vitro, and to display better selectivity towards G4s than the previously published BG4 antibody. To get insight into the G4P-G4 interaction kinetics and selectivity, we purified G4P and its expanded variants, and analyzed their G4 binding using single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and mass photometry. We found that G4P binds to various G4s with affinities defined mostly by the association rate. Doubling the number of the RSM units in the G4P increases the protein’s affinity for telomeric G4s and its ability to interact with sequences folding into multiple G4s.
Development of an Accelerated Cellular Model for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xue Huijing , Gate Sylvester , Gentry Emma , Losert Wolfgang , Cao Kan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Current cellular models for AD often require several months to exhibit phenotypic features due to the lack of an aging environment in vitro. Lamin A is a key component of the nuclear lamina. And progerin, a truncated protein resulting from specific lamin A mutations, causes Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a disease that prematurely ages individuals. Studies have reported that lamin A expression is induced in the brains of AD patients, and overlapping cellular phenotypes have been observed between HGPS and AD cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous progerin expression on neural progenitor cells carrying familial AD mutations (FAD). Within three to four weeks of differentiation, these cells exhibited robust AD phenotypes, including increased tau phosphorylation, amyloid plaque accumulation, and an elevated Aβ42 to Aβ40 ratio. Additionally, progerin expression significantly increased AD cellular phenotypes such as cell death and cell cycle re-entry. Our results suggest that progerin expression could be used to create an accelerated model for AD development and drug screening.Significance StatementAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) contributes to most dementia, while its mechanism is still under investigation. One of the challenges for studying AD is the model issue, including the genetic divergence of animals and human, and the rejuvenation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Progerin is a mutant lamin A found in the accelerated aging disease progeria. There are a lot of molecular similarities between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and progeria. Here, we developed an accelerated 2D/3D cell model system for AD by ectopically expressing progerin in a previously characterized AD cell model carrying familial AD (FAD) mutations. Our study showed that progerin addition could accelerate AD phenotypical progression, including tau phosphorylation and formation of β-amyloid plaques.
Dual agonistic and antagonistic roles of ZC3H18 provides for co-activation of distinct nuclear RNA decay pathways
Authors: Polák Patrik , Garland William , Schmid Manfred , Salerno-Kochan Anna , Jakobsen Lis , Gockert Maria , Rathore Om , Gerlach Piotr , Silla Toomas , Andersen Jens S. , Conti Elena , Jensen Torben Heick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe RNA exosome is a versatile ribonuclease. In the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells, it is assisted by its adaptors the Nuclear EXosome Targeting (NEXT) complex and the PolyA eXosome Targeting (PAXT) connection. Via its association with the ARS2 and ZC3H18 proteins, NEXT/exosome is recruited to capped and short unadenylated transcripts. Conversely, PAXT/exosome was considered to target longer and adenylated substrates via their poly(A) tails. Here, mutational analysis of the core PAXT component ZFC3H1 uncovers a separate branch of the PAXT pathway, which targets short adenylated RNAs and relies on a direct ARS2-ZFC3H1 interaction. We further demonstrate that similar acidic-rich short linear motifs of ZFC3H1 and ZC3H18 compete for a common ARS2 epitope. Consequently, while promoting NEXT function, ZC3H18 antagonizes PAXT activity. We suggest that this unprecedented organization of RNA decay complexes provides co-activation of NEXT and PAXT at loci with abundant production of short exosome substrates.
Prediction of antibiotic resistance at the patient level using deep learning
Authors: Inda-Díaz Juan S. , Johnning Anna , Hessel Magnus , Sjöberg Anders , Lokrantz Anna , Helldal Lisa , Jirstrand Mats , Svensson Lennart , Kristiansson Erik 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTRapid and accurate diagnostics of bacterial infections are necessary for efficient treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Cultivation-based methods, such as antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), are limited by bacterial growth rates and may not produce results before the treatment starts. This increases patient risks and antibiotic overprescription. Here, we present a deep-learning method that merges patient data with available AST results to predict antibiotic susceptibilities that have not yet been measured. The method is combined with conformal prediction (CP) to enable the estimation of uncertainty of the predictions at the patient level. After training on three million AST results from thirty European countries, the method can predict susceptibility with a major error rate below 2.5% for quinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, and below 12% for penicillins. Furthermore, the model predicts resistance of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones with an average very major rate of 1.5% and 3.2%, respectively, but with higher very major error rates for penicillins, nalidixic acid, and aminoglycosides. We also show that the method reflects empirical error rates, even when limited diagnostic information is available. We conclude that decision support based on deep learning may offer new means to meet the growing burden of antibiotic resistance.IMPORTANCEImproved diagnostics tools are vital for maintaining efficient treatments of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and for reducing the overconsumption of antibiotics. In our research, we introduce a new deep learning-based method capable of predicting untested antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The method utilizes transformers – a powerful technique also used in large language models – which can efficiently take advantage of antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) and patient data simultaneously. The model produces computational predictions that can be used as time- and cost-efficient alternatives to results from additional cultivation-based diagnostic tests. Significantly, our study highlights the potential of AI technologies for meeting the growing burden of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Anatomical and behavioral correlates of auditory perception in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Qi Ting , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Pereira Christa L. Watson , Wellman Emma , Bogley Rian , Licata Abigail E. , Chang Edward F. , Oganian Yulia , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is typically associated with difficulties in basic auditory processing and in manipulating speech sounds. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of auditory difficulties in developmental dyslexia (DD) and their contribution to individual clinical phenotypes are still unknown. Recent intracranial electrocorticography findings associated processing of sound amplitude rises and speech sounds with posterior and middle superior temporal gyrus (STG), respectively. We hypothesize that regional STG anatomy will relate to specific auditory abilities in DD, and that auditory processing abilities will relate to behavioral difficulties with speech and reading. One hundred and ten children (78 DD, 32 typically developing, age 7-15 years) completed amplitude rise time and speech in noise discrimination tasks. They also underwent a battery of cognitive tests. Anatomical MRI scans were used to identify regions in which local cortical gyrification complexity correlated with auditory behavior. Behaviorally, amplitude rise time but not speech in noise performance was impaired in DD. Neurally, amplitude rise time and speech in noise performance correlated with gyrification in posterior and middle STG, respectively. Furthermore, amplitude rise time significantly contributed to reading impairments in DD, while speech in noise only explained variance in phonological awareness. Finally, amplitude rise time and speech in noise performance were not correlated, and each task was correlated with distinct neuropsychological measures, emphasizing their unique contributions to DD. Overall, we provide a direct link between the neurodevelopment of the left STG and individual variability in auditory processing abilities in neurotypical and dyslexic populations.
Discordance Between Self-Reported and Lab-Measured A1C Among U.S. Adults with Diabetes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020)
Authors: Kamath Aneesh , Imes Christopher C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo: 1) compare characteristics of those who report knowing their hemoglobin A1C (A1C) value versus those who do not; 2) determine the correlation and concordance between self-reported and lab-measured A1C; and 3) examine factors associated with a lab-measured A1C of ≤ 7%.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional secondary data analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013-2020. Participants ≥ 20 years old who reported receiving a diabetes diagnosis were included.ResultsAfter proper sample weighting, twenty-two percent of participants reported not knowing their A1C value. Not knowing one’s A1C value was associated with identifying as a racial or ethnic group other than White, having a lower income, and having less formal education (P values < 0.5). Self-reported A1C was moderately correlated with lab-measured A1C (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). Higher self-reported A1C and identifying as Black or Mexican American were associated with lower odds of good glycemic control.ConclusionsMany patients with diabetes did not know their A1C, and among those that did, the value was often inaccurate. Even when patients knew their A1C, the correlation between self-reported and lab-measured A1C was only moderate. Clinicians should evaluate and, if needed, enhance patient knowledge of A1C.
Audit committee diligence: do independent directors matter?
Authors: Biswas Pallab Kumar , Bala Swapan Kumar , Mandal Priyoti 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between audit committee (AC) independence and AC meeting frequency in an emerging country where the presence of majority independent directors (IDs) on AC is a voluntary requirement.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the agency theory framework to examine the relationship between AC independence and AC meeting frequency. The empirical evidence is provided by a unique hand-collected sample of Bangladeshi listed companies. Multivariate regression analysis is used to test the relationship. Robustness checks provide further empirical support.

Findings
This paper finds a positive and significant relationship between AC independence and AC meeting frequency. This is consistent with the notion that IDs are better monitors and demand more frequent AC meetings to protect their reputations. However, having at least two IDs does not significantly affect the number of AC meetings in family firms. This evidence questions director independence in family firms.

Research limitations/implications
This is a single-country study. Therefore, the findings may not apply to other countries with different institutional settings.

Originality/value
Unlike most prior studies, this study is based on a voluntary institutional setting where the companies are not required to have ACs comprising the majority of IDs. In such a setting, the authors find a significantly positive association between AC independence and meeting frequency compared to either a negative or insignificant relationship in the prior literature.
Principles for adopting offsite construction in design and construction companies focused on multifamily projects in the USA
Authors: Gusmao Brissi Sara , Debs Luciana 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study focuses on identifying key principles for implementing strategic changes in design and construction companies interested in successfully using offsite construction (OSC) in multifamily housing projects, considering the need for more affordable and sustainable multifamily housing in the United States of America (USA).Design/methodology/approachUsing mixed methods, the study involved three phases of data collection and data analysis: (1) delphi survey, (2) online survey, (3) proposition of principles and validation interviews.FindingsThe key principles identified by the present research are (1) develop product-oriented business model, (2) promote leadership and mindset engagement with OSC principles, (3) engage in partnerships and more innovative contractual models, (4) shift toward digital transformation, (5) develop training and knowledge management strategies, (6) adopt lean construction (LC) practices, (7) develop training and knowledge management strategies and (8) integrate logistics and supply chain management with AEC (architecture, engineering and construction) processes.Practical implicationsThe implementation of the principles and strategic changes identified in this study aims to prepare design and construction companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to embrace the increasing use of OSC in multifamily projects in the USA, which will make them more efficient and resilient and, ultimately, will contribute to the construction of more affordable and sustainable multifamily housing projects in the USA.Originality/valueThis is the first research to address holistic strategies to support design and construction companies in adopting OSC.
The future of work in shaping the employment inclusion of young adults with disabilities: a qualitative study
Authors: Jetha Arif , Shamaee Ali , Tompa Emile , Smith Peter , Bültmann Ute , Bonaccio Silvia , Tucker Lori B. , Norman Cameron , Banks Cristina G. , Gignac Monique A.M. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe world of work is changing and creating challenges and opportunities for the employment inclusion of young people with disabilities. In this article, the perceptions held by young adults with disabilities regarding participation in the future of work are examined.Design/methodology/approachOne-on-one interviews were conducted with Canadian young adults (ages 18–36 years) living with a disability. Participants were asked about their thoughts regarding the impact of the changing nature of work on their labor market involvement and career aspirations. A thematic analysis was performed to identify and examine emergent salient themes.FindingsIn total, 22 young adults were interviewed; over half held secure employment. Career aspirations and work-related decisions were primarily shaped by a participant's health needs. The future of work was seen as a more proximal determinant to employment. Digital technologies were expected to impact working conditions and create barriers and facilitators to employment. Participants who indicated being securely employed held positive expectations regarding the impact of digital technology on their work. Participants working precariously held negative appraisals regarding the impact of digital technologies on employment opportunities. The role of technological and soft skills was critical to participating in a labor market reliant on advanced technology. Participants reported barriers to developing job skills related to their disability and their work arrangements.Originality/valueThis research highlights the importance of considering changes in the future of work, especially the digital transformation of the economy, in the design of initiatives which promote the employment inclusion of young adults with disabilities. Despite the significance of the changing nature of work, supporting health needs and encouraging access to secure work arrangements also remain paramount.
Counteracting the curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure and career initiative: the role of mentoring and network barriers
Authors: Rao Alaka N. , Virick Meghna 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study investigates the antecedents of career initiative, a proactive behavior, whereby individuals engage in activities to promote their career development. The authors first argue that organizational tenure – the length of time employed within a specific organization – will exhibit a curvilinear or inverted-U-shaped relationship with career initiative. In the early years of an employment relationship, career initiative gradually increases as employees overcome the initial challenges of joining a new organization. However, career initiative will plateau and eventually decline as employees struggle to envision further development.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a survey design with data collected from the North American operations of a large global telecommunications company.

Findings
This study identifies two key mechanisms, both concerning relational context, that drive the curvilinear relationship between organizational tenure and career initiative: mentoring and barriers to networking. Specifically, increased mentoring and reduced barriers to networking both significantly weaken the curvilinear effect.

Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that organizations can promote proactive behaviors through employee mentoring and by removing network barriers, particularly for those most at risk for reduced career initiative: early- and especially later-tenure employees.

Originality/value
Career initiative is a valued behavior among employees, but individual-level phenomena can be fostered, or inhibited, by relational context. So, while some scholars have found a trend toward “boundaryless” careers, this study reveals the importance of considering how the boundaries and social context within organizations can create an environment in which employee proactivity can flourish.
Addressing virtual work challenges through women’s innate compassionate managerial leadership behaviors: the case of Nigeria
Authors: Imhanrenialena Benedict Ogbemudia , Ebhotemhen Wilson , Chukwu Ibe Benjamin , Obi-Anike Ozioma Happiness , Ekeoba Anthony Aziegbemin 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how women’s compassionate leadership behaviors relate to physical isolation, trust building and turnover intention in virtual work environments in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected quantitative data through two-wave surveys from 428 respondents in virtual work environments across public and private organizations in Nigeria. The proposed hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings
The outcomes from the test of hypotheses suggest that women’s compassionate managerial leadership behaviors negatively relate to physical isolation among virtual workers. Conversely, a positive link was found between women’s compassionate managerial leadership behaviors and trust building. Further, an inverse association was found between women’s compassionate managerial leadership behaviors and turnover intention among virtual workers.

Practical implications
Based on the findings, organizations may consider deploying more women managers to virtual work schedules to address trust, isolation and turnover intention challenges. Also, HR practitioners may consider training male managers in virtual work on how to restructure their relationships with subordinates to reflect compassionate attributes so that subordinates can feel safe sharing their worries with them for timely support. Policy-wise, relevant government agencies that are saddled with the responsibility of emancipating women from career-inhibiting patriarchal practices in Africa (i.e. confining women to the house) should encourage women to embrace the homeworking model, which holds great career potential for women.

Originality/value
As a response to the current calls for research on the suitable leadership style for virtual work environments, this study empirically demonstrates that women’s innate compassionate leadership behaviors significantly address physical isolation, trust and turnover intention challenges in virtual work settings. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explores the link between these variables. As such, this study substantially enriches the literature on gender in management.
Artificial intelligence and its influence in adult learning in China
Authors: Kang Haijun 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis research aimed to examine the current status of artificial intelligence's (AI's) integration into Chinese adult education, by analyzing the influences that AI has had on current adult education practices in China and by discussing the opportunities and challenges that adult education in China is faced with under the rapid AI development in the past 12 years.Design/methodology/approachThis research employed systematic literature analysis. CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journals Full-text Database was used to collect scholarly publications on the use of AI in adult education in China that was published in the past decade. Data analysis included the following steps: identifying key words and phrases, detecting underlying meanings, searching for logical connections and relationships, collecting and connecting evidence to the research questions, and drawing logical and credible conclusions.FindingsThe findings indicated that AI has been gradually integrated into Chinese adult education through innovations and explorations and AI's influence is broad and profound. More specifically, the following five main themes were identified. The field's understanding of AI technology and AI's influence on adult education has evolved and become more comprehensive; AI challenges traditional Chinese adult education practices by helping to actualize personalized learning and precision education; AI transforms adult learning resource development; AI helps to turn learning environment into an open intelligent learning system; and lastly, AI urges the shift of adult educator's role in adult learning.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is not without limitations. Contextualized in China, this study shares the limitations with other single country studies. One such limitation is “cumulation” issue. This study should be replicated in other country contexts to further validate the generalizability of the five main themes identified in this research.Practical implicationsThe five themes identified in this study can help understand the promises and challenges that AI brings to the field of adult education in China. These five themes can also serve as an integrated lens through which one can make sense of AI's integration into other countries' adult education practices.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need of understanding the current status of AI's integration into and influence on the field of adult education in China.