bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DKA/HHS insulin infusion protocol adherence and patient outcomes in Shellharbour Hospital
Authors: Khor Amanda , Mohiuddin Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) are medical emergencies requiring prompt assessment and management to avoid complications.AimsTo examine adherence to the hospital DKA/HHS insulin infusion protocol, assess outcomes in patients admitted with DKA or HHS, and determine if improvements have been observed from a similar audit in 2016.MethodsAn audit was conducted on 40 patients admitted to Shellharbour Hospital with DKA or HHS. Protocol adherence was assessed in the domains of fluid replacement, potassium replacement, use of the correct insulin infusion schedule, timing of commencement of dextrose infusion and appropriate transition to subcutaneous insulin. The outcomes assessed included length of hospital stay, duration of insulin infusion, time to euglycaemia, intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, overlap between insulin infusion and subcutaneous insulin, diabetes team review and incidence and management of hypoglycaemia.ResultsThe proportion of cases that adhered to the components of the insulin infusion protocol is as follows: fluid replacement (40%), potassium replacement (72.5%), correct insulin schedule (82.5%), appropriate commencement of intravenous dextrose (80%) and appropriate transition to subcutaneous insulin (87.5%). Appropriate overlap between insulin infusion and subcutaneous insulin occurred in 62.5% of patients. Eighty‐five per cent of patients were reviewed by the diabetes team. Three per 40 patients experienced hypoglycaemia, and none of the three patients was treated as per protocol. Compared to the 2016 audit, there was a significant improvement in potassium replacement but a decrease in appropriate fluid replacement.ConclusionThis audit highlights areas in DKA/HHS management requiring improvement. These include fluid and potassium replacement and appropriate overlap between subcutaneous insulin and insulin infusion.
Philosophical health andwuxingontology
Authors: Bâtcă Veronica , Simionescu‐Panait Andrei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, a new form of health has emerged, namely philosophical health. This novel concept is part of the philosophical counseling movement and relies on the philosophical method called the SMILE‐PH interview, which draws heavily from continental philosophy, including phenomenology. Reflecting on the link between health and philosophy brings us to an ancient healthcare tradition that actively relies on philosophy: Chinese healthcare and its founding wuxing, or five phases ontology.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to interpret philosophical health from the standpoint of wuxing ontology.MethodsWe used the multiple meanings of the five phases to interpret the six concepts of SMILE‐PH interview method. Then, we monitored how applying the SMILE‐PH involves a parent phase triggering for the counselee. Last, we focused our analysis on the triggered phase and conceptualized them into philosophical health.ResultsThe SMILE‐PH topics are located in a specific phase, namely the Metal phase (xin), which is described by the concepts of connection, existence, identity, meaning in one's life, and spirituality. The one‐phase structure of SMILE‐PH fosters the triggering of its parent phase: the predominant Metal phase character of the SMILE‐PH interview will promote the appearance of Earth phase answers. Conceptualizing the Earth phase into philosophical health adds the following aspects to the latter: emotional stability, the feeling of plenitude, and sharing without a transactional mindset.ConclusionWe obtained a clear perspective of the place of SMILE‐PH in wuxing ontology and added a new layer to philosophical health. The other phases of wuxing ontology remain to be tested and integrated into philosophical health.
Radiographic measurements of the hind limbs in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Authors: de Souza Siragusi Rafael H. , Rahal Sheila C. , Moresco Anneke , da Silva Jeana P. , Mamprim Maria J. , Mayrink Cardoso Eduardo B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiographic measurements are a useful tool to assess skeletal health and development in primates. This study aimed to perform radiographic measurements of hind limbs in capuchin monkeys.MethodsTwelve Sapajus spp. were used; ten adults and two sub‐adults, nine females and three males.Results and conclusionsThe pelvimetry showed that the pelvic inlet area presented mean values of 7.63, 10.23, and 5.43 cm2 for adult males, adult females, and sub‐adult females, respectively. The mean inclination angle was 129.45° and the mean values for the mechanical lateral proximal and distal femoral angles were 102.32° and 90.93°, respectively. The mean values for the anatomic lateral proximal and distal femoral angles were 104.59° and 85.98°, respectively. In conclusion, the radiographic measurements proved feasible for hind limb evaluation in Sapajus spp. and can be used for comparison with animals presenting orthopedic lesions.
Nodes of Ranvier in health and disease
Authors: Eshed‐Eisenbach Yael , Brophy Peter J. , Peles Elior 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAction potential propagation along myelinated axons depends on the geometry of the myelin unit and the division of the underlying axon to specialized domains. The latter include the nodes of Ranvier (NOR), the paranodal junction (PNJ) flanking the nodes, and the adjacent juxtaparanodal region that is located below the compact myelin of the internode. Each of these domains contains a unique composition of axoglial adhesion molecules (CAMs) and cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins, which together direct the placement of specific ion channels at the nodal and juxtaparanodal axolemma. In the last decade it has become increasingly clear that antibodies to some of these axoglial CAMs cause immune‐mediated neuropathies. In the current review we detail the molecular composition of the NOR and adjacent membrane domains, describe the function of different CAM complexes that mediate axon‐glia interactions along the myelin unit, and discuss their involvement and the underlying mechanisms taking place in peripheral nerve pathologies. This growing group of pathologies represent a new type of neuropathies termed “nodopathies” or “paranodopathies” that are characterized by unique clinical and molecular features which together reflect the mechanisms underlying the molecular assembly and maintenance of this specialized membrane domain.
Consumers' use of ambiguous product cues: The case of “regionality” claims
Authors: Herz Marc , Diamantopoulos Adamantios , Riefler Petra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmbiguous product cues—cues with multiple interpretation options—may impact consumer decision making. One such ambiguous cue is the designation of a product as “regional” without specifying the exact origin of the product. Here, consumers typically equate “regional” with spatial proximity, yet legally the use of regional labels does not necessarily reflect such proximity. A potential mismatch can occur between consumers' interpretation of regionality and firms' use of regional communication claims, leading to potential consumer deception and harmed consumer welfare. Drawing upon the accessibility‐diagnosticity‐framework and Elaboration‐Likelihood‐Model, this paper examines consumers' responses to different regionality cues. Across two studies, we find that communicated regionality cues heighten consumers' product evaluations resulting from (mis)perceived spatial proximity. Informing consumers about the true product results in unfavorable evaluations if that origin is spatially distant. Our findings call for regulation of regional product labels and highlight the need for communication standards in consumer markets.
Barriers and enablers to providing evidence‐based in‐hospital urinary continence care: A cross‐sectional survey informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Boyle Kerry , Marsden Dianne Lesley , Waller Amy , Duff Jed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the barriers and enablers perceived by hospital‐based clinicians to providing evidence‐based continence care to inpatients.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study of inpatient clinicians using a questionnaire.MethodsAcute care and rehabilitation clinicians from 15 wards that admit patients after stroke at 12 hospitals (NSW = 11, Queensland =1, metropolitan = 4, regional = 8) were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The 58 questions (answered on a 5‐point Likert scale) were aligned to 13 of the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results were dichotomized into ‘strongly agree/agree’ and ‘unsure/disagree/strongly disagree’ and proportions were calculated. Data collection occurred between January 2019 and March 2019.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 291 participants with 88% being nurses. Barriers were found in nine domains including knowledge; skills; memory attention and decision making; emotion; environmental context and resources; behavioural regulation; social professional role; intensions, social influences; and beliefs about capabilities. Enablers were found in seven domains including goals; social influences; knowledge; skills; social, professional role and identity; reinforcement and beliefs about consequences.ConclusionThis multi‐site, multi‐professional study that included predominantly nurses highlights the barriers and enablers to inpatient continence care. Future implementation studies in inpatient continence management should address these identified barriers and enablers to improve effectiveness of implementation of evidence‐based care.Implications for the professionThis study highlights that although there are many barriers to ward nurses providing evidence‐based continence care, there are also several enablers. Both should be addressed to improve practice.Reporting methodWe adhered to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES) (Supplementary File 1).Relevance to clinical practiceEstablishing barriers to practice gives a broader understanding of why practice does not occur and establishes areas where researchers and clinicians need to address in order to change behaviour.
Lip and tongue pressure and the functionality of oro‐facial structures in healthy individuals
Authors: Ramos Verônica Fernandes , Silva Anderson Francisco , Degan Viviane Veroni , Celeste Letícia Correa , Picinato‐Pirola Melissa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the ageing process changes in the musculature of oro‐facial structures take place, consequently there is a reduction in the strength and mobility of the lips, tongue and cheeks.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to correlate oro‐facial structures and chewing and swallowing functions among a group of senior citizens and young adults and check the influence of lip and tongue pressure of these functions.MethodsThis is an observational, cross‐sectional and analytical study. Thirty seniors with an average age of 67.13 years and 30 young adults with an average age of 22.03 years participated in the study. The Oro‐facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Scores for the Elderly and the Oro‐facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Expanded Scores were also used. The evaluation of the force of pressure of the lips and tip and dorsum of the tongue was carried out using the Biofeedback device Pró‐Fono: Lip and Tongue Pressure.ResultsYoung adults had a higher evaluation score for the aspect/posture of the face, cheeks, lips, mentalis muscle, tongue, mobility of lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, chewing and swallowing functions, total time and chewing strokes, and tip pressure and dorsum of tongue. According to the Structural Equation Modelling, a direct relationship was found between the tongue dorsum pressure force and the swallowing function.ConclusionWith healthy ageing changes occurring in the appearance, posture and mobility of the lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, with the seniors and reduced performance of chewing and swallowing functions.
Human immunodeficiency virus coinfection differentially impacts hepatitis B virus viral markers based on hepatitis Be antigen status in patients with suppressed viremia
Authors: Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , King Wendy C. , Ghany Marc G. , Chung Raymond T. , Hinerman Amanda S. , Cloherty Gavin A. , Khalili Mandana , Jain Mamta K. , Sulkowski Mark , Sterling Richard K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), reflecting transcriptional activity of covalently closed circular DNA, are gaining traction as important markers to assess viral activity. Whether their expression differs under viral suppression by HIV co‐infection status is unknown. Among adults with chronic HBV on antiviral therapy, we sought to determine if the expression of HBV markers (specialized and well‐established) differs between HBV‐HIV co‐infection vs. HBV mono‐infection. We compared HBV marker levels among 105 participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN) HBV‐HIV Ancillary Study and 105 participants in the HBRN mono‐infected Cohort Study, matched for HBeAg status and HBV DNA suppression on therapy. Among HBeAg+ participants (N = 58 per group), after adjusting for age, sex, race, ALT and HBV DNA, viral markers were higher (p < .05) in the HBV‐HIV versus the HBV‐only sample (HBeAg: 1.05 vs. 0.51 log10 IU/mL; HBsAg: 3.85 vs. 3.17 log10 IU/mL; HBV RNA: 5.60 vs. 3.70 log10 U/mL; HBcrAg: 6.59 vs. 5.51 log10 U/mL). Conversely, among HBeAg(−) participants (N = 47 per group), HBsAg (2.00 vs. 3.04 log10 IU/mL) and HBV RNA (1.87 vs. 2.66 log10 U/mL) were lower (p < .05) in HBV‐HIV vs. HBV‐only; HBcrAg levels were similar (4.14 vs. 3.64 log10 U/mL; p = .27). Among adults with chronic HBV with suppressed viremia on antiviral therapy, viral markers tracked with HIV co‐infection status and associations differed inversely by HBeAg status. The greater sensitivity and specificity of HBV RNA compared to HBcrAg allows for better discrimination of transcriptional activity regardless of HBeAg status.
Body size predicts prey preference but not diet breadth in pythons
Authors: Barends J. M. , Naik H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor gape‐limited predators like snakes that swallow their prey whole, large‐bodied species with wide gapes should theoretically be able to consume a more diverse range of prey than smaller species with narrow gapes and, therefore, may have broader diets. However, in cases where large‐bodied species exclude small prey, their diets may not necessarily be more taxonomically diverse compared to smaller species. Thus, while body size can potentially predict broad dietary preferences, it cannot always predict diet breadth. We explored the relationship between body size and diet within the Pythonidae—a morphologically diverse clade of dwarf and giant snakes. We gathered ecological data of pythons and tested if python body lengths correlated with diet breadth and diet preferences respectively within a phylogenetic framework. Next, we reconstructed ancestral diets (as proportional use of ectothermic prey in their diets) and body lengths across a phylogeny of 36 species of pythons to explore the evolutionary relationship between these traits. We demonstrate that among extant pythons, body size is not linearly associated with diet breadth but linearly correlates with proportional use of ectothermic (and inversely endothermic) prey. Small‐bodied pythons more often have specialized diets dominated by the use of ectotherm prey whereas large‐bodied pythons tend to have diets dominated by the use of endotherm prey. We further show that the most recent common ancestor of pythons was likely large‐bodied and fed on a diet comprised mostly of endothermic prey. Shifts in diet towards greater proportional use of endothermic prey coincided with increases in body size. Conversely, shifts in diet towards greater proportional use of ectothermic prey coincided with decreases in body size. Our findings contribute to the growing body of work investigating the ecomorphological determinants of snake diets and thus provide further insight into our understanding of these animals' ecology and evolution.
Signs of local adaptation by genetic selection and isolation promoted by extreme temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Ruocco Miriam , Dattolo Emanuela , Cassetti Federica Paola , Calvo Sebastiano , Tomasello Agostino , Marín‐Guirao Lázaro , Pernice Mathieu , Procaccini Gabriele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdaptation to local conditions is known to occur in seagrasses; however, knowledge of the genetic basis underlying this phenomenon remains scarce. Here, we analysed Posidonia oceanica from six sites within and around the Stagnone di Marsala, a semi‐enclosed coastal lagoon where salinity and temperature exceed the generally described tolerance thresholds of the species. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were measured and plant samples were collected for the assessment of morphology, flowering rate and for screening genome‐wide polymorphisms using double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing. Results demonstrated more extreme SSTs and salinity levels inside the lagoon than the outer lagoon regions. Morphological results showed significantly fewer and shorter leaves and reduced rhizome growth of P. oceanica from the inner lagoon and past flowering events were recorded only for a meadow farthest away from the lagoon. Using an array of 51,329 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we revealed a clear genetic structure among the study sites and confirmed the genetic isolation and high clonality of the innermost site. In all, 14 outlier loci were identified and annotated with several proteins including those relate to plant stress response, protein transport and regulators of plant‐specific developmental events. Especially, five outlier loci showed maximum allele frequency at the innermost site, likely reflecting adaptation to the extreme temperature and salinity regimes, possibly due to the selection of more resistant genotypes and the progressive restriction of gene flow. Overall, this study helps us to disentangle the genetic basis of seagrass adaptation to local environmental conditions and may support future works on assisted evolution in seagrasses.
Scar‐related atrial macroreentries: Different arrhymogenic basis generates different reentry type
Authors: Zhai Lishang , Chen Hongwu , Chen Jianquan , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Fengxiang , Yang Gang , Gu Kai , Liu Hailei , Wang Zidun , Li Mingfang , Cao Kejiang , Wang Daowu , Chen Minglong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is an established therapeutic strategy to treat scar‐related macroreentry atrial tachycardia (MAT). However, the scar properties and arrhythmogenicity and the reentry type have not been clearly defined.Methods and ResultsA total of 122 patients with scar‐related MAT were enrolled in this study. The atrial scars were classified into two categories: spontaneous scars (Group A: n = 28) and iatrogenic scars (Group B: n = 94). According to the relationship between scar location and the reentry circuit, MAT was described as scar pro‐flutter MAT, scar‐dependent MAT, and scar‐mediated MAT. The reentry type of MAT was significantly different between Groups A and B: pro‐flutter (40.5% vs. 62.0%, p = 0.02), scar‐dependent AT (40.5% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001), and scar‐mediated AT (19.0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.42). After a median follow‐up of 25 months, 21 patients with AT recurrence were observed. Compared with the spontaneous group, there was a lower recurrence rate of MAT in the iatrogenic group (28.6% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.03).ConclusionScar‐related MAT has three reentry types, and the proportion of each type varies with the scar properties and its arrhythmogenic basis. Optimization of the ablation strategy based on the scar properties to improve the long‐term outcome of catheter ablation of MAT is necessary.
A Theory of Rights Based on Autonomy
Authors: Maniaci Giorgio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article takes a critical look at the classic couplet of theories on the justification of rights, namely, the choice theory and the interest or benefit theory, where the two are understood to be in conflict. The argument is made that this couplet is best replaced with a new one, namely, a sophisticated rendering of the benefit theory coupled with the autonomy theory, such that any conflict is resolved. The latter two theories take different cases in justifying the attribution of rights: The autonomy theory is concerned with justifying the attribution of rights to adult, rational, and competent subjects, arguing that this attribution requires a sufficiently autonomous claim by such subjects, while the benefit theory seeks to justify the attribution of rights to subjects who lack any of these three properties, meaning that they cannot be considered adult, rational, or competent.
Applying propensity score matching to assess the impact of the pandemic on intimate relationships
Authors: Overall Nickola C. , Howard Chloe , Osborne Danny , Pietromonaco Paula R. , Satherley Nicole , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic produced multiple stressors that risk relationship conflict and dissatisfaction. We extended prior studies that yielded inconsistent effects of the pandemic on relationships by using propensity score matching to (1) compare levels of relationship conflict and satisfaction during the pandemic (pandemic group; N = 7268) to similar people immediately before the pandemic (matched control group; N = 7268), and (2) compare pandemic groups facing different types of restrictions, beginning with lockdowns involving household isolation to returning to normal life. Results reveal that relationship conflict increased and relationship satisfaction decreased in response to the pandemic, but these effects were very small and primarily occurred in the initial stages of the pandemic when lockdown involved household isolation. The results add to evidence of resilience in personal and relationship well‐being in 2020, but also indicate the importance of understanding the effects of varying pandemic‐related conditions across the years of the pandemic.
Associations between COVID‐19‐related disruptions and psychological adjustment in a sample of young adults
Authors: Hoyle Rick H. , Davisson Erin K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examined the relations between disruptions experienced by young adults in the US during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their psychological adjustment. An online sample (N = 180, Mage = 24.8) reported on the impact of the pandemic on their living arrangements, work status, and finances; their psychological adjustment overall and with specific reference to the pandemic; and whether they lived alone and, if living with others, there were children in the home. Results indicated a moderate association between financial strain and poor overall adjustment and a small association between job‐related problems and sleep disruption. Women experienced negative effects of pandemic‐related disruptions on their adjustment. Men were particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of financial strain. The results show the negative psychological effects of disruptions brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic on young adults' mental health.