bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic pain among U.S. sexual minority adults who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or “something else”
Authors: Zajacova Anna , Grol-Prokopczyk Hanna , Liu Hui , Reczek Rin , Nahin Richard L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study assesses chronic pain prevalence among sexual minority U.S. adults who self-identify as gay/lesbian, bisexual, or “something else,” and examines the role of select covariates in the observed patterns. Analyses are based on 2013 to 2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey, a leading cross-sectional survey representative of the U.S. population. General chronic pain and chronic pain in 3+ sites among adults aged 18 to 64 years (N = 134,266 and 95,675, respectively) are analyzed using robust Poisson regression and nonlinear decomposition; covariates include demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare, and psychological distress measures. We find large disparities for both pain outcomes. Americans who self-identify as bisexual or “something else” have the highest general chronic pain prevalence (23.7% and 27.0%, respectively), compared with 21.7% among gay/lesbian and 17.2% straight adults. For pain in 3+ sites, disparities are even larger: Age-adjusted prevalence is over twice as high among adults who self-identify as bisexual or “something else” and 50% higher among gay/lesbian, compared with straight adults. Psychological distress is the most salient correlate of the disparities, whereas socioeconomic status and healthcare variables explain only a modest proportion. Findings thus indicate that even in an era of meaningful social and political advances, sexual minority American adults have significantly more chronic pain than their straight counterparts. We call for data collection efforts to include information on perceived discrimination, prejudice, and stigma as potential key upstream factors that drive pain disparities among members of these minoritized groups.
COVID-19 Infections and Predictors of Sickness Related Absences Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Sakr Carine J. , Fakih Lina , Melhem Nada M. , Fakhreddine Mohammad , Musharrafieh Umayya , Banna Hanin , Doudakian Rita , Zahreddine Nada Kara , Tannous Joseph , Kanj Souha S. , Slade Martin , Redlich Carrie A. , Rahme Diana 
Published: April 2023

Background
Little has been published on predictors of prolonged sick leaves during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the rate of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify the predictors of longer sick leave days.

Methods
We identified predictors of longer sick leave using linear regression analysis in a cross-sectional study design.

Results
Thirty-three percent of the total workforce contracted COVID-19. On average, HCWs took 12.5 sick leave days after COVID-19 infection. The regression analysis revealed that older employees, nurses, and those who caught COVID-19 earlier in the pandemic were more likely to take longer sick leave.

Conclusions
Age, job position, and month of infection predicted sick leave duration among HCWs in our sample. Results imply that transmission was most likely community-based. Public health interventions should consider these factors when planning for future pandemics.
Maternal and Paternal Household Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ruth Alexandra L. , Rehman Umer , Stewart Patricia , Moore Lee E. , Yucel Recai , Taylor Wilson Robin 
Published: April 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk estimates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia change when restricting model comparison groups to “nonpesticide exposure” (NPE10) households.

Methods
Cases (n = 1810) 15 years or younger were identified through Children's Cancer Group institutions between 1989 and 1993 and age-/sex-matched to controls (n = 1951). Household pesticide use during pregnancy/month prior was collected via telephone. NPE10 comparison group reporting no parental exposure to 10 pesticide classes was identified.

Results
Adjusted odds ratios increased from 15% to 49% when limiting the comparison to NPE10. Maternal termite insecticide exposure was associated with greatest risk (adjusted odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.00–8.88). There was minimal evidence of interaction by child sex or occupational pesticide exposure, and no monotonic dose-response pattern with frequency of use (times per year).

Conclusions
Elevated risks are consistent with published pooled-/meta-analyses and DNA damage. The consistency and magnitude of these associations warrant product labeling, exposure reduction interventions, or both.
An early pop-up mpox vaccine clinic
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Blackwell Christopher 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, emerged as a viral zoonotic disease in 2022. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic in July 2022. Through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's emergency use authorization, JYNNEOS became the dominant vaccine for prevention of mpox. California leads the nation in the number of U.S. cases, and the outbreak created opportunities for a nurse practitioner–led pop-up vaccination clinic in Los Angeles County. Interprofessional teamwork with pharmacists and public health officials increased the number of individuals vaccinated. By November, the WHO released operational planning guidelines. Nurse practitioners can use these guidelines in anticipation of the next pandemic.
Nutritional and medical approaches to intestinal failure
Authors: Salazar Jonathan A. , Carey Alexandra N. , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Advances in the field of intestinal failure continue to reduce mortality rates of this complex syndrome. Over the last 20 months (January 2021– October 2022), several important papers were published that relate to the nutritional and medical management of intestinal failure and rehabilitation.

Recent findings
New reports on the epidemiology of intestinal failure have shown that short bowel syndrome (SBS) remains the most common cause of intestinal failure worldwide in both adults and children. Advances in the provision of parenteral nutrition (PN), the advent of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogs, and the development of interdisciplinary centers have allowed for safer and longer courses of parenteral support. Unfortunately, rates of enteral anatomy continue to lag behind these advancements, requiring greater focus on quality of life, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and management of sequalae of long-term PN such as Intestinal Failure Associated Liver Disease (IFALD), small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO), and Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD).

Summary
There have been significant advances in the nutritional and medical approaches in intestinal failure, including advances in PN, use of GLP-2 analogs, and key developments in the medical management of this condition. As children with intestinal failure increasingly survive to adulthood, new challenges exist with respect to the management of a changing population of patients with SBS. Interdisciplinary centers remain standard of care for this complex patient population.
Linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid that reduces risk for cardiometabolic diseases: premise, promise and practical implications
Authors: Belury Martha Ann 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
As heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases continue to rise, identifying lifestyle modifications to prevent cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is urgently needed. Clinical evidence consistently shows that higher dietary or biomarker levels of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) reduce metabolic syndrome (Mets) and reduce the risk for CMD. Yet, dietary recommendations to include LA as part of a lifestyle plan with the goal of preventing CMD remain elusive.

Recent findings
Clinical interventions consistently show that dietary the addition of LA to the diet improves body composition, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity while reducing systemic inflammation and fatty liver. These effects of LA position dietary LA-rich oils as a potential dietary strategy to aid in preventing CMD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are cellular targets for many polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipin metabolites. PPAR activation can regulate dyslipidemia, insulin sensitivity, adipose biology, and inflammation, potentially explaining the plethora of effects of dietary LA on aspects of CMD.

Summary
Unraveling the cellular mechanism(s) of LA to impact PPAR activity may reset a false dogma that LA, as a member of the omega-6 fatty acid family, promotes inflammation in humans. In fact, LA appears to reduce inflammation and reduce risk for CMD.
Growing experience of surgical gut rehabilitation: essential role in the management of gut failure in adult patients
Authors: Fujiki Masato , Osman Mohammed , Abu-Elmagd Kareem 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
With the inherent therapeutic limitations of gut transplantation, the concept of surgical gut rehabilitation was introduced to restore nutritional autonomy in pediatric patients. With favorable outcomes in these young patients, there has been increasing interest in the applicability of gut rehabilitative surgery to a growing population of adults with gut failure due to various etiologies. We aim to review the current status of surgical gut rehabilitation for adult gut failure patients in the era of multidisciplinary gut rehabilitation and transplantation.

Recent findings
Indications for surgical gut rehabilitation have been gradually expanding, with gut failure after bariatric surgery recently added. Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) has been used with favorable outcomes in adult patients, including those with intrinsic intestinal disease. Autologous gut reconstruction (AGR) is the most frequently used surgical rehabilitative method; its outcome is further improved with conjunctive use of bowel lengthening and enterocyte growth factor as a part of comprehensive gut rehabilitation.

Summary
Accumulated experiences have validated the efficacy of gut rehabilitation for survival, nutritional autonomy, and quality of life in adults with gut failure of various etiology. Further progress is expected with growing experience around the world.
Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Angiopoietin-2, and C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Subsequent Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Persons With Treated HIV Infection
Authors: Graham Susan M. , Nance Robin M. , Chen Junmei , Wurfel Mark M. , Hunt Peter W. , Heckbert Susan R. , Budoff Matthew J. , Moore Richard D. , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Crane Heidi M. , López José A. , Liles W. Conrad 
Published: April 2023

Background:
HIV infection leads to endothelial activation, promoting platelet adhesion, and accelerating atherosclerosis. Our goal was to determine whether biomarkers of endothelial activation and hemostasis/thrombosis were elevated in people with treated HIV (PWH) before myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods:
In a case–control study nested within the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort, we compared 69 adjudicated cases with type 1 MI with 138 controls matched for antiretroviral therapy regimen. We measured angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), von Willebrand factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activation inhibitor-1, P-selectin, serum amyloid-A, soluble CD14, and apolipoprotein A1 in stored plasma. Conditional logistic regression identified associations with subsequent MI, with and without adjustment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) scores.

Results:
Higher IL-6 was associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.05 to 2.17 per standard-deviation-scaled log2 increment). In a separate model adjusting for VACS score, higher ANG-2 (AOR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.14), higher CRP (AOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.00), and higher IL-6 (AOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.41) were associated with MI. In a sensitivity analysis excluding PWH with viral load ≥400 copies/mL, higher IL-6 remained associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score and after adjustment for VACS score.

Conclusions:
Among PWH, higher levels of plasma IL-6, CRP, and ANG-2 predict subsequent type 1 MI, independent of conventional risk scores. IL-6 had the most consistent associations with type 1 MI, regardless of viral load suppression.
Synchronous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Rectum and Anal Canal Detected by FDG PET/CT—A Rare Entity
Authors: Jabbar Shabana Abdul , Selvakumar B. , Soni Subhash Chandra , Taywade Sameer , Elhence Poonam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the anal canal, and FDG PET/CT is recommended in its nodal staging, radiotherapy planning, and response assessment. We share an interesting case of dual primary malignancy of the anal canal and rectum, which was detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT and confirmed on histopathology as synchronous squamous cell carcinoma.
Exploring the EVolution in PrognOstic CapabiLity of MUltisequence Cardiac MagneTIc ResOnance in PatieNts Affected by Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Based on Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Pisu Francesco , Gatti Marco , Velthuis Birgitta , Loewe Christian , Cademartiri Filippo , Pontone Gianluca , Montisci Roberta , Guglielmo Marco , Sironi Sandro , Esposito Antonio , Francone Marco , Dacher Nicholas , Peebles Charles , Bastarrika Gorka , Salgado Rodrigo , Saba Luca 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a transient but severe acute myocardial dysfunction with a wide range of outcomes from favorable to life-threatening. The current risk stratification scores of TTC patients do not include cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters. To date, it is still unknown whether and how clinical, trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), and CMR data can be integrated to improve risk stratification.

Methods:
EVOLUTION (Exploring the eVolution in prognOstic capabiLity of mUlti-sequence cardiac magneTIc resOnance in patieNts affected by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) is a multicenter, international registry of TTC patients who will undergo a clinical, TTE, and CMR evaluation. Clinical data including demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, laboratory values, ECG, and results from TTE and CMR analysis will be collected, and each patient will be followed-up for in-hospital and long-term outcomes. Clinical outcome measures during hospitalization will include cardiovascular death, pulmonary edema, arrhythmias, stroke, or transient ischemic attack.
Clinical long-term outcome measures will include cardiovascular death, pulmonary edema, heart failure, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events defined as a composite endpoint of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, recurrence of TTC, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. We will develop a comprehensive clinical and imaging score that predicts TTC outcomes and test the value of machine learning models, incorporating clinical and imaging parameters to predict prognosis.

Conclusions:
The main goal of the study is to develop a comprehensive clinical and imaging score, that includes TTE and CMR data, in a large cohort of TTC patients for risk stratification and outcome prediction as a basis for possible changes in patient management.
High-dose Polyphenol-rich Nutrition Improves Lipid and Inflammation Profiles and Triggers Apoptotic Signaling in Healthy Elderly People (the ErdBEHR Study)
Authors: Hartmann Alexander , Secci Riccardo , Mensch Juliane , Jäger Kathrin , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Barrantes Israel , Palmer Daniel , Kowald Axel , Schwarz Rico , Hinz Burkhard , Weber Daniela , Grune Tilman , Hübbe Patricia , Rimbach Gerald , Rudolf Henrik , Walter Michael , Fuellen Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNutritional interventions in healthy individuals may be particularly informative if high, but not excessive, amounts of specific healthy foods are taken to maximize effects without sacrificing safety. We hypothesized that high amounts of polyphenols taken on single days may eliminate senescent blood cells. We conducted a ten-week parallel-group controlled randomized open trial with an escalation of consumption, up to ∼4kg fresh strawberries weekly, plus 200g dried strawberries and 240g capers in olive oil on three single “seno-intervention” days, in 168 healthy elderly people aged 50-80 years. Two primary endpoints, LDL cholesterol and high sensitive CRP, were prespecified. We found a significant decline in LDL cholesterol, and in CRP by ∼50% in all groups with seno-intervention days (limited to participants with increased baseline values). LDL levels were reduced by 0.0174 mmol/L for any single 500g-increment in the weekly fresh strawberry intake of the average participant. Gene expression analyses of whole blood suggested improvement of mitochondrial and immunological function, suppression of inflammation (in high-intervention groups), and positive regulation of apoptotic signaling (in the highest-intervention group). Overall, a medium-term nutritional intervention improved lipid and inflammation status, and provided specific hints for apoptotic/senolytic effects.Key findingsHigh-dose polyphenol-rich nutrition improves LDL and CRP levels in healthy elderlyAt highest dose, gene expression data highlight “positive regulation of apoptotic signaling”A clear dose-response pattern based on an escalating intervention design
Active learning impairments in substance use disorders when resolving the explore-exploit dilemma: A replication and extension of previous computational modeling results
Authors: Taylor Samuel , Lavalley Claire A. , Hakimi Navid , Stewart Jennifer L. , Ironside Maria , Zheng Haixia , White Evan , Guinjoan Salvador , Paulus Martin P. , Smith Ryan 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSubstance use disorders (SUDs) represent a major public health risk. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain these disorders remains incomplete. In a recent computational modeling study, we found initial evidence that SUDs are associated with slower learning rates from negative outcomes and less value-sensitive choice (low “action precision”), which could help explain continued substance use despite harmful consequences.MethodsHere we aimed to replicate and extend these results in a pre-registered study with a new sample of 168 individuals with SUDs and 99 healthy comparisons (HCs). We performed the same computational modeling and group comparisons as in our prior report (doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108208) to confirm previously observed effects. After completing all pre-registered replication analyses, we then combined the previous and current datasets (N = 468) to assess whether differences were transdiagnostic or driven by specific disorders.ResultsReplicating prior results, SUDs showed slower learning rates for negative outcomes in both Bayesian and frequentist analyses (η2=.02). Previously observed differences in action precision were not confirmed. Logistic regressions including all computational parameters as predictors in the combined datasets could differentiate several specific disorders from HCs, but could not differentiate most disorders from each other.ConclusionsThese results provide robust evidence that individuals with SUDs have more difficulty adjusting behavior in the face of negative outcomes than HCs. They also suggest this effect is common across several different SUDs. Future research should examine its neural basis and whether learning rates could represent a new treatment target or moderator of treatment outcome.
Validation of Flavivirus Infectious Clones Carrying Fluorescent Markers for Antiviral Drug Screening and Replication Studies
Authors: Cherkashchenko Liubov , Gros Nathalie , Trausch Alice , Neyret Aymeric , Hénaut Mathilde , Dubois Gregor , Villeneuve Matthieu , Chable-Bessia Christine , Lyonnais Sébastien , Merits Andres , Muriaux Delphine 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTFlaviviruses have emerged as major arthropod-transmitted pathogens and represent an increasing public health problem worldwide. High-throughput screening can be facilitated by the use of viruses that express easily detectable marker proteins. Developing molecular tools such as reporter-carrying versions of flaviviruses for studying viral replication and screening of antiviral compounds therefore represents a top priority. However, the engineering of flaviviruses carrying either fluorescent or luminescent reporters remains challenging due to the genetic instability caused by marker insertion; therefore, new approaches to overcome these limitations are needed. Here, we describe reverse genetic methods which includes design and validation of infectious clones of Zika, Kunjin and Dengue viruses harboring different reporter genes for infection, rescue, imaging and morphology using super-resolution microscopy. It was observed that for different flaviviruses constructs with identical design displayed strikingly different genetic stability while corresponding virions resembled wild-type virus particles in shape and size. A successful strategy was assessed to increase stability of rescued reporter virus and permit antiviral drug screening based on quantitative automated fluorescence microscopy and replication studies.
Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines
Authors: Kumru Ozan S. , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Friedland Natalia , Hickey John , Joshi Richa , Weidenbacher Payton , Do Jonathan , Cheng Ya-Chen , Kim Peter S. , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Volkin David B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of safe and effective second-generation COVID-19 vaccines to improve affordability and storage stability requirements remains a high priority to expand global coverage. In this report, we describe formulation development and comparability studies with a self-assembled SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen (called DCFHP), when produced in two different cell lines and formulated with an aluminum-salt adjuvant (Alhydrogel, AH). Varying levels of phosphate buffer altered the extent and strength of antigen-adjuvant interactions, and these formulations were evaluated for their (1)in vivoperformance in mice and (2)in vitrostability profiles. Unadjuvanted DCFHP produced minimal immune responses while AH-adjuvanted formulations elicited greatly enhanced pseudovirus neutralization titers independent of ∼100%, ∼40% or ∼10% of the DCFHP antigen adsorbed to AH. These formulations differed, however, in theirin vitrostability properties as determined by biophysical studies and a competitive ELISA for measuring ACE2 receptor binding of AH-bound antigen. Interestingly, after one month of 4°C storage, small increases in antigenicity with concomitant decreases in the ability to desorb the antigen from the AH were observed. Finally, we performed a comparability assessment of DCFHP antigen produced in Expi293 and CHO cells, which displayed expected differences in their N-linked oligosaccharide profiles. Despite consisting of different DCFHP glycoforms, these two preparations were highly similar in their key quality attributes including molecular size, structural integrity, conformational stability, binding to ACE2 receptor and mouse immunogenicity profiles. Taken together, these studies support future preclinical and clinical development of an AH-adjuvanted DCFHP vaccine candidate produced in CHO cells.