bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Page curves and entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes
Authors: Guo Chang-Zhong , Gan Wen-Cong , Shu Fu-Wen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It was proposed recently that the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation can be expressed by the semiclassical island formula, which reproduces the unitary Page curve. In this paper, we choose the “in” vacuum state and apply the quantum extremal surface construction to study the Page curve for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes in four dimensions, which is produced by the spherical null shells. Metrics of the three regions of this spacetimes are obtained. In addition, the entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes at very late times are studied. When cutoff surface A is located in Minkowski region III with uA< uH at very late times, we find that the location of the boundary of island ∂I depends on the value of 8M − vA + vI. Specifically, ∂I is inside, at or outside the horizon when 8M − vA + vI is less than, equal to or larger than zero respectively. Moreover, when cutoff surface A is located in Minkowski region III with uA> uH after the black hole evaporates completely, we find that entanglement island still exists and ∂I is located on an equal-time Cauchy surface of the observer A when $$ {r}_{(A)}^2 $$

r

A

2

≥ 64GNκc.
Millicharged relics reveal massless dark photons
Authors: Berlin Asher , Dror Jeff A. , Gan Xucheng , Ruderman Joshua T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The detection of massless kinetically-mixed dark photons is notoriously difficult, as the effect of this mixing can be removed by a field redefinition in vacuum. In this work, we study the prospect of detecting massless dark photons in the presence of a cosmic relic directly charged under this dark electromagnetism. Such millicharged particles, in the form of dark matter or dark radiation, generate an effective dark photon mass that drives photon-to-dark photon oscillations in the early universe. We also study the prospect for such models to alleviate existing cosmological constraints on massive dark photons, enlarging the motivation for direct tests of this parameter space using precision terrestrial probes.
General Position Sets in Two Families of Cartesian Product Graphs
Authors: Korže Danilo , Vesel Aleksander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor a given graph G, the general position problem asks for the largest set of vertices $$S \subseteq V(G)$$

S
⊆
V
(
G
)

, such that no three distinct vertices of S belong to a common shortest path of G. The general position problem for Cartesian products of two cycles as well as for hypercubes is considered. The problem is completely solved for the first family of graphs, while for the hypercubes, some partial results based on reduction to SAT are given.
The whole-cell proteome shows the characteristics of macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis in China linked to the biofilm formation
Authors: Lv Zhe , Yin Sha , Jiang Kaichong , Wang Wei , Luan Yang , Wu Shuang , Shi Jianfei , Li Zhe , Ma Xiao , Wang Zengguo , Yan Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe macrolides-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MR-Bp) isolates in China evolved from the ptxP1/fhaB3 allele and rapidly became predominant, suggestive of an adaptive transmission ability. This was different from the global prevalent ptxP3 strains, in which MR-Bp was rarely reported. The study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism responsible for fitness and resistance in these two strains. We identify proteomic differences between ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics. We then performed in-depth bioinformatic analysis to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by gene ontology (GO), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Further parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis confirmed the expression of four target proteins. Finally, the crystal violet method was used to determine biofilm-forming ability. The results showed that the main significantly different proteins between the two represent isolates were related to biofilm formation. Furthermore, we have confirmed that ptxP1/fhaB3 showed hyperbiofilm formation in comparison with ptxP3/fhaB1. It is suggested that the resistance and adaptability of ptxP1/fhaB3 strains may be related to the formation of biofilm through proteomics. In a word, we determined the significantly different proteins between the ptxP1/fhaB3 and ptxP3/fhaB1 strains through whole-cell proteome, which were related to biofilm formation.
Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Kosmala Aleksander , Serfling Sebastian E. , Michalski Kerstin , Lindner Thomas , Schirbel Andreas , Higuchi Takahiro , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Derlin Thorsten , Buck Andreas K. , Weich Alexander , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to assess prevalence, distribution, and intensity of in-vivo arterial wall fibroblast activation protein (FAP) uptake, and its association with calcified plaque burden, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and FAP-avid tumor burden.

Methods
We analyzed 69 oncologic patients who underwent [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Arterial wall FAP inhibitor (FAPI) uptake in major vessel segments was evaluated. We then investigated the associations of arterial wall uptake with calcified plaque burden (including number of plaques, plaque thickness, and calcification circumference), CVRFs, FAP-positive total tumor burden, and image noise (coefficient of variation, from normal liver parenchyma).

Results
High focal arterial FAPI uptake (FAPI +) was recorded in 64/69 (92.8%) scans in 800 sites, of which 377 (47.1%) exhibited concordant vessel wall calcification. The number of FAPI + sites per patient and (FAPI +)-derived target-to-background ratio (TBR) correlated significantly with the number of calcified plaques (FAPI + number: r = 0.45, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.26, P = 0.04), calcified plaque thickness (FAPI + number: r = 0.33, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.29, P = 0.02), and calcification circumference (FAPI + number: r = 0.34, P < 0.01; TBR: r =  − 0.26, P = 0.04). In univariate analysis, only body mass index was significantly associated with the number of FAPI + sites (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 − 1.12, P < 0.01). The numbers of FAPI + sites and FAPI + TBR, however, were not associated with other investigated CVRFs in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Image noise, however, showed significant correlations with FAPI + TBR (r = 0.30) and the number of FAPI + sites (r = 0.28; P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, there was no significant interaction between FAP-positive tumor burden and arterial wall FAPI uptake (P ≥ 0.13).

Conclusion
[68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET identifies arterial wall lesions and is linked to marked calcification and overall calcified plaque burden, but is not consistently associated with cardiovascular risk. Apparent wall uptake may be partially explained by image noise.
The Application of Mixed Reality to Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tao Lin , Feng Zhenchu , Qi Yuan , Shao Nan , Wang Xi , Ma Fei , Wang Chao , Qiu Zhaowen , Liang Wenlong , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the value of mixed reality (MR) in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer.MethodsA total of 300 patients with breast cancer who underwent SLNB enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, only dye (an injection of methylene blue) was used to detect sentinel lymph nodes, while in group B MR was used for positioning in addition to dye. (MR localization method: Before the surgery, we built a 1:1 3D reconstruction model based on the patient's CT or MRI original data, and after the patient was injected with dye, we completed MR localization by overlapping the pre‐marked image with the model.)ResultsDuring surgery, the detection time in group B was significantly shorter than in group A (3.62 ± 1.20 vs.7.87 ± 1.86; p < 0.001). At 1‐month post‐surgery follow‐up, the incidence of pain in group B was lower than that in group A (2.70 vs. 8.28%, p = 0.036). The incidence of upper limb dysfunction was lower in group B than in group A (2.03 vs. 8.97%, p = 0.009). In terms of the incidence of pain, group B was better than group A (0.68 vs. 3.45%, p = 0.094). The satisfaction of the two groups was scored, and the results showed that group B was better than group A (4.04 ± 0.91 vs.3.32 ± 0.94, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe application of MR to SLNB in breast cancer can significantly reduce the detection time and the occurrence of complications and improve patient satisfaction.
Two types of Tibetan Plateau vortex genesis in June and the associated mechanisms
Authors: Tang Yiqiong , Wu Guoxiong , He Bian , Liu Yimin , Mao Jiangyu , Ma Tingting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) is a key system triggering rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the boreal summer. The TPV genesis mechanisms are complicated and its classification is a great challenge. This study attempts to elucidate these aspects. By introducing the standardized index of 24-h increment of equivalent potential temperature $$\Delta_{24h} \theta_{{\text{e}}}$$

Δ

24
h

θ
e

at 500 hPa, all the TPV cases generated in June between 1980 and 2016 are classified as either positive or negative. Composite analysis is subsequently applied to the extremes of these two types, i.e., the first and last fifth-percentile cases with extremely negative and positive standardized $$\Delta_{24h} \theta_{{\text{e}}}$$

Δ

24
h

θ
e

, respectively. Results indicate that 70% of them occur in relatively warmer and wetter environments, with diabatic heating dominating the positive type and the dynamic effect of large-scale circulation dominating the negative type. For the extremely positive cluster, the geopotential-height increment over the TP exhibits a negative/west–positive/east dipole, which enhances the southerly flow over the western TP, while forming surface water–vapor convergence. Consequently, strong condensation heating occurs near the sub-cloud level, resulting in the development of potential vorticity below and eventually TPV genesis. For the negative cluster, local shear lines at 500 hPa and upstream troughs at 250 hPa occur at the TPV genesis location. In conjunction with anomalous westerlies, positive potential vorticity is generated in situ due to zonal advection. The retardation caused by the Kunlun Mountains on the impinging westerly flow associated with side-boundary friction also contributes to TPV genesis southeast of the mountains.
Associations of technostressors at work with burnout symptoms and chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis in hospital employees
Authors: Kaltenegger Helena C. , Becker Linda , Rohleder Nicolas , Nowak Dennis , Quartucci Caroline , Weigl Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Despite the increasing scholarly interest in the phenomenon technostress, associated biological effects on employee health are under-researched. Chronic low-grade inflammation is suggested as a central pathway linking stress experience to disease development. The aim of this study was to assess associations of technology-related work stressors (technostressors) with low-grade inflammation and burnout symptoms.

Methods
N = 173 (74.6% women, Mage = 31.0 years) university hospital employees participated in a cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires were used for the assessment of general psychosocial working conditions (work overload, job control, social climate), a range of different technostressors, burnout symptoms, and relevant confounders. Participants provided capillary blood samples, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker was analyzed from dried blood spots.

Results
Based on a factor analysis, we identified four underlying dimensions of technostressors: techno- and information overload, techno-complexity, interruptions and multitasking as well as usability and technical support. In multivariate linear regressions, techno-/information overload and techno-complexity were associated with core (exhaustion, mental distance) and secondary (psychosomatic complaints) symptoms of burnout. Techno-/information overload was a significant predictor of burnout core symptoms, even when general work overload was controlled for. The technostressors were not associated with hs-CRP.

Conclusion
This is the first study on technology-related stress at work and chronic low-grade inflammation. The results suggest that (information) overload caused by digital technology use is a distinct work stressor with genuine consequences for psychological health. To what extent these effects also manifest on a physiological level needs to be subjected to future studies, ideally with prospective designs.
Impact of premature birth on cardiopulmonary function in later life
Authors: Weigelt Annika , Bleck Steffen , Huebner Matthias Jens , Rottermann Kathrin , Waellisch Wolfgang , Morhart Patrick , Abu-Tair Tariq , Dittrich Sven , Schoeffl Isabelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary function is reduced in children after preterm birth. The variety of subgroups ranges from early to late preterm births. Limitations in pulmonary function can be observed even after late preterm birth without signs of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or history of mechanical ventilation. Whether this reduction in lung function is reflected in the cardiopulmonary capacity of these children is unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of moderate to late premature birth on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill was performed by 33 former preterm infants between 8 and 10 years of age who were born between 32 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation and compared with a control group of 19 children born in term of comparable age and sex. The former preterm children achieved comparable results to the term-born controls with respect to most of the cardiopulmonary exercise parameters $$(\dot{V}O_2peak 43.9\pm6.6\frac{\frac{ml}{kg}}{min}\min vs.41.9\pm8.8\frac{ml}{kg}/\min)$$

(

V
˙

O
2

p
e
a
k
43.9
±
6.6

ml

kg

min

min
v
s
.
41.9
±
8.8

ml

kg

/
min
)

. The only differences were in a slightly higher oxygen uptake efficiency slope $$(OUES\;of\;1.6\;\pm0.4\;vs\;1.4\;\pm\;0.4)$$

(
O
U
E
S

o
f

1.6

±
0.4

v
s

1.4

±

0.4
)

and higher peak minute ventilation $$\dot VEpeak\;of\;55.2\pm 11.3 ml/min\;vs.\;49.1\;ml\;\pm\;8.8/min)$$

V
˙

E
p
e
a
k

o
f

55.2
±
11.3
m
l
/
m
i
n

v
s
.

49.1

m
l

±

8.8
/
m
i
n
)

in the group of children born preterm. With respect to heart rate recovery $$(-35.3\;\pm\;13.8\;bpm\;vs.\;-37.2\;bpm\;\pm\;14.0\;after\;1\;min)$$

(
-
35.3

±

13.8

b
p
m

v
s
.

-
37.2

b
p
m

±

14.0

a
f
t
e
r

1

m
i
n
)

and breathing efficiency $$\dot{(V}E/\dot VCO_2\;of\;35.9\;\pm\;4.1\;vs\;34.0\;\pm4.6)$$

(
V

˙

E
/

V
˙

C

O
2

o
f

35.9

±

4.1

v
s

34.0

±
4.6
)

, there were no significant differences.Conclusion: Children born preterm did not show limitations in cardiopulmonary function in comparison with matched controls.

What is Known:• Preterm birth is associated with reduced pulmonary function in later life, this is also true for former late preterms.• As a consequence of being born premature, the lungs have not finished their important embryological development. Cardiopulmonary fitness is an important parameter for overall mortality and morbidity in children and adults and a good pulmonary function is therefore paramount.

What is New:• Children born prematurely were comparable to an age- and sex-matched control group with regards to almost all cardiopulmonary exercise variables.• A significantly higher OUES, a surrogate parameter for VO2peak was found for the group of former preterm children, most likely reflecting on more physical exercise in this group. Importantly, there were no signs of impaired cardiopulmonary function in the group of former preterm children.
Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein as a non-invasive biomarker for pediatric acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Pérez Riveros Blanca Paola , Bueso Asfura Oscar Emilio , Rico Jiménez María , López-Andrés Natalia , Martín-Calvo Nerea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein (LRG1) in pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA). We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the main databases of medical bibliography. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted relevant data. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS2 index. A synthesis of the results, standardization of the metrics and 4 random-effect meta-analyses were performed. Eight studies with data from 712 participants (305 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PAA and 407 controls) were included in this review. The random-effect meta-analysis of serum LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 46.76 μg/mL (29.26–64.26). The random-effect meta-analysis for unadjusted urinary LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.61 μg/mL (0.30–0.93). The random-effect meta-analysis (PAA vs control) for urinary LRG1 adjusted for urinary creatinine resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.89 g/mol (0.11–1.66). Conlusion: Urinary LRG1 emerges as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of PAA. On the other hand, due to the high between-study heterogeneity, the results on serum LRG1 should be interpreted with caution. The only study that analyzed salivary LRG1 showed promising results. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

What is Known:• Pediatric acute appendicitis continues to be a pathology with a high rate of diagnostic error.• Invasive tests, although useful, are a source of stress for patients and their parents.

What is New:• LRG1 emerges as a promising urinary and salivary biomarker for the noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis.
Deficiency of the mitochondrial ribosomal subunit, MRPL50, causes autosomal recessive syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Hock Daniella H. , Siddall Nicole A. , Kline Brianna L. , Sreenivasan Rajini , Bell Katrina M. , Casagranda Franca , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Narayanan Niya , Naik Dukhabandhu , Suryadevara Varun , Compton Alison G. , Amarasekera Sumudu S. C. , Kapoor Ridam , Jaillard Sylvie , Simpson Andrea , Robevska Gorjana , van den Bergen Jocelyn , Pachernegg Svenja , Ayers Katie L. , Thorburn David R. , Stroud David A. , Hime Gary R. , Sinclair Andrew H. , Tucker Elena J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause of infertility in women, characterised by amenorrhea and elevated FSH under the age of 40 years. In some cases, POI is syndromic in association with other features such as sensorineural hearing loss in Perrault syndrome. POI is a heterogeneous disease with over 80 causative genes known so far; however, these explain only a minority of cases. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a MRPL50 homozygous missense variant (c.335T > A; p.Val112Asp) shared by twin sisters presenting with POI, bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, kidney and heart dysfunction. MRPL50 encodes a component of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. Using quantitative proteomics and western blot analysis on patient fibroblasts, we demonstrated a loss of MRPL50 protein and an associated destabilisation of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome whilst the small subunit was preserved. The mitochondrial ribosome is responsible for the translation of subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery, and we found patient fibroblasts have a mild but significant decrease in the abundance of mitochondrial complex I. These data support a biochemical phenotype associated with MRPL50 variants. We validated the association of MRPL50 with the clinical phenotype by knockdown/knockout of mRpL50 in Drosophila, which resulted abnormal ovarian development. In conclusion, we have shown that a MRPL50 missense variant destabilises the mitochondrial ribosome, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and syndromic POI, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial support in ovarian development and function.
Egg components and offspring survival vary with group size and laying order in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Fortuna Rita , Paquet Matthieu , Biard Clotilde , Élard Loïc , Ferreira André C. , Leroux-Coyaux Mathieu , Parenteau Charline , Silva Liliana R. , Théron Franck , Covas Rita , Doutrelant Claire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrenatal resource allocation to offspring can be influenced by maternal environment and offspring value, and affect offspring survival. An important pathway for flexible maternal allocation is via egg components such as nutrients and hormones. In cooperative breeders, females with helpers may increase resource allocation to eggs—‘differential allocation’—or reduce it—‘load-lightening’. Yet, helper effects on egg composition have been poorly studied. Moreover, it is unknown how helpers’ presence modulates laying order effects on egg content and survival. Here, we investigated how maternal allocation varied with group size and laying order in the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver (Philetairus socius). We estimated interactive effects of helpers and laying order on allocation to egg mass, yolk nutrients—yolk mass, proteins, lipids, carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin E—and hormones—testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone. Results concurred with the ‘differential allocation’ predictions. Females with more helpers produced later-laid eggs with heavier yolks and more lipids, and laid eggs overall richer in lipids. Proteins, antioxidants, and hormones were not found to vary with helper number. We then analyzed how helper number modulated laying order effects on survival. Females with more helpers did not specifically produce later-laid eggs with higher survival, but eggs laid by females with more helpers were overall more likely to fledge. These findings show that some egg components (yolk mass, lipids) can positively vary according to females’ breeding group size, which may improve offspring fitness.