bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing ecosystem gaseous elemental mercury fluxes over a deciduous and coniferous forest
Authors: Zhou Jun , Bollen Silas W. , Roy Eric M. , Hollinger David Y. , Wang Ting , Lee John T. , Obrist Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSources of neurotoxic mercury in forests are dominated by atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) deposition, but a dearth of direct GEM exchange measurements causes major uncertainties about processes that determine GEM sinks. Here we present three years of forest-level GEM deposition measurements in a coniferous forest and a deciduous forest in northeastern USA, along with flux partitioning into canopy and forest floor contributions. Annual GEM deposition is 13.4 ± 0.80 μg m−2 (coniferous forest) and 25.1 ± 2.4 μg m−2 (deciduous forest) dominating mercury inputs (62 and 76% of total deposition). GEM uptake dominates in daytime during active vegetation periods and correlates with CO2 assimilation, attributable to plant stomatal uptake of mercury. Non-stomatal GEM deposition occurs in the coniferous canopy during nights and to the forest floor in the deciduous forest and accounts for 24 and 39% of GEM deposition, respectively. Our study shows that GEM deposition includes various pathways and is highly ecosystem-specific, which complicates global constraints of terrestrial GEM sinks.
Detecting recurrent passenger mutations in melanoma by targeted UV damage sequencing
Authors: Selvam Kathiresan , Sivapragasam Smitha , Poon Gregory M. K. , Wyrick John J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSequencing of melanomas has identified hundreds of recurrent mutations in both coding and non-coding DNA. These include a number of well-characterized oncogenic driver mutations, such as coding mutations in the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, and non-coding mutations in the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). However, the molecular etiology and significance of most of these mutations is unknown. Here, we use a new method known as CPD-capture-seq to map UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) with high sequencing depth and single nucleotide resolution at sites of recurrent mutations in melanoma. Our data reveal that many previously identified drivers and other recurrent mutations in melanoma occur at CPD hotspots in UV-irradiated melanocytes, often associated with an overlapping binding site of an E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor. In contrast, recurrent mutations in the promoters of a number of known or suspected cancer genes are not associated with elevated CPD levels. Our data indicate that a subset of recurrent protein-coding mutations are also likely caused by ETS-induced CPD hotspots. This analysis indicates that ETS proteins profoundly shape the mutation landscape of melanoma and reveals a method for distinguishing potential driver mutations from passenger mutations whose recurrence is due to elevated UV damage.
Base-resolution UV footprinting by sequencing reveals distinctive damage signatures for DNA-binding proteins
Authors: Elliott Kerryn , Singh Vinod Kumar , Boström Martin , Larsson Erik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDecades ago, it was shown that proteins binding to DNA can quantitatively alter the formation of DNA damage by UV light. This established the principle of UV footprinting for non-intrusive study of protein-DNA contacts in living cells, albeit at limited scale and precision. Here, we perform deep base-resolution quantification of the principal UV damage lesion, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), at select human promoter regions using targeted CPD sequencing. Several transcription factors exhibited distinctive and repeatable damage signatures indicative of site occupancy, involving strong (up to 17-fold) position-specific elevations and reductions in CPD formation frequency relative to naked DNA. Positive damage modulation at some ETS transcription factor binding sites coincided at base level with melanoma somatic mutation hotspots. Our work provides proof of concept for the study of protein-DNA interactions at individual loci using light and sequencing, and reveals widespread and potent modulation of UV damage in regulatory regions.
Quench dynamics of Fano-like resonances in the presence of the on-dot superconducting pairing
Authors: Barański Jan , Barańska Magdalena , Zienkiewicz Tomasz , Kapcia Konrad Jerzy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe explore the electron dynamics of a system composed of double quantum dot embedded between metallic and superconducting leads in a “T-shape” geometry. In nanoscopic systems, where electron transfer between electrodes can be realized via different paths, interference effects play an important role. For double quantum dot system in the chosen geometry, interference of electrons transferred between electrodes via the interfacial quantum dot and electrons scattered on the side dot gives rise to Fano-like interference. If such a system is additionally coupled to a superconducting electrode, together with the well-understood Fano resonance an additional resonance appears on the opposite side of the Fermi level. In the recent work (Barański et al. in Sci Rep 10:2881, 2020), we showed that this resonance occurs solely as a result of the local pairing of non-scattered electrons with scattered ones. In this work, considering the quench dynamics, we explore how much time is required for formation of each of these resonances. In particular, (i) we analyze the charge oscillations between subsystems; (ii) we estimate the time required for each resonance to achieve stable equilibrium upon an abrupt change of interdot connection; (iii) we discuss a typical energy and time scales for experiments on similar architectures.
Fe3O4@SiO2@KIT-6@2-ATP@CuI as a catalyst for hydration of benzonitriles and reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Moradi Zahra , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new type of magnetic mesoporous material (Fe3O4@SiO2@KIT-6@2-ATP@CuI) was designed and synthesized and its application in the synthesis of amides and anilines was investigated. The structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@KIT-6@2-ATP@CuI was characterized and identified using FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, BET, VSM, and ICP techniques. An external magnet can easily remove the synthesized catalyst from the reaction medium, and be reused in several consequence runs.
3D melanoma spheroid model for the development of positronium biomarkers
Authors: Karimi Hanieh , Moskal Paweł , Żak Agata , Stępień Ewa Ł. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt was recently demonstrated that newly invented positronium imaging may be used for improving cancer diagnostics by providing additional information about tissue pathology with respect to the standardized uptake value currently available in positron emission tomography (PET). Positronium imaging utilizes the properties of positronium atoms, which are built from the electrons and positrons produced in the body during PET examinations. We hypothesized that positronium imaging would be sensitive to the in vitro discrimination of tumor-like three-dimensional structures (spheroids) built of melanoma cell lines with different cancer activities and biological properties. The lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) was evaluated in melanoma spheroids from two cell lines (WM266-4 and WM115) differing in the stage of malignancy. Additionally, we considered parameters such as the cell number, spheroid size and melanoma malignancy to evaluate their relationship with the o-Ps lifetime. We demonstrate pilot results for o-Ps lifetime measurement in extracellular matrix-free spheroids. With the statistical significance of two standard deviations, we demonstrated that the higher the degree of malignancy and the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells, the shorter the lifetime of ortho-positronium. In particular, we observed the following indications encouraging further research: (i) WM266-4 spheroids characterized by a higher proliferation rate and malignancy showed a shorter o-Ps lifetime than WM115 spheroids characterized by a lower growth rate. (ii) Both cell lines showed a decrease in the lifetime of o-Ps after spheroid generation on day 8 compared to day 4 in culture, and the mean o-Ps lifetime was longer for spheroids formed from WM115 cells than for those formed from WM266-4 cells, regardless of spheroid age. The results of this study revealed that positronium is a promising biomarker that may be applied in PET diagnostics for the assessment of the degree of cancer malignancy.
Development and modeling of a novel type of photoreactors with exterior ultraviolet (UV) reflector for water treatment applications
Authors: Hassanpour Amirhossein , Jalali Alireza , Raisee Mehrdad , Naghavi Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) water disinfection method has emerged as an alternative to chemical methods of disinfection. In typical UV photoreactors for water treatment, water flows in the space between the lamp’s sleeve and outer shell. The contact of water and sleeve causes fouling, which reduces the effectiveness of UV. To clean the photoreactor, the quartz sleeve must be replaced; this may lead to quartz or lamp breakage and mercury leakage into water during cleaning. In this study, a novel type of multi-lamp UV photoreactors is proposed, in which the UV lamps are placed out of the water channel and their UV irradiation is redirected into the channel using an outer cylindrical reflector. This allows for the installment of a self-cleaning mechanism for the water channel. A well-validated three-dimensional CFD model is utilized to model the performance of this photoreactor for microbial inactivation. The impacts of several geometrical and optical parameters are investigated on the inactivation of microorganisms. The results revealed that the difference in log reduction values (LRV) between fully specular and fully diffuse reflector ranges from 10 to 47% as the lamp-to-channel distance increases. For the volumetric flow rate of 25 GPM, the LRV of a photoreactor with fully diffuse reflector can be 46% higher than a fully specular one. In addition, the performance of the proposed photoreactor is compared against a classic L-shaped annular photoreactor. The results show that the new design can provide equal or better microbial performance compared to the classic photoreactor, but it removes many of their common issues such as quartz fouling, lamp overheating at low flow rates, and sleeve breakage during lamp replacement.
Tuning the acidity of halloysite by polyionic liquid to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Yaghoubi Soheila , Zhong Xuemin , Yuan Peng , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn an attempt to prepare a low-cost and efficient acidic heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under mild reaction conditions, the acidity of halloysite was improved by covalent grafting of an acidic polyionic liquid. More precisely, halloysite was first vinyl functionalized and then polymerized with vinyl imidazole and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. The tangling imidazole rings were further converted to acidic ionic liquids by treating them with chlorosulfuric acid. UV–Vis spectroscopy and Hammett equation confirmed that conjugation of acid polyionic liquid resulted in the increase of the acidity of halloysite. Investigation of the efficiency of the catalyst for the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and optimization of reaction variables showed that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was yielded in 97.8% after 30 min under the optimum conditions, i.e. catalyst loading of 20 wt% at 70 °C. Notably, the catalyst was highly reusable and it could be reused for at least seven reaction runs with insignificant loss of its activity. Furthermore, this catalyst could also promote the conversion of sucrose and maltose to give moderate yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Immunhämatologische Untersuchungen und
Blutkomponenten-Auswahl bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen
Authors: Flommersfeld Sabine , Wienzek-Lischka Sandra , Cooper Nina , Maier Rolf F. , Sachs Ulrich J. , Bein Gregor 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit diskutieren wir, wie iatrogene
Blutverluste durch immunhämatologische Untersuchungen bei Früh-
und Reifgeborenen minimiert werden können. Die Hauptursache für
die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) sind dabei iatrogene
Blutverluste durch diagnostische Blutentnahmen. In einer Beobachtungsstudie
betrug der iatrogene Blutverlust bei Frühgeborenen in den ersten 28
Lebenstagen im Median 24,2 mL/kg im Vergleich zum
transfundierten EK-Volumen von 30 mL/kg im selben Zeitraum 1. Die Reduktion von diagnostischen
Blutentnahmen stellt somit eine effiziente Maßnahme zur Reduzierung von
EK-Transfusionen bei Frühgeborenen dar. Rationale und bedarfsadaptierte
immunhämatologische Untersuchungen können den Blutverlust
reduzieren, Transfusionen vermeiden und die entstehenden Kosten senken. Ferner
stellen wir dar, wie durch differenzierte Auswahl von Blutkomponenten das
Auftreten unerwünschter Ereignisse bei der Transfusion von Neugeborenen
verhindert werden kann und regen an, restriktivere Indikationsstellungen zur
Transfusion insbesondere in der Frühgeborenenmedizin zu diskutieren.
Neue Entwicklungen in der Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Hintze Sophie Charlotte , Terkamp Christoph 
Published: May 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie rasante Entwicklung der Diabetesforschung hat viele neue Medikamente und Therapiestrategien auf den Weg gebracht, die das Potenzial haben, auch unabhängig von einer Diabeteserkrankung wirksam zu sein. So gibt es neue Erkenntnisse zu SGLT-2-Inhibitoren bei Herz- und chronischer Niereninsuffizienz. Auch die Weiterentwicklung inkretinbasierter Medikamente und duale GIP/GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten sind vielversprechend.
Monocyte Tissue Factor Expression: Lipopolysaccharide Induction and Roles in Pathological Activation of Coagulation
Authors: Sachetto Ana T. A. , Mackman Nigel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe coagulation system is a part of the mammalian host defense system. Pathogens and pathogen components, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce tissue factor (TF) expression in circulating monocytes that then activates the coagulation protease cascade. Formation of a clot limits dissemination of pathogens, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and facilitates killing of pathogens. However, excessive activation of coagulation can lead to thrombosis. Here, we review studies on the mechanism of LPS induction of TF expression in monocytes and its contribution to thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Binding of LPS to Toll-like receptor 4 on monocytes induces a transient expression of TF that involves activation of intracellular signaling pathways and binding of various transcription factors, such as c-rel/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun, to the TF promoter. Inhibition of TF in endotoxemia and sepsis models reduces activation of coagulation and improves survival. Studies with endotoxemic mice showed that hematopoietic cells and myeloid cells play major roles in the activation of coagulation. Monocyte TF expression is also increased after surgery. Activated monocytes release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) and levels of circulating TF-positive EVs are increased in endotoxemic mice and in patients with sepsis. More recently, it was shown that inflammasomes contribute to the induction of TF expression and activation of coagulation in endotoxemic mice. Taken together, these studies indicate that monocyte TF plays a major role in activation of coagulation. Selective inhibition of monocyte TF expression may reduce pathologic activation of coagulation in sepsis and other diseases without affecting hemostasis.
Effect of Mn doping on the electronic and optical properties of Dy2Ti2O7: a combined spectroscopic and theoretical study
Authors: Upadhyay Rajnikant , Shukla Manjari , Pandey Rajan K , Upadhyay Chandan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electronic and optical studies on Dy2Ti2−Mn
x
O7 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, & 0.20) have been presented through both, theoretical (density functional theory (DFT) calculations) and experimental (ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy) approaches. DFT calculations were employed considering the local density approximation (LDA) and LDA-1/2 for exchange-correlation interactions. Computed crystallographic parameters and energy band-gap using theoretical formulations are in good agreement with experimental results. The band-gap value obtained through the LDA-1/2 approach indicates insulated ground state of Dy2Ti2−x
Mn
x
O7 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) system. Experimentally obtained band gap value reduces from 3.82 eV to 2.45 eV with increase in positive chemical pressure as x increases from 0 to 0.20. Reduction in band gap value is attributed to the fact that there exists a lack of hybridization between the O-2p orbital and Ti-3d orbital, which is well correlated with the crystallographic data. Jahn-Teller effect is likely to be responsible for the presence of a mixed state of Mn (explained using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results), resulting in the intermediate Mn state between the valence band and the conduction band with immediate inclusion of Mn at Ti site in Dy2Ti2−x
Mn
x
O7 system.
Elements of H-mode pedestal structure
Authors: Groebner R J , Saarelma S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews current understanding of key physics elements that control the H-mode pedestal structure, which exists at the boundary of magnetically confined plasmas. The structure of interest is the width, height and gradient of temperature, density and pressure profiles in the pedestal. Emphasis is placed on understanding obtained from combined experimental, theoretical and simulation work and on results observed on multiple machines. Pedestal profiles are determined by the self-consistent interaction of sources, transport and magnetohydrodynamic limits. The heat source is primarily from heat deposited in the core and flowing to the pedestal. This source is computed from modeling of experimental data and is generally well understood. Neutrals at the periphery of the plasma provide the dominant particle source in current machines. This source has a complex spatial structure, is very difficult to measure and is poorly understood. For typical H-mode operation, the achievable pedestal pressure is limited by repetitive, transient magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. First principles models of peeling–ballooning modes are generally able to explain the observed limits. In some regimes, instability occurs below the predicted limits and these remain unexplained. Several mechanisms have been identified as plausible sources of heat transport. These include neoclassical processes for ion heat transport and several turbulent processes, driven by the steep pedestal gradients, as sources of electron and ion heat transport. Reduced models have successfully predicted the pedestal or density at the pedestal top. Firming up understanding of heat and particle transport remains a primary challenge for developing more complete predictive pedestal models.
Study on the influence of composition parameters of magnetorheological fluid on its vibration transmission characteristics
Authors: Sun Zebang , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Dong Liqiang , Cao Zilu , Qi Jinming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As an intelligent material, magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used in various applications, such as vibration dampers and automotive engine mounts. In order to study the influence of MRF composition parameters on vibration transfer characteristics, this paper proposes an MRF vibration transmission equivalent model based on the analysis of the interaction between carbonyl iron particles and carrier liquid, calculates the vibration transfer power flow level difference (PLD) of MRF with different composition parameters, and performs experimental verification. The results show that when only the particle diameter changes, the PLD peak increases with increasing particle diameter, and the PLD peak frequency shifts to lower frequencies. When the particle volume fraction gradually increases, and the remaining parameters are kept constant, the PLD peak increases first and then decreases, and the peak frequency shifts to high frequencies. When changing only the carrier liquid viscosity, the PLD peak decreases as the viscosity increases, while the peak frequency is shifted toward the high frequency. The MRF has a maximum frequency shift of 61.6 Hz when the particle diameter, particle volume fraction, and carrier liquid viscosity are 8 μm, 20% and 0.3 Pa·s, respectively. It is shown that adjusting the composition parameters can change the PLD and vibration suppression band of MRF, and using this feature can help improve the broadband vibration suppression performance of MR devices and the vibration suppression efficiency under specific working conditions, further expanding the application of MRF in the field of vibration control.
Geometric structures of Morris-Thorne wormhole metric in f(, ℒ
m
) gravity and energy conditions
Authors: Venkatesha V , Kavya N S , Sahoo P K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this manuscript is to study the traversable wormhole (WH) geometries in the curvature matter coupling gravity. We investigate static spherically symmetric Morris-Thorne WHs within the context of

f
(

,

L

m

)

gravity. To accomplish this, we examine the WH model in four different cases (i) linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model,

f
(

,

L

m

)
=
α

+
β

L

m

with anisotropic matter distribution having the relation p

r
= mp

t
(ii) linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model having anisotropic matter distribution along with the equation of state parameter, p

r
= ω
ρ, (iii) non-linear model

f
(

,

L

m

)
=

1

2


+

L

m

η

with specific form of energy density and (iv) non-linear

f
(

,

L

m

)

model,

f
(

,

L

m

)
=

1

2


+
(
1
+
ξ

)

L

m

with isotropic matter distribution and having the linear relation between pressure and energy density, p = ω
ρ. Additionally, in the latter case, we consider a specific power-law shape function

b
(
r
)
=

r

0

r

0

r

n

. Furthermore, we analyze the energy conditions for each WH model to verify their physical viability. As a novel outcome, we can see the validation of the null energy condition for the

f
(

,

L

m

)

model that suggests ruling out the necessity of exotic matter for the traversability of the WH. At last, an embedding diagram for each model is illustrated that describes the WH geometry.
Realizations of 𝐴₁⁽¹⁾-modules in category ̃𝒪
Authors: Chen Fulin , Gao Yun , Tan Shaobin 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we give an explicit realization of all irreducible modules in Chari’s category

O

~

\widetilde {\mathcal O}

for the affine Kac-Moody algebra

A

1

(
1
)

A_{1}^{(1)}

by using the idea of free fields. We work on a much more general setting which also gives us explicit realizations of all simple weight modules for certain current algebra of

s
l

2

(

C

)

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})

with finite weight multiplicities, including the polynomial current algebra

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t]

, the loop algebra

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
,

t

−
1

]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t,t^{-1}]

and the three-point Lie algebra

s
l

2

(

C

)
⊗

C

[
t
,

t

−
1

,
(
t
−
1

)

−
1

]

\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})\otimes \mathbb {C}[t,t^{-1},(t-1)^{-1}]

arisen in the work by Kazhdan-Lusztig.