bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Contrast Sensitivity among Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type II
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Prasai Gunjan , Shrestha Reshma , Malla Om Krishna 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Eye being one of the target organs of diabetes mellitus has many pathological consequences, one possibly being contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity is required for daily activities like in situations of low light, fog or driving at night. The study was conducted to find out contrast sensitivity among diabetic
Methodology: A hospital based descriptive cross- sectional study of contrast sensitivity was conducted among type II diabetics with or without retinopathy at Kathmandu Medical College from April to December 2018. Patient demographics and comprehensive clinical examinations findings were recorded in a specially designed proforma. Convenience sampling was done and informed consent was taken.
Leas symbol low contrast test 10M was used for contrast sensitivity testing. The contrast levels of the test lines on the five pages are 25%, 10%, 5%. 2.5%and 1.2%. Data was analyzed in excel and SPSS (version21). Results were expressed in frequency, percentage and mean as required. Association of contrast sensitivity with age, gender, duration of diabetes, blood sugar level and diabetic retinopathy was tested using chi square test.
Results: Among the 45 study population, female to male ratio was 1:2. Age ranged from 25 to 76 years with maximum patients in the age group 51-60 years. Blood sugar was controlled in 33.33%. Contrast sensitivity was decreased in 40%. Among the patients with decreased contrast sensitivity, blood sugar was uncontrolled in 66.67%. Similarly, 72.2% of participants with decreased contrast sensitivity had no diabetic retinopathy. The association of contrast sensitivity with age of the patient, gender, duration of diabetes mellitus, blood sugar level and diabetic retinopathy was not statistically significant with p values 0.34, 0.52, 0.07, 1 and 0.89 respectively.
Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity can be decreased among patients with type II diabetes mellitus irrespective of gender, age of the patient, duration of diabetes, control of blood sugar and presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy.
Practice of COVID-19 Preventive Measures and its Associated Factors among the Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Anjali , Bhattarai Karuna , Karki Sulata , KC Heera , Parajuli Surya Bahadur 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease with serious public health consequences. Appropriate practice of preventive measures and adherence to it play an essential role in reducing infection rates and controlling the spread of the disease.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the practices of COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among the undergraduate medical students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 July 2021 to 25 December 2021 among the medical students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal. The complete enumeration of 146 medical students were carried out. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire using Google forms was used for data collection. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean score for practices of preventive measures towards COVID-19 was 16.58±2.73. More than half of the participants (54.1%) adopted good practices. The most frequently performed practice was wearing face masks when going outside the home (98.6%), followed by hand washing using soap and water for at least 20 seconds regularly (96.6%) and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing with a tissue paper/a disposable handkerchief (96.6%). Moreover, most of the participants used alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water were not available (95.2%), stayed at home when they felt flu-like symptoms (95.2%), visited the nearest health facility when getting sick (95.2%), and avoided close contact with sick individuals with flu-like symptoms (93.2%). Age, gender, ethnicity, religion, marital status, academic year, average monthly family income, any health insurance and vaccination status were not significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures.
Conclusion: More than half of the participants adopted good practices of preventive measures towards COVID-19. Lower practice scores among medical students is the matter of concern.
Socio economic challenges and coping strategies against COVID-19 among dentists of Nepal
Authors: Agrawal Sagtani Reshu , Adhikari Pravindra , Dixit Siddharth , Basnet Dixit Punam , Sagtani Alok 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 has posed various challenges to health care professionals including dentists. We aimed to study financial impact, socio- economic challenges, coping strategies and areas where dentists of Nepal require support during the current pandemic.
Method: A descriptive study was conducted among registered dentists who were currently involved in clinical practice in Nepal. Data was collected via semi-structured online google form during the period of August – October 2020 through non-probability sampling. The online responses from google forms were transformed to datasheets which were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and summarized using descriptive statistics.
Result: More than a quarter (127, 29.8%) of the dentists were not able to practice dentistry during the pandemic. Among the salaried dentists, 113 (34.2%) of them did not receive any salary and 67 (15.7%) lost their jobs. More than 50% percent of decline in monthly income was experienced by 80 (18.7%). The most common challenge faced by the dentists was reduced income (95.2%) followed by access to PPE and sanitizers (72.9%). Social distancing was the most common (87.2%) coping strategy followed by strict use of PPE (86.9%), acquiring correct information regarding prevention of COVID-19 (76.8%). Provision of PPE was the area where 147 dentists needed the most support (36.4%) followed by cash allowance (31.7%) and rent waiver (28.4%).
Conclusion: The study showed that dentists in Nepal are facing serious financial challenges due to the current pandemic. The current study highlights a need to create a support system for dentists to sustain their clinical practice during the pandemic.
Psychological distress among patients receiving haemodialysis in a teaching hospital
Authors: Maharjan Jyoti 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: A psychological distress is highly prevalent conditions among haemodialysis patients, but is often under diagnosed and untreated. It could have negative impacts on their treatment and prognosis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in the patients receiving haemodialysis in a teaching hospital.
Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study comprised of 59 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) receiving haemodialysis at Patan Hospital. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. After taking informed consent, data was collected using interview technique based on structured questionnaires. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was used to assess the levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in terms of mean, frequency and percentage.
Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 71.18%, 62.71% and 20.33% respectively. Majority (30.51%) of the respondents had moderate depression, 20.34% had mild, 10.17% had severe and extremely severe depression. Similarly, 32.20% had moderate anxiety, 15.25% had mild, 6.78% had severe and 8.47% had extremely severe anxiety. Likewise, 11.86% had mild stress, 6.78% had moderate stress, and 1.69% had severe stress. The mean and standard deviation of DASS scores were 34.51 ± 19.31. The prevalence of psychological distress among respondents was 42.37%.
Conclusions: The results of the study showed that more than two fifth of the respondents had psychological distress. The highest prevalence was depression which was present in more than two third of the respondents.
Prevalence of suicide risk and its associated factors in patients presenting in antenatal clinic
Authors: Shrestha Reena , Sharma Pawan , RC Laxmi , Gurung Padma , Malla Sameer , Lama Sushma , Pradhan Malla Anagha , Ghimire Aastha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Suicide during the antenatal period is one of the major indirect causes of maternal death. This study aims to determine the prevalence of suicidal risk and its related factors among the patients attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care center.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the antenatal clinic Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal among 124 pregnant patients using purposive sampling and face-to-face interviews applying a semi-structured proforma and P4 suicide screener. Ethical approval was obtained. The percentage of patients with suicide risk was calculated and stratified into minimal, lower, and higher risk of suicide. The association between suicide risk and different sociodemographic and clinical variables was done using the Chi-square test. A p-values ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: The prevalence of suicide risk was 32 out of 124 patients (25.8%). When risk stratification was done a maximum of 22(17.7%) had a higher risk for suicide. The risk was associated the employment status (p=0.039), history of previous suicide attempts (p=0.04), and diagnosed mental disorder (p=0.027).
Conclusion: Our study shows the suicide risk among antenatal females was 25.8% reaffirming the need for proper screening and referral.
Groin hit death due to femoral vein rupture in a drug abuser
Authors: Shrestha Kaschev , Poudel Bipin , Ghimire Pradeep , Parajuli Aastha 
Published: March 2023

Recreational drug use has become an imminent social and health problem throughout the world. Intravenous injection for drug misuse has been described in both the upper and lower limbs and is a major cause of millions of deaths each year; deaths are primarily due to fatal overdose and the trauma and infection caused by repeated injections. This paper presents an accidental death due to massive blood loss, which resulted from rupture to the right femoral vessel based on autopsy findings. In case of accidental injuries, a thorough medico-legal process, including death scene investigation, autopsy examination and toxicological analyses, are always necessary to determine the manner of death.
Somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zolotareva A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Numerous studies of the COVID-19 effects on mental health have documented increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms, panic and adjustment disorders, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, somatic and psychological distress, feelings of loneliness, and alcohol use problems [21]. These findings suggest the need for further examination of the COVID-19 effects on mental health and adherence to preventive behavior regarding the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and relationship between somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.Material and Methods. The participants were 1,987 volunteers who were recruited with the help of Anketolog, an empirical data collection company in Russia. All respondents completed a questionnaire with a sociodemographic form and Russian versions of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and COVID-19 Preventive Behavior Index.Results. Results showed that 39.1% of Russians had clinically significant somatic symptoms, 81% of Russians experienced moderate to high perceived stress, and from 46.5% to 84.4% of Russians were willing to follow some form of COVID-19 pandemic preventive behavior. Russians with somatic symptoms experienced more perceived stress than Russians without somatic symptoms, while Russians with higher perceived stress did not differ from Russians with lower perceived stress in frequency and severity of somatic symptoms.Conclusion. Preventive and psychoeducational interventions can be useful in reducing somatization and perceived stress, maintaining and increasing the adherence of Russians to preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
PERAN KOPERASI PADA PROGRAM KEMITRAAN INTI PLASMA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENINGKATKANTARAF HIDUP MASYARAKAT
Authors: Topan Muhammad , Ifrani Ifrani 
Published: March 2023

Program kemitraan inti plasma tersebut dalam pelaksanaannya menyimpan banyak kekurangan. Manajemen kebun plasma yang bermitra dengan inti sangat beragam status pengelolaannya. Ada yang bersifat individu dan ada pula di bawah pengelolaan berkelompok seperti Koperasi atau GAKOPTAN. Seringkali dengan banyaknya kekurangan dalam pelaksanaannya tersebut maka kecenderungan kondisi tidak menguntungkan ada pada pihak petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program kemitraan inti plasma perkebunan sawit dan peran Koperasi dalam program kemitraan inti plasma perkebunan kelapa sawit di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan khususnya wilayah perkebunan sawit di Kabupaten Barito Kuala, sebagaimana diatur dalam perundang-undang No.39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan dan UU sektoral terkait. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, yakni penelitian yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif, yang bersumber dari penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan bahan hukum.
“Let's Go to School and Marry Later”
Authors: Wenzek Florence 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, I track the contribution of Tanganyikan girls to the big push for schooling that characterized the country, and the whole of Africa, from the 1940s to the late 1970s. So doing, I bring together two historiographies—works that document nationalist discourses that promoted this quick expansion of the schooling system and those that underline the agency of African girls in shaping their lives and education. Reading together girls’ writings in the press, archival documentation, and interviews with adult women, I propose a nuanced analysis of girls’ stances towards a public discourse that made their schooling a significant asset for nation-building.
Une exploitation des Préalpes valaisannes confrontée au réchauffement climatique
Authors: Rouiller François , Delaloye Gilles 
Published: March 2023

Ein Forstbetrieb in den Walliser Voralpen konfrontiert mit der Klimaerwärmung
Die Wälder der Walliser Voralpen leiden ebenso unter dem Klimawandel wie die Wälder der Schweiz und Europas. Die Waldbewirtschafter mussten ihre Forstwirtschaft anpassen, um den Wald klimaresistenter und widerstandsfähiger gegen Krankheiten zu machen. Eine wichtige Massnahme betrifft die Baumartenzusammensetzung: Die Wälder sollten vielfältiger werden und klimatolerante Baumarten beinhalten. Gastbaumarten haben dabei nur eine Chance, wenn die Wilddichte reguliert wird. Weiter wird mittelfristig die Holzversorgung beeinträchtigt, da gewisse Baumarten seltener werden und neue stärker vertreten sein werden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Wertschöpfungsketten in der Bau- und Energiewirtschaft sich anpassen müssen.
Carbon capture and storage: net zero contribution and cost estimation approaches
Authors: Skobelev Dmitry , Cherepovitsyna Alina , Guseva Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are a combination of necessary and promising technologies that can help reduce CO2 emissions, which are not used on a large scale due to the high cost of solutions. This article aims to review and analyze carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in terms of their net zero contribution and cost estimates. The study identified a wide range of cost estimation methods that can be applied to CCS projects and revealed such issues as a lack of standardization, limited data, and cost data variability. Still, several common trends were found, including the classification of CCS adopters into low-cost and high-cost industries, cost estimation by CCS step (capture, transportation, storage) and industry (power generation, other sectors), and calculation of relative indices to make comparisons with other decarbonization options. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing approaches to estimating the costs of CCS in Russia, which are necessary for planning government support measures and involving businesses in the implementation of these initiatives.
Separationless method of determination of volume fractions of gas, condensate and water in products extracted from gas condensate wells
Authors: Moskalev I. N. , Semenov A. V. , Ekimchev S. N. , Khapov D. A. 
Published: March 2023

The problem of the lack of instruments for the operational measurement of the components of the production of gas condensate wells – multiphase flow meters – is considered. Actual problems solved with the use of multiphase flowmeters are described, and the main requirement for these devices is the measurement of the components of a gas condensate flow without separating it into gas and liquid phases using a separator. A method is proposed for determining the volumetric contents of the components of the products of gas condensate and oil and gas condensate wells using a non-separation technique for registering components. The probing of a gas-liquid flow by decimeter radio waves at the moment of flow passing through a microwave resonator is described, and a variant of the design of a non-separation analyzer of volume fractions of gas, condensate and water in the production products of gas condensate wells is proposed. The volume fractions of gas, water, and condensate were determined from the results of measurements of the frequency shift and the quality factor of the resonator. At the same time, an acceptable accuracy (less than 5 %) of determining the amount of condensate is provided only at high condensategas ratios (300–1000 cm3/ m3) and low water-gas ratios (30–100 cm3/m3). With an increase in the proportion of water or a decrease in the proportion of condensate, the error in determining the gas-condensate factor becomes unacceptably high (more than 10 %). It is proposed to reduce this error by introducing a bypass line into the flow meter containing a filter for separating the liquid phase and a reference resonator. The reference resonator registers the frequency shift due to the gas phase. The filter is probed with an eight-millimeter radio beam, which reacts to the content of only the water component. The data obtained from the resonator and filter significantly expand the range of recorded condensate-gas and water-gas factors. Possibilities of using the proposed technique: determination of volume fractions in the production products of gas condensate wells; application in multiphase flow meters for gas condensate fields; quality control of separators that separate liquid before further gas supply (when equipment is installed both before the separator and after it). Large bore resonators could be used to control gas-liquid flow through pipelines of large diameters, such as collector pipelines.
Metrological support of sequence analysis of nucleic acids
Authors: Melkova О. N. , Kulyabina E. V. , Fomina S. Yu. , Volkov A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Metrological support for the process of molecular genetic identification is provided. An establishment of a nucleotide sequence is the general aim in nucleic acids analysis. A nucleotide sequence of DNA/RNA is the key information which gives an idea of the role and functioning of nucleic acids in living systems, as well as it allows establishing the origin of biological objects during molecular genetic identification. The molecular genetic identification is based on modern methods of research in the sequencing of DNA, which is inherited from generation to next generation of living organisms. DNA sequence comparison in some cases is mandatory to establish the authenticity of biological objects and to determine biological affiliation or kinship with other biological objects. The problems of metrological support of molecular genetic identification by Sanger DNA sequencing using fluorescently labeled reaction terminators and the use of capillary electrophoresis on the example of fish identification are considered. Metrological support of the process includes the use of such definitions as a nucleotide (the nucleic acid monomer), a sequence of nucleotides of nucleic acids. Also, it involves the procedures used in certified methods, a standard sample of a known DNA sequence of an approved type, and a genetic analyzer.Standard Reference Materials of a fragment of human mitochondrial DNA was developed, approved, entered into the Federal registry. The tests of the domestic genetic analyzer Nanophore 05 were carried out. Two measurement procedures “The measurement methodology the partial nucleotide sequence of the control region of mitochondrial DNA of fish (families Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae) by Sanger sequencing with fluorescently-labeled terminators and using capillary electrophoresis” and “The measurement methodology the nucleotide sequence of the 5’ region of the mitochondrial COI gene of water biological resources by Sanger sequencing with fluorescently-labeled terminators and using capillary electrophoresis” were tested and certified. The results are relevant to research in biological sciences, the food industry, biotechnology, and DNA forensics.
La problemática de la confesión realizada fuera de la etapa de desahogo de pruebas en los Juicios Mercantiles
Authors: Aguilar  Domínguez Alexis 
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo aborda y emite una posible solución a las incógnitas que arroja y surgen del artículo 1235 del Código de Comercio vigente en la Federación, y éstas nace debido a que dicho numeral del códex en comento, es omiso en precisar diversas cuestiones que atañen a la ratificación producida sin la presencia judicial.
Una vez citado y estudiado el precepto legal objeto este trabajo, se expresan una batería de cuestionamientos, para posteriormente omitir una opinión con base en la legislación mercantil, la jurisprudencia y en la práctica jurídica; sendas opiniones son respecto a cada punto en particular cuestionado, en lo que atañe a la confesión emitida sin la presencia judicial y para que ésta tenga valor probatorio pleno es necesaria su ratificación.