bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Century Ago the Stern–Gerlach Experiment Ruled Unequivocally in Favor of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Friedrich Bretislav 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 1921, Otto Stern conceived the idea for an experiment that would decide between a classical and a quantum description of atomic behavior, as epitomized by the Bohr–Sommerfeld–Debye model of the atom. This model entailed not only the quantization of the magnitude of the orbital electronic angular momentum but also of the projection of the angular momentum on an external magnetic field – the so‐called space quantization. Stern recognized that space quantization would have observable consequences: namely, that the magnetic dipole moment due to the orbital angular momentum would be space quantized as well, taking two opposite values for atoms whose only unpaired electron has just one quantum of orbital angular momentum. When acted upon by a suitable inhomogeneous magnetic field, a beam of such atoms would be split into two beams consisting of deflected atoms with opposite projections of the orbital angular momentum on the magnetic field. In contradistinction, if atoms behaved classically, the atomic beam would only broaden along the field gradient and have maximum intensity at zero deflection, i. e., where there would be a minimum or no intensity for a beam split due to space quantization. Stern anticipated that, although simple in principle, the experiment would be difficult to carry out – and invited Walther Gerlach to team up with him. Gerlach's realism and experimental skills together with his sometimes stubborn determination to make things work proved invaluable for the success of the Stern–Gerlach experiment (SGE). After a long struggle, Gerlach finally saw, on 8 February 1922, the splitting of a beam of silver atoms in a magnetic field. The absence of the concept of electron spin confused and confounded the interpretation of the SGE, as the silver atoms were, in fact, in a 2S state, with zero orbital and
spin angular momentum. However, a key quantum feature whose existence the SGE was designed to test – namely space quantization of electronic angular momentum – was robust enough to transpire independent of whether the electronic angular momentum was orbital or due to spin. The SGE entails other key aspects of quantum mechanics such as quantum measurement, state preparation, coherence, and entanglement. Confronted with the outcome of the SGE, Stern noted: “I still have objections to the idea of beauty of quantum mechanics. But she is correct.”
Beneficial impact of lithium bis(oxalato)borate as electrolyte additive for high‐voltage nickel‐rich lithium‐battery cathodes
Authors: Wu Fanglin , Mullaliu Angelo , Diemant Thomas , Stepien Dominik , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Bresser Dominic , Kim Guk‐Tae , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐voltage nickel‐rich layered cathodes possess the requisite, such as excellent discharge capacity and high energy density, to realize lithium batteries with higher energy density. However, such materials suffer from structural and interfacial instability at high voltages (>4.3 V). To reinforce the stability of these cathode materials at elevated voltages, lithium borate salts are investigated as electrolyte additives to generate a superior cathode‐electrolyte interphase. Specifically, the use of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) leads to an enhanced cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.7%. Importantly, almost no voltage hysteresis is detected after 200 cycles at 1C. This outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to an enhanced structural and interfacial stability, which is attained by suppressing the generation of micro‐cracks and the superficial structural degradation upon cycling. The improved stability stems from the formation of a fortified borate‐containing interphase which protects the highly reactive cathode from parasitic reactions with the electrolyte. Finally, the decomposition process of LiBOB and the possible adsorption routes to the cathode surface are deduced and elucidated.image
Model‐Based Systems Engineering as an Enabler of Agility
Authors: Plazanet Sophie , Navas Juan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTModel‐based systems engineering (MBSE) with agility can help systems engineering programs which deal with both increasing complexity and frequent changes in environment and usages, shorter time‐to‐market, uncertainty of the needs, and more sophisticated industrial schemes. Agile approaches originated in software engineering can be extended and tailored to a certain extent to complex systems engineering and particularly to MBSE. Main benefits of agility are provision of a minimum viable product as early as possible in the schedule, early capture of changes of needs, enabling to deliver a system answering to the real needs, and securing of the value proposal. It includes also potential reduction in rework of the final system through regular customer feedback throughout development (left shift for the defect correction with early exposure), and efficiency of the use of resources. Concerning MBSE, the use of models as a single source of truth for completeness and consistency is useful to share and secure the design by improving communication within engineering teams and the building and support of the development strategy, and to help to automate some tasks such as model exchange and synchronization. In addition to the benefits of each approach, combining them may help to:
▪ Organize and synchronize the development and validation effort of one or multiple engineering teams.
▪ Faster impact analysis including trade‐off studies/options and hence a faster reaction to evolutions in expectations and constraints, that is, the agility of systems.
▪ Show regularly “end to end” value to the customer and other stakeholders.
FuSE Agility as a Foundation for Sound MBSE Lifecycle Management
Authors: Papke Barry , Hause Matthew , Hetherington David 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTOver the past several years, numerous industries have increased their adoption of the systems modeling language (SysML®) and model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) as a core practice within their engineering lifecycles. However, the introduction of SysML and MBSE methodologies has not yet yielded many of the originally envisioned benefits. System models are becoming larger and more complex and many large MBSE projects continue to experience problems with model integration, repository performance, and model lifecycle management. The root cause is the failure to recognize the MBSE digital environment as a complex engineering information processing system that requires the same rigor and development processes as the system‐of‐interest (SoI) it is designing. This article describes how three future of systems engineering (FuSE) agility foundation concepts (system of innovation, effective stakeholder engagement, and continuous integration) directly address some of the problems seen in adoption, deployment, and sustainment of the MBSE digital environment as an SoI.
Agile Programs Need Agile Reviews
Authors: Rosser Larri 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTCurrent technical oversight approaches used for government programs (for example, stage‐gate reviews) are not agile — their expectations are not aligned with agile development cadences, and they are not adequately responsive to continuous unpredictable change. This article explores ways to provide insight and responsive forward looking actionable guidance for agile projects in the context of government and defense programs. It proposes a general oversight approach that produces minimal drag and disruption and keeps pace with agile product development.
Expansion of around the clock critical care and emergency medicine clinical pharmacy services at a large urban academic medical center
Authors: Kruer Rachel M. , Czosnowski Quinn , Miller Emily M. , Anderson Eve , Peters Haley , Basting Alyson T. , Hauser Christian , Negaard Briana , Stoldt Joseph , Vo Dalena , Wetmore Lori , Tai Anis , Bott Julie , Trujillo Tate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe impact of a pharmacist as a dedicated member of multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department (ED) teams has repeatedly been described in the literature for over 20 years. A 2020 position paper published by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy recommended the optimal practice model include critical care pharmacists providing direct patient care 24 h a day, 7 days a week. The objective of this paper is to describe the expansion and evolution of clinical pharmacy services provided in the ICU and ED at a large academic health center, beginning in 2015 and accelerated in the face of a global pandemic. This was made possible through a combination of creating new positions and reallocating existing positions to substantially increase ICU and ED clinical pharmacy coverage. Over a 7 year period, the emergency medicine and critical care clinical pharmacy team expanded from six full time equivalent (FTE) employees in 2015 to 16 FTEs in early 2022. This allowed for reduced pharmacist to patient ratios, the expansion of clinical pharmacy services from primarily weekday hours to a 24 h per day coverage model, 7 days a week, and to better support clinical pharmacy specialists providing these services. Rapid expansion of around the clock clinical pharmacy services was only possible through collaboration between clinical and operations pharmacy managers and feedback from members of the multidisciplinary team.
RETRACTED: Diosmetin inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer by interfering with M2 phenotype macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhang Faqiang , Luo Huan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOverturning M2 phenotype macrophage polarization is a promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer (GC). Diosmetin (DIO) is a natural flavonoid with antitumor effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DIO on polarization of M2 phenotype macrophages in GC. THP‐1 cells were induced to M2 phenotype macrophages and co‐cultured with AGS cells. The effects of DIO were determined by flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, CCK‐8, Transwell, and western blot. To explore the mechanisms, THP‐1 cells were transfected with adenoviral vectors containing tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2) or si‐TRAF2. DIO (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) restrained the M2 phenotype macrophage polarization. In addition, DIO (20 μM) reversed the increased viability and invasion of AGS cells induced by the co‐culture of M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, TRAF2 knockdown inhibited the effect of M2 phenotype macrophages on AGS cells' growth and invasion. Furthermore, DIO (20 μM) was found to decrease TRAF2/NF‐κB activity in GC cells. However, TRAF2 overexpressed reversed the inhibitory effect of DIO on the co‐culture system. The in vivo study confirmed that DIO treatment (50 mg/kg) could repress the growth of GC. DIO treatment markedly reduced the expressions of Ki‐67 and N‐cadherin, and decreased the protein levels of TRAF2 and p‐NF‐κB/NF‐κB. In conclusion, DIO inhibited the growth and invasion of GC cells by interfering with M2 phenotype macrophage polarization through repression of the TRAF2/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Mesoporous nanocomposites based on CeO2 and MgO: preparation, structure and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Matsukevich Iryna , Kulinich Natallia , Kulbitskaya Ludmila , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Popkov Vadim , Chebanenko Maria , Moskovskikh Dmitry , Kuskov Kirill , Romanovski Valentin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelf‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis was used to create mesoporous CeO2 and MgO powders as well as nanocomposites based on them for efficient degradation of organic dyes.RESULTSIt has been investigated how magnesium oxide and cerium oxide interact to affect the crystal structure, morphology and microstructure of the materials produced. It was assumed that CeO2 forms on the surface of MgO while the material's developed surface is preserved. The values of the specific surface area and average pore diameter of the studied samples depend on the composition and vary in the ranges of 16–41 m2 g−1 and 11.919 nm, respectively.CONCLUSIONIt has been established that the sizes of CeO2 crystallites in the composition of nanocomposites change insignificantly and range from 6.5 to 7.4 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the studied samples is at least two times higher compared to analogs. The samples MgO–CeO2 (30 mol%) and MgO–CeO2 (50 mol%) showed the maximum photodegradation efficiency of acid telon blue and direct bright blue dyes at levels of 98.5% and 92.5%, respectively. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dance becomes therapeutic in the mid to late 20th century
Authors: Kormos Janka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe convergence of dance art and therapeutic culture engendered the development of dance‐movement therapy in the mid to late 20th century internationally. This article traces the sociopolitical, institutional, and aesthetic influences that coalesced in this process by contrasting histories of dance‐movement therapy in Hungary and in the United States. The professionalization dance‐movement therapy, through which it established its own theory, practice, and training institutions, occurred first in the United States in the late 1940s. Modern dancers in the United States began to conceptualize their activity as therapeutic, and the dancer as a (secular) healer, a therapist. The influx of therapeutic concepts into the field of dance is viewed as an example of therapeutic discourse permeating various areas of life in the 20th century. The Hungarian case provides a contrasting history of therapeutic culture, one that deviates from the predominant view of the phenomenon as a product of the global spread of Western modernization and the growth of free‐market capitalism. Hungarian movement and dance therapy indeed developed independently from its American predecessor. Its history is intimately tied to the sociopolitical context of state‐socialist period, particularly to the institutionalization of psychotherapy in public hospitals, and to the adaptation of Western group psychotherapies within the informal setting of the “second public sphere.” The legacy of Michael Balint and the British object‐relations school provided its theoretical framework. Its methodology was rooted in postmodern dance. The methodological differences between American dance‐movement therapy and the Hungarian method reflects the shift in dance aesthetics that occurred internationally between 1940 and 1980s.
Acetylshikonin promoting PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting SOX4 expression to delay intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain
Authors: Huang Yuming , Lei Linchuan , Zhao Zhuoyang , Li Zemin , Wang Hua , Chen Shunlun , Zheng Jinjian , Jiang Guowei , Guo Xingyu , Li Jiamin , Wang Jianru , Zheng Zhaomin , Chen Fan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the molecular mechanism by which acetylshikonin inhibits SOX4 expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway to delay intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain (LBP). Bulk RNA‐seq, RT‐qPCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, small interfering RNA (siSOX4), lentivirus (lentiv‐SOX4hi), and imaging techniques were used to assess SOX4 expression and validate its upstream regulatory pathway. Acetylshikonin and siSOX4 were injected into the IVD to measure IVDD. SOX4 expression significantly increased in degenerated IVD tissues. TNF‐α increased SOX4 expression and apoptosis‐related proteins in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). siSOX4 reduced TNF‐α‐induced NPCs apoptosis, while Lentiv‐SOX4hi increased it. The PI3K/Akt pathway was significantly correlated with SOX4, and acetylshikonin upregulated PI3K/Akt pathway while inhibiting SOX4 expression. In the anterior puncture IVDD mouse model, SOX4 expression was upregulated, and acetylshikonin and siSOX4 delayed IVDD‐induced LBP. Acetylshikonin delays IVDD‐induced LBP by inhibiting SOX4 expression through the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings offer potential therapeutic targets for future treatments.
Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid improved biological nitrogen fixation, water‐nitrogen productivity, and nitrate residue in cotton/soybean intercropping
Authors: Jing Bo , Shi Wenjuan , Liu Lu , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) can promote crop growth and improve soil properties efficiently. However, the optimal application rate of γ‐PGA in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems is still unclear. A potted experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of five γ‐PGA rates (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%, represented by CK, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively) on biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF), water‐N productivity, and nitrate distribution in a cotton/soybean intercropping system.ResultsThe results showed that the growth indicators (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, root dry weight, root length) of cotton and soybean increased first and then decreased with increasing γ‐PGA rates, and all growth indicators of cotton and soybean showed peaks in P3 and P2 treatments. The stable 15N isotope method indicated that γ‐PGA promoted the BNF capacity of soybean and soil. In particular, the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) in soybean reached 61.94% in the P2 treatment. Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid improved the water‐N productivity, and the total N partial factor productivity (NPFP) and water productivity (WP) in P3 treatment increased by 23.80% and 43.86% compared with the CK treatment. The γ‐PGA mitigation of potential nitrate residue also decreased first and then increased with increasing γ‐PGA rates.ConclusionMultivariate regression analysis showed that 0.22% of the optimal γ‐PGA application rate could obtain a higher yield and water‐N productivity in cotton/soybean intercropping system simultaneously. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Persistent poverty impacts access to minimally invasive surgery among patients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancer
Authors: Rawicz‐Pruszyński Karol , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Endo Yutaka , Munir Muhammad M. , Katayama Erryk , Waqar Usama , Khan Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi , Khalil Mujtaba , Rueda Belisario Ortiz , Resende Vivian , Dillhoff Mary , Cloyd Jordan , Ejaz Aslam , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been successfully adopted in hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancer, and has been associated with improved perioperative and comparable oncological outcomes. We sought to define the impact of county‐level duration of poverty on access to MIS and clinical outcomes among patients with HPB cancer undergoing surgical treatment.Materials and MethodsData on patients diagnosed with HPB cancer were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data (2010–2016). County‐level poverty data were obtained from the American Community Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and categorized into three groups: never high poverty (NHP), intermittent high poverty (IHP), and persistent poverty (PP). Multivariable regression was used to assess the relationship between PP and MIS.ResultsAmong 8098 patients, 82% (n = 664) resided in regions with NHP, 13.6% (n = 1104) resided in regions with IHP, and 4.4% (n = 350) resided in regions with PP. Median age at the diagnosis was 71 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 67–77). Patients from IHP and PP counties had lower odds of undergoing MIS (IHP/PP vs. NHP, odds ratio [OR]: 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.96, p = 0.034) and being discharged home (IHP/PP vs. NHP, OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99, p = 0.043), as well as a higher risk of 1‐year mortality (IHP/PP vs. NHP, HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.036–2.209, p = 0.032) compared with patients residing in NHP counties.ConclusionsDuration of county‐level poverty was associated with lower receipt of MIS and unfavorable clinical and survival outcomes among patients with HPB cancer. There is a need to improve access to modern surgical treatment options among vulnerable, PP populations.
The Association between Circulating 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Is Mediated by Gut Microbiota and Fecal and Serum Metabolites in Adults
Authors: Liu Chun‐ying , Li Bang‐yan , Liang Yuhui , Xu Jinjian , Zhuo Lai‐Bao , Wang Jia‐ting , Hu Wei , Sun Ting‐yu , Xu Fengzhe , Gou Wanglong , Zheng Ju‐Sheng , Chen Yu‐ming 
Published: June 2023

ScopeVitamin D is vital to cardiovascular health. This study examines the association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the progression of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and identifies the potential mediating biomarkers of gut microbiota and metabolites in adults.Methods and ResultsThis 9‐year prospective study includes 2975 subjects with plasma 25(OH)D at baseline and determined cIMT every 3 years. Higher circulating 25(OH)D is associated with decreased odds of higher (≥median) 9‐year cIMT changes at the common carotid artery (hΔCCA‐cIMT) (p‐trend < 0.001). Multivariable‐adjusted OR (95%CI) of hΔCCA‐cIMT for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of 25(OH)D is 0.87 (0.73–1.04) and 0.68 (0.57–0.82). Gut microbiome and metabolome analysis identify 18 biomarkers significantly associated with both 25(OH)D and hΔCCA‐cIMT, including three microbial genera, seven fecal metabolites, eight serum metabolites, and pathway of synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Mediation/path analyses show the scores generated from the overlapped differential gut microbiota, fecal and serum metabolites, and serum acetoacetic acid alone could mediate the beneficial association between 25(OH)D and hΔCCA‐cIMT by 10.8%, 23.1%, 59.2%, and 62.0% (all p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsThese findings show a beneficial association between plasma 25(OH)D and the CCA‐cIMT progression. The identified multi‐omics biomarkers provide novel mechanistic insights for the epidemiological association.