bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Spectrally‐Resolved Single Molecule Localization Microscopy with Deep Learning
Authors: Manko Hanna , Mély Yves , Godet Julien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpectrally‐resolved single molecule localization microscopy (srSMLM) is a recent technique enriching single molecule localization microscopy with the simultaneous recording of spectra of the single emitters. srSMLM resolution is limited by the number of photons collected per emitters. Sharing a photon budget to record the localization and the spectroscopic information results in a loss of spatial and spectral resolution—or forces the sacrifice of one at the expense of the other. Here, srUnet—a deep‐learning Unet‐based image processing routine trained to increase the spectral and spatial signals to compensate for the resolution loss inherent in additionally recording the spectral component is reported. Both localization and spectral precision are improved by srUnet—particularly for the low‐emitting species. srUnet increases the fraction of localization whose signal can be both spatially and spectrally characterized. It preserves spectral shifts and the linearity of the dispersion of light. It strongly facilitates wavelength assignment in multicolor experiments. srUnet is a simple post‐processing add‐on boosting srSMLM performance close to conventional SMLM with the potential to turn srSMLM into the new standard for multicolor single molecule imaging.
Highly Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with Controllable Thickness and Area Capacity
Authors: Zhang Jiaheng , Cai Dan , Zhu Liping , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractK metal battery is a kind of high‐energy‐density storage device with economic advantages. However, due to the dendrite growth and difficult processing characteristics, it is difficult to prepare stable K metal anode with thin thickness and fixed area capacity, which severely limits its development. In this work, a multi‐functional 3D skeleton (rGCA) is synthesized by simple vacuum filtration and thermal reduction, and K metal anodes with controllable thickness and area capacity (K content) can be fabricated by changing the raw material mass and graphene layer spacing of rGCA. Moreover, the graphene sheet layer of rGCA can relax stress and relieve volume expansion; carbon nanotubes can serve as the fast transport channel of electrons, reducing internal impedance and local current density; Ag nanoparticles can induce the uniform nucleation and deposition of K+. The K metal composite anodes (rGCA‐K) based on the conductive skeleton can effectively suppress dendrites and exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in symmetric and full cells. The controllable fabrication process of stable K metal anode is expected to help K metal batteries move toward the stage of commercial production.
Direct Ink Writing of Pickering Emulsions Generates Ultralight Conducting Polymer Foams with Hierarchical Structure and Multifunctionality
Authors: Huang Hao , Liao Longhui , Lin Zewen , Pan Deng , Nuo Qu , Wu Ting‐Ting , Jiang Yuan , Bai Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorous materials with multiple hierarchy levels can be useful as lightweight engineering structures, biomedical implants, flexible functional devices, and thermal insulators. Numerous routes have integrated bottom‐up and top‐down approaches for the generation of engineering materials with lightweight nature, complex structures, and excellent mechanical properties. It nonetheless remains challenging to generate ultralight porous materials with hierarchical architectures and multi‐functionality. Here, the combined strategy based on Pickering emulsions and additive manufacturing leads to the development of ultralight conducting polymer foams with hierarchical pores and multifunctional performance. Direct writing of the emulsified inks consisting of the nano‐oxidant—hydrated vanadium pentoxide nanowires—generated free‐standing scaffolds, which are stabilized by the interfacial organization of the nanowires into network structures. The following in situ oxidative polymerization transforms the nano‐oxidant scaffolds into foams consisting of a typical conducting polymer—polyaniline. The lightweight polyaniline foams featured by hierarchical pores and high surface areas show excellent performances in the applications of supercapacitor electrodes, planar micro‐supercapacitors, and gas sensors. This emerging technology demonstrates the great potential of a combination of additive manufacturing with complex fluids for the generation of functional solids with lightweight nature and adjustable structure‐function relationships.
High‐Performance Li‐CO2 Battery Based on Carbon‐Free Porous Ru@QNFs Cathode
Authors: Zhu Ting , Wang Sheng , Yu Zhiqian , Song Hucheng , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, due to the existance of lithium carbonate and amorphous carbon in the discharge products that are difficult to decompose, the battery shows low coulombic efficiency and poor cycle performance. Here, by adjusting the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) on ruthenium (Ru) catalysts surface, this work reports an ultralow charge overpotential and long cycle life Li‐CO2 battery that consists of typical lithium metal, ternary molten salt electrolyte (TMSE), and Ru‐based cathode. Experimental results show that the Ru catalysts deposited on quartz nanofiber (QF) can suppress the four‐electron conversion of CO2 to lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). As a result, the battery shows a long‐cycle‐life of over 457 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 with a limited capacity of 500 mAh g−1Ru. Remarkably, a recorded low discharge potential of ≈3.0 V has been achieved after 35 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, with a charge potential retention of over 99%. Moreover, the battery can operate over 25 A g−1 and recover 96% potential. This battery technology paves the way for designing high‐performance rechargeable Li‐CO2 batteries with carbon neutrality.
Boosting Photo‐Electro‐Fenton Process Via Atomically Dispersed Iron Sites on Graphdiyne for InVitro Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Li Ge , Zheng Yan , Hu Guangxuan , Chen Bo , Gu Yu , Yang Jianyu , Yang Hongbin , Hu Fangxin , Li Changming , Guo Chunxian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is essential in oxidative stress and signal regulation of organs of animal body. Realizing in vitro quantification of H2O2 released from organs is significant, but faces challenges due to short lifetime of H2O2 and complex bio‐environment. Herein, rationally designed and constructed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for in vitro sensing of H2O2, in which atomically dispersed iron active sites (Hemin) modified graphdiyne (Fe‐GDY) serves as photoelectrode and catalyzes photo‐electro‐Fenton process. Sensitivity of Fe‐GDY electrode is enhanced 8 times under illumination compared with dark condition. The PEC H2O2 sensor under illumination delivers a wide linear range from 0.1 to 48 160 µm and a low detection limit of 33 nm, while demonstrating excellent selectivity and stability. The high performance of Fe‐GDY is attributed to, first, energy levels matching of GDY and Hemin that effectively promotes the injection of photo‐generated electrons from GDY to Fe3+ for reduced Fe2+, which facilitates the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle. Second, the Fe2+ actively catalyzes H2O2 to OH‐ through the Fenton process, thereby improving the sensitivity. The PEC sensor demonstrates in vitro quantification of H2O2 released from different organs, providing a promising approach for molecular sensing and disease diagnosis in organ levels.
3D‐Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrodes for Customizable, Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries with an Ultra‐Long Lifetime
Authors: Hu Xin , Chen Yimin , Xu Wei , Zhu Yi , Kim Donggun , Fan Ye , Yu Baozhi , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract3D printing technology has demonstrated great potential in fabricating flexible and customizable high‐performance batteries, which are highly desired in the forthcoming intelligent and ubiquitous energy era. However, a significant performance gap, especially in cycling stability, still exists between the 3D‐printed and conventional electrodes, seriously limiting the practical applications of 3D‐printed batteries. Here, for the first time, a series of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐based 3D‐printed electrodes is developed via fused deposition modeling for flexible and customizable high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. The TPU‐based electrode filaments in kilogram order are prepared via a facile extrusion method. As a result, the electrodes are well‐printed with high dimensional accuracy, flexibility, and mechanical stability. Notably, 3D‐printed TPU‐LFP electrodes exhibit a capacity retention of 100% after 300 cycles at 1C, which is among the best cycling performance of all the reported 3D‐printed electrodes. Such excellent performance is associated with the superb stress cushioning properties of the TPU‐based electrodes that can accommodate the volume change during the cycling and thus significantly prevent the collapse of 3D‐printed electrode structures. The findings not only provide a new avenue to achieve customizable and flexible batteries but also guide a promising way to erase the performance gap between 3D‐printed and conventional lithium‐ion batteries.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of MXene on Ruthenium Dioxide‐Modified Carbon Cloth for Electrochemical Detection of Kaempferol
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Qingbin , Liu Jinxin , Kong Weijun , Shi Linchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA superior composite material consisting of MXene and ruthenium dioxide‐modified carbon cloth is synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and electrostatic self‐assembly, which is further utilized to construct a class of novel electrochemical (EC) sensors for kaempferol (KA) detection. The carbon‐cloth‐based electrodes modified by ruthenium dioxide and then MXene are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The EC process on the modified electrodes is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, EC impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. It is found that positively charged RuO2 not only possesses the remarkable electrical conductivity and electrocatalysis activity but also hampers the restacking of MXene, which accordingly enhances the exposure of the active surface area and greatly boosts the electrocatalysis activity of the entire composite. Consequently, this newly developed composite‐based EC sensor exhibits a high sensitivity, selectivity, and remarkable stability to detect KA with two linear ranges of 0.06–1 and 1–15 µM. The inferred limit of detection is 0.039 µM via differential pulse voltammetry. More importantly, this novel EC sensor is found to be applicable for detecting KA in practical traditional Chinese medicines.
Transition between Different Diffusion Modes of Individual Lipids during the Membrane‐Specific Action of As‐CATH4 Peptides
Authors: Wu Jinfeng , Xu Cheng , Ye Zifan , Chen Haibo , Wang Yipeng , Yang Kai , Yuan Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cell membrane permeabilization ability of immune defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is widely applied in biomedicine. Although the mechanisms of peptide–membrane interactions have been widely investigated, analyses at the molecular level are still lacking. Herein, the membrane‐specific action of a native AMP, As‐CATH4, is investigated using a single‐lipid tracking method in combination with live cell and model membrane assays conducted at different scales. The peptide–membrane interaction process is characterized by analyzing single‐lipid diffusion behaviors. As‐CATH4 exhibits potent antimicrobial activity through bacterial membrane permeabilization, with moderate cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. In‐plane diffusion analyses of individual lipids show that the lipid molecules exhibit non‐Gaussian and heterogeneous diffusion behaviors in both pristine and peptide‐treated membranes, which can be decomposed into two Gaussian subgroups corresponding to normal‐ and slow‐diffusive lipids. Assessment of the temporal evolution of these two diffusion modes of lipids reveal that the peptide action states of As‐CATH4 include surface binding, transmembrane defect formation, and dynamic equilibrium. The action mechanisms of As‐CATH4 at varying concentrations and against different membranes are distinguished. This work resolves the simultaneous mixed diffusion mechanisms of single lipids in biomimetic cell membranes, especially during dynamic membrane permeabilization by AMPs.
Two‐Step Synthesis of B2N2‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long‐Lived Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Luo Huan , Wan Qingyun , Choi Wookjin , Tsutsui Yusuke , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Du Lili , Phillips David Lee , Seki Shu , Liu Junzhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPentagon–heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2N2‐doped PAH (BN‐2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN‐2, two different conformations, including saddle‐shaped and up‐down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited‐state dynamics of BN‐2 is well‐investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon–heptagon embedded B2N2‐doped BN‐2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long‐lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited‐state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet−triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long‐lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
Enhancing Electron Conductivity and Electron Density of Single Atom Based Core–Shell Nanoboxes for High Redox Activity in Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Jiao , Jiang Helong , Wang Kuandi , Yu Miao , Jiang Xiaobin , He Gaohong , Li Xiangcun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, an integrated structure of single Fe atom doped core‐shell carbon nanoboxes wrapped by self‐growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is designed. Within the nanoboxes, the single Fe atom doped hollow cores are bonded to the shells via the carbon needles, which act as the highways for the electron transport between cores and shells. Moreover, the single Fe atom doped nanobox shells is further wrapped and connected by self‐growing carbon nanotubes. Simultaneously, the needles and carbon nanotubes act as the highways for electron transport, which can improve the overall electron conductivity and electron density within the nanoboxes. Finite element analysis verifies the unique structure including both internal and external connections realize the integration of active sites in nano scale, and results in significant increase in electron transfer and the catalytic performance of Fe‐N4 sites in both Li2Sn lithiation and Li2S delithiation. The Li–S batteries with the double‐shelled single atom catalyst delivered the specific capacity of 702.2 mAh g−1 after 550 cycles at 1.0 C. The regional structure design and evaluation method provide a new strategy for the further development of single atom catalysts for more electrochemical processes.
Assembling AgAuSe Quantum Dots with Peptidoglycan and Neutrophils to Realize Enhanced Tumor Targeting, NIR (II) Imaging, and Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Ling , Yuan Meng , Ma Ping'an , Chen Xiaorui , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSignificant progress is made in drug delivery systems, but they still face problems such as poor stability in vivo, off‐target drugs, and difficulty in crossing biological barriers. It is urgent to realize efficient targeted delivery and precisely controlled sustained release of drugs by using the integrated nanoplatform. Theranostic nanoplatform is a new biomedical technology that combines diagnosis or monitoring of diseases with treatment. Here, an integrated strategy of diagnosis and treatment is reported for delivering NIR‐II imaged and therapeutic AgAuSe quantum dots (QDs) carried by peptidoglycan multilayer networks of bacteria to hitchhike circulating neutrophils for targeting the tumor. The assembled nanomaterials have good stability, which can not only initiate endogenous cells for drug delivery and achieve efficient targeting, but also guide drug imaging with excellent fluorescence property. Meanwhile, the elimination of established solid tumor is achieved with the administration of sonodynamic therapy without recurrence. This drug system expands the application of endogenous cell to participate in drug delivery system. Thus, the assembly strategy demonstrates the potential of endogenous neutrophils in functioning as natural drug vehicles and the application of NIR‐II fluorescent QDs in biomedical engineering.
An Ortho‐Bisalkyloxylated Benzene‐Based Fully Non‐fused Electron Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Yang Ni , Zhang Tao , Wang Shijie , An Cunbin , Seibt Susanne , Wang Guanlin , Wang Jingwen , Yang Yi , Wang Wenxuan , Xiao Yang , Yao Huifeng , Zhang Shaoqing , Ma Wei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo develop the low‐cost nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), two fully non‐fused NFAs (TBT‐2 and TBT‐6) with ortho‐bis((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)benzene unit and different side chains onto thiophene‐bridges are synthesized through highly efficient synthetic procedures. Both acceptors show good planarity, low optical gaps (≈1.51 eV), and deep highest occupied molecular orbital levels (≤‐5.77 eV). More importantly, the single‐crystal structure of TBT‐2 shows compact molecular arrangement due to the existence of intramolecular interactions between adjacent aromatic units and strong π–π stacking between intermolecular terminal groups. When the two acceptors are fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells by combining with a wide optical gap polymer donor, the TBT‐6 with strong crystallization forms large domain sizes in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. As a result, the TBT‐6‐based OPV cell shows a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.53%. In contrast, the TBT‐2 with proper crystallization facilitates morphological optimization in the BHJ blend. Consequently, the TBT‐2‐based OPV cell gives an outstanding PCE of 13.25%, which is one of the best values among OPV cells with similar optical gaps. Overall, this work provides a practical molecular design strategy for developing high‐performance and low‐cost electron acceptors.
Two‐In‐One: End‐Emitting Blue LED and Self‐Powered UV Photodetector based on Single Trapezoidal PIN GaN Microwire for Ambient Light UV Monitoring and Feedback
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Xingfu , Zou Can , Liu Qing , Chen Kun , Shi Yuhao , Xu Tengwen , Zhao Wei , He Longfei , Gao Fangliang , Li Shuti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the continuous miniaturization and integration of the semiconductor industry, micro/nanoscale integrated photonics has received extensive attention as a key technology for optical communication, optical storage, and optical interconnection. Here, a two‐in‐one device is reported with both unidirectional blue light emission and UV photodetection functions based on single trapezoidal PIN GaN microwire. By constructing a Fabry–Perot resonator cavity structure, the end‐emitting blue light‐emitting diode with a low turn‐on voltage (≈0.97 V) and high color purity (full width at half maximum ≈22 nm) is implemented. Furthermore, benefiting from the slow growth rate of the semipolar planes on both sides of the trapezoidal microwire and the high diffuse reflectivity of the patterned substrate, the trapezoidal microwire sides can be used as a high‐performance UV photodetector. In self‐driven mode, the device exhibits a large responsivity (0.218 A W−1), high external quantum efficiency (83.31%) and fast response speed (rise/decay time of 0.48/0.98 ms). Finally, the prepared two‐in‐one device is successfully integrated into ambient light UV monitoring and feedback system and tested. This work provides a novel strategy to combine luminescence with photodetection, demonstrating high potential for applications, such as on‐chip photonic integration, energy‐saving communication and ambient light monitoring and feedback system.
Effect of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow on the stretching/shrinking surface
Authors: Bhavana P. M. , Vanitha G. P. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Souayeh Basma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the present analysis, we investigate the magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) Casson fluid flow on the stretching/shrinking surface with mass suction/injection. The modeled boundary problem leads to highly partial differential equations, which are then transformed to ordinary differential equations by utilizing similarity variables. Finally, the resulting ordinary differential equations are explained analytically by using different controlling parameters and corresponding boundary conditions. The results of various parameters, for example, porous medium parameter, magnetic parameter, suction/injection parameter can be analyzed using graphical form. The outcomes of the investigation reveals that, for the stretching scenario, transverse velocity and tangential velocity both drop as the values of the Casson fluid parameter rise, whereas for the shrinking case, transverse velocity rises. The present problem has demands in industrial and engineering applications for instance glass filament, paper and food manufacture, crystal growth and liquid films, and printing technology.
High-Throughput Production and Optimization of Membrane Proteins After Expression in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Gamage Nadisha , Cheruvara Harish , Harrison Peter J. , Birch James , Hitchman Charlie J. , Olejnik Monika , Owens Raymond J. , Quigley Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh-quality protein samples are an essential requirement of any structural biology experiment. However, producing high-quality protein samples, especially for membrane proteins, is iterative and time-consuming. Membrane protein structural biology remains challenging due to low protein yields and high levels of instability especially when membrane proteins are removed from their native environments. Overcoming the twin problems of compositional and conformational instability requires an understanding of protein size, thermostability, and sample heterogeneity, while a parallelized approach enables multiple conditions to be analyzed simultaneously. We present a method that couples the high-throughput cloning of membrane protein constructs with the transient expression of membrane proteins in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and rapid identification of the most suitable conditions for subsequent structural biology applications. This rapid screening method is used routinely in the Membrane Protein Laboratory at Diamond Light Source to identify the most successful protein constructs and conditions while excluding those that will not work. The 96-well format is easily adaptable to enable the screening of constructs, pH, salts, encapsulation agents, and other additives such as lipids.