bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Discharge, Outpatient Evaluation, and Home Management of Acute Respiratory Failure from COVID-19 in Martinique
Authors: Agossou Moustapha , Provost Mathilde , Barnay José-Luis , Turmel Jean-Marie , Cécilia-Joseph Elsa , Resiere Dabor , Dramé Moustapha , _ _ 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
A worldwide pandemic of viral infection due to SARS-CoV-2 (and its resultant disease, COVID-19) has been ongoing since 2019. Martinique was affected by a major wave in summer 2021, with saturation of the health system forcing the implementation of home care management. We conducted a retrospective, observational study that included patients treated in the KOVIDHOM 972 program. We included adult patients with SARS-CoV2 hypoxemic pneumonia and requiring 4 L per minute or less of oxygen. In total, 418 were discharged to home with oxygen therapy after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 hypoxemic acute pneumonia, and 416 were analyzed. Half (50.2%) were women. Mean age was 58.8 ± 13.0 years. Time from onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 9.1 ± 3.5 days, and average length of stay was 10.5 ± 7.4 days. Maximum oxygen flow during hospitalization was 6.9 ± 4.5 L/min in patients who did not require intensive care. Average oxygen flow at discharge was 1.8 ± 07 L/min. At 30 days after discharge, the readmission rate was 0.5% (95% CI: 0–1.18), and the death rate was 0.5% (95% CI 0–1.18). Our study shows a very low rate of readmission or death in COVID-19 patients discharged to home with oxygen therapy. These results highlight the possibility of safe home care in carefully selected patients. Such programs could be useful in pandemic or wide-scale emergency situations.
Serological Markers of Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Infection in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Jeang Brook , Lee Ming-Chieh , Embury Paula , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Narum David , King Christopher , Tham Wai-Hong , Kazura James , Yan Guiyun , Dent Arlene 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
As malaria control and elimination efforts ramp up in Ethiopia, more sensitive tools for assessing exposure to coendemic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are needed to accurately characterize malaria risk and epidemiology. Serological markers have been increasingly explored as cost-effective tools for measuring transmission intensity and evaluating intervention effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a panel of 10 serological markers as a proxy for malaria exposure and to determine underlying risk factors of seropositivity. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in two sites of contrasting malaria transmission intensities in southwestern Ethiopia: Arjo in Oromia Region (low transmission) and Gambella in Gambella Regional State (moderate transmission). We measured antibody reactivity against six P. falciparum (AMA-1, CSP, EBA175RIII-V, MSP-142, MSP-3, RH2ab) and four P. vivax (DBPII[Sal1], EBP2, MSP-119, RBP2b) targets. We used mixed effects logistic regressions to assess predictors of seropositivity. Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was 1.36% in Arjo and 10.20% in Gambella. Seroprevalence and antibody levels against all 10 antigens were higher in Gambella than in Arjo. We observed spatial heterogeneities in seroprevalence across Arjo and smaller variations across Gambella. Seroprevalence in both sites was lowest against PfCSP and highest against PfAMA-1, PfMSP-142, and PvMSPS-119. Male sex, age, and agricultural occupation were positively associated with seropositivity in Arjo; associations were less pronounced in Gambella. Our findings demonstrate that seroprevalence and antibody levels to specific Plasmodium antigens can be used to identify high-risk groups and geographical areas where interventions to reduce malaria transmission should be implemented.
Site-Specific Incidence Rate of Blastocystis hominis and Its Association with Childhood Malnutrition: Findings from a Multi-Country Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Zaman Wahid Barbie , Haque Md Ahshanul , Gazi Md Amran , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
In this study, we investigated the potential association between the burden of asymptomatic Blastocystis spp. (Blastocystis hominis) infection and nutritional status among children under 2 years of age using the data collected from 1,715 children from eight distinct geographic locations, including Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Peru, Tanzania, Pakistan, Nepal, and South Africa. Childhood stunting, wasting, and underweight were the outcome variables, and B. hominis infection was the exposure variable of this present study. The presence of B. hominis in nondiarrheal stools was evaluated by TaqMan Array Cards. Site-specific incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression, and multiple generalized estimating equation was used to assess the association between the B. hominis infection and nutritional status. The site-specific incidence rates of asymptomatic B. hominis infections per 100 child-months were higher in Tanzania, Peru, and South Africa when compared with the other study sites. Moreover, in terms of site-specific association, childhood stunting was significantly associated with asymptomatic B. hominis infection in Bangladesh (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26–2.08), India (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.46–2.16), Nepal (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.60–3.21), Peru (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26–1.71), South Africa (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.35–1.83), and Tanzania (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.18–2.79) sites. Wasting was associated with B. hominis in the Brazil site only (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.31–7.77). On the other hand, underweight was associated in the Bangladesh (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.48–2.42), Brazil (OR: 4.41; 95% CI: 1.57–12.4), Nepal (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.52–3.35), and Tanzania (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.42–1.99) sites. Our analysis further reveals that the presence of additional pathogens may play a pathogenic role in children who have B. hominis infection.
The Burden of Arboviral Infections in the Military Health System 2012–2019
Authors: Wellington Trevor , Fraser Jamie A. , Kuo Huai-Ching , Hickey Patrick W. , Lindholm David A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Arboviral infections, including dengue (DNV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV), impact both travelers and native populations of endemic regions. We sought to assess the disease burden of arboviral infections in the Military Health System, the validity of arboviral diagnostic codes, and the role of pretravel counseling on insect avoidance precautions. We searched for diagnostic codes consistent with arboviral infection and grouped them into DNV, CHIKV, ZIKV, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Other. Demographic data were evaluated. A subset of charts in each category were reviewed for diagnostic validity and travel characteristics. In all, 10,547 unique subjects carried 17,135 arboviral diagnostic codes, including 1,606 subjects (15.2%) coded for DNV, 230 (2.2%) for ZIKV, 65 (0.6%) for CHIKV, and 4,317 (40.9%) for JEV. A chart review was performed on 807 outpatient charts, yielding outpatient diagnostic code positive predictive values of 60.5% (DNV), 15.3% (ZIKV), and 64.5% (CHIKV); there were no valid cases of JEV. Dengue represented the greatest burden of arboviral infections with 2.2 cases per 100,000 military healthcare enrollees over the 2012–2019 fiscal years. More than 80% of subjects with arboviral infection did not have documented pretravel counseling. Arboviral infections represent a significant disease burden in young travelers to endemic regions. After adjustment for diagnostic validity, DNV represented the greatest burden. Diagnostic codes for ZIKV and JEV overestimate the burden of these diseases. Low rates of pretravel visits represent an opportunity for increased emphasis on insect exposure precautions.
FOMGET KADIN FUTBOL TAKIMI SPORCULARININ BESLENME DURUMUNUN VE ORTOREKSİYA NERVOZA VARLIĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: UZDİL Zeynep , AKTEPE Semiha Nur 
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kadın futbol takımı sporcularının beslenme durumunun
ve ortoreksiya nervoza varlığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışmaya, Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Folklör
Müzik Gençlik Topluluğu ve Gençlik Spor Kulübü (FOMGET) kadın futbol takımı
sporcuları dahil edilmiştir. Yaşları 17.0±3.9 yıl arasında olan 34 kadın sporcuya
online anket formu uygulanmıştır. Anket formu ile genel tanımlayıcı özellikler,
spor ve sağlık bilgileri, boy uzunluğu ve vücut ağırlığı, beslenme alışkanlıkları,
besinlerin tüketim sıklığı, ortoreksiya nervoza (ON) varlığı (ORTO-11 ölçeği ile)
sorgulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılarak yapılmış ve
istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık için p
The Impact of Globalization on Leadership and Governance in Mali
Authors: Traore Souleymane 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impact of globalization on leadership and governance in Mali
Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The results show that globalization has had a profound impact on leadership and governance in the world today. Globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and its effects can be seen in virtually every sector of society. From economic and political systems to social and cultural norms, globalization has altered the way in which we view and interact with the world.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practices and Policies: The functionalism theory, realism theory and constructivism theory may be used to anchor future studies in the leadership and governance sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of private and public industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve leadership and governance performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective development policies in the leadership and governance will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
Industrialization and its impact on human health – a critical appraisal
Authors: Singh Gujral Hiteyjit , Singh Dr. GPI 
Published: April 2023

Industrialization is the process of applying mechanical, chemical, and electrical sciences to reorganize production, with inanimate sources of energy, to develop industries[38]. It is understood that as there is an increase in industrialization, it brings about a subsequent increase in living standards, economic prosperity, healthcare services and population as a result[1][2]. However, with this increase, there is a significant impact on the environment, specifically, air and water conditions. Most waste-intensive industries directly discharge wastes, including pesticides, chemicals, oil and heavy-metals into the nearby water bodies, thereby polluting it[3]: More than 80 toxins have been found in industrial pollutants, which are released into the air[7]. Toxins released from these industries into the air lead to 4.2 Million deaths a year[8], and these pollutants also impact the condition of human health, by certain toxins acting as carcinogens, disease carriers, infection catalysts, etc.
Other than these immediate effects, industrialization causes several long term impacts such as the acidity of oceans, due to high CO2 with predictions of extreme increases over the next century, leading to severe second order effects[9].

This report discusses the impact of industrialization on human health by taking a balanced view on advantages and disadvantages, possible courses of action and a personal perspective. The report evaluates the different factors of the issue, considering highly industrialized countries such as USA, along with the national perspective of India to finally conclude with how regulated industrialization is beneficial and advantageous.
Developing a Research-Based Strategy to Combat the Next Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Chandrasekar Sachin , Asmis Reto , Crowder Mark 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this project is to evaluate the course of COVID-19 with hindsight and use collected data and original research published regarding the pandemic to devise a strategy that would better mitigate the next Coronavirus pandemic. This project targets these specific areas of the mitigation response to COVID-19: Mask Wearing, Social Distancing and Travel Restrictions, Lockdowns and School Shutdowns/Remote learning, Testing/Contact Tracing, and Vaccination Rollout. The analysis of the collected research and data leads to the conclusion that increased mask wearing (along with combatting masking misinformation), increased strictness of social distancing and travel, improvements in testing infrastructure and rollout, reconsideration of school closures, and increased global access to vaccination are among the many ways to better the response to a Coronavirus pandemic in order to reduce the associated social and economic impacts.
The Mitigation of Pollution Induced by Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
Authors: Son Clara , Homan Mackenzie 
Published: April 2023

Through hazardous agricultural practices and waste mismanagement, America’s Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) emit a significant amount of water and air pollution that causes a myriad of environmental and human health problems. This is an issue that can be largely mitigated through the implementation of technical, legislative, and holistic solutions. The following technical solutions will be discussed: editing pollutant diets, deploying air cleansing within CAFO structures, sprinkling vegetable oil on CAFO grounds, converting methane to energy, binding waste lagoons with geosynthetic clay liners, and installing riparian buffers. Furthermore, legislative solutions entail revising and enforcing existing regulations, imposing reflexive law, mandating nutrient management plans, offering federal credits, and revisiting the Farm System Reform Act. Finally, holistic alternatives regard hog hoop barns, free-range grazing, and changing consumer preferences.
This paper will examine the issue of CAFOs and the specifics of the pollution they emit and will primarily focus on practical solutions to it. The methods used to contextualize the problem and discover possible solutions will be content and meta analysis research. Ultimately, the final take away was that combining technical and legal solutions–forcing physical change through legislative mandates–will cause the most significant reduction of CAFO pollution.
Innovative immunotherapy in the fight against cancer
Authors: Chakkera Shankar 
Published: April 2023

Over the past century, improvements in cancer therapy treatments have accelerated in the form of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy strengthens the body’s innate immune system by utilizing the full potential of T cells, an integral part of the body’s immune function. In more recent years, adoptive cellular therapy which is a form of immunotherapy has become an integral part of cancer therapy because of its specificity and personalized nature. In particular, CAR therapy is making significant progress in part due to its integration of synthetic receptors onto natural T cells. This essentially allows the body’s immune system to identify the advanced T-cell as one of its own but at the same time directly binding to cancer antigens and impairing the cancer cell’s function to reproduce. CAR therapy is currently FDA approved to treat multiple blood cancers including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and some forms of leukemia. CAR cells have achieved this success in blood cancers due to the antigens being present and readily detectable in the blood unlike within solid tumors wherein success is currently limited. However, with improvements in design like recognition of unique antigens, cytokine and switch receptors, and trafficking CARS, CAR T cells may ultimately be successful in treating solid tumors. These advancements can usher in a new era of lasting remission for uncurable cancers in the present day.
Dopamine and the Causes, Prevention, and Advanced Treatments of Parkinson’s Disease.
Authors: Nashid Jeremy , Kethar Jothsna 
Published: April 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Despite optimal medical management, PD still results in a high disability rate and secondary complications, and many patients lead a sedentary lifestyle, which in turn is also associated with a higher co-morbidity and mortality. Dopamine is a type of monoamine neurotransmitter. It is made in your brain and acts as a chemical messenger, communicating messages between nerve cells in your brain and the rest of your body. Dopamine is what motivates us to do something. Dopamine is a large factor in many of our day-to-day actions: it decides our mood, what we remember, and even how we move and act. This Dopamine and PD study is anticipated to inform those with PD of treatments that work better than others. Strong elements of this research paper include treatments such as MR-Guided focused Ultrasound, Gene Therapy, Park-in-Shape, and the rise of a PD Vaccine. This research paper's secondary goal is to inform those looking to avoid PD or who already have PD and wish to avoid the symptoms on how to avoid the symptoms of the disease. This Dopamine and PD study aims to explain what dopamine is, how it works, how it affects the body, and the effects of unhealthy levels of dopamine.
Military Conscription in the 21st Century: Obsolescence or Relevance?
Authors: Lee Glenn , Han Ja Kyung 
Published: April 2023

Post Russian invasion of Ukraine, questions about conscription have come into focus, prompting questions about military readiness and the value of such a policy. In analyzing the policy, international relations theories can act as a useful framework, and help elucidate conflict dynamics. In particular, Realism and Liberalism have contrasting depictions of the world, with the former characterizing it as an anarchic system in which states compete for power and security and the latter as a system in which states allay tensions through cooperation. This research draws upon these theories as it uses hypothesis testing—t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-squared statistics—to investigate the different attributes of countries as they relate to conscription policies. A wide range of variables were chosen including military expenditure, imports and exports, the Human Development Index, and the EIU Democracy Index in order to test statistically significant differences through the aforementioned tools. Overall, this research finds that both realist and liberal theories have explanatory power and provide insight into how desire for hard and soft power may impact decisions to enact and maintain conscription policies. Data and graphs were interpreted alongside such concepts in order to reach this conclusion.
Neurodegenerative Diseases and Potential Early Detection Methods
Authors: MAHESH Nitya , Donati Robert 
Published: April 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases create a significant financial and emotional toll on society. Prion diseases are a type of progressive neurodegenerative diseases that are irreversible and fatal. They are characterized by long incubation periods and defective protein folding that make them infectious. Other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s also have similar characteristics and are hence called prion-like diseases. Historically, these diseases were unable to be clearly diagnosed until significant progression had taken place. In fact, many diagnoses were not made until post mortem examination was performed. Early detection of these diseases is key to finding a cure. Other bodily structures could possibly reveal clues related to the presence of neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we introduce and explain the nature of the diseases, current detection methods and the future of early detection methods.
Recurrent osteoma of the mandible: A rare case report
Authors: Maben Sahana , A. Shetty Urvashi , Pradeep Lekshmi , D’Cruz Audrey 
Published: April 2023

Osteomas are well-defined osteogenic benign and slow-growing lesions pervaded by proliferation of mature cancellous or compact bone. Osteomas are often undetected until the patient experiences facial disfigurement with functional difficulty and pain. We present a case report of Recurrent osteoma seen in the mandibular jaw bone of a female patient, treated by surgical excision successfully.
Comparison of different varmam approaches by varmam practitioners of various places in Tamil Nadu in the treatment of thandaga vadham (lumbar spondylosis)
Authors: M. Logisha SriSakthi , G. Nivetha , M. Mustafa Mohamed , T. R. Siddiq Ali , N. J. Muthukumar , V. Mahalakshmi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Aim: Varmam is a unique technique used by Siddhars and followed by Siddha physicians. The Varmam technique is a double-edged sword as it could be used both positively and negatively and is taught only through Guru Kulakalvi (Guru- Seizhya manner) by Varmam practitioners to only a few students having Sivayogi characters. This study aims to recover and establish different Varmam approaches used in the treatment of Thandaga vadham from various assan practicing in different places of Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 9 Varmam assan were selected from 3 different zonal areas of Tamil Nadu. The survey involved mentor name, disease diagnosing methods, terms, precautions, patient preparation, Varmapulligal –location, technical methods, contraindications, Pathiyam-Abathiyam advice, etc.,

Results: Among 9 assan, the survey questionnaires give salient information about varmam therapy in that same anatomical location with multiple local terminologies, different kinds of technique and methodology, duration of technique, the importance of medication and Varma kanjikal etc.,

Conclusion: This study would help in initiating the standardization of varmam points and techniques as well as help Siddha practitioners in selecting/choosing varmam techniques and methods in the treatment of thandaga vadham.