bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of an amino acid-humus preparation on lawn boning value
Authors: Radkowski Adam , Radkowska Iwona , Khachatryan Karen , Kozdęba Michał , Bujak Henryk , Wolski Karol 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The application of biostimulants in fertilisation has been shown to enhance plant metabolism, stimulate physiological processes, and mitigate adverse environmental and pathogenic stresses. This study, conducted at the Agricultural University of Krakow (2021–2023), evaluated the efficacy of a foliar amino acid preparation enriched with humic acids (L-Amino + ® Humus) on turf quality. Four experimental variants were established: an untreated control (Variant I) and three treated plots sprayed with the biostimulant at 1.0 (Variant II), 2.0 (Variant III), and 3.0 L ha−1 (Variant IV). Higher application rates (Variants III and IV) significantly improved aesthetic turf quality and reduced fungal disease incidence. Compared to the control, Variant IV (3.0 L ha−1) decreased snow mould (Microdochium nivale) infections by 8% and brown spot (Rhizoctonia solani) prevalence by 12%. Variant III (2.0 L ha−1) also demonstrated positive effects, with 6% and 8% reductions in snow mould and brown spot, respectively. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and leaf greenness index (SPAD) chlorophyll meter values increased by 6% and 8%, respectively, in Variant IV relative to the control, indicating enhanced leaf greenness and photosynthetic efficiency. Nutrient analysis revealed that Variants III and IV significantly elevated macro- and micronutrient concentrations (e.g., nitrogen, potassium, iron) in plant biomass compared to the control. In contrast, Variant II (1.0 L ha−1) showed no statistically significant improvements in nutrient content or disease resistance. These findings suggest that L-Amino + ® Humus at doses of 2.0–3.0 L ha−1 enhances turf quality, bolsters resistance to fungal pathogens, and improves nutrient assimilation. Lower doses (1.0 L ha−1), however, were ineffective under the tested conditions. The study underscores the dose-dependent efficacy of biostimulants in sustainable turf management.
SMILES-based QSAR and molecular docking studies of chalcone analogues as potential anti-colon cancer
Authors: Askarzade Abolfazl , Ahmadi Shahin , Almasirad Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
QSAR modeling was applied to predict the anti-colon activity (against HT-29) of 193 chalcone derivatives using the Monte Carlo method, based on the index of ideality correlation (IIC) target function. The models were constructed using CORAL software, which employed optimal descriptors combining SMILES notation and hydrogen-suppressed molecular graphs (HSG). Among the developed models, Split #2 was identified as the best-performing model, with R2_validation = 0.90, IIC_validation = 0.81, and Q2_validation = 0.89. The mechanistic interpretation of the models, utilizing enhancing/reducing promoters, demonstrated that the models are capable of accurately predicting the pIC50 values of other chalcone derivatives with high robustness and precision. Based on these promoters, ten new compounds were selected from the ChEMBL database for pIC50 prediction, and molecular docking was performed using the protein with PDB ID:1SA0.
MF59-based lipid nanocarriers for paclitaxel delivery: optimization and anticancer evaluation
Authors: Attar Marzieh , Tash Shamsabadi Fatemeh , Soltani Alireza , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , khandoozi Seyed Reza , Teimourian Shahram , Shahbazi Majid , Erfani-Moghadam Vahid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. This study focuses on the development and optimization of novel paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) that incorporate components of MF59, an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant approved for use in influenza vaccines and known for its safety in humans. The formulation of these NLCs is designed to overcome significant challenges in PTX delivery, particularly its poor solubility and the side effects associated with traditional formulations containing Cremophor EL. We prepared two sets of NLC formulations using different liquid-to-solid lipid ratios through hot melt ultrasonication. Characterization of the selected formulations, NLCPre and NLCLec, was conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The mean diameters were 120.6 ± 36.4 nm and 112 ± 41.7 nm, with encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 85% and 82%, and drug loading (DL) of 4.25% and 4.1%, respectively for NLCPre and NLCLec. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that these MF59-based NLCs effectively target MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation) breast cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to normal HDF (human dermal fibroblasts) cells, thus enhancing the therapeutic index of PTX and offering promising clinical implications for breast cancer treatment.
Revealing the molecular interplay of coverage, wettability, and capacitive response at the Pt(111)-water solution interface under bias
Authors: Raffone Federico , Khatib Rémi , Sulpizi Marialore , Cucinotta Clotilde 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While electrified interfaces are crucial for electrocatalysis and corrosion, their molecular morphology remains largely unknown. Through highly realistic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the Pt(111)-water solution interface in reducing conditions, we reveal a deep interconnection among electrode coverage, wettability, capacitive response, and catalytic activity. We identify computationally the experimentally hypothesised states for adsorbed hydrogen on Pt, HUPD and HOPD, revealing their role in governing interfacial water reorientation and hydrogen evolution. The transition between these two H states with increasing potential, induces a shift from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic interface and correlates with a change in the primary electrode screening mechanism. This results in a slope change in differential capacitance, marking the onset of the experimentally observed peak around the potential of zero charge. Our work produces crucial insights for advancing electrocatalytic energy conversion, developing deep understanding of electrified interfaces.
Perceptual and semantic maps in individual humans share structural features that predict creative abilities
Authors: Seiler Johannes P.-H. , Elpelt Jonas , Ghobadi Aida , Kaschube Matthias , Rumpel Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building perceptual and associative links between internal representations is a fundamental neural process, allowing individuals to structure their knowledge about the world and combine it to enable efficient and creative behavior. In this context, the representational similarity between pairs of represented entities is thought to reflect their associative linkage at different levels of sensory processing, ranging from lower-order perceptual levels up to higher-order semantic levels. While recently specific structural features of semantic representational maps were linked with creative abilities of individual humans, it remains unclear if these features are also shared on lower level, perceptual maps. Here, we address this question by presenting 148 human participants with psychophysical scaling tasks, using two sets of independent and qualitatively distinct stimuli, to probe representational map structures in the lower-order auditory and the higher-order semantic domain. We quantify individual representational features with graph-theoretical measures and demonstrate a robust correlation of representational structures in the perceptual auditory and semantic modality. We delineate these shared representational features to predict multiple verbal standard measures of creativity, observing that both, semantic and auditory features, reflect creative abilities. Our findings indicate that the general, modality-overarching representational geometry of an individual is a relevant underpinning of creative thought.
The structure of basal body inner junctions from Tetrahymena revealed by electron cryo-tomography
Authors: Li Sam , Fernandez Jose-Jesus , Ruehle Marisa D , Howard-Till Rachel A , Fabritius Amy , Pearson Chad G , Agard David A , Winey Mark E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cilium is a microtubule-based eukaryotic organelle critical for many cellular functions. Its assembly initiates at a basal body and continues as an axoneme that projects out of the cell to form a functional cilium. This assembly process is tightly regulated. However, our knowledge of the molecular architecture and the mechanism of assembly is limited. By applying cryo-electron tomography, we obtained structures of the inner junction in three regions of the cilium from Tetrahymena: the proximal, the central core of the basal body, and the axoneme. We identified several protein components in the basal body. While a few proteins are distributed throughout the entire length of the organelle, many are restricted to specific regions, forming intricate local interaction networks in the inner junction and bolstering local structural stability. By examining the inner junction in a POC1 knockout mutant, we found the triplet microtubule was destabilized, resulting in a defective structure. Surprisingly, several axoneme-specific components were found to “infiltrate” into the mutant basal body. Our findings provide molecular insight into cilium assembly at the inner junctions, underscoring its precise spatial regulation.
Computer-Delivered Morphology-Focused Vocabulary Instruction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wood Carla , Torres-Chavarro Michelle , Tibi Sana , Schatschneider Christopher , Ke Fengfeng 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This study aimed to examine the effects of a computer-delivered morphology instruction on morphological knowledge (MK) of students in third grade and test whether the treatment had similar effects across students who differed in their initial MK performance.

Method:

We employed a randomized trial with randomization blocked within classrooms. Students (
N
= 263) in 14 third-grade classrooms in three schools were randomly assigned to a 6-week treatment or a wait-list comparison group that received business-as-usual instruction. The modules provided explicit instruction on derivational morphemes, roots and bases, and the meanings of derived words. Students assigned to treatment received individual log-ins to access the online program within their classrooms at least 3 times a week for 15–20 min per session. MK outcomes based on the Morphological Awareness Test for Reading and Spelling were assessed at the student level, using a gain score multilevel model approach to examine treatment effects.

Results:
The treatment had significant positive effects on MK skills for students in the treatment condition with an effect size of 0.33 for affix identification and 0.24 for suffix choice. Students with low MK performance at pretest demonstrated similar gains from the treatment as students who were high performing at the onset of the study.

Conclusions:
Computer-delivered supplemental instruction that includes explicit instruction on derivational morphology is associated with positive effects on students' MK. This finding has practical implications for minimizing the burden on teachers for implementation and enhancing language and literacy outcomes of students.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28439768
Sun-as-a-star analysis of simulated solar flares
Authors: Yu H. C. , Hong J. , Ding M. D. 
Published: February 2025

Context. Stellar flares have an impact on habitable planets. To relate the observations of the Sun with those of stars, one needs to use a Sun-as-a-star analysis, that is, to degrade the resolution of the Sun to a single point. With the data of the Sun-as-a-star observations, a simulation of solar flares is required to provide a systemic clue for the Sun-as-a-star study.
Aims. We aim to explore how the Sun-as-a-star spectrum varies with the flare magnitude and location based on a grid of solar flare models.
Methods. Using 1D radiative hydrodynamics modeling and multi-thread flare assumption, we obtained the spectrum of a typical flare with an enhancement of chromospheric lines.
Results. The Sun-as-a-star spectrum of the Hα line shows enhanced and shifted components, which are highly dependent on the flare magnitude and location. The equivalent width ΔEW is a good indicator of energy release. The bisector method can be used to diagnose the sign of the line-of-sight velocity in the flaring atmosphere. For both Hα and Hβ lines, the Sun-as-a-star spectrum of a limb flare tends to be wider and shows a dip in the line center. In particular, we propose two quantities to diagnose the magnitude and location of the stellar flares. Besides this, caution must be taken when calculating the radiation energy, since the astrophysical flux-to-energy conversion ratio is dependent on the flare location.
N-doped MoS2 nanoflowers for the ultrasonic-vibration-driven high piezoelectric catalytic degradation
Authors: Kong Dezheng , Wu Rong , Chen Yutong , Yue Jianyong , Zhang Chen 
Published: February 2025

In this study, N-doped few-layer MoS2 piezocatalysts were successfully prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method with urea as a nitrogen source. Benefiting from the optimized proportion of minority layers at edge positions and higher conductivity by N doping, the optimal N-doped few-layer MoS2 (120 mg of added urea) sample showed the optimal piezocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B (RhB) and levofloxacin (LEV), reaching 84.6 and 73.1% with the reaction kinetic rate constant of 0.020 86 and 0.017 05 min−1, respectively. In addition, the generation of superoxide radicals (·O2−) from the 120-MoS2 sample was determined to be greater than that from the 0-MoS2 sample in the piezocatalyst process by free radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance tests. Based on experimental data, a potential mechanism has been proposed to explain the enhanced piezocatalyst performance of N-doped few-layer MoS2. This research sheds new light on the development of efficient, cost-effective MoS2 piezoelectric catalysts through the doping of non-metallic dopants.
Effects of amino-acid functionalization and pH value on temperature-dependent water dynamics in silica confinement
Authors: Steinrücken Elisa , Diehl Lukas , Wissel Till , Buntkowsky Gerd , Varol H. Samet , Andrieu-Brunsen Annette , Vogel Michael 
Published: February 2025

2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) field-cycling relaxometry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) studies show that water dynamics in silica pores with similar diameters (∼6 nm) strongly depend on the functionalization of the inner surfaces. In all studied confinements, we observe two prominent changes in the temperature dependence of water reorientation. Specifically, the activation energy of Ea ∼ 0.3 eV in the fully liquid state more than triples to Ea ∼ 1.0 eV upon partial crystallization at Tm ∼ 258 K. Furthermore, in the partially crystallized state, the liquid fraction shows a dynamical crossover at ∼185 K, where the common low-temperature behavior of confined water with Ea = 0.4–0.5 eV is established. However, the correlation times of water reorientation are up to two orders of magnitude longer in amino-acid functionalized silica pores than in pristine ones. Comparing the results for different functional groups, NMR and BDS consistently show that the slowdown is strongest for basic lysine followed by neutral alanine and, finally, acidic glutamic acid. Based on this order, one may speculate that the changed dynamics are a consequence of different pH values of water in confinements with different functional groups. Although pH measurements confirm that the pH value strongly depends on the amino-acid functionalization, this speculation must be rejected due to the observation that water with very different pH values does not show diverse reorientation dynamics when enclosed in identical pores.
And tonight, shocking revelations about TV news
broadcasts
Authors: Biber Douglas , Reppen Randi , Wizner Stacey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
TV news broadcasts (TVNBs) represent an unusual mix of
oral/literate situational characteristics. In addition, TVNBs have shifted
historically to become increasingly focused on ‘soft’ human-interest stories.
Thus, we have good reason to predict that present-day TVNBs will incorporate a
hybrid blend of oral and literate lexico-grammatical characteristics.
The present study explores this possibility through a
corpus-based analysis of TVNBs compared to conversation and newspaper writing.
In part, the results confirm these prior expectations. Surprisingly, though, a
more detailed analysis shows that this mixture of situational characteristics
has given rise to a unique grammatical style of discourse rather than a hybrid
style. In particular, TVNBs can be analyzed to a large extent as main clauses
where the finite verb has been deleted. This discourse style is interesting
because it cannot be attributed to challenging production circumstances. Rather,
the functional motivation seems related to creating a perception of urgency and
excitement.
Correlation-pattern-based orbital angular momentum entanglement measurement through neural networks
Authors: Zhao Jiaxian , Liu Zhifeng , Tu Chenghou , Li Yongnan , Wang Hui-Tian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-dimensional (HD) entanglement of photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) is pivotal for advancing quantum communication and information processing, but its characterization remains significant challenges due to the complexity of quantum state tomography and experimental limitations such as low photon counts caused by losses. Here, we propose a pre-trained physics-informed neural network (PTPINN) framework that enables efficient and rapid reconstruction of HD-OAM entangled states under low photon counts. Experimental results show that the fidelity of five-dimensional OAM entanglement reaches F = 0.958 ± 0.010 even with an exposure time as short as 50 ms. This highlights the capability of PTPINN to achieve high-precision quantum state reconstruction with limited photons, owing to its innovative designs, thus overcoming the reliance on high photon counts typical of traditional methods. Our method provides a practical and scalable solution for high-fidelity characterization of HD-OAM entanglement in environments with low photon numbers and high noise, paving the way for robust long-distance quantum information transmission.
Enhancing IoT security with threshold switching-based unified security primitives
Authors: Zhang Guobin , Kan Jianhao , Fan Xuemeng , Luo Qi , Sun Jiabao , Gao Dawei , Zhang Yishu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the era of big data and the Internet of Things (IoT), the surge in data volume and widespread interconnectivity of devices make hardware a key node in a vast network ecosystem. Developing state-of-the-art secure IoT hardware is necessary and critical. In this paper, we have successfully realized a unified security hardware integrating Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) and True Random Number Generator (TRNG) functions by constructing a 32×32 1T1R array based on threshold switching (TS) memristor cells. By analyzing in detail the chemical properties of FeOx films and the electrical properties of TS memristors, we verified that the prepared TS devices have good cyclic stability and randomness. Utilizing these properties, we realized a PUF system with high uniformity, uniqueness, and reliability, and successfully deployed a TRNG based on the CTR_DRBG algorithm. In addition, by passing the NIST-900 test, we further demonstrated that the generated PUFs and TRNGs have excellent randomness, which meets the stringent requirements of IoT devices in terms of security and privacy protection. The proposed unified security hardware not only demonstrates the potential application of TS memristor in hardware security, but also provides new ideas for solving the integration and energy efficiency problems of security hardware in IoT devices.&#xD;
Modulational instability in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Otajonov Sherzod , Umarov Bakhram , Abdullaev F Kh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the modulational instability of plane wave solutions within a modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation framework. The equation features cubic and quartic nonlinearity. It models the behaviour of quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in symmetric Bose-Bose mixtures of ultra-dilute cold atoms. The cases of equal amplitudes in both species, as well as of unequal amplitudes are studied. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role of the competition between mean-field attractions and quantum fluctuation-induced repulsions. This competition significantly affects the emergence and evolution of modulational instability. By employing linear stability analysis, we identify the essential conditions that lead to modulational instability. We find that the stability of plane wave solutions significantly depends on the interaction among system parameters. Further development of the instability leads to the fragmentation of the BEC into a chain of quantum droplets. We calculated the number of quantum droplets generated during the nonlinear stage of the instability. Our analytical results are corroborated by numerical simulations of the modified quasi-1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation. These simulations vividly depict the formation, interaction, and coalescence of droplets during the nonlinear phase of modulational instability. The investigation shows that the linear stability analysis of the modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation, considering quantum fluctuations, precisely predicts the initial stage of modulational instability phenomena across different domains of parameter space. In contrast, the later nonlinear stage, studied through numerical simulations, reveals the formation and nonintegrable dynamics of quantum droplets.
Impact of error fields and error field correction on heat fluxes in SPARC
Authors: Munaretto Stefano , Kleiner Andreas , Churchill R M , Corona Rivera L.D. , Looby Tom , Scotto d'Abusco Manuel , Wingen Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using a single toroidal array of coils to reduce the m,n=2,1 resonant error field produced by the misalignment of the axisymmetric coils in SPARC can result in the enhancement of the local divertor heat fluxes. Managing high divertor heat fluxes (q∥ ≈ 10 GW/m2) poses a challenge for compact tokamak devices such as SPARC. The presence of non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations adds complexity to the problem by generating intricate 3D edge magnetic topologies that alter the heat flux distributions on the target plates.&#xD;The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of the error field correction (EFC) on the heat fluxes at the divertor plates in SPARC. The MHD code M3DC1 has been used to simulate the 3D magnetic perturbations generated by the shift and tilt of several axisymmetric coils within specified tolerances, as well as from the array of error field correction coils located at the midplane. Using a heuristic model that extends the concept of an axisymmetric heat flux layer to 3D plasmas, the resultant heat flux distributions is derived from magnetic footprints calculated with the MAFOT code. The results show that the EFC could either decrease or further enhance the local heat flux when used to correct the m,n=2,1 resonant error field to enhance the core plasma performance.