bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Fracture Initiation Points by In-Well Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Leggett Smith , Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill Alfred Daniel , Kerr Erich 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) exploits the optical phase shift of Rayleigh backscatter in fiber-optic cables to obtain distributed measurements of changes in strain and temperature. Fiber-optic cables are often installed for multistage hydraulic fracture diagnostics in horizontal wells. LF-DAS in an untreated well provides far-field strain measurements, while offset wells are hydraulically fractured. Such a configuration is called crosswell LF-DAS sensing. Crosswell LF-DAS measurements have proved useful in diagnosing fracture hits, fracture azimuth, planarity, cluster efficiency, fracture propagation rates, and the dynamic distance to the fracture front. In contrast, in-well LF-DAS is conducted on the actively fractured well. Due to cool fracture fluid being injected at high injection rates, the strain component of the LF-DAS response is largely obscured by temperature changes. In permanent fiber-optic cable installations, distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is often conducted simultaneously with LF-DAS. An opportunity exists to decouple the temperature and strain components of LF-DAS sensors to observe strain changes on in-well LF-DAS.
The LF-DAS response is modeled as linearly dependent on strain and temperature changes. Theoretical LF-DAS temperature and strain sensitivity coefficients are derived based on the changes to the index of refraction and length of the fiber. Using the DTS measurements, temperature changes are computed, smoothed, filtered, and compared to the LF-DAS response. Crossplots of the in-well LF-DAS measurements and temperature changes from DTS measurements far from the actively fractured region are used to validate the theoretical sensitivity coefficients. Uncertainty in the temperature component of the LF-DAS response is quantified. The difficulty in corresponding the different spatial and temporal resolutions of the DTS and LF-DAS measurements is overcome by comparing the responses over a moving temporal and spatial window. If the LF-DAS response at the center of the window agrees with the DTS response within uncertainty, the measurement is filtered out. After filtering, the remaining nonzero in-well LF-DAS measurements are due to changes in strain. The data are then visualized in waterfall plots.
The results indicate that the theoretical and observed strain and temperature coefficients agree within 10%. After the temperature component of the in-well LF-DAS response is extracted, the remaining nonzero measurements are located primarily within the actively treated region. Locations with peaks in the strain response are interpreted to indicate fracture initiation points. These fracture initiation points are compared with in-well DTS and high-frequency DAS noise measurements across multiple stages to better understand fracture initiation along the horizontal well.
Anisotropic Evolution of Effective Stress and Pore Pressure during Coalbed Methane Drainage
Authors: Zhang Taiyuan , Chen Shida , Tang Dazhen 
Published: April 2023

Summary
The anisotropy and dynamic variation in permeability of gas-adsorbing coals have a significant influence on fluid flow behavior in the cleat system. The assumption of a constant anisotropy coefficient (the ratio between permeability components in orthogonal directions) has been traditionally made to simplify the seepage-stress coupling analytical model. In this approach, the pressure drop of the coalbed is separated into desorption and nondesorption areas. To evaluate the effective stress, pore pressure, permeability distribution, and variable anisotropy coefficient more accurately, analytical formulas were developed that consider elastic mechanics and methane sorption. The results show that the anisotropy coefficient can be dynamic when cleat compressibility anisotropy exists. Pressure contours are a set of ellipses that increase in eccentricity from the near-wellbore area to the pressure drop boundary, leading to corresponding anisotropy changes in effective stress and permeability. The gas desorption-related matrix shrinkage effect causes a discontinuous pressure drop gradient at the boundary between desorption and nondesorption areas, resulting in nonsmooth pressure drop curves. The pressure gradient difference changes with the radius of the desorption area and is nonisotropic, with the high-permeability direction showing a greater difference than the low-permeability direction. These results indicate that the dynamic anisotropy coefficient has a significant impact on coalbed drainage and extraction. Compared to previous mathematical models, which assumed permeability isotropy or constant anisotropy coefficient in cleat systems, the proposed model provides a more accurate method to evaluate pressure and permeability distribution.
A pilot clinical study of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treatment via foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling
Authors: Li Cheng , Zhang Baike , Tan Xiao , Jia Yong , Guo Lisha , Wang Chunlei , Xing Yaofan , Li Qiaoyun , Tian Xuemin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the feasibility of and identify problems in treating complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling.
Methods: This prospective clinical study enrolled five patients with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling at the 988th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Force, China. During the 24-week follow-up period, the patients underwent measurements of their best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and visual field testing. Additionally, B-ultrasound and fundus photography of the patients’ retinal reattachments helped evaluate the treatment’s post-surgery efficacy. We determined the safety of foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling based on infection, eye pain, diplopia, elevated intraocular pressure, and other postoperative severe complications.
Results: All five patients' complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were successfully treated and evaluated via B-ultrasound and fundus photography after surgery. Visual acuity was enhanced in four patients 24 weeks after surgery, while the remaining patients developed diplopia after surgery. No other complications were observed.
Conclusion: This pilot study preliminarily determined that foldable capsular buckle scleral buckling is feasible for efficient and safe treatment of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These results support this surgery as a potential and novel alternative to current extraocular procedures for treating complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Trial registration: The prospective observational clinical study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee and registered at the clinical research center in the 988th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Force, China (9882019000).
Whole-Ecosystem Climate Manipulation Effects on Total Mercury within a Boreal Peatland
Authors: Pierce Caroline , Psarska Sona , Stewart Brandy D. , Oleheiser Keith C. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Gutknecht Jessica L. M. , Kolka Randall K. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Nater Edward A. , Toner Brandy M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mercury is a ubiquitous pollutant that accumulates in peatlands, an ecosystem highly sensitive to climate change. We examined the effects of increasing temperature and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on the concentration of total mercury (THg) in peatland soil and porewater. This research was performed at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, an ecosystem-scale manipulation in an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota, USA, which includes five temperature levels (above- and below-ground warming), with ambient or enhanced CO2 concentration. Increasing temperature led to increased THgporewater concentrations and these increases were correlated with physical (water table height) and chemical (pH, dissolved sulfate, total dissolved iron, solid-state sulfur speciation) environmental factors. The ratio of THgpeat to THgporewater decreased with warming, indicating that THg moved from the peat into porewater. In the top portion of the depth profile (0 cm to -40 cm), a net movement of THg from peat to porewater was observed with elevated CO2. This finding is likely due to indirect effects of elevated CO2 such as the lowering of the water table and changes in the proportion of plant species. Porewaters had more detectable changes in THg than peat. Peat with higher proportions of organic disulfide were observed to retain more THg in the solid phase than peat with higher proportions of organic monosulfide (thiols). Overall, we observed that temperature and CO2 had significant but subtle effects on THg in porewater. Our findings indicate with projected climate change, we may see some enhanced concentrations of THg available for export to surface waters. However, the first three years of temperature and CO2 treatments suggest that this could be a relatively small change to local surface water loadings.
Outcomes Of Women With Preeclampsia And Eclampsia Admitted In The Intensive Care Unit At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Mogadishu, Somalia.
Authors: Hilowle Nasra Mohamud , Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Ali Khadija Yusuf , Köprülü Diyar , Waberi Mohamud Mire , Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Altinel Ercan , Hassan Mohamed Omar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Intensive care for a hypertensive mother with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia is crucial for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study highlights the level of morbidity and mortality of women with preeclampsia and eclampsia admitted in the intensive care unit. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, Turkish Training and Research Hospital from February 2019 to July 2022. The study focused on the different complications, managements, and final outcomes of preeclampsia and eclampsia mothers admitted to the intensive care unit. The data was retrieved from the electronic records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Results: During our study period, a total of 237 patients were identified to have preeclampsia/eclampsia, of which 71 patients required intensive care admission. The mean age of the studied patients was 25 ± 6years. The most common reason for being taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) was having a seizure (n = 33, 46.5%), followed by having very high blood pressure (n = 20, 28.2%), and being confused (n = 18, 25.3%). Peripartum infection was the most common maternal complication during ICU admission (66.7%), followed by cardiac-related arrhythmia (66.7%), postpartum bleeding (48%), acute kidney injury (18.4%), HELLP syndrome (16.4%), severe anemia (9.6%), and stroke (8.7%). Among patients, 65 (91.5%) needed mechanical ventilation. About 11.1% of these patients died during hospitalization. There were associations between mortality and some complications, particularly acute kidney injury (p-value less than 0.02) and peripartum infection (p-value less than 0.003). Conclusion: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia) requiring intensive care unit admission has a very high morbidity and mortality rate
Geranium robertianum L. tolerates various soil types burdened with heavy metals
Authors: Hasanović Mujo , Čakar Jasmina , Hajro Anesa Ahatović , Murtić Senad , Subašić Mirel , Bajrović Kasim , Durmić-Pašić Adaleta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are crucial micronutrients for the growth and development of plants, however, human activities such as mining, smelting, and fertilizers have led to toxic levels of HMs in soil. Fortunately, many plant species have developed incredible adaptive mechanisms to survive and thrive in such harsh environments. As a widespread and ruderal species, Geranium robertianum L. inhabits versatile soil types, both polluted and unpolluted. Considering the ubiquity of G. robertianum, the study aimed to determine whether geographically distant populations can tolerate HMs. We collected soil and plant samples from serpentine, an anthropogenic heavy metal contaminated, and a non-metalliferous site to study the physiological state of G. robertianum. HMs in soil and plants were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure the total content of chlorophylls a and b, total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proline. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the potential correlation between HMs concentrations gathered from various soil types and plant samples and biochemical data acquired for plant material. A statistically significant difference was observed for all localities regarding secondary metabolite parameters. A positive correlation between Ni and Zn in soil and Ni and Zn in plant matter was observed (p<0.0005) indicating higher absorption. Regardless of high concentrations of heavy metals in investigated soils, G. robertianum displayed resilience and was capable of thriving. These results may be ascribed to several protective mechanisms that allow G. robertianum to express normal growth and development and act as a pioneer species.
How Does Logistics Contribute to Carbon Emissions in Turkey?
Authors: Bayat Tugrul , İlarslan Kenan , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Increasing carbon emissions (CO2) due to factors such as energy consumption (enco), industrialization, increase in world population, and decrease in green areas with the industrial revolution is one of the main causes of both climate change and global warming. Developments in an area containing risk factors that may affect businesses, countries, and the whole world. It is aimed to determine the impacts of financial development (findev), GDP per capita (pgdp) energy consumption, and amount of freight carried by rail and road on CO2 emissions within the framework of 1990-2021 time-series data for Turkey. By doing so, we employ the ARDL bound testing cointegration test and observe that independent variables have similar and different effects on CO2 emissions. Energy consumption, findev, and per capita income variables have a positive effect on CO2 emissions in Turkey. The effect of rail and road freight transport (FT) on CO2 emissions is negative. Although it is expected that the railway FT will contribute negatively to environmental pollution (EPol), the most interesting finding obtained from the study is related to road FT. The amount of freight transported by road has a decreasing effect on CO2 emissions in Turkey. This paradoxical situation in Turkey may be due to the developments in the transportation infrastructure, which has enabled the convergence of space and time in recent years, young and modern vehicle fleets, and the efficiency provided through logistics companies.
Jel Classification: C58, G00, Q53, R40
Living with polypharmacy: A narrative interview study with older Pakistanis in East London
Authors: Sultan Najia , Swinglehurst Deborah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Polypharmacy is a growing and major public health issue. It can be burdensome and risky for patients and costly to healthcare systems. Older adults and those from ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by polypharmacy. This study focuses on medication practices among Urdu-speaking Pakistani patients, a significant ethnic group in the UK. Most existing research on medication practices within South-Asian communities focuses on adherence, leaving the social and moral dimensions of polypharmacy practices unpacked. Understanding how British Pakistani patients understand and manage polypharmacy in the context of their daily lives is crucial to optimising medication practices and avoiding harmful polypharmacy.Methods We interviewed 15 first-generation Pakistani patients, prescribed ten or more regular medications (a pragmatic marker of ‘higher risk’ polypharmacy). Participants were aged over 50 and were recruited from GP practices in East London. They completed an in-depth interview at home, conducted with a bilingual researcher. Interviews were designed to elicit narratives of patients’ experiences of polypharmacy in the context of their biographies and daily lives.Results Polypharmacy is enacted through networks of interpersonal and socio-material relationships. The doctor-patient relationship and the family network held particular significance to study participants. In addition, participants described emotional bonds between themselves and their medicines, identifying them as ‘forces for good’ - substances which allowed them to maintain their health through the intercession of God. Meanings attributed to medicines and enacted through these social, emotional, and spiritual relationships contributed to emerging and sustaining polypharmacy.Conclusions Patients integrate treatments into their daily lives in culturally specific ways. For older Pakistani patients, medication becomes intricately connected with participants’ commitments to their faith and social networks. Clinicians must better understand the way medication functions as a tool for communication and a symbol of these wider commitments to be able to have meaningful and effective conversations with patients about their medicines. Engaging with the cultural and moral values that patients ascribe to their medicines is likely to be crucial to the success of programmes aimed at medicines optimisation. Our findings contribute to enabling the integration of culturally sensitive approaches to prescribing practices.
Fine mapping of the Cepaea nemoralis shell colour and mid-banded loci using a high-density linkage map
Authors: Johansen Margrethe , Saenko Suzanne , Schilthuizen Menno , Blaxter Mark , Davison Angus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Molluscs are a highly speciose phylum that exhibit an astonishing array of colours and patterns, yet relatively little progress has been made in identifying the underlying genes that determine phenotypic variation. One prominent example is the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis, for which classical genetic studies have identified around nine loci that control shell colour variation, several of which are physically linked and inherited together as a ‘supergene’. As a first step towards characterising and identifying the loci underlying the polymorphism, we used whole genome resequencing of individuals from a laboratory cross to construct a high-density linkage map, and then used trait mapping to identify 95% confidence intervals for the chromosomal regions that contain the supergene, specifically the colour locus (C), and the unlinked mid-banded locus (U). The final linkage map is made up of 215,593 markers, ordered into 22 linkage groups, with one large group making up ~27% of the genome. The C locus was mapped to a ~1.3 cM region on linkage group 11, and the U locus mapped to a ~0.7 cM region on linkage group 15. The linkage map will serve as an important resource for further evolutionary and population genomic studies of C. nemoralis and related species, as well as identification of candidate loci within the supergene and the mid-banding phenotype.
Comparative Effectiveness of School-based Exercise Interventions on Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jin , Yang Yuhang , Zhang Junjie , Yu Huasen , Li Liqiang , Sun Youping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Schools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness among young students remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting.
METHODS: An online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SportDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials of different exercise interventions were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework.
RESULTS: A total of 66 studies with 8578 participants (48% girls) were included in the study. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = -0.60 kg·m-2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.04 to -0.15), elevating VO2max (MD=3.59 mL·kg−1·min-1, 95% CI= 2.45 to 4.74), and 20-meter sprint performance (MD = -0.35 s, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.14). Aerobic training had the highest probability of reducing waist circumference (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.88 to -0.32). Active video games emerged as a promising modality for improving countermovement jump (MD = 2.43 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 4.80) and shuttle running performance (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.43). Strength training was the best exercise mode for improving standing long jump performance (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.98) while combined training was rated the first for decreasing body fat percent (MD = -2.56%, 95% CI = -4.73 to -0.40) and increasing push-up repetitions (SMD = 3.59, 95% CI = 0.81 to 6.37).
CONCLUSIONS: School-based exercise interventions have multiple effects on physical fitness. The findings of this study will help to inform physical education teachers and coaches how best to deliver exercise programs in a school setting. Since the study was limited by the original research, the conclusions will require further verification using high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Effect of conjugation in 4-amino phenazone based Schiff bases on their chemosensing of F- and OH- ions - Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Batool Madeeha , Farooqui Saneeya Rasheed , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Tabassum Sobia , Junaid Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Selectivity and sensitivity of A (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) and B (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxynaphthylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) toward different anions i.e. Cl-, I-, H2PO4-, Br-, SCN-, HSO4-, F- and OH- in acetonitrile was determined using naked eye sensing and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Studies showed a prominent color change from colorless to yellow and a concomitant UV-Vis red shift on addition of F- and OH- to A and B both. In order to understand the mechanism of interaction between anions (F- and OH-) and Schiff base receptors (A and B), DFT calculations have also been performed which revealed a a proton transfer mechanism from Schiff base to F- and OH-. However, the interaction between B and OH- proved to be unstable. Moreover, a gradual increase in fluoride and hydroxide ions concentration resulted in gradual color intensification. The detection limits of fluoride were determined to be 4.09x10-5M with A, 1.32 x10-5 M with B and hydroxyl ion 2.12x10-5M with A using calibration curves. Findings of the Job’s plot investigation indicated a 1:1 binding of F-with both A and B and OH- with A. The binding constant (Ka) values of OH- and F- with A are 1.51x108 M-1 and 4.98 × 106 M-1 respectively, whereas, B has a Ka value of 2.45x103M-1 with F-.