bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Tuberculosis Laboratories and Biosafety Practices among Laboratory Health Workers in Two Selected States in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Dr. Adekunle Olatayo , Desalu O O , Fadare O J 
Published: January 2023

Background: Occupational tuberculosis among mycobacteriology laboratory workers has received insufficient attention especially in countries with high burden of tuberculosis despite the associated greater risk than the general population. The aim of the study was to conduct a risk assessment of tuberculosis (TB) laboratories and biosafety Practices among laboratory health workers.
Method: A descriptive study conducted among the laboratory health workers involved primarily in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in two selected states in Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire based on tuberculosis laboratory procedure risk assessment was self-administered by consenting laboratory workers. Data obtained were based on the degree of exposure, viability of bacilli, aerosol generation, laboratory configuration, typology and fitness of the staff to work in the TB laboratory. Risk assessment of tuberculosis (TB)laboratories and biosafety practices was determined by these sets of questions and categorized into low, middle and high risk.
Results: Fifty-eight (58) of the 64 laboratory health workers participated in the study. Their average age was 38.8±7.6 years and male to female ratio of 1 to 1.4 and 82.7% had worked in the TB laboratory for
less than 10 years. The calculated risk for occupational TB was low 55(94.8%) and moderate 3(5.2%) without any of the respondents having high risk. With regards to laboratory practices, majority of the respondents (91.4%) did not reuse slides for smear staining, 81.0% admitted that the laboratories were well-ventilated and75% regarded their laboratories safe to work. However, pre- employment screening for TB, HIV, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease was done in 3(5.2%), 7(12.1%), 2(3.4%) and 1(1.7%) respectively.
Conclusion: The result of this study shows that the risk of laboratory health workers exposure to tuberculosis (TB) and potential hazard is low, however moreattention be given to infection control policies and pre-employment screening for TB.
Gestational Gigantomastia
Authors: Musa Gerald , Malumani M , Teyangesikayi G 
Published: January 2023

Gestational gigantomastia (GG) or gravidic macromastia is defined as a disorder characterized by a diffuse, extreme and incapacitating enlargement of one or both breast during pregnancy. Gestational Gigantomastia is a very rare condition with a little over a 100cases reported in history. Gigantomastia has been seen to occur in the face of normal hormonal profile. Due to increase in breast mass, the overlying skin is stretched and may undergo necrosis which in the face of pregnancy can cause severe mastitis and haemorrhage.
We present a rare case of GG in a 36-year-old para 7 gravida 8, Zambian woman at 28weeks gestation with classical features of typical GG with normal hormonal profile with respect with pregnancy. She was managed conservatively on Bromocriptine 5mg once a day during pregnancy and postpartum until breast size had reduced to near normal pre- pregnancy size.
We report a rare case of “True gigantomastia which develops rapidly during pregnancy, undergoes regression after delivery, and recurs with subsequent pregnancies” in Zambia.
Predictors and Outcomes Associated with Household Hunger in Lusaka, Zambia: Secondary Analysis of a Citywide Survey
Authors: Chi Dr. Ben , Fuseini N M , Halwiindi H , Winston J , Stoner C D M , Martin S L , Kusanthan T , Banda R , Rathod S , Stringer J S A 
Published: January 2023

Background: Food insecurity has important social and health consequences for affected individuals and households. We sought to measure one aspect of food insecurity—household hunger—and evaluated its possible association with household morbidity and mortality.
Methods: We analyzed data from the final two rounds of a repeat cross-sectional, population-based survey conducted in Lusaka Zambia (May and August 2011). Using the Household Hunger Scale, we categorized participating households into three groups using established convention in the public health literature: little to no hunger, moderate hunger, and severe hunger. We used multilevel logistic regression to investigate associations between household hunger and the following morbidities, adjusting for individual, household, and cluster characteristics: malaria, persistent cough, tuberculosis, diarrhea, hospitalization, and death.
Results: Overall, 90.0%, (95%CI: 88.1–91.7%) participating households were considered to have little to no household hunger; 9.8% (95%CI: 8.2–11.6%) reported moderate household hunger; and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1–0.4%) reported severe household hunger. Marital status, functional status, education, employment, household member requiring nursing care, and household wealth index were associated with all levels of hunger. Adjusted for individual and household characteristics and sampling cluster, hunger was associated with malaria (OR:1.29, 95%CI:1.03–1.63 [mild] and OR:3.68, 95% CI:1.76 –13.74 [severe]), persistent cough (OR:1.64, 95%CI:1.13–2.38 [mild]),
tuberculosis (OR:2.24, 95%CI:1.45–3.46 [mild], OR:6.06; 95%CI:1.56–23.57 [severe]), and
hospitalization (OR:1.95; 95%CI:1.38–2.76 [mild]; OR:5.52; 95%CI:1.78-17.16 [severe]).Household hunger was not associated with death (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Household hunger was associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Although further studies are needed, our findings suggest that programs to alleviate household hunger—an important aspect of food insecurity—could lead to measurable public health impacts.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
HFIAS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale HHS Household Hunger Scale
HOH Head of household
Fertility Desires of Women Following Manual Vacuum Aspiration for Incomplete Abortion at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka
Authors: Mubambe Mulaya , Vwalika B 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To explore and determine the fertility desires of women who underwent Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) procedure for the management of incomplete abortion at The University Teaching Hospitals (UTH) Women and new born hospital emergency gynaecology ward.
Methods: An unmatched case control study design with 142 women who had undergone an MVA enrolled into the study while the 142 controls were sampled from women attending the antenatal clinic with pregnancies below age of viability. Systematic random sampling with a sampling interval of 5 was used to select both cases and controls. Data was collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire. Association between fertility desire (birth interval) and demographic and socioeconomic factors was determined by bivariate analysis. Odds ratios were used to determine statistical significance. Associations with a p-valueof <0.05 were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Logistic regression showed that post-MVA most women would like to wait for 2 years or more before the next pregnancy (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis model after adjusting for confounders also showed that exposure to MVA procedure was a statistically significant factor (p<0.001, 95%CI 2.281, 14.153) associated with determining future fertility desire. In bivariate analysis, statistically significant factors included residence, religion, having experienced a miscarriage before and type of contraceptive method chosen after counseling. On average 50% of the cases of abortions were incomplete abortions with most of them managed with MVA procedure and experiences by the women post-MVA were different. Of the 142 women who underwent MVA, 56 described the pain as severe with 89 accepting to undergo a similar procedure in future should need arise while 53 would not. Ninety women preferred to wait for more than two years before the next pregnancy while 45 wanted to try for another pregnancy earlier, which is in conflict with the options for contraception, more preferred short acting methods.
Conclusion: Manual Vacuum Aspiration had a negative effect on preferred birth interval, with a significant number of women post MVA desiring to wait two or more years before the next pregnancy despite the poor outcome of the index pregnancy. Most of the women cited the pain and the discomfort from the procedure as the main reason for the preferred birth interval. Other independent variables
Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Term Assisted Breech Deliveries at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Kasela J , Ahmed Y , Vwalika B 
Published: January 2023

Background: Breech presentation occurs when the fetus presents with buttocks or feet first. Globally, the incidence of breech is 3-4% at term. The safest mode of delivery for most breeches at term is still controversial despite extensive research. The aim of this study was to determine the feto-maternal outcomes of assisted term breech deliveries at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH).
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 73 pregnant women with term breech admitted to the labor ward that delivered vaginally. Data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire and from medical records. The Pearson's chi-squared test was used for comparison of proportions between groups. One multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and also a second one associations with type of breech.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.6 ±
5.5 (range 18-41) years. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.6 weeks and mean parity was 3.4, with a 5% history of previous breech. The average levels of asphyxia measured by Apgar score were 7.1 at 1 minute, 8.1 at 5 minutes and 8.6 at 10 minutes.
The average fetal weight was 3200g, with 10% admissions to Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). For the maternal outcomes, one participant had post- partum haemorrhage (PPH), and one participant had an episiotomy and none had symphysiotomy.
On multivariate analysis, NICU admission was associated with lower Apgar score at 1 minute. Babies that were not admitted to NICU had 90% reduced odds for low Apgar score < 7 [Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.004 – 0.24, P-value < 0.01. Also, on
multivariate analysis, type of breech was associated with lower Agpar score at 5 minutes. Compared to footling breech, patients with extended breech had 97% reduced odds for low Apgar score < 7 (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.004 – 0.22, p-value < 0.01). Patients with complete breech had 85% reduced odds for lower Apgar score < 7 (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05 – 0.44, p-
value < 0.01).
Discussion and Conclusion: Feto-maternal outcomes of assisted term vaginal breech deliveries at UTH were favourable with low levels of asphyxia, neonatal admissions to NICU, and need for blood transfusion. Therefore, breech vaginal delivery at term may still be a viable option at UTH as demonstrated by this study.
Echocardiography in Patients with Chest X-ray Diagnosis of Cardiomegaly at an Academic Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Gwaba Nchimunya , Isaacs Ferial , Harneck Maria 
Published: January 2023

Background: Cardiomegaly is the most diagnosed condition on Chest X-ray (CXR) at the study site. However, little is found on the association between cardiomegaly and echocardiography (ECHO) findings at this site. The main objective of this study was to establish whether there is an association between cardiomegaly diagnosed on a CXR and ECHO findings of the same patient.
Methods and Materials: This retrospective study involved the retrieving of data from files of 124 patients who had cardiomegaly diagnosed on CXR and had undergone an ECHO examination. The study sought to establish whether there is an association between cardiomegaly diagnosed on a CXR and ECHO findings of the same patients.
Results: There was a positive association between cardiomegaly diagnosed on CXR and ECHO findings and the association was significant at 5%. In addition, there was also a strong association between age and cardiomegaly and the association was also significant at 5%. The Chi-square results at 5% level of significance showed that there is not enough evidence to suggest an association between gender and cardiomegaly. Therefore, both women and men have an equal chance of acquiring cardiomegaly. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction was the most prevalent condition, having been seen in more than 50% of patients. Most of the conditions identified in patients were very severe. In addition, 70% of these patients had a raised blood pressure with 43% having severely raised blood pressure.The test results also showed that 66% of patients in the sample had increased blood flow on Doppler measured at certain points of the heart with 6% of the patients having severely increased blood flow. Patients with increased blood flow showed an increase in blood pressure with those with severe increased blood flow showing a strong positive association with severe high blood pressure.
Conclusion: These findings show that there is a strong association between cardiomegaly diagnosed on CXR to ECHO findings of the same patient. Therefore, echocardiography should be done on all patients diagnosed with cardiomegaly on CXR. In addition, priority should be given to elderly patients (65 years and above) as most of these had both severe cardiomegaly and one or more cardiovascular diseases.
Serosurvey and factors associated with Leishmania Donovani infection in febrile HIV infected individuals attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: ABDULLAHI Idris Nasir , Shuwa H A , Emeribe A U , Olayemi L O , Yunusa T , Ahmad A E , Musa P O 
Published: January 2023

Background: Leishmania Donovani (L. donovani) is an obligate intracellular pathogen. L. donovani and HIV co-infection is neglected clinical entity in sub-Saharan African. L. donovani infections have been shown to deplete host cellular immunity and proceed to severe diseases. As part of the ongoing research efforts in Nigeria to improve the healthcare of HIV infected individuals through diagnosis and treatment of co-infections with leishmaniasis, this study was instigated.
Methods & Materials: Three hundred and forty blood samples were individually collected from HIV infected individuals with fever>10 days attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. EDTA anticoagulated blood was tested for CD4+ cell counts, while sera were tested for L. donovanii IgG antibodies using flow cytometry and Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) respectively. Interviewer-based questionnaires were used to collect participants' sociodemographic variables. Data were analysed for statistical association and relation between seropositivity of L. donovani IgG and risk factors.
Results: Of the 340 participants studied, the seroprevalence of L. donovanii antibodies was 8.2%. The mean CD4+ cell count of those with L. donovani seropositivity ( n = 28 ) was 119.4cells/mm3. There was statistical relation between CD4+ cell counts and L. donovani antibodies. There was statistical association between L. donovani IgG seropositivity with age of participants (p = 0.014), residential area (p = 0.033), living condition (p = 0.0006) and Proximity to water collection (p<0.0006) and bushes/ vegetation (p=0.049). Skin disfiguration was significantly associated with L. donovani IgG antibodies (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that L. donovani is an etiological agent of acute fever and skin disfiguration in HIV infected patients and significantly associated with CD4+ lymphopaenia in HIV co-infected patients.
Relative Frequencies of Odontogenic Cysts and their Protein and Glucose Content
Authors: Adisa Akinyele Olumuyiwa , Olusanya Adeola A , Abe Elizabeth O , Lawal Ahmed O 
Published: January 2023

Background: Odontogenic cysts are derived from remnants of odontogenic apparatus entrapped within jawbones. The diagnosis of cysts is based on histology features; however, these features are not clear-cut in many cases, except for a few like OKC and Calcifying Odontogenic cyst. The knowledge of the content of these cysts may assist in the differentiation and diagnosis of the cysts. This study reviewed the pattern of jaw cysts presentation and further analyzed the glucose and protein contents of some odontogenic cysts among them. The findings from our local environment were compared with findings globally as regards jaw cysts.
Methods: Aretrospective search of the departmental records of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology of the University College Hospital Ibadan was done from the year 2010 to 2017 for jaw cysts. The cystic content of odontogenic cysts was analyzed prospectively from 2016 to 2017 for total protein, albumin and glucose. Some cases of unicystic ameloblastoma were included because as at the time of obtaining the aspirate the working diagnosis was jaw cyst. Total protein, albumin and glucose estimations of the cysts were done by Biuret, Bromocresol Green and Glucose Oxidase methods respectively. The literature search was done on PubMed, using the keywords cysts, jaw cysts, odontogenic cysts, protein, albumin, glucose content.
Results: 1,156 lesions were diagnosed within the study period of 7 years, among which 45 lesions (3.9%) were jaw cysts of odontogenic origin. Collectively the mean age at presentation was 30.8 (SD± 17.2) years while it was 32.7 (SD±14.4), 21.6 (SD±14.6) and 40.1 (SD±24.0) years for radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst and OKC respectively. The mean concentration of total protein was highest in radicular cysts (6.2g/dL) compared with the dentigerous cysts.
Conclusion: Radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst followed by the dentigerous cyst. The radicular cyst favours the anterior maxilla while the dentigerous cyst favours the posterior mandible. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of protein estimation of odontogenic cystic fluids.
Table of Contents, Medical Journal of Zambia Volume 45 Number 4
Authors: Zambia Medical Journal of 
Published: January 2023

The Medical Journal of Zambia is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal intended for the publication of papers from all specialities of medicine (Internal Medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology) and their subspecialties, basic sciences, public health, social medicine and medical politics. The journal also welcomes contributions from experienced individuals describing the way they deal with particular problems (i.e. intended to pass on the art of medicine).
KINERJA PAVING BLOCK ASPAL MENGGUNAKAN AS BUTON LAWELE (LGA) SEBAGAI LAPIS PERMUKAAN JALAN
Authors: Agus Irzal , Qamar L.M. Sjamsul 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini berupa pembuatan paving block dengan bahan utamanya adalah pasir dan abu batu, sama halnya dengan paving block dari semen, tetapi bahan perekatnya adalah aspal buton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja dari jalan yang terbuat dari paving block yang berbahan dasar As Buton Lawele. Perencanaan benda uji dilakukan dengan menentukan komposisi campuran agregat. Kadar aspal pada penelitian ini dilihat dari Variasi LGA yaitu 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Total benda uji yang dibuat 9 buah briket dan 50 buah paving block aspal. Campuran dengan variasi LGA 20 % diperoleh nilai density 1,51 gr/cm³; VMA 32,21 %; VIM 4,45 %; VFB 86,22 %; Stabilitas 1512,14 kg; flow 3,7 mm; MQ 414,58 kg/mm. Campuran dengan variasi LGA 25 % diperoleh nilai Density 1,47 gr/cm³; VMA 38,15 %; VIM 3,92 %; VFB 89,74 %; Stabilitas 1630,06 kg; Flow 4,3 mm; MQ 413,41 kg/mm. Campuran dengan variasi LGA 30 % diperoleh nilai density 1,43 gr/cm³; VMA 43,83 %; VIM 3,52 %; VFB 91,97 %; Stabilitas 1704,15 kg; flow 4,47 mm; MQ 389,67 kg/mm. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di laboratorium dan uji gelar dapat disimpulkan bahwa Asbuton Lawele dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan paving block aspal untuk lapis permukaan jalan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan nilai stabilitas marshall, dan untuk uji gelar paving block aspal yang menggunakan campuran dengan LGA 30% dari pada saat pemasangan sampai dengan saat ini belum menunjukkan adanya tanda-tanda keretakan, ini berarti bahwa paving block aspal tersebut stabil terhadap gilasan kendaraan.
Studi Kasus Pengolahan Air Limbah Pemukiman Di Kelurahan Bataraguru Kecamatan Wolio Kota Baubau
Authors: Surianti Surianti 
Published: January 2023

Padatnya penduduk maka akan menimbulkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan limbah domestik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyaluran air limbah di Kelurahan Bataraguru Kecamatan Wolio dan mengevaluasi pengolahan air limbah di pemukiman Kelurahan Bataraguru Kecamatan Wolio. Metodeyang digunakan Metode peneltian yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung serta melakukan wawancara dan pembagian kuisioner terhadap masyarakat. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu Kondisi lingkungan air limbah di Kelurahan Bataraguru masih kurang baik. Dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terkait masalah air limbah dan dampak yang ditimbulkan bagi lingkungan sekitar dan sumber daya air yang dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian sebesar 28,9% masyrakat membuang air limbah rumah tangga langsung ke sungai dengan atau tanpa menggunakan pipa pembuanga, diperoleh 87,67% yang kurang nyaman dengan pembuangan air limbah yang tidak pada tempatnya dan sebesar 84,54% bahwa dampaknya sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air minum (sumber air minum dari sumur).
Evaluasi Daya Dukung Tanah Pada Perkerasan Jalan Ruas Jalan Lawela - Labalawa Buton Selatan
Authors: Gasruddin Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar daya dukung tanah dasar pada lapisan perkerasan dan mengetahui tebal lapisan perkerasan dengan menggunakan Metode Analisa Komponen Bina Marga. Untuk mengetahui nilai CBR atau daya dukung tanah dasar dibutuhkan penggunaan alat Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). Pengujian Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) dilakukan secara zig-zag dari STA awal sampai dengan STA akhir dengan jarak pengujian 100 meter per STA. Nilai hasil DCP dihitung berdasarkan total kedalaman penetrasi ujung konus dibagi kumulatif tumbukan. Dari hasil pengujian Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) pada ruas jalan Lawela - Labalawa diperoleh nilai CBR sebesar 3,11 % dan nilai daya dukung tanah dasar (DDT) sebesar 3,82. Perhitungan tebal lapisan perkerasan dengan Metode Analisa Komponen Bina Marga untuk umur rencana 10 tahun diperoleh tebal lapis permukaan 5 cm menggunakan laston MS 774.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KACA SEBAGAI FILLER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN ASPAL PANAS (AC - WC)
Authors: Hartini Hartini 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Aspal BRAM (Buton Rockh Asphalt Macadam) terhadap karakteristik Marshall pada campuran Aspal Panas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Trial And Error. Benda uji dipadatkan dengan pemadatan yaitu 2x75 tumbukan. Adapun variasi kadar aspal rencana yaitu : 7% sedangkan variasi aspal Bram yaitu : 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% dan 4%. Setiap variasi dibuat 3 sampel benda uji, sehingga total benda uji adalah sebanyak 25 buah. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian Marshall Test. Dari hasil pengujian aspal Laston (AC-WC) menggunakan aspal penetrasi 60/70 sebagai bahan pengikat diperoleh nilai Density 2,35gr/cc, 2,35 gr/cc, 2,34 gr/cc, 2,34 gr/cc, 2,34 gr/cc. Nilai VIM yaitu 3,93%, 4,13%, 4,33%, 4,46% 4,60. Nilai VMA yaitu 17,47%, 17,63%, 17,81%, 17,91%, 18,04%.Nilai VFB yaitu 77,85%, 76,58%, 76,96%, 75,15% 74,67%. Nilai stability yaitu 836,92 kg, 1096,83 kg, 1350,26 kg, 1655,99 kg, 1427,76 kg. Nilai Flow yaitu 4,67 mm, 3,97 mm, 3,50 mm, 3,00 mm, 3,33 mm. Nilai MQ yaitu 180,13 kg/mm, 276,35 kg/mm, 388,85 kg/mm, 552,00 kg/mm, 438,19 kg/ mm.