bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches
Authors: Lammert Jessica M. , Roberts Angela C. , McRae Ken , Batterink Laura J. , Butler Blake E. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Recent advances in artificial intelligence provide opportunities to capture and represent complex features of human language in a more automated manner, offering potential means of improving the efficiency of language assessment. This review article presents computerized approaches for the analysis of narrative language and identification of language disorders in children.

Method:
We first describe the current barriers to clinicians' use of language sample analysis, narrative language sampling approaches, and the data processing stages that precede analysis. We then present recent studies demonstrating the automated extraction of linguistic features and identification of developmental language disorder using natural language processing and machine learning. We explain how these tools operate and emphasize how the decisions made in construction impact their performance in important ways, especially in the analysis of child language samples. We conclude with a discussion of major challenges in the field with respect to bias, access, and generalizability across settings and applications.

Conclusion:
Given the progress that has occurred over the last decade, computer-automated approaches offer a promising opportunity to improve the efficiency and accessibility of language sample analysis and expedite the diagnosis and treatment of language disorders in children.
Motor Speech, Swallowing, and Cognitive Considerations in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Case Report: Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Implications
Authors: Petroi-Bock Diana 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Given that motor speech and/or swallowing impairments are the first or among the first signs of neurodegenerative disorders and given that cognitive deficits may also develop as part of disease progression, the purpose of this case report was to highlight an example of an evidence-based practice (EBP) process applied to a case of an individual with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method and Results:
This case report follows a patient with ALS from disease onset and initial evaluation through end of life, considering and addressing co-occurring disorders. Specific content areas are elucidated to highlight critical thinking skills associated with assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment processes. Aspects of person-centered care are also discussed.

Conclusions:
While ALS is not a unique disorder, its manifestations given co-occurring disorders lend themselves well to expounding on critical thinking components from the differential diagnosis and assessment process to management considerations. It is important that clinicians are prepared to work with complex patient cases, having the knowledge and skills to assess and treat motor speech, swallowing, and cognitive areas of concern from an EBP and person-centered approach. Relatedly, intervention is likely to be most effective when overlapping impairments are considered and addressed rather than overlooked.
Predictive handover mechanism for seamless mobility in 5G and beyond networks
Authors: Sulaiman Thafer H. , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractScalability is one of the important parameters for mobile communication networks of the present generation and further to the future 5G and beyond networks. When a user is in motion transferring from one cell site to another, then the handover procedure becomes important in the sense that it ensures that a user gets consistent connection without interruption. Nevertheless, the classic handover process in cellular networks has some sort of drawback like causing service interruptions, affecting packet transmission, and increased latency which is highly uncongenial to the evolving applications which have stringent requirement to latency. To overcome these challenges and improve the mobile handover in 5G and future mobile networks, this article puts forth a predictive handover mechanism using reinforcement learning algorithm. The RL algorithm outperforms the ML algorithm in several aspects. Compared to ML, RL has a higher handover success rate (∼95% vs. ∼90%), lower latency (∼30 ms vs. ∼40 ms), reduced failure rate (∼5% vs. ∼10%), and shorter disconnection time (∼50 ms vs. ∼70 ms). This demonstrates the RL algorithm's superior ability to adapt to dynamic network conditions.
Modelling real‐world effects in near‐field SAR collections for compressive sensing
Authors: Price George A. J. , Andre Daniel , Moate Chris , Yuen Peter , Finnis Mark 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe ability to control sidelobes in a SAR image is critical to forming images that are useful for interpretation and exploitation. QinetiQ has developed the RIBI sensing system, which utilises a distributed coherent array of sensors to produce multistatic images. These systems require techniques from outside the traditional radar domain to utilise the theoretical resolution possible in synthesising a coherent aperture from multiple disparate collections. This paper develops previously published work on using compressive sensing techniques to suppress sidelobes in SAR images to develop a higher‐fidelity measurement model. Using Cranfield University's GBSAR System a series, experimental measurements are conducted, and image estimation techniques are applied to this real data. It demonstrates an improvement in recovery performance over an isotropic measurement matrix, and discusses areas which require further development.
Detection of binary companions below the diffraction limit with lucky imaging
Authors: Cagigas M. A. , Clavero R. , Cagigal M. P. , Nespral D. , Djupvik A. A. , Jones D. , Valle P. J. , Canales V. F. , Soria E. , López R. , Zamora O. , Oscoz Á. , Marco J. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Binary stars are invaluable tools that can be used to precisely measure the fundamental properties of stars, to test stellar models, and further our understanding of stellar evolution. Stellar binarity may also play an important role in the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems.
Aims. We provide a technique for resolving intermediate-separation binaries stars with medium-sized telescopes (i.e. diameter less than or equal to 2.5 metres) at wavelengths around 825 nm in the super-resolution range (i.e. below the limit defined by the Rayleigh criterion).
Methods. We combined two well-known algorithms that have been applied to reduce the halo in lucky imaging observations: COvariancE of Lucky Images and the Lucky Imaging Speckle Suppression Algorithm. We reviewed the fundamentals of both algorithms and describe a new technique called Lucky Imaging Super resolution Technique (LIST), which is optimized for peak highlighting within the first ring of the Airy pattern. To validate the technique, we carried out several observing campaigns of well-known binary stars with the FastCam instrument (FC) on the 1.52 m Carlos Sánchez Telescope (TCS) and 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), both located at the Observatorios de Canarias (OCAN).
Results. The projected angular separation between objects was resolved by applying LIST to FC data taken with TCS and NOT, with a result below 0.15″. It can go down to approximately 0.05″, given the limitations of the detector plate scale. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that binary companions with such small angular separations have been detected using only lucky imaging at optical wavelengths. The average accuracy achieved for the angular separation measurement is 16 ± 2 mas with NOT and is 20 ± 1 mas with TCS. The average accuracy obtained for the position angle measurement is 9.5° ± 0.3° for NOT and 11° ± 2° for TCS. We also made an attempt to measure the relative brightnesses of the binary components, obtaining results that are compatible with literature measurements. Using this comparison, the ∆m uncertainty obtained was 0.1 mag for NOT and 0.48 mag for TCS, although it should be noted that the measurements have been taken using slightly different filters.
Conclusions. Lucky imaging, in combination with speckle suppression and a covariance analysis, can allow the resolution of multiple point sources below the diffraction limit of 2-m class telescopes. However, it should be noted that measurements in the super-resolution regime are less sensitive than those above the first Airy ring.
BiSpeD: Binary Spectral Disentangling applied to binary low-mass star searches
Authors: Martínez C. I. , González J. F. 
Published: January 2025

Context. In a companion paper, we present a novel method for the spectroscopic detection of low-luminosity secondary companions of binary stars. An interesting application field is the identification of very low-mass stars as companions of late-type main-sequence stars.
Aims. To provide a simple tool based on our method, we developed Binary Spectral Disentangling (BiSpeD), a PYTHON repository that provides a toolkit for processing and analyzing spectroscopic observations. The main task of BiSpeD is find2c, which aims to calculate the mass ratio (q) of a single-lined spectroscopic binary from the analysis of a sample of observed spectra. In the same process, an estimate of the secondary effective temperature is obtained. In addition, the toolkit includes other spectral measurement tasks, including spectral disentangling and radial velocity (RV) measurement via cross-correlation.
Methods. The BiSpeD package was tested on a sample of 41 late-type stars observed by the High-Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Searcher (HARPS). For each star in the sample, we measured the RV for the primary companion and determined the orbital parameters. We then applied the find2c task, which defines a grid of mass ratios and generates the corresponding grid of solutions that reconstruct the secondary spectrum using iterative spectral disentangling. Finally, a modified cross-correlation algorithm compares these secondary spectra with synthetic templates to find the best solution.
Results. Our analysis led to the detection of 12 faint companions from the 41 candidates, including five stars below 0.3 M⊙. Among our positive detections are two cases of binaries formed by a red giant primary and a main-sequence secondary. We show that reliable mass ratio values can be obtained even in cases where the orbital period is unknown and the RV amplitude is only a few km s−1.
Open cluster dissolution rate and the initial cluster mass function in the solar neighbourhood
Authors: Almeida Duarte , Moitinho André , Moreira Sandro 
Published: January 2025

Context. The dissolution rate of open clusters (OCs) and the integration of their stars into the Milky Way’s field population have been explored using their age distribution. With the advent of the Gaia mission, there is an exceptional opportunity to revisit and enhance studies covering these aspects of OCs with ages and masses from high-quality data.
Aims. Our aim is to build a comprehensive Gaia-based OC mass catalogue that, combined with the age distribution, allows for deeper investigation of the disruption experienced by OCs within the solar neighbourhood.
Methods. We determined masses by comparing luminosity distributions to theoretical luminosity functions. The limiting and core radii of the clusters were obtained by fitting the King function to their observed density profiles. We examined the disruption process by performing simulations of the build-up and mass evolution of a population of OCs that we compared to the observed mass and age distributions.
Results. Our analysis yielded an OC mass distribution with a peak at log(M) = 2.7 dex (∼500 M⊙) as well as radii for 1724 OCs. Our simulations showed that when using a power-law initial cluster mass function (ICMF), no parameters are able to reproduce the observed mass distribution. Moreover, we find that a skew log-normal ICMF provides a good match to the observations and that the disruption time of a 104 M⊙ OC is t4tot = 2.9 ± 0.4 Gyr.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that the OC disruption time t4tot is about two times longer than previous estimates based solely on OC age distributions. We find that the shape of the ICMF for bound OCs differs from that of embedded clusters, which could imply a low typical star formation efficiency of ≤20% in OCs. Our results also suggest a lower limit of ~60 M⊙ for bound OCs in the solar neighbourhood.
Thermal environment and erosion of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Groussin O. , Jorda L. , Attree N. , Birch S. P. D. , Bürger J. , Gutiérrez P. , Jindal A. S. , Keller H. U. , Kramer T. , Manghi R. Lasagni , Läuter M. , Markkanen J. , Marschall R. , Schuckart C. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. This paper focuses on how insolation affects the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko over its current orbit. We aim to better understand the thermal environment of the nucleus, in particular its surface temperature variations, erosion, relationship with topography, and how insolation affects the interior temperature for the location of volatile species (H2O and CO2).
Methods. We have developed two thermal models to calculate the surface and subsurface temperatures of 67P over its 6.45-year orbit. The first model, with high resolution (300 000 facets), calculates surface temperatures, taking shadows and self-heating into account but ignoring thermal conductivity. The second model, with lower resolution (10 000 facets), includes thermal conductivity to estimate temperatures down to ~3 m below the surface.
Results. The thermal environment of 67P is strongly influenced by its large obliquity (52°), which causes significant seasonal effects and polar nights. The northern hemisphere is the coldest region, with temperatures of 210–300 K. H2O is found in the first few centimetres, while CO2 is found deeper (~2 m) except during polar night around perihelion, when CO2 accumulates near the surface. Cliffs erode 3–5 times faster than plains, forming terraces. The equatorial region receives maximum solar energy (8.5×109 J m−2 per orbit), with maximum surface temperatures of 300–350 K. On the plains, H2O is found in the first few centimetres, while CO2 is found deeper (~2 m) and never accumulates near the surface. In the southern hemisphere, a brief intense perihelion heating raises temperatures to 350–400 K, which is followed by a 5-year polar night when surface temperatures drop to 55 K. Here H2O remains in the first few centimetres, while CO2 accumulates shallowly during polar night, enriching the region. Erosion is maximal in the southern hemisphere and concentrated on the plains, which explains the observed overall flatness of this hemisphere compared to the northern one. Over one orbit, the total energy from self-heating is 17% of the total energy budget, and 34% for thermal conduction. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the surface changes observed on 67P.
Stellar flare morphology with TESS across the main sequence
Authors: Seli B. , Vida K. , Oláh K. , Görgei A. , Soós Sz. , Pál A. , Kriskovics L. , Kővári Zs. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Stellar flares are abundant in space photometric light curves. As they are now available in large enough numbers, the statistical study of their overall temporal morphology is timely.
Aims. We use light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to study the shapes of stellar flares beyond a simple parameterization by duration and amplitude, and we reveal possible connections to astrophysical parameters.
Methods. We retrained and used the flatwrm2 long-short term memory neural network to find stellar flares in 2-min cadence TESS light curves from the first five years of the mission (sectors 1–69). We scaled these flares to a comparable standard shape and used principal component analysis to describe their temporal morphology in a concise way. We investigated how the flare shapes change along the main sequence and tested whether individual flares hold any information about their host stars. We also applied similar techniques to solar flares, using extreme ultraviolet irradiation time series.
Results. Our final catalog contains ∼120 000 flares on ∼14 000 stars. Due to the strict filtering and the final manual vetting, this sample contains virtually no false positives, although at the expense of reduced completeness. Using this flare catalog, we detected a dependence of the average flare shape on the spectral type. These changes are not apparent for individual flares; they only appear when averaging thousands of events. We find no strong clustering in the flare shape space. We have created new analytical flare templates for different types of stars, and we present a technique to sample realistic flares and a method to locate flares with similar shapes. The flare catalog along with the extracted flare shapes and the data used to train flatwrm2 are publicly available.
A Transformer-Based Pipeline for German Clinical Document De-Identification
Authors: Arzideh Kamyar , Baldini Giulia , Winnekens Philipp , Friedrich Christoph M. , Nensa Felix , Idrissi-Yaghir Ahmad , Hosch René 
Published: January 2025

Objective Commercially available large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) cannot be applied to real patient data for data protection reasons. At the same time, de-identification of clinical unstructured data is a tedious and time-consuming task when done manually. Since transformer models can efficiently process and analyze large amounts of text data, our study aims to explore the impact of a large training dataset on the performance of this task.
Methods We utilized a substantial dataset of 10,240 German hospital documents from 1,130 patients, created as part of the investigating hospital's routine documentation, as training data. Our approach involved fine-tuning and training an ensemble of two transformer-based language models simultaneously to identify sensitive data within our documents. Annotation Guidelines with specific annotation categories and types were created for annotator training.
Results Performance evaluation on a test dataset of 100 manually annotated documents revealed that our fine-tuned German ELECTRA (gELECTRA) model achieved an F1 macro average score of 0.95, surpassing human annotators who scored 0.93.
Conclusion We trained and evaluated transformer models to detect sensitive information in German real-world pathology reports and progress notes. By defining an annotation scheme tailored to the documents of the investigating hospital and creating annotation guidelines for staff training, a further experimental study was conducted to compare the models with humans. These results showed that the best-performing model achieved better overall results than two experienced annotators who manually labeled 100 clinical documents.
Decentering Coloniality: Epistemic Justice, Development Studies and Structural Transformation
Authors: Gebremariam Eyob Balcha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe debate on decolonising development studies (DS) can be more fruitful if we focus on epistemic issues. Since mainstream DS has been essentially Eurocentric, where coloniality is normalised, I suggest in this commentary that decolonising DS is best pursued by decentring coloniality. I use the epistemic justice framework to illustrate how both interpretative and testimonial injustices are common features of DS when we take the dominance of Eurocentric knowledge production in DS for granted. I adopt coloniality and empire as my analytical framework to show how current manifestations of colonialism influence the intertwined relations between knowledge, the knower and the relations of knowledge production. The piece then juxtaposes the widely accepted definitions of structural transformation (ST) with those explicitly focussing on the inherently colonial design of the global political economy. Then, I briefly discuss the “FrançAfrique” economic zone as a site of coloniality to demonstrate the limitations of the mainstream notions of ST.
Numerical study on the surface evolution and flow dynamics in laser polishing of 100Cr6 steel based on the coupled capillary and thermocapillary flow
Authors: Fang Chuqiao , Dai Wei , Wu Xiao , Wang Sijin 
Published: January 2025

Laser polishing (LP) has gained widespread interest in various engineering fields due to its high efficiency, precision, and non-contact processing capabilities. Despite its potential applications, most LP research primarily relies on experimental approaches, which are time-consuming, expensive, and may not systematically reveal the underlying mechanisms of laser–material interactions. Therefore, integrating numerical simulation techniques is crucial for enhancing our understanding and optimizing the LP process. This study develops a two-dimensional transient numerical model to simulate the superficial surface evolution during the LP of 100Cr6 steel. A moving laser beam with a top-hat energy density distribution was implemented, considering the microscopic flow mechanism of the molten pool through combined capillary and thermocapillary flows. A detailed analysis of temperature distributions, molten pool behaviors, and surface profiles was conducted to assess how various process parameters influenced the results. The simulation results indicated that an optimal surface roughness of approximately Ra 0.706 µm can be achieved using the optimized parameters (laser power: 400 W, scanning speed: 300 mm/s, and laser beam size: 300 μm). Additionally, the molten pool can form within a suitable temperature and time range for LP using these optimized parameters. The results also indicated that the LP surface roughness exhibits a V-shaped relationship with laser power, scanning speed, and laser beam size. This study highlights the critical role of thermal input in LP and discusses how adjusting laser process parameters effectively controls this input. It provides numerical simulation parameters and theoretical guidance for LP research, ultimately leading to desired polishing effects.
Experimental investigation of the effects of different DBD plasma actuators on the aerodynamic performance of the NACA0012 airfoil
Authors: Rezaei H , Kazemi M , Saeedi M , Jahangirian A , Mani M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the flow control performance of linear and serpentine dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators mounted on the leading edge of a NACA0012 airfoil to control flow separation and improve aerodynamic performance. Experiments were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 87 × 103, 131 × 103, and 175 × 103. Velocity profiles in the wake and static pressure distributions over airfoil were measured using hot-wire anemometry and pressure sensors, respectively. All experiments conducted in the different plasma actuation parameters, including wave voltages (6, 8, 10 kV) and wave frequencies (6, 10 kHz), and the optimal combination of V
pp = 10 kV and f
AC = 10 kHz was identified. The results of several wind tunnel experiments showed that, a substantial increase in the lift coefficient of up to 26.58% and a delay in stall angle of attack up to 4º due to the implementation of DBD plasma actuators. Additionally, the serpentine actuator demonstrated a more significant impact on separation control compared to the linear actuator where the serpentine actuator has controlled the stall phenomenon more effectively in post-stall angles compared to the linear actuator due to generation of 3D structures.