bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated systematic planning and adaptive stakeholder process support a 10‐fold increase in South Africa's Marine Protected Area estate
Authors: Sink Kerry Jennifer , Lombard Amanda Talita , Attwood Colin Graham , Livingstone Tamsyn‐Claire , Grantham Hedley , Holness Stephen Dale 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSouth Africa sought to implement an ecologically representative Marine Protected Area (MPA) network to achieve biodiversity and fisheries management goals with least impact on offshore stakeholders. The result was the declaration of a spatially efficient network representing 131 of 150 marine ecosystem types (87%) in 5.4% of ocean area. We outline the 15‐year process from planning to implementation of 20 new MPAs, including contentious areas recognized as important for conservation decades ago. Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) supported by 532 data layers and an inclusive stakeholder process identified priority areas, reduced conflict and guided complex trade‐offs. Multiple scenarios and iterative improvements increased transparency, supported ocean zonation and achieved balanced compromises while maintaining conservation objectives. Key challenges, enabling factors and lessons are shared. We demonstrate that flexible, evidence‐based SCP together with adaptive social processes that are alert to opportunities can support implementation of representative MPA networks aligned to ocean economy goals.
An individual differences perspective on pragmatic abilities in the preschool years
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Tessler Michael Henry , Kordt Clara , Hausmann Tom , Frank Michael C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPragmatic abilities are fundamental to successful language use and learning. Individual differences studies contribute to understanding the psychological processes involved in pragmatic reasoning. Small sample sizes, insufficient measurement tools, and a lack of theoretical precision have hindered progress, however. Three studies addressed these challenges in three‐ to 5‐year‐old German‐speaking children (N = 228, 121 female). Studies 1 and 2 assessed the psychometric properties of six pragmatics tasks. Study 3 investigated relations among pragmatics tasks and between pragmatics and other cognitive abilities. The tasks were found to measure stable variation between individuals. Via a computational cognitive model, individual differences were traced back to a latent pragmatics construct. This presents the basis for understanding the relations between pragmatics and other cognitive abilities.Research Highlights
Individual differences in pragmatic abilities are important to understanding variation in language development.
Research in this domain lacks a precise theoretical framework and psychometrically high‐quality measures.
We present six tasks capturing a wide range of pragmatic abilities with excellent re‐test reliability.
We use a computational cognitive model to provide a substantive theory of individual differences in pragmatic abilities.
Long‐term monitoring of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) populations under increasing temperatures and predator abundances in the Finnish coastal waters of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Olin Mikko , Heikinheimo Outi , Lehtonen Topi K. , Raitaniemi Jari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Baltic Sea has been under intense environmental changes in the recent decades, such as climate change, eutrophication and increasing abundance of top‐predators, which pose serious challenges to its aquatic life. For informed conservation measures and sustainable yields, we need to understand how the populations are being affected. Accordingly, we used long‐term data series (covering the period between 1980 and 2021) to assess how these changes have affected populations of an ecologically and economically important predatory fish, the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), in the coastal waters of Finland in the northern Baltic Sea. We investigated the estimates of abundance and recruitment, commercial and recreational catch statistics and growth and mortality rates. We found a clear increase in the total catches in the northernmost part of the Finnish coast (Bothnian Bay) that were not explained by changes in fishing effort, indicating increased abundance, most likely due to higher water temperature. In the southern part of the study area (Archipelago Sea), density‐dependent factors prevented the development of particularly strong year classes, despite the beneficial conditions of warming seawater and consecutive warm summers. Individual growth has increased in younger age groups, contributing to an upward trend in the spawning population biomass. We also uncovered a declining trend in the total mortality in the southern area, despite increased abundances of cormorants and seals, explained by reduced total fishing mortality. These results show that the pikeperch is one of the species that has, thus far, benefited from the environmental change in the northern Baltic Sea, strengthening its role in the ecosystem.
Seeking connection can trigger shame loops in couples: An attachment‐based understanding
Authors: Frediani Gianina , Migerode Lieven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch shows that shame can have a severe negative impact on intimate relationships, leading to negative shame loops between partners. In this article, we aim to provide a theoretical analysis of how attachment theory can help us understand that shame loops within couple relationships may not only be triggered by negative cues, such as criticism from a partner but can also innocently be triggered by a partner seeking connection or even offering comfort. We also elaborate on how therapists may unexpectedly trigger and intensify a client's shame. We conclude by providing a case description and discussing the therapeutic implications that can be helpful when working with the paradoxes of shame in couple therapy.
Are COVID‐19 patients given adequate instructions about toothbrush hygiene? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Khatib Aceil , Dalbah Yazan Emad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate toothbrush hygienic practices, whether subjects with a positive COVID‐19 test received instructions about toothbrush hygiene, and to determine if carriers of SARS CoV‐2 were assigned separate bathrooms during home isolation.MethodsData were collected by an anonymous online questionnaire. Variables of interest included toothbrush hygiene practices, receiving instructions on toothbrush handling if tested positive for COVID‐19, and being assigned separate bathrooms during home isolation.ResultsFrom November 2020 through April 2021; 755 responded (472 [62.5%] females, 269 [35.6%] males, 14 [1.85%] did not specify their gender). 14 (4.1%) of 341 respondents who reported a positive result of a COVID‐19 test received instructions about how to maintain their toothbrush during home isolation. The majority of subjects (74.4%) reported the use of water to wet their toothbrush before brushing, this practice was significantly more common among young subjects (p < 0.001). 58.6% wash all parts of the toothbrush after use while 38.8% wash the head of the toothbrush, and 1.6% place the toothbrush in an antiseptic. 53% used separate bathrooms during isolation, this was significantly associated with age group (p = 0.006) and higher monthly income (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe majority of participants with a positive result of the COVID‐19 test were not given explicit instructions about toothbrush handling. Less than half reported good toothbrush hygienic practices. Higher monthly income was significantly associated with using a separate bathroom during home isolation. Providing explicit instructions about toothbrush hygiene is recommended to reduce the spread of contagious diseases such as COVID‐19.
Impact of daily use of emollient ‘plus’ on corticosteroid consumption in patients with atopic dermatitis: An open, randomized controlled study
Authors: Zelenkova H. , Kerob D. , Salah S. , Demessant‐Flavigny A.‐L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmollients are the baseline treatment for mild or moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) to improve the epidermal barrier and provide anti‐irritant and anti‐pruritic effects. Emollient ‘plus’ can influence the skin microbiome of atopic eczema patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the benefits of using Emollient ‘plus’ to reduce corticosteroid consumption.MethodsIn an open, single‐centre, randomized, controlled study, patients with mild to moderate AD (Severity scoring of AD [SCORAD] score 20–30) were randomized 1:1 to apply the Emollient ‘plus’ twice daily for 28 days or to continue with their usual classical emollient (Control group). In addition, each patient received topical corticosteroids to use when necessary and according to the dermatologist's prescription. Assessments included SCORAD, PO‐SCORAD, local SCORAD, quality of life questionnaires, and tolerability.ResultsA total of 119 patients were included in the PP population with a mean age of 26.50 ± 17.5 years old (min–max 3–71 years). Between baseline and day 28, the mean amount of corticosteroid used was lower for the Emollient ‘plus’ versus Control group (6.03 vs. 9.16 g; p = 0.041) and corticosteroid was applied on fewer days (37.5% vs. 46.9% of days; p = 0.0256) with fewer applications per day (0.55 vs. 0.71 applications per day; p = 0.0203). Similar improvements were observed in both groups for SCORAD, PO‐SCORAD, local SCORAD, skin sensation score, AD burden scale, patient benefit index >1, as well as subject and investigator efficacy and tolerability questionnaire assessments.ConclusionsBetween baseline and day 28, there was significant corticosteroid‐sparing in the Emollient ‘plus’ group compared to the Control group in quantity, number of applications per day and number of days of use, whilst efficacy was maintained with no significant differences between the two groups for all clinical evaluations, as well as for tolerability.
Psychometric properties of postnatal accumulated fatigue scale validity and reliability
Authors: Kırca Ayça Şolt , Gül Derya Kanza , Şener Nurdilan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveFatigue is a common adverse experience in postpartum women and can seriously affect maternal and infant health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to adapt the validity and reliability of the postnatal accumulated fatigue scale (PAFS) for postpartum mothers.MethodsThe sample of the cross‐sectional methodological study consisted of 140 postpartum mothers. Data were collected between July and December 2020. Tools used for data collection were the mother information form, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, and the PAFS.ResultsAs a result of exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that PAFS consisted of 13 items, 6 items in the “Physical Fatigue” subdimension, 4 items in the “Emotional” subdimension, and 3 items in the “Cognitive” subdimension. The three‐factor scale structure supported confirmatory factor analysis. On the total scale, Cronbach's α was found to be 0.91.ConclusionsBased on the study results, the Turkish language version of the PAFS is valid and reliable for postpartum mothers. This scale can be used safely by health professionals in postpartum units.
Evaluation of the transverse venous sinus with transcranial color‐coded duplex
Authors: Henry Christine , Kapoor Sahil , Krishnan Vivek , Levi John , Fargen Kyle , D'Agostino Ralph , Hendrix Sheryl , Foster Dana , Brown Patrick , Tegeler Charles A , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeUltrasound‐derived diagnosis of transverse venous sinus stenosis (TVSS) may have a promise given recent exploration of its role in pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension and availability of interventions like venous stenting. We investigated transverse venous sinus (TVS) insonation using transcranial color‐coded duplex (TCCD) to establish normative values, inform on inherent physiological variability, and other measures to allow future studies on testing the construct validity of TCCD venous in diagnosing TVSS.MethodsAn institutional review board‐approved prospective observational study evaluated 20 healthy volunteers to define TCCD‐based measures for the TVS. Comparatively, the basal vein of Rosenthal, deep middle cerebral veins, and internal jugular veins were insonated. We report on physiological variability including the intrasubject, intersubject, and side‐to‐side variability; gradient of TVS velocities on each side from medial to lateral insonation; and the relationship between TVS and other insonated venous structures.ResultsFifteen out of 20 subjects had the TVS insonated bilaterally, and five had unilaterally (four right, one left). TVS velocities had comparable intrasubject variability to other intracranial veins insonated and lower velocity‐based variability than the pulsatility index. There was significant side‐side variability in TVS‐derived measures without discernible patterns. Insonating TVS from medial to lateral revealed a gradient with a bimodal peak in ultrasound‐derived velocities. We did not find discernible relationships between TVS and other veins for TCCD‐derived measures.ConclusionsThese results can inform future studies validating the normative values in a larger sample and help explore the role of TCCD venous in the diagnosis of venous sinus stenosis.
Coexistence of European hares and Alpine mountain hares in the Alps: what drives the occurrence and frequency of their hybrids?
Authors: Schai‐Braun S. C. , Schwienbacher S. , Smith S. , Hackländer K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a glacial relict species, mountain hares are adapted to cold and snowy conditions. Conversely, European hares originate from the grasslands of the Middle East and spread from there throughout low‐lying agricultural areas of Europe. Mountain hares and European hares generally occur allopatrically, however, sympatry occurs in some areas. In sympatric areas, introgressive hybridisation poses a threat to the Alpine mountain hare by reducing its genetic integrity. Introgressed individuals can be found in both species but are far more frequent in European hares than in mountain hares. The ecology of hybrids is poorly known in these species. To examine the Alpine mountain hare and European hare populations in the Alps with a particular focus on the occurrence and ecology of their hybrids, we performed molecular genetic analysis of hare faecal samples collected in four study areas in the Alps in South Tyrol for three winters and compared habitat associations of the genotyped samples. We recorded 150 individuals (i.e. 14 hybrids, 25 European hares and 111 Alpine mountain hares). Four introgressed individuals were at levels consistent with F2 hybrids, whereas the others showed an older interspecific gene flow. We found that hybrid faeces tended to be at lower elevations compared to those of Alpine mountain hare but at higher elevations than those of the European hare. The frequency of Alpine mountain hares decreased as the proportion of Alpine grassland increased but was positively correlated with the proportion of dwarf shrub heaths. No effect of vegetation type was found for the frequency of European hares and hybrids. Our results support the widely raised concerns that the European hare, as a generalist, is a strong competitor with the Alpine mountain hare in the Alpine ecosystem in the time of global climate change.
Programmed cell death 1 genetic variant and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pipitone Rosaria M. , Malvestiti Francesco , Pennisi Grazia , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Dongiovanni Paola , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Yki‐Järvinen Hannele , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto , Tavaglione Federica , Maurotti Samantha , Bianco Cristiana , Di Maria Gabriele , Enea Marco , Fracanzani Anna L. , Kärjä Vesa , Lupo Giulia , Männistö Ville , Meroni Marica , Piciotti Roberto , Qadri Sami , Zito Rossella , Craxì Antonio , Di Marco Vito , Cammà Calogero , Tripodo Claudio , Valenti Luca , Romeo Stefano , Petta Salvatore , Grimaudo Stefania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsProgrammed cell death 1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PDL‐1) axis has been reported to modulate liver inflammation and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we examined whether the PDCD1 variation is associated with NAFLD severity in individuals with liver biopsy.MethodsWe examined the impact of PDCD1 gene variants on HCC, as robust severe liver disease phenotype in UK Biobank participants. The strongest genetic association with the rs13023138 G>C variation was subsequently tested for association with liver damage in 2889 individuals who underwent liver biopsy for suspected nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic transcriptome was examined by RNA‐Seq in a subset of NAFLD individuals (n = 121). Transcriptomic and deconvolution analyses were performed to identify biological pathways modulated by the risk allele.ResultsThe rs13023138 C>G showed the most robust association with HCC in UK Biobank (p = 5.28E‐4, OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.1, 1.5]). In the liver biopsy cohort, rs13023138 G allele was independently associated with severe steatosis (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02‐1.34; p = .01), NASH (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09‐1.37; p < .001) and advanced fibrosis (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06‐1.50; p = .007). At deconvolution analysis, rs13023138 G>C allele was linked to higher hepatic representation of M1 macrophages, paralleled by upregulation of pathways related to inflammation and higher expression of CXCR6.ConclusionsThe PDCD1 rs13023138 G allele was associated with HCC development in the general population and with liver disease severity in patients at high risk of NASH.
Plant secondary metabolite citral interferes with Phytophthora capsici virulence by manipulating the expression of effector genes
Authors: Song Wen , Yin Zhiyuan , Lu Xinyu , Shen Danyu , Dou Daolong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhytophthora capsici is a notorious pathogen that infects various economically important plants and causes serious threats to agriculture worldwide. Plants deploy a variety of plant secondary metabolites to fend off pathogen attacks, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we screened 11 plant secondary metabolites to evaluate their biofumigation effects against P. capsici, and found that citral, carvacrol, and trans‐2‐decenal exhibited strong antimicrobial effects. Intriguingly, a low concentration of citral was effective in restricting P. capsici infection in Nicotiana benthamiana, but it was unable to inhibit the mycelial growth. A high concentration of citral affected the mycelial growth and morphology, zoospore germination, and cell membrane permeability of P. capsici. Further investigations showed that citral did not induce expression of tested plant immunity‐related genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that a low concentration of citral could not trigger plant immunity. Moreover, RNA‐Seq analysis showed that citral treatment regulated the expression of some P. capsici effector genes such as RxLR genes and P. cactorum‐fragaria (PCF)/small cysteine‐rich (SCR)74‐like genes during the infection process, which was also verified by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR assay. Five candidate effector genes suppressed by citral significantly facilitated P. capsici infection in N. benthamiana or inhibited ROS triggered by flg22, suggesting that they were virulence factors of P. capsici. Together, our results revealed that plant‐derived citral exhibited excellent inhibitory efficacy against P. capsici by suppressing vegetative growth and manipulating expression of effector genes, which provides a promising application of citral for controlling Phytophthora blight.
Transforming normative, ableist, and biomedical orientations to living well and quality of life in nursing: Reimagining what a ventilated body can do
Authors: Straus Elizabeth J. , Brown Helen , Teachman Gail , Howard Fuchsia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA goal of living as well as possible is central to practice and research with young adults living with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Significant effort has been put into conceptualizing and measuring the quality of life (QOL) as a proxy for living well. Yet, dominant understandings of QOL have been influenced by normative, ableist, and biomedical discourses about what constitutes a good life that, when applied in practice and systems with those living with HMV, can contribute to exclusion and constrain opportunities to live well. Inquiry into what certain understandings of living well can do is critical to opening up possibilities to reimagine living well with HMV. This paper draws on findings from a critical narrative inquiry that explored the experiences of five young adults (ages 18–40 years) living with HMV. Data were co‐constructed virtually through an initial interview and photo‐elicitation using participant‐generated photographs. A critical narrative analysis of participants' stories made visible the ideological effects of ableist, biomedical, and individualist discourses and how the young adults reproduced and resisted these dominant discourses. Their stories further opened up possibilities for nurses and other healthcare providers to see living well and QOL differently.
Esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI) complements reflux disease severity and provides insight into the pathophysiology of reflux disease
Authors: Dervin Humayra , Bassett Paul , Sweis Rami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI) has not come into routine use due to methodological discrepancies and its unclear clinical utility. We aimed to determine which method of calculating EGJ‐CI was best at discriminating between common reflux disease states.MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) and pH‐Impedance measurements were acquired for 100 patients; 25 Barrett's esophagus (>3 cm/acid exposure time (AET) > 6), 25 endoscopy‐negative reflux disease (ENRD; AET >6), 25 borderline reflux (AET 4–6), 25 functional heartburn (FH; AET <4), constituting the developmental cohort. EGJ‐CI was calculated at 20 mmHg, 2 mmHg, and 0 mmHg isobaric contour. Empirical associations, univariable, multivariable and ROC analyses were performed between EGJ‐CI and manometric/pH‐impedance metrics. A validation cohort (n = 25) was used to test the new EGJ‐CI cutoff.Key ResultsSignificant correlations with AET were observed when EGJ‐CI was calculated with an isobaric threshold of 20 mmHg (p < 0.001). Significant differences in EGJ‐CI were observed between patients with FH and Barrett's esophagus (p = 0.004) and with ENRD (p = 0.01); however, LES basal pressure was unable to differentiate between these disease states (p = 0.09, p = 0.25, respectively). ROC analysis on the developmental cohort found that EGJ‐CI 21.2 mmHg.cm demonstrated sensitivity 72% and specificity 72% between patients with reflux (Barrett's esophagus/ENRD) and FH. In the validation cohort, 92.8% with a low EGJ‐CI had good/moderate improvement in symptoms following therapy compared to 54.5% with raised EGJ‐CI (p = 0.026).Conclusions and InferencesThis study re‐affirms EGJ‐CI as a reliable discriminator between reflux disease (Barrett's esophagus/ENRD) and FH. In borderline reflux patients, patients with a lower EGJ‐CI score (<21.2 mmHg) appear to respond better to anti‐reflux therapies compared to those with a higher value.