bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of biochars fabricated with typical feedstocks on soil environment and crop productivity: A case study with D. rubrovolvata
Authors: Fu Tianhong , Li Xue , Lei Fengwen , Li Wendi , Zhang Yujin , Zhang Baige , Tang Ling , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Qinyu , Yang Zhen , Zhang Bangxi , Peng Yutao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore novel, environmentally friendly technologies for converting organic waste into biochar for land application for sustainable management. However, the impact of biochar on the soil environment and crop yield depends on the specific feedstock and its interaction with the soil. Through pot experiments, we investigated the effects of three different biochars (sawdust biochar, rice straw biochar and coconut shell biochar) on the growth of Dictyophora rubrovolvata at two different input levels (1% and 2%). It was found that contrary to expectations, high input levels of sawdust biochar had a negative impact on D. rubrovolvata yield, while rice straw biochar and coconut shell biochar increased D. rubrovolvata yield by 16.0% to 159.1% and 54.4% to 64.0%, respectively, at the two input levels. The study revealed the key role of soil factors (such as total phosphorus, nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, water holding capacity, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, CaCl2‐phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and invertase activity) in affecting the growth of D. rubrovolvata. Through structural equation modelling analysis, the application of sawdust biochar resulted in a low N/P ratio, thereby limiting the growth of D. rubrovolvata, while the application of straw biochar and coconut shell biochar promoted mushroom growth by increasing sucrase activity and DOC content. The increase in D. rubrovolvata biomass and nutrient content indicated the superiority of RSBC and CSBC as soil amendments. However, further research is needed to determine the appropriate application scenarios for SDBC. The findings also show that the application of biochar can help improve soil physicochemical biological properties, thus having potential benefits in sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential of biochar technology in sustainable agricultural practices, its role in improving soil quality and crop productivity, and explores for the first time a new field of biochar application in D. rubrovolvata cultivation.
Eureka moments: ICU physicians' views on teaching
Authors: Sternschein Rebecca , Hayes Margaret M. , Ramani Subha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTeaching hospitals are fast‐paced health care environments where clinical supervisors constantly balance teaching and patient care. Although hospital‐based clinicians in acute care settings regularly teach trainees, views regarding their teaching roles and how this relates to professional satisfaction are less well studied. We explored perspectives of physicians who teach trainees in medical intensive care units (MICUs), to understand whether their engagement in teaching has any impact on professional (job) satisfaction.MethodsThis qualitative study used focus groups of MICU fellows (postgraduate clinical trainees) and attending physicians (consultants) to explore participants' perceptions of their teaching roles. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed; thematic analysis was conducted on de‐identified transcripts.FindingsFour focus groups were held; two with MICU attendings (n = 13) and two with MICU fellows (n = 12). We identified four key themes: two challenges of teaching (being a chameleon; calibrating learner abilities), one benefit of teaching (facilitating learners' eureka moments) and a call for professional development (peer coaching to enhance teaching skills).DiscussionAlthough teaching in acute clinical environments requires balancing dynamic learner needs and complex patient care needs, participants found it highly rewarding. They called for peer coaching initiatives to enhance professional development as teachers and demonstrate departmental commitment to teaching.ConclusionWhile teaching in acute clinical settings is challenging for many reasons, clinical teachers emphasise that it is very satisfying when learners see the ‘light’. Overt institutional support and recognition for clinical teachers along with peer coaching and debriefing may tilt the balance towards the rewards side of the equation and foster professional satisfaction.
Alkaline magmatism from the Lublin–Baltic area of Poland (SW slope of the East European Craton)—Manifestation of hitherto unrecognized early Carboniferous igneous province
Authors: Poprawa Paweł , Nejbert Krzysztof , Krzywiec Piotr , Krzemińska Ewa , Krzemiński Leszek , Mazur Stanisław , Słaby Ewa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur study of boreholes, seismic survey and magnetic data from the region between the Baltic Basin and the Lublin Basin indicates the existence of numerous buried intrusions and effusive complexes, most of them unnoticed so far, together with a few igneous massifs. They are of alkaline character and developed in a time span of c. 348 to 338 Ma. Deep seismic data reveal the presence of large sills (up to 100 km long) within the crystalline basement and the overlying sedimentary cover, at depths of 7–14 km and 5.5–6.5 km, respectively. All these igneous rocks occur in the coherent region and constitute a hitherto unrecognized Lublin–Baltic Mississippian Igneous Province (>120,000 km2). Its denudation is evidenced by the Mississippian volcaniclastic formations of high thickness, developed in the adjacent basins. Igneous activity was triggered by thermal anomaly and/or mantle decompression caused by stress field reorganization, induced by the Variscan collision.
What Do ‘We’ Do With ‘Them’?: A Response
Authors: Browne Kath , Nash Catherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis response discusses the commentaries provided by Sarah hall and Jason Luger. It outlines future work regrading diversity amongst Beyond Opposition participants; the dangers of doing this work; the multiplicities and shifting power relations that the paper reveals and what these might imply more broadly. We note that 'the struggle continues' and considerations of defence/attack are one way of engaging this, there may be others.
Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors, and blood safety improvements in Southern Africa
Authors: Puerto‐Meredith Sydney , Singogo Emmanuel , Chagomerana Maganizo , Nthani Tiya , Likaka Andrew , Gondwe Austrida , M'baya Bridon , Hosseinipour Mina C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlood and blood products are listed as one of the essential medicines by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to inadequate supply, most sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) nations fail to meet their blood needs because many donated blood units are discarded because they are contaminated with transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs). We sought to estimate the prevalence of TTIs, identify the risk factors for TTIs among blood donors, and identify the efforts and interventions that have been made to improve blood safety in Southern African nations, particularly the nations of the South African Development Community (SADC). We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for TTIs, blood safety interventions, and blood quality improvement in the SADC region from major PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and HINARI databases from 1 January 2011 to 31 April 2021. All investigations followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). In meta‐analysis, we estimated the pooled TTIs prevalence and summarised the same using forest plots. A total of 180 articles published from the SSA region were identified covering our three targeted themes: TTI prevalence, risk factors for TTIs, and blood safety improvements. Of these 180 articles, only 27 (15%) focused on the SADC region. The overall pooled TTI prevalence estimate was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–3.0) and hepatitis B was the most prevalent TTI in the region (prevalence = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.0–5.0). The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–4.0), 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–2.0), and 2.0% (95% CI: 0.0–8.0), respectively. In general, replacement donors and first‐time donors were more likely to be infected with TTIs than repeat donors. Twelve articles explored blood safety research in the region; however, they vary greatly highlighting the need for consistent and more comprehensive research. Few publications were identified that were from the SADC region, indicating lack of research or resources towards improving both quantity and quality of blood donation. TTI prevalence remains one of the highest in the world and blood safety recommendations vary across the region. More effort should be directed towards developing a cohesive regional blood transfusion policy and effective blood monitoring and evaluation strategies.
Oncomodulin regulates spontaneous calcium signalling and maturation of afferent innervation in cochlear outer hair cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Murtha Kaitlin , Climer Leslie K. , Ceriani Federico , Thompson Pierce , Hornak Aubrey J. , Marcotti Walter , Simmons Dwayne D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. During development, the maturation of OHC afferent connectivity is refined by coordinated spontaneous Ca2+ activity in both sensory and non‐sensory cells. Calcium signalling in neonatal OHCs can be modulated by oncomodulin (OCM, β‐parvalbumin), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein. Here, we investigated whether OCM regulates OHC spontaneous Ca2+ activity and afferent connectivity during development. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor (GCaMP6s) expressed in OHCs in wild‐type (Ocm+/+) and Ocm knockout (Ocm−/−) littermates, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulation of purinergic receptors in OHCs from Ocm−/− cochlea immediately following birth. The afferent synaptic maturation of OHCs was delayed in the absence of OCM, leading to an increased number of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres on Ocm−/− OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM regulates the spontaneous Ca2+ signalling in the developing cochlea and the maturation of OHC afferent innervation.
imageKey points
Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ activity during a narrow period of neonatal development. OHC afferent maturation and connectivity requires spontaneous Ca2+ activity.
Oncomodulin (OCM, β‐parvalbumin), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein, modulates Ca2+ signals in immature OHCs.
Using transgenic mice that endogenously expressed a Ca2+ sensor, GCaMP6s, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulated purinergic receptors in Ocm−/− OHCs.
The maturation of afferent synapses in Ocm−/− OHCs was also delayed, leading to an upregulation of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres in Ocm−/− OHCs before hearing onset.
We propose that OCM plays an important role in modulating Ca2+ activity, expression of Ca2+ channels and afferent innervation in developing OHCs.
The medullary serotonergic centres involved in cardiorespiratory control are disrupted by fetal growth restriction
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Elham , Dudink Ingrid , Walker David W. , Sutherland Amy E. , Pham Yen , Stojanovska Vanesa , Polglase Graeme R. , Miller Suzanne L. , Allison Beth J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory complications after birth and beyond. Despite research showing a range of neurological changes following FGR, little is known about how FGR affects the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres. The primary neurons that release serotonin reside in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres and may be affected by FGR. At two time points in the last trimester of sheep brain development, 110 and 127 days of gestation (0.74 and 0.86 of gestation), we assessed histopathological alterations in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres of the pons and medulla in early‐onset FGR versus control fetal sheep. The FGR cohort were hypoxaemic and asymmetrically growth restricted. Compared to the controls, the brainstem of FGR fetuses exhibited signs of neuropathology, including elevated cell death and reduced cell proliferation, grey and white matter deficits, and evidence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. FGR brainstem pathology was predominantly observed in the medullary raphé nuclei, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, solitary tract and nucleus of the solitary tract. The FGR groups showed imbalanced brainstem serotonin and serotonin 1A receptor abundance in the medullary raphé nuclei, despite evidence of increased serotonin staining within vascular regions of placentomes collected from FGR fetuses. Our findings demonstrate both early and adaptive brainstem neuropathology in response to placental insufficiency.
imageKey points
Early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) was induced in fetal sheep, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia.
Growth‐restricted fetuses exhibit persistent neuropathology in brainstem nuclei, characterised by disrupted cell proliferation and reduced neuronal cell number within critical centres responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Elevated brainstem inflammation and oxidative stress suggest potential mechanisms contributing to the observed neuropathological changes.
Both placental and brainstem levels of 5‐HT were found to be impaired following FGR.
Bubble-Induced Strong Thermal Contraction for Graphene
Authors: Qu Zhao-Xia , Cui Chuan-Xin , Jiang Jin-Wu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of van der Waals (vdW) layered structures is of crucial importance in governing the dependability and longevity of advanced optoelectronic equipment. Bubbles are commonly found within layered structures, yet their impact on the thermal expansion coefficient of the structure is still not well understood. We derive an analytical formula that describes the influence of bubbles on the variation in length, utilizing both the elastic membrane theory and the improved van der Waals gas state equation. The results demonstrate that as the temperature increases, bubbles can induce significant thermal contraction in few-layer graphene structures. The analytical predictions are validated through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. These findings hold significant value in enhancing our understanding of the dependability and durability of functional equipment that relies on van der Waals layered structures.
Alternative approaches for creating a wealth index: the case of Mozambique
Authors: Xie Kexin , Marathe Achla , Deng Xinwei , Ruiz-Castillo Paula , Imputiua Saimado , Elobolobo Eldo , Mutepa Victor , Sale Mussa , Nicolas Patricia , Montana Julia , Jamisse Edgar , Munguambe Humberto , Materrula Felisbela , Casellas Aina , Rabinovich Regina , Saute Francisco , Chaccour Carlos J , Sacoor Charfudin , Rist Cassidy 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe wealth index is widely used as a proxy for a household’s socioeconomic position (SEP) and living standard. This work constructs a wealth index for the Mopeia district in Mozambique using data collected in year 2021 under the BOHEMIA (Broad One Health Endectocide-based Malaria Intervention in Africa) project.MethodsWe evaluate the performance of three alternative approaches against the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) method based wealth index: feature selection principal components analysis (PCA), sparse PCA and robust PCA. The internal coherence between four wealth indices is investigated through statistical testing. Validation and an evaluation of the stability of the wealth index are performed with additional household income data from the BOHEMIA Health Economics Survey and the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey data in Mozambique.ResultsThe Spearman’s rank correlation between wealth index ventiles from four methods is over 0.98, indicating a high consistency in results across methods. Wealth rankings and households’ income show a strong concordance with the area under the curve value of ~0.7 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The agreement between the alternative wealth indices and the DHS wealth index demonstrates the stability in rankings from the alternative methods.ConclusionsThis study creates a wealth index for Mopeia, Mozambique, and shows that DHS method based wealth index is an appropriate proxy for the SEP in low-income regions. However, this research recommends feature selection PCA over the DHS method since it uses fewer asset indicators and constructs a high-quality wealth index.
Potential mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Wu Baichuan , Zhang Huifeng , Chen Jinghong , Chen Jiaye , Liu Zhifen , Cheng Yuqi , Yuan Tifei , Peng Daihui 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder (MDD). Even though its prevalence and risk factors are relatively well understood, the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD remain elusive.AimsTo review present evidence related to the potential mechanisms of NSSI in MDD.MethodsAccording to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, articles for this systematic review were searched on Medline (through PubMed), Embase (through Elsevier), PsycINFO (through OVID) and Web of Science databases for English articles, as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Wanfang Data, and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) Databases for Chinese articles published from the date of inception to 2 August 2022. Two researchers (BW, HZ) independently screened studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed their quality.ResultsA total of 25 157 studies were searched. Only 25 of them were ultimately included, containing 3336 subjects (1535 patients with MDD and NSSI, 1403 patients with MDD without NSSI and 398 HCs). Included studies were divided into 6 categories: psychosocial factors (11 studies), neuroimaging (8 studies), stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (2 studies), pain perception (1 study), electroencephalogram (EEG) (2 studies) and epigenetics (1 study).ConclusionsThis systematic review indicates that patients with MDD and NSSI might have specific psychosocial factors, aberrant brain functions and neurochemical metabolisms, HPA axis dysfunctions, abnormal pain perceptions and epigenetic alterations.
The BE-ALIVE score: assessing 30-day mortality risk in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Tindale Alexander , Panoulas Vasileios 
Published: August 2023

AimTo create and validate a simple scoring system for predicting 30-day mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at their moment of admission.Methods and results2407 consecutive patients presenting to Harefield Hospital with measured arterial blood gases, from January 2011 to December 2020, were studied to build the training set. 30-day mortality in this group was 17.2%. A scoring algorithm that was built using binary logistic regression of variables available on admission was then converted to an additive risk score. The resultant scoring system is the BE-ALIVE score, which incorporates the following factors:Base Excess (1 point for <−2 mmol/L), Age (<65 years: 0 points, 65–74: 1 point, 75–84: 2 points, ≥85: 3 points), Lactate (<2 mmol/L: 0 points, 2–4.9: 1 point, 5–9.9: 3 points, ≥10: 6 points), Intubated (2 points), Left Ventricular function (mildly impaired or better: −1 point, moderately impaired: 1 point, severely impaired: 3 points) and External/out of hospital cardiac arrest 2 points).The scoring system was validated using a testing set of 515 patients presenting to Harefield Hospital in 2021. The validation metrics were excellent with a c-statistic of 0.9, Brier’s score 0.06 vs a naïve classifier of 0.15, Spiegelhalter’s z-statistic probability of 0.267 and a calibration slope of 1.08.ConclusionThe BE-ALIVE score is a simple and accurate scoring system to predict 30-day mortality in patients presenting with ACS. Appreciating this mortality risk can allow prompt involvement of appropriate care such as the shock team.
Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data
Authors: Aker M. , Batzler D. , Beglarian A. , Behrens J. , Berlev A. , Besserer U. , Bieringer B. , Block F. , Bobien S. , Bornschein B. , Bornschein L. , Böttcher M. , Brunst T. , Caldwell T. S. , Chilingaryan S. , Choi W. , Debowski K. , Descher M. , Barrero D. Díaz , Doe P. J. , Dragoun O. , Drexlin G. , Edzards F. , Eitel K. , Ellinger E. , Engel R. , Enomoto S. , Felden A. , Formaggio J. A. , Fränkle F. M. , Franklin G. B. , Friedel F. , Fulst A. , Gauda K. , Gavin A. S. , Gil W. , Glück F. , Grössle R. , Gumbsheimer R. , Hannen V. , Haußmann N. , Helbing K. , Hickford S. , Hiller R. , Hillesheimer D. , Hinz D. , Höhn T. , Houdy T. , Huber A. , Jansen A. , Karl C. , Kellerer J. , Kleifges M. , Klein M. , Köhler C. , Köllenberger L. , Kopmann A. , Korzeczek M. , Kovalík A. , Krasch B. , Krause H. , La Cascio L. , Lasserre T. , Le T. L. , Lebeda O. , Lehnert B. , Lokhov A. , Machatschek M. , Malcherek E. , Mark M. , Marsteller A. , Martin E. L. , Melzer C. , Mertens S. , Mostafa J. , Müller K. , Neumann H. , Niemes S. , Oelpmann P. , Parno D. S. , Poon A. W. P. , Poyato J. M. L. , Priester F. , Ráliš J. , Ramachandran S. , Robertson R. G. H. , Rodejohann W. , Rodenbeck C. , Röllig M. , Röttele C. , Ryšavý M. , Sack R. , Saenz A. , Salomon R. , Schäfer P. , Schimpf L. , Schlösser M. , Schlösser K. , Schlüter L. , Schneidewind S. , Schrank M. , Schwemmer A. , Šefǧík M. , Sibille V. , Siegmann D. , Slezák M. , Spanier F. , Steidl M. , Sturm M. , Telle H. H. , Thorne L. A. , Thümmler T. , Titov N. , Tkachev I. , Urban K. , Valerius K. , Vénos D. , Hernández A. P. Vizcaya , Weinheimer C. , Welte S. , Wendel J. , Wetter M. , Wiesinger C. , Wilkerson J. F. , Wolf J. , Wüstling S. , Wydra J. , Xu W. , Zadoroghny S. , Zeller G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with a low-tritium-activity data set of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in a commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$
β
-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the measurement of a wider part of the tritium spectrum and thus the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $$1.6\, \textrm{keV}$$

1.6

keV

. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of $$\sin ^2\theta < 5\times 10^{-4}$$

sin
2

θ
<
5
×

10

-
4

($$95\%$$

95
%

C.L.) at a mass of 0.3 keV. This result improves current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and 1.0 keV.