bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of water‐level variability on fish assemblage and natural reproduction following connectivity enhancement in a Typha‐dominated coastal wetland, USA
Authors: Leblanc John Paul , Farrell John M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe evaluated a wetland habitat modification strategy to contrast fish assemblage structure and the production of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) fish between different engineered habitats (i.e., spawning pool complexes and connectivity channels) relative to unmodified lateral channels in a large drowned river mouth tributary of the St Lawrence River. Prior to habitat modifications, the coastal wetland was impaired by water level regulations and dominance of the invasive hybrid cattail, Typha × glauca, which collectively replaced or created barriers to seasonally flooded spawning habitats important to fish. Connectivity enhancements provided fish access along a wetland habitat gradient from sedge‐meadows to the deeper water robust emergent main channel. Across an 8‐year fish emigration dataset (2012, 2013, 2016–2021) more than 90% of all captured fish (Ntotal = 218,086 fish) were YOY and modified habitats outperformed the unmodified channels in total fish catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) per year (both YOY and non‐YOY). Spawning pool complexes had higher YOY species richness than unmodified channel habitats. Fish assemblage structure differed between the modified habitats, where connectivity channels and unmodified channels shared a more similar fish assemblage than spawning pool complexes. Modified habitats, however, supported warmer water and higher dissolved oxygen than the unmodified channels. Redundancy analysis and linear mixed‐effect modelling with abiotic variables (hydrology, temperature and dissolved oxygen) showed significant effects on fish assemblage structure, species richness and CPUE of fish emigrating from the modified and unmodified habitats. Historic flooding in 2017 and 2019 was a primary driver of YOY fish production and fish assemblage structure, but also appeared to be associated with near anoxic conditions systemwide. YOY fish for several species was inversely affected by floods at spawning pool complexes, but CPUE of YOY fish for these species appeared unaffected at the connectivity channels despite low dissolved oxygen. Diversified habitat structure (i.e., connectivity channels and spawning pool complexes) offers a management option to enhance habitat for fish that allowed compensatory effects on the capture of YOY fish of several species during floods. This multifaceted outcome from the habitat modifications resulted in unique fish assemblages between the channelized and spawning pool habitat. A connectivity‐based habitat enhancement strategy provides adaptability for an uncertain climatic and regulatory future for the Laurentian Great Lakes and St Lawrence River.
State diagrams and water sorption isotherms of pitanga, ciriguela araza, mango, and guava
Authors: Sviech Fernanda , Cardoso Patrícia , Oliveira Rafael A. , Ubbink Job , Prata Ana S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractState diagrams for araza, ciriguela, guava, mango, and pitanga were built as a function of concentration and temperature. These state diagrams include the dependence of the glass transition temperature (Tg) on the water content, the glass transition temperature (Tg′) and concentration (Cg′) of the maximally freeze‐concentrated state and the ice melting (Tm) line. Tg′ was determined to be −57.6 to −48.94°C and Cg′ was determined to be 70 and 83% wt/wt for pitanga and ciriguela, respectively. The Tg and Tm lines were fitted with the Gordon–Taylor and Chen models, respectively. Correlations between the phase and state transitions and composition of the fruit samples were obtained. Water vapor sorption isotherms were determined, which, in combination with the state diagram, allow determining optimal processing and storage conditions for the five fruits.Practical ApplicationsThis paper presents the state diagrams and water vapor sorption isotherms for five fruits as tools for determining optimal processing and storage conditions. In this way, it is possible to establish which conditions of temperature and humidity of the process are the most suitable for the fruit storage or processing ensuring product quality and security.
Contramedidas en Cabo Pulmo: La ciencia y la judicialización de conflictos ambientales en México
Authors: Richard Analiese M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe judicialization of environmental conflicts in Mexico has generated a growing demand for legal evidence of environmental damages and risks to ecosystems and communities. When conflicts arise over large development projects, one opposition strategy consists of denouncing errors in a project's Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or procedural errors in its evaluation by federal authorities. Volunteer scientists collaborate with local communities and nonprofit organizations to diagnose technical errors in the EIS and develop “countermeasures” of risks that can be used to contest projects in court. This article analyzes a paradigmatic case of independent EIS review that occurred to oppose a tourism megadevelopment project adjoining the Cabo Pulmo National Marine Park in Baja California Sur. Confronted with the contraction of the political sphere in Mexico, this administrative tactic of political struggle appears as a viable alternative to directly challenging powerful elites. The Cabo Pulmo case highlights evolving relationships between science, environmental governance, and emergent forms of political mobilization in Latin America.
The assessment of moderate acne vulgaris face skin using blood perfusion and hyperspectral imaging–A pilot study
Authors: Zdrada‐Nowak Julita , Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Odrzywołek Wiktoria , Rusztowicz Monika , Błońska‐Fajfrowska Barbara , Wilczyński Sławomir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMicrocirculation is the flow of blood through the smallest vessels in the circulatory system. Capillaries respond to various pathologies much earlier than arteries and veins, the changes which indicate that the disease is already developing. Careful monitoring of the functioning of the capillary system often allows the detection of in vivo disorders at an early stage.AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the microcirculation within acne lesions. A noninvasive method of semi‐quantitative blood perfusion measurement based on laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) and a quantitative assessment of the acne severity using the hyperspectral imaging method supported by image analysis and processing methods were used.Patients/MethodThe acne lesion perfusion was compared to the healthy skin perfusion of the control group. The reflectance in the range from 400 to 1000 nm was also compared for acne lesions and healthy skin. A dedicated version of the algorithm based on the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix was used to compare differences between acne lesions and healthy skin.ResultsBlood perfusion in acne lesions is on average 117% higher than in healthy skin. The reflectance of acne lesions was lower in the range of 400–600 nm compared to the healthy skin. A statistically significant decrease in the reflectance of acne lesions was demonstrated for wavelengths: 434, 549, and 588 nm.ConclusionsIncreased blood perfusion in acne lesions compared to healthy skin suggests increased chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and wound healing. Decrease points in skin reflectance resemble the absorption peaks for hemoglobin and coproporphyrin III produced by Cutibacterium acnes. Thus, the proposed methods may serve not only for the early detection of acne lesions, before they manifest themselves clinically for the naked eye, but may also be a tool for quantifying the effectiveness of acne treatment.
Identification of Epicoccum sorghinum as the agent of Hydrangea leaf spot and its sensitivity to fungicides
Authors: Yao Qiuyu , Liu Yu , Liang Shuang , Li Cheng , Li Zhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrangea macrophylla is an important ornamental plant with a high market value and is widely planted in Guizhou, China. Leaf spot disease in H. macrophylla is common in Shibing County, Guizhou Province, where the estimated disease incidence is 70%–80%, seriously affecting its ornamental value. In this study, we isolated the pathogen from diseased samples of H. macrophylla in Shibing, Guizhou, verified the pathogenicity by Koch's postulates and identified the pathogen by combining the morphological characters with molecular systematics based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), partial regions of RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), β‐tubulin (TUB), and partial 28S large subunit of the nrRNA gene (LSU). The pathogen causing leaf spot disease was identified as Epicoccum sorghinum. The inhibitory effects of six synthetic fungicides on the pathogen were measured using the poison food technique. In this analysis, 25% pyraclostrobin SC exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, with an EC50 (concentration producing 50% of the maximal effect) of 0.0208 mg/L, followed by 10% difenoconazole WDG, with an EC50 of 0.0995 mg/L. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of leaf spot disease.
Strong seasonal patterns of DOC release by a temperate seaweed community: Implications for the coastal ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Paine Ellie R. , Brewer Elizabeth A. , Schmid Matthias , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo , Boyd Philip W. , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRelease of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by seaweed underpins the microbial food web and is crucial for the coastal ocean carbon cycle. However, we know relatively little of seasonal DOC release patterns in temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Strong seasonal changes in inorganic nitrogen availability, irradiance, and temperature regulate the growth of seaweeds on temperate reefs and influence DOC release. We seasonally surveyed and sampled seaweed at Coal Point, Tasmania, over 1 year. Dominant species with or without carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) were collected for laboratory experiments to determine seasonal rates of DOC release. During spring and summer, substantial DOC release (10.06–33.54 μmol C · g DW−1 · h−1) was observed for all species, between 3 and 27 times greater than during autumn and winter. Our results suggest that inorganic carbon (Ci) uptake strategy does not regulate DOC release. Seasonal patterns of DOC release were likely a result of photosynthetic overflow during periods of high gross photosynthesis indicated by variations in tissue C:N ratios. For each season, we calculated a reef‐scale net DOC release for seaweed at Coal Point of 7.84–12.9 g C · m−2 · d−1 in spring and summer, which was ~16 times greater than in autumn and winter (0.2–1.0 g C · m−2 · d−1). Phyllospora comosa, which dominated the biomass, contributed the most DOC to the coastal ocean, up to ~14 times more than Ecklonia radiata and the understory assemblage combined. Reef‐scale DOC release was driven by seasonal changes in seaweed physiology rather than seaweed biomass.
Unpacking hybridity: Development and first validation of a multidimensional instrument to profile hybrid professionals
Authors: Compagni Amelia , Boscolo Paola Roberta , Giacomelli Giorgio , Sartirana Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHybrid professionals, that is, professionals who have transitioned to managerial roles, have emerged in numerous public settings. Through in‐depth qualitative methodologies, the literature has shown a good degree of heterogeneity in the way hybrid professionals perceive and manage their hybridity. In this study, we aim to develop a theory‐based, multidimensional instrument able to capture such heterogeneity in a lean but sensitive way. In this instrument, we combine consolidated scales of identity centrality and integration and vignettes, on the one hand, to measure the perception of hybrid professionals of the relationship between their professional and managerial identities and, on the other hand, to elicit the practices they use to deal with the demands of the professional and managerial logics. We first validate the instrument on a sample of school principals in the Italian context and then describe the six profiles of hybrid professionals derived from the analysis. We suggest three avenues for applying such an instrument.
Breeding of Lotus japonicus that can overcome adverse seasonal environment by coupling flowering time and abiotic stresses
Authors: Li Meiru , Li Hongqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractManipulation of floral transition may allow for a free change in the duration of plant vegetative and reproductive growth, thus rendering them to avoid adverse seasonal environmental conditions. In this report, we investigated the effect of the stress‐inducible promoter RD29A on driving the rice FT ortholog Hd3a expression in Lotus japonicus ‘MG20’ in response to environmental changes. Constitutive overexpression of Hd3a (HOE) in ‘MG20’ hastened its flowering in contrast to non‐transformed control (wild type; WT), which did not flower in winter hampered by long days and low temperatures. RD29A promoter had low activity under non‐stress conditions and was induced by cold, drought and salinity in transgenic ‘MG20’. Transgenic plants of Hd3a driven by the RD29A promoter (RH) could flower under unfavourable weather conditions that prohibited the flowering of WT plants. In addition, RH transgenic plants exhibited thriving clumps of branching, inflorescence, and pods because of the low temperature‐induced expression of Hd3a. These results demonstrate that inducible expression of florigen has the potential to tackle unfavourable weather conditions and boost plant production.
Becoming bamboo: Reassessing Su Shi's painting theory from Deleuze's angle
Authors: Ahn Kanghun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article aims to elucidate the Chinese literatus Su Shi's painting theory using French philosopher Gilles Deleuze's concepts of “capturing forces” and “becoming.” In the relevant scholarship, Su Shi's esthetic thought has been illustrated as going beyond the truthful representation of forms, thereby capturing the underlying vitality of the targeted objects, which paved the way for what came to be known as “literati painting.” This artistic approach has been thought to express the artist's lofty and virtuous personality through the liveliness of the objects. I fully embrace the “capturing vitality” part of the literature, further fleshing it out not just by closely analyzing some of Su Shi's extant writings on painting but also by assessing them side by side with such European painters as Paul Cézanne and Francis Bacon. However, I find the “expressing personality” counterpart to be rather limited for interpreting Su Shi's esthetic thought and instead suggest the artistic effect of “becoming” as central to his ultimate esthetic aims.
The effects of a magic‐based intervention on self‐esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life among community‐dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wei‐Li , Lee Kuan‐Ting , Lin Wen‐Chin , Yang Yi‐Ching , Tsai Chia‐Liang 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMagic‐based programs have been utilised to enhance well‐being across various health aspects. However, there is a lack of studies on whether performing magic tricks can provide mental health benefits for older adults living in the community. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a magic‐based intervention program on self‐esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QOL), and to examine the relationship between these factors in older adults.MethodsThirty‐eight participants, aged 60–90 years, were randomly assigned to either a magic intervention group or a control group. The magic intervention program, tailored for older adults, was conducted for 90 min, twice weekly, over 6 weeks. The Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSE), the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF scores were measured and analyzed in both groups before and after the intervention.ResultsThe magic‐based intervention significantly increased self‐esteem and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults, with large effect sizes. However, no significant impact on QOL was observed. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between the improvement in self‐esteem and the reduction in depressive levels. Despite this, a moderate but significant negative correlation was detected between the post‐intervention scores of RSE and GDS‐15 in the magic intervention group.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that the magic intervention program was beneficial in promoting mental health in community‐dwelling older adults. Implementing magic programs in communities appears to be an effective approach to enhance self‐esteem and alleviate depressive symptoms in the older population.
The role of unit labor costs in African manufacturing investment and export performance
Authors: Naidoo Karmen , Ndikumana Léonce 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have pointed out that manufacturing wages are relatively higher in African countries than in other countries at similar levels of development, and that this contributes to the continent's lower levels of manufacturing competitiveness. This paper derives unit labor costs (ULCs)—average wages relative to productivity—for two‐digit manufacturing sectors across a sample of 79 developed and developing countries, including 13 African countries, over the 1990–2015 period. We benchmark the ULCs to China and estimate the relationship between relative ULCs and manufacturing sector investment rates and export performance. We find that relative ULCs have a smaller association with exports in Africa relative to other developing regions. There is some evidence that investment responds to changes in relative ULCs in Africa; however, the estimated effects are smaller than in the full sample. Further, we find that for Africa, the level of labor productivity has a quantitatively stronger and more robust association with manufacturing performance than the level of real wages. The results have important implications for industrial policy in African countries.
Sociological contributions to the study of social innovation: A critical review
Authors: Grant Don 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSociology has long been interested in innovating solutions to social problems. However, this desire has also been a source of controversy as it can conflict with the discipline's ambition also to be recognized as a hard science. This paper critically reviews sociological contributions to the study of social innovation. It first contextualizes these contributions by discussing the origins of sociology's interest in transforming society, the growing tension between that interest and sociology's other aspiration to create objective knowledge about the social world, and how more sociologists have relocated to business schools where most research on social innovation is now being conducted. Next, it summarizes sociologists' contributions, which emphasize how social innovation is organized by institutions, networks, social movements, and organizations themselves. It then discusses criticisms of this work and responses to these critiques. It concludes by asking whether sociologists' research on social innovation has advanced their discipline's dual mission of reforming and explaining society and what additional studies are needed.
Carbon and nutrient budgets of the Chagga home garden system in the Kilimanjaro highlands, Tanzania
Authors: Ichinose Yuri , Nishigaki Tomohiro , Shibata Makoto , Kilasara Method , Shinjo Hitoshi , Funakawa Shinya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSustainable land management of smallholder farms is crucial for ensuring food security in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the nutrient dynamics of smallholder farming systems at the farm level based on primary data. In this study, carbon (C) and nutrient budgets of the home garden system in the Kilimanjaro highlands, where Andosols predominate, were quantified at the farmer's field. We evaluated (1) the soil C and nutrient flow in the main three land‐use blocks (banana (Musa spp.) garden, maize (Zea mays L.) field and grassland) in one representative home garden and (2) the internal flow between farmland and livestock and the external nutrient flow across the inside and outside of the six home gardens. Intensive applications of livestock dung to the banana trees resulted in a positive C budget (7.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1) in the banana garden. Nitrogen loss through the harvesting of feed and crops was almost balanced with the livestock dung application, while nitrogen loss through leaching only accounted for 3% of that applied. Banana productivity has been maintained despite a negative potassium budget (−241 kg K ha−1 year−1), probably owing to the replenished exchangeable potassium from Andosols. In the maize field, the C budget was negative (−1.7 Mg C ha−1 year−1) owing to high organic matter decomposition. Carbon and nutrient budgets in the grassland were all negative. Our results revealed that the village average livestock density (4.4 TLU ha−1: TLU means tropical livestock unit) was sufficient for P, Ca and Mg balance in the home garden, whereas it was not sufficient for N and K balance. Increasing livestock density improved the nutrient balance of the system. However, it is noteworthy that 33%–47% of the feed supplied as C and nutrients was collected from outside the home gardens, suggesting a high reliance on external inflow to fulfil feed demands. In conclusion, intensive livestock dung application to banana cultivation was fundamental for maintaining agricultural productivity to replenish the nutrients lost from the system. At the same time, this system was sustained not only by C and nutrient cycling within the system, but also by transporting resources from the external environment into the system.