bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratoconus Frequency and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Younger Than 18 Years With Significant Refractive Errors
Authors: Sarria Calderón Natalia Andrea , Martínez Córdoba Claudia Johanna , Pinedo Agudelo Jennifer Andrea , Rosas Apraez Jesús Andrés , Revelo Álvarez Mario Leandro 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder that causes low vision secondary to high myopia, irregular astigmatism, and loss of corneal transparency. In children, the disease behaves aggressively, progresses rapidly, is diagnosed at advanced stages, and presents an increased risk for corneal transplantation; however, only few studies in children have been conducted.

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of keratoconus in patients younger than 18 years who underwent the Pentacam study because of high myopia or high astigmatism in the oblique axis, analyze topographic criteria and classify them into severity groups, and identify associated risk factors.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study in which Pentacam examinations were analyzed. Frequency of keratoconus was determined and patients were classified according to visual acuity and severity scales. Medical records were reviewed to identify associated risk factors.

Results:
Four hundred twenty-six patients younger than 18 years were included, 40 (9.4%) had keratoconus according to Pentacam criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.9 years, with male predilection (75%). Atopy was the only statistically significant risk factor, present in 85%. Family history was present in 7.5%. There were no differences in the distribution in groups according to visual acuity or Amsler–Krumeich scale. Most frequent ABCD classification was A2 (35.6%), B4 (47.9%), and C0 (35.6%), posterior curvature radius being a significant severity criterion.

Conclusions:
The study found that frequency of keratoconus in children is higher than previously reported. Atopy has a clear and possible causal association. Early detection should be sought to reduce the risk of progression. Pentacam is a fundamental tool for early diagnosis using simple criteria.
Long-Term Outcome After Bilateral Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Baydoun Lamis , Vasiliauskaitė Indrė , Luceri Salvatore , Jager Martine J. , Schaal Sontje-Chiao , Bourgonje Vincent , Oellerich Silke , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term clinical outcome, complications, and graft survival of bilateral Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of 181 patients (362 eyes) with sequential bilateral DMEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Clinical outcomes were assessed up to 5 years postoperatively. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, pachymetry, endothelial cell density, graft survival, and complication rates.

Results:
Contralateral DMEK was performed on average 15 ± 11 months (range: 2–60 months) after the first eye. From 1 until 5 years after DMEK, best-corrected visual acuity, pachymetry, endothelial cell density, and graft survival did not differ between the first and second eyes (all P > 0.05). Graft detachment occurred in 67 eyes (19% [18% first eyes, 19% second eyes], 6% bilateral), graft rejection in 9 eyes (3% [3% first eyes, 2% second eyes], 1% bilateral), glaucoma in 25 eyes (7% [8% first eyes, 6% second eyes], 2% bilateral), and graft failure in 22 eyes (6% [4% first eye, 8% second eye], 2% bilateral). All differences were not significant (all P > 0.05). Five-year graft survival rates were comparable for first and second eyes (0.95 and 0.92, respectively; P = 0.15).

Conclusions:
Clinical outcomes after bilateral DMEK are similar in both eyes and sustainable in the longer term. Within the first 5 years, the same complication may rarely occur in the contralateral eye.
Performance of IOL calculation formulas that use measured posterior corneal power in eyes following myopic laser vision correction
Authors: Kenny Peter I. , Kozhaya Karim , Truong Paulina , Wang Li , Koch Douglas D. , Weikert Mitchell P. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To compare the predictive accuracy of the biometer-embedded Barrett True-K TK and new total corneal power methods of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in eyes with prior laser vision correction (LVC) for myopia.

Setting:
Academic clinical practice.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
IOL power formulas were assessed using measurements from a swept-source optical coherence biometer. Refractive prediction errors were calculated for the Barrett True-K TK, EVO 2.0, Pearl-DGS, and HofferQST, which use both anterior and posterior corneal curvature measurements. These were compared with the Shammas, Haigis-L, Barrett True-K No History (NH), optical coherence tomography, and 4-formula average (AVG-4) on the ASCRS postrefractive calculator, and to the Holladay 1 and 2 with non linear axial length regressions (H1- and H2-NLR).

Results:
The study comprised 85 eyes from 85 patients. Only the Barrett True-K TK and EVO 2.0 had mean numerical errors that were not significantly different from 0. The EVO 2.0, Barrett True-K TK, Pearl-DGS, AVG-4, H2-NLR, and Barrett True-K NH were selected for further pairwise analysis. The Barrett True-K TK and EVO 2.0 demonstrated smaller root-mean-square absolute error compared with the Pearl-DGS, and the Barrett True-K TK also had a smaller mean absolute error than the Pearl-DGS.

Conclusions:
The Barrett True-K TK and EVO 2.0 formulas had comparable performance to existing formulas in eyes with prior myopic LVC.
Efficacy of corneal curvature on the accuracy of 8 intraocular lens power calculation formulas in 302 highly myopic eyes
Authors: Mo Er , Feng Ke , Li Qiyuan , Xu Jingyuan , Cen Jiaying , Li Jin , Zhao Yun-e 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of corneal curvature (K) on the accuracy of 8 intraocular lens formulas in highly myopic eyes.

Setting:
Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Design:
Retrospective consecutive case series.

Methods:
302 eyes (302 patients) were analyzed in subgroups based on the K value. The mean refractive error, mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), root-mean-square absolute prediction error (RMSAE) and proportions of eyes within ±0.25 diopter (D), ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, ±1.00 D were statistical analyzed.

Results:
Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, Kane, and Radial Basis Function (RBF) 3.0 had the lower MAE (≤0.28) and RMSAE (≤0.348) and highest percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D (≥83.58%) in the flat (K ≤ 43 D) and steep K (K > 45 D) groups. Hoffer QST had the lowest MedAE (0.19), RMSAE (0.351) and the highest percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D (82.98%) in the normal K group (43 < K ≤ 45 D). When axial length (AL) ≤28 mm, all formulas showed close RMSAE values (0.322 to 0.373) in flat K group. When AL >28 mm, RBF 3.0 achieved the lowest MAE (≤0.24), MedAE (≤0.17) and RMSAE (≤0.337) across all subgroups.

Conclusions:
EVO 2.0, Kane, and RBF 3.0 were the most accurate in highly myopic eyes with a flat or steep K. Hoffer QST is recommended for long eyes with normal K values. RBF 3.0 showed the highest accuracy when AL >28 mm, independent of corneal curvature.
Pilocarpine HCl 1.25% for treatment of presbyopia after laser vision correction: pooled analysis of two phase 3 randomized trials (GEMINI 1 and 2)
Authors: Lievens Chris W. , Hom Milton M. , McLaurin Eugene B. , Yuan Jiang , Safyan Eleonora , Liu Haixia 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of topical pilocarpine HCl 1.25% (Pilo) in treating presbyopia in individuals with or without a history of laser vision correction (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis [LASIK] or photorefractive keratectomy [PRK]).

Setting:
Multiple clinical sites.

Design:
Pooled analysis of 2 identically designed prospective, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies (GEMINI 1 and 2).

Methods:
Adults aged 40 to 55 years with presbyopia received once-daily Pilo or vehicle bilaterally for 30 days. Responder rates for ≥3-line improvement in mesopic, high-contrast, binocular distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) were determined on day 30.

Results:
Among participants with a history of LASIK/PRK (n = 39 in the Pilo group, n = 41 in the vehicle group), responder rates for ≥3-line improvement in DCNVA on day 30 at hours 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10, respectively, were 16.7%, 38.9%, 41.7%, 37.8%, 16.2%, 13.9%, and 8.3% with Pilo and 0.0%, 2.6%, 10.5%, 5.1%, 7.7%, 2.6%, and 0.0% with vehicle. Responder rates in the LASIK/PRK subgroup were significantly higher with Pilo than vehicle at hours 0.25 (P = .0087), 0.5 (P = .0001), 1 (P = .0022), and 3 (P = .0005). In contrast, there were no significant differences in responder rates between Pilo-treated participants with and without LASIK/PRK. Among non-LASIK/PRK participants in the Pilo group (n = 336), responder rates for ≥3-line improvement in DCNVA on day 30 at hours 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10, respectively, were 16.8%, 32.7%, 39.0%, 28.0%, 17.4%, 12.6%, and 10.5%.

Conclusions:
Pilo treatment effectively and similarly improved DCNVA in presbyopes with or without a history of laser vision correction.
Comparative study of the glistening between four intraocular lens models assessed by OCT and deep learning
Authors: Fernández-Vigo José Ignacio , Macarro-Merino Ana , De Moura-Ramos Jose Joaquim , Alvarez-Rodriguez Lorena , Burgos-Blasco Barbara , Novo-Bujan Jorge , Ortega-Hortas Marcos , Fernández-Vigo José Ángel 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the glistening in 4 different models of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and deep learning (DL).

Setting:
Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada (Madrid, Spain).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Methods:
325 eyes were assessed for the presence and severity of glistening in 4 IOL models: ReSTOR+3 SN6AD1 (n = 41), SN60WF (n = 110), PanOptix TFNT (n = 128) and Vivity DFT015 (n = 46). The presence of glistening was analyzed using OCT, identifying the presence of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in the central area of the IOL. A manual and an original DL-based quantification algorithm designed for this purpose was applied.

Results:
Glistening was detected in 22 (53.7%) ReSTOR SN6AD1, 44 (40%) SN60WF, 49 (38.3%) PanOptix TFNT, and 4 (8.7%) Vivity DFT015 IOLs, when any grade was considered. In the comparison of the different types of IOLs, global glistening measured as total HRF was 17.3 ± 25.9 for the ReSTOR+3; 9.3 ± 15.7 for the SN60WF; 6.9 ± 10.5 for the PanOptix; and 1.2 ± 2.6 for the Vivity (P < .05). There was excellent agreement between manual and DL-based quantification (≥0.829).

Conclusions:
It is possible to quantify, classify and compare the glistening severity in different IOL models using OCT images in a simple and objective manner with a DL algorithm. In the comparative study, the Vivity presented the lowest severity of glistening.
Placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in patients with Alzheimer disease and healthy participants
Authors: Matthiesen Susan Tomczak , Sieg Mette , Andersen Stephanie Skøtt , Amanzio Martina , Finnerup Nanna Brix , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Gottrup Hanne , Vase Lene 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The role of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is largely unknown, with only few studies in the area. Therefore, this study aims to investigate to which extent placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia effects are present in patients experiencing mild-to-moderate AD. Twenty-one patients with AD (test population) and 26 healthy participants (HP; design validation) were exposed to thermal pain stimulation on 3 test days: Lidocaine condition (open/hidden lidocaine administration), capsaicin condition (open/hidden capsaicin administration), and natural history (no treatment), in a randomized, within-subject design. Open lidocaine and open capsaicin were accompanied by verbal suggestions for pain relief and pain increase, respectively. Expected pain and actual pain intensity were measured on a numerical rating scale (0-10). Placebo and nocebo effects were calculated as pain differences in open–hidden lidocaine and capsaicin, respectively, controlled for no treatment. Healthy participants obtained a placebo effect (P = 0.01) and a trend for a nocebo effect (P = 0.07). Patients with AD did not obtain a placebo effect (P = 0.44) nor a significant nocebo effect (P = 0.86). Healthy participants expected lower and higher pain with open vs hidden lidocaine and capsaicin, respectively (P < 0.001). The same expectation effects were seen in patients with AD (open vs hidden lidocaine, P = 0.008; open vs hidden capsaicin, P < 0.001). With a well-controlled experimental setting, this study suggests that patients with AD may not experience placebo analgesia effects. Nocebo hyperalgesia effects in patients with AD needs further research. These findings may have implications for the conduction of clinical trials and the treatment of patients with AD in clinical practice.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ureter With Early Recurrence and Multiple Metastases Shown on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tao Zihao , Qiu Yongkang , Huang Wenpeng , Wang Aixiang , Kang Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter is an extremely rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. We present rare interesting 18F-FDG PET/CT images of primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter in a 37-year-old man with early recurrence and multiple metastases 2 months after laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy and pelvic tumor resection. PET/CT showed high FDG-avid lesions in the pelvis, peritoneum, the left posterior wall of the bladder, and in the right lung, providing important value in the detection of recurrence and systemic metastases.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the Initial Diagnosis of Patients With Clinical, Imaging, and/or Biochemical Suspicion of a Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Metser Ur , Ezzat Shereen , Singh Simron , Myrehaug Sten , Rahimi Shiva , Gray Daryl , Singnurkar Amit 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the yield of somatostatin receptor PET in patients with clinical, imaging, and/or biochemical suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumor (NET).

Patients and Methods
This analysis includes patients referred for the initial diagnosis of an unconfirmed NET, as part of a prospective, single-arm registry study (NCT03873870) assessing the utility of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the management of NETs. Inclusion criteria to this cohort consisted of elevated biomarkers and/or clinical presentation suspicious for a NET, with negative conventional cross-sectional imaging, or presence of a lesion suspicious for a NET on conventional imaging, not amenable for biopsy. Patients with histological confirmation of a NET were excluded.

Results
There were 220 patients included between April 2019 and March 2022 with a mean age ± SD of 59.5 ± 16.1 years with biochemical, morphological, and/or clinical suspicion of a NET. Overall, 132/220 patients (60%) had a positive 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT confirmed a type 2 somatostatin receptor overexpressing tumor in 123/171 (71.9%) of patients with a radiographically suspicious abnormality. The positivity rate for pancreatic, small bowel/mesenteric, adrenal, and other sites was 78/96 (81.2%), 38/57 (66.7%), 7/7 (100%), and 1/11 (9.1%), respectively. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was positive in 9/49 (18.4%) of those with a biochemical and/or clinical suspicion of a NET.

Conclusions

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is positive in nearly 3 of 4 patients with morphological suspicion of a NET, with the highest yield in those with pancreatic and small bowel or mesenteric masses, and in approximately 1 of 6 patients with biochemical and/or clinical suspicion of a NET.
Increased Uptake of Brown Tumor in 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC Scintigraphy Mimicking Postoperative Recurrence of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Wang Peipei , Liu Meixi , Liu Yu , Jing Hongli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A 61-year-old man underwent a resection of tumor in the left tibia that caused osteomalacia 11 years ago. Postoperative bone pain and fatigue symptoms were briefly relieved but then recurred. To identify potential recurrent tumors, 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy was performed. Images revealed an osteolytic lesion in the right tibia with increased uptake. The lesion was subsequently resected, which pathologically proved a brown tumor. Symptoms of bone pain and weakness caused by osteomalacia did not relieve 4 months after the operation. Here, we present a rare case of brown tumor with high activity on 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT, mimicking a culprit tumor of osteomalacia.
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET Findings of Pegfilgrastim-Induced Aortitis With Other Types of Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Takamatsu Atsushi , Yoshida Kotaro , Watanabe Satoru , Komori Takahiro , Inoue Dai , Taki Junichi , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the ReportTo elucidate the PET/CT findings of pegfilgrastim-induced aortitis (PFIA) and compare them with those of other large-vessel vasculitis.MethodsWe enrolled 45 patients diagnosed with the following: PFIA, n = 8; Takayasu arteritis (TA), n = 12; giant cell arteritis (GCA), n = 6; and immunoglobulin G4–related aortitis (IgG4-A), n = 19. Records of PET/CT performed before treatment initiation were collected. The aorta and its branches were divided into 16 anatomic regions. Presence of abnormal18F-FDG uptake in each region was determined and measured.ResultsThe18F-FDG–positive areas of PFIA were distributed in the regions of the ascending aorta to the suprarenal abdominal aorta, cervical branches of the aorta, and external iliac arteries, similar to those of TA. However, TA had a higher proportion of18F-FDG–positive areas than PFIA in almost all anatomic regions. These areas of GCA were widespread throughout the entire aorta and the upper and lower limbs, whereas those of IgG4-A were observed from the abdominal aorta to iliac arteries. SUVmax, SUVpeak, metabolic volume, and total lesion glycolysis were higher in GCA than in PFIA, TA, and IgG4-A.ConclusionsPegfilgrastim-induced aortitis distribution on PET/CT was frequently observed in the aorta, cervical branches, and extra iliac arteries. The low proportion of18F-FDG–positive areas in PFIA was different from that of TA, GCA, and IgG4-A. These findings may help identify and differentiate various aortitis types in clinical practice.
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis
Authors: Liu Mengna , Liu Huipan , Chen Xi , Zhang Song , Cai Liang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A 57-year-old woman without hepatitis B or immunodeficiency presented with right upper abdominal pain and cough for 3 months. CT revealed one nodule in the lung and another in the liver. Both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake in these 2 nodules, suggesting pulmonary carcinoma with hepatic metastasis. Finally, biopsies of these 2 nodules demonstrated the diagnoses of hepatic adenocarcinoma and pulmonary cryptococcosis. This case highlights that cryptococcosis can be FAPI-avid.
The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhao Minghao , Luo Yuna , Guo Ziying , Mu Lin , Lu Jianjian 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the use of tranexamic acid in craniomaxillofacial surgery by meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) mainly in 3 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) before August 2022. We collected and managed data for weighted mean difference of intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, and operation time for the study. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, the tranexamic acid group showed a reduction in intraoperative blood loss of 198.67 ml (95% CI: −258.84 to −138.50 ml, P<0.00001), with blood transfusion requirement decreased by 7.77 ml/kg (95% CI: −10.80 to −4.73, P<0.0001) and less operation time (weighted mean difference= −10.39 min; 95% CI: −16.49 to −4.30 min, P=0.0008).
Development and Validation of a Novel Literature-Based Method to Identify Disparity-Sensitive Surgical Quality Metrics
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Levine Adele A , Sidey-Gibbons Chris J , Udyavar N Rhea , Liu Charles , Lamaina Margherita , Maggard Gibbons Melinda A , Ko Clifford Y , Burstin Helen R , Haider Adil H , Hoyt David B , Schoenfeld Andrew J , Weissman Joel S , Britt LD 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:Disparity in surgical care impedes the delivery of uniformly high-quality care. Metrics that quantify disparity in care can help identify areas for needed intervention. A literature-based Disparity-Sensitive Score (DSS) system for surgical care was adapted by the Metrics for Equitable Access and Care in Surgery (MEASUR) group. The alignment between the MEASUR DSS and Delphi ratings of an expert advisory panel (EAP) regarding the disparity sensitivity of surgical quality metrics was assessed.STUDY DESIGN:Using DSS criteria MEASUR co-investigators scored 534 surgical metrics which were subsequently rated by the EAP. All scores were converted to a 9-point scale. Agreement between the new measurement technique (ie DSS) and an established subjective technique (ie importance and validity ratings) were assessed using the Bland-Altman method, adjusting for the linear relationship between the paired difference and the paired average. The limit of agreement (LOA) was set at 1.96 SD (95%).RESULTS:The percentage of DSS scores inside the LOA was 96.8% (LOA, 0.02 points) for the importance rating and 94.6% (LOA, 1.5 points) for the validity rating. In comparison, 94.4% of the 2 subjective EAP ratings were inside the LOA (0.7 points).CONCLUSIONS:Applying the MEASUR DSS criteria using available literature allowed for identification of disparity-sensitive surgical metrics. The results suggest that this literature-based method of selecting quality metrics may be comparable to more complex consensus-based Delphi methods. In fields with robust literature, literature-based composite scores may be used to select quality metrics rather than assembling consensus panels.