bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalization of unaimed fire Lanchester’s model in multi-battle warfare
Authors: Cangiotti N. , Capolli M. , Sensi M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe classical Lanchester’s model is shortly reviewed and analysed, with particular attention to the critical issues that intrinsically arise from the mathematical formalization of the problem. We then generalize a particular version of such a model describing the dynamics of warfare when three or more armies are involved in the conflict. Several numerical simulations are provided.
Semiparametric Trend Analysis for Stratified Recurrent Gap Times Under Weak Comparability Constraint
Authors: Liu Peng , Huang Yijian , Chan Kwun Chuen Gary , Chen Ying Qing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecurrent event data are frequently encountered in many longitudinal studies where each individual may experience more than one event. Wang and Chen (Biometrics 56(3):789–794, 2000) proposed a comparability constraint to estimate the time trend for the gap times, where the gap time pairs that satisfy the constraint have the same conditional distribution. However, the comparable paired gap times are also independent. Therefore, the comparable gap time pairs will be subject to a stronger constraint than needed for the estimation. Thus their procedure is subject to information loss. Under the accelerated failure time model, we propose a new comparability constraint that can overcome the drawback mentioned above. The gap time pairs being selected by the proposed comparability constraint will still have the same distribution, but they do not need to be independent of each other. We showed that the proposed comparability constraint will utilize more gap time data pairs than the strong comparability. And we showed via various simulation studies that the variance will be smaller than Wang and Chen’s (2000) estimator. We apply the proposed method to the HIV Prevention Trial Network 052 study.
Synthesis of Antibacterial Bioactive Compounds Using Linoleic Acid Extracted from Melon Seeds Oil and Evaluation of Its Waste Meal Ash for Fried Oil Regeneration
Authors: Soliman Hanaa M. , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to use linoleic acid extracted from melon seed oil for the development of biological compounds, and to use the ash of melon seed cake for fried oil treatment. Eight active compounds were developed using linoleic acid and the elucidation of their structure was established according to elemental analysis and spectral data. The developed compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity. The melon seed cake was carbonized for the treatment of fried oils. The melon seed oil was rich in linoleic acid (61.4%) and it contains several fatty acids including lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidic, and paulinic in concentrations of 0.2%, 0.73%, 11.7%, 0.11%, 10.3%, 14.1%, 0.49%, 0.19%, and 0.1%, respectively. The extracted linoleic acid showed a high refractive index (1.471), iodine value (122.3 g I2/100 g), saponification (184.42 mg KOH/g), low peroxide value (3.9 meq/kg oil), polymer content (1.00%), polar contents (1.95%), and moisture content (42 g/kg). The melon seed ash was rich in several metals including magnesium (743.5 mg/kg), calcium (137 mg/kg), sodium (12.95 mg/kg), potassium (1040 mg/kg), chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury in concentrations of 0.072, 40.88, 19.29, 3.334, 8.21, 0.005, 0.005 mg/kg, respectively, as well as arsenic (0.09 mg/kg), lead (0.044 mg/kg), phosphorus (1222 mg/kg) and selenium (0.13 mg/kg) which they improved the physic-chemical properties of fried oils. Linoleic acid was used for the development of 9 compounds with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the melon seed ash improved the chemical characteristic of used cotton and sunflower oils. Therefore, the linoleic acid extracted from melon seed oil is a promising source for the development of antibacterial agents and the leftover cake is promising for the production of adsorbent material suitable for fried oils treatment.
Graphical Abstract
Machine learning regression implementation for high-frequency seismic wave attenuation estimation in the Aswan Reservoir area, Egypt
Authors: Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Mohamed Gad-Elkareem A. , Elhadidy Mahmoud S. , Abdalzaher Mohamed S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAttenuation characteristics have been estimated to understand the effect of the heterogeneity in the tectonically active Aswan Reservoir, the southern part of Egypt using data collected by a ten-station local seismological network operating across the reservoir. The quality factor was estimated from 350 waveform spectra of P- and S-waves from 50 earthquakes. By applying a spectral ratio technique to bandpass-filtered seismograms, obtained results show variations in both P-waves attenuation ($$Q_\alpha$$

Q
α

) and corresponding S-waves ($$Q_\beta$$

Q
β

) as a function of frequency, according to the power law $$Q=Q_0 \times f^n$$

Q
=

Q
0

×

f
n

, with n ranging between 0.85 and 1.19 for P-waves and between 0.92 and 1.18 for S-waves. A supervised machine learning algorithm known as Orthogonal distance regression was utilized to fit the attenuation power law functions. Estimates of $$Q_\alpha$$

Q
α

and $$Q_\beta$$

Q
β

show a clear dependence on frequency. The frequency-dependent attenuation is found to be $$Q_\alpha = (11.22 \pm 2.2) \times f^{(1.09 \pm 0.07)}$$

Q
α

=

(
11.22
±
2.2
)

×

f

(
1.09
±
0.07
)

and $$Q_\beta = (9.89 \pm 1.89) \times f^{(1.14 \pm 0.07)}$$

Q
β

=

(
9.89
±
1.89
)

×

f

(
1.14
±
0.07
)

for P- and S-waves, respectively. The average ratio $$Q_\alpha /Q_\beta$$

Q
α

/

Q
β

is higher than unity, which is commonly observed in tectonically active regions characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity of the crustal structure of the area. Final results indicate that seismic wave attenuation in the AHDR region is highly frequency-dependent. Moreover, estimated low values of $$Q_0$$

Q
0

clearly highlight the heterogeneity of the AHDR with considerably high seismic activity. These findings will be useful in any future assessment of seismic hazards and the damage pattern of earthquakes.
Training of Greek Public Administrators in Legal Knowledge Management by Using the Legislation Editing Open Software (LEOS)
Authors: Fitsilis Fotios , Papastylianou Anastasia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article describes the evolution of an innovative legal interoperability laboratory within the National School of Public Administration and Local Government in Athens, Greece. While critically analysing its general scope, objectives and structure, the knowledge management perspective of an interoperable legal informatics solution for handling big open legal data is brought into focus. In the context of the laboratory, the use of Legislation Editing Open Software (LEOS), a legal informatics tool that has been developed as a European Union ISA2 solution, is highlighted. Different aspects of and lessons learned from the training of public administrators are discussed while assessing this operations support system for potential use as a web-based authoring tool by the Hellenic public service. The evaluation of both the laboratory and the tool was conducted based on expert surveys, and possible upgrades are discussed to make the training of public administration more efficient.
Effects of climate change on groundwater level variations affected by uncertainty (case study: Razan aquifer)
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Moein , Shabanlou Saeid , Rajabi Ahmad , Yosefvand Fariborz , IzadBakhsh Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this research, the impact of the human factors and climate change on groundwater level fluctuations affected by uncertainty within 27-year upcoming period (2018–2045) in the Razan Plain is examined. To simulate the aquifer performance, the GMS model is calibrated and verified for two 18-month periods, respectively. To forecast climate variables changes in the future time-frame, six CMIP5 models with three scenarios Rcp 2.6, Rcp 4.5 and Rcp 8.5 are utilized. To study the prediction uncertainty of the climate change models, the method of probabilistic levels of precipitation and temperature changes were used. In this technique, by combining 6 climate change models and 3 mentioned scenarios for each month, 18 prediction values for ∆T and ∆P in upcoming years were approximated. After that, by implementing appropriate distribution for each month, next values of ∆T and ∆P in the probabilistic levels of 50% and 90% are estimated. Finally, in two probabilistic levels of 50% and 90% considering the uncertainty of general circulation models, the climate variables of precipitation and temperature were forecasted. Eventually, based on the probabilistic level technique and using the GMS model, the influence of the human factors and climate change on the groundwater level variations under these scenarios are determined. Results showed that climatic factors have a lesser contribution in reducing the groundwater level in the plain, and the largest contribution is related to human factors and excessive withdrawal from the aquifer. The contribution of climate change in the reduction of the groundwater level in probability scenarios of 0.9 and 0.5 and emission scenarios Rcp8.5, Rcp4.5 and Rcp2.6 is about 40.8, 24.3, 32.3, 27.6 and 22.2 percent respectively. Based on these results, the first priority for aquifer planning and management should be focused on human activities and controlling the amount of withdrawal from the aquifer. These results clearly show that the main cause of creating sinkholes and the sharp reduction of the groundwater level in the region is the excessive extraction of groundwater resources as a result of human activities, including agriculture and industrial demands, and not climate change.
Regional water resources security assessment and optimization path analysis in karst areas based on emergy ecological footprint
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Wenjie , Long Jie , Chen Mengyu , Nie Junli , Liu Pu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the continuous growth of the world's social economy and population, problems such as water shortage and water environment deterioration need to be solved urgently. Combining the emergy carrying capacity of water resources and the emergy ecological footprint method, the water security and sustainable development status of the typical city in the karst region (Anshun City) was evaluated, and the internal driving factors and optimization suggestions were discussed. The research results of water security in Anshun City show that: The water resources carrying capacity fluctuates greatly with rainfall and is generally in a low-level surplus state. The ecological pressure index and the sustainable utilization index show a downward trend. The pressure intensity of social and economic systems on water resources is increasing, and the sustainable development of water resources is not optimistic. Water resources security is mainly affected by natural ecological mechanisms centered on mountain systems, geological structures and hydrological systems, as well as social mechanisms centered on changes in population scale, land development and utilization, and urban development. In the future, the sustainable development of water resources can be promoted by changing the mode of economic development, optimizing the allocation of water resources, and protecting the ecological environment.
On complete Kählerian manifolds endowed with closed conformal vector fields
Authors: Alías Luis J. , Caminha Antonio , Nascimento F. Yure do 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet $${\overline{M}}^{2n}$$

M
¯

2
n

, $$n>1$$

n
>
1

, be a complete, noncompact Kählerian manifold, endowed with a nontrivial closed conformal vector field $$\xi $$
ξ
having at least one singular point. Under a reasonable set of conditions, we show that $$\xi $$
ξ
has just one singular point p and that $${\overline{M}}{\setminus }\{p\}$$

M
¯

\

{
p
}

is isometric to a one dimensional cone over a simply connected Sasakian manifold N diffeomorphic to $${\mathbb {S}}^{2n-1}$$

S

2
n
-
1

.As a straightforward consequence, we conclude that if the addition of a single point to the Kählerian cone of a $$(2n-1)$$

(
2
n
-
1
)

-dimensional Sasakian manifold N has the structure of a complete, noncompact, 2n-dimensional Kählerian manifold whose metric extends that of the cone, and such that the canonical vector field of the cone extends to it having a singularity at the extra point, then N is isometric to $$\mathbb S^{2n-1}$$

S

2
n
-
1

, endowed with an appropriate Sasakian structure.
Sorption capacity of biochars obtained by gasification of rice husks and wild sugarcane: removal of malachite green and arsenic from water solutions
Authors: Barría Yorgelis , Burbano Aura , James Arthur , Gascó Gabriel , Méndez Ana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The presence of contaminants in water has been of great concern worldwide, as it causes health risks to living organisms and general deterioration of the environment. Therefore, their elimination is essential. In the present study, rice husk (BRH) and wild sugarcane (BWS) biochars obtained by gasification were evaluated for their use as sorbents of malachite green dye (MG) and arsenite [As (III)] in aqueous solution. The chemical composition and physical structure of the two biochars were characterized by various techniques, including elemental analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, FTIR, and Z potential. In addition, the adsorbate removal rate was determined using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Batch sorption studies were carried out to remove arsenite and MG from aqueous solutions, considering the operating parameters such as initial solution pH, temperature, contact time, concentration, and temperature. The results showed that 120 min contact time is enough to reach sorption equilibrium. The percent removal of BRH and BWS to MG was 61.99% and 97.46%, respectively, while for arsenite, it was 82.79% and 82.36%, respectively. The kinetic analysis concluded that the sorption process predominantly followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both case studies since the R
2 value is approximately one. The sorption capacity calculated based on this model fitted better with the sorption capacity experimental. Finally, it was demonstrated that BRH and BWS biochars obtained as a by-product of rice husk and wild sugarcane gasification could be used as low-cost sorbent materials to remove MG dye and arsenite from an aqueous solution.
Out of Control: How to Design Digital Placebos
Authors: Blease Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Placebo terminology and their applications are well embedded in clinical and research contexts. This review seeks to clarify the principles of good placebo control design and to offer recommendations for improving placebos in digital mental healthcare.

Recent Findings
Terminological confusions associated with understanding the function of placebos in pharmacology and psychotherapy reveal an underappreciation of the challenges associated with designing adequate placebo controls in clinical trials. It would be surprising if similar challenges did not arise with the testing of digital therapeutics, and emerging evidence shows an attendant lack of placebo literacy in digital health.

Summary
Despite the burgeoning health app economy with tens of thousands of apps now available to download by consumers, few researchers have interrogated what constitutes a good placebo control in digital healthcare. This review sought to disambiguate placebo concepts and to offer recommendations for improving placebo design to advance and future proof the field digital therapeutics.
New XAI tools for selecting suitable 3D printing facilities in ubiquitous manufacturing
Authors: Wang Yu-Cheng , Chen Toly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been applied to assist in the selection of suitable three-dimensional (3D) printing facilities in ubiquitous manufacturing (UM). However, AI applications in this field may not be easily understood or communicated with, especially for decision-makers without relevant background knowledge, hindering the widespread acceptance of such applications. Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed to address this problem. This study first reviews existing XAI techniques to explain AI applications in selecting suitable 3D printing facilities in UM. This study addresses the deficiencies of existing XAI applications by proposing four new XAI techniques: (1) a gradient bar chart with baseline, (2) a group gradient bar chart, (3) a manually adjustable gradient bar chart, and (4) a bidirectional scatterplot. The proposed methodology was applied to a case in the literature to demonstrate its effectiveness. The bidirectional scatterplot results from the experiment demonstrated the suitability of the 3D printing facilities in terms of their proximity. Furthermore, manually adjustable gradient bars increased the effectiveness of the AI application by decision-makers subjectively adjusting the derived weights. Furthermore, only the proposed methodology fulfilled most requirements for an effective XAI tool in this AI application.
Electrochemically Grown Ultrathin Platinum Nanosheet Electrodes with Ultralow Loadings for Energy-Saving and Industrial-Level Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Lei , Xie Zhiqiang , Yu Shule , Wang Weitian , Terekhov Alexander Y. , Canfield Brian K. , Capuano Christopher B. , Keane Alex , Ayers Kathy , Cullen David A. , Zhang Feng-Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanostructured catalyst-integrated electrodes with remarkably reduced catalyst loadings, high catalyst utilization and facile fabrication are urgently needed to enable cost-effective, green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs). Herein, benefitting from a thin seeding layer, bottom-up grown ultrathin Pt nanosheets (Pt-NSs) were first deposited on thin Ti substrates for PEMECs via a fast, template- and surfactant-free electrochemical growth process at room temperature, showing highly uniform Pt surface coverage with ultralow loadings and vertically well-aligned nanosheet morphologies. Combined with an anode-only Nafion 117 catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), the Pt-NS electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.015 mgPt cm−2 demonstrates superior cell performance to the commercial CCM (3.0 mgPt cm−2), achieving 99.5% catalyst savings and more than 237-fold higher catalyst utilization. The remarkable performance with high catalyst utilization is mainly due to the vertically well-aligned ultrathin nanosheets with good surface coverage exposing abundant active sites for the electrochemical reaction. Overall, this study not only paves a new way for optimizing the catalyst uniformity and surface coverage with ultralow loadings but also provides new insights into nanostructured electrode design and facile fabrication for highly efficient and low-cost PEMECs and other energy storage/conversion devices.
Through-thickness distribution of bamboo tensile strength parallel to fibres
Authors: Al-Rukaibawi Layth S. , Károlyi György 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A tensile test program of Moso bamboo samples was carried out in order to obtain information on the radial distribution of elastic and strength properties. In accordance with previous studies, the elastic modulus and the tensile strength were found to increase outwards in the radial direction. This spatial dependence was compared with the distribution of the fibre content of the layers and found excellent correlation suggesting that the fibres are the main load bearing components. The fibre content was quantified using regression analysis in the radial direction as 0.1 (inner layer), 0.19 (middle-1 layer), 0.28 (middle-2 layer) and 0.44 (outer layer). The Rule of Mixture theory allowed the estimation of the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of the main individual components, the fibres and the parenchyma matrix.

Article Highlights

Radial distribution of bamboo fibres across the culm wall and stiffness properties obtained from tensile test parallel to fibres were compared.

The radial distribution of bamboo fibres was analysed in layers using image analysis software.

The tensile failure mechanisms of bamboo samples were identified and found to depend on fibre content.
Negotiating Your Way Through the Vigilance Agreement Maze—is There a Better Way?
Authors: Corbel-Ecalard Catherine , Kilgour-Christie Jean , Trun Weronika , Lewis David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe pharmacovigilance agreements (PVA) landscape has evolved over recent decades with rapid growth in the number and complexity of partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions between pharmaceutical companies. Simultaneously there has been increasing scrutiny from regulatory authorities. Detailed regulations and guidance are lacking in this domain; hence companies have developed their own processes, templates, and tools, which have headed in different directions. Where feasible, marketing authorization holders (MAHs) have written contracts based on mutually understood requirements. Currently, MAHs are striving to find optimal solutions that safeguard patients, and in turn, support pharmacovigilance compliance. Through the TransCelerate BioPharma consortium MAHs are seeking simplification and efficiencies, to optimize the process of developing contractual agreements for pharmacovigilance. A survey of MAHs confirmed the perceptions above, and the need for efficient solutions to help navigate through the maze of complexity. The authors have led the development of tools and techniques to enable partnership between MAHs, and ultimately to support patient safety.
A prediction model for low functional status after colorectal cancer surgery: A retrospective cohort study using administrative data
Authors: Fukuda Taeko , Imai Shinobu , Maruo Kazushi , Horiguchi Hiromasa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of all cancer incidences globally and often affects older populations and people with poor nutrition. As such, we developed a prediction model for low functional status following CRC surgery using inpatient data collected during routine practice, and investigated the relationship between low functional status and outcomes.

Methods
Data from 690 patients who underwent CRC surgery were analysed, and the Barthel Index was used to evaluate functional status [activity of daily living (ADL)]. A low-ADL status was defined as a lower score at discharge than at admission, and unchanged complete dependence from admission to discharge. The model input data included 10 basic characteristics, eight comorbidities, and four laboratory parameters. The final model was developed using stepwise logistic regression.

Results
The low-ADL predictive model was successfully developed using nine variables: age, ADL dependence, nursing home residency, ambulance use, disturbance of consciousness on admission, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, low creatinine, and low protein (c-statistics = 0.857). Only 6.5% of high-ADL patients were unable to return home following discharge; in contrast, 53.5% of low-ADL patients were unable to return home. Low-ADL patients also had significantly longer post-operative hospital stays and higher medical costs than high-ADL patients.

Conclusion
Low-ADL patients had decreased rates of discharge to homes, experienced longer hospital stays, and incurred higher medical costs than high-ADL patients. Pre-operative prediction of low ADL status is important, and essential for taking efficient preventive measures.

Highlights