bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrinological Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Thaíse Eduarda Arroyo Ricci  , Gabriel Victor Rebouças Freire  , Aliandro Willy Duarte Magalhães  , Maynara Floresti Ferrari  , Laura Seroni Denardi  , Letícia Bassi Garcia  , Sabrina Reis Barros  , Bruna dos Santos Martins Moraes  , Luana Heloisa Ferreira dos Santos  , Amanda Alves Martins  , Laisy Bárbara Souza Silva  
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of neuroendocrine dysfunction, primarily affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Hypopituitarism, particularly involving growth hormone, gonadotropins, ACTH, and TSH deficiencies, is frequently observed in TBI survivors. The underlying pathophysiology includes direct mechanical damage, vascular compromise, and neuroinflammatory processes that impair hormone secretion. Despite its significant impact on metabolism, cognition, and overall recovery, endocrine dysfunction remains underdiagnosed due to its nonspecific presentation and overlap with other post-TBI sequelae.
OBJETIVE To comprehensively analyze the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of endocrine dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury.
METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Traumatic Brain Injury” OR “Endocrine Dysfunction” OR “Hypopituitarism” OR “Neuroinflammation” OR “Hormonal Deficiencies” in the last years.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural pituitary abnormalities in some patients, although functional impairments may occur even in the absence of detectable changes. Laboratory testing remains essential for diagnosis, with dynamic hormone stimulation tests playing a crucial role in detecting deficiencies. Growth hormone deficiency is one of the most common post-TBI endocrinopathies, contributing to metabolic disturbances, muscle wasting, and reduced quality of life. Hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, and thyroid dysfunction further complicate the clinical course, necessitating early detection and appropriate management. Emerging research suggests that neuroinflammatory mechanisms, genetic predispositions, and autoimmunity may play roles in the pathogenesis of post-TBI endocrine dysfunction.

CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up and endocrine screening are essential for optimizing patient outcomes, as some deficiencies manifest years after the initial injury. Hormonal replacement therapy has shown benefits in restoring metabolic balance and improving neurocognitive function. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic protocols, identifying predictive biomarkers, and developing targeted neuroprotective strategies. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating neurology, endocrinology, and rehabilitation medicine, is critical for improving the long-term prognosis of TBI survivors with endocrine dysfunction.
Optymalizacja współczynników modelu BELLS3 w celu zwiększenia precyzji obliczeń temperatury warstw asfaltowych w pomiarach FWD i TSD
Authors: Sudyka Jacek , Mechowski Tomasz , Harasim Przemysław , Graczyk Mirosław , Matysek Andrzej 
Published: February 2025

W artykule omówiono proces optymalizacji modelu BELLS3, służącego do prognozowania temperatury warstw asfaltowych, szczególnie w pomiarach ugięć na polskich drogach. Model BELLS3, oparty na danych z programu Long-Term Pavement Performance, jest popularnym narzędziem umożliwiającym szybkie i bezkontaktowe oszacowanie temperatury warstw asfaltowych na różnych głębokościach. Jednakże jego dokładność może być ograniczona w kontekście lokalnych warunków klimatycznych, które różnią się od tych uwzględnionych w oryginalnym modelu. W pracy przeprowadzono analizę weryfikacyjną, testując model na danych z pomiarów FWD, a następnie dokonano jego optymalizacji za pomocą metody najmniejszych kwadratów (MNK). To podejście dało niewielką poprawę dokładności (zaledwie o 1%) przy jednoczesnej redukcji błędu do 2,12°C. Dlatego zdecydowano o rozszerzeniu analizy o zastosowanie metody uczenia maszynowego (MARS), która pozwala na uzyskanie postaci jawnej modelu. Rozwiązanie to poprawiło dokładność o 6%, redukując błąd do 1,84°C. Na tej podstawie zasugerowano dalsze badania nad modelami hybrydowymi i opartymi na sztucznej inteligencji, które mogłyby zwiększyć skuteczność prognozowania temperatury warstw asfaltowych w lokalnych warunkach klimatycznych.
Comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for the nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaolan , Tang Chun , Tan Hong , Lei Jingmei , Li Li 
Published: February 2025

Objective
We aim to analyze the effects of different nonpharmacological interventions on the nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted up to October 12, 2023 were searched in the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, VIP databases, and China Biomedical Literature Database. R and Review Manager software were used for data analysis, the quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Bias Tool RoB2.0, the reliability of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines, and sources of heterogeneity were explored through sensitivity analyses. This study was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023458187.

Results
A total of 54 studies met the criteria, 3,861 patients were enrolled in this study, and 11 interventions were explored. The results of the network meta-analysis (NMA) showed that dietary intervention is the best intervention in terms of improving patients’ body mass index and serum albumin levels and health education is the best intervention in terms of improving patients’ hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion
This NMA confirmed that different nonpharmacological interventions benefit the nutritional status of patients on MHD, providing novel insights for healthcare practitioners. However, high-quality RCTs should be designed to validate the stability of the level of evidence for different nonpharmacological interventions.
Comparative Analysis of Indigenous Tree Seed Germination for a Revamping Biodiverse Reforestation
Authors: W-M Ndayitwayeko , R Habonayo , A Nduwimana , O Ndayitwayeko 
Published: February 2025

Aims: This paper is to carry out a comparative analysis on seed germination of four indigenous tree varieties so that they may be used for reforestation and enhancing biodiversity in their ecosystems.
Study Design: An experimental research was on four indigenous tree varieties were chosen based on their socio-economic and biodiversity importance: Maesopsis eminii (Umuhumure) ; Albizia gummifera (umusebeyi), Entandrophragma excelsum (Umuyove) and Prunus africana (Umuremera). Three substracts were separately prepared in which 100 seeds of each varieties were planted and their growth were monitored daily in were controlled nursery.
Place and Duration of Study: From October to December 2023, data were collected after 5 days on the following indicators, growth, cinetic and duration of germination. Analytical tools such as anova and regression were applied.
Methodology: Three substracts were separately prepared in which 100 seeds of each varieties were planted and their growth were monitored daily in were controlled nursery.
Results: The number of grain germinated increased as the time goes by but it is the variety Umuhumure which marked with a higher and steady growth than other variety and Umusebeyi, 80 out of 100, tops in the number of grain germinated after three months. The study shows that rates of growth were 74, 37, 29 and 14 out of 100 for Umusebeyi, Umuremera, Umuyove and Umuhumure respectively. On overall, with one-way ANOVA, means of grains germinated of the three indigenous trees are significantly different (<0.01) when grain variety factor is considered but when the interaction between variety and replication are also considered (two-way ANOVA), the two have a significant effect on the number of grains germinated (<0.01). Other findings are the effect of the germinated grains depends on the number of replication and period of grains growth (in terms of days). 6% and 48% variations explain the interaction between replication and type of variety on one hand and the number of variety growth on the other hand.
Conclusion: the Albizia gummifera (Umusebeyi) to be considered when the reforestation of indigenous tree is undertaken. However, other varieties may be used if the right substracts and growth conditions are found.
Representation Quotients to Examine Diversity in Ophthalmology Residency Applicants and Matriculants
Authors: Paracha Saba S. , Williams Shani A. , Shamshad Alizeh , Persad-Paisley Elijah M. , Migliori Michael E. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceA diverse ophthalmic workforce is key to equitable care, and identifying areas of underrepresentation is important in tackling vision care disparities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diversity of applicants and matriculants in ophthalmology residency programs relative to medical school graduates and analyze the intersection of race and gender within this pathway.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from 2022 to 2024 used representation quotients (RQs) using reports from the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology and San Francisco Match, along with demographic data from the Association of American Medical Colleges from 2008 to 2021. RQs measure equity by dividing a racial, ethnic, or gender group’s proportion in a specific population by its proportion in a larger reference population. Individuals who graduated from US medical schools from 2008 to 2021 or who applied to or matriculated into US ophthalmology residency programs from 2015 to 2021 and from 2008 to 2021, respectively, were eligible for inclusion.ExposureApplying to or matriculating into ophthalmology residency.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was median RQs and trends among racial, ethnic, and gender groups for ophthalmology applicants (RQapp) and matriculants (RQmat), with RQ differences evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsAmong total applicants (n = 5304) and matriculants (n = 6139), 36% and 42% of applicants and matriculants, respectively, were female (applicants: 28% Asian, 4% Black, 7% Hispanic, and 47% White; matriculants: 31% Asian, 3% Black, 5% Hispanic, and 57% White). Self-identified Black individuals had the lowest median (IQR) RQs (RQapp, 0.604 [0.437-0.771]; RQmat, 0.469 [0.341-0.597]). Regression analysis revealed increased representation for male applicants (slope, 0.036; 95% CI, 0.015-0.057; P = .007) and matriculants (slope, 0.009; 95% CI, 0.002-0.016; P = .02), but decreased representation for female applicants (slope, –0.031; 95% CI, –0.010 to –0.102; P = .01) and matriculants (slope, –0.009; 95% CI, –0.016 to –0.002; P = .02). Black (RQapp, 0.604 vs RQmat, 0.469; P = .047) and Hispanic (RQapp, 1.46 vs RQmat, 1.04; P = .03) groups experienced a decrease between applicant and matriculants.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional retrospective study found persistent underrepresentation of Black and female individuals in ophthalmology residency programs, with increases in Black and Hispanic applicants failing to translate into higher matriculation rates. Barriers that female or Black medical students face when applying or matriculating into ophthalmology residency may contribute to their underrepresentation in the field.
Temperature Excursion of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agents During Home Storage
Authors: Ben Ghezala Inès , Steinberg Laure-Anne , Sibert Maxime , Lazzarotti Aline , Ambresin Aude , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceSome patients worldwide are asked to acquire an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent from a pharmacy, store it, and then bring it to a physician for intravitreal injection (IVT). Anti-VEGF agents must be stored in the refrigerator to avoid bacterial contamination or denaturation. Some cases of severe intraocular inflammation have been reported following IVT of more recently approved anti-VEGF agents, which might be explained by thermal instability.ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients followed the storage temperature guidelines for intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in daily clinical practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quality improvement study, performed between May 27 and June 7, 2024, at the Ophthalmology Department of Dijon University Hospital in Dijon, France, included all consecutive patients with new or renewed prescriptions for intravitreal anti-VEGF agents for any macular disease.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll participants were given a time-temperature indicator that changed color according to brief (2-12 hours), moderate (12-48 hours), and prolonged (≥48 hours) exposure over 8 °C. The indicator was activated at the time of the anti-VEGF agent delivery to the participant in community pharmacies.ResultsDuring the study period, 50 participants were prescribed intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and were given a time-temperature indicator. A total of 38 participants (24 [63.2%] female; median age, 79.3 [IQR, 74.3-86.3] years) returned for their IVT with an analyzable indicator. Of the 38 analyzable indicators, all showed temperature excursions above the threshold of 8 °C, including 26 (68.4%) for 12 to 48 hours and 11 (28.9%) for 48 hours or longer. Following anti-VEGF agent IVT, no participant experienced any ocular adverse effect that might be associated with severe intraocular inflammation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, temperature excursions of anti-VEGF agents above 8 °C for 48 hours or longer were recorded for 28.9% of participants during home storage. While it is unknown how these 38 participants relate to other patients worldwide who are required to obtain their own anti-VEGF agents, these findings suggest that patients need education about the importance of rigorous maintenance of cold storage of their anti-VEGF agents.
Competitive Solvation Structures via Hetero‐Salt Additive Strategy Enables Temperature‐Adaptive Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Pei , Lin Jialin , Wang Zian , Li Weijie , Chen Yuejiao , Zhou Liangjun , Chen Libao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wei Weifeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) are the ultimate choice for high‐energy density sodium‐based batteries. However, their practicality is still constrained by the uncontrolled side reactions and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) between the electrolyte and Na‐metal anode. Herein, a hetero‐salt additive (Lithium difluorophosphate, LiDFP) strategy is proposed to optimize the solvation structure of pseudo gel‐polymer electrolyte (pGPE) and construct robust SEI on Na metal anode, thereby enhancing Na+ deposition/stripping kinetics. Detailed characterization reveals that Li+ with lower binding energy to solvent molecules can steal solvent molecules from Na+ coordination environment, and then push anions to further coordinate with Na+. The formed anion‐enriched solvation structure can assist to restrain side reactions and form a robust inorganics‐dominated SEI on Na metal anode. Consequently, such optimization effectively realizes outstanding electrochemical performance of the cells under wide operation temperature (−20 to 70 °C) and prolongs cycling life (1900 h) of Na plating/stripping. Furthermore, paired with commercial NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) cathode and hard carbon (HC) anode, the pouch cell using pGPE+0.5%LiDFP delivers a high‐capacity retention of 87.5% at 45 °C after 250 cycles. It is believed that this work affords emerging chances for the rational electrolyte design of stable wide‐temperate SIBs.
Rod‐Shaped Microgel Scaffolds with Interconnective Pores and Oxygen‐generating Functions Promote Skin Wound Healing and Alleviate Hypertrophic Scar Formation
Authors: Kang Yongyuan , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Jie , Peng Pai , Liang Min , Wang Qiaoxuan , Zheng Weiwei , Li Shifen , Gao Changyou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe processes of skin wound healing and scar formation are complex, often involving hypoxia and inflammation, which create a pathological microenvironment that impedes normal healing. Improving wound oxygenation and reducing inflammation are crucial for accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Traditional dressings like sponges, gauze, and hydrogels struggle to balance moisture retention, breathability, and exudate absorption. To address these challenges, rod‐shaped microgel scaffolds with larger surface areas and interconnected porous structures are explored to enhance gas transport, promoting wound oxygenation and moisture retention, thus accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to mediate the formation of microgels‐assembled scaffold and to load catalase (CAT) for enhanced bioactivity. In vitro experiments showed that this material alleviated oxidative stress and reduced the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and the downstream transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway in fibroblasts. The incorporation of CAT showed a significant promotion of M2‐phenotype macrophage polarization. In vivo studies on rat and rabbit wounds demonstrated that the microgel scaffolds significantly improved exudate absorption and breathability, maintaining a moist and oxygenated environment. These scaffolds reduced tissue hypoxia, accelerated wound healing, and decreased hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. This innovative method leveraged the unique properties of microgels to effectively enhance skin tissue regeneration.
Smart Polymeric 3D Microscaffolds Hosting Spheroids for Neuronal Research via Quantum Metrology
Authors: Costa Beatriz N. L. , Marote Ana , Barbosa Catarina , Campos Jonas , Salgado António J. , Nieder Jana B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractToward the aim of reducing animal testing, innovative in vitro models are required. Here, this study proposes a novel smart polymeric microscaffold to establish an advanced 3D model of dopaminergic neurons. These scaffolds are fabricated with Ormocomp via Two‐Photon Polymerization. The scaffolds are further enhanced by functionalization with fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), which can serve as quantum nanosensors for both magnetic and temperature sensing. The material biocompatibility is tested using two different cell lines, SH‐SY5Y and A431, with cell viability over 98%. A total of 69% of the FNDs are grafted on the structure compared to those that remained on the glass surface. Cells are tested with the scaffolds in several microenvironments, and the final assembly required for 3D quantum metrology experiments achieved 91% biocompatibility. Subsequently, embryoid bodies containing dopaminergic neurons, the cell type affected by Parkinson's disease (PD), are integrated with FND‐functionalized scaffolds. This 3D model is successfully established, demonstrated by strong interactions between dopaminergic neurons and the scaffold, with the directional growth of neurites along the 3D scaffold. Ultimately, this study have developed a 3D platform that enables the readout of signaling in a model that holds great potential for future PD research.
Proliferative Kidney Disease in Sympatric Naturally Reproducing Populations of Rainbow and Brown Trout in Southern Peri‐Alpine Germany
Authors: Ros Albert , Baer Jan , Bartolin Patrick , Brinker Alexander 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe decline of central European salmonid populations is exacerbated by global warming impacts on disease and interspecific competition. In this context, sympatric naturally reproducing populations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta were sampled in three rivers in southern Germany where the myxozoan parasite T. bryosalmonae, the causative agent of the temperature‐associated proliferative kidney disease (PKD), is widely distributed. As expected, parasite prevalence and kidney hyperplasia increased from summer to autumn while decreasing with fish total length. Parasite infection intensity was greater in brown trout than in rainbow trout. With ongoing climate change, this difference in species vulnerability may lead to higher prevalence of PKD in brown trout creating a competitive disadvantage.
An Anionic Mesoionic Carbene (anMIC) and its Transformation to Metallo MIC‐Boranes: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Rudolf Richard , Todorovski Andrej , Lederer Vera , Neuman Nicolás I. , Schubert Hartmut , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNeutral mesoionic carbenes (MICs) based on a 1,2,3‐triazole core have had a strong impact on various branches of chemistry such as homogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photochemistry/photophysics. We present here the first general synthesis of anionic mesoionic carbenes (anMICs, 2) based on a 1,2,3‐triazole core and a borate backbone. The free anMIC is stable in solution under an inert atmosphere at low temperatures, and can be stored for several weeks. Analysis of donor properties shows that these anMICs are extremely strong σ‐donors, bypassing the donor properties of strong donors such as MICs, NHCs, anionic NHCs and N‐heterocyclic olefins. The room temperature conversion of the free anMICs leads to three equally interesting compound classes: an amide‐coordinated borane based on a MIC‐borane backbone (2BR3), a polymeric triazolide (1Li) and an amide‐coordinated metallo‐MIC‐borane. The metallo‐MIC‐borane (3Li) is an interesting precursor for the synthesis of further amide‐coordinated MIC‐borane compounds. Quantum chemical calculations have been used to elucidate the mechanism of transformation of the anMICs. We thus introduce three new categories of mesoionic compounds here with potential for different branches of chemistry and beyond.
Two Novel Viologen/Polyoxometalate‐Based Compounds for the Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr (VI) Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Liu Tao , Ying Jun , Yang Mengle , Zhang Yanping , Tian Aixiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDesigning efficient photocatalyst has attracted extensive attention for treating polluted wastewater containing Cr (VI). In this work, two viologen/polyoxometalate (POM)‐based compounds were synthesized, [Ni (mimb)2(H2O)4(β‐Mo8O26)]·4H2O (1) and [Zn (mimb)2(H2O)4(β‐Mo8O26)]·4H2O (2) (mimb = 1‐((3,5‐dimethylisoxazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridin]‐1‐ium), through a hydrothermal method and investigated their ability of photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI). The structures of compounds 1–2 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing that both possess a zero‐dimensional (0D) structure and can form one‐dimensional (1D) chain structures through hydrogen bondings. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrate that compound 1 has superior photocatalytic performance compared to compound 2. Under optimal conditions (pH = 2, 15 mg catalysts, and 10 mg L−1 Cr (VI) concentration), compound 1 can completely reduce Cr (VI) within 20 min, while compound 2 requires 30 min. Compounds 1–2 also show good stability after photocatalytic reaction, and maintain high photocatalytic activity after five reaction cycles. Additionally, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism of compounds 1–2 was studied, and the free radical scavenging experiments show that its main active species are e−, h+, and ˙O2−. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) experiments further confirm the crucial role of ˙O2− in the photocatalytic process. The good photocatalytic activity, stability, and recyclability of the viologen/POM‐based compounds suggest their potential application in the treatment of wastewater containing Cr (VI).