bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical application of finite elements in the orthopedics of stiff clubfoot
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Fei , He Haiyang , Teraili Aihelamu , Wang Xue , Wahapu Paerhati , Wang Chengwei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying the different correction angles of hindfoot osteotomy orthosis on the biomechanical changes of the adjacent joints after triple arthrodesis in adult patients with stiff clubfoot to determine the optimal hindfoot correction angle and provide a biomechanical basis for the correction of hindfoot deformity in patients with stiff clubfoot.

Methods
A 26-year-old male patient with a stiff left clubfoot was selected for the study, and his ankle and foot were scanned using dual-source computed tomography. A three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle was established, and after the validity of the model was verified by plantar pressure experiments, triple arthrodesis was simulated to analyze the biomechanical changes of the adjacent joints under the same load with “3°” of posterior varus, “0°” of a neutral position and “3°, 6°, 9°” of valgus as the correction angles.

Results
The peak plantar pressure calculated by the finite element model of the clubfoot was in good agreement with the actual plantar pressure measurements, with an error of less than 1%. In triple arthrodesis, the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent articular cartilage was significantly different and less than the preoperative stress when the corrected angle of the hindfoot was valgus “6°”. In comparison, the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent articular cartilage was not significantly different in varus “3°”, neutral “0°”, valgus “3°” and valgus “9°” compared with the preoperative stress.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that different angles of hindfoot correction in triple arthrodesis did not increase the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent joints, which may not lead to the development of arthritis in the adjacent joint, and a hindfoot correction angle of “6°” of valgus significantly reduced the peak von Mises stress in the adjacent joints after triple arthrodesis.
Analysis and comparison of tear protein profiles in dogs using different tear collection methods
Authors: Ritchoo Sudpatchara , Havanapan Phattara-orn , Phungthanom Nuanwan , Rucksaken Rucksak , Muikaew Rattana , Sussadee Metita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Tear proteomic analysis has become an important tool in medical and veterinary research. The tear collection method could influence the tear protein profile. This study aims to evaluate the protein profiles of dog tears collected using microcapillary tubes (MT), Schirmer tear strips (ST), and ophthalmic sponges (OS).

Methods
The tear samples were collected using MT, ST, and OS. Tear protein profiles were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and the different protein spots’ expression was compared. Fourteen protein spots were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results
Tear protein concentrations ranged from 2.80 to 4.03 μg/μL, with no statistically significant differences among collection methods. Protein expression in each collection method differed in terms of both the number and intensity of the spots. There were 249, 327, and 330 protein spots found from tears collected with MT, ST, and OS, respectively. The proteins albumin, haptoglobin, and lactoferrin identified from OS were found to have higher spot intensities than other methods of collection. The use of MT demonstrated the downregulation of nine proteins.

Conclusions
The recent study supported that tear protein analysis is affected by different tear collection methods. Although ST is commonly used for tear collection, it provides insufficient information to study particular tear proteins.
Exhaled phospholipid transfer protein and hepatocyte growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Andreasson Jesper , Bodén Embla , Fakhro Mohammed , von Wachter Camilla , Olm Franziska , Malmsjö Malin , Hallgren Oskar , Lindstedt Sandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Screening decreases mortality among lung cancer patients but is not widely implemented, thus there is an unmet need for an easily accessible non-invasive method to enable early diagnosis. Particles in exhaled air offer a promising such diagnostic tool. We investigated the validity of a particles in exhaled air device (PExA) to measure the particle flow rate (PFR) and collect exhaled breath particles (EBP) to diagnose primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods
Seventeen patients listed for resection of LUAD stages IA–IIIA and 18 non-cancer surgical control patients were enrolled. EBP were collected before and after surgery for LUAD, and once for controls. Proteomic analysis was carried out using a proximity extension assay technology. Results were validated in both plasma from the same cohort and with microarray data from healthy lung tissue and LUAD tissue in the GSE10072 dataset.

Results
Of the 92 proteins analyzed, levels of five proteins in EBP were significantly higher in the LUAD patients compared to controls. Levels of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) decreased in LUAD patients after surgery compared to control patients. PFR was significantly higher in the LUAD cohort at all timepoints compared to the control group. MET in plasma correlated significantly with MET in EBP.

Conclusion
Collection of EBP and measuring of PFR has never been performed in patients with LUAD. In the present study PFR alone could distinguish between LUAD and patients without LUAD. PLTP and MET were identified as potential biomarkers to evaluate successful tumor excision.
The future of recombinant host defense peptides
Authors: Roca-Pinilla Ramon , Lisowski Leszek , Arís Anna , Garcia-Fruitós Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for the discovery and production of new antimicrobials. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small proteins with potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities that are attractive for translational applications, with several already under clinical trials. Traditionally, antimicrobial peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, which is expensive and requires the use of toxic reagents, hindering the large-scale development of HDPs. Alternatively, HDPs can be produced recombinantly to overcome these limitations. Their antimicrobial nature, however, can make them toxic to the hosts of recombinant production. In this review we explore the different strategies that are used to fine-tune their activities, bioengineer them, and optimize the recombinant production of HDPs in various cell factories.
Sex-specific associations between serum lipids and hemostatic factors: the cross-sectional population-based KORA-fit study
Authors: von Falckenstein Johannes Vogel , Freuer Dennis , Peters Annette , Heier Margit , Teupser Daniel , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies on the associations between lipid parameters and different hemostatic factors in men and women from the general population are scarce. It was therefore examined whether there are possible relationships between routinely measured serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) and different hemostatic factors (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin III (AT III), protein C, protein S, and D-dimer).

Methods
The analysis was based on data from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA)-Fit study, which included 805 participants (378 men, 427 women) with a mean age of 63.1 years. Sex-specific associations between serum lipids and coagulation factors were investigated using multivariable linear regression models.

Results
In men, total cholesterol was inversely related to aPTT but positively associated with protein C activity. HDL cholesterol was inversely related to aPTT and fibrinogen. LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides showed a positive association with protein C and protein S activity.
In women, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol were positively related to AT III concentrations and protein C and S activity. Additionally, non-HDL-cholesterol was positively associated with factor VIII activity. HDL cholesterol was inversely related to fibrinogen. Triglycerides showed a positive relationship with protein C activity.

Conclusions
There seem to be sex differences regarding various associations between blood lipid levels and hemostatic factors. Further studies are needed to address the possible impact of these associations on cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life among home-dwelling older adults aged 75 or older in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siqeca Flaka , Yip Olivia , Mendieta Maria José , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Zeller Andreas , De Geest Sabina , Zúñiga Franziska , Stenz Samuel , Briel Matthias , Quinto Carlos , Blozik Eva , Deschodt Mieke , Obas Katrina , Dhaini Suzanne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
HRQoL is an indicator of individuals’ perception of their overall health, including social and environmental aspects. As a multidimensional concept, HRQoL can be influenced by a multitude of factors. Studies of HRQoL and factors associated with it among home-dwelling older adults have often been limited to inpatient settings or to a sub-population with a chronic disease. Studying HRQoL and its correlating factors among this population, by providing an ecological lens on factors beyond the individual level, can provide a better understanding of the construct and the role of the environment on how they perceive their HRQoL. Thus, we aimed to assess the HRQoL and investigate the correlates of HRQOL among home-dwelling older adults, guided by the levels of the ecological model.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional population survey conducted in 2019 in Canton Basel-Landschaft, in northwestern Switzerland, and includes a sample of 8786 home-dwelling older adults aged 75 and above. We assessed HRQoL by using the EQ-index and the EQ-VAS. The influence of independent variables at the macro, meso and micro level on HRQoL was tested using Tobit multiple linear regression modelling.

Results
We found that having a better socio-economic status as denoted by higher income, having supplementary insurance and a higher level of education were all associated with a better HRQoL among home-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, being engaged in social activities was also related to an improved HRQoL. On the other hand, older age, female gender, presence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy as well as social isolation and loneliness were found to all have a negative impact on HRQoL.

Conclusions
Understanding factors related to HRQoL by using an ecological lens can help identify factors beyond the individual level that impact the HRQoL of home-dwelling older adults. Our study emphasises the importance of social determinants of health and potential disparities that exists, encouraging policymakers to focus on policies to reduce socio-economic disparities using a life-course approach, which consequently could also impact HRQoL in later stages of life.
Civilian vascular trauma, treatment and outcome at a level 1-trauma centre
Authors: Johannesdottir B. K. , Geisner T. , Gubberud E. T. , Gudbjartsson T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Outcomes after vascular injuries in wartime are well documented, but studies on vascular injuries in a civilian European populations are scarce.

Methods
A retrospective study on all adults admitted to a North-European level 1-trauma centre 2009–2018 with The Abbreviated Injury Scale-codes for non-iatrogenic vascular trauma (VT). Data were extracted from both national and regional trauma-registries, as well as patient charts. Patient demographics, mechanism, and location of vascular injury were registered as well as its treatment. Incidence and injury scores (ISS, NISS and TRISS) were calculated and overall survival (Kaplan–Meier) estimated.

Results
Of 4042 trauma-patients, 68 (1.7%) (median age 44 years, 76% males) sustained 81 vascular injuries (69 arterial; 12 venous); 46 blunt and 22 (32%) penetrating injuries. The total incidence of vascular injuries was 1.45/100,000 inhabitants and did not change over the study-period (95% confidence interval 1.13–1.82). The injuries were located in thorax (n = 17), neck (n = 16) and abdominal region (n = 15); most of the blunt injuries followed traffic (n = 31) or falling accidents (n = 10), and with 17 of the 22 penetrating injuries due to stabbing. The median ISS and NISS-scores were 22 and 33, with 50 (74%) and 55 (81%) patients having scores > 15, respectively. Forty-three (63%) patients had open surgical repair and 8 (12%) received endovascular treatment. Twenty-one patients died within 30-days (31%), 33% and 27% after blunt and penetrating injuries, respectively. Half of the patients that died within 24 h sustained aortic injury.

Conclusions
Traumatic vascular injuries are rare in civilian settings and are less than 2% of major trauma admissions. These patients are often seriously injured and their treatment can be challenging with high 30-day mortality.
Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Gene signature for the prediction of the trajectories of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhang Zhongheng , Chen Lin , Liu Huiheng , Sun Yujing , Shui Pengfei , Gao Jian , Wang Decong , Jiang Huilin , Li Yanling , Chen Kun , Hong Yucai ,   CMAISE Consortium, Xing Lifeng , Jin Senjun , Sun Jian , Yang Yi , Jin Xiaohong , Yang Min , Gui Chunmei , Yuan Yingpu , Dong Guangtao , Zeng Weizhong , Zeng Jing , Hu Guoxin , Qiao Lujun , Wang Jinhua , Xi Yonglin , Wang Nan , Wang Minmin , Teng Yan , Hou Junxia , Bi Qiaojie , Zhang Gengsheng , Dai Junru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in sepsis. However, the trajectories of sepsis-induced AKI and their transcriptional profiles are not well characterized.MethodsSepsis patients admitted to centres participating in Chinese Multi-omics Advances In Sepsis (CMAISE) from November 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled, and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured on Day 1. The renal function trajectory was measured by the renal component of the SOFA score (SOFArenal) on Days 1 and 3. Transcriptional profiles on Day 1 were compared between these renal function trajectories, and a support vector machine (SVM) was developed to distinguish transient from persistent AKI.ResultsA total of 172 sepsis patients were enrolled during the study period. The renal function trajectory was classified into four types: non-AKI (SOFArenal = 0 on Days 1 and 3,n = 50), persistent AKI (SOFArenal > 0 on Days 1 and 3,n = 62), transient AKI (SOFArenal > 0 on Day 1 and SOFArenal = 0 on Day 3,n = 50) and worsening AKI (SOFArenal = 0 on Days 1 and SOFArenal > 0 on Day 3,n = 10). The persistent AKI group showed severe organ dysfunction and prolonged requirements for organ support. The worsening AKI group showed the least organ dysfunction on day 1 but had higher serum lactate and prolonged use of vasopressors than the non-AKI and transient AKI groups. There were 2091 upregulated and 1,902 downregulated genes (adjustedp < 0.05) between the persistent and transient AKI groups, with enrichment in the plasma membrane complex, receptor complex, and T-cell receptor complex. A 43-gene SVM model was developed using the genetic algorithm, which showed significantly greater performance predicting persistent AKI than the model based on clinical variables in a holdout subset (AUC: 0.948 [0.912, 0.984] vs. 0.739 [0.648, 0.830];p < 0.01 for Delong’s test).ConclusionsOur study identified four subtypes of sepsis-induced AKI based on kidney injury trajectories. The landscape of host response aberrations across these subtypes was characterized. An SVM model based on a gene signature was developed to predict renal function trajectories, and showed better performance than the clinical variable-based model. Future studies are warranted to validate the gene model in distinguishing persistent from transient AKI.
Score-based prediction model for severe vitamin D deficiency in patients with critical illness: development and validation
Authors: Kuo Yu-Ting , Kuo Li-Kuo , Chen Chung-Wei , Yuan Kuo-Ching , Fu Chun-Hsien , Chiu Ching-Tang , Yeh Yu-Chang , Liu Jen-Hao , Shih Ming-Chieh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Severe vitamin D deficiency (SVDD) dramatically increases the risks of mortality, infections, and many other diseases. Studies have reported higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with critical illness than general population. This multicenter retrospective cohort study develops and validates a score-based model for predicting SVDD in patients with critical illness.

Methods
A total of 662 patients with critical illness were enrolled between October 2017 and July 2020. SVDD was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of < 12 ng/mL (or 30 nmol/L). The data were divided into a derivation cohort and a validation cohort on the basis of date of enrollment. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was performed on the derivation cohort to generate a predictive model for SVDD. Additionally, a score-based calculator (the SVDD score) was designed on the basis of the MLR model. The model’s performance and calibration were tested using the validation cohort.

Results
The prevalence of SVDD was 16.3% and 21.7% in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The MLR model consisted of eight predictors that were then included in the SVDD score. The SVDD score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.848 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.781–0.914] and an area under the precision recall curve of 0.619 (95% CI 0.577–0.669) in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
This study developed a simple score-based model for predicting SVDD in patients with critical illness.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration ID: NCT03639584. Date of registration: May 12, 2022.

Graphical Abstract
Microcalcifications, mammographic breast density, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study
Authors: Kim Soyeoun , Tran Thi Xuan Mai , Song Huiyeon , Park Boyoung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast density and microcalcifications are strongly associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, few studies have evaluated the combined association between these two factors and breast cancer risk. We investigated the association between breast density, microcalcifications, and risk of breast cancer.

Methods
This cohort study included 3,910,815 women aged 40–74 years who were screened for breast cancer between 2009 and 2010 and followed up until 2020. The National Health Insurance Service database includes national health-screening results from the national breast cancer screening program, which is an organized screening program provided every 2 years for all women aged 40 years or older. Breast density was assessed based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4th edition, mostly through visual assessment by radiologists. The presence or absence of microcalcifications was obtained from the mammographic results. Cox proportional hazard regression for breast cancer risk was used to estimate hazard ratios (aHRs) adjusted for breast cancer risk factors.

Results
A total of 58,315 women developed breast cancer during a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Women with breast cancer had a higher proportion of microcalcifications than women without breast cancer (0.9% vs. 0.3%). After adjusting for breast density, women with microcalcification had a 3.07-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.82–3.35) increased risk of breast cancer compared to women without microcalcification. The combined association between microcalcification and breast density dramatically increased the risk of breast cancer, corresponding to a higher level of breast density. Among postmenopausal women, the highest risk group was women with BI-RADS 4 and microcalcification. These women had more than a sevenfold higher risk than women with BI-RADS 1 and non-microcalcification (aHR, 7.26; 95% CI 5.01–10.53).

Conclusion
Microcalcification is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, and its risk is elevated when combined with breast density.
Patient-reported outcomes in terms of swallowing and quality of life after prophylactic versus reactive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with definitive chemo-radiotherapy: Swall PEG study
Authors: Dragan Tatiana , Van Gossum André , Duprez Frederic , Lalami Yassine , Lefebvre Yolene , Mootassim-Billah Sofiana , Beauvois Sylvie , Gulyban Akos , Vandekerkhove Christophe , Boegner Petra , Paesmans Marianne , Ameye Lieveke , Digonnet Antoine , Quiriny Marie , Dequanter Didier , Lipski Samuel , Willemse Esther , Rodriguez Alejandra , Carlot Sebastien , Karaca Yasemin , Lemort Marc , Emonts Patrick , Al Wardi Clémence , Van Gestel Dirk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is often used to provide nutritional support in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients undergoing multimodality treatment. However, there is little published data on the impact of prophylactic versus reactive PEG. PEG placement may affect swallowing-related physiology, function, and quality of life. The Swall PEG study is a randomized controlled phase III trial testing the impact of prophylactic versus reactive PEG on patient-reported outcomes in terms of swallowing and quality of life in oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer receiving chemo-radiotherapy will be randomized to either the prophylactic or reactive PEG tube group. Randomization will be stratified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status and unilateral versus bilateral positive neck lymph nodes. The primary objective of the study is the patient’s reported outcome in terms of swallowing (MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI)) at 6 months. Secondary objectives include health-related quality of life, dosimetric parameters associated with patient-reported outcomes, chemo-radiation toxicities, PEG tube placement complications, the impact of nutritional status on survival and toxicity outcomes, loco-regional control, overall survival, the impact of HPV and tobacco smoking on survival outcomes and toxicities, and the cost-effectiveness of each treatment strategy.

Discussion
Findings from this study will enhance clinical evidence regarding nutritional management in oropharyngeal cancer patients treated by concurrent chemo-radiation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04019548, study protocol version 2.0_08/08/2019. Registered on 15 July 2019