bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SESNet: sequence-structure feature-integrated deep learning method for data-efficient protein engineering
Authors: Li Mingchen , Kang Liqi , Xiong Yi , Wang Yu Guang , Fan Guisheng , Tan Pan , Hong Liang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep learning has been widely used for protein engineering. However, it is limited by the lack of sufficient experimental data to train an accurate model for predicting the functional fitness of high-order mutants. Here, we develop SESNet, a supervised deep-learning model to predict the fitness for protein mutants by leveraging both sequence and structure information, and exploiting attention mechanism. Our model integrates local evolutionary context from homologous sequences, the global evolutionary context encoding rich semantic from the universal protein sequence space and the structure information accounting for the microenvironment around each residue in a protein. We show that SESNet outperforms state-of-the-art models for predicting the sequence-function relationship on 26 deep mutational scanning datasets. More importantly, we propose a data augmentation strategy by leveraging the data from unsupervised models to pre-train our model. After that, our model can achieve strikingly high accuracy in prediction of the fitness of protein mutants, especially for the higher order variants (> 4 mutation sites), when finetuned by using only a small number of experimental mutation data (< 50). The strategy proposed is of great practical value as the required experimental effort, i.e., producing a few tens of experimental mutation data on a given protein, is generally affordable by an ordinary biochemical group and can be applied on almost any protein.
Effect of agricultural land management practices on the selected soil quality indictors: empirical evidences from the south Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Abera Aklilu , Wana Desalegn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLand degradation is a major challenge that adversely affects soil fertility, agricultural production, and environmental sustainability. To curb this, various agricultural land management (ALM) measures have been practiced for the last three decades. This research investigated the effects of ALM practices on selected soil quality indicators in the Ojoje sub-watershed, Southern Ethiopia Highlands. A total of 72 composite soil samples were collected from non-treated and treated plots (i.e., land treated for 5 and 10 years with only physical practices and integrated measures) at a depth of 0–20 cm. A one-way ANOVA was used to demonstrate statistically significant variations on soil quality indicators. Simple regression analysis was used to explain the proportional variance of soil quality indicators due to ALM measures.ResultThe findings of the study indicate that integrated ALM practices have positive effects on the soil quality indicators. Most soil quality indicators, such as the soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, sulfur, boron and percentage of cation exchange capacity, were significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) as a result of ALM practices. However, soil bulk density, potassium and percentage of silt contents were higher, but the difference was insignificant. Thus, the mean value of soil quality indicators increased steadily with age of intervention and application of integrated physical and biological conservation measures.ConclussionALM practices had stronger effects when land was treated with integrated ALM measures and conserved for an extended period of time. Hence, integrating ALM practices and maintaining them for the long term is crucial for improving soil quality and enhancing agricultural productivity.
A novel approach for joint line restoration in revision total ankle arthroplasty based on the three‐dimensional registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula
Authors: Hodel S. , Calek A. K. , Cavalcanti N. , Fucentese S. F. , Vlachopoulos L. , Viehöfer A. , Wirth S. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe use of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasing over time, as so will the need for revision TAAs in the future. Restoration of the ankle joint line (JL) in revision TAA is often difficult due to severe bone loss. This study analyzed the accuracy of a three‐dimensional (3D) registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula to restore the ankle joint line (JL) and reported side‐to‐side differences of anatomical landmarks.Methods3D triangular surface models of 96 paired lower legs underwent a surface registration algorithm for superimposition of the mirrored contralateral lower leg onto the original lower leg to approximate the original ankle JL using a proximal, middle and distal segment. Distances of the distal fibular tip, anterior and posterior medial colliculus to the JL were measured and absolute side‐to‐side differences reported. Anterior lateral distal tibial angle (ADTA) and lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) were measured.ResultsMean JL approximation was most accurate for the distal segment (0.1 ± 1.4 mm (range: ‐3.4 to 2.8 mm)) and middle segment (0.1 ± 1.2 mm (range: ‐2.8 to 2.5 mm)) compared to the proximal segment (‐0.2 ± 1.6 mm (range: ‐3.0 to 4.9 mm)) (p = 0.007). Distance of the distal fibular tip, the anterior, and posterior medial colliculus to the JL, ADTA and LDTA yielded no significant side‐to‐side differences (n.s.).Conclusion3D registration of the contralateral tibia and fibula reliably approximated the original ankle JL. The contralateral distal fibular tip, anterior and posterior medial colliculi, ADTA and LDTA can be used reliably for the planning of revision TAA with small side‐to‐side differences reported.Level of EvidenceIV.
Addressing ethical issues related to prenatal diagnostic procedures
Authors: Kaye Dan Kabonge 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
For women of advanced maternal age or couples with high risk of genetic mutations, the ability to screen for embryos free of certain genetic mutations is reassuring, as it provides opportunity to address age-related decline in fertility through preimplantation genetic testing. This procedure has potential to facilitate better embryo selection, improve implantation rates with single embryo transfer and reduce miscarriage rates, among others, yet confers some risk to the embryo and additional costs of assisted reproductive technology. This raises questions whether, when and which patients should receive routine PGT-A prior to embryo transfer.

Discussion
Prenatal diagnostic procedures refer to tests done when one or both genetic parents has a known genetic disorder (or has worries about the disorder) and testing is performed on them, their gametes or on the embryos to determine if the latter is likely to carry a genetic disorder. PGT is used to identify genetic defects in gametes or embryos (often created through in vitro fertilization (IVF). The procedures generate immense potential to improve health and wellbeing by preventing conception or birth of babies with undesirable traits, life-limiting conditions and even lethal conditions. However, they generate a lot of information, which often may challenge decision-making ability of healthcare providers and parents, and raise ethical challenges.

Conclusion
Prenatal diagnostic procedures have potential to address uncertainty and risk of having a child affected with a genetic disease. They, however, often raise own uncertainty and controversies, whose origin, manifestation and related ethical issues are presented. There is need to develop individual and couple decision support tools that incorporate patients’ values and concerns in the decision-making process in order to promote more informed decisions, during counseling.
Cognitive functions and epilepsy-related characteristics in patients with generalized tonic–clonic epilepsy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sayed Nesma Mohamed , Aldin Magda Taha Kamal , Ali Samir Elshamly , Hendi Ahmed Elarabi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpilepsy is a brain disorder affecting nearly 65 million people worldwide. It is characterized by sudden, transient, and uncontrolled episodes of brain dysfunction secondary to hypersynchronous abnormal discharge of cortical neuronal cells resulting in motor, sensory, and behavioral manifestations. Cognitive deterioration can occur in approximately 70–80% of epileptic patients with a variety of epilepsy-related characteristics being implicated. This study aimed to assess cognitive functions in a sample of patients with generalized tonic–clonic epilepsy and determine its relation to different epilepsy-related characteristics. It was designed as a case–control cross-sectional study in which 106 participants were enrolled and divided into two groups: a case group of fifty-three patients diagnosed with generalized tonic–clonic epilepsy and a control group including fifty-three healthy subjects. Sociodemographic and epilepsy-related characteristics and a variety of cognitive functions were assessed for both groups.ResultsEpileptic patients were significantly suffering from impairment in attention, memory, visuospatial (P = 0.001), and language functions (P = 0.018) compared to the healthy control group.ConclusionsEpileptic patients are significantly suffering from cognitive impairment with a variety of contributing epilepsy-related characteristics.
Association between impaired glucose metabolism and long-term prognosis at the time of diagnosis of depression: Impaired glucose metabolism as a promising biomarker proposed through a machine-learning approach
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Cho Yong Hyuk , Kim Myoungsuk , Jeong Chang-Won , Cha Jae Myung , Won Geun Hui , Noh Jai Sung , Son Sang Joon , Park Rae Woong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Predicting the course of depression is necessary for personalized treatment. Impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) was introduced as a promising depression biomarker, but no consensus was made. This study aimed to predict IGM at the time of depression diagnosis and examine the relationship between long-term prognosis and predicted results.

Methods
Clinical data were extracted from four electronic health records in South Korea. The study population included patients with depression, and the outcome was IGM within 1 year. One database was used to develop the model using three algorithms. External validation was performed using the best algorithm across the three databases. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the model’s performance. Kaplan–Meier and Cox survival analyses of the risk of hospitalization for depression as the long-term outcome were performed. A meta-analysis of the long-term outcome was performed across the four databases.

Results
A prediction model was developed using the data of 3,668 people, with an AUC of 0.781 with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. In the external validation, the AUCs were 0.643, 0.610, and 0.515. Through the predicted results, survival analysis and meta-analysis were performed; the hazard ratios of risk of hospitalization for depression in patients predicted to have IGM was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.41, p = 0.027) at a 3-year follow-up.

Conclusions
We developed prediction models for IGM occurrence within a year. The predicted results were related to the long-term prognosis of depression, presenting as a promising IGM biomarker related to the prognosis of depression.
On the complex and dimensional relationship of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder during early childhood and child outcomes at school-age
Authors: Moser Dominik Andreas , Graf Shannen , Glaus Jennifer , Urben Sébastien , Jouabli Sondes , Pointet Perrizolo Virginie , Suardi Francesca , Robinson JoAnn , Rusconi Serpa Sandra , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Schechter Daniel Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Several studies have shown associations between maternal interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), child mental health problems, and impaired socioemotional development. However, the existing literature lacks evidence linking constellations of risk factors such as maternal interpersonal-violence-related PTSD, psychopathology, and interactive behavior with toddlers and outcome measures at school-age.

Methods
This study involved a prospective, longitudinal investigation of 62 mothers and examined the relationship between maternal variables measured when children were in early childhood (mean age 27 months), and child outcomes when children were school-age (age mean = 83.2 months) while retaining a focus on the context of maternal PTSD. To identify and weigh associated dimensions comparatively, we employed sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) aimed at associating dimensions of a dataset of 20 maternal variables in early childhood with that of more than 20 child outcome variables (i.e., child psychopathology, life-events, and socioemotional skills) at school-age.

Results
Phase 1 variables with the highest weights were those of maternal psychopathology: PTSD, depressive and dissociative symptoms, and self-report of parental stress. The highest weighted Phase 2 child outcome measures were those of child psychopathology: PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms as well as peer bullying and victimization.

Conclusions
sCCA revealed that trauma-related concepts in mothers were significantly and reliably associated with child psychopathology and other indicators of risk for intergenerational transmission of violence and victimization. The results highlight the dimensional and multifaceted nature—both for mothers as well as children—of the intergenerational transmission of violence and associated psychopathology.
Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Authors: Ding Xi , Zhang Wei-Jing , You Rui , Zou Xiong , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Ouyang Yan-Feng , Peng Lan , Liu You-Ping , Duan Chong-Yang , Yang Qi , Lin Chao , Xie Yu-Long , Chen Si-Yuan , Liu Yong-Long , Gu Chen-Mei , Xie Ruo-Qi , Huang Pei-Yu , Hong Ming-Huang , Hua Yi-Jun , Chen Ming-Yuan 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic therapy reportedly have potential synergistic antitumor activity. We investigated the activity and safety of this regimen for recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS This single-arm, Simon two-stage study enrolled patients with recurrent/metastatic NPC who were refractory to at least first-line systemic therapy and treatment-naive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The patients received camrelizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks and apatinib 250 mg once per day. The primary end point was the objective response rate. Key secondary end points included disease control rate, progression-free survival, duration of response, overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Between October 14, 2020, and December 23, 2021, 58 patients were enrolled, and all were included in the efficacy and safety analysis set. The objective response rate was 65.5% (95% CI, 51.9 to 77.5), and the disease control rate was 86.2% (95% CI, 74.6 to 93.9). The median duration of response was not reached, and the median progression-free survival was 10.4 months (95% CI, 7.2 to 13.6), with a median follow-up duration of 12.4 months (range, 2.1-19.9 months). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade 3 or higher were reported in 34 (58.6%) patients, with the most common being hypertension (19.0%), nasopharyngeal necrosis (15.5%), headache (12.1%), AST elevation (10.3%), and creatine phosphokinase elevation (10.3%). Sixteen (27.6%) patients discontinued apatinib treatment before progression because of unbearable TRAEs, and the most common complication was nasopharyngeal necrosis (9/16; 56.3%). Recurrent nasopharyngeal lesions (odds ratio, 5.94 [95% CI, 1.45 to 24.24]) and reirradiation (odds ratio, 5.33 [95% CI, 1.15 to 24.79]) were significantly positively correlated with nasopharyngeal necrosis. CONCLUSION Camrelizumab plus apatinib had promising antitumor activity in patients with refractory recurrent/metastatic NPC who failed first-line therapy. Moderate to severe TRAEs were experienced by 58.6%, including nasopharyngeal necrosis associated with local recurrence and a history of reirradiation.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Screening Delays
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Elsaid Mohamed I. , DeGraffinreid Cecilia , Champion Victoria L. , Paskett Electra D. ,   for the Impact of COVID-19 on Behaviors across the Cancer Control Continuum in Ohio group, Brock Guy , Washington Chasity , Ferketich Amy K. , Hampel Heather , Aker Heather 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE To examine delays in cancer screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants from previous studies (N = 32,989) with permissions to be recontacted were invited to complete a survey between June and November 2020. Participants (n = 7,115) who met the age range for cancer screenings were included. Participants were asked if they planned to have and then if they postponed a scheduled mammogram, Pap test, stool blood test, colonoscopy, or human papillomavirus (HPV) test. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with cancer screening delays for each planned test. RESULTS The average age was 57.3 years, 75% were female, 89% were non-Hispanic White, 14% had public insurance, and 34% lived in rural counties. Those who planned cancer screenings (n = 4,266, 60%) were younger, more likely to be female, with higher education, had private insurance, and lived in rural counties. Specifically, 24% delayed a mammogram (n = 732/2,986), 27% delayed a Pap test (n = 448/1,651), 27% delayed an HPV test (n = 59/220), 11% delayed a stool blood test (n = 44/388), and 36% delayed a colonoscopy (n = 304/840). Age, race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance were associated with delays in cancer screenings (all P < .05). Compared with non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black women had lower odds of delaying a mammogram (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.94), Hispanic women had higher odds of delaying Pap test (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.55), and women with other race/ethnicity had higher odds of delaying both Pap test (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.02) and HPV test (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.44 to 19.97). CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the urgency for health care providers to address the significant delays in cancer screenings in those most likely to delay. Strategies and resources are needed to help those with barriers to receiving guideline-appropriate cancer screening.
Current Neurosurgical Care in Ethiopia Using the Lens of the Lancet Global Health Commission on High-Quality Health Systems
Authors: Asfaw Zerubabbel K. , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Tirsit Abenezer , Zhan Serena , Gizaw Abel , Hannah Theodore , Yibeltal Mestet , Laeke Tsegazeab , Germano Isabelle M. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing specialty in Ethiopia. Previous global neurosurgery studies have highlighted the need for synchronizing workforce increase with improving quality, access, and capacity to provide neurosurgical care.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate Ethiopia's neurosurgical system and highlight the critical interventions required for the sustained development of Ethiopian neurosurgery as part of a high-quality health system (HQHS).

METHODS:
A comprehensive survey was sent to all practicing neurosurgeons. Public databases on Ethiopian census reports and current road infrastructure were used for spatial analysis of neurosurgical access.

RESULTS:
The survey response rate was 90% (45/50). Most respondents were men (95.6%), aged 30 to 40 years (82%), who worked at national referral hospitals (71%). The reported annual caseload per practicing neurosurgeon was >150 cases for 40% of urban and 20% of rural neurosurgeons. Head and spine neurotrauma and tumors were the most common neurosurgical indications. Computed tomography scanner was the most widely available diagnostic equipment (62%). 76% of respondents indicated the presence of postoperative rehabilitation care at their institutions. Thirteen percent and 27% of the nation lived within a 2-hour and 4-hour driving distance from a neurosurgical center, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The results highlight the need for vital improvements in neurosurgical capacity to sustain progress toward HQHS. Promoting sustained development in all components of HQHS can be achieved by diversifying the workforce and training residency candidates committed to practicing in underserved regions. Additional strategies might include establishing a national registry for neurosurgical data and implementing policy changes conducive to improving perihospital care and other health system components.
Successful Endoscopic Surgery Under Stereotactic Navigation for a Symptomatic Interhemispheric Arachnoid Cyst Without the Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Miyauchi Masaharu , Fujita Mitsugu , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro , Nakano Naoki , Nakao Takayuki , Kato Amami , Takahashi Jun C. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
In adults and elderly patients, most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic. Interhemispheric arachnoid cyst (IHAC) is clinically rare. In this report, we describe a rare case of a symptomatic IHAC without the agenesis of the corpus callosum in an elderly patient who underwent stereotactic endoscopic neurosurgery with excellent results.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
An 85-year-old woman with multiple systemic complications presented with progressive left hemiparesis. MR images, including diffusion tensor images, at the initial examination showed a large IHAC in the right parietal region without the agenesis of the corpus callosum. The patient underwent 3 MR image scans over the next year, and the lesions were markedly enlarged. Endoscopic cyst fenestration using a stereotactic neuronavigation system was performed between the IHAC and the bilateral ventricles. Postoperatively, the IHAC was reduced to a size sufficient to improve her hemiparesis.

CONCLUSION:
This is the first report of successful stereotactic endoscopic neurosurgery for a symptomatic IHAC without the agenesis of the corpus callosum. Further experience is required to confirm the usefulness of this minimally invasive procedure.