bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of Islamic teachings in education: With an emphasis on behavioural gentleness
Authors: Pallathadka Harikumar , Al-Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash , Muda Iskandar , Surahman Susilo H. , Al-Salami Ammar Abdel Amir , Nasimova Zarina 
Published: March 2023

The human being is the most wonderful creation of God and the highest sign of his infinite power. Humanity is capable of achieving all divine perfections. God created them to reach the position of God’s closeness and God’s successor on Earth, and this path will not be realised except by the correct education. A human is a divine being who has settled in this earthly world, and correct education is the only way to achieve that sacred truth. Divine prophets have come to prepare the Earth for this great transformation in human existence and guide them to the light of divine teachings. There is no doubt that if human beings are not educated according to divine standards, they will remain at the level of animality. The Holy Qur’an, as the most precious Islamic divine book, presents the best way of education based on the knowledge of the truth of humanity and their needs. In addition, it is appropriate to discuss the role of behavioural gentleness in the education of people, and in this regard, the Qur’anic verses have been reviewed carefully. Therefore, the aim of this manuscript is to study the Islamic teachings in education with an emphasis on behavioural gentleness.Contribution: If curriculum planners and educators in general pay attention to Qur’anic teachings in education and base their curriculum and educational programs on Qur’anic teachings and according to characteristics and abilities and appropriateness of methods, and if the contents are paid attention to and educational programs are produced based on the will and authority of the educators, we will definitely witness progress and development in educational systems on the one hand and development and progress in all levels of life.
By Scripture and plain reason: A historical retrieval of the relationship between theology and philosophy to better engage with present-day secularism
Authors: Maritz Daniël J. 
Published: March 2023

The formal principle of the Reformation, sola Scriptura, has sometimes been thought to imply that the Reformed minister and church member need not concern themselves with the right use of reason and philosophy in matters of theology. Perhaps based on a misunderstanding of Paul’s warning to beware of philosophy (Col 2:8), many have supposed that the local Reformed church’s struggle with secularism and its progressive ideas could be resolved on purely exegetical grounds. This misconstrued understanding of sola Scriptura led to a low regard for reason and philosophy in matters of theology which also paved the way for fideism and anti-intellectualism in local Reformed churches. In time, this condition in the church left enough room for secularism and progressive ideas to infiltrate the local church. Before secularism can be thoroughly refuted, a historical retrieval within the Reformed tradition must take place. Fittingly this article commenced a historical retrieval within the broad Reformed tradition. Different Reformers and subsequent Reformed theologians were examined to retrieve the proper relationship between theology and philosophy together with other relevant themes such as natural theology and natural law. Through an historical retrieval, this article consulted the primary sources of figures in the Reformed tradition spanning from the early 1500s to the early 1700s. Modern interpreters and representatives of these figures have also been added to the study. Importantly, philosophy serves theology by defending it and assisting it in clarifying theological truths. Philosophy is also useful to prepare the unregenerate mind for the reception of higher theological truths. Certain philosophical insights, which are manifested in both natural theology and natural law, were also utilised to, on the one hand, demonstrate God’s existence against secularism’s rejection of the supernatural and, on the other hand, critique progressive ideas pertaining to sexuality and the differences between the sexes. This may be approached in the context of both insita and acquisita knowledge of God and reality. Although this article is the second article in a series of two, it nevertheless accomplished its own end to retrieve the role of philosophy in matters of theology, especially regarding natural theology and natural law.Contribution: As a historical retrieval within the Reformed tradition, this article fits perfectly within the scope of In the Skriflig. It reminds the Reformed minister of the rich heritage within the Reformed tradition regarding the relationship between theology and philosophy, and brings it to bear on the challenge of secularism.
The impact of rehabilitation on the community life of stroke survivors in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Tawagidu , Nyante Gifty G. , Mothabeng Joyce D. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Return to pre-stroke life is of great importance to stroke survivors, their families and communities as stroke affects their ability to perform activities of daily living. It is therefore important to understand the impact of stroke rehabilitation on the community life of stroke survivors in Ghana as there are limited data.Objectives: Our study aimed to explore and describe the views of stroke survivors on the impact of stroke rehabilitation on their community life.Method: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted among 15 stroke survivors recruited from three selected hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and this gave rise to several themes.Results: The authors found that stroke left most of the survivors with functional limitations and they required various degrees of assistance to perform their activities of daily living. As the stroke survivors received rehabilitation, most of them mentioned improvements in function. However, most participants were still unable to return to work and enjoy social or leisure activities.Conclusion: Our study shows that attention needs to be given to the occupational and social management in rehabilitation as much as it is given to the physical management, to improve community integration post-stroke.Clinical implications: Our study highlights the need to take into consideration the occupational and social aspects of life as part of the rehabilitation process for stroke survivors.
The Aesthetics of Richard Wollheim (1923–2003)
Authors: Kemp Gary 
Published: March 2023

Article Summary
Richard Wollheim (1923–2003) had a broad range of philosophical interests. He wrote on Political Philosophy, on the Philosophy of Psychology or Philosophy of Mind, on principal figures in British Philosophy including Locke, Hume, J. S. Mill and F. H. Bradley, and on other philosophical subjects. But his most indelible mark was made in Aesthetics, being by many accounts the leading figure writing in English in that field since the close of World War II (competitors, not counting still-active philosophers, might include Susanne Langer, Arnold Isenberg, Nelson Goodman, Arthur Danto, George Dickie, and Roger Scruton). Most of his aesthetical writing narrowly concerned the art of painting, with Painting as an Art (1987) being his masterpiece, with many articles in trade publications on particular artists testifying to his special interest and engagement with painting. He did produce Art and Its Objects (1968, 1980), his famous general treatise on Aesthetics, with attention to more purely philosophical and logical problems concerning art; but his volumes of essays on art or partially about art – On Art and the Mind (1974), The Mind and Its Depths (1993) – as well as his free standing essays on art, including those appearing since 1993 – are primarily concerned with painting.
The main part of this article focuses primarily on what was undoubtedly at the centre of Wollheim’s questions as an aesthetician, namely the question What is painting?, along with the question What is the value and interest of painting? That painting is a justified form of life was never in question, but to articulate just why we go in for painting as we do, to articulate the nature of our interest in it, calls, it turns out, for not only a framework of Aesthetics but Depth Psychology, in particular for psychoanalytic theory.
Aesthetics and the philosophy of language
Authors: Green Mitchell S. 
Published: March 2023

Article Summary
David Hume was an early exponent of attending to the language we use to speak about objects of aesthetic and artistic interest. His remarks on this topic were largely negative and designed to warn us against being misled by such discourse. Nearly two centuries later, logical empiricists found inspiration in Hume in setting out constraints on ‘cognitively’ meaningful language, as well as in suggesting ways in which our utterances may have ‘emotive’ rather than cognitive meaning. As logical empiricism waned, Anglophone philosophers looked to ordinary language to illuminate our concepts of artistic and aesthetic phenomena as revealed by the ‘language games’ in which they figure. This approach included studying the role of evaluations (‘x is bombastic’, ‘y is eloquent’) in describing works of art, the conditions under which aesthetic descriptions (‘x is elegant’, ‘y is serene’) are justified, the sensitivity of such descriptions to the contexts in which they are used, as well as the character of disagreements about the quality of works of art and objects of aesthetic interest more generally. Current research has begun to see a productive cross-fertilisation between the fields of aesthetics and philosophy of language as scholars aim to understand how we communicate our interpretation and evaluation of works of art, artefacts, and aspects of our natural environment.
Enactivism and aesthetics
Authors: Carvalho John M. 
Published: March 2023

Article Summary
While we may not always agree about what exactly aesthetics is, it should be uncontroversial to say aesthetics begins with perception. Whether it is characterised as a theory of beauty or a theory of art, beautiful things and things called art must be perceived. As so often noted, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten described aesthetics as a science of sensuous cognition, scientia cognitionis sensitivae (Baumgarten 2007: §1). And while aesthetics has come to mean something more than that, today, it is at least that or, at least, it begins with a sensuous engagement with an artefact or a distinctive feature of everyday life. Enactivism is, first of all, an account of sensuous cognition that may contribute to our understanding of aesthetics. Of course, aesthetics only begins with perceiving. It, crucially, involves thinking about – appreciating, interpreting, evaluating – what we perceive and sharing what we think with others. Enactivism, potentially, offers a distinctive entrée into how we think about artworks and forms of life as well as how we share our thoughts about them. In what follows, enactivism is clarified and the varieties of enactivism are catalogued before a picture of enactivist aesthetics is drawn and an endorsement is offered for the value of an enactivist approach to aesthetics, to perceiving, appreciating, evaluating, and sharing what we think about artworks and distinctive forms of life.
Address and the politics of aesthetics
Authors: Roelofs Monique 
Published: March 2023

Major accounts of the aesthetic field and its relation to politics employ the notion of address in an implicit or explicit manner. This essay explores the central functions that philosophers and theorists in other humanities disciplines ascribe to the notion. Thus the essay brings into view a variety of approaches to the politics of aesthetics and, more specifically, to the politics of art and culture.
Section 1 considers two groundbreaking views of address that supply influential models for contemporary views of the aesthetic field and cultural criticism. These are David Hume’s account of the modes of address occurring between artist, artwork, and public, and Walter Benjamin’s investigation of the cultural implications of shifts of address.
Taking off within the field of inquiry circumscribed by Hume and Benjamin, several significant contributions to the theory of address become apparent. Scholars highlight the functioning of address in the service of constructions of subjectivity. They underscore its connections with power and desire. They situate addressors’ specialized or day-to-day modes of address (such as social commentary, epic narration, or institutional commands) in dialogical relations with the forms of address adopted by other interlocutors. Section 2 stresses different views to these effects by Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roland Barthes.
Further amplification of the workings of address arises within perspectives populating the fields of phenomenology, psychoanalysis, contemporary continental philosophy, analytical philosophy, feminist philosophy, postcolonial theory, and critical race theory. Section 3 highlights approaches in these partially overlapping yet distinct areas, many of which fuel current perspectives on the relation between art and politics.
We continue by focusing on the role of the notion of address in contemporary cultural theory and criticism. At issue in Section 4 are critical forms of address that audiences direct at cultural productions. Of particular importance, here, are the ties between modes of address and structures of social differentiation, including racial and gender constellations. Our sources include writings by Stuart Hall, Gloria Anzaldúa, Sara Ahmed, Saidiya Hartman, and Denise Ferreira da Silva. Section 5 wraps up our discussion by homing in on contemporary perspectives on address that foreground the politics of artistic, aesthetic, and cultural form. Work by Ellen Rooney, Barbara Johnson, and Fred Moten, among others, will guide our thinking in this concluding section.
Shakespeare and philosophy
Authors: Newman Ira 
Published: March 2023

Known for their attention to literary logic in general, philosophers have not usually focused on the works of specific literary writers. Yet unanticipated benefits often come from grounding abstract theory in concrete examples, much like the analytical opportunities accruing to moral philosophy when attention is turned to applied issues, such as the morality of the death penalty or physician-assisted suicide. It is not surprising, then, to wonder whether Shakespeare’s works, along with the critical and scholarly studies focused on them, might offer a promising resource for clarifying and testing philosophical theories about literature. And from a reverse perspective, whether Shakespearean writings might benefit from philosophical analyses of their various formulations. This entry will suggest some mutually beneficial possibilities by sampling several philosophical problems that result from exploring this rich body of Shakespearean literature. Three topics, as expressed through three of the great tragedies, will be considered.
Shakespearean plays frequently have more than one text that have come down from the seventeenth century. Does this suggest there should be more than one work as well? In §1 the logic of how text diversity might impact the numerical identity of the work is considered, with a focus on King Lear as a case in point. The well-known problem of Borges’s Pierre Menard is discussed, as a related paradigm.
A major part of Shakespearean criticism zeros in on character analysis. Yet there are deep logical questions in determining what exactly a fictional character is. Are we referring to a human whose psychological structure is presumed to extend beyond the limits of the play, so that in analysing a fictional Lady Macbeth we may use analytical resources analogous to our analysis of any human? Or should Shakespearean characters be viewed as no more than roles in plays, designed to develop the formal and symbolic meanings of an artifact called a drama? Section 2 will consider this question, with a focus on Macbeth. Along the way general questions about fictional characters will be broached, including the applicability of possible world analysis to fictional worlds, and the indeterminability of truth values for many fictional states, such as the notorious number of children Lady Macbeth may have had.
Themes are a central part of literary construction. They lend unity to a work by organizing the disparate elements under a motif (such as retribution) or a propositional generalization (such as sinners will receive their just deserts). To what extent can these themes become transferable to the world at large, beyond the limits of the artwork’s circumscribed world? And if they can be transferred, can we speak of either the truthfulness or cognitive utility of Shakespearean themes as related to the real world? Section 3 will consider this range of questions, with attention to Hamlet as the primary example.
Mártires, semilla de los cristianos
Authors: Martínez Torres Francisco Miguel 
Published: March 2023

En el presente artículo trato de realizar un estudio histórico desde el martirio de los primeros cristianos hasta la actualidad, concluyendo con una reflexión teológica del martirio. Nos encontramos ante un tema en el que la Iglesia española, en los últimos años, está realizando un esfuerzo considerable para recuperar la memoria de numerosos mártires del siglo XX como consecuencia de la guerra civil española y destacar su significado para nuestro presente.
El papa Benedicto XVI, aprobó la Instrucción Sanctorum Mater, de 17 de mayo de 2006, por la que se rigen los procesos de beatificación y canonización, de martirio y de milagro. Para rendir memoria a los mártires, dedicaremos un último apartado para realizar un paseo por las obras maestras más significativas de la visita cultural de la S. I. Catedral de Sevilla.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KOMPETENSI, DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. KRAKATAU STEEL TBK
Authors: Pancasasti Ranthy Pancasasti 
Published: March 2023

PENGARUH PELATIHAN, KOMPETENSI, DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. KRAKATAU STEEL TBK
Dikri Gifari1, Ranthy Pancasasti2
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Email: dikrigfr1715@gmail.com1, ranthyipb@gmail.com2

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training, competence and career development on the performance of employees of PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero), Tbk. The population in this study amounted to 142 people with a sample of 59 people, the sample was taken by the Proportional Stratified Sampling technique. Collecting data in the research through interviews, literature studies, documentation studies, and distributing questionnaires. The novelty in this study is: 1) The object of this research is the employees of the Human Capital Management Sub-Directorate of PT Krakatau Steel with research variables namely training, competence, career development, and employee performance that have not been studied before, 2) Training, competency, and career development has direct effect on employee performance 3) career development does not have a mediating effect on the relationship between competence and employee performance.
Keywords: Training, Competency, Career Development, work performance

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan, kompetensi dan pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero), Tbk. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 142 orang dengan sampel sebanyak 59 orang, sampel diambil dengan teknik Proportional Stratified Sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian melalui metode wawancara, studi pustaka, studi dokumentasi, dan penyebaran kuesioner. Kebaharuan (novelty) dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Objek dari penelitian ini yaitu karyawan Sub Direktorat Human Capital Management PT Krakatau Steel dengan variabel penelitian yaitu pelatihan, kompetensi, pengembangan karir, dan kinerja karyawan yang belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya, 2) Pelatihan, kompetensi dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja karyawan 3) pengembangan karir tidak memiliki efek mediasi hubungan antara kompetensi terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Kata kunci: Pelatihan; Kompetensi; Pengembangan Karir; Kinerja Karyawan
Energy, Emissions and Exergy Analyses of Ethanol-Biodiesel-Coconut Oil Ternary Fuel Blends and Comparative Assessment of Their Performance in Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Murray Renique J. 
Published: March 2023

The demands on future energy conversion technologies are becoming increasingly stringent. Biofuels, which are considered to have a critical role in meeting growing energy needs, must find increasing avenues for compliance. Accordingly, ternary fuel blends have received significant attention because their physiochemical properties can be very similar to diesel, while overcoming some challenges associated with traditional biofuel use. Consequently, this work assesses the use of alcohol-biodiesel-vegetable oil blends in Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Three ethanol-biodiesel-vegetable oil blends were developed using 10%, 20% and 30% alcohol and their performances were compared to diesel and neat coconut oil. These blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and their performances assessed using energy, emissions and exergy analyses. The results indicated that the blends had better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values than diesel at high to medium loads, with the E30 blend having the highest BTE value of 31% at full load conditions as compared to 28.9% for diesel. The blends were also found to be comparable to diesel based on a First Law energy analysis. Additionally, it was found that the blends had better nitric oxides (NO) emission levels than diesel; at full load conditions, the E30 blend had the lowest value of 281 ppm as compared to diesel having a value of 299 ppm. However, they were found to have comparable levels for the other emissions characteristics that were examined. Further, the Second Law analyses indicated that the blends made better use of their fuel energy potential and thus, can be considered as a more suitable fuel for CI engine combustion. Collectively, the results suggest that the ternary blends are a viable candidate for future energy conversion via CI engines. Keywords:	Ternary blends; ethanol; coconut oil; CI engines; exergy analysis; alternative fuels