bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can verbal autopsies be used on a national scale? Key findings and lessons from the South Africa National Cause-of-Death Validation Study.
Authors: Maqungo Monique , Nannan Nadine , Nojilana Beatrice , Nichols Erin , Morof Diane , Cheyip Mireille , Rao Chalapati , Lombard Carl , Price Jessica , Kahn Kathleen , Martin Lorna J , Bezuidenhout Francois , Laubscher Ria , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa , Glass Tracy , Awotiwon Oluwatoyin , Zinyakatira Nesbert , Funani Noluntu , Joubert Jané , Bradshaw Debbie , Groenewald Pamela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The quality of cause of death (COD) statistics in South Africa has room for improvement. It is possible that supplementary use of verbal autopsy (VA) interviews for the deaths that occur outside of health facilities might be useful. This study describes the challenges and successes of collecting a national sample of VA interviews.
Methods
We recruited next of kin who registered deaths in 27 randomly sampled sub-districts across South Africa between September 2017 – April 2018. Trained fieldworkers (84) conducted face-to-face interviews using the WHO2016 verbal autopsy (VA) instrument. A team of physicians (51), trained in medical certification of cause of death and reading VAs, certified the underlying causes of death. Feasibility was assessed considering response rates, participation and quality of data. Cause specific-mortality fractions (CSMF) based on physician reviews and InterVA-5 automated software were compared with 2017 Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) data and assessed for plausibility against burden of disease estimates.
Results
Only 26% of the 36,976 total deaths registered in the sample area were identified during recruitment and 65% of the next of kin agreed to be contacted. A total of 5,375 VA were conducted (overall response rate of 55%) and 83% of physician reviewed VAs were judged to have good quality data for assigning underlying cause of death. Fifty-nine percent of the VAs occurred in the 27 sampled sub-districts, with the remainder ones coming from adjacent areas. Comparing the CSMFs, the physician reviewed VA identified 22.3% HIV/AIDS and InterVA-5 18.5% deaths, in line with burden of disease estimates, while Stats SA identified 4.9% HIV/AIDS deaths.
Conclusions
The study demonstrated feasibility of using VA on a national scale, but immense challenges in identifying and recruiting next of kin highlights the importance of formalising VAs within the country’s death notification system.
New approach for predicting nitrogen and pigments in maize from hyperspectral data and machine learning models
Authors: Silva Bianca Cavalcante , Prado Renato Mello , Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Campos Cid Naudi Silva , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Fernandes Thiago Feliph Silva 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fast diagnostics from hyperspectral data and machine learning (ML) models to predict nitrogen (N) content and pigments in maize crop is a challenge to optimize nitrogen fertilization. Therefore, this field research identifies which ML algorithms accurately estimate nitrogen, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents in maize crop leaves at different phenological phases using hyperspectral band data. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme having four N doses (0, 54, 108, and 216 kg ha− 1) combined with five leaf collection seasons at phenological stages V6 to V14. The ML models tested were artificial neural networks – ANN, decision tree adapted for prediction problems – M5P, REPTree decision tree, random forest - RF, polynomial support vector machine – SVMP, and ZeroR - ZR (control). Pearson correlations were estimated between in situ variables and those predicted by ML models. Spectral bands 530–550 nm and 690–750 nm are effective wavelengths as well as RF and SVM are effective models for the estimation of nitrogen and pigment contents. These methods can be applied in precision farming practices and assist in decision making for N management in maize crop.
Ophthalmic complications during the dengue epidemic in Reunion Island in 2020: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Mbu-Nyamsi Digé , Vincent Muriel , Perez-Fontana Mariane , Best Anne-Laurence , Mesnard Charles , Villeroy Fréderic , Foucher Aurélie , Raffray Loic , Saint-Pastou Cecile , Bertolotti Antoine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Dengue is an arboviral disease transmitted by the dengue virus, whose vectors are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The acute phase with its cohort of well-known symptoms is usually spontaneously favorable. Since 2020 in Reunion Island, a new symptom has appeared: the ocular damage of dengue fever, which has already been described in South Asia and South-East Asia. We therefore decided to describe the clinical, biological, ophthalmological, therapeutic, and outcomes of patients with ocular manifestations during dengue fever in Reunion Island in 2020.
Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Patients were included from January 2020 to August 2020 and then reassessed by teleconsultation 1 year later. The patients were identified from the French public health surveillance network by all ophthalmologists on the island. Medical data were collected directly from medical records.
Results: Twenty-eight patients were included. The mean age was 41.9 years. Ocular involvement occurred approximately 9.2 days after the onset of dengue symptoms. The main symptoms were scotoma (71.4%) and sudden decrease of visual acuity (39.2%). Eighteen patients (64.2%) had macular involvement. Fourteen patients were treated with oral or intravenous corticosteroids. Twenty-two (78.5%) patients were evaluated by telephone one year later. Scotoma and decreased visual acuity persisted in 15 patients. Thirteen patients (59%) were bothered by night driving, 32% of patients had reading difficulties and 27% of patients became sensitive to prolonged exposure to screens.
Conclusion: Ocular complications of dengue require early and collegial management to limit the risk of long-term sequelae. Further studies on the characteristics and complications of dengue fever are needed to better understand this disease.
Vaginal microbiome community state types and high-risk human papillomaviruses in cervical precancer and cancer in North-central Nigeria
Authors: Musa Jonah , Maiga Mamoudou , Green Stefan J. , Magaji Francis A. , Maryam Ali J. , Okolo Mark , Nyam Chuwang J. , Cosmas Nanma T. , Silas Olugbenga A. , Imade Godwin E. , Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T. , Diakite Brehima , Morhason-Bello Imran , Achenbach Chad J. , Sagay Atiene S. , Ujah Innocent A.O. , Murphy Robert L. , Hou Lifang , Mehta Supriya Dinesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, and HIV-mediated immune suppression allows HR-HPV to persist. We studied whether vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC).
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of adult women with cervical cancer screening (CCS) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria, between January 2020 and February 2022. Cervical swabs underwent HPV genotyping (AnyplexTM II HPV28). Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) sample was collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess associations between CSTs and other factors associated with HSIL/ICC.
Results
We enrolled 155 eligible participants, 151 with microbiome data for this analysis. Women were median age 52 (IQR:43-58), 47.7% HIV positive, and 58.1% with HSIL/ICC. Of the 138 with HPV data, 40.6% were negative for HPV, 10.1% had low-risk HPV, 26.8% had single HR-HPV, and 22.5% had multiple HR-HPV types. The overall prevalence of any HR-HPV type (single and multiple) was 49.3%, with a higher proportion in women with HSIL/ICC (NILM 31.6%, LSIL 46.5%, HSIL 40.8%, and 81.5% ICC; p=0.007). Women with HIV were more likely to have HSIL/ICC (70.3% vs. 29.7% among women without HIV). In crude and multivariable analysis CST was not associated with cervical pathology (CST-III aOR=1.13, CST-IV aOR=1.31). However, in the presence of HR-HPV CST-III (aOR=6.7) and CST-IV (aOR=3.6) showed positive association with HSIL/ICC.
Conclusion
Vaginal microbiome CSTs were not significantly associated with HSIL/ICC. Our findings suggest however, that CST could be helpful in identifying women with HSIL/ICC and particularly those with HR-HPV. Characterization of CSTs using point-of-care molecular testing in women with HR-HPV should be studied as an approach to improve early detection and cervical cancer prevention. Future longitudinal research will improve our understanding of the temporal effect of non-optimal CST, HR-HPV, and other factors in cervical cancer development, prevention, and control.
Remote Surveillance and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Household Members in King County, Washington
Authors: Rogers Julia H. , Emanuels Anne , Casto Amanda M. , Heimonen Jessica , O’Hanlon Jessica , Chow Eric J. , Ogokeh Constance , Rolfes Melissa A. , Han Peter D. , Hughes James P. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Frazar Christian , Chung Erin , Starita Lea M. , Englund Janet A. , Chu Helen Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to better understand transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Household contacts of infected individuals are particularly at risk for infection, but delays in contact tracing, delays in testing contacts, and isolation and quarantine pose challenges to accurately capturing secondary household cases.
Methods: In this study, 346 households in the Seattle region were provided with respiratory specimen collection kits and remotely monitored using web-based surveys for respiratory illness symptoms weekly between October 1, 2020, and June 20, 2021. Symptomatic participants collected respiratory specimens at symptom onset and mailed specimens to the central laboratory in Seattle. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR with whole genome sequencing attempted when positive. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals were notified, and their household contacts submitted specimens every two days for fourteen days.
Results: In total, 1,371 participants collected 2,029 specimens that were tested; 16 individuals (1.2%) within 6 households tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Full genome sequences were generated from 11 individuals within 4 households. Very little genetic variation was found among SARS-CoV-2 viruses sequenced from different individuals in the same household, supporting transmission within the household.
Conclusions: This study indicates web-based surveillance of respiratory symptoms, combined with rapid and longitudinal specimen collection and remote contact tracing, provides a viable strategy to monitor households and detect household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Trial Registration Identifier: NCT04141930
Cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space after orthodontic extraction treatment in Class II malocclusion: integration with subjective sleep quality assessment
Authors: Vejwarakul Weerayuth , Ko Ellen Wen-Ching , Lin Cheng-Hui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives Orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions is typically used to relieve dental crowding and retract anterior teeth for lip profile improvement. The aim of the study is to compare the changes in regional pharyngeal airway space (PAS) after orthodontic treatment with Class II malocclusion and to identify the correlations between questionnaire results and PAS dimensions after orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods In this retrospective cohort study, 79 consecutive patients were divided into normodivergent nonextraction, normodivergent extraction, and hyperdivergent extraction groups. Serial lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate the patients’ PASs and hyoid bone positions. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and STOP-Bang questionnaire were used for sleep quality evaluation and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk assessment, respectively, after treatment.
Results The greatest airway reduction was observed in hyperdivergent extraction group. However, the changes in PAS and hyoid positions did not differ significantly among 3 groups. According to questionnaire results, all 3 groups had high sleep quality and low risk of OSA, with no significant intergroup differences. Moreover, pretreatment-to-posttreatment changes in PAS were not correlated with sleep quality or risk of OSA.
Conclusions Orthodontic retraction with premolar extractions nither exhibit significant reduction in airway dimensions nor increase their risk of OSA.
Mendelian randomization study of sleep traits and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Dimopoulou Olympia , Fuller Harriett , Richmond Rebecca C , Bouras Emmanouil , Hayes Bryony , Dimou Niki , Murphy Neil , Brenner Hermann , Gsur Andrea , Marchand Loic Le , Moreno Victor , Pai Rish K , Phipps Amanda I , Um Caroline Y , Duijnhoven Franzel JB , Vodicka Pavel , Martin Richard M , Platz Elizabeth A , Gunter Marc J , Peters Ulrike , Lewis Sarah J , Cao Yin , Tsilidis Konstantinos K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A potential association of endogenous circadian rhythm disruption with risk of cancer development has been suggested, however, epidemiological evidence for the association of sleep traits with colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited and often contradictory. Here we investigated whether genetically predicted chronotype, insomnia and sleep duration are associated with CRC risk in males, females and overall and according to CRC anatomical subsites using Mendelian randomization (MR). The two-sample inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was applied using summary-level data in up to 58,221 CRC cases and 67,694 controls and genome-wide association data of genetic variants for self-reported sleep traits. Secondary analyses using alternative instruments and sensitivity analyses assessing potential violations of MR assumptions were conducted. Genetically predicted morning preference was associated with 13% lower risk of CRC in men (ORIVW = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.97, P = 0.01), but not in women or in both sexes combined. Τhis association remained consistent in some, but not all, sensitivity analyses and was very similar for colon and rectal cancer. There was no evidence of an association for any other sleep trait. Overall, this study provides little to no evidence of an association between genetically predicted sleep traits and CRC risk.
Perception and practice of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance regarding oral health: A cross-sectional study in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Zeighami Ayda , Maybodi Fahimeh Rashidi , Toodehzaeim Mohammad Hossein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Good oral hygiene is the key factor required for uninterrupted orthodontic treatment and can be improved by professional supervision.
Aims: To report perception and practice of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance about oral health in Yazd, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 201 patients were selected by simple sampling method. A valid, reliable, researcher-made questionnaire with four parts was used: the first part contains demographic information of patients, the second part contained 7 questions about knowledge and the third part contained 7 attitudinal questions and the last part had 8 practical questions regarding oral health. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software, T-test and ANOVA. The level of significance in this study was considered less than 0.05.
Results: Out of 201 patients, 74 (36.8%) were men and 127 (63.2%) were women. 19.65 ± 6.03 with an age range of 10-37 years. The participants had a moderate knowledge and poor practice. No significant association was observed between the knowledge OR practice of patients with gender, age, education and duration of treatment (P-value>0.05).
Conclusion: It is suggested to adopt educational interventions in order to improve patients’ knowledge and practice about oral hygiene. Some individual attitudes such as considering orthodontic treatment during pregnancy as safe and the possibility of orthodontic treatment in adulthood, need to be corrected.
Childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among Chinese young adults: the mediating roles of peer attachment and fear of missing out
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tan Ding-liang , Jiang Bo , Lei Ting-ting 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Research has revealed that childhood neglect may be a risk factor for problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. However, few studies have examined the mediating roles of peer attachment and the fear of missing out in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use. To fill this gap, the present study proposes a multiple mediation model to understand the relationships among childhood neglect, peer attachment, fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use among young adults.
Methods: A total of 869 young adults in China completed questionnaires for evaluating different levels of the relationships between childhood neglect, peer attachment, the fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and MPLUS8.3.
Results: The results showed that childhood neglect was positively associated with problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. Moreover, peer attachment and the fear of missing out had partial mediating effects as well as sequential mediating effects in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among young adults.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, peer attachment and the fear of missing out, as mediators, could be considered proximal factors affecting problematic smartphone use among young adults. These findings broaden our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie the association between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use and afford practical guidance on reducing the risks associated with problematic smartphone use.
The influence of marathon running on resting-state EEG activity - a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Moussiopoulou Joanna , Pross Benjamin , Handrack Mirjam , Keeser Daniel , Pogarell Oliver , Halle Martin , Falkai Peter , Scherr Johannes , Hasan Alkomiet , Roeh Astrid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on various health aspects and neuronal functions, including neuronal plasticity. Exceeding a certain exercise frequency and duration has been associated with negative effects. Our study investigated the effects of excessive PA with a marathon run (MA) and regular PA (training and recovery phases) on electrocortical activity, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). 30 healthy marathon runners (26 male, 45 ± 9 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Four resting-state 32 channel EEG recordings were conducted: 12 − 8 weeks before MA (T-1), 14 − 4 days prior to MA (T0), 1–6 days after (T2), and 13–15 weeks after MA (T3). Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta (1.5-6 Hz), theta (6.5-8.0 Hz), alpha1 (8.5–10 Hz), alpha2 (10.5–12.0 Hz), beta1 (12.5–18.0 Hz), beta2 (18.5–21.0 Hz), beta3 (21.5–30.0 Hz), and total power (1.5-30Hz). Statistical non-parametric mapping showed reduced power both in the alpha-2 (log-F-ratio= -0.705, threshold log-F-ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) and in the delta frequency band (log-F-ratio= -0.699, threshold log-F-ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) in frontal cortical areas after MA (T2 vs. T0). These effects diminished at long-term follow-up (T3). The results can be interpreted as correlates for subacute neuroplasticity induced by strenuous and prolonged PA. While previous studies reported an increase in alpha frequency during and directly postexercise, the adverse observation a few days after exercise cessation suggests counterregulatory mechanisms, whose complex origin can be suspected in subcortical circuits, changes in neurotransmitter systems and modulation of affectivity.
Advancing Hyper-Crosslinked Materials with High Efficiency and Reusability for Oil Spill Response
Authors: KARMELICH CALEB , Wan Zhijian , Tian Wendy , Crooke Emma , Qi Xiubin , Carroll Ann , Konstas Kristina , Wood Colin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Developing materials with high efficiency for recovering oil to mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills has always been a challenging task. A commercial melamine formaldehyde sponge was coated with an optimised superhydrophobic/superoleophilic hyper-crosslinked polymer and applied to the removal of crude oil from oil-in-water emulsions for the improvement of oil spill clean-up processes. The high surface area, porosity, hydrophobicity, and selectivity of oil over water made the HPCS ideal sorbent for efficient oil/water separation. The system was able to strip crude oil from water emulsions of 1000 ppm to a negligible level of 2 ppm oil with minimal amounts of the HPCS material. More importantly, the HPCS material could be reused via a simple mechanical compression process, and the uptake capacity was retained over ten cycles. For five cycles of oil adsorption/mechanical compression the HPCS was able to provide water filtrate with oil concentrations of under 15 ppm. This is an effective and economical recovery system, removing the need for consistent solvent washing and drying processes. These results suggest that the HPCS is a promising material for oil/water separation and recovery under challenging conditions.
Computational investigation of dimethoate and β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex: molecular structures, intermolecular interactions and electronic analysis
Authors: Benaissa Amina , Bouhadiba Abdelaziz , Naili Noura , Chekkal Faiza , Khelfaoui Malika , Ibtissem Bouras , Karima Mehri , Madjram Mohamed Salah , Zouchoune Bachir , Mogalli Sulaiman , Malfi Najran , Nouar Leila , Madi Fatiha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The proposed study concerns the inclusion complexation of dimethoate (DMT) in the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecule cage using a 1:1 stoichiometry. The interactions between DMT and -CD were evaluated using PM7 and DFT in water and gas with base 6-31G(d,p); using the CAMB3LYP functional. All approaches agree with the optimal 3D structure, which includes full DMT inclusion in the CD cavity. Complexation, LUMO, and HOMO energies were computed. The natural bond orbital (NBO) and UV- visible calculations were determined and discussed. Additionally, the non-covalent intermolecular interactions between dimethoate and β-cyclodextrin are investigated through: reduced density gradient (RDG), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and independent gradient model (IGM) that the main forces stabilizing the examined inclusion complex are H-bond and Van Der Waals interactions. Furthermore, the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) emphasizes the importance of the H-bond as attractive interactions.