bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Protonation as a Switch of the Twisted Excited States with ππ* or nπ* Character and Correlation with the π‐Electrons Characteristic of Rotatable Bonds
Authors: Jiang Gaoshang , Ma Yinhua , Ding Junxia , Liu Jianyong , Liu Runze , Zhou Panwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractN‐protonation for numerous fluorophores is widely known as an efficient switch for the fluorescence turn‐on/off in acidic conditions, which has been applied in various scenarios that involve pH monitoring. Yet the universal mechanism for fluorescence regulation through N‐protonation is still elusive. Herein, the excited state deactivation processes are systematically investigated for a series of nitrogen‐containing fluorescent probes through theoretical approaches. Two types of mechanisms for the complex fluorescent phenomena by N‐protonation are concluded: one is through the regulation for the transition to a ππ* twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state; the other one applies for the case when nonradiative decay pathway is predominant by a dark nπ* state, which is also accompanied by an evident structural twisting and can be regarded as another kind of TICT state. More generally, the formation of the TICT state is closely related to the conjugated π‐electrons on the single bond that links the acceptor and donor part of fluorophores, which provides a simple strategy for evaluating the occurrence of the TICT process. The current contributions can bring novel insights for the rational design of functional fluorophores that involve TICT process in the excited states.
Superoxide Dismutase‐like Activity of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanoparticles Comprising Biomimetic Imidazolato‐bridged CuZn Units
Authors: Nakahara Hiroki , Nomura Akiko , Tokuda Shun , Okamura Mami , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Koitaya Takanori , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Furukawa Shuhei , Hitomi Yutaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanoparticles exhibiting enzymatic functions have garnered considerable attention due to their structural robustness and the profusion of active sites that can be introduced to a single nanosized particle. Here we report that nanosized mixed‐metal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) show a superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like catalytic activity. We chose a ZIF composed of copper and zinc ions and 2‐methylimidazole, CuZn‐ZIF‐8, in which the Cu and Zn ions are bridged by an imidazolato ligand. This coordination geometry closely mimics the active site of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The CuZn‐ZIF‐8 nanoparticles exhibit potent SOD‐like activity, attributed to their porous nature and numerous copper active sites, and also possess exceptional recyclability.
A Dormant Reagent Reaction‐Diffusion Method for the Generation of Co‐Fe Prussian Blue Analogue Periodic Precipitate Particle Libraries
Authors: Tootoonchian Pedram , Kwiczak‐Yiğitbaşı Joanna , Turab Ali Khan Muhammad , Chalil Oglou Ramadan , Holló Gábor , Karadas Ferdi , Lagzi István , Baytekin Bilge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiesegang patterns that develop as a result of reaction‐diffusion can simultaneously form products with slightly different sizes spatially separated in a single medium. We show here a reaction‐diffusion method using a dormant reagent (citrate) for developing Liesegang patterns of cobalt hexacyanoferrate Prussian Blue analog (PBA) particle libraries. This method slows the precipitation reaction and produces different‐sized particles in a gel medium at different locations. The gel‐embedded particles are still catalytically active. Finally, the applicability of the new method to other PBAs and 2D systems is presented. The method proves promising for obtaining similar inorganic framework libraries with catalytic abilities.
Predicting Temperature‐Dependent Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Tensor Completion
Authors: Damay Julie , Ryzhakov Gleb , Jirasek Fabian , Hasse Hans , Oseledets Ivan , Bortz Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKnowledge of thermodynamic properties of mixtures is essential in many fields of science and engineering. However, the experimental data is usually scarce, so prediction methods are needed. Matrix completion methods have proven to be very successful in predicting thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures. In this approach, the experimental data is organized in a matrix whose rows and columns correspond to the two components, and whose entries indicate the value of the studied thermodynamic property at fixed conditions. In the present work, we extend the concept to tensor completion methods (TCMs). This allows to account for the variation of the studied property depending on the chosen conditions. The feasibility is demonstrated by applying a TCM to predict activity coefficients at infinite dilution. The third dimension of the tensor is used to describe the influence of the temperature. The TCM is shown to yield better predictions than the well‐established UNIFAC method. Furthermore, the proposed TCM is able to learn and unveil the physical law describing the temperature dependence of activity coefficients from the scarce experimental mixture data only.
Neighborhood attributes and cardiovascular disease risk in breast cancer survivors: The Pathways Study
Authors: Conroy Shannon M. , Von Behren Julie , Kwan Marilyn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kim Mi‐Ok , Iribarren Carlos , Roh Janise M. , Laurent Cecile A. , Thomsen Catherine , Chu Janet N. , Greenlee Heather , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Shariff‐Marco Salma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer survivors are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. The impact of objective social and built neighborhood attributes on CVD risk in a cohort of female breast cancer survivors was examined.MethodsThe 3975 participants came from the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort of women with invasive breast cancer from an integrated health care system in northern California. Women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 through 2013 were enrolled on average approximately 2 months after diagnosis. Their baseline addresses were geocoded and appended to neighborhood attributes for racial/ethnic composition, socioeconomic status (SES), population density, urbanization, crime, traffic density, street connectivity, parks, recreational facilities, and retail food environment. Incident CVD events included ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or stroke. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations of neighborhood attributes with CVD risk, which accounted for clustering by block groups. Fully adjusted models included sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors.ResultsDuring follow‐up through December 31, 2018, 340 participants (8.6%) had CVD events. A neighborhood racial/ethnic composition measure, percent of Asian American/Pacific Islander residents (lowest quintile hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.03–3.33), and crime index (highest quartile HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08–2.03) were associated with the risk of CVD events independent of individual SES, hormone receptor status, treatment, cardiometabolic comorbidities, body mass index, and physical activity.ConclusionsWith the application of a socio‐ecological framework, how residential environments shape health outcomes in women with breast cancer and affect CVD risk in this growing population can be understood.
Measurement of Homocitrulline, A Carbamylation‐derived Product, in Serum and Tissues by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Jaisson Stéphane , Desmons Aurore , Doué Manon , Gorisse Laëtitia , Pietrement Christine , Gillery Philippe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbamylation corresponds to the nonenzymatic binding of isocyanic acid to protein amino groups and participates in protein molecular aging, characterized by the alteration of their structural and functional properties. Carbamylated proteins exert deleterious effects in vivo and are involved in the progression of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is a growing interest in evaluating the carbamylation rate of blood or tissue proteins, since carbamylation‐derived products (CDPs) constitute valuable biomarkers in these contexts. Homocitrulline, formed by isocyanic acid covalently attaching to the ε‐NH2 group of lysine residue side chain, is the most characteristic CDP. Sensitive and specific quantification of homocitrulline requires mass spectrometry–based methods. This article describes a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantification of homocitrulline, with special emphasis on preanalytical steps that allow quantification of total or protein‐bound homocitrulline in serum or tissue samples. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sample pretreatment for the quantification of homocitrulline by LC‐MS/MSAlternate Protocol: Preanalytical steps for the quantification of homocitrulline in tissue samplesBasic Protocol 2: LC‐MS/MS quantification of homocitrullineBasic Protocol 3: LC‐MS/MS quantification of lysine in hydrolysates
Broadband Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna for sub‐6‐GHz 5G communications
Authors: Vishvaksenan Kuttathati Srinivasan , Kalidoss Rajakani , Partibane Bactavatchalame , Nivetha Elango 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis paper presents the design of a miniaturized broadband monopole antenna for 5G and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed monopole evolved from a rectangular geometry of size 12 × 5 mm. The slot and stub loading techniques are used to improve the impedance matching offered by the antenna. Furthermore, bandwidth broadening is achieved using lumped elements loaded onto the aperture of the antenna. The proposed miniaturized antenna exhibits a measured impedance bandwidth of 63.6% (3.0–5.8 GHz) covering the 5G spectrum allocations under sub‐6 GHz and the WLAN services. The antenna elements are replicated along the sides of the mock mobile handset PCB to study the functionality of the eight‐element MIMO antenna. The prototype MIMO antenna fabricated and tested in the laboratory offers a peak gain of 3 dBi and total efficiency greater than 72%. Owing to miniaturization, the spatial distribution of the antenna element provides a low envelope correlation (ECC) of less than 0.2 and good diversity gain (DG) greater than 7.8 dB. In addition, the mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), multiplexing efficiency (ME), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are evaluated and presented. The estimated MIMO metrics are within the desired range of operation and hence make the antenna suitable for a complex propagation environment. The prototype antenna is developed on a thin microwave laminate with low‐loss characteristics and tested under laboratory conditions. The outcomes indicate that the proposed eight‐element antenna can be applied to 5G MIMO communications.
Tree identity and canopy openness mediate oil palm biodiversity enrichment effects on insect herbivory and pollination
Authors: Li Kevin , Grass Ingo , Zemp Delphine Clara , Lorenz Hendrik , Sachsenmaier Lena , Nurdiansyah Fuad , Hölscher Dirk , Kreft Holger , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the extent of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation has expanded at the expense of tropical rainforests, enriching conventional large‐scale oil palm plantations with native trees has been proposed as a strategy for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, how tree enrichment affects insect‐mediated ecosystem functions is unknown. We investigated impacts on insect herbivory and pollination in the fourth year of a plantation‐scale, long‐term oil palm biodiversity enrichment experiment in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Within 48 plots systematically varying in size (25–1600 m2) and planted tree species richness (one to six species), we collected response data on vegetation structure, understory insect abundances, and pollinator and herbivore activity on chili plants (Capsicum annuum), which served as indicators of insect‐mediated ecosystem functions. We examined the independent effects of plot size, tree species richness, and tree identity on these response variables, using the linear model for random partitions design. The experimental treatments were most associated with vegetation structure: tree identity mattered, as the species Peronema canescens strongly decreased (by approximately one standard deviation) both canopy openness and understory vegetation cover; whereas tree richness only decreased understory flower density. Further, the smallest plots had the lowest understory flower density and richness, presumably because of lower light availability and colonization rates, respectively. Enrichment influenced herbivorous insects and natural enemies in the understory to a lesser extent: both groups had higher abundances in plots with two enrichment species planted, possibly because higher associated tree mortality created more habitat, while herbivores decreased with increasing tree species richness, in line with the resource concentration hypothesis. Linking relationships in structural equation models showed that the negative association between P. canescens and understory vegetation cover was mediated through canopy openness. Likewise, canopy openness mediated increases in herbivore and pollinator insect abundances. Higher pollinator visitation increased phytometer yield, while impacts of insect herbivores on yield were not apparent. Our results demonstrate that even at an early stage, different levels of ecological restoration influence insect‐mediated ecosystem functions, mainly through canopy openness. These findings suggest that maintaining some canopy gaps while enrichment plots develop may be beneficial for increasing habitat heterogeneity and insect‐mediated ecosystem functions.
Population‐level policy recommendations for the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors: A scoping review
Authors: Raffoul Amanda , Turner Samantha L. , Salvia Meg G. , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to identify recommendations and gaps in knowledge surrounding the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors (DWCBs) through policy.MethodA search was conducted in several databases to identify English language articles that described an active policy, recommendation, guideline, or educational curriculum that could be implemented by governments or regulatory bodies to prevent DWCBs or related constructs (e.g., weight stigma, body dissatisfaction). Two researchers independently screened articles with oversight from a third researcher. Data were extracted from the final sample (n = 65) and analyzed qualitatively across all articles and within the domains of education, public policy, public health, industry regulation, and media.ResultsOnly a single empirical evaluation of an implemented policy to reduce DWCBs was identified. Over one‐third of articles proposed recommendations relating to industry regulation and media (n = 24, 36.9%), followed by education (n = 21, 32.3%), public policy (n = 19, 29.2%), and public health (n = 10, 15.4%). Recommendations included school‐based changes to curricula, staff training, and anti‐bullying policies; legislation to ban weight discrimination; policies informed by strategic science; collaboration with researchers from other fields; de‐emphasizing weight in health communications; diversifying body sizes and limiting modified images in media; and restricting the sale of weight‐loss supplements.DiscussionThe findings of this review highlight gaps in empirically evaluated policies to reduce DWCBs but also promising policy recommendations across several domains. Although some policy recommendations were supported by empirical evidence, others were primarily based on experts’ knowledge, highlighting the need for greater research on population‐level DWCBs prevention through policy.Public significanceOur scoping review of the evidence on policies for the prevention of disordered weight control behaviors identified several recommendations across the domains of education, public policy, public health, and industry regulation and media. Although few empirical investigations of implemented policies have been conducted, expert recommendations for policies to prevent disordered weight control behaviors among populations are plentiful and warrant future consideration by researchers and policymakers alike.
Detection of vertebrates from natural and artificial inland water bodies in a semi‐arid habitat using eDNA from filtered, swept, and sediment samples
Authors: McDonald Rupert , Bateman Philip W. , Cooper Christine , van der Heyde Mieke , Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh Mahsa , Hedges Brock A. , Guzik Michelle T. , Nevill Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiomonitoring is vital for establishing baseline data that is needed to identify and quantify ecological change and to inform management and conservation activities. However, biomonitoring and biodiversity assessment in arid environments, which are predicted to cover 56% of the Earth's land surface by 2100, can be prohibitively time consuming, expensive, and logistically challenging due to their often remote and inhospitable nature. Sampling of environmental DNA (eDNA) coupled with high‐throughput sequencing is an emerging biodiversity assessment method. Here we explore the application of eDNA metabarcoding and various sampling approaches to estimate vertebrate richness and assemblage at human‐constructed and natural water sources in a semi‐arid region of Western Australia. Three sampling methods: sediment samples, filtering through a membrane with a pump, and membrane sweeping in the water body, were compared using two eDNA metabarcoding assays, 12S‐V5 and 16smam, for 120 eDNA samples collected from four gnammas (gnamma: Australian Indigenous Noongar language term–granite rock pools) and four cattle troughs in the Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia. We detected higher vertebrate richness in samples from cattle troughs and found differences between assemblages detected in gnammas (more birds and amphibians) and cattle troughs (more mammals, including feral taxa). Total vertebrate richness was not different between swept and filtered samples, but all sampling methods yielded different assemblages. Our findings indicate that eDNA surveys in arid lands will benefit from collecting multiple samples at multiple water sources to avoid underestimating vertebrate richness. The high concentration of eDNA in small, isolated water bodies permits the use of sweep sampling that simplifies sample collection, processing, and storage, particularly when assessing vertebrate biodiversity across large spatial scales.
On the phenology of soil organisms: Current knowledge and future steps
Authors: Bonato Asato Ana E. , Wirth Christian , Eisenhauer Nico , Hines Jes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhenology is the study of timing of periodic activities in biological life cycles. It describes an inherent component of ecosystem dynamics, and shifts in biological activity have been increasingly recognized as an indicator of global change. Although phenology is mainly studied above the ground, major ecosystem processes, such as decomposition, mineralization, and nutrient cycling, are soil‐dependent. Therefore, the phenology of soil organisms is a crucial, but understudied, aspect of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. We performed a systematic review of 96 studies, which reported 228 phenological observations, to evaluate the current knowledge of soil microbial and animal phenology. Despite the increasing number of soil phenology reports, most research is still concentrated in a few countries (centered in the Northern Hemisphere) and taxa (microbiota), with significant gaps in the most diverse regions of the globe (i.e., tropics) and important taxa (e.g., ants, termites, and earthworms). Moreover, biotic predictors (e.g., biodiversity and species interactions) have rarely been considered as possible drivers of soil organisms' phenology. We present recommendations for future soil phenology research based on an evaluation of the reported geographical, taxonomic, and methodologic trends that bias current soil phenology research. First, we highlight papers that depict good soil phenology practice, either regarding the research foci, methodological approaches, or results reporting. Then, we discuss the gaps, challenges, and opportunities for future research. Overall, we advocate that focusing both on highly diverse ecosystems and key soil organisms, while testing for the direct and indirect effects of biodiversity loss and climatic stressors, could increase our knowledge of soil functioning and enhance the accuracy of predictions depicting the effects of global change on terrestrial ecosystem functioning as a whole.
Noninvasive camera data and spatial capture–recapture models reveal strong temporal variation in fawn survival
Authors: Engebretsen Kristin N. , Cherry Michael J. , Conner L. Mike , Garrison Elina P. , Miller Karl V. , Chandler Richard B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn south Florida, white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the primary prey of the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Deer populations in some regions of south Florida have declined in recent years, and the role of fawn survival and recruitment in these declines is unknown. Determining known‐fate survival of fawns is challenging, requires invasive and costly methods, and often has a limited geographic scope. We deployed 180 cameras throughout the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the Big Cypress National Preserve to understand how environmental variables influence fawn survival. We identified 271 fawns from 12,715 photographs in 2015 and 2016. We utilized a noninvasive sampling method coupled with a spatial capture–recapture model to estimate the number of fawns born, the spatial distribution of birth locations, and the number of fawns that survived to recruitment (180 days old) during two fawning seasons. We found strong evidence of temporal variation in survival, but little evidence of spatial variation. Within the 10,941‐ha study area, we estimated that 305 (95% CI: 245–385) fawns were born in 2015 and 278 (212–381) fawns were born in 2016. In 2015, 36% (110) of the estimated 305 fawns survived to 180 days. However, in 2016, only 13% (36) of the estimated 278 fawns survived to 180 days. The large difference in recruitment between years was likely driven by record flooding in 2016. Our data suggest that extreme weather events, coupled with high adult mortality, likely contributed to recent deer population decline in south Florida through reduced fawn recruitment. Unlike studies of known‐fate fawn survival that require labor‐intensive and invasive capture of both adults and neonates, our approach relies exclusively on camera data, which makes it possible to conduct studies over broad spatiotemporal scales in challenging environments to illuminate the drivers of variation in juvenile survival.