bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do substances have formal parts?
Authors: Renz Graham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHylomorphism is the Aristotelian theory according to which substances are composed of matter and form. If a house is a substance, then its matter would be a collection of bricks and timbers, and its form is something like the structure of those bricks and timbers. It is widely agreed that matter bears a mereological relationship to substance; the bricks and timbers are parts of the house. But with form things are more controversial. Is the structure of the bricks and timbers best conceived as a part of the house, or is it related to the house in some non‐mereological fashion? Kathrin Koslicki argues that substances have formal parts and that forms are best conceived as bearing a mereological relation to substances. This paper shows that her argument fails, given the traditional and plausible distinction between substances and accidental unities. I close with a brief suggestion for a non‐mereological construal of forms.
Role of histone H3K4 methyltransferase in regulating Monascus pigments production by red light‐coupled magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jialan , Chen Yufeng , Wang Shaojin , Liu Yingbao , Li Li , Gao Mengxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLight, magnetic field, and methylation affected the growth and secondary metabolism of fungi. The regulation effect of the three factors on the growth and Monascus pigments (MPs) synthesis of Monascus purpureus was investigated in this study. 5‐azacytidine (5‐AzaC), DNA methylation inhibitor, was used to treat M. purpureus (wild‐type, WT). Twenty micromolar 5‐AzaC significantly promoted the growth, development, and MPs yield. Moreover, 250 lux red light and red light coupled magnetic field (RLCMF) significantly promoted the biomass. For WT, red light, and RLCMF significantly promoted MPs yield. But compared with red light treatment, only 0.2 mT RLCMF promoted the alcohol‐soluble MPs yield. For histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex subunit Ash2 gene knockout strain (ΔAsh2), only 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted water‐soluble MPs yield. Yet red light, 1.0 and 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted alcohol‐soluble MPs yield. This indicated that methylation affected the MPs biosynthesis. Red light and weaker MF had a synergistic effect on the growth and MPs synthesis of ΔAsh2. This result was further confirmed by the expression of related genes. Therefore, histone H3K4 methyltransferase was involved in the regulation of the growth, development, and MPs synthesis of M. purpureus by the RLCMF.
Associations of accelerometer‐based sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity with resting cardiac structure and function in adolescents according to sex, fat mass, lean mass, BMI, and hypertensive status
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThis study examined the independent relationships of device‐based measured sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) in relation to cardiac structural and functional geometry among adolescents.MethodsFrom the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK birth cohort, 530 (50% female) adolescents aged 17 years had complete ST, PA, cardiac, and covariate measures. Echocardiography cardiac measures were left ventricular mass indexed for height2.7 (LVMI2.7), relative wall thickness, LV diastolic function (LVDF), and LV filling pressure (LVFP). Overweight/obesity and elevated systolic/BP hypertension were categorized as body mass index >24.99 kg/m2 and ≥130 mmHg, respectively. Data were analyzed with linear regression models adjusting for cardiometabolic factors and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight/obesity in males and females was 17.9% and 24.5%, respectively. The prevalence of elevated systolic BP/hypertension was 11.6% in males and 1.1% among females. The average ST was 484 ± 78 min/day, light PA was 274 ± 62 min/day, and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) was 41 ± 24 min/day, among females. Average ST, LPA, and MVPA were 468 ± 87 min/day, 293 ± 70 min/day, and 56 ± 30 min/day, respectively, among males. Higher ST was associated with higher LVMI2.7 (standardized β = 0.16; p = 0.01) among females, but higher ST was associated with lower LVDF in males (β = −0.14; p = 0.04). Higher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI2.7 in the total cohort, normal weight, and overweight/obese adolescents. Light PA was associated with higher LVDF in the total cohort and normotensives and lower LVFP among adolescents with high lean mass.ConclusionsHigher ST and MVPA were associated with higher LVMI; however, ST‐associated LVMI increase was threefold higher than MVPA‐associated LVMI increase. Higher LPA was associated with better cardiac function. Reducing ST and increasing LPA may attenuate the risk of altered cardiac structure and function in adolescents.
A metasomatised mantle origin for post‐collisional porphyry ore‐forming magmas in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt, Southwest China
Authors: Hao Hongda , Park Jung‐Woo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe constrain the magma sources of representative post‐collisional ore‐associated and barren suites in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt, Southwest China. The ore‐associated suites generally have higher Mg# and Cr and Ni contents than the crustal melts. Also, they show wide ranges of whole‐rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes that are similar to the subduction‐modified mantle‐derived alkaline volcanic rocks in the region. Combing with the geochemical model, we suggest that the ore‐associated suites dominantly originated from partial melts of subduction‐metasomatised mantle by fractional crystallisation. In contrast, the barren suites are mainly characterised by low Mg# and Cr and Ni contents that are comparable to the crustal melts and they have enriched whole‐rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a metasomatised lower crustal origin. The different magma sources play an important role in controlling the fertility of contemporary ore‐associated and barren magmatic suites during post‐collisional porphyry ore formation.
Sensory plastid‐associated PsbP DOMAIN‐CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 triggers plant growth‐ and defense‐related epigenetic responses
Authors: Jeh Ha Eun , Sanchez Robersy , Beltrán Jesús , Yang Xiaodong , Kundariya Hardik , Wamboldt Yashitola , Dopp Isaac , Hafner Alenka , Mackenzie Sally A. 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSensory plastids are important in plant responses to environmental changes. Previous studies show that MutS HOMOLOG 1 (MSH1) perturbation in sensory plastids induces heritable epigenetic phenotype adjustment. Previously, the PsbP homolog DOMAIN‐CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 (PPD3), a protein of unknown function, was postulated to be an interactor with MSH1. This study investigates the relationship of PPD3 with MSH1 and with plant environmental sensing. The ppd3 mutant displays a whole‐plant phenotype variably altered in growth rate, flowering time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation and response to salt, with effects on meristem growth. Present in both chloroplasts and sensory plastids, PPD3 colocalized with MSH1 in root tips but not in leaf tissues. The suppression or overexpression of PPD3 affected the plant growth rate and stress tolerance, and led to a heritable, heterogenous ‘memory’ state with both dwarfed and vigorous growth phenotypes. Gene expression and DNA methylome data sets from PPD3‐OX and derived memory states showed enrichment in growth versus defense networks and meristem effects. Our results support a model of sensory plastid influence on nuclear epigenetic behavior and ppd3 as a second trigger, functioning within meristem plastids to recalibrate growth plasticity.
Albumin‐based solution is the ideal post‐thawing suspension medium for cord blood hematopoietic stem cells: A stability and proliferative evaluation
Authors: Lachica Che‐Ann , Miele Massimino Jan , Herrera Sheanna Marie , Elanbari Mohammed , Deola Sara , Saleh Ayman , Ejaz Anila , Aftab Syed , Olagunju Damilola , Laoun Rabah , Cugno Chiara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation and thawing protocols represent key factors for the efficacy of cellular therapy products, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While the HSC cryopreservation has already been standardized, the thawing procedures have been poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the thawing and washing protocol of cord blood (CB) derived HSCs or the HPC(CB), by selecting the optimal thawing solution and determining CD34+ cells' stability over time.Study Design and MethodsSeven cryopreserved CB products were thawed, washed, and resuspended in three different solutions (10% Dextran40 in NaCl equally prepared with 5% human albumin; 5% human albumin in PBS/EDTA; and normal saline) and stored at 4°C (±2°C). Mononuclear cell (MNC) count, CD45+/CD34+ cell enumeration, and cell viability were tested at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The protocol with the selected solution was further validated on additional 10 CB samples. The above parameters and the colony‐forming unit (CFU) assay were analyzed at time points 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the 5% human albumin was the most suitable thawing solution. MNCs were stable up to 4 h (p = 0.009), viable CD45+ cells were unstable even at 2 h (p = 0.013), and viable CD34+ cells were stable until 6 h (p = 0.019). The CFU assay proved the proliferative potential up to 8 h, although significantly decreased after 4 h (p = 0.013), and correlated with the viable CD34+ cell counts. We demonstrated that the post‐thawed and washed HPC(CB) using 5% human albumin is stable for up to 4 h.
Small sums of five roots of unity
Authors: Barber Ben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivated by questions in number theory, Myerson asked how small the sum of five complex th roots of unity can be. We obtain a uniform bound of by perturbing the vertices of a regular pentagon, improving to infinitely often. The corresponding configurations were suggested by examining exact minimum values computed for . These minima can be explained at least in part by selection of the best example from multiple families of competing configurations related to close rational approximations.
Clinical Evaluation Findings in Patients Diagnosed With Deltoid Ligament Ankle Sprains: A Report From the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network
Authors: Snyder Valier Alison R. , Toohill Haley , Lam Kenneth C. , Huxel Bliven Kellie C. 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To describe clinical presentation and initial management of patients with deltoid ligament ankle sprains. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Practice-based research network. Participants: Athletic trainers (n = 133) from 52 clinics in 19 states. Independent Variable: Deltoid sprains (October 2009–April 2020). Main Outcome Measurements: Clinical findings (e.g., sport, mechanism of injury, severity, range of motion, tests) and initial management. Results: Deltoid sprains (n = 105) were diagnosed within 3.2 ± 4.1 days of injury, mostly in male secondary school athletes (n = 62/105, 59.0%). Common sports were football (n = 29/94, 30.9%) and basketball (n = 28/94, 29.8%). Common mechanism of injuries were twisting (n = 35/94, 37.2%) and contact (n = 28/94, 29.8%). Sprains were mostly mild (n = 59/94, 62.7%) with mild or no edema (n = 85/96, 85.5%) and effusion (n = 90/96, 93.4%). Active (n = 49/96, 51.0%) and passive range of motion (n = 54/96, 56.3%) were mostly normal, and a median of four (interquartile range = 2–5) tests were used, mostly anterior drawer (n = 74/105, 70.5%) and talar tilt-eversion (n = 74/105, 70.5%). Management involved removal from participation (n = 48/94, 51.1%), treatment by athletic trainers (n = 22/40, 55.0%), and referral to physicians (n = 16/40, 40.0%). Conclusions: Deltoid sprains mostly occurred in males playing football or basketball and were caused by twisting with minimal effusion, edema, and range of motion loss. Given the infrequency of deltoid sprains and difficulty diagnosing them, thorough clinical evaluation is necessary for treatment decisions.
A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: McNicholas Michael , De Cola Antonella , Bashardanesh Zahedeh , Foss Amelia , Lloyd Cameron B. , Hébert Steven , Faury Damien , Andrade Augusto Faria , Jabado Nada , Kleinman Claudia L. , Pathania Manav 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are lethal, incurable brain tumors frequently driven by clonal mutations in histone genes. They often harbor a range of additional genetic alterations that correlate with different ages, anatomic locations, and tumor subtypes. We developed models representing 16 pHGG subtypes driven by different combinations of alterations targeted to specific brain regions. Tumors developed with varying latencies and cell lines derived from these models engrafted in syngeneic, immunocompetent mice with high penetrance. Targeted drug screening revealed unexpected selective vulnerabilities—H3.3G34R/PDGFRAC235Y to FGFR inhibition, H3.3K27M/PDGFRAWT to PDGFRA inhibition, and H3.3K27M/PDGFRAWT and H3.3K27M/PPM1DΔC/PIK3CAE545K to combined inhibition of MEK and PIK3CA. Moreover, H3.3K27M tumors with PIK3CA, NF1, and FGFR1 mutations were more invasive and harbored distinct additional phenotypes, such as exophytic spread, cranial nerve invasion, and spinal dissemination. Collectively, these models reveal that different partner alterations produce distinct effects on pHGG cellular composition, latency, invasiveness, and treatment sensitivity.

Significance:
Histone-mutant pediatric gliomas are a highly heterogeneous tumor entity. Different histone mutations correlate with different ages of onset, survival outcomes, brain regions, and partner alterations. We have developed models of histone-mutant gliomas that reflect this anatomic and genetic heterogeneity and provide evidence of subtype-specific biology and therapeutic targeting.
See related commentary by Lubanszky and Hawkins, p. 1516.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501
Disruptive and Truncating TP53 Mutations Are Associated with African-Ancestry and Worse Prognosis in Brazilian Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cavagna Rodrigo de Oliveira , Pinto Icaro Alves , Escremim de Paula Flávia , Berardinelli Gustavo Noriz , Sant'Anna Débora , Santana Iara , da Silva Vinicius Duval , Da Silva Eduardo Caetano Albino , Miziara José Elias , Mourão Dias Josiane , Antoniazzi Augusto , Jacinto Alexandre , De Marchi Pedro , Molina-Vila Miguel Angel , Ferro Leal Leticia , Reis Rui Manuel 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in lung tumors, but its prognostic role in admixed populations, such as Brazilians, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and clinicopathological impact of TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Brazil. Methods: We analyzed 446 NSCLC patients from Barretos Cancer Hospital. TP53 mutational status was evaluated through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the variants were biologically classified as disruptive/nondisruptive and as truncating/nontruncating. We also assessed genetic ancestry using 46 ancestry-informative markers. Analysis of lung adenocarcinomas from the cBioportal dataset was performed. We further examined associations of TP53 mutations with patients’ clinicopathological features. Results: TP53 mutations were detected in 64.3% (n = 287/446) of NSCLC cases, with a prevalence of 60.4% (n = 221/366) in lung adenocarcinomas. TP53 mutations were associated with brain metastasis at diagnosis, tobacco consumption, and higher African ancestry. Disruptive and truncating mutations were associated with a younger age at diagnosis. Additionally, cBioportal dataset revealed that TP53 mutations were associated with younger age and Black skin color. Patients harboring disruptive/truncating TP53 mutations had worse overall survival than nondisruptive/nontruncating and wild-type patients. Conclusion: TP53 mutations are common in Brazilian lung adenocarcinomas, and their biological characterization as disruptive and truncating mutations is associated with African ancestry and shorter overall survival.
Cardiovascular Health and Life Expectancy Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Ma Hao , Wang Xuan , Xue Qiaochu , Li Xiang , Liang Zhaoxia , Heianza Yoriko , Franco Oscar H. , Qi Lu 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cardiovascular disease may be the main reason for stagnant growth in life expectancy in the United States since 2010. The American Heart Association recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH)—Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score. We aimed to quantify the associations of CVH levels, estimated by the LE8 score, with life expectancy in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods:
We included 23 003 nonpregnant, noninstitutionalized participants aged 20 to 79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018 and whose mortality was identified through linkage to the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. The overall CVH was evaluated by the LE8 score (range, 0–100), as well as the score for each component of diet, physical activity, tobacco/nicotine exposure, sleep duration, body mass index, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Life table method was used to estimate life expectancy by levels of the CVH.

Results:
During a median of 7.8 years of follow-up, 1359 total deaths occurred. The estimated life expectancy at age 50 years was 27.3 years (95% CI, 26.1–28.4), 32.9 years (95% CI, 32.3–33.4), and 36.2 years (95% CI, 34.2–38.2) in participants with low (LE8 score <50), moderate (50≤ LE8 score <80), and high (LE8 score ≥80) CVH, respectively. Equivalently, participants with high CVH had an average 8.9 (95% CI, 6.2–11.5) more years of life expectancy at age 50 years compared with those with low CVH. On average, 42.6% of the gained life expectancy at age 50 years from adhering to high CVH was attributable to reduced cardiovascular disease death. Similarly significant associations of CVH with life expectancy were observed in men and women, respectively. Similarly significant associations of CVH with life expectancy were observed in White participants and Black participants but not in Mexican participants.

Conclusions:
Adhering to a high CVH, defined as the LE8 score, is related to a considerably increased life expectancy in US adults, but more research needs to be done in other races and ethnicities (eg, Hispanic and Asian).
Angiotensin II–Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus Contributes to Neuronal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Althammer Ferdinand , Roy Ranjan K. , Kirchner Matthew K. , Campos-Lira Elba , Whitley Kathryn E. , Davis Steven , Montanez Juliana , Ferreira-Neto Hildebrando Candido , Danh Jessica , Feresin Rafaela , Biancardi Vinicia Campana , Zafar Usama , Parent Marise B. , Stern Javier E. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating disease affecting >64 million people worldwide. In addition to impaired cardiovascular performance and associated systemic complications, most patients with HF suffer from depression and substantial cognitive decline. Although neuroinflammation and brain hypoperfusion occur in humans and rodents with HF, the underlying neuronal substrates, mechanisms, and their relative contribution to cognitive deficits in HF remains unknown.

Methods:
To address this critical gap in our knowledge, we used a well-established HF rat model that mimics clinical outcomes observed in the human population, along with a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, molecular and systemic physiological approaches.

Results:
Our studies support neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion/hypoxia, and neuronal deficits in the hippocampus of HF rats, which correlated with the progression and severity of the disease. An increased expression of AT1aRs (Ang II [angiotensin II] receptor type 1a) in hippocampal microglia preceded the onset of neuroinflammation. Importantly, blockade of AT1Rs with a clinically used therapeutic drug (Losartan), and delivered in a clinically relevant manner, efficiently reversed neuroinflammatory end points (but not hypoxia ones), resulting in turn in improved cognitive performance in HF rats. Finally, we show than circulating Ang II can leak and access the hippocampal parenchyma in HF rats, constituting a possible source of Ang II initiating the neuroinflammatory signaling cascade in HF.

Conclusions:
In this study, we identified a neuronal substrate (hippocampus), a mechanism (Ang II–driven neuroinflammation) and a potential neuroprotective therapeutic target (AT1aRs) for the treatment of cognitive deficits in HF.
Deep Learning Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem for Differential Operators
Authors: Ben-Shaul Ido , Bar Leah , Fishelov Dalia , Sochen Nir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Solving the eigenvalue problem for differential operators is a common problem in many scientific fields. Classical numerical methods rely on intricate domain discretization and yield nonanalytic or nonsmooth approximations. We introduce a novel neural network–based solver for the eigenvalue problem of differential self-adjoint operators, where the eigenpairs are learned in an unsupervised end-to-end fashion. We propose several training procedures for solving increasingly challenging tasks toward the general eigenvalue problem. The proposed solver is capable of finding the M smallest eigenpairs for a general differential operator. We demonstrate the method on the Laplacian operator, which is of particular interest in image processing, computer vision, and shape analysis among many other applications. In addition, we solve the Legendre differential equation. Our proposed method simultaneously solves several eigenpairs and can be easily used on free-form domains. We exemplify it on L-shape and circular cut domains. A significant contribution of this work is an analysis of the numerical error of this method. In particular an upper bound for the (unknown) solution error is given in terms of the (measured) truncation error of the partial differential equation and the network structure.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 34 days old infant with SARS-COV-2 associated pneumonia
Authors: Zhuk Aleh , Tsylko Aliaksei , Nazarava Viktoryia , Migun Anna 
Published: April 2023

We present a case of successful veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in infant with SARS-COV-2 associated pneumonia. To the best of our knowledge, this patient was the youngest infant successfully discharged after the VA-ECMO for COVID-19. We report one complication of ECMO support, which was bleeding from the site of the radial artery cannulation. We followed up this patient for 6 months after the discharge: delayed psychomotor development and inability to swallow were noted. Follow-up CT 3 months after the discharge showed linear fibrosis of S5 lung segment.