bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of stunting among children under 5 years in remote Nepal
Authors: Karki Alisha , Rijal Barsha , Shrestha Ganesh , Makai Prabina , Joshi Saugat , Basnet Srijana , Neupane Rudra , Karki Jiban 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe growth and development of an individual is greatly influenced by their nutritional state during the first 5 years of life. Stunted growth and suboptimal weight gain remain major public health concerns during the most critical stages of growth and early childhood development. This study aims to assess the prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age and identify its associated factors in remote district of Nepal.MethodsWe conducted a survey with 487 mothers of children under 5 years of age in a remote area of Nepal. Smartphones were installed with KoBocollect software to collect the data. Trained health researchers collected the data including the anthropometric measurement (height, weight and mid‐upper arm circumference, MUAC) for assessment of the nutritional status. We followed World Health Organization guidelines for the anthropometric measurement and calculated theZ‐score using Emergency Nutrition (ENA) software. Regarding the questions related to dietary diversity, we used a validated questionnaire: household dietary diversity score, child dietary diversity score and women dietary diversity score. We analysed all the data from the survey using SPSS version 24. We performed descriptive and multivariable analyses to find the nutritional status and factors associated with stunting.ResultWe found a high prevalence of stunting, that is, 56.7% among children under 5 years of age. Sociodemographic variables like age, sex of the child and ethnicity were significantly associated with the prevalence of stunting. Male children (60.7%) were more likely to be stunted compared to females (51.8%). We found that children from the Brahmin/Chhetri ethnic group were more likely to be stunted compared to children from Dalit and Janajati. Mothers who delivered their youngest child by skilled health personnel were less likely to have their children to be stunted. Similarly, children aged 24–59 months were 2.5 times more likely to be stunted than those aged 6–23 months.ConclusionStunting among children under 5 years of age is very high in the remote district of Nepal. Sex, age of the child, ethnicity and delivery by a health professional were associated with the prevalence of stunting. There is a need for awareness and public health intervention to reduce the prevalence of stunting and improve the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in remote districts of Nepal. Furthermore, assessment of the nutritional status of children in other remote districts of Nepal is important.
Strengthened Interficial Adhesive Fracture Energy by Young's Modulus Matching Degree Strategy in Carbon‐Based HTM Free MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell with Enhanced Mechanical Compatibility
Authors: Liu Wen‐Wu , Li Cai‐Xia , Cui Chong‐Yang , Liu Guang‐Long , Lei Yi‐Xiao , Zheng Ya‐Wen , Da Shi‐Ji , Xu Zhi‐Qiang , Zou Rong , Kong Ling‐Bin , Ran Fen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based hole transport layer‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) have become one of the research focus due to low cost, easy preparation, and good optoelectronic properties. However, instability of perovskite under vacancy defects and stress–strain makes it difficult to achieve high‐efficiency and stable power output. Here, a soft‐structured long‐chain 2D pentanamine iodide (abbreviated as “PI”) is used to improve perovskite quality and interfacial mechanical compatibility. PI containing CH3(CH2)4NH3+ and I− ions not only passivate defects at grain boundaries, but also effectively alleviate residual stress during high temperature annealing via decreasing Young's modulus of perovskite film. Most importantly, PI effectively increases matching degree of Young's modulus between MAPbI3 (47.1 GPa) and carbon (6.7 GPa), and strengthens adhesive fracture energy (Gc) between perovskite and carbon, which is helpful for outward release of nascent interfacial stress generated under service conditions. Consequently, photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of optimal device is enhanced from 10.85% to 13.76% and operational stability is also significantly improved. 83.1% output is maintained after aging for 720 h at room temperature and 25–60% relative humidity (RH). This strategy of regulation from chemistry and physics provides a strategy for efficient and stable carbon‐based PSCs.
Additive Strategy Enhancing In Situ Polymerization Uniformity for High‐Voltage Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Jian , Yu Mengyue , Huang Minghao , Wu Yueyue , Fu Chengyu , Dong Lei , Zhu Zhendong , Zhang Le , Zhang Zheng , Feng Xuyong , Xiang Hongfa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn situ polymerization to prepare quasi‐solid electrolyte has attracted wide attentions for its advantage in achieving intimate electrode–electrolyte contact and the high process compatibility with current liquid batteries; however, gases can be generated during polymerization process and remained in the final electrolyte, severely impairing the electrolyte uniformity and electrochemical performance. In this work, an in situ polymerized poly(vinylene carbonate)‐based quasi‐solid electrolyte for high‐voltage sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is demonstrated, which contains a novel multifunctional additive N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). MSTFA as high‐efficient plasticizer diminishes residual gases in electrolyte after polymerization; the softer and homogeneous electrolyte enables much faster ionic conduction. The HF/H2O scavenge effect of MSTFA mitigates the corrosion of free acid to cathode and interfacial passivating layers, enhancing the cycle stability under high voltage. As a result, the 4.4 V Na||Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cell employing the optimized electrolyte possesses an initial discharge capacity of 112.0 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 91.3% after 100 cycles at 0.5C, obviously better than those of its counterparts without MSTFA addition. This work gives a pioneering study on the gas residue phenomenon in in situ polymerized electrolytes, and introduces a novel multifunctional silane additive that effectively enhances electrochemical performance in high‐voltage SMBs, showing practical application significance.
Gravitation from optimized computation: Einstein and beyond
Authors: Carrasco Rafael , Pedraza Juan F. , Svesko Andrew , Weller-Davies Zachary 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A new principle in quantum gravity, dubbed spacetime complexity, states that gravitational physics emerges from spacetime seeking to optimize the computational cost of its quantum dynamics. Thus far, this principle has been realized at the linearized level, in holographic theories with Einstein gravity duals, assuming the so-called ‘Complexity-Volume’ (CV) proposal. We expand on this proof in two significant directions. First, we derive higher-derivative gravitational equations by including appropriate corrections to the CV dictionary. Second, we show semi-classical equations arise by considering the leading bulk quantum corrections to CV. Our proof is valid for two-dimensional dilaton gravities, where the problem of semi-classical backreaction can be solved exactly. However, we argue the principle should hold more generally, leading us to a concrete proposal for bulk complexity of perturbative excited states in arbitrary dimensions. Our results demonstrate the robustness of spacetime complexity as a guiding principle to understand gravity in terms of quantum computation.
Plan B: new Z′ models for b → sℓ+ℓ− anomalies
Authors: Allanach Ben , Mullin Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Measurements of b → sμ+μ− transitions indicate that there may be a new physics field coupling to di-muon pairs associated with the b to s flavour transition. Including the 2022 LHCb reanalysis of RK and $$ {R}_{K^{\ast }} $$

R

K
∗

, one infers that there may also be associated new physics in b → se+e− transitions. Here, we examine the extent of the statistical preference for Z′ models coupling to di-electron pairs taking into account the relevant constraints, in particular from experiments at LEP-2. We identify an anomaly-free set of models which interpolates between the Z′ not coupling to electrons at all, to one in which there is an equal Z′ coupling to muons and electrons (but where in all models in the set, the Z′ boson can mediate b → sμ+μ− transitions). A 3B3 − Le − 2Lμ model provides a close-to-optimal fit to the pertinent measurements along the line of interpolation. We have (re-)calculated predictions for the relevant LEP-2 observables in terms of dimension-6 SMEFT operators and put them into the flavio computer program, so that they are available for global fits.
Classical observables from the exponential representation of the gravitational S-matrix
Authors: Damgaard Poul H. , Hansen Elias Roos , Planté Ludovic , Vanhove Pierre 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
By combining the KMOC-formalism with the exponential representation of the scattering matrix we show that the two-body scattering angle is given by the corresponding matrix element of the exponential representation. This holds to all orders in the Post-Minkowskian expansion of gravity when restricted to the conservative sector. Once gravitational radiation is taken into account new terms correcting this relationship appear starting at fourth Post-Minkowskian order. A systematic expansion of the momentum kick is provided to any order, thus illustrating the iterative structure that partly recycles terms from lower orders in the Post-Minkowskian expansion. We provide explicit results for this computation to fourth Post-Minkowskian order, the first complete calculation at this order based on scattering amplitudes.
Thermodynamics of the three-dimensional black hole with torsion
Authors: Avilés Luis , Hidalgo Diego , Valdivia Omar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The stationary black hole solution of a Chern-Simons model based on the semi-simple extension of the Poincaré gauge group is studied. The solution resembles the metric properties of the BTZ geometry but contains, in addition, non-vanishing torsion. The global structure of spacetime is characterized by three conserved charges: two associated with the mass and angular momentum and one extra constant triggered by spacetime torsion. Consequently, we show that the entropy deviates from the standard Bekenstein-Hawking value and discuss the implications of torsional charges in the context of black hole thermodynamics.
Effective weak and vague convergence of measures on the real line
Authors: Rojas Diego A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe expand our effective framework for weak convergence of measures on the real line by showing that effective convergence in the Prokhorov metric is equivalent to effective weak convergence. In addition, we establish a framework for the study of the effective theory of vague convergence of measures. We introduce a uniform notion and a non-uniform notion of vague convergence, and we show that both these notions are equivalent. However, limits under effective vague convergence may not be computable even when they are finite. We give an example of a finite incomputable effective vague limit measure, and we provide a necessary and sufficient condition so that effective vague convergence produces a computable limit. Finally, we determine a sufficient condition for which effective weak and vague convergence of measures coincide. As a corollary, we obtain an effective version of the equivalence between classical weak and vague convergence of sequences of probability measures.
A new combined asymptotic-tolerance model of thermoelasticity problems for thin uniperiodic cylindrical shells
Authors: Tomczyk B. , Gołąbczak M. , Gołąbczak A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objects of consideration are thin linearly thermoelastic Kirchhoff–Love-type circular cylindrical shells having a periodically microheterogeneous structure in circumferential direction (uniperiodic shells). The aim of this contribution is to formulate and discuss a new averaged mathematical model for the analysis of selecteddynamic thermoelasticity problemsfor the shells under consideration. This so-called combined asymptotic-tolerance model is derived by applying the combined modelling including the consistent asymptotic and the tolerance non-asymptotic modelling techniques, which are conjugated with themselves into a newprocedure. The starting equations are the well-known governing equations of linear Kirchhoff–Love theory of thin elastic cylindrical shells combined with Duhamel–Neumann thermoelastic constitutive relations and coupled with the known linearized Fourier heat conduction equation. For the periodic shells, the starting equations have highly oscillating, non-continuous and periodic coefficients, whereas equations of the proposed model have constant coefficients dependent also on a cell size.
Older age and the presence of intrameniscal signs are risk factors for nonsurgical treatment failure of symptomatic intact discoid lateral meniscus
Authors: Luo Zhongyu , Qian Jun , Lu Xin , Fan Yu , Chang Xiao , Jiang Bo , Li Mingxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe treatment for symptomatic intact discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is controversial and the long‐term clinical outcome remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the overall failure rate of nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic intact DLM and identify the risk factors for nonoperative management failure.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic intact DLM at our hospital from 2014 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into Group A (failure group) and Group B (nonfailure group) based on overall failure criteria: conversion to surgery, progression of a tear on MRI re‐examination, or severely abnormal International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. Statistical analyses between the two groups were performed for demographic and radiographic characteristics. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with worse outcomes.ResultsOne‐hundred and four knees in 96 patients were included in this study. After a mean follow‐up of 76.9 ± 11.1 months, 25 knees (24.0%) met the overall failure criteria. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that age and the presence of intrameniscus signals increased the risk of nonoperative management failure. The clinical criterion of age > 37.5 years combined with the imaging criterion of the presence of intrameniscal signals predicted conservative treatment failure of symptomatic intact DLM with a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.91.ConclusionTwenty‐five (24.0%) knees that underwent nonsurgical treatment met the overall failure criteria after a mean follow‐up of 76.9 months. With increased age and the presence of intrameniscal signals, the nonoperative results become worse.Level of evidenceIII.
Welcome to the Punch. Local exposure to refugees and hate events in Italy
Authors: Denti Daria , Faggian Alessandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhich are the effects of hosting refugees on hate events, the most extreme acts against minorities? While growing research considers the link between refugees and voting behaviors, little is known about the influence of refugee reception on radicalization of anti-immigrant attitudes. Exploiting a novel database on geotagged hate events in Italy and the geography of refugee hosting centers, this paper provides novel evidence on the effect of exposure to refugees on hate in Italian provinces. Using instrumental variable estimation, we show that provinces with bigger refugee hosting capacity experienced higher incidence of hate.
An adaptive method for bandwidth selection in circular kernel density estimation
Authors: Zámečník Stanislav , Horová Ivana , Katina Stanislav , Hasilová Kamila 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKernel density estimations of circular data are an effective type of nonparametric estimation. The performance of these estimations depends significantly on a smoothing parameter referred to as bandwidth. Selecting suitable bandwidths for these types of estimation pose fundamental challenges, therefore fixed bandwidth selectors are often the initial choice. The study investigates common bandwidth selection methods and proposes novel methods which adopt the idea from the linear case. The attention is also paid to variable bandwidth selection. Using simulations which incorporate a range of circular distributions that exhibit multimodality, peakedness and skewness, the proposed methods were evaluated and then compared with other bandwidth selectors to determine their potential advantages. Two real datasets, one containing animal movements and the other wind direction data, were applied to illustrate the utility of the proposed methods.
Analysis of health concerns not addressed by REACH for low tonnage chemicals and opportunities for new approach methodology
Authors: Botham Philip , Cronin Mark T. D. , Currie Richard , Doe John , Funk-Weyer Dorothee , Gant Timothy W. , Leist Marcel , Marty Sue , van Ravenzwaay Bennard , Westmoreland Carl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) the criterion for deciding the studies that must be performed is the annual tonnage of the chemical manufactured or imported into the EU. The annual tonnage may be considered as a surrogate for levels of human exposure but this does not take into account the physico-chemical properties and use patterns that determine exposure. Chemicals are classified using data from REACH under areas of health concern covering effects on the skin and eye; sensitisation; acute, repeated and prolonged systemic exposure; effects on genetic material; carcinogenicity; and reproduction and development. We analysed the mandated study lists under REACH for each annual tonnage band in terms of the information they provide on each of the areas of health concern. Using the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) REACH Registration data base of over 20,000 registered substances, we found that only 19% of registered substances have datasets on all areas of health concern. Information limited to acute exposure, sensitisation and genotoxicity was found for 62%. The analysis highlighted the shortfall of information mandated for substances in the lower tonnage bands. Deploying New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) at this lower tonnage band to assess health concerns which are currently not covered by REACH, such as repeat and extended exposure and carcinogenicity, would provide additional information and would be a way for registrants and regulators to gain experience in the use of NAMs. There are currently projects in Europe aiming to develop NAM-based assessment frameworks and they could find their first use in assessing low tonnage chemicals once confidence has been gained by their evaluation with data rich chemicals.
Gaussian Fluctuations for Interacting Particle Systems with Singular Kernels
Authors: Wang Zhenfu , Zhao Xianliang , Zhu Rongchan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the asymptotic behaviour of the fluctuations for the empirical measures of interacting particle systems with singular kernels. We prove that the sequence of fluctuation processes converges in distribution to a generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Our result considerably extends classical results to singular kernels, including the Biot–Savart law. The result applies to the point vortex model approximating the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equation and the 2D Euler equation. We also obtain Gaussianity and optimal regularity of the limiting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The method relies on the martingale approach and the Donsker–Varadhan variational formula, which transfers the uniform estimate to some exponential integrals. Estimation of those exponential integrals follows by cancellations and combinatorics techniques and is of the type of the large deviation principle.
Artificial intelligence: how leading companies define use cases, scale-up utilization, and realize value
Authors: Grebe Michael , Franke Marc Roman , Heinzl Armin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative information technologies of our century. Despite high expectations across all industries and corporate functions, companies have difficulties to realize the full potential of AI and struggle to move beyond AI pilots. This article provides empirical evidence from survey data and three case studies to better understand the value drivers of AI. Leading companies specify use cases from a business perspective and leverage domain expertise to tap into value pools by combining technology with human capabilities. They provide fundamental enablers for AI like digital and data platforms, a data-centric organization with solid governance, and a dedicated human resource base to facilitate AI value creation. Moreover, these firms assess the financial and business impact of AI initiatives and reprioritize projects if the expected value does not materialize. Based on these insights, recommendations to better scale and derive value from AI projects will be offered.
Practices and challenges of threat modelling in agile environments
Authors: Theurich Paul , Witt Josepha , Richter Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFacing the increasing annual cybersecurity costs, threat modelling (TM) is a method to consider security as early as possible in the software development life cycle (SDLC). Thereby, TM helps to identify and address security-related design flaws in information systems. As the original TM approach is based on sequential development, it is not aligned with today’s predominantly agile environments. This results in several challenges. However, TM’s implementation in an agile development approach lacks the recommendations on how to tackle these challenges. Therefore, we assess the state-of-the-art of TM challenges and practices in agile environments by conducting a literature review covering 220 papers. Thereby, we identify nine categories of challenges and six categories of practices. We propose a valuable artefact for practitioners by mapping challenges and practices to the agile SDLC and by creating a matrix highlighting how the practices address the challenges of TM in an agile environment.
Capturing Polytopal Symmetries by Coloring the Edge-Graph
Authors: Winter Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA (convex) polytope $$P\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

P
⊂

R

d

and its edge-graph $$G_P$$

G
P

can have very distinct symmetry properties, in that the edge-graph can be much more symmetric than the polytope. In this article we ask whether this can be “rectified” by coloring the vertices and edges of $$G_P$$

G
P

, that is, whether we can find such a coloring so that the combinatorial symmetry group of the colored edge-graph is actually isomorphic (in a natural way) to the linear or orthogonal symmetry group of the polytope. As it turns out, such colorings exist and some of them can be constructed quite naturally. However, actually proving that they “capture polytopal symmetries” involves applying rather unexpected techniques from the intersection of convex geometry and spectral graph theory.