bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Me, my child and Covid‐19: Parents' reflections on their child's experiences of lockdown in the UK and China
Authors: Hoskins Kate , Thu Thu , Xu Yuwei , Gao Jie , Zhai Junqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past 2 years, the world has been living through the unprecedented Covid‐19 pandemic. Children have had to adapt to online classrooms and lessons of some sort, and many parents have been forced to work from home while supervising their child's home learning activities. We used participatory visual methods to understand how children and their parents have coped during this time, engaging parents as co‐researchers to ask their child to photograph and/or draw pictures that represent their daily lived experiences over the lockdown period. We then asked parents to interview their children (24 in total, 13 in the UK and 11 in China), using the children's artwork as prompts, and finally we interviewed parents. Through the data collection process, parents captured their children's experiences and feelings since the coronavirus struck. The data was analysed using Foucault's theory of discourse to provide unique and comparative insights into children's experiences in the UK and China during this exceptional time. Ours is the first study to integrate parents' and children's views of Covid‐19, drawing on parents as co‐researchers. We argue that combining the data collection methods and drawing on parents as co‐researchers enabled parents to gain insights into an understanding of their child's lived experiences throughout the pandemic that might otherwise have been unknown. These insights were often unexpected for parents, and have been grouped around themes of parental relief, anxiety and understanding.
Mutation of the attractin gene impairs working memory in rats
Authors: Liu Meng‐Qi , Xue Cheng , Li Xiao‐Hui , Ding Hong‐Qun , Zhang Meng‐Yu , Chen Kai , Li Ying , Gao Shu‐Zhan , Xu Xi‐Jia , Zhang Wei‐Ning 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveAttractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed member of the cell adhesion and guidance protein family in humans that is closely related to cellular immunity and neurodevelopment. However, while previous studies in our laboratory have confirmed the effect of ATRN mutations on long‐term memory, its specific role and the molecular mechanism by which it influences spatial cognition are poorly understood.MethodsThis study aimed to examine the effect of ATRN mutations on working memory in water maze with a novel ATRN‐mutant rat generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system; the mutation involved the substitution of the 505th amino acid, glycine (G), with cysteine (C), namely, a mutation from GGC to TGC. The changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in rats were also analyzed with the western blot.ResultsThe ATRN‐G505C(KI/KI) rats exhibited significant increases in the required latency and distance traveled to locate the escape platform in a Morris water maze test of working memory. In addition, the expression of MBP was reduced in ATRN‐mutant rats, as shown in the western blot analysis.ConclusionOur results indicate that ATRN gene mutations may directly lead to the impairment of working memory in the water maze; this impairment may be due to the inhibition of MBP expression, which in turn affects the spatial cognition.
Dihydropyrimidinase‐like 2 can serve as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Fenglin , Ling Qing , Lian Jiaying , Chen Ying , Hu Chao , Yang Min , Zhang Xiang , Li Chenying , Mao Shihui , Ye Wenle , Li Xia , Lin Xiangjie , Wei Wenwen , Huang Xin , Pan Jiajia , Qian Yu , Wang Jinghan , Lu Ying , Jin Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers significantly contributes to individualized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Dihydropyrimidinase‐like 2 (DPYSL2) expression was decreased in homoharringtonine (HHT)‐resistant AML cells, which were established by our group. DPYSL2 plays an important role in axon growth and has oncogene effect in glioblastoma. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the function of DPYSL2 in AML pathogenesis.MethodsAuto‐docking was used to reveal the targeting relationship between HHT and DPYSL2. Overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS), and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of DPYSL2 for AML. ShRNA was used to knockdown the expression of SPATS2L. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. In vivo growth and survival were assessed using a xenotransplantation mice model. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SPATS2L in AML and were confirmed by Western blot.ResultsWe found DPYSL2 was the target of HHT. Next, we found AML cell lines and patients had higher DPYSL2 expression levels than the normal samples. Further multivariate analysis demonstrated that high DPYSL2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS, EFS, and RFS in AML. Inhibition of DPYSL2 expression suppressed cell growth, induced apoptosis in AML cell lines, and prolonged the survival of AML xenograft NCG mice. Through RNA‐seq analysis from TCGA and our data, the JAK2/STAT3/STAT5‐PI3K P85/AKT/GSK3b axis was thought to be the critical pathway in regulating DPYSL2 in AML development.ConclusionsWe first time confirmed that DPYSL2 was a target of HHT and played an oncogene role in AML by regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, DPYSL2 could serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for AML treatment.
Molecular Mechanism of the Role of Apigenin in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: A Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Li Shuhan , Wang Zizhao , Zhou Zhengnan , Gao Zhiyuan , Liu Yuai , Li Jie , Gao Xingbang , Liu Jing , Liu Hanbing , Xu Qian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic effect of apigenin (APG) on hyperlipidemia was investigated using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking strategy, and the potential targets of APG in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were explored. Genetic Ontology Biological Process (GOBP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway enrichment analysis of common targets were performed. Then, molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of APG to the target. Finally, Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model. The expression levels of insulin (INS) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA in each group were detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Network pharmacological studies revealed that the role of APG in the treatment of hyperlipidemia was through the regulation of INS, VEGFA, tumor necrosis factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloprotein 9, and other targets, as well as through the regulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis signaling pathways, vascular permeability; APG also participated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, and acted on vascular endothelial cells, and regulated vascular tone. Molecular docking showed that APG binds to the target with good efficiency. Experiments showed that after APG treatment, the expression levels of INS and VEGFA mRNA in the model group were significantly decreased (p<0.01). In conclusion, APG has multiple targets and affects pathways involved in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by regulating the HIF‐1 signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and the atherosclerosis pathway.
An Innovative Bi12SiO20 Multistage Cubic Nanospheres Cathode for High‐Performance Bi//Zn Battery
Authors: Zhou Dongli , Lu Qiong , Li Zhangxin , Zhao Mengxiao , Li Shiji , Yin Keshu , Teng Chunlin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkaline Bi//Zn batteries with superb safety, low cost, and high power density are promising candidates for large‐scale electrical energy storage. However, their developments are severely limited by the Bi‐based cathode as the unsatisfying capacity and cycle life. Herein, an innovative multistage cubic nanospheres Bi12SiO20 (MCS‐Bi12SiO20) is successfully synthesized by a simple calcination method, which shows excellent energy storage performances of superior specific capacity (294 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability (134 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1). When coupled with Zn anode a superior MCS‐Bi12SiO20//Zn is fabricated, which delivers a high energy density of 247.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 375 W kg−1. Additionally, the MCS‐Bi12SiO20//Zn battery shows excellent cycle life, which reserves more than 100 % of its original capacity after 5000 cycles. Such performance is higher than previously reported Bi//Zn battery and most other Zn batteries. This is the first example of using Bi12SiO20 as cathode for RAZBs, which may provide highly promising material towards better Bi//Zn battery.
Impact of Internal Charge Transfer on the Photophysical Properties of Pyridine‐Fused Phosphorus‐Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: McNeill J. N. , Kascoutas Melanie A. , Karas Lucas J. , Zakharov Lev N. , Wu Judy I. , Johnson Darren W. , Haley Michael M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe phosphaquinolinone scaffold has been previously studied as a modular core for a variety of fluorescent species where use of substituent effects has focused on increasing or decreasing electron density in the core rings. We now report the synthesis and analysis of several pyridine‐containing phosphaquinolinone species exhibiting notable linear conjugation from the aryl‐substituent to electron‐withdrawing pyridyl nitrogen. Varying the nature of the aryl substituent from electron‐withdrawing to electron‐donating leads to the generation of an internal charge‐transfer (ICT) band in the absorbance spectrum, which becomes the dominant absorbance in terms of intensity in the most electron‐rich ‐NMe2 example. This heterocycle exhibits improved photophysical properties compared to others in the set including high quantum yield and considerably red‐shifted emission. The enhanced ICT can be observed in the X‐ray data where a rare example of molecule co‐planarity is observed. Computational data show increased localization of negative charge on the pyridyl nitrogen as the electron‐donating character of the aryl‐substituent increases.
Development of Potent and Highly Selective Epoxyketone‐Based Plasmodium Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Almaliti Jehad , Fajtová Pavla , Calla Jaeson , LaMonte Gregory M. , Feng Mudong , Rocamora Frances , Ottilie Sabine , Glukhov Evgenia , Boura Evzen , Suhandynata Raymond T. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Gilson Michael K. , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Gerwick William H. , O'Donoghue Anthony J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we present remarkable epoxyketone‐based proteasome inhibitors with low nanomolar in vitro potency for blood‐stage Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity for human cells. Our best compound has more than 2,000‐fold greater selectivity for erythrocytic‐stage P. falciparum over HepG2 and H460 cells, which is largely driven by the accommodation of the parasite proteasome for a D‐amino acid in the P3 position and the preference for a difluorobenzyl group in the P1 position. We isolated the proteasome from P. falciparum cell extracts and determined that the best compound is 171‐fold more potent at inhibiting the β5 subunit of P. falciparum proteasome when compared to the same subunit of the human constitutive proteasome. These compounds also significantly reduce parasitemia in a P. berghei mouse infection model and prolong survival of animals by an average of 6 days. The current epoxyketone inhibitors are ideal starting compounds for orally bioavailable anti‐malarial drugs.
Chiral Carbon Dots: Synthesis and Applications in Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Biosensing and Biology
Authors: Yan Xuetao , Zhao Huijuan , Zhang Ke , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChiral carbon dots (CDs) are a novel luminescent zero‐dimensional carbon‐based nanomaterial with chirality. They not only have the advantages of good biocompatibility, multi‐color‐emission, easy functionalization, but also exhibits highly symmetrical chiral optical characteristics, which broadens their applicability to enantioselectivity of some chiral amino acids like cysteine and lysine, asymmetric catalysis as well as biomedicine in gene expression and antibiosis. In addition, the exploration of the excited state chirality of CDs has developed its excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, opening up a new application scenario like recognition of chiral light sources and anti‐counterfeit printing with information encryption. This review mainly focuses on the mature synthesis approaches of chiral CDs, including chiral ligand method and supramolecular self‐assembly method, then we consider emerging applications of chiral CDs in CPL, biosensing and biological effect. Finally, we concluded with a perspective on the potential challenges and future opportunities of such fascinating chiral CDs.
An Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Reverse Genetics Rescue System and Neutralization Assay in Chicken B Cells
Authors: Reddy Vishwanatha R. A. P. , Nazki Salik , Asfor Amin , Broadbent Andrew J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a major threat to the productivity of the poultry industry due to morbidity, mortality, and immunosuppression that exacerbates secondary infections and reduces the efficacy of vaccination programs. Field strains of IBDV have a preferred tropism for chicken B cells, the majority of which reside in the bursa of Fabricius (BF). IBDV adaptation to adherent cell culture is associated with mutations altering amino acids in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the capsid protein, which affects immunogenicity and virulence. Until recently, this has limited both the application of reverse genetics systems for engineering molecular clones, and the use of in vitro neutralization assays, to cell‐culture‐adapted strains of IBDV. Here, we describe the rescue of molecular clones of IBDV containing the HVR from diverse field strains, along with a neutralization assay to quantify antibody responses against the rescued viruses, both using chicken B cells. These methods are readily adaptable to any laboratory with molecular biology expertise and negate the need to obtain wild‐type strains. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: A chicken B‐cell rescue system for IBDVBasic Protocol 2: A chicken B‐cell neutralization assay for IBDV
1,3‐Sulfinate Migration Triggered by α‐Imino Carbene and Divergent Zwitterion Cyclization: Synthesis of Cyclopropane, Dihydropyrrole, and Azepane Ring Systems
Authors: Xu Huaping , Kong Xiaoyu , Cen Mengjie , Xu Ze‐Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCyclopropane, dihydropyrrole, and azepane ring systems were synthesized conveniently from sulfinate‐tethered triazoles. The divergent synthetic strategy started with the unique 1,3‐sulfinate migration of an α‐imino carbene. The efficient reaction allowed control of the zwitterion bearing multiple reactive sites depending on the increased stability of the resulting carbocation and anion. The sulfinate was converted to a sulfone after the group migration, and a stable anion bearing two electron‐withdrawing groups was thus formed. Catalytic amounts of iodide acted as a switch for the synthesis of cyclopropanes and dihydropyrroles. The reaction merits including readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional group compatibility qualified this protocol a possible synthetic tool for cyclic compounds, especially for N‐heterocycles.
Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Slab Expansion and Thickening
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Tedstone Andrew Jachnik , Machguth Horst , Karlsson Nanna B. , Helm Veit 
Published: January 2023

We use airborne accumulation radar data acquired over the Greenland Ice
Sheet between 2002 and 2018 to identify changes in ice slab extent and
thickness. We show that ice slabs several metres thick were already
present at least as early as 2002. Between 2012 and 2018, they expanded
13,400-17,600 inland, or by 37-44%. Our results document that the
extremely warm summer of 2012 produced near-surface ice layers at higher
elevations, enabling ice slabs to develop in locations with only
moderate melting in the following summers. With repeated flights over a
transect in southwest Greenland, we show that ice slabs can thicken from
above and on their undersides. Moderate melting primarily thickens ice
slabs by top-down accretion, while large melting events can also trigger
ice accretion below the slabs.
Season-Long Simplification of Insect Communities in Dung From Cattle Treated With an Extended-Release Formulation of the Parasiticide Eprinomectin
Authors: Backmeyer Sydney J. , Goater Cameron , Challis Jonathan K. , Floate Kevin D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cattle treated with LongRange®, an injectable formulation of the parasiticide eprinomectin, fecally excrete insecticidal residues for an extended period post application. We examined the nontarget effect of these residues by comparing insect communities developing in dung of untreated cattle (week 0) with those developing in dung of cattle treated 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 or 25 weeks previously. Chemical analyses of dung showed that eprinomectin concentrations peaked at 1 week post application and were still detectable at 25 weeks. Results from two separate experiments showed that dung of untreated cattle supported more total insects (beetles, flies, parasitoid wasps) and insect species than did dung of cattle treated for ≤12 weeks (Experiment 1) and ≤25 weeks (Experiment 2) previously. For the two experiments, an effect of residue on individual taxa was either not detected (nine cases) or was determined to suppress insect development in dung of cattle treated for 8–12 weeks (two cases), 12–16 weeks (three cases), 16–20 weeks (two cases), or 24 or 25 weeks (six cases) previously. Flies and their parasitoid wasps were particularly sensitive to residues with suppression often at or near 100%. These results show that cattle treated with LongRange in spring will fecally excrete residues for the entire grazing season with an associated simplification of the dung insect community. The effect of this simplification on the long-term health on dung-breeding populations of insects on pastures and dung degradation was not examined in the present study, but merits future research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:684–697. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Responsiveness variability during anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks
Authors: Deng Feng , Taylor Nicola , Owen Adrian M. , Cusack Rhodri , Naci Lorina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnaesthesia combined with functional neuroimaging provides a powerful approach for understanding the brain mechanisms of consciousness. Although propofol is used ubiquitously in clinical interventions that reversibly suppress consciousness, it shows large inter‐individual variability, and the brain bases of this variability remain poorly understood. We asked whether three networks key to conscious cognition—the dorsal attention (DAN), executive control (ECN), and default mode (DMN)—underlie responsiveness variability under anaesthesia. Healthy participants (N = 17) were moderately anaesthetized during narrative understanding and resting‐state conditions inside the Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. A target detection task measured behavioural responsiveness. An independent behavioural study (N = 25) qualified the attention demands of narrative understanding. Then, 30% of participants were unaffected in their response times, thus thwarting a key aim of anaesthesia—the suppression of behavioural responsiveness. Individuals with stronger functional connectivity within the DAN and ECN, between them, and to the DMN, and with larger grey matter volume in frontal regions were more resilient to anaesthesia. For the first time, we show that responsiveness variability during propofol anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks, which can be predicted prior to sedation. Results highlight novel markers for improving awareness monitoring during clinical anaesthesia.
Modelling macroinvertebrate hydraulic preferences in alpine streams
Authors: Becquet Juliette , Lamouroux Nicolas , Forcellini Maxence , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlpine streams face rapid hydrological changes due to the effects of global warming, glacier melting, and increased water uses such as hydropower production. Defining environmental flows (e‐flow) is crucial to mitigate the ecological impacts of flow alterations. Among e‐flow assessment methods, hydraulic habitat models predict changes in habitat suitability for aquatic species under different flow scenarios. They couple hydraulic models of stream reaches with biological models relating the abundance of taxa to microhabitat hydraulics. However, there is currently no suitable biological models for alpine, often fishless streams. In this study, we develop biological models for dominant macroinvertebrate taxa in alpine streams and compare their responses to hydraulics with those published in lowland streams. Using data collected in 150 microhabitats along a gradient of shear stress within five alpine streams, we performed generalized linear mixed models relating macroinvertebrate abundance to microhabitat hydraulics (shear stress, flow velocity, Froude number and water depth). We developed biological models for 41 taxa, and observed significant microhabitat selection for shear stress (18 taxa), velocity (20), Froude number (21), and depth (11). Most of them presented consistent responses across studied alpine streams, with shear stress and velocity as the main drivers. For common taxa, shapes of macroinvertebrate responses to hydraulics were comparable with those observed in lowland streams. Nevertheless, taxa preferred slightly lower shear stress in alpine streams compared to lowland streams, probably due to high‐fine sediment and oxygen concentrations, especially for taxa feeding on autochthonous organic matter. Many (23%) abundant taxa are rheophilic in alpine streams, thereby threatened by flow reduction, including the glacial stream specialists Diamesinae and Rhithrogena delphinensis, which will be also affected by glacier retreat. Combined with hydraulic models, our biological models will facilitate more robust e‐flow assessments, thereby reducing the impacts of flow alterations on alpine aquatic ecosystems.