bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐FMISO PET‐guided dose escalation with multifield optimization intensity‐modulated proton therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Sommat Kiattisa , Tong Aaron Kian Ti , Ong Ashley Li Kuan , Hu Jing , Sin Sze Yarn , Lam Winnie Wing Chuen , Xie Wanying , Khor Yiu Ming , Lim Cindy , Lim Tze Wei , Selvarajan Sathiyamoorthy , Wang Fuqiang , Tan Terence Wee Kiat , Wee Joseph Tien Seng , Soong Yoke Lim , Fong Kam Weng , Hennedige Tiffany , Hua Thng Choon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiotherapy planning feasibility of dose escalation with intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) to hypoxic tumor regions identified on 18F‐Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET‐CT) in NPC.Materials and methodsNine patients with stages T3‐4N0‐3M0 NPC underwent 18F‐FMISO PET‐CT before and during week 3 of radiotherapy. The hypoxic volume (GTVhypo) is automatically generated by applying a subthresholding algorithm within the gross tumor volume (GTV) with a tumor to muscle standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio of 1.3 on the 18F‐FMISO PET‐CT scan. Two proton plans were generated for each patient, a standard plan to 70 Gy and dose escalation plan with upfront boost followed by standard 70GyE plan. The stereotactic boost was planned with single‐field uniform dose optimization using two fields to deliver 10 GyE in two fractions to GTVhypo. The standard plan was generated with IMPT with robust optimization to deliver 70GyE, 60GyE in 33 fractions using simultaneous integrated boost technique. A plan sum was generated for assessment.ResultsEight of nine patients showed tumor hypoxia on the baseline 18F‐FMISO PET‐CT scan. The mean hypoxic tumor volume was 3.9 cm3 (range .9–11.9cm3). The average SUVmax of the hypoxic volume was 2.2 (range 1.44–2.98). All the dose‐volume parameters met the planning objectives for target coverage. Dose escalation was not feasible in three of eight patients as the D0.03cc of temporal lobe was greater than 75GyE.ConclusionsThe utility of boost to the hypoxic volume before standard course of radiotherapy with IMPT is dosimetrically feasible in selected patients. Clinical trials are warranted to determine the clinical outcomes of this approach.
Fine‐scale variation in soil and topography influences herbaceous vegetation and the distribution of large mammalian herbivores
Authors: Ang'ila Robert O. , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Wambugu Geoffrey M. , Kenfack David , Musili Paul M. , Kartzinel Tyler R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent understanding of the distribution of vegetation and large mammalian herbivores (LMH) is based on a combination of biogeographic studies and highly controlled field experiments, but a more complete understanding of these patterns requires study of their natural co‐occurrence patterns at intermediate spatial scales. The study was conducted in the 120‐ha Mpala Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) plot, Kenya. We examined differences in herbaceous plant communities and habitat use by LMH among three topographic habitats with distinct soil types, namely steep slopes, valley and plateau. Each pair of habitats differed in plant and animal composition. The steep slopes and plateau respectively had ≥1‐fold higher percentage herbaceous cover than the valley, whereas the steep slopes and valley had >1.5‐fold greater grass species richness and diversity than the plateau. The activity of LMH was ≥1.7‐fold higher in the valley than the steep slopes and plateau, reflecting a positive relationship between LMH activity index and richness and diversity of grass species. Results indicate that fine‐scale variation in topography and soil are associated with both the distribution of herbaceous vegetation and LMH, suggesting a need to account for local habitat characteristics when examining the distributions of plants, animals, and plant‐herbivore interactions in natural systems.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
Authors: SHEPPARD Madeleine , IBIEBELE Ibinabo , NIPPITA Tanya , MORRIS Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAsymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and is routinely screened for and treated in the first trimester. Prevalence of ASB in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is unknown.AimsThe aim is to determine the prevalence of ASB in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.MethodsProspective cohort study of 150 pregnant women. Mid‐stream urine samples were tested for ASB in the second (24–28+6) and third (32–36+6) trimesters. Women were assigned to one of two groups: (i) ASB in any trimester of pregnancy and (ii) no evidence of ASB in pregnancy. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsAmong 143 women included in the study, the rate of ASB was 4.9% (2.1, 2.1 and 3.2% in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively). Of those with ASB, 14% had it in every trimester, whereas 43% had it on two or more samples. Of those with ASB in pregnancy, 43% were detected for the first time in the third trimester. Rates of maternal and neonatal outcomes were not statistically significantly different between the two groups. No women with ASB were induced for chorioamnionitis or growth restriction.ConclusionThe rate of ASB was highest in the third trimester of pregnancy, with rates of 2.1, 2.1 and 3.2% in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. This study was underpowered to assess maternal and fetal outcomes. Although numbers were small, the absence of ASB in the first trimester was a poor predictor of ASB in the third trimester.
Functional characterization of novel or yet uncharacterized ATP7B missense variants detected in patients with clinical Wilson's disease
Authors: Stalke Amelie , Behrendt Annika , Hennig Finja , Gohlke Holger , Buhl Nicole , Reinkens Thea , Baumann Ulrich , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Illig Thomas , Pfister Eva‐Doreen , Skawran Britta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWilson's disease (WD, MIM#277900) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in copper excess caused by biallelic variants in the ATP7B gene (MIM#606882) encoding a copper transporting P‐type ATPase. ATP7B variants of unknown significance (VUS) are detected frequently, sometimes impeding a clear diagnosis. Functional analyses can help to classify these variants as benign or pathogenic. Additionally, variants already classified as (likely) pathogenic benefit from functional analyses to understand their pathomechanism, thus contribute to the development of personalized treatment approaches in the future. We described clinical features of six WD patients and functionally characterized five ATP7B missense variants (two VUS, three yet uncharacterized likely pathogenic variants), detected in these patients. We determined the protein level, copper export capacity, and cellular localization in an in vitro model and potential structural consequences using an ATP7B protein model based on AlphaFold. Our analyses give insight into the pathomechanism and allowed reclassification for the two VUS to likely pathogenic and for two of the three likely pathogenic variants to pathogenic.
Radiotherapy and radio‐sensitization in H3K27M‐mutated diffuse midline gliomas
Authors: Liu Chao , Kuang Shuwen , Wu Lei , Cheng Quan , Gong Xuan , Wu Jun , Zhang Longbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundH3K27M mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are extremely aggressive and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in pediatric brain tumors with 5‐year survival <1%. Radiotherapy is the only established adjuvant treatment of H3K27M DMGs; however, the radio‐resistance is commonly observed.MethodsWe summarized current understandings of the molecular responses of H3K27M DMGs to radiotherapy and provide crucial insights into current advances in radiosensitivity enhancement.ResultsIonizing radiation (IR) can mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing DNA damage regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair (DDR) system. In H3K27M DMGs, the aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes, stemness genotype, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) disrupt the cell cycle checkpoints and DDR system by altering the associated regulatory signaling pathways, which leads to the development of radio‐resistance.ConclusionsThe advances in mechanisms of radio‐resistance in H3K27M DMGs promote the potential targets to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy.
Changes in cerebral autoregulation, stroke‐related blood biomarkers, and autonomic regulation after patent foramen ovale closure in severe migraine patients
Authors: Guo Zhen‐Ni , Qu Yang , Gao Yongsheng , Xing Yingqi , Ma Hongyin , Liu Jia , Guo Yu‐Zhu , Chang Junlei , Zhang Peng , Jin Hang , Sun Xin , Han Ke , Hu Han‐Hwa , He Qianyan , Simpson David Martin , Yang Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate changes in dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), 20 stroke‐related blood biomarkers, and autonomic regulation after patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in severe migraine patients.MethodsPatent foramen ovale severe migraine patients, matched non‐PFO severe migraine patients, and healthy controls were included. dCA and autonomic regulation were evaluated in each participant at baseline, and within 48‐h and 30 days after closure in PFO migraineurs. A panel of stroke‐related blood biomarkers was detected pre‐surgically in arterial‐and venous blood, and post‐surgically in the arterial blood in PFO migraineurs.ResultsForty‐five PFO severe migraine patients, 50 non‐PFO severe migraine patients, and 50 controls were enrolled. The baseline dCA function of PFO migraineurs was significantly lower than that of non‐PFO migraineurs and controls but was rapidly improved with PFO closure, remaining stable at 1‐month follow‐up. Arterial blood platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) levels were higher in PFO migraineurs than in controls, which was immediately and significantly reduced after closure. No differences in autonomic regulation were observed among the three groups.ConclusionPatent foramen ovale closure can improve dCA and alter elevated arterial PDGF‐BB levels in migraine patients with PFO, both of which may be related to the preventive effect of PFO closure on stroke occurrence/recurrence.
Pulmonary tuberculosis associated acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Cheng Yuan , Xiong Yan , Wang Guangfa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histological interstitial pneumonia pattern characterized by patches of “fibrin balls” distributed within the alveoli and organizing pneumonia. Currently, there is no consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.MethodsWe present the case of a 44‐year‐old male with AFOP secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have further reviewed organizing pneumonia (OP) and AFOP caused by tuberculosis.ConclusionTuberculosis secondary to OP or AFOP is rare and challenging to diagnose. We need to constantly adjust the treatment plan based on the patient's symptoms, test results, and response to treatment in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and maximize treatment efficacy.
A cost assessment of intensive wild quail management on private lands in the southeastern United States
Authors: Nimlos Nicole M. , Martin James A. , Palmer William E. , Sisson D. Clay , Pienaar Elizabeth F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrivate landowners who operate multifunctional landscapes play a critical role in the conservation of native and imperiled species, and the restoration of native ecosystems. In the southeastern United States, both northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and pine savanna ecosystems are imperiled and heavily reliant on conservation efforts by private landowners. Engaging private landowners in the restoration and management of pine savannas and grasslands is essential to the recovery of northern bobwhite, which is also managed as a game species. Since the early 1900s, the cultural tradition of wild bobwhite hunting has motivated landowners to manage their properties to increase bobwhite populations. However, the costs and revenues associated with intensive wild bobwhite management and hunting are imperfectly understood. From May 2021 to February 2022, we conducted semistructured interviews with landowners and land managers of 37 wild bobwhite hunting properties (total of 65,317 ha in bobwhite management) in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina to enumerate the costs and revenues associated with intensive wild bobwhite management. Landowners spent an average of $154/acre/year (~$381/ha/year; median of $142/acre/year or ~$352/ha/year) to manage for northern bobwhite. These costs included salaries and benefits for labor, depreciated equipment and infrastructure expenditures, and other supplies (e.g., fuel, seed) needed to maintain wild bobwhite populations and their habitat. Few properties offset their bobwhite management costs with revenues generated on the property, including hunting revenues. Non‐financial motivations for owning a bobwhite property included a strong land stewardship ethic, the desire to maintain rural lifestyles and family heritage, and securing hunting and recreational opportunities. Through wild quail management, private landowners are helping to secure critical habitat for threatened and endangered species and increasing the landscape's overall resilience to climate change without the use of public funding.
Phenotypic trait differences betweenIris pseudacorusin native and introduced ranges support greater capacity of invasive populations to withstand sea level rise
Authors: Grewell Brenda J. , Gallego‐Tévar Blanca , Bárcenas‐Moreno Gael , Whitcraft Christine R. , Thorne Karen M. , Buffington Kevin J. , Castillo Jesús M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTidal wetlands are greatly impacted by climate change, and by the invasion of alien plant species that are being exposed to salinity changes and longer inundation periods resulting from sea level rise. To explore the capacity for the invasion ofIris pseudacorusto persist with sea level rise, we initiated an intercontinental study along estuarine gradients in the invaded North American range and the native European range.LocationSan Francisco Bay‐Delta Estuary; California, USA and Guadalquivir River Estuary; Andalusia, Spain.MethodsWe compared 15 morphological, biochemical, and reproductive plant traits within populations in both ranges to determine if specific functional traits can predict invasion success and if environmental factors explain observed phenotypic differences.ResultsAlienI. pseudacorusplants in the introduced range had more robust growth than plants in the native range. The vigour of the alien plants was reflected by expression of higher leaf water content, fewer senescent leaves per leaf fan, and more carbohydrate storage reserves in rhizomes than plants in the native range. Moreover, alien plants tended to show higher specific leaf area and seed production than native plants.I. pseudacorusplants in the introduced range were less affected by increasing salinity and were exposed to deeper inundation water along the estuarine gradient than those in the native range.Main ConclusionsFunctional trait differences suggest mature populations ofI. pseudacorusin the introduced range have greater adapted capacity to adjust to environmental stresses induced by rising sea level than those in the native range. Knowledge of these trait responses can be applied to improve risk assessments in invaded estuaries and to achieve climate‐adapted conservation goals for conservation of the species in its native range.
Recent exposure to environmental stochasticity does not determine the demographic resilience of natural populations
Authors: Cant James , Capdevila Pol , Beger Maria , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEscalating climatic and anthropogenic pressures expose ecosystems worldwide to increasingly stochastic environments. Yet, our ability to forecast the responses of natural populations to this increased environmental stochasticity is impeded by a limited understanding of how exposure to stochastic environments shapes demographic resilience. Here, we test the association between local environmental stochasticity and the resilience attributes (e.g. resistance, recovery) of 2242 natural populations across 369 animal and plant species. Contrary to the assumption that past exposure to frequent environmental shifts confers a greater ability to cope with current and future global change, we illustrate how recent environmental stochasticity regimes from the past 50 years do not predict the inherent resistance or recovery potential of natural populations. Instead, demographic resilience is strongly predicted by the phylogenetic relatedness among species, with survival and developmental investments shaping their responses to environmental stochasticity. Accordingly, our findings suggest that demographic resilience is a consequence of evolutionary processes and/or deep‐time environmental regimes, rather than recent‐past experiences.
Decreased emotion recognition and reduced focus on facial hallmarks in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia compared to primary psychiatric disorders and controls
Authors: Fieldhouse Jay L. P. , Singleton Ellen H. , van Engelen Marie‐Paule E. , van't Hooft Jochum J. , de Boer Sterre C. M. , Froeling Violet E. , Braun Michelle , Oudega Mardien L. , van Grootheest Daniël , Kerssens Cora , Duits Flora H. , van Harten Argonde C. , Vijverberg Everard G. B. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeEarly diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is challenging due to symptomatic overlap with primary psychiatric disorders (PPD). As emotion recognition deficits are early and key features of bvFTD, the aim was to explore processes driving social cognition deficits that may aid in the differentiation between bvFTD and PPD.MethodsThe total sample (N = 51) included 18 patients with bvFTD, 11 patients with PPD (mood, autism spectrum and psychotic disorders) and 22 controls from the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam of the Amsterdam UMC. Emotion recognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 Faces test, during which eye tracking metrics were collected in the first 5 s a face was presented. Group differences in dwell time on the total image as well as the circumscribed eyes area and mouth area were analysed using ANOVA, with post hoc comparisons.ResultsPatients with bvFTD scored lowest, patients with PPD scored intermediate and controls scored highest on emotion recognition. During facial processing, patients with bvFTD spent less dwell time on the total image than controls (mean difference 11.3%, F(2, 48) = 6.095, p = 0.004; bvFTD−controls p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] −892.64, −239.70). Dwell time on the eyes area did not differ between diagnostic groups, whilst patients with bvFTD spent less dwell time on the mouth area than PPD patients (mean difference 10.7%; F(2, 48) = 3.423, p = 0.041; bvFTD−PPD p = 0.022, 95% CI −986.38, −79.47) and controls (mean difference 7.8%; bvFTD−controls p = 0.043, 95% CI −765.91, −12.76).ConclusionsIn bvFTD, decreased emotion recognition may be related to reduced focus on facial hallmarks. These findings suggest a valuable role for biometrics in social cognition assessment and the differentiation between bvFTD and PPD.
Pathways to improve nephrologist comfort in managing patients on in‐center or home self‐care dialysis
Authors: Huang Minghui , Vincent Johnson Anita , Pourafshar Negiin , Malhotra Rakesh , Yang Jason , Shah Monarch , Balogun Rasheed , Chopra Tushar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), patient engagement and empowerment are associated with improved survival and complications. However, patients lack education and confidence to participate in self‐care. The development of in center self‐care hemodialysis can enable motivated patients to allocate autonomy, increase satisfaction and engagement, reduce human resource intensiveness, and cultivate a curiosity about home dialysis. In this review, we emphasize the role of education to overcome barriers to home dialysis, strategies of improving home dialysis utilization in the COVID 19 era, the significance of in‐center self‐care dialysis (e.g., cost containment and empowering patients), and implementation of an in‐center self‐care dialysis as a bridge to home hemodialysis (HHD).
“The interviewer is a machine!” Investigating the effects of conventional and technology‐mediated interview methods on interviewee reactions and behavior
Authors: Kleinlogel Emmanuelle P. , Schmid Mast Marianne , Jayagopi Dinesh Babu , Shubham Kumar , Butera Anaïs 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the growing number of organizations interested in the use of asynchronous video interviews (AVIs), little is known about its impact on interviewee reactions and behavior. We randomly assigned participants (N = 299) from two different countries (Switzerland and India) to a face‐to‐face interview, an avatar‐based video interview (with an avatar as a virtual recruiter), or a text‐based video interview (with written questions) and collected data on a set of self‐rated and observer‐rated criteria. Overall, we found that whereas participants reported more negative reactions towards the two asynchronous interviews, observer ratings revealed similar performance across the three interviews and lower stress levels in the two AVIs. These findings suggest that despite technology‐mediated interview methods still not being well‐accepted, interviewees are not at a disadvantage when these methods are used in terms of how well interviewees perform and how stressed they appear to external observers. Implications are discussed.
Analyzing the network of parent‐rated ADHD symptoms before and 2 weeks after the onset of pharmaceutical treatment
Authors: Shabestari Payam Sadeghi , Zendehrouh Sareh , Ahmadi Atefeh , Jafari Sajad , Parvaresh Nooshin , Eslami Mahin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProblemVia a network analysis approach, following 2 weeks of the medication Ritalin, the present study investigated the quality of symptom interactions and the pattern of behavior changes to identify locations of functional weaknesses in the network interactions of symptomology.MethodsRitalin® prescribed for 112 children (aged 4–14) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as diagnosed by five child and adolescent psychiatrists. Their parents completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham‐IV questionnaire (SNAP‐IV) before and after Ritalin® onset as the pre and post‐test, respectively. Then, the network analysis approach was used to discover the pattern of changes in symptom interactions.FindingsThe results indicated that in 2 weeks following its initiation, Ritalin significantly reduced restlessness and interactions between symptoms of impulsivity. “Inability to follow instructions” and “difficulty waiting their turn” symptoms were the most central symptoms of strength. Three symptoms, “Often has difficulty waiting their turn,” “runs and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate” and “does not follow through on instructions,” had the most expected influence. In the 14‐day period of investigation, Ritalin® was effective in breaking some interactions and components of ADHD, but no significant mitigation of other components of the detected symptomatology network.ConclusionFollow‐up investigations using network analysis can clarify the dynamics of the network changes after initiation of medications.