bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable chest sensor for stride and respiration detection during running
Authors: Bernhart Severin , Harbour Eric , Kranzinger Stefan , Jensen Ulf , Finkenzeller Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEndurance running is among the most popular physical activities partially due to its low barriers to entry. However, some people avoid running because of respiratory distress, and respiratory monitoring could help prevent this. Wearable sensors are valuable for respiration detection during exercise and enable respiratory feedback in real time. Therefore, this study presents a wearable chest-mounted stride and respiration sensor including step and flow reversal event detection algorithms. The algorithms were evaluated using precision and recall between detected and reference events with respect to different levels of breathing depth, motion artifact, thoracic skin temperature and sweat. Overall F1 scores reached 93.2%, 97.4% and 97.2% for step, expiration and inspiration events, respectively. No significant effect on event detection performance was observed for breathing depth, stride motion artifact, or thoracic skin temperature. In contrast, sweat level slightly decreased detection performance. Consequently, this sensor is able to accurately measure stride and respiration during running and could be suitable for use as a system to guide runners’ respiration during exercise.
Cutting mechanism of a special 3D concave-shaped PDC cutter applicable to the Weiyuan shale
Authors: Ke Xiaohua , Sun Jinsheng , Yang Xiongwen , Ma Chi , Yu Jiaqing , Huang Kuiling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Weiyuan shale gas field faces problems of long drilling cycles and high development costs. Improving the drilling efficiency of polycrystalline diamond compact bits in shale formations will significantly reduce the overall well cost and duration. Previous applications have demonstrated that conventional PDC bits on the market cannot meet the demand for drilling acceleration. In this work, a new three-dimensional concave-shaped PDC cutter was proposed to improve drilling efficiency. The special 3D concave-shaped cutter has two symmetrical curved ridges on the concave surface and a circular plane at the center. The cutting mechanism of the new 3D concave-shaped cutter has been studied by laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The research data revealed that, compared with a flat cutter, the tangential force of the original 3D concave-shaped cutter was reduced by 1.4%–35.0%, the axial force was reduced by 6.7%–37.6%, and the mechanical specific energy (MSE) was reduced by 1.6%–35.59%. Simulations showed that the shear action of the 3D concave-shaped cutter was divided into two continuous parts, with the sides and the center surface being stressed successively, which is helpful for extending shear cracks, forming trilobal cuttings, and improving cutting efficiency. With the special 3D concave-shaped cutter, an 8½-inch drill bit was designed and manufactured and tested on the Longmaxi shale in the Weiyuan block. Through field tests, we further compared the performance of the 3D concave-shaped cutter PDC bit with that of the flat cutter PDC bit. The 3D concave-shaped PDC bit had a 41.8% better footage and 22.6% better rate of penetration (ROP) in field test.
Reliability-enhanced surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization for feature selection and hyperparameter optimization in landslide displacement prediction
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Kanqi , Zhang Maosheng , Gu Tianfeng , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLandslides are dangerous disasters that are affected by many factors. Neural networks can be used to fit complex observations and predict landslide displacement. However, hyperparameters have a great impact on neural networks, and each evaluation of a hyperparameter requires the construction of a corresponding model and the evaluation of the accuracy of the hyperparameter on the test set. Thus, the evaluation of hyperparameters requires a large amount of time. In addition, not all features are positive factors for predicting landslide displacement, so it is necessary to remove useless and redundant features through feature selection. Although the accuracy of wrapper-based feature selection is higher, it also requires considerable evaluation time. Therefore, in this paper, reliability-enhanced surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization (RESAPSO), which uses the surrogate model to reduce the number of evaluations and combines PSO with the powerful global optimization ability to simultaneously search the hyperparameters in the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the feature set for predicting landslide displacement is proposed. Specifically, multiple surrogate models are utilized simultaneously, and a Bayesian evaluation strategy is designed to integrate the predictive fitness of multiple surrogate models. To mitigate the influence of an imprecise surrogate model, an intuitional fuzzy set is used to represent individual information. To balance the exploration and development of the algorithm, intuition-fuzzy multiattribute decision-making is used to select the best and most uncertain individuals from the population for updating the surrogate model. The experiments were carried out in CEC2015 and CEC2017. In the experiment, RESAPSO is compared with several well-known and recently proposed SAEAs and verified for its effectiveness and advancement in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, and stability, with the Friedman test ranking first. For the landslide displacement prediction problem, the RESAPSO-LSTM model is established, which effectively solves the feature selection and LSTM hyperparameter optimization and uses less evaluation time while improving the prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the optimization time of RESAPSO is about one-fifth that of PSO. In the prediction of landslide displacement in the step-like stage, RESAPSO-LSTM has higher prediction accuracy than the contrast model, which can provide a more effective prediction method for the risk warning of a landslide in the severe deformation stage.
„Wider die Natur“ – Zur sozialpsychologischen Dimension des Bündnisses von Verschwörungsdenken und Spiritualität in den Corona-Protesten. Eine Fallanalyse
Authors: Knasmüller Florian , Menzel Gero , Reuss Tobias , Brunner Markus , Heller Ayline 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Aufkommen lautstarker und öffentlichkeitswirksamer Proteste gegen die Corona-Politik wird immer öfter das Konzept der conspirituality bemüht, um den ideologischen Kitt des heterogenen Protestmilieus theoretisch zu bestimmen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird zum einen nachgezeichnet, wie sich verschwörungs- und esoterisch-spirituelles Denken in der conspirituality miteinander verzahnt und wie diese Vorstellungs- und Gefühlswelten von okkulten Milieus ausgehend diffundierten und allmählich popularisiert wurden. Zum anderen wird anhand einer tiefenhermeneutischen Einzelfallanalyse eines biografisch-narrativen Interviews mit einer Protestteilnehmerin gezeigt, dass die Ideologiefragmente auf idiosynkratische Weise angeeignet und in die eigenen Deutungssysteme eingeflochten werden. Durch diese Herangehensweise gerät weiterhin in den Blick, welche Unsicherheiten durch die Pandemie und die politischen Versuche dieser Herr zu werden ausgelöst wurden und wie diese zu lebensgeschichtlichen Erfahrungs- und Beziehungsmustern der Interviewten stehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund, so das Fazit der Studie, dient die conspirituality als Schiefheilungsschablone, die es erlaubt gesellschaftlich (mit-)produzierte, innere Konfliktlagen zu bearbeiten und abzufedern, indem unerträgliche Affekte, Ambivalenzen und Ängste, aber auch unerfüllte Wünsche nach Harmonie und Geborgenheit projektiv entweder in die Natur gelegt oder bösartigen Verschwörer:innen zugeschrieben werden.
Relational, Appreciative, and Process-oriented Digital Storytelling: A Duoethnography
Authors: Brailas Alexios , Sotiropoulou Chara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an approach to group and community digital storytelling based on the following pillars: (a) extensive periods dedicated to group forming; facilitating meaningful interactions and members synergies through organized group work activities, (b) cultivating an appreciative and inclusive culture that takes advantage of the individual differences, and (c) a process-oriented practice, informed by systems thinking, that listen to the individuals’ voices and needs as well as to the group-as-a-whole process. In this context, digital storytelling could help people and communities to re-author themselves in more empowering, meaningful, and life-promoting ways. In the first part of this work, we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of our approach, we describe the details of a first pilot offering, and we provide an initial narrative evaluation by the participants. In the second part, we engage in an evocative duoethnography of our practice to provide a narrative, performative, in-context, and dense description of our lived experience as designers and facilitators, and as human beings that we actively participated in the unfolding of our program. Implications for the transformative power of duoethnography are discussed.
Near, Far, Wherever We Are: Space Exploration Urgently Needs an Ethics-Informed Planning Revolution
Authors: Smith Helen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProjects concerning space are hugely valuable to our species. Two notable physical districts are (a) the various orbits local to earth and (b) areas that are more remotely located in the interplanetary and interstellar regions. However, the legacy of decades of human space observation, exploitation, and exploration has not always been positive. Environments have been impacted and key groups have been inconvenienced and even their safety threatened due to the ventures of some actors. If such activity continues, the damage caused to our societies, our local space, and even our outer space might become irretrievable. This paper calls for actors to work with their fellow earthlings to identify and address the negative consequences of space endeavours prior to their eventuation. By employing notions of long-view sustainability, we may visualise how our projects affect not only the environment, but also us, and the legacy that we leave for our future generations.
Smart clothing and furniture for supporting participation-co-creation concepts for daily living
Authors: Vuohijoki Tiina , Ihalainen Tiina , Virkki Johanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParticipation and social inclusion influence individuals’ health and well-being. These factors can be easily disturbed, especially for those with disabilities. Designers and engineers have tried harnessing technology to assist people via producing prototypes of assistive devices, such as smart clothing and furniture. This study approaches that user surface and inspects the user’s needs for participation through clothing and furniture. We thus arranged two similar workshops with student participants (n = 37) from four different educational units, creating 10 innovative concepts to support participation and social inclusion. All aimed to support participation via improved self-regulation, increased safety, or environmental control. Most of the concepts were connectible to another device, such as a mobile phone. All devices were made adjustable to meet personal preferences. This study aligns with previous ones by concluding that assistive technology should be unobtrusive, give timely responses, and interact with other devices. These initial concepts are ready to be turned into tangible prototypes.Article highlights

Participation and social inclusion have remarkable meaning for an individual’s well-being and health. Commonly, assistive technology aims to solve challenges in daily living by promoting health and well-being. For this reason, we arranged two similar co-creation workshops and asked the participants to innovate smart clothing and furniture concepts that will promote greater participation and more social inclusion.

This study also identified users’ needs, such as increased safety and independence, supported communication, self-regulation and awareness, and an effective learning tool.

The majority of the concepts were designed to be adjustable to meet personal preferences, let individuals interact with other devices (such as a mobile phone), and give timely responses.
Effect of environmental factors on phosphorus transformation during the growth of submerged macrophytes
Authors: Wang Lizhi , Wu Xiyuan , Song Hongli , An Juan , Wu Yuanzhi , Wang Yun , Li Bao , Liu Qianjin , Dong Bin , Yu Wanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThree submerged macrophytes, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, and Potamogeton crispus, were planted in winter and spring to investigate the environmental mechanism of phosphorus transformation during submerged macrophyte growth periods. The experimental buckets each contained 4,832.80 g of dry sediment (depth: 10 cm) and 100 L water. The phosphorus (P) fractions in the water and sediment were investigated along with the environmental factors, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and redox potential (ORP). The concentrations of the different forms of P in the water and sediment were lower in the submerged macrophyte groups. Submerged macrophyte uptake was the primary reason for the decrease in P in the water and sediment. At the end of the experiment, the total amounts of phosphorus accumulated by H. verticillata, V. natans, and P. crispus were 156.05 g, 282.24 g, and 115.84 g, respectively, and the three submerged macrophytes enriched P by 4.18%, 7.56%, and 3.10%. The levels of the environmental factors pH, DO, and ORP were higher in the submerged macrophyte groups than the control groups. The environmental factors had different effects on the different forms of P during growth of the submerged macrophytes. H. verticillata primarily acted on the soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) through environmental factors, while P. crispus acted on the dissolved total phosphorous, SRP, dissolved organic phosphorus, and particulate phosphorous through these factors. V. natans had a weak impact on P content in the water through the environmental factors. Hence, the transformation of P between the sediment and water was affected by environmental factors. Overall, the results of this study reveal the effects of environmental factors under submerged macrophyte growth on water purification as well as the migration and transformation of P in the sediment and on the surface and provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of eutrophicated shallow lakes.
On the uncertainty in the segmentation of ultrasound images reconstructed with the total focusing method
Authors: Schmid Simon , Wei Haoyu , Grosse Christian U. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study presents an investigation into the uncertainty of images reconstructed by the total focusing method (TFM) using non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and phased array probes. Four neural network architectures based on the U-Net model are used to probabilistically segment TFM images and evaluate the uncertainty of the segmentation results. The models are trained on three simulated phased-array datasets, which contain various sources of uncertainty from the simulated defects or surrounding material. Physical limitations, such as the defect’s shadow zone, led to high uncertainty. Results demonstrate that probabilistic segmentation can be helpful in determining the source of uncertainty within segmented TFM images. The model performance is investigated based on several metrics, and the influence of defect size on model performance is shown. The probabilistic U-Net shows the highest F1-score overall test datasets. This study contributes to the advancement of NDE using TFM by providing insights into the uncertainty of the reconstructed images and proposing a solution for addressing it.
Industrial symbiosis and industrial policy for sustainable development in Uganda
Authors: Buda Gergely , Ricz Judit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze how the concept of circular economy and especially the business model of industrial symbiosis can contribute to sustainable development in Uganda. We aim to add to emerging debates around green industrial policies by shedding light on a low-cost solution that can potentially promote a more sustainable industrialization in the Sub-Saharan African context. After sketching the regulatory and policy environment in Uganda, three indicative examples of industrial symbiosis in Uganda are analyzed, based on the result of field research and an online survey. We have found significant mismatch between the supply side of green industrial policies in Uganda (government aims and measures), and the demand side, what local green entrepreneurs would need to improve their competitiveness. Only an incentive and regulatory framework, that takes into account local specificities, builds upon the exploration of existing local good practices and incorporates bottom-up initiatives can successfully promote green development in low-income economies.
Reducing radiation exposure and cancer risk for children with scoliosis: EOS the new gold standard
Authors: Rose L. D. , Williams R. , Ajayi B. , Abdalla M. , Bernard J. , Bishop T. , Papadakos N. , Lui D. F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Children are exposed to significant radiation doses during the investigation and treatment phases of scoliosis. EOS is a new form of low-dose radiation scan which also yields great image quality. However, currently its use is discouraged in the UK due to higher costs. We aimed to quantify the additional radiation dose and cancer risk.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric cases who received both standing whole spine roentgenograms and EOS scans as part of their investigations for scoliosis during a six-month period. We compared the radiation doses between the two modalities and estimated the additional mean lifetime cancer risk per study.

Results
We identified 206 children (mean age 14.4) who met the criteria of having both scans. Dose area products (dGycm2) were converted to estimated effective doses (mSv). The total mean doses were 0.68 mSv (PA 0.49 + Lat 0.19) for plain films, and 0.13 mSv (PA 0.08 + Lat 0.04) for EOS scans (p < 0.001). Additional lifetime cancer risk of a plain film was 543% greater than EOS for both sexes (1/10727 versus 1/5827 in males, 1/34483 versus 1/6350 in females).

Conclusion
There is approximately 5.4-fold increase in risk of cancer for both boys and girls with roentgenograms over EOS, with girls being the most impacted. This carries a significant impact when considering the need for repeat imaging on additional lifetime malignancy risk in children. In our opinion, EOS dual planar scanning is the new gold standard when X-ray of the whole spine is required.

Level of evidence
III.
No Harm, Still Foul: On the Effect-Independent Wrongness of Slurring
Authors: DIFRANCO RALPH , MORGAN ANDREW 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntuitively, a speaker who uses slurs to refer to people is doing something morally objectionable even if no one is measurably affected by their speech. Perhaps they are only talking to themselves, or they are speaking with bigots who are already as vicious as they can be. This paper distinguishes between slurring as an expressive act and slurring as the act of causing a psychological effect. It then develops an expression-focused ethical account in order to explain the intuition that slurring involves an effect-independent moral wrong. The core idea is that the act of expressing a morally defective attitude is itselfpro tantomorally objectionable. Unlike theories that focus only on problematic effects, this view is able to shift the moral burden of proof away from victims of slurring acts and onto speakers. It also offers moral guidance with respect to metalinguistic and pedagogical utterances of slurs.
Climate-smart socially innovative tools and approaches for marine pollution science in support of sustainable development
Authors: Lange Marcus , Cabana David , Ebeling Anna , Ebinghaus Ralf , Joerss Hanna , Rölfer Lena , Celliers Louis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is a complex interaction between pollution, climate change, the environment and people. This complex interplay of actions and impacts is particularly relevant in coastal regions, where the land meets the sea. To achieve sustainable development in coastal systems, a better understanding is necessary of the role and impact of pollution and the connectedness of the elements, namely, pollution, climate and the people, as well as associated impacts unfolding in an integrated social–ecological system (SES). In this context, the enabling capacity of tools connecting scientific efforts to societal demands is much debated. This paper establishes the basis for climate-smart socially innovative tools and approaches for marine pollution science. The goal of developing a set of innovative tools is twofold: first, to build on, integrate, and further improve the well-founded strengths in diagnosis and process understanding of systemic environmental problems; and, second, to provide decision-making with usable information to create actionable knowledge for managing the impact of marine pollution on the SES under a changing climate. The paper concludes by establishing the scope for a ‘last mile’ approach incorporating scientific evidence of pollution under climate change conditions into decision-making in a SES on the coast. The paper uses case studies to demonstrate the need for collaborative tools to connect the science of coastal pollution and climate with decision-making on managing human activities in a SES.
The Biden Administration’s Trade Policy: Promise and Reality
Authors: Schoenbaum Thomas J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis Article critically analyzes seven elements of the Biden administration trade policy: (1) buy American; (2) tariffs; (3) World Trade Organization; (4) free trade agreements; (5) China; (6) technology; and (7) Russia. Although President Biden has made a clean break from Trump policies in many areas, this is not the case when it comes to international trade. Regretfully, Biden has chosen to keep in place most of the failed trade policies of his predecessor—the Trump tariffs and the China trade war. It is not too late to shift ground, to negotiate mutual abolition of the Trump tariffs, to open free trade negotiations with the EU and UK, to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership, to adopt a multilateral strategy with allies to check Chinese trade excesses, and to reengage with the World Trade Organization. Topping the list of needed reforms of the multilateral trading system are: (1) subsidies; (2) state-owned enterprises; and (3) forced technology transfer. These are best addressed through a WTO plurilateral agreement and/or preferential trade agreements. The Biden administration should prioritize these urgent reforms. Rather than promoting “free” trade and multilateral trade reforms, the Biden administration continues its predecessor’s nationalistic policies so that trade serves domestic political ends. Such state intervention in trade policy consists of the strategic use of tariffs, subsidies, “buy American” rules, and regional trade arrangements without regard to the rules of the multilateral trading system. These new policies represent a decisive retreat from globalization and openness to trade.The Congress, directed by the Biden administration, has adopted a far-reaching industrial policy in the form of four laws that subsidize key sectors of the U.S. economy: American Rescue Plan Act ($40 billion); Infrastructure and Jobs Act ($1.2 trillion); Inflation Reduction Act ($369 billion); and Chips Act ($252.7 billion). This subsidization coupled with “buy American” protectionism constitute a departure from the free trade ideal that has characterized U.S. policy since the end of World War II.