bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure–temperature evolution of the basement and cover sequences on Ios, Greece: Evidence for subduction of the Hercynian basement
Authors: Wolfe Oliver M. , Spear Frank S. , Thomas Jay B. , Hasegawa Eric M. , Libby Grant T. , Cheney John T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐pressure rocks from the island of Ios in the Greek Cyclades were examined to resolve the P–T conditions reached during subduction of the two distinct lithotectonic units that are separated by the South Cycladic Shear Zone (SCSZ)—the footwall complex composed of Hercynian basement gneisses, schists and amphibolites, and the hangingwall complex composed of blueschists and eclogites. A combination of elastic tensor quartz inclusion in garnet (QuiG) barometry and Zr‐in‐rutile (ZiR) trace element thermometry was used to constrain minimum garnet growth conditions. Garnet from the hangingwall (blueschist) unit record formation pressures that range from 1.5 to 1.9 GPa and garnet from the footwall basement complex record garnet formation pressures of 1.65–2.05 GPa. ZiR thermometry on rutile inclusions within garnet establishes the minimum temperature for garnet formation to be ~480–500°C. That is, there is no evidence in the QuiG and ZiR results that the rocks of the blueschist hangingwall and basement experienced different metamorphic histories during subduction. This is the first reported observation of blueschist facies metamorphism in the Hercynian basement complex. A model is proposed in which initial subduction occurred along a relatively shallow P–T trajectory of ~11°C/km and then transitioned to a steeper, nearly isothermal trajectory at a depth of ~45 km reaching similar peak metamorphic conditions of ~500–525°C at 2.0 GPa for all samples. Such a change in the subduction path could be accomplished by either an increase in the rate of subduction or an increase in the angle of the subduction zone. The present juxtaposition of samples with contrasting mineral assemblages and garnet growth histories is interpreted to have arisen from differences in bulk compositions and variations in the preservation of high‐pressure prograde mineral assemblages during exhumation. The existence of similar P–T conditions and prograde paths in the two units does not require that the rocks were all metamorphosed at the same time and that the SCSZ experienced little movement. Rather, it is suggested that the two units experienced prograde and peak metamorphism at different times and were subsequently juxtaposed along the SCSZ.
Identifying subgroups of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the psychopathological and neuropsychological profiles
Authors: Zhang Shan‐hong , Yang Tian‐xiao , Wu Zhao‐min , Wang Yu‐feng , Lui Simon S. Y. , Yang Bin‐rang , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) advocates the dimensional approach in characterizing mental disorders. We followed RDoC to characterize children with ADHD using profiling based on the cognitive and psychopathological domains. We aimed to identify and validate ADHD subtypes with different clinical characteristics and functional impairments. We recruited 362 drug‐naïve children with ADHD and 103 typically developing controls. The cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The subgroups' clinical characteristics and functional impairments were assessed using the WEISS Functional Impairment Rating Scale‐Parent Report (WFIRS‐P) and the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The cluster analysis yielded four subgroups: (1) ADHD with severe impairment in psychopathology and executive functions (EF), (2) ADHD with mild executive dysfunctions and normal‐level psychopathology, (3) ADHD with severe externalizing problems and (4) ADHD with severe executive dysfunctions. These subgroups showed different clinical characteristics and degrees of functional impairment. The EF impairment group displayed more serious learning problems and worse life skills than the externalizing group. The two groups with externalizing problems (i.e. the severe impairment group and the externalizing group) both exhibited higher rates of the combined subtype of ADHD and higher rates of comorbid ODD. Different subtypes of ADHD displayed different profiles of internalizing and externalizing problems and levels of executive dysfunctions. In particular, the subtype with severe impairment in EF exhibited more learning problems and worse life skills, suggesting EF is a critical target for intervention in children with ADHD.
Educational intervention for family caregivers of older adults with delirium: An integrative review
Authors: Lee JuHee , Yeom Insun , Yoo Subin , Hong Soomin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo propose educational strategies to prevent delirium in older adults.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsThis review followed the methodology of Whittemore and Knafl (J Adv Nurs 52(5):546–553, 2005. 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2005.03621.x).Data SourcesA literature search was performed of the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, and Scopus databases on 8 July 2022.ResultsThree themes of educational interventions were identified: capacity building, resource provision and enhancement of relationships, collectively termed Fa‐CARE. Educational interventions improved family caregivers' knowledge about delirium, their anxiety; depression; self‐efficacy; and attitudes. Among older adults, these interventions improved the duration, severity and incidence of delirium; functional abilities; and length of hospital stay.ConclusionProviding education to family caregivers benefits both those caregivers and the older adults. When planning educational intervention, diverse and innovative approaches need to be considered.Implications for the profession and/or patient careThis study can guide family education regarding the care of older adults with delirium.Impact

Educational interventions positively impacted both family caregivers and older adults with delirium.

Educational interventions provide family caregivers with resources, improve their capacity for delirium management, and enhance their relationships with older adults.

This study suggests future directions in education for family caregivers of older adults with delirium.

Reporting methodThis review adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines by using the PRISMA 2020 checklist.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Characteristics associated with receipt of treatment among patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus
Authors: Gordon Stuart C. , Kaushik Ankita , Chastek Benjamin , Anderson Amy , Yehoshua Alon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough current guidelines recommend that nearly all patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection receive treatment, a substantial proportion remain untreated. We conducted an administrative claims analysis to provide real‐world data on treatment patterns and characteristics of treated versus untreated patients among individuals with HCV in the United States. Adults with an HCV diagnosis from 01 July 2016 through 30 September 2020 and continuous health plan enrolment for 12 months before and ≥1 month after the diagnosis date were identified in the Optum Research Database. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between patient characteristics and the rate of treatment. Of 24,374 patients identified with HCV, only 30% initiated treatment during follow‐up. Factors associated with increased rate of treatment included younger age versus age 75+ (hazard ratio [HR] 1.50–1.83 depending on age group), commercial versus Medicare insurance (HR 1.32), and diagnosis by a specialist versus a primary care physician (HR 2.56 and 2.62 for gastroenterology and infectious disease or hepatology, respectively) (p < .01 for all). Several baseline comorbidities were associated with decreased rate of treatment, including psychiatric disorders (HR 0.87), drug use disorders (HR 0.85) and cirrhosis (HR 0.42) (p < .01 for all). These findings highlight existing HCV treatment inequities, particularly among older patients and those with psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders or chronic comorbidities. Targeted efforts to increase treatment uptake in these populations could mitigate a considerable future burden of HCV‐related morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs.
Incidence and predictors of urinary incontinence rates post‐holmium laser enucleation of prostate
Authors: Elsaqa Mohamed , Zhang Yu , Papaconstantinou Harry , Tayeb Marawan M. El 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionOne of the main adverse outcomes following Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is the development of transient de novo urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to evaluate the correlation of multiple risk factors to UI rates post‐HoLEP.MethodsA review of prospectively maintained 7 year database for HoLEP patients in a single center was performed. UI data at 6 week, 3 month, and 1 year follow‐up intervals were assessed with bivariate and multivariate analysis of multiple potential risk factors.ResultsThe study included 666 patients with median (IQR) age of 72 (66–78) years old and median (IQR) preoperative prostate volume of 89 (68–126) gm. UI was seen in 287 (43%), 100 (15%) and 26 (5.8%) at 6 week, 3 month, and 1 year follow up occasions respectively. At 6 weeks follow up, UI type was stress, urge and mixed in 121 (18.16%), 118 (17.72) and 48 (7.21%) patients respectively. Using a multivariate regression analysis, obesity and pre‐operative UI were associated with postoperative UI rate at both 6 week (p = .0065, .031) and 3 month (p = .0261, .044) follow up encounters respectively. Also, larger specimen weight was another predictor for 6 week UI (p = .0399) while higher frailty score was a predictor for UI at 3 month occasion (p = .041).ConclusionPatients with preoperative UI, obesity, frailty, and large prostate volume are at higher risk of short‐term UI post‐HoLEP up to 3 months. Patients with one or more of these risk factors should be counseled regarding the higher risk of UI.
Modeling the mechanisms of conifer mortality under seawater exposure
Authors: Ding Junyan , McDowell Nate , Fang Yilin , Ward Nicholas , Kirwan Matthew L. , Regier Peter , Megonigal Patrick , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Wenzhi , Li Weibin , Pennington Stephanie C. , Wilson Stephanie J. , Stearns Alice , Bailey Vanessa 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Relative sea level rise (SLR) increasingly impacts coastal ecosystems through the formation of ghost forests. To predict the future of coastal ecosystems under SLR and changing climate, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying coastal tree mortality and to integrate this knowledge into dynamic vegetation models.

We incorporate the physiological effect of salinity and hypoxia in a dynamic vegetation model in the Earth system land model, and used the model to investigate the mechanisms of mortality of conifer forests on the west and east coast sites of USA, where trees experience different form of sea water exposure.

Simulations suggest similar physiological mechanisms can result in different mortality patterns. At the east coast site that experienced severe increases in seawater exposure, trees loose photosynthetic capacity and roots rapidly, and both storage carbon and hydraulic conductance decrease significantly within a year. Over time, further consumption of storage carbon that leads to carbon starvation dominates mortality. At the west coast site that gradually exposed to seawater through SLR, hydraulic failure dominates mortality because root loss impacts on conductance are greater than the degree of storage carbon depletion.

Measurements and modeling focused on understanding the physiological mechanisms of mortality is critical to reducing predictive uncertainty.
A module centered on the transcription factor Msn2 from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis regulates drought stress tolerance in the host plant
Authors: Fan Xiaoning , Xie Hongyun , Huang Xinru , Zhang Shuyuan , Nie Yuying , Chen Hui , Xie Xianan , Tang Ming 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic endosymbiosis with > 70% of land plants for obtaining fatty acids and sugars, in return, AM fungi promote plant nutrients and water acquisition to enhance plant fitness. However, how AM fungi orchestrate its own signaling components in response to drought stress remains elusive.

Here, we identify a transcription factor containing C2H2 zinc finger domains, RiMsn2 from Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize the RiMsn2, we combined heterologous expression, subcellular localization in yeasts, and biochemical and molecular studies with reverse genetics approaches during the in planta phase.

The results indicate that RiMsn2 is highly conserved across AM fungal species and induced during the early stages of symbiosis. It is significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal roots under severe drought conditions. The nucleus‐localized RiMsn2 regulates osmotic homeostasis and trehalose contents of yeasts. Importantly, gene silencing analyses indicate that RiMsn2 is essential for arbuscule formation and enhances plant tolerance to drought stress. Results from yeasts and biochemical experiments suggest that the RiHog1‐RiMsn2‐STREs module controls the drought stress‐responsive genes in AM fungal symbiont.

In conclusion, our findings reveal that a module centered on the transcriptional activator RiMsn2 from AM fungus regulates drought stress tolerance in host plant.
Assessment of optical quality of ready‐made reading spectacles for presbyopic correction
Authors: Asare Frederick A. , Ahiakwao Godwin A. , Oduro Bright A. , Nti Augustine N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeMany presbyopic patients in both developed and developing countries use ready‐made reading spectacles for their near vision correction even though the quality of these spectacles cannot always be assured. This study assessed the optical quality of ready‐made reading spectacles for presbyopic correction in comparison with relevant international standards.MethodsA total of 105 ready‐made reading spectacles with powers ranging from +1.50 to +3.50 dioptres (D) in +0.50 D steps were randomly procured from open markets in Ghana and assessed for their optical quality, including induced prisms and safety markings. These assessments were done in line with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 16034:2002 [BS EN 14139:2010]) as well as the standards used in low‐resource countries.ResultsAll lenses (100%) had significant induced horizontal prism that exceeded the tolerance levels stipulated by the ISO standards, while 30% had vertical prism greater than the specified tolerances. The highest prevalence of induced vertical prism was seen in the +2.50 and +3.50 D lenses (48% and 43%, respectively). When compared with less conservative standards, as suggested for use in low‐resource countries, the prevalence of induced horizontal and vertical prism reduced to 88% and 14%, respectively. While only 15% of spectacles had a labelled centration distance, none had any safety markings per the ISO standards.ConclusionThe high prevalence of ready‐made reading spectacles in Ghana that fail to meet optical quality standards indicates the need for more robust, rigorous and standardised protocols for assessing their optical quality before they are sold on the market. This will alleviate unwanted side effects including asthenopia associated with their use. There is also the need to intensify public health awareness on the use of ready‐made reading spectacles, especially by patients with significant refractive errors and ocular pathologies.
Selective anatomical catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexus for vasovagal syncope: Left superior and right anterior ganglionated plexus ablation
Authors: Lin Jianwei , Liu Qiang , Jiang Ruhong , Chen Shiquan , Yu Lu , Jiang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVasovagal syncope (VVS) is one of the most common causes of syncope. Traditional treatment has not achieved satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of selective anatomical catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexus (GP) as a therapeutic strategy for the patients of symptomatic VVS.MethodsA total of 70 patients with at least once recurrent syncopal episode of VVS with a positive head‐up tilt test were enrolled. They were divided into GP ablation group and control group. Patients in GP ablation group received anatomical catheter ablation of left superior ganglionated plexus (LSGP) and right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP). Patients in the control group were guideline‐directed conventional therapy. The primary endpoint was VVS recurrences. The secondary endpoint was the recurrence of syncope and prodrome events.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the ablation group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 35). Over a follow‐up of 12 months, the ablation group had significantly lower syncope recurrence compared with the control group (5.7% vs. 25.7%, p = .02), and the ablation group had significantly lower syncope and prodrome recurrence compared with the control group (11.4% vs. 51.4%, p < .001). In GP ablation, 88.6% of the patients showed significant vagal response during LSGP ablation, and 88.6% of the patients showed significantly increased heart rate during RAGP ablation.ConclusionsFor patients with recurrent VVS, selective anatomical catheter ablation of LSGP and RAGP is superior to conventional therapy in reducing syncope recurrence.
Migration Policies and Immigrants’ Language Acquisition in EU‐15: Evidence from Twitter
Authors: Gil‐Clavel Sofia , Grow André , Bijlsma Maarten J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn response to the increasingly complex and heterogeneous immigrant communities settling in Europe, European countries have adopted various civic integration measures. Measures aiming to facilitate language acquisition are considered crucial for integration and cooperation between immigrants and natives. Simultaneously, the rapid expansion of social media usage is believed to change the factors affecting immigrants’ language acquisition. However, only a few previous studies have analyzed whether this is the case. This article uses a novel longitudinal data source derived from Twitter to (1) analyze differences in the pace of immigrants’ language acquisition depending on the migration policies of destination countries and (2) study how the relative sizes of the migrant groups in destination countries, and the linguistic and geographical distances between origin and destination countries, are associated with language acquisition. Results show that immigrants who live in countries with strict language acquisition requirements for immigrants and conservative citizenship policies have the highest median times until language acquisition. Based on Twitter data, we also find that language acquisition is associated with classic explanatory variables, such as the size of the immigrant group in the destination country and the linguistic and geographical distance between origin and destination country similar to the previous studies.
Comparison of BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients: Post‐Hoc analysis of a Japanese national prospective study
Authors: Yoshikawa Mikiko , Natori Yoichiro , Oki Rikako , Unagami Kohei , Ohfuji Satoko , Imamura Ryoichi , Ishida Hideki , Takahara Shiro , Hirota Yoshio , Egawa Hiroto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the immunocompetent population are well established. However, in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, because of their use of immunosuppressive medication, the immunogenicity of these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines remains suboptimal. Both BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 have been used for some time, but their immunogenicity has not been directly compared in this immunocompromised patient group. We performed a post‐hoc analysis of a previous prospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria were adult SOT recipients with active grafts at least 1 month after SOT. After giving consent, participants chose to receive either BNT162b2 or mRNA1273 vaccine. Anti‐spike‐protein‐S antibody against SARS‐CoV‐2 was measured. Propensity scores were calculated via logistic regression to transform the probability of having received either BNT162b2 or mRNA1273 vaccine, and a model was developed. We enrolled 623 SOT recipients. In the propensity score‐matched analysis, 100 recipients were selected for BNT162b2 and 100 for mRNA1273. SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐spike protein antibody positivity with BNT162b2 versus mRNA1273 at 3 weeks after the first dose, 1 month after the second dose, 3 months after the second dose, and 6 months after the second dose were 10% versus 19% (P = .07), 51% versus 58% (P = .30), 74% versus 88% (P = .01), and 78% versus 87% (P = .13), respectively. We conducted a propensity score‐matched comparison of BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 vaccines as the primary series of COVID‐19 vaccines in SOT recipients. We found significantly better immunogenicity with the mRNA1273 vaccine than with BNT162b2.
Outcomes of transplant recipients with pretransplant Nocardia colonization or infection
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Chesdachai Supavit , Khodadadi Ryan B. , McHugh Jack W. , Challener Douglas W. , Wengenack Nancy L. , Bosch Wendelyn , Seville Maria Teresa , Beam Elena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpecific pretransplant infections have been associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. However, the impact of pretransplant Nocardia isolation has not been studied.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study from three centers in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota of patients with Nocardia infection or colonization who subsequently underwent solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from November 2011 through April 2022. Outcomes included posttransplant Nocardia infection and mortality.ResultsNine patients with pretransplant Nocardia were included. Two patients were deemed colonized with Nocardia, and the remaining seven had nocardiosis. These patients underwent bilateral lung (N = 5), heart (N = 1), heart‐kidney (N = 1), liver‐kidney (N = 1), and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (N = 1) at a median of 283 (interquartile range [IQR] 152–283) days after Nocardia isolation. Two (22.2%) patients had disseminated infection, and two were receiving active Nocardia treatment at the time of transplantation. One Nocardia isolate was resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) and all patients received TMP‐SMX prophylaxis posttransplant, often for extended durations. No patients developed posttransplant nocardiosis during a median follow‐up of 1.96 (IQR 0.90–6.33) years. Two patients died during follow‐up, both without evidence of nocardiosis.ConclusionsThis study did not identify any episodes of posttransplant nocardiosis among nine patients with pretransplant Nocardia isolation. As patients with the most severe infections may have been denied transplantation, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better analyze any impact of pretransplant Nocardia on posttransplant outcomes. However, among patients who receive posttransplant TMP‐SMX prophylaxis, these data suggest pretransplant Nocardia isolation may not impart a heightened risk of posttransplant nocardiosis.
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