bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic indicators for intracranial metastases from pancreatic cancer: a population-based retrospective Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis
Authors: Ladner Liliana , Bhutada Abhishek S. , Adhikari Srijan , Cuoco Joshua A. , Entwistle John J. , Rogers Cara M. , Marvin Eric A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The natural history, treatment options, and clinical outcomes of pancreatic metastases to the brain remain largely unknown. Here, we seek to investigate characteristics that influence overall survival (OS) in pancreatic metastases to the brain.
Methods
This is a population-based retrospective study of OS in 508 patients with pancreatic metastases to the brain using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized, and a predictive nomogram was developed.
Results
All patients had a median OS of 2 months. In the univariate analysis, patients older than 65 years had significantly increased OS (p < 0.001). Patients with liver metastases (p < 0.001) and liver and lung metastases (p < 0.001) exhibited significantly reduced OS. Treatment of the primary tumor with chemotherapy only (p < 0.001), radiation only (p = 0.01), radiation and chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and surgery only (p = 0.01) were associated with increased OS. Resection of a distant metastasis site (p = 0.009) and of a brain metastasis (p = 0.03) were associated with increased OS. In the multivariable analysis, factors that remained significant included patient age (p = 0.01), liver metastases (p < 0.001), liver and lung metastases (p < 0.001), treatment with chemotherapy (p < 0.001), treatment with radiation and chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and treatment with surgery and chemotherapy (p < 0.001). The nomogram had a C-index of 0.766, suggesting congruence between the findings on the nomogram and the results in the internal verification.
Conclusions
Median OS is influenced by age, multiorgan metastases and treatment of the primary tumor. These data highlight the life-prolonging role of treatment, yet improved quality of life remains to be elucidated.
Development of 3D-printed PCL/ Baghdadite Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Emadi Hosein , Baghani Mostafa , Khodaei Mohammad , Baniassadi Majid , Tavangarian Fariborz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A significant obstacle in bone tissue engineering is the creation of biodegradable bone replacements with the requisite mechanical and biological capabilities to treat more severe and intricately shaped injuries. Baghdadite has recently indicated that active biological ions such as silicon (Si4+) and zirconium (Zr4+) have been proven to increase bone growth considerably. In this study, we produced 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds containing different amounts of Baghdadite using the robocasting solvent technique. Notably, PCL with 40 and 60 wt.% Baghdadite scaffolds (PB40 and PB60) promoted a more biomimetic environment for in vitro bone growth as their proper bioactivity and cell viability results were obtained without the addition of osteoinductive components. The printing process produced 3D scaffolds with a compressive strength of 7.94 MPa and elastic modulus of 29.95 MPa in PB40. According to the analytical prediction models in PB40, the elastic modulus was 24.7 and 26.89 MPa. Also, adding 60 wt.% Baghdadite increased the degradation rate to 5.1% in two months, more than six times that of PCL-based scaffolds. Cell proliferation assay demonstrated that the optical density of MG63 cells after 7 days of culture increased from 1.43 ± 0.03 to 1.82 ± 0.20 in PB40 as compared to pure PCL scaffold. Furthermore, bioactivity evaluation, ion release assessment, and morphological observation results further revealed that incorporating Baghdadite into a 3D-printed PCL-based scaffold could improve bone regeneration. Our findings demonstrate that the PCL/Baghdadite composite scaffold may be efficiently manufactured using 3D-printing technology and is extremely promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
Some Classical and Fractal Splines for Constrained and Shape Preserving Interpolation and Applications in Solving Differential Equations
Authors: Jain Richa , Nallapu Vijender 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we develop constrained and shape preserving classical splines in one and two variables and fractal splines in two variables. First, we obtain a classical rational spline lying above or below the prescribed piecewise line or contained in a prescribed rectangle. Using a blending technique, we construct a classical bivariate rational spline and study its constrained and shape preserving aspects. The proposed constrained and shape preserving splines are exploited for solving {\it{constraint differential equations}}. We construct a bivariate fractal spline [which is the fixed point of the Read-Bajraktarevi\' c (RB) operator] as a perturbation of our classical bivariate rational spline proposed in this paper. Further, we investigate suitable conditions on the shape parameters and scaling factors so that the proposed fractal surface lies above or below the given plane, or within a prescribed cuboid. Also, we study the positivity and monotonicity preserving aspects of the proposed bivariate fractal spline. It is observed that our bivariate fractal spline converges to the original function as the mesh norm goes to zero. The proposed theoretical results are verified through numerical examples.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 46N20 , 28A80 , 26C15 , 41A05 , 41A29 , 65D05
WITHDRAWN: Immune-Based Subgroups Uncover Diverse Tumor Immunogenicity and Implications for Prognosis and Precision Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Chen Tingting , Zhang Juan , Zeng Hui , Zhang Yue , Zhou Hebing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Although a considerable proportion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients achieve remission through chemotherapy, relapse remains a recurring and significant event leading to treatment failure. This study aims to investigate the immune landscape in AML and its potential implications for prognosis and chemo-/immune-therapy.Methods Integrated analyses based on multiple sequencing datasets of AML were performed. Various algorithms estimated immune infiltration in AML samples. A subgroup prediction model was developed, and comprehensive bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms were applied to compare immune-based subgroups in relation to clinical features, mutational landscapes, immune characterizations, drug sensitivities, and cellular hierarchies at the single-cell level.Results Two immune-based AML subgroups, G1 and G2, were identified. G1 demonstrated higher immune infiltration, a more monocytic phenotype, increased proportions of monocytes/macrophages, and higher FLT3, DNMT3A, and NPM1 mutation frequencies. It was associated with a poorer prognosis, lower proportions of various immune cell types and a lower T cell infiltration score (TIS).
Pancreatic Cancer: A Review on Pathophysiology, Naturopathy, Clinical Treatment and Outcomes
Authors: Chakraborty Rituraj , Dutta Anupam , Baruah Bhargab Jyoti , Kumari Rajni , Sarma Priyanku , Sharma Ankita , Goswami Krishangi , Myakala Haritha , Verma Akalesh Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:The study aimed to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer with an emphasis on the advances in treatment options and the use of natural products as anticancer agents. The study involved a literature survey using PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar database. The literature search was done using keywords “Pancreatic cancer”, “Chemotherapy”, “Mutations”, and “Natural compounds”. 266 articles were studied of which 201 were taken into consideration based on relevance to the topic. Pancreatic cancer is associated with mutations of CDKN2A (encoding p16), KRAS, TP53 and SMAD4. MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and TGF- β pathway dysfunction also led to pancreatic cancer. Current clinical trial activities in pancreatic cancer target angiogenesis, surface receptors, cell cycle, DNA damage response, etc. Studies have shown that combining surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy increases survival rates in patients. New treatment options are on the rise for this cancer type, which is perioperative or neo-adjuvant therapy. Gemcitabine as a single treatment agent in pancreatic cancer has shown promising response with chemotherapy regimens using two combinations- Folfirinox and Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel giving a better response rate. Numerous natural substances, including curcumin, aloe vera, and taxol, which suppress oxidative stress, angiogenesis, JAK2 STAT3 pathways, and enhanced natural killer cell activity, have been explored as potential treatments for pancreatic cancer. With pancreatic cancer having a poor prognosis, investigations to comprehend its molecular underpinnings and research on natural chemicals could lead to the development of safer treatment alternatives with enhanced survival rates for pancreatic cancer patients.
Exploring the Potential of Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Anti-acne
Agents: A Review
Authors: Dhingra Prabhat , Garg Unnati , Jain Neha , Kaul Shreya , Nagaich Upendra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Acne is one of the most prevalent skin conditions among adolescents, which can often continue
to adulthood. It is characterized by the appearance of comedones along with blackheads, whiteheads,
papules, pimples, and pinheads on the neck, face, and back. The most common cause of acne is the bacteria
Propionibacterium acnes, but factors like hormonal imbalance, anxiety, and genetic makeup can often
be responsible. Despite the availability of numerous anti-acne agents, their efficacy is often limited due to
poor skin penetration and adverse effects. Nanocarriers have emerged as a promising approach for the
targeted delivery of anti-acne agents to the skin. This review discusses the potential of nanocarriers, including
vesicular systems, biphasic systems, polymeric systems, fullerenes, and carbon nanoparticles, for
enhanced skin penetration and controlled release of anti-acne agents. Various studies have reported using
nanocarriers to successfully deliver agents such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and retinoids, resulting
in improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Using nanocarriers has shown promise for developing
combination therapies targeting multiple aspects of acne pathogenesis. However, further research is needed
to optimize the formulation and assess the safety and efficacy of nanocarrier-based anti-acne therapies.
Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Steroid Hormones and Human
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A Inhibitors on Cortisol 6β-Hydroxylation
Catalyzed by CYP3A Subfamilies
Authors: Niwa Toshiro , Tani Misaki , Suzuki Anna , Murakami Mizuho 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The inhibitory and stimulatory effects of several compounds, including steroid hormones and azole antifungal agents, on cortisol 6β-hydroxylation activity by cyto-chrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, polymorphically expressed CYP3A5, and fetal CYP3A7 were com-pared with those on testosterone 6β-hydroxylation to clarify the catalytic properties of the pre-dominant forms of the human CYP3A subfamily.

Methods:
6β-Hydroxylation activities of cortisol and testosterone by CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in the absence or presence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), α-naphthoflavone (ANF), ketoconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
Lower concentrations of DHEA and ANF increased cortisol 6β-hydroxylation activities catalyzed by CYP3A4 but not those catalyzed by CYP3A5 and CYP3A7. The inhibition strength of azole antifungal agents against cortisol 6β-hydroxylation catalyzed by all CYP3A subfamilies was similar to that of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation. Although the Michaelis constant (Km) in-creased 2-fold in the presence of 20 μM DHEA compared to that of the control, the maximal velocity (Vmax) values gradually increased with increasing DHEA. For ANF, both Km and Vmax values increased, although the Km value decreased at 2.5 μM concentrations. Ketoconazole and itraconazole competitively inhibited cortisol 6β-hydroxylation mediated by CYP3A4 with simi-lar inhibition constants.

Conclusion:
The inhibitory/stimulatory pattern among CYP3A subfamily members differed be-tween cortisol and testosterone, and CYP3A4 was found to be the most sensitive in terms of in-hibition by azole antifungals among the CYP3A subfamily members investigated.
Translating and Testing a Digital Game Promoting Vegetable Consumption in Young Children: Usability Study
Authors: Bucher Della Torre Sophie , Lages Marlene , Dias Sara S , Guarino Maria P , Braga-Pontes Cátia 
Published: August 2023

Background
Promoting healthy eating in children is key to preventing chronic diseases, and vegetable consumption is notably lower than recommended in this population. Among the interventions tested, gamification has shown promise in promoting familiarization, increasing knowledge, and potentially increasing vegetable intake.

Objective
This pilot study aimed first to translate the digital game “Veggies4myHeart” into French and to assess its influence on young children’s preferences and willingness to taste vegetables when combined with repeated tasting and education. We also aimed to investigate the acceptability and applicability of the game in 2 classrooms.

Methods
During 5 consecutive weekly sessions, children from 2 elementary classes played the digital game consisting of 5 mini games on different vegetables (lettuce, carrot, red cabbage, cucumber, and tomato) in pairs for 10-15 minutes. In addition, they discussed one of the vegetables and tasted the 5 vegetables in each session. Pretest and posttest food preferences and willingness to taste the vegetables were compared. Teachers participated in a semistructured interview.

Results
A total of 45 children aged 5 to 6 years tested the French version of the digital game. The children’s declared food preferences were already high for carrot, cucumber, and tomato, with scores higher than 4 out of a maximum of 5. The scores did not change significantly after the intervention, except for red cabbage (pretest: mean 2.52, SD 1.49; posttest: mean 3.29, SD 1.67; P=.006) and a composite score (pretest: mean 3.76, SD 1.06; posttest: mean 4.05, SD 1.03; P=.001). Before the intervention, 18 (44%), 30 (73%), 16 (39%), 29 (71%), and 26 (63%) children out of 41 were willing to taste lettuce, carrot, red cabbage, cucumber, and tomato, respectively. After the intervention, no significant statistical differences were observed, with 23 (51%), 36 (80%), 24 (53%), 33 (73%), and 29 (64%) children out of 45 willing to taste lettuce, carrot, red cabbage, cucumber, and tomato, respectively. Teachers supported this tool combined with repeated tasting and education and highlighted facilitators and barriers that should be anticipated to improve implementation in schools.

Conclusions
In this study, we translated an existing digital game applicable and acceptable to both children and teachers. A larger study is warranted to confirm the effectiveness of interventions using the digital game to promote vegetable preference, willingness to taste, and intake.
PERENCANAAN PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERAMALAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN TOTAL PERMINTAAN KERIPIK PADA KERIPIK PISANG AZIZAH DI MAMBORO KECAMATAN PALU UTARA
Authors: Sudarma Agus Maryanto , Laapo Alimuddin , Sulaeman Sulaeman 
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas hasil peramalan dengan metode Double Moving Average dan Double Eksponensial Smothing serta untuk memberikan gambaran perencanaan produksi dalam memenuhi permintaan keripik pada keripik pisang Azizah untuk 6 bulan kedepan. Penentuan responden dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sengaja (Purposive) terhadap UKM Kripik Pisang Azizah, untuk mengetahui informasi tentang perencanaan produksi keripik pisang dilakukan dengan mewawancarai secara langsung pemilik UKM dengan pertimbangan bahwa responden mengetahui seluk – beluk dan bagaimana usaha tersebut dijalankan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Double Moving Average dan Double Eksponensial Smothing. Hasil metode peramalan yang dapat digunakan pada “Usaha Keripik Pisang Azizah” dalam menentukan peramalan permintaan konsumen serta memiliki tingkat kesalahan terendah atau mendekati aktual adalah double moving average 6 bulan dengan nilai Mean Absolute Deviation 10,85 dan Mean Square Error 166,13, dengan hasil ramalan atau perkiraan permintaan konsumen pada periode Januari 2020 sampai Juni 2020 sebesar 198,05 kg/bulan; 193,52 kg/bulan; 191,42 kg/bulan; 182,39 kg/bulan; 181,84 kg/bulan dan 188,90 kg/bulan keripik pisang. Hasil Peramalan permintaan dapat digunakan sebagai perencaan untuk produksi keripik pada periode Januari 2020 sampai Juni 2020, dengan jumlah produksi 198,05 kg/bulan; 193,52 kg/bulan; 191,42 kg/bulan; 182,39 kg/bulan;181,84 kg/bulan dan 188,90 kg/bulan keripik pisang.
ANALISIS PEMASARAN KAKAO DI DESA KAYUBOKO KECAMATAN PARIGI BARAT KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG
Authors: Gozali Ahmad , Tangkesalu Dance , Sultan Hardianti 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rantai pemasaran kakao diDesa Kayuboko Kecamatan Parigi Barat Kabupaten Parigi Moutong sampai ke Tangan Konsumen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kayuboko Kecamatan Parigi Barat Kabupaten Parigi Moutong dari Bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2020. Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan metode acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) dengan jumlah responden 31 orang produsen (petani) dan pengambilan responden pedagang dilakukan dengan cara metode penjajakan (Tracing Sampling) sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 1 orang pedagang pengumpul, dan 1 orang pedagang besar.Hasil analisis pemasaran menunjukan bahwa saluran pemasaran kakao di Desa Kayuboko melalui dua saluran pemasaran yaitu: Petani - Pedagang pengumpul - Pedagang besar - Pabrik (Konsumen akhir), Petani - Pedagang besar - Pabrik (Konsumen akhir). Hasil analisis margin pemasaran kakao saluran 1 yaitu MT = Rp.10.000/Kg sedangkan saluran kedua yaitu MT = Rp.5.000/Kg. Bagian harga yang diterima petani kakao pada saluran 1 yaitu sebesar 75,00%, sedangkan pada saluran kedua yaitu sebesar 87,05%. Efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran pertama sebesar 2,19%, sedangkan nilai efisiensi untuk saluran II adalah sebesar 1,12%, sehingga dari kedua saluran tersebut, saluran yang paling efisien yaitu saluran kedua dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 2,0%.
EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA JAMUR (Aspergillus sp, Beauveria Bassiana, Verticilliumsp) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PUPA PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen)
Authors: Silviani Silviani , Anshary Alam , Lakani Irwan 
Published: August 2023

Kakao merupakan salah satu produk pertanian yang dapat diandalkan dalam mewujudkan program pembangunan pertanian, khususnya dalam hal penyediaan lapangan kerja, pendorong pengembangan wilayah, peningkatan kesejahteraan petani dan peningkatan pendapatan/devisa Negara. Kerugian akibat serangan PBK merupakan resultan dari penurunan berat biji, kehilangan hasil dan meningkatnya biaya panen diakibatkan sulitnya memisahkan biji yang terserang dari kulit buahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengaplikasian beberapa jamur dalam berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pupa penggerek buah kakao. Pengambilan pupa serangga PBK yaitu dikumpulkan dari buah kakao yang memiliki gejala serangan PBK, selain itu juga pupa serangga didapatkan dari tumpukkan buah dan kulit-kulit buah kakao, Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 1 kontrol yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 10 ekor pupa uji. Berdasarkan hasil uji ketiga jenis cendawan entomopatogen yang dapat menyebabkan mortalitas pupa PBK (C. cramerella), dari ketiga cendawan tersebut yang lebih efektif digunakan yaitu cendawan Aspergillus sp dengan tingkat mortalitas 90,50%, sedangkan tingkat mortalitas cendawan Verticillium sp yaitu 80,50% dan yang terendah cendawan Beauveria Bassiana yaitu 56,67%.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK MAJEMUK DAN PUPUK TUNGGAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor l. moench)
Authors: Rifaldi Wahyu , Barus Henry Novero 
Published: August 2023

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman serealia yang mempunyai potensi besar untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia karena mempunyai sifat adaptasi yang baik. Tanaman sorgum toleran terhadap kekeringan, dapat berproduksi pada lahan marginal, serta relatif tahan terhadap gangguan hama / penyakit. Penelitian bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Pupuk Majemuk Dan Pupuk Tunggal Terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus 2020 sampai November 2020 di Kota Palu, Kecamatan Palu Barat, Kelurahan Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 5 (Lima) perlakuan. dengan rincian sebagai berikut : 1) = NPK 0,75g/polybag, 2) = Urea 1g /polybag, 3) = Kcl 1g /polybag, 4) = Sp36 1g /polybag, 5) = ZA 1g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk Urea, KCl, SP-36, dan ZA meningkatkan pertumbuhan sorgum pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dibandingkan pupuk NPK pada umur 12 MST. Pemberian pupuk ZA cenderung meningkatkan pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan pupuk lainnya. Selain itu, pemberian pupuk NPK, Urea, KCl, SP-36, dan ZA tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan terhadap hasil sorgum bobot biji.
Penentuan Suhu Optimum Pirolisis Serbuk Gergaji Batang Kelapa
Authors: Aladin Andi , Syarif Takdir , Suryanto Andi , Magefira Andi , Ardan  
Published: August 2023

Research has been carried out on the utilization of biomass waste of coconut trunk sawdust using the pyrolysis method to produce two products simultaneously, namely charcoal and liquid smoke. In order to obtain charcoal products with optimum calorific value, it is necessary to understand the optimum pyrolysis conditions. One of the optimum conditions, namely pyrolysis temperature, was studied in this research. Pyrolysis was carried out in a simultaneous pyrolysis reactor at a flow rate of argon inert gas into the reactor of 2 liters/minute and a pyrolysis time of 2.5 hours with pyrolysis temperature variations of 350, 400, 450, and 500°C, respectively. The study showed that the optimum temperature of 400oC was obtained which gave a yield of 34% charcoal with a calorific value of 7229 kcal/kg. Compared to the calorific value of the raw material for coconut sawdust which is 4400 kcal/kg, there was an increase in the calorific value of the pyrolysis product by 64%. Based on the optimum temperature condition, liquid smoke as a by-product was also obtained with a yield of 45%. Charcoal can be used as a solid fuel or as a bioadsorbent in the treatment of liquid waste or clarification of liquid food products such as virgin coconut oil (VCO). Grade 3 liquid smoke can be used as a biopesticide, while grade 1 liquid smoke can be used as a food preservative. Given the benefits of the two pyrolysis products, both of the products from the current research have a promising market value.