bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No judgment: value optimization and the reinvention of reviewing on YouTube
Authors: Hallinan Blake 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Social media platforms employ algorithmic recommendations to optimize the user's experience and incentivize particular forms of cultural production. While prior research shows that creators respond to these incentives and seek to optimize their content in return, the normative implications of this process are ambiguous and contentious. To examine the values promoted by platforms, this study focuses on YouTube reviews, a popular genre that crosses communities and foregrounds values. Employing content and thematic analyses of 200 videos, I find that creators communicate value consistently: good products are aesthetic, functional, distinctive, and either pleasurable or resonant, while good reviewers are relatable above all else. I develop the concept of value optimization to refer to communicative strategies that appeal to the perceived values of a platform and show how creators’ tendency to qualify their evaluations and avoid strong judgments transforms the historical function of reviewing. Finally, I discuss implications for future research on the platformization of cultural production.
Phytosanitary irradiation treatment of the aerial root mealybug, Pseudococcus baliteus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Zhao Qing-Ying , Ma Fu-Huan , Deng Wei , Li Zhi-Hong , Song Zi-Jiao , Ma Chen , Ren Yong Lin , Du Xin , Zhan Guo-Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aerial root mealybug, Pseudococcus baliteus Lit (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an important invasive and quarantine pest that poses a potential threat to fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. As a result, phytosanitary treatments are necessary to ensure the commodities of international trade are free from these pests. To determine the minimum absorbed dose required for phytosanitary irradiation (PI) application, irradiation dose-response and large-scale confirmatory tests were conducted. Eggs that were 2, 4, and 6 days old and late gravid females (containing 0-day-old eggs) of P. baliteus were X-ray irradiated with doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gray (Gy). The efficacy of preventing egg-hatching (mortality) was compared using two-way ANOVA, 95% confidence interval overlapping and lethal dose ratio test in probit analysis. The radiotolerance sequence of mealybugs egg was found to be 0 &lt; 2 ≈ 4 &lt; 6-day-old eggs, and their estimated LD99.9968 values with 95% confidence interval were 132.0 (118.9–149.5), 137.6 (125.2–153.7), 145.5 (134.5–159.1), and 157.4 (144.6–173.6) Gy, respectively. Subsequently, target doses of 135 and 145 Gy were used in the confirmatory gamma radiation treatments. No F1 generation neonates developed from a total of 47,316 late females irradiated at the measured dose of 107.7–182.5 Gy, resulting in the treatment efficiency of 99.9937% at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, the highest dose of 183 Gy measured in the confirmatory tests is recommended as the minimum absorbed dose in PI treatment of P. baliteus for establishing national and international standards.
Guidelines and quantitative standards for improved cetacean taxonomy using full mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Morin Phillip A , Martien Karen K , Lang Aimee R , Hancock-Hanser Brittany L , Pease Victoria L , Robertson Kelly M , Sattler Maya , Slikas Elizabeth , Rosel Patricia E , Baker C Scott , Taylor Barbara L , Archer Frederick I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In many organisms, especially those of conservation concern, traditional lines of evidence for taxonomic delineation, such as morphological data, are often difficult to obtain. In these cases, genetic data are often the only source of information available for taxonomic studies. In particular, population surveys of mitochondrial genomes offer increased resolution and precision in support of taxonomic decisions relative to conventional use of the control region or other gene fragments of the mitochondrial genome. To improve quantitative guidelines for taxonomic decisions in cetaceans, we build on a previous effort targeting the control region and evaluate, for whole mitogenome sequences, a suite of divergence and diagnosability estimates for pairs of recognized cetacean populations, subspecies, and species. From this overview, we recommend new guidelines based on complete mitogenomes, combined with other types of evidence for isolation and divergence, which will improve resolution for taxonomic decisions, especially in the face of small sample sizes or low levels of genetic diversity. We further use simulated data to assist interpretations of divergence in the context of varying forms of historical demography, culture, and ecology.
Comparative analyses reveal potential genetic mechanisms for high-altitude adaptation of Schizopygopsis fishes based on chromosome-level genomes
Authors: Zhou Chuang , Wang Xiaodong , Hu Zhengrui , Chen Qian , Du Chao , Liu Yi , Song Zhaobin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The schizothoracine fishes, widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas, are considered as ideal models for investigation of high-altitude adaptation. Schizophygopsis are one group of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes, and the genetic basis for their high-altitude adaptation is poorly understood. In this study, we performed comparative genomics analyses to investigate the potential genetic mechanisms for high-altitude adaptation of Schizopygopsis malacanthus and Schizopygopsis pylzovi based on the chromosome-level genomes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that many expanded gene families in Schizopygopsis were associated with immune response while many contracted gene families were functionally associated with olfaction. Among the 123 positively selected genes (PSGs), angpt2a was detected in HIF-1 signaling pathway and possibly related to the hypoxia adaptation of Schizopygopsis. Furthermore, two PSGs cox15 and ndufb10 were distributed in thermogenesis, and there was a Schizopygopsis-specific missense mutation in cox15 (Gln115Glu), which possibly contributed to the cold temperature adaptation of the Schizopygopsis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of the PSGs revealed three significant pathways including metabolic pathways, cell cycle, and homologous recombination and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the PSGs revealed several categories associated with DNA repair, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, and metabolic process. Chromosome-scale characterization of olfactory receptor (OR) repertoires indicated that Schizopygopsis had the least number of OR genes, and the OR gene contraction was possibly caused by the limited food variety and the environmental factors such as lower air pressure, lower humidity, and lower temperature. Our study will help expand our understanding of the potential adaptive mechanism of Schizopygopsis to cope with the high-altitude conditions.
Silences and Omissions in Reporting Epidemics in Russian and Soviet Prisons, 1890-2021
Authors: Nakonechnyi Mikhail , Pallot Judith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Penitentiary systems serve as breeding grounds for all kinds of diseases. Drawing upon new archival materials, this article examines the history of the management and reporting of epidemics in the Russian prison system from the late Imperial period to the present day. We use the case studies of cholera (1892-1893), typhus (1932-1933), and pulmonary tuberculosis (the 1990s) to examine how the general political and social conjuncture at different times affected the response of prison authorities to epidemics to show that, notwithstanding major shifts in society and polity, there was continuity in the management of epidemics by prison authorities in the long twentieth century. However, there were fundamental discrepancies in the way late Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russia reported epidemiological emergencies in prisons. We argue that Russia’s tumultuous past has reinforced the tendency among the Russian penal administration towards a lack of transparency that has persisted to the present day, in relation to the latest, COVID-19, epidemic.
A framework of biomarkers for vascular aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium
Authors:   Aging Biomarker Consortium, Zhang Le , Guo Jun , Liu Yuehong , Sun Shimin , Liu Baohua , Yang Qi , Tao Jun , Tian Xiao-Li , Pu Jun , Hong Huashan , Wang Miao , Chen Hou-Zao , Ren Jie , Wang Xiaoming , Liang Zhen , Wang Yuan , Huang Kai , Zhang Weiqi , Qu Jing , Ju Zhenyu , Liu Guang-Hui , Pei Gang , Li Jian , Zhang Cuntai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aging of the vasculature, which is integral to the functioning of literally all human organs, serves as a fundamental physiological basis for age-related alterations as well as a shared etiological mechanism for various chronic diseases prevalent in the elderly population. China, home to the world’s largest aging population, faces an escalating challenge in addressing the prevention and management of these age-related conditions. To meet this challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium of China has developed an expert consensus on biomarkers of vascular aging (VA) by synthesizing literature and insights from scientists and clinicians. This consensus provides a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers associated with VA and presents a systemic framework to classify them into three dimensions: functional, structural, and humoral. Within each dimension, the expert panel recommends the most clinically relevant VA biomarkers. For the functional domain, biomarkers reflecting vascular stiffness and endothelial function are highlighted. The structural dimension encompasses metrics for vascular structure, microvascular structure, and distribution. Additionally, proinflammatory factors are emphasized as biomarkers with the humoral dimension. The aim of this expert consensus is to establish a foundation for assessing the extent of VA and conducting research related to VA, with the ultimate goal of improving the vascular health of the elderly in China and globally.
On the Origins of Phenotypic Parallelism in Benthic and Limnetic Stickleback
Authors: Dean Laura L , Magalhaes Isabel Santos , D’Agostino Daniele , Hohenlohe Paul , MacColl Andrew D C 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments, giving rise to in situ parallel adaptation, is an important hallmark of ecological speciation. However, what appears to be in situ adaptation can also arise by dispersal of divergent lineages from elsewhere. We test whether two contrasting phenotypes repeatedly evolved in parallel, or have a single origin, in an archetypal example of ecological adaptive radiation: benthic–limnetic three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across species pair and solitary lakes in British Columbia. We identify two genomic clusters across freshwater populations, which differ in benthic–limnetic divergent phenotypic traits and separate benthic from limnetic individuals in species pair lakes. Phylogenetic reconstruction and niche evolution modeling both suggest a single evolutionary origin for each of these clusters. We detected strong phylogenetic signal in benthic–limnetic divergent traits, suggesting that they are ancestrally retained. Accounting for ancestral state retention, we identify local adaptation of body armor due to the presence of an intraguild predator, the sculpin (Cottus asper), and environmental effects of lake depth and pH on body size. Taken together, our results imply a predominant role for retention of ancestral characteristics in driving trait distribution, with further selection imposed on some traits by environmental factors.
Stability and mechanism of threose nucleic acid toward acid-mediated degradation
Authors: Lee Erica M , Setterholm Noah A , Hajjar Mohammad , Barpuzary Bhawna , Chaput John C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Xeno-nucleic acids (XNAs) have gained significant interest as synthetic genetic polymers for practical applications in biomedicine, but very little is known about their biophysical properties. Here, we compare the stability and mechanism of acid-mediated degradation of α-l-threose nucleic acid (TNA) to that of natural DNA and RNA. Under acidic conditions and elevated temperature (pH 3.3 at 90°C), TNA was found to be significantly more resistant to acid-mediated degradation than DNA and RNA. Mechanistic insights gained by reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry indicate that the resilience of TNA toward low pH environments is due to a slower rate of depurination caused by induction of the 2′-phosphodiester linkage. Similar results observed for 2′,5′-linked DNA and 2′-O-methoxy-RNA implicate the position of the phosphodiester group as a key factor in destabilizing the formation of the oxocarbenium intermediate responsible for depurination and strand cleavage of TNA. Biochemical analysis indicates that strand cleavage occurs by β-elimination of the 2′-phosphodiester linkage to produce an upstream cleavage product with a 2′-threose sugar and a downstream cleavage product with a 3′ terminal phosphate. This work highlights the unique physicochemical properties available to evolvable non-natural genetic polymers currently in development for biomedical applications.
Proteomic Profiling of Urine From Hospitalized Patients With Severe Pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 vs Other Causes: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Wilson Lindsay , Chang Ju-Wei , Meier Stuart , Ganief Tariq , Ganief Naadir , Oelofse Suzette , Baillie Vicky , Nunes Marta C , Madhi Shabir A , Blackburn Jonathan , Dheda Keertan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia remains poorly understood. The urine proteome of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with severe non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls, was distinct and associated with lower abundance of several host proteins. Protein-specific machine learning analysis outlined biomarker combinations able to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls.
Inhibition of NPR1 Leads to Shoot Growth Improvement under Low-Calcium Conditions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hashimoto Shuichi , Shikanai Yusuke , Kusajima Miyuki , Nakamura Hidemitsu , Fujiwara Toru , Kamiya Takehiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Under low-Ca conditions, plants accumulate salicylic acid (SA) and induce SA-responsive genes. However, the relationship between SA and low-Ca tolerance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the inhibition or suppression of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) activity, a major regulator of the SA signaling pathway in the defense response, improves shoot growth under low-Ca conditions. Furthermore, mutations in phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4) or enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), which are upstream regulators of NPR1, improved shoot growth under low-Ca conditions, suggesting that NPR1 suppressed growth under low-Ca conditions. In contrast, growth of SA induction–deficient 2-2 (sid2-2), which is an SA-deficient mutant, was sensitive to low Ca levels, suggesting that SA accumulation by SID2 was not related to growth inhibition under low-Ca conditions. Additionally, npr1-1 showed low-Ca tolerance, and the application of tenoxicam—an inhibitor of the NPR1-mediated activation of gene expression—also improved shoot growth under low Ca conditions. The low-Ca tolerance of double mutants pad4-1, npr1-1 and eds1-22 npr1-1 was similar to that of the single mutants, suggesting that PAD4 and EDS1 are involved in the same genetic pathway in suppressing growth under low-Ca conditions as NPR1. Cell death and low-Ca tolerance did not correlate among the mutants, suggesting that growth improvement in the mutants was not due to cell death inhibition. In conclusion, we revealed that NPR1 suppresses plant growth under low-Ca conditions and that the other SA-related genes influence plant growth and cell death.
Global hypermethylation of the N6-methyladenosine RNA modification associated with apple heterografting
Authors: Xu Jidi , He Jieqiang , Hu Bichun , Hou Nan , Guo Junxing , Wang Caixia , Li Xuewei , Li Zhongxing , Zhai Jingjing , Zhang Ting , Ma Chuang , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Grafting can facilitate better scion performance and is widely used in plants. Numerous studies have studied the involvement of mRNAs, small RNAs, and epigenetic regulations in the grafting process. However, it remains unclear whether the mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification participates in the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) grafting process. Here, we decoded the landscape of m6A modification profiles in ‘Golden delicious’ (a cultivar, Gd) and Malus prunifolia ‘Fupingqiuzi’ (a unique rootstock with resistance to environmental stresses, Mp), as well as their heterografted and self-grafted plants. Interestingly, global hypermethylation of m6A occurred in both heterografted scion and rootstock compared with their self-grafting controls. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that grafting-induced differentially m6A-modified genes were mainly involved in RNA processing, epigenetic regulation, stress response, and development. Differentially m6A-modified genes harboring expression alterations were mainly involved in various stress responses and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, grafting-induced mobile mRNAs with m6A and gene expression alterations mainly participated in ABA synthesis and transport (e.g. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 [CCD1] and ATP-binding cassette G22 [ABCG22]) and abiotic and biotic stress responses, which might contribute to the better performance of heterografted plants. Additionally, the DNA methylome analysis also demonstrated the DNA methylation alterations during grafting. Downregulated expression of m6A methyltransferase gene MdMTA (ortholog of METTL3) in apples induced the global m6A hypomethylation and distinctly activated the expression level of DNA demethylase gene MdROS1 (REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1) showing the possible association between m6A and 5mC methylation in apples. Our results reveal the m6A modification profiles in the apple grafting process and enhance our understanding of the m6A regulatory mechanism in plant biological processes.
Balanced callose and cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis quorum-sensing signaling and pattern-triggered immunity
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Ma Zhiming , Tran Tuan Minh , Rautengarten Carsten , Cheng Yingying , Yang Liang , Ebert Berit , Persson Staffan , Miao Yansong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The plant cell wall (CW) is one of the most important physical barriers that phytopathogens must conquer to invade their hosts. This barrier is a dynamic structure that responds to pathogen infection through a complex network of immune receptors, together with CW-synthesizing and CW-degrading enzymes. Callose deposition in the primary CW is a well-known physical response to pathogen infection. Notably, callose and cellulose biosynthesis share an initial substrate, UDP-glucose, which is the main load-bearing component of the CW. However, how these 2 critical biosynthetic processes are balanced during plant–pathogen interactions remains unclear. Here, using 2 different pathogen-derived molecules, bacterial flagellin (flg22) and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, we show a negative correlation between cellulose and callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By quantifying the abundance of callose and cellulose under DSF or flg22 elicitation and characterizing the dynamics of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these 2 polymers, we show that the balance of these 2 CW components is mediated by the activity of a β-1,3-glucanase (BG2). Our data demonstrate balanced cellulose and callose biosynthesis during plant immune responses.
Expert legitimacy and competing legitimation in Italian school reforms
Authors: Galanti Maria Tullia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the face of the complexities of problem-solving , experts are gaining centrality in policymaking (Weiss, 1979). At the same time, they are increasingly challenged in their legitimacy, which is not only technical but also political. Challenges to the legitimacy of experts suggest that other types of legitimacy are important for policymaking. Issues of legitimacy are particularly important for sound policymaking when the authority of experts and the value of evidence are contested and when the debate over policy solutions is particularly conflictual and ideological. In this paper, I use three exploratory cases of the use of expertise in education policy in Italy to show how policymakers design different advisory committees to enhance different types of legitimacy (epistemic, bureaucratic, and political). The findings suggest that while policymakers design advisory committees primarily to meet their legitimacy needs, the legitimacy of a decision requires different types of sources to generate consent and to allow for the impact of expertise.
NIR-responsive carrier-free nanoparticles based on berberine hydrochloride and indocyanine green for synergistic antibacterial therapy and promoting infected wound healing
Authors: Duan Youyu , Xu Peiyao , Ge Panyuan , Chen Linfei , Chen Ying , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Wang Shibin , Chen Aizheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions, resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system. Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents, they suffer from several limitations, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo, severely restricting their wide application. Herein, we constructed a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive carrier-free berberine hydrochloride (BH, phytochemicals)/indocyanine green (ICG, photosensitizer) nanoparticles (BI NPs) for synergistic antibacterial of an infected wound. Through electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking, the hydrophobic BH and amphiphilic ICG are initially self-assembled to generate carrier-free nanoparticles. The obtained BI NPs demonstrated NIR-responsive drug release behavior and better photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 36%. In addition, BI NPs stimulated by NIR laser exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity, which realized the synergistic antibacterial treatment and promoted infected wound healing. In summary, the current research results provided a candidate strategy for self-assembling new BI NPs to treat bacterial infections synergistically.