bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
088 The walton seizure pathway – experience to date and outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Nicholas , Marson Anthony , Riley Julie , Wilson Martin , Nicolson Andrew 
Published: March 2023

We designed a seizure management pathway for A&E and acute medical units of Walton Neuro Network hospitals. This was in response to the results of the National Audit of Seizures in Hospitals (NASH) revealing considerable variation in management and referral of patients after seizures. It was established with a varying degree of success in seven acute trusts. Its aims were: 1. clear admission and discharge criteria; 2. guidance on management of patients requiring admission, status epilepticus and obtaining inpatient advice or consultation if needed; 3. a simple pathway for all seizure patients to be referred quickly to WCFT after discharge from A&E or an acute medical ward; 4. to reduce repeat A&E attendances and re-admissions; 5. clear patient information for all patients discharged from A&E or inpatient care after seizures.The outcome was reviewed for 2016–2018. More seizure patients were referred (+23%); the proportion of patients seen in a neurology clinic after a seizure related admission increased from 34% to 42% and the proportion of seizure patients admitted to local hospitals who were not under neurology follow up fell from 58% to 48%. However, the referral rate after admission of new (or not under review) seizure patients remains too low at 21%. There has been no effect yet on re-admission or A&E re-attendance rates of patients after seizure admissions.
091 Six years of perampanel: impact on patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Dougan Ann 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn 2012 perampanel acquired a UK license for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. It has a mechanism of action distinct from all other anti-epileptic drugs. At Bart’s Health we use it to improve seizure control in patients with refractory (drug-resistant) epilepsy, which affects roughly one third of all patients with epilepsy.AimTo evaluate the contribution of perampanel in the treatment of refractory epilepsy.MethodsElectronic patient records were accessed to obtain information on efficacy, adverse effects, maximum tolerated dosage and concomitant medication.ResultsPermapanel has been used in the treatment of 45 patients. No patients have been rendered seizure-free by the drug. Fifteen patients demonstrated a sustained reduction in seizure frequency and have remained on perampanel therapy. Thirteen patients experienced no, or questionable, benefit and discontinued the drug. Thirteen patients were intolerant and discontinued the drug. There was no clear association with any combination of epilepsy medication.ConclusionPerampanel has enabled us to improve seizure control and quality of life in one third of this cohort of patients, which would have not been possible before its introduction. It has proved a useful addition to the armamentarium of drugs available for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
094 The adult phenotypes of paediatric-onset genetic epilepsies
Authors: Lewis-Smith David , Craig Donald , Thomas Rhys 
Published: March 2023

Genetic discovery in epilepsies has focussed on cohorts of children who typically have severe and intractable seizures. Now that genetic testing for adults with epilepsy has entered routine clinical practice, we are able to learn about the developmental trajectory of these epilepsies.Undiagnosed patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability were offered gene panel testing in an NHS epilepsy clinic. We present the clinical features of eight adults found to carry variants in paediatric epilepsy genes during re-investigation. All are amongst the oldest cases described. In six cases (CHD2, CNTNAP2, KCN1A, KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN8A) the onset was typical of published cases and we describe the evolution of their syndromes into adulthood including EEG and imaging. In two (SMC1A, NEXMIF) the onset was significantly later than published cases and we hypothesise that the phenotypic spectrum is broader than first thought for these disorders.Rare variants in genes associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies occur in adults with epilepsy. Stratifying patients with regards to syndromic diagnosis will facilitate more precise personalised prognostication and ultimately molecularly stratified treatment strategies. To maximise this potential it will become more important over the coming years for adult neurologists to undertake and understand genetic testing and collaborate with longitudinal observational studies of cohorts defined by molecular features.
096 Perampanel: real life experience in swansea
Authors: Ismail Mouhamad Hussein , Powell Robert 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPerampanel is a selective, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist with a broad-spectrum activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Perampanel in an unselected group of patients with epilepsy treated at a single centre.MethodsPatients prescribed Perampanel in Morriston Hospital were included in the study. We recorded epilepsy type and duration, and side effects of treatment. The efficacy was measured by the frequency of seizures at various time points after commencing PerampanelResults39 patients were included, 53.8% (21/39) male and 46.2% (18/39) females, mean age was thirty-nine. 71.8% (28/39) had focal epilepsy and 82.1% (32/39) were on 2 or more anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). 30.7% (12/39) of patients reported more than 50% improvement in the frequency of seizures after commencing Perampanel. 38.4% (15/39) reported no change, 5% (2/39) of patients reported worsening of seizures. The most commonly reported side effects were aggression 25.6% (10/39), low mood 20.5% (8/39) and dizziness 15.3% (6/39).ConclusionPerampanel showed mixed results in relation to seizure frequency reductions and the most commonly reported side effects were low mood and aggression. We plan to extend the study to include patients from other south wales centres and calculate overall retention rates.
Cross section measurement of the $$^{12}$$C(p,$$\gamma $$)$$^{13}$$N reaction with activation in a wide energy range
Authors: Gyürky Gy. , Csedreki L. , Szücs T. , Kiss G. G. , Halász Z. , Fülöp Zs. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe CNO cycle is one of the fundamental processes of hydrogen burning in stars. The first reaction of the cycle is the radiative proton capture on $$^{12}$$

12

C and the rate of this $$^{12}$$

12

C(p,$$\gamma $$
γ
)$$^{13}$$

13

N reaction is related to the $$^{12}$$

12

C/$$^{13}$$

13

C ratio observed e.g. in the Solar System. The low-energy cross section of this reaction was measured several times in the past, however, the experimental data are scarce in a wide energy range especially around the resonance at 1.7 MeV. In the present work the $$^{12}$$

12

C(p,$$\gamma $$
γ
)$$^{13}$$

13

N cross section was measured between 300 and 1900 keV using the activation method. This method was only used several decades ago in the low-energy region. As the activation method provides the total cross section and has uncertainties different from those of the in-beam $$\gamma $$
γ
-spectroscopy technique, the present results provide a largely independent data set for future low-energy extrapolations and thus for astrophysical reaction rate calculations.
Vacuum stability and radiative symmetry breaking of the scale-invariant singlet extension of type II seesaw model
Authors: Dirgantara Bayu , Kannike Kristjan , Sreethawong Warintorn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe questions of the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and neutrino mass are two major puzzles in particle physics. Neutrino mass generation requires new physics beyond the Standard Model and also suggests reconsideration of physics of symmetry breaking. The aim of this paper is to study radiative symmetry breaking in the singlet scalar extension of type II seesaw neutrino mass model. We derive bounded-from-below conditions for the scalar potential of the model in full generality for the first time. The Gildener–Weinberg approach is utilised in minimising the multiscalar potential. Upon imposing the bounded-from-below and perturbativity conditions, as well as experimental constraints from colliders, we find the parameter space of scalar quartic couplings that can radiatively realise electroweak symmetry breaking at one-loop level. To satisfy all the constraints, the masses of the heavy triplet-like Higgs bosons must be nearly degenerate. The evolution of the Higgs doublet quartic coupling $$\lambda _{H}$$

λ
H

can be prevented from being negative up to the Planck scale.
HEP-Frame: an efficient tool for big data applications at the LHC
Authors: Pereira André , Onofre António , Proença Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHEP-Frame is a new C++ package designed to efficiently perform analyses of datasets from a very large number of events, like those available at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva. It mainly targets high-performance servers and mini-clusters, and it was designed for natural science researchers with a user-friendly interface to access structured databases. HEP-Frame automatically evaluates the underlying computing resources and builds an adequate code skeleton when creating a data analysis application. At run-time, HEP-Frame analyses a sequence of datasets exploring the available parallelism in the code and hardware resources: it concurrently reads inputs from a user-defined data structure and processes them, following the user-specific sequence of requirements to select relevant data; it manages the efficient execution of that sequence; and it outputs results in user-defined objects (e.g., ROOT structures), stored together with the used input dataset. This paper shows how a domain expert software development can benefit from HEP-Frame, and how it significantly improved the performance of analyses of large datasets produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. Two case studies are discussed: the associated production of top quarks together with a Higgs boson ($$t\bar{t}H$$tt¯H) at the LHC, and a double- and single-top quark productions at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC). Results show that the HEP-Frame awareness of the analysis code behaviour and structure, and the underlying hardware system, provides powerful and transparent parallelization mechanisms that largely improve the execution time of data analysis applications.
Coping With ‘Scanxiety’: Within-Person Processes in Lung Cancer
Authors: Dunsmore Victoria J. , Neupert Shevaun D. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients with early-stage lung cancer undergo potentially curative therapy, and continue to undergo regularly scheduled CT scans to determine if cancer has reappeared, spread, or stayed the same. This process can be fraught with anxiety, coined ‘Scanxiety’. The present study examined how coping and scan-related anxiety fluctuate within-person before one’s scan. Method: Twenty five individuals with lung cancer who had received curative intent treatment (M age = 62.33, [SD = 8.10], 96% women, 80% white) participated in the study, which had two parts. First, participants provided information about proactive coping and scan-related anxiety every 30 days. Next, a daily diary study was implemented for 7 consecutive days before their CT scan, as well as the day of their CT scan, where participants reported on their daily anticipatory coping and scan-related anxiety. The 25 participants provided 59 monthly and 146 daily surveys for analysis. Results: Multilevel models revealed significant main effects of monthly proactive coping on monthly scan-related anxiety, as well as daily anticipatory coping on daily scan-related anxiety. On months when participants decreased their use of proactive coping, they also reported decreases in scan-related anxiety for that month. On days when participants reported decreases in outcome fantasy and stagnant deliberation, they reported decreases in scan-related anxiety for that day. Finally, a significant interaction was found such that on days when middle-aged adults reported increases in problem analysis, they also reported increases in scan-related anxiety for that day. Conclusion: These findings are the first to characterize how participants’ coping and scanxiety fluctuate in the months and days prior to their CT scans. Results indicated that focusing on the present may be more beneficial in reducing scan-related anxiety rather than thinking about the future. Future work should implement strategies to reduce scanxiety by focusing on the present among those with lung cancer.
Comparative study of three vulcanization kinetic models for natural rubber/leather wastes composites
Authors: Urrego William , Guzmán Sánchez Manuel A , Giraldo Diego Hernán , Posada Correa Juan C , Rodríguez Ledezma Carlos Mario 
Published: March 2023

In this article, the effect of leather residues from chrome tanning on the vulcanization kinetics and rheometric properties of a natural rubber composite was evaluated using three kinetic models proposed in the literature. Leather wastes were classified according to their size as fine (smaller than 0.6 mm) or coarse (between 0.84 and 2 mm). Subsequently, they were chemically treated with a sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize their acidic nature derived from the tanning processes. The composites studied in this paper were obtained using a torque rheometer. Fine and coarse leather wastes were added to a natural rubber matrix in proportions of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 phr. The rheometric properties of all the composites were monitored during the curing process using a moving die rheometer. The addition of leather wastes increased the vulcanization time and stiffness of the composites; however, materials with fine leather wastes achieved lower vulcanization times than materials with coarse residues. The curves obtained during vulcanization rheometry were fitted to the three kinetic models, which made it possible to determine the kinetic parameters k and n. The fits for the three models were satisfactory based on the R-squared results. The values and trends of the kinetic parameters of each model were analyzed and related to the vulcanization phenomenon of each composite.
Teaching Students With a Mild Intellectual Disability to Respond to Strangers Using Computer-Based Video Instruction
Authors: Simmons Chelsey R. , Miller Rhonda D. , Uphold Nicole M. , Horn Suzanne E. 
Published: March 2023

Computer-based video instruction (CBVI) has been effective in teaching students with disabilities various health, community, and safety skills. Research suggests that CBVI is often used in conjunction with community-based instruction (CBI). Frequently, students with severe disabilities or students who are of high school age participate in CBI and/or CBVI and its accompanying research. This study investigated the effectiveness of CBVI to teach students with a mild ID, ages 11–13, appropriate responses to lures from strangers. A single-case, multiple probe across participants design was used to examine the impact of CBVI on one dependent variable, a correct two-step response (verbal and motor) to a lure from a stranger. The two-step response was adapted from the Akmanoglu & Tekin-Iftar (2011) study investigating responses to strangers. Data indicated that CBVI had a positive impact on all four participants. Participants also maintained the skill (up to 5 weeks) and generalized to a novel setting. Parents and teachers involved in the study also reported positive opinions regarding the aim and outcomes of the study. Implications for practice and for future research are provided.
Motor evoked potentials recorded from muscles versus nerves after lumbar stimulation in healthy subjects and patients with disc-root conflicts
Authors: Garasz Anna , Huber Juliusz , Grajek Magdalena , Daroszewski Przemysław 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The study aimed to describe properties and to prove diagnostic usefulness of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recordings from muscles versus nerves of lower extremities when induced at lumbar levels with magnetic field. Methods: Methodologically similar MEPs recordings from muscles and nerves of lower extremities were performed once in healthy volunteers ( N = 43) and patients with disc-root conflicts at lumbar spine levels ( N = 43, proven in MRI studies). Simultaneous electroneurographic (ENG) recordings following stimulation of peroneal nerves verified neural impulses transmission in motor fibers peripherally and at L5 ventral roots. Results: ENG studies in patients proven only moderate axonal type of peroneal nerves injury. The mean values of MEPs amplitudes recorded from nerves were significantly different from those recorded in anatomically related muscles, both in controls (1179.6 ± 451.2 vs 1718.3 ± 481.3) and patients (495.6 ± 275.9 vs 1218.2 ± 465.5) ( p = 0.0009–0.0000012); they are about 30% and 51% smaller, respectively. In both groups of subjects, latencies of MEPs recorded from nerves were shorter at about 3.0 ms and characterized by a slightly longer duration (3.0–5.0 ms) than those recorded from muscles. Results revealed positive correlations between decrease of amplitudes in sEMG and MEPs recordings from lower extremities muscles indicating consequences of pathology in neural transmission from spinal centers. Conclusions: Results of this study point to clear-cut characteristics of MEPs induced oververtebrally with the magnetic field in parameters recorded in healthy subjects and patients with consequences of chronic L4-L5 low back pain, which can be easily implemented in clinical practice. Non-invasive method of MEPs recorded from nerves can be helpful for diagnosing of patients with visible atrophic changes in muscles and simultaneous symptoms of only slight pathology in transmission of nerve impulses peripherally.
Are lay abstracts published in Autism readable enough for the general public? A short report
Authors: Yi Lan , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: March 2023

Lay abstracts are brief descriptions or summaries of research that are targeted at a general audience. They are held as an important means for the research community to provide greater transparency to the general public and to increase visibility of the pertinent research. This study aims to examine the extent to which lay abstracts published in the journal Autism are comprehensible to a lay audience in terms of readability measures. Results showed that lay abstracts published in Autism were more readable than their corresponding abstracts but were less readable than plain English texts (e.g. news reports). To our knowledge, this is probably the first comparative study on the readability of lay abstracts. Possible explanations for and implications of these findings were offered. Lay abstract Research papers are sometimes hard to follow. Lay abstracts give a short account of research papers. However, it is unclear whether lay abstracts are readable to the lay people. This study examined the readability of 570 abstracts and lay abstracts published between 2020 and 2022 in the journal Autism. We found that that lay abstracts are easier to read than abstracts but are harder to read than news reports. The findings suggest that lay abstracts, on average, are hard to read for the lay people. We propose that the journal and its authors may invite reviewers from outside the research community to test whether a lay abstract is readable.
Associations between COVID-19-related changes in the psychosocial work environment and mental health
Authors: Blomqvist Sandra , Virtanen Marianna , Westerlund Hugo , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Individuals’ lives have been substantially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe changes in psychosocial work environment and mental health and to investigate associations between job insecurity and mental ill-health in relation to changes in other psychosocial work factors, loneliness and financial worries. Methods: A sub-sample of individuals from the eighth Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health answered a web-based survey in early 2021 about current and pandemic-related changes in health, health behaviours, work and private life. We investigated participants working before the pandemic ( N=1231) in relation to standardised measures on depression, anxiety and loneliness, together with psychosocial work factors, in descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Results: While 9% reached the clinical threshold for depression and 6% for anxiety, more than a third felt more worried, lonelier or in a low mood since the start of the pandemic. Two per cent had been dismissed from their jobs, but 16% experienced workplace downsizings. Conditioning on socio-demographic factors and prior mental-health problems, the 8% experiencing reduced job security during the pandemic had a higher risk of anxiety, but not of depression, compared to employees with unaltered or increased job security. Loneliness and other psychosocial work factors explained more of the association than objective measures of job insecurity and financial worries. Conclusions: Reduced job security during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have increased the risk of anxiety among individuals with a strong labour market attachment, primarily via loneliness and other psychosocial work factors. This illustrates the potentially far-reaching effects of the pandemic on mental health in the working population.
The relationship between online communication and adolescents’ mental health: Long-term evaluation between genders
Authors: Birgisson Ottar , Hysing Mari , Eriksen Hege R. , Johannsson Erlingur , Gestsdottir Sunna 
Published: March 2023

Aims: In a relatively short time, online communication has become an important part of adolescents’ lives, and concerns have been raised about its potential effects on mental health. The first aim was to compare mental health status and online communication in 15-year-old Icelanders born in 1988 and in 1994. The second aim was to assess whether the relationship between online communication and mental health has changed among 15-year-old Icelanders from 2003 to 2015 across genders. Methods: Analysis used data from self-reports from 2003 ( N=385, 51% males) and 2015 ( N=302, 42% males). Mental health was assessed with subscales of Symptom Checklist 90 and online communications with self-reports. To evaluate the difference in anxiety and depression, a factorial analysis of variance was conducted between gender and years. Multigroup structural equation modelling was used to assess the change in the relationship between years. Results: Symptoms of anxiety and depression remained unchanged for males. Symptoms of depression increased for females, while anxiety was stable between 2003 and 2015. In 2003, there was no relationship between online communication and mental health. However, in 2015, an association was found for females. Conclusions: Depression is getting worse for adolescent females, and an association between time spent online communicating and mental health emerged for them in 2015, which did not exist in 2003. These findings add to the possibility that online communication is harmful for mental health, but more detailed studies are still needed.