bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ construction of ZIF-67 derived Mo2C@cobalt/carbon composites toward excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Yang Guorui , Wen Bo , Wang Yifan , Zhou Xinyu , Liu Xiaofeng , Ding Shujiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave (EM) absorption materials with multi-loss mechanisms and optimized impedance matching have attracted considerable attention as a means to combat the ever-increasing electromagnetic pollution. Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) with outstanding environmental stability and high conductivity is becoming popular as EM absorption materials. Herein, the CoMoO4@ZIF-67 precursor was synthesized by an in situ sacrificial template method, followed by calcining to synthesize porous Mo2C@cobalt/carbon (Mo2C@Co/C) composites. The homogeneously dispersed Mo2C and Co nanoparticles as well as the porous structures resulted from the novel in situ fabrication strategy could generate abundant interfaces and induce effective multi-loss mechanisms including polarization loss, conductivity loss, magnetic loss, and so on. The as-prepared optimal composite (Mo2C@Co/C-10) demonstrates superior electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance with a maximum reflection loss value of −37.9 dB at the matching thickness of 2.3 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.52 GHz was realized at 1.9 mm. The excellent EM wave absorption properties can be attributed to the good impedance matching, synergistic effects among different loss mechanisms, multiple reflection and scattering. This work not only developed an effective ternary EM absorption materials of Mo2C@Co/C, but also propose a facile in situ strategy to fabricate more highly- dispersed mecarbide-basedased materials.
Study of vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO in CO2–O2 plasmas under non-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Fromentin C , Silva T , Dias T C , Morillo-Candas A S , Biondo O , Guaitella O , Guerra V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work explores the effect of O2 addition on CO2 dissociation and on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO under various non-equilibrium plasma conditions. A self-consistent model, previously validated for pure CO2 discharges, is further extended by adding the vibrational kinetics of CO, including electron impact excitation and de-excitation (e-V), vibration-to-translation relaxation (V-T) and vibration-to-vibration energy exchange (V-V) processes. The vibrational kinetics considered include levels up to v = 10 for CO and up to v
1 = 2 and v
2 = v
3 = 5, respectively for the symmetric stretch, bending and asymmetric stretch modes of CO2, and accounts for e-V, V-T in collisions between CO, CO2 and O2 molecules and O atoms and V-V processes involving all possible transfers involving CO2 and CO molecules. The kinetic scheme is validated by comparing the model predictions with recent experimental data measured in a DC glow discharge ignited in pure CO2 and CO2–O2, operating at pressures in the range 0.4–5 Torr (53.33–666.66 Pa). The experimental results show a lower vibrational temperature of the different modes of CO2 and a decreased dissociation fraction of CO2 when O2 is added to the plasma but an increase of the vibrational temperature of CO. On the one hand, the simulations suggest that the former effect is the result of the stronger V-T energy-transfer collisions with O atoms which leads to an increase of the relaxation of the CO2 vibrational modes. On the other hand, two main mechanisms contribute to the lower CO2 dissociation fraction with increased O2 content in the mixture: the back reaction, CO(a3Πr) + O2 → CO2 + O and the recombinative detachment O− + CO → e + CO2.
3D printed multilayer dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Su Sen , He Tian , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been widely used as flexible materials owing to their advantages of large strain, high efficiency, high energy density, and fast response in soft robots, grippers, and various artificial muscles. However, dielectric elastomers (DEs) are generally spin-coated and fabricated. The fabrication process is very complicated and cannot be realized quickly or in large quantities. In this study, we investigated a DEA that can be used for rapid fabrication via three-dimensional (3D) printing. This DE material can be rapidly cured using ultraviolet light and exhibits good mechanical and electrical properties. The material was modified based on CN 9021 (acrylate), and by adjusting the weight ratio of the diluent and crosslinker in the ink, viscosity and optimal mechanical properties that can be fabricated by 3D printing were obtained. The modified ink was then tested by printing it on a self-designed 3D printing platform, and the fabrication process was analyzed and improved to successfully produce DEA. The 3D printed single layer DEA can achieve a tip displacement of about 7.6 mm at the voltage of 2.5 KV. Comparing the driving performance of the DEA made by spin coating with that made by 3D printing, the DEA made by both fabrication methods showed the same performance. This 3D printing method greatly simplifies the DEA fabrication process and improves fabrication efficiency.
Solving a generalized fractional diffusion equation with variable fractional order and moving boundary by two numerical methods: FDM vs FVM
Authors: Li Jia , Li Botong , Hu Yajing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, both the finite difference method (FDM) and the finite volume method (FVM) are employed to solve the fractional partial differential diffusion equation with temporal dimension and one spatial dimension. In this case, the boundary on the right of the domain is moving with time, while the variable fractional order is depicted as a function of both time and space. Special technique has been proposed to deal with the moving boundary which not only involves the computational difficulty and also accumulates the error. The accuracy and computational resource consumption of the two methods are compared in four designed cases with different functions of moving boundaries and fractional orders. The results show that the computation cost of FDM and FVM is almost the same in problems with one-dimensional space, but the accuracy of the FDM is higher than that of the FVM. Besides, compared with linear cases, the computational accuracy of both methods decreases significantly with nonlinear functions of fractional derivative and moving boundary.
Universal signatures of singularity-resolving physics in photon rings of black holes and horizonless objects
Authors: Eichhorn Astrid , Held Aaron , Johannsen Philipp-Vincent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Within quantum-gravity approaches and beyond, different mechanisms for singularity resolution in black holes exist. Under a set of assumptions that we spell out in detail, these mechanisms leave their imprint in shadow images of spherically symmetric black holes.
We find that even current EHT accuracy is sufficient to place nontrivial constraints on the scale of new physics within one modified spacetime, if the EHT measurement of M87* is combined with an independent measurement of the black-hole mass.
In other spacetimes, increased accuracy is required that the next-generation EHT may deliver.

We show how the combination of n = 1 and n = 2 photon rings is a powerful probe of the spacetime geometry of regular black holes, even when considering astrophysical uncertainties in accretion disks. Further, we generate images containing a localized emission region, inspired by the idea of hotspots in accretion flows.
Finally, we investigate the photon-ring structure of a horizonless object, which is characterized by either two or no photon spheres. We show how photon rings annihilate each other, when there is no photon sphere in the spacetime.
A 16-channel programmable SiPM bias supply system for Cherenkov telescope imaging camera
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Upadhya S.S. , Parmar N.K. , Ranjan M. , Nagesh B.K. , Gothe K.S. , Singh B.B. , Rao S.K. , Chitnis V. , Acharya B.S. , Bhatnagar V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have
emerged as a promising photodetector in various applications such as
high energy physics, nuclear physics and medical instruments. One
such application is in the pixelated camera of Imaging Atmospheric
Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). IACTs are used to detect very
high-energy celestial gamma rays using Atmospheric Cherenkov
Technique. The SiPM gain is proportional to the overvoltage which is
the difference between applied bias voltage and breakdown
voltage. As the SiPM breakdown voltage increases with temperature,
the overvoltage and hence the gain decreases proportionally
(2-3%/°C) at a constant applied bias voltage. Also, the actual bias
voltage across the SiPM changes with load current due to voltage
drop across a series resistor in SiPM bias circuit, thus causing a
change in overvoltage and gain. To maintain a constant gain of the
SiPM, the applied bias voltage need to be adjusted to compensate for
the changes in temperature and load. We are developing a 256-pixel
imaging camera with SiPM as its photo-sensor. The camera will be
placed at the focal point of telescope and will be operated during
night in outdoor environment at Hanle, Ladakh, India. The night
temperature at Hanle typically varies by ∼ 10°C overnight
and ∼ 40°C (-20°C to +20°C) over the
year. Thus, gain of SiPMs, exposed to the environment, may vary
considerably during observations. A prototype 8-channel bias supply
board with real time temperature & load compensation is developed
to operate the camera SiPMs at fixed gain throughout the observation
night.
The voltage range of the bias supply for each channel is from 10 V
to 80 V with 5 mV resolution and current upto 4 mA. The output
voltage and current can be monitored with a resolution of
∼ 5 mV and ∼ 0.3 μA respectively. The single board
computer, Raspberry Pi, is connected to the bias supply board over a
7-wire Customized Serial Peripheral Interface (CSPI) for control and
monitoring. A multi-channel SiPM bias supply system is realized by
daisy-chaining 8-channel boards through CSPI to cater bias voltage
to all the pixels of the camera. The system is operated remotely
using Ethernet interface of Raspberry-Pi. This paper discusses the
design, development and performance of the prototype 16-channel
closed-loop, programmable bias supply system with built-in
compensation for changes in temperature and load.
Deactivation of a steam reformer catalyst in chemical looping hydrogen systems: experiments and modeling
Authors: Stoppacher B , Lonardi F , Bock S , Bele M , Bertucco A , Hacker V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The utilization of real producer gases such as raw biogas or gasified wood for chemical looping hydrogen production implies the introduction of harmful contaminants into the process. Hydrogen sulfide represents one of the most challenging trace gases in the reformer steam iron cycle. The aim of the present work was an in-depth investigation of steam reforming with pure methane and synthetic biogas contaminated with selective concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. To validate the experimental data, the fixed-bed reactor system was modeled as one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous plug flow reactor by an adapted Maxted model. In a preliminary thermodynamic study, the dry equilibrium composition was determined within a deviation of 4% for steam methane reforming (SMR) and 2% for synthetic biogas reforming compared to the experimental results. The impact of hydrogen sulfide on the reactivity of the catalyst was characterized by the residual methane conversion. The deactivation rate and extent is directly proportional to the concentration of H2S, as higher hydrogen sulfide concentrations lead to a faster deactivation and lower residual methane conversion. A comparison of the methane conversion as a function of sulfur coverage between experimental and simulated data showed good agreement. The predicted results are within <10% deviation for SMR and synthetic biogas reforming, except for sulfur coverages between 0.6 and 0.8. The temperature in the catalyst bed was monitored throughout the deactivation process to gather additional information about the reaction behavior. It was possible to visualize the shift of the reforming reaction front towards the bottom of the reactor caused by catalyst deactivation. The impact of sulfur chemisorption on the morphology of the steam reformer catalyst was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) and Brunnauer–Emmet–Teller techniques. SEM patterns clearly indicated the presence of sulfur as a sort of dust on the surface of the catalyst, which was confirmed by EDS analysis with a sulfur concentration of 0.04 wt%.
Impact of mitigation measures to improve home indoor air quality in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Edwards Leslie , Wilkinson Paul , Rutter Gemma , Iverson Leslie , Milojevic Ai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Air purifiers (APs) and home sealing are interventions used to help protect U.S. diplomats against particle pollution in the home when working in polluted cities. We investigated the effect of these interventions on home indoor and personal PM2.5 exposure in Kathmandu, Nepal. Twenty-one participants underwent repeated 48 hour personal monitoring before and after intervention. We analyzed these measurements by microenvironment. Indoor-outdoor ratios (I/O) using the home indoor PM2.5 values were calculated in order to assess the air filtration capacity at home in light of increasing outdoor PM2.5 post-intervention. To quantify the effect of intervention on home indoor PM2.5, we conducted a meta-analysis of the results of dwelling-by-dwelling regression of indoor-on-outdoor (I/O) PM2.5 concentrations. On average, adding high-capacity APs and home sealing led to a 15% decrease in PM2.5 measured at home, excluding cooking periods, with a mean (standard deviation) of 7.5 (6.4) μg m−3 pre- to 6.4 (8.1) μg m−3 post-intervention despite a 57% increase in outdoor PM2.5, from 43.8 (30.8) μg m−3 pre- to 68.9 (40.7) μg m−3 post-intervention. Overall mean personal exposure fell by 36% from 15.2 (10.6) μg m−3 to 9.8 (8.7) μg m−3. I/O ratios decreased as outdoor PM2.5 strata increased; when outdoor PM2.5 < 25 μg m−3 the I/O decreased from 0.38 pre- to 0.12 post-intervention and when outdoor PM2.5 was 101–200 μg m−3 the I/O decreased from 0.12 pre- to 0.07 post-intervention. The mean regression slope of indoor-on-outdoor PM2.5 decreased from 0.13 (95% CI 0.09, 0.17) in pre-intervention dwellings to 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) post-intervention. I/O ratios showed a weak negative (not statistically significant) inverse association with air changes per hour at home. In the high pollution environment of Kathmandu, APs with home sealing provide substantial protection against ambient PM2.5 in the home environment, including during periods when outdoor PM2.5 concentration was above 100 μg m−3.
Preprint Highlight: LRRK2 Suppresses Lysosome Degradative Activity in Macrophages and Microglia via Transcription Factor E3 Inhibition
Authors: Mantegazza Adriana R. 
Published: January 2023

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) that increase kinase activity are associated with some forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While increased LRRK2 activity is linked to impaired lysosomal function, the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using mutant mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages and microglia, the authors show an inverse correlation between LRRK2 activity and the mRNA levels of lysosomal hydrolases and cathepsins responsible for lysosomal proteolytic activity. Notably, the abundance and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor TFE3, one of the master lysosomal gene expression regulators, was found to be inhibited by LRRK2. This study reveals a new player that links LRRK2 to lysosomal function and positions the TFE family as a potentially promising target in the pathogenesis of PD. This preprint has been assigned the following badges: New Hypothesis, Cross-Species, New Materials, Cross-Validation. Read the preprint on bioRxiv ( Yadavalli and Ferguson, 2022 ): https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.17.520834 .
Barriers and Strategies for Hepatitis B and C Elimination in Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Huma , Mahmood Hassan , Sabry Ahmed , Hermez Joumana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Pakistan has a high hepatitis burden for both hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). To achieve World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 targets for hepatitis elimination, there is a need to constitute progress in the country, find the barriers and strategies for HCV elimination, and take actions to address the gaps.

Methods
We collected data from (1) WHO estimates in 2020, (2) midterm review questionnaire of the WHO regional action plan, and (3) WHO estimates on immunization. We analyzed these data to inform (1) the burden defined as prevalence and mortality and (2) response in 3 thematic areas: governance, policy, and finance; strategic information; and service delivery.

Results
The prevalence of hepatitis B in the general population is 1.6% with 12 000 deaths/year. The prevalence of hepatitis C in the general population is 7.5% with 19 000 deaths and 545 000 new cases (incidence)/year. The selected indicators to monitor progress on viral hepatitis in Pakistan were governance and financing, policies and guidelines, and strategic information. The overall governance indicators are good with a focal point, a national hepatitis strategy, an operational plan, strategy for price reduction, and involvement of civil society but the costed action plan and the advocacy strategy are missing. The indicators on policies and guidelines are also adequately addressed. The hepatitis B and C testing and treatment guidelines are available, there is a policy to screen all blood donations, and there is an injection safety policy, but the policy for timely hepatitis B vaccine birth dose and hepatitis B vaccination for the vulnerable is missing. Both indicators regarding strategic information, that is measures of key hepatitis indicators and regular data review, are missing. The status of 5 key interventions in Pakistan show that the hepatitis B vaccination coverage is 74% and only 3% of newborn children are given the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose. Only 22% of HCV cases have been diagnosed and 2% have received treatment. Treatment response is 96%. Same-day testing and treatment of hepatitis C reduced the overall dropout rate and improved the cascade of care. Decentralization and task shifting are important tools to improve service delivery and reach communities. Finances to implement hepatitis elimination is a major barrier.

Conclusions
Pakistan has the highest hepatitis disease burden. With the current pace, hepatitis elimination appears impossible. Introduction of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine and improving access and affordability of testing can improve the testing and treatment numbers. Finances need to be mobilized from within the country and outside to support disease elimination.
Age and gender differences in symptom experience and health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Veltkamp Denise M J , Wang Yiman , Meuleman Yvette , Dekker Friedo W , Michels Wieneke M , van der Boog Paul J M , de Vries Aiko P J 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an increasingly important patient-reported outcome in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study explored relationships between symptom prevalence and burden with HRQOL, and age and gender differences in symptom experience.MethodsEligible Dutch KTRs transplanted in Leiden University Medical Center were invited for this cross-sectional study. HRQOL, and occurrence and burden of 62 symptoms were measured using validated questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used for investigating the associations of symptom experience with mental and physical HRQOL, and differences in symptom experience between genders and KTRs of diverse age groups.ResultsA total of 631 KTRs were analyzed; the mean (standard deviation) age was 61.3 (11.3) years, and 62% were male. The median (interquartile range) number of symptoms was 14 (7–22), with a burden of 20 (8–37; range 0–244). Per extra symptom, physical and mental HRQOL decreased [–0.41 (–0.50; –0.31) and –0.51 (–0.59; –0.42), respectively, P &lt; .001]. Most occurring symptoms were bruises, tiredness, lack of energy, urge to urinate at night and dry skin. Sexual problems were considered most burdensome. Female KTRs reported more symptoms than men. Amongst others, younger KTRs experienced more (18–50 &gt; 50–65 ≥65 years) feelings of depression and both female and younger KTRs reported higher symptom prevalence concerning changes in physical appearance.ConclusionKRTs’ symptom experience differed depending on gender and age, highlighting the need to develop tailored treatment strategies to reduce symptom experience and subsequently improve HRQOL.
Non-Catholic Observers at Vatican II
Authors: De Mey Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There are several ways to discuss the role of the observers at Vatican II. This chapter will follow a chronological approach that focuses on the immediate reactions and contributions of the observers during the sessions and intersessions. Over four years, the Secretariat for Christian Unity invited an ever-expanding group of non-Catholic observers and guests to participate in the council. They attended the public sessions and general congregations but could not participate in commission meetings. They had many opportunities to share their views on the draft documents and reported on the event of the council and on the different documents in confidential reports that were communicated to their sending bodies. The study of this material helps us to better understand the expectations and concerns of non-Catholic theologians regarding this important attempt to renew the Catholic Church and its theology.
The Reception of Vatican II by Anglicans
Authors: Chapman Mark D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by charting the origins of the Church of England in the anti-Romanism that grew from the Reformation and became a key aspect of English identity. After describing the limited relations between Anglicans and Catholics in the years leading up to Vatican II, it goes on to discuss the visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher in 1960, which set a new direction for ecumenism. Charting the impact of the Anglican observers during the council, it notes the importance of the explicit recognition of Anglicanism as a distinct form of church for Anglican self-definition. This led to close relationships between Archbishop Michael Ramsey and Paul VI, symbolized by the pope’s gift of an episcopal ring during Ramsey’s visit to Rome in 1966, and to the inauguration of the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) process, one of the most productive of the ecumenical dialogues emerging from the council.