bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connection between steep radio spectral slopes and dust extinction in QSOs: evidence for outflow-driven shocks in dusty QSOs
Authors: Fawcett V A , Harrison C M , Alexander D M , Morabito L K , Kharb P , Rosario D J , Baghel Janhavi , Ghosh Salmoli , Sasikumar Silpa , Petley J , Sargent C , Calistro Rivera G 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have found a striking positive correlation between the amount of dust obscuration and enhanced radio emission in quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). However, what causes this connection remains unclear. In this paper we analyse uGMRT Band-3 (400 MHz) and Band-4 (650 MHz) data of a sample of 38 1.0 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 QSOs with existing high-resolution $0{_{.}^{\prime\prime}} 2$ e-MERLIN 1.4 GHz imaging. In combination with archival radio data, we have constructed sensitive 4–5 band radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs) across 0.144–3 GHz to further characterize the radio emission in dusty QSOs. We find that the dusty QSOs [those with $E(B-V)$ &gt; 0.1 mag] are more likely to exhibit steep spectral slopes ($\alpha$ &lt; $-0.5$; S $\propto$ $\nu ^{\alpha }$) than the non-dusty QSOs [$E(B-V)$ &lt; 0.1 mag], with fractions of 46$\pm$12 and 12$\pm$4 per cent, respectively. A higher fraction of the non-dusty QSOs have peaked radio SEDs (48$\pm$9 per cent) compared to the dusty QSOs (23$\pm$8 per cent). We discuss the origin of the radio emission, finding that the majority of the peaked, predominantly non-dusty, QSOs have consistent sizes and luminosities with compact jetted radio galaxies. However, the connection between steepness and dust obscuration implies an outflow-driven shock origin for the enhanced radio more commonly found in dusty QSOs. These results add to the emerging picture whereby dusty QSOs are in an earlier blow-out phase, with shocks that heat and destroy the surrounding dust, eventually revealing a typical non-dusty QSO.
Evidence that pre-processing in filaments drives the anisotropic quenching of satellite galaxies in massive clusters
Authors: Stephenson H M O , Stott J P , Butler J , Webster M , Head J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 11 $z\approx 0.2\!-\!0.5$ ($z_{\text{med.}} = 0.36$) galaxy clusters from the Cluster Lensing And Supernovae survey with Hubble to analyse the angular dependence of satellite galaxy colour $(B-R)$ and passive galaxy fraction ($f_{\text{pass.}}$) with respect to the major axis of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). This phenomenon has been dubbed as ‘anisotropic quenching’, ‘angular conformity’ or ‘angular segregation’, and it describes how satellite galaxies along the major axis of the BCG are more likely to be quenched than those along the minor axis. A highly significant anisotropic quenching signal is found for satellites, with a peak in $(B-R)$ and $f_{\text{pass.}}$ along the major axis. We are the first to measure anisotropic quenching out to cluster-centric radii of $3R_{200}$ ($R_{200\text{, med.}} \approx 933$$\mathrm{k}\text{pc}$). We find that the signal is significant out to at least $2.5R_{200}$, and the amplitude of the signal peaks at $\approx 1.25R_{200}$. This is the first time a radial peak of the anisotropic quenching signal has been measured directly. We suggest that this peak could be caused by a build-up of backsplash galaxies at this radius. Finally, we find that $f_{\text{pass.}}$ is significantly higher along the major axis for fixed values of local surface density. The density drops less rapidly along the major axis and so satellites spend more time being pre-processed here compared to the minor axis. We therefore conclude that pre-processing in large-scale structure, and not active galactic nuclei outflows, is the cause of the anisotropic quenching signal in massive galaxy clusters, however, this may not be the cause in lower mass haloes.
Allostery and Evolution: A Molecular Journey Through the Structural and Dynamical Landscape of an Enzyme Super Family
Authors: Coquille Sandrine , Pereira Caroline Simões , Roche Jennifer , Santoni Gianluca , Engilberge Sylvain , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Girard Eric , Sterpone Fabio , Madern Dominique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Allosteric regulation is a powerful mechanism for controlling the efficiency of enzymes. Deciphering the evolutionary mechanisms by which allosteric properties have been acquired in enzymes is of fundamental importance. We used the malate (MalDH) and lactate deydrogenases (LDHs) superfamily as model to elucidate this phenomenon. By introducing a few of mutations associated to the emergence of allosteric LDHs into the non-allosteric MalDH from Methanopyrus kandleri, we have gradually shifted its enzymatic profile toward that typical of allosteric LDHs. We first investigated the process triggering homotropic activation. The structures of the resulting mutants show the typical compact organization of the R-active state of LDHs, but a distorted (T-like) catalytic site demonstrating that they corresponds to hybrid states. Molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations confirmed the capability of these mutants to sample the T-inactive state. By adding a final single mutation to fine-tune the flexibility of the catalytic site, we obtained an enzyme with both sigmoid (homotropic) and hyperbolic (heterotropic) substrate activation profiles. Its structure shows a typical extended T-state as in LDHs, whereas its catalytic state has as a restored configuration favorable for catalysis. Free energy calculations indicate that the T and R catalytic site configurations are in an equilibrium that depends on solvent conditions. We observed long-range communication between monomers as required for allosteric activation. Our work links the evolution of allosteric regulation in the LDH/MDH superfamily to the ensemble model of allostery at molecular level, and highlights the important role of the underlying protein dynamics.
Temporal merging into pitch with click train in the macaque auditory cortex
Authors: Song Peirun , Xu Haoxuan , Ye Hangting , Du Xinyu , Zhai Yuying , Bao Xuehui , Huang Qianyue , mehmood Ishrat , Tanigawa Hisashi , Niu Wanqiu , Tu Zhiyi , Chen Pei , Zhang Tingting , Zhao Xuan , Yu Xiongjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Temporal integration stands as a cornerstone of auditory perception, yet its underlying neural mechanisms have remained relatively elusive. The intricate process by which discrete auditory stimuli integrate into cohesive perception is defined as “temporal merging” in this study. We use a paradigm, the transitional click train, to probe the intricacies of temporal merging within the auditory cortex. The protocol underscores a robust change response in an adapted auditory cortex upon introducing a perceptual switch between distinct pitches. Our findings delineate four pivotal determinants that modulate this change response: train duration, Inter-Click Interval (ICI) length, ICI contrast, and train regularity. Comparative analyses between the Auditory Cortex (AC) and the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) underscore a cortical origin for this temporal merging, diverging from traditional thalamic inputs. Furthermore, the change response's clinical potential is explored, demonstrating its promise as a biomarker in anesthesia monitoring and psychiatric conditions. Collectively, this research elucidates the neuronal underpinnings of temporal integration in auditory perception, provides initial evidence for the neuronal mechanisms underlying pitch perception with click trains, and introduces a potent paradigm with vast clinical implications.
Liver transplantation for colorectal cancer with liver metastases
Authors: Ueberroth Benjamin E , Kriss Michael , Burton James R , Messersmith Wells A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the last decade, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for liver transplantation in colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Additionally, advances in donor organ preservation have expanded organ availability affording the opportunity to expand indications for liver transplantation, such as colorectal cancer with unresectable liver metastases. Current data support comparable overall survival (OS) for liver transplantation for colorectal cancer with liver metastases compared with general liver transplantation recipients. Supported by this data, in the United States, allocation policy is changing to include deceased donor livers for patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Available studies to date demonstrate improved outcomes with primary tumor R0 resection, 6-12 months of pretransplantation chemotherapy, and careful radiologic restaging (including positron emission tomography/computed tomography) to confirm lack of extrahepatic disease. A response to pretransplantation chemotherapy is a key predictor of long-term outcomes and progression during chemotherapy appears to be a contraindication to proceeding to transplant. A carcinoembryonic antigen level ≤80 µg/L and largest liver tumor dimension &lt;5.5 cm are both associated with improved progression-free and OS in the available literature. Liver transplantation for colorectal cancer with unresectable liver metastases is associated with longer progression-free and OS compared with chemotherapy alone. Patient selection based on imaging, laboratory, and clinical findings is critical to identify patients most likely to benefit. Liver transplantation should be considered at all centers with an active transplant program to improve outcomes for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Select updates from ASCO and ESMO 2024 for gastrointestinal cancer care
Authors: Jang Tim , Kim George P , George Thomas J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remain the culprit behind a substantial portion of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and outcomes for patients with advanced or metastatic GI cancers remain poor despite continued efforts to improve care. In 2024, the ongoing clinical trials to optimize and improve GI cancer care showcased progress in molecular diagnostics, systemic therapies, and localized treatment approaches, providing hope for continued progress toward improved patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods
This review summarizes selected updates in GI cancer care from the 2024 ASCO and ESMO Annual Meetings, including both positive and negative trials that, while not universally practice-changing, contribute to shaping GI cancer care, clinical management, or address key questions in the field. The selected trials cover early detection and diagnostic advances, perioperative management, metastatic disease management, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)’s emerging role in GI cancer.

Results
Various clinical trials in perioperative management and their results continue to reshape or strengthen the current treatment paradigms. The use of ICIs for microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CRC) presented a notable advancement with the potential to improve patient outcomes. Localized treatments such as thermal ablation appear to benefit some patients with CRC and liver metastases.

Conclusions
The collection of trial results presented at the 2024 ASCO and ESMO Annual Meetings denote the ongoing efforts of the medical and scientific community for optimizing GI cancer care. The ongoing efforts of the GI cancer research and patient community provide hope for continued progress toward improved patient outcomes and new standards of care.
From disorganized data to emergent dynamic models: Questionnaires to partial differential equations
Authors: Sroczynski David W , Kemeth Felix P , Georgiou Anastasia S , Coifman Ronald R , Kevrekidis Ioannis G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Starting with sets of disorganized observations of spatially varying and temporally evolving systems, obtained at different (also disorganized) sets of parameters, we demonstrate the data-driven derivation of parameter dependent, evolutionary partial differential equation (PDE) models capable of generating the data. This tensor type of data is reminiscent of shuffled (multidimensional) puzzle tiles. The independent variables for the evolution equations (their “space” and “time”) as well as their effective parameters are all emergent, i.e. determined in a data-driven way from our disorganized observations of behavior in them. We use a diffusion map based questionnaire approach to build a smooth parametrization of our emergent space/time/parameter space for the data. This approach iteratively processes the data by successively observing them on the “space,” the “time” and the “parameter” axes of a tensor. Once the data become organized, we use machine learning (here, neural networks) to approximate the operators governing the evolution equations in this emergent space. Our illustrative examples are based (i) on a simple advection–diffusion model; (ii) on a previously developed vertex-plus-signaling model of Drosophila embryonic development; and (iii) on two complex dynamic network models (one neuronal and one coupled oscillator model) for which no obvious smooth embedding geometry is known a priori. This allows us to discuss features of the process like symmetry breaking, translational invariance, and autonomousness of the emergent PDE model, as well as its interpretability.
Using contribution mapping to evaluate the research impact of Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Coombs Sarah K , Meister-Broekema Peter , Meijer Ingeborg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research conducted by Universities of Applied Sciences (UASs) is frequently driven by professional practice where researchers are challenged with finding solutions to real-life problems. These real-life solutions are significantly enhanced by the participation of stakeholders. Through this inclusion and the resulting interactions, activities, and knowledge transfer, between the stakeholder and research(ers), impacts occur at a micro level. Micro impacts are the normal impacts that occur during the research process through interactions between researchers and stakeholders, that facilitate an unexpected and unplanned effect, be it positive or negative (Lykke et al. 2023, Mapping Research Activities and Societal Impact by Taxonomy of Indicators: Uniformity and Diversity across Academic Fields, Journal of Documentation, 79: 1049–70). Contribution analysis has been recognized as a viable method for evaluating micro impacts. One recognized contribution analysis framework is Kok and Schuit’s (2012, Contribution Mapping: A Method for Mapping the Contribution of Research to Enhance Its Impact, Health Research Policy and Systems, 10: 21) Contribution Mapping. It is also one of the frameworks acknowledged as conforming to several of the recommendations for evaluating UAS research impact. However, to do justice to the nature of Practice Oriented research, a new framework is needed. The purpose of this article is to test how Contribution Mapping works in real-life to answer the question: What can we learn from Contribution Mapping as an impact evaluation tool for a future UAS specific research impact evaluation framework? This article will examine the specificity of UAS research, the relevance of Contribution Mapping for evaluating UAS research, and the theoretical and practical implications of Contribution Mapping. Through inductive analysis conducted on information gleaned from interviews and focus groups, observations, challenges, and limitations are identified, and modifications suggested to take into consideration for a new framework.
Off-label use of biologics in urticarial vasculitis: a European retrospective cohort study
Authors: Maisonobe Lucas , Korganow Anne-Sophie , Berti Alvise , Deroux Alban , Dupin Nicolas , Aractingi Selim , Emmi Giacomo , Vandergheynst Frederic , Fabre Marc , Kluger Nicolas , Roux Marielle , Abisror Noémie , Benyamine Audrey , Cassone Giulia , Chasset François , Doutre Marie-Sylvie , Foucher Aurélie , Freguin Caroline , Gobert Delphine , Gombeir Yannick , Hernandez-Rodriguez José , Legouellec Noémie , Pinault Anne-Lise , Titeca Dimitri , Jachiet Marie , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is characterized by atypical urticarial lesions and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, sometimes with extracutaneous manifestations. First-line treatment is based on colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, dapsone or low-dose glucocorticoids. In refractory forms, the use of biologics has been anecdotally described as potentially effective. We aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with UV.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective European multicentre study including patients with hypocomplementemic or normocomplementemic UV who received at least one biologic, including anti-CD20, anti-IgE and/or IL1-targeted therapy, from 2008 to 2021. We analyzed clinical and biological characteristics as well as efficacy and safety of the biologics.

Results
Forty-one patients receiving 52 therapeutic sequences were analyzed, including rituximab in 23, IL1-targeted therapy in 16 and anti-IgE in 13 cases. UV was hypocomplementemic in 24 (59%) cases. Biologics were used in median in 5th line of treatment, in combination with glucocorticoids in 75%. After a median follow-up of 25 (IQR 12–43) months, the cutaneous response was complete in 40%, partial in 37% and inadequate in 23%. Glucocorticoid discontinuation was achieved in 34% of patients. Serious adverse events, mainly infectious, were observed in 7 (17%) patients.

Conclusion
Biologics are an effective and rather well-tolerated treatment option for UV that are refractory to conventional therapies.
Machine Learning-based Cluster Analysis Identifies Three Unique Phenotypes of Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity With Distinct Clinical Profiles and Long-term Recovery Trajectory
Authors: Cui Peng , Wang Peng , Wang Shuaikang , Han Di , Huang Qingyang , Wang Wei , Chen Xiaolong , Lu Shibao 
Published: January 2025

Study design:
A retrospective review of a prospective adult spinal deformity data.

Objective:
To identify distinct patient clinical profiles and recovery trajectories in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Summary of Background Data:
Patients with ASD exhibit a diverse array of symptoms and significant heterogeneity in clinical presentations, posing challenges to precise clinical decision-making. Accurate patient selection may provide further insight to personalized management strategies.

Methods:
Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to determine possible patient phenotype. Goodness-of-fit indices were used to determine the optimal cluster profiles. Outcome differences were evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and subsequent post hoc Tukey’s test, while significant predictors of group membership were identified through multinomial logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 204 ASD patients (mean age of 60.3 ± 11.8 years, comprising 62.3% females) with complete 1-year and 2-year follow-up outcome were included. LPA identified three phenotypes: 51 patients in phenotype 1, 73 patients in phenotype 2 and 80 patients in phenotype 3, respectively. Each phenotype exhibited a unique symptom profile and distinct functional recovery trajectories. Patients in phenotype 3, although demonstrated the worst Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22r) domains at baseline, patients in this cluster exhibited the most substantial Δchange in SRS-22r domains except for self-image at both 1-year and 2-year follow-up. Remarkably, a relative large proportion of patients (58.8%) who were dissatisfied at 1-year follow-up transited to satisfied at 2-year follow-up. Advanced age, longer symptom duration, severe preoperative pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, higher preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA), fusion extending to sacrum/pelvis and grade ≥ 3 osteotomy predicted membership in the phenotype 3.

Conclusions:
LPA enabled the delineation of three distinct phenotypes among ASD patients, each characterized by unique clinical profiles and distinct long-term recovery trajectories. By pinpointing the crucial variables that uniquely distinguish and predict membership in different phenotypes, the study provides valuable guidance for patient stratification.
Efficacy and safety of Matricaria chamomilla intervention in managing menopausal symptoms: a triple-blind clinical trial
Authors: Mohsenzadeh-Ledari Farideh , Agajani Delavar Mouloud , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Khafri Soraya , Bekhradi Reza , Behmanesh Fereshteh , Yazdani Shahla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Menopausal symptoms can significantly impact women's quality of life. Herbal interventions like Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) have been suggested as potential remedies. However, their efficacy and safety remain underexplored.

Methods
This triple-blind clinical trial enrolled 80 postmenopausal women meeting specific criteria. Inclusion criteria included participants in early or late perimenopause, defined by a symptom score >15, FSH levels >40, or 2 years since menopause, with no significant comorbidities. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and placebo groups. In a triple-blind clinical trial with 80 postmenopausal women (aged 47‐62) from Babol City Health Center, participants were randomly assigned to receive either chamomile (100 mg capsules with 1.2% apigenin, four times daily) or a placebo over 12 weeks. Symptoms of menopause were assessed using the Australian Menopause Association's Scorecard Symptom Questionnaire. Over 12 weeks, they received either chamomile or placebo capsules, with side effect assessments every 4 weeks.

Results
Notable differences were found between the intervention and control groups in the overall scores on the symptom scorecard from baseline to 12 weeks' postintervention (−10.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], −13.84 to −6.92; P < 0.001). Specific subscores also improved in the intervention group: vasomotor (−2.25; 95% CI, −3.09 to −1.42; P < 0.001), psychological (−3.74; 95% CI, −5.29 to −2.20; P < 0.001), locomotor (−2.70; 95% CI, −3.63 to −1.77; P < 0.001), and urological (−1.89; 95% CI, −2.77 to −1.00; P < 0.001). Both groups showed significant changes in total symptom scores over time (P < 0.001). Two participants experienced side effects, including mouth sores, skin spots, and itching, in the chamomile group, which led to their dropping out of the study.

Conclusions
Chamomile intervention shows promise in alleviating menopausal symptoms, but its use warrants caution due to associated side effects. Further research is necessary to optimize dosage and mitigate adverse reactions for safer and more effective management of menopausal symptoms.
Words to Avoid During Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Surgery to Enhance Patient Experience
Authors: Brutus Jean Paul , Barone Natasha , Stolberg Kira , Russell Patricia , Lalonde Donald H. 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
In the evolving landscape of ambulatory surgery, wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) surgery has emerged as a preferred approach due to its efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. This paradigm shift places the patient at the center of intraoperative communication, requiring a significant change in the dialogue within the operating room (OR). Traditional conversations, which often exclude the unconscious patient, must evolve to accommodate and prioritize the psychological comfort of the conscious patient. This article examines the impact of language, tone, and conversation content on the patient experience during WALANT. We propose a communication framework that emphasizes empathy, reassurance, and patient inclusion to reduce anxiety and increase patient compliance. By analyzing common OR dialogues and their potential impact on awake patients, we identify specific phrases and words that may exacerbate patient stress or discomfort. Alternatives are suggested to foster a more positive and inclusive environment. Our recommendations are based on extensive clinical experience and supported by relevant literature, highlighting the critical role of mindful communication in improving clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in WALANT.