bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4886: PARP-1 and γ-GCS inhibitors enhance platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer
Authors: Devi Luxmi , Sharma Ashok , Kumar Lalit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the most important cause of gynaecological cancer-related mortality globally. Approximately 80% of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage (FIGO stage III-IV) of ovarian cancer. The standard treatment approach for advanced EOC is primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy using taxanes plus platinum. Resistance to platinum based chemo remains a key reason for treatment failure in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therapeutic efficacy of Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Gamma-glutamyl cysteine Synthetase (γ-GCS)inhibitors in ovarian cancer remains undefined, either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin.
Material and Methods: We determined the combined effect of PJ34 (PARP1 inhibitor) and BSO (Buthionine-sulfoximine- (γ-GCS inhibitor) with cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVSAHO, KURAMOCHI, and IGROV1) by MTT assay. PARP1 and GCS levels were analyzed by western blotting. We employed flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis as well as for apoptosis studies. Analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism-6. Results were considered to be statistically significant when p value was &lt; 0.05.
Results and Conclusion: Combination of cisplatin with PJ34 and BSO augmented cisplatin toxicity in vitro by decreasing cell proliferation and enhancing cell cycle block and cell death when compared with either single agent. A significant cell death (p= &lt;0.05) was observed with the combination of cisplatin, BSO and PJ34.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provide experimental evidence on the combined effect of PARP-1 and GCS inhibition on CDDP-induced cytotoxicity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. We propose that PARP-1and BSO inhibitors can be combined with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as CDDP to enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and inhibit key signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Future comprehensive studies are needed to demonstrate further validation of above combination.
Keywords: Ovarian Cancer, cisplatin, PARP-1, PJ34, γ -GCS, β-actin, Glutathione.
Abbreviations: Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC), cisplatin (CDDP), Glutathione (GSH), Gamma Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase (γ-GCS), Poly (ADP ribosyl) polymerase-1 (PARP1), Nucleotide excision repair (NER),homologous repair (HR), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Buthionine Sulfoximine (BSO), Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), Peripheral Blood (PB). Propidium Iodide(PI).
Citation Format: Luxmi Devi, Ashok Sharma, Lalit Kumar. PARP-1 and γ-GCS inhibitors enhance platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4886.
Abstract 4894: The anti-ROR1 ADC STRO-003 demonstrates immune-modulating properties that may enhance checkpoint blockade
Authors: Yam Alice , Kiefel Helena , McGeehan Andrew , Yuan Robert , Zhou Sihong , Moreira Dayson , Dutta Indrani , Li Xiaofan , Tran Cuong , Yin Gang , Bedard Kristin , Hallam Trevor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is growing evidence that tumor-targeted cytotoxins can also enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells and promoting recruitment of immune effector cells. We sought to investigate the immune stimulating potential of STRO-003, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) composed of an anti-Receptor Orphan Receptor Kinase 1 (ROR1) antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase I targeted exatecan warhead via a cleavable linker. ROR1 is an oncofetal transmembrane receptor with restricted expression in normal tissues. Its overexpression in several cancer indications has been described, including in ovarian, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and hematological malignancies, thus making it an ideal ADC target. We have previously demonstrated potent in vivo activity of STRO-003 in a panel of ROR1-expressing lung cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Here we show that the exatecan warhead, SC3386, and STRO-003 ADC induced ICD in vitro as evidenced by presentation of cell-surface calreticulin and release of HMGB1. Consistent with this finding, STRO-003-treated cells elicited monocyte activation in a PBMC co-culture assay. To determine if these immunogenic properties could improve therapeutic efficacy, we evaluated STRO-003 in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in a mouse syngeneic model expressing ROR1. We have demonstrated that STRO-003 in combination with checkpoint inhibition significantly enhances efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model and supports durable anti-tumor immunity. Follow-up vaccination studies were performed to further explore the significance of STRO-003-induced ICD and protective immunity in vivo. These results demonstrate that tumor cells pre-treated with STRO-003 or SC3386 undergo potent immunogenic cell damage which can, in turn, mount protective immunity in vivo.
Citation Format: Alice Yam, Helena Kiefel, Andrew McGeehan, Robert Yuan, Sihong Zhou, Dayson Moreira, Indrani Dutta, Xiaofan Li, Cuong Tran, Gang Yin, Kristin Bedard, Trevor Hallam. The anti-ROR1 ADC STRO-003 demonstrates immune-modulating properties that may enhance checkpoint blockade. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4894.
Abstract 5081: Anti-tumor activity of HPN217, a BCMA-targeting tri-specific T cell engager, is enhanced by γ-secretase inhibitors in preclinical models
Authors: Laurie Payton C. , Molloy Mary Ellen , Ng Patrick P. , Anand Banmeet S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
HPN217 is a Tri-specific T Cell-Activating Construct (TriTAC) currently being evaluated in a phase 1 clinical trial for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) (NCT04184050). It consists of a single domain antibody (sdAb) specific for B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a serum albumin-specific sdAb for half-life extension, and a single chain Fv (scFv) specific for the CD3ε subunit of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex for T cell engagement. BCMA is a cell surface receptor highly expressed on malignant plasma cells in MM patients and plays an important role in B-cell proliferation and survival. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA) is produced when the extracellular domain of BCMA is cleaved by γ-secretase and enters circulation. sBCMA may act as a sink for BCMA targeted therapies, potentially decreasing anti-tumor efficacy. Previous studies have shown γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) can increase membrane bound BCMA expression on MM cells and decrease sBCMA concentrations, providing a rationale for combining GSIs with HPN217. Here we describe preclinical studies evaluating that combination in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the effects of GSIs on BCMA expression, MM cell lines MOLP8, KMS-12-BM, and MM.1S were incubated with GSIs LY3039478, PF03084014, or RO4929097overnight. GSI treatment led to a 3-7-fold increase in BCMA expression on MM cell surface. To determine the effects of increased BCMA expression mediated by GSIs on the activity of HPN217, an in vitro T cell dependent cell cytotoxicity assay (TDCC) was conducted. GSIs enhanced the activity of HPN217, in some cases leading to a 3.5-fold increase in potency compared to HPN217 alone. Next, the impact of the combination was tested in vivo using a disseminated MOLP-8 xenograft model engrafted with T cells from a healthy human donor. Vehicle treated mice succumbed to disease burden with a median survival of 23 days as assessed by body weight loss and clinical observations. A suboptimal dose of 4 ug/kg HPN217 protected mice from disease burden for an additional 3 days. By contrast, the combination of HPN217 and LY3039478 led to a significant increase in survival compared to vehicle or either monotherapy, with a median survival of 43 days. Taken together these results demonstrate the potential utility of GSIs to enhance the anti-tumor activity of HPN217 and supports further investigation of this combinatorial approach in patients.
Citation Format: Payton C. Laurie, Mary Ellen Molloy, Patrick P. Ng, Banmeet S. Anand. Anti-tumor activity of HPN217, a BCMA-targeting tri-specific T cell engager, is enhanced by γ-secretase inhibitors in preclinical models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5081.
Abstract 5215: Clinical features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome in Korea
Authors: Song Ran , Lee Seeyoun , Han Jai Hong , Woo Jae Yeon , Lee Min Jung , Kang Han-Sung , Park Sunhwa , Lee Eun-Gyeong , Kong Sun Young , Jung So-Youn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder caused by a germline mutation in the TP53 gene. Because of the rarity of the disease, there were limited data on the types of the mutation, clinical features and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis in Korean patients with germline TP53 gene mutation.
Methods: Patients who underwent genetic counseling and confirmed with TP53 gene mutation in National Cancer Center in Korea between 2011 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on family history with pedigree, types of mutation, clinical features and prognosis were collected.
Results: Fourteen patients with LFS were included in the study. Missense mutations were shown in 13 cases and nonsense mutation in 1 case. The repeated mutations were p.Arg273His (n=2), p.Ala138Val (n=2) and pPro190Leu (n=2). A sister with breast cancer had the same mutation of p.Ala138Val. The median age at diagnosis of first tumor in 14 LFS patients was 32 (1-67) years. Seven patients (50%) had multiple primary cancers. Breast cancer was most frequently observed (n=9) and other types of tumor included sarcoma (n=5), thyroid cancer (n=3), pancreatic cancer (n=2), ovarian cancer (n=1), endometrial cancer (n=1), colon cancer (n=1), brain tumor (n=1), adrenocortical carcinoma (n=1), vaginal cancer (n=1), skin cancer (n=1) and leukemia (n=1). The median follow-up period was 51.5 (6-188) months. There were two cases of local recurrence and four cases of distant metastasis during the periods. Two patients died from leukemia and pancreatic cancer at three months and 23 months after diagnosis, respectively.
Conclusion: As known in other countries, many Korean patients with LFS also had an early onset and multiple primary tumors. And patients showed various types of mutation, clinical features and prognostic outcomes. Further large-scale studies are required for proper screening and management in Korean patients with LFS. Grant: This study was supported by National cancer center, Korea, Grant no. 2110181
Citation Format: Ran Song, Seeyoun Lee, Jai Hong Han, Jae Yeon Woo, Min Jung Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Sunhwa Park, Eun-Gyeong Lee, Sun Young Kong, So-Youn Jung. Clinical features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome in Korea. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5215.
Abstract 5261: Prostate specific sustained anti androgen delivery to delay early stage prostate cancer progression
Authors: Desai Pujan , Rairkar Maithili , Pawlowska Nela , Thomas Scott , Munster Pamela N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Commensurate with risk, current approaches to localized prostate cancer include prostatectomy, prostate radiation with or without radiation therapy or active surveillance. Recent data suggest that systemic anti-androgen therapy with enzalutamide reduced the risk of prostate cancer progression in men on active surveillance but was associated with considerable side effects. We developed a novel polymer-based drug delivery method to provide sustained localized drug administration of anti-androgens selectively to the prostate. In vitro and in vivo mouse and canine studies show that this drug eluting implant delivers sustained high prostate to plasma therapeutic anti-androgen levels for an anticipated range of 2 years while preventing accumulation of anti-androgens in the liver, lungs, heart and brain. We performed a proof of concept study in a canine prostate model implanting an 15mm x 1mm bicalutamide eluting implant into each lobe of the prostate. Bicalutamide levels in the prostate measured near the implant at 6 months were 3250 ± 1622 ng/g, n = 3 compared to 3809 ± 638 ng/g, n = 3 to those achieved at steady-state oral administration. Plasma and other off target levels were over 1000-fold lower in the implant cohort compared to oral administration: Plasma: 5.9 ± 0.2 ng/ml, liver: 11.3 ±4.3 ng/g, and brain: 5.4 ±0.8 ng/g versus plasma: 18170 ± 3820 ng/ml, liver: 35407 ±8510 ng/g, and brain: 8870 ±1797 ng/g. The implants were well tolerated without local toxicity and imaged easily with ultrasound. The design characteristics of the implant facilitates minimally invasive surgical implantation under standard image guidance and withstands the concomitant use of prostate radiation. This novel technology warrants future clinical exploration of prostate specific anti-androgen therapy for (neo)adjuvant therapy or in active surveillance.
Tissue Bicalutamide oral (2m)(ng/g) Bicalutamide implant (6m)(ng/g) Plasma 18,170 (3820) 5.9 (0.2) Prostate 3,809 (638) 3,250 (1622) Liver 35,407 (8510) 11.3 (4.3) Cerebrum 8,870 (1797) 5.4 (0.8) Cerebellum 8,737 (1550) 6.2 (1.3) Spleen 7,727 (1288) 4.2 (0.9) Lung 27,013 (2896) 11.3 (4.3) Heart 11,737 (3491) 10.0 (1.9) Kidneys 17,413 (6581) 8.5 (2.0)
Citation Format: Pujan Desai, Maithili Rairkar, Nela Pawlowska, Scott Thomas, Pamela N. Munster. Prostate specific sustained anti androgen delivery to delay early stage prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5261.
Abstract 5283: Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity alters invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) oncogenic properties
Authors: Durdana Ishrat , Frerich Candace , Laine Muriel , Rindhe Smita , Bennett Lynda , Bachoo Robert , Greene Geoffrey , Conzen Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Invasive breast cancer (BC) is commonly divided into two subtypes, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). ILC makes up 10-15% of all BC cases. Expression of nuclear hormone receptors further define clinical histology and directs treatment; receptors include estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR), and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Tumor GR expression activation is associated with good prognosis in ER+ but poor prognosis in ER- BC. The majority of ILC tumors are ER+, and we have found that GR expression in primary ILC tumors correlates with improved overall survival. We hypothesized that GR activity in ILC may play a role in ILC’s indolent natural history and could alter its metastatic tendency. We used two isogenic ILC cell lines, each with and without GR expression (MM134-GR+/GR- and SUM44PE-GR+/GR-) to study GR-mediated ILC associated phenotypes. Specifically, we describe GR’s effect on proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in the in vivo MIND model. We also measured GR-mediated ILC adherence to major components of the extra cellular matrix (collagen I, collagen II, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, and tenascin). To recapitulate early metastasis, we examined ILC cell movement through a 10 uM microchannel device. We found that GR expression and activation in ILC cell lines cause decreased cell proliferation and decreased adherence to laminin. Preliminary experiments suggest that GR activation altered ILC cell’s ability to enter and navigate through restrictive 10 uM microchannels. Given our preliminary findings, we will investigate the effect of selective GR modulators (SGRMs) on ILC phenotypes and gene expression. We hypothesize that the gene expression changes following GR activation will be different in ILC compared to IDC. In addition, we are examining the genes required for survival of ILC cells on collagen using an in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 screen. In vivo experiments examining the association of GR expression with tumor growth in vivo are ongoing.
Citation Format: Ishrat Durdana, Candace Frerich, Muriel Laine, Smita Rindhe, Lynda Bennett, Robert Bachoo, Geoffrey Greene, Suzanne Conzen. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity alters invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) oncogenic properties. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5283.
Abstract 5287: Is testosterone the male sex hormone responsible for increased male mortality in melanoma? In-vitro studies based on human melanoma (BLM) cell model
Authors: Ramaraj Pandurangan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Clinical studies showed that menstruating females were better protected in melanoma than post-menopausal women and men of any age. But, these studies did not correlate with the steroid status of females. Our in-vitro study with progesterone (P), a female sex hormone showed significant inhibition of human melanoma cell growth. A literature survey showed that progesterone levels ranged between 1000-1500 ng/dl in menstruating females compared to post-menopausal women (20-100 ng/dl) and men (27-90 ng/dl), suggesting increased progesterone levels could offer protection to the menstruating females. Moreover, Elisarray showed that progesterone action was mediated by specific suppression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-8. So, it was proposed that a low level of progesterone in males leading to non-suppression of IL-8 in melanoma, could be responsible for increased melanoma cell growth and male mortality. This hypothesis prompted us to check the effect of male sex hormones androstenedione (AD) and testosterone (T) on melanoma cell growth and IL-8 secretion. Both AD and T decreased IL-8 secretion along with a decrease in cell growth. However, when progesterone was added along with androgens, there was a significant decrease in cell growth and in IL-8 secretion. This raised the question of why male mortality was high when androgens also decreased cell growth and IL-8 secretion. In order to address this question, it was decided to induce endogenous IL-8 in melanoma cells by pre-incubating with endothelin (50ng/ml) and then add steroids. AD and P individually decreased IL-8 secretion and in combination significantly decreased IL-8 secretion and cell growth even in endothelin pretreated cells when compared to their respective control cells. But, T was not able to suppress endogenous IL-8 induced by endothelin and in fact, cell growth also was slightly increased compared to straight T-treated cells.
Conclusion: So, in males 2 reasons 1) a deficiency of progesterone and 2) inefficiency of T to suppress endogenous IL-8 could possibly result in increased IL-8 levels. This increased IL-8 level in males could lead to increased cell growth and metastasis in melanoma (IL-8 had already been shown to stimulate melanoma cell growth and metastasis by us and others) leading to death. So, a situation arising out of male reproductive endocrine physiology could probably be responsible for increased male mortality in melanoma.
Citation Format: Pandurangan Ramaraj. Is testosterone the male sex hormone responsible for increased male mortality in melanoma? In-vitro studies based on human melanoma (BLM) cell model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5287.
Abstract 5352: Targeting DNA methylation in T cells to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy
Authors: Dang Pengtao , Wang Xiao , Zhu Haiqi , Wang Jia , Guo Tingbo , Zhou Xinyu , Swaminathan Paveethran , Zhang Chi , Cao Sha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
T-cells are critical mediators of immunity and immunologic memory. Their cell fates are regulated in part through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Recent genome-wide methylation analyses have revealed dynamic alterations in the methylome at various stages of development and differentiation of T cells. At single cell level, it is not easy to simultaneously collect RNA-seq and RBBS methylation profiling. An important task is to understand the expression change of which genes and pathways are regulated by DNA methylations, especially for the ones that are associated with functional variations in the T cells from tumor microenvironment.In this study, we developed a computational approach based on our recently developed metabolic flux estimation to estimate cell-wise global DNA methylation activity level by using scRNA-seq data. We also hypothesize that the global DNA methylation activity level in one cell determines most of the DNA methylation level in gene-specific DNA methylations. Hence, the dependency between gene-specific DNA methylation and expression could be imputed by the dependency between predicted global DNA methylation input level and the gene expression. We validated our method to impute cell-wise global DNA methylation level by using four independent sets of paired gene expression and DNA methylation data. Noted, our prediction of global DNA methylation activity is from a pure metabolic perspective. We found that two metabolic reaction rates, named metabolic flux from methionine to SAM and SAM to SAH, purely predicted by using gene expression data can accurately impute DNA methylation activity in all validating data sets. Our method enables further identification of the disease/cell context specific contributor of DNA methylation, i.e., the genes high contribution to DNA methylations in each individual cell or cell groups. We applied our method on scRNA-seq data of different T cell types extracted from TME of lung, liver, and colon cancer. We have seen that exhausted T cells, especially the ones with decreased Granzymes and PRF1 are associated with increased global DNA methylation level and related genes, suggesting the potential clinical implications in targeting DNA methylation to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Pengtao Dang, Xiao Wang, Haiqi Zhu, Jia Wang, Tingbo Guo, Xinyu Zhou, Paveethran Swaminathan, Chi Zhang, Sha Cao. Targeting DNA methylation in T cells to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5352.