bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dephasing effect promotes the appearance of quantized Hall plateaus
Authors: Fang Jing-Yun , Guo Ai-Min , Sun Qing-Feng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is a topologically protected phenomenon which has been observed in various systems. In experiments, the size of Hall bar device to realize the QHE is generally much larger than the phase coherence length, in which the quantum coherence of electrons is destroyed. Here, we theoretically study the influence of dephasing effect on the quantized Hall (QH) plateaus. We find that the QH plateaus disappear in perfectly quantum coherent systems if the coupling between leads and central region is imperfect. The Hall resistance is very large and strongly oscillates instead of presenting the QH plateaus in this case. However, by introducing the dephasing, Hall resistance decreases and the QH plateaus appear gradually. Similar results can also be observed for the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Our results propose that dephasing effect promotes the appearance of QH plateaus, which opens a new topic of the dephasing effect on topological systems.
Pulse length effects in long wavelength driven non-sequential double ionization
Authors: Jiang H , Mandrysz M , Sanchez A , Dura J , Steinle T , Prauzner-Bechcicki J S , Zakrzewski J , Lewenstein M , He F , Biegert J , Ciappina M F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) in argon driven by a 3100 nm laser source. The correlated photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) shows a strong dependence on the pulse duration, and the evolution of the PMD can be explained by an envelope-induced intensity effect. Determined by the time difference between tunneling and rescattering, the laser vector potential at the ionization time of the bound electron will be influenced by the pulse duration, leading to different drift momenta. Such a mechanism is extracted through a classical trajectory Monte Carlo-based model and it can be further confirmed by quantum mechanical simulations. This work sheds light on the importance of the pulse duration in NSDI and improves our understanding of the strong field tunnel-recollision dynamics under mid-IR laser fields.
Quasi-common-path off-axis interferometric quantitative phase microscopy based on amplitude-division
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Jin Qiqiang , Zhong Zhi , Liu Lei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A quasi-common-path off-axis interferometric quantitative phase microscopy (iQPM) is proposed using amplitude-division in this paper. Utilizing a quasi-common-path interferometric module, our method divides the object beam into two copies using a beam-splitter and two mirrors after the output of the microscope, while spatially filters one of the copies to act as the reference beam, and thus yields off-axis interference at the camera plane. The compact module is built using simple optical elements without the requirements of special optical skills and/or complex alignment. In contrast to the previous common-path off-axis iQPMs, the proposed method can flexibly adjust each channel to improve the visibility and/or frequency of the interferogram. Several experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed iQPM.
Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xu Baozheng , Zhu Yinfang , Zhao Junyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Microcantilever is one of the most popular miniaturized structures in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Sensors based on microcantilever are ideal for biochemical detection, since they have high sensitivity, high throughput, good specification, fast response, thus have attracted extensive attentions. A number of devices that are based on static deflections or shifts of resonant frequency of the cantilevers responding to analyte attachment have been demonstrated. This review comprehensively presents state of art of microcantilever sensors working in gaseous and aqueous environments and highlights the challenges and opportunities of microcantilever biochemical sensors.
Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons and Confluent Supersymmetry
Authors: Contreras-Astorga A , Hernandez-Martinez L , Toscano-Flores L G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We studied the behavior of charge carriers in graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges. We start from free nanoribbons, and by using second-order confluent supersymmetry, we added external magnetic fields perpendicular to the graphene layer. The technique allows us to obtain explicit expressions for the solution of the Dirac equation and gives the transcendental equations that must be solved to obtain the energy spectrum.
Luminescence imaging of helium ions during irradiation to water and to an acrylic block
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yabe Takuya , Akagi Takashi , Kataoka Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the luminescence images of water and an acrylic block during irradiation of proton and carbon ion beams were measured recently, they were not measured for helium ions. Because the mass of helium ions is four times that of protons and one-third that of carbon ions, different results from protons or carbon ions will be obtained by luminescence imaging. We measured the luminescence images of water and an acrylic block during irradiation of helium ion beams. Imaging was conducted using a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera during the irradiation of helium ion pencil beams at three different energies to a water phantom and an acrylic block in addition to mini-beams of helium ions at four different energies. From the measured luminescence images during irradiation of helium ion pencil beams, we could estimate the ranges of the beams for water and the acrylic block. In the luminescence images of the acrylic block during irradiation of mini-beams of helium ions, we observed the luminescence of mini-beams with Bragg peaks in the images. Luminescence imaging of water and an acrylic block during the irradiation of helium ion beams was possible and could be used for range determination of the beams.
Using Harris Hawk algorithm for experimental study on the hole dilation mechanism during Micro-machining (μM) of Graphene nanoplatelets/Carbon fiber (GnP/C) reinforced polymeric composite
Authors: Vishwakarma Rahul , Kesarwani Shivi , Verma Rajesh Kumar , Debnath Kishore , Davim J Paulo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article highlights the hole generation mechanism in the Graphene nanoplatelets/Carbon fiber (GnP/C) reinforced polymeric composite. The lower conductivity of conventional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites restricts the μEDM (Micro Electrical discharge machining) test. This limitation is overwhelmed by adding highly conductive GnP powder in the CFR (epoxy) polymer composites. The generation of the drilled hole is possible through the increase in the electrical conductivity of the samples. During μEDM, in order to examine the quality of machined holes in terms of hole dilation (HD), different process constraints such as voltage (80, 120, 160 V), pulse on time (30, 40, 50 s), and weight percentage of GnP (0.25, 1, 1.75%) are evaluated (HD). The hole dilation was significantly influenced by GnP concentration and voltage alteration during the micromachining process. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results confirmed that the GnP concentration (67.51%) was the most prominent factor affecting hole dilation. The high-resolution microscopy test was performed to investigate the hole machined surface and damages occur during the micromachining test. The variation in the thermal nature of carbon fabric and resin generates internal stress between the composite material, which results in micro-cracks developed in the laminates. The varying parameters were controlled and optimized through a recently developed nature-inspired metaheuristics algorithm based on the conduct of Harris Hawk (HH). The optimal parametric condition for the hole dilation is voltage (level 1–80 volt), pulse duration (level 1–30 μs), and GnP concentration% (Level 1–0.25). The findings of the validation test demonstrate the application potential of the proposed Harris Hawk algorithm.
Uncertainties in the dosimetric heterogeneity correction and its potential effect on local control in lung SBRT
Authors: Erickson Brett G , Cui Yunfeng , Ackerson Bradley G , Kelsey Christopher R , Yin Fang-Fang , Niedzwiecki Donna , Adamson Justus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Dose calculation in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is challenging due to the low density of the lungs and small volumes. Here we assess uncertainties associated with tissue heterogeneities using different dose calculation algorithms and quantify potential associations with local failure for lung SBRT. Approach. 164 lung SBRT plans were used. The original plans were prepared using Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC, n = 8) or Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA, n = 156). Each plan was recalculated with AcurosXB (AXB) leaving all plan parameters unchanged. A subset (n = 89) was calculated with Monte Carlo to verify accuracy. Differences were calculated for the planning target volume (PTV) and internal target volume (ITV) Dmean[Gy], D99%[Gy], D95%[Gy], D1%[Gy], and V100%[%]. Dose metrics were converted to biologically effective doses (BED) using α/β = 10Gy. Regression analysis was performed for AAA plans investigating the effects of various parameters on the extent of the dosimetric differences. Associations between the magnitude of the differences for all plans and outcome were investigated using sub-distribution hazards analysis. Main results. For AAA cases, higher energies increased the magnitude of the difference (ΔDmean of −3.6%, −5.9%, and −9.1% for 6X, 10X, and 15X, respectively), as did lung volume (ΔD99% of −1.6% per 500cc). Regarding outcome, significant hazard ratios (HR) were observed for the change in the PTV and ITV D1% BEDs upon univariate analysis (p = 0.042, 0.023, respectively). When adjusting for PTV volume and prescription, the HRs for the change in the ITV D1% BED remained significant (p = 0.039, 0.037, respectively). Significance. Large differences in dosimetric indices for lung SBRT can occur when transitioning to advanced algorithms. The majority of the differences were not associated with local failure, although differences in PTV and ITV D1% BEDs were associated upon univariate analysis. This shows uncertainty in near maximal tumor dose to potentially be predictive of treatment outcome.
Self-focusing, compression and collapse of ultrashort weakly-relativistic Laguerre–Gaussian lasers in near-critical plasma
Authors: Wilson T C , Sheng Z-M , McKenna P , Hidding B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Simultaneous self-focusing and compression of ultrashort weakly-relativistic Laguerre–Gaussian laser pulses in dense plasma is investigated theoretically and numerically. A simple theoretical model is developed and used to identify parameter regimes of interest, and then three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to examine the physics in detail. Rapid self-focusing and compression are observed, leading to pulse collapse even for laser pulse energy at the ten millijoule level. Long-lived ring-shaped post-soliton structures are left at the location of the first collapse, and the residual laser energy is scattered into the plasma. Filamentation and re-focusing occur beyond this point, the structure of which depends on the beam parameters but is observed to be only weakly dependent upon the mode of the laser. Circularly-polarised light is found to produce particulary symmetric plasma density structures. In all cases, bursts of MeV electrons with thermal-like spectra are observed at points of collapse.
Evaluation of urban wetland landscapes based on a comprehensive model — a comparative study of three urban wetlands in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Yue , Yang Guofu , Lu Yijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrban wetlands constitute an integral part of urban ecosystems. Unsurprisingly, wetland landscapes affect the frequency with which urban residents visit wetland areas. Objectively evaluating the beauty of landscapes and exploring the factors that influence their perceived beauty can inform urban wetland landscape design. This study selects three wetlands located in the core, fringe, and suburban areas of Hangzhou, respectively: Xixi wetland, Tongjian Lake wetland, and Qingshan Lake wetland. To explore the impact of ecological design techniques on the scenic beauty of wetlands, the selected wetlands were used to conduct field investigations. In addition, the wetland landscapes were submitted to public evaluations using scenic beauty estimation (SBE). At the same time, the factors affecting the beauty of the wetland landscape were quantified using the semantic differential (SD) method, and the impact paths of ecological design and plant diversity on scenic beauty were analyzed through the structural equation model (SEM). The results indicated that plant richness, cultural expression, color harmony, and coordination of landscape elements have both a significant and positive impact on the scenic beauty of urban wetlands. By way of contrast, habitat diversity had a significant yet negative impact. Across the three urban wetlands, ecological design techniques were found to significantly improve plant diversity and scenic beauty. This study demonstrated that the application of well-thought-out ecological design methods was conducive to the integration of environmental protection, landscape aesthetics, and the sustainable utilization of urban wetlands in the rapid urbanization process, providing a reference for urban wetland landscape conservation, planning, and design.
Projections of wildfire risk and activities under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios
Authors: Peng Xiaobin , Yu Miao , Chen Haishan , Zhou Botao , Shi Ying , Yu Li 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wildfires are important ecosystem processes that have a significant impact on terrestrial vegetation, environment, and climate. This study investigates how future wildfire risk and activities could change under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios relative to pre-industrial levels using a modified McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDIn) and the CLM4.5-BGC land surface model. Sixteen Earth System Models (ESMs) from CMIP5 and CMIP6 were employed to supply the variables of climate change under low, middle, and high greenhouse emission scenarios in the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C scenarios. The ensemble means from the FFDIn and results from the CLM4.5-BGC with multiple forcings show that the dry areas in the southwestern US, Brazilian Highlands, and Arabian islands are projected to face higher wildfire risk with larger burned areas and more carbon emissions under a warmer climate. The Congo Basin and part of the Amazon could have a lower wildfire risk with smaller burned areas and less carbon emissions. The absolute changes in the projected FFDIn are small, although large increases are observed in boreal areas, particularly in the winter and spring. Burned area and carbon emissions are projected to increase in general in the boreal area but decrease in northeastern Asia. Compared to the 1.5 °C scenario, the wildfire risk and burned area levels are projected to increase under the 2.0 °C scenario except in the western Amazon. However, fire carbon emissions are projected to decrease more in tropical areas under the 2.0 °C scenario. The different change directions in eastern North America and eastern China produced by the FFDIn and CLM4.5-BGC suggest the potential effect of non-meteorological elements on fire activities.
Double-Standard Moralism: Why We Can Be More Permissive Within Our Imagination
Authors: Cecchinato Mattia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the fictional domain exhibits a prima facie freedom from real-world moral constraints, certain fictive imaginings seem to deserve moral criticism. Capturing both intuitions, this paper argues for double-standard moralism, the view that fictive imaginings are subject to different moral standards than their real-world counterparts. I show how no account has, thus far, offered compelling reasons to warrant the moral appropriateness of this discrepancy. I maintain that the normative discontinuity between fiction and the actual world is moderate, as opposed to one that leaves fictive engagements wholly exempt from moral evaluations. I propose a way of addressing the gamer’s dilemma that is compatible with a moderate kind of discontinuity. Finally, I contend that the audience is justified in adopting deviant moral attitudes in fictional situations because their consequences largely differ from those that analogous real-world events would have.
Deciphering the genetic architecture of human brain structure and function: a brief survey on recent advances of neuroimaging genomics
Authors: Zhao Xingzhong , Yang Anyi , Zhang Zi-Chao , Yang Yucheng T , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrain imaging genomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field, where integrated analysis of multimodal medical image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and multi-omics data, bridging the gap between macroscopic brain phenotypes and their cellular and molecular characteristics. This approach aims to better interpret the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms associated with brain structure, function and clinical outcomes. More recently, the availability of large-scale imaging and multi-omics datasets from the human brain has afforded the opportunity to the discovering of common genetic variants contributing to the structural and functional IDPs of the human brain. By integrative analyses with functional multi-omics data from the human brain, a set of critical genes, functional genomic regions and neuronal cell types have been identified as significantly associated with brain IDPs. Here, we review the recent advances in the methods and applications of multi-omics integration in brain imaging analysis. We highlight the importance of functional genomic datasets in understanding the biological functions of the identified genes and cell types that are associated with brain IDPs. Moreover, we summarize well-known neuroimaging genetics datasets and discuss challenges and future directions in this field.
GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC induces dysfunction in ribosome biogenesis and translation
Authors: Fan Yu , Li Meng-jie , Yang Jing , Li Shuang-jie , Hao Xiao-yan , Li Jia-di , Wang Yun-chao , Tang Mi-bo , Zhang Chan , Shi Jing-jing , Ma Dong-rui , Guo Meng-nan , Liu Fen , Shen Si , Yao Da-bao , Zuo Chun-yan , Mao Cheng-yuan , Hu Zheng-wei , Zhang Shuo , Yang Zhi-hua , Guo Guang-yu , Yang Jing-hua , Xia Zong-ping , Xu Yu-ming , Shi Chang-he 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
GGC repeat expansion in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NOTCH2NLC is associated with a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, especially neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Studies have found that GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC induces the formation of polyglycine (polyG)-containing protein, which is involved in the formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions. However, the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats is unclear.
Here, we used NIID patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived 3D cerebral organoids (3DCOs) and cellular models to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansion.
IPSC-derived 3DCOs and cellular models showed the deposition of polyG-containing intranuclear inclusions. The NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats could induce the upregulation of autophagic flux, enhance integrated stress response and activate EIF2α phosphorylation. Bulk RNA sequencing for iPSC-derived neurons and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for iPSC-derived 3DCOs revealed that NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats may be associated with dysfunctions in ribosome biogenesis and translation. Moreover, NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats could induce the NPM1 nucleoplasm translocation, increase nucleolar stress, impair ribosome biogenesis and induce ribosomal RNA sequestration, suggesting dysfunction of membraneless organelles in the NIID cellular model. Dysfunctions in ribosome biogenesis and phosphorylated EIF2α and the resulting increase in the formation of G3BP1-positive stress granules may together lead to whole-cell translational inhibition, which may eventually cause cell death. Interestingly, scRNA-seq revealed that NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats may be associated with a significantly decreased proportion of immature neurons while 3DCOs were developing.
Together, our results underscore the value of patient-specific iPSC-derived 3DCOs in investigating the mechanisms of polyG diseases, especially those caused by repeats in human-specific genes.
Determination of Carnosic Acid by a Novel HPLC-UV Method in Human Plasma and Application to a Prototype Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Ceylan Burhan , Tırıs Gizem , Tekkeli Evrim Kepekci 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An HPLC method with UV detection was developed for the determination of carnosic acid in human plasma and applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Rosemary extract to a healthy volunteer. Sample preparation depends on liquid–liquid extraction with hexane. Chromatographic separation was achieved with C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), at 25°C with isocratic elution, mobile phase composed of solution A (methanol), and solution B (2% o-phosphoric acid in water) (90:10, v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analyte was detected at 230 nm. The retention time is 4.20 ± 0.03 min. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and detection and quantification limits, in accordance with European Medicines Agency guidelines. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.075 and 0.25 ng/mL, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of carnosic acid in human plasma with good recovery as 91.7%. The plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, tmax, t1/2 were calculated according to the assays. The method can certainly be used for routine analysis of carnosic acid in human plasma after oral administration of Rosemary extract, and for phase I clinical studies and bioavailability-bioequivalance studies as well.
Changes in Body Mass Index with Longer-term Integrase Inhibitor Use: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data from the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (REPRIEVE)
Authors: Kileel Emma M , Malvestutto Carlos D , Lo Janet , Fitch Kathleen V , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Aberg Judith A , Zanni Markella V , Martinez Esteban , Okeke Nwora Lance , Kumar Princy , Joao Esau , Bares Sara H , Berrner Daniel , Smieja Marek , Roa Jhoanna C , McCallum Sara , Douglas Pamela S , Ribaudo Heather J , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Over 2-years of follow-up, integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-use was associated with weight gain among those on an INSTI &lt;2 years at entry (+0.27 kg/m2/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], .22 to .33 vs +0.17 kg/m2/year; 95% CI, .12 to .23; P = .01), but not those on an entry INSTI &gt;2 years.