bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency reconfigurable antipodal Vivaldi 2-port antenna based on graphene for terahertz communications
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Gaber Shaymaa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA graphene-based two ports antipodal Vivaldi antenna with improved gain for THz applications is introduced. The single antenna is composed of an antipodal Vivaldi antenna with a graphene radiator on the top and copper ground plane on the back with a total size equal to 108 µm × 84 µm to achieve reconfigurable performance from 3 to 4.5 THz. The reconfigurability is validated by changing the external DC Volt which in turn changes the graphene chemical potential and then changes the operating frequency. As well, to enhance the antenna gain, frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with a metallic patch are utilized to enhance the antenna gain. The FSS performance is investigated and optimized using a finite integral technique (FIT) software to achieve a reflective feature with band rejection from 2 up to 5 THz within the operating bands of the suggested antenna. The FSS is inserted below the MIMO antenna to reflect the antenna radiation and then enhance the antenna gain. The antenna gain is increased from 6 dB (single antenna without FSS) to 10.8 dB (with FSS) at 3.4 THz. The MIMO antenna is operated from 3.2 to 4.45 THz with S11 ≤ − 10 dB, isolation ˃ 20, gain from 8 to 10.8 dB, and efficiency higher than 80%. Finally, the MIMO parameters outcomes achieved good values which suggested the antenna to be employed in IoT THz applications.
Manipulation speed of light and giant phase shifting: a new quantum-based model for improving efficiency and security of internet of things
Authors: Karim Fazal , Haneef Muhammad , Sajid Ullah Syed , Alsafyani Majed , Alroobaea Roobaea , Algarni Sultan , Hussain Saddam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is transitioning towards Quantum Computing soon, relying on electromagnetic waves for data transfer within circuits and between IoT devices. This paper introduces a four-level atomic medium controlled by electromagnetic fields to manipulate the speed of light, resulting in subluminal and superluminal information transfer for IoT. Subluminal propagation transmits data at an average rate, while superluminal propagation transfers data faster than conventional methods. The differentiation between these two modes of propagation is determined by the sign of the group index, which is positive for subluminal and negative for superluminal. Our proposed model reports a maximum positive and negative group index of ± 5000. This modified group velocity to become $${v}_{g}=\pm \,c/5000$$

v
g

=
±

c
/
5000

enhances IoT information transferring in quantum-based communication. The group delay time is measured to $${t}_{d}=\pm 10 \mu s$$

t
d

=
±
10
μ
s

in the medium, which increases the capacity for IoT information storage. The maximum value of normal and anomalous phase shift is reported to $$\Phi =\pm \, 20000$$

Φ
=
±

20000

radians at $$60 cm$$

60
c
m

lengths of the medium; this effect is used to divide information in sub-set that protect IoT information from different types of attacks and losses.
NLRP3 activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Shi Bo , Lyu Cheng-Jie , Le Zhen-Kai , Ji Hao-Sen , Xiao Yi , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Huang Shou-Jiang , Yu Lin-Jun , Shu Qiang , Tou Jin-Fa , Lai Deng-Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Macrophages are involved in various immune inflammatory disease conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of macrophages in regulating acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods
CD68, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in paraffin sections of intestinal tissues from NEC and control patients were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Hypertonic pet milk, hypoxia and cold stimulation were used to establish a mouse (wild type and Nlrp3−/−) model of NEC. The mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 lines were also cultured followed by various treatments. Macrophages, intestinal epithelial cell injuries, and IL-1β release were determined.

Results
Compared to the gut “healthy” patients, the intestinal lamina propria of NEC patients had high macrophage infiltration and high NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β levels. Furthermore, in vivo, the survival rate of Nlrp3−/− NEC mice was dramatically improved, the proportion of intestinal macrophages was reduced, and intestinal injury was decreased compared to those of wild-type NEC mice. NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β derived from macrophages or supernatant from cocultures of macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells also caused intestinal epithelial cell injuries.

Conclusions
Macrophage activation may be essential for NEC development. NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β cellular signals derived from macrophages may be the underlying mechanism of NEC development, and all these may be therapeutic targets for developing treatments for NEC.
A Systematic Approach to Consuming Data in Complex Data Management Landscapes Using Data Consumption Patterns
Authors: Giebler Corinna , Hoos Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThrough data analytics, enterprises can exploit the value their data hold. However, there are still various challenges to be solved, one of them being how to consume data in heterogeneous data management landscapes. To address this challenge, we developed a systematic, hierarchical approach to data consumption, including six data consumption patterns, which is presented in this paper. Each of the six patterns can be associated with multiple implementation patterns that detail its technical realization. We report the application of these patterns in a real-world practical scenario and discuss the benefits of applying the data consumption patterns.
Small-livestock farmers’ perceived effectiveness of predation control methods and the correlates of reported illegal poison use in the South African Karoo
Authors: Drouilly Marine , Nattrass Nicoli , O’Riain M. Justin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of poison against predators is pervasive and negatively impacts biodiversity and ecosystem health globally. Little is known about the correlates of poison use as a lethal control method on small-livestock farmland. We used a mixed-methods approach to investigate commercial farmers’ experience with and perceived effectiveness of predation control methods, reported poison use and its correlates in the Central Karoo. Farmers perceived lethal methods to be cheaper and more effective than non-lethal methods in protecting their livestock from predation. They reported more experience with lethal methods, and over half reported having used poison. This is higher than other estimates in southern Africa and consistent with other survey-based evidence from the Karoo. Reported poison use was positively related to perceived efficacy, declining on-farm employment and perceived threats of predators. It was negatively related to terrain ruggedness. Our findings provide an understanding of the context and motivations shaping this illegal behavior.
Dogs at home and at the workplace: effects on allergies and mental health
Authors: Pali-Schöll Isabella , Dale Rachel , Virányi Zsófia 
Published: June 2023

SummarySince the beginning of domestication, the living conditions which are shared between humans and companion animals have changed dramatically. More time is spent together indoors, not only in urban places, but also in rural areas. Among the positive aspects is the asthma- and allergy-protective effect of living with pets during fetal development and infancy. In addition, there are benefits in terms of social interactions and mental health for humans and, as far as can be assessed, also for companion animals. Animals, especially dogs, are also brought more often to workplaces and schools. Thus, a number of the positive effects on social and health aspects are likely to come to these places of activity as well. Optimal preparation of the workplace for the animal by the owner, as well as instruction of employees and, additionally, training of the animal could help reduce potentially adverse effects. Such negative effects could include interference with work processes (phone calls, meetings, lectures, sales calls), and fear of bites or accident hazards by colleagues. In the sense of a One Health approach, this article focuses on the importance of animals (especially dogs) and humans sharing the home, but also the workplace. The effects on allergic/asthmatic diseases as well as on social and mental factors are particularly highlighted, as the latter may also contribute to these diseases. Only a few studies have examined the effects of contact between adult people, who are not pet owners themselves, with dogs in the work environment; so there is clearly a need for further research.
Chip-based photonic graph states
Authors: Huang Jieshan , Chen Xiaojiong , Li Xudong , Wang Jianwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraph states are one of the most significant classes of entangled states, serving as the quantum resources for quantum technologies. Recently, integrated quantum photonics is becoming a promising platform for quantum information processing, enabling the generation, manipulation, and measurement of photonic quantum states. This article summarizes state-of-the-art experimental progress and advances in the chip-based photonic graph states.
Outcomes of patients with bacteriuria/pyuria of clinically undetermined significance (BPCUS) treated with antibiotics in 23 community hospital emergency departments
Authors: Veillette John J. , Waters C. Dustin , Olson Jared , Vargyas George , Ingalls Emily M. , Hutton Mary A. , Tinker Nick , May Stephanie S. , Foster Rachel A. , Stallsmith Jena , Vento Todd J. 
Published: June 2023

Narrative Abstract
The optimal management of bacteriuria/pyuria of clinically undetermined significance (BPCUS) is unknown. Among 220 emergency department patients prescribed antibiotics for BPCUS, we found frequent readmissions, which were mitigated by outpatient follow-up visits. Observation and follow-up for an unknown diagnosis should be emphasized over antibiotics due to high likelihood of readmissions.
Achieving Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Development Goals Effectively: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Madise Nyovani , Nandi Arindam , Wong Brad , Razvi Saleema 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEach year, 295,000 women die during and just after pregnancy, and 2.4 million babies die in the first month of their lives. In 2019, 2,160,000 neonatal deaths and 275,000 maternal deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries alone, translating to a welfare loss equivalent to $426 billion and $36 billion for neonatal and maternal deaths, respectively. The total loss was $462 billion or almost 6 % of these countries’ combined GDP. In the sustainable development goals pledge, the world promised to reduce maternal deaths to 0.07 % and neonatal mortality to below 1.2 %, saving about 200,000 women and 1.2 million children from dying annually. However, on the current trajectory, maternal mortality is expected to decline to only 0.16 % and neonatal deaths to only 1.5 % by 2030. This article analyses the most cost-effective way to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths – Increase coverage of basic emergency obstetric and newborn care from 68 to 90 % combined with increased family planning services in 55 low-income and lower-middle-income countries which account for around 90 % of the burden of maternal and neonatal mortality globally. The proposed package will require $3.2 billion per year more investment and will deliver benefits worth $278 billion per year in avoided deaths and higher economic growth. It will also yield a demographic dividend benefit equivalent to $25 billion annually. For every $1 invested, the social and economic benefits are estimated to be $87. The benefit-cost ratio is 87.
A method to estimate surface mass-balance in glacier accumulation areas based on digital elevation models and submergence velocities
Authors: Jourdain Bruno , Vincent Christian , Réveillet Marion , Rabatel Antoine , Brun Fanny , Six Delphine , Laarman Olivier , Piard Luc , Ginot Patrick , Sanchez Olivier , Berthier Etienne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMeasuring surface mass-balance in the accumulation areas of glaciers is challenging because of the high spatial variability of snow accumulation and the difficulty of conducting annual field glaciological measurements. Here, we propose a method that can solve both these problems for many locations. Ground-penetrating radar measurements and firn cores extracted from a site in the French Alps were first used to reconstruct the topography of a buried end-of-summer snow horizon from a past year. Using these data and surface elevation observations from LiDAR and Global Navigation Satellite System instruments, we calculated the submergence velocities over the period between the buried horizon and more recent surface elevation observations. The differences between the changes in surface elevation and the submergence velocities were then used to calculate the annual surface mass-balances with an accuracy of ±0.34 m w.e. Assuming that the submergence velocities remain stable over several years, the surface mass-balance can be reconstructed for subsequent years from the differences in surface elevation alone. As opposed to the glaciological method that requires substantial fieldwork year after year to provide only point observations, this method, once submergence velocities have been calculated, requires only remote-sensing data to provide spatially distributed annual mass-balances in accumulation areas.
Stricker Learning Span criterion validity: a remote self-administered multi-device compatible digital word list memory measure shows similar ability to differentiate amyloid and tau PET-defined biomarker groups as in-person Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Authors: Stricker Nikki H. , Stricker John L. , Frank Ryan D. , Fan Winnie Z. , Christianson Teresa J. , Patel Jay S. , Karstens Aimee J. , Kremers Walter K. , Machulda Mary M. , Fields Julie A. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:The Stricker Learning Span (SLS) is a computer-adaptive digital word list memory test specifically designed for remote assessment and self-administration on a web-based multi-device platform (Mayo Test Drive). We aimed to establish criterion validity of the SLS by comparing its ability to differentiate biomarker-defined groups to the person-administered Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT).Method:Participants (N = 353; mean age = 71, SD = 11; 93% cognitively unimpaired [CU]) completed the AVLT during an in-person visit, the SLS remotely (within 3 months) and had brain amyloid and tau PET scans available (within 3 years). Overlapping groups were formed for 1) those on the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum (amyloid PET positive, A+, n = 125) or not (A-, n = 228), and those with biological AD (amyloid and tau PET positive, A+T+, n = 55) vs no evidence of AD pathology (A−T−, n = 195). Analyses were repeated among CU participants only.Results:The SLS and AVLT showed similar ability to differentiate biomarker-defined groups when comparing AUROCs (p’s > .05). In logistic regression models, SLS contributed significantly to predicting biomarker group beyond age, education, and sex, including when limited to CU participants. Medium (A− vs A+) to large (A−T− vs A+T+) unadjusted effect sizes were observed for both SLS and AVLT. Learning and delay variables were similar in terms of ability to separate biomarker groups.Conclusions:Remotely administered SLS performed similarly to in-person-administered AVLT in its ability to separate biomarker-defined groups, providing evidence of criterion validity. Results suggest the SLS may be sensitive to detecting subtle objective cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
Nouns are not always processed faster than verbs in bilingual speakers: effects of language distance
Authors: Momenian Mohammad , Privitera Adam John , Weekes Brendan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the current report is to study the effects of language distance on noun and verb processing in bilingual speakers. We recruited two groups of bilingual speakers: one group spoke two typologically distant languages (Cantonese and English) and the other group spoke two typologically similar languages (Mandarin and Cantonese). Participants named object and action pictures in their first language. We controlled psycholinguistic properties of words such as frequency, AoA, imageability, name agreement, visual complexity, familiarity, and participants’ bilingual language experiences. Our findings revealed a significant role for language distance. We observed a difference between noun and verb processing in the similar language pair (Mandarin–Cantonese) due to interference induced by language similarity. However, in the distant language pair (Cantonese–English), the difference disappeared because of the lack of cross-language interference. Our findings support that current and future models of bilingual language processing should take into account the effects of language distance.
Measuring and exploring the barriers to translating palliative care knowledge into clinical practice in rural and regional health-care settings
Authors: Aregay Atsede , O’Connor Margaret , Stow Jill , Ayers Nicola , Lee Susan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to measure and explore the barriers to translating theoretical knowledge of palliative care into clinical practice.MethodsA mixed-method study, combining a cross-sectional survey and key interviews was conducted. The quantitative data were obtained from 173 nurses and the key interviews were conducted with 42 health professionals drawn from multiple settings. For quantitative data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software were conducted, and a thematic analysis supported with NVivo software were used for analyzing qualitative data.ResultsOf the 220 nurses invited, 173 completed the survey (79%). Most (78%) had a bachelor’s degree in nursing. Fewer than half, 69 (40%) scored 75% or more for the knowledge test; 173 (100%) scored 50% or greater for attitude; and only 32 (18.5%) scored 75% or greater for self-reported practice. While there was a small, positive correlation between palliative care attitudes and self-reported practice (r = 0.22, p = 0.003), the qualitative findings indicated that nurses had significant challenges in translating their theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. Limited clinical practice was linked to inadequate knowledge resulting from insufficient integration of palliative care content in undergraduate curricula and a lack of follow-up training. This was further exacerbated by shortages of medicine, staff, and financial resources and was linked to limited attention accorded to palliative care by the government.Significance of resultsWhile the results showed the majority held positive views toward palliative care, improving palliative care practices requires, and enhancing nurses’ knowledge of palliative care. This requires changing teaching methods and engaging policymakers.
Divergence before the division: the colonial origins of separate development paths in Korea
Authors: Andersson Martin , López Jerez Montserrat , Miladinovic Luka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study revisits the question of what impact Japanese colonialism had on the long-term economic development of North and South Korea. Factor endowments, economic activity and economic performance are compared between the regions that later became parts of North and South Korea, respectively. The study finds that important elements of the economic history of the peninsula have not been sufficiently acknowledged in much of the influential literature that uses Korea as an illustration of theoretical claims of the root causes of development. In particular, the fact that the economic divergence of northern and southern regions could be traced back to different colonial treatments – especially after mid-1920s – has often been overlooked when analysing the divergent post-partition development trajectories. The study suggests, based on a sectoral similarities analysis, that the initial dissimilar economic performance of North and South can at least partially be found in differences in political economy and economic trajectories preceding the partition.
Changes in employment status and income before and after newly diagnosed depressive disorders in Taiwan: a matched cohort study using controlled interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Chen Yu-Ling , Liao Wei-Hsiang , Wang Shih-Heng , Lien Yin-Ju , Chang Chia-Ming , Liao Shih-Cheng , Huang Wei-Lieh , Wu Chi-Shin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
We explored long-term employment status and income before and after depression diagnosis among men and women and at different working ages in Taiwan.

Methods
Data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Individuals with newly diagnosed depressive disorder aged 15 to 64 years during the study period were identified. An equal number of individuals without depression were matched for their demographic and clinical characteristics. Employment outcomes included employment status, which was categorized into employed or unemployed, and annual income. Based on the occupation categories and monthly insurance salary recorded in the Registry for Beneficiaries of the NHIRD, a subject was defined as unemployed if he or she differed from the income earner or the occupation category was unemployed. Monthly income was defined as zero for unemployed subjects and proxied as monthly insurance salary for others. Annual income was the sum of monthly income in each observation year.

Results
A total of 420,935 individuals with depressive disorder were included in the study, and an equal number of individuals with not diagnosed depression served as controls. Employment rate and income were lower in the depression group than in the control group before the year of diagnosis, with a difference of 5.7% in employment rate and USD 1,173 in annual income. This gap increased considerably after the year of diagnosis (7.3% in employment rate and USD 1,573 in annual incomes) and further widened in the subsequent years (8.1% in employment rate and USD 2,006 in annual incomes in the 5th following year). The drops in the employment rate and income caused by depression were more evident in men and older age groups than in women and younger age groups, respectively. However, the reduction in employment rate and income in the following years after the diagnosis was more considerable among younger age groups.

Conclusions
The effect of depression on employment status and income was significant during the year of diagnosis and continued afterwards. The effect on employment outcomes varied between genders and across all age groups.