bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Promotion Strategies in Community Pharmacy Addressing Vulnerable Populations: a Scoping Review
Authors: Chadi Alexandre , Thirion Daniel J. G. , David Pierre-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Context: Social determinants of health drivers of vaccine inequity and leading to higher risks of complication from infectious diseases in under vaccinated communities. In many countries, pharmacists have gained the rights to prescribe and administer vaccines, which contributes in improve vaccination rates. Little is however known on how they define and target vulnerable communities. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe how vulnerable communities are targeted in community pharmacies. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the Embase and Medline database in August 2021 inspired by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols (PRISMA ScR). Articles in English, French or Spanish addressing any vaccine in a community pharmacy context and that target a population defined as vulnerable were screened for inclusion. Results: A total of 1039 articles were identified through the initial search and 63 articles met the inclusion criteria. The vast majority of the literature originated from the North America (n = 54, 86%) and was addressed influenza vaccination (n = 29, 46%), pneumonia (n = 14, 22%), herpes zoster (n = 14, 22%) or human papilloma virus (n = 14, 22%). Lifecycle vulnerabilities (n = 48, 76%) such as age and pregnancy were most often used to target vulnerable patients followed by clinical factors (n = 18, 29%), socio-economical determinants (n = 16, 25%) and geographical vulnerabilities (n = 7, 11%). The most frequently listed strategy was providing a strong recommendation for vaccination, promotional posters in pharmacy, distributing leaflet/bag stuffers and providing staff training. A total of 24 barriers and 25 facilitators were identified. The main barriers associated to each vulnerable category were associated to effective promotional strategies to overcome them. Conclusion: Pharmacists prioritize lifecycle and clinical vulnerability at the expense of narrowing down the definition of vulnerability. Some vulnerable groups are also under targeted in pharmacies. A wide variety of promotional strategies are available to pharmacies in order to overcome the specific barriers experienced by various groups.
The emergence of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking during adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Alves Joana , Perelman Julian , Ramos Elisabete , Kunst Anton E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

While it is known that educational inequalities in smoking start during early and middle adolescence, it is unknown how they further develop until adulthood. The aim of this article is to map, in the Portuguese context, how educational inequalities in smoking emerge from pre-adolescence until young adulthood.

Methods

This study used longitudinal data from the EPITeen Cohort, which recruited adolescents enrolled in schools in Porto, Portugal. We included the 1,038 participants followed at ages 13 (2003/2004), 17, 21, and 24 years. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of smoking states (never smoking, experimenter, less-than-daily, daily and former smoker) and the incidence of transitions between these states, as function of age and education, stratified by sex. We also added interaction terms between age and education.

Results

Educational inequalities in daily smoking prevalence, with higher prevalence among those with lower educational level, emerged at 17 years old and persisted until higher ages. They were formed in a cumulative way by the increased risk of experimenting between 13 and 17 years, and increased risk of becoming daily smoker between 17 and 21 years. The incidence of smoking cessation was higher among the higher educated. Inequalities were formed similarly for women and men, but with lower level and showed no significance among women.

Conclusions

These results highlight that actions to prevent smoking should also take in account the potential impact in smoking inequalities, and should focus not only on middle adolescence but also on late adolescence and early adulthood.
Antibiotic prescribing practices for acute respiratory illness in children less than 24 months of age in Kenema, Sierra Leone: Is it time to move beyond algorithm driven decision making?
Authors: Moon Troy D. , Sumah Ibrahim , Amorim Gustavo , Alhasan Foday , Howard Leigh M. , Myers Harriett , Green Ann F. , Grant Donald S. , Schieffelin John S. , Samuels Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of mortality in young children globally. In many resource-limited settings clinicians rely on guidelines such as IMCI or ETAT + that promote empiric antibiotic utilization for management of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Numerous evaluations of both guidelines have shown an overall positive response however, several challenges have also been reported, including the potential for over prescribing of unnecessary antibiotics.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study of children < 24 months admitted to the KGH pediatric ward with respiratory symptoms between October 1, 2020 and May 31, 2022. Study nurses collected data on demographic information, medical and medication history, and information on clinical course while hospitalized.
Results
A total of 777 children were enrolled. Prior to arrival at the hospital, 224 children (28.8%) reported taking an antibiotic for this illness without improvement. Only 15 (1.9%) children received a chest radiograph to aid in diagnosis and 100% of patients were placed on antibiotics during their hospital stay.
Conclusions
Despite the lives saved, reliance on clinical decision-support tools such as IMCI and ETAT + for pediatric ARI, is resulting in the likely over-prescribing of antibiotics. Greater uptake of implementation research is needed to develop strategies and tools designed to optimize antibiotic use for ARI in LMIC settings. Additionally, much greater priority needs to be given to ensuring clinicians have the basic tools for clinical diagnosis, as well as greater investments in radiographic diagnostics and laboratory diagnostics for both bacterial and viral respiratory illnesses.
Inter-professional Palliative Care based on Mental Health in Patients with Heart Failure: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Imane Bagheri , Hojatollah Yousefi , Masoud Bahrami , Davood Shafie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The speed of heart failure progression as well as the debilitating mental problems caused by this disease highlights the need for palliative care with a focus on mental health by an inter-professional team. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mental health-based palliative care program on anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 patients with heart failure hospitalized at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. First, the case and control groups were selected using the convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The patients in the case group received the mental health-based palliative care program, which was performed by an inter-professional team, three times a week for 6 consecutive weeks in a combination of in-person sessions at home/hospital, virtual online via Google Meet and offline via Eitaa. The patients in the control group only received the routine care program of the Hospital. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale before and after the intervention in both groups, and then analyzed using SPSS 23 and descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
The results showed that the mean age of the control group and the case group was 60.16±11.24 and 59.52±10.46, respectively. Most patients in both case and control groups were male (76% and 64%). The two groups were homogenous in terms of demographic variables (P<0.05). The two groups showed no significant difference in the average scores of hospital anxiety and depression before the intervention (P>0.05). However, after the intervention, the anxiety and depression scores significantly reduced (P<0.001).
Conclusions
Considering the effectiveness of a "mental health-based palliative care program" on the improvement of anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure, it can be included in the routine programs of these patients, in addition to the care for relieving physical pain, to improve their mental condition and obtain better treatment, care, support, and palliative results.
Trial registration: Not applicable, because this study was not a randomized clinical trial
High Gain Microstrip Quad Array Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Ramdedovic Amel , Imeci Şehabeddin Taha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper depicts a microstrip array antenna suitable for the 5G applications comprised of four rectangular patches organized in a symmetrical structure. The microstrip quad array antenna is designed and simulated utilizing Sonnet Suites software. The proposed design is manufactured with implementing Rogers RO3006 dielectric substrate (ε_r = 6.5) due to the low tangent losses of the substrate. Moreover, the simulated and measured results display the successful fabrication and the design process. The input match (S_11) is slightly higher for the simulated design in comparison to the measured results with approximately − 18.63 and − 13.66 dB respectively. By Implementing the quad structure the gain is increased. The Simulated gain is approximately 13.55 dB whereas the measured gain is around 13.06 dB at the operating frequency of 5.53 GHz. Lastly, the design is inexpensive and the utilized geometry is somewhat simplistic alleviating simulation and manufacturing issues for the proposed design..
Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate Relieves Oxidative Stress in Cisplatin-induced Acute Kidney Injury via NRF2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dai Yingbo , Qi Hao , Shi Haoyu , Yan Minbo , Zhao Liangyu , Yin Yinghao , Tan Xiaolin , Qi Huiyue , Li Hu , Weng Kangqiang , Tang Yuxin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cisplatin is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent for various solid tumors, but its usage is restricted by nephrotoxicity. A single dose of cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which is characterized by rapid reduction in kidney function. However, the efficacy of current therapies, such as hydration, is limited. It is vital to develop novel therapeutic reagents that have anticancer and renoprotective properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM), a copper ion chelator used to treat cancer and disorders of copper metabolism, may offer protection against cisplatin-induced AKI. In this study, we demonstrated that TM treatment had antioxidative effects and mitigated cisplatin-induced AKI both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, TM inhibited NRF2 ubiquitination, which activated the NRF2 pathway in HK-2 cells and promoted the expression of target genes. It should be noted that the protective effect conferred by TM against cisplatin was compromised by the knockdown of the NRF2 gene. Furthermore, TM selectively activated the NRF2 pathways in the liver and kidney. The current study provided evidence for additional clinical applications of TM by showing that it activates NRF2 and has a favorable therapeutic impact on cisplatin-induced AKI.
Association between time in range 70-180mg/dl in early stage and severity in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Meng Chuchen , Zhang Jie , Wang Ying , Ye Xinhua , Zhuang Shaohua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: It is not well understood whether glucose control in the early stage of acute pancreatitis(AP) is related to the outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood glucose time in range (TIR) 70–180 mg/dL in the first 72 hours(h) on admission and the progression of AP.Methods:Patients admitted with AP to the gastroenterology department of Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between Jan 2017 and Dec 2021 were included and retrospectively evaluated. The percentage of TIR between 70 and 180 mg/dL in the first 72 h was calculated. According to the progress of AP at discharge, the patients were divided into mild pancreatitis(MAP) and moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group.We examined the association between TIR or TIR ≥70% and the severity of AP using logistic regression models with stratification by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.5%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess the ability of TIR to predict MSAP or SAP.Results: A total of 298 patients were included and 35 of them developed into MSAP or SAP. Logistic regression analyses indicated that TIR was independently associated with the incidence of more serious AP(OR=0.962 95% CI=0.941-0.983, P=0.001). This association remained significant in patients with HbA1c ≤6.5% (OR=0.928 95%CI=0.888-0.969, P=0.001).TIR≥70% was independently associated with reduced severity only in patients with well-antecedent control (OR=0.238; 95% CI= 0.071-0.802; P =0.020). TIR was not powerful enough to predict the severity of AP in both patients with poor antecedent glucose control (AUC=0.641) or with HbA1c＜6.5% (AUC=0.668).Conclusions ：TIR was independently associated with severity in AP patients, particularly those with good antecedent glucose control.
Genome-Wide analysis of the MdPLATZ gene family and their expression during axillary bud outgrowth in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Li Jiuyang , Li Guofang , Zhang Yaohui , Zhao Yongliang , Zhang Yuhang , Hao Longjie , Shao Jianzhu , Tan Ming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Plant branching is a plastic character that affects the formation of morphology and structure. It is controlled by a variety of plant hormones through coordination with environmental signals. Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) plays an important role in plant growth and development. However, systematic research on the PLATZ gene family in apple branch has not been conducted.
Result
In this study, a total of 17 PLATZ genes were identified and characterized from the apple genome. The MdPLATZ genes were clustered into three subfamilies: Group I, Group II, and Group III. The phylogenetic evolutions, conserved motifs, gene structures, regulatory cis-acting elements, and MicroRNAs of the MdPLATZ family members were analyzed. Expression analysis of these genes in different tissues was also assessed. MdPLATZ genes exhibit distinct expression patterns in different tissues. The expression patterns of the MdPLATZ genes were systematically investigated in response to treatments that impact apple branching [thidazuron (TDZ) and decapitation]. Results indicated that the expression of MdPLATZ1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, and 16 was effected during axillary bud outgrowth based on RNA-seq data obtained from apple axillary bud treated by TDZ. Additionally, qRT-PCR results showed that MdPLATZ6 was strongly downregulated in response to TDZ and decapitation treatments, however, MdPLATZ15 was significantly upregulated by TDZ, but exhibited little response to decapitation.
Conclusion
This finding that provides valuable information for further functional investigations of these genes in the control of apple axillary bud outgrowth.
Coffee Consumption and Periodontitis: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liao Wan-Zhe , Zhou Zhi-Yi , Lin Zi-Kai , Xie Shuo-Jia , Zheng Ya-Fang , Wang Jun-Tao , Zheng Jun-Huang , Chen Hao-Kai , Chen Wu-Shu , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, coffee consumption has been growing in the United States over the past 20 years. Periodontitis is defined by the pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and destruction of the connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone loss and is related to different systemic diseases and conditions. However, the causality has remained unclarified, thus we regarded discovering the causal relationship between coffee consumption and the infection risk of periodontitis as the objective of the study.
Methods: Coffee consumption was subdivided into binary coffee consumption and continuous coffee consumption to refine the study design. Genetic instruments were stretched from the MRC-IEU (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit)analysis on the UK Biobank, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) project, and the joint meta-analysis of a recent GWAS. The IVW (Inverse Variance Weighted) method, MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median method were introduced to estimate the causality, a scatter plot revealed the intuitive result, and a Leave-One-Out plot was used to test the stability. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses were also conducted to test outlier SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
Results: An effect of continuous coffee consumption on the risk of periodontitis was found (IVW: OR = 1.0104, 95%CI: 1.0016-1.0193, P = 0.0212; MR-Egger: OR = 1.0004, 95%CI: 0.9753-1.0303, P = 0.98; Weighted Median: OR = 1.0077, 95%CI: 0.9963-1.0191, P = 0.19), while the effect of binary coffee consumption on periodontitis did not meet the requirement of indicating a strong causal association, neither were the reverse causality analyses.
Conclusions: The study indicated the causality of continuous coffee consumption to the risk of periodontitis with no strong evidence for an effect of binary coffee-consuming behavior on periodontitis. There was also no intensive evidence suggesting reverse causality.
Safety and Immune protection of a RHΔompdcΔuprt mutant live-attenuated vaccine against Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Shen Yu , Zheng Bin , Sun Hao , Wu Songrui , Fan Jiyuan , Ding Jianzu , Gao Meng , Kong Qingming , Lou Di , Ding Haojie , Zhuo Xunhui , Lu Shaohong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and is responsible for zoonotic toxoplasmosis. It is essential to develop an effective anti-T. gondiivaccine for the control of toxoplasmosis, and this study explored the immunoprotective effects of a live attenuated vaccine in mice and cats.Methods:First, theompdcanduprtgenes ofT. gondiiwere deleted throughtheCRISPR-Cas9 system. Then, the intracellular proliferation and virulence of this mutant strain were evaluated for the verification of its potential use in vaccination. Subsequently, the immune responses induced by this mutant in mice and cats were detected, including antibody titers, cytokine levels, and the subsets of T lymphocytes. Finally, the immunoproctive effects were evaluated by challenging with tachyzoites of different strains in mice or cysts of ME49 strain in cats via monitoring the survival time of mice or determining the number and shedding period of oocysts in feline feces. Furthermore, to discover the effective immune element against toxoplasmosis, passive immunizations were carried out in mice, as serum, CD19+B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and total splenocytes were involved.Results:Theompdcanduprtgenes were deleted by using CRISPR-Cas9 system to develop a uracil auxotrophicT. gondiistrain RHΔompdcΔuprt. The intracellular replication, virulence and immune response of double knockout mutant were evaluated. Compared with the wild-type RH strain, the RHΔompdcΔuprtmutant notably reduced proliferation with limited intracellular escape. In addition, RHΔompdcΔuprtmutant strain exhibited virulence attenuation in both murine (BALB/c and BALB/c-nu) and cat models. It’s worth noting that limited pathological change or tachyzoites were found in tissues from RHΔompdcΔuprt-injected mice. Furthermore, significantly high levels of IgG (IgG1 and IgG2a) antibodies and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-12) of mice were elicited by RHΔompdcΔuprtmutant, which were proven protective to reinfection with theT. gondiitype I (RH), type II (ME49), and Chinese isolated strains (WH6). Remarkably, all mice vaccinated with RHΔompdcΔuprtsurvived a lethal challenge with RH and ME49, and WH6 strains. The immunized serum and splenocytes, especially CD8+T cells, could significantly extend the survival time of mice challenged with RH strain compared with naïve mice. In addition, cats immunized with the mutant strain also produced high levels of IgG antibodies and notably decreased the shedding numbers of oocysts in feces (95.3%) than non-immunized cats.Conclusions:The avirulent RHΔompdcΔuprtmutant strain can provide strong anti-T. gondiiimmune responses, and is a promising candidate for developing safe and effective live attenuated vaccine.
Effect of food intake on 143 biomarkers measured by Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I and Multiplex Organ Damage panels
Authors: Dencker Magnus , Björgell Ola , Hlebowicz Joanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study investigates the effect of food intake on 143 different biomarkers.
Methods
Twenty-two healthy subjects (11 male and 11 female aged 25.9 ± 4.2 years) were investigated. A total of 143 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal as well as 30 and 120 minutes afterwards with the Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I, and Multiplex Organ Damage panels.
Results
The levels for 23 biomarkers were significantly (p < 0.001) changed due to food intake. A total of 14 biomarkers decreased 30 minutes and 120 minutes after food intake. Four biomarkers were increased only at 120 minutes after food intake. The changes for the biomarkers were between 2% and 105%.
Conclusion
This study shows that food intake has some effect on 143 different biomarkers. The timing of blood sampling in relation to food intake appears not to be a major concern. There are some exceptions. Standardization concerning food intake should be attempted when investigating Interleukin-6, Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, Tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps, Syntaxin-8, Probetacellulin, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B, Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B, and Enteropeptidase which all changed more than 30%.
Comparison of two anaerobic tests in assessment of anaerobic performance in soccer trained and untrained girls U12
Authors: Jastrzębska Agnieszka Danuta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in anaerobic performance estimation in trained and untrained girl U12, and the effect of an 8-week training period in female U12 soccer players on anaerobic performance. Fourteen female soccer players (FSP) and twelve untrained girls (UNT) participated in the study. The anaerobic performance was evaluated twice, within 8-weeks period, using the traditional Wingate test (WAnT) and the RAST. FSP in that time were subjected to soccer training, and UNT participated only in school’s physical education classes. A significant increase in the anaerobic performance of the FSP was noted. In both tests peak, average, and relative power were significantly improved (p<0.005). Nevertheless, strong, statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation coefficients (0.50< r <0.70) were found for pre-training measurements between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters in absolute values. In UNT group significant improvement was found in peak, average and min power (p <0.05) in the RAST. The improvement in anaerobic performance after training along with the strong correlation noted between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters prove the usefulness of the RAST in assessing anaerobic capacity in female youth athletes. Its simplicity encourages its use in monitoring anaerobic capacity in both trained and untrained girls.