bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized and double-blind comparison of clinical visual outcomes of 2 EDOF intraocular lenses
Authors: Scheepers Marius A. , Hall Brad 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To assess and compare the visual disturbance profiles of 2 extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting:
Private practice (West Kootenays, British Columbia, Canada).

Design:
Prospective, randomized, single-surgeon study.

Methods:
This was a double-blind prospective study of 138 eyes (69 patients) that underwent bilateral implantation of 1 of 2 EDOF IOLs. Participants were randomized to either the Symfony group or the Vivity group. Outcome measures included Questionnaire for Visual Disturbances; binocular corrected distance visual acuities at distance (6 m), intermediate (66 cm), and near (40 cm); and refractive outcomes.

Results:
At 3 months postoperatively, 21 patients (60%) reported not experiencing glare in the Symfony group compared with 30 (88%) in the Vivity group, a difference of 28% (P = .008). Reports of experiencing starbursts were also significantly different between the Symfony and Vivity groups (23 participants [66%] Symfony and 30 participants [88%] Vivity; P = .027). In addition, 12 participants (34%) reported “moderate” or “severe” starbursts in the Symfony group compared with 3 (9%) in the Vivity group, a difference of 25% (P = .019). Visual acuities and refractive outcomes were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
Both EDOF lenses provide good visual outcomes at distance and intermediate with acceptable near vision. The Symfony group had increased reports of some visual disturbances, notably the frequency, severity, and bothersomeness of starbursts and glare.
Pediatric orbital fractures
Authors: Coviello Caitlin , Williams Katherine J. , Sivam Sunthosh K. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to summarize current evidence on the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of pediatric orbital fractures. Recent trends in management strategies as well as emerging surgical techniques for pediatric orbital fracture repair are presented.

Recent findings
Although somewhat limited, growing bodies of evidence support a conservative approach with close follow up in pediatric orbital fractures. For those patients necessitating surgical repair, resorbable implants are increasingly preferred given their lack of donor site morbidity and a minimal impact on the developing craniofacial skeleton. There are emerging data reporting the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted approaches and intraoperative navigation; however, more research is needed to assess their applicability in the pediatric population.

Summary
There are few studies with large patient cohorts and long-term follow up given the rare incidence of pediatric orbital fractures, which restricts the generalizability of research on the topic. The studies available increasingly suggest that fractures without clinical evidence of entrapment can be managed conservatively with close follow up. A variety of reconstructive implants are available for those fractures necessitating repair. Donor site morbidity, availability, and need for additional procedures should all be factored into the reconstructive decision-making process.
Effect of transtibial prosthesis weight on the contralateral knee joint in relation to the risk of osteoarthritis
Authors: Krawczyk Petr , Uchytil Jaroslav , Rygelova Marketa , Buzga Marek , Zemkova Daniela , Sykora Ales , Marik Ivo 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Individuals with transtibial amputation place more load on the contralateral lower extremity. A higher adduction moment at the knee joint has been shown to have an effect on the risk of osteoarthritis.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of weight-bearing of lower-limb prosthesis on the biomechanical parameters associated with the risk of contralateral knee osteoarthritis.

Study design:
Cross-sectional.

Methods:
The experimental group of 14 subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation (13 males). The mean age was 52.7 ± 14.2 years, height 175.6 ± 6.3 cm, weight 82.3 ± 12.5 kg, and duration of prosthesis use 16.5 ± 9.1 years. The control group consisted of 14 healthy subjects with identical anthropometric parameters. Dual emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the weight of the amputated limb. For gait analysis, 10 Qualisys infrared cameras and a motion sensing system on 3 Kistler force platforms were used. Gait was analyzed with the original, lighter, commonly used prosthesis, as well as the prosthesis loaded to the original limb weight.

Results:
The gait cycle and kinetic parameters of the amputated and healthy limbs were more similar to those of the control group when using the weighted prosthesis.

Conclusions:
We recommend further research to more accurately specify the weight of the lower-limb prosthesis with respect to the prosthesis design and duration of use of the heavier prosthesis during the day.
Transfusion-related cost comparison of trauma patients receiving whole blood versus component therapy
Authors: Ciaraglia Angelo , Myers John C. , Braverman Maxwell , Barry John , Eastridge Brian , Stewart Ronald , Nicholson Susannah , Jenkins Donald 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION
With the emergence of whole blood (WB) in trauma resuscitation, cost-related comparisons are of significant importance to providers, blood banks, and hospital systems throughout the country. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a transfusion-related cost difference between trauma patients who received low titer O+ whole blood (LTO+WB) and component therapy (CT).

METHODS
A retrospective review of adult and pediatric trauma patients who received either LTO+WB or CT from time of injury to within 4 hours of arrival was performed. Annual mean cost per unit of blood product was obtained from the regional blood bank supplier. Pediatric and adult patients were analyzed separately and were compared on a cost per patient (cost/patient) and cost per patient per milliliter (cost/patient/mL) basis. Subgroup analysis was performed on severely injured adult patients (Injury Severity Score, >15) and patients who underwent massive transfusion.

RESULTS
Prehospital LTO+WB transfusion began at this institution in January 2018. After the initiation of the WB transfusion, the mean annual cost decreased 17.3% for all blood products, and the average net difference in cost related to component blood products and LTO+WB was more than $927,000. In adults, LTO+WB was associated with a significantly lower cost/patient and cost/patient/mL compared with CT at 4 hours (p < 0.001), at 24 hours (p < 0.001), and overall (p < 0.001). In the severely injured subgroup (Injury Severity Score, >15), WB was associated with a lower cost/patient and cost/patient/mL at 4 hours (p < 0.001), 24 hours (p < 0.001), and overall (p < 0.001), with no difference in the prehospital setting. Similar findings were true in patients meeting massive transfusion criteria, although differences in injury severity may account for this finding.

CONCLUSION
With increased use of LTO+WB for resuscitation, cost comparison is of significant importance to all stakeholders. Low titer O+ WB was associated with reduced cost in severely injured patients. Ongoing analyses may improve resource utilization and benefit overall healthcare cost.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
A systematic global review of mammalian carnivore responses to production forests
Authors: Jones Evie M , Koch Amelia J , Hamede Rodrigo K , Jones Menna E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnmodified forests are increasingly rare worldwide, with forestry a major contributor to habitat modification. Extending conservation practices beyond protected areas is important to conserve forest ecosystems.We investigate the response of native mammalian carnivores (both Order Carnivora and Family Dasyuridae) to production forests globally, including harvested native forest and timber plantations. We examine how carnivores recorded in production forests use these forests versus other land uses, particularly native and unharvested forest; how habitat use relates to threatened status, body size, diet, and harvesting method; carnivore responses to habitat features within production forests; and carnivore denning, breeding, and predation behaviour in production forests.We review 294 studies recording 132 carnivore species in production forests. Carnivores generally show higher use of native and unharvested forests and lower use of agricultural land than production forests. Threatened species and large carnivores respond more negatively to production forests than non-threatened species and small carnivores respectively. Hypercarnivores respond more negatively than omnivores to plantations compared to native forest, but there was no difference in the use of harvested and unharvested native forest between these dietary groups.Surprisingly, a high proportion of carnivore species use clearfelled more than unharvested native forest. In forest with partial harvesting or reduced-impact logging, most species show no difference in use between harvested and unharvested forest.Carnivores generally respond positively to habitat features such as riparian areas and coarse woody debris. Several carnivores were recorded denning and breeding in production forests. Production forests often influence the prey availability, hunting success, and diet of carnivores.We show that many carnivores use production forests, and how they respond to production forestry varies with species traits. We recommend that production forests are managed as valuable carnivore habitat, and highlight strategies to enhance the use of these forests by carnivores.
Environmental DNA of aquatic macrophytes: the potential for reconstructing past and present vegetation and environments
Authors: Revéret Aloïs , Rijal Dilli P. , Heintzman Peter D. , Brown Antony G. , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Alsos Inger G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA is increasingly being used to reconstruct past and present biodiversity including from freshwater ecosystems. Here, we first review and compare studies that use metagenomics, targeted capture, and various barcoding and metabarcoding markers, in order to explore how each of these methods can be used to capture aquatic vegetation diversity and change. We then investigate the extent to which such a record can be leveraged for reconstructing local environmental conditions, using a case study based on macrophyte ecological niches. We find that, with state-of-the-art DNA barcode reference libraries, using metabarcoding to target the P6 loop region of the chloroplasttrnL (UAA) intron is optimal to maximise taxonomic resolution and the diversity of past macrophyte communities. Shotgun sequencing also retrieves a high proportion of aquatic macrophyte diversity, but has the lowest taxonomic resolution, and targeted capture needs to be more widely applied before comparisons can be made. From our case study, we infer past aquatic habitats from sedimentary ancient DNA records of macrophyte taxa. We reconstructed Holocene thermal range, continentality, water pH, trophic status, and light conditions in northern Fennoscandia. We show an overall stability since 9,000 years ago, even though individual lakes display different trends and variation in local climatic and physico-chemical conditions. Combined with the availability of near-exhaustive barcode and traits databases, metabarcoding data can support wider ecological reconstructions that are not limited to aquatic plant taxonomic inventories but can also be used to infer past changes in water conditions and their environmental drivers. Sedimentary DNA is also a powerful tool to measure present diversity, as well as to reconstruct past lacustrine and fluvial communities of aquatic macrophytes.
The regulation of methylation on the Z chromosome and the identification of multiple novel Male Hyper-Methylated regions in the chicken
Authors: Höglund A. , Henriksen R. , Churcher A.M. , Guerrero-Bosagna C.G. , Martinez-Barrio A. , Johnsson M. , Jensen P. , Wright D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDNA methylation is a key regulator of eukaryote genomes, and is of particular relevance in the regulation of gene expression on the sex chromosomes, with a key role in dosage compensation in mammalian XY systems. In the case of birds, dosage compensation is largely absent, with it being restricted to two small Male Hyper-Methylated (MHM) regions on the Z chromosome. To investigate how variation in DNA methylation is regulated on the Z chromosome we utilised a wild x domestic advanced intercross in the chicken, with both hypothalamic methylomes and transcriptomes assayed in 124 individuals. The relatively large numbers of individuals allowed us to identify additional genomic MHM regions on the Z chromosome that were significantly differentially methylated between the sexes. These regions appear to down-regulate local gene expression in males, but not remove it entirely (unlike the lncRNAs identified in the initial MHM regions). In addition, trans effect hotspots were also identified that were based on the autosomes but affected the Z, and also that were based on the Z chromosome but that affected autosomal DNA methylation regulation. In addition, quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate variation in methylation on the Z chromosome, and those loci that regulate methylation on the autosomes that derive from the Z chromosome were mapped. Trans-effect hotspots were also identified that were based on the autosomes but affected the Z, and also one that was based on the Z chromosome but that affected both autosomal and sex chromosome DNA methylation regulation. Our results highlight how additional MHM regions are actually present on the Z chromosome, and they appear to have smaller-scale effects on gene expression in males. Quantitative variation in methylation is also regulated both from the autosomes to the Z chromosome, and from the Z chromosome to the autosomes.
Dynamic remodelling of cadherin contacts in embryonic mesenchymal cells during differential cell migration
Authors: Rozema David , Lasko Paul , Fagotto François 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA fundamental aspect of morphogenesis is the capacity of cells to actively exchange neighbours while maintaining the overall cohesion of the tissue. These cell rearrangements require the dynamic remodelling of cadherin cell adhesions. Many studies have examined this process in tissues where it is driven by the joint action of cell protrusions and actomyosin contraction along the shrinking junction. However, cell rearrangements can also occur through differential migration. This mode of cell rearrangement, characteristic of mesenchymal tissues, is much less well understood. Here, we explore the prototypical case of the gastrulating Xenopus prechordal mesoderm, and provide the first detailed analysis at how cadherin contacts are remodelled and eventually disrupted in this type of tissue. Using a reductionist approach, including analysis of single contacts using a dual pipette aspiration setup, we unveil two concurrent mechanisms. Most cadherins are removed via “peeling”, i.e. disruption of the trans bonds and lateral diffusion out of the contact. In parallel, a remnant of cadherins concentrates at the shrinking contact, which is ultimately resolved by breakage of the link with the actin cytoskeleton, showing that the weakest link shifts at different stages of contact remodelling. Additionally, we observe recruitment of myosin peripheral to the shrinking contact, which influences the efficiency of the final detachment. Finally, manipulation of cortical tension indicates that the process is sensitive to the magnitude and orientation of the forces applied on the contact, revealing another key relationship between cell-cell adhesion and the cortical cytoskeleton. This study unravels a new modality of cell contact dynamics, which is likely to be widely relevant for highly migratory mesenchymal tissues.
Converging PMF calculations of antibiotic permeation across an outer membrane porin with sub-kilocalorie per mole accuracy
Authors: Lapierre Jeremy , Hub Jochen S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens led to a critical need for new antibiotics. A key property of effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria is their ability to permeate through the bacterial outer membrane via transmembrane porin proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are in principle capable of modeling antibiotic permeation across outer membrane porins (OMPs). However, owing to sampling problems, it has remained challenging to obtain converged potentials of mean force (PMFs) for antibiotic permeation across OMPs. Here, we investigated the convergence of PMFs obtained with three advanced flavors of the umbrella sampling (US) technique aimed to quantify the permeation of the antibiotic fosmidomycin across the OprO porin: (i) Hamiltonian replica-exchange with solute tempering in combination with US, (ii) simulated tempering-enhanced US, and (iii) replica-exchange US. To quantify the PMF convergence and to reveal hysteresis problems, we computed several independent sets of US simulations started from pulling simulations in outward and inward permeation directions. We find that replica-exchange US in combination with well-chosen restraints is highly successful for obtaining converged PMFs of fosmidomycin permeation through OprO, reaching PMFs converged to sub-kilocalorie per mole accuracy.TOC Graphic
Huntingtin Interacting Protein-1 expression is regulated via HIF2 axis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Prasad Peeyush , Chongtham Jonita , Tripathi Satyendra Chandra , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Mittal Shivani Arora , Srivastava Tapasya 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients are diagnosed late when the disease has metastasized.Krasis a prevalent mutation in NSCLC besides EGFR and TP53 and targeted therapies against this have been challenging. We have explored deregulation of an endocytic adapter protein, Huntingtin Interacting Protein-1(HIP1) and its relevance in aKrasmutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line as a model system. HIP1 RNA expression is observed to be significantly reduced in high-grade and metastatic lung cancer patients as compared to low-grade tumours and this correlates with poor survival. HIP1 depletion followed by global proteome profiling in A549 cells identified metabolic pathways to be majorly upregulated, followed by RNA transport and surveillance, amongst others. HIP1 depletion also significantly increased anchorage independent growth and invasion of these cells. However, the EMT markers did not follow the canonical regulation. We observed E-Cadherin and Vimentin induction, which is suggestive of collective migration. Additionally, we observed a hypoxic microenvironment to induce HIP1 expression, mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF2), suggesting that a HIF2-HIP1 axis can cause tumour suppression and needs further exploration.
Proteostasis and lysosomal repair deficits in transdifferentiated neurons of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chou Ching-Chieh , Vest Ryan , Prado Miguel A. , Wilson-Grady Joshua , Paulo Joao A. , Shibuya Yohei , Moran-Losada Patricia , Lee Ting-Ting , Luo Jian , Gygi Steven P. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Finley Daniel , Wernig Marius , Wyss-Coray Tony , Frydman Judith 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAging is the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanisms linking neuronal proteostasis decline to the characteristic aberrant protein deposits in AD brains remain elusive. Here, we develop transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons) from human dermal fibroblasts as a neuronal model that retains aging hallmarks and exhibits AD-linked vulnerabilities. Remarkably, AD tNeurons accumulate proteotoxic deposits, including phospho-Tau and Aβ, resembling those in AD patient and APP mouse brains. Quantitative tNeuron proteomics identify aging and AD-linked deficits in proteostasis and organelle homeostasis, most notably in endosome-lysosomal components. Lysosomal deficits in aged tNeurons, including constitutive lysosomal damage and ESCRT-mediated lysosomal repair defects, are exacerbated in AD tNeurons and linked to inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell death. Supporting lysosomal deficits’ centrality in AD, compounds ameliorating lysosomal function reduce Aβ deposits and cytokine secretion. Thus, the tNeuron model system reveals impaired lysosomal homeostasis as an early event of aging and AD.
COVID-19 impact on tourism inflow in selected Asia-Pacific countries: a gravity model framework
Authors: Goswami Gour Gobinda , Sarwar Md. Rubaiyath , Rahman Md. Mahbubur 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flows of eight Asia-Pacific Countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.Design/methodology/approachUsing monthly data from 2019M1 to 2021M10 and 48 origin and eight destination countries in a panel Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique and gravity equation framework, this paper finds that after controlling for gravity determinants, COVID-19 periods have a 0.689% lower tourism inflow than in non-COVID-19 periods. The total observations in this paper are 12,138.FindingsA 1% increase in COVID-19 transmission in the origin country leads to a 0.037% decline in tourism flow in the destination country, while the reduction is just 0.011% from the destination. On the mortality side, the corresponding decline in tourism flows from origin countries is 0.030%, whereas it is 0.038% from destination countries. A 1% increase in vaccine intensity in the destination country leads to a 0.10% improvement in tourism flows, whereas vaccinations at the source have no statistically significant effect. The results are also robust at a 1% level in a pooled OLS and random-effects specification for the same model.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings provide insights into managing tourism flows concerning transmission, death and vaccination coverage in destination and origin countries.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19-induced tourism decline may also be considered another channel through which the global recession has been aggravated. If we convert this decline in terms of loss of GDP, the global figure will be huge, and airline industries will have to cut down many service products for a long time to recover from the COVID-19-induced tourism decline.Social implicationsIt is to be realized by the policymaker and politicians that infectious diseases have no national boundary, and the problem is not local or national. That’s why it is to be faced globally with cooperation from all the countries.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to address tourism disruption due to COVID-19 in eight Asia-Pacific countries using a gravity model framework.HighlightsAsia-Pacific countries are traditionally globalized through tourism channelsThis pattern was severely affected by COVID-19 transmission and mortality and improved through vaccinationThe gravity model can be used to quantify the loss in the tourism sector due to COVID-19 shocksTransmission and mortality should be controlled both at the origin and the destination countriesVaccinations in destination countries significantly raise tourism flows