bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of risk scores as predictors of mortality and hospital length of stay for older COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Buyukaydin Banu , Karaaslan Tahsin , Uysal Omer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was intended to research the sensitivity of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), COVID‐GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores for hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality in older patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsA total of 217 patients (119 women) were included in the study. The first clinical signs, comorbidities, laboratory and radiology findings, and hospital LOS were recorded for each patient. The CCI, COVID‐GRAM, and MuLBSTA risk scores were calculated, and their sensitivities for hospital LOS and mortality were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsOf the hospitalized patients, 59 (27.2%) were followed in the intensive care unit, and mortality developed in 44 (20.3%). The CCI positively correlated with COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA scores (P < 0.001). COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA results correlated with LOS and mortality (P < 0.001). According to the ROC curve analysis, the cutoff points for mortality were 5 for CCI, 169 for COVID‐GRAM, and 9 for MuLBSTA.ConclusionOlder patients with comorbidities are the major risk group for severe COVID‐19. COVID‐GRAM and MuLBSTA scores appear to be sensitive and reliable mortality indicators for these patients.
Clustering in gas‐fluidized riser flows of flexible fibers
Authors: Xu Dandan , Wang Bo , Yu Zhaosheng , Guo Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClustering of flexible fibers in riser flows is investigated using a hybrid approach of Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Unlike spherical particles, the flexible fibers possess elongated shape, undergo significant deformation, and dissipate kinetic energies through rapid fiber deformation. The present studies show that these distinct features have significant impacts on the cluster characteristics of the fibers. A larger fiber aspect ratio leads to larger number and sizes of agglomerates, while it causes a reduction in heterogeneity of solids distribution due to the more dilute clusters with reduced packing densities. As the fibers become more flexible, the heterogeneity increases, and denser clusters are obtained. More significant effects of the fiber flexibility on the clustering are observed for the fibers with larger aspect ratios. The increased energy dissipation through the rapid fiber deformation enhances the clustering by augmenting the number and size of the agglomerates.
Protective Effects of Lovastatin in a Population‐BasedALSStudy and Mouse Model
Authors: Kreple Collin J. , Searles Nielsen Susan , Schoch Kathleen M. , Shen Tao , Shabsovich Mark , Song Yizhe , Racette Brad A. , Miller Timothy M. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to use a novel combined pharmacoepidemiologic and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model approach to identify potential motor neuron protective medications.MethodsWe constructed a large, population‐based case‐control study to investigate motor neuron disease (MND) among US Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 to 90 in 2009. We included 1,128 incident MND cases and 56,400 age, sex, race, and ethnicity matched controls. We calculated MND relative risk for >1,000 active ingredients represented in Part D (pharmacy) claims in 2006 to 2007 (>1 year before diagnosis/reference). We then applied a comprehensive screening approach to select medications for testing in SOD1G93Amice: sulfasalazine, telmisartan, and lovastatin. We treated mice with the human dose equivalent of the medication or vehicle via subcutaneous osmotic pump before onset of weakness. We then assessed weight, gait, and survival. In additional mice, we conducted histological studies.ResultsWe observed previously established medical associations for MND and an inverse dose–response association between lovastatin and MND, with 28% reduced risk at 40 mg/day. In SOD1G93Amouse studies, sulfasalazine and telmisartan conferred no benefit, whereas lovastatin treatment delayed onset and prolonged survival. Lovastatin treated mice also had less microgliosis, misfolded SOD1, and spinal motor neuron loss in the ventral horn.InterpretationLovastatin reduced the risk of ALS in humans, which was confirmed in an ALS mouse model by delayed symptom onset, prolonged survival, and preservation of motor neurons. Although further studies to understand the mechanism are required, lovastatin may represent a potential neuroprotective therapy for patients with ALS. These data demonstrate the utility of a combined pharmacoepidemiologic and mouse model approach. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:881–892
Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane
Authors: Sakata Yoko , Nakamura Ryosuke , Hibi Toshihiro , Akine Shigehisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSwitching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane‐based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so‐called “accelerator addition”, to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene‐based dumbbell‐shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2]2+ (L=2,3‐diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+‐based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br− as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2]2+ and the 27C9‐Cs+ complex.
Deciphering the Biological Activities of Antifungal Agents with Chemical Probes
Authors: Fridman Micha , Sakurai Kaori 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe growing number of fungal infections caused by pathogens resistant to one or more classes of antifungal drugs emphasizes the threat that these microorganisms pose to animal and human health and global food security. Open questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action of the limited repertoire of antifungal agents, making it challenging to rationally develop more efficacious therapeutics. In recent years, the use of chemical biology approaches has resolved some of these questions and has provided new promising concepts to guide the design of antifungal agents. By focusing on examples from studies carried out in recent years, this minireview describes the key roles that probes based on antifungal agents and their derivatives have played in uncovering details about their activities, in detecting resistance, and in characterizing the interactions between these agents and their targets.
Antifungal and Nanozyme Activities of Metal–Organic Framework‐derived CuO@C
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Mahmoud Ghada Abd‐Elmonsef 
Published: January 2023

Postharvest fungal infection is the common cause of fresh fruit losses. Thus, effective antifungal agents are highly required. Herein, copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were used as a precursor for the synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) embedded into carbon (CuO@C). The materials' crystallinity was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) approve the elemental species and concentration of copper in the synthesized materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HR‐TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal the successful formation of CuO‐embedded C, that is, CuO@C, with a particle size of 36–123 nm. CuO@C nanoparticles are used as an antifungal agent against four economic postharvest plant pathogens; Alternaria alternata (black spot disease of tomato), Fusarium oxysporum (rot disease of tomato), Penicillium digitatum (gray mold disease of lemon), and Rhizopus oryzae (soft rot disease of banana). The inhibition zones were 36 ± 0.5, 20.2 ± 0.4, 16 ± 0.5, and 10.2 ± 0.1 mm for R. oryzae, P. digitatum, F. oxysporum, and A. alternata, respectively. CuO@C antifungal action includes significant inhibition of cellulases and amylase enzyme activity, decreasing the potentiality of fungal pathogenicity and fruit disease. CuO@C exhibited high antifungal activity against postharvest antifungal species.
Investigating the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites modified by polyamide and nano‐Al2O3
Authors: Wang Liaoyuan , Sun Yuli , Chen Fayu , Zhang Guiguan , Yi Siguang , Zuo Dunwen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the effects of polyamide (PA) and nano‐Al2O3 on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) and obtain the optimal addition content of PA and nano‐Al2O3. Epoxy matrix composite (EMC) is prepared via the solution blending method using the PA as the curing agent, toughening agent, and the nano‐Al2O3 modified with the silane coupling agent as the filler. Then it is tested for tensile, hardness, impact and wear resistance performances. The results show that when the ratio of PA to EP varies in the range of 40 wt.% to 80 wt.%, increasing the PA content can improve the impact toughness and plasticity of EMC but reduce its hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance. When the content of PA is 60 wt.% of EP, the elongation at break and impact strength of EMC are increased by 66.4% and 12.9%, respectively. The mechanical performances of EMC can be enhanced by loading nano‐Al2O3 fillers in a specific range. When the content of nano‐Al2O3 is 2 wt.% of EP, the elastic modulus, the tensile strength and the wear resistance of EMC are increased by 27.9%, 20.8% and 49%, respectively. The research can provide a valid technical reference for the industrial application of EMC materials.
Immunohistochemical localization of CD146 and alpha‐smooth muscle actin during dentin formation and regeneration
Authors: Shibui Toru , Hosoya Akihiro , Takebe Hiroaki , Takahashi Masami , Seki Yuri , Fujii Saki , Irie Kazuharu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCluster of differentiation 146 (CD146) is known to localize in stem cells and precursor cells of various tissues. In this study, to analyze the function of CD146 in odontoblast differentiation, immunohistochemical localization of CD146 was examined during rat molar tooth development and after cavity preparation. At the cap and bell stages, many CD146‐positive cells were visible around the blood vessels in the dental papillae. On Postnatal day 2, osterix‐positive odontoblasts were arranged in the dentin sialoprotein (DSP)‐positive predentin, and many CD146‐positive cells were observed near these odontoblasts with blood vessels. Some perivascular CD146‐positive cells overlapped with Smad4‐positive cells. However, the immunoreactivity for alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), one of the markers for undifferentiated cells, was negligible. Furthermore, the number of these cells decreased in the dental pulp on Postnatal day 28. On Day 4 after cavity preparation, Osterix‐positive odontoblasts appeared lining the reparative dentin. Most of the blood vessels near the reparative dentin showed immunoreactivities for CD146. Reparative odontoblasts actively formed DSP‐positive dentin matrix because these cells were positive for Smad4 and Osterix, but not for α‐SMA. After 7 days, the number of CD146‐positive cells near blood vessels decreased in the dental pulp beneath the cavity. These results suggest that the CD146 is expressed in the perivascular area of the dental pulp and induces vascularization in the vicinity of dentin formation, and some CD146‐positive cells are activated by the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway and differentiate into odontoblasts in the early stages of dentin formation and repair.
Base Dependent Rearrangement of Dithiane and Dithiolane under Visible‐light Photoredox catalysis
Authors: Dharpure Pankaj D. , Behera Mousumi , Thube Archana S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rearrangement of dithiolanes and dithianes to access disulfide‐linked‐dithioesters under visible‐light photoredox catalysis via controlled C−S bond cleavage has been disclosed. Unlike, the usual deprotection of dithioacetals to corresponding aldehydes under the oxidative conditions, we observed unique regioselective oxidative reactivity of five and six membered cyclic dithioacetals to form disulfide‐linked‐dithioesters by exchanging DMAP and imidazole bases. The generality of the protocol has been demonstrated by exploring a wide range of substrates. As an application, in situ generated thiyl radical has been trapped with disulfides to prepare hetero‐disulfides of potential utility. The protocol proved to be practical on gram scale quantity and relied on clean energy source for the transformation. Based on the series of control experiments, cyclic voltammetry and Stern‐Volmer studies the plausible mechanism has been proposed.
Effect of the interdependence between subnets on the structural controllability of complex networks
Authors: Yang Yong , Tu Lilan , Chai Lang , Guo Tianjiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractControllability is a hot issue in complex networks. In this paper, without changing the number and the positions of the controllers, the effect of interdependence (viz., inter‐coupling relations) between two directed subnets that are controllable or uncontrollable on the structural controllability of complex networks is investigated. According to the Kalman rank criterion and PBH rank criterion, some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for the structural controllability or uncontrollability of interdependent networks are presented. The results show that (1) if the uncontrollable and controllable nodes in one subnet are inter‐coupled with the controllable and uncontrollable nodes in the other subnet, respectively, and the directions are from controllable nodes to the uncontrollable nodes, then the interdependent network may be controllable; (2) the interdependent network can be obtained structurally controllable if there are simply directed paths covering all the uncontrollable nodes of the two subnets, separately; and (3) the interdependent networks are structurally controllable no matter what kind of inter‐couplings between two controllable subnets. All of these results are adaptive to undirected subnets. The final example verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the results provided in this paper.
The synthesis of N‐doped carbon dots for visual differentiating and detection of tetracyclines
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Changjian , Yan Xuerong , Cheng Sijie , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractN‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) were synthesized from L‐glutamine and triethanolamine using a one‐step hydrothermal method. The N‐CDs emitting blue fluorescence had selective responses to tetracyclines (TCs) and could be used as a fluorescent probe to realize the quantitative detection and qualitative analysis of TCs. A method for the determination of TCs using the N‐CDs in actual samples was successfully established. The recovery rate was maintained at 97.50–105.60%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3%. In addition, TCs can be visually distinguished using filter paper by the different fluorescence colours (light green, dark blue, and yellow‐green) of the N‐CDs/TCs system under ultraviolet light. This study provides a relatively simple method to detect and identify TCs.
Pro‐environmental employees and sustainable hospitality and tourism businesses: Exploring strategic reasons and global motives for green behaviors
Authors: Chi Xiaoting , Meng Bo , Lee Hyerin , Chua Bee‐Lia , Han Heesup 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe promotion of low‐carbon lifestyles has led to increased emphasis on the sustainability of the hospitality and tourism industry and the pro‐environmental performance of employees in the workplace. This study examined the factors influencing the formation of employees' pro‐environmental decision‐making in the workplace by extending the traditional behavioral reasoning theory with global motives (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) and the norm‐activation model. The samples were hospitality and tourism employees. Findings of this study verified that reasons for behavior, reasons against behavior problem awareness have varying degrees of influence on global motives of employees to practice pro‐environmental activities, and the global motives and ascribed responsibility were further demonstrated as the significant indicators of personal norm that has a direct impact on pro‐environmental intentions in the workplace.
Prognosis prediction and risk factors for triple‐negative breast cancer patients with brain metastasis: A population‐based study
Authors: Yang Yuqin , Zhang Liguo , Tian Wenjing , Li Yijie , Qin Qi , Mao Yinyan , Liu Xiuling , Hong Jiawei , Hu Lingzhi , Zeng Qing’an , Zhang Qingling , Zhao Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this research we aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients with BMs (TNBC‐BM) and explore the potential risk factors.MethodsWe used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A prognostic nomogram was built and validated based on patients with BM at newly diagnosed TNBC (nTNBC‐BM). Its effect on TNBC patients with BM was also validated in an extended group. The prognostic effect of treatment and risk factors for nTNBC‐BM were further tested.ResultsA nomogram was constructed and validated to predict overall survival (OS) in TNBC‐BM patients. For patients with BM diagnosed at the initial treatment or later course, the C‐index (0.707, 0.801, and 0.685 in the training, validation, and extended groups, respectively) and calibration plots showed the acceptable prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the model. Surgery on the primary tumor and chemotherapy were found to confer significantly better OS (11 months vs. 4 months; 5 months vs. 3 months, respectively). In addition, advanced tumor/nodal stage and bilateral cancer were associated with a higher risk of nTNBC‐BM.ConclusionWe developed a sensitive and discriminative nomogram to predict OS in TNBC‐BM patients, both at initial diagnosis and the latter course. nTNBC‐BM patients may benefit more from surgery and chemotherapy than from radiotherapy. In addition, in the predictive model, TNBC patients harboring advanced tumor/nodal stages and bilateral tumors were more likely to have BM at initial diagnosis.
Application of EfficientNet‐B0 and GRU‐based deep learning on classifying the colposcopy diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions
Authors: Chen Xiaoyue , Pu Xiaowen , Chen Zhirou , Li Lanzhen , Zhao Kong‐Nan , Liu Haichun , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundColposcopy is indispensable for the diagnosis of cervical lesions. However, its diagnosis accuracy for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is at about 50%, and the accuracy is largely dependent on the skill and experience of colposcopists. The advancement in computational power made it possible for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to clinical problems. Here, we explored the feasibility and accuracy of the application of AI on precancerous and cancerous cervical colposcopic image recognition and classification.MethodsThe images were collected from 6002 colposcopy examinations of normal control, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and HSIL. For each patient, the original, Schiller test, and acetic‐acid images were all collected. We built a new neural network classification model based on the hybrid algorithm. EfficientNet‐b0 was used as the backbone network for the image feature extraction, and GRU(Gate Recurrent Unit)was applied for feature fusion of the three modes examinations (original, acetic acid, and Schiller test).ResultsThe connected network classifier achieved an accuracy of 90.61% in distinguishing HSIL from normal and LSIL. Furthermore, the model was applied to “Trichotomy”, which reached an accuracy of 91.18% in distinguishing the HSIL, LSIL and normal control at the same time.ConclusionOur results revealed that as shown by the high accuracy of AI in the classification of colposcopic images, AI exhibited great potential to be an effective tool for the accurate diagnosis of cervical disease and for early therapeutic intervention in cervical precancer.
Authentication of edible oils using an infrared spectral library and digital sample sets: A feasibility study
Authors: Sota‐Uba Isio , White Collin G. , Booksh Karl , Lavine Barry K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA potential method to determine whether two varieties of edible oils can be differentiated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is proposed using digitally generated data of adulterated edible oils from an infrared (IR) spectral library. The first step is the evaluation of digitally blended data sets. Specifically, IR spectra of adulterated edible oils are computed from digitally blending experimental data of the IR spectra of an edible oil and the corresponding adulterant using the appropriate mixing coefficients to achieve the desired level of adulteration. To determine whether two edible oils can be differentiated by FTIR spectroscopy, pure IR spectra of the two edible oils are compared with IR spectra of two edible oils digitally mixed using a genetic algorithm for pattern recognition to solve a ternary classification problem. If the IR spectra of the two edible oils and their binary mixtures are differentiable from principal component plots of the spectral data, then differences between the IR spectra of these two edible oils are of sufficient magnitude to ensure that a reliable classification by FTIR spectroscopy can be obtained. Using this approach, the feasibility of authenticating edible oils such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) directly from library spectra is demonstrated. For this study, both digital and experimental data are combined to generate training and validation data sets to assess detection limits in FTIR spectroscopy for the adulterants.
Cytotoxicities of Tumor‐Seeking Dyes: Impact on Future Clinical Trials
Authors: Muhammad Usama Syed , Gao Zhe , Arancillo Maritess , Burgess Kevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeptamethine (Cy7) dyes with meso‐Cl substituents injected intravenously (iv) into mice accumulate in tumors and persist there over several days. We believe this occurs via meso‐Cl displacement by the only free cysteine residues of albumin; therefore, conjugating tumor‐seeking dyes with fragments can increase selective therapeutic delivery to tumors and drug residence. This strategy has elevated significance recently because the first tumor‐seeking dye‐drug conjugate has moved into clinical trials. Options for further clinical research include modifying the dye, and use of preformed albumin adducts instead of dyes alone. Herein we show correlations of cytotoxicities, lipophilicities, organelle localization, apoptosis, cell‐cycle arrest, wound healing/migration assays, and reactivities/affinities with human serum albumin are difficult to observe. However, our studies arrived at an important conclusion: preformed dye‐drug‐HSA adducts are less cytotoxic, and therefore preferable for subsequent clinical work, relative to direct injection of meso‐Cl‐containing forms.