bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-based multiple component cognitive training in children with ADHD: a pilot study
Authors: Wu Yingying , Xu Lingzi , Wu Zhaomin , Cao Xiaolan , Xue Gui , Wang Yufeng , Yang Binrang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background ADHD is associated with deficits in executive functions. Cognitive training is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for ADHD, however, there is insufficient evidence to guide the selection of training for individuals with ADHD. This pilot study aims to investigate the efficacy of executive function training targeting key executive dysfunctions in ADHD, compared with general executive function training which targets other executive functions.
Methods A total of 127 subjects (6-12 years) diagnosed with ADHD were allocated to receive one of two different cognitive trainings. ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions were evaluated using parent-rated scales and CANTAB cognitive assessments. All participants were required to complete 48 training sessions within a two-month period.
Results 94 out of 127 children completed the required training and assessments. Both ADHD executive function training group and general executive function training group showed significant improvement in ADHD symptoms on the ADHD Rating Scale and in executive function on the assessment of CANTAB. There was no significant difference in improvements between the two groups. Subgroup analysis suggested that children who had ADHD-RS total scores less than or equal to28 at baseline showed greater improvement following ADHD executive function training.
Conclusions This study indicates that cognitive training can improve ADHD symptoms and executive function, with no difference in efficacy between targeted and generalized cognitive training. In addition, individuals with lower symptom severity may benefit more from training targeting key ADHD executive dysfunctions.
Efficacy of emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral stones: a meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Cheng-Xia , Lou Yi-Kai , Xu Li , Wu Guang-Hao , Zhou Xie-lai , Wang Kang-Er , Ye Chun-Hua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare the clinical efficiency and safety of emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eESWL) and delayed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (dESWL) in the treatment of ureteral stones.
Methods
Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 30, 2022, and all comparative studies involving eESWL and dESWL for ureteral calculi were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
Results
A total of 9 articles involving 976 patients diagnosed with ureteral stones were included. The results showed that the stone-free rate (SFR) after four weeks was significantly higher in the eESWL group than in the dESWL group [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62–2.96, P < 0.01]. In subgroup analysis of different stone locations, proximal ureteral calculi [OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.66–3.38, P < 0.01] and mid-to-distal ureteral calculi [OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.23–4.97, P < 0.05] all showed a higher SFR in the eESWL group. eESWL significantly shortened the stone-free time(SFT) [mean difference (MD) = -5.75, 95% CI: -9.33 to -2.17, P < 0.01]. In addition, eESWL significantly reduced auxiliary procedures [OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32–0.64, P < 0.01]. No significant difference in complications was found between the two groups [OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.56–1.27, P > 0.05].
Conclusion
eESWL can significantly improve SFR, shorten SFT, and reduce auxiliary procedures.
Deep Learning based Automated Disease Detection and Classification Model for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Pavithra A. , G KALPANA , Vigneswaran T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Plant phenotyping and Precision agriculture are information-and technology-oriented fields with specific challenges and demands for the detection and diagnosis of plant disease. Precision agriculture can be referred as a crop management method related to the spatial and temporal variability in soil and crop factors within a field. Accurate and early diagnosis and detection of plant diseases were major factors in plant production and the reduction of quantitative and qualitative losses in crop yield. Advancement of automatic disease detection and classification system is significantly explored in precision agriculture. In recent times, research workers have investigated numerous cultures leveraging dissimilar parts of a plant. This article develops a new Deep Learning based Automated Plant Disease Detection and Classification (DL-APDDC) Model for Precision Agriculture. The presented DL-APDDC algorithm concentrates on the recognition and classification of plant diseases in leaf and fruit regions. In the initial stage, the leaf and fruit regions are extracted by the use of U2Net based background removal. Next, the Adam optimizer with SqueezeNet model is exploited as feature extractor and the hyperparameters are tuned by Adam optimizer. Finally, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier performs classification of plant diseases. The experimental validation of the DL-APDDC technique is tested on benchmark plant disease dataset. The simulation values indicated the enhanced outcomes of the DL-APDDC approach over other models.
Association between mid-pregnancy HbA1c values and anemia in women without gestational diabetes
Authors: Zhai Ruixia , Wei Ruirui , Wei Zhenyan , Huo Zhiyu , Zhang Ziheng , Man Dongmei , Wang Fengge , Zhang Lihua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have examined the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels among non-diabetic people. However, there are no reports relating to the correlation between HbA1c values and anemia in women without gestational diabetes. We, therefore, examined whether there is an association between mid-pregnancy HbA1c values and anemia in women without gestational diabetes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China, from January to December 2019. Cases of single pregnancies in women above 18 years old, with recorded HbA1c values at 14-27+6 weeks of gestation, were examined. Women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or the development of GDM were excluded. The association between variations in mid-pregnancy HbA1c values and anemia was examined.
Results: Among 8553 women without gestational diabetes, univariate analysis results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between (P<.001) mid-pregnancy HbA1c values and anemia, after adjusting for confounding factors. Multivariate piecewise linear regression showed that anemia decreased when HbA1c values were <4.6% (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.15-1.04; P=.592) and increased when HbA1c values were was >4.6 % (OR 3.83; 95% CI, 2.95-4.98; P<.0001).
Conclusion: This study showed a nonlinear relationship between mid-pregnancy HbA1c values and anemia in women without gestational diabetes. When the HbA1c values increased to the inflection point, they were positively correlated with anemia. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship and the mechanisms involved in the future.
Evaluation of postoperative discomfort after strabismus surgery under general anesthesia in children: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mo Yawen , Zhang Wenjuan , Tang Xiangcheng , Zhang Rui , Wang Yinghuan , Zheng Lingling 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Strabismus surgery is most commonly performed on children under general anesthesia. However, few studies have focused on the postoperative discomfort in children after strabismus surgery.
Methods: A single-center prospective observational study including 300 children who underwent strabismus surgery after general anesthesia was conducted. Patients’ characteristics, preoperative anxiety, surgical and anesthesia data, discomfort within 24 hours after postanesthesia care unit were recorded.
Results: Approximately 61.33% of the children complained of at least one of the following types of discomfort. Multivariate analysis indicated that history of PONV (P=0.999), history of motion sickness (P<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.72), and surgery in the dominant eye (P=0.010, OR=2.00) were independent predictors of postoperative discomfort; age was an independent predictor of EA (P<0.001, OR=0.33); prism diopter≥40 was an independent predictor of headache (P=0.005, OR=5.53); age (P=0.020, OR=1.12) and history of motion sickness (P=0.001, OR=2.80) were independent predictors of dizziness; history of PONV (P=0.999), history of motion sickness (P=0.001, OR=2.63), and surgery of inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) (P=0.004, OR=3.10) were independent predictors of PONV.
Conclusion: Younger age, larger angle of strabismus, history of motion sickness, history of PONV, surgery on the dominant eye, and IOAT may be risk factors for postoperative discomfort.
Facile Synthesis of Copper Oxide Micro/-nanostructures with prospective Insecticidal Activity on Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda)
Authors: Ayoub Haytham A. , Khairy Mohamed , El-Gepaly Hosam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology provides innovative agrochemicals for improving crop production and quality by fabricating nanomaterial-based agrochemicals (i.e. nano-pesticides). The application of nano-pesticides in modern agriculture offers efficient programs for pest management. Herein, Copper oxide with flower-like structure (CuO-FLS) and rod-like structure (CuO-RLS) were synthesized via simple wet chemical methods and applied against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized CuO have a role in their insecticidal activity. The insecticidal activity for both is comparable without signifying differences between mortalities. CuO-FLS has a higher insecticidal effect (LC50 = 118.68 ppm) than CuO-RLS (LC50 = 134.95ppm).
NOx Removal and Copper Recovery from the Leaching process for Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Performance Evaluation and Potential Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Chen Tse-Lun , Chen Yen-Syun , Chiang Pen-Chi , Chen Yi-Hung , Hsu Ching-Hsiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Resource recovery is vital for small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve a circular economy. The economic benefits of the recovery of precious metals from electronic waste, such as waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), are reduced by the emission of secondary pollutants emissions from pre-treatment processes. This study recovers copper from the WPCB acid leaching process and removes NOx post-process using a high gravity rotating packed bed (RPB). The results show that the copper recovery ratio increases to 99.75% for the displacement reaction between iron powder and copper nitrate. The kinetic analysis of copper dissolution is used to simulate the NOx emissions during acid leaching with an R-square value equal to 0.872. Three oxidants, including H2O2(aq), ClO2(aq), and ozone solutions with an adjusted pH corresponding to different NaOH concentrations, are used to remove NOx. A significantly greater amount of NOx is removed using a 0.06 M NaOH solution as an absorbent. The highest NOx removal ratio is 91.2% for ozone oxidation, a 152-fold gravity level and a gas-to-liquid (G/L) ratio of 0.83. The gas side mass transfer coefficients (KGa) for NOx range from 0.003 to 0.012 1/s and are comparable to the values for previous studies. The results of a life-cycle analysis show that the NOx removal ratio, the nitric acid recycling ratio and the copper recovery ratio are 85%, 80%, and 100% so environmental impact on the ecosystem, human health and resource depletion is reduced by 10%, compared to a situation whereby no NOx is removed.
Role of ICTs In Environmental Degradation: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Saleem Fatima , Ahmed Tanvir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The present study contributes to the existing debate on environmental degradation by analyzing the role of ICTs, economic growth, renewable energy production, and environmental technologies on the carbon footprint as a proxy of environmental degradation. For this purpose, the study gathers the data of South Asian economies (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) for the period 2001 to 2018 from GFN, World Bank, and OECD data sources. The study applied ARDL cointegration to test the hypothesized relationships among modeled variables. The bounds test confirms the significant association among modeled variables in the long run. The results of ARDL show the negative impact of ICTs on the carbon footprint for the economies of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, while exhibiting a positive impact of ICTs on the carbon footprint of Nepal. Similarly, the results of ARDL depict the positive impact of economic growth on the carbon footprint of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, while the negative impact of economic growth on the carbon footprint is being reported for the Sri Lankan economy. Likewise, the results of ARDL show the negative impact of renewable energy production on the carbon footprint of Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lankan economies. Lastly, the results of ARDL show the negative impact of environmental technologies on the carbon footprint of Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. This study provides significant policy implications such as the promotion of eco-friendly technologies along with an efficient source of energy to improve the environmental quality of the South Asian economies.
Human Mobility as a Response to Inequality in Community Disaster Impact During Snowstorm Uri
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhai Wei , Yang Xiankui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Natural disasters may cause extensive damage to local communities. In 2021, the historically low-temperature snowstorm Uri hurt Texas by disrupting business and activities, constraining energy distribution and consumption, and preventing residents from accessing critical resources. To mitigate the adverse impacts of disasters and improve the preparedness of vulnerable communities, this study incorporates SafeGraph data to investigate mobility challenges during the snowstorm by aggregating foot traffic to measure mobility change and examining the varied impacts of Uri on people of different socioeconomic statuses. The results suggest: (1) when the snowstorm occurred, everyone suffered the same level of mobility constraint; (2) human mobility was constrained with extremely cold weather, and gradually recovered when the temperature raised back; (3) households of lower socioeconomic status have more loss of mobility; at the same time, they have a higher mobility recovery rate; (4) elderly people were less resilient to the snowstorm in mobility recovery; (5) road users altered from highways to arterial routes after the occurrence of Uri. The findings serve to enhance or restore critical resources to foster greater adaptability in all aspects of community resilience, provide evidence for offering additional care to vulnerable groups, and build well-prepared emergency management programs.
Intratumor spatial heterogeneity in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Pusztai Lajos , Kahn Adriana , Golestani Reza , Haringopal Malini 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is required for benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In contrast, in the neoadjuvant setting patients benefited regardless of PD-L1 expression. We hypothesized that, in stages II-III breast cancers, low levels of PD-L1 expression may be sufficient to confer sensitivity to therapy and focal expression could be missed by a biopsy. In this study, we examined intratumor spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 protein expression in multiple biopsies from different regions of breast cancers in 57 primary breast tumors (n = 33 TNBC, n = 19 estrogen receptor-positive [ER-positive], n = 5 human epidermal receptor 2-positive [HER2+]). E1L3N antibody was used to assess PD-L1 status and staining was scored using the combined positivity score (CPS) with PD-L1 positive defined as CPS ≥ 10. Overall, 19% (11/57) of tumors were PD-L1 positive based on positivity in at least 1 biopsy. Among TNBC, PD-L1 positivity was 27% (9/33). The discordance rate, defined as the same tumor yielding PD-L1 positive and negative samples in different regions, was 16% (n = 9) in the whole study population and 23% (n = 7) in TNBC. Cohen’s kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.214 for the whole study and 0.239 for TNBC, both of which falling into a non-statistically significant fair agreement range. Among all PD-L1 positive cases, 82% (n = 9/11) had positivity in only one of the tissue assessments. These results indicate that the overall 84% concordance is driven by concordant negative results. In PD-L1 positive cancers, within-tumor heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression exists.
Psychosocial well-being before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study of more than half a million Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Kozák Michal , Bakken Anders , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic had adverse effects on adolescent well-being, particularly among vulnerable groups. However, little is known about the duration of these negative changes and whether they persisted after restrictions had been lifted. Addressing this question, we used data from more than 500,000 Norwegian adolescents assessed repeatedly between 2014 and 2022. Multilevel societal growth curve analyses showed that even after Norway lifted all pandemic-related restrictions, adolescents reported lower satisfaction with peer relationships and less optimistic future life expectations, but less feelings of loneliness compared to long-term nationwide trend estimates. Moderation analyses revealed that adolescents from poor families and with low parental educational attainment suffered more adverse changes both during and after the pandemic in in a variety of domains. These results provide the first indications that widening social inequality among adolescents brought forth during the pandemic might be of more permanent nature.
CO2 Electroreduction towards CO with Near-unity Selectivity on NiCu-embedded ZIF-derived N-doped Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Weiting , Zhu Jieyun , Chen Sizhuo , Tang Juntao , Ye Jiexu , SONG Shuang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards CO is one of the most desirable routines to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration and maintain a global carbon balance. In this work, a novel porous NiCu-embedded ZIF-derived N-doped carbon nanoparticles (NiCu@NCNPs) catalyst has been identified as an active, highly selective, stable, and cost-effective catalyst in CO2 reduction. A CO selectivity as high as 100% has been achieved on NiCu@NCNPs which is the highest reported to date. The particle current density of CO on NiCu@NCNPs is around 15 mA cm–2 under the optimized potential at -0.9 V vs. RHE. The NiCu@NCNPs electrode also exhibits excellent stability during the five sequential CO2 electroreduction experiments. The superior catalytic performance of NiCu@NCNPs in CO2RR can be related to its microstructure with high electrochemical surface area and low electron transfer resistance. Furthermore, a kinetic analysis has shown the formation of intermediate *COOH is the rate-determining step in CO2RR towards CO. According to the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a low Gibbs free energy change (∆G) for the rate-determining step leads to the enhanced catalytic performance of CO2RR on NiCu@NCNPs.
Nutritional Status and Cancer: Early Detection of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients at High Risk for Cachexia by Using a Multi-Score Protocol
Authors: Guarini Vincenzo , Zurlo Ina Valeria , Giudetti Anna Maria , Leo Chiara , Leone Stefania , Piscitelli Prisco , Saracino Valeria , Leo Silvana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Elderly cancer patients are at higher risk of developing cachexia and adverse events due to antineoplastic treatments. Comprehensive Geriatric assessment (CGA) is used to evaluate the health status of elderly to identify impairments/frailty and better assess the risk/benefit ratio of therapeutic decisions. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor that further influences patients’ outcomes and should be systematically screened at hospital admission. The G8 screening tool allows to identify patients who might benefit from CGA and could help clinicians to evaluate nutritional and health status in elderly cancer patients. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) are other standardized nutritional screening tests too. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the use of a single tool is not enough to assay the real nutritional status of cancer patients.

Methods

The study involved 533 patients (282 men and 251 women) affected by solid tumor and aged ≥ 70 years old. Patients underwent CGA and MNA to quantify the risk of frailty and malnutrition. Anthropometric assessments, serum levels of albumin, the activities of daily living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), as well as the rating scale of mental status SPMSQ (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), were also performed.

Results.

Less than the half of patients had a G8 score and MNA that excluded malnutrition, whereas the most enrolled patients were at high risk for frailty and malnutrition. Anthropometric parameters and serum albumin levels alone were not able to detect malnutrition in all patients, while the association of GNRI with G8, MNA, and CGA scores allowed to specifically determine health risk in 95% of malnourished patients.

Conclusions.

The malnutrition risk could not be assessed by using a single score. The association of multiple information is required to define malnutrition’s risk among elderly people.
Accelerated epigenetic age at birth and child emotional and behavioral development in early childhood: a meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies in ECHO
Authors: Song Ashley Y. , Bulka Catherine M. , Niemiec Sierra S. , Kechris Katerina , Boyle Kristen E. , Marsit Carmen J. , O’Shea T. Michael , Fry Rebecca C. , Lyall Kristen , Fallin M. Daniele , Volk Heather E. , Ladd-Acosta Christine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: “Epigenetic clocks” have been developed to accurately predict chronologic gestational age and have been associated with child health outcomes in prior work.
Methods:We meta-analyzed results from four prospective U.S cohorts investigating the association between epigenetic age acceleration estimated using blood DNA methylation collected at birth and preschool age Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores.
Results:Epigenetic aging was not significantly associated with CBCL total problem scores (β= 0.33, 95% CI: -0.95, 0.28) and DSM-oriented pervasive development problem scores (β=-0.23, 95% CI: -0.61, 0.15). No associations were observed for other DSM-oriented subscales.
Conclusions:These findings may relate to our sample size or sample characteristics; future work should address the role of epigenetic age in child health in other study populations.