bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary outcomes of community-based CVD preventive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassen Hamid Y , Sisay Binyam G , Van Geertruyden Jean-Pierre , Le Goff Delphine , Ndejjo Rawlance , Musinguzi Geofrey , Abrams Steven , Bastiaens Hilde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:We aimed to synthesise available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane registry for studies reported between January 2000 and June 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for each study type. For some of the outcomes, we pooled the effect size using a random-effects meta-analysis.Participants:A total of fifty-one studies, thirty-three randomised and eighteen non-randomised, involving 100 746 participants were included.Results:Overall, thirty-seven studies found a statistically significant difference in at least one dietary outcome measure favouring the intervention group, whereas fourteen studies found no statistically significant difference. Our meta-analyses indicated that, compared with controls, interventions were effective in decreasing daily energy intake (MJ/d) (mean difference (MD): –0·25; 95 % CI: –0·37, –0·14), fat % of energy (MD: –1·01; 95 % CI: –1·76, –0·25) and saturated fat % of energy (MD: –1·54; 95 % CI: –2·01, –1·07). Furthermore, the interventions were effective in improving fibre intake (g/d) (MD: 1·08; 95 % CI: 0·39, 1·77). Effective interventions use various strategies including tailored individual lifestyle coaching, health education, health promotion activities, community engagement activities and/or structural changes.Conclusion:This review shows the potential of improving dietary patterns through community-based CVD preventive interventions. Thus, development and implementation of context-specific preventive interventions could help to minimise dietary risk factors, which in turn decrease morbidity and mortality due to CVD and other non-communicable diseases.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intertwin Birth Weight Discordance Among Same-Sex Twins in Lombardy, Northern Italy
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Cantarutti Anna , Mauri Paola Agnese , Franchi Matteo , Fedele Francesco , Corrao Giovanni , Parazzini Fabio , Persico Nicola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis population-based cohort study investigated the prevalence, potential risk factors, and consequences of birth weight discordance (BWD) among same-sex twins. We retrieved data from the automated system of healthcare utilization databases of Lombardy Region, Northern Italy (2007–2021). BWD was defined as 30% or more disparity in birth weights between the larger and the smaller twin. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of BWD in deliveries with same-sex twins. In addition, the distribution of several neonatal outcomes was assessed overall and according to BWD level (i.e., ≤20%, 21–29, and ≥30%). Finally, a stratified analysis by BWD was performed to assess the relationship between assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and neonatal outcomes. We identified 11,096 same-sex twin deliveries; 556 (5.0%) pairs of twins were affected by BWD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age ≥35 years (OR1.26, 95% CI [1.05,5.51]), low level of education (OR1.34, 95% CI [1.05, 1.70]), and ART (OR1.16, 95% CI [0.94, 1.44], almost significant due to the low power) were independent risk factors for BWD in same-sex twins. Conversely, parity (OR0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.89]) was inversely related. All the adverse outcomes observed were more common among BWD pairs than non-BWD ones. Instead, a protective effect of ART was observed for most neonatal outcomes considered among BWD twins. Our results suggest that conception after ART increases the risk of developing a high disparity between the weights of the two twins. However, the presence of BWD may complicate twin pregnancies, compromising neonatal outcomes, regardless of the modality of conception.
Deutschland – wirklich angekommen?
Authors: Schröer Carolin 
Published: May 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Die Probleme geflüchteter Menschen bedeuten für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem enorme Herausforderungen, die in der Wissenschaft kontinuierlich thematisiert und diskutiert werden. Oftmals erkranken die Betroffenen aufgrund ihrer Erlebnisse an einer Traumafolgestörung und benötigen umfangreiche Unterstützung. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Um die Komplexität der Thematik zu erfassen, wird die theoretische Grundlage dargestellt und einzelne Lösungsansätze werden präsentiert und diskutiert. Es wird sowohl auf die Perspektive der geflüchteten Menschen als auch auf die Sicht der Fachkräfte eingegangen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Eine kontinuierliche Sensibilisierung für die Relevanz der Thematik ist nicht nur auf gesellschaftlicher und politischer Ebene wichtig, sondern auch in der täglichen Arbeit mit geflüchteten Menschen unumgänglich. Dadurch können Barrieren reduziert und eine Verbesserung der Netzwerkarbeit erreicht werden.
InSAR‐Derived Horizontal Velocities in a Global Reference Frame
Authors: Lazecký M. , Hooper A. J. , Piromthong P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar is used to measure deformation rates over continents to constrain tectonic processes. The resulting velocity measurements are only relative, however, due to unknown integer ambiguities introduced during propagation of the signal through the atmosphere. These ambiguities mostly cancel when using spectral diversity to estimate along‐track motion, allowing measurements to be made with respect to a global reference frame. Here, we calculate along‐track velocities for a partial global data set of Sentinel‐1 acquisitions and find good agreement with ITRF2014 plate motion model and measurements from GPS stations. We include corrections for solid‐earth tides and gradients of ionospheric total electron content. Combining data from ascending and descending orbits we are able to estimate north and east velocities over 250 × 250 km areas and their accuracy of 4 and 23 mm/year, respectively. These “absolute” measurements can be particularly useful for global velocity and strain rate estimation where GNSS measurements are sparse.
Marine Cold‐Air Outbreak Snowfall in the North Atlantic: A CloudSat Perspective
Authors: Mateling Marian E. , Pettersen Claire , Kulie Mark S. , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of marine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAO) on snowfall and cloud properties in the North Atlantic Ocean using CloudSat observations. Comparing reanalysis‐determined MCAO conditions (low‐level instability) against “non‐CAO” conditions, we find that MCAO conditions are associated with predominantly light snowfall rates (<2 mm day−1 liquid water equivalent) whereas non‐CAO conditions are more frequently associated with higher snowfall rates. Near cold‐air sources, such as sea ice or cold continents, MCAO‐forced snowfall rates tend to be more frequent and more intense. Additionally, 76% of snowing clouds identified during MCAO conditions are shallow (mean cloud top height <3 km) stratocumulus, whereas 44% (43%) of clouds in non‐CAO conditions are deeper nimbostratus (stratocumulus). With greater boundary layer instability (stronger MCAO conditions), CloudSat observes higher cloud‐top heights, reflecting a deepening boundary layer and the presence of two distinct cloud modes during MCAO conditions.
Fitting Cumulus Cloud Size Distributions From Idealized Cloud Resolving Model Simulations
Authors: Savre Julien , Craig George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhereas it is now widely accepted that cumulus cloud sizes are power‐law distributed, characteristic exponents reported in the literature vary greatly, generally taking values between 1 and >3. Although these differences might be explained by variations in environmental conditions or physical processes organizing the cloud ensembles, the use of improper fitting methods may also introduce large biases. To address this issue, we propose to use a combination of maximum likelihood estimation and goodness‐of‐fit tests to provide more robust power‐law fits while systematically identifying the size range over which these fits are valid. The procedure is applied to cloud size distributions extracted from two idealized high‐resolution simulations displaying different organization characteristics. Overall, power‐laws are found to be outperformed by alternative distributions in almost all situations. When clouds are identified based on a condensed water path threshold, using power‐laws with an exponential cutoff yields the best results as it provides superior fits in the tail of the cloud size distributions. For clouds identified using a combination of water content and updraft velocity thresholds in the free troposphere, no substantial improvement over pure power‐laws can be found when considering more complex two‐parameter distributions. In this context however, exponential distributions provide results that are as good as, if not better than power‐laws. Finally, it is demonstrated that the emergence of scale free behaviors in cloud size distributions is related to exponentially distributed cloud cores merging as they are brought closer to each other by underlying organizing mechanisms.
Machine‐Learned Climate Model Corrections From a Global Storm‐Resolving Model: Performance Across the Annual Cycle
Authors: Kwa Anna , Clark Spencer K. , Henn Brian , Brenowitz Noah D. , McGibbon Jeremy , Watt‐Meyer Oliver , Perkins W. Andre , Harris Lucas , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne approach to improving the accuracy of a coarse‐grid global climate model is to add machine‐learned (ML) state‐dependent corrections to the prognosed model tendencies, such that the climate model evolves more like a reference fine‐grid global storm‐resolving model (GSRM). Our past work demonstrating this approach was trained with short (40‐day) simulations of GFDL's X‐SHiELD GSRM with 3 km global horizontal grid spacing. Here, we extend this approach to span the full annual cycle by training and testing our ML using a new year‐long GSRM simulation. Our corrective ML models are trained by learning the state‐dependent tendencies of temperature and humidity and surface radiative fluxes needed to nudge a closely related 200 km grid coarse model, FV3GFS, to the GSRM evolution. Coarse‐grid simulations adding these learned ML corrections run stably for multiple years. Compared to a no‐ML baseline, the time‐mean spatial pattern errors with respect to the fine‐grid target are reduced by 6%–26% for land surface temperature and 9%–25% for land surface precipitation. The ML‐corrected simulations develop other biases in climate and circulation that differ from, but have comparable amplitude to, the no‐ML baseline simulation.
Why Did the 2017 Kuroshio Large Meander Event Become the Longest in the Past 70 Years?
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming , Oka Eitarou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Kuroshio south of Japan is known to vacillate between a straight and a large meander (LM) path. Since 1950, eight LM events have been observed with different durations. The most recent/on‐going LM started in August 2017 and has become the longest event in record. By analyzing eddy‐resolving sea surface height data and by adopting a wind‐forced linear vorticity model, we demonstrate that the on‐going LM is maintained by an exceptionally stable dynamic state of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) forced by wind stresses across the Pacific basin. The highly‐stable KE system not only minimizes westward eddy perturbations from disrupting the upstream Kuroshio path, its strengthened southern recirculation gyre further helps to anchor the Kuroshio across the Izu Ridge. By contrasting the on‐going event to the 2004–2005 event, we argue that the LM duration is more sensitive to the wind‐forced KE dynamic state than the eastward Kuroshio transport south of Japan.
Freestanding region-responsive bilayer for functional packaging of ingestible devices
Authors: Straker Michael A. , Levy Joshua A. , Stine Justin M. , Borbash Vivian , Beardslee Luke A. , Ghodssi Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIngestible capsules have the potential to become an attractive alternative to traditional means of treating and detecting gastrointestinal (GI) disease. As device complexity increases, so too does the demand for more effective capsule packaging technologies to elegantly target specific GI locations. While pH-responsive coatings have been traditionally used for the passive targeting of specific GI regions, their application is limited due to the geometric restrictions imposed by standard coating methods. Dip, pan, and spray coating methods only enable the protection of microscale unsupported openings against the harsh GI environment. However, some emerging technologies have millimeter-scale components for performing functions such as sensing and drug delivery. To this end, we present the freestanding region-responsive bilayer (FRRB), a packaging technology for ingestible capsules that can be readily applied for various functional ingestible capsule components. The bilayer is composed of rigid polyethylene glycol (PEG) under a flexible pH-responsive Eudragit® FL 30 D 55, which protects the contents of the capsule until it arrives in the targeted intestinal environment. The FRRB can be fabricated in a multitude of shapes that facilitate various functional packaging mechanisms, some of which are demonstrated here. In this paper, we characterize and validate the use of this technology in a simulated intestinal environment, confirming that the FRRB can be tuned for small intestinal release. We also show a case example where the FRRB is used to protect and expose a thermomechanical actuator for targeted drug delivery.
Protein glycosylation alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: function and clinical implications
Authors: Wang Yifei , Chen Huarong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Understanding the cancer mechanisms provides novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers for the management of HCC disease. In addition to genomic and epigenomic regulation, post-translational modification exerts a profound influence on protein functions and plays a critical role in regulating various biological processes. Protein glycosylation is one of the most common and complex post-translational modifications of newly synthesized proteins and acts as an important regulatory mechanism that is implicated in fundamental molecular and cell biology processes. Recent studies in glycobiology suggest that aberrant protein glycosylation in hepatocytes contributes to the malignant transformation to HCC by modulating a wide range of pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways. The dysregulated protein glycosylation regulates cancer growth, metastasis, stemness, immune evasion, and therapy resistance, and is regarded as a hallmark of HCC. Changes in protein glycosylation could serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic factors in HCC. In this review, we summarize the functional importance, molecular mechanism, and clinical application of protein glycosylation alterations in HCC.
Electrochemical grippers based on the tuning of surface forces for applications in micro- and nanorobotics
Authors: Karg A. , Kuznetsov V. , Helfricht N. , Lippitz M. , Papastavrou G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExisting approaches to robotic manipulation often rely on external mechanical devices, such as hydraulic and pneumatic devices or grippers. Both types of devices can be adapted to microrobots only with difficulties and for nanorobots not all. Here, we present a fundamentally different approach that is based on tuning the acting surface forces themselves rather than applying external forces by grippers. Tuning of forces is achieved by the electrochemical control of an electrode’s diffuse layer. Such electrochemical grippers can be integrated directly into an atomic force microscope, allowing for ‘pick and place’ procedures typically used in macroscopic robotics. Due to the low potentials involved, small autonomous robots could as well be equipped with these electrochemical grippers that will be particularly useful in soft robotics as well as nanorobotics. Moreover, these grippers have no moving parts and can be incorporated in new concepts for actuators. The concept can easily be scaled down and applied to a wide range of objects, such as colloids, proteins, and macromolecules.
Financial inclusion helps rural households address climate risk
Authors: Chhatre Ashwini , Deuskar Prachi , Mohib Javed , Bhardwaj Deepanshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFinancial inclusion plays an important role in helping households manage risks, but its role in mitigating climate risks is unexplored. Access to formal financial institutions in regions with high climate risks increases households’ access to liquidity that they need to buffer against climate shocks. Using longitudinal data from 1082 rural households located in the semi-arid tropics in India, we find that households facing high climate risks hold a higher proportion of assets in liquid form. Access to formal financial services, however, reduces the need to keep liquid assets to be able to respond to high climate variability. Our results suggest that expanded financial inclusion in regions with high climate variability can reallocate resources held in unproductive liquid assets to invest in climate adaptation.
Rainfall variability patterns in Nigeria during the rainy season
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Abu Itohan-Osa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo enhance the physical understanding of the circulation patterns associated with rainfall variations in Nigeria, we spatially decomposed rainfall during the rainy season and uncovered the asymmetric atmospheric circulation patterns driving wet and dry regimes in specific parts of Nigeria. Also, we examined linear trends in rainfall and the circulation patterns driving the trends. Our result shows that during the analysis period (1979–2022), northern part of Nigeria has coherent rainfall anomaly that is coupled with rainfall variations over the Sahel (Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is 0.55), and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) in the global oceans (r = $$\left|0.5\right|$$

0.5

). The negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and the North Pacific Oscillation; and the positive phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific warm pool are associated with rainfall increase over the northern part of Nigeria. Owing to the increasing trend in SSTa over the Mediterranean and the adjacent oceans, implying the weakening of dry northerly winds penetrating northern Nigeria, the rainfall trend is significantly positive in the northern part of Nigeria during the rainy season—with an increase of about 2–4 mm/year, especially during August. The circulation patterns associated with rainfall formation at the western and southeastern parts of Nigeria are shown to be associated with SSTa over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, south coast of Nigeria (r = $$\left|0.4\right|$$

0.4

). Moreover, rainfall shows a negative trend, with a decrease of about 5 mm/year, in the southeastern parts of Nigeria, which can be linked to the warming trend over the Gulf of Guinea.
Effect of viscosity of experimental universal adhesive on bond strength to dentin prepared with Er:YAG laser
Authors: Kamitsu Takehiro , Shimomura-Kuroki Junko , Shinkai Koichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the effect of universal adhesive (UA) viscosity on the bond strength of resin composite to dentin prepared with Er:YAG laser. Four experimental UAs (SI-1, SI-2, SI-3, and SI-4) were developed by adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt/% nanosilica to BeautyBond Xtreme (Shofu), respectively. BeautyBond Xtreme was used as a control (SI-0). The viscosities of experimental UAs were measured using a B-type viscometer. After bovine mandibular anterior teeth were ground with #600 emery paper to obtain the flattened dentin surfaces, the dentin surfaces were cut thinly by irradiating the Er:YAG laser. Specimens were prepared using the respective UA and flowable resin composite and subjected to the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test. The data from viscosity measurement and the μTBS test were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The mean values of viscosity significantly differed among the all experimental groups (p < 0.01). The μTBS of SI-1 and SI-2 was significantly higher than that of SI-0, SI-3, and SI-4 (p < 0.001). The μTBS of SI-0 was significantly lower than that of SI-4 (p < 0.001). The viscosities of the experimental universal adhesives significantly affected their bond strength to laser-cut dentin.
GDE7 produces cyclic phosphatidic acid in the ER lumen functioning as a lysophospholipid mediator
Authors: Kitakaze Keisuke , Ali Hanif , Kimoto Raiki , Takenouchi Yasuhiro , Ishimaru Hironobu , Yamashita Atsushi , Ueda Natsuo , Tanaka Tamotsu , Okamoto Yasuo , Tsuboi Kazuhito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a lipid mediator, which regulates adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis by suppressing nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Glycerophosphodiesterase 7 (GDE7) is a Ca2+-dependent lysophospholipase D that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although mouse GDE7 catalyzes cPA production in a cell-free system, it is unknown whether GDE7 generates cPA in living cells. Here, we demonstrate that human GDE7 possesses cPA-producing activity in living cells as well as in a cell-free system. Furthermore, the active site of human GDE7 is directed towards the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutagenesis revealed that amino acid residues F227 and Y238 are important for catalytic activity. GDE7 suppresses the PPARγ pathway in human mammary MCF-7 and mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that cPA functions as an intracellular lipid mediator. These findings lead to a better understanding of the biological role of GDE7 and its product, cPA.
An image‐based facial acupoint detection approach using high‐resolution network and attention fusion
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yang Hongyu , Ge Wenyi , Lin Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the prevalence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), automation techniques are highly required to support the therapy and save human resources. As the fundamental of the TCM treatment, acupoint detection is attracting research attention in both academic and industrial domains, while current approaches suffer from poor accuracy even with sparse acupoints or require extra equipment. In this study, considering the decision‐making knowledge of human experts, an image‐based deep learning approach is proposed to detect facial acupoints by localising the centre of acupoints. In the proposed approach, high‐resolution networks are selected as the backbone to learn informative facial features with different resolution paths. To fuse the learnt features from the high‐resolution network, a resolution, channel, and spatial attention‐based fusion module is innovatively proposed to imitate human decision, that is, focusing on the facial features to detect required acupoints. Finally, the heatmap is designed to integrally achieve the acupoint classification and position localisation in a single step. A small‐scale real‐world dataset is constructed and annotated to evaluate the proposed approach based on the authorised face dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach outperforms other baseline models, achieving a 2.4228% normalised mean error. Most importantly, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed technical improvements are also confirmed by extensive experiments. The authors believe that the proposed approach can achieve acupoint detection with considerable high performance, and further support TCM automation.