bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel sandwich structured wheel to achieve mirror finish in grinding of a mould steel
Authors: Lin Feihong , Liu Chao , Tang Xiaotian , Liu Cheng , Guo Ke , Jin Tan , Shang Zhentao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A novel manufacturing tool called sandwich flexible elastic grinding wheel is developed to achieve high material removal rates and machined finish of a mould steel. This tool is made of aluminium matrix, ethylene propylene rubber layer and abrasive layer. Ethylene propylene rubber layer has great elasticity and produces elastic deformation when contacting with the workpiece. With the existence of an abrasive layer, rigidity at small scales allows grinding to occur, which can effectively remove the residual height of the surface and improve the surface quality. In this paper, influences of grinding process parameters of the sandwich elastic grinding wheel on the key characterisation parameters of surface integrity are studied, and the surface roughness and material removal rates under various process parameters are investigated. Then, the process parameters that are suitable for mirror machining are selected by experiments and are demonstrated on an S136 mould steel workpiece. Mirror finish can be achieved by single processing. The surface roughness of the mould steel converges from the original Ra142 nm to Ra7.42 nm, the surface texture is more compact and regular, and the surface integrity is significantly improved.
A pot-core eddy current sensor based on DC magnetization
Authors: Ou Zhengyu , Dong Shihao , Xu Cheng , Cen Jisong , Han Zandong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to the limitation of the skin effect of traditional eddy current sensors, it is difficult to sense internal defects. This paper proposes a pot-core eddy current sensor based on DC magnetization, which uses DC magnetization to excite the permeability perturbation of internal defects in the surface of samples and uses a pot-core eddy current sensor with higher efficiency to sense the perturbation, thus realizing the detection of defects. The phenomenon of permeability perturbation is analyzed by simulation, and experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the sensor. Also, the effects of magnetizing current and defect size are investigated experimentally. The results show that the sensor can realize the detection of the small internal defect with an unsaturated magnetizing current.
Study on calibration method of electrical parameter tester for industrial digital electronic detonator
Authors: Deng Bin , Zhao Dongsheng , Wang Dalong , Jia Ru , Sun Xiaoyan , Ma Xuefeng , Guan Zexin , Dong Guangkun , Wang Xinyan , Yan Hongrui , Chen Wenshu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
By the end of 2022, the civil explosive industry has realized the full use of industrial electronic detonators, which has promoted the upgrading of the electrical parameter tester of industrial electronic detonators. The original calibration method can no longer meet its traceability requirements. According to the working principle of the industrial digital electronic detonator electrical parameter tester, this paper studies the calibration method of the delay time, DC resistance (firing bridge wire resistance), DC current, internal crystal oscillator signal (frequency) and other parameters, simulates and assembles a set of measuring standard device, and analyzes the sources of uncertainty of the industrial digital electronic detonator electrical parameter tester, which is solved the problem of quantity value traceability of industrial digital electronic detonator electrical parameter tester in civil explosive industry.
Large-scale stealth trajectory optimization based on hybrid A*-Gauss pseudospectral method
Authors: Qiu Jiaduo , Xiao Shaoqiu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For airborne electronic countermeasures, a practical and feasible stealth trajectory with low observability significantly impacts mission success. However, for long-range and large-scale trajectory optimization problems, the significant increase in the state space size will affect the feasibility and optimality of the problem solution. This paper proposes a hybrid trajectory optimization method to address the above issues. First, the A* (A-star) algorithm and cubic B-spline curve fitting method are used to generate the corresponding waypoints in the predetermined grid map under the radar detection threat to satisfy the trajectory stealth effect at the macro level. Then, the optimal control model (OCP) with the shortest flight time is solved between the waypoints to obtain segmented trajectories. Finally, the above state-control variable sequences are further used to solve the optimal control problem of the micro-level stealth trajectory coupling the radar cross section (RCS) by Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM). The numerical simulation results validate the proposed hybrid optimization method.
Leading role of outer-Arctic circulation transport in AMOC response to global warming over a century
Authors: Chen Jiao , Wang Xidong , Wang Xuezhu , Semmler Tido 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Using the Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI-CM 1.1 LR), we explored how Arctic and extra-Arctic warming affect the response of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to quadruple carbon dioxide (4 × CO2) forcing. The results suggest that AMOC weakening is mainly affected by circulation adjustment caused by extra-Arctic warming, while Arctic warming has a limited local impact and a relatively small contribution to AMOC weakening. Due to the warming outside the Arctic, the increase in northward advective heat transport dominates the weakening of deep convection in Nordic Seas. While in the Labrador Sea, the decrease in advection heat transport is compensated by a more significant decrease in ocean heat loss to the atmosphere, leading to an enhancement of the upper ocean stratification. Besides, the weakening of deep convection associated with AMOC response under global warming is more pronounced in Nordic Seas than in Labrador Sea.
Local wellposedness of the relativistic Vlasov–Poisson equation in Besov space
Authors: Wang Yiliu , Zhang Xianwen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We obtain the local existence and uniqueness of solution to the relativistic Vlasov–Poisson system in Besov space, extending the non-relativistic result to the relativistic case. Weaker regularity is required for the initial datum by optimizing the commutator estimates related to the field. Commutator estimates associated with relativistic velocity are proved by dyadic decomposition of the frequency space and the decreasing properties of Bessel potential.
Temperature dependent temporal coherence of metallic-nanoparticle-induced single-photon emitters in a WSe2 monolayer
Authors: von Helversen Martin , Greten Lara , Limame Imad , Shih Ching-Wen , Schlaugat Paul , Antón-Solanas Carlos , Schneider Christian , Rosa Bárbara , Knorr Andreas , Reitzenstein Stephan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, much research has been undertaken to investigate the suitability of two-dimensional materials to act as single-photon sources with high optical and quantum optical quality. Amongst them, transition-metal dichalcogenides, especially WSe2, have been one of the subjects of intensive studies. Yet, their single-photon purity and photon indistinguishability remain the most significant challenges to compete with mature semiconducting systems such as self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots. In this work, we explore the emission properties of quantum emitters in a WSe2 monolayer which are induced by metallic nanoparticles. Under quasi-resonant pulsed excitation, we verify clean single-photon emission with a g
(2)(0) = 0.036 ± 0.004. Furthermore, we determine the temperature dependent coherence time via Michelson interferometry, where a value of (13.5 ± 1.0) ps is extracted for the zero-phonon line at 4 K, which reduces to (9 ± 2) ps at 8 K. Associated time-resolved photoluminescence experiments reveal a decrease of the decay time from (2.4 ± 0.1) ns to (0.42 ± 0.05) ns. This change in decay time is explained by a model which considers a Förster-type resonant energy transfer process which yields a strong temperature induced energy loss from the single-photon emitters to the nearby Ag nanoparticle.
Evaluating the performance of electrical discharge face grinding on super alloy monel 400
Authors: Kulshrestha Akshat Srivastava , Haldar Barun , Unune Deepak Rajendra , Dargar Ashok Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Conventional machining of super alloy Monel 400 is difficult due to its high strength, low heat conductivity, and gummy nature. In this work, the performance of the electrical discharge diamond face grinding (EDDFG) while processing supper alloy Monel 400 is assessed using the super abrasive diamond-coated grinding wheels of three different grit numbers. Preliminary experiments highlighted the superior performance of the EDDFG as compared to that of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and electrical discharge face grinding (EDFG); in terms of material removal rate (MRR), average surface roughness (Ra), and microscopic images of surfaces using scanning electron microscope (SEM). This work aimed to assess the influence of the diamond grit number (DG

n
) of the grinding wheel along with other process parameters, viz. grinding wheel speed (GWS), peak current (I

p
), and pulse-on-time (T

on
) on Ra and MRR. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that DG

n
and GWS significantly affect the response variables. Finally, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach was used to determine the optimal parametric settings of the EDDFG process.
Decision-making capacity in older medical in-patients: frequency of assessment and rates of incapacity by decision-type and underlying brain/mind impairment
Authors: Gan Jasmine M , Riley Josie , Basting Romina , Demeyere Nele , Pendlebury Sarah T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Hospital clinicians find mental capacity assessment challenging and may lack the necessary skills. Given high rates of cognitive impairment, data on mental capacity assessment in real-world hospital cohorts are required to inform the need for staff training and workforce planning.

Objectives
In unselected medical inpatients, we determined the rate and outcome of mental capacity assessment by decision type and underlying brain/mind disorder, and recorded the discipline of the assessor.

Methods
We included consecutive patients (October–November 2018; November–December 2019) admitted to the complex medicine unit providing acute multidisciplinary care for multi-morbid patients (age ≥ 16 years, average age &gt; 80 years). Audit data were collected at ward multidisciplinary meetings and extracted from electronic patient records.

Results
Among 892 patients (mean/SD age = 82.8/8.6, 465 male), 140 (16%) required mental capacity assessment (40/140 (29%) had ≥2 assessments) with 203 assessments in total of which 162 (80%) were done by doctors. Capacity was deemed lacking in 124 (61%) assessments, most commonly in delirium with/without other co-morbid conditions (94/114, 82%) or dementia (9/12, 75%) with lower rates in other disorders (15/27, 56%), and no formal diagnosis of brain/mind disorder (6/50, 12%). Cognitive test scores were overall lower in those lacking capacity (mean/SD abbreviated-mental-test-score = 5.2/2.6, range = 0–10 versus 6.8/2.8, P = 0.001, range = 1–10). Decisions involving discharge planning were most often assessed (48%) followed by treatment (29%), discharge against medical advice (12%) and others (11%).

Conclusion
Mental capacity assessments were performed frequently and often repeated, justifying the need for robust training in the practical application of the principles of capacity assessment for staff managing complex older patients.
pLM-BLAST: distant homology detection based on direct comparison of sequence representations from protein language models
Authors: Kaminski Kamil , Ludwiczak Jan , Pawlicki Kamil , Alva Vikram , Dunin-Horkawicz Stanislaw 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The detection of homology through sequence comparison is a typical first step in the study of protein function and evolution. In this work, we explore the applicability of protein language models to this task.

Results
We introduce pLM-BLAST, a tool inspired by BLAST, that detects distant homology by comparing single-sequence representations (embeddings) derived from a protein language model, ProtT5. Our benchmarks reveal that pLM-BLAST maintains a level of accuracy on par with HHsearch for both highly similar sequences (with &gt;50% identity) and markedly divergent sequences (with &lt;30% identity), while being significantly faster. Additionally, pLM-BLAST stands out among other embedding-based tools due to its ability to compute local alignments. We show that these local alignments, produced by pLM-BLAST, often connect highly divergent proteins, thereby highlighting its potential to uncover previously undiscovered homologous relationships and improve protein annotation.

Availability and implementation
pLM-BLAST is accessible via the MPI Bioinformatics Toolkit as a web server for searching precomputed databases (https://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/tools/plmblast). It is also available as a standalone tool for building custom databases and performing batch searches (https://github.com/labstructbioinf/pLM-BLAST).
Interventions to tackle health inequalities in cardiovascular risks for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations: a rapid review
Authors: Fu Yu , Yu Ge , Maulana Naswa , Thomson Katie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has shown significant health inequalities for people with low socioeconomic status associated with more risk factors. This review was to synthesize interventions that targeted CVD risks and outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and to understand the impact associated with these interventions.

Sources of data
Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for records published in the last decade using a systematic search strategy, complemented by screening the reference lists and citation indexes. Nineteen studies were included and a narrative synthesis with the effect direction plot was undertaken in which studies, interventions, participants and outcomes were examined according to the intervention type focusing on behaviours, lifestyle, education, medication and monitoring.

Areas of agreement
No universal definition of disadvantaged socioeconomic status was used with common factors relating to racial/ethnic minorities, low income and low or no health insurance. Mixed effects of interventions were reported on clinical outcomes including weight, body mass index, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin and cholesterol.

Areas of controversy
Inconsistent effect was reported due to a large variety of settings, participants and intervention components although they are considered necessary to address the complex health needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

Growing points
There is inadequate evidence to determine whether any of the intervention types are effective in optimising lipids management for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

Areas timely for developing research
Research is needed with mixed evidence using real world evaluation and lived experience combined with health economic evaluation, on both mental and physical health outcomes.
Interleukin-11 and its eminent role in tissue fibrosis: a possible therapeutic target
Authors: O’Reilly Steven 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Interleukin-11 is a cytokine from the IL-6 family of cytokines that includes IL-6 and oncostatin-M. Initially described for its role in platelet generation, it is now appreciated that this cytokine has multiple functions. Recently it has been found that IL-11 is critical in fibrosis in multiple different organ systems and systemically as in the autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis. Animal models of fibrosis have determined that animals with IL-11 receptor deletions have retarded fibrosis and that in wild-type animals IL-11 is found at the organ of fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that IL-11 may be a master regulator of fibrosis regardless of end target organ. With the development of neutralizing antibodies targeting the cytokine in pre-clinical models this could be a possible therapeutic, in a disease in which no specific therapies exist. This review appraises the evidence of the role of IL-11 in tissue fibrosis, its signalling properties, and therapeutic targeting. The review ends with an appraisal of indications for which IL-11 modulation is targeted.
The frontooccipital interaction mechanism of high-frequency acoustoelectric signal
Authors: Song Xizi , Huang Peishan , Chen Xinrui , Xu Minpeng , Ming Dong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Based on acoustoelectric effect, acoustoelectric brain imaging has been proposed, which is a high spatiotemporal resolution neural imaging method. At the focal spot, brain electrical activity is encoded by focused ultrasound, and corresponding high-frequency acoustoelectric signal is generated. Previous studies have revealed that acoustoelectric signal can also be detected in other non-focal brain regions. However, the processing mechanism of acoustoelectric signal between different brain regions remains sparse. Here, with acoustoelectric signal generated in the left primary visual cortex, we investigated the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal propagation characteristics of acoustoelectric signal in the transmission. We observed a strongest transmission strength within the frontal lobe, and the global temporal statistics indicated that the frontal lobe features in acoustoelectric signal transmission. Then, cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling was used to investigate the coordinated activity in the AE signal band range between frontal and occipital lobes. The results showed that intra-structural cross-frequency coupling and cross-structural coupling co-occurred between these two lobes, and, accordingly, high-frequency brain activity in the frontal lobe was effectively coordinated by distant occipital lobe. This study revealed the frontooccipital long-range interaction mechanism of acoustoelectric signal, which is the foundation of improving the performance of acoustoelectric brain imaging.
Regulation of young-adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2)
Authors: Ortega-Gascó Alba , Parcerisas Antoni , Hino Keiko , Herranz-Pérez Vicente , Ulloa Fausto , Elias-Tersa Alba , Bosch Miquel , García-Verdugo José Manuel , Simó Sergi , Pujadas Lluís , Soriano Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in mammals in the neurogenic zones, where newborn neurons are incorporated into preexisting circuits to preserve and improve learning and memory tasks. Relevant structural elements of the neurogenic niches include the family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which participate in signal transduction and regulate the survival, division, and differentiation of radial glial progenitors (RGPs). Here we analyzed the functions of neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) in the regulation of RGPs in adult neurogenesis and during corticogenesis. We characterized the presence of NCAM2 across the main cell types of the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus, revealing different levels of NCAM2 amid the progression of RGPs and the formation of neurons. We showed that Ncam2 overexpression in adult mice arrested progenitors in an RGP-like state, affecting the normal course of young-adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, changes in Ncam2 levels during corticogenesis led to transient migratory deficits but did not affect the survival and proliferation of RGPs, suggesting a differential role of NCAM2 in adult and embryonic stages. Our data reinforce the relevance of CAMs in the neurogenic process by revealing a significant role of Ncam2 levels in the regulation of RGPs during young-adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
Cross-modal exposure restores multisensory enhancement after hemianopia
Authors: Bean Naomi L , Stein Barry E , Rowland Benjamin A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hemianopia is a common consequence of unilateral damage to visual cortex that manifests as a profound blindness in contralesional space. A noninvasive cross-modal (visual–auditory) exposure paradigm has been developed in an animal model to ameliorate this disorder. Repeated stimulation of a visual–auditory stimulus restores overt responses to visual stimuli in the blinded hemifield. It is believed to accomplish this by enhancing the visual sensitivity of circuits remaining after a lesion of visual cortex; in particular, circuits involving the multisensory neurons of the superior colliculus. Neurons in this midbrain structure are known to integrate spatiotemporally congruent visual and auditory signals to amplify their responses, which, in turn, enhances behavioral performance. Here we evaluated the relationship between the rehabilitation of hemianopia and this process of multisensory integration. Induction of hemianopia also eliminated multisensory enhancement in the blinded hemifield. Both vision and multisensory enhancement rapidly recovered with the rehabilitative cross-modal exposures. However, although both reached pre-lesion levels at similar rates, they did so with different spatial patterns. The results suggest that the capability for multisensory integration and enhancement is not a pre-requisite for visual recovery in hemianopia, and that the underlying mechanisms for recovery may be more complex than currently appreciated.
Distinct Features of Plasma Ultrashort Single-Stranded Cell-Free DNA as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: Cheng Jordan , Swarup Neeti , Li Feng , Kordi Misagh , Lin Chien-Chung , Yang Szu-Chun , Huang Wei-Lun , Aziz Mohammad , Kim Yong , Chia David , Yeh Yu-Min , Wei Fang , Zheng David , Zhang Liying , Pellegrini Matteo , Su Wu-Chou , Wong David T W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Using broad range cell-free DNA sequencing (BRcfDNA-Seq), a nontargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology, we previously identified a novel class of approximately 50 nt ultrashort single-stranded cell-free DNA (uscfDNA) in plasma that is distinctly different from 167 bp mononucleosomal cell-free DNA (mncfDNA). We hypothesize that uscfDNA possesses characteristics that are useful for disease detection.

Methods
Using BRcfDNA-Seq, we examined both cfDNA populations in the plasma of 18 noncancer controls and 14 patients with late-stage nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In comparison to mncfDNA, we assessed whether functional element (FE) peaks, fragmentomics, end-motifs, and G-Quadruplex (G-Quad) signatures could be useful features of uscfDNA for NSCLC determination.

Results
In noncancer participants, compared to mncfDNA, uscfDNA fragments showed a 45.2-fold increased tendency to form FE peaks (enriched in promoter, intronic, and exonic regions), demonstrated a distinct end-motif-frequency profile, and presented with a 4.9-fold increase in G-Quad signatures. Within NSCLC participants, only the uscfDNA population had discoverable FE peak candidates. Additionally, uscfDNA showcased different end-motif-frequency candidates distinct from mncfDNA. Although both cfDNA populations showed increased fragmentation in NSCLC, the G-Quad signatures were more discriminatory in uscfDNA. Compilation of cfDNA features using principal component analysis revealed that the first 5 principal components of both cfDNA subtypes had a cumulative explained variance of &gt;80%.

Conclusions
These observations indicate that the distinct biological processes of uscfDNA and that FE peaks, fragmentomics, end-motifs, and G-Quad signatures are uscfDNA features with promising biomarker potential. These findings further justify its exploration as a distinct class of biomarker to augment pre-existing liquid biopsy approaches.