bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of recombinant Spike protein in the blood of individuals vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2: Possible molecular mechanisms
Authors: Brogna Carlo , Cristoni Simone , Marino Giuliano , Montano Luigi , Viduto Valentina , Fabrowski Mark , Lettieri Gennaro , Piscopo Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic prompted the development and use of next‐generation vaccines. Among these, mRNA‐based vaccines consist of injectable solutions of mRNA encoding for a recombinant Spike, which is distinguishable from the wild‐type protein due to specific amino acid variations introduced to maintain the protein in a prefused state. This work presents a proteomic approach to reveal the presence of recombinant Spike protein in vaccinated subjects regardless of antibody titer.Experimental designMass spectrometry examination of biological samples was used to detect the presence of specific fragments of recombinant Spike protein in subjects who received mRNA‐based vaccines.ResultsThe specific PP‐Spike fragment was found in 50% of the biological samples analyzed, and its presence was independent of the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody titer. The minimum and maximum time at which PP‐Spike was detected after vaccination was 69 and 187 days, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe presented method allows to evaluate the half‐life of the Spike protein molecule “PP” and to consider the risks or benefits in continuing to administer additional booster doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine. This approach is of valuable support to complement antibody level monitoring and represents the first proteomic detection of recombinant Spike in vaccinated subjects.
Estimating the delay margin for stability of linear delay systems by the weighted matrix measure
Authors: Hu Renhong , Mei Jie , Ma Guangfu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the delay margin problem of a linear system with multiple delays is investigated. Estimations for allowable delay bounds of the system are provided in the form of matrix measure. By means of the weighted matrix measure and optimization technologies, the conservatism of estimated delay bounds is reduced. Numerical examples show that the weighted matrix measure has better performance in estimating the delay margin of the system than usual matrix measures.
Ultrastable Graphite‐Potassium Anode through Binder Chemistry
Authors: Mao Zhifei , Shi Xiaojun , Zhang Taoqiu , Zheng Zhi , Liang Xueying , Wang Rui , Jin Jun , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Wang Huanwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGraphite with abundant reserves has attracted enormous research interest as an anode of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) owing to its high plateau capacity of 279 mAh g−1 at ≈0.2 V in conventional carbonate electrolytes. Unfortunately, it suffers from fast capacity decay during K+ storage. Herein, an ultrastable graphite‐potassium anode is developed through binder chemistry. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is utilized as a water‐soluble binder to generate a uniform and robust KF‐rich SEI film on the graphite surface, which can not only inhibit the electrolyte decomposition, but also withstand large volume expansion during K+‐insertion. Compared to the PVDF as binder, PVA‐based graphite anode can operate for over 2000 cycles (running time of 406 days at C/3) with 97% capacity retention in KPF6‐based electrolytes. The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of graphite anode is as high as 81.6% using PVA as the binder, higher than that of PVDF (40.1%). Benefiting from the strong adhesion ability of PVA, a graphite||fluorophosphate K‐ion full battery is further built through 3D printing, which achieves a record‐high areal energy of 8.9 mWh cm−2 at a total mass loading of 38 mg cm−2. These results demonstrate the important role of binder in developing high‐performance PIBs.
High Sensitivity, Wide Linear‐Range Strain Sensor Based on MXene/AgNW Composite Film with Hierarchical Microcrack
Authors: Wang Ting , Qiu Zhiguang , Li Haichuan , Lu Hao , Gu Yifan , Zhu Simu , Liu Gui‐Shi , Yang Bo‐Ru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStretchable strain sensors suffer the trade‐off between sensitivity and linear sensing range. Developing sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range remains a formidable challenge. Different from conventional methods that rely on the structure design of sensing nanomaterial or substrate, here a heterogeneous‐surface strategy for silver nanowires (AgNWs) and MXene is proposed to construct a hierarchical microcrack (HMC) strain sensor. The heterogeneous surface with distinct differences in cracks and adhesion strengths divides the sensor into two regions. One region contributes to high sensitivity through penetrating microcracks of the AgNW/MXene composite film during stretching. The other region maintains conductive percolation pathways to provide a wide linear sensing range through network microcracks. As a result, the HMC sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 244), broad linear range (ɛ = 60%, R2 ≈ 99.25%), and fast response time (<30 ms). These merits are confirmed in the detection of large and subtle human motions and digital joint movement for Morse coding. The manipulation of cracks on the heterogeneous surface provides a new paradigm for designing high‐performance stretchable strain sensors.
Solid‐State, Hectogram‐Scale Preparation of Red Carbon Dots as Phosphor for Energy‐Transfer‐Induced High‐Quality White LEDs with CRI of 97
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Han Qiurui , Ji Chunyu , Zeng Fanhao , Zhang Xingshou , Deng Jiwen , Shi Changsheng , Peng Zhili 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, pre‐crystallization‐controlled, solid‐state preparation of red carbon dots (C‐dots) from o‐phenylenediamine on a hectogram scale with a 94% yield is reported. Highly efficient red phosphor (C‐dots@MCC) is obtained by dispersing the C‐dots in microcrystalline cellulose, which matched extremely well with the commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor. White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated from the two phosphors emitted warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 3845 K, CIE color coordinates of (0.38, 0.37), and an extremely high color rendering index (CRI) of 95, outperforming all the reported YAG‐derived WLEDs. Furthermore, the CRI value of the WLED can be further increased to 97 after fine‐tuning, which is the highest CRI for WLEDs of any C‐dots derived devices reported so far. The superior performance of the WLED is attributed to a delicate energy transfer between YAG and C‐dots@MCC. Most importantly, the WLED maintained excellent stabilities under varied currents, working durations, moistures, and temperatures.
High Efficiency Breathable Thermoelectric Skin Using Multimode Radiative Cooling/Solar Heating Assisted Large Thermal Gradient
Authors: Jung Yeongju , Jeong Seongmin , Ahn Jiyong , Lee Jinwoo , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a Janus structure‐based stretchable and breathable thermoelectric skin with radiative cooling (RC) and solar heating (SH) functionalities for sustainable energy harvesting. The challenge of the wearable thermoelectric generator arises from the small temperature difference. Thus, this dual‐sided structure maximizes the thermal gradient between the body and the surrounding environment, unlike the previous works that rather concentrate on the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator itself. The Janus structure allows the device to switch to the other mode, optimizing electricity generation from a given weather condition. For these functionalities, for the first time, boron nitride‐polydimethylsiloxane (BP) and graphene nanoplatelet‐polydimethylsiloxane (GP) nanofiber (NF) are developed as substrates. The BP NF generates the RC capability of ΔTcooling = 4 °C, and the high solar absorbance of the GP NF enables it to be photothermally heated. The flip‐overable thermoelectric skin (FoTES) achieves a maximum power output (Pmax) of 5.73 µW cm−2 in RC mode, surpassing SH mode by 5.55 µW cm−2 in the morning. In the afternoon, it generates a Pmax of 18.59 µW cm−2 in SH mode, outperforming RC mode by 15.56 µW cm−2. This work contributes to the advancement of wearable electronics, offering a sustainable power source in a wearable form.
Fast and Reversible Quasi‐Solid‐State Anion Exchange in Highly Luminescent CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Dual‐Mode Encryption–Decryption
Authors: Lai Yueling , Zhou Yufeng , Liu Hongjiang , Guo Tongyin , Zou Anqi , Wang Lianju , Chen Yiqing , Zhao Xianglong , Zheng Kanghui , Tong Xin , Wang Ruilin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid‐state anion exchange method is easy to handle and beneficial to improve stability of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites nanocrystals (NCs) with respect to anion exchange in liquid phase. However, the corresponding exchange rate is rather slow due to the limited diffusion rate of anions from solid phases, resulting in mixed‐halide perovskite NCs. Herein, a fast and reversible post‐synthetic quasi‐solid‐state anion exchange method in CsPbX3 NCs with inorganic potassium halide KX salts/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) thin film is firstly reported. Original morphology of the exchanged NCs is well‐preserved for all samples. Complete anion exchange from Br− to Cl− or I− is successfully achieved in CsPbX3 NCs within ≈20 min through possible vacancies‐assisted ion exchange mechanism, under ambient conditions and vice versa. Particularly, Br−‐exchanged CsPbCl3 and CsPbI3 NCs exhibit improved optical properties. Encouraged by the attractive fluorescence and persistent luminescence as well as good stability of the resulted CsPbX3 NCs, an effective dual‐mode information storage–reading application is demonstrated. It is believed that this method can open a new avenue for the synthesis of other direct‐synthesis challenging quantum‐confined perovskite NCs/nanoplates/nanodisks or CsSnX3 NCs/thin film and provide an opportunity for advanced information storage compatible for practical applications.
Anchoring Polar Organic Molecules in Defective Ammonium Vanadate for High‐Performance Flexible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Kong Shuo , Li Yuxin , Zhang Xiaojie , Xu Ziming , Wang Xianzhen , Feng Yongbao , Gong Wenbin , Liu Chenglong , Tian Konghu , Li Qiulong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmmonium vanadate (NVO) often has unsatisfactory electrochemical performance due to the irreversible removal of NH4+ during the reaction. Herein, layered DMF‐NVO nanoflake arrays (NFAs) grown on highly conductive carbon cloth (CC) are employed as the binder‐free cathode (DMF‐NVO NFAs/CC), which produces an enlarged interlayer spacing of 12.6 Å (against 9.5 Å for NH4V4O10) by effective N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) intercalation. Furthermore, the strong attraction of highly polar carbonyl and ammonium ions in DMF can stabilize the lattice structure, and low‐polar alkyl groups can interact with the weak electrostatic generated by Zn2+, which allows Zn2+ to be freely intercalated. The DMF‐NVO NFAs/CC//Zn battery exhibits an impressive high capacity of 536 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent rate capability, and cycling performance. The results of density functional theory simulation demonstrate that the intercalation of DMF can significantly reduce the band gap and the diffusion barrier of Zn2+, and can also accommodate more Zn2+. The assembled flexible aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (FARZIBs) exhibit outstanding energy density and power density, up to 436 Wh kg−1 at 400 W kg−1, and still remains 180 Wh kg−1 at 4000 W kg−1. This work can provide a reference for the design of cathode materials for high‐performance FARZIBs.
Rapid Yet Efficient Reduction of Graphene Oxide Triggered by Semi‐Molten Metals
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Zhang Wenchang , Cheng Chang , Zhu Juncheng , Wang Tianle , Ni Kun , Lin Zifeng , Guan Zefeng , Zhu Yanwu , Zhu Jiliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) has garnered extensive attention as electrodes, sensors, and membranes, necessitating the efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO) for optimal performance. In this work, a swift reduction of GO that involves bringing GO foam in contact with semi‐molten metals like tin (Sn) and lithium (Li) is presented. These findings reveal that the electrical resistance of GO foam is significantly diminished by its interaction with these metals, even in dry air. Taking inspiration from this technique, Sn foil is employed to encase the GO foam, followed by a calcination in 15 vol% H2/Ar environment at 235 °C to fabricate the rGO, which demonstrates a remarkably lower electrical resistivity of 0.42 Ω cm when compared to the chemically reduced GO via hydrazine hydrate (650 Ω cm). The reduction mechanism entails the migration of Sn on GO and its subsequent reaction with oxygen functional groups. SnO/Sn(OH)2 formed from the reaction can be subsequently reversed through reduction by H2 to Sn. Utilizing this rGO as the host material for a sulfur cathode, a lithium–sulfur battery is constructed that displays a specific capacity of 1146 mAh g−1 and maintains a capacity retention of 68.4% after 300 cycles at a rate of 0.2 C.
Improving Wettability at Positive Electrodes to Enhance the Cycling Stability of Bi‐Based Liquid Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ning Xiaohui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquid metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their exceptional kinetics, scalability, and long lifespan derived from the distinctive three‐liquid‐layer structure. However, the positive electrode (such as Bi) suffers from insufficient wettability on the current collector, resulting in excess electrical resistance and uneven current distribution, thus deteriorating the cycling stability. Here the incorporation of 4 mol% Se into Bi‐based metal is proposed producing an interface layer with highly surface‐active property that decreases the electrode's contact angle with the 304 stainless‐steel (SUS304) from 144.7° to 74.3°, so as to improve the wettability. The as‐prepared 20 Ah Li || Bi‐Se4 (the content of Se is 4 mol% of Bi) cell cycled 1200 times with capacity fade rate of merely 0.00174% per cycle. This facile and effective approach provides a pathway toward the production of stable cells with an extended lifespan and boosts the practical implementation of LMBs.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study the Location and Distribution Effect of Pt on the Reduction of Co3O4–SiO2
Authors: Tang Min , de Jongh Petra E. , de Jong Krijn P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe addition of Pt generally promotes the reduction of Co3O4 in supported catalysts, which further improves their activity and selectivity. However, due to the limited spatial resolution, how Pt and its location and distribution affect the reduction of Co3O4 remains unclear. Using ex situ and in situ ambient pressure scanning transmission electron microscopy, combined with temperature‐programmed reduction, the reduction of silica‐supported Co3O4 without Pt and with different location and distribution of Pt is studied. Shrinkage of Co3O4 nanoparticles is directly observed during their reduction, and Pt greatly lowers the reduction temperature. For the first time, the initial reduction of Co3O4 with and without Pt is studied at the nanoscale. The initial reduction of Co3O4 changes from surface to interface between Co3O4 and SiO2. Small Pt nanoparticles located at the interface between Co3O4 and SiO2 promote the reduction of Co3O4 by the detachment of Co3O4/CoO from SiO2. After reduction, the Pt and part of the Co form an alloy with Pt well dispersed. This study for the first time unravels the effects of Pt location and distribution on the reduction of Co3O4 nanoparticles, and helps to design cobalt‐based catalysts with efficient use of Pt as a reduction promoter.
Enhanced Photothermal Activity of Nanoconjugated System via Covalent Organic Frameworks as the Springboard
Authors: Liang Hongzhi , Chen Shizhang , Qileng Aori , Liu Weipeng , Xu Zhenlin , Zhang Shengsen , Liu Yingju 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of nanomaterials with high photothermal conversion efficiency has been a hot issue. In this work, a novel photothermal nanomaterial is synthesized using Prussian blue nanocubes (PBNCs) as the photothermal active substance and covalent organic framework (COF) as the substrate. The as‐prepared COF@PBNCs show a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 59.1%, significantly higher than that of pure PBNCs (32.5%). A new circuit path is generated with the combination of COF, which prevents the direct combination of thermal electrons and holes, as well as enhances the nonradiation transition of PBNCs. Besides, the imine groups on COF as the coordination and reduction agent allow the in situ growth of PBNCs, and the dense micropores of COF as the ideal heat conduction channels can also be the potential factors for the enhanced photothermal property. The photothermal property of COF@PBNCs is further used in the construction of immunosensor for the detection of furosemide (FUR). With the help of handheld thermal imager, the concentration of FUR can be easily read, thus shedding a new light in the construction of visual sensor for simple and low‐cost point‐of‐care testing.
Synergetic Self‐Assembly of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer with Amphiphiles for Fabrication of Hierarchical Assemblies
Authors: Lu Yue , Gao Juanjuan , Ren Yangge , Ding Yi , Jia Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNovel functions and advanced structure, where each single component could not be produced individually, can exhibit from the collective and synergistic behavior of component systems. This synergetic strategy has been successfully demonstrated for co‐assembly of polymer–polymer to construct hierarchical nanomaterials. However, differences in the natures of polymer and small molecules impose challenges in the construction of sophisticated co‐assemblies with geometrical and compositional control. Herein, a synergetic self‐assembly strategy is proposed to prepare organic–organic hybrid colloidal mesostructures by blending a liquid crystalline block copolymer (LC‐BCP) with small molecular amphiphiles. Through a classic solvent‐exchange process, amphiphiles embedded with LC‐BCP realize multi‐component nucleation and hierarchical assembly driven by anisotropic interaction from the LC ordering alignment of the core‐forming block. 1D nanofibers with a periodic striped structure are formed by further LC component fusion and refinement. In addition, LC ordering effect of LC‐BCP can be regulated by selecting appropriate solvents and leads to the formation of vesicular co‐micelles. By means of the thermal‐responsive behavior of amphiphiles, hexagonal pore arrays are finally generated on the surface of those vesicles.
Visible Light‐Activated Ultralong‐Lived Triplet Excitons of Carbon Dots for White‐Light Manipulated Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Xu Bin , Jia Yuehan , Ning Huiying , Teng Qian , Li Chenhao , Fang Xiaoqi , Li Jie , Zhou Heng , Meng Xiangeng , Gao Zhenhua , Wang Xue , Wang Zifei , Yuan Fanglong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRoom temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has emerged as an interesting but rare phenomenon with multiple potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic devices, and biosensing. Nevertheless, the pursuit of ultralong lifetimes of RTP under visible light excitation presents a significant challenge. Here, new phosphorescent materials that can be excited by visible light with record‐long lifetimes are demonstrated, realized through embedding nitrogen doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. The RTP lifetime of the N‐CDs@PVA film is remarkably extended to 2.1 s excited by 420 nm, representing the highest recorded value for visible light‐excited phosphorescent materials. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the robust hydrogen bonding interactions can effectively reduce the non‐radiative decay rate and radiative transition rate of triplet excitons, thus dramatically prolong the phosphorescence lifetime. Notably, the RTP emission of N‐CDs@PVA film can also be activated by easily accessible low‐power white‐light‐emitting diode. More significantly, the practical applications of the N‐CDs@PVA film in state‐of‐the‐art anti‐counterfeiting security and optical information storage domains are further demonstrated. This research offers exciting opportunities for utilizing visible light‐activated ultralong‐lived RTP systems in a wide range of promising applications.
An Amiable Design of Cobalt Single Atoms as the Active Sites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Desalinated Seawater
Authors: Venkateswarlu Sada , Umer Muhammad , Son Younghu , Govindaraju Saravanan , Chellasamy Gayathri , Panda Atanu , Park Juseong , Umer Sohaib , Kim Jeonghyeon , Choi Sang‐Il , Yun Kyusik , Yoon Minyoung , Lee Geunsik , Kim Myung Jong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGreen fuel from water splitting is hardcore for future generations, and the limited source of fresh water (<1%) is a bottleneck. Seawater cannot be used directly as a feedstock in current electrolyzer techniques. Until now single atom catalysts were reported by many synthetic strategies using notorious chemicals and harsh conditions. A cobalt single‐atom (CoSA) intruding cobalt oxide ultrasmall nanoparticle (Co3O4 USNP)‐intercalated porous carbon (PC) (CoSA‐Co3O4@PC) electrocatalyst was synthesized from the waste orange peel as a single feedstock (solvent/template). The extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) and theoretical fitting reveal a clear picture of the coordination environment of the CoSA sites (CoSA‐Co3O4 and CoSA‐N4 in PC). To impede the direct seawater corrosion and chlorine evolution the seawater has been desalinated (Dseawater) with minimal cost and the obtained PC is used as an adsorbent in this process. CoSA‐Co3O4@PC shows high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in transitional metal impurity‐free (TMIF) 1 M KOH and alkaline Dseawater. CoSA‐Co3O4@PC exhibits mass activity that is 15 times higher than the commercial RuO2. Theoretical interpretations suggest that the optimized CoSA sites in Co3O4 USNPs reduce the energy barrier for alkaline water dissociation and simultaneously trigger an excellent OER followed by an adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM).
RoboREIT: An interactive robotic tutor with instructive feedback component for requirements elicitation interview training
Authors: Görer Binnur , Aydemir Fatma Başak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterviewing stakeholders is the most popular technique for eliciting requirements. The success of an interview depends on the interviewer's theoretical knowledge, preparedness, and communication skills. Practice interviews allow students to apply their knowledge and improve their skills through experience. This practical training is resource‐intensive, requiring the time and effort of a stakeholder for each student, which may not be feasible for a large number of students. This paper introduces RoboREIT, an interactive Robotic tutor for Requirements Elicitation Interview Training. RoboREIT addresses the scalability problem of practice sessions with a robotic tutor acting as a stakeholder during the interview and providing feedback after the interview. We performed an exploratory user study to evaluate RoboREIT and demonstrate its applicability in requirements elicitation interview training. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the users' responses reveal the appreciation of RoboREIT. Our study is the first in the literature that utilizes a social robot in requirements elicitation interview education. RoboREIT's design incorporates replaying faulty interview stages and allows the student to learn from mistakes by a second time practicing. All participants praised the feedback component, which is not present in the state of the art, for being helpful in identifying the mistakes. A favorable response rate of 81% for the system's usefulness indicates the positive perception of the participants.