bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive genomic analyses of Vigna unguiculata provide insights into population differentiation and the genetic basis of key agricultural traits
Authors: Pan Lei , Liu Minghui , Kang Yan , Mei Xiang , Hu Gege , Bao Chun , Zheng Yu , Zhao Huixia , Chen Chanyou , Wang Nian 
Published: March 2023

SummaryVigna unguiculata is an important legume crop worldwide. The subsp. sesquipedalis and unguiculata are the two major types grown; the former is mainly grown in Asia to produce fresh pods, while the latter is mainly grown in Africa to produce seeds. Here, a chromosome‐scale genome for subsp. sesquipedalis was generated by combining high‐fidelity (HiFi) long‐read sequencing with high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) technology. The genome size for all contigs and N50 were 594 and 18.5 Mb, respectively. The Hi‐C interaction map helped cluster 91% of the contigs into 11 chromosomes. Genome comparisons between subsp. sesquipedalis and unguiculata revealed extensive genomic variations, and some variations resulted in gene loss. A germplasm panel with 315 accessions of V. unguiculata was resequenced, and a genomic variation map was constructed. Population structure and phylogenetic analyses suggested that subsp. sesquipedalis originated from subsp. unguiculata. Highly differentiated genomic regions were also identified, and a number of genes functionally enriched in adaptations were located in these regions. Two traits, pod length (PL) and pod width (PW), were observed for this germplasm, and genome‐wide association analysis of these traits was performed. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these two traits were identified, and their candidate genes were uncovered. Interestingly, genomic regions of PL QTLs also showed strong signals of artificial selection. Taken together, the results of this study provide novel insights into the population differentiation and genetic basis of key agricultural traits in V. unguiculata.
Socioeconomic status, race, and preadolescent acne: A population‐based retrospective cohort analysis in a mixed rural–urban community of the United States (Olmsted County, Minnesota)
Authors: Rodriguez Baisi Katinna E. , Weaver Amy L. , Wi Chung‐Il , Shakshouk Hadir , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThere is limited information about the potential relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) with acne in preadolescents. Our objective was to assess the possible relationship between SES and preadolescent acne.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with an initial acne diagnosis between 7 and ≤12 years old during 2010 to 2018 using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. For each acne case, we randomly selected 2 sex‐ and age‐matched controls without an acne diagnosis from the county. Individual HOUsing‐based SocioEconomic Status index (HOUSES) derived from real property data was used to evaluate SES, represented as four quartiles with higher quartile representing higher SES.ResultsA total of 604 patients met the criteria. HOUSES distribution significantly differed between cases and controls (p = .001); a higher proportion of acne cases were in quartile 4 (42.2% vs. 32.7%), indicating higher SES. Race and ethnicity did not significantly differ between cases and controls. Among cases and controls, 74.5% and 72.3% were White, respectively. Study limitations include its retrospective design, only patients who visited a physician were included, and Olmsted County residents are largely non‐Hispanic White.ConclusionPreadolescents diagnosed with acne have a higher SES than those without diagnosed acne, highlighting a potential disparity in access to care and appropriate diagnosis.
Estimation of sperm concentration limits to produce intrauterine insemination doses in swine
Authors: Quirino Monike , da Rosa Gabriela Teixeira , Spohr Christ Thaís , Valadares Willian Rodrigues , da Rosa Ulguim Rafael , Bernardi Mari Lourdes , Schulze Martin , Mellagi Ana Paula Gonçalves , Bortolozzo Fernando Pandolfo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of sperm concentration of boar semen doses, for intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI), on semen quality and established concentration limits for their production. Twenty ejaculates from four crossbred mature PIC® boars were collected to produce 50 mL semen doses in a split sample, reaching the following sperm concentrations: ~20, 30, 60, and 100 × 106 cells/mL. Doses were produced using Androstar® Plus, stored at 17°C, and evaluated until 120 h of storage. There was a linear decrease in sperm motility as the sperm concentration increased (p linear < .01). The concentration which no longer affected the total and progressive motility was 59 and 55 × 106 cells/mL, respectively (corresponding to 71% and 62%, respectively). The pH linearly decreased as the sperm concentration increased (p < .01); yet, at 72 and 120 h, the parameter dramatically reduced in boar semen doses with 60 and 100 × 106 cells/mL. The percentage of cells with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes or with high mitochondrial membrane potential was not influenced by the sperm concentration (p ≥ .15). In conclusion, sperm motility was negatively affected in highly (60 and 100 × 106 cells/mL) concentrated doses. To achieve suitable sperm motility, boar semen doses may not surpass the sperm concentration of 55 × 106 cells/mL. The effect of low‐concentrated boar semen doses on sperm quality still needs to be better evaluated, mainly considering the influence of extender type and thermo‐resistance conditions.
A Girl and a Boy, Are a Bundle of Joy: A Rise in Gender‐Equitable Fertility Preferences in India
Authors: Bhatnagar Isha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the last decade, declining son preference in Asia has given rise to gender‐equitable fertility preferences. These include daughter preference, gender indifference, and gender balance. Using five rounds of the India National Family Health Surveys, I investigate the sources of the trends in shifting parental preferences for the gender of their children. Over more than a quarter‐century period (1992–1993 to 2019–2021), I find a significant decline in son preference from 40 to 18 percent and an increase in gender‐equitable preferences among most subpopulations. Multivariate analysis shows that for all survey years, education and frequent exposure to television significantly increased the odds of gender‐equitable preferences. In the last decade, community norms supporting women's employment are also associated with gender‐equitable preferences. In addition, decomposition analysis shows that compared to compositional change, social norm change accounts for two‐thirds of the rise in gender‐equitable preferences. These findings suggest that rising norms of gender equality have the potential to dismantle gender‐biased preferences in India.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomics and metabolic profiling provide insights into gene regulatory networks during lentil seed development
Authors: Yu Bianyun , Gao Peng , Song Jingpu , Yang Hui , Qin Li , Yu Xiaoyu , Song Halim , Coulson Justin , Bekkaoui Yasmina , Akhov Leonid , Han Xiumei , Cram Dustin , Wei Yangdou , Zaharia L. Irina , Zou Jitao , Konkin David , Quilichini Teagen D. , Fobert Pierre , Patterson Nii , Datla Raju , Xiang Daoquan 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a nutritious legume with seeds rich in protein, minerals and an array of diverse specialized metabolites. The formation of a seed requires regulation and tight coordination of developmental programs to form the embryo, endosperm and seed coat compartments, which determines the structure and composition of mature seed and thus its end‐use quality. Understanding the molecular and cellular events and metabolic processes of seed development is essential for improving lentil yield and seed nutritional value. However, such information remains largely unknown, especially at the seed compartment level. In this study, we generated high‐resolution spatiotemporal gene expression profiles in lentil embryo, seed coat and whole seeds from fertilization through maturation. Apart from anatomic differences between the embryo and seed coat, comparative transcriptomics and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis revealed embryo‐ and seed coat‐specific genes and gene modules predominant in specific tissues and stages, which highlights distinct genetic programming. Furthermore, we investigated the dynamic profiles of flavonoid, isoflavone, phytic acid and saponin in seed compartments across seed development. Coupled with transcriptome data, we identified sets of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites. The global view of the transcriptional and metabolic changes of lentil seed tissues throughout development provides a valuable resource for dissecting the genetic control of secondary metabolism and development of molecular tools for improving seed nutritional quality.
Multi‐institutional experience with COVID‐19 convalescent plasma in children
Authors: Jacquot Cyril , Gordon Oren , Noland Daniel , Donowitz Jeffrey R. , Levy Emily , Jain Sanjay , Willis Zachary , Rimland Casey , Loi Michele , Arrieta Antonio , Annen Kyle , Drapeau Noelle , Osborne Stephanie , Ardura Monica I. , Arora Satyam , Zivick Elise , Delaney Meghan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConvalescent COVID‐19 plasma (CCP) was developed and used worldwide as a treatment option by supplying passive immunity. Adult studies suggest administering high‐titer CCP early in the disease course of patients who are expected to be antibody‐negative; however, pediatric experience is limited. We created a multi‐institutional registry to characterize pediatric patients (<18 years) who received CCP and to assess the safety of this intervention.MethodsA REDCap survey was distributed. The registry collected de‐identified data including demographic information (age, gender, and underlying conditions), COVID‐19 disease features and concurrent treatments, CCP transfusion and safety events, and therapy response.ResultsNinety‐five children received CCP: 90 inpatients and 5 outpatients, with a median age of 10.2 years (range 0–17.9). They were predominantly Latino/Hispanic and White. The most frequent underlying medical conditions were chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression, obesity, and genetic syndromes. CCP was primarily given as a treatment (95%) rather than prophylaxis (5%). Median total plasma dose administered and transfusion rates were 5.0 ml/kg and 2.6 ml/kg/h, respectively. The transfusions were well‐tolerated, with 3 in 115 transfusions reporting mild reactions. No serious adverse events were reported. Severity scores decreased significantly 7 days after CCP transfusion or at discharge. Eighty‐five patients (94.4%) survived to hospital discharge. All five outpatients survived to 60 days.ConclusionsCCP was found to be safe and well‐tolerated in children. CCP was frequently given concurrently with other COVID‐19‐directed treatments with improvement in clinical severity scores ≥7 days after CCP, but efficacy could not be evaluated in this study.
A narrative review of prehospital hemorrhagic shock treatment with non‐blood product medications
Authors: Knight Caleb D. , Bebarta Vikhyat , Meledeo Michael A. , Ross Evan , Wu Xiaowu , Bynum James , Schauer Steven , Getz Todd , April Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic shock remains a leading cause of death in both military and civilian trauma casualties. While standard of care involves blood product administration, maintaining normothermia, and restoring hemostatic function, alternative strategies to treat severe hemorrhage at or near the point of injury are needed. We reviewed adjunct solutions for managing severe hemorrhage in the prehospital environment.MethodsWe performed a literature review by searching PubMed with a combination of several keywords. Additional pertinent studies were identified by crossreferencing primary articles. Clinical experience of each author was also considered.ResultsWe identified several promising antishock therapies that can be utilized in the prehospital setting: ethinyl estradiol sulfate (EES), polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG20K), C1 esterase inhibitors (e.g. Berinert, Cinryze), cyclosporin A, niacin, bortezomib, rosiglitazone, icatibant, diazoxide, and valproic acid (VPA).ConclusionSeveral studies show promising adjunct treatment options in the management of severe prehospital hemorrhage. While some are rarely used, many others are readily available and commonly utilized for other indications. This suggests the potential for future use in resourcelimited settings. Human studies and case reports supporting their use are currently lacking.
Untangling TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS versus sensory input using optimized sham control and GABAergic challenge
Authors: Gordon Pedro C. , Song Yu Fei , Jovellar D. Blair , Rostami Maryam , Belardinelli Paolo , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) elegantly probes the excitability and connectivity of the human brain. However, TMS‐EEG signals inevitably also contain sensory‐evoked responses caused by TMS‐associated auditory and somatosensory inputs, constituting a substantial confounding factor. Here we applied our recently established optimized SHAM protocol (Gordon et al., Neuroimage 2021:118708) to disentangle TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input. One unresolved question is whether these responses superimpose without relevant interaction, a requirement for their disaggregation by the optimized SHAM approach. We applied in 20 healthy subjects a pharmacological intervention using a single oral dose of 20 mg of diazepam, a positive modulator of GABAA receptors. Diazepam decreased the amplitudes of the P60 and P150 components specifically in the ACTIVE TMS and/or the ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM conditions but not in the SHAM condition, pointing to a response caused by TMS. In contrast, diazepam suppressed the amplitude of the N100 component indiscriminately in the ACTIVE TMS and SHAM conditions but not in the ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM condition, pointing to a response caused by sensory input. Moreover, diazepam suppressed the beta‐band response observed in the motor cortex specifically after ACTIVE TMS and ACTIVE TMS minus SHAM. These findings demonstrate a lack of interaction of TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input and validate optimized SHAM‐controlled TMS‐EEG as an appropriate approach to untangle these TMS‐EEG responses. This knowledge will enable the proficient use of TMS‐EEG to probe the physiology of the human cortex.
imageKey points
Optimized SHAM disentangles TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input.
Diazepam differentially modulates TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS vs. sensory input.
Diazepam modulation of P60 and P150 indicate TMS‐EEG responses caused by TMS.
Diazepam modulation of N100 indicate a TMS‐EEG response caused by sensory input.
Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells in response to physiological stimulation in vivo
Authors: Takano Takahiro , Yule David I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe exocrine pancreas secretes fluid and digestive enzymes in response to parasympathetic release of acetylcholine (ACh) via the vagus nerve and the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). Both secretion of fluid and exocytosis of secretory granules containing enzymes and zymogens are dependent on an increase in the cytosolic [Ca2+] in acinar cells. It is thought that the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ signals are fundamental for appropriate secretion and that these properties are disrupted in disease states in the pancreas. While extensive research has been performed to characterize Ca2+ signalling in acinar cells, this has exclusively been achieved in ex vivo preparations of exocrine cells, where it is difficult to mimic physiological conditions. Here we have developed a method to optically observe pancreatic acinar Ca2+ signals in vivo using a genetically expressed Ca2+ indicator and imaged with multi‐photon microscopy in live animals. In vivo, acinar cells exhibited baseline activity in fasted animals, which was dependent on CCK1 receptors (CCK1Rs). Both stimulation of intrinsic nervous input and administration of systemic CCK induced oscillatory activity in a proportion of the cells, but the maximum frequencies were vastly different. Upon feeding, oscillatory activity was also observed, which was dependent on CCK1Rs. No evidence of a vago‐vagal reflex mediating the effects of CCK was observed. Our in vivo method revealed the spatial and temporal profile of physiologically evoked Ca2+ signals, which will provide new insights into future studies of the mechanisms underlying exocrine physiology and that are disrupted in pathological conditions.
imageKey points
In the exocrine pancreas, the spatiotemporal properties of Ca2+ signals are fundamentally important for the appropriate stimulation of secretion by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and gut hormone cholecystokinin.
These characteristics were previously defined in ex vivo studies. Here we report the spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca2+ signals in vivo in response to physiological stimulation in a mouse engineered to express a Ca2+ indicator in acinar cells.
Specific Ca2+ ‘signatures’ probably important for stimulating secretion are evoked in vivo in fasted animals, by feeding, neural stimulation and cholecystokinin administration.
The Ca2+ signals are probably the result of the direct action of ACh and CCK on acinar cells and not indirectly through a vago‐vagal reflex.
Training Quality—What Is It and How Can We Improve It?
Authors: Bucher Sandbakk Silvana , Walther Jacob , Solli Guro Strøm , Tønnessen Espen , Haugen Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The concept of training quality reflects that the effect of training is dependent on more than the mere product of training load (eg, duration, intensity, frequency). The aims of this commentary are to (1) propose a practice-oriented framework to describe training quality and its general and context-dependent characteristics and (2) discuss how athletes and coaches can work to improve training quality. Conclusions: Training quality can be viewed from different perspectives. The holistic dimension includes the entire training process (goal setting, gap analysis, application of training principles and methods, etc), while a narrower dimension encompasses the specific training sessions and how they are executed in relation to the intended purpose. To capture the varying contexts, we define training quality as the degree of excellence related to how the training process or training sessions are executed to optimize adaptations and, thereby, improve overall performance. Although training quality is challenging to quantify, we argue that identification and assessment of quality indicators will increase our scientific understanding and consequently help coaches and athletes to improve training quality. We propose that the physical, technical, and psychological factors of training quality can be improved through an individualized learning process of systematic planning, execution, and debriefing. However, assessment tools should be identified and scientifically validated across different training sessions and sports. We encourage further interventions to improve training quality.
A Protocol for a Local Community Monitoring and Feedback System for Physical Activity in Organized Group Settings for Children
Authors: Essay Ann M. , Schenkelberg Michaela A. , Von Seggern Mary J. , Rosen Marisa S. , Schlechter Chelsey R. , Rosenkranz Richard R. , Dzewaltowski David A. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Communities are wellness landscapes of geospatially and temporally bound settings where children spend their time. Improving population physical activity (PA) requires investigating available community settings for children, such as classrooms and sport teams, and the dynamic social interactions producing PA. This protocol describes a multiscale community wellness landscape monitoring and feedback system of adult-led organized group settings and PA outcomes for children. Methods: The data system assessed organized groups for third- through sixth-grade children in 2 rural communities within seasons (fall 2018–2019). Within each season, groups were identified, sampled, and recruited. Sampled group meetings were assessed for children’s PA (accelerometry) and meeting routines (video observation). A data processing protocol time-segmented data into meetings and meeting routines into smaller units (sessions). A purpose code was assigned to each meeting (eg, classroom, sport) and session (eg, academic, PA). Group accelerometer data were paired with the coded segments. Multiscale metrics (season, meeting, and session) were generated and provided to the communities in tailored reports. Results: A total of 94 groups were recruited, and 73 groups with 1302 participants were included in the data system. Data were collected from 213 meetings and 844 sessions. Most participants (83.1%) consented to link their accelerometer data with demographic data from school enrollment records. Conclusions: The community data system identified available organized group settings for children and collected video and PA data from these settings. Incorporating setting data into local data systems provides detailed accounts of whole-of-community PA social systems to inform population health improvement efforts.
A 63-year-old woman with multiple secondary tumours
Authors: Muresan Ioana Danuta , Agoston-Coldea Lucia , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: March 2023

Clinical introductionA 63-year-old woman recently diagnosed with lung metastasis, after routine chest radiography, was admitted to our hospital for unspecified symptoms, such as dyspnoea on minimal exertion and dry cough. Physical examination showed uncommon signs. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and incomplete left bundle branch block. Thoracic CT scan revealed bilateral lung and pleural metastases and pelvic CT showed a right femoral bone mass. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a heterogeneous mass, lateral to the right ventricle, with pericardial effusion. Further, cardiac MRI (cMRI) was performed (figure 1A,B). Diagnosis was completed with an ultrasound-guided biopsy and histopathological examination (figure 1C,D).Figure 1(A,B) Cardiac MRI: asterisk is suggestive of fluid and the white arrow indicates fibrous encapsulation by LGE, (C) H&E stain:white arrow indicating a tumoral cell with atypical mitosis and (D) immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin antibody.QuestionWhich of the following is the most likely diagnosis?Pericardial lymphoma.Pericardial leiomyosarcoma.Pericardial cyst.Secondary malignant cardiac tumour.Pericardial teratoma.