bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution Algorithm and Experimental Verification on Behavior of Crossing Frame Impacted by Conductor Breaking
Authors: Ma Yong , Jiang Ming , Xiong Zhiming , Liu Chengzhi , Meng Fanhao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The problem that impact dynamics caused by conductor breakage is not considered in the design of the crossing frame appear at present. Therefore, the system dynamics solution algorithm of conductor impact crossing frame was established based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Taking the conductor test of free swing and free drop as an example, the correctness of the algorithm was verified. The results shown that the beam element was used to establish the system dynamic equations which was solved by Newmark method. Penalty function method was used to calculate the contact between conductor and hard sealing net pole of crossing frame. The test results indicated that the conductor was in curve bending state when the conductor impacted blocking pole, the conductor shape was in good agreement with the calculation results. The correctness of the algorithm was verified to a certain extent, which provided an effective theoretical basis for the design and calculation of the crossing frame based on the impact dynamic behavior of conductors.
Development and study of ultrasonic immersion testing system for industrial and metrological application
Authors: Yadav Kalpana , Kumar Rahul , Dhiman Nitin , Yadav Sanjay , Dubey P.K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) is one of the
prominent field involving inspection to evaluate defects, cracks,
deposition or fusion of welding materials and dimensional
measurements of the test piece(s). Ultrasonic immersion scanning
systems are useful for various industrial and metrological
applications. The conventional immersion system uses a dedicated
pulser receiver module for the excitation and detection of signal
from transducer and a fast analog data acquisition card (DAQ) to
acquire the raw data into computer. Rigorous digital signal
processing and filtering is used to extract desired information from
the raw data. In the present work, development of an ultrasonic
immersion C-scan testing system, intended for industrial and
metrological applications, is described. The developed system uses a
commercial ultrasonic flaw detector (UFD) for the data acquisition
rather than using pulser receiver and DAQ card to acquire ultrasonic
information. The software for the same has been developed in Visual
Basic .NET framework to control all five servo motor based axes of
the ultrasonic immersion scanning tank. The developed software scans
the sample automatically with parameters specified by the user. The
parameters include echo amplitude, echo location, separation between
two echoes, and ultrasonic attenuation. The developed software
generates the data files that can later be used for further analysis
using suitable data analysis software such as Origin or MS
excel. The functionality of the developed system has been tested for
the detection of flaws present in the material, testing for
thickness variation and ultrasonic attenuation. The developed system
is capable of detecting the location of defects within the
resolution of ±0.01 mm. Ultrasonic transducer movement
resolution of ±0.01 mm over the sample, results in to
generation of a high quality image.
An application of the shortest path algorithm for the identification of weak MHD mode
Authors: HUANG Zhuo , MAO Feiyue , DING Yonghua , TIAN Wei , HUANG Mingxiang , LI Da , SHEN Chengshuo , WANG Nengchao , LIANG Yunfeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The identification of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes is a crucial issue in the control of magnetically confined plasmas. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the evolution of MHD modes from a signal with a low signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed method generates a weighted directed graph from the time-frequency spectrum and calculates the evolution of the mode frequency by solving the shortest path. This method addresses the limitations posed by the lack of data channels and the disturbance of noise in the estimation of mode frequency and yields much better results compared to traditional methods. It is demonstrated that, using this method, the evolution of an unlocked tearing mode was more accurately calculated on the J-TEXT tokamak. This method remains feasible even with a low signal-to-noise ratio of 0.5, as shown by its uncertainty. Furthermore, with appropriate parameters, this method can be applied to not only signals with MHD modes, but also to general signals with continuous modes.
TOMM20 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Chordoma: Results From a High-Volume, Single-Center Study
Authors: Micaily Ida , Lee Sherry , Basu Mallick Atrayee , Zhan Tingting , O’Neill Raymond , Gargano Stacey , Hozack Bryan , Thapa Sameep , Martinez-Outschoorn Ubaldo , Abraham John , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
As few large studies identify correlative biomarkers in chordoma, our objective was to use our large, single-center chordoma tumor bank to identify novel signaling pathways.

Methods
Clinical and pathologic data for 73 patients with chordoma were retrospectively collected. Tumor microarrays were built from 61 archived chordoma specimens; immunohistochemistry for TOMM20, TIGAR, and MCT1 were performed; and semiquantitative analysis of staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells was performed. Average composite scores of MCT1, TIGAR, and TOMM20 expression were compared by disease status and anatomic location.

Results
Higher expression of TOMM20 was seen in recurrent and metastatic chordomas compared with primary lesions. Comparing composite scores of primary lesions in patients with primary disease only vs those with recurrent disease showed that TIGAR and TOMM20 expressions are significantly higher in primary lesions, followed by a history of recurrence. A TOMM20 composite score of greater than or equal to 3 significantly decreased overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 5.83) and recurrence-free survival (HR, 8.95).

Conclusions
Identifying novel signaling pathways that promote chordoma growth and recurrence is critical for developing targeted therapy for chordoma. TOMM20 may be a biomarker associated with chordoma disease progression.
Planetary Geopolitics, Space Weaponization and Environmental Harms
Authors: Rothe Dawn L , Collins Victoria E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While the militarization of space has been occurring since the 1950s, it was not considered a domain of fighting nor was it being fully weaponized until recently. Yet, there is a glaring absence of research on space weaponization or space environmental harms by criminologists. Here, using a retrospective approach we juxtapose the environmental harms from wars, military weapon development, maintenance and readiness on Earth and known harms that have occurred due to space expansionism and the space arms race. We then use a prospective approach to critically examine anticipated environmental harms of space weaponization. Our goal is to contribute to research in green criminology and to begin a critical dialogue on planetary geopolitics, space weaponization and the space arms race.
Is the Sinaloa Cartel a Mafia?
Authors: Paoli Letizia , Peters Bryan , Reuter Peter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aiming to reduce the conceptual ambiguity surrounding the topic of organized crime, this study assesses the extent to which the Sinaloa Cartel, the most prominent Mexican drug syndicate, has the characteristics of a mafia. The study uses Paoli’s 2020 mafia framework, which identifies seven typifying characteristics of mafias, such as the Sicilian Cosa Nostra or the Japanese Yakuza. It relies on a broad review of the literature, court transcripts and media sources. The Sinaloa Cartel fully meets none of the seven typifying traits of mafias. It comes closest on the last trait, popular legitimacy and power-sharing, but it is properly characterized as a large drug-selling enterprise. Lastly, the study draws (sombre) policy implications from the analysis.
Extremes of baseline cognitive function determine the severity of delirium: a population study
Authors: Tsui Alex , Yeo Natalie , Searle Samuel D , Bowden Helen , Hoffmann Katrin , Hornby Joanne , Goslett Arley , Weston-Clarke Maryse , Lanham David , Hogan Patrick , Seeley Anna , Rawle Mark , Chaturvedi Nish , Sampson Elizabeth L , Rockwood Kenneth , Cunningham Colm , Ely E Wesley , Richardson Sarah J , Brayne Carol , Terrera Graciela Muniz , Tieges Zoë , MacLullich Alasdair M J , Davis Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although delirium is a significant clinical and public health problem, little is understood about how specific vulnerabilities underlie the severity of its presentation. Our objective was to quantify the relationship between baseline cognition and subsequent delirium severity.
We prospectively investigated a population-representative sample of 1510 individuals aged ≥70 years, of whom 209 (13.6%) were hospitalized across 371 episodes (1999 person-days assessment). Baseline cognitive function was assessed using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, supplemented by verbal fluency measures. We estimated the relationship between baseline cognition and delirium severity [Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS)] and abnormal arousal (Observational Scale of Level of Arousal), adjusted by age, sex, frailty and illness severity. We conducted further analyses examining presentations to specific hospital settings and common precipitating aetiologies.
The median time from baseline cognitive assessment to admission was 289 days (interquartile range 130 to 47 days). In admitted patients, delirium was present on at least 1 day in 45% of admission episodes. The average number of days with delirium (consecutively positive assessments) was 3.9 days. Elective admissions accounted for 88 bed days (4.4%). In emergency (but not elective) admissions, we found a non-linear U-shaped relationship between baseline global cognition and delirium severity using restricted cubic splines. Participants with baseline cognition 2 standard deviations below average (z-score = −2) had a mean MDAS score of 14 points (95% CI 10 to 19). Similarly, those with baseline cognition z-score = + 2 had a mean MDAS score of 7.9 points (95% CI 4.9 to 11). Individuals with average baseline cognition had the lowest MDAS scores. The association between baseline cognition and abnormal arousal followed a comparable pattern. C-reactive protein ≥20 mg/l and serum sodium &lt;125 mM/l were associated with more severe delirium.
Baseline cognition is a critical determinant of the severity of delirium and associated changes in arousal. Emergency admissions with lowest and highest baseline cognition who develop delirium should receive enhanced clinical attention.
Influenza Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors Among Adults With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Large, Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Imp Brandon M , Levine Tory , Satre Derek D , Skarbinski Jacek , Luu Mitchell N , Sterling Stacy A , Silverberg Michael J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Influenza vaccination is recommended for adults regardless of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. There may be facilitators or barriers to vaccinating people with HIV (PWH) that differ from people without HIV (PWoH). We sought to describe the uptake of influenza vaccination by HIV status and identify factors associated with vaccination.

Methods
We abstracted data from the electronic health records of PWH and PWoH in Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 6 influenza seasons (2013–2018). We determined vaccination uptake and used Poisson regression models to evaluate factors associated with vaccination in PWH and PWoH.

Results
9272 PWH and 194 393 PWoH matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity were included (mean age: 48 vs 49 years; men: 91% vs 90%; White race: 53% for both groups). PWH were more likely to receive the influenza vaccine (65–69% across years for PWH and 37–41% for PWoH) with an adjusted risk ratio for all years of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.46–1.50). For PWH, lower vaccination uptake was associated with several factors that suggested more complex health needs, such as lower CD4 cell counts, higher HIV viral loads, prior depression diagnoses, having Medicare insurance, and having a higher number of comorbidities. Associations with vaccination uptake were attenuated in PWH, compared with PWoH, for smoking, alcohol, and demographic factors.

Conclusions
PWH had an almost 50% higher uptake of influenza vaccination than PWoH, possibly reflecting greater engagement with the healthcare system. We also found that PWH with more complex health needs had reduced vaccination uptake. Findings may inform outreach strategies to increase influenza vaccination in PWH.
Developing Inclusive High School Team Sports for Adolescents with Disabilities and Neurotypical Students in Underserved School Settings
Authors: Clement Wade , Freeman Stephanny F N 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe authors investigated the effects of a collaborative after-school inclusive sports program on adolescents with disabilities and neurotypical students in underserved high schools. The program brought together a large urban school district and a private after-school program to provide a service on the school site. The goals were to provide a truly integrated sports environment for adolescents with disabilities and to provide underrepresented minority students an opportunity to gain service learning, improved social–emotional development, and greater self-perceived impact. The project was feasible and indeed continued well beyond the evaluation period. Quantitative results indicated that the neurotypical adolescents felt they had an impact on improving the responsibility of their peer athlete, and they felt they had better perspective taking after participating. Descriptive comments indicated that the children with disabilities enjoyed participation and that this inclusive program may have provided an additional avenue for a subset of the population to engage more in the activities of their school. Program details are presented to encourage further research and replication.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-D plasma levels and VEGFD genetic variants are independently associated with outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Davidsson Pia , Eketjäll Susanna , Eriksson Niclas , Walentinsson Anna , Becker Richard C , Cavallin Anders , Bogstedt Anna , Collén Anna , Held Claes , James Stefan , Siegbahn Agneta , Stewart Ralph , Storey Robert F , White Harvey , Wallentin Lars 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is involved in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between circulating VEGF ligands and/or soluble receptors and CV outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).

Methods and results
Levels of VEGF biomarkers, including bFGF, Flt-1, KDR (VEGFR2), PlGF, Tie-2, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, were measured in the PLATO ACS cohort (n = 2091, discovery cohort). Subsequently, VEGF-D was also measured in the STABILITY CCS cohort (n = 4015, confirmation cohort) to verify associations with CV outcomes. Associations between plasma VEGF-D and outcomes were analysed by multiple Cox regression models with hazard ratios (HR [95% CI]) comparing the upper vs. the lower quartile of VEGF-D. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of VEGF-D in PLATO identified SNPs that were used as genetic instruments in Mendelian randomization (MR) meta-analyses vs. clinical endpoints. GWAS and MR were performed in patients with ACS from PLATO (n = 10 013) and FRISC-II (n = 2952), and with CCS from the STABILITY trial (n = 10 786). VEGF-D, KDR, Flt-1, and PlGF showed significant association with CV outcomes. VEGF-D was most strongly associated with CV death (P = 3.73e-05, HR 1.892 [1.419, 2.522]). Genome-wide significant associations with VEGF-D levels were identified at the VEGFD locus on chromosome Xp22. MR analyses of the combined top ranked SNPs (GWAS P-values; rs192812042, P = 5.82e-20; rs234500, P = 1.97e-14) demonstrated a significant effect on CV mortality [P = 0.0257, HR 1.81 (1.07, 3.04) per increase of one unit in log VEGF-D].

Conclusion
This is the first large-scale cohort study to demonstrate that both VEGF-D plasma levels and VEGFD genetic variants are independently associated with CV outcomes in patients with ACS and CCS. Measurements of VEGF-D levels and/or VEGFD genetic variants may provide incremental prognostic information in patients with ACS and CCS.
Surgical and percutaneous left atrial appendage intervention: silent cerebral embolism considerations
Authors: Wang Zidun , Wang Kexin , Lu Shanshan , Zhang Lian , Li Mingfang , Ju Weizhu , Ni Buqing , Gu Weidong , Shao Yongfeng , Chen Minglong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Left atrial appendage intervention is an alternative to oral anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. The aim of our study was to compare the incidence of silent cerebral embolisms after surgical and percutaneous intervention and to identify the risk factors for procedure-related silent cerebral embolisms after intervention.

METHODS
This prospective observational study included consecutive atrial fibrillation patients from 2 independent cohorts (left atrial appendage excision (LAAE) cohort and left atrial appendage occlusion cohort) between September 2018 and December 2020. All patients underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging before and after the procedure. Silent cerebral embolism was defined as new focal hyperintense lesions detected only on postprocedural sequence.

RESULTS
Thirty-two patients from the LAAE cohort and 42 patients from the occlusion cohort were enrolled. A significantly lower incidence of silent cerebral embolism was observed in the LAAE cohort as compared with occlusion (6.3% vs 54.8%, P &lt; 0.001). In the left atrial appendage occlusion cohort, patients who developed silent cerebral embolism after the procedure had significantly higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores [odds ratio (OR) 2.172; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.149–4.104; P = 0.017], longer occlusion placement time (OR 1.067; 95% CI 1.018–1.118; P = 0.006) and lower peak activated clotting time level after transseptal puncture (OR 0.976; 95% CI 0.954–0.998; P = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of procedure-related silent cerebral embolism was strikingly lower in patients with LAAE than in patients with occlusion. More cardiovascular comorbidities, longer occlusion placement time and lower activated clotting time level were significantly associated with the development of procedure-related silent cerebral embolism.
Effectiveness of intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine in reducing the incidence of tachyarrhythmia after congenital cardiac surgery in neonates and infants: a doubly robust method estimation analysis
Authors: Bourgoin Pierre , Jegard Julien , Joram Nicolas , Fox Sylvain , Biard Marc , Fernandez Modesto , Baruteau Alban Elouen , Dejoie Thomas , Ferdynus Cyril , Chenouard Alexis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The antiarrhythmic effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) have been suggested, but there are controversial reports on the effectiveness of intraoperative use of DEX to reduce the incidence of postoperative tachyarrhythmia (POT).

METHODS
From a local European Congenital Heart Surgery Association database, we included patients operated for congenital heart diseases under cardiopulmonary bypass within a 5-year period (2017–2021), during which intraoperative use of high dose of DEX (1–1.4 µg/kg/h) was implemented. A doubly robust matching estimation of the causal effect of DEX on the incidence of POT was conducted. We combined a multimodal estimation model in patients not exposed to DEX (disease risk score) as well as a regression analysis in a matched cohort for patients exposured to DEX.

RESULTS
From a cohort of 593 surgeries (514 patients) occurring during the study period, doubly matched analysis consisted of the analysis of 426 surgeries conducted under DEX or not (213 per group). The probability of developing POT in patients exposed to DEX was 6.6% (95% confidence interval 0.032–0.099) vs 14.5% (95% confidence interval 0.098–0.193) in the group of patients not exposed to DEX. The doubly robust matched estimation method showed a mean reduction of 8.8% (95% confidence interval −0.137 to −0.023) of POT when DEX is used for intraoperative anaesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of high doses of DEX during anaesthesia for congenital heart surgery in neonates and infants is associated with a moderate but significant reduction of POT.
Outcome after pediatric craniopharyngioma: the role of age at diagnosis and hypothalamic damage
Authors: Beckhaus Julia , Friedrich Carsten , Boekhoff Svenja , Calaminus Gabriele , Bison Brigitte , Eveslage Maria , Timmermann Beate , Flitsch Jörg , Müller Hermann L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveCraniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare malformational tumors. Clinical presentation and outcome of pediatric patients with CP with specific regard to age at diagnosis is not clear. The aim of this cohort study was to determine clinical presentation and outcome in these patients diagnosed at different ages at diagnosis.DesignSeven hundred and nine patients diagnosed with CP were recruited from 1999 to 2021 in HIT-Endo and KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007/Registry 2019 and prospectively observed.MethodsAge at diagnosis was categorized as infants and toddlers (&lt;2 years), early childhood (2-6 years), middle childhood (6-12 years), and early adolescence (12-18 years). Overall and event-free survival (EFS), functional capacity (FMH), and quality of life (QoL) (PEDQOL) were assessed.ResultsSevere obesity (body mass index [BMI] &gt;3 standard deviation score [SDS]) was prevalent in 45.4% at last visit. A lower EFS but better QoL was observed in children with age at diagnosis &lt;6 years compared with ≥6 years. Reduced functional capacity percentiles were associated with increased BMI-SDS at last visit (rho = −0.125, 95% confidence interval [CI; −0.21; −0.04]) and age at diagnosis &lt;2 years. Posterior hypothalamic involvement and hypothalamic lesion (HL) were independent risk factors for reduced EFS (hazard ratio = 1.59, 95% CI [1.12-2.26]) and obesity at last visit (odds ratio = 2.94, 95% CI [1.73-5.08]). Age at diagnosis did not contribute to severe obesity and reduced QoL.ConclusionsDiagnosis of CP at age &lt;6 years may help patients to adapt early to disabilities but may lead to a higher probability of CP relapse. Not age at diagnosis but posterior HL may be the contributing factor to severe obesity and a reduced QoL.Clinical trial registration numbersNCT00258453; NCT01272622; NCT04158284.