bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven definitions of gazelle companies that rule out chance: application for Russia and Spain
Authors: Savin Ivan , Novitskaya Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon of fast-growing companies exhibiting sustained growth and creating disproportionally many new jobs, so-called “gazelles”, has been widely analyzed in the literature. The criteria defining “gazelles”, however, lack a consensus, while it cannot be ruled out that superior performance of these companies is just good luck. We use large firm-level datasets for Russia and Spain and conduct a Monte Carlo experiment with first-order Markov chains to derive a definition of “gazelle” companies and ensure that their existence cannot be explained by chance only. Our results demonstrate that the definitions of “gazelle” companies differ between the two countries warning against using same definition for different countries. We find that the “gazelles” account for about 1–2% of the companies in our datasets and are responsible for approximately 14% of employment growth in Russia and 9% in Spain. These companies are concentrated in economic sectors like retail trade, real estate and construction.
An Essay about a Philosophical Attitude in Management and Organization Studies Based on Parrhesia
Authors: Rodriguez-Pomeda Jesus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManagement and organization studies (MOS) scholarship is at a crossroads. The grand challenges (such as the climate emergency) humankind must face today require an improved contribution from all knowledge fields. The number of academics who criticize the lack of influence and social impact of MOS has recently grown. The scientific field structure of MOS is based on its members’ accumulation of symbolic capital. This structure hinders speaking truth to the elite dominating neoliberal society. Our literature review suggested that a deeper interaction between MOS and philosophy could aid in improving the social impact of MOS. Specifically, an attitude by MOS scholars based on parrhesia (παρρησíα, to speak truth to power) could revitalize the field through heterodox approaches and, consequently, allow them to utter sound criticisms of the capitalist system. Parrhesia would lead MOS scholars towards a convergence of ethics and politics. We investigate whether daring to speak inconvenient truths to the powerful (some peers in the field and some individuals and corporations in society) can be a straightforward tool for revitalizing MOS. Boosting a candid philosophy-MOS interaction requires the fulfilment of three objectives: practical dialogue between these fields, reconsideration of the fields’ structures based on symbolic capital, and a post-disciplinary approach to philosophy. That fulfilment implies the delimitation of the MOS-philosophy interaction, a respectful mutual framework, mutual curiosity, and moving from prescriptive theoretical reflection towards more socially useful MOS. Ethical betterment through parrhesia could be the key to surpassing MOS stagnation.
Defining and Measuring Resilience in Children with a Chronic Disease: a Scoping Review
Authors: van der Laan Sabine E. I. , Berkelbach van der Sprenkel Emma E. , Lenters Virissa C. , Finkenauer Catrin , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Nijhof Sanne L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMore than 25% of all children grow up with a chronic disease. They are at higher risk for developmental and psychosocial problems. However, children who function resiliently manage to adapt positively to these challenges. We aim to systematically review how resilience is defined and measured in children with a chronic disease. A search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO was performed on December 9, 2022, using resilience, disease, and child/adolescent as search terms. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion according to predefined criteria. Extraction domains included study characteristics, definition, and instruments assessing resilience outcomes, and resilience factors. Fifty-five out of 8766 articles were identified as relevant. In general, resilience was characterized as positive adaptation to adversity. The included studies assessed resilience by the outcomes of positive adaptation, or by resilience factors, or both. We categorized the assessed resilience outcomes into three groups: personal traits, psychosocial functioning, and disease-related outcomes. Moreover, myriad of resilience factors were measured, which were grouped into internal resilience factors (cognitive, social, and emotional competence factors), disease-related factors, and external factors (caregiver factors, social factors, and contextual factors). Our scoping review provides insight into the definitions and instruments used to measure resilience in children with a chronic disease. More knowledge is needed on which resilience factors are related to positive adaptation in specific illness-related challenges, which underlying mechanisms are responsible for this positive adaptation, and how these underlying mechanisms interact with one another.
Mangrove Trees Outperform Saltmarsh Grasses in Building Elevation but Collapse Rapidly Under High Rates of Sea‐Level Rise
Authors: Morris James T. , Langley J. Adam , Vervaeke William C. , Dix Nicole , Feller Ilka C. , Marcum Pam , Chapman Samantha K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMangrove trees are invading saltmarshes at subtropical ecotones globally, but the consequences of this vegetation shift for ecosystem sustainability remain unknown. Using the Coastal Wetland Equilibrium Model (CWEM) to simulate vegetation survival and sediment accretion, we predict that black mangroves, Avicennia germinans, can build soil elevation by 8 mm yr−1, four times greater than saltmarshes at the same site, a finding that is broadly consistent with field measurements of elevation change. Mangroves build elevation more rapidly than saltmarshes by producing much greater live and labile belowground biomass, but when mangroves drown, they abruptly lose elevation due to the large volume of quickly decomposing necromass following flood‐induced mortality. Under certain conditions, young mangroves can accumulate root mass faster than mature trees and, therefore, gain elevation more rapidly, but neither saltmarshes nor mangroves of any age survived a centenary sea‐level increase of 100 cm. The acceleration of sea‐level rise that coastal marshes are encountering raises the question of how coastal wetlands should be optimally managed and these results provide managers with predictive information on wetland building capacity of mangroves versus marshes.
Global Mean Sea Level Rise Inferred From Ocean Salinity and Temperature Changes
Authors: Bagnell Aaron , DeVries Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBarystatic sea level rise (SLR) caused by the addition of freshwater to the ocean from melting ice can in principle be recorded by a reduction in seawater salinity, but detection of this signal has been hindered by sparse data coverage and the small trends compared to natural variability. Here, we develop an autoregressive machine learning method to estimate salinity changes in the global ocean from 2001 to 2019 that reduces uncertainties in ocean freshening trends by a factor of four compared to previous estimates. We find that the ocean mass rose by 13,000 ± 3,000 Gt from 2001 to 2019, implying a barystatic SLR of 2.0 ± 0.5 mm/yr. Combined with SLR of 1.3 ± 0.1 mm/yr due to ocean thermal expansion, these results suggest that global mean sea level rose by 3.4 ± 0.6 mm/yr from 2001 to 2019. These results provide an important validation of remote‐sensing measurements of ocean mass changes, global SLR, and global ice budgets.
The Role of Tropical Atlantic in ENSO Predictability Barrier
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Jin Yishuai , Capotondi Antonietta , Li Jianping , Sun Daoxun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the impacts of tropical Atlantic on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability through an empirical dynamical model‐ Linear Inverse Model (LIM). By selectively including or excluding the coupling between tropical Atlantic and tropical Pacific in LIM, we find that the tropical Atlantic dynamics significantly improve the Eastern Pacific (EP)‐ENSO prediction and weaken the EP‐ENSO predictability barrier (PB), with the Equatorial Atlantic (EA) mode playing a more important role than the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) mode. The tropical Atlantic impacts on Central Pacific (CP)‐ENSO predictability and PB are relatively smaller. Consistent with observations, the tropical Atlantic can weaken PB in most CMIP6 models. The evolution of the tropical Atlantic optimum initial structures confirms the important influence of the EA mode on the eastern tropical Pacific. Therefore, the tropical Atlantic dynamics, especially the EA mode, should be appropriately considered to improve the prediction of EP‐ENSO and weaken the EP‐ENSO PB.
Mixing and Geometry in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Bruera Renzo , Curbelo Jezabel , García‐Sánchez Guillermo , Mancho Ana M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVertical motions across the ocean are central to processes, like CO2 fixation, heat removal or pollutant transport, which are essential to the Earth's climate. This work explores 3D conveyor routes associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Our findings show the geometry of mixing structures in the upper and deep ocean layers by means of Lagrangian Coherent Structures. This tool identifies among others, zones linked to vertical transport and characterizes vertical transport time scales. We focus the study in two regions. The first one is the Flemish Cap region, a zone of interaction between the major AMOC components, where our analysis identifies a domain of deep waters that ascend very rapidly to the ocean surface. The second one is the Irminger Sea, where our analysis confirms the existence of a downwelling zone, and reveals a previously unreported upwelling connection between very deep waters and the ocean surface.
Crosshole Ground‐Penetrating Radar in Clay‐Rich Quaternary Deposits: Toward Characterization of High‐Loss Media
Authors: Svendsen E. B. , Nielsen L. , Nilsson B. , Kjær K. H. , Looms M. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKnowing the centimeter‐to meter‐scale distribution of sand in clayey deposits is important for determining the dominating water flow pathways. Borehole information has a high vertical resolution, on the millimeter‐ to centimeter‐scale, but provides poor lateral coverage. For highly heterogeneous deposits, such as glacial diamicts, this detailed borehole information may not be sufficient for creating reliable geological models. Crosshole ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) can provide information on the decimeter‐ to meter‐scale variation between boreholes, but has mainly been used in sandy environments. In this study, we investigate whether crosshole GPR can provide information on the structural relationship of diamicts and their material properties, such as water content, bulk density, and clay content. To achieve ground truth, we compare the crosshole GPR data with geological information from boreholes and an excavation at the field site. The GPR data was analyzed comprehensively using several radar wave attributes in both time‐ and frequency domain, describing the signal velocity, strength, and shape. We found small variations in signal velocity (between 0.06 and 0.07 m/ns) but large variations in both amplitude and shape (either order of magnitude variation or doubling/tripling of attribute values). We see that the GPR response from wetter and more clayey diamicts have both lower amplitudes and lower centroid frequencies than the response from their drier and sandier counterparts. Lastly, we find that the variation in amplitude and shape attributes is better correlated to the diamicts' material properties than the signal velocity.
Photoactivated organic phosphorescence by stereo-hindrance engineering for mimicking synaptic plasticity
Authors: Wang He , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Chifeng , Wang Xiao , Ma Huili , Yin Jun , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurely organic phosphorescent materials with dynamically tunable optical properties and persistent luminescent characteristics enable more novel applications in intelligent optoelectronics. Herein, we reported a concise and universal strategy to achieve photoactivated ultralong phosphorescence at room temperature through stereo-hindrance engineering. Such dynamically photoactivated phosphorescence behavior was ascribed to the suppression of non-radiative transitions and improvement of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) as the variation of the distorted molecular conformation by the synergistic effect of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. This “trainable” phosphorescent behavior was first proposed to mimic biological synaptic plasticity, especially for unique experience-dependent plasticity, by the manipulation of pulse intensity and numbers. This study not only outlines a principle to design newly dynamic phosphorescent materials, but also broadens their utility in intelligent sensors and robotics.
Estimation of skeletal muscle mass in 4-year-old children using the D3-creatine dilution method
Authors: Sidiqi Aysha , Fariha Farzana , Shanta Shaila S. , Dasiewicz Alison , Mahmud Abdullah Al. , Moore Daniel R. , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Hellerstein Marc K. , Evans William J. , Gernand Alison D. , Islam M. Munirul , Abrams Steven A. , Harrington Jennifer , Nyangau Edna , Roth Daniel E. , O’Callaghan Karen M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Given limited experience in applying the creatine-(methyl-D3) (D3Cr) dilution method to measure skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in young children, the feasibility of deployment in a fielding setting and performance of the method was assessed in a cohort of 4-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods
Following D3Cr oral dose (10 mg) administration, single fasting urine samples were collected at 2–4 days (n = 100). Twenty-four-hour post-dose collections and serial spot urine samples on days 2, 3 and 4 were obtained in a subset of participants (n = 10). Urinary creatine, creatinine, D3Cr and D3-creatinine enrichment were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and grip strength was measured by a hand-held dynamometer.

Results
SMM was measured successfully in 91% of participants, and there were no adverse events. Mean ± SD SMM was greater than ALM (4.5 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.6 kg, respectively). Precision of SMM was low (intraclass correlation = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.75; n = 10). Grip strength was not associated with SMM in multivariable analysis (0.004 kg per 100 g of SMM; 95% CI: −0.031, 0.038; n = 91).

Conclusions
The D3Cr dilution method was feasible in a community setting. However, high within-child variability in SMM estimates suggests the need for further optimization of this approach.

Impact

The D3-creatine (D3Cr) stable isotope dilution method was considered a feasible method for the estimation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in young children in a community setting and was well accepted among participants.

SMM was weakly associated with both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived values of appendicular lean mass and grip strength.

High within-child variability in estimated values of SMM suggests that further optimization of the D3Cr stable isotope dilution method is required prior to implementation in community research settings.
Plant pathogen resistance is mediated by recruitment of specific rhizosphere fungi
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Tao Chengyuan , Zhang Lingyin , Wang Zhe , Xiong Wu , Xiang Dandan , Sheng Ou , Wang Jiabao , Li Rong , Shen Zongzhuan , Li Chunyu , Shen Qirong , Kowalchuk George A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Beneficial interactions between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms are key determinants of plant health with the potential to enhance the sustainability of agricultural practices. However, pinpointing the mechanisms that determine plant disease protection is often difficult due to the complexity of microbial and plant-microbe interactions and their links with the plant’s own defense systems. Here, we found that the resistance level of different banana varieties was correlated with the plant’s ability to stimulate specific fungal taxa in the rhizosphere that are able to inhibit the Foc TR4 pathogen. These fungal taxa included members of the genera Trichoderma and Penicillium, and their growth was stimulated by plant exudates such as shikimic acid, D-(-)-ribofuranose, and propylene glycol. Furthermore, amending soils with these metabolites enhanced the resistance of a susceptible variety to Foc TR4, with no effect observed for the resistant variety. In total, our findings suggest that the ability to recruit pathogen-suppressive fungal taxa may be an important component in determining the level of pathogen resistance exhibited by plant varieties. This perspective opens up new avenues for improving plant health, in which both plant and associated microbial properties are considered.
The role of integrin family in bone metabolism and tumor bone metastasis
Authors: Mao Liwei , Wang Lian , Xu Jiake , Zou Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntegrins have been the research focus of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion (ECM) and cytokine receptor signal transduction. They are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism of bone precursor cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCs), and osteocytes. Recent studies expanded and updated the role of integrin in bone metabolism, and a large number of novel cytokines were found to activate bone metabolism pathways through interaction with integrin receptors. Integrins act as transducers that mediate the regulation of bone-related cells by mechanical stress, fluid shear stress (FSS), microgravity, hypergravity, extracellular pressure, and a variety of physical factors. Integrins mediate bone metastasis of breast, prostate, and lung cancer by promoting cancer cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Integrin-mediated targeted therapy showed promising prospects in bone metabolic diseases. This review emphasizes the latest research results of integrins in bone metabolism and bone metastasis and provides a vision for treatment strategies.
Fast and slow intraplate ruptures during the 19 October 2020 magnitude 7.6 Shumagin earthquake
Authors: Bai Yefei , Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Cheung Kwok Fai , Yamazaki Yoshiki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrong tsunami excitation from slow rupture of shallow subduction zone faults is recognized as a key concern for tsunami hazard assessment. Three months after the 22 July 2020 magnitude 7.8 thrust earthquake struck the plate boundary below the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, a magnitude 7.6 aftershock ruptured with complex intraplate faulting. Despite the smaller size and predominantly strike-slip faulting mechanism inferred from seismic waves for the aftershock, it generated much larger tsunami waves than the mainshock. Here we show through detailed analysis of seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations of the aftershock that the event implicated unprecedented source complexity, involving weakly tsunamigenic fast rupture of two intraplate faults located below and most likely above the plate boundary, along with induced strongly tsunamigenic slow thrust slip on a third fault near the shelf break likely striking nearly perpendicular to the trench. The thrust slip took over 5 min, giving no clear expression in seismic or geodetic observations while producing the sizeable far-field tsunami.
Telecom quantum photonic interface for a 40Ca+ single-ion quantum memory
Authors: Arenskötter Elena , Bauer Tobias , Kucera Stephan , Bock Matthias , Eschner Jürgen , Becher Christoph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEntanglement-based quantum networks require quantum photonic interfaces between stationary quantum memories and photons, enabling entanglement distribution. Here we present such a photonic interface, designed for connecting a40Ca+single-ion quantum memory to the telecom C-band. The interface combines a memory-resonant, cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion photon pair source with bi-directional polarization-conserving quantum frequency conversion. We demonstrate preservation of high-fidelity entanglement during conversion, fiber transmission over up to 40 km and back-conversion to the memory wavelength. Even for the longest distance and bi-directional conversion the entanglement fidelity remains larger than 95% (98%) without (with) background correction.
Surrogate infection model predicts optimal alveolar macrophage number for clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus infections
Authors: Saffer Christoph , Timme Sandra , Rudolph Paul , Figge Marc Thilo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe immune system has to fight off hundreds of microbial invaders every day, such as the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The fungal conidia can reach the lower respiratory tract, swell and form hyphae within six hours causing life-threatening invasive aspergillosis. Invading pathogens are continuously recognized and eliminated by alveolar macrophages (AM). Their number plays an essential role, but remains controversial with measurements varying by a factor greater than ten for the human lung. We here investigate the impact of the AM number on the clearance of A. fumigatus conidia in humans and mice using analytical and numerical modeling approaches. A three-dimensional to-scale hybrid agent-based model (hABM) of the human and murine alveolus allowed us to simulate millions of virtual infection scenarios, and to gain quantitative insights into the infection dynamics for varying AM numbers and infection doses. Since hABM simulations are computationally expensive, we derived and trained an analytical surrogate infection model on the large dataset of numerical simulations. This enables reducing the number of hABM simulations while still providing (i) accurate and immediate predictions on infection progression, (ii) quantitative hypotheses on the infection dynamics under healthy and immunocompromised conditions, and (iii) optimal AM numbers for combating A. fumigatus infections in humans and mice.