bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism for remediation of low-permeable soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by thermally-enhanced soil vapor extraction combined with sand mixing
Authors: yu ying , Kang Wenhui , Song Jiannan , He Zhenli , Wang Jianguo , Liu Yu , Yan Zhiyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Thermally-enhanced soil vapor extraction (T-SVE) combined with sand mixing is an alternative technology for remediating low-permeable soil polluted by organic contaminants. In this study, a T-SVE apparatus with a large heating cylinder was constructed for exploring removal mechanisms of typical petroleum hydrocarbons of n-C11 and C13 − 16 alkanes, and dynamics of heat propagation within soils during T-SVE operation was simulated by CMG-STARS software. After 6 days of T-SVE, most of the soil concentration-gradient curves of n-alkanes almost coincided with their isothermal contours, suggested the crucial role of thermal conductivity on T-SVE remediation efficiency. The mass transfer of n-alkanes from thermally-treated soil to extraction well represented an irregular pulsed mode. Released gas-phase of n-alkanes sometimes increased rapidly by 1–2 orders of magnitudes and then quickly decreased. Trivial impact of soil organic matter on heat transfer was observed. n-alkanes were more easily eliminated from soil with lower organic matter due to the less retention of them. By contrast, the higher soil moisture retarded heat transfer in the initial 2 days attributed to the heat consumption induced by water evaporation and n-alkane volatilization. In the next 4 days, soil pores occupied by water were gradually displaced by air, leading to accelerated heat transfer and evaporation of n-alkane and therefore promoted eventual remediation efficiency of T-SVE. Suitable original soil moisture is important for T-SVE remediating low-permeable soil combined with sand mixing.
Effect of nonlinearity of discrete Langevin model on behavior of extremes in generated time series
Authors: Czechowski Zbigniew , Telesca Luciano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In this work we analyze the influence of nonlinearity on the behavior of extremal values of time series generated by two discrete Langevin models: fixing the diffusion function in the first (M1), the marginal distribution in the second (M2). The extremes were generated by applying the run theory. A mathematical relationship was found between nonlinearity of models and means and distributions of run lengths and inter-extreme times as well as with the clustering of extremes. Furthermore, the Allan factor curves of the extremes suggest that the sequences of extremes are fractal for timescales up to the mean inter-extreme time. Our main findings are that the variation of the nonlinearity parameter in model M1 (leading to the increase of the marginal distribution tail length) can cause a significant variation of the extreme characteristics and an increase of the clustering while the variation of the nonlinearity parameter in model M2 (with fixed distribution) has a little effect on extremes.
Insight, satisfaction with pharmacological treatment and treatment outcome in patients with schizophrenia: results of the long-term prospective study CLIPS
Authors: Härd iris van Dijk , Lundell Ingrid , Helldin Lars 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia patients that lack capacity or motivation to follow treatment instructions show reduced possibility for stable improvement of clinical status and an increased risk for recurrent symptomatic episodes. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between components known to be important for treatment adherence: patients’ satisfaction with pharmacological treatment, illness severity, cognitive capacity and insight in symptoms and disease.
Methods
Data are derived from 507 patients enrolled in a long-term prospective study in Sweden. All parameters were assessed at baseline for a cross-sectional relational analysis. Insight as well as remission state were also determined each year in a 3-year follow-up longitudinal study.
Results
Patients satisfied with treatment show less severe symptoms, are more often in remission and show a higher degree of insight in symptoms and disease. Neither satisfaction with treatment nor insight correlates to cognition in this study. During follow-up, insight scores increased in parallel to the number of patients in remission in the group where patients alternate between remission and not-remission. Insight in symptoms increased first and thereafter insight regarding underlying cause, is else schizophrenia as a disease.
Conclusions
Patients that clinically do better are more satisfied with treatment and show more insight in their symptoms and disease. Positive treatment results appear to directly improve patients’ satisfaction and insight, suggesting those to be a state phenomenon secondary to treatment outcome. This supports the need for stable symptomatic remission as treatment goal.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of WNK kinase gene family in soybean
Authors: Su Bohong , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Jianhao , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Sun Zhihui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
WNK kinases are a unique class of serine/threonine protein kinases that lack a conserved catalytic lysine residue in the kinase domain. They are involved in various physiological processes in plants, such as circadian rhythm, flowering time, and stress response. In this study, we identified 26 WNK genes in soybean, a globally important crop, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal distribution, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns. We found that soybean WNK genes were unevenly distributed on 15 chromosomes and underwent 21 segmental duplication events during evolution. We also detected 14 types of cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of WNK genes, indicating their potential involvement in different signaling pathways. Moreover, we observed tissue-specific and salt stress-responsive expression of WNK genes in soybean by using FPKM data and qRT-PCR analysis. We found that most WNK genes were significantly up-regulated by salt stress within 3 hours in both roots and leaves, except for WNK5, which showed a distinct expression pattern. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular characteristics and evolutionary history of the soybean WNK gene family and lay a foundation for further functional analysis of WNK genes in soybean.
An Exploration of Students’ use of Digital Resources for Self-Study in Anatomy: a survey study
Authors: Pettersson Anna , Karlgren Klas , Hjelmqvist Hans , Meister Björn , Silén Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Technology-enhanced learning has fundamentally changed anatomy education. Currently, student-centred approaches to learning are gaining ground within higher education. To guide educators in how to structure and support student learning, further research is needed to investigate how students use digital resources when learning anatomy. This study aimed to understand which digital resources students use in the self-study of anatomy.
Methods: A qualitative interpretive approach was used to collect and analyse data. Two consecutive cohorts of first-semester medical students (n = 278) were invited to complete an anonymized survey. The survey consisted of 15 questions with multiple response options to itemized questions and free-text space for comments, and one open-ended question. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics and itemized answers. Comments and free-text answers were analysed qualitatively using abductive inference.
Results: One hundred and twenty-seven students completed the survey (response rate 45%). Most students (46%) reported that they spend more than 30 hours/per week on self-study. They used a variety of digital resources for different purposes. Most students used digital resources to prepare for examinations when they encountered difficulty and after going through a section. Students reported that they would use digital resources to a greater extent if they were introduced to the use of digital resources, if resources were more accessible, and if they could interact with a tutor. The free text responses revealed that digital resources helped students understand anatomy, allowed them to make active choices, provided tools for repetition and memorization, accelerated and simplified the learning process, and complemented other learning resources.
Conclusions: Digital resources may support the understanding of anatomy by offering alternative modes of learning and providing a valuable complement to other learning resources. Educators should consider how digital resources are introduced and offer support and feedback.
The Effectiveness of a Telephone Smoking Cessation Program in Mental Health Clinic Patients by Level of Mental Well-Being and Functioning: A Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Swong Sarah , Nicholson Andrew , Smelson David , Rogers Erin S. , El-Shahawy Omar , Sherman Scott E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have examined the effectiveness of telephone smoking cessation interventions by severity of behavioral health symptoms. Using data from a telephone counseling study, we examined whether abstinence rates varied by level of behavioral health symptoms.
Methods
The parent study recruited adults who smoke cigarettes (N = 577) referred by mental health providers at six Veterans Health Administration facilities. Participants were randomized to specialized telephone counseling (intervention) or state Quitline referral (control). Participants completed assessments at baseline and 6 months, including the BASIS-24, a self-report measure of behavioral health symptoms and functioning. We used the BASIS-24 median to dichotomize participants as having high or low scores. The primary outcome was 30-day self-reported abstinence at 6 months. We compared groups on outcomes by logistic regression and performed an interaction effect analysis between treatment assignment and groups.
Results
At baseline, those with high behavioral health symptoms scores reported heavier nicotine dependence and more sedative and/or antidepressant use. At 6 months, participants with low behavioral health symptoms scores in the intervention reported higher rates of 30-day abstinence compared to those in the control arm (26% vs 13%, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.8, 2.9). People with high behavioral health symptoms scores reported no difference in 30-day abstinence between the treatment assignments at 6 months (12% vs. 13%, OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6, 2.0).
Conclusions
Only participants with low behavioral health symptoms scores reported higher abstinence rates in the intervention compared to the state Quitline. Future research can examine alternative approaches for people with worse mental well-being and functioning.
Trial registration
The parent study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00724308.
Information scrambling and the growth of errors in noisy tomography - a quantum signature of chaos
Authors: Madhok Vaibhav , Sahu Abinash , Varikuti Naga Dileep 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How does quantum chaos lead to rapid scrambling of information as well as errors across a system when one introduces perturbations in the dynamics? What are its consequences for the reliability of quantum simulations and quantum information processing?
We employ continuous measurement quantum tomography as a paradigm to study these questions. The measurement record is generated as a sequence of expectation values of a Hermitian observable evolving under repeated application of the Floquet map of the quantum kicked top. Interestingly, we find that the reconstruction fidelity initially increases regardless of the degree of chaos or the strength of perturbations in the dynamics. For random states, when the measurement record is obtained from a random initial observable, the subsequent drop in the fidelity obtained is inversely correlated to the degree of chaos in the dynamics. More importantly, this also gives us an operational interpretation of Loschmidt echo for operators by connecting it to the performance of quantum tomography. We define a quantity to capture the scrambling of errors, an out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) between two operators under perturbed and unperturbed system dynamics that serves as a signature of chaos and quantifies the spread of errors. Our results demonstrate not only a fundamental link between Loschmidt echo and scrambling of errors, as captured by OTOCs, but that such a link can have operational consequences in quantum information processing.
Cold-air assisted fluidized bed tea production cycle as a novel method
Authors: Kilic Aydin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent research reveals that basic low temperature processes have significantly preserve to the biomaterial quality. In the production process of the tea plant, which is known for its bioactive characteristics, many basic processes that are thought to affect the bioactivity are applied. In this study, the applicability of some chemical properties and sensory qualities of freeze withering (LTwh), rotary curling, cold air assisted fluidized bed drying applications in white and black tea production were investigated. For this purpose, 300 g of buds harvested in the first shoot period were used in the production of white tea (Wt), while fresh tea samples collected as three leaves of the same weight were used for the production of Black tea (Bt). In this context, the samples collected for both trials were frozen at (-18 ºC) degrees after harvesting and thawed again at refrigerator temperature as a withering process. The rolling process was carried out using a rolling unit with a rotating cabinet (40 rpm/min, 32ºC, 8 s, 90 rh) specially designed for the Bt samples after the withering. During drying, the same drying parameters of both products (Wt, Bt) were applied in a fluidized bed system (60, 40, 25, 10ºC) with a high air velocity (± 5 m/s). In this regard the withering, rolling (only for Bt), fluidisation value, cold air assisted fluidised bed drying, brewing, physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of Wt and Bt were investigated.
Valorization of lignocellulosic waste using Halothermophilic Bacillus sp.: A sustainable approach for the production of glycoside hydrolase
Authors: Qayyum Azkah , Siddiqui Ayesha , Zohra Rashida Rahmat , Ahmad Mahnaz , Zohra Raheela Rahmat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The primary sector of Pakistan’s economy is agriculture. A huge number of agriculture industries are currently operating in all provinces of Pakistan. However, the various procedures in agriculture industries release abundant amount of waste that accumulate in environment therefore causing pollution. The approaches of industrial biotechnology give solution of environmental pollution by effective consumption of these waste residues in to industrially important metabolites especially enzymes through microbial fermentation in ecofriendly manner. In microbial domain, bacterial cells are largely used for the production of different enzymes specifically starch degrading enzymes. Among them, glycoside hydrolase is well known to be secreted extracellularly in adequate quantities. An important category of glycoside hydrolase is amylase. Amylases possess huge number of industrial applications as they are utilized in various processes of food, textile, paper, detergent, leather, starch, pharmaceutical and fuel industries. The current study was based on the utilization of several lignocellulosic substrates for the production of amylase by indigenously isolated halothermophilic Bacillus subtilis C5W. Parametric optimization resulted in the production of maximum amylase in a modified starch production medium. Enhanced enzyme yield was attained at 50 °C after 24 hours of incubation period in modified culture medium (pH 7.0). For nutritional requirement of isolate for enhanced production of amylase, various agro-industrial wastes were used as a carbon source along with soluble starch as a control. Rice husk greatly induced amylase production (57.5%) among all agro substrates. Although starch (1.5%) provoked maximum production of amylase as it is in purified form but consumption of agro-industrial biomass significantly enhanced amylase production. Other chemical components like peptone (0.05%) as an organic nitrogen source and NaCl (1%) was also associated with improved production of enzyme. The ability of isolated Bacillus specie to sustain in wide pH ranges with least fermentation time makes it as a potential candidate for mass production of amylase. Moreover, the potential usage of agro industrial substrates for cultivation of amylase reduces cost of fermentation media and production setups.
Economic growth and environmental pollution in small-scale E-DSGE model. The case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Valiyev Vilayat , Abbasov Ceyhun , Gulaliyev Elchin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In this article, stochastic simulations were carried out by building a small-scale E-DSGE model. The relationship between some macroeconomic variables and the level of environmental pollution was studied by including the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the structure of the model. In the research work, the analytical form of EKC is presented in a special form. In order to further strengthen our particular approach in the analytical form of EKC, we have taken the environment pollution elasticity of output as a stochastic exogenous variable. In the study, stochastic simulations were performed using the first and second order Taylor approximation around the steady state. It was found that the variance decomposition of the volatility of an environmental pollution level was completely different for these two simulations. However, in both simulations, the TFP and government spending shocks reduced the environmental pollution level.
Is there a gap between sexes regarding factors related to the unmet dental care needs of disabled adults? An analysis from a national survey on disabled persons
Authors: Kim Na-Hyeon , Ryu Jae-In 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Health status and health care utilization in people with disabilities are more likely to be poorer than those without disabilities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic information and the unmet dental care needs of people with disabilities and explore the effect of sex within this relationship.
Methods
The 2014 national survey of the disabled population was used, which separated unmet healthcare needs into medical and dental services. Unweighted samples included 6,824 people with disabilities in total and 6,555 (96.1% of the total, weighted as 6,583) people aged 20 years or older were selected as the study population. Frequency and chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences in the prevalence of unmet dental needs based on socioeconomic information, chronic diseases, and behavioral factors after applying weights. Logistic regressions were performed using an adjusted model with sociodemographic information, chronic diseases, and behavioral variables. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA).
Results
Analysis of the factors related to unmet dental care requirements revealed that they were higher in women and the elderly. In the logistic model, only disabled adults who were in the middle SES or diagnosed with hypertension did not show statistically significant differences by related factors after fully adjusting. Considering the interaction effect of age on unmet dental needs depending on sex differences, the odds ratio decreased for females with every annual increase in both models. Compared with the younger group, the older group showed a lower risk of having unmet dental needs, especially in females.
Conclusions
The factor most closely related to the unmet dental care needs of disabled people was socioeconomic problems. Its influence also differed by sex. Therefore, economic support measures and long-term policy consideration are needed to reduce the unmet dental care needs of disabled people and promote oral health.
Challenges associated with follow-up care after implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program with ablative therapy for cervical cancer prevention in Iquitos, Peru: a mixed methods study
Authors: Morse Rachel , Brown Joanna , López E. Jennifer Ríos , Prieto Bryn A. , Kohler-Smith Anna , Díaz Karina Gonzales , Escudero Magaly Figueredo , Cuadro Daniel Lenin del , Aguila Giannina Vásquez del , Grandez Henrry Daza , Meza Graciela , Tracy J. Kathleen , Gravitt Patti E. , Paz‑Soldan Valerie A. , Group The Proyecto Precancer Study 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer; however, decreasing its prevalence requires early detection and treatment strategies that reduce rates of loss to follow-up. This study explores factors associated with loss to follow-up among HPV-positive women after implementation of a screen-and-treat approach with visual triage and ablative therapy for cervical cancer prevention in Iquitos, Peru.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with nurse-midwives (n = 15) working in cervical cancer prevention and women (n = 24) who were recorded as lost to follow-up after positive HPV results. We used the Health Care Access Barriers Model to guide analysis. We utilize manifest content analysis to describe barriers to follow-up according to the nurse-midwives and thematic analysis to report themes from the women’s perspectives. We also report the steps and time taken to contact women and report discrepancies and concordances between nurse-midwives and women regarding reasons for loss to follow-up.
Results
Women in this study expressed a desire to receive treatment. Barriers, including fragmented and incomplete registry systems, made receiving follow-up care more challenging. Nurse-midwives faced structural barriers in attempting to deliver positive results to women who were challenging to contact, and women did not have clear knowledge of how to receive their HPV results. Women faced cognitive barriers including a lack of understanding about HPV results and treatment procedures, fear or anxiety about HPV or treatment, and confusion about the follow-up process. Women also reported having important work matters as a barrier. Reported financial barriers were minimal. There was agreement between women’s and nurse-midwives’ reported barriers to follow-up in slightly over half of the cases.
Conclusion
This study highlights the barriers to follow-up after implementation of a primary-level HPV-based screen-and-treat approach. While some barriers that have previously been associated with loss to follow-up were not observed in this study (e.g., financial), we emphasize the need for screen-and-treat programs to focus on strategies that can address incomplete registry systems, structural challenges in results delivery, cognitive barriers in understanding results and treatment, and work-related barriers.