bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Dimension of the CAP Debate: Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Authors: Haniotis Tassos 
Published: August 2023

SummaryExuberant expectations about what EU agriculture can and should deliver in policy areas beyond its scope often contrast sharply with both farm realities and contradictions in the behaviour of individuals as citizens and consumers. This has polarised the CAP policy debate, and erroneously pushes for a choice between prioritising either climate action or food security. Recent developments, including the war in Ukraine, added to concerns about uncertain and volatile future price prospects. Food price prospects and population growth impacts are pivotal in the debate about food security as higher food costs, prospects for higher energy costs driven by the green transition and increasing income inequalities put households in both developed and the developing world at risk with respect to food affordability. Adding trends of global population growth, especially in Africa, creates a clear challenge of availability in certain products and regions. The EU's underestimated and misunderstood record of producing more with less could help EU agriculture to positively contribute to addressing both food security and climate change. However, further improving its performance requires re‐opening the debate in three priority areas where the EU must come clear on its stance and future contribution – productivity, science and trade.
Barriers and Enablers of Long‐term Land Leasing: a Case Study of Northern Ireland
Authors: Adenuga Adewale Henry , Jack Claire , McCarry Ronan , Caskie Paul 
Published: August 2023

SummaryLong‐term land leasing offers a viable alternative to land ownership in relation to increasing efficiency of agricultural production, economies of scale, and delivering environmental improvements in terms of land management. However, with no significant tenanted sector in Northern Ireland, access to land via long‐term land leasing is limited. This study analysed the barriers and enablers of long‐term land leasing. To achieve our objective, we employed a mixed methods approach. The results show that the main barriers to long‐term land leasing were environmental concern (around how the land will be managed), inheritance tax implications and the potential effect of long‐term land leasing on future succession plans of the farm business. We also found that as much as 70 per cent of the farmers surveyed believe the inclusion of a ‘break clause’ and the introduction of income tax incentives will encourage the adoption of long‐term land leasing, while 61 per cent of the farmers stated that the environmental management of the land will encourage long‐term land leasing. The study concluded that any model designed to encourage long‐term land leasing in Northern Ireland should include clauses which cover the environmental management of the land and break clauses. Income tax incentives for landowners could also be considered.
Dietitian‐led micronutrient management in a public bariatric surgery outpatient clinic
Authors: Lewis Carrie‐Anne , Hiatt Joanne , de Jersey Susan , Osland Emma J. , Hickman Ingrid J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the multidisciplinary team attitudes and knowledge of bariatric surgery micronutrient management (pre‐ and postoperative care) and to evaluate the implementation of an extended‐scope of practice dietitian‐led model of care for micronutrient monitoring and management.MethodsA mixed method study design included quantitative evaluation of micronutrient testing practices and deficiency rates. Qualitative reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret multidisciplinary experience with micronutrient monitoring in a traditional and dietitian‐led model of care. In addition, deductive analysis used normalisation process theory mapping of multidisciplinary experience with the implementation of the dietitian‐led model of care.ResultsIn the traditional model, a lack of quality evidence to guide micronutrient management, and a tension in trust between surgeons and patients related to adherence to micronutrient prescriptions were described as challenges in current practice. The dietitian‐led model was seen to overcome some of these challenges, increasing collaborative, and coordinated, consistent and personalised patient care that led to increased testing for and detection of micronutrient deficiencies. Barriers to sustainability of the dietitian‐led model included a lack of workforce succession planning, and no clearly defined delegation for some aspects of care.ConclusionAn extended scope dietitian‐led model of care for micronutrient management after bariatric surgery improves clinical care. Challenges such as succession planning must be considered in design of extended scope services.
Multiresponse optimization of the extrusion process for ready‐to‐eat snacks from pineapple byproducts and maize flour
Authors: Vivar‐Vera María A. , Navarro‐Cortez Ricardo O. , Hernández‐Santos Betsabé , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel J. , Torruco‐Uco Juan G. , Ramírez‐Figueroa Enrique , Amador‐Mendoza Adolfo , Cruz‐Cabrera Irma , Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to optimize the processing conditions to obtain ready‐to‐eat extruded snacks with a high fiber content from mixtures of pineapple byproduct powder (PBP) and nixtamalized maize flour (PBP‐NMF) or maize flour (PBP‐MF). The effects of barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and PBP were evaluated. The increase in barrel temperature has a negative effect on the bulk density, the water absorption index, and the texture in both mixtures (PBP‐MF and PBP‐NMF) and increases the expansion index and the water solubility index in the mixture with MF. The increase in the feed moisture content increased the bulk density and water absorption index in both mixtures and the texture in the mixtures with MF. The increasing PBP decreases the expansion index and increases the water solubility index in both mixtures. The increase in PBP in the mixtures with MF decreases the water absorption index, texture, and bulk density. From the optimization, four products were obtained, two for the NMF mixture and two for the MF mixtures. The optimal formulations can be considered a good source of total fiber (12.46−12.78 g/100 g) and protein (8.27−8.85 g/100 g) with good acceptance by consumers.Practical ApplicationPineapple byproducts in combination with nixtamalized and nonnixtamalized maize flour are viable raw materials for the development of ready‐to‐eat extruded snacks with a high content of dietary fiber and good acceptance by consumers. Due to their characteristic nutritional properties, the consumption of this ready‐to‐eat snack could present potential benefits for human health.
idopNetwork: A network tool to dissect spatial community ecology
Authors: Dong Ang , Wu Shuang , Che Jincan , Wang Yu , Wu Rongling 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Network models have been used as a tool to characterize internal workings of complex systems. The amount of topological and functional information extracted from a network depend on the method of network inference and the type of network data.

An interdisciplinary computational model has been proposed to reconstruct informative, dynamic, omnidirectional and personalized networks (idopNetwork) from any data domains including static data.

We implement idopNetwork as an R‐based cartographic tool to characterize spatially varying interspecies interaction networks using the abundance data of multiple species from different geographical locations. This tool provides a unified framework for integrating power curve fitting based on allometrical scaling law, functional clustering, LASSO‐based variable selection, quasi‐dynamic ordinary differential equation solving, species abundance decomposition and network visualization. It coalesces all species from different spaces into location‐specific networks.

We demonstrate the utility of this tool by analysing different organs that are spatially interconnected via microbiomes within the host using two datasets from the gut microbiota and plant microbiota. Given that biodiversity and organization vary biogeographically at different scales, idopNetwork will find its widespread application to modelling and estimating interspecific interactions with differing functions across space.
Exogenous growth regulators amplify the morpho‐physiology, root architecture and dry‐matter accumulation in seed potato
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Aulakh Charanjit Singh , Chawla Neena , Khepar Varinder 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnhancing the productivity of seed potato production systems by improving the size of the tubers is a primary concern. Punjab, a state located in the northwest region of India, meets 60% of the country's seed requirements. In order to optimize the morpho‐physiological aspects, root structure, and overall yield of seed‐sized tubers, research trials were carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana over two consecutive years. The trial consisted of 11 different treatments and was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of Gibberellic acid at a concentration of 200 ppm, at 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS), resulted in significantly higher yields of seed‐sized tubers measuring <4.5 cm. This treatment also exhibited superior root architecture parameters and accumulation of dry matter, outperforming all other growth regulation treatments. Compared to the untreated control group, the Gibberellic acid application led to a remarkable increase of 45.9% and 39.8% in seed‐sized tuber yields. Furthermore, it significantly boosted the protein, starch, antioxidant (total phenols), sugar (total and reducing), and mineral content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the tubers, surpassing the effects of all other growth regulation treatments. These results suggested that the exogenous use of gibberellic acid (200 ppm) at 45 and 60 DAS substantially improved the physiology, root architecture, and yield of seed‐sized tubers.
Oral immunotherapy in alpha‐gal red meat allergy: Could specific IgE be a potential biomarker in monitoring management?
Authors: Ünal D. , Eyice‐Karabacak D. , Kutlu A. , Demir S. , Tüzer C. , Arslan A. F. , Işık S. R. , Gelincik A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment for food allergies. Our aim was to establish the long‐term safety and efficacy of a novel red meat (RM) OIT in galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose (alpha‐gal) allergy in adults.MethodsOut of 20 patients with confirmed RM allergy, five (41.66%) underwent an early OIT, seven (58.33%) underwent a delayed protocol and eight patients who were not desensitized formed the patient control group. 15 and 27 day RM OIT for early‐onset and delayed‐onset alpha‐gal allergy were administered, respectively. Desensitized patients were recommended to continue eating at least 100 g RM every day for 6 months and every other day in the following 6 months. After a year, the consumption was recommended 2/3 times in a week. Patients were followed up with skin tests with commercial beef and lamb extracts, fresh raw/cooked beef and lamb and cetuximab and also with serum alpha‐gal specific Immunoglobulin‐E (sIgE) in the first and fifth years.ResultsAll patients who underwent OIT became tolerant to RM. During the 5 year follow‐up, the median alpha‐gal sIgE concentration gradually decreased in nine patients who consumed RM uneventfully while remained unchanged in the control group (p = .016). In two patients, rare tick bites acted as inducers of hypersensitivity reactions with concomitant elevation of alpha‐gal sIgE concentrations whereas one patient with low follow‐up alpha‐gal sIgE concentrations consumed RM uneventfully after frequent tick bites.ConclusionsOur study showed the long‐term safety and efficacy of alpha‐gal OIT. Additionally, alpha‐gal sIgE seems to be a potential biomarker to monitor OIT.
Dupilumab‐induced eosinophilia in patients with diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ryser Fabio S. , Yalamanoglu Ayla , Valaperti Alan , Brühlmann Catrin , Mauthe Tina , Traidl Stephan , Soyka Michael B. , Steiner Urs C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab, a monoclonal anti‐IL‐4Rα antibody, is approved for several type 2 mediated inflammatory diseases like asthma, atopic dermatitis, and diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Clinical studies had reported a transient increase in blood eosinophils during dupilumab therapy.This study aimed to assess the impact of elevated blood eosinophils on clinical outcome and to investigate the cause of high blood eosinophil levels under dupilumab therapy.MethodsPatients suffering from diffuse type 2 CRS treated with dupilumab were examined on days 0, 28, 90, and 180 after therapy start. Sino‐Nasal‐Outcome‐Test Score (SNOT‐22), Total Nasal Polyp Score (TNPS), and blood samples were collected. Cytokine measurements and proteomics analysis were conducted. Flow cytometry analysis measured receptor expression on eosinophils.ResultsSixty‐eighty patients were included. Baseline eosinophilia ≥0.3G/L was observed in 63.2% of patients, and in 30.9% of patients, eosinophils increased by ≥0.5G/L under dupilumab. Subjects with eosinophilia ≥0.3G/L at baseline had the best SNOT‐22 mean change compared to no eosinophilia. Eosinophil elevation during dupilumab therapy had no impact on clinical scores. The eosinophil adhesion molecule VCAM‐1 decreased significantly during therapy in all patients. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 was significantly down‐ and IL‐4 upregulated in subjects with eosinophil increase.ConclusionOur findings suggest that increased eosinophils in type 2 CRS are associated with a good clinical response to dupilumab. Patients with elevated IL‐4 at baseline developed dupilumab‐induced transient eosinophilia. We identified the downregulation of VCAM‐1 and surface markers CD49d and CXCR4 on eosinophils as possible explanations of dupilumab‐induced eosinophilia.
Assembling Under the Westway: The Emergence of Social Infrastructure in North Kensington, London
Authors: Sendra Pablo , Belson Toby Laurent , Picardi Marco Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the generative capacity of activist movements defending their community assets from commodification or closure to produce new forms of social infrastructure. We explore this through the case study of activism along the Westway, a motorway in West London. The area has a strong tradition of community activism, particularly in the 1960s and the 2010s. Through a Participatory Action Research approach, we elaborate a historical account of the formation of social infrastructure under the Westway and surrounding spaces. In doing so, we develop a framework—processes, alliances, and capacities—to understand how communities and activist groups contesting the loss of community spaces can generate new forms of social infrastructure—both physical spaces such as play spaces or cultural venues, and social and caring relationships such as friendships or support networks. These informal spaces and alliances can shed light on how to build alternative, bottom‐up forms of social infrastructure.
Nordic survey showed wide variation in discharge practices for very preterm infants
Authors: Arwehed Sofia , Axelin Anna , Björklund Lars J. , Thernström Blomqvist Ylva , Heiring Christian , Jonsson Baldvin , Klingenberg Claus , Metsäranta Marjo , Ågren Johan , Lehtonen Liisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to describe clinical practices and criteria for discharge of very preterm infants in Nordic neonatal units.MethodsMedical directors of all 89 level‐2 and level‐3 units in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden were invited by e‐mail to complete a web‐based multiple‐choice survey with the option to make additional free‐text comments.ResultsWe received responses from 83/89 units (93%). In all responding units, discharge readiness was based mainly on clinical assessment with varying criteria. In addition, 36% used formal tests of cardiorespiratory stability and 59% used criteria related to infant weight or growth. For discharge with feeding tube, parental ability to speak the national language or English was mandatory in 45% of units, with large variation among countries. Post‐discharge home visits and video‐consultations were provided by 59% and 51%, respectively. In 54% of units, parental preparation for discharge were not initiated until the last two weeks of hospital stay.ConclusionDischarge readiness was based mainly on clinical assessment, with criteria varying among units despite similar population characteristics and care structures. This variation indicates a lack of evidence base and may unnecessarily delay discharge; further studies of this matter are needed. Earlier parental preparation and use of interpreters might facilitate earlier discharge.
Temporal variations of vaccine hesitancy amid the COVID‐19 outbreaks in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Cyrus Lap Kwan , Li Kin Kit , In Wei Wan , Tam Wilson , McNeil Edward B. , Tang Arthur , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Kwok Kin On 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo inform the dynamic adjustments of vaccination campaigns, this study examined the transitions among vaccine hesitancy profiles over the COVID‐19 pandemic progression and their predictors and outcomes. The transition patterns among hesitancy profiles over three periods were identified using a latent transition analysis with individuals from a longitudinal cohort study since the emergence of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong. Four profiles (i.e., skeptics, apathetics, fence‐sitters, and believers) emerged consistently over time. From Period 1 (third and fourth pandemic waves) to Period 2 (dormant period, vaccine rollout), 14.17% of believers became fence‐sitters (ambivalization), and 12.11% of fence‐sitters became apathetics (apathetization). From Period 2 to Period 3 (omicron surge and vaccine mandates), 20.21% of believers became fence‐sitters. Lower trust in government predicted a transition to skepticism, whereas higher trust predicted the opposite. Staying as believers was associated with decreased hygienic and social distancing behavior. The stable hesitancy profiles amid the rapid vaccine uptake suggest that structural factors rather than personal agency may drive the surge. Ambivalization and apathetization may signal disengagement in preventive behaviors. Trust in the government is crucial in the pandemic response. Public health interventions may improve compliance with guidelines and prevent skepticism and apathy.
Autonomy and control in the (home) office: Finance professionals' attitudes toward working from home in Canada as a result of COVID‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Cockayne Daniel , Treleaven Christina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the shift to working from home among finance professionals in Canada as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We present the results of a survey that invited quantitative and qualitative responses about attitudes toward working from home, the overlap between paid and unpaid (i.e., childcare and other caregiving) work in the home, changing relationships with employers, and preferences regarding the organisation and location of work. We argue that enforced working from home signalled a shift in outlook among finance professionals that, beyond stated preferences to work from home, shows both that many are seeking more autonomy and control over their working lives and a distinct ambivalence about working from home. This is significant in sectors like finance where overwork is common and in‐office dynamics are seen, especially by managers and employers, as particularly important in relation to mentorship, advancement, and promotion, often within rigid masculinist hierarchies. Thus, an eventual return to ‘normal’, i.e., full‐time office‐based work, may be especially appealing in this sector. This paper contributes to the expanding literature on working from home resulting from COVID‐19 lockdowns in white‐collar professions within and outside of geography, with a focus on the literatures on work, workplaces, and social reproduction in economic and financial geography.
A semimechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for alanine aminotransferase‐based hepatotoxicity of methotrexate in paediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia
Authors: Yin Qiufen , Cheng Zeneng , Yang Minghua , Wang Shengfeng , Xie Feifan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsMethotrexate (MTX) is recognized for its potential to induce hepatotoxicity, commonly manifested by elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. However, the quantitative relationship between the pharmacokinetics (PK) of MTX and ALT‐based hepatotoxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to develop a semimechanistic PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) model to characterize the MTX‐induced hepatotoxicity based on ALT in paediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on paediatric patients who received high‐dose (3–5 g/m2) MTX treatment. MTX concentrations were assessed at 24‐h intervals until the concentration dropped below 0.1 μmol/L. ALT concentrations were measured both before and after MTX administration. A population PK model was initially developed, which was later connected to a semimechanistic hepatotoxicity model.ResultsThe PK model was developed using 354 MTX concentrations obtained from 51 patients, while the PD model was constructed using 379 ALT concentrations collected from 48 patients. The optimal PK model for MTX consisted of a 2‐compartment structure, where body surface area served as a covariate for clearance and central volume of distribution. An indirect response model coupled to a liver injury signal transduction model was developed to describe the dynamics of ALT after MTX administration. The drug effect was adequately described by a linear model, exhibiting considerable interoccasion variability for each treatment session. No significant covariates were identified to have an impact on the PD parameters.ConclusionA semimechanistic model was developed to describe ALT‐based hepatotoxicity of MTX, and it has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for characterizing drug‐induced hepatotoxicity.