bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐Temporal Changes in Effective Population Size in an Expanding Metapopulation of Eurasian Otters
Authors: Thomas Nia Evelyn , Chadwick Elizabeth A. , Bruford Michael W. , Hailer Frank 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConservation efforts are leading to demographic growth and spatial expansion of some previously endangered species. However, past population bottlenecks or population size fluctuations can have lasting effects on effective population size (Ne), even when census size (Nc) appears large or recovered. The UK metapopulation of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) has a well‐documented history of population recovery over recent decades, with indicators of presence (faeces and footprints) increasing in distribution and number over successive national surveys. To determine whether this increase in Nc is reflected in increased Ne, we analysed a large‐scale microsatellite dataset (21 years: 1993–2014; 407 individuals) for signals of recent Ne change using BOTTLENECK and LDNe, and evaluated potential biases associated with unaccounted spatial genetic structuring and inclusion of admixed genotypes. We obtained clear bottleneck signals in East England, and signals of recent population expansion in Wales and South West England in some analyses, consistent with national otter surveys and recent findings from whole‐genome sequencing. Analyses that did not account for spatial genetic structuring yielded strong spurious signals of United Kingdom‐wide population expansion, and Ne estimates from these analyses were suppressed by a factor of 3–4. Inclusion of admixed individuals had weaker impacts on Ne estimates, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals from different analyses. Notably, total Ne summed across regions was small and well below the Ne = 500 size deemed necessary for long‐term population viability (sum of river basin district groups: 170.6, 95% C.I.: 102.1–348.3). Conclusions drawn from UK otter surveys, which had suggested a robust population close to panmixia, are therefore not supported by our genetic evidence. Our study highlights the value of including genetic monitoring of endangered or recovering species in monitoring plans, while also providing methodologically important information about Ne estimation from real‐world datasets.
Perceptions of Political Deviants in the US Democrat and Republican Parties
Authors: Kulibert Danica , Moss Aaron J. , Appleby Jacob , O'Brien Laurie T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPeople who deviate from group norms pose problems for their ingroup, but not all forms of deviance are equivalent. Six experiments (N = 1,653) investigated lay understandings of subjective group dynamics by assessing people's beliefs about how others would perceive two types of deviants within U.S. political parties—political moderates and extremes. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants thought Democrats and Republicans, respectively, would show less approval of a moderate ingroup political candidate than an extreme ingroup political candidate. Experiment 3 demonstrated that participants thought Democrats would show less approval of a moderate Democratic campaign volunteer than an extreme Democratic campaign volunteer. Experiments 4 and 5 replicated Experiments 1 and 2 in ideologically diverse samples. Experiment 6 extended these findings by demonstrating that people's expectation that Republicans will show less approval of moderate ingroup members than extreme ingroup members extends to rank‐and‐file party members. People intuitively understand subjective group dynamics and this understanding may have important consequences for political behavior and discourse.
Production of amphisterol and other Δ8(14) sterols by Togula jolla (formerly Amphidinium sensu lato) overlaps chemotaxonomically with Amphidinium carterae
Authors: Hollingsworth Braedyn E. , Alves‐de‐Souza Catharina , Leblond Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile a longstanding method for identifying dinoflagellates, morphology alone can be inaccurate because of convergent evolution of truly different species toward a particular cellular shape. The dinoflagellate genus Togula is a case in point in that its type species Togula britannica was previously assigned to the genus Amphidinium based on morphology but was recently recognized as an independent genus following phylogenetic characterization. Chemotaxonomy can be a useful tool to complement the characterization of dinoflagellates by phylogeny. To this point, some, but not all, species of Amphidinium, such as Amphidinium carterae, have been observed to produce the rare 4α‐methyl‐substituted, Δ8(14)‐nuclear‐unsaturated major sterol 4α‐methyl‐5α‐ergosta‐8(14),24(28)‐dien‐3β‐ol (amphisterol) that has historically been considered a potential chemotaxonomic biomarker for the genus as it is found in very few other dinoflagellate genera. To date, no isolates within the genus Togula have had their sterols characterized; our objective was thus to provide a first examination of the sterols of an isolate of Togula to compare to the sterols of Amphidinium. To this end, we have characterized the sterols of Togula jolla, one of the few members of Togula available for study, to demonstrate the production of amphisterol, among other Δ8(14)‐nuclear unsaturated sterols, as its major sterol.
Diet‐Induced Obesity in the Rat Impairs Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Brain and This Metabolic Dysfunction Is Transmitted to the Offspring via Both the Maternal and the Paternal Lineage
Authors: Santillán Juan Antonio García , Mezo‐González Carla Elena , Gourdel Mathilde , Croyal Mikaël , Bolaños‐Jiménez Francisco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObesity leads to a number of health problems, including learning and memory deficits that can be passed on to the offspring via a developmental programming process. However, the mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of obesity on cognition remain largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of obesity on the production of sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins) in the brain and its relationship with the learning deficits displayed by obese individuals. We also sought to determine whether the effects of obesity on brain sphingolipid synthesis could be passed on to the offspring. Learning abilities and brain concentration of sphingolipids in male and female control and obese founder rats (F0) and their offspring (F1) were evaluated, respectively, by the novel object recognition test and by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, a global lipidome profiling of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was performed. Both male and female F0 rats showed impaired learning and increased concentrations of ceramides and sphingomyelins in the hippocampus and frontal cortex compared to their control counterparts. However, the overall lipidome profile of these brain regions did not change with obesity. Remarkably, the alterations in brain sphingolipid synthesis, as well as the cognitive impairment induced by obesity, were also present in adult F1 male rats born to obese mothers or sired by obese fathers and were associated with enhanced expression of mRNAs coding for enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of ceramides. These results show that the cognitive deficits and impaired sphingolipid metabolism induced by obesity can be transmitted to the offspring through both the maternal and paternal lineages and suggest that an increase in the brain concentration of sphingolipids could play a causal role in the cognitive deficits associated with obesity.image
Survival of radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats that are euthyroid and hypothyroid after treatment, and effect of levothyroxine supplementation on survival time of cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism
Authors: Cox Sarah E. , Wakeling Jennifer , Hall Teresa , Williams Tim L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHyperthyroid cats that are azotemic and hypothyroid after surgical or medical treatment have poor outcomes, and supplementation with levothyroxine (LT4) improves survival. However, the effect of LT4 supplementation on survival of nonazotemic, hypothyroid radioiodine (RI)‐treated hyperthyroid cats is unknown.HypothesisRadioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism or azotemia have shorter survival times than euthyroid, nonazotemic cats and supplementation of LT4 improves survival times of hypothyroid cats.AnimalsOne hundred seventeen RI treated hyperthyroid cats.MethodsProspective cohort study. Radioiodine treated cats were screened for azotemia and iatrogenic hypothyroidism using TSH stimulation test; LT4 supplementation was offered to all hypothyroid cats with decision to treat based on owner preference. The log rank test was used to compare survival times between groups, and the Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare age and renal variables. Data are presented as median [range].ResultsEuthyroid azotemic cats (934 [759‐2035] days) and nonsupplemented hypothyroid cats (azotemic and nonazotemic combined, 1232 [238‐2363] days) had shorter survival times than euthyroid nonazotemic cats (1616 [663‐3369] days, P = .003 and P = .002, respectively). Levothyroxine supplemented hypothyroid nonazotemic cats had longer survival times than nonsupplemented hypothyroid nonazotemic cats (1037 [300‐2401] days vs 768 [34‐1014] days; P = .027). Levothyroxine supplementation was not associated with prolonged survival times in hypothyroid azotemic cats vs nonsupplemented hypothyroid azotemic cats (771 [718‐1558] days vs 152 [82‐1852] days, respectively, P = .991).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLevothyroxine supplementation in nonazotemic cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism (diagnosed based on TSH stimulation test results) improved survival times, although randomized controlled trials are needed.
CM carbonaceous chondrite petrofabrics and their implications for understanding the relative chronologies of parent body deformation and aqueous alteration
Authors: Floyd C. J. , Jenkins L. E. , Martin P.‐E. , Daly L. , Lee M. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCM chondrites have been subjected to numerous alteration processes including brecciation and ductile deformation. Here, we present the results of 2D and 3D petrofabric analysis across a suite of meteorites: Aguas Zarcas, Cold Bokkeveld, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 85311, Murchison, and Winchcombe. We find that chondrule‐defined petrofabrics are commonplace, but not ubiquitous. Where petrofabrics are present, alignment is typically observed in the chondrule long axes defining foliation fabrics. Alongside previous authors we interpolate the shock pressures to generate such fabrics between 27.8 and 41.8 GPa. Impacts capable of generating these shock pressures should ordinarily produce shock microstructures in olivine something not observed in the CMs. Whilst high calculated pre‐compaction porosities may have had a role in attenuating energy transfer during collisions, we suggest the assumption of chondrule sphericity used in these calculations is misplaced and that a non‐spherical pre‐deformation chondrule shape is likely responsible for the dichotomy. We also reveal that the relative timings of aqueous alteration, brecciation, and deformation vary between CMs. Within Aguas Zarcas, we find multiple lithic clasts interpreted as having experienced different degrees of aqueous alteration, with opposing fabrics that formed after water/rock interaction but prior to brecciation. Meanwhile, within Cold Bokkeveld, we find a consistent fabric between clasts suggesting the fabric was imposed after both aqueous alteration and brecciation.
Shifting Student Attitudes of Gerontology Nursing: A Quasi‐Experimental Evaluation of a Clinical Educator Programme
Authors: Cutmore Ellie , Henderson Amanda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEnduring shortages in the gerontology nursing workforce are projected to increase as demand for services for older persons grows. Recruitment of Registered Nurses in gerontology is further hindered by negative perceptions held by students towards nursing older people.AimTo determine whether a professional development activity designed to assist clinical supervisors to build the mentorship capacity of care staff in residential aged care facilities could positively improve their clinical learning environment and improve student attitudes towards working with older adults.DesignA quasi‐experimental, non‐equivalent pretest–posttest control group design.SettingsClinical settings in which participants were undertaking an older person–focused clinical placement.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 466 first‐year undergraduate nursing students. Forty‐seven students responded to both the pre‐ and post‐placement surveys.MethodsThe intervention comprised four professional development sessions delivered to clinical supervisors supervising nursing students during clinical placement across three residential aged care facilities. Pre‐ and post‐placement surveys measured Student Perceptions of Working with Older People (SPWOP). The modified Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI) was included in the post‐placement survey to measure student perceptions of the clinical placement learning environment.ResultsControl group participants reported higher pre‐placement SPWOP scores yet showed no significant improvement in score post‐placement; however, the intervention group reported a statistically significant increase in SPWOP score post‐placement. Modified CLEI results revealed the control group reported higher levels of engagement in the learning environment, yet the intervention group reported greater motivation to learn.ConclusionsAn intervention designed to build staff mentorship capacity in gerontology care settings can positively influence student perceptions of working in gerontology. Despite these positive gains, results indicated that students who undertook placement at the intervention sites were less engaged. This disparity illuminates the need for continued efforts to build staff mentorship capacity in older person–focused clinical learning environments to improve student experiences and perceptions of gerontology nursing.Implications for PracticeFurther research that engages directly with unregulated healthcare workers in geronotological care settings could provide new insights into what this cohort need to become effective mentors and shift student nurse attitudes towards caring for older adults.
Parametric Assessment of Size and Peak Pressure Variability for Cavitation Bubbles Induced by Low-Voltage Discharge
Authors: Bourgeois Janika , Cara Axelle , Savard Justine , Buron Jean-David , Houde Sébastien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cavitation presents a significant challenge in the operation and longevity of hydraulic machinery. Studying a single cavitation bubble can provide fundamental insights into the phenomenon. One simple and popular method to generate such bubbles is through a low-voltage discharge between two contacting electrodes to create a spark that locally vaporizes water. This study investigates the repeatability of low-voltage discharge in generating consistent bubbles. The electrode length is one parameter that influences the bubble size. However, the excess length (the electrode length after the contact point) is shown to be the primary variable influencing the bubble size rather than the total electrode length. Additionally, even for bubbles of similar size, significant variability in wall pressure peaks was observed for bubbles generated far from the surface. This variability correlates with the time the electrodes require to melt and break. Longer melting times are associated with extended bubble lifetimes and lower pressure peaks.
Detached Eddy Simulation of Micro-Vortex Generators Mounted on NACA 4412 Airfoil
Authors: Khare Abhishek , Khurana Shashank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Micro-vortex generators (MVGs) are simple vane-type devices installed on surfaces , i.e., aircraft wing and tail, to control boundary layer flow separation. They are cost-effective and require an efficient numerical method to resolve the embedded longitudinal vortical structure, as the flow behind them is highly unsteady. This numerical study aims at analyzing the effect of MVGs on the NACA 4412 airfoil performance using the detached eddy simulation (DES) at 60,000 Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity of 11 m/s and the wing chord of 0.1 meter. The MVGs are installed in a row in counter-rotating configuration at 10% chord of the airfoil. The DES is utilized to resolve the high energetic scales of the vortex behind the MVGs which Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) is not likely to resolve properly. A comparison of DES simulations with the RANS simulations shows that RANS modeling is not sufficient to capture the airfoil flow characteristics at higher angles of attack. The DES simulations resolve the turbulent scales downstream of the MVGs effectively and produce significant improvement in NACA 4412 wing performance. It has been observed that airfoil lift coefficient at 10 deg angle of attack with the MVGs is 5% higher than the airfoil without MVGs. MVGs along the airfoil chordwise location demonstrate that MVGs at 25% chord are more effective in managing separation over the airfoil compared to those at 10% chord location.
Research on the Accelerated Life Test Method for Gaskets and the Verification of the Accuracy of the Life Prediction
Authors: Fu Xiaole , Wang Bo , Su Chaopeng , Shao Chunlei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bolted flanged connections are widely used in the petroleum and chemical industries. The gasket is the core component of bolted flanged connections. Accurate prediction of the gasket life is of great significance for the efficient, continuous, safe, and long-term operation of the device. The gasket accelerated life prediction method is a method for predicting gasket life developed in recent years. However, the accuracy of gasket life predicted by this method has not been studied so far. In order to verify the accuracy of the gasket accelerated life prediction method, a verification model for the accuracy of gasket life prediction was proposed in this study. The maximum accelerated stress level of gasket was determined through tests, and the accelerated life test and long-term sealing performance test were carried out. The hypothesis check of the gasket life distribution, consistency check of the shape parameters, and model parameter estimation of the accelerated life equation were carried out based on the measured data. All parameters of the life verification model (LVM) were obtained. On this basis, the life estimation values of the gasket accelerated life prediction model (ALPM) and the life verification model were compared under multiple groups of normal stress levels. The results show that the error time between the prediction model and the verification model does not exceed 720 h, which verifies the accuracy of the gasket accelerated life prediction method.
Adjoint Error Correction on Unstructured Finite Volume Solvers
Authors: Jayasankar Akhil , Ollivier-Gooch Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the major applications of the adjoint method is the improvement in the order of accuracy of integral quantities obtained from CFD simulations. Although the theory requires the use of a smooth interpolation of the solution, this has seldom been used with unstructured finite volume solvers. In this paper, the adjoint based correction is applied to output functionals obtained using finite volume method on unstructured meshes. A smoothing spline based on a C1 continuous representation of the discrete solution is employed to reduce the random noise in the solution and to improve the rate of convergence of the derivatives. Tests performed on randomly perturbed meshes in 1-D showed fourth-order convergence of output functionals obtained from second-order solution, corrected using the truncation error obtained using the smoothing spline and second-order accurate adjoint solution. The extension of this method to 2-D problems showed superconvergence for output functionals and improvements over existing results.
Perceived Team Motivational Climate, Athletic Identity, and Academic Endeavors Among High School Athletes
Authors: Chamberlin Jacob M. , Fry Mary D. , Long Haiying , Iwasaki Susumu 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine whether athletes’ perceptions of a caring (C) and task-involving (TI) sport climate significantly predict their career decision self-efficacy; career exploration and engagement; academic support from coaches and teammates; and athletic and academic identity, after controlling for athletes’ demographic information. High school athletes (N = 228; 75 females and 146 males) completed a survey that included the measures of interest. A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that students’ perceptions of a C/TI climate were positive predictors of their career decision self-efficacy (TI), academic identify (TI), and coach support of their academics (C/TI). The findings of this study build on the work of Poux and Fry published in 2015 with college athletes. When coaches foster a C/TI climate, they may be promoting holistic development of their athletes by encouraging them to invest in their academic program and prepare for future careers.
Association of gross domestic product with equitable access to childhood vaccines in 195 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dinga Jerome Nyhalah , Akinbobola Jones Soladoye , Afolayan Funmilayo Ibitayo Deborah , Njoh Andreas Ateke , Kassa Tesfaye , Lazarus David Dazhia , Dieye Yakhya , Kassa Gezahegne Mamo , Duedu Kwabena Obeng , Tshifhiwa Nefefe , Oumouna Mustapha 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGross domestic product (GDP) has been shown to affect government spending on various budget heads including healthcare and the purchase and distribution of vaccines. This vulnerable situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic which disrupted and exposed the fragile nature of equitable access to vaccines for childhood immunisation globally. A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of country income status and GDP with vaccination coverage of vaccines for childhood immunisation and other major infectious diseases around the globe will inform global and national policy on equity in living standards and vaccine uptake. This study was carried out to identify factors influenced by GDP that affect access, distribution, and uptake of childhood vaccines around the world using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.MethodsData were extracted for the burden of major infectious diseases of childhood immunisation programmes, factors affecting access to vaccines, vaccine procurement platforms, vaccination coverage and percentage of GDP used for the procurement of vaccines. Factors influencing the global vaccination coverage rate were also assessed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022350418) and carried out using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsData from 195 countries showed that the following infectious diseases had the highest burden; human papillomavirus (HPV), measles, Ebola and yellow fever. Low-income and some lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) used COVAX and UNICEF for vaccine procurement while high-income countries (HICs) preferred national and regional public tenders. Global vaccination coverage for tuberculosis, diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, hepatitis B,Haemophilus influenzaetype b, measles, polio, meningitis and HPV had a significantly higher coverage than COVID-19. Being an HIC and having coverage data collected from 1985 to 2015 as the most current data were associated with high vaccination coverage. The percentage of GDP spent on vaccine procurement did not influence vaccination coverage.ConclusionLow-income countries and LMICs should prioritise vaccine research and improve on development capacity. Countries worldwide should share data on vaccine expenditure, vaccination coverage, and the development and introduction of new vaccines and technologies to facilitate equitable vaccine access.