bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Medicinal Potentials of Soursop (Annona muricata Safford) Leaf Extracts against Eimeria tenella Infection in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Osho Innocent Bamidele , Abodunrin Stephen Olusola , Durojaye Catherine Olusunmibola 
Published: September 2023

Aims: Poultry industry in Nigeria has recorded considerable expansion in recent times but not without poultry diseases as one of the major threats to boosting poultry production. Protozoa cause the majority of parasitic infections and cause high mortalities. Parasitic diseases such as coccidiosis are of particular importance because of their high incidence in poultry occasioned by the tropical environmental conditions under which the farmer operates. The resistance to common anticoccidial drugs has led to exploring other natural sources for prophylaxis and therapy. This research evaluated the therapeutic efficacies of Annona muricata at different dosages of 100, 125, 165mg/kg body weight using 120 broilers at 4 weeks of age.
Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between September and December, 2022.
Methodology: 120 broilers of 4 weeks old were used for this study using completely randomized study design. The birds were infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts at week 4. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Annona muricata was administered orally at week 5 using different dosages of 100, 125, 165mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. Treatment commenced after the isolation of Eimeria oocysts in the faeces and onset on coccidial clinical signs as parameters to confirm manifestation of the infection. Blood parameters, faecal oocysts count and biochemical assays were conducted.
Results: Results revealed that therapeutic administration of Annona muricata leaf extracts at minimum dose 100mg/kg body weight had significant reduction (P<0.05) on excreted Eimeria oocysts counts without any significant deviation from normal haematological and biochemical indices of the broilers.
Conclusion: This study suggests the use of Annona muricata in the treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. It is therefore recommended that its extracts be further explored for actual phytochemical constituents responsible for the displayed anticoccidial properties.
Studies on the Storability of Hand-hauled and Machine-hauled Sunnhemp Seeds (Crotolaria juncea Linn.)
Authors: Masilamani P. , Govindaraj M. , Albert V. Alex , Sathya V. K. , Bhaskaran M. , Easwaran S. 
Published: September 2023

Aim: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on storability of sunnhemp seed.
Study Design: Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, TNAU, Kumulur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
Methodology: The sunnhemp seed crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were stored under ambient conditions in both cloth bag and super grain bag containers with 12.0 per cent and 8 per cent moisture content respectively. The experiment was designed adopting FCRD with eight replications. The seed quality parameters recorded at monthly intervals upto 12 months to assess the storability. The seed moisture content, seed health, germination percentage, root and shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were calculated.
Results: The result revealed seeds stored in cloth bag recorded 12% moisture content for initial month and increased up to 13.76% in 12th month whereas seeds stored in super bag recorded 8% initial month and increased up to 8.78% in 12th month. Seeds obtained by manual harvesting and manual threshing method registered maximum germination percentage (93% & 94%)followed by combine harvesting (91% & 92%).The minimum germination percentage was recorded in manual harvesting and mechanical threshing (89% & 90%). Between the containers, super grain bag maintained the highest germination percentage (92%) while the lowest germination percentage was observed in cloth bag (91%). Seed health test revealed that no incidence was noticed up to four months of storage.
Conclusion: From this study it could be concluded that sunnhemp seed crop harvested and threshed by different methods and reduced to the seed moisture content of 8 per cent and packed in super grain bag maintained seed quality above minimum seed certification standards up to twelve months of storage.
Analysis of Fatigue Fracture Accidents of Welded I-beam Bridges, Key Technology and Demolition Method in Australia
Authors: Wu Ding 
Published: September 2023

When Germany built Bendorf Bridge over the Rhine River, the cantilever pouring construction method was adopted, and the cantilever pouring method and cantilever assembly construction method were adopted. The continuous improvement, innovation and perfection of the method make this method widely used. At present, our country has made rapid progress in science and technology. New changes have been made in the prestressed design of concrete Bridges, as well as in the analysis and testing of structures, as well as in materials and processes. Great progress has been made in the design and construction of prestressed concrete Bridges.
In the construction of continuous steel Bridges, the width and weight of block 0 are changed with the size of the bridge span, for example, the higher the pier of the bridge built over the river valley, the more difficult the construction. When the two are put together, it will become the most important part of the construction, so the construction personnel should be extremely concerned about it. For the construction of No. 0 block, the following two construction processes are generally adopted, one is the support method. The second is the bracket method. Among them, the support method is divided into two kinds, respectively: full support and steel pipe pile support.
The bracket method involves a little more variety, the most important of which are: welded ox legs, embedded Beret pieces and counterthreading I beam method. In these construction methods, the I-beam method has been widely used, and its main advantages are that its bracket steel is tough, fast construction and wide range of application. Based on this, this paper studies the fatigue fracture accidents of welded I-beam Bridges in Australia for reference.
Study on the dynamic trends of moves into, out of, and within the city
Authors: Shimizu Yoko , Nakayama Toru , Shimizu Hiroko , Morita Hiroko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the trends of moving in and out of the city and moving within the city, and to identify more detailed demographic and social dynamics within the city. The study found that the trends of moving in and out of the city and moving within the city can be classified into six categories and that moving within the city plays a significant role in the social dynamics of the region. Even though there was an increase in terms of population, some trends in moves in showed an aging of the population and its impact on the local community. In the case of a decrease in population due to partial moves out by households, the former households remain in the area, so it was found that moving out does not necessarily mean a decrease in the number of households, and this does not lead to the occurrence of vacant houses. From these findings, it can be said that the trend of moving within the city should be taken into account when considering the future image of the community. We think that it is necessary to understand the events occurring in the region in more detail and reflect them in future land use and housing policy considerations in the planning process.
Silver Ions Assisted Inversion Temperature Crystallization of 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 Nanoflakes for Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Li Haiyang , Hai Liang , Ma Ruiqi , Liu Rui , Zhai Chunpeng , Sun Zongdong , Wang Fei , Ma Ying , Xie Qingguo , Lou Xiaoding , Zhai Tianyou , Xia Fan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract2D perovskites have attracted wide attention for optoelectronic applications because of their unique layer structure and tunable outstanding optical/electrical properties. In addition, 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes possess large effective atomic number, high resistivity, high density as well as excellent stability, rendering it a promising material for X‐ray detection. Nevertheless, it is full of challenges to synthesize 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes by conventional inversion temperature crystallization (ITC) strategy due to the existence of Br‐ vacancies in the Cs3Bi2Br9 crystal nucleus. Herein, an Ag+ assisted ITC (SAITC) strategy to grow 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes is proposed. The synthesis mechanism revealed by both experiments and theoretical calculations can be mainly ascribed to the passivated Br− vacancies and enhanced structure stability by adding Ag+ which can effectively prevent the oxidation of 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes from growth of hybrid crystals. The synthesized high‐crystallinity 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes possess direct bandgap characteristic, and the mobility lifetime can reach 9.8 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. Excitingly, the fabricated device based on 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivity of detecting X‐ray (1.9 CGyair−1cm−2) at very low driven voltage (0.5 V) due to the photoconductive gain mechanism. The 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes synthesized by SAITC method have great potential for developing highly sensitive optoelectronic devices.
Biosourced Antioxidants for Chemical Durability Enhancement of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane
Authors: Agarwal Tanya , Adhikari Santosh , Babu Siddharth Komini , Prasad Ajay K. , Advani Suresh G. , Borup Rodney L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe chemical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes is a topic of growing interest to meet Department of Energy (DOE) durability targets for heavy‐duty vehicle (HDV) applications. State‐of‐the‐art membranes like Nafion, rely on the use of cerium, heteropolyacids, and other inorganic additives to increase PFSA chemical durability. A less explored avenue for the oxidative stabilization of PFSA and hydrocarbon membranes is the use of organic antioxidants. No reversible organic antioxidant has been demonstrated to date which can enhance membrane lifetime by factors comparable to cerium. Here, ellagic acid (EA) is demonstrated as a promising radical scavenger for PFSA's. It is found that the incorporation of EA enhances the chemical durability of Nafion by 160%. EA, when incorporated with cerium as an electron donorenhances Nafion durability by at least 80% compared to a membrane incorporated with just cerium in DOE‐defined durability tests. EA is found to be reversible in acidic conditions like those of fuel cells and its reversibility could be further enhanced by the use of suitable co‐antioxidants.
Simple and Low‐Cost Vanadyl Oxalate as Hole Transporting Layer Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Mengdi , Zhang Yuefeng , Xia Dongdong , Fang Jie , Xie Qian , Li Yanxun , Zhao Chaowei , Xiao Chengyi , You Shengyong , Zhang Jicai , Jiang Lang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Li Weiwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) with the conventional configuration usually use polyethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole‐transporting layer (HTL); however, its acidity tends to affect the performance and long‐term stability of the devices. Therefore, replacing PEDOT:PSS with other more stable HTLs is essential for realizing the practical applications of OSCs. To achieve this goal, a simple and low‐cost vanadyl oxalate (VOC2O4) is identified as a HTL to facilitate high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), good stability, and high thickness tolerance to be achieved in OSCs. The VOC2O4 thin film can be easily prepared by spin‐coating from its aqueous solution onto ITO/glass substrate and thermally annealed at 100 °C to exhibit high transmittance, conductivity, and work function. It can be applied as a robust HTL with wide processing conditions, especially after being heated at 200 °C and treated with UV‐ozone (UVO) to afford a very high PCE of 18.94% in OSCs. This value is among the highest PCEs obtained for binary OSCs. In addition, the derived OSCs exhibit high thickness tolerance and better stability than those based on PEDOT:PSS as HTL. These results reveal that VOC2O4 is an excellent HTL for OSCs, having great potential for large‐area device applications.
Delayed Crystallization Kinetics Allowing High‐Efficiency All‐Polymer Photovoltaics with Superior Upscaled Manufacturing
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Zheng Xiangjun , Wang Di , Zhu Yuxuan , Ouyang Yanni , Xue Jingwei , Wang Mengting , Wang Shanlu , Ma Wei , Zhang Chunfeng , Ma Zaifei , Li Shuixing , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThough encouraging performance is achieved in small‐area organic photovoltaics (OPVs), reducing efficiency loss when evoluted to large‐area modules is an important but unsolved issue. Considering that polymer materials show benefits in film‐forming processability and mechanical robustness, a high‐efficiency all‐polymer OPV module is demonstrated in this work. First, a ternary blend consisting of two polymer donors, PM6 and PBQx‐TCl, and one polymer acceptor, PY‐IT, is developed, with which triplet state recombination is suppressed for a reduced energy loss, thus allowing a higher voltage; and donor–acceptor miscibility is compromised for enhanced charge transport, thus resulting in improved photocurrent and fill factor; all these contribute to a champion efficiency of 19% for all‐polymer OPVs. Second, the delayed crystallization kinetics from solution to film solidification is achieved that gives a longer operation time window for optimized blend morphology in large‐area module, thus relieving the loss of fill factor and allowing a record efficiency of 16.26% on an upscaled module with an area of 19.3 cm2. Besides, this all‐polymer system also shows excellent mechanical stability. This work demonstrates that all‐polymer ternary systems are capable of solving the upscaled manufacturing issue, thereby enabling high‐efficiency OPV modules.
Semi‐Transparent, Pixel‐Free Upconversion Goggles with Dual Audio‐Visual Communication
Authors: Shih Chun‐Jen , Lin Chao‐Yang , Chen Kai , Amin Nurul Ridho Al , Luo Dian , Hsu I‐Sheng , Akbar Abdul Khalik , Biring Sajal , Lu Chih‐Hsuan , Chen Bo‐Han , Yang Shang‐Da , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Liu Shun‐Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe intractable brittleness and opacity of the crystalline semiconductor restrict the prospect of developing low‐cost imaging systems. Here, infrared visualization technologies are established with large‐area, semi‐transparent organic upconversion devices that bring high‐resolution invisible images into sight without photolithography. To exploit all photoinduced charge carriers, a monolithic device structure is proposed built on the infrared‐selective, single‐component charge generation layer of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) coupled to two visible light‐emitting layers manipulated with unipolar charges. Transient pump‐probe spectroscopy reveals that the ClAlPc‐based device exhibits an efficient charge dissociation process under forward bias. This process is indicated by the prompt and strong features of electroabsorption screening. Furthermore, by imposing the electric field, the ultrafast excited state dynamic suggests a prolonged charge carrier lifetime from the ClAlPc, which facilitates the charge utilization for upconversion luminance. For the first time, >30% of the infrared photons are utilized without photomultiplication strategies owing to the trivial spectrum overlap between ClAlPc and the emitter. In addition, the device can broadcast the acoustic signal by synchronizing the device frequency with the light source, which enables to operate it in dual audio‐visual mode. The work demonstrates the potential of upconversion devices for affordable infrared imaging in wearable electronics.
Large–Area Graphene Electrode for Ferroelectric Control of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Single Crystal
Authors: Lee Gwanmu , Jung Moonyoung , Yun Yoojoo , Kang Hojin , Park Nahee , Kang Haeyong , Suh Dongseok 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge‐area monolayer graphene is utilized as a metallic electrode for a ferroelectric single‐crystal [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]m–[PbTiO3]n (PMNPT). Unlike conventional metal, whose properties remain unaffected by field‐induced charge carriers, graphene's unique Dirac‐cone band structure causes its carrier density to vary in response to the polarization state of contacting dielectrics. PMNPT capacitors with graphene‐only and graphene/Cr/Au electrodes exhibit similar polarization versus electric‐field curves. However, polarization switching in PMNPT and corresponding charge‐state conversion in the graphene electrode are observed in the device configuration of a graphene‐ferroelectric field‐effect transistor. Systematic analysis of graphene's source‐drain current variation reveals that experimental results align well with a theoretical model considering the intrinsically doped state in graphene and ferroelectric surface charge state in PMNPT. Furthermore, interfacial charge trapping discussed in many previous reports is not observed. These findings suggest that large‐area monolayer graphene effectively serves as an electrode for ferroelectric single‐crystal materials, irrespective of its atomically thin structure and ambipolar metallic nature.
Reversible Boron‐Insertion into Aromatic C−C Bonds
Authors: Kuroki Kaito , Ito Tatsuyoshi , Takaya Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFormation of borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives was achieved via boron‐insertion into aromatic C−C bonds in the photo‐promoted skeletal rearrangement reaction of triarylboranes bearing an ortho‐phosphino substituent (ambiphilic phosphine‐boranes). The borabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene derivatives were fully characterized by NMR and X‐ray analyses. The dearomatized products were demonstrated to undergo the reverse reaction in the dark at room temperature, realizing photochemical and thermal interconversion between triarylboranes and boron‐doped bicyclic systems. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that sequential two electrocyclic reactions involving E/Z‐isomerization of an alkene moiety proceed via a highly strained trans‐borepin intermediate.
Canola meal valorization via acid hydrolysis to generate free amino acids
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Sumudu N. , Tanaka Takuji , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated an alternative approach to valorizing canola proteins by hydrolyzing them to generate amino acids (AAs). Pre‐treatment of cold‐pressed (CP) cake and desolventized‐toasted (DT) meal with ethanol (99%, vol/vol) followed by protein separation was studied as process optimizations to maximize protein recovery with higher purity. The optimum ethanol pre‐treatment conditions to achieve a meal containing less than 1% oil was reached at a meal‐to‐ethanol ratio of 1:4 (wt:wt) and 50°C for 30 min extraction. The protein recovery reached the maximum at pH 12 and a meal‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:10 (wt:vol), yielding 73% and 33% recovery from ethanol pre‐treated CP and DT meals, respectively, in a single extraction. Untreated and ethanol pre‐treated meals were hydrolyzed with 6 N HCl (protein‐to‐acid ratio of 5 mg:2 mL) for 24 h at 110°C. The ethanol pre‐treatment improved AA recovery and released 373 mg AA/g dry CP meal biomass (dbm) compared to 279 mg AA/g untreated CP cake dbm. However, no improvement in AA recovery upon ethanol pre‐treatment of DT meal. Sulfuric acid was examined as an alternative acid. More than 700 mg AA/g CP protein were released with 6 N H2SO4, while for DT meal proteins, a 10 N concentration was needed to achieve a closer value. Commercial canola meals can be utilized for generating free AAs; however, the meal processing history may affect the yield.
Simulation study on mass transfer characteristics and disk structure optimization of a rotating disk reactor with high viscosity region
Authors: Chen Xupeng , Sun Jianfei , Wu Jintao , Zhang Yaxin , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the excellent film‐forming specific surface area of the disk reactor, its application in the polymer devolatilization process can greatly improve the devolatilization performance of the equipment. In view of this, the fluid volume function method in computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the film forming performance and surface renewal performance in high viscosity zone of disk reactor. In the disk window area, the liquid film thickness becomes thinner and the surface update frequency becomes faster, indicating that the disk window has a positive effect. The devolatilization performance of five new disk structures under different operating conditions is compared and analyzed. It was found that the influence of liquid level height on film area was greater than that of viscosity and rotation speed, the porous sector disk has excellent surface renewal performance and the baffle can achieve better mass transfer efficiency at a distance of 45–60 mm from the disk.
A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy
Authors: Claiborne Alex , Jevtovic Filip , May Linda E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose‐dependent beneficial effect for mother and offspring; maternal and offspring health outcomes respond differently to low, medium, and high doses of prenatal exercise. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize the published evidence (years 1950–2023) for five metrics of prenatal exercise training commonly reported, that is, “FITT‐V”: Frequency (number of sessions), Intensity (metabolic equivalents “METs”), Time (duration of sessions), Type (exercise mode), Volume (exercise MET*mins). The target audience includes clinicians and health care professionals, as well as exercise professionals and physiologists. Data suggest that moderate exercise frequency (3–4 times weekly) appears safe and efficacious for mother and offspring, while there is contradictory evidence for the safety and further benefit of increased frequency beyond 5 sessions per week. Moderate (3–6 METs) and vigorous (>6 METs) intensity prenatal exercise have been shown to promote maternal and offspring health, while little research has been performed on low‐intensity (<3 METs) exercise. Exercise sessions lasting less than 1 hr are safe for mother and fetus, while longer‐duration exercise should be carefully considered and monitored. Taken together, aerobic, resistance, or a combination of exercise types is well tolerated at medium‐to‐high volumes and offers a variety of type‐specific benefits. Still, research is needed to define (1) the “minimum” effective dose of exercise for mother and offspring health, as well as (2) the maximum tolerable dose from which more benefits may be seen. Additionally, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials addressing exercise doses during the three trimesters of pregnancy. Further, the protocols adopted in research studies should be more standardized and tested for efficacy in different populations of gravid women.