bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the paradox of excellence and equity in school leadership
Authors: Dadvand Babak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the tensions that a school principal experienced in reconciling performative priorities with equitable practices in a government secondary school in a low Socio-Economic Status suburb in Victoria, Australia. I use the notion of paradox to explore how the principal navigated contradictions and tensions. I aim to provide a more nuanced understanding of sense-making processes, agency, and capacity for action in the face of resource constraints, competing priorities and conflicting options in educational spaces. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s notions of ‘striated spaces’ and ‘lines of flight’, I discuss how the principal worked simultaneously within and against inadequate resourcing and performativity pressures to cater for the more complex needs of a group of marginalised students in his school. I highlight the tensions that arose from this work. These tensions remained mostly unresolved, setting in motion an ongoing cycle of compliance, compromise, contradictions, and contestation. The findings show the complex interactions between material realities, punitive modes of accountability, self-discipline, and subjectivity. I conclude by discussing the need for an equity-informed policy agenda driven by a positive mode of accountability to enable equitable practices in school leadership and management.
Advances in KRAS mutation inhibition in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Chunhua , Li Wenfei , Chen Mifen , Zhang Qi , Xu Ting , Ma Yao , Liu Wanyi , Wang Zhenghang , Wang Xicheng , Li Jian , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Shen Lin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human malignancies, observed in approximately two in five colorectal cancers (CRC). KRAS mutations were historically considered “undruggable” ten years ago and associated with resistance to EGFR targeted therapy. The success of finding allele-specific covalent KRASG12C inhibitors recently has made markedly breakthrough in KRAS targeted therapy, and has accelerated the discovery of agents targeting other KRAS mutants, such as G12D and G12V. Evidence in preclinical and clinical settings has proved excellent efficacy of several inhibitors in KRAS mutant CRC. Sotorasib and Adagrasib are currently changing the treatment paradigm for patients with metastatic CRC harboring KRASG12C mutation. The phenomenon that KRASG12C inhibition shows inferior efficacy in patients with CRC compared with non-small cell lung cancer has been observed in clinic due to drug resistance, and combination strategies to overcome the resistance are now being investigated in clinical trials. Here, we review the development of KRAS targeted treatment in CRC, mechanisms of resistance and potential combination strategies to improve efficacy.
A data-driven method for automated data superposition with applications in soft matter science
Authors: Lennon Kyle R. , McKinley Gareth H. , Swan James W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The superposition of data sets with internal parametric self-similarity is a longstanding and widespread technique for the analysis of many types of experimental data across the physical sciences. Typically, this superposition is performed manually, or recently through the application of one of a few automated algorithms. However, these methods are often heuristic in nature, are prone to user bias via manual data shifting or parameterization, and lack a native framework for handling uncertainty in both the data and the resulting model of the superposed data. In this work, we develop a data-driven, nonparametric method for superposing experimental data with arbitrary coordinate transformations, which employs Gaussian process regression to learn statistical models that describe the data, and then uses maximum a posteriori estimation to optimally superpose the data sets. This statistical framework is robust to experimental noise and automatically produces uncertainty estimates for the learned coordinate transformations. Moreover, it is distinguished from black-box machine learning in its interpretability—specifically, it produces a model that may itself be interrogated to gain insight into the system under study. We demonstrate these salient features of our method through its application to four representative data sets characterizing the mechanics of soft materials. In every case, our method replicates results obtained using other approaches, but with reduced bias and the addition of uncertainty estimates. This method enables a standardized, statistical treatment of self-similar data across many fields, producing interpretable data-driven models that may inform applications such as materials classification, design, and discovery.
Ministries matter: technocrats and regime loyalty under autocracy
Authors: York Erin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHow do technocrat ministers affect governance under autocracy? Autocrats frequently appoint non-partisan actors with technical competencies to bureaucratic leadership roles. Though their competencies might predict positive performance in office, these ministers are also dependent on the regime for their position and should thus demonstrate loyalty to its interests. I test this in the context of horizontal accountability to the legislature, using data on more than 27,000 legislative requests submitted to ministries in Morocco. I use both exact matching and difference-in-differences analyses to show that technocrat ministers are more than 25 percentage points less likely to respond to legislative queries than partisan cabinet members. The results imply that outside (partisan) participation in government strengthens weak institutions of executive oversight. They also cast doubt on the presumption that technocrat participation in government is universally beneficial to governance.
Are Hobbesian States as Passionate as Hobbesian Individuals?
Authors: Rilla Jerónimo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article deals with the possibility of ascribing passions to states in Thomas Hobbes's political theory. According to Hobbes, the condition of sovereign states vis-à-vis one another is comparable to that of individuals in the state of nature, namely, a state of war. Consequently, the three causes of war (competition, diffidence, and glory) identified in chapter 13 of Leviathan could also be relevant to interstate relations. Since these war triggers are mainly passions, one could presume that state action is motivated by passions as well. Some argue that it is just a figurative way of speaking. Others claim that the passions of war affect only sovereign rulers. I explore an alternative answer based on the ability of sovereigns to direct the preexisting passions of their people.
Truths from Morocco: Knowledge Production and Danish-Moroccan Encounters in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Skålevåg Svein Atle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the 1750s the Danish kingdom and the Moroccan Empire came into contact, and concluded a bilateral treaty. As part of the accord, a Danish chartered company was established. The company was short-lived and the “special relationship” between the two powers soon withered. A result of this episode was a handful of texts that sought to describe Morocco to a Danish audience—an adventure tale, a captive narrative, an orientalist chorography, and a biography of the emperor—which sought to produce truths about the Danish encounters with Morocco, but also truths about the place and the peoples of Morocco. The article discusses these texts, where they originated, to whom they circulated, and what they had to tell about Morocco.
Mapping interpretation by the International Criminal Court
Authors: Manley Stewart , Tehrani Pardis Moslemzadeh , Rasiah Rajah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article is one of very few attempts to empirically measure legal interpretation. It maps the application of eleven interpretation elements (good faith, ordinary meaning, object and purpose, etc.) in Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) across ten International Criminal Court case studies. The elements were coded for identity and sequence of element, and amount of text used in applying each element. The mapping and analysis reveal, among other things, that the application of the VCLT across cases is markedly inconsistent and, in some instances, opaque and arguably unjustifiable. The results suggest, at least based on this small sample, that the ICC’s current practice of applying the accommodating, flexible methodology of the VCLT may be inconsistent with the requirement of strict construction in Article 22 of the Rome Statute, and that even when strict construction does not technically apply, a more systematic, transparent, and robust approach should nevertheless still be followed.
Parent communication with care teams and preparation for family meetings in the paediatric cardiac ICU: a qualitative study
Authors: Gramszlo Colette , Girgis Hannah , Hill Douglas , Walter Jennifer K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:The paediatric cardiac ICU presents unique challenges to optimal communication practices, which may impact participation in medical decision-making and long-term psychosocial outcomes for families. This study characterised parent perceptions of (1) team practices that impeded or facilitated communication and (2) preparation for family meetings with interprofessional care teams during extended cardiac ICU admissions.Methods:A purposive sample of parents of children admitted to the cardiac ICU was selected to participate in interviews about their communication experiences. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach.Results:Twenty-three parents of 18 patients participated with an average length of stay of 55 days at the time of interview. Team practices that impeded communication included inaccurate/incomplete communication, inconsistent within team communication/coordination, and feeling overwhelmed by too many team members/questions. Team practices that facilitated communication included valuing parent preferences, provider continuity, explaining jargon, and eliciting questions. Preparation for family meetings included team practices, parental preferences, and experiences when learning about family meetings (including apprehension about meetings). Family meetings were described as valued opportunities to improve communication.Conclusion:Communication with medical teams represents a modifiable determinant of long-term outcomes for families of children in the cardiac ICU. When parents are included as valued members of their child’s care team, they are more likely to feel a sense of control over their child’s outcomes, even in the face of prognostic uncertainty. Family meetings represent an important opportunity to repair fractures in trust between families and care teams and overcome barriers to communication between parties.
Iannis Xenakis in Argentina: Reception, Dialogues, and Exchanges
Authors: HERRERA EDUARDO 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIannis Xenakis visited Argentina as a professor of the Centro Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios Musicales (CLAEM) of the Torcuato Di Tella Institute in 1966 where he discussed his interdisciplinary interests – mathematics, architecture, and computer-aided composition. Using archival resources and oral history, this article explores three aspects of Xenakis's trip to Argentina. First, the way the media framed the visit of the European composer and the reception of the events organized around it under a modernist discourse. Second, the direct impact that this visit had on some of the composers at CLAEM, particularly Graciela Paraskevaídis. Finally, the exchanges that Xenakis had with engineer Fernando von Reichenbach, who had been working on transforming graphic material into sound, something that crystallized with the development of Reichenbach's Convertidor Gráfico Analógico (1969), and Xenakis's Unité Polyagogique Informatique CEMAMu (UPIC 1977).
The Future of Soils in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Kwang J. S. , Thaler E. A. , Larsen I. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil is the source of the vast majority of food consumed on Earth, and soils constitute the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Soil erosion associated with agriculture reduces crop productivity, and the redistribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) by erosion has potential to influence the global carbon cycle. Tillage strongly influences the erosion and redistribution of soil and SOC. However, tillage is rarely considered in predictions of soil erosion in the U.S.; hence regionwide estimates of both the current magnitude and future trends of soil redistribution by tillage are unknown. Here we use a landscape evolution model to forecast soil and SOC redistribution in the Midwestern United States over centennial timescales. We predict that present‐day rates of soil and SOC erosion are 1.1 ± 0.4 kg ⋅ m−‐2 ⋅ yr−‐1 and 12 ± 4 g ⋅ m−2 ⋅ yr−1, respectively, but these rates will rapidly decelerate due to diffusive evolution of topography and the progressive depletion of SOC in eroding soil profiles. After 100 years, we forecast that 8.8 (+1.9/−2.1) Pg of soil and 0.17 (+0.03/−0.04) Pg of SOC will have eroded, causing the surface concentration of SOC to decrease by 4.4% (+0.9/−1.1%). Model simulations that include more widespread adoption of low‐intensity tillage (i.e., no‐till farming) determine that soil redistribution, SOC redistribution, and surficial SOC loss after 100 years would decrease by ∼95% if low‐intensity tillage is fully adopted. Our findings indicate that low‐intensity tillage could greatly decrease soil degradation and that the potential for agricultural soil erosion to influence the global carbon cycle will diminish with time due to a reduction in SOC burial.
Recent Convection Decline in the Greenland Sea: Insights From the Mercator Ocean System Over 2008–2020
Authors: Abot Louise , Provost Christine , Poli Léa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigated wintertime convection evolution in recent years over the Greenland Sea. This area is a major location regarding dense water production and supply of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a key component of the global climate. Previous studies mentioned an increase in Greenland Sea wintertime convection intensity during the 2000s in comparison with the previous decade till 2015/2016. Here, we further document the ongoing oceanic changes within the Greenland Sea through the Mercator Ocean Physical System, an operational ocean model with data‐assimilation. The model has shown a large variability, a later start and a decline of convection in the Greenland Sea in recent years. In particular, the depth of the annual maximum mixed layer diminished by 52% between 2008–2014 and 2015–2020, from 1,168 to 559 m, over the convective area. This decline of the convection depth is corroborated with Argo float observations. Within the Greenland Sea, hydrographic changes especially the increasing temperature are associated with isopycnal deepening and stratification strengthening. The stratification is building up at a larger rate in the Boreas Basin compared to the Greenland Basin. The changes of the Greenland Sea hydrography in the model are in part related to Atlantic Water spreading over the Boreas Basin and the eastern part of the Greenland Basin. The model also indicates a decrease in the intensity of the gyre in accordance with the isopycnal deepening while local surface winds and fluxes do not exhibit significant trends nor significant interannual variations.
Microwave Observations of Ganymede's Sub‐Surface Ice: I. Ice Temperature and Structure
Authors: Brown Shannon , Zhang Zhimeng , Bolton Scott , Bonnefoy Lea E. , Ermakov Anton , Feng Jianqing , Hartogh Paul , Levin Steven , Misra Sidharth , Siegler Matthew , Stevenson David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn 7 June 2021, Juno flew within 1,000 km of Ganymede's surface, partially mapping its ice shell at six frequencies ranging from 0.6 to 22 GHz. The radiance at these frequencies originates from successively deeper layers of the sub‐surface and may reach depths of 24 km at 0.6 GHz. The MWR observations cover a latitude range from 20°S to 60°N and a longitude range from 120°W to 60°E. We present brightness temperature and derived reflectivity maps of Ganymede with a spatial resolution of up to ∼140 km. The microwave brightness temperature at all MWR wavelengths is anti‐correlated with the visible brightness of the terrain. Normalizing the MWR brightness temperatures using a thermal model for the ice shell reveals that the brightest regions are significantly more reflective in the microwave than the dark regions and that all terrain types are more reflective than is expected from a solid ice surface. We suggest that multiple reflections of the colder sky background at sub‐surface interfaces (e.g., fractures) explain the depressed brightness temperatures observed in brighter terrain types. A thin silicate or salt contaminant surface layer, which is significantly more reflective than ice in the microwave, could explain the microwave reflectivity in the dark regions with little to no contribution from sub‐surface fractures. The observed 0.6–1.2 GHz brightness temperature difference suggests an upper bound on the ice shell conducting layer depth of 150 km in the observation area.
Exploring Signature‐Based Model Calibration for Streamflow Prediction in Ungauged Basins
Authors: Dal Molin Marco , Kavetski Dmitri , Albert Carlo , Fenicia Fabrizio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCalibration of precipitation‐streamflow models to streamflow signatures is a promising approach for streamflow prediction in ungauged basins (PUB). The estimation of parameter and prediction uncertainty in this case is not trivial because: (a) calibration takes place in the signature domain, while predictions are required in the time domain, and (b) streamflow signatures are estimated (e.g., from donor catchments) rather than “observed” (computed from observed streamflow in the target catchment), and therefore particularly uncertain. This study investigates model calibration using estimated signatures in an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. First, we construct a stochastic signature transfer model, based on seasonal flow duration curves. Second, we calibrate a precipitation‐streamflow model to the estimated signatures, accounting for their uncertainty. The proposed method is tested in six catchments of the Thur basin, Switzerland. Three data availability scenarios are considered: (a) concomitant scenario, where signatures are “observed,” (b) non‐concomitant scenario, where signatures are transferred from a different time period, and (c) regionalization scenario, where signatures are transferred from (neighboring) donor catchments. In this study, the switch from observed to regionalized signatures increases predictive streamflow uncertainty by 38% and worsens the (deterministic) fit to observations by 17% (in terms of Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency). Despite this deterioration, posterior predictive uncertainty remains lower than prior predictive uncertainty generated using uniform priors over representative parameter ranges (“uncalibrated” model), which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed signature‐based calibration. More importantly, uncertainty is reliably estimated at the ungauged catchments, which represents a key advance in stochastic streamflow PUB.
Region- and time- specific effects of ketamine on cerebral blood flow: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gärtner Matti , Weigand Anne , Meiering Marvin Sören , Weigner David , Carstens Luisa , Keicher Christian , Hertrampf Rita , Beckmann Christian , Mennes Maarten , Wunder Andreas , Grimm Simone 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is intriguing evidence suggesting that ketamine might have distinct acute and delayed neurofunctional effects, as its acute administration transiently induces schizophrenia-like symptoms, while antidepressant effects slowly emerge and are most pronounced 24 h after administration. Studies attempting to characterize ketamine’s mechanism of action by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging have yielded inconsistent results regarding implicated brain regions and direction of effects. This may be due to intrinsic properties of the BOLD contrast, while cerebral blood flow (CBF), as measured with arterial spin labeling, is a single physiological marker more directly related to neural activity. As effects of acute ketamine challenge are sensitive to modulation by pretreatment with lamotrigine, which inhibits glutamate release, a combination of these approaches should be particularly suited to offer novel insights. In total, 75 healthy participants were investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study and underwent two scanning sessions (acute/post 24 h.). Acute ketamine administration was associated with higher perfusion in interior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but no other investigated brain region. Inhibition of glutamate release by pretreatment with lamotrigine abolished ketamine’s effect on perfusion. At the delayed time point, pretreatment with lamotrigine was associated with lower perfusion in IFG. These findings underscore the idea that regionally selective patterns of CBF changes reflect proximate effects of modulated glutamate release on neuronal activity. Furthermore, region- specific sustained effects indicate both a swift restoration of disturbed homeostasis in DLPFC as well changes occurring beyond the immediate effects on glutamate signaling in IFG.
Amygdala downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind trial
Authors: Zhao Zhiying , Duek Or , Seidemann Rebecca , Gordon Charles , Walsh Christopher , Romaker Emma , Koller William N. , Horvath Mark , Awasthi Jitendra , Wang Yao , O’Brien Erin , Fichtenholtz Harlan , Hampson Michelle , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHyperactivation of amygdala is a neural marker for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and improvement in control over amygdala activity has been associated with treatment success in PTSD. In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy of a real-time fMRI neurofeedback intervention designed to train control over amygdala activity following trauma recall. Twenty-five patients with PTSD completed three sessions of neurofeedback training in which they attempted to downregulate the feedback signal after exposure to personalized trauma scripts. For subjects in the active experimental group (N = 14), the feedback signal was from a functionally localized region of their amygdala associated with trauma recall. For subjects in the control group (N = 11), yoked-sham feedback was provided. Changes in control over the amygdala and PTSD symptoms served as the primary and secondary outcome measurements, respectively. We found significantly greater improvements in control over amygdala activity in the active group than in the control group 30-days following the intervention. Both groups showed improvements in symptom scores, however the symptom reduction in the active group was not significantly greater than in the control group. Our finding of greater improvement in amygdala control suggests potential clinical application of neurofeedback in PTSD treatment. Thus, further development of amygdala neurofeedback training in PTSD treatment, including evaluation in larger samples, is warranted.