bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESFCU‐Net: A Lightweight Hybrid Architecture Incorporating Self‐Attention and Edge Enhancement Mechanisms for Enhanced Polyp Image Segmentation
Authors: Yang Wenbin , Chang Xin , Guo Xinyue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEarly detection of polyps during endoscopy reduces the risk of malignancy and facilitates timely intervention. Precise polyp segmentation during endoscopy aids clinicians in identifying polyps, playing a vital role in the clinical prevention of malignancy. However, due to considerable differences in the size, color, and morphology of polyps, the resemblance between polyp lesions and their background, and the impact of factors like lighting changes, low‐contrast areas, and gastrointestinal contents during image acquisition, accurate polyp segmentation remains a challenging issue. Additionally, most existing methods require high computational power, which restricts their practical application. Our objective is to develop and test a new lightweight polyp segmentation architecture. This paper presents a hybrid lightweight architecture called ESFCU‐Net that combines self‐attention and edge enhancement to address these challenges. The model comprises an encoder‐decoder and an improved fire module (ESF module), which can learn both local and global information, reduce information loss, maintain computational efficiency, enhance the extraction of critical features in images, and includes a coordinate attention mechanism in each skip connection to suppress background interference and minimize spatial information loss. Extensive validation on two public datasets (Kvasir‐SEG and CVC‐ClinicDB) and one internal dataset reveals that this network exhibits strong learning performance and generalization capabilities, significantly enhances segmentation accuracy, surpasses existing segmentation methods, and shows potential for clinical application. The code for our work and more technical details can be found at https://github.com/aaafoxy/ESFCU‐Net.git.
Neuronal Imaging at 8‐Bit Depth to Combine High Spatial and High Temporal Resolution With Acquisition Rates Up To 40 kHz
Authors: Abbas Fatima , İpek Ömer Yusuf , Moreau Philippe , Canepari Marco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA challenge in neuroimaging is acquiring frame sequences at high temporal resolution from the largest possible number of pixels. Measuring 1%–10% fluorescence changes normally requires 12‐bit or higher bit depth, constraining the frame size allowing imaging in the kHz range. We resolved Ca2+ or membrane potential signals from cell populations or single neurons in brain slices by acquiring fluorescence at 8‐bit depth and by binning pixels offline, achieving unprecedented frame sizes at kHz rates. In hippocampal slices stained with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo‐4 AM, we resolved transients at 2 kHz from large frames. Along the apical dendrite of a layer‐5 pyramidal neuron, we measured Ca2+ signals associated with a back‐propagating action potential at 10 kHz. Finally, in the axon initial segment of the same cell type, we recorded an action potential at 40 kHz by voltage‐sensitive dye imaging. This approach unlocks the potential for a range of imaging measurements.
The Reliability and Construct Validity of a Single‐Item Assessment of Suicidal Ideation Among Patients With Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Joiner Thomas E. , Robison Morgan , Manwaring Jamie , Rienecke Renee D. , Le Grange Daniel , Duffy Alan , Mehler Philip S. , Blalock Dan V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveSingle‐item questionnaire assessments may be summarily dismissed by some, but it is unclear if this is warranted. We suggest here that the answer to that question depends on their reliability and construct validity. Reliability of a single‐item index cannot be assessed via indices like coefficient alpha, but it can be addressed otherwise; construct validity can be assessed as it would be with any other quantitative index.MethodsIn 489 patients with mood and anxiety disorders, we examined the Beck Depression Inventory Item 9's (BDI‐Item 9) test‐retest coefficient, and its validity, in part via invariance analyses. More specifically regarding invariance analyses, we determined whether a covariance structure including a multi‐item assessment of suicidal ideation was invariant with a similar structure using a single‐item assessment of suicidal ideation instead.ResultsReasonably supportive evidence emerged for the reliability and construct validity of this specific one‐item index.ConclusionsThe BDI‐Item 9 can reliably assess suicidal ideation when data lack multi‐item assessments.
Pollen Diversity in the Tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) and Its Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Atazadeh Neda , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Cardueae with about 74 genera and 2500 species is one of the largest tribes of the family Asteraceae. The taxonomy of the Cardueae is complicated and unresolved, as it contains the largest and most diverse genera. The main distribution centers of the Cardueae are in the eastern and western Mediterranean, the western Irano‐Turanian region, central Asia, and North Africa. Using pollen morphology can be a useful tool for the identification and delimitation of Cardueae taxa. Therefore, the current study aims to describe the pollen types of tribe Cardueae based on pollen features. Furthermore, the study addresses the relationships among the genera and species based on palynological features as well as species delimitation based on pollen morphology. Pollen morphology of 39 species of Cardueae distributed in 28 genera was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, statistical analyses and various clustering and ordination methods were provided for palynological data. Based on these results, the members of nine subtribes of Cardueae showed overlap in palynological data. This extreme heterogeneity of relationships among the taxa of tribe Cardueae could be attributed to the large number of taxa and their high morphological diversity. However, suitable palynological features were distinguished for taxonomic differentiation among the species of Cardueae, including pollen shape, size, polar axis to equatorial diameter ratio [P/E], exine sculpture, and spine size. Consequently, six pollen types were identified in the studied taxa of Cardueae.
On the Multigraph Overfull Conjecture
Authors: Plantholt Michael J. , Shan Songling 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA subgraph of a multigraph is overfull if Analogous to the Overfull Conjecture proposed by Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986, Stiebitz et al. formed the multigraph version of the conjecture as follows: Let be a multigraph with maximum multiplicity and maximum degree . Then has chromatic index if and only if contains no overfull subgraph. In this paper, we prove the following three results toward the Multigraph Overfull Conjecture for sufficiently large and even , where . (1) If is ‐regular with , then has a 1‐factorization. This result also settles a conjecture of the first author and Tipnis from 2001 up to a constant error in the lower bound of . (2) If contains an overfull subgraph and , then , where is the fractional chromatic index of . (3) If the minimum degree of is at least for any and contains no overfull subgraph, then . The proof is based on the decomposition of multigraphs into simple graphs and we prove a slightly weaker version of a conjecture due to the first author and Tipnis from 1991 on decomposing a multigraph into constrained simple graphs. The result is also of independent interest.
Development of a Mouse Model of Enthesis‐Specific NF‐κB Activation
Authors: Sup McKenzie E. , Abraham Adam C. , Kim Min Kyu M. , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnthesitis, or inflammation specific to sites in the body where tendon inserts into bone, can arise in isolated joints from overuse or in multiple joints as a complication of an autoimmune condition such as psoriatic arthritis or spondyloarthritis. However, the pathogenesis of enthesitis is not well understood, so treatment strategies are limited. A clinically relevant animal model of enthesitis would allow investigators to determine mechanisms driving the disease and evaluate novel therapies. Therefore, we developed a murine model of inducible enthesis‐specific inflammation by constitutively activating the NF‐κB pathway in Gli1+ cells. Gli1CreERT mice were crossed with IKKβ‐overexpression mice and given tamoxifen injections 5 days postnatally to induce enthesitis. Sixteen weeks of IKKβ overexpression in enthesis cells led to impaired mechanical properties, subtle histologic changes, and changes to expression of extracellular matrix‐ and inflammation‐related genes. Increased loading from treadmill overuse activity did not exacerbate this phenotype. Clinical significance: The new murine model may have utility for studying the pathogenesis of enthesitis and approaches to treat the condition.
Non‐Invasive Anatomical Level Cerebrovascular Imaging of Mice Using Diffusion Model‐Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Wu Huijie , He Yufang , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Peng , Song Fan , Ma Chenbin , Cai Ruxin , Zhang Guanglei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn vivo fluorescence imaging, particularly indocyanine green (ICG)‐based imaging, has gained traction for cerebrovascular imaging due to its real‐time dynamics, free radiation, and accessibility. However, the presence of the scalp and skull significantly hampers imaging quality, often necessitating invasive procedures or biotoxic probes to achieve adequate depth and resolution. This limitation restricts the broader clinical/preclinical application of fluorescence imaging techniques. To address this, a novel approach is introduced that utilizes deep learning techniques to enhance ICG‐based imaging, achieving high‐resolution cerebrovascular imaging without invasive methods or biotoxic probes. By leveraging diffusion models, a connection between trans‐scalp (TS) and trans‐cranial (TC) ICG fluorescence images are establish in the latent space. This allows the transformation of blurred TS images into high‐resolution images resembling TC images. Notably, intracerebral vascular structures and microvascular branches are unambiguously observed, achieving an anatomical resolution of 20.1 µm and a 1.7‐fold improvement in spatial resolution. Validation also in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion demonstrates effective and sensitive identification of ischemic stroke sites. This advancement offers a non‐invasive, cost‐efficient alternative to current expensive imaging methods, paving the way for more advanced fluorescence imaging techniques.
The potency of aloe emodin‐loaded nanoparticles in conjunction with IFN‐γ for the pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells with class II transactivator silence to alleviate severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zou Yu , Qin Qin , Song Xiaoshuang , Deng Yuchuan , Liu Simeng , Liu Huimin , Jiang Ailing , Wang Mao , Song Yiran , Yang Dujiang , Lu Huimin , Jiang Kun , Yao Qian , Zheng Yu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a moderate impact on the therapy of severe acute pancreatitis. This study seeks to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs. By preconditioning them via the upregulation of critical anti‐inflammatory molecules, so diminishing immune rejection, we are creating a path for more effective treatments. Aloe emodin (AE), a natural active monomer with low‐toxicity, in conjunction with interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) (I‐AE), markedly upregulated immunosuppressive molecules indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and programmed cell death‐Ligand 1 in MSCs, thereby pharmacologically modulating the inhibition of CD4 − T cell activation in vitro effectively. Transient transfection of small interfering RNA silenced the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene expression of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) interfering with human leukocyte antigen class II expression to avert immune rejection. AE‐loaded nanoparticles efficiently maintained proliferation inhibition of MSCs within a manageable range by sustained release. UMSCs pretreated by I‐AE with CIITA silencing preserved pancreatic structure as evidenced by diminished acinar cell death, reduced pancreatic edema and inflammation, and significantly lowered serum amylase levels The encouraging potential of UMSCs with CIITA gene silencing combined with AE and IFN‐γ pretreatment offers optimism for clinical application in pancreatitis therapy.
Omnichannel Reconfiguration Capabilities in Franchising: A Meso‐Foundations Analysis
Authors: Ghantous Nabil , Chaney Damien , Chameroy Fabienne , Jeanpert Sophie , Schultz Maryline 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the rise of digitalization, retailing and services organizations are increasingly shifting towards omnichannel strategies, seeking to offer seamless service experiences across multiple channels. While extant research highlights that organizations adopting omnichannel strategies must undergo deep transformation, there is a dearth of research on omnichannel reconfiguration in franchising. However, omnichannel reconfiguration could be more complex in decentralized networks such as franchised ones, marked by franchisee autonomy and a subtle balance that ensures collaborative entrepreneurship while avoiding intra‐brand competition. This research addresses this gap by adopting a dynamic capabilities perspective and investigating the meso‐foundations of omnichannel reconfiguration. Seven case studies with French franchise networks reveal three classes of meso‐level reconfiguration capabilities, related to learning, change management, and governance capabilities. The case studies also uncover how the foundations and role of the three classes of capabilities vary in terms of how franchise networks sense omnichannel opportunities, seize them, and transform to leverage them.
TDP‐43 Cryptic RNAs in Perry Syndrome: Differences across Brain Regions and TDP‐43 Proteinopathies
Authors: Pickles Sarah R. , Gonzalez Bejarano Jesus , Narayan Anand , Daughrity Lillian , Maroto Cidfuentes Candela , Reeves Madison M. , Yue Mei , Castellanos Otero Paula , Estades Ayuso Virginia , Dunmore Judy , Song Yuping , Tong Jimei , DeTure Michael , Rawlinson Bailey , Castanedes‐Casey Monica , Dulski Jaroslaw , Cerquera‐Cleves Catalina , Zhang Yongjie , Josephs Keith A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Petrucelli Leonard , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Prudencio Mercedes 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPerry syndrome (PS) is a rare and fatal hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in dynactin (DCTN1). PS brains accumulate inclusions positive for ubiquitin, transactive‐response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43), and to a lesser extent dynactin.ObjectivesLittle is known regarding the contributions of TDP‐43, an RNA binding protein that represses cryptic exon inclusion, in PS. Therefore, we sought to identify the degree of TDP‐43 dysfunction in two regions of PS brains.MethodsWe evaluated the levels of insoluble pTDP‐43 and TDP‐43‐regulated cryptic RNAs and protein in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra of 7 PS cases, 12 cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP‐43 pathology, and 11 cognitively healthy controls without TDP‐43 pathology.ResultsInsoluble pTDP‐43 protein levels were detected in PS brains to a similar extent in the caudate nucleus and substantia nigra but lower than those in FTLD brains. The caudate nucleus of PS showed accumulation of eight TDP‐43‐regulated cryptic RNAs (ACTL6B, CAMK2B, STMN2, UNC13A, KCNQ2, ATG4B, GPSM2, and HDGFL2) and cryptic protein (HDGFL2) characteristic of FTLD. Conversely, only one cryptic target, UNC13A, reached significance in the substantia nigra despite similar pTDP‐43 levels.ConclusionWe detected TDP‐43 cryptic RNAs and protein in PS caudate nucleus. Given the importance of cryptic exon biology in the development of biomarkers, and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, it is imperative we understand the consequences of TDP‐43 dysfunction across different brain regions and determine the targets that are specific and common to TDP‐43 proteinopathies. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Proteomics: An In‐Depth Review on Recent Technical Advances and Their Applications in Biomedicine
Authors: Liang Jing , Tian Jundan , Zhang Huadong , Li Hua , Chen Lixia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProteins hold pivotal importance since many diseases manifest changes in protein activity. Proteomics techniques provide a comprehensive exploration of protein structure, abundance, and function in biological samples, enabling the holistic characterization of overall changes in organisms. Nowadays, the breadth of emerging methodologies in proteomics is unprecedentedly vast, with constant optimization of technologies in sample processing, data collection, data analysis, and its scope of application is steadily transitioning from the bench to the clinic. Here, we offer an insightful review of the technical developments in proteomics and its applications in biomedicine over the past 5 years. We focus on its profound contributions in profiling disease spectra, discovering new biomarkers, identifying promising drug targets, deciphering alterations in protein conformation, and unearthing protein–protein interactions. Moreover, we summarize the cutting‐edge technologies and potential breakthroughs in the proteomics pipeline and provide the principal challenges in proteomics. Based on these, we aspire to broaden the applicability of proteomics and inspire researchers to enhance our understanding of complex biological systems by utilizing such techniques.
Stabilization of a Semilinear Wave Equation With Time‐Dependent Variable Coefficients and a Time Varying Delay on the Viscoelastic Boundary
Authors: Li Sheng‐Jie , Chai Shugen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the stabilization of a semilinear wave equation with time‐dependent variable coefficients and nonlinear delay on the memory‐type boundary, subject to nonlinear boundary dissipation. The existence of weak solution is obtained by means of Faedo‐Galerkin approximation and denseness argument. We employ the Riemannian geometry method and convex properties to establish the asymptotic decay rates for the energy. This is achieved through an intrinsic algorithm driven by solutions of an ODE. Moreover, we explore two simple models that aim to contribute to the understanding of how the boundary memory works. Additionally, we give an example of the vector field used to construct geometric multipliers under semilinear conditions.
Electrically Tunable Substrate Integrated Waveguide Equalizer With Stable Insertion Loss in High Frequency
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Xing Fei , Peng Hao , Xue Na , Qi Ziyan , Liu Yu , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu , Yang Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel design for an electrically tunable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) equalizer that maintains a stable insertion loss at high frequencies, is proposed. The SIW equalizer is composed of various parallel units consisting of microwave resistor (R) and varactor diode (C). Different resistance and capacitance values, forming a complex impedance, are achieved through PIN and varactor diodes under different DC biases, respectively. It results in greater losses in the low‐frequency range compared to the high‐frequency range, achieving an equalization effect. Moreover, because ideal capacitors do not contribute to signal loss, the loss in the high‐frequency range remains minimal and stable under certain conditions. Experimental results indicate that the equalization range in the Ku‐band is 0.30–9.75 dB with a DC voltage range of 0–4 V, and the insertion loss change in the high‐frequency band is only 0.5 dB. For the equalizer operating in the Ka‐band, within a DC voltage range of 6–14 V, the equalization range is 0.30–16.60 dB, with a change in insertion loss of only 0.12 dB at high frequencies. The return losses of equalizers are all better than −12.4 dB and −11.6 dB, respectively, in Ku‐ and Ka‐band.
Monitoring of the Curing Process for Lining Materials Based on Terahertz Time‐Domain Reflective Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Siyi , Yan Wenhui , Ju Yiran , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yuping , Wei Zhiyong , Xu Jing , Zhao Yuejin , Zhang Cunlin , Zhang Zhenwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs a bonding material for bonding the shell and propellant in the combustion chamber of solid rocket motor, the liner plays a protective role for the engine. Only when the liner is in a “semi‐solidified state” can the charge quality be guaranteed, and it is easy to cause the phenomenon of unstable bonding interface if the charge is loaded too early or too late. Therefore, noncontact monitoring of the gradual solidification process of the material from liquid state can prevent the problems of unstable bonding interface and significantly improve the safety of solid rocket motors. In this paper, the reflective terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy technology is used to monitor the curing process of lining materials, extract the refractive index spectra of samples with different curing degrees, establish the relationship between refractive index and curing reaction time, and compare it with the material loss factor obtained by rheometer to establish the correlation between refractive index and material loss factor. The experimental results show that the refractive index decreases gradually during the curing process, and the correlation coefficient between the refractive index and material loss factor is higher than 0.9. With the curing reaction, the refractive index can accurately reflect the curing process of polyurethane materials. This study provides an effective means for monitoring the curing process of lining materials.
In vivo GABA detection by single‐pulse editing with one shot
Authors: An Li , Hong Sungtak , Turon Tara , Pavletic Adriana , Johnson Christopher S. , Derbyshire John A. , Shen Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTwo‐shot γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) difference editing techniques have been used widely to detect the GABA H4 resonance at 3.01 ppm. Here, we introduce a single‐shot method for detecting the full GABA H2 resonance signal, which avoids contamination from the coedited M3.00 macromolecules.MethodsDensity matrix simulation was conducted to optimize the pulse‐sequence timing, aiming to reduce the interfering glutamate H4 signal and minimize the correlation between glutamate and GABA arising from spectral overlap. The optimized sequence was used to acquire MR spectroscopy data from a 14‐mL voxel in the anterior cingulate cortex of 6 healthy participants. 1H–MRS experiments following the oral administration of [U‐13C]glucose were also conducted.ResultsThe GABA H2 peak was consistently observed in all participants. The GABA/creatine ratios in the participants were determined to be 0.07 ± 0.01 with Cramer‐Rao lower bounds of 8.0% ± 2.2%. Spectra acquired following [U‐13C]glucose intake demonstrated the feasibility of using GABA H2 as a highly sensitive reporter for GABA C2.ConclusionThe proposed single‐shot GABA editing method effectively minimizes interference from the glutamate H4 signal in the detection of the full GABA H2 signal, which resonates at a spectral region with much reduced macromolecule contamination.
Spiro‐Ometad As A Promising Substrate In Biomedical Devices
Authors: Titze Lisa , Cadamuro Francesca , Murenu Nicoletta , Akbari Raziyeh , Pellegrino Luca , Capitani Giancarlo , Acciarri Maurizio , Antonini Carlo , Russo Laura , Manfredi Norberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBioactive films composed of Spiro‐OMeTAD, a conductive molecular material (CMM), in combination with collagen have been manufactured and characterised for the first time. In‐vitro cellular testing demonstrated the non‐cytotoxicity of the doped Spiro‐OMeTAD /Collagen films, opening the way for implantable or wearable medical devices and biosensors based on molecular materials.