bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiclass objects detection algorithm using DarkNet-53 and DenseNet for intelligent vehicles
Authors: Yang Lina , Chen Gang , Ci Wenyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntelligent vehicles should not only be able to detect various obstacles, but also identify their categories so as to take an appropriate protection and intervention. However, the scenarios of object detection are usually complex and changeable, so how to balance the relationship between accuracy and speed is a difficult task of object detection. This paper proposes a multi-object detection algorithm using DarkNet-53 and dense convolution network (DenseNet) to further ensure maximum information flow between layers. Three 8-layer dense blocks are used to replace the last three downsampling layers in DarkNet-53 structure, so that the network can make full use of multi-layer convolution features before prediction. The loss function of coordinate prediction error in YOLOv3 is further improved to improve the detection accuracy. Extensive experiments are conducted on the public KITTI and Pascal VOC datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better robustness, and the network model is more suitable for the traffic scene in the real driving environment and has better adaptability to the objects with long distance, small size and partial occlusion.
Modelling of flow through naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Authors: Kissling Warwick M. , Massiot Cécile 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Numerous fractures are observed in fractured geothermal reservoirs on borehole images in the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), Aotearoa New Zealand. These fractures are necessary to explain the sustained reservoir permeabilities despite the low matrix porosity. However, conventional continuum models do not adequately represent fluid flow through these fractured rocks.

Methods
We present new Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) codes that model fractures and associated fluid flow in 2-D at reservoir scales to represent typical rock types found in TVZ reservoirs. Input parameters are derived from interpretations of borehole images at the Rotokawa and Wairakei geothermal fields where fractures have high dip magnitudes (> 60–70°). This paper focuses on the effect of fracture density along virtual boreholes (P10), that is in average 0.6 m−1 in sheet-like andesites; 0.8 m−1 in ignimbrites and 1.7 m−1 in rhyolite lavas.

Results
The number of fractures in the models scale linearly with the input P10 in virtual boreholes. The percolation threshold, where the backbone of fractures is connected across the entire model domain, is reached for P10 > 0.24 m−1. Above this threshold, mean flow measured along the mean fracture direction scales linearly with P10. For P10 > 0.4 m−1 the permeability anisotropy lies in the interval 13 ± 3, with the scatter decreasing as P10 increases. The pressure distributions in individual DFN realisations are highly variable, but averages of 50 realisations converge towards those given by equivalent continuum models. Probability density functions resulting from DFN realisations can therefore be used to constrain continuum models. Tracing of fluid particles through the DFN shows that particles can take numerous pathways to define a swath of paths. The travel time of particles over 1 km follows a distribution similar to real tracer tests, with arrivals peaking at 1–2 days and a long tail stretching to over 200 days.

Conclusions
The new codes, calibrated to real measurements of fracture geometries in borehole images of the TVZ, reproduce patterns of flows in fractured geothermal systems. Mean flows and permeability anisotropies derived from the DFNs can be used to improve modelling of flows through fractured geothermal reservoirs using continuum models at a limited computational cost.
Active packaging based on wheat germ protein isolate–Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-limonene nanoliposome: preparation and characterization
Authors: Didar Zohreh , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to prepare wheat germ protein/Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage (WGPI/MSLM) biocomposite layers embedded with D-limonene nanoliposomes (NLP). The effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio (0.4–2.5), NLP (0–3%), and glycerol content (35–50%, w/w based on WGPI weight) on water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, antioxidant activity, mechanical properties, and solubility of the fabricated bio-nanocomposites were investigated through faced-centered central composite design.

Results
Our results showed the effects of WGPI/MSLM ratio, glycerol content, and liposome content as well as the interaction between the ratio and NLP content on WVP was significant. The sample with 3% NLP and 35% glycerol and a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM had the lowest solubility. As the ratio of WGPI/MSLM increased, the value of tensile strength (TS) of the samples increased. The lowest elongation at break (26.21%) exhibited by film with 2.5 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and no NLP. The highest antioxidant activity (58.6%) was observed in formulated films with 3% NLP, and a WGPI/MSLM ratio of 0.4. The optimal active film was obtained at a ratio of 0.4 WGPI/MSLM, 35% glycerol, and 3% NLP. The analysis confirmed the antibacterial activity of the optimal films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the larger contact angle of the optimal film compared to the control film and the greater roughness of the optimal film compared to the control sample.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study successfully produced active films of wheat germ protein/Malva sylvestris leaf mucilage embedded with D-Limonene nanoliposomes. The optimal active film exhibited low solubility, high tensile strength, high antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Graphical Abstract
Changes in pediatric injuries sustained while engaged in activities where helmet usage is recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Troy Brent M. , Fraser Doh Kiesha , Linden Allison F. , Xiang Yijin , Gillespie Scott , Agarwal Maneesha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Unintentional injuries, including traumatic brain injuries (TBI), are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in the USA. Helmet usage can reduce TBI incidence and severity; however, the epidemiology of pediatric TBI and helmet use is ever evolving. With lifestyle changes potentially accelerated by the pandemic, we predicted a decrease in helmet utilization with an associated increase in TBI during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Results
There were 1093 patients that presented with AWHUR injuries from 2018 to 2020 with an annual increase from 263 patients in 2018 up to 492 in 2020. The most frequently implicated mechanisms included bicycles (35.9%), ATVs (20.3%), skateboards (11.6%), scooters (8.3%), and dirt bikes (7.4%). Unhelmeted patients increased from 111 (58.7%) in 2018 to 258 (64.8%) in 2020. There was not a significant difference in the proportion of injuries that were unhelmeted from 38.9% in 2018–2019 to 35.2% in 2020 (p = 0.30), as well as the proportion of head injuries from 2018 to 2019 (24.3%) to 2020 (29.3%) (p = 0.07). A significant increase was seen in neurosurgical consultation from 17 (6.5%) in 2018 to 87 (17.7%) in 2020 (p = 0.02). Notably, there was an increase in the percentage of publicly insured patients presenting with injuries from AWHUR during 2020 (p < 0.001); this group also had suboptimal helmet usage.

Conclusion
This study found an increase in patients presenting with injuries sustained while engaged in AWHUR in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerningly, there was a trend toward decreased helmet utilization and increased injury severity markers. Further analysis is needed into the communities impacted the most by AWHUR injuries.
External fixator‐assisted plating osteosynthesis in a rabbit model of femoral bone defects appears to be a feasible and reproducible surgical technique: preliminary insights from a bone substitute study
Authors: Vandenbulcke F. , Anzillotti G. , Ravasio G. , Malagoli E. , Conte P. , Balzarini B. , Kirienko A. , Kon E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to assess the complications associated with the use of an external fixator‐assisted plate osteosynthesis technique to stabilize a femoral bone defect in a rabbit model and to evaluate if this technique could avoid the mispositioning and the displacement of the femoral fragments during the surgical procedure.MethodsA preliminary cadaveric animal study was conducted to develop a new technique of external fixator‐assisted plating. Thirty rabbits underwent a surgical procedure consisting in the creation of a femoral bone defect and, subsequently an implantation of a bone substitute through the assistance of a temporary external fixator. The fixator’s ability to maintain length and alignment during surgery was documented. All intraoperative complications were prospectively collected.ResultsNo complications related to the use of the temporary external fixator were reported. The technique successfully prevented mispositioning and dislocation during plating in all the rabbits.ConclusionIn a rabbit animal model, the use of an external fixator‐assisted plate osteosynthesis technique appears to be feasible and effective in avoiding misposition and rotation of femoral fragments when performing osteotomy and plating to create a mid‐diaphyseal femoral defect.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma arising from the pancreatic parenchyma compressed by a huge pancreatic lipoma: a case report
Authors: Nakahara Seiji , Doi Shunsuke , Nishiwada Satoshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Matsuo Yasuko , Terai Taichi , Kohara Yuichiro , Sakata Takeshi , Nitta Yuji , Morita Kohei , Sho Masayuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic lipomas (PLs) arising from the adipose tissue in the pancreatic parenchyma are rare among pancreatic tumors. Coexisting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and PLs have not been previously reported. Herein, we report a case of PDAC arising from the pancreatic parenchyma with chronic pancreatitis compressed by a large PL.

Case presentation
The patient was a 69-year-old male. He had been diagnosed with a PL using computed tomography (CT) 12 years previously. The tumor had been slowly growing and was followed up carefully because of the possibility of well-differentiated liposarcoma. During follow-up, laboratory data revealed liver damage and slightly elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed the previously diagnosed 12 cm pancreatic head tumor and an irregular isodensity mass at the upper margin of the tumor that invaded and obstructed the distal common bile duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated no specific findings in the main pancreatic duct. Based on these imaging findings, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and bile duct brushing cytology, which revealed indeterminate findings. The differential diagnosis of the tumor at that time was as follows: (1) pancreatic liposarcoma (focal change from well-differentiated to dedifferentiated, not lipoma), (2) distal cholangiocarcinoma, and (3) pancreatic cancer. After the cholangitis improved, a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Histologically, hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed moderately differentiated PDAC compressed by proliferating adipose tissue. The adipose lesion showed homogeneous adipose tissue with no evidence of sarcoma, which led to a diagnosis of lipoma. Additionally, extensive fibrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma and atrophy of the acinar cells around the lipoma was suggestive of chronic pancreatitis. The pathological diagnosis was PDAC (pT2N0M0 pStage Ib) with chronic pancreatitis and PL. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 15th day after surgery. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and has remained recurrence-free for more than 6 months.

Conclusions
PL may be associated with the development of PDAC in the surrounding inflammatory microenvironment of chronic pancreatitis. In cases of growing lipomas, careful radiologic surveillance may be needed not only for the possibility of liposarcoma but also for the coincidental occurrence of PDAC.
Resistance Training and Weight Loss in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Buskard Andrew N. L. , Petrella Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResistance training (RT) is one of the most effective interventions available to older adults wishing to slow the progressive loss of muscle size and strength known to occur with age. Less is known about the ability of RT to resist the onset of an equally problematic condition related to increased age: obesity. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize current research associated with RT and weight loss in older adults, including protocols, feasibility, and gaps in current knowledge. We searched six databases using variations of the terms "resistance training," "weight loss," and "older adults" for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in the year 2009 or later. Studies were included if they featured at least one treatment group with a mean age of > 65 years that engaged in an RT-only exercise protocol with no aerobic or high-intensity interval component. Of the 6102 references identified by the initial database search, 24 were retained for analysis. Older women and older adults with obesity or sarcopenic obesity were the most studied groups (n = 13), followed by healthy community-dwelling older adults (n = 11) and studies involving older adults and some aspect of either dietary control or pharmaceutical intervention (n = 8). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed in the RT characteristics researchers thought optimal for improving body composition measures in older adults. Changes in body composition, rather than total body mass, were found to be the essential variables to consider when evaluating the effectiveness of an RT intervention aimed at reducing chronic disease in older adults. Weight loss alone appears to be an incomplete and problematic outcome measure for older adults, with changes in body composition (ratio of fat mass to lean mass) being the more appropriate variable to emphasize in this population. However, it is important to note that only one study, showing questionably reproducible findings, found a significant lean body mass gain. The lack of abundant high-quality evidence demonstrating combined RT and a healthy diet can lead to significant fat loss and lean body mass gain, coupled with high attrition rates observed in many of the studies reviewed, highlight the need for further rigorous research.
Clinical and life style factors related to the nighttime blood pressure, nighttime dipping and their phenotypes in Korean hypertensive patients
Authors: Kim Byung Sik , Kim Ju Han , Kim Wan , Kim Woo Shik , Park Sungha , Lee Sang Jae , Kim Jang Young , Lee Eun Mi , Ihm Sang Hyun , Pyun Wook Bum , Shin Jeong-Hun , Shin Jinho 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-dipping or reverse dipping patterns are known to be associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis among the general population and clinical cohort. Few large sized studies have explored factors including sleep duration and sleep quality related to nighttime blood pressure (BP) and nocturnal dipping patterns.

Methods
Among 5,360 patients enrolled in Korean multicenter nationwide prospective Registry of ambulatory BP monitoring (KORABP), 981 subjects with complete data on sleep duration, sleep quality assessed using a 4-point Likert scale, and clinical variables were included in the analysis. Phenotypes of nighttime BP pattern were categorized as extreme dipper, dipper, non-dipper, and reverse dipper. Hypertension was defined as a 24-h ambulatory BPs were 130/80 mmHg or higher.

Results
Among 981 subjects, 221 were normotensive, 359 were untreated hypertensive, and 401 were treated hypertensive. Age of the participants were 53.87 ± 14.02 years and 47.1% were female. In overall patients, sleep duration was 431.99 ± 107.61 min, and one to four points of sleep quality were observed in 15.5%, 30.0%, 30.4%, and 24.2%, respectively. Of the 760 hypertensive patients, extreme dipper, dipper, non-dipper, and reverse dipper were observed in 58 (7.63%), 277 (36.45%), 325 (42.76%), and 100 (13.16%), respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, sleep duration (β = 0.0105, p < 0.001) and sleep quality (β = -0.8093, p < 0.001) were associated with nighttime systolic BP and sleep quality was associated with extent of nighttime systolic BP dipping (β = 0.7622, p < 0.001) in hypertensive patients. In addition, sleep quality showed positive association with dipper pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.30) and showed negative association with reverse dipper pattern (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.62–0.86) in multiple logistic regression analyses.

Conclusion
When adjusted covariates, less sleep duration and poor sleep quality were positively associated with nighttime systolic BP. Additionally, sleep quality was the independent associated factor for dipper and reverse dipper phenotypes. The study also found that male sex, low estimated glomerular filtration rate, high ambulatory BP, low office BP, and poor sleep quality were associated with blunted nighttime SBP dipping.
Gene editing with an oxathiapiprolin resistance selection marker reveals that PuLLP, a loricrin-like protein, is required for oospore development in Pythium ultimum
Authors: Feng Hui , Liu Tianli , Li Jiaxu , Wan Chuanxu , Ding Feifei , Wang Yuanchao , Zheng Xiaobo , Ye Wenwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOomycetes, such as Pythium species, contain numerous devastating plant pathogens that inflict substantial economic losses worldwide. Although CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is available, the selection markers available for genetic transformation in these species are limited. In this study, a mutated version of the Phytophthora capsici oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1 (PcMuORP1), known to confer oxathiapiprolin resistance, was introduced into the CRISPR/Cas9 system for in situ complementation in Pythium ultimum. We targeted PuLLP, which encodes a loricrin-like protein, and showed significant downregulation when the Puf RNA-binding protein-encoding gene PuM90 was knocked out. The PuLLP knockout mutants could not produce oospores, indicating a similar biological function as PuM90. The reintroduction of PuLLP into the knockout mutant using PcMuORP1 as a selection marker restored oospore production. Further comparisons with the conventional selection marker NPTII indicated that PcMuORP1 could be applied at a lower concentration and cost, resulting in a higher screening efficiency. Successive subculturing in the absence of selective pressure showed that PcMuORP1 had little long-term effect on the fitness of transformants. Hence, it could be reused as an alternative selection marker. This study demonstrates the successful implementation of the PcMuORP1 gene as a selection marker in the genetic transformation of Py. ultimum and reveals the loricrin-like protein PuLLP as a sexual reproduction-related factor downstream of the Puf RNA-binding protein PuM90. Overall, these results will help accelerate the functional genomic investigation of oomycetes.
The prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kargar Shiva , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Ansari Hossein 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeat belts might save people’s lives in car accidents by preventing severe collision damage and keeping passengers safe from critical injuries. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar were searched from the beginning of 2000 to late December 2020 to identify studies that investigated the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model. The STATA-v14 software was used to perform data analysis.ResultsSixty-eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were suitable for this meta-analysis were identified. The pooled prevalence of seat belt use was 43.94% (95%CI: 42.23–45.73) among drivers, 38.47% (95%CI: 34.89–42.42) among front-seat passengers, and 15.32% (95%CI: 12.33–19.03) among rear-seat passengers. The lowest seat belt use among drivers and passengers was observed in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, while the highest use was reported in Europe and America. Moreover, the prevalence of seat belt use was higher among women drivers [51.47% (95%CI: 48.62–54.48)] than men drivers [38.27% (95%CI: 34.98–41.87)] (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the highest prevalence of seat belt use was seen among drivers (68.9%) and front-seat passengers (50.5%) of sports utility vehicles (SUVs); in contrast, the lowest prevalence was observed among drivers and passengers of public vehicles such as buses, minibuses, and taxis.ConclusionsIn general, the prevalence of seat belt use was not high among drivers and was even lower among passengers. Moreover, drivers and passengers in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa had the lowest prevalence of seat belt usage. Additionally, drivers and passengers of public transportation (buses, minibuses, and taxis) had a lower rate of seat belt use, especially among men. Therefore, effective interventional programs to improve seat belt use should be designed and implemented, particularly among these at-risk populations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
Current relevance of biomarkers in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: an update
Authors: Tripathi Saksham , Tarabichi Saad , Parvizi Javad , Rajgopal Ashok 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith a significant rise in the number of arthroplasty procedures performed worldwide, the increasing revision burden posed by periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a matter of growing concern. In spite of various attempts to diagnose PJI, there are no defined tests that can be called a gold standard. Given the importance of early diagnosis in PJI, newer tests and biomarkers have been introduced to improve cumulative diagnostic accuracy. Novel biomarkers like calprotectin, lipocalcin, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-mean platelet volume ratio have demonstrated a potential as diagnostic biomarkers for PJI. This article discusses the relevance of available and newly described diagnostic biomarkers to provide a perspective on the practical applicability in current medical practice, as well as highlights some recent advances in biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI.