bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Health Behavior Prediction Model in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Sun Kyung , Hwang Seon Young 
Published: September 2023

Background
To prevent cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to identify the factors that affect cardiovascular health behavior.

Objective
The aim of this study was to verify the causal relationship between illness perception and diabetes knowledge as cognitive representations, depression as emotional representations, self-efficacy as cognitive coping, and oral health and cardiovascular health behaviors as behavioral coping strategies. A hypothetical model was established based on a literature review and the self-regulation model.

Methods
In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was used, and the participants were adults 30 years or older who had been given a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for more than 6 months and were recruited from South Korea. Data from 272 participants were collected through face-to-face interviews or Google surveys in 2021, and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0.

Results
Oral health behavior (β = 0.26, P < .001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.16, P = .048) had a direct effect on cardiovascular health behavior, and illness perception (β = 0.24, P = .018) and depression (β = −0.25, P < .001) had an indirect effect through self-efficacy (β = 0.24, P = .016), with a total explanatory power of 19.1%. Oral health behavior was directly affected by illness perception and self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was directly affected by illness perception, diabetes knowledge, and depression (P < .05).

Conclusion
To practice cardiovascular health behaviors in adults with diabetes, self-efficacy for diabetes management should be enhanced. To this end, it is necessary to increase illness perception and knowledge, and reduce depression through cardiovascular disease prevention education for them, and the importance of oral health behaviors should also be emphasized.
The Difference in Time to Discharge Between Daytime and Nighttime Administration of Ketamine in Children
Authors: Choi Kang , Yu Woosung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to compare the time to discharge between daytime and nighttime ketamine administration to children undergoing primary facial repair in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of children aged younger than 18 years and requiring sedation for primary facial repair in 2019. Children who received ketamine for reasons other than facial repair were excluded. All patients were initially injected with 4 mg/kg of ketamine intramuscularly and additionally injected if sedation failed. The time of injection and awakening were recorded in the electronic medical record system by nurses in charge, and the level of wakefulness was determined with a postanesthesia discharge scoring system administered by physicians.

Results
A total of 562 cases of ketamine administration were divided into 2 groups: daytime and nighttime. We defined daytime and nighttime as 8 a.m. and 8 p.m./sunrise and sunset, respectively. They found that there were no significant differences between 2 groups in each standard (95% confidence interval, −4.55–4.55; P = 0.877 and 95% confidence interval, −6.41–2.41; P = 0.487, respectively)

Conclusions
The findings of the study suggest that the time of ketamine injection has no relationship to duration of sedation for primary facial repair in children.
The Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix for Reconstructing Avulsed Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries to the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Amin Dina , Marwan Hisham , Rowan Brian , Abramowicz Shelly , Zaid Waleed 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of our initial experience utilizing urinary bladder matrix (UBM) for reconstructing avulsed injuries resulting from trauma.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective case series evaluated patients presented with avulsed soft tissue injuries to the head and neck who underwent reconstruction with UBM. Patients were treated by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service in Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (Baton Rouge, LA). Descriptive variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results:
Eight patients (mean age 55.8 y) met our inclusion criteria. Wounds were located in the scalp (n=2, 25%), mandible (n=2, 25%), upper eyelid (n=1, 12.5%), cheek (n=1, 12.5%), nose (n=1, 12.5%), or neck (n=1, 12.5%). The depth of the wound extended from the skin to the subcutaneous tissue (n=1, 12.5%), muscle (n=2, 25%), bone (n=3, 37.5%), and/or cartilage (n=1, 12.5%). The mean wound diameter was 47.9 cm2 (range 17–85 cm2). Wounds were classified as acute (n=6, 75%) or chronic wounds (n=2, 25%). At 6 months, all patients had achieved complete healing with no need for additional surgical procedures (n=8, 100%) with a mean healing time of 36.5 days (range 14–90 d).

Conclusion:
Urinary bladder matrix minimize donor-side morbidity, eliminates contraction, and offers a wide range of product sizes to cover a wide range of maxillofacial soft tissue defects in a single-stage manner.
Implication of lipid turnover for the control of energy balance
Authors: Bernard S. , Spalding K. L. 
Published: September 2023

The ongoing obesity epidemic is a consequence of a progressive energy imbalance. The energy-balance model (EBM) posits that obesity results from an excess in food intake and circulating fuels. A reversal in causality has been proposed recently in the form of the carbohydrate–insulin model (CIM), according to which fat storage drives energy imbalance. Under the CIM, dietary carbohydrates shift energy use in favour of storage in adipose tissue. The dynamics of lipid storage and mobilization could, therefore, be sensitive to changes in carbohydrate intake and represent a measurable component of the CIM. To characterize potential changes in lipid dynamics induced by carbohydrates, mathematical models were used. Here, we propose a coherent mathematical implementation of the CIM-energy deposition model (CIM-EDM), which includes lipid turnover dynamics. Using lipid turnover data previously obtained by radiocarbon dating, we build two cohorts of virtual patients and simulate lipid dynamics during ageing and weight loss. We identify clinically testable lipid dynamic parameters that discriminate between the CIM-EDM and an energy in, energy out implementation of the EBM (EBM-IOM). Using a clinically relevant two-month virtual trial, we additionally identify scenarios and propose mechanisms whereby individuals may respond differently to low-carbohydrate diets.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)’.
Models of body weight and fatness regulation
Authors: Speakman John R. , Hall Kevin D. 
Published: September 2023

Body weight and fatness appear to be regulated phenomena. Several different theoretical models are available to capture the essence of this idea. These include the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, control theory-settling point, Hall–Guo, operation point and dual intervention point (DIP) models. The set-point model posits a single reference point around which levels of fat are regulated. The dynamic equilibrium model suggests that the apparent regulation of body fat around a reference point is an illusion owing to the necessary impacts of weight change on energy expenditure. Control theory focuses on the importance of feedback gain and suggests set-point and dynamic equilibrium are ends of a continuum of feedback gain. Control theory models have also been called ‘settling point’ models. The Hall–Guo, operation point and DIP models also bring together the set-point and dynamic equilibrium ideas into a single framework. The DIP proposes a zone of indifference where dynamic equilibrium ‘regulation’ predominates, bounded by upper and lower intervention points beyond which physiological mechanisms are activated. The drifty gene hypothesis is an idea explaining where this individual variation in the upper intervention point might come from. We conclude that further experiments to test between the models are sorely required.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)’.
CellsFromSpace: A fast, accurate and reference-free tool to deconvolve and annotate spatially distributed Omics data
Authors: Thuilliez Corentin , Moquin-Beaudry Gael , Khneisser Pierre , Da Costa Maria Eugenia Marques , Karkar Slim , Boudhouche Hanane , Drubay Damien , Audinot Baptiste , Geoerger Birgit , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Gaspar Nathalie , Marchais Antonin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics involves capturing the transcriptomic profiles of millions of cells within their spatial contexts, enabling the analysis of cell crosstalk in healthy and diseased organs. However, spatial transcriptomics also raises new computational challenges for analyzing multidimensional data associated with spatial coordinates.In this context, we introduce a novel framework called CellsFromSpace. This framework allows users to analyze various commercially available technologies without relying on a single-cell reference dataset. Based on the independent component analysis, CellsFromSpace decomposes spatial transcriptomic data into components that represent distinct cell types or activities. Here, we demonstrate that CellsFromSpace outperforms previous reference-free deconvolution tool in term of accuracy and speed, and successfully identify spatially distributed cells as well as rare diffuse cells on datasets from the Visium, Slide-seq, MERSCOPE, and COSMX technologies.The framework provides a user-friendly graphical interface that enables non-bioinformaticians to perform a full analysis and to annotate the components based on marker genes and spatial distributions. Additionally, CellsFromSpace offers the capability to reduce noise or artifacts by component selection and supports analyses on multiple datasets simultaneously.Graphical abstract
Understanding the relationship between the presence of vegetation and the spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Camaçari, Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Clark Freya N. , Silva Solcà Manuela da , Bittencourt Mothé Fraga Deborah , Ida Brodskyn Claudia , Giorgi Emanuele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease spread by female phlebotomine sandflies (Lutzomyia longipalpis). The most severe form of the disease is visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which can cause fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia. Domestic canines are the main reservoir for human cases in Brazil because they live in close proximity and can remain asymptomatic for long periods of time. Consequently, sole treatment of human cases will not contain the spread of the disease. Current methods of control have been unsuccessful, and thus a better understanding of the canine transmission and the effect of their environment is required. Vegetation is one of the main risk factors for VL that affects the distribution of phlebotomine sandflies. Using geostatistical models, we aim to further understand the effect of vegetation on canine VL in the community of Camaçari, northeastern Brazil. The risk due to vegetation is quantified using the average of the normalised vegetation index (NDVI) for all pixels within each dog’s home range. We found that an increase in NDVI of 0.1 led to an 1.21-fold increase in the odds of canine visceral leishmaniasis, on average, suggesting that coastal vegetation has a particularly strong correlation with VL.Author summaryLeishmaniasis is a disease spread by female phlebotomine sandflies when feeding from mammal blood. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form of the disease, causes fever, weight loss and swelling of internal organs. The vast majority of human VL cases in the Americas occur in Brazil, where domestic canines act as disease pools due to their close proximity to humans and high proportion of asymptomatic cases. Due to a lack of testing and reporting of canine VL cases, authorities have been unable to control transmission. Understanding how VL spreads to canines is imperative to develop new prevention and control strategies. Phlebotomine sandflies feed on plant sap and nectar, and lay eggs around tree roots, hence, we suspect that a mammal would be more likely to contract VL when living near vegetation. We investigated how a dog’s proximity to vegetation affects its chances of contracting VL. We used a geostatistical model that combined the measure of the vegetation with the spatial correlation of the sampled locations of the dogs. Our model estimated that, on average, an increase of 0.1 in the measure of vegetation led to an 1.21-fold increase in the odds that a canine contracted VL.
White Matter Microstructural Plasticity Associated with Educational Intervention in Reading Disability
Authors: Meisler Steven L. , Gabrieli John D. E. , Christodoulou Joanna A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren’s reading progress typically slows during extended breaks in formal education, such as summer vacations. This stagnation can be especially concerning for children with reading difficulties or disabilities (RD), such as dyslexia, because of the potential to exacerbate the skills gap between them and their peers. Reading interventions can prevent skill loss and even lead to appreciable gains in reading ability during the summer. Longitudinal studies relating intervention response to brain changes can reveal educationally relevant insights into rapid learning-driven brain plasticity. The current work focused on reading outcomes and white matter connections, which enable communication among the brain regions required for proficient reading. We collected reading scores and diffusion-weighted images at the beginning and end of summer for 41 children with RDs who had completed either 1st or 2nd grade. Children were randomly assigned to either receive an intensive reading intervention (n= 26;Seeing Starsfrom Lindamood-Bell which emphasizes orthographic fluency) or be deferred to a wait-list group (n= 15), enabling us to analyze how white matter properties varied across a wide spectrum of skill development and regression trajectories. On average, the intervention group had larger gains in reading compared to the non-intervention group, who declined in reading scores. Improvements on a proximal measure of orthographic processing (but not other more distal reading measures) were associated with decreases in mean diffusivity within core reading brain circuitry (left arcuate fasciculus and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus) and increases in fractional anisotropy in the left corticospinal tract. Our findings suggest that responses to intensive reading instruction are related predominantly to white matter plasticity in tracts most associated with reading.
Dopamine receptor-expressing neurons are differently distributed throughout layers of the motor cortex to control dexterity
Authors: Cieslak Przemyslaw E. , Drabik Sylwia , Gugula Anna , Trenk Aleksandra , Gorkowska Martyna , Przybylska Kinga , Szumiec Lukasz , Kreiner Grzegorz , Parkitna Jan Rodriguez , Blasiak Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe motor cortex comprises the primary descending circuits for flexible control of voluntary movements and is critically involved in motor skill learning. Motor skill learning is impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease, but the precise mechanisms of motor control and skill learning are still not well understood. Here we have used transgenic mice, electrophysiology,in situhybridization and neural tract-tracing methods to target genetically defined cell types expressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1+ and D2+, respectively) in the motor cortex. We observed that D1+ and D2+ neurons are organized in highly segregated, non-overlapping populations. Moreover, based onex vivopatch-clamp recordings, we showed that D1+ and D2+ cells have distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties. Finally, we observed that chemogenetic inhibition of D2+, but not D1+ neurons, disrupts skilled forelimb reaching in adult mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that dopamine receptor-expressing cells in the motor cortex are highly segregated and play a specialized role in manual dexterity.
Optimization of a Cardiomyocyte Model Illuminates Role of Increased INaLin Repolarization Reserve
Authors: Fullerton Kristin E , Clark Alexander P. , Krogh-Madsen Trine , Christini David J 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCardiac ion currents may compensate for each other when one is compromised by a congenital or drug-induced defect. Such redundancy contributes to a robust repolarization reserve that can prevent the development of lethal arrhythmias. Most efforts made to describe this phenomenon have quantified contributions by individual ion currents. However, it is important to understand the interplay between all major ion channel conductances, as repolarization reserve is dependent on the balance between all ion currents in a cardiomyocyte. Here, a genetic algorithm was designed to derive a profile of nine ion-channel conductances that optimizes repolarization reserve in a mathematical cardiomyocyte model. Repolarization reserve was quantified using a previously defined metric, repolarization reserve current, i.e., the minimum constant current to prevent normal action potential repolarization in a cell. The optimization improved repolarization reserve current by 77 % compared to baseline in a human adult ventricular myocyte model and increased resistance to arrhythmogenic insult. The optimized conductance profile was characterized by increased repolarizing current conductances, but also uncovered a previously un-reported behavior by the late sodium current. Simulations demonstrated that upregulated late sodium increased action potential duration, without compromising repolarization reserve current. The finding was generalized to multiple models. Ultimately, this computational approach in which multiple currents were studied simultaneously illuminated mechanistic insights into how the metric’s magnitude could be increased, and allowed for the unexpected role of late sodium to be elucidated.NEW & NOTEWORTHYGenetic algorithms are typically used to fit models or extract desired parameters from data. Here, we utilize the tool to produce a ventricular cardiomyocyte model with increased repolarization reserve. Since arrhythmia mitigation is dependent on multiple cardiac ion-channel conductances, study using a comprehensive, unbiased, and systems-level approach is important. This use of this optimization strategy allowed us to find a robust profile that illuminated unexpected mechanistic determinants of key ion-channel conductances in repolarization reserve.
A benzoxazolylurea inhibits VraS and enhances antimicrobials against vancomycin intermediate-resistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Heckler Emerson P. , Ali Liaqat , Bhattarai Shrijan , Cagle-White Brittnee , Smith Nicklaus , Coover Robert A. , Abdel Aziz May H. , Sarkar Aurijit 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTVancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) is a pathogen of concern. VraS, a histidine kinase, facilitates the VISA phenotype. Here, we reveal a benzoxazolylurea that directly inhibits VraS and enhances vancomycin to below the clinical breakpoint against an archetypal VISA strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct VraS inhibitor ever reported that shows significant enhancement of vancomycin against VISA.
Network effects of traumatic brain injury: from infra slow to high frequency oscillations
Authors: Marsh Brianna , Huang Mingxiong , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a multitude of effects on neural functioning. In extreme cases, TBI can lead to seizures both immediately following the injury as well as persistent epilepsy over years to a lifetime. However, mechanisms of neural dysfunctioning after TBI remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed experimental data and developed a biophysical network model implementing effects of ion concentration dynamics and homeostatic synaptic plasticity to test effects of TBI on the brain network dynamics. We focus on three primary phenomena that have been reportedin vivoafter TBI: an increase in infra slow oscillations (<0.1 Hz), increase in delta (0.1 - 4 Hz) power, and the emergence of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the gamma range (30 - 100 Hz). We show that the infra slow oscillations can be directly attributed to extracellular potassium fluctuations, while the existence and characterization of HFOs is related to the increase in strength of synaptic weights from homeostatic synaptic scaling. The experimentally found transient increase in delta power can be attributed to the inter-HFO timings. We then show that buildup of high frequency oscillations in the injured region can lead to seizure-like events that span all neurons in the network; additional seizures can then be initiated in previously healthy regions. This study brings greater understanding of network effects of TBI, and how they can give rise to epileptic activity. This lays the foundation to begin investigating how injured networks can be healed and seizures prevented.Significance StatementThis project delineates and attempts to explain abnormalities seen in human brain following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can lead to the development of seizures, which may last a lifetime and often become resistant to pharmaceutical treatments. The study identified key mechanisms responsible for occurrence of three characteristic changes in spatio-temporal network dynamics following TBI. This model provides predictions that can serve as a testing ground for potential therapeutic approaches.
Contralesional hippocampal spreading depolarization promotes functional recovery after stroke
Authors: Boyce Andrew K.J. , Fouad Yannick , Gom Renaud C. , Ashby Donovan M. , Martins-Silva Cristina , Molina Leonardo , Füzesi Tamas , Ens Carina , Nicola Wilten , McGirr Alexander , Teskey G. Campbell , Thompson Roger J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke, brain tissue infarction following obstructed cerebral blood flow, leads to long-term neurological deficits and death. While neocortex is a commonly affected region with established preclinical models, less is known about deeper brain strokes, despite having unique neurological outcomes. We induced focal ischemic stroke while simultaneously monitors neuronal activity in awake behaving Thy1-GCaMP6f mice by delivering and collecting light through bilateral fiberoptic implants. Unilateral hippocampal stroke resulted in atypical mouse behavior coincident with ipsilesional terminal spreading depolarization (sustained increase in GCaMP6f fluorescence). Ischemia induced seizures that propagated to the contralesional hippocampus triggering a transient spreading depolarization (SD), predominantly in females. Hippocampal stroke impaired contextual fear conditioning acquired pre-stroke. Yet, 7 days post-stroke, contextual fear conditioning was only improved in mice with evidence of contralesional SD. Here, recovery of hippocampal function was lost by blunting peri-stroke SD with NMDAR antagonism, indicating that contralesional SD improves recovery following hippocampal stroke.