bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and Characterization of Anthropogenic Plant Communities in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , González‐García Víctor , Ivesdal Greta , Lázaro‐Lobo Adrián , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTQuestionsCan we reconcile regional and European classifications of anthropogenic plant communities at the biogeographical scale? How are these communities characterized by species origins, traits and ecological preferences?LocationAtlantic territories in the NW Iberian Peninsula (a.k.a. Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion); south‐western Europe.MethodsWe classified 2508 plots with the aim of being consistent with regional phytosociological expertise, while matching that expertise with current EuroVegChecklist alliances. We used modified TWINSPAN to revise the original phytosociological classification, followed by semi‐supervised re‐classification of the whole dataset. We determined the proportion of natives, archaeophytes, and neophytes. We also described the alliances in terms of species traits (lifeforms, height, and flowering phenology) and ecological requirements (temperature, moisture, light, nutrients, soil reaction, disturbance frequency, and severity).ResultsWe assigned 2086 vegetation plots to 25 anthropogenic alliances representing nine vegetation classes (Cymbalario‐Parietarietea diffusae, Polygono‐Poetea annuae, Papaveretea rhoeadis, Digitario sanguinalis‐Eragrostietea minoris, Chenopodietea, Sisymbrietea, Bidentetea, Artemisietea vulgaris, and Epilobietea angustifolii). The plots included 1149 species: 78% natives, 15% archaeophytes and 7% neophytes. Vegetation groups were organized along a principal axis of abiotic stress (dry‐sunny to moist‐shady habitats) and a secondary axis of disturbance.ConclusionsIn the Iberian Atlantic territories, anthropogenic habitats host one third of the regional plant species pool and one fifth of the Iberian flora. Mesic perennial ruderal vegetation is especially rich in native species and can be a biodiversity asset in urban landscapes. Our biogeographical‐level synthesis can improve the management of anthropogenic plant communities and contribute towards a European‐level synthesis of human‐made vegetation.
Spatial distribution and subtype‐specific expression patterns of Nectin‐4 in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Olah Csilla , Sichward Lara , Hadaschik Boris , Darr Christopher , Grünwald Viktor , Krafft Ulrich , Grünwald Barbara T. , Mahmoud Osama , Al‐Nader Mulham , Nyirady Peter , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression patterns of Nectin‐4, the target molecule of the antibody‐drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV), in relation to histological and molecular subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).Patients and MethodsWe assessed the protein expression patterns of Nectin‐4 in a spatially organised tissue microarray containing 1386 tissue cores from 314 consecutive patients with UBC who underwent radical cystectomy (2005–2018). Results were correlated with clinicopathological and follow‐up data, as well as with different spatial locations (tumour central vs tumour‐normal interface and primary tumour vs lymph node [LN] metastases). Additionally, we correlated Nectin‐4 expression levels with histological and molecular subtypes. Finally, we assessed the value of Nectin‐4 expression for predicting the efficacy of platinum therapy in the peri‐operative setting.ResultsNectin‐4 expression was observed in 63% of primary tumours and 87% of LN metastases, with significantly higher levels in LNs. Of the histological subtypes, the micropapillary (58%) and pure urothelial histologies (30%) were associated with the highest Nectin‐4 positivity, while the sarcomatoid (17%), squamous (15%) and small/cell‐neuroendocrine (0%) subtypes exhibited the lowest. Nectin‐4 immunopositivity rates were significantly higher in luminal (urothelial‐like [42%] and genomically unstable [34%] Lund subtypes) compared to the basal (5%) or mesenchymal (0%) molecular subtypes. Higher Nectin‐4 expression levels were associated with lower tumour stage but showed no association with overall survival. Finally, patients with low Nectin‐4 expression tended to derive more benefit from platinum‐based chemotherapy in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings (P < 0.001, P = 0.067).ConclusionOur results revealed a low spatial heterogeneity of Nectin‐4 expression within the primary tumour. In contrast, differential Nectin‐4 expression was found in the context of histological and molecular subtypes. Nectin‐4‐expressing tumours may show varying sensitivity to both EV and platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Functional Traits and Species Identity Drive Decomposition Along a Successional Gradient in Upper Andean Tropical Forests
Authors: Castillo‐Figueroa Dennis , Soler‐Marín Diego , Posada Juan M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeaf litter decomposition constitutes one of the most vital processes for maintaining productivity and carbon release in ecosystems. However, this remains one of the least understood processes in upper Andean tropical forests (UATF), a highly diverse ecoregion that has undergone extensive transformation over the centuries. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationships between decomposition rates of leaf litter, leaf functional traits, and microclimatic conditions along a successional gradient of UATF. We also tested the “after‐life effect” by analyzing changes between green and senescent leaves. We performed a fully reciprocal translocation experiment with 15 representative species of UATF in a set of 14 permanent plots by using 2520 litterbags distributed across 42 experimental units (three litterbeds per plot), over 1.5 years, with four harvesting times (3, 6, 12, and 18 months). Chemical and physical traits were measured in green and senescent leaves to identify the best predictors of decomposition and to analyze the “after‐life effect.” We found that functional traits and species identity drive litter decomposition in UATF, rather than succession and microclimatic conditions of soil moisture and temperature. The relative importance of traits was prevalent in all stages of decay, despite being stronger in the early phases. Although we found an “after‐life effect” of green leaves in decomposition, changes in chemical composition from green to senescent leaves indicated substantial nitrogen resorption, which is a limiting resource in tropical montane forests. With the increasing landscape transformation in UATF, changes in plant species composition could have profound impacts by altering decomposition rates, nutrient cycling, and global carbon storage.
Survey of Inter‐Prediction Methods for Time‐Varying Mesh Compression
Authors: Dvořák Jan , Hácha Filip , Arvanitis Gerasimos , Podgorelec David , Moustakas Konstantinos , Váša Libor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTime‐varying meshes (TVMs), that is mesh sequences with varying connectivity, are a greatly versatile representation of shapes evolving in time, as they allow a surface topology to change or details to appear or disappear at any time during the sequence. This, however, comes at the cost of large storage size. Since 2003, there have been attempts to compress such data efficiently. While the problem may seem trivial at first sight, considering the strong temporal coherence of shapes represented by the individual frames, it turns out that the varying connectivity and the absence of implicit correspondence information that stems from it makes it rather difficult to exploit the redundancies present in the data. Therefore, efficient and general TVM compression is still considered an open problem. We describe and categorize existing approaches while pointing out the current challenges in the field and hint at some related techniques that might be helpful in addressing them. We also provide an overview of the reported performance of the discussed methods and a list of datasets that are publicly available for experiments. Finally, we also discuss potential future trends in the field.
What About the Kids? Identifying Children in the Housing Support System in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Pehi Tiria , Fraser Brodie , Ombler Jenny , Buchanan Mary , O'Sullivan Kimberly , Jiang Terrence , Atatoa‐Carr Polly , Pierse Nevil 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn Aotearoa New Zealand (henceforth referred to as Aotearoa) a range of housing supports are aimed at improving homeownership rates and making both private rental and public housing more available. Despite these “supports”, a large number of children, adolescents and young people are experiencing housing insecurity or severe housing deprivation. Housing intersects with health, education, state care and welfare to influence a range of outcomes for children, therefore this paper addresses the critical issue of access to housing supports for children and adolescents. Through Official Information Act requests and a review of existing housing sector data, we found 323,257 children within the housing support system in Aotearoa New Zealand, with Māori (Indigenous People of Aotearoa) children disproportionately represented. We describe how children are largely unaccounted for in housing support system data, and this invisibility therefore challenges the understanding of the extent, inequities, and impact of the housing sector on children. We argue the urgent need for transformative policies centred on children, embedded in Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi), to ensure all children have access to stable, healthy, and secure housing for a brighter future.
Endangered species lack research on the outcomes of conservation action
Authors: Binley A. D. , Haddaway L. , Buxton R. , Lalla K. M. , Lesbarreres D. , Smith P. A. , Bennett J. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGiven widespread biodiversity declines, there is an urgent need to ensure that conservation interventions are working. Yet, evidence regarding the effectiveness of conservation actions is often lacking. Using a case study of 209 terrestrial species listed as Endangered in Canada, we conducted a literature review to collate the evidence base on conservation actions to: (1) explore the outcomes of actions documented for each species and (2) identify knowledge gaps. Action‐oriented research constituted only 2% of all peer‐reviewed literature across target species, and for 61% of species, we found no literature investigating outcomes of conservation actions. Protected areas, habitat creation, artificial shelter, and alternative farming practices were broadly beneficial for most species for which these actions were assessed. Habitat restoration actions were most frequently studied, but 38% of these actions were harmful, ineffective, or demonstrated mixed results. The effectiveness of prescribed burns, alternative timber harvesting approaches, and vegetation control was examined for the greatest number of species, yet 17%–30% of these actions demonstrated negative effects. Our synthesis demonstrates a lack of published evidence for many actions implemented for the recovery of species at risk of extinction, highlighting an alarming gap in the conservation literature.
Morbidities and comorbidities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and septo‐optic‐pituitary dysplasia
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Ruth Chelsea A. , Yogendran Marina S. , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo quantify optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo‐optic‐pituitary dysplasia (SOD) morbidities and comorbidities.MethodA retrospective population‐based study with a case–control design was undertaken using administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. Cases were 124 patients with ONH or SOD (70 males, 54 females; age range 6 months–36 years 8 months [mean 13 years, SD 7 years 2 months]) diagnosed from 1990 to 2019, matched to 620 unrelated population‐based controls (350 males, 270 females; age range 0–36 years 8 months [mean 12 years 5 months, SD 7 years 2 months]) on birth year, sex, and area of residence. Additionally, 76 cases with ONH or SOD (46 males, 30 females; age range 2 years 5 months–36 years 8 months [mean 13 years 11 months, SD 7 years 3 months]) were matched one‐to‐one with sibling controls (40 males, 36 females; age range 7 months–33 years 1 month [mean 11 years 8 months, SD 7 years 3 months]). We used χ2 or Fisher's exact tests to test for differences in prevalence in morbidities and comorbidities between cases and controls; odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for differences in subgroups of cases; hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated.ResultsVisual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism were core morbidities associated with ONH and SOD cases respectively compared to unrelated controls (OR = 58.6, 95% CI = 22.5–152.5; OR = 243.4, 95% CI = 32.9–1799.0 respectively). Developmental delay or intellectual disability (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 3.3–14.4), autism spectrum disorder (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.0–8.3), epilepsy (OR = 14.9, 95% CI = 6.1–36.5), cerebral palsy (OR = 40.9, 95% CI = 14.0–119.6), and mood or anxiety disorders (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8) were the comorbidities more common among cases with ONH and SOD. Cases matched to siblings showed similar results except for mood and anxiety disorders.InterpretationVisual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism are the main morbidities in patients with ONH and SOD respectively, while developmental delay or intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and mood or anxiety disorders are important comorbidities.
Apples and oranges: Conceptual review as task analysis method1
Authors: van Stee Annemarie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConceptual review is a method to address issues of task comparability and task validity in cognitive neuroscience. Meta‐analyses within cognitive neuroscience (CNS) as well as integration of neuroscientific findings with findings from adjacent disciplines both involve gathering studies that have purportedly investigated the same mental concept. After all, it is no use comparing apples and oranges. Tasks, and in particular the experimental contrasts implemented through tasks, determine whether studies are in fact comparable. Yet studies tend to be grouped together or kept apart based on the mental label researchers have applied and unfortunately, labels are an unreliable proxy for experimental contrasts. Different contrasts may receive the same label: ‘working memory’ studies rely on a variety of contrasts, derived from a variety of tasks. Vice versa, the same contrast may receive different labels: ‘task switching’ and ‘working memory’ studies can be exactly the same in terms of their experimental contrast. Label use thus obscures comparability problems. What is more, even when experimental contrasts are comparable, they may be invalid operationalizations of the mental label attached to them. In this paper, I introduce conceptual review as a method for task analysis. It can stand on its own or be combined with a cognitive ontology. Conceptual review applies philosophical strategies for analysing concepts to methodological choices in CNS studies, to uncover their conceptual implications. Conceptual review thus sheds light on the precise concept that was studied and thereby, on the comparability of CNS studies and the validity of tasks.
Detection of odorants in odour mixtures among healthy people and patients with olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Drnovsek Eva , Weitkamp Kristina , Murthy Venkatesh N. , Gurbuz Edanur , Haehner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTarget odorant detection in mixtures has been shown to become more difficult as the number of background odorants increases and falls below chance level in mixtures with 16 components. Our aim was to investigate target odorant detection in mixtures among healthy people and compare it between dysosmic patients and age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Participants underwent extensive olfactory testing and performed two target odorant detection tasks. Eugenol (‘clove’) and phenylethanol (PEA, ‘rose’) were target odorants for all participants, whereas a third target was randomised. For each target odorant in task one (task two), there were four steps. Mixtures contained two (three) odorants in the first step and up to seven (eight) odorants in the fourth step. In each step, participants were asked to choose the sample with the target odorant from the three (two) jars presented. The study included 90 healthy people and 40 patients. As expected, probability of successful target odorant detection decreased as the number of odorants in the mixture increased. However, even when there were seven (eight) odorants in the mixture, around 50% (50%) of healthy people detected Eugenol and around 30% (40%) detected PEA. Furthermore, both distributions of successful target odorant detection differed from the expected binominal distribution of chance (p < 0.001). Patients performed worse at detecting Eugenol or PEA at each step than controls. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between task scores and olfactory function. In conclusion, target odorant detection is influenced by the target odorant, number of background odorants, and individual olfactory function.
Laser‐Induced Olfactory Bulbectomy in Adult Zebrafish as a Novel Putative Model for Affective Syndrome: A Research Tribute to Brian Leonard
Authors: Nekhoroshev Evgeny V. , Kleshchev Maxim A. , Volgin Andrey D. , Shavlyakov Anton D. , Bao Xixin , Wang Shenghao , de Abreu Murilo S. , Amstislavskaya Tamara G. , Kalueff Allan V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInducing multiple neurobehavioural and neurochemical deficits, olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) has been developed as a rodent model of depression with potential for antidepressant drug screening. However, the generality of this model in other vertebrate taxa remains poorly understood. A small freshwater teleost fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), is rapidly becoming a common model species in neuroscience research. Capitalizing on a recently developed model of noninvasive targeted laser ablation of zebrafish brain, here we report an OBX model in adult fish. An easy‐to‐perform noninvasive method of inducing affective syndrome‐like behavioural deficits in fish, it extends the generality of OBX to other taxa beyond mammals, also offering several practical advantages and novel lines of research in experimental modelling of CNS disorders. The work is a scientific tribute to the legacy of Brian Leonard (1936–2023), a great friend and a brilliant scientist who introduced OBX as a rodent model for affective pathobiology and whose advice and encouragement have inspired the present study.
Predicting and Mapping the Phosphorus Adsorption Maximum and Phosphorus Adsorption Affinity Constant at Regional Scale
Authors: Gu Yu , Ros Gerard H. , Zhu Qichao , Zheng Dongfang , Shen Jianbo , de Vries Wim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInsight into the variation of the soil phosphorus (P) adsorption maximum (Qmax) and the P adsorption affinity constant (KL) is crucial for accurately assessing the dynamics of P availability, P uptake and P leaching in agricultural systems at regional scale. Data on the variation in soil P adsorption characteristics, derived from traditional batch experiments, combined with data on soil properties affecting them, such as pH, clay and organic matter content, can be used to assess the influence of soil properties on P adsorption characteristics. However, current studies are limited to explaining the variation in Qmax using linear models, focusing on either noncalcareous or calcareous soils. This study aims to (1) identify the soil properties governing both Qmax and KL for a combination of noncalcareous and calcareous soils, including nonlinear and interaction effects; and (2) create spatial maps depicting the variations in both soil P adsorption characteristics at the regional scale (two typical Chinese counties). We leveraged 83 data points of both Qmax and KL from 16 publications with main soil properties affecting P adsorption, that is, pH and the content of soil organic matter (SOM), clay and oxalate extractable Fe and Al (FeOX and AlOX), to develop predictive models for soil P adsorption. General linear regression (GLM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) models were used to unravel the relationships between soil properties and P adsorption characteristics. The XGB model outperformed GLM model, explaining more than 80% of the variations in both Qmax and KL in noncalcareous and calcareous soils, while the GLM model explained 52% for Qmax and only 21% for KL. Key drivers influencing Qmax were found to be FeOX, AlOX and pH, while clay and pH played significant roles in explaining the variability in KL. When applying these models at the county level using county‐level inventory data, noncalcareous soils generally exhibited higher P sorption capacity and binding energy than calcareous soils. To enhance the accuracy of soil P sorption predictions and guide sustainable P fertiliser use, regional mapping of FeOX and AlOX content is essential.
Changes in Biological and Chemical Soil Properties in an Austrian Long‐Term Tillage Experiment
Authors: Spiegel Heide , Sandén Taru , Sandén Hans , Götzinger Sophia , Miloczki Julia , Kandeler Ellen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConventional tillage, including ploughing after harvest and/or for seedbed preparation, aims to incorporate crop residues and weeds and to loosen, mix and aerate the soil. However, less beneficial effects, such as a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), are also associated with intensive tillage. This has made reduced and minimum tillage systems without ploughing increasingly popular in agriculture, contributing to soil health and climate change mitigation. We studied the effects of different tillage systems on chemical and microbial soil properties in a long‐term field experiment established on a fine‐sandy loamy Haplic Chernozem in Fuchsenbigl, Austria, in 1988. The tillage treatments include conventional tillage (CT) with a plough and a cultivator down to 30 cm soil depth, reduced tillage (RT) with a cultivator down to 15 cm two to three times a year, as well as minimum tillage (MT) treated with a rotary driller once a year down to 5–8 cm soil depth. In 2016, a soil sampling campaign was conducted, and alkaline phosphatase, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and the nitrogen (N) mineralisation potential were analysed along with chemical properties including SOC, active C, total nitrogen (Nt), CAL extractable phosphorus (PCAL) and potassium (KCAL). Under MT, these properties were significantly higher compared to CT in 0–10 cm. In deeper soil layers, these parameters showed very few significant differences between the tillage treatments. RT yielded intermediate values but not always significantly different from CT. PLFA indicators significantly correlated with SOC and, even more distinctly, with Nt and active carbon. The high ratio of Gram‐positive to Gram‐negative bacteria indicates more recalcitrant organic matter in the top layer in MT than CT.