bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum and Orbit of a Fireball Producing Mesospheric Irregularity and Implications for Meteor Mass Deposition
Authors: Li Guozhu , Wu Zhi , Li Yi , Hu Lianhuan , Sun Wenjie , Xie Haiyong , Zhao Xiukuan , Reid Iain M. , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The physical properties of meteoroids producing meteor plasma non-field-aligned irregularities (NFAI) in the Earth’s atmosphere are poorly known. Here we report a complete picture of a fireball and mesospheric NFAI that it produced for the first time. Simultaneous radar and optical observations were made by the recently completed facility, Meteor and ionospheric Irregularity Observation System. The observations show that the mesospheric NFAI were clustered into three patches where the optical meteor flares took place, instead of being generated continuously along the whole meteor path. It is very likely that nanometer-or-larger-sized dust particles could be directly generated via meteoroid fragmentation at the flaring points and thus promote the generation of NFAI patches. The properties of the parent meteoroid show a chondrite type and a Jupiter family comet orbit, with Na/Mg and Fe/Mg intensity ratios of 1.5 and 1, respectively, photometric mass of about 4 g, and fragmentation strengths of around 10–74 kPa. The results suggest that the direct generation of dust particles, which was previously observed in the atmospheric disintegration of a kiloton-scale meteoroid, could be extended to the much smaller gram-scale meteoroids. Since meteoroids having such characteristics or more fragile material are not unusual, further studies leading to a better understanding of meteor mass deposition in the upper atmosphere, which consider the dust particles directly generated via gram-scale meteoroid fragmentation, are extremely important.
Correlating Changes in Spot Filling Factors with Stellar Rotation: The Case of LkCa 4
Authors: Pérez Paolino Facundo , Bary Jeffrey S. , Petersen Michael S. , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Follette Katherine B. , Mach Heidi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a multi-epoch spectroscopic study of LkCa 4, a heavily spotted non-accreting T Tauri star. Using SpeX at NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), 12 spectra were collected over five consecutive nights, spanning ≈1.5 stellar rotations. Using the IRTF SpeX Spectral Library, we constructed empirical composite models of spotted stars by combining a warmer (photosphere) standard star spectrum with a cooler (spot) standard weighted by the spot filling factor, f
spot. The best-fit models spanned two photospheric component temperatures, T
phot = 4100 K (K7V) and 4400 K (K5V), and one spot component temperature, T
spot = 3060 K (M5V) with an A

V
of 0.3. We find values of f
spot to vary between 0.77 and 0.94 with an average uncertainty of ∼0.04. The variability of f
spot is periodic and correlates with its 3.374 day rotational period. Using a mean value for f
mean
spot to represent the total spot coverage, we calculated spot corrected values for T
eff and L
⋆. Placing these values alongside evolutionary models developed for heavily spotted young stars, we infer mass and age ranges of 0.45–0.6 M
⊙ and 0.50–1.25 Myr, respectively. These inferred values represent a twofold increase in the mass and a twofold decrease in the age as compared to standard evolutionary models. Such a result highlights the need for constraining the contributions of cool and warm regions of young stellar atmospheres when estimating T
eff and L
⋆ to infer masses and ages as well as the necessity for models to account for the effects of these regions on the early evolution of low-mass stars.
Machine Learning Detects Multiplicity of the First Stars in Stellar Archaeology Data
Authors: Hartwig Tilman , Ishigaki Miho N. , Kobayashi Chiaki , Tominaga Nozomu , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In unveiling the nature of the first stars, the main astronomical clue is the elemental compositions of the second generation of stars, observed as extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars, in the Milky Way. However, no observational constraint was available on their multiplicity, which is crucial for understanding early phases of galaxy formation. We develop a new data-driven method to classify observed EMP stars into mono- or multi-enriched stars with support vector machines. We also use our own nucleosynthesis yields of core-collapse supernovae with mixing fallback that can explain many of the observed EMP stars. Our method predicts, for the first time, that 31.8% ± 2.3% of 462 analyzed EMP stars are classified as mono-enriched. This means that the majority of EMP stars are likely multi-enriched, suggesting that the first stars were born in small clusters. Lower-metallicity stars are more likely to be enriched by a single supernova, most of which have high carbon enhancement. We also find that Fe, Mg. Ca, and C are the most informative elements for this classification. In addition, oxygen is very informative despite its low observability. Our data-driven method sheds a new light on solving the mystery of the first stars from the complex data set of Galactic archeology surveys.
Association Between Magnetic Pressure Difference and the Movement of Solar Pores
Authors: Mendoza Merlin M. , Lin Chia-Hsien 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Solar pores are closely related to the concentration, dissipation, and transportation of solar magnetic flux. Their observable characteristics can provide constraints on models and simulations of magnetic flux emergence and formation. The specific property investigated in this study is their horizontal movement. The aim is to investigate whether the movement is correlated with any observable quantities. Our statistical analysis of 61 compact pores identified from the Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARP) from 2011 to 2018 indicates that the direction of movement is often either parallel or antiparallel to the direction of maximum magnetic pressure difference (dP
mag) at the opposite sides of the edges of the pores. The correlation coefficients for both the parallel and antiparallel cases are higher than 0.74. Despite the high correlation, our analysis using the transfer entropy indicates no significant causal relationship between the direction of motion and the direction of maximum dP
mag.
Les majors pétrolières, du tout pétrole aux énergies renouvelables, décryptage d’un changement de modèle ou de communication
Authors: Augé Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Le changement climatique oblige les firmes pétrolières privées comme publiques à faire évoluer, à la marge, leur modèle, jusqu’alors basé uniquement sur la production d’hydrocarbures. Certains acteurs, comme les majors européennes, deviennent des énergéticiens généralistes utilisant l’extraordinaire capital généré par leur manne pétrolière en vue de financer les acquisitions dans les énergies renouvelables, tout en ne baissant pas la production d’hydrocarbures. D’autres au contraire, comme les firmes américaines, minimisent le changement, en ne parlant que de limiter les effets de leur production de pétrole et de gaz. Les acteurs asiatiques et golfiques des hydrocarbures sont quant à eux à des stades très différents de leur réflexion, certains finançant directement de grandes fermes solaires, pour maximiser l’exportation de gaz et de pétrole alors qu’en Chine, où les acteurs des énergies fossiles restent dans leur corps de métier traditionnel, c’est à d’autres acteurs étatiques et privés qu’échoie le rôle de développer les renouvelables. Si la plupart des régions bénéficient de ces nouveaux investissements des pétroliers dans les énergies vertes, l’Afrique reste à quai.
Enjeux géopolitiques autour du partage et du contrôle de trois grands fleuves transfrontaliers en Asie du Sud (Gange, Indus et Brahmapoutre)
Authors: Oulkebous Leila 
Published: March 2023

Le Gange, le Brahmapoutre et l’Indus : ces trois fleuves majeurs de l’Asie du Sud constituent des artères centrales à l’échelle de la région et près de 700 millions de personnes dépendent de ces cours d’eau pour leurs besoins en eau. Ces fleuves transfrontaliers sont au cœur de rivalités géopolitiques importantes entre les États riverains. La Chine et l’Inde en particulier sont deux grandes puissances économiques rivales qui misent en grande partie sur le contrôle des ressources en eau à travers la mise en place d’aménagements comme des barrages ou des canaux de dérivation. Dans cet article, nous allons nous intéresser à l’eau en tant que ressource stratégique et voir dans quelle mesure elle se place au cœur d’enjeux de partage et de contrôle en Asie du Sud. Nous chercherons à analyser en quoi les problématiques d’usage et de répartition des ressources en eau à l’échelle de ces grands fleuves transfrontaliers mettent en lumière les rivalités entre puissances régionales.
Sécurité alimentaire et géopolitique des protéines : enjeux et perspectives d’une ressource en mutation
Authors: Antoine Olivier , Thiercelin Éloïse 
Published: March 2023

Au cours des cent dernières années, l’accélération de la croissance démographique mondiale, l’urbanisation de la population et la hausse phénoménale de la consommation de viande ont provoqué une explosion de la demande de protéines, entraînant une évolution des systèmes alimentaires ainsi que des mutations agricoles au profit notamment de la culture du soja. Protéine star du système de production intensive de viande, elle s’est imposée comme un pilier de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale et l’objet d’enjeux géopolitiques. Lourdement critiquée pour les conséquences de sa production sur l’environnement, la production de soja est remise en question au profit de stratégies d’indépendance protéique privilégiant de nouvelles ressources. Ces alternatives, où l’agriculture ne joue plus un rôle central, pourraient redéfinir une nouvelle géopolitique des protéines et, à terme, marquer un possible tournant civilisationnel.
La stratégie énergétique chinoise et ses échelles, résoudre par l’échelle internationale un paradoxe interne
Authors: Palle Angélique 
Published: March 2023

Cet article interroge la relation de dépendance entre la politique interne de l’énergie en Chine et le projet des routes de la soie. Il propose dans un premier temps une analyse des facteurs de transformation du mix énergétique chinois et de leurs effets sur la politique chinoise de l’énergie. Elle se trouve aujourd’hui face à un paradoxe, celui d’une double injonction au développement et à la croissance d’une part, et à la maîtrise des externalités environnementales de cette croissance d’autre part. Un paradoxe que le gouvernement chinois cherche à résoudre en s’appuyant sur une politique extérieure d’acquisition de ressources et de développement du secteur énergétique. Cette politique extérieure est contrainte par l’environnement régional de la Chine que l’on analysera dans un second temps avant de montrer comment le projet des routes de la soie constitue dans sa dimension énergétique une tentative de résolution de ce paradoxe énergétique chinois.
A Therapeutic Vaccine in Combination with Cyclic GMP–AMP Cures More Differentiated Melanomas in Mice
Authors: Alam Md Masud , Gower Timothy , Jiang Mengmeng , Oppenheim Joost J , Yang De 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have identified a combinational immunotherapy termed TheraVac vaccine (TheraVac) that can cure multiple large established mouse tumors, but it failed to cure melanoma in mice. TheraVac consists of an immunostimulating arm containing an agonist (HMGN1 [N1]) for TLR4 and an agonist (R848) for TLR7/8 that synergize to activate tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) and promote Th1 immune responses. The second arm uses an immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PDL-1, to diminish tumor-associated immunosuppression. In this study, we investigated supplementation of TheraVac by a stimulator of IFN genes (STING) agonist, cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), because together they synergize in activating DCs and produced more immunostimulating IL-12p70 and TNF-α cytokines. The synergistic activation and maturation of DCs is dependent on the activation of tank binding kinase-1 (TBK1). Treatment of three different melanin-producing mouse melanomas (B16F1, M3, and M4) with intratumoral delivery of cGAMP and TheraVac eradicated 60–80% of these melanomas. Immunoprofiling of M3 tumor treated with TheraVac plus cGAMP showed an increase in CD8+ CTLs and macrophages in the tumor. There was also a marked increase of CD4, CD8 effector and memory T cells and generation of functional tumor-specific CTLs in tumor-draining lymph nodes. The resultant tumor-free mice were selectively resistant to subsequent challenge with the same tumors, indicating long-term tumor-specific protective immunity. Overall, our findings have important implications for clinical trials with a combination of these immunotherapeutics to cure melanin-producing human melanomas, without the need for exogenous tumor Ags and no clear toxic effects in mice.
Innate Immune Zonation in the Liver: NF-κB (p50) Activation and C-Reactive Protein Expression in Response to Endotoxemia Are Zone Specific
Authors: McCarthy William C , Sherlock Laura G , Grayck Maya R , Zheng Lijun , Lacayo Oscar A , Solar Mack , Orlicky David J , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Wright Clyde J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hepatic innate immune function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Importantly, a growing body of literature has firmly established the spatial heterogeneity of hepatocyte metabolic function; however, whether innate immune function is zonated remains unknown. To test this question, we exposed adult C57BL/6 mice to endotoxemia, and hepatic tissue was assessed for the acute phase response (APR). The zone-specific APR was evaluated in periportal and pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes isolated using digitonin perfusion and on hepatic tissue using RNAscope and immunohistochemistry. Western blot, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in mediating hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) expression. Finally, the ability of mice lacking the NF-κB subunit p50 (p50−/−) to raise a hepatic APR was evaluated. We found that endotoxemia induces a hepatocyte transcriptional APR in both male and female mice, with Crp, Apcs, Fga, Hp, and Lbp expression being enriched in pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes. Focusing our work on CRP expression, we determined that NF-κB transcription factor subunit p50 binds to consensus sequence elements present in the murine CRP promoter. Furthermore, pericentral/centrilobular hepatocyte p50 nuclear translocation is temporally associated with zone-specific APR during endotoxemia. Lastly, the APR and CRP expression is blunted in endotoxemic p50−/− mice. These results demonstrate that the murine hepatocyte innate immune response to endotoxemia includes zone-specific activation of transcription factors and target gene expression. These results support further study of zone-specific hepatocyte innate immunity and its role in the development of various disease states.
Fungsi ASEAN Intergovernmental Commision on Human Rights (AICHR) Dalam Perlindungan HAM Di Wilayah Domestik Myanmar
Authors: Pelupessy Christa Delani , Wattimena Josina Augustina Yvonne , Leatemia Wilshen 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Human rights have not been of particular concern at the inception of ASEAN. Until then, there were several cases of human rights violations that occurred in the ASEAN region.Purposes of the Research: The aim of this writing is to study and delve the Role of AICHR in protecting Human Rights in domestic Myanmar. Methods of the Research: The method used is a normative juridical research method using statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.Results of the Research: The results obtained from the research, it is proven that ASEAN Integovernmental Commission AICHR has fulfilled its function to protect Human Rights conflict in domestic Myanmar. AICHR seeks to obtain information on Human Rights violations occured in the domestic territory of Myanmar, and apply regular approach as well in dealing with issue of Human Rights violations in Myanmar which considered to be the function of AICHR Commission. The efforts managed by AICHR to protect Human Rights in Myanmar domestic territory are conducting consultations and discussions with the state of Myanmar, and holding workshops to discuss Human Rights violations on regional level together with ASEAN member countries for any Human Rights violations occured in Myanmar's domestic territory. AICHR endeavour to comply with ASEAN Principles poured in the ASEAN Charter, abides The Principle of Respect for State Sovereignty and The Principle of Non-Intervention.
Hubungan Hukum Antara Rentenir Dan Debitur Sebagai Peminjam Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
Authors: Iha Siti Fatima , Tjoanda Merry , Pariela Marselo Valentino Geovani 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The law of treaties in Indonesia is open, namely the granting of the widest possible freedom to anyone to make agreements with the content and nature as desired, as long as they do not violate the law, public order, and morality.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to be able to find out and explain how the form of the legal relationship between debtors as borrowers and moneylenders in the Civil Code, and to be able to find out and explain how the form of problem solving if the debtor breaks his promise. Methods of the Research: The method used in this study is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The legal material is analyzed qualitatively in order to answer the problems studied.Results of the Research: Based on the results of the study, it shows that the first problem is the legal relationship between debtors as borrowers and moneylenders is a legal relationship between borrowing and borrowing money, this legal relationship is included in a two-sided legal relationship, namely a legal relationship between two parties accompanied by rights and obligations on each party, both parties each party has the authority/right to request something from the other party, on the other hand, each party is also obliged to give something to the other party. The second problem solving the problem if the debtor breaks his promise is by going through the courts, the loan shark can give a summons to the debtor first or through consensus deliberation by negotiating or negotiating between the two parties, the debtor can request an extension of the time for paying debts to the moneylender.
Penyalahgunaan Pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Pemerintah Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 6 Tahun 2010
Authors: Kehi Stefanus , Nirahua Salmon Eliazer Marthen , Tita Heillen Martha Yosephine 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Motor vehicle tax is one type of tax that is increasing, in line with the needs of the state. In Law number 28 of 2009, concerning regional taxes and levies, it is explained that motor vehicle tax is a tax on ownership and control of motorized vehicles. The Maluku Provincial Government in responding to the authority given to manage finances issued Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2010 concerning Motor Vehicle Taxes.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze, as well as review and discuss the misuse of government Motor Vehicle Tax based on regional Regulation No. 6 of 2010. Methods of the Research: The research method that is used with the type of normative research, in this writing is used to approach the problem of legislation and conceptual approach. Furthermore, the legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Procedures and collection of legal materials through the study of literature and processing of legal materials analysis, analysis is carried out using a description method using qualitative methods.Results of the Research: The results showed that the government Motor Vehicle Tax that occurs in the scope of Maluku province is the occurrence of abuse. This can be seen clearly in the case under review where one DPRD Office official did not replace the lat of the government vehicle number he bought from the local government. With the mode that by still using black motor vehicle license plates in order to pay less tax than other motor vehicles that have black license plates. Furthermore, it cannot be directly said that the taxpayer's fault, but also from the office in this case the Maluku Provincial Revenue Service which regulates government Motor Vehicle Tax.
SURKHAN OASIS IN B.H. KARMISHEVA’S RESEARCH ETHNIC DESCRIPTION OF “YUZ” TRIBES
Authors: Turaev Sherzod 
Published: March 2023

The article provides an example of a study by the ethnographer, Turkologist B. Kh. Karmisheva on ethnic education, division, location and ethnic history of the person in the Surkhandarya oasis. The Uzbek people are considered ethnically diverse, and in the Surkhandarya oasis, known as an ethnographic region, the Yuz tribe had a great influence. In particular, it was revealed that a hundred seeds were played an important role in the social life of the Surkhandarya oasis at the beginning of the 19th-20th centuries, distribution areas, the composition of hundreds of seeds, and their close connection with the Surkhandarya people.
Impact of Russia and Ukraine War on the Global Economy
Authors: Bodan Kateryna 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The study sought to investigate the impact of Russia and Ukraine war on the global economy.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The study concluded that wars and military conflicts drastically reduce the trade among adversaries via embargos or consumers' patriotism, however, after the cessation of immediate military threats and no tension predicted in the future, the trade will slowly recover. Moreover the current Russia Ukraine war is set to dramatically alter the trade of energy, oil, raw supplies and, components and raise the hesitancy of Western consumers. The increased imposition of sanctions has impacted the supply significantly. The opportunity cost of military investment, the humanitarian loss of the financial system, and the burden of repairing post-war damage are vast
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was informed by relative n theory, future studies could benefit from this theory especially in other research context. The study recommended that, Ukraine needs an integrated approach in order to solve all economic and social problems in the country. Only integrated approach will allow to use available Ukrainian resources and advanced European experience to provide economic and social stability of the country.