bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD68 Antigen and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rahmanian Abdolkarim , Salehi Ahmad , Kamali-Sarvestani Eskandar , Ahrari Iman , Mohamadhoseini Ehsan , Jamali Mohammad , Ghahramani Sulmaz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Intracranial aneurysms are more commonly associated with inflammation as a cause of their development, progression, and rupture. Macrophages and other cells can express the CD68 antigen. The aim of this study was to assess the CD68 antigen levels in cerebral aneurysm (CA) patients compared to a control group at a referral center in Iran.
Methods A case-control investigation was undertaken on 88 individuals (44 of whom were cases and 44 were controls). Individuals with CA as the case group consisted of 28 ruptured and 16 unruptured subgroups. Clinical, radiographic, and CD68 levels were evaluated and registered.
Results The average age of the participants was 49 years. Males comprised 43.2% of the patients, while 56.8% were females (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in the CD68 levels between the two groups. There was no significant difference (p = 0.42) between the ruptured and unruptured subgroups (23.66 and 20.47, respectively) in this comparison. No significant correlation was seen between the patients' CD68 and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) levels and their aneurysm diameter (p = 0.74 and 0.45, respectively). A link between CD68 levels and age was found, but it was not statistically significant (r = 0.44 and p = 0.002).
Conclusions A possible involvement of CD68 as an inflammatory agent in the development of CAs but not in aneurysm rupture has been suggested. Inflammation and CD68 were positively associated with age. The CD68 antigen should be studied further in population-based cohort studies.
Staphylococcus aureus
chronic intramammary infections in dairy cows: Pathogen-specific characteristics
Authors: Calvinho Luis F. , Dallard Bibiana E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the main causes of mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. The most common form of the disease is characterized by chronic subclinical infection with sporadic clinical episodes that can persist throughout the life of the animal. Once infection evolves to chronicity, the bacteriological cure rate following classic antibiotic therapy is low and persistently infected cows become the main reservoir of the organism in a dairy herd. The establishment and persistence of
S. aureus
intramammary infection (IMI) has been associated with certain characteristics of the pathogen that allow it to evade the immune response or induce a deficient immune response that is unable to eliminate the pathogen. The main pathogen characteristics that have been suggested to be linked to
S. aureus
persistence in the bovine mammary gland (MG), include the capacity to invade cells and/or survive intracellularly and to form biofilms, the capsular polysaccharides (CP) production, the ability to form small colony variants (SCVs), the accessory gene regulator (
agr
) type of the strain and the capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge about the most relevant pathogen-specific characteristics that are associated with the establishment and chronicity of
S. aureus
IMI. A better understanding of these pathogen characteristics will allow for the development of intervention strategies aimed at improving different aspects of the control of this disease, including diagnostic methods, therapeutics and modulation of the host immune response.
Error-mitigated quantum computing of Heisenberg spin chain dynamics
Authors: Lötstedt Erik , Wang Lidong , Yoshida Ryuhei , Zhang Youyuan , Yamanouchi Kaoru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We simulate the time-dependent dynamics of a three-site spin chain described by the Heisenberg XXX Hamiltonian. The quantum circuit representing the time-dependent wave function is constructed using the Suzuki-Trotter approximation, and is executed on the quantum computer ibm_kawasaki. At each time step, the density matrix of the three-qubit state is reconstructed by state tomography. By applying four different mitigation methods, Clifford data regression, Pauli twirling, density matrix purification, and density matrix orthogonalization, we demonstrate that accurate time-dependent populations and density matrices can be calculated on noisy superconducting-qubit type quantum computers.
Assessment of structural, physical properties as well as radiation safety competence of lithium borate glass-ceramics: Experimental and theoretical evaluation
Authors: Ekinci Neslihan , Alsaif Norah A M , Aygün Bunyamin , Sarıtaş Sevda , Kalecik Sedanur , Rammah Y S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Samples of lithium borate glass-ceramics with a composition of 40Li2B4O7 + xBi2O3 + (55-x) ZrO4 + 5CaWO4 (x = 10–50 wt%) have been fabricated via ordinary melt quenching route. The physical and structural features have been investigated. Radiation shielding competence has been examined experimentally using an Ultra Ge detector with the 133Ba (3 Ci) radioisotope source and theoretically via EpiXS software. X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of the B1 sample has large crystal particle sizes. However, the structure with the smallest amount of ZrO4 and the largest amount of Bi2O3 has become completely amorphous (sample B5). The density of the synthesized samples were noticed to change between 4.70 to 5.99 g cm−3 for B1 and B5 samples, respectively. The B5 sample with high density possessed the highest mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) among other samples. There is an agreement between experimental and theoretical data. The trend of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is the same as that of the MAC. At any certain energy, the half-value layer (HVL) is arranged as; (HVL)B5 > (T1/2)B4 > (T1/2)B3 > (T1/2)B2 > (T1/2)B1. The mean free path (MFP) of the investigated samples is similar to that of the HVL. The recommended glass ceramics can be used as radiation shielding materials.
What is flat ΛCDM, and may we choose it?
Authors: Anselmi Stefano , Carney Matthew F. , Giblin John T. , Kumar Saurabh , Mertens James B. , O'Dwyer Marcio , Starkman Glenn D. , Tian Chi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Universe is neither homogeneous nor isotropic, but it is close enough that we can reasonably approximate it as such on suitably large scales.
The inflationary-Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) concordance cosmology builds on these assumptions to describe the origin and evolution of fluctuations. With standard assumptions about stress-energy sources, this system is specified by just seven phenomenological parameters,
whose precise relations to underlying fundamental theories are complicated and may depend on details of those fields.
Nevertheless, it is common practice to set the parameter that characterizes the spatial curvature, Ω
K
, exactly to zero.
This parameter-fixed ΛCDM is awarded distinguished status as separate model, “flat ΛCDM.” Ipso facto this places the onus on proponents of “curved ΛCDM” to present sufficient evidence that Ω
K
≠ 0, and is needed as a parameter.
While certain inflationary model Lagrangians, with certain values of their parameters, and certain initial conditions, will lead to a present-day universe well-described as containing zero curvature, this does not justify distinguishing that subset of Lagrangians, parameters and initial conditions into a separate model.
Absent any theoretical arguments, we cannot use observations that suggest small Ω
K
to enforce Ω
K
= 0.
Our track record in picking inflationary models and their parameters a priori makes such a choice dubious, and
concerns about tensions in cosmological parameters and large-angle cosmic-microwave-background anomalies strengthens arguments against this choice.
We argue that Ω
K
must not be set to zero, and that ΛCDM remains a phenomenological model with at least 7 parameters.
A 640 × 640 ISFET array for detecting cell metabolism
Authors: Yang Ling , Huang Yizheng , Song Zhigang , Tan Manqing , Yu Yude , Li Zhao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) devices are highly accurate, convenient, fast and low-cost in the detection of ions and biological macromolecules, such as DNA molecules, antibodies, enzymatic substrates and cellular metabolites. For high-throughput cell metabolism detection, we successfully designed a very large-scale biomedical sensing application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with a 640 × 640 ISFET array. The circuit design is highly integrated by compressing the size of a pixel to 7.4 × 7.4 μm2 and arranging the layout of even and odd columns in an interdigital pattern to maximize the utilization of space. The chip can operate at a speed of 2.083M pixels/s and the dynamic process of the fluid flow on the surface of the array was monitored through ion imaging. The pH sensitivity is 33 ± 4 mV/pH and the drift rate is 0.06 mV/min after 5 h, indicating the stability and robustness of the chip. Moreover, the chip was applied to monitor pH changes in CaSki cells metabolism, with pH shifting from 8.04 to 7.40 on average. This platform has the potential for continuous and parallel monitoring of cell metabolism in single-cell culture arrays.
A new grid stimulus with subtle flicker perception for user-friendly SSVEP-based BCIs
Authors: Ming Gege , Zhong Hui , Pei Weihua , Gao Xiaorong , Wang Yijun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. The traditional uniform flickering stimulation pattern shows strong steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses and poor user experience with intense flicker perception. To achieve a balance between performance and comfort in SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems, this study proposed a new grid stimulation pattern with reduced stimulation area and low spatial contrast. Approach. A spatial contrast scanning experiment was conducted first to clarify the relationship between the SSVEP characteristics and the signs and values of spatial contrast. Four stimulation patterns were involved in the experiment: the ON and OFF grid stimulation patterns that separately activated the positive or negative contrast information processing pathways, the ON–OFF grid stimulation pattern that simultaneously activated both pathways, and the uniform flickering stimulation pattern that served as a control group. The contrast-intensity and contrast-user experience curves were obtained for each stimulation pattern. Accordingly, the optimized stimulation schemes with low spatial contrast (the ON-50% grid stimulus, the OFF-50% grid stimulus, and the Flicker-30% stimulus) were applied in a 12-target and a 40-target BCI speller and compared with the traditional uniform flickering stimulus (the Flicker-500% stimulus) in the evaluation of BCI performance and subjective experience. Main results. The OFF-50% grid stimulus showed comparable online performance (12-target, 2 s: 69.87 ± 0.74 vs. 69.76 ± 0.58 bits min−1, 40-target, 4 s: 57.02 ± 2.53 vs. 60.79 ± 1.08 bits min−1) and improved user experience (better comfortable level, weaker flicker perception and higher preference level) compared to the traditional Flicker-500% stimulus in both multi-targets BCI spellers. Significance. Selective activation of the negative contrast information processing pathway using the new OFF-50% grid stimulus evoked robust SSVEP responses. On this basis, high-performance and user-friendly SSVEP-based BCIs have been developed and implemented, which has important theoretical significance and application value in promoting the development of the visual BCI technology.
Patient specific intracranial neural signatures of obsessions and compulsions in the ventral striatum
Authors: Fridgeirsson Egill A , Bais Melisse N , Eijsker Nadine , Thomas Rajat M , Smit Dirk J A , Bergfeld Isidoor O , Schuurman P Richard , van den Munckhof Pepijn , de Koning Pelle , Vulink Nienke , Figee Martijn , Mazaheri Ali , van Wingen Guido A , Denys Damiaan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A new generation of stimulators hold promise for closed loop stimulation, with adaptive stimulation in response to biologic signals. Here we aimed to discover a suitable biomarker in the ventral striatum in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder using local field potentials. Approach. We induced obsessions and compulsions in 11 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation treatment using a symptom provocation task. Then we trained machine learning models to predict symptoms using the recorded intracranial signal from the deep brain stimulation electrodes. Main results. Average areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve were 62.1% for obsessions and 78.2% for compulsions for patient specific models. For obsessions it reached over 85% in one patient, whereas performance was near chance level when the model was trained across patients. Optimal performances for obsessions and compulsions was obtained at different recording sites. Significance. The results from this study suggest that closed loop stimulation may be a viable option for obsessive-compulsive disorder, but that intracranial biomarkers are patient and not disorder specific.

Clinical Trial: Netherlands trial registry NL7486.
Dirac Equation with Morse Potential under the Influence of Position-Dependent Mass and Local Fermi Velocity
Authors: Bagchi B , Ghosh R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We solve the one-dimensional Dirac equation by taking into account the possibility of position-dependence in the mass function. We also take the Fermi velocity to act as a local variable and examine the combined effects of the two on the solvability of the Dirac equation with respect to the Morse potential. Our results for the wave functions and the energy levels corresponding to such an extended scheme are furnished in closed forms.
9 × 4 = 6 × 6: Understanding the Quantum Solution to Euler’s Problem of 36 Officers
Authors: Życzkowski K , Bruzda W , Rajchel-Mieldzioć G , Burchardt A , Ahmad Rather S , Lakshminarayan A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The famous combinatorial problem of Euler concerns an arrangement of 36 officers from six different regiments in a 6×6 square array. Each regiment consists of six officers each belonging to one of six ranks. The problem, originating from Saint Petersburg, requires that each row and each column of the array contains only one officer of a given rank and given regiment. Euler observed that such a configuration does not exist. In recent work, we constructed a solution to a quantum version of this problem assuming that the officers correspond to superpositions of quantum states. In this paper, we explain the solution which is based on a partition of 36 officers into nine groups, each with four elements. The corresponding quantum states are locally equivalent to maximally entangled two-qubit states, hence each quantum officer is represented by a superposition of at most 4 classical states. The entire quantum combinatorial design involves 9 Bell bases in nine complementary 4–dimensional subspaces.
Quantum Mechanics and Classical Optics: New Ways to Combine Classical and Quantum Methods
Authors: Konrad T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Quantum Mechanics and classical optics feature similar phenomena such as superposition, interference and even entanglement. Hence, techniques from optics can be used in quantum mechanics and vice versa. In this article I address the question: What can we learn from formulating optics in the language of quantum mechanics? It is argued that the solutions of the wave equations for the electromagnetic field form a tensor product of Hilbert spaces corresponding to the degrees of freedom of classical light. Therefore, it comprises non-separable solutions reminiscent of entanglement. Moreover, the two spatial degrees of freedom each carry non-commuting position and momentum variables forming a Heisenberg algebra like quantum particles moving in a two dimensional space. An analogy between the dynamics of a quantum harmonic oscillator and paraxial light propagating through a converging lens is drawn. This article presents a modern formulation of optics in the language of state vectors and operators (based on Dirac’s notation) along the lines of an earlier contribution [1], specifying and explaining its results.
A Curriculum of Table-Top Quantum Optics Experiments to Teach Quantum Physics
Authors: Galvez E J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rise of quantum information as a viable technology requires appropriate instructional curricula for preparing a future workforce. Key concepts that are the basis of quantum information involve fundamentals of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, entanglement and measurement. To complement modern initiatives to teach quantum physics to the emerging workforce, lab experiences are needed. We have developed a curriculum of quantum optics experiments to teach quantum mechanics fundamentals and quantum algebra. These laboratories provide hands-on experimentation of optical components on a table-top. We have also created curricular materials, manuals, tutorials, parts and price lists for instructors. Automation of the apparatus offers the flexibility of using the apparatus remotely and for giving access to a greater number of students with a single setup.
New Families of Complex Hyperbolic-Secant Refractive-Index Profiles through the Factorization Method
Authors: Bocanegra I 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
New families of complex-valued refractive-index profiles of the hyperbolic-secant type are constructed by means of the factorization method. These are included in the class of widely-studied PT-symmetric ones and are a generalization of the well-known (real-valued) hyperbolic-secant refractive-index profiles. Also, the analytic expressions for the corresponding modal fields are obtained and the interlacing of the zeroes of the real and imaginary parts is elucidated. In addition, a bi-orthogonal description of these modal fields is given, as the related differential operators are non-Hermitian. In turn, this allows to establish the orthogonality of eigenmodes in a similar way as it is done in the Hermitian case.
An Algorithm to Obtain the Probability Oscillation of the Neutrino from the Atmosphere with a Layer Model of the Earth
Authors: López-Lima C , Villegas Rueda V L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The neutrino oscillation probability behavior traveling from the source in the atmosphere, its propagation through the Earth and its detection are shown using Earth Layers model by atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis. Neutrino oscillation plots are generated from a developed computacional code, considering the influence or not of the atmosphere.
RPC-based Muon Identification System for the neutrino detector of the SHiP experiment
Authors: Albanese R. , Alexandrov A. , Buontempo S. , Choi K.-Y. , Congedo L. , de Asmundis R. , De Lellis G. , de Magistris M. , De Robertis G. , De Serio M. , Debernardis F. , Di Crescenzo A. , Fini R.A. , Fresa R. , Galati G. , Golovatiuk A. , van Herwijnen E. , Iaselli G. , Iuliano A. , Jo Y. , Kang M. , Kim Y.G. , Kim S.H. , Ko J.-W. , Lauria A. , Lee K.S. , Lee K.Y. , Loschiavo V.P. , Miano A. , Montesi M.C. , Park B.D. , Pastore A. , Prota A. , Quercia A. , Ruf T. , Simone S. , Sohn J.Y. , Tioukov V. , Visone C. , Woo J.-K. , Yoon C.S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The SHiP experiment has been proposed at CERN to shed light
on phenomena still unexplained in the framework of the Standard
Model, such as the nature of dark matter, the baryonic asymmetry of
the Universe and the neutrino oscillations, searching for hints of
New Physics. A section of the detector will be dedicated to the
study of neutrino physics with special emphasis on tau neutrino
properties, still very poorly measured. A system to identify the
muons produced in neutrino interactions, based on RPC technology,
has been proposed and it is presented in detail in this paper.
Soil microbial respiration adapts to higher and longer warming experiments at the global scale
Authors: Yang Lu , Pan Junxiao , Wang Jinsong , Tian Dashuan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , Hu Jian , Yang Wen , Yan Yingjie , Ma Fangfang , Chen Weinan , Quan Quan , Wang Peiyan , Niu Shuli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Warming can affect soil microbial respiration by changing microbial biomass and community composition. The responses of soil microbial respiration to warming under experimental conditions are also related to background conditions and the experimental setup, such as warming magnitude, duration, and methods. However, the global pattern of soil microbial respiration in response to warming and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of the response of soil microbial respiration to warming by synthesizing data from 187 field experiments. We found that experimental warming significantly increased soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon by 11.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The warming-induced increase in microbial carbon decomposition was positively correlated with increased microbial biomass carbon, but not community composition. Moreover, the positive response of soil microbial respiration marginally increased with warming magnitude, particularly in short-term experiments, but soil microbial respiration adapted to higher warming at longer timescales. Warming method did not significantly affect the response of microbial respiration, except for a significant effect with open top chamber warming. In addition, the impact of warming on soil microbial respiration was more pronounced in wetter sites and in sites with lower soil pH and higher soil organic carbon. Our findings suggest that warming stimulates microbial respiration mainly by increasing microbial biomass carbon. We also highlight the importance of the combination of warming magnitude and duration in regulating soil microbial respiration responses, and the dependence of warming effects upon background precipitation and soil conditions. These findings can advance our understanding of soil carbon losses and carbon-climate feedbacks in a warm world.
Classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation
Authors: Clarkson Peter A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation are classified, which include hierarchies of algebraic solutions and solutions expressible in terms of Bessel functions. Solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation are known to be expressible in terms of solutions of the third Painlevé equation. The classification and description of the classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation is done using the Hamiltonian associated with third Painlevé equation. Two applications of these classical solutions are discussed, deriving exact solutions of the complex sine-Gordon equation and of the coefficients in the three-term recurrence relation associated with generalised Charlier polynomials.