bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are hip fracture patients with high or low body mass index at higher risk of missed care? A cohort study
Authors: Pedersen Nanna Sofie Astrup , Mechlenburg Inger , kristensen Pia Kjær 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo examine whether patients' body mass index is associated with missed hip fracture care consistent with national guideline‐recommended care.DesignA nationwide, population‐based cohort study using prospectively collected data from the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry.MethodsThe study population consisted of 39,835 patients ≥65 years admitted with a hip fracture and discharged between 1st of January 2012 and 29th of November 2017. National guideline‐recommended care consists of preoperative optimization, early surgery, mobilization within 24 h, basic mobility assessment, nutrition screening, post‐discharge rehabilitation program, and osteoporotic and fall prophylaxis. We used binomial regression to estimate the relative risk for the fulfilment of the individual measures with 95% confidence interval. Multiple imputation method was applied to handle missing values of body mass index.ResultsThe overall fulfilment of the individual measures ranged from 43% for pre‐operative optimization to 95% for receiving a post‐discharge rehabilitation program. The obese patients had a lower fulfilment of surgery within 36 h compared to patients with normal weight. No differences in fulfilment of the other measures were found. However, patients with missing data on body mass index had the highest risk of missed care. In conclusion, patients with missing BMI values had the highest risk of missed care. The obese patients had a slightly higher risk of long waiting times for surgery than normal‐weighted patients.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study was done based on population‐based data from medical registries and data was analysed by the authors only.
Experiences of transitions in daily life for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: An interpretive description
Authors: Holmström Rising Malin , Söderberg Siv 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to explore and describe the experiences of parents whose children have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the transitions of daily life. T1D is a long‐term illness, and parents of children with T1D often become informal caregivers and face many challenges in their daily lives. A qualitative study design, in line with interpretive description, was used, and a sample of 10 parents of children with T1D participated in individual interviews. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used. The interviews were analyzed using interpretive descriptions. The analysis resulted in one main theme: “The realization of having taken ‘daily life’ for granted and having to accept a new reality,” with six themes showing different transitions in the parents' daily lives, including transitions in daily life patterns, parenthood, in relationships with family and friends, relationships with school personnel, relationships with healthcare personnel, and in knowledge and learning about the illness. Parents experienced multifaceted changes that affected their lives, as shown by the six identified transitions. Being the parent of a child with T1D implies a new reality with complex, irreversible life changes that may be unknown and unspoken to healthcare professionals and society. Healthcare systems, school personnel, and society at large need to improve their knowledge regarding parents' situations to better support them in embracing a new reality for themselves and their children long after the onset of T1D.
Estimated minimum prices and lowest available national prices for antiobesity medications: Improving affordability and access to treatment
Authors: Levi Jacob , Wang Junzheng , Venter Francois , Hill Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveNovel antiobesity treatments are highly effective in recent clinical trials. Access to these medications is needed to supplement lifestyle and surgical interventions for millions living with obesity worldwide, but high prices are limiting. This study aimed to review current treatment costs and calculate potential estimated minimum prices (EMPs).MethodsThe authors searched national drug price databases across various countries for orlistat, naltrexone‐bupropion, topiramate‐phentermine, liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide. EMPs for antiobesity medications were calculated using established methodology, using active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) from the Panjiva database. EMPs were calculated per 30‐day course and include costs of active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients, formulation, taxation, and 10% profit margin.ResultsNational prices of antiobesity medications were significantly higher than calculated EMPs. Semaglutide 30‐day course prices ranged from $804 (United States) to $95 (Turkey) while the EMP was $40. Liraglutide prices ranged from $1418 (United States) to $252 (Norway) while the EMP was $50. Some oral treatments could be generically manufactured at very low costs per course ($7 for orlistat; $5 for phentermine/topiramate combination tablets), while naltrexone/bupropion was more expensive ($54).ConclusionsThis study shows that certain weight loss treatments can be manufactured and sold profitably at low costs, but prices currently range widely between countries, limiting access for those in need.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Effects on Psychophysical Olfactory Scores: Prospective Study With Evaluation Before and 60‐Days After Infection
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jerome R. , Salzano Giovanni , Maglitto Fabio , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Hopkins Claire , De Riu Giacomo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the olfactory function in a series of individuals infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and who had undergone psychophysical olfactory assessment prior to infection. Individuals unexposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection underwent a psychophysical evaluation of smell with the Sniffin' Sticks test. The subjects were followed prospectively and included in the study if they developed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with a second test 60 days after recovery. At the 60‐day follow‐up of the 41 included subjects, 2 (4.9%) self‐reported persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD). The differences between TDI scores before and after infection were statistically significant (37 [interquartile range (IQR), 34.25‐39.25] vs 34.75 [IQR, 32.25‐38]; p = .021). Analyzing the individual olfactory domains, the differences were significant for threshold (T) (9.75 [IQR, 9‐11.25] vs 8.25 [IQR, 7.25‐10.25]; p = .009) but not for odor discrimination (D) (p = .443) and identification (I) (p = .159). SARS‐CoV‐2 causes a significant reduction in the olfactory function, in particular affecting the olfactory threshold, even in subjects who do not self‐report an OD.
One‐Year Hearing Preservation and Speech Outcomes Comparing Slim Modiolar and Lateral Wall Arrays
Authors: Zhan Kevin Y. , Walia Amit , Durakovic Nedim , Wick Cameron C. , Buchman Craig A. , Shew Matthew A. , Herzog Jacques A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveCompare postoperative speech outcomes in hearing preservation (HP) cochlear implantation (CI) patients with a low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA) ≤ 60 dB using 2 electrode array designs.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLarge academic cochlear implant referral center.MethodsWe reviewed adult HP CI cases using either the slim modiolar electrode (SME) (CI 532/CI 632) or th slim lateral wall electrode (SLWE) (CI 624). One‐year speech outcomes and HP status were the primary outcomes.ResultsA total of 132 implanted ears were analyzed (mean age 73.1 years, standard deviation [SD] 12.6), with 72% (N = 95) with CI 532/632 and 28% (N = 37) with CI 624. The mean preoperative LFPTA was 44.8 dB, SD 11.8. One‐year functional HP was 27.2% (mean LFPTA shift 46.1 dB, SD 22.1) and was as follows: SME 23.9% and SLWE 36.4%, p = .168. The mean age at implantation was significantly younger only in SLWE patients with preserved hearing (66.9 vs 80.3 years, p = .008). At 6 months, speech measures were significantly better in all outcomes in HP patients with an SLWE than nonpreserved SLWE patients; this effect abated at 1 year as performance among nonpreserved SLWE patients became equivalent to the remaining cohort. Speech outcomes in SME patients were similar regardless of HP status. Age at implantation and datalogging was correlated with speech outcomes.ConclusionIn this cohort of HP patients, a 1‐year functional HP rate of 23.9% (SME) and 36.4% (SLWE) was observed (p = 0.168). This was initially 57.1% (SME) and 70.3% (SLWE) at activation, p = .172. Datalogging and age at implantation were correlated with postoperative speech outcomes.
Narrow‐Band Imaging in Transoral Laser Surgery for Early Glottic Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zwakenberg Manon A. , Westra Jeroen M. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Wedman Jan , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. , Plaat Boudewijn E.C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssessing whether the additional use of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) in transoral laser surgery (TOLS) for early laryngeal cancer improves clinical outcomes.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial, performed between September 2015 and November 2022.SettingA tertiary referral hospital in The Netherlands.MethodsTOLS was carried out in 113 patients. The procedure was performed with white light imaging (WLI, n = 56) alone, or combined with NBI (n = 57). Patients received frequent follow‐up laryngoscopy. Resection margin status, recurrence rate, and recurrence‐free survival at 12 months, 18 months, and after study termination (maximum 86 months) were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐one cases in the WLI group had a positive resection margin, versus 16 in the NBI group (p = .002). After 12 months, the recurrence‐free survival was 92%: 87% for WLI versus 96% for NBI, p = .07. The recurrence rate was 7/56 (13%) for WLI, versus 2/57 (4%) for NBI, p = .09. After 18 months, the recurrence‐free survival was 84% for WLI versus 96% for NBI, p = .02. The recurrence rate was 9/56 (16%) for WLI, versus 2/57 (4%) for NBI, p = .02. After study termination, the recurrence‐free survival was 71% for WLI versus 83% for the NBI group (p = .08). The recurrence rate was 16/56 for WLI, versus 10/57 for NBI (p = .16).ConclusionThe additional use of NBI during TOLS significantly decreased the number of positive resection margins. Although not statistically significant at all time points, patients treated with NBI‐supported TOLS showed a lower recurrence rate and better recurrence‐free survival. Further studies in larger patient groups are needed to confirm these results.
Hierarchical engineering of boron nitride nanosheets to reveal ignition mode of action of epoxy
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Xiao‐Die , Li Jifeng , Ran Zi‐Mou , Lira Sara Isabel Montero , Wang De‐Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the manuscript, the coupled parameters to influence ignition mode of charring epoxy thermoset (EP) were systematically revealed by comparative experiments and simulation. Aiming to incorporating physical variables of heat conductivity (k), specific heat capacity (c) and chemical variable of thermal‐oxidation degradation, thermally exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets were hierarchically engineered via bioinspired manipulation. Ignition time (tig) was studied in cone calorimeter test, accompanied by the in situ temperature detection and finite‐element temperature simulation. The comparative study disclosed that the physical parameters (k and c) exerted a dominant effect at the heating stage. The thermal‐oxidation degradation took effect at the determination of composition and concentration of volatiles (pertaining to ignition temperature). The pyrolyzed depth served as the bridge to connect physical and chemical aspects. The study revealed the dominant role of physical parameters in determining tig compared with chemical parameters. The concentration of volatiles was more critical than their composition. The multi‐scale structure and property relationship was established. Additionally, the changed oxygen atmospheres exerted a significant impact on piloted ignition via tailoring chemical factor. In perspective, the work will reveal a more clear understanding and modulation of ignition safety via a rational nanoscale strategy toward thermosetting polymers.
The extracellular matrix landscape in salivary gland carcinomas is defined by cellular differentiation via expression of three distinct protein modules
Authors: Arolt Christoph , Hoffmann Franziska , Nachtsheim Lisa , Mayer Marcel , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Buettner Reinhard , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Klussmann Jens Peter , Hillmer Axel , Quaas Alexander , Klein Sebastian , Wolber Philipp 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral part of the tumor microenvironment of carcinomas. Even though salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) display a range of tumor cell differentiation and distinct extracellular matrices, their ECM landscape has not been characterized in depth. The ECM composition of 89 SGC primaries, 14 metastases, and 25 normal salivary gland tissues was assessed using deep proteomic profiling. Machine learning algorithms and network analysis were used to detect tumor groups and protein modules that explain specific ECM landscapes. Multimodal in situ studies to validate exploratory findings and to infer a putative cellular origin of ECM components were applied. We revealed two fundamental SGC ECM classes which align with the presence or absence of myoepithelial tumor differentiation. We describe the SGC ECM through three biologically distinct protein modules that are differentially expressed across ECM classes and cell types. The modules have a distinct prognostic impact on different SGC types. Since targeted therapy is rarely available for SGC, we used the proteomic expression profile to identify putative therapeutic targets. In summary, we provide the first extensive inventory of ECM components in SGC, a difficult‐to‐treat disease that encompasses tumors with distinct cellular differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Total body irradiation‐free haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to related and unrelated donor transplantation in pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mardani Mahta , Behfar Maryam , Jafari Leila , Mohseni Rashin , Naji Parisa , Salajegheh Pouria , Donyadideh Ghazaleh , Hamidieh Amir Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer under the age of 15 years. Despite the recent advances in therapeutic regimens, relapse occurs in 15%–20% of pediatric patients after chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the best treatment option. However, donor availability is one of the major challenges. Over the last decade, haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has evolved as an alternative option. Herein, we aimed to compare the transplant outcomes in pediatric patients receiving total body irradiation (TBI)‐free myeloablative regimens, between non‐HID and HID transplant.Patients and methodsThe study included 60 pediatric ALL patients who had undergone HSCT from October 2016 until September 2020. Forty‐three patients received non‐HID HSCT, while 17 patients received HID. The sources of stem cells (SC) were peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for all the patients. The conditioning regimen was based on busulfan and cyclophosphamide. For graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate in the setting of non‐HID transplantation, where HIDs received post‐transplant cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide.ResultsThe cumulative incidences of 3‐year overall survival (OS) were 73.1%, 66.6%, and 69.5%, for matched sibling donor‐matched related donor (MSD‐MRD), matched unrelated donor‐mismatched unrelated donor (MUD‐MMUD), and HID groups, respectively (p = .85). The cumulative incidences of grade II–IV acute GvHD for the MRD, MUD‐MMUD, and HID groups were 29%, 41%, and 49%, respectively (p = .47). Furthermore, the 3‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was MSD‐MRD: 70% versus MUD‐MMUD: 42% versus HID: 45% (p = .64). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse post transplantation was 45%, 18%, and 45%, respectively, for the MSD‐MRD, MUD‐MMUD, and HID groups, and the differences were not statistically significant (p = .55). There was a higher risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients receiving HID transplants compared to those of non‐HIDs (p < .01).ConclusionOur results indicate that PBSC‐HID transplant outcomes in the setting of non‐TBI conditioning are comparable to those of non‐HIDs in pediatric ALL patients.
Technical advances in the surgical management of Wilms tumors in children
Authors: Romao Rodrigo L. P. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Malek Marcus , Irtan Sabine , Gow Kenneth , Ghandour Khalil , Biasoni David , Davidoff Andrew , Pachl Max 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurgery is one of the cornerstones of Wilms tumor treatment. In this article, we present technical advancements that are finding their way into the armamentarium of pediatric cancer surgeons. We discuss the current approaches, challenges, opportunities, and future directions of minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic and robotics), image‐guided surgery, and fluorescence‐guided surgery. Furthermore, we discuss the use of intraoperative ultrasonography, as well as the use of new techniques to improve the quality of lymph node sampling.
Identification of proteoforms by top‐down proteomics using two‐dimensional low/low pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaulich Philipp T. , Cassidy Liam , Tholey Andreas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn top‐down (TD) proteomics, efficient proteoform separation is crucial to reduce the sample complexity and increase the depth of the analysis. Here, we developed a two‐dimensional low pH/low pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography separation scheme for TD proteomics. The first dimension for offline fractionation was performed using a polymeric reversed‐phase (PLRP‐S) column with trifluoroacetic acid as ion‐pairing reagent. The second dimension, a C4 nanocolumn with formic acid as ion‐pairing reagent, was coupled online with a high‐field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer. For both dimensions several parameters were optimized, such as the adaption of the LC gradients in the second dimension according to the elution time (i.e., fraction number) in the first dimension. Avoidance of elevated temperatures and prolonged exposure to acidic conditions minimized cleavage of acid labile aspartate–proline peptide bonds. Furthermore, a concatenation strategy was developed to reduce the total measurement time. We compared our low/low pH with a previously published high pH (C4, ammonium formate)/low pH strategy and found that both separation strategies led to complementary proteoform identifications, mainly below 20 kDa, with a higher number of proteoforms identified by the low/low pH separation. With the optimized separation scheme, more than 4900 proteoforms from 1250 protein groups were identified in Caco‐2 cells.
Cell Membrane‐Coated AuNPs as a New Biomimetic Platform for ROS Scavenger Provides Cytoprotection from Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Borghei Yasaman‐Sadat , Hosseinkhani Saman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiocompatible nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as cellular antioxidant agents for the improvement of new therapeutics for several and diverse oxidative stress related disorders. Here, it is shown that the biocompatible cell membrane@gold nanoparticle displays catalase‐mimic behavior by decomposing H2O2. This interesting behavior can be used for cell protection against induced oxidative injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS). So, after characterizing this novel biocompatible nanostructure, the protective effect of cell membrane@AuNPs pretreatment in front of a well‐defined oxidative stress‐inducing chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin (Dox) is assessed. Doxorubicin pretreatment significantly reduces the intracellular ROS production. Similarly, a reduction in the levels of DNA oxidative damage, as measured with the AO/EB staining, is also observed. Obtained results would support that this novel nanostructure can show how a pharmacological agent can be used against oxidative stress‐mediated diseases.
Ozone and childhood respiratory health: A primer for US pediatric providers and a call for a more protective standard
Authors: Rosser Franziska , Balmes John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGround level ozone is a potent respiratory toxicant with decades of accumulated data demonstrating respiratory harms to children. Despite the ubiquity of ozone in the United States, impacting both urban and rural communities, the associated harms of exposure to this important air pollutant are often infrequently or inadequately covered during medical training including pulmonary specialization. Thus, many providers caring for children's respiratory health may have limited knowledge of the harms which may result in reduced discussion of ozone pollution during clinical encounters. Further, the current US air quality standard for ozone does not adequately protect children. In this nonsystematic review, we present basic background information for healthcare providers caring for children's respiratory health, review the US process for setting air quality standards, discuss the respiratory harms of ozone for healthy children and those with underlying respiratory disease, highlight the urgent need for a more protective ozone standard to adequately protect children's respiratory health, review impacts of climate change on ozone levels, and provide information for discussion in clinical encounters.
An assessment of the predictive value of low risk criteria for children with intermittent asthma
Authors: Farber Harold J. , Silveira Edwin , Wong Jackson Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent asthma guidelines recommend short acting beta agonist medication (SABA) be used in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid to reduce risk for severe asthma exacerbations. This may not be appropriate for patients at low risk for severe exacerbations.MethodsThis study is a cohort study using computerized claims data from Texas Children's Health Plan. Inclusion criteria were members 1 to <18 years with a diagnosis of asthma in a baseline year between 2016 and 2018 and who had ≤2 SABA canisters or equivalent dispensed, no oral corticosteroid or inhaled corticosteroid dispensing, no asthma hospitalizations, and no asthma emergency department visits in the baseline year. Follow up year outcomes of asthma hospitalizations and emergency department visits were determined for the year following the baseline year.FindingsForty‐five thousand two hundred and thiry health plan members 1 to <18 years met inclusion criteria. The rate of follow up year asthma hospitalization was 1.1 per thousand for those with no baseline SABA dispensing and 1.5 per thousand for those with >0 and ≤2 SABA canister dispensings (p = 0.3). Follow up year Emergency Department visits rates were 14 per thousand and 17 per thousand, respectively (p = 0.08). In analyses adjusted for age group, the follow up year asthma hospitalization rate was not different comparing the 0 SABA to the >0 and ≤2 SABA canister dispensings group (odds ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.81).InterpretationAsthma patients at low risk for severe exacerbations can be identified. This information can be useful to guide treatment decisions.