bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution and Social Determinants of Health throughout U.S. Counties
Authors: Costin Andrea , Clark Ashley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: Environmental factors play a crucial role in the health of the public. Air pollution is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, especially for children. Exposure levels need to be further evaluated relating to the socioeconomic status of residents. This report describes the most recent data on air pollution exposure and available county data on social determinants of health.
Methods:Publicly accessible 2020 data from CountyHealthRankings.com was assessed using Pearson correlations. Air pollution is measured as daily particulate matter at 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter.
Results: No health indicator was found to have a major correlation with air pollution particulate matter. The percent of the population with uninsured children weakly and negatively correlated with air pollution values (R= -0.342, p<0.001). Counties with a larger percentage of Black residents had positive weak correlations with air pollution (R= 0.305, p<0.001). Additionally, life expectancy was weakly and negatively correlated with air pollution particulate matter (R= -0.308, p<0.001). Variables pertaining to various economic factors, age, housing conditions, traffic amount, or poor health were unremarkably correlated with air pollution values.
Discussion: This study strengthens past findings in the population health literature that race is more strongly related to air pollution amount compared to economic status or age. Several social determinants are connected to air pollution and are worthy of further investigation.
Future Directions: The variables assessed may guide public health professionals for future research regarding the intersections between air pollution severity and social determinants of health, particularly racial demographics of counties.
Identification of RNF150 as the hub gene associated with microsatellite instability in gastric cancer
Authors: Pan Jun , Lan Qingzhi , Li Shengbao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive tract malignancy with the sixth and third global incidence and cancer-related deaths, respectively. Microsatellite instability (MSI), account for one of the molecular subtypes of GC, plays an important role in GC and is affected by a sophisticated network of gene interactions. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression pattern and clinical performance of RNF150 in GC patients.
Methods
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was exploited to single out the vital module and core genes in TCGA database. We applied the protein–protein interaction (PPI) and survival analysis to propose and confirm RNF150 as the hub gene. Finally, we utilized IHC to explore the expression pattern of RNF150 in GC patients.
Results
The turquoise module was adopted as core module for the sake of its highest correlation coefficient and higher module significance value. With the highest weight correlation and standard correlation, RNF150 was finally selected as the hub gene for following validation. In validation, data obtained from the test sets showed a lower expression of RNF150 in MSI GC compared to microsatellite stability (MSS) GC. Moreover, survival analysis shows that MSI GC patients with a lower RNF150 expression level displayed a longer OS time. In 10 GC patients, compared with normal gastric tissues, the protein level of RNF150 was virtually upregulated in GC tissue. Furthermore, RNF150 protein level was decreased in MSI GC samples compared to MSS GC samples, which is in accordance with results we obtained in database.
Conclusions
RNF150 was determined and confirmed as a novel biomarker in MSI GC. It is expected to be an auspicious prognostic biomarker for MSI GC patients.
Linking plant lignin components or microbial necromass to soil organic carbon accumulation across different forest types
Authors: Zhu Yiren , Hui Dafeng , Wang Ying-Ping , Liu Feng , Huang Shan , Li Jianling , Zhang Leiyi , Chen Guoyin , Chen Jingwen , Hu Yuanliu , Deng Qi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Slow cycling organic matter such as plant lignin components or microbial necromass play important roles in soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but their relatively importance are rarely quantified or have been under debate in forest ecosystems. While the traditional hypothesis holds that low-quality litter inputs generally favor more SOC accumulation by selectively storing recalcitrant lignin components, an emerging hypothesis highlights high-quality litter inputs effectively promoting more SOC formation due to faster microbial decomposition leading to more necromass products. Here, we compiled and analyzed a global database of plant lignin components (lignin phenols as biomarker; 126 individual sties) and microbial necromass (amino sugars as biomarker; 137 individual sties) together with SOC in surface mineral soils across coniferous, broad-leaved and mixed forests that represent different litter-quality inputs. Results showed that amino sugars were insignificant predictor for SOC variations across different forest types. SOC contents increased with lignin phenols, but lignin phenols were significantly higher in broad-leaved and mixed forests than in coniferous forests. Therefore, our findings challenge both traditional and emerging hypotheses, and provide new insights for future research on the mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilization from plant and microbial pathways.
A time-series analysis of morbidity and mortality of viral hepatitis in Venezuela, 1990–2016
Authors: Rísquez Alejandro , Echezuría Luis , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Viral hepatitis (VH) is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with the level of human development. In recent years, Venezuela has experienced a political, social, and economic crisis and has been impacted by natural disasters that have led to the deterioration of sanitary and health infrastructures modifying the determinants of VH. Despite epidemiological studies conducted in specific regions of the country or in particular populations, the national epidemiological behaviour of VH remains unclear.
Methods
This is a time series study involving records of morbidity and mortality by HV in Venezuela reported during the period from 1990 to 2016. The Venezuelan population was taken as the denominator of the morbidity and mortality rates, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics and the 2016 population projections from the latest census published on the website of the responsible Venezuelan agency.
Results
During the study period, 630,502 cases and 4,679 deaths from VH in Venezuela were analysed. Most of the cases (n = 457,278; 72.6%) were classified as unspecific VH (UVH). The deaths were mainly attributed to VHB (n = 1,532; 32.7%), UVH (n = 1,287; 27.5%), and sequelae of VH (n = 977; 20.8%). The mean rates of cases and deaths from VH in the country were 95 ± 40.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.7 ± 0.1 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, showing a large dispersion that is evident from the calculation of the coefficients of variation. We document a strong correlation between UVH and VHA cases (0.77, p < 0.01). VHB mortality rate was very strongly correlated with sequelae of VH (–0.9, p < 0.01).
Conclusions
VH is a major burden of morbidity and mortality in Venezuela with an endemic-epidemic trend and an intermediate prevalence for VHA, VHB, and VHC. Epidemiological information is not published in a timely manner and diagnostic tests are insufficient in primary health services. There is an urgent need to resume epidemiological surveillance of VH and to optimise the classification system for a better understanding of UVH cases and deaths due to sequelae of VHB and VHC.
Manifestation of high endogenous heparinization in postpartum hemorrhage patient using thromboelastography: New avenue of coagulopathy monitoring
Authors: Tian Yan , Fei He , Ji Changfu , Lai Dong , Weng Ching-Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide which leads to massive blood loss. Coagulation abnormalities in response to severe trauma or infection are a latent cause that might aggravate PPH.
Case presentation:
A 39-week menolipsis of a 26-year-old puerpera appeared lacking amniotic fluid and uterine infection after examination. During the cesarean section, the patient manifested fever, massive hemorrhage, and shock. The low coagulation of the PPH patient was diagnosed by thromboelastography (TEG) guided with heparinase (type I). According to the sequential monitoring via the TEG guided assay, the coagulopathy and hyper-heparinization were obviously shown. Concurrent protamine correction for the patient’s coagulation abnormality gradually resulted in a stable condition after 4 hours of emergent treatment. This setting revealed that TEG-guided determination of endogenous heparin and subsequent infusion of protamine effectively reversed the syndrome of PPH.
Conclusions
This is an investigation of the PPH syndrome with infection patient recommends that hyper-endogenous heparinization should be clinically taken into consideration for low coagulation.
Ferulic acid attenuates panrceaticobiliary duct occlusion induced inflammation in both pancreas and liver
Authors: Cilingir Sumeyye , Açıkel-Elmas Merve , Arbak Serap , Kolgazi Meltem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the hyperactivation of digestion enzymes and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Ferulic acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative that has recently been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Aim: The anti-inflammatory effects of FA were investigated in the pancreaticobiliary duct ligation (PBDL)–induced pancreatitis model.
Methods: Wistar albino rats (250–300 g; female=male) were divided into sham operation and PBDL groups. Some PBDL-performed animals were given intragastric saline or 250 mg/kg FA or 500 mg/kg FA 30 minutes before the PBDL and for 3 consecutive days. Moreover, the sham group received saline. Blood samples are collected at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours to measure serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, liver, and pancreatic enzyme. At the 72nd hour, rats were euthanized; pancreas, lung, and liver samples were collected, scored microscopically, and analyzed for myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels. One-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: FA treatment reduced myeloperoxidase activity and prevented the depletion of glutathione in all three tissues. With FA treatments, high malondialdehyde levels in the pancreas and liver were reduced, as were serum TNF- α, amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels. Additionally, FA ameliorated microscopic damage in the pancreas and liver significantly.
Conclusion: According to the findings, FA protects endogenous antioxidant content, prevents neutrophil infiltration, and decreases lipid peroxidation in PBDL-induced pancreatitis. Furthermore, FA improves tissue damage induced by pancreatitis with its anti-inflammatory effects.
Addressing barriers in utilization and provisioning of obstetric care services (OCS) in India: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Singh Sushmita , Rajak Rahul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the reduction in the maternal mortality ratio, Obstetric care service (OCS) barriers remain the significant risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in India. This review is relevant because it covers all three obstetric care components (ANC, child delivery, and PNC services) and identifies multiple barriers from provisioning to utilization of OCS in India. We conducted a systematic review to address the barriers in utilization and provisioning of OCS in India using a mixed-method review.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Science direct databases were searched from 1st January 2000 to 30th June 2022. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools. We have included 56 studies (33 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 5 mixed method studies) after 164 full texts review. All the barriers are classified into five major themes, i.e. (i) individual and interpersonal barriers, (ii) social and cultural barriers, (iii) structural barriers, (iv) logistical barriers, and (v) organization barriers. Thematic synthesis approach was used to present the findings from included studies.
Results: Lack of knowledge and awareness, and less family support in availing the required OCS were key individual and interpersonal barriers. Negative social and cultural practices such as belief in traditional herbs/healers, dietary restrictions, and discarding colostrum were frequently reported barriers especially in rural settings. Poor economic status and high health service costs were the most reported barriers to low institutional delivery and delayed ANC services. Additionally, long distances to health facilities and poor road conditions were the most frequent logistical barriers. On the provisioning side, poor quality of treatment, shortage of drugs and equipment and non-cooperative attitude of health professionals were the most significant barriers.
Conclusion: Governments should take necessary steps to tackle the mentioned barriers and encourage women to make their own health decisions. Keywords: Obstetric care service; Barriers; Maternal Health; Systematic Review; India
"A Comprehensive Assessment of Suitability of Global Precipitation Products for Hydro- meteorological Applications in a Data-Sparse Himalayan Region"
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Babel Mukand S , Agarwal Anshul , Khadka Dibesh , Baghel Triambak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Observation rainfall networks in developing countries like Nepal face many challenges (like availability and quality). Global Precipitation Products (GPPs) could be an alternative to Gauge-based Observed Rainfall (GOR) in hydro-meteorological studies. However, GPPs performance across the Himalayan regions still needs to be discovered and is influenced by several factors such as spatial and temporal resolutions, primary data sources, etc. We have comprehensively assessed the suitability of the latest GPPs using categorical and continuous variable performance metrics for the Gandak river basin in the Nepalese Himalayas. We then ranked GPPs for the first time using the Multicriteria Decision-Making technique. 11 out of 12 GPPs considered underestimated the annual rainfall in the basin. The performance of GPPs was also inconsistent for monthly/annual and daily timescales. At longer timescales, CHIRPS and IMERG_Final are better at representing the spatial and temporal pattern of the rainfall (spatial correlation of 0.78) and the least percentage bias (PBIAS < 15%). At a daily timescale, IMERG_Final, ERA5, and PERSIANN_CDR stand out for probability of detection (POD) of rainfall, while all GPPs perform poorly in False alarm ratio (FAR). Although all GPPs have relatively high RMSE (6–14 mm/day), correlation (CC) with observed rainfall was high for IMERG_Final, ERA5, and MERRA_2 in most of the sub-basins. With elevation, the performance of all GPPs is reduced, as evidenced by higher RMSE, PBIAS, and lower CC. Although there is plenty of room for improvements in rainfall estimation by GPPs, among the existing dataset, IMERG_Final scored best in the majority of the performance indicators and ranked first in five out of six sub-basins. It would be relatively the better choice in the data-sparse Himalayan region when daily rainfall data is required. For applications that require monthly/annual rainfall, both CHIRPS and IMERG_Final are equally suitable. The method proposed in the study for assessing GPPs can be readily applied in other river basins and at sub-daily timescales.
Continuous positive airway pressure therapy prevents the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with severer atrial fibrillation and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Luo Jinmei , Huang Rong , Xiao Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: A higher incidence of atrial fibrillation is linked to obstructive sleep apnea. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure on atrial fibrillation have been studied in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after conversion to sinus rhythm in obstructive sleep apnea patients.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from inception till October 2022. We included cohort studies and randomized controlled trials containing the recurrent situation of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation or direct current cardioversion with and without continuous positive airway pressure therapy. The random-effects model was used to evaluate the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). I2 was used to assess the heterogeneity.
Results: 8 studies with a total of 1372 obstructive sleep apnea patients met the inclusion criteria. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy decreased atrial fibrillation recurrence by 57% (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.29-0.64, I2=38.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that the protective effect was more significant in groups with a higher burden of atrial fibrillation (OR 0.294 vs. 0.622, 95% CI 0.164-0.524 vs. 0.376-1.027, p=0.055) and with more hypertension patients (OR 0.272 vs. 0.550, 95% CI 0.165-0.449 vs. 0.329-0.922, p=0.054). Age, body mass index, severity of OSA, and therapy compliance had no significant effect on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Conclusions: Continuous positive airway pressure therapy decreased the atrial fibrillation recurrence rate. The severity of atrial fibrillation and hypertension both had an impact on it. Studies focused on the effects of the severity of OSA and treatment compliance, and more randomized controlled trials are needed in the future.
Explainable AI and Interpretable Model for Insurance Premium Prediction
Authors: Isa Umar Abdulkadir , Fernando Anil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Traditional machine learning metrics, such as precision, recall, accuracy, Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) among others, do not provide sufficient confidence for practitioners with regard to the performance and dependability of their models. Therefore, there is a need to provide an explanation of the model to machine-learning professionals to establish trust in the model prediction and provide a human-understandable explanation to domain specialists. This was achieved by developing a model-independent and locally accurate explanation set. This set makes the conclusions of the primary models understandable to anyone in the insurance industry, including experts and non-experts. The interpretability of this model is vital for effective human interaction with machine learning systems. It is also important to provide an individual-explained prediction that will gauge trust, in addition to completing and supporting set validations in model selection. Therefore, this study proposes the use of LIME and SHAP approaches to understand and explain a model developed using random forest regression to predict insurance premiums. The drawback of the SHAP algorithms, as indicated in these experiments, is the lengthy computing time and every possible computing combination needed to produce the findings. Additionally, the intentions of the experiments conducted were focused on the model's interpretability and explainability using LIME and SHAP, and not on insurance premium charge prediction. Two experiments were conducted, experiment one focused on interpreting the random forest regression model using LIME techniques while experiment two used the SHAP technique to interpret the model.
Hybrid synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate bioplastics from carbon dioxide
Authors: zhang jie , Liu Dingyu , liu yuwan , chu huanyu , Bai Jie , Cheng Jian , zhao haodong , Fu Shaoping , Liu Huihong , Fu YuE , Ma Yanhe , Jiang Huifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal sustainable development has intensified the demand for switching to a renewable economy with a reduced carbon footprint. Here, we report a hybrid system, coupling a chemical process for CO2reduction with hydrogen, and a biological process for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis, capable of converting CO2into bioplastics with a theoretical carbon yield of 100%. The synthetic pathway from CO2to PHB was modularly optimized by improving the catalytic efficiency of key enzymes, avoiding the kinetic trap of metabolic flux and optimizing the whole catalytic processes, resulting in 5.96 g/L PHB with a productivity of 1.19 g L− 1h− 1and a molar CO2utilization efficiency of 71.8%. These results represent a promising closed-loop production process from CO2to biodegradable plastics.
Nurses' responses to monitor alarms during intra-hospital transports: an observational study
Authors: Li Ting , Hu Huiling , Wu Xue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
When patients in intensive care units have to be transported to another location in the same hospital due to lack of medical staff or the complexity of the patient's condition, nurses must deal with monitoring alarms quickly.
Objective
To explore the responses of nurses to monitor alarms during intra-hospital transports of patients, observing nurses for the presence of alarm fatigue during the transport, and to determine whether their responses are related to their cognitive resources, obstacles to alarm management, training, or other factors.
Methods
An observational descriptive study.An investigator using participatory observation.The object of study are nurses in the Intensive Care Unit,a semi-structured observation form was used to record the data collected. Finally the nurse answered the questionnaire.
Results
Forty-two alarms were activated for 40 patients during the transport process, including two patients who had two alarms. Six (14.3%) alarms were not dealt with, 36 (85.7%) were dealt with, and 11 (26.2%) were corrected after treatment. The nurses had alarm fatigue; their score on Part 1 of a clinical alarm questionnaire and their total score on the Clinical Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire showed a significant negative correlation between their training and alarm fatigue.
Conclusion
Nurses lack information about individual settings for transport monitors. Improving the cognitive capabilities of nurses to respond to clinical alarms can reduce alarm fatigue during intra-hospital transports.