bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinical autonomic practice in Europe: a survey of the European Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies
Authors: Fanciulli Alessandra , Leys Fabian , Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Reis Carneiro Diogo , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Camaradou Jennifer , Chiaro Giacomo , Cortelli Pietro , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Granata Roberta , Guaraldi Pietro , Helbok Raimund , Hilz Max J. , Iodice Valeria , Jordan Jens , Kaal Evert C. A. , Kamondi Anita , Pavy Le Traon Anne , Rocha Isabel , Sellner Johann , Senard Jean Michel , Terkelsen Astrid , Wenning Gregor K. , Moro Elena , Berger Thomas , Thijs Roland D. , Struhal Walter , Habek Mario ,   the Collaborators of European Network of Neurological ANS laboratories
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe objective was to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on European clinical autonomic practice.MethodsEighty‐four neurology‐driven or interdisciplinary autonomic centers in 22 European countries were invited to fill in a web‐based survey between September and November 2021.ResultsForty‐six centers completed the survey (55%). During the first pandemic year, the number of performed tilt‐table tests, autonomic outpatient and inpatient visits decreased respectively by 50%, 45% and 53%, and every third center reported major adverse events due to postponed examinations or visits. The most frequent newly diagnosed or worsened cardiovascular autonomic disorders after COVID‐19 infection included postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and recurrent vasovagal syncope, deemed to be likely related to the infection by ≥50% of the responders. Forty‐seven percent of the responders also reported about people with new onset of orthostatic intolerance but negative tilt‐table findings, and 16% about people with psychogenic pseudosyncope after COVID‐19. Most patients were treated non‐pharmacologically and symptomatic recovery at follow‐up was observed in ≥45% of cases. By contrast, low frequencies of newly diagnosed cardiovascular autonomic disorders following COVID‐19 vaccination were reported, most frequently postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and recurrent vasovagal syncope, and most of the responders judged a causal association unlikely. Non‐pharmacological measures were the preferred treatment choice, with 50%–100% recovery rates at follow‐up.ConclusionsCardiovascular autonomic disorders may develop or worsen following a COVID‐19 infection, whilst the association with COVID‐19 vaccines remains controversial. Despite the severe pandemic impact on European clinical autonomic practice, a specialized diagnostic work‐up was pivotal to identify non‐autonomic disorders in people with post‐COVID‐19 orthostatic complaints.
Compressed lightweight deep learning models for resource‐constrained Internet of things devices in the healthcare sector
Authors: Habib Gousia , Qureshi Shaima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification and object detection has been remarkable, even though they contain millions and billions of parameters. This over‐parameterization of CNN makes them both memory‐intensive and computationally complex and exhaustive. This greatly hinders the application of CNNs in resource‐constrained environments such as Internet of things (IoT) and edge devices. This poses a critical challenge for CNNs in deploying these powerful computer vision tools to mobile devices, which needs immediate attention. In this study, we have proposed a novel technique based on non‐convex optimization, max‐norm regularization. The max‐norm will structurally prune the number of parameters without compromising the model's performance. The proximal gradient descent algorithm is used for network optimization while using this non‐convex regularizer. The max‐norm is combined with the channel pruning to achieve more sparse CNN networks. Later, the pruned network can be easily deployed in the resource‐constrained application environment. The proposed technique is tested on several benchmark datasets for validation. In addition, in this study, the sparsified CNNs are used for biomedical image analysis using the BRAIN MRI dataset. This sparsely trained CNN model can later serve as the best lightweight model applicable in the IoT healthcare sector for detecting and classifying three types of brain tumours, one of the most life‐threatening diseases whose early detection can save the costly lives of human beings. This is the first paper to propose the novel max‐norm regularizer to enforce sparse learning through CNNs. The paper provides a detailed analysis of convex and non‐convex regularizers before presenting the proposed novel max‐norm regularizer. Finally, the paper compares the proposed max‐norm regularizer with existing regularization methods using state‐of‐the‐art CNN models.
Rapid evaluation of fatigue limit using energy dissipation
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Khonsari Michael M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFour different experimental approaches for rapid estimation of fatigue limit (endurance limit) based on energy dissipation during cyclic loading are discussed. The presented approaches use energy dissipation and thermography and can reliably evaluate the fatigue limit of material by conducting the fatigue test on a single specimen. Results show that the released energy due to damage accumulation at the stress levels above the fatigue limit changes the trend of energy dissipation and that this trend can be used to predict the fatigue limit. Experimental results on CS 1018 and SS 304 specimens are presented to illustrate the utility of the proposed methods.
Influence of braking sequence on railway brake disc's radial crack propagation behavior
Authors: Lu Chun , Shen Jiacheng , Mo Jiliang , Martinez‐Esnaola Jose Manuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe influence of braking sequence on railway brake disc's radial crack propagation behavior is analyzed considering the effect of crack geometry features, material elastoplasticity, and crack closure. The results show that when the residual stress generated in the initial braking is low, the peak stress in the subsequent braking will be low, and the average response state is more inclined to compression. The influences of the braking sequence are mainly reflected in the mid‐late stage of crack growth. In the early stage, the radial cracks almost synchronously expand inward and outward. While in the mid‐late stage, the cracks mainly expand inward. When the initial braking is relatively mild, the brake disc's stress–strain response and crack propagation behavior can be improved. It is beneficial to extend the brake disc's service life by designing a suitable prefabricated working condition or introducing an appropriate residual stress field through surface treatment.
Droughting a megadrought: Ecological consequences of a decade of experimental drought atop aridification on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Finger‐Higgens Rebecca , Bishop Tara B. B. , Belnap Jayne , Geiger Erika L. , Grote Edmund E. , Hoover David L. , Reed Sasha C. , Duniway Michael C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal dryland vegetation communities will likely change as ongoing drought conditions shift regional climates towards a more arid future. Additional aridification of drylands can impact plant and ground cover, biogeochemical cycles, and plant–soil feedbacks, yet how and when these crucial ecosystem components will respond to drought intensification requires further investigation. Using a long‐term precipitation reduction experiment (35% reduction) conducted across the Colorado Plateau and spanning 10 years into a 20+ year regional megadrought, we explored how vegetation cover, soil conditions, and growing season nitrogen (N) availability are impacted by drying climate conditions. We observed large declines for all dominant plant functional types (C3and C4grasses and C3and C4shrubs) across measurement period, both in the drought treatment and control plots, likely due to ongoing regional megadrought conditions. In experimental drought plots, we observed less plant cover, less biological soil crust cover, warmer and drier soil conditions, and more soil resin‐extractable N compared to the control plots. Observed increases in soil N availability were best explained by a negative correlation with plant cover regardless of treatment, suggesting that declines in vegetation N uptake may be driving increases in available soil N. However, in ecosystems experiencing long‐term aridification, increased N availability may ultimately result in N losses if soil moisture is consistently too dry to support plant and microbial N immobilization and ecosystem recovery. These results show dramatic, worrisome declines in plant cover with long‐term drought. Additionally, this study highlights that more plant cover losses are possible with further drought intensification and underscore that, in addition to large drought effects on aboveground communities, drying trends drive significant changes to critical soil resources such as N availability, all of which could have long‐term ecosystem impacts for drylands.
An examination of relational dynamics of power in the context of supported (assisted) decision‐making with older people and those with disabilities in an acute healthcare setting
Authors: O′Donnell Deirdre , Davies Carmel , Christophers Lauren , Ní Shé Éidín , Donnelly Sarah , Kroll Thilo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSupported (assisted) healthcare decision‐making (ADM) focuses attention on how people with disabilities, including cognitive impairments, can be best supported to make decisions about their health and social care on an equitable basis with others. Meaningful implementation of legal frameworks for ADM challenges long‐held presumptions about who has access to valued decision‐making resources, influence and power within a particular socio‐cultural setting. This study aims to explore the relational power dynamics around ADM with older people in acute care settings.MethodsThis study adopts a critical hermeneutic approach to qualitatively explore the lived experience of ADM from the perspectives of Health and Social Care Professionals (N = 26). This is supported by an exploration of the experiences of older people (N = 4), older people with a diagnosis of dementia (N = 4) and family carers (N = 5).ResultsWe present three themes of data analysis that represent three spaces where the relational aspects of power in ADM are manifested. The first space, centralising decision‐making power within multidisciplinary teams identified the privileging of physicians in traditional hierarchical leadership models that may lead to the implicit exclusion of family carers and some Health and Social Care Professionals in the ADM process. Privileging cognitive and communication competence identified a tendency to attribute decision‐making autonomy to those with cognitive and communication competency. The final space, balancing the duty of care and individual autonomy, recognises acute care settings as typically risk‐averse cultures that limit autonomy for decisions that carry risk, especially for those with cognitive impairment.ConclusionFindings indicate the need to address cultural sources of power operating through social norms premised on ageist and ableist ideologies. It is necessary to challenge institutional barriers to meaningful ADM including positional power that is associated with hierarchies of influence and protectionism. Finally, meaningful ADM requires resistance to the disempowerment created by structural, economic and social circumstances which limit choices for decision‐making.Patient or Public ContributionA public and patient involvement panel of older people were consulted in the development of the grant application (HRB: APA‐2016‐1878). Representatives from Alzheimer's Society Ireland and Family Carers Ireland were steering committee members guiding design and strategy.
Long‐term success for people living with HIV: A framework to guide practice
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Wohl David A. , Cascio Mario , Guaraldi Giovanni , Rockstroh Jürgen , Hodson Matthew , Richman Bruce , Brown Gina , Anderson Jane , Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca Maria J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn recent decades, the needs of people living with HIV have evolved as life expectancy has greatly improved. Now, a new definition of long‐term success (LTS) is necessary to help address the multifaceted needs of all people living with HIV.MethodsWe conducted a two‐phase research programme to delineate the range of experiences of people living with HIV. The insights garnered from these research phases were explored in a series of expert‐led workshops, which led to the development and refinement of the LTS framework.ResultsThe insights generated from the research phases identified a series of themes that form a part of LTS. These themes were subsequently incorporated into the LTS framework, which includes five outcome pillars: sustained undetectable viral load, minimal impact of treatment and clinical monitoring, optimized health‐related quality of life, lifelong integration of healthcare, and freedom from stigma and discrimination. A series of supporting statements were also developed by the expert panel to help in the achievement of each of the LTS pillars.ConclusionsThe LTS framework offers a comprehensive and person‐centric approach that, if achieved, could help improve the long‐term well‐being of people living with HIV and support the LTS vision of ‘every person living with HIV being able to live their best life’.
Optimisation and identification of anchovy antimicrobial peptides by enzymolysis and untargeted proteomic profiling
Authors: Zhang Huiyan , Qi Shizhe , Yu Wenhao , Zhao Shan , Jin Yan , Zhao Qiancheng , Qi Yanxia 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNatural antimicrobial peptides are promising antibiotics without inducing high bacteria resistance and have wide applications in the medical health and food industry. Herein, we prepared and optimised anchovy antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs) by degreasing and enzymolysis of anchovy extracts under different conditions. The enzymolysis mixtures at optimised preparation conditions exhibited concentration‐dependent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Then, we applied the mass spectrometry‐based proteomics analysis to globally profile the peptide constitutes within the active peptide mixture and finally, 4 unique peptides coming from 68 proteins were confidently identified. We compared the peptide sequences with the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) database and synthesised 4 potential AAMPs. As a result, peptide GTEDELDKY exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, and peptides DREGESGPS, YIGRPIPQ and YEDEINKR exhibited inhibitory activity against SA. Our work established a useful workflow for discovering novel AMPs from fish proteins, which may play important role in the development of effective antibiotics.
Enhancing effect of chia seeds on heterocyclic amine generation in meatball
Authors: Elbir Zeynep , Ekiz Elif , Aoudeh Eyad , Oz Emel , Savaş Adem , Brennan Charles , Proestos Charalampos , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Elobeid Tahra , Brennan Margaret , Oz Fatih 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe impact of using chia seeds at different rates (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) in meatball on the water content, pH and lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), cooking loss and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) content of meatballs cooked at 150, 200, and 250 °C was investigated. The chia seed significantly affected water content (P < 0.01), cooking loss (P < 0.05), pH (P < 0.05) and total HAAs content (P < 0.01), whereas no significant impact (P > 0.05) was detected on TBARS value. With cooking, water content decreased (P < 0.01), while the pH and TBARS values increased (P < 0.01). Cooking temperatures significantly affected (P < 0.01) the water content, cooking loss and total HAAs content. The content of total HAAs of the meatballs increased with increasing the cooking temperature. The results illustrated that IQ, 7,8‐DiMeIQx, 4,8‐DiMeIQx, AαC and MeAαC were below the detectable limit (<LOD) in all samples, while MeIQx was the dominant compound among the detected HAAs compounds. The research indicated that the use of chia seeds increased the total HAA content, and the highest level was found in meatballs prepared with 1% chia seeds.
Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of xylazine in milk
Authors: Chen Cen , Zhang Yuhang , Tang Yulong , Huang Guangrong , Jiang Han 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared by surface precipitation polymerisation, which used xylazine as its template molecule and Fe3O4 as its support. The characterisation analysis and adsorption experiments of MMIPs were carried out. At the same time, promethazine, chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, acepromazine and perphenazine were selected as structural analogues for selective experiments. The results showed MMIPs were successfully prepared with small particle size, excellent magnetic and thermal stability, high adsorption capacity and selectivity for xylazine. The maximum adsorption capacity of MMIPs for xylazine was 4.2017 mg g−1, and the adsorption reached binding equilibrium within 30 min. The magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) based on MMIPs and traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) based on SPE column for xylazine in milk samples were compared and xylazine was analysed by HPLC. Although the difference between the two SPE methods was not significant, the MSPE method procedure took only about 35 min, which was faster than the traditional SPE method (>100 min), and the MSPE method had lower LOD (2.62 ng mL−1). MSPE has the advantages of simple operation, short extraction time, low cost and friendly to the environment, it has good application potential in the detection of xylazine in milk samples.
Relationship between cortical and medullary thickness and glomerular filtration rate among living kidney donors
Authors: Kuhnel Lukas , Vu Thomas , Wood Simon T. , Francis Ross S. , Trnka Peter , Ellis Robert J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between the kidney cortex and medulla is not well understood in healthy populations. This study characterised the relationship between cortical/medullary thickness and measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 390 living kidney donors. A positive relationship was observed between medullary, but not cortical, thickness and GFR. We propose that this reflects a correlation between juxtamedullary nephron number and GFR.
Analysis of the location problem of emergency attendance teams for a railroad through optimization
Authors: Troian Rodrigo , Santos Gisele Tessari , Campos Rodrigo Alexandre Celestino 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRail operators worldwide are seeing an increase in demand for services, driven by expanding global trade and the use of export commodities. Punctual service in a train stopped on the railroad is extremely important since the delay in service significantly impacts performance, asset utilization, and railroad productivity. The present work addresses the development and the solution of an optimization model for locating railway service teams that serve locomotives that need emergency maintenance on a Brazilian railway. Additionally, a hypercube model was solved to estimate several performance measures that assist in decision‐making. From the result analysis of different scenarios, it was found that the optimized maintenance teams' location provides superior results to the current ones considering the same resources. Also, it was possible to increase the coverage with double attendance in the studied system, monitoring different indicators such as attendance teams' average system travel time and workload.
Clustered vehicle routing problem for waste collection with smart operational management approaches
Authors: Kim Jungmin , Manna Apurba , Roy Arindam , Moon Ilkyeong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWaste collection is one of the essential tasks in a smart city. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology that offers potential solutions for transforming traditional systems. An IoT‐based smart bin is a modern technology that offers real‐time fill level information to a cleaning authority. However, high uncertainty associated with the smart bin's fill levels and improper operation hinder efficient waste collection. In order to tackle the uncertainty in a smart bin and improve the waste collection operation, the IoT sensor's usage must be combined with optimization procedures. The present work introduced two operational management approaches to define dynamic optimal routes and combined ant colony optimization with a k‐means clustering algorithm to solve the clustered vehicle routing problem for waste collection on a large scale. Operational management approaches reflect practical constraints when using IoT‐based smart bins. A hybrid metaheuristic is proposed and performed with these approaches thereby showing the potential of building a smart waste collection system.
Propaganda: More Than Flawed Messaging
Authors: Wimberly Cory 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTMost of the recent work on propaganda in philosophy has come from a narrowly epistemological standpoint that sees it as flawed messaging that negatively impacts public reasonableness and deliberation. This article posits two problems with this approach: first, it obscures the full range of propaganda's activities; and second, it prevents effective ameliorative measures by offering an overly truncated assessment of the problems to be addressed. Following Ellul and Hyska, I argue that propaganda aims at shaping actions and not just beliefs, and that the propaganda activities that shape action include modifying beliefs but also much more. Examining this larger set of activities results in a shift in how we conceptualize the way that propaganda works. In particular, I add a novel argument that propaganda works by creating and reshaping publics, transforming who they are and their characteristic action. This article concludes that a more complete philosophical account of propaganda cannot just draw on epistemology but must also call on the tools of social ontology and political philosophy to create a more robust critical account.
The perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities on their experience of voting in UK general elections
Authors: Manktelow Nicholas , Chadwick Darren D. , Brewster Stephanie , Tilly Liz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities' voting rate within the United Kingdom remains significantly below the population average despite government enacted voting promotion measures. No published academic literature directly involves people with intellectual disabilities when considering their UK general election experiences – this study aims to address this omission.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with people with intellectual disabilities (N = 20) about their election experiences during the 2017 (n = 18) and 2019 (n = 8) general elections. Six participants were interviewed around both elections. Data was analysed with template analysis.ResultsEight themes were produced – election information, political knowledge, political opinions, voting choice process, polling station experience, voting outcome, capacity and support. Theme interactions impacted on election experiences.ConclusionsWhile acknowledging diverse experiences, voting outcomes and experiences were particularly impacted by factor interactions concerning election information and/or polling station accessibility, capacity and support. Voting promotion interventions and future research should consider these areas.