bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From perplexing to predictive: are we ready to forecast insect disease susceptibility in a warming world?
Authors: Ferguson Laura V. , Adamo Shelley A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTInsects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways, including changes to their immune systems and the ability to fight infection. Whether predicted changes in temperature will contribute to insect mortality or success, and the role of disease in their future survival, remains unclear. Although heat can enhance immunity by activating the integrated defense system (e.g. via the production of protective molecules such as heat-shock proteins) and accelerating enzyme activity, heat can also compromise the immune system through energetic–resource trade-offs and damage. The responses to heat are highly variable among species. The reasons for this variability are poorly known, and we are lagging in our understanding of how and why the immune system responds to changes in temperature. In this Commentary, we highlight the variation in insect immune responses to heat and the likely underlying mechanisms. We suggest that we are currently limited in our ability to predict the effects of rising temperatures on insect immunity and disease susceptibility, largely owing to incomplete information, coupled with a lack of tools for data integration. Moreover, existing data are concentrated on a relatively small number of insect Orders. We provide suggestions for a path towards making more accurate predictions, which will require studies with realistic temperature exposures and housing design, and a greater understanding of both the thermal biology of the immune system and connections between immunity and the physiological responses to heat.
State-of-the-art of invasive Group A Streptococcus infection in children: protocol for a scoping review of the literature with a focus on predictors of invasive infection
Authors: Mariani Francesco , Martino Laura , Gentili Carolina , Pulcinelli Valentina , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: February 2023

Background: Invasive group A streptococcus infection (iGAS) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening condition, with high case fatality rates and high morbidity whose incidence is greatly increased in the last years. Despite the increasing importance and frequency of this condition, at the best of our knowledge, no previous reviews have been published focusing on the risk factors for the development of this condition and its early clinical features. This paper reports the study protocol for a scoping review that aims to analyze the early signs and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcus disease in children, to recognize the prodromal stage of the disease. Methods: Comprehensive research combining the terms pediatric and invasive group A streptococcus infection has been performed on PubMed and SCOPUS to identify potential eligible studies. The search strategy for PubMed will be available in this paper. Two reviewers will screen first the abstract and subsequently the full text to identify eligible articles according to the predefined inclusion criteria. Divergences between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion (with a third author if necessary). Two review authors will extract data independently, everyone on a different Excel spreadsheet. Each researcher will be blinded to the decision of the other researcher. When the process will be completed, in case of discordance, any disagreement will be identified and resolved through discussion (with a third author if necessary). Dissemination: The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern in the Seychelles: Introduction and spread
Authors: Morobe John Mwita , Pool Brigitte , Marie Lina , Didon Dwayne , Lambisia Arnold W. , Makori Timothy , Mohammed Khadija Said , Ndwiga Leonard , Mburu Maureen W. , Moraa Edidah , Murunga Nickson , Mwanga Mike , Musyoki Jennifer , Moturi Angela K. , Namulondo Joyce , Tembo Susan Zimba , Ogendi Edwin , Balde Thierno , Dratibi Fred Athanasius , Ali Ahmed Yahaya , Gumede Nicksy , Achilla Rachel A. , Borus Peter K. , Wanjohi Dorcas W. , Tessema Sofonias K. , Mwangangi Joseph , Bejon Philip , Nokes D. James , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella , Githinji George , Biscornet Leon , Agoti Charles N. 
Published: February 2023

Background: The emergence of the Omicron variant of concern in late 2021 led to a resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 infections globally. By September 2022, Seychelles had experienced two major surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections driven by the Omicron variant. Here, we examine the genomic epidemiology of Omicron in the Seychelles between November 2021 and September 2022. Methods: We analysed 618 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron genomes identified in the Seychelles between November 2021 and September 2022 to infer virus introductions and local transmission patterns using phylogenetics and the ancestral state reconstruction approach. We then evaluated the impact of government coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) countermeasures on the estimated number of viral introductions during the study period. Results: The genomes classified into 43 distinct Pango lineages. The first surge in Omicron cases (beginning November 2021 and peaking in January 2022) was predominated by the BA.1.1 lineage (59%) co-circulating with 11 other Omicron lineages. In the second surge (between April and June 2022), four lineages (BA.2, BA.2.10, BA.2.65 and BA.2.9) co-circulated and these were swiftly replaced by BA.5 subvariants in July 2022, which remained predominant through to September 2022. In the latter period, sporadic detections of BA.5 subvariants BQ.1, BE and BF were observed. We estimated 109 independent Omicron importations into Seychelles over the 11-month period, most of which occurred between December 2021 and March 2022 when strict government restrictions (SI>50%) were still in force. The districts Anse Royale, and Baie St. Anne Praslin appeared to be the major dispersal points fuelling local transmission. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the waves of Omicron infections in the Seychelles were driven by multiple lineages and multiple virus introductions. The introductions were followed by substantial local spread and successive lineage displacement that mirrored the global patterns.
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING VERSUS ONLINE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Cazan Anamaria , Indreica Elenasimona 
Published: February 2023

Assessment not only measures progress but also help e-instructors to identify effective assessment strategies. Online courses make possible new forms of working and learning together that would be difficult to use in the classroom-based course. Also, high quality formative assessment has a positive effect on student learning.
The present study aims to investigate differences between online evaluation of learning and traditional evaluation. We also investigated the association between the various forms of evaluation, test anxiety and self-efficacy.
The participants were undergraduate students at the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, enrolled in online Moodle courses and non-enrolled students. For an entire semester, the students enrolled in online Moodle courses and completed in the Moodle format quizzes, as an instrument of formative assessment. For the non-enrolled sample, the evaluation was administered in a paper-pencil format, the traditional version.
We used three scales; two of them were adapted from MSLQ (The Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale):
-	The Test Anxiety Scale (adapted from MSLQ)
-	The Academic Self Efficacy scale (adapted from MSLQ)
-	Attitudes towards online assessment scale
The first two scales were administered before a formative assessment test for the subject matter Essential of psychological testing. The test was a 35 items quiz. The quiz was administered online using Moodle format for one group of students, and paper pencil for the second group. The content of the quiz was the same for both groups. The online students received after the test a third questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the online assessment format.
The results showed that there are no differences regarding the academic performances (the grades at the test) between the two groups of students, but the test anxiety and the self-efficacy were different, online students reporting higher levels of anxiety before taking the test and lower levels of self-efficacy. Although at the end of the test, online students reported a high satisfaction for the online assessment. The final questionnaire includes items such as: "My level of computer literacy limited my performance in the online assessment", "I felt under pressure taking the exam this way", "I enjoyed the exam process", "I would rather take the traditional exam, if I can choose". The results can be used in the implementation of future assessment methods, in order to reduce the test anxiety and to increase academic self-efficacy.
MANAGING SPECIALISTS TRAINING IN THE AREA OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
Authors: Panfil Georgica , Tical Georgemarius 
Published: February 2023

The article tackles the main problems related to the specific environment of initial and continuous trainin	g of technicians, specialists and experts in the area of forensic science. It has to be notice that the forensic scientists are a special category of personnel of Police and that they can only develop under the umbrella of law enforcement (there is also a category of "independent forensic scientists", working within the areal of Ministry of Justice, but this domain has nothing to do with initial training of such personnel). Also, the main terms and notions used in this domain are carefully explained and defined, for a better understanding and delimitation of the area - due to the fact that currently there are many concept misunderstood, aspect mainly caused by different media surces to present forensic science as a simple domain, with spectacular results in a very short time frame - aspect which as fake as nocive. . The authors are also presenting the Romanian realities related to the system of training this type of personnel, from the point of view of the institutions with attributes of training (Romanian Police Academy, cadet schools, other institutions dedicated to continuous training etc.), along with some aspects related to the tendencies from other countries. The conclusions are intended to bring up the main advantages, as well as the flaws of the training system, as well as proposals linked to possible enhancements, tacking also the tendencies from different sources to promote the concepts linked to the private section of forensic scientists - thus eliminating the so-called monopoly of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
RECOVERING OLD ROMANIAN LEMMATA
Authors: Gifu Daniela 
Published: February 2023

The present study describes a method of exploring the Romanian old words collected in the written press, from 1829 till 2015, and contains three independent collections of newspapers, developed and structured corresponding to Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania. The purpose of this research is to record the chronology of the Romanian old words identified in the diachronic corpus that we have built in the last three years, called RODICA (ROmanian DIachonic Corpus with Annotations), in order to develop a learning technology based on the language evolution. We have used the citations extracted from the eDTLR (Dictionary Thesaurus of the Romanian Language in electronic form), with an important role for eLearning applications. To recover lemmata of old, obsolete, word forms using eDTLR quotations is a target on which NLP group from Iasi has started to work a few years ago and this work contributes significantly in developing a diachronic POS-tagger. A diachronic POS-tagger is very important in different comparative language analyzes of eLearning. However, there is an important problem, which arises, the fact that the corpus contains only quotations and not a complete sentence. One quotation may be attached both to a title-word different than the word searched for or belonging to the searched for title-word. We consider that the model of language that we used could be useful both for applicative objectives (for enabling effective language similarity analysis using statistical methods) and for scientific objectives (for exploring the nature of related languages).
BEYOND THE TALE OF THE 'TWO CULTURES': FILLING THE GAP BETWEEN ALGORITHMS AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: Taut Val codrin 
Published: February 2023

In the late 1940s, Roberto Busa, an Italian Jesuit priest, conceived a computer tool allowing researchers to navigate within the massive corpus of Aquinas's works. The project, called Index Thomisticus, was the setting out of a very fruitful application of digital technologies in linguistics and literary analysis, generating a considerable epistemological optimism that catalyzed the formation of a broad epistemic field, today known as the field of Digital Humanities. However, recent findings show that Digital Humanities are still far from being a unified field, able to harbor new insights into human culture. Of course, digital tools have penetrated nearly all humanists’ research phases, but there are still strong incongruences between these two areas. One of the most common explanations of this mismatch points to the so called mutual opacity between the humanistic disciplines and the realm of technoscience, a line of division already outlined in the late nineteenth century and made famous by Charles P. Snow in his highly influential talk, subsequently published as The Two Cultures and the scientific Revolution (1959).Our intervention aims to move beyond this apparent antithesis. The core argument is that the division between humanities and technoscience has to be broken down into two distinct levels. The first one concerns the exclusionary structure of the digital field, while the second encompasses the circulation and the institutional valuation of knowledge in Humanities. The talk will be organized in 3 major steps. First, as already discussed, we will deal with the constitution of the epistemic field of Digital Humanities, mainly after 1990, trying to understand who is in and who is out. The second step will try to find out what are the institutional obstacles in digitalizing the humanistic research. Finally, the paper will end with some concrete suggestions in order to overcome the hindrances between the Humanities and the digital techniques.
ACTIVE LEARNING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THE COURSE "TELECOMMUNICATION SECURITY"
Authors: Borodzhieva Adriana 
Published: February 2023

The digital generation, called the generation of the six screens – the TV, the computer, the laptop, the tablet, the fablet, and the smartphone, cannot and should not be taught as children’ parents have been taught. Replacing the blackboard with white one, and the chalk with a marker, does not change things, i.e. this is not the way to motivate the students at schools and universities and postgraduates to accumulate knowledge and develop skills for their practical application. It is necessary, through the massive and effective use of ICT-based innovative educational technologies and didactic models, to adapt the education system to the digital generation, and by introducing the research approach into the educational process, to reorient it from mechanical learning to rediscovery of knowledge and developing skills. The paper presents active learning techniques applied in the course “Telecommunication Security” for undergraduate students in the specialty “Telecommunication Systems” at the University of Ruse on the topic of classical ciphers in cryptography. Active learning is a term widely-used in the context of school education, but nowadays it is growing in popularity within universities too. Active learning strategies are incorporated into every component of our course “Telecommunication Security”. For example, encouraging short partner discussions during lectures (i.e., think-pair-share), problem- or case-based research projects, and incorporating time for small-group critical analysis exercises during seminars are all great ways to actively engage students in learning. Some active learning strategies used in the educational process are: 1) facilitating independent, critical, and creative thinking (case-based problem solving exercises; debate); 2) encouraging effective collaboration (small-group discussions, peer instruction exercises); 3) increasing student motivation and performance. Incorporating active learning into the curriculum transforms the classroom into an exciting, dynamic learning environment.
OPTIMISING THE STRUCTURING OF PHYSICAL EFFORT DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSONS ACCORDING TO BODY PARTICULARITIES, ASSESSED THROUGH BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE USING BODYVISION SOFTWARE
Authors: Florescu Oroles , Becea Liliana , Mezei Mariana 
Published: February 2023

Lifestyle, lack of physical movement, sedentariness have all led to the growth of obesity among young people in our country. The major risk of obesity at a young age is that such persons would continue to have overweight issues later on in life, with all the negative consequences implied. The purpose of this research is: to measure and assess in a complex way, by using modern technology and an appropriate software program, the body composition of students at the Politehnica University of Bucharest, to create a database for the body composition of young people aged between 19 and 25 years, which is relevant by the number of subjects and the complexity of the assessed indicators, as well as to obtain real data allowing for the subsequent optimization of the means used in physical education and sports lessons. The sample investigated comprised 361 subjects, of which 207 males and 154 females, with ages between 19 and 25 years, all students at University Politehnica of Bucharest. The students participating in this research were informed about its objectives and agreed to the processing, analysis and storage of the data regarding their assessments. In this research we have used the Tanita FitScan BC-601 device with bodyvision software, considered by the specialists as being a powerful instrument in assessing not only the health condition in terms of body composition but also in the monitoring of efficiency of any fitness program. Using bioelectric impedance analysis technology (BIA) based on the data provided by 8 electrodes, the Tanita soft provided 19 assessments: 9 at a global level and 10 at a segmentar level (arms, legs and trunk). Of all these assessments, the most relevant for our research are the weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age and total body water. The values provided by Tanita have been recorded in protocols, centralized in tables and statistically and mathematically processed. The comparison of the indicators obtained with the reference values according to the subjects' gender and age particulars has been presented graphically. The values resulting from this research have been capitalized in a database for the population with ages between 19 and 25 years according to the gender particulars for the following indicators: weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age and total body water. The results will be used in elaborating lesson structures for the students at University Politehnica of Bucharest, together with an optimal component of the aerobe effort that will lead, in time, at the normalization of the body composition and, indirectly, at the improvement of the health condition.
REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES ON HOW BLOCKCHAIN CAN DISRUPT EDUCATION
Authors: Cernian Alexandra , Paul Andreea 
Published: February 2023

Blockchain is the new electricity and the biggest invention after the emergence of the Internet. Now it is the most disruptive distributed technology, used to conduct secured transactions, carried out in a decentralized manner. Although this technology has been introduced with Bitcoin and is commonly associated with cryptocurrencies, it is currently getting more and more attention in many industry and governance sectors. For sure, education is one of the domains that can be changed soon by blockchain. It is estimated that the edtech sector it will reach $93.76 billion by 2020. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality have already been successfully integrated in the educational process. So, the next breakthrough could come from blockchain technology and there are already several perspectives on how it can transform education:
o	Improve record keeping and digital certificates
o	Increase efficiency in administrative processes (payments, smart contracts etc.)
o	Support the growth of MOOC initiatives
o	Create a disruptive model for the education industry
This paper will focus on providing a state of the art of current initiatives and discuss the perspectives on how blockchain can disrupt the education industry. Although we expect the blockchain technology to revolutionize business processes in many industries in the future, its adoption requires time and effort. Blockchain will stimulate people to acquire new skills, while traditional businesses, including education, will have to completely rethink their processes. Considering that governments are starting to accept the benefits of blockchain and use them to improve various sectors, it is very likely that from 2020 we will see more examples of successful implementation of this technology.
The impact of educating blood donors on plasmapheresis and plasma applications on the availability of plasma-derived medicinal products
Authors: Sutkowski Jakub , Wilczewska Ewelina , Matyka Kamila , Słowiaczek Anna , Baranowska Alicja , Wojnar Marcin , Matyszewska Aleksandra 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Human plasma contains valuable proteins such as albumin, globulins and coagulation factors. These ingredients are used to obtain medicinal products (PDMPs - plasma-derived medicinal products) used in many fields of medicine. The growing number of indications for their use causes an increase in the demand for plasma collected from blood donors. Most donors, however, choose to donate whole blood, which provides a lower amount of plasma than plasmapheresis.
Purpose of the study: This study aims to indicate the reasons why donors do not decide to donate plasma by apheresis, to show the role of informing donors about the plasmapheresis, about the uses of plasma collected and about the safety of the process. The work also presents examples of PDMPs applications that can be used in the process of educating donors, which may contribute to increasing the number of plasma donors and, at the same time, the availability of PDMPs.
Material and methods: A review of scientific research (using Pubmed, Google Scholar databases), medical books and materials published on websites of institutions related to blood donation regulations was conducted.
Results: The reasons why blood donors do not decide to donate plasma include, among others, longer donation time and lack of knowledge about plasmapheresis. The decision to donate plasma via plasmapheresis is influenced not only by the fact of informing the donor about such a possibility, but also by the content and manner of providing the information. Due to the greater amount of plasma obtained each time by plasmapheresis compared to the separation of whole blood, an increase in the number of donors undergoing plasmapheresis may indirectly positively affect the availability of plasma-derived medicinal products