bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shadow of a charged black hole with scalar hair
Authors: Guo Wen-Di , Wei Shao-Wen , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeeking singularity free solutions are important for further understanding black holes in quantum level. Recently, a five-dimensional singularity free black hole/topological star was constructed (Bah and Heidmann in Phys Rev Lett 126:151101, 2021). Through the Kaluza–Klein reduction, an effective four-dimensional static spherically symmetric charged black hole with scalar hair can be obtained. In this paper, we study shadow of this charged black hole with scalar hair in terms of four kinds of observers, i.e., static observers, surrounding observers, freely falling observers, and escaping observers in four-dimensional spacetime. For a spherically symmetric black hole, the shadow is circular for any observer, but the shadow size depends on the motion status of the observer. On the other hand, the effect of plasma is also investigated by a simple model. The radius of the photon sphere depends on the plasma model. Most importantly, we find that the shadow sizes do not monotonically decrease with r in some cases.
Perturbations in non-flat cosmology for f(T) gravity
Authors: Bahamonde Sebastian , Dialektopoulos Konstantinos F. , Hohmann Manuel , Said Jackson Levi , Pfeifer Christian , Saridakis Emmanuel N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of cosmological perturbation theory in f(T) gravity is a topic of great interest in teleparallel gravity since this is one of the simplest generalizations of the theory that modifies the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. In this work, we explore the possibility of a non-flat FLRW background solution and perform perturbations for positively as well as negatively curved spatial geometries, together with a comparison to the flat case. We determine the generalized behaviour of the perturbative modes for this non-flat FLRW setting for arbitrary f(T) models, when the most general homogeneous and isotropic background tetrads are used. We also identify propagating modes in this setup, and relate this with the case of a flat cosmology.
The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Salih Abdul-Hassan Mahdi , Patra Indrajit , Sivaraman Ramaswamy , Alhamzawi Rahim , Khalikov Kakhor M. , Al-qaim Zahraa Haleem , Golgouneh Sahar , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Adhab Ali Hussein , Vázquez-Cárdenas Andrés Leonardo , Abarghouei Safoura 
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (

mean
±
SE

:

11.48
±
0.1

g) feeding was done with formulated diets (

T

1

(control): no supplementation,

T

2

:

1
×

10

6

CFU
/
g

LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3:

1
×

10

8

CFU
/
g

LS

,

T

4

: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and

T

5

: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of

1
×

10

8

CFU
/
g

, even after exposure to acetamiprid (

P
<
0.05

). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (

P
<
0.05

), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (

P
<
0.05

). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (

P
<
0.05

). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (

P
<
0.05

). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (

P
<
0.05

). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (

P
<
0.05

). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (

1
×

10

8

CFU
/
g

) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5–1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
Biomarkers of Tobacco Carcinogenesis in Diverse Populations: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Etemadi Arash , Abnet Christian C. , Dawsey Sanford M. , Freedman Neal D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiomarkers can provide distinct information about cancer risk factors in populations from diverse ancestries and with different exposure patterns by measuring the internal dose of carcinogens. While similar environmental exposures can lead to different cancer risks across racial or ethnic groups, seemingly different exposures can cause the same cancers because they produce the same biomarkers in the body. Smoke-related biomarkers are among the most commonly studied biomarkers in relation to cancer, and they include tobacco-specific biomarkers (nicotine metabolites and tobacco-specific nitrosamines) and biomarkers which can result from exposure to tobacco and non-tobacco pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and volatile organic compounds). Biomonitoring is superior to self-reported exposure assessment because it is less prone to information and recall biases. However, biomarkers generally reflect recent exposure determined by their metabolism and half-life and how they are stored in and excreted from the body. Many biomarkers are correlated because the sources of exposure usually contain several carcinogens at the same time, making it difficult to identify specific chemicals which lead to cancer. Despite these challenges, biomarkers will continue to be essential to cancer research. Prospective studies, with detailed exposure assessment and large sample sizes from diverse backgrounds, along with studies designed to enrich the methodology of biomarker research are the necessary steps in that direction.See related article by Cigan et al., p. 306
Real-Time Symbolic Transcription and Interactive Transformation Using a Hexaphonic Nylon-String Guitar
Authors: Freire Sérgio , Armondes Augusto , Silva Rubens 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGuiaRT is an interactive musical setup based on a nylon-string guitar equipped with hexaphonic piezoelectric pickups. It consists of a modular set of real-time tools for the symbolic transcription, variation, and triggering of selected segments during a performance, as well as some audio processing capabilities. Its development relied on an iterative approach, with distinct phases dedicated to feature extraction, transcriptions, and creative use. This article covers the motivations for this augmented instrument and several details of its implementation, including the hardware and strategies for identifying the most typical types of sound produced on a nylon-string guitar, as well as tools for symbolic musical transformations. This acoustic–digital interface was primarily designed for interactive exploration, and it has also been effectively used in performance analyses and as a pedagogical tool.
Don't Stop Me Now: Neural Underpinnings of Increased Impulsivity to Temporally Predictable Events
Authors: Korolczuk Inga , Burle Boris , Coull Jennifer T. , Ogińska Halszka , Ociepka Michał , Senderecka Magdalena , Śmigasiewicz Kamila 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although the benefit of temporal predictability for behavior is long-established, recent studies provide evidence that knowing when an important event will occur comes at the cost of greater impulsivity. Here, we investigated the neural basis of inhibiting actions to temporally predictable targets using an EEG–EMG method. In our temporally cued version of the stop-signal paradigm (two-choice task), participants used temporal information delivered by a symbolic cue to speed their responses to the target. In a quarter of the trials, an auditory signal indicated that participants had to inhibit their actions. Behavioral results showed that although temporal cues speeded RTs, they also impaired the ability to stop actions as indexed by longer stop-signal reaction time. In line with behavioral benefits of temporal predictability, EEG data demonstrated that acting at temporally predictable moments facilitated response selection at the cortical level (reduced frontocentral negativity just before the response). Likewise, activity of the motor cortex involved in suppression of incorrect response hand was stronger for temporally predictable events. Thus, by keeping an incorrect response in check, temporal predictability likely enabled faster implementation of the correct response. Importantly, there was no effect of temporal cues on the EMG-derived index of online, within-trial inhibition of subthreshold impulses. This result shows that although participants were more prone to execute a fast response to temporally predictable targets, their inhibitory control was, in fact, unaffected by temporal cues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that greater impulsivity when responding to temporally predictable events is paralleled by enhanced neural motor processes involved in response selection and implementation rather than impaired inhibitory control.
Integration of the Livelihood and Ecosystem Services Frameworks—A Case Study on Urban Agriculture in Mexico City
Authors: González Mayra I. Rodríguez , Scott Christian Kelly , Marquina Tatiana , Mewa Demeke B. , Polo Jorge García , Peng Binbin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Strategies that demonstrate renewed potential to enhance both social and ecological systems are crucial in today’s era of rapid urbanization. However, the approaches used to understand the impacts of such strategies sometimes favor social over environmental theory, or the opposite, but do not always consider both equally. Our study addresses this disconnect by exploring the role of urban agriculture (UA) as an alleviation and land management strategy in Mexico City (MC), Mexico. Our integrated design combined the ecosystem services framework, which was primarily used to assess material and nonmaterial benefits MC residents obtain from UA spaces and its associated vegetation, and the livelihoods framework, which was used to evaluate the relationship between UA and societal impacts. We used a mixed-method approach to quantify the amount of food produced, assess crop diversity, assess six distinct ecological processes linked to UA, identify cultural benefits, and conduct an evaluation of contributions to livelihood capitals. Our study documented the role of UA in supporting ecological processes, connecting humans to nature, and providing a supplemental source of income. However, a multitude of unintended outcomes are identified, such as trade-offs between different ecological processes, constraints in promoting formal education beyond agroecological knowledge, and an inability to fully elevate families out of poverty. Our integrated approach demonstrated how the ecosystem services and livelihoods frameworks can be used simultaneously to provide thorough assessments of socioecological systems, identifying outcomes that could go unnoticed without an interdisciplinary lens.
Energetics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Part I: The Lorenz Energy Cycle and the Vertical Energy Redistribution
Authors: Matsuta Takuro , Masumoto Yukio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the eddy kinetic energy is localized in the lee of significant topographic features in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Here we explore the importance of the local dynamics quantitatively using the outputs from the realistic ocean general circulation model hindcast with the aid of the modified Lorentz energy cycle. Results confirm the importance of energy transfer among reservoirs in the downstream region of standing meanders, showing that the major five standing meanders are responsible for more than 70% of the kinetic energy transfer to eddies and dissipation over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region. The eddy kinetic energy is generated in the upper 3000-m depth downstream of the standing meanders and transported due to the vertical energy redistribution governed by the vertical pressure flux toward the deeper layer where the eddy energy is dissipated. Moreover, we also calculate the work done by the Ekman transport to confirm that the wind energy input works as the dominant energy source for the baroclinic energy pathway. The advantage of this quantity against the vertical mean density flux is that it is independent of the reference states defined arbitrarily. It is shown that the westerlies can supply sufficient energy locally to initiate baroclinic instability in the Indian and Pacific sectors of the ACC, whereas the nonlocal process is important in the Atlantic sector. Our results suggest that the five narrow regions associated with significant topography play key roles in the energy balance of the ACC region.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand the eddy–mean flow interactions in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from the energetic viewpoint. Our results show that the five narrow regions called “hotspots” in our study are responsible for the energy transfer from the mean flow to eddies. It is also found that the hotspots are important for the energy sink in the Southern Ocean. These findings suggest that the five hotspots are likely to play key roles in the responses of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the changes in westerlies in these decades.
Impact of Fluid Balance on Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay in Critically Ill Trauma Patients
Authors: Bright Treasure V. , Johnson Donald W. , Humanez Jose C. , Husty Todd D. , Crandall Marie , Shald Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2023

Background There is significant data in the medical and surgical literature supporting the correlations between positive volume balance and negative outcomes such as AKI, prolonged mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay and increased mortality. Methods This single-center, retrospective chart review included adult patients identified from a Trauma Registry database. The primary outcome was the total ICU LOS. Secondary outcomes include hospital LOS, ventilator-free days, incidence of compartment syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal replacement therapy (RRT), and days of vasopressor therapy. Results In general, baseline characteristics were similar between groups with the exception of mechanism of injury, FAST exam, and disposition from the ED. The ICU LOS was shortest in the negative fluid balance and longest in the positive fluid balance group (4 days vs 6 days, P = .001). Hospital LOS was also shorter in the negative balance group than that of the positive balance group (7 days vs 12 days, P < .001). More patients in the positive balance group experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome compared to the negative balance group (6.3% vs 0%, P = .004). There was no significant difference in the incidence of renal replacement therapy, days of vasopressor therapy, or ventilator-free days. Discussion A negative fluid balance at seventy-two hours was associated with a shorter ICU and hospital LOS in critically ill trauma patients. Our observed correlation between positive volume balance and total ICU days merits further exploration with prospective, comparative studies of lower volume resuscitation to key physiologic endpoints compared with routine standard of care.
Early Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Traumatically Injured Patients: A National Trauma Database Analysis
Authors: Lammers Daniel , Rokayak Omar , Uhlich Rindi , Hu Parker , Baird Emily , Rakestraw Stephanie , Betzold Richard , McClellan John , Eckert Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in acute trauma patients is a poorly characterized event. While ECMO most commonly has been deployed for advanced cardiopulmonary or respiratory failure following initial resuscitation, growing levels of evidence for out of hospital cardiac arrest support early ECMO cannulation as part of resuscitative efforts. We sought to perform a descriptive analysis evaluating traumatically injured patients, who were placed on ECMO, during their initial resuscitation period. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program Database from 2017 to 2019. All traumatically injured patients who received ECMO within the first 24 hours of their hospitalization were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to define patient characteristics and injury patterns associated with the need for ECMO, while mortality represented the primary outcome evaluated. Results A total of 696 trauma patients received ECMO during their hospitalization, of which 221 were placed on ECMO within the first 24 hours. Early ECMO patients were on average 32.5 years old, 86% male, and sustained a penetrating injury 9% of the time. The average ISS was 30.7, and the overall mortality rate was 41.2%. Prehospital cardiac arrest was noted in 18.2% of the patient population resulting in a 46.8% mortality. Of those who underwent resuscitative thoracotomy, a 53.3% mortality rate was present. Conclusion Early cannulation for ECMO in severely injured patients may provide an opportunity for rescue therapy following severe injury patterns. Further evaluation regarding the safety profile, cannulation strategies, and optimal injury patterns for these techniques should be evaluated.
Time to Splenic Angioembolization Does Not Impact Splenic Salvage Rates
Authors: Harfouche Melike N. , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Hawley Kristy L. , DuBose Joseph J. , Kozar Rosemary A. , Feliciano David V. , Scalea Thomas M. 
Published: March 2023

We aimed to determine whether early (<6 hours) vs delayed (≥6 hours) splenic angioembolization (SAE) after blunt splenic trauma (grades II-V) impacted splenic salvage rates at a level I trauma center (2016-2021). The primary outcome was delayed splenectomy by timing of SAE. Mean time of SAE was determined for those who failed vs those who had successful splenic salvage. We retrospectively identified 226 individuals, from which 76 (33.6%) were in the early group and 150 (66.4%) were in the delayed group. The early group had higher AAST grade, greater amount of hemoperitoneum on CT, and 3.9x greater odds of undergoing delayed splenectomy (P = .046). Time to embolization was shorter in the group that failed splenic salvage (5 vs 10 hours, P = .051). On multivariate analysis, timing of SAE had no effect on splenic salvage. This study supports performing SAE on an urgent rather than emergent basis in stable patients after blunt splenic injury.
Diet quality as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and depression among family caregivers of patients with chronic illness in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alreshidi Salman M. , Rayani Ahmad M. , Alhumaid Ahlam F. 
Published: March 2023

Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation between caregivers’ perceived stress and depression and the mediating role of diet in this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed from January to August 2022 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Utilizing the Stress Scale, the Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, researchers assessed levels of perceived stress, diet quality, and depression. A bootstrap approach and the SPSS PROCESS macro were used to assess the importance of the mediation effect. The target population was family caregivers of patients with chronic illness at Medical City in Saudi Arabia. Researchers surveyed a convenience sample of 127 patients, with 119 providing complete data for a response rate of 93.7%. A significant correlation was found between depression and perceived stress ( β = 0.438, p < 0.001). Diet quality mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress ( β = 0.187, p = 0.018). The importance of the indirect effect of perceived stress through diet quality was supported by the nonparametric bootstrapping method (95% bootstrap CI = 0.010, 0.080). The indirect effect of diet quality explained 15.8% of the overall variation in depression. Conclusions These findings help to clarify the mediating effects of diet quality on the relationship between perceived stress and depression.
The Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid on the Postoperative Bleeding in Patients Receiving Head-and-Neck Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Basurrah Mohammed A. , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: March 2023

Objectives We assessed the effect of tranexamic acid on postoperative bleeding, and any adverse effects, in patients undergoing head-and-neck surgery. Methods We searched databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane database) from their dates of inception to August 31, 2021. We analyzed studies that compared bleeding-related morbidity between perioperative tranexamic acid and placebo (control) groups. We subanalyzed tranexamic acid administration methods. Results The extent of postoperative bleeding (standardized mean difference [SMD] = –0.7817, [–1.4237; –0.1398], P = 0.0170, I2 = 92.2%) was significantly less in the treatment group. However, there were no significant between-group differences in terms of operative time (SMD = –0.0463 [–0.2147; 0.1221]; P = 0.5897, I2 = 0.0% [0.0%; 32.9%]); intraoperative blood loss (SMD = –0.7711 [–1.6274; 0.0852], P = 0.0776, I2 = 94.4%); drain removal timing (SMD = –0.3382 [–0.9547; 0.2782], P = 0.2822, I2 = 81.7%); or the amount of infused perioperative fluid (SMD = –0.0622 [–0.2615; 0.1372], P = 0.5410, I2 = 35.5%). Also, there were no significant between-group differences in laboratory findings (serum bilirubin, creatinine, and urea levels; and the coagulation profiles) between the tranexamic acid and control groups. Topical application was associated with a shorter postoperative drain tube dwell time than was systemic administration. Conclusion Perioperative tranexamic acid significantly reduced postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing head-and-neck surgery. Also, topical administration might be more effective in postoperative bleeding and postoperative drain tube dwell time.