bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MVS‐SLAM: Enhanced multiview geometry for improved semantic RGBD SLAM in dynamic environment
Authors: Islam Qamar Ul , Ibrahim Haidi , Chin Pan Kok , Lim Kevin , Abdullah Mohd Zaid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSimultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a crucial technology for intelligent mobile robots to operate successfully in unknown environments. While many excellent SLAM systems have been developed in recent years, most assume that the environment is static, resulting in poor performance in dynamic environments. To address this limitation, we propose multiview stereo (MVS)‐SLAM (MVS‐SLAM), a real‐time semantic RGBD SLAM system with improved‐multiview geometry, built on the RGBD mode of ORB‐SLAM3. MVS‐SLAM tightly integrates semantic and geometric information to tackle the challenges posed by dynamic scenes. To meet the real‐time requirements, the semantic module leverages the latest and fastest object detection network, YOLOv7, to provide semantic prior knowledge for the geometric module. We introduce a novel geometric constraint method that capitalizes on depth images and semantic information to recover three‐dimensional (3D) feature points and initial camera pose. We use a 3D coordinate error threshold to identify dynamic points and remove them using the K‐means clustering algorithm. This approach effectively reduces the impact of dynamic points. We validate MVS‐SLAM using challenging dynamic sequences from the TUM data set, demonstrating that it significantly improves localization accuracy and system robustness in all types of dynamic environments.
Grammar‐based fuzzing of data integration parsers in computational materials science
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Sparka Jan Arne , Kuban Martin , Draxl Claudia , Grunske Lars 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContextComputational materials science (CMS) focuses on in silico experiments to compute the properties of known and novel materials, where many software packages are used in the community. The NOMAD Laboratory (Draxl C, Scheffler) offers to store the input and output files in its FAIR data repository. Since the file formats of these software packages are non‐standardized, parsers are used to provide the results in a normalized format.ObjectiveThe main goal of this article is to report experience and findings of using grammar‐based fuzzing on these parsers.MethodWe have constructed an input grammar for four common software packages in the CMS domain and performed an experimental evaluation on the capabilities of grammar‐based fuzzing to detect failures in the Novel Materials Discovery (NOMAD) parsers.ResultsWith our approach, we were able to identify three unique critical bugs concerning service availability, as well as several additional syntactic, semantic, logical, and downstream bugs in the investigated NOMAD parsers. We reported all issues to the developer team prior to publication.ConclusionBased on the experience gained, we can recommend grammar‐based fuzzing also for other research software packages to improve the trust level in the correctness of the produced results.
Research progress into the application of Mycobacterium phlei in veterinary medicine
Authors: Li Fan , Li Xiang , Jiang Meng‐Lin , Wang Chun‐Hua , Liu Gao‐Feng , Yang Zi , Wu Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMycobacterium phlei is a gram‐positive acid‐fast mycobacterium from the family Mycobacteriaceae. It is a valuable resource for both natural drugs and microecological preparations. It has been widely used in the field of human medicine; however, in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the research and application of M. phlei is still in the preliminary exploration stage. This study aims to summarize the research progress of M. phlei in the field of veterinary medicine and provide a valuable reference for future research. Key words, such as ‘M. phlei’, ‘veterinary field’, ‘immune balancer’, ‘genome’ and other relevant words to this study, were used to search through PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that the culture conditions of M. phlei were relatively simple, but its bacterial composition and genome sequence were relatively complex, and various components in the cell wall may have immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the inactivated preparation made from M. phlei can have various applications in the veterinary field, such as growth regulation, immune regulation, antitumour, anti‐parasite and asthma treatment. The literature review indicates that M. phlei preparation is an efficient and convenient immune system balance agent. Despite the challenges associated with the use of M. phlei preparations, it has a strong potential for application in veterinary medicine.
A case of forensic genomics in Uganda reveals animal ownership and low exotic genetic introgression in indigenous cattle
Authors: Masembe Charles , Benda Kirungi Katali , Opoola Oluyinka , Francis Mayega Johnson , Ndinawe Ruth Pamela , Beine Peter , Mukiibi Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe cattle industry contributes to Uganda's agricultural output. It faces challenges that include theft and parentage ascertainment. These challenges can benefit from recent molecular genomics and bioinformatics technologies.ObjectivesWe employed genomic analyses to establish potential ownership of a group of nine cattle that were being claimed by two farmers in Uganda. We investigated the genetic relationship of Ugandan cattle with regional indigenous breeds as well as exotic breeds that are currently present in Uganda. In addition, we investigated regions that are likely to be under selection in the Ugandan cattle.MethodsHair samples were collected from seven and two animals from farmers A and B, respectively. They were genotyped for 53,218 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers. To establish genetic relationships between the sampled animals, we performed genomic analyses including, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis and identity by state/descent. We also performed admixture and runs of homozygosity analyses to assess the ancestry composition and identify regions potentially under selection in Ugandan cattle, respectively.ResultsThe seven animals from Farmer A were genetically close to each other but showed minimal relationship with the disputed animals. The two animals from Farmer B were genetically distant from each other but showed greater similarity to four of the disputed animals. Four of the disputed animals showed great dissimilarity from the animals of both farmers. Comparison of these with the reference breeds revealed minimal European exotic genetic introgression into these animals, but rather high similarity to the Sheko. Results also revealed high homozygosity in the major histocompatibility complex regions.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the use of currently available genomic tools to empirically establish the ownership of cattle; these could be scaled up as a resourceful and viable tool that could be employed to support conflict resolution where reliable livestock identification is unavailable.
4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model
Authors: Islam Md. Sadequl , Islam Md. Mominul , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Islam Khaleda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe risks to human health have grown over the past 10 years due to the excessive use of mobile phones.ObjectivesThe study was designed to determine the harmful effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the expression of immunogenic and vascular genes and gross, microscopic and biochemical alterations in the development of chicken embryos.MethodsSixty individuals in the exposure group were subjected to mobile phones with a specific absorption rate of 1.4 W/kg and a frequency of 2100 MHz positioned at a distance of 12 cm in the incubator for 60 min/night for 14 days. The histopathological examination involved hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas cresyl violet staining was used to evaluate the condition and number of neurons in the brain. The biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid were analysed using the photometry method, and the expression of VEGF‐A and immunity genes (AvBD9, IL6) was measured using the real‐time PCR (qPCR) technique.ResultsCompared to the control, the exposure group's body weight and length significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Subcutaneous bleeding was seen in the exposure group. Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were all significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). The exposed group showed pathological lesions in the liver and degenerated neurons with lightly stained nuclei in the cerebral cortex. Hyperchromatic neurons were significantly higher in the exposure group (58.8 ± 2.28) compared to the control (6.6 ± 0.44) (p < 0.05). 4G exposure reduced lymphocyte count in the caecal tonsil (86.8 ± 5.38) compared to the control (147.2 ± 9.06) (p < 0.05). Vascular gene mRNA expression was higher, but immune gene expression was lower in the exposed group.ConclusionExposure to mobile phone radiation may result in gross, microscopic and biochemical changes, as well as alterations in gene expression that could hinder embryonic development.
Infestation and distribution of chiggers on the Anderson's white‐bellied rats in southwest China
Authors: Guo Yu , Guo Xian‐Guo , Peng Pei‐Ying , Lv Yan , Xiang Rong , Song Wen‐Yu , Huang Xiao‐Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a group of ectoparasites, chiggers (larvae of chigger mites) are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease). Rodents are the most important hosts of chiggers. The Anderson's niviventer rat, Niviventer andersoni, is an endemic species of rodent in China. However, few studies have involved this endemic rodent species and its ectoparasites including chiggers. According to the field investigation in five provincial regions of southwest China between 2001 and 2019, this paper retrospectively analysed the infestation and distribution of chiggers on the body surface of N. andersoni in southwest China for the first time. From 77 Anderson's niviventer rats captured, a total of 527 chiggers were collected and they were identified as 39 species and nine genera in two subfamilies of family Trombiculidae. Of 39 chigger species identified, Leptotrombidium deliense and L. scutellare are the most important vectors of scrub typhus in China. The overall infestation indexes were PM = 29.87%, MA = 6.84 and MI = 22.91, and the indexes of chigger mite community were Mf = 39, H' = 2.60, E = 0.71 and D = 0.12. The dominant chigger species are L. wenense, L. xiaguanense and L. fujianense with a total Cr = 51.04%, among which L. wenense is one of the six main vectors of scrub typhus in China. The dominant chigger species are of aggregated distribution among different individuals of the rats.
The synergistic degradation of pollutants in water by photocatalysis and PMS activation
Authors: Yueyu Song 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the synergistic degradation of water pollutants through advanced oxidation technology has emerged as a prominent research area due to its integration of various advanced oxidation technologies. The combined utilization of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation technology and photocatalysis demonstrates mild and nontoxic characteristics, enabling the degradation of water pollutants across a wide pH range. Moreover, this approach reduces the efficiency of electron hole recombination, broadens the catalyst's light response range, facilitates electron transfer of PMS, and ultimately improves its photocatalytic performance. The paper reviews the current research status of photocatalytic technology and PMS activation technology, respectively, while highlighting the advancements achieved through the integration of photocatalytic synergetic PMS activation technology for water pollutant degradation. Furthermore, this review delves into the mechanisms involving both free radicals and nonradicals in the reaction process and presents a promising prospect for future development in water treatment technology.Practitioner Points

Degradation of water pollutants by photocatalysis and PMS synergistic action has emerged.
Synergism can enhance the generation of free radicals.
This technology can provide theoretical support for actual wastewater treatment.
A Bio-inspired Perceptual Decision-Making Circuit Based on the Hassenstein-Reichardt Direction Detector
Authors: Birkoben Tom , Hansen Mirko , Ignatov Marina , Ziegler Martin , Kohlstedt Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDecision-making belongs to one of the most prominent principles in the nerve system of living species. The crucial trade-off between time to decide (speed) and accuracy is essential for a creature to react to environmental stimuli and most importantly, relevant for survival. In-depth studies of coherent motion tasks in primates, based on two-choice decision experiments, led to a profound understanding of neuronal information processing and even bridged the gap to behavioural psychology. Three fundamental processing stages are needed to successfully perform a two-choice decision experiment based on a saccadic eye movement task: the neuronal representation of the sensory signal, the integration of the incoming stimuli and the comparison of the accumulated information to a threshold for a final decision. In accordance to the results of decision-making experiments with primates, an analogue electronic decision-making circuit was developed. Our concept study includes a LED-matrix showing moving light dots (i.e. the tasks screen in primate experiments), an array of photo diodes (i.e. retina of the primate, sensory evidence), a Hassenstein-Reichardt Detector (HRD) based motion detection (i.e. a correlation-type motion detector with a high biological relevance, based on an inhibitory circuit and delay lines) and finally a signal integration circuit. The latter stage represents the decision-making unit and is realised through an inhibitory mutual coupling of the accumulated signals. The entirely analogue circuit is based on integrate and fire relaxation oscillators to mimic firing neurons. We would like to emphasise that the presented real time decision-making system is closely related to biological information pathways in nerve systems. Neither a digital computer nor programming is necessary for decision-making, which might be an interesting approach for real time data processing in autonomous robots.
Biologically Inspired and Energy-Efficient Neurons
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyan , Simmich Sebastian , Zahari Finn , Birkoben Tom , Noll Maximiliane , Wolfer Tobias , Hennig Eckhard , Rieger Robert , Kohlstedt Hermann , Bahr Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon neurons represent different levels of biological details and accuracies as a trade-off between complexity and power consumption. With respect to this trade-off and high similarity to neuron behaviour models, relaxation-type oscillator circuits often yield a good compromise to emulate neurons. In this chapter, two exemplified relaxation-type silicon neurons are presented that emulate neural behaviour with energy consumption under the scale of nJ/spike. The first proposed fully CMOS relaxation SiN is based on mathematical Izhikevich model and can mimic a broad range of physiologically observable spike patterns. The results of kinds of biologically plausible output patterns and coupling process of two SiNs are presented in 0.35 $$\upmu $$
μ
m CMOS technology. The second type is a novel ultra-low-frequency hybrid CMOS-memristive SiN based on relaxation oscillators and analog memristive devices. The hybrid SiN directly emulates neuron behaviour in the range of physiological spiking frequencies (less than 100 Hz). The relaxation oscillator is implemented and fabricated in 0.13 $$\upmu $$
μ
m CMOS technology. An autonomous neuronal synchronization process is demonstrated with two relaxation oscillators coupled by an analog memristive device in the measurement to emulate the synchronous behaviour between spiking neurons.
Redox-Based Bi-Layer Metal Oxide Memristive Devices
Authors: Zahari Finn , Park Seongae , Mahadevaiah Mamathamba K. , Wenger Christian , Kohlstedt Hermann , Ziegler Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a memristor or a so-called memristive device, the resistance state depends on the previous charge flow through the device. The new resistance state is stored and classifies a memristor as a non-volatile memory device. This likewise unique and simple feature qualifies memristive devices as attractive compartments with regard to the development of a universal memory and beyond von Neumann computing architectures, including in-memory computing and neuromorphic circuits. In this chapter, we present studies on two kinds of bi-layer metal oxide memristive devices with the layer sequences Nb/NbO$$_{\textrm{z}}$$

z

/Al$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

/Nb$$_{\textrm{x}}$$

x

O$$_{\textrm{y}}$$

y

/Au and TiN/TiO$$_\textrm{x}$$

x

/HfO$$_\textrm{x}$$

x

/Au, either prepared by reactive DC-magnetron sputtering, etching and optical lithography. It is shown that the memristive properties of such devices can be engineered, which enables tailoring of the memristive devices for particular applications.
A Wave Digital Approach Towards Bio-inspired Computing Using Memristive Networks
Authors: Michaelis Dennis , Ochs Karlheinz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBio-inspired computing is a promising approach to tackle problems that are too complex for state-of-the-art computing approaches. It is a highly interdisciplinary field of research as it requires expertise, which ranges from understanding biological organisms (psychology, physiology zoology, biology, bio-chemistry) to building electrical circuits (electrical engineering, physics). This chapter focuses on theoretical circuits designs and concepts to abstractly map biological behavior to idealized circuits. We utilize a special digital emulation technique as a tool to digitally replicate circuits and hence bridge the gap from biological behavioral observation to hardware circuit designs. Application examples include parameter optimization of a neuronal oscillator, gait pattern generation, multi-neuron communication, neuroplasticity and optical illusions. The fundamental circuit elemental to realize several bio-inspired circuit designs is the memristor, which is essentially a resistor with a memory. Since memristors are hard to fabricate with the current state of technology, digital emulators are a useful tool to accelerate development cycles and investigate the circuits of the next generation.
Professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Politiklehrkräften
Authors: Manzel Sabine , Gronostay Dorothee , Hahn-Laudenberg Katrin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die Genese eines Modells professioneller Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Politiklehrkräften für die Arbeit mit Animationsfilmen im Projekt LArS.nrw. Ausgehend von kompetenzorientierten Forschungsansätzen zur Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung wird ein fachdidaktisch gewendetes Modell entwickelt, welches professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Politiklehrkräften als wissensbasierten Prozess bestimmt, dem die Kompetenzdimensionen Professionswissen, beliefs und motivationale Orientierungen zugrunde liegen und der sich durch situiertes Lernen fördern lässt.
Arbeit mit LArS-Animationsvideos in der Lehrer*innenbildung
Authors: Hahn-Laudenberg Katrin , Gronostay Dorothee , Manzel Sabine 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag werden die Möglichkeiten der praktischen Arbeit mit den LArS-Animationen und den entwickelten Lehr-Lernmaterialien vorgestellt. Nach der Erläuterung des didaktischen Konzepts wird ein Überblick über die erstellten Animationsvideos gegeben. Der Beitrag bietet eine grundlegende Einführung in den Aufbau und Inhalt der Lehr-/Lernumgebungen in drei Modulen mit insgesamt 12 Modulteilen. Darüber hinaus werden die Prozesse der Qualitätssicherung erläutert.
Montage von Elektrofahrzeugen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Dorn Benjamin , Kehrer Mario , Dünnwald Simon , Budde Lucas , Keusen Maximilian , Rosen Felix , Deutskens Christoph , Kreisköther Kai , Förstmann Ruben , Nee Carsten 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungRapide steigende Absatzzahlen auf globalen Märkten, verbunden mit der Forderung nach zunehmender Derivatevielfalt, verleihen der Auslegung der Produktionsprozesse von Elektrofahrzeugen zentrale Bedeutung. Die Produktionsplanung muss die Voraussetzungen dafür schaffen, dass sich die Produktion in den gesetzten Korridoren flexibel an die aktuell gegebene Kundennachfrage anpassen lässt. Die Wandlungsfähigkeit von Produktionssystemen ist ein zentraler Fokus. Neben den Fertigungsprozessen für die Einzelkomponenten selbst bilden dafür vor allem die Montageprozesse der Fahrzeuge wesentliche Stellhebel.
Produktionsverfahren elektrischer Maschinen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Dorn Benjamin , Nankemann Michael , Kraus Andreas , Stäck Christian , Born Henrik 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungUnabhängig von der Art der Energiebereitstellung, sei es durch einen Hochvoltspeicher wie einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie oder durch eine Brennstoffzelle: Im elektrifizierten Fahrzeug sind eine oder mehrere elektrische Maschinen für den Antrieb verantwortlich. Wie in Kap. 9 eingeführt, gibt es unterschiedliche Motortopologien. Aufgrund der besonderen produktbezogenen Bedeutung des Blechpakets der elektrischen Maschine wird im folgenden Kapitel das Herstellungsverfahren thematisiert. Aus produktionstechnischer Sicht ist insbesondere die Rotorproduktion als Differenzierungsmerkmal zwischen diesen Topologien zu beachten. Dabei werden auch unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten betrachtet, Technologien zur Produktion des Stators der elektrischen Maschine miteinander zu kombinieren. Aufgrund ihrer steigenden Bedeutung im Kontext der Traktionsanwendung im elektrischen Fahrzeug wird ein Hauptaugenmerk auf die Flachdraht-Technologie („Hairpin“) gelegt. Abschließend werden die Qualitätssicherung in der Produktion elektrischer Maschinen und unterschiedliche Aspekte der Montage beschrieben.
Produktionsverfahren in der Leistungselektronik
Authors: De Doncker Rik W. , Austrup Isabel , Kalker Sven , Ruppert Lukas 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden der Aufbau und potenzielle Produktionsausführungen der verschiedenen leistungselektronischen Komponenten erläutert. Dabei wird auf die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik (AVT) von Leistungshalbleitern, auf die verschiedenen Optionen der Kühlung sowie auf die potenziellen Ausführungen von passiven Bauelementen und Treiberschaltungen eingegangen. Zuletzt werden Maßnahmen zum Schutz vor elektrostatischer Entladung während der Produktion vorgestellt.