bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hazelnut abscission is delayed by simulated drift of 2,4-D
Authors: Moretti Marcelo L. , de Souza Larissa Larroca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe herbicide 2,4-D is commonly used for sucker control in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). However, the use of 2,4-D for sucker control has been implicated in delaying natural abscission in hazelnut. Hazelnuts naturally abscise and are collected from the orchard floor. Delays in abscission may reduce nut quality due to the onset of the rainy season, increasing mold and mud in the nuts. The effect of basal-directed applications of 2,4-D on hazelnut abscission, yield, and quality was assessed. In the first study, four basal-directed applications of 2,4-D (1.06 kg ae ha−1) did not affect hazelnut abscission, yield, or quality compared with glufosinate (1.1 kg ai ha−1) or manual pruning. In a second 3-yr study, a single yearly simulated drift of 2,4-D to the tree canopy at 0.06 and 0.6 mg L−1 increased the growing degree-day requirement from 50 to 141 to reach 50% hazelnut abscission, compared with the nontreated control. This is the equivalent of 5 to 15 calendar days. No effect was observed in the third year of the study when the simulated drift was not performed. No differences in abscission were observed with basal-directed applications of 2,4-D at rates up to 4.4 kg ha−1 when applied four times each season during all 3 yr of the study. Simulated drift reduced hazelnut yield by up to 37% and reduced the percentage of marketable nuts during 1 yr of the study. No effect on average kernel weight was observed. However, 2,4-D drift did delay hazelnut abscission, highlighting the importance of drift control measures.
Dry Live Fuels Increase the Likelihood of Lightning‐Caused Fires
Authors: Rao Krishna , Williams A. Park , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Yebra Marta , Bryant Colleen , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLive fuel moisture content (LFMC) is a key determinant of landscape ignition potential, but quantitative estimates of its effects on wildfire are lacking. We present a causal inference framework to isolate the effect of LFMC from other drivers like fuel type, fuel amount, and meteorology. We show that in California when LFMC is below a critical flammability threshold, the likelihood of fires is 1.8 times as high statewide (2.25% vs. 1.27%) and 2.5 times as high in shrubs, compared to when LFMC is greater than the threshold. This risk ratio is >2 times when LFMC is 10% less than the threshold. Between 2016 and 2021, the risk ratio was highest in 2020 (2.3 times), potentially contributing to the record‐breaking wildfire activity in 2020. Our estimates can inform several wildfire prediction and management applications, including wildfire suppression, prescribed burn planning, and public safety power shutoff implementation.
The First Ground Level Enhancement Seen on Three Planetary Surfaces: Earth, Moon, and Mars
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Li Xiaolei , Zhang Jian , Dobynde Mikhail I. , Wang Yuming , Xu Zigong , Berger Thomas , Semkova Jordanka , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Hassler Donald M. , Zeitlin Cary , Ehresmann Bent , Matthiä Daniel , Zhuang Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOn 28 October 2021, solar eruptions caused intense and long‐lasting solar energetic particle (SEP) flux enhancements observed by spacecraft located over a wide longitudinal range in the heliosphere. SEPs arriving at Earth caused the 73rd ground level enhancement (GLE) event recorded by ground‐based neutron monitors. In particular, this is also the first GLE event seen on the surface of three planetary bodies, Earth, Moon, and Mars, by particle and radiation detectors as shown in this study. We derive the event‐integrated proton spectrum from measurements by near‐Earth spacecraft and predict the lunar and martian surface radiation levels using particle transport models. Event doses at the lunar and martian surfaces of previous GLE events are also modeled and compared with the current event. This statistical and comparative study advances our understanding of potential radiation risks induced by extreme SEP events for future human explorations of the Moon and Mars.
Accelerating Atmospheric Gravity Wave Simulations Using Machine Learning: Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability and Mountain Wave Sources Driving Gravity Wave Breaking and Secondary Gravity Wave Generation
Authors: Dong Wenjun , Fritts David C. , Liu Alan Z. , Lund Thomas S. , Liu Han‐Li , Snively Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGravity waves (GWs) and their associated multi‐scale dynamics are known to play fundamental roles in energy and momentum transport and deposition processes throughout the atmosphere. We describe an initial machine learning model—the Compressible Atmosphere Model Network (CAM‐Net). CAM‐Net is trained on high‐resolution simulations by the state‐of‐the‐art model Complex Geometry Compressible Atmosphere Model (CGCAM). Two initial applications to a Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability source and mountain wave generation, propagation, breaking, and Secondary GW (SGW) generation in two wind environments are described here. Results show that CAM‐Net can capture the key 2‐D dynamics modeled by CGCAM with high precision. Spectral characteristics of primary and SGWs estimated by CAM‐Net agree well with those from CGCAM. Our results show that CAM‐Net can achieve a several order‐of‐magnitude acceleration relative to CGCAM without sacrificing accuracy and suggests a potential for machine learning to enable efficient and accurate descriptions of primary and secondary GWs in global atmospheric models.
Angle-programmed tendril-like trajectories enable a multifunctional gripper with ultradelicacy, ultrastrength, and ultraprecision
Authors: Hong Yaoye , Zhao Yao , Berman Joseph , Chi Yinding , Li Yanbin , Huang He , Yin Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving multicapability in a single soft gripper for handling ultrasoft, ultrathin, and ultraheavy objects is challenging due to the tradeoff between compliance, strength, and precision. Here, combining experiments, theory, and simulation, we report utilizing angle-programmed tendril-like grasping trajectories for an ultragentle yet ultrastrong and ultraprecise gripper. The single gripper can delicately grasp fragile liquids with minimal contact pressure (0.05 kPa), lift objects 16,000 times its own weight, and precisely grasp ultrathin, flexible objects like 4-μm-thick sheets and 2-μm-diameter microfibers on flat surfaces, all with a high success rate. Its scalable and material-independent design allows for biodegradable noninvasive grippers made from natural leaves. Explicitly controlled trajectories facilitate its integration with robotic arms and prostheses for challenging tasks, including picking grapes, opening zippers, folding clothes, and turning pages. This work showcases soft grippers excelling in extreme scenarios with potential applications in agriculture, food processing, prosthesis, biomedicine, minimally invasive surgeries, and deep-sea exploration.
Selective nucleophilic α-C alkylation of phenols with alcohols via Ti=Cα intermediate on anatase TiO2 surface
Authors: Du Xinze , Fan Hongjun , Liu Shenglin , Zhang Z. Conrad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractC−C bond forming reaction by alkylation of aryl rings is a main pillar of chemistry in the production of broad portfolios of chemical products. The dominant mechanism proceeds via electrophilic substitution of secondary and tertiary carbocations over acid catalysts, forming multiple aryl alkylation products non-selectively through all secondary and tertiary carbons in the alkyl chains but producing little α-C alkylation products because primary carbocations are poorly stable. Herein, we report that anatase TiO2 (TiO2-A) catalyzes nucleophilic α-C alkylation of phenols with alcohols in high selectivity to simply linear alkylphenols. Experimental and computational studies reveal the formation of Ti=C− bond with the α-carbon of the alkyl group at oxygen vacancies of the TiO2-A surface. The subsequent α-C alkylation by selective substitution of phenol ortho-C−H bond is verified by deuterium exchanged substrate and DFT calculations.
Adiabatic topological photonic interfaces
Authors: Vakulenko Anton , Kiriushechkina Svetlana , Smirnova Daria , Guddala Sriram , Komissarenko Filipp , Alù Andrea , Allen Monica , Allen Jeffery , Khanikaev Alexander B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTopological phases of matter have been attracting significant attention across diverse fields, from inherently quantum systems to classical photonic and acoustic metamaterials. In photonics, topological phases offer resilience and bring novel opportunities to control light with pseudo-spins. However, topological photonic systems can suffer from limitations, such as breakdown of topological properties due to their symmetry-protected origin and radiative leakage. Here we introduce adiabatic topological photonic interfaces, which help to overcome these issues. We predict and experimentally confirm that topological metasurfaces with slowly varying synthetic gauge fields significantly improve the guiding features of spin-Hall and valley-Hall topological structures commonly used in the design of topological photonic devices. Adiabatic variation in the domain wall profiles leads to the delocalization of topological boundary modes, making them less sensitive to details of the lattice, perceiving the structure as an effectively homogeneous Dirac metasurface. As a result, the modes showcase improved bandgap crossing, longer radiative lifetimes and propagation distances.
Genomic insight into domestication of rubber tree
Authors: Chao Jinquan , Wu Shaohua , Shi Minjing , Xu Xia , Gao Qiang , Du Huilong , Gao Bin , Guo Dong , Yang Shuguang , Zhang Shixin , Li Yan , Fan Xiuli , Hai Chunyan , Kou Liquan , Zhang Jiao , Wang Zhiwei , Li Yan , Xue Wenbo , Xu Jiang , Deng Xiaomin , Huang Xiao , Gao Xinsheng , Zhang Xiaofei , Hu Yanshi , Zeng Xia , Li Weiguo , Zhang Liangsheng , Peng Shiqing , Wu Jilin , Hao Bingzhong , Wang Xuchu , Yu Hong , Li Jiayang , Liang Chengzhi , Tian Wei-Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) domestication is crucial for further improving natural rubber production to meet its increasing demand worldwide. Here we provide a high-quality H. brasiliensis genome assembly (1.58 Gb, contig N50 of 11.21 megabases), present a map of genome variations by resequencing 335 accessions and reveal domestication-related molecular signals and a major domestication trait, the higher number of laticifer rings. We further show that HbPSK5, encoding the small-peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK), is a key domestication gene and closely correlated with the major domestication trait. The transcriptional activation of HbPSK5 by myelocytomatosis (MYC) members links PSK signaling to jasmonates in regulating the laticifer differentiation in rubber tree. Heterologous overexpression of HbPSK5 in Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) can increase rubber content by promoting laticifer formation. Our results provide an insight into target genes for improving rubber tree and accelerating the domestication of other rubber-producing plants.
Decadal changes in Atlantic overturning due to the excessive 1990s Labrador Sea convection
Authors: Böning C. W. , Wagner P. , Handmann P. , Schwarzkopf F. U. , Getzlaff K. , Biastoch A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChanges in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) represent a crucial component of Northern Hemisphere climate variability. In modelling studies decadal overturning variability has been attributed to the intensity of deep winter convection in the Labrador Sea. This linkage is challenged by transport observations at sections across the subpolar gyre. Here we report simulations with an eddy-rich ocean model which captures the observed concentration of downwelling in the northeastern Atlantic and the negligible impact of interannual variations in Labrador Sea convection during the last decade. However, the exceptionally cold winters in the Labrador Sea during the first half of the 1990s induced a positive AMOC anomaly of more than 20%, mainly by augmenting the downwelling in the northeastern North Atlantic. The remote effect of excessive Labrador Sea buoyancy forcing is related to rapid spreading of mid-depth density anomalies into the Irminger Sea and their entrainment into the deep boundary current off Greenland.
Molecular pathway and structural mechanism of human oncochannel TRPV6 inhibition by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin
Authors: Neuberger Arthur , Trofimov Yury A. , Yelshanskaya Maria V. , Khau Jeffrey , Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Khosrof Lena S. , Krylov Nikolay A. , Efremov Roman G. , Sobolevsky Alexander I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe calcium-selective oncochannel TRPV6 is an important driver of cell proliferation in human cancers. Despite increasing interest of pharmacological research in developing synthetic inhibitors of TRPV6, natural compounds acting at this channel have been largely neglected. On the other hand, pharmacokinetics of natural small-molecule antagonists optimized by nature throughout evolution endows these compounds with a medicinal potential to serve as potent and safe next-generation anti-cancer drugs. Here we report the structure of human TRPV6 in complex with tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a natural cannabinoid inhibitor extracted fromCannabis sativa. We use cryo-electron microscopy combined with electrophysiology, calcium imaging, mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify THCV binding sites in the portals that connect the membrane environment surrounding the protein to the central cavity of the channel pore and to characterize the allosteric mechanism of TRPV6 inhibition. We also propose the molecular pathway taken by THCV to reach its binding site. Our study provides a foundation for the development of new TRPV6-targeting drugs.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome dynamics during human craniofacial development identifies candidate disease genes
Authors: Yankee Tara N. , Oh Sungryong , Winchester Emma Wentworth , Wilderman Andrea , Robinson Kelsey , Gordon Tia , Rosenfeld Jill A. , VanOudenhove Jennifer , Scott Daryl A. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Cotney Justin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCraniofacial disorders arise in early pregnancy and are one of the most common congenital defects. To fully understand how craniofacial disorders arise, it is essential to characterize gene expression during the patterning of the craniofacial region. To address this, we performed bulk and single-cell RNA-seq on human craniofacial tissue from 4-8 weeks post conception. Comparisons to dozens of other human tissues revealed 239 genes most strongly expressed during craniofacial development. Craniofacial-biased developmental enhancers were enriched +/− 400 kb surrounding these craniofacial-biased genes. Gene co-expression analysis revealed that regulatory hubs are enriched for known disease causing genes and are resistant to mutation in the normal healthy population. Combining transcriptomic and epigenomic data we identified 539 genes likely to contribute to craniofacial disorders. While most have not been previously implicated in craniofacial disorders, we demonstrate this set of genes has increased levels of de novo mutations in orofacial clefting patients warranting further study.
3D integration enables ultralow-noise isolator-free lasers in silicon photonics
Authors: Xiang Chao , Jin Warren , Terra Osama , Dong Bozhang , Wang Heming , Wu Lue , Guo Joel , Morin Theodore J. , Hughes Eamonn , Peters Jonathan , Ji Qing-Xin , Feshali Avi , Paniccia Mario , Vahala Kerry J. , Bowers John E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits are widely used in applications such as telecommunications and data-centre interconnects1–5. However, in optical systems such as microwave synthesizers6, optical gyroscopes7 and atomic clocks8, photonic integrated circuits are still considered inferior solutions despite their advantages in size, weight, power consumption and cost. Such high-precision and highly coherent applications favour ultralow-noise laser sources to be integrated with other photonic components in a compact and robustly aligned format—that is, on a single chip—for photonic integrated circuits to replace bulk optics and fibres. There are two major issues preventing the realization of such envisioned photonic integrated circuits: the high phase noise of semiconductor lasers and the difficulty of integrating optical isolators directly on-chip. Here we challenge this convention by leveraging three-dimensional integration that results in ultralow-noise lasers with isolator-free operation for silicon photonics. Through multiple monolithic and heterogeneous processing sequences, direct on-chip integration of III–V gain medium and ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides with optical loss around 0.5 decibels per metre are demonstrated. Consequently, the demonstrated photonic integrated circuit enters a regime that gives rise to ultralow-noise lasers and microwave synthesizers without the need for optical isolators, owing to the ultrahigh-quality-factor cavity. Such photonic integrated circuits also offer superior scalability for complex functionalities and volume production, as well as improved stability and reliability over time. The three-dimensional integration on ultralow-loss photonic integrated circuits thus marks a critical step towards complex systems and networks on silicon.
Synergy and oxygen adaptation for development of next-generation probiotics
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tanweer , Dwibedi Chinmay , Sundh Daniel , Pradhan Meenakshi , Kraft Jamie D. , Caesar Robert , Tremaroli Valentina , Lorentzon Mattias , Bäckhed Fredrik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe human gut microbiota has gained interest as an environmental factor that may contribute to health or disease1. The development of next-generation probiotics is a promising strategy to modulate the gut microbiota and improve human health; however, several key candidate next-generation probiotics are strictly anaerobic2and may require synergy with other bacteria for optimal growth.Faecalibacterium prausnitziiis a highly prevalent and abundant human gut bacterium associated with human health, but it has not yet been developed into probiotic formulations2. Here we describe the co-isolation ofF. prausnitziiandDesulfovibrio piger, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, and their cross-feeding for growth and butyrate production. To produce a next-generation probiotic formulation, we adaptedF. prausnitziito tolerate oxygen exposure, and, in proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate that the symbiotic product is tolerated by mice and humans (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03728868) and is detected in the human gut in a subset of study participants. Our study describes a technology for the production of next-generation probiotics based on the adaptation of strictly anaerobic bacteria to tolerate oxygen exposures without a reduction in potential beneficial properties. Our technology may be used for the development of other strictly anaerobic strains as next-generation probiotics.
Finite-time complete periodic synchronization of memristive neural networks with mixed delays
Authors: Brahmi Hajer , Ammar Boudour , Ksibi Amel , Cherif Farouk , Aldehim Ghadah , Alimi Adel M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the oscillatory behavior of a new class of memristor based neural networks with mixed delays and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the periodic solution of the system based on the concept of Filippov solutions of the differential equation with discontinuous right-hand side. In addition, some assumptions are determined to guarantee the globally exponentially stability of the solution. Then, we study the adaptive finite-time complete periodic synchronization problem and by applying Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, a new adaptive controller and adaptive update rule have been developed. A useful finite-time complete synchronization condition is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative simulation is given to substantiate the main results.
Survey of bed bug infestations in homeless shelters in southern France
Authors: Hasnaoui Bouthaina , Bérenger Jean Michel , Delaunay Pascal , Diarra Adama Zan , Ndiaye El Hadji Ibrahima , M’madi Saidou Ahamada , Masotti Noelle , Sevestre Jacques , Parola Philippe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBed bug has become a major public health pest worldwide. Infestation may result in numerous negative health effects. Homeless shelters are one of the most habitats that can be infested with bed bugs, a few studies have focused on bed bug infestations in these settings. We conducted a survey of infestations of bed bugs in a homeless shelter in southern France, using an innovative seven-level scale (0–6) to assess the degree of infestation, MALDI TOF-MS to identify bed bugs, and a biomolecular tool to detect bacteria. Bed bug infestations were documented in 13% (9/68) of investigated rooms. A total of 184 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as Cimex lectularius. MALDI TOF–MS analysis allowed us to obtain high-quality MS spectra for all 184 specimens, to correctly identify all specimens, and included 178/184 (97%) Log Score Values higher than 1.8. Among the bacteria tested, Wolbachia sp. DNA was found in 149/184 (81%) of the bed bugs, and one sample was positive for Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever. Our study is the first of its kind that offers new perspectives for increasing public awareness of the conditions in homeless shelters.
The effect of different hemostatic agents following dental extraction in patients under oral antithrombotic therapy: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Mahardawi Basel , Jiaranuchart Sirimanas , Arunjaroensuk Sirida , Tompkins Kevin A. , Somboonsavatdee Anupap , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis network meta-analysis was done to thoroughly evaluate the available literature on the use of different hemostatic agents for dental extraction in patients under oral antithrombotic therapy, aiming to identify the agent with the best/worst performance in bleeding control. Considering that such patients have a higher risk of bleeding, choosing the right hemostatic is essential. Twenty-three randomized clinical trials articles were included after completing the literature search. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive showed a reduction in the odds of postoperative bleeding events compared with conventional methods (i.e., gauze/cotton pressure, sutures), with a tendency toward a statistical significance (OR 0.03, P = 0.051). Tranexamic acid was the only agent that demonstrated a significantly lower risk of developing postoperative bleeding events (OR 0.27, P = 0.007). Interestingly, chitosan dental dressing and collagen plug had the shortest time to reach hemostasis. However, they ranked last among all hemostatic agents, regarding bleeding events, revealing higher odds than conventional measures. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and tranexamic acid gives favorable results in reducing postoperative bleeding events following dental extractions. Although chitosan dental dressing and collagen exhibited a faster time to reach hemostasis, they led to a higher occurrence of bleeding events.