bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosensing technology based on biomechanics in psycho analysis: Improving the efficiency of ideological and political education
Authors: Lei Donghong , Pi Yi 
Published: January 2025

In recent years, advancements in technology have significantly transformed educational paradigms, particularly through the integration of biomechanics in teaching methodologies. The incorporation of biomechanical analysis in educational settings provides valuable insights into students' physical engagement and motor skills development. This study aims to leverage biomechanical data to enhance the effectiveness of physical education and sports training. Biomechanical sensors, such as motion capture systems and wearable devices, collect critical data on parameters like gait, balance, and muscle activity. By analyzing this data, educators can gain a deeper understanding of students' physical performance and identify areas for improvement. We propose a novel biomechanical optimization framework utilizing a multi-kernel support vector machine (MK-SVM) to assess students' physical strain levels during activities. In the preprocessing stage, a median filter is employed to eliminate noise from the motion data. Features are extracted using power spectral density (PSD) analysis to evaluate students' physical responses during instructional activities. The proposed method utilizes algorithms to create personalized training environments, identifying physical responses and facilitating real-time feedback for enhanced engagement in sports and physical education. The MK-SVM algorithm is applied for feature selection, effectively categorizing student strain levels to refine personalized learning strategies. Results indicate that our approach outperforms traditional methods, achieving high accuracy (92%), Recall (98%), precision (80%), and F1-Score (88%) in assessing students' physical strain. This study demonstrates how biomechanics and technology can revolutionize physical education, fostering more adaptive and responsive learning environments.
Investigation on Glycemic Imbalance Among Students Presenting with Symptoms of Gastritis in Maflekumen School of Health Sciences of Tiko-Cameroon
Authors: Osseiny Samgwa , Tanwieh Esoh Rene , Sorel Uani Ganyap Ismaella , Marcel Fonyuy , Gyampoh Solomon 
Published: January 2025

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In 1728, Georg Ernest Stahl, a German physician first used the term “gastritis” to describe inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach. Inflammation refers to a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes irritated, reddened, swollen, and often painful. The objectives of this study were to investigate hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and euglycemia in Maflekumen students presenting with symptoms of gastritis. A laboratory based cross sectional study was carried out from December 2022 to March 2023. Fifty (50) students presenting with symptoms of gastritis were selected using a convenient sampling technique. A test strip was insert into the glucometer, and a small needle called lancet, provided with the test kit was used to prick the left side of the fingertip. Then, the edge of the strip was touch to drop of blood. And the blood sugar level of the participants displayed on the glucometer’s screen after a few seconds. The findings of this study revealed that 16 (32%) of students presenting with gastritis symptoms were having high blood glucose concentration hyperglycemia, 22 (44%) of students were having hypoglycemia and 12 (24%) showed euglycemia. Conclusively, majority of students presenting with symptoms of gastritis were having low glucose level in their blood (hypoglycemia) which makes glycemic imbalance an important factor on the virulence of gastritis disease. A constant control of the glycemic level is recommended to avoid harmful and complication of the disorder.
Automated Image Analysis for Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters Sorted by Magnetic Levitation
Authors: Ogut Mehmet Giray , Ma Peng , Gupta Rakhi , Hoerner Christian R. , Fan Alice C. , El‐Kaffas Ahmed Nagy , Durmus Naside Gozde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetic levitation‐based sorting technologies have revolutionized the detection and isolation of rare cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs). Manual counting and quantification of these cells are prone to time‐consuming processes, human error, and inter‐observer variability, particularly challenging when heterogeneous cell types in 3D clusters are present. To overcome these challenges, we developed "Fastcount," an in‐house MATLAB‐based algorithm for precise, automated quantification and phenotypic characterization of CTCs and CTCCs, in both 2D and 3D. Fastcount is 120 times faster than manual counting and produces reliable results with a ±7.3% deviation compared to a trained laboratory technician. By analyzing 400 GB of fluorescence imaging data, we showed that Fastcount outperforms manual counting and commercial software when cells are aggregated in 3D or staining artifacts are present, delivering more accurate results. We further employed Fastcount for automated analysis of 3D image stacks obtained from CTCCs isolated from colorectal adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma blood samples. Interestingly, we observed a highly heterogeneous spatial cellular composition within CTCCs, even among clusters from the same patient. Overall, Fastcount can be employed for various applications with lab‐chip devices, such as CTC detection, CTCC analysis in 3D and cell detection in biosensors.
A Smart DNA‐Based Nanosystem Containing Ribosome‐Regulating siRNA for Enhanced mRNA Transfection
Authors: Lv Zhaoyue , Huang Mengxue , Yang Jing , Li Peiran , Chang Lele , Tang Qianyun , Chen Xiaojing , Wang Shengqi , Yao Chi , Liu Peifeng , Yang Dayong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is the prerequisite for the application of mRNA‐based therapeutics. In hard‐to‐transfect cells, such as macrophages, the effective transfection of mRNA remains a long‐standing challenge. Herein, a smart DNA‐based nanosystem is reported containing ribosome biogenesis‐promoting siRNA, realizing efficient mRNA transfection in macrophages. Four monomers are copolymerized to form a nanoframework (NF), including N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as the skeleton and acrydite‐DNA as the initiator to trigger the cascade assembly of DNA hairpins (H1‐polyT and H2‐siRNA). By virtue of the phase transition characteristic of polymeric NIPAM, below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, ≈34 °C), the NF swells to expose polyT sequences to hybridize with the polyA tail of mRNA. Above the LCST, the NF deswells to encapsulate mRNA. The disulfide bond in the NF responds to glutathione, triggering the disassembly of the nanosystem; the siRNA and mRNA are released in response to triphosadenine and RNase H. The siRNA down‐regulates the expression of heat shock protein 27, which up‐regulates the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The nanosystem shows satisfactory mRNA transfection and translation efficiency in a mouse model. It is envisioned that the DNA‐based nanosystem will provide a promising carrier to deliver mRNA in hard‐to‐transfect cells and promote the development of mRNA‐based therapeutics.
Distinct transcriptomic responses to Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and APOE in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Das Sudeshna , Li Zhaozhi , Wachter Astrid , Alla Srinija , Noori Ayush , Abdourahman Aicha , Tamm Joseph A. , Woodbury Maya E. , Talanian Robert V. , Biber Knut , Karran Eric H. , Hyman Bradley T. , Serrano‐Pozo Alberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOmics studies have revealed that various brain cell types undergo profound molecular changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the spatial relationships with plaques and tangles and APOE‐linked differences remain unclear.METHODSWe performed laser capture microdissection of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, the 50 μm halo around them, tangles with the 50 μm halo around them, and areas distant (> 50 μm) from plaques and tangles in the temporal cortex of AD and control donors, followed by RNA‐sequencing.RESULTSAβ plaques exhibited upregulated microglial (neuroinflammation/phagocytosis) and downregulated neuronal (neurotransmission/energy metabolism) genes, whereas tangles had mostly downregulated neuronal genes. Aβ plaques had more differentially expressed genes than tangles. We identified a gradient Aβ plaque > peri‐plaque > tangle > distant for these changes. AD APOE ε4 homozygotes had greater changes than APOE ε3 across locations, especially within Aβ plaques.DISCUSSIONTranscriptomic changes in AD consist primarily of neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction, are spatially associated mainly with Aβ plaques, and are exacerbated by the APOE ε4 allele.
Bilateral vocal cord palsy induced by long‐term use of small‐bore nasogastric tube
Authors: Nihira Takashi , Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu , Taguchi Azusa , Fukui Hiroyuki , Sekine Ichiro , Yamamoto Daisuke , Moriya Hidekazu , Yamagami Hiroshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNasogastric tube syndrome is a rare but life‐threatening complication of nasogastric tube placement due to acute upper airway obstruction caused by bilateral vocal cord paresis.Case PresentationAn 86‐year‐old woman was brought to the emergency department with acute stridor. She had been diagnosed with stroke 106 days prior, and an 8F nasogastric tube was placed on the day following the diagnosis. A laryngeal fiberscopy revealed bilateral laryngeal edema and bilateral vocal cord palsy. Nasogastric tube removal and intubation were carried out, and the stridor disappeared. Two days later, a tracheostomy was performed. Unfortunately, the patient's vocal cord function had not improved at the 1 month follow‐up upon assessment with a laryngeal fiberscope.ConclusionLong‐term small‐bore nasogastric tube placement can cause upper airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord palsy.
Transparent Conductive Encapsulants for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Rome Grace A. , Intia Fry , Klein Talysa R. , Schichtl Zebulon G. , Tamboli Adele C. , Warren Emily L. , Greenaway Ann L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUtilizing sunlight to directly perform photoelectrochemical reactions is a promising route to renewable, net carbon‐neutral fuels. However, a common problem with solar fuel production is semiconductor degradation in aqueous environments. An ideal protection layer should (1) prevent solution from reaching the semiconductor, (2) maintain charge transfer to and from solution, and (3) be transparent to light above the semiconductor band gap. While there have been substantial advances toward layers that meet these requirements, they are not easily adapted to new surfaces or new reactions, which can make protection difficult for newly developed photoabsorbers and (photo)electrochemical reaction pairings. In this work, we demonstrate the use of transparent conductive encapsulants (TCEs) to meet these requirements while also allowing for photoelectrode‐ and reaction‐agnostic adaptability. TCEs are composed of an ethyl‐vinyl acetate matrix with embedded conductive metal‐coated microspheres that can be laminated to semiconductors. First, the electrochemical behavior of TCE‐coated electrodes for the reduction of methyl viologen is characterized, demonstrating through‐TCE electrical conduction. Then, photoelectrochemical measurements on TCE‐protected semiconductors demonstrate the flexibility of this protection scheme. Finally, long‐term photoelectrochemical measurements probe the efficacy of TCEs as protection layers. These findings demonstrate the potential of TCEs as adaptable protection layers in various photoelectrochemical applications.
Cross‐species analysis and comparison of the inner ear between chickens and mice
Authors: Wu Jingfang , Zhang Yunzhong , Mao Shihang , Li Wen , Li Guangfei , Li Huawei , Sun Shan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe inner ear of mammals includes the cochlea and vestibule, which house specialized hair cells that are responsible for hearing and balance, respectively. While cochlear hair cells fail to regenerate following damage, those of the utricle, which is part of the vestibular apparatus, show partial regeneration. In birds, the macula lagena, a unique ear structure in this clade, has the ability to regenerate hair cells similarly to the utricle. Many studies have sought to explain regeneration in terms of evolution and species differences. However, it remains unclear what the cellular and molecular basis is behind the differences in inner ear structures and between avians and mammals. In the present study, we first investigated the anatomical structures of the inner ear of both chickens and rodents. We then performed RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and made cross‐species analyses of the expression of homologous genes obtained from the inner ear tissue from both chickens and mice. Finally, we focused on the lagena, the basilar papilla, and the utricle in chickens and identified differentially expressed genes between tissues and determined the expression patterns of genes involved in inner ear structure formation by single‐cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA‐Seq. We concluded that the cellular and molecular composition of the lagena is more similar to that of the utricle than the cochlea. Taken together, our study provides a valuable resource for the study of inner ear evolution and development.
Chemical and Photophysical Triggers for the Reduction of Pt(IV) Prodrugs for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Karges Johannes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlatinum(II) complexes are used in approximately 50% of chemotherapeutic treatments worldwide. Despite their undoubtful clinical success, these compounds are associated with severe side effects and poor tumor selectivity. To overcome these drawbacks, the development of platinum(IV) molecular prodrugs and nanoparticle formulations that remain stable and therapeutically inactive in a biological environment, but could be quickly reduced into the therapeutically active analogs through a specific trigger have been thought. Within this article, the mechanisms for chemical and photophysical triggers for the activation of platinum(IV) prodrugs have been critically reviewed.
Ex‐ante moral hazard and health insurance: Evidence from China's urban residence basic medical insurance scheme
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Gordon Guoen , Wang Tangxin , Tan Jialong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether implementing Urban Residents Medical Insurance Scheme decreased an individual's risky lifestyle behavior before illness, termed ex‐ante moral hazard. Ex‐ante moral hazard is predicted by the classical economic theory suggesting that health insurance coverage reduces an individual's incentive to take preventive efforts to remain healthy. Studies have provided mixed evidence for this prediction. China's 2006 nationwide social experiment of implementing the Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance Scheme offers an excellent opportunity for examining the effect of the transition from uninsured to insured on an individual's health behaviors. We exploit the longitudinal dimension of a representative survey data for 2007–2010 and employ the instrumental variable technique, thereby addressing the issue of self‐selection into voluntary health insurance schemes. The results do not provide evidence for and contrast the prediction of the ex‐ante moral hazard. Significant differences exist between insured and uninsured groups with respect to smoking, drinking habits, and being overweight. People with insurance care more about their health than people without insurance do. The main results still hold if we use alternative estimation methods and other robustness tests.
Digital Transformation in Acquisition: Using Modeling and Simulation to Advance the State of Practice
Authors: Hutchison Nicole , Tao Hoong Yan See , Clifford Megan , Burley Camryn , Arndt Craig , Wach Paul , Sherburne Tim , Beling Peter , McDermott Tom , Blackburn Mark , Long David , Verma Dinesh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDigital transformation is a key enabler for successful acquisition and sustainment in a rapidly changing environment of increasing threats and challenges. This paper provides an overview of digital transformation in acquisition and ongoing relevant work that contributes to the development of training for the US Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition workforce. One of the main contributions is the development of models and simulations for training purposes. The team researched on current uses of modeling and simulation before proposing models and simulations (“case studies”) that could be incorporated in the training materials at the Defense Acquisition University (DAU) and extend applicability beyond the DoD to contribute to the DE body of knowledge and DE community. The acquisition workforce must undergo significant transformation, which is not an easy transition, to overcome the challenges of digital transformation. Cultural change is an important shift that will have to happen in the workforce to enable digital transformation. This paper highlights the three‐pronged approach for competency identification to support competency development. The research is centered on improving the acquisition workforce's ability to support Digital Acquisition through the identification of critical competencies for individuals, and for program offices and the development of models and simulation in the DAU curriculum to enable effective digital transformation.
From Model‐based to Model and Simulation‐based Systems Architectures – achieving quality engineering through descriptive and analytical models
Authors: Nowodzienski Pierre , Navas Juan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSystems architecture design is a key activity that affect the overall systems engineering cost. Hence it is fundamental to ensure that the system architecture reaches a proper quality. In this paper, we leverage on MBSE approaches and complement them with simulation techniques, as a promising way to improve the quality of the system architecture definition, and to come up with innovative solutions while securing the systems engineering process.
Underrepresented in Medicine Student Perspectives on the Selection of a Summer Research Program
Authors: Timothee Patricia , Douse Dontre' M. , O'Byrne Thomas J. , O'Neill Jessica M. , Yin Linda X. , Casper Jenny J. , Stokken Janalee K. , Bayan Semirra L. , Van Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesMany summer research programs (SRPs) for URiM students exist; however, only a few have been established by otolaryngology programs, who have a unique opportunity to provide a diverse experience. We sought to assess URiM undergraduate student perspectives on the most valuable program features that influence decision‐making and how this might be useful to otolaryngology programs seeking to establish pathway programs.Materials and MethodsAn externally facing REDCap survey composed of 37 questions in scaled, multiple‐choice, and open‐ended form. The survey was delivered to applicants via email over two time periods in April 2021 and February 2022. All survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and categorized according to demographic information, program features, and advertising mechanisms.ResultsSeventy‐one percent of our applicants self‐identified as URiM. Over 60% experienced financial hardship, and 31% experienced educational hardship. The single most important feature when selecting a summer research program (SRP) was access to mentorship followed by clinical shadowing and research opportunities. When program features were aggregated into groups, institutional features were the most important, followed closely by funding features. Finally, students prefer to learn about SRPs through their university, followed by social media, despite many students learning about our program through other means.ConclusionsPaid programs with effective advertising, research, mentoring, and clinical shadowing are highly valued by URiM undergraduate students. Understanding student perspectives is critical for programs aiming to address the “leaky pipeline” while being deliberate in their support of underrepresented students.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 134:637–644, 2024
Tetragonally and Rectangularly Packed Hierarchical Cylinders from A1BA2C Tetrablock Terpolymer
Authors: Yoon Hyeongkeon , Dong Qingshu , Li Weihua , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHierarchical cylindrical nanostructures with different diameters (or shapes) have received much attention because of potential applications to next‐generation lithography or advanced optical devices. Herein, via small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, tetragonally and rectangularly packed hierachical cylindrical nanostructures are observed by tailoring the volume fraction of polystyrene mid‐block in polystyrene‐b‐polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) tetrablock terpolymer (S1IS2V). P2VP becomes the main cylinder, while PI forms satellite cylinders surrounding the main P2VP cylinder. When the length of S2 block is relatively short, tetragonal arrangement of cylinders is observed. But, a rectangular arrangement of cylinders is formed for larger S2 block. The experimentally observed hierarchical cylindrical nanostructures are in good agreement with the prediction by the self‐consistent field theory.
A tutorial: Laserspray ionization and related laser‐based ionization methods for use in mass spectrometry
Authors: Trimpin Sarah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis Tutorial is to provide a summary of parameters useful for successful outcomes of laserspray ionization (LSI) and related methods that employ a laser to ablate a matrix:analyte sample to produce highly charged ions. In these methods the purpose of the laser is to transfer matrix‐analyte clusters into the gas phase. Ions are hypothesized to be produced by a thermal process where emitted matrix:analyte gas‐phase particles/clusters are charged and loss of matrix from the charged particles leads to release of the analyte ions into the gas phase. The thermal energy responsible for the charge‐separation process is relatively low and not necessarily supplied by the laser; a heated inlet tube linking atmospheric pressure with the first vacuum stage of a mass spectrometer is sufficient. The inlet becomes the “ion source”, and inter alia, pressure, temperature, and the matrix, which can be a solid, liquid, or combinations, become critical parameters. Injecting matrix:analyte into a heated inlet tube using laser ablation, a shockwave, or simply tapping, all produce the similar mass spectra. Applications are provided that showcase new opportunities in the field of mass spectrometry.
Comprehensive Insights into the Family of Atomically Thin 2D‐Materials for Diverse Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Teja Y. N. , Sakar Mohan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract2D materials with their fascinating physiochemical, structural, and electronic properties have attracted researchers and have been used for a variety of applications such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage, magnetoresistance, and sensing. In recent times, 2D materials have gained great momentum in the spectrum of photocatalytic applications such as pollutant degradation, water splitting, CO2 reduction, NH3 production, microbial disinfection, and heavy metal reduction, thanks to their superior properties including visible light responsive band gap, improved charge separation and electron mobility, suppressed charge recombination and high surface reactive sites, and thus enhance the photocatalytic properties rationally as compared to 3D and other low‐dimensional materials. In this context, this review spot‐lights the family of various 2D materials, their properties and their 2D structure‐induced photocatalytic mechanisms while giving an overview on their synthesis methods along with a detailed discussion on their diverse photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, the challenges and the future opportunities are also presented related to the future developments and advancements of 2D materials for the large‐scale real‐time photocatalytic applications.