bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of oral problems and dental status of autistic children in comparison to a matched group of non-autistic healthy children in Benghazi, Libya.
Authors: Elamami Najat M. , Alamami Najma M. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess oral problems and the dental status of autistic children in comparison to a matched group of non-autistic healthy children in Benghazi, Libya. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study included 60 (38 males, 22 females) children with autism and a control group consisting of 60 healthy children, selected from relatives of the autistic patients in an attempt to match the two groups concerning age, sex, and general dental care background. Both groups were recruited and examined in a rehabilitation center for Autism spectrum disorder ASD children in Benghazi, Libya. The age of children in both groups ranged from 4-14 years. Oral problems involving oral infections, eruption patterns, developmental dental anomalies, and tooth fractures were all assessed clinically while; bruxism assessment was based on the attrition shown on enamel surfaces of all teeth. Dental caries, gingival health, and oral hygiene status were assessed using dmft/DMFT index, Gingival Index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI), respectively. Results were tabulated and statically analyzed using a t-test or (Mann-Whitney) for quantitative variables or variables not normally distributed. Similarly, comparison, as regards qualitative variables, will be done using chi-square, Fisher exact, or Monte Carlo correction as indicated. Results: No statistically significant differences were presented between both groups, as regards oral infection (P=0.097), eruption pattern (P=0.428), tooth fracture (p=0.119), and developmental dental anomalies (p=0.381). However, there was a statistically significant difference between autistic and non-autistic children with respect to attrition due to bruxism (p<0.001), More enamel attrition was observed in autistic children (26.7% vs 1.7%). On the other hand, the mean dmft score was lower in children with autism than in controls (5.23 vs. 4.06; P < 0.001) these differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, children with autism revealed moderate levels of gingivitis and dental plaque compared to their control group with no statistically significant (p=0.188),(p= 0.157) respectively. Conclusions: children with autism in Benghazi experienced moderate levels of attrition and gingivitis, and their caries level was lower than their counterparts. Therefore, oral health education programs should be planned to provide appropriate preventive protocol as well as effective treatment for this special section of society.
A comparative study on the behavior of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives of some functions
Authors: Inbaig Abdlgader M. , Bashon Yasmina M. 
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an overview of fractional order derivative operators. Particular attention is devoted to the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivative operators. A comparative study of these two frameworks to show how they behave geometrically. The computation results of some elementary function derivatives of fractional order are shown in graphic form and tabular for this purpose. The conclusion will include a few observations about derivatives of integer and fr Abdlgader M. Inbaig, Yasmina M. Bashon
actional order.
Borçlanma Stratejileri ve Sarraf Kredileri Bağlamında Osmanlı Vakıflarında Kriz Yönetimi (1750-1840)
Authors: Pantık Ramazan 
Published: February 2025

Osmanlı vakıfları çok geniş bir yelpazede kendisinin şekillendirdiği ve kontrol ettiği iktisadi bir faaliyet alanı yaratmıştır. Osmanlı vakıflarını idari ve mali yönden tetkik etmek için iktisadi ve idari değerlendirmelere daha elverişli, farklı bir tasnife ihtiyaç olduğu aşikârdır. Nitekim selatin, paşa ve ümera vakıfları olarak anılan ve devletin çeşitli büroları tarafından sıkı bir denetimde faaliyetlerini yürütün merkezi vakıflar, devasa bütçeleri idare etmişlerdir. Her biri müstakil ekonomik üniteler şeklinde organize olan bu vakıflar, kuruldukları bölgelerdeki sosyal, beledi, kültürel, dinî ve kentsel yaşamın ihtiyaç duyduğu çok katmanlı ve önemli hizmetleri yerine getirmişlerdir.
Gerek bütünüyle saray kadrolarından atanan görevlilerce yönetilen veya denetlenen gerek vakıf kurucusunun kendi soyundan gelen ardıllar tarafından yönetilen merkezi büyük vakıflar, 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar belirli bir bütçe seviyesini koruyabilmişlerdir. Ancak bu yüzyılın özellikle ikinci yarısından itibaren vakıflarda devasa bütçe açıkları görülmeye başlamıştır. İltizam, malikâne, esham ve kaime gibi uygulamaların erken modern çağdan 19. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar Osmanlı merkez hazinesi için savaş ekonomisinin finansmanında iç borçlanma ve kredi işlevi gördüğü bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte Osmanlı tarihinin en yaygın ve en uzun ömürlü kurumları olan vakıfların kurumsal kriz yönetme pratikleri ile mali buhran dönemlerinde geliştirdikleri stratejilere dair bilgilerimiz henüz çok sınırlıdır. Bu tespitlerden hareketle çalışma, Osmanlı vakıf sisteminin bütçe açıkları karşısında geliştirdiği kriz yönetme pratiklerinden özellikle borçlanma stratejilerini ve sarraflarla kurulan kredi ağlarını ele alır.
Cosmic Bulk Flow Analysis in Modified Gravity Theories: f(R) and Perturbed f(R) Models with Neutrino Coupling
Authors: Yarahmadi Muhammad , Salehi Amin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we explore the characteristics of bulk flow across various redshift ranges within the frameworks of f(R) gravity, perturbed f(R) gravity, and perturbed f(R) gravity coupled with neutrinos. Our investigation reveals profound insights into large-scale cosmic flows and their interactions with major cosmic structures, such as the Sloan Great Wall (SGW) and the King Ghidorah Supercluster (KGSc). We find that incorporating neutrinos into the perturbed f(R) gravity model results in a substantial increase in bulk flow velocities across all redshifts, with notable enhancements in the higher redshift ranges, where velocities can exceed 3000 km s−1 in the 0.8 < z < 1.4 range. Moreover, the direction of the bulk flow in this model closely aligns with the dark energy dipole, especially at redshifts z > 0.4, showing near-perfect congruence with cosmic superclusters. This suggests a significant interaction between neutrinos and cosmic structures, influencing cosmic acceleration. At lower redshifts, such as 0.1 < z < 0.2, the bulk flow aligns with the SGW, while in the 0.4 < z < 0.6 range it aligns with the KGSc. In the low redshift range 0.001 < z < 0.016, although velocities are lower, neutrinos still subtly increase the bulk flow velocity and maintain alignment with nearby cosmic structures, such as the Local Supercluster. Our results underscore the critical role of neutrinos in shaping cosmic flows and offer new insights into the interplay between dark energy, neutrinos, and modified gravity models. Future research should delve deeper into these interactions to elucidate the mechanisms influencing large-scale cosmic structures.
Tip of the Iceberg: Overmassive Black Holes at 4 < z < 7 Found by JWST Are Not Inconsistent with the Local

M
BH

-

M
⋆

Relation
Authors: Li Junyao , Silverman John D. , Shen Yue , Volonteri Marta , Jahnke Knud , Zhuang Ming-Yang , Scoggins Matthew T. , Ding Xuheng , Harikane Yuichi , Onoue Masafusa , Tanaka Takumi S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
JWST is revealing a remarkable new population of high-redshift (z ≳ 4), low-luminosity active galactic nuclei in deep surveys and detecting the host galaxy's stellar light in the most luminous and massive quasars at z ∼ 6 for the first time. Recent findings claim that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in these systems are significantly more massive than predicted by the local black hole (BH) mass–stellar mass (

M
BH

-

M
⋆

) relation and that this is not due to sample selection effects. Through detailed statistical modeling, we demonstrate that the coupled effects of selection biases (i.e., finite detection limit and requirements for detecting broad lines) and measurement uncertainties can largely explain the reported offset and flattening in the observed

M
BH

-

M
⋆

relation toward the upper envelope of the local relation, even for those at

M
BH

<
1

0
8

M
⊙

. We further investigate the possible evolution of the

M
BH

-

M
⋆

relation at z ≳ 4 with careful treatment of observational biases and consideration of the degeneracy between intrinsic evolution and dispersion in this relation. The bias-corrected intrinsic

M
BH

-

M
⋆

relation in the low-mass regime (

M
⋆

≲
1

0
10

M
⊙

) suggests a large population of low-mass BHs (

M
BH

≲
1

0
5

M
⊙

), possibly originating from lighter seeds, may remain undetected or unidentified. These results underscore the importance of forward modeling observational biases to better understand BH seeding and SMBH–galaxy coevolution mechanisms in the early universe, even with the deepest JWST surveys.
Mapping the Outcomes of Stellar Evolution in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Fabj Gaia , Dittmann Alexander J. , Cantiello Matteo , Perna Rosalba , Samsing Johan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are expected to be populated by numerous stars, either formed in the outer regions of the disk via gravitational instability or captured from the nearby nuclear star cluster. Regardless of their formation mechanism, these stars experience altered evolutionary paths, mostly shaped by the accretion of dense disk material. In this study, through the comparison of different timescales, we chart the evolutionary outcomes of these AGN stars as a function of disk radius and across a range of supermassive black hole masses, spanning from 106 to 109
M
⊙, for two popular AGN disk models. We find that in the outer regions of the disk, stars evolve similarly to those in the interstellar medium, but in the inner and denser regions, accretion quickly turns low-mass stars into massive stars, and their fate depends on just how quickly they accrete. If accretion occurs at a faster rate than nuclear burning, they can reach a quasi-steady “immortal” state. If stars accrete faster than they can thermally adjust, runaway accretion occurs, potentially preventing a quasi-steady state and altering the disk structure. During the AGN lifetime, in the regions of the disk that produce massive stars, supernovae (SNe) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may occur within the disk over a wide range of optical depths and ambient densities. Subsequently, in the final phase of the AGN, as the disk becomes depleted, formerly immortal stars will be unable to replenish their fuel, leading to additional SNe and GRBs.
Investigating Temporal and Spatial Variation of Jupiter’s Atmosphere with Radio Observations
Authors: Hardesty Joanna , Moeckel Chris , de Pater Imke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the spatial and temporal variability in Jupiter's atmosphere by comparing longitude-resolved brightness temperature maps from the Very Large Array radio observatory and NASA's Juno spacecraft Microwave Radiometer taken between 2013 and 2018. Spatial variations in brightness temperature, as observed at radio wavelengths, indicate dynamics in the atmosphere as they trace spatial fluctuations in radio-absorbing trace gases or physical temperature. We use four distinct frequency bands, probing the atmosphere from the water cloud region at the lowest frequency to the pressures above the ammonia cloud deck at the highest frequency. We visualize the brightness temperature anomalies and trace dynamics by analyzing the shapes of brightness temperature anomaly distributions as a function of frequency in Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt (NEB), Equatorial Zone (EZ), and South Equatorial Belt (SEB). The NEB has the greatest brightness temperature variability at all frequencies, indicating that more extreme processes are occurring there than in the SEB and EZ. In general, we find that the atmosphere at 5 and 22 GHz has the least variability of the frequencies considered, while observations at 10 and 15 GHz have the greatest variability. When comparing the size of the features corresponding to the anomalies, we find evidence for small-scale events primarily at the depths probed by the 10 and 15 GHz observations. In contrast, we find larger-scale structures deeper (5 GHz) and higher (22 GHz) in the atmosphere.
Kojève et l’idée d’un empire anti-impérialiste : l’Empire latin comme espace de connectivité de la culture européenne
Authors: Marconi Monja 
Published: February 2025

L’article vise à mettre en lumière comment l’essai de Kojève, écrit en 1945, analyse de manière prophétique, par certains aspects, les relations géopolitiques qui ont caractérisé la période d’après-guerre du siècle dernier entre les trois nations bordant la Méditerranée et qui auraient pu constituer l’Empire latin : la France, l’Italie et l’Espagne. Mettant en évidence leurs caractéristiques communes et, plus généralement, dans l’analyse de l’essai de Kojève, nous avons cherché à adopter une approche interprétative de type dialectique, soulignant comment une réflexion de cette nature pourrait être pertinente aujourd’hui au sein d’une Union européenne fortement déséquilibrée en faveur de l’aspect économique, souvent au détriment des aspects culturels et politiques.
Penser la connectivité de l’espace méditerranéen avec Paul Valéry
Authors: Signorile Patricia 
Published: February 2025

Matrice de civilisations fondatrices, axe d’inspirations multiples mais aussi espace de barbarie et de replis identitaires, la Méditerranée définit un espace singulier porteur d’une dynamique créatrice. Pour Valéry, la fascination exercée par la Méditerranée est d’abord celle d’un « stimulant » intellectuel et cognitif. Dès lors, deux axes essentiels s’imposent, celui d’un sud vécu par l’écrivain, intime mais à valeur universelle. Un autre plus symbolique et intellectuel, spécifique d’une écriture du sud et d’un imaginaire de tous les continents. C’est donc le jeu de cette « connectivité » entre individualité et universalité qu’il s’agit de sonder à travers l’œuvre de Paul Valéry pour tenter de penser la Méditerranée et ses rives dans un monde inexorablement en devenir, et d’y discerner, peut-être, les sources de la renaissance d’une humanité en proie à des problèmes universels.
Predictive parameters for cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Attia Lobna A. , Mousa Aml , Attia Walaa A. , Al-Gammal Eman A.N. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Laryngeal carcinoma represents the most common malignancy in otolaryngological surgical practice, accounting for about one-third of all malignancies of the head and neck region. The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is considered the most important predictor of survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, including laryngeal cancer.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to identify histopathological and radiological parameters associated with LNM in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Patients and methods
This retrospective study included a total of 89 cases of LSCC who underwent laryngectomy and neck dissection in Ain Shams University Hospital. A collection of clinicoradiologic and histopathologic data, as well as a review by two independent pathologists, was done.

Results
In univariate analysis, radiologic evidence of thyroid cartilage involvement, pathologically proven bilaterality, larger tumor size, grade, stage, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and margin positivity were significantly associated with LNM (P=0.037, P=0.011, P=0.034, P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.00001, P=0.004, and P=0.02, respectively). Using multivariate analyses, tumor bilaterality, T stage, and perineural invasion were found to be independent risk factors for LNM, with T stage being the most significant predictor.

Conclusion
This study found that the most important histopathologic parameters related to cervical LNM from primary LSCC cases include tumor bilaterality, size, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, margin clearance, and tumor stage. Radiologic evidence of thyroid cartilage invasion was also considered an independent risk factor.
A study on the association of A-scan parameters and intraoperative complications during cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Sruthi R , Saikumar Sheshadri J 
Published: February 2025

Context:
Pseudoexfoliation is a genetically determined condition that causes significant problems during cataract surgery. Although most patients with pseudoexfoliation experience uneventful cataract surgery, complications, when they arise, can be particularly challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to identify those at risk for intraoperative complications during the preoperative assessment.

Purpose:
To study the association of preoperative A-scan parameters with intraoperative complications of phacoemulsification in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Setting and Design:
This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center in the private sector in South India.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 200 eyes of 184 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, who underwent phacoemulsification. Preoperative A-scan measurements (IOLMaster700), best-corrected visual acuity, lens status, and pupil sizes were noted. Intraoperative complications were correlated with A-scan parameters.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS 26.0 software.

Results:
Out of 200 study eyes, 34 eyes (17%) had intraoperative complications. Eyes with less anterior chamber (AC) depth (2.74 ± 0.758 mm) or more lens thickness (4.81 ± 0.565 mm) had a significant association (P < 0.05) with intraoperative complications. There was a 36.8% risk for complications in eyes with <2.5 mm AC depth. Eyes with an increased ratio of axial length to AC depth (8.67 ± 1.517) had more chance of complications.

Conclusions:
Caution should be taken in pseudoexfoliation syndrome patients with shallow AC or thick lenses as there is more risk for complications during cataract surgery.
Clinical associations for the development of malignant glaucoma following intraocular surgery
Authors: Balekudaru Shantha , Pandey Amit , Rewri Parveen , George R , Vijaya Lingam , Baskaran Mani 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To assess the factors associated with malignant glaucoma (MG) following intraocular surgery.

Design:
Retrospective case–control study.

Setting:
Institutional.

Study Population:
A total of 40 eyes with MG and 80 controls were included.

Methods:
A total of 40 patients who developed malignant glaucoma following intraocular surgery between January 1995 and December 2013 were compared with 80 age- and gender-matched controls who underwent surgery during the study period.

Main Outcome Measures:
The associated factors for the development of malignant glaucoma following intraocular surgery.

Results:
Diagnosis in cases included primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG: 31 [77.5%]), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG: 2 [5%]), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG: 4 [10%]); in controls included PACG 44 (55%) and POAG 36 (45%), (P < 0.001). Trabeculectomy was performed in 24 cases (50%) and 28 (35%) controls, phaco-trabeculectomy in 14 cases (35%) and 52 eyes (65%) in controls, and cataract surgery in 2 cases (5%) (P = 0.004). Factors associated on univariate analysis included PACG (odds ratio [OR]: 12.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 2.84, 56.62, P < 0.001, synechial angle closure > 180° (OR: 10.1, 95% CI: 2.87, 35.44, P < 0.001, higher preoperative IOP > 22 mmHg (OR: 5.32, 95% CI: 2.64, 10.73, P < 0.001), trabeculectomy (OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.36, 6.83, P = 0.007) and axial length < 22 mm (OR: 6.80, 95% CI: 2.51, 18.46, P < 0.001. The use of postoperative cycloplegics was protective on univariate analysis (OR: 0.268, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.596), P < 0.001). Preoperative IOP > 22 mmHg (2.85, 95% CI: 1.11, 7.31, P = 0.02), and trabeculectomy (OR: 4.09, 95% CI: 1.48, 11.3, P = 0.007) remained significant on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:
PACG eyes with higher preoperative IOP and eyes undergoing trabeculectomy surgery alone, increased the likelihood of developing MG.
Comparative evaluation of OCT with OCTA changes at the optic disc and macula in glaucoma suspect and early glaucoma
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Kapoor Anirudh , Warjri Gazella B , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Chawla Rohan , Gupta Viney , Dada Tanuj 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To compare the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and macular and peripapillary perfusion changes using OCT angiography (OCTA) in glaucoma suspect and early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:
Ninety patients (30 normal, 30 glaucoma suspects, and 30 early POAG) were recruited in this cross-sectional, prospective study. The average thickness of mGCIPL and pRNFL on spectral domain-OCT and macular vessel density (VD), optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion, and ONH flux index (FI) on OCTA were evaluated for early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Results:
Macular VD, ONH perfusion, and ONH FI were significantly reduced in early POAG eyes compared to normal. The best correlation was observed between ONH FI and the average RNFL in both glaucoma suspects (r = 0.47, P < 0.01) and early POAG patients (r = 0.53, P < 0.01). Out of all the measured OCTA parameters, only ONH perfusion was significantly lower in glaucomatous eyes compared to glaucoma suspects (P < 0.001). Average GCIPL (0.82) and macular VD (0.76) had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value among all the OCT and OCTA parameters, respectively, for differentiating glaucoma suspects from controls. Rim area (0.92) and ONH FI (0.81) had the highest AUROC value among all the OCT and OCTA parameters for differentiating early POAG patients from controls.

Conclusion:
OCTA vascular parameters had a good correlation with structural damage both at the disc and the macula. OCT parameters were superior to OCTA parameters for diagnosis of glaucoma, although OCTA parameters are deranged very early in the disease.
Role of Triple Antibody Cocktail, α-methyl acyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR/P504S), high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (HMWCK 34βE12), and Transformation-related protein 63 TP-63 or P63) in Distinguishing Suspicious Prostatic Lesions
Authors: Iqbal Banyameen , Nibe Pranjali Lahanu , Gore Charusheela , Bhuibhar Gayatri , Chouhan Prachi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
One of the most prevalent cancers in males worldwide is prostate cancer. Numerous benign conditions, including adenosis, atrophy, partial atrophy, basal cell hyperplasia, clear cell hyperplasia, and others, can mimic prostate cancer. In these situations, an underdiagnosis will have an impact on the prognosis, while an overdiagnosis may result in men without prostate cancer receiving needless therapy and causing incontinence or impotence. Among the many biomarkers examined, the triple marker—p63, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), and α-methyl acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)—has drawn a great deal of interest due to its possible use in diagnosing prostate neoplasms.

Aim:
The study was performed to ascertain the utility of AMACR, HMWCK, and p63 in suspicious prostatic lesions.

Methods:
A total of 100 cases received were classified into two main categories as benign and suspicious of malignancy based on hematoxylin and eosin staining evaluation. All the 25 suspicious cases were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis applying AMACR, HMWCK, and P63 to further confirm the diagnosis in these cases and classify as benign, premalignant, and malignant.

Results:
Out of 25 suspicious for prostatic malignancy cases, five cases were positive for AMACR and negative for HMWCK and P63 and hence were confirmed as malignant.

Conclusion:
It is very necessary to do all three markers (AMACR, HMWCK, P63) in the cases of prostate mimickers to reach the final accurate diagnosis.