bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Allergic Consumers and Allergists on Precautionary Allergen Labelling: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Graham François , Waserman Susan , Gerdts Jennifer , Povolo Beatrice , Vieille Sébastien La 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the widespread use of precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) by manufacturers, PAL remains poorly understood by consumers and allergists in Canada. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of allergic consumers and allergists on PAL.
Methods
An online survey was sent to consumers registered in Food Allergy Canada’s database and to a third-party consumer panel representative of the general population. All consumer participants had a food allergy or were a parent/caregiver of a child with food allergy. In parallel, a separate online survey was sent to allergist members of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and provincial associations.
Results
1,080 consumers and 63 allergists (29% of allergists in Canada) responded to the survey. Fifty-four percent of consumers purchased products with a PAL statement at least occasionally. More than half of consumers (53%) considered PAL a very useful tool. Most surveyed individuals (59%) had not heard of the term “individual allergen threshold” or had heard the term but didn’t know what it meant. While consumers who participated in the survey agreed with a risk-based approach to PAL, the same consumers were reluctant to buy foods with even a small amount of their allergen that would not trigger an allergic reaction in the vast majority of them. Half of allergists thought PAL was not useful in its current form and 83% allowed the consumption of foods with PAL to their patients in some circumstances.
Conclusions
A multi-stakeholder approach is needed with greater consumer and allergist education on risk assessment concepts before the adoption of allergen thresholds for the application of PAL.
The Design Strain Sensitivity of the Schenberg Spherical Resonant Antenna for Gravitational Waves
Authors: Liccardo Vincenzo , Lenzi Cesar , Marinho Rubens , Aguiar Odylio , Frajuca Carlos , Bortoli Fabio , Costa Cesar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to review the Schenberg resonant antenna transfer function and to recalculate the antenna design strain sensitivity for gravitational waves. We consider the spherical antenna with six transducers in the semi dodecahedral configuration. When coupled to the antenna, the transducer-sphere system will work as a mass-spring system with three masses. The first one is the antenna effective mass for each quadrupolemode, the second one is the mass of the mechanical structure of the transducer first mechanical mode and the third one is the effective mass of the transducer membrane that makes one of the transducer microwave cavity walls. All the calculations are done for the degenerate (all the sphere quadrupole mode frequencies equal) and non-degenerate sphere cases. We have come to the conclusion that the “ultimate” sensitivity of an advanced version of Schenberg antenna (aSchenberg) is around the standard quantum limit (although the parametric transducers used could, in principle, surpass this limit). However, this sensitivity, in the frequency range where Schenberg operates, has already been achieved by the two aLIGOs in the O3 run, therefore, the only reasonable justification for remounting the Schenberg antenna and trying to place it in the sensitivity of the standard quantum limit would be to detect gravitational waves with another physical principle, different from the one used by laser interferometers. This other physical principle would be the absorption of the gravitational wave energy by a resonant mass like Schenberg.
The indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on limb preservation care– a retrospective analysis of trends in lower limb revascularisation
Authors: Anthony Lakmali , Gillies Madeline , Tran Morica , Goh David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background: Disruptions caused by COVID-19 pandemic have profoundly influenced the management of many conditions, especially vascular pathologies including limb preservation care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) focusing on lower limb revascularisation procedure volume, their indication and urgency of surgery.
Methods: The Australian Vascular Audit (AVA) was used to capture data on revascularisation procedures before and after the onset of the pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Information on patient demographics, procedures performed, their indication and urgency of surgery were collected.
Results: There was a significant 22.7% increase in revascularisations for PAD during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven solely by a 31.9% increase in endovascular revascularisation procedures. Endovascular procedures for all indications of PAD, namely claudication, rest pain and tissue loss, increased by 22.3%, 62.9% and 35% respectively, during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Open procedures declined by 10.2% during the pandemic. There were significant 13.9% and 62.2% increases in elective and semi-urgent revascularisations respectively during the pandemic while emergency revascularisations for PAD fell by 4.2%.
Conclusions: This study found that the volume of revascularisation for PAD increased significantly during the pandemic indicating that patients with PAD had significant deterioration of their condition during the pandemic. This is likely multifactorial; due to disruptions to standard provision of podiatry, vascular surgery and endocrinology services to these patients, a decline in overall health and changes in health-related behaviours due to restrictions and infection control methods imposed during the pandemic. The number of elective and semi-urgent procedures also increased during the pandemic which reflects the significant deterioration of PAD patients during the pandemic. This study highlights a concerning trend of worsening PAD when routine care of these patients is disrupted. Such data should be instrumental in contingency planning and resource allocation for managing the ongoing pandemic.
Global, regional and national burden of heart failure associated with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kularatna Sanjeewa , Jadambaa Amarzaya , Hewage Sumudu , Brain David , McPhail Steven , Parsonage William 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and Atrial fibrillation (AF) is among many modifiable risk factors for heart failure. No estimates are available on the magnitude of the burden of heart failure associated with AF, and this study estimated the global, regional, and national burdens associated with AF.
Methods: We used the comparative risk assessment method to estimate the disease burden in terms of prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD). The population-attributable fraction for heart failure and AF was calculated from prevalence estimates of AF and the recalculated relative risks of heart failure associated with AF from a systematic review summarising the longitudinal association between AF and outcomes. The burden of heart failure was retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease database.
Results: Globally, 2.6% (95% uncertainty interval 1.3 to 4.7%) of the burden of heart failure is associated with AF. This was 1.5 (95% UI 0.6 to 3.2) million people in 2019, a 49.8% increase from 1990. The highest prevalence was from South-East Asia, East Asia and Oceania. The highest YLD was estimated for Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. High-income countries showed a sharp decline in the age standardised prevalence and YLD rates from 1990 to 2019.
Conclusion: The burden of heart failure associated with AF has increased substantially over the past two decades despite the advances in AF management. However, falling prevalence and YLD rates of heart failure associated with AF in high-income countries over time indicate that reducing this burden is possible.
Fractured Tight Glutenite Reservoir Pore Structure Characterization and Deliverability Prediction Based on Geophysical Well Logging
Authors: Hu Tingting , Pan Tuo , Chen Liang , Li Jing , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tight glutenite rservoirs characterization and effective hydrocarbon-bearing formation identification faced great challenge due to ultra-low porosity, utra-low permeability and complicated pore structure. In addition, tight glutenite reservoirs generally had no natural productive capacity, fracturing fracture-building technique always needed to improve hydrocarbon production capacity. Pore structure characterization and friability prediction were essential in improving such type of reservoir evaluation. In this study, fractured tight glutenite reservoirs in Permian Jiamuhe Formation that located in northwest margin of Junggar Basin, northwest China was chosen as an example, 25 typical core samples were drilled and simultaneously applied for mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and whole-rock mineral X-ray diffraction experiments. The limitation of pore structure characterization based on NMR logging was analyzed, and a novel method of synthetizing pseudo pore-throat radius (Rc) distribution from porosity frequency spectra, and used to characterize fractured formation pore structure was established, the porosity frequency spectra were extracted from electrical image logging. Based on whole-rock mineral X-ray diffraction experimental data, quartz and calcite were considered as the fragile mineral in our target formation, and rock mineral component ratio method was used to predict brittleness index (BI). The statistical model that raised by Jin et al. (2015) was used to predict two types of fracture toughness KIC and KIIC. BI, KIC and KIIC were combined to characterize tight glutenite reservoirs friability (Frac). Combining with maximal pore-throat radius (Rmax, reflected rock pore structure) and Frac, our target formations were classified into four clusters. Meanwhile, relationships among Rmax, Frac and daily hydrocarbon production per meter (DI) was analyzed, and positively relations among them was observed. Formations with good pore structure and high Frac always contained high deliverability, and vice versa. A model to predict fractured tight glutenite reservoirs DI from well logging data was established. Comparison of predicted DI with the extracted results from drill stem test (DST) data illustrated the reliability of our raised models. This would be valueable in determining optimal hydrocarbon production intervals and formulating reasonable developed plans.
Overnight registration of crackles, cough and wheezing in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Klaembt Nicola , Conradt Regina , Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Cassel Werner , Degerli Mikail A. , Fischer Patrick , Gross Volker , Koczulla Rembert , Viniol Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Clinical symptoms of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) are dyspnoea and dry cough. On auscultation, crackles can be detected at an early stage. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the extent of abnormal breath sounds (crackles, wheezes and coughs) provides an indication of the disease severity and aetiology.
Methodology
In 25 patients with DPLD, an in- hospital overnight recording of physiological and abnormal breath sounds was performed with the LEOSound® monitor. The severity of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by body plethysmography and GAP score. The perceived breathlessness was assessed by King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-Bild) questionnaire.
Results
In 16 out of 25 patients, all data were completed in good quality for analysis. Five patients were women (31.3%). The patients’ mean age was 65.8 ± 7.3 years, the mean BMI 28.0 ± 2.4 kg/m2. One patient met GAP I criteria, eight patients GAP II and seven patients met GAP III criteria. The findings of eight patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were compared with those of eight patients with secondary interstitial lung disease (ILD). Both, the number of inspiratory crackles and coughs showed significant correlations with the severity of dyspnoea and ILD-pattern. Wheezing occurred in 15 patients, with a median of 25.7 wheezes/h.
Discussion
Overnight long-term auscultation in patients with pulmonary fibrosis proved feasible in our study. Regardless of the aetiology and disease severity, crackles were detected in the recordings of all fibrosis patients, but not cough. Wheezing occurred in 15 out of 16 patients, the significance of which for clinical practice must still remain unclear.
Electroacupuncture prevents astrocyte atrophy to alleviate depression
Authors: Lin SiSi , Zhou Bin , Chen Binjie , JIANG Ruotian , Li Baoman , Illes Peter , Semyanov Alexey , Tang Yong , Verkhratsky Alexei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAstrocyte atrophy is the main histopathological hallmark of the major depressive disorder (MDD) in humans and in animal models of depression. Here we show that electroacupuncture prevents astrocyte atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and alleviates depressive-like behaviour in mice subjected to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Treatment of mice with CUMS induced depressive-like phenotypes as confirmed by sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, and forced swim test. These behavioural changes were paralleled with morphological atrophy of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex, revealed by analysis of 3D reconstructions of confocal Z-stack images of mCherry expressing astrocytes. This morphological atrophy was accompanied with a decrease in expression of cytoskeletal linker Ezrin, associated with formation of astrocytic leaflets, which form astroglial synaptic cradle. Electroacupuncture at the acupoint ST36 as well as treatment with anti-depressant fluoxetine prevented depressive-like behaviours, astrocytic atrophy and down-regulation of astrocytic ezrin. In conclusion, our data further strengthen the notion of a primary role of astrocytic atrophy in depression and reveal astrocytes as cellular target for electroacupuncture in treatment of depressive disorders.
Control of chiral magnetic domain walls in a Pt/CoFeB/Ir multilayer using ferroelectric BaTiO3 domains
Authors: Alshammari Khulaif , Hunt Robbie , Ali Mannan , Keatley Paul , Moore Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Strain exerted by a ferroelectric substrate on a thin ferromagnetic multilayer film is a promising low-energy method of controlling chiral magnetic spin textures. Here we report on the effect of strain coupling between magnetic domains in skyrmion-host multilayer Pt/CoFeB/Ir and ferroelectric domains in BaTiO3 substrates. By imaging the multilayer’s demagnetised domain pattern using wide-field Kerr microscopy we observe magnetic stripe domains with orientation aligned with the underling ferroelectric domain pattern. Upon cooling, the domain period changes abruptly at the BaTiO3 phase transition temperatures, indicating that the strain orients the stripe domains on the micrometre scale and also introduces sample-wide changes in magnetic properties such as anisotropy and exchange interaction strength. These results open a route to electric field control of the domain morphology and microscopic properties in thin multilayer structures that are already used as skyrmion hosts, and unlock the possibility of controlling skyrmion properties through electric fields alone.
Viral hepatitis is associated with increased risk of decompensated cirrhosis or liver failure in patients positive for liver cytosol antibody type 1
Authors: Wang Rong , Jing Keying , Liu Yang , Zhao Huijuan , Cai Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Liver cytosol antibody type 1 (anti-LC1) is reported to be a marker of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a type of autoimmune liver disease (AILD). However, anti-LC1 is not entirely disease-specific, and its clinical value in other hepatic diseases has not been well elucidated. Our study aimed to explore the associations between the diagnoses and outcome of decompensated cirrhosis or liver failure (DC/LF) in patients positive for anti-LC1.
Methods
A total of 157 patients positive for anti-LC1 were included in our final analysis. DC/LF was defined as the outcome of patients positive for anti-LC1. The risk of DC/LF according to diagnosis was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, while stratified Cox regression models were used in the subgroup analyses.
Results
The diagnoses of patients positive for anti-LC1 were found to be comprised of various liver disorders. Versus other diagnoses, viral hepatitis was associated with a 2.25-fold increased risk of DC/LF in these patients, independent of sex, age, disease course, treatment and drinking history. Additionally, the associations were more significant by subgroup analysis in male patients, younger patients, non-newly diagnosed patients, patients without treatment and patients without drinking history.
Conclusion
Anti-LC1 is not a disease-specific antibody, as it was found in multiple types of hepatic disease. Furthermore, viral hepatitis rather than AILD was associated with an increased risk of DC/LF in patients positive for anti-LC1. These findings emphasize the important role of viral hepatitis in the progression of DC/LF in patients positive for anti-LC1.
Programming Conformational Cooperativity to Regulate Allosteric Protein-Oligonucleotide Signal Transduction
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liang Yuan , Qie Yunkai , Yang Jing , Cui Shuang , Zhao Yuliang , Anderson Greg J , Nie Guangjun , Li Suping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Conformational cooperativity is a universal molecular effect mechanism and plays a critical role in signaling pathways. However, it remains a challenge to develop artificial molecular networks regulated by conformational cooperativity, due to the difficulties in programming and controlling multiple structural interactions. Herein, we developed a cooperative strategy by programming multiple conformational signals, rather than chemical signals, to regulate protein-oligonucleotide signal transduction, taking advantage of the programmability of allosteric DNA constructs. We generated a cooperative regulation mechanism, by which increasing the loop lengths at two different structural modules induced the opposite effects manifesting as down- and up-regulation. We implemented allosteric logic operations by using two different proteins. Further, in cell culture we demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy to cooperatively regulate gene expression of PLK1 to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, responding to orthogonal protein-signal stimulation. This programmable conformational cooperativity paradigm has potential applications in the related fields.
Metrics of anterior sclera in normal Chinese adults: Anterior segment imaging using the swept-source optical coherence tomography Running
Authors: Lin Na , Sun Yunqi , Yang Maoyuan , Chen Bichi , Mao Jieli , Liu Yongshun , Deng Ruzhi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: To measure the corneoscleral limbus and anterior sclera parameters of normal Chinese adults by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 56 Chinese subjects with ametropia were evaluated in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2020 to December 2020, including 26 (46.4%) men, with an average age of 24.7±1.8 years old, and a spherical equivalent of -2.05±0.46 D. The optical coherence tomograph SS-1000 (CASIA, Tomey, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure the sagittal height, corneoscleral junction angle (CSJ), corneal angle, and scleral angle. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to compare the differences in the four segment parameters.
Results: The mean sagittal heights of the right eyes at chord lengths of 10.0, 12.3, and 15.0 mm were 1756±72, 2658±110, and 3676±155 μm, respectively. The absolute values of the differences between horizontal and vertical meridians at chord lengths of 10.0, 12.3, and 15.0 mm were 54±40, 70±67, and 117±95 μm, respectively. The differences of CSJ and corneal angles at 12.3 mm chord and scleral angle at 15.0 mm chord in the four segments were statistically significant (F values were 32.01, 21.31, and 13.37, respectively, all P values < 0.001). The CSJ angles from low to high were 176.53±2.14° (nasal), 178.66±1.84° (inferior), 179.13±1.20° (temporal), and 179.31±1.68° (superior), and 87.5% of the nasal angles were less than 179°. The corneal angles at 12.3 mm chord from high to low were 40.31±2.80° (nasal), 39.46±2.41° (temporal), 37.20±2.26° (inferior), and 37.50±2.28° (superior). The scleral angles at 15.0 mm chord from high to low were 38.35±2.47° (temporal), 38.26±3.37° (superior), 35.37±3.10° (nasal), and 35.30±4.71° (inferior).
Conclusion: The morphology of corneoscleral limbus and anterior sclera is asymmetrical in normal Chinese adults. The nasal side of the corneoscleral limbus has the largest angle, and the superior and temporal sides of the scleral angle are larger. From the corneoscleral limbus to the anterior sclera, the superior side becomes steep and the other segments become flat.
Factor structure of the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) in a clinical sample recruited from the community
Authors: Šipka Dajana , Brodbeck Jeannette , Schulz Ava , Stolz Timo , Berger Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) are widely used self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of social anxiety. While SPS measures social performance anxiety, SIAS measures social interaction anxiety. They are mostly reported simultaneously, but there have not been consistent results of the joint factor structure and therefore no consistent recommendations on how to use and evaluate the questionnaires. The study aimed (1) to evaluate the underlying joint factor structure of the SPS and SIAS and (2) to test whether SPS and SIAS are reliable scales to assess two different aspects of social anxiety.
Methods: The one-factor, two-factor, and bifactor model were tested in a clinical sample recruited from the community and diagnosed with a social anxiety disorder. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, bifactor specific indices were calculated, and the content of the less fitting items was examined.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the best fitting model was the bifactor model with a reduced set of items. The bifactor-specific indices showed that the factor structure cannot be considered unidimensional and that SPS and SIAS are reliable subscales. A closer examination of the less fitting item content and implications for future studies are discussed.
Conclusions: In conclusion, SPS and SIAS can be reported together as an overall score of social anxiety and are separately reliable measures to assess different aspects of social anxiety.
Trial registration: not applicable.