bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting heterogeneity and immune cell populations in non-small cell lung cancer by single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Yu Tao , Gao Xuehan , Zhou Jueyi , Zhao Liping , Feng Jihong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common and aggressive cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common type. Although traditional therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, 5-year survival rates for lung cancer patients have improved little. With the rapid development of targeted therapeutic drugs and immunotherapy, the clinical therapeutic effect of non-small cell lung cancer has been greatly improved. However, the issue of tumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer has received increasing attention and is not currently addressed at single-cell resolution. Therefore, exploring the impact of highly heterogeneous cells on diseases from the genomic and transcriptome levels respectively, and identifying the main influencing cell subsets, could provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Methods
In this study, integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) samples from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) samples and paracancerous control samples were downloaded from the high-throughput Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and batch RNA-seq data for analysis. Three NSCLC cell subsets in different differentiation states were compared and analyzed. GSEA-GO analysis predicts the biological functions and pathways of differentiation-related genes.
Results
The sequencing results of a total of 4320 cells from 11 NSCLC samples and 5 paracancerous lung tissue sample were obtained from the GEO database. After data standardization and data filtering, all cells were subjected to unsupervised clustering to obtain 3 different clusters, which were visualized after dimensionality reduction through T-SNE, and 10 differential marker genes were analyzed and screened, which can be clustered in different clusters. Gene set enrichment analysis found that CDRG was significantly associated with immune regulation and immune response, and 278 NSCLC cell differentiation related genes (CDRG) were identified.
Conclusion
Our study identified NSCLC cells with distinct differentiation characteristics based on single-cell sequencing data from GEO, emphasizing the important role of cell differentiation in predicting the clinical outcome of NSCLC patients and their potential response to immunotherapy.
A role for vocal rhythm in avian speciation
Authors: Sebastianelli Matteo , Lukhele Sifiso , Secomandi Simona , de Souza Stacey , Haase Bettina , Moysi Michaella , Nikiforou Christos , Hutfluss Alexander , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Balacco Jennifer , Pelan Sarah , Chow William , Fedrigo Olivier , Downs Colleen , Monadjem Ara , Dingemanse Niels , Jarvis Erich , Brelsford Alan , vonHoldt Bridgett , Kirschel Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Bird song mediates speciation but little is known about its genetic basis because of the confounding effect of vocal learning in model systems. Rhythm, in particular, transcends acoustic communication across the animal kingdom and plays a fundamental role in sexual selection and species recognition in birds. Here we investigated the genomic underpinnings of rhythm in vocal non-learning Pogoniulus tinkerbirds using a reference we assembled and 134 further individual whole genomes distributed across a Southern African hybrid zone. We show that rhythm speed is associated with two genes that affect speech in humans, Neurexin-1 and Coenzyme Q8A. Leveraging ancestry, we find that rhythmic stability is also associated with these candidate loci. Furthermore, a pattern of character displacement in rhythmic stability in the contact zone suggests there is reinforcement against hybridization, supported by evidence of assortative mating. Assortative mating is asymmetric, however, occurring only in the species that produces faster, more stable rhythms. Rhythmic stability reflects motor performance, a trait long regarded as an indicator of quality. Because rhythm is an omnipresent trait in animal communication, candidate genes shaping vocal rhythm identified here may play a pivotal role in speciation across birds and other vertebrates.
Effects of forest age and seasonal changes on soil microbial community diversity in Chinese fir plantations
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Chen Hanyue , Jiang Yihang , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Xiongqing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding changes in the distribution patterns and diversity of soil microbial communities from the perspectives of age-related changes, seasonal variations, and the interaction between the two factors can facilitate the management of plantations. In Chinese fir plantations, we collected soils from different depths in overmature forests (OMF), mature forests (MAF), near-mature forests (NMF), middle-aged forests (MIF), and young forests (YOF) in summer, autumn, and winter in China's subtropical regions. As the forests developed, the fungal community recovered high diversity in MAF and OMF while bacterial indicators continued to decline. Bacterial communities were more diverse in summer and fungal communities were more diverse in winter. Differences between seasons were mainly reflected in average and maximum temperature indicators. Bacteria clustered by season, while fungi clustered by developmental stage, showed differences in distribution and structure at different taxonomic levels. The fungal community is a more important indicator of soil fertility maintenance, increasing with the increase of forest age, which suggested that extending tree cultivation time could improve the soil fertility of plantations. In different seasons and different ages, we found some species worthy of attention, including Actinobacteria with high abundance in summer and Bacteroidetes in autumn in overmature forests, and Firmicutes in summer in young forests. In autumn, species like Arcopilus and Tolypocladium in near-mature and over-mature forests also have the significance of further research, which may be key species for soil fertility restoration.
Fatigue Properties of Subway Concrete Segments Repaired by HPM and GFRP
Authors: sun Xuewei , Zhong Jianjun , Gao Peiwei , Qian Pingping , Zhang Jun , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cracks of the reinforced concrete segment are the most important factor affecting the safety, and durability of tunnel structures. In this paper, a joint repair method of High Performance Polymer Matrix (HPM) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) was proposed. The static and fatigue tests with or without crack repair were carried out by inclined beam loading on different reinforcement ratio segments. In static tests, after repair, the cracking load of LS12 and LS14 increased by 39% and 33%, respectively, and did not crack at the original crack location. HPM + GFRP significantly increases the stiffness of the member before yield, and the reinforcement ratio is the main factor affecting the stiffness after yield. In the fatigue test, the deflection and concrete strain of the HPM + GFRP repair specimens at the early stage of loading are reduced. With the accumulation of damage during fatigue cycles, HPM cracks and GFRP tensile force decreases, and the steel bar fatigue fracture will still occur in the final component. After 50,000 fatigue cycles, the residual bearing capacity of LD14 still reached more than 95% of the static strength, and the deflection increased only by no more than 3%, which is enough to prove that HPM material has good fatigue resistance, and GFRP can still effectively bond with concrete after fatigue loading.
Preoperative Splenic area as a Prognostic Biomarker of Early-stage Non- small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Mengmei , Yan Guanghong , Li Yanli , You Ruiming , Liu Lizhu , Zhang Dafu , Yang Guangjun , Dong Xingxiang , Ding Yingying , Yan Shan , You Dingyun , Li Zhenhui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The correlation between the preoperative splenic area measured on CT scans and the overall survival (OS) of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is remains unclear.
Methods
A retrospective discovery cohort and validation cohort were created, consisting of consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent resection and preoperative CT scans. The patients were divided into two groups based on the measurement of their preoperative splenic area : normal and abnormal. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the correlation between splenic area and OS.
Results
The discovery and validation cohorts included 2532 patients (1374 (54.27%) males; the median (IQR) age was 59 (52–66) years), and 608 patients (403 (66.28%) males; age was 69 (62–76) years), respectively. Patients with the normal splenic area had 6% higher 5-year OS (n = 727 (80%)) than that patients with the abnormal splenic area (n = 1805 (74%)) (p = 0.007) in the discovery cohort. A similar result was obtained in the validation cohort. In univariable analysis, the OS hazard ratio (HR) for the patients with abnormal splenic area were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61) in the discovery cohort, and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.50) in the validation cohort, respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that abnormal splenic area was independent of shorter OS in the discovery (HR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.63) and validation cohorts (HR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.12, 3.02).
Conclusion
Preoperative measurement of splenic area on CT scans can indicate poor prognosis in early-stage NSCLC patients.
Solid Organ Transplantation from SARS-CoV-2–infected Donor to Uninfected
Recipients: First in the United Arab Emirates and the Neighboring Region
Authors: Al Dhaheri Fatima A. , Al Hammadi Ahmed A. , Boni Reginaldo C. , Randhawa Amina A. , Nsutebu Emmanuel F. , Mooty Mohamad , Al Seiari Mohamed Y. , Holt Stephen G. , Al Obaidli Ali A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The lifesaving practice of organ donation and transplantation has been deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Up until January 2022, donors were screened out of the donor pool in the UAE if they tested positive for SARS-COV-2.

Methods:
We report a case of a COVID-19 infected donor whose organs were transplanted to 3 uninfected recipients (2 kidneys, 1 liver). A national guideline was created to permit a change in practice after the engagement and endorsement of relevant stakeholders. Recipients were informed of Donor’s COVID status and consented.

Results:
The Donor was a 35-year-old previously healthy male who was hospitalized due to a spontaneous intracerebral bleed of unclear etiology and met brain death criteria. SARS-COV-2 PCR testing was obtained on admission and remained persistently positive beyond day 14 of admission. The donor was otherwise afebrile and had normal inflammatory markers with no evidence of an infectious pulmonary process on CT scan. The donor did not receive any COVID therapies. The donor had received 3 doses of the Sinopharm vaccine, the last dose being 3 months prior to admission. Organ retrieval occurred on day 24 of COVID-19 PCR positivity to three uninfected recipients in two different transplant centers in the UAE.

Conclusion:
Transplanting solid organs from non-lung COVID positive donors can effectively maintain an expanded donor pool during the pandemic.
Evaluating Allied Health Clinical Placement Performance: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Simmons Lisa , Barker Ruth , Barnett Fiona 
Published: July 2023

Background
University-affiliated student-led health care services have emerged in response to the challenges faced by universities in securing quality clinical placements for health care students. Evidence of the health care benefits and challenges of student-led health care services is growing, while evidence of clinical placement performance remains variable and not generalizable. Though there have been previous attempts to develop a framework for evaluation of clinical placement performance, concerns have been raised about the applicability of these frameworks across the various placement settings. Additionally, the perspectives of all key stakeholders on the critical areas of clinical placement performance have yet to be considered.

Objective
This study’s objective is to gather information on areas of measurement related to student learning outcomes, experience of placement, and costs of placement and then develop consensus on which of those areas need to be included in a framework for evaluation of clinical placement performance within the context of student-led health care services. The aim of this paper is to outline a protocol for a modified Delphi study designed to gain consensus on what is important to measure when evaluating an allied health clinical placement.

Methods
We will recruit up to 30 experts to a heterogeneous expert panel in a modified Delphi study. Experts will consist of those with firsthand experience either coordinating, supervising, or undertaking clinical placement. Purposive sampling will be used to ensure maximum variation in expert panel member characteristics. Experts’ opinions will be sought on measuring student learning outcomes, student experience, and cost of clinical placement, and other areas of clinical placement performance that are considered important. Three rounds will be conducted to establish consensus on what is important to measure when evaluating clinical placement. Each round is anticipated to yield both quantitative data (eg, percentage of agreement) and qualitative data (eg, free-text responses). In each round, quantitative data will be analyzed descriptively and used to determine consensus, which will be defined as ≥70% agreement. Qualitative responses will be analyzed thematically and used to inform the subsequent round. Findings of each round will be presented, both consensus data and qualitative responses in each subsequent round, to inform expert panel members and to elicit further rankings on areas of measurement yet to achieve consensus.

Results
Data analysis is currently underway, with a planned publication in 2024.

Conclusions
The modified Delphi approach, supported by existing research and its ability to gain consensus through multiround expert engagement, provides an appropriate methodology to inform the development of a framework for the evaluation of clinical placement performance in allied health service.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/44020
Postpandemic Evaluation of the Eco-Efficiency of Personal Protective Equipment Against COVID-19 in Emergency Departments: Proposal for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Berthelot Simon , Longtin Yves , Margni Manuele , Guertin Jason Robert , LeBlanc Annie , Marx Tania , Mangou Khadidiatou , Bluteau Ariane , Mantovani Diego , Mikhaylin Sergey , Bergeron Frédéric , Dancause Valérie , Desjardins Anne , Lahrichi Nadia , Martin Danielle , Sossa Charles Jérôme , Lachapelle Philippe , Genest Isabelle , Schaal Stéphane , Gignac Anne , Tremblay Stéphane , Hufty Éric , Bélanger Lynda , Beatty Erica 
Published: July 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on emergency department (ED) care in Canada and around the world. To prevent transmission of COVID-19, personal protective equipment (PPE) was required for all ED care providers in contact with suspected cases. With mass vaccination and improvements in several infection prevention components, our hypothesis is that the risks of transmission of COVID-19 will be significantly reduced and that current PPE use will have economic and ecological consequences that exceed its anticipated benefits. Evidence is needed to evaluate PPE use so that recommendations can ensure the clinical, economic, and environmental efficiency (ie, eco-efficiency) of its use.

Objective
To support the development of recommendations for the eco-efficient use of PPE, our research objectives are to (1) estimate the clinical effectiveness (reduced transmission, hospitalizations, mortality, and work absenteeism) of PPE against COVID-19 for health care workers; (2) estimate the financial cost of using PPE in the ED for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients; and (3) estimate the ecological footprint of PPE use against COVID-19 in the ED.

Methods
We will conduct a mixed method study to evaluate the eco-efficiency of PPE use in the 5 EDs of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Québec, Canada). To achieve our goals, the project will include four phases: systematic review of the literature to assess the clinical effectiveness of PPE (objective 1; phase 1); cost estimation of PPE use in the ED using a time-driven activity-based costing method (objective 2; phase 2); ecological footprint estimation of PPE use using a life cycle assessment approach (objective 3; phase 3); and cost-consequence analysis and focus groups (integration of objectives 1 to 3; phase 4).

Results
The first 3 phases have started. The results of these phases will be available in 2023. Phase 4 will begin in 2023 and results will be available in 2024.

Conclusions
While the benefits of PPE use are likely to diminish as health care workers’ immunity increases, it is important to assess its economic and ecological impacts to develop recommendations to guide its eco-efficient use.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022302598; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=302598

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/50682
ON THE ISSUE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF MODERN CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kudrina O. Yu. 
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the directions of social and economic security of modern cities of Ukraine. The development of an effective model of security of a modern city should use a logical basis, take into account regional development plans, directing efforts to consistently increase the human development index in the medium term. Such a model should be created taking into account all categories of the population, the nature of the activities of residents and the current state of life of citizens, etc. The number one issue for the development of modern Ukrainian cities, regardless of size, is economic development, as job creation and investment attraction are key to the healthy development of a city, regardless of its location or size. Community leaders and scholars who research this issue believe that planning, water supply, and transportation infrastructure (roads, highways, and bridges) are of great importance to their communities. The Russian-Ukrainian war set new requirements for models of social and economic security of Ukrainian cities, for city management and implementation of city policy.
In general, they are related to the relocation of industries or the emergence of their new forms, the formation of new rules for business, the reorientation of sales markets, which fundamentally changes the understanding of the foundations of urban politics. Traditionally, the management of the city's development is mainly focused on ensuring its economic component. However, it is important to take into account the social sphere in this process by shifting the emphasis to intangible factors, updating the service sector, developing intercultural interaction, establishing relationships between business and culture. Such measures will ensure resistance to changes in economic and social spheres of the city's life, as well as focus on innovative development and the achievement of a high quality of life for every citizen. A group of issues such as emergency planning, parks and recreation areas, health care, solid waste removal, and law enforcement are of almost equal importance in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukrainian cities. Given the differences in individual security needs in the cities of Ukraine bordering the russian federation and the war zone and cities that have received internally displaced persons, it is necessary to promote the development of specific models of social and economic security of cities based on taking into account various directions and conditions for their implementation.
ANALISIS KESULITAN GURU PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS RENDAH DALAM KURIKULUM 2013 DI SDN MEDANG KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Suprapto Intan Zahralia , Oktrifianty Erdhita , Azdi M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract : This research is a descriptive qualitative research which is intended to examine and analyze the data objectively according to the data found in the field. Then the data collected from the research results are described in the form of words. Informants in this study were low grade teachers and school principals. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study aim to find out what are the difficulties of teachers in thematic learning in low grades. There are teacher difficulties in learning, namely planning problems, implementation problems and assessment problems. Keywords : Analysis of Teacher Difficulties in Thematic Learning. Abstrak : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis data secara objektif sesuai data yang ditemukan dilapangan. Kemudian data yang terkumpul dari hasil penelitian di deskripsikan dalam bentuk kata-kata. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas rendah dan kepala sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu obervasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja kesulitan guru dalam pembelajaran tematik di kelas rendah. Terdapat kesulitan guru dalam pembelajaran yaitu problem perencanaan, problem pelaksanaan dan problem penilaian.Kata Kunci : Analisis Kesulitan Guru dalam Pembelajaran Tematik.
Behaviour of a Torsional Vibration Viscous Damper in the Event of a Damper Fluid Shortage
Authors: Chmielowiec Andrzej , Michajłyszyn Adam , Homik Wojciech 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article presents the analysis of a damping fluid deficiency in a torsional vibration viscous damper. The problem is analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experimental results are presented, showing what happens to the damper in a situation where the design of the housing is inadequate and the inertia forces prevent the formation of an oil film. In addition, the article deals with the problem of the proper design of the oil channel and the dimensions required to enable the damper to operate reliably. The results of the article may be useful to the constructors of torsional vibration viscous dampers for marine engines.