bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing microwave impedance microscopy in a dilution refrigerator
Authors: Jiang Zhanzhi , Chong Su Kong , Zhang Peng , Deng Peng , Chu Shizai , Jahanbani Shahin , Wang Kang L. , Lai Keji 
Published: May 2023

We report the implementation of a dilution refrigerator-based scanning microwave impedance microscope with a base temperature of ∼100 mK. The vibration noise of our apparatus with tuning-fork feedback control is as low as 1 nm. Using this setup, we have demonstrated the imaging of quantum anomalous Hall states in magnetically (Cr and V) doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 thin films grown on mica substrates. Both the conductive edge modes and topological phase transitions near the coercive fields of Cr- and V-doped layers are visualized in the field-dependent results. Our study establishes the experimental platform for investigating nanoscale quantum phenomena at ultralow temperatures.
A novel AC flatness adjustment technique for wideband resistive voltage dividers
Authors: Hu Hongjun , Shen Haikuo , Zhao Baoshui 
Published: May 2023

Resistive voltage dividers (RVDs) are commonly used as AC attenuation networks in measurement circuits; however, their high-frequency gain is always disturbed by nasty parasitic elements and deviates significantly from the desired design value. This paper proposes a closed-loop adjustment technique for adjusting the frequency response flatness of wideband RVDs (WRVDs). In the proposed adjustment scheme, the frequency response flatness of the WRVD is determined by a voltage-controlled compensation capacitor, whereas the corresponding control voltage is provided by a digital potentiometer. The settling time and the adjustment error of the loop are analyzed to evaluate the adjustment performance. To verify the concept, the adjustment loop is incorporated into a 100:1 WRVD for demonstration. Final experiments show that the proposed technique improves gain flatness by 81 times compared with uncompensated flatness, with 1.15% up to 2 MHz, and that the compensated voltage divider has an excellent linearity of 36 ppm up to 100 V.
Theoretical insight on the charge transport properties: The formation of “head-to-tail” and “head-to-head” stacking of asymmetric aryl anthracene derivatives
Authors: Sun Xiao-Qi , Qin Gui-Ya , Li Hui-Yuan , Jin Heng-Yu , Wang Rui , Li Hui , Ren Ai-Min , Guo Jing-Fu 
Published: May 2023

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are widely used in flexible display, renewable energy, and biosensors, owing to their unique solid-state physical and optoelectronic properties. Among the abundant crystal library of OSCs, asymmetric aryl anthracene derivatives have irreplaceable advantages due to the interplay between their distinct π-conjugated geometry and molecular stacking as well as efficient light emission and charge transport properties that can be simultaneously utilized. However, the poor crystal stacking patterns of most asymmetric molecules limit their utility as excellent OSCs. Thus, it is crucial to clarify the structural features that enable the extremely ordered stacking and favorable electronic structure of asymmetric anthracene derivatives to become high-performance OSCs. This contribution investigates the charge transport properties of a series of asymmetric aryl anthracene derivatives to reveal the modulation factors of the molecular stacking modes and to explore the structural factors, which are beneficial to charge transport. The analysis demonstrated that the vinyl-linker facilitated the injection of hole carriers, and the alkynyl-linker effectively reduces the reorganization energy. Importantly, the linear polarizability and permanent dipole moment of a single molecule play a vital regulation to molecular stacking modes and the transfer integral of the dimer. The “head-to-head stacking” motif shows a compact stacking pattern and the maximum 2D anisotropic mobility more than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. These findings sharpen our understanding of the charge transport properties in asymmetric organic semiconductors and are essential for developing a diverse range of high-performance OSC materials.
Simultaneous measurement of specific heat and thermal conductivity in pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Nomoto Tetsuya , Zhong Chengchao , Kageyama Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoko , Jaime Marcelo , Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Katsumoto Shingo , Matsuyama Naofumi , Dong Chao , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi , Izawa Koichi , Kohama Yoshimitsu 
Published: May 2023

We report an experimental setup for simultaneously measuring specific heat and thermal conductivity in feedback-controlled pulsed magnetic fields of 50 ms duration at cryogenic temperatures. A stabilized magnetic field pulse obtained by the feedback control, which dramatically improves the thermal stability of the setup and sample, is used in combination with the flash method to obtain absolute values of thermal properties up to 37.2 T in the 22–16 K temperature range. We describe the experimental setup and demonstrate the performance of the present method with measurements on single-crystal samples of the geometrically frustrated quantum spin-dimer system SrCu2(BO3)2. Our proof-of-principle results show excellent agreement with data taken using a standard steady-state method, confirming the validity and convenience of the present approach.
A novel energy harvester based on dual vibrating mechanisms with self-actuation
Authors: Hou Yi , He Lipeng , Liu Xuejin , Wang Shuangjian , Tian Xiaochao , Yu Baojun , Cheng Guangming 
Published: May 2023

This paper introduced a novel energy harvester with a tunnel and drop-shaped bluffbody for self-actuation and wind speed sensing. The harvester exhibits dual vibrating mechanisms of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping. Theoretical and numerical analyses were conducted to study the energy conversion relationship and fluid field of the harvester, and the conclusions were verified by controlled variable experiments. The optimal design values of inlet angle I 40°, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) angle P 10°, and exit angle E 10° were demonstrated with the highest output of 10.42 Vp-p at the wind speed of 18 m/s. The output voltage of the PVDF energy harvester has a reliable relationship with the wind speed as a function of wind speed sensor, which could be applied for meteorological information collection and fluid flow rate monitoring with further study conducted underwater.
Cooling dynamics of energized naphthalene and azulene radical cations
Authors: Lee Jason W. L. , Stockett Mark H. , Ashworth Eleanor K. , Navarro Navarrete José E. , Gougoula Eva , Garg Diksha , Ji MingChao , Zhu Boxing , Indrajith Suvasthika , Zettergren Henning , Schmidt Henning T. , Bull James N. 
Published: May 2023

Naphthalene and azulene are isomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are topical in the context of astrochemistry due to the recent discovery of substituted naphthalenes in the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). Here, the thermal- and photo-induced isomerization, dissociation, and radiative cooling dynamics of energized (vibrationally hot) naphthalene (Np+) and azulene (Az+) radical cations, occurring over the microsecond to seconds timescale, are investigated using a cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring, affording “molecular cloud in a box” conditions. Measurement of the cooling dynamics and kinetic energy release distributions for neutrals formed through dissociation, until several seconds after hot ion formation, are consistent with the establishment of a rapid (sub-microsecond) Np+ ⇌ Az+ quasi-equilibrium. Consequently, dissociation by C2H2-elimination proceeds predominantly through common Az+ decomposition pathways. Simulation of the isomerization, dissociation, recurrent fluorescence, and infrared cooling dynamics using a coupled master equation combined with high-level potential energy surface calculations [CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ], reproduce the trends in the measurements. The data show that radiative cooling via recurrent fluorescence, predominately through the Np+ D0 ← D2 transition, efficiently quenches dissociation for vibrational energies up to ≈1 eV above dissociation thresholds. Our measurements support the suggestion that small cations, such as naphthalene, may be more abundant in space than previously thought. The strategy presented in this work could be extended to fingerprint the cooling dynamics of other PAH ions for which isomerization is predicted to precede dissociation.
Observation of the electronic band system 23Σg−–a3Πu of C2 in the vacuum ultraviolet region
Authors: Yin Tonghui , Ma Liying , Cheng Min , Gao Hong 
Published: May 2023

A systematic spectroscopic study of the dicarbon molecule C2 has important applications in various research fields, such as astrochemistry and combustion. In the short vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength region, recent theoretical calculations have predicted many absorption band systems of C2, but only few of them have been verified experimentally yet. In this work, we employed a tunable VUV laser radiation source based on the two-photon resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing method and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate the absorption bands of C2 in the VUV range of 64 000–66 000 cm−1. The electronic transition 23Σg−(v′)–a3Πu(v″) of C2 has been observed and identified experimentally for the first time. The term value Te for the 23Σg− state is determined to be 66 389.9 ± 0.5 cm−1 above the ground state X1Σg+, and the vibrational and rotational constants are also determined. The experimentally measured spectroscopic parameters in this study are in excellent agreement with the theoretical results based on high-level ab initio calculations.
Pathways to IUD and implant insertion in general practice: a secondary analysis of the ACCORd study
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Watson Cathy J. , Taft Angela , Lucke Jayne , McGeechan Kevin , Haas Marion , McNamee Kathleen , Peipert Jeffrey F. , Black Kirsten I. 
Published: May 2023

Background Despite recommendations, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are not always offered as first-line contraceptives in general practice. This study aimed to describe pathways used by women for insertion of LARC. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the Australian Contraceptives ChOice pRoject (ACCORd), a cluster randomised controlled trial set in 57 general practices in Melbourne, Australia. We investigated whether an educational intervention for general practitioners (GPs) and a rapid LARC insertion clinic increased LARC uptake. The main outcome measures were the type of health service, location/provider of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion; time to insertion; and distance travelled for IUD insertion. Results During ACCORd, 149 women had LARC insertion. IUD training was reported by 37% of GPs, but only 12% inserted them. In contrast, 70% of GPs inserted implants and 95% of women accessed implant insertion through their own general practice. LARC rapid referral clinics were used by 52% (13/25) of intervention GPs, where 71% (41/56) of IUD insertions occurred in these clinics (but no implants). There was no difference in the mean time from referral to IUD insertion between women attending intervention and control GPs (mean days 37.6 vs 32.7; P = 0.61). GPs (including IUD inserters) used a variety of referral pathways for IUD insertion, including public and private clinics, and other GPs. Women travelled up to 90 km for IUD insertion. Conclusions Although implant insertion has been integrated into general practice, few GPs insert IUDs. Where the option exists for GPs to refer to a LARC rapid referral clinic, the majority of IUD insertions will take place there. Establishing a network of such clinics Australia wide may both increase IUD uptake and address the extensive need for GP training in IUD insertion.
Sexual risk behaviours among factory workers in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Luo Dan , Zhang Kechun , Chen Yaqi , Chen Dahui , Zhao Heping , Luo Ganfeng , Ke Wujian , Wu Shaomin , Li Linghua , Cao He , Cao Bolin , Cai Yong , Wang Zixin , Lin Qihui , Meng Xiaojun , Zou Huachun 
Published: May 2023

Background Factory workers are a key population for HIV transmission in China, as they often engage in sexual risk behaviours. This study aims to evaluate sexual risk behaviours and associated factors among factory workers in Shenzhen, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Full-time workers aged ≥18 years were eligible to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied to assess factors associated with sexual risk behaviours. Results A total of 2029 factory workers were included. Mean age was 37.2 (±4.4) years; 48.5% were men. Two-thirds (64.9%) had had vaginal intercourse. Their sexual risk behaviours included condomless sex with casual partners in the last sex episode (23.6%), multiple sex partners (11.5%) and engaging in commercial sex (8.4%), in the past year. Having HIV/AIDS knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24–0.70) and using a condom at sexual debut (AOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.05–0.13) were factors associated with condomless sex with casual partners in the last sex episode. Males (AOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.96–4.69 and AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33–3.60), local workers (AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.01–4.42 and AOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.63–7.21), being single (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.39–3.01 and AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.61–3.87), having sexual debut aged <18 years (AOR 5.98, 95% CI 3.28–10.89 and AOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.74–6.39), and substance use (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.38–2.93 and AOR 4.43, 95% CI 2.85–6.87) were associated with both having multiple sex partners and engaging in commercial sex in the past year. Conclusions Sexual risk behaviours were prevalent despite most participants having basic HIV/AIDS knowledge. Future workplace-based prevention programs should target factory workers and there should be a focus on enhanced sexual education to reduce HIV transmission in China.
Direct neuronal reprogramming by temporal identity factors
Authors: Boudreau-Pinsonneault Camille , David Luke Ajay , Lourenço Fernandes José Alex , Javed Awais , Fries Michel , Mattar Pierre , Cayouette Michel 
Published: May 2023

Temporal identity factors are sufficient to reprogram developmental competence of neural progenitors and shift cell fate output, but whether they can also reprogram the identity of terminally differentiated cells is unknown. To address this question, we designed a conditional gene expression system that allows rapid screening of potential reprogramming factors in mouse retinal glial cells combined with genetic lineage tracing. Using this assay, we found that coexpression of the early temporal identity transcription factors Ikzf1 and Ikzf4 is sufficient to directly convert Müller glial (MG) cells into cells that translocate to the outer nuclear layer (ONL), where photoreceptor cells normally reside. We name these “induced ONL (iONL)” cells. Using genetic lineage tracing, histological, immunohistochemical, and single-cell transcriptome and multiome analyses, we show that expression of Ikzf1/4 in MG in vivo, without retinal injury, mostly generates iONL cells that share molecular characteristics with bipolar cells, although a fraction of them stain for Rxrg, a cone photoreceptor marker. Furthermore, we show that coexpression of Ikzf1 and Ikzf4 can reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced neurons in culture by rapidly remodeling chromatin and activating a neuronal gene expression program. This work uncovers general neuronal reprogramming properties for temporal identity factors in terminally differentiated cells.
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics of failing human left ventricle identifies dilated cardiomyopathy-associated phosphorylation of CTNNA3
Authors: Reitz Cristine J. , Tavassoli Marjan , Kim Da Hye , Shah Saumya , Lakin Robert , Teng Allen C. T. , Zhou Yu-Qing , Li Wenping , Hadipour-Lakmehsari Sina , Backx Peter H. , Emili Andrew , Oudit Gavin Y. , Kuzmanov Uros , Gramolini Anthony O. 
Published: May 2023

The prognosis and treatment outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients rely heavily on disease etiology, yet the majority of underlying signaling mechanisms are complex and not fully elucidated. Phosphorylation is a major point of protein regulation with rapid and profound effects on the function and activity of protein networks. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies examining cardiac tissue from HF patients with either dilated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Here, we used a combined proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach to identify and quantify more than 5,000 total proteins with greater than 13,000 corresponding phosphorylation sites across explanted left ventricle (LV) tissue samples, including HF patients with DCM vs. nonfailing controls (NFC), and left ventricular infarct vs. noninfarct, and periinfarct vs. noninfarct regions of HF patients with ICM. Each pair-wise comparison revealed unique global proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles with both shared and etiology-specific perturbations. With this approach, we identified a DCM-associated hyperphosphorylation cluster in the cardiomyocyte intercalated disc (ICD) protein, αT-catenin (CTNNA3). We demonstrate using both ex vivo isolated cardiomyocytes and in vivo using an AAV9-mediated overexpression mouse model, that CTNNA3 phosphorylation at these residues plays a key role in maintaining protein localization at the cardiomyocyte ICD to regulate conductance and cell–cell adhesion. Collectively, this integrative proteomic/phosphoproteomic approach identifies region- and etiology-associated signaling pathways in human HF and describes a role for CTNNA3 phosphorylation in the pathophysiology of DCM.
A human FLII gene variant alters sarcomeric actin thin filament length and predisposes to cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kuwabara Yasuhide , York Allen J. , Lin Suh-Chin , Sargent Michelle A. , Grimes Kelly M. , Pirruccello James P. , Molkentin Jeffery D. 
Published: May 2023

To better understand the genetic basis of heart disease, we identified a variant in the
Flightless-I homolog
(
FLII
) gene that generates a R1243H missense change and predisposes to cardiac remodeling across multiple previous human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Since this gene is of unknown function in the mammalian heart we generated gain- and loss-of-function genetically altered mice, as well as knock-in mice with the syntenic R1245H amino acid substitution, which showed that Flii protein binds the sarcomeric actin thin filament and influences its length. Deletion of
Flii
from the heart, or mice with the R1245H amino acid substitution, show cardiomyopathy due to shortening of the actin thin filaments. Mechanistically, Flii is a known actin binding protein that we show associates with tropomodulin-1 (TMOD1) to regulate sarcomere thin filament length. Indeed, overexpression of leiomodin-2 in the heart, which lengthens the actin-containing thin filaments, partially rescued disease due to heart-specific deletion of
Flii
. Collectively, the identified
FLII
human variant likely increases cardiomyopathy risk through an alteration in sarcomere structure and associated contractile dynamics, like other sarcomere gene-based familial cardiomyopathies.
Electroregulation of graphene–nanofluid interactions to coenhance water permeation and ion rejection in vertical graphene membranes
Authors: Zhang Hai-Guang , Quan Xie , Du Lei , Wei Gao-Liang , Chen Shuo , Yu Hong-Tao , Dong Ying-Chao 
Published: May 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes with nanoconfined interlayer channels theoretically enable anomalous nanofluid transport for ultrahigh filtration performance. However, it is still a significant challenge for current GO laminar membranes to achieve ultrafast water permeation and high ion rejection simultaneously, because of the contradictory effect that exists between the water–membrane hydrogen-bond interaction and the ion–membrane electrostatic interaction. Here, we report a vertically aligned reduced GO (VARGO) membrane and propose an electropolarization strategy for regulating the interfacial hydrogen-bond and electrostatic interactions to concurrently enhance water permeation and ion rejection. The membrane with an electro-assistance of 2.5 V exhibited an ultrahigh water permeance of 684.9 L m
−2
h
−1
bar
−1
, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those of reported GO-based laminar membranes. Meanwhile, the rejection rate of the membrane for NaCl was as high as 88.7%, outperforming most reported graphene-based membranes (typically 10 to 50%). Molecular dynamics simulations and density-function theory calculations revealed that the electropolarized VARGO nanochannels induced the well-ordered arrangement of nanoconfined water molecules, increasing the water transport efficiency, and thereby resulting in improved water permeation. Moreover, the electropolarization effect enhanced the surface electron density of the VARGO nanochannels and reinforced the interfacial attractive interactions between the cations in water and the oxygen groups and π-electrons on the VARGO surface, strengthening the ion-partitioning and Donnan effect for the electrostatic exclusion of ions. This finding offers an electroregulation strategy for membranes to achieve both high water permeability and high ion rejection performance.
Lifetime inclusive fitness effects of cooperative polygamy in the acorn woodpecker
Authors: Koenig Walter D. , Barve Sahas , Haydock Joseph , Dugdale Hannah L. , Oli Madan K. , Walters Eric L. 
Published: May 2023

Although over 50 y have passed since W. D. Hamilton articulated kin selection and inclusive fitness as evolutionary explanations for altruistic behavior, quantifying inclusive fitness continues to be challenging. Here, using 30 y of data and two alternative methods, we outline an approach to measure lifetime inclusive fitness effects of cooperative polygamy (mate-sharing or cobreeding) in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker
Melanerpes formicivorus
. For both sexes, the number of offspring (observed direct fitness) declined while the number of young parented by related cobreeders (observed indirect fitness effect) increased with cobreeding coalition size. Combining these two factors, the observed inclusive fitness effect of cobreeding was greater than breeding singly for males, while the pattern for females depended on whether fitness was age-weighted, as females breeding singly accrued greater fitness at younger ages than cobreeding females. Accounting for the fitness birds would have obtained by breeding singly, however, lifetime inclusive fitness effects declined with coalition size for males, but were greater for females breeding as duos compared to breeding singly, due largely to indirect fitness effects of kin. Our analyses provide a road map for, and demonstrate the importance of, quantifying indirect fitness as a powerful evolutionary force contributing to the costs and benefits of social behaviors.