bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of developmental alcohol exposure on cortical multisensory integration
Authors: Keum Dongil , Pultorak Katie , Meredith M. Alex , Medina Alexandre E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most common causes of mental disabilities in the world with a prevalence of 1%–6% of all births. Sensory processing deficits and cognitive problems are a major feature in this condition. Because developmental alcohol exposure can impair neuronal plasticity, and neuronal plasticity is crucial for the establishment of neuronal circuits in sensory areas, we predicted that exposure to alcohol during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation would disrupt the development of multisensory integration (MSI) in the rostral portion of the posterior parietal cortex (PPr), an integrative visual–tactile area. We conducted in vivo electrophysiology in 17 ferrets from four groups (saline/alcohol; infancy/adolescence). A total of 1157 neurons were recorded after visual, tactile and combined visual–tactile stimulation. A multisensory (MS) enhancement or suppression is characterized by a significantly increased or decreased number of elicited spikes after combined visual–tactile stimulation compared to the strongest unimodal (visual or tactile) response. At the neuronal level, those in infant animals were more prone to show MS suppression whereas adolescents were more prone to show MS enhancement. Although alcohol‐treated animals showed similar developmental changes between infancy and adolescence, they always ‘lagged behind’ controls showing more MS suppression and less enhancement. Our findings suggest that alcohol exposure during the last months of human gestation would stunt the development of MSI, which could underlie sensory problems seen in FASD.
A semiempirical constitutive relationship for rocks under uniaxial compression considering the initial damage recovery
Authors: Xie Shijie , Han Zhenyu , Zhou Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA better understanding of the constitutive model and damage evolution law is the premise to ensure their feasibility and practicability in rock engineering projects. In this paper, a damage constitutive relationship, which can reflect the initial damage recovery, is established based on the generalized equivalent strain principle and the initial tangent modulus. A Weibull distribution‐based model is also established to represent the deformation after the compaction point. A piecewise expression of the complete stress–strain curve of rocks under uniaxial compression is thereby obtained by the combination of the above two constitutive models. Finally, the effectiveness of the piecewise constitutive relationship is verified using uniaxial compression test data of different types of rocks. The results show that the theoretical curves are in good agreement with the experimental curves. Parameters of the proposed relationship are relatively to be derived, making it convenient for engineering applications.
Unequal opportunities in accessing employability‐related programmes: South Asian graduates' experiences in Australia
Authors: Nachatar Singh Jasvir Kaur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLimited scholarly work has been conducted on obtaining equal opportunities to participate in employability‐related programmes by international students while studying in Australia. Drawing on a qualitative study, 20 South Asian postgraduates were interviewed to explore their experiences in accessing employability‐related programmes. Based on the findings, South Asian graduates have experienced unequal opportunities in accessing employability‐related programmes as postgraduate international students in Australia. They are disadvantaged by generic career advice and resume assistance offered by their university career office, and companies invited to university career fairs offer internships, placements or graduate programme opportunities mostly to domestic students. As a result, South Asian graduates were unable to gain employment in their field of studies. South Asian graduates have also offered several useful recommendations to facilitate more equal chances of developing employability and thereby gaining successful employment in Australia. These include partnerships with companies in providing employment opportunities, diversification of university career office roles, and establishing connections with alumni. The paper also discusses implications for Australian higher education institutions and higher education policy and practice in Australia.
The role of psychological flexibility in the relationships between burnout, job satisfaction, and mental health among nurses in combatting COVID‐19: A two‐region survey
Authors: Chong Yuen Yu , Frey Eveline , Chien Wai Tong , Cheng Ho Yu , Gloster Andrew T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that the COVID‐19 pandemic is adversely impacting the mental health and well‐being of frontline nurses worldwide. It is therefore important to understand how such impact can be mitigated, including by studying psychological capacities that could help the nurses regulate and minimize the impact.AimTo examine the role of psychological flexibility in mitigating the adverse impacts of burnout and low job satisfaction on mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress) and well‐being among the frontline nurses in Hong Kong and Switzerland during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignCross‐sectional, two‐region survey study.MethodFour hundred fifty‐two nurses from Hong Kong (n = 158) and Switzerland (n = 294) completed an online survey. An adjusted structured equation model was used to examine the interrelationship of the constructs.ResultsPsychological flexibility was found to partially mediate the effects of job satisfaction on mental well‐being (β = 0.32, 95% CI [0.19, 0.57], p = 0.001) and mental health problems (β = −0.79, 95% CI [−1.57, −0.44], p = 0.001), respectively. Similarly, this partial mediation was found in the effects of burnout on mental well‐being (β = −0.35, 95% CI [−0.89, −0.15], p = 0.002) and mental health problems (β = 0.89, 95% CI [0.48, 3.65], p = 0.001).ConclusionPsychological flexibility could be a crucial psychological resilience factor against the adverse impact of nurses' burnout on their mental health problems and well‐being during COVID‐19.Clinical RelevanceOrganizational measures should focus on fostering psychological flexibility in nurses through highly accessible, brief psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, to reduce the impact on mental health.
Diagnostic performance of CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH‐I in identifying primary ovarian cancer
Authors: Luo Hui‐Jing , Hu Zhi‐Dong , Cui Ming , Zhang Xiao‐Fang , Tian Wen‐Yan , Ma Chao‐Qun , Ren Ya‐Nv , Dong Zuo‐Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the ability of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), and Copenhagen Index (CPH‐I) to identify primary ovarian cancer (OC) from borderline and benign ovarian tumors (OTs) and explore ideal cutoff points.MethodsA total of 684 OTs containing 276 OC patients, 116 ovarian borderline OTs and 292 benign OTs patients who underwent surgery in our hospital were included. We retrospectively searched the results of CA125 and HE4 before patients' surgery from the hospital's electronic medical records system. ROMA and CPH‐I were calculated according to their menopausal status and age, respectively. Diagnostic performance of these four were assessed by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsCA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH‐I were all significantly higher in OC women compared with borderline OTs (p < 0.001), followed by benign OTs (p < 0.001). Area under the curves (AUCs) for distinguishing OC were 0.850 (0.818–0.882), 0.891 (0.865–0.916), 0.910 (0.888–0.933) and 0.906 (0.882–0.930), respectively, and the corresponding ideal cutoff values for CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH‐I were 132.5, 68.6, 23.8, and 6.4, respectively. The difference between ROMA and CPH‐I was not significant (p = 0.97), but both were higher than CA125 and HE4 (p < 0.05). HE4 showed a significantly higher AUC than CA125 (p < 0.05). For postmenopausal women, CA125 performed equivalently to ROMA (p = 0.73) and CPH‐I (p = 0.91).ConclusionsIn identifying patients with OC, ROMA and CPH‐I outperformed single tumor marker. The diagnostic performance of HE4 was significantly higher than that of CA125. CA125 was more suitable for postmenopausal women.
Association of poor oral health status and faecal incontinence in patients with dysphagia: A cross‐sectional analysis from the Sarcopenic Dysphagia Database
Authors: Shimizu Akio , Maki Hiroki , Ohno Tomohisa , Nomoto Akiko , Fujishima Ichiro , Kayashita Jun , Momosaki Ryo , Nishioka Shinta , Wakabayashi Hidetaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor oral health status may alter oral and gut microbiota. Previous studies have shown that poor oral health can exacerbate gut inflammation. Therefore, poor oral health status may be related to faecal incontinence via changes in the gut.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between poor oral health status and faecal incontinence in inpatients with dysphagia.MethodsThis multicentre cross‐sectional study included 423 patients (mean age 79.8 ± 11.5 years, 48.2% female) with dysphagia. Oral health status was assessed at each facility using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) or the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG). Poor oral health status was defined as an OHAT score of ≥3 or a ROAG score of ≥13. A multivariate logistic model was used to analyse the association between poor oral health status and faecal incontinence.ResultsA total of 351 (83.0%) patients had poor oral health and 97 (22.7%) had faecal incontinence. Patients with poor oral health status had a higher proportion of faecal incontinence than those with normal oral health status (25.4% vs. 11.1%, p = .009). A multivariate logistic model revealed an association between faecal incontinence and poor oral health status (adjusted odds ratio = 2.501, 95% confidence interval = 1.065–5.873, p = .035).ConclusionsPoor oral health status assessed by OHAT or ROAG in inpatients with dysphagia may adversely affect faecal incontinence. Further studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between poor oral health status and faecal incontinence.
Effect of sintering on the translucency of CAD–CAM lithium disilicate restorations: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Jurado Carlos A. , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Hyer Jared , Alhotan Abdulaziz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThe available independent data on the translucency of novel pre and fully sintered chairside computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) lithium disilicate are limited. This comparative in vitro study evaluated the translucency degree of pre and fully sintered chairside CAD–CAM lithium disilicate crowns after optional, required, and additional firing processes.Materials and methodsOne hundred and five maxillary left central incisor crowns manufactured by three different CAD–CAM lithium disilicate brands shade A1 were assigned into seven groups as follows (n = 15): (1) Straumann n!ce without sintering; (2) Straumann n!ce with one additional sintering process; (3) Straumann n!ce with two additional sintering processes; (4) Amber Mill with one sintering process; (5) Amber Mill with two sintering processes; (6) IPS e.max CAD with one sintering process; and (7) IPS e.max CAD with two sintering processes. The translucency of all crowns was evaluated with a color imaging spectrophotometer. All statistical analyses were performed using statistical software. A standard level of significance was set at α < 0.05.ResultsAll the milled crowns presented different degrees of translucency, and additional sintering processes altered it. IPS e.max CAD with two (4.33 ± 0.26) and one (4.01 ± 0.15) sintering processes displayed the highest translucency, whereas Straumann n!ce with no sintering process provided the lowest value (2.82 ± 0.16).ConclusionsThe translucency of chairside lithium disilicate single‐unit full‐coverage restorations manufactured with subtractive technology was significantly influenced by the brand and the number of sintering processes. The traditional presintered IPS e.max CAD and the fully crystallized glass–ceramic Straumann n!ce considerably increased the translucency after one additional firing process, whereas Amber Mill decreased its translucency.
Continuities Between Peircean Realism and Critical Realism: On Causation, Ontology, and Truth
Authors: Ritz Bridget 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, critical realists have increasingly engaged with the thought of Charles S. Peirce (1839‐1914), the founder of the American pragmatist tradition. But the engagement has been mostly narrow in focus and at times misinformed. This paper examines points of continuity between Peircean thought and critical realism with respect to causation, ontology, and truth. Its purpose is to lay the groundwork for further and more fruitful engagement between the traditions by bringing attention to some things critical realists may not have known, and to correct some inaccurate things they thought they knew, about Peirce's philosophy.
The MYB transcription factor Seed Shattering 11 controls seed shattering by repressing lignin synthesis in African rice
Authors: Ning Jing , He Wei , Wu Linhua , Chang Leqin , Hu Min , Fu Yongcai , Liu Fengxia , Sun Hongying , Gu Ping , Ndjiondjop Marie‐Noelle , Sun Chuanqing , Zhu Zuofeng 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAfrican cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) was domesticated from its wild progenitor species (Oryza barthii) about 3000 years ago. Seed shattering is one of the main constraints on grain production in African cultivated rice, which causes severe grain losses during harvest. By contrast, Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) displays greater resistance to seed shattering, allowing higher grain production. A better understanding in regulation of seed shattering would help to improve harvesting efficiency in African cultivated rice. Here, we report the map‐based cloning and characterization of OgSH11, a MYB transcription factor controlling seed shattering in O. glaberrima. OgSH11 represses the expression of lignin biosynthesis genes and lignin deposition by binding to the promoter of GH2. We successfully developed a new O. glaberrima material showing significantly reduced seed shattering by knockout of SH11 in O. glaberrima using CRISPR‐Cas9 mediated approach. Identification of SH11 not only supplies a new target for seed shattering improvement in African cultivated rice, but also provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of abscission layer development.
Two environmental signal‐driven RNA metabolic processes: Alternative splicing and translation
Authors: Wang Long , Xu Fan , Yu Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlants live in fixed locations and have evolved adaptation mechanisms that integrate multiple responses to various environmental signals. Among the different components of these response pathways, receptors/sensors represent nodes that recognise environmental signals. Additionally, RNA metabolism plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis. With the development of RNA biotechnology, recent advances have been made in determining the roles of RNA metabolism in response to different environmental signals—especially the roles of alternative splicing and translation. In this review, we discuss recent progress in research on how the environmental adaptation mechanisms in plants are affected at the posttranscriptional level. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism through which plants adapt to environmental changes by regulating the posttranscriptional level and are conducive for breeding stress‐tolerant plants to cope with dynamic and rapidly changing environments.
Organic acidurias in Egyptian children: The urge for high‐risk screening
Authors: Mehaney Dina A. , Seliem Zeinab S. , Selim Laila A. , Khalil Mona S. , Abou‐Youssef Hazem S. , Elsayed Elham M. , Abdou Doaa M. , Rizzo Cristiano , Dioniasi‐Vici Carlo , Abdelazim Aya M. , Elkady Sherihan H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrganic acidurias are a group of inborn errors of metabolism. They present a significant diagnostic challenge and are associated with serious morbidity and mortality. They are considered the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism among high‐risk children. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a reliable diagnostic technique for organic acidurias.This hospital‐based study aimed to quantify the frequency of organic acidurias among a group of high‐risk Egyptian pediatric patients and to highlight the importance of high‐risk screening for such disorders.MethodsOne hundred and fifty high‐risk children who presented to the inherited metabolic disease unit and the pediatric intensive care units of Cairo University Children Hospital were tested for urine organic acids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsThirty percent (45/150) of the patients were confirmed as having an altered organic acids profile. Neurological manifestations were the most common presentation. Glutaric aciduria type I and maple‐syrup urine disease were the most common disorders encountered among the group that was studied.ConclusionOrganic acid detection by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is key to the diagnosis of many metabolic disorders. Until a national expanded newborn screening program is established, high‐risk screening is strongly encouraged for the early detection of, and proper intervention for such disorders among Egyptian children.
Increases in muscle temperature by hot water improve muscle contractile function and reduce motor unit discharge rates
Authors: Rodrigues Patrick , Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Trajano Gabriel Siqueira , Wharton Lee , Minett Geoffrey M. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeExamine the effects of 42°C hot‐water immersion on muscle contraction function and motor unit discharge rates. Voluntary and evoked contraction assessments were examined first with a concomitant increase in the core and muscle temperature, and thereafter with increased muscle temperature but cooled core temperature.MethodsFifteen participants (24.9 ± 5.6 years) performed neuromuscular assessments before, after, and ~15‐min after either 90‐min of 42°C (hot) or 36°C (control) water immersion. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) assessment of knee extension was performed along with surface electromyography (sEMG) (vastus lateralis and medialis [VL, VM]) and voluntary activation level (VAL). Resting evoked twitch was elicited for peak torque and time to peak torque analysis. In addition, the VL and VM motor unit discharge rates (MUDR) were measured.ResultsAfter hot‐water immersion (core temperature ↑1°C; muscle temperature ↑2.4°C), MVC torque and VAL decreased (p < 0.05). The sEMG (VL and VM) and peak twitch torque did not change (p > 0.05), while time to peak torque decreased (p = 0.007). The VL and VM MUDR decreased, showing a time effect, after both water immersion conditions (36 and 42°C) (p > 0.001). Fifteen minutes after the hot‐water immersion (core temperature at baseline; muscle temperature ↑1.4°C), MVC torque returned to baseline, but VAL remained lower. The sEMG (VL and VM) remained unchanged. Peak twitch torque increased (p < 0.002) and time to peak torque remained lower (p = 0.028). The MUDR remained lower after both water immersion conditions (p < 0.05).ConclusionIncreased core temperature evoked by 42°C hot‐water immersion decreases MVC torque and VAL. However, a passive increase in muscle temperature improved evoked muscle contractile function (i.e., time to peak torque [after] and peak twitch torque [~15 min after]). Moreover, a passive increase in muscle temperature reduced the required MUDR to attain the same torque.
Assessing the effect of cleansing products on artificially polluted human hairs and skin through in vivo and in vitro models
Authors: Galliano Anthony , Ye Chengda , Su Fengjie , Wang Chad , Rakshit Rima , Guerin Myriam , Flament Frédéric , Steel Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveBased on in vivo data, in vitro models and new methods are created to mimic the impact of aerial pollution onto the hair surface and assess the efficacy of different formulae prototypes.Material and methodsTwo protocols are developed to mimic the pollution effect, in vitro, on purchased swatches, and in vivo, on scalps and forearms. First, with an artificial sebum mixed with Carbon Black particles, named “sebollution,” we evaluated, through an instrumental color measurement, the cleansing efficacy of some shampoo on scalp and hair. The second protocol allowed to assess the interaction between hair care product deposit (shampoo, conditioner, mask, and leave‐on) on hair and carbon black particles spread on fiber. The quantification of particle coverage allowed to evaluate the efficiency of a formula to limit the aerial pollution deposit on hair fiber.ResultsTo simplify and accelerate the evaluation of 42 shampoo formulae, an extrapolation of the scalp cleaning process was validated on forearm. The respective cleanabilities were calculated and covered a large range of efficacy, from 5%, for a basic bland shampoo generally used to reset swatches, to a strong deep cleansing efficacy of 100%. On hair swatches, cleanability efficiencies of five shampoo were also evaluated to eliminate the deposited of sebollution, in a range of 40%–80%. To quantify the efficacy of preventing the deposition of carbon particle on hair surface, the percentage of coverage of 45 different products was measured, from 2% to 16%. The performance depended of the product category (shampoo, conditioner, mask, and leave‐on), driven by the performance of the product deposit, and the capacity of this deposit to interact with aerial pollution.ConclusionThree new protocols and evaluation methods are proposed to evaluate and quantify the performance of hair care product, to remove/clean, limit, and protect the hair fibers against the aerial pollution that could interact with hair, scalp and sebum. The validation of these approaches was done through the testing of a large panel of hair care product leading to a complete and sincere evaluation of cleansing and anti‐deposit efficacy. Combining the knowledge acquired on pollution impact on hair and the development of specific way of evaluation, this work reinforced the rationale of using and developing new cosmetic products that reduced the impact of pollution upon some hair properties.
Truth‐value relations and logical relations
Authors: Humberstone Lloyd 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAfter some generalities about connections between functions and relations in Sections 1 and 2 recalls the possibility of taking the semantic values of ‐ary Boolean connectives as ‐ary relations among truth‐values rather than as ‐ary truth functions. Section 3, the bulk of the paper, looks at correlates of these truth‐value relations as applied to formulas, and explores in a preliminary way how their properties are related to the properties of “logical relations” among formulas such as equivalence, implication (entailment) and contrariety (logical incompatibility), concentrating for illustrative purposes on binary logical relations such as those just listed. To avoid an excess of footnotes, some points have been deferred to an Appendix as “Longer Notes”.