bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma as a Predictor of Refractive Surprise After Uneventful Cataract Surgery
Authors: Tekcan Hatice , Alpogan Oksan , Imamoglu Serhat 
Published: February 2023

Précis:
The pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group produced higher mean absolute error (MAE) and higher percentages of large-magnitude prediction error, in all investigated intraocular lens formulas. Postoperative anterior chamber angle and change in intraocular pressure (IOP) were associated with absolute error.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate refractive outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and to determine the predictive factors for refractive errors.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-four eyes with PXG, 33 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 58 normal eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this prospective study. The follow-up was 3 months. Preoperative and postoperative anterior segment parameters measured by Scheimpflug camera were compared after adjusting for age, sex, and axial length. The mean prediction error, MAE, and percentages of large-magnitude prediction error (>±1.0 D) in SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF formulas were compared.

Results:
There was a significantly greater anterior chamber angle (ACA) enlargement in PXG eyes compared with POAG (P=0.006) and normals (P=0.04). The PXG group showed significantly higher MAE in SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-RBF (0.72, 0.79, and 0.79 D, respectively) than POAG (0.43, 0.25, and 0.31 D, respectively) and normals (0.34, 0.36, 0.31 D, respectively) (P<0.0001). The large-magnitude error was significantly more frequent in the PXG group among the 3 groups with SRK/T (37%, 18%, and 12%, respectively) (P=0.005), Barrett Universal II (32%, 9%, and 10%, respectively) (P=0.005), and Hill-RBF (32%, 9%, and 9%, respectively) (P=0.002). The MAE was correlated with postoperative ACA and IOP decrease in Barrett Universal II (P=0.02 and 0.007, respectively) and Hill-RBF (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions:
PXG may be a predictor for refractive surprise after cataract surgery. Prediction errors may be due to IOP-lowering effect of surgery and larger postoperative ACA than expected, in the presence of zonular weakness.
Osteoarticular Involvement in Childhood Brucellosis: Evaluation of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiologic Features of 185 Cases
Authors: Akkoc Gulsen , Tekerek Serhat 
Published: February 2023

Backgrounds:
Brucellosis is a systemic zoonotic disease. Osteoarticular (OA) system involvement is a common complication and the predominant manifestation of brucellosis in children. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic, demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory and radiologic findings of children with brucellosis and how these related to OA involvement.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study consisted of all consecutive children and adolescents diagnosed as having brucellosis who were admitted to the pediatric infectious disease department of University of Health Sciences Van Research and Training Hospital between August 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, in Turkey.

Results:
A total of 185 patients diagnosed as having brucellosis were evaluated, 50.8% had OA involvement (n = 94). Seventy-two patients (76.6%) exhibited peripheral arthritis involvement, among of them, hip arthritis (63.9%; n = 46) was the most common manifestation, followed by arthritis of knee (30.6%; n = 22), shoulder (4.2%; n = 3) and elbow (4.2%; n = 3). A total of 31 patients (33.0%) had sacroiliac joint involvement. Seven patients (7.4%) had spinal brucellosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate level above 20 mm/h at admission and age were independent predictor of OA involvement (respectively odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% confidential interval [CI] = 1.41–5.64, ORperyear = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19). Increasing age was associated types of OA involvement.

Conclusion:
A half of brucellosis cases had OA involvement. These results can help physicians to make early identification and diagnosis of childhood OA brucellosis who present with arthritis and arthralgia to enable the disease to be treated in time.
Risk Factors for Infection and Mortality Associated With Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections in Children; Comparison With Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Bilen Nimet Melis , Sahbudak Bal Zumrut , Güner Özenen Gizem , Yildirim Arslan Sema , Ozek Gulcihan , Ozdemir Karadas Nihal , Yazici Pinar , Cilli Feriha , Kurugöl Zafer 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The increasing incidence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infections raises concern because of the high fatality/case ratio. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for infection and mortality associated with S. maltophilia bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children and compare them with Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSIs.

Methods:
All BSIs caused by S. maltophilia (n:73) and P. aeruginosa (n:80) were enrolled in this study between January 2014 and December 2021 at the Medical School of Ege University.

Results:
Previous Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission, prior glycopeptide, and carbapenem use were significantly more common in patients with S. maltophilia BSIs (P = 0.044, P = 0.009, and P = 0.001, respectively) than with P. aeruginosa BSIs. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in S. maltophilia BSIs (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that prior carbapenem use was associated with S. maltophilia BSIs (P = 0.014, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.710; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.225–5.992). PICU admission because of BSI, prior carbapenem and glycopeptide use, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly more common in patients with mortality because of S. maltophilia BSIs (P < 0.001, P = 0.010, P = 0.007, P = 0.008, P = 0.004, respectively), while only PICU admission because of BSI, and prior glycopeptide use were significant in multivariate analysis (AOR, 19.155; 95% CI: 2.337–157.018; P = 0.006 and AOR, 9.629; 95% CI: 1.053–88.013; P = 0.045, respectively).

Conclusion:
Prior carbapenem use is a significant risk factor for developing S. maltophilia BSIs. PICU admission because of BSI and prior glycopeptide use are risk factors associated with the mortality rate in patients with S. maltophilia BSIs. Therefore, S. maltophilia should be considered in patients with these risk factors, and empirical treatment should include antibiotics for S. maltophilia.
Bloodstream Infection in Children With Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: García-Espinosa Laura , del Rosal Teresa , Quintana Lucía , Maseda Rocío , Grasa Carlos , Falces-Romero Iker , Menéndez-Suso Juan José , Pérez-Conde Isabel , Méndez-Echevarría Ana , Aracil Santos Francisco Javier , Alonso Luis Alfonso , de Lucas Raúl , Calvo Cristina , Baquero-Artigao Fernando 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is frequently complicated by skin infection, which can lead to bacteremia. However, bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients with EB have not been well described.

Methods:
Retrospective study of BSI in children 0–18 years with EB from a national reference unit in Spain, in 2015–2020.

Results:
Among 126 children with EB, we identified 37 BSI episodes in 15 patients (14 recessive dystrophic EB, 1 junctional EB). The most frequent microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 12) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11). Five P. aeruginosa isolates were ceftazidime-resistant (42%), 4 of which were also resistant to meropenem and quinolones (33%). As for S. aureus, 4 (36%) were methicillin-resistant and 3 (27%) clindamycin-resistant. In 25 (68%) BSI episodes skin cultures had been performed in the previous 2 months. The most frequent isolates were also P. aeruginosa (n = 15) and S. aureus (n = 11). In 13 cases (52%), smear and blood cultures grew the same microorganism, with the same antimicrobial resistance pattern in 9 isolates. Twelve patients (10%) died during follow-up (9 RDEB and 3 JEB). BSI was the cause of death in 1 case. In patients with severe RDEB, a history of BSI was associated with higher mortality (OR 6.1, 95% CI: 1.33–27.83, P = 0.0197).

Conclusions:
BSI is an important cause of morbidity in children with severe forms of EB. The most frequent microorganisms are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Skin cultures can help guide treatment decisions in patients with EB and sepsis.
Realizing the Promise of Dolutegravir in Effectively Treating Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Real-world Settings in 6 Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Bacha Jason Michael , Dlamini Sandile , Anabwani Florence , Gwimile Judith , Kanywa Jacqueline Balungi , Farirai John , Bvumbwe Menard , Tsotako Mabene , Steffy Teresa , Nguyen Diane , Mendez-Reyes Jose Euberto , Elyanu Peter , Haq Heather 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Despite encouraging results from clinical trials and in high-income countries, large-scale data on the effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) in children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) are lacking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis was performed among CALHIV 0–19 years old and weighing greater than or equal to 20 kg who received DTG from 2017 to 2020 at sites in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda to determine effectiveness, safety and predictors of viral load suppression (VLS) among CALHIV using DTG, including through single drug substitutions (SDS).

Results:
Among 9419 CALHIV using DTG, 7898 had a documented post-DTG VL, and VLS post-DTG was 93.4% (7378/7898). VLS for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiations was 92.4% (246/263), and VLS was maintained for the ART-experienced [92.9% (7026/7560) pre- vs. 93.5% (7071/7560) post-DTG; P = 0.14). Among previously unsuppressed, 79.8% (426/534) achieved VLS with DTG. Only 5 patients reported a Grade 3 or 4 adverse event (0.057 per 100 patient-years) requiring DTG discontinuation. History of protease inhibitor-based ART [odds ratio (OR) = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–2.03], care in Tanzania (OR = 5.45; 95% CI: 3.41–8.70), and being 15–19 years old (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03–1.65) were associated with gain of VLS post-DTG. Predictors of VLS on DTG included VLS before DTG (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 3.03–4.95) and using the once-daily, single tab tenofovir-lamivudine-DTG regimen (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.43–2.22). SDS maintained VLS [95.9% (2032/2120) pre- vs. 95.0% (2014/2120) post-SDS with DTG; P = 0.19], and 83.0% (73/88) of unsuppressed gained VLS using SDS with DTG.

Conclusions:
We found DTG to be highly effective and safe within our cohort of CALHIV in LMICs. These findings can empower clinicians to prescribe DTG confidently to eligible CALHIV.
Dementia among older people with schizophrenia: an update on recent studies
Authors: Adamowicz David H. , Lee Ellen E. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
This narrative review examines recently published research that examines the prevalence, underlying causes, and treatments for dementia among people with schizophrenia.

Recent findings
People with schizophrenia have high rates of dementia, compared with the general population, and cognitive decline has been observed 14 years prior to onset of psychosis with accelerated decline in middle age. Underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline in schizophrenia include low cognitive reserve, accelerated cognitive aging, cerebrovascular disease and medication exposure. Although pharmacologic, psychosocial and lifestyle interventions show early promise for preventing and mitigating cognitive decline, few studies have been conducted in older people with schizophrenia.

Summary
Recent evidence supports accelerated cognitive decline and brain changes in middle-aged and older people with schizophrenia, relative to the general population. More research in older people with schizophrenia is needed to tailor existing cognitive interventions and develop novel approaches for this vulnerable and high-risk group.
Tau-Neurodegenerationmismatchreveals vulnerability and resilience to comorbidities in Alzheimer’s continuum
Authors: Lyu Xueying , Duong Michael Tran , Xie Long , de Flores Robin , Richardson Hayley , Hwang Gyujoon , Wisse L.E.M. , DiCalogero Michael , McMillan Corey T. , Robinson John L. , Xie Sharon X. , Grossman Murray , Lee Edward B. , Irwin David J. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Davatzikos Christos , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A. , Das Sandhitsu R. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractVariability in the relationship of tau-based neurofibrillary tangles (T) and degree of neurodegeneration (N) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is likely attributable to the non-specific nature of N, which is also modulated by such factors as other co-pathologies, age-related changes, and developmental differences. We studied this variability by partitioning patients within the Alzheimer’s continuum into data-driven groups based on their regional T-N dissociation, which reflects the residuals after the effect of tau pathology is “removed”. We found six groups displaying distinct spatial T-Nmismatchand thickness patterns despite similar tau burden. Their T-N patterns resembled the neurodegeneration patterns of non-AD groups partitioned on the basis of z-scores of cortical thickness alone and were similarly associated with surrogates of non-AD factors. In an additional sample of individuals with antemortem imaging and autopsy, T-N mismatch was associated with TDP-43 co-pathology. Finally, T-Nmismatchtraining was then applied to a separate cohort to determine the ability to classify individual patients within these groups. These findings suggest that T-Nmismatchmay provide a personalized approach for determining non-AD factors associated with resilience/vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease.
The impact of spinal surgery on the locomotive syndrome in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis in CDL stage 3: a retrospective study
Authors: Nakae Ichiro , Hashida Ryuki , Otsubo Ryota , Iwanaga Sohei , Matsuse Hiroo , Yokosuka Kimiaki , Yoshida Tatsuhiro , Fudo Takuma , Morito Shinji , Shimazaki Takahiro , Yamada Kei , Sato Kimiaki , Shiba Naoto , Hiraoka Koji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesLocomotive syndrome (LS) is characterized by reduced mobility. Clinical decision limit (CDL) stage 3 in LS indicates physical frailty. Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) is one cause of LS, for which lumbar surgery is considered to improve the CDL stage. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of lumbarsurgery and independent factors for improving CDL stage in patients with LSS.DesignA retrospective studySettingThe study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University Hospital.ParticipantsA total of 157 patients aged ≥ 65 years with LSS underwent lumbar surgery.InterventionsThe 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function scale (GLFS-25) was used to test for LS, and the timed up and go test (TUG) was used to evaluate functional ability. Lower limb pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale. Patients with at least one improvement in CDL stage following lumbarsurgery were included in the improvement group. Differences in lower-limb pain intensity between the groups were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between Δ lower limb pain and Δ GLFS-25. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with improvement in LS.ResultsThe proportion of patients with improved CDL stage was 45.1% (improvement/non-improvement: 32/39). Δ Lower limb pain was significantly reduced in the improvement group compared to that in the non-improvement group (51.0 [36.3-71.0] vs 40.0 [4.0-53.5]; p =0.0107). Δ GLFS-25 significantly correlated with Δ lower-limb pain (r =0.3774, p =0.0031). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, TUG and age were significantly associated with improvement in LS (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.47).ConclusionsThe lumbar surgery effectively improved the CDL stage in patients with LSS. In addition, TUG was an independent factor associated with improvement in the CDL.Strengths and limitations of the studyThe Japanese Orthopaedic Association defines locomotive syndrome as patients with reduced motor function. We reported the effect of surgical treatment on clinical decision limit 3 (CDL3), which corresponds to physical frailty.We investigated improvement factors for locomotive syndrome CDL stage 3 in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis in a retrospective study.Seventy-one patients who underwent surgical treatment were included in the study.Factors associated with improvement in locomotive syndrome were analyzed using multivariate logistic analysis and decision tree analysis.
Indian COVID-19 Preprints Submissions in bioRxiv and medRxiv Preprint Servers
Authors: Raju Narayanaswamy Vasantha , Adakawa Murtala Ismail , Harinarayana N.S. , Chandrappa  
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThis research aimed at determining the growth of deposition of preprints on servers by Indian researchers during COVID-19 pandemic. In the pre-pandemic period, the dominant server was arXiv upon which research from physics and other related domains have been the most predominant depositors. When the pandemic erupted and the need to share research findings became imperative, many previously dormant preprint servers received vibrant activations from several scientists across the globe. This is with the intention of bridging the gap between delays inherent in reviewing process and the dire need to share information for finding everlasting solutions to the raging pandemic. Many researchers, institutions, countries, etc. have contributed in this regard. The study used quantitative method and iSearch Portfolio expert-curated source for publications and preprints related to either COVID-19 or the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 developed and maintained by National Institute of Health (NIH), US iSearch COVID-19 Portfolio. The study examined the Indian COVID-19 preprints deposited in bioRxiv and medRxiv preprint servers. The findings indicated that, Indian researchers have posted their papers in large numbers in bioRxiv and medRxiv servers with the medRxiv having the highest preprints (417, 40.44%) in 2020 against its counterpart bioRxiv (118, 10.96%) in the same year. Similarly, infectious diseases (except HIV/AIDS) (311) had the highest recurrence of the preprints submitted for deposition in servers. This is followed by epidemiology (263), public and global health (122), bioinformatics (59), among others. There is high collaboration among researchers who deposited their preprints in these servers where about 257 (24.93%) preprints were co-authored by 11+ authors followed by 3-authored and 4-authored with 124 preprints respectively (together accounts for 24.06%) and 2-authroed (114 (11.04%) preprints) respectively in a diminishing manner. The study concluded that, Indian researchers are actively participating in depositing preprints in servers notably bioRxiv and medRxiv.
Prdm16 and Vcam1 regulate the postnatal disappearance of embryonic radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis
Authors: Li Jiwen , Godoy Marlesa I. , Zhang Alice J. , Diamante Graciel , Ahn In Sook , Cebrian-Silla Arantxa , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Yang Xia , Novitch Bennett G. , Zhang Ye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmbryonic neural stem cells (NSCs,i.e., radial glia) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate the majority of neurons and glia in the forebrain. Postnatally, embryonic radial glia disappear and a subpopulation of radial glia transition into adult NSCs. As this transition occurs, widespread neurogenesis in brain regions such as the cerebral cortex ends. The mechanisms that regulate the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that PR domain-containing 16 (Prdm16) promotes the disappearance of radial glia and the ending of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. Genetic deletion ofPrdm16from NSCs leads to the persistence of radial glia in the adult V-SVZ and prolonged postnatal cortical neurogenesis. Mechanistically, Prdm16 induces the postnatal reduction in Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (Vcam1). The postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of cortical neurogenesis occur normally inPrdm16-Vcam1double conditional knockout mice. These observations reveal novel molecular regulators of the postnatal disappearance of radial glia and the ending of embryonic neurogenesis, filling a key knowledge gap in NSC biology.
Quantifying patient- and hospital-level antimicrobial resistance dynamics inStaphylococcus aureusfrom routinely collected data
Authors: Leclerc Quentin , Clements Alastair , Dunn Helen , Hatcher James , Lindsay Jodi A , Grandjean Louis , Knight Gwenan M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) to all antibiotic classes has been found in the pathogenStaphylococcus aureus. The reported prevalence of these resistances vary, driven by within-host AMR evolution at the patient level, and between-host transmission at the hospital level. Without dense longitudinal sampling, pragmatic analysis of AMR dynamics at multiple levels using routine surveillance data is essential to inform control measures.We exploredS. aureusAMR diversity in 70,000 isolates from a UK paediatric hospital between 2000-2020, using electronic datasets containing multiple routinely collected isolates per patient with phenotypic antibiograms, hospitalisation information, and antibiotic consumption.At the hospital-level, the proportion of isolates that were meticillin-resistant (MRSA) increased between 2014-2020 from 25 to 50%, before sharply decreasing to 30%, likely due to a change in inpatient demographics. Temporal trends in the proportion of isolates resistant to different antibiotics were often correlated in MRSA, but independent in meticillin-susceptibleS. aureus. Ciprofloxacin resistance in MRSA decreased from 70% to 40% of tested isolates between 2007-2020, likely linked to a national policy to reduce fluoroquinolone usage in 2007. At the patient level, we identified frequent AMR diversity, with 4% of patients ever positive forS. aureussimultaneously carrying, at some point, multiple isolates with different resistances. We detected changes over time in AMR diversity in 3% of patients ever positive forS. aureus. These changes equally represented gain and loss of resistance.Within this routinely collected dataset, we found that 65% of changes in resistance within a patient’sS. aureuspopulation could not be explained by antibiotic exposure or between-patient transmission of bacteria, suggesting that within-host evolution via frequent gain and loss of AMR genes may be responsible for these changing AMR profiles. Our study highlights the value of exploring existing routine surveillance data to determine underlying mechanisms of AMR. These insights may substantially improve our understanding of the importance of antibiotic exposure variation, and the success of singleS. aureusclones.