bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement bipartitioning and tree tensor networks
Authors: Okunishi Kouichi , Ueda Hiroshi , Nishino Tomotoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose the entanglement bipartitioning approach to design an optimal network structure of the tree tensor network (TTN) for quantum many-body systems. Given an exact ground-state wavefunction, we perform sequential bipartitioning of spin-cluster nodes so as to minimize the mutual information or the maximum loss of the entanglement entropy associated with the branch to be bipartitioned. We demonstrate that entanglement bipartitioning of up to 16 sites gives rise to nontrivial tree network structures for S = 1/2 Heisenberg models in one and two dimensions. The resulting TTNs enable us to obtain better variational energies, compared with standard TTNs such as the uniform matrix product state and perfect binary tree tensor network.
Dose–response relationships of tea and coffee consumption with gout: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Guo Huangda , Wang Siyue , Peng Hexiang , Wang Mengying , Li Liming , Huang Jie , Wu Tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The association of tea or coffee consumption with gout is inconsistently reported. Few prospective studies have explored their dose–response relationship. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively investigate the association between tea, coffee and the risk of developing gout.

Methods
The study included 447 658 participants in the UK Biobank who were initially free of gout. Tea and coffee consumption were assessed at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations between tea/coffee consumption and incident gout, with restricted cubic spline added to the Cox models to evaluate the dose–response relationships.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 13.42 years, we recorded 3,053 gout cases. The associations between tea, coffee and gout were nonlinear, with a significant reduction in the risk by ∼ six cups/day of tea and three cups/day of coffee. Compared with those who were not tea and coffee drinkers, those who consumed &gt;6 cups/day of tea or coffee were associated with 23% (HR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.66, 0.91) and 40% (HR 0.60, 95% CI, 0.47, 0.77) lower risks of gout, respectively, and both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption were associated with a decreased risk. Moreover, hyperuricaemia may modify the association between coffee and gout. Compared with non-coffee consumers with hyperuricaemia, those with ≥4 cups/day coffee intake without hyperuricaemia had the lowest risk (HR 0.34, 95% CI, 0.28, 0.41).

Conclusion
Consumption of tea or coffee had a strong nonlinear association in gout risk reduction. Hyperuricaemia status had a potential effect modification on the association of coffee intake with gout.
Mother–child neural synchronization is time linked to mother–child positive affective state matching
Authors: Morgan Judith K , Santosa Hendrik , Conner Kaetlyn K , Fridley Rachel M , Forbes Erika E , Iyengar Satish , Joseph Heather M , Huppert Theodore J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the first years of life, in which self-regulation occurs via external means, mother–child synchronization of positive affect (PA) facilitates regulation of child homeostatic systems. Mother–child affective synchrony may contribute to mother–child synchronization of neural systems, but limited research has explored this possibility. Participants were 41 healthy mother–child dyads (56% girls; Mage = 24.76 months; s.d. = 8.77 months, Range = 10–42 months). Mothers’ and children’s brain activities were assessed simultaneously using near-infrared spectroscopy while engaging in dyadic play. Mother and child PA during play were coded separately to characterize periods in which mothers and children (i) matched on high PA, (ii) matched on low/no PA or (iii) showed a mismatch in PA. Models evaluated moment-to-moment correlations between affective matching and neural synchrony in mother–child dyads. Greater positive affective synchrony, in which mother and child showed similarly high levels of PA but not similarly low levels of PA, was related to greater synchrony in medial and lateral frontal and temporoparietal regions. Age moderated associations between mother and child neural activities but only during moments of high PA state matching. Positive, synchronous mother–child interactions may foster greater neural responding in affective and social regions important for self-regulation and interpersonal bonds.
Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Hypoperfusion with Immediate Paralysis Caused by Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Kelani Hesham , Corps Kara , Mikula Sarah , Fisher Lesley C. , Shalaan Mahmoud T. , Sturgill Sarah , Ziolo Mark T. , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Basso D. Michele , Awad Hamdy 
Published: January 2023

Background
A clinically relevant mouse model of thoracic endovascular aortic repair–induced ischemic spinal cord injury has been lacking since the procedure was first employed in 1991. The hypothesis was that ligation of mouse intercostal arteries would simulate thoracic endovascular aortic repair–induced ischemic spinal cord injury and behavioral deficit. The aim was to create a mouse model of thoracic endovascular aortic repair–induced spinal cord hypoperfusion by ligating five pairs of mouse intercostal vessels.

Methods
Mice were divided into sham (n = 53) and ligation (n = 60) groups. The procedures called for double ligation of three pairs and single ligation of two pairs of thoracic intercostal arteries in adult C57BL/6 mice. A laser Doppler probe was used in vivo on the spinal cords and intercostal arteries to document the extent of arterial ligation and spinal cord hypoperfusion. The Basso Mouse Scale for Locomotion, histological studies, and electron microscopy demonstrated postligation locomotive and histopathological changes.

Results
Ligation induced a significant and instantaneous drop in blood flow in the intercostal arteries (% change; mean = −63.81; 95% CI, −72.28 to −55.34) and the thoracic spinal cord (% change; mean = −68.55; 95% CI, −80.23 to −56.87). Paralysis onset was immediate and of varying degree, with behavioral deficit stratified into three groups: 9.4% exhibited severe paralysis, 37.5% moderate paralysis, and 53.1% mild paralysis at day 1 (n = 32; P < 0.001). Mild and moderate paralysis was transient, gradually improving over time. Severe paralysis showed no improvement and exhibited a higher mortality rate (83%; n = 15 of 18) compared to moderately (33%; n = 6 of 18) and mildly (24%; n = 6 of 25) paralyzed mice (P < 0.001). The overall ligation group survival rate (84%; n = 46 of 55) was significantly lower than the sham group (100%; n = 48 of 48) with P = 0.003.

Conclusions
The mouse model generates reproducible spinal cord hypoperfusion and accompanying histopathological ischemic spinal cord damage. The resulting anatomical changes and variable behavioral deficits mimic the variability in radiological and clinical findings in human patients.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Surgical Informed Consent
Authors: Melucci Alexa D. , Erlick Mariah R. , Loria Anthony , Russell Marcia M. , Temple Larissa K. , Poles Gabriela C. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Physician-facing decision support tools facilitate shared decision-making (SDM) during informed consent, but it is unclear whether they are comprehensive in the domains they measure. In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) identify the physician-facing tools used during SDM; (2) assess the patient-centered domains measured by these tools; (3) determine whether tools are available for older adults and for use in various settings (elective vs. emergent); and (4) characterize domains future tools should measure.

Methods:
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were queried for articles published between January 2000 and September 2022. Articles meeting inclusion criteria underwent title and abstract review. Eligible studies underwent data abstraction by two reviewers.

Results:
Of 4365 articles identified, 160 were eligible. Tools to aid in surgical SDM focus on elective procedures (79%) and the outpatient setting (71%). Few tools are designed for older adults (5%) or for nonelective procedures (9%). Risk calculators were most common, followed by risk indices, prognostic nomograms, and communication tools. Of the domains measured, prognosis was more commonly measured (85%), followed by alternatives (28%), patient goals (36%), and expectations (46%). Most tools represented only one domain (prognosis, 33.1%) and only 6.7% represented all four domains.

Conclusions and Implications:
Tools to aid in the surgical SDM process measure short-term prognosis more often than patient-centered domains such as long-term prognosis, patient goals, and expectations. Further research should focus on communication tools, the needs of older patients, and use in diverse settings.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Anterior and Posterior Surgical Approaches for Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Brush Parker L. , Lee Yunsoo , Issa Tariq Z. , Lawall Charles L. , Syal Amit , Wang Jasmine , Mangan John J. , Kaye Ian David , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: January 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort.

Objective.
To compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes between approach techniques for the treatment of multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary of Background Data.
Both anterior and posterior approaches for the surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy are successful techniques in the treatment of myelopathy. However, the optimal treatment has yet to be determined, especially for multilevel disease, as the different approaches have separate complication profiles and potentially different impacts on HRQoL metrics.

Materials and Methods.
Retrospective review of a prospectively managed single institution database of patient-reported outcome measures after 3 and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) for DCM. The electronic medical record was reviewed for patient baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes whereas preoperative radiographs were analyzed for baseline cervical lordosis and sagittal balance. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to compare the two groups.

Results.
We identified 153 patients treated by ACDF and 43 patients treated by PCDF. Patients in the ACDF cohort were younger (60.1 ± 9.8 vs. 65.8 ± 6.9 yr; P < 0.001), had a lower overall comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index: 2.25 ± 1.61 vs. 3.07 ± 1.64; P = 0.002), and were more likely to have a 3-level fusion (79.7% vs. 30.2%; P < 0.001), myeloradiculopathy (42.5% vs. 23.3%; P = 0.034), and cervical kyphosis (25.7% vs. 7.69%; P = 0.027). Patients undergoing an ACDF had significantly more improvement in their neck disability index after surgery (−14.28 vs. −3.02; P = 0.001), and this relationship was maintained on multivariate analysis with PCDF being independently associated with a worse neck disability index (+8.83; P = 0.025). Patients undergoing an ACDF also experienced more improvement in visual analog score neck pain after surgery (−2.94 vs. −1.47; P = 0.025) by bivariate analysis.

Conclusions.
Our data suggest that patients undergoing an ACDF or PCDF for multilevel DCM have similar outcomes after surgery.
Incidence of surgical site infection following lateral lumbar interbody fusion compared with posterior/transforminal lumbar interbody fusion: A propensity score-weighted study
Authors: Masuda Soichiro , Fukasawa Toshiki , Takeuchi Masato , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Otsuki Bungo , Murata Koichi , Shimizu Takayoshi , Matsuda Shuichi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (P/TLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
Previous studies have shown that LLIF can improve neurological symptoms to a comparable degree to P/TLIF. However, data on the risk of SSI after LLIF is lacking compared with P/TLIF.

Methods.
The study was conducted under a retrospective cohort design in patients undergoing LLIF or P/TLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases between 2013-2020 using a hospital administrative database. We used propensity score overlap weighting to adjust for confounding factors including age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, number of fusion levels, hospital size, and surgery year. We estimated weighted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SSI within 30 days postoperatively.

Results.
27,119 patients (2,874 in the LLIF group and 24,245 in the P/TLIF group) were included in this study. Compared with P/TLIF, LLIF was associated with a significantly lower risk of SSI (0.7% vs. 1.2%; weighted OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.92; P=0.02).

Conclusions.
In this large retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing lumbar interbody fusion, LLIF was associated with a significantly lower risk of SSI than P/TLIF. The small, but significantly, decreased risk of SSI associated with LLIF may inform decisions regarding the technical approach for lumbar interbody fusion.
We compared the risk of SSI between 2,874 patients who underwent LLIF and 24,245 patients who received P/TLIF
Patients who had received LLIF were significantly less risk of experiencing an SSI compared with those receiving P/TLIF (0.7% vs. 1.2%; weighted OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.92; P=0.02).
As a secondary outcome, patients who had received LLIF had less risk of transfusion (7.8% vs. 11.8%; weighted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54–0.73; P<0.001).
Assessment of Clinical Reasoning While Attending Critical Care Postsimulation Reflective Learning Conversation
Authors: Almomani Emad , Sullivan Jacqueline , Samuel Jisha , Maabreh Ahmed , Pattison Natalie , Alinier Guillaume 
Published: January 2023

Background
The critical care environment is characterized with a high level of workload, complexity, and risk of committing practice mistakes. To avoid clinical errors, health care professionals should be competent with effective clinical reasoning skills. To develop effective clinical reasoning skills, health care professionals should get the chance to practice and be exposed to different patient experiences. To minimize safety risks to patients and health care professionals, clinical reasoning with a focus on reflective learning conversation opportunities can be practiced in simulated settings.

Objectives
To explore the most valid and reliable tools to assess clinical reasoning while attending adult critical care–related simulation-based courses in which reflective learning conversations are used.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Extension for Scoping Reviews. Eight electronic databases were searched, and full-text review was completed for 26 articles.

Results
The search resulted in no studies conducted to measure clinical reasoning while attending adult critical care–related, simulation-based courses in which the reflective learning conversation method was embedded.

Discussion
This highlights the need to evaluate current available clinical reasoning tools or develop new tools within the context of adult critical care simulation where reflective learning forms a key part of the simulation procedures.
Sound and Light Levels in a General Intensive Care Unit Without Windows to Provide Natural Light
Authors: Lucchini Alberto , Giani Marco , Ferrari Katia , Di Maria Stefania , Galimberti Giulia , Zorz Alessandra , Iozzo Pasquale , Elli Stefano , Fumagalli Roberto , Bambi Stefano 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAppropriate levels and patterns of sound and light in an intensive care room help to maintain the patient's normal physiological functions. High sound levels can disrupt the patient's normal sleep architecture, cause hearing deficits, and induce the onset of delirium. Intensive care unit patients frequently report poor sleep, partly due to the environment.ObjectivesAn observational pilot prospective study was designed to record sound pressure and light pollution levels in an Italian intensive care unit, without windows to provide natural light.MethodSound levels were measured in decibel A (dBA) every 10 seconds. Sound data were analyzed for sound peak, defined as the number of times sound levels exceeded 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 dBA. Light measures were taken every 10 seconds on a continuous basis. Light data were analyzed for light “peaks,” defined as the number of times light levels exceeded 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 lux.ResultsThe overall median sound level during the study period was equal to 54.60 (interquartile range [IQR], 51.70-57.70) dBA. The daytime median sound level was 56.00 (IQR, 53.00-59.50) dBA, and the nighttime median was 53.00 (IQR, 49.50-55.20) dBA (P< .001). The overall median light level was equal to 114 (IQR, 0-225) lux. The daytime median light level was 184 (IQR, 114-293) lux, and the nighttime median was 0 (IQR, 0-50) lux (P< .001). With respect to room lighting, rooms were observed to have “no lights on” 12.6% of daytime and 41% of nighttime.DiscussionThe sound levels recorded in our sample demonstrated that peaks >45 dBA during daytime and nighttime are, respectively, equal to 99.9% and 98.6% of all readings. The Environmental Protection Agency/World Health Organization recommended thresholds for both day (45 dBA) and night (35 dBA). Sound levels reached “toxic levels” when sound-generating activities were performed by nurses and physicians.
Spiritual Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Willemse Suzan , Smeets Wim , van Leeuwen Evert , Heldens Jeannette , ten Napel-Roos Nelleke , Foudraine Norbert 
Published: January 2023

Background/ObjectiveTo gain insight into both patients' and relatives' experiences with spiritual care (SC) in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsMethod used was qualitative interviewing. This was a thematic, topic-centered, biographical, and narrative approach, using semistructured interviews with thematic analysis. A purposive sampling method was used to select a sample of ICU patients and ICU patients' relatives. An interview guide facilitated individual, semistructured interviews. The interview data were recorded by means of note-taking and audio-recording. Verbatim transcripts were compiled for analysis and interpretation.ResultsAll 12 participants—7 ICU patients and 5 family members of 5 other ICU patients—experienced ICU admission as an existential crisis. Participants would appreciate the signaling of their spiritual needs by ICU health care professionals (HCPs) at an early stage of ICU admission and subsequent SC provision by a spiritual caregiver. They regarded the spiritual caregiver as the preferred professional to address spiritual needs, navigate during their search for meaning and understanding, and provide SC training in signaling spiritual needs to ICU HCPs.DiscussionEarly detection of existential crisis signals with ICU patients and relatives contributes to the mapping of spiritual and religious needs. Spiritual care training of ICU HCPs in signaling spiritual needs by ICU patients and relatives is recommended. Effective SC contributes to creating room for processing emotions, spiritual well-being, and satisfaction with integrated SC as part of daily ICU care.
Standardization of the Definition and Surgical Management of the Splenic Flexure Carcinoma by an International Expert Consensus Using the Delphi Technique: Room for Improvement?
Authors: Benlice Cigdem , Parvaiz Amjad , Baca Bilgi , Hohenberger Werner , Miskovic Danilo , Stocchi Luca , Steele Scott , Kim Seon-Hahn , Holm Torbjörn , Spinelli Antonino , Gogenur Ismail , Panis Yves , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Karachun Alexey , Uriburu Juan C Patron , Ito Masaki , Croner Roland , Kessler Hermann , Kuzu Mehmet Ayhan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Surgical management of splenic flexure cancer remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
To establish an expert international consensus on splenic flexure cancer management.

DESIGN:
A 3-round online-based Delphi study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2021.

SETTING:
The first round included 18 experts from 12 different countries. For the second and third rounds, each expert in the first round was asked to invite 2 more colorectal surgeons from their region (n = 47). Out of 47 invited experts, 89% (n = 42) participated in the second and third rounds of the consensus.

INTERVENTIONS:
A total of 35 questions were created and sent via online questionnaire tool.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Levels of recommendation based on voting concordance were graded as follows: more than 75% agreement was defined as strong, between 50-75% as moderate, and below 50% as weak.

RESULTS:
There was moderate consensus on the definition of splenic flexure (55%) as 10 cm from either side where the distal transverse colon turns into the proximal descending colon. Also, experts recommended abdominopelvic computerized tomography scan plus intraoperative exploration (moderate consensus, 72%) for tumor localization and cancer registry splenic flexure recording. Segmental colectomy was the preferred technique for management of splenic flexure cancer in the elective setting (72%). Moderate consensus was achieved on the technique of complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation principles for splenic flexure cancer (74%). Only strong consensus was achieved on the surgical approach for minimally invasive surgery (88%).

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first internationally conducted Delphi consensus study regarding splenic flexure cancer. While we found moderate consensus on preoperative diagnostic modalities and surgical management, the definition of splenic flexure remains ambiguous. To more effectively compare oncologic outcomes among different cancer registries, guidelines need to be developed to standardize each domain and avoid arbitrary definitions. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C143.