bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study to establish the myocardium native T1 mapping reference values in 1.5 Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance of healthy Malaysians
Authors: Abdullah Hazrini , Abdul Kadir Azrina , Sha’rani Muhammad Aizwan , Tan Song Hwee , Othman Norliza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a powerful and robust imaging modality with the capability for tissue characterisation by quantifying the intrinsic magnetic properties of tissues. The current international consensus recommendation is to determine the local normal T1 mapping value. Recent advancement suggests pooled data or benchmarking of CMR mapping reference values. We present the adult myocardial native T1 mapping value of a common MR acquisition in healthy Malaysians who are predominantly brown skin Asians.

Methods
This is a prospective, cross-sectional study in a single centre. CMR was performed on a 1.5 T MR using 5(3s)3 MOLLI sequence with motion correction, TE = 1.31 ms, TR = 2.78 ms. The analysis of the mid-septal T1 value was done using third-party software (CVi42) and the OsiriX software by two blinded cardiac radiologists.

Results
A total of 51 eligible adults were recruited of which 1 was excluded due to incidental finding of moderate mitral regurgitation. The mean age was 30 years ± 7.0, the majority (64%) was female, the median heart rate was 72 ± 20 bpm and mean the BSA was 1.6 ± 0.1 m2. The ethnicity distribution is Malay 76%, Indian 12%, Chinese 8% and Sabahan 4%. The normal range for mid-septum myocardial T1 using CVi42 was 1012 ± 33 ms and using OsiriX was 1018 ± 37 ms. There is no correlation observed against gender, ethnicity and heart rate. The moderate correlation observed with age is not gender specified. The interobserver reliability was good (coefficient 0.813).

Conclusions
For T1 mapping to be applied clinically, it is imperative to determine the local normal value as recommended by international consensus. The first-ever database on native T1 mapping for 1.5 T CMR reference value for Malaysians who are predominantly brown skin Asians is provided in this pilot study.
Treating Cancer in People With HIV
Authors: Lurain Kathryn 
Published: June 2023

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice.People with HIV (PWH) have an increased lifetime risk of developing certain cancers, even when HIV is well-controlled with antiretroviral therapy. Despite the tremendous advancements in HIV and cancer care over the past several decades, PWH have lower cancer-related survival compared with the general population. Treating HIV-associated cancers requires a multidisciplinary team to manage concurrent opportunistic infections, potential drug-drug interactions, and the co-occurrence of more than one cancer in the same patient. Many factors may lead PWH to receive inappropriate dose adjustments, exclusion from emerging therapies and clinical trials, or no cancer therapy at all. In general, PWH should receive the same standard, full-dose cancer therapy used in the general population unless there are data for specific cancer regimens in PWH. Agents targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 have US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved indications in many HIV-associated cancers, including Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non–small-cell lung cancer; however, PWH were excluded from all clinical trials that led to FDA approval of these agents. Several prospective studies and an international retrospective study of PWH with advanced cancer have shown anti–PD-(L)-1 agents to be safe and effective across expected cancer types and CD4+T-cell counts, supporting their use in PWH for FDA-approved indications. Learning from the experience in anti–PD-(L)-1 agents, future cancer clinical trials should include and seek to actively enroll PWH, so that they have equal and timely access to emerging cancer therapies.
Seismic imaging of medical ultrasound data: Towards in vivo applications
Authors: Theis Daniela , Bonomi Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study presents the application to medical ultrasonography of a high value-added imaging method developed in the context of geophysical exploration and based on the undulatory description of the physical process. Currently, the most serious limitation of conventional medical ultrasound systems is the implicit assumption of constant-velocity media stemming from the widespread use of geometrical ray-based imaging algorithms and leading to phase aberration phenomena in the case typical of the human body of two or more tissues with different velocities. As a result, imaging of targets underlying tissue layers can be severely degraded. To address this problem, the proposed algorithm is designed expressly for variable-velocity media, providing high-resolution images by implementing the solution of the one-way wave equation. From a macro-velocity model, the illuminated structures are imaged by correlating, in the frequency domain and for each source element, the simulated emitted wavefield with the back-propagated echoes sensed by the ultrasound transducer. The pointwise sum of the correlations reveals, constructively, all diffraction points and reflectors in the image space. The experiments conducted on in vitro laboratory data reveal remarkable spatial resolution and very accurate target positioning, even in the presence of an aberrant layer. A preliminary in vivo test also demonstrates the method's effectiveness in imaging echoes recorded on human tissues, giving a glimpse of its potentiality for clinical purposes.
Active particles with delayed attractions form quaking crystallites
(a)
Authors: Chen Pin-Chuan , Kroy Klaus , Cichos Frank , Wang Xiangzun , Holubec Viktor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Perception-reaction delays have experimentally been found to cause a spontaneous circling of microswimmers around a fixed target particle. Here we investigate a many-body version of such an experiment with Brownian-dynamics simulations of active particles in a plane. For short delays, they form a hexagonal crystallite around the target. The bifurcation to a chiral dynamical phase, seen for longer delays, maps onto that for a single active particle. Different angular velocities at different distances from the target induce shear stresses that grow with increasing delay. By exciting shear bands, they shake and intermittently break the rotating crystallite. For long delays, it detaches from the target to circle around it near the preferred single-particle orbit as a compact spinning satellite, trembling from what could be called tidal quakes.
Introduction
Authors: Howie Cary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This introductory essay gestures toward some of the ironies of solitude—and the places where those ironies become paradoxes, even promises—beginning with the grounding questions of this collection: What does it mean to speak of solitude together? How does one solitude speak to, or with, or for, another? Can our aloneness—note the irony of the first-person plural—ever be said to be shared? Can it be said at all? Medieval theologians, especially Gregory the Great, Bernard of Clairvaux, and Meister Eckhart, serve as guides in the wilderness here, alongside various voices from the history of North American popular music. Solitude, they show, is a richly mixed terrain, where we may get lost in our self-atomizing pride or, just as easily, open ourselves to the world’s (and the divine’s) endlessly unpredictable self-disclosure. To cultivate solitude is something like a game we play with the present and the past, with ourselves and one another. Being alone is complicated.
Desert Polyphony
Authors: Mackendrick Karmen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Some environments are more conducive to solitude than others. They offer more space between people, even more distance from other living things. But they might, in their quiet, also offer room for an unusual kind of conversation, in unusual kinds of voices. In Western monotheistic traditions, the desert is a traditional site of solitude but also of encounter between human and divine. In the stories of such encounters for a series of biblical prophets—Moses, Elijah, Ezekiel, and John the Baptist—isolation and encounter entangle. This article focuses on that encounter as a matter of voice. Drawing in particular on the theoretical work of Maurice Blanchot and Jean-Luc Nancy, it argues that prophetic voice is polyphonic in its isolation, as some trace of divinity always echoes through it. In most circumstances, such echoes are inaudible over the noise of many speaking voices. The desert setting both offers enough quiet for prophetic voices to be heard, and itself enters into the conversation as a voice—for example, of thunder or wind—that can sound in the silence in ways it could not in the city.
Cryopreservation of human embryos in an in-vitro fertilisation procedure: the need for a legal framework in NIGERIA
Authors: Ayeni Joy Victoria , Omidoyin Taiye Joshua , Bamidele Ifeoluwayimika 
Published: May 2023

Background: The opportunity to completely ‘stop biological time’ using cryopreservation, as it is used in embryo cryopreservation, provides for the selection and long-term storage of high-quality preimplantation embryos for future usage. While this is a beneficial medical procedure, it has however posed some legal issues such as the legal status of an embryo, ownership of the embryo, reproductive autonomy, posthumous reproduction, surrogacy, and the required storage period for embryos. The ethical debate has been around what to do with surplus frozen human embryos, such as donation, adoption, and destruction of embryos. The aim of this research is to assess the need for a legal framework regarding cryopreservation of human embryos. Methods: The objectives are to examine and analyze the legal and ethical implications of the cryopreservation process of human embryos in an in-vitro fertilization procedure to identify the shortcomings of the 2016 Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill. This is legal research and adopts the doctrinal method of research, using both the primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources include legislation, international instruments and case laws; the secondary sources include textbooks and journal articles. The doctrinal approach was employed to describe and analyse the legal and ethical issues relating to cryopreservation in Nigeria, focused on the analysis of legal principles available in Nigeria in relation to cryopreservation of human embryos. Results: This study finds that there are no laws on assisted reproductive technology regulating the cryopreservation of human embryos in an in-vitro fertilisation procedure in Nigeria. The study concludes that the lack of a legal framework on assisted reproductive technology in Nigeria is the major issue that has left the legal and ethical issues without direction. Conclusions: This work recommends the need for a legal framework for ART in Nigeria and a review of the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill 2016.
Benefits of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) supplementation in obesity
Authors: Nowak Alicja , Bogusz Klaudia , Baran Natalia , Maksymowicz Marcela , Bielak Adriana , Nowak Aleksandra , Cywka Łucja , Szwed Weronika , Machowiec Piotr 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose: Ashwagandha (fam. Solanaceae) also known as Withania somnifera, is an herb commonly used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. It is sometimes called Indian ginseng or winter cherry and it is used for its extensive health benefits for millennia as a Rasayana. Ashwagadha supplementation is playing an increasing role not only as an adaptogen, but is beneficial in the context of health in individuals struggling with obesity. This is a growing field of research and the aim of this brief review is to provide an update on the positive effects of Ashwagandha supplementation on the health of those dealing with obesity.
Description of the state of knowledge: Ashwagandha has a wide range of positive effects, most common are sedative, anti-stress, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects. The literature also draws attention to other results such as binding insulin sensitivity, increasing endurance, effects on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Ashwagandha lowers blood cortisol levels, inhibits fat accumulation and the expression of genes involved into excessive fat tissue accumulation.
Summary: Regular intake of Ashwagandha is associated with health benefits in people struggling with obesity. As an adaptogen with adipogenic potential, Ashwagandha has great potential to participate in future adjunctive obesity therapy and the prevention of other similar and obesity-related diseases, but further research is needed in this area.
Attention Constraints and Learning in Categories
Authors: Bhui Rahul , Jiao Peiran 
Published: May 2023

Many decision makers are thought to economize on attention by processing information at the simpler level of a category. We directly test whether such category focus reflects an adaptive response to attention constraints, in five preregistered experiments using an information sampling paradigm with mouse tracking. Consistent with rational principles, participants focus more on category-level information when individual differences are small, when the category contains more members, and when time constraints are more severe. Participants are sensitive to the statistical structure of the category even when it must be learned from experience, and they respond to a latent shift in this structure. Beliefs about category members tend to cluster together more when category focus is high—a key element of rational inattention. However, this is counteracted by greater weight placed on salient and idiosyncratic information when the category is large. Our results broadly substantiate influential theories of categorical thinking, giving us a clearer view on the drivers and consequences of inattention. This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-21-1-2170), the Pershing Square Fund for Research on the Foundations of Human Behavior, and an NWO Vidi grant (VI.Vidi.201.059). Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4803 .
Optimal Robust Policy for Feature-Based Newsvendor
Authors: Zhang Luhao , Yang Jincheng , Gao Rui 
Published: June 2023

We study policy optimization for the feature-based newsvendor, which seeks an end-to-end policy that renders an explicit mapping from features to ordering decisions. Most existing works restrict the policies to some parametric class that may suffer from suboptimality (such as affine class) or lack of interpretability (such as neural networks). Differently, we aim to optimize over all functions of features. In this case, the classic empirical risk minimization yields a policy that is not well-defined on unseen feature values. To avoid such degeneracy, we consider a Wasserstein distributionally robust framework. This leads to an adjustable robust optimization, whose optimal solutions are notoriously difficult to obtain except for a few notable cases. Perhaps surprisingly, we identify a new class of policies that are proven to be exactly optimal and can be computed efficiently. The optimal robust policy is obtained by extending an optimal robust in-sample policy to unobserved feature values in a particular way and can be interpreted as a Lipschitz regularized critical fractile of the empirical conditional demand distribution. We compare our method with several benchmarks using synthetic and real data and demonstrate its superior empirical performance. This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, data science. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4810 .
Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength actively Q-switched random fiber laser based on an electro-optic modulator and Sagnac loop filter
Authors: Liu Zhanzhi , Pan Honggang , Zhang Ailing , Peng Yaomei , Li Shuo , Zhang Bo , Chen Zhipan 
Published: June 2023

In this article, an actively Q-switched multi-wavelength random fiber
laser based on a Sagnac loop filter and electro-optic modulator is
proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The random distributed
feedback media is a section of a 25 km long single-mode fiber.
When the pump power is 350 mW, the polarization angle of the
Sagnac loop filter can be adjusted by polarization controller to
achieve the switching of a single, double, triple, and quadruple
channels laser output. In the case of a single laser channel, dual
laser channels, and three laser channels output, multiple laser
channels can be tuned simultaneously with a fixed wavelength interval.
In addition, by changing the waveform of the external signal source,
the light and dark pulses can be switched. Owing to the half-open
cavity structure and the high gain of the erbium-doped fiber, the
laser threshold was reduced to 25 mW, and the light conversion
efficiency was 0.67%. The laser is an ideal light source for medical
imaging and long-distance sensing.
An economic evaluation of Wolbachia deployments for dengue control in Vietnam
Authors: Turner Hugo C. , Quyen Duong Le , Dias Reynold , Huong Phan Thi , Simmons Cameron P. , Anders Katherine L. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Dengue is a major public health challenge and a growing problem due to climate change. The release of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is a novel form of vector control against dengue. However, there remains a need to evaluate the benefits of such an intervention at a large scale. In this paper, we evaluate the potential economic impact and cost-effectiveness of scaled Wolbachia deployments as a form of dengue control in Vietnam–targeted at the highest burden urban areas.

Methods
Ten settings within Vietnam were identified as priority locations for potential future Wolbachia deployments (using a population replacement strategy). The effectiveness of Wolbachia deployments in reducing the incidence of symptomatic dengue cases was assumed to be 75%. We assumed that the intervention would maintain this effectiveness for at least 20 years (but tested this assumption in the sensitivity analysis). A cost-utility analysis and cost-benefit analysis were conducted.

Results
From the health sector perspective, the Wolbachia intervention was projected to cost US$420 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. From the societal perspective, the overall cost-effectiveness ratio was negative, i.e. the economic benefits outweighed the costs. These results are contingent on the long-term effectiveness of Wolbachia releases being sustained for 20 years. However, the intervention was still classed as cost-effective across the majority of the settings when assuming only 10 years of benefits

Conclusion
Overall, we found that targeting high burden cities with Wolbachia deployments would be a cost-effective intervention in Vietnam and generate notable broader benefits besides health gains.
Association of gamma-glutamyl transferase variability with risk of osteoporotic fractures: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Dongyeop , Kim Jee Hyun , Lee Heajung , Hong Iksun , Chang Yoonkyung , Song Tae-Jin 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesGamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is related to inflammation, osteoporosis, and vascular diseases. Recently, changes in metabolic parameters have been proposed as osteoporosis biomarkers. We aimed to assess longitudinally the association of GGT variability with osteoporotic fractures.MethodsFrom the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database, participants who underwent three or more health examinations between 2003 and 2008 were included (n = 1,072,432). Variability indexes were as follows: (1) coefficient of variation (CV), (2) standard deviation (SD), and (3) variability independent of the mean (VIM). The primary outcome was occurrence of osteoporotic fracture, defined as identification of one of the following international classification of diseases-10 codes: vertebral fractures (S22.0, S22.1, S32.0, S32.7, T08, M48.4, M48.5, M49.5), hip fractures (S72.0, S72.1), distal radius fractures (S52.5, S52.6), or humerus fractures (S42.2, S42.3).ResultsDuring a median of 12.3 years (interquartile range 12.1–12.6), osteoporotic fractures occurred in 49,677 (4.6%) participants. In multivariable analysis, GGT variability based on CV positively correlated with the occurrence of osteoporotic fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.18,P< 0.001). These results were consistent even when GGT variability was defined by SD (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.19–1.25,P< 0.001) and VIM (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.09–1.15,P< 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased GGT variability is associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the Korean population. Maintaining constant and stable GGT level may help reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures.
Pregnant women’s intentions to use maternity waiting homes and its associated factors in rural districts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hasen Habtamu , Arage Getachew , Mulusew Manayeh , Delil Romedan , Endale Ashebir , Mosa Hassen , Ahmed Ritbano 
Published: June 2023

Background
As part of a strategy to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality, Ethiopia’s government has made a significant effort to expand the number of Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs). However, worldwide there is a substantial regional variation in pregnant women’s intention to use MWHs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess pregnant women’s intention to use maternity waiting home and its associated factors in the rural district of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 385 pregnant women from March 1–28, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. SPSS software (version 24.0) was used to enter and analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine an association between each independent and dependent variables. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence intervals was computed to ascertain the existence and strength of an association, and statistical significance was affirmed at a p-value of < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of pregnant women’s intension to use MWHs was observed to be 55.6%. A poor wealth status (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI:1.05–6.05), having a previous history of institutional delivery (AOR = 4.78; 95% CI:1.16–9.64), attending four or more antenatal care visits (AOR = 3.34; 95%CI:1.35–8.29), having obstetric complications during previous pregnancy (AOR = 3.76; 95% CI:1.45–9.77), and having favourable attitude towards MWHs (AOR = 13.51; 95% CI: 5.85–9.54) had a significant association with an intention to use MWHs.

Conclusions
According to the findings of this study, more than half of pregnant women have been intended to use MWHs. Therefore, boosting the uptake of the antenatal care visit, raising awareness about the risk and consequences of obstetric complications, and strengthening behavioral modification strategies is very crucial to increase pregnant women’s intention to use MWHs.