bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing complications and implementing solutions in a pediatric inguinal hernia cooperation program in Equatorial Guinea: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rodríguez de Alarcón García Jaime , Úbeda Pascual Amalia , Fanjul Gómez María , Morató Robert Pablo , Espinosa Góngora Rocío , Martínez García Ernesto , Román Guerrero Carlos , Abaga Abaga Santiago Jaime , Soto Beauregard Carmen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of short-term medical missions. This study was aimed to evaluate complication rates and determine the effects of protocol changes in a pediatric inguinal hernia campaign in Equatorial Guinea and analyze post-operative follow-up capacity.

Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated two patient cohorts (group A, 2017–2018; group B, 2019) treated during campaigns in Equatorial Guinea for congenital inguinal pathology (hernia, hydrocele, and cryptorchidism). Patients aged < 18 years treated in referral campaigns were included. Complications occurring up to 6 months post-operatively were evaluated. Two stages were defined: Stage 1, wherein, complication rate in group A was compared to that in a control group from a tertiary hospital in Spain (with a case–control ratio of 1:2, paired according to age, sex and diagnosis); stage 2, wherein, complication rates between groups A and B were compared. Group B received a single dose of prophylactic amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Follow-up capacity was assessed through follow-up appointments.

Results
In stage 1, complication and surgical site infection (SSI) rates were 21.3% and 7.4% in group A (n = 94), and 5.8% (p < 0.001) and 0.5% (p = 0.012) in the control group, respectively. Group A had 20.2% loss-to-follow-up. In group B (n = 62), 6-month postoperative follow-up could not be assessed owing to restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so only early complications were considered in stage 2, were complication and surgical site infection rates were 18.1% and 7.4% in group A and 11.3% (p = 0.350) and 1.6% (p = 0.150) in group B.

Conclusion
Our results showed higher than expected complication rates. Pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic could not show to reduce SSI. Further studies are needed to reduce complication rates in these campaigns. Patient loss-to-follow-up ratio warrants considering new strategies.
Seismic deghosting using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Almuteri Khalid , Sava Paul 
Published: January 2023

Ghost reflections deteriorate the quality of seismic data in towed-streamer acquisition, and various acquisition and processing solutions have been proposed to remove them from seismic data. A common issue with the proposed solutions is their limited ability to remove source-side ghosts because of the sparse source sampling. Satisfactory receiver-side deghosting solutions are facilitated by complementary measurements (e.g., particle motion data) for wavefield separation and also can be achieved using pressure data acquired at a single recording level only. We develop a solution based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to remove source- and receiver-side ghosts in the shot domain. The solution does not require complementary measurements, i.e., it can remove ghost reflections in conventional pressure data measured at a single recording level. Our method requires knowledge of the acquisition geometry to create training data that replicate the field acquisition geometry and require the ocean floor bathymetry to be known. A CNN learns to map ghost-contaminated gathers to corresponding ghost-free gathers through an iterative training process. We find that the CNN-based deghosting operator can remove ghost reflections from previously unseen data and demonstrate that the solution generalizes well when training is done on models unrelated to the actual field geology.
An innovative and collaborative teaching approach to delivering mental health capabilities in the UK Foundation Programme Curriculum 2021
Authors: Lewis Fergus , Hall Ian , Polledri Luca 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAbout 45% of foundation doctors in the UK now have a placement in psychiatry. However, the current UK Foundation Programme Curriculum states that all foundation doctors need to demonstrate basic mental health-related capabilities. To address this we developed a novel teaching approach to cover these new capabilities using principles of team-based learning (TBL). This can be delivered to all foundation doctors both face to face and online using case scenarios and in no more than 4 hours over the 2-year foundation programme. The approach can be easily be replicated, but collaboration between mental health and acute trusts is essential for delivery.
Clinician Communication With Patients About Cancer Misinformation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bylund Carma L. , Mullis Michaela D. , Alpert Jordan , Markham Merry Jennifer , Onega Tracy , Fisher Carla L. , Johnson Skyler B. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:Clinicians regularly face conversations about information that patients have found online. Given the prevalence of misinformation, these conversations can include cancer-related misinformation, which is often harmful. Clinicians are in a key position as trusted sources of information to educate patients. However, there is no research on clinician-patient conversations about cancer-related misinformation. As a first step, the objective of this study was to describe how cancer clinicians report communicating with patients about online cancer misinformation.METHODS:We used convenience and snowball sampling to contact 59 cancer clinicians by e-mail. Contacted clinicians predominately worked at academic centers across the United States. Clinicians who agreed participated in semistructured interviews about communication in health care. For this study, we focused specifically on clinicians' experiences discussing online cancer-related misinformation with patients. We conducted a thematic analysis using a constant comparative approach to identify how clinicians address misinformation during clinical visits.RESULTS:Twenty-one cancer clinicians participated in the study. Nineteen were physicians, one was a physician assistant, and one was a nurse practitioner. The majority (62%) were female. We identified four themes that describe how cancer clinicians address misinformation: (1) work to understand the misinformation; (2) correct misinformation through education; (3) advise about future online searches, and (4) preserve the clinician-patient relationship.CONCLUSION:Our study identified four strategies that clinicians use to address online cancer-related misinformation with their patients. These findings provide a foundation for future research, allowing us to test these strategies in larger samples to examine their effectiveness.
Feasibility of an Individualized Dispensing Program for Patients Prescribed Oral Anticancer Drugs to Prevent Waste
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , van Vlijmen Bas , Colen Hadewig B.B. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Desar Ingrid M.E. , van den Bemt Bart J.F. , Bekker Charlotte L. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: Waste of oral anticancer drugs (OACDs) causes financial and environmental burdens. This study evaluates the feasibility of an individualized dispensing program to prevent waste of OACDs. METHODS: Adult patients were dispensed individualized quantities of niraparib, abiraterone, enzalutamide, ruxolitinib, osimertinib, or imatinib as standard care, during the first 6 months of treatment. The first 50 patients participated in an feasibility evaluation conform five domains of Bowen's Framework. (1) implementation: reach (eligible patients included) and protocol fidelity (executions following protocol) assessed from pharmacy data, (2) acceptability: rated from 1 to 10 and agreement with theoretical framework acceptability domains via a survey among patients and pharmacy technicians, (3) practicality: program's costs, (4) effect: compared with previous practice (full package supply per month), defined as difference in unused OACD unit doses and net cost-savings, and (5) demand: potential scale-up of the program by including more OACDs. RESULTS: Participants' median age was 67 (interquartile range [IQR], 58-71) years, and 76% was male. (1) Implementation: reach and protocol fidelity were 89% and 90%, respectively. (2) Acceptability was high among patients (median, 9; IQR, 8-9) and pharmacy technicians (median, 7; IQR, 6-8). All acceptability domains were agreed on. (3) Practicality: program costs were €4,289. (4) Effect: unused OACD unit doses were reduced by 34%, causing net cost-savings of €693 per discontinued patient. (5) Demand: the program could be scaled up to seven times by including all OACDs. CONCLUSION: Individualized dispensing for patients prescribed OACDs is feasible for preventing waste in terms of implementation, acceptability, practicality, effect, and demand.
Looking Beyond Th17 Cells: A Role for Th17.1 Cells in Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy?
Authors: Jiang Minmin , Fu Yu , Wang Ping , Yan Yan , Zhao Jingxiao , Wang Ying , Yan Shuxun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an ordinary extrathyroid syndrome of Graves' disease (GD), is closely associated with immunity. T helper (Th) 17, Th1, and Th2 cells in Th lineages are thought to be related to the disease pathogenesis. Recently, there has been growing evidence that Th17.1 cells are involved in the development and progression of TAO. The characteristics of this pathology are similar to those of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, which secrete interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A. This paper reviews the potential role of the Th17.1 subgroup pathogenesis of TAO. The therapeutic effects of drugs that can modulate Th17.1 cell populations are also highlighted. Rich Th17.1 cells exist in peripheral blood and ocular tissues of patients suffering from thyroid eye disease (TED), especially those with severe or steroid-resistant TAO. The bias of Th17.1 cells to secrete cytokines partly determines the pathological outcome of TAO patients. Th17.1 cells are important in regulating fibrosis, adipocyte differentiation, and hyaluronic acid production. In summary, the Th17.1 subpopulation is essential in the onset and progression of TED, and targeting Th17.1 cell therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach.
Visual diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women from hand-held colposcopy: agreement of expert image review
Authors: Sturt Amy , Bristowe Henrietta , Webb Emily , Hansingo Isaiah , Phiri Comfort , Mudenda Maina , Mapani Joyce , Mweene Tobias , Levecke Bruno , Cools Piet , van Dam Govert , Corstjens Paul , Ayles Helen , Hayes Richard , Francis Suzanna , van Lieshout Lisette , Vwalika Bellington , Kjetland Eyrun , Bustinduy Amaya 
Published: January 2023

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) can occur in S. haematobium infection and is caused by parasite egg deposition in the genital tract. Confirming a diagnosis of FGS is challenging due to the lack of a diagnostic reference standard. A 2010 expert-led consensus meeting proposed visual inspection of the cervicovaginal mucosa as an adequate reference standard for FGS diagnosis. The agreement of expert human reviewers for visual-FGS has not been previously described. Methods: In two Zambian communities, non-menstruating, non-pregnant, sexually-active women aged 18-31 years participating in the HPTN 071 (PopART) Population-Cohort were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Self-collected genital swabs and a urine specimen were collected at a home visit; trained midwives performed CVL and hand-held colposcopy at a clinic visit. S. haematobium eggs and circulating anodic antigen (CAA) were detected from urine. Two expert reviewers independently diagnosed visual-FGS as the presence of sandy patches, rubbery papules or abnormal blood vessels in digital cervicovaginal images obtained by hand-held colposcopy. PCR-FGS was defined as Schistosoma DNA detected by real-time PCR in any genital specimen (CVL or genital swab). Results: Of 527 women with cervicovaginal colposcopic images, 468/527 (88.8%) were deemed interpretable by Reviewer 1 and 417/527 (79.1%) by Reviewer 2. Visual-FGS was detected in 35.3% (165/468) of participants by expert review of colposcopic images by Reviewer 1 and in 63.6% (265/417) by Reviewer 2. Cohen’s kappa statistic for agreement between the two expert reviewers was 0.16, corresponding to "slight" agreement. The reviewers made concordant diagnoses in 38.7% (204/527) participants (100 negative, 104 positive) and discordant diagnoses in 31.8% (168/527) participants. Conclusions: The unexpectedly low level of correlation between expert reviewers highlights the imperfect nature of visual diagnosis for FGS based on cervicovaginal images obtained with a hand-held colposcope. This finding is a call to action for improved point-of-care diagnostics for female genital schistosomiasis
Principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along a tetrahedral line
Authors: Kononov P. , Kononova I. , Moroz O. 
Published: January 2023

In connection with the development of new methods of nanotechnology, the article discusses the features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of the training of undergraduates in the study of the disciplines «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics» and «Computer modeling».
Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms (including oriented attachment) are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis.
The article considers homoatomic clusters constructed from identical structural units. The desire to minimize energy is expressed in the tendency to the densest arrangement of structural units in the cluster. This allows us to assert that cluster structures with the maximum number of connections per structural unit will be the most stable; that clusters tend to a quasi-spherical shape (i.e., cluster sizes along three Cartesian axes should be close if possible, while dense structures are formed, the surface of which is minimal, and the number of connections is maximum); that clusters with higher symmetry are preferable (identical structural units composing the cluster framework should strive to stay in an indistinguishable state and position from each other).
The work applies the knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics to the study of the patterns of processes in the nanowire on the example of the principles of building nanoclusters along a tetrahedral line using three-dimensional modeling in the Autodesk 3ds Max environment. Visualization and visual representation of geometric images of nanoclusters will allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and will serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects.
The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology, solid-state electronics, micro- and nanoelectronics, micro- and nanosystem technology, thin-film sensors.
Reciprocity in Dynamic Employment Relationships
Authors: Fahn Matthias 
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes a dynamic relational contract for employees with reciprocal preferences. A model of a long-term employment relationship is developed that implies that generous upfront wages activate the norm of reciprocity and then are more important when an employee is close to retirement. In earlier stages, direct incentives promising a bonus in exchange for effort are more effective. Hence, direct and reciprocity-based incentives reinforce each other and should be used in combination. Moreover, a more competitive labor market may increase the utilization of reciprocity-based incentives. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Hardegg’sche Stiftung, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC TRR 190], and the Austrian Science Fund [Grant P 33307-G]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4657 .
The impact on babies and their families
Authors: Johnson Louisa 
Published: January 2023

In part one of a new series by Louisa Johnson she investigates the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on families with babies. This series of articles will discuss the qualitative data found during an investigation of parents' positive and negative experiences with having a baby during a global pandemic. To read Louisa's introduction to her research and some of her initial prior research on pregnancy during the coronavirus pandemic please go to this month's student spotlight in the Practice Insight supplement.
Soil-transmitted helminth surveillance in Benin: A mixed-methods analysis of factors influencing non-participation in longitudinal surveillance activities
Authors: Murphy Emma , Togbevi Innocent Comlanvi , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Avokpaho Euripide FGA , Walson Judd L. , Means Arianna Rubin 
Published: January 2023

Background
Despite the significant success of deworming programs in reducing morbidity due to soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections globally, efforts to achieve elimination of STH as a public health problem or to potentially interrupt transmission will require improving and intensifying surveillance. However, non-participation in surveillance threatens the ability of programs to adequately monitor program status and limited research has been conducted to investigate drivers of non-participation in stool-based surveillance.

Methodology/Principal findings
This mixed-methods exploratory sequential study took place in Comé, Benin in association with the DeWorm3 Project. Six focus group discussions were conducted with individuals invited to participate in annual DeWorm3 stool surveillance. Thematic analysis was used to identify facilitators and barriers to participation and inform the quantitative analysis. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was built using baseline DeWorm3 survey data to identify factors associated with non-participation. Qualitative and quantitative findings were merged for interpretation. Among the 7,039 individuals invited to participate in baseline stool surveillance, the refusal rate was 8.1%. Qualitative themes included: community members weighing community-level benefits against individual-level risks, circulating rumors about misuse of stool samples, interpersonal communication with field agents, and cultural norms around handling adult feces. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that adults were significantly less likely to provide a stool sample than school-aged children (OR:0.69, 95%CI: 0.55–0.88), a finding that converged with the qualitative results. Individuals from areas in the highest quartile of population density were more likely to refuse to participate (OR:1.71, 95%CI:1.16–2.52). Several variables linked to community-affinity aligned with qualitative results; residing mainly in the community (OR:0.36, 95%CI:0.20–0.66) and having lived in the community for more than 10 years (OR:0.82, 95%CI:0.54–1.25) decreased likelihood of refusal.

Conclusions/Significance
Optimizing STH surveillance will require that programs reimagine STH surveillance activities to address community concerns and ensure that no subpopulations are inadvertently excluded from surveillance data.
A scoping review of survey research with gender minority adolescents and youth in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Pike Isabel , Kraus-Perrotta Cara , Ngo Thoai D. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSurvey data that categorizes gender identity in binary terms and conflates sex and gender limits knowledge around the experience of gender minority populations, whose gender identity or expression does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth. In this review, we outline the existing survey research on the experience of a gender minority demographic for whom there is particularly limited data: adolescents and youth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsThis paper is a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles, published in English, that use survey data to examine the experience of gender minority adolescents and youth in LMICs. We conducted a search on two major databases using key terms related to gender identity, adolescence and youth, and country and region. This search yielded 385 articles. Following a team-conducted review, we retained 33 articles for the final analysis.ResultsOur review shows that surveys with adolescents and youth in LMICs are increasingly including questions and taking sampling approaches that allow gender minority populations to be visible in survey data. Surveys that do so are largely focused in upper middle-income countries (n = 24), rather than lower middle-income or low-income countries, with South East Asia a notable sub-region of focus (n = 15). Sexual health, mental health, and violence are key topics of interest. Most of the surveys rely on some form of network-driven sampling focused on sexual and/or gender minorities (n = 22). The studies vary in how they ask about gender identity, both in terms of question formulation and the answer categories that are offered, as well as the extent to which they describe the questions in the article text.ConclusionsThis review reveals a growing body of work that provides important insights into the experiences of gender minority adolescents and youth in LMICs. More studies could integrate these approaches, but it must be done in a way that is thoughtful about cultural and political context. Given the relatively nascent nature of such research, we encourage scholars to continue providing details on methodology, including around participant recruitment and the development of gender identity questions. This information would be valuable for researchers seeking to better include gender minorities and their experiences in survey research, but who might be daunted methodologically.
Factors associated with selection of targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Song Yeo-Jin , Cho Soo-Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Kim Hye Won , Nam Eunwoo , Choi Chan-Bum , Kim Tae-Hwan , Jun Jae-Bum , Bae Sang-Cheol , Yoo Dae Hyun , Sung Yoon Kyoung 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Deciding which drug to choose for targeted therapy is an important step in sequential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to identify factors for selecting Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) rather than biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with RA in real-world practice.

Methods
We selected RA patients starting JAKis or bDMARDs from single-center prospective cohorts in Korea. Patients were divided into JAKi, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. We performed multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with selecting JAKis.

Results
145, 205, and 89 patients were included in the JAKi, TNF inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. In multinomial regression analysis, the JAKi group was older than the TNF inhibitor group (OR 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.05) but younger than the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.97, CI 0.95–1.00). The JAKi group was less likely to have chronic pulmonary diseases compared with the TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.07, CI 0.01–0.56) or the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.06, CI 0.01–0.50). Higher disease activity assessed by physician (OR 1.80, CI 1.51–2.38) and previous tacrolimus use (OR 2.05, CI 1.20–3.51) were factors suggesting selection of JAKis than TNF inhibitors.

Conclusion
Age, pulmonary comorbidities, previous tacrolimus use, and high disease activity assessed by physician were factors influencing the selection of JAKis for RA patients in Korea.