bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of hypercholesterolemia, vegetarian diet, and hypertension for incident dementia among elderly Taiwanese individuals with low educational levels
Authors: Fan Sung-Man , Chiu Pai-Yi , Liu Chung-Hsiang , Liao Yu-Chi , Chang Hsin-Te 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Early management of modifiable dementia-related factors is seen as a novel approach to preventing dementia onset; however, these efforts are often hindered by the complexity of interactions among these factors. In addition, different modifiable dementia-related factors may contribute to different etiologies of dementia. Design: The current study investigated the effects of common modifiable dementia-related factors on prediction of incident dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT), and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: Vascular- and lifestyle-related factors were used as predictors of incident dementia, DAT, and VaD among 1,285 elderly individuals without obvious signs of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the risks associated with each modifiable factor. Results: After controlling for factors other than stroke-related factors, hypercholesterolemia was correlated with a relatively low risk of all-cause incident dementia and DAT, whereas a vegetarian diet was correlated with an elevated risk of all-cause incident dementia and VaD. Hypertension was correlated with incident VaD. After controlling for stroke-related factors, a vegetarian diet was correlated with an elevated risk of all-cause dementia. A history of myocardiac infarction and the use of anti-platelet medication were, respectively, associated with a reduced risk of DAT and elevated risk of VaD. The use of anti-hypertensives was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia, whereas the use of anti-lipid agents was associated with slow progression DAT (i.e. exceeding the average conversion time). Hypercholesterolemia was associated with an elevated risk for slow progression DAT. Conclusion: These findings could perhaps be used as clinical markers in predicting and preventing incident dementia, DAT, and VaD.
Paired Indoor and Outdoor Nitrogen Dioxide Associated With Childhood Asthma Outcomes in a Mixed Rural-Urban Setting: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wi Chung-Il , Gent Janneane F. , Bublitz Joshua T. , King Katherine S. , Ryu Euijung , Sorrentino Keli , Plano Julie , McKay Lisa , Porcher Julie , Wheeler Philip H. , Chiarella Sergio E. , DeWan Andrew T. , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Sheares Beverley J. , Leaderer Brian , Juhn Young J. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is known to be a trigger for asthma exacerbation. However, little is known about the role of seasonal variation in indoor and outdoor NO2 levels in childhood asthma in a mixed rural-urban setting of North America. Methods: This prospective cohort study, as a feasibility study, included 62 families with children (5-17 years) that had diagnosed persistent asthma residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations were measured using passive air samples over 2 weeks in winter and 2 weeks in summer. We assessed seasonal variation in NO2 levels in urban and rural residential areas and the association with asthma control status collected from participants’ asthma diaries during the study period. Results: Outdoor NO2 levels were lower (median: 2.4 parts per billion (ppb) in summer, 3.9 ppb in winter) than the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annual standard (53 ppb). In winter, a higher level of outdoor NO2 was significantly associated with urban residential living area ( P = .014) and lower socioeconomic status (SES) ( P = .027). For both seasons, indoor NO2 was significantly higher ( P < .05) in rural versus urban areas and in homes with gas versus electric stoves ( P < .05). Asthma control status was not associated with level of indoor or outdoor NO2 in this cohort. Conclusions: NO2 levels were low in this mixed rural-urban community and not associated with asthma control status in this small feasibility study. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted for defining a lower threshold of NO2 concentration with health effect on asthma in mixed rural-urban settings.
Multilevel Stigma and Its Associations with Medical Care Ratings Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in HPTN 078
Authors: Maragh-Bass Allysha C. , Hucks-Ortiz Christopher , Beyrer Chris , Remien Robert H. , Mayer Kenneth , del Rio Carlos , Batey D. Scott , Farley Jason E. , Gamble Theresa , Tolley Elizabeth E. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Our research assessed associations between stigma-related variables and medical care ratings among clients with HIV in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 078 who were men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Logistic regression explored care ratings, stigma, socio-demographics (N = 637). Qualitative thematic coding and themes explored stigmatizing experiences in different settings (N = 111). Results: Whites were twice as likely as African-Americans to report high care ratings ( P < .05). Clients who reported familial exclusion due to having sex with men were 40% less likely to report high medical care ratings ( P < .05). Clients who agreed healthcare providers think people with HIV “sleep around” were half as likely to report high care ratings ( P < .08). Stigmatization included “treating me like they’ll catch HIV from my hand,” and care avoidance so others didn’t “know I was having sex with men”. Conclusions: Providers can promote African American MSM client retention with more affirming healthcare provision, namely minimizing assumptions and addressing identities and client needs beyond just HIV care.
EcoFab: A Case on Hand-block Printing Art
Authors: Durafe Aniruddha , Bhatia Girish , Singh Anurupa B. 
Published: May 2023

EcoFab was a start-up by Dr Pushyamitra Joshi in the handloom and handicraft industry in India. It was started in the year 2015 with the tagline ‘Eco clothing for healthy living’. It was an initiative to create awareness about hand-block printing art produced by artisans living in rural areas. It was also an effort to uplift the living conditions and improve the financial conditions of artisans involved in hand-block printing art. The case examines the various strategies adopted by EcoFab in creating space for itself in the niche, luxurious and competitive handloom and handicraft market. The case delineates the various challenges confronted by the company and examines the strategies adopted by it to overcome these challenges. The case study emphasizes the significance of industry analysis, product differentiation, pricing, distribution strategies, promotion strategies, product innovation, social media marketing and diversification for an entrepreneurial venture aiming to promote hand-block printing art and produce social and economic value.
Nanoscratch-induced formation of metallic micro/nanostructures with resin masks
Authors: Xin Mingyong , Feng Qihui , Xu Changbao , Cui Licong , Zhu Jie , Gan Yinkai , Yu Bingjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetallic micro/nanostructures present a wide range of applications due to the small size and superior performances. In order to obtain high-performance devices, it is of great importance to develop new methods for preparing metallic micro/nanostructures with high quality, low cost, and precise position. It is found that metallic micro/nanostructures can be obtained by scratch-induced directional deposition of metals on silicon surface, where the mask plays a key role in the process. This study is focused on the preparation of keto-aldehyde resin masks and their effects on the formation of scratch-induced gold (Au) micro/nanostructures. It is also found that the keto-aldehyde resin with a certain thickness can act as a satisfactory mask for high-quality Au deposition, and the scratches produced under lower normal load and less scratching cycles are more conducive to the formation of compact Au structures. According to the proposed method, two-dimensional Au structures can be prepared on the designed scratching traces, providing a feasible path for fabricating high-quality metal-based sensors.
Epigenetics of cognition and behavior: insights from Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery
Authors: Ng Rowena , Kalinousky Allison , Harris Jacqueline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpigenetics, one mechanism by which gene expression can change without any changes to the DNA sequence, was described nearly a century ago. However, the importance of epigenetic processes to neurodevelopment and higher order neurological functions like cognition and behavior is only now being realized. A group of disorders known as the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery are caused by the altered function of epigenetic machinery proteins, which consequently affects downstream expression of many genes. These disorders almost universally have cognitive dysfunction and behavioral issues as core features. Here, we review what is known about the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of some key examples of these disorders divided into categories based on the underlying function of the affected protein. Understanding these Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery can illuminate the role of epigenetic regulation in typical brain function and can lead to future therapies and better management for a host of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological disorders.
Effects of adding corn steep liquor on bacterial community composition and carbon and nitrogen transformation during spent mushroom substrate composting
Authors: Sun Ning , Fan Bowen , Yang Fengjun , Zhao Liqin , Wang Mengmeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Carbon and nitrogen are essential energy and nutrient substances in the composting process. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is rich in soluble carbon and nitrogen nutrients and active substances and is widely used in the biological industry. Nonetheless, limited research has been done on the effect of CSL on composting. This work firstly reveals the effect of adding CSL to bacterial community composition and carbon and nitrogen conversion during composting. This study provides the choice of auxiliary materials for the spent mushroom substrate compost (SMS) and some novel knowledge about the effect of bacterial community on C and N cycling during composting of SMS and CSL. Two treatments were set up in the experiment: 100% spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as CK and SMS + 0.5% CSL (v/v) as CP.

Results
The results showed that the addition of CSL enhanced the initial carbon and nitrogen content of the compost, altered the bacterial community structure, and increased the bacterial diversity and relative abundance, which might be beneficial to the conversion and retention of carbon and nitrogen in the composting process. In this paper, network analysis was used to screen the core bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen conversion. In the CP network, the core bacteria were divided into two categories, synthesizing and degrading bacteria, and there were more synthesizing bacteria than degrading bacteria, so the degradation and synthesis of organic matter were carried out simultaneously, while only degrading bacteria were found in the CK network. Functional prediction by Faprotax identified 53 groups of functional bacteria, among which 20 (76.68% abundance) and 14 (13.15% abundance) groups of functional bacteria were related to carbon and nitrogen conversion, respectively. Adding CSL stimulated the compensatory effect of core and functional bacteria, enhanced the carbon and nitrogen transformation ability, stimulated the activity of low-abundance bacteria, and reduced the competitive relationship between the bacterial groups. This may be why the addition of CSL accelerated the organic matter degradation and increased carbon and nitrogen preservation.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the addition of CSL promoted the cycling and preservation of carbon and nitrogen in the SMS composts, and the addition of CSL to the compost may be an effective way to dispose of agricultural waste.
Robust estimation of dementia prevalence from two-phase surveys with non-responders via propensity score stratification
Authors: Shen Chong , Pei Minyue , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yiming , Wang Luning , Tan Jiping , Deng Ke , Li Nan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMissing diagnoses are common in cross-sectional studies of dementia, and this missingness is usually related to whether the respondent has dementia or not. Failure to properly address this issue can lead to underestimation of prevalence. To obtain accurate prevalence estimates, we propose different estimation methods within the framework of propensity score stratification (PSS), which can significantly reduce the negative impact of non-response on prevalence estimates.MethodsTo obtain accurate estimates of dementia prevalence, we calculated the propensity score (PS) of each participant to be a non-responder using logistic regression with demographic information, cognitive tests and physical function variables as covariates. We then divided all participants into five equal-sized strata based on their PS. The stratum-specific prevalence of dementia was estimated using simple estimation (SE), regression estimation (RE), and regression estimation with multiple imputation (REMI). These stratum-specific estimates were integrated to obtain an overall estimate of dementia prevalence.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of dementia using SE, RE, and REMI with PSS was 12.24%, 12.28%, and 12.20%, respectively. These estimates showed higher consistency than the estimates obtained without PSS, which were 11.64%, 12.33%, and 11.98%, respectively. Furthermore, considering only the observed diagnoses, the prevalence in the same group was found to be 9.95%, which is significantly lower than the prevalence estimated by our proposed method. This suggested that prevalence estimates obtained without properly accounting for missing data might underestimate the true prevalence.ConclusionEstimating the prevalence of dementia using the PSS provides a more robust and less biased estimate.
Effect of prophylactic antiviral intervention on T cell immunity in hepatitis B virus-infected pregnant women
Authors: Huang Meiting , Gao Yunfei , Liao Dandan , Ma Yanchen , Li Jinna , Tang Bo , Hao Yaohua , Zhang Xuelian , Yin Shimin , Jiang Xiaohuan , Li Jialin , Yin Xueru , Li Yongyin , Hu Jing , Liu Zhihua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Antiviral intervention in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected pregnant women can effectively reduce mother-to-child transmission. However, the immunological characteristics of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection and the effects of antiviral intervention during pregnancy on maternal immune response remain unknown. We aimed to investigate these effects by comparing mothers who received antiviral intervention during pregnancy with those who did not.

Methods
Pregnant women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBsAg+ HBeAg+) were enrolled at delivery, including 34 received prophylactic antiviral intervention during pregnancy (AVI mothers) and 15 did not (NAVI mothers). T lymphocyte phenotypes and functions were analysed using flow cytometry.

Results
At delivery, maternal regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency in AVI mothers was significantly higher than that in NAVI mothers (P < 0.002), and CD4+ T cells in AVI mothers displayed a decreased ability to secrete IFN-γ (P = 0.005) and IL-21 (P = 0.043), but an increased ability to secrete IL-10 and IL-4 (P = 0.040 and P = 0.036), which represented a higher Treg frequency, enhanced Th2 response and suppressed Th1 response. Treg frequency among AVI mothers was correlated negatively with serum HBsAg and HBeAg levels. After delivery, the ability of CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ or IL-10 was similar and no significant difference in Treg frequency was found between the two groups.

Conclusions
Prophylactic antiviral intervention during pregnancy has an effect on T cell immunity in pregnant women, which was characterised by increased maternal Treg frequency, enhanced Th2 response and suppressed Th1 response at delivery.
Evaluation of maternal and child care continuum in Guinea: a secondary analysis of two demographic and health surveys using the composite coverage index (CCI)
Authors: Cisse Diao , Toure Almamy Amara , Diallo Abdourahamane , Goungounga Juste Aristite , Kadio Kadio Jean-Jacques Olivier , Barry Ibrahima , Berete Souleymane , Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Harouna Souleymane Hassane , Camara Alseny Yarie , Sylla Younoussa , Cisse Kola , Sidibe Maïmouna , Toure Abdoulaye , Delamou Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The composite coverage index (CCI) is the weighted average coverage of eight preventive and curative interventions received along the maternal and childcare continuum. This study aimed to analyse maternal and child health indicators using CCI.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) focused on women aged 15 to 49 and their children aged 1 to 4. This study took place in Guinea. The CCI (meeting the need for planning, childbirth assisted by qualified healthcare workers, antenatal care assisted by qualified healthcare workers, vaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, taking oral rehydration salts during diarrhoea and seeking care for pneumonia) is optimal if the weighted proportion of interventions is > 50%; otherwise, it is partial. We identified the factors associated with CCI using the descriptive association tests, the spatial autocorrelation statistic and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
The analyses involved two DHS surveys, with 3034 included in 2012 and 4212 in 2018. The optimal coverage of the CCI has increased from 43% in 2012 to 61% in 2018. In multivariate analysis, in 2012: the poor had a lower probability of having an optimal CCI than the richest; OR = 0.11 [95% CI; 0.07, 0.18]. Those who had done four antenatal care visits (ANC) were 2.78 times more likely to have an optimal CCI than those with less OR = 2.78 [95% CI;2.24, 3.45]. In 2018: the poor had a lower probability of having an optimal CCI than the richest OR = 0.27 [95% CI; 0.19, 0.38]. Women who planned their pregnancies were 28% more likely to have an optimal CCI than those who had not planned OR = 1.28 [95% CI;1.05, 1.56]. Finally, women with more than 4 ANC were 2.43 times more likely to have an optimal CCI than those with the least OR = 2.43 [95% CI; 2.03, 2.90]. The spatial analysis reveals significant disparities with an aggregation of high partial CCI in Labé between 2012 and 2018.

Conclusion
This study showed an increase in CCI between 2012 and 2018. Policies should improve access to care and information for poor women. Besides, strengthening ANC visits and reducing regional inequalities increases optimal CCI.
Exploring a framework for demandable services from antenatal to postnatal care: a deep-dive dialogue with mothers, health workers and psychologists
Authors: Mauluka Chancy , Stones William , Chiumia Isabel Kazanga , Maliwichi Limbika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne of the factors affecting quality of care is that clients do not demand care practises during antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care. This study aimed to identify care practices that can be demanded by the mother in the continuum of care from antenatal to postnatal.MethodsThe study respondents included 122 mothers, 31 health workers and 4 psychologists. The researchers conducted 9 Key Informant Interviews with service providers and psychologists, 8 Focus Group Discussions with 8 mothers per group, and 26 vignettes with mothers and service providers. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) where themes were identified and categorised.ResultsDuring antenatal and postnatal care, mothers demanded all recommended services presented to them. Some services seen as demandable during labour and delivery included 4-hourly assessments of vital signs and blood pressure, emptying of the bladder, swabbing, delivery counselling, administration of oxytocin, post-delivery palpation, and vaginal examination. For the child mothers demanded head to toe assessment, assessment of vital signs, weighing, cord stamp and eye antiseptics, and vaccines. Women observed that they could demand birth registration even though it was not among the recommended services. Respondents proposed empowerment of mothers with cognitive, behavioural and interpersonal skills to demand services e.g., knowledge of service standards and health benefits in addition to improved self-confidence and assertiveness. In addition, efforts have to be made to address perceived or real health worker attitudes, mental health for the client and the service provider, service provider workload, and availability of supplies.ConclusionThe study found that if a mother is informed in simple language about services that she is supposed to receive, she can demand numerous services in the continuum of care from antenatal to postnatal. However, demand cannot be a standalone solution for improving quality of care. What the mother can ask for is a step in the guidelines, but she cannot probe deeper to influence quality of the procedure. In addition, empowerment of mothers needs to be coupled with services and systems strengthening in support of health workers.
Exploring the importance of predisposing, enabling, and need factors for promoting Veteran engagement in mental health therapy for post-traumatic stress: a multiple methods study
Authors: Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Shapiro Abigail , Stechuchak Karen M. , Sheahan Kate L. , Ackland Princess E. , Smith Valerie A. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Glynn Shirley M. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Edelman David , Weidenbacher Hollis J. , Eldridge Madeleine R. , Van Houtven Courtney H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study explored Veteran and family member perspectives on factors that drive post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) therapy engagement within constructs of the Andersen model of behavioral health service utilization. Despite efforts by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to increase mental health care access, the proportion of Veterans with PTSD who engage in PTSD therapy remains low. Support for therapy from family members and friends could improve Veteran therapy use.

Methods
We applied a multiple methods approach using data from VA administrative data and semi-structured individual interviews with Veterans and their support partners who applied to the VA Caregiver Support Program. We integrated findings from a machine learning analysis of quantitative data with findings from a qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews.

Results
In quantitative models, Veteran medical need for health care use most influenced treatment initiation and retention. However, qualitative data suggested mental health symptoms combined with positive Veteran and support partner treatment attitudes motivated treatment engagement. Veterans indicated their motivation to seek treatment increased when family members perceived treatment to be of high value. Veterans who experienced poor continuity of VA care, group, and virtual treatment modalities expressed less care satisfaction. Prior marital therapy use emerged as a potentially new facilitator of PTSD treatment engagement that warrants more exploration.

Conclusions
Our multiple methods findings represent Veteran and support partner perspectives and show that amid Veteran and organizational barriers to care, attitudes and support of family members and friends still matter. Family-oriented services and intervention could be a gateway to increase Veteran PTSD therapy engagement.