bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finanzielle Beeinflussung medizinischer Entscheidungen in Deutschland – Eine Übersichtsarbeit zu Ursachen und Forschungsstand von ökonomischen Einflüssen in der stationären Versorgung
Authors: Lückmann Sara Lena , Böhme Grit , Krüger Felix , Hiemer Sonja , Al-Ali Haifa-Kathrin , Wuppermann Amelie 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer verstärkte finanzielle Druck im deutschen Gesundheitswesen kann auch medizinische Entscheidungen beeinflussen. Diese selektive Literaturrecherche stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu finanzieller Beeinflussung der stationären Versorgung in Deutschland dar. Durch den aktuell bestehenden wirtschaftlichen Druck im Gesundheitswesen fühlen sich Ärzte zunehmend auch bei Indikationsstellung und Behandlungsentscheidungen finanziellen Zwängen unterworfen. Es gibt Evidenz für finanziell initiiertes Upcoding und Mengenausweitungen. Zum Ausmaß, zu Risikogruppen und zum Einfluss auf die Qualität der Versorgung ist wenig bekannt. Gut erforscht ist die Auswirkung des finanziellen Drucks auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit, den empfundenen Stress und die Gesundheit der behandelnden Ärzte. Die aktuelle Diskussion zur Ökonomisierung ärztlichen Handelns ist wichtig, vor allem zu Fehlanreizen und Arbeitszufriedenheit. Zu Patientenwohlgefährdungen ist wenig bekannt.
Diagnostik, Therapie und psychosoziale Aspekte bei late-onset Morbus
Pompe
Authors: Hahn Philipp , Siefen Rainer-Georg , Benz Korbinian , Jackowski Jochen , Köhler Cornelia , Lücke Thomas 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungMorbus Pompe ist eine schwerwiegende lysosomale Stoffwechselerkrankung, die sich
von frühester Kindheit bis ins Erwachsenenalter klinisch manifestieren
kann. Ihre Diagnose wird durch ein breites Symptomspektrum erschwert. Eine
frühe Diagnose mittels Enzymaktivitätsbestimmung aus Trockenblut
und humangenetischer Sicherung ist insbesondere seit Einführung der
Enzymersatztherapie (in Deutschland 2006) entscheidend für das
Behandlungsergebnis und die Lebensqualität der Patienten. Bei unklaren
muskulären Erkrankungen ist daher auch ein M. Pompe in Erwägung
zu ziehen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die
Erkrankung und konzentriert sich auf die Diagnostik ihres
spätmanifestierenden Typs, der sowohl im Kindes- und Jugendalter als
auch im Erwachsenenalter auftreten kann. Die relevantesten Aspekte der
interdisziplinären Versorgung Betroffener werden dargestellt.
Darüber hinaus beleuchtet er die psychosozialen Belastungen bei Kindern
mit M. Pompe und ihren Familien, welche von psychischen Störungen bis
hin zu sozialem Rückzug reichen können und gibt Hinweise zum
Umgang mit Eltern betroffener Kinder.
Nahtlosverfahren 4.0 – Eine hybride Intervention zur
Kliniknachsorge bei alkoholbezogenen Störungen
Authors: Lukas Christian Aljoscha , Hacker Daniel 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungAlkoholbezogene Störungen sind eine der häufigsten psychischen
Störungen und sind mit großem individuellem Leid sowie hohen
Kosten für die Gesellschaft verbunden. Die stationäre Therapie
stellt eine wesentliche und gut evaluierte Behandlungsform bei alkoholbezogenen
Störungen dar. Bezüglich der Verstetigung stationär
erzielter Therapieerfolge durch eine Nachsorge herrscht in Deutschland jedoch
aktuell eine Mangelsituation zu Lasten der Betroffenen. Hybride
E-Health-Interventionen besitzen das Potential, als ergänzende
Komponente in der poststationären Versorgung signifikante
Therapieeffekte zu erzielen. Derartige menschlich gestützte
Interventionen sind ort- und zeitunabhängig nutzbar,
kostengünstig zu reproduzieren und sprechen durch ihren hohen
Anonymitätsgrad Betroffene jenseits des konventionellen Suchtsystems an.
mentalis Appstinence ist eine hybride Nachsorgeintervention
für alkoholbezogene Störungen im poststationären
Setting. Bereits in einer Feasibility Studie wurde demonstriert, dass eine hohe
Adhärenz sowie eine Reduktion dysfunktionaler Einstellungen, des
Suchtverlangens und Risikokonsums erreicht werden kann. Weiterhin weisen erste
Daten aus der Versorgungspraxis darauf hin, dass Appstinence die
Überführungsrate in Anschlussmaßnahmen steigert sowie
die Rehospitalisierungsrate reduziert wird. Zusätzlich erfolgt aktuell
die Evaluation in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie. Folglich kann die
Integration solch hybrider E-Health-Interventionen einen wichtigen Baustein
für die Verbesserung des poststationären Suchthilfesystems
bedeuten.
Endovascular Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Pediatric Patients: A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Borges de Almeida Gonçalo , Pamplona Jaime , Baptista Mariana , Carvalho Rui , Conceição Carla , Lopes da Silva Rita , Sagarribay Amets , Reis João , Fragata Isabel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections with direct arteriovenous shunts, generally symptomatic in the adult life. However, a small number of bAVMs may manifest in pediatric patients, with higher bleeding risk and mortality rates when compared to adults. The purpose of this study is to review our experience with endovascular treatment of bAVMs in pediatric patients.
Methods This is a retrospective analysis of all bAVMs in pediatric patients (0–18 years) who underwent diagnostic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at our institution from January 2010 to June 2021.
Results Twenty-six patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 underwent endovascular treatment. Treated patients had a mean age of 10.25 years and 58% were females. Complete angiographic exclusion was achieved in five (42%) patients with endovascular treatment. Five patients with residual bAVM after embolization needed adjuvant therapy with surgery (n = 3) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; n = 2). Two patients are still undergoing embolization sessions. Procedure-related complications occurred in two patients (17%) and included small vessel perforation and an occipital ischemic stroke. Two patients showed bAVM recurrence on follow-up (17%) and subsequently underwent SRS (n = 1) or surgery (n = 1), both resulting in complete bAVM exclusion. All patients had a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2 on follow-up.
Conclusion Our experience supports the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment of bAVM in selected pediatric patients. A multidisciplinary approach combining surgery and SRS is warranted to achieve higher complete bAVM obliteration rates. Long-term follow-up is important as these lesions may show recurrence over time, especially in the pediatric population.
ADAR Expression and Single Nucleotide Variants in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Affect the Response to Interferon Beta Therapy
Authors: Fakhr Fatemeh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Khorrami Mehdi , Saberi Leila , Mirmosayyeb Omid , Sadeghi Erfan , Kheirollahi Majid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInterferon (IFN)-β is the first-line disease management choice in multiple sclerosis (MS) with profound effects; however, in up to 50% of patients, clinical response does not occur. Ascertaining the responding state, need a long-term clinical follow-up, and this may lead to delay in use of other effective medications. IFN-induced cascade and its regulation is considered to play a major role in MS. Adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific (ADAR) dysregulation is important to IFN signaling pathway as an activity suppressor. Hence, we investigated the expression of ADAR and its single nucleotide variants of rs2229857 association with response to IFN-β in relapsing-remitting MS patients. mRNA levels and genotyping of rs2229857 in 167 MS patients were investigated via SYBR Green real-time (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting RT PCR, respectively. The allele-A in rs2229857 and higher expression of ADAR were associated with poor response to IFN-β. Two response groups were significantly different in terms of annualized relapse rate, first symptoms, first extended disability status scale (EDSS), current EDSS, and the MS severity score. According to this study's findings, assessment of transcript levels and also variants in ADAR may be useful in identifying patients' response to IFN-β before starting treatment. Further investigations are needed to determine the potency of ADAR to be a predictive biomarker in drug responsiveness.
Awareness and Attitude among Nonmedical University Students on Epilepsy in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Berjaoui Christin , Atrouni Salim , Doumiati Hassan , Mezher Hayat , Sinno Loubna , ElJarkass Hania 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Several studies addressed the awareness and knowledge of epilepsy among students and teachers that indicated unfavorable levels of awareness, but none in Lebanon.
Aim The aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness and attitude toward epilepsy among nonmedical university students.
Methods A survey-based questionnaire was conducted among 1,000 nonmedical students. SPSS was used for data analysis.
Results Participants claimed 78.5% having some knowledge about epilepsy (78.5%), with only 20.1% of the participants attaining their knowledge through university courses. Alarmingly, negative beliefs were noticed in our study such as considering person with epilepsy (PWE) as disabled (34.9%), epilepsy is a genetic disorder (40.9%), and it would lead to insanity (43.1%). Moreover, participants think that a PWE is unable to get married (29.5%), nor have children (25.2%), and they would even refuse to marry someone with epilepsy (35.7%). On the other hand, participants showed some positive behaviors such as the fact that epilepsy is not contagious (81%), would accept to accompany a colleague with epilepsy (72.1%), and believing that PWE can succeed at jobs (82.2%). When it comes to providing first aid, wrong practices were reported such as believing that something should be placed in the mouth during a seizure to avoid biting their tongue (58.1%).
Conclusion Lack of knowledge, acceptance, and first aid practices have been observed in our study. Thus, efforts in including epilepsy within university curriculums, as well as raising awareness different platforms and campaigns should be done, as the social burden is even higher on PWE.
Mental Well-being Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Rodrigues Lavina , Safeekh AT , Veigas Jacintha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Adolescent mental well-being is a concern for health care specialists as the prevalence of mental health issues appears to peak in this age group.
Aim Our aim was to determine the level of mental well-being among adolescents.
Methods The study was conducted using the descriptive survey approach among 720 adolescents of 16 to 17 years. Baseline proforma and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were the tools used to collect the data.
Results Almost three-fourth of adolescents had good mental well-being, whereas 2.08% experienced poor mental well-being. The chi-square test showed a significant association between mental well-being and selected demographic variables such as stream under study (p = 0.001), type of family (p = 0.006), area of residence (p = 0.001), educational status of the father (p = 0.011), and occupational status of the father (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Appropriate interventions by health care professionals are needed to focus on submerged risky behaviors and obstacles to promote mental well-being among adolescents.
The impact of intergenerational support on multidimensional poverty in old age: empirical analysis based on 2018 CLHLS data
Authors: Tan Hong , Dong Zhihua , Zhang Haomiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntergenerational support from children and differences in social security treatment are important factors influencing the occurrence of multidimensional poverty among the elderly in China. Drawing on social support theory, based on the data of the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, this article investigates the effects of different intergenerational support provided by children on multidimensional poverty among the elderly, using a combination of logit regression model and moderating effect model, and identify the role played by social security programs. The study shows that multidimensional poverty among the elderly in China is generally severe, and the structure of poverty is evolving from material to spiritual poverty. The effectiveness of financial and caregiving support in the management of multidimensional poverty among the elderly has diminished and is limited to rights-based poverty, and the effects are in opposite directions. Emotional support assumes an increasingly important role in poverty management and has a significant impact on the alleviation of economic, health, and spiritual poverty as well as overall multidimensional poverty. Social security programmes have significant moderating effects on the relationship between financial support, emotional support and multidimensional poverty among the elderly, and differences in social security programmes can cause changes in the impact of intergenerational support on multidimensional poverty among the elderly. This study has theoretical value and practical implications for building a solid bottom line for a mass return to poverty and improving the current situation of multidimensional poverty among the elderly in China.
Seeding the vacuum with entropy: the Chaplygin-like vacuum hypothesis
Authors: Bertolami Orfeu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is proposed that the vacuum admits two different phases as described by the Chaplygin equation of state or its generalised version: a phase where the energy density behaves as if dominated by non-relativistic matter and a de Sitter phase. The particle production due to the expansion that takes place at the matter-like phase can generate entanglement entropy and provide, through interactions, the environment that turn gravitational quantum features into classical ones. In the ensued de Sitter phase, the cosmological constant can be suppressed by inflation.
Geometric perspective for explaining Hubble tension: theoretical and observational aspects
Authors: Monjo Robert , Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Universe expansion rate has two different but very precise values (67.4 ± 0.5and73.30 ± 1.04km s−1Mpc−1) that are not compatible. This problem, known as a Hubble tension, adds to other cosmological questions such as the origin of dark energy and the flatness problem. In turn, alternative models have attempted to explain similar phenomena but without dark energy. The aim of this work was to explain the Hubble tension by using a geometrical interpretation of observational viewpoints in embedded manifolds. Our technique consists of a set of parametric projections of radially inhomogeneous metrics, linking indistinguishable behaviours of accelerated flat and non-accelerated closed universes. A dark-energy-like phenomenon emerges from the distortion of matter-independent hyperconical metrics. To contrast our model, numerical solutions of dark energy/matter densities and Hubble parameter were obtained and compared to the standard model fitted to the Pantheon Supernovae Ia sample and in contrast to the SH0ES LMC Cepheid findings. Finally, Hubble tension is modelled by the different extrinsic/intrinsic viewpoints of the manifold. Compared to the Planck Legacy’s 2018 release ofH0=67.4 ± 0.5km s−1Mpc−1, we found ΛCDM-dependent (intrinsic) ranges between 66.38 and 68.87 km s−1Mpc−1, which were theoretically derived by setting local compatibility of metrics. The ΛCDM-independent extrinsic viewpoint resulted in a Hubble parameter between 73 and 74 km s−1Mpc−1(compared toH0=73.30 ± 1.04km s−1Mpc−1of SH0ES). Datasets of 1048 Pantheon Type Ia supernovae (0.0101 < z < 2.26) and 34 cosmic chronometers combined with 7 radial baryon acoustic oscillation size-based samples (0.0708 < z < 1.965) were used to constraint the model. According to this geometrical perspective, dark parameters (energy and matter) could partially or totally be considered ‘apparent physical quantities’, a consequence of the stereographic projection of the extrinsic curvature.
Why are the electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave propagating through a conductor not in phase?
Authors: Milsom John A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intermediate and advanced texts in electromagnetic theory frequently discuss infinite plane waves propagating through conducting media. They find that the magnetic field has a phase delay (relative to the electric field) that can be as large as π/4 rad depending upon the ratio of the conductivity to the product of the angular frequency and the permittivity [σ/(ω
ϵ)]. The expressions given to calculate this phase delay are unnecessarily complicated and provide minimal physical insight. We provide a simple expression for the phase delay and then illustrate how to interpret it by first considering Ampere’s Law and Faraday’s Law separately and then coupling them together. In the classroom, this provides an excellent educational opportunity for our students since we make analogies between the phase shifts associated with Ampere’s Law and equivalent phase shifts in driven oscillators and alternating current RC circuits.
Bending recognition based on learning enhanced fiber specklegram sensor
Authors: Gao Han , Zhang Yan-Xin , Zhang Wei-Gang , Yan Tie-Yi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a deep learning-enhanced fiber specklegram sensor for bending recognition. A segment of multimode fiber is used to sense bending, and tiny bending changes lead to significant variations in the speckle pattern generated at the distal end of the fiber. Principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to optimize the collected samples and remove noise and redundant information by mining internal features, which makes the mapping relationship between the speckle image and corresponding curvature clearer and is conducive to reducing computational complexity. Back propagation neural network is employed to learn the mapping relationship between speckle image and curvature on the optimized dataset according to the optimized direction provided by PCA. The testing results show that the prediction error of the trained model for the learned bending state is 5.9 × 10−4 m−1, and the prediction speed is 0.05 ms per frame. The proposed scheme has a strong generalization ability and can be applied to predict bending states that have never been learned or seen with a prediction error of 3.8 × 10−2 m−1, which cannot be realized by the previously reported fiber specklegram sensor based on the classification neural network. The bending recognition scheme enhanced by deep learning proposed in this paper provides an enlightening reference for solving fiber sensing problems with deep learning methods, and it has the potential to be applied in more fields as a general scheme.
Two capacitors’ experiments using Phyphox app and ESP32 development board
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Cao Hualiang , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Junhui , Zhao XinXue , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we designed two Arduino-based electrical experiments to help students understand the properties and applications of capacitors. To conduct the experimental research on capacitors, this paper introduces the experimental setups of the ESP32 development board with the Phyphox app. The ESP32 development board is connected to sensors for measuring and collecting data, and the Phyphox app is responsible for receiving and displaying data in the form of charts. This type of electrical experiment is simple to operate, accurate in data, and intuitive in charts, making it extremely beneficial for the development of the secondary school student’s physics skills.
A diamond detector based dosimetric system for instantaneous dose rate measurements in FLASH electron beams
Authors: Marinelli Marco , di Martino Fabio , Del Sarto Damiano , Pensavalle Jake Harold , Felici Giuseppe , Giunti Luigi , De Liso Veronica , Kranzer Rafael , Verona Claudio , Verona Rinati Gianluca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. A reliable determination of the instantaneous dose rate (I-DR) delivered in FLASH radiotherapy treatments is believed to be crucial to assess the so-called FLASH effect in preclinical and biological studies. At present, no detectors nor real-time procedures are available to do that in ultra high dose rate (UH-DR) electron beams, typically consisting of μs pulses characterized by I-DRs of the order of MGy/s. A dosimetric system is proposed possibly overcoming the above reported limitation, based on the recently developed flashDiamond (fD) detector (model 60025, PTW-Freiburg, Germany). Approach. A dosimetric system is proposed, based on a flashDiamond detector prototype, properly modified and adapted for very fast signal transmission. It was used in combination with a fast transimpedance amplifier and a digital oscilloscope to record the temporal traces of the pulses delivered by an ElectronFlash linac (SIT S.p.A., Italy). The proposed dosimetric systems was investigated in terms of the temporal characteristics of its response and the capability to measure the absolute delivered dose and instantaneous dose rate (I-DR). A ‘standard’ flashDiamond was also investigated and its response compared with the one of the specifically designed prototype. Main results. Temporal traces recorded in several UH-DR irradiation conditions showed very good signal to noise ratios and rise and decay times of the order of a few tens ns, faster than the ones obtained by the current transformer embedded in the linac head. By analyzing such signals, a calibration coefficient was derived for the fD prototype and found to be in agreement within 1% with the one obtained under reference 60Co irradiation. I-DRs as high as about 2 MGy s−1 were detected without any undesired saturation effect. Absolute dose per pulse values extracted by integrating the I-DR signals were found to be linear up to at least 7.13 Gy and in very good agreement with the ones obtained by connecting the fD to a UNIDOS electrometer (PTW-Freiburg, Germany). A good short term reproducibility of the linac output was observed, characterized by a pulse-to-pulse variation coefficient of 0.9%. Negligible differences were observed when replacing the fD prototype with a standard one, with the only exception of a somewhat slower response time for the latter detector type. Significance. The proposed fD-based system was demonstrated to be a suitable tool for a thorough characterization of UH-DR beams, providing accurate and reliable time resolved I-DR measurements from which absolute dose values can be straightforwardly derived.