bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the causes and consequences of gut mycobiome variation in a wild population of the Seychelles warbler
Authors: Worsley Sarah F. , Davies Charli S. , Mannarelli Maria-Elena , Komdeur Jan , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable research has focussed on the importance of bacterial communities within the vertebrate gut microbiome (GM). However, studies investigating the significance of other microbial kingdoms, such as fungi, are notably lacking, despite their potential to influence host processes. Here, we characterise the fungal GM of individuals living in a natural population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis). We evaluate the extent to which fungal GM structure is shaped by environment and host factors, including genome-wide heterozygosity and variation at key immune genes (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)). Importantly, we also explore the relationship between fungal GM differences and subsequent host survival. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the genetic drivers and fitness consequences of fungal GM variation have been characterised for a wild vertebrate population.ResultsEnvironmental factors, including season and territory quality, explain the largest proportion of variance in the fungal GM. In contrast, neither host age, sex, genome-wide heterozygosity, norTLR3genotype was associated with fungal GM differences in Seychelles warblers. However, the presence of four MHC-I alleles and one MHC-II allele was associated with changes in fungal GM alpha diversity. Changes in fungal richness ranged from between 1 and 10 sequencing variants lost or gained; in some cases, this accounted for 20% of the fungal variants carried by an individual. In addition to this, overall MHC-I allelic diversity was associated with small, but potentially important, changes in fungal GM composition. This is evidenced by the fact that fungal GM composition differed between individuals that survived or died within 7 months of being sampled.ConclusionsOur results suggest that environmental factors play a primary role in shaping the fungal GM, but that components of the host immune system—specifically the MHC—may also contribute to the variation in fungal communities across individuals within wild populations. Furthermore, variation in the fungal GM can be associated with differential survival in the wild. Further work is needed to establish the causality of such relationships and, thus, the extent to which components of the GM may impact host evolution.
Alterations of oral microbiota and impact on the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed by integrated multi-omic analyses
Authors: Kunath B. J. , Hickl O. , Queirós P. , Martin-Gallausiaux C. , Lebrun L. A. , Halder R. , Laczny C. C. , Schmidt T. S. B. , Hayward M. R. , Becher D. , Heintz-Buschart A. , de Beaufort C. , Bork P. , May P. , Wilmes P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Alterations to the gut microbiome have been linked to multiple chronic diseases. However, the drivers of such changes remain largely unknown. The oral cavity acts as a major route of exposure to exogenous factors including pathogens, and processes therein may affect the communities in the subsequent compartments of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we perform strain-resolved, integrated meta-genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of paired saliva and stool samples collected from 35 individuals from eight families with multiple cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Results
We identified distinct oral microbiota mostly reflecting competition between streptococcal species. More specifically, we found a decreased abundance of the commensal Streptococcus salivarius in the oral cavity of T1DM individuals, which is linked to its apparent competition with the pathobiont Streptococcus mutans. The decrease in S. salivarius in the oral cavity was also associated with its decrease in the gut as well as higher abundances in facultative anaerobes including Enterobacteria. In addition, we found evidence of gut inflammation in T1DM as reflected in the expression profiles of the Enterobacteria as well as in the human gut proteome. Finally, we were able to follow transmitted strain-variants from the oral cavity to the gut at the individual omic levels, highlighting not only the transfer, but also the activity of the transmitted taxa along the gastrointestinal tract.

Conclusions
Alterations of the oral microbiome in the context of T1DM impact the microbial communities in the lower gut, in particular through the reduction of “mouth-to-gut” transfer of Streptococcus salivarius. Our results indicate that the observed oral-cavity-driven gut microbiome changes may contribute towards the inflammatory processes involved in T1DM. Through the integration of multi-omic analyses, we resolve strain-variant “mouth-to-gut” transfer in a disease context.
Assessment of different regions of interest-based methods for [99mTc]Tc DAT-SPECT quantification using an anthropomorphic striatal phantom
Authors: Alexandre-Santos Leonardo , Trevisan Ana Carolina , Pitella Felipe Arriva , Tumas Vitor , Silvah Jose Henrique , Kato Mery , de Moraes Eder Rezende , Wichert-Ana Lauro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Molecular imaging of the dopamine transporters (DAT) provides valuable information about neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s. This study assessed the accuracy and precision of DAT-SPECT quantification methods.

Methods
Twenty-three DAT-SPECT images of a striatal phantom were acquired. The specific (caudate and putamen) and the non-specific (background activity) chambers were filled with [99mTc]Tc. Different specific-to-non-specific activity ratios (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 to 1) and the specific binding ratio (SBR) were calculated. Five methods using ROIs were assessed: (a) Manual ROIs on SPECT images; (b) TwoBox and (c) ThreeBox methods and Volume of Interest (VOI) using structural images; (d) MRI and (e) CT. Accuracy was evaluated by the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and precision by Pearson’s coefficient and linear regression.

Results
The SBR quantified in the specific and striatal chambers resulted in a CCC increase with a decrease in the nominal values. For lower SBR, MRI and CT showed higher CCCs when caudate ($$\hbox {CCC}_{\mathrm{MRI-CA}}$$

CCC

MRI
-
CA

= 0.89 e $$\hbox {CCC}_{\mathrm{CT-CA}}$$

CCC

CT
-
CA

= 0.84) and putamen ($$\hbox {CCC}_{\mathrm{MRI-PU}}$$

CCC

MRI
-
PU

= 0.86 e $$\hbox {CCC}_{\mathrm{CT-PU}}$$

CCC

CT
-
PU

= 0.82) were evaluated. For striatal assessments, the TwoBox method was the most accurate ($$\hbox {CCC}_{\mathrm{TWOBOX-ST}}$$

CCC

TWOBOX
-
ST

= 0.95). High Pearson’s coefficients were found in the correlations between all methods.

conclusions
All five methods showed high precision even when applied to images with different activities. MRI and CT were the most accurate for assessing the caudate or putamen. To assess the striatal chamber and in the absence of structural information, the TwoBox method is advisable.
Diabetogenic liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer: a case report
Authors: Kiritani Sho , Ono Yoshihiro , Takamatsu Manabu , Oba Atsushi , Sato Takafumi , Ito Hiromichi , Inoue Yosuke , Takahashi Yu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Although new-onset diabetes has been described in up to 20% of patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer, reports regarding new-onset diabetes associated with newly developed liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer are limited.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with pancreatic tail cancer without impaired glycemic control. A curative-intent distal pancreatectomy with adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy was performed. Two years after surgery, a high HbA1c concentration and solitary liver metastasis were identified on follow-up examination. Two major chemotherapy regimens, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and modified FOLFIRINOX, were sequentially administered to the patient; however, his carbohydrate 19-9 concentration continued to increase. Because the patient’s glycemic control rapidly worsened in synchrony with the tumor growth, insulin therapy was initiated. Although the liver metastasis was refractory to chemotherapy, curative-intent left hepatectomy was performed because only one tumor remained. His impaired glycemic control improved immediately after surgery, and insulin therapy was terminated. When writing this report (2 years after hepatectomy), the patient was alive and recurrence-free.

Conclusions
New-onset diabetes appeared with the progression of metachronous liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer, without recurrence at any other site. The patient’s diabetic state was improved by resection of the liver tumor, and liver metastasis itself was proven to have caused the glucometabolic disorder by increasing insulin resistance.
The complex of miRNA2861 and cell-penetrating, dimeric α-helical peptide accelerates the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nam So Hee , Lee Yan , Kim Chi-Heon , Kim Dong Eun , Yang Hee-Jin , Park Sung Bae 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The restoration of the functional ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using epigenetic modification is very promising for patients with weak osteogenesis ability. This study focused on the acceleration of osteogenesis from MSCs using microRNA (miRNA)2861 and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), LK.

Methods
We performed MSCs penetration test of complex between the LK peptides and miRNA 2861. Three different experiments were performed to investigate the effects of miRNA 2861 on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs: 1) intensity of alizarin red staining, which reflects the status of mineralization by osteoblasts; 2) gene expression related to osteoblast differentiation; and 3) confirmation of corresponding protein translation for comparison with RNA expression levels.

Results
We found that cLK effectively delivered miRNA 2861 into the cytoplasm of human MSCs and accelerated osteogenic differentiation from MSCs, as well as mineralization.

Conclusion
The complex of miRNA 2861 with LK may have a positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation from MSCs and mineralization. Therapies using miRNAs combined with LK may be good candidates for the augmentation of osteogenesis in patients.
Anatomical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical observations on the gastrointestinal tract of Gallinula chloropus (Aves: Rallidae)
Authors: Abdellatif Ahmed M. , Farag Amany , Metwally Elsayed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a wild aquatic omnivorous bird characterized by a marked resistance to harsh environmental conditions and a worldwide distribution. In this study, anatomical, morphometrical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques were employed to study the structure of the gastrointestinal tract of Gallinula chloropus.

Results
The esophagus appeared tubular with no distinct crop. Both superficial (SPG) and deep (DPG) proventricular glands were present. The DPG filled about two-thirds of the total wall thickness. Histochemically, the mucosubstances revealed mixed alcian blue-PAS positive reactions. They were mainly localized in the acini of the esophageal glands and SPG, gastric surface epithelium, duct system of DPG, and intestinal goblet cells. The highest number of goblet cells per every 1 mm2 of the intestinal mucosa was seen within the ileum and rectum, 2555 ± 468 and 2607 ± 653 respectively. Notably, glucagon immunoreactive (IR) cells were abundant in the mucosa of the small and large intestines and the proventriculus, while somatostatin IR cells were concentrated within the acini of the DPG. IR cells for the mitosis marker phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) were highest within the entire intestinal crypts and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). In contrast, cells IR for the apoptosis marker C.CASP3 were remarkable in epithelial cells at the tips of intestinal villi and in MALT, reflecting the dynamic nature of the latter mentioned structures.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study advance our knowledge of the gross and microscopic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract in wild birds and could help to enhance the productivity of Aves via improving gut health.
Consensus on the Southeast Asian management of hypotension using vasopressors and adjunct modalities during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Authors: Herbosa Grace Anne B. , Tho Nguyen Ngoc , Gapay Angelina A. , Lorsomradee Suraphong , Thang Cong Quyet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
This consensus statement presents a comprehensive and evidence-based set of guidelines that modify the general European or US guidelines for hypotension management with vasopressors during cesarean delivery. It is tailored to the Southeast Asian context in terms of local human and medical resources, health system capacity, and local values and preferences.

Methods and results
These guidelines were prepared using a methodological approach. Two principal sources were used to obtain the evidence: scientific evidence and opinion-based evidence. A team of five anesthesia experts from Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand came together to define relevant clinical questions; search for literature-based evidence using the MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane libraries; evaluate existing guidelines; and contextualize recommendations for the Southeast Asian region. Furthermore, a survey was developed and distributed among 183 practitioners in the captioned countries to gather representative opinions of the medical community and identify best practices for the management of hypotension with vasopressors during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Conclusions
This consensus statement advocates proactive management of maternal hypotension during cesarean section after spinal anesthesia, which can be detrimental for both the mother and fetus, supports the choice of phenylephrine as a first-line vasopressor and offers a perspective on the use of prefilled syringes in the Southeast Asian region, where factors such as healthcare features, availability, patient safety, and cost should be considered.
New abundant exact solutions for MCBS-nMCBS equation: Painlevé analysis and auto-Bäcklund transformation
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Saha Ray Santanu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article considers a (2 + 1)-dimensional variable coefficients combined modified Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation and a negative-order modified Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (MCBS-nMCBS) equation. The MCBS-nMCBS equation describes the progressive shallow-water waves and other physical phenomena and is very helpful in studying the wave patterns in the soliton theory. Firstly, in this article, the integrability of the considered equation is examined by the Painlevé analysis method. This approach gives the integrability components such as leading orders, resonances, and compatibility conditions. Furthermore, the Painlevé analysis method helps to generate the auto-Bäcklund transformations (ABT). By employing the ABT approach, two analytic solution families have been generated with some free parameters and functions. These solutions explain the various physical properties of the considered model and can be visualized by the 3D graphs. These graphs depict the kink-soliton, anti-kink–soliton, bright-soliton, and dark-soliton and periodic wave surfaces for the suitable parametric values.
New perspectives for fascioliasis in Upper Egypt’s new endemic region: Sociodemographic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola in humans, animals, and lymnaeid vectors
Authors: Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf , Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah , Hassan Waleed Attia , Hakami Mohammed Ageeli , Huseein Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud , Mohamed Sara Abdel-Aal , Mohamed Adnan Ahmed , Elossily Nahed Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundFascioliasis is a significant vector-borne disease that has emerged in numerous tropical and subtropical countries causing severe health problems. Egypt is one of the fascioliasis endemic regions; however, the current situation in Upper Egypt is understudied, with only sporadic human cases or outbreaks. This study aims to highlight the sociodemographic characteristics of human fascioliasis in a newly emerged endemic area in Upper Egypt, along with risk factors analysis and the molecular characteristics of the fasciolid population in humans, animals, and lymnaeid snails.Methodology/Principal findingsThe study reportedFasciolainfection in patients and their close relatives by analyzing the risk of human infection. Morphological and molecular characterization was performed on lymnaeid snails. Multigene sequencing was also used to characterize fasciolids from human cases, cattle, and pooled snail samples. The study identified asymptomaticFasciolainfection among family members and identified the presence of peridomestic animals as a significant risk factor for infection. This is the first genetic evidence thatRadix auriculariaexists as the snail intermediate host in Egypt.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study revealed that Assiut Governorate in Upper Egypt is a high-risk area for human fascioliasis that requires additional control measures.Fasciola hepaticawas the main causative agent infecting humans and snail vectors in this newly emerged endemic area. In addition, this is the first report ofR.auriculariaas the snail intermediate host transmitting fascioliasis in Upper Egypt. Further research is required to clarify the widespread distribution ofFasciolain Egypt’s various animal hosts. This provides insight into the mode of transmission, epidemiological criteria, and genetic diversity of fasciolid populations in Upper Egypt.\
Smoking cessation and obesity-related morbidities and mortality in a 20-year follow-up study
Authors: Suutari-Jääskö Asla , Ylitalo Antti , Ronkaine Justiina , Huikuri Heikki , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Ukkola Olavi H. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Smoking is the biggest preventable factor causing mortality and morbidity and the health benefits of smoking cessation are commonly known. Smoking cessation-related weight gain is well documented. We evaluated the association between smoking cessation and the incidence of obesity-related morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as mortality. We also evaluated telomere length related to smoking cessation.

Material and methods
This study was part of the OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) study. The mean follow up time among the 600 study subjects was 20 years. We divided the study subjects into four groups by smoking status (“never”, “current”, “ex-smokers” and “quit”) and analyzed their health status. “Ex-smokers” had quit smoking before baseline and “quit” quit during the follow-up time. Information about total mortality between the years 2013–2020 was also utilized.

Results
During the follow-up time systolic blood pressure decreased the most in the “current” and in the “ex-smoker” groups. Office SBP decreased the least in the “quit” group (p = 0.001). BMI increased the most in the “quit” and the least in the “ex-smokers” group (p = 0.001). No significant increases were seen in the incidence of obesity-related-diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes was seen. There was no significant difference in the shortening of telomeres. Odds of short-term mortality was increased in the “current” group (2.43 (CI 95% 1.10; 5.39)), but not in the “quit” (1.43 (CI 95% 0.73–2.80)) or “ex-smoker” (1.02 (CI 95% 0.56–1.86)) groups when compared to “never” group.

Conclusions
Even though, the blood pressure levels were unfavorable in the “quit” group, there was no significant increase in the incidence of obesity-related-diseases, and a noticeable benefit in short-term mortality was seen during the 6-year follow-up. The benefits of smoking cessation outweigh the disadvantages in the long-term.
A FEIRA DE UTILIDADES DE CLARICE LISPECTOR/HELEN PALMER E A EDUCAÇÃO DAS MULHERES NO CORREIO DA MANHÃ (1959-1961)
Authors: Neiva Renata Maria de Oliveira , Campos Raquel Discini de 
Published: December 2022

O artigo analisa a coluna Feira de Utilidades (1959-1961), criada por Clarice Lispector, sob o pseudônimo Helen Palmer, e publicada pelo impresso Correio da Manhã, um dos jornais mais lidos do país no século XX. A Feira, patrocinada pela indústria de cosméticos Pond's, era voltada para a leitura feminina e trazia textos, dicas, receitas e aconselhamentos direcionad à mulher jovem e casada, ou à procura de marido. As temáticas abordadas por Clarice/Palmer eram diversas, no entanto, todas giravam em torno de assuntos tidos como tipicamente femininos: moda, beleza, sedução, maquiagem, decoração, cuidados com o lar etc. Sob a inspiração das pesquisas relacionadas Ã História Social da Imprensa, Gênero e História da Educação feminina, o presente trabalho examinou um total de 111 colunas, buscando compreender de que forma o jornal contribuiu para um determinado tipo de educação das mulheres - bem como para a ressignificação de antigos estereótipos relacionados a elas.
As histórias em quadrinhos nas aulas de matemática
Authors: Tavares Rodrigues Tonon Sandra de Fátima 
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano de 2004, em forma de mini-curso, e envolveu
professores do ensino fundamental2, ciclos I e II, da região de Piraju, SP. Teve como objetivo envolver os alunos no mundo da leitura e da matemática, além de abordar alguns temas transversais. Para isso, foi utilizada a história em quadrinhos em contextos matemáticos. O mini-curso foi oferecido na forma de adesão e os professores comprometeram-se a aplicá-lo em pelo menos uma turma e encaminhar os resultados obtidos à assistente técnico-pedagógica de matemática da Diretoria de Ensino de Piraju. Os professores e os alunos gostaram muito da atividade, os resultados atingidos foram excelentes.
Treatment of gunshot wounds of the spine using full-endoscopic surgery: analysis of a small clinical series
Authors: Gizatullin Sh. Kh. , Aliev Z. Sh. , Stanishevsky A. V. , Kristosturov A. S. , Davydov D. V. , Onnitsev I. E. 
Published: December 2022

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the treatment of gunshot wounds of the spine using percutaneous full-endoscopic technique.Material and Methods. Three patients with gunshot shrapnel wounds of the spine were treated using percutaneous full endoscopy.Results. The patients underwent a removal of foreign bodies (metal fragments) at the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral levels of the spine using percutaneous full endoscopic surgery. The operations were carried out without complications, with minimal additional trauma to soft tissues and the spinal motion segment. In all three cases, there was a positive dynamics in the form of regression of the pain syndrome. There were no infectious complications.Conclusion. The successful use of percutaneous full endoscopy in the surgical treatment of blind shrapnel wounds of the spine is shown. The results indicate the expediency of further research and development of this area to address the issue of introducing the technique into the routine practice of treating gunshot wounds both in peacetime in neurosurgical hospitals and centers of spinal neurosurgery, and in wartime at the stages of specialized care.