bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Recent Context in Colombia in Historical and Territorial Perspective: Armed Conflict, the Havana Agreement and Its Implementation
Authors: Ríos Jerónimo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to show the evolution of the violence produced by the Colombian armed conflict from a territorial perspective. After decades of profound weakness of the Colombian state, from the end of the nineties and the beginning of the new century, a process of change in the balance of forces began to take shape. The latter, increasingly favourable to the State and not to the guerrillas, was finally consummated in the first decade of the twenty-first century thanks to a process of militarization accompanied by other factors, such as paramilitarism and assistance from the United States. However, even though a Peace Agreement was signed in 2016 with the most important guerrilla organization in the country, the FARC-EP, many of the elements that traditionally supported violence are still in force. Thus, Colombia is a state that has traditionally had more territory than sovereignty, so that the continuity of drug revenues and other illicit economies, added to the persistence of numerous armed groups—from the ELN to post-paramilitary structures—explains how in part of the traditional geography of violence, the Peace Agreement has not served to overcome many elements associated with violence, which are still unresolved in many cases.
The Long Road Towards Reconciliation: Theoretical Elements and the EU’s Contribution to Working Towards Peace
Authors: López-Martínez Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReconciliation has played an important role in all peacebuilding processes. Its importance depends on multiple factors in play and on interests that are not only material but also symbolic, ethical–political and social. In this regard, the European Union, as an international and strategic actor in Colombia in recent decades, has been supporting different peace processes in the country. In practice, this has meant understanding peace as the construction and strengthening of the rule of law, expanding the system of guarantees and openly promoting processes of transitional justice, all elements that the European Union supported with the Peace Agreement of 2016. This chapter aims to analyse the European Union’s track record in terms of peace and reconciliation in Colombia. Furthermore, it looks at the history of three European Union interventions in Colombia through the Peace Laboratories, support for the CNRR and the creation and action of the European Fund for Peace. Finally, the text includes a series of reflections and suggestions about how to continue this work in favour of reconciliation in the South American country through European external cooperation and action.
Assessing the Role of the Blue Economy in the Comprehensive Development of Lagging Coastal Areas. A Case Study of Calabria
Authors: Hamdy Nourhan , Bevilacqua Carmelina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobal warming has been having profound and wide-reaching consequences on the environment. Marine ecosystems have been at the nexus of these crises. Furthermore, the Covid-19 has exacerbated existing global inequalities across Marine sectors. Over the recent decade, Blue Growth has been considered a call for holistic management of the complex marine social-ecological system. Furthermore, it has shown the potential to coordinate efforts to combat the effects of climate change. Blue Growth industries could help accelerate recovery towards inclusive growth over the post-COVID-19 in the lagging coastal regions. Considering these premises, this study focuses on highlighting the characteristics of Blue Growth industries in Calabria – one of the lagging coastal in Southern Italy – to sustain the region’s economic development. It investigates the regional characteristics and intersectoral linkages within the Blue Growth industries. Cluster-based analysis allows us to better understand the interconnections between different sectors within the industries. The paper’s results offer new insights into Blue Growth industries’ size and specialization in Calabria. The analysis in this paper detects the gaps and potentials in the exciting sectors in Blue Growth and therefore constitutes a practical first step in a series of more comprehensive examinations of Blue Growth patterns in Calabria.
Innovation Policies in Germany: An Analysis of Tools and Impacts
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Capriati Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work proposes an analysis of the main financial and political instruments adopted in 2012–2019 in Germany to support the various forms of innovation (startups, clusters, technology transfer, university-industry partnerships, etc.). In this way, we will try to understand whether these examples of industrial innovation policy have managed to play a crucial role in reducing the development gaps between West Germany and East Germany, thus facilitating acceleration of convergence between these two territorial areas.
Planning for Sustainability: A New Unit of Spatial Planning for Driving Transition
Authors: Mise Svjetlana , Bevilacqua Carmelina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe health and climate crisis are calling for an urgent re-evaluation of concepts such as resilience and sustainability and how we measure and implement them, sifting the debate towards the role urban design and planning play in driving urban transitions. Recent studies have been introduced to investigate the dynamics of the pandemic in urban areas and the ample literature on tools and methods for measuring vulnerabilities. The paper calls for a need to re-scale urban planning down to a human level by bridging space syntax attributes with measures of resilience. It introduces a data and evidence-based approach framework for driving urban transitions utilizing risk assessment (National Risk Index) and a vulnerability measuring index (City Resilience Index) to quantify spatial attributes which foster sustainable practices. A scenario testing method is proposed to make urban design more consistent with the strategic mission of urban planning driving resilience and transition.
Technologies for Remediation of Polluted Environments: Between Classic Processes and the Challenges of New Approaches
Authors: Vrvić Miroslav 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Holocene epoch in which we live is also the Anthropocene, which is an informal chronological term that extends into the Pleistocene epoch. Various scientific evidences shows human impact on environmental pollution dates back to the age of Homo neanderthalensis, which in Europe was about 70,000–40,000 years ago (or even 400,000 years before the current epoch-BCE). The negative effects on the environment of the life activities of our distant ancestors are reflected in their active use of fire in everyday life.Later, the pollution of air, water, soil and food, accelerated and became more complicated, which led to the alarming situation in the present time and especially in the future. In the last few years, researchers have focused on poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and micro- and nano plastics (M- and NPs, respectively), as global pollutants.Environmental pollution requires technologies and processes for its protection and remediation (REM). Classical REM processes are: physical, chemical, physical-chemical and biological, and these are most often combined. The challenges of new approaches are primarily related to the application of new materials (e.g., 2D substances, such as graphene, nano materials, new catalysts) and advanced biotechnologies (e.g., enzyme engineering), nanobio/technologies, as ideal multidisciplinary approaches.Modern REM concepts are based on the principles of green chemistry and green engineering, with the aim of "closing the loop" of the circular economy and fulfilling the unsustainable 2030 sustainable development (SD) agenda, which in real time coordinates can only be: smart development.
Semiclassical Einstein equations from holography and boundary dynamics
Authors: Ishibashi Akihiro , Maeda Kengo , Okamura Takashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider how to formulate semiclassical problems in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, based on the proposal of Compere and Marolf. Our prescription involves the effective action with self-action term for boundary dynamical fields, which can be viewed as imposing mixed boundary conditions for the gravity dual. We derive the semiclassical Einstein equations sourced by boundary CFT stress-energy tensor. Analyzing perturbations of the holographic semiclassical Einstein equations, we find a universal parameter γd which controls the contribution from boundary CFTs and specifies dynamics on the AdS boundary. As a simple example, we examine the semiclassical Einstein equations in 3-dimensions with 4-dimensional AdS gravity dual, and show that the boundary BTZ black hole with vanishing expectation value of the stress-energy tensor becomes unstable due to the backreaction from quantum stress-energy tensor when the parameter γd exceeds a certain critical value.
On the spread of entanglement at finite cutoff
Authors: Coleman Evan , Soni Ronak M. , Yang Sungyeon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study how entanglement spreads in the boundary duals of finite-cutoff three-dimensional theories with positive, negative and zero cosmological constant, the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 two-dimensional theories. We first study the Hawking-Page transition in all three cases, and find that there is a transition in all three scenarios at the temperature where the lengths of the two cycles of the torus are the same. We then study the entanglement entropy in the thermofield double states above the Hawking-Page transition, of regions symmetrically placed on the two boundaries. We consider the case where the region is one interval on each side, and the case where it is two intervals on each side. We give an entanglement tsunami interpretation of the time-evolution of the entanglement entropies.
DE-type little strings from glued brane webs
Authors: Wei Xing-Yue , Sugimoto Yuji , Yagi Futoshi , Kim Sung-Soo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose brane web configurations for D-type and E-type $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
=(1,0) little string theories based on a trivalent or quadrivalent gluing of 5-brane web diagrams. Tri-/quadri-valent gluing is a powerful way of computing 5d/6d partition functions for supersymmetric gauge theories based on the topological vertex. We generalize the gluing techniques to little string theories by introducing a new compact direction and compute their supersymmetric partition functions on Omega-deformed ℝ4×T2. As concrete examples, we consider little string theories arising from Type IIB NS5-branes probing D4 or D5 singularity. Their effective gauge theory descriptions as the affine D4 or D5 quiver gauge theory can be realized with quadrivalent or trivalent gluing, respectively. Based on these gluings of 5-brane webs, we compute their refined partition functions and compare them with the known results. We extend the computation of the partition function to little string theory engineered from IIB NS5-branes probing E6 singularity based on a trivalent gluing. We also discuss the generalization to higher rank cases and the symmetries of the partition functions.
Development of a rapid, efficient, and reusable magnetic bead-based immunocapture system for recombinant human procollagen type II isolation from yeast fermentation broth
Authors: Lioi Martina , Tengattini Sara , Bagatin Francesca , Galliani Stefano , Daly Simona , Massolini Gabriella , Temporini Caterina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecombinant collagen production, especially using yeasts as expression systems, could represent a promising alternative over traditional extractive methods from animal sources, offering controllable, scalable, and high-quality products. Monitoring the efficiency and efficacy of procollagen/collagen expression, especially in the initial fermentation phases, can be difficult and time consuming, as biological matrices necessitate purification and commonly used analytical methods are only partially informative. We propose a straightforward, efficient, and reusable immunocapture system able to specifically isolate human procollagen type II from fermentation broths and to release it in few experimental steps. A recovered sample allows for a detailed characterization providing information on structural identity and integrity, which can strongly support the monitoring of fermentation processes. The immunocapture system relies on the use of protein A–coated magnetic beads which have been functionalized and cross-linked with a human anti-procollagen II antibody (average immobilization yield of 97.7%) to create a stable and reusable support for the specific procollagen fishing. We set up the binding and release conditions ensuring specific and reproducible binding with a synthetic procollagen antigen. The absence of non-specific interaction with the support and binding specificity was demonstrated, and the latter was also confirmed by a peptide mapping epitope study in reversed-phase liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (RP-LC-HRMS). The bio-activated support proved to be reusable and stable over 21 days from the initial use. Finally, the system was successfully tested on a raw yeast fermentation sample to provide a proof of concept of the applicability within recombinant collagen production.
Graphical Abstract
Multi-objective Allocation Optimization of Soil Conservation Measures Under Data Uncertainty
Authors: Hildemann Moritz , Pebesma Edzer , Verstegen Judith Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany regions worldwide face soil loss rates that endanger future food supply. Constructing soil and water conservation measures reduces soil loss but comes with high labor costs. Multi-objective optimization allows considering both soil loss rates and labor costs, however, required spatial data contain uncertainties. Spatial data uncertainty has not been considered for allocating soil and water conservation measures. We propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm with stochastic objective functions considering uncertain soil and precipitation variables to overcome this gap. We conducted the study in three rural areas in Ethiopia. Uncertain precipitation and soil properties propagate to uncertain soil loss rates with values that range up to 14%. Uncertain soil properties complicate the classification into stable or unstable soil, which affects estimating labor requirements. The obtained labor requirement estimates range up to 15 labor days per hectare. Upon further analysis of common patterns in optimal solutions, we conclude that the results can help determine optimal final and intermediate construction stages and that the modeling and the consideration of spatial data uncertainty play a crucial role in identifying optimal solutions.
Business process modeling language selection for research modelers
Authors: Farshidi Siamak , Kwantes Izaak Beer , Jansen Slinger 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBusiness process modeling is a crucial aspect of domains such as Business Process Management and Software Engineering. The availability of various BPM languages in the market makes it challenging for process modelers to select the best-fit BPM language for a specific process modeling task. A decision model is necessary to systematically capture and make scattered knowledge on BPM languages available for reuse by process modelers and academics. This paper presents a decision model for the BPM language selection problem in research projects. The model contains mappings of 72 BPM features to 23 BPM languages. We validated and refined the decision model through 10 expert interviews with domain experts from various organizations. We evaluated the efficiency, validity, and generality of the decision model by conducting four case studies of academic research projects with their original researchers. The results confirmed that the decision model supports process modelers in the selection process by providing more insights into the decision process. Based on the empirical evidence from the case studies and domain expert feedback, we conclude that having the knowledge readily available in the decision model supports academics in making more informed decisions that align with their preferences and prioritized requirements. Furthermore, the captured knowledge provides a comprehensive overview of BPM languages, features, and quality characteristics that other researchers can employ to tackle future research challenges. Our observations indicate that BPMN is a commonly used modeling language for process modeling. Therefore, it is more sensible for academics to explain why they did not select BPMN than to discuss why they chose it for their research project(s).
Owner attitudes and landscape parameters drive stand structure and valuable habitats in small-scale private forests of Lower Saxony (Germany)
Authors: Hansen Peter , Tiebel Malin , Plieninger Tobias , Mölder Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmall-scale private forests cover large areas in Europe and often contain structures and habitats of high nature conservation value that are increasingly put under pressure due to a rising interest in fuelwood and wood products. We investigate the distribution of variables like living tree and deadwood volumes, management intensity, diversity and density of tree-related microhabitats recorded in 81 small-scale private forest parcels in the Lower Saxon Hills (northwest Germany). We provide an assessment of the influence of predictors like the individual forest owners’ goals and activities, as stated by them in a quantitative survey, as well as landscape parameters like parcel size, slope, landscape fragmentation and forest continuity. Our results indicate that there are two types of structures of conservation value in small-scale private forests: slowly evolving structures (type A) like large-diameter living trees and tree-related microhabitats which mostly depend on landscape parameters that act on longer time scales, and fast evolving structures (type B) like deadwood that are influenced by both owner attitudes and landscape parameters. The resulting implications for integrative forest and conservation management are discussed. When considering the conservation of the slowly evolving type A structures, long-term commitments to conservation legislation, financial incentives and generation-spanning education of forest owners are necessary. Efforts to promote the faster evolving type B structures might prove particularly advantageous in small-scale private forests given the structural diversity of the stands, but also the often strong identification of owners with their land.Graphical abstract
Ecological monitoring of disturbed mountain peatlands: an analysis based on desmids
Authors: Neustupa Jiri , Stastny Jan , Woodard Katerina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOmbrogenous peat bogs at lower altitudes of the Bohemian Massif occur close to their natural climatic limits in the Northern Hemisphere. They have been significantly affected by peat extraction and severe acidification. Recently, climate change effects, such as decreased snow cover and summer heat waves, have resulted in frequent seasonal desiccation of these habitats, indicating their ongoing transition into a different ecological state. Biomonitoring may provide insight into these rapidly changing ecosystems and identify key habitats for biodiversity conservation. The present study focused on the community structure of desmids, one of the most frequent groups of peatland phytobenthos. In total, 207 sites were sampled from the Ore Mts. (Czech Republic) at the altitude range of 750–850 m a.s.l. A modification of the desmid-based nature conservation value (NCV) index was devised to account for the differences among the observed strongly acidic habitats. In the fragments of ombrogenous bogs, which currently cover less than 3% of the area, several ecologically sensitive taxa, such as Cosmarium sphagnicolum and Staurastrum scabrum, were recorded. These taxa did not occur in other habitat types. In addition, the NCV indices of the bog samples were consistently higher than those of the restored pools created in the disturbed bog areas. However, the highest species richness was recorded in several slightly acidic ponds and sinkholes, which were often located outside the existing protected areas. Thus, we concluded that future conservation strategies should consider the remaining bogs and anthropogenic sites as habitats with relatively high ecological values.
Genetic diversity and origin of captive lion (Panthera leo) in South Africa: an assessment and comparison to wild populations
Authors: Miller Susan M. , Kotze Antoinette , Harper Cindy K. , Bishop Jacqueline M. , Williams Vivienne L. , Rossouw Charné , Schoeman Johanita , de Bruyn Marli , Dalton Desiré Lee , Selier S. A. Jeanetta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSouth Africa has a large captive lion (Panthera leo) sector, but detailed knowledge on the origin of individuals and any potential genetic value to conservation targets is lacking. In 2021, the South African government committed to closing the sector and have since appointed a Ministerial Lion Task Team (2022) to initiate this process. Some have suggested that captive lions could be integrated into wild populations as part of the process but information on the genetic origins and diversity of captive lions is critical if this is to be explored further. Both the Biodiversity Management Plan for lions in South Africa (2015) and a High-Level Ministerial report for the South African government (2021) have called for more information on the genetic composition of captive lions. To determine the probable origin of captive lions in South Africa we summarised existing survey responses from captive facilities (collected 2017–2018) and CITES permit data (issued 1991–2019). Survey data suggest that most lions were sourced from within the South African captive sector. However, many CITES permits were also issued for the import of lions from across Africa and beyond, indicating possible mixed origins within the sector. To evaluate genetic relationships between captive and wild lions in South Africa we standardised existing microsatellite marker data from three laboratories and analysed genotypes of captive lions from 31 properties. A comparison of captive and wild lion genotypes revealed that the genetic composition of captive lions is currently comparable to existing wild South African lions. Captive lions cluster with similar probabilities to three of four regional reference populations of wild lions included in the study and no major signatures of inbreeding were identified. However, captive lions are highly genetically interconnected across properties and represent a smaller effective population size compared to Kruger National Park, the largest population of wild lions in South Africa, suggesting some risk of future inbreeding. There were also signatures of genetic drift which should be investigated further as it will likely compromise any potential conservation genetic value of captive lions in the future. The findings of this study should be considered when planning the fate of individuals within South Africa’s captive lion sector and within the broader context of African lion conservation.