bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cracking the enigma: understanding strigolactone signalling in the rhizosphere
Authors: Clark Jed , Bennett Tom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The rhizosphere is a complex physical and chemical interface between plants and their underground environment, both biotic and abiotic. Plants exude a large number of chemicals into the rhizosphere in order to manipulate these biotic and abiotic components. Among such chemicals are strigolactones, ancient signalling molecules that in flowering plants act as both internal hormones and external rhizosphere signals. Plants exude strigolactones to communicate with their preferred symbiotic partners and neighbouring plants, but at least some classes of parasitic organisms are able to ‘crack’ these private messages and eavesdrop on the signals. In this review, we examine the intentional consequences of strigolactone exudation, and also the unintentional consequences caused by eavesdroppers. We examine the molecular mechanisms by which strigolactones act within the rhizosphere, and attempt to understand the enigma of the strigolactone molecular diversity synthesized and exuded into the rhizosphere by plants. We conclude by looking at the prospects of using improved understanding of strigolactones in agricultural contexts.
Sirtuin 2 inhibition modulates chromatin landscapes genome-wide to induce senescence in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma
Authors: Malgulwar Prit Benny , Danussi Carla , Dharmaiah Sharvari , Johnson William , Singh Anand , Rai Kunal , Rao Arvind , Huse Jason T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Functional inactivation of ATRX characterizes large subgroups of malignant gliomas in adults and children. ATRX deficiency in glioma induces widespread chromatin remodeling, driving transcriptional shifts and oncogenic phenotypes. Effective strategies to therapeutically target these broad epigenomic sequelae remain undeveloped.

Methods
We utilized integrated multiomics and the Broad Institute Connectivity Map (CMAP) to identify drug candidates that could potentially revert ATRX-deficient transcriptional changes. We then employed disease-relevant experimental models to evaluate functional phenotypes, coupling these studies with epigenomic profiling to elucidate molecular mechanism(s).

Results
CMAP analysis and transcriptional/epigenomic profiling implicated the Class III HDAC Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) as a central mediator of ATRX-deficient cellular phenotypes and a driver of unfavorable prognosis in ATRX-deficient glioma. SIRT2 inhibitors reverted Atrx-deficient transcriptional signatures in murine neuroepithelial progenitor cells (mNPCs), impaired cell migration in Atrx/ATRX-deficient mNPCs and human glioma stem cells (GSCs), and increased expression of senescence markers in glioma models. Moreover, SIRT2 inhibition impaired growth and increased senescence in ATRX-deficient GSCs in vivo. These effects were accompanied by genome-wide shifts in enhancer-associated H3K27ac and H4K16ac marks, with the latter in particular demonstrating compelling transcriptional links to SIRT2-dependent phenotypic reversals. Motif analysis of these data identified the transcription factor KLF16 as a mediator of phenotype reversal in Atrx-deficient cells upon SIRT2 inhibition.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that SIRT2 inhibition selectively targets ATRX-deficient gliomas for senescence through global chromatin remodeling, while demonstrating more broadly a viable approach to combat complex epigenetic rewiring in cancer.
A Retrospective Genomic Landscape of 661 Young Adult Glioblastomas Diagnosed Using 2016 WHO Guidelines for Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Haberberger James F , Pegram Worthy , Britt Nicholas , Schiavone Kelsie , Severson Eric , Sharaf Radwa , Albacker Lee A , Williams Erik , Lechpammer Mirna , Hemmerich Amanda , Lin Douglas , Huang Richard S P , Hiemenz Matthew , Elvin Julia , Graf Ryon , Lesser Glenn , Kram David , Strowd Roy , Bi Wenya Linda , Ramkissoon Lori A , Cohen Michael B , Reddy Prasanth , Creeden James , Ross Jeffrey S , Alexander Brian M , Ramkissoon Shakti H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The authors present a cohort of 661 young adult glioblastomas diagnosed using 2016 WHO World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to explore their genomic landscape and assess their relationship to currently defined disease entities. This analysis explored variants with evidence of pathogenic function, common copy number variants (CNVs), and several novel fusion events not described in literature. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) mutational signatures, anatomic location, and tumor recurrence are further explored. Using data collected from CGP, unsupervised machine-learning techniques were leveraged to identify 10 genomic classes in previously assigned young adult glioblastomas. The authors relate these molecular classes to current World Health Organization guidelines and reference current literature to give therapeutic and prognostic descriptions where possible.
Machine learning reveals the waggle drift’s role in the honey bee dance communication system
Authors: Dormagen David M , Wild Benjamin , Wario Fernando , Landgraf Tim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The honey bee waggle dance is one of the most prominent examples of abstract communication among animals: successful foragers convey new resource locations to interested followers via characteristic “dance” movements in the nest, where dances advertise different locations on different overlapping subregions of the “dance floor.” To this day, this spatial separation has not been described in detail, and it remains unknown how it affects the dance communication. Here, we evaluate long-term recordings of Apis mellifera foraging at natural and artificial food sites. Using machine learning, we detect and decode waggle dances, and we individually identify and track dancers and dance followers in the hive and at artificial feeders. We record more than a hundred thousand waggle phases, and thousands of dances and dance-following interactions to quantitatively describe the spatial separation of dances on the dance floor. We find that the separation of dancers increases throughout a dance and present a motion model based on a positional drift of the dancer between subsequent waggle phases that fits our observations. We show that this separation affects follower bees as well and results in them more likely following subsequent dances to similar food source locations, constituting a positive feedback loop. Our work provides evidence that the positional drift between subsequent waggle phases modulates the information that is available to dance followers, leading to an emergent optimization of the waggle dance communication system.
Making ends meet – relating a self-reported indicator of financial hardship to health status
Authors: Homer Kate , Taylor Jayne , Miller Alexander , Pickett Kate , Wilson Lucy , Robson John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Area-based index of multiple deprivation (IMD) indicators of financial hardship lack individual specificity and sensitivity. This study compared self-reports of hardship with area measures in relation to health status.

Methods
Interviews in one London Borough, reported financial hardship and health status. Associations of health status with most and least deprived quintiles of the IMD 2015 were compared with self-reported hardship; always or sometimes ‘having difficulty making ends meet at the end of the month’ in relation to never.

Results
1024 interviews reported hardship status in 1001 (98%). 392 people (39%) reported they ‘always’ or ‘sometimes’ had hardship. In multivariate analysis, self-reported hardship was more strongly associated with smoking; odds ratio = 5.4 (95% CI: 2.8–10.4) compared with IMD, odds ratio = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2–3.2). Health impairment was also more likely with self-reported hardship, odds ratio = 11.1 (95% CI: 4.9–25.4) compared with IMD; odds ratio = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.4–5.3). Depression was similarly related; odds ratio = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0–5.6) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.2–6.6), respectively.

Conclusions
Self-reported hardship was more strongly related to health status than area-based indicators. Validity and implementation in routine health care settings remains to be established.
Significant nailfold capillary loss and late capillaroscopic pattern are associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis
Authors: De Angelis Rossella , Riccieri Valeria , Cipolletta Edoardo , Del Papa Nicoletta , Ingegnoli Francesca , Bosello Silvia , Spinella Amelia , Pellegrino Greta , de Pinto Marco , Papa Silvia , Armentaro Giuseppe , Giuggioli Dilia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate differences in nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) findings between SSc patients with and without a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods
One hundred and ten SSc patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional, case–control, multicentre study. Patients were divided into cases (SSc-PAH confirmed by right heart catheterization) and controls (SSc-nonPAH with low probability of PAH). NVC patterns (early, active and late) and morphological parameters (microvascular density, non-specific abnormalities, giant capillaries, micro-haemorrhages, avascular areas) were considered using a semiquantitative scoring system.

Results
SSc-PAH patients showed higher frequencies of late pattern (P &lt; 0.01), non-specific abnormalities (P &lt; 0.01), lower capillary density (P &lt; 0.01), higher avascular areas (P &lt; 0.01) and a higher mean NVC score (P &lt; 0.01). Contrarily, the early/active pattern (P &lt; 0.01) and a higher rate of micro-haemorrhages (P = 0.04) were more frequent in non-PAH patients. By a multivariate analysis, SSc-PAH patients, compared with non-PAH, had more non-specific abnormalities [27/55, 49.1% vs 10/55, 18.2%; adjusted odd ratio (OR) 16.89; 95% CI: 3.06, 93.16], a lower capillary density (grade 3, 20/55, 36.4% vs 5/55, 9.1%; adjusted OR 38.33; 95% CI: 2.34, 367.80) and avascular areas (18/55, 32.7% vs 10/55, 18.2%; adjusted OR 16.90; 95% CI: 2.64, 44.35). A correlation was found between the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and avascular areas (P &lt; 0.01), capillary density (P &lt; 0.01) and non-specific abnormalities (P &lt; 0.01). A clinical model including the NVC variables may be able to predict a diagnosis of PAH.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the distinctive peripheral microcirculatory injury of SSc, i.e. capillary loss and morphological abnormalities, appear more severe and pronounced in patients with SSc-PAH.
Improved Cryopreservation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) and iPSC-derived Neurons Using Ice-Recrystallization Inhibitors
Authors: Alasmar Salma , Huang Jez , Chopra Karishma , Baumann Ewa , Aylsworth Amy , Hewitt Melissa , Sandhu Jagdeep K , Tauskela Joseph S , Ben Robert N , Jezierski Anna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-Ns) represent a differentiated modality toward developing novel cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. However, the successful application of iPSC-Ns in cell-replacement therapies relies on effective cryopreservation. In this study, we investigated the role of ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) as novel cryoprotectants for iPSCs and terminally differentiated iPSC-Ns. We found that one class of IRIs, N-aryl-D-aldonamides (specifically 2FA), increased iPSC post-thaw viability and recovery with no adverse effect on iPSC pluripotency. While 2FA supplementation did not significantly improve iPSC-N cell post-thaw viability, we observed that 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns re-established robust neuronal network activity and synaptic function much earlier compared to CS10 cryopreserved controls. The 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns retained expression of key neuronal specific and terminally differentiated markers and displayed functional electrophysiological and neuropharmacological responses following treatment with neuroactive agonists and antagonists. We demonstrate how optimizing cryopreservation media formulations with IRIs represents a promising strategy to improve functional cryopreservation of iPSCs and post-mitotic iPSC-Ns, the latter of which have been challenging to achieve. Developing IRI enabling technologies to support an effective cryopreservation and an efficiently managed cryo-chain is fundamental to support the delivery of successful iPSC-derived therapies to the clinic.
A predictive score for severity in patients with confirmed dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India
Authors: Haridas Sruthi , M Gopalakrishna Pillai , Bhaskaran Renjitha 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe study aimed to identify predictors of severe dengue during the 2017 epidemic and to develop and validate a simple predictive score for severity.MethodsA retrospective analytical study was conducted using clinical and laboratory data from adult dengue patients with a confirmed microbiological diagnosis. The study included patients who presented to a tertiary care centre in Kerala, India, during the febrile phase (≤4 d) between June 2017 and February 2019. Using appropriate statistical tests, we derived predictors of severe disease and computed a risk score model.ResultsOf the 153 patients (mean age 50±17 y; 64% males), 31 (20%) had severe dengue and 4 (3%) died. Petechial lesions, hypoalbuminemia (&lt;3.5 g/dl), elevated alanine aminotransferase (&gt;40 IU/l) and urea &gt;40 IU/l were significant predictors. Our scoring system (cut-off: 2) showed excellent performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.9741, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96% and accuracy of 98%. The risk score was secondarily validated on 48 patients hospitalized from March 2019 to June 2019.ConclusionOur scoring system is easy to implement and will help primary healthcare practitioners in promptly identifying severe dengue cases upon hospital presentation.
“Dangerous in the Minds of Barrio People”: Empowering Bicultural Latino Identity on Spanish-Language Television in Los Angeles, 1960–1990
Authors: Parra Carlos Francisco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the bicultural Latino identity-building discourses promoted by TV stations KMEX Channel 34 (Spanish International Network/Univision) and KVEA Channel 52 (Telemundo) through news and public affairs programming in metropolitan Los Angeles, home of the United States’s largest concentration of Latinas and Latinos. The two stations’ news and public affairs shows are historically significant for being their most extensive locally produced content and offering a valuable audio/visual representation of Latino Southern California’s cultural development from the early 1960s to late 1980s. Both stations reflected their social context, broadcasting to an overwhelmingly Mexican-heritage audience; but producers and investors at KMEX-34 and KVEA-52 also consciously sought a wider Spanish-speaking audience in Southern California by framing viewers as politically empowered bicultural U.S. Latino subjects defined by a positive affirmation of their cultural background (broadly inclusive of all of Latin America) and their integration into U.S. life through participation in electoral politics and other civic processes. Combining archival research consisting of early scripts, office memoranda, program reviews, viewer letters, oral history interviews, and analysis of extant video recordings preserved in the UCLA Film and Television Archive’s News and Public Affairs Collection, I historicize the ways locally produced programming on Spanish-language TV framed and promoted notions of an additive and empowering bicultural U.S. Latino identity.
Recent advances in precision medicine for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Alberto , Bullinger Lars 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, in which treatment response and patient survival are highly conditioned by the leukemia biology. The aim of this review is to summarize recent advances in AML classification, risk stratification models, measurable residual disease (MRD) and the increasing number of treatment options that are paving the way towards precision medicine in AML.

Recent findings
AML classification and risk stratification were recently updated by incorporating novel molecular markers that are important for diagnosis and outcome prediction. In addition, the impact of co-mutational patterns is under investigation and novel approaches using machine learning algorithms are starting to be used for individualized risk estimation. Molecular markers are also becoming useful in predicting response to non-intensive treatments. MRD informs of treatment response with high sensitivity, allowing dynamic patient risk assessment and early intervention. Finally, important advances were made in AML therapy, with an increasing number of targeted therapies becoming available and many novel treatment approaches being under development with promising early results.

Summary
A better understanding of AML biology is leading to improved risk stratification and important advances in treatments, which are allowing the development of precision medicine in AML at an unprecedented pace.
Surrogate endpoints for HTA decisions of breast cancer drugs: utility and pitfalls
Authors: Wright Kristin , Mittal Abhenil , Gyawali Bishal 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Health technology assessment (HTA) of cancer drugs is important to identify whether drugs should be publicly funded. With increasing use of surrogate end points in clinical trials including breast cancer, a review of literature was done to synthesize evidence for validation of these surrogate end points and their potential role in HTA decisions pertaining to breast cancer.

Findings
Disease free survival (DFS) in human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) positive early breast cancer remains the only validated surrogate end point. Other surrogate end points like pathological complete response (pCR) and event free survival (EFS) in early breast cancer (EBC) and objective response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS) in advanced disease have not been validated for overall survival (OS). Moreover, surrogate end points for quality of life (QOL) have not been established and drugs that improve PFS can have detrimental effect on QOL. End points like pCR have excellent prognostic utility in individual patients but have weak correlation with survival at trial level.

Summary
Most surrogate end points used in breast cancer do not predict OS or QOL which makes it challenging to use them for decisions regarding public funding of cancer drugs. These findings are relevant to HTA agencies prior to making drug reimbursement decisions.
Clinical utility of genomic signatures for the management of early and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Castellano Grazia , Giugliano Federica , Curigliano Giuseppe , Marra Antonio 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
This comprehensive review aims to provide timely and relevant insights into the current therapeutic landscape for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the molecular features underlying this subtype. It emphasizes the need for more reliable biomarkers to refine prognostication and optimize therapy, considering the aggressive nature of TNBC and its limited targeted treatment options.

Recent findings
The review explores the multidisciplinary management of early TNBC, which typically involves systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. It highlights the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) as promising therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Recent clinical trials investigating the use of ICIs in combination with chemotherapy and the approval of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab for PD-L1-positive metastatic TNBC are discussed. The efficacy of PARP inhibitors and ADCs in treating TNBC patients with specific genetic alterations is also highlighted.

Summary
The findings discussed in this review have significant implications for clinical practice and research in TNBC. The identification of distinct molecular subtypes through gene expression profiling has enabled a better understanding of TNBC heterogeneity and its clinical implications. This knowledge has the potential to guide treatment decisions, as different subtypes display varying responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of developing reliable genomic and transcriptomic signatures as biomarkers to refine patient prognostication and optimize therapy selection in TNBC. Integrating these signatures into clinical practice may lead to more personalized treatment approaches, improving outcomes for TNBC patients.
Safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet 2 h versus overnight fasting before non-emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A single-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Wenbo , Leung Joseph W. , Wang Zhenyu , Li Qiyong , Zhang Leida , Zhang Kai , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Meng , Wang Qi , Shao Yingmei , Zhang Jijun , Yue Ping , Zhang Lei , Zhu Kexiang , Zhu Xiaoliang , Zhang Hui , Hou Senlin , Cai Kailin , Sun Hao , Xue Ping , Liu Wei , Wang Haiping , Zhang Li , Ding Songming , Yang Zhiqing , Zhang Ming , Weng Hao , Wu Qingyuan , Chen Bendong , Jiang Tiemin , Wang Yingkai , Zhang Lichao , Wu Ke , Yang Xue , Wen Zilong , Liu Chun , Miao Long , Wang Zhengfeng , Li Jiajia , Yan Xiaowen , Wang Fangzhao , Zhang Lingen , Bai Mingzhen , Mi Ningning , Zhang Xianzhuo , Zhou Wence , Yuan Jinqiu , Suzuki Azumi , Tanaka Kiyohito , Liu Jiankang , Nur Ula , Weiderpass Elisabete , Li Xun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet (CFD) intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients' recovery.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers. A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group (n = 665) and fasting group (n = 665). The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP, while the control group abstained from food/water overnight (>6 h) before ERCP. All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol. The investigators were blinded but not the patients. The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score, and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators. The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle.

Results:
The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h (4.1 ± 2.6 vs. 4.8 ± 2.8, t = 4.23, P <0.001) and 20 h (2.4 ± 2.1 vs. 3.4 ± 2.4, t = 7.94, P <0.001) in the CFD group, with least-squares mean differences of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.71, P <0.001) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57–0.95, P <0.001), respectively. The 4-h pain scores (2.1 ± 1.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.7, t = 2.60, P = 0.009, with a least-squares mean difference of 0.21 [95% CI: 0.05–0.37]) and positive urine ketone levels (7.7% [39/509] vs. 15.4% [82/533], χ
2 = 15.13, P <0.001) were lower in the CFD group. The CFD group had significantly less cholangitis (2.1% [13/634] vs. 4.0% [26/658], χ
2 = 3.99, P = 0.046) but not pancreatitis (5.5% [35/634] vs. 6.5% [43/658], χ
2 = 0.59, P = 0.444). Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.028) in the multivariable models.

Conclusion:
Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe, with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue, abdominal pain, and cholangitis during recovery.

Trail Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT03075280.