bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidized LDL Regulates Endothelin-1 and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Role of Extracellular Regulated Kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)
Authors: Xu Haishan , Duan Jinhong , Tao Jun , Wang Wen , Wu Yunqing , Dai Shunling , Ren Jun 
Published: June 2023

Article
Oxidized LDL Regulates Endothelin-1 and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Role of Extracellular Regulated Kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)

Haishan Xu 1,#, Jinhong Duan 1,#, Jun Tao 2, Wen Wang 3, Yunqing Wu 1,^, Shunling Dai 1,*, and Jun Ren 4,5,

1 Faculty of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005 China
2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000 China
3 Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
4 Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
5 National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
# These two authors contributed equally to this work
^ Deceased
* Correspondence: daishunling@aliyun.com (Shunling Dai); corresponding author:jren_aldh2@outlook.com (Jun Ren)

Abstract: It is perceived that oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) perturbs endothelial function and fosters endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study was designed to decipher potential mechanisms underscoring oxLDL-evoked regulation of ET-1 and signaling pathways involved in endothelial cells. ET-1 mRNA expression, secretion and promoter function were determined using RT-PCR, enzyme immunometric and luciferase assays, respectively. GO and GSEA bioinformatics analyses depicted differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly associated with cell proliferation, cell division, cellular structure, energy supply, and apoptosis in oxLDL-challenged endothelial cells. Incubation of oxLDL overtly increased ROS production, apoptosis, mRNA level, secretion and promoter activity of ET-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effects were mitigated by N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). Moreover, oxLDL challenge evoked phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) in HUVECs, the effect was reversed by NAC and MEK inhibitor PD98059. NAC and PD98059 nullified oxLDL- induced rises in mRNA expression, secretion and promoter activity of ET-1. Truncation of 5’-flanking sequence of ET-1 (–566 bpLuc to –250 bpLuc) displayed elevated luciferase activity with 24-h oxLDL incubation. Fusion plasmid from –233 and –185 bp Luc drastically dampened luciferase activity in basal and oxLDL-challenged HUVECs. Transfection of reporter construct –250 bp Luc with a 2 bp mutation at AP-1 locus, removed basal and oxLDL- evoked rises in ET-1 promoter activity. Collectively, our findings support that oxLDL evoked activation of ERK1/2 signaling likely through ROS production, en route to upregulation of endothelial transcriptional factor AP-1, resulting in expression and secretion of ET-1.
Recent Advances in Natural Plant-based Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yang Peixun , Liu Minxuan , Fan Xiaoxue , Zhang Xinzhuang , Cao Liang , Wang Zhenzhong , Xiao Wei 
Published: June 2023

Review
Recent Advances in Natural Plant-based Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Peixun Yang 1,3,4, Minxuan Liu 2,3,4, Xiaoxue Fan 3,4, Xinzhuang Zhang 3,4, Liang Cao 3,4, Zhenzhong Wang 3,4, and Wei Xiao 3,4, *

1 Kanion School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China
2 School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China
3 National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
4 Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Jiangning Industrial City, Economic and Technological Development Zone of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
* Correspondence: xw_kanion@163.com ( Wei Xiao)

Received: 23 March 2023
Accepted: 10 May 2023

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CDV) is the primary cause of death in the world, and myocardial ischemia (MI) is one of the high-risk CVDs. The myocardial blood supply must be restored as soon as possible to reduce the mortality risk, however, reperfusion itself paradoxically leads to further death of cardiomyocytes and increases the infarct size; this is known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). The pathological mechanism of MIRI is complex, and current research mainly focuses on oxidative stress, dysfunctional mitochondrial energy metabolism, Ca 2+ overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and the inflammatory response. This review briefly summarizes the mechanism of MIRI, and natural plant product (NPP) components proven to ameliorate MIRI and their related signaling pathways. NPPs can alleviate MIRI by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, ERs, Ca 2+ overload and mitochondrial function maintenance. This review will deepen our understanding of how NPPs reduce MIRI and the future value of NPPs in cardio-protection.
Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycan in Fibrotic Diseases: New Frenemies?
Authors: Guo Jiayu , Wang Yan , Liang Haihai , Yang Baofeng 
Published: June 2023

Review
Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycan in Fibrotic Diseases: New Frenemies?

Jiayu Guo 1,2, Yan Wang 1,2, Haihai Liang 1,2,3,*, and Baofeng Yang 1,2,3,*

1 Department of Pharmacology (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
2 Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
3 Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
* Correspondence: lianghaihai@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn (H.H.L),; yangbf@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn (B.F.Y)

Received: 27 April 2023
Accepted: 2 June 2023

Abstract: The human body is a complex organism with self-regulating ability and can cope with external pressures and challenges. To protect the body from damage during exercise or confrontations, beneath the human epidermal layer, the human body has evolved a coverall gown: the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM provides a suitable space for the survival and activity of cells in the body, and affects the behavior of cells through signal transduction system. Proteoglycans, particularly the small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, have been shown to be molecules that play important roles in matrix remodeling and organ fibrosis, such as by affecting ECM components or altering the intracellular environment. But in recent years reports of SLRP families, their manifestations in different organs have not been consistent. Recent studies suggest that proteoglycans entering the blood in a soluble form hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers of organ fibrosis and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for fibrotic diseases. Herein, we discuss and review studies of SLRPs in multi-organ fibrotic diseases.
L’IDENTITÀ SOCIO-CULTURALE DELLE COMUNITÀ DI ITALIANI NELL’EUROPA CENTRO ORIENTALE. UN’INTRODUZIONE
Authors: Ricci Antonio 
Published: June 2023

L’articolo tratta delle comunità di italiani che si sono formate in diversi paesi dell’Europa centro orientale a partire dal medioevo e dall’età moderna, prestando particolare attenzione a quelle che si sono consolidate nel periodo tra la fine del XIX secolo e la prima metà del XX secolo. Nate spesso in alternativa alle mete tradizionali d’oltreoceano e dell’Europa settentrionale, nel corso del tempo queste comunità hanno conosciuto storie diverse, alcune hanno scelto di tornare in Italia, altre invece sono rimaste, assimilandosi o preservando la propria identità socio-culturale e diventando minoranze etniche. Il periodo del socialismo reale ha rappresentato per molti italiani un periodo di isolamento e di perdita della propria identità. Con la caduta del muro di Berlino, le vicende di queste comunità di “italiani dimenticati” si sono intrecciate ai flussi migratori dei cosiddetti global migrant dei nostri giorni. L’articolo approfondisce quindi caso-studio dell’emigrazione degli italiani in Romania nell’Ottocento, che ha avuto un forte impatto sull’economia e sulla cultura dei due paesi. All’epoca i lavoratori italiani erano richiesti per le loro abilità in vari settori e questo ha creato legami culturali e sociali tra i due paesi la cui eco si riverbera sull’attuale immigrazione romena in Italia.

The socio-cultural identity of Italian communities in Central and Eastern Europe. An introduction
The article deals with the Italian communities that were formed in various countries of Central and Eastern Europe starting from the Middle Ages and the modern age, paying particular attention to those that consolidated between the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Often born as an alternative to the traditional overseas and northern European destinations, over time these communities have known different destinies, with some choosing to return to Italy, while others have remained, assimilating or preserving their own socio-cultural identity and becoming ethnic minorities. The period of real socialism represented for many Italians a time of isolation and loss of their own identity. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the events of these communities of “forgotten Italians” intertwined with the migratory flows of the so-called “global migrants” of our day. The article then explores the case study of the emigration of Italians to Romania in the 19th century, which had a strong impact on the economy and culture of the two countries. At the time, Italian workers were in demand for their skills in various sectors, creating cultural and social ties between the two countries whose echoes are reflected in the current Romanian immigration to Italy.
L’INSEGNAMENTO DELL’ITALIANO IN SLOVENIA
Authors: Zudič Antonič Nives 
Published: June 2023

Nell’articolo viene presentata una panoramica delle principali caratteristiche che riguardano l’insegnamento/apprendimento dell’italiano in Slovenia e una riflessione sull’importanza dell’educazione interculturale al fine di contribuire all’inclusione del singolo nella società che lo circonda. Dopo una sintetica illustrazione del quadro giuridico nel quale si inserisce la tutela delle lingue minoritarie in Slovenia, si presenta il percorso scolastico e le caratteristiche dell’insegnamento/apprendimento della lingua italiana come lingua materna (L1) e lingua seconda (L2) nel territorio bilingue nonché come lingua straniera (LS) nel resto della Slovenia. In particolare, si cerca di presentare le peculiarità del modello di educazione bilingue del Litorale sloveno, territorio di confine e area di contatto di culture prevalentemente romanze e slave. Infine, viene evidenzia la necessità di applicare un approccio interculturale all’insegnamento in quanto il buon funzionamento della società multiculturale contemporanea dipende dalla consapevolezza della propria cultura congiuntamente all’esistenza di altre culture dell’ambiente.

The teaching of Italian in Slovenia
The article presents an overview of the main characteristics concerning the teaching/learning of Italian in Slovenia and a reflection on the importance of intercultural education as a social inclusion tool for the individual. After a brief illustration of the Slovenian legal framework related to the protection of minority languages, the paper presents the education process and the characteristics of the teaching/learning of the Italian language as mother tongue (L1), as Second Language (L2) in the bilingual territory and as Foreign Language (FL) in the rest of Slovenia. In particular, the study focuses on the peculiarities of the bilingual education model of the Slovenian Istria, a border territory and contact area of predominantly Romance and Slavic cultures. Finally, the article emphasizes the need to apply an intercultural approach to teaching since proper functioning of contemporary multicultural society depends on the awareness of one's own culture, together with the existence of other Cultures of the environment. In this way both teachers and students will be aware of the constant need to increase their linguistic and intercultural competences.
UN’INDAGINE SULLA PERCEZIONE DEL REPERTORIO LINGUISTICO DI DISCENDENTI ITALIANI SENIOR: VERSO NUOVE FUNZIONALITÀ DELLA LINGUA ETNICA
Authors: Ferroni Roberta 
Published: June 2023

Il contributo prende in esame un campione di autobiografie linguistiche redatte da un gruppo di senior - discendenti d’italiani - che vivono nello Stato di San Paolo del Brasile. Lo studio qualitativo, condotto attraverso il metodo biografico-linguistico, mette in luce le percezioni che i parlanti conferiscono alle varietà del proprio repertorio attribuendo al portoghese-brasiliano e inglese ruoli di prestigio, in quanto percepite come lingue che hanno una certa spendibilità. In concomitanza della terza età i senior dichiarano di aver recuperato la lingua etnica in chiave strumentale. L’apprendimento dell’italiano è associato alla possibilità di rimanere “giovane” mentalmente e “allenato”. Lo studio rivela nuove funzionalità che la lingua etnica va acquistando all’interno dello spazio linguistico di discendenti senior. Considerando l’aumento esponenziale delle aspettative di vita a livello globale, si sottolinea l’importanza di stimolare specifiche politiche linguistiche educative tese a promuovere l’apprendimento dell’italiano secondo paradigmi educativi andragogici.

A study into the perception of the linguistic repertoire of senior Italian descendants: towards new ethnic language functionalities
The paper examines a sample of linguistic autobiographies written by a group of senior - descendants of Italians - living in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. The qualitative study, conducted through the biographical-linguistic method, highlights the perceptions that speakers give to the varieties of their repertoire by attributing to Portuguese-Brazilian and English a prestigious role, as perceived as languages that have a certain instrumental spendability. During their senior years, the seniors declared that they had recovered the ethnic language but in instrumental rather than affective-cultural key. Learning Italian is associated with the possibility of remaining "young" and mentally "trained". The study reveals new features that ethnic language is acquiring within the linguistic space of senior descendants. Considering the exponential increase in life expectancy at a global level, it is stressed the importance of stimulating specific educational language policies aimed at promoting the learning of Italian according to andragogic educational paradigms.
VARIETÀ DEL REPERTORIO LINGUISTICO DEGLI IMMIGRATI ITALIANI PRESENTI SULLA “STAFFETTA RIOGRANDENSE” E IL QUOTIDIANO “LA LIBERTÀ” (1909-1910)
Authors: Rocha da Cunha Karine Marielly , Francieli Motin Mara , Gabardo Diego 
Published: June 2023

Questo lavoro propone un’analisi dei dialetti veneti presenti sul quotidiano cattolico La Libertà, stampato prima della Staffetta Riograndense, sulla quale erano stati pubblicati i capitoli di Nanetto Pipetta, una pietra miliare letteraria nelle lingue dell’immigrazione dal nord Italia al Brasile. L’obiettivo è contestualizzare la formazione de La Libertà e mostrare i dialetti presenti in quel giornale, soprattutto nei testi relativi a religione, lavoro e famiglia, in cui emergono le rappresentazioni dei coloni italiani. La pluralità della presenza dei dialetti è segnata dal contatto linguistico tra l’italiano e il portoghese brasiliano. Proponiamo allora una presentazione della vitalità dei dialetti presenti nel periodico citato. In questo lavoro non utilizzeremo il termine Talian come riferimento al risultato della lingua di contatto originata giacché trattasi dell’analisi di un periodo storico in cui il termine Talian non era ancora stato coniato.

Variety of the linguistic repertoire of Italian immigrants in the “Staffetta Riograndense” and the newspaper “La Libertà” (1909-1910)
This paper proposes an analysis of the Venetian dialects present in the Catholic newspaper La Libertà, printed before the Staffetta Riograndense, on which were published the chapters of Nanetto Pipetta, a literary milestone in the languages of immigration from northern Italy to Brazil. The goal of this paper is to contextualize the formation of La Libertà and show the dialects present in it, especially in texts related to religion, work and family, in which representations of Italian settlers emerge. The plurality of the presence of dialects is marked by the linguistic contact between Italian and Brazilian Portuguese. We then propose a presentation of the vitality of the dialects present in the mentioned newspaper. We will not use the term Talian as a reference to the result of the contact language originated since this is the analysis of a historical period when the term Talian had not yet been coined.
LE REGOLARITÀ NASCOSTE: ASPETTI COMUNICATIVI SOTTORAPPRESENTATI NELLA DIDATTICA L2/LS
Authors: Mastrantonio Davide 
Published: June 2023

In questo articolo si riflette sull’esistenza di regolarità comunicative nascoste: fenomeni funzionali ricorrenti nei materiali linguistici dedicati agli apprendenti LS/L2, ma che per varie ragioni non sono ancora entrati a pieno titolo nel campo di azione della didattica dell’italiano. L’analisi si basa principalmente su un piccolo campione di manuali, con alcuni confronti condotti sui sillabi per stranieri e sulle grammatiche pedagogiche. Fare luce su questi aspetti è una priorità per chi si occupa di educazione linguistica: da un lato perché la riflessione metalinguistica è un fattore importante per l’apprendimento, dall’altro perché i fenomeni in questione non riguardano solo gli scambi linguistici elementari, ma caratterizzano anche testi più complessi. La consapevolezza della loro esistenza in una fase precoce del percorso di apprendimento permette quindi di iniziare a costruire una competenza accademica, sotto il segno della continuità tra comunicazione quotidiana e lingua per lo studio.

The hidden regularities: communicative aspects underrepresented in L2/LS teaching
In this paper we reflect on the existence of hidden communicative regularities: functional phenomena that are recurrent in linguistic materials devoted to LS/L2 learners, but that for various reasons have not yet fully entered the scope of LS/L2 Italian teaching. The analysis is based mainly on a small sample of textbooks, with some comparisons conducted on foreigners’ syllabi and pedagogical grammars. Shedding light on these aspects is a priority for those involved in language education: on the one hand because metalinguistic reflection is an important factor in learning, and on the other hand because the regularities at issue do not only affect elementary conversations but also characterize more complex texts. Hence, gaining awareness of their existence at an early stage of the learning process makes it possible to start building an academic competence, within the frame of continuity between everyday communication and language for study.
IL PROGETTO OIM E GLI ITALIANISMI DELLO SPAGNOLO
Authors: Silvestri Paolo , Clavería Nadal Gloria 
Published: June 2023

Il contributo descrive il risultato dei lavori del gruppo spagnolo impegnato della classificazione degli italianismi nell’ambito del progetto OIM (Osservatorio degli Italianismi nel Mondo) dell’Accademia della Crusca. I molteplici problemi e questioni nei quali ci si è imbattuti coinvolgono diversi aspetti: dalla definizione esatta degli etimi alla ricerca delle prime attestazioni in diverse banche dati lessicografiche e dizionari, sincronici e diacronici; dagli slittamenti semantici minimi ai cambi radicali di significato fra lingua di partenza e lingua d’arrivo; dalle oscillazioni grafo-morfologiche alle specificità delle varietà americane dello spagnolo; dall’ampliamento delle fonti all’inserimento di nuovi italianismi in fase di assestamento. Un complesso, ma allo stesso tempo stimolante, lavoro di classificazione ed interpretazione, per sua natura in continua revisione ed aggiornamento.

The OIM project and the italisnisms in the Spanish language
This contribution describes the results obtained by the Spanish research group involved in the classification of Italianisms within the OIM project (Osservatorio degli Italianismi nel Mondo) of the Accademia della Crusca. The multiple problems and issues encountered deal with different aspects, ranging from the exact definition of the etymons to the research of the first appearance in the various lexicographic banks and dictionaries, both synchronic and diachronic; from the minimal semantic shifts to the radical changes of meanings between source language and target language; from the spelling and morphology variations to the specific characteristics of the Latin American Spanish variations; from the widening of the sources to the inclusion of new Italianisms about to be consolidated in the language. A complex and stimulating job which included classification and interpretation and that, for its own nature, requires continuous revision and updating.
OIM E ITALIANISMI NELLO SPAGNOLO ARGENTINO: PRIME OSSERVAZIONI E RIFLESSIONI TEORICO-METODOLOGICHE
Authors: Ariolfo Rosana , Mariottini Laura 
Published: June 2023

Nel presente lavoro descriviamo la ricerca che stiamo conducendo su “vecchi” e “nuovi” italianismi nel lessico dello spagnolo argentino, a partire da fonti sociolinguistiche (Meo Zilio, 1970, 1989) e lessicografiche differenziali autorevoli (DiHA. 2003, 2009; DiLA, 2019). L’obiettivo è dare conto della portata delle contaminazioni lessico-semantiche, della loro estensione ed evoluzione nel tempo, a partire dal 1970 – data della prima registrazione di carattere scientifico delle forme linguistiche derivate dal contatto – fino ad oggi. Sulla base della nostra ricerca, che consta di un database di 701 italianismi registrati e catalogati, stiamo collaborando con l’Osservatorio degli italianismi nel mondo (OIM), inserendo gli italianismi presenti nello spagnolo argentino. In questa sede presentiamo i primi risultati relativi all’attività svolta finora per l’OIM e alcune osservazioni teorico-metodologiche scaturite dall’inserimento dei dati in piattaforma.
OIM AND ITALIANISMS IN ARGENTINE SPANISH: FIRST REMARKS AND THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS
In this paper we describe the research we are conducting on “old” and “new” Italianisms in the lexicon of Argentinean Spanish, starting with sociolinguistic works (Meo Zilio, 1970, 1989) and differential lexicographic authoritative sources (DiHA, 2003, 2009; DiLA, 2019). The goal is to account for the extent of lexico-semantic contaminations, their extension and evolution over time, from 1970 – the date of the first scientific record of linguistic forms derived by the contact – to the present. On the basis of our research, which consists of a database of 701 Italianisms, registered and catalogued, we are collaborating with the Osservatorio degli italianismi nel mondo (OIM), entering in the platform Italian words present in the Argentinean variety of Spanish. Here, we present the initial results related to the work done until now for the OIM and some theoretical-methodological remarks arisen from our activity of data entry.