bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Structured Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Powerful Chemical Path for Noble Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Dong Hai , Zhu Huang , Li Qian , Zhou Mi , Ren Xiancheng , Ma Tian , Liu Junzhi , Zeng Zhiyuan , Luo Xianglin , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNoble metal‐based electrocatalysts (NMECs), particularly those with active sites at the nano or atomic level, are indispensable in heterogeneous catalysis, which has attracted considerable research interests, especially in the energy communities. Due to the enormous inherent merits, such as ultrahigh surface area, tunable atomic structure, and diverse chemical tailorability, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed as ideal candidates for creating efficient and programmable NMECs. In this review, from an interdisciplinary opinion,the recent progresses on the synthetic principles and catalytic site design protocols for the atomically structured MOFs and their derivatives are comprehensively discussed. Particularly, it is dedicated to summarizing the modulation strategies on creating the catalytic centers and bond microenvironments of MOFs‐based NMECs, including the single‐atom, dual‐atom, cluster, and nanoparticle engineering. Furthermore, the critical mechanisms of how the structures of MOFs‐based NMECs affect the corresponding electrochemical behaviors is outlined and disclose the critical essences for their future applications. Finally, the current developments, challenges, and perspectives for engineering the atomically structured MOFs‐based NMECs are discussed to inspire the broad utilization of MOFs‐based NMECs‐equipped catalysts in energy conversion, which offers cutting‐edge guidance for future prosperity in developing efficient NMECs.
Recent Advances of Capacitive Sensors: Materials, Microstructure Designs, Applications, and Opportunities
Authors: Cheng Allen J. , Wu Liao , Sha Zhao , Chang Wenkai , Chu Dewei , Wang Chun Hui , Peng Shuhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCapacitive sensors have advanced rapidly to create new applications including wearable sensors for human health monitoring, integrated sensors for intelligent surgical devices, tactile interfaces for robots. Compared to other types of pressure or strain sensors, capacitive sensors require low power consumption and offer excellent linearity and fast response time. Herein, this review concentrates on the recent advancements and developments of high‐performance capacitive sensors with new materials and microstructures, which significantly enhance their sensitivity, accuracy, linearity, and response time. This work also provides a review of recent applications, from which current challenges and future opportunities are proposed and discussed.
Phononic Bandgap Programming in Kirigami By Unique Mechanical Input Sequencing
Authors: Khosravi Hesameddin , Li Suyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the programming of elastic wave propagation bandgaps in periodic and multi‐stable metamaterials by intentionally and uniquely sequencing its constitutive mechanical bits. To this end, stretched kirigami is used as a simple and versatile testing platform. Each mechanical bit in the stretched kirigami can switch between two stable equilibria with different external shapes (aka. “(0)” and “(1)” states). Therefore, by designing the sequence of (0) and (1) bits, one can fundamentally change the underlying periodicity and thus program the phononic bandgap frequencies. This study develops an algorithm to identify the unique periodicities generated by assembling “n‐bit strings” consisting of n mechanical bits. Based on a simplified geometry of these n‐bit strings, this study also formulates a theory to uncover the rich mapping between input sequencing and output bandgaps. The theoretical prediction and experiment results confirm that the (0) and (1) bit sequencing is effective for programming the phonic bandgap frequencies. Moreover, one can additionally fine‐tune the bandgaps by adjusting the global stretch. Overall, the results of this study elucidate new strategies for programming the dynamic responses of architected material systems.
Teleoperation of Soft Robots with Real‐Time Fingertip Haptic Feedback Using Small Batteries
Authors: Ham Hyeonseong , Park Myungsun , Park Taejun , Gao Xuelang , Park Yong‐Lae , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoft robots are promising candidates for robust grasping and manipulation of different types of objects; however, their development has been a scientific challenge because of the lack of compact, yet precise, controllable soft actuators. In this work, innovative haptic interactive systems based on sensor‐integrated actuators powered by small batteries are reported. A liquid‐metal strain sensor with a versatile form factor and robust sensing performance is incorporated into a fast‐switching high‐force ionic polymer actuator. The structure of the sensor‐integrated actuator is rationally designed through encapsulation technology to achieve the best sensitivity and actuation while maintaining compactness, allowing for accurate, real‐time estimation and tracking of the actuation process. In a closed loop between the user and sensor‐integrated actuator, the motion and manipulation dynamics of a soft gripper made of sensor‐integrated actuators can be controlled by hand motions during a task. By combining with a thimble‐type haptic feedback device, the states of the gripper can be transmitted back to the user in real‐time via the proprioception of the integrated sensor. The approach opens a prospective avenue for the development of future robotic technologies without requiring camera‐based sensors for versatile, wearable, and scalable haptic systems.
A Flexible Strain Sensor with High Electrical Conductivity, Rapid Electrothermal Response, and High Strain Sensitivity for Real‐Time Monitoring of Human Joint Movement
Authors: Li Xing , Yang Hongfen , Lu Shaorong , Cai Ren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, a flexible film, called PPA film, is designed as a multifunctional sensor with high electrical conductivity, rapid electrothermal response, and high strain sensitivity. The film contains polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), graphene nanosheets (GNs), nanocellulose crystals (CNCs), polydopamine (PDA), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), symbolized as PPA film. The CNCs enhance the dispersion of the GNs during film formation; the stacked GNs change heat conduction and resistance during film bending; PDA serves as a linking agent; Ag NPs improve the conductivity (i.e., 2.65 × 103 S/m) of the film during electrothermal response measurement. A flexible strain sensor designed from PPA films is mounted on the skin surface of human joints to monitor human movement in real time. The sensor exhibited good stability and cycling durability, i.e., the resistance variation remained stable during the bend‐release repetitions for 600 cycles at 1.2 % strain. The flexible sensors exhibited highly sensitive to bending strain, i.e., 30.5 of the gauge factor (GF), and can be applied to monitor bending motions of human joints, such as finger, wrist, elbow, and knee joints.In addition, the PPA films exhibit very high joule heat generation ability and demonstrate its applicability as a joint or stomach warmer and sensor. The as‐designed flexible sensor is a promising candidate for application in environmentally friendly and multifunctional wearable devices.
Efficient Solid‐State Emission Control by Positional Isomerism for Platinum(II) Complex with Donor–π–Acceptor Ligand
Authors: Kim Min‐Ji , Chae Minjung , Ahn Mina , Wee Kyung‐Ryang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSquare‐planar platinum (Pt)(II) complexes have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique luminescent properties, and the development of facile methods to control them is very important. A series of Pt(II) complexes containing a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) isomer ligand (ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐position; Pt‐O, Pt‐M, and Pt‐P) is prepared to investigate the positional isomerism on the Pt(II) complex. In particular, the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and ligand intramolecular charge transfer characteristics are examined depending on the positional isomer and compared with the donor‐free Pt(II) complex. All Pt(II) complexes observe slightly red‐shifted emission within 10 nm in the order of Pt‐O < Pt‐M < Pt‐P. Experimental data and theoretical calculations show that the Pt(II) complex lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level is controlled systematically by the donor position dependency. In particular, the small perturbation of the electronic state by positional isomerism in the single molecule induces significant phosphorescence color disparities of more than 82 nm in the solid‐state emission spectra and aggregation‐induced emission. The intriguing phosphorescent behavior is explained by the ligand‐dependent macroscopic molecular array with the Hirshfeld analysis. Consequentially, this paper reports a facile emission control method by the D–π–A ligand positional isomerism in the Pt(II) complex.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Silicon Oxynitride‐Doped Si for Tunable Bragg Gratings Homogeneously Deposited on Si, SiO2, and Borosilicate Substrates and the tip of SM and PM Optical Fibers
Authors: Karatutlu Ali , Tabaru Timuçin Emre , Ortaç Bülend 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical tunability and repeatability are essential in fabricating optoelectronic devices from waveguides to Bragg gratings (BGs) for high‐energy, high‐power, mode‐locking, and sensing applications. For this purpose, a controlled adjustment in the optical properties, including the refractive index of the deposited nanolayers, becomes critical. This study reveals that silicon oxynitride (SiON) doping into silicon (Si) offers a new way for the preparation of novel Si‐based devices with an emphasis on the BGs for filtering a particular portion of an electromagnetic spectrum, including the wavelengths of 800, 976, 1550, and 1840 nm. Control on the incident angle dependence of the BGs is demonstrated at Watt‐level for the wavelength of 976 nm. Amorphous SiON‐doped Si layers on alternating SiO2 can be synthesized on bulk substrates and different optical fibers at relatively low temperatures with wide and narrow bandwidths. The high reflectivity of the novel Si‐based BGs reveals over −22 dB reflection using typical optical fibers, including standardsingle‐mode fibers and high‐birefringent polarization‐maintaining (PM) fibers. The polarized transmission measurement over the BG on the PMfiber shows the BGs do not deteriorate the PM properties, strongly yielding a beat length of 1.68 mm and birefringence of 9.2 × 10−4 at the telecom C band.
ERK Inhibition Promotes Engraftment of Allografts by Reprogramming T‐Cell Metabolism
Authors: Tan Xiaosheng , Qi Changxing , Zhao Xiangli , Sun Lingjuan , Wu Mi , Sun Weiguang , Gu Lianghu , Wang Fengqing , Feng Hao , Huang Xia , Xie Bin , Shi Zhengyi , Xie Peiling , Wu Meng , Zhang Yonghui , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling is a master regulator of cell behavior, life, and fate. Although ERK pathway is shown to be involved in T‐cell activation, little is known about its role in the development of allograft rejection. Here, it is reported that ERK signaling pathway is activated in allograft‐infiltrating T cells. On the basis of surface plasmon resonance technology, lycorine is identified as an ERK‐specific inhibitor. ERK inhibition by lycorine significantly prolongs allograft survival in a stringent mouse cardiac allotransplant model. As compared to untreated mice, lycorine‐treated mice show a decrease in the number and activation of allograft‐infiltrated T cells. It is further confirmed that lycorine‐treated mouse and human T cells are less responsive to stimulation in vitro, as indicated by their low proliferative rates and decreased cytokine production. Mechanistic studies reveal that T cells treated with lycorine exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in metabolic reprogramming upon stimulation. Transcriptome analysis of lycorine‐treated T cells reveals an enrichment in a series of downregulated terms related to immune response, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade, and metabolic processes. These findings offer new insights into the development of immunosuppressive agents by targeting the ERK pathway involved in T‐cell activation and allograft rejection.
CRISPR‐Based KCC2 Upregulation Attenuates Drug‐Resistant Seizure in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Shi Jiaying , Xin Huhu , Shao Yuying , Dai Sijie , Tan Na , Li Zhisheng , Fei Fan , Wu Di , Wang Yi , Ping Yuan , Chen Zhong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe precise intervention of K‐Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) as a promising target for drug‐resistant epilepsy remains elusive.MethodsHere, we used a CRISPRa system delivered by adeno‐associated viruses to specifically upregulate KCC2 in the subiculum to confirm its therapeutic potential in various in vivo epilepsy models. Calcium fiber photometry was used to reveal the role of KCC2 in the restoration of impaired GABAergic inhibition.ResultsCRISPRa system effectively upregulated KCC2 expression both in in vitro cell culture and in vivo brain region. Delivery of CRISPRa with adeno‐associated viruses resulted in upregulating the subicular KCC2 level, contributing to alleviating the severity of hippocampal seizure and facilitating the anti‐seizure effect of diazepam in a hippocampal kindling model. In a kainic acid‐induced epilepticus status model, KCC2 upregulation greatly increased the termination percentage of diazepam‐resistant epilepticus status with the broadened therapeutic window. More importantly, KCC2 upregulation attenuated valproate‐resistant spontaneous seizure in a kainic acid‐induced chronic epilepsy model. Finally, calcium fiber photometry showed CRISPRa‐mediated KCC2 upregulation partially restored the impaired GABAA‐mediated inhibition in epilepsy.InterpretationThese results showed the translational potential of adeno‐associated viruses‐mediated delivery of CRISPRa for treating neurological disorders by modulating abnormal gene expression that is directly associated with neuronal excitability, validating KCC2 as a promising therapeutic target for treating drug‐resistant epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:91–105
Photodissociative Modules that Control Dual‐Emission Properties in Donor–π–Acceptor Organoborane Fluorophores
Authors: Kawashiro Midori , Mori Tatsuya , Ito Masato , Ando Naoki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDonor–π–acceptor fluorophores that consist of an electron‐donating amino group and an electron‐accepting triarylborane moiety generally exhibit substantial solvatochromism in their fluorescence while retaining high fluorescence quantum yields even in polar media. Herein, we report a new family of this compound class, which bears ortho‐P(=X)R2‐substituted phenyl groups (X=O or S) as a photodissociative module. The P=X moiety that intramolecularly coordinates to the boron atom undergoes dissociation in the excited state, giving rise to dual emission from the corresponding tetra‐ and tricoordinate boron species. The susceptibility of the systems to photodissociation depends on the coordination ability of the P=O and P=S moieties, whereby the latter facilitates dissociation. The intensity ratios of the dual emission bands are sensitive to environmental parameters, including temperature, solution polarity, and the viscosity of the medium. Moreover, precise tuning of the P(=X)R2 group and the electron‐donating amino moiety led to single‐molecule white emission in solution.
Effect of copolymerization on the thermal characteristics and behavior of crystallization of biobased semi‐aromatic PA10T/10I
Authors: Zhu Rongli , Pu Zejun , Hou Hongbo , Li Xianyong , Wang Xu , Yu Dayang , Zheng Pan , Wu Fang , Zhong Jiachun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work synthesized the pure poly (decamethylene terephthalamide) acid (PA10T) and a series of PA10T/10I through an efficient one‐pot melt polymerization method. The structures, thermal behavior, crystallization performance, and mechanical properties of PA10T and PA10T/10I were investigated by FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, POM, XRD, and mechanics performance testing, respectively. The thermal analysis demonstrates that the melting temperature of PA10T/10I gradually decreased with the increase of isophthalic acid (IPA) copolymerization proportions. Specifically, it was observed that, the Tm1 of pure PA10T was 299.5°C, while the Tm1 of PA10T/10I‐4 with a linear downward trend was 284.7°C. And the introduction of IPA copolymerization has an obvious beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PA10T/10I (Td,5 varied from 429.5 to 434.5°C) with a wider temperature range of processing, which could potentially be applied in high‐temperature scenes. POM and XRD were used to characterize the crystallization behavior of all samples further. It was discovered that although adding IPA did not alter the crystal structure of PA10T, it dramatically reduced the size of crystalline grains and increased the number of crystal nuclei. In addition, the copolyamides possess excellent mechanical properties, and the tensile strength of PA10T/10I varied between 42.91 and 46.89 MPa, the bending strength varied between 76.69 and 85.83 MPa, and the izod impact strength varied between 25.41 and 29.82 kJ m−2. Moreover, the influence of the IPA comonomer of copolyamides PA10T/10I on melting points, thermal stability, crystallization behavior, and mechanical characteristics was investigated. This work provides a reference for preparing biobased semi‐aromatic copolyamides PA10T/10I with outstanding processing performance, excellent thermal characteristics, and adjustable mechanical properties.
Cage‐shaped octaphenyl silsesquioxane with micro‐nano dispersibility for strengthening intumescent flame retardancy in polypropylene composites
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhu Hui , Xi Wang , Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, a silicon‐, phosphorus‐, nitrogen‐containing flame retardant system was constructed via the combination of the caged organic octaphenyl silsesquioxane (OPS) and an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate. Compared with the IFR mixture alone, the designed OPS/IFR system simultaneously endowed polypropylene (PP) with a higher charring flame‐retardant effect and better mechanical properties under the same loading amount. With only 0.5 wt% OPS and 19.5 wt% IFR in PP, both 3.2 mm‐ and 1.6 mm‐thick flame‐retardant composite reached UL 94 V‐0 level, while the sample with IFR only passed the 3.2 mm‐thick UL 94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, compared with IFR, OPS/IFR with a specific mass ratio also performed higher limited oxygen indexes, improved anti‐dripping behavior in the glow‐wire test, and suppressed the heat and smoke release to a larger extent of PP composite. The main mechanism was that a phosphorus/silicon synergistic charring effect occurred in PP composites during the combustion, thus forming more compact char layers with rich phosphorus/silicon compounds. The investigation of the multielement OPS/IFR system also disclosed a more effective flame retardant working way in PP through synergistic charring effect. Meanwhile, due to the mico‐nanoscale dispersibility of OPS in PP, the constructed composites kept higher mechanical performances compared with the sample loaded with IFR alone.
Conversion of biomass to biochar using top‐lit updraft technology: a review
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Iwuozor Kingsley O. , Muritala Kabir B. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Adeleke Joy A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe demand for biochar has increased over time due to its wide range of applications in various industries. Biochar, which is the solid product of the thermochemical conversion of biomass, has been synthesized using different reactor‐based technologies. One such technology is top‐lit updraft (TLUD) technology. This study is a review of published literature that discusses trends in the utilization of the TLUD technology, focusing on biochar production. This study also evaluated the principles of TLUD technology. The properties and applications of TLUD‐based biochar were also discussed. In comparison with other technologies, TLUD technology is characterized by higher thermal efficiency, simplicity of starting the fuel, low smoke emission, and high biochar yield. It was observed that the use of TLUD technology resulted in the production of high‐quality biochar with a variety of characteristics, which has been utilized as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, in the agricultural sector to increase soil nutrients, and as a solid fuel. The concept of semi‐batch‐fed TLUD technology was also introduced in this study to enhance the efficiency and output of the batch‐fed TLUD configuration that has been in use. Some knowledge gaps in the study could be addressed by future studies on the use of this technology. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of hypoxia conditions on the Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 bioluminescence
Authors: Mashukova Olga , Silakov Mikhail , Kolesnikova Evgenia , Temnykh Alexandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe findings of the study on the impact of hypoxia on the glow of the Black Sea ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 of three size groups (20–30, 30–45, and 45–60 mm) were obtained under experimental conditions. Peculiarities of ctenophore bioluminescence were studied during mechanical and chemical stimulation under the conditions of normoxia (at an oxygen concentration of 5.6–6.7 mg O2 L−1), moderate hypoxia (2.5–2.8 mg O2 L−1), and acute hypoxia (1.2–1.5 mg O2 L−1). An increase in the amplitude and energy of luminescence of the ctenophores mechanically and chemically stimulated was observed at an oxygen concentration of 1.2–1.5 mg O2 L−1 (acute hypoxia) in two size groups in the lobate form (30–45 and 45–60 mm). The inhibition of amplitude, energy, and duration of the signal was registered in M. leidyi ctenophores at the transitional stage from larva to the lobate form under conditions of acute hypoxia. It was noted that in normoxia, the values of the amplitude and energy of the bioluminescent signal of M. leidyi increase along with a size growth of an individual. This phenomenon was observed both during mechanical and chemical stimulations. Under conditions of acute hypoxia, this trend was mainly preserved.The universality of the relation between the bioluminescence of the organisms and their bioenergetics is obvious. The bioluminescent system of ctenophores has the role of an antioxidant system and is engaged in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that is the process during which photons are emitted. The response of the bioluminescent system to a decrease in oxygen concentration can be associated with an increase in the production of ROS that provides high values of the ctenophore luminescence under hypoxic conditions.