bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical Integrability in the Presence of a Cosmological Constant: Analytic and Machine Learning Results
Authors: Lopes Cardoso Gabriel , Mayorga Peña Damián , Nampuri Suresh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integrability of two‐dimensional theories that are obtained by a dimensional reduction of certain four‐dimensional gravitational theories describing the coupling of Maxwell fields and neutral scalar fields to gravity in the presence of a potential for the neutral scalar fields is studied. For a certain solution subspace, partial integrability is demonstrated by showing that a subset of the equations of motion in two dimensions are the compatibility conditions for a linear system. Subsequently, the integrability of these two‐dimensional models is studied from a complementary one‐dimensional point of view, framed in terms of Liouville integrability. In this endeavor, various machine learning techniques are employed to systematize our search for numerical Lax pair matrices for these models, as well as conserved currents expressed as functions of phase space variables.
Chinese Herbal Medicine and Their Active Ingredients Involved in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Related Signaling Pathways
Authors: Nie Wenkai , Fu Hao , Zhang Yan , Yang Huiwen , Liu Bing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatitis of the skin and poses therapeutic challenges due to the adverse reactions and high costs associated with available treatments. In Eastern Asian countries, a plethora of herbal remedies is extensively employed for the alleviation of AD. Many of these botanicals are renowned for their formidable anti‐inflammatory properties, contributing to AD management. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and its active ingredients exhibit both prophylactic and therapeutic promise against AD by modulating inflammatory response, orchestrating immune system functions, and enhancing antioxidant activities. A comprehensive exploration of the underlying mechanisms involved in CHM treatment can enhance the comprehension of AD pathogenesis and facilitate the development of innovative drugs for AD. This study aims to elucidate the signaling pathways and potential targets implicated in CHM‐based treatment of AD, providing a systematic theoretical framework for its application in therapy while serving as a valuable reference for developing more effective and safer AD therapeutic agents.
Elective Thoracic Surgical Resections for Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations ‐ A 16 Year Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Al‐Sahaf May , Anderson Jon , Nandi Jayanta , Alsafi Ali , Shovlin Claire L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) cause cerebral abscess and ischemic stroke due to paradoxical emboli, risks that are increasingly recognized. We report the evolving placement of thoracic surgery in multi‐disciplinary team management of PAVMs that were sporadic or associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. From 1983 to 2006, all patients receiving elective treatment had embolization. Between January 2006 and July 2022, 24 of 714 (3%) patients reviewed at our institution underwent elective surgical resection of one or more PAVMs. Initially, the bar for elective surgery had been set very high, and only patients with persistent symptoms of cerebral ischemia after maximal embolization and medical therapy were referred. As PAVM natural history, follow‐up radiation exposures for residual PAVMs, and good surgical outcomes were appreciated, PAVM resection became part of the discussion for highly localized, very complex PAVMs which we consider are best treated surgically. Elective surgical intervention may be considered for other selected patients.
Differences in triggering conditions between embedded and isolated convection initiation during a Meiyu season in China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Mingxin , Zhang Qinghong , Liu Min , Xu Jun , Guo Jianping , Fan Huiyi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe activity of the summer monsoon generates a complex convective environment and results in a large amount of convection initiation, whether embedded or isolated (i.e., ECI and ICI). However, there is still no consensus on how different are the triggering conditions that they undergo. For the first time, the respective spatiotemporal distributions of ECI and ICI, as well as their dependence on convective environments, lifting conditions, and their connection to monsoon circulations, are investigated statistically by using observations from radar and automated weather stations, reanalysis data, and a machine‐learning method during a Meiyu season over the Yangtze–Huai River Basin of China. The results show that ECI and ICI experience similar dynamic conditions but distinct thermodynamic convective environments due to the influence of a long‐lasting rain band. Consequently, ICI frequently occurs in the afternoon and around mountains, with a close connection to solar‐radiation‐induced atmospheric instability and topographic lifting but less sensitivity to circulation variations. In contrast, ECI exhibits a broader distribution over both plains and mountains, with two prominent peaks at 08:00 and 15:00 local time, and occurs more frequently when the front force was increased, resulting in more elevated initiation with convective updrafts generated above the boundary layer.
Steep orographic effects on local precipitation in the Hengduan Mountain region: Insights from an idealized modeling perspective
Authors: Zhang Mengke , Li Jian , Li Nina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrecipitation in the Hengduan Mountain region is frequently initiated over the crests of the steep mountains which are oriented quasi‐north–south. The microphysical and dynamic processes that contribute to orographic precipitation over Cang Mountain, a steeply sloping terrain representative of the Hengduan Mountains, are investigated by utilizing an idealized cloud‐resolving model. A typical isolated precipitation case occurs at night when westerly airflow in the middle and lower troposphere is statically stable but conditionally unstable. The precipitation is initiated over the mountain peak and subsequently propagates eastward, which is effectively captured by the simulation with a 4.2‐km mountain half‐width mimicking Cang Mountain. The higher efficiency of snow and graupel accretion, in comparison to rainwater, significantly impacts the precipitation over the peak, where the altitude is above the freezing level. As a result of the relatively weak terminal fall velocity, the ice‐phase hydrometeors are advected eastward by the ambient wind, which is responsible for the eastward propagation of cold‐cloud precipitation. Sensitivity experiments with varying mountain width reveal the underlying physical mechanisms for the influence of topographic steepness on precipitation development and atmospheric flow regimes. With an increase of the mountain width, the leeward precipitation shifts further away from the mountain peak and exhibits an evident decrease in intensity. When the mountain half‐width is expanded to 15.0 km, a marked mountain‐wave pattern emerges, favoring subsidence on the leeward side of the barrier. Stronger descending air motions over the lee slope lead to the acceleration of horizontal wind and reduce moisture condensation. Consequently, warming and dry localized atmospheric conditions inhibit hydrometeor growth, resulting in a dramatic reduction of precipitation over the widened mountain. The insights provided by this study deepen our understanding of how steep terrain modulates atmospheric processes to influence local precipitation patterns over topographic areas.
Controlling of Applied Force and Cornea Displacement Estimation in Robotic Corneal Surgery With a Gripper Surgical Instrument
Authors: Soltani Sharif Abadi Ali , Ordys Andrew , Pierscionek Barbara 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe human eye consists of highly sensitive, hydrated, and relatively thin tissues, making precise control and accurate force estimation crucial in robotic eye surgery. This paper introduces a novel control method and state observer designed for a gripper surgical instrument used on the external ocular surface during robotic eye surgery.MethodsA novel state observer, operating in tandem with the controller, estimates the applied force. The proposed control approach, termed the Fixed‐time Observer‐based Sliding Mode Control (FOSMC), estimates the applied force by determining the gripper states and uses an eye model to calculate its displacement.ResultsThe performance of the proposed control method was compared with two other finite‐time and asymptotic techniques across two scenarios. The results demonstrated excellent performance using the proposed method.ConclusionsThe FOSMC control technique effectively estimates the applied force during robotic eye surgery, making it a reliable solution for controlling the gripper surgical instrument.
Sand is the unifying textural component influencing surface‐soil carbon and nitrogen fractions across undisturbed land uses in North Carolina
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoil organic matter concentrations are associated with soil texture in some but not in all studies. Why there are variable responses to soil texture can have logical reasons, the most obvious of which are inconsistent historical land uses, interactions with climatic and landscape settings, and management variations within a land use. In an evaluation of surface soils (0‐ to 10‐cm depth) under consistently undisturbed land use from 648 sites across relatively narrow climatic variations in North Carolina, large soil texture variations were assembled into structured populations (n = 27) of sand and clay categories (n = 24). Sand concentration varied from 220 to 881 g kg−1, silt concentration varied from 67 to 517 g kg−1, and clay concentration varied from 47 to 360 g kg−1 (5%–95% limits). Overwhelmingly, total, particulate, and non‐particulate organic C and N fractions were more statistically associated with sand concentration than with clay concentration alone. Sand concentration is the inverse of clay + silt summation and is a necessary feature when determining particulate organic C and N. Soil bulk density and sieved soil density were also more closely associated with sand concentration than with clay concentration alone. This study confirmed there was no saturation limit for the accumulation of non‐particulate organic C and N (sometimes labeled mineral‐associated organic matter). Therefore, sand concentration should be considered the best indicator of soil textural influence on soil organic matter properties and a key contextual feature necessary for soil health assessments.
Recontextualization in Multilingual Science Teacher Professional Learning
Authors: Von Esch Kerry Soo , Betancourt Cristina , Thompson Jessica , Varghese Manka , Li Hsin‐Jung , Venegas‐Weber Patricia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExamining the contextual nature of teacher professional learning is important for teachers of multilingual learners. Drawing on interview, classroom observation, and informal communication data for two focal dual language elementary science teachers, this qualitative comparative case study examines the situated nature of multilingual science teacher learning and practice processes: (1) What are the intersecting contexts that shape teachers' science learning‐practice in multilingual classrooms? (2) In what ways do these contextual dimensions intersect to create opportunities and tensions in teacher learning‐practice? Data come from a multiyear, multisite project that examines teacher learning and student discourse in science, language, and literacy instruction in dual language and multilingual classrooms. Drawing on the concept of “teacher learning‐practice,” findings show how teachers engaged the contextual challenges of the pandemic, online teaching, and existing programmatic, school, and district structures, as a part of their own teacher learning, through a process of recontextualization. Findings show how the teachers' contexts served as catalysts and moderators in recontextualization, and that generalized district‐based professional development was not meeting the needs of the teachers nor their multilingual students. This study provides empirical evidence for context as a key constituent of teacher learning‐practice, showing how teacher learning cannot exist outside of teachers' instructional practice nor the contexts with(in) which teachers teach. This study adds to the literature calling for teacher professional learning opportunities to be localized to their teaching and learning contexts versus a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach that is typically used when planning and implementing professional development by illuminating the experiences of elementary science teachers working with multilingual students. This paper is part of the special issue on Teacher Learning and Practice within Organizational Contexts.
Process Optimization Studies for Synthesis and Applications of P(DADMAC) Cationic Homopolymer for Enriched Hair Care Formulation
Authors: Girase Chetan D. , Jadhav Pravin D. , Rajput Yogeshsing N. , Kulkarni Ravindra D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the present research work, the free radical solution polymerization technique was established to synthesize the stable P(DADMAC) [poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)] cationic homopolymer in an aqueous medium. The polymerization of DADMAC monomer was accomplished through initiation by using water‐soluble initiators such as ammonium persulfate (APS) and potassium persulfate (KPS) and propagation through two vinyl double bonds at 70–75 °C for the reaction period of 5 h. The effect of initiator concentration and reaction temperature on the conversion of DADMAC to P(DADMAC) homopolymer was optimized based on the elucidation of structural properties and evaluation of the average molecular weight and viscosity of the product. The chemical structure of the P(DADMAC) was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and subsequently verified through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR). The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technique was employed to estimate the average molecular weight of the P(DADMAC) cationic homopolymer. The surface active properties of the P(DADMAC) homopolymer were analyzed by using a surface tensiometer at 1–1000 mg/L at 25 °C, which demonstrated the reduction of surface tension of water from 72 to (40.4 to 47.6) mN/m compared to (DMAPMA‐co‐C12DM) and (DMAPMA‐co‐C10MVBA) polymers that are reported in the literature. The hair care properties of P(DADMAC) were examined through the formulation of conditioning shampoo, the evaluation of surface activity, and the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the formulation.
Alanine‐Rich Cyclopeptides: Natural Resources, Bioactivity, Total Synthesis, and Spectroscopy Identification
Authors: Aloanis Anderson Arnold , Herlina Tati , Hardianto Ari , Maharani Rani 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCyclopeptides are a class of organic compounds that demonstrate unique biochemical and therapeutic features, that are suitable for the pharmaceutical applications. Among the diverse class of cyclopeptides, alanine‐rich cyclopeptide are found to be potential. This class of peptides have diverse biological properties such as antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Alanine‐rich cyclopeptides, with their unique structures, are found in a variety of natural sources, including microorganisms and higher plants. Several of the peptides that have been synthesized by using some synthetic methods. Studies have related to the mechanism of biological action of the peptides that have also been widely explained to understand their biological properties. This review describes the natural resources, chemical aspect, synthesis, and bioactivity of alanine‐rich peptides. Recent study for their mechanism of action is also highlighted.
Amino Acids Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon‐based Nanoparticle for Dual Detection of Co(II) and Cu(II) Based on Synergistic Effect of Surface Groups
Authors: Fang Zhao , Jiaolong Peng , Ze Zhang , Wei Zhou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing citric acid, urea, phosphoric acid, and amino acids as raw materials, doped carbon‐based nanoparticles (Ami‐CNPs) with approximately 100 nm grain diameter were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of ‐NH2, ‐COOH, and amino acid residues on the particle surface. Under 365 nm excitation, Ami‐CNPs emitted blue fluorescence with persistent stability in acidic, alkaline, and saline environments. Among carbon‐based nanoparticles doped with various amino acids, only the one doped with cysteine (Cys‐CNPs) exhibit unique fluorescence responses to Co2+ and Cu2+ ions, and behaved excellent linear relationships: the former quenched (LOD = 0.479 µM) while the latter enhanced (LOD = 0.547 µM) fluorescence. Moreover, the quenched fluorescence of Cys‐CNPs by Co2+ could be restored by the addition of Cu2+, while Co2+ had no effect on the fluorescence of Cys‐CNPs coexisting with Cu2+. The dual metal sensing properties of Cys‐CNPs were attributed to the synergistic effects of surface functional groups. The surface cysteine residues of the particles specifically bind to Co2+ ions, inducing fluorescence quenching via electron transfer to nonfluorescent Cys‐Co complexes, while the ‐NH2 and ‐COOH groups chelated with Cu2+ to induce forming rigid structures among particles, thereby enhancing fluorescence efficiency of Cys‐CNPs.
Hydroxymethyl Lignin‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Hydrogen Peroxide‐Sensing Ability
Authors: Madivoli Edwin Shigwenya , Kamau Kahinga , Kimani Paul Kinyanjui , Takai‐Yamashita Chika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLignin (Lg) fractionation overcomes the limitations of its heterogeneous nature. In this study, the effect of methanol fractionation on the thermal degradation, crystallinity, morphology, and chemical structure of lignin and its application in hydrogen peroxide sensing are investigated. Pristine Lg was separated into low‐molecular‐weight (LMwLg) and high‐molecular‐weight fractions (HMwLg), followed by modification to hydroxymethyl lignin (HmLg), which reduced silver ions in solution to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The functional groups, crystallinity, thermal profile, and morphology were then investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder diffraction, thermal gravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. LMwLg was found to be crystalline, highly hygroscopic, and had four thermal degradation stages, while HMwLg had several degradation stages and was amorphous. The sharp peaks in the LMwLg diffractogram were characteristic of sodium ions, while those in AgNPs‐HmLg were characteristic of AgNPs, as evidenced by the SPR peak at 428 nm whose intensity decreased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, AgNPs‐HmLg exhibited higher inhibitory activity toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis with inhibition zones of 10.67 ± 0.58, 11.50 ± 0.00, 10.33 ± 0.58, and 8.33 ± 0.57 cm as compared to pristine lignin. In conclusion, AgNPs‐HmLg detected the presence of hydrogen peroxide in solution and inhibited the growth of selected Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Novel N‐Hydroxyheptanamides Incorporating 7‐Hydroxy‐2‐Oxo‐2H‐Chromene‐3‐Carboxamides as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Thanh Tran Duy , Thach Vu Xuan , Cuong Ho Duc , Van Chinh Luu , Dung Nguyen Trung , Thao Do Thi , Quy Duong Quang , The Hai‐Pham , Vu Tran Khac 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn our search for novel small molecules targeting histone deacetylases, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel N‐hydroxyheptanamides incorporating 7‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carboxamides (6a‐o). Biological evaluation showed that these hydroxamic acids were generally cytotoxic against five human cancer cell lines including A549 (human lung carcinoma), DD1 (human colon adenocarcinoma), Huh‐7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), NCCIT (human embryonic carcinoma), H23 (adenocarcinoma; non‐small cell lung cancer) and a normal cell line Vero. It was found that the N‐hydroxyheptanamides (6a, 6m‐o) were the most potent towards human embryonic carcinoma cancer cells (NCCIT) with IC50 values of 1.95–0.79 µM compared to the reference drug, Vorinostat (SAHA) (IC50, 1.73 µM). Additionally, some selected compounds were tested for toxicity against the normal cell line Vero. The result indicated that the selected compounds exhibited lower to similar toxicity towards Vero cells compared to Ellipticine. Moreover, these compounds also showed excellent HDAC inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 0.094–0.054 µM, six to ten‐fold more potent than Vorinostat (SAHA) (IC50, 0.630 µM). Docking studies performed with some potent compounds 6a, 6m‐o using Autodock Vina showed that these compounds bound to HDAC2 with relatively high binding affinities from ‐18.218 to ‐15.656 kcal/mol compared to SAHA (‐18.176 kcal/mol) and Trichostatin A (‐18.780 kcal/mol).
L‐Arginine‐Modified Selenium Nanozymes Targeting M1 Macrophages for Oral Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Li Shuaiwen , Chen Zihui , Wang Minyu , Rao Yao , Yang Feng , Liu Mei , Chu Weihua , Yue Wanqing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) involves persistent inflammation in the colon and rectum, with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. This ROS buildup damages colonic epithelial cells and disrupts intestinal flora, worsening disease progression. Current antioxidant therapies are limited due to their instability in the gut and lack of targeting, hindering precise intervention at the lesion site. This study prepares an L‐Arginine‐modified selenium nanozyme (Se‐CA) for the targeted oral treatment of UC. Se‐CA specifically targets M1‐type macrophages at sites of inflammation by binding to cationic amino acid transporter protein 2 on the surface of M1‐type macrophages. In vitro studies show that Se‐CA scavenges reactive ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in artificial gastric acid and intestinal fluids, and inhibits iron death in intestinal epithelial cells. In mice model of ulcerative colitis, oral administration of Se‐CA is effective in the treatment of colitis through its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, inhibition of iron death and regulation of intestinal flora. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into the targeted oral treatment of UC.
Unlocking Low‐Temperature Ammonia Decomposition via an Iron Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Catalyst Under Photo‐Thermal Conditions
Authors: Sousa Angel , Mateo Diego , Garzon‐Tovar Luis , Brennan Kevin , Rendón‐Patiño Alejandra , Morlanés Natalia , Wang Xinhuilan , Navarro Juan C. , Ruiz‐Martinez Javier , García‐Melchor Max , Gascon Jorge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhoto‐thermal catalysis, leveraging both thermal and non‐thermal solar contributions, emerges as a sustainable approach for fuel and chemical synthesis. In this study, an Fe‐based catalyst derived from a metal–organic framework is presented for efficient photo‐thermal ammonia (NH3) decomposition. Optimal conditions, under light irradiation without external heating, result in a notable 55% NH3 conversion. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the enhanced catalytic activity arises from the synergistic interplay between light‐induced hot carriers and elevated temperatures during irradiation. Supported by density functional theory calculations, the findings elucidate the dual role of the catalyst. At lower temperatures, photo‐generated electrons in the Fe3O4 phase serve to raise the energies of reaction intermediates, preventing the formation of a thermodynamic sink. Conversely, at higher temperatures, metallic Fe emerges as the predominant active phase, with thermal contributions prevailing. Overall, this work advances the understanding of the cooperative effects between light and heat in photo‐thermal systems, paving the way for innovative applications in sustainable energy conversion.