bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia response protein HRM1 modulates the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain in Arabidopsis under hypoxic stress
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Jin , Suen Der‐Fen , Shih Ming‐Che 
Published: June 2023

Summary
We studied Arabidopsis HYPOXIA‐RESPONSIVE MODULATOR 1 (HRM1), which belongs to a group of core hypoxia‐responsive genes that are conserved among plant species across great evolutionary distance.
The hrm1 mutants had lower survival rates and showed more damage than the wild‐type (WT) plants under hypoxic stress. Promoter analyses showed that HRM1 is regulated by EIN3 and RAP2.2 during hypoxia. Fluorescence tracing and immunogold labeling assays showed that HRM1 protein was enriched in mitochondria.
Co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that HRM1 associates with the complex‐I in mitochondria. Compared with the WT plants, metabolic activities related to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) were higher in hrm1 mutants during hypoxia. Loss of HRM1 caused de‐repression of mETC complex I, II, and IV activities and higher basal and maximum respiration rates under hypoxia.
Our results showed that through association with complex‐I, HRM1 attenuates mETC activity and modulates the respiratory chain under low oxygen. Compared with the regulatory system in mammalian, adjustment of mitochondrial respiration to low oxygen helps plants decrease reactive oxygen species production and is also critical for the submergence survival.
LFV Higgs and Z-boson decays: leptonic CPV phases and CP asymmetries
Authors: Abada A. , Kriewald J. , Pinsard E. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. , Teixeira A. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHeavy neutral leptons are motivated by several extensions of the Standard Model and their presence induces modifications in the lepton mixing matrix, including new Dirac and Majorana CP violating phases. It has been recently shown that these phases play an important role in lepton number and lepton flavour violating decays and transitions, with a striking impact for the predicted rates of certain observables. In this work, we now consider the potential role of the heavy neutral fermions and of the new CP violating phases in Higgs and Z-boson lepton flavour violating decays $$H,Z\rightarrow \ell _\alpha ^\pm \ell _\beta ^\mp $$

H
,
Z
→

ℓ
α
±

ℓ
β
∓

, as well as in the corresponding CP asymmetries. In order to allow for a thorough analysis, we derive the full analytical expressions of the latter observables, taking into account the effect of the (final state) charged lepton masses. A comprehensive exploration of lepton flavour violating Z and Higgs decays confirms that these are very sensitive to the presence of the additional heavy neutral leptons. Moreover, the new CPV phases have a clear impact on the decay rates, leading to both destructive and constructive interferences. Interestingly, in the $$\mu \tau $$

μ
τ

sector, the $$Z\rightarrow \ell _\alpha ^\pm \ell _\beta ^\mp $$

Z
→

ℓ
α
±

ℓ
β
∓

rates are within reach of FCC-ee, with associated CP asymmetries that can potentially reach up to 20–30%.
Long‐Term Results of Congenital Aortic Stenosis Treatment in the Era of Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty: Up to 33 Years Follow‐Up
Authors: Materna Ondřej , Tax Petr , Tomek Viktor , Koubský Karel , Chaloupecký Václav , Janoušek Jan , Reich Oleg 
Published: June 2023

Background
The goal of this study was to evaluate long‐term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (BVPL) used exclusively for initial management of congenital aortic stenosis in children.

Methods and Results

A total of 409 consecutive pediatric patients (134 newborns, 275 older patients) who underwent BVPL as initial treatment of aortic stenosis in a single nationwide pediatric center were subjected to a retrospective follow‐up study. The resulting follow‐up time reached a median of 18.5 (interquartile range, 12.2–25.1) years. Successful BVPL was defined by residual Doppler gradient <70/40 (systolic/mean) mm Hg. The primary end point was death; secondary end points included any valve reintervention, balloon revalvuloplasty, any aortic valve surgery, and aortic valve replacement, respectively. BVPL effectively reduced the peak and mean gradient both immediately and at the latest follow‐up (
P
<0.001). There was significant procedure‐related progression of aortic insufficiency (
P
<0.001). Higher aortic annulus
z
score was predictive for severe aortic regurgitation (
P
<0.05) and lower
z
score for insufficient gradient reduction (
P
<0.05). The actuarial probability of survival/survival free from any valve reintervention was 89.9%/59.9%, 85.9%/35.2%, and 82.0%/26.7% at 10, 20, and 30 years after first BVPL, respectively. Left ventricular dysfunction or arterial duct dependency as the indication for BVPL was predictive of both worse survival and survival free from any reintervention (
P
<0.001). Lower aortic annulus
z
score and lower balloon‐to‐annulus ratio were predictive of a need for revalvuloplasty (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Percutaneous BVPL provides good initial palliation. In patients with hypoplastic annuli and left ventricular or mitral valve comorbidity, the results are less favorable.
Machine Learning for Mortality Prediction in Patients With Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Tian Pengchao , Liang Lin , Zhao Xuemei , Huang Boping , Feng Jiayu , Huang Liyan , Huang Yan , Zhai Mei , Zhou Qiong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: June 2023

Background
Machine‐learning‐based prediction models (MLBPMs) have shown satisfactory performance in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. However, their usefulness has yet to be fully elucidated in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction. This pilot study aims to evaluate the prediction performance of MLBPMs in a heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction cohort with long‐term follow‐up data.

Methods and Results
A total of 424 patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction were enrolled in our study. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Two feature selection strategies were introduced for MLBPM development. The “All‐in” (67 features) strategy was based on feature correlation, multicollinearity, and clinical significance. The other strategy was the CoxBoost algorithm with 10‐fold cross‐validation (17 features), which was based on the selection result of the “All‐in” strategy. Six MLBPMs with 5‐fold cross‐validation based on the “All‐in” and the CoxBoost algorithm with 10‐fold cross‐validation strategy were developed by the eXtreme Gradient Boosting, random forest, and support vector machine algorithms. The logistic regression model with 14 benchmark predictors was used as a reference model. During a median follow‐up of 1008 (750, 1937) days, 121 patients met the primary outcome. Overall, MLBPMs outperformed the logistic model. The “All‐in” eXtreme Gradient Boosting model had the best performance, with an accuracy of 85.4% and a precision of 70.3%. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.916 (95% CI, 0.887–0.945). The Brier score was 0.12.

Conclusions
The MLBPMs could significantly improve outcome prediction in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, which would further optimize the management of these patients.
Impact of NKG2D Signaling on Natural Killer and T‐Cell Function in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: David Christina , Ruck Tobias , Rolfes Leoni , Mencl Stine , Kraft Peter , Schuhmann Michael K. , Schroeter Christina B. , Jansen Robin , Langhauser Friederike , Mausberg Anne K. , Fender Anke C. , Meuth Sven G. , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: June 2023

Background
Typically defined as a thromboinflammatory disease, ischemic stroke features early and delayed inflammatory responses, which determine the extent of ischemia‐related brain damage. T and natural killer cells have been implicated in neuronal cytotoxicity and inflammation, but the precise mechanisms of immune cell‐mediated stroke progression remain poorly understood. The activating immunoreceptor NKG2D is expressed on both natural killer and T cells and may be critically involved.

Methods and Results

An anti‐NKG2D blocking antibody alleviated stroke outcome in terms of infarct volume and functional deficits, coinciding with reduced immune cell infiltration into the brain and improved survival in the animal model of cerebral ischemia. Using transgenic knockout models devoid of certain immune cell types and immunodeficient mice supplemented with different immune cell subsets, we dissected the functional contribution of NKG2D signaling by different NKG2D‐expressing cells in stroke pathophysiology. The observed effect of NKG2D signaling in stroke progression was shown to be predominantly mediated by natural killer and CD8
+
T cells. Transfer of T cells with monovariant T‐cell receptors into immunodeficient mice with and without pharmacological blockade of NKG2D revealed activation of CD8
+
T cells irrespective of antigen specificity. Detection of the NKG2D receptor and its ligands in brain samples of patients with stroke strengthens the relevance of preclinical observations in human disease.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into NKG2D‐dependent natural killer– and T‐cell–mediated effects in stroke pathophysiology.
Adverse Cardiovascular Events Associated With Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Fradley Michael G. , Nguyen Nam H. K. , Madnick David , Chen Yiqing , DeMichele Angela , Makhlin Igor , Dent Susan , Lefebvre Benedicte , Carver Joseph , Upshaw Jenica N. , DeRemer David , Ky Bonnie , Guha Avirup , Gong Yan 
Published: June 2023

Background
Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors have significantly improved survival in patients with hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer. There are few data regarding the epidemiology of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) with these therapies.

Methods and Results

Using the OneFlorida Data Trust, adult patients without prior cardiovascular disease who received at least 1 CDK4/6 inhibitor were included in the analysis. CVAEs identified from
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth
and
Tenth Revisions
(
ICD‐9/10
) codes included hypertension, atrial fibrillation(AF)/atrial flutter (AFL), heart failure/cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and pericardial disease. Competing risk analysis (Fine–Gray model) was used to determine the association between CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy and incident CVAEs. The effect of CVAEs on all‐cause death was studied using Cox proportional hazard models. Propensity‐weight analyses were performed to compare these patients to a cohort of patients treated with anthracyclines. A total of 1376 patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors were included in the analysis. CVAEs occurred in 24% (35.9 per 100 person‐years). CVAEs were slightly higher in patients who received CKD4/6 inhibitors compared with anthracyclines (
P
=0.063), with higher death rate associated with the development of AF/AFL or cardiomyopathy/heart failure in the CDK4/6 group. The development of cardiomyopathy/heart failure and AF/AFL was associated with increased all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 4.89 [95% CI, 2.98–8.05]; and 5.88 [95% CI, 3.56–9.73], respectively).

Conclusions
CVAEs may be more common with CDK4/6 inhibitors than previously recognized, with increased death rates in these patients who develop AF/AFL or heart failure. Further research is needed to definitively determine cardiovascular risk associated with these novel anticancer treatments.
Digital Footprints of Buddhism in Chinese-Speaking Cyberspace: Ethnography, Developments, and Challenges
Authors: Shmushko Kai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the state of the field of research on digital Buddhism, contextualizing the field within a broader scope. It discusses the present and future digital ethnographic study of Buddhism in the Chinese-speaking community by presenting the methodological approaches taken so far to study this phenomenon, the kinds of case studies explored, and the epistemological problems that are facing the scholars in this new field. Because of the particular historical, social, and political factors that comprise the Buddhist community in Chinese society (both in the PRC and ROC), Buddhist cyberspace should not be reviewed as an isolated phenomenon. Instead, Buddhist cyberspace should be considered part of three intersecting domains: religion, technology, and the market economy. These three domains have become increasingly central in Chinese society, as they rapidly change, evolve, and influence both the Chinese-speaking community and the ways in which scholars study it.
The Geopolitics of Public Health and China’s Digital Silk Road in Asia
Authors: Chen Zhixin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During this era of COVID-19, cooperation along the digital Belt and Road has been explored less than Beijing’s mask and vaccine diplomacy. China’s international engagement has certainly been reoriented to pandemic control and global health governance, particularly through digital technologies. To account for these developments, this article argues that digital health is emerging as a new venue for the rise of digital power. I focus specifically on the example of China’s Digital Silk Road (DSR), in particular medical artificial intelligence, in the wake of the pandemic. Drawing upon the DSR literature and the concept of health surveillance, this article investigates the role of digital health in expediting Silk Road cooperation, and it further speculates that digital health has become part of China’s political effort to reconcile the much-scrutinized security issues and the global demand for digital connectivity. Hence, it is indicative of China’s expanding digital power in the post-pandemic world.
Globalisation, COVID-19 and Income Distribution: A Theoretical Evaluation
Authors: Das Asmita , Sau Damayanti , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan 
Published: June 2023

The article makes a theoretical attempt to explain how different interconnected measures of globalisation—service led growth, tariff reform, agricultural trade liberalisation and capital account liberalisation—affect the skilled–unskilled wage disparity, sector-wise performance, income distribution and aggregate welfare of the economy. We pay attention to land augmenting technological progress as an essential ingredient of inclusive growth and discuss effects of COVID-19 as a supply shock. In so-doing, we construct a three-sector general equilibrium framework with an export-oriented service sector, a tariff-protected import competing manufacturing sector and an export-oriented traded agricultural sector. We find that service-led growth and tariff liberalisation shifts the income distribution in favour of the landed gentry and skilled labour. Agricultural trade liberalisation and capital account liberalisation also debilitate the income distribution. Land augmenting technological progress adversely impacts the manufacturing sector but benefits the other sectors. Following the outbreak of the pandemic, a fall in labour endowment and rise in transaction costs were observed. A decrease in the endowment of skilled labour reduces the production in service sector and increases the production of the manufactured commodity. The results are reversed when the endowment of unskilled labour decreases. An increase in transaction produces unfair outcome from the perspective of income distribution. In this context it becomes imperative to mention that, the construction of the three-sector general equilibrium framework is not new, and that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be reduced to just a supply shock. COVID-19 has elements of both supply shock and demand shock, but in this article, we address supply side dimensions of COVID shock in conjunction with the effects of lockdown. In addition, we also demonstrate the robustness of our results to an alternate assumption on the structure of the model. JEL Codes: D50, F66, J31
A Multisite Longitudinal Investigation of Psychological Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery in India
Authors: Kumar S. G. Prem , Vishwakarma Pankaj , Ranpise Dhanaji , Chavan Shobhana , Krishnan Radhika , Kurian Elizabeth , Team MFV Mental Health Study  
Published: June 2023

Background: Systematic data on mental health issues among adults with cataracts are not available from India. This study explored the impact of cataract surgery on depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in an adult Indian sample. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Subjects were recruited from four tertiary eye hospitals to assess depression, GA, and associated risk factors. A follow-up survey was carried out at 6 ( n = 273, group 1), 12 ( n = 198, group 2), or 18 months ( n = 105, group 3) post-cataract surgery. Variations in the intensity of depression and GA were assessed using multiple classification analysis (MCA). Results: A total of 576 patients completed both baseline and follow-up assessments. The mean (SD) depression score was 25.6 (8.5) before surgery and 8.6 (7.7), 9.9 (7), and 9.8 (6.8), respectively, post-surgery for the three groups on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The mean GA score was 6.7 (4.2) at baseline and 1.1 (2.3), 1 (1.8), and 0.6 (1.3) after surgery on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). MCA showed that factors with the highest impact on the mean change scores for both depressive and GA symptoms were restoration of vision post-surgery ( β = 0.381 and 0.185) in group 1, regaining functional independence and female sex in group 2 ( β = 0.192 and 0.23), and the presence of ocular comorbidities in the fellow eye ( β = 0.36 and 0.315) in group 3. Conclusion: Mental health symptoms improved significantly post-cataract surgery across the three groups. The urgent need to invest in strategies that enable early cataract case detection and treat ocular anomalies in the fellow eye is highlighted.
Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 Supplement on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Farzanegan Fahimeh , Nour Ghazal Ghasemi , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul 
Published: June 2023

Aim: One of the problems that orthodontists commonly face is the prolonged duration of the treatment. Therefore, it is important to find an effective method to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral administration of vitamin D3 on OTM rates in humans. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, we selected 29 healthy women aged 18–25 years who sought orthodontic treatment and required bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. Participants were tested to measure the blood levels of vitamin D3 and, based on the outcomes, were divided into three groups: control (without vitamin D3 deficiency; N = 10), placebo ( N = 9), and experiment ( N = 10), both with vitamin D3 deficiency. Subjects of the last two groups, who were randomly assigned, received 50,000 IU (International Unit) vitamin D3 pearls (Dana Pharmaceutical Company, Tabriz, Iran) or a placebo every 2 weeks for 2 months. Inclusion criteria were patients requiring bilateral extraction of the first premolar in the maxilla. The canines were retracted by nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil springs into the extraction sites. At the beginning, after 1 and 2 months, the distance between canine and lateral teeth on both sides was measured to calculate OTM. Results: In the first month ( t (1–2)), the mean values of OTM in the placebo group were higher than the other groups. However, during the second month ( t (2–3)) and overall ( t (1–3)), the experiment group showed a higher OTM. The experiment and control groups were statistically different in all three time periods ( P-value < .05). The difference between the experiment and placebo groups was only significant in t (2–3) ( P-value < .05). Whereas the placebo and control groups showed a significant difference in t (1–2) ( P-value < .05). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 deficiency seems to increase OTM. Receiving oral supplements of vitamin D3 may not have much effect on increasing the level of vitamin D3. The lowest OTM rate was observed in the control group.
Characteristics of molecular markers associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax strains from vivax malaria cases in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Ding Hongyun , Dong Ying , Deng Yan , Xu Yanchun , Liu Yan , Wu Jing , Chen Mengni , Zhang Canglin , Zheng Weibin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Chloroquine (CQ) has been the preferred clinical treatment for vivax malaria in Yunnan Province since 1958, with over 300,000 patients. This study aimed to help make trend predictions regarding variations the in anti-malarial drug susceptibility of Plasmodium vivax distributed in Yunnan Province and effectively implement monitoring measures on the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs for vivax malaria.

Methods
Blood samples collected from patients with mono-P. vivax infections were employed in this study based on the principle of cluster sampling. The whole gene of P. vivax multidrug resistance 1 protein gene (pvmdr1) was amplified by nested-PCR techniques and the PCR amplification produce were sequenced by Sanger bidirectional sequencing. The mutant loci and haplotypes of coding DNA sequence (CDS) were identified by comparison with the reference sequence (NC_009915.1) of the P. vivax Sal I isolate. Parameters such as Ka/Ks ratio were calculated using MEGA 5.04 software.

Results
A total of 753 blood samples from patients infected with mono-P. vivax were collected, of which 624 blood samples yielded the full gene sequence (4392 bp) of the pvmdr1 gene, with 283, 140, 119, and 82 sequences from 2014, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. A total of 52 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci were detected for the 624 CDSs, of which 92.3% (48/52), 34.6% (18/52), 42.3% (22/52), and 36.5% (19/52) SNPs were detected in 2014, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. All of 624 CDSs were defined for a total of 105 mutant haplotypes, with CDSs of 2014, 2020, 2021, and 2022 containing 88, 15, 21, and 13 haplotypes, respectively. Of the 105 haplotypes, the threefold mutant haplotype (Hap_87) was the starting point for stepwise evolution, and the most drastic tenfold mutations were Hap_14 and Hap_78, and the fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold, and eightfold mutations.

Conclusions
In the majority of vivax malaria cases in Yunnan Province, most of them were infected with strains carrying demonstrating highly mutated in pvmdr1 genes. However, the dominant mutation strains types varied from year to year, which warrants further exploration in order to confirm the correlation between with phenotypic changes in P. vivax strains and their susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine.