bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-year Weight Loss Maintenance With Obesity Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Weintraub Michael A , D’Angelo Debra , Tchang Beverly G , Sahagun Ageline D , Andre Clarissa , Aronne Louis J , Shukla Alpana P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Long-term treatment of obesity with lifestyle changes alone is unsustainable for most individuals because of several factors including adherence and metabolic adaptation. Medical management of obesity has proven efficacy for up to 3 years in randomized controlled trials. However, there is a dearth of information regarding real-world outcomes beyond 3 years.

Objective
This work aimed to assess long-term weight loss outcomes over a 2.5- to 5.5-year period with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and off-label antiobesity medications (AOMs).

Methods
A cohort of 428 patients with overweight or obesity were treated with AOMs at an academic weight management center with an initial visit between April 1, 2014, and April 1, 2016. Intervention included FDA-approved and off-label AOMs. The primary outcome was percentage weight loss from initial to final visit. Key secondary outcomes included weight reduction targets as well as demographic and clinical predictors of long-term weight loss.

Results
The average weight loss was 10.4% at a mean follow-up duration of 4.4 years. The proportions of patients who met the weight reduction targets of 5% or greater, 10% or greater, 15% or greater, and 20% or greater were 70.8%, 48.1%, 29.9%, and 17.1%, respectively. On average, 51% of maximum weight loss was regained, while 40.2% of patients maintained their weight loss. In a multivariable regression analysis, a higher number of clinic visits was associated with more weight loss. Metformin, topiramate, and bupropion were associated with increased odds of maintaining 10% or greater weight loss.

Conclusion
Clinically significant long-term weight loss of 10% or more beyond 4 years is achievable in clinical practice settings with obesity pharmacotherapy.
Morbidity Associated With Primary Hyperparathyroidism—A Population-based Study With a Subanalysis on Vitamin D
Authors: Soto-Pedre Enrique , Lin Yeun Yi , Soto-Hernaez Jimena , Newey Paul J , Leese Graham P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContextPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with increased risk of morbidity and death, and vitamin D levels are a potentially confounding variable.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess morbidity and mortality associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).MethodsIn this population-based retrospective matched cohort study, data linkage of biochemistry, hospital admissions, prescribing, imaging, pathology, and deaths was used to identify patients across the region of Tayside, Scotland, who had PHPT from 1997 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards models and hazards ratios (HR) were used to explore the relationship between exposure to PHPT and several clinical outcomes. Comparisons were made with an age- and gender-matched cohort.ResultsIn 11 616 people with PHPT (66.8% female), with a mean follow-up period of 8.8 years, there was an adjusted HR of death of 2.05 (95% CI, 1.97-2.13) for those exposed to PHPT. There was also an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24-1.45), cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.45), diabetes (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.54), renal stones (HR = 3.02; 95% CI, 2.19-4.17) and osteoporosis (HR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.16-1.49). Following adjustment for serum vitamin D concentrations (n = 2748), increased risks for death, diabetes, renal stones, and osteoporosis persisted, but not for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.ConclusionIn a large population-based study, PHPT was associated with death, diabetes, renal stones, and osteoporosis, independent of serum vitamin D concentration.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Jiayang , Yang Linjie , Huang Junlin , Liu Yating , Lei Xuzhen , Chen Ruxin , Xu Bingyan , Huang Chensihan , Dou Weijuan , Wei Xueyun , Liu Deying , Zhang Peizhen , Huang Yan , Ma Zhimin , Zhang Huijie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Relationships between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population remain unclear.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the association of circulating IGF-1 concentrations with CVD from a population-based cohort study.

Methods
A total of 394 082 participants without CVD and cancer at baseline from UK Biobank were included with measurements of serum IGF-1 at baseline. Main outcomes were incidence of CVD, including CVD mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and stroke.

Results
Over a median 11.6 years of follow-up, UK Biobank documented 35 803 incident CVD cases, including 4231 from CVD-related death, 27 051 from CHD, 10 014 from MI, 7661 from HF, and 6802 from stroke. Dose-response analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between IGF-1 levels and cardiovascular events. Compared with the third quintile of IGF-1, the lowest category of IGF-1 was associated with increased risk of CVD (hazard ratio 1.128; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.164), CVD mortality (1.294; 1.181 to 1.418), CHD (1.118; 1.078 to 1.159), MI (1.071; 1.008 to 1.139), HF (1.185; 1.107 to 1.268), and stroke (1.149, 1.070 to 1.235); also, the highest category was associated with increased risk of CVD (1.056; 1.020 to 1.094), CVD mortality (1.111; 1.000 to 1.236), CHD (1.070; 1.028 to 1.114), MI (1.111; 1.041 to 1.187) and HF (1.098; 1.015 to 1.188) after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusion
This study indicates that both low and high levels of circulating IGF-1 are associated with increased risk of CVD in general population. These results highlight the importance of monitoring IGF-1 status on cardiovascular health.
British Planters and the Origins of Wildlife Conservation in Colonial Sri Lanka
Authors: Guneratne Arjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article argues that the interests of coffee and tea planters in colonial Sri Lanka shaped the foundations of wildlife conservation policies, in which the state only played a secondary role. By destroying the forests of the highlands, they were the principal architects of ecological change on the island in the nineteenth century. Their principal mode of recreation, hunting, also shaped their engagement with natural history. Some were naturalists in their own right; others funneled specimens and observational data to other students of natural history. They lobbied for the first game laws, not through remorse for their own role in the destruction of wildlife (the “penitent butchers” thesis) but to keep the peasantry from competing for the species that they sought, which had been decimated by the actions of both groups. The way planters engaged with nature, through hunting and the pursuit of natural history, motivated them to preserve what was left of the island's wild fauna.
Technique for Validation of Intraoperative Navigation in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Rudy Robert F. , Farber S. Harrison , Godzik Jakub , Dugan Robert K. , Gandhi Shashank V. , Turner Jay D. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative 3-dimensional navigation is an enabling technology that has quickly become a commonplace in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). It provides a useful adjunct for percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Although navigation is associated with many benefits, including improvement in overall screw accuracy, navigation errors can lead to misplaced instrumentation and potential complications or revision surgery. It is difficult to confirm navigation accuracy without a distant reference point.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a simple technique for validating navigation accuracy in the operating room during MISS.

METHODS:
The operating room is set up in a standard fashion for MISS with intraoperative cross-sectional imaging available. A 16-gauge needle is placed within the bone of the spinous process before intraoperative cross-sectional imaging. The entry level is chosen such that the space between the reference array and the needle encompasses the surgical construct. Before placing each pedicle screw, accuracy is verified by placing the navigation probe over the needle.

RESULTS:
This technique has identified navigation inaccuracy and led to repeat cross-sectional imaging. No screws have been misplaced in the senior author's cases since adopting this technique, and there have been no complications attributable to the technique.

CONCLUSION:
Navigation inaccuracy is an inherent risk in MISS, but the described technique may mitigate this risk by providing a stable reference point.
Fewer Clicks, More Purchases
Authors: Unal Murat , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

E-commerce retailers are increasingly faced with challenges of finding ways to provide a seamless shopping experience to customers. The checkout process and its related touch points are especially critical in shaping the customer experience. We study the impact of adopting one-click buying, a feature that reduces the number of steps required to place a purchase order to a single click, on subsequent customer behavior. Using quasi-experimental data over a period of 35 months from an online retailer before and after the launch of one-click buying, we find adopting one-click buying is effective in lifting customer purchases and does so by making treated customers purchase more often and more items. The impact of adopting one-click buying on customer purchases after adoption is economically significant, persistent over time, and heterogeneous across customers. Analyzing clickstream data of customer activity online and purchases across product categories, we provide evidence that the increase in purchases is driven by richer engagement through both more visits to the website and more page views on visit and the expansion of purchases across categories. We discuss the implications of our findings for customer experience and targeting. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4716 .
A scoping review of burn care in Southeast Asia
Authors: Handayani Estrin , Wahyuningtyas Eka Sakti , Nugroho Hananto Ponco 
Published: February 2023

Background: Non-fatal burns are a major cause of morbidity, with incidents often occuring at home and at work. Almost all burn cases occur in the WHO region, precisely in African and Southeast Asian countries. Yet, the epidemiology of these injuries, especially in the WHO-defined Southeast Asian Region, has yet to be adequately defined. Method: A scoping review of the literature was performed to identify epidemiology of thermal, chemical, and electrical burns in the WHO-defined Southeast Asian Region. The database search screened 1023 articles in total, of which 83 articles were assessed for eligibility at a full-text level, and 58 of these were excluded. Therefore, 25 full-text articles were included for data extraction and analysis. Results: Data analysed included demographics, injury details, burn mechanism, total body surface area burned, and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Despite the steady increase on burns research, the Southeast Asian region is still limited in terms of burns data. This scoping review has shown that the largest set of articles on burns come from Southeast Asia, indicating the importance of reviewing data at a regional or local level, as global studies tend to be dominated by data from high-income countries.
Method for Combined Ground-Based Umkehr and SBUV Ozone Profilers for Improved Monitoring of Stratospheric Ozone Trends
Authors: DeLuisi John , Longenecker David , Mateer Carl 
Published: February 2023

The Umkehr and SBUV methods for deriving stratospheric ozone profile information are based upon backscatter and forward scatter of ultraviolet radiation. A strong relationship exists between the two types of measurements when the instruments view the same atmosphere. An algorithm was developed to estimate SBUV albedo from Umkehr measurements, therefore, permitting a continuous check on the calibration of the SBUV which is known to drift with time.
We will present the preliminary results of our method to estimate the calibration change of SBUV and the effect that this change produces on stratospheric ozone profile trends. We will also describe the errors associated with the mathematical and experimental aspects of the combined method.
Design Philosophy For Moderate Plus And Minus Power Aspherical Lenses
Authors: Guilino Günther H. , Wehmeyer K. 
Published: February 2023

Classification
1. Application Aspects:
1.1 Aspherical lenses designed mainly to improve the peripheral imaging quality. Such aspherical surfaces are used when the effects of bending no longer lead to success in the high plus range over (+8 D).
1.2 Aspherical lenses designed mainly for cosmetic purposes. Such aspherical surfaces are used in the high minus power range below (-8 D). From the corrective center area towards the periphery there is a continuous transition of the surface in order to flatten out the steep concave curvature. In this process the edge thickness is reduced dramatically. The lenticular design here does not, however, have any steps or edges and so offers a better cosmetic appearance than conventional lenticulars.
1.3 Aspherical lenses with a continuous power increase. Such lenses are termed Progressive Addition Lenses (PALs). They are designed for a comfortable correction of presbyopia and have the advantage of showing no optical discontinuities over the whole visual field.
1.4 Aspherical lenses with increased comfort in wear. In the moderate power range, ametropes can indeed be provided with a truly satisfactory correction using the standard solution of spherical surfaces. If, however, aspherical surfaces are used, then the wearing properties can be improved to a large extent. By wearing comfort we mean the result of harmonizing such different characteristics as the imaging properties, the weight and the cosmetic appearance. The optimization processes provides for the reduction of center or rim thickness, for a lower bending (so that the lens apex will no longer protrude so far out of the frame plane with larger eyeshapes) and at the same time the optical quality of the spherical standard should be maintained or even improved.
An evaluation of trace elements and oxidative stress in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Günizi Hüseyin , Savaş Hasan Basri 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesVertigo and Dizziness are a common complaint among the reasons for applying to the ear nose throat clinic. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of perpheric vertigo. Oxidative stress is caused by the formation of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, which are reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between complaints and serum trace element and oxidative stress levels in patients with BPPV.MethodsThis study was conducted with 66 adult patients who presented to the ENT policlinic with the complaint of vertigo and were diagnosed with BPPV between May 2020 and September 2020. Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with BPPV to measure serum Zn and Cu levels and oxidative stress levels during an attack.ResultsThe mean ages of the study patients and healthy controls were 45.7 ± 15.1 and 44.7±13.2. Female / Male ratio were 28(42.5%)/38(57.5%) and 32(48.5%)/34(51.5%) in study and control group. We found serum Cu levels were lower in the patient group (p <0.05). Serum Total Thiol and Native Thiol values were lower in patients with BPPV. Total Thiol results were statistically significant.(p<0.05) Disulfide values were significantly higher in the disease group. (P <0.05). Thiol Oxidized / Thiol Reduced ratio (2243.6±6.7/343.8±125.3) was higher in control group. (p<0.05)ConclusionSerum oxidative stress and trace elements play a role in the pathophysiology of BPPV. We present the cut-off values for Cu and Zn in vertigo patients for the first time in the literature. We think that these cut-off values of the trace elements and thiol/disulfide hemostasis can be used clinically by physicians in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of vertigo.
Concussion knowledge, attitudes, and norms: How do they relate?
Authors: Nedimyer Aliza K. , Chandran Avinash , Kossman Melissa K. , Gildner Paula , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundRelationships between the constructs of concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and norms and their influence on observed care-seeking behaviors have previously been examined. Current models posit that these constructs serve as potential mediators of care-seeking behaviors; however, the dynamics between them have yet to be reconciled.MethodsA cross-sectional, online survey explored relationships among the latent constructs of concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and norms in parents of middle school children who participate in sports in multiple settings. A just-identified and two overidentified path models were explored and compared in an effort to understand such relationships.ResultsA total of 426 parents of United States middle school students were surveyed and included in analyses (mean age = 38.7±9.9 years; 55.6% female; 51.4% white/non-Hispanic; 56.1% with at least a bachelor’s degree). All parents had middle school aged children who participated in sport in both the club and school settings. The best fitting model was a just-identified model with concussion-related norms influencing concussion-related knowledge and attitudes, and concussion-related knowledge influencing attitudes. This model accounted for 14% of the variance in attitude and 12% of the variance in knowledge.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest that the constructs of concussion-related knowledge, attitudes and norms are directly related to one another, yet the dynamics of such relationships may be complex. As such, a parsimonious interpretation of these constructs may not be appropriate. Future research should work to further reconcile the dynamics between these constructs, and the impact these dynamics may have in influencing care-seeking behaviors beyond serving as mediators.
Jean Grondin i aktualność jego perspektywy hermeneutycznej dla Europy i świata
Authors: Szymczyński Tomasz R. 
Published: February 2023

Europa i świat szczególnie ostatnimi czasy napotykają ponownie na coraz to nowe wydarzenia i procesy, których ujmowanie w kategoriach innych niż cierpienie byłoby trudne do uzasadnienia. Taki stan rzeczy prowokuje do formułowania pytań o sens egzystencji wpisanej w tego rodzaju okoliczności. W tym kontekście Jean Grondin, wychodząc od założeń hermeneutyki filozoficznej Hansa-Georga Gadamera, przekonuje, by zamiast przyzwalać na założenie o relatywizmie, co niesie szereg daleko idących konsekwencji dla naszego rozumienia otaczającego nas świata, powracać do tkwiącego u podstaw kultury zachodniej stanowiska, że sensownie można rozważać egzystencję człowieka wyłącznie w wyraźnie zarysowanych dla niej granicach, gdyż tylko wówczas mamy szanse na odnalezienie stosownej miary w odniesieniu do tego, jak określić nasze miejsce i jego sens. Brak zgody na ów relatywizm Grondin uzasadnia poprzez zwrócenie uwagi na fundamentalne rozróżnienie między fragmentami i całością rzeczywistości, którego zlekceważenie uznaje za jedną z ważnych przyczyn popularności tego współczesnego nurtu.
Na tej podstawie ukazuje się, że właśnie w wyniku braku adekwatnego rozpoznania tego wyzwania w obszarze nauki i edukacji nasz świat społeczny zdaje się podlegać postępującej radykalizacji o dychotomicznym kształcie. Z jednej strony, staje się coraz bardziej zmatematyzowany, a z drugiej, trudna sztuka mądrości praktycznej ulega degradacji w wyniku daleko idącej polityzacji, w ramach której coraz większy rozdźwięk uwidacznia się między tym, co deklarowane oraz tym, co faktyczne. Natomiast zadanie problematyzowania tego stanu rzeczy, które powinno być traktowane jako jeden z zasadniczych celów nauk humanistycznych i społecznych zastąpione bywa jedynie skrupulatnym odnotowywaniem tego, co w efekcie braku tego rodzaju refleksji się wokół nas oraz z nami dzieje.
Geneza Trójkąta Weimarskiego i jego rola w integracji Europy po zakończeniu zimnej wojny
Authors: Fiszer Józef M. 
Published: February 2023

Artykuł przedstawia genezę Trójkąta Weimarskiego i jego rolę w integracji Europy po zakończeniu zimnej wojny. Na temat Trójkąta Weimarskiego, choć minęło już trzydzieści lat od jego utworzenia w literaturze przedmiotu w Polsce, Niemczech i Francji nadal krążą sprzeczne oceny i opinie. Z jednej strony podkreśla się jego duże znaczenie w procesie akcesji Polski do struktur euroatlantyckich, tj. do NATO i Unii Europejskiej (UE), a z drugiej strony deprecjonuje się jego rolę w reorientacji polityki zagranicznej Polski po 1989 roku podkreślając, że racja stanu Polski została podporządkowana interesom Niemiec i Francji.
Zarówno w Polsce, jak i w Niemczech czy Francji Trójkąt Weimarski często był i jest nadal traktowany instrumentalnie, zwłaszcza przez polityków, którzy wykorzystują go do bieżącej polityki międzynarodowej i w relacjach dwustronnych. Tymczasem nie ulega wątpliwości, że odegrał on dużą rolę nie tylko w procesie utworzenia UE, ale również determinował jej poszerzanie i pogłębianie, choć jego potencjał i możliwości nie były w pełni wykorzystane. Można stwierdzić, że odegrał on dużą rolę w integrowaniu Europy po zakończeniu zimnej wojny.
Analiza działalności Trójkąta Weimarskiego oraz jego sukcesów i porażek pokazuje, że jest on wciąż niezbędnym podmiotem w stosunkach międzynarodowych i powinien odgrywać istotną rolę w procesach integracji Europy. Nadal też powinien odgrywać zasadniczą rolę w umacnianiu trójstronnej polsko-niemiecko-francuskiej współpracy i umacnianiu pozycji Unii Europejskiej w stosunkach międzynarodowych, której aktywność w ostatnich latach mocno zmalała. Renesans Trójkąta Weimarskiego jest nie tylko możliwy, ale wręcz niezbędny w obecnej sytuacji międzynarodowej w Europie i na świecie, którą determinuje agresja Rosji na Ukrainę oraz groźba wybuchu trzeciej wojny światowej.
High-energy proton detector based on semiconductor telescope
Authors: Shen GuoHong , Zhang ShenYi , Quan Lin , Tian Chao , Zhang HuanXin , Chang Zheng , Zhang XianGuo , Zhang Xin , Sun Ying , Yang Ze , Sun Yueqiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Space radiation particles will cause a variety of radiation effects on orbiting satellites, such as single event effects, total ionizing dose, displacement damage, etc. In response to these space radiation effects, BeiDou Navigation satellites M15/M16 operating in medium earth orbit (MEO) developed the first integrated monitor for high-energy proton and particle radiation effects, based on space particle radiation detection technology. This payload realizes the joint observation of the high-energy proton environment, particle radiation linear energy transfer spectrum, and total radiation dose in the MEO. According to the detection data, research on the characteristics and laws of the space particle radiation effects can be carried out, and the problem of spacecraft reliability verification in orbit can be solved from the causal chain. In this article, we have introduced the high-energy proton detector (energy range 3–300 MeV), including technical indicators, working principles, instrument design, and ground calibration.