bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an organic-based electrolyte bath in electropolishing of pure metallic nickel and cobalt at the nanoscale
Authors: Karim Wrya O. , Ahmed Harez 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study presents a successful electropolishing process applied to two highly valuable metals, namely nickel and cobalt, within a choline chloride-lactic acid eutectic mixture at a mole ratio of 1:2. The electrochemical investigation encompassed the acquisition of voltage-current (V-I) and current-time (I-t) profiles. The optimization of electrochemical conditions was achieved by systematically varying the applied voltage within the range of 1.0 to 12.0 V. Remarkably, maintaining a voltage of 4.0 V for a duration of 40 minutes at a temperature of 25°C yielded a mirror-like surface finish. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis substantiates the effective electropolishing of both nickel and cobalt surfaces. Further characterization employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) enabled quantification of surface topography for both unpolished and electropolished regions. Specifically, for nickel, the surface roughness values (Ra) exhibited a reduction from 301.2 nm to 112.0 nm after electropolishing. Similarly, cobalt surfaces demonstrated a decrease in Ra from 315.2 nm to 89.9 nm upon electropolishing, further confirming the effectiveness of the electropolishing process.
Antioxidant activity, Dielectric and Electrical Properties of N-benzyl-N'-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) propanimidamide.
Authors: Louiz Sonia , Labiadh Houcine , Abderrahim Raoudha , Othmani Abdelhak 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article mainly focuses on recent advances in the study of the interesting electronic and biological powers of the N-benzyl-N'-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) propanimidamide. The selected amidine has been previously synthesized, characterized in a previous publication and we present in this research the study of the antioxidant application, electrical activity and dielectric studies of the cristal. In this context, the amidine and the corresponding imidate were compared with ascorbic acid as a reference and showed an interesting antioxidant power, especially in Ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity and Hydroxyl Radical (OH.) Scavenging. We also studied electrical activity as a function of frequency, impedance and alternating conductivity. The obtained results showed that the compound can be used in order to complex and impedance spectroscopy showed that synthesized amidine is a good short-range proton conductor. Impedance measurements approve the input of the resistive grain frontier on the conduction mechanism. Then, it evidences the existence of many electrical relaxation phenomena in the studied sample. The dielectric constant is temperature dependent indicating that the crystal is a polar dielectric compound and the dipole orientation is governed by increasing temperature.
Controlled Experimental &amp; Questionnaire Survey:the Effect of Immersive VR in Promoting Spatial Perceived Learning
Authors: Zan Hui , Zhong Da , Jin Liangliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Because of its immersion, interactivity and multi-perception, virtual reality technology has cracked the bottleneck of cultivating three-dimensional spatial perception ability in 2D or super 2D environments, providing favorable conditions for cultivating learners' spatial perception ability. However, due to the inherent technical characteristics of VR, whether the cognitive load of learners' spatial ability is reduced in teaching practice is still a controversial issue. Based on that, this paper attempts to explore the effect of VR teaching environment on the cultivation of spatial ability using controlled experimental & questionnaire surveys. Firstly, with the assumption that VR technology can effectively promote spatial perception ability, a controlled experimental participated by 113 persons was designed to observe the retention effect of learning by comparing the learning of constellation recognition in different environments, VR environment as the experimental group, and the 2D and super 2D environments as the comparison group. Second, a questionnaire survey on the effectiveness of teaching based on VR environment was analyzed, focusing on five dimensions of attention, motivation, perceived learning effectiveness, reflective thinking and usability, and 217 copies were distributed. The results of the data analysis of the two groups showed that the score of the spatial ability test of the VR learning group was better than that of the other two groups. The learners were also positive about the VR teaching method, with girls being more actively engaged than boys. Thus, the hypothesis that the VR environment is conducive to the development of spatial ability is proved, which is reflected in the improvement of learners' spatial visualization ability and their high learning enthusiasm.
Research on Evaluation of Resilience and Improvement Strategy of Changchun Transportation System Based on Natural Hazard Risk Assessment
Authors: Wan Ziyang , Lang Qiuling , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Jiquan , Chen Yanan , Liu Gexu , Liu Huanan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urban transportation systems play a vital role in the development of modern cities. However, urban transportation systems face many natural disaster challenges. In this paper, the natural disaster risk assessment theory is used to evaluate the resilience of the transportation system in Changchun City, and 22 indicators are selected through the four aspects of hazard, vulnerability, exposure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, and the combination weights of the indicators are obtained by using the three-scalar hierarchical analysis method combined with the entropy weight method. At the same time, GIS was used to process and visualize these data, and the final toughness zoning was obtained by superposition analysis, which proved that the method has high accuracy and feasibility through example verification, and can provide scientific basis for the improvement and optimization of urban transportation system. Combined with these results, the spatial distribution characteristics of the transportation system toughness are found through the introduction of traffic flow indicators and spatial analysis, and relevant improvement measures are proposed. This paper comprehensively analyzes and evaluates the transportation system toughness in Changchun, which provides an important reference for the improvement of the transportation system.
DCC: CF-MIMO- A new Dynamic Cooperation Cluster Driven Cell-Free Massive MIMO Architecture Network for Future Networks
Authors: Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Akhter Haseena , Mustafa Frahana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates and studies the Cell Free massive Multiple Input Multiple Output ( MIMO ) in which Access pints are aided by the optimized multiple antenna system. The proposed cell-free network has the ability to address many of the interference problems that currently affect cellular networks. More importantly in such networks a major issue and the research problem is to practically achieve cell free operation and desired computing efficiency. Fronthaul needs and scalability for larger networks are other challenges which needs due consideration. To address such challenging issues, we incorporate the concept of dynamic cooperation cluster to develop a new framework for scalable CF-Massive-MIMO system. The A* Algorithm has been exploited to enhance the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SNIR), capacity and throughput. Moreover, the traditional channel estimation, pre-coding, and combining techniques have also been scaled in the proposed technique. A new Uplink and Downlink duality based on vector combining is demonstrated for the heuristic creation of precoding vectors.
Performance of Publicly Available Large Language Models on Internal Medicine Board-style Questions
Authors: Tarabanis Constantine , Zahid Sohail , Mamalis Marios , Zhang Kevin , Kalampokis Evangelos , Jankelson Lior 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate the performance of four large language models (LLMs) on internal medicine board-style examination questions from the Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program released by the American College of Physicians. GPT4 outperformed GPT3.5, human users, LaMDA and LLaMA 2 in that order. A drop in GPT4 performance when accessing its API versus its publicly available chatbot (ChatGPT) was recovered through fine tuning in the form of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine.
On the Relationship of the Diagonal Method With the Continuum Hypothesis and Self-referential Propositions
Authors: KUNT İBRAHİM 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cantor used a hypothetical list to prove that real numbers in the range (0,1) are uncountable. The indexes of the numbers in this list are natural numbers, and I agree that Cantor's proof is true for a list where the indexes are natural numbers. However, Cantor proved that the cardinality of real numbers in the in the range (0,1) is larger than ω in this proof. ω1 is a larger cardinal than ω and the proposition ω \not\approx ω1 is true.Therefore, I add a real number to this list that I assume is in the range (0,1) and has an index of ω1. Then, I use a similar method to what Cantor did with his hypothetical list; I mean I try to find a real number that is not in the range (0,1) in my new hypothetical list. However, this new method differs from the Cantor diagonal method because in this new list, it is assumed that there is a real number whose index is not a natural number. I call this new method DM2 and using this method, I study the cardinality of digits of real numbers that exist in a defined range. I present some new results regarding the Continuum Hypothesis via this method. Finally, using the relationship of self-referential propositions and incompleteness theorems with the diagonal method, I examine the relationship of DM2 with self-referential propositions and incompleteness theorems and present new results.
Temperature-dependent cutting physics in orthogonal cutting of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composite
Authors: Ge Jia , Tan Wei , Ahmad Shahzad , Falzon Brian G. , Catalanotti Giuseppe , Higgins Colm , Jin Yan , Sun Dan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The global commitment towards reducing carbon emissions drives the implementation of sustainable carbon-fibre-reinforced-thermoplastic composites (CFRTPs). However, the machining of CFRTPs presents challenges due to the material’s ductile-brittle composition and sensitivity to machining-induced high temperatures. For the first time, we conducted temperature-controlled orthogonal cutting of CFRTP (using CF/PEKK as a demonstrator) to unveil its temperature-dependent cutting physics. Three representative cutting temperatures, 23 ℃ (ambient temperature),100 ℃ (< PEKK’s glass transition temperature (Tg)) and 200 ℃ (> Tg) and four typical fibre cutting orientations (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) have been investigated. The evolution of chip microstructural morphology and surface/subsurface damage have been analysed by advanced microscopy to reveal temperature-dependent material removal mechanisms. The experimental results were elucidated through a novel microscale finite-element-analysis (FEA) model considering thermal softening of the matrix and interface. Results show the transition of the cutting physics with increasing temperature is associated to the degradation of the thermoplastic matrix stiffness/ultimate strength and interface bonding strength and fracture toughness, especially when > Tg.
Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays) to zinc fertilizers in acidic Ferralsols of Western Kenya
Authors: MUTAMBU DOMINIC MWANZIA 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was undertaken in Western Kenya to: i) determine maize and common bean grain yield response to zinc oxide, zinc sulphate and chelated zinc and ii) establish the maize and common bean grain zinc concentration response to fertilizers. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design constituting twelve treatments in 7 m by 4.5 m plots replicated four times. The treatments were NPK only (No Zn application), NPK + nano-particulate ZnO (10, 15 and 20 kg Zn ha-1), NPK + zinc sulphate hepta-hydrate (11.4, 17 and 20 kg Zn ha-1) each as one-time and split application, NPK + nano-particulate ZnO foliar (2 g litre-1) and NPK + chelated zinc foliar (1 millilitre litre-1). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and means separated by Fisher’s Least Significant Difference at 95% confidence interval. Soil analysis before the trial layout showed that the pre-planting soil was moderately acidic (pH = 5.0), Zn deficient (DTPA Zn = 0.66 ppm), and P deficient (Olsen P = 3.60 ppm). Over the three seasons, maize grain yield ranged from 4.2 to 6.4 t ha-1 while bean grain yield was 0.32 to 1.68 t ha-1. Maize grain Zn ranged from 18.8 to 23.6 mg kg-1. Soil-applied ZnO, ZnSO4, ZnO foliar and Zn-chelate increased the maize grain Zn levels from 18.8 mg kg-1 in the control to 20.3, 22.3, 21.0 and 22 mg kg-1, respectively. The common bean grain Zn ranged from 23.03 to 30.3 mg kg-1 and was significantly increased (19.3%) by the application of zinc. This study demonstrated that Zn applications targeting grain Zn bio-fortification are more successful in common beans than maize. Therefore, the study recommends agronomic bio-fortification of the common bean by Zn application over maize in Western Kenya.
Income Inequality in the Face of Climate Change: An Empirical Investigation on Unequal Nations, Vulnerable Regions and India
Authors: SenGupta Swapnanil , Atal Aakansha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Climate change stands as the paramount challenge of our era, characterized by intricate and ever-evolving dynamics. While considerable attention has been dedicated to examining the impact of climate change on financial stability and economic productivity, there has been comparatively less emphasis placed on exploring the income inequality impacts of climate change. This paper provides a detailed empirical analysis of how climate change impacts income inequality in 43 countries most vulnerable to climate change, 39 most unequal countries in terms of income distribution and India separately, spanning the period from 1971 to 2021. The research utilizes different climate change datasets to check the effects of particular aspects of climate change and deploys a standard panel regression analysis followed by a series of robustness checks to confirm the soundness of the results, and autoregressive distributed lag bounds test approach to analyse the link for India. In general, our empirical analysis concludes that climate change, quantified by three different indices, has deleterious effects on income distribution in both the groups and in the short- and long-run for India, after controlling for conventional determinants of income inequality, in line with existing theory and related studies. This conclusion is robust with alternative estimation techniques and sets of control variables.
JEL Codes: D31, O10, O15, Q54
An Integrated Spherical Cubic Fuzzy ELECTRE-I Decision-Making Algorithm for Enhancing Online Banking Security
Authors: Nabeel Muhammad , Ali Ghous 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to the quick advancement of computer technology, the relevance of information has increased significantly for the banking sector. Protecting information security has consequently become a top priority for all banks. To solve this problem, we provide a unique strategy that extends an outranking technique named "ELiminating Et Choice Translating REality (ELECTRE)" in the context of a spherical cubic fuzzy (SCF) environment. Our suggested SCF-ELECTRE-I technique uses concordance and discordance sets, and a directed decision graph is used to offer the best option. Hence, based on score and accuracy levels, we establish three types of concordance and discordance sets: weak, medium, and strong. We intend to provide a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) strategy for evaluating online banking security concerns by combining these sets. We investigate the application of our suggested method and conduct a comparison with a few existing symmetrical approaches in order to confirm its validity and dependability.
Factores asociados al uso del equipo de protección personal en el contexto intrahospitalario durante la COVID-19
Authors: Fernandez Bruna Espinoza 
Published: September 2023

Introducción: En el contexto actual de pandemia por COVID-19, los establecimientos de salud implementaron protocolos de atención para prevenir el contagio entre los usuarios y el personal sanitario. Una de las principales medidas de protección fue el uso del equipo de protección personal (EPP). La evidencia indica la existencia de factores personales e institucionales que intervienen en su utilización.
Objetivo: Determinar factores personales, laborales y del contexto sanitario del personal que intervienen en el uso del EPP.
Metodología: Diseño cuantitativo, correlacional. Los criterios de inclusión consideraron a miembros del equipo de enfermería que trabajaron en atención directa con usuarios hospitalizados por COVID-19; muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, de correlación y regresión lineal de los datos.
Resultados: De los 154 funcionarios que participaron, el 78 % corresponde a profesionales de enfermería. Los factores conocimiento (r= 0.22; p= <0.001) y disponibilidad de los EPP (r= 0.25; p= <0.001) aumentan el uso de los EPP en procedimientos generadores de aerosoles.
Discusión: Los factores que garantizan el uso del EPP fueron conocimiento y disponibilidad del EPP; sin embargo, los efectos negativos por el uso prolongado de estos equipos en la salud física y mental del personal reducen el interés en utilizarlos.
Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten orientar la toma de decisiones en la implementación de actividades de capacitación, supervisión permanente y apoyo psicológico para el personal expuesto al riego de contagio por COVID-19 junto a estrategias eficientes en la gestión de los recursos materiales.
Las personas migrantes en tránsito por Costa Rica y sus necesidades
Authors: Morales-Quirós Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2023

Este estudio se basa en el análisis de las necesidades y los riesgos de las personas migrantes en tránsito que ingresaron por Paso Canoas, frontera sur de Costa Rica, en el tercer cuatrimestre de 2022 y la respuesta que brindó el Estado costarricense. El objetivo principal es analizar las necesidades de las personas migrantes y proponer mejoras en su atención; reflexionar sobre múltiples situaciones de riesgo que experimentan durante su ruta y la necesidad de recibir un trato digno, en apego a los derechos humanos. Mediante la metodología de investigación mixta, se consultaron fuentes científicas y se entrevistó a personas migrantes y personas de contacto directo con ellas. Los principales hallazgos identifican las necesidades que requieren respuesta y articulación institucional para su abordaje y protección. Asimismo, se evidencian actividades ilícitas a manos de la delincuencia organizada que vulneran la seguridad nacional, deficiencias en controles y registros, riesgos para la salud pública y se considera que la respuesta por parte del Estado debe mejorarse. Las principales conclusiones evidencian que las autoridades deben brindar atención integral a personas migrantes en tránsito, aumentar la coordinación institucional y fortalecer la seguridad en la frontera sur. Es urgente trabajar en la detección de situaciones de riesgo y condiciones de vulnerabilidad de las personas migrantes que transitan por Costa Rica y poner especial atención a personas menores de edad.
中國內地新冠疫情防控新做法的儒家反思
Authors: 陳 丹蕾 , 吳 靜嫻 
Published: September 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
2022年底，中國內地政府發佈了一系列政策，完成了新冠疫情防控從以＂政府”為主體的舊做法，到充分發揮＂家庭＋個人”主體作用的新做法的轉變。本文基於“仁愛”、＂公義”、＂誠信”及“和諧”等儒家生命倫理的四項基本原則，立足於防疫做法轉變過程中的行為主體，探討了防疫主體變化背景下的民派生活和健康保障問題、資源與財富分配公正問題、真實可靠資訊獲取問題、費用共擔與資源共用問題。本文認為，＂家庭＋個人＋政府”多主體協作防疫的實現是必然的；相較於防疫舊做法，新的防疫做法更加可持續。當下中國內地亟需加快恢復正常生產生活，緩解防疫主體變化對全社會帶來的＂陣痛”，與此同時總結經驗，為之後可能出現的疫情反復進行提前準備。
In late 2022, the central government of China introduced a series of policies for the mainland as part of a comprehensive transformation of COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control (PPC) from the traditional, government-centered approach to a novel approach that prioritizes individuals and families. Drawing upon the four fundamental principles of Confucian bioethics, namely “benevolence,” “justice,” “integrity,” and “harmony,” this paper examines the ethical challenges of safeguarding lives and health, ensuring a fair distribution of resources and wealth, obtaining accurate and reliable information, and openly sharing the costs and resources throughout this transformation in the PPC approach. By focusing on the key actors involved in the process, we propose that the shift from a government-centric to a collaborative “family + individual + government” approach is both necessary and sustainable. Accordingly, we advocate for accelerating the return to normal production and daily life to mitigate the societal “pain” associated with the transformation. Additionally, we urge the government to reflect on its previous experience and prepare for a possible pandemic recurrence.
Porcelaine of Eastern and Western Households: Similarities and Differences
Authors: GANİYEVA Fatma 
Published: September 2023

As known from history, clay has been an integral part of early human life during pre-era period. It also served as a means of protection for prehistoric humans against unfortunate events in nature besides serving their practical purposes. They referred to the vessels covered with transparent glaze as "safol" and the ones covered with opaque glaze as "porcelain". China vessels are household elements that have existed in the material-culture history of every nation during various periods. Whether preserved in Western or Eastern state museums, the porcelain vessels demonstrate that the art of pottery has developed significantly since the early Middle Ages.
Fine china is not only used as household items but are also employed in the production of various other material artifacts. Countries around the world utilize china as a means to convey their own culture. The article focuses on ceramic factories established in different countries during the 16th to 19th centuries, their developmental direction, as well as the examination of various decorated household objects such as cups, saucers, teapots, and vases with unique arrangements and designs that are preserved in the National Museum of Azerbaijan History. All of these mentioned aspects further emphasize the importance of studying the material culture of households and its individual components.
The Development of Primary School Architecture in Lithuania during the 1920s and 1930s: Historical Overview
Authors: Vilkončius Evaldas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to disclose the architectural development of primary school buildings in Lithuania during the 1920s and 1930s. Based on historical material the architecture of these buildings is analysed chronologically in several important aspects. First of all, the peculiarities of the construction of primary school buildings in the country are reviewed. Furthermore, the stylistic changes of such buildings and the factors that led to it are analysed. Lastly, attention is paid to the pursuit of functional convenience and its analysis, which also influenced the development of this type of building. This aims to reveal the essential aspects that determined the development of the architecture of primary school buildings in Lithuania at that time.