bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Activation of Beta‐Oxidation and De Novo Lipogenesis in MASLD‐HCC: A New Paradigm
Authors: Dahboul Fatima , Sun Jihan , Buchard Benjamin , Abeywickrama‐Samarakoon Natali , Pujos‐Guillot Estelle , Durand Stéphanie , Petera Mélanie , Centeno Delphine , Guerrieri Francesca , Cocca Massimiliano , Levrero Massimo , Rossary Adrien , Weil Delphine , Di Martino Vincent , Demidem Aicha , Abergel Armando 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we combine metabolomic and gene expression analysis to compare HCC tissues with non‐tumoural tissues (NTT).MethodsA non‐targeted metabolomic strategy LC–MS was applied to 52 pairs of human MASLD‐HCC and NTT separated into 2 groups according to fibrosis severity F0F1‐F2 versus F3F4. The expression of genes related to de Novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR and/or interrogation of RNA‐seq datasets in 259 pairs of tissues (MASLD‐HCC vs. VIRUS‐HCC).ResultsMetabolomic analysis revealed that acylcarnitines were the main discriminating metabolites according to fibrosis severity when we compared MASLD‐HCC‐F0F1‐F2 versus NTT and MASLD‐HCC‐F3F4 versus NTT. Based on these metabolomic data, the analysis of a panel of 15 selected genes related to DNL and FAO indicated that there is no difference between the 2 groups of MASLD‐HCC. In contrast the same comparative gene analysis according to the aetiology of HCC: MASLD‐HCC versus VIRUS‐HCC showed that both aetiologies shared the same upregulation of genes involved in DNL. However, five genes involved in FAO (HADHA, CRAT, CPT1, CPT2 and PPARA) are upregulated exclusively in MASLD‐HCC. This result indicates that FAO and DNL pathways are simultaneously activated in MASLD‐HCC in contrast to VIRUS‐HCC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, the involvement of adaptive metabolic pathways is different depending on the aetiology of HCC. Moreover, the dogma that simultaneous activation of FAO and DNL is incompatible in cancer would not apply to MASLD‐HCC.
Mortality in Autoimmune Liver Disease in Sweden: A Population‐Based Cohort Study of 9,654 Patients
Authors: Lasyte Imante , Widman Linnea , Bergquist Annika , Hagström Hannes 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsEpidemiological data on mortality in autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are scarce. We examined all‐cause and cancer‐related mortality in individuals with AILD from Sweden.MethodsWe identified 9654 individuals with AILD (3342 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 3751 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and 2561 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)) using national Swedish registries between 2001 and 2020. These were matched with 80 685 comparators from the general population at a ratio of 1:10 on age, sex, year of diagnosis and municipality. Rates of outcomes were estimated using Cox regression models, adjusted for matching factors and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and education.ResultsIndividuals with AILD had higher mortality than comparators (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.3, 95% CI = 2.2–2.4) and higher rates of cancer‐related death (aHR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.9–2.3). The presence of liver cirrhosis in AILD was related to even higher mortality, with aHR 5.8 (95% CI = 5.1–6.6). Both males and females with AILD had increased mortality (males aHR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.4–3.0, and females aHR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.1–2.3). The mortality was higher in individuals aged 18–50 years (aHR = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.6–5.8), than in individuals above 50 years (aHR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.1–2.3). Overall mortality rates and cancer‐related death were particularly high in individuals with PSC compared to their matched comparators, with aHR = 4.1 (95% CI = 3.2–5.2) and aHR = 6.4 (95% CI = 4.0–10.3), respectively.ConclusionsPatients with AILDs have increased rates of overall and cancer‐related mortality compared to matched comparators, and relative risks are highest in cirrhosis, younger age and PSC.
Factors associated with early onset hypocalcemia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shin Baek Sup , Shin Seung Han , Kim Ee‐Kyung , Kim Han‐Suk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEarly onset hypocalcemia, occurring within 3 days of birth, is prevalent among preterm infants. A central line is required to deliver calcium (Ca). The prediction of hypocalcemia is therefore clinically important when the requirement for initial intravascular calcium administration is anticipated.MethodsThis retrospective study included preterm infants born between 2019 and 2023 with a birthweight <1500 g or a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks in a single tertiary center. Hypocalcemia was defined as serum Ca <7 mg/dL or ionized calcium (iCa) <0.8 mmol/L within 72 h after birth. Perinatal factors and laboratory test results associated with hypocalcemia were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf the 348 infants, 20 died within 7 postnatal days, 22 were transferred to other hospitals, and eight were transferred from other hospitals and were thus excluded. Of 298 enrolled infants, 20 were diagnosed with hypocalcemia. In multivariate analysis, male sex, elevated day 1 phosphorus (d1P), magnesium (d1Mg) levels, and maternal premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were significant risk factors for early onset hypocalcemia. These factors, along with birthweight, a widely recognized risk factor, were used to develop predictive models for early onset hypocalcemia. Among the six suggested models, logistic regression exhibited the highest accuracy. Conversely, the random forest model outperformed others in the Youden index and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ConclusionsIn our cohort, early onset hypocalcemia was linked to male sex, lower GA, higher d1P and d1Mg, and maternal PROM. Notably, higher d1P has not been previously reported as a risk factor.
Trends in Specific Family Refusals for Pediatric Organ and Tissue Donation: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: de Souza Danton Matheus , Miranda Niflyer Costa , da Silva Pimentel Rafael Rodrigo , de Moraes Edvaldo Leal , dos Santos Marcelo José 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhen a family decides to donate the organs or tissues of their child with brain death, it is necessary to consider which organs or tissues will be donated. This phenomenon presents an ethical dilemma that is underexplored in the scientific literature, making it essential to examine this context to understand how refusals occur within donations.ObjectiveTo analyze the rates and trends of specific refusals for each organ and tissue from pediatric donors with brain death occurring between 2001 and 2020 in an Organ Procurement Organization in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, exploratory, retrospective, quantitative study. Data were derived from a database consisting of copies of organ and tissue donation authorization forms, organized, and subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses. This study adhered to international ethical guidelines.ResultsData from 109 real donors were analyzed. The bones, skin, and blood vessels had the highest refusal rates among tissues, as well as the pancreas and lungs for solid organs. Most organs and tissues showed a decreasing refusal trend except for the corneas, liver, and kidneys, which exhibited a stationary trend.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the refusals within real donations, with high refusal rates for tissues compared to solid organs.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Young Biliary Atresia Recipients Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in the Modern Era
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Yoeli Dor , Adams Megan A. , Wachs Michael E. , Feldman Amy G. , Taylor Sarah A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionBiliary atresia (BA) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in children. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with survival in young patients with BA in the modern era.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of BA patients aged < 2 years who received their first isolated LT with available data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (01/2013–12/2022). Factors included in the multivariable Cox regression were graft type, race/ethnicity, insurance status, laboratory pediatric end‐stage liver disease (PELD) score, history of portal vein thrombosis, and intensive care unit (ICU) status.Results1226 BA LT recipients aged < 2 years were included, of whom 501 (40.9%) received deceased donor whole grafts (DDWG), 425 (34.7%) received deceased donor technical variants (DDTV), and 300 (24.5%) received living donor LT (LDLT). LDLT recipients were more likely to be white (p = 0.008) and have private insurance (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that ICU status (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.23, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.72–6.08, p < 0.001) and DDTV graft vs. LDLT (HR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.14–8.04, p = 0.03) were associated with an increased risk of patient mortality. Factors associated with an increased risk of graft loss included ICU status (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19–3.00, p = 0.007) and both DDWG (HR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.65–6.87, p = 0.001) and DDTV (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.69–7.14, p = 0.001) grafts vs. LDLT.ConclusionLDLT is associated with improved survival in patients with BA aged < 2 years; however, socioeconomic differences exist between LDLT and non‐LDLT recipients. Efforts to promote early equitable referral to centers offering LDLT are essential for improving outcomes in young children with BA.
CMV Reactivation Following Allogeneic Transplantation in Children From a High‐Seroprevalence Population: A Single‐Center Experience in Colombia
Authors: Arias Andres , Builes Natalia , Niño‐Serna Laura , Diaz Alejandro , Aristizabal Beatriz H. , Trujillo Monica 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Data regarding CMV reactivation in children in underdeveloped countries is scarce. This is especially notable considering the increasing utilization of haploidentical‐related HSCT with the post‐transplant cyclophosphamide platform. This study aimed to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and evolution of children with CMV reactivation after HSCT and the possible impact of unmanipulated stem cells with PTCy for GvHD prophylaxis.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from January 2012 to June 2022. Baseline characteristics and the clinical course were described. Duration of treatment, initial viral load, and time to clearance of DNAemia by type of transplant were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis test. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 20.0.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six children were included. Among them, 87% of recipients and 88% of donors were CMV positive. The cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus DNAemia was 28% at 100 days post‐transplantation. There were no differences between different donor types. Overall survival at 1 year was 60%, and non‐relapse mortality was observed in 28%. CMV reactivation did not appear to negatively impact 1‐year overall survival (OS).ConclusionsOur study found no differences in CMV reactivation rates, treatment duration, viral clearance times, co‐infections, or 1‐year overall survival across different HSCT donor types. Studies are needed to establish more precise criteria for monitoring recipients, particularly in regions where unmanipulated stem cells with PTCy for GvHD prophylaxis are increasing.
Evaluating the Combined Neurotoxicity of Amyloid Beta and Tau Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Novel Cellular-Level Criterion
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A criterion characterizing the combined neurotoxicity of amyloid beta and tau oligomers is suggested. A mathematical model for calculating the value of this criterion during senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation is proposed. Computations show that for physiologically relevant parameter values, the value of the criterion increases approximately linearly with time. Once neurofibrillary tangles begin forming in addition to senile plaques, there is an increase in the slope characterizing the rate at which the criterion increases. The critical value of the criterion at which a neuron dies is estimated. Unless the production rates of amyloid beta and tau monomers are very large, computations predict that for the accumulated toxicity to reach the critical value, the neural machinery responsible for the degradation of amyloid beta and tau monomers and aggregates must become dysfunctional. The value of the criterion after 20 years of the aggregation process is strongly influenced by the deposition rates of amyloid beta and tau oligomers into senile plaques and NFTs. This suggests that deposition of amyloid beta and tau oligomers into senile plaques and NFTs may reduce accumulated toxicity by sequestering more toxic oligomeric species into less toxic insoluble aggregates.
Investigating the Combustion Performance of Dual Fuel Combustion With Diesel and Port Injected Hydrogen in A Large Bore Locomotive Engine
Authors: O'Donnell Patrick C. , Kazmouz Samuel J. , Wu Sicong , Klingbeil Adam , Lavertu Thomas , Jayakar Vijayaselvan , Sapkota Pradeep , Liu Shuaishuai , Wijeyakulasuriya Sameera , Ameen Muhsin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The heavy-duty transportation sector has primarily relied on conventional diesel combustion engines given their reliability and high thermal efficiency relative to spark ignition engines, but increased focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions has led to investigation into alternative fuels. Gaseous hydrogen fuel has garnered a great deal of recent interest in the engine community given it has zero carbon, but hydrogen is not available at the scale and cost that petroleum fuels are currently available, and this is a barrier to adoption for industries that are looking to decarbonize their operations. Because of the fuel flexibility provided, dual fuel technology offers a pathway for some industries to adopt hydrogen as a fuel source while maintaining sufficient flexibility in times and locations where the new fuel is not yet available. This computational study investigates dual fuel combustion in a large bore locomotive engine architecture using direct injected diesel and port injected gaseous hydrogen fuel. With an optimal port fuel injection configuration from previous work, simulations of varying substitution ratio, compression ratio, manifold air temperature, diesel injection timing, and diesel injection pressure were performed to understand their effect on combustion performance. Results indicated that both increased substitution ratio and higher intake air temperature accelerates hydrogen flame propagation and can result in high peak cylinder pressures. Additionally, diesel injection timing and injection pressure were demonstrated as effective methods for controlling dual fuel combustion heat release rates.
Utilizing Flexible Magnetic-Alloy Sheet With Rolling-to-Attaching Method to Fabricate a Smart Nail for Electromagnetic Screw-Hole Targeting in Intramedullary Interlocking-Nail Surgery
Authors: Kohli Mayank , Wong Tze-Hong , Hsu Wensyang , Chung Tien-Kan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel method to fabricate a smart nail for electromagnetic targeting of distal screw-holes in intramedullary interlocking-nail surgery. The nail is fabricated by using a flexible magnetic-alloy Metglas sheet with a rolling-to-attaching method. That is, among most high permeable magnetic materials, the Metglas sheet has superior features in flexibility and bendability and therefore can be rolled and inserted inside the nail to conform accordingly to curvature of internal surface of the nail. Regarding the targeting system, we used a conventional C-shaped electromagnet (which consists of a C-shaped silicon steel core, emitting coil, and receiving coil) with corresponding measurement electronic instruments as the targeting system. Initially, an AC input voltage is applied to the emitting coil to generate magnetic flux within the gap (i.e., air) between emitting coil and receiving coil. As a result of electromagnetic induction, an AC voltage is induced in the receiving coil. As the nail is axially moved or rotated within the gap (i.e., air) between the emitting and receiving coils, the magnetic flux between the coils is influenced, leading to a change in the voltage output of the receiving coil. This change in voltage is further assessed to identify location and orientation of the Metglas sheet (as well as that of screw holes). Based on this targeting principle, we conduct location and orientation targeting tests. Results show that our method not only can successfully achieve these targeting but also significantly simplifies the complexity of both targeting system and surgical procedure, in practical perspective.
K-Edge Measurement Technology Simulation Model Design
Authors: Li Wen-Tao , He Li-Xia , Bai Lei , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Yu-Qi , Zhao Hao-Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The K-edge technique is a nondestructive analysis (NDA) method that provides key data for nuclear material accountancy, mainly for the measurement of U and Pu concentrations in spent fuel reprocessing processes, with an analytical accuracy close to that of chemical analytical techniques. By analyzing the transmission spectrum of the light source absorbed by the sample, there is a distinct K-edge absorption jump in the spectrum at relatively high U concentrations, the intensity of which correlates with the U elemental concentration. The accuracy of the K-edge analysis technique is mainly affected by the K-edge absorption distance, the resolution of the detector, the intensity of the light source, and other parameters. Based on the principle of K-edge technology and particle transport theory, the article establishes the calculation model of K-edge measurement technology, which includes key components such as the continuous X-ray light source, high-purity germanium detector, cylindrical sample, collimator, and so on. In terms of light source setting, the light source function was obtained by linear interpolation method according to the X-ray light source model formula; in terms of K-edge absorption distance, the average K-edge absorption distance calculation method was adopted to improve the concentration calculation formula. The calibration factor was obtained under the experimental conditions with 8 mm diameter sample bottles. Under identical experimental conditions, the validation was tested out using samples with concentrations of 150 g/L. The reconstructed uranium concentrations were 148.5 g/L, with deviations of 1% between the initial values. To validate the average absorption distance calculation approach, a series of solutions with uranium concentrations ranging from 20 to 170 g/L were configured, and the calibration factors were computed. To further validate the correctness of the modified concentration calculation formula, the diameters of the sample bottles were altered to 6 mm and 10 mm, and the corresponding calibration factors were obtained, respectively. Verification experiments were subsequently carried out using solutions with concentrations of 150 g/L. The simulation outcomes validate the accuracy of the model and the modified concentration calculation formula. The calculation model constructed in the article combines with actual application scenarios to provide preliminary technical assurance for the expansion and optimization of K-edge measurement technology.
Development of the Incompatible Insect Technique targeting
Aedes albopictus
: introgression of a wild nuclear background restores the performance of males artificially infected with
Wolbachia
Authors: Lejarre Quentin , Scussel Sarah , Esnault Jérémy , Gaudillat Benjamin , Duployer Marianne , Mavingui Patrick , Tortosa Pablo , Cattel Julien 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The bacterium
Wolbachia pipientis
is increasingly studied for its potential use in controlling insect vectors or pests due to its ability to induce Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI). CI can be exploited by establishing an opportunistic
Wolbachia
infection in a targeted insect species through trans-infection and then releasing the infected males into the environment as sterilizing agents. Several host life history traits (LHT) have been reported to be negatively affected by artificial
Wolbachia
infection.
Wolbachia
is often considered the causative agent of these detrimental effects, and the importance of the host’s genetic origins in the outcome of trans-infection is generally overlooked. In this study, we investigated the impact of host genetic background using an
Aedes albopictus
line recently trans-infected with
w
Pip from the
Culex pipiens
mosquito, which exhibited some fitness costs. We measured several LHTs including fecundity, egg hatch rate, and male mating competitiveness in the incompatible line after four rounds of introgression aiming at restoring genetic diversity in the nuclear genome. Our results show that introgression with a wild genetic background restored most fitness traits and conferred mating competitiveness comparable to that of wild males. Finally, we show that introgression leads to faster and stronger population suppression under laboratory conditions. Overall, our data support that the host genome plays a decisive role in determining the fitness of
Wolbachia
-infected incompatible males.

IMPORTANCE

The bacterium
Wolbachia pipientis
is increasingly used to control insect vectors and pests through the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) inducing a form of conditional sterility when a
Wolbachia
-infected male mates with an uninfected or differently infected female.
Wolbachia
artificial trans-infection has been repeatedly reported to affect mosquitoes LHTs, which may in turn compromise the efficiency of IIT. Using a tiger mosquito (
Aedes albopictus
) line recently trans-infected with a
Wolbachia
strain from
Culex pipiens
and displaying reduced fitness, we show that restoring genetic diversity through introgression significantly mitigated the fitness costs associated with
Wolbachia
trans-infection. This was further demonstrated through experimental population suppression, showing that introgression is required to achieve mosquito population suppression under laboratory conditions. These findings are significant for the implementation of IIT programs, as an increase in female fecundity and male performance improves mass rearing productivity as well as the sterilizing capacity of released males.