bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Educational Intervention for Coronary Heart Disease Patients With Type D Personality: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: CAO Xi , CHAIR Sek Ying , WONG Eliza M. L. , TAO Mei Yi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundType D personality, a newly specified personality type defined as the interaction of high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition, is associated with poor health outcomes. Few interventional studies have been performed to improve health outcomes in this subpopulation.PurposeThis study was developed to examine the effects of an educational intervention on psychological health, health-promoting behaviors, and quality of life in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with type D personality in China.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was adopted. One hundred twenty-eight patients with CHD and type D personality were randomly assigned. The intervention group received the 12-week educational intervention in addition to usual care, whereas the control group received usual care only. Data on anxiety and depression, health-promoting behaviors, and quality of life were collected at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after enrollment. After controlling for the covariates, the generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the intervention effects.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 61.02 years, and more than 70% were male. Results of the generalized estimating equation analysis showed significantly greater improvements in anxiety, depression, and health-promoting behaviors in the intervention group than in the control group. In addition, quality of life, the domains of angina limitation, angina stability, and treatment satisfaction were found to have improved more significantly in the intervention group than the control group, whereas the posttest changes in angina frequency and disease perception were found to be similar in both groups.Conclusions/Implications for PracticeThe educational intervention was shown to be effective in improving psychological health, health-promoting behaviors, and certain domains of quality of life in patients with CHD and type D personality. Nurses should identify patients with this personality type and provide tailored care to improve their health outcomes in clinical practice.
Workplace Measures Against COVID-19 and Mistreatment in the Workplace Among Japanese Employees
Authors: Tsukahara Keita , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Ando Hajime , Mafune Kosuke , Nagata Tomohisa , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Kataoka Masaharu , Fujino Yoshihisa ,   for the CORoNaWork Project
Published: July 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify the COVID-19 infection prevention measures that are at risk of being perceived by employees as mistreatment in the workplace.

Methods
This study included full-time workers who enrolled as subjects in a nationwide prospective cohort study. Baseline surveys performed during the pandemic were used to identify the workplace measures against COVID-19. A tracing survey was conducted 1 year later to assess workplace mistreatment.

Results
Of the 18,170 participants, 276 judged that they had experienced mistreatment by the measures. “Enforcing daily temperature measurement” and “stopping business trips” were associated with mistreatment. Meanwhile, “requesting that employees refrain from going to work when ill” and “restricting work-related social gatherings and entertainment” had the potential to reduce workplace mistreatment.

Conclusions
Certain measures against COVID-19 can reduce or increase the burden on employees.
Risk stratification of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Chowdhury Junad M. , Brown Patrick , Kasarabada Aditya 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Pulmonary embolism is the third most frequent type of cardiovascular disease behind coronary artery disease and stroke. Patients with acute pulmonary embolism have significant variability in short-term mortality from less than 0.6% in low-risk patients to 19% in high-risk patients. Risk stratification plays an important role in the management of acute pulmonary embolism as it can determine the need for urgent reperfusion therapies versus conservative strategies.

Recent findings
The three fundamental steps of risk stratification include the immediate identification of patients that are at high risk for mortality, the identification of patients that are at an increased risk of complications from pulmonary embolism that requires hospital monitoring and potential escalation of therapies, and the identification of patients at a low risk that can be treated as an outpatient.

Summary
It is vital to immediately identify high-risk patients for mortality so that they can be evaluated for urgent reperfusion therapies to improve outcomes. Risk stratification for intermediate-risk patients is based on right ventricular dysfunction in patients with hemodynamic stability. RV dysfunction can be assessed by clinical signs and symptoms along with ECHO and cardiac biomarkers. Identifying the low-risk population can help reduce the healthcare burden by allowing for early discharge and outpatient management.
Impact of a Pediatric Emergency Medicine Pharmacist, Institutional Guideline, and Electronic Order Set on Empiric Antimicrobial Use for Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Aluisio Yancey M. , Sanchez Alicia C. , Norris Kelley R. , Waller Jennifer , Campbell Christopher T. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
This study evaluated the difference in appropriateness of antimicrobial selection in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) after implementation of an institutional guideline, a dedicated pediatric emergency medicine (EM) pharmacist, and an electronic order set.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study that included febrile patients aged younger than 18 years who were at risk of neutropenia, as defined by our institutional algorithm. Charts were evaluated for inclusion by searching for patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) between February 2018 and January 2022 who had International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for patients at risk of FN. Three independent groups were compared before, during, and after interventions. A historical control group (group 1), postdedicated EM pharmacist and institutional guideline cohort (group 2), and postdedicated EM pharmacist, institutional guideline, and electronic order set cohort (group 3) were compared. Secondary outcomes included time from registration in the ED to administration of the first dose of empiric antimicrobials, days to defervescence, pediatric intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay.

Results
Seventy-eight charts were reviewed for inclusion. Among those included (n = 38), there was an increase in appropriate use of antimicrobials from 71% to 92% to 100% (P = 0.1534) between group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. In addition, the interventions in this study lead to an overall decrease in the median time from registration to first dose of antibiotics from 142 minutes to 72 minutes (P = 0.1370).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the positive impact a pediatric EM pharmacist along with an institutional guideline and an electronic order set have on appropriate antimicrobial selection in pediatric FN patients. Institutions should consider multipronged approaches to improve the selection and time to administration of appropriate empiric antimicrobials in the ED.
Analysis of Nasal Bone Fractures: A 17-year Study of 3785 Patients
Authors: Hwang Kun , Yoon Jin Myung 
Published: July 2023

In our previous study, we classified nasal bone fractures into 6 types based on computed tomography and the patterns of the nasal bone fractures (NBF) in 503 patients treated between 1998 and 2004. In the present study, we analyzed 3785 patients treated between 2005 and 2021.
The age, sex, etiology, associated injuries, pattern of fractures, and treatments were reviewed, and radiographic studies were analyzed.
The highest incidence was in the age group of 10 to 19 years (N=870, 23.0%), followed by 20 to 29 years (N=792, 20.9%) and 30 to 39 years (N=635, 16.8%). The most common causes of injury were slip or fall-down (42.3%), violence (24.3%), sports (19.2%), traffic accidents (8.9%), and work-related (5.3%). Most of the patients had tenderness (96.1%) and swelling (78.8%). Other findings were depression (27.1%) and nasal deviation (25.8%). Crepitus was heard in only 0.4% of the patients. The patterns of the NBFs classified by computed tomography findings were type IIA (unilateral simple fracture with displacement/without telescoping, 1283 cases, 33.9%), IIB (bilateral simple fracture with displacement/without telescoping, 786 cases, 20.8%), IIAs (unilateral simple fracture with septal fracture and displacement/without telescoping, 566 cases, 14.9%), IIBs (bilateral simple fracture with septal fracture and displacement/without telescoping 530 cases, 14.0%), I (simple fracture without displacement, 522 cases, 13.8%), and III (comminuted with telescoping or depression, 98 cases, 2.6%). In most of the cases (3,666, 96.9%), closed reduction was performed.
The present analysis is one of the largest data sets on NBF in Korea, which could provide reference values for diagnosing and managing nasal bone fractures.
Mismatched Postsurgical Opioid Prescription to Liver Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a Single High-Volume Transplant Center
Authors: Chen Victoria J. , Guan Lucy S. , Bokoch Michael P. , Langnas Erica , Kothari Rishi , Croci Rhiannon , Campbell Liam J. , Quan David , Freise Chris , Guan Zhonghui 
Published: July 2023

Background.
Improper opioid prescription after surgery is a well-documented iatrogenic contributor to the current opioid epidemic in North America. In fact, opioids are known to be overprescribed to liver transplant patients, and liver transplant patients with high doses or prolonged postsurgical opioid use have higher risks of graft failure and death.

Methods.
This is a retrospective cohort study of 552 opioid-naive patients undergoing liver transplant at an academic center between 2012 and 2019. The primary outcome was the discrepancy between the prescribed discharge opioid daily dose and each patient’s own inpatient opioid consumption 24 h before discharge. Variables were analyzed with Wilcoxon and chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results.
Opioids were overprescribed in 65.9% of patients, and 54.3% of patients who required no opioids the day before discharge were discharged with opioid prescriptions. In contrast, opioids were underprescribed in 13.4% of patients, among whom 27.0% consumed inpatient opioids but received no discharge opioid prescription. The median prescribed opioid daily dose was 333.3% and 56.3% of the median inpatient opioid daily dose in opioid overprescribed and underprescribed patients, respectively. Importantly, opioid underprescribed patients had higher rates of opioid refill 1 to 30 and 31 to 90 d after discharge, and the rate of opioid underprescription more than doubled from 2016 to 2019.

Conclusions.
Opioids are both over- and underprescribed to liver transplant patients, and opioid underprescribed patients had higher rates of opioid refill. Therefore, we proposed to prescribe discharge opioid prescriptions based on liver transplant patients’ inpatient opioid consumption to provide patient-centered opioid prescriptions.
National Health Examination Surveys: an essential piece of the health planning puzzle
Authors: Margozzini Paula , Tolonen Hanna , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Cuschieri Sarah , Donfrancesco Chiara , Palmieri Luigi , Sanchez Romero Luz Maria , Mindell Jennifer S , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNational health examination surveys (HESs) have been developed to provide important information that cannot be obtained from other sources. A HES combines information obtained by asking participants questions with biophysical measurements taken by trained field staff. They are observational studies with the highest external validity and make specific contributions to both population (public health) and individual health. Few countries have a track record of a regular wide-ranging HES, but these are the basis of many reports and scientific papers. Despite this, little evidence about HES usefulness and impact or the factors that influence HES effectiveness have been disseminated. This paper presents examples of HES contributions to society in both Europe and the Americas. We sought information by emailing a wide list of people involved in running or using national HESs across Europe and the Americas. We asked for examples of where examination data from their HES had been used in national or regional policymaking. We found multiple examples of HES data being used for agenda-setting, including by highlighting nutritional needs and identifying underdiagnosis and poor management of certain conditions. We also found many ways in which HES have been used to monitor the impact of policies and define population norms. HES data have also been used in policy formation and implementation. HES data are influential and powerful. There is need for global support, financing and networking to transfer capacities and innovation in both fieldwork and laboratory technology.
Natural Language Processing Can Automate Extraction of Barrett’s Esophagus Endoscopy Quality Metrics
Authors: Soroush Ali , Diamond Courtney J. , Zylberberg Haley M. , May Benjamin , Tatonetti Nicholas , Abrams Julian A. , Weng Chunhua 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop an automated natural language processing (NLP) method for extracting high-fidelity Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) endoscopic surveillance and treatment data from the electronic health record (EHR).MethodsPatients who underwent BE-related endoscopies between 2016 and 2020 at a single medical center were randomly assigned to a development or validation set. Those not aged 40 to 80 and those without confirmed BE were excluded. For each patient, free text pathology reports and structured procedure data were obtained. Gastroenterologists assigned ground truth labels. An NLP method leveraging MetaMap Lite generated endoscopy-level diagnosis and treatment data. Performance metrics were assessed for this data. The NLP methodology was then adapted to label key endoscopic eradication therapy (EET)-related endoscopy events and thereby facilitate calculation of patient-level pre-EET diagnosis, endotherapy time, and time to CE-IM.Results99 patients (377 endoscopies) and 115 patients (399 endoscopies) were included in the development and validation sets respectively. When assigning high-fidelity labels to the validation set, NLP achieved high performance (recall: 0.976, precision: 0.970, accuracy: 0.985, and F1-score: 0.972). 77 patients initiated EET and underwent 554 endoscopies. Key EET-related clinical event labels had high accuracy (EET start: 0.974, CE-D: 1.00, and CE-IM: 1.00), facilitating extraction of pre-treatment diagnosis, endotherapy time, and time to CE-IM.ConclusionsHigh-fidelity BE endoscopic surveillance and treatment data can be extracted from routine EHR data using our automated, transparent NLP method. This method produces high-level clinical datasets for clinical research and quality metric assessment.Study Highlights1)WHAT IS KNOWN:-Existing BE clinical data extraction methods are limited.2)WHAT IS NEW HERE:-An NLP pipeline for granular BE clinical data.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly ofPopulus adenopoda
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Wang Zeng , Shi Tingting , Dan Xuming , Zhang Yulin , Liu Jianquan , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh-quality reference genomes for several species have promoted breeding and functional studies of poplar trees. By resequencing numerous accessions of these and closely related species, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertion/deletions (InDels) have been identified to assist in clarifying local adaptation and phenotypic diversification. A chromosome-level genome assembly forP. adenopodawas assembled based on Illumina and PacBio sequencing platforms, facilitated by Hi-C technology. The assembled genome size was about 383 Mb, with 99.70% of the contigs anchored to 19 pseudo-chromosomes, and a total of 33,505 protein-coding genes were annotated. This high-quality genome provided the genomic basis for the subsequent detection of various variants.
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats alleviates established motor deficits and reduces neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein serum levels without increased striatal dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase protein
Authors: Kasanga Ella A. , Soto Isabel , Centner Ashley , McManus Robert , Shifflet Marla K. , Navarrete Walter , Han Yoonhee , Lisk Jerome , Wheeler Ken , Mhatre-Winters Isha , Richardson Jason R. , Bishop Christopher , Nejtek Vicki A. , Salvatore Michael F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlleviation of motor impairment by aerobic exercise (AE) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) points to a CNS response that could be targeted by therapeutic approaches, but recovery of striatal dopamine (DA) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been inconsistent in rodent studies.ObjectiveTo increase translation of AE, 3 components were implemented into AE design to determine if recovery of established motor impairment, concomitant with >80% striatal DA and TH loss, was possible. We also evaluated if serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), blood-based biomarkers of disease severity in human PD, were affected.MethodsWe used a 6-OHDA hemiparkinson rat model featuring progressive nigrostriatal neuron loss over 28 days, with impaired forelimb use 7 days post-lesion, and hypokinesia onset 21 days post-lesion. After establishing forelimb use deficits, moderate intensity AE began 1-3 days later, 3x per week, for 40 min/session. Motor assessments were conducted weekly for 3 wks, followed by determination of striatal DA, TH protein and mRNA, and NfL and GFAP serum levels.ResultsSeven days after 6-OHDA lesion, recovery of depolarization-stimulated extracellular DA and DA tissue content was <10%, representing severity of DA loss in human PD, concomitant with 50% reduction in forelimb use. Despite severe DA loss, recovery of forelimb use deficits and alleviation of hypokinesia progression began after 2 weeks of AE and was maintained. Increased NfLand GFAP levels from lesion were reduced by AE. Despite these AE-driven changes, striatal DA tissue and TH protein levels were unaffected.ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept study shows AE, using exercise parameters within the capabilities most PD patients, promotes recovery of established motor deficits in a rodent PD model, concomitant with reduced levels of blood-based biomarkers associated with PD severity, without commensurate increase in striatal DA or TH protein.
The impact of spectral basis set composition on estimated levels of cingulate glutamate and its associations with different personality traits
Authors: Demler Verena , Sterner Elisabeth F. , Wilson Martin , Zimmer Claus , Knolle Franziska 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground1H-MRS is increasingly used in basic and clinical research to explain brain function and alterations respectively. In psychosis research it is now one of the main tools to investigate imbalances in the glutamatergic system. Interestingly, however, the findings are extremely variable even within patients of similar disease states. One reason may be the variability in analysis strategies, despite suggestions for standardization. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the extent to which the basis set configuration – which metabolites are included in the basis set used for analysis – would affect the spectral fit and estimated glutamate (Glu) concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether any changes in levels of glutamate would be associated with psychotic-like experiences and autistic traits.MethodsTo ensure comparability, we utilized five different exemplar basis sets, used in research, and two different analysis tools, r-based spant applying the ABfit method andOspreyusing the LCModel.ResultsOur findings revealed that the types of metabolites included in the basis set significantly affected the glutamate concentration. We observed that three basis sets led to more consistent results across different concentration types (i.e., absolute Glu in mol/kg, Glx (glutamate+glutamine), Glu/tCr), spectral fit and quality measurements. Interestingly, all three basis sets included phosphocreatine. Importantly, our findings also revealed that glutamate levels were differently associated with both schizotypal and autistic traits depending on basis set configuration and analysis tool, with the same three basis sets showing more consistent results.ConclusionsOur study highlights that scientific results may be significantly altered depending on the choices of metabolites included in the basis set, and with that emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the configuration of the basis set to ensure accurate and consistent results, when using MR spectroscopy. Overall, our study points out the need for standardized analysis pipelines and reporting.
Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors
Authors: Furutachi Shohei , Franklin Alexis D. , Mrsic-Flogel Thomas D. , Hofer Sonja B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe brain functions as a prediction machine, utilizing an internal model of the world to anticipate sensations and the outcomes of our actions. Discrepancies between expected and actual events, referred to as prediction errors, are leveraged to update the internal model and guide our attention towards unexpected events1–10. Despite the importance of prediction error signals for various neural computations across multiple brain regions, surprisingly little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms responsible for their implementation. Here we describe a thalamocortical disinhibitory circuit required for generating sensory prediction errors in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Using calcium imaging with optogenetic manipulations as mice traverse a familiar virtual environment, we show that violation of animals’ predictions by an unexpected visual stimulus preferentially boosts responses of layer 2/3 V1 neurons most selective for that stimulus. Prediction errors specifically amplify the unexpected visual input, rather than representing a non-specific surprise or difference signal about how the visual input deviates from animals’ predictions. Selective amplification of unexpected visual input is implemented by a cooperative mechanism requiring thalamic input from the pulvinar, and cortical vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-expressing (VIP) inhibitory interneurons. In response to prediction errors, VIP neurons inhibit a specific subpopulation of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons that gate excitatory pulvinar input to V1, resulting in specific pulvinar-driven response-amplification of the most stimulus-selective neurons in V1. Therefore, the brain prioritizes unpredicted sensory information by selectively increasing the salience of unpredicted sensory features through the synergistic interaction of thalamic input and neocortical disinhibitory circuits.