bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Statistical Distribution Derived from a Clayton Copula for Modeling Bivariate Processes
Authors: Poonia Neeraj , Azad Sarita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rainfall and temperature extremes have become more frequent and severe in recent times due to changing climate. Since these catastrophic occurrences directly affect a region’s hydrology, it is imperative to develop models that can project and explain the joint behavior of climate variables. Copula functions have been used relatively successfully to capture multivariate processes. With climate being a multifaceted process, there is interdependence between variables, making copula use desirable since traditional bivariate distributions do not account for the dependent structure. In this study, we introduced a bivariate exponentiated Teissier distribution based on a Clayton copula. For parameter estimation, the maximum likelihood and inference functions for margin approaches are used. A simulation study that considered various sets of parameters is also conducted in order to select the most efficient parameter estimation method. Last, the applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated using real-world data from flood and temperature processes. After fitting, the log-likelihood, Akaike information criteria (AIC), and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) values of the proposed model are −145.00, 300.00, and 311.71 for flood data, respectively, and −128.71, 267.42, and 275.98 for temperature data, respectively. Estimated parameters are for flood data and for temperature data. It is concluded that this model may be effectively used for modeling the hydrological processes for calculating the probabilities of flood and extreme temperature events.
Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions
Authors: Reese Lloyd , Gräwe Ulf , Klingbeil Knut , Li Xiangyu , Lorenz Marvin , Burchard Hans 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Salt mixing enables the transport of water between the inflow and outflow layers of estuarine circulation and therefore closes the circulation by driving a diahaline exchange flow. A recently derived universal law links the salt mixing inside an estuarine volume bounded by an isohaline surface to freshwater discharge: it states that on long-term average, the area-integrated mixing across the bounding isohaline is directly proportional to the freshwater discharge entering the estuary. However, even though numerous studies predict that periods of extreme discharge will become more frequent with climate change, the direct impact of such periods on estuarine mixing and circulation has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this numerical modeling study focuses on salinity mixing and diahaline exchange flows during a low-discharge and an extreme high-discharge period. To this end, we apply a realistic numerical setup of the Elbe estuary in northern Germany, using curvilinear coordinates that follow the navigational channel. This is the first time the direct relationship between diahaline exchange flow and salt mixing as well as the spatial distribution of the diahaline exchange flow is shown in a realistic tidal setup. The spatial distribution is highly correlated with the local mixing gradient for salinity, such that inflow occurs near the bottom at the upstream end of the isohaline. Meanwhile, outflow occurs near the surface at its downstream end. Last, increased vertical stratification occurs within the estuary during the high-discharge period, while estuarine-wide mixing strongly converges to the universal law for averaging periods of the discharge event time scale.

Significance Statement
Inside estuaries, such as river mouths, terrestrial freshwater is mixed with salty ocean water. This is accompanied by an estuarine circulation with inflow of saltwater into the estuary and outflow of brackish water toward the ocean. Here, we aim to better understand how salt mixing and estuarine circulation in a tidal estuary react to periods of extreme freshwater discharge. We find that even during extremely high or low discharge, salt mixing follows the freshwater discharge on time scales as short as days, and that estuarine circulation patterns are largely explained by the local distribution of mixing. As extreme runoff events are likely to occur more often with climate change, these findings may help to understand the dynamics inside future estuaries.
Deterministic Rapid Intensity Forecast Guidance for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center’s Area of Responsibility
Authors: Sampson C. R. , Knaff J. A. , Slocum C. J. , Onderlinde M. J. , Brammer A. , Frost M. , Strahl B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intensity consensus forecasts can provide skillful overall guidance for intensity forecasting at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as they provide among the lowest mean absolute errors; however, these forecasts are far less useful for periods of rapid intensification (RI) as guidance provided is generally low biased. One way to address this issue is to construct a consensus that also includes deterministic RI forecast guidance in order to increase intensification rates during RI. While this approach increases skill and eliminates some bias, consensus forecasts from this approach generally remain low biased during RI events. Another approach is to construct a consensus forecast using an equally weighted average of deterministic RI forecasts. This yields a forecast that is generally among the top performing RI guidance, but suffers from false alarms and a high bias due to those false alarms. Neither approach described here is a prescription for forecast success, but both have qualities that merit consideration for operational centers tasked with the difficult task of RI prediction.

Significance Statement
Forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center are required to make intensity forecasts every watch. Skillful guidance is available to make these forecasts, yielding lower mean absolute errors and biases; however, errors are higher for tropical cyclones either undergoing rapid intensification or with the potential to do so. This effort is an attempt to mitigate higher errors associated with rapid intensification forecasts using existing guidance and consensus techniques. Resultant rapid intensification guidance can be used to reduce operational forecast intensity forecast errors and provide advanced warning to customers for these difficult cases.
Promotional Effects of Recorded Music and Superstars on Concert Financial Outcomes
Authors: Hogue Eric 
Published: September 2023

Using a comprehensive data set of hand-collected observations of top touring performing artists, I examine the complementary relationship between recorded music and concert financial outcomes. I find that music streaming derives substantive financial benefit to the top 100 touring artists as a means to promote their live performances. Using empirical estimates from a panel model with artist fixed effects, an artist can derive an incremental $46K to $49K per show when achieving a 20% increase in music streaming. Additionally, using a 2SLS model with artist fixed effects to account for potential endogenous promotional effects, I identify top performers (or ‘superstars’) who derive significant additional concert revenue because of their back catalogue of hit songs. These top performers earn an incremental $15K per show for every week they have a song from their catalogue in the Billboard Top 20. These findings indicate that artists can use their legacy to build lifelong earnings from their music and performances. JEL Classifications: D12, D22, L82, Z10
Improved thermal and mechanical properties of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams synthesized with renewable castor oil and toluene diisocyanate-based trifunctional polyols
Authors: Srinivasan Vennila , Vasam Sumalatha , Govindarajan Sankar 
Published: September 2023

In this work, glycerol was chemically modified into novel toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based trifunctional polyol (NTP) by a two step process, involving the reaction of TDI with glycerol to form an isocyanate-terminated pre-polymer, followed by the reaction with glycol. A thermal and mechanical property of water-blown rigid polyurethane foam (WB-PUF) was enhanced by the partial substitution (30 & 50 wt%) of castor oil with glycerol or synthesized NTP. The effects of glycerol content and NTP on the WB-PUF properties were investigated using various characterization techniques including ATR-FTIR, TGA, SEM, compression test, and Shore-A hardness test. Notably, the introduction of NTP substitution into the formulation of WB-PUF foams had beneficial impact on the structure of materials enhancing foam density from 77 kg/m3 to 117 kg/m3 and also exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties compared to those with glycerol and unmodified foams. Shore A hardness and compression strength of those foams ranged from 50 to 69.5 °Sh A and 1.88-3.28 MPa, respectively. These findings suggest potential applications of the modified WB-PUF in areas such as rigid tissue engineering.
Effect of admission serum glucose on the clinical prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving alteplase intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Huang Pan , Yi Xingyang 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of admission serum glucose on the clinical prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous alteplase thrombolysis. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous alteplase thrombolysis between January 2016 and December 2017 were enrolled. The clinical prognosis was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRs) at 90 days after onset. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate whether admission serum glucose was an independent factor in the 90-day prognosis. The predictive value of admission serum glucose for a 90-day poor prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. All patients were divided into two groups based on admission serum glucose levels: high admission serum glucose (above the cut-off value) and low admission serum glucose (below the cut-off value). The 90-day prognosis of patients with different admission serum glucose was analyzed. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled, including 79 males (57.24%), with a mean age of (68 ± 12) years and a median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 9 (6 to 13.75). There were 74 cases (53.62%) in the good prognosis group and 64 cases (46.37%) in the poor prognosis group. The results of the univariate analysis indicated that admission serum glucose in the good prognosis group was significantly lower than that in the poor prognosis group [(7.45 ± 2.31) versus (8.80 ± 3.65), p < .05]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the admission serum glucose level was an independent risk factor for clinical prognosis at 90 days after onset (OR = 1.24, 95% CI:1.01–1.52). ROC curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of admission serum glucose for predicting poor prognosis 90 days after intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase was 6.77 mmol/l AUC (area under curve) 0.623, 95%CI: 0.53–0.72, sensitivity 68.80%, specificity 52.70%. When compared with the admission serum glucose ≥6.77 mmol/l group (83 cases), the 90-day mRS scores in the admission serum glucose <6.77 mmol/l group (55 cases) were lower [3 (1 to 5) scores versus 1 (0 to 3) scores, Z = 2.89, p < .05]. Conclusions: In patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous alteplase thrombolytic therapy, a higher admission serum glucose level is an independent predictor of adverse neurological outcomes at 90 days postoperatively.
Effects of fly ash and intumescent flame retardant on thermal, burning, and mechanical properties of polyethylene composites
Authors: Demiryuğuran Fatih , Usta Nazım 
Published: September 2023

In this study, fly ash (FA) which mainly consists of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, and CaO, was used as a synergistic additive (1–5 wt %) to improve the effectiveness of an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system (25 wt %) in high density polyethylene (HDPE). IFR system composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol (3/1 ratio), and different amounts of FA were incorporated homogeneously into HDPE. Thermogravimetric analyses and thermal conductivity measurements were performed to determine the thermal properties. Meanwhile, limiting oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimetry tests were performed to investigate the fire resistance. Furthermore, the effects of IFR/FA additions on the mechanical properties were determined. The experimental results showed that IFR and IFR/FA additions resulted in early degradation with lower rates, and the residual mass values increased due to the char layers and the FA content. Also, IFR addition increased the thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.451 W/mK to 0.462 W/mK and IFR/FA additions further increased the coefficient up to 0.506 W/mK. Although the sample included only 25 wt % IFR could meet the requirements of UL 94 V-2 with a LOI value of 25.0%, 2, 3 and 4 wt % FA additions satisfied the criteria of UL 94 V-0 with a LOI value of 26.6%. In addition, the cone calorimeter results revealed that the peak heat release rates and total heat released values decreased with IFR (25 wt %) and FA (2, 3, and 4 wt %) additions. Furthermore, CO, CO2, and soot emissions of the composites significantly reduced with respect to HDPE. The NO increased with IFR additions due to the nitrogen content of APP. 25% IFR addition caused decreases in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and Izod impact strength. However, FA additions slightly enhanced the mechanical properties of HDPE/IFR composite.
Closing the equity gap as we move to the elimination of seclusion: Early results from a national quality improvement project
Authors: Bensemann Clive , Maxwell Deirdre , O’Keeffe Karen , Tresize Lee , Wairama Karl , Keelan Wikepa 
Published: September 2023

Objective Use of seclusion within mental health inpatient facilities is harmful for consumers and staff, but it is still used in many Aotearoa New Zealand and Australian facilities, at higher, inequitable rates for the indigenous populations of both countries. We report early results from a national programme to eliminate seclusion in mental health services in Aotearoa New Zealand, using a bicultural approach to reduce inequity for Māori. Method The ‘Zero Seclusion: Safety and dignity for all’ programme, with programme teams nationwide, developed a co-designed bicultural change package combining Māori cultural and Western clinical interventions, incorporating quality improvement methodologies. Outcome measures included seclusion rates, duration, and average number of episodes per person admitted, by ethnicity, with a focus on equity. Results Nationally, rates of seclusion for Māori reduced from the 12-month (to August 2019) baseline mean monthly rate of 7.5% to 6.8%, sustained from late 2020 to September 2022. The duration of seclusion for Māori reduced by 33% (4.5 h at baseline to 3.0). Conclusion A focus on inequity for Māori in use of seclusion, and a bicultural approach with cultural and clinical interventions, has been associated with a national reduction in rates and duration of seclusion for Māori.
Dynamics of Trade Specialization and Performance of SAFTA: A Case Study of Afghanistan
Authors: Wani Nassir Ul Haq , Rasa Mohammad Mirwais 
Published: September 2023

The idea that regional integration is the podium of economic growth dates back a long time. Even now, a plethora of literature confirms a strong and positive link between regional integration and economic growth. However, most of these studies are focused on developed countries. Indeed, literature from developing countries is scant, and that from underdeveloped and landlocked countries like Afghanistan is almost non-existent. In the context of South Asian Free Trade Agreement, this article endeavours to innovatively scrutinize the trends in exports, imports and trade at different industry levels in the trade specialization of Afghanistan. At the harmonized standard 6-digit level of product classification, the study has employed the Lafay Index approach. The study finds that Afghanistan has a greater affinity for resource-intensive manufacturing products and non-fuel primary commodities. The study suggests that Afghanistan should confront issues such as its trade deficit, its dependency on agricultural products for export and the underutilization of its natural resources. The results show that Afghanistan still has a competitive disadvantage over South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) members at different industry levels. The study recommends dealing with problems including technology diffusion, product diversity and quality sophistication at various industrial levels, which restrict a higher degree of trade specialization. JEL Codes: F1, F10, F14
Adoption of Hybrid MRI-Linac Systems for the Treatment of Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature Regarding Clinical and Technical Features
Authors: Guerini Andrea Emanuele , Nici Stefania , Magrini Stefano Maria , Riga Stefano , Toraci Cristian , Pegurri Ludovica , Facheris Giorgio , Cozzaglio Claudia , Farina Davide , Liserre Roberto , Gasparotti Roberto , Ravanelli Marco , Rondi Paolo , Spiazzi Luigi , Buglione Michela 
Published: September 2023

Background Possible advantages of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) for the treatment of brain tumors include improved definition of treatment volumes and organs at risk (OARs) that could allow margin reductions, resulting in limited dose to the OARs and/or dose escalation to target volumes. Recently, hybrid systems integrating a linear accelerator and an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (MRI-linacs, MRL) have been introduced, that could potentially lead to a fully MRI-based treatment workflow. Methods We performed a systematic review of the published literature regarding the adoption of MRL for the treatment of primary or secondary brain tumors (last update November 3, 2022), retrieving a total of 2487 records; after a selection based on title and abstracts, the full text of 74 articles was analyzed, finally resulting in the 52 papers included in this review. Results and discussion Several solutions have been implemented to achieve a paradigm shift from CT-based radiotherapy to MRgRT, such as the management of geometric integrity and the definition of synthetic CT models that estimate electron density. Multiple sequences have been optimized to acquire images with adequate quality with on-board MR scanner in limited times. Various sophisticated algorithms have been developed to compensate the impact of magnetic field on dose distribution and calculate daily adaptive plans in a few minutes with satisfactory dosimetric parameters for the treatment of primary brain tumors and cerebral metastases. Dosimetric studies and preliminary clinical experiences demonstrated the feasibility of treating brain lesions with MRL. Conclusions The adoption of an MRI-only workflow is feasible and could offer several advantages for the treatment of brain tumors, including superior image quality for lesions and OARs and the possibility to adapt the treatment plan on the basis of daily MRI. The growing body of clinical data will clarify the potential benefit in terms of toxicity and response to treatment.
Comparative effectiveness study of paliperidone palmitate 6-month with a real-world external comparator arm of paliperidone palmitate 1-month or 3-month in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Turkoz Ibrahim , Wong Joshua , Chee Benjamin , Siddiqui Uzma , Knight R. Karl , Richarz Ute , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: September 2023

Background: The paliperidone palmitate 6-month (PP6M) long-acting injectable formulation is currently the longest dosing interval available for schizophrenia treatment. Objective: To compare treatment outcomes between a real-world external comparator arm (ECA; NeuroBlu database) and the PP6M open-label extension (OLE) clinical trial arm. Methods: The ECA comprised patients receiving PP 1-month (PP1M) or PP 3-month (PP3M) for ⩾12 months without a relapse. The PP6M OLE arm included patients with PP1M treatment prior to randomization who completed the 12-month double-blind PP6M study on either PP3M or PP6M relapse-free. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to study time-to-relapse (primary outcome) and change in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) score (secondary outcome). Results: At 24 months, 3.9% (7/178) of patients in the PP6M cohort experienced a relapse versus 15.6% (26/167) in the ECA. Time-to-relapse was longer in the PP6M cohort versus the ECA at 12-, 18-, and 24-months across the different weighting methods; median time-to-relapse was not reached in both cohorts. Hazard ratio (HR) for relapse was significantly lower for the PP6M cohort versus the ECA throughout the duration of the study [HR at 24 months: 0.18 (95% CI: 0.08–0.42), p < 0.001]. At 24 months, change in CGI-S score for the PP6M cohort was 0.76 points lower than the ECA ( p < 0.001). Results were similar in a sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching (PSM); IPTW resulted in larger sample sizes in balanced dataset than PSM. Conclusion: Consistent findings across weighting and matching methods suggest PP6M efficacy in reducing and delaying relapses and long-term symptom control compared to PP1M/PP3M in usual-care settings. Additional confounds, such as greater illness severity and more frequent comorbidities and comedications in the ECA, were not fully controlled by the applied statistical methods. Future real-world studies directly comparing PP6M with PP3M/PP1M and adjusting for these confounders are warranted.
Middle ear cholesteatoma in two cats diagnosed with the aid of video-otoscopy
Authors: Botelho Cristiane Bazaga , Tortoriello Rafaella , Koch Sandra Nogueira , Lopes Natália Lôres , Lucas Ronaldo , Fernandes Julio Israel 
Published: September 2023

Case series summary The present report describes middle ear cholesteatoma in two cats and also the use of video-otoscopy and flushing to assist with the diagnosis. CT and video-otoscopic examination and flushing were performed in two cats, a 13-year-old mixed breed spayed female cat and a 1-year-old mixed breed male cat, with middle ear cholesteatomas. During the procedure, keratinous material from the middle ears was collected for histopathological evaluation, demonstrating findings consistent with cholesteatoma, and the middle ears were flushed extensively. Relevance and novel information There is little information about middle ear cholesteatoma in cats, and to the authors’ knowledge, there are no reports in cats investigating the use of video-otoscopy to aid in the diagnosis of aural cholesteatoma, and this report demonstrates that it can aid in the diagnosis of this condition in cats. In addition, one of the cats had a concurrent otic polyp, which has not been previously reported in cats with cholesteatoma. Additionally, this is the first report of cholesteatoma in a young cat. The access to the cholesteatoma material was via ventral bulla osteotomy in one cat and via external canal without video-otoscopy in the other. More information regarding cholesteatoma in cats will help identify potential similarities and differences of this condition in cats compared with humans and dogs.