bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Técnicas e instrumentos de investigación en la actividad investigativa
Authors: Saras Zapata Edgar 
Published: January 2023

La calidad de un trabajo de investigación depende, principalmente, de la elección adecuada del diseño y elaboración de las técnicas, así como de los instrumentos que se utilizarán. Una vez realizada la identificación del problema, la determinación de las variables y la conceptualización, se procederá a su descomposición en dimensiones, indicadores e ítems, actividad fundamental para encontrar su esencia. Este procedimiento de construcción de ítems requiere del dominio cognitivo de las categorías que se utilizarán; para ello, es necesario la creación de un entramado teórico, basado en la documentación existente. Luego se procede con el diseño y elaboración del instrumento, que necesariamente pasará por un proceso de valoración para determinar su validez de constructo, de contenido, análisis de los ítems, análisis confirmatorio y de confiabilidad. Los instrumentos, generalmente, responden al tipo, nivel y diseño de la investigación, considerando la cantidad de sujetos que constituyen la muestra o unidades de análisis. La siguiente etapa consistirá en la recolección de los datos y su organización pertinente, producto de las diversas fuentes a los que recurre el investigador. Las fuentes son recursos que contienen datos y se refieren a hechos o situaciones, documentos o registros a los que acude el investigador para acceder a la información. Estas, básicamente, son primarias o secundarias. Un instrumento de recolección de datos o información es un recurso metodológico que se materializa en un conjunto de reactivos, expresados en un dispositivo o formato (impreso o digital) que se utiliza para recoger, registrar o almacenar los aspectos relevantes del estudio recabado de las fuentes adecuadas. Concuerda Hernández et al (2014) al afirmar que se trata de un “recurso que utiliza el investigador para registrar información o datos sobre las variables que tiene en mente” (p.199).
Patrocinia archidiakonatu wrocławskiego według protokołów wizytacyjnych z 1579-1580 roku cz. 1
Authors: Wróblewski Stanisław Adam 
Published: January 2023

Artykuł poświecony został problematyce patrociniów kościołów w archidiakonacie wrocławskim znanych dzięki wizytacjom kanonicznym z l .1579-1580 przeprowadzonych zgodnie z zarządzeniami soboru Trydenckiego w 1547 roku. Przed przystąpieniem do wykonania zarządzenia i zwizytowania diecezji przygotowana została instrukcja, gdzie bardzo mocny akcent położono na kwestię wezwania jakie posiadał dany obiekt katolickiego kultu religijnego. Miało to wielkie znaczenie wobec rozwoju reformacji i odrzucenia dotychczasowego obrządku sakralnego, w tym kultu świętych. Stąd badając pochodzenie i znaczenie wezwań kościołów można było dostrzec cechy charakterystyczne dla religijności wiernych Kościoła na Śląsku mające swoje źródło w okresie średniowiecza. Wśród 36 wizytowanych obiektów wymieniono aż 46 różnych wezwań, które łączone w wielorakie warianty dedykacyjne wskazały 153 przykłady świętych, tajemnic bożych i prawd wiary.
Analiza poszczególnych wezwań, oraz poszukiwania we wcześniejszych źródłach pozwoliła na wskazanie ciągłości kultu, a także jego ewolucję uwydatnioną poprzez pojawienie się także innych tytułów dla tych samych obiektów. Dane o patrociniach w 26 przypadkach są pierwszymi informacjami o wezwaniu dla poszczególnych wymienionych kościołów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można przyjąć, iż archidiakona wrocławski charakteryzował się otwartością na wiele trendów i przejawów kultury religijnej ówczesnej Europy i Kościoła.
Energy-Performance Concrete Roof Slabs in Hot Climates Using Air Ventilation and False Ceiling with Baffles Shape: A Numerical and Modeling Study
Authors: Mahmood Hersh F. , Maarof Hiwa Abdlla , Abu-Bakr Masood , Soud Amira 
Published: January 2023

The thermal performance of a concrete roof between the main slab (concrete slab) and secondary slab (gypsum board) has been investigated in this work with and without a ventilator. The hourly averaged climatic data (combined optical and thermal condition) of the external roof surface was used as the resource for the boundary conditions of Erbil city (Kurdistan Region, Iraq). The results of measuring the effects of using a ventilator between the concrete slabs and gypsum boards indicated that the moving air in the layer between slabs by using the ventilation process has more effect in cooling roofs and the room temperature had less than that of slabs that do not use ventilation, and so using baffle shape gypsum board as the secondary slabs for air turbulence to increase air velocity, the number of mass flow rates have more efficient in the cooling process and fast the cooling process, the surface temperature was reduced by (4.5oC and 3.6 oC) with the mass flow rates of (3.5kg/s) and (2kg/s) respectively, this is due to moving air makes roof slab cool and loss the heat that transfers through the slabs, so using this technique for an exciting roof is a good choice
Immaginare il futuro di una complessa opera mixed-media: Il caso di The Floating Museum di Lynn Hershman Leeson
Authors: Giannachi Gabriella 
Published: January 2023

Recenti innovazioni riguardanti la documentazione della performance e i new media hanno rilevato l’importanza della documentazione del percorso di vita di questo tipo di opere. Per opera complesse come The Floating Museum di Lynn Hershman Leeson questo vuol dire considerare l’opera come un ibrido assemblaggio formato da documenti, record e documentazioni storiche e dalle loro rielaborazioni nel corso del tempo.
Colorectal cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Oriakhi Steve-nation , Akpo Emmanuel , Odion-Obomhense Helen , Otene Cletus , Ikubor Joyce , Uchendu Jude , Orugbo Peter 
Published: January 2023

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women and a third in men globally. Its mortality is rising with a major contribution from a low- and middle-income countries. We highlight the current trends in the demographics, histopathological patterns and management of colorectal cancer to improve care and prognosis of the disease. A search of PubMed, Hinari, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals and African Journal Online was made. Only full articles were reviewed. Most colorectal tumours develop via a multistep process involving a series of histological, morphological and genetic changes that accumulate over time. Clinical features are varied, non-specific and dependent on the site of the tumour and the extent of luminal narrowing caused by the tumour. Colonoscopy is vital in establishing the diagnosis of colorectal cancer as it allows visualization of the colon and permits tumour biopsy. Treatment is both multimodal and multidisciplinary involving surgery, radiation therapy and cytotoxic therapy. The incidence and mortality may be significantly reduced by screening which can either be invasive or non-invasive. The non-invasive uses tumour markers such as guaiac faecal occult blood test or immunohistochemical faecal occult blood test while the invasive tests include the flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. The burden of colorectal cancer may likely increase due to its current trend and ageing population; deficiency in cancer prevention efforts as a result of lack of government policies, low level of awareness and inadequacy of cancer registries. We advocate collaborative efforts to combat the scourge of the disease.
Identificación de tipos funcionales de plantas en el bosque andino del Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro
Authors: Muñoz Johana , Cuenca Henry , Muñoz-Chamba Luis , Aguirre Zhofre 
Published: January 2023

La identificación de tipos funcionales de plantas basados en rasgos funcionales, permite entender de mejor manera la respuesta que presenta la vegetación a diversos factores ambientales que se dan dentro de una zona o ecosistema a través del estudio de la ecología funcional, convirtiéndose en una nueva forma de abordar a la biodiversidad desde otro punto de vista. La presente investigación, busca generar información sobre los tipos funcionales de plantas que existen en la zona de mejor estado de conservación del Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro con base a la descripción de rasgos funcionales en las especies vegetales. Se analizó 34 especies vegetales que fueron seleccionadas por criterios de abundancia en una parcela permanente, en donde se categorizó cuatro rasgos funcionales: altura máxima, fenología foliar, hábito de crecimiento y agente dispersor; con la información proporcionada se estructuró una matriz de rasgos y se determinó los tipos funcionales de plantas a través de un análisis multivariado. Las especies más representativas por su abundancia fueron Palicourea amethystina, Phenax laevigatus y Hedyosmum scabrum. El rasgo morfológicos de altura mostró un rango entre 6 a 14 m; el rasgo de fenología foliar, el 88,24 % de las especies presentan fenología perennifolia y un 11,76 % se clasifica como caducifolio; en la dispersión de semillas, el 17,65 % se refiere a especies que presentan una dispersión anemócora y un 82,35 % semillas realizada por animales zoócora, siendo esta la categoría más representativa para la asociación de los grupos. Se determinó dos tipos funcionales de plantas; TFP1 se denomina como grupo Perennifolio con dispersión Zoócora y, al TFP2 como grupo Semiperennifolio con dispersión Anemócora – Zoócora.. Este estudio mostró que a través de rasgos se puede analizar y entender las relaciones funcionales y ecológicas que ocurren dentro de una comunidad vegetal.
The Foreign Policies of India with the United States
Authors: Shriparkash  
Published: January 2023

Based on common democratic principles and a growing union of interests on bilateral, global and regional concerns, India and the United States have grown their bilateral relations into a "global strategic partnership." The concentration on growth and decent governance by the Indian government has given a chance to strengthen bilateral ties and cooperation under the mottos "Sanjha Prayas, Sab ka Vikas" (Shared Effort, Progress for All) and "Chalein Saath Saath" (Forward Together We Go), which were adopted during the first two summits between Prime Minister Modi and President Obama in September 2014 and January 2015, respectively. India and the United States were described as "Enduring Global Partners in the 21st Century" in the summit-level joint statement released in June 2016.
Regular high-level political meetings have sustainedly boosted bilateral cooperation, and the extensive and expanding dialogue architecture has laid the groundwork for future India-U.S. engagement. The business and funding, security and defence, educational, and other facets of the bilateral relationship between the United States and India have all expanded and become cross-cutting. Active interpersonal communication and support from the public in both countries help to strengthen our bilateral relationship.
Penyuluhan Optimalisasi Nilai Tambah Sekam Padi sebagai Briket Arang di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Padapi Astrini 
Published: January 2023

Permasalahan daerah penghasil beras umumnya sama yakni limbah sekam padi yang tidak termanfaat dengan baik. Urgensi dari kegiatan ini adalah membantu memecahkan masalah dari Kelompok Tani Desa Madenra mengenai pemanfaatan sekam padi sehingga memiliki nilai jual lebih. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada kelompok Tani Desa Madenra berupa Kegiatan Penyuluhan, Praktek Pembuatan briket arang sekam padi, dan Penyuluhan. Kelompok tani sangat membutuhkan solusi dari permasalahan yang ada, bagaimana mengatasi limbah sekam yang pemanfaatannya sangat minim. Salah satu prospek bisnis yang bagus adalah mengolah sekam ke bentuk briket arang. Langkah pembuatan yang dilakukan dalam pembuatan Briket Arang Sekam Padi yakni Persiapan alat dan bahan baku, penjemuran bahan baku kemudian pengolahan bahan baku. Produk ini bisa meningkatkan nilai tambah dari sekam dan memiliki umur simpan yang panjang. Kegiatan Pengabdian masyarakat pada Kelompok Desa Madenra ini berjalan dengan baik seusai rencana dengan menghasilkan satu produk briket arang sekam dengan Keuntungan pembuatan briket arang sekam padi sebesar Rp. 8000 – Rp. 13.000/kg . Dengan harapan akan terlaksana kembali pelatihan seperti ini dengan menghasilkan kualitas yang lebih baik kedepannya.
Pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui pendampingan kesehatan: kuliah kerja nyata
Authors: Islaeli  , Nurdin  , Izan Wa Ode , Agusman Alan , Wulandari Hersianti Cahya 
Published: January 2023

Tahapan proses pendidikan yang secara umum diselenggarakan oleh Perguruan Tinggi yang merupakan salah satu wadah dalam penerapan dan pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi yang dilaksanakan diluar kampus merupakn defisini dari Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Pelaksanaan KKN harapannya dapat meningkatkan, mengembangkan kompetensi diri mahasiswa setelah mendapatkan proses pembelajaran materi di kelas. Adapun tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat setempat tentang Hipertensi Metode Kegiatan Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Lasoso tepatnya di balai desa, kecamatan Anggalamoare, Kabupaten Konawe. Pada tanggal 16 maret 2022, saranan kegitan ini adalah masyarakat desa lasoso yang berjumlah 25 orang. Dimana kegiatan ini Mahasiswa KKN memberikan penyuluhan mengenai kesehatan dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi. Hasil Dari hasil pendataan yang telah kami lakukan bahwa di Desa Lasoso memang penyakit dominan yang diderita oleh masyarakat setempat adalah Hipertensi dimana tekanan darah yaitu 130 mmhg sampai 140 mmhg, penyakit Hipertensi sebanyak 30 jiwa 4,7%. Kesimpulan Masyarakat didesa lasoso banyak yang mengalami hipertensi dikarenakan kurangnya penyuluhan kesehatan disana, dan masyarakat di desa lasoso penyebab utama terjadinya hipertensi dikarenakan sering mengosumsi minuman beralkohol setiap harinya, tidak melakukan aktifitas seperti berolahraga.
Conservatism and stock price informativeness
Authors: Ha Joohyung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how conservative financial reporting influences stock price informativeness, which is defined as the extent to which the current market price reflects future earnings information. Using the accuracy of the future earnings expectations embedded in the current equity price as a measure of stock price informativeness, I find that conservative reporting is positively associated with price informativeness. The results are robust to an alternative stock price informativeness measure, namely, specific return variation or price non‐synchronicity. Furthermore, I also find that a greater positive association between conservatism and stock price informativeness is associated with (1) lower analyst coverage and decreased forecast dispersion, (2) greater bid–ask spreads and greater R&D, and (3) lower financial disclosure quality, supporting the argument that main channel by which conservatism improves stock price informativeness is its impact on the information environment. Overall, the evidence suggests that (1) conservatism improves stock price informativeness by improving the firm's information environment, and (2) the marginal benefit of improvement in stock price informativeness via conservatism is more pronounced in firms with poorer information environments. The results further confirm that conservatism substitutes for information environments in ensuring more accurate equity pricing.
COVID–19ワクチン接種後にvocal cord dysfunctionを呈した1例(A case report of difficult diagnosis in the patient with vocal cord dysfunction after COVID–19 vaccination)
Authors: 秀明 長島 , 憲幸 服部 , さや 池上 , 智史 柄澤 , 隆三 安部 , 泰至 中野 , 孝明 中田 
Published: January 2023

要旨　複数のアレルギー歴がある13歳女児。1回目のCOVID–19ワクチン接種直後に咽頭違和感が出現し，アナフィラキシー症状として加療されるも呼吸困難など気道症状が持続した。当院紹介後にアドレナリン筋肉内注射（筋注）の追加とβ2刺激薬吸入を行い気道症状が軽快したことを確認し，遅発性アナフィラキシーに備えて入院した。翌日退院するも同日に気道症状が再燃し，アドレナリン筋注とβ2刺激薬吸入に加えアドレナリン＋デキサメタゾン吸入を繰り返したが改善せず再入院とした。β2刺激薬の定時吸入，プレドニゾロン内服を追加したが気道症状は繰り返し出現した。無症状時の喉頭ファイバー所見では，声門周囲の刺激で吸気時に声門が閉鎖する奇異性声帯運動を認め，呼吸機能検査では吸気相の平坦化を認めた。ワクチンに含まれるポリエチレングリコールへのアレルギー反応も疑われたが，気道症状しか認めないことから，ワクチン接種に対する不安や注射針による直接的な侵襲により誘発されたvocal cord dysfunction（VCD）と診断した。治療として，病態ならびに生命の危険がないことを説明した。その後，症状は軽快し，外来通院の方針として退院した。VCDは生命の危険がないが，治療の遅れが致命的となるアナフィラキシーや喘息に症状が類似しているため，それらに対する治療と並行して，診断に向けて検査を進めていくことが重要である。
ECPR後に判明した右総腸骨動脈瘤破裂に合併した腸間膜損傷と腹部コンパートメント症候群に対して集学的治療で救命しえた1例(Successful treatment of mesenteric injury and abdominal compartment syndrome with a ruptured right common iliac artery aneurysm after extracorporeal cardio pulmonary resuscitation using intensive care: a case report)
Authors: 知也 松田 , 純平 高松 , 雄一郎 阪本 
Published: January 2023

要旨　48歳の男性。突然の上腹部痛を主訴に救急要請，搬送中に心肺停止となった。急性心筋梗塞による心肺停止を疑い，venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VA–ECMO）を導入し心拍再開した。CT検査にて右総腸骨動脈瘤破裂と診断し，VA–ECMO下でendovascular aortic repair （EVAR）を施行した。動脈瘤の止血は得られたが，腹部膨満を認め低血圧が遷延した。腹部コンパートメント症候群と診断，緊急開腹手術を施行し，活動性出血を伴わない小腸間膜裂創を認め，動脈瘤および小腸間膜裂創を挟むようにパッキングガーゼを留置，open abdominal management（OAM）を施行した。しかし，術後に循環動態が不安定なため再手術を施行すると，小腸間膜裂創より動脈性出血を認め，結紮止血し再度OAMとした。第2病日にVA–ECMOから離脱，第4病日に閉腹術を施行し，第41病日に独歩退院した。Extracorporeal cardio pulmonary resuscitation後に判明した動脈瘤破裂に対して，EVARで動脈瘤の止血が得られても，破裂瘤に起因する血腫による出血性臓器損傷などにより腹部コンパートメント症候群を来す可能性があるため，超音波検査を繰り返すなど，腹腔内出血に留意し診療を継続する必要がある。
Forty‐fifth ASPEN Presidential Address: Medical nutrition therapy, is it time to get personal?
Authors: Cresci Gail A. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe time could not be riper for the field of nutrition as it moves into the forefront being recognized as a major influencer in the prevention and management of many diseases. The approach to nutrition support therapy, which includes oral diet and enteral and parenteral nutrition, has historically involved approaching patients in the same “one size fits all” manner. However, as research methodologies have advanced over the past decade, data suggest that although people may be grouped into having a particular disease or condition, their nutrition therapeutic intervention may be optimized if it is personalized. This thought‐provoking session will discuss current dietary guidelines and provide evidence and pose opportunities toward a future direction incorporating a personalized therapeutic nutrition support approach, which takes into consideration the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome.
Core Incubators of False Information Online
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFalse information is incubated across complex, interconnected communication and technological environments, imbricating individuals and society. This chapter introduces two key concepts. The first is theeconomics of emotion: namely, the optimisation of datafied emotional content for financial gain. The second concept is thepolitics of emotion: namely, the optimisation of datafied emotional content for political gain. Optimising emotions entails understanding people in terms of demography, interests and disposition; creation of content (by machines or by people) optimised to resonate with profiled individuals and groups; strategic ambition to elicit emotion to cause contagion; and recording of this datafied emotion expression, to feed into the next wave of info-contagion. The chapter presents theeconomics of emotionas the core incubator of false information online, as this stems from the business model of globally dominant digital platforms while also enabling the business model of digital influence mercenaries. However, thepolitics of emotionreadily exploits the tools at its disposal.
Explaining Korea’s Positioning in the US–China Strategic Competition
Authors: Maduz Linda 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Given South Korea’s pivotal role in the security order of Northeast Asia, the US and China are expected to keep raising pressure on South Korea to distinctively position itself in their rivalry. As the rivalry intensified over the past years, Seoul’s strategy has been to accommodate both great powers and to avoid taking sides. The analysis of this chapter shows that this is consistent with the country’s positioning since the end of the Cold War. Structural, political, and broader societal factors combine to explain Seoul’s strategic choices. Today, the country’s policymakers face an international environment that increasingly constrains their strategic options. At the same time, they are confronted with shifts in domestic perceptions, turning increasingly critical of China. Combined, these trends suggest that South Korea will adopt more critical positions toward China in future. The 2022 election of a new South Korean president who has distinguished himself for his anti-Chinese rhetoric might be an early indication of this. For the time being, the country is, however, unlikely to go as far as to abandon its current hedging strategy and join the US in actively balancing against China.
Taking Sides with the US Against China?—An Analysis of the Taiwanese Choice
Authors: Huang David Wei Feng , Wu Wen-Chin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As Taiwan is now recognized as one of the major flashpoints for potential conflict between the US and China, one strategic choice confronting Taiwanese citizens is whether Taiwan should take sides with the US against China. To answer this question, we analyze survey data collected in Taiwan by Duke University in October 2020. We find that Taiwanese support for siding with the US against China has less to do with respondents’ party affiliation and views on unification or independence but more to do with circumstantial factors, such as their attitudes on “distrusting China” and “appeasing China.” Specifically, Taiwanese who believe that a moderate policy would be effective in preventing war in the Taiwan Strait are less likely to support such an alliance. Those who believe that China cannot be trusted to honor its peace commitment, or that it may use economic coercion against Taiwan, are more likely to support taking the US side against China. Our findings have several policy implications: if China wants to reduce the possibility of a US-Taiwan alliance, it should alleviate Taiwanese people’s distrust of its peace commitment toward Taiwan. Intensifying military threats against Taiwan is counterproductive, because it would invite US intervention, which in turn would increase Taiwanese support for a US-Taiwan alliance.
Other Countries Are Small Countries, and That’s Just a Fact: Singapore’s Efforts to Navigate US–China Strategic Rivalry
Authors: Chong Ja Ian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Singapore’s approach to the US-China competition so far is to continue claiming that it “does not wish to choose sides” between Washington and Beijing. This position—in place since the end of the Cold War—depends on two key conditions: that Singapore does not have intractable and indivisible differences with both major powers and that a significant overlap in interests exists between the United States and China. So long as such conditions hold, Singapore has significant flexibility and room for maneuver to maximize opportunities for cooperation with both major powers. Singapore’s longstanding approach to managing relations with the United States and China may become more risky and costly as the US-China rivalry intensifies, but whether its leadership can find an adequate and timely alternative remains in question and will be in the focus of the present chapter.