bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a phase Ib study of SB-121, an investigational probiotic formulation, a randomized controlled trial in participants with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Schmitt Lauren M. , Smith Elizabeth G. , Pedapati Ernest V. , Horn Paul S. , Will Meredith , Lamy Martine , Barber Lillian , Trebley Joe , Meyer Kevin , Heiman Mark , West Korbin H. J. , Hughes Phoevos , Ahuja Sanjeev , Erickson Craig A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core impairments in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and/or interests. Individuals with ASD, which includes about 2% of the US population, have challenges with activities of daily living and suffer from comorbid medical and mental health concerns. There are no drugs indicated for the core impairments of ASD. As such, there is a significant need for the development of new medication strategies for individuals with ASD. This first-in-human placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study investigated the safety (primary objective) and efficacy of oral SB-121, a combination of L. reuteri, Sephadex® (dextran microparticles), and maltose administered once daily for 28 days in 15 autistic participants. SB-121 was safe and well tolerated. SB-121-associated directional improvements in adaptive behavior measured by Vineland-3 and social preference as measured with eye tracking were noted. These results provide support for further clinical evaluation of SB-121 as a treatment in autistic patients. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple doses of SB-121 in subjects with autism spectrum disorder. Single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. 15 patients with autism spectrum disorder were randomized and analyzed. Daily dosing of SB-121 or placebo for 28 days, followed by approximately a 14 day washout, then 28 days of dosing with other treatment. Incidence and severity of adverse events, presence of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Sephadex® in stool, and incidence of bacteremia with positive L. reuteri identification. Additional outcomes include changes from baseline on cognitive and behavior tests as well as biomarker levels. Adverse event rates were similar between SB-121 and placebo, with most reported as mild. There were no severe or serious adverse events. No participants had features of suspected bacteremia or notable changes in vital signs, safety laboratory, or ECG parameters from baseline. There was a statistically significant increase from baseline in the Vineland-3 Adaptive Behavior Composite score (p = 0.03) during SB-121 treatment. There was a trend for increased social/geometric viewing ratio following SB-121 treatment compared to placebo. SB-121 was safe and well tolerated. SB-121-associated directional improvements in adaptive behavior measured by Vineland-3 and social preference as measured with eye tracking were noted.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04944901.
Tapered whisker reservoir computing for real-time terrain identification-based navigation
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Sadati S. M. Hadi , Perera Shehara , Hauser Helmut , Childs Peter R. N. , Nanayakkara Thrishantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for real-time terrain recognition-based navigation for mobile robots. Mobile robots performing tasks in unstructured environments need to adapt their trajectories in real-time to achieve safe and efficient navigation in complex terrains. However, current methods largely depend on visual and IMU (inertial measurement units) that demand high computational resources for real-time applications. In this paper, a real-time terrain identification-based navigation method is proposed using an on-board tapered whisker-based reservoir computing system. The nonlinear dynamic response of the tapered whisker was investigated in various analytical and Finite Element Analysis frameworks to demonstrate its reservoir computing capabilities. Numerical simulations and experiments were cross-checked with each other to verify that whisker sensors can separate different frequency signals directly in the time domain and demonstrate the computational superiority of the proposed system, and that different whisker axis locations and motion velocities provide variable dynamical response information. Terrain surface-following experiments demonstrated that our system could accurately identify changes in the terrain in real-time and adjust its trajectory to stay on specific terrain.
New observation of perceptive mechanism behind the long-lasting change of people's community mobility: evidence from COVID-19 in China
Authors: Ye Ziwen , Yu Yang , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Chaosheng , Huang Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to investigate how a new and long-lasting threat affects public risk perception and social distancing behavior, which is important for pandemic risk management and recovery of the tertiary industry. We have found that the mechanism that perception decides behavior changes over time. At the beginning of the pandemic, risk directly shapes people’s willingness of going out. But under a persistent threat, perception no longer plays the direct role of shape people’s willingness. Instead, perception indirectly influences the willingness by shaping people’s judgment about the necessity of traveling. Switching from direct to indirect influence, perception’s effect is enlarged, which partially prevents people from returning to normal life even if the governmental ban is removed in a zero-COVID community.
Short-term balance consolidation relies on the primary motor cortex: a rTMS study
Authors: Egger S. , Wälchli M. , Rüeger E. , Taube W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructural and functional adaptations occur in the primary motor cortex (M1) after only a few balance learning sessions. Nevertheless, the role of M1 in consolidating balance tasks remains to be discussed, as direct evidence is missing due to the fact that it is unclear whether adaptations in M1 are indeed the driving force for balance improvements or merely the consequence of improved balance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the primary motor cortex is involved in the learning and consolidation of balance tasks. Thirty participants were randomly allocated into a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or sham-rTMS group. The experimental design included a single balance acquisition phase, followed by either 15 min of low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz at 115% of resting motor threshold to disrupt the involvement of M1) or sham-rTMS, and finally a retention test 24 h later. During the acquisition phase, no differences in balance improvements were observed between the two groups. However, significant differences between the rTMS and the sham-rTMS group were found from the end of the acquisition phase to the retention test. While the rTMS group had a performance loss, the sham-rTMS group displayed significant off-line gains (p = 0.001). For the first time, this finding may propose a causal relationship between the involvement of M1 and the acquisition and consolidation of a balance task.
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019–2020
Authors: Sirisereewan Chaitawat , Nguyen Thanh Che , Piewbang Chutchai , Jittimanee Suphattra , Kedkovid Roongtham , Thanawongnuwech Roongroje 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is considered a novel PCV, firstly found in China in 2019 and later discovered in Korea. This present study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV4 from high pig-density areas in Thailand during 2019–2020. From 734 samples, three samples (0.4%) from aborted fetuses and porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) cases were found positive for PCV4, two of the PCV4-positive samples were coinfected with both PCV2 and PRRSV, and the other PCV4-positive sample was found coinfected with PCV2. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed the presence of PCV4 in the bronchial epithelial cells and in lymphocytes and histiocyte-like cells in the lymphoid follicles of the PRDC-affected pig. The complete Thai PCV4 genome had over 98% nucleotide identity with other PCV4 strains and was closely related to the Korean and Chinese PCV4b strains. Importantly, the amino acid residue at position 212 of the Cap gene is recommended for differentiating PCV4a (212L) from PCV4b (212M) based on currently available PCV4 genome sequences. These findings provide important clues for the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and genetic characteristics of PCV4 in Thailand.
Silver-assisted reduction of nitroarenes by an Ag-embedded curcumin/melamine-functionalized magnetic nanocatalyst
Authors: Khaleghi Nima , Forouzandeh-Malati Mohadeseh , Ganjali Fatemeh , Rashvandi Zahra , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Taheri-Ledari Reza , Maleki Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the current study, we introduce a hybrid magnetic nanocomposite comprised of curcumin (Cur), iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs), melamine linker (Mel), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Initially, a facile in situ route is administrated for preparing the Fe3O4@Cur/Mel-Ag effectual magnetic catalytic system. In addition, the advanced catalytic performance of the nanocomposite to reduce the nitrobenzene (NB) derivatives as hazardous chemical substances were assessed. Nevertheless, a high reaction yield of 98% has been achieved in short reaction times 10 min. Moreover, the Fe3O4@Cur/Mel-Ag magnetic nanocomposite was conveniently collected by an external magnet and recycled 5 times without a noticeable diminish in catalytic performance. Therefore, the prepared magnetic nanocomposite is a privileged substance for NB derivatives reduction since it achieved notable catalytic activity.
Rhodium-catalyzed double hydroboration of pyridine: the origin of the chemo- and regioselectivities
Authors: Choi Hyoju , Wang Ruibin , Kim Suyeon , Kim Dongwook , Baik Mu-Hyun , Park Sehoon 
Published: March 2023

Rhodium catalyzes double hydroboration of pyridine via an unique mechanism involving a Rh-1,2-dihydropyridine adduct to give a mixture of unprecedented tetrahydropyridines bearing a sp3 C–B bond in a specific position.
Dynamic event‐triggered leader‐following consensus of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with measurement noises
Authors: Chen Kairui , Yan Chuance , Ren Qijun , Wang Junwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates a leader‐following consensus problem for nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with measurement noises under fixed and Markovian switching topologies, respectively. Noises are considered when each agent measures the states of its neighbours, where intensities of noises are vector functions of relative states. To alleviate the utilization of communication and computation resources, a dynamic event‐triggered consensus protocol is designed, where the coupling strength is restricted in a given interval. By using the stochastic stability theorem, it is shown that leader‐following consensus is achieved under fixed topology, where an estimation of the convergence rate is given. Moreover, the problem is studied under switching topologies subjecting to the Markovian process, which is applicable to practical situations with a time‐varying communication environment. Finally, simulation examples are given to show the correctness of the proposed results.
Beam parameter product optimization of densely arranged multi‐emitter tunnel junction cascaded laser
Authors: Wang Juwen , Xu Chuanwang , Zhang Weiqiao , Qu Hongwei , Zhou Xuyan , Qi Aiyi , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA tunnel junction cascaded semiconductor laser with thin waveguide and narrowed spacing between adjacent emitters is designed in this work. It can be concluded theoretically that the spatial size of the spots arrangement in fast axis has a greater impact on the vertical beam parameter product (BPP) of the multi‐emitter cascaded laser than the divergence angle. The measured vertical BPP of the designed narrow emitter spacing (NES) laser has been reduced 42.5%, which implies that the beam quality performance of the laser has been improved and proves the feasibility of this method. Meanwhile, the slope efficiency of the thin waveguide NES laser can reach up to 3.55 W/A under 10 ns duration pulse current.
Unique regolith characteristics of the lunar swirl Reiner Gamma as revealed by imaging polarimetry at large phase angles
Authors: Bhatt M. , Wöhler C. , Rogall J. , Aravind K. , Ganesh S. , Bhardwaj A. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Lunar swirls are high-albedo irregular markings that are generally associated with prominent magnetic anomalies. The formation of swirls is still unknown. Near-infrared spacecraft-based imaging suggests reduced space weathering at the locations of swirls. However, the reduced space weathering alone cannot explain the observed spectral properties.
Aims. We provide detailed physical characteristics of the regolith at the Reiner Gamma swirl. For the first time, systematic telescopic observations in a range of phase angles are used to derive the surface roughness, opposition effect strength, and grain size distribution at a spatial resolution of 1 km.
Methods. Imaging polarimetric observations of Reiner Gamma were obtained at the Mount Abu IR Observatory between January and March, 2021. These observations were collected with the two narrow-band continuum filters, GC (green) and RC (red), in a range of phase angles. The georeferenced polarimetric images were used to derive the single-scattering albedo, photometric roughness, and amplitude of the opposition effect by adopting the Hapke reflectance model. We further computed median regolith grain size maps of Reiner Gamma using the derived photometric roughness, albedo, and degree of polarization.
Results. A comparison of the polarization properties of Reiner Gamma swirl with the craters Kepler and Aristarchus suggests grain size variations within the swirl structure. The Hapke modeling of the Reiner Gamma swirl suggests significant changes in the opposition effect strength at the central oval, but only marginal differences in surface roughness from its surroundings. Within the swirl, the median grain size varies significantly in comparison to the background mare grain size of ~45 µm.
Conclusions. Our results confirm the occurrence of surface alteration processes that might have disrupted the regolith microstructure in the Reiner Gamma swirl. These findings are consistent with an external mechanism of swirl formation, by considering interaction between the regolith and cometary gas. Subsequent to its formation, the swirl structure was preserved due to shielding by crustal magnetic field.
Remarks on component factors in K1,r-free graphs
Authors: Dai Guowei , Zhang Zan-Bo , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2023

An ℱ-factor is a spanning subgraph H such that each connected component of H is isomorphic to some graph in ℱ. We use Pk and K1,r to denote the path of order k and the star of order r + 1, respectively. In particular, H is called a {P2, P3}-factor of G if ℱ = {P2, P3}; H is called a P≥k-factor of G if ℱ = {Pk, Pk+1,…}, where k ≥ 2; H is called an Sn-factor of G if ℱ = {P2, P3, K1,3,…, K1,n}, where n ≥ 2. A graph G is called a ℱ≥k-factor covered graph if there is a ℱ≥k-factor of G including e for any e ∈ E(G). We call a graph G is K1,r-free if G does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,r. In this paper, we give a minimum degree condition for the K1,r-free graph with an Sn-factor and the K1,r-free graph with a ℱ≥3-factor, respectively. Further, we obtain sufficient conditions for K1,r-free graphs to be ℱ≥2-factor, ℱ≥3-factor or {P2, P3}-factor covered graphs. In addition, examples show that our results are sharp.
Lumbar Drain Use during Middle Fossa Approaches for Nonneoplastic Pathology of the Skull Base
Authors: Dambrino Robert J. , Wong Gunther W. , Tang Alan R. , Jo Jacob , Yengo-Kahn Aaron M. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Freeman Michael H. , Haynes David S. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Chambless Lola B. , Thompson Reid C. , Morone Peter J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction The middle fossa craniotomy (MFCs) is commonly utilized for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, encephaloceles, and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). This study compares postoperative outcomes of MFCs with and without LD use.
Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults over the age of 18 years presenting for the repair of nonneoplastic CSF leak, encephalocele, or SSCD via MFC from 2009 to 2021 was conducted. The main exposure of interest was the placement of an LD. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative complications (acute/delayed neurologic deficit, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, and stroke). Secondary outcomes included operating room (OR) time, length of stay, recurrence, and need for reoperation.
Results In total, 172 patients were included, 96 of whom received an LD and 76 who did not. Patients not receiving an LD were more likely to receive intraoperative mannitol (n = 24, 31.6% vs. n = 16, 16.7%, p = 0.02). On univariate logistic regression, LD placement did not influence overall postoperative complications (OR: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–2.02, p = 0.28), CSF leak recurrence (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25–2.29, p = 0.61), or need for reoperation (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.48–4.96, p = 0.51). While OR time was shorter for patients not receiving LD (349 ± 71 vs. 372 ± 85 minutes), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07).
Conclusion No difference in postoperative outcomes was observed in patients who had an intraoperative LD placed compared to those without LD. Operative times were increased in the LD cohort, but this difference was not statistically significant. Given the similar outcomes, we conclude that LD is not necessary to facilitate safe MCF for nonneoplastic skull base pathologies.
Multiportal Retrograde Endoscopy to Enhance Surgical Target Visualization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Konuthula Neeraja , Bly Randall A. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Humphreys Ian M. , Masco Vanessa V. , Hannaford Blake , Moe Kris S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Current transnasal endoscopic techniques for sinus and skull base surgery use a single endoscope to provide visualization from one perspective curtailing depth perception and compromising visualization of the instrument–target interface. The view can be blocked by instruments, and collisions between instruments often occur. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of multiportal retrograde endoscopy to provide more accurate manipulation of the surgical target.
Design Maxillary antrostomy and frontal sinusotomy were performed on three different cadavers by three different surgeons. A zero-degree rigid endoscope was introduced through the nose for the standard transnasal approach. A flexible endoscope was introduced transorally, directed past the palate superiorly, and then flexed 180 degrees for the retrograde view. Videos of the standard transnasal view from the rigid endoscope and retrograde view from the flexible endoscope were recorded simultaneously.
Results All surgeries were able to be performed with dual-screen viewing of the standard and retrograde view. The surgeons noted that they utilized the retrograde view to adjust the location of ends/tips of their instruments. Four surgeons reviewed the videos and individually agreed that the visualization achieved provided a perspective otherwise not attainable with rigid transnasal endoscopy alone.
Conclusion High-quality visualization of surgical targets such as the frontal or maxillary ostia can be challenging with rigid endoscopes alone. Multiportal retrograde endoscopy provides proof of concept that additional views of a surgical target can be achieved. Additional work is needed to further develop indications, techniques, and generalizability to targets beyond those investigated here.
Endoscopic Repair of Internal Carotid Artery Injury with a Lateral Tongue Muscle Patch Graft: Novel Technique and Literature Review
Authors: Chapurin Nikita , Sharma Rahul K. , Stevens Madelyn N. , Kim Esther , Turner Justin H. , Russell Paul T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives Iatrogenic injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the most catastrophic complications of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. Previous research has shown that packing with a crushed muscle graft at the injury site can be an effective management technique to control bleeding and prevent the need for ICA sacrifice. Here, we describe a novel and readily available repair donor site—an autologous lateral tongue muscle patch.
Design Three representative cases of a successful repair of ICA injuries using a lateral tongue muscle patch are included in this study. The graft measured approximately 2 × 3 cm and was taken from the lateral intrinsic tongue musculature. We describe the harvest of the graft, its advantages, and the details of operative repair.
Results The lateral tongue provides a large and readily accessible source of muscle within the surgical field that can be quickly harvested during an endoscopic procedure. For the first case, an expanding parasellar ICA pseudoaneurysm was managed with a tongue muscle patch and nasal packing. In the second case, a cavernous ICA injury was sustained during craniopharyngioma resection. Case three involved an ICA injury during endonasal debridement of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. None of the patients required embolization or neurovascular stenting. Postoperative angiograms and serial computed tomography angiograms showed complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm, and the patients continued to do well at least 1 year after repair.
Conclusion Lateral tongue muscle graft is an effective and efficient method to manage ICA injuries during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Advantages include the speed of harvest, donor site being readily accessible in the surgical field, and low donor site morbidity. It should be added to the repertoire of possible donor sites for addressing catastrophic sinonasal bleeding.