bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of stellar flares and coronal mass ejections on the atmospheric escape from hot Jupiters
Authors: Hazra Gopal , Vidotto Aline A. , Carolan Stephen , Villarreal D’Angelo Carolina , Manchester Ward 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpectral observations in the Ly-α line have shown that atmospheric escape is variable and for the exoplanet HD189733b, the atmospheric evaporation goes from undetected to enhanced evaporation in a 1.5 years interval. To understand the temporal variation in the atmospheric escape, we investigate the effect of flares, winds, and CMEs on the atmosphere of hot Jupiter HD189733b using 3D self-consistent radiation hydrodynamic simulations. We consider four cases: first, the quiescent phase including stellar wind; secondly, a flare; thirdly, a CME; and fourthly, a flare followed by a CME. We find that the flare alone increases the atmospheric escape rate by only 25%, while the CME leads to a factor of 4 increments, in comparison to the quiescent case. We also find that the flare alone cannot explain the observed high blue-shifted velocities seen in the Ly-α. The CME, however, leads to an increase in the velocity of escaping atmospheres, enhancing the blue-shifted transit depth.
Observations of outflows of massive stars
Authors: Mehner Andrea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMass loss plays a key role in the evolution of massive stars and their environment. High mass-loss events are traced by complex circumstellar ejecta and intricate line profiles across the upper Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for massive stars in different evolutionary stages. The basic physics of radiation-driven stellar wind for hot stars is well understood. However, the driving mechanisms and related instabilities for their enhanced mass-loss episodes and the driving mechanisms for the mass loss of cool stars are still debated. In this review, the mass-loss characteristics and the possible mechanisms will be surveyed for an observational set of prominent massive stellar populations that experience outflows, strong stellar winds, and periods of enhanced and eruptive mass loss; massive young stellar objects, OB-type stars, red supergiants, warm hypergiants, luminous blue variables, and Wolf-Rayet stars.
Short-term variations of surface magnetism and prominences of the young sun-like star V530 Per
Authors: Tianqi Cang , Petit Pascal , Donati Jean-François , Folsom Colin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractV530 Per is a solar-like member of the young open cluster α Persei, with an ultra-short rotation period (P∼0.32d). We report on two spectropolarimetric campaigns using ESPaDOnS, aimed at characterizing the short-term variability of its magnetic activity and large-scale magnetic field. We used time-resolved spectropolarimetric observations obtained in 2006 and 2018 and reconstructed the brightness distribution and large-scale magnetic field geometry of V530 Per through Zeeman-Doppler imaging. Using the same data sets, we also mapped the spatial distribution of prominences through tomography of Hα emission. We reconstruct, at both epochs, a large, dark spot occupying the polar region of V530 Per while smaller (dark and bright) spots were reconstructed at lower latitudes. The maximal field strength reached ∼1 kG. The prominence pattern displayed a stable component that was confined close to the corotation radius. In 2018, we also observed rapidly evolving Hα emitting structures, over timescales ranging from minutes to days. The fast Hα evolution was not linked to any detected photospheric changes in the spot or magnetic coverage.
Stellar wind from low-mass main-sequence stars: an overview of theoretical models
Authors: Shoda Munehito 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe stellar wind from low-mass stars affects the evolution of the whole stellar system in various ways. To better describe its quantitative contributions, we need to understand the theoretical aspects of stellar wind formation. Here, we present an overview of the theoretical models of stellar wind. The classical thermally-driven wind model fails in reproducing the anti-correlation between the coronal temperature and wind speed observed in the solar wind, thus needs modification with magnetic-energy injection. Specifically, energy input by Alfvén wave is likely to be important. Indeed, a number of solar-wind observations are well reproduced by the Alfvén-wave models, although it could be risky to directly apply the Alfvén-wave models to general low-mass stars. For a better description of stellar wind from low-mass stars with a variety of activity levels, the hybrid model would be better, in which we consider the effect of flux emergence as well as Alfvén wave.
Double tail structure in escaping atmospheres of magnetised close-in planets
Authors: Vidotto A. A. , Carolan S. , Hazra G. , Villarreal D’Angelo C. , Kubyshkina D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh-energy stellar irradiation can photoevaporate planetary atmospheres, which can be observed in spectroscopic transits of hydrogen lines. Here, we investigate the effect of planetary magnetic fields on the observational signatures of atmospheric escape in hot Jupiters.
Clumping and X-rays in cool B Supergiants
Authors: Bernini-Peron Matheus , Marcolino W. L. F. , Sander A. A. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractB supergiants (BSGs) are evolved objects on the cool end of the line-driven wind regime. Studying their atmospheres provides important insights on the stellar wind physics of these objects and their evolutionary status. So far important features of their spectra, especially in the UV region, could not be reproduced consistently with atmosphere models. This translates directly into problems of our understanding of their wind properties. Here, we present new insights about the BSGs on the cooler side of the Bi-Stability Jump, corresponding to spectral types later than B1. Using UV and optical data, we analysed a sample of Galactic cool BSGs. Including for the first time X-rays and clumping the wind models, we show that the spectra of cool BSGs cannot be explained without X-rays, despite any clear detection of the target stars.
On the making of a PN: the interaction of a multiple stellar wind with the ISM
Authors: Manchado Arturo , Villaver Eva , García-Segura G. , Bianchi Luciana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNGC 7293, the Helix nebula, represents one of the rare instances in which theoretical predictions of stellar evolution can be accurately tested against observations since the precise parallax distance and the velocity and proper motion of the star are well known. We present numerical simulations of the formation of the Helix PN that are fully constrained by the progenitor stellar mass, stellar evolution history, and star-interstellar medium (ISM) interaction. In the simulations, multiple bow-shock structures are formed by fragmentation of the shock front where the direct interaction of the stellar wind with the ISM takes place.
Statistical properties of cold circumstellar envelops observed in NESS–NRO
Authors: Amada K. , Fukaya S. , Imai H. , Scicluna P. , Hirano N. , Trejo-Cruz A. , Zeegers S. , Kemper F. , Srinivasan S. , Wallström S. , Dharmawardena T. , Shinnaga H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe conducted CO J=1→0 emission line observations for nearby AGB stars using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. Comparing our results with those from CO J=3→2 observations with JCMT, the circumstellar envelopes observed in CO J=1→0 look more extended than J=3→2. Thus, we could trace the outer, cold parts of the envelopes. We also found four stars in which the CO/13CO ratio changes dramatically outward, but the change implies the effect of selective photodissociation by interstellar ultraviolet radiation, not the third dredge up in the stellar interior. We moreover found two unique stars with aspherical envelope morphology.
Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Young Stephen L. , Anderson James V. , Baerson Scott R. , Bajsa-Hirschel Joanna , Blumenthal Dana M. , Boyd Chad S. , Boyette Clyde D. , Brennan Eric B. , Cantrell Charles L. , Chao Wun S. , Chee-Sanford Joanne C. , Clements Charlie D. , Dray F. Allen , Duke Stephen O. , Eason Kayla M. , Fletcher Reginald S. , Fulcher Michael R. , Gaskin John F. , Grewell Brenda J. , Hamerlynck Erik P. , Hoagland Robert E. , Horvath David P. , Law Eugene P. , Madsen John D. , Martin Daniel E. , Mattox Clint , Mirsky Steven B. , Molin William T. , Moran Patrick J. , Mueller Rebecca C. , Nandula Vijay K. , Newingham Beth A. , Pan Zhiqiang , Porensky Lauren M. , Pratt Paul D. , Price Andrew J. , Rector Brian G. , Reddy Krishna N. , Sheley Roger L. , Smith Lincoln , Smith Melissa C. , Snyder Keirith A. , Tancos Matthew A. , West Natalie M. , Wheeler Gregory S. , Williams Martin M. , Wolf Julie , Wonkka Carissa L. , Wright Alice A. , Xi Jing , Ziska Lew H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) has been a leader in weed science research covering topics ranging from the development and use of integrated weed management (IWM) tactics to basic mechanistic studies, including biotic resistance of desirable plant communities and herbicide resistance. ARS weed scientists have worked in agricultural and natural ecosystems, including agronomic and horticultural crops, pastures, forests, wild lands, aquatic habitats, wetlands, and riparian areas. Through strong partnerships with academia, state agencies, private industry, and numerous federal programs, ARS weed scientists have made contributions to discoveries in the newest fields of robotics and genetics, as well as the traditional and fundamental subjects of weed–crop competition and physiology and integration of weed control tactics and practices. Weed science at ARS is often overshadowed by other research topics; thus, few are aware of the long history of ARS weed science and its important contributions. This review is the result of a symposium held at the Weed Science Society of America’s 62nd Annual Meeting in 2022 that included 10 separate presentations in a virtual Weed Science Webinar Series. The overarching themes of management tactics (IWM, biological control, and automation), basic mechanisms (competition, invasive plant genetics, and herbicide resistance), and ecosystem impacts (invasive plant spread, climate change, conservation, and restoration) represent core ARS weed science research that is dynamic and efficacious and has been a significant component of the agency’s national and international efforts. This review highlights current studies and future directions that exemplify the science and collaborative relationships both within and outside ARS. Given the constraints of weeds and invasive plants on all aspects of food, feed, and fiber systems, there is an acknowledged need to face new challenges, including agriculture and natural resources sustainability, economic resilience and reliability, and societal health and well-being.
The Observed Effects of Cold Pools on Convection Triggering and Organization During DYNAMO/AMIE
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Torri Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCold pools that form from existing convection can generate new clouds nearby, a process that has been suggested to contribute to cloud organization. However, some disagreement exists on the role of cold pools in cloud organization over tropical oceans, and much remains to be understood on how this role depends on the state of large‐scale disturbances such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). This study addresses this question by examining the intraseasonal variability in the properties of cold pools and their effects on convection triggering using observations. The unique set of surface meteorology data and ground‐based radars deployed during the DYNAMO/AMIE field campaign are used to identify cold pools and the associated spatiotemporal evolution of rainfall. The results suggest that cold pools enhance rainfall at their expected speed of 3–8 m s−1, which includes the Doppler‐shifting effect by the background wind. The cold pools also enhance rainfall mainly within a 20 km radius, especially in the direction of boundary‐layer vertical wind shear. However, gravity waves appear to contribute predominantly to the propagation of convection over a wider range of distances due to their faster propagation speeds. The interface of convection triggering and propagation at different speeds of cold pools and gravity waves seems to contribute to cloud organization. The effectiveness of cold pools and gravity waves on cloud organization also depends highly on the MJO due to the combined effects of changes in environmental humidity and boundary to lower‐tropospheric wind.
Cell fate determinant Llgl1 is required for propagation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Eifert Theresa , Hsu Chen-Jen , Becker Alicia L. , Graessle Sarah , Horne Arik , Bemmann Franziska , Zhang Qirui , Heuser Michael , Vasioukhin Valeri , Scholl Sebastian , Hochhaus Andreas , Siegerist Florian , Endlich Nicole , Bullinger Lars , Lane Steven W. , Haas Simon , Schnoeder Tina M. , Heidel Florian H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScribble complex proteins can influence cell fate decisions and self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic cells. While specific cellular functions of Scribble complex members are conserved in mammalian hematopoiesis, they appear to be highly context dependent. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screening, we have identified Scribble complex-related liabilities in AML including LLGL1. Despite its reported suppressive function in HSC self-renewal, inactivation of LLGL1 in AML confirms its relevant role for proliferative capacity and development of AML. Its function was conserved in human and murine models of AML and across various genetic backgrounds. Inactivation of LLGL1 results in loss of stemness-associated gene-expression including HoxA-genes and induces a GMP-like phenotype in the leukemia stem cell compartment. Re-expression of HoxA9 facilitates functional and phenotypic rescue. Collectively, these data establish LLGL1 as a specific dependency and putative target in AML and emphasizes its cell-type specific functions.
Metformin escape in prostate cancer by activating the PTGR1 transcriptional program through a novel super-enhancer
Authors: Ye Jianheng , Cai Shanghua , Feng Yuanfa , Li Jinchuang , Cai Zhiduan , Deng Yulin , Liu Ren , Zhu Xuejin , Lu Jianming , Zhuo Yangjia , Liang Yingke , Xie Jianjiang , Zhang Yanqiong , He Huichan , Han Zhaodong , Jia Zhenyu , Zhong Weide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of metformin in prostate cancer (PCa) appears uncertain based on various clinical trials. Metformin treatment failure may be attributed to the high frequency of transcriptional dysregulation, which leads to drug resistance. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found evidences that metformin resistance in PCa cells may be linked to cell cycle reactivation. Super-enhancers (SEs), crucial regulatory elements, have been shown to be associated with drug resistance in various cancers. Our analysis of SEs in metformin-resistant (MetR) PCa cells revealed a correlation with Prostaglandin Reductase 1 (PTGR1) expression, which was identified as significantly increased in a cluster of cells with metformin resistance through single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Our functional experiments showed that PTGR1 overexpression accelerated cell cycle progression by promoting progression from the G0/G1 to the S and G2/M phases, resulting in reduced sensitivity to metformin. Additionally, we identified key transcription factors that significantly increase PTGR1 expression, such as SRF and RUNX3, providing potential new targets to address metformin resistance in PCa. In conclusion, our study sheds new light on the cellular mechanism underlying metformin resistance and the regulation of the SE-TFs-PTGR1 axis, offering potential avenues to enhance metformin’s therapeutic efficacy in PCa.
Candidatus Nemesobacterales is a sponge-specific clade of the candidate phylum Desulfobacterota adapted to a symbiotic lifestyle
Authors: Gavriilidou Asimenia , Avcı Burak , Galani Anastasia , Schorn Michelle A , Ingham Colin J , Ettema Thijs J G , Smidt Hauke , Sipkema Detmer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Members of the candidate phylum Dadabacteria, recently reassigned to the phylum Candidatus Desulfobacterota, are cosmopolitan in the marine environment found both free-living and associated with hosts that are mainly marine sponges. Yet, these microorganisms are poorly characterized, with no cultured representatives and an ambiguous phylogenetic position in the tree of life. Here, we performed genome-centric metagenomics to elucidate their phylogenomic placement and predict the metabolism of the sponge-associated members of this lineage. Rank-based phylogenomics revealed several new species and a novel family (Candidatus Spongomicrobiaceae) within a sponge-specific order, named here Candidatus Nemesobacterales. Metabolic reconstruction suggests that Ca. Nemesobacterales are aerobic heterotrophs, capable of synthesizing most amino acids, vitamins and cofactors and degrading complex carbohydrates. We also report functional divergence between sponge- and seawater-associated metagenome-assembled genomes. Niche-specific adaptations to the sponge holobiont were evident from significantly enriched genes involved in defense mechanisms against foreign DNA and environmental stressors, host-symbiont interactions and secondary metabolite production. Fluorescence in situ hybridization gave a first glimpse of the morphology and lifestyle of a member of Ca. Desulfobacterota. Candidatus Nemesobacterales spp. were found both inside sponge cells centred around sponge nuclei and in the mesohyl of the sponge Geodia barretti. This study sheds light on the enigmatic group Ca. Nemesobacterales and their functional characteristics that reflect a symbiotic lifestyle.
Color stability of nanohybrid and microhybrid composites after immersion in common coloring beverages at different times: a laboratory study
Authors: Al-Shami Ahlam Mohammad , Alshami Mohammad Ali , Al-Kholani Abdulwahab I. , Al-Sayaghi Amat-Alkhaliq Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective/Aim
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the color stability of microhybrid and nanohybrid restorative composites after exposure to immersion media common in Yemen for different periods.

Materials and methods
Two composite materials, nanohybrid Tetric N-Ceram and microhybrid Te-Econom Plus, were investigated. Six groups of 30 cylindrical specimens (n = 5/group; diameter, 10 mm; thickness, 2 mm; shade A2) of each restorative material were immersed for 1 week in distilled water, qat solution, Yemeni coffee, traditional Yemeni coffee (qishr), red tea, and Dilsi cola. Color changes were evaluated by colorimetry. The color data and pH were measured before and 1, 3, and 7 days after immersion. The data were statistically analyzed.

Results
Tetric N-Ceram showed lesser discoloration than did Te-Econom Plus. Qat, coffee, and red tea caused highly significant discoloration than did Dilsi cola and distilled water (p < 0.05). The role of low pH in discoloration depended on the colorant.

Discussion
Nanohybrid Tetric N-Ceram composites are more resistant to discoloration than are microhybrid Te-Econom Plus composites. Qat and coffee have the highest effect on composite discoloration.

Conclusions
These findings will aid in selecting composite materials and patient instruction.
Platelet-derived exerkine CXCL4/platelet factor 4 rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis and restores cognitive function in aged mice
Authors: Leiter Odette , Brici David , Fletcher Stephen J. , Yong Xuan Ling Hilary , Widagdo Jocelyn , Matigian Nicholas , Schroer Adam B. , Bieri Gregor , Blackmore Daniel G. , Bartlett Perry F. , Anggono Victor , Villeda Saul A. , Walker Tara L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe beneficial effects of physical activity on brain ageing are well recognised, with exerkines, factors that are secreted into the circulation in response to exercise, emerging as likely mediators of this response. However, the source and identity of these exerkines remain unclear. Here we provide evidence that an anti-geronic exerkine is secreted by platelets. We show that platelets are activated by exercise and are required for the exercise-induced increase in hippocampal precursor cell proliferation in aged mice. We also demonstrate that increasing the systemic levels of the platelet-derived exerkine CXCL4/platelet factor 4 (PF4) ameliorates age-related regenerative and cognitive impairments in a hippocampal neurogenesis-dependent manner. Together these findings highlight the role of platelets in mediating the rejuvenating effects of exercise during physiological brain ageing.
Toward a formal theory for computing machines made out of whatever physics offers
Authors: Jaeger Herbert , Noheda Beatriz , van der Wiel Wilfred G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractApproaching limitations of digital computing technologies have spurred research in neuromorphic and other unconventional approaches to computing. Here we argue that if we want to engineer unconventional computing systems in a systematic way, we need guidance from a formal theory that is different from the classical symbolic-algorithmic Turing machine theory. We propose a general strategy for developing such a theory, and within that general view, a specific approach that we call fluent computing. In contrast to Turing, who modeled computing processes from a top-down perspective as symbolic reasoning, we adopt the scientific paradigm of physics and model physical computing systems bottom-up by formalizing what can ultimately be measured in a physical computing system. This leads to an understanding of computing as the structuring of processes, while classical models of computing systems describe the processing of structures.
IRX2 regulates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by transcriptionally activating EGR1 in male mice
Authors: Ma Zhen-Guo , Yuan Yu-Pei , Fan Di , Zhang Xin , Teng Teng , Song Peng , Kong Chun-Yan , Hu Can , Wei Wen-Ying , Tang Qi-Zhu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is a common feature of chronic heart failure. Iroquois homeobox (IRX) family of transcription factors plays important roles in heart development; however, the role of IRX2 in cardiac fibrosis has not been clarified. Here we report that IRX2 expression is significantly upregulated in the fibrotic hearts. Increased IRX2 expression is mainly derived from cardiac fibroblast (CF) during the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced fibrotic response. Using two CF-specific Irx2-knockout mouse models, we show that deletion of Irx2 in CFs protect against pathological fibrotic remodelling and improve cardiac function in male mice. In contrast, Irx2 gain of function in CFs exaggerate fibrotic remodelling. Mechanistically, we find that IRX2 directly binds to the promoter of the early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) and subsequently initiates the transcription of several fibrosis-related genes. Our study provides evidence that IRX2 regulates the EGR1 pathway upon Ang II stimulation and drives cardiac fibrosis.