bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Best-Practice Alert on the Rate of Smoking Cessation among Pregnant Women
Authors: Tvina Alina , Tillis Brian , Chen Meinuo , MacBeth Margaret , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Palatnik Anna 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine if a best-practice alert (BPA) implementation increases the rate of smoking cessation during pregnancy and affects pregnancy outcomes associated with smoking.
Study Design This was a pretest–posttest study design where a BPA was added to electronic medical records (EMR) of pregnant persons who reported active smoking. The BPA provided the 5A's method to conduct counseling on smoking cessation. The rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy were compared 1.5 years before and after implementation of the BPA. Secondary outcomes examined whether counseling on smoking cessation was done, the number of the counseling sessions during pregnancy, and obstetric outcomes associated with maternal smoking.
Results After implementation of the BPA, the rate of smoking cessation in pregnancy increased from 17.5% prior to BPA implementation to 54.9% after BPA implementation (p < 0.001). The rate of counseling on smoking cessation increased from 66.6% prior to BPA implementation to 95.6% after BPA implementation, with an increase noted also in the number of smoking cessation counseling sessions. In multivariate analyses, after controlling for maternal demographic and clinical factors, BPA implementation was significantly associated with higher rates of smoking cessation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–5.51), higher rates of documented smoking cessation counseling in the EMR (aOR: 12.44, 95% CI: 6.06–25.64), and higher odds of conducting the counseling more than once (aOR: 6.90 95% CI: 4.45–10.88).
Conclusion The rate of smoking cessation and number of times pregnant persons were counseled increased after implementation of a BPA. The BPA could be a useful EMR tool to increase smoking cessation rates during pregnancy.
Key Points
Management of Patients undergoing Elective Craniotomy under Antiplatelet or Anticoagulation Therapy: An International Survey of Practice
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Rychen Jonathan , Chiappini Alessio , Mariani Luigi , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The literature concerning the management of antiplatelet (AP) and anticoagulation (AC) medication in the perioperative phase of craniotomy remains scarce. The aim of this international survey was to investigate the current practice among neurosurgeons regarding their perioperative management of AP and AC medication.
Methods We distributed an online survey to neurosurgeons worldwide with questions concerning their perioperative practice with AP and AC medication in patients undergoing craniotomy. Descriptive statistics were performed.
Results A total of 130 replies were registered. The majority of responders practice neurosurgery in Europe (79%) or high-income countries (79%). Responders reported in 58.9 and 48.8% to have institutional guidelines for the perioperative management of AP and AC medication. Preoperative interruption time was reported heterogeneously for the different types of AP and AC medication with 40.4% of responders interrupting aspirin (ASA) for 4 to 6 days and 45.7% interrupting clopidogrel for 6 to 8 days. Around half of the responders considered ASA safe to be continued or resumed within 3 days for bypass (55%) or vascular (49%) surgery, but only few for skull base or other tumor craniotomies in general (14 and 26%, respectively). Three quarters of the responders (74%) did not consider AC safe to be continued or resumed early (within 3 days) for any kind of craniotomy. ASA was considered to have the lowest risk of bleeding. Nearly all responders (93%) agreed that more evidence is needed concerning AP and AC management in neurosurgery.
Conclusion Worldwide, the perioperative management of AP and AC medication is very heterogeneous among neurosurgeons.
Cerebellar Atrophy and Epilepsy in Twins with a Novel SCN8A Mutation
Authors: Aleksandrova Iliyana , Asenova Asya , Todorov Tihomir , Atemin Slavena , Maver Ales , Peterlin Borut , Mitev Vanio , Todorova Albena , Bojinova Veneta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose Pathogenic SCN8A variants are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, ranging from mild to severe epileptic phenotypes, cases of intellectual disability, or movement disorders without epilepsy. Ataxia and cerebellar atrophy are rarely described as components of the disease phenotype.
Case Presentation We present the cases of male twins, born after normal pregnancy and delivery, both with normal neuropsychological but with delayed motor development in the first 2 years of life. Between 8 months and 9 years of age, the boys experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures, several times per year. When 9 years old, the children suffered an increase in seizure frequency, and the family reported gradual worsening in coordination, speech, communication, and social skills. When 9 and a half years of age, the patients were admitted to the Clinic of Child Neurology for the first time. They both had coordination syndrome (intention tremor, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia) that had worsened compared with previous reports, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed cerebellar atrophy. The genetic testing confirmed a mutation c.2617G > T, p.Gly873Cys in SCN8A gene. After adding lamotrigine to valproate and levetiracetam, and adjusting the dosage of valproate and levetiracetam, we observed good seizure control accompanied by improvement in the coordination syndrome.
Conclusion The cerebellar atrophy in our patients is likely due to the underlying sodium channelopathy, as it was presented at the time of the seizure worsening, but we cannot exclude the role of the epileptic seizures as the worsening of the coordination syndrome accompanied the seizure aggravation, and the tendency toward improvement was evident after seizure control.
Study on Effectiveness and Tolerability of Adjunctive Perampanel Treatment in Children with Refractory Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Thavalenga Jincy , Nanjundappa Raghunath C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Nearly 30% of patients with epilepsy are refractory to currently available antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved perampanel (PER) for patients as young as 4 years, there are limited data on using PER in children.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive PER treatment in children with refractory epilepsy (RE).
Methodology This prospective intervention study was conducted in the tertiary care center, in Bengaluru, India from December 2020 to May 2022. PER was added after the failure of a minimum of two ASDs and patients with 6 months follow-up. Treatment response was classified as complete, partial, or none with ≥90, ≥50, and <50% reduction in seizure frequency, respectively. Adverse events and discontinuation data were used to assess tolerability.
Results Our cohort consisted of 100 cases, a mean age of 9.3 ± 3.8 years and male:female ratio of 3:1. The predominant seizure type was generalized seizures (74%), and concomitant enzyme-inducing ASD use was noted in 27%. Structural etiology was noted in 57%. A total of 76% of participants responded to PER therapy (46% complete response and 30% partial response), while 23% showed no response and 1% discontinued the treatment. Adverse events were observed in 25% of participants (11/25 [44%] drowsiness/sedation, 10/25 [40%] behavioral problems, and 4 [16%] other side effects). Early PER add-on provided a statistically significant benefit over late PER add-on (p = 0.01). Response to PER did not differ significantly with the type of seizure and ASD used (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Adjunctive PER therapy is safe and effective for treating children with RE. An early add-on of PER is more beneficial in controlling seizures than a late add-on.
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictors of Disease Severity and Mortality in Critically Ill Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shenoy Sangeetha , Patil Shruti 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the ability of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to predict the severity of illness as assessed by two scoring systems, namely, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III (PRISM-III) and outcome. This was a retrospective cohort study wherein all critically ill children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit from January 2021 to October 2022 were included. Children with chronic systemic diseases and hematological illness were excluded from the study. Demographic details, diagnosis, PRISM-III-24 and PELOD-2 scores at admission, and outcome were retrieved from the hospital case records. NLR and PLR values were compared among high and normal PRISM-III and PELOD-2 groups as well as among survivors and nonsurvivors. A total of 325 patients with critical illness were included with a mean (standard deviation) age of 7(5) years and a male: female ratio of 3:2. The values of NLR were significantly higher among the patients with high PRISM-III (2.2 vs. 1.3, p-value = 0.006) and PELOD-2 (2 vs. 1.4, p-value = 0.015) groups compared with normal. The NLR and PLR were significantly higher among the nonsurvivors compared with the survivors (2.3 vs. 1.4, p-value = 0.013, and 59.4 vs. 27.3, p-value = 0.016 for NLR and PLR, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for NLR and PLR was 0.617 and 0.609, respectively. A high PLR, PRISM-III, and PELOD-2 were the factors found to be independently associated with mortality on multiple logistic regression analysis. Patients with high NLR are associated with more severe illness at admission. NLR and PLR are useful parameters to predict mortality.
Neurorecovery after Critical COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Alabsi Haitham , Emerson Kristi , Lin David J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the hundreds of millions of people worldwide who have been, and continue to be, affected by pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its chronic sequelae, strategies to improve recovery and rehabilitation from COVID-19 are critical global public health priorities. Neurologic complications have been associated with acute COVID-19 infection, usually in the setting of critical COVID-19 illness. Neurologic complications are also a core feature of the symptom constellation of long COVID and portend poor outcomes. In this article, we review neurologic complications and their mechanisms in critical COVID-19 illness and long COVID. We focus on parallels with neurologic disease associated with non-COVID critical systemic illness. We conclude with a discussion of how recent findings can guide both neurologists working in post-acute neurologic rehabilitation facilities and policy makers who influence neurologic resource allocation.
A Prospective Pilot Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Endometriosis: The UAE-E Study
Authors: Koukounaras Jim , Clements Warren , Ang W. Catarina , Zia Adil , Lukies Matthew , Moriarty Heather K , Kavnoudias Helen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose Uterine artery embolization (UAE) evidence is increasing in the setting of adenomyosis, which shares pathological similarities to endometriosis. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside of the uterus, and the retrograde menstruation hypothesis may account for disease development. In women where fertility is no longer desired, hysterectomy can be offered to improve pain-related symptoms. The authors hypothesize that this cohort of patients may similarly respond to UAE. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of UAE in the management of endometriosis-related symptoms.
Methods Six-patient prospective single-arm pilot study in female, premenopausal patients over 40 years with symptoms of endometriosis. Institutional review board approval was obtained.Inclusion criteria include completed family, premenopausal, pelvic endometriosis as confirmed by laparoscopy within the last 5 years, and symptoms of endometriosis impacting quality of life as evidenced by the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy pelvic pain and Short Form-36 questionnaires.
Results The primary endpoint will be safety, as assessed by the composite number of procedural and postprocedural complications during procedure, predischarge, and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Secondary endpoints will include technical success, clinical success, and durability.
Discussion This study will be a novel application of UAE in the setting of endometriosis and has the potential to improve patient quality of life. This pilot study will assess safety and allow the investigators to design a prospective randomized controlled study.
Seed dormancy and storage behaviour of the Hawaiian endemic Coprosma kauensis (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Wolkis Dustin , Saling Emily , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. 
Published: May 2023

Context Seed banking is the most efficient and cost-effective method of preserving plant germplasm, but not all species can be conserved by conventional practices. Further, restoration of plant populations from seeds often is hindered by a lack of a priori knowledge of seed dormancy and germination requirements. Aims Our objective was to determine seed desiccation, initial freezing tolerance and the dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of Coprosma kauensis, a dioecious shrub endemic to Kauaʻi Island in Hawaiʻi. Methods The effects of temperature and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination of fresh seeds were tested in light/dark at 15/5, 25/15 and 20/10°C with and without treatment with GA3. To test effects of desiccation and initial freezing on germination, seeds were dried to 15% relative humidity at 15°C and then stored at −20°C. Key results Regardless of incubation temperature and treatment (or not) with GA3, final germination ranged from 78 to 88%; however, time to 50% germination decreased at 20/10°C for seeds treated with 500 ppm GA3. There was no significant difference in final germination percentage between freshly harvested seeds and those desiccated, nor of those desiccated and then subsequently frozen at −20°C. Conclusions Fresh seeds of C. kauensis exhibit a low degree of nondeep physiological dormancy. They can germinate over a range of temperatures, but germination speed is increased by GA3. Fresh seeds are desiccation and freeze tolerant (after 6 months storage). Implications This vulnerable Kauaʻi endemic species easily can be propagated from seeds. Future studies should investigate long-term longevity at various storage temperatures.
Transferable nano-patterned ALD membrane
Authors: Anwar Farhana , Tao Matthew , Schwartzberg Adam , Ogletree Frank , Virginia Altoe Maria , Raja Archana , Cabrini Stefano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate fabrication of nano-patterned thin ALD (Atomic layer deposition) membrane (suspended/transferable) by using a bi-layer resist process where the bottom layer resist acts as a sacrificial layer. This method enables an all dry deterministic transfer of nano-patterned ALD membrane on desired substrate, allowing assembly of multitude of hetero-structures and functionalities that are not yet accessible. Unlike conventional ways of achieving patterned alumina membrane reported in literature our technique requires significantly less fabrication steps and paves the way for novel ALD membrane-based technology.
Semi-classical states for elliptic system near saddle points of potentials
Authors: Zhang Chengxiang , Zhang Xu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the following Hamiltonian elliptic system

−

ε
2

Δ
u
+
u
=

H
v

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

in

R

N

,

−

ε
2

Δ
v
+
v
=

H
u

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

in

R

N

,

u
(
x
)
→
0
,

v
(
x
)
→
0

a
s

|

x

|

→
∞
,

where ɛ > 0 is a small parameter, H is a super-quadratic sub-critical Hamiltonian. Our investigation focuses on the cases that

H
(
x
,
u
,
v
)
=

1
2

K
(
x
)
(

u
2

+

v
2

)
+
F
(
u
,
v
)

and

H
(
x
,
u
,
v
)
=
K
(
x
)
F
(
u
,
v
)

, where K(x) possesses saddle points. By introducing a new penalization associated with the barycenters of functions and applying the Leray–Schauder degree theory, we adopt the local variational arguments in Byeon and Jeanjean (2007 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
185 185–200); Byeon and Tanaka (2013 J. Eur. Math. Soc.
15 1859–99; 2014 Semiclassical Standing Waves with Clustering Peaks for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society)) and obtain the existence of semi-classical states for the Hamiltonian elliptic system, which concentrate around the saddle points of V as ɛ → 0.
Observation of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency wave emission in electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated tokamak plasma
Authors: Sumida Shuhei , Shinohara Kouji , Ichimura Makoto , Bando Takahiro , Bierwage Andreas , Kobayashi Takayuki , Yamazaki Hibiki , Moriyama Shinichi , Ide Shunsuke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Emissions of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency (ICRF) waves have been observed in a solely electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated plasma, namely no fast-ion plasma, on the JT-60U tokamak for the first time. The mode frequencies are around the ion cyclotron frequency at the low-field-side plasma edge. The waves are considered to be electromagnetic and standing waves from poloidal and toroidal phase differences measured with ICRF antennas. Wave characteristics of the ICRF emissions such as frequency, polarization and propagation are similar to those of edge-ion cyclotron emissions (ICEs) driven by neutral-beam-injected fast ions although driving sources are completely different. From analysis of the resonance conditions, this ICRF wave emission is considered to be driven by the electron-cyclotron-resonance-heated fast electrons via the Cherenkov resonance condition. When ICE is used for fast ion diagnostics, such fast-electron-driven ICRF wave emission may complicate its interpretation during electron cyclotron resonance heating.
Quantum operation of affective artificial intelligence
Authors: Yukalov V I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The review analyses the fundamental principles which Artificial Intelligence should be based on in order to imitate the realistic process of taking decisions by humans experiencing emotions. Two approaches are considered, one based on quantum theory and the other employing classical terms. Both these approaches have a number of similarities, being principally probabilistic. The analogies between quantum measurements under intrinsic noise and affective decision making are elucidated. It is shown that cognitive processes have many features that are formally similar to quantum measurements. This, however, in no way means that for the imitation of human decision making Affective Artificial Intelligence has necessarily to rely on the functioning of quantum systems. The analogies between human decision making and quantum measurements merely demonstrate formal common properties in their functioning. It is in this sense that one has to understand quantum operation of Artificial Intelligence. Appreciating the common features between quantum measurements and decision making helps for the formulation of an axiomatic approach employing only classical notions. Artificial Intelligence, following this approach, operates similarly to humans, by taking into account the utility of the considered alternatives as well as their emotional attractiveness. Affective Artificial Intelligence, whose operation takes account of the cognition-emotion duality, avoids numerous behavioural paradoxes of traditional decision making. A society of intelligent agents, interacting through the repeated multistep exchange of information, forms a network accomplishing dynamic decision making based on the evaluation of utility and affected by the emotional attractiveness of alternatives. The considered intelligent networks can characterize the operation of either a human society of affective decision makers, or the brain composed of neurons, or a typical probabilistic network of an artificial intelligence.
Generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential: Klein–Gordon equation's bound state solution
Authors: Badalov V H , Badalov S V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems. In this paper, the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states. It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states. Considering particular cases, the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings. Furthermore, the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules, namely H2, HCl and O2. The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results. Overall, the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.
Scenario analysis of transportation carbon emissions in China based on machine learning and deep neural network models
Authors: Tang Jianxin , Gong Rizhao , Wang Huilin , Liu Yuxi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coping with the relation between the increase in carbon emissions and energy consumption in the transportation sector is a pressing issue today. Machine learning and deep neural networks were used in this study to explore the influential factors and trends in future transportation carbon emissions. First, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was adopted to screen out the key influencing factors in transportation carbon emissions. Second, the prediction performance of the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, generalized regress neural network, and back propagation (BP) network were compared, and an improved LSTM optimized by the sparrow search algorithm was proposed. Third, LASSO-SSA-LSTM was used to predict the transportation sector’s future carbon emissions trends under different scenarios. The results suggested that transportation carbon emissions in China presented a trend of ‘rapid increase—fluctuating decrease—continuous increase’ from 2010 to 2019. Although the main determinant in curbing the rising rate of carbon emissions effectively is the continuous development of renewable energy technology, the variation in transportation carbon emissions in China under eight scenarios showed significant differences. Generally, systemic changes and innovations are crucial to accommodate China’s future low-carbon and sustainable transportation development.