bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Telluraboranes closo‐TeB5Cl5 and closo‐TeB11Cl11 with Exceptionally Long Body Diagonals: Synthetic and Bonding Motifs for Innovative Octahedral and Icosahedral Geometries
Authors: Keller Willi , Ballmann Joachim , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Hnyk Drahomír 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSix‐vertex closo‐TeB5Cl5 (1) and twelve‐vertex closo‐TeB11Cl11 (2) telluraboranes have been prepared via co‐pyrolysis of B2Cl4 with TeCl4 in vacuo at temperatures between 360 °C and 400 °C. Both compounds are sublimable, off‐white solids, and they have been characterized by one‐ and two‐dimensional 11B NMR and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. Both ab initio/GIAO/NMR and DFT/ZORA/NMR computations support octahedral and icosahedral geometries for 1 and 2, respectively, as expected due to their closo‐electron counts. The octahedral structure of 1 has been confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction on an incommensurately modulated crystal. The corresponding bonding properties have been analyzed in terms of the intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) approach. 1 is the first example of a polyhedral telluraborane with a cluster size smaller than 10 vertices.
Familial Co‐Aggregation of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and Cancer: A Swedish Population‐Based Study
Authors: Che Weng Ian , Baecklund Fredrik , Hellgren Karin , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Westerlind Helga , Holmqvist Marie 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo examine if idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) share familial susceptibility with cancer, we estimated the familial co‐aggregation of these diseases.MethodsThis Swedish population‐based family study with data from national registers included 8,460 first‐degree relatives of patients with IIM and 41,127 relatives of matched individuals without IIM. We modeled the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of familial co‐aggregation of IIM and cancer using conditional logistic regressions and adjusted for sex and birth year of index individuals and their first‐degree relatives. We examined the associations for cancer overall and stratified by several factors of interest. We also performed exploratory analyses for specific cancer types.ResultsWe observed no statistically significant familial associations between IIM and cancer overall. However, there was a familial association in male relative pairs of patients with dermatomyositis (adjusted OR for familial association 1.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.68]). The association remained statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing. Moreover, this finding was consistent between kinships. Familial co‐aggregation of IIM and cancer diagnosed before 50 years of age was only observed in offspring. In exploratory analyses, only the familial associations for myeloid malignancies (adjusted OR 2.27 [95% CI 1.43–3.60]) and liver cancer (adjusted OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.21–3.33]) in male relative pairs remained significant after controlling for multiple testing.ConclusionWe found little evidence of shared familial susceptibility as a major pathologic mechanism contributing to the co‐occurrence of IIM and cancer overall. There could be subsets of patients and cancer types for which familial factors including genetics and shared environments are of more importance, but these findings need replication.
Dynamic output feedback control for wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Dai Xin , Hua Xingxing , Sun Shaoxin , Sun Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the control problem for the wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which has the characteristics of nonlinearity, high order, and associativity. Initially, a dynamic output feedback controller based on the WPT system is designed and analyzed. This controller can effectively enhance the stability of the system with stochastic disturbance. Besides, it does not need the knowledge of the system state in detail and has more adjustable parameters. Further, based on the Lyapunov theorem and stochastic stability theorem, a new stability result of the WPT with DOFC is obtained. In the stability results, all the variables in the system are still preserved after inequality expansion and contraction. Finally, the simulation results expound the effectiveness of the designed control scheme.
The common origin of both oversimplified and overly complex decision rules
Authors: Bonder Taly , Erev Ido , Ludvig Elliot A. , Roth Yefim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany deviations from rational choice imply the neglect of important evidence and suggest the use of simple heuristics. In contrast, other deviations imply sensitivity to irrelevant evidence and suggest the use of overly complex rules. The current analysis takes two steps toward identifying the conditions that trigger these contradictory deviations from efficient reasoning. The first step involves a theoretical analysis. It shows that the contradictory deviations can be captured without assuming the use of rules of different complexity in different settings. Both deviations can be the product of a reliance on small samples of similar past experiences. This reliance on small samples triggers apparent overcomplexity when the optimal rule is simple, but more complex rules yield better outcomes in most cases; the opposite tendency, oversimplification, emerges when the optimal rule is complex, and simple rules yield better outcomes in most cases. The second step involves a preregistered experiment with 325 participants (Mechanical Turk workers). The experiment shows that human decision makers exhibit the pattern predicted by the reliance‐on‐small‐samples assumption. In the experiment, participants chose between the status quo and a risky alternative in a multi‐attribute decision with three binary cues. They used uninformative cues when this strategy was best in most cases yet ignored two informative cues when this strategy was best in most cases. In addition, describing the cues as recommendations given by three experts increased the tendency to follow the modal recommendation (even when reliance on only one of the experts was optimal), but people still behaved as though they relied on a small sample of past experiences.
Characterization of immune cell populations in syngeneic murine tumor models
Authors: Snipstad Sofie , Bremnes Frida , Dehli Haugum Mats , Sulheim Einar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunocompetent murine models are important tools for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapies. Here, six different immunocompetent tumor models based on four different cell lines were characterized, including metastatic lung cancer (CMT 167), triple‐negative breast cancer (4T1), pancreatic cancer (KPCY), and colon cancer (MC38). The tumors were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically before the animals were treated with anti‐PD1 checkpoint inhibitor. A range of innate and adaptive immune cells were then quantified by flow cytometry of single‐cell suspensions from the tumors. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to quantify the density and distribution of T‐cells in frozen sections. A model‐dependent cellular immune landscape was observed, with variable responsiveness toward anti‐PD1, ranging from the most responsive MC38 colon cancer model to the least responsive 4T1 breast cancer model. The study provides an overview of the immune landscape of these tumor models, and a foundation for further elucidation of pro‐tumor and anti‐tumor mechanisms behind heterogeneous responses towards immunotherapies.
Natural conversations with a virtual being: How user experience with a current conversational AI model compares to expectations
Authors: So Chaehan , Khvan Anel , Choi Wonjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work investigates the effect of natural conversations with virtual beings on user perceptions with a current conversational AI model (Meta's BlenderBot). To this aim, we designed a virtual being from a deep learning‐generated face and a conversational AI model acting as a virtual conversation partner in an online conferencing software and evaluated it in 11 perceptions of social attributes. Compared to prior expectations, participants perceived the virtual being as distinctly higher in warmth (engaging, empathic, and approachable) but lower in realism and credibility after 5 days of 10 min daily conversations (Study 1). Further, we explored the idea of simplifying the technical setup to reduce the technical entry barrier for such AI applications (Study 2). To this aim, we conducted several trials of fine‐tuning a small conversational model of 90 million parameters until its performance metrics improved. Testing this fine‐tuned model with users revealed that this model was not perceived differently from a large conversational model (1.4 billion parameters). In summary, our findings show that recent progress in conversational AI has added warmth‐related aspects to the user experience with virtual beings, and that fine‐tuning a conversational AI model can be effective to reduce technical complexity.
Effect of infrared heating on the functional properties of yellow pea and green lentil flours
Authors: Laing Emma , Stone Andrea K. , Shi Dai , Pickard Mark , Wang Ning , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesValue‐added utilization of pulse flours faces challenges related to their functionality in many food applications. The present research assessed the use of infrared heating (120°C vs. 140°C) tempered (20% vs. 30% moisture) green lentil and yellow pea seeds as a means of tailoring their functional properties.FindingsSome flour functionalities were mildly affected by processing and, in most cases, were correlated with protein surface hydrophobicity and damaged starch content. Solubility at pH 5 was relatively unchanged in response to processing, while the values were slightly lowered at pH 7. The water (WHC) and oil holding capacities (OHC) improved, although OHC tended to decline as heating temperatures increased. Both pulses had poor foaming capacities but high foaming stabilities that remained constant after processing. The highest emulsion activity (EA) for pea was with the 120°C and 30% moisture treatment whereas for lentil it was with 120°C and 20% moisture; the emulsion capacity declined after all treatments.ConclusionsSelect conditions of infrared heating coupled with tempering of pulse seeds before milling can modestly improve the flour's EA, WHC, or OHC.Significance and NoveltyYellow pea and green lentil flours from infrared pretreated seeds can now be more easily formulated into applications based on their functional properties.
Establishing a Microfluidic Tumor Slice Culture Platform to Study Drug Response
Authors: Komar Zofia M. , van Gent Dik C. , Chakrabarty Sanjiban 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate models for tumor biology and prediction of drug responses of individual tumors require novel technology to grow tumor tissue ex vivo to maintain tumor growth characteristics in situ. Models containing only tumor cells, without the stromal components of the tumor, are suboptimal for many purposes and are generally problematic because the cells are passed through extensive culture and selection. Therefore, direct culture of (human) tumors is of considerable interest for basic tumor biology and diagnostic purposes. Microfluidic technologies have been proposed to accurately mimic physiological conditions for tissue growth. Most published systems build tissues from individual cell types in so‐called Organ‐on‐Chip (OoC) cultures. We here describe a novel OoC device for growing tumor specimens. Thin tumor slices are grown in a microfluidic ‘chip’ that allows precisely controlled in vitro culture conditions. The performance of the OoC device was extensively validated for predicting therapeutic responses in human breast cancer patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) tumor material. The system is amenable to primary tumor material from surgery or biopsies. In addition to using the model to predict and evaluate therapeutic responses, the model can also be used for mechanistic studies of human cancers, such as clonal evolution or immune responses, or to validate new or repurposed (cancer) drugs. The Bi/ond Cancer‐on‐Chip (CoC) device is designed to culture tumor slices and investigate aspects of tumor growth and drug responses. Here, we describe the step‐by‐step process of setting up tumor slice cultures using a Bi/ond CoC device and performing in vitro drug response evaluation. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of breast cancer tumor slice culture using a microfluidic cancer‐on‐chip platform for chemotherapy testing ex vivoBasic Protocol 2: Histology and immunohistochemistry‐based analysis of tumor tissue architecture, cell proliferation, and cell death
The Role of Nonhuman Primates in Neurotoxicology Research: Preclinical Models and Experimental Methods
Authors: Petroff Rebekah L. , Grant Kimberly S. , Burbacher Thomas M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough noteworthy progress has been made in developing alternatives to animal testing, nonhuman primates still play a critical role in advancing biomedical research and will likely do so for many years. Core similarities between monkeys and humans in genetics, physiology, reproduction, development, and behavior make them excellent models for translational studies relevant to human health. This unit is designed to specifically address the role of nonhuman primates in neurotoxicology research and outlines the specialized assessments that can be used to measure exposure‐related changes at the structural, chemical, cellular, molecular, and functional levels. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Microwave Regeneration and Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Imidazolium Cyanopyrrolide Ionic Liquid for Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lee Yun‐Yang , Cagli Eda , Klemm Aidan , Park Yensil , Dikki Ruth , Kidder Michelle K. , Gurkan Burcu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the oxidative and thermal degradation of CO2sorbents is essential for assessing long‐term sorbent stability in direct air capture (DAC). The potential degradation pathway of imidazolium cyanopyrrolide, an ionic liquid (IL) functionalized for superior CO2capacity and selectivity, is evaluated under accelerated degradation conditions to elucidate the secondary reactions that can occur during repetitive absorption‐desorption thermal‐swing cycles. The combined analysis from various spectroscopic, chromatographic, and thermal gravimetric measurements indicated that radical and SN2 mechanisms in degradation are encouraged by the nucleophilicity of the anion. Thickening of the liquid and gas evolution are accompanied by 50 % reduction in CO2capacity after a 7‐day exposure to O2under 80 °C. To prevent long exposure to conventional thermal heating, microwave (MW) regeneration of the CO2‐reactive IL is used, where dielectric heating at 80 and 100 °C rapidly desorbs CO2and regenerates the IL without any measurable degradation.
Landscape of fear or landscape of food? Moose hunting triggers an antipredator response in brown bears
Authors: Brown Ludovick , Zedrosser Andreas , Arnemo Jon M. , Fuchs Boris , Kindberg Jonas , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHunters can affect the behavior of wildlife by inducing a landscape of fear, selecting individuals with specific traits, or altering resource availability across the landscape. Most research investigating the influence of hunting on wildlife resource selection has focused on target species and less attention has been devoted to nontarget species, such as scavengers that can be both attracted or repelled by hunting activities. We used resource selection functions to identify areas where hunters were most likely to kill moose (Alces alces) in south‐central Sweden during the fall. Then, we used step‐selection functions to determine whether female brown bears (Ursus arctos) selected or avoided these areas and specific resources during the moose hunting season. We found that, during both day and nighttime, female brown bears avoided areas where hunters were more likely to kill moose. We found evidence that resource selection by brown bears varied substantially during the fall and that some behavioral changes were consistent with disturbance associated with moose hunters. Brown bears were more likely to select concealed locations in young (i.e., regenerating) and coniferous forests and areas further away from roads during the moose hunting season. Our results suggest that brown bears react to both spatial and temporal variations in apparent risk during the fall: moose hunters create a landscape of fear and trigger an antipredator response in a large carnivore even if bears are not specifically targeted during the moose hunting season. Such antipredator responses might lead to indirect habitat loss and lower foraging efficiency and the resulting consequences should be considered when planning hunting seasons.
Depression and anxiety in caregivers of patients with functional seizures
Authors: Tsamakis Konstantinos , Teagarden Diane L. , Villarreal Hannah K. , Evans Latasha , Morton Matthew L. , Janocko Nicholas J. , Groover Olivia , Hewitt Kelsey C. , Price Michele E. , Loring David W. , Drane Daniel L. , Karakis Ioannis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveContrary to patients, the psychological impact of functional seizures to caregivers has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the rates and determinants of depression and anxiety in caregivers of patients with functional seizures.MethodsPatients with functional seizures and their caregivers completed surveys about demographic, disease‐related, and psychosocial characteristics. Rates and determinants of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory scores as dependent variables and patient and caregiver characteristics as independent variables.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (76% female, mean age of 37 years) and their caregivers (59% female, mean age of 43 years) were recruited. Symptoms of anxiety and/or depression were present in 96% of patients (96% depression, 92% anxiety) and 59% of caregivers (52% depression, 50% anxiety). Specifically, 31% of caregivers manifested mild depression, 14% moderate depression, and 7% severe depression, whereas 48% were not depressed. Similarly, 14% of caregivers manifested mild anxiety, 29% moderate anxiety, and 7% severe anxiety, whereas 50% were not anxious. Patient and caregiver depression levels strongly correlated (r = .73, p < .0001). The presence of anxiety and depression in the caregiver was associated with male patient gender (p = .02), patient depression level (p = .002), the caregiver being a parent or sibling (p = .02), and caregiver burden (p = .0009).SignificanceCaregivers of patients with functional seizures experience high rates of anxiety and depression, explained by specific demographic and psychosocial factors that could act as intervention targets.
Attitudes, knowledge, and skills towards artificial intelligence among healthcare students: A systematic review
Authors: Mousavi Baigi Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Sarbaz Masoumeh , Ghaddaripouri Kosar , Ghaddaripouri Maryam , Mousavi Atefeh Sadat , Kimiafar Khalil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThis systematic review examined healthcare students' attitudes, knowledge, and skill in Artificial Intelligence (AI).MethodsOn August 3, 2022, studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses recommendations were followed. We included cross‐sectional studies that examined healthcare students' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and perceptions of AI in this review. Using the eligibility requirements as a guide, titles and abstracts were screened. Complete texts were then retrieved and independently reviewed per the eligibility requirements. To collect data, a standardized form was used.ResultsOf the 38 included studies, 29 (76%) of healthcare students had a positive and promising attitude towards AI in the clinical profession and its use in he future; however, in nine of the studies (24%), students considered AI a threat to healthcare fields and had a negative attitude towards it. Furthermore, 26 studies evaluated the knowledge of healthcare students about AI. Among these, 18 studies evaluated the level of student knowledge as low (50%). On the other hand, in six of the studies, students' high knowledge of AI was reported, and two of the studies reported average student general knowledge (almost 50%). Of the six studies, four (67%) of the students had very low skills, so they stated that they had never worked with AI.ConclusionEvidence from this review shows that healthcare students had a positive and promising attitude towards AI in medicine; however, most students had low knowledge and limited skills in working with AI. Face‐to‐face instruction, training manuals, and detailed instructions are therefore crucial for implementing and comprehending how AI technology works and raising students' knowledge of the advantages of AI.
Variable thermal conductivity influence on micropolar nanofluid flow triggered by a stretchable disk with Arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Raza Mohsan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe analysis of magnetized micro–nanoliquid flows generated by the movable disk is executed in this study. The disk is contained under the porous zone influence. The heat generation, heat sink, and temperature‐dependent conductance analysis are reported through the energy equation. The activation energy in terms of a chemical reaction is incorporated through the mass equation. The flow model is normalized through the implementation of similarity transformations. The numerical algorithm Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg is used to solve the reduced system. Results are plotted graphically and in tabular format to investigate the velocity, thermal, and concentration fields. Numeric benchmarks of couple and shear stresses, thermal and concentration rates are also computed. The temperature is augmented against the incremented thermophoretic, variable conductivity, and Brownian movement parameters. The presence of variable conductivity parameter resulted in a weaker rate of heat transportation. The heat transportation rate is boosted with an incremented Prandtl number.
Influencing factors and characterization methods of the anti‐clogging ability of labyrinth channel emitters
Authors: Dong Aihong , Niu Wenquan , Zhang Wenqian , Lv Chang , Wu Menglong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo quantitatively evaluate the anti‐clogging performance of labyrinth channel emitters, literary data were used to study the clogging of different emitters under different conditions. The results showed that the emitter clogging comprehensive evaluation index (Ia) can be used as an inherent property of labyrinth flow channel emitters, denoted as the anti‐clogging ability characterization index, which is affected by flow channel structure parameters and dimensions. The larger Ia is, the more likely it is for the emitter to be clogged and for clogging to be more serious. The emitter anti‐clogging ability is affected by the emitter discharge (Q), flow path length (L), width (W), depth (D), cross‐sectional area (A, which equals W × D), minimum sectional size (min(D, W)), etc. The Ia value with Q, W, D, A and min(D, W) increases first decreases and then increases, and with L increases first increases and then decreasing, and a critical threshold range exists. Ia can be estimated by Q, W, D, A and min(D, W) and can be used as an effective indicator to quickly estimate emitter anti‐clogging ability and emitter configuration in drip irrigation systems. In practical applications, an emitter with x < 0.47 (flow index) should be selected, and an emitter with Ia < 0.45 has a better hydraulic performance and anti‐clogging ability. To obtain a better anti‐clogging ability, Q, W, D, A and min(D, W) should be 1.33–2.13 L/h, 0.71–0.90 mm, 0.55–0.71 mm, 0.33–0.68 mm2 and 0.60–0.75 mm, respectively. When L is 26.47–58.31 mm, the emitter anti‐clogging ability is relatively low.