bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated projection of oral squamous cell carcinoma annual incidence from twenty years registry data: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Rahadiani Nur , Habiburrahman Muhammad , Stephanie Marini , Handjari Diah Rini , Krisnuhoni Ening 
Published: August 2023

Background
The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been well documented in Indonesia. Thus, we aimed to analyze trends and clinicopathological profiles of OSCC cases in Indonesia, focusing on differences between age and sex groups.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia’s main referral hospital, analyzing 1,093 registered OSCC cases from 2001 to 2020. Trend analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the annual percentage change (APC) for overall cases and each case group based on age, sex, and anatomical subsites. APC significance was assessed using a Monte Carlo permutation test. The projection of case numbers for the following 5 years (2021–2025) was estimated using linear/non-linear regression analysis and presented as a mathematical function. The significance of the trend slope was measured using an ANOVA test. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC were analyzed according to age and sex, and their comparative analysis was assessed using Chi-square and its alternatives.

Results
The incidence of OSCC in female patients and in the tongue and buccal mucosa showed a positive trend (APC 2.06%; 3.48%; 8.62%, respectively). Moreover, the incidence of OSCC overall, and in women with OSCC, is projected to increase significantly in the next 5 years following the quadratic model. The mean age of patients was 51.09 ± 14.36 years, with male patients being younger than female patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.15, and 36.5% of these patients were categorized as young (≤45 years old). The tongue was the predominantly affected site. Prominent pathologic characteristics included well-differentiation, keratinization, and grade I of Bryne’s (1992) cellular differentiation stage. Most patients presented with advanced staging, lymphovascular invasion, and uninvaded margins. Tumor sites and staging varied according to age, while age and tumor sites differed between sexes.

Conclusion
The rising incidence trends of OSCC among Indonesian patients, both in the past and projected future, are concerning and warrant attention. Further research into risk factors should be conducted as preventive measures.
Using Fidget Spinners and Stress Balls Do Not Impact College Introductory Psychology Test Scores
Authors: II Terry F. Pettijohn , Riley-Lomedico Victoria 
Published: August 2023

Aim: To determine if the use of fidget spinners and stress balls impact college test scores in Introductory Psychology courses.
Study Design: A between-participants experimental design was used. Students were randomly assigned into conditions.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, USA. Fall semester.
Methodology: 170 college students enrolled in Introductory Psychology courses participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to use a fidget spinner, a stress ball, or sit quietly for 3 minutes before a unit test in their Introductory Psychology course.
Results: Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS. There were no statistically significant differences in test scores between the three groups (P=.28). The fidget spinner group (M=75.82,
SD=13.12), the stress ball group (M=76.41, SD=13.89), and the control group (M=79.33, SD=11.17) scored similarly to each other on the unit test.
Conclusion: Using fidget spinners or stress balls do not impact Introductory Psychology test scores.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Interaction Approach in Learning about Rivers among Grade IX Students in Geography
Authors: Chogay Tenzin , Rigdel Karma Sonam , S. Dorji 
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the effectiveness of the interaction approach (IA) in learning about rivers among the ninth grade students of a middle secondary school in western Bhutan. The study adopted the mixed-method explanatory sequential design. The quantitative data were gathered through a quasi-experiment, involving pre-test and post-test on Geography achievement tests (GAT) for both the control and experimental groups (EG) and survey questionnaires were administered to gather the perception of students from the EG. Additionally, structured interviews were employed to gather qualitative data from an equal representation of genders within the EG.
The GAT scores consisted of two sections viz. the CG (N = 34) and the EG (N = 34). In this study, a targeted sample selection was made with a sample size of 68 students. The analysis of the independent t-test to compare between CG and EG showed a statistically significant difference (P < .001) in post-test for both CG and EG. Similarly, a paired-sample t-test was conducted for comparative analysis. There was a statistically significant difference (P < .001) between the pre-test and post-test results of the CG (P = 0.05) in the students’ learning achievements with the post-test. Likewise, the EG shows a statistically significant difference (P < .001) between the test scores in the pre-test and post-test.
The results of the study confirmed that using the IA improved students’ GAT scores compared to the conventional teaching method. The descriptive analysis of the study also indicated that students have positive perceptions towards the use of IA in learning of river in Geography. In addition, the study also revealed higher perceptions of the themes of self-confidence, motivation and collaboration when using IA, which was further supported by student respondents’ positive perceptions of the benefits of IA. However, when using IA, the large class size pose a challenge as perceived by students. In conclusion, this study recommends Geography teachers to use IA as an intervention approach to stimulate students to learn about rivers effectively. These predictors, however, need further work to validate its reliability.
Liver Organoid Research: Present Situation, limiting Factors and Future Therapeutical Potential in Pediatric Diseases
Authors: Bittmann Stefan , Villalon Gloria , Moschüring-Alieva Elena , BIttmann Lara , Luchter Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

Organoids are three-dimensional, organ-like cell assemblies in which different cell types have organized themselves in a way that is approximately typical for the corresponding organ in the body. They show three characteristics: self-organization, multicellularity and functionality. The range of organs that can be studied with organoids is growing rapidly and includes the brain, intestine, kidney, stomach, pancreas, lung, liver, prostate, esophagus, gallbladder, and the female reproductive tract, among others, and also the embryo. Organoids are grown either from pluripotent stem cells or from tissue-specific adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are present in a large number of tissues and are responsible for renewing the cells in these tissues. They can only give rise to the cell types that are present in the particular tissue, the stem cell of the intestinal epithelium only produces cells of the intestinal epithelium, but not muscle cells or nerve cells. They are thus multipotent. Today, it is possible to reconstruct organ-like tissue organoids in the laboratory. Stem cells are thereby induced to differentiate by molecular signals and grown in culture systems that promote their three-dimensional self-organization. Rapidly developing organoid technology makes it possible to phenotypically copy cell structure. To some extent, this is also true for the functions of various human organs (for example, brain, thyroid, thymus, intestine, liver, pancreas, stomach, lung, kidney) and even early-stage embryos. As near-physiological 3D culture systems, organoids open up new possibilities to study the development of healthy and diseased organs and offer great potential for translational research.
Aims and Objectives: This manuscript concentrates on liver organoid research and its future role in different pediatric diseases.
Detection of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Klebsiella Species
Authors: Gaonkar Shradha R. , Sagar Alka , Kamat Shailesh , Naik Rajeshwar 
Published: August 2023

Klebsiella species is a common cause of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and more antibiotic resistance patterns seen in this species. The purpose of this study was to identify the antibiotic resistance such as ESBL producer,carbapenem- resistant K.pneumoniae (CRKP) and study (Antibiogram) of Klebsiella species isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in south Goa, India. The Klebsiella species was isolated from the hospital admitted patient process at Royal Hospital South Goa from April 2022 to Dec 2022. Identification of Klebsiella species isolate was done by analyzing microscopic examination, colony morphology, performing biochemical testing and also process on Vitek 2 compact system for confirming species identification and their susceptibility. A total of 213 (21.82 %) Klebsiella species isolates were isolated from 976 total clinical bacterial isolates during the study. In this study two different species of Klebsiella were studied such as Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.59%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1.22%) . Most of them were collected from patients aged more than 45 years old. Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained from respiratory specimens (38.49%). Among all (90%) isolates showed sensitivity to Meropenem, Amikacin, Piperacillin/tazobactam (80%) isolates showed sensitivity to Cefoperazone/sulbactam (60%) isolates showed sensitivity to Levofloxacin, (100%) isolates showed sensitivity to Tigecycline. Most common Klebsiella species present in hospital acquired infection is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates demonstrated resistance to a wide range of antibiotics.
Effect of Different Rates and Times of Nitrogen Application on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) Under South Gujarat Condition
Authors: Gamit M. K. , Bavalgave V. G. , Shiyal V. N. , Vaja R. P. 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season in 2017-18 to study the effect of different rates and times of nitrogen application on growth, yield attributes and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) under south Gujarat conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The factors consisted of four nitrogen levels i.e., 90 kg ha-1 (N1), 120 kg ha-1 (N2), 150 kg ha-1 (N3) and 180 kg ha-1 (N4) and four treatments of split application i.e., ½ basal + ½ at knee height (T1), ½ basal + ¼ knee height + ¼ tasseling (T2), 1 /3 basal + 1 /3 knee height + 1 /3tasseling (T3), ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling (T4). The results revealed that increasing the nitrogen level from 90 (N1) to 180 (N4) kg ha-1 significantly increased the growth attributes viz, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, yield attributes viz, number of grains per cob, weight of grains per cob, weight of cob per plant, green cob and fodder yield. Significantly higher green cob (132.94 q ha-1) and fodder yield (307.29 q ha-1) with net return (Rs.258239 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio of 4.74 was obtained with 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen application. Application of nitrogen in three splits i.e., at ¼ basal + ½ at knee height + ¼ tasseling (T4) recorded significantly higher growth characters viz, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, yield attributes viz, number of grains per cob, weight of grains per cob, weight of cob per plant, green cob (126.99 q ha-1) and fodder yield (293.14 q ha-1) with net return (Rs.242739 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio of 4.47.
Pupillary dynamics predict long‐term outcome in a cohort of acute traumatic brain injury coma patients
Authors: Monai Elena , Favaretto Chiara , Salvalaggio Anna , Pini Lorenzo , Munari Marina , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveExamining the size and reactivity of the pupils of traumatic brain injury coma patients is fundamental in the Neuro‐intensive care unit (ICU). Pupil parameters on admission predict long‐term clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the dynamics of pupillary parameters and their potential value for outcome prediction.MethodsThis study applied a time‐course analysis of pupillary signals (size and photo‐reactivity) in acute traumatic brain injury coma patients (n = 20) to predict outcome at 6 months.ResultsThe time course of pupillary signals was informative in discriminating favorable (F) versus unfavorable (U) outcomes, with the highest correlation within the 1st week notwithstanding pharmacological sedation. Patients with favorable outcome at 6 months showed more consistent in time isochoric and photo‐reactive pupils. In contrast, patients with an unfavorable outcome showed more variable measures that tended to stabilize toward pathological values.InterpretationTime‐dependent tracking of pupils' size and reactivity is a promising application for ICU monitoring and long‐term prognosis. These findings support the usefulness of automatic tools for the dynamic, quantitative, and objective measurements of pupils.
Longitudinal changes of SARA scale in Friedreich ataxia: Strong influence of baseline score and age at onset
Authors: Porcu Luca , Fichera Mario , Nanetti Lorenzo , Rulli Eliana , Giunti Paola , Parkinson Michael H. , Durr Alexandra , Ewenczyk Claire , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Indelicato Elisabetta , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , Rodríguez de Rivera Francisco Javier , Schöls Ludger , Fleszar Zofia , Giordano Ilaria , Didszun Claire , Castaldo Anna , Rai Myriam , Klockgether Thomas , Pandolfo Massimo , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin , Mariotti Caterina ,   for the EFACTS Study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is widely used in different types of ataxias and has been chosen as the primary outcome measure in the European natural history study for Friedreich ataxia (FA).MethodsTo assess distribution and longitudinal changes of SARA scores and its single items, we analyzed SARA scores of 502 patients with typical‐onset FA (<25 years) participating in the 4‐year prospective European FA Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS). Pattern of disease progression was determined using linear mixed‐effects regression models. The chosen statistical model was re‐fitted in order to estimate parameters and predict disease progression. Median time‐to‐change and rate of score progression were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and weighted linear regression models, respectively.ResultsSARA score at study enrollment and age at onset were the major predictive factors of total score progression during the 4‐year follow‐up. To a less extent, age at evaluation also influenced the speed of SARA progression, while disease duration did not improve the prediction of the statistical model. Temporal dynamics of total SARA and items showed a great variability in the speed of score increase during disease progression. Gait item had the highest annual progression rate, with median time for one‐point score increase of 1 to 2 years.InterpretationAnalyses of statistical properties of SARA suggest a variable sensitivity of the scale at different disease stages, and provide important information for population selection and result interpretation in future clinical trials.
Gate‐Last MoS2 Transistors for Active‐Matrix Display Driving Circuits
Authors: Peng Yalin , Li Lu , Huang Biying , Tian Jinpeng , Li Xiuzhen , Tang Jian , Chu Yanbang , Shi Dongxia , Du Luojun , Li Na , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvancements in display technology have primarily focused on discovering new materials to develop thin‐film transistors (TFTs) that complement mainstream technologies. The emerging 2D semiconductors are one of the most promising candidates due to their ultra‐thin thickness, exceptional electrical qualities, and large‐scale availability. However, these atomically thin materials are delicate and typically prepared through standard gate‐first fabrication processes, necessitating their transfer onto specific substrates. In this study, a demonstration of an in situ gate‐last process for 2D semiconductor‐based TFTs technology is presented. This approach bypasses the yield‐limiting transfer process, enabling large‐scale display applications. The as‐fabricated MoS2 TFTs retains their intrinsic properties with a current density reaching ≈≈10 µA µm−1. Additionally, it is successfully showcased that the two transistor‐one capacitor active‐matrix display driving circuits with a high pixel yield. The patterned matrix exhibits no crosstalk and can be driven by either the pulse amplitude modulation or pulse width modulation scheme, offering flexible applications.
2D MXenes as a Promising Candidate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: State of the Art, Recent Trends, and Future Prospects
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , M. B. Bhavya , Manasa G. , Samal Akshaya K. , Rout Chandra Sekhar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSurface‐enhanced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive and label‐free detection of chemical species, with numerous applications in various fields. Recently, 2D MXenes, have evoked substantial intrigue as promising substrates for SERS. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the developments in the Raman effect and the mechanisms involved in SERS is highly crucial. The review reflects the advances, working principle, and dual mechanisms, including SERS's electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms. Noble metal nanostructures are highly prioritized as SERS substrates owing to their excellent sensitivity. However, due to certain disadvantages that they pose, metal‐free SERS substrates with exceptional tunable properties are extensively researched in the current days. The combination of 2D MXenes and nanostructures can be effective in producing enhanced SERS signals. SERS performance of different MXene‐based materials is emphasized. The performance of this combination is credited to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio, good electrical conductivity, and surface‐terminated functionalities. The recent advancements in MXenes and MXenes‐based heterostructures driven SERS sensing concerning the structural design of the material, its performance, and the mechanisms are studied. Finally, a detailed conclusion is provided with the challenges and future perspectives for designing 2D materials for efficient SERS sensors.
Multiscale Structural Nanocellulosic Triboelectric Aerogels Induced by Hofmeister Effect
Authors: Luo Bin , Cai Chenchen , Liu Tao , Meng Xiangjiang , Zhuang Xinli , Liu Yanhua , Gao Cong , Chi Mingchao , Zhang Song , Wang Jinlong , Bai Yayu , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe advent of self‐powered wearable electronics will revolutionize the fields of smart healthcare and sports monitoring. This technological advancement necessitates more stringent design requirements for triboelectric materials. The triboelectric aerogels must enhance their mechanical properties to address the issue of structural collapse in real‐world applications. This study fabricates stiff nanocellulosic triboelectric aerogels with multiscale structures induced by the Hofmeister effect. The aggregation and crystallization of polymer molecular chains are enhanced by the Hofmeister effect, while ice crystal growth imparts a porous structure to the aerogel at the micron scale. Therefore, the triboelectric aerogel exhibits exceptional stiffness, boasting a Young's modulus of up to 142.9 MPa and a specific modulus of up to 340.6 kN m kg–1, while remaining undeformed even after supporting 6600 times its weight. Even after withstanding an impact of 343 kPa, highly robust wearable self‐powered sensors fabricated with triboelectric aerogels remain operational. Additionally, the self‐powered sensor is capable of accurately detecting human movements, particularly in abnormal fall postures detection. This study provides considerable research and practical value for promoting material design and broadening application scenarios for self‐powered wearable electronics.
Ion‐Mediated Recombination Dynamics in Perovskite‐Based Memory Light‐Emitting Diodes for Neuromorphic Control Systems
Authors: Yantara Natalia , Ng Si En , Sharma Divyam , Zhou Biyan , Sun Pao‐Sheng Vincent , Chua Huei Min , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic devices can help perform memory‐heavy tasks more efficiently due to the co‐localization of memory and computing. In biological systems, fast dynamics are necessary for rapid communication, while slow dynamics aid in the amplification of signals over noise and regulatory processes such as adaptation‐ such dual dynamics are key for neuromorphic control systems. Halide perovskites exhibit much more complex phenomena than conventional semiconductors due to their coupled ionic, electronic, and optical properties which result in modulatable drift, diffusion of ions, carriers, and radiative recombination dynamics. This is exploited to engineer a dual‐emitter tandem device with the requisite dual slow‐fast dynamics. Here, a perovskite‐organic tandem light‐emitting diode (LED) capable of modulating its emission spectrum and intensity owing to the ion‐mediated recombination zone modulation between the green‐emitting quasi‐2D perovskite layer and the red‐emitting organic layer is introduced. Frequency‐dependent response and high dynamic range memory of emission intensity and spectra in a LED are demonstrated. Utilizing the emissive read‐out, image contrast enhancement as a neuromorphic pre‐processing step to improve pattern recognition capabilities is illustrated. As proof of concept using the device's slow‐fast dynamics, an inhibition of the return mechanism is physically emulated.
Outer Membrane Vesicle‐Based Nanohybrids Target Tumor‐Associated Macrophages to Enhance Trained Immunity‐Related Vaccine‐Generated Antitumor Activity
Authors: Liang Jie , Zhu Fei , Cheng Keman , Ma Nana , Ma Xiaotu , Feng Qingqing , Xu Chen , Gao Xiaoyu , Wang Xinwei , Shi Jian , Zhao Xiao , Nie Guangjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrained immunity refers to the innate immune system building memory‐like features in response to subsequent infections and vaccinations. Compared with classical tumor vaccines, trained immunity‐related vaccines (TIrV) are independent of tumor‐specific antigens. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain an abundance of PAMPs and have the potential to act as TIrV‐inducer, but face challenges in endotoxin tolerance, systemic delivery, long‐term training, and trained tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM)‐mediated antitumor phagocytosis. Here, an OMV‐based TIrV is developed, OMV nanohybrids (OMV‐SIRPα@CaP/GM‐CSF) for exerting vaccine‐enhanced antitumor activity. In the bone marrow, GM‐CSF‐assisted OMVs train bone marrow progenitor cells and monocytes, which are inherited by TAMs. In tumor tissues, SIRPα‐Fc‐assisted OMVs trigger TAM‐mediated phagocytosis. This TIrV can be identified by metabolic and epigenetic rewiring using transposase‐accessible chromatin (ATAC) and transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, it is found that the TIrV‐mediated antitumor mechanism in the MC38 tumor model (TAM‐hot and T cell‐cold) is trained immunity and activated T cell response, whereas in the B16‐F10 tumor model (T cell‐hot and TAM‐cold) is primarily mediated by trained immunity. This study not only develops and identifies OMV‐based TIrV, but also investigates the trained immunity signatures and therapeutic mechanisms, providing a basis for further vaccination strategies.