bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supermicrosurgery with perforator‐to‐perforator anastomoses for lower limb reconstructions – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Firmani Guido , Patanè Luca , Turriziani Gianmarco , Di Rocco Arianna , Vestri Annarita , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSupermicrosurgical flaps based on perforator‐to‐perforator microanastomoses have been described for lower limb reconstruction. This approach offers the benefit of raising short pedicles while sparing axial vessels, which effectively enables complex reconstructive techniques in comorbid patients at high risk of reconstructive failure. The aim of our study is to assess the surgical outcomes of perforator‐to‐perforator based flaps in comparison to conventional free flaps for reconstructions of the lower limb district, through a systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis.MethodsA search on PubMed, Embase, Cohrane, and Web of Science was performed between March–July 2022. No restrictions were placed on study date. Only English manuscripts were assessed. Reviews, short communications, letters, correspondence were excluded after reviewing their references for potentially relevant studies. A Bayesian approach was used to conduct the meta‐analysis comparing flap‐related outcomes.ResultsFrom 483 starting citations, 16 manuscripts were included for full‐text analysis in the review, and three were included in the meta‐analysis. Out of 1556 patients, 1047 received a perforator‐to‐perforator flap. Complications were reported in 119 flaps (11.4%), which included total flap failure in 71 cases (6.8%), partial flap failure in 47 cases (4.5%). Overall flap complications had a HR of 1.41 (0.94–2.11; 95% C.I.). Supermicrosurgical and conventional microsurgical reconstructions were not associated with statistically significant differences (p = .89).ConclusionOur evidence supports the safety of surgical outcomes, with acceptable flap complication rates. Nevertheless, these findings are limited by poor overall quality which must be addressed and used to encourage higher‐level evidence in the field.
Persistence of overactive bladder pharmacological treatment in women as reflected from large‐scale real‐world data of prescription claims: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karin Lifshitz , Igor Mintz , Chen Shenhar , Yariv Stabholtz , Grotz Osnat , Jack Baniel , Ofer Yossepowitch , Shachar Aharony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesMedical treatments for overactive bladder (OAB) have proven efficacy in controlled trials. However, 1‐year treatment persistence is reported to be as low as 25% for anticholinergics and 40% for β3 agonists. Real‐world data on treatment continuation and treatment sequence is limited. Therefore, we aimed to study treatment persistence trends in women initiated on OAB medications.Materials and MethodsWe used advanced data‐mining techniques to query the largest regional provider's medication purchase database, dispensing for patients, for all women initiating OAB pharmacotherapy between 2010 and 2020. Treatment persistence was measured as days in which the patient was in possession of medication and nonpersistence was defined as prescription nonrefilling for 90 days. We employed a Sankey diagram to explore trends in OAB medication acquisition and treatment sequence. We compared treatment persistence using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and pairwise log‐rank analysis.ResultsHere, 46 079 women made 791 681 unique claims of OAB medications. Only 39% of the patients tried more than one OAB formulation, including dose change. The overall persistence rate for all drugs was 55% in 30 days, 46% in 90 days, and 37% per year. The persistence rate for Mirabegron at 30 days was 54%, 42% at 90 days, and 17% at 1 year. Overall, persistence rates were unchanged when stratifying by the time Mirabegron insurance acceptance into coverage (p > 0.05).ConclusionsReal‐world OAB pharmacotherapy persistence rates are lower than previously reported. The introduction of Mirabegron did not seem to improve these rates or affect the treatment sequence.
Using the discriminant in a numerically stable symmetric 3 × 3 direct eigenvalue solver
Authors: Harari Isaac , Albocher Uri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnalytical methods for solving eigenvalue problems involving real symmetric matrices are computationally efficient compared to iterative approaches, but not numerically robust when two of the eigenvalues coalesce. Analysis of the associated characteristic polynomial reveals an alternative form for the definition of the discriminant in terms of a sum of squares which is not susceptible to the numerical difficulties of conventional methods. Expressions for the angle used in the definition of the eigenvalues are derived in terms of simple combinations of the matrix invariants and the discriminant. The proposed method improves over previously proposed robust analytical schemes and is comparable in speed with the standard analytical method, making it a viable alternative.
Effects of caregiver‐child acculturation on child obesity among US Latino individuals
Authors: Ravanbakht Sophie N. , Skinner Asheley C. , Armstrong Sarah , Weinberger Morris , Hassmiller‐Lich Kristen , Frerichs Leah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to assess the association of Latino caregiver‐child nativity status (US‐ and foreign‐born) with child obesity using a nationally representative sample.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2018), this study used generalized linear models to identify associations between caregiver‐child nativity status (as a proxy for acculturation) and children's BMI.ResultsCompared with foreign‐born caregiver‐child dyads, US‐born caregiver‐child dyads had 2.35 times the risk of class 2 obesity (95% CI: 1.59–3.47) and 3.60 times the risk of class 3 obesity (95% CI: 1.86–6.96). Foreign‐born caregiver and US‐born child dyads had 2.01 times the risk of class 2 obesity (95% CI: 1.42–2.84) and 2.47 times the risk of class 3 obesity (95% CI: 1.38–4.44; p < 0.05 for class 2 and class 3).ConclusionsCompared with foreign‐born Latino caregiver‐child dyads, dyads with US‐born caregivers and children and dyads with foreign‐born caregivers and US‐born children had significantly increased risk across the severe classes of obesity. Examining the influence and relationship of varying acculturation levels in an immigrant household will help guide more effective clinical and policy guidelines surrounding obesity and weight management in both pediatric and adult US Latino populations.
The numerical treatment of fractal‐fractional 2D optimal control problems by Müntz–Legendre polynomials
Authors: Rahimkhani Parisa , Ordokhani Yadollah , Sedaghat Salameh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a method based on the Müntz–Legendre polynomials (M‐LPs) for solving fractal‐fractional 2D optimal control problems that the fractal‐fractional derivative is described in Atangana‐Riemann‐Liouville's sense. First, we obtain operational matrices of fractal‐fractional‐order derivative, integer‐order integration, and derivative of the M‐LPs. Second, the under study problem is converted into an equivalent variational problem. Then, by applying the M‐LPs, their operational matrices and Gauss–Legendre integration, the mentioned problem is converted to a system of algebraic equations. Finally, this system is solved by Newton's iterative method. Also, we introduce an error bound for the described method. Two examples are included to test the applicability and validity of the present scheme.
Hybridization effect of silane treated basalt fiber on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polypropylene/bamboo composite
Authors: Hemlata  
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of present work summarizes the synergistic effect of basalt fiber on mechanical, thermal and morphological behavior of PP/bamboo composite. The basalt fibers were varied at four different levels 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% which replaces the bamboo fiber at 40 wt% while keeping both the fibers content constant at 40 wt%. PP/bamboo composite and PP/bamboo/basalt hybrid composites were fabricated through melt compounding of PP (polypropylene), PP‐g‐MA (grafted maleic anhydride polypropylene), alkaline treated bamboo fiber and silane treated basalt fiber, followed by injection molding. The addition of silanized basalt fiber in PP/bamboo composite linearly increased the tensile and flexural related properties while the impact strength decreased with the increase in basalt fiber. Theoretical modeling for tensile strength and modulus indicate the positive hybrid effect of basalt fiber. Results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the crystallinity of the neat PP increased with the incorporation of both the bamboo and basalt fiber. The Thermal degradation results showed that the PP/bamboo composite degraded earlier while the hybrid composite at 5 wt% basalt fiber showed highest thermal stability as compared to neat PP. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results exhibited that the viscoelastic properties enhanced with the addition of bamboo and basalt fiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs on the tensile fractured surface revealed random orientation and wetting of basalt and bamboo fibers in PP matrix.
Experimental study on the mechanical properties of three‐dimensional braided composite circular tubes with preembedded licker‐in
Authors: Luo Haibo , Wang Qian , Yang Yanchu , He Xiaohui , Feng Hui , Nie Ying , Li Tao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the tensile and compression properties of three‐dimensional five‐direction (3D5D) braided composite circular tubes with preembedded titanium alloy licker‐ins. The influence of the braided angle, braided thickness, and braided configuration on the bearing capacity is analyzed, and the microdamage morphology and failure mechanism of the tube structure are examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the 3D5D braided tube has a larger tensile failure load than the 3D full five‐direction braided tube of the same outer diameter. In circular tubes of the same braided configuration and outer diameter, the compression failure load increases with the wall thickness, and the C‐ø30t3 circular tube achieves the maximum compression failure load. The damage morphology is characterized by the pulling‐off failure of the licker‐in joint. The T‐ø30t2.5 and T‐ø25t3 circular tubes achieve a large failure load, with an average tensile load of over 120 kN. The failure morphology is characterized by the cracking of the fiber at the end of the tube after the licker‐in joint has been pulled off. The average tensile failure load of the T‐ø30t3 circular tubes is over 105 kN, and the failure morphology reveals a broken licker‐in joint, indicating design deficiencies that require further optimization. The findings of this paper can provide an important scientific basis for the lightweight and high‐strength connection design for 3D braided composites in near‐space aerostats and their flight applications.
Decision and timing of safety‐related labeling changes for new drugs in Japan: Comparison with the United States and the European Union
Authors: Fukuda Koichi , Narukawa Mamoru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare safety‐related labeling changes for newly approved drugs in Japan with those in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), where guidance on the details of pharmacovigilance (PV) process has been published, to examine the extent to which the Japanese PV process is working.MethodsSafety‐related labeling changes for new drugs approved within 1 year in Japan, the US, and the EU were reviewed for the number, timing, and concordance of contents of the labeling change between countries/region.ResultsThe number of labeling changes and median time from approval to the change (min, max) were 57 cases and 814 (90, 2454) days in Japan, 63 cases and 852 (161, 3051) days in the US, and 50 cases and 851 (157, 2699) days in the EU. Distribution of the revision date of the concordant labeling change in the three countries/region and distribution of differences in revision date between the two countries/region showed no trend of delayed labeling change in a specific country/region. Concordance rate of the labeling change was 36.1% (30/83) in US‐EU, 21.2% (21/99) in Japan‐US, and 23.0% (20/87) in Japan‐EU (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0313 [Japan‐US vs. US‐EU], p = 0.066 [Japan‐EU vs. US‐EU]).ConclusionsThere was no trend of fewer or later labeling changes in Japan compared to those in the US/EU. While the concordance rate in US‐EU was low, that in Japan‐US and Japan‐EU were even lower. Further investigation is needed to understand the reasons for these differences.
RETRACTED: Carbon nanotube‐based polymer nanocomposites: Evaluation of barrier, hydrophobic, and mechanical properties for aerospace applications
Authors: Xavier Joseph Raj , Sadagopan Pandian Vinodhini 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe anticorrosive and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy resin (EP) coatings have been improved by the integration of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) for surface modification based on CNTs. SEM/EDX, TEM, TGA/XRD, XPS, and XRD techniques were used to characterize the composites for the various formulations, including APTMS/CNTs, CNTs/MoS2, and APTMS/CNTs‐MoS2. By including APTMS/CNTs‐MoS2 composite, the EP coating exhibits improved anticorrosive and mechanical performance, as demonstrated by electrochemical methods and mechanical testing. Superior hydrophobic property of EP‐APTMS/CNTs‐MoS2 is confirmed by its WCA of 167°. Additionally, it was discovered that the EP‐APTMS/CNTs‐MoS2 had a resistance that was significantly larger (17,421 kΩ.cm2) than the plain epoxy (102 kΩ.cm2), and its hardness (1695 MPa), adhesion (19.7 MPa), and tensile (237 MPa) properties all are improved significantly. Therefore, the newly developed EP‐APTMS/CNTs‐MoS2 could act as the vital material for coating AA7475 aluminum alloy used in aerospace applications.
Nachhaltiger fliegen
Authors: Niesen Björn , Jansohn Peter , Roth Jörg 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungLuftfahrt ist besonders klimaschädlich, hat aber das Emissionsziel netto Null bis 2050. Die Einführung neuer Antriebe ist eine technische Herausforderung. Doch die bestehende Flugzeugflotte ließe sich durch synthetisch hergestelltes Kerosin nachhaltiger machen. Dieses Drop‐in‐Kerosin lässt sich aus verschiedenen Ausgangsstoffen über unterschiedliche Synthesepfade herstellen. Im Kern drehen sie sich meist um das Fischer‐Tropsch‐Verfahren, um längerkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe herzustellen. Am Weitesten ist dies für trockene und feuchte Biomasse entwickelt, die nachhaltig allerdings nur begrenzt vorhanden ist. Eine Alternative bieten elektrochemische Verfahren, die Wasser oder CO2 aufspalten, woraus dann e‐Kerosin hergestellt werden kann. Solche Verfahren befinden sich noch im Stadium der Demonstrations‐ und Pilotprojekte. Vor allem die Herstellungskosten müssen noch drastisch gesenkt werden, um mit fossilem Kerosin konkurrieren zu können.
Elektronen auf den Punkt gebracht
Authors: Volk Christian , Banszerus Luca , Stampfer Christoph 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungNachdem erstmals ein Einzelelektronen‐Quantenpunkt in zweilagigem Graphen gezeigt wurde, folgten in kurzer Zeit wegweisende Experimente. Dazu zählen die Untersuchung des Ein‐ und Zweiteilchenspektrums, der Elektronen‐Loch‐Übergang, die kontrollierbare Kopplung von Quantenpunkten, Ladungsdetektion, Pauli‐Blockade und die hier gezeigten Messungen der Spin‐Relaxationszeit. Diese Experimente tragen wesentlich zum Verständnis der elektronischen Zustände in Graphen‐Quantenpunkten bei. Sie sind wichtige Meilensteine auf dem Weg zur Realisierung eines graphenbasierten Qubits. Die gemessenen Spin‐Relaxationszeiten sind bereits hinreichend lang und Mechanismen zur Spin‐Detektion sind vorhanden. Damit lassen sich Spin‐Qubits angehen.
Rasantes Rollenspiel
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungObwohl beim Laufen die Krafteinwirkung nach vorne gerichtet ist und beim Skaten seitwärts, erzielt letzteres eine größere Endgeschwindigkeit. Das hat mehrere Gründe. Erstens muss der Fuß beim Laufen während des Bodenkontakts immer ruhen, während ein Skate rollt. Zweitens kann die Seitwärtsbewegung beim Rollen länger sein als die Abstoßphase des Fußes beim Laufen. Drittens erlaubt das Skaten einen langsamen Bewegungsablauf, was der Kraftentfaltung im Muskel entgegenkommt. Viertens entfällt das bremsende Trägheitsmoment des im Knie rotierenden Unterschenkels beim Laufen. Die Double‐Push‐Technik verlängert zudem die Abstoßungsphase, was das Skaten noch schneller macht. Sie wurde auch auf Langlaufski übertragen.
Efficacy of mind‐body therapies for sleep disturbance in patients with early‐stage cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Jing , Shi Ming , Bi Liu‐Na , Wang Lin‐lin , Cai Yan‐xiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of different mind‐body therapies (MBTs) for sleep disturbance in patients with early‐stage cancer.MethodsRandomised controlled trials that included patients (aged ≥18 years) with early stage cancer who underwent MBTs (mindfulness, hypnosis, relaxation, yoga, and qigong) were searched in the CINAHL via the EBSCO Host, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases, from the date of database inception to October 2022. The outcomes were subjective sleep disturbance and objective sleep efficiency. Network meta‐analysis (NMA) and comparative effects ranking were performed using STATA (v14.0; STATACorp, College Station, TX, USA).ResultsForty‐seven studies investigating five MBTs were included in the NMA. For cancer patients receiving active treatment, mindfulness demonstrated the largest effect size in reducing subjective sleep disturbance (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 0.85; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.20–1.50; Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessment: moderate), and had the highest cumulative probability compared to usual care or waitlist. For cancer patients who had completed active treatment, qigong demonstrated the largest effect size in reducing subjective sleep disturbance (SMD: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.35–1.63; GRADE: low), followed by hypnosis (SMD: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.32–1.42; GRADE: moderate), and mindfulness (SMD: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24–0.59; GRADE: moderate). Qigong also demonstrated the largest effect size in improving objective sleep efficiency (weighted mean differences: 10.76; 95% CI: 2.01–19.50; GRADE: low); however, the effect of qigong was tested in only one study in this NMA. Among the eight different treatment conditions, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) showed the highest cumulative probability (surface under the cumulative ranking curve: 96.3%) in reducing subjective sleep disturbance and the second highest cumulative probability (SUCRA: 83.3%) in improving objective sleep efficiency.ConclusionThere is no evidence supporting the use of MBTs to replace or be comparable to CBT. Mindfulness can be recommended as an optional treatment for reducing sleep disturbance in patients with early‐stage cancer. Some support was observed for qigong and hypnosis in reducing sleep disturbances in patients with early‐stage cancer who had completed active treatment. More rigorous trials are warranted to confirm whether different forms of MBTs have different effects on sleep in patients with cancer.
PSMA PET‐based stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive first‐line therapy
Authors: Gruen Arne , Tegel Katharina , Kluge Anne , Budach Volker , Zips Daniel , Boehmer Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET–computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow the detection and localization of exclusively local prostate‐cancer‐recurrences after definitive first‐line therapy. PSMA‐based early detection of circumscribed local recurrences followed by hypofractionated high‐precision stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) might yield long‐term disease control at moderate rates of adverse effects.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 35 patients treated for locally recurrent prostate cancer between November 2012 and December 2021 with PSMA PET‐ and MRI‐based robotic SBRT.ResultsThirty‐five patients treated with local prostate cancer recurrence post surgery, post surgery, and adjuvant/salvage radiotherapy (RT) and after definitive RT. All but one patients had fractionated SBRT in 3–5 fractions. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 52.2 months for all patients and 52.2 months in the radical prostatectomy (RPE) group, 31.2 months in the RPE + RT group and not reached in the RT group. The most common event was increased urinary frequency grade 1–2. 54.3% of all patients had no acute and 79.4% no late toxicity during follow‐up.DiscussionOur PFS of 52.2 months (RPE), 31.2 months (RPE + RT) and not reached (RT) compares favorably with published data. This method constitutes a valid alternative to morbidity‐prone invasive approaches or palliative systemic therapy.
Thirty years of slug control using the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and beyond
Authors: Rae Robbie , Sheehy Laura , McDonald‐Howard Kerry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral slug species are highly pestiferous and threaten global sustainable agriculture. Current control methods rely heavily on metaldehyde pellets, which are often ineffective, harm nontarget organisms and have been banned in some countries. A viable alternative is the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (and recently P. californica), which has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug®) to control slugs across northern Europe. Nematodes are mixed with water and applied to soil where they seek out slugs, penetrate behind the mantle and kill them in 4–21 days. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been on the market since 1994 and since then there has been ample research on its use. Here we review the research carried out on P. hermaphrodita over the last 30 years since its development and release as a commercial product. We provide information on life cycle, worldwide distribution, history of commercialisation, gastropod immunity, host range, ecological and environmental factors that affect its success in the field, bacterial relationships, and summarise results of field trials. Finally, we suggest future directions for P. hermaphrodita research (and other Phasmarhabditis species) to enhance its use as a biological control agent to control slugs for the next 30 years. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Surgery of the alimentary tract for benign and malignant disease with the novel robotic platform HUGOTM RAS. A first world report of safety and feasibility
Authors: Gangemi Antonio , Bernante Paolo , Rottoli Matteo , Pasquali Federica , Poggioli Gilberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionAs robotic surgery increases its reach, novel platforms are being released. We present the first 17 consecutive cases of alimentary tract surgery performed with the HugoTM RAS (Medtronic).Methodspatients were selected to undergo surgery from February through April 2023. Exclusion criteria were age <16 years, BMI>60, ASA IV.Results17 patients underwent ileocaecal resection for Chrons disease (2 M and 1 F) and pseudo‐obstruction of the terminal ileum (1 M), cholecystectomy (3 M and 5 F), subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (1 F), sleeve gastrectomy (1 F), hiatal hernia repair with Nissen fundoplication (1 M), right hemicolectomy (1 M) and sigmoidectomy (1 M). No conversion to an open approach or any arm collisions requiring corrective actions were reported.ConclusionsOur preliminary experience with the HugoTM RAS point to safety and feasibility for a rather wide spectrum of surgical procedures of the alimentary tract.