bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 33,000-year paleohydrological record from Sanamere Lagoon, north-eastern tropical savannas of Australia
Authors: Rivera-Araya Maria , Rowe Cassandra , Ulm Sean , Bird Michael I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere are very few records of past terrestrial environmental change of any time period for the Australian tropical savannas. Here we document the hydrological development of Sanamere Lagoon, north Queensland, from a 1.72 m sediment sequence with a basal age of ca. 33 ka. We measure a variety of proxies reflecting environmental change within and around the lagoon, including grain size, elemental and diatom abundance, and carbon and nitrogen isotope composition. By integrating the interpretation of multiple proxies, we show that regional climatic events, such as the reactivation of the monsoon at 15 ka and sea-level rise ending at 7 ka, are reflected in local ecosystem change and a diversity of biogeochemical responses in Sanamere Lagoon. This record makes a significant contribution to the development of records of environmental change from an under-studied region in tropical Australia through the Holocene to the LGM and beyond—a step towards enabling a more detailed understanding of regional monsoon (paleo)dynamics. In particular, this study highlights nuances in the effect of Indonesian-Australian Summer monsoon dynamics in a region less affected by sea level and continental shelf drowning complexities.
Are Stealth Democrats Really Committed to Democracy? Process Preferences Revisited
Authors: Bloeser Andrew J. , Williams Tarah , Crawford Candaisy , Harward Brian M. 
Published: December 2022

Scholarship on “stealth democracy” finds that many citizens want to avoid the debate and conflict that often come with democratic governance. This scholarship has argued that citizens adopt this posture because they are uncomfortable with disagreement and desire a more expedient political process that enables leaders to make decisions without discussion or compromise. We revisit this argument in light of recent political developments that suggest another reason why citizens may desire a more expedient political process. We examine the possibility that some citizens are not merely uncomfortable with disagreement but also want leaders who will aggressively protect them and champion their interests. Using a nationally representative survey, we ask citizens about their preferences for stealth democracy. We also ask questions that tap into their willingness to support leaders who would “bend the rules for supporters” and take aggressive action against political opponents. We find that a substantial component of the electorate continues to prefer a stealth version of democracy. However, we also find that many “stealth democrats” are willing to support leadership practices that would threaten or even undermine democratic norms. We argue that this evidence indicates that, in recent years, many citizens who appear to desire “stealth democracy” pose a threat to democracy itself.
The sirtuin family in health and disease
Authors: Wu Qi-Jun , Zhang Tie-Ning , Chen Huan-Huan , Yu Xue-Fei , Lv Jia-Le , Liu Yu-Yang , Liu Ya-Shu , Zheng Gang , Zhao Jun-Qi , Wei Yi-Fan , Guo Jing-Yi , Liu Fang-Hua , Chang Qing , Zhang Yi-Xiao , Liu Cai-Gang , Zhao Yu-Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
Coal dust nanoparticles induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway driven by IGF1/ROS-mediated AKT/GSK3β signals
Authors: Zhang Yinci , Liang Jiaojiao , Cao Niandie , Gao Jiafeng , Song Li , Tang Xiaolong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPneumoconiosis is the most common and serious disease among coal miners. In earlier work on this subject, we documented that coal dust (CD) nanoparticles (CD-NPs) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) more profoundly than did CD micron particles (CD-MPs), but the mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. Based on the GEO database, jveen, STRING, and Cytoscape tools were used to screen hub genes regulating PF. Particle size distribution of CD were analyzed with Malvern nanoparticle size potentiometer. Combining 8 computational methods, we found that IGF1, POSTN, MMP7, ASPN, and CXCL14 may act as hub genes regulating PF. Based on the high score of IGF1 and its important regulatory role in various tissue fibrosis, we selected it as the target gene in this study. Activation of the IGF1/IGF1R axis promoted CD-NPs-induced PF, and inhibition of the axis activation had the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, activation of the IGF1/IGF1R axis induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to accelerate PF. High-throughput gene sequencing based on lung tissue suggested that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the NF-kB signaling pathway play a key role in PF. Also, ROS induced inflammation and EMT by the activation of the NF-kB/NLRP3 axis to accelerate PF. ROS can induce the activation of AKT/GSK3β signaling, and inhibition of it can inhibit ROS-induced inflammation and EMT by the NF-kB/NLRP3 axis, thereby inhibiting PF. CD-NPs induced PF by promoting inflammation and EMT via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway driven by IGF1/ROS-mediated AKT/GSK3β signals. This study provides a valuable experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.
p53 regulates lysosomal membrane permeabilization as well as cytoprotective autophagy in response to DNA-damaging drugs
Authors: Yamashita Gai , Takano Naoharu , Kazama Hiromi , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Miyazawa Keisuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLysosomes are single-membraned organelles that mediate the intracellular degradation of macromolecules. Various stress can induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), translocating intralysosomal components, such as cathepsins, to the cytoplasm, which induces lysosomal-dependent cell death (LDCD). This study reports that p53 regulates LMP in response to DNA-damaging drugs. Treating wild-typeTP53A549 cells with DNA-damaging drugs (namely, doxorubicin, carboplatin, and etoposide) induced LMP and accelerated cell death more rapidly than treatingTP53-knockout (KO) A549 cells. This suggested p53-dependent LMP and LDCD induction in response to DNA damage. LMP was induced by p53-dependent BID upregulation and activation, followed by translocation of truncated BID to lysosomes. Simultaneously, autophagy for damaged lysosome elimination (lysophagy) was activated via the p53–mTOR–TEFB/TFE3 pathways in response to DNA damage. These data suggested the dichotomous nature of p53 for LMP regulation; LMP induction and repression via the p53–BID axis and p53–mTOR–TFEB/TFE3 pathway, respectively. Blocking autophagy with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin as well asATG5KO enhanced LMP and LDCD induction after exposure to DNA-damaging drugs. Furthermore, lysosomal membrane stabilization using U18666A, a cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick disease C1 (NPC1) inhibitor, suppressed LMP as well as LDCD in wild-typeTP53, but not inTP53-KO, A549 cells. Thus, LMP is finely regulated by TP53 after exposure to DNA-damaging drugs.
Genomics and phenomics of body mass index reveals a complex disease network
Authors: Huang Jie , Huffman Jennifer E. , Huang Yunfeng , Do Valle Ítalo , Assimes Themistocles L. , Raghavan Sridharan , Voight Benjamin F. , Liu Chang , Barabási Albert-László , Huang Rose D. L. , Hui Qin , Nguyen Xuan-Mai T. , Ho Yuk-Lam , Djousse Luc , Lynch Julie A. , Vujkovic Marijana , Tcheandjieu Catherine , Tang Hua , Damrauer Scott M. , Reaven Peter D. , Miller Donald , Phillips Lawrence S. , Ng Maggie C. Y. , Graff Mariaelisa , Haiman Christopher A. , Loos Ruth J. F. , North Kari E. , Yengo Loic , Smith George Davey , Saleheen Danish , Gaziano J. Michael , Rader Daniel J. , Tsao Philip S. , Cho Kelly , Chang Kyong-Mi , Wilson Peter W. F. ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Sun Yan V. , O’Donnell Christopher J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElevated body mass index (BMI) is heritable and associated with many health conditions that impact morbidity and mortality. The study of the genetic association of BMI across a broad range of common disease conditions offers the opportunity to extend current knowledge regarding the breadth and depth of adiposity-related diseases. We identify 906 (364 novel) and 41 (6 novel) genome-wide significant loci for BMI among participants of European (N~1.1 million) and African (N~100,000) ancestry, respectively. Using a BMI genetic risk score including 2446 variants, 316 diagnoses are associated in the Million Veteran Program, with 96.5% showing increased risk. A co-morbidity network analysis reveals seven disease communities containing multiple interconnected diseases associated with BMI as well as extensive connections across communities. Mendelian randomization analysis confirms numerous phenotypes across a breadth of organ systems, including conditions of the circulatory (heart failure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation), genitourinary (chronic renal failure), respiratory (respiratory failure, asthma), musculoskeletal and dermatologic systems that are deeply interconnected within and across the disease communities. This work shows that the complex genetic architecture of BMI associates with a broad range of major health conditions, supporting the need for comprehensive approaches to prevent and treat obesity.
The urban built environment and adult BMI, obesity, and diabetes in Latin American cities
Authors: Anza-Ramirez Cecilia , Lazo Mariana , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae , Avila-Palencia Ione , Bilal Usama , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Knoll Carolyn , Lopez-Olmedo Nancy , Mazariegos Mónica , Moore Kari , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Sarmiento Olga L. , Stern Dalia , Tumas Natalia , Miranda J. Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLatin America is the world’s most urbanized region and its heterogeneous urban development may impact chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the association of built environment characteristics at the sub-city —intersection density, greenness, and population density— and city-level —fragmentation and isolation— with body mass index (BMI), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data from 93,280 (BMI and obesity) and 122,211 individuals (T2D) was analysed across 10 countries. Living in areas with higher intersection density was positively associated with BMI and obesity, whereas living in more fragmented and greener areas were negatively associated. T2D was positively associated with intersection density, but negatively associated with greenness and population density. The rapid urban expansion experienced by Latin America provides unique insights and vastly expand opportunities for population-wide urban interventions aimed at reducing obesity and T2D burden.
TAPE-seq is a cell-based method for predicting genome-wide off-target effects of prime editor
Authors: Kwon Jeonghun , Kim Minyoung , Bae Seungmin , Jo Anna , Kim Youngho , Lee Jungjoon K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrime editors (PEs) are powerful tools that widen the possibilities for sequence modifications during genome editing. Although methods based on the analysis of Cas9 nuclease or nickase activity have been used to predict genome-wide off-target activities of PEs, no tool that directly uses PEs for this purpose has been reported yet. In this study, we present a cell-based assay, named TAgmentation of Prime Editor sequencing (TAPE-seq), that provides genome-wide off-target candidates for PEs. TAPE-seq analyses are successfully performed using many different versions of PEs. The TAPE-seq predictions are compared with results from two other off-site prediction methods, Cas9 nuclease-based GUIDE-seq and Cas9 nickase-based Digenome-seq (nDigenome-seq). TAPE-seq shows a lower miss rate, and a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve compared to the other methods. TAPE-seq also identified valid off-target sites that were missed by the other methods.
Baseline cerebral structural morphology predict freezing of gait in early drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Li Yuting , Huang Xiaofei , Ruan Xiuhang , Duan Dingna , Zhang Yihe , Yu Shaode , Chen Amei , Wang Zhaoxiu , Zou Yujian , Xia Mingrui , Wei Xinhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFreezing of gait (FOG) greatly impacts the daily life of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, predictors of FOG in early PD are limited. Moreover, recent neuroimaging evidence of cerebral morphological alterations in PD is heterogeneous. We aimed to develop a model that could predict the occurrence of FOG using machine learning, collaborating with clinical, laboratory, and cerebral structural imaging information of early drug-naïve PD and investigate alterations in cerebral morphology in early PD. Data from 73 healthy controls (HCs) and 158 early drug-naïve PD patients at baseline were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. The CIVET pipeline was used to generate structural morphological features with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Five machine learning algorithms were calculated to assess the predictive performance of future FOG in early PD during a 5-year follow-up period. We found that models trained with structural morphological features showed fair to good performance (accuracy range, 0.67–0.73). Performance improved when clinical and laboratory data was added (accuracy range, 0.71–0.78). For machine learning algorithms, elastic net-support vector machine models (accuracy range, 0.69–0.78) performed the best. The main features used to predict FOG based on elastic net-support vector machine models were the structural morphological features that were mainly distributed in the left cerebrum. Moreover, the bilateral olfactory cortex (OLF) showed a significantly higher surface area in PD patients than in HCs. Overall, we found that T1WI morphometric markers helped predict future FOG occurrence in patients with early drug-naïve PD at the individual level. The OLF exhibits predominantly cortical expansion in early PD.
A neural network assisted 171Yb+ quantum magnetometer
Authors: Chen Yan , Ban Yue , He Ran , Cui Jin-Ming , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Casanova Jorge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA versatile magnetometer must deliver a readable response when exposed to target fields in a wide range of parameters. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that the combination of171Yb+ atomic sensors with adequately trained neural networks enables us to investigate target fields in distinct challenging scenarios. In particular, we characterize radio frequency (RF) fields in the presence of large shot noise, including the limit case of continuous data acquisition via single-shot measurements. Furthermore, by incorporating neural networks we significantly extend the working regime of atomic magnetometers into scenarios in which the RF driving induces responses beyond their standard harmonic behavior. Our results indicate the benefits to integrate neural networks at the data processing stage of general quantum sensing tasks to decipher the information contained in the sensor responses.
Informing quantum materials discovery and synthesis using X-ray micro-computed tomography
Authors: Pressley Lucas A. , Edey Dave , Hanna Romy , Chae Sieun , Heron John T. , Khan Mojammel A. , McQueen Tyrel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of inclusions, twinning, and low-angle grain boundaries, demanded to exist by the third law of thermodynamics, drive the behavior of quantum materials. Identification and quantification of these structural complexities often requires destructive techniques. X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) uses high-energy X-rays to non-destructively generate 3D representations of a material with micron/nanometer precision, taking advantage of various contrast mechanisms to enable the quantification of the types and number of inhomogeneities. We present case studies of µCT informing materials design of electronic and quantum materials, and the benefits to characterizing inclusions, twinning, and low-angle grain boundaries as well as optimizing crystal growth processes. We discuss recent improvements in µCT instrumentation that enable elemental analysis and orientation to be obtained on crystalline samples. The benefits of µCT as a non-destructive tool to analyze bulk samples should encourage the community to adapt this technology into everyday use for quantum materials discovery.
Transport behaviors of topological band conduction in KTaO3’s two-dimensional electron gases
Authors: Zou Yuting , Shin Hyungki , Wei Haoran , Fan Yiyan , Davidson Bruce A. , Guo Er-Jia , Chen Qihong , Zou Ke , Cheng Zhi Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional electron gas systems (2DEGs) generated at the oxide interfaces that exhibit rich physics phenomena opened up an era for oxide-based electronics, photonics, and spintronics. The recent discovery of superconductivity plus the strong spin-orbital coupling naturally existing in the 2DEGs of KTaO3(KTO) made KTO an exciting platform for the interplay of the electronic and spin degrees of freedom to create exotic physical properties. By directly placing KTO’s 2DEGs next to another strongly-correlated oxide with nontrivial topological nodes, we reveal the anomalous effects which were induced by the topological states in the electronic transport properties of the KTO’s 2DGEs, due to the electronic reconstruction caused by the proximity effect. This adds an additional prospect to the functions of KTO heterostructures.
Transplanting rejuvenated blood stem cells extends lifespan of aged immunocompromised mice
Authors: Montserrat-Vazquez Sara , Ali Noelle J. , Matteini Francesca , Lozano Javier , Zhaowei Tu , Mejia-Ramirez Eva , Marka Gina , Vollmer Angelika , Soller Karin , Sacma Mehmet , Sakk Vadim , Mularoni Loris , Mallm Jan Philipp , Plass Mireya , Zheng Yi , Geiger Hartmut , Florian M. Carolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne goal of regenerative medicine is to rejuvenate tissues and extend lifespan by restoring the function of endogenous aged stem cells. However, evidence that somatic stem cells can be targeted in vivo to extend lifespan is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that after a short systemic treatment with a specific inhibitor of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 (CASIN), transplanting aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from treated mice is sufficient to extend the healthspan and lifespan of aged immunocompromised mice without additional treatment. In detail, we show that systemic CASIN treatment improves strength and endurance of aged mice by increasing the myogenic regenerative potential of aged skeletal muscle stem cells. Further, we show that CASIN modifies niche localization and H4K16ac polarity of HSCs in vivo. Single-cell profiling reveals changes in HSC transcriptome, which underlie enhanced lymphoid and regenerative capacity in serial transplantation assays. Overall, we provide proof-of-concept evidence that a short systemic treatment to decrease Cdc42 activity improves the regenerative capacity of different endogenous aged stem cells in vivo, and that rejuvenated HSCs exert a broad systemic effect sufficient to extend murine health- and lifespan.
Metabolic contributions to neuronal deficits caused by genomic disruption of schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A
Authors: Chong Zheng-Shan , Khong Zi Jian , Tay Shermaine Huiping , Ng Shi-Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegulation of neuronal metabolism during early brain development is crucial for directing synaptic plasticity and proper circuit formation. Alterations in neuronal glycolysis or mitochondrial function are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in SETD1A, a histone methyltransferase, have been linked to increased schizophrenia risk and global developmental delay. Here, we show that heterozygous disruption of SETD1A in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons results in reduced neurite outgrowth and spontaneous activity, two phenotypes commonly associated with schizophrenia, as well as alterations in metabolic capacity. Furthermore, supplementing culture media with metabolic intermediates ameliorated changes in neurite outgrowth and spontaneous activity, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction contributes to neuronal phenotypes caused by SETD1A haploinsufficiency. These findings highlight a previously unknown connection between SETD1A function, metabolic regulation, and neuron development, and identifies alternative avenues for therapeutic development.
MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC
Authors: Mech Mario , Ehrlich André , Herber Andreas , Lüpkes Christof , Wendisch Manfred , Becker Sebastian , Boose Yvonne , Chechin Dmitry , Crewell Susanne , Dupuy Régis , Gourbeyre Christophe , Hartmann Jörg , Jäkel Evelyn , Jourdan Olivier , Kliesch Leif-Leonard , Klingebiel Marcus , Kulla Birte Solveig , Mioche Guillaume , Moser Manuel , Risse Nils , Ruiz-Donoso Elena , Schäfer Michael , Stapf Johannes , Voigt Christiane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo airborne field campaigns focusing on observations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and boundary layer processes and their role with respect to Arctic amplification have been carried out in spring 2019 and late summer 2020 over the Fram Strait northwest of Svalbard. The latter campaign was closely connected to the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Comprehensive datasets of the cloudy Arctic atmosphere have been collected by operating remote sensing instruments, in-situ probes, instruments for the measurement of turbulent fluxes of energy and momentum, and dropsondes on board the AWI research aircraft Polar 5. In total, 24 flights with 111 flight hours have been performed over open ocean, the marginal sea ice zone, and sea ice. The datasets follow documented methods and quality assurance and are suited for studies on Arctic mixed-phase clouds and their transformation processes, for studies with a focus on Arctic boundary layer processes, and for satellite validation applications. All datasets are freely available via the world data center PANGAEA.