bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Behavior of Pure Spin Current in Organic Materials
Authors: Zheng Naihang , Liu Haoliang , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrowing concentration on the novel information processing technology and low‐cost, flexible materials make the spintronics and organic materials appealing for the future interdisciplinary investigations. Organic spintronics, in this context, has arisen and witnessed great advances during the past two decades owing to the continuous innovative exploitation of the charge‐contained spin polarized current. Albeit with such inspiring facts, charge‐absent spin angular momentum flow, namely pure spin currents (PSCs) are less probed in organic functional solids. In this review, the past exploring journey of PSC phenomenon in organic materials are retrospected, including non‐magnetic semiconductors and molecular magnets. Starting with the basic concepts and the generation mechanism for PSC, the representative experimental observations of PSC in the organic‐based networks are subsequently demonstrated and summarized, by accompanying explicit discussion over the propagating mechanism of net spin itself in the organic media. Finally, future perspectives on PSC in organic materials are illustrated mainly from the material point of view, including single molecule magnets, complexes for the organic ligands framework as well as the lanthanide metal complexes, organic radicals, and the emerging 2D organic magnets.
Kinetic‐Controlled Crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 Inducing Preferred Crystallographic Orientation Enhances Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Shin Sooeun , Seo Seongrok , Jeong Seonghwa , Sharbirin Anir S. , Kim Jeongyong , Ahn Hyungju , Park Nam‐Gyu , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCrystallization kinetic controls the crystallographic orientation, inducing anisotropic properties of the materials. As a result, preferential orientation with advanced optoelectronic properties can enhance the photovoltaic devices' performance. Although incorporation of additives is one of the most studied methods to stabilize the photoactive α‐phase of formamidinium lead tri‐iodide (α‐FAPbI3), no studies focus on how the additives affect the crystallization kinetics. Along with the role of methylammonium chloride (MACl) as a “stabilizer” in the formation of α‐FAPbI3, herein, the additional role as a “controller” in the crystallization kinetics is pointed out. With microscopic observations, for example, electron backscatter diffraction and selected area electron diffraction, it is examined that higher concentration of MACl induces slower crystallization kinetics, resulting in larger grain size and [100] preferred orientation. Optoelectronic properties of [100] preferentially oriented grains with less non‐radiative recombination, a longer lifetime of charge carriers, and lower photocurrent deviations in between each grain induce higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor. Resulting MACl40 mol% attains the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.1%. The results provide observations of a direct correlation between the crystallographic orientation and device performance as it highlights the importance of crystallization kinetics resulting in desirable microstructures for device engineering.
A Functional Prelithiation Separator Promises Sustainable High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Qinghai , Fan Min , Chang Xin , Li Hongliang , Wang Wen‐Peng , Zhu Yu‐Hui , Wan Jing , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Wen Rui , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐energy lithium‐ion batteries built with silicon‐based anode materials are usually associated with short cycle lives due to mechanical failure at an anode level and more importantly, due to electrochemical failure at a cell level as a result of irreversible consumption of cathode Li during initial charge. (Electro)chemical prelithiation has shown promises to compensate initial Li loss and improve cycling performance of the battery. However, previous strategies applied directly at anode or cathode could raise concerns on safety and degraded electrode structure, and are less compatible with industrial manufacture of batteries. Here, a new concept of prelithiation by lithiation agents supported functional separator, which is highly adaptive to electrode preparation, battery manufacture and formation, and is capable of, by simply adjusting cell voltage, not only replenishing cathode Li loss but re‐uptaking anode Li to inhibit local over‐lithiation and dendrite formation, is shown. By employing the functional separator, a 3‐Ah Li‐ion pouch cell that pairs a silicon‐based anode and a high‐nickel layered oxide cathode demonstrates stable energy output of >330 Wh kg−1 and much improved cycling performance.
Exploring participant experience to optimize the design and delivery of stress exposure simulations in emergency medicine
Authors: Brazil Victoria , Orr Robin , Canetti Elisa F. D. , Isaacson Warwick , Stevenson Nikki , Purdy Eve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) teams frequently perform under conditions of high stress. Stress exposure simulation (SES) is specifically designed to train recognition and management of stress responses under these conditions. Current approaches to design and delivery of SES in emergency medicine are based on principles derived from other contexts and from anecdotal experience. However, the optimal design and delivery of SES in emergency medicine are not known. We aimed to explore participant experience to inform our approach.MethodsWe performed an exploratory study in our Australian ED with doctors and nurses participating in SES sessions. We used a three‐part framework—sources of stress, the impacts of that stress, and the strategies to mitigate—to inform our SES design and delivery and to guide our exploration of participant experience. Data were collected through a narrative survey and participant interviews and analyzed thematically.ResultsThere were 23 total participants (doctors n = 12, nurses n = 11) across the three sessions. Sixteen survey responses and eight interview transcripts were analyzed, each with equal numbers of doctors and nurses. Five themes were identified in data analysis: (1) experience of stress, (2) managing stress, (3) design and delivery of SES, (4) learning conversations, and (5) transfer to practice.ConclusionsWe suggest that design and delivery of SES should follow health care simulation best practice, with stress adequately induced by authentic clinical scenarios and to avoid trickery or adding extraneous cognitive load. Facilitators leading learning conversations in SES sessions should develop a deep understanding of stress and emotional activation and focus on team‐based strategies to mitigate harmful impacts of stress on performance.
Molecular simulation of confined ethaline‐based deep eutectic solvents for separations of carbon dioxide from methane
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Hung Francisco R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClassical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the separation of carbon dioxide from methane by three formulations of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) ethaline (choline chloride: ethylene glycol at 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 molar ratios), confined inside graphite and titania (rutile) slit pores of two different pore widths, 2 and 5 nm. In addition, equivalent DES systems in the bulk were studied, which can also be viewed as a model supported DES membrane with μm‐sized pores. Our results indicate that variations in the ratio of ethylene glycol, which in turn affect the interactions of all DES species with the gas molecules and the different pore walls, plus confinement effects resulting from varying the pore sizes, can affect the gas separation performance of these systems in complex ways. The highest permselectivities (~20), computed as the product of the diffusivity and solubility selectivities, are observed for 1:2 ethaline in a 5 nm graphite pore, followed by the 1:4 DES in a 5 nm graphite pore, 1:2 ethaline in a 2 nm graphite pore, and the 1:8 bulk DES. In bulk systems, all three selectivities reach their highest values for 1:8 ethaline. When the DESs are confined in the nanopores, the solubility selectivity for most systems improves compared to the equivalent bulk systems, with the graphite pores having the largest solubility selectivities for any given ethylene glycol ratio. In contrast, the diffusivity selectivities in confined systems tend to be similar to the values observed in the bulk DESs. Interaction energies and local density profiles were used to rationalize absorption and diffusivity of gases in our systems. Confining ethaline in graphite and rutile nanopores tends to weaken the CO2‐ethylene glycol and CO2‐cation interactions compared to the values observed in equivalent bulk ethaline systems, which also affect the local density profiles. Our results confirm that variations in ethylene glycol ratio, pore size, and pore wall material can lead to significant changes in gas separation performance. Other porous matrices, for example, nanoporous polymer formulations and graphene oxides, should be considered in follow‐up studies as they may lead to significant improvements in gas separation performance as compared to the bulk DES.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Paternò‐Büchi Reaction of Anthraquinones for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxetanes
Authors: Xu Xiangwen , Yang Fanyuanhang , Zhang Xiaofeng , Gao Yuzhen , Su Weiping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReported here is a general visible‐light‐induced Paternò‐Büchi reaction between anthraquinones and olefins lead to the formation of diverse anthraquinone‐based spirocyclic oxetanes which served as an important scaffold in natural drugs and products. This approach negates the need for UV light, thus overcome the synthetic limitations of the traditional Paternò‐Büchi reaction. Therefore, the method reported here is characterized by high regioselectivity, simple operations, mild conditions and broad scope.
Recent Progress in Synthesis of Conjugated Ladder Polymers
Authors: Lee Jongbok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConjugated ladder polymers (cLPs) are macromolecules consisting of fully fused aromatic backbones, which have emerged as an intriguing research area due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. They possess a highly ordered, ladder‐like structure, which leads to improved charge transport properties and enhanced stability compared to conventional conjugated polymers. The synthesis of cLPs involves two main strategies: single‐step ladderization and stepwise ladderization. However, due to the extremely low solubility of the desired cLPs and the limited synthetic methods for preparing defect‐free cLPs, the field of solution‐based synthesis and processing of cLPs encountered synthetic and processing challenges. This review provides an overview of recent achievements in the synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers, emphasizing the challenges and potential in this fascinating field of research.
Design of Threonine‐Derived Amino Sulfonamide Organocatalysts for the Highly Stereoselective Aldol Reactions
Authors: Hikawa Ryoga , Shimogaki Mio , Kano Taichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel threonine‐derived amino sulfonamide organocatalysts were developed and applied to the asymmetric aldol reactions. The reactions of cyclohexanones with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by the threonine‐derived tosylamide provided anti‐aldol adducts in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. On the other hand, syn‐aldol adducts were obtained in the reactions between α‐siloxyacetone and aromatic aldehydes using threonine‐derived triflamide catalyst. In both cases, a significant improvement in diastereoselectivity was observed compared to threonine‐derived carboxylic acid catalyst.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Formal Hydroamination of N,N‐Disubstituted Acrylamides to α‐Tertiary‐α‐Aminolactam and β‐Aminoamide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shan , Shi Lou , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Shu Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnantioenriched α‐tertiary‐α‐aminoacid and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoacid derivatives play an important role in biological science and pharmaceutical chemistry. Thus, the development of methods for their synthesis is highly valuable and yet remains challenging. Herein, an unprecedented catalyst‐controlled regiodivergent and enantioselective formal hydroamination of N,N‐disubstituted acrylamides with aminating agents has been developed, accessing enantioenriched α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives. Sterically‐disfavored and electronically‐disfavored enantioselective hydroamination of electron‐deficient alkenes have been successfully tuned using different transition metals and chiral ligands. Notably, extremely hindered aliphatic α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam derivatives were synthesized by Cu−H catalyzed asymmetric C−N bond forming with tertiary alkyl species. Enantioenriched α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives have been accessed by Ni−H catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov‐selective formal hydroaminations of alkenes. This set of reactions tolerates a wide range of functional groups to deliver diverse α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives in good yields with high levels of enantioselectivity.
Brønsted Acid Catalysis—Controlling the Competition between Monomeric versus Dimeric Reaction Pathways Enhances Stereoselectivities
Authors: Franta Maximilian , Gramüller Johannes , Dullinger Philipp , Kaltenberger Simon , Horinek Dominik , Gschwind Ruth M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral phosphoric acids (CPA) have become a privileged catalyst type in organocatalysis, but the selection of the optimum catalyst is still challenging. So far hidden competing reaction pathways may limit the maximum stereoselectivities and the potential of prediction models. In CPA‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of imines, we identified for many systems two reaction pathways with inverse stereoselectivity, featuring as active catalyst either one CPA or a hydrogen bond bridged dimer. NMR measurements and DFT calculations revealed the dimeric intermediate and a stronger substrate activation via cooperativity. Both pathways are separable: Low temperatures and high catalysts loadings favor the dimeric pathway (ee up to −98 %), while low temperatures with reduced catalyst loading favor the monomeric pathway and give significantly enhanced ee (92–99 % ee; prior 68–86 % at higher temperatures). Thus, a broad impact is expected on CPA catalysis regarding reaction optimization and prediction.
Edible oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by hydrophile–lipophile balanced sucrose ester
Authors: Hu Xin , Binks Bernard P. , Cui Zhenggang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConventional emulsions are mostly stabilized by surfactants and for stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions the surfactants should be hydrophilic or with HLB numbers larger than seven. In this work, we report that edible oil‐in‐water emulsions can also be stabilized by surfactants with an HLB value close to seven. With edible sucrose ester C‐1807 (HLB no. = 7) as emulsifier and three edible oils (canola oil, olive oil, soybean oil), edible oil‐in‐water emulsions can be stabilized by C‐1807 at concentrations beyond its critical aggregation concentration (CAC). Although monomeric C‐1807 behaves as an inferior emulsifier, they assemble to form multilamellar vesicles in water at concentrations higher than the CAC giving a viscoelastic/gel‐like aqueous phase which is partly responsible for emulsion stabilization. Specifically, at 2 wt%, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with ϕo = 0.75 can be obtained, which are stable against cooling–heating cycles between 5 and 30°C during storage. The vesicles disperse in the aqueous lamellae surrounding the oil droplets, which together with the viscoelastic/gel‐like continuous phase prevents them from flocculation and coalescence.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activities of Indole and Indazole‐Based Stilbenes
Authors: Ma Zongchen , Zhang Wenjie , Han Xiao , Chen Yu , Li Guoqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo develop new highly effective anticancer agents derived from naturally occurring stilbene scaffold, in total of 24 indole and indazole‐based stilbenes including 17 new compounds were designed according to molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized via Witting reaction. The cytotoxic screening results against human tumor cell lines (K562 cells and MDA‐MB‐231 cells) showed that indole and indazole‐based stilbenes are of great interest for developing anticancer agents as eight derivatives possessed strong antiproliferative activities with IC50 values less than 10 μM, and those synthetic derivatives displayed more higher cytotoxicities against K562 cells than MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In particular, indole‐based stilbene bearing piperidine exhibited the most potent cytotoxicities against both K562 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50 values 2.4 μM and 2.18 μM, respectively, along with a remarkable selectivity towards human normal L‐02 cells. Together, the results suggested that indole and indazole‐based stilbenes are promising anticancer scaffolds worthy of further investigation.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair predicts residual mitral regurgitation
Authors: Meijerink Frank , Holierook Marja , Eberl Susanne , Robbers‐Visser Daniëlle , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Beijk Marcel A. M. , Koch Karel T. , de Winter Robbert J. , Bouma Berto J. , Baan Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe current study sought to determine whether low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (TMVR) can predict residual mitral regurgitation (MR) at discharge.BackgroundIn most patients, TMVR can successfully reduce MR from severe to mild or moderate. However, general anesthesia during the intervention affects hemodynamics and MR assessment. At discharge transthoracic echocardiogram residual MR (>moderate) is present in 10%–30% of patients which is associated with worse clinical outcome.MethodsIn consecutive patients the severity of MR was determined at baseline, immediately after TMVR clip implantation and subsequently during low‐dose DSE (both under general anesthesia) and at discharge.ResultsA total of 39 patients were included (mean age 76.1 ± 8.1 years, 39% male, 56% functional MR, 41% left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%). An increase of MR during DSE was seen in 11 patients, of whom 6 (55%) showed >moderate MR at discharge. None of the 28 patients without an increase of MR during DSE showed >moderate MR at discharge. The diagnostic performance of the test could be established at a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85% in unselected patients.ConclusionsDSE during TMVR is a useful tool to predict residual MR at discharge. It could support procedural decision making, including implantation of additional clips and thus potentially improve clinical outcome.
Strategies and techniques for percutaneous Veno‐Arterial ECMO cannulation and decannulation in children
Authors: Buyukgoz Cihangir , Sandhu Hitesh , Shah Samir , Rower Katy , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Waller B. Rush , Kiene Ashley , Knott‐Craig Christopher , Boston Umar , Sathanandam Shyam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the techniques used for percutaneous veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) cannulation and decannulation in children with the pediatric interventional cardiologist (PIC) as the primary operator, and present outcomes of this initial clinical experience.BackgroundPercutaneous VA‐ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been successfully performed in adults, but currently, not much data exists on children.MethodsThis is a single‐center study including VA‐ECMO cannulations performed by the PIC between 2019 and 2021. Efficacy was defined as the successful initiation of VA‐ECMO without surgical cutdown. Safety was defined as the absence of additional procedures related to cannulation.ResultsTwenty‐three percutaneous VA‐ECMO cannulations were performed by PIC on 20 children with 100% success. Fourteen (61%) were performed during ongoing CPR, and nine for cardiogenic shock. The Median age was 15 (0.15–18) years, and the median weight was 65 (3.3–180) kg. All arterial cannulations were via the femoral artery except in one, 8‐week‐old infant who was cannulated in the carotid artery. A distal perfusion cannula was placed in the ipsilateral limb in 17 (78%). The median time from initiating cannulation to ECMO flow was 35 (13–112) minutes. Two patients required arterial graft placement at the time of decannulation and one needed below‐knee amputation. ECMO support was maintained for a median of 4 (0.3–38) days. Thirty‐day survival was 74%.ConclusionPercutaneous VA‐ECMO cannulations can be effectively performed, even during CPR with the Pediatric Interventional Cardiologist being the primary operator. This is an initial clinical experience. Future outcome studies compared with standard surgical cannulations are necessary to advocate routine percutaneous VA‐ECMO in children.
Zero‐contrast IVUS‐guided complex PCI in a patient with NSTE‐ACS and severe renal impairment
Authors: Moretti Francesco , Rondi Mauro , Ottani Filippo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 76‐year‐old male with severe comorbidities and multiple cardiovascular risk factors including stage IV chronic kidney disease presents with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. An ultra‐low contrast invasive coronary angiography using the DyeVert system and iso‐osmolar contrast agent revealed a multivessel disease with heavy calcifications involving the left main stem and its bifurcation requiring a complex percutaneous coronary intervention. Because of the high risk of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury, a zero‐contrast intervention was performed using intravascular ultrasound guidance and dedicated stenting techniques with optimal imaging, clinical, and renal outcomes. Zero‐contrast policies can be safely implemented even in complex clinical scenarios but at least two orthogonal angiographic projections should always be acquired to rule out distal complications.
Takayasu arteritis in peripartum period—A clinical paradox
Authors: Sivanandam Lokesh Koumar , Reddy Naresh Kumar , Vaddepalli Ratnasree , Sanker Vivek , Mansoor Anjuman Amina , Gupta Umang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTakayasu arteritis is a primary systemic vasculitides occurring among women in the childbearing age group. This interaction between TA and pregnancy is an area of interest that has to be addressed. Preconception and antepartum management of arterial hypertension and TAK disease activity is important to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Generalized morphea following COVID‐19 vaccine: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alhayaza Raid , Alhayaza Ghada , Algarni Abdullah , Alhumidi Ahmed , AlHarithy Ruaa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhysicians should be vigilant for COVID‐19 vaccine side effects and investigate any associated cutaneous manifestations. This will ultimately facilitate better understanding and recognition of various skin reactions related to the vaccine.
A patient with chest pain and a high‐risk ECG pattern: The Wellens' syndrome
Authors: Baasen Sven , Stern Manuel , Veulemans Verena , Bönner Florian , Kelm Malte , Busch Lucas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis case highlights the ECG interpretation in acute coronary syndrome absence from ST – elevation myocardial infarction. A patient with acute chest pain and biphasic T – waves or deep inverted T‐ waves in V2–V3 is at risk for myocardial infarction. Timely cardiological assessment and coronary angiography is required.