bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Agential Intelligence
Authors: Cheng Tony 
Published: December 2022

Since artificial intelligence (AI) emerged in the mid-20th century, it has incurred many theoretical criticisms (Dreyfus, H. [1972] What Computers Can’t Do (MIT Press, New York); Dreyfus, H. [1992] What Computers Still Can’t Do (MIT Press, New York); Searle, J. [1980] Minds, brains and programs, Behav. Brain Sci. 3, 417–457; Searle, J. [1984] Minds, Brains and Sciences (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA); Searle, J. [1992] The Rediscovery of the Mind (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA); Fodor, J. [2002] The Mind Doesn’t Work that Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).). The technical improvements of machine learning and deep learning, though, have been continuing and many breakthroughs have occurred recently. This makes theoretical considerations urgent again: can this new wave of AI fare better than its precursors in emulating or even having human-like minds? I propose a cautious yet positive hypothesis: current AI might create human-like mind, but only if it incorporates certain conceptual rewiring: it needs to shift from a task-based to an agent-based framework, which can be dubbed “Artificial Agential Intelligence” (AAI). It comprises practical reason (McDowell, J. [1979] Virtue and reason, Monist 62(3), 331–350; McDowell, J. [1996] Mind and World (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA)), imaginative understanding (Campbell, J. [2020] Causation in Psychology (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA)), and animal knowledge (Sosa, E. [2007] A Virtue Epistemology: Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, volume 1 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK); Sosa, E. [2015] Judgment and Agency (Oxford University Press, Cambridge, MA)). Moreover, I will explore whether and in what way neuroscience-inspired AI and predictive coding (Hassabis, D., Kumaran, D., Summerfield, C., & Botvinick, M. [2017] Neuroscience-inspired artificial intelligence, Neuron 95(2), 245–258) can help carry out this project.
Targeting the Progesterone Receptor in Breast Cancer: Mind the Short Form!
Authors: Ronchi Carlos , Brisken Cathrin 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe presurgical window of opportunity trial (WOT) MIPRA provides evidence that neoadjuvant treatment with the progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist mifepristone (RU486) may benefit patients with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer characterized by a high ratio of PR-A versus PR-B isoform (&gt;1.5), suggesting that PR may be targeted in a subset of patients.See related article by Elía et al., p. 866
Incorporating RNA-based Risk Scores for Genomic Instability to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Immunogenicity in a Diverse Population
Authors: Hamilton Alina M. , Van Alsten Sarah C. , Gao Xiaohua , Nsonwu-Farley Joseph , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Love Michael I. , Troester Melissa A. , Hoadley Katherine A. 
Published: December 2022

Markers of genomic instability, including TP53 status and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), are candidate biomarkers of immunogenicity and immune-mediated survival, but little is known about the distribution of these markers in large, population-based cohorts of racially diverse patients with breast cancer. In prior clinical trials, DNA-based approaches have been emphasized, but recent data suggest that RNA-based assessment can capture pathway differences conveniently and may be streamlined with other RNA-based genomic risk scores. Thus, we used RNA expression to study genomic instability (HRD and TP53 pathways) in context of the breast cancer immune microenvironment in three datasets (total n = 4,892), including 1,942 samples from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based study that oversampled Black (n = 1,026) and younger women (n = 1,032). Across all studies, 36.9% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 92.6% of ER-negative breast cancer had presence of at least one genomic instability signature. TP53 and HRD status were significantly associated with immune expression in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. RNA-based genomic instability signatures were associated with higher PD-L1, CD8 T-cell marker, and global and multimarker immune cell expression. Among tumors with genomic instability signatures, adaptive immune response was associated with improved recurrence-free survival regardless of ER status, highlighting genomic instability as a candidate marker for predicting immunotherapy response. Leveraging a convenient, integrated RNA-based approach, this analysis shows that genomic instability interacts with immune response, an important target in breast cancer overall and in Black women who experience higher frequency of TP53 and HR deficiency.Significance:Despite promising advances in breast cancer immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers that are valid across diverse populations and breast cancer subtypes are needed. Genomic instability signatures can be coordinated with other RNA-based scores to define immunogenic breast cancers and may have value in stratifying immunotherapy trial participants.
Jacques Copeau e o instinto dramático da criança
Authors: Scalari Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de minha tese de doutorado sobre a criança como modelo na pedagogia teatral. Evidencia-se a noção de instinto dramático da criança, conceito-chave no projeto pedagógico de Jacques Copeau, e a presença de noções correlatas a esta nos trabalhos de importantes psicólogos da virada do século XIX para o século XX, como a noção de instinto teatral postulada por Nicolas Evreinov e as pesquisas com crianças efetuadas por Jacques Copeau e Suzanne Bing. O objetivo é destacar o papel fundamental do conceito proposto pela emblemática École du Vieux Colombier na formação do ator.
Human Macrophage Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA,
SIMALR
, Suppresses Inflammatory Macrophage Apoptosis via NTN1 (Netrin-1)
Authors: Cynn Esther , Li Daniel Y. , O’Reilly Marcella E. , Wang Ying , Bashore Alexander C. , Jha Anjali , Foulkes Andrea S. , Zhang Hanrui , Winter Hanna , Maegdefessel Lars , Yan Hanying , Li Mingyao , Ross Leila , Xue Chenyi , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel regulators of macrophage biology and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. However, studies focused on lncRNAs in human macrophage subtypes, particularly human lncRNAs that are not conserved in rodents, are limited.

Methods:

Through RNA-sequencing of human monocyte–derived macrophages, we identified suppressor of inflammatory macrophage apoptosis lncRNA (
SIMALR
). Lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ (interferon γ) stimulated human macrophages were treated with
SIMALR
antisense oligonucleotides and subjected to RNA-sequencing to investigate the function of
SIMALR
. Western blots, luciferase assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate function and potential mechanism of
SIMALR.
RNAscope was performed to identify
SIMALR
expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Results:

RNA-sequencing of human monocyte–derived macrophages identified
SIMALR
, a human macrophage-specific long intergenic noncoding RNA that is highly induced in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ–stimulated macrophages.
SIMALR
knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ stimulated THP1 human macrophages induced apoptosis of inflammatory macrophages, as shown by increased protein expression of cleaved PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase), caspase 9, caspase 3, and Annexin V+. RNA-sequencing of control versus
SIMALR
knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ–stimulated macrophages showed Netrin-1 (
NTN1
) to be significantly decreased upon
SIMALR
knockdown. We confirmed that
NTN1
knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ–stimulated macrophages induced apoptosis. The
SIMALR
knockdown-induced apoptotic phenotype was rescued by adding recombinant NTN1.
NTN1
promoter-luciferase reporter activity was increased in HEK293T (human embryonic kidney 293) cells treated with lentiviral overexpression of
SIMALR
.
NTN1
promoter activity is known to require HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha), and our studies suggest that
SIMALR
may interact with HIF1α to regulate
NTN1
transcription, thereby regulating macrophages apoptosis.
SIMALR
was found to be expressed in macrophages in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques of symptomatic patients.

Conclusions:

SIMALR
is a nonconserved, human macrophage lncRNA expressed in atherosclerosis that suppresses macrophage apoptosis.
SIMALR
partners with HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) to regulate NTN1, which is a known macrophage survival factor. This work illustrates the importance of interrogating the functions of human lncRNAs and exploring their translational and therapeutic potential in human atherosclerosis.
Love is in the air: additional evidence for a volatile sex-attractant pheromone in snakes
Authors: Jellen Benjamin , Aldridge Robert , Hollon Michelle , Sadikovic Maja , Camilo Gerardo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many taxa utilise chemosensation as their primary sensory modality and communicate with one another using pheromones. Sex-attractant pheromones facilitate mate location and provide information regarding the reproductive status of the potential mate. Snakes have adaptively radiated to many different habitats, some of which preclude the possibility of depositing a continuous terrestrial pheromone trail (e.g., arboreal, semi-aquatic). We suggest that volatile signals are present in species inhabiting such environments. The majority of investigations into snake sex-attractant pheromones have examined terrestrial species, largely ignoring non-terrestrial species and their signal modality. We examined the potential existence of terrestrial and volatile signals in the northern watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) with a modified Y-maze. During the mating period, males of this semi-aquatic species successfully trailed both the terrestrial and volatile signals from estrous females but did not successfully trail the terrestrial or volatile signals from non-estrous females and other males. Whether a single multimodal sex-attractant pheromone (or multiple sex-attractant pheromones) produced this result remains unknown. However, we feel future investigations into the volatile nature of sex-attractant pheromones in the Ophidia would prove fruitful; particularly for arboreal, aquatic, and semi-aquatic taxa providing a greater understanding of communication and mating system dynamics.
Nest-sharing behavior of captive Broad-snouted caimans (Caiman latirostris): cooperation or exploitation?
Authors: Pierini Sofía Evelyn , Imhof Alba , Larriera Alejandro , Simoncini Melina Soledad , Príncipe Guillermo , Piña Carlos Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Communal egg-laying is not frequently observed in crocodilians that exhibit nest attendance. However, it has been reported for both wild and captive Caiman latirostris. To understand the proximate causes of communal nesting, we aim to describe the nesting behavior of caimans during communal egg-laying in a captive population. Video cameras were placed at nests and the behavior of females was monitored throughout three incubation periods. We documented and analyzed social behavioral data. Nest-sharing behavior consisted of several females congregating and performing nest construction, nest vigilance and nest maintenance. It was observed in all nests previous to egg-laying. After the first laying, one female prevented others from approaching. The second egg-laying female negatively affected the previous clutch. Working together at the same nest would appear to be an exploitative rather than a cooperative activity, and communal nesting could be a competitive interaction, due to limited suitable nesting sites or overcrowding due to captivity.
Haemocyte characterization in invasive Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Portunidae) from unpolluted vs polluted sites in Argentina
Authors: Frizzera Antonella C. , Samartino Clara G. , Santo Aldo M. , Bojko Jamie , Cremonte Florencia , Vázquez Nuria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pollution, biological invasions and climate change pose the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Few studies explore the interlink between invasive species and local pollution sites. This study describes the type and cytochemical properties of haemocytes from invasive Carcinus maenas on the southwestern Atlantic coast (Argentina). Moreover, the morphology of haemocytes and the total haemocyte count (THC) as well as the differential haemocyte count (DHC) of crabs sampled at clean or unpolluted and polluted sites were compared, to determine whether environmental stresses were evident in their haemocytes. Our results revealed two groups or subpopulations of haemocytes: hyalinocytes, as well as granulocytes and semi-granulocytes. The type of haemocyte from crabs from both sites showed no differences in their morphology. For cytochemical assays, only neutral red dye showed a more intense staining of crab haemocytes at the polluted site. All haemocytes were positive to Periodic Acid-Schiff and Sudan Black. THC of crabs from the clean site were significantly higher, as well as having a significantly higher proportion of hyalinocytes and a lower proportion of granular cells. This study provides a baseline immunological assessment for C. maenas haemocytes, suggesting a differential haemocytic response to environmental stress.
A review of ectocommensals and parasites of Chilean crayfishes (Decapoda, Parastacidae), with emphasis on Temnocephala chilensis (Moquin-Tandon, 1846) (Platyhelminthes)
Authors: De los Rios-Escalante Patricio R. , Jara-Seguel Pedro , Contreras Angel , Latsague Mirtha , Lara Gladys , Leal-Bastidas Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The crayfishes of Chile are endemic species and have been poorly studied with respect to their biology. The available literature is restricted to species descriptions, whereas there is no information about other biological topics such as ectocommensals and parasites, which can affect crayfishes. The aim of the present study was to do a literature review and update the information about ectocommensals and parasites that have been reported from Chilean crayfishes. The literature mentioned the presence of Temnocephala chilensis (Platyhelminthes), Stratiodrilus pugnaxi (Polychaeta) and Protozoa such as species of the genera Operculigera and Lagenophrys as ectocommensals for Parastacus pugnax and Samastacus spinifrons. As an endoparasite, Psorospermium haeckelii was reported, a unicellular eukaryotic organism that was found in P. pugnax ovaria. An additional analysis of collected specimens of P. pugnax and S. spinifrons revealed the presence of T. chilensis, albeit at a low incidence. Ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary topics are discussed considering the case of a marked microendemism of an organism associated with Chilean crayfishes.
The generic assignment of Pilumnus lanuginosus Klunzinger, 1913 (Brachyura, Pilumnidae)
Authors: Ng Peter K. L. , Clark Paul F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pilumnus lanuginosus Klunzinger, 1913 is a rarely reported pilumnid crab known only from the Red Sea. Although placed in Heteropilumnus De Man, 1895, since 1933 this species is here transferred to Pseudolitochira Ward, 1942. The lateral parts of the posterior epistome margin in this small-sized species are concave, entire and devoid of fissures or clefts, which is a Pseudolitochira character. As the types of Pilumnus lanuginosus are no longer extant, a male from the Red Sea is designated as the neotype of the species.
Redescription of Bomolochus decapteri Yamaguti, 1936 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) recovered from three species of Carangidae (Pisces, Perciformes) in Japan, with the first description of the male of the species
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bomolochus decapteri Yamaguti, 1936 is redescribed based on specimens recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of three species of Carangidae (Pisces, Perciformes), the roughear scad Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968, the whitefin trevally Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844), and the Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) in Japan. The male of the species is described for the first time. The possession of postantennal processes and lateral processes was verified in the genus, next to Nothobomolochus.
Analysis on the infecting ability of different concentrations of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Microsporidia, Microsporea, Chytridiopsida) in Exopalaemon carinicauda (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Jiang Haiyi , Li Yongchuang , Li Wanying , Duan Chun , Xu Jing , Baloch Wazir Ali , Yu Fei , Gao Huan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exploring the relationship between the number of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in the ambient water and its infecting ability in Exopalaemon carinicauda, we set up 6 EHP-concentration groups of 0, 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105. Subsequently, we compared the differentiation of the number of EHP copies in different tissues, the change in hepatopancreas structure, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase and NO in the haemolymph. Our result showed: the number of EHP copies in each tissue would increase significantly following the increase of EHP concentration in the water. The highest EHP copy numbers were found in hepatopancreas at the same infection condition. Additionally, EHP copy numbers in hepatopancreas were positively correlated with infection time. Furthermore, histopathological results showed the damage to the hepatopancreas had severed with the concentration of EHP increasing. Also, iNOS activity and NO content in the haemolymph of shrimp were affected by the different EHP concentrations. This study revealed significant differences in the infection ability of different concentrations of EHP spores.
The Disputed Scope of the Svalbard Treaty Offshore: a New Approach to Resolving the Issue
Authors: Churchill Robin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The 1920 Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen confers sovereignty over Svalbard on Norway. It also provides that all parties to the Treaty enjoy equal rights of fishing and mining on Svalbard and in its ‘territorial waters’. Norway and various other States parties to the Svalbard Treaty disagree as to whether the Treaty applies to the continental shelf and Fisheries Protection Zone (fpz) of Svalbard. There has been much discussion as to the merits of each side’s legal position. This article does not contribute further to that discussion. Instead, it examines the three current principal issues where it makes a practical difference whether or not the Treaty applies – oil and gas exploration and exploitation, the catching of snow crab, and Norway’s fisheries jurisdiction in the fpz – and suggests how disputes relating to those issues could be resolved without having to determine whether the Treaty applies to Svalbard’s continental shelf and fpz.
Following Geir, or Another Little-Noticed Phenomenon in International Law
Authors: Dunoff Jeffrey 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This contribution to a special issue honoring Geir Ulfstein links and extends two prominent themes in Geir’s scholarship, namely innovations in lawmaking by treaty bodies, and global constitutionalism. It does so by outlining a series of understudied and undertheorized interactions among treaty bodies from different international legal regimes, and arguing that these interactions represent an underexplored domain for the application of global constitutionalist analysis.
The Causes of the Emergence of Provincial Elites with Inscribed Monuments in the Late Old Kingdom: Case Studies and Methodology
Authors: Martinet Émilie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The causes and processes that have led to the sudden rise of the provincial elites who had the wherewithal to commission inscribed monuments, especially from the end of the Fifth Dynasty (c.2350 BCE), remain poorly understood. This paper aims to highlight some of the main factors involved in this process, using specific case studies and a global and comparative approach. The results indicate greater levels of complexity than previously thought, and that no single, concurrent cause applied in all provinces. The paper also discusses methodological issues about how to reconstruct a causal system for the emergence and enrichment of provincial elites and, in particular, the need to study this process diachronically to achieve deeper insights into its mechanisms.
Hierarchy, Religion and Race: Nineteenth Century Philology and the Search for the Origins of the Egyptian Language
Authors: Davis Katherine E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the nineteenth century, early Egyptologists were still in the first stages of understanding Egyptian grammar, while at the same time comparative philologists were attempting to reconstruct the historical origins of languages and peoples. These two disciplines intersected and produced various models that situated the Egyptian language into broader world histories. This article explores how early Egyptological scholars during the mid-nineteenth century like Christian Bunsen, Richard Lepsius, and Leo Reinisch, as well as a constellation of figures from comparative philology, drew boundaries around the Egyptian language and speculated about its origins. Their work belonged to a broader intellectual culture where historical language – the nuts and bolts of grammar – became scientific data that revealed biblical truth for some, underpinned the divergent intellectual foundations of civilization for others, and for yet more determined the fate of a people in a manner that prefigured and eventually joined with biological racism.
A Taiwanese Soft Power? Contesting Visions of Democracy and Culture
Authors: Otmazgin Nissim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
How do Taiwanese officials view democracy and culture and how do they plan to utilise these two soft power resources as part of advancing the island’s international position? Based primarily on interviews conducted with state officials in Taiwan, this paper analyses Taiwan’s soft power repositioning in the regional and global soft power competition and examines its advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the institutional and geopolitical constraints Taiwan faces when trying to implement its soft power policy and addresses the internal disagreements over utilising its cultural and democratic achievements. It concludes that despite the utility of soft power in pursuing its foreign policy agenda, Taiwan faces a few major institutional and conceptual obstacles, keeping Taiwanese diplomacy in a transitional period from old thinking about culture and diplomacy while hesitantly evaluating its soft power resources.