bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a condensed protocol to assess limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change
Authors: Maioli Heather , Mittenzwei Rhonda , Shofer Jane B , Scherpelz Kathryn P , Marshall Desiree , Nolan Amber L , Nelson Peter T , Keene C Dirk , Latimer Caitlin S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a dementia-related proteinopathy common in the elderly population. LATE-NC stages 2 or 3 are consistently associated with cognitive impairment. A condensed protocol (CP) for the assessment of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change and other disorders associated with cognitive impairment, recommended sampling of small brain portions from specific neuroanatomic regions that were consolidated, resulting in significant cost reduction. Formal evaluation of the CP for LATE-NC staging was not previously performed. Here, we determined the ability of the CP to identify LATE-NC stages 2 or 3. Forty brains donated to the University of Washington BioRepository and Integrated Neuropathology laboratory with known LATE-NC status were resampled. Slides containing brain regions required for LATE-NC staging were immunostained for phospho-TDP-43 and reviewed by 6 neuropathologists blinded to original LATE-NC diagnosis. Overall group performance distinguishing between LATE-NC stages 0–1 and 2–3 was 85% (confidence interval [CI]: 75%–92%). We also used the CP to evaluate LATE-NC in a hospital autopsy cohort, in which LATE-NC was more common in individuals with a history of cognitive impairment, older age, and/or comorbid hippocampal sclerosis. This study shows that the CP can effectively discriminate higher stages of LATE-NC from low or no LATE-NC and that it can be successfully applied in clinical practice using a single tissue block and immunostain.
Crop Diversity Experiment: towards a mechanistic understanding of the benefits of species diversity in annual crop systems
Authors: Schöb Christian , Engbersen Nadine , López-Angulo Jesús , Schmutz Anja , Stefan Laura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inspired by grassland biodiversity experiments studying the impact of plant diversity on primary productivity, the Crop Diversity Experiment setup in 2018 aimed at testing whether these biodiversity benefits also hold for annual crop systems and whether crop mixtures also achieved transgressive overyielding, i.e. yield in mixture that was higher than the most productive monoculture. The first 3 years of the experiment demonstrated that crop mixtures do not only increase yield compared with an average monoculture but often also compared with the highest yielding monoculture. The crop diversity effects were stronger under more stressful environmental conditions and were often achieved in mixtures with legume crops. However, we observed transgressive overyielding also under favorable conditions and in mixtures without legumes. With our investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the yield benefits we found both direct complementarities between crop species and indirect effects via other organisms. The former included chemical, spatial and temporal complementarity in N uptake, complementary root distribution leading to complementary water uptake, as well as spatial and temporal complementarity in light use. Among the indirect mechanisms we identified complementary suppression of weeds and more abundant plant growth-promoting microbes in crop mixtures, apart from complementarity in pest and disease suppression not yet studied in the Crop Diversity Experiment but demonstrated elsewhere. In consequence, the Crop Diversity Experiment supports not only the assumption that the ecological processes identified in biodiversity experiments also hold in crop systems, but that diversification of arable crop systems provides a valuable tool to sustainably produce food.
NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE activity affects nucleolar iron accumulation and impacts rDNA silencing and RNA methylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Montacié Charlotte , Riondet Christophe , Wei Lili , Darrière Tommy , Weiss Alizée , Pontvianne Frédéric , Escande Marie-Line , de Bures Anne , Jobet Edouard , Barbarossa Adrien , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Aarts Mark G M , Attina Aurore , Hirtz Christophe , David Alexandre , Marchand Virginie , Motorin Yuri , Curie Catherine , Mari Stéphane , Reichheld Jean-Philippe , Sáez-Vásquez Julio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In plant cells, a large pool of iron (Fe) is contained in the nucleolus, as well as in chloroplasts and mitochondria. A central determinant for intracellular distribution of Fe is nicotianamine (NA) generated by NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS). Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana plants with disrupted NAS genes to study the accumulation of nucleolar iron and understand its role in nucleolar functions and more specifically in rRNA gene expression. We found that nas124 triple mutant plants, which contained lower quantities of the iron ligand NA, also contained less iron in the nucleolus. This was concurrent with the expression of normally silenced rRNA genes from nucleolar organizer regions 2 (NOR2). Notably, in nas234 triple mutant plants, which also contained lower quantities of NA, nucleolar iron and rDNA expression were not affected. In contrast, in both nas124 and nas234, specific RNA modifications were differentially regulated in a genotype dependent manner. Taken together, our results highlight the impact of specific NAS activities in RNA gene expression. We discuss the interplay between NA and nucleolar iron with rDNA functional organization and RNA methylation.
A Chandra X-ray study of supernova remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Karagöz E , Alan N , Bilir S , Ak S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform extensive spectroscopy of the supernova remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using ∼43 ks Chandra archival data. By analysing the spectra of the entire remnant, we determine the abundance distributions for O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe. We detect evidence of enhanced O and possibly Ne and Mg in some of the central regions which might indicate an asymmetric distribution of the ejecta. The average O/Ne, O/Mg, and Ne/Mg abundance ratios of the ejecta are in plausible agreement with the nucleosynthesis products from the explosion of a ∼40 M⊙ progenitor. We estimate an upper limit on the Sedov age of ∼5400 ± 200 yr and explosion energy of ∼8.9 ± 1.6 × 1051 erg for N63A. We discuss the implications of our results for the morphological structure of the remnant, its circumstellar medium, and the nature of the progenitor star.
Predictions of solar activity cycles 25 and 26 using non-linear autoregressive exogenous neural networks
Authors: Kalkan Mirkan Y , Fawzy Diaa E , Saygac A Talat 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
This study presents new prediction models of the 11-yr solar activity cycles (SC) 25 and 26 based on multiple activity indicator parameters. The developed models are based on the use of non-linear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network approach. The training period of the NARX model is from July 1749 to December 2019. The considered activity indicator parameters are the monthly sunspot number time series (SSN), the flare occurence frequency, the 10.7-cm solar radio flux, and the total solar irradiance (TSI). The neural network models are fed by these parameters independently and the prediction results are compared and verified. The obtained training, validation, and prediction results show that our models are accurate with an accuracy of about 90 per cent in the prediction of peak activity values. The current models produce the dual-peak maximum (Gnevyshev gap) very well. Based on the obtained results, the expected solar peaks in terms of SSN (monthly averaged smoothed) of the solar cycles 25 and 26 are RSSN = 116.6 (February 2025) and RSSN = 113.25 (October 2036), respectively. The expected time durations of SC 25 and SC 26 cycles are 9.2 and 11 yr, respectively. The activity levels of SC 25 and 26 are expected to be very close and similar to or weaker than SC 24. This suggests that these two cycles are at the minimum level of the Gleissberg cycle. A comparison with other reported studies shows that our results based on the NARX model are in good agreement.
CHEOPS’s hunt for exocomets: photometric observations of 5 Vul
Authors: Rebollido Isabel , Zieba Sebastian , Iglesias Daniela , Bourrier Vincent , Kiefer Flavien , Lecavelier Des Etangs Alain 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The presence of minor bodies in exoplanetary systems is in most cases inferred through infrared excesses, with the exception of exocomets. Even if over 35 yr have passed since the first detection of exocomets around β Pic, only ∼25 systems are known to show evidence of evaporating bodies, and most of them have only been observed in spectroscopy. With the appearance of new high-precision photometric missions designed to search for exoplanets, such as CHEOPS, a new opportunity to detect exocomets is available. Combining data from CHEOPS and TESS we investigate the light-curve of 5 Vul, an A-type star with detected variability in spectroscopy, to search for non-periodic transits that could indicate the presence of dusty cometary tails in the system. While we did not find any evidence of minor bodies, the high precision of the data, along with the combination with previous spectroscopic results and models, allows for an estimation of the sizes and spatial distribution of the exocomets.
Amides inventory towards the G+0.693−0.027 molecular cloud
Authors: Zeng S , Rivilla V M , Jiménez-Serra I , Colzi L , Martín-Pintado J , Tercero B , de Vicente P , Martín S , Requena-Torres M A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Interstellar amides have attracted significant attentions as they are potential precursors for a wide variety of organics essential to life. However, our current understanding of their formation in space is heavily based on observations in star-forming regions and hence the chemical networks lack the constraints on their early origin. In this work, unbiased sensitive spectral surveys with IRAM 30 m and Yebes 40 m telescopes are used to systematically study a number of amides towards a quiescent Galactic centre molecular cloud, G+0.693−0.027. We report the first detection of acetamide (CH3C(O)NH2) and trans-N-methylformamide (CH3NHCHO) towards this cloud. In addition, with the wider frequency coverage of the survey, we revisited the detection of formamide (NH2CHO) and urea (carbamide; NH2C(O)NH2), which had been reported previously towards G+0.693−0.027. Our results are compared with those present in the literature including recent laboratory experiments and chemical models. We find constant abundance ratios independently of the evolutionary stages, suggesting that amides related chemistry is triggered in early evolutionary stages of molecular cloud and remain unaffected by the warm-up phase during the star formation process. Although a correlation between more complex amides and NH2CHO have been suggested, alternative formation routes involving other precursors such as acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), and methylamine (CH3NH2) may also contribute to the production of amides. Observations of amides together with these species towards a larger sample of sources can help to constrain the amide chemistry in the interstellar medium.
When a genus must become two: resurrection of Pelagella Gray, 1850 with the description of six new species
Authors: Paz-Sedano Sofía , Smirnoff Dimitri , Gosliner Terrence M , Pola Marta 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Goniodoris is the third most diverse genus of the nudibranch family Goniodorididae. The genus has undergone several taxonomic changes, with c. one-third of the recognized species of Goniodoris having been synonymized (most of these are junior synonyms of genera from other families). In addition, Goniodoris includes other synonymized genera within it, such as Pelagella, which was erected for Doris pareti. This species was synonymized with Goniodoris castanea and the genus Pelagella went almost unnoticed. In the present study, we investigate the systematics of the genus Goniodoris by examining specimens of G. castanea from England and Spain, G. joubini from Hawaii and six undescribed Goniodoris species from Australia, the Philippines and Mozambique. The morphology of the new species is studied using dissections of the internal organs and scanning electron micrographs of the radulae, labial cuticles and the penis. We also carried out phylogenetic analyses using partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. These analyses show that the type species of Goniodoris, G. nodosa, is not a member of the clade constituted by the focal species of our study; the valid name for this clade is Pelagella. Six new species of Pelagella, P. albopunctata n. sp., P. balanoyensis n. sp., P. longicornis n. sp., P. scottjohnsoni n. sp., P. rubrobranchiata n. sp. and P. vitrea n. sp., are described.
Cell-based therapies for glioblastoma: Promising tools against tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Nehama Dean , Woodell Alex S , Maingi Spencer M , Hingtgen Shawn D , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with a devastating impact on quality-of-life and abysmal survivorship. Patients have very limited effective treatment options. The successes of targeted small molecule drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors seen in various solid tumors have not translated to GBM, despite significant advances in our understanding of its molecular, immune, and microenvironment landscapes. These discoveries, however, have unveiled GBM’s incredible heterogeneity and its role in treatment failure and survival. Novel cellular therapy technologies are finding successes in oncology and harbor characteristics that make them uniquely suited to overcome challenges posed by GBM, such as increased resistance to tumor heterogeneity, modularity, localized delivery, and safety. Considering these advantages, we compiled this review article on cellular therapies for GBM, focusing on cellular immunotherapies and stem cell-based therapies, to evaluate their utility. We categorize them based on their specificity, review their preclinical and clinical data, and extract valuable insights to help guide future cellular therapy development.
Analysis of recurrence probability following radiotherapy in patients with CNS WHO grade 2 meningioma using integrated molecular-morphologic classification
Authors: Deng Maximilian Y , Hinz Felix , Maas Sybren L N , Anil Günes , Sievers Philipp , Conde-Lopez Cristina , Lischalk Jonathan , Rauh Sophie , Eichkorn Tanja , Regnery Sebastian , Bauer Lukas , Held Thomas , Meixner Eva , Lang Kristin , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Herfarth Klaus , Jones David , Pfister Stefan M , Jungk Christine , Unterberg Andreas , Wick Wolfgang , von Deimling Andreas , Debus Jürgen , Sahm Felix , König Laila 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors distinguishes 3 malignancy grades in meningiomas, with increasing risk of recurrence from CNS WHO grades 1 to 3. Radiotherapy is recommended by current EANO guidelines for patients not safely amenable to surgery or after incomplete resection in higher grades. Despite adequately predicting recurrence probability for the majority of CNS WHO grade 2 meningioma patients, a considerable subset of patients demonstrates an unexpectedly early tumor recurrence following radiotherapy.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of 44 patients with CNS WHO grade 2 meningiomas were stratified into 3 risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) using an integrated morphological, CNV- and methylation family-based classification. Local progression-free survival (lPFS) following radiotherapy (RT) was analyzed and total dose of radiation was correlated with survival outcome. Radiotherapy treatment plans were correlated with follow-up images to characterize the pattern of relapse. Treatment toxicities were further assessed.

Results
Risk stratification of CNS WHO grade 2 meningioma into integrated risk groups demonstrated a significant difference in 3-year lPFS following radiotherapy between the molecular low- and high-risk groups. Recurrence pattern analysis revealed that 87.5 % of initial relapses occurred within the RT planning target volume or resection cavity.

Conclusions
Integrated risk scoring can identify CNS WHO grade 2 meningioma patients at risk or relapse and dissemination following radiotherapy. Therapeutic management of CNS WHO grade 2 meningiomas and future clinical trials should be adjusted according to the molecular risk-groups, and not rely on conventional CNS WHO grading alone.
The effects of educational interventions and the COVID-19 pandemic on the time to diagnosis in pediatric patients with primary central nervous system tumors
Authors: Canova Tyler , McNinch Neil , Judd Alexis , Rush Sarah , Wright Erin 
Published: May 2023

Abstarct

Background
Primary central nervous system tumors are a leading cause of death and disability amongst pediatric cancer patients. Akron Children’s Hospital published data in 2018 on response time for brain tumor diagnosis and implemented components of an established program to decrease diagnostic delays and thereby reduce tumor- and treatment-related morbidities. This study evaluates if there was an improvement in the total diagnostic interval (TDI, time from symptom onset to diagnosis) after provider education. During the study, the COVID-19 pandemic forced alterations in care delivery. The impact this had on the TDI was also assessed.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed, and patients were separated into 2008–2017 (historical) and 2018–2021 (posteducation) groups to assess the effect of educational interventions on TDI. The posteducation cohort was analyzed separately to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The 85 patients studied in the post-education group showed a median TDI of 31 days. Though not statistically significant (P = .939), this represents an 11-day decrease in median TDI compared to the historical group (42 days). In addition, the posteducation group showed an increase in the average number of healthcare provider visits (HCP, 2.4 historical to 3.2 posteducation, P = .009). The pre-COVID-19 group (median TDI 43.5 days) did not differ statistically from the post-COVID-19 group (30-day median TDI).

Conclusion
The nonsignificant decrease in TDI and concurrent increase in HCP visits after implementation of education suggests a potential gap amongst providers in working-up primary CNS tumors. These results will influence expansion of education to further improve TDI.
Programmable deaminase-free base editors for G-to-Y conversion by engineered glycosylase
Authors: Tong Huawei , Liu Nana , Wei Yinghui , Zhou Yingsi , Li Yun , Wu Danni , Jin Ming , Cui Shuna , Li Hengbin , Li Guoling , Zhou Jingxing , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hainan , Shi Linyu , Yao Xuan , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Current DNA base editors contain nuclease and DNA deaminase that enables deamination of cytosine (C) or adenine (A), but no method for guanine (G) or thymine (T) editing is available at present. Here we developed a deaminase-free glycosylase-based guanine base editor (gGBE) with G editing ability, by fusing Cas9 nickase with engineered N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase protein (MPG). By several rounds of MPG mutagenesis via unbiased and rational screening using an intron-split EGFP reporter, we demonstrated that gGBE with engineered MPG could increase G editing efficiency by more than 1500 fold. Furthermore, this gGBE exhibited high base editing efficiency (up to 81.2%) and high G-to-T or G-to-C (i.e. G-to-Y) conversion ratio (up to 0.95) in both cultured human cells and mouse embryos. Thus, we have provided a proof-of-concept of a new base editing approach by endowing the engineered DNA glycosylase the capability to selectively excise a new type of substrate.
Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Serum Antibodies Through the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Surges Among Vaccinated Health Care Workers at a Boston Hospital
Authors: Dodge Maura C , Ye Lei , Duffy Elizabeth R , Cole Manisha , Gawel Susan H , Werler Martha M , Daghfal David , Andry Chris , Kataria Yachana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal serology studies can assist in analyzing the kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, helping to inform public health decision making. Our study aims to characterize circulating antibody trends over 18 months in vaccinated participants with and without evidence of COVID-19 infection.

Methods
A cohort of health care workers employed at Boston Medical Center was followed to collect serum samples and survey data over 6 time points from July 2020 through December 2021 (N = 527). History of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and booster status were confirmed, where possible, through electronic medical records. Serum was assessed for the qualitative and semiquantitative detection of IgG antibody levels (anti-nucleoprotein [anti-N] and anti-spike [anti-S], respectively). Piecewise regression models were utilized to characterize antibody kinetics over time.

Results
Anti-S IgG titers remained above the positivity threshold following infection and/or vaccination throughout the 18-month follow-up. Among participants with no evidence of COVID-19 infection, titers declined significantly faster in the initial 90 days after full vaccination (β = −0.056) from December 2020 to March 2021 as compared with the decline observed following booster dose uptake (β = −0.023, P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, COVID-19 infection prior to vaccination significantly attenuated the decline of anti-S IgG when compared with no infection following vaccine uptake (P &lt; 0.001). Lastly, fewer participants contracted Omicron when boosted (12.7%) compared to fully vaccinated (17.6%). Regardless of vaccination status, participants who were Omicron positive had lower anti-S IgG titers than those who did not test positive, but this difference was not significant.

Conclusions
These findings provide novel 18-month kinetics of anti-S IgG antibodies and highlight the durability of hybrid immunity, underlining the strong humoral response stimulated by combined infection and vaccination.
Ultraconserved elements support the elevation of a new avian family, Eurocephalidae, the white-crowned shrikes
Authors: McCullough Jenna M , Hruska Jack P , Oliveros Carl H , Moyle Robert G , Andersen Michael J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we infer genus-level relationships within shrikes (Laniidae), crows (Corvidae), and their allies using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We confirm previous results of the Crested Shrikejay (Platylophus galericulatus) as comprising its own taxonomic family and find strong support for its sister relationship to laniid shrikes. We also find strong support that the African-endemic genus Eurocephalus, which comprises two allopatric species (E. ruppelli and E. anguitimens), are not “true-shrikes.” We propose elevating the white-crowned shrikes to their own family, Eurocephalidae.