bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indole‐3‐carbinol induces apoptosis in AGS cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Singh Alka Ashok , Jo Sung‐Han , Kiddane Anley Teferra , Niyonizigiye Irvine , Kim Gun‐Do 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndole‐3‐carbinol is produced from the cruciferous vegetables and broadly investigated for their various biological effects in in‐vitro and in‐vivo aspects. However, the anticancer activity of I3C and its molecular mechanisms have not been investigated in human adeno gastro carcinoma (AGS) cells. In our study of AGS cells, nuclear condensation was observed by 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining, cell death was confirmed by a cell viability assay, and fragmented DNA was observed at the IC50 dose by a DNA fragmentation assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by the qPCR technique. Treatment of the AGS cells with I3C at different concentrations has drastically decreased cell proliferation and differentiation. By releasing cytochrome‐c from mitochondria in the intrinsic pathway, I3C prevents the multiplication of AGS cells and initiates apoptosis. The WST‐1 assay result showed that I3C treatment against AGS cells had considerably reduced the viability of the cells. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR showed the fold change among the expressed proteins compared with reference gene β‐actin. Molecular docking revealed that I3C showed a strong binding affinity for the apoptotic protein 3DCY. The results show the caspase group of proteins contribute to the core of apoptotic machinery. I3C and its metabolites target a variety of components of cell‐cycle control via distinct signaling pathways in light of the rapid development of tumors and oncogenesis. The translational significance of I3C and its metabolites in cancer is highlighted by their wide range of antitumor activity and low toxicity. Furthermore, the novel prodrug I3C, which has overlapping underlying mechanisms, could encourage new strategies to decrease oncogenesis.
A review of clostridial diseases in rhinoceroses
Authors: Angwenyi Shaleen Kemunto Sarange , Hassell James , Miller Michele Ann , Mutinda Mathew , Vitali Francesca , Murray Suzan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough rhinoceros conservation efforts are focused on anti‐poaching and combating wildlife trade, infectious diseases are an increasing threat to both free‐ranging and captive rhinoceros populations. Among these, clostridial infections with Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii, and Clostridium novyi have caused acute disease in black and white rhinoceroses, characterized by a high mortality rate within very brief time spans. The acute nature, as well as limited knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, make clostridial diseases an important threat to rhinoceros conservation. This article reviews historical cases of clostridial disease in rhinoceros with the aim of formulating a clearer understanding of the disease's epidemiology and using this information to make recommendations for its management in free‐ranging rhinoceroses. Acute colic and sudden death in rhinoceroses, together with necropsy findings of segmental hemorrhagic enteritis, should lead towards a tentative diagnosis of enteric clostridial disease, although detection and identification of specific toxins are required for a definitive diagnosis. Our findings indicate the need for further research into clostridial disease dynamics in wildlife species and provide the basis for this research in rhinoceroses.
Differences between kidney retransplant recipients as identified by machine learning consensus clustering
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Vaitla Pradeep , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Mao Shennen A. , Mao Michael A. , Acharya Prakrati C. , Leeaphorn Napat , Kaewput Wisit , Pattharanitima Pattharawin , Tangpanithandee Supawit , Krisanapan Pajaree , Nissaisorakarn Pitchaphon , Cooper Matthew , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur study aimed to characterize kidney retransplant recipients using an unsupervised machine‐learning approach.MethodsWe performed consensus cluster analysis based on the recipient‐, donor‐, and transplant‐related characteristics in 17 443 kidney retransplant recipients in the OPTN/UNOS database from 2010 to 2019. We identified each cluster's key characteristics using the standardized mean difference of >.3. We compared the posttransplant outcomes, including death‐censored graft failure and patient death among the assigned clustersResultsConsensus cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters of kidney retransplant recipients. Cluster 1 recipients were predominantly white and were less sensitized. They were most likely to receive a living donor kidney transplant and more likely to be preemptive (30%) or need ≤1 year of dialysis (32%). In contrast, cluster 2 recipients were the most sensitized (median PRA 95%). They were more likely to have been on dialysis >1 year, and receive a nationally allocated, low HLA mismatch, standard KDPI deceased donor kidney. Recipients in cluster 3 were more likely to be minorities (37% Black; 15% Hispanic). They were moderately sensitized with a median PRA of 87% and were also most likely to have been on dialysis >1 year. They received locally allocated high HLA mismatch kidneys from standard KDPI deceased donors. Thymoglobulin was the most commonly used induction agent for all three clusters. Cluster 1 had the most favorable patient and graft survival, while cluster 3 had the worst patient and graft survival.ConclusionThe use of an unsupervised machine learning approach characterized kidney retransplant recipients into three clinically distinct clusters with differing posttransplant outcomes. Recipients with moderate allosensitization, such as those represented in cluster 3, are perhaps more disadvantaged in the kidney retransplantation process. Potential opportunities for improvement specific to these re‐transplant recipients include working to improve opportunities to improve access to living donor kidney transplantation, living donor paired exchange and identifying strategies for better HLA matching.
The effect of insect food availability on songbird reproductive success and chick body condition: Evidence from a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grames Eliza M. , Montgomery Graham A. , Youngflesh Casey , Tingley Morgan W. , Elphick Chris S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReports of declines in abundance and biomass of insects and other invertebrates from around the world have raised concerns about food limitation that could have profound impacts for insectivorous species. Food availability can clearly affect species; however, there is considerable variation among studies in whether this effect is evident, and thus a lack of clarity over the generality of the relationship. To understand how decreased food availability due to invertebrate declines will affect bird populations, we conducted a systematic review and used meta‐analytic structural equation modelling, which allowed us to treat our core variables of interest as latent variables estimated by the diverse ways in which researchers measure fecundity and chick body condition. We found a moderate positive effect of food availability on chick body condition and a strong positive effect on reproductive success. We also found a negative relationship between chick body condition and reproductive success. Our results demonstrate that food is generally a limiting factor for breeding songbirds. Our analysis also provides evidence for a consistent trade‐off between chick body condition and reproductive success, demonstrating the complexity of trophic dynamics important for these vital rates.
Distinct genetic basis of common epilepsies and structural magnetic resonance imaging measures
Authors: Stevelink Remi , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. ,   International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies
Published: February 2023

AbstractFocal and generalized epilepsies are associated with robust differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of subcortical structures, gray matter, and white matter. However, it is unknown whether such structural brain differences reflect the cause or consequence of epilepsy or its treatment. Analyses of common genetic variants underlying both common epilepsy risk and variability in structural brain measures can give further insights, as such inherited variants are not influenced by disease or treatment. Here, we performed genetic correlation analyses using data from the largest genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on common epilepsy (n = 27 559 cases and 42 436 controls) and GWASs on MRI measures of white (n = 33 292) or gray matter (n = 51 665). We did not detect any significant genetic correlation between any type of common epilepsy and any of 280 measures of gray matter, white matter, or subcortical structures. These results suggest that there are distinct genetic bases underlying risk of common epilepsy and for structural brain measures. This would imply that the genetic basis of normal structural brain variation is unrelated to that of common epilepsy. Structural changes in epilepsy could rather be the consequence of epilepsy, its comorbidities, or its treatment, offering a cumulative record of disease.
Emerging ideas. Filial piety, substance use, adverse childhood experiences, and parental support: An intergenerational perspective
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Perle Isabella , Foran Heather M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to test the validity of the dual filial piety model in Austria and examine how the reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety interplay with familial factors and one's tobacco and alcohol use.BackgroundFamilial influences on substance use have been identified. Being conceptualized as a Chinese construct, research on filial piety and its interplay with substance use is insufficient in Western populations.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional survey including filial piety, familial variables, psychopathy traits, and alcohol use, we collected data from 201 Austrian community members (63.0% female; Mage = 35.15 years). Another age‐stratified random sample with 202 Austrians was also subsequently recruited to replicate the original findings. Multiple correlational analyses and confirmatory structural equation modeling were utilized on both samples, separately.ResultsThe dual filial piety model was found as a robust construct in both samples, with an acceptable scalability (Cronbach's α > .70). Although filial piety was unassociated with substance use, earlier experiences and psychopathy traits both showed consistent correlations with substance use. Un‐directional network analysis among variables further revealed an association between ever smoking experience and adverse childhood experiences, which was replicated in the second sample.ConclusionsThis study highlights the utility of filial piety in non‐Eastern populations. Filial piety was associated with substance use in one sample, but more research from family and developmental psychology is needed given its close relationships with childhood aversive experiences and remembered parental support.
Temperature, productivity, and habitat characteristics collectively drive lake food web structure
Authors: Leclerc Camille , Reynaud Nathalie , Danis Pierre‐Alain , Moatar Florentina , Daufresne Martin , Argillier Christine , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Verneaux Valérie , Dedieu Nicolas , Frossard Victor , Sentis Arnaud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile many efforts have been devoted to understand variations in food web structure among terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the environmental factors influencing food web structure at large spatial scales remain hardly explored. Here, we compiled biodiversity inventories to infer food web structure of 67 French lakes using an allometric niche‐based model and tested how environmental variables (temperature, productivity, and habitat) influence them. By applying a multivariate analysis on 20 metrics of food web topology, we found that food web structural variations are represented by two distinct complementary and independent structural descriptors. The first is related to the overall trophic diversity, whereas the second is related to the vertical structure. Interestingly, the trophic diversity descriptor was mostly explained by habitat size (26.7% of total deviance explained) and habitat complexity (20.1%) followed by productivity (dissolved organic carbon: 16.4%; nitrate: 9.1%) and thermal variations (10.7%). Regarding the vertical structure descriptor, it was mostly explained by water thermal seasonality (39.0% of total deviance explained) and habitat depth (31.9%) followed by habitat complexity (8.5%) and size (5.5%) as well as annual mean temperature (5.6%). Overall, we found that temperature, productivity, and habitat characteristics collectively shape lake food web structure. We also found that intermediate levels of productivity, high levels of temperature (mean and seasonality), as well as large habitats are associated with the largest and most complex food webs. Our findings, therefore, highlight the importance of focusing on these three components especially in the context of global change, as significant structural changes in aquatic food webs could be expected under increased temperature, pollution, and habitat alterations.
Influence of dividend tax policy tied to investment horizon on stock price stability: Evidence from the 2015 dividend tax reform in China
Authors: Guo Nianzhi , Sun Ping‐Wen , Xiao Huiqin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine how the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon enforced on September 8, 2015, influences stock price stability in China's A‐share market. As the new dividend tax policy waives the tax on cash dividends for investors holding a stock for more than a year, it encourages long‐term investment behavior. From 2013 to 2017, we find that stock turnover, return volatility, and turnover volatility decrease after the policy enforcement, especially for stocks with high dividend yields. This result shows that dividend tax reforms increase investors' stock investment horizons and help stabilize the market. However, our findings demonstrate that stock crash risk increases after policy enforcement. Further analysis shows that earnings management through real activities manipulation for stocks with a higher dividend yield contributes to an increase in stock crash risk. Therefore, one externality of the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon is that top managers of firms with a higher dividend yield may take advantage of investors' passive longer‐term investment behavior and engage in more earnings management. This result suggests that regulatory agencies should pay attention to top managers' earnings management behavior after enacting policies that encourage long‐term investment.
Pressureless sintering of dual‐phase, high‐entropy boride–carbide ceramics
Authors: Smith Steven M. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Greg E. , Huang Tieshu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDual‐phase, high‐entropy boride–carbide ceramics were densified by pressureless sintering. Relative densities up to approximately 96% were obtained for ceramics containing about 30 vol% high‐entropy boride and 70 vol% high‐entropy carbide. Isostatic pressing at 200 MPa resulted in higher relative densities of both the green bodies and final ceramics compared to uniaxial pressing. The highest relative density of 96.3% was achieved for a ceramic that was isostatically pressed at 200 MPa and sintered at 2300°C for 2 h. Grain sizes of the resulting ceramics were approximately 2 µm. This is the first report of pressureless sintering of dual‐phase, high‐entropy boride–carbide ceramics.
Driving reactive nitrogen emissions in China: Competition between scale and efficiency
Authors: Huang Yunfeng , Cui Shenghui , Gao Bing , Huang Wei , Han Shuangying , Hu Yuanchao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions aggravate air and water pollution across the world. The factors influencing Nr emissions have not been clearly uncovered, especially for regions under rapid economic growth. Here we modeled total Nr emissions in mainland China and analyzed factors driving their growth during the decade (2000–2010) of fastest socioeconomic development. Results show that total Nr emissions increased from 24.9 terrogram (Tg) to 35.2 Tg, a 41.7% increase with an average annual growth rate of 3.5%. Agricultural activities, including crop planting and livestock and poultry breeding, together took a substantial but decreasing share, from 75.2% in 2000 to 61.4% in 2010. Industrial wastewater discharge, energy use, and crop production are the three largest sources contributing to the Nr emissions growth. Factors related to scale (e.g., the amount of industrial energy use) led to a growth in Nr emissions, and factors related to efficiency (e.g., industrial energy use per unit of economic output) contributed to reduction. The decreasing effect of efficiency gains, however, was still unable to overcome the increasing effect of the activity scale. More in‐depth research studies on mitigation strategies are required, to inform the decoupling between socioeconomic development and Nr emissions.
The β‐adrenergic hypothesis of synaptic and microglial impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Shaomin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease originating partly from amyloid β protein‐induced synaptic failure. As damaging of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) occurs at the prodromal stage of AD, activation of adrenergic receptors could serve as the first line of defense against the onset of the disease. Activation of β2‐ARs strengthens long‐term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic activity, thus improving learning and memory. Physical stimulation of animals exposed to an enriched environment (EE) leads to the activation of β2‐ARs and prevents synaptic dysfunction. EE also suppresses neuroinflammation, suggesting that β2‐AR agonists may play a neuroprotective role. The β2‐AR agonists used for respiratory diseases have been shown to have an anti‐inflammatory effect. Epidemiological studies further support the beneficial effects of β2‐AR agonists on several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, I propose that β2‐AR agonists may provide therapeutic value in combination with novel treatments for AD.image
MED13L and its disease‐associated variants influence the dendritic development of cerebral cortical neurons in the mammalian brain
Authors: Hamada Nanako , Iwamoto Ikuko , Nagata Koh‐ichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mediator complex comprises multiple subcellular subunits that collectively function as a molecular interface between RNA polymerase II and gene‐specific transcription factors. Recently, genetic variants to one subunit of the complex, known as MED13L (mediator complex subunit 13 like), have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability and distinct facial features, frequently accompanied by congenital heart defects. We investigated the impact of five disease‐associated MED13L variants on the subcellular localization and biochemical stability of MED13L protein in vitro and in vivo. In overexpression assays using cortical neurons from embryonic mouse cerebral cortices transduced by in utero electroporation‐mediated gene transfer, we found that mouse orthologues of human MED13L‐p.P866L and ‐p.T2162M missense variants accumulated in the nucleus, while the p.S2163L and p.S2177Y variants were diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, we found that the p.Q1922* truncation variant was barely detectable in transduced cells, a phenotype reminiscent of this variant that results in MED13L haploinsufficiency in humans. Next, we analyzed these variants for their effects on neuronal migration, dendritic growth, spine morphology, and axon elongation of cortical neurons in vivo. There, we found that overexpression of the p.P866L variant resulted in reduced number and length of dendrites of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we show that mMED13L‐knockdown abrogated dendritic growth in vivo, and this effect was significantly rescued by co‐electroporation of an RNAi‐resistant mMED13L, but weakly by the p.T2162M variant, and not at all by the p.S2163L variant. However, overexpression of the p.S2163L variant inhibited mature dendritic spine formation in vivo. Expression of each of the 5 variants did not affect neuronal cell migration and callosal axon elongation in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MED13L expression is relevant to corticogenesis and influences the dendritic branching characteristics of cortical excitatory neurons. Our study also suggests that disease‐associated MED13L variants may directly cause morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons in different ways.image
The impact of the global COVID‐19 pandemic on risk factors for suicide in healthcare workers: A narrative review
Authors: Zohn Jennifer H. , Hovis Sophia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Worldwide, over 700,000 people die by suicide each year. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to suicide risk factors than the general population. The global COVID‐19 pandemic presents additional workplace and health concerns that relate to suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. It is important to recognise suicide risk factors in healthcare workers and to implement strategies to reduce these risk factors.ObjectivesThis study describes the impact of the global COVID‐19 pandemic on risk factors for suicide in healthcare workers and identifies evidence‐based strategies and resources to reduce suicide risk factors in healthcare workers.DesignThe authors conducted a thematic analysis and narrative review of the literature.MethodsUsing health science databases, the authors searched the literature, selected and analyzed studies, identified themes, synthesised findings and created a narrative review. The STROBE checklist was used in this study.ResultsTwo themes were identified (1) The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on work‐related suicide risk factors in healthcare workers; (2) The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health‐related suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. The pandemic has affected suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. Many studies discussed evidence‐based strategies and resources that can be used to reduce suicide risk factors.ConclusionThe global COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. It is time for individuals and healthcare delivery systems to implement suicide risk prevention strategies to protect healthcare workers now and in the future.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis review increases awareness of the pandemic's impact on healthcare workers' risk factors for suicide and identifies evidence‐based suicide risk prevention strategies and resources for healthcare workers.Patient or Public ContributionLibrary services supported this research by generating search strategies and providing resources and tools.