bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of impaired glucose tolerance and its correlates in females of reproductive age in urban slums of Lahore, 2019
Authors: Haqiq Filza , Imdaad Seema , Mustafa Tajammal , Ata-ur-Rahman  , Farooq Umar , Fatima Maryam , Rana Tasneem F. , Anwer Javaria 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has almost reached global epidemic proportions. Fortunately, the progress of the disease can be stemmed at the prediabetic level. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and its predictors in females of reproductive age in the urban slums of Lahore.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among females of reproductive age in the slums of metropolitan Lahore. The calculated sample size was 384. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic variables, lifestyle, medical, and dietary history. The oral GT test was carried out on the study participants after a 10 hour overnight fasting. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). Frequency distributions and percentages were calculated for categorical variables, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, was used to determine the association between IGT and various categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of IGT after adjusting for confounders.

RESULTS:
The final sample size was 394 women; 17% of whom had IGT, and 8.6% had newly diagnosed diabetics. Results of logistic regression showed increased waist/hip ratio, lower literacy of father or husband, age, and low intake of pulses as significant predictors of IGT (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The frequency of IGT is high in females of reproductive age living in the urban slums of Lahore. There is a need for targeted health promotion and educational activities to improve the health and social conditions of slum dwellers.
Distant learning and primary school teacher burnout: Assessing the effect during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2021
Authors: Altwaim Najlaa M. , Kadi Mai S. , Alfakeh Solhi A. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Teaching is indeed a very stressful occupation. Owing to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, certain changes were made in education in Saudi Arabia. A switch to a 100% distant learning in some courses was implemented, thereby increasing the burden on teachers. The aim of this study was to assess the level of burnout and the impact of distant learning on burnout in primary school teachers during the pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study recruited 295 primary school teachers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire having two parts: the first part included questions on sociodemographic charecteristics and the second part included questions related to distant learning and the Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Chi-square test was used to assess association between burnout and various factors. For comparison of mean scores by various factors, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed.

RESULTS:
A high level of burnout was perceived by 48.4% of the teachers in the dimension of emotional exhaustion, 26.4% in the depersonalization dimension, and 60% in the reduced personal accomplishment dimension. Teachers in the public school showed a higher burnout score than teachers in the private schools. The teachers in 40–50 age group had higher scores than the teachers with other age groups. There were no significant differences in terms of gender and years of experience. A higher proportion of teachers working in private schools had higher personal accomplishment than teachers working in Government schools (P = 0.01). Regarding personal accomplishment and depersonalization subscales, there were differences between the different types of schools. The teachers who believed “distance/E-learning was difficult” had lower personal accomplishment score.

CONCLUSION:
According to the study, primary teachers in Jeddah suffer from burnout. More programs should be implemented to deal with teacher burnout and more research focusing on these groups should be done.
Risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome in patients attending the primary care center of a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A case–control study
Authors: Alendijani Yaser A. , Abaalkhail Bahaa A. , Binsaeedu Abdullah S. , Alandijani Asim A. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity, is known to be a multi-factorial disease that raises medical and nonmedical risk factors. The aim of the current study was to determine the risk factors of CTS in patients attending the primary care center at a tertiary hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A case–control study was conducted by reviewing all medical records of patients above the age of 18 years old diagnosed with CTS from 2015 to 2021. The selected cases were evaluated by physical examination and confirmed by a nerve conduction study. Cases and controls were matched by age, gender, and nationality, with a case-to-control ratio of 1:2. Odds ratios were calculated for association between carpel tunnel syndrome and various factors and Chi-sqauare test determined statistical significance. Multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounding.

RESULTS:
The study recruited 144 cases with a mean age of 53.38 ± 12.20 years and 288 controls with a mean age of 53.80 ± 12.27 years. The majority of subjects were female (84.7%) and of Saudi nationality (68.3%). There was a significant difference in body mass index, employment status, number of years of employment, occupation, mean systolic blood pressure, mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and mean blood urea level between cases and controls (P < 0.05). Laboratory tests that were found to be significantly associated with CTS in univariate analysis were thyroid-stimulating hormone (crude odds ratio [COR] = 0.828) and urea level (COR = 0.802). In fully adjusted analyses, obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.080), chronic kidney disease (AOR = 3.629), and the use of corticosteroid (AOR = 0.470) were also significantly associated with CTS.

CONCLUSION:
Similar to the findings of other studies, this study identified several potential risk factors for CTS. More large-scale longitudinal studies are required to establish a precise causal association.
Sleep, chronotype, and quality of life of shift duty workers in tertiary care center of Saurashtra
Authors: Chanpa Nirav B , Kadavala Bhavinkumar N , Kumar Parveen , Patel Dhruvkumar S , Patel Niranjan L , Tiwari Deepak S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Insomnia in shift work has been associated with impairment in health and social life and poor quality of life among shift workers.

Aims and Objective:
The study aimed to assess insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers and to find an association among insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers of a tertiary care center in Saurashtra.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 nursing shift duty workers. Consented participants with at least one-night duty per week were included in our study. A semistructured proforma containing basic demographic details and scales such as ‘Insomnia Severity Index’ (ISI), ‘Composite Scale of Morningness,’ and ‘world health organization quality of life’ were distributed among all participants. Associations were examined by using t test and Chi-square test.

Results:
The prevalence of insomnia was 42.66% in this study. A total of 27.33% of participants were having mild insomnia, whereas 15.33% were having moderate-to-severe insomnia. Insomnia severity was statistically significantly associated with needle stick injury (p = 0.003) and years of shift work (0.031). Insomnia severity had been significantly associated with the chronotype of participants, negative but statistically significant correlation was found between the ISI score and mean score of all four domains of world health organization quality of life.

Conclusion:
Insomnia in shift work has been associated with evening chronotype and poorer quality of life of shift workers. Therefore, the management of insomnia is important for a better quality of life for shift workers. Participants with insomnia are more prone to needle stick injury during work.
Clinicopathological Analysis of Fungal Lesions with Unique Presentations in Immunocompetent Adults – A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North Karnataka
Authors: Masgal Meenakshi , Patil Anuradha G. , Sutradhar Debarghya , Mahanta Anita A. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Fungal infections are mostly an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and posttraumatic in immunocompetent adults. However, there has been a recent increasing trend of cases among immunocompetent adults with no history of trauma. Very few case series describing the clinicopathological picture of prevalent fungi are available from the various regions of India.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study aims to analyze clinicopathological features of various cases of fungal etiology with unique or rare presentations.

Materials and Methods:
This study included a clinicopathological analysis of surgical specimens received for histopathological examination at our hospital with special emphasis on cases with rare or unique presentations during the 1-year period from June 2019 to June 2020.

Results:
A total of 11 cases of fungal lesions with rare or unique clinicopathological presentations were selected for analysis. Majority of the patients were male, and most of them were from a rural background. There were four cases of aspergillosis, two cases of fungal keratitis, one case of renal aspergillosis, and one case of a subcutaneous swelling with discharging sinus. There were three cases of chromoblastomycosis, which presented as subcutaneous swellings with no lesion of overlying skin. There was an incidental finding of Candida sp. in two esophageal endoscopic biopsies, which primarily revealed esophageal adenocarcinoma. There was one case each of eumycetoma and mucormycosis. However, the mucormycosis case occurred in the setting of fungal abscess with osteomyelitis of the left mandible.

Conclusion:
Fungal lesions have revealed an increasing trend of infections in immunocompetent individuals in recent years, with various unique clinicopathological presentations. Therefore, there is a need for increased vigilance and analysis of such cases.
Awareness, Attitude, and Practice About Basic Life Support Among Dental Students
Authors: Bansal Savita , Gupta Jigyasa , Singhla Juhi , Harit Kadambari , Ragesvari Kajasai , Jain Manya 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
A medical emergency can be described as a sudden onset of serious illness or injury requiring immediate medical attention otherwise it can put a patient's health in serious jeopardy, often referred to as a situation risking “life or limb.” It is thus imperative that dental students are competent enough to administer basic life support (BLS) to manage emergencies which can occur anywhere and anytime.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception among dental students of Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, about BLS. A total of 177 students participated in the study. The respondents were provided with a prevalidated, self-administered questionnaire which comprised 23 closed-ended questions about knowledge, three questions about attitude, and five questions about practice of BLS. The questionnaire was administered in an online mode using Google Forms.

Results:
The results showed that majority of students lacked adequate knowledge about BLS protocol. The average score of 177 respondents was 7.8/23 points which is significantly low.

Discussion:
Life-threatening medical emergencies can occur at any time. There have been reports of Cardiopulmonary Arrest (CPA) and deaths in dental clinics. Therefore, it is crucial for dental practitioners to have adequate knowledge about BLS or CAB consisting of (C) circulation, (B) breathing, and (A) airway opening.

Conclusion:
The dental students lack adequate knowledge to perform BLS procedures with ease and confidence. However, they had a positive attitude toward it.
Automated Complete Blood Count Profile as a Probable Indicator of Dengue Fever Severity in Children
Authors: Majumdar Arijit , Kumar Abhisek , Biswas Soumali 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Dengue is now endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries. Ninety percent of dengue hemorrhagic fever occurs in children <15 years of age. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia near the end of the febrile phase are the common findings in dengue fever.

Aims and Objectives:
(1) To see any significant correlations between various hematological parameters with severity of dengue and (2) to see the shift in the values (increase/decrease) of platelet indices in dengue patients.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty patients admitted either with laboratory report of seropositive dengue or with dengue-like symptoms and who were found to be dengue positive after admission were included in the study. Complete hemogram including platelet indices was evaluated by an automated cell counter. Clinical examinations were performed in detail with special reference to the presence of warning signs such as vomiting, lethargy, pain abdomen, bleeding, and ascites.

Results:
Total leukocyte count, platelet distribution width, and mean platelet volume were not significantly different in patients with warning signs from those without it. The level of mean hematocrit was significantly higher and the mean plateletcrit was significantly lower in dengue with warning signs.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous measurement of complete blood count and platelet indices can provide us a valid instrument for the measurement of dengue disease severity and an insight into the potential etiology that resulted in change in platelet indices.
Effects of Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretch Technique on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in Recreational Athletes
Authors: Dinesh D. , Sudhakar S. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
The most common muscle injury in sports is the hamstring muscle. It needs long rehabilitation and has a great possibility of recurrence as it has a great tendency to shorten. Stretching is the treatment used to improve muscular flexibility, thereby increasing range of motion, and the study prevents sports injuries and athletic performance.

Aim of Study:
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch technique on the flexibility of the hamstring among recreational athletes.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty healthy recreational athletes were divided into two groups MET and PNF for 4 weeks – 5 sessions/week.

Outcome Measures:
The Modified Back Saver's Sit and Reach Test was the outcome measure.

Statistical Tool:
The Student t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Conclusion:
There was a significant difference seen in the PNF stretch technique and hamstring flexibility with the use of the MET.
Epidemiological Aspects of Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and the Role of p16INK4a Immunohistochemistry in Their Diagnosis
Authors: Ogbu Christian C , Ndukwe Chinedu O , Chiemeka Michael E , Madubuike Kingsley C , Ukah Cornelius O 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
There is a high burden of cervical cancer in our environment. Most patients present late when the prognosis is guarded. Hence, accurate diagnosis of preinvasive lesions from cervical biopsies is important for clinical decision and patient management. Therefore, the use of immunohistochemistry in most difficult cases is paramount and justifies the study. The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression and diagnostic role of p16INK4a Immunohistochemistry in preinvasive cervical lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The paraffin blocks of all histologically diagnosed preinvasive and normal/reactive lesions of the cervix seen in two histopathology laboratories in Nnewi: Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital and Pathocon Specialist Clinic and Research Institute over a 10-year retrospective period (2011–2020) were retrieved from the archives. Fresh h and e slides were produced and reviewed for diagnostic consistency and a consensus diagnosis rendered for each case. The cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry using p16INK4a monoclonal antibodies.

Results:
A total of 402 cervical biopsies were seen in the records of both facilities. Ninety of them were noninvasive lesions (62 preinvasive lesions and 28 normal/reactive lesions). Thus, the prevalence of preinvasive lesions in this study was 15.4% (62/402). However, 51 cases met our inclusion criteria. The consensus H and E diagnosis consists of 15 normal/reactive, 12 low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 24 hIL. The diagnosis using immunohistochemistry consisted of 23 normal/reactive (45.1%), 6 LSIL (11.8%), and 22 hIL (43.1%). The age range of the patients was 34–80 years. The mean and median ages were 49.7 and 47 years respectively. The peak ages for LSIL and high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 41–60 years and 51–60 years, respectively. Only 21.5% (ca in situ-3.9% and squamous intraepithelial lesion-17.6) of the patients were biopsied on account of preinvasive cervical lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a in the diagnosis of HSIL were 75% and 85%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between the diagnosis before and after the application of p16INK4a (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of preinvasive lesions in our environment. Majority of the preinvasive lesions were incidental findings. Immunohistochemistry using p16INK4a is a very useful adjunct to H and E for diagnosing preinvasive cervical lesions, especially in challenging cases.
Correlation between Transverse Abdominis Muscle Endurance and Body Mass Index Among College Students
Authors: Patel Gayatri H , Chitte Sonali J , Bhagat Camy Anilkumar , Bhura Paras Abhesinh 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
From among the core muscles (local and global), transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) is controlled independently as compared to the other trunk muscles. It creates a belt around the abdomen. “Abdominal draw-in” of the abdomen creates isolated activation of the TrA. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. Low endurance of inner core muscles is one of the risk factors for mechanical low back pain. Studies say that high BMI is a risk factor for low back pain. This study aims to assess the TrA muscle endurance and BMI to determine the correlation between the two parameters.

Purpose:
The objective of the study is to find the correlation between BMI and transverse abdominis endurance among KPGU Physiotherapy College students.

Materials and Methods:
In this correlation study, 30 college students were selected by convenience sampling method on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. BMI of all participants was calculated. Transverse abdominis muscle endurance was assessed using pressure biofeedback/sphygmomanometer.

Results:
Results showed a significant negative correlation between TrA endurance and BMI (Pearson's correlation test; r = −0.45 at P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study concluded that students with higher BMI have low TrA endurance.
Association of D-Dimer and Lipid Biomarkers with Preeclampsia and Their Role in Prediction from a Rural Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Jhansi K , Harsoda J M 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Preeclampsia affects 5%–7% of all pregnancies globally and is the leading cause of maternal and fetal death and morbidity. The mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are unclear. Preeclampsia is characterized as hypertension with or without proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy and is associated with endothelial dysfunction, systemic vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intrauterine growth restriction, and multiorgan dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 women were divided into two groups: 60 women without PE (control group) and 60 women with PE in a prospective observational case–control study conducted in a rural tertiary care setting in India. This study was done from January 2019 to December 2019, after approval from the local ethical committee. Women with singleton pregnancy either primiparous or multiparous, aged between18 and 40 years were included in both case and control groups.

Results:
The participants in this study ranged in age from 18 to 38 years old, with an average age of 26.38 ± 4.38 years. The average age of the women in the case group was 26.42 + 3.92 years, while the average age of the women in the control group was 27.38 ± 4.52 years. Most of the patients were between the ages of 31 and 40 (51.67%) years. The mean gestational age in the case group was 26.60 ± 2.19 weeks, while it was 26.73 ± 2.39 weeks in the control group.

Conclusion:
Early screening of pregnant women for high D-dimer levels and lipid profile can play a significant role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of both mother and fetus.
Internet Addiction and Its Impact on Mental Health among Dental Students, Belagavi
Authors: Bhattarai Shubhechchha , Angolkar Mubashir , Chate S. S. , Dhagavkar Pooja S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Internet dependence ordinarily alludes to a person's powerlessness to control their utilization of the Internet (counting any online-related, impulsive, or compulsive conduct), which finally leads to one's stamped trouble and practical debilitation in everyday life. The signs and indications of Internet Addiction Disorder can be seen in both physical and psychological (emotional) appearances. Few psychological symptoms include: Sadness, nervousness, disconnection, sensation of blame, mindset swings, depression, dread, and so forth.

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of Internet addiction and its impact on mental health among dental students of Belagavi city.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 168 dental students of age 17-25 years of Belagavi city. Students were selected using convenient sampling method and data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire. The ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics committee JNMC Belagavi. Written consent was obtained from participants before collecting data which was analyzed in SPSS version 22.

Results:
The percentage of the normal use of Internet and potential addiction of Internet was 83.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Internet addiction was not associated with depression. But was significantly associated with anxiety, stress, and insomnia.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of potential Internet addiction among dental students is 16.7%. Hence, it becomes necessary to not only address the Internet addiction among dental students but also the mental issues related to it.