bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupled Indian Summer Monsoon Intensity and Effective Moisture Since the Last Glaciation in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Tingwei , Yang Xiaoqiang , Peng Jie , Zhou Qixian , Toney Jaime , Liu Huiyang , Xie Yixuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEffective moisture (EM) distribution in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region is strongly related to regional topography. An understanding of climate change and the interactions between climate variables can help predict future climate variations. Here, we reconstruct a stack EM record for Southwest China over the past 90 kyr using environmental magnetism in lake sediment. The EM in Southwest China at the orbital scale was closely linked to precession‐induced change in North Hemisphere solar insolation, as well as the ISM variability. However, at the glacial‐interglacial scale, it was decoupled with ISM intensity, being wetter during glacial periods (weakened ISM) and drier during interglacial periods (enhanced ISM). Combined with modern meteorological observations, we suggest that the topographical barrier effect and temperature induced dryness are responsible for the decoupling between ISM intensity and EM. The terrestrial topography and temperature strongly influence EM distribution by altering the dynamics of onshore airflow and evapotranspiration.
Pre‐Industrial (1750–1850 CE) Cold Season Warmth in Northeastern China
Authors: Yao Yuan , Wang Lu , Huang Yongsong , Liang Jie , Vachula Richard S. , Cai Yanjun , Cheng Hai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContrary to global warming projections, northern mid‐latitude continents have suffered from an increased frequency of unusually cold winters during the last few decades. However, a lack of longer‐term cold‐season temperature records from mid‐latitudes hampers our understanding of the forcing mechanisms of this temperature variability. Here we report a Group 1 alkenone‐based high‐resolution record of cold‐season temperatures extending to the pre‐industrial era (since 1700 CE) from Lake Luming in northeastern China. By comparing with the instrumental and historical records in the region, we verify the high efficacy of Group 1 alkenones as recorders of cold‐season temperature variability. Our record shows pre‐industrial warmth between 1750 and 1850 CE relative to anthropogenic industrial period (since 1850 CE), which is largely driven by variability of the Arctic Oscillation, with a negligible contribution from anthropogenic greenhouse‐gas forcing. Our results highlight the importance of internal atmospheric circulation in driving cold‐season temperatures in northeastern China.
Multi‐Scale Ionospheric Poynting Fluxes Using Ground and Space‐Based Observations
Authors: Billett D. D. , McWilliams K. A. , Ponomarenko P. V. , Martin C. J. , Knudsen D. J. , Vines S. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThree events are presented where high‐resolution measurements from the Swarm satellites coincided with excellent F‐region ionospheric coverage from The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Large‐scale ionospheric convection patterns from SuperDARN, together with field‐aligned‐current patterns from he Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Response Experiment (AMPERE), provide information on quasi‐static ionospheric dynamics traversed by Swarm. Because the Swarm observations and orbital path coincided with favorable SuperDARN/AMPERE observing conditions, it was possible to filter the Swarm electric field observations into a quasi‐static component that agreed with the SuperDARN electric field. The residual electric field from Swarm is thus indicative of small‐ and mesoscale dynamics not captured by the convection and field‐aligned current (FAC) patterns. Calculations of the Poynting flux between the different instruments show that dynamics on small‐to mesoscales can be highly variable within structures like FACs. In the events shown, small‐ and medium‐scale Poynting fluxes occasionally dominate over those from large‐scale processes.
Soft monolithic infrared neural interface for simultaneous neurostimulation and electrophysiology
Authors: Meneghetti Marcello , Kaur Jaspreet , Sui Kunyang , Sørensen Jakob F. , Berg Rune W. , Markos Christos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractControlling neuronal activity using implantable neural interfaces constitutes an important tool to understand and develop novel strategies against brain diseases. Infrared neurostimulation is a promising alternative to optogenetics for controlling the neuronal circuitry with high spatial resolution. However, bi-directional interfaces capable of simultaneously delivering infrared light and recording electrical signals from the brain with minimal inflammation have not yet been reported. Here, we have developed a soft fibre-based device using high-performance polymers which are >100-fold softer than conventional silica glass used in standard optical fibres. The developed implant is capable of stimulating the brain activity in localized cortical domains by delivering laser pulses in the 2 μm spectral region while recording electrophysiological signals. Action and local field potentials were recorded in vivo from the motor cortex and hippocampus in acute and chronic settings, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of the brain tissue indicated insignificant inflammatory response to the infrared pulses while the signal-to-noise ratio of recordings still remained high. Our neural interface constitutes a step forward in expanding infrared neurostimulation as a versatile approach for fundamental research and clinically translatable therapies.
Six-year experience of Australia’s first dedicated cancer of unknown primary clinic
Authors: van Mourik Arielle , Tonkin-Hill Gina , O’Farrell John , Waller Shohei , Tan Lavinia , Tothill Richard W. , Bowtell David , Fox Stephen , Fellowes Andrew , Fedele Clare , Schofield Penelope , Sivakumaran Tharani , Wong Hui-Li , Mileshkin Linda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis and management of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) remain challenging. This study examines the referral patterns, management and outcomes of patients referred to Australia’s first dedicated CUP clinic.

Methods
Retrospective medical record review was conducted for patients seen at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre CUP clinic between July 2014 and August 2020. Overall survival (OS) was analysed for patients with a CUP diagnosis where treatment information was available.

Results
Of 361 patients referred, fewer than half had completed diagnostic work-up at the time of referral. A diagnosis of CUP was established in 137 (38%), malignancy other than CUP in 177 (49%) and benign pathology in 36 (10%) patients. Genomic testing was successfully completed in 62% of patients with initial provisional CUP and impacted management in 32% by identifying a tissue of origin or actionable genomic alteration. The use of site-specific, targeted therapy or immunotherapy was independently associated with longer OS compared to empirical chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Our specialised CUP clinic facilitated diagnostic work-up among patients with suspected malignancy and provided access to genomic testing and clinical trials for patients with a CUP diagnosis, all of which are important to improve outcomes in this patient population.
What do women think about having received their breast cancer risk as part of a risk-stratified NHS Breast Screening Programme? A qualitative study
Authors: McWilliams Lorna , Ruane Helen , Ulph Fiona , Woof Victoria G. , Harrison Fiona , Evans D. Gareth , French David P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Risk-stratified screening is being considered for national breast screening programmes. It is unclear how women experience risk-stratified screening and receipt of breast cancer risk information in real time. This study aimed to explore the psychological impact of undergoing risk-stratified screening within England’s NHS Breast Screening Programme.

Methods
Individual telephone interviews were conducted with 40 women who participated in the BC-Predict study and received a letter indicating their estimated breast cancer risk as one of four risk categories: low (<2% 10-year risk), average (2–4.99%), above average (moderate; 5–7.99%) or high (≥8%). Audio-recorded interview transcriptions were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Two themes were produced: ‘From risk expectations to what’s my future health story?’ highlights that women overall valued the opportunity to receive risk estimates; however, when these were discordant with perceived risk, this causes temporary distress or rejection of the information. ‘Being a good (woman) citizen’ where women felt positive contributing to society but may feel judged if they then cannot exert agency over the management of their risk or access follow-up support

Conclusions
Risk-stratified breast screening was generally accepted without causing long-lasting distress; however, issues related to risk communication and access to care pathways need to be considered for implementation.
Longitudinal prospective cohort study evaluating prognosis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients with and without comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Thaller Mark , Homer Victoria , Sassani Matilde , Mollan Susan P. , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are hyperandrogenic metabolic disorders that affect women of reproductive age living with obesity. The previously reported prevalence of comorbid PCOS in IIH patients is highly variable and the longitudinal impact on visual and headache outcomes are unknown.

Methods
In this prospective longitudinal cohort study patients were identified from the IIH: Life database over a nine-year period (2012–2021). Data collected included demographics and PCOS questionnaire data. Key visual and detailed headache outcomes were recorded. We analysed the key variables for influential outcomes of vision and headache. Logistical regression methods were used to model long term visual and headache outcomes.

Results
Overall 398 women with IIH and documented PCOS questionnaires were followed up for a median of 10 months (range 0–87). Prevalence of PCOS in IIH was 20% (78/398) diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria. Patients with IIH and comorbid PCOS reported higher self-reported fertility problems (3.2-fold increased risk) and increased need for medical help in becoming pregnant (4.4-fold increased risk). Comorbid PCOS in IIH patients does not adversely impact long-term vision or headache outcomes. The headache burden was high in both cohorts studied.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that comorbid PCOS in IIH is common (20%). Diagnosing comorbid PCOS is important as it can impact on fertility and is known to have long-term adverse cardiovascular risks. Our data suggest that a diagnosis of PCOS in those with IIH does not significantly exacerbate long-term vision or headache prognosis.
Is an image-based eyelid management service safe and effective?
Authors: Gillam Matthew , Younus Osman , Loo Shi-Pei , Connolly Julie , Cauchi Paul , Gregory Marilena , Drummond Suzy , Chadha Vikas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic created a requirement for reduced patient contact and reduced capacity in clinics. We previously published results of an Image-Based Eyelid Lesion Management Service (IBELMS) which was found non-inferior to traditional face-to-face clinic at diagnosing lesions and identifying eyelid malignancies. We now present first-year safety and efficacy data from this service.

Methods
Data were collected retrospectively on all patients seen in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde eyelid photography clinics from 30th September 2020 to 29th September 2021, including referral source and diagnosis, time to clinic review, treatment and patient outcomes.

Results
808 patients were included in the study. Chalazion was the most common diagnoses recorded (38.4%). There was a statistically significant decrease in mean time from referral to appointment time between the first 4 months and last 4 months of the service (93 days to 22 days, p ≤ 0.0001). 266 (33%) of patients were discharged following photographs, 45 (6%) were discharged for non-attendance and 371 (46%) were booked for a minor procedure. 13 biopsy-confirmed malignant lesions were identified; only 3 had been referred as suspected malignancy. 23 patients out of 330 with at least 6 months follow up (7%) were re-referred within 6 months of treatment or discharge; however, none of them with a missed periocular malignancy.

Discussion
Eyelid photography clinics effectively reduce patient waiting times and maximise clinic capacity. They accurately identify eyelid lesions including malignancies with a low re-referral rate. We propose that an image-based service for eyelid lesions is a safe and effective way of managing such patients.
Single-cell analysis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma reveals cytological and immune microenvironment features
Authors: Zhao Weizhu , Jia Yanfei , Sun Guangyu , Yang Haiying , Liu Luguang , Qu Xianlin , Ding Jishuang , Yu Hang , Xu Botao , Zhao Siwei , Xing Ligang , Chai Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is a special subtype of gastric cancer (GC) associated with poor prognosis, but an in-depth and systematic study of GSRC is lacking. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing to assess GC samples. We identify signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) cells. Microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB) can be used as a marker gene to guide the identification of moderately/poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). The upregulated differentially expressed genes in SRCC cells are mainly enriched in abnormally activated cancer-related signalling pathways and immune response signalling pathways. SRCC cells are also significantly enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase and oestrogen signalling pathways, which can interact and promote each other in a positive feedback loop. SRCC cells are shown to have lower cell adhesion and higher immune evasion capabilities as well as an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may be closely associated with the relatively poor prognosis of GSRC. In summary, GSRC exhibits unique cytological characteristics and a unique immune microenvironment, which may be advantageous for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Phospholipase D3 degrades mitochondrial DNA to regulate nucleotide signaling and APP metabolism
Authors: Van Acker Zoë P. , Perdok Anika , Hellemans Ruben , North Katherine , Vorsters Inge , Cappel Cedric , Dehairs Jonas , Swinnen Johannes V. , Sannerud Ragna , Bretou Marine , Damme Markus , Annaert Wim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhospholipase D3 (PLD3) polymorphisms are linked to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Being a lysosomal 5’-3’ exonuclease, its neuronal substrates remained unknown as well as how a defective lysosomal nucleotide catabolism connects to AD-proteinopathy. We identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a major physiological substrate and show its manifest build-up in lysosomes of PLD3-defective cells. mtDNA accretion creates a degradative (proteolytic) bottleneck that presents at the ultrastructural level as a marked abundance of multilamellar bodies, often containing mitochondrial remnants, which correlates with increased PINK1-dependent mitophagy. Lysosomal leakage of mtDNA to the cytosol activates cGAS–STING signaling that upregulates autophagy and induces amyloid precursor C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) and cholesterol accumulation. STING inhibition largely normalizes APP-CTF levels, whereas an APP knockout in PLD3-deficient backgrounds lowers STING activation and normalizes cholesterol biosynthesis. Collectively, we demonstrate molecular cross-talks through feedforward loops between lysosomal nucleotide turnover, cGAS-STING and APP metabolism that, when dysregulated, result in neuronal endolysosomal demise as observed in LOAD.
Trogocytic molting of T cell microvilli upregulates T cell receptor surface expression and promotes clonal expansion
Authors: Park Jeong-Su , Kim Jun-Hyeong , Soh Won-Chang , Kim Na-Young , Lee Kyung-Sik , Kim Chang-Hyun , Chung Ik-Joo , Lee Sunjae , Kim Hye-Ran , Jun Chang-Duk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough T cell activation is known to involve the internalization of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), much less is known regarding the release of TCRs following T cell interaction with cognate antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we examine the physiological mechanisms underlying TCR release following T cell activation. We show that T cell activation results in the shedding of TCRs in T cell microvilli, which involves a combined process of trogocytosis and enzymatic vesiculation, leading to the loss of membrane TCRs and microvilli-associated proteins and lipids. Surprisingly, unlike TCR internalization, this event results in the rapid upregulation of surface TCR expression and metabolic reprogramming of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis to support cell division and survival. These results demonstrate that TCRs are lost through trogocytic ‘molting’ following T cell activation and highlight this mechanism as an important regulator of clonal expansion.
Lithium crystallization at solid interfaces
Authors: Yang Menghao , Liu Yunsheng , Mo Yifei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the electrochemical deposition of metal anodes is critical for high-energy rechargeable batteries, among which solid-state lithium metal batteries have attracted extensive interest. A long-standing open question is how electrochemically deposited lithium-ions at the interfaces with the solid-electrolytes crystalize into lithium metal. Here, using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we study and reveal the atomistic pathways and energy barriers of lithium crystallization at the solid interfaces. In contrast to the conventional understanding, lithium crystallization takes multi-step pathways mediated by interfacial lithium atoms with disordered and random-closed-packed configurations as intermediate steps, which give rise to the energy barrier of crystallization. This understanding of multi-step crystallization pathways extends the applicability of Ostwald’s step rule to interfacial atom states, and enables a rational strategy for lower-barrier crystallization by promoting favorable interfacial atom states as intermediate steps through interfacial engineering. Our findings open rationally guided avenues of interfacial engineering for facilitating the crystallization in metal electrodes for solid-state batteries and can be generally applicable for fast crystal growth.
Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits
Authors: Redchenko Elena S. , Poshakinskiy Alexander V. , Sett Riya , Žemlička Martin , Poddubny Alexander N. , Fink Johannes M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.
Liquid biopsy for brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Morganti Stefania , Parsons Heather A. , Lin Nancy U. , Grinshpun Albert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA significant subset of patients with metastatic breast cancer develops brain metastasis. As efficacy of systemic therapies has improved and patients live longer with metastatic breast cancer, the incidence of breast cancer brain metastases has increased. Brain metastases pose a clinical challenge in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring across all breast cancer subtypes, and better tools are needed. Liquid biopsy, which enables minimally invasive sampling of a patient’s cancer, has the potential to shed light on intra-cranial tumor biology and to improve patient care by enabling therapy tailoring. Here we review current evidence for the clinical validity of liquid biopsy in patients with breast cancer brain metastases, with a focus on circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA.
Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach unveils biochemical changes in compound probiotic fermented milk during fermentation
Authors: Sun Yaru , Guo Shuai , Wu Ting , Zhang Jingwen , Kwok Lai-Yu , Sun Zhihong , Zhang Heping , Wang Jicheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProbiotic functional products have drawn wide attention because of their increasing popularity. However, few studies have analyzed probiotic-specific metabolism in the fermentation process. This study applied UPLC-QE-MS-based metabolomics to track changes in the milk metabolomes in the course of fermentation by two probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-01 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis B8589. We observed substantial changes in the probiotic fermented milk metabolome between 0 and 36 h of fermentation, and the differences between the milk metabolomes at the interim period (36 h and 60 h) and the ripening stage (60 h and 72 h) were less obvious. A number of time point-specific differential metabolites were identified, mainly belonging to organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Nine of the identified differential metabolites are linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. The contents of pyruvic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and capric acid increased at the end of fermentation, which can contribute to the nutritional quality and functional properties of the probiotic fermented milk. This time-course metabolomics study analyzed probiotic-specific fermentative changes in milk, providing detailed information of probiotic metabolism in a milk matrix and the potential beneficial mechanism of probiotic fermented milk.