bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The silent impact of underground climate change on civil infrastructure
Authors: Rotta Loria Alessandro F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUrban areas increasingly suffer from subsurface heat islands: an underground climate change responsible for environmental, public health, and transportation issues. Soils, rocks, and construction materials deform under the influence of temperature variations and excessive deformations can affect the performance of civil infrastructure. Here I explore if ground deformations caused by subsurface heat islands might affect civil infrastructure. The Chicago Loop district is used as a case study. A 3-D computer model informed by data collected via a network of temperature sensors is used to characterize the ground temperature variations, deformations, and displacements caused by underground climate change. These deformations and displacements are significant and, on a case-by-case basis, may be incompatible with the operational requirements of civil structures. Therefore, the impact of underground climate change on civil infrastructure should be considered in future urban planning strategies to avoid possible structural damage and malfunction. Overall, this work suggests that underground climate change can represent a silent hazard for civil infrastructure in the Chicago Loop and other urban areas worldwide, but also an opportunity to reutilize or minimize waste heat in the ground.
Climate change to drive increasing overlap between Pacific tuna fisheries and emerging deep-sea mining industry
Authors: Amon Diva J. , Palacios-Abrantes Juliano , Drazen Jeffrey C. , Lily Hannah , Nathan Neil , van der Grient Jesse M. A. , McCauley Douglas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, various legal regimes and governance structures result in diffused responsibility and create challenges for management. Here we show those challenges are set to expand with climate change driving increasing overlap between eastern Pacific tuna fisheries and the emerging industry of deep-sea mining. Climate models suggest that tuna distributions will shift in the coming decades. Within the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the Pacific Ocean, a region containing 1.1 million km2 of deep-sea mining exploration contracts, the total biomass for bigeye, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna species are forecasted to increase relative to today under two tested climate-change scenarios. Percentage increases are 10–11% for bigeye, 30–31% for skipjack, and 23% for yellowfin. The interactions between mining, fish populations, and climate change are complex and unknown. However, these projected increases in overlap indicate that the potential for conflict and resultant environmental and economic repercussions will be exacerbated in a climate-altered ocean. This has implications for the holistic and sustainable management of this area, with pathways suggested for closing these critical gaps.
Attention mechanism based bidirectional LSTM model for broadband power amplifier linearization
Authors: Su Rina , Wang Jiacheng , Xu Gaoming , Liu Taijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a novel digital predistortion (DPD) model for broadband power amplifier (PA) linearization is proposed, namely Attention Mechanism based Bidirectional Long Short‐term Memory Network (AM‐BiLSTM) model. In order to verify the linearization performance of the AM‐BiLSTM model in digital predistortion process, a 100 MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (5G NR) signal is employed to test a sub‐6G PA operating at 2.6‐GHz. The experimental results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the PA with AM‐BiLSTM model can be improved by 24 dB which is 6 dB and 3 dB better than the generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model and the Chebyshev polynomials LSTM (CP‐LSTM) model in ref [1], repspectively. Therefore, the proposed AM‐BiLSTM model is very effective for the DPD linearization of broadband PAs.
Modulating sparks in a pulse train for repetitive and energy efficient plasma generation
Authors: Yin Bo , Zhu Yifei , Wu Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpark is a widely studied plasma source for active species production; however, it experiences unstable transitions (e.g. to a thermal arc) at high frequencies or long pulse durations. In this study, the sparks generated in a pulse train were studied and modulated based on a physics‐corrected deep learning method. Our results show that a highly repeatable and stable spark plasma source can be achieved by automatically adjusting the voltage amplitude according to the discharge frequency in a high‐frequency pulse train within the time scale of the fluid response. The influences of the electron number density increasing mode and modulated driven voltage profiles on the energy efficiencies were also studied.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq and bulk RNA‐seq explore the prognostic value of exhausted T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Miao Yandong , Yang Lixia , Ha Wuhua , Li Zheng , Mi Denghai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a worldwide health problem. Mounting evidence indicates that exhausted T cells play a critical role in the progress and treatment of HCC. Therefore, a detailed characterisation of exhausted T cells and their clinical significance warrants further investigation in HCC. Based on the GSE146115, we presented a comprehensive single‐cell Atlas in HCC. Pseudo‐time analysis revealed that tumour heterogeneity progressively increased, and the exhausted T cells gradually appeared during tumour progression. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the evolutionary process of exhausted T cells mainly contained the pathway of cadherin binding, proteasome, cell cycle, and T cell receptor regulation of apoptosis. In the International Cancer Genome Consortium database, we divided patients into three clusters with the T cell evolution‐associated genes. We found that the exhausted T cells are significantly related to poor outcomes through immunity and survival analysis. In The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the authors enrolled weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, univariate Cox analysis, and Lasso Cox analysis, then screened the 19 core genes in T cells evolution and built a robust prognostic model. This study offers a fresh view on evaluating the patients' outcomes from an exhausted T cells perspective and might help clinicians develop therapeutic systems.
Variations in the intermediate wind region of the blue supergiant 55 Cygni
Authors: Cidale L. S. , Haucke M. , Arias M. L. , Kraus M. , Campuzano Castro F. , Venero R. O. J. , Mercanti L. , Curé M. , Granada A. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The quantitative near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic synthesis is an important technique for determining wind properties of massive stars. The Brα line is an excellent mass-loss tracer and provides valuable information on the physical conditions of intermediate-wind regions. The knowledge of the wind properties gained by studying the NIR lines could provide extra ingredients to the theory of line-driven winds, mainly because the standard theory does not predict observed properties of blue supergiants, such as high values for the β parameter (β> 2), low terminal velocities, and mass-loss variability.
Aims. We seek to enhance our understanding of the wind properties of B supergiants. To this end, we propose analysing their NIR spectra over different epochs to study wind variability and its connection with phenomena arising from regions close to the photosphere.
Methods. We present the first sets of multi-epoch high-resolution K- and L-band spectra of 55 Cyg acquired with the Gemini Near-InfraRed Spectrograph (GNIRS). We measured line equivalent widths and modelled the Brα line to derive (unclumped) mass-loss rates. Synthetic line profiles were computed for a homogeneous spherical wind by solving the radiative transfer equations in the co-moving frame for a multi-level atom in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE).
Results. We observe variations in the spectral lines originating in the upper photosphere and the wind. The perturbations, on average, have periods of ~13 and ~23 days; the latter is similar to that found previously from optical data (22.5 days). The NIR lines observed in 2013 are described with the same wind structure used to model a quasi-simultaneous observation in Hα. By contrast, from observations taken in 2015, we derived a higher mean mass-loss rate. Variations in the mass-loss rate are also detected within a few weeks. Interestingly, we find that the profile shape of the Hu14 line sets constraints on the mass loss. Moreover, we find the Mg II doublet in emission, which suggests a tenuous circumstellar gas ring or shell.
Conclusions. The variability detected in the NIR H emission lines of 55 Cyg is related to changes in the mass-loss rate, which doubled its value between 2013 and 2015. Furthermore, the short-term variability (within three weeks) in the spectral lines and mass loss supports the hypothesis of strange-mode oscillations. This pilot project demonstrates the importance of comprehensive monitoring of blue supergiants’ variability to deeply understand the physical properties of their stellar winds and the role of pulsations in recurrently enhancing mass loss.
Simulating the LOcal Web (SLOW)
Authors: Dolag Klaus , Sorce Jenny G. , Pilipenko Sergey , Hernández-Martínez Elena , Valentini Milena , Gottlöber Stefan , Aghanim Nabila , Khabibullin Ildar 
Published: July 2023

Context.Several observations of the Local Universe point toward the existence of very prominent structures: massive galaxy clusters and local superclusters on the one hand, but also large local voids and underdensities on the other. However, it is highly nontrivial to connect such different observational selected tracers to the underlying dark matter (DM) distribution.Aims.Therefore, constructing mock catalogs of such observable tracers using cosmological hydrodynamics simulations is needed. These simulations have to follow galaxy formation physics and also have to be constrained to reproduce the Local Universe. Such constraints should be based on observables that directly probe the full underlying gravitational field, such as the observed peculiar velocity field, to provide an independent test on the robustness of these distinctive structures.Methods.We used a 500h−1Mpc constrained simulation of the Local Universe to investigate the anomalies in the local density field, as found in observations. Constructing the initial conditions based on peculiar velocities derived from the CosmicFlows-2 catalog makes the predictions of the simulations completely independent from the distribution of the observed tracer population, and following galaxy formation physics directly in the hydrodynamics simulations also allows the comparison to be based directly on the stellar masses of galaxies or X-ray luminosity of clusters. We also used the 2668h−1Mpc large cosmological box from the Magneticum simulations to evaluate the frequency of finding such anomalies in random patches within simulations.Results.We demonstrate that halos and galaxies in our constrained simulation trace the local dark matter density field very differently. Thus, this simulation reproduces the observed 50% underdensity of galaxy clusters and groups within the sphere of ≈100 Mpc when applying the same mass or X-ray luminosity limit used in the observed cluster sample (CLASSIX), which is consistent with a ≈1.5σfeature. At the same time, the simulation reproduces the observed overdensity of massive galaxy clusters within the same sphere, which on its own also corresponds to a ≈1.5σfeature. Interestingly, we find that only 44 out of 15 635 random realizations (i.e., 0.28%) match both anomalies, thus making the Local Universe a ≈3σenvironment. We finally compared a mock galaxy catalog with the observed distribution of galaxies in the Local Universe, finding a match to the observed factor of 2 overdensity at ∼16 Mpc as well as the observed 15% underdensity at ∼40 Mpc.Conclusions.Constrained simulations of the Local Universe which reproduce the main features of the local density field open a new window for local field cosmology, where the imprint of the specific density field and the impact on the bias through the observational specific tracers can be investigated in detail.
A Bayesian estimation of the Milky Way’s circular velocity curve using Gaia DR3
Authors: Põder Sven , Benito María , Pata Joosep , Kipper Rain , Ramler Heleri , Hütsi Gert , Kolka Indrek , Thomas Guillaume F. 
Published: July 2023

Aims. Our goal is to calculate the circular velocity curve of the Milky Way, along with corresponding uncertainties that quantify various sources of systematic uncertainty in a self-consistent manner.
Methods. The observed rotational velocities are described as circular velocities minus the asymmetric drift. The latter is described by the radial axisymmetric Jeans equation. We thus reconstruct the circular velocity curve between Galactocentric distances from 5 kpc to 14 kpc using a Bayesian inference approach. The estimated error bars quantify uncertainties in the Sun’s Galactocentric distance and the spatial-kinematic morphology of the tracer stars. As tracers, we used a sample of roughly 0.6 million stars on the red giant branch stars with six-dimensional phase-space coordinates from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). More than 99% of the sample is confined to a quarter of the stellar disc with mean radial, rotational, and vertical velocity dispersions of (35 ± 18) km s−1, (25 ± 13) km s−1, and (19 ± 9) km s−1, respectively.
Results. We find a circular velocity curve with a slope of 0.4 ± 0.6 km s−1 kpc−1, which is consistent with a flat curve within the uncertainties. We further estimate a circular velocity at the Sun’s position of vc(R0) = 233 ± 7 km s−1 and that a region in the Sun’s vicinity, characterised by a physical length scale of ∼1 kpc, moves with a bulk motion of VLSR = 7 ± 7 km s−1. Finally, we estimate that the dark matter (DM) mass within 14 kpc is log10 MDM(R < 14kpc)/ M⊙
=(11.2+2.0-2.3) and the local spherically averaged DM density is ρDM(RO)=(0.41+0.10-0.09)
GeV cm-3 = (0.011+0.003-0.002) M⊙pc-3. In addition, the effect of biased distance estimates on our results is assessed.
Estimating the selection function of Gaia DR3 subsamples
Authors: Castro-Ginard Alfred , Brown Anthony G. A. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Zuzanna , Cantat-Gaudin Tristan , Drimmel Ronald , Oh Semyeong , Belokurov Vasily , Casey Andrew R. , Fouesneau Morgan , Khanna Shourya , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: July 2023

Context. Understanding the intricacies behind the presence and absence of sources in an astronomical catalogue is crucial for the accurate interpretation of astronomical data. In particular, for the multi-dimensional Gaia data, filters and cuts on different parameters or measurements introduce a selection function that may unintentionally alter scientific conclusions in subtle ways.
Aims. We aim to develop a methodology to estimate the selection function for different subsamples of stars in the Gaia catalogue.
Methods. Comparing the number of stars in a given subsample to that in the overall Gaia catalogue provides an estimate of the subsample membership probability as a function of sky position, magnitude, and colour. The method used to make this estimate must differentiate the stochastic absence of subsample stars from selection effects. When multiplied with the overall Gaia catalogue selection function, this provides the total selection function of the subsample.
Results. We present our new method for estimating the selection function by applying it to the sources in Gaia DR3 with heliocentric radial velocity measurements. We also compute the selection function for the stars in the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus sample, confirming that the apparent asymmetry of its debris across the sky is merely caused by selection effects.
Conclusions. The method we have developed estimates the selection function of the stars present in a subsample of Gaia data, given that the subsample is completely contained in the Gaia parent catalogue (for which the selection function is known). This tool is made available in a GaiaUnlimited Python package.
KMT-2022-BLG-0475Lb and KMT-2022-BLG-1480Lb: Microlensing ice giants detected via the non-caustic-crossing channel
Authors: Han Cheongho , Lee Chung-Uk , Bond Ian A. , Zang Weicheng , Chung Sun-Ju , Albrow Michael D. , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yang Hongjing , Yee Jennifer C. , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Mao Shude , Zhu Wei , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hamada Ryusei , Hirao Yuki , Ishitani Silva Stela , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Toda Taiga , Tomoyoshi Mio , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Yamashita Kansuke 
Published: July 2023

Aims. We investigate the microlensing data collected in the 2022 season from high-cadence microlensing surveys in order to find weak signals produced by planetary companions to lenses.
Methods. From these searches, we find that two lensing events, KMT-2022-BLG-0475 and KMT-2022-BLG-1480, exhibit weak short-term anomalies. From a detailed modeling of the lensing light curves, we determine that the anomalies are produced by planetary companions with a mass ratio to the primary of q ~ 1.8 × 10−4 for KMT-2022-BLG-0475L and q ~ 4.3 × 10−4 for KMT-2022-BLG-1480L.
Results. We estimate that the host and planet masses and the projected planet-host separation are (Mh/M⊙, Mp/MU, a⊥/au) = (0.43−0.23+0.35, 1.73−0.92+1.42, 2.03−0.38+0.25) for KMT-2022-BLG-0475L and (0.18−0.09+0.16, 1.82−0.92+1.60, 1.22−0.14+0.15) for KMT-2022-BLG-1480L, where MU denotes the mass of Uranus. The two planetary systems have some characteristics in common: the primaries of the lenses are early-mid M dwarfs that lie in the Galactic bulge, and the companions are ice giants that lie beyond the snow lines of the planetary systems.
Morbidity of Repeat Cesarean Delivery after a Trial of Labor as Compared with Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Markovic Emily S. , Fox Nathan S. 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate if a secondary repeat cesarean after a trial of labor (TOLAC) without uterine rupture is associated with increased morbidity as compared with a scheduled elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD).
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of repeat cesarean delivery (CD) in a single obstetrical practice between 2005 and 2022. Patients were included if they had a singleton pregnancy at term with one prior CD and had a repeat CD this pregnancy resulting in live birth. Patients were excluded if they had a prior myomectomy, more than one prior CD, uterine rupture in a prior or current pregnancy, or placenta previa in this pregnancy. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients who had a repeat cesarean after TOLAC and ERCD. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal morbidity that included hysterectomy, blood transfusion, cystotomy, bowel injury, intensive care unit admission, thrombosis, reoperation, or maternal mortality.
Results A total of 930 women met inclusion criteria. A total of 176 (18.9%) patients intended to labor and 754 (81.1%) planned an ERCD. There was no difference in the primary outcome between patients with a repeat cesarean after TOLAC compared with patients with ERCD (2.8 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.158). Patients with repeat cesarean after labor had significantly more 1-minute Apgar scores less than 7, but no difference in 5-minute Apgar scores. We were powered to detect a difference in the primary outcome from 1.2% in the ERCD group to 3.3% in the repeat cesarean after labor group. Results did not differ when we analyzed patients who intended to TOLAC versus patients who actually labored prior CD.
Conclusion For women with one prior CD the morbidity of repeat cesarean after labor is not more than the morbidity of planned repeat CD. Our study can be helpful in delivery planning counseling for patients with one prior CD.
Key Points
Chemistry, biochemistry and clinical relevance of the glutamine metabolite α-ketoglutaramate/2-hydroxy-5-oxoproline
Authors: Denton Travis T. , Cooper Arthur J. L. 
Published: July 2023

In the glutaminase II pathway (which we now refer to as the glutamine transaminase-ω-amidase (GTωA) pathway), l-glutamine is transaminated to α-ketoglutaramate (KGM), which, in turn, is hydrolyzed to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia by an enzyme known as ω-amidase. Despite the fact that the GTωA pathway was discovered more than 70 years ago, and is widespread in nature, the pathway has received limited attention. This is partly due to the broad amino acid/α-keto acid specificity of the glutamine transaminases, which has led to confusion over nomenclature and in assigning precise biological roles. Secondly, the α-keto acid product of glutamine transaminases – KGM – has not, until recently, become available in pure form. Here, we briefly discuss the metabolic importance of the GTωA pathway in microorganisms, plants and mammals. We pay special attention to the chemistry of KGM and methods for its synthesis. We discuss the importance of KGM as a biomarker for hyperammonemic diseases. We provide evidence that the GTωA pathway satisfies, in part, ‘glutamine addiction’ in a variety of cancer cells. We show that the anti-cancer drugs 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine and l-azaserine are transaminase and β-lyase substrates of glutamine transaminase K, respectively. We suggest that there is a pressing need for the development of: (1) inexpensive and scaled-up procedures for the synthesis of KGM to facilitate research on the biological importance of the GTωA pathway in mammalian and human tissues and in agricultural research; and (2) potent and selective inhibitors of ω-amidase, both as anti-cancer agents and as a means for investigating the detailed enzyme mechanism.
Effects of quantum fluctuations on macroscopic quantum tunneling and self-trapping of a BEC in a double-well trap
Authors: Kh Abdullaev Fatkhulla , Galimzyanov Ravil M , Shermakhmatov Akbar M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the influence of quantum fluctuations (QFs) on the macroscopic quantum tunneling and self-trapping (ST) of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate in a double-well trap. QFs are described by the Lee–Huang–Yang (LHY) term in the modified Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation. Employing the modified GP equation in a scalar approximation, we derive a dimer model using a two-mode approximation. The frequencies of Josephson oscillations and ST conditions under QFs are found analytically and proven by numerical simulations of the modified GP equation. The tunneling and localization phenomena are also investigated for the case of the LHY fluid loaded in a double-well potential.