bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing of Gallium Nitride Thin Films in a Multi-Wafer MOCVD Reactor
Authors: Jumaah Omar Dhannoon , Jaluria Yogesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGallium nitride (GaN) thin films have attracted considerable attention for manufacturing optical and electronic devices. They have wide bandgap and superb performance in these applications. The reliability and durability of optoelectronic devices depend on the quality of the GaN thin films. The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process is a common manufacturing technique for fabricating high-quality thin films. By manipulating the operating conditions and the reactor design, one can control the deposition rate and the uniformity of the thin film. In this paper, the manufacturing process for GaN thin films in a multi-wafer MOCVD reactor is simulated based on the three-dimensional computational model of an experimental system which provides data for validation as well as realistic design parameters. The reactor pressure and the flow rate of the precursor, trimethyl-gallium (TMG), significantly affect the deposition rate and film uniformity. The incursion of impurities in the deposition can be reduced by increasing the volumetric ratio of NH3 to TMG (V/III) and reducing the reactor pressure. The deposition rate and quality of the thin film are enhanced using an appropriate mixture of H2 and N2 as the carrier gas. The design of the inlet can also be varied to improve the utilization of metal-organic precursors and increase the deposition rate. This paper presents and discusses results on these aspects for this important manufacturing process. Thus, it leads to a better understanding of the basic mechanisms involved and provides guidelines for obtaining high deposition rates with high film quality in practical chemical vapor deposition reactors.
Validation of an Analytical Model for the Acoustic Impedance Eduction of Multicavity Resonant Liners by a High-Fidelity Large Eddy Simulation Approach
Authors: Giaccherini Simone , Pinelli Lorenzo , Marconcini Michele , Pacciani Roberto , Arnone Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The massive growth of the air traffic during the last years is leading to stricter limitations on the noise emission levels radiated from aircraft engines. To face this issue, the installation of acoustic liners on the intake duct and the exhaust nozzles is a common strategy adopted to properly abate noise emissions coming from the fan, the compressor, the turbine, and the jet. In this context, the aim of the present article is to use high-fidelity large Eddy simulation (LES) to validate a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) extension of the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and double-degree-of-freedom (DDOF) analytical model provided by Hersh for impedance eduction of acoustic liners. First, the results of the original Hersh model are compared with LES calculations performed with the openfoam suite on a single-orifice and single-cavity layout (SDOF). Then the extension of the Hersh model to multicavity (MDOF) geometries by using a recursive formulation is presented. Finally, high-fidelity simulations are carried out for single-orifice and multicavity (MDOF) configurations to validate the method extension and to understand how resonant coupling and acoustic impedance are affected by multicavity resonant elements. The excellent agreement between the high-fidelity results and the analytical predictions for the single-cavity pattern confirms that the Hersh model is a useful formulation for a preliminary design of a SDOF acoustic liner. The model extension to MDOF configurations enables the designers to broaden the design space, and thus, a validated analytical method is strictly necessary to perform sensitivity studies to the multicavity geometrical parameters (i.e., facesheet thickness, cavities depth, porosity). Basically, a multicavity configuration makes the liner element resonate at different frequencies, leading to multiple absorption peaks in the audible range. In this way, the acoustic performance of the liner is extended to a wider frequency range, overcoming the limitations of a traditional SDOF configuration.
Fuzzy Logic Control-Based Charge/Discharge Equalization Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Tiezhou , Xu Feng , Xu Siyun , Sun Shu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this article, a grouping equalization circuit based on the single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) circuit is proposed, which can transfer energy between any single cell or grouped cells. Compared with the traditional equalization circuits that transfer energy between adjacent cells, the SEPIC circuit can directly connect any two batteries that need to be equalized; the number of circuit equalization paths is calculated based on a directed graph and then used as a basis for grouping the batteries to improve the equalization efficiency. In the charging or discharging condition, the amount of charge remaining in the battery to be charged or discharged is used as the control variable for equalization, and intragroup equalization is completed before intergroup equalization starts. To ensure the equalization efficiency of the battery, the equalization current is controlled by fuzzy logic control (FLC). Taking ten single cells as an example based on the calculation of the number of equalization paths, two 5-cell groups can be confirmed as the optimal solution. Experiments were performed on matlab/simulink simulation platform, and the results show that compared with the traditional adjacent inductance equalization circuit, the equalization circuit proposed earlier reduces the time needed for equalization by 35.8%; compared with the traditional average difference method, in charging and discharging conditions, the FLC algorithm saves times by 20.5% and 31.3%, respectively, and energy loss is reduced by 9.1% and 5.5%, respectively, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme.
Multiphysics Simulations of Microwave Induced Damage Applied to Rock Samples of Varying Strength and Absorptivity
Authors: Allen J. B. , Patel R. R. , Taylor O.-D. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, we show the development of a numerical model to investigate the 3D interactions between microwave radiation and basalt, granite, and sandstone rock samples. In particular, we assign sample heterogeneity based on the Weibull statistical distribution, and invoke a damage model for elemental tensile and compressive stresses based on the maximum tensile stress and the Mohr–Coulomb theories, respectively. Model implementation is facilitated by the use of comsol for use in coupling the electromagnetic, thermal, and solid displacement relations. Various parametric studies are conducted related to variable input power and waveguide port alignment, with model validation conducted with respect to damage resulting from a uniaxial compression test. The results indicate that relatively high induced temperatures will promote damage potential, but its impact must be placed within the context of the sample strength to quantify the true potential damage evolution of a given rock mass. As observed herein, a mechanically weaker rock may be prone to mechanical damage; however, it may also possess a relatively large relative permittivity, enabling it to absorb the least amount of microwave radiation thus yielding comparatively low overall damage profiles compared to a more mechanically competent rock mass.
Turbulent Anisotropy and Length Scale Variation Over Multiple Shaped Structure
Authors: Raushan Pankaj Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Debnath Koustuv 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe turbulent flow characteristics over bed-mounted three different cubical shape bluff bodies are examined experimentally in the water channel facility. The steady and fluctuating flow fields are investigated to analyze the effect of corner radius and shapes of the bluff body on turbulent flow structure, particularly in the wake region. It is found that the sharp corner region significantly impacts the flow separation and alters the characteristics of the shear-layer flow. In particular, the relatively suitable change in geometry resulted in a remarkable variation of the mean flow in the wake is observed. The anisotropic nature of flow is analyzed using the turbulence triangle for the different cubical structures. The variation of the turbulent length scales is presented in the near- and far-wake regions of the submerged obstacles.
Plio-Pleistocene deep-sea ventilation in the eastern Pacific and potential linkages with Northern Hemisphere glaciation
Authors: Yi Liang , Medina-Elizalde Martín , Tan Liangcheng , Kemp David B. , Li Yanzhen , Kletetschka Gunther , Xie Qiang , Yao Huiqiang , He Huaiyu , Deng Chenglong , Ogg James G. 
Published: February 2023

Antarctic bottom water (AABW) production is a key factor governing global ocean circulation, and the present disintegration of the Antarctic Ice Sheet slows it. However, its long-term variability has not been well documented. On the basis of high-resolution chemical scanning of a well-dated marine ferromanganese nodule from the eastern Pacific, we derive a record of abyssal ventilation spanning the past 4.7 million years and evaluate its linkage to AABW formation over this period. We find that abyssal ventilation was relatively weak in the early Pliocene and persistently intensified from 3.4 million years ago onward. Seven episodes of markedly reduced ocean ventilation indicative of AABW formation collapse are identified since the late Pliocene, which were accompanied by key stages of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. We suggest that the interpolar climate synchronization within these inferred seven collapse events may have intensified global glaciation by inducing poleward moisture transport in the Northern Hemisphere.
High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer
Authors: Yu Zi-Di , Lu Yang , Wang Zi-Yuan , Un Hio-Ieng , Zelewski Szymon J. , Cui Ying , You Hao-Yang , Liu Yi , Xie Ke-Feng , Yao Ze-Fan , He Yu-Cheng , Wang Jie-Yu , Hu Wen-Bing , Sirringhaus Henning , Pei Jian 
Published: February 2023

The charge transport properties of conjugated polymers are commonly limited by the energetic disorder. Recently, several amorphous conjugated polymers with planar backbone conformations and low energetic disorder have been investigated for applications in field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. However, there is a lack of strategy to finely tune the interchain π-π contacts of these polymers that severely restricts the energetic disorder of interchain charge transport. Here, we demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve excellent conductivity and thermoelectric performance in polymers based on thiophene-fused benzodifurandione oligo(
p
-phenylenevinylene) through reducing the crystallization rate of side chains and, in this way, carefully controlling the degree of interchain π-π contacts. N-type (p-type) conductivities of more than 100 S cm
−1
(400 S cm
−1
) and power factors of more than 200 μW m
−1
K
−2
(100 μW m
−1
K
−2
) were achieved within a single polymer doped by different dopants. It further demonstrated the state-of-the-art power output of the first flexible single-polymer thermoelectric generator.
Micro-PIXE and micro-IBIL characterization of lapis lazuli samples from Myanmar mines and implications for provenance study
Authors: Guidorzi Laura , Re Alessandro , Magalini Marta , Angelici Debora , Borghi Alessandro , Vaggelli Gloria , Fantino Fulvio , Rigato Valentino , La Torre Leonardo , Lemasson Quentin , Pacheco Claire , Pichon Laurent , Moignard Brice , Lo Giudice Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe provenance of raw lapis lazuli used since the Neolithic Age for the realization of carved artefacts can be pivoting for the reconstruction of ancient trade routes. The role of main provider of this material in ancient times is generally attributed to the Badakhshan quarries (Afghanistan), although other deposits could have been exploited as well since antiquity. The systematic multi-technique analysis of lapis lazuli rocks coming from four known source areas (located in present-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Siberia and Chile) has led in the last years to the compilation of a protocol for provenance determination. The protocol is based on differences in the physical–chemical properties measured with non-invasive techniques (Ion Beam Analysis (IBA)), making it suitable also for precious ancient artefacts. In this work, 10 new reference samples from the Mogok quarry (Myanmar), previously subjected to a complete petrographic and mineralogical characterization, have been analysed employing $$\mu$$
μ
-PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) and $$\mu$$
μ
-IBIL (Ion Beam Induced Luminescence) techniques. The subdivision of Myanmar samples into three groups, previously suggested, is corroborated by diopside trace elements concentrations. The results also allow to include Myanmar as a new provenance in the analytical protocol, indicating that provenance markers such as presence/absence of wollastonite, altered pyrites and Sr content are still valid to discriminate also the Myanmar lapis lazuli from Chilean or Siberian ones. New weaker markers (Zn content in diopside, Se and Cu contents in pyrite) are proposed for the discrimination of Myanmar from Afghan or Tajik provenances; however, from the analysis it arose the need of investigating new mineral phases with IBA to find strong markers for a definitive discrimination with samples from Southwest Asia.
Intelligent Edge Based Efficient Disease Diagnosis Using Optimization Based Deep Maxout Network
Authors: Ancy Breen W , Muthu Vijaya Pandian S 
Published: February 2023

The healthcare model is considered an imperative part of remote sensing of health. Finding the disease requires constant monitoring of patients’ health and the detection of diseases. In order to diagnose the disease utilizing an edge computing platform, this study develops a method called grey wolf invasive weed optimization-deep maxout network (GWIWO-DMN). The proposed GWIWO, which is developed by integrating invasive weed optimization (IWO) and grey wolf optimization (GWO), is used here to train the DMN. The distributed edge computing platform consists of four units, namely monitoring devices, first layer edge server, second layer edge server, and cloud server. The monitoring devices are used for accumulating patient information. The preprocessing and feature selection are performed in the first layer edge server. Here, the preprocessing is carried out using the exponential kernel function. The selection of features is done using Jaro–Winkler distance in the first layer edge server. Then, at the second layer edge server, clustering and classification are carried out using deep fuzzy clustering and DMN, respectively. The proposed GWIWO algorithm is used to do the DMN training. Finally, the cloud server processes the decision fusion. The proposed GWIWO-DMN outperformed with the highest true positive rate (TPR) of 89.2%, highest true negative rate (TNR) of 93.7%, and highest accuracy of 90.9%.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Racial and Ethnic Survival Disparities in Oral Cavity and Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Zhong Lydia , Puram Sidharth V. , Mazul Angela L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and laryngeal cancer are among the most common cancers worldwide. This study investigated survival in non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, Asian, and Hispanic patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer of low, intermediate, and high neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES).

Methods:
We used data from the SEER 18 Census Tract-level SES and Rurality Database of the National Cancer Institute to create cohorts of OCC and laryngeal cancer patients from 2013 to 2018. Univariate survival analysis was performed with Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank P values by nSES and then the cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES. We used Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariable analysis.

Results:
Higher nSES was associated with better OCC survival for NH White, NH Black, and Asian patients, and better laryngeal cancer survival for NH White, NH Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients. In the multivariable analyses of both OCC and laryngeal cancer survival, NH Black patients had worse survival than NH White patients in the high nSES tertile. NH Black patients with OCC were at higher risk of death than NH White patients at all nSES levels. Conversely, Asian patients with laryngeal cancer demonstrated better survival than other races within the high nSES.

Conclusions:
Overall survival differs between racial and ethnic groups of similar nSESs. These health disparities in patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer reflect broader inequities in the cancer control continuum.

Impact:
The cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES revealed disparities in the 5-year overall survival of patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer and highlights the importance of intersectionality in the discussion of health equity.
Rural, Large Town, and Urban Differences in Optimal Subspecialty Follow-up and Survivorship Care Plan Documentation among Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Noyd David H. , Janitz Amanda E. , Baker Ashley A. , Beasley William H. , Etzold Nancy C. , Kendrick David C. , Oeffinger Kevin C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Children with cancer from rural and nonurban areas face unique challenges. Health equity for this population requires attention to geographic disparities in optimal survivorship-focused care.

Methods:
The Oklahoma Childhood Cancer Survivor Cohort was based on all patients reported to the institutional cancer registry and ≤ 18 years old at diagnosis between January 1, 2005, and September 24, 2014. Suboptimal follow-up was defined as no completed oncology-related clinic visit five to 7 years after their initial diagnosis (survivors were 7–25 years old at end of the follow-up period). The primary predictor of interest was rurality.

Results:
Ninety-four (21%) of the 449 eligible survivors received suboptimal follow-up. There were significant differences (P = 0.01) as 36% of survivors from large towns (n = 28/78) compared with 21% (n = 20/95) and 17% (n = 46/276) of survivors from small town/isolated rural and urban areas received suboptimal follow-up, respectively. Forty-five percent of adolescents at diagnosis were not seen in the clinic compared with 17% of non-adolescents (P &lt; 0.01). An adjusted risk ratio of 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.5, 3.2) was observed for suboptimal follow-up among survivors from large towns, compared with survivors from urban areas. Seventy-three percent of survivors (n = 271/369) had a documented survivorship care plan with similar trends by rurality.

Conclusions:
Survivors from large towns and those who were adolescents at the time of diagnosis were more likely to receive suboptimal follow-up care compared with survivors from urban areas and those diagnosed younger than thirteen.

Impact:
Observed geographic disparities in survivorship care will inform interventions to promote equitable care for survivors from nonurban areas.
Targeting the Inducible T-cell Costimulator (ICOS) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory T-follicular Helper Phenotype Peripheral T-cell and Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Chavez Julio C. , Foss Francine M. , William Basem M. , Brammer Jonathan E. , Smith Sonali M. , Prica Anca , Zain Jasmine M. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Shah Harsh , Mehta-Shah Neha , Geethakumari Praveen Ramakrishnan , Wang Ben X. , Zantinge Stephanie , Wang Lisa , Zhang Ling , Boutrin Anmarie , Zhao Weiguang , Cheng Lily , Standifer Nathan , Hewitt Lisa , Enowtambong Enowmpey , Shao Weiping , Sharma Shringi , Carlesso Gianluca , Moscow Jeffrey A. , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Proliferation of T-follicular helper (TFH) CD4+ T cells is a postulated pathogenic mechanism for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHL). The inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) is highly expressed by TFH, representing a potential target. MEDI-570 is a monoclonal antibody against ICOS, which eliminates ICOS+ cells in preclinical models.

Patients and Methods:
We report the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical activity of MEDI-570 in T-NHL. NCI-9930 is a phase I, first-in-human study of MEDI-570 in relapsed/refractory malignant T-NHL known to express ICOS. MEDI-570 was administered intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 12 cycles. Primary endpoints were safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary and exploratory endpoints included efficacy parameters and various correlative studies. This study is supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCT02520791).

Results:
Twenty-three patients were enrolled and received MEDI-570 at five dose levels (0.01–3 mg/kg). Sixteen (70%) had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); median age was 67 years (29–86) and the median prior lines of therapies was 3 (1–16). Most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were decreased CD4+ T cells (57%), lymphopenia (22%), anemia (13%), and infusion-related reactions (9%). No DLTs were observed. The RP2D was determined at 3 mg/kg. Analysis of T-cell subsets showed reductions in CD4+ICOS+ T cells reflecting its effects on TFH cells. The response rate in AITL was 44%.

Conclusions:
MEDI-570 was well tolerated and showed promising clinical activity in refractory AITL. MEDI-570 resulted in sustained reduction of ICOS+ T lymphocytes.
IMiDs Augment CD3-Bispecific Antibody–Induced CD8+ T-Cell Cytotoxicity and Expansion by Enhancing IL2 Production
Authors: Li Ji , Slaga Dionysos , Johnston Jennifer , Junttila Teemu T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Although CD3-bispecific antibodies have shown promising activity in the treatment of hematological cancers, insufficient T-cell costimulation may limit long-term responses. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), routinely used in treating multiple myeloma, possess pleiotropic antimyeloma properties and have been described to enhance T-cell responses similar to costimulatory signaling and may therefore have synergistic effects when combined with T-cell bispecifics. In this report, we demonstrate that IMiDs substantially enhance tumor cell killing induced by CD3 bispecifics and increase CD8+ T-cell proliferation and expansion. We further show that the beneficial effects of IMiDs on T-cell function and expansion are mediated by enhanced IL2 production by CD4+ T cells. Our studies provide mechanistic insight into the costimulatory properties of IMiDs and support combination treatments with T-cell agonist therapies in a broad spectrum of indications.