bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six-Year Cognitive Trajectory in Older Adults Following Major Surgery and Delirium
Authors: Kunicki Zachary J. , Ngo Long H. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Tommet Douglas , Feng Yi , Fong Tamara G. , Schmitt Eva M. , Travison Thomas G. , Jones Richard N. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe study results suggest that delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older adults and is associated with poor outcomes, including long-term cognitive decline and incident dementia.ObjectiveTo examine the patterns and pace of cognitive decline up to 72 months (6 years) in a cohort of older adults following delirium.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study with long-term follow-up including 560 community-dwelling older adults (older than 70 years) in the ongoing Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study that began in 2010. The data were analyzed from 2021 to 2022.ExposureDevelopment of incident delirium following major elective surgery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDelirium was assessed daily during hospitalization using the Confusion Assessment Method, which was supplemented with medical record review. Cognitive performance using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was assessed preoperatively and across multiple points postoperatively to 72 months of follow-up. We evaluated longitudinal cognitive change using a composite measure of neuropsychological performance called the general cognitive performance (GCP), which is scaled so that 10 points on the GCP is equivalent to 1 population SD. Retest effects were adjusted using cognitive test results in a nonsurgical comparison group.ResultsThe 560 participants (326 women [58%]; mean [SD] age, 76.7 [5.2] years) provided a total of 2637 person-years of follow-up. One hundred thirty-four participants (24%) developed postoperative delirium. Cognitive change following surgery was complex: we found evidence for differences in acute, post–short-term, intermediate, and longer-term change from the time of surgery that were associated with the development of postoperative delirium. Long-term cognitive change, which was adjusted for practice and recovery effects, occurred at a pace of about −1.0 GCP units (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.9) per year (about 0.10 population SD units per year). Participants with delirium showed significantly faster long-term cognitive change with an additional −0.4 GCP units (95% CI, −0.1 to −0.7) or −1.4 units per year (about 0.14 population SD units per year).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that delirium was associated with a 40% acceleration in the slope of cognitive decline out to 72 months following elective surgery. Because this is an observational study, we cannot be sure whether delirium directly causes subsequent cognitive decline, or whether patients with preclinical brain disease are more likely to develop delirium. Future research is needed to understand the causal pathway between delirium and cognitive decline.
Biomimetic Hygroscopic Fibrous Membrane with Hierarchically Porous Structure for Rapid Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Xia Meng , Cai Dong , Feng Jianbo , Zhao Peng , Li Jiakai , Lv Rongxin , Li Guiqiu , Yan Lulu , Huang Wei , Li Yongpeng , Sui Zhuyin , Li Meng , Wu Hui , Shen Yijun , Xiao Juanxiu , Wang Dong , Chen Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSorption‐based atmospheric water generation (SAWG) is a promising strategy to alleviate the drinkable water scarcity of arid regions. However, the high‐water production efficiency remains challenging due to the sluggish sorption/desorption kinetics. Herein, a composite sorbent@biomimetic fibrous membrane (PPy‐COF@Trilayer‐LiCl) is reported by mimicking nature's Murray networks, which exhibits outstanding water uptake performance of 0.77–2.56 g g−1 at a wide range of relative humidity of 30%–80% within 50 min and fast water release capacity of over 95% adsorbed water that can be released within 10 min under one sun irradiation. The superior sorption–desorption kinetics of PPy‐COF@Trilayer‐LiCl are enabled by the novel hierarchically porous structure, which is also the critical factor to lead a directional rapid water transport and vapor diffusion. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a wearable SAWG device is established, which can operate 10 sorption–desorption cycles per day in the outdoor condition and produce a high yield of clean water reaching up to 3.91 kg m−2 day−1. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for developing advanced solar‐driven SAWG materials with efficient water sorption–desorption properties.
Improved In Situ Characterization of Electrochemical Interfaces Using Metasurface‐Driven Surface‐Enhanced IR Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Berger Luca M. , Duportal Malo , Menezes Leonardo de Souza , Cortés Emiliano , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas , Krischer Katharina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrocatalysis plays a crucial role in realizing the transition toward a zero‐carbon future, driving research directions from green hydrogen generation to carbon dioxide reduction. Surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) is a suitable method for investigating electrocatalytic processes because it can monitor with chemical specificity the mechanisms of the reactions. However, it remains difficult to detect many relevant aspects of electrochemical reactions such as short‐lived intermediates. Herein, an integrated nanophotonic‐electrochemical SEIRAS platform is developed and experimentally realized for the in situ investigation of molecular signal traces emerging during electrochemical experiments. A platinum nano‐slot metasurface featuring strongly enhanced electromagnetic near fields is implemented and spectrally targets the weak vibrational mode of the adsorbed carbon monoxide at ≈2033 cm−1. The metasurface‐driven resonances can be tuned over a broad range in the mid‐infrared spectrum and provide high molecular sensitivity. Compared to conventional unstructured platinum films, this nanophotonic‐electrochemical platform delivers a 27‐fold improvement of the experimentally detected characteristic absorption signals, enabling the detection of new species with weak signals, fast conversions, or low surface concentrations. By providing a deeper understanding of catalytic reactions, the nanophotonic‐electrochemical platform is anticipated to open exciting perspectives for electrochemical SEIRAS, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and other fields of chemistry such as photoelectrocatalysis.
A Unified Therapeutic–Prophylactic Tissue‐Engineering Scaffold Demonstrated to Prevent Tumor Recurrence and Overcoming Infection toward Bone Remodeling
Authors: Huang Yongkang , Zhai Xinyun , Ma Tengfei , Zhang Mengzhen , Yang Houzhi , Zhang Shuai , Wang Junbo , Liu Wenguang , Jin Xin , Lu William Weijia , Zhao Xiaoli , Hou Weiyu , Sun Tianwei , Shen Jie , Pan Haobo , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma occurs in children and adolescents frequently and leads to a high fatality rate. Although surgical resection is the most common methods in clinic, patients always suffer from tumor metastasis and recurrence and it is difficult for them to self‐repair large bone defects. Furthermore, the postoperative infection from bacteria triggers an inflammatory response and hinders the bone‐repair process. This work demonstrates a gadolinium (Gd)‐complex and molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) co‐doped N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA)/gelatin methacrylate (Gel‐MA) multifunctional hydrogel (GMNG). The combination between NAGA and Gel‐MA endows the GMNG with attractive mechanical properties and controllable degradation ability. The MoS2 improves the hydrogel system, which has excellent photothermal ability to kill tumor cells and inhibit bacterial infection both in vitro and in vivo. Based on the Gd‐complex, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect can be used to monitor the position and degradation situation of the hydrogel. Notably, accompanied by the degradation of GMNG hydrogel, the gradually released Gd3+ from the hydrogel exhibits osteogenic property and could promote new bone formation efficiently in vivo. Therefore, this strategy supplies a method to prepare multifunctional bone‐defect‐repair materials and is expected to represent a significant guidance and reference to the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
Aptamer‐Capped Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein Detection
Authors: Caballos Isabel , Aranda María Nieves , López‐Palacios Alba , Pla Luis , Santiago‐Felipe Sara , Hernández‐Montoto Andy , Tormo‐Mas María Ángeles , Pemán Javier , Gómez‐Ruiz María Dolores , Calabuig Eva , Sánchez‐Sendra Beatriz , Francés‐Gómez Clara , Geller Ron , Aznar Elena , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, which began in 2019, has highlighted the importance of testing and tracking infected individuals as a means of mitigating the spread of the virus. In this context, the development of sensitive and rapid methods for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus responsible for COVID‐19, is crucial. Herein, a biosensor based on oligonucleotide‐gated nanomaterials for the specific detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein is presented. The sensing system consists of a nanoporous anodic alumina disk loaded with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B and capped with a DNA aptamer that selectively binds the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. The system is initially evaluated using pseudotype virus systems based on vesicular stomatitis virus carrying different SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐proteins on their surface. When the pseudotype virus is present, the cap of the solid is selectively removed, triggering the release of the dye from the pore voids to the medium. The nanodevice demonstrated its ability to detect pseudotype virus concentrations as low as 7.5·103 PFU mL. In addition, the nanodevice is tested on nasopharyngeal samples from individuals suspected of having COVID‐19.
Innovative Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Foams from Recycled Fiberglass Waste
Authors: Cozzarini Luca , Marsich Lucia , Ferluga Alessio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines a lightweight thermal and acoustic insulation material, produced starting from a hydrogel‐based mixture composed by renewable biopolymer and fiberglass waste powders. The gel 3D porous network is preserved after water removal by sublimation, resulting in a lightweight thermal and acoustic insulation material with good overall performance. Mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties can be tuned as a function of biopolymer and additives concentration. This material addresses environmental concerns both in terms of secondary raw sources use and fiberglass waste disposal. Moreover, contrary to mineral wools currently on the market, it can overcome the problem of fiber release, with significant human health benefits. Thanks to its good properties and its fabrication process based on a circular economy approach, it can be appealing for thermal and acoustic insulating applications in building and industrial sectors and also in terms of environmental footprint.
Laser‐Printed Terahertz Plasmonic Phase‐Change Metasurfaces
Authors: Zeng Ying , Lu Dunzhu , Xu Xingxing , Zhang Xiaoqiuyan , Wan Hujie , Wang Junqin , Jiang Xuju , Yang Xiaosheng , Xu Ming , Wen Qiye , Yao Jianquan , Hu Min , Zhang Xinliang , Li Peining 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) have offered an appealing material solution by acting as a switchable dielectric layer to tune the electromagnetic properties of terahertz metamaterials and metasurfaces. Here, this work demonstrates large‐scale and lithography‐free manufacturing of all‐PCM terahertz metasurfaces based on direct laser switching of crystalline micro‐domains in a thin film with high switching ratio of the emerging plasmonic PCM, In3SbTe2 (IST). The fabricated high‐quality IST metasurfaces achieve efficient plasmonic resonances and a large modulation depth with ultrafast response (full width at half maxima of the modulation time ≈1.6 ps) in a deep‐subwavelength switching volume. For the dynamic evolution of terahertz resonance modes, theoretical modeling reveals a delicate interplay between amorphous and crystalline IST due to the bonding‐structure‐induced different carrier lifetimes and spatially localized electric fields. These studies open new avenues for realizing all‐PCM terahertz ultrafast nanophotonics.
Hierarchically Structured Deformation‐Sensing Mechanochromic Pigments
Authors: Clough Jess M. , Kilchoer Cédric , Wilts Bodo D. , Weder Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMechanochromic materials alter their color in response to mechanical force and are useful for both fundamental studies and practical applications. Several approaches are used to render polymers mechanochromic, but they generally suffer from limitations in sensing range, capacity to provide quantitative information, and their capability to enable broad and simple implementation. Here, is it reported that these problems can be overcome by combining photonic structures, which alter their reflection upon deformation, with covalent mechanophores, whose spectral properties change upon mechanically induced bond scission, in hierarchically structured mechanochromic pigments. This is achieved by synthesizing microspheres consisting of an elastic polymer with spiropyran‐based cross‐links and non‐close‐packed silica nanoparticles. A strain of less than 1% can be detected in a shift of the reflection band from the photonic structure, while the onset strain for the conversion of the spiropyran into fluorescent merocyanine ranges from 30% to 70%, creating a broad strain detection range. The two responses are tailorable and synergistic, permitting the activation strain for the mechanophore response to be tuned. The mechano‐sensing photonic pigments are demonstrated to be readily incorporated into different polymeric materials of interest and quantitatively probe spatially heterogeneous deformations over a large strain range.
Potent Charge‐Trapping for Boosted Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Zheng , Cheng Hao , Lu Yao , Wang Tao , Li Yifan , Zhang Wei , He Guanjie , Tian Zhongliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetal‐free carbon‐based materials are considered to be one of the most promising alternatives to precious metal Pt‐based electrocatalysts. However, the electrocatalytic activity of heteroatom‐modulated carbon rarely reaches the level of metal‐based electrocatalysts. Here, electron‐rich carbon and abundant pyridinic‐N adjacent to C vacancies decorated with carbon nanosheets (E‐NC‐V) are synthesized and used as the host for boosting efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Rich pyridinic‐N structures adjacent to C vacancies work in synergy with electron‐rich carbon, which promotes the sharp decrease of |ΔGO*|, resulting in the balanced adsorption and dissociation of oxygen intermediates, and thus activating OO. This can be attributed to the abundant vacancies and d–p orbital hybridization between Zn and N/C. The E‐NC‐V catalyst drives the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via a 4e− transfer‐dominated pathway with a half‐wave potential of 0.87 V versus RHE in the alkaline solution, even superior to Pt/C. The assembled Al–air battery exhibits a high peak power density of 113 mW cm−2. This promising strategy sheds light on the design and fabrication of robust, rich‐density, and high‐performance active sites for the ORR. The work is expected to inspire future work on the role of electronic structure modulation and defect engineering for enhanced reaction kinetics.
Sequential and Dendrite‐Free Li Plating on Cu Foil Enabled by an Ultrathin Yolk–Shell SiOx/C@C Layer
Authors: He Ruhan , Wang Yutao , Zhang Chengyi , Liu Zhenhui , He Pan , Hong Xufeng , Yu Ruohan , Zhao Yan , Wu Jingsong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium metal anodes are considered to be the ultimate candidate for Li‐based batteries; however, their development is hindered by uncontrollable Li deposition. Porous hosts and Cu foil with lithiophilic decorations have proven effective in Li dendrite suppression. However, the failure of lithiophilic decorations during cycling causes inaccessible encapsulated voids for Li‐deposition. And the almost electrochemically inert feature of host/decoration materials will result in undesirable loss in gravimetric capacity. Herein, an ultrathin layer of stable and electroactive yolk‐shell SiOx/C@C with designed differences in lithiophilicity is constructed on Cu foil. The more lithiophilic SiOx/C core over doped C shell induces sequential Li plating from intra‐particle voids to inter‐particle spaces and then above the modification layer. Such a plating process is reversed during Li stripping. Even after considering the mass of SiOx/C@C modification layer, a high specific capacity of 2818 mAh g−1 can be achieved. The Li–SiOx/C@C–Cu anode demonstrates a decent cyclability over 500 h under strict conditions in symmetric cells. When paired with a LiFePO4 cathode (10.5 mg cm−2), the full cell with a N/P ratio of 2 manifests a high capacity retention of 91.3% over 350 cycles, demonstrating its practical application value in future lithium metal batteries.
Vacuum‐Healing of Grain Boundaries in Sodium‐Doped CuInSe2 Solar Cell Absorbers
Authors: Babbe Finn , Nicoara Nicoleta , Guthrey Harvey , Valle Nathalie , Ramirez Sanchez Omar , Aureau Damien , Elanzeery Hossam , Sharma Deepanjan , Virtuoso José Luís , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Zelenina Anastasiya , Gharabeiki Sevan , Wirtz Tom , Siebentritt Susanne , Dale Phillip J. , Sadewasser Sascha , Colombara Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlkali metal doping and grain boundaries (GB) have been at the center of attention within the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 photovoltaics community for years. This study provides the first experimental evidence that the GB of sodium‐doped CuInSe2 thin films may undertake reversible oxidation even at room temperature, whereas undoped films may not. The findings are corroborated by cathodoluminescence imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Kelvin probe force microscopy on air‐exposed films subsequently subject to vacuum. A thermochemical assessment identifies the likely solid–gas equilibria involved. These reactions open new research questions with respect to the beneficial role played by alkali metal dopants in chalcopyrite solar cells and may steer the community toward new breakthroughs.
Dietary nutrient intake and cognitive function in the Age‐Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2
Authors: Keenan Tiarnan D. L. , Agrón Elvira , Chew Emily Y. ,   for the AREDS and AREDS2 Research Groups
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe objective was to analyze associations between dietary intake of multiple nutrients and altered cognitive function and/or decline.MethodsObservational analyses of participants (n = 6334) in two randomized trials of nutritional supplements for age‐related macular degeneration: Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2.ResultsIn AREDS, for 4 of 38 nutrients examined, higher intake quintiles were significantly associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment on the Modified Mini‐Mental State test (<80): β‐carotene, copper, docosahexaenoic acid, and insoluble fiber. In AREDS2, for 13 of 44 nutrients, higher intake quintiles were associated with decreased risk on the Telephone Interview Cognitive Status‐Modified (<30). Rate of cognitive decline over up to 10 years was not significantly different with higher intake of any nutrient.DiscussionHigher dietary intake of multiple nutrients, including specific vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, fatty acids, and fiber, was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment but not slower decline in cognitive function.
Serotonin‐immunoreactivity in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: Biradar Ashwini , Ganesh C.B 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) is an evolutionarily conserved monoaminergic neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system across invertebrates and vertebrates. Although the distribution of 5‐HT‐immunoreactive (5‐HT‐ir) neurons is investigated in various fish species, the organization of these neurons in cichlid fishes is poorly understood. These fish are known for their adaptability to diverse environments, food habits, and complex mating and breeding behaviors, including parental care. In this paper, we describe the organization of 5‐HT‐ir neurons in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Aggregations of 5‐HT‐ir neurons were spotted in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb and near the ventricular border in the preoptic area and magnocellular subdivisions of the nucleus preopticus. Although the presence of 5‐HT‐ir cells and fibers in the hypothalamic and thalamic regions, cerebellum, and raphe nuclei was comparable to that of other teleosts, the current study reveals the occurrence of 5‐HT‐ir cells and fibers for the first time in some areas, such as the nucleus posterior tuberis, nucleus oculomotorius, and nucleus paracommissuralis in the tilapia. While the presence of 5‐HT‐ir cells and fibers in gustatory centers suggests a role for serotonin in the processing of gustatory signals, distinctive pattern of 5‐HT immunoreactivity was seen in the telencephalon, pretectal areas, mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic regions, suggesting a cichlid fish specific organization of the serotonergic system. In conclusion, the 5‐HT system in the tilapia brain may serve several neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory roles, including regulation of reproduction and sensorimotor processes.
FRA–A new fast, robust, and automated pipeline for the detection and measurement of solar‐like oscillations in time‐series photometry of red‐giant stars
Authors: Gehan Charlotte , Campante T. L. , Cunha M. S. , Pereira F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe developed, tested, and validated a new Fast, Robust, and Automated (FRA) tool to detect solar‐like oscillations. FRA is based on the detection and measurement of the frequency of maximum oscillation power , without relying on the detection of a regular frequency spacing to guide the search. We applied the FRA pipeline to 254 synthetic power spectra representative of red giants observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), as well as 1689 red giants observed by Kepler and 2344 red giants observed by TESS. We obtain a consistency rate for compared with existing measurements of 99% for Kepler
red giants and of 98% for TESS red giants. We find that using as an input parameter to guide the search for the large frequency separation through the existing Envelope Auto Correlation Function method significantly improves the consistency of the measured in the case of TESS stars, allowing to reach a consistency rate above 99%. Our analysis reveals that we can expect to get consistent and measurements while minimizing both the false positive measurements and the non‐detections for stars with a minimum of four observed sectors and a maximum G magnitude of 9.5.