bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Circulation Context for North American West Coast Atmospheric Rivers: Influence of the Subseasonal NPO/WP Teleconnection
Authors: Hicks Justin , Guan Bin , Nigam Sumant , Ruiz‐Barradas Alfredo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the variability of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on subseasonal time scales is pivotal for efficient water resource management along the west coast of North America. ARs during 1980–2018 based on the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 are analyzed to quantify the modulation of winter (December–February) landfalling ARs in the western US by leading subseasonal teleconnections, focusing on pentad evolution rather than seasonal‐mean patterns. The growth phase of the North Pacific Oscillation/West Pacific (NPO/WP) teleconnection—the second leading pattern in 200‐hPa geopotential heights in boreal winter—is found to be particularly influential in modulating the number of landfalling ARs in this region. In the positive phase of NPO/WP growth, the presence of anomalous low pressure centered just south of Alaska (i.e., a strengthening of the Aleutian Low) and anomalous high pressure around Hawaii results in moisture convergence in the central and eastern Pacific, bringing southwesterly moisture fluxes to the coast and inland. The modulation by NPO/WP is stronger than by commonly‐considered climate variability modes, such as the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern. Although southwesterly fluxes are stronger over the Pacific Ocean during the positive phase of PNA, they tend to transition to southerly fluxes before extending inland, resulting in smaller overland impacts in the western US. The analysis of temporal evolutions indicates AR activity peaks 5 days after the mature phase of NPO/WP growth, as in the case of PNA. Overall, the study suggests potential subseasonal predictability of US West Coast ARs from incipient‐phase knowledge of the leading teleconnection patterns, especially the NPO/WP.
Comprehensive analyses of circulating cardiometabolic proteins and objective measures of fat mass
Authors: Titova Olga E. , Brunius Carl , Warensjö Lemming Eva , Stattin Karl , Baron John A. , Byberg Liisa , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The underlying molecular pathways for the effect of excess fat mass on cardiometabolic diseases is not well understood. Since body mass index is a suboptimal measure of body fat content, we investigated the relationship of fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with circulating cardiometabolic proteins.

Methods
We used data from a population-based cohort of 4950 Swedish women (55–85 years), divided into discovery and replication samples; 276 proteins were assessed with three Olink Proseek Multiplex panels. We used random forest to identify the most relevant biomarker candidates related to fat mass index (FMI), multivariable linear regression to further investigate the associations between FMI characteristics and circulating proteins adjusted for potential confounders, and principal component analysis (PCA) for the detection of common covariance patterns among the proteins.

Results
Total FMI was associated with 66 proteins following adjustment for multiple testing in discovery and replication multivariable analyses. Five proteins not previously associated with body size were associated with either lower FMI (calsyntenin-2 (CLSTN2), kallikrein-10 (KLK10)), or higher FMI (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing group B protein (SSC4D), trem-like transcript 2 protein (TLT-2), and interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL-6RA)). PCA provided an efficient summary of the main variation in FMI-related circulating proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, appetite regulation, adipocyte differentiation, immune response and inflammation. Similar patterns were observed for regional fat mass measures.

Conclusions
This is the first large study showing associations between fat mass and circulating cardiometabolic proteins. Proteins not previously linked to body size are implicated in modulation of postsynaptic signals, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.
Human norovirus (HuNoV) GII RNA in wastewater solids at 145 United States wastewater treatment plants: comparison to positivity rates of clinical specimens and modeled estimates of HuNoV GII shedders
Authors: Boehm Alexandria B. , Wolfe Marlene K. , White Bradley J. , Hughes Bridgette , Duong Dorothea , Banaei Niaz , Bidwell Amanda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of disease globally, yet actual incidence is unknown. HuNoV infections are not reportable in the United States, and surveillance is limited to tracking severe illnesses or outbreaks. Wastewater monitoring for HuNoV has been done previously and results indicate it is present in wastewater influent and concentrations are associated with HuNoV infections in the communities contributing to wastewater. However, work has mostly been limited to monthly samples of liquid wastewater at one or a few wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Objective
The objectives of this study are to investigate whether HuNoV GII preferentially adsorbs to wastewater solids, investigate concentrations of HuNoV GII in wastewater solids in wastewater treatment plants across the county, and explore how those relate to clinical measures of disease occurrence. In addition, we aim to develop and apply a mass-balance model that predicts the fraction of individuals shedding HuNoV in their stool based on measured concentrations in wastewater solids.

Methods
We measured HuNoV GII RNA in matched wastewater solids and liquid influent in 7 samples from a WWTP. We also applied the HuNoV GII assay to measure viral RNA in over 6000 wastewater solids samples from 145 WWTPs from across the United States daily to three times per week for up to five months. Measurements were made using digital droplet RT-PCR.

Results
HuNoV GII RNA preferentially adsorbs to wastewater solids where it is present at 1000 times the concentration in influent. Concentrations of HuNoV GII RNA correlate positively with clinical HuNoV positivity rates. Model output of the fraction of individuals shedding HuNoV is variable and uncertain, but consistent with indirect estimates of symptomatic HuNoV infections in the United States.

Impact statement

Illness caused by HuNoV is not reportable in the United States so there is limited data on disease occurrence. Wastewater monitoring can provide information about the community spread of HuNoV. Data from wastewater can be available within 24 h of sample receipt at a laboratory. Wastewater is agnostic to whether individuals seek medical care, are symptomatic, and the severity of illness. Knowledge gleaned from wastewater may be used by public health professionals to make recommendations on hand washing, surface disinfection, or other behaviors to reduce transmission of HuNoV, or medical doctors to inform clinical decision making.
Constructing origami power generator from one piece of electret thin film and application in AI-enabled transmission line vibration monitoring
Authors: Lyu Boming , Zhou Huipeng , Gao Yangyang , Mao Xinhui , Li Fangzhi , Zhang Jiyuan , Nie Dezhi , Zeng Wen , Lu Yonglin , Wu Jin , Yang Zhaoshu , Tao Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the crucial issues for applying electret/triboelectric power generators in the Internet of Things (IoT) is to take full advantage of specific high voltage signals and enable self-powered sensing. Therefore, inspired by Miura-origami, we present an innovative origami power generator (OPG) constructed from only one piece of electret thin film. The Miura-origami architecture realizes a generator with excellent deformability and stretchability and makes it unnecessary for any auxiliary support structure during the compress-release cycle. Various parameters of the generator are intensively investigated, including the excitation accelerations, excitation displacements, numbers of power generation units and deformation degree of the device. When stimulated with 5.0 g acceleration at 15 Hz frequency, the generator with 8 generation units can obtain an instantaneous peak-to-peak voltage and a remarkable optimum peak power of 328 V and 2152 μW at 50 MΩ, respectively. In addition, the regulable shape and multiple generation modes of the device greatly improve its applicability in various vibration energy collection requirements. Based on the above results, a hexagonal electret generator integrated with six-phase OPGs is developed as a “Buoy on Sky,” after which the signal waveforms generated from internal power generators are recognized with 92% accuracy through a neural network algorithm that identifies the vibration conditions of transmission lines. This work demonstrates that a fusion of origami art and energy conversion techniques can achieve a multifunctional generator design satisfying the requirements for IoT applications.
PG545 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors through modulation of RAD51-DEK interaction
Authors: Ray Upasana , Thirusangu Prabhu , Jin Ling , Xiao Yinan , Pathoulas Christopher L. , Staub Julie , Erskine Courtney L. , Dredge Keith , Hammond Edward , Block Matthew S. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N. , Shridhar Viji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPG545 (Pixatimod) is a highly sulfated small molecule known for its ability to inhibit heparanase and disrupt signaling mediated by heparan-binding-growth factors (HB-GF). Previous studies indicated that PG545 inhibits growth factor-mediated signaling in ovarian cancer (OC) to enhance response to chemotherapy. Here we investigated the previously unidentified mechanisms by which PG545 induces DNA damage in OC cells and found that PG545 induces DNA single- and double-strand breaks, reduces RAD51 expression in an autophagy-dependent manner and inhibits homologous recombination repair (HRR). These changes accompanied the ability of PG545 to inhibit endocytosis of the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan interacting DNA repair protein, DEK, leading to DEK sequestration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and loss of nuclear DEK needed for HRR. As a result, PG545 synergized with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in OC cell lines in vitro and in 55% of primary cultures of patient-derived ascites samples ex vivo. Moreover, PG545/PARPi synergy was observed in OC cells exhibiting either de novo or acquired resistance to PARPi monotherapy. PG545 in combination with rucaparib also generated increased DNA damage, increased antitumor effects and increased survival of mice bearing HRR proficient OVCAR5 xenografts compared to monotherapy treatment in vivo. Synergistic antitumor activity of the PG545/rucaparib combination was likewise observed in an immunocompetent syngeneic ID8F3 OC model. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting DEK-HSPG interactions in the TME through the use of PG545 may be a novel method of inhibiting DNA repair and sensitizing cells to PARPis.
Baseline azithromycin resistance in the gut microbiota of preterm born infants
Authors: Gallacher David J. , Zhang Lei , Aboklaish Ali F. , Mitchell Emma , Wach Richard , Marchesi Julian R. , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMacrolides, including azithromycin, are increasingly used in preterm-born infants to treatUreaplasmainfections. The baseline carriage of macrolide resistance genes in the preterm stool microbiota is unknown.ObjectivesIdentify carriage of azithromycin resistant bacteria and the incidence of macrolide resistant genes.MethodsAzithromycin resistant bacteria were isolated from serial stool samples obtained from preterm infants (≤32 weeks’ gestation) by culturing aerobically/anaerobically, in the presence/absence of azithromycin. Using quantitative PCR, we targeted 6 common macrolide resistance genes (erm(A),erm(B),erm(C),erm(F),mef(A/E), msr(A)) in DNA extracted from selected bacteria resistant to azithromycin.ResultsFrom 89 stool samples from 37 preterm-born infants, 93.3% showed bacterial growth in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. From the 280 azithromycin resistant isolates that were identified,Staphylococcus(75%) andEnterococcus(15%) species dominated. Macrolide resistance genes were identified in 91% of resistant isolates: commonest wereerm(C)(46% of isolates) andmsr(A)(40%). Multiple macrolide resistance genes were identified in 18% of isolates.ConclusionMacrolide resistance is common in the gut microbiota of preterm-born infants early in life, most likely acquired from exposure to the maternal microbiota. It will be important to assess modulation of macrolide resistance, if macrolide treatment becomes routine in the management of preterm infants.Impact StatementAzithromycin resistance is present in the stool microbiota in the first month of life in preterm infants91% of azithromycin resistant bacteria carried at least one of 6 common macrolide resistant genesIncreasing use of macrolides in the preterm population makes this an important area of study
Differences in rectal amino acid levels determine bacteria-originated sex pheromone specificity in two closely related flies
Authors: Gao Zijie , Xie Mingxue , Gui Shiyu , He Muyang , Lu Yongyue , Wang Luoluo , Chen Jingyuan , Smagghe Guy , Gershenzon Jonathan , Cheng Daifeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sex pheromones are widely used by insects as a reproductive isolating mechanism to attract conspecifics and repel heterospecifics. Although researchers have obtained extensive knowledge about sex pheromones, little is known about the differentiation mechanism of sex pheromones in closely related species. Using Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae as the study model, we investigated how the male-borne sex pheromones are different. The results demonstrated that both 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (TMP) and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) were sex pheromones produced by rectal Bacillus in the two flies. However, the TMP/TTMP ratios were reversed, indicating sex pheromone specificity in the two flies. Bacterial fermentation results showed that different threonine and glycine levels were responsible for the preference of rectal Bacillus to produce TMP or TTMP. Accordingly, threonine (glycine) levels and the expression of the threonine and glycine coding genes were significantly different between B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. In vivo assays confirmed that increased rectal glycine and threonine levels by amino acid feeding could significantly decrease the TMP/TTMP ratios and result in significantly decreased mating abilities in the studied flies. Meanwhile, decreased rectal glycine and threonine levels due to RNAi of the glycine and threonine coding genes was found to significantly increase the TMP/TTMP ratios and result in significantly decreased mating abilities. The study contributes to the new insight that insects and their symbionts can jointly regulate sex pheromone specificity in insects, and in turn, this helps us to better understand how the evolution of chemical communication affects speciation.
Monitoring for micronutrient deficiency after bariatric surgery—what is the risk?
Authors: Lewis Carrie-Anne , Osland Emma J. , de Jersey Susan , Hopkins George , Seymour Matthew , Webb Lindsey , Chatfield Mark D. , Hickman Ingrid J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies; however, confounders including preoperative deficiency, supplementation and inflammation are rarely considered.

Objective
To examine the impact of bariatric surgeries, supplementation and inflammation on micronutrient deficiency.

Setting
Two public hospitals, Australia.

Methods
Participants were recruited to an observational study monitoring biochemical micronutrient outcomes, supplementation dose, inflammation and glycaemic control, pre-operatively and at 1–3, 6 and 12 months after gastric bypass (GB; Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Single Anastomosis Gastric Bypass; N = 66) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG; N = 144). Participant retention at 12 months was 81%.

Results
Pre-operative micronutrient deficiency was common, for vitamin D (29–30%), iron (13–22%) and selenium (39% GB cohort). Supplement intake increased after surgery; however, dose was <50% of target for most nutrients. After SG, folate was vulnerable to deficiency at 6 months (OR 13 [95% CI 2, 84]; p = 0.007), with folic acid supplementation being independently associated with reduced risk. Within 1–3 months of GB, three nutrients had higher deficiency rates compared to pre-operative levels; vitamin B1 (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.01), vitamin A (21% vs. 3%, p < 0.01) and selenium (59% vs. 39%, p < 0.05). Vitamin B1 deficiency was independently associated with surgery and inflammation, selenium deficiency with improved glycaemic control after surgery and inflammation, whilst vitamin A deficiency was associated with inflammation only.

Conclusion
In the setting of prophylactic post-surgical micronutrient prescription, few nutrients are at risk of de novo deficiency. Although micronutrient supplementation and monitoring remains important, rationalising high-frequency biochemical testing protocols in the first year after surgery may be warranted.
Biallelic KCTD3 nonsense variant derived from paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1 in a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy and distinctive features
Authors: Shimojima Yamamoto Keiko , Yoshimura Ayumi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA biallelic nonsense variant of the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 3 gene (KCTD3) [c.1192C>T; p.R398*] was identified in a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy with distinctive features and brain structural abnormalities. The patient showed isodisomy of chromosome 1, where KCTD3 is located, and the father was heterozygous for the same variant. Based on these findings, paternal uniparental disomy was considered to cause the biallelic involvement of KCTD3.
A multiplex blood-based assay targeting DNA methylation in PBMCs enables early detection of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Li Peilong , Qi Qiuchen , Zhang Shujun , Xie Yan , Wang Jing , Liu Shibiao , Ma Suhong , Li Shijun , Gong Tingting , Xu Huiting , Xiong Mengqiu , Li Guanghua , You Chongge , Luo Zhaofan , Li Juan , Du Lutao , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe immune system can monitor tumor development, and DNA methylation is involved in the body’s immune response to tumors. In this work, we investigate whether DNA methylation alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could be used as markers for early detection of breast cancer (BC) from the perspective of tumor immune alterations. We identify four BC-specific methylation markers by combining Infinium 850 K BeadChips, pyrosequencing and targeted bisulfite sequencing. Based on the four methylation markers in PBMCs of BC, we develop an efficient and convenient multiplex methylation-specific quantitative PCR assay for the detection of BC and validate its diagnostic performance in a multicenter cohort. This assay was able to distinguish early-stage BC patients from normal controls, with an AUC of 0.940, sensitivity of 93.2%, and specificity of 90.4%. More importantly, this assay outperformed existing clinical diagnostic methods, especially in the detection of early-stage and minimal tumors.
Pinging the brain to reveal the hidden attentional priority map using encephalography
Authors: Duncan Dock H. , van Moorselaar Dirk , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAttention has been usefully thought of as organized in priority maps – putative maps of space where attentional priority is weighted across spatial regions in a winner-take-all competition for attentional deployment. Recent work has highlighted the influence of past experiences on the weighting of spatial priority – called selection history. Aside from being distinct from more well-studied, top-down forms of attentional enhancement, little is known about the neural substrates of history-mediated attentional priority. Using a task known to induce statistical learning of target distributions, in an EEG study we demonstrate that this otherwise invisible, latent attentional priority map can be visualized during the intertrial period using a ‘pinging’ technique in conjunction with multivariate pattern analyses. Our findings not only offer a method of visualizing the history-mediated attentional priority map, but also shed light on the underlying mechanisms allowing our past experiences to influence future behavior.
Bioinspired “cage traps” for closed-loop lead management of perovskite solar cells under real-world contamination assessment
Authors: Luo Huaiqing , Li Pengwei , Ma Junjie , Li Xue , Zhu He , Cheng Yajie , Li Qin , Xu Qun , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the remarkable progress made in perovskite solar cells, great concerns regarding potential Pb contamination risk and environmental vulnerability risks associated with perovskite solar cells pose a significant obstacle to their real-world commercialization. In this study, we took inspiration from the ensnaring prey behavior of spiders and chemical components in spider web to strategically implant a multifunctional mesoporous amino-grafted-carbon net into perovskite solar cells, creating a biomimetic cage traps that could effectively mitigate Pb leakage and shield the external invasion under extreme weather conditions. The synergistic Pb capturing mechanism in terms of chemical chelation and physical adsorption is in-depth explored. Additionally, the Pb contamination assessment of end-of-life perovskite solar cells in the real-world ecosystem, including Yellow River water and soil, is proposed. The sustainable closed-loop Pb management process is also successfully established involving four critical steps: Pb precipitation, Pb adsorption, Pb desorption, and Pb recycling. Our findings provide inspiring insights for promoting green and sustainable industrialization of perovskite solar cells.
Comparing molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir efficacy and the effects on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in animal models
Authors: Cox Robert M. , Lieber Carolin M. , Wolf Josef D. , Karimi Amirhossein , Lieberman Nicole A. P. , Sticher Zachary M. , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Andrews Meghan K. , Krueger Rebecca E. , Natchus Michael G. , Painter George R. , Kolykhalov Alexander A. , Greninger Alexander L. , Plemper Richard K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTherapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 are underutilized. Two oral drugs, molnupiravir and paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir), have received emergency use authorization. Initial trials suggested greater efficacy of paxlovid, but recent studies indicated comparable potency in older adults. Here, we compare both drugs in two animal models; the Roborovski dwarf hamster model for severe COVID-19-like lung infection and the ferret SARS-CoV-2 transmission model. Dwarf hamsters treated with either drug survive VOC omicron infection with equivalent lung titer reduction. Viral RNA copies in the upper respiratory tract of female ferrets receiving 1.25 mg/kg molnupiravir twice-daily are not significantly reduced, but infectious titers are lowered by >2 log orders and direct-contact transmission is stopped. Female ferrets dosed with 20 or 100 mg/kg nirmatrelvir/ritonavir twice-daily show 1–2 log order reduction of viral RNA copies and infectious titers, which correlates with low nirmatrelvir exposure in nasal turbinates. Virus replication resurges towards nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment end and virus transmits efficiently (20 mg/kg group) or partially (100 mg/kg group). Prophylactic treatment with 20 mg/kg nirmatrelvir/ritonavir does not prevent spread from infected ferrets, but prophylactic 5 mg/kg molnupiravir or 100 mg/kg nirmatrelvir/ritonavir block productive transmission. These data confirm reports of similar efficacy in older adults and inform on possible epidemiologic benefit of antiviral treatment.