bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYDROMORPHONE MITIGATES CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY BY REPRESSING PYROPTOSIS OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Jie , An Zhongzhe , Qi Jun 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating pulmonary illness with diffuse inflammatory responses. Hydromorphone (Hyd) is an opioid agonist used for relieving moderate-to-severe pain. The present work investigated the effect of Hyd on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)–induced ALI by regulating pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages (AMs). Methods: Rats were subjected to CPB, followed by Hyd treatment. The lung injury in rat lung tissues was appraised by the ratio of lung wet/dry weight (weight), histological staining, and the total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung function was assessed by oxygenation index and respiratory index, and lung macrophage pyroptosis was observed by fluorescence staining. Alveolar macrophages were separated and pyroptosis was determined by western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression patterns of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), N-terminal gasdermin-D, and cleaved caspase-1 were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. The impact of NLRP3 or Nrf2 on pyroptosis of AMs and CPB-induced ALI was observed after treatment of nigericin (NLRP3 agonist) or ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). Results: Hyd attenuated CPB-induced lung injury as manifested by reductions in lung inflammation and edema, the scores of lung injury, the ratio of lung wet/dry weight, and the total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Besides, Hyd repressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of AMs after CPB treatment. Hyd upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 expression levels to repress NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Treatment of nigericin or ML385 counteracted the role of Hyd in ameliorating pyroptosis of AMs and CPB-induced ALI. Conclusions: Hyd alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and CPB-induced ALI via upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which may be achieved by AMs.
Toronto Management of Initially Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer in a Living Donor Liver Transplant Program
Authors: Rajendran Luckshi , Claasen Marco PAW , McGilvray Ian D , Cattral Mark S , Ghanekar Anand , Selzner Nazia , Burkes Ron , Winter Erin , Gallinger Steven , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an attractive option for patients with unresectable, bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, it is not available in most centres beyond study protocols. This study describes the interim experience with LDLT for CRLM at a large North American transplant and hepatobiliary centre.

Methods:
Adults with unresectable CRLM, receiving systemic chemotherapy were recruited into a prospective clinical trial. Data on demographics, referral patterns, and clinical characteristics were extracted from October 2016 to February 2023. Patients were divided into three groups: transplanted, resected, and control (excluded, with continuation of systemic chemotherapy). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared.

Results:
81 referred patients were assessed for LDLT. 7 received transplants, 22 underwent resection, and 48 control. All had similar pre-assessment baseline characteristics. Median time from initial assessment to transplantation was 15.4 months. The control population had significantly worse post-assessment OS than the transplanted population (p=0.002) and resected population (p<0.001). The median post-operative follow-up duration was 21.4 months (resection) and 14.8 months (LDLT). There was no difference in OS between the transplanted and resected populations (1-year 100% vs. 93.8%; 3-year 100% vs. 43.3%, p=0.17). However, RFS was superior in the LDLT group (1-year 85.7% vs. 11.4%; 3-year 68.6% vs. 11.4%, p=0.012).

Conclusion:
Most patients with unresectable CRLM referred for LDLT are deemed ineligible for trial inclusion. However, the excellent oncologic outcomes in patients who meet criteria for LDLT supports its role in highly selected populations. Future results after the trial’s completion will inform long-term outcomes.
Widespread mitochondrial DNA haplotypes ofPteroptyxspp. across present–day river systems in Southeast Asia and their historical dispersal through ancient river networks
Authors: Cheng Shawn , Ali Akaram Nur H. , Faidi Mohd A. , Aun Tan Sek , Bhassu Subha , Mat Isa Mohd N. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTEstuarine fireflies from the genusPteroptyxare widely distributed in Southeast Asia and famous for their nightly displays of bioluminescence by adult fireflies congregating or lekking on mangrove trees.Pteroptyxfireflies also offer insights into the history of the region, as their distribution in many of the isolated rivers they now inhabit are likely a product of dispersal via palaeorivers that formed in Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene. Here, we report the presence of widespread cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) haplotypes among populations ofPteroptyxspp. in estuaries throughout Southeast Asia and suggest possible dispersal routes for these haplotypes vis-à-vis the Siam and Malacca River systems. Separately, reconstruction of the haplotype tree from thecox1gene indicated that the ancestors ofPteroptyx asymmetria, Pteroptyx bearni, Pteroptyx malaccae, Pteroptyx tener, andPteroptyx validaeither had a Thai, Bornean, or Peninsular Malaysian origin. Previous reconstructions of the phylogenetic and network trees ofPteroptyxsp. did not consider the presence of identical mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in their datasets, and the role palaeorivers had on their dispersal. The perspectives reported here aim to guide future taxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogeographic work onPteroptyxfireflies in Southeast Asia.
Investigating causal relationship between smoking behavior and global brain volume
Authors: Chang Yoonhoo , Thornton Vera , Chaloemtoem Ariya , Anokhin Andrey P. , Bijsterbosch Janine , Bogdan Ryan , Hancock Dana B. , Johnson Eric Otto , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that brain volume is negatively associated with cigarette smoking, but there is an ongoing debate whether smoking causes lowered brain volume or a lower brain volume is a risk factor for smoking. We address this debate through multiple methods that evaluate causality: Bradford Hill’s Criteria to understand a causal relationship in epidemiological studies, mediation analysis, and Mendelian Randomization.MethodsIn 28,404 participants of European descent from the UK Biobank dataset, we examined relationships between a history of daily smoking and brain imaging phenotypes as well as associations of genetic predisposition to smoking initiation with brain volume.ResultsA history of daily smoking is strongly associated with decreased brain volume, and a history of heavier smoking is associated with a greater decrease in brain volume. The strongest association was between total grey matter volume and a history of daily smoking (p-value = 8.28 × 10−33), and there was a dose response relationship with more pack years smoked associated with a greater decrease in brain volume. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for smoking initiation was strongly associated with a history of daily smoking (p-value = 4.09 ×10−72), yet only modestly associated with total grey matter volume (p-value = 0.02). Mediation analysis indicated that a history of daily smoking is a mediator between smoking initiation PRS and total grey matter volume. Mendelian Randomization showed a causal effect of daily smoking on total grey matter volume (p-value = 0.022).ConclusionsThese converging findings strongly support the hypothesis that smoking causes decreased brain volume.
ChatGPT and the Clinical Informatics Board Examination: The End of Knowledge-based Medical Board Maintenance?
Authors: Kumah-Crystal Yaa , Mankowitz Scott , Embi Peter , Lehmann Christoph U. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAssess ChatGPT’s performance on the Clinical Informatics Board Examination (CIBE) and discuss the implications of large language models (LLMs) for board certification and maintenance.Materials and MethodsWe tested ChatGPT using 260 multiple-choice questions from Mankowitz’s Clinical Informatics Board Review book, omitting six image-dependent questions.ResultsChatGPT answered 190 (74%) of 254 eligible questions correctly. While performance varied across the Clinical Informatics Core Content Areas, differences were not statistically significant.DiscussionChatGPT’s performance raises concerns about the potential misuse in medical certification and the future validity of knowledge assessment exams. While ChatGPT is able to answer multiple-choice questions accurately, relying on AI systems for exams will compromise the credibility and validity of at-home assessments and undermine public trust.ConclusionThe advent of AI and LLMs threatens to upend existing processes to board certification and maintenance and necessitates new approaches to the evaluation of proficiency in medical education.
Temporal Variations in Ischemic and Bleeding Event Risks after Acute Coronary Syndrome during Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Fujii Toshiharu , Kasai Satoshi , Kawamura Yota , Yoshimachi Fuminobu , Ikari Yuji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study estimates the temporal risk variations of ischemic and bleeding events during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and suggests the optimal period for DAPT after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) categorized by the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) criteria.MethodsA total of 1,264 ACS patients receiving either clopidogrel or prasugrel with aspirin were classified by ARC-HBR criteria into HBR (n = 574) and non-HBR groups (n = 690). This study was designed as a multicenter observation to evaluate the primary endpoints of ischemic, including cardiogenic death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke, and bleeding events, defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5. The temporal risk variations were estimated using the Cox hazard and Royston-Parmar models.ResultsIschemic and bleeding events were observed in 9.4% and 7.4% of patients, respectively, during an average observation period of 313 days. The HBR group had a higher incidence of both events than the non-HBR group (15.3% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.01 for ischemic; 11.9% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.01 for bleeding). The estimated risk curves revealed a peak and steep decline in the first few days, followed by a constant decline. The peak of risk was higher for bleeding than for ischemic events, but this relationship reversed early, with ischemic events displaying a higher risk in both the HBR and non-HBR groups until at least 60 days.ConclusionA 60-day period of DAPT is appropriate to balance the risks of adverse events after ACS, regardless of ARC-HBR criteria.
Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and offspring cord blood DNA methylation: a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Schellhas Laura , Monasso Giulietta S , Felix Janine F , Jaddoe Vincent WV , Huang Peiyuan , Fernández-Barrés Sílvia , Vrijheid Martine , Pesce Giancarlo , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Page Christian M , Brantsæter Anne-Lise , Bekkhus Mona , Håberg Siri E , London Stephanie J , Munafò Marcus R , Zuccolo Luisa , Sharp Gemma C 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen are advised to limit caffeine consumption during pregnancy. To uncover the potential epigenetic effects of intrauterine caffeine exposure, we investigated the association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with genome-wide DNA methylation in cord blood.MethodsWe meta-analysed results from epigenome-wide methylation studies at individual probes and in differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis across 6 European pregnancy and birth cohorts (ALSPAC, BiB, MoBa, Generation R, INMA, EDEN; total n = 3742). Methylation was assessed with lllumina Infinium 450k or EPIC arrays. Maternal caffeine consumption (mg/day) from coffee, tea and cola was derived from questionnaires between weeks 12 - 22 of pregnancy. We investigated associations of methylation with overall and beverage-specific caffeine intake in models adjusted for maternal education, age, BMI, smoking during pregnancy, parity, cord-blood cell proportions and 20 surrogate variables.ResultsOne CpG site (cg19370043, nearest genePRRX1) was associated with maternal caffeine consumption after FDR adjustment for multiple testing and one CpG sites (cg14591243, nearest geneSTAG1) was associated with maternal cola consumption. We found evidence for 12-22 DMRs for each of the caffeine models but little overlap between DMRs identified for specific caffeinated beverages.ConclusionsIn models adjusted for maternal smoking and other potential confounders, we found little evidence to support an intrauterine effect of caffeine on offspring DNA methylation. Comparing associations across different sources of caffeine provided no evidence for caffeine being the causal agent. It is possible that our study did not have adequate statistical power to detect very small associations between maternal caffeine and offspring DNA methylation.Key messages- This large-scale meta-analysis of epigenomewide association studies across six European cohorts does not support an intrauterine effect of caffeine on offspring cord blood DNA methylation.- Lack of overlap between associations with different caffeinated drinks suggest that any (weak) associations were driven by diverse confounding structures of different caffeinated drinks, rather than caffeine per se.- More research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms driving potential effects of caffeine on offspring health.
One side effect – two networks? Lateral and postero-medial stimulation spreads induce dysarthria in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jergas Hannah , Petry-Schmelzer Jan Niklas , Hannemann Jonathan , Thies Tabea , Strelow Joshua N. , Rubi-Fessen Ilona , Quinting Jana , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Mücke Doris , Fink Gereon R. , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Dembek Till A. , Barbe Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to shed light on structural networks associated with stimulation-induced dysarthria (SID) and to derive a data-driven model to predict SID in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).MethodsRandomized, double-blinded monopolar reviews determining SID thresholds were conducted in 25 patients with PD and STN-DBS. A fiber-based mapping approach, based on the calculation of fiber-wise Odds Ratios for SID, was employed to identify the distributional pattern of SID in the STN’s vicinity. The ability of the data-driven model to classify stimulation volumes as “causing SID” or “not causing SID” was validated by calculating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in an independent out-of-sample cohort comprising 14 patients with PD and STN-DBS.ResultsLocal fiber-based stimulation maps showed an involvement of fibers running lateral and postero-medial to the STN in the pathogenesis of SID, independent of the investigated hemisphere. ROC-analysis in the independent out-of-sample cohort resulted in a good fit of the data-driven model for both hemispheres (AUCleft= 0.88, AUCright= 0.88).InterpretationThis study reveals an involvement of both, cerebello-thalamic fibers, as well as the pyramidal tract, in the pathogenesis of SID in STN-DBS. The results may impact future postoperative programming strategies to avoid SID in patients with PD and STN-DBS.
Normal neurophysiologic parameters of the tibial nerve among adult healthy Sudanese population
Authors: Noury Ahmed O , Elmagzoub Mohammed Salah , Ahmed Ahmed Hassan , Hameed Hussam M A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNerve conductive studies (NCS) are the most informative portion of the electrodiagnostic evaluation for peripheral neuropathy; NCS can be extremely useful both in localizing lesions and determining the pathological processes. Recently, there is increased interest in quality of normative values for each test result and compare should be done between normal and patients regarding specific disease. So, The aim of our study is to help establish NCS normative data of tibial nerve that could be applicable in the Sudanese population and can be used in neurophysiology departments around the country and to compare with those data published in the literature, and to survey the effects of Age, Gender, Height, Weight and Temperature on Nerve Conduction Study Parameters.MethodsNCSs were performed in 210 tibial nerves of 105 adult healthy Sudanese subjects using standardized techniques.ResultsIt was found that the tibial nerve component values as follows; the distal latency is 4.063±1.0533 m/sec, Proximal latency 13.238 ±1.7253 m/sec, Conduction velocity 48.58±5.634 m/sec, F wave 51.509±6.1013 m/sec, Duration of CMAP at ankle 6.199± 1.0254 m/sec, Amplitude of CMAP at ankle 8.528±3.6658 μV, Area of CMAP at ankle 17.569±7.7389μV/ms, Duration of CMAP at popliteal 7.075±1.3173 m/sec, Amplitude of CMAP at popliteal 6.343±3.2871μV and Area at popliteal 14.914±7.8684 μV/ms.ConclusionThe tibial motor nerve conduction parameters for the tested nerve compared favorably with the existing literature with some discrepancies that were justifiedSignificanceThis is the first study to establish reference values for tibial NCS carried out Sudanese population.
Understanding priorities and needs for child and adolescent mental health in Greece from multiple informants: an open resource
Authors: Koumoula Anastasia , Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Karagiorga Vasiliki Eirini , Schafer Julia Luiza , Simioni André , Caye Arthur , Serdari Aspasia , Kotsis Konstantinos , Basta Maria , Athanasopoulou Lilian , Dafoulis Vaios , Tsatsiopoulou Paraskevi , Zilikis Nikos , Vergouli Evangelia , Balikou Panagiota , Kapsimali Efi , Mitropoulou Andromachi , Tzotzi Alexandra , Klavdianou Nikanthi , Zeleni Domna , Mitroulaki Sotiria , Botzaki Anna , Gerostergios Giorgos , Samiotakis Giorgos , Moschos Giorgos , Giannopoulou Ioanna , Papanikolaou Katerina , Angeli Katerina , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Emanuele Jill , Schuster Kenneth , Karyotaki Eirini , Kalikow Lily , Pronoiti Katerina , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Szatmari Peter , Cuijpers Pim , Georgiades Katholiki , Milham Michael P. , Corcoran Mimi , Burke Sarah , Koplewicz Harold , Salum Giovanni Abrahão 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence-based policymaking is needed so that health systems can address the gap in care for children and adolescents facing mental health challenges. We describe the development of an open-resource dataset providing a comprehensive assessment of the needs for child and adolescent mental health care in Greece.MethodsThis study is a part of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Initiative (CAMHI), a program aiming to enhance mental health care capacity for children and adolescents across Greece. A comprehensive, mixed-method, community-based research was conducted in 2022/2023 to examine the current state, needs, barriers, and opportunities according to multiple viewpoints. Participants consisted of children, adolescents (including underrepresented minorities), caregivers, schoolteachers, and health professionals. We surveyed geographically distributed samples to assess mental health symptoms, mental health needs, literacy and stigma, service use and access, professional practices, training background, and training needs and preferences. Focus groups were conducted with informants to reach an in-depth understanding of those topics.ResultsWe surveyed 1,756 caregivers, 1,201 children/adolescents, 404 schoolteachers, and 475 health professionals. Fourteen focus groups were conducted with the general and professional community. A repository with quantitative and qualitative findings informing multiple topics is now available for researchers, policymakers, and society [https://osf.io/crz6h/].DiscussionThis resource offers valuable data for assessing the needs and priorities for child and adolescent mental health care in Greece. It is now freely available to consult, and is expected to inform upcoming research and evidence-based professional training. This initiative may inspire similar ones in other countries, informing methodological strategies for researching mental health needs.FundingThe Stavros Niarchos Foundation.
Why are different estimates of the effective reproductive number so different? A case study on COVID-19 in Germany
Authors: Brockhaus Elisabeth K. , Wolffram Daniel , Stadler Tanja , Osthege Michael , Mitra Tanmay , Littek Jonas M. , Krymova Ekaterina , Klesen Anna J. , Huisman Jana S. , Heyder Stefan , Helleckes Laura M. , Heiden Matthias an der , Funk Sebastian , Abbott Sam , Bracher Johannes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effective reproductive numberRthas taken a central role in the scientific, political, and public discussion during the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous real-time estimates of this quantity routinely published. Disagreement between estimates can be substantial and may lead to confusion among decision-makers and the general public. In this work, we compare different estimates of the national-level effective reproductive number of COVID-19 in Germany in 2020 and 2021. We consider the agreement between estimates from the same method but published at different time points (within-method agreement) as well as retrospective agreement across different approaches (between-method agreement). Concerning the former, estimates from some methods are very stable over time and hardly subject to revisions, while others display considerable fluctuations. To evaluate between-method agreement, we reproduce the estimates generated by different groups using a variety of statistical approaches, standardizing analytical choices to assess how they contribute to the observed disagreement. These analytical choices include the data source, data pre-processing, assumed generation time distribution, statistical tuning parameters, and various delay distributions. We find that in practice, these auxiliary choices in the estimation ofRtmay affect results at least as strongly as the selection of the statistical approach. They should thus be communicated transparently along with the estimates.
Characterization and Resistance to Mutation of a Single-Channel Multiplex PCR Assay for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pednault Amy L. , Swalla Brian M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance has been used worldwide to provide valuable public health data. RT-qPCR is frequently used as a quantitative methodology for wastewater surveillance but is susceptible to mutations in target regions. These mutations may lead to misinterpretation of surveillance data; a drop in signal could be concluded to be a result of lower viral load, when in fact it is caused by reduced detection efficiency. We describe a novel approach to mitigating the impacts of such mutations: monitoring the cumulative signal from two targets (N1 and N2) via independent amplification reactions using identically labeled probes; a “single-channel multiplex” approach. Using the IDEXX Water SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test, we demonstrate equivalent intra-assay repeatability and quantitative results from the combined N1N2 test when compared to individual N1 and N2 assays. Furthermore, we show that while mutations in B.1.1.529, BA.5.2, and BA.5.2.1 significantly impact the performance of the N1 assay, the impact on the N1N2 assay was negligible, and nearly within acceptable margin of error for technical replicates. These findings demonstrate that a single-channel multiplex approach can be used to improve the robustness of wastewater surveillance and minimize the risk of future mutations leading to unreliable public health data.