bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Flattened Greek Vase
Authors: Gaifman Milette 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chapter explores two key publications of Greek vases from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: the Collection of Etruscan, Greek and Roman Antiquities from the Cabinet of the Hon. W. Hamilton by Pierre-François Hugues (known as the Baron d’Hancarville) and the Auserlesene griechische Vasenbilder by Eduard Gerhard. In both, illustrations of vases comprise colour plates, mostly in a quadrangular format, and separate line drawings of the vases’ shapes. In both, images on vases are presented as drawings, separable from their original surfaces, while the vessels themselves have become secondary. The discussion argues that these modes of reproduction and choices of format are not the product of technological limitations and that they facilitated the conceptual flattening of the Greek painted vase epitomized in the separate treatment in scholarship of its two primary elements of form and imagery.
Drawing as an Instrument of Connoisseurship
Authors: Tsingarida Athena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that John Davidson Beazley legitimized the practice of connoisseurship in the study of ancient Greek pottery. Based on meticulous description and clinical observation of the rendering of human figures, his method of attribution placed great emphasis on the accurate reproduction of vase paintings as an essential instrument for the understanding of the vase painters’ personal style. This chapter sheds new light on Beazley’s distinctive use of drawings and its dependence on several nineteenth-century forerunners, such as Paul Hartwig and Friedrich Hauser. It places Beazley’s method of reproduction in the context of archaeology’s coming of age as a scientific discipline that relied on accurate reproductions to record and interpret archaeological objects. Furthermore, the chapter explores Beazley’s freehand sketches and tracings, foregrounding his interest in drawing anatomical details from vases and pottery fragments as a means to train his connoisseurial faculties.
Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Schmiegel Armin U. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This book introduces different storage technologies. It starts with mechanical storage, then continues with electrical, electrochemical, and chemical storage. Furthermore, demand side management is discussed as a special form of storage technology. Furthermore, the book describes how storage systems are designed. For this purpose, the book gives an introduction to requirement management and systems engineering—both important tools for the design of storage systems. Since knowledge of power electronics and drive technology is usually required, the book also introduces the reader to the topic. Various application examples of different storage systems allow the reader to become familiar with the introduced toolbox and to use it themselves. Examples include opportunity chargers, solar power storage systems, vehicles with hybrid drive trains, and the supply of an island with wind, storage, and power to gas.
The purpose of energy storage systems
Authors: Schmiegel Armin U. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the different applications of storage systems: mobile applications, such as mobile, laptops, and electric tools; mobility applications, such as cars, bicycles, and electric scooters, but also mobile commercial vehicles and mobile machines. The chapter’s final section is made up of stationary applications that temporarily store energy surpluses from renewable energy sources or are used for energy trading or auxiliary services. The applications are characterized in terms of their energy content and the observed charging rates. The relationship between energy content and charging rate, the E-Rate, is also described.
The general description of energy storage systems
Authors: Schmiegel Armin U. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the method with which energy storage systems can be designed independently of technology is presented to the reader. The core element is the power flow diagram, and this is used to help describe the storage system. The method is in turn explained using the example of an opportunity charger. In addition to the technical design, the financial evaluation of a storage system is also detailed in this chapter. Here, the relationship between Bill of Materials, manufacturing, and production costs is also presented. The concept of the null hypothesis is described at length; this is essential for the financial validation. Financial expressions such as net present value and Levelized Cost of Energy are introduced and determined by example.
Introduction to requirement engineering and system design
Authors: Schmiegel Armin U. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For the design of energy storage systems, it is important to know the requirements of different stakeholders and to consider them in the system design. Requirements management and systems engineering are important tools. Both methods are described in this chapter. Using the example of an electric screwdriver, the usage of the methods is shown. This is followed by an introduction to the general requirements and system components of storage systems. These apply to all storage systems and can therefore always be used and taken into account in the design.
Twenty Years of IPKat
Authors: Jacob Robin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the IP world in the pre-IPKat age and the time of The IPKat’s birth in 2003. It looks first at the sparsity of case law sources available to IP lawyers between the 1960s (when the author commenced life as an IP barrister) through to the first years of the new millennium, when The IPKat came on stream, offering a welcome and much-needed resource. The chapter then turns to consider some of the IP cases decided by the author in 2003 (the year he transitioned from the High Court of England and Wales to the Court of Appeal), and picks out some notable IPKat posts of the same year.
IP in the English Court System
Authors: Arnold Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the changes which have occurred over the last twenty years in the way IP cases are handled by the English court system. There have been changes in the court system itself; in the judiciary, both full-time and part-time; in procedure and practice; in alternative dispute resolution; in court technology; and in IP litigation itself. Nevertheless, there has been considerable continuity in the way IP cases are handled by the English courts. The story has been one of steady evolution, not revolution. Despite the efforts made to improve the court system, procedure and practice, and court technology, the direction of travel has been towards increasing complexity of IP litigation.
New York Right of Publicity Protects Starlets and Now Ghouls
Authors: Weiss Marie-Andrée 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lindsay Lohan was famous in the noughties as an actress and a celebrity with a somewhat turbulent life. This made Lohan part of the zeitgeist and she filed several lawsuits, claiming, unsuccessfully, that a particular advertisement was an infringement of her right to publicity, as protected by New York’s right of publicity statute. This chapter reviews the failed attempt of Lindsay Lohan to extend New York’s right of publicity statute to ‘persona’, a somewhat nebulous concept and thus difficult to protect, even though it may represent, for a plaintiff, the very essence of one’s being. This chapter also reviews recent changes to the New York statute, which now provides post-mortem, descendible, and transferable rights to performers and personalities domiciled in New York State at the time of death and protects the ‘digital replicas’ of such performers and personalities. The New York statute was first signed into law in 1903, at a time when cameras where likely to be used to intrude on someone’s privacy. New technologies create new threats now, and the new law now provides a private right of action to individuals whose likeness has been used to create sexually explicit ‘deepfakes’.
3D Trade Marks: Distinctiveness and Scope of Protection
Authors: Torelli Valentina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional trade marks are a category of non-traditional marks. They count for some of the most applied-for marks before the EUIPO. Unfortunately, when the shape of goods or packaging fails to feature additional verbal or figurative elements, three-dimensional trade marks face enormous difficulty in being granted registration and maintaining that registration afterwards. Their distinctiveness is generally challenged on the basis that they are a mere variant of the goods they represent, as their shape does not depart significantly from the norm or customs of the sector. These conditions also affect the scope of protection of three-dimensional trade marks. Accordingly, a stakeholder policy approach to set out a framework for the assessment of distinctiveness of three-dimensional trade marks is certainly desirable.
Context of Use in Colour Marks
Authors: Jacobi Jan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Directive (EU) 2015/2436 colours are specifically mentioned as signs of which a trade mark may consist. Yet, an analysis of several landmark decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as an exploration on the nature of colours and signs, reveals that colours are not evidentially signs. Only in a certain context of use may a colour become a sign. This chapter examines how the context of use should be understood and discusses its consequences for colour marks. The chapter also reflects on decisions by national courts which reveal a different approach with respect to imposing a context of use as a requirement for a colour to be a sign.
Trolls, Sharks, and Privateers: Twenty Years of Patent Assertion Entities
Authors: Sautier Bertrand 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) have been discussed for more than twenty years and have greatly influenced patent licensing as a whole. The PAEs’ operating model has evolved tremendously and is no longer exclusive to the US. As technology convergence has progressed, a diversification of industries in which PAEs operate has also occurred. The analytical framework proposed in this chapter is based on the functions of patent law, used as a compass to evaluate the patent system through the lens of patent market events. Whilst certain abuses by PAEs are problematic, because they lead to extracting income from acquired patents in disproportionate levels to the value of the patents used, high-quality patents used by PAEs can provide a better incentive for innovation, including by facilitating trade on the secondary patent market.
Cybersecurity Standards and Trade Secrecy in the United States
Authors: Mireles Michael S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between cybersecurity standards and trade secrecy law in the US. This relationship is critically important because of the proliferation of data breach incidents, including ransomware attacks, and the value of secret information across many industries in the information age . The US has taken a sectoral approach to cybersecurity and over time has required more stringent cybersecurity standards for businesses. Importantly, the heightened cybersecurity standards should result in better trade secret protection; however, some ill-prepared businesses may discover that their purported trade secrets may not be actually or legally protected because of a lapse in compliance with cybersecurity standards.
Punitive Damages for Intellectual Property Rights Infringement in China
Authors: Lu Tian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Promoting punitive damages in China for intellectual property rights infringements mainly lies in the expectation of raising infringement costs as a deterrence measure and making up the weak points of the current modalities of remedies. After years of developments, China’s laws have established a preliminarily four-pillar system for punitive damages in intellectual property (IP) disputes, supported by the Civil Code of China, IP laws, the Supreme People’s Court of China’s judicial interpretation, and specific cases. The four-pillar system is still in its initial stage, showing notable contradictions, harsh legislation, and uncertainty in operation. This article provides an overview and critical assessment of China’s IP punitive damages framework and characteristics, which reveals several concerns, including its obstacles in implementation and a lack of attention to the legitimate interests of other parties. This chapter thus proposes that punitive damages, as a quasi-criminal sanction, as well as its scope of application must be much further narrowed and clarified by establishing adequately clear definitions and restraints concerning every aspect. The subsequent institutional designs should better fulfil the social benefits of IP punitive damages as a tool to prevent infringement, rather than being a mere punishment per se.
Unjustified Threats in the Online Space
Authors: Wilson Eleanor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Unjustified threats to bring proceedings for intellectual property infringement are restrained by the Intellectual Property (Unjustified Threats) Act 2017 (‘the 2017 Act’). This chapter considers the interplay between that legislation and the reporting and takedown regimes of online selling platforms. Prior to the 2017 Act, the question of that interplay had been considered by the UK courts in a number of interim decisions, but the question was not explored subsequently until a patent decision in 2022. This chapter considers the nature of the various threats to sue in respect of intellectual property infringement made in the online space and argues that takedown notices on online sales platforms constitute threats pursuant to the 2017 Act, and tentatively suggests how takedown regimes could be modified to make it clear whether a threat of litigation is intended.
The Meanings of AI
Authors: Cave Stephen , Dihal Kanta , Hollanek Tomasz , Katsuno Hirofumi , Liu Yang , Taillandier Apolline , White Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates and compares the different meanings and connotations of the term ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) across a range of languages. It starts with a brief account of the coining of the term by John McCarthy in 1956 and examines the connotations and cultural histories of ‘intelligence’ and ‘artificial’ in English. It then investigates what happens to those connotations when the term is translated and popularized in non-Anglophone and non-Western cultures. It examines how in some cases, such as many European languages, other cultural-linguistic groups have reproduced these associations; while in others, the English term is widely used, but with wholly different connotations, as in Japan. This chapter investigates the terms used to denote intelligent machines in five language groups—Germanic, Slavonic, Romance, Chinese, Japanese—to elucidate the value-laden character of the terminology and explore its influence on the perceptions of contemporary AI technologies around the globe.
The Android as a New Political Subject
Authors: Lima Eleonora 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how the new political sensitivity of 1980s Italy found expression through images of androids and cyborgs, embodying a new rebellious subject: fluid, highly technological, urban, and more at ease with pop culture references than with Marxist ones. The most prominent example is the comic strip Ranxerox (1978–1986), whose protagonist is a violent, uninhibited, and amoral android, created by a group of dissident college students as a weapon against the police. Born as an expression of Italian youth counterculture, Ranxerox soon became an internationally acclaimed phenomenon, making it a privileged text to explore the peculiarity of artificial intelligence (AI) narratives in Italy at the dawn of postmodernism and the information society. The chapter first analyses the cultural and political environment that produced the comic and its transnational reception, and then demonstrates how Italian cyberpunk and its peculiar reading of AI and cyborgs stemmed directly from the political experiences of the 1970s.
German Science Fiction Literature Exploring AI
Authors: Esselborn Hans 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter first outlines relevant German cultural characteristics: enormous interest in science and technology, but also fundamental scepticism about machines. It then distinguishes two phases in the portrayal of artificial intelligence (AI) in German science fiction. From the 1960s, cybernetics and the increasing use of computers inspired Herbert W. Franke to write several innovative texts on supercomputers controlling societies and developing from tool to ally or technocratic ruler. In the twenty-first century, the novels of Dietmar Dath, Andreas Brandhorst, Frank Schätzing, and Thore D. Hansen portray the dangers of self-learning programs, and their awakening to a singularity that can achieve supremacy, but also save the world. All authors describe AI in an ambivalent way, as a slave, tyrant, saviour, or corrupter.
Imaginaries of Technology and Subjectivity
Authors: Areco Macarena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is imagined in the science fiction (SF) of contemporary Chilean author Jorge Baradit. Its case studies are three works—Ygdrasil (2005/2019), Trinidad (2007), and Synco (2008/2018)—all set in dystopian contexts where technology is harnessed in the service of a diabolical enterprise designed to enslave human beings. Analysing these works serves to develop a better sense of the nature of Latin American approaches to conceptualizing the current post-Fordist era, in which neoliberalism has come to reign so supreme as to be mistaken for reality itself. Baradit represents technology and AI solely as instruments of alienation and domination. Human beings do not control these technologies, nor do they serve human ends; rather, they are deployed in the service of economic systems pursuing projects whose true masterminds are unknown agents motivated by inscrutable objectives, leading to nothing but slavery and suffering.
AI Oasis?
Authors: Dihal Kanta , Hollanek Tomasz , Rizk Nagla , Weheba Nadine , Cave Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
While people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been imagining intelligent machines since the Islamic Golden Age (ninth to fourteenth centuries), Western perceptions of progress influence their hopes and dreams for the future of technology. This chapter maps local visions of technological progress onto the region’s complicated past and contemporary economic and political struggles. We identify several narrative threads as pivotal to the understanding of MENA conceptions of futures with intelligent machines: colonialism, visions of the utopian past (rather than future), national and regional politics, and gender relations. Uncovering these narratives requires a nuanced approach, taking into consideration not only directly expressed stories, but also more elusive imaginaries—embodied by the local start-up ecosystem or online communities, for example. This chapter argues that understanding the soft power of technology as a means of expression, especially as it intersects with voices of resistance, is critical to appreciating AI imaginaries in MENA.
Development and Developmentalism of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kim So Young 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The AlphaGo match of March 2016 in South Korea rendered the esoteric technology of artificial intelligence (AI) a household name, with the following four years witnessing a huge outpouring of related policies. This chapter explores the central features of South Korean policy discourse on AI, revealing the imprints of developmental state legacies. Most notably, an instrumentalist understanding of AI has been prevalent in government and business sectors, with AI promoted primarily as a new ‘engine of growth’. Another feature is the re-emergence of the ‘catching-up’ mantra that dominated the nation’s earlier developmental decades. Government policies to build up AI capacities rely heavily on the need to catch up with advanced countries, citing a risk of lagging behind in the global technology wars. The chapter concludes with a brief cross-national analysis of public perceptions of AI, which again shows the strong influence of developmentalism on the public discourse on AI in South Korea.
Sovereignty, International Law, and the Princely States of Colonial South Asia
Authors: Saksena Priyasha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This book examines the relationship between colonialism and international law by focusing on debates surrounding the legal status of the ‘princely states’ of colonial South Asia. The princely states were ruled by indigenous rulers and were not considered to be British territory. Instead, they remained subject to British influence exercised through political officers, resulting in enduring controversies over whether they were ‘sovereign states’. This book traces how the language of sovereignty became the discourse for debating the legal status of the princely states and, in this way, mediated the exercise of political power in colonial South Asia. Focusing on the period between the mid-eighteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, it examines how international lawyers, British politicians, colonial officials, rulers and bureaucrats of princely states, and anticolonial nationalists continually redefined the concept of sovereignty. Assertions of sovereignty enabled these players to rely on the vocabulary of international law to resolve questions of legal status, the extent of rights, and the proper exercise of powers, and to construct a political order that was in line with their interests and aspirations. By invoking the vernacular of sovereignty in contrasting ways to support their differing visions of world order, these actors also attempted to reconfigure the boundaries among the spheres of the national, the imperial, and the international. Exploring the disputes and debates over the princely states is, therefore, key to understanding the history of sovereignty, the construction of the modern Indian nation-state, and the scope and stakes of international law itself.
Building the Nation
Authors: Saksena Priyasha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter excavates the role that ideas of sovereignty played in the decolonization of South Asia. Many plans for the devolution of power were predicated on divisible sovereignty and advanced frameworks with multiple layers of authority; these included proposals for a loose confederation of the British Indian provinces and the princely states. Even after the partition of British India into the dominions of India and Pakistan, the princely states continued to seek independence or loose association agreements with the new political entities. This chapter traces the manner in which a particular conception of sovereignty—that of exclusive, absolute territoriality, focused on the creation of centralized economic units—became dominant in the years of decolonization, while drowning out visions of these alternative political orders. Instead, a majority of the states were integrated into the dominion of India on account of the demands imposed by developmentalism on the new postcolonial political order resulting in the centralization of sovereign authority. To illustrate this process, this chapter relies on the arguments made by Indian and Hyderabad state officials before the United Nations in relation to a dispute over the state’s legal status and its invasion by the Indian army in 1948. After the withdrawal of Hyderabad’s petition, the princely states disappeared as separate political entities from the South Asian landscape, with the articulation of territorial sovereignty playing a key role in the construction of a unified Indian state space.