bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade-in Goods and Trade in Services: The Picture After 2008
Authors: Noor Thuhid , Tabassum Bushra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The goods and services sectors are contributing to a larger scale of GDP in OECD countries following the great recession of 2008. Using a structural gravity model and the constructed home bias index in a panel structure from 2007 to 2017 for OECD countries, this paper shows that trade in goods facilitates trade in services for the USA and the UK. Also, the USA has the highest magnitudes with a surplus in the services sector among all OECD countries. At the country level, a country with higher trade in goods will have more top trade in services. This study finds that the pattern of trade for OECD countries is ambiguous. Surprisingly, the services sector is growing faster than the goods sector in Canada after 2015 as the Canadian government opened the door to skilled immigrants.
JEL Codes: F13, F14, F15, and F62.
Does occupational radiation exposure affect retinal nerve fiber thickness?
Authors: Koc Hakan , Ozen Serkan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the thickness of peripapillary nerve fibers in radiation-exposed healthcare workers.
Method
The study included 60 radiation-exposed healthcare workers and 60 healthy control groups. SD-OCT was used to measure mean peripapillary RNFL thickness along with peripapillary RNFL thickness in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal quadrants.
Results
The mean age of the subjects participating in the study was 37 ± 6.3 in the radiation-exposed group and 38 ± 4.9 in the control group. The mean duration of exposure to radiation in healthcare workers was 11 ± 5 years. While the mean total rim thickness was 94.25 ± 8.2 in the radiation exposed group, it was 102.8 ± 7.4 in the control group. (p < 0.001) The mean superior rim thickness was 123.93 ± 15.13 in the radiation exposed group, was measured as 129.75 ± 14.64 in the control group. (p = 0.34) While the mean inferior rim thickness was 110.88 ± 13.43 in the group exposed to radiation, it was 130.08 ± 13.44 in the control group. (p < 0.001) The mean nasal rim thickness was 70.25 ± 9.50 in the group exposed to radiation, while it was 75.38 ± 13.77 in the control group. (p = 0.46) While the mean temporal rim thickness was 71.77 ± 8.73 in the group exposed to radiation, it was measured as 75.78 ± 13.15 in the control group. (p = 0.52). Significant thinning of nerve fiber thickness was found statistically significant in all and especially the inferior quadrants of the healthcare workers exposed to radiation compared to the control group.
Conclusion
After at least 5 years of radiation exposure, the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibers may decrease in healthcare workers.
Weak interaction based interpretation of crystal packing characteristics of aromatic rings accumulating molecules: Hirshfeld surface analyses reinforced X-ray crystal study on 1,8-dibenzoyl-7-ethoxynaphthalen-2- ol and its 2-ethoxylated homologue
Authors: Iida Kikuko , Doi Taiki , Isogai-Koda Atsumi , Noguchi Keiichi , Yonezawa Noriyuki , Okamoto Akiko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The molecular vicinity characteristics in the crystal of two
dibenzoylnaphthalene derivatives having intimately similar
molecular formula with solely one substituent difference, 2-hydroxy
group or 2-ethoxy one, were comparatively investigated in relation
to the types of weak interactions with the aid of X-ray
crystal structural study reinforced by Hirshfeld surface analyses
and two-dimensional plotting of the normalised interatomic distance
crossing the molecular surface. The general X-ray crystal
structural analysis has selected the effective non-covalent bonding
intra/intermolecular interactions as the governing interactions for
the molecular packing on the basis of short interatomic distances.
The minute spatial structure around respective interaction
demonstrates the characteristics of the non-covalent bonding
interatomic interactions. The general X-ray crystal structural
analysis also reveals the relationship between the whole
crystalline symmetricity and the fashion of the interactions. The
Hirshfeld surface analysis displays the location of the short
contacts on the molecular surface. The two-dimensional plotting
reveals the contribution of the interacting atomic pairs covering
the molecular surfaces as the geometrical distribution of the
effective intermolecular non-covalent bonding interactions. The
difference in the revealed packing features and whole proximity for
two compounds are rationally interpreted according to the strength
categorization of the non-covalent bonding interactions especially
in relation with the proportional/disproportional distribution of
the molecular contact index. The comparison illustrates the
superior intermolecular interaction concentrates the short
interatomic distances and strain at the specified region of the
molecular aggregate resulting in arise of satisfactory flexibility
of the extroverted sides to realise highly symmetrical
interactions.
Cell clusters in intervertebral disc degeneration:An attempted repair mechanism aborted via apoptosis
Authors: Lama Polly 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Cell clusters are a histological hallmark feature of intervertebral disc degeneration. Clusters arise from cell proliferation, are associated with replicative senescence, and remain metabolically active. Their precise role in stages of disc degeneration remain obscure. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate small, medium, and large size cell-clusters during degeneration. For this purpose, human disc samples were collected from 55 subjects, aged 37-72 years, 21 patients had disc herniation, 10 had degenerated non-herniated discs, and 9 had degenerative scoliosis of spinal curvature < 45°. 15 non-degenerated control discs were from cadavers. To corelate, abnormal loading on clustering process, 18-month-old, 10 male and 10 female sprague dawley rat spines were compressed with a custom-built loading device to induce tissue damage and stimulate attempted repair response. Clusters and matrix changes were investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry, and SDS-PAGE. Data obtained were analyzed with spearman rank correlation and ANOVA. Results revealed, small and medium-sized clusters were positive for cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in control, slightly degenerated human, and rat discs loaded for <= 7 days. Large cell clusters were typically more abundant in severely degenerated and herniated human discs, and in rat discs loaded for <=30 days. Large clusters associated with matrix fissures, proteoglycan loss, MMP-1, and Caspase-3. Spatial association findings were reconfirmed with SDS-PAGE that showed the presence of target markers within the dense matrix by its molecular weight. Controls, slightly degenerated discs showed smaller clusters, less proteoglycan loss, MMP-1, and caspase 3. In conclusion, this study shows cell clusters in the early stages of degeneration could be indicative of repair, however sustained loading and inflammatory catabolism alters cellular metabolism facilitating formation of large clusters, thus attempted repair process fails and is aborted at least in part via apoptosis.
Efficiency evaluation of public hospitals in Kuwait: an application of data envelopment analysis
Authors: Alsabah Abdullah M. , Alatawi Ahmed D. , Koornneef Erik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Kuwait overall health expenditure, in 2019, was 5.5% from the gross-domestic product and the state is the biggest healthcare provider in secondary and tertiary hospitals. Hospital efficiency and productivity are, therefore, an important issue to analyse, specifically in terms of number of visits to outpatient clinics, the number of surgical procedures performed, bed turnover and bed occupancy. Data envelopment analysis has been used to provide insights in the understanding of this growth in other countries.
Methods: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to estimate technical and scale efficiency scores for seventeen public hospitals in Kuwait from 2015 to 2019 using a two-stage DEA. Technical efficiency scores were regressed against institutional characteristics using Tobit regression to investigate the determinants of efficiency differences amongst hospitals.
Results: The mean technical efficiency score for all hospitals was 75%, and it improved by 1% since 2015. The mean pure technical efficiency score was 85% in 2015 and improved to 86% in 2019. The mean scale efficiency score was 89% in 2015 and decreased to 88% in 2019. Only five hospitals were constantly technically and scale efficient. Tobit regression showed that hospital efficiency was significantly associated with the hospital level (secondary or tertiary), number of beds, bed occupancy rate and the average length of stay.
Conclusions: Most public hospitals in Kuwait were not technically and scale efficient, but improvements were observed in the overall scores and pure technical efficiencies of these hospitals throughout the study. The identification of the factors influencing efficiency is crucial for hospital managers and policymakers to take evidence-based decisions to improve the technical efficiency of the main health-producing units in the country.
Studying the Awareness of Syrian Private University Students About H. Pylori
Authors: Shekri Ahmad , dayoub Kumait , Ali Ayman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that affects up to 50% of the population worldwide. In our study, we aim to determine the level of awareness of the students of the Syrian Private University about this germ. Methods: A cross-sectional study in which a knowledge questionnaire was relied upon that included asking about a group of personal information and measuring knowledge of H. pylori, and this knowledge was tested with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Our study shows that there is average knowledge among university students about H. pylori, and their information is closely related to previous knowledge of the bacterium, the academic year, and sources of knowledge.
Influence and viability of IgG with altering ionic strength for multianalysis on microprinted biosensor.
Authors: Sruj D M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper elaborates on the biochemical nature of an IgG in a low or deionized environment. It has comparisons with two extremes of ionic strength, one is the Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffer Saline (DPBS) and the other is the Deionised water (DIW). The experimentation performed is a prerequisite for orientation and immobilization of the IgG by exploiting its dipolar nature. However, no electric field is used in this setup, but the functionality of Ab-Ag interaction in respective media is emphasized. An additional epoxy layer has been used as support matrix to hold the capture IgG molecules, and also to understand its survival in a non-ionic atmosphere. A non-competent site directed assay is chosen, a mathematical estimate of the fluorescent endpoint can be analyzed and minimize the sample preparation time. The device built, is a step towards miniaturized immunosensor and a microarray is designed with improvisations for better signal and noise estimations. Therefore, the substrate developed is portable and aids quick analysis of multiple samples on microprinted platform.
Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia
Authors: Effendi Tiar Oktavian , Setyawan Ungky , Putra Ngakan , Erawati Dini 
Published: March 2023

Background : Lipoid pneumonia is a rare disease and usually reported as sporadic cases. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a more common form of lipoid pneumonia. Untypical characteristics makes incidence rate of this cases are often imprecise. The diagnosis is made from a history of lipid containing material aspiration, radiologic imaging, and histopathological examination. There is no treatment of choice because diagnosis of this cases are rarely made.
Case Report : We report one case at Dr. Saiful Anwar hospital, a 35 years old man with accidental kerosene ingestion and aspiration. Based on examination of the patient, laboratory results, radiological imaging, and BAL fluid analysis and cytology, diagnosis of exogenous lipoid pneumonia was made. Our treatment of choice was combination of antibiotic, corticosteroid and BAL to manage this patient. After 2 weeks of treatment, there were improvements on clinical and radiological imaging.
Conclusion: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare disease. Using antibiotic, corticosteroid, and BAL through bronchoscopy can be a therapeutic option that provides clinical and radiological improvement.
Key words : Lipoid Pneumonia, Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia, Treatment of Lipoid Pneumonia
A 30-year-old Woman with Multiple-Sites Metastasis Lung Adenocarcinoma and Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Naftali Yokanan , Sugiri Jani Jane Rosihaningsih , Pratiwi Suryanti Dwi , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo 
Published: March 2023

Background: Adenocarcinoma is the most common Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in non-smokers in Indonesia. It often metastasizes in multiple sites. Metastasis is a negative predictor for prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. In this covid pandemic era we present a case of a 30-years-old woman with adenocarcinoma and multiple-sites metastasis, and Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19).
Case: A 30-year-old woman came to our hospital with multiple complaints of hearing loss, visual loss, and occasional shortness of breath. The patient had a history of wild-type EGFR adenocarcinoma and has been treated with 4 cycles of gemcitabine. She also presented with a lump in her neck. Further examination revealed multiple metastasis tumours in her brain, right eye, neck, and spine. Pleural fluid examination also showed a malignant pleural effusion. Nasopharyngeal swab using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) method revealed that she also suffers from COVID-19 with positive swab result. Despite adequate treatment, she rapidly deteriorates and passed away in hospital.
Discussion: Management in this patient is complex due to multiple complications and limitation of management given in COVID-19 isolation ward. She presented with multiple equally complicated metastasis, in which treatment priority should be carefully assessed. Despite treatment by multiple specialists, her problems still persist and proved to be fatal.
Conclusion: Although metastasis is common in adenocarcinoma, multiple metastasis is uncommon, and this case highlights the need of careful management priority in such patients in COVID-19 pandemic setting.
Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Multiple Metastasis, Lung Cancer, COVID-19
360° Diagnostic Tool to Personalize Lifestyle Advice in Primary Care for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Harakeh Zeena , de Hoogh Iris M , van Keulen Hilde , Kalkman Gino , van Someren Eugene , van Empelen Pepijn , Otten Wilma 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundVarious multifaceted factors need to be addressed to improve the health and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, we developed a web-based decision support tool that comprises a more holistic diagnosis (including 4 domains: body, thinking and feeling, behavior, and environment) and personalized advice. This 360° diagnostic tool enables people with T2D and health care professionals at the general practice to obtain an overview of the most important T2D-related issues and, subsequently, determine the most suitable intervention for the person with T2D.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the systematic and iterative development and evaluation of the web-based 360° diagnostic tool.MethodsWe defined the requirements for the web-based 360° diagnostic tool based on previously developed tools, a literature review, and inputs from a multidisciplinary team of experts. As part of the conceptualization, we defined 3 requirements: diagnostics; feedback; and advice, consultation, and follow-up. Next, we developed and designed the content for each of these requirements. We evaluated the diagnostic part of the tool (ie, measurement instruments and visualization) with a qualitative design, in a usability study with a think-aloud strategy and interview questions, among 8 people with T2D at a Dutch general practice.ResultsFor each of the 4 domains, specific parameters and underlying elements were selected, and measurement instruments (including clinical data and questionnaires) were chosen. Cutoff values were defined to identify high-, middle-, and low-ranking scores, and decision rules were developed and implemented using R scripts and algorithms. A traffic light color visual design was created (profile wheel) to provide an overview of the scores per domain. We mapped the interventions that could be added to the tool and developed a protocol designed as a card deck with motivational interview steps. Furthermore, the usability study showed that people with T2D perceived the tool as easy to use, useful, easy to understand, and insightful.ConclusionsPreliminary evaluation of the 360° diagnostic tool by experts, health care professionals, and people with T2D showed that the tool was considered relevant, clear, and practical. The iterative process provided insights into the areas of improvement, which were implemented. The strengths, shortcomings, future use, and challenges are also discussed.
Hesitancy to Undergo SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Testing in China: Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lu Zhen , Fu Leiwen , Yang Luoyao , Tian Tian , Gao Yanxiao , Meng Xiaojun , Zou Huachun 
Published: March 2023

Background
SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing (RAT) could be a useful supplementary test to diagnose larger numbers of acute asymptomatic infections and alleviate the limitations of polymerase chain reaction testing. However, hesitancy to undergo SARS-CoV-2 RAT may compromise its implementation.

Objective
We aimed to understand the prevalence and correlates of hesitancy to undergo RAT among adults not infected with SARS-CoV-2 in mainland China.

Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey on hesitancy to undergo SARS-CoV-2 RAT was conducted among adults not infected with SARS-CoV-2 in mainland China between April 29, 2022, and May 10, 2022. Participants completed an online questionnaire that covered the following COVID-19–related factors: sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of COVID-19 restrictions and knowledge of COVID-19, and attitude toward COVID-19 and its screening. This study was a secondary analysis of data from the survey. We compared the characteristics of participants by hesitancy to undergo SARS-CoV-2 RAT. Thereafter, logistic regression with a sparse group minimax concave penalty was used to identify correlates of hesitancy to undergo RAT.

Results
We recruited 8856 individuals with diverse demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics in China. Eventually, 5388 participants (valid response rate of 60.84%; 52.32% [2819/5388] women; median age 32 years) were included in the analysis. Among the 5388 participants, 687 (12.75%) expressed hesitancy to undergo RAT and 4701 (87.25%) were willing to undergo RAT. Notably, those who were from the central region (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.815, 95% CI 1.441-2.278) and those who received COVID-19 information from traditional media (aOR 1.544, 95% CI 1.279-1.863) were significantly more likely to report hesitancy to undergo RAT (both P<.001). However, those who were women (aOR 0.720, 95% CI 0.599-0.864), were older (aOR 0.982, 95% CI 0.969-0.995), had postgraduate education (aOR 0.612, 95% CI 0.435-0.858), had children (<6 years old) and elders (>60 years old) in the family (aOR 0.685, 95% CI 0.510-0.911), had better knowledge about COVID-19 (aOR 0.942, 95% CI 0.916-0.970), and had mental health disorders (aOR 0.795, 95% CI 0.646-0.975) were less likely to report hesitancy to undergo RAT.

Conclusions
Hesitancy to undergo SARS-CoV-2 RAT was low among individuals who were not yet infected with SARS-CoV-2. Efforts should be made to improve the awareness and acceptance of RAT among men, younger adults, individuals with a lower education or salary, families without children and elders, and individuals who access COVID-19 information via traditional media. In a reopening world, our study could inform the development of contextualized mass screening strategies in general and the scale-up of RAT in particular, which remains an indispensable option in emergency preparedness.
Faktor Penyebab Isteri Tidak Memenuhi Kewajiban Terhadap Suami Dalam Rumah Tangga
Authors: Alidar EMK , Rispalman Rispalman , Maisarah Riska 
Published: March 2023

All couples expect a harmonious family or sakinah mawadah warahmah. Ideally to create a household that is sakinah mawadah and warohmah needed a uniform understanding of the rights and obligations between husband and wife. Husband and wife must always carry out their respective obligations in the household. But differently what happened in Syiah Kuala Subdistrict is that the wife did not fulfill her obligations to her husband in the household. In Islamic law, wives should carry out their obligations to serve their husbands, but what happens in Syiah Kuala Subdistrict is that many wives neglect their obligations. This kind of wife is called nusyuz. The problem that wants to be examined in this study is the first, whether the factors that cause the wife not to fulfill the obligation to the husband in the household in Syiah Kuala Subdistrict, the second, how is the impact and legal consequences for wives who do not fulfill their obligations to husbands in the household in Syiah Kuala Subdistrict. This research uses a case approach (Case Approach) which is to examine cases related to issues in the field. The results in this study do not meanthat the factors that cause the wife not to fulfill her obligations to the husband in Syiah Kuala subdistrict are economic pressure factors, career factors, harmony factors of spousal relationships, and domestic violence factors. As for the impact that occurs in the field for wives who nusyuz ini is, there is commotion or domestic violence (Domestic Violence), Infidelity, Hated and not dipeayaihusband, and divorce. Then in Islam the legal consequences for the wife who does not fulfill the obligations to her husband ialah become a wife who disobeys or nusyuz towards the husband. In addition, wives like this also do not deserve aliving from the husband.
Bayani, Burhani And Irfani's Approach In Ijtihad Jama’i In The Muhammadiyah Pandemic Covid-19 Emergency Fiqh
Authors: Nikmah Nikmah 
Published: March 2023

Covid-19 had shocked the world because it became a global pandemic in a short time, including in Indonesia. To counteract the spread, the government through the Ministry of Health has released guidelines for the prevention of Covid-19. These guidelines include recommendations for wearing masks, physical distancing, and not leaving the house, especially for areas with high transmission rates. This has an impact on Muslim worship activities including congregational prayers at mosques and mushalla, so a quick response is needed for this. The Muhammadiyah Tarjih and Tajdid Council, one of the fatwa institutions that was quick to respond to this incident, immediately released several fatwas. The guide was produced through an ijtihad jama’I which was not only attended by Muhammadiyah scholars but also experts from the health sector, by implementing the bayani, burhani, and irfani approaches. The purpose of this writing is to find out how the Tarjih and Tajdid Assembly implements these three approaches in determining the fiqh law of a pandemic emergency, especially in the fatwa of canceling congregational prayers, praying at a distance and praying while wearing a mask. To reach this goal the author uses library research using a descriptive analysis approach to describe the results of the author's analysis. The results of this study state that in these fatwas the bayani, burhani and irfani approaches are used in an integrative, complementary, and perfecting way, not used separately which makes the practical benefits of the three cannot be achieved optimally.