bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Burnout among Ophthalmology Educators
Authors: Sealey Karissa N. , Blatt Stephen A. , Legault Gary L. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Syed Misha F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose This article assesses the prevalence of burnout among ophthalmology educators and identifies opportunities to improve well-being in this population.
Methods The research team conducted a cross-sectional study using an institutional review board-exempt survey addressing the domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, intent to leave, and interest in wellness activities. Survey participants included ophthalmology residency program directors (PDs) and associate PDs (APDs) who are members of the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO). Analysis involved a top-box approach.
Results Surveys were sent to 175 members with a response rate of 38.9%. Percentages of survey respondents reporting either (1) “never” or (2) “less than a few times per year” when asked to self-assess for certain manifestations of burnout are as follows: “considering residents as impersonal objects” (95.2%), “becoming more callous towards people” (90.3%), and “becoming emotionally hardened” (80.6%). Approximately 65% of ophthalmology educators reported never considering or rarely considering leaving their position in the year prior to completing the survey. For wellness promotion among AUPO educators, the greatest interest was in small group mentoring sessions (85%) and webinars on wellness-related topics (70%).
Conclusion The prevalence of burnout symptoms among ophthalmology educators compares favorably to educators from other specialties. Ophthalmology PDs and APDs demonstrate a greater degree of personal accomplishment than do their cohorts within other specialties, suggesting a decreased likelihood of burnout onset among ophthalmology educators. Furthermore, our study's job satisfaction data reveal a high degree of satisfaction among ophthalmology PDs and APDs.
The Importance of Engaging in Scientific Research during Medical Training
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Makaryus Amgad N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany components of required skills and competencies exist, and are felt to contribute to the successful completion of training for independent practice in the medical field as a physician. These requirements are documented and detailed in a temporal fashion during the training period and used for advancement during training as well as documentation of successful completion of that training. While clinical skill development that allows optimal care and treatment of patients is of utmost importance during this training, other components of the training are important and contribute to the ideal development of a well-rounded and credentialed physician. One of these other components which is very important and needs to be recognized is the engagement of medical trainees across disciplines in academic and research scholarly activity. This engagement is an important component of medical training, and the development of skills and didactics geared toward efficient and accurate performance of research is essential.
From Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision to Transanal Transection with Single-Stapled: Evolution of Transanal Techniques
Authors: Crippa Jacopo , Foppa Caterina , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe last decades have seen a remarkable improvement in colorectal surgery, as new techniques and protocols have been developed and adopted. Restoring the continuity of the intestinal tract after low rectal surgery remains one unresolved challenge. The development of new transanal techniques to approach the lowest rectum paved the way for a switch in mentality. Transanal total mesorectal excision has seen a steep adoption by colorectal surgeons, combining the transanal pathway with the use of minimally invasive techniques to overcome the historical difficulties of the anterior approach. One step ahead in the evolution of the transanal approach could be represented by the recently described transanal transection with single stapled technique, developed to address the main concerns of previous transanal approaches thus providing oncological and functional balance.
Radiographic Evaluation of Fractured and Non-Fractured Metacarpal Bones in Holstein Calves Subjected to Pulling during Dystocia
Authors: Akin Ibrahim , Sevil-Kilimci Figen , Yaygingul Rahime , Bardakcioglu Husnu Erbay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the transverse cortical cross-sections of the metacarpal bones of newborn calves subjected to pulling during dystocia.
Materials and Methods In total, radiographs of 63 metacarpal bones (35 fractured and 28 non-fractured) of 50 Holstein calves were evaluated in this study. According to the declaration of the owners, all calves were pulled by their metacarpal bones during parturition.The periosteal and endosteal diameters, medial and lateral cortical thicknesses and dorsal and palmar cortical thicknesses were measured. Furthermore, the total, cortical and medullary areas of each section, moments of inertia on the X and Y axes, major and minor principal moments of inertia, angle of rotation of the axis and polar moment of inertia were calculated. The data were analysed by sex and body weight.
Results Body weight did not affect the bone status. However, females had a 6.5 times higher risk of bone fracture as compared with the males (p = 0.001). The lateral cortical thickness of the fractured bones in the female animals was thinner than that of the male animals (p = 0.001).
Conclusion These results can be used to improve dystocia manipulations, encourage the development of new tools for dystocia and the treatment of metacarpal fractures in calves.
Role of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Species Identification of Acinetobacter Strains
Authors: Krishnaraj Anusha , Gupta Pratima , Bhatia Mohit , Omar Balram Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years.
Objectives The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of Acinetobacter species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system.
Materials and Methods The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. They were all identified using MALDI-TOF MS and compared with other two identification systems.
Statistical Analysis Comparison of categorical variables by Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test was done. All statistical tools were two tailed, and a significant level p < 0.05 was used. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS v22.0 (Armonk IBM Corp., New York, United States). Cohen's kappa coefficients were also calculated and used as applicable.
Results MALDI-TOF MS revealed 92 A. baumannii, 2 Acinetobacter nosocomialis, 3 Acinetobacter lwoffii, and 1 each was identified as Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Acinetobacter tandoii. There was moderate agreement between identification by MicroScan WalkAway and MALDI-TOF, and substantial agreement between conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. We found that there was a 100% categorical agreement with respect to susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) and cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime) between disk diffusion method and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. Total of 16 errors were observed.
Conclusion Although MALDI-TOF MS could be useful to identify A. baumannii but not other species in the genus, it is a rapid, reliable method and can be routinely used in clinical laboratories.
Populism, cyberdemocracy and disinformation: analysis of the social media strategies of the French extreme right in the 2014 and 2019 European elections
Authors: Carral Uxía , Tuñón Jorge , Elías Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the European elections in 2014, the populist formations had been increasing the shares of power that their masses finally claimed in the May 2019 elections. In the case of France, this rise of the Rassemblement National has even given rise to a new political regime: the Europeanism of Macron vs. the Euroscepticism of Le Pen. This paper aims to delve into the communication strategy of the latter formation, to see how it has been able to shift the party’s fascist image towards that of a protector of national sovereignty and interests (against the European ones). To this end, the 1256 tweets posted on its official Twitter profile during the fortnight of the 2014 and 2019 European election campaigns have been qualitatively analysed. The results point to a whitening of its image, in order to present itself as a potential voting option for the majority of the French electorate while retaining a certain populist essence.
Development of a removable three-dimensional magnetic probe system for measuring field null on the NanChang Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Ouyang T. B. , Chen H. , Liu S. Q. , Chen X. C. , Yang X. S. , Hou M. , Zhao Z. Y. 
Published: January 2023

The field null configuration of a poloidal magnetic field is one of the critical conditions for achieving Ohmic breakdown during the initial discharge of a new tokamak. The issue of the Ohmic breakdown on the NanChang Spherical Tokamak (NCST) is still not solved satisfactorily although plasma currents of about 2 kA were found. Hence, a removable three-dimensional magnetic probe (RTMP) system consisting of 25 magnetic probes was designed, calibrated, and constructed on the NCST to evaluate the field null inside a vacuum vessel. After repeated tests, the RTMP system exhibited outstanding performance in terms of accuracy and stability with errors of about 1%. Meanwhile, the RTMP system successfully measured the toroidal field (TF) coil ripples at the magnetic axis. During experiments, the stray field arising from the TF coil implied a strong link between the flexible connection of the TF coil and the Ohmic breakdown on the NCST. After the field null was effectively modified by using a new flexible connection of the TF coil and controlling the induced current in the poloidal field coil, the NCST tokamak reproducibly obtained 20 kA plasma current with the limiter configuration during the plasma current flat-top phase.
Magneto-thermal conductivity effect and enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit in Ag2Te
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Kuga Kentaro , Matsunami Masaharu , Zhu Minyue , Heremans Joseph P. , Takeuchi Tsunehiro 
Published: January 2023

In this study, we report a large magneto-thermal conductivity effect, potentially usable in heat flow switches and thermoelectric devices, in Ag2Te over a wide temperature range, including room temperature. When a magnetic field of μ0H = 9 T is applied to Ag2Te at 300 K along the direction perpendicular to the heat and electric currents, the thermal conductivity κ decreases by a remarkable 61%. This effect is mainly caused by the suppressed electronic thermal conductivity in association with a significant magnetoresistance effect, but the suppression of the thermal conductivity is larger than that of the electrical conductivity, presumably due to a field-induced decrease in the Lorenz ratio. Its very low lattice thermal conductivity, as low as 0.5 W m−1 K−1, also greatly contributes to the large relative magneto-thermal conductivity effect. The significant decrease in thermal conductivity and the 18% increase in the Seebeck coefficient S lead to a nearly 100% increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit zT = S2σTκ−1 despite the 43% decrease in electrical conductivity σ.
The Auger spectrum of benzene
Authors: Jayadev Nayanthara K. , Ferino-Pérez Anthuan , Matz Florian , Krylov Anna I. , Jagau Thomas-C. 
Published: January 2023

We present an ab initio computational study of the Auger electron spectrum of benzene. Auger electron spectroscopy exploits the Auger–Meitner effect, and although it is established as an analytic technique, the theoretical modeling of molecular Auger spectra from first principles remains challenging. Here, we use coupled-cluster theory and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory combined with two approaches to describe the decaying nature of core-ionized states: (i) Feshbach–Fano resonance theory and (ii) the method of complex basis functions. The spectra computed with these two approaches are in excellent agreement with each other and also agree well with experimental Auger spectra of benzene. The Auger spectrum of benzene features two well-resolved peaks at Auger electron energies above 260 eV, which correspond to final states with two electrons removed from the 1e1g and 3e2g highest occupied molecular orbitals. At lower Auger electron energies, the spectrum is less well resolved, and the peaks comprise multiple final states of the benzene dication. In line with theoretical considerations, singlet decay channels contribute more to the total Auger intensity than the corresponding triplet decay channels.
Burned vegetation recovery trajectory and its driving factors using satellite remote-sensing datasets in the Great Xing’An forest region of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Qiyue , Homayouni Saeid , Zhao Pengwu , Zhou Mei 
Published: January 2023

Forest fire is one of the most important factors that alter a forest ecosystem’s biogeochemical cycle. Large-scale distributed burned areas lose their original vegetation structure and are more impacted by climate change in the vegetation recovery process, thus making it harder to restore their original vegetation structure. In this study, we used historical Landsat imagery and the LandTrendr algorithm in the Google Earth Engine platform to study and identify post-fire stages in the Great Xing’An Range of Inner Mongolia. Moreover, we categorized different post-fire vegetation recovery trajectories. The usefulness of spectral indices was also evaluated in the study region. We applied the Geodetector model to analyze the driving factors of the burned area vegetation regeneration process. The results show that burn severity and earth–atmosphere hydrological cycle are two main impacting factors in the short term after the fire (e.g. 5–6 years). Other climatical conditions affect vegetation recovery, including prolonged vegetation recovery process, hydrothermal circulation process and topographical conditions, seasonally frozen soil, freeze–thaw processes, and climate events. This study improves understanding of the dynamic successional processes in the burned area and the driving factors. Also, the outcomes can facilitate and support sustainable forest management of the Great Xing’An Range.
Impersonal passives in English and Norwegian
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates passive constructions with an expletive subject, labelled as impersonal passives. The English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) provides material for comparison across both constructions and languages. The extracted dataset shows a higher frequency of impersonal passives in Norwegian, chiefly due to two patterns that English does not have, i.e. passives with intransitive verbs and transitive verbs which retain their postverbal complement in the passive. The study considers the communicative functions of the constructions, the process types of the passivized verbs, the expression of agency, and the thematic structure of clauses with impersonal passives, finding both differences and similarities. Translations between the languages are, however, most often non-congruent, even with extraposition and parentheticals, which exist in both languages.
Towards a radically usage-based account of constructional attrition
Authors: Noël Dirk 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reflects on how the gradual disappearance of a construction from a language can be accounted for in a radically usage-based diachronic construction grammar through an exploration of how the phenomenon can be accommodated in Schmid’s (2020) Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization model. This theory of the dynamics of the linguistic system is radical in its usage-based account in that it separates collective conventionalization from individual entrenchment and models how they interact in usage. Schmid focuses on the accumulative dynamics of the system, however, and gives scant attention to subtractive/attritional developments. Considering diachronic corpus data on the decline of the Deontic nci construction, the chapter brings to bear the EC-model’s conceptual apparatus to gauge the role of individual speakers in language-level constructional attrition.
The compound pronouns someone/somebody and everyone/everybody in present-day spoken English
Authors: Butler Christopher S. , Simon-Vandenbergen Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article builds on previous research on the compound pronoun sets somebody/someone and everybody/everyone to test the hypotheses that the -one and -body forms are semantically identical, but that stylistic and social factors play a role in their relative frequencies. Earlier findings are checked in informal conversation in the Spoken BNC2014. The distribution of the variants is examined in correlation with sociolinguistic parameters, and collocational profiles of the pronouns are compared to test free variation. Our data show further ongoing change towards dominance of the -one forms. Only age significantly affects both pronoun pairs, with a minor effect of gender for the every- pair. Collocation analysis shows significant differences between some- and every- but not between -one and -body.
Iconicity in spatial deixis
Authors: Breunesse Merlijn , Diessel Holger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a cross-linguistic analysis of iconicity in demonstrative systems. Several previous studies have observed that the stem vowels of demonstratives correlate with the encoding of distance (e.g. Woodworth 1991). Nevertheless, there is little systematic research on iconicity in spatial deixis (but see Johansson & Zlatev 2013). Analyzing data from a sample of 180 languages, we argue that iconicity in demonstrative systems is a multifaceted phenomenon. In addition to demonstratives’ vowels, there are several other formal aspects of demonstratives that are arguably iconic, i.e. tone, vowel lengthening, reduplication, and word length. These results corroborate a growing body of research that emphasizes the importance of iconic motivations for the encoding of meaning and raise new questions for future research.
A cognitive-functional approach to watch as a verb of perception
Authors: Chrispin Lucy , Fontaine Lise 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the semantic and lexico-grammatical profile of watch as an atypical verb of visual perception. Although watch is classified as a behavioural process within Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday 1994; Davidse 2017), it displays features which make it difficult to categorize. We investigate the particular features of watch (including Aktionsart and complement types) through a dataset extracted from COCA (Davies 2008–), in comparison with see as a more typical verb of visual perception. Our results show that watch emerges as an agentive durative transitive verb which typically takes a distinctive event complement. Its unique profile challenges attempts to classify it, providing an example of a verb which appears to be in a fringe “transition area” (Davidse 1999: 303).
Zero-marking or nothing to mark?
Authors: McGregor William B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gooniyandi (Bunuban, Kimberley, north-west Australia), according to McGregor (1990a), has an ergative case-marker. Unusually, McGregor’s grammar does not identify a corresponding zero absolutive case-marker or case; nor does it discuss why there is none. This paper rectifies this lacuna and outlines the evidence against the recognition of an absolutive case-marker. The arguments concern both evidence for the absence of an absolutive case-marker, and absence of evidence for one. Thus it is possible to find ergativity in a grammatical subsystem of a language without corresponding absolutivity. I discuss some implications for the typology of ergativity, and examine conditions under which it is viable to identify an absolutive case and/or case-marker.
Enation and agnation in multi-level models
Authors: Keizer Evelien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Gleason’s (1965) distinction between enation (same structure, different lexemes) and agnation (different structure, same lexemes) has proved to be a crucial one for theoretical linguistics, and over the last decades functional and cognitive linguists have made important contributions to the study of (in particular) agnate relations. Nevertheless, several issues have not yet been sufficiently investigated, including the identification of less obvious agnate relations; the exact characterization of identical, similar or overlapping relations at different levels of linguistic analysis; and the role of different kinds of function words in distinguishing between enation and agnation. In this paper I argue that the distinctive features of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) make this theory ideally suited to address these issues.
The good-bad-ugly system near spatial infinity on flat spacetime
Authors: Duarte Miguel , Feng Justin , Gasperín Edgar , Hilditch David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A model system of equations that serves as a model for the Einstein field equation in generalised harmonic gauge called the good-bad-ugly system is studied in the region close to null and spatial infinity in Minkowski spacetime. This analysis is performed using H. Friedrich’s cylinder construction at spatial infinity and defining suitable conformally rescaled fields. The results are translated to the physical set up to investigate the relation between the polyhomogeneous expansions arising from the analysis of linear fields using the i
0-cylinder framework and those obtained through a heuristic method based on Hörmander’s asymptotic system.
Some remarks on relativistic fluids of divergence type
Authors: Salazar J Félix , Zannias Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Relativistic fluids of divergence type constitute a special class of fluids whose states are determined from the knowledge of a scalar generating function χ and a dissipation tensor

I

μ
ν

i.e. a second rank, symmetric and traceless tensor. Both

(
χ
,

I

μ
ν

)

depend upon fourteen variables, known in the literature as Lagrange multipliers, and these multipliers satisfy a symmetric, quasilinear, first order system determined by

(
χ
,

I

μ
ν

)

. For particular choices of the generating function χ, this system can be symmetric-hyperbolic and causal. We show in this work that this characteristic property of fluids of divergence type originates in the overdetermined nature of their dynamical equations. Combining their overdetermined nature with the work of Friedrichs on overdetermined system of conservation laws with more recent work by Boillat, Ruggeri and coworkers, we prove that fluids of divergence type are locally determined by a vector potential depending upon the Lagrange multipliers. For the case where the dynamical variables describing fluid states contain a symmetric energy momentum tensor, this vector potential is the gradient of a scalar field and this field is precisely the generating function χ introduced by Pennisi and independently by Geroch and Lindblom. Examples of scalar generating functions χ are discussed where this system is a symmetric hyperbolic and causal system in an open vicinity of equilibrium states.