bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a powered knee-ankle prosthesis improve weight-bearing symmetry during stand-to-sit transitions in individuals with above-knee amputations?
Authors: Hunt Grace R. , Hood Sarah , Gabert Lukas , Lenzi Tommaso 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
After above-knee amputation, the missing biological knee and ankle are replaced with passive prosthetic devices. Passive prostheses are able to dissipate limited amounts of energy using resistive damper systems during “negative energy” tasks like sit-down. However, passive prosthetic knees are not able to provide high levels of resistance at the end of the sit-down movement when the knee is flexed, and users need the most support. Consequently, users are forced to over-compensate with their upper body, residual hip, and intact leg, and/or sit down with a ballistic and uncontrolled movement. Powered prostheses have the potential to solve this problem. Powered prosthetic joints are controlled by motors, which can produce higher levels of resistance at a larger range of joint positions than passive damper systems. Therefore, powered prostheses have the potential to make sitting down more controlled and less difficult for above-knee amputees, improving their functional mobility.

Methods
Ten individuals with above-knee amputations sat down using their prescribed passive prosthesis and a research powered knee-ankle prosthesis. Subjects performed three sit-downs with each prosthesis while we recorded joint angles, forces, and muscle activity from the intact quadricep muscle. Our main outcome measures were weight-bearing symmetry and muscle effort of the intact quadricep muscle. We performed paired t-tests on these outcome measures to test for significant differences between passive and powered prostheses.

Results
We found that the average weight-bearing symmetry improved by 42.1% when subjects sat down with the powered prosthesis compared to their passive prostheses. This difference was significant (p = 0.0012), and every subject’s weight-bearing symmetry improved when using the powered prosthesis. Although the intact quadricep muscle contraction differed in shape, neither the integral nor the peak of the signal was significantly different between conditions (integral p > 0.01, peak p > 0.01).

Conclusions
In this study, we found that a powered knee-ankle prosthesis significantly improved weight-bearing symmetry during sit-down compared to passive prostheses. However, we did not observe a corresponding decrease in intact-limb muscle effort. These results indicate that powered prosthetic devices have the potential to improve balance during sit-down for individuals with above-knee amputation and provide insight for future development of powered prosthetics.
A study on atypical Kashin–Beck disease: an endemic ankle arthritis
Authors: Qi Fang , Cui Si-Lu , Zhang Bing , Li Hao-Nan , Yu Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo study the epidemiological characteristics of atypical Kashin–Beck disease cases without characteristic hand lesions such as interphalangeal joint enlargement and brachydactyly and the characteristics of ankle joint lesions.MethodsWe investigated Kashin–Beck in the endemic villages in Heilongjiang Province. The patients were judged according to the “Diagnosis of Kashin–Beck Disease” (WS/T 207–2010). The severity of foot lesions was judged based on the changes of X-ray images. Residents of non-Kashin–Beck disease area were selected as normal controls in Jilin Province.ResultsA total of 119 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in a natural village in the non-endemic area. A total of 1190 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in 38 endemic areas of Kashin–Beck disease. A total of 710 patients with Kashin–Beck disease were detected, including 245 patients with grade I, 175 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III, and 265 atypical patients. Among all investigated patients, 92.0% (653/710) had ankle joint changes, and it was 80.0% (196/245) in grade I patients and 95.4% (167/175) in grade II. Varying degrees of ankle joint changes were found in both grade III and atypical patients. The grade of Kashin–Beck disease was correlated with the degree of ankle joint change (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficientrs = 0.376. Atypical Kashin–Beck disease patients in mild and severe endemic area of Kashin–Beck disease were younger than those with typical Kashin–Beck disease.ConclusionsWe found a correlation between the degree of ankle joint change and the grade of Kashin–Beck disease. The higher the grade of Kashin–Beck disease, the more serious the change of the ankle joint.
Towards multiplexed immunofluorescence of 3D tissues
Authors: Cho Wonjin , Kim Sehun , Park Young-Gyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProfiling molecular expression in situ allows the integration of biomolecular and cellular features, enabling an in-depth understanding of biological systems. Multiplexed immunofluorescence methods can visualize tens to hundreds of proteins from individual tissue samples, but their application is usually limited to thin tissue sections. Multiplexed immunofluorescence of thick tissues or intact organs will enable high-throughput profiling of cellular protein expression within 3D tissue architectures (e.g., blood vessels, neural projections, tumors), opening a new dimension in diverse biological research and medical applications. We will review current multiplexed immunofluorescence methods and discuss possible approaches and challenges to achieve 3D multiplexed immunofluorescence.
Research note reliability and validity of Japanese version of the trauma-informed care provider survey (TIC provider survey)
Authors: Kataoka Mayumi , Kotake Risa , Asaoka Hiroki , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Robust instruments to evaluate the ability of trauma-informed care among healthcare workers need to be developed, as this would help the implementation of trauma-informed care to prevent re-traumatization of patients. This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Provider Survey. A total of 794 healthcare workers were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, including the TIC Provider Survey, and six measures that were considered to be correlated with it. We calculated the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to investigate the internal consistency of each category of the TIC Provider Survey (knowledge, opinions, self-rated competence, practices, and barriers). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to investigate the correlation between each category of the TIC Provider Survey, and other measures of construct validity.

Results
Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of each category of the TIC Provider Survey were 0.40 (Knowledge), 0.63 (Opinions), 0.92 (Self-rated competence), 0.93 (Practices), and 0.87 (Barriers). The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were small. We confirmed the reliability of the acceptable levels and examined the validity of modest or unacceptable levels of the Japanese version of the TIC provider survey among Japanese workers in a healthcare setting.
Predictors of resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study comparing the first and second waves
Authors: Mendoza Bernal Irhomis , Sánchez-Teruel David , Robles-Bello María Auxiliadora , Sarhani-Robles Aziz , Sarhani-Robles Mariam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFew studies have investigated the effects of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on health professionals, especially nurses, from the point of view of the protective factors of mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the level of resilience in healthcare workers, to determine whether there were differences between two moments of the pandemic. Applying a longitudinal study, participants (N = 590) from healthcare workers completed surveys in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the second wave. Socio-demographic and psychosocial variables such as resilience, emotional intelligence, optimism, self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression are used. There were differences between the two waves in all protective and risk variables except anxiety. In the first wave, there were three socio-demographic and psychosocial variables that explained 67.1% of the variance in resilience. In the first wave, three sociodemographic and psychosocial variables explained 67.1% of the variance in resilience in healthcare professionals. The enhancement of specific protective variables in healthcare professionals exposed to situations of high emotional stress can minimise the negative impact of the situation and promote more resilient responses in this professional group as a result.
Survivability of patients admitted for stroke in a primary stroke center, Penang, Malaysia: a retrospective 5-year study
Authors: Danial Monica , Izwani Mohdradzi Nurul Shahira , Khan Amer Hayat , Ch’ng Alan Swee Hock , Irene Looi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundStroke is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, with significant public health implications both globally and in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-stroke survivability as well as the major drug classes prescribed for hospitalized stroke patients.MethodsA 5-year retrospective study was carried out on the survival of stroke patients admitted to Hospital Seberang Jaya, a main stroke center in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Patients admitted for stroke were first identified using the local stroke registry database, and their medical records were then accessed for data collection, which included demographic information, comorbid conditions, and medications prescribed during admission.ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier overall survivability analysis performed indicated 50.5% survival for the duration of 10 days (p < 0.001) post-stroke. Ten-day survivability differences (p < 0.05) were observed for the categories of type of stroke (ischemic stroke (60.9%) and hemorrhagic stroke (14.1%)); stroke episodes (first (61.1%) and recurrent (39.6%)); anti-platelets (prescribed (46.2%) and not prescribed (41.5%)); statins (prescribed (68.7%) and not prescribed (28.1%)); anti-hypertensive (prescribed (65.4%) and not prescribed (45.9%)); and anti-infectives (prescribed (42.5%) and not prescribed (59.6%)) respectively. Higher risks of mortality were observed among patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HR: 10.61, p = 0.004); with 3 or more comorbidities (HR:6.60, p = 0.020); and not prescribed with statins and anti-diabetic. Patients prescribed anti-infectives, on the other hand, had a higher risk of mortality when compared to patients who did not receive anti-infectives (HR: 13.10, p = 0.019). The major drug classes prescribed for stroke patients were antiplatelet drugs (86.7%), statins (84.4%), and protein pump inhibitors (75.6%).ConclusionThe findings of the study are intended to encourage more non-stroke hospitals in Malaysia to increase their efforts in treating stroke patients, as early treatment can help reduce the severity of the stroke. With the incorporation of evidence-based data, this study also contributes to local data for comparison and improves the implementation of regularly prescribed stroke medication.
Sharing space at the research table: exploring public and patient involvement in a methodology priority setting partnership
Authors: Burke Nikita N. , Stewart Derek , Tierney Theresa , Worrall Andrew , Smith Maureen , Elliott Jim , Beecher Claire , Devane Declan , Biesty Linda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Public and patient involvement aims to improve research quality, relevance, and appropriateness. Despite an increasing evidence base on the influence of public involvement in health research, the role of involvement in methodology research (i.e. research that aims to enhance the quality and rigour of research) is less clear. Using a qualitative case study, we explored public involvement in a research priority-setting partnership in rapid review methodology (Priority III) to give practical insights to inform public involvement in priority-setting for future methodological research.

Methods
Participant observation, documentary analysis, interviews and focus groups were used to explore the processes of Priority III and identify the views and experiences of the participants of a steering group (n = 26) regarding public involvement in Priority III. We used a case study research design and conducted two focus groups with five public partners; one focus group with four researchers; and seven one-to-one interviews with researchers and public partners. Nine episodes of participant observation of meetings were conducted. All data were analysed using template analysis.

Results
The findings of this case study present three themes and six subthemes:

Theme 1

We all bring unique qualities to the table.

Subtheme 1.1—Coming from different perspectives towards shared-decision making;

Subtheme 1.2—Public partners bring pragmatism and grounding in reality;

Theme 2

We need support and space at the table.

Subtheme 2.1—Define and develop support needed for meaningful involvement;

Subtheme 2.2—Creating safe space to listen, challenge and learn;

Theme 3

We all benefit from working together.

Subtheme 3.1—Reciprocity in mutual learning and capacity building;

Subtheme 3.2—Relationships as partners in research, with a feeling of togetherness.

Communication and trust, as inclusive ways of working, underpinned the partnership approach to involvement.

Conclusions
This case study contributes to knowledge on public involvement in research by explaining the supportive strategies, spaces, attitudes and behaviours that enabled a productive working partnership to develop between a team of researchers and public partners in this research context.
Serum vitamin E levels in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Olibamoyo O. B. , Akintan P. E. , Adeniyi O. F. , Soriyan O. O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin E supplementation in many adult populations has been found to reduce the impact of oxidative stress from chronic diseases which include HIV infection. With paucity of data among the pediatric population, this study was conducted to determine the mean serum vitamin E levels and its associations with the immunologic status, the nutritional status and the use of highly active antiretroviral drugs (HAART) in children with HIV aged 6 weeks to 13 years.

Methods
Seventy HIV-infected children (35 HIV-infected on HAART, 35 HIV-infected HAART-naïve) and seventy age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected children were recruited to the study. Social class, anthropometric measures, results of serum vitamin E (using HPLC), CD4 counts, and cholesterol levels were inputted into a pretested questionnaire.

Results
The median (IQR) serum vitamin E levels among the children with HIV was 2.54 (1.55–5.27) μmol/L which was higher than the controls 1.87 (1.63–2.88) μmol/L, p = 0.03.There was a positive correlation between serum vitamin E levels and immunological status using CD4% (r =  + 0.141, p = 0.53) and CD4 counts (r =  + 0.017, p = 0.91) among the children with HIV. There was no significant association between serum vitamin E levels and nutritional status. The vitamin E levels were higher in the HAART-exposed children compared to the HAART-naïve children but the difference was not significant p = 0.480 and p = 0.485 respectively.

Conclusion
The children with HIV had higher serum vitamin E levels. Further research is needed to investigate possible reasons and implications for this including the role of the vitamin E carrier protein in HIV management.
Comparative analysis of postmortem cerebral ammonia level and Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes with intravital blood laboratory parameters of deceased patients with liver cirrhosis of varying degree
Authors: Shulyatnikova Tatyana , Tumanskiy Valeriy 
Published: May 2023

Purpose - correlation analysis of the postmortem ammonia level and numbers of Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes in different parts of the brain with intravital laboratory blood parameters of deceased patients with liver cirrhosis of varying severity.
Material and methods. Autopsied brains of 90 patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) of class A, B and C according to Child-Pugh formed 3 groups: «A» (n = 30), «B» (n = 30) and «C» (n = 30). Control group - 30 patients deceased from cardiovascular failure. Cortex, white matter, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and cerebellum were histochemically (HC) studied with Nessler's reagent for ammonia level. Correlation analysis of ammonia expression, Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes (AA2) numbers and 14 intravital laboratory blood parameters was performed.
Results. HC method reveals region-dependent ammonia expression in the brain neuropil. The most significant correlations are observed in thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, and cortex between ammonia expression (ACUOD), AA2-astrocytosis, and lifetime values of total bilirubin (for Bil/ACUOD & /AA2 r = 0.31-0.97), AST (for AST/ACUOD & /AA2 r = 0.30-0.81), ALT (for ALT/ACUOD & /AA2 r = 0.30-0.78), leukocyte index of intoxication (for LII/ACUOD & /AA2 r = 0.34-0.76), albumin (for Alb/ACUOD & /AA2 r = -0.34 to -0.78), leukocytes (for Wbc/ACUOD & /AA2 r = 0.31-0.68), prothrombin index (for PI/ACUOD & /AA2 r = -0.31 to -0.45) and potassium (for K+/ACUOD & /AA2 r = -0.32 to -0.45), p <0.05.
Conclusion. During LC ammonia expression and AA2-astrocytosis in cerebellum, thalamus, striatum and cortex significantly correlate with each other, as well as with indicators of total bilirubin, AST, ALT, albumin, leukocytes, leukocyte index of intoxication, prothrombin index and blood potassium.
Treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation - a review of the latest therapeutic methods
Authors: Klocek Konrad , Kostecki Bartosz , Hajduk Aleksandra , Mrozek Łukasz , Jurek Aleksander , Zwolski Maciej , Szumlas Zuzanna , Puchalski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of intervertebral disc herniation, with a focus on the lumbar spine, including the current conservative and modern surgical treatment options such as minimally invasive procedures.
State of Knowledge: Spinal pain is a prevalent cause of disability in developed countries, with an increasing number of people affected by this condition. Intervertebral disc herniation resulting from degenerative changes is a common pathology, particularly in the lumbar and cervical spine. This condition involves the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, which exerts pressure on the spinal roots, causing irritation. While the prognosis for herniated nucleus pulposus is usually positive and many patients can undergo conservative treatment, some may require a surgery. Due to advancements in technology, the current goal is to minimize tissue trauma during hernia repair procedures.
Conclusions: Due to advances in treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, patients can achieve better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life. Conservative treatment should be considered as the first line treatment in a majority of cases. Surgery is usually a last resort when conservative treatment proves insufficient. No surgical method seems to be unequivocally superior to the others, so its choice is tailored to the individual patient's needs and depends on the surgeon's preferences and experience. Recent advances in endoscopic spine surgery are providing new insights into disc surgery and pain management strategies.
Bombardier Aftermarket Demand Forecast with Machine Learning
Authors: Dodin Pierre , Xiao Jingyi , Adulyasak Yossiri , Alamdari Neda Etebari , Gauthier Lea , Grangier Philippe , Lemaitre Paul , Hamilton William L. 
Published: May 2023

Intermittent demand patterns are commonly present in business aircraft spare parts supply chains. Because of the infrequent arrivals and large variations in demand, aircraft aftermarket demand is difficult to forecast, which often leads to shortages or overstocking of spare parts. In this paper, we present the development and implementation of an advanced analytics framework at Bombardier Aerospace, which is carried out by the Bombardier inventory planning team and IVADO Labs to improve the aftermarket demand forecasting process. This integrated predictive analytics pipeline leverages machine-learning (ML) models and traditional time series models in a single framework in a systematic fashion. We also make use of a tree-based machine-learning method with a large set of input features to estimate two components of intermittent demand, namely demand sizes and interdemand intervals. Through the ML models, we incorporate different features, including those derived from flight data. Outputs of different forecasting models are combined using an ensemble technique that enhances the robustness and accuracy of the forecasts for different groups of aftermarket spare parts categorized by demand patterns. The validation results show an improvement in forecast accuracy of approximately 7% and in unbiased forecast of 5%. The ML-based Bombardier Aftermarket forecasting system has been successfully deployed and used to forecast the aftermarket demand at Bombardier of more than 1 billion Canadian dollars on a regular basis. History: This paper was refereed.
Output-Oriented Agricultural Subsidy Design
Authors: Fan Tijun , Feng Qi , Li Yuanchen , Shanthikumar J. George , Wu Yifan 
Published: May 2023

Many governments subsidize the agricultural industry, trying to raise the market outputs either for domestic needs or for export. In many countries, particularly developing countries, the producers’ market may be fragmented, involving a large number of farmers with variable productivity levels. The format of subsidies can have significantly different implications for farmers in different market segments. In this study, we examine four types of subsidies. A planting subsidy is paid to a farmer based on the amount of input, and a harvesting subsidy compensates a farmer for the cost incurred during the process of output collection and distribution. The government may also offer a combined subsidy under which a farmer gets paid for both planting and harvesting, or it may offer a selective subsidy under which a farmer can choose to be subsidized on either planting or harvesting but not both. In addition to examining the efficiency of budget spending and social welfare, two common performance measures studied in various contexts, we thoroughly analyze the implications of subsidies on the output and wealth distributions among the farmers. In general, subsidizing on harvesting or overly compensating on planting can increase the disparity among the farmers, whereas an appropriate level of planting subsidy helps to balance the distributions of the farmers’ output and profit. A comprehensive evaluation of the government’s policies reveals that the harvesting subsidy, while inducing the most dispersed output and profit distributions, leads to the most efficient use of input resources and the highest social welfare. The planting subsidy, although being the most effective in balancing the farmer income for a moderate output increase, performs poorly in budget spending, resource usage, and welfare generation when the government sets an aggressive target for output increase. In such a situation, the combined subsidy can offer the most evenly distributed farmer income, with the least amount of budget needed to achieve the output target. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71471062, 72032001 and 71972071] and the Shanghai Sailing Program [Grant 22YF1451000]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4749 .