bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sizing up the crowd: Assessing spatial integration difficulties in body size judgements across eating disorder symptomatology
Authors: Turnbull Georgia , Lego Sophia , Kennedy Briana L. , Alexi Joanna , Li Yanqi R. , Engel Manja M. , Mann Georgina , Bayliss Donna M. , Farrell Simon , Bell Jason 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionBody size judgements are frequently biased, or inaccurate, and these errors are further exaggerated for individuals with eating disorders. Within the eating disorder literature, it has been suggested that exaggerated errors in body size judgements are due to difficulties with integration. Across two experiments, we developed a novel integration task, named the Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in Virtual Reality (VR), to assess whether nearby bodies influence the perceived size of a single body. VR was used to simulate the appearance of a small crowd around a central target body.Method and ResultsIn Experiment 1 (N = 412), participants were required to judge the size of a central female target within a crowd. Experiment 1 revealed an Ebbinghaus Illusion, in which a central female appeared larger when surrounded by small distractors, but comparatively smaller when surrounded by large distractors. In other words, the findings of Experiment 1 demonstrate that surrounding crowd information is integrated when judging an individual’s body size; a novel measure of spatial integration (i.e., an Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in VR). In Experiment 2 (N = 96), female participants were selected based on high (n = 43) and low (n = 53) eating disorder symptomatology. We examined whether the magnitude of this illusion would differ amongst those with elevated versus low eating disorder symptomatology, in accordance with weak central coherence theory, with the high symptomatology group displaying less spatial integration relative to the low group. The results of Experiment 2 similarly found an Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in VR. However, illusion magnitude did not vary across high and low symptomatology groups.DiscussionOverall, these findings demonstrate that surrounding crowd information is integrated when judging individual body size; however, those with elevated eating disorder symptomatology did not show any integration deficit on this broader measure of spatial integration.
Development and refinement of the open dialog adherence protocol in complex mental health care
Authors: Lotmore Melissa , Ziedonis Douglas , Alvarez Monjaras Mauricio , Hopfenbeck Mark , Razzaque Russell , Wilson Emily , Pilling Stephen 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionOpen dialog (OD) is a both a therapeutic practice and a service delivery model that offers an integrated response to mental health care through mobilizing resources within the service user’s family and community networks through joint network meetings. Therapist adherence is a crucial to the effective delivery of interventions. A key way to measure this is through structured observation tools.AimsThe aim of this research project is to develop and refine the Dialogic Practice Adherence Scale, for use in OD research trials in the United Kingdom.MethodsThis study was a mixed methods approach to the development of an OD practitioner adherence measure. Initial steps involved meetings and discussions with experts and a review of the literature. Content validation studies were completed using a modified Delphi technique. To assess reliability of the measure, OD network meetings were audio-recorded, and tapes were rated by two independent researchers. Inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were assessed through quantitative approaches assessing variance.ResultsResults provide a description of how the OD Adherence Manual was developed in collaboration. Validation surveys showed high levels on consensus among experts in the field on the key elements of OD network meetings. Inter-rater reliability for the total score was excellent and internal consistency analyses suggest the scale is highly reliable.DiscussionThe scale presented here is an initial attempt at rating practitioner adherence in OD network meetings. It provides encouraging evidence that this can be done with strong validity and reliability and can be completed by a range of raters with varying levels of clinical experience.
The association between muscle strength and executive function in children and adolescents: Based on survey evidence in rural areas of China
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Hu Xin , Wang Yujie 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, muscle strength in children and adolescents has continued to decline, especially in rural areas. Executive function as a higher function of the brain, is closely related to the future achievement of children and adolescents. For this reason, this study analyzed the correlation between muscle strength and executive function in children and adolescents in rural areas of China to better promote the development of muscle strength and executive function.MethodsDemographic factors, muscle strength, and executive function were tested in 1,335 children and adolescents in rural China using a three-stage stratified whole-group sampling method. One-way ANOVA and chi-square test were used to compare the differences in executive function among children and adolescents with different muscle strengths. Multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association that exists between muscle strength and executive function.ResultsWhen comparing the inconsistently, congruent, 1back, 2back, conversion, size parity, and cognitive flexibility response times of children and adolescents with different muscle strength indexes in rural China, the differences were statistically significant (F = 46.592, 45.610, 10.809, 32.068, 24.095, 19.260, 11.501, p &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis was performed using children and adolescents with muscle strength index &gt;P80 as the control group. The results showed that the risk of 1back dysfunction was higher (OR = 1.764, 95% CI:1.094, 2.843) in children and adolescents with muscle strength index &lt;P20 (p &lt; 0.05). The risk of 2back dysfunction was higher in children and adolescents with a muscle strength index &lt;P20 (OR = 2.129, 95% CI:1.329, 3.410) (p &lt; 0.01). Compared with children and adolescents with muscle strength index &gt;P80. The muscle strength index &lt;P20 group had a higher risk of cognitive flexibility dysfunction (OR = 1.820, 95% CI:1.111, 2.982) (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThere is a association between muscle strength and executive function in children and adolescents in rural areas of China. Those with higher muscle strength have shorter executive function reaction times and are at lower risk of developing executive dysfunction. Future measures should be taken to improve muscle strength and executive function levels in children and adolescents in rural areas to promote healthy physical and mental development.
Gyrification patterns in first-episode, drug-naïve major depression: Associations with plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Natsuyama Tomoya , Okamoto Naomichi , Watanabe Keita , Chibaatar Enkhmurun , Tesen Hirofumi , Hayasaki Gaku , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Kakeda Shingo , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: January 2023

Background and objectivesCortical structural changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) are usually studied using a voxel-based morphometry approach to delineate the cortical gray matter volume. Among cortical structures, gyrification patterns are considered a relatively stable indicator. In this study, we investigated differences in gyrification patterns between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and explored the association of gyrification patterns with plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and depressive symptoms in MDD patients.MethodsWe evaluated 79 MDD patients and 94 HCs and assessed depression severity in the patients using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Blood samples of both groups were collected to measure plasma BDNF levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained using three-dimensional fast-spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition. Differences in plasma BDNF levels between groups were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted to investigate the gyrification patterns which were significantly different between the groups, i.e., those with variable importance in projection (VIP) scores of &gt;1.5 and p-value &lt; 0.05 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. Finally, multiple regression analysis was performed on the selected gyrification patterns to examine their association with BDNF levels in the two groups and HAM-D in the patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences in plasma BDNF levels between the groups. We found that 108 (71.0%) of 152 total local gyrification indices were MDD &lt; HC. We identified 10 disease-differentiating factors based on critical gyrification features (VIP &gt; 1.5 and p-value adjusted for age and sex &lt; 0.05). However, we found no significant correlations between the 10 gyrification patterns and plasma BDNF levels and no interaction with group. Moreover, no significant correlations were observed between the local gyrification indices and HAM-D total scores.ConclusionThese results suggest that abnormal early cortical neurodevelopment may mediate vulnerability to MDD, independent of plasma BDNF levels and depressive symptoms.
The impact of active community-based survey on dementia detection ratio in Taiwan: A cohort study with historical control
Authors: Lu Yun-Ru , Wu Tzy-Haw , Jeng Yachung , Lee Wen-Yuan , Hsu Wei-Chih , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Pan Shin-Liang , Chen Yen-Ching , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Liou Horng-Huei 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAlthough early dementia detection is crucial to optimize the treatment outcomes and the management of associated symptoms, the published literature is scarce regarding the effectiveness of active screening protocols in enhancing dementia awareness and increasing the rate of early detection. The present study compared the detection ratio of an active community-based survey for dementia detection with the detection ratio of passive screening during routine clinical practice. Data for passive screening were obtained from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system, which was prospectively collected during the period from 2000 to 2003.DesignA population-based cohort study with historical control.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsA total of 183 participants aged 65 years or older were involved in a community-based survey. Data from 1,921,308 subjects aged 65 years or older were retrieved from the NHI system.MeasurementsAn adjusted detection ratio, defined as a ratio of dementia prevalence to incidence was used.ResultsThe results showed that the dementia prevalence during the 2000–2003 period was 2.91% in the elderly population, compared with a prevalence of 6.59% when the active survey was conducted. The incidence of dementia in the active survey cohort was 1.83%. Overall, the dementia detection ratio was higher using active surveys [4.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.68–6.69] than using passive detection (1.45, 95% CI: 1.43–1.47) for those aged 65–79 years. Similar findings were observed for those aged 80 years and older.ConclusionThe implementation of an active community-based survey led to a 3-fold increase in the detection rate of early dementia detection compared to passive screening during routine practice.
College students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and healthcare system inequities associated with self-rated health across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S.
Authors: Fernandez Jessica R. , Sherchan Juliana S. , Cho Yong Ju , Nanaw Judy , Joseph Nataria T. , Forde Allana T. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19-related health perceptions may differentially impact college students' stress, and in turn, their mental and physical health. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in college students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities and their associations with self-rated mental and physical health.MethodsFour-hundred-thirty-two university students completed an online survey (December 2020–December 2021). Latent class analyses identified classes of perceived COVID-19 threat (i.e., severity, susceptibility), healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities. Regression analyses examined whether class membership varied by race/ethnicity and was associated with self-rated mental and physical health.ResultsClass 1 members (27.3% of the sample) were more likely to identify as Hispanic or Latino, Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black or African American, and Non-Hispanic Multiracial vs. Non-Hispanic White (vs. Class 4). Class 1 had high perceived COVID-19 threat, medium perceived healthcare discrimination, and high perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, as well as higher odds of poorer mental and physical health (vs. Class 4).ConclusionsCollege students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities were associated with poorer health. Given that students with these perceptions were more likely to belong to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, concerns over COVID-19 risk and healthcare may partially explain racial/ethnic disparities in college students' health. This study contributes to a limited body of evidence on college students' perceptions of the U.S. healthcare system and suggests important ways that structural inequalities and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 risk, healthcare discrimination, and concerns over U.S. healthcare system inequity may affect college students' health.
Association between global biomarker of oxidative stress and quantitative ultrasound parameters in middle-aged and elderly adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shen Xue , Liu Yawen , Zhao Qianqian , Cheng Haitao , Li Binbin , Vuong Ann M. , Fan Yiliang , Zhang Mengmeng , Yang Shuman 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionWith the population aging, osteoporosis has become a major public health concern. Elevated oxidative stress is a vital detrimental factor for bone health. Compared to common oxidative stress-related biomarkers, Fluorescent Oxidation Products (FlOPs) reflect the global levels of oxidation from proteins, lipids, and DNA. Nevertheless, whether plasma FlOP levels are related to bone health measured by Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is unclear. Thus, the present study examined the association between FlOPs and QUS parameters in middle-aged and elderly adults.MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Changchun, northeast China. Plasma FlOPs were determined by a fluorescent microplate reader at a wavelength of 320/420 nm (excitation/emission). QUS parameters [speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)] of the calcaneus were assessed by an ultrasound bone densitometer. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between FlOPs and QUS parameters.ResultsA total of 491 subjects were included in this study. Their average age was 65.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 9.7 years). FlOPs were inversely associated with SOS (β for an increase of logarithmic interquartile range = −10.64; P = 0.018). Higher FlOP levels were marginally associated with lower SOS in females (β for an increase of logarithmic interquartile range = −9.68, P = 0.066), but not in males (β for an increase of logarithmic interquartile range = −11.84, P = 0.131). No significant relationship between FlOPs and BUA was observed.ConclusionsPlasma FlOP levels were inversely associated with SOS, but not with BUA in middle-aged and elderly adults.
Effects of different intervention combined with resistance training on musculoskeletal health in older male adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review
Authors: Carcelén-Fraile María del Carmen , Lorenzo-Nocino María Florencia , Afanador-Restrepo Diego Fernando , Rodríguez-López Carlos , Aibar-Almazán Agustín , Hita-Contreras Fidel , Achalandabaso-Ochoa Alexander , Castellote-Caballero Yolanda 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesNowadays, there is a significant increase in the elderly population in many countries around the world, and sarcopenia is one of the most common consequences of this with resistance training being one of the best treatments. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to determine what are the effects of different combinations of resistance training-based interventions on the musculoskeletal health of older male adults with sarcopeniaMethodsThis systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was performed between February and August 2022 in three electronic databases: Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus employing different keywords combined with Boolean operators. Only 13 articles were included out of the initial 1,019.ResultsThe articles studied the effects of resistance training combined with other interventions, 6 articles combined it with protein and vitamin supplementation, 4 with protein supplements only, while 3 combined it with aerobic training, finding beneficial results mainly on strength, functionality, and body composition.ConclusionResistance Training combined with Aerobic Training or nutritional supplements has better effects than Resistance Training alone in older male adults with sarcopenia.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022354184.
Community-based intervention via WeChat official account to improve parental health literacy among primary caregivers of children aged 0 to 3 years: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yun , Xiao Qiu-Li , Li Mu , Zhang Yue , Chen Min , Jiang Chun-Hua , Kang Shu-Rong , Zhang Ying , Huang Jun , Jiang Hong 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundParental health literacy is an important determinant of children's health, especially during the critical window of early development in the first 3 years. As the information communication technology develops, health education via social media is widely used to deliver health information. However, few studies have explored the effect of intervention via social media on parental health literacy.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether a WeChat official account-based health intervention can improve parental health literacy of primary caregivers of children aged 0 to 3 years in Minhang District, Shanghai, China.MethodsThe cluster randomized controlled trial includes all 13 community health centers (CHCs) in Minhang District, Shanghai. We take each CHCs as a cluster in the randomization. The CHCs are randomly allocated to the intervention or the control group through random sequence generation. Ninety primary caregivers of children aged 0 to 2 years will be recruited from each CHC, 1170 in total. Caregivers in the intervention group will be provided with a series of video clips and online reading material links on scientific parenting via a WeChat account. Caregivers in the control group will receive printed educational materials with similar contents to the intervention group. All the participants will access routine child health care and be followed up for 9 months. Online assessment of health literacy will be conducted for both groups before and after the intervention. The primary outcome is the change in the total scores of parental health literacy using a validated instrument. The data of secondary outcomes, such as exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months, anthropometric measurements, and disease conditions, will be extracted from routine health care records. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) will be used for data analyses.DiscussionCompared with traditional health education, health intervention via WeChat official account could be a feasible and effective solution to improve parental health literacy.Trial registrationThis trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): (#ChiCTR2000031711) on April 07, 2020.
Bibliometric and visualization analysis of research trend in mental health problems of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guo Zeming , Zhang Yiran , Liu Qin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo analyze the evolution of research on children and adolescents mental health issues during COVID-19 pandemic and discuss research hotspots and cutting-edge developments.MethodsThe literature obtained from the web of science core collection as of June 28, 2022, was analyzed using Citespace, VOSviewer bibliometric visualization mapping software.ResultsA total of 6,039 relevant papers were found, of which 5,594 were included in the study. The number of literatures is growing since 2020; and the country, institution, and journal publications were analyzed. The co-citation analysis shows that there are more research articles among the highly cited articles and a lack of systematic reviews that use critical thinking for review. In the cluster analysis, mental health and life change were the most representative. The timeline view of the keywords shows that Online learning (#0), Public health (#1), and Mental health (#2) are the three largest clusters and shows the change over time.ConclusionThis study helped analyze the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified hot trends and shortcomings, which are important references for the theoretical basis of future research and decision making and technical guidance for systematic reviews.
Burnout among postgraduate medical trainees in Lebanon: Potential strategies to promote wellbeing
Authors: Yacoubian Aline , Degheili Jad A. , Der-Boghossian Asdghig , Najdi Jad , Andraos Rebecca , Zeineldine Salah 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveBurnout is a widespread issue in healthcare for many years. Lebanon combatted political and economic crises before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in addition to the port explosion in August 2020. The study aimed to identify the determinants of personal burnout, patient-related burnout, and work-related burnout among postgraduate medical trainees (PGMT) and evaluate its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional study utilized the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) involving electronic, voluntary, and anonymous survey. The survey was completed by 188 PGMT including residents and fellows from all specialties and all levels of training.ResultsThe prevalence rates are 68.6% for personal burnout, 63.3% for work-related burnout, and 35.1% for patient-related burnout.ConclusionResults improve our understanding of the phenomenon of burnout, and the role of program leadership in shaping the impact of burnout on training and promoting wellbeing of PGMT. Discussion focuses on providing potential wellbeing strategies for program directors to follow for mitigating burnout.