bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
739-P: Metabolome Alterations Associated with 12-Week Sitting Time Reduction among Sedentary, Postmenopausal Latinas
Authors: PATTERSON JEFFREY , JASBI PANIZ , GU HAIWEI , ALLISON MATTHEW , REUTER CHASE , RANA BRINDA , NATARAJAN LOKI , SEARS DOROTHY D. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Prolonged sitting is associated with health risk. The metabolic impact of replacing sitting time with standing is unknown. We explored metabolome changes after a 12-week standing intervention.
Methods: Sedentary postmenopausal Latinas with overweight (N=254; 55+ years of age; BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were randomized to an increased standing intervention or a health education control group. Clinical, behavioral and fasting plasma measurements were collected at baseline and 12-weeks. Sitting, standing and stepping time was assessed objectively by a thigh-worn inclinometer (activPAL). Aqueous metabolites and carnitines were measured using LC-MS/MS.
Results: Top tertile of intervention group Best Responders (N=43) was selected by criteria of change in mean sitting bout duration and total sitting time. Variable-Matched Controls (N=43) were selected from the control group using a random forest model trained to predict the Best-Responders. Best Responders changed sitting and standing time by -110.0 (11.0) and 104.6 (10.1) min, respectively, compared to the Matched Controls change of 7.1 (9.8) and -7.8 (9.0) min, respectively. A covariate-controlled GLM revealed significant group differences in change scores of 24 metabolites (FDR q = 0.048-2.1E-4) from baseline to 12-week follow-up. Enzyme enrichment predicted significant functional changes in enzymes involved in glutamate and histidine catabolism. Pathway analysis showed significant effects in 14 metabolites of aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, as well as 4 metabolites involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, ubiquinone/terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis and beta-alanine metabolism (all p &lt; 0.05). Metabolite change scores mapped to central carbon metabolism with significant elevation of 14 amino acids involved in pyruvate, acetoacetyl- and acetyl-CoA metabolism, and TCA cycle intermediate biosynthesis.
Conclusion: Standing intervention results in broad amino acid metabolism alterations.

Disclosure
J.Patterson: None. P.Jasbi: None. H.Gu: None. M.Allison: None. C.Reuter: None. B.Rana: None. L.Natarajan: None. D.D.Sears: None.

Funding
American Heart Association (16SFRN28420000)
74-LB: Transition from Basal Bolus to Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide and Basal Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TRANSITION-T2D)—A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: RODRIGUEZ PALOMA , BRESLAW NIKKI , BENA JAMES F. , XIAO HUIJUN , JENKINS KIMBERLY , ISAACS DIANA , ZHOU KEREN , GRIEBELER MARCIO L. , BURGUERA BARTO , PANTALONE KEVIN M. 
Published: June 2023

Background: The treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) is associated with a significant burden of disease management, along with a high risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.
Objective: To test the ability of once-weekly subcutaneous (sc) semaglutide to safely replace prandial insulin in patients with T2D adequately controlled on a regimen of MDI.
Methods: This is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Sixty subjects aged 18 to 75, with an HbA1c ≤ 7.5% on MDI (+/-metformin and/or SGLT-2i) were randomized 2:1 to insulin degludec + semaglutide 1.0 mg or to continue MDI with degludec + insulin aspart for 26 weeks. For the intervention arm, prandial insulin was stopped on the same day of the first dose of semaglutide. Semaglutide was initiated at 0.25 mg sc weekly, and increased monthly, as tolerated. The primary outcome was the percentage of subjects maintaining an HbA1c ≤ 7.5% at week 26. Secondary outcomes were mean change in HbA1c, weight, daily insulin requirement, and diabetes treatment satisfaction from baseline to week 26; the cumulative number of hypoglycemic events and percentage of subjects needing to resume prandial insulin through week 26.
Results and conclusions: To be presented at the 2023 ADA scientific sessions.

Disclosure
P. Rodriguez: None. K. M. Pantalone: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Corcept Therapeutics, Diasome, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Bayer Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Twin Health, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Corcept Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. N. Breslaw: None. J. F. Bena: None. H. Xiao: None. K. Jenkins: None. D. Isaacs: Speaker's Bureau; Dexcom, Inc., Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk. K. Zhou: None. M. L. Griebeler: None. B. Burguera: Research Support; Novo Nordisk.

Funding
Novo Nordisk
74-OR: Improving Performance of Type 2 Diabetes Polygenic Scores in African and Hispanic Ancestries
Authors: HUERTA ALICIA , KIM JOOHYUN , MANDLA RAVI , LU YINGCHANG , PETTY LAUREN E. , SUZUKI KEN , LEE SIMON S. , KIAT NG HONG , LOH MARIE , VUJKOVIC MARIJANA , VOIGHT BENJAMIN F. , SIM XUELING , LOOS RUTH J. , BELOW JENNIFER E. , GE TIAN , MILLION VETERAN PROGRAM VA , FLOREZ JOSE C. , MANNING ALISA , NG MAGGIE , MERCADER JOSEP M. , POLYGENIC RISK SCORES IN MULTIPLE ANCESTRIES (D-PRISM) DIABETES 
Published: June 2023

Most polygenic scores (PS) are developed based on data from persons of European (EUR) ancestry and perform poorly in non-EUR populations. To improve the performance of type 2 diabetes (T2D) PS in the under-studied African (AFR) and Hispanic (HIS) ancestries, we created more comprehensive reference panels using the “Tagging Iterative of single nucleotide variant in multiple populations” (TagIt) method and aggregated genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses from 5 major continental ancestries (360K cases, 1.8M controls, 32% of non-EUR ancestry). We used PRS-CS and PRS-CSx to develop ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PSs with HapMap3 (HM3) and TagIt panels and evaluated their performance based on the variance explained by the liability R2 (lR2). Trained models were then tested in independent datasets. Compared to HM3 panels, TagIt panels for AFR and HIS ancestries had 4X improved coverage for variants with minor allele frequency 1-5% and showed significant improvement of ancestry-specific PSs (p of difference&lt;0.01). Multi-ancestry PSs based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) and GWAS data from 5 ancestries outperformed the ancestry-specific PSs (lR2 AFR: 0.024 AFR-based PS vs. 0.038 multi-ancestry PS, p of difference = 1.3×10-3; lR2 HIS: 0.017 HIS-based PS vs. 0.061 multi-ancestry PS, p of difference = 4×10-8). It also outperformed the PS based on the EUR GWAS and LD data (lR2 AFR: 0.024 EUR-based PS, p of difference = 0.003; lR2 HIS: 0.045 EUR-based PS, p of difference = 0.003). TagIt reference panels did not show significant improved performance when applying multi-ancestry PS. By leveraging existing GWAS data from multiple ancestries and building more comprehensive reference panels we can improve the performance of the PS for diverse ancestries. However, increasing available GWAS data from diverse ancestries is still needed to improve performance in non-EUR populations and reduce health disparities.

Disclosure
A.Huerta: None. M.Vujkovic: None. B.F.Voight: None. X.Sim: None. R.J.Loos: None. J.E.Below: None. T.Ge: None. Va million veteran program: n/a. J.C.Florez: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc. A.Manning: None. M.Ng: None. J.Kim: None. J.M.Mercader: None. I.Diabetes polygenic risk scores in multiple ancestr: n/a. R.Mandla: None. Y.Lu: None. L.E.Petty: None. K.Suzuki: None. S.S.Lee: None. H.Ng: None. M.Loh: None.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (11-22-ICTSPM-16 to J.M.M.); National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG011723)
743-P: Delayed Diabetes with Proinsulin mRNA Vaccines in NOD Mice
Authors: FOSTER TIMOTHY P. , HALLER MICHAEL J. , SCHATZ DESMOND , WASSERFALL CLIVE , SAYOUR ELIAS 
Published: June 2023

Objective: In type 1 diabetes, an immunomodulatory, antigen-specific therapy may abrogate autoimmunity and support immune tolerance to prevent β-cell destruction and disease progression. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a novel proinsulin II mRNA multi-lamellar liposome vaccine in preventing diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. We hypothesized that proinsulin mRNA vaccines would restore immunotolerance and delay diabetes.
Methods: Proinsulin II was cloned into plasmids for in vitro RNA transcription. mRNA was loaded into DOTAP liposomes. mRNA expression was validated in HEK293 cell line transfection. NOD/ShiLtJ strain mice were obtained at 4 weeks of age. Group 1 received three IV tail vein injections of mRNA vaccines every other day at 8 weeks and one dose at 23 weeks of age. Group 2 remained untreated. Mice were checked weekly for diabetes (glucose ≥250 mg/dl on two measurements one day apart). Kaplan-Meier survival curves, hazard ratio, median time to diabetes, and t-tests were used to compare time to diabetes.
Results: The diabetes rate by 32 weeks was 64.2% (9/14) in group 1 compared to 78.6% (11/14) in group 2 (Hazard ratio 1.60 95% CI 0.66-3.86). By 15 weeks, the treatment group had no diabetes compared to 35.7% untreated (p=0.04). Median time to diabetes was 23 weeks in the treatment group and 21 weeks in untreated.
Conclusions: Proinsulin II mRNA multi-lamellar liposome vaccines temporarily delay diabetes in NOD mice.

Disclosure
T.P.Foster: None. M.J.Haller: Board Member; SAB Biotherapeutics, Inc., Consultant; Sanofi, MannKind Corporation. D.Schatz: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Avotres Inc., QuLab Medical Ltd., Kriya Therapeutics. C.Wasserfall: None. E.Sayour: None.

Funding
Endocrine Fellows Foundation
747-P: Duration of Sustained Weight Loss in Clinical Trials Evaluating Tirzepatide vs. Comparators—An Exploratory Analysis of SURPASS 1–5
Authors: TIMOTHY GARVEY W. , BATTERHAM RACHEL L. , ROSENSTOCK JULIO , LIU MINZHI , THIEU VIVIAN , DALY JACK , BERGMAN BRANDON 
Published: June 2023

Sustained weight loss of ≥5% is highly beneficial in T2D. Here we assess the time spent with weight loss ≥5% in participants with T2D randomized to the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (TZP) vs comparators in SURPASS 1-5.
Participants were randomized to TZP (5, 10, or 15 mg) or comparator (placebo in SURPASS 1 and 5, semaglutide (SEMA) 1 mg in SURPASS 2, insulin degludec in SURPASS 3, and insulin glargine in SURPASS 4) with primary treatment durations of 40 or 52 weeks (wks). Continuous time spent with weight loss ≥5% was descriptively analyzed in all participants on treatment without rescue medication, with missing data imputed in this post-hoc analysis.
In SURPASS 1-5, 54-88% of T2D participants randomized to all doses of TZP achieved body weight loss of ≥5%. TZP-treated participants experienced longer time with weight loss ≥5% than those randomized to comparators (Table 1). TZP dose-dependently increased time spent with weight loss ≥5% with the greatest durations observed in the 15 mg group (median: 24 and 40 wks in studies of 40 and 52 wks duration, respectively). Whereas, in the SURPASS 2 trial, those randomized to SEMA 1 mg spent a median of 10 weeks with weight loss ≥5%.
In conclusion, TZP led to a longer continuous time spent with weight loss ≥5% compared with placebo, SEMA 1 mg, and basal insulins in participants with T2D.

Disclosure
W.Garvey: Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fractyl Health, Inc., Inogen, Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Epitomee, Pfizer Inc., Neurovalens. R.L.Batterham: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, GlaxoSmithKline plc., Gila Therapeutics Ltd, Pfizer Inc., Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Epitomee, Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, GlaxoSmithKline plc. J.Rosenstock: Advisory Panel; Applied Therapeutics Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Zealand Pharma A/S, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Research Support; Applied Therapeutics Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. M.Liu: Consultant; Eli Lilly and Company. V.Thieu: None. J.Daly: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. B.Bergman: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company.

Funding
Eli Lilly and Company
755-P: A Phase 2 Evaluation of a Novel GLP-1 Analog Ecnoglutide (XW003) for Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ZHU DALONG , QIN HONG H. , ZHENG QING , NING JING , ZHU ZHIYI , MENGYING GUO , BU YUE , JONES CATHERINE , FENAUX MARTIJN , XU SUSAN , JUNAIDI MOHAMMED K. 
Published: June 2023

Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a novel, long-acting GLP-1 analog being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. We conducted a Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ecnoglutide, which enrolled 145 adults at over 20 hospital-based sites in China. Eligible participants had T2DM that was inadequately controlled by lifestyle or a single oral hypoglycemic agent. Participants were randomized to receive 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 mg ecnoglutide or placebo as once weekly injections for 20 weeks, including dose escalation. Change in mean HbA1c, body weight, and BMI, as well as safety and tolerability were evaluated. At baseline, participants had mean HbA1c of 8.55 ± 0.707 % and BMI of 26.27 ± 3.308 kg/m2. At the end of treatment, participants receiving ecnoglutide achieved significant HbA1c reductions of 1.81% to 2.39% from baseline (P&lt;0.0001 for all cohorts vs placebo). At end of treatment, up to 67% of participants in the ecnoglutide cohorts achieved HbA1c levels ≤6.5% and up to 33% had body weight reductions ≥5% from baseline (Figure). Ecnoglutide was generally safe and well tolerated. There were no treatment-related ≥Grade 3 AEs and no treatment-related SAEs. The proportion of participants reporting any AE ranged from 72.2 to 78.4% for ecnoglutide and 58.3 % for placebo. The most frequently reported AEs were gastrointestinal, including diarrhea and nausea.

Disclosure
D.Zhu: None. S.Xu: Employee; Sciwind. M.K.Junaidi: None. H.H.Qin: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences, Sichuan Anerobic Biotech. Q.Zheng: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. J.Ning: None. Z.Zhu: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. G.Mengying: None. Y.Bu: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. C.Jones: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. M.Fenaux: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences, Stock/Shareholder; Terns Pharmaceuticals.

Funding
Sciwind Biosciences
757-P: Efficacy and Safety of Supaglutide Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: WANG QINGHUA , ZHOU YUE , WANG WEIMIN , TONG GUOYU , JIA WEINA , LI LIANG , CHENG ZHIFENG , LU YIBING , SHI BIMIN , BIAN FANG , WANG YIHUA , SHI XIAOXIA , LI QINGJU , SU XIUHAI , WANG KUN , YUAN GUOYUE , LI LIPING , LING HONGWEI , HU XIAOLIN , WANG YANGANG , ZHAO NAIQING , YANG YEHONG , MA JIANHUA , LI YIMING , ZHU DALONG 
Published: June 2023

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with broad pharmacological potential. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are successfully in clinical use for T2D and obesity. Several GLP-1-based therapies are in clinical evaluation for treating metabolic diseases. Supaglutide (supa), a novel GLP-1RA, is in late-stage development for T2D. The efficacy and safety of supa is being investigated in 297 patients with newly diagnosed T2D inadequately controlled with diet and exercise in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04994288). Supa treatment resulted in a statistically and clinically significant reduction from baseline in HbA1c at Week 24 of -1.73% and -2.15% with 1 and 3 mg QW dosing, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Body weight was decreased by 0.97% and 3.14% from baseline in the supa 1 and 3 mg groups, respectively, with a significant difference for supa 3 mg versus 1 mg group (p&lt;0.001). Supa also significantly improved glucose excursion, and increased meal-stimulated insulin and C-peptide secretion as determined by MMTT, suggesting improved glucose tolerance and enhanced β-cell function. The most common TEAEs with supa were GI symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and decreased appetite, mostly in mild or moderate severity. Our data showed that supa improved glycemic and metabolic control and was well tolerated in T2D, suggesting supa as a novel alternative therapy for T2D and metabolic disorders.

Disclosure
Q.Wang: None. F.Bian: None. Y.Wang: None. X.Shi: None. Q.Li: None. X.Su: None. K.Wang: None. G.Yuan: None. L.Li: None. H.Ling: None. X.Hu: None. Y.Zhou: None. Y.Wang: None. N.Zhao: None. Y.Yang: None. J.Ma: None. Y.Li: None. D.Zhu: None. W.Wang: None. G.Tong: None. W.Jia: None. L.Li: None. Z.Cheng: None. Y.Lu: None. B.Shi: None.
768-P: Effect of Dulaglutide Therapy Initiation on the Course of Coronavirus Infection and the Dynamics of Inflammatory Markers in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: MARKOVA TATIANA , STAS MUKHAMED , ANCHUTINA ANASTASIA 
Published: June 2023

Aim: To determine the impact of initiation of dulaglutide therapy on the course of COVID-19 and the dynamics of inflammatory markers in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: The inclusion criteria were history of T2DM, BMI &gt; 27 kg/m2, PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The intervention group of 53 patients started dulaglutide therapy (1.5 mg once weekly) during the first 24 hours of admission, the control group consisted of 50 patients, who proceeded with glucose-lowering therapy. In both groups we compared COVID-19 outcomes (mortality/survival rate, ICU admission, need for assisted ventilation) and the duration of hospitalization. On days 3 and 7 of hospitalization we assessed laboratory parameters (FPG, CRP, ALT, AST, LDH, lymphocyte levels, D-dimer).
Results: The initiation of dulaglutide therapy reduced the risk of death and transfer to assisted ventilation by 3.5 times in the intervention group compared to the control one (5.7% vs 20.0%, p=0.038). No differences were found in the risk of ICU admission (17.0% vs 28.0%, p=0.18) and the duration of hospitalization (10 bed-days vs 11-bed days, p=0.26).
The groups were comparable in respect to carbohydrate metabolic compensation. Compared to those in the control group, patients on dulaglutide therapy demonstrated a lower CRP level (15.8 vs 24.6 mg/L, p=0.035), higher lymphocyte levels (1.2 vs 0.9 × 10*9/L, p=0.049) on day 3 of hospitalization, and a significantly lower LDH concentration level on day 7 (261.6 vs 326.1 U/L, p=0.016). There were no differences in ALT, AST, and D-dimer levels.
Conclusion: The initiation of dulaglutide therapy in hospitalized patients with T2DM and COVID-19 decreased the risk of lethal outcomes and transfer to assisted ventilation, as well as proved effective in regards to inflammatory markers (CRP, lymphocytes levels).

Disclosure
T.Markova: None. M.Stas: None. A.Anchutina: None.
77-LB: A Novel Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1R) and Glucagon (GCGR) Receptor Dual Agonist, Mazdutide (IBI362), Attenuates Hyperuricemia in Hyperuricemic Rats
Authors: JIANG HONGWEI , ZHANG YANZHAO , SHUANG REN YAN 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Existing studies have not conclusively proven that GLP-1RA drugs can attenuate hyperuricemia, and dual agonist drugs such as Tirzepatide have also not been reported. But in previous studies, we unexpectedly found that the statistically significant reduction in serum uric acid levels in participants receiving Mazdutide. So we designed animal experiments to verify this result.
Methods: Male 12-week-old adult SD rats were given potassium oxyzincate 1000 mg/kg and adenine 100 mg/kg used to maintain hyperuricemia status and were divided into different groups (Table1). Statistical and metabolomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses were performed after 18 days of intervention, respectively.
Results: The Mazdutide and allopurinol groups showed varying degrees of decrease in serum uric acid, while there was no change in the semaglutide group (Table1). The specific mechanism will be analyzed after the histological results are available.
Conclusion: The degree of reduction of hyperuricemia by Mazdutide on rats was comparable to that of allopurinol. A slight increase in UUA may mean that the drug is working by promoting uric acid excretion. We conclude that Mazdutide has a safety and effectiveness profile similar to GLP-1 receptor agonist and has potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of hyperuricemia.

Disclosure
H. Jiang: None. Y. Zhang: None. Y. Ren: None.

Funding
First Affiliated Hospital; College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology
78-OR: Adipose Lysosomal Acid Lipase Is Indispensable for Starvation- and Cold-Induced Lipolysis
Authors: YEH YU-SHENG , RAZANI BABAK 
Published: June 2023

Lipolysis is a metabolic process by which triglycerides (TGs) are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol to serve as fuels during fasting or cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis. Cytoplasmic lipases are thought to be the predominant mechanism of liberating FFA from lipid stores. However, lysosomes also contain lipolytic activity via lysosomal acid lipase (Lipa). In adipocytes, the primary lipid-storing cell in the body with significant involvement in metabolism, the roles of Lipa and lysosomal lipolysis are unclear. We found that Lipa expression increases in the adipose tissue of mice in response to fasting, cold exposure, and CL316,243 (CL) treatment, a mimic of cold-induced lipolysis. Similar results were obtained in cultured adipocytes with nutrient-depletion or isoproterenol treatment, mimicking fasting or cold, respectively. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with Lalistat (Lali), a specific inhibitor of Lipa, impaired thermogenesis, as evidenced by suppression of cold- and fasting-enhanced increases in plasma FFAs levels during cold exposure or CL treatment. Lipolysis was inhibited by Lali treatment in cultured adipocytes and fresh adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice under fasting- or cold-mimic conditions. To conduct more detailed in vivo studies, we developed adipose-specific Lipa knockout (A-Lipa) mice, which exhibited lower plasma FFAs when challenged with fasting, cold exposure, or CL treatment. Furthermore, A-Lipa mice were significantly thermogenesis-impaired with exposure to cold or treatment with CL. To determine whether autophagy is involved in these phenomena, adipose-specific Atg5 knockout (A-Atg5) mice were challenged with fasting, cold exposure, or CL treatment. As was found in A-Lipa mice, A-Atg5 mice had lower levels of plasma FFAs and obliteration of stress-induced thermogenesis. Overall, our data suggest a previously unrecognized contribution of lysosomal lipolysis in adipocytes, possibly involving autophagy-related lipophagy.

Disclosure
Y.Yeh: None. B.Razani: None.

Funding
American Heart Association (897628); National Institutes of Health (DK131188)