bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective but sustainable? A case of a digital literacy program for older adults
Authors: Jung Jiyoon , You Jieun , Kim Daesang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital technology is used to improve the quality of life for the growing number of older adults in the United States, but it also exacerbated the digital divide between generations and regions. Digital literacy programs effectively designed for older adults have a potential to mitigate this issue; however, sustaining an effectively designed program can be a challenge due to practical constraints. This case study-mixed methods study examined effectiveness and challenges of implementing a digital literacy program that is designed with six instructional strategies known to be effective for older adults. Data sources included surveys and interviews from learners, instructors, including teaching assistants, and an administrator involved in the project throughout three implementation cycles at a regional library. Overall, participants reported enhanced confidence in using digital literacy domains and satisfaction towards the program. Various implementation challenges identified are aligned to the instructional strategies used. The study emphasizes the importance of developing and sustaining an inclusive and flexible digital education for seniors aimed to reduce the digital divide and promote their engagement in an increasingly digital society.
An optimal protective ventilation strategy in lung resection surgery: a prospective, single-center, three-arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Min Seihee , Yoon Susie , Choe Hyun Woo , Jung Haesun , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Bahk Jae-Hyon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Protective ventilation reduces ventilator-induced acute lung injury postoperatively; however, the optimal strategy for one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains unclear. This study compared three protective ventilation strategies with a postoperative partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio to reduce the incidence of immediate postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. Eighty-seven patients with ASA physical status I–III requiring OLV for lung resection surgery were randomized into three groups according to the applied ventilation strategies: low tidal volume (VT) of 4 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) (LV group), medium VT of 6 mL/kg of PBW (MV group), and high VT of 8 mL/kg of PBW (HV group). All patients received 5 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The primary outcome was the mean difference of PaO2/FiO2 ratio after surgery. The radiologic findings of acute lung injuries were also evaluated. The incidence of immediate PPCs was determined by PaO2/FiO2 ratio of < 300 mmHg and/or newly developed radiological findings within 72 h after surgery. The MV group showed the highest PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 6 h postoperatively (P = 0.010). There were no significant among-group differences in radiological findings in 3 postoperative days. The MV group showed the lowest incidence of immediate PPCs among the three groups (P = 0.007). During OLV in lung resection surgery, protective ventilation at a VT of 6 mL/kg with PEEP of 5 cmH2O may achieve a higher postoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratio, reducing the incidence of immediate PPCs.
What generative Artificial Intelligence priorities and challenges do senior Australian educational policy makers identify (and why)?
Authors: Bower Matt , Henderson Michael , Slade Christine , Southgate Erica , Gulson Kalervo , Lodge Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Free access to powerful generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in schools has left educators and system leaders grappling with how to responsibly respond to the consequent challenges and opportunities that this new technology poses. This paper examines the priorities and challenges that senior Australian educational leaders identify with relation to responsible and ethical use of generative AI in school education, and the reasons for their beliefs. Members of the Australian generative Artificial Intelligence in Education working group as well as other senior policymakers throughout Australia participated in a two-phase data collection process involving survey responses and focus group discussions. Ranking activities revealed a large number of priorities and systemic challenges, with no unilateral consensuses emerging. The highest priorities for senior policymakers related to managing risks, educating teachers, and educating system leaders, while the main systemic and environmental challenges related to the pace of change, teacher capabilities and professional learning, and equitable access to the technology. Throughout the analysis, meta themes emerged that characterised the policy-setting environment as one involving urgency, uncertainty, interconnectedness, contextuality, and complexity, with the pivotal role of teachers highlighted throughout. Reflections on responsible and ethical policy-setting in response to rapid technological change are provided, including with relation to anticipatory and networked governance and the inter-relationship with the broader policy context. Recommendations for further research and practice are also proposed.
Regionale verschillen in het gebruik van urinekatheters in Nederland: een landelijke cohortstudie van 2012–2021
Authors: van Veen Felice E. E. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M. 
Published: January 2025

Samenvatting

Inleiding
Schone intermitterende katheterisatie (CIC) wordt vaak verkozen boven verblijfskatheters (CAD) vanwege een lager risico op complicaties en verbeterde levenskwaliteit. Dit onderzoek richt zich op trends en regionale verschillen in het gebruik van CIC en CAD onder thuiswonenden in Nederland tussen 2012 en 2021.

Methode
Er werden gegevens verzameld uit het Genees- en hulpmiddeleninformatieproject (GIP) en er werden regionale verschillen geëvalueerd met negatieve binomiale regressie (NBR).

Resultaten
Het aantal CIC-gebruikers steeg met 27,3 % van 34.204 naar 43.528 en het aantal CAD-gebruikers steeg met 44,6 % van 41.619 tot 60.172. De grootste toenamen werden gezien bij mannelijke CIC-gebruikers > 65 jaar en mannelijke CAD-gebruikers > 85 jaar. NBR toonde significante regionale verschillen met een hoger CIC-gebruik in het noorden van Nederland en een variabel CAD-gebruik door het hele land.

Conclusie
De resultaten wijzen op een groeiend aantal kathetergebruikers in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn er regionale verschillen, die mogelijk verklaard worden door verschillen in patiëntpopulaties, zorgverlenervoorkeuren en richtlijnnaleving.
Exploring and validating associations between six systemic inflammatory indices and ischemic stroke in a middle-aged and old Chinese population
Authors: Zheng Yulu , Guo Zheng , Wang Jingzheng , Wu Zhiyuan , Chen Xiaolin , Zhu Yahong , Shan Guangle , Hou Haifeng , Li Xingang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inflammation and maladaptive immune mechanisms have been substantiated as integral components in the critical pathological processes of the injury cascade in ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to explore the associations between six systemic inflammatory indices and IS in a Chinese population.

Methods
This was a case-control study based on the retrospective review of electronic medical records from two hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Systemic inflammatory indices, including the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), were calculated. Logistic regression models and classification analyses were employed to evaluate associations and discriminatory abilities.

Results
In total, 9392 participants aged 40–83 years old were included in the discovery (3620 pairs of IS-present cases and healthy controls) and validation (1076 pairs of IS-present cases and IS-absent controls with IS mimics) datasets. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, IS was found to be associated with all six systemic indices in the discovery dataset, including SIRI (odd ratio [OR] 8.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.48–10.33), SII (1.03, 1.01–1.04), PIV (1.01, 1.01–1.01), NLR (2.23, 2.08–2.39), PLR (1.01, 1.01–1.01), and LMR (0.77, 0.75–0.78). Notably, only LMR exhibited significant associations with IS in both discovery and validation datasets (0.88, 0.83–0.93), suggesting an independent protective role of this index. SIRI, SII, PIV, NLR, and LMR showed good discriminative ability between IS patients and healthy controls in the discovery dataset (AUCs > 0.70). However, they performed poorly in distinguishing IS patients from IS mimics in the validation dataset (AUCs < 0.60).

Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the associations between systemic inflammatory indices and IS, offering potential implications for risk stratification. While these inflammatory indices are potential indicators for distinguishing IS from healthy conditions, additional biomarkers may be needed when differentiating IS from other chronic inflammatory conditions in clinical practice.
Meaninglessness and the ethics of lexical abandonment
Authors: McPherson Tristram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper critically engages with the arguments for the meaninglessness of ‘democracy’ and for abandoning use of that word, in Herman Cappelen’s book The Concept of Democracy. It explaining the distinctive nature of Cappelen’s style of argument for abandoning a word. It argues against Cappelen’s case for the meaninglessness of ‘democracy’ and its cognates. It explores an important unclarity in the sort of ethical thesis Cappelen wants to defend in this book. Finally, it suggests that Cappelen’s argument for abandoning ‘democracy’ retains some force despite the criticisms raised.
Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability
Authors: Mai Kai-lin , Pan Wei-qi , Lin Zheng-shi , Wang Yang , Yang Zi-feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.
Factors affecting the bleaching performance of thermally activated palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays from the Ventzia Basin, west Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Vythoulkas K. , Stamatakis M. , Pozo M. , Argyraki A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermally activated palygorskite and sepiolite clays are commonly used for the bleaching of edible oils and fats. However, their bleaching capacity can vary depending on physicochemical clay characteristics. The present study focused on the impact of thermally treated palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays on bleaching performance and showed a correlation between bleaching performance and the physicochemical characteristics of the clays. The mineralogical and chemical composition, along with certain physicochemical characteristics of thermally treated (heated at 300°C) palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays, were assessed for their effect on bleaching performance. The samples were collected from exploratory boreholes from four currently exploited clay deposits, namely Knidi, Pilori, Harami, and Velanida of the Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene Ventzia Basin, west Macedonia, Greece. Palygorskite was formed diagenetically from smectite precursors of lateritic origin and deposited in a fluvial-palustrine environment. Clay minerals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis, and gas porosimetry. The bleaching ability of the samples was evaluated by measuring the absorption of visible light through standard bleached rapeseed oil. Results revealed that the bleaching performance was superior in mixed palygorskite-smectite clays and was directly proportional to the palygorskite content and to both the apparent bulk density and external surface area of the clays. By contrast, bleaching ability was inversely proportional to the amount of non-clay minerals, but independent of the small variance in Al, Fe, and Mg contents of the clays or the octahedral composition of palygorskite. The presence of smectite in smaller amounts promoted to a small extent the efficiency of the palygorskite-rich clays from the Ventzia Basin.
Investigating the Post-Disaster Reproductive Health Challenges of Iranian Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rajabi Elham , Farrokhi Mehrdad , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Noroozi Mehdi , Khankeh Hamidreza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Disasters pose serious threats to people’s health, including reproductive health (RH); therefore, we conducted this study to investigate Iranian women’s post-disaster RH challenges.

Methods
This study was conducted as a systematic review, and all published articles until the end of May 2022 were selected by searching in international and domestic scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. The quality assessment of the studies was done using the Strobe checklist. We conducted this research based on PRISMA guidelines and analyzed the content by qualitative content analysis method.

Results
Twelve related articles were included (8 high quality and 4 medium quality). Based on these articles, factors affecting post-disaster Iranian women’s RH were divided into 2 categories: individual factors (physical injuries, psychological disorders, cultural and religious issues) and management factors (not prioritizing RH services in disasters, lack of supplies, suitable facilities and professional human resources, access limitation to RH care and services).

Conclusions
We must enhance post disaster RH status by adopting suitable policies and decision-making in disaster risk management. We should prioritize RH services during the disaster response phase, providing facilities, equipment, and specialized and trained human resources.
Topic-sensitivity and the hyperintensionality of knowledge
Authors: Rossi Niccolò , Rosenkranz Sven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is natural to assume that knowledge, like belief, creates a hyperintensional context, that is, that knowledge ascriptions do not allow for substitution of necessarily equivalent prejacents salva veritate. There exist a variety of different proposals for modelling the phenomenon. In the last years, the topic-sensitive approach to the hyperintensionality of knowledge has gained considerable traction. It promises to provide a natural account of why knowledge fails to be closed under necessary equivalence in terms of differences in subject matter. Here, we argue that the topic-sensitive approach, as recently put forward by Franz Berto, Peter Hawke, Aybüke Özgün, and others, faces formidable problems. The root of these problems lies in the approach’s prediction that a mere grasp of subject matter may help to provide insights into necessary implications that it would seem to require more substantive epistemic work to gain.
Is 3D, a more accurate quantitative method than 2D, crucial for analyzing disparity patterns in extinct marine arthropods (Trilobita)?
Authors: Crônier Catherine , Couette Sébastien , Laffont Rémi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phacopid trilobites are well documented during the Paleozoic. Nevertheless, while 2D quantitative analyses have advanced our understanding of the morphological relationships among trilobites, the quantification of their morphological traits in 3D remains rarely documented. Based on two sets of morphological data (head and tail), 2D versus 3D shape quantification approaches were used to explore shape allometries as well as to explore how the shape variations can be explained by the phylogenetic relationships among phacopid trilobite species for the first time. We demonstrate that (1) there are similar patterns of morphological variability across taxa in 3D and 2D; (2) there are rather congruent results between 3D and 2D to discriminate taxa; (3) 2D and 3D landmarks capture different levels of detail, and the third dimension in 3D is very important for making taxonomic distinctions at the genus level; (4) there is congruity between 2D and 3D datasets for allometric patterns with results showing similar allometric slopes among species exhibiting a glabellar length decrease during growth leading to wider cephala; (5) the phylomorphospaces show tree branches that do not intersect, suggesting possible phylogenetic constraints on morphospace occupation for each species and supporting the idea that the Austerops and Morocops groups are sister clades that experienced different modes of morphological evolution; and (6) the morphological descriptors in morphometric analyses in 2D and 3D throughout phacopid evolution are effective.
A narrow endemic plant: evaluating population dynamics and conservation strategies
Authors: Alvite Nerea , Gago Moldes Elisa , Roiloa Sergio , Barreiro Rodolfo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Iberodes littoralis subsp. gallaecica (Laínz) M. Serrano, R. Carbajal & S. Ortiz is a small annual plant endemic to dune systems in the north-west Iberian Peninsula. It is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is a priority taxon under the EU Habitats Directive. Nevertheless, the only comprehensive census of this subspecies was conducted in 2009. Here we present the results of a new survey conducted in 2023 that adds a new location to its known range. Comparison with the previous census suggests that both the total population and area of occupancy have increased. However, these changes were not uniform across the range of the subspecies, with populations increasing at the northern and southern extremes and populations at central sites remaining stable or decreasing. Spatial differences in climate, anthropogenic pressures, plant performance and/or random fluctuations may explain these interpopulation variabilities. Given that the majority of populations are already located within the EU Natura 2000 network, we recommend that the current level of protection be maintained and that the plant be reintroduced into dune systems from which it has recently disappeared. Despite the increase in the total population, we recommend that the plant be recategorized as Critically Endangered given that its area of occupancy is small. Further censuses over time will be needed to provide information on population dynamics, trends, fluctuations and responses to environmental variables.
Making Sense of John Harris and The Value of Life: An Enigma, Wrapped in Mysterious Contradictions, inside an Absence of Theoretical Commitments?
Authors: Coggon John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper critically engages with the work of John Harris. Its central focus is his 1985 book, The Value of Life: a foundational text in philosophical bioethics, whose relevance and resonance continue firmly to endure. My aim is to examine what it says—and omits to say—about political authority. Through analysis of apparent and substantive contradictions, and of John’s core focus on moral reasons rather than a basic moral theory, I argue that John says too little about the founding of political obligation. This is so even while he sees political obligation as morally required. I argue that the framings he gives in favor of moral requirements to accept political obligations are particularly significant because they indicate problems in the fundamentality and import of the idea of respect for persons as it features in The Value of Life.
Resonance, self-reflection, and preparedness through a web-based intervention for family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialised home care
Authors: Bauman Cecilia , Wallin Viktoria , Doveson Sandra , Hudson Peter , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Alvariza Anette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In home-based care for severely ill patients, family caregivers’ contributions are crucial. This study aimed to explore how a web-based psychoeducational intervention influences family caregivers’ experiences in addressing challenges while caring for a patient with life-threatening illnesses during specialized home care.

Methods
This qualitative study undertook semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialized home care. Family caregivers participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a psychoeducational intervention delivered through a website. Interviews were performed with 17 family caregivers; 13 spouses, 2 adult children, 1 parent, and 1 sibling, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The results indicate that the intervention resonated with the family caregivers’ situation which gave them comfort and awareness. It inspired self-reflection on the caregiver role that provided new insights and encouraged communication with the patient. The intervention prepared family caregivers for the patient’s progressing illness and death. While preparing was a help for some, others did not feel ready to face this, which led them to avoid parts of the website.

Significance of results
This psychoeducational web-based intervention guided family caregivers as they addressed challenges in caregiving and prepared for the future, and they valued having access to such an intervention. In a time of decreasing healthcare resources, web-based support may be a useful alternative to in-person interventions. It is important to continue developing, evaluating, and implementing web-based interventions to meet the needs of family caregivers.