bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Thermochemical Exhaust Energy Recovery Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blend on Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Performance
Authors: Mardani Moloud , Herreros Jose , Tsolakis Athanasios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermochemical exhaust energy recovery in a modern gasoline direct injection engine is investigated using ethanol-gasoline blend (E25) and gasoline, as base fuel. The primary objectives of this research are focused on reducing carbonaceous emissions as well as improving thermal efficiency and fuel economy in combustion engines. These are consistent with the global commitment to lessen carbon emissions and meet environmental regulations and agreements.The possibility of hydrogen production through catalytic reforming of mentioned fuels using actual exhaust composition is investigated on full-scale Rh (Rhodium)—Pt (Platinum) catalysts. ANSYS-Chemkin is utilized for thermodynamic equilibrium analyses based on the Gibbs energy minimization method to explore the key reaction pathways for E25 reforming. Main reforming parameters including steam to carbon molar ratios and reforming temperatures are selected to investigate the feasibility of ethanol-gasoline blend reforming as well as to identify the reformate composition and evaluate the whole process efficiency. The results revealed that the presence of ethanol in reforming fuel mixture facilitates endothermic reactions and improves hydrogen-rich mixture, particularly at high engine load conditions where maximum heat recovery is obtained. Furthermore, E25 fuel reforming helped achieving up to 16% greater CO2 compared to gasoline fuel reforming under the same engine condition. Overall, the experimental results of full-scale reforming tests using E25 can be accredited for effective implementation of the reforming technique in practical application.
Hantavirus Brno loanvirus is highly specific to the common noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) and widespread in Central Europe
Authors: Dafalla Maysaa , Orłowska Anna , Keleş Sinan Julian , Straková Petra , Schlottau Kore , Jeske Kathrin , Hoffmann Bernd , Wibbelt Gudrun , Smreczak Marcin , Müller Thomas , Freuling Conrad Martin , Wang Xuejing , Rola Jerzy , Drewes Stephan , Fereidouni Sasan , Heckel Gerald , Ulrich Rainer G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBat-associated hantaviruses have been detected in Asia, Africa and Europe. Recently, a novel hantavirus (Brno loanvirus, BRNV) was identified in common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) in the Czech Republic, but nothing is known about its geographical range and prevalence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and host specificity of BRNV by testing bats from neighbouring countries Germany, Austria and Poland. One thousand forty-seven bats representing 21 species from Germany, 464 bats representing 18 species from Austria and 77 bats representing 12 species from Poland were screened by L segment broad-spectrum nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or by BRNV-specific real-time RT-PCR. Three common noctules from Germany, one common noctule from Austria and three common noctules from Poland were positive in the hantavirus RNA screening. Conventional RT-PCR and primer walking resulted in the amplification of partial L segment and (almost) complete S and M segment coding sequences for samples from Germany and partial L segment sequences for samples from Poland. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences showed highest similarity to BRNV from Czech Republic. The exclusive detection of BRNV in common noctules from different countries suggests high host specificity. The RNA detection rate in common noctules ranged between 1 of 207 (0.5%; Austria), 3 of 245 (1.2%; Germany) and 3 of 20 (15%; Poland). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a broader distribution of BRNV in common noctules in Central Europe, but at low to moderate prevalence. Additional studies are needed to prove the zoonotic potential of this hantavirus and evaluate its transmission within bat populations.
Elucidation and characterization of QTLs for Russet formation on apple fruit in ‘Honeycrisp’-derived breeding germplasm
Authors: Powell Ashley A. , Kostick Sarah A. , Howard Nicholas P. , Luby James J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRusset formation in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a superficial skin disorder that detracts from fruit appearance and therefore is a breeding target in many apple scion breeding programs. Previous studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for russet formation, but these results have been limited to a narrow genetic background, which reduces breeding utility. In this study, 14 breeding parents were represented in 13-full sib families, nine of which were ‘Honeycrisp’-derived while the other four were derived from ‘Minneiska’, an offspring of ‘Honeycrisp.’ Two previously reported QTLs, on linkage group (LG) 2 and LG6, were confirmed and characterized for the first time in ‘Honeycrisp’-derived germplasm. Five other putative QTLs were also detected. The QTLs characterized in this study could be targeted for DNA test development to be used in marker-assisted selection. Non-additive interactions were observed at and between the LG2 and LG6 QTLs. Future work should include validation of QTL and haplotype effects in other germplasm, development of trait-predictive DNA tests for use in apple breeding programs, and exploration of genome-wide prediction models for russet formation.
The Relationship of Kidney Function, Cardiovascular Morbidity, and All-Cause Mortality: a Prospective Primary Care Cohort Study
Authors: Korhonen Päivi E. , Kiiski Sem , Kautiainen Hannu , Ojanen Seppo , Tertti Risto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Lower-than-normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with the risk for all-cause mortality and adverse cardiovascular events. In this regard, the role of higher-than-normal eGFR is still controversial.

Objective
Investigate long-term clinical consequences across the levels of eGFR calculated by the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation among apparently healthy cardiovascular risk subjects.

Design
Prospective study.

Participants
Participants (n=1747) of a population-based screening and intervention program for cardiovascular risk factors in Finland during the years 2005–2007.

Main Measures
Cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality.

Key Results
Over the 14-year follow-up, subjects with eGFR ≥105 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n=97) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality [HR 2.15 (95% CI: 1.24–3.73)], incident peripheral artery disease [HR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.00–6.94)], and atrial fibrillation/flutter [HR 2.10 (95% CI: 1.21–3.65)] when compared to eGFR category 90–104 ml/min after adjustment for cardiovascular and lifestyle-related risk factors. The eGFR category ≥105 ml/min was also associated with a two-fold increased mortality rate compared to the Finnish general population.

Conclusions
Renal hyperfiltration defined as eGFR ≥105 ml/min/1.73 m2 is a frequent and important finding in patients commonly treated in primary care. These patients should be followed closely for timely interventions, such as strict BP and blood glucose regulation.
Stable expression and control parameters in the numerical simulation of unsaturated flow
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Xu , Wu Yongkang , Li Xiaokang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Richards’ equation describes the flow phenomenon in unsaturated porous media and is essential to hydrology and environmental science. This study evaluated the numerical stability of two different forms of the Richards’ equation. Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the control parameters of the equation. The results show that the h-form Richards’ equation has better applicability for calculating variable saturation flows than the θ-form Richards’ equation. For the h-form Richards’ equation, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil in the low-suction range and the specific moisture capacity in the high-suction range primarily influenced the solution. In addition, sensitivity analyses indicated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity, initial condition, and air-entry pressure have a higher sensitivity to the simulation results than the saturated water content, rainfall intensity, and decline rate of hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, their correctness needs to be guaranteed first in numerical simulations. The research findings can provide a helpful reference for improving the reliability of numerical simulations of unsaturated flows.
Fisher information for generalized Rayleigh distribution in ranked set sampling design with application to parameter estimation
Authors: Shen Bing-liang , Wang Shuo , Chen Wang-xue , Chen Meng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the current paper, we considered the Fisher information matrix from the generalized Rayleigh distribution (GR) distribution in ranked set sampling (RSS). The numerical results show that the ranked set sample carries more information about λ and α than a simple random sample of equivalent size. In order to give more insight into the performance of RSS with respect to (w.r.t.) simple random sampling (SRS), a modified unbiased estimator and a modified best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of scale and shape λ and α from GR distribution in SRS and RSS are studied. The numerical results show that the modified unbiased estimator and the modified BLUE of λ and α in RSS are significantly more efficient than the ones in SRS.
A simulation study of hydraulic fracturing design in carbonate reservoirs: a middle east oilfield case study
Authors: Yang Jing , Liu Hui , Xu Wei , Liu Fang , Fang Yanjun , Jin Rongrong , Li Junjian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interactions between hydraulic fracture morphology and fluid transport mechanisms after large-scale fracturing in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs are important factors that could impact post-fracturing productivity. Using an integrated geology-engineering approach that consists of hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation, this paper presents the detailed hydraulic fracturing simulation and design of a low-permeability carbonate reservoir in the Middle East based on sweet spot mapping. The fracturing protocol is determined based on productivity charts, which are obtained via sweet spot mapping of the target carbonate reservoir. The daily production of a horizontal well in the reservoir shows an increase from 870 to 2000 bbl/d after the hydraulic fracturing design and implementation, which is the highest among the existing production wells in same oilfield. The results are shown to be consistent with the proposed productivity chart, which suggests that the implemented workflow could be helpful for the large-scale fracturing implementation of similar carbonate reservoirs.
WNT5A-ROR2 axis mediates VEGF dependence of BRAF mutant melanoma
Authors: Coupe Nicholas , Guo Lina , Bridges Esther , Campo Leticia , Espinosa Olivia , Colling Richard , Marshall Andrea , Nandakumar Ashwin , van Stiphout Ruud , Buffa Francesca M. , Corrie Pippa G. , Middleton Mark R. , Macaulay Valentine M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Despite recent advances, approximately 50% of patient with metastatic melanoma eventually succumb to the disease. Patients with melanomas harboring a BRAF mutation (BRAFMut) have a worse prognosis than those with wildtype (BRAFWT) tumors. Unexpectedly, interim AVAST-M Phase III trial data reported benefit from adjuvant anti-VEGF bevacizumab only in the BRAFMut group. We sought to find mechanisms underpinning this sensitivity.

Methods
We investigated this finding in vitro and in vivo using melanoma cell lines and clones generated by BRAFV600E knock-in on a BRAFWT background.

Results
Compared with BRAFWT cells, isogenic BRAFV600E clones secreted more VEGF and exhibited accelerated growth rates as spheroids and xenografts, which were more vascular and proliferative. Recapitulating AVAST-M findings, bevacizumab affected only BRAFV600E xenografts, inducing significant tumor growth delay, reduced vascularity and increased necrosis. We identified 814 differentially expressed genes in isogenic BRAFV600E/BRAFWT clones. Of 61 genes concordantly deregulated in clinical melanomas ROR2 was one of the most upregulated by BRAFV600E. ROR2 was shown to be RAF-MEK regulated in BRAFV600E cells and its depletion suppressed VEGF secretion down to BRAFWT levels. The ROR2 ligand WNT5A was also overexpressed in BRAFMut melanomas, and in ROR2-overexpressing BRAFV600E cells MEK inhibition downregulated WNT5A and VEGF secretion.

Conclusions
These data implicate WNT5A-ROR2 in VEGF secretion, vascularity, adverse outcomes and bevacizumab sensitivity of BRAFMut melanomas, suggesting that this axis has potential therapeutic relevance.
Evaluation of fungicides for management of boxwood blight caused by Calonectria spp. under field conditions in Northern Germany
Authors: Brand Thomas , Beltz Heinrich , Adhikari Urmila , Daughtrey Margery , Luster Douglas G. , Kong Ping , Hong Chuanxue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFungicide protection is the current approach for management of boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) and C. henricotiae (Che). However, published studies evaluating fungicides under field conditions have been focused on Cps. The objective of this study was to evaluate fungicides in Northern Germany where both Cps and Che were present. Three trials were conducted between 2006 and 2016. In 2006, plants were artificially inoculated with a conidial suspension, while infested soil and plant debris were added to a different field as inoculum for the 2012 trial and this field was used again without further addition of inoculum in 2015. Fungicides were applied one to five times and assessments were done three to six times, depending upon the trial. The highest level of disease severity occurred in 2015 (0.91), while the lowest occurred in 2012 (0.01). Among the fungicides evaluated in 2006, preventive sprays of Cercobin FL, Switch, Harvesan, Pugil 75 WG, Dithane NeoTec and Euparen M WG were most effective, with blight control above 65%. In 2012, all treatments including Askon, Cabrio Top, Malvin WG, Dithane NeoTec and Osiris showed > 75% blight control. In 2015, Bayer Rosen-Pilzfrei Baymat and Switch were the most effective (> 82%). Extended in-season blight control was also observed with some fungicides. Additionally, a few fungicides that were evaluated in more than 1 year showed reduced effectiveness over time. This study filled several major knowledge gaps especially regarding fungicide efficacy against Che under field conditions and thus provides crucial information for developing chemical control strategies.
Elite Recreation Specialization and Motivations among Birdwatchers: The Case of Club 300 Members
Authors: Randler Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecreationists differ in their engagement, specialization and involvement in their leisure activity. Recreation specialization can be seen as a continuum from the novice to the highly advanced (or as a career process), sometimes grouped into three or four categories. Within the highest category of advanced recreationists, a specific hard-core, elite or devotee segment was identified. In this study, the highly specialized or elite segment of birdwatchers was addressed. Therefore, members of the Club 300 (in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland), were studied in comparison to non-members. Members of the Club 300 are required to have observed about 300 bird species in their respective country. Scales on recreation specialization, motivations and involvement were applied. A general linear multivariate model revealed a significant influence of Club 300 membership on the total set of the different dimensions with an eta-squared of 0.315, representing a high effect size. Subsequent uni-variate analyses showed that members differed from non-members significantly in all dimensions. Thus, Club 300 members fulfil the requirements of an elite segment because they differ in knowledge and behavior, as well as in their motivations from other birdwatchers.
A hybrid algorithm for adjusting the input parameters of the wirecut EDM machine in order to obtain maximum customer satisfaction
Authors: Haghshenas Gorgani Hamid , Jahazi Ali , Jahantigh Pak Alireza , Shabani Sharif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study presents an algorithm to optimally adjust the input parameters of the wirecut to align its output with the customer’s expectations. For this, AHP and QFD are used to identify and prioritize customer needs in the form of a desirability function. Then, using the Taguchi method, variance analysis, and regression, a fitness function is prepared and optimized by the multi-objective genetic algorithm. Through a case study, the proposed method is validated in terms of flexibility, simplicity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and updateability. Also, customer satisfaction is calculated for two groups of 45 people, with and without using the proposed method. The growth of the customer satisfaction index (CSAT) from 57.6 to 70.3, and the customer satisfaction score from 30.2 to 54.2, show the positive performance of the method. This converts regular customers into loyal ones. It also makes them encourages others to use the mentioned services and widen the customer network. It is clearly seen in the growth of the net promoter score from 6.67 to 31.11. All in all, it can be said that this algorithm helps the survival, profitability, and expansion of an industrial organization.
Exhaustible resource use under endogenous time preference
Authors: Maeda Akira , Nagaya Makiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper revisits a classical economic topic of exhaustible resource use on the basis of recent developments in time preference and discount factor models. An analysis of the effects of endogenous time preferences on the dynamic properties of resource use is conducted, contrasting the classical Hotelling results. More specifically, we develop an analytical model that incorporates endogenous time preference into the decision framework of resource consumption. It is expected that the results obtained here not only contribute to the literature of pure economic theory, but also to recent climate policy debates on discounting factors.
Comparison of Epithermal Kaolin Deposits from the Etili Area (Çanakkale, Turkey): Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Isotopic Characteristics
Authors: Ercan Hatice Ünal , Ece Ö. Işık , Çiftçi Emin , Aydın Ayça 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrothermal solutions related to magmatic intrusions that occurred during the Oligo-Miocene resulted in advanced multi-stage alterations and, to varying degrees, kaolinization over a wide area of the Biga Peninsula. The most important formations in these kaolin deposits occurred along the NE–SW-trending Çan-Etili-Bayramiç fault zone. The Bahadırlı, Duman, and Çaltıkara quarries are well preserved kaolin deposits throughout these fault zones located within the Çan Volcanics. Mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic analyses were performed to identify the environments of formation of kaolins and the origin of the hydrothermal solution that led to the formation of these deposits.The mineralogical assemblages of each of the quarries differ from each other. The Bahadırlı kaolin quarry comprises kaolinite + alunite ± quartz ± smectite ± plagioclase ± K-feldspar. The Çaltıkara kaolin deposits consist of kaolinite + quartz + alunite ± iron-oxide and ore minerals. The Duman kaolin quarry was considered in two different slopes as a hanging wall block and a footwall block, and the blocks contain kaolinite + quartz + plagioclase ± smectite and kaolinite ± alunite ± smectite ± quartz ± plagioclase ± K-Feldspar ± gypsum, respectively. During petrographic investigations, it was observed that kaolinization occurred generally in K-feldspar and plagioclase phenocrysts and partially in the matrix. Mineralogical and micromorphological investigations revealed that the kaolin group includes the dioctahedral minerals kaolinite and halloysite. According to the trace element contents of the kaolinites, the Çaltıkara and Bahadırlı deposits had a hypogene origin, while the Duman deposit had a supergene origin. δ18O isotopic values of kaolinites ranged from +10.3 to +18.3‰. δ34S isotopic values ranged from –17.2 to +20.2‰ of alunite, galena, and pyrite minerals, which indicate different formation environments for the kaolin quarries. 40Ar/39Ar dating of alunite revealed that the timing of acid-sulfate alteration was compatible with the magmatic intrusions. All these data revealed the mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic differences caused by the effect of different hydrothermal processes in three kaolin deposits located on the same fault zone, close to each other and similar in age.
Remote and In-Person Learning: Utility Versus Social Experience
Authors: Photopoulos Panos , Tsonos Christos , Stavrakas Ilias , Triantis Dimos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe massive transition from in-person to remote teaching increased the impact of technology on the everyday life of the universities. Without the face-to-face component, learning and teaching became a completely different experience for students and teachers. Recording the attitudes and perceptions of the undergraduate students on the new situation became necessary for the faculties to support them effectively. This research collected quantitative and qualitative data from 336 students of all the years of studies. The students preferred in-person teaching and reported higher engagement, learning, and understanding during classroom teaching. More senior students, who had developed face-to-face ties with their colleagues before the pandemic, found it easier to continue their interactions remotely. They were interested in matching learning with the duties and needs at the particular period of their life, despite their beliefs concerning the effectiveness of in-person teaching. The first-year students found it challenging to develop relationships remotely, and they were the most frustrated. Overall, students in the first years of their studies perceived remote teaching as dissatisfactory compared to the more senior students. Similar to other publications, the respondents of this study challenged the effectiveness of remote teaching and the concomitant transition from in-person to remote social relationships.
The Study on Cervical Cancer Burden in 127 Countries and Its Socioeconomic Influence Factors
Authors: Xu Tingting , Yang Xueling , He Xiaoning , Wu Jing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the relationship between cervical cancer burden and HDI and other socioeconomic influence factors in 127 countries.

Methods
Dividing 127 countries into low-, medium-, high-, ultrahigh-HDI groups, and using statistical method to compare the prevalence trend of cervical cancer in different HDI country groups. Then selecting mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) to measure the cancer burden as the dependent variable, HDI and other socioeconomic factors selected from 2020 Human Development Report as independent variables, and using multi-regression model to analyze the correlation between variables.

Results
Countries with higher HDI were found to have lower prevalence and mortality of cervical cancer, and vice versa. Besides that, air and water pollution, government-coordinated spending, and the intimate partner of 15–49-year-old women and girls have positive correlation impact on cervical cancer burden.

Discussion
The cancer prevention and control policies in countries with high HDI have achieved relatively ideal implementation effects. Countries with relatively backward social and economic development level, cancer prevention and control policies had little effect, such as lower HPV vaccination coverage, poor regional health resource allocation, and week public education awareness. Therefore, cervical cancer control plan must be integrated into national strategies and implemented in people-oriented comprehensive health services.