bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Drives the News Coverage of US Social Movements?
Authors: Yuan Weijun , Caren Neal , Amenta Edwin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
What drives the news coverage of social movements in the professional news media? We address this question by elaborating an institutional mediation model arguing that the news values, routines, and characteristics of the news media induce them to pay attention to movements depending on their characteristics and the political contexts in which they engage. The news-making characteristics of movements include their disruptive capacities and organizational strength, and the political contexts include a partisan regime in power, benefitting from national policies, and congressional investigations. To appraise these arguments, we analyze approximately 1 million news articles mentioning 29 social movements over the twentieth century, published in four national newspapers. We use negative binomial regression analyses and separate time-series analyses of the labor movement to assess the model’s robustness across different movements, time periods, and news sources. In each analysis, the results support the hypotheses based on the institutional mediation model. More generally, we argue that the influence of social movements on institutions depends on the structure and operating procedures of those institutions. This insight has implications for future studies of the influence of movements on major social institutions.
Safety and Efficacy of a Novel, Variable-Sequenced, Long-Pulsed, 532-nm and 1,064-nm Laser With Cryogen Spray Cooling for Pigmented and Vascular Lesions
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Bajaj Shirin , Murgia Robert , Wu Sean Z. , Weiss Robert , Geronemus Roy G. , Ibrahimi Omar A. , Kilmer Suzanne 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Patients frequently seek treatment for vascular and pigmented lesions. More recently, a novel, variable-sequenced, long-pulsed, 532-nm and 1,064-nm laser with cryogen spray cooling was developed to offer greater flexibility in treatments.

OBJECTIVE
A prospective clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel, variable-sequenced, long-pulsed, 532-nm and 1,064-nm laser with cryogen spray cooling (DermaV, Lutronic, South Korea).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects with vascular and/or pigmented lesions were enrolled and underwent laser treatments.

RESULTS
Twenty-three subjects were enrolled with vascular lesions (39.1%), pigmented lesions (17.4%), and both (43.5%). Mean age was 53.1 years, and 91.3% were women. Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV were included. All subjects were treated with 532 nm, and 4 were also treated with 1,064 nm. According to 4 blinded physician reviewers, correct before and after photographs were selected in 94.7%, 92.1%, 84.2%, and 76.3% of cases. Overall, 86.8% were responders, meaning that at least 3 of 4 reviewers agreed. For Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, improvement occurred in 81.6%, 81.6%, 81.6%, and 76.3% of cases. No serious adverse events occurred. Overall, 87.0% of subjects reported being very satisfied or satisfied.

CONCLUSION
A novel, variable-sequenced, long-pulsed, 532-nm and 1,064-nm laser with cryogen spray cooling can safely and effectively improve vascular and pigmented lesions.
An Examination of the Joint Effect of the Social Environment and Air Pollution on Dementia Among US Older Adults
Authors: Ilango Sindana D. , Leary Cindy S. , Ritchie Emily , Semmens Erin O. , Park Christina , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Kaufman Joel D. , Hajat Anjum 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Evidence suggests exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. Cognitively stimulating activities and social interactions, made available through the social environment, may slow cognitive decline. We examined whether the social environment buffers the adverse effect of air pollution on dementia in a cohort of older adults.

Methods:
This study draws from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. Participants aged 75 years and older were enrolled between 2000 and 2002 and evaluated for dementia semi-annually through 2008. Long-term exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide was assigned from spatial and spatiotemporal models. Census tract-level measures of the social environment and individual measures of social activity were used as measures of the social environment. We generated Cox proportional hazard models with census tract as a random effect and adjusted for demographic and study visit characteristics. Relative excess risk due to interaction was estimated as a qualitative measure of additive interaction.

Results:
This study included 2,564 individuals. We observed associations between increased risk of dementia and fine particulate matter (µg/m3), coarse particulate matter (µg/m3), and nitrogen dioxide (ppb); HRs per 5 unit increase were 1.55 (1.01, 2.18), 1.31 (1.07, 1.60), and 1.18 (1.02, 1.37), respectively. We found no evidence of additive interaction between air pollution and the neighborhood social environment.

Conclusions:
We found no consistent evidence to suggest a synergistic effect between exposure to air pollution and measures of the social environment. Given the many qualities of the social environment that may reduce dementia pathology, further examination is encouraged.
Further Evidence Against Bilateral Manifestation Of Coats Disease In Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Macula
Authors: Storp Jens Julian , Leclaire Martin Dominik , Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Englmaier Verena Anna , Albert Felix , Eter Nicole , Al-Nawaiseh Sami 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:Recent studies have questioned the traditional view, which regards Coats disease as a strictly unilateral entity. Applying optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), this prospective, monocentric study investigates quantitative capillary changes of the macula associated with Coats disease.Methods:24 eyes (4 untreated, 8 pre-treated) of 12 patients with stage 2 Coats disease (age range: 9 – 61 years) and 15 eyes of healthy, age-matched controls from the University of Muenster Medical Center, Germany received macular OCTA measurements of the superficial (SCP), deep (DCP) and choriocapillary (CC) capillary plexus. Flow density (FD) and parameters related to the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were compared between Coats eyes and fellow eyes, as well as between fellow eyes and control eyes. Additional subanalyses investigated changes based on disease stage.Results:FD did not differ between fellow eyes of Coats disease patients and control eyes in any of the parameters investigated. Comparison of Coats eyes to their respective fellow eyes revealed Coats disease to be associated with lower FD in SCP, DCP and CC regions, irrespective of disease stage (all p < 0.03). There were no noticeable differences regarding the size or symmetry of the FAZ.Conclusion:In light of the recent discussion around the unilateral character of Coats disease, this trial provides evidence against a bilateral presentation of vascular changes in the macula.
Comparison of 110- and 145-µm Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction Cap Thickness: A Randomized Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak , Jafarzadeh Seyed Vahid , Es'haghi Acieh , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Hassanzadeh Samira , Ziaei Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the visual, refractive, and biomechanical outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with two different cap thicknesses.

Methods:
Thirty-four patients were included in this prospective, randomized, contralateral eye study. Subjects were randomized to receive SMILE surgery with a 110-m cap thickness in one eye and 145-µm cap thickness in the fellow eye. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS), total higherorder aberrations (THOAs) and corneal biomechanical properties were compared 3 months after surgery.

Results:
Postoperative refractive and visual outcomes, CS and THOAs were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05 for all parameters). At 3 months postoperatively, there was a significant difference in Corvis ST Biomechanical Index (CBI); stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP A1), and Integrated Radius between the two groups (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Eyes with thicker SMILE corneal caps showed no advantage regarding visual acuity, CS and THOAs over eyes with thinner caps. However, higher cap thickness may result in better corneal biomechanical properties postoperatively.
Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus or Infliximab Therapy in Children and Young Adults With Acute Severe Colitis
Authors: Zimmerman Lori A. , Spaan Jonathan , Weinbren Nathan , Manokaran Krishanth , Ajithkumar Aravindh , Bogursky Anna , Liu Enju , Lillehei Craig , Weil Brent R. , Zalieckas Jill M. , Bousvaros Athos , Rufo Paul A. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
One-third of children and young adults admitted for management of acute severe colitis (ASC) fail intravenous corticosteroids. Infliximab (IFX) or tacrolimus (TAC) is often used to prevent urgent colectomy in these patients. However, no prior studies have reviewed the outcome of pediatric patients with ASC who were treated with either IFX or TAC.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 170 pediatric patients with ASC admitted to our institution who did not respond to intravenous corticosteroids and were subsequently treated with either IFX or TAC. We compared 6-month colectomy rates, time to colectomy, improvement in disease activity indices, and adverse effects.

Results:
The mean age of patients in the IFX (n = 84) and TAC (n = 86) groups were 14 and 13.8 years, respectively. The median study follow-up time was 23 months. The rate of colectomy 6 months from rescue therapy was similar whether patients received IFX or TAC (22.6% vs 26.7%, respectively, P = 0.53). The mean decline in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scores from admission to discharge in those treated with IFX (31.9) or TAC (29.8) was similar (P = 0.63). Three patients treated with IFX experienced infusion reactions. Six patients treated with TAC experienced changes in renal function or electrolytes, and 4 patients reported neurologic symptoms.

Conclusions:
There were no significant differences in the likelihood of colectomy 6 months after initiating IFX or TAC rescue therapy. Efficacy of both agents was comparable. The types of adverse effects differed by therapy. These data support the use of either TAC or IFX in children with ASC refractory to intravenous corticosteroids.
Characterization of Colonoscopies in Preschool Children
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Thapar Nikhil , Withers Geoffrey D. , Ee Looi C. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
The indications, diagnostic yield, complications, and cecal and ileal intubation rates (CIR and IIR) for colonoscopies in children aged <6 years, denoted preschoolers, is unclear since there is limited information for this group. We aimed to describe the above parameters in our cohort of preschoolers undergoing a colonoscopy.

Methods:
Retrospective review of all colonoscopies in a tertiary pediatric hospital between December 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 was undertaken. Demographic factors, indication for colonoscopy, extent of colonoscopy, CIR, IIR, and histologic findings were noted. Preschoolers were further subdivided into those aged <2 years, and those aged 2 to <6 years.

Results:
One thousand six hundred seventy-one total colonoscopies were performed, of which 13% (n = 219) were in preschoolers with median age 3.9 (range 0.3–5.9) years. Most common indications in preschoolers were rectal bleeding 35% (n = 78), inflammatory bowel disease 24% (n = 53), diarrhea 13% (n = 30), iron-deficiency anemia 11% (n = 25), and abdominal pain 7% (n = 16). IIR and CIR were lower in preschoolers compared to older children, 81% vs 92% (P = 0.0001), and 93% vs 96.4% (P = 0.02), respectively, and even lower in those aged <2 years, 48.1% IIR (P = 0.0001) and 85.1% CIR. Juvenile polyps, 31% (n = 27), were the most common positive finding in preschool children.

Conclusion:
Rectal bleeding was the most common indication and juvenile polyps the most common finding at colonoscopy in preschoolers. A high IIR is achievable in young children but rates are increasingly lower the younger the child.
Oral Tacrolimus in Steroid Refractory and Dependent Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Goel Akhil , Semwal Pooja , Srivastava Anshu 
Published: May 2023

Background:
There are limited treatment options for children with steroid-refractory or dependent ulcerative colitis (UC). A few observational studies suggest efficacy of oral tacrolimus. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of tacrolimus in pediatric UC.

Methods:
PubMed and Scopus were searched for publications related to the use of oral tacrolimus in pediatric UC. Data regarding the clinical response and colectomy-free survival were extracted from studies that met the selection criteria.

Results:
The search strategy yielded 492 articles of which 7 studies were included in the final review. They included 166 children (111 steroid-refractory, 52 steroid-dependent, 3 no steroids). Majority of cases (150/166 [90%]) were naïve to biologics. An initial response to tacrolimus therapy was seen in 84% (95% CI: 73%–93%) (n = 7 studies). No difference was observed between children with high (>10 ng/mL) or low tacrolimus levels (127/150 [85%] vs 12/16 [75%], P = 0.3). No difference in initial response between the children who were steroid refractory or dependent (92/111 [83%] vs 46/52 [88%], P = 0.36). The response in the biologic-exposed group (n = 10) was 70%. At 1-year follow-up, 15.2% (95% CI: 7%–21%) (n = 2 studies, 85 patients) had a sustained response on only tacrolimus. The pooled frequency of 1-year colectomy-free survival in children treated with initial oral tacrolimus was 64% (95% CI: 53%–75%). Twelve (7.2%) patients required cessation of therapy because of side effects.

Conclusion:
Tacrolimus has a high initial response in biologic naïve UC children. It can be effectively used as a bridge to other therapies with a 1-year colectomy-free survival of 64%.
Pancreatitis-Associated Medication Use in Hospitalized Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Collen Lauren V. , Mitchell Paul D. , Fox Victor L. , Grover Amit S. 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is (1) to describe the prevalence of pancreatitis-associated medication (PAM) use at admission and discharge in pediatric and young adult patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP) and (2) to describe the prevalence of PAM use at admission in patients classified as having idiopathic AP.

Study Design:
A single-center retrospective study of patients <21 years who were hospitalized with AP or acute recurrent pancreatitis from March 2015 to July 2017 was performed. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, etiology of pancreatitis, comorbidities, and use of PAMs at admission and discharge. PAMs were defined and scored based on an evidence-based classification system, with class I PAMs having strongest evidence for causation. Standard descriptive statistics were used to report prevalence data.

Results:
Our cohort was comprised of 119 patients; 50% of patients were using a PAM at admission and 67% were taking a PAM at discharge, reflecting a significant change (P = 0.0009); 44% of patients classified as having idiopathic pancreatitis were taking a PAM on admission, reflecting a possibly missed role of medication in their presentation. Comorbidities significantly associated with PAM use included seizure disorder (P = 0.005) and oncologic disease (P = 0.005). The most commonly used class I PAMs were omeprazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethazole, valproic acid, and 6-mercaptopurine. The increase in prevalence of PAM use at discharge compared to admission was partially driven by addition of omeprazole to the outpatient medication regimen during the hospital stay (P = 0.07).

Conclusion:
Medications likely play an under-recognized role in pediatric AP. The practice of using proton pump inhibitors in management of AP warrants further study.
Education Level Modulates the Presence of Poststroke Depression and Anxiety, But It Depends on Age
Authors: Samudio-Cruz María Alejandra , Toussaint-González Paola , Estrada-Cortés Berenice , Martínez-Cortéz José A. , Rodríguez-Barragán Marlene A. , Hernández-Arenas Claudia , Quinzaños-Fresnedo Jimena , Carrillo-Mora Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common complications after stroke and little is known about the modulatory roles of education and age. Our study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of education level on anxiety and depression after stroke and their effect on each age group. Adults with first stroke took part in this cross-sectional observational clinical study. We used the following instruments: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Montreal Cognitive Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Barthel index, and Functional Independence Measure. There were 89 patients. The mean (SD) age was 58.01 (13) years, mean (SD) years of education was 9.91 (5.22), 55.1% presented depression symptoms and 47.2% anxiety symptoms, 56.2% were young adults and 43.8% were older adults. We identified a negative association between education and anxiety score (r = −0. 269, p = 0.011) and depression score (r = −0.252, p = 0.017). In the linear regression analysis, we found that education is negatively associated with HADS, but this influence was more consistent in young adults. In conclusion, a higher education level reduces the risk of depression and anxiety, but their effect is less consistent in older adults.
Adverse Events During Submaximal Aerobic Exercise Testing in People With Subacute Stroke: A Scoping Review
Authors: Legasto-Mulvale Jean Michelle , Inness Elizabeth L. , Thompson Alexandra N. , Chandran Nivetha , Mathur Sunita , Salbach Nancy M. 
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose:
Concern for adverse cardiovascular events and limited guidance regarding how to conduct aerobic exercise (AEx) testing for individuals poststroke are key barriers to implementation by physical therapists in stroke rehabilitation. This study aimed to describe the nature and safety of submaximal AEx testing protocols for people with subacute stroke (PwSS) and the nature of comorbidity of PwSS who underwent submaximal AEx testing.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus from inception to October 29, 2020. Studies involving submaximal AEx testing with PwSS, reporting on participant comorbidity and on adverse events during testing, were eligible. Two reviewers independently conducted title and abstract and full-text screening. One reviewer extracted data; a second reviewer verified data.

Results:
Thirteen studies involving 452 participants and 19 submaximal AEx testing protocols (10 field test, 7 incremental, and 2 constant load) were included. Hypertension (41%), diabetes (31%), and dyslipidemia (27%) were the most common comorbidities reported. No protocols resulted in a serious adverse event. The most common test termination criterion was a heart rate (HR) limit (9 protocols); a limit of 85% age-predicted maximal HR (APM-HR) most frequently reported. Average APM-HR achieved, computed using mean age and mean peak HR, ranged from 59% to 88% across 13 protocols.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Diverse submaximal AEx testing protocols with conservative test termination criteria can be safely implemented with PwSS. Results can inform clinical practice guidelines and address physical therapists' concerns with the occurrence of serious adverse events during submaximal AEx testing.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A430).
Freeing the animal model: a modular, wirelessly-powered, implantable electronic platform
Authors: Greene Jacqueline J. , Gorelik Pavel , Mazor Ofer , Guarin Diego L. , Malka Ronit , Hadlock Tessa 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Fully implantable electronic devices in freely-roaming animal models are useful in biomedical research, but their development is prohibitively resource intensive for many laboratories. The advent of miniaturized microcontrollers with onboard wireless data exchange capabilities has enabled cost-efficient development of myriad do-it-yourself (DIY) electronic devices that are easily customizable with open-source software (https://www.arduino.cc/). Likewise, the global proliferation of mobile devices has led to the development of low-cost miniaturized wireless power technology. We present a low-cost, rechargeable, and fully-implantable electronic device comprising a commercially available, open-source, wirelessly-powered microcontroller that is readily customizable with myriad readily available miniature sensors and actuators. We demonstrate the utility of this platform for chronic nerve stimulation in the freely-roaming rat with intermittent wireless charging over 4 weeks. Device assembly was achieved within two hours and necessitated only basic soldering equipment. Component costs totaled $115 per device. Wireless data transfer and wireless re-charging of device batteries was achieved within 30 minutes, and no harmful heat generation occurred during charging or discharging cycles as measured by external thermography and internal device temperature monitoring. Wireless communication enabled triggered cathodic pulse stimulation of the facial nerve at various user-selected programmed frequencies (1, 5, and 10 Hz) for periods of four weeks or longer. This implantable electronic platform could be further miniaturized and expanded to study a vast array of biomedical research questions in live animal models.
Walking Ability and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Are Highly Predictive of Kidney Transplant Waiting List Removal
Authors: Katz Daniel A. , Ten Eyck Patrick , Binns Grace , Manay Priyadarshini , Sanders M. Lee , Hornickel Jodell L. , Vu An , Swee Melissa , Kalil Roberto 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Kidney transplant waitlist management is complex because waiting time is long, and the patients have significant comorbidities. Identification of patients at highest risk for waiting list removal for death and medical complications could allow better outcomes and allocation of resources.

Methods:
Demographics, functional and frailty assessment‚ and biochemical data were retrospectively analyzed on 313 consecutive patients listed for kidney transplant. Troponin, brain natriuretic peptide, components of the Fried frailty metrics, pedometer activity, and treadmill ability were measured at the time of transplant evaluation and at subsequent re-evaluations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with death or waiting list removal for medical reasons. Multivariate models were created to identify significant predictor sets.

Results:
Among 249 patients removed while waitlisted, 19 (6.1%) died and 51 (16.3%) were removed for medical reasons. Mean follow-up duration was 2.3 y (±1.5 y). 417 sets of measurements were collected. Significant (P < 0.05) non–time-dependent variables associated with the composite outcome identified on univariate analysis included N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (BNP), treadmill ability, pedometer activity, diagnosis of diabetes and the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale question asking how many days per week could you not get going. Significant time-dependent factors included BNP, treadmill ability, Up and Go, pedometer activity, handgrip, 30 s chair sit-stand test, and age. The optimal time-dependent predictor set included BNP, treadmill ability, and patient age.

Conclusions:
Changes in functional and biochemical markers are predictive of kidney waitlist removal for death and medical reasons. BNP and measures of walking ability were of particular importance.