bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does environmental justice look like in Vermont? Centering perspectives from the margins
Authors: Panikkar Bindu , Selle Julia , Nelson Ingrid L. , Engelman-Lado Marianne , McCandless Susannah , Kasper Shaina , Byrne Jennifer , Keady Walter , Ren Qing , Hamshaw Kelly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUntil 2022, Vermont was one of the few US states that did not have an Environmental Justice (EJ) policy. In 2016, the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) initiated a process to create an EJ policy based on an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A coalition of academics, non-profit organization leaders, legal experts, and community-based partners formed in response to the DEC’s initial approach because it lacked a robust process to center the voices of the most vulnerable Vermonters. The coalition developed a mixed-method, community-based approach to ask, “What does EJ look like in Vermont?” This article reports the door-to-door survey portion of that broader research effort. The survey of 569 Vermont residents purposively sampled sites of likely environmental harm and health concerns and sites with existing relationships with activists and community organizations engaged in ongoing EJ struggles. The survey results use logistic regression to show that non-white respondents in the sites sampled were significantly more likely to be renters, to report exposures to mold, to have trouble paying for food and electricity, to lack access to public transportation, were less likely to own a vehicle, to have a primary care doctor, and reported higher rates of Lyme disease than white respondents. Our findings contribute to EJ theory regarding the co-productive relationship between environmental privilege and environmental harms within the context of persistent characterizations of Vermont as an environmental leader with abundant environmental benefits.
A New Species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Braconidae, Rogadinae) with Potential for Biological Control of Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), and Notes on the Definition of the gastritor, circumscriptus, and Related Species-Groups
Authors: Shimbori Eduardo Mitio , Takahashi Tamara Akemi , Watanabe Isabela Midori , Penteado-Dias Angélica Maria , Foerster Luís Amilton , Shaw Scott Richard , Parra José Roberto Postali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new species of Aleiodes Wesmael in the gastritor Thunberg species-group is described and illustrated. The new species, Aleiodes ceres Shimbori sp.n., occurs in Southern Brazil and Argentina. It is a potential biological control agent of caterpillars in the genus Spodoptera Guenée, namely S. cosmioides (Walker), S. eridania (Stoll), and S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith), which are serious pests on major crops including maize and soybean. The position of the new species within Aleiodes is discussed in relation to existing proposals of subdivisions of the genus into species-groups. In agreement with recent publications, the gastritor species-group is treated as separate from the circumscriptus Nees/bicolor Spinola group, as evidence suggests the latter is absent in the New World. We also propose the provisional shakirae Shimbori & Shaw species-group, to accommodate a clade of Neotropical species with geometrid hosts and morphological features similar to the gastritor and circumscriptus groups. A key to Neotropical species in the gastritor group and similar species is provided, except for species recently named without a morphological description.
Understanding Nigeria’s transition pathway to carbon neutrality using the Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Ogbonna Chukwuemeka G. , Nwachi Christy C. , Okeoma Immaculata O. , Fagbami Oluwatosin A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNigeria, at the 2021 Conference of Parties (COP26) meeting in Glasgow announced a commitment to transitioning her carbon economy to reach net-zero by 2060. One year after, the country’s drive for carbon neutrality is shrouded with uncertainties despite numerous policies targeted at it. This study employed the Multilevel Perspective (MLP) and PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) analytical framework to assess the politics of low-carbon transition in Nigeria. We used a triangulation of literature review, document analysis, and survey to build the theoretical, historical, and empirical bases for the enquiry. The findings show that the current low-carbon transition process is characterised by few potential drivers and many barriers with critical uncertainty effects. The key drivers are: Nigeria’s potentials for carbon sink/nature-based solutions; vast renewable energy resources; strong niche market demand; and huge opportunities for employment in the renewable energy sector. The major barriers are: poor management of the energy regime; weak infrastructural base; dependence on global climate fund; fossil fuel-based economy; cost of renewable energy options; and impacts of climate change, among others. The barriers with critical impacts outweigh the potential drivers at the ratio of 4:1 thereby playing greater role in characterizing Nigeria’s transition pathway as the ‘reconfiguration transition pathway’ within the ‘emergent transformation context.’ Therefore, unless the identified regime barriers are eliminated, the current transition pathway may not deliver the low-carbon targets. Considering the huge mitigation potentials of Nigeria’s vast forests and natural ecosystem for carbon sink, the study recommends investment in nature-based solutions in synergy with energy system management as the most convenient and cost-effective pathway to attaining carbon neutrality by 2060.
Low-to-Moderate Arsenic Exposure and Urothelial Tract Cancers with a Long Latent Period of Follow-Up in an Arseniasis Area
Authors: Liao Pei-Ju , Lee Chih-Hung , Wang Shu-Li , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chen Chien-Jen , Seak Chen-June , Wu I-Wen , Hsu Kuang-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Arsenic exposure can cause adverse health effects. The effects of long-term low-to-moderate exposure and methylations remain unclear.

Objective
This study aims to examine the association between low-to-moderate arsenic exposure and urothelial tract cancers while considering the effects of methylation capacity.

Methods
In this study, 5,811 participants were recruited from an arseniasis area in Taiwan for inorganic arsenic metabolite analysis. This follow-up study was conducted between August 1995 and December 2017. We identified 85 urothelial tract cancers in these participants, including 49 bladder and 36 upper urothelial tract cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed.

Results
The analyses revealed a significant association between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water > 100 ug/L and bladder cancer occurrence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.88 (95% CI 1.35–17.61). A monotonic trend was observed between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water (from 0 to > 100 ug/L) and the incidence of urothelial tract cancer, including bladder cancer (p < 0.05) and upper urothelial tract cancers (p < 0.05). Participants with a lower primary methylation index or higher secondary methylation index had a prominent effect.

Conclusions
Rigorous regulations and active interventions should be considered for populations with susceptible characteristics.
Towards a Citizen- and Citizenry-Centric Digitalization of the Urban Environment: Urban Digital Twinning as Commoning
Authors: Calzati Stefano , van Loenen Bastiaan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we make a case for (1) a sociotechnical understanding and (2) a commoning approach to the governance of digital twin technologies applied to the urban environment. The European Union has reinstated many times over the willingness to pursue a citizen-centric approach to digital transformation. However, recent studies show the limits of a human right-based only approach in that this overlooks consequences of data-driven technologies at societal level. The need to synthesize an individual-based and collective-based approach within an ecosystemic vision is key, especially when it comes to cities, which are complex systems affected by problems whose solutions require forms of self-organization. Tackling the limitations of current tech-centered and practice-first city digital twin (CDT) projects in Europe, in this article, we conceptualize the idea of urban digital twinning (UDT) as a process that is contextual, iterative, and participatory. Unpacking the normative understanding of data-as-resource, we claim that a commoning approach to data allows enacting a fair ecosystemic vision of the digitalization of the urban environment which is ultimately both citizen- and citizenry-centric.
Participation of scheduled caste youth in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Tamil Nadu: a critical analysis
Authors: Lalitha S. , Karpagam N. , Sona S. , Roul Avilash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor achieving the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) it is very much called for the meaningful participation of the youth. The young population in India is sizable, diversified, and affected by a wide range of problems. Due to their social status and caste rigidity, youth from Scheduled Castes (SC) are vulnerable. Despite numerous laws and programs, Tamil Nadu’s programs for SC youth have a lower-than-average active participation rate. Their transition and social development are negatively impacted by poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, discrimination, and the lack of opportunities. Numerous empirical studies have examined the status of SCs in terms of their involvement in work and education, but none have yet studied their participation in accomplishing the SDGs. This paper examines how SC youth in Tamil Nadu participated in the SDGs. Subsequently, it offers an inclusive strategy to increase SC youth participation in accomplishing the SDGs.
Students’ perceptions of the natural world and their attitudes toward ecological issues: What is the relationship between them?
Authors: Bayati Irene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the perceptions and attitudes of 234 Greek secondary school students regarding ecological issues arising from human intervention in food webs. The results of this study indicate that the following factors are crucial for students’ attitudes toward environmental protection: scientific knowledge, perceptions of the relationship between humans and nature and personal motivations. It was found that those students who understand the interconnectedness of populations in food webs are able to evaluate arguments on an ecological issue and have positive attitudes toward environmental protection. However, students who have limited knowledge in evaluating arguments make decisions to solve environmental problems based on their perception of human-nature relationships. Thus, it has been shown that students who adopt an ecocentric or biocentric view sometimes adopt a negative or neutral attitude toward environmental protection because their incomplete knowledge leads them to misjudge the ecological impact of the proposed solutions. This study confirms that the development of values is best accompanied by the development of basic ecological knowledge. It also recognizes the usefulness of food webs as a means of revealing students’ worldviews. Finally, the food web proves to be a specific indicator of the attitudes studied.
Design representation for performance evaluation of 3D shapes in structure-aware generative design
Authors: Li Xingang , Xie Charles , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Data-driven generative design (DDGD) methods utilize deep neural networks to create novel designs based on existing data. The structure-aware DDGD method can handle complex geometries and automate the assembly of separate components into systems, showing promise in facilitating creative designs. However, determining the appropriate vectorized design representation (VDR) to evaluate 3D shapes generated from the structure-aware DDGD model remains largely unexplored. To that end, we conducted a comparative analysis of surrogate models’ performance in predicting the engineering performance of 3D shapes using VDRs from two sources: the trained latent space of structure-aware DDGD models encoding structural and geometric information and an embedding method encoding only geometric information. We conducted two case studies: one involving 3D car models focusing on drag coefficients and the other involving 3D aircraft models considering both drag and lift coefficients. Our results demonstrate that using latent vectors as VDRs can significantly deteriorate surrogate models’ predictions. Moreover, increasing the dimensionality of the VDRs in the embedding method may not necessarily improve the prediction, especially when the VDRs contain more information irrelevant to the engineering performance. Therefore, when selecting VDRs for surrogate modeling, the latent vectors obtained from training structure-aware DDGD models must be used with caution, although they are more accessible once training is complete. The underlying physics associated with the engineering performance should be paid attention. This paper provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of different types of VDRs of structure-aware DDGD for surrogate modeling, thus facilitating the construction of better surrogate models for AI-generated designs.
East Germany and the lost German East: Dresden–Wrocław ‘socialist friendship’ after Nazism and forced migration
Authors: Demshuk Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 1959, East German Dresden and western Polish Wrocław were twinned to promote cross-border contact between political leaders, worker delegations and cultural groups. Officially formed to promote worker solidarity among friendly East Bloc regimes, in practice the inter-relationship exposed a troubling history that was just below the surface. In the recent aftermath of Nazi defeat, the German population of Breslau (over 600,000 people) had fled or been expelled from a city which had long been German. At the same time that Breslau became Polish Wrocław, a significant number of old Breslauers settled in the East German province of Saxony, especially Dresden. This article uses archival and published sources to show how, under the umbrella of worker exchanges, field trips and official amity, the sister-city programme unintentionally became a venue for German exiles from Breslau to encounter Wrocławian delegations in Dresden and to return ‘home’ to discover Wrocław’s post-war Polish reality.
From post-war reconciliation to European integration? Competing historicities of ‘exchange’ in European small-town twinning
Authors: Langenohl Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTown twinning is often seen as a linear driving force of European integration. This article argues that town twinning’s historicity is more complex. The initial post-war period, according to today’s practitioners’ accounts, was characterized by a high degree of personal involvement which transformed into an exposure to relationship uncertainty. By way of contrast, twinning practices since the 1990s are reported as being driven by a more managerial logic. The shift from the imaginary of ‘reconciliation’ to that of ‘integration’ comes along with a change in twinning practices, the distribution of responsibilities and the share of personal involvement and exposure.
Navigating electricity dependencies in Cold War Berlin: an instructive history of urban infrastructure security
Authors: Moss Timothy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explores how political division manifested itself in the electricity systems of West and East Berlin and analyses the strategies of both throughout the 40 years of the Cold War. It reveals how the goal of full energy independence propagated by both West and East proved illusory for material, geopolitical, institutional, economic and environmental reasons. Apart from vestiges of past interdependence, pressures to collaborate gained impetus from the 1970s onwards. The Berlin experience, the article concludes, generates lessons for navigating socio-technical in-/interdependencies over electricity infrastructures in geopolitically contested contexts by highlighting the material politics of urban energy history.
Team gesucht
Authors: Böhmer Dietmar 
Published: September 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Die zwischenmenschlichen Dynamiken zwischen psychiatrisch Pflegenden in Teams sind zwar immer wieder im Fokus von Supervisionen. Die inhaltliche Aufarbeitung eines häufig auftauchenden Phänomens bleibt hinter der Relevanz deutlich zurück. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Artikel versteht sich als Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis für die Praxis. Neu ist der Ansatz, die dialektische Sicht von therapeutischen Interventionen durch Pflegende im Hinblick auf eine positive Selbstwirksamkeit sowohl bei Patient_innen als auch Pflegenden stärker als bisher zu betrachten und zu bewerten. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Mögliche Auswirkungen sind die Notwendigkeit, persönliche Kompetenzen der Pflegenden vor Aufnahme einer Tätigkeit zu prüfen (Assessment im Hinblick auf introspektives und reflexive Potenzial) und weiterhin Fachkompetenzen an der Schnittstelle therapeutische Interventionen auszubauen und zu fördern.
Increased Grain Crop Production Intensifies the Water Crisis in Northern China
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Zhang Yongqiang , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze , Tian Jing , Zhang Lu , McVicar Tim R. , Wang Enli , Xu Junzeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrowing crop production increases agricultural water consumption (AWC), but whether these two factors are matched in northern and southern China in the past two decades remains controversial. Here we used a remote sensing‐based water‐carbon coupling model combined with satellite observations to quantify the crop production, AWC, and water deficit changes in China over 2003–2018. We show that in northern China, crop production and AWC significantly (p < 0.05) increased, mainly due to planting area expansion, and the increasing rates were 2.6 and 6.2 times greater than those in southern China. The increasing irrigation demand in northern China greatly reduced the availability of stored terrestrial water and could not be met by the agricultural water supply in the next two decades. Our results show that the conflict between the limited agricultural water supply and the increasing irrigation demand cannot be resolved by the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project, and better management in water resources and crop production is needed to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Carbon Dioxide Released From Subducted Oceanic Crust by Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Wang Chao , Li Wei , Jin Zhenmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAqueous fluids are essential to extract slab‐trapped carbon at forearc to subarc depths and interpret the decarbonation efficiency of global subduction zones. A large amount of carbon survives beyond subarc depths. The behavior of such carbon, however, remains unclear owing to a lack of experimental studies. Here, we investigate the decarbonation behavior of carbonated oceanic crust containing different amounts of H2O at pressures from subarc depths to the top of the mantle transition zone. We find that calcium‐rich carbonatitic liquids can form at temperatures of ∼950–1,150°C at depths below ∼150–300 km, corresponding to warm/cold thermal regimes in most subduction zones. Therefore, hydrous carbonatitic liquids should be pervasive in subduction zones, while extensive dehydration reactions and fluid activities are critical for creating carbonatitic liquids and preventing most of the surviving carbon from being subducted into the deep Earth.
A New Model of Crystallization in Magmas: Impact of Pre‐Exponential Factor of Crystal Nucleation Rate on Cooling Rate Exponent and Log‐Linear Crystal Size Distribution
Authors: Toramaru Atsushi , Kichise Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe processes that control the crystallization of magmas, namely nucleation and growth, remain poorly constrained. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) has so far not provided a unified framework to explain crystal number density in laboratory experiments and the field. We use numerical experiments to study the influence of different cooling rates and CNT parameters on the crystal number density measured under constrained conditions in laboratory experiments. With varying the magnitude of pre‐exponential factor (J0) of nucleation rate, which represents the number of cluster as heterogeneous nucleation sites, we find that the cooling rate exponent (ξ) of the crystal number density varies from 3/2 to −1, depending on the magnitude of J0, cooling rate and surface tension. Using the regime maps of ξ as functions of J0 and surface tension, we can successfully interpret the diversity of cooling rate exponents reported by laboratory experiments in terms of J0 and surface tension. For extreme case of a negative cooling rate exponent ξ = −1, we propose a new crystallization model with constant rates of nucleation and crystallization, which reproduces a log‐linear crystal size distribution. In this condition, it is interesting that the crystal growth rate is inversely proportional to time, even if the diffusion‐limited growth is inversely proportional to the square root of time. For the case study of zoning profiles in microlites formed by decompression‐induced crystallization during the Shinmoedake 2011 subplinian eruptions, the comparison between theoretical predictions and natural volcanic products supports that our model is well applicable to magma ascent processes.
Clonal haematopoiesis - a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly
Authors: Belotserkovskaya Ekaterina , Golotin Vasily , Uyanik Burhan , Demidov Oleg N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProgress in the development of new sequencing techniques with wider accessibility and higher sensitivity of the protocol of deciphering genome particularities led to the discovery of a new phenomenon – clonal haematopoiesis. It is characterized by the presence in the bloodstream of elderly people a minor clonal population of cells with mutations in certain genes, but without any sign of disease related to the hematopoietic system. Here we will review this recent advancement in the field of clonal haematopoiesis and how it may affect the disease’s development in old age.