bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributive trials : a novel design to screen or evaluate multiple simultaneous interventions in clinical trials
Authors: Haviari Skerdi , Mentré France 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: In some medical indications, numerous interventions have a weak presumption of efficacy, but a good track record or presumption of safety. This makes it feasible to evaluate them simultaneously. Here we introduce a modified factorial trial design that randomly allocates a pre-specified number of interventions to each participant, and statistically tests each intervention. We compare it to factorial trials, parallel-arm trials and multiple head-to-head trials, and derive some good practices for its design and analysis.
Methods: We simulated various scenarios involving 4 to 20 candidate interventions among which 2 to 8 could be simultaneously allocated. A binary outcome was assumed. One or two interventions were assumed effective, with various interactions (positive, negative, none). Efficient combinatorics algorithms were created. Sample sizes and power were obtained by simulations in which the statistical test was either a difference in proportions or a logistic regression Wald test with or without interaction terms for adjustment, with a Bonferroni multiplicity-adjusted alpha risk in both cases. All code is provided without the need for compiling.
Results: Distributive trials reduce sample sizes 2- to 7-fold compared to parallel arm trials, and increase them 1- to 2-fold compared to factorial trials, mostly when fewer allocations than for the factorial design are possible. An unexpectedly effective intervention causes small decreases in power (<10%) if its effect is additive, but large decreases (possibly down to 0) if not, as for factorial designs. These large decreases are prevented by using interaction terms to adjust the analysis, but these additional estimands have a sample size cost and are better pre-specified. The issue can also be managed by adding a true control arm without any intervention.
Conclusion: Distributive randomization is a viable design for mass parallel evaluation of interventions in constrained trial populations. It should be introduced first in clinical settings where many undercharacterized interventions are potentially available, such as disease prevention strategies, digital behavioral interventions, dietary supplements for chronic conditions, or emerging diseases. Pre-trial simulations are recommended, for which tools are provided.
Characterization of the migratory pattern of Primordial Germ Cells in three neotropical fish species aiming genetic conservation actions
Authors: Rosero Jenyffer Mairely , Monzani Paulo Sérgio , Pessoa Giselle Pessanha , Coelho Geovanna Carla , Carvalho Gabriella Braga , López Lucia Suárez , Senhorini José Augusto , Santos Silvio Carlos Alves dos , Yasui George Shigueki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic pluripotent cells that can differentiate into spermatogonia and oogonia, making them a genetic source for germplasm conservation through cryobanking and the generation of germline chimeras. Therefore, PGC studies should be conducted for each species, given possible divergences in migratory patterns of PGCs. In this work, the PGCs of 3 neotropical species (Pseudopimelodus mangurus, Astyanax altiparanae, and Prochilodus lineatus) were characterized by microinjection into zygotes of mRNA synthesized from the ddx4 3'UTR sequence of P. mangurus. Visualization of labeled PGCs was achieved by fluorescence microscopy during embryonic development. In addition, ddx4 and dnd1 expressions were evaluated during embryonic development, larvae, and adult tissues of P. mangurus, to validate their use as a PGC marker. As a result, the effective identification of PGCs was obtained. DsRed-positive PGC of P. mangurus was observed in the hatching stage, GFP-positive PGC of A. altiparanae in the gastrula stage, and GFP-positive PGCs from P. lineatus were identified at the segmentation stage, with representative labeling percentages of 29% and 16% in A. altiparanae and P. lineatus respectively. The expression of ddx4 and dnd1 of P. mangurus confirmed the specificity of these genes in germ cells. These results point to the functionality of the P. mangurus ddx4 3'UTR sequence as a PGC marker, demonstrating that PGC labeling was more efficient in A. altiparanae and P. lineatus. The procedures used to identify PGCs in P. mangurus consolidate the first step for generating germinal chimeras as a conservation action of P. mangurus.
Surveilling the Rise and fall of Macro/Micro Minerals, Sugars, Total Acidity, Phenolics and Anthocyanins during Fruit Development Stages in Five Mulberry (Morus) Cultivars
Authors: Saeed Asma , Kauser Shabana , Hussain Adil , Nadeem Abad Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The versatility of Morus (Mulberry) fruit is growing among various suppliers and users globally. This study assessed the comparative variability in terms of total sugar, acidity, minerals, phenolic and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant dynamics of three black mulberry (M. serrata, M. nigra and M. macroura black) and two white mulberry cultivars (M. alba and M. macroura white) during various fruit development stages. Over all, M. alba (white cultivar) displayed maximum increase in sugar (0.10 to 1.35%) with maximum sugar recorded at fruit developmental stage 3 (FDS-3) followed by M. serrata (black cultivar) at FDS-5 (1.1%) and M. macroura white (white cultivar) at FDS-4 (0.9%). Decrease in acidity in M. alba from 0.8% at FDS-1 to 0.09% at FDS-4, M. nigra from 0.8% at FDS-1 to 0.03% at FDS-7 and M. macroura white from 0.6% at FDS-2 to 0.04% at FDS-4 were observed. TPC was maximum (590 GAE/100g) in M. nigra at FDS-6 and M. serrata (450 GAE/100g) at FDS-7 while white mulberry showed minimum TPC of < 200 GAE/100g during development stages. Two black cultivars (M. serrata and M. nigra) showed significant increase in total anthocyanin contents (14.57 to 100.06 and 14.13 to 201.87) from FDS-1 to FDS-7, whereas M. alba showed little increase (6.51 to 6.90). However, a decrease in anthocyanin contents (CGE/100 g FW) was observed in both M. macroura black and M. macroura white (17.07 to 11.79 and 9.03 to 2.68) from FDS-1 to FDS-7. The DPPH inhibition of black mulberry cultivars was pointedly greater with elevated levels of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Na, P and K as compared to the white cultivars during maturity. HPLC and MS procedures verified total six anthocyanins such as cyanidin, mono glucosides of malvidin, cyanidin rutinoside, delphinidin and pelargonidin in all mulberry cultivars that may be potential phyto-therapeutic agents for the prevention of diabetes and other metabolic syndromes. Conclusively, mulberry could be of great significance for people anticipated to take mulberry as adjuvant therapy against health related complications concerning reactive oxygen species and to overcome heavy metal toxicity.
A Study of Flare Emission in DV Psc using TESS
Authors: Lahiri Deblina , Gaddam Mamatha Rani , Kandulapati Sriram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report the detection of two superflares along with other eight relatively moderate flares in a close binary RS CVn system DV Psc using TESS data. The flare energies were found to be in the range 0.24-23.97 × 1034 erg with a duration of a few minutes to close to an hour. Most of the flares were not observed in the primary and secondary minima phases. The two superflares occurred at a phase of 0.1 and 0.55 and the stellar spot with a magnetic field B=500-2000 G can explain the energetics. Since the period of the binary is increasing, we estimated the energy due to mass transfer and noted that accretion energy may provide energy for the flares. Based on the sample of flaring late-type star data, we noted that flares in DV Psc possibly may arrive from either of the stellar components as the correlation between Log E vs Log R does agree well with theoretical relation (E∝ R3). Based on the values of the rotation period for both stellar components, we conclude that DV PSc displays low flaring frequency for a fast rotator. The loop lengths were estimated at 3.65-4.55 × 1010 cm for superflare events which were ～ three times less than the separation (1.40 × 1011 cm) but if both loops occur at a similar time, the loops may interact and can trigger the observed superflares. We conclude that a large stellar spot or interconnecting magnetic field of lines among binary companions may trigger the superflares.
Last Trimester Bleeding of Pregnancy
Authors: Alkhalili Amr Anas , Sakka Kanaan Al 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of placental abruption is a consequential obstetric complication that can have adverse effects on the maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of maternal age on the incidence of placental abruption.
Methods
A Retrospective Cohort Study, included pregnant women with placenta abruption admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of in Damascus between 2020 to 2021.
Results
The study enrolled 150 Syrian women with placental abruption, of which 17, 43, 59, and 31 were in the age groups of 20–25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years, and 36–40 years, respectively. The most prevalent symptom of premature placental abruption was vaginal bleeding, followed by abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, salvation bleeding, fetal dysfunction, and hematuria.
Conclusion
Apart from advanced maternal age, teenage pregnancy has been linked to placental abruption in the Syrian general population. With the mean maternal age undergoing a shift in recent times in Syria, it is essential for obstetric healthcare providers to offer accurate counseling to young women, incorporating the latest evidence.
SDR Implementation of Spectrum Sensing using Deep Learning
Authors: Sabrina Zeghdoud , Djamel Teguig , Camel Tanougast , Ammar Mesloub , Said Sadoudi , Okba Nesraoui 
Published: July 2023

Background & Objective:
Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a technology that offers a high
level of reconfigurability to address the issue of spectrum sparsity in wireless communication systems.
This technology is widely used in Cognitive radio (CR), and researchers aim to develop new spectrum
sensing methods that ensure a high signal detection performance and a low signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR). In this context, deep learning (DL) based models can be an appropriate solution for building
spectrum detection methods.

Methods:
This paper proposes a spectrum sensing architecture combining a convolutional neural network
and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM). This architecture takes advantage of the spatial
modelling of CNN and the temporal modelling of LSTM to produce more separable features for detection.
The paper aims to propose an SDR implementation of the CNN-LSTM model for real-time detection
by using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) board and GNU radio platform.

Results and Discussion:
Numerical Simulation results reveal that the proposed CNN-LSTM outperforms
the CNN, the LSTM, and the energy detector (ED) in terms of higher detection probability Pd
and lower false alarm probability Pfa, even at low SNR. The SDR implementation results show the robustness
of the CNN-LSTM method under several real-time detection scenarios: FM, GSM, and
OFDM.

Conclusion:
The CNN-LSTM model used for spectrum sensing provides a high detection performance
in a low SNR environment compared to LSTM, CNN, and the ED detector.
The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil on Oil Palm Plantations Smallholders in Kumai District, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Ambarita Holpu Ronal , Suryantini Any , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi 
Published: July 2023

Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil is one of responses of the Indonesian government’s responses to environmental issues, such as deforestation, and forest degradation. Central Kalimantan is a province in Borneo Island with the largest oil palm plantations, and it’s total area is about 1.6 million ha, of which smallholder's plantation are covering an area of 166,000 hectares. There are many constraints faced by smallholder plantations to implement ISPO certification. Because of that, it is important to study the level of application of the ISPO criteria and, the factors that influence the implementation of ISPO in Kumai District, Central Kalimantan. The study used non-probability sampling with a total of 100 respondents. This research used descriptive analysis and the Gutman scale to determine the application of ISPO criteria, multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence the application of ISPO. The results of the analysis showed that (1) On average, smallholders implement 80% of ISPO criteria, and (2) ISPO criteria implemented by smallholders were influenced by the length of farming experience, education level, and the number of household’s members.
Causes of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict and its Impact on Security in Europe
Authors: Bąk Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, the author presents issues related to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and its impact on security in Europe. The text outlines the causes of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the course of the war and the effects in the present day. The article describes the responses of the European Union and NATO to Russian aggression. In his conclusions, the author pays particular attention to the impact of this conflict on security in Europe..
On Collaboration of Local Actors With Security Force Assistance in Missions and Non-Article 5 Crisis Response Operations
Authors: Gojayev Elnur , Mahmudov Nuran , Atanasov Atanas , Dimitrov Miroslav , Gagamova Veselina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper examines aspects of the coordination and cooperation of local actors in Security Force Assistance (SFA) missions, and in particular in Non-Article 5 Crisis Response Operations (NA5CRO). The process of building relationships with local actors and coordinating efforts with them to achieve mission success is discussed as well. This process is based on the understanding that local actors have critical knowledge of the operational environment and can provide valuable insights that enhance mission effectiveness. The need to understand the operational environment and build effective relationships with local security forces as well as other stakeholders is also addressed. The article explains how coordination and cooperation with local actors are essential to achieving mission success and can improve the effectiveness of the SFA in their participation in crisis response operations. In summary, the paper emphasizes the critical importance of coordination and cooperation with local actors in SFA missions and into Humanitarian Assistance Operations that are part of NA5CRO. This approach can enhance the effectiveness of the mission, increase situational awareness, and reduce the risk of mission failure. It requires a commitment to building effective relationships with local security forces and other stakeholders, joint coordination among all actors involved in the mission, and cultural sensitivity and awareness in the event of a crisis.
The Use of a Simulated Environment to Optimize the Solution Identified Problems Specific to Modern Military Actions
Authors: Ispas Lucian , Vesa Claudiu , Căruțașu Vasile , Rusu Maria-Lucia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article presents the implementation and testing of a solution for perfecting the skills of operationalizing a tactical task and developing the ability to react under stressful conditions, individual and collective resilience based on virtual reality for military personnel. Also, a distributed network was configured and tested for increased flexibility and quick setup during multiplayer simulation. The distributed network comes to complement the networks used up to now, namely the local networks.
The Occupational Safety and Health Management in the National Defence System - Structural Architecture
Authors: Dregan Cătălin Valentin , Moraru Roland Iosif , Bābuț Gabriel Bujor , Burdea Monica Crinela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to describe the context and some theoretical approaches needed to analyze and justify the need to implement an occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) in the National Defense System (NDS). The specialized literature includes a very small number of articles and no concrete approaches regarding OSHM in the field of national defense can be identified. As a result, a brief analysis of the main aspects that can be the subject of much more in-depth studies regarding the specific issue in this field was considered appropriate. The first part of this article includes a description of the specific context of NDS, whose objectives are constantly adapted to the dynamics of economic, geo-political and security factors that are constantly changing. Next, the most eloquent theoretical approaches related to OSHMS and risk management that could be adapted to NDS are mentioned. The final part of this paper is intended to be a proposed structural architecture of OSHMS in NDS. The form proposed by the group of authors is based on a detailed analysis of the literature in the field of OSH corroborated with the experiences acquired throughout the academic and in the military field of the members of the drafting group.
Human Resource - Resource, Capital and Vector of Progress of Post-Modern Organisations
Authors: Rizescu Alexandru-Marius , Bucăța George 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In writing this article, we have attempted to focus on the study of the resources of postmodern organizations, particularly as they relate to human resource management and knowledge-based management. In post-modern organizations, human resources are considered not only a resource but also a capital and vector of progress. This means that human resources are not just a means to an end, but rather they are an asset that can be invested in and developed to enhance the organization's success and growth. The article addresses the unique challenges and opportunities of postmodern organizations characterized by rapidly changing technologies, increasing globalization, and changing social and cultural norms. One of the key points discussed in the article is the need for postmodern organizations to develop and implement effective human resource management strategies. This includes focusing on attracting and retaining top talent, providing opportunities for training and continuous development, and fostering a culture of innovation and creativity. The article also highlights the importance of knowledge-based management, which involves using technology and data to make strategic decisions and improve organizational performance. The article highlights the Army's efforts to modernize its human resource management, including initiatives to recruit and retain the best talent, provide opportunities for training and continuous development, and foster a culture of innovation and creativity.
Tracking Economic Growth: A Correlation Analyse on the Determinants of Gross Domestic Product
Authors: Bătuşaru Cristina Maria , Baboş Alina , Pîrvuţ Valentin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most important measure of economic activity in a country. It represents the total value of all goods and services produced in a particular country in a given period. GDP can be calculated using three methods, namely, the production approach, the income approach, and the expenditure approach. In this paper, we will focus on the Expenditure Method. The Expenditure Method of calculating GDP involves adding up the total value of all final goods and services purchased by the four groups of spending agents: households, firms, government, and foreign buyers. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the components of GDP using the Expenditure Method influence GDP. Specifically, we will explore the relationship between each component of GDP and GDP as a whole, considering also the impact that inflation has on the real growth of the economic activity, and which is the real trend of this macroeconomic result indicator.
International Corporate Governance: Post-Covid-19 Prospects for “The 21st Century Revolution” and “The Global Compromise”
Authors: Naydenov Nikolay Trifonov 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper speculates on possible post-COVID developments in two prospects for evolution of international corporate governance. The first, labelled “the 21st century revolution in ownership” would acknowledge the supremacy of a successful national model of corporate governance based on an emerging allegedly new type of ownership, which might be introduced worldwide. The second option, named “the global compromise” implies combining “good practice” elements from different national models into a commonly accepted global model. The economic impact of the recent crisis might accelerate trends that were present already in the pre-COVID-19 period. Rapid digitalization of society would help increase transparency in corporate governance and contribute to higher shareholder participation. The need for resilience would encourage corporate governance reforms leading to convergence to a more stakeholder-oriented model. However, differences among national models are likely to persist, so neither of the two options will be fully realized in the immediate aftermath of the crisis.
Juridical Approach to Defense Planning from the Perspective of the Relations Between State Executive Authorities
Authors: Stoian Alexandru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The existence of the national defense system is supported by the structural elements of the state, which from the perspective of ensuring the public defense service of the state are given distinct properties and attributions, whose configuration is the result of the action of a set of factors, both internal and external nature. In the contemporary paradigm, in which national defense is carried out interdependently with collective defense, the state’s participation in alliance systems and forms of international cooperation determine substantial transformations in the field of defense, including in the field of defense planning. Defense planning, as regulated by Law no. 203/2015 involves carrying out a set of activities and measures aimed at protecting and promoting national interests, as well as achieving the state’s national security objectives, under the direct coordination of representative public authorities that mediate at the central level the exercise of the will of the people in order to achieve democratic control defense civilian. From an executive perspective, the defense planning process does not only involve a simple exercise of the legal powers assigned to the authorities of the central public administration, but is a consequence of how to ensure balance in the interrelationship between these authorities.