bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new definition of generalization of the factorial function with new results about the gamma of negative integers
Authors: Hussein Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The gamma function is a mathematical function that generalizes the concept of factorial to real and complex numbers. While the gamma function is a powerful tool in mathematics, it does have certain limitations and potential issues for example,
· Non-integer values: The gamma function is not defined for negative integers, this limitation can be problematic in certain contexts where negative integer values are involved.
· Pole at zero: The gamma function has a pole at zero, which means it is undefined at this point. This can pose challenges when working with functions or equations that involve the gamma function near or at zero.
· Computational complexity: Computing the gamma function numerically can be computationally expensive and time-consuming, especially for large or complex arguments.
In this study, we have addressed the aforementioned issues by proposing a new definition for generalizing the factorial function, which serves as an alternative definition of the gamma function. This new definition is formulated based on the utilization of the differential operator. The resulting definition stands out for its simplicity and effectiveness in computing real numbers, including non-positive integers. Moreover, our research has yielded fresh insights into the gamma function's behavior with respect to non-positive integers, potentially leading to a transformative approach in employing fractional differential and integral equations to describe a wide range of cosmic phenomena.
Exchange Transfusion combined with Artesunate (ET-AS) as a safe and effective Therapy in Severe P. falciparum Malaria: A retrospective case series
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Chen Lulu , Zhang Min , Yao Mingkang , Ren Saisai , Liu Haihui , Min Yanan , Jia Yan , Tao Yanling , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background. The mortality associated with severe P. falciparum malaria remains high despite improvements in malaria management. This study aims to observe the efficacy and safety of the ET-AS regimen in severe P. falciparum malaria.
Methods. Eight patients diagnosed with severe P. falciparum malaria were enrolled. All patients underwent ET using the COBE Spectra system. The aimed for a post-exchange hematocrit of 30%. Half the estimated blood volume was removed and replaced using fresh frozen plasma.
Results. The regimen was well-tolerated without complications. The median parasite clearance time was 2.5 days. Five patients with cerebral malaria exhibited improved consciousness within 3 days. There was observed improvement in a patient presenting with hemolysis on Day 2. The median time of improved liver and renal function was 1.5 days and 10 days. The median length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital treatments was 3 days and 6 days.
Conclusions. ET-AS improved the clinical picture and reduce the duration of hospitalization and ICU stays. These preliminary clinical data are valuable to practitioners and provide a basis for a randomized controlled trial of this therapy.
A UNET++ and CoGAN-based method to remove face masks from the masked faces
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Gupta Divyam , Kaushal Manisha , Sharma Akashdeep 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Image-to-image translation emerges as a significant utility of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CoGANs). This research introduces a fresh application of conditional GANs, aiming to uncover hidden facial attributes. Our methodology involves enhancing the Pix2Pix GAN framework through the integration of a modified UNET + + architecture, which serves as an inventive generator model. In this setup, the Pix2Pix model employs a PatchGAN architecture within the discriminator, producing an activation map with values utilized to authenticate depicted faces. Through the incorporation of the UNET + + architecture into the generator, we effectively narrow down the semantic gap between the encoder and decoder feature maps. This strategic adjustment results in a noticeable enhancement in gradient flow. To gauge the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conducted experiments on a bespoke dataset intentionally crafted for training paired image-to-image translation GANs. Our model is comprehensively compared against other leading models designed for revealing concealed facial features. Significantly, our proposed model convincingly surpasses these alternatives across a range of evaluation criteria.
A systematic approach to select a suitable climate metric for aviation policy and aircraft design
Authors: Megill Liam , Deck Kathrin , Grewe Volker 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A growing body of research has highlighted the major contribution of aviation non-CO2 emissions to anthropogenic climate change. Regulation of these emissions, for example in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), requires the use of a climate metric. However, choosing a suitable climate metric is challenging due to the high uncertainties of aviation non-CO2 climate impacts, their variability in atmospheric lifetimes and their dependence on emission location and altitude. In this study, we explore the neutrality, temporal stability, compatibility and transparency of existing, physical climate metrics and find the Average Temperature Response (ATR) to be most suitable for aviation policy and aircraft design. We show that the similarities of the total CO2-eq emissions calculated by the ATR and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for current aircraft would enable a timely introduction of the ATR in aviation policy, allowing for a more accurate assessment of novel aviation fuels and aircraft designs.
Right upper lobectomy under uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer in a patient with a right-sided aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Goto Hidenori , Nakanishi Kozo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: A right-sided aortic arch is a rare congenital vascular structure variation. Right lobectomy is not commonly performed on patients with such a condition. Further, there are no reports on lobectomy under uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in this patient group.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old man with a right-sided aortic arch and Kommerell diverticulum underwent right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection under uniportal VATS for primary lung cancer. Due to the right descending aorta, which narrows the space of the dorsal hilum, handling of autosuture devices for stapling the right upper lobe bronchus from the uniport in the 6th intercostal space at the medial axillary line can be challenging. This issue was resolved by manipulating the staple over the azygos vein toward the inferior margin of the aortic arch. Intraoperative findings revealed vessels anastomosing the main pulmonary artery and V1+2+3. Via mediastinal lymphadenectomy, we found that the right recurrent laryngeal nerve branched from the right vagus nerve and hooked around the right-sided aortic arch.
Conclusions: Right lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection under uniportal VATS can be performed for lung cancer in patients with a right-sided aortic arch.
SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage study sample: 21% shows a synonymous base substitution in the S gene arginine codons CGG–CGG encoding the S protein furin cleavage site
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The furin recognition motif present at the SARS‐CoV2 spike glycoprotein S1/S2 junction has no analogy in other beta‐coronaviruses, including neither the new discovery ofbat coronaviruses in Southeast Asia very similar to SARS-CoV-2: BANAL52 fromLaos and Rp22DB159 from Vietnam, which are the closest known relatives of SARS-CoV-2. They can therefore infect human cells, despite the absence of the polybasic furin cleavage motif. The key evolutionary step leading to the pandemic virus was the acquisition in a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 the S gene insert encoding the polybasic furin cleavage site that created a novel RRAR furin cleavage site introduces two arginine codons CGG–CGG, whose usage is extremely rare in coronaviruses. Ahypothesis for the probable human origin of that S gene insertincludes that it has been acquired by recombination between the genome of a progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 and human mRNA transcripts within human infected cells. The hypothesis is supported by the arginine codon usage bias in the furin arginine pair. Here I show that SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage isolates (up to September 12, 2023)75 out of 354 (21.19 %) showed a synonymous base substitution in the second arginine codon of the spike glycoprotein furin polybasic motif arginine pair. The CGG-CGG code has mutated to CGG-CGT. The earliest date of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage identification is February 21, 2023. The geographic regions of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16.20 lineage isolates reaches all over the world: Africa 5.62%, Asia 62.84%, Europe 3.91%, North America 20.05%, Oceania 6.60% and South America 0.98%. Interestingly, the XBB.1.16.20 isolates showing the CGG-CGGT synonimous base substitution are also distributed all over the world. Results suggest that the extremely rare CGG-CGG arginine codons drive SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the direction of adapting it to the normal virusarginine codon usage.
The Safety of Glucosodiene on an In-Vitro Biopsy Cell Line Model
Authors: Maher  , Amr  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This manuscript explores the safety and potential efficacy of glucosodiene, an isomeric alkaline glucose compound, as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The study focuses on conducting safety tests using BJ1 cells (Normal Skin Fibroblasts) and evaluates the cytotoxic effects of glucosodiene on these cells. The results indicate that glucosodiene, at a concentration of 100 ppm, does not exhibit toxicity or impair normal cellular functions. These findings suggest that the compound may selectively target tumor cells without affecting healthy cells. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and confirm its efficacy.
Iron is critical for mucosal-associated invariant T cell metabolism and effector functions
Authors: Ryan Eimear , Clutter Christy , DeBarra Conor , Jenkins Benjamin J. , O'Shaughnessy Simon , Ryan Odhran , McKenna Chloe , Heneghan Helen , Walsh Fiona , Finlay David K. , Sinclair Linda V. , Jones Nicholas , Leung Daniel T. , O'Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells which play a critical role in host protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Upon activation, MAIT cells can rapidly respond via both T cell receptor depedendant and independent mechanisms, resulting in robust cytokine production. The metabolic and nutritional requirements for optimal MAIT cell effector responses are still emerging. Iron is an important micronutrient, and is essential for cellular fitness, in particular cellular metabolism. Iron is also critical for many pathogenic microbes, including those which activate MAIT cells. However, iron has not been investigated with respect to MAIT cell metabolic or functional responses. In this study we show that MAIT cells require exogenous iron, transported via CD71 for optimal metabolic activity in MAIT cells, including their production of ATP. We demonstrate that restricting iron availability by either chelating environmental iron or blocking CD71 on MAIT cells results in impaired cytokine production and proliferation. These data collectively highlight the importance of a CD71-iron axis for MAIT cell metabolism and functionality, an axis which may have implications in conditions where iron availability is limited.
Varus and steep medial posterior tibial slope are risk factors for degenerative medial meniscus lesions
Authors: Fu Hongjun , Xu Tao , Xu Liuhai , Li Xinzhi , Zhou You 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Degenerative medial meniscus lesions (DMMLs) is different from other meniscus injuries, which have a high incidence and easy to miss diagnosis in the middle-aged and elderly. The present study was designed to identify the risk factors for DMMLs among an Asian sample.
METHODS: The experimental group included 121 patients（ones partly confirmed during arthroscopic surgery) with DMMLs and the control group included 51 patients with no pathological changes identified by using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from January 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. By full-length anteroposterior radiographs of lower limbs in weight-bearing position of the two groups, the Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle in the coronal plane and the Medial Posterior Tibial Slope (MPTS) in the sagittal plane were measured by the MRI T1 sequence of the knee. The potential risk factors of DMMLs were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The independent variables included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), occupational kneeling, Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, HKA, and MPTS.
RESULTS: T-test analysis between the Experimental Group and the Control Group showed statistically significant differences in age (t=10.718, p<0.001), BMI (t=7.300, p<0.001), HKA (t=8.677, p<0.001), and MPTS (t=5.025, p<0.001). Chi-square test analysis between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences in gender (t=0.183, p=0.669) and occupational kneeling (t=0.339, p=0.560). Non-parametric analysis showed statistically significant differences in K-L (z=5.857, p<0.001) between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, HKA, and MPTS were risk factors for DMMLs among the above-mentioned variables with statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: Varus, steep MPTS, advancing age and obesity were risk factors for DMMLs.
Wettbewerbsrechtliche Grenzen kantonaler Spitalsubventionen für gemein-wirtschaftliche Leistungen
Authors: Rütsche Bernhard 
Published: September 2023

Um das wirtschaftliche Überleben ihrer Spitäler zu sichern, gewähren die Kantone unter dem Titel «gemeinwirtschaftliche Leistungen (GWL)» in grossem Umfang Subventionen ausserhalb der obligatorischen Krankenpflegeversicherung. Solche Spitalsubventionen sind dann problematisch, wenn sie nicht allen öffentlichen und privaten Spitälern mit Versorgungsaufträgen in vergleichbarer Weise offenstehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt danach, inwiefern kantonalen Spitalsubventionen durch rechtsstaatliche Gebote und wettbewerbsrechtliche Vorgaben, insbesondere den Grundsatz der Wettbewerbsneutralität, Grenzen gesetzt sind.
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Afin d'assurer la survie économique de leurs hôpitaux, les cantons allouent à grande échelle des subventions nommées « prestations d'intérêt général (PIG) ». Versées en dehors de l'assurance obligatoire des soins, de telles subventions s'avèrent problématiques lorsqu'elles ne sont pas octroyées de manière comparable à tous les hôpitaux, publics ou privés, assumant des mandats de soins. Le présent article examine dans quelles mesures les subventions hospitalières canton­ ales sont limitées par les impératifs de l'État de droit et les prescriptions du droit de la concurrence, en particulier par le principe de la neutralité concurrentielle.
Developing a real-time self-organizing algorithm for irrigation planning of rapeseed cultivation
Authors: Dai Yunzhong , Chen Kuan-yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sustainable planning of water allocation in the agricultural sector requires attention to soil, plant, climate and their limitations. This study was conducted in order to develop a real-time framework for simulating soil–water balance in the root zone, crop growth curve and irrigation planning of rapeseed cultivation in Henan Province, China during a cropping season from March to October 2022. Simulation of production functions with field information calibration at daily time step was developed to accurately estimate the simulation of crop growth and soil water balance. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is incorporated as an efficient tool to evaluate the water productivity as objective function in a self-organizing framework. Choosing the appropriate planting date for rapeseed cultivation at the beginning of the growing season was evaluated to increase the use of precipitation for canopy cover growth and thus reduce irrigation water consumption. The results showed that the proposed model increased water productivity by 23% as the objective function, and evaporation from the soil surface decreased by 16%. The maximum difference between the irrigation depth in the optimal and existing strategies was 41 mm in the germination stages until the seed-filling stage, which caused a decrease in final biomass and plant transpiration.
Facile fabrication of organic superhydrophobic corn silk-derived cellulose acetate nanofiber for the effective sequestration of oil from oil–water mixture
Authors: R Sivashankar , K Anand Kishore 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOil spills and subsequent cleanup by oil–water separation remain a global concern. For the first time, corn silk-derived cellulose acetate (CSCA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofiber are reported to create a superhydrophobic oil–water sequestration membrane. CA : PAN solutions with various PAN concentrations were evaluated for viscosity and conductivity. A CSCA nanofiber membrane was fabricated through electrospinning, which was superhydrophobic and oleophilic in water. Scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze the membrane's morphological features. CSCA nanofibers formed a highly spherical bead with a maximum contact angle of 156° (&gt;120°) in pure water solutions, demonstrating their superhydrophobicity. This study found that membranes can remove oil from oil–water mixtures and emulsions, as gravity is the only force required for propelling the system. Mineral oil had the highest oil sorption capability (908%), while toluene had the lowest (664%). For mineral oil–water mixtures, the CSCA membrane has the greatest separation flux at a maximum of 442 L/m2/h and the best separation efficiency at up to 99.67%. These findings provide strong support for using an as-prepared CSCA nanofiber membrane as a viable reusable oil sorbent in oil spill cleaning.
Recent Advances in the Light-assisted Synthesis of Ring Junction Nitrogen
Heterocycles
Authors: Kumar Periasamy Vinoth , Aravindraj Kumar , Madhumitha Gunabalan , Roopan Selvaraj Mohana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Nitrogen ring junction heterocycles play a crucial role in synthetic organic chemistry
due to their remarkable activity. The fused nitrogen ring junction compounds are abundant in
nature; they have excellent biological activity and are used against various health issues. To
make selective nitrogen ring junction products from the nitrogen ring junction heterocycles, expensive
chemicals and catalysts, like expensive transition metal complexes and metal composites,
are required. To neglect the drawbacks of conventional synthesis methods like long reaction
times, by-product formation, lower selectivity, and low yields, an alternative of nonconventional
light-mediated techniques can be opted for. The light source uses a radical mechanism
that reduces by-product formation, provides a regio-selective product, increases yield, decreases
reaction time, is cost-effective, and does not require special catalysts or chemicals. There are a variety of
light sources, viz., UV, visible, IR, laser, and X-ray. The UV, visible light, white, green, and blue LED light sources
are widely used in the photochemical method. This review emphasizes the light-mediated synthesis of nitrogen-ring
junction heterocyclic compounds.
Clinical Analysis of Bacterial Infection Characteristics in Lymphoma
Patients with High-dose Chemotherapy Combined with Autologous Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Transplantation-A Single-Centered Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Dan-Hui , Mei Di , Yao Xiao-Qin , Rong Yi-Hui , Wang Gui-Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Background:
High-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HDT/AHSCT) is used to treat lymphoma. Although AHSCT has made considerable
strides and become safer, HDT-AHSCT infection continues to be a leading cause of morbidity
and mortality associated with transplantation.

Objective:
To characterise pathogenic bacterial infections in HDT/AHSCT-treated lymphoma patients.
The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms and the timing of foci after transplantation,
along with bloodstream infection (BSI) risk factors, can help determine the need for empirical antibiotics
after AHSCT.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 133 lymphoma patients treated by HDT/AHSCT from April
2017 to October 2021 at Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China. We analyzed their
clinical characteristics, microbiological distribution characteristics, and BSI risk factors in detail.

Results:
In order, intestinal infection (56 cases), BSI (17 cases), pulmonary (12 cases), upper respiratory
tract (5 cases), and perianal (4 cases) were the most common locations of infection after
HDT/AHSCT. The infection sites yielded 92 putative pathogenic pathogens, with bacteria predominating
(61.96%), fungi (28.26%), viruses (5.43%), and mycoplasma (4.35%). Gram-negative bacteria
(GNB) strains outnumbered gram-positive bacteria (GPB) strains (73.68%). Two strains of Escherichia
coli produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and one strain of carbapenem-resistant
enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) had one strain.
BSI was caused by Escherichia coli (82.35%), Intestinal mucositis (23.52%), and catheter-associated
infections (11.76%). Age, CD34, pretreatment regimen, antibiotic regimen, and past chemotherapeutic
agent lung damage were BSI risk variables in univariate analysis. CD34 and past chemotherapeutic
drug lung damage were the primary causes of BSI after HDT/AHSCT for lymphoma.

Conclusion:
High-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
(HDT/AHSCT) is used to treat lymphoma. Although AHSCT has made considerable
strides and become safer, HDT-AHSCT infection continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality associated with transplantation.
ARL15 and its Multiple Disease Association: Emerging Functions and
Potential Therapeutic Application
Authors: Saini Manisha , Anand Varnita , Sharma Aditya , Pandey Anuj , Thelma Bittianda Kuttapa , Kundu Suman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
ARL15 is a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is associated with several
metabolic traits, including increased risk of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and lipid metabolism
disorders. The ARL15 gene encodes for an uncharacterized small GTP binding protein. Its precise
role in human physiology remains unknown, but several genetic association studies have recognized
different variants in this gene to be statistically associated with numerous traits and complex diseases.
Here, we provided the unique features of ARL15 small G protein, its association with varied metabolic
and lifestyle diseases, its function in vesicular and lipid trafficking, and its binding partners. We
outlined this protein as a promising and emerging therapeutic target to combat metabolic disorders
like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The review provides a comprehensive
description of the current advancements in ARL15 research with a perspective that focused research
will position this small GTPase as a viable target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.