bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-frequency S and S-coda waves at ocean-bottom seismometers
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Emoto Kentaro , Yamaya Lina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo clarify the characteristics of high-frequency (> 1 Hz) S and S-coda waves at ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs), we analyzed seismograms observed at permanent OBSs and inland broadband seismometers around the Kii Peninsula in southwest Japan along the Nankai Trough. The coda amplitudes (both horizontal and vertical) at the OBSs were much larger than those at the inland rock-site stations. Because coda amplitudes relative to those at inland rock-site stations have been used as site-amplification factors, large site amplifications for both components can be expected due to the presence of thick oceanic sediments just below the OBSs; however, the observed maximum S-wave amplitudes in the vertical component exhibited similar attenuation trends against epicentral distances at both OBS and inland stations. To clarify the causes of this discrepancy, we conducted numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation using various three-dimensional seismic velocity structure models. The results demonstrated that coda waves at OBSs mostly comprise multiple scattered waves within a thick (> 2 km) sedimentary layer; consequently, coda amplitudes at OBSs become much larger than those at inland rock-site stations. Our numerical simulations also confirmed the generation of large coda amplitudes at regions with seawater depths ≥ 4 km, where no OBS was deployed. However, the thick sedimentary layer and seawater have limited effects on maximum S-wave amplitudes at the OBSs. Given that the effects of a thick sedimentary layer and seawater on S and S-coda waves differ, we concluded that the coda-normalization technique for site-amplification correction against a rock-site station could not be applied if stations are located within regions above the thick sedimentary layer or deeper sea depths. The site amplifications at the OBSs were corrected according to the horizontal-to-vertical ratios at each OBS; we adjusted the simulated horizontal envelopes at the OBSs using these ratios of the observed S-coda waves. As well as inland seismometers, the site-corrected simulation results practically reproduced the observed high-frequency envelopes at OBSs.
Graphical Abstract
Biocontrol of Fusarium equiseti using chitosan nanoparticles combined with Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Penicillium polonicum
Authors: El-Morsy EL-Sayed M. , Elmalahy Yomna S. , Mousa Mohamed M. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA safe and ecofriendly biocontrol of pathogenic Fusarium equiseti was developed based on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) combined with Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Penicillium polonicum. Two strains of F. equiseti which were isolated from wilting tomato plant as well as three antagonistic fungi including Trichoderma longibrachiatum and two strains of Penicillium polonicum were isolated from the surrounding soil. All the isolated pathogenic and antagonistic fungi were identified using genomic DNA sequences. The antifungal activity of the three antagonistic fungi were studied against the two strains of F. equiseti. Also, CNPs which were prepared according to the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate anions in acetic acid solution were used to enhance the antifungal activity of the three antagonistic fungi. The results exhibit that, combination of T. longibrachiatum with CNPs and P. polonicum with CNPs achieve high antifungal activity against F. equiseti by an inhibition rate equal to 71.05% and 66.7%, respectively.
Method shifting from long to short term contraceptives and its associated factors among reproductive age women, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Niguse , Yenit Melaku Kindie , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Even if long term contraceptives are more effective, efficient and tolerable choices, method shifting from long to short term contraceptives continued as a global challenge including Ethiopia. There is limited evidence on the proportion and factors associated with method shifting from long term to short term contraceptives in the country, specifically in the study area. Therefore, this study assessed the proportion and associated factors of method shifting from long term to short term contraceptives in Gondar city administration, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2018 among reproductive age women who were long term contraceptive users. A total of 407 women of reproductive age were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered through Epi Info version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate factors associated with method shifting. Adjusted Odds Ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to show the presence and strength of association. Variables with P-value of < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered to have statistically significant association with method shifting.

Results
The overall proportion of method shifting from long to short term contraceptives was 48.5% [CI: 43.8, 53.3]. Having secondary level educational status [AOR = 0.18, CI = 0.07, 0.51], using long acting contraceptives for limiting purposes [AOR = 0.26, CI = 0.11, 0.60], and having enough counseling on long acting contraceptives during ANC visits [AOR = 0.20, CI = 0.08, 0.50] were factors negatively associated with method shifting, while receiving information about long acting contraceptives from colleague [AOR = 6.67, CI = 1.89, 23.52] was positively associated with method shifting.

Conclusion
The proportion of method shifting from long to short term contraceptives was 48.5%. Women’s educational level, source of information, the aim behind using long acting contraceptives, and counseling adequacy were the main factors associated with method shifting. Therefore, health care providers better consider women’s educational level, provision of accurate information and adequate counseling are crucial in the provision of long acting contraceptive methods.
Survey of food offered to United Kingdom haemodialysis patients attending for dialysis sessions in main dialysis centres and satellite units and international comparison
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Haemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk of frailty, sarcopenia and protein energy wasting, all associated with increased mortality. Most of the dialysis day is taken up with travelling to and from dialysis centres and dialysis treatment. The International Society of Nutrition and Metabolism (ISNM) recommend that meals or supplements should be part of standard clinical practice when patients attending for dialysis.

Results
We surveyed adult UK centres to determine the provision of food to dialysis patients in the United Kingdom (UK). A hot meal was provided by six (8.7%) of the 69 UK adult units, although 16 (23.2%) main centres would potentially provide meals to a restricted number of malnourished patients. Forty-seven (68.1%) centres provided sandwiches, although this was restricted in eight main centres, and 26.2% of units did not provide sandwiches to patients in their satellite dialysis centres. Biscuits were the only nutrition routinely offered in 15 (21.7%) of the main dialysis units, 41.3% of satellite units. Meals were more likely to be offered in Northern Ireland and Scotland compared to England, and 38% of the main dialysis units in England, and 58% of their satellite centres did not routinely offer patients a sandwich compared to none or one centre in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Conclusions
Despite an increasing older, more frail dialysis population in the UK, food provision for dialysis patients has reduced, particularly in England, with < 10% of centres routinely offering hot food, and > 50% of dialysis units now only offering biscuits to their satellite dialysis patients.
Sub-lethal effects of indigenous isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus on fall armyworm growth and reproduction in India
Authors: Onkarappa Dhanyakumar , Pandi Ram Kumar , Gopal Ashwitha , Thiruvengadam Venkatesan , Muthugounder Mohan , Nayyar Nishtha , Gopalsamy Sivakumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBaculoviruses are specific pathogens which can lethally infect several lepidopteran pests. However, the sub-lethal effects of baculoviruses are also highly debilitating for the host. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the sub-lethal effects of an indigenous strain ofSpodoptera frugiperdanucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV) infecting fall armyworm in India.ResultsAs a result of larval infection, the larval developmental time was significantly prolonged as compared to the untreated insects. The percentage of pupal mortality ranged from 40.74 to 72.73 at varying doses of SpfrNPV and recorded low pupal weight in all the treatments than control. The fertility and fecundity of infected adult moths was significantly reduced when compared to the untreated insects in a concentration dependent fashion. Sub-lethal effects of baculoviral infection on different biological parameters were studied. Mean developmental period of infected 3rd and 4th larval instars was significantly higher (F = 2.945;F = 18.414;df = 5, 20;P < 0.05) in SpfrNPV infected larvae than the control at all tested viral concentrations. The percentage of pupal mortality ranged from 40.74 to 72.73 in the lowest and highest concentrations of SpfrNPV, respectively. Developmental period of male pupae was found to be significantly longer in infected groups than the uninfected ones. The infected adults had significantly reduced longevity in both males ranged from 3.5 to 5.75 (F = 6.273;P = 0.002) and females ranged from 3.5 to7.00 (F = 13.652;P = 0.001). Further, the mates of virus-treated adults showed a highly reduced egg production (F = 31.255;P < 0.05) ranged from 150.03 to 338.33 and the larval emerging ranged from 71.11 to 227.89 (F = 74.52;P < 0.05), which was again significantly lower than the control. The percentage of egg hatching ranged from 47.40 to 86.41%.ConclusionsThe sub-lethal effect of SpfrNPV has observed on the growth and development and also reduced percentage of egg hatching in the subsequent generation. Hence, this indigenous SpfrNPV strain can be used in the sustainable and resilience IPM program. Further studies under open field conditions are still needed.
A review article on neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory role of vitamin-D3 in elderly COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tripathi Amit Kumar , Mishra Sunil Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVitamin D3 is a secosteroid, broad-spectrum immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory hormone produced either by the internal subcutaneous pathway in the presence of ultraviolet B (UVB) rays or by the external pathway in the form of supplements. Vitamin D3 deficiency is a common and reversible contributor to mortality and morbidity among critically ill patients, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral infections. The major functions of vitamin D3 are inhibiting the proinflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (ILs-6), interleukin-18 (ILs-18), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), preventing the loss of neural sensation in COVID-19, maintaining respiratory homeostasis, and acting as an antiviral, antimalarial, and antihypertensive agent. Vitamin D3 has an important role in reversing the COVID-19 infection in patients who have previously suffered from a neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, stroke, cardiovascular problems, headache, sleep-associated disorder, and others. Moreover, vitamin D3 plays a key role in regulating the gene expression of different pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition to the information provided above, the current review article provides the most recent information on Vitamin D against COVID-19 with comorbid neurological disorders. Furthermore, we present the most recent advancement and molecular mechanism of action of vitamin D3. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders are comorbid conditions, and vitamin D3 is a critical regulator of COVID-19 infection during these conditions. In the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic, factors such as sex, latitudes, nutrition, demography, pollution, and gut microbiota warrants for additional research on vitamin D supplements.
Acute aortic dissection with an aberrant right subclavian artery resulting in rapid false lumen enlargement: a case report
Authors: Kasahara Hirofumi , Shin Hankei , Inoue Yoshito 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
An aberrant right subclavian artery complicated by acute aortic dissection has been reported. Aneurysmal degeneration in the descending aorta adjacent to the Kommerell diverticulum in older patients has also been reported. There are concerns regarding the anatomic and pathological aspects of an aberrant right subclavian artery accompanying the Kommerell diverticulum with respect the surgical strategy for acute aortic dissection.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 79-year-old man with an aberrant right subclavian artery who developed acute aortic dissection (DeBakey IIIa) and rapid enlargement of the false lumen with deteriorating dysphagia and back pain. Total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique was performed. The aberrant right subclavian artery was closed using a stent graft proximally and was ligated distally at the right side of the posterior mediastinum. To prevent injury to the esophagus, the aberrant right subclavian artery was identified by lifting the right side of the thoracic wall using a thoracotomy device for internal thoracic artery harvest to expose the dorsal circumference of the superior vena cava. Additionally, the right subclavian artery was reconstructed using an extra-anatomical bypass.

Conclusions
This surgical strategy could be useful in patients with an aberrant right subclavian artery and the Kommerell diverticulum who require total arch replacement.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Angiography Versus Catheter Angiography for Annual Follow-up of Pediatric Moyamoya Patients: A Cost Outcomes Analysis
Authors: Northam Weston T. , Slingerland Anna L. , Orbach Darren B. , Smith Edward R. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) assesses revascularization in pediatric moyamoya patients after surgery, but MRI and angiography (MRI/A) may provide comparable data.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate DSA and MRI/A with respect to clinical utility in postoperative follow-up, complication profile, and relative cost at 1 year.

METHODS:
All pediatric moyamoya patients who received bilateral indirect revascularization between 2011 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed at 1 institution. Patients who underwent MRI/A-only, DSA-only, or both after 1 year were compared.

RESULTS:
Eighty-two patients were included. At 1 year, patients who underwent either MRI/A (n = 29) or DSA (n = 40) had no significant differences in detection rate of new at-risk hypovascular territories (6.9% vs 2.5%, P = .568) or need for subsequent revascularization beyond the mean 40 ± 24-month follow-up period (3.4% vs 5.0%, P > .9). Among patients who underwent both MRI/A and DSA (n = 13), both studies identified the same at-risk territories. No patients experienced MRI/A-related complications, compared with 3 minor DSA-related complications. The use of MRI/A yielded a 6.5-fold reduction in cost per study vs DSA at 1 year.

CONCLUSION:
Using DSA to follow moyamoya patients after indirect revascularization is generally safe but associated with a low rate of minor complications and a 6.5-fold greater financial cost relative to MRI/A. These data support changing practice to eliminate the use of DSA when following routine bilateral moyamoya cases in the absence of clinical symptoms or specific concerns. Using MRI/A as the primary postoperative follow-up modality in this select population provides noninferior care and greater patient access, while reducing cost and potentially decreasing risk.
Endoscopic Approaches to the Paramedian Skull Base: An Anatomic Comparison of Contralateral Endonasal and Transmaxillary Strategies
Authors: Yanez-Siller Juan C. , Noiphithak Raywat , Porto Edoardo , Beer-Furlan Andre L. , Revuelta Barbero Juan M. , Martinez-Perez Rafael , Howe Edmund , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
The expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is limited laterally by the internal carotid artery (ICA). The EEA to the paramedian skull base often requires complex maneuvers such as dissection of the Eustachian tube (ET) and foramen lacerum (FL), and ICA manipulation. An endoscopic contralateral transmaxillary approach (CTMA) has the potential to provide adequate exposure of the paramedian skull base while bypassing manipulation of the aforementioned anatomic structures.

OBJECTIVE:
To quantify and compare the surgical nuances of a CTMA and a contralateral EEA when approaching the paramedian skull base in cadaveric specimens.

METHODS:
Five adult cadaveric heads were dissected bilaterally (10 sides) using a contralateral EEA and a CTMA to expose targets of interest at the paramedian skull base. For each target in both approaches, the surgical freedom, angle of attack, the corridor's “perspective angle,” and “turning angle” to circumvent the ICA, ET, and FL were obtained.

RESULTS:
The CTMA achieved superior surgical freedom at all targets (P < .05) except at the root entry point of cranial nerve XII. The CTMA provided superior vertical and horizontal angles of “attack” to the majority of targets of interest. Except when approaching the root entry point of cranial nerve XII, the CTMA “turning angle” around the ICA, ET, and FL were wider with CTMA for all targets.

CONCLUSION:
A CTMA complements the EEA to access the paramedian skull base. A CTMA may limit the need for complex maneuvers such as ICA mobilization and dissection of the ET and FL when approaching the paramedian skull base.
LRRK1 functions as a scaffold for PTP1B-mediated EGFR sorting into ILVs at the ER–endosome contact site
Authors: Hanafusa Hiroshi , Fujita Keitaro , Kamio Misa , Iida Shiori , Tamura Yasushi , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Proper control of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Given that EGFR signaling occurs at the plasma membrane and endosomes following internalization, endosomal trafficking of EGFR spatiotemporally regulates EGFR signaling. In this process, leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) has multiple roles in kinase activity-dependent transport of EGFR-containing endosomes and kinase-independent sorting of EGFR into the intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies. Active, phosphorylated EGFR inactivates the LRRK1 kinase activity by phosphorylating Y944. In this study, we demonstrate that LRRK1 facilitates EGFR dephosphorylation by PTP1B (also known as PTPN1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein tyrosine phosphatase, at the ER–endosome contact site, after which EGFR is sorted into the ILVs of endosomes. LRRK1 is required for the PTP1B–EGFR interaction in response to EGF stimulation, resulting in the downregulation of EGFR signaling. Furthermore, PTP1B activates LRRK1 by dephosphorylating pY944 on the contact site, which promotes the transport of EGFR-containing endosomes to the perinuclear region. These findings provide evidence that the ER–endosome contact site functions as a hub for LRRK1-dependent signaling that regulates EGFR trafficking.
Proton linear energy transfer and variable relative biological effectiveness for adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Rechner Laura Ann , Maraldo Maja V , Smith Edward AK , Lundgaard Anni Y. , Hjalgrim Lisa L. , MacKay Ranald I. , Aitkenhead Adam H. , Aznar Marianne C. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Proton therapy has a theoretical dosimetric advantage due to the Bragg peak, but the linear energy transfer (LET), and therefore the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), increase at the end of range. For patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, the distal edge of beam is often located within or close to the heart, where elevated RBE would be of potential concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of RBE and the choice of beam arrangement for adolescent patients with mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: For three previously treated adolescent patients, proton plans with 1–3 fields were created to a prescribed dose of 19.8 Gy (RBE) in 11 fractions (Varian Eclipse v13.7), assuming an RBE of 1.1. Plans were recalculated using Monte-Carlo (Geant4 v10.3.3/Gate v8.1) to calculate dose-averaged LET. Variable RBE-weighted dose was calculated using the McNamara model, assuming an α/β ratio of 2 Gy for organs-at-risk. Results: Although the LET decreased as the number of fields increased, the difference in RBE-weighted dose (Δdose) to organs-at-risk did not consistently decrease. Δdose values varied by patient and organ and were mostly of the order of 0–3 Gy (RBE), with a worst-case of 4.75 Gy (RBE) in near-maximum dose to the left atrium for one plan. Conclusions: RBE-weighted doses to organs-at-risk are sensitive to the choice of RBE model, which is of particular concern for the heart. Advances in knowledge: There is a need to remain cautious when evaluating proton plans for Hodgkin lymphoma, especially when near-maximum doses to organs-at-risk are considered.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION: A MODERN VIEW ON SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Laas N. , Romanova I. , Gurova E. 
Published: February 2023

The current situation of «mass character» of higher education has led to the fact that a large number of graduates significantly exceeds market demands. And most often, the acquired competencies do not advise the requirements of the digital economy. Changes in the labor market affect education at all levels. The digitalization of all spheres of society does not bypass the education system. The requirements for skills and abilities are changing quite quickly, among which preference is given primarily to creative thinking, emotional intelligence, and programming. The emergence of new educational technologies has led to a rapid reduction in the time for mastering professional skills. Education is moving from an industrial model to a more flexible model based on building a career development trajectory. In accordance with this, the main trends in the education of the future are identified. Undoubtedly, the digitalization process determines the technologies used for learning — digital platforms, virtual reality technologies, digital organization of the educational process. Thanks to modern technologies, it has become possible for businesses to monitor the practical developments of not only students, but also schoolchildren in real time, preparing personnel for their needs. The development of individual career development trajectories requires an individual approach to the learning process based on adaptive programs, taking into account cognitive abilities, basic education and motivation. Great importance is given to the analysis of the labor market and the determination of the most demanded professions in the short term based on the use of the Gartner curve. All this requires restructuring the educational process in accordance with modern trends and possible changes in the labor market.