bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankle Sprain History Does Not Significantly Alter Single- and Dual-Task Spatiotemporal Gait Mechanics
Authors: Willwerth Sarah B. , Lempke Landon B. , Lugade Vipul , Meehan William P. , Howell David R. , DeJong Lempke Alexandra F. 
Published: September 2023

Context: Single- and dual-task walking gait assessments have been used to identify persistent movement and cognitive dysfunction among athletes with concussions. However, it is unclear whether previous ankle sprain injuries confound these outcomes during baseline testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of (1) ankle sprain history and (2) time since prior ankle sprain injury on single- and dual-task spatiotemporal gait outcomes and cognitive measures. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We assessed 60 college Division-I athletes (31 with ankle sprain history; 13 females and 18 males, 19.3 [0.8] y; 29 with no ankle sprain history, 14 females and 15 males, 19.7 [0.9] y) who completed injury history forms and underwent concussion baseline testing. Athletes completed single- and dual-task gait assessments by walking back and forth along an 8-m walkway for 40 seconds. Athletes wore a smartphone with an associated mobile application on their lumbar spine to record spatiotemporal gait parameters and dual-task cognitive performance. Separate multivariate analyses of variance were used to assess the effects of ankle sprain injury history on spatiotemporal measures, gait variability, and cognitive performance. We performed a multivariate regression subanalysis on athletes who reported time since injury (n = 23) to assess temporal effects on gait and cognitive performance. Results: Athletes with and without a history of ankle sprains had comparable spatiotemporal and gait variability outcomes during single- (P = .42; P = .13) and dual-task (P = .75; P = .55) conditions. Additionally, ankle sprain injury history did not significantly influence cognitive performance (P = .35). Finally, time since ankle sprain did not significantly affect single- (P = .75) and dual-task gait (P = .69), nor cognitive performance (P = .19). Conclusions: Ankle sprain injury history did not significantly alter spatiotemporal gait outcomes nor cognitive performance during this common clinical assessment. Future studies may consider including athletes with ankle sprain injury history during concussion assessments.
Listeria monocytogenes
requires DHNA-dependent intracellular redox homeostasis facilitated by Ndh2 for survival and virulence
Authors: Smith Hans B. , Lee Kijeong , Freeman Matthew J. , Stevenson David M. , Amador-Noguez Daniel , Sauer John-Demian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a remarkably well-adapted facultative intracellular pathogen that can thrive in a wide range of ecological niches.
L. monocytogenes
maximizes its ability to generate energy from diverse carbon sources using a respiro-fermentative metabolism that can function under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cellular respiration maintains redox homeostasis by regenerating NAD
+
while also generating a proton motive force. The end products of the menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway are essential to drive both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respirations. We previously demonstrated that intermediates in the MK biosynthesis pathway, notably 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA), are required for the survival and virulence of
L. monocytogenes
independent of their role in respiration. Furthermore, we found that restoration of NAD
+
/NADH ratio through expression of water-forming NADH oxidase could rescue phenotypes associated with DHNA deficiency. Here, we extend these findings to demonstrate that endogenous production or direct supplementation of DHNA restored both the cellular redox homeostasis and metabolic output of fermentation in
L. monocytogenes
. Furthermore, exogenous supplementation of DHNA rescues the
in vitro
growth and
ex vivo
virulence of
L. monocytogenes
DHNA-deficient mutants. Finally, we demonstrate that exogenous DHNA restores redox balance in
L. monocytogenes
specifically through the recently annotated NADH dehydrogenase Ndh2, independent of its role in the extracellular electron transport pathway. These data suggest that the production of DHNA may represent an additional layer of metabolic adaptability by
L. monocytogenes
to drive energy metabolism in the absence of respiration-favorable conditions.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection drives differential responses in the bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Bobba Suhas , Howard Nicole C. , Das Shibali , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Nargis , Marchante Ignacio , Barreiro Luis B. , Sanz Joaquin , Divangahi Maziar , Khader Shabaana A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) play a vital role in the host response to infection through the rapid and robust production of mature immune cells. These HSPC responses can be influenced, directly and indirectly, by pathogens as well. Infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) can drive lymphopoiesis through modulation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling. We have previously found that the presence of a drug resistance (DR)-conferring mutation in
Mtb
drives altered host-pathogen interactions and heightened type I IFN production
in vitro
. But the impacts of this DR mutation on
in vivo
host responses to
Mtb
infection, particularly the hematopoietic compartment, remain unexplored. Using a mouse model, we show that, while drug-sensitive
Mtb
infection induces expansion of HSPC subsets and a skew toward lymphopoiesis, DR
Mtb
infection fails to induce an expansion of these subsets and an accumulation of mature granulocytes in the bone marrow. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that the HSCs from DR
Mtb
-infected mice fail to upregulate pathways related to cytokine signaling across all profiled HSC subsets. Collectively, our studies report a novel finding of a chronic infection that fails to induce a potent hematopoietic response that can be further investigated to understand pathogen-host interaction at the level of hematopoiesis.
Prohibitin1 facilitates viral replication by impairing the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
Authors: Zou Jiahui , Tian Shan , Zhu Yinxing , Cheng Yanqing , Jiang Meijun , Tu Shaoyu , Jin Meilin , Chen Huanchun , Zhou Hongbo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Innate immunity plays an essential role in defending the host against pathogenic infections. Appropriate controls are required to exert antiviral effects and avoid inflammatory disorders, but the negative regulation mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, Prohibitin1 (PHB1) was identified as a negative regulator of innate immune responses. We found that PHB1 protein and mRNA levels were promoted by virus-induced beta interferon (IFN-β) and subsequently suppressed the antiviral innate immune responses, thereby facilitating the replication of multiple RNA viruses. Further studies revealed that PHB1 interacted with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to restrain the binding of IRF3 to nuclear import proteins, thereby suppressing the nuclear import of IRF3 and the downstream production of IFN-β. In summary, we elucidated the mechanism by which PHB1 regulates host antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3, which contributed to the understanding of IRF3 regulation and revealed a novel role of PHB1 in host innate immunity.

IMPORTANCE
Type I interferon (IFN-I), produced by the innate immune system, plays an essential role in host antiviral responses. Proper regulation of IFN-I production is required for the host to balance immune responses and prevent superfluous inflammation. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and subsequent sensors are activated by RNA virus infection to induce IFN-I production. Therefore, proper regulation of IRF3 serves as an important way to control innate immunity and viral replication. Here, we first identified Prohibitin1 (PHB1) as a negative regulator of host IFN-I innate immune responses. Mechanistically, PHB1 inhibited the nucleus import of IRF3 by impairing its binding with importin subunit alpha-1 and importin subunit alpha-5. Our study demonstrates the mechanism by which PHB1 facilitates the replication of multiple RNA viruses and provides insights into the negative regulation of host immune responses.
Herpes simplex virus 1 immediate early transcription initiation, pause-release, elongation, and termination in the presence and absence of ICP4
Authors: Dunn Laura E. M. , Baines Joel D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) transcription is tightly regulated in a temporal cascade, utilizing cellular RNA polymerase. We previously observed that infection with HSV-1 mutants lacking immediate early (IE) genes α0, α4, and α22 exhibited high levels of aberrant transcription across the viral genome at just 1.5 hpi. The strongest effect occurred in the absence of full-length ICP4 which is both an essential transcriptional activator and repressor. The goal of the current study was to define the mechanism of ICP4-mediated early transcriptional repression on the viral genome. Using PRO-Cap, PRO-Seq, GRO-Seq, and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing to analyze viral transcription, we found that initiation was elevated at viral promoters of all temporal classes in the absence of ICP4. Despite higher levels of initiation, transcription of non-IE genes was stalled within gene bodies and did not lead to production of mature mRNA. Thus, ICP4-independent mechanisms limit expression of viral genes that initiate prematurely. GRO-seq data also indicated rapid release from promoter proximal pausing, and rapid progression along HSV IE gene bodies, with termination as an important rate-limiting regulatory step. These findings highlight multiple mechanisms that HSV-1 employs to regulate early transcription and shows that ICP4’s repressive role is to restrict initiation, thereby ensuring correct progression of the temporal cascade.

IMPORTANCE
Infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) leads to lifelong infection due to the virus’s remarkable ability to control transcription of its own genome, resulting in two transcriptional programs: lytic (highly active) and latent (restricted). The lytic program requires immediate early (IE) proteins to first repress transcription of late viral genes, which then undergo sequential de-repression, leading to a specific sequence of gene expression. Here, we show that the IE ICP4 functions to regulate the cascade by limiting RNA polymerase initiation at immediate early times. However, late viral genes that initiate too early in the absence of ICP4 do not yield mRNA as transcription stalls within gene bodies. It follows that other regulatory steps intercede to prevent elongation of genes at the incorrect time, demonstrating the precise control HSV-1 exerts over its own transcription.
A prospective randomized clinical trial to assess antibiotic pocket irrigation on tissue expander breast reconstruction
Authors: Walker Jennifer N. , Hanson Blake M. , Hunter Tayler , Simar Shelby R. , Duran Ramirez Jesus M. , Obernuefemann Chloe L. P. , Parikh Rajiv P. , Tenenbaum Marissa M. , Margenthaler Julie A. , Hultgren Scott J. , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacterial infection is the most common complication following staged post-mastectomy breast reconstruction initiated with a tissue expander (TE). To limit bacterial infection, antibiotic irrigation of the surgical site is commonly performed despite little high-quality data to support this practice. We performed a prospective randomized control trial to compare the impact of saline irrigation alone to a triple antibiotic irrigation regimen (1 g cefazolin, 80 mg gentamicin, and 50,000 units of bacitracin in 500 mL of saline) for breast implant surgery. The microbiome in breasts with cancer (
n
= 16) was compared to those without (
n
= 16), as all patients (
n
= 16) had unilateral cancers but bilateral mastectomies (
n
= 32). Biologic and prosthetic specimens procured both at the time of mastectomy and during TE removal months later were analyzed for longitudinal comparison. Outcomes included clinical infection, bacterial abundance, and relative microbiome composition. No patient in either group suffered a reconstructive failure or developed an infection. Triple antibiotic irrigation administered at the time of immediate TE reconstruction did not reduce bacterial abundance or impact microbial diversity relative to saline irrigation at the time of planned exchange. Implanted prosthetic material adopted the microbial composition of the surrounding host tissue. In cancer-naïve breasts, relative to saline, antibiotic irrigation increased bacterial abundance on periprosthetic capsules (
P
= 0.03) and acellular dermal matrices (
P
= 0.04) and altered the microbiota on both. These data show that, relative to saline only, the use of triple antibiotic irrigation in TE breast reconstruction does impact the bacterial abundance and diversity of certain biomaterials from cancer-naïve breasts.

IMPORTANCE
The lifetime risk of breast cancer is ~13% in women and is treated with a mastectomy in ~50% of cases. The majority are reconstructed, usually starting with a tissue expander to help restore the volume for a subsequent permanent breast implant or the women’s own tissues. The biopsychosocial benefits of breast reconstruction, though, can be tempered by a high complication rate of at least 7% but over 30% in some women. Bacterial infection is the most common complication, and can lead to treatment delays, patient physical and emotional distress and escalating health care cost. To limit this risk, plastic surgeons have tried a variety of strategies to limit bacterial infection including irrigating the pocket created after removing the breast implant with antibiotic solutions, but good-quality data are scarce. Herein, we study the value of antibiotics in pocket irrigation using a robust randomized clinical trial design and molecular microbiology approaches.
Treatment outcomes and relapse in patients with
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Chang Chia-Ling , Yu Chong-Jen , Hsueh Po-Ren , Chien Jung-Yien 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The treatment responses and outcomes in patients with
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) remain uncertain. This retrospective study was conducted in Taiwan between 2011 and 2020. A microbiological cure was defined as the requirement for a minimum of three consecutive negative cultures following culture conversion that continued until the completion of anti-MAC treatment. A total of 97 patients with MAC-PD were enrolled in this study. The sputum smear-negative conversion rate was 40% (19/47). Thirty (31%) patients achieved sputum culture-negative conversion rates within 3 years after treatment initiation. All patients with negative sputum culture conversion rates achieved microbiological cure. Patients treated with a macrolide + rifamycin + ethambutol (M + R + EMB)-based regimen had a higher microbiological cure rate than the other patients (39% vs 17%,
P
= 0.023). Patients with persistently positive sputum smears after 6 months of treatment had a lower microbiological cure rate than those with negative sputum smears (6% vs 44%,
P
< 0.001). Among 30 patients with microbiological cure, the median time from sputum culture conversion to treatment completion was 221.5 (0–483) days, and the 1-year relapse rate was 17%. Treatment with the M + R + EMB-based regimen was associated with a higher microbiological cure rate, and patients with persistently positive sputum smears after 6 months of treatment had a lower microbiological cure rate.

IMPORTANCE

The treatment responses and outcomes in patients with
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) remain uncertain. In this study, patients with MAC-PD treated with a macrolide + rifamycin + ethambutol (M + R + EMB)-based regimen had a higher microbiological cure rate than those treated with other regimens. After 6 months of treatment, patients with persistently positive sputum smears had a lower microbiological cure rate than those with negative sputum smears. Among patients with microbiological cure, the median time from sputum culture conversion to treatment completion was 221.5 days (range, 0–483), and the 1-year relapse rate was 17%.
Investigating the cecal microbiota of broilers raised in extensive and intensive production systems
Authors: Marcolla Camila S. , Ju Tingting , Lantz Hannah L. , Willing Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Intensive broiler production practices are structured to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens; however, they can potentially minimize the exposure of broilers to beneficial commensal bacteria. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the cecal microbiota of 35-day-old broilers from 22 independent commercial farms rearing broilers under intensive (IPS) or extensive production systems (EPS). We aimed to determine which bacteria are normal inhabitants of the broiler ceca and which bacteria might be missing from broilers in IPS. In addition, we generated a collection of 410 bacterial isolates, including 87 different species, to be used as a resource to further explore the effects of selected isolates on bird physiology and to elucidate the role of individual species within the cecal microbial community. Our results indicated significant differences in the microbiota of broilers between systems: the microbiota of broilers from EPS was dominated by Bacteroidetes {55.2% ± 8.9 [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]}, whereas Firmicutes dominated the microbiota of broilers from IPS (61.7% ± 14.4, mean ± SD). Bacterial taxa found to be core in the EPS microbiota, including
Olsenella
,
Alistipes
,
Bacteroides
,
Barnesiella
,
Parabacteroides
,
Megamonas
, and
Parasutterella
, were shown to be infrequent or absent from the IPS microbiota, and the EPS microbiota presented higher phylogenetic diversity and greater predicted functional potential than that of broilers in IPS. The bacteria shown to be depleted in broilers from IPS should be further investigated for their effects on bird physiology and potential application as next-generation probiotics.

IMPORTANCE

Production practices in intensive farming systems significantly reduce the introduction and spread of pathogens; however, they may potentially minimize the exposure of animals to beneficial commensal microorganisms. In this study, we identified core bacteria from the cecal microbiota of broilers raised in extensive production systems that are missing or reduced in birds from intensive systems, including
Olsenella
,
Alistipes
,
Bacteroides
,
Barnesiella
,
Parabacteroides
,
Megamonas
, and
Parasutterella
. Furthermore, the cecal microbiota of broilers from extensive systems showed higher diversity and greater functional potential than that of broilers from intensive systems. In addition, a collection of bacterial isolates containing 87 different species was generated from the current study, and this important resource can be used to further explore the role of selected commensal bacteria on the microbial community and bird physiology.
Genomic and metabolic insights into the first host-associated isolate of
Psychrilyobacter
Authors: Liu Meijia , Wei Guangshan , Lai Qiliang , Huang Zhaobin , Li Min , Shao Zongze 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Although gut bacteria are vital to their hosts, few studies have focused on marine animals.
Psychrilyobacter
is frequently related to various marine animals, but its interaction with host remains unknown due to the lack of host-associated isolate or genomic information. Here, we combined cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent methods to uncover the potential roles of
Psychrilyobacter
in the host abalone. The high-throughput sequencing and literature compiling results indicated that
Psychrilyobacter
is widely distributed in marine and terrestrial ecosystems with both host-associated and free-living lifestyles, but with a strong niche preference in the guts of marine invertebrates, especially abalone. By
in vitro
enrichment that mimicked the gut inner environment, the first host-related pure culture of
Psychrilyobacter
was isolated from the abalone intestine. Phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical characterizations suggested that it represents a novel species named
Psychrilyobacter haliotis
B1. Carbohydrate utilization experiments and genomic evidence indicated that B1 can utilize diverse host-food-related monosaccharides and disaccharides but not polysaccharides, implying its potential role in the downstream fermentation instead of the upstream food degradation in the gut. Particularly, this strain showed potential to colonize the gut and benefit the host via different strategies, such as the short-chain fatty acids generation by fermenting peptides and/or amino acids, and the putative production of diverse vitamins and antibiotics to support the host growth and antipathogenicity. To our knowledge, strain B1 represents the first host-related pure culture of
Psychrilyobacter
; genomic and metabolic evidence showed some beneficial characteristics of the dominant gut anaerobe to the host.

IMPORTANCE

Psychrilyobacter
is a globally distributed bacterial genus and with an inhabiting preference for guts of marine invertebrates. Due to the difficulty of cultivation and the limited genomic information, its role in host remains largely unknown. We isolated the first host-associated
Psychrilyobacter
species from abalone gut and uncovered its functional potential to the host through different mechanisms. Our findings provide some insights into the understanding of host-microbe interactions on a core taxon with the marine invertebrates, and the isolate may have an application potential in the protection of marine animals.
Insights into initial continental rifting of marginal seas from seismic evidence for slab relics in the mid-mantle of the Woodlark rift, southwestern Pacific
Authors: Yu Youqiang , Tilmann Frederik , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Xi Jiaji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The initiation and evolution of marginal seas, especially those developing under a convergent setting, is one of the more enigmatic aspects of plate tectonics. Here, we report the presence of slab relics in the mid-mantle of the Woodlark rift in the southwestern Pacific based on a new map of the topography of the mantle discontinuities from a receiver function analysis and evidence from body-wave tomography. The widespread mantle transition-zone thickening rules out active mantle upwelling, and the revealed slab relics in both the upper and middle mantle may hydrate the upper mantle, which can be expected to further weaken the overlying lithosphere. Such a process can then promote initial continental rifting when this lithosphere is exposed to tensional stress like slab-pull stretching originating from the nearby active subduction.