bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immediate Referral vs a Brief Problem-solving Intervention for Screen-Detected Peripartum Depression
Authors: Elansary Mei , Kistin Caroline J. , Antonio Jocelyn , Fernández-Pastrana Ivys , Lee-Parritz Aviva , Cabral Howard , Miller Emily S. , Silverstein Michael 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening adults for depression in settings with programs in place to ensure receipt of appropriate care. Best practices regarding how to ensure such care are unknown, particularly for pregnant and postpartum persons.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of 2 strategies for the initial management of screen-detected peripartum depressive symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized comparative effectiveness trial was performed from February 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, at the prenatal clinic, postpartum unit, and pediatric clinic within an urban safety-net hospital. Participants included peripartum persons with positive depression screen results. Data were analyzed from July 6, 2020, to September 21, 2022, based on intention to treat.InterventionsEngagement-focused care coordination (EFCC), which used shared decision-making and motivational techniques to refer patients to outside mental health services, and problem-solving education (PSE), a brief cognitive-behavioral program delivered at the screening site.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome consisted of severity of depressive symptoms; secondary outcomes included severity of anxiety symptoms and engagement with care, each measured bimonthly over 12 months. Rates of symptom elevations were modeled using negative binomial regression; rates of symptom trajectories were modeled using treatment × time interactions.ResultsAmong the 230 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [5.8] years), 125 (54.3%) were Black and 101 (43.9%) were Hispanic or Latina. At baseline, 117 participants (50.9%) reported at least moderately severe depressive symptoms (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score ≥11), and 56 (24.3%) reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory score ≥21). Across 6 assessment time points, the mean (SD) number of moderately severe depressive symptom episodes in EFCC was 2.2 (2.2), compared with 2.2 (2.1) in PSE, for an adjusted rate ratio (aRR) of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.77-1.17). The mean (SD) number of anxiety symptom elevations in EFCC was 1.1 (1.8), compared to 1.1 (1.6) in PSE, for an aRR of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.69-1.39). There were significant treatment × time interactions relative to mean depressive symptom scores (−0.34 [95% CI, −0.60 to −0.08]; P = .009 for interaction term), favoring EFCC. There were no differences in engagement with care.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized comparative effectiveness trial, there were no differences in depressive or anxiety symptom burden across comparators; however, the evidence suggested improved depressive symptom trajectory with immediate referral. Further work is necessary to guide approaches to management following depression screening for peripartum persons.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03221556
Revisiting the Role of Discharge Products in Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Zou Jinshuo , Liang Gemeng , Zhang Fangli , Zhang Shilin , Davey Kenneth , Guo Zaiping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries are promising devices for CO2 recycling and energy storage. However, thermodynamically stable and electrically insulating discharge products (DPs) (e.g., Li2CO3) deposited at cathodes require rigorous conditions for completed decomposition, resulting in large recharge polarization and poor battery reversibility. Although progress has been achieved in cathode design and electrolyte optimization, the significance of DPs is generally underestimated. Therefore, it is necessary to revisit the role of DPs in Li–CO2 batteries to boost overall battery performance. Here, a critical and systematic review of DPs in Li–CO2 batteries is reported for the first time. Fundamentals of reactions for formation and decomposition of DPs are appraised; impacts on battery performance including overpotential, capacity, and stability are demonstrated; and the necessity of discharge product management is highlighted. Practical in situ/operando technologies are assessed to characterize reaction intermediates and the corresponding DPs for mechanism investigation. Additionally, achievable control measures to boost the decomposition of DPs are evidenced to provide battery design principles and improve the battery performance. Findings from this work will deepen the understanding of electrochemistry of Li–CO2 batteries and promote practical applications.
Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Linley Stuart , Reisner Erwin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSolar reforming (SR) is a promising green‐energy technology that can use sunlight to mitigate biomass and plastic waste while producing hydrogen gas at ambient pressure and temperature. However, practical challenges, including photocatalyst lifetime, recyclability, and low production rates in turbid waste suspensions, limit SR's industrial potential. By immobilizing SR catalyst materials (carbon nitride/platinum; CNx|Pt and carbon nitride/nickel phosphide; CNx|Ni2P) on hollow glass microspheres (HGM), which act as floating supports enabling practical composite recycling, such limitations can be overcome. Substrates derived from plastic and biomass, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cellulose, are reformed by floating SR composites, which are reused for up to ten consecutive cycles under realistic, vertical simulated solar irradiation (AM1.5G), reaching activities of 1333 ± 240 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 on pre‐treated PET. Floating SR composites are also advantageous in realistic waste where turbidity prevents light absorption by non‐floating catalyst powders, achieving 338.1 ± 1.1 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 using floating CNx versus non‐detectable H2 production with non‐floating CNx and a pre‐treated PET bottle as substrate. Low Pt loadings (0.033 ± 0.0013% m/m) demonstrate consistent performance and recyclability, allowing efficient use of precious metals for SR hydrogen production from waste substrates at large areal scale (217 cm2), taking an important step toward practical SR implementation.
Ulnar shape of extant primates: Functional signals and covariation with triquetrum shape
Authors: Vanhoof Marie J. M. , Galletta Lorenzo , Matthews Harold , De Groote Isabelle , Vereecke Evie E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the shape differences of the distal ulna in a phylogenetic context among a broad range of primate taxa. Furthermore, we evaluated covariation between ulnar and triquetrum shape and a possible association between ulnar shape and locomotor behavior.Materials and MethodsWe applied 3D geometric morphometrics on a large dataset comprising the distal ulna of 124 anthropoid primate specimens belonging to 12 different genera. For each species, a mean shape was calculated using 11 Procrustes‐aligned surface landmarks on the distal ulna. These mean shapes are used in a bgPCA, pPCA, and PACA and 3D morphs were used to visualize more subtle differences between taxa. A p2B‐PLS analysis was performed to test the covariance between distal ulnar and triquetrum shape.ResultsThe results show that more closely related species exhibit a similar distal ulnar shape. Overall, extant hominid ulnae show a shape shift compared to those of extant monkeys and hylobatids. This includes a shortening of the ulnar styloid process and dorspalmarly widening of the ulnar head, shape characteristics that are independent of phylogeny. Within the hominids, Pongo pygmaeus seem to possess the most plesiomorphic distal ulnar shape, while Gorilla and Homo sapiens display the most derived distal ulna. Cercopithecoids, hylobatids, and P. pygmaeus are characterized by a relatively deep ECU groove, which is a shape trait dependent of phylogeny. Although there was no significant covariation between distal ulnar shape and triquetrum shape, the shape differences of the distal ulna between the different primate taxa reveal a possible link with locomotor behavior.ConclusionsThe comparative analyses of this study reveal different shape trends in a phylogenetic context. Highly arboreal primates, such as hylobatids and Ateles fusciceps, show a distal ulnar morphology that appears to be adapted to tensile and torsional forces. In primates that use their wrist under more compressive conditions, such as quadrupedal cercopithecoids and great apes, the distal ulnar morphology seems to reflect increased compressive forces. In modern humans, the distal ulnar shape can be associated to enhanced manipulative skills and power grips. There was no significant covariation between distal ulnar shape and triquetrum shape, probably due to the variation in the amount of contact between the triquetrum and ulna. In combination with future research on wrist mobility in diverse primate taxa, the results of this study will allow us to establish form‐function relationships of the primate wrist and contribute towards an evidence‐based interpretation of fossil remains.
Impact of hollow glass microsphere addition to poly(ethylene vinyl) acetate foam on mechanical properties of sports footwear
Authors: Lunchev Andrey V. , Kashcheev Aleksandr , Tok Alfred ling Yoong , Lipik Vitali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSamples of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) co‐polymer foams in form of plates and industrial outsoles of prototyped sport shoes containing 0% (reference), 2.5%, and 5.0 weight % (wt%) of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) were made. The goal was to study the influence of HGM on properties of EVA foam in laboratory conditions followed by the industrial trial, where the most promising laboratory result was applied. The physical properties of samples and behavior of material under dynamic load were examined. EVA foams with HGM filler demonstrated that they have better ability to reduce impact peak force and increase absorb impact impulse compared to the reference foam without HGM. Addition of 5.0 wt% of HGM in laboratory foam increased its absorbed impact pulse by two‐fold. Meanwhile for industrial prototype outsoles, the impact peak force was reduced by 5%–7% in walking simulated conditions and by 11% in case of simulated running. It is also observed that, addition of 5.0 wt% of HGM in EVA foam increased its abrasion resistance by three times, which generally helps to increase the lifetime of sport footwear. Under dynamic load, samples with the addition of HGM behave interestingly and result shows a small decrease in energy return (7%) which is logical, because this composite tends to absorb energy and not return it. Samples with 2.5 wt% HGM are stiffer than reference until 40% compression deformation, but beyond that point it becomes softer, and better absorbs impact energy than reference. Outsole with 2.5% of HGM in EVA outsole increased resistance of shoe at lateral bending of 50% and 20% rise of resistance was found at medial twist. Impact absorption and flexibility resistance are useful for protection against impact which are also helpful to prevent sport injuries. The obtained results show the addition of HGMs which are cheap by‐products in several technologies brings improvement to properties of EVA foams which is the most common materials for the sport footwear industry.
Habitat preferences, genetic isolation and climatic vulnerability of an endangered freshwater crayfish and a widespread freshwater crab in streams of northern Japan
Authors: Hinosawa Tsubasa , Kinami Saki , Sogabe Atsushi , Ohtaka Akifumi , Azuma Nobuyuki , Ikeda Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Stream habitat is distributed discontinuously, which restricts the dispersal of animals among streams. Freshwater decapod crustaceans have poor dispersal ability and thus may suffer high extinction risk in the face of habitat destruction and other forces. Here, the ecological characteristics of two freshwater decapods, the threatened crayfish Cambaroides japonicus (de Haan, 1841) and the widespread crab Geothelphusa dehaani (White, 1847), were compared. The objective of the study was to determine which characteristics are most likely to limit the distribution of C. japonicus.
Environmental DNA sampling was conducted to detect C. japonicus and G. dehaani populations, and environmental characteristics were measured to identify suitable stream habitat. Phylogenetic divergence and genetic differentiation among populations were examined. Using species distribution modelling, the future distributions of both species under climate change were predicted.
Stream habitats harbouring C. japonicus tended to be supplied with more beech leaves and fewer cedar leaves, whereas those of G. dehaani were relatively wide, indicating that C. japonicus favours upstream areas in natural broad‐leaved forest. The results also showed greater genetic divergence among populations of C. japonicus than those of G. dehaani. Modelling indicated that most areas within the current distribution of C. japonicus were predicted to be areas with low distribution probability under a future climate scenario.
To protect C. japonicus, further loss of local populations should be prevented to allow for the maintenance of high genetic diversity among populations, which may provide the evolutionary capability of surviving under future climate conditions. To prevent further loss of C. japonicus populations, natural deciduous forests in mountainous areas need to be preserved. C. japonicus can be the indicator species within the freshwater environment in these forests. Conservation measures for C. japonicus should also be effective for the conservation of the other freshwater invertebrates in upstream areas.
Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Plumbylenes [Fe{(η5‐C5H4)NSiMe2R}2Pb:]: Influence of the Steric Demand of theN‐Substituents on Their Dimerization via C−H Activation with PbII
Authors: Guthardt Robin , Jacob Hannes L. , Herle Dominic , Leibold Michael , Bruhn Clemens , Heinz Myron , Holthausen Max C. , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerrocene‐based N‐heterocyclic plumbylenes fc[(NSiMe2R)2Pb:] (1; fc=1,1’‐ferrocenylene) are easily accessible by transamination from [(Me3Si)2N]2Pb and the corresponding 1,1’‐diaminoferrocene derivatives fc(NHSiMe2R)2. They may form unconventional dimers2by a process, which causes the cleavage of a cyclopentadienyl C−H bond and the formation of a Pb−C and an N−H bond. The monomer‐dimer equilibrium (21⇆2) has been addressed experimentally and computationally. It critically depends on the steric demand of theN‐substituents SiMe2R, which has been varied systematically by using homologues with aliphatic (R=methyl, ethyl, isopropyl,tert‐butyl) and aromatic units (R=phenyl, mesityl, ferrocenyl). Even in the sterically least congested case (R=methyl), dimerization is only slightly exergonic. It eventually becomes prohibitively endergonic with increasingly larger substituents and is thus not observed for R=tert‐butyl, mesityl, and ferrocenyl. R=phenyl represents a borderline case, where the dimer is still detectable in the equilibrium mixture, albeit as a very minor component, in accord with the slightly endergonic Gibbs free energy change calculated for its formation. Addition of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) to the monomer‐dimer equilibrium mixtures cleanly affords the corresponding adducts [1(DMAP)], irrespective of the equilibrium composition.
Quatramer™ encapsulation of dual‐targeted PI3‐Kδ/HDAC6 inhibitor, HSB‐510, suppresses growth of breast cancer
Authors: Tiwari Sachchidanand , Liu Suiyang , Anees Mohd , Mehrotra Neha , Thakur Ashish , Tawa Gregory J. , Grewal Gurmit , Stone Richard , Kharbanda Surender , Singh Harpal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple studies have shown that the progression of breast cancer depends on multiple signaling pathways, suggesting that therapies with multitargeted anticancer agents will offer improved therapeutic benefits through synergistic effects in inhibiting cancer growth. Dual‐targeted inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) have emerged as promising cancer therapy candidates. However, poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability limited their efficacy in cancer. The present study investigates the encapsulation of a PI3‐Kδ/HDAC6 dual inhibitor into hybrid block copolymers (polylactic acid‐methoxy polyethylene glycol; polylactic acid‐polyethylene glycol‐polypropylene glycol‐polyethylene glycol‐polylactic acid) (HSB‐510) as a delivery system to target PI3‐Kδ and HDAC6 pathways in breast cancer cells. The prepared HSB‐510 showed an average diameter of 96 ± 3 nm, a zeta potential of −17 ± 2 mV, and PDI of ˂0.1 with a slow and sustained release profile of PI3‐Kδ/HDAC6 inhibitors in a nonphysiological buffer. In vitro studies with HSB‐510 have demonstrated substantial growth inhibition of breast cancer cell lines, MDA‐MB‐468, SUM‐149, MCF‐7, and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) as well as downregulation of phospho‐AKT, phospho‐ERK, and c‐Myc levels. Importantly, bi‐weekly treatment of Balb/c wild‐type mice harboring EAC cells with HSB‐510 at a dose of 25 mg/kg resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition. The treatment with HSB‐510 was without any significant effect on the body weights of the mice. These results demonstrate that a novel Quatramer encapsulation of a PI3‐Kδ/HDAC6 dual inhibitor (HSB‐510) represents an approach for the successful targeting of breast cancer and potentially other cancer types.
Using immunohistochemistry to classify the molecular subtypes of Paget's disease of the breast
Authors: Cai Yujiao , Cheng Zhongquan , Nangong Jiarui , Zheng Xiaodan , Yuan Zhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo classify the molecular subtypes of Paget's disease of the breast, and then compare them with general breast cancer to get deeper understanding of this disease and offer better management of associate patients in clinical decisions.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry to examine 42 cases of this disease by antibodies against estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki‐67, as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2). Due to damage and loss of specimens, etc., we obtained 36 pathological specimens from the 42 patients. For 30 of 36 pathological specimens (83.3%), we obtained a complete molecular subtype. Cause the other 6 pathological specimens have missing immunohistochemistry items. For patients with bilateral breast cancer, only information on the side with PDB is listed. For patients with recurrence, only information on the first onset was included. We finally compared and studied the molecular subtype of 26 samples. We calculated the relative frequencies of molecular subtypes including luminal A, luminal B, HER‐2‐enriched, and basal‐like and compared them between PDB and general breast carcinomas in other studies.ResultsThe luminal A and B subtype were found, respectively, in 3 (11.5%) and 6 (23.1%) of all patients, and 15 cases of HER‐2‐enriched subtype was detected (57.7%). In addition, 2 (7.7%) showed a basal‐like subtype.ConclusionThe molecular subtypes of common breast cancer and PDB‐associated breast cancer differ. Luminal subtypes are the most common in the former, while within our samples HER‐2 positive subtype was the highest in PDB‐associated breast carcinoma. With further understanding of this disease, rational therapies will be applied in different patients and cures for PDB and PDB‐associated carcinoma will be achieved.
ChatGPT – a revolution for teaching and learning in chemistry education?!
Authors: Pawlak Felix 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDer KI‐basierte Chatbot „ChatGTP“ zog in kürzester Zeit viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich, da er einen leichten und unmittelbaren Zugang sowie die Nutzung einer künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) bietet. Der Chatbot löst dabei unterschiedlichste Aufgaben und gibt Antworten auf die ihm gestellten Fragen. Hierzu können dem Chatbot sehr komplexe Aufgabenstellungen auch aus dem Chemieunterricht präsentiert werden, die dieser umfangreich und (zum Teil) korrekt bearbeitet. Diese neuen Möglichkeiten stellt das Lehren und Lernen vor eine neue Situation, in der eine KI die (Haus‐)Aufgaben für Schüler:innen lösen kann. Wie weit diese Technologie auf der Basis von Large Language Models ist und welche neuen Herausforderungen dies für das Lehren und Lernen im Chemieunterricht mit sich bringen kann, wird anhand von Beispielaufgaben zu Tensiden diskutiert.
What drives greenhouse gas emissions? An international scoping review of academic studies in 2010–2019
Authors: McCurdy Jacob , Rhodes Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased globally 10% in the last decade, but there is a large variation in emissions trajectories by country. Understanding the main drivers of recent changes in GHG emissions is important to guide effective climate action. Using a narrative scoping review of academic literature, we access 648 abstracts and review 30 studies to identify statistically significant independent variables that were associated with GHG emissions nationally and multinationally (i.e., in country groupings) during or overlapping the period 2010–2019. We describe the findings in terms of potential reasons for the positive or negative associations, outline the strength of associations relative to other variables within the same study, and compare the associations to findings in other studies. We find that population, energy consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita are the most common independent variables associated with increases in GHG emissions, whereas the square of GDP per capita and renewable energy production are associated with GHG reductions. We assign GHG drivers to seven categories: economic, energy, demographic, technology innovation, transportation, policy, and others. We conclude by discussing implications for future research and climate policy.
Anti‐Carbonic Anhydrase Goldbodies by Conformational Reconstruction of the Complementary‐Determining Regions of Phage‐Displayed Antibodies
Authors: Gao Tiange , Lou Chenxi , Wang Yan , Wang Haifang , Cao Aoneng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that the main complementary‐determining region (CDR) fragments of antibodies could be grafted onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to produce artificial antibody, dubbed Goldbody. Goldbody maintains the same binding specificity with the corresponding antigen as the original antibody, but has better stability than the antibody. However, the current design of Goldbodies is mainly based on the structures of antibody‐antigen complexes. To extend this promising technique to the majority of antibodies whose complexes with the corresponding antigens are not structurally solved, herein, two anti‐carbonic anhydrase (CA) antibodies screened by phage display were chosen to create anti‐CA Goldbodies. One of the anti‐CA antibodies, cAb‐CA05, has a known complex structure with CA; but the other, cAb‐CA06, does not. By conformational reconstruction of the CDR3 of cAb‐CA06, which is identified by sequence alignment, as well as the CDR3 of cAb‐CA05, two anti‐CA Goldbodies have been created. Interestingly, our results show the two Goldbodies can bind to CA simultaneously, unambiguously indicating their binding sites on CA are far away. As the CDR3 is the major binding unit for many antibodies, which can be reliably predicted by sequence alignment, it could be used as a general strategy to develop artificial antibodies by directly grafting and conformationally reconstructing the predicted CDR3 of antibodies.