bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of Chang'E‐5 young mare low‐Ti basalts
Authors: Li Linxi , Hui Hejiu , Hu Sen , Wang Hao , Yang Wei , Chen Yi , Wu Shitou , Gu Lixin , Jia Lihui , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe regolith samples returned by the Chang'E‐5 mission (CE‐5) contain the youngest radiometrically dated mare basaltic clasts, which provide an opportunity to elucidate the magmatic activities on the Moon during the late Eratosthenian. In this study, detailed petrographic observations and comprehensive geochemical analyses were performed on the CE‐5 basaltic clasts. The major element concentrations in individual plagioclase grain of the CE‐5 basalts may vary slightly from core to rim, whereas pyroxene has clear chemical zonation. The crystallization sequence of the CE‐5 mare basalts was determined using petrographic and geochemical relations in the basaltic clasts. In addition, both fractional crystallization (FC) and assimilation and fractional crystallization models were applied to simulate the chemical evolution of melt equilibrated with plagioclase in CE‐5 basalts. Our results reveal that the melt had a TiO2 content of ~3 wt% and an Mg# of ~45 at the onset of plagioclase crystallization, suggesting a low‐Ti parental melt of the CE‐5 basalts. The relatively high FeO content (>14.5 wt%) in melt equilibrated with plagioclase could have resulted in extensive crystallization of ilmenite, unlike in Apollo low‐Ti basalts. Furthermore, our calculations showed that the geochemical evolution of CE‐5 basaltic melt could not have occurred in a closed system. On the contrary, the CE‐5 basalts could have assimilated mineral, rock, and glass fragments that have higher concentrations of KREEP elements (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus) in the regolith during magma flow on the Moon's surface. The presence of the KREEP signature in the CE‐5 basalts is consistent with literature remote sensing data obtained from the CE‐5 landing site. These KREEP‐bearing fragments could originate from KREEP basaltic melts that may have been emplaced at the landing site earlier than the CE‐5 basalts.
Characterization of the Arn lipopolysaccharide modification system essential for zeamine resistance unveils its new roles in Dickeya oryzae physiology and virulence
Authors: Liang Zhibin , Huang Luhao , Liu Huidi , Zheng Ying , Feng Jiani , Shi Zurong , Chen Yufan , Lv Mingfa , Zhou Jianuan , Zhang Lian‐Hui , Chen Shaohua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe zeamines produced by Dickeya oryzae are potent polyamine antibiotics and phytotoxins that are essential for bacterial virulence. We recently showed that the RND efflux pump DesABC in D. oryzae confers partial resistance to zeamines. To fully elucidate the bacterial self‐protection mechanisms, in this study we used transposon mutagenesis to identify the genes encoding proteins involved in zeamine resistance in D. oryzae EC1. This led to the identification of a seven‐gene operon, arnEC1, that encodes enzyme homologues associated with lipopolysaccharide modification. Deletion of the arnEC1 genes in strain EC1 compromised its zeamine resistance 8‐ to 16‐fold. Further deletion of the des gene in the arnEC1 mutant background reduced zeamine resistance to a level similar to that of the zeamine‐sensitive Escherichia coli DH5α. Intriguingly, the arnEC1 mutants showed varied bacterial virulence on rice, potato, and Chinese cabbage. Further analyses demonstrated that ArnBCATEC1 are involved in maintenance of the bacterial nonmucoid morphotype by repressing the expression of capsular polysaccharide genes and that ArnBEC1 is a bacterial virulence determinant, influencing transcriptional expression of over 650 genes and playing a key role in modulating bacterial motility and virulence. Taken together, these findings decipher a novel zeamine resistance mechanism in D. oryzae and document new roles of the Arn enzymes in modulation of bacterial physiology and virulence.
The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance metallic micronutrient uptake and mitigate food contamination in agriculture: prospects and challenges
Authors: Moreno Jiménez Eduardo , Ferrol Nuria , Corradi Nicolas , Peñalosa Jesús M. , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOptimizing agroecosystems and crops for micronutrient uptake while reducing issues with inorganic contaminants (metal(loid)s) is a challenging task. One promising approach is to use arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and investigate the physiological, molecular and epigenetic changes that occur in their presence and that lead to changes in plant metal(loid) concentration (biofortification of micronutrients or mitigation of contaminants). Moreover, it is important to understand these mechanisms in the context of the soil microbiome, particularly those interactions of AMF with other soil microbes that can further shape crop nutrition. To address these challenges, a two‐pronged approach is recommended: exploring molecular mechanisms and investigating microbiome management and engineering. Combining both approaches can lead to benefits in human health by balancing nutrition and contamination caused by metal(loid)s in the agro‐ecosystem.
A look‐back from the future: Anthropogenic crisis and memory in N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth trilogy
Authors: Borowska‐Szerszun Sylwia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReferring to recent discussions on the challenges the concept of the Anthropocene poses for humanities and literary representation, this article investigates N. K. Jemisin's Broken Earth trilogy as a narrative that addresses the crisis of imagination, in particular with respect to memory. Examining the tensions between individual, collective, and planetary memory, I read Jemisin's novels as an attempt to direct attention to the systemic exploitation of both marginalized minorities and the environment as a key ethical problem of the Anthropocene, which necessitates rethinking the relationship between humanity, climate change, and the planet in the face of the forthcoming crisis.
In or out? Citizenship outcomes of working sexual and gender minority people of Canada
Authors: Dilmaghani Maryam , Dias Jeremy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the greater visibility of sexual and gender minorities, due to data limitations, the quantitative literature on their citizenship outcomes is very limited. Using a large original survey of Canadian sexual and gender minorities and the Canadian General Social Survey, this article first examines the extent of political inclusion of sexual and gender minorities, as measured by sense of belonging to Canada and the province of residence, likelihood of voting, and confidence in the police and the justice system. Sexual and gender minorities are generally found to have a markedly weaker sense of belonging to Canada and confidence in its institutions. Next, these patterns are re‐examined accounting for the degree of outness. The results indicate considerable discrepancies across sexual and gender minorities in how outness affects their citizenship outcomes. In particular, it seems that the sociopolitical profile of these groups plays an important mediating role in the effects of outness on their citizenship outcomes.Related ArticlesBurnett, Craig M., and Aaron S. King. 2015. “The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 586–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12126.Lewis, Gregory B., Marc A. Rogers, and Kenneth Sherrill. 2011. “Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 US Presidential Election.” Politics & Policy 39(5): 655–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00315.x.Winburn, Jonathan, and Amanda Winburn. 2020. “The Role of Political Ideology in Public Opinion toward Enumerated Antibullying Policies in Public Schools.” Politics & Policy 48(3): 442–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12355.
Applied biostatistics in clinical trials for 15‐year‐old pupils
Authors: Lora David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is important for young people to be aware of job profiles and activities in the professional world. Bringing the education system closer to the professional world is vital for them to make decisions about their academic and professional futures. Programs developed to connect 15‐year‐old students who in Spain are in year 4 of their Compulsory Secondary Education, and Research Support Units within the Health Research Institutes of the Hospitals and the Clinical Research Support Platforms of the Carlos III Institute of Health are a good opportunity to highlight the role of biostatistics in clinical trials. The aim of this article is to share the outcomes of and learnings from an interactive workshop for 15‐year‐old students on biostatistics and clinical trials conducted within the 4°ESO + Empresa program and directed by the Scientific Support Unit of the Health Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid, Spain.
Functional allele of a MATE gene selected during domestication modulates seed color in chickpea
Authors: Thakro Virevol , Varshney Nidhi , Malik Naveen , Daware Anurag , Srivastava Rishi , Mohanty Jitendra K. , Basu Udita , Narnoliya Laxmi , Jha Uday Chand , Tripathi Shailesh , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Parida Swarup K. 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYSeed color is one of the key target traits of domestication and artificial selection in chickpeas due to its implications on consumer preference and market value. The complex seed color trait has been well dissected in several crop species; however, the genetic mechanism underlying seed color variation in chickpea remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an integrated genomics strategy involving QTL mapping, high‐density mapping, map‐based cloning, association analysis, and molecular haplotyping in an inter‐specific RIL mapping population, association panel, wild accessions, and introgression lines (ILs) of Cicer gene pool. This delineated a MATE gene, CaMATE23, encoding a Transparent Testa (TT) and its natural allele (8‐bp insertion) and haplotype underlying a major QTL governing seed color on chickpea chromosome 4. Signatures of selective sweep and a strong purifying selection reflected that CaMATE23, especially its 8‐bp insertion natural allelic variant, underwent selection during chickpea domestication. Functional investigations revealed that the 8‐bp insertion containing the third cis‐regulatory RY‐motif element in the CaMATE23 promoter is critical for enhanced binding of CaFUSCA3 transcription factor, a key regulator of seed development and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby affecting CaMATE23 expression and proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in the seed coat to impart varied seed color in chickpea. Consequently, overexpression of CaMATE23 in Arabidopsis tt12 mutant partially restored the seed color phenotype to brown pigmentation, ascertaining its functional role in PA accumulation in the seed coat. These findings shed new light on the seed color regulation and evolutionary history, and highlight the transcriptional regulation of CaMATE23 by CaFUSCA3 in modulating seed color in chickpea. The functionally relevant InDel variation, natural allele, and haplotype from CaMATE23 are vital for translational genomic research, including marker‐assisted breeding, for developing chickpea cultivars with desirable seed color that appeal to consumers and meet global market demand.
Consequences of group III/IV afferent feedback and respiratory muscle work on exercise tolerance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Smith Joshua R. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Larson Kathryn F. , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExercise intolerance and exertional dyspnoea are the cardinal symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In HFrEF, abnormal autonomic and cardiopulmonary responses arising from locomotor muscle group III/IV afferent feedback is one of the primary mechanisms contributing to exercise intolerance. HFrEF patients also have pulmonary system and respiratory muscle abnormalities that impair exercise tolerance. Thus, the primary impetus for this review was to describe the mechanistic consequences of locomotor muscle group III/IV afferent feedback and respiratory muscle work in HFrEF. To address this, we first discuss the abnormal autonomic and cardiopulmonary responses mediated by locomotor muscle afferent feedback in HFrEF. Next, we outline how respiratory muscle work impairs exercise tolerance in HFrEF through its effects on locomotor muscle O2 delivery. We then discuss the direct and indirect evidence supporting an interaction between locomotor muscle group III/IV afferent feedback and respiratory muscle work during exercise in HFrEF. Last, we outline future research directions related to locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities to progress the field forward in understanding the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in HFrEF.
Rate-Limited and Energy-Efficient Feedforward Control for Multi-Fuel Unmanned Aircraft Systems Engine
Authors: Govind Raju Sathya Aswath , Cornelius Andrew , Sun Zongxuan , Kim Kenneth , Kweon Chol-Bum Mike 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Surrogate-model or data-driven model-based control frameworks are becoming increasingly popular in recent years due to their ease of model development and enhanced computational power, making them suitable for real-time use. However, when it comes to modeling aspects related to time, difficulties arise as many of the models deal with quasi-static systems. In this paper, we propose a method to model time-dependent actuator constraints in a surrogate-model-based control framework for controlling the combustion phasing in a multi-fuel UAS engine. Along with this, a conducive method for designing an energy-efficient ignition assistant control is discussed. The developed methods are then tested on a diesel engine, and the results show a more robust and energy-efficient combustion phasing control as the fuel property varies in real-time.
Safe Operating Limits of Vehicle Dynamics Under Parameter Uncertainty Using Koopman Spectrum
Authors: Kumar Alok , Umathe Bhagyashree , Vaidya Umesh , Kelkar Atul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGround vehicles operate under different driving conditions, which require the analysis of varying parameter values. It is essential to ensure the vehicle’s safe operation under all these conditions of the parameter variation. In this paper, we investigate the safe operating limits of a ground vehicle by performing the reachability analysis for varying parameters using the Koopman spectrum approach. The reachable set is computed using the Koopman principal eigenfunctions obtained from a convex optimization formulation for different values of the parameter. We consider the two degrees-of-freedom nonlinear quarter-car model to simulate the vehicle’s dynamics. Based on the obtained reachable sets, we provide the mean and variance computation framework with parametric uncertainty. The results show that the reachable set for each value provides valuable information regarding the safe operating limits of the vehicle and can assist in developing safe driving strategies.
A Recursive System Identification With Non-Uniform Temporal Feedback Under Coprime Collaborative Sensing
Authors: Ouyang Jinhua , Chen Xu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a system identification method based on recursive least-squares (RLS) and coprime collaborative sensing, which can recover system dynamics from non-uniform temporal data. Focusing on systems with fast input sampling and slow output sampling, we use a polynomial transformation to reparameterize the system model and create an auxiliary model that can be identified from the non-uniform data. We show the identifiability of the auxiliary model using a Diophantine equation approach. Numerical examples demonstrate successful system reconstruction and the ability to capture fast system response with limited temporal feedback.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Analysis of a Martian Rotorcraft With Individual Blade Control
Authors: Schulman Paul , Berndt Samuel-Hunter , Roman Christiahn , Tan Xiaobo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted on a proposed blade root-actuated individual blade control (IBC) system for future Martian rotorcraft. IBC offers many potential benefits to rotary-winged exploration of Mars, including precision control of rotor blade forces. This study seeks to provide an estimate of rotor blade force and system power as a basis for concept feasibility analysis and experimental prototyping. ansys fluent was used to compute blade pitching moment, lift, and drag under various feathering waveforms, amplitudes, biases, and frequencies. It is determined that the rapid feathering characteristic of IBC has a non-negligible impact on blade forces. It is also found that actuators with power ratings on the order of 101 W are likely sufficient for blade actuation on Martian rotorcraft.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Non-Homogeneous Li–O2 Battery Cathode: The Effect of Spatial and Temporal Porosity Variations
Authors: Mohan T. Ajeesh , Jithin M. , Das Malay K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The porosity of the cathode in a lithium–oxygen battery is a crucial parameter that influences oxygen transport and active surface area availability. This study explores various cathode models with different initial porosity distributions and analyzes the porosity evolution during discharge. The objective is to maximize the active surface area utilization of the cathode and increase the battery’s discharge capacity. The simulations employ a recently developed lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model proposed by Chen et al. (2017, “Simulation of Double Diffusive Convection in Fluid-Saturated Porous Media by Lattice Boltzmann Method,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 108, pp. 1501–1510), which is capable of handling spatial and temporal variations in diffusion coefficient values. The results demonstrate that a hierarchical porous cathode provides a better specific capacity than a uniform porous cathode with the same average initial porosity. The specific capacity increases as the magnitude of initial porosity variation in the domain increases. Furthermore, incorporating oxygen channels improves oxygen transport in the cathode and offers a better specific capacity than the hierarchical porous cathode. A combination of hierarchical porous media and oxygen channels delivers the best specific capacity among all the other cathode models, as it efficiently balances oxygen transport and active surface area.
Mechanical and Economic Analysis of Conventional Aluminum Photovoltaic Module Frames, Frames With Side Holes, and Open-Source Downward-Fastened Frames for Non-Traditional Racking
Authors: Sadat Seyyed Ali , Vandewetering Nicholas , Pearce Joshua M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Using bolts through the back of a solar photovoltaic (PV) module frames to attach them to racking is time consuming and awkward, so commercial PV installations use clamping technologies on the front. Conventional and proprietary clamps are costly and demand access to supply chains for uncommon mechanical components that limit deployment velocity. To overcome these challenges, this study presents new open-source downward-fastened and side-fastened aluminum (Al) framing designs, which are easy to install and compatible with metal and wood racks. The proposed parametric open-source designs are analyzed through finite element method (FEM) simulations and economic analysis is performed to compare to conventional PV frame at both the module and system levels. The FEM results showed all the frames have acceptable mechanical reliability and stability to pass IEC 61215 standards. The results show the new frame (with a bottom width of 29 mm and thickness of 1.5 mm) has about a 2% land use efficiency penalty, but has better mechanical stability (lower stress and deflections), is easier to install, and has reduced material economic costs compared to conventional frames. The results are promising for the use of the new PV frame designs for distributed manufacturing targeted at specific applications.
Digital Twin for Autonomous Surface Vessels to Generate Situational Awareness
Authors: Menges Daniel , Sætre Simon Mork , Rasheed Adil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multiple studies show that humans are the leading cause of maritime accidents. Therefore, the interest in introducing autonomous surface vessels, particularly in the commercial sector, is receiving increasing attention. Digital twins, virtual representations of physics assets or processes enabled through data and models for real-time control, optimization, monitoring, and informed decision-making, are seen as key enablers for autonomy. Based on their capability, a digital twin is generally categorized on a scale from 0–5 (0-standalone, 1-descriptive, 2-diagnostic, 3-predictive, 4-prescriptive, 5-autonomous). The current work aims at concretizing the categorization in the context of autonomous vessels. It demonstrates some capability levels by introducing the development of an extendable digital twin framework created in the Unity game engine using physics-based models and real-time data. For this purpose, real-time weather and automatic identification system (AIS) data is streamed. While computer-aided design (CAD) and a three-dimensional (3D) height map build the foundation of a standalone digital twin, real-time data, physics-based models, and synthetic sensors set the basis of descriptive representations. Finally, an environmental disturbance observer enables the first diagnostic abilities, while a reinforcement learning algorithm pushes towards autonomous capabilities. It is argued that the work will improve the overall situational awareness for safe sea operations.
Estimation of Viscous Damping Force and Nonlinear Wave Force Acting on a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Yoshimoto Haruki , Amaya Ichiro , Kamizawa Ken , Nishimura Shunsuke , Sato Norikazu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Japan Marine United Corporation (JMU) are currently developing substructures for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). The structure of the FOWT substructure must have sufficient strength against all environmental external forces during the mooring lifetime. Accurately estimating environmental external forces is therefore a very important factor in reducing project uncertainty.
Environmental forces acting on FOWT can be separated into components such as waves, winds, and tidal currents, and wave loads are often the dominant environmental forces acting on substructures. The wave loading on the FOWT can be divided into a linear component that is proportional to wave height and a nonlinear component that is not proportional to wave height. It is well known that the linear component can be estimated with high accuracy, and the estimation method is well established. However, the nonlinear component often depends on the individual shape of the floating body, and special consideration needs to be given to each floating body. Among the nonlinear phenomena related to waves, the influence of viscous damping force is particularly famous, and it is known that it has a great influence on the dynamic response of floating bodies in waves.
In this paper, we focus on estimating the viscous damping force acting on the floating body by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and clarifying its accuracy by comparing with the results of the tank test. In addition, by comparing the dynamic wave pressure acting on the floating body by both CFD and potential theory, the influence of nonlinearity in wave loading is evaluated. The floating body is assumed to be a cross-shaped semi-sub type floating body that JMU is developing, and CFD assumes multiple cases such as free decay and regular waves. The tank test refers to the results of the 1/64 scale test conducted in JMU’s own tank.