bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An objective classification of condensation regimes in direct contact condensation
Authors: Safavi Nic Sherwin S. , van Veen Tijmen H. P. , Buist Kay A. , Verdurmen Ruud E. M. , Kuipers J. A. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntensified heat treatment, using direct contact condensation (DCC), is applied in the production of dairy products to ensure a high level of food safety. The key challenge with DCC is the fouling due to the protein reactions that limits operational efficiency and sustainability. Using a condensation regime map can improve operational decision‐making. Pilot plant scale experiments were conducted for a wide range of steam mass fluxes and inlet temperatures at high and low channel pressures. High‐speed images were recorded and analyzed to obtain penetration lengths and plume area. The experimental data and image analysis supplemented with temperature and pressure measurement, were processed using machine learning (ML) to develop a data driven model to predict the regime maps. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was found to be the most suitable model. From the ML models it was also found that the best parameters to make a condensation regime map are the steam pressure, channel pressure, subcooling temperature, water Prandtl number, and the relative velocity ratio between gas and liquid. The condensation outcomes were presented with various two‐dimensional regime maps. New regime maps are proposed using the Prandtl number and velocity ratio as dimensionless parameters.
Skeletal maturation in male elite youth athletes from the Middle East
Authors: Lolli Lorenzo , Johnson Amanda , Monaco Mauricio , Di Salvo Valter , Gregson Warren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the timing and intensity of skeletal maturation of the radius‐ulna‐short (RUS) bones in elite youth Arab athletes.MethodsWe compared SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models with different spline degrees of freedom and transformation expressions to summarize 492 longitudinal measurements for individual RUS bones scores assessed from 99 male academy student‐athletes (chronological age range, 11.4 to 18 years; annual screening range, four to seven visits).ResultsThe SITAR model with 5 degrees of freedom and untransformed chronological age was superior to the other models. The mean growth curve increased with age and showed a mid‐pubertal double‐kink at a RUS score of ~600 bone score units (au). The SITAR model revealed a first peak in the skeletal maturation velocity curve of ~206 au·year−1 occurred at ~13.5 years. The mean age at the second and largest peak occurred at 15.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9 to 15.3 years), with the respective estimated peak skeletal ossification rate of 334 au·year−1 (95% CI, 290 to 377 au·year−1). The mean age at peak height velocity was 13.5 years (95% CI, 13.3 to 13.7 years), with peak height velocity of 10 cm·year−1 (95% CI, 9.6 to 10.4 cm·year−1).ConclusionApplication of the SITAR method confirmed two peaks in the skeletal maturation velocity curve, with the second and largest rate of ossification occurring at a relatively later timing of ~1.5 years than the height growth spurt. Knowledge of the RUS bones timing and intensity can be important to advance strategies for athlete performance development purposes.
Higher plasma β‐synuclein indicates early synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Oeckl Patrick , Janelidze Shorena , Halbgebauer Steffen , Stomrud Erik , Palmqvist Sebastian , Otto Markus , Hansson Oskar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONβ‐Synuclein is an emerging synaptic blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but differences in β‐synuclein levels in preclinical AD and its association with amyloid and tau pathology have not yet been studied.METHODSWe measured plasma β‐synuclein levels in cognitively unimpaired individuals with positive Aβ‐PET (i.e., preclinical AD, N = 48) or negative Aβ‐PET (N = 61), Aβ‐positive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 36), and Aβ‐positive AD dementia (N = 85). Amyloid (A) and tau (T) pathology were assessed by [18F]flutemetamol and [18F]RO948 PET.RESULTSPlasma β‐synuclein levels were higher in preclinical AD and even higher in MCI and AD dementia. Stratification according to amyloid/tau pathology revealed higher β‐synuclein in A+T− and A+T+ subjects compared with A−T−. Plasma β‐synuclein levels were related to tau and Aβ pathology and associated with temporal cortical thinning and cognitive impairment.DISCUSSIONOur data indicate that plasma β‐synuclein might track synaptic dysfunction, even during the preclinical stages of AD.HIGHLIGHTS
Plasma β‐synuclein is already higher in preclinical AD.
Plasma β‐synuclein is higher in MCI and AD dementia than in preclinical AD.
Aβ‐ and tau‐PET SUVRs are associated with plasma β‐synuclein levels.
Plasma β‐synuclein is already higher in tau‐PET negative subjects.
Plasma β‐synuclein is related to temporal cortical atrophy and cognitive impairment.
Grüne, wasserbasierte, und skalierbare Synthesen von porösen Salzen mit kationischen Al24‐Hydroxid‐Acetat‐Clustern
Authors: Achenbach Bastian , Grape Erik Svensson , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Pappler Sandra K. , Meinhart Marcel , Siegel Renée , Maurin Guillaume , Senker Jürgen , Inge A. Ken , Stock Norbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDie Chemie von Al3+‐Ionen in wässriger Lösung ist sehr komplex und führte bereits zu verschiedenen Polyoxokationen. In diesem Artikel wird die einfache Synthese von porösen Salzen der Zusammensetzung [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]X4 (CAU‐55‐X, mit X=Cl−, Br−, I−, HSO4−) beschrieben, welche einen kationischen Al24‐Cluster enthalten. Die Kristallstrukturen wurden aus Elektronenbeugungsdaten bestimmt. Verschiedene Synthesewege wurden für das Chloridsalz [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]Cl4 in Wasser entwickelt, die innerhalb von Minuten zu hohen Ausbeuten (>95 %, und bis zu 215 g pro Ansatz) führten. Die Verbindungen weisen spezifische Oberflächen und H2O‐Kapazitäten mit Maximalwerten von bis zu 930 m2 g−1 bzw. 430 mg g−1 auf. Die Partikelgröße von CAU‐55‐X kann zwischen 140 nm und 1250 nm eingestellt werden, wodurch die Herstellung stabiler Dispersionen oder hochkristalliner Pulver möglich ist. Die positive Oberflächenladung der Partikel ermöglicht eine schnelle und effektive Adsorption anionischer Farbstoffmoleküle und die Adsorption von per‐ und polyfluorierten Alkylverbindungen (PFAS).
Transfer freier Aminogruppen via α‐Aminierung von Carbonylen
Authors: Feng Minghao , Fernandes Anthony J. , Sirvent Ana , Spinozzi Eleonora , Shaaban Saad , Maulide Nuno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEine Strategie zur direkten α‐Aminierung unfunktionalisierter Carbonylverbindungen wird berichtet. Unter Verwendung einer kommerziell verfügbaren Stickstoffquelle zur Übertragung der freien Aminogruppe (NH2) werden primäre α‐Aminocarbonylverbindungen unter besonders milden Bedingungen hergestellt. Die direkte Einführung einer ungeschützten, primären Aminogruppe ermöglicht in der Folge zahlreiche in situ Funktionalisierungen der erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukte, einschließlich Peptidkupplungen und Pictet–Spengler Cyclisierungen.
Fabrication of Photoprocessable Materials via Photopolymerization Using an Acid‐Induced Photocleavable Platinum‐Acetylide Crosslinker
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Russell Go M. , Kawano Yutaro , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotopolymerization and photoprocessing are core technologies for molding and tuning polymer materials. However, they are incompatible with single materials owing to their contradictory photoreactivity. Herein, an acid‐induced photocleavable crosslinker, a platinum–acetylide complex covered by permethylated cyclodextrins, enables the fabrication of photoprocessable materials via photopolymerization with N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)acrylamide. The polymer networks are molded by 365 nm irradiation as well as softened and degraded by a cooperative reaction with HCl as an acidic additive under 365 nm UV light, or 470 nm visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer. Moreover, the crosslinker is applied to a photoadhesive triggered by 365 nm irradiation. The adhesion is detachable on‐demand through acid‐induced photodegradation with the same wavelength and intensity of irradiation. Thus, acid‐induced photocleavage allows the integration of light‐induced molding and processing under various lights of various wavelengths, opening up new strategies for polymer technologies.
Organohydrogels with High‐Speed Lubrication by Confining Polymer Chain Mobility by an Interpenetrated Heteronetwork
Authors: Ru Yunfei , Yang Yingchao , Wu Qingshan , Fang Ruochen , Zhao Tianyi , Klein Jacob , Liu Mingjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogels with pure hydrophilic network have received much attention due to their excellent low frictional behavior. However, the lubrication performance of hydrogels is not satisfied under high‐speed condition due to the energy dissipation caused by adsorbed polymer chains as well as the failure of lubricating mechanisms accompanied by the transition of lubrication regime. In this work, interpenetrating double‐network organohydrogels were constructed by combining hydrophilic and oleophilic polymer networks to modify the physiochemical properties of surface polymer chains, especially the chain mobility. The oleophilic polymer network spatially restricting the mobility of the swollen hydrophilic network in water, resulted in a low coefficient of friction (ca. 0.01) compared with conventional hydrogels at high speed (0.1 m s−1). Meanwhile, the organohydrogels had superior wear resistance, with almost no wear observed on the sliding track after 5 k cycles of rubbing at high speed. The design concept of organohydrogels can be extended to a variety of low‐wear, highly‐lubricating materials.
Observation of Asymmetric Oxidation Catalysis with B20 Chiral Crystals**
Authors: Li Guowei , Yang Qun , Manna Kaustuv , Zhang Yudi , Merz Patrick , Shekhar Chandra , Zhang Yang , Lv Hua , Markou Anastasios , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of heterogeneous reactions for enantiomeric processes based on inorganic crystals has been resurgent in recent years. However, the question remains how homochirality develops in nature and chemical reactions. Here, the successful growth of B20 group PdGa single crystals with different chiral lattices enabled us to achieve enantioselective recognition of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) based on a new mechanism, namely orbital angular momentum (OAM) polarization. The orbital textures of PdGa crystals indicate large OAM polarization near the Fermi level and carrying opposite signs. A positive or negative magnetization in the [111] direction is expected depending on the chiral lattice of PdGa crystals. Due to this, the adsorption energies of PdGa crystals and DOPA molecules differ depending on how well the O‐2p orbital of DOPA pairs with the Pd‐4d orbital of PdGa. The results provide one possible explanation for how chirality arises in nature by providing an enantioselective route with pure inorganic crystals.
Observing Confined Local Oxygen‐induced Reversible Thiol/Disulfide Cycle with a Protein Nanopore
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Chao‐Nan , Yang Zhong‐Lin , Yu Ru‐Jia , Long Yi‐Tao , Ying Yi‐Lun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisulfide bonds play an important role in thiol‐based redox regulation. However, owing to the lack of analytical tools, little is known about how local O2 mediates the reversible thiol/disulfide cycle under protein confinement. In this study, a protein‐nanopore inside a glove box is used to control local O2 for single‐molecule reaction, as well as a single‐molecule sensor for real‐time monitoring of the reversible thiol/disulfide cycle. The results demonstrate that the local O2 molecules in protein nanopores could facilitate the redox cycle of disulfide formation and cleavage by promoting a higher fraction of effective reactant collisions owing to nanoconfinement. Further kinetic calculations indicate that the negatively charged residues near reactive sites facilitate proton‐involved oxygen‐induced disulfide cleavage under protein confinement. The unexpectedly strong oxidation ability of confined local O2 may play an essential role in cellular redox signaling and enzyme reactions.
α‐Lactam Electrophiles for Covalent Chemical Biology**
Authors: Mahía Alejandro , Kiib Anders E. , Nisavic Marija , Svenningsen Esben B. , Palmfeldt Johan , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrophilic groups are one of the key pillars of contemporary chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. For instance, 3‐membered N‐heterocyclic compounds—such as aziridines, azirines, and oxaziridines—possess unique electronic and structural properties which underlie their potential and applicability as covalent tools. The α‐lactams are also members of this group of compounds, however, their utility within the field remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an α‐lactam reagent (AM2) that is tolerant to aqueous buffers while being reactive towards biologically relevant nucleophiles. Interestingly, carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1/2), both serine hydrolases with key roles in endo‐ and xenobiotic metabolism, were found as primary covalent targets for AM2 in HepG2 liver cancer cells. All in all, this study constitutes the starting point for the further development and exploration of α‐lactam‐based electrophilic probes in covalent chemical biology.
Selective Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO Mediated by Silver Single Atoms Anchored on Tubular Carbon Nitride
Authors: Hu Shan , Qiao Panzhe , Yi Xinli , Lei Yiming , Hu Huilin , Ye Jinhua , Wang Defa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis is a promising strategy for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into fuels and value‐added chemical products. However, photocatalysts usually suffered from low activity and product selectivity due to the sluggish dynamic transfer of photoexcited charge carriers. Herein, we describe anchoring of Ag single atoms on hollow porous polygonal C3N4 nanotubes (PCN) to form the photocatalyst Ag1@PCN with Ag−N3 coordination for CO2 photoreduction using H2O as the reductant. The as‐synthesized Ag1@PCN exhibits a high CO production rate of 0.32 μmol h−1 (mass of catalyst: 2 mg), a high selectivity (>94 %), and an excellent stability in the long term. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the strong metal–support interactions (Ag−N3) favor *CO2 adsorption, *COOH generation and desorption, and accelerate dynamic transfer of photoexcited charge carriers between C3N4 and Ag single atoms, thereby accounting for the enhanced CO2 photoreduction activity with a high CO selectivity. This work provides a deep insight into the important role of strong metal–support interactions in enhancing the photoactivity and CO selectivity of CO2 photoreduction.
Revealing Excited‐State Trajectories on Potential Energy Surfaces with Atomic Resolution in Real Time
Authors: Leshchev Denis , J. S. Valentine Andrew , Kim Pyosang , Mills Alexis W. , Roy Subhangi , Chakraborty Arnab , Biasin Elisa , Haldrup Kristoffer , Hsu Darren J. , Kirschner Matthew S. , Rimmerman Dolev , Chollet Matthieu , Glownia J. Michael , van Driel Tim B. , Castellano Felix N. , Li Xiaosong , Chen Lin X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotoexcited molecular trajectories on potential energy surfaces (PESs) prior to thermalization are intimately connected to the photochemical reaction outcome. The excited‐state trajectories of a diplatinum complex featuring photo‐activated metal–metal σ‐bond formation and associated Pt−Pt stretching motions were detected in real time using femtosecond wide‐angle X‐ray solution scattering. The observed motions correspond well with coherent vibrational wavepacket motions detected by femtosecond optical transient absorption. Two key coordinates for intersystem crossing have been identified, the Pt−Pt bond length and the orientation of the ligands coordinated with the platinum centers, along which the excited‐state trajectories can be projected onto the calculated PESs of the excited states. This investigation has gleaned novel insight into electronic transitions occurring on the time scales of vibrational motions measured in real time, revealing ultrafast nonadiabatic or non‐equilibrium processes along excited‐state trajectories involving multiple excited‐state PESs.
External oblique intercostal (EOI) block for enhanced recovery after liver surgery: a case series
Authors: Liotiri D. , Diamantis A. , Papapetrou E. , Grapsidi V. , Sioka E. , Stamatiou G. , Zacharoulis D. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe report our clinical experience with the external oblique intercostal block in three consecutive adult patients who underwent liver surgery for resection of metastases. Enhanced recovery guidelines for liver surgery recommend intrathecal opioids and peripheral regional anaesthetic techniques in the context of multimodal analgesia to achieve adequate postoperative analgesia and early functional recovery. However, both laparoscopic and open approaches to liver surgery involve incisions in the upper abdomen, an anatomical area not well covered by previously described peripheral regional anaesthetic techniques. The external oblique intercostal block is a novel motor‐ and opioid‐sparing technique which blocks both the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the thoracoabdominal nerves which innervate the upper abdominal quadrant. In all cases in this series, we performed the blocks in a short period of time and without complications. All patients remained pain‐ and opioid‐free in the postoperative period and achieved enhanced recovery outcomes early. We found the external oblique intercostal block to be a simple, convenient, effective and opioid‐sparing regional anaesthetic technique for postoperative analgesia after liver surgery. By minimising opioid use and by obviating the need for central neuraxial anaesthesia techniques in the postoperative period, this block could be incorporated into enhanced recovery protocols for hepatobiliary surgery.
Control efficacy of azadirachtin on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) by soil drenching
Authors: Acharya Rajendra , Sharma Sushant Raj , Barman Apurba K. , Kim Sang‐Mok , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is an important agricultural pest species native to the Western Hemisphere and has recently invaded to Africa and Asia. Owing to the development of pesticide resistance and environmental contamination, ecofriendly pesticides are desirable for FAW control. Azadirachtin is a plant‐derived natural pesticide with low toxicity to humans and the natural environment. Azadirachtin is primarily applied by foliar spraying; however, this approach lowers the efficacy of controlling target insects owing to photodegradation and might give a harmful effect on nontarget beneficial insects. Thus, we investigated whether applying azadirachtin to soil improves FAW control and its toxicity to corn plants. Soil drainage of azadirachtin exhibited no phytotoxic effects on corn plants but significantly reduced the larval body weight and delayed the developmental period of each larval instar of FAW. Applying 10, 15, and 20 ppm azadirachtin to soil inhibited larval growth by 68%, 76%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate of FAW gradually decreased when larvae were fed azadirachtin‐treated corn leaves. Collectively, this is the first study suggesting the systemic efficacy of azadirachtin by soil drenching against FAW.
Association Between Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Gene Overexpression and Risk of Lymphoma in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Duret Pierre‐Marie , Schleiss Cedric , Kawka Lou , Meyer Nicolas , Ye Tao , Saraux Alain , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie , Seror Raphaele , Larroche Claire , Perdriger Aleth , Sibilia Jean , Vallat Laurent , Fornecker Luc‐Matthieu , Nocturne Gaetane , Mariette Xavier , Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveWe undertook this study to analyze whole blood gene expression and to investigate the role of B cell genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome–related non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (primary SS‐NHL).MethodsPeripheral whole blood samples were collected from 345 well‐phenotyped patients with primary SS enrolled in the prospective Assessment of Systemic Signs and Evolution in Sjögren's Syndrome (ASSESS) cohort. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using human Clariom S Arrays (Affymetrix). In our primary analysis, we considered patients with incident lymphoma (i‐primary SS‐NHL) as the case group and all patients without lymphoma as the comparison group. In our sensitivity analyses, we considered all patients with primary SS‐NHL, including those with a history of lymphoma (h‐primary SS‐NHL), as the case group and primary SS patients without lymphoma, stratified on their risk factors of lymphoma, as the comparison group.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with primary SS‐NHL (including 8 with i‐primary SS‐NHL and 13 h‐primary SS‐NHL) were eligible for transcriptomic analysis; we compared these patients to 324 primary SS controls without lymphoma, including 110 with moderate to severe disease activity and 61 with no risk factor of lymphoma. Functional clustering analyses revealed an enrichment of genes related to innate and adaptive immunity, including B cell–related genes. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) genes were overexpressed before the occurrence of lymphoma in patients with incident lymphoma compared with patients without lymphoma. In sensitivity analyses, BTK was consistently up‐regulated across all comparisons performed. BTK expression was associated with risk of lymphoma on multivariate analyses, which considered 9 validated predictors of lymphoma in primary SS.ConclusionBTK and APRIL were overexpressed in the peripheral blood of primary SS patients prior to lymphoma. The association between BTK, APRIL, and primary SS‐NHL requires confirmation in other prospective cohorts.image
Kennzahlen für das Erhaltungsmanagement von Wasserbauwerken auf Basis von Schadensdaten
Authors: Seiffert Annemarie , Elting Sarah , Nyobeu Fangue François Marie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDie Kombination aus Personalmangel, knappen Investitionsmitteln und Überalterung des Infrastrukturbestands hat den Druck auf die Erhaltung der Verkehrswasserbauwerke erhöht. Die exakte Zustandsbewertung bestehender Bauwerke nimmt daher eine immer wichtigere Rolle bei der Beurteilung der Dringlichkeit von Investitionsmaßnahmen ein. Die hierfür im Wasserbau angewandte vierstufige Schadensbewertung führt jedoch zu vergleichsweise wenig differenzierten Zustandsnoten. Dem steht der Bedarf an detaillierten Informationen zum Handlungsbedarf gegenüber. Untersuchungen zu Kennzahlen für das Erhaltungsmanagement haben sich in einem Forschungsprojekt der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau dieser Problematik angenommen. Im Ergebnis stehen anforderungsspezifische Zustandskennzahlen. Sie erweitern die Schadensbeurteilung des Inspektionspersonals um eine Klassifizierung der Schadensauswirkung auf der Basis von Schadensdaten. Die entwickelten Kennzahlen können als ein Indikator für einen erhöhten Erhaltungsbedarf gesehen werden, der durch weitere für das Erhaltungsmanagement relevante Informationen, z. B. Kosten, standardisierte Erhaltungsmaßnahmen, ergänzt werden kann.