bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Brainstem Volume is Associated with Mobility Impairments in Youth with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Trevarrow Michael P. , Dukkipati S. Shekar , Baker Sarah E. , Wilson Tony W. , Kurz Max J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired mobility that has been attributed to changes in structure and function within the nervous system. The brainstem is a region that plays a critical role in locomotion by connecting the cortex and cerebellum to the spinal cord, yet this region has been largely unstudied in persons with CP. The objective of this investigation was to use high-resolution structural MRI and biomechanical analyses to examine whether the volume of the whole brainstem and its constituent elements are altered in CP, and if these alterations relate to the mobility impairments within this population. We assessed the volume of the pons, midbrain, medulla, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) in a cohort of persons with CP (N = 26; Age = 16.3 ± 1.0 yrs; GMFCS levels I-IV, Females = 12) and a cohort of neurotypical (NT) controls (N = 38; Age = 14.3 ± 0.4 yrs, Females = 14) using structural MR imaging of the brainstem. Outside the scanner, a digital mat was used to quantify the spatiotemporal gait biomechanics of these individuals. Our MRI results revealed that there was a significant decrease in volume of the total brainstem, midbrain, and pons in persons with CP in comparison to the NT controls. Furthermore, we found that the altered volumes were related to reduced gait velocity and step length. These results suggest that there are structural changes in the brainstems of persons with CP that may contribute to the mobility impairments that are ubiquitous within this population.
Nakayama algebras and Fuchsian singularities
Authors: Lenzing Helmut , Hagen Meltzer , Ruan Shiquan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This present paper is devoted to the study of a class of Nakayama algebras Nn(r) given by the path algebra of the equioriented quiver An subject to the nilpotency degree r for each sequence of r consecutive arrows. We show that the Nakayama algebras Nn(r) for certain pairs (n, r) can be realized as endomorphism algebras of tilting objects in the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves over a weighted projective line, or in its stable category of vector bundles. Moreover, we classify all the Nakayama algebras Nn(r) of Fuchsian type, that is, derived equivalent to the bounded derived categories of extended canonical algebras. We also provide a new way to prove the classification result on Nakayama algebras of piecewise hereditary type, which have been done by Happel–Seidel before.
Advanced 4.0 Bed Management System
Authors: Mosca Roberto , Mosca Marco , Revetria Roberto , Currò Fabio , Briatore Federico 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this paper which is the extended version of the paper presented at Sysint 2020 and published by Springer on Proceedings [10] the authors address the problem of surveillance of bedridden patients in healthcare, who cannot be supervised by operators 24 hours a day, given the associated costs. This problem is already faced by wearable devices, with some limits. The system proposed consists in monitoring the bed, instead of the patient, through applied sensors. By centralizing and analyzing the data collected it is possible to inform the operative center of the occurrence of risky events. The scope is preventing such risks or mitigating their effects with a real time intervention. Important 4.0 features are added to the new release presented in this extension, like Digital Twins and Cyber Physical Systems enhanced with Artificial Intelligence. The case study proposed in the original paper has been updated with new figures, widely improving the sustainability of the initiative.
The Study of The Secrets of The Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for The Longer Survival of the Flexible Ureterorenoscopes
Authors: Dogan Cagri , Demir Aslan , Şahin Mehmet Fatih , Keleş Anil , Ateş Hüseyin , Akgul Murat , Yazici Cenk Murat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate whether the durability of the f-URS will be affected due to the volume and location of the stone and some anatomical features of the including infundibulopelvic angle(IPA), and location anomalies.
Materials and Methods The collected data from705 patients’ data including their age, sex, stone location, and stone volume,S-ReSC score, Hounsfield unit(HU) as stone density,IPA, BMI, and the usage time off-URS by using 10f-URS were included to study. Exp(B) values and confidence intervals(95%CIs) of parameters were calculated with COX regression and Roc curve analysis was also used to determine the cut-off value.
Results Renal malformation, DJ stent use, previousESL application, and UAS use did not affect contrary to expectations stone volume, HU, IPA, and S-ReSC score were among the factors statistically significant affecting the durability of the device. It was observed, Exp(B)values ​​of the affecting factors to be0.984, 0,268, 0.894, and0.607, respectively. we found the most appropriate cutoff value for IPA as41.25 degrees.
ConclusionThe mean stone volume broken by each of the subsequent f-URS may increase, while the mean operative time may decrease as time progresses. This result shows us the importance of mastery of the device, such as the deflection maneuver, and the correct use distance of the laser, which improves with the increase in user experience, and makes us interpret that the operation time is shortened with this self-confidence. Factors including stone volume,HU,IPA,S-ReSC score affect the durability of thef-URS device and the as well as manufacturing features.
Comorbidity burden and health-related quality of life in men with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Benzo Roberto , Moreno Patricia I. , Fox Rina S. , Silvera Carlos A. , Walsh Emily A. , Yanez Betina , Balise Raymond R. , Oswald Laura B. , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Identifying clinically relevant comorbidities and their effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes among men with advanced prostate cancer (APC) can inform patient care and improve outcomes; however, this is poorly understood. The aim of this observational study was to examine the prevalence of comorbidities, and the relationship of comorbidity burden to HRQoL and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among men with APC.
Methods: Participants were 192 men (average age 68.8) with APC (stage III or IV) who completed a psychosocial battery including measures of sociodemographic factors, HRQoL and other PROs, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between CCI, HRQOL, and PROs.
Results: The vast majority (82%) of participants had at least one comorbidity, with the most common being: hypertension (59%), connective tissue disease or arthritis (31%), diabetes (24%), and problems with kidneys, vision, or another organ (24%). After controlling for covariates, regressions showed that a higher CCI score was significantly associated with worse HRQoL (p < 0.001), lower levels of positive affect (p < 0.05), and higher levels of depression (p < 0.05), fatigue (p < 0.001), pain (p < 0.01), stress (p < 0.01), and cancer-specific distress (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Comorbidities were common among men with APC, and a greater CCI score was associated with detriments in several domains of HRQoL and other PROs. Our findings show the need to address comorbidities in the presence of a cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Regional inequalities in single orphanhood, child nutrition and social protection in South Africa: a spatial econometric approach
Authors: Leach Grace , von Fintel Dieter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Orphanhood and parental absence are both associated with a range of childhood socioeconomic disadvantages. However, their separate effects on child health are not adequately understood. Absence limits parents’ psychosocial investment in children. In the case of orphans, reduced resource flows to children add an additional layer to the disadvantage. Social protection and extended family networks can compensate for material and psychosocial disadvantages. This paper studies the case of South Africa, where high rates of parental absence, orphanhood and child stunting co-exist. These disadvantages are geographically concentrated in the former homelands, impoverished areas affected by a range of apartheid-era discriminatory legislation. Homelands households typically form around the elderly who take care of children on behalf of absent migrant worker parents, or who adopt orphaned children.
Methods: This paper firstly maps the geography of single orphanhood and child nutrition, establishing whether various disadvantages are concentrated in the same regions. Spatial econometric models accounting for regional spill-over are used to estimate associations between child nutrition, parental absence, orphanhood, state support and household resources.
Results: There are strong overlapping regional inequalities in child nutrition and orphanhood. Disadvantages are concentrated in former homelands. Father absence and paternal orphanhood rates have similar positive associations with local stunting rates. Household resources and access to social services do not moderate this association. By contrast, maternal absence and maternal orphanhood are insignificantly correlated with stunting. However, maternal absence is negatively correlated with child underweight.
Conclusions: Father presence is more strongly associated with child outcomes than material resources, suggesting that fathers also make non-material or psychosocial contributions to child health. Maternal absence and orphanhood rates have smaller associations with chronic health outcomes. In fact, our results support the hypothesis that absent working mothers who migrate to urban areas remit incomes to benefit the acute nutrition status of children. Addressing regional inequalities in orphanhood and child nutrition requires more than the local expansion of public social safety nets in areas of high vulnerability. Rather, the bigger challenge of addressing father presence will make a large contribution to improving children’s health outcomes.
Pediatric HSCT survival rates detection through the application of different ANN model optimizers, BSA, VSA, and GOA
Authors: Javanmehr Nima , Moayedi Hossein , Farokhnia Fahimeh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) possesses unique characteristics that render it useful in a variety of applications. Thanks to creative approaches to observing complex clinical data through the lens of mathematical coding, researchers have uncovered a crossroad between computer and medical sciences that offers an exciting landscape to improve the current clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Bringing together findings from multiple sources, such as private health information, laboratory, and physical examination, neural networks have yielded novel modeling systems in which different features in the medical dataset dynamically contribute to the maturation of the system's predicting and classifying functions. This potency is commonly attributed to the training function in a neural network, which enables the ANN to autonomously recognize the link between the input and outputs of a particular database. Besides the ANN's groundbreaking promises, a bulk of applications have surfaced its existing limitations, including local minima entrapment and extended processing time. In this context, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are developed to address the ANN's shortcomings. In the present research, we recruit ANN-based BSA, VSA, and GOA algorithms to optimize the neural network's prediction competence. The proposed models are utilized in a database from UCI databank to predict the outcome of bone marrow transplant in children with hematologic conditions. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), ROC, and AUC measures are harnessed to analyze and compare the outcomes of different models. The ANN-BSA model is recognized to bring about the most viable results concerning the relationship between input and output layer data (that is, clinical features and survival rates). This research provides solid proof of the significant assistance of ML systems to healthcare practitioners to estimate an individual-based prognosis.
A Fuzzy Q-learning-based Approach for Auto-scaling and Computation Offloading in Edge/Cloud Computing
Authors: Nikougoftar Elaheh , Ghobaei-Arani Mostafa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The fast growth of under developing mobile applications in recent years has emerged a diversity of delay-sensitive applications such as multimedia streaming, virtual reality, augmented reality, and online gaming applications to facilitate daily activities in different aspects of human life. Edge computing has been raised as an Internet-based distributed computing model to enable mobile devices to offload tasks to nearby edge servers rather than transfer them to remote cloud servers. A joint auto-scaling and task offloading approach in edge/cloud computing is proposed in this paper. Due to dynamic changes in usage and access to mobile applications over time, it requires addressing their workload fluctuations as challenging issues. The future workload is predicted using long short-term memory (LSTM) network, supported with the differential evolution (DE) algorithm for selecting the LSTM hyperparameters. A fuzzy Q-learning technique is also utilized to make scaling decisions at runtime, and a learning automata-based technique is used to make decisions on offloading tasks of mobile devices to edge/cloud layers. The proposed approach is validated using the iFogSim simulator under synthetic and real-world patterns. The results show that it achieves better performance in terms of execution time, energy consumption, and delay violation compared to the baseline approaches.
High glucose promotes macrophage switching to M1 phenotype via down-regulating STAT-3 mediated- autophagy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Ying , Zhu Xiaodong , Liu Yuqiu , Yang Xing , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
Imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Macrophages mainly exhibit M1 phenotype, which contributes to the inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Studies indicate that autophagy plays an important role in M1/M2 activation. However, the mechanism of autophagy regulating macrophage M1/M2 phenotype in DKD is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore whether high glucose induced macrophage switch to M1 phenotype via down-regulating STAT-3-mediated autophagy.
Methods
DKD model rats were established in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Rats were sacrificed at 18 weeks for histological and molecular analysis. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro with 30mM glucose in the presence or absence of a STAT-3 activator (Colivelin) and an autophagy activator (Rapamycin). Meanwhile, M1 and M2 macrophage activation models were established as a control group. Immunofluorescence and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3, Beclin-1), M1 markers (iNOS, TNF-α), and M2 markers (MR, Arg-1).
Results
In DKD, macrophages exhibited an M1 phenotype and showed less autophagy. Under high glucose conditions, RAW264.7 macrophages switched to the M1 phenotype. Autophagy was downregulated in high glucose induced M1 macrophages. Both the STAT-3 activator and the autophagy activator promoted the transition of glucose-induced M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages. Meanwhile, STAT-3 activation increased the expression of autophagy makers (LC3 and Beclin-1). However, autophagy activator had no effect on STAT-3 phosphorylation.
Conclusion
High glucose promotes macrophage switching to M1 phenotype via down-regulating STAT-3-mediated autophagy.
Efficient Algorithms for Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Multiple Matrices
Authors: Bosner Nela 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Joint approximate diagonalization (JAD) of multiple matrices is a core problem in many applications. In this work we propose two numerical methods for computing JAD, based on constrained optimization on two different matrix manifolds, with emphasis on their numerical properties and efficiency. Our goal is to solve efficiently the following problem: given a set of symmetric matrices A(1) , A(2) , . . . , A(m) ∈ Rn×n, find orthogonal or nonsingular Y ∈ R n×n such that A(p) = Y · D(p) · Y T , for all p = 1, . . . , m, where D(p) are either diagonal, or as diagonal as possible according to some criterion. We were focused on approach that is suitable for efficient parallel implementation, especially for larger dimension n and large number of matrices m. This approach is based on Riemannian optimization by conjugate gradient method on two matrix manifolds: the Stiefel manifold (orthogonal group), when diagonalizing matrix X needs to be orthogonal, and the oblique manifold (matrices with unit column norm), otherwise. The conjugate gradient optimization method requires solution of 1-dimensional optimization problem in each iteration, has superlinear convergence, and is very simple for implementation and suitable for parallelization. Diagonalization or approximate diagonalization is represented by minimization problem m min X ∈ M F (X), where F measures diagonality of transformed input matrices and M is appropriate manifold. In our implementation of the method, all basic steps, such as: evaluation of F (X), grad F (X), and Hess F (X), computing geodesic and solving 1-dimensional optimization problem, are explicitly modified and parallelized in order to decrease operation count and increase efficiency. Numerical experiments confirmed that our modified implementations of the conjugate gradient method on two matrix manifolds are more efficient than the original versions, in particular for large n and m.
MSC Classification: 15A21 , 15A23 , 58C05 , 58C25 , 47J25 , 65J15 , 65K10 , 65Y05 , 65Y20.
Relationship of topography and soil chemistry with species richness in Chandragiri hill, central Nepal
Authors: Gharti Parvati , Dani Ram Sharan , Baniya Chitra Bahadur 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Species richness in mountain region is governed by topographic, edaphic and climatic factors. The present study aims to find the relationship of topography and soil chemistry with species richness in the study area. The study was carried out in the community forests of Chandragiri hill, central Nepal. Altogether, 35 plots of 100 m2 each were established between 1500-2500 m. Quadrats of 10 m × 10 m, 5 m × 5 m and 1 m × 1 m were established for the assessment of trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. Soil was collected from the four corners of the 10 m × 10 m quadrat and mixed to form a composite soil sample. Soil chemical properties such pH, organic carbon, total N, phosphorus and potassium were determined in the laboratory. Data analysis was carried out using correlation and generalized linear model. Altogether, 180 species recorded from the study site that belonged to 142 genera and 68 families. Among the selected soil variables, only soil pH showed a statistical significant negative relationship with total species richness and richness of shrubs, herbs and climbers. However, the tree showed no significant trend with soil pH. At the local level, soil heterogeneity is the factor determining species richness. Present study provides information about species richness in the study site and hence can be precious for the development of conservation strategies. In addition, it also helps in prioritizing the site on the basis of biodiversity.
Characteristics of 24-hour movement behaviours and their associations with mental health in children and adolescents
Authors: Fairclough Stuart J. , Clifford Lauren , Brown Denver , Tyler Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background.
Time-use estimates are typically used to describe 24-hour movement behaviours. However, these behaviours can additionally be characterised by other easily measured metrics. These include sleep quality (e.g., sleep efficiency), 24-hour activity rhythmicity (e.g., between-day rhythm variability), and directly measured acceleration metrics (e.g., intensity gradient). Associations between these characteristics and youth mental health are unclear. This study’s aims were to [1] compare 24-hour movement behaviour characteristics by sex and age groups, [2] determine which movement behaviour characteristics were most strongly associated with mental health outcomes, and [3] investigate the optimal time-use behaviour compositions for different mental health outcomes.
Methods.
An analytical sample of 301 children and adolescents wore accelerometers for 24-hours/day over 7-days. Overall mental health, externalising, and internalising problems were self-reported using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. 24-hour movement behaviour characteristics were categorised as time-use, sleep quality, 24-hour activity rhythmicity, and directly measured acceleration. Linear mixed models and compositional data analysis with adjustment for covariates were used to analyse the data in alignment with the study aims.
Results.
Children were significantly more physically active, less sedentary, slept longer (p = .02-.01), and had lower sleep efficiency than adolescents (p = .001). Boys were significantly more active than girls (p < .001) who in turn accrued more time in sleep (p = .02). Children and boys had significantly higher most active 10-hours, mesor and, amplitude values (p = .01-<.001), while timing of acrophase was significantly later among adolescents (p = .047). Overall mental health and externalising problems were significantly associated with sleep, sedentary time, sleep efficiency, amplitude, and inter-daily stability (p = .04-.01). The optimal time-use compositions were specific to overall mental health and externalising problems and were characterised by more sleep, light and vigorous physical activity, and less sedentary time and moderate physical activity than the sample’s mean time-use composition.
Conclusions.
Extracting and examining multiple movement behaviour characteristics from 24-hour accelerometer data can provide a more rounded picture of the interplay between different elements of movement behaviours and their relationships with mental health than single characteristics alone, such as time-use estimates. Applying multiple movement behaviour characteristics to the translation of research findings may enhance the impact of the data for research users.