bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intense Whistler-mode Waves at Foreshock Transients: Characteristics and Regimes of Wave−Particle Resonant Interaction
Authors: Shi Xiaofei , Liu Terry , Artemyev Anton , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Xiao-Jia , Turner Drew L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Thermalization and heating of plasma flows at shocks result in unstable charged-particle distributions that generate a wide range of electromagnetic waves. These waves, in turn, can further accelerate and scatter energetic particles. Thus, the properties of the waves and their implication for wave−particle interactions are critically important for modeling energetic particle dynamics in shock environments. Whistler-mode waves, excited by the electron heat flux or a temperature anisotropy, arise naturally near shocks and foreshock transients. As a result, they can often interact with suprathermal electrons. The low background magnetic field typical at the core of such transients and the large wave amplitudes may cause such interactions to enter the nonlinear regime. In this study, we present a statistical characterization of whistler-mode waves at foreshock transients around Earth’s bow shock, as they are observed under a wide range of upstream conditions. We find that a significant portion of them are sufficiently intense and coherent (narrowband) to warrant nonlinear treatment. Copious observations of background magnetic field gradients and intense whistler wave amplitudes suggest that phase trapping, a very effective mechanism for electron acceleration in inhomogeneous plasmas, may be the cause. We discuss the implications of our findings for electron acceleration in planetary and astrophysical shock environments.
The Italian lichens dataset from the TSB herbarium (University of Trieste)
Authors: Conti Matteo , Nimis Pier Luigi , Tretiach Mauro , Muggia Lucia , Moro Andrea , Martellos Stefano 
Published: February 2023

The "Herbarium Universitatis Tergestinae" (TSB), with a total of ca. 50,000 specimens, includes the largest modern collection of lichens in Italy, with 25,796 samples collected from all over the country since 1984, representing 74% of all taxa known to occur in Italy. Almost all specimens have been georeferenced “a posteriori”. The dataset is available through GBIF, as well as in ITALIC, the Information System of Italian Lichens.
The TSB Herbarium hosts the largest modern lichen collection in Italy, with a total of ca. 50,000 specimens. This dataset contains all of the 25,796 specimens collected within the administrative borders of Italy. Amongst them, 98% are georeferenced and 87% have the date of collection. The dataset includes several type specimens (isotypes and holotypes) and exsiccata.
Studies on Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) In Bulgaria
Authors: Gyudorova Stela 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this publication is to review and analyze the main studies of Manna ash in Bulgaria in or-der to present summarized information and acquire an objective view of the possibilities for proper per-ception of the importance of this local tree species and its use in various aspects of science and practice in our country. The study covers the period from the second half of the 1940s, when the first specialized journals in the field of forest science were published, until 2022. The focus of the study is on publications related directly or indirectly to various aspects of research on manna ash.&nbsp;
The tracking of the chronology of forestry studies in Bulgaria shows trends towards a change in the perception of Manna ash as an inferior species and the search for its benefits for forestry practice, including rethinking its role from one of a weed species into an adjustable competitor, stimulating the regeneration of oaks and others indigenous species in plantations.
The role of phytocoenological studies, which in relation to the Manna ash communities, both in nat-ural and artificial forest plantations, with its participation have increased in recent years. With their help, it is possible to trace the stages of successions and fluctuations and behavior of Manna ash in xerothermic oak forests and austian pine crops &ndash; its ecological-coenotic strategy towards the main tree species.
The studies of Manna ash in Bulgaria in the field of special uses are close to their European ana-logues and in a number of cases overtake them with new data and discoveries, mostly in terms of bio-logically active products and antiallergic agents obtained from this plant species, among which we have world patents.&nbsp;
O DESAFIO DA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL AMPLIADA EM SAÚDE
Authors: Maraschin Renata , Dalbosco Cláudio Almir 
Published: February 2023

As políticas nacionais e a literatura existente sobre o tema da formação profissional em saúde revelam a necessidade de se repensar modos de articular, de forma coerente, o modelo de saúde vigente, a formação profissional e a assistência/atuação. Frente a esta necessidade, o presente ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre os fundamentos filosóficos, pedagógicos e metodológicos da formação profissional em saúde. Parte-se do entendimento de que a pedagogia das competências e as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem constituem o fundamento pedagógico e metodológico que melhor responde aos anseios do campo da saúde, no que se refere à atuação profissional futura dos graduandos. Todavia, é apresentada a hipótese de que a proposta da pedagogia das competências, quando analisada em seus fundamentos filosóficos, revela-se insuficiente se o almejado para a formação profissional em saúde é que ela também contemple a formação humana - ética e solidária. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico, de natureza bibliográfica, em que a pedagogia das competências é confrontada com a perspectiva hermenêutica, cuja origem se encontra na hermenêutica filosófica, proposta por Hans-Georg Gadamer, filósofo alemão do século XX. Desta perspectiva, são extraídos os conceitos de diálogo e sabedoria prática - phrónesis-, para compreender filosoficamente a pedagogia das competências e, ao mesmo tempo, propor perspectiva alternativa que amplie os fundamentos do processo formativo de profissionais da saúde.
Functional and morphometric changes in children after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Walter Carin Cristina , Escobar-Diaz Maria Clara , Cesar Sergi , Garrido Bosco Alejandro Moscoso , Sanchez-de-Toledo Joan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The increase in the survival of patients with D-Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) has now turned our focus to the evaluation of mid and long-term outcomes. Although most patients are followed by conventional echocardiography, the study of cardiac functionality and morphometric parameters in children with TGA after ASO is scarce. The present study aims to describe the functional and morphometric echocardiographic changes in children after ASO.

Methods:
We performed an observational study in patients aged 1–5 years with TGA who underwent neonatal ASO. Morphometric and functional echocardiographic parameters were analyzed in 21 patients and compared with 52 age-matched healthy controls.

Results:
We found morphological and functional changes, especially in the right ventricle, which is more globular (right ventricle [RV] basal sphericity index 1.5 vs. 1.8, P = 0.016), and with a decreased systolic function compared to healthy controls (fractional area change 51 vs. 58%, P = 0.006; tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 13 vs. 20 mm, P = 0.001; s’ 7 vs. 12 cm/s, P = 0.001). In the speckle-tracking strain imaging, there was a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the apical septal myocardium (−23% vs. −27%; P = 0.005). Preoperative systemic overload to the right ventricle could be an important factor in the origin of these changes.

Conclusions:
In patients with TGA after ASO, there are morphometric and functional echocardiographic changes, such as globular form and decreased function, especially in the RV; the effect of these changes on long-term outcomes would require prospective follow-up studies.
Results from a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey in Two Malaria Transmission Foci of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Keys Hunter , Bardosh Kevin , Ureña Keyla , Desir Luccene , Tejada Manuel , Noland Gregory S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT.
Metropolitan Santo Domingo has accounted for a majority of reported malaria cases in the Dominican Republic in recent years. To inform malaria control and elimination efforts, a cross-sectional survey of malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices collected 489 adult household-level questionnaires across 20 neighborhoods in the city’s two main transmission foci, Los Tres Brazos (n = 286) and La Ciénaga (n = 203), in December 2020. Overall, most residents (69%) were aware of the problem of malaria in Santo Domingo, but less than half knew that mosquitos transmit the disease (46%) or took any correct preventative measure (45%). More residents of Los Tres Brazos, where malaria incidence is higher than in La Ciénaga, said that they had never been visited by active surveillance teams (80% versus 66%, respectively; P = 0.001), did not link mosquitos with malaria transmission (59% versus 48%, P = 0.013), and did not know medication can cure malaria (42% versus 27%, P = 0.005). Fewer residents of Los Tres Brazos said that malaria was a problem in their neighborhoods (43% versus 49%, P = 0.021) and fewer had mosquito bed nets in their homes (42% versus 60%, P < 0.001). The majority (75%) of questionnaire respondents in both foci did not have enough mosquito nets for all household residents. These findings demonstrate gaps in malaria knowledge and community-based interventions and highlight the need to improve community engagement for malaria elimination in affected areas of Santo Domingo.
An Experiment in Determining the High-water Mark
Authors: Whittal Jennifer , Mackie Keith 
Published: February 2023

As a boundary of the seashore, the high-water mark (HWM) is relevant to the public, the State, and other rights holders in the coastal zone. Unlike most fixed property boundaries that are surveyed and beaconed, the HWM is subject to dynamic natural coastal processes and moves over time. Its location is difficult to determine, and the precision of this determination is unknown. This paper reports on an experiment to measure the precision (variability/repeatability) of the location of the HWM at a variety of sites near Cape Town, by volunteer participants. Four sites were chosen along stable (non-mobile) shores along the open, high energy oceanic shores south of Cape Town on the Cape Peninsula. One of these sites exhibits large variation in coastal terrain and type – at this site three sets of measurements were undertaken, bringing the total number of experimental sites to six. Surveying was undertaken in the South African national control survey system using network real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems (GNSS).
This experiment shows that the professional land surveyors located the HWM to ±1,6m, coastal engineers to ±4,1m, and the group of ‘others’ to ±4,2m. The professional land surveyors determined the height of the HWM to ±0,4m over all sites, compared to ±0,7m for all participants. The HWM is likely to be about 4 - 5m above the lowest astronomic tide. However, the line is not a contour – it is affected by weather and local variations in the coastline such as slope and seashore composition. The averaged heights of the HWM at each of the sites for all participants showed a range of 1,3m. Since the boundaries of the seashore cannot be determined with precision, property, cadastral and environmental law needs to continue to respect the nature of this environment and the limitations of locating the HWM.
Comparison of GRACE Gravity Anomaly Solutions for Terrestrial Water Storage Variability in Arid and Semi-arid Botswana
Authors: Segobye Mooketsi , Motlogelwa Loago K. , Nkwae Boipuso , Ouma Yashon O. , Maphale Lopang , Manisa Bagadzi M. 
Published: February 2023

Explorations of the differences between Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions in local regions and basins are fundamental in determining their suitability and applicability in these environments. Because of the different mathematical inversions used by the respective processing centers, individual solutions exhibit discrepancies in terms of mass increase or loss, which makes it difficult for users to select the best model for studying terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSAs). This study compares TWSA trends, as derived from different GRACE solutions over the arid and semi-arid Botswana (2002-2019), where both storage and flux from CSR, JPL, GFZ, TUGRAZ, AIUB, and COST-G[1] were compared. The results show that the six solutions are fairly correlated with the least correlation of R=0.829 between JPL and AIUB, and a maximum of R=0.921 between CSR and TUGRAZ at a 95% confidence level. The TWSA analyses for 2002-2019 indicate that TWS is increasing in Botswana, with the least linear trend of +0.11cm/yr detected from the TUGRAZ inversion model, and the highest linear trend at +0.43cm/year from the COST-G model. On comparing TWS with rainfall, all the solutions presented the same spatio-temporal trends as the rainfall patterns, indicating that the GRACE solutions exhibit the same responses with respect to the received rainfall. Over the 18 years investigated, the long-term rainfall trend was found to decrease, which was only detected by the TUGRAZ model in terms of the recorded equivalent water height (EWH) of -0.008cm/yr from the monthly trend observations. Overall, the AIUB inversion solution gave a better result as its signal was found to be the same as the rainfall signal.

[1] CSR = Center for Space Research; JPL = Jet Propulsion Laboratory; GFZ = the German Research Center for Geosciences; TUGRAZ = Graz University of Techology; AIUB = the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern; COST-G = the International Combination Service for Time-Variable Gravity Fields
Molecular Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Co-Infection in HIV Positive Women Attending Selected Hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Raji M.I.O. , Balogun D.O. , Riskuwa M.L , Ibrahim A.D. , Adisa-Raji N.O. 
Published: February 2023

Viral infections contribute a larger percentage of all human cancers. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a type of herpes virus with no clinical manifestation in majority of individuals. However, when it occurs in adulthood, it causes benign lymph proliferative disease known as mononucleosis. This study investigated the molecular detection of EBV co-infection among HIV positive women attending some selected hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered on 80 consenting HIV positive women attending three selected hospitals in Sokoto to gather data on socio-demography and risk factors. Blood samples were aseptically collected by venipuncture from the HIV positive patients and EBV screening done using PCR analysis with primer +5' ACAACCACTCATGATGCCAC (Forward), 5' ACCGTGGTTCTGGACTATCT (Reverse) for Type 1 EBV (EBV-1) and primer +5' GGTAGCCTTAGGACATACTC (Forward), -5' TGGAGGGAGTCCTGTACTAT (Reverse) for Type 2 EBV (EBV-2). Result indicated that majority (63.75%) of the HIV positive women were in the age group of 21-30 years with EBV-1 having the highest occurrences of 60.7%. Co-infection of EBV among HIV positive women attending the selected hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria was established with EBV-1 having the highest prevalence and in subjects in polygamous relationships.
MiR 216b modulates cisplatin resistance and stem cell like features in breast cancer cells by targeting E2F4
Authors: Zhang Xiaoshen , Chen Lun 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To study the influence of miR-216b expression in breast cancer (BC), and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. Methods: Viability of BC cell lines was determined using CCK-8 as well as colony formation assays, while the abundance of mRNAs of key genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was utilized to measure protein expressions of E2F4 and stem cell markers. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase procedures were deployed to predict the targets of miR-216b on 3′-UTR of E2F4.
Results: MiR-216b was reduced in BC tissues and mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, relative to those in paracancerous tissue and normal breast cell line, MCF-10A (p < 0.05). Compared with miR-NC group, cell viability, median inhibitory concentration (IC50), and potential to form colonies in cisplatin-insensitive cell line MCF-7/DDP were reduced by miR-216b. Moreover, MiR-216b suppressed stem cell characteristics and decreased the expressions of ALDH1 and Oct-4 in BC cells. Inhibition of miR-216b resulted in significant increase in microsphere formation and expressions of ALDH1 and Oct-4, when compared with NC-inhibitor group. In addition, E2F transcription factor 4 (E2F4) was identified as the downstream gene of miR-216b. Knockdown of E2F4 annulled the influence of miR-216b on insensitivity to cisplatin and stem cell likeness of MCF-7/DDP.
Conclusion: MiR-216b induces increase in BC response to cisplatin and suppressed stem cell characteristics by regulating E2F4. This finding may be useful for developing strategies aimed at reversing cisplatin insensitivity in BC.
Salvianolic acid A exerts a protective effect against sodium laurate induced thromboangiitis obliterans in rats
Authors: Yu Chaowen , Tang Wenbo , Tao Yuan , Ren Tiancai , Chen Qiwei , Gao Yong 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To study the potential therapeutic effects of salvianolic acid A (Sal A) on thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO).
Methods: An in vitro model of TAO-mimicking endothelial cell damage was established by incubating ECV304 cells with H2O2. An in vivo model of TAO rats was developed via injection of sodium laurate. After treatment with varying doses of Sal A, TAO symptoms were monitored over time and compared. The effects of Sal A on oxidative stress, pyroptosis, inflammation, and thrombosis were assessed using biochemical assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and histopathology.
Results: Sal A significantly alleviated the inhibition of cell viability induced by H2O2 (p < 0.05). The H2O2-induced increases in levels of ROS, IL-1β, and IL-18 in ECV304 cells were significantly decreased by Sal A (p < 0.05). Moreover, Sal A alleviated TAO symptoms in rats. The enhanced levels of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and active Caspase-1 observed in TAO rats were reduced by Sal A in vivo (p < 0.05). Moreover, Sal A significantly reduced the size of thrombus in TAO rats. In addition, upregulated levels of ROS were significantly inhibited by Sal A (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Sal A exerts significant therapeutic effects on TAO. This provides mechanistic insights into the clinical effects of RSMA on TAO patients, which might be beneficial in the development of effective drugs against TAO in the future.
Therapeutic effect of the combination of eltrombopag and low dose hormone in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yan Chaoqi , Len Qing , Ji Zhen , Wu Yin , Ning Daohua , Zhang Lijun 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effect and side effects of early addition of small-dose eltrombopag in initial treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients with decreased platelet count and hormone reduction, and patients with persistent ITP.
Methods: Thirty ITP patients newly diagnosed with poor hormonal levels were recruited, along with 36 patients with persistent ITP. The ITP patients were given prednisone in combination with eltrombopag. Blood routine tests, blood pressure, blood sugar, liver and kidney function, and serum ion levels were monitored every two weeks. Adverse events were recorded at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after eltrombopag treatment.
Results: After treatment for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, there was obvious effectiveness in 45.0, 39.4, and 40.9 % of patients, respectively, while effectiveness was good in 22.7, 37.9, and 50 % of patients, respectively. Treatment was ineffective in 31.8, 22.7, and 9.1 % of patients, respectively. In the 8th week, 15 patients (22.7 %) had to use prednisone at a dose of more than 20 mg/day to keep their platelet level above 30 x 109/L, while 7 patients (10.6 %) stopped using prednisone completely. Moreover, 4 patients (6.1 %) had their platelet counts maintained above 30 x 109/L after stopping the use of eltrombopag for more than 2 weeks.
Conclusion: The combined use of eltrombopag and low-dose hormone is an effective treatment for ITP patients. It produces only a slight side effect, and it is affordable. A larger population study will be required to validate these findings of this new therapeutic option.
Erythropoietin exerts neuroprotective effect against hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice by activating AMPK pathway and upregulating UCP2
Authors: Bian Weini , Zhou Ling , Jia Yi , Wu Xinting , Meng Yuancui 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice, and the underlying mechanism(s) of action.
Methods: Sixty neonatal mice were assigned to 3 groups: sham, model and EPO intervention groups, each with 20 mice. Western blot assay was used to determine changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, UCP2 and KLF2. Fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated with flow cytometry.
Results: The protein expressions of AMPK and KLF2 in the cerebral tissues of EPO intervention mice were significantly up-regulated, relative to model mice (p < 0.05), while UCP2 protein level was also significantly higher in EPO intervention mice than in model mice (p < 0.05). Mean fluorescence intensity of ROS was significantly higher in the cerebral cortex of model mice than in sham mice, but it was down-regulated in the cerebral cortex of mice in EPO intervention group, relative to the model group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: EPO exerts neuroprotective effect by activating AMPK pathway, up-regulating protein expression of UCP2, inhibiting production of mitochondrial ROS, and reducing oxidative stress in brain tissue. Thus, EPO has potentials for use in clinical practice as a neuroprotective agent.
Intensionality and hyperintensionality
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Roughly speaking, the extension of an expression is what it picks out in our world: an object for a name, a set of objects for a predicate, and so on. Sometimes information about the extensions of terms is not enough to fully specify how those expressions contribute to the truth-value of sentences that they appear in. Many hold there is a further aspect of meaning, the intension of an expression. This is enough to at least determine the extension of an expression in any possible circumstance. Increasingly, theorists are recognizing distinctions between expressions that have the same extension in any possible worlds: these distinctions are known as hyperintensional distinctions.
A number of philosophical disagreements are framed in terms of these questions, in the philosophy of language and beyond. There are issues about whether we even need to go beyond extensional language for a theory of the world, and if we do so whether we need hyperintensional distinctions as well, and if so for what. There are also questions that arise about what framework we should employ for an intensional semantics, or a hyperintensional one.