bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
17. PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS FOLLOWING A DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Griffin M , Fentiman IS 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYMost breast cancer patients are not ill but have to cope with major life changes, in the knowledge that they have a potentially life‐threatening illness. Additionally they have to withstand multiple physical and psychological demands of local and systemic treatment. The role of the specialist breast care nurse is to reinforce information, discuss treatment options, and if the patient has further questions to arrange additional appointments with the appropriate member of the breast team. Approximately 20% of newly diagnosed patients will experience long‐term psychological problems, and those at greater risk are cases with a previous psychiatric history, lack of support and low expectations of the benefit of treatment, sometimes from a previous adverse experience with a family member. The breast care nurse is in a good position to identify those at risk and to advise on the benefits of surgery and breast reconstruction. Clarification of the benefits and side‐effects of other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also part of the breast care nurse's remit. Patients in need can receive support including coping strategies which will improve their psychological well‐being during the cancer journey.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
Authors: Olin JW 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYIntermittent claudication, the most common symptomatology of peripheral arterial disease, is characterised by lower‐extremity discomfort induced by exercise and relieved by rest. The most serious potential outcome of the condition is increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, with which it is often associated, thus prompt diagnosis and management are crucial. Therapy consists of structured exercise and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, followed by or together with pharmacological interventions with anticlaudicants (cilostazol or pentoxifylline) and specific antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel). Revascularisation procedures are indicated in those with limb‐threatening or lifestyle disabling disease.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL BRIDGE AND CORONARY ARTERY VASOSPASM
Authors: Sakuma M , Kamishirado H , Inoue T , Ichihara M , Takayanagi K , Hayashi T , Morooka S 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA 65‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction (Ml). Emergency coronary angiography showed no significant organic lesions, but a myocardial bridge was found at the mid‐left anterior descending artery. An acetylcholine provocation test revealed 90% spastic stenosis just proximal to the myocardial bridge. His acute Ml could have been caused by both a coronary spasm and the myocardial bridge.
TWELVE‐YEAR EXPERIENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF PARAGANGLIOMAS
Authors: Tormey WP , Fitzgerald RJ , Davis WG , Thompson CJ 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe report a 12‐year laboratory experience in the diagnosis of 37 patients with phaeochromocytoma, one with malignant paraganglioma and one with ganglioneuroblastoma. Surgery was performed in eight different hospitals, which underlines the difficulty of ensuring uniformity of investigations. Of the 37 with phaeochromocytoma, 15 were in the right adrenal gland, 12 were on the left, seven were bilateral and three were extra adrenal. Twenty‐three were male and 15 were female; the median age was 36 years. Four of five patients with von Hippel‐Lindau disease had bilateral adrenal tumours and four had neurofibromatosis. None had multiple endocrine neoplasia. Using essential hypertensive patients as a reference population, diagnostic sensitivity was 80% for noradrenaline, 54.4% for adrenaline, 19.1% for dopamine, 93.3% for total normetanephrine, 33.3% for total metanephrine, 78.7% for 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxymandelic acid (HMMA) and 23.5% for homovanillic acid (HVA). However, if each patient's results were taken as a package, the sensitivities were 100% for noradrenaline, 63.6% for adrenaline, 30.3% for dopamine and 89% for HMMA. Seven recent patients had gene analysis. There were six (15.4%) deaths due directly or indirectly to the paraganglioma. Postoperative blood pressures were normal in 74%. The decrement in catecholamine values post‐surgery is shown. Urinary noradrenaline values fell by a mean of 94.5% and the use of urinary noradrenaline as a tumour marker is also demonstrated.
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND EMERGING ROLES OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
Authors: Ranger G Singh 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe antidiuretic hormone (ADH) vasopressin is a simple peptide hormone with a number of complex, essential physiological actions. It is becoming clear that this hormone is developing an important therapeutic role in a number of different conditions. These include vasodilatory shock due to sepsis or cardiac surgery, cardiac arrest, and prolonged/excessive bleeding caused by, for example, variceal haemorrhage. This article reviews the physiology of ADH relevant to these actions and scrutinises the evidence for its therapeutic applications.
RIVASTIGMINE IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND CONCURRENT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Erkinjuntti T , Skoog I , Lane R , Andrews C 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYRivastigmine has demonstrated significant benefits in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to confirm whether rivastigmine was effective in patients with or without concurrent vascular risk factors (VRF), as previously suggested. We chose to stratify the 725 patients involved in an international dose‐ranging study according to the presence of arterial hypertension (a marker of VRF) at baseline. Efficacy in each subgroup was assessed using the ADAS‐cog, a measure of cognitive performance, the Progressive Deterioration Scale (PDS) and the Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change (CIBIC) with caregiver input. Patients receiving rivastigmine 6–12 mg/day showed better outcomes on the ADAS‐cog than those receiving placebo, in both the hypertensive and non‐hypertensive subgroups. Hypertensive patients receiving rivastigmine 6–12 mg/day also showed improvement over those receiving 1–4 mg/day (p=0.023). Rivastigmine 6–12 mg/day also provided better outcomes than placebo on the PDS in the hypertensive (p=0.031) and non‐hypertensive (p=0.035) subgroups. All patients receiving rivastigmine 6–12 mg/day had superior CIBIC‐plus scores than those receiving placebo. There was a trend for lower incidences of nausea and vomiting in rivastigmine‐treated patients with hypertension than in those without hypertension. No cardiac adverse events or drug‐drug interactions were reported. Our data support the hypothesis that rivastigmine provides benefits to patients with or without hypertension, and contribute to the evidence that particular benefits may be observed in those with vascular risk factors.
UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION RESULTING FROM AN ANTIEMETIC
Authors: Barclay GA , Giridharan W , Guntis E , Karagama Y , Williams RS 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYStridor and stertor can both be the cause of medical and surgical emergencies. The management of these conditions is largely dependent upon the underlying aetiology. This case report describes dystonia following prochlorperazine resulting in stridor and stertor.
CLINICAL GUIDELINES VERSUS CLINICAL PRACTICE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Armstrong MP , McDonough S , Baxter GD 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYTo date, there have been limited data on the implementation of evidenced‐based clinical guidelines for low back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to assess current management of LBP and evaluate to what extent clinical practice now reflects clinical guidelines. This survey involved the collection and analysis of data from the records of 200 patients who had been referred to a large teaching hospital with LBR Analysis indicated a high use of X‐rays, with little evidence of initial biopsychosocial assessment. The most popular treatments were advice, active exercises and McKenzie therapy. Manipulation was rarely used. Overall, a low use of electrotherapy was recorded. The results emphasise how little the clinical guidelines have influenced the decisions of clinicians, and highlight the need to address the barriers to adopting an evidence‐based approach in this area.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF BRUCELLOSIS: A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF 120 ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: Namiduru M , Gungor K , Dikensoy O , Baydar I , Ekinci E , Karaoglan I , Bekir NA 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThis prospective study was carried out in the department of infectious diseases of Gaziantep University between January 1997 and December 1999 to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of brucellosis in south‐eastern Turkey. One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with active brucellosis were enrolled. The commonest way of transmission was ingestion of milk products from diseased animals.Brucella melitensiswas isolated in the specimens of 31 (45.5%) of 68 patients. The commonest abnormalities on physical examination were fever (66.6%), hepatomegaly (63.3%) and splenomegaly (56.6%). Osteoarticular involvement was found in 34 patients (28.3%). Fifteen (12.5%) patients had ocular involvement. Hepatitis, orchiepididymitis, pulmonary involvement and meningitis were found in one (0.8%), four (6.8%), three (2.5%) and one (0.8) patient, respectively. The commonest haematological abnormalities were relative lymphomonocytosis (71.6%) and anaemia (36.6%). In conclusion, brucellosis continues to be a common health problem in communities where the consumption of unpasteurised dairy products is common. Since prevention is as important as early diagnosis in reducing the morbidity of brucellosis, we suggest that improving current health policies with additional educational programmes is essential.
NORMAL VALUES FOR INNER INTERCANTHAL, INTERPUPILLARY, AND OUTER INTERCANTHAL DISTANCES IN THE INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Gupta VP , Sodhi PK , Pandey RM 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to establish a set of normal values for inner intercanthal distance (IICD), interpupillary distance (IPD) and outer intercanthal distance (OICD) in a normal Indian population aged 3–80 years and to find whether the difference between the values of these parameters is statistically significant. We also aimed to compute a regression equation for calculating these. Two thousand five hundred clinically normal Indians were enrolled in the study. A millimeter scale was used to measure IPD and IICD. OICD was measured from the bar reading of Hertel's exophthalmometer. Statistical methods were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation values for these parameters. T‐test was applied to determine whether difference between the mean values for these parameters in both sexes was statistically significant or not. A regression equation was also computed to find the values for these parameters in both sexes. The IICD, IPD and OICD ranges for males were 20–36 mm, 46–70 mm and 76–105 mm, and for females 20–36 mm, 46–75 mm and 71–105 mm, respectively. The difference between the mean values for these parameters was statistically significant in some age groups but not in others. Gender did not usually influence the normal values for IICD, IPD and OICD in the Indian population. The normal values of these parameters were usually lower than those observed for other races. A knowledge of normal values in this population subgroup can help in studying orbito‐cranial growth patterns, syndrome diagnosis, surgical management of cranio‐facial deformities and trauma, and manufacture of spectacles.
INFLAMMATION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Gupta A , Pansari K 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAlzheimer's disease (AD) is classified mainly as a neurodegenerative disease. Recent research, however, has shown that inflammatory mechanisms are also associated with AD and that they could have a role in contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease. The evidence is based on histopathological brain studies, laboratory studies of peripheral inflammation and the fact that certain anti‐inflammatory drugs could modify the course of AD. There is wide scope for further research using anti‐inflammatory therapies in the prevention/treatment of AD, thereby reducing the burden of this widely prevalent condition in the community.
HOW TO USE PSA TO SCREEN FOR PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Little B , Young M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYProstate cancer screening of asymptomatic men is not recommended by the National Screening Council at present and is not encouraged in the NHS. A number of randomised controlled trials are under way to establish the place of routine screening of asymptomatic men. We report the possible practice of prostate cancer screening with reference to the appropriate age range for screening, how to screen for prostate cancer and how often, and what constitutes an abnormal result that would merit referral to a urologist for a prostate biopsy.
ABCIXIMAB AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE: USE IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION, ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gum PA , Lincoff AM 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAbciximab irreversibly binds to the glycoprotein llb/llla receptor on both activated and unactivated platelets inhibiting platelet aggregation. It has been studied in a variety of clinical settings including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, and non ST‐elevation acute coronary syndromes. Abciximab has been demonstrated to reduce acute ischaemic events in the setting of percutaneous intervention with both percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasy and stenting. It has been shown to be particularly effective when used in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI. The data for its effective use in the medical phase of therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes, however, is not as consistent. In this article we review the major trials evaluating the use of abciximab in these clinical scenarios compared with placebo and alternative glycoprotein llb/llla inhibitors.
NEOADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY IN ANORECTAL MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Üner A , Kilic D , Mentes BB , Egehan I , Dursun A 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPrimary anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare neoplasm that carries a poor prognosis with a high metastatic potential. A case of a 60‐year‐old male who was admitted to the emergency service with signs of colonic obstruction forced us to reconsider diagnostic and therapeutic implications in anorectal melanoma. Following urgent decompression with laparoscopic sigmoid loop colostomy, the patient was treated with preoperative radiotherapy and local excision. He has since been free of disease for 30 months. The previously published reports are reviewed and the current therapeutic options are discussed.
LATE COLONIC OBSTRUCTION AFTER BARIUM MEAL EXAMINATION IN A MYXOEDEMATOUS PATIENT
Authors: Kounis NG , Zavras GM , Papadaki PJ , Kouni SN , Batsolaki M , Gouvelou‐Deligianni GV , Mallioris CN , Artinopoulos CJ , Feretis A , Koutsojannis CM 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA case in which inspissated barium was retained and produced sigmoid obstruction after one year is described. The patient was elderly and myxoedematous. Prolonged retention of barium producing a bowel obstruction requiring surgery is a rare complication and, to our knowledge, is only the second case described in which the symptoms of obstruction appeared so late after the examination.
Deformation behaviors and fracture strength of β$\ubeta$‐Si3N4 single crystals
Authors: Tanabe Mami , Tatami Junichi , Iijima Motoyuki , Yahagi Tsukaho , Takahashi Takuma , Nakano Hiromi , Ohji Tatsuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the yield stress and fracture strength of ‐Si3N4 single crystals were directly measured by bending tests of microcantilever beam specimens that were prepared by a focused ion beam method. The ‐Si3N4 single crystals were plastically deformed at room temperature under high bending stress, and the yield stress depended on the crystal orientation. Transmission electron microscopy observation of the specimens after bending tests indicates that the plastic deformation resulted from dislocations in the primary slip system <0001>, and the critical resolved shear stress of this slip system determined from the yield stress was 1.34 GPa. The fracture strength of ‐Si3N4 single crystals ranged approximately up to 20 GPa, depending on the crystal orientation as with the yield stress. The fracture behavior of ‐Si3N4 single crystals was discussed in terms of the accumulation of dislocations.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of cutaneous vascular lesions: Morphological assessment and histopathological correlations
Authors: Cappilli S. , Suppa M. , Ricci C. , del Marmol V. , Peris K. , Di Stefani A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous vascular lesions (VLs) are benign or malignant processes involving blood and/or lymphatic vessels, usually readily diagnosed with dermoscopy. However, cases showing unclear clinical/dermoscopic findings may require further investigations. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new, non‐invasive imaging technique displaying high resolution and deep penetration. The aim of this study was to describe the LC‐OCT features of the most common benign and malignant VLs and to correlate them with histopathological substrates.MethodsClinical, dermoscopic, LC‐OCT and histopathological images of VLs were retrospectively collected. Detailed LC‐OCT description and histopathological correlations were produced for different types of VLs.ResultsThe study included 71 VLs belonging to 50 caucasian patients [31 (62%) females; median age 56.8 (30–83) years] study lesions included 25 cherry haemangiomas, 15 angiokeratomas, 10 thrombosed haemangiomas, six pyogenic granulomas, five venous lakes, four targetoid haemosiderotic haemangiomas, four Kaposi's sarcomas and two extraungual glomus tumours. LC‐OCT detected increased dermal vascularity, assuming different size and shape according to the particular type of VLs. LC‐OCT criteria correlated well to established histopathologic findings.ConclusionThe results of our preliminary observations indicate that in vivo evaluation with LC‐OCT may provide practical clues for the identification of the vascular nature of a lesion and its differential diagnosis.
The prevalence of anxiety disorders in dermatology outpatients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Storer B. , Kershaw K. A. , Braund T. A. , Chakouch C. , Coleshill M. J. , Haffar S. , Harvey S. , Newby J. , Sicouri G. , Murphy M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnxiety is common in those with medical conditions and has significant impacts on mental well‐being as well as physical health outcomes. While several systematic reviews have examined the prevalence of anxiety in specific dermatological conditions, no reviews have examined the prevalence across the entire dermatology outpatient setting. This systematic review aims to provide an overview to dermatologists of the prevalence of, and trends in, anxiety in their outpatient clinics. As such, prevalence of anxiety in dermatology outpatient clinics was examined, and variations across type of anxiety and dermatological conditions were assessed. A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO was conducted for studies that assessed anxiety prevalence in dermatology outpatients, with the last search conducted on 7 September 2022. Results underwent title/abstract and full‐text screening, followed by data extraction. Studies of patients 16 years and older and representative of dermatology clinics were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta‐analysis was conducted using CMA software, and subgroup analysis was conducted on relevant variables. 5423 studies were identified, and 32 included, with a total n = 12,812 participants. Under the random effects model, prevalence was estimated at 26.7% (95%CI 22.4–31.4; 95%PI 9.7–55.4). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence among studies of psoriasis patients than general dermatology studies. Estimates of prevalence were higher when assessed via self‐report screening than diagnostic interview. Anxiety occurred frequently among dermatology outpatients, especially psoriasis outpatients, at a higher rate than common estimates of prevalence in the general population. Given the effect of anxiety on patient outcomes and well‐being, dermatologists are encouraged to consider how anxiety may impact patients in their clinic, and how they can best identify patients with anxiety and subsequently support them.
Bleaching techniques impact on some quality parameters in two different cold‐pressed oils obtained at farm scale
Authors: Ferfuia Claudio , Zuliani Fabio , Piani Barbara , Costa Luisa Dalla , Corazzin Mirco , Turi Maurizio , Baldini Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe consumption of cold‐pressed oil, such as linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) oil has increased recently. In these oils obtained on the farm, a large number of components able to affect oil quality (mainly chlorophylls) are present. Given this, an experiment was conducted with the following aims: (1) to compare different bleaching methods by applying ultrasound waves and earths in cold‐pressed hempseed and linseed oils and (2) to evaluate the effect of different types (acid‐activated and natural) and amount (2% and 4%) of earths with different processing temperatures (60 and 80°C) in hempseed oil, utilizing a bleaching method with earths alone. Regarding the linseed oil, any bleaching methodologies adopted must not include ultrasound treatment, as the high temperatures reached determine high levels of oxidation to the detriment of the oil. Concerning the hemp oil, the natural earths, especially at farm level, should be preferred, because in addition to removing chlorophyll satisfactorily, when used at 4% even at the lowest temperature (60°C), an improvement of the stability and nutritional value (Vit. E) of the oil was observed.Practical applicationsThe use of ultrasound, applied together with bleaching earths, is considered an interesting and efficient bleaching method, in order to remove several pigments able to affect quality of many vegetable oils, with the exception of linseed oil. In fact, the use of ultrasound during the bleaching process determines a high oil temperature (120°C) and this, in an oil such as that of linseed characterized by a very high percentage (> 55%) of α‐linolenic acid, negatively affects the oil stability by the formation of high quantity of primary oxidation products, evidenced by very high peroxide values. In the bleaching activity carried out at farm level in particular, natural earths should be preferred to the acid‐activated ones. The latter, despite demonstrating an effective bleaching efficiency for few specific pigments, could increase the level of free fatty acids, reduce the antioxidant compounds (tocopherols) naturally present, and release undesirable contaminants in the oil.