bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Augusto Pellegrini, 1877–1958
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Bazzocchi Alberto , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Italian surgeon Augusto Pellegrini, whose name is partially associated with the medical eponym Pellegrini-Stieda disease.
Imaging of the Diabetic Foot
Authors: Garcia-Diez Ana Isabel , Tomas Batlle Xavier , Perissinotti Andrés , Isern-Kebschull Jaime , Del Amo Montserrat , Soler Juan Carlos , Bartolome Alvaro , Bencardino Jenny Teresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot complications are increasingly prevalent in the world, leading to significant morbidity and driving up associated health care costs. Complex pathophysiology and suboptimal specificity of current imaging modalities have made diagnosis challenging, mainly in the evaluation of superimposed foot infection to underlying arthropathy or other marrow lesions. Recent advances in radiology and nuclear medicine have the potential to streamline the assessment of diabetic foot complications. But we must be aware of the specific strengths and weaknesses of each modality, and their applications. This review offers a comprehensive approach to the spectrum of diabetic foot complications and their imaging appearances in conventional and advanced imaging studies, including optimal technical considerations for each technique. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are highlighted, illustrating their complementary role to conventional MRI, in particular their potential impact in avoiding additional studies.
Bone Stress Injuries at the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Jungmann Pia M. , Schaeffeler Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBone stress injuries (BSIs) are a frequent finding in athletes, particularly of the foot and ankle. A BSI is caused by recurring microtrauma to the cortical or trabecular bone exceeding the repair capacity of normal bone. The most frequent fractures at the ankle are low risk, characterized by a low risk for nonunion. These include the posteromedial tibia, the calcaneus, and the metatarsal diaphysis. High-risk stress fractures have a higher risk for nonunion and need more aggressive treatment. Examples are the medial malleolus, navicular bone, and the base of the second and fifth metatarsal bone.Imaging features depend on the primary involvement of cortical versus trabecular bone. Conventional radiographs may remain normal up to 2 to 3 weeks. For cortical bone, early signs of BSIs are a periosteal reaction or the “gray cortex sign,” followed by cortical thickening and fracture line depiction. In trabecular bone, a sclerotic dense line may be seen. Magnetic resonance imaging enables early detection of BSIs and can differentiate between a stress reaction and a fracture. We review typical anamnestic/clinical findings, epidemiology and risk factors, imaging characteristics, and findings at typical locations of BSIs at the foot and ankle that may help guide treatment strategy and patient recovery.
Don't Miss Me: Midfoot Sprains, A Point-of-Care Review
Authors: Koetser Inge C.J. , Espinosa Hernández Enrique A. , Kerkhoffs Prof. dr. Gino M.M.J. , Goedegebuure Simon , Smithuis Frank F. , Maas Prof. dr. Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAthletes practicing high-contact sports are exposed to an increased risk of midfoot injuries, namely midtarsal sprains. The complexity of reaching an accurate diagnosis is clearly depicted in the reported incidence of midtarsal sprains, ranging from 5% to 33% of ankle inversion injuries. Because the focus of the treating physician and physical therapist is on lateral stabilizing structures, midtarsal sprains are missed at initial evaluation in up to 41% of patients, with delayed treatment as a result.Detecting acute midtarsal sprains requires a high degree of clinical awareness. Radiologists must become familiar with the characteristic imaging findings of normal and pathologic midfoot anatomy to avoid adverse outcomes such as pain and instability. In this article we describe Chopart joint anatomy, mechanisms of midtarsal sprains, clinical importance, and key imaging findings with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging. A team effort is essential to provide optimal care for the injured athlete.
Metrology of infrared superconducting bolometers with a backshort
Authors: Rostem K. , Brown A. D. , Colazo Petit F. A. , Kent R. A. , Kutyrev A. S. , Lebair S. W. , Sharp E. H. , Wollack E. J. 
Published: May 2023

We present the detailed metrology of a superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) absorber-coupled bolometer array bonded to a variable-delay backshort to form an integral field unit. The backshort is shaped as a wedge to continuously vary the electrical phase delay of the bolometer absorber reflective termination across the array. This resonant absorber termination structure is used to define a spectral response over a 4:1 bandwidth in the far-infrared, from ∼30 to 120 μm. The metrology of the backshort-bolometer array hybrid was achieved with a laser confocal microscope and a compact cryogenic system that provides a well-defined thermal (radiative and conductive) environment for the hybrid when cooled to ∼10 K. The results show the backshort free-space delays do not change with cooling. The estimated backshort slope is 1.58 milli-radians and within 0.3% of the targeted value. The sources of error in the free-space delay of the hybrid and optical cryogenic metrology implementations are discussed in detail. We also present measurements of the bolometer’s single-crystal silicon membrane topography. The membranes deform and deflect out-of-plane under both warm and cold conditions. Intriguingly, the optically active area of the membranes tends to flatten when cold and repeatably achieve the same mechanical state over many thermal cycles; hence, no evidence for thermally-induced mechanical instability is observed. Most of the cold deformation is sourced from thermally-induced stress in the metallic layers comprising the TES element of the bolometer pixels. These results provide important considerations for the design of ultra-low-noise TES bolometers.
On the possible locus of the liquid–liquid critical point in real water from studies of supercooled water using the TIP4P/Ice model
Authors: Espinosa Jorge R. , Abascal Jose Luis F. , Sedano Lucia F. , Sanz Eduardo , Vega Carlos 
Published: May 2023

One of the most accepted hypothesis to explain the anomalous behavior of water is the presence of a critical point between two liquids, the liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP), buried within the deep supercooled regime. Unfortunately, such hypothesis is hard to be experimentally confirmed due to fast freezing. Here, we show that the TIP4P/Ice water potential shifted by 400 bar can reproduce with unprecedented accuracy the experimental isothermal compressibility of water and its liquid equation of state for a wide pressure and temperature range. We find, both by extrapolation of response function maxima and by a Maxwell construction, that the location of the model LLCP is consistent with previous calculations. According to the pressure shift needed to recover the experimental behavior of supercooled water, we estimate the experimental LLCP to be located around 1250 bar and 195 K. We use the model to estimate the ice nucleation rate (J) in the vicinity of the hypothesized LLCP experimental location and obtain J = 1024 m−3 s−1. Thereby, experiments where the ratio between the cooling rate and the sample volume is equal or larger than the estimated nucleation rate could probe liquid–liquid equilibrium before freezing. Such conditions are not accessible in common experiments with microdroplets cooled at a few kelvin per second, but they could be, for instance, using nanodroplets of around 50 nm radius observed in a millisecond timescale.
Social networking and cultural identity among language minority learners of Portuguese during study abroad
Authors: Han Lili , Lin Manlin , Wen Zhisheng (Edward) 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Research in intercultural communication studies has demonstrated that social networking (SN) can affect language minority learners’ cultural adaptation/identity process. Furthermore, internet usage preferences play an important role in the cultural adaptation of mobility groups. Drawing on these two lines of development, the current paper aims to further examine the role of SN in the home and host cultural adaptation/identity process of Chinese language-minority learners in Portugal. Through collecting and analyzing questionnaires focusing on three cultural identity dimensions, participants’ use of SN for academic purposes, and their cultural adaptation and language minority learning, we found that the affordances provided by SN contribute positively to enhancing both the host and the home cultural identity. Furthermore, the academic purpose of language use on SN indicated a positive relationship between the use of SN and cultural identity. The findings shed new light on factors that influence participants’ Portuguese language learning during study abroad.
Perceptual effects on the interpretation of English stops by Taiwan Mandarin speakers
Authors: Lü Mingchang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven relevant experimental evidence and language universals, this paper investigates the adaptation patterns of English stops in Taiwan Mandarin and argues in favor of the substantial existence of the perceptual phase in loanword adaptation, counter toParadis & Tremblay’s (2009)phonological view on a similar issue. The statistically based results from a corpus of established loanwords support the view that interpretation of foreign stops is largely conditioned by a handful of perceptual factors, i.e., syllable position, aspiration and voicing, sonority, and the masking effect of [s]. These effects serve as part of the perceptual cues and function with the structural constraints at the level of perception, which generates an underlying representation that awaits evaluation at the level of production.
Exploring the effects of audiovisual material and age in pragmatic learning
Authors: Barón Júlia , Muñoz Carmen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present study aims at analyzing the effects of pragmatic instruction through captioned audiovisual input on
pragmatic performance by learners of different ages. The participants were 40 intermediate English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
learners, 20 children and 20 adults, who were distributed into intervention and control groups. All participants received
pragmatic-focused instruction (on greetings and requests), and were engaged in class discussions to raise pragmatic awareness. In
the intervention group, pragmatic instruction was supported by captioned audiovisual material, whereas in the control group no
audiovisual material was used to support pragmatic instruction. To examine pragmatic performance, an Oral Discourse Completion
Test (ODCT) was administered at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period. Moreover, classroom observations were
carried out during class discussions. The findings suggest a benefit of captioned audiovisual input on pragmatic performance when
teaching pragmatics in the EFL classroom as well as differences in terms of pragmatic performance between child and adult
learners.
Prediction of brown tide algae using improved Gramian angular field and deep learning based on laser-induced fluorescence spectrum
Authors: Si Yu , Zhu Dandan , Chen Ying , Liu Junfei , Chen Ting , Dong Zhiyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of algal blooms has seriously affected the marine environment and human production activities. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the phytoplankton concentration in water bodies. In this study, a prediction method for brown tide algae using improved Gramian angular field (IGAF) and deep learning based on the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum was proposed. The method combined one-dimensional (1D) fluorescence spectrum with IGAF for image coding. The internal normalizing approach of the original Gramian angle field algorithm was upgraded from local to global, which can increase the difference between samples with various concentrations. Then, we established a novel technique that fully takes into account the Gramian angular difference field and Gramian angular summation field features, allowing it to control the main and sub-diagonal features and successfully convert 1D sequences into images by adding various weight factors. Using depthwise separable convolutional neural network to extract image features helps reduce model training parameters, paired with long short-term memory network to rapidly predict the concentration of brown tide. To confirm the actual performance of the given approach, ablation and contrast experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the method’s regression accuracy, R
2 was 97.8%, with the lowest mean square error and mean absolute error. This study investigated the transformation of 1D spectra into images using IGAF, which not only explored the application of the fluorescence spectrum image coding method for algal regression but also enabled the introduction of the potent benefits of deep learning image processing into the field of spectral analysis.
GEANT4-DNA simulation of temperature-dependent and pH-dependent yields of chemical radiolytic species
Authors: Bian Jingyi , Duran Juan , Shin Wook-Geun , Ramos-Méndez Jose , Sankey Jack C , Childress Lilian , Seuntjens Jan , Enger Shirin A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. GEANT4-DNA can simulate radiation chemical yield (G-value) for radiolytic species such as the hydrated electron (

e

aq

−

) with the independent reaction times (IRT) method, however, only at room temperature and neutral pH. This work aims to modify the GEANT4-DNA source code to enable the calculation of G-values for radiolytic species at different temperatures and pH values. Approach. In the GEANT4-DNA source code, values of chemical parameters such as reaction rate constant, diffusion coefficient, Onsager radius, and water density were replaced by corresponding temperature-dependent polynomials. The initial concentration of hydrogen ion (H+)/hydronium ion (H3O+) was scaled for a desired pH using the relationship pH = –log10 [H+]. To validate our modifications, two sets of simulations were performed. (A) A water cube with 1.0 km sides and a pH of 7 was irradiated with an isotropic electron source of 1 MeV. The end time was 1 μs. The temperatures varied from 25 °C to 150 °C. (B) The same setup as (A) was used, however, the temperature was set to 25 °C while the pH varied from 5 to 9. The results were compared with published experimental and simulated work. Main results. The IRT method in GEANT4-DNA was successfully modified to simulate G-values for radiolytic species at different temperatures and pH values. Our temperature-dependent results agreed with experimental data within 0.64%–9.79%, and with simulated data within 3.52%–12.47%. The pH-dependent results agreed well with experimental data within 0.52% to 3.19% except at a pH of 5 (15.99%) and with simulated data within 4.40%–5.53%. The uncertainties were below ±0.20%. Overall our results agreed better with experimental than simulation data. Significance. Modifications in the GEANT4-DNA code enabled the calculation of G-values for radiolytic species at different temperatures and pH values.
Ionization of sputtered material in high power impulse magnetron sputtering plasmas—comparison of titanium, chromium and aluminum
Authors: Held J , Schulz-von der Gathen V , von Keudell A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ionization of sputtered species in high power impulse magnetron sputtering of titanium, chromium, and aluminum targets is analyzed using Abel-inverted spectroscopic imaging to locate the position of ionization. From the spatial emission of neutrals, it is deduced that most of the sputtered titanium particles become ionized within 0.5 mm distance from the target, whereas sputtered aluminum or chromium can travel much further through the discharge before ionization occurs. Probe measurements reveal the reason for this difference to be the unusually high electron temperature of around 4.5 eV for titanium compared to 2.6 eV and 1.5 eV for aluminum and chromium as the target material, respectively. These probe measurements are then compared to a global model derived from the ionization region model. Excellent agreement between model and measurements can be reached, but only if the transport physics for the confinement of the species is adjusted. Using the model, the difference between the three discharges can be traced back to be mostly caused by the sputter yield. Thus, we propose that ionization in discharges with low-yield materials should generally be expected to occur closer to the target surface, leading the ions to be affected more strongly by the electric field across the magnetic trap region, resulting in a more severe deposition rate loss compared to high-yield materials.
Non-minimal coupling inflation and dark matter under the ℤ3 symmetry
Authors: Cheng Wei , Liu Xuewen , Zhou Ruiyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the cosmological inflation and dark matter (DM) in a unified way within a ℤ3 complex scalar model. The real and imaginary parts of the complex scalar act as the inflaton and DM respectively. The slow-rolling inflation with non-minimal coupling in both the metric and Palatini formalisms can be realized.
We examine the whole parameters space by fully considering the theoretical and experimental constraints.
We find that in the low-energy scale,
the DM relic density and the DM-nucleon direct scattering experiments favor the mixing angle |θ| ≲ 0.25, the DM mass mχ
≳ 80 GeV, and the mass of Higgs-like scalar mh

2 ≳ 300 GeV.
In the high-energy scale, after further considering the cosmological constraints of the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio for the two forms of inflation,
the scalar spectral indices are both ∼ 0.965, the non-minimum coupling coefficients are ∼ 104 and ∼ 109, and the tensor-to-scalar ratios are ∼ 10-3 and ≲ 10-11 respectively, which suggests that the inflation under the two formalisms can be distinguished by measuring the tensor-to-scalar ratio with higher precision.
Matching problems in biodiversity offset markets: a case study of the New South Wales biodiversity offsets scheme
Authors: Plott Charles , Stoneham Gary , Burfurd Ingrid , Perez Rogelio Canizales , Kovac Mladen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity offset credits in New South Wales are transacted within a regulatory environment defined by detailed trading rules and many different types of biodiversity credits that can lead to thin markets and high transaction costs. This paper describes a market designed to facilitate efficient and effective transactions. The market includes a search algorithm to identify who can exchange with whom, according to the regulatory constraints, and an online exchange tool to facilitate efficient price discovery and allocation of offset contracts.
A probabilistic framework for forecasting maize yield response to agricultural inputs with sub-seasonal climate predictions
Authors: Lacasa Josefina , Messina Carlos D , Ciampitti Ignacio A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Crop yield results from the complex interaction between genotype, management, and environment. While farmers have control over what genotype to plant and how to manage it, their decisions are often sub-optimal due to climate variability. Sub-seasonal climate predictions embrace the great potential to improve risk analysis and decision-making. However, adequate frameworks integrating future weather uncertainty to predict crop outcomes are lacking. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields are highly sensitive to weather anomalies, and very responsive to plant density (plants m−2). Thus, economic optimal plat density is conditional to the seasonal weather conditions and can be anticipated with seasonal prospects. The aims of this study were to (i) design a model that describes the yield-to-plant density relationship (herein termed as yield–density) as a function of weather variables, and provides probabilistic forecasts for the economic optimum plant density (EOPD), and (ii) analyze the model predictive performance and sources of uncertainty. We present a novel approach to enable decision-making in agriculture using sub-seasonal climate predictions and Bayesian modeling. This model may inform crop management recommendations and accounts for various sources of uncertainty. A Bayesian hierarchical shrinkage model was fitted to the response of maize yield–density trials performed during the 2010–2019 period across seven states in the United States, identifying the relative importance of key weather, crop, and soil variables. Tercile forecasts of precipitation and temperature from the International Research Institute were used to forecast EOPD before the start of the season. The variables with the greatest influence on the yield–density relationship were weather anomalies, especially those variables indicating months with above-normal temperatures. Improvements on climate forecasting may also improve forecasts on yield responses to management, as we found reduced bias and error (by a factor >10), and greater precision (e.g. R2 increased from 0.26 to 0.32) for cases where weather forecasts matched observations. This study may contribute to the development of decision-support tools that can trigger discussions between farmers and consultants about management strategies and their associated risks.
Exploring the emergence and changing dynamics of a new integrated rice-crawfish farming system in China
Authors: Wei Yanbing , Müller Daniel , Sun Zhanli , Lu Miao , Tang Huajun , Wu Wenbin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Crop-aquaculture systems are widely adopted around the world as they can provide high protein and energy outputs per unit of land and raise farm incomes, particularly for smallholder farmers. Recently, a new crop-aquaculture system, which combines rice production with crawfish breeding (integrated rice-crawfish farming), has emerged and rapidly expanded in China. However, the spatial extent and temporal dynamics of this integrated farming system largely remain unclear, which prohibits rigorous impact assessments to support its sustainable development. Here we use time series of Landsat satellite data, for the first time, to explore the emergence and the changing dynamics of this rice-crawfish farming system for the period of 2013–2021 in five provinces (805 600 km2) of China, where 90% of the global crawfish are produced. Our analysis reveals that the total area of rice-crawfish farming in these five provinces increased steadily from 0.11 Mha in 2013 to 0.70 Mha in 2019, then sharply contracted by a third in 2020 and rebounded in 2021. Spatially, rice-crawfish system is located primarily in low-elevation plain areas with abundant water resources, where paddy rice cultivation has traditionally dominated agriculture. More concentrated rice-crawfish distribution is observed in Jianghan Plain, and regions around Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake. The spatial distribution of rice-crawfish cultivation experienced considerable expansion towards the east and north from 2013 to 2021, with the largest expansion found in Jiangsu and Anhui after 2018. At the county level, over 6% of counties experienced notable area increases of more than 60 km2 from 2017 and 2019, but 20% of counties have decreased from 2019 to 2021. Among the converted land use types, irrigated cropland is the largest contributor to rice-crawfish expansion with a contribution of 56%, followed by water bodies (25%) and rainfed cropland (13%). The spatial and temporal information provided in this study helps to understand the evolution of rice-crawfish cultivation in China and facilitates more efficient management of land resources under the rapid development of this farming system.