bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optogenetic stimulation reveals a latent tipping point in cortical networks during ictogenesis
Authors: Graham Robert T , Parrish R Ryley , Alberio Laura , Johnson Emily L , Owens Laura , Trevelyan Andrew J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrain-state transitions are readily apparent from changes in brain rhythms,1 but are difficult to predict, suggestive that the underlying cause is latent to passive recording methods. Among the most important transitions, clinically, are the starts of seizures. We here show that an ‘active probing’ approach may have several important benefits for epileptic management, including by helping predict these transitions.We used mice expressing the optogenetic actuator, channelrhodopsin, in pyramidal cells, allowing this population to be stimulated in isolation. Intermittent stimulation at frequencies as low as 0.033 Hz (period = 30 s) delayed the onset of seizure-like events in an acute brain slice model of ictogenesis, but the effect was lost if stimulation was delivered at even lower frequencies (1/min). Notably, active probing additionally provides advance indication of when seizure-like activity is imminent, revealed by monitoring the postsynaptic response to stimulation. The postsynaptic response, recorded extracellularly, showed an all-or-nothing change in both amplitude and duration, a few hundred seconds before seizure-like activity began—a sufficient length of time to provide a helpful warning of an impending seizure. The change in the postsynaptic response then persisted for the remainder of the recording, indicative of a state change from a pre-epileptic to a pro-epileptic network. This occurred in parallel with a large increase in the stimulation-triggered Ca2+ entry into pyramidal dendrites, and a step increase in the number of evoked postsynaptic action potentials, both consistent with a reduction in the threshold for dendritic action potentials. In 0 Mg2+ bathing media, the reduced threshold was not associated with changes in glutamatergic synaptic function, nor of GABAergic release from either parvalbumin or somatostatin interneurons, but simulations indicate that the step change in the optogenetic response can instead arise from incremental increases in intracellular [Cl−]. The change in the response to stimulation was replicated by artificially raising intracellular [Cl−], using the optogenetic chloride pump, halorhodopsin. By contrast, increases in extracellular [K+] cannot account for the firing patterns in the response to stimulation, although this, and other cellular changes, may contribute to ictal initiation in other circumstances.We describe how these various cellular changes form a synergistic network of positive feedback mechanisms, which may explain the precipitous nature of seizure onset. This model of seizure initiation draws together several major lines of epilepsy research as well as providing an important proof-of-principle regarding the utility of open-loop brain stimulation for clinical management of the condition.
Three-Month Symptom Profiles Among Symptomatic Adults With Positive and Negative Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Tests: A Prospective Cohort Study From the INSPIRE Group
Authors: Spatz Erica S , Gottlieb Michael , Wisk Lauren E , Anderson Jill , Chang Anna Marie , Gentile Nicole L , Hill Mandy J , Huebinger Ryan M , Idris Ahamed H , Kinsman Jeremiah , Koo Katherine , Li Shu-Xia , McDonald Samuel , Plumb Ian D , Rodriguez Robert M , Saydah Sharon , Slovis Benjamin , Stephens Kari A , Unger Elizabeth R , Wang Ralph C , Yu Huihui , Hota Bala , Elmore Joann G , Weinstein Robert A , Venkatesh Arjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Long-term symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are a major concern, yet their prevalence is poorly understood.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study comparing adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection (coronavirus disease-positive [COVID+]) with adults who tested negative (COVID−), enrolled within 28 days of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved SARS-CoV-2 test result for active symptoms. Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (assessed with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Person Under Investigation Symptom List), and symptoms of post-infectious syndromes (ie, fatigue, sleep quality, muscle/joint pains, unrefreshing sleep, and dizziness/fainting, assessed with CDC Short Symptom Screener for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) were assessed at baseline and 3 months via electronic surveys sent via text or email.

Results
Among the first 1000 participants, 722 were COVID+ and 278 were COVID−. Mean age was 41.5 (SD 15.2); 66.3% were female, 13.4% were Black, and 15.3% were Hispanic. At baseline, SARS-CoV-2 symptoms were more common in the COVID+ group than the COVID− group. At 3 months, SARS-CoV-2 symptoms declined in both groups, although were more prevalent in the COVID+ group: upper respiratory symptoms/head/eyes/ears/nose/throat (HEENT; 37.3% vs 20.9%), constitutional (28.8% vs 19.4%), musculoskeletal (19.5% vs 14.7%), pulmonary (17.6% vs 12.2%), cardiovascular (10.0% vs 7.2%), and gastrointestinal (8.7% vs 8.3%); only 50.2% and 73.3% reported no symptoms at all. Symptoms of post-infectious syndromes were similarly prevalent among the COVID+ and COVID− groups at 3 months.

Conclusions
Approximately half of COVID+ participants, as compared with one-quarter of COVID− participants, had at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 symptom at 3 months, highlighting the need for future work to distinguish long COVID.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04610515.
Management of patients with electrical storm: an educational review
Authors: Dinov Borislav , Darma Angeliki , Nedios Sotirios , Hindricks Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrical storm (ES) is a medical emergency that is defined as ≥ 3 separate ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes causing ICD therapy within 24 h. Patients with ES have high risk for hospitalization, heart failure (HF) decompensation, in-hospital death. Furthermore, it is associated with significant anxiety and distress for the patients. Frequent triggers of ES are myocardial ischaemia, acute decompensation of HF, metabolic and electrolyte disorders, drug side-effects, increased sympathetic tone. Acute management of ES requires sedation, antiarrhythmic drugs and correction of the precipitating factors; although, in severe refractory cases, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and circulatory support might be necessary. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is superior than antiarrhythmic drugs to suppress the ES and is also frequently required to terminate the ES, as well as to achieve acute and long-term freedom of VT. Optimization of the ICD programming is crucial to reduce the burden of further appropriate and inappropriate shocks. Use of appropriate discrimination criteria and algorithms, ATPs and extending the detection times are important measures to reduce the burden of ES. In patients with end-stage HF, ES can be a sign of failing heart and can be refractory of treatment. In such cases, deactivation of the ICD therapy should be considered and discussed with patients and their care givers.
Fatal coronary artery spasm triggered before transseptal puncture for mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge-repair: a case report
Authors: Mo Yujing , Li Jie , Luo Jianfang , Dong Haojian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Transient ST-segment elevation or coronary artery spasm during transseptal catheterization has been previously described. Most cases were either reversible or asymptomatic.

Case summary
We present a case of severe multiple coronary artery spasms with advanced atrioventricular block and ventricular fibrillation during compression of the fossa ovalis by a sheath catheter, before the performance of the transseptal puncture procedure for mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge-repair.

Discussion
The mechanical effects of forward tension from transseptal puncture on the interatrial vagal network could be the most possible explanation for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Ballot or Bullet: The Impact of the UK’s Representation of the People Act on Peace and Prosperity
Authors: Marcucci Andrea , Rohner Dominic , Saia Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Does democracy curb domestic political violence? To study this, we focus on the United Kingdom’s Representation of the People Act of 1867—which is a critical juncture in the history of democratisation. Constructing a novel borough (‘urban centre’) level dataset on social conflict events and economic performance around the 1868 elections (the first elections where newly enfranchised citizens could vote), we exploit arguably exogenous variation in enfranchisement intensity. We find a strong and robust peace-promoting effect of franchise extension and identify as a major channel of transmission the increase of the population’s political influence (voice) and local economic growth.
Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: tools and approaches for molecular ecological studies
Authors: Kreth Jens , Merritt Justin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA more comprehensive understanding of oral diseases like caries and periodontitis is dependent on an intimate understanding of the microbial ecological processes that are responsible for disease development. With this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of relevant molecular ecology techniques that have played critical roles in the current understanding of human oral biofilm development, interspecies interactions, and microbiome biogeography. The primary focus is on relevant technologies and examples available in the oral microbiology literature. However, most, if not all, of the described technologies should be readily adaptable for studies of microbiomes from other mucosal sites in the body. Therefore, this review is intended to serve as a reference guide used by microbiome researchers as they inevitably transition into molecular mechanistic studies of the many significant phenotypes observed clinically.
Integrating Strategic Culture and the Operational Code in Foreign Policy Analysis
Authors: Eidenfalk Joakim , Doeser Fredrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to theoretical integration in foreign policy analysis, by integrating two explanatory concepts that have mainly been used separately, namely the strategic culture of elites and the operational code of individual decision-makers. The explanatory power of using both concepts is illustrated in a case study of Australian foreign policy regarding the multinational coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. The main argument is that strategic culture can provide a reasonable explanation for Australia's overall military engagement in the coalition. However, to explain Australia's approach to the coalition, strategic culture must be complemented with the operational code. The article suggests that the character of strategic culture can influence the opportunities for decision-makers to have an individual impact on foreign policy.
Determining Evidence for Family Caregiver Communication: Associating Communication Behaviors With Breakdown and Repair
Authors: Williams Kristine N , Coleman Carissa K , Hu Jinxiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Communication is fundamental for dementia care. The trouble source repair (TSR) framework can identify strategies that facilitate or impede communication in dyadic interactions.

Research Design and Methods
A secondary analysis of videos (N = 221) from a clinical trial of a family caregiver telehealth intervention was analyzed using sequential behavioral coding of communication behaviors and breakdowns for 53 caregiver and person with dementia dyads. Coded data from 3,642 30-s observations were analyzed using penalized regression for feature selection followed by Bayesian mixed-effects modeling to identify communication strategies associated with communication breakdown and repair.

Results
Breakdown (coded as 0) was associated with caregivers changing topic (median = −11.45, 95% credibility interval [CrI; −24.34, −4.37]), ignoring (median = −11.49, 95% CrI [−24.49, −4.72]), giving commands (median = −10.74, 95% CrI [−24.22, −3.38]), and taking over the task (median = −4.06, 95% CrI [−7.28, −1.77]). Successful repair of breakdown was associated with verbalizing understanding (median = 0.46, 95% CrI [0.09, 0.86]), tag questions, (median = 2.4, 95% CrI [0.33, 5.35]), and silence (median = 0.78, 95% CrI [0.42, 1.15]) and negatively associated with ignoring and changing topic (median = −3.63, 95% CrI [−4.81, −2.57] and −2.51 [−3.78, −1.33], respectively).

Discussion and Implications
The TSR was effective in identifying specific communication strategies to avoid (changing topic, ignoring, commands, and taking over the task) and to use to repair breakdown (verbalize understanding, tag questions, and silence). Future research is needed to test these strategies and explore the potential effects of dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics in additional samples. Behavioral coding provides evidence of communication best practices as a basis for family caregiver communication training.
The impact of COVID-19 misinformation and trust in institutions on preventive behaviors
Authors: Lee Stella Juhyun , Lee Chul-Joo , Hwang Hyunjung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Misinformation related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to suppress preventive behaviors that mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Early research on the behavioral consequences of COVID-19 misinformation is mixed, and most rely on cross-sectional data. We examined whether believing in COVID-19 misinformation at one time point influences engaging in preventive behaviors later. In addition, we investigated the role of trust in institutions. We conducted a two-wave survey in South Korea and examined the association between belief in COVID-19 misinformation at Wave 1 and preventive behaviors at Wave 2 controlling for preventive behaviors at Wave 1. We also analyzed whether there is an interaction between belief in COVID-19 misinformation and trust in institutions. Belief in COVID-19 misinformation at Wave 1 significantly increased avoidance of preventive behaviors at Wave 2, but after accounting for trust in institutions, this effect disappeared. Rather, trust in institutions significantly decreased avoidance of preventive behaviors. In addition, misinformation increased avoidance of preventive behaviors among those who trusted institutions the most. Results suggest that building trust in institutions is essential in promoting COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Belief in COVID-19 misinformation may have harmful effects, but these effects were pronounced for those who highly trust institutions.
Speaking to or for the world? Britain, presumed authority and world opinion at the start of the First World War
Authors: Monger David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Britain in 1914 was the world’s leading power, the only nation with global responsibilities and authority. However, this authority was presumed, and the First World War rapidly highlighted limits. Even before the country’s dependence on U.S. finance, British appeals to ‘world opinion’ suggest recognition that British authority no longer ordered world affairs. While speaking for the world by asserting world opinion, Britons also spoke to it, officiously demanding action and appealing to world, especially U.S., opinion. This article closely explores one collection featuring such appeals, arguing 1914 already reflected the transition from presumed pre-eminence to a time when Britain needed, and sought, the world’s help.
Assessment of the impacts of climate change on drought in an arid area using drought indices and Landsat remote sensing data
Authors: Derdour Abdessamed , Bouarfa Said , Kaid Noureddine , Baili Jamel , Al-Bahrani Mohammed , Menni Younes , Ahmad Hijaz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLocated in the arid climatic zone of Algeria, the region of Ain Sefra is a victim of climatic change, which faces several geographical, ecological, economic and even social problems. The present study investigated the relationships between various drought indices and the evolution of land use elements in Ain Sefra from 1977 to 2017 using the Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index. It was revealed that there is a considerable growth of sands estimated at 286.61% of the area, moving toward the north and northeast of the study area during the last decades. The combination of drought indices and remote sensing seems to be most promising, whose results are valuable tools for guidance and decision support to local and regional authorities.
MAD2B Blunts Chronic Unpredictable Stress and Corticosterone Stimulation–Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lan , Miao Cheng , Su Yanfang , Zhang Chun , Meng Xianfang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Depression is a prevalent and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Aberrant neural structure and activity play fundamental roles in the occurrence of depression. Mitotic arrest deficient protein (MAD2B) is highly expressed in neurons and may be implicated in synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. However, the effect of MAD2B in depression, as well as the related molecular mechanism, is uncertain.

Methods
Here, we employed mouse models of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress exposure or corticosterone (CORT) stimulation. Depression-like behaviors in mice were evaluated by sucrose preference, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. Hippocampal MAD2B overexpression was mediated by adeno-associated virus 8 containing enhanced green fluorescent protein. In vitro primary neuronal cells were obtained from the hippocampus of rat embryos and were treated with CORT, and MAD2B overexpression was performed using lentivirus. MAD2B and glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 (GRM4) levels were evaluated by western blots and quantitative PCR. Primary neuronal miR-29b-3p expression was detected by quantitative PCR.

Results
MAD2B expression was reduced in the hippocampus in mice exhibiting depressive-like behaviors. However, hippocampal MAD2B overexpression protected mice from developing either chronic unpredictable stress– or CORT-induced depression-like behaviors, an effect associated with reduced expression of GRM4, a presynaptic receptor involved in depression. Moreover, MAD2B overexpression in primary neuronal cells also decreased GRM4 expression while enhancing the level of miR-29b-3p; this phenomenon was also observed under CORT stimulation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest an important role of neuronal MAD2B in the pathogenesis of depression via the miR-29b-3p/GRM4 signaling pathway. MAD2B could be a potential therapeutic target for depressive disorders.
Associations Between Cognition and Serotonin 1B Receptor Availability in Healthy Volunteers: A [11C]AZ10419369 Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Tangen Ämma , Veldman Emma R , Svensson Jonas , Tiger Mikael , Nord Magdalena , Sorjonen Kimmo , Andersson Max , Plavén-Sigray Pontus , Varrone Andrea , Halldin Christer , Varnäs Katarina , Borg Jacqueline , Lundberg Johan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe serotonin system has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. All major psychiatric disorders are associated with cognitive impairment, but treatment improving cognitive deficits is lacking, partly due to limited understanding of the neurobiology of cognitive functioning. Several markers for the serotonin system have been associated with cognitive functions. Our research group previously has reported a positive correlation between serotonin (5-HT1B) receptor availability in the dorsal brainstem and visuospatial memory in a pilot study of healthy individuals. Here, we aim to replicate our previous finding in a larger group of healthy volunteers as well as to investigate putative associations between 5-HT1B receptor availability and other cognitive domains.MethodsForty-three healthy individuals were examined with positron emission tomography using the 5-HT1B receptor radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 and a visuospatial memory test to replicate our previous finding as well as tests of verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, reaction time, and planning ability to explore other domains potentially associated with the serotonin system.ResultsReplication analysis revealed no statistically significant association between 5-HT1B receptor availability in the dorsal brainstem and visuospatial memory performance. Exploratory analyses showed age-adjusted correlations between 5-HT1B receptor availability in whole brain gray matter and specific brain regions, and number of commission errors, reaction time, and planning ability.ConclusionsHigher 5-HT1B receptor availability was associated with more false-positive responses and faster reaction time but lower performance in planning and problem-solving. These results corroborate previous research supporting an important role of the serotonin system in impulsive behavior and planning ability.
Separate National Apologies, Transnational Injustices: Second World War Oppression, Anti-Japanese Persecution, and the Politics of Apology in Five Countries
Authors: James Matt , Fernández de Lara Harada Jessica , Izumi Masumi , Okamoto Monica , Stanger-Ross Jordan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the Second World War, several Allied countries oppressed Japanese diaspora groups (also known as Nikkei). The United States and Canada apologized in 1988; today, Brazil and Mexico face reparative demands for their persecution of Nikkei communities. There has been no integrated analysis of these interconnected injustices. This article offers a preliminary account, highlighting some of the key transnational factors involved. It also addresses the significant domestic bias of public discussions about the injustices, a bias that ignores the historical centrality of transnational forces in historical processes of anti-Asian oppression. We ask whether the possible spread of apology politics from the US and Canadian cases to Brazil, Mexico, and Australia might help to promote a new political awareness of the transnational character of the wartime oppression of Nikkei civilians in Allied countries. However, our analysis reveals that the politics of apology tends to promote domestic bias in public understandings of anti-Japanese racism. Indeed, to the extent that transnationality emerged in our cases, it was in the perverse form of “White civility” comparisons that chided countries in the Global South to emulate their allegedly more advanced apologetic counterparts from the North. Yet, there remain compelling reasons for domestic political apologies in our cases. The point is not to proscribe apologies but rather to understand their biases and, in the cases at hand, to use the spread of apology debates in our cases to promote a more widespread understanding of transnationality in the production of anti-Asian racism and White supremacy.