bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful peficitinib monotherapy for the new-onset skin manifestations of rheumatoid vasculitis after long-term treatment with tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Oba Yuki , Sawa Naoki , Ikuma Daisuke , Mizuno Hiroki , Inoue Noriko , Sekine Akinari , Hasegawa Eiko , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Yuko , Takasawa Yutaka , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) is a severe extra-articular systemic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its prevalence has been decreasing for decades because of improved early diagnosis of RA and advances in RA treatment, but it remains a life-threatening disease. The standard treatment for RV has been a glucocorticoid and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Biological agents, including antitumour necrosis factor inhibitors, are also recommended for refractory cases. However, there are no reports of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor use in RV. We experienced a case of an 85-year-old woman with a 57-year history of RA who had been treated with tocilizumab for 9 years after receiving three different biological agents over 2 years. Her RA seemed to be in remission in her joints, and her serum C-reactive protein had decreased to 0.0 mg/dL, but she developed multiple cutaneous leg ulcers associated with RV. Because of her advanced age, we changed her RA treatment from tocilizumab to the JAK inhibitor peficitinib in monotherapy, after which the ulcers improved within 6 months. This is the first report to indicate that peficitinib is a potential treatment option for RV that can be used in monotherapy without glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants.
Myasthenia gravis with inclusion body myositis: A case report
Authors: Kakutani Takuya , Yoshizawa Masaki 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the case of a 75-year-old man diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG) based on lower leg weakness and ptosis for the past 2 months before admission to our hospital. The patient was anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody–positive at admission. He was treated with pyridostigmine bromide and prednisolone, which improved the ptosis, but the lower leg muscle weakness remained. An additional lower leg magnetic resonance imaging examination suggested myositis. Inclusion body myositis (IBM) was diagnosed after a subsequent muscle biopsy. Although MG is often associated with inflammatory myopathy, IBM is rare. There is no effective treatment for IBM, but various treatment possibilities have recently been proposed. This case emphasises that myositis complications, including IBM, should be considered when elevated creatine kinase levels are observed and conventional treatments do not address chronic muscle weakness.
What Can Current Biomarker Data Tell Us About the Risks of Lung Cancer Posed by Heated Tobacco Products?
Authors: Braznell Sophie , Campbell John , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are marketed as less harmful alternatives to cigarettes, but the lung cancer risk of HTPs is unknown. In the absence of epidemiological data, assessing the risks of HTPs relies on biomarker data from clinical trials. This study examined existing biomarker data to determine what it tells us about the lung cancer risk posed by HTPs.

Aims and Methods
We identified all biomarkers of exposure and potential harm measured in HTP trials and evaluated their appropriateness based on ideal characteristics for measuring lung cancer risk and tobacco use. The effects of HTPs on the most appropriate biomarkers within cigarette smokers switched to HTPs and compared to continued cigarette smoking or cessation were synthesized.

Results
Sixteen out of eighty-two biomarkers (7 exposure and 9 potential harm) measured in HTP trials have been associated with tobacco use and lung cancer, dose-dependently correlated with smoking, modifiable upon cessation, measured within an appropriate timeframe, and had results published. Three of the exposure biomarkers significantly improved in smokers who switched to HTPs and were not significantly different from cessation. The remaining 13 biomarkers did not improve—in some instances worsening upon switching to HTPs—or were inconsistently affected across studies. There were no appropriate data to estimate the lung cancer risk of HTPs in non-smokers.

Conclusions
The appropriateness of existing biomarker data in assessing lung cancer risk of HTPs, both relative to cigarettes and their absolute risk, is limited. Furthermore, findings on the most appropriate biomarkers were conflicting across studies and largely showed no improvement following a switch to HTPs.

Implications
Biomarker data are fundamental to assessing the reduced risk potential of HTPs. Our evaluation suggests much of the existing biomarker data on HTPs is inappropriate for determining the risk of lung cancer posed by HTPs. In particular, there is a paucity of data on the absolute lung cancer risk of HTPs, which could be obtained from comparisons to smokers who quit and never smokers exposed to or using HTPs. There is an urgent need for further exploration of the lung cancer risks posed by HTPs, via clinical trials and, in the long-term, confirmation of these risks via epidemiological studies. However, careful consideration should be given to biomarker selection and study design to ensure both are appropriate and will provide valuable data.
The association between self-treatment and mental health among Swedish physicians
Authors: Jonsson P , Christiansen F , Brulin E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite a high prevalence of mental health problems among physicians, the rate of help-seeking behaviour is low. Instead, physicians tend to self-treat. This can have a negative impact on individual physicians and society.

Aims
The aim was to explore the relationship between self-rated depression, the use of psychotropic medication, and the extent of self-treatment across gender and hierarchical position among Swedish physicians. In addition, the aim was to investigate whether social support can buffer against self-treatment.

Methods
This study draws on data from the Longitudinal Occupational Health for Health Care in Sweden 2021 study, comprising a representative sample of physicians. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were carried out.

Results
The present study showed that approximately 60% of the physicians using narcotic or non-narcotic psychotropic medication were self-prescribing. Male and more senior physicians self-treated to a greater extent. Physicians without depression were self-treating to a greater extent than those with depression. Those who used non-narcotic psychotropic medication intermittently were more likely to self-treat than those who used these medications regularly. The frequency of use was insignificant in relation to self-treatment with narcotic psychotropic medication. No buffering effect from social support at work was found.

Conclusions
Self-treatment was common among physicians in Sweden, particularly among those who reported mild or no symptoms of depression. This may have negative long-term effects on an individual level and for Swedish health care at large.
Understanding the Relationship Between Antiviral Prescription Data and COVID-19 Incidence in New York City: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaul Christina M , Cohen Gabriel M , Silverstein Matthew , Wallach Andrew B , Diago-Navarro Elizabeth , Holzman Robert S , Foote Mary K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 675 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide [1]. While testing for COVID-19 was initially centered in health care facilities, with required reporting to health departments, it is increasingly being performed in the home with rapid antigen testing [2]. Most at-home tests are self-interpreted and not reported to a provider or health department, which could lead to delayed reporting or underreporting of cases [3]. As such, there is a strong possibility that reported cases may become a less reliable indicator of transmission over time.
Undiagnosed Cognitive Impairment and Impact on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Among People With HIV Infection in Primary Care
Authors: Lam Jennifer O , Hou Craig E , Gilsanz Paola , Lee Catherine , Lea Alexandra N , Satre Derek D , Silverberg Michael J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the prevalence of undiagnosed cognitive impairment and its impact on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among people with HIV (PWH) in primary care.

Methods
PWH were recruited from an integrated health care setting in the United States. PWH were eligible for recruitment if they were ≥50 years old, taking antiretroviral therapy (ie, ≥1 antiretroviral therapy [ART] prescription fill in the past year), and had no clinical diagnosis of dementia. Participants completed a cognitive screen (St. Louis University Mental Status exam) and a questionnaire on IADL (modified Lawton-Brody).

Results
Study participants (n = 47) were mostly male (85.1%), 51.1% White, 25.5% Black, 17.0% Hispanic, and the average age (SD) was 59.7 (7.0) years. Overall, 27 (57.5%) participants were categorized as cognitively normal, 17 (36.2%) as having mild cognitive impairment, and 3 (6.4%) as having possible dementia. Of the 20 participants with mild cognitive impairment or possible dementia, 85.0% were men, the average age (SD) was 60.4 (7.1) years; 45.0% were White, 40.0% were Black, 10.0% were Hispanic, and 30.0% reported difficulty with at least 1 IADL. Most (66.7%) attributed difficulty with IADL primarily (33.3%) or in part (33.3%) to cognitive problems.

Conclusions
Undiagnosed cognitive impairment is frequent among ART-treated PWH, with possible elevated risk among Black PWH, and may be accompanied by difficulty with IADL. Efforts are needed to optimize identification of factors contributing to cognitive and IADL difficulties among ART-treated PWH in primary care.
Adjuvant Olaparib for Germline BRCA Carriers With HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer: Evidence and Controversies
Authors: Morganti Stefania , Bychkovsky Brittany L , Poorvu Philip D , Garrido-Castro Ana C , Weiss Anna , Block Caroline C , Partridge Ann H , Curigliano Giuseppe , Tung Nadine M , Lin Nancy U , Garber Judy E , Tolaney Sara M , Lynce Filipa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the OlympiA study, 1 year of adjuvant olaparib significantly extended invasive disease-free survival and overall survival. The benefit was consistent across subgroups, and this regimen is now recommended after chemotherapy for germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCA1/2m) carriers with high-risk, HER2-negative early breast cancer. However, the integration of olaparib in the landscape of agents currently available in the post(neo)adjuvant setting—ie, pembrolizumab, abemaciclib, and capecitabine—is challenging, as there are no data suggesting how to select, sequence, and/or combine these therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, it is unclear how to best identify additional patients who could benefit from adjuvant olaparib beyond the original OlympiA criteria. Since it is unlikely that new clinical trials will answer these questions, recommendations for clinical practice can be made through indirect evidence. In this article, we review available data that could help guide treatment decisions for gBRCA1/2m carriers with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer.
The role of childhood left-behind experience on childhood trauma exposure and mental health outcomes: a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis
Authors: Duan Zhizhou , Feng Yi , Xu Shicun , Gao Desheng , Ji Yan , Sun Xi , Chen Runsen , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
China has a significant number of left-behind families. This study focuses on the long-term effects of childhood left-behind experience on different type of childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in later life development.

Methods
participants were 67 795 Chinese young adults. Psychosocial characteristics were screened by sleep quality, the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms, trauma screening questionnaire for post-traumatic stress, a short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for childhood trauma. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data.

Results
the results of the post-PSM analysis showed that the distributions of propensity scores for the two groups were approximately equal. And the total sample size in post-analysis dropped to 2358 (Nnuclear family = 1179, Nleft-behind family = 1179), with unmatched cases excluded. Post-matching results showed that the students from left-behind family were significantly associated with severer post-traumatic stress (b = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.62]), loneliness (b = 0.29, 95% CI = [0.16, 0.42]), depressive symptoms (b = 0.44, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.82]) and CTQ-physical neglect (b = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.58]).

Conclusion
our study showed that childhood left-behind experiences are tightly related to childhood trauma experience and mental health issues (post-traumatic stress, loneliness and depression) in late adolescents.
Age-Related Social Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Psychotic Disorders and Their First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Velthorst Eva , Socrates Adam ,   GROUP Investigators, Alizadeh Behrooz Z , van Amelsvoort Therese , Bartels-Velthuis Agna A , Bruggeman Richard , Cahn Wiepke , de Haan Lieuwe , Schirmbeck Frederike , Simons Claudia J P , van Os Jim , Fett Anne-Kathrin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Social cognitive impairment is a recognized feature of psychotic disorders. However, potential age-related differences in social cognitive impairment have rarely been studied.

Study Design
Data came from 905 individuals with a psychotic disorder, 966 unaffected siblings, and 544 never-psychotic controls aged 18–55 who participated in the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Multilevel linear models were fitted to study group main effects and the interaction between group and age on emotion perception and processing (EPP; degraded facial affect recognition) and theory of mind (ToM; hinting task) performance. Age-related differences in the association between socio-demographic and clinical factors, and EPP and ToM were also explored.

Study Results
Across groups, EPP performance was associated with age (β = −0.02, z = −7.60, 95% CI: −0.02, −0.01, P &lt; .001), with older participants performing worse than younger ones. A significant group-by-age interaction on ToM (X2(2) = 13.15, P = .001) indicated that older patients performed better than younger ones, while no age-related difference in performance was apparent among siblings and controls. In patients, the association between negative symptoms and ToM was stronger for younger than older patients (z = 2.16, P = .03).

Conclusions
The findings point to different age-related performance patterns on tests of 2 key social cognitive domains. ToM performance was better in older individuals, although this effect was only observed for patients. EPP was less accurate in older compared with younger individuals. These findings have implications with respect to when social cognitive training should be offered to patients.
Career Compromises and Dropout from Vocational Education and Training in Germany
Authors: Beckmann Janina , Wicht Alexandra , Siembab Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the relevance of career compromises (i.e., the discrepancy between the expected and the actually attained training position) to the decision to drop out of vocational education and training (VET), focusing on compromises in terms of social status and gender type. We pay particular attention to upward and downward compromises. Using longitudinal data on 7205 apprentices from the German National Educational Panel Study (Starting Cohort 4), the results of discrete event history models show that both dimensions of compromise are crucial to the decision to drop out of a first VET position. In particular, downward gender-type discrepancies increase the probability that female apprentices will drop out. These findings draw attention to the role of pre-entry VET policies, such as career counseling, in minimizing the incidence of career compromises.
Non-invasive detection of narcolepsy type I phenotypical features and disease progression by continuous home-cage monitoring of activity in two mouse models: the HCRT-KO and DTA model
Authors: Piilgaard Louise , Rose Laura , Justinussen Jessica L , Hviid Camille Gylling , Lemcke René , Wellendorph Petrine , Kornum Birgitte Rahbek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a neurological disorder caused by disruption of hypocretin (HCRT; or orexin) neurotransmission leading to fragmented sleep/wake states, excessive daytime sleepiness, and cataplexy (abrupt muscle atonia during wakefulness). Electroencephalography and electromyography (EEG/EMG) monitoring is the gold standard to assess NT1 phenotypical features in both humans and mice. Here, we evaluated the digital ventilated home-cage (DVC®) activity system as an alternative to detect NT1 features in two NT1 mouse models: the genetic HCRT-knockout (-KO) model, and the inducible HCRT neuron-ablation hcrt-tTA;TetO-DTA (DTA) model, including both sexes. NT1 mice exhibited an altered dark phase activity profile and increased state transitions, compared to the wild-type (WT) phenotype. An inability to sustain activity periods &gt;40 min represented a robust activity-based NT1 biomarker. These features were observable within the first weeks of HCRT neuron degeneration in DTA mice. We also created a nest-identification algorithm to differentiate between inactivity and activity, inside and outside the nest as a sleep and wake proxy, respectively, showing significant correlations with EEG/EMG-assessed sleep/wake behavior. Lastly, we tested the sensitivity of the activity system to detect behavioral changes in response to interventions such as repeated saline injection and chocolate. Surprisingly, daily consecutive saline injections significantly reduced activity and increased nest time of HCRT-WT mice. Chocolate increased total activity in all mice, and increased the frequency of short out-of-nest inactivity episodes in HCRT-KO mice. We conclude that the DVC® system provides a useful tool for non-invasive monitoring of NT1 phenotypical features, and has the potential to monitor drug effects in NT1 mice.
miR-486-5p Attenuates Steroid-Induced Adipogenesis and Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Via TBX2/P21 Axis
Authors: Chen Yu , Tang Boyu , Jiang Weiqian , Sun Mingjie , Zhang Hongrui , Tao Yuzhang , Wang Hongwei , Xiang Dulei , Bai Haobo , Guo Mingkang , Zhao Pei , Yan Wenlong , Huang Xiao , Chen Tingmei , Lian Chengjie , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Enhanced adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered as a major risk factor for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SOFNH). The role of microRNAs during this process has sparked interest. miR-486-5p expression was down-regulated significantly in femoral head bone tissues of both SONFH patients and rat models. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of miR-486-5p on MSCs adipogenesis and SONFH progression. The present study showed that miR-486-5p could significantly inhibit adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by suppressing mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). And upregulated expression of P21, which was caused by miR-486-5p mediated TBX2 decrease, was responsible for inhibited MCE. Further, miR-486-5p was demonstrated to effectively inhibit steroid-induced fat formation in the femoral head and prevented SONFH progression in a rat model. Considering the potent effects of miR-486-5p on attenuating adipogenesis, it seems to be a promising target for the treatment of SONFH.
The Bite of HOPE Small Food Business Development Program: a clinic-based culinary medicine program targeting local business owners
Authors: Raber Margaret , Brozovich Joseph , Le Thuan , Brown Asyjia , Saenz Tabbie , Caracostis Andrea , Basen-Engquist Karen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Culinary medicine is a popular approach to health promotion, but most programs focus on patient or provider-facing education. While laudable, these efforts do not represent the full potential for culinary medicine to impact community health. We describe a novel approach to culinary medicine at a federally qualified health center (FQHC), the HOPE Clinic: Bite of HOPE Small Food Business Development (SFBD) program. Describe the design and implementation of the Bite of HOPE SFBD program and examine initial response to the program through interviews and focus groups with past participants. The SFBD program aims to create healthy food outlets by supporting local small businesses with education, resources, and mentorship support. Former participants in the SFBD program were invited to participate in focus groups and interviews exploring their experience and perceived program impact. Three focus groups (n = 10) and nine in-depth interviews were conducted. Most participants were Black or Hispanic and all operated their businesses in the community surrounding HOPE Clinic. Five themes emerged from the data including perceived program purpose, program discovery, motivating factors to participation, perceived program impact, and suggestions for improvement. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the program and positive changes in both business development and personal eating habits. There is an opportunity to leverage the culinary medicine model to support local small food business and improve community health. The Bite of HOPE SFBD program offers an example of how clinic-based resources can expand into the surrounding environment.