bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported Outcomes and Disability Are Associated with Histological Disease Activity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the APOLLO Study
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Pouillon Lieven , Ballaux Florence , Jorissen Celine , Hoefkens Eveline , Lembrechts Nikki , Bossuyt Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Treating beyond endoscopic remission, aiming for histological remission, is an emerging target in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Patient-reported outcome measurements [PROMs] become increasingly important, but their association with histology is unclear.

Methods
Multiple PROMs were prospectively collected in UC patients undergoing colonoscopy. Mayo endoscopic sub-score [MES] and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity [UCEIS] were determined, as well as the Nancy histological index [NHI] of the most affected area. Endoscopic remission was defined as MES and UCEIS 0, histological remission as NHI 0, and histo-endoscopic mucosal remission [HEMR] as a combination of both.

Results
A total of 109 assessments were collected in 80 patients with endoscopic and HEMR remission rates of 24.8% and 16.5%, respectively. Patients with HEMR had a significantly lower overall inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] disability [p &lt;0.001] and disease activity score [p &lt;0.001] as compared with patients without. In line, NHI correlated with the overall IBD-disk [r = 0.36, p &lt;0.001] and simple clinical colitis activity index [SCCAI] score [r = 0.44, p &lt;0.001]. Many individual components of both differed significantly between patients with and without HEMR. Although the overall accuracy of the IBD-disk [0.78] or SCCAI score [0.83] for HEMR is lower [p &lt;0.005] than the MES or UCEIS [0.95], a cumulative IBD-disk score &gt;35.5 and an SSCAI score &gt;3.5 have a high negative predictive value [98.6% and 100.0%, respectively] to exclude HEMR.

Conclusion
Histo-endoscopic inactive disease is associated with reduced IBD disability, but not with complete absence thereof. PROMs for disability and clinical disease activity cannot fully replace histo-endoscopic findings, and should be considered complementary in patient-centred endpoint discussions. Nevertheless, PROMs have a high negative predictive value to rule out HEMR.
Against Future Generations
Authors: Humphreys Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Future generations are invoked in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and increasingly often in climate debate, as a locus of responsibility for present generations. In this article, I argue against this framing. I look at the historical context and rhetorical effects of a generational frame for both present and future generations, dwelling in particular on guiding conceptions of sacrifice and legacy as well as on the construction of future scenarios and the practice of future discounting. I conclude that the appeal to future generations obfuscates, rendering a series of critical boundaries diffuse, and, in doing so, abjures concrete urgent existing responsibilities towards those alive today in the same gesture that nominally assumes them for an abstract unformed future.
Professors’ gender biases in assessing applicants for professorships
Authors: Solga Heike , Rusconi Alessandra , Netz Nicolai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that women are more likely to be selected for professorships when they apply. This female advantage may be partly due to the widely promoted gender-equality policy of having a substantial female quota in selection committees. Yet, research has rarely considered whether male and female committee members evaluate applicants for professorships differently. We address this research gap based on a large factorial survey experiment with German university professors from different disciplines. We asked these professors to rate how qualified hypothetical applicants are for full professorships and the likelihood of inviting these applicants for a job interview. We find that female applicants have an modest advantage both in their perceived qualifications and in their likelihood of being invited—with no differences between the male and female professors assessing them. Importantly, however, the female advantage in invitation does not apply to highly qualified female applicants but only to female applicants with low and mediocre perceived qualifications—again, there is no difference between male and female professors. Moreover, our analyses do not indicate a Matilda effect, that is, we do not find a co-authorship penalty for female applicants.
Epigenetics and the exposome: DNA methylation as a proxy for health impacts of prenatal environmental exposures
Authors: Colwell Mathia L , Townsel Courtney , Petroff Rebekah L , Goodrich Jaclyn M , Dolinoy Dana C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The accumulation of everyday exposures can impact health across the life course, but our understanding of such exposures is impeded by our ability to delineate the relationship between an individual’s early-life exposome and later life health effects. Measuring the exposome is challenging. Exposure assessed at a given time point captures a snapshot of the exposome but does not represent the full spectrum of exposures across the life course. In addition, the assessment of early-life exposures and their effects is often further challenged by lack of relevant samples and the time gap between exposures and related health outcomes later in life. Epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation, has the potential to overcome these barriers as environmental epigenetic perturbances can be retained through time. In this review, we describe how DNA methylation can be framed in the world of the exposome. We offer three compelling examples of common environmental exposures, including cigarette smoke, the endocrine active compound bisphenol A, and the metal lead, to illustrate the application of DNA methylation as a proxy to measure the exposome. We discuss areas for future explorations and the current limitations of this approach. Epigenetic profiling is a promising and rapidly developing tool and field of study offering us a unique and powerful way to assess the early-life exposome and its effects across different life stages.
Sensitivities of diffracted PKKPab waves to the velocity structures in the lowermost mantle
Authors: Chen Yulin , Ni Sidao , Zhang Baolong , Zhao Li , Song Xiaodong , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARY
Diffractions of PKKPab (${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$) along the core mantle boundary (CMB) have been observed well beyond its cutoff distance in recent studies, making it useful for improving the spatial sampling to constrain the lowermost mantle velocity structures. However, the diffractions of PKKPab waves may occur at one of the three CMB interaction points (core entry, underside reflection and exit), giving rise to uncertainties of the sampling region. Moreover, the sensitivity kernels of the non-geometrical ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ in the lowermost mantle are difficult to obtain with classical ray theory and can be expected to be more complicated than the typical banana-doughnut shape for direct arrivals. In this study, we address these two issues by analysing the finite-frequency delay-time sensitivity kernels of the ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ waves computed by numerical algorithms based on full-wave theory. We find that the diffraction effects for the ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ waves are most significant near their core entry and exit regions. For a dominant period of 1 s, the estimated widths of the first Fresnel zones on the mantle side of these two areas are about 60 km. To further investigate the sensitivities of ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ to different structures in the lowermost mantle, we conduct a series of 1D and 2D high-frequency (∼1 Hz) modelling experiments. Our results show that the travel times and amplitudes of the ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ waves are sensitive to large-scale P-wave anomalies (with Vp perturbations of ± 2 per cent and thicknesses of more than 100 km) and small-scale ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs; with Vp reduction of 5 per cent or 10 per cent and thickness of tens of kilometers). However, the slownesses of the ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}\ $ waves remain nearly unchanged in the perturbed models. We explain this unexpected result by the differential delay-time sensitivity kernels for stations at similar epicentral distances. Our results demonstrate both the advantages and limitations of the ${\rm{PKKP}}_{{\rm{ab}}}^{{\rm{diff}}}$ waves in studying the structures at the base of the mantle.
Effect of intraoperative haemoadsorption therapy on cardiac surgery for active infective endocarditis with confirmedStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia
Authors: Haidari Zaki , Leiler Spela , Mamdooh Hazem , Fittkau Matthias , Boss Kristina , Tyczynski Bartosz , Thielmann Matthias , Bagaev Erik , El Gabry Mohamed , Wendt Daniel , Kribben Andreas , Bertsch Thomas , Ruhparwar Arjang , Fischlein Theodor , Kalisnik Jurij Matija 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESSepsis caused by infective endocarditis (IE), due to Staphylococcus aureus, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Blood purification using haemoadsorption (HA) may attenuate the inflammatory response. We investigated the effect of intraoperative HA on postoperative outcomes in S. aureus IE.METHODSPatients with confirmed S. aureus IE undergoing cardiac surgery were included in a dual-centre study between January 2015 and March 2022. Patients treated with intraoperative HA (HA group) were compared to patients not treated with HA (control group). The primary outcome was vasoactive-inotropic score within the first 72 h postoperatively and secondary outcomes were sepsis-related mortality (SEPSIS-3 definition) and overall mortality at 30 and 90 days.RESULTSNo differences in baseline characteristics were observed between groups (haemoadsorption group, n = 75, control group, n = 55). Significantly decreased vasoactive-inotropic score was observed in the haemoadsorption group at all time points [6 h: 6.0 (0–17) vs 17 (3–47), P = 0.0014; 12 h: 2 (0–8.3) vs 5.9 (0–37), P = 0.0138; 24 h: 0 (0–5) vs 4.9 (0–23), P = 0.0064; 48 h: 0 (0–2.1) vs 0.1 (0–13), P = 0.0192; 72 h: 0 (0) vs 0 (0–5), P = 0.0014]. Importantly, sepsis-related mortality (8.0% vs 22.8%, P = 0.02) and 30-day (17.3% vs 32.7%, P = 0.03) and 90-day overall mortality (21.3% vs 40%, P = 0.03) were also significantly lower with haemoadsorption.CONCLUSIONSIntraoperative HA during cardiac surgery for S. aureus IE was associated with significantly lower postoperative vasopressor and inotropic requirements and resulted in lower sepsis-related and overall 30- and 90-day mortality. In this high-risk population, improved postoperative haemodynamic stabilization by intraoperative HA appears to improve survival and should be further tested in future randomized trials.
Indocyanine green clearance predicts outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter valve intervention for severe atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation
Authors: Doldi Philipp Maximilian , Stolz Lukas , Buech Joscha , Saha Shekhar , Weckbach Ludwig , Gmeiner Jonas , Orban Martin , Braun Daniel , Stocker Thomas J , Nabauer Michael , Lange Christian M , Massberg Steffen , Hagl Christian , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESSevere mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) aggravate haemodynamic stress leading to congestive heart failure with impaired hepatic function, also known as cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS). Current perioperative risk calculators do not sufficiently consider CHS and serum liver function parameters lack sensitivity to diagnose CHS. Indocyanine green and its elimination (measured by the LIMON® test) represent a dynamic and non-invasive test which correlates with the hepatic function. Nevertheless, its utility in the setting of transcatheter valve repair/replacement (TVR) to predict CHS and outcome remains unknown.METHODSWe analysed liver function and outcomes of patients undergoing TVR for MR or TR between August 2020 and May 2021 at the Munich University Hospital.RESULTSOut of a total of 44 patients treated at the University Hospital of Munich, 21 (48%) were treated for severe MR, 20 (46%) for severe TR and 3 (7%) for both diseases. Procedural success defined as MR/TR ≤2+ was 94% among MR patients and 92% among TR patients. While classical serum liver function parameters did not change after TVR, there was a significant improvement in liver function as assessed by the LIMON® test (P ≤ 0.001). Patients with baseline indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate &lt;12.95%/min showed significantly increased 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.25, P = 0.027) and lower New York Hear Association class improvement (P = 0.05).CONCLUSIONSEspecially in the context of the recently stressed importance of a careful patient selection prior to the interdisciplinary treatment of valvular heart disease, the LIMON® test may provide further real-time information on the patients’ cardiohepatic injury and prognosis.
Liquid Legitimacy: Lessons on Military Violence from the Israeli Occupation in the West Bank
Authors: Gazit Nir , Grassiani Erella 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the past decades, militaries have increasingly used force against civilians and armed adversaries in operational settings other than war. Theories about legitimacy for the use of military force often focus on macro variables such as international law, government policy, and structural political contingencies. The strength of such theories in explaining military violence during conventional wars notwithstanding, this article argues that they fail to explain the legitimization of the use of force in situations that cannot be categorized as “classic” warfare, where institutional and international norms seem to fade, rational calculations become unclear, and governments often do not hold themselves accountable for soldiers’ violent behavior. When such conflicts linger, they often develop into situations in which sovereignty is fragmented and statehood is limited in ways that further undermine institutional legitimacy. Using the accounts of Israeli soldiers deployed in the occupied Palestinian territories in the last two decades, this article broadens the analytical perspective on military violence's legitimacy by depicting its micromechanisms and local factors. In doing so, it identifies three clusters of factors: emotions, space and time, and informal organizational culture. We posit that, during intense friction between soldiers and civilians in the context of prolonged occupation, the structural variables and formal powers that typically dictate the use of force give way to more fluctuating dynamics that shape the patterns of military violence and, ultimately, influence its legitimacy.
Iconoclasm, Speculative Realism, and Sympathetic Magic
Authors: Rich Sara A , Bartholomew Sarah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the current American iconoclash, certain monuments are subject to vandalism and municipal removal from their pedestals. Phrases such as “the erasure of history” and “damnatio memoriae” point to concerns that iconoclasm is an attempt to censor history or even remove certain individuals from public memory altogether. Because these phrases beckon the past, this wave of iconoclasm calls for a close examination of previous image-breaking to establish motives. Drawing first from art history, we analyze Byzantine iconoclasm and anxieties over the nature of icons’ power, before contextualizing these findings within image destruction from the Paleolithic to the present day. Each comparison is suggestive of an enduring aesthetic principle: that what appears inanimate is not always inert. Next, drawing from cultural anthropology, we argue that principles of sympathetic magic are at the heart of contemporary iconoclasms, but not in the way media outlets often suggest. Instead, the fear of history’s erasure betrays a deeply rooted equivalence between the representation and the represented. In perceiving their fates as shared, sympathetic magic is seen to persist in the way humans create, interpret, and desecrate images. We conclude with the speculative realist proposition that iconoclasm can produce new, original artworks, which carries implications for the autonomy of art and its distribution between artist and artwork.
Comb Cell Structure and Morphological Characteristics of the Chinese Honey Bee, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Under Successive Generations
Authors: Hu Xiaoling , Meng Qingxin , Zhi Dandan , Deng Shangkao , Zhao Wenzheng , Tian Yakai , Gong Xueyang , Dong Kun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the changes in comb cell structure and external morphological characteristics of the Chinese honey bee under ten successive generations to determine the optimal time to replace the old combs. Accordingly, ten Chinese honey bee experimental colonies were established, and natural combs were constructed for continuous rearing of workers for 1–10 generations. The brood comb thickness, brood cell structure, birth weight, and morphological characteristics of workers were determined. Pearson correlation analyses between brood comb structure and morphological characteristics of workers were carried out. The results revealed that under ten successive generations, the color of the brood comb deepens from white or light yellow to brown and finally to black. Also, concerning the brood cell shape, the cell base changes from the three-rhomboid structure to the hemisphere, and the cell body changes from the hexagonal prism structure to the cylinder. The brood cell depth increases with an increase in brood comb thickness. The cell volume reduces with the hexagonal cell’s decreasing inner circumference side length, and diameter. A smaller cell volume leads to a decrease in the birth weight and body size of the worker, in addition, the Chinese honey bee has gnawed off the comb cells that have been cultivated for eight generations. This study suggests that the combs of Chinese honey bees should be replaced after eight generations to improve colony strength and production performance.
Baseline Susceptibility and Evidence of Resistance to Acetamiprid in Gill’s Mealybug, Ferrisia gilli Gullan (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Bansal Raman , Hunter Wayne B , Haviland David R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gill’s mealybug, Ferrisia gilli (Gullan) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a major pest of pistachio in California. Insecticide treatment is the primary control method and acetamiprid is widely used to control this pest. However, there have been numerous reports of control failures for F. gilli after field applications of recommended insecticides in recent years. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for routine monitoring of F. gilli susceptibility and quantify current levels of F. gilli susceptibility to acetamiprid. A leaf-dip bioassay method using lima bean leaves was established and baseline susceptibility responses of 5 field populations were determined. Lethal concentrations to kill 50% of population (LC50) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 0.367 to 2.398 µg(AI)ml−1 of acetamiprid. Similarly, lethal concentrations to kill 90% of population (LC90) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 2.887 to 10.752 µg(AI)ml−1 of acetamiprid. The F. gilli population collected from Hanford area showed up to 6.5-fold significantly decreased mortality to acetamiprid compared to other populations. The resistance identified in this study, although relatively low, indicates that there has been repeated pressure to select for acetamiprid resistance and resistance levels can further magnify if effective management steps are not taken. The baseline susceptibility established in this study can be used to investigate potential cause of recent acetamiprid failures against F. gilli. In the long-term, results of this study will support the development of resistance management strategies by monitoring shifts in the susceptibility of F. gilli populations.
Detection ofBartonella quintana(Hyphomicrobiales: Bartonellaceae) Among Day Laborers in Osaka, Japan, 2009–2010
Authors: Sasaki Toshinori , Matsuoka Mayumi , Sawabe Kyoko , Isawa Haruhiko , Shibayama Keigo , Kobayashi Mutsuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBartonella quintana is a gram-negative bacterium causing trench fever, an illness historically acquired by soldiers during World War I. More recently, outbreaks of trench fever have been reported in those experiencing homelessness in the United States, France, Russia, and Tokyo, as well as in children in Nepal and persons in Ethiopia. Reports of B. quintana infection outside of Tokyo are rare in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine body lice and blood obtained from people staying in shelters in Osaka (2009–2010) for B. quintana via polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Day laborers were defined as homeless individuals and shelter residents in this study. We detected genes of B. quintana in body lice by PCR and antibodies against B. quintana. The positive rate of B. quintana genes was 6/10 (60%) in body lice and the seroprevalence (IgG) of B. quintana was 4/10 (40%). This demonstrates that trench fever was endemic in people staying in shelters in Osaka in 2009–2010.
Measuring economic mobility in India using noisy data: a partial identification approach
Authors: Li Hao , Millimet Daniel L , Roychowdhury Punarjit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine economic mobility in India while accounting for misclassification to better understand the welfare effects of the rise in inequality. To proceed, we extend recently developed methods on the partial identification of transition matrices. Allowing for modest misclassification, we find overall mobility has been remarkably low: at least 65% of poor households remained poor or at-risk of being poor between 2005 and 2012. We also find Muslims, lower caste groups, and rural households are in a more disadvantageous position compared to Hindus, upper caste groups, and urban households. These findings cast doubt on the conventional wisdom that marginalized households in India are catching up.
Network self-exciting point processes to measure health impacts of COVID-19
Authors: Giudici Paolo , Pagnottoni Paolo , Spelta Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe assessment of the health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic requires the consideration of mobility networks. To this aim, we propose to augment spatio-temporal point process models with mobility network covariates. We show how the resulting model can be employed to predict contagion patterns and to help in important decisions such as the distribution of vaccines. The application of the proposed methodology to 27 European countries shows that human mobility, along with vaccine doses and government policies, are significant predictors of the number of new COVID-19 reported infections and are therefore key variables for decision-making.