bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of organizational status on employment‐related corporate social responsibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity approach
Authors: Tian Tanya Y. , King Brayden G , Smith Edward B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the effect of organizational status on employment‐related corporate social responsibility (CSR). As employees derive nonpecuniary benefits from both organizational status and employment‐related CSR, lower status firms may invest in nonpecuniary employment‐related CSR to compete in a status‐segmented labor market. We identify the effect using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) in the context of the Fortune 1000 rankings, as we contend that the 500th rank position marks an artificial breakpoint in status where quality follows a smooth distribution. We find that firms just failing to make the Fortune 500 perform significantly better in nonpecuniary employment‐related CSR. Our findings provide causal evidence for the labor market advantage of organizational status and a richer window into the strategic motivations behind CSR investments.Managerial SummaryWe examine one strategic investment that lower status firms make to compete in a status‐segmented labor market: employment‐based corporate social responsibility (CSR). We identify the effect using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) in the context of the Fortune 1000 rankings, as we argue that the 500th rank position creates a discontinuity in status at a precise location where quality differences can be assumed to follow a smooth distribution. We find that firms just failing to make it into the Fortune 500 perform significantly better in nonpecuniary employment‐related CSR as compared to firms just in the Fortune 500. The findings demonstrate that building a reputation for being socially responsible may offset differences in status and make a lower status organization more appealing to employees.
Nanofluidic Aptamer Nanoarray to Enable Stochastic Capture of Single Proteins at Normal Concentrations
Authors: Yang Jinbin , Kamai Hiroki , Wang Yong , Xu Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle‐molecule experiments allow understanding of the diversity, stochasticity, and heterogeneity of molecular behaviors and properties hidden by conventional ensemble‐averaged measurements. They hence have great importance and significant impacts in a wide range of fields. Despite significant advances in single‐molecule experiments at ultralow concentrations, the capture of single molecules in solution at normal concentrations within natural biomolecular processes remains a formidable challenge. Here, a high‐density, well‐defined nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray (NANa) formed via site‐specific self‐assembly of well‐designed aptamer molecules in nanochannels with nano‐in‐nano gold nanopatterns is presented. The nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray exhibits a high capability to specifically capture target proteins (e.g., platelet‐derived growth factor BB; PDGF‐BB) to form uniform protein nanoarrays under optimized nanofluidic conditions. Owing to these fundamental features, the nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray enables the stochastic capture of single PDGF‐BB molecules at a normal concentration from a sample with an ultrasmall volume equivalent to a single cell by following Poisson statistics, forming a readily addressable single‐protein nanoarray. This approach offers a methodology and device to surpass both the concentration and volume limits of single‐protein capture in most conventional methodologies of single‐molecule experiments, thus opening an avenue to explore the behavior of individual biomolecules in a manner close to their natural forms, which remains largely unexplored to date.
Magnetic Field‐Assisted Interface Embedding Strategy to Construct 2D/3D Composite Structure for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 24%
Authors: Liu Yue , Gao Yanbo , Bao Xinyu , Zhang Fujun , Xu Zehua , Hu Junhua , Shi Zhifeng , Lu Min , Wu Zhennan , Zhang Yu , Wang Dingdi , Yu William W. , Bai Xue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on 2D/3D composite structure have shown enormous potential to combine high efficiency of 3D perovskite with high stability of 2D perovskite. However, there are still substantial non‐radiative losses produced from trap states at grain boundaries or on the surface of conventional 2D/3D composite structure perovskite film, which limits device performance and stability. In this work, a multifunctional magnetic field‐assisted interfacial embedding strategy is developed to construct 2D/3D composite structure. The composite structure not only improves crystallinity and passivates defects of perovskite layer, but also can efficiently promote vertical hole transport and provide lateral barrier effect. Meanwhile, the composite structure also forms a good surface and internal encapsulation of 3D perovskite to inhibit water diffusion. As a result, the multifunctional effect effectively improves open‐circuit voltage and fill factor, reaching maximum values of 1.246 V and 81.36%, respectively, and finally achieves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.21%. The unencapsulated devices also demonstrate highly improved long‐term stability and humidity stability. Furthermore, an augmented performance of 21.23% is achieved, which is the highest PCE of flexible device based on 2D/3D composite perovskite films coupled with the best mechanical stability due to the 2D/3D alternating structure.
A 4D‐Printing Inverse Design Strategy for Micromachines with Customized Shape‐Morphing
Authors: Wang Jingang , Zhang Yuzhao , Zheng Jianchen , Zhao Xiubao , Guo Hongji , Qiu Ye , Wang Xiaoduo , Liu Lianqing , Yu Haibo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn active heterostructure with smart‐response material used as “muscle” and inactive material as “skeleton” can deform over time to respond to external stimuli. 4D printing integrated with two‐photon polymerization technology and smart material allows the material or characteristic distribution of active heterostructures to be defined directly at the microscale, providing a huge programmable space. However, the high degree of design freedom and the microscale pose a challenge to the construction of micromachines with customized shape morphing. Here, a reverse design strategy based on multi‐material stepwise 4D printing is proposed to guide the structural design of biomimetic micromachines. Inspired by the piecewise constant curvature model of soft robot, a reverse design algorithm based on the Timoshenko model is developed. The algorithm can approximate 2D features to a constant‐curvature model and determine an acceptable material distribution within the explored printing range. Three Chinese “Long” (Chinese dragon heralds of good fortune) designed by the strategy can deform to the customized shape. In addition, a microcrawler printed using this method can imitate a real inchworm gait. These results demonstrate that this method can be an efficient tool for the action or shape design of bionic soft microrobots or micromachines with predetermined functions.
The Unbearable Darkness of Being and a Toolkit for How We Forge It: Comparative Biases
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Doliński Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany areas of science deal with “appropriate” behaviors, estimations, and feelings. In this chapter we will describe several different concepts in (social) psychology focusing on inappropriate, misleading, and inaccurate estimations (e.g., totalitarian ego, distortions of memories; illusion of control in uncontrollable situations; illusions of well-being, inflated self-worth; egotism).Our main interests are two concepts we describe in detail: better than average (inflated confidence in one’s own worth) and unrealistic optimism (the expectation that positive events will happen to us while negative to others). These two theories are especially interesting due to the fact that we employ them during great threats and moments of crisis. In a later chapter, we present these illusions as crucial factors in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
How Did We Forge a Bearable Reality in COVID-19? Biases in Social Comparative Judgments in a Time of Pervasive Threat
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Doliński Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we present a very special form of social illusions: unrealistic pessimism (the expectation that negative events will happen to us in comparison to others who will be less affected by negative events like earthquakes or radioactive pollution). On that basis, we were interested in which illusions, which are associated with appearing in the moment of crisis, will appear during the eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic: that is, unrealistic optimism or pessimism (I perceive myself as less or more threatened than others) and the better-than-average effect.It turned out that unrealistic optimism was present from the very beginning and did not disappear even when our respondents were delivered clear data (e.g., number of casualties, the rapid growth of cases) showing that all societies around the world were in great danger.In this chapter we also present global studies showing how widespread this phenomenon is.Interestingly, in our studies the better-than-average effect was also present in many countries: respondents perceived themselves as more involved in actions preventing COVID-19 infection whilst others were less involved.
Time to Worry? Comparative Biases and Health-Related Behaviors in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Doliński Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven that unrealistic optimism and the better-than-average effect were especially strong during COVID-19, one might ask about the results of these illusions: while being especially helpful in fear, stress, and anxiety reduction (unrealistic optimism) and maintaining high self-perception (better than average), it is possible that these illusions are helpful in health prevention.In this chapter we show that unrealistic optimism in particular backfires in the long run: people are not safeguarding their health and instead are exposing themselves to even greater dangers.In light of this, we are moving toward the goal of this book: focusing attention on biased perceptions of the social world during (upcoming) pandemics. These perceptions may persevere much longer and lead to the deaths of more people due to the widespread social virus of inaccurate judgments of risks stemming from global health risks.
Time to Bother! Longitudinal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (and Others Too): Why Dismantling Social Cognition Biases Is Absolutely Crucial to Save Not Only Lives
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Doliński Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe are closing this book by presenting a wider perspective, which is crucial in fighting pandemics. For us psychologists, professionals interested in protecting well-being, as well as for our colleagues, medical professionals oriented toward safeguarding one’s life, it is unbelievably hard to see that some people are proposing not managing COVID-19 and future pandemics. Simply and terribly put, these people are proposing letting vulnerable people die without putting much effort into prevention (like vaccines and massive vaccination) and developing effective cures.In this chapter we will present less obvious impacts on us and future generations. From this perspective we try to show that the social psychology perspective of biased perception of the social world may prevent these terrible longitudinal consequences from appearing.
A Bio-inspired and Altruistic-Based Framework to Support Collaborative Healing in a Smart Manufacturing Shop-Floor
Authors: Estrada-Jimenez Luis A. , Kalateh Sepideh , Hojjati Sanaz Nikghadam , Barata Jose 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiologicalisation defines the analysis of biological patterns as a source of inspiration to model intelligent manufacturing systems. Due to their inherent adaptability, these design representations are highly desirable considering the increasing complexity of modeling current manufacturing solutions. Contributing to the idea of self-organizing and autonomous shop floors, we present a framework that aims to support the collaborative healing of manufacturing resources. This has been inspired on the altruistic behavior of bats in which social care is demonstrated (e.g., in bat colonies) even at the cost of individuals’ fitness/health. These ideas are conceptually showcased in an emergent automation manufacturing application, i.e., peer-to-peer energy sharing in automated guided vehicles. Some conclusions, and potential future research are discussed at the end of the paper.
Effective field theory of the two Higgs doublet model
Authors: Banta Ian , Cohen Timothy , Craig Nathaniel , Lu Xiaochuan , Sutherland Dave 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe revisit the effective field theory of the two Higgs doublet model at tree level. The introduction of a novel basis in the UV theory allows us to derive matching coefficients in the effective description that resum important contributions from the Higgs vacuum expectation value. The new basis typically provides a significantly better approximation of the full theory prediction than the traditional approach that utilizes the Higgs basis, particularly for alignment away from the decoupling limit.
Two dimensional wave-Klein–Gordon equations with a below-critical nonlinearity
Authors: Dong Shijie , Wyatt Zoe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the small data global existence and pointwise decay of solutions to two systems of coupled wave-Klein–Gordon equations in two spatial dimensions. In particular, we consider critical (in the sense of time decay) semilinear nonlinearities for the wave equation and below-critical semilinear nonlinearities for the Klein–Gordon equation, a situation that has not been studied before in the context of coupled wave and Klein–Gordon equations. An interesting feature of our two systems is that the below-critical nonlinearity causes the Klein–Gordon field to lose its linear behaviour close to the light cone, even though it enjoys optimal time decay.
Combining age, sex, body mass index, sport level, and preoperative quadriceps strength improves the predictive ability of quadriceps strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ueda Yuya , Matsushita Takehiko , Shibata Yohei , Takiguchi Kohei , Ono Kumiko , Kida Akihiro , Nishida Kyohei , Nagai Kanto , Hoshino Yuichi , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Sakai Yoshitada , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the predictive ability of each independent predictor with that of a combination of predictors for quadriceps strength recovery one year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsPatients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts were enrolled. Quadriceps strength, hamstring strength, and anterior tibial translation were measured, and the limb symmetry index (LSI) of the quadriceps and the hamstrings was calculated preoperatively and one year after surgery. Patients were classified into two groups according to the LSI of the quadriceps strength at one year postoperatively (≥ 80% or < 80%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the independent predictors of quadriceps strength recovery, and the cut‐off value was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. A model assessing predictive ability of the combination of independent predictors was created, and the area under the curve (AUC) for each independent predictor was calculated by using the receiver‐operating characteristic curves and the DeLong method.ResultsOf the 646 patients, 414 (64.1%) had an LSI of at least 80% for quadriceps strength one year after surgery, and 232 patients (35.9%) had an LSI of < 80%. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), preinjury sport level, and LSI of preoperative quadriceps strength were independently associated with quadriceps strength recovery one year after ACL reconstruction. The cut‐off values were age: 22.5 years; sex: female; BMI: 24.3 kg/m2; preinjury sport level: no sport; and LSI of preoperative quadriceps strength: 63.3%. The AUC of the model assessing the predictive ability of the combination of age, sex, BMI, preinjury sport level, and LSI of preoperative quadriceps strength was significantly higher (0.73) than that of similar factors of preoperative quadriceps strength (AUC: 0.63, 0.53, 0.56, 0.61, and 0.68, p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe combination of age, sex, BMI, preinjury sport level, and LSI of preoperative quadriceps strength had a superior predictive ability for quadriceps strength recovery at one year after ACL reconstruction than these predictors alone. Multiple factors, including patient characteristics and preoperative quadriceps strength, should be considered when planning rehabilitation programs to improve quadriceps strength recovery after ACL reconstruction.Level of evidenceIII.
OR-1896 increases force of contraction in the isolated human atrium
Authors: Rayo-Abella Lina M. , Grundig Peter , Bernhardt Max N. , Hofmann Britt , Neumann Joachim , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
OR-1896 ((R)-N-(4-(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide) is the main active metabolite of levosimendan. However, nobody has reported a positive inotropic effect of OR-1896 in isolated human cardiac preparations. The mechanism of action of OR-1896 remains controversial. Hence, we wanted to know whether OR-1896 exerts a positive inotropic effect in humans and what might be the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we measured the contractile effects of OR-1896 (0.01–10 µM cumulatively applied) in isolated electrically stimulated (1 Hz) human right atrial preparations (HAP) obtained during cardiac surgery. OR-1896, given alone, exerted time- and concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects; 1-µM OR-1896 increased force by 72 ± 14.7% (p < 0.05, n = 6) and shortened the time of relaxation by 10.6 ± 3.6% (p < 0.05, n = 11) in HAP started at 0.1 µM, plateaued at 1-µM OR-1896, and was antagonized by 1-µM propranolol. The maximum positive inotropic effect of OR-1896 in human right atrial preparations was less than that of 10-µM isoprenaline. EMD 57033 (10 µM), a calcium sensitizer, enhanced the force of contraction further in the additional presence of 1-µM OR-1896 by 109 ± 19% (p < 0.05, n = 4). Cilostamide (10 µM), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III given before OR-1896 (1 µM), blocked the positive inotropic effect of OR-1896 in HAP. Our data suggest that OR-1896 is, indeed, a positive inotropic agent in the human heart. OR-1896 acts as a PDE III inhibitor. OR-1896 is unlikely to act as a calcium sensitizer in the human heart.
Analysis of the N-glycosylation profiles of the spike proteins from the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Dongxia , Baudys Jakub , Osman Sarah H. , Barr John R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractN-Glycosylation plays an important role in the structure and function of membrane and secreted proteins. Viral proteins used in cell entry are often extensively glycosylated to assist in protein folding, provide stability, and shield the virus from immune recognition by its host (described as a “glycan shield”). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is a prime example, having 22 potential sites of N-glycosylation per protein protomer, as predicted from the primary sequence. In this report, we conducted mass spectrometric analysis of the N-glycosylation profiles of recombinant spike proteins derived from four common SARS-CoV-2 variants classified as Variant of Concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta along with D614G variant spike as a control. Our data reveal that the amino acid substitutions and deletions between variants impact the abundance and type of glycans on glycosylation sites of the spike protein. Some of the N-glycosylation sequons in S show differences between SARS-CoV-2 variants in the distribution of glycan forms. In comparison with our previously reported site-specific glycan analysis on the S-D614G and its ancestral protein, glycan types on later variants showed high similarity on the site-specific glycan content to S-D614G. Additionally, we applied multiple digestion methods on each sample, and confirmed the results for individual glycosylation sites from different experiment conditions to improve the identification and quantification of glycopeptides. Detailed site-specific glycan analysis of a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants provides useful information toward the understanding of the role of protein glycosylation on viral protein structure and function and development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.
Flexible visual learning in nectar-foraging hornets
Authors: Lacombrade Mathilde , Doblas-Bajo Monica , Rocher Naïs , Tourrain Zoé , Navarro Emmanuel , Lubat Christian , Vogelweith Fanny , Thiéry Denis , Lihoreau Mathieu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pollinators, such as bees, develop flexible memories of colors, patterns, and shapes, for efficient flower recognition. Here we tested whether other flower-foraging insects have evolved similar cognitive abilities underpinning flexible visual learning. We trained wild hornets from two species commonly found in Europe, the invasive yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) and the European hornet (Vespa crabro), to associate sucrose solution rewards to color stimuli in a Y-maze. Hornets from both species succeeded in differential and reversal learning and developed short-term memories of the learnt associations. Thus, just like bees, hornets can learn various visual cue-reward associations and remember them for at least 1 h for selecting flowers. Our study in non-model species illustrates how standard conditioning approaches can be used to explore and compare the cognitive abilities of animals sharing similar foraging ecologies.

Significance statement
Bees can learn an impressive diversity of visual cues to recognize the best rewarding flowers. This can be studied using Y-maze in which individual insects must learn to associate visual stimuli to the presence or absence of nectar rewards. Here, using the same approach, we show that hornets are also capable of these associations. We compared the learning abilities of hornets from two common species in Europe and found that they could similarly learn to discriminate two colors and keep this information in memory for at least 1 h. Hornets thus evolved visual cognition facilitating robust flower foraging, like bees and many other pollinators.
Hydrogen defects in feldspars: alkali-supported dehydrogenation of sanidine
Authors: Behrens Harald 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the first two papers of this series [Behrens, Phys Chem Minerals 48:8, 2021a; Behrens, Phys Chem Minerals 48:27, 2021b], incorporation of hydrogen in the feldspar structure, partitioning of hydrogen between feldspars and gases/fluids and self-diffusion of hydrogen in feldspars have been discussed, with particular focus on sanidine. Here, the results of reactions between sanidine containing strongly bonded hydrogen defects and (Na,K)Cl are presented. Experiments were performed at ambient pressure at temperatures of 605–1000 °C, and hydrogen profiles were measured by IR microspectroscopy. Profiles can be interpreted by an incomplete dehydrogenation at the crystal surface or a strong concentration dependence of hydrogen diffusivity. Both are consistent with hydrogen located on interstitial sites and difficult to substitute by the larger alkali ions. Chemical diffusivities of hydrogen derived from fitting of the profiles or Boltzmann–Matano analysis are similar to self-diffusivities determined by D/H exchange experiments. Activation energies are also comparable. Comparison to sodium and potassium diffusion data for sanidine (Wilangowski et al. in Defect Diffus Forum 363: 79–84, 2015; Hergemöller et al. in Phys Chem Minerals 44:345–351, 2017) supports a mechanism of proton diffusion charge-compensated by Na+ diffusion for hydrogen removal in the sanidines under dry conditions.