bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Article: Interpretation of Multi-lateral Treaties: The Purposive Approach and Multiple Parties Through the Lens of the UK Courts
Authors: Brown H. , Jackson G. 
Published: February 2023

In this article the authors consider how to interpret the multilateral provisions in relation to tax administration such as the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and the Mandatory Disclosure Regime, the pace of adoption of which continues to accelerate. They discuss whether the pre-existing framework provided by the Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties is either adequate or appropriate in its application to the interpretation of such multi-later instruments. In light of this analysis the authors consider what principles of interpretation are found in case law and whether the principles ennunciated in Fowler v. Revenue and Customs Commissioners [2021] 1 All ER 97, could be used to remedy any deficiency in the Vienna Rules. This includes an examination of the dangers of the use of commentary in the interpretation of multi-later instrument and the importance of principles that allow the interpretative tradition of the relevant jurisdiction to override commentary. Having examined these difficulties and the inadequacies in the modern interpretive code, they propose methods of approach to ease the interpretative issues created by multi-lateral instruments, including the possibility of an internal code of interpretation for such multi-lateral instruments.
Treaty interpretation, multilateral, BEPS, CRS, MDR, OECD, purposive interpretation, Vienna Convention, tax treaties, double taxation.
Educação, democracia e desigualdades: A experiência educacional discente numa escola de Lauro de Freitas no primeiro ano pandêmico (2020)
Authors: Ferreira Rubens , Escobar de Oliveira Merilyn 
Published: February 2023

Existe um debate em curso no Brasil sobre o impacto da pandemia do novo coronavírus na educação brasileira. A crise institucional e política que girou em torno da existência do vírus nos primeiros meses da pandemia proporcionou uma ambiência nacional de conflito entre os governos federal, estadual e municipal, o que resultou num comportamento institucional assimétrico no setor educacional, em todo o país, no que tange à dialética educação e doença. A presente pesquisa propõe-se a analisar a experiência de implementação do ensino não presencial (remoto emergencial) em uma escola municipal baiana no primeiro ano pandêmico (2020), a partir de dois eixos: os desafios educacionais proporcionados pela pandemia do novo coronavírus e as especificidades do corpo discente no processo de aprendizagem no primeiro ano pandêmico. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as disputas políticas em torno da pandemia da covid-19 impactaram negativamente o setor educacional, causando um desequilíbrio institucional nas ações da secretaria e unidade escolar. A experiência educacional discente ficou prejudicada devido ao aumento das desigualdades no município e dificuldades educacionais ligadas à tecnologia.
Experimental Insight Into the Fair Process Effect and Its Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ansems Lisa , van den Bos Kees , Mak Elaine 
Published: February 2023

Experimental Insight Into the Fair Process Effect and Its Boundary Conditions
The perception of being treated fairly during decision-making processes is an important topic in the research literature on law and society. Many studies have indeed found that perceived procedural justice affects people’s reactions, for instance, by increasing their trust in legal authorities and lowering their intentions to protest against these authorities’ decisions. Here, we reveal support for this fair process effect and point to some of its potential boundary conditions. In our experimental study, 239 participants imagined being the defendant during a single-judge criminal court hearing that used either a fair or an unfair procedure. Following the experience of a fair as opposed to an unfair procedure, participants showed more trust in judges and were less inclined to protest against the judicial ruling. Interestingly, the effect of the procedure manipulation on trust in judges was moderated by the extent to which participants attributed their case outcomes to external causes. We found a fair process effect among participants with relatively low external attribution ratings, while this effect attenuated and was not statistically significant among participants whose external attribution ratings were relatively high. These findings point to the possibility that attributional processes can moderate people’s responses to procedural justice in legally relevant contexts.
Productaansprakelijkheid in het digitale tijdperk
Authors: Wassink J. , Loos M.B.M. 
Published: February 2023

Productaansprakelijkheid in het digitale tijdperk. De Richtlijn productaansprakelijkheid bij de tijd gebracht
Op 28 september 2022 heeft de Europese Commissie een voorstel gedaan tot herziening van de Richtlijn productaansprakelijkheid. Het richtlijnvoorstel beoogt de bestaande richtlijn bij de tijd te brengen, onder meer door expliciet te maken dat software een product is dat onder de regeling valt, en door onder omstandigheden ook degene die een ingrijpende bewerking van de zaak uitvoert, en het online platform waar een product op is besteld, als fabrikant aan te merken. In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs in op de belangrijkste wijzigingen die het richtlijnvoorstel met zich zal brengen en bespreken zij of die wijzigingen in de praktijk tot verbeteringen zal leiden. Aan het slot gaan de auteurs kort in op het aanpalende voorstel voor een richtlijn op het terrein van het aansprakelijkheidsrecht voor kunstmatige intelligentie. Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad inzake aansprakelijkheid voor producten met gebreken, COM(2022)495 final. Voorstel voor een Richtlijn van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende de aanpassing van de regels inzake niet-contractuele civielrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid aan artificiële intelligentie (AI), COM(2022)496 final.
Contant geld: hoe rechters omgaan met een witwasvermoeden en de verklaring van verdachte
Authors: Regtering R.A. 
Published: February 2023

Contant geld: hoe rechters omgaan met een witwasvermoeden en de verklaring van verdachte
Contant geld is het meest gebruikte instrument om geld wit te wassen en wordt regelmatig aangetroffen. Vaak is niet bekend uit welk misdrijf dit contante geld afkomstig is. Toch kan de rechter tot een veroordeling voor witwassen komen in zo’n geval. Er moet dan allereerst sprake zijn van een witwasvermoeden. Bij een gerechtvaardigd witwasvermoeden mag vervolgens een concrete, verifieerbare verklaring van de verdachte worden verlangd voor de herkomst van het contante geld. Maar welke omstandigheden hebben invloed op de totstandkoming van zo’n witwasvermoeden? En wanneer is een verklaring over contant geld voldoende concreet en verifieerbaar? Deze vragen staan centraal in dit artikel.
De voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing bij hoge transacties: een rechtsvergelijking met de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk
Authors: Oldhoff P.H. 
Published: February 2023

De voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing bij hoge transacties: een rechtsvergelijking met de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk
Het ‘Conceptwetsvoorstel naar aanleiding van de evaluatie van de Wet OM-afdoening’ introduceert onder andere een rechterlijke toetsing bij voorgenomen hoge transacties. Aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met de transactiepraktijken in de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Frankrijk zet dit artikel uiteen hoe de voorgestelde rechterlijke toetsing zich verhoudt tot haar internationale tegenhangers.
Tussen plan en aanpak. Over het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen
Authors: Ipenburg D.C. 
Published: February 2023

Tussen plan en aanpak. Over het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen
Bespreking van het wetsvoorstel Wet plan van aanpak witwassen, dat in oktober 2022 bij de Tweede Kamer is ingediend. Het voorstel bevat maatregelen om witwaspraktijken effectiever te bestrijden. Eerdere versies van het voorstel konden rekenen op fundamentele bezwaren. Deze bezwaren hielden vooral verband met de gezamenlijke monitoring van banktransacties. Een kernvraag in dit artikel is in hoeverre de regering aan deze bezwaren tegemoet is gekomen.
La equidad educativa: Un análisis teórico conceptual desde el contexto de la educación superior
Authors: Ochoa Cervantez Dani Oved 
Published: February 2023

Este ensayo académico tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis teórico conceptual de la equidad educativa en el contexto de la educación superior, para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo un análisis de la literatura existente sobre el tema, en primer lugar, se muestra algunos datos estadísticos que muestran los problemas que se continúan presentando en este contexto, en segundo lugar, se muestran dos teorías que abordan la equidad educativa y se lleva a cabo una discusión critica entre ambas y luego se discute el concepto de igualdad y equidad, en un tercer momento, se plantean las categorías de análisis que son incluidas en las discusiones teóricas en torno al análisis de la equidad educativa, es decir, qué aspectos se deben incluir para su evaluación, finalmente, en las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre la noción de equidad educativa y las implicaciones para su aplicación en el contexto de la educación superior.
Las relaciones públicas en la comunicación de la Guardia Civil durante la COVID-19
Authors: Carreton-Ballester Carmen , Lorenzo-Solá Francisco 
Published: February 2023

La COVID-19 copó contenidos informativos en los medios de comunicación y evidenció la necesidad de una comunicación responsable desde todas las esferas de la sociedad. Este estudio persigue describir las relaciones de la Guardia Civil (GC) con los diferentes públicos, como agente activo y prescriptor formal en la gestión de la pandemia. Para ello, se analiza la comunicación estratégica descrita en sus memorias de responsabilidad social y se realiza un análisis de contenido de las 198 noticias aparecidas en los diarios El País y El Mundo a lo largo de las seis olas. Los resultados indican una segmentación de públicos en las memorias (conducta relacional motivacional), frente al enfoque general e informativo en los medios de comunicación, a excepción de los jóvenes. Aunque la presencia de la GC en los medios disminuye durante el 2020, mantienen los medios que más confianza generan a la población (tradicionales y digitales) y registra un aumento de seguidores en Twitter y TikTok. Las noticias con enfoques informativos se refieren a restricciones, mientras que las motivacionales se centran en comunicar las medidas para salvaguardar la salud.
Validation of the Turkish Version of the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT): A Health Related Quality Of Life Questionnaire for Non-Metastatic Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Karakok Hilayda , Bostancı Seher , Akay Bengü Nisa , Caliskan Deniz , Ateş Can , Kose Serdal Kenan 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Skin cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide that has increased in incidence. Quality of life (QoL) instruments have been developed to measure the efficacy of treatments of cancers.
Objectives: The only validated tool that can be used in both nonmetastatic skin cancer types is the SCQOLIT. This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Skin Cancer Quality of Life Impact Tool (SCQOLIT).
Methods: A total of 141 patients diagnosed and treated for skin cancer within the previous 3 months were included. The tool was translated into Turkish in accordance with International Translation Guidelines. The Dermatology Quality of Life Index that was used for external validation. Patient demographics were recorded.
Results: Question 3 had a factor load of 0.372, indicating the inadequacy of this question in predicting QoL, a point that the original study did not mention. The SCQOLIT had external validity, convergent validity and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.863), and test-repeat-test correlation coefficient was 0.824 (95% confidence interval; 0.644 – 0.918). Patients diagnosed with melanoma had poorer QoL scores. High-risk tumor characteristics in nonmelanoma skin cancer and stage of melanoma had no impact on QoL (p=0.235 for basal cell carcinoma, p=1.00 for squamous cell carcinoma, p=0.635 for melanoma).
Conclusions: The Turkish version of the SCQOLIT is validated. Age was shown to have a statistically significant negative correlation with QoL, while Fitzpatrick skin type, gender, risk classification, stage, history of skin cancer, family history of skin cancer and treatment modality had no effect on QoL.
JAPAN IN THE WORKS OF ORTHODOX MISSIONARIES: ACCORDING TO THE MEMOIRS OF FR. ANDRONIK NIKOLSKY (1897-1899)
Authors: Павлова Оксана Сергеевна 
Published: February 2023

В статье рассмотрен недолгий опыт служения о. Андроника Никольского в Японии по материалам его воспоминаний. Интерес представляют наблюдения автора о культуре, ментальности японцев, а также о характере и направлениях миссионерской деятельности среди местного населения.
The article discusses the short-lived experience of Fr. Andronik Nikolsky in Japan based on the materials of his memoirs. Of interest are the author's observations about the culture, mentality of the Japanese, as well as about the nature and directions of missionary activity among the local population.
Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Budaya: Historisitas, Konsepsi dan Aktualisasi Manajemen Pendidikan Agama Islam Transformatif
Authors: Yohanik Yohanik 
Published: February 2023

This paper uses a mixer methodology, first with literature review and second with field studies, the theme raised is Islamic Education Cultural Management: History, Conception, and Management of Transformative Islamic Education Actualization, in this paper there are three fundamental questions; first, what is the concept of Cultural Management of Islamic Education in Islam. Second, what is the history, conception of Islamic religious education management, Islam, transformative culture in Indonesia and third, what is the contribution of Islamic education management in a transformative Islamic culture in the Islamic education space in Islam in Indonesia. Which is where teacher supervision is a definite process. Furthermore, culture becomes part of the culture of the local community which cannot be separated from the language of the community. Culture (often called local wisdom) will be passed down through generations through oral stories. Islamic religious education based on truth and nobility, distancing oneself from unreal thoughts, even far from the origins of unpleasant behavior or influence. Islamic religious leadership education is important for moral (character)/ethics is easy), then the soul (emotional realm) is not only a cognitive and psychomotor realm, but 4) synergizes with culture, Islamic religious education, and tourism, and needs to be developed in a coordinated mannerin Islamic religious education with real regional characteristics
Calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en atención primaria (CAL-ICAP)
Authors: García Aurora María Fernández 
Published: February 2023

Antecedentes: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad crónica que compromete la calidad de vida (CV). La mayoría de los estudios se desarrollan en el ámbito hospitalario y en consultas externas. Los realizados en Atención Primaria son escasos.
Objetivo: Evaluar la CV de los pacientes en estabilidad clínica y en su entorno habitual.
Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal de 143 pacientes en 33 centros de salud rurales y urbanos. Cuestionarios de calidad de vida: Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHFQ) y Euroqol (EQ) 5D-5L. Variables independientes: perfil sociodemográfico y clínico, grado de dependencia y nivel de autocuidado.
Resultados: La edad media fue de 76,3 ± 9,6; 50,34% hombres, 17,4% con grado III-IV de la NYHA (New York Heart Association) y 72% con fracción de eyección preservada. Puntuación media total del MLHFQ: 32,44 ± 21,49; dimensión física: 17,78 ± 11,72; dimensión emocional: 8,43 ± 6,71. Media de la EVA del EQ-5D-5L: 57,8 puntos. El grado de dependencia se asoció significativamente con la CV (p = 0,0001). La hipertensión arterial y la edad se asociaron con algunas dimensiones de la CV. Todos ajustados por sexo, edad y NYHA. No encontramos asociación con el grado funcional NYHA ni el sexo.
Conclusiones: Los pacientes con IC clínicamente estables y en su entorno habitual tienen una mala CV. Aunque el género y la clasificación NYHA no fueron significativos, las mujeres y el grado funcional III-IV obtuvieron peores puntuaciones. El nivel de dependencia y la edad se asocian con la CV. Las características clínicas mostraron resultados inconsistentes.
Highly Selective Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Valuable Chemicals by Single‐Atom Photocatalyst Ni/TiO2
Authors: Xiong Lunqiao , Qi Haifeng , Zhang Shengxin , Zhang Leilei , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Aiqin , Tang Junwang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelective CC cleavage of the biomass derivative glycerol under mild conditions is recognized as a promising yet challenging synthesis route to produce value‐added chemicals. Here, a highly selective catalyst for the transformation of glycerol to the high‐value product glycolaldehyde is presented, which is composed of nickel single atoms confined to the surface of titanium dioxide. Driven by light, the catalyst operates under ambient conditions using air as a green oxidant. The optimized catalyst shows a selectivity of over 60% to glycolaldehyde, resulting in 1058 µmol gCat−1 h−1 production rate, and ≈3 times higher turnover number than NiOx‐nanoparticle‐decorated TiO2 photocatalyst. Diverse operando and in situ spectroscopies unveil the unique function of the Ni single atom, which can significantly promote oxygen adsorption, work as an electron sink, and accelerate the production of superoxide radicals, thereby improving the selectivity toward glycolaldehyde over other by‐products.
Advances of Antimicrobial Peptide‐Based Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Li Guoyu , Lai Zhenheng , Shan Anshan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOwing to the increase in multidrug‐resistant bacterial isolates in hospitals globally and the lack of truly effective antimicrobial agents, antibiotic resistant bacterial infections have increased substantially. There is thus an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs and their related formulations. In recent years, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), AMP optimization, self‐assembled AMPs, AMP hydrogels, and biomaterial‐assisted delivery of AMPs have shown great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, it is focused on the development prospects and shortcomings of various AMP‐based biomaterials for treating animal model infections, such as abdominal, skin, and eye infections. It is hoped that this review will inspire further innovations in the design of AMP‐based biomaterials for the treatment of bacterial infections and accelerate their commercialization.
Preemergence herbicide effects on St. Augustinegrass establishment
Authors: Wilber Amy L. , McCurdy James D. , Czarnecki Joby , Stewart Barry , Dong Hongxu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSt. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is one of the most common turfgrass lawn species of warm‐season climates. Like many turfgrasses, it is produced as sod. Weed control during sod production is problematic, due in part to intolerance of St. Augustinegrass to a range of useful turfgrass herbicides, and because the open canopy and growth‐conducive conditions of sod production favor certain difficult‐to‐control weeds. Although those weeds are best preventatively controlled using preemergence herbicides, many preemergence herbicides also adversely affect vegetative propagation of turfgrasses. Field research was conducted at the Mississippi State University, near Starkville, Mississippi, USA, to evaluate the effects of dithiopyr, pendimethalin, prodiamine, liquid‐ and granular‐applied oxadiazon, atrazine, S‐metolachlor, atrazine + S‐metolachlor, and indaziflam on St. Augustinegrass establishment from plugs. Plots (2.25 m2) were planted with 10 plugs (225 cm2 apiece), and preemergence herbicides were applied at standard use rates 1 day after planting. Visual estimates of percentage cover were collected weekly, and aerial imagery was collected weekly to biweekly. Visual cover and vegetation index data were regressed to estimate days to reach 50% maximum nontreated response. Liquid‐applied oxadiazon and atrazine were the only treatments that did not increase days to reach 50% cover in both replication years. Dithiopyr, prodiamine, S‐metolachlor, and indaziflam increased days to reach 50% cover in both replication years. The normalized difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, and chlorophyll index‐red edge derived from an aerial sensor, detected similar, but fewer, treatment differences compared to estimated visual cover.
Consistency and reliability of automated language measures across expressive language samples in autism
Authors: MacFarlane Heather , Salem Alexandra C. , Bedrick Steven , Dolata Jill K. , Wiedrick Jack , Lawley Grace O. , Finestack Lizbeth H. , Kover Sara T. , Thurman Angela John , Abbeduto Leonard , Fombonne Eric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with substantial clinical heterogeneity, especially in language and communication ability. There is a need for validated language outcome measures that show sensitivity to true change for this population. We used Natural Language Processing to analyze expressive language transcripts of 64 highly‐verbal children and young adults (age: 6–23 years, mean 12.8 years; 78.1% male) with ASD to examine the validity across language sampling context and test‐retest reliability of six previously validated Automated Language Measures (ALMs), including Mean Length of Utterance in Morphemes, Number of Distinct Word Roots, C‐units per minute, unintelligible proportion, um rate, and repetition proportion. Three expressive language samples were collected at baseline and again 4 weeks later. These samples comprised interview tasks from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS‐2) Modules 3 and 4, a conversation task, and a narration task. The influence of language sampling context on each ALM was estimated using either generalized linear mixed‐effects models or generalized linear models, adjusted for age, sex, and IQ. The 4 weeks test‐retest reliability was evaluated using Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC). The three different sampling contexts were associated with significantly (P < 0.001) different distributions for each ALM. With one exception (repetition proportion), ALMs also showed good test‐retest reliability (median CCC: 0.73–0.88) when measured within the same context. Taken in conjunction with our previous work establishing their construct validity, this study demonstrates further critical psychometric properties of ALMs and their promising potential as language outcome measures for ASD research.