bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor feto maternal outcomes and associated factors among labouring mothers referred to Nekemte city public hospitals, East Wallaga Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Authors: Tolessa Roba , Lema Matiyos , Wodajo Seid , Merdasa Emiru , Raga Imana , Garuma Worku , Fayera Hunde , Gemechu Garuma , Dessalegn Markos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Deliveries are not always free from poor fetal and maternal outcomes. The majority of obstetric complications are referred to tertiary hospitals however, there is limited evidence regarding the magnitude of poor maternal and fetal outcomes and their associated factors among referred laboring mothers in Ethiopia and especially in the study area.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the magnitude ofpoor fetal and maternal outcomes and associated factors among laboring mothers referred to Nekemte City public Hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia.
Methods and Materials: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 referred laboring mothers in the two public hospitals of Nekemte City from February 10, 2023, to April 10, 2023. The data were entered to EPI- DATA software version 4.6 and then, exported to SPSS Version 26.0 for analysis. A binary Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with poor feto-maternal outcomes. A bivariable binary logistic regression model was used to select candidate variables at p-value ≤ 0.25. A multivariable binary logistic regression model with 95% CI and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was used to identify variables associated with poor feto-maternal outcomes at a P-value < 0.05.
Result: Poor fetal and maternal outcome was 46.2% (95%CI: (41% - 51%) and 24.1% (95% CI: 20%- 29%) respectively. Unable to read and write (AOR: 3.64, 95% CI: (1.11-11.96), multiple pregnancies (AOR: 4.23, 95% CI: (1.26, 14.25), and Preeclampsia 3.9, 95% CI: (1.11-13.67) were significant factors for poor maternal outcome. Rural residence (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.29), a cesarean delivery (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: (1.56, 4.47), gestational age <37 weeks (AOR: 8.09, 95% CI: (1.52, 12.91), <4 antenatal care visit (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: (1.23-4.58), were found to be significant factors for poor fetal outcome.
Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, the poor fetal and maternal outcomes were linked to obstetric complications among referred pregnant women. Unable to read and write, multiple pregnancies, and, - pregnancy induced hypertention were factors associated with poor maternal outcomes. Rural residence, cesarean deliveries, Gastational age less than 37 weeks and less than four ANC visits were factors associated with poor fetal outcomes. Therefore, detecting and managing obstetric complications early, improving antenatal care further and pregnant women should also have their blood pressure checked regularly.
Engineering synthetic magnetic fields for polarized photons
Authors: Fu Shenhe , Liu Guohua , Zeng Zepei , Lin Haolin , Xin Zhang , Zhang Xiliang , Hu Yanwen , Zhen Li , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Charged particles exhibit nonzero magnetic moments and interact with external magnetic fields, which lead to a rich variety of fundamental spin transport phenomena including the Lorentz force, Landau quantization, Aharonov-Bohm effect and topological Hall effect. Unlike the charged particles, uncharged particles such as photons do not contain spinning-induced magnetic moments and are therefore decoupled from the real magnetic fields. As a result, emulations of the fundamental quantum phenomena by using the uncharged particles are thought to be elusive. Here, we theoretically identify an equivalent spin-1/2 model for polarized photons and synthesize a general magnetization vector for coupling the differently polarized photons in an engineered photonic anisotropic medium. The synthetic magnetic field can be spatially engineered to manipulate the magnetic moments of the pseudo-spin-1/2 photons, leading to observation of the Lorentz force and the resulting analogous Stern–Gerlach phenomena. We experimentally demonstrate these fundamental effects by using different spins including the purely single-polarization spins and mutually two-polarization mixing spins. We report the first demonstration of higher-order Stern–Gerlach effects by using spins, which exhibit nontrivial topological structures. Our findings offer new avenues to polarization-based elements with potential applications such as in photonic polarization selection and conversion, benefiting classical and quantum information processing. This work constitutes a general formulism for synthesizing the magnetic field, allowing emulation of intriguing quantum phenomena such as the topological Hall effect by using the polarized photons.
Mitigating MEV Attacks with a Two-Tiered Architecture Utilizing Verifiable Decryption
Authors: Alnajjar Mustafa Ibrahim , Kiraz Mehmet Sabir , Al-Bayatti Ali , Kardas Suleyman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A distributed ledger is a shared and synchronized database across multiple designated nodes, often referred to as miners, validators, or peers. These nodes record, distribute, and access data to ensure security and transparency. However, these nodes can be compromised and manipulated by selectively choosing which user transactions to include, exclude, or reorder, thereby gaining an unfair advantage. This is known as a Miner/Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) attack. Existing solutions can be classified into various categories, such as MEV auction platforms and time-based ordering properties, which rely on private transaction Mempools. In this paper, we first identify some architectural weaknesses inherent in the latest proposals that divide the block creation and execution roles into separate functions: block builders and block executors. The existing schemes mainly suffer from the verifiability of the decryption process, as a corrupted builder or executor can simply deny the inclusion of specific targeted transactions by exploiting the fact that all transactions are in plain format. To address this, we propose an enhanced version that incorporates a verifiable decryption process. On a very high level, within our proposal, whenever an executor or a builder performs a decryption, the decrypted values must be broadcasted. This enables any entity in the network to publicly verify whether the decryption was executed correctly. In this way, this approach prevents malicious behaviour by either party from going undetected. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive security analysis of our protocol against potential adversaries and present a performance analysis of the proposed solution.
Machine learning-enabled chemical space exploration of all-inorganic perovskites for photovoltaics
Authors: Im Jino , Kim Jin-Soo , Noh Juhwan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The vast compositional and configurational spaces of multi-element metal halide perovskites (MHPs) result in significant challenges when designing MHPs with promising stability and optoelectronic properties. In this paper, we propose a framework for the design of B-site-alloyed ABX3MHPs by combining density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML). We performed generalized gradient approximation with Perdew–Berke–Ernzerhof functional for solids (PBEsol) on 3,159 B-site-alloyed perovskite structures using a compositional step of 1/4. Crystal graph convolution neural networks (CGCNNs) were trained on the 3,159 DFT datasets to predict the decomposition energy, bandgap, and types of bandgaps. The trained CGCNN models were used to explore the compositional and configurational spaces of 41,400 B-site-alloyed ABX3MHPs with a compositional step of 1/16, by accessing all possible configurations for each composition. The electronic band structures of the selected compounds were calculated using the hybrid functional (PBE0). Based on the DFT/ML-combined screening, 10 promising compounds with optimal bandgaps were selected and, from among these 10 compounds, CsGe0.3125Sn0.6875I3and CsGe0.0625Pb0.3125Sn0.625Br3were suggested as photon absorbers for single-junction and tandem solar cells, respectively. Then, we calculated the optical absorption spectra and spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency of these 10 compounds. The design framework presented herein is a good starting point for the design of novel mixed MHPs for optoelectronic applications.
Universal Silicon Ring Resonator for Error-Free Transmission Links
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Zhu Junbo , Li Ke , Pant Bharat , Ebert Martin , Yan Xingzhao , Banakar Mehdi , Tran Dehn T. , Littlejohns Callum G. , Gan Fuwan , Reed Graham , Thomson David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon p-n junction ring resonator for C band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. The universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, and in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of ~4 Vmm and >8 dB optical modulation extinction ratio (ER), enabling C band 50-Gb/s NRZ communication link with bit error rate (BER) ≤ 3×10-12. Individually, the speed of modulation and detection is measured up to 112 Gb/s and 80 Gb/s, respectively. The principle of co-designing PN junction ring modulator and detector performance required for error-free communication links can significantly ease the fabrication yield challenges of ring structures by reducing the number of types of devices. The principle can also be applied to O band wavelengths. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a device of this type has achieved both error-free modulation and detection operation up to 50 Gb/s in the C band individually or in conjugation as an error free communication link, which paves the way to realize a >1.6 Tb/s all-silicon WDM based error free optical transceiver link in future and is essential for future programmable photonics circuits.
Highly Permeable and Shelf-stable Aquaporin Biomimetic Membrane Based on an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Substrate
Authors: Jeon Tae-Joon , Fuwad Ahmed , Ryu Hyunil , Han Eui Don , Lee Jun-Hee , Malmstadt Noah , Kim Young-Rok , Seo Young Ho , Kim Sun Min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) biomimetic membranes are a coming-of-age technology for water purification. Although several studies have reported aquaporin biomimetic membrane fabrication to date, these membranes show low water flux mainly due to the low porosity and inherently dense structure of the polymeric substrate materials. Herein, we report a ceramic-based aquaporin biomimetic membrane based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a substrate, which has a uniform porous structure with high aspect ratio and pore density compared to conventional polymer substrates, and exhibits the high water flux of 27.6 ± 3.6 LMH (L/m2h) and superior membrane selectivity of 0.11 g/L. Briefly, the AAO substrate was functionalized with amino-silane followed by polydopamine coating, then the AQP vesicles were immobilized on the functionalized AAO substrate surface using an electrokinetic method, and the water rejection performance of the membrane is analyzed in a forward osmosis system. Furthermore, a simple cryodesiccation method is introduced to improve the storage stability and easy transportation of aquaporin membranes, which does not require special environmental conditions to transport or store them.
Long-term severe hypoxia adaptation induces non-canonical EMT and a novel Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) isoform.
Authors: Gagnon Etienne , Quenneville Jordan , Feghaly Albert , Tual Margaux , Major François 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The majority of cancer deaths are caused by solid tumors, where the four most prevalent cancers (breast, lung, colorectal and prostate) account for more than 60% of all cases (1). Tumor cell het-erogeneity driven by variable cancer microenvironments, such as hypoxia, is a key determinant of therapeutic outcome. We developed a novel culture protocol, termed the Long-Term Hypoxia (LTHY) time course, to recapitulate the gradual development of severe hypoxia seen in vivo, to mimic conditions observed in primary tumors. Cells subjected to LTHY underwent a non-canonical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on miRNA and mRNA signatures as well as displayed EMT-like morphological changes. Concomitant to this, we report production of a novel truncated isoform of WT1 transcription factor (tWt1), a non-canonical EMT driver, with expres-sion driven by a yet undescribed intronic promoter through hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs). We further demonstrated that tWt1 initiates translation from an intron-derived start codon, retains proper subcellular localization, DNA binding, and its human ortholog negatively predicts long-term patient survival. Our study demonstrates the importance of culture conditions that better mimic those observed in cancers, especially with regards to hypoxia, and identifies a novel isoform of WT1 which correlates with poor long-term survival.
Ameliorative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Senescence Associated Phenotypes in Naturally Aged Rats
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Zihui , Li Yun , Wu Yiqi , Yao Renqi , Cao Yuan , Wang Min , Zhou Feihu , Zhu Hanyu , Kang Hong-Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Aging is a multifaceted process that affects all organ systems. With the increasing trend of population aging, age-related diseases have resulted in significant medical challenges and socioeconomic burdens. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their antioxidative stress, immunoregulatory, and tissue repair capabilities, hold promise as a potential anti-aging intervention.
Methods
In this study, we transplanted MSCs into naturally aged rats at 24 months, and subsequently examined levels of aging-related factors such as β-galactosidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in multiple organs. Additionally, we assessed various aging-related phenotypes in these aged rats, including immune senescence, lipid deposition, myocardial fibrosis, and tissue damage. We also conducted a 16S rRNA analysis to study the composition of gut microbiota.
Results
The results indicated that MSCs significantly reduced the levels of aging-associated and oxidative stress-related factors in multiple organs such as the heart, liver, and lungs of naturally aging rats. Furthermore, they mitigated chronic tissue damage and inflammation caused by aging, reduced levels of liver lipid deposition and myocardial fibrosis, alleviated aging-associated immunodeficiency and immune cell apoptosis, and positively influenced the gut microbiota composition towards a more youthful state. This research underscores the diverse anti-aging effects of MSCs, including oxidative stress reduction, tissue repair, metabolic regulation, and improvement of immune functions, shedding light on the underlying anti-aging mechanisms associated with MSCs.
Conclusions
The study confirms that MSCs hold great promise as a potential anti-aging approach, offering the possibility of extending lifespan and improving the quality of life in the elderly population.
In the era of Bortezomib-based Induction, intensification of Melphalan-based conditioning with Bortezomib does not improve Survival Outcomes in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: a study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Beksac Meral , Eikema Dirk-Jan , Koster Linda , Hulin Cyrille , Poiré Xavier , Hamladji Rose-Marie , Gromek Tomaz , Bazarbachi Ali , Ozkurt Zubeyde , Pabst Thomas , Othman Tarek Ben , Finke Jürgen , Pirogova Olga , Wu Depei , Hayat Amjad , Hilgendorf Inken , Tholouli Eleni , de Wreede Liesbeth , Schönland Stefan , Garderet Laurent , Drozd-Sokolowska Joanna , Raj Kavita , Hayden Patrick , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , McLornan Donal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bortezomib (Vel)- Melphalan 200mg/m2 (Mel200) (Vel-Mel) has been utilised to intensify conditioning in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). This EBMT registry-based study compared Vel-Mel with Mel200 during upfront AHCT. Between 2010 and 2017, MM patients who received Vel-Mel (n = 292) conditioning were compared with 4,096 Mel200 patients in the same 58 centres. Pre-AHCT, compared to Mel200 patients, Vel-Mel patients had similar International Staging System (ISS) scores and cytogenetic risk profiles; a similar proportion had received bortezomib-based induction (85% and 87.3%, respectively) though they were younger with a better performance status. Vel-Mel patients were more likely to achieve CR post-induction (40.6% vs 20.3%, p < 0.001) and by day 100 of AHCT (CR/VGPR: 70.2% vs. 57.2%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in 3-year PFS (49% vs 46%, p = 0.06) or early post-AHCT mortality. In multivariable analysis, Vel-Mel associated with inferior PFS (HR: 1.69 (1.27–2.25, p < 0.001) and OS (HR:1.46 (1.14–1.86,p = 0.002), similar to negative effects on PFS of advanced ISS (HR:1.56 (1.33–1.83, p < 0.001), high-risk cytogenetics (HR:1.43(1.18–1.74, p < 0.001) and poor post-induction response( < = PR)(HR: 1.43(1.25–1.62, p < 0.001) Overall, despite superior pre- and post-AHCT responses, there was no improvement in PFS or OS following Vel-Mel. This data supports the findings of the smaller prospective IFM study.
Annexin-A5 is fundamental for VDAC1-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and determines the susceptibility to apoptosis.
Authors: Graier Wolfgang , Oflaz Furkan , Bondarenko Alexander , Trenker Michael , Waldeck-Weiermair Markus , Gottschalk Benjamin , Bernhart Eva , Koshenov Zhanat , Radulović Snježana , Rost Rene , Hirtl Martin , Pilic Johannes , Leitinger Gerd , Brachvogel Bent , Summerauer Susanne , Shoshan-Barmatz Varda , Malli Roland 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Annexin-A5 (AnxA5) is a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein associated with the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the precise role of AnxA5 in controlling mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling remained elusive. Here, we introduce a novel function of AnxA5 in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling. Our investigation revealed that AnxA5 orchestrates intermembrane space (IMS) Ca2+ access capacity upon high Ca2+ elevations induced by ER Ca2+ release, leading to AnxA5 translocation to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Through close association with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), AnxA5 regulates the Ca2+-permeable state of VDAC1. By modulating IMS Ca2+ signaling, AnxA5 actively shapes mitochondrial ultrastructure and influences the dynamicity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Furthermore, our findings regarding AnxA5's localization in the VDAC1 microenvironment reveal its protective role in regulating cell death by controlling VDAC1's oligomeric state triggered by cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our study uncovers AnxA5 as a regulator of VDAC1 in physiological and pathological conditions.
Composition of the rumen archaeal community of growing camels fed different concentrates levels
Authors: Rabee Alaa Emara , Askar Ahmed R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the rumen fermentation and methanogenic community in camels fed intensively is critical for optimizing rumen fermentation, improving feed efficiency, and lowering methane emissions. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, and high-performance liquid chromatography, this study evaluates the influence of different concentrate supplement levels in the diet on rumen fermentation as well as the diversity and structure of the rumen methanogenic community for growing dromedary camels. Twelve growing camels, 275 ± 8.75 kg body weight, were divided into three groups and given three levels of concentrate supplement, 0.7% (C1), 1% (C2), and 1.3% (C3) based on their body weight. All animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum. The levels of total volatile fatty acid, rumen ammonia, and methanogen copy number were unaffected by the supplementation level. Increasing the concentrate supplement level increased the proportion of propionic acid while decreasing the proportion of acetic acid. Increasing the level of concentrate in the diet had no effect on alpha diversity metrics or beta diversity of rumen methanogens. Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera predominated the methanogenic community and were declined as concentrate supplement level increased. This study sheds new light on the effect of concentrate supplement level in growing camels' diet on rumen fermentation and methanogenic community, which could help in the development of a strategy that aimed to reduce methane emissions and enhance feed efficiency.
Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Sertoli cells of Yak and Cattle-yak
Authors: Chen Xue-Mei , Wang Ming-Xiu , Zhang Peng , Jing Ke-Min , Yue Bing-Lin , Wu Zhi-Juan , Chai Zhi-Xin , Liu Xin-Rui , Cai Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
To study the problem of male sterility of cattle-yak and improve the yak crossbreeding, this study obtained the testicular Sertoli cells of yak and cattle-yak and compared the differences in transcriptome levels between the two bovine species. The testicular tissues of 3 healthy male cattle-yaks and 3 F1 generation male yaks were collected at the age of 24 months. The Sertoli cells were isolated after enzymatic digestion, differential adhesion and starvation treatment. DATA-4 and SOX9 immunofluorescence staining were used to identify the cell type. Sertoli cells were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, GO analysis, KEGG analysis and differentially expressed gene validation.
Results
The study successfully isolated and purified Sertoli cells of yak and cattle-yak. The transcriptome sequencing data were compared, analyzed and annotated. Compared to yak Sertoli cells, 6592 differentially expressed genes were obtained, 3007 genes were upregulated and 3585 genes were downregulated in cattle-yak Sertoli cells. GO analysis showed that upregulated genes were mainly involved in translation, peptide biosynthetic process, amide biosynthetic process, peptide metabolic process, ribosome, cytoplasmic part, structural constituent of ribosome, structural molecule activity, endomembrane system, protein kinase activity, phosphotransferase activity, etc. The downregulated genes were mainly involved in protein phosphorylation, phosphorylation, endomembrane system, protein kinase activity, phosphotransferase activity, etc. KEGG analysis compared differential genes to 316 pathways, of which 8 pathways were significantly enriched. The upregulated pathways were significantly enriched in cattle-yak Sertoli cells, including ribosome, thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, etc. The downregulated pathways were significantly enriched in adherens junction, mTOR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, focal adhesion, etc.
Conclusions
Compared with yak Sertoli cells, the expression of genes related to protein activation, cell function and membranous organelle composition in cattle-yak Sertoli cells was abnormal. The defects of cattle-yak Sertoli cells cannot provide a suitable environment for spermatogenesis which may be one of the reasons for male cattle-yak sterility.