bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People with intellectual disabilities' sexuality from three different perspectives: Parents, professionals, and themselves
Authors: Gil‐Llario María Dolores , Fernández‐García Olga , Flores‐Buils Raquel , Huedo‐Medina Tania B. , Morell‐Mengual Vicente , Ballester‐Arnal Rafael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA positive conception of sexuality among people with intellectual disabilities is crucial and relies on several social and interpersonal contexts. The goal of this study is to analyse the interaction and impact of three different contextual groups: individuals with intellectual disabilities, their parents, and professionals working with them.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 330 people with intellectual disabilities attending occupational centres in eastern Spain, 330 parents, and 100 professionals.ResultsCorrelation and variance analyses of dyad‐level data show significant differences among the three groups in all variables. Professionals perceived people with intellectual disabilities to have higher knowledge of socio‐sexual norms than people with intellectual disabilities actually appear to be, but they are also more concerned about aspects related to this area of people with intellectual disabilities. Compared to people with intellectual disabilities and professionals, parents perceived people with intellectual disabilities to have lower sexual knowledge.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates inconsistent perceived knowledge of people with intellectual disabilities' socio‐sexual norms and sexual knowledge among the three groups, leading to disparate levels of concern regarding people with intellectual disabilities sexuality. Thus, the need to collect information from different perspectives for more accurate reporting and the critical need for sex education programs that involve the target population, but also parents and professionals who frequently interact with people with intellectual disabilities are highlighted.
Breeding objectives for Central Highland goats using participatory and bio‐economic modelling approaches
Authors: Tesema Zeleke , Derbie Belay , Shenkute Abiy , Gobeze Mulatu , Kefale Alemu , Gizaw Solomon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe breeding objectives of Central Highland goats rearing under a low‐input production system were defined through a participatory proportional piling method and bio‐economic model. Additionally, the economic values and relative economic value of the breeding objective traits were derived. A participatory proportional piling method was used to estimate the relative weights of farmers attached to a list of goat traits identified, and the relative weights were statistically evaluated using a generalized multinomial logit model analysis. A bio‐economic model was used to compute the economic values of the identified traits. The most important traits for selection of does according to farmer's preference were body size, coat colour, post‐weaning growth rate and weaning rate with a relative weight (odds ratio) of 1.58, 1.38, 1.37 and 1.13, respectively. Goats with dark red followed by light red coat colour were the most preferred (p < 0.001) by goat keepers compared with white‐coloured goats. Farmers were more likely (p < 0.001) to allocate higher scores for does‐bearing twins than for single and triplet‐bearing does. Using the bio‐economic model (economic value and relative economic value), post‐weaning growth rate, weaning rate, and six‐month weight (body size) were identified as the most important traits and if the mean of these traits is changed by one genetic standard deviation, the change in profit will range from 2.06 to 3.03 $ doe−1 year−1. Therefore, the most important traits for the selection of Central Highland goats according to the economic‐based method were post‐weaning weight gain, weaning rate and body size (six‐month weight). Besides, coat colour was the second preferred trait by goat keepers next to body size. Thus, this aesthetical trait should be included in the designed breeding programme besides economically important quantitative traits. The combination of the participatory proportional piling method and bio‐economic model would give better insights to explore the trait preferences of farmers and enhance profitability. The economic values of traits estimated in this study can be used for the construction of selection indices for Central Highland goats.
Practitioner Review: A core competencies perspective on the evidence‐based treatment of child conduct problems
Authors: Barker Jessica M. , Hawes David J. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe effective treatment of child conduct problems is understood to rely on a range of therapist competencies, yet these have rarely been an explicit focus of research. In this practitioner review, we examine core competencies for the delivery of evidence‐based parenting interventions for conduct problems in early‐to‐middle childhood. These are examined in light of research into the common elements shared by these interventions, literature regarding common challenges in these interventions, and conceptualisations of such competencies in other fields of mental health.MethodsWe report on the development of a novel consensus‐based model of core competencies for evidence‐based practice in this field, based on consultation with an international expert panel. This includes competencies as they apply to complex presentations of conduct problems.ResultsDespite considerable variation among widely disseminated programmes in terms of content, format and skills‐training practices, there is strong consensus among practitioners regarding core competencies. These relate to three broad domains: (a) generic therapeutic competencies; (b) parenting intervention competencies; (c) specific parenting skills/techniques.ConclusionsPractitioners working with conduct problems, particularly complex presentations thereof, require competencies for engaging not only mothers, but fathers and diverse/non‐traditional caregivers and other stakeholders, in evidence‐based parenting interventions. Moreover, the successful delivery of these interventions necessitates competencies that extend beyond behaviour management and encompass broader aspects of the family system and the wider ecology of the child.
Structurally compromised teeth. Part I: Clinical considerations and novel classification proposal
Authors: Fichera Guido , Mazzitelli Claudia , Picciariello Vincenzo , Maravic Tatjana , Josic Uros , Mazzoni Annalisa , Breschi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveA comprehensive classification of structurally compromised teeth (SCT) was introduced.Clinical ConsiderationsDental injuries or operative mismanagement undermine the structural integrity of the tooth abutment, reducing its biomechanical strength and rendering restorative procedures challenging. To standardize the overall pre‐operative evaluations and determine the biological and mechanical features, a classification of the coronal and cervical tooth defects, as well as an attentive analysis of the most apical location of the residual cervical tooth structure along the whole perimeter and the most coronal location of the bucco/lingual residual structure was presented. Considering the residual cervical structure, five possible clinical scenarios were individuated with respect to the gingival margin, gingival sulcus, supracrestal tissue attachment and bone crest (BC). The latter prevents the isolation procedures rendering the adhesive restorations unfeasible. Instead, the location of the most apical portion of residual cervical structure within subgingival/intrasulcular depth (>1.5 mm above BC) can be considered restorable.ConclusionsThis classification is threefold: to enclose all the possible clinically encountered tooth defects, to identify the apical problems of SCT to appropriately manage the perio‐restorative interfaces, and to evaluate the tooth resistance capacity of SCT, as to plan and perform the most adequate biomechanical restorative approach.Clinical SignificanceThe present classification is proposed to provide a complete perspective of structurally compromised teeth to standardize the biologic and biomechanical evaluations during planning of restorative procedures.
Sarcopenia predicts 5‐year mortality in older adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Valentin B. , Maes‐Festen D. , Schoufour J. , Oppewal A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a lower life expectancy than their peers without ID. A contributing factor to the lower life expectancy and early mortality could be sarcopenia: low muscle mass and low muscle function. In the general population, sarcopenia strongly predicts early mortality, but this association is unknown in people with ID. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between sarcopenia and 5‐year mortality in older adults with ID.MethodsIn the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities (HA‐ID) study, the prevalence of sarcopenia was measured at baseline among 884 older adults (≥50 years) with ID. All‐cause mortality was measured over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied to determine the association between sarcopenia (no sarcopenia, pre‐sarcopenia, sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia) and early mortality, adjusted for age, sex, level of ID, presence of Down syndrome, and co‐morbidity (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome).ResultsThe unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for sarcopenia was 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–3.42], P < 0.001), and 2.40 (95% CI 1.40–4.10, P = 0.001) for severe sarcopenia. When adjusted for age, sex, level of ID, and Down syndrome, sarcopenia (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.08–2.75, P = 0.022) and severe sarcopenia (HR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.23, P = 0.028) were significantly associated with early mortality. When additionally adjusted for co‐morbidity, the adjusted HR decreased to 1.62 (95% CI 1.02–2.59, P = 0.043) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.04–3.15, P = 0.035) for sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, respectively.ConclusionSarcopenia is an independent risk factor for early mortality in older adults with ID over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Our results stress the need to delay the incidence and development of sarcopenia in older adults with ID.
openFrame: A modular, sustainable, open microscopy platform with single‐shot, dual‐axis optical autofocus module providing high precision and long range of operation
Authors: Lightley J. , Kumar S. , Lim M. Q. , Garcia E. , Görlitz F. , Alexandrov Y. , Parrado T. , Hollick C. , Steele E. , Roßmann K. , Graham J. , Broichhagen J. , McNeish I. A. , Roufosse C. A. , Neil M. A. A. , Dunsby C. , French P. M. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract‘openFrame’ is a modular, low‐cost, open‐hardware microscopy platform that can be configured or adapted to most light microscopy techniques and is easily upgradeable or expandable to multiple modalities. The ability to freely mix and interchange both open‐source and proprietary hardware components or software enables low‐cost, yet research‐grade instruments to be assembled and maintained. It also enables rapid prototyping of advanced or novel microscope systems. For long‐term time‐lapse image data acquisition, slide‐scanning or high content analysis, we have developed a novel optical autofocus incorporating orthogonal cylindrical optics to provide robust single‐shot closed‐loop focus lock, which we have demonstrated to accommodate defocus up to ±37 μm with <200 nm accuracy, and a two‐step autofocus mode which we have shown can operate with defocus up to ±68 μm. We have used this to implement automated single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) in a relatively low‐cost openFrame‐based instrument using multimode diode lasers for excitation and cooled CMOS cameras.
Self‐perception of natural outcome, appearance, and emotional well‐being after OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment for upper facial lines: Post hoc analysis across age and gender
Authors: Dayan Steven , Ogilvie Patricia , Boyd Charles , De Boulle Koenraad , Cavallini Maurizio , Garcia Julia K. , Musumeci Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is indicated for upper facial lines (UFL). Fear of unnatural‐looking outcomes is a frequently reported treatment barrier.AimsExamine patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) after onabotA treatment for UFL.MethodsA post hoc analysis was conducted on two 12‐month pivotal studies of onabotA for forehead and glabellar lines (20 U each), with/without treatment of crow's feet lines (±24 U). This analysis used PROs from the Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire: Items 4 (natural look), 5 (treatment effect), 11 (met expectations), and Impact Domain (appearance and psychological impact). The analysis included 458 neurotoxin‐naive adults achieving a ≥2‐grade improvement in forehead line (FHL) severity on the Facial Wrinkle Scale at Day 30 (primary endpoint). [Corrections made on 28 December 2023, after first online publication: ‘UFL’ in the previous sentence has been corrected to ‘forehead line (FHL)’ in this version.] Data were further stratified into millennials and men.ResultsAt Day 30, 90.5% of all participants, 94.6% of millennials, and 85.7% of men were satisfied with receiving a natural look. Millennials had higher odds of being satisfied with natural outcomes at Day 30. This measure remained > 80% for all groups throughout the 12 months. Additionally, ≥80% were satisfied with the treatment effect, and >90% reported results met expectations. At Day 30, ≥50% reported positive impacts on self‐perceived appearance and psychological well‐being, but millennials had higher, and men had lower odds of reporting these improvements.ConclusionsParticipants achieving a ≥2‐grade improvement in FHL severity after onabotA reported high satisfaction with natural outcomes and the treatment effect, with improved self‐perceived appearance and psychological well‐being. [Corrections made on 28 December 2023, after first online publication: ‘UFL’ in the previous sentence has been corrected to ‘FHL’ in this version.] These results may help aesthetic providers and patients address fears regarding unnatural results with onabotA.
Macrophage‐related gingival transcriptomic patterns and microbiome alterations in experimental periodontitis in nonhuman primates
Authors: Gonzalez O. A. , Kirakodu S. , Nguyen L. , Ebersole J. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the microbiome features specifically related to host macrophage polarization in health, initiation and progression of periodontitis, and in resolution samples using a nonhuman primate model of ligature‐induced periodontitis.BackgroundThe oral microbiome is a complex of bacterial phyla, genera, and species acquired early in life into the individual autochthonous oral ecology. The microbiome changes overtime in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, and transitions to a dysbiotic ecology at sites of periodontal lesions.MethodsComparisons were made between the microbial and host features in young (≤7 years) and adult (≥12 years) cohorts of animals. Footprints of macrophage‐related genes in the gingival tissues were evaluated using expression profiles including M0, M1, and M2 related genes.ResultsWithin the gingival tissues, similar macrophage‐related gene patterns were observed with significant increases with disease initiation and continued elevation throughout disease in both age groups. Approximately, 70% of the taxa were similar in relative abundance between the two groups; however, the adults showed a large number of OTUs that were significantly altered compared with the younger animals. Developing a correlation map identified three major node levels of interactions that comprised approximately ⅓ of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) that dominated the microbiomes across the samples. Also noted was a much greater frequency of significant correlations of individual OTUs with the macrophage phenotype markers, compared with disease and resolution samples in both age groups, with a greater frequency in the younger group. Moreover, these correlations were assigned to differentially expressed genes representing M0, M1, and M2‐related phenotypes. A cluster analyses across the macrophage‐related transcriptome and the OTUs demonstrated multiple somewhat distinct bacterial consortia, incorporating both commensal and putative pathogens, linked to the gene responses that differed in health, disease, and resolution samples. Finally, there were minimal alterations in the OTUs in individual clusters with specific macrophage‐related responses in the younger group, while in the adult samples substantial variations were noted with genes from all macrophage phenotypes.ConclusionsThe results confirmed important features that could reflect macrophage polarization in periodontal lesions, and provided some initial data supporting specific members of the oral microbiome feature prominently related to specific gene response patterns consistent with macrophages in the gingival tissues.
Training of professionals in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia – A systematic review of peer‐reviewed studies
Authors: Jernelöv Susanna , Blom Kerstin 
Published: August 2023

SummaryInsomnia is common, and causes substantial individual suffering and costs for society. The recommended first‐line treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I), which is under‐used partly due to a lack of trained providers. To train providers is thus important, but what is the current situation regarding CBT‐I training? A systematic search of databases was conducted to identify scientific peer‐reviewed papers describing CBT‐I training with regards to: existing amounts of training, proposed curricula, trainees, delivery context, content of training, modes of delivery, evaluation of the training from a trainee perspective, and effects on patients. This systematic review shows that research on training in CBT‐I is an emerging field, with the literature presenting a limited number of papers, with varying objectives. One group of papers investigate the amount of training that exists in a region or educational context and/or propose training curricula; and another group evaluate training initiatives and describe CBT‐I training trainees, context, content, modes of delivery, and outcomes on trainees and on treated patients. The studies show that little training is currently provided and proposed curricula vary, and evaluations present promising results: training is feasible in different contexts and modes, digital training may be used to disseminate training efforts at a large scale, trainees' skills increase and positive effects on patients can be seen. To move the field forward, more high‐quality studies on CBT‐I training are needed, and we propose that training in CBT‐I should be targeted towards varying levels of expertise, matching a stepped‐care model.
Risk concentration and the mean‐expected shortfall criterion
Authors: Han Xia , Wang Bin , Wang Ruodu , Wu Qinyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExpected shortfall (ES, also known as CVaR) is the most important coherent risk measure in finance, insurance, risk management, and engineering. Recently, Wang and Zitikis (2021) put forward four economic axioms for portfolio risk assessment and provide the first economic axiomatic foundation for the family of . In particular, the axiom of no reward for concentration (NRC) is arguably quite strong, which imposes an additive form of the risk measure on portfolios with a certain dependence structure. We move away from the axiom of NRC by introducing the notion of concentration aversion, which does not impose any specific form of the risk measure. It turns out that risk measures with concentration aversion are functions of ES and the expectation. Together with the other three standard axioms of monotonicity, translation invariance and lower semicontinuity, concentration aversion uniquely characterizes the family of ES. In addition, we establish an axiomatic foundation for the problem of mean‐ES portfolio selection and new explicit formulas for convex and consistent risk measures. Finally, we provide an economic justification for concentration aversion via a few axioms on the attitude of a regulator towards dependence structures.
Investigating pyroptosis as a mechanism of L. major cell‐to‐cell spread in the human BLaER1 infection model
Authors: Volkmar Kerren , Jaedtka Moritz , Baars Iris , Walber Bianca , Philipp Marie‐Sophie , Bagola Katrin , Müller Andreas J. , Heine Holger , van Zandbergen Ger 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeishmania is the causative agent of the tropical neglected disease leishmaniasis and infects macrophages as its definitive host cell. In order to sustain and propagate infections, Leishmania parasites have to complete cycles of exit and re‐infection. Yet, the mechanism driving the parasite spread to other cells remains unclear. Recent studies reported pro‐inflammatory monocytes as replicative niche of Leishmania major and showed prolonged expression of IL‐1β at the site of infection, indicating an activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pointing toward pyroptosis as a possible mechanism of parasite spread. To address the species‐specific inflammasome activation of human cells, we characterized the BLaER1 monocytes as a model for L. major infection. We found that BLaER1 monocytes support infection and activation by Leishmania parasites to the same extent as primary human macrophages. Harnessing the possibilities of this infection model, we first showed that BLaER1 GSDMD−/− cells, which carry a deletion of the pore‐forming protein gasdermin D, are more resistant to pyroptotic cell death and, concomitantly, display a strongly delayed release of intracellular parasite. Using that knockout in a co‐incubation assay in comparison with wild‐type BLaER1 cells, we demonstrate that impairment of the pyroptosis pathway leads to lower rates of parasite spread to new host cells, thus, implicating pyroptotic cell death as a possible exit mechanism of L. major in pro‐inflammatory microenvironments.
The CAP superfamily protein PsCAP1 secreted by Phytophthora triggers immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana through a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein
Authors: Jiang Haibin , Xia Yeqiang , Zhang Sicong , Zhang Zhichao , Feng Hui , Zhang Qi , Chen Xi , Xiao Junhua , Yang Sen , Zeng Mengzhu , Chen Zhaodan , Ouyang Haibing , He Xinyi , Sun Guangzheng , Wu Jinbin , Dong Suomeng , Ye Wenwu , Ma Zhenchuan , Wang Yan , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The role of cysteine‐rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis‐related 1 (CAP) superfamily proteins in the innate immune responses of mammals is well characterized. However, the biological function of CAP superfamily proteins in plant–microbe interactions is poorly understood.
We used proteomics and transcriptome analyses to dissect the apoplastic effectors secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae during early infection of soybean leaves. By transiently expressing these effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana, we identified PsCAP1, a novel type of secreted CAP protein that triggers immune responses in multiple solanaceous plants including N. benthamiana. This secreted CAP protein is conserved among oomycetes, and multiple PsCAP1 homologs can be recognized by N. benthamiana.
PsCAP1‐triggered immune responses depend on the N‐terminal immunogenic fragment (aa 27–151). Pretreatment of N. benthamiana with PsCAP1 or the immunogenic fragment increases plant resistance against Phytophthora. The recognition of PsCAP1 and different homologs requires the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein RCAP1, which associates with two central receptor‐like kinases BRI1‐associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) and suppressor of BIR1‐1 (SOBIR1) in planta.
These findings suggest that the CAP‐type apoplastic effectors act as an important player in plant–microbe interactions that can be perceived by plant membrane‐localized receptor to activate plant resistance.