bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18 mois plus tard : les conséquences du Brexit sur la pratique du Tribunal de l’Union européenne en droit des marques
Authors: Katchourine Alexandra , Pené Gwendal , Basire Yann 
Published: September 2023

Le 31 janvier 2020, le Royaume-Uni est officiellement sorti de l’Union européenne. Au-delà des considérations politiques et économiques qui l’entourent, le Brexit s’est apparenté à un véritable séisme juridique pour l’ensemble des matières « européanisées », au premier rang desquelles figurent, bien évidemment, la propriété intellectuelle et, plus particulièrement, le droit des marques 1 . Toutefois, avant d’évoquer les conséquences du Brexit sur le droit des marques, quelques rappels s’imposent.
Balanço de uma vida dedicada à história e à educação
Authors: Ávila Virgínia Pereira da Silva de , Santana Ziegler Sandra Sylvia 
Published: September 2023

A entrevista foi realizada dia 10 de março de 2023, com o professor Justino Magalhães numa tarde chuvosa de final de inverno, no seu gabinete no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. Foi uma revisão – reflexão – sobre a sua vida profissional e temas com os quais tem estado ocupado. Catorze dias após a entrevista, a 24 de abril de 2023, data em que comemorou 70 anos, encerrou as suas atividades como professor catedrático no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, iniciando uma nova fase como professor reformado.
PD-1–Targeted Immunotherapy: The Ligand Matters
Authors: Wieland Andreas , Rubinstein Mark P , Li Zihai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation,” a pivotal article written by Y. Latchman, C. R. Wood, T. Chernova, D. Chaudhary, M. Borde, I. Chernova, Y. Iwai, A. J. Long, J. A. Brown, R. Nunes, E. A. Greenfield, K. Bourque, V. A. Boussiotis, L. L. Carter, B. M. Carreno, N. Malenkovich, H. Nishimura, T. Okazaki, T. Honjo, A. H. Sharpe, and G. J. Freeman, and published in Nature Immunology, in 2001. https://www.nature.com/articles/ni0301_261.
Genetic Reduction of IRF5 Expression after Disease Initiation Reduces Disease in a Mouse Lupus Model by Impacting Systemic and End-Organ Pathogenic Pathways
Authors: Pellerin Alex , Tan Ying , Lu Simon , Bonegio Ramon G , Rifkin Ian R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gain-of-function polymorphisms in the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. Global homozygous or heterozygous deficiency of IRF5 from birth confers protection in many lupus mouse models. However, less is known about the effects of IRF5 targeting after autoimmunity has already developed. This is an important point to clarify when considering IRF5 as a potential therapeutic target in lupus. In this study, we demonstrate that genetic reduction of IRF5 expression after disease initiation reduces disease severity in the FcγRIIB−/− Y-linked autoimmune accelerating mouse lupus model. Reduction of IRF5 expression resulted in a decrease in splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and a reduction in splenic B cell activation and plasmablast numbers. Splenic T cell activation and differentiation were also impacted as demonstrated by an increase in the number of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a reduction in the number of memory/effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although serum antinuclear autoantibody levels were not altered, reduction in IRF5 expression led to decreased immune complex deposition and complement activation, diminished glomerular and interstitial disease, and a reduction in immune cell infiltrate in the kidney. Mechanistically, myeloid cells in the kidney produced less inflammatory cytokines after TLR7 and TLR9 activation. Overall, we demonstrate that genetic reduction of IRF5 expression during an active autoimmune process is sufficient to reduce disease severity. Our data support consideration of IRF5 as a therapeutic target and suggest that approaches targeting IRF5 in systemic lupus erythematosus may need to impact IRF5 activity both systemically and in target organs.
IFN-γ Limits Immunopathogenesis but Delays Fungal Clearance during Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Zhuo-Qian , Gigliotti Francis , Wright Terry W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High levels of IFN-γ are produced in the lung during an adaptive immune response to Pneumocystis, but the effects of this prototypical Th1 cytokine on fungal clearance and immunopathogenesis have not been fully defined. Therefore, Pneumocystis-infected immunodeficient mice were immune reconstituted and administered control or anti–IFN-γ neutralizing Ab to determine how IFN-γ regulates the balance between host defense and immune-mediated lung injury. Mice treated with anti–IFN-γ demonstrated an initial worsening of Pneumocystis pneumonia–related immunopathogenesis, with greater weight loss, heightened lung inflammation, and more severe pulmonary function deficits than control mice. However, IFN-γ neutralization also enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of Pneumocystis and accelerated fungal clearance. When anti–IFN-γ–treated mice were also given IL-4 and IL-13 to promote a Th2-biased lung environment, the accelerated fungal clearance was preserved, but the severity of immunopathogenesis was reduced, and a more rapid recovery was observed. A direct suppressive effect of IFN-γ on macrophages was required but was not solely responsible for delayed fungal clearance, suggesting that IFN-γ acts through multiple mechanisms that likely include modulation of both macrophage and Th polarization. Enhanced Pneumocystis clearance in anti–IFN-γ–treated and IFN-γR–deficient mice was associated with significantly elevated IL-17+ CD4+ T cells and IL-17 protein in the lungs. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-17, but not IL-4, signaling blocked the accelerated fungal clearance observed in anti–IFN-γ–treated mice. Together, these data demonstrate that although IFN-γ delays fungal clearance by suppressing the lung Th17 response, it also serves an important regulatory role that limits immunopathogenesis and preserves pulmonary function.
Detection of colistin resistance via four methods among Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Gautam Praveen Kumar , Tomar Shama 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
We aimed to find the most accurate and robust method for the detection of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria by comparing the performance of four methods.

Methods:
Colistin resistantance was determine by disk diffusion (DD), Etest, colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) and compared with standard broth microdilution (BMD) method.

Results:
An exploratory study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Jaipur, India, from November 2021 to November 2022. Of the 384 isolates tested, 41 (10.7%) were resistant against colistin by BMD and CBDE testing. Compared with BMD method, the categorical agreement of DD and Etest methods were 65.9% and 78.1%, respectively, and the rates of very major error were 34.1% and 21.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Due to the high frequency of very major error, the use of DD and Etest are not recommended by Clinical laboratory and standards institute (CLSI) for colistin susceptibility testing while CBDE is the recommended method which yields a categorical agreement of 100% with BMD method. The CBDE method can be used in routine laboratories for the detection of colistin resistance.
Can lumbar paraspinal muscle/fat ratio and spinopelvic parameters predict short-term outcomes after decompressive surgeries in lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis?
Authors: Karakoc Habib Canberk , Zileli Mehmet , Yaman Onur , Paksoy Kemal 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
We aimed to investigate whether the lumbar paraspinal muscle/fat ratio influences the outcomes of patients who had simple decompressive surgeries for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or lumbar spinal stenosis. We also wanted to see if the spinopelvic parameters change with surgery and whether this change influences the outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study on patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (20 patients) and LDH (20 patients) who underwent simple discectomy or decompressive surgery between November 2021 and May 2022. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were performed before and 3 months after surgery. Spinopelvic parameters were measured on whole spine radiographs before and 3 months after surgery. On axial magnetic resonance images, paraspinal muscle volume and muscle/fat ratios were calculated. All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS program.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in VAS, Oswestry, and JOA scores after surgery. We observed that more preoperative paraspinal muscle mass was positively correlated with lumbar lordosis (LL) and negatively correlated with sagittal vertical axis (SVA), VAS leg scores, and Oswestry scores. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between preoperative SVA and VAS leg scores.

Conclusion:
Despite limited number of patients, and shorter follow-ups, this prospective study demonstrates a correlation among the lumbar paraspinal muscle/fat ratio, preoperative/postoperative spinopelvic parameters, and surgical outcomes. Increased paraspinal muscle ratio was correlated with lower SVA values and increased LL; lower VAS leg scores; higher Oswestry scores which reflects better surgical outcomes.
Posttraumatic extraskeletal chondroma of the posterior neck: A systematic literature review on a rare finding and report of a case
Authors: Pompeo Edoardo , Gagliardi Filippo , Medone Marzia , Roncelli Francesca , De Domenico Pierfrancesco , Snider Silvia , Terreni Mariarosa , Mortini Pietro 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Extraskeletal chondromas (EC) are uncommon, benign cartilaginous tumours. Most common locations are upper and lower extremities. Location in the neck is extremely rare and reported only within the anterior compartment. Data are limited to just four case reports in the paediatric population. The first case of EC in neck’s posterior compartment is described herein. EC present peculiar features on imaging. Aetiology is unclear; however, trauma has been suggested as possible causative mechanism. Treatment of choice is surgical excision; recurrence is not uncommon, but additional removal seems to be resolutive. All cases in literature were asymptomatic, except for one presenting respiratory stridor. The present patient suffered from neck functional limitation and upper limb hypoesthesia. Symptoms improved after surgery in both cases. Imaging follow-up at 6 months in the present case showed no sign of recurrence. ECs are rare, benign lesions. However, they may be preoperatively misinterpreted as more malignant counterparts (both radiologically or histologically), so accurate diagnostic work-up and planning of the surgical procedure are essential.
Social trust and COVID-appropriate behavior
Authors: Kar Brajaballav , Kar Nilamadhab , Panda Madhu C 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
General trust and trust in various social institutions/agents are argued to positively influence the outcome, more so, in a crisis. Mitigating a crisis requires actions from individuals, family, friends, co-workers, various policymaking, and implementing agencies, media, and other agencies with whom people interact. In the COVID-19 situation, people individuals did not have a choice but to access essential services even with the risk of infection. Personal experiences also guide individuals' trust in various social groups and are responsible for taking individual action of protecting themselves in the pandemic. To what extent people trusted various social groups and observed appropriate behavior is investigated in this research.

Methods:
Responses were collected through a structured, web-based questionnaire where respondents self-reported their trust in various social agents and the extent to which they observed COVID-appropriate behavior. Respondents primarily belonged to the eastern part of India.

Results:
This study finds significant demographic differences in observing appropriate behavior leading to an identification of a vulnerable group. Second, trust in the inner group (family, friends, neighbors, and co-workers among others) is least important whereas trust in professionals and administrative institutions is the most important. Trust in the central government, media, and politicians among others is counterproductive to observing the appropriate behavior.

Conclusion:
People repose higher trust in professionals and administrative institutions in a crisis situation. Professional and administrative leadership helps in more effective crisis management leading to better behavioral compliance of the public. Any other leadership may be ineffective or counter-productive.
Multilevel zero inflated and hurdle models for under five-child mortality in Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya Madona Yunita 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Overcoming under-five mortality rate remains a great challenge for Indonesia to meet the national target despite its notable advancements and progress in reducing child mortality rate. Therefore, understanding risk factors of under-five mortality is essential to enhance the health and well-being of children. This research seeks to investigate associated factors of under-five mortality in Indonesia by using the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data.

Methods:
The multilevel zero-inflated and multilevel hurdle models are considered to handle unobserved heterogeneity that may occur at province level, and to model prevalence and risk of child death as a joint process, which are reported in terms of odds ratio (OR) and incidence ratio rate (IRR), respectively.

Results:
Lower number of household members (IRR = 0.803, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.784–0.823), older mother's age at first birth (IRR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.007–1.032), higher number of children ever born (IRR = 1.491, 95% CI: 1.450–1.533), lower mother's education (IRR = 1.224, 95% CI: 1.013–1.479), and lower father's education (IRR = 1.232, 95% CI: 1.015–1.495) are significantly associated with higher total death numbers in children before the age of 5 years. Furthermore, the odds of no child death are significantly higher among mother who use a contraceptive method (OR = 11.088, 95% CI: 6.659–18.462) and among household in higher quantile wealth (OR = 1.133, 95% CI: 1.005–1.277).

Conclusion:
This evidence-based empirical highlights priority risk factors that might provide insight for policymakers, health professional, and the community in general to design appropriate intervention to help reduce the burden of under-five mortality in the country.
Functional Retrocaval paraganglioma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Pal Dilip kumar , Sarkar Debansu , Tandon Mrinal 
Published: September 2023

Background: Functional paragangliomas are the rare curable cause of secondary hypertension.It usually occurs in the head and neck region but are rare in the retroperitoneum.

Case Report: We present a case of an 18 years old young boy who presented with the functional retrocaval paraganglioma.

Conclusion: Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare tumours with a limited number of cases reported. The localization in the retroperitoneal region is usually uncommon and is a challenge for surgical resection. Complete surgical resection remains the only curative treatment for paragangliomas.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN BEBAN PADA TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI DI UNIT LAYANAN PELANGGAN (ULP) MEDAN BARU
Authors: Hutagalung Mycael Gading Muda , Sitohang Parlindungan , Napitupulu Janter , Simamora Antonius M 
Published: September 2023

Semua system penyalur arus listrik akan mengalamii ketidakseimbangn beban .ketidak sseimbangan ini terjadi dalam system distriibusi tenaga listrk yang memakai jaringan listrik tegangan rendah .ini dikibatkan oleh karna waktu penghidupan beban listrik yang tidak serentak oleh pengguna listrik.ketidak seimbangn beban tersebut pada setiap pahase (R,S,T) akan membuat listrik mengalir di penghantarnetral trafo.Listrik yang mengalir tersebut dipenghantar netral trafo ini menyebabkan rugi-rugi (losses) yang akan membuat rugi PLN sebagai pembagi tenaga listrikk.dalam penelitian,bisa dikatakan jika semakin besar ketidak seimbangan fasa (r,s,t) maka akan besar arus yang akan mengaliri di kabel netral trafo sehingga rugi rugi (Losses) DI trafo akan meningkatkan.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BERBASIS KONSEP MERDEKA BELAJAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR KELAS XI SMA SWASTA GAJAH MADA MEDAN
Authors: Zai Yurina , Halawa Arna Dewi Setia , Susanto Irwan , Tampubolon Rameyanti 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbasis Konsep Merdeka Belajar Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Fisika Pada Materi Pokok Suhu dan Kalor kelas XI SMA Swasta Gajah Mada Medan T.P 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI semester I SMA Swasta Gajah Mada Medan yang terdiri dari atas 2 kelas dengan jumlah seluruh siswa adalah 50 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan acak kelas (cluster random sampling), dan menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas kelas XI MIA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen, yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis konsep merdeka belajar dan siswa kelas XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan tes dalam bentuk Essay pada materi suhu dan kalor yang terdiri dari 12 soal dan telah diuji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata- rata pretes kelas eksperimen adalah 48,27 dengan standar deviasi 4,78 dan pretes kelas kontrol adalah 44,36 dengan standar deviasi 4,66. Dari uji t dua pihak nilai pretes kedua kelas diperoleh thitung=1,91 dan ttabel=2,01 menunjukkan bahwa thitung < ttabel, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan kedua kelas adalah sama. Kemudian diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda, dan diakhir pembelajaran dilakukan postes untuk kedua kelas dan didapat nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen adalah 80,07 dengan standar diviasi 3,31 sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai postes sebesar 75,20 dengan standar diviasi 2,77. Berdasarkan uji homogenitas pretes diperoleh data Fhitung = 0,87 sedangkan Ftabel = 1,98 Karena Fhitung (0,87) < Ftabel (1,98) maka data penelitian pretes homogenitas, kemudian uji homogenitas postes diperoleh data Fhitung = 1,42 sedangkan Ftabel = 1,98 karena Fhitung (1,42) < Ftabel (1,98) maka data penelitian postes homogen, selanjutnya dilakukan uji statistik (uji t satu pihak ) diperoleh thitung = 5,70 dan ttabel =1,67 pada taraf nyata α = 0,05 dengan dk sebanyak 48. Karena thitung > ttabel yaitu (5,70 >1,67) maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis konsep merdeka belajar terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis fisika siswa SMA Swasta Gajah Mada Medan T.P 2022/2023.
HUBUNGAN PEMAHAMAN NILAI GOTONG ROYONG DENGAN SIKAP PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI DESA SUKA KEC.TIGAPANAH KAB.KARO TAHUN 2022
Authors: Tarigan Liasna Br , Malau Lamris , Purba Alimin , Naiborhu Murni 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan signifikan antara pemahaman nilai gotong royong dengan sikap peduli lingkungan di desa suka kec. tiganah kab. karo tahun 2022.Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional.Populasi dalam penilitan ini adalah seluruh masyarakat sejumlah 250 orang.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengambilan sampel teknik total sampel yaitu pengambilan sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah angket yang terdiri dari 20 item yang memiliki 4 pilihan ( a,b,c,d) yang sebeleumnya telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil uji persyaratan analisis data pemahaman nilai gotong royong berdistribusi normal dengan perhitungan x2hitung (39,57) < x2tabel ( 67,504) Data normalitas sikap peduli lingkungan berdistribusi normal dengan hasil perhitungan Y2hitung (39,57) < Y2tabel (67,504 )). Hasil uji linearitas data pemahaman nilai gotong royong dengan motivasi belajar adalah linear dengan persamaan Y = 941,72 +0,68 dikonsultasikan dengan Ftabel diperoleh FHhitung >Ftabel ( 4,34 >4,04).Uji kecenderungan Pemahaman nilai gotong royong (X) kategorikan cenderung sangat tinggi (30%) dan motivasi belajar (Y) kategori cenderung tinggi ( 26%). ..Hasil uji korelasi product moment yang diperoleh thitung > ttabel ( 2,966>0,679). maka hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemahaman nilai gotong royong dengan sikap peduli lingkungan didesa suka kec. Tigapanah kab. Karo tahun ka 2022.
Kata Kunci: Nilai Gotong Royong, Peduli Lingkungan
Etika Bekerja dalam Islam: Analisis Hadith-Hadith Relasi Etika Buruh Majikan
Authors: Soebarna Ahmad Baihaqi 
Published: September 2023

Bekerja merupakan ibadah dan karenanya seseorang diangkat derajatnya oleh Allah SWT. Di samping guna menerima hasil demi memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Salah satu kualifikasi pekerjaan dibutuhkan di samping tenaga, yakni dapat dipercaya. Kepercayaan merupakan bagian dari etika (akhlak) yang merupakan bagian dari source of values ajaran Islam, sebagaimana didakwahkan Muhammad SAW. Perbuatan Nabi Muhamamd SAW dalam konteks etika bekerja semata-mata demi mewujudkan kesetaraan derajat antar-umat manusia. Juga upaya menjaga keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban antar unsur pekerjaan, yakni buruh dan majikan. Berangkat dari keadilan dan kepatutan, Nabi Muhammad SAW berupaya mencapai keseimbangan dalam konteks bekerja.
Providing a Green Value Stream Map to Improve Production Performance
Authors: Alavi Somaieh , Siamaki Parisa , Mirmohammadsadeghi Seyedmehdi 
Published: September 2023

Today, the cement industry has gone through a growing trend. Achieving the country's economic development, social development and cultural development goals is essential. However, in line with these benefits, the environmental damage caused by cement factories is inevitable. In the present research, which was carried out to reduce environmental losses, value flow mapping and simulation by Arena software were used in two stages. It was determined in the first stage using the current simulated situation and the waste and environmental pollution created. Then by redrawing the future value flow map and using experts' opinions, the amount of reduced pollution caused by some measures was estimated. Then, in the second stage a new simulation was done to evaluate the reduced environmental pollution. The results of this research showed that by using the methods mentioned above in the primary production line process of the Cement Company, about 30% of waste and pollutions were reduced.

Received: 25 April 2023 | Revised: 25 June 2023 | Accepted: 27 July 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Somaieh Alavi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Supervision, Project administration. Parisa Siamaki: Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Seyedmehdi Mirmohammadsadeghi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Supervision.