bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between large FBN1 deletions and severe cardiovascular phenotype in Marfan syndrome: Analysis of two novel cases and analytical review of the literature
Authors: Buki Gergely , Szalai Renata , Pinter Adrienn , Hadzsiev Kinga , Melegh Bela , Rauch Tibor , Bene Judit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary connective tissue disorder. Severe cardiovascular manifestations (i.e., aortic aneurysm and dissection) are the most life‐threatening complications. Most of the cases are caused by mutations, a minor group of which are copy number variations (CNV), in the FBN1 gene.MethodsMultiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification test was performed to detect CNVs in 41 MFS patients not carrying disease‐causing mutations in FBN1 gene. Moreover, the association was analyzed between the localization of CNVs, the affected regulatory elements and the cardiovascular phenotypes among all cases known from the literature.ResultsA large two‐exon deletion (exon 46 and 47) was identified in two related patients, which was associated with a mild form of cardiovascular phenotype. Severe cardiovascular symptoms were found significantly more frequent in patients with FBN1 large deletion compared to our patients with intragenic small scale FBN1 mutation. Bioinformatic data analyses of regulatory elements located within the FBN1 gene revealed an association between the deletion of STAT3 transcription factor‐binding site and cardiovascular symptoms in five out of 25 patients.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that large CNVs are often associated with severe cardiovascular manifestations in MFS and the localization of these CNVs affect the phenotype severity.
Pastoralism, hunting, and coexistence: Domesticated and wild bovids in Neolithic Sudan
Authors: Monroe Shayla , Smith Stuart Tyson , McClure Sarah B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interactions between mobile pastoralists and semi‐sedentary Nilotic foraging groups in the Middle Nile Valley had long‐term implications for the development of social complexity as seen in the ancient African kingdom of Kerma. This study presents the results of the zooarcheological analysis of animal remains from two sites in the 4th cataract of the Nile valley, El Ginefab and Shemkhiya, and compares findings to other published sites in the region during a period of significant climatic change. Results indicate that the communities living at Shemkhiya and El Ginefab differed in terms of their meat preferences and their primary modes of bovid acquisition, and that pastoralist practices changed at El Ginefab through time. Hunting remained an important feature of subsistence practices, and regional comparisons indicate that the acquisition of wild bovids did not disappear with incorporation of domesticated livestock; however, pastoralists limited their hunting practices to smaller wild bovids in contrast to neighboring forager populations. A clear chronological overlap is documented between communities reliant on pastoralism and those reliant on hunting as a subsistence practice for several millennia. This highlights the need to more explicitly characterize and understand the dynamics of coexistence for the spread and establishment of pastoralism regionally, as well as how social ties, subsistence practices, and land use practices overlapped during periods of critical environmental changes and their implications for emerging social complexity.
PEDOT:PSS‐bacterial cellulose bilayer actuators: From the movement of ions to deflection
Authors: Najathulla Bhagavathi Chalil , Kumar Sukesh , Deshpande Atul Suresh , Khandelwal Mudrika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHere, the role of the voltage waveform and the electrolytic ions in the actuation mechanism of Poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/bacterial cellulose bilayer actuator is reported. PEDOT:PSS/bacterial cellulose‐based bilayer actuator was fabricated, and its mechanism under a square and triangular wave potential at multiple frequencies was studied. The actuation was performed with HCL, KCl, and LiCl electrolytes. The deflection of the actuator was found to be dependent on the time period of the voltage waveform. The deflection for opposite biases showed frequency‐dependent asymmetry. Further, the actuator deflection was found to be related to the hydrodynamic size of cations present in electrolytes. The results indicate a cation‐dominated actuation mechanism for PEDOT:PSS/bacterial cellulose bi‐layer actuator.
Anterior extension of the choroid plexus into the frontal horns of the fetal lateral cerebral ventricles: Prenatal findings and postnatal outcome
Authors: Ashwal Eran , Blaser Susan , Leckie Ashley , Kajal Dilkash , Krishnan Pradeep , Chong Karen , Roifman Maian , Toi Ants , Chitayat David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the short‐ and long‐term outcome of fetuses with evidence of extension of the choroid plexus into the frontal horns.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of fetuses diagnosed with isolated choroid plexi extending into the frontal horns. Fetuses with major central nervous system anomalies were excluded. Ultrasound and fetal/postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. Postnatal outcomes, including developmental assessment, were obtained.ResultsTwenty nine fetuses were diagnosed with choroid plexus extension (22 unilateral and 7 bilateral). Gestational age at diagnosis was 19.3 weeks. Three cases (10.3%) presented with nonspecific extra‐CNS findings. At presentation, 8/29 (28%) cases had single/multiple choroid plexus cysts (CPC). Twenty‐six (89.6%) cases underwent antenatal MRI. On MRI, four cases had punctate susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) foci suggesting trace hemosiderin and two cases had ventriculomegaly. Antenatal follow‐up demonstrated resolution of the choroid plexus extension in 90% (18/20). Gestational age at delivery was 39.6 weeks. All had normal neurologic examinations within 24 h of life. Postnatal MRI studies were notable for deep venous differences in seven cases. Long‐term clinical outcome was assessed in 14 cases with a median follow‐up of 1.75 years, with normal neurodevelopment reported in 13/14 (92.8%).ConclusionsMost fetuses with an anterior extension of the choroid plexus as the sole sonographic finding had favorable outcomes.
Wetting and friction behavior of chemically bonded PA‐PTFE‐oil compounds
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duong , Farshchi Negin , Ulbricht Tim Johannes Thomas , Schmidt Thomas , Marschner Anne , Auernhammer Günter K. , Stommel Markus , Voit Brigitte , Gedan‐Smolka Michaela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and olefinic oils are incompatible. High‐energy radiation in the presence of oxygen can break the PTFE chain, generating hydrophilic functional groups (COF, COOH) and peroxy‐radicals. Based on the functional groups and radicals, it is possible to establish a chemical bond between PA and PTFE as well as between PTFE and olefinic oil molecules. This study prepared PA‐PTFE‐oil‐cb compounds (cb: chemically bonded) by reactive extrusion. The compounds wetting behavior are analyzed by contact angle measurement. Additionally, the sliding properties of the compound are investigated by micro friction testing against stainless steel. Due to good fragmentation and dispersion of PTFE in PA12 matrix, the PA12‐MP1100‐cb and PA12‐MP1100‐MO‐cb compounds show a slight change in wetting behavior compared to virgin PA12. In contrast, the wetting behavior of compounds based on PA46 increases dramatically compared to virgin PA46. Moreover, due to the chemical bonding, the PA‐PTFE‐cb compound surface is significantly smoother than a physical blend used as a model compound. Similarly, the compounds based on PA12 and PA66‐matrix show improved tribological properties compared to PA46‐based compounds. COF values for PA66 and PA12‐Z7321 are 0.69 and 0.55, respectively. In comparison, PA66‐MP1100‐MO‐cb and PA12‐MP1100‐MO‐cb (Z7321) have COF value of 0.34 and 0.38, respectively.
Quality assessment of Telenomus remus successively reared on Spodoptera litura eggs for 30 generations
Authors: Chen Wanbin , Liu Huan , Chen Bin , Chen Junjie , Wang Mengqing , Shen Zhongjian , Li Yuyan , Mao Jianjun , Zhang Lisheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTelenomus remus (Nixon) is a dominant natural enemy controlling the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Continuous rearing of egg parasitoids on alternative hosts is crucial for mass production and cost reduction. However, to ensure the effectiveness of natural enemy products against target pests in the field, it is necessary to evaluate the parasitoid quality during the mass‐rearing process. Despite the successful rearing of this parasitoid on the alternative host Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) eggs, less attention has been paid to the quality of parasitoids continuously reared for multiple generations. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of T. remus reared on S. litura eggs for 30 generations via morphological characteristics, flight ability, and life table analysis.RESULTSWing length, wing width, body length, and right hind tibia length of T. remus did not differ among the different generations. However, the body length of female parasitoids was significantly longer than that of males for any generation. Although the proportion of ‘flyers’ and ‘deformed’ T. remus varied among generations, the flight ability did not decline significantly after rearing on S. litura eggs. Moreover, T. remus continuously reared on S. litura eggs maintained stable parasitism performance and life table parameters on the target host S. frugiperda eggs.CONCLUSIONS. litura eggs are suitable hosts for the mass‐rearing of T. remus. This study can be subsequently used to guide the production and facilitate the application of T. remus in the control of S. frugiperda. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Monitoring reduced accumulation and risk evaluation of Cry1Ca during food chain transfer from genetically engineered plant to endoparasitoid
Authors: Wen Dong , Li Mengyu , Dong Xinxin , Han Kehong , Yu Jiukun , Cai Yujuan , Hua Hongxia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential risk of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered (GE) plants to nontarget organisms have long been an ecotoxicological concern. Apanteles chilonis, an important endoparasitoid of rice pest Chilo suppressalis, potentially is exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins through a food chain of transgenic Bt rice – C. suppressalis – A. chilonis, and thus, a rigorous risk assessment is urgently needed. Here, we combined a tri‐trophic bioassay system with high‐dose exposure approach using C. suppressalis hemolymph as the carrier of insecticidal protein to evaluate the biosafety of Cry1Ca to A. chilonis.RESULTSCry1Ca protein could be transmitted and retained along the food chain and remains bioactive in the hemolymph of C. suppressalis during the pre‐adult duration of A. chilonis. No significant differences in pre‐adult period, male and female longevity, adult fecundity and weight, emergence rate nor sex ratio were observed when A. chilonis parasitized C. suppressalis feeding on cry1Ca rice compared with control treatment. However, the pupal period and weight were significantly prolonged and decreased. When A. chilonis parasitized C. suppressalis injected with a high dosage of Cry1Ca protein, no adverse effects on the life‐history parameters, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione reductase (GR) of A. chilonis were observed, demonstrating that the host quality mediates adverse effects during the food chain.CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed that Cry1Ca posed no ecological risk to the nontarget endoparasitoid A. chilonis. This study may serve as an example for future risk assessment of transgenic crops to nontarget endoparasitoids. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Examination of electronically mismatched Diels–Alder reaction by on‐line mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Jianghui , Cao Mengyu , Ge Xiyang , Ouyang Jin , Na Na 
Published: March 2023

RationaleElectronically mismatched Diels–Alder reactions have gained much attention as an alternative pathway for C–C bond formation. To facilitate the development of facile organic transformations, mechanistic investigations are required. Spectroscopic methods (NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance and UV–visible) are normally adopted for mechanistic examinations, but further improvements in directly obtaining structural information of short‐lived intermediates are encouraged. Herein, an electronically mismatched Diels–Alder reaction between indole and 1,3‐cyclohexadiene was studied using in situ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (in situ ESI‐MS). Based on direct sampling and detection of the in situ ESI‐MS without sample pretreatment, the structures and dynamics of important intermediates were examined on‐line.MethodsA syringe‐based photocatalytic reactor and in situ ambient MS (AMS) evaluation system was constructed for mechanism studies. The role of oxygen was confirmed via control reaction employed in the N2‐bubbled system. The stepwise cation radical‐based pathway and the [2 + 2] cycloaddition process were determined through a series of experiments, including solvent evaluation, MS/MS experiments and dynamic monitoring.ResultsThe dependence of the reaction on solvent polarity demonstrated that the reaction occurs via the formation of cation radicals, which were captured, identified and dynamically monitored via in situ ESI‐MS. Without pre‐separation, the intermediate of [2 + 2] cycloaddition was identified and the cycloaddition process was thereby determined to be the combination of [4 + 2] cycloaddition and [2 + 2] cycloaddition. In addition, oxygen was proved to act as an electron mediator for both catalyst Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 and radical cations.ConclusionsThe mechanism of an electronically mismatched Diels–Alder reaction was successfully deduced by in situ MS associated with a syringe‐based photocatalytic reactor. The structures and dynamics of cation radicals, the effect of O2 for the reaction and the detailed process of [2 + 2] cycloaddition have been well demonstrated. This work could not only promote the understanding and development of facile photocatalytic transformations, but also enlarge the application range of AMS in on‐line monitoring.
Electron ionization mass spectrometry fragmentation routes of Chemical Weapons Convention‐related organoarsenic compounds: Electron ionization and density functional theory studies
Authors: Eskandari Masomeh , Faraz Sajjad Mousavi , Hosseini Seyed Esmaeil , Moradi Shahram , Saeidian Hamid 
Published: March 2023

RationaleFor unambiguous identification of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals in environmental and biological samples, access to mass spectra and expertise in spectral interpretation is required. As of today, there is no mass spectrum available for dialkyl alkylarsonodithioites in the literature. Therefore, it is essential to obtain spectral information about these compounds.MethodsCWC‐related organoarsenic compounds were synthesized and analyzed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS), and their retention index (RI) was calculated by Van Den Dool’s method. The relationship between RI and density functional theory (DFT)‐calculated polarizability (⍺) and molecular weight was also studied. Electron ionization (EI) mode was used to investigate the general fragmentation patterns of the synthesized compounds. A DFT analysis of some major fragment ions was performed in order to confirm the fragmentation pathways.ResultsA linear relationship between RI and ⍺ is observed. The mass spectra of compounds 5–7 are affected by alkyl groups on sulfur and arsenic atoms. The molecular ions of compounds 5–7 can be observed in their EI‐MS spectra with relatively good abundance. EI‐MS studies revealed some interesting fragmentation pathways, such as the formation of arsenic analogue of benzylic and tropylium cations in EI‐MS of chemicals 6.ConclusionsBy analyzing the mass spectra and RI values, it is possible to detect CWC‐related chemicals in aqueous, blood and urine samples during an on‐site or off‐site inspection.
Disasters as opportunities for enhancing sustainability values: Disaster experience and environmental awareness in rural China
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates whether people in general alter their perception of environmental pollution after disasters and the extent to which individual and contextual characteristics moderate this relationship. Results of multilevel regression analyses of data from rural China indicate that the experience of disasters heightens awareness of environmental pollution in local communities, net of various individual‐level and community‐level factors. Additionally, well‐maintained social relationships between villagers attenuate the impact of disasters and make people less aware of environmental pollution, and environmental degradation in the village enhances the impact and increases people's environmental awareness. Furthermore, the impact is not significantly different between residents in villages of different economic levels, and between residents of different levels of socioeconomic status. The results highlight the potential for promoting sustainability after experiencing disruptive shocks and stressors triggered by disasters, and demonstrate that it is crucial to understand environmental awareness as a dynamic process in changing local contexts.
Fog computing security: A review
Authors: Jumani Awais Khan , Shi Jinglun , Laghari Asif Ali , Hu Zhihui , Nabi Aftab ul , Qian Huang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFog computing, also known as edge computing, is a decentralized computing architecture that brings computing and data storage closer to the users and devices that need it. It offers several advantages over traditional cloud computing, such as lower latency, improved reliability, and enhanced security. As the Internet of Things continues to grow, the demand for fog computing is also increasing, making it an important topic for research and development. However, the deployment of fog computing also brings new technical challenges and security risks. For example, fog nodes are often deployed in resource‐constrained environments and are exposed to potential security threats, such as malware and attacks on devices connected to the network. In addition, the decentralized nature of fog computing creates new challenges in terms of privacy, security, and data management. This survey aims to address these technical challenges and research gaps in the field of fog computing security. It provides an overview of the current state of fog computing and its security challenges, and identifies key areas for future research. The survey also highlights the importance of fog computing security and the need for continued investment in this area in order to fully realize the potential of this promising technology.
Objective understanding of the principle of relativity (Methodological theses)
Authors: Bogdanov Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEinstein's special and general theories of relativity are easily understandable and present no contradictions to a scientific worldview that from the very start understands objectivity to be the product of the cognition of collective humanity. The mysteries and paradoxes of Einsteinian relativity are a consequence of thinking in bi‐subjective terms, of only two observers who move away from one another, and they are removed when considered from the perspective of systems of interconnected elements that are in motion, and when the subjectivity of individual observers and the fact that a deforming environment always exists between an object and its image are taken into account.
Effects of high rebar casting temperature on porosity andCa/Siratio at steel–concrete interface of reinforced concrete
Authors: Chen Lijie , Lee Shek Ping Justin , Su Ray Kai Leung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates effects of elevated rebar casting temperature on the interfacial porosity and Ca/Si ratio of the steel‐concrete interface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental variables including rebar casting temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, 55°C, 70°C, and 85°C, water/cement ratios of 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60, and rebar diameters of 10 and 20 mm are considered. Large capillary pores of steel–concrete interface (SCI) were quantified by backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and Ca/Si ratio of hydration products of SCI were obtained by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The results were analyzed by using statistical methods (ANOVA analysis and Pearson correlation analysis). Results indicate that the average interfacial porosity and the average Ca/Si ratio can increase as a result of heated rebar effects. Heated rebar effects can be enhanced by increasing rebar diameter. Impact ranges of the heated rebar effects are also presented.
Roles of Kampo medicine in chemotherapy‐related adverse events
Authors: Nishiuchi Takamasa , Nomura Kotone , Suezawa Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, multidisciplinary treatment of cancer has greatly improved the results of cancer treatment. In particular, the development of molecular targeted drugs and cancer immunotherapy drugs has been carried out for many carcinomas, and this has had an important role in improving outcomes. At the same time, there have been important advances in supportive care‐related drugs, with a focus on antiemesis or neutropenia. Here, we overview the clinical roles and potential of the use and utilization of Kampo medicine.ProblemsThe side effects of cancer treatments include various symptoms, such as fatigue, numbness, and loss of appetite that are often difficult for modern medicine to deal with. When experienced, these side effects can make it difficult to continue chemotherapy because of malnutrition, infections, psychological burdens, and so on. In such cases, effective supportive care is very important as it is impossible to derive an anticancer effect unless chemotherapy can be continued.SolutionsLately, the application of traditional Japanese medicine, ‘Kampo’, to cancer supportive care has attracted attention to improve the results of cancer treatment and the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Especially, the Kampo formulae, called ‘Ho‐zai’, which demonstrate supplementing potencies, have been reported to improve nutritional and immune status. In addition, their effects on both mind and body are recognized.ConclusionsThe application of Kampo therapy in cancer supportive care is considered to be indispensable not only for improving treatment outcomes, but also for improving the quality of cancer treatments and the QOL of cancer patients in the latest treatment of cancer.