bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of superficial micro‐focused ultrasound with visualization for melasma in Asians: An uncontrolled pilot study
Authors: Lim Joyce Teng Ee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of melasma is multifactorial, resulting in treatment resistance and a high recurrence rate. Recent research suggests that focused ultrasound might treat melasma effectively.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of superficial micro‐focused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) for melasma in Asians.MethodsPatients (n = 20) with mixed melasma on both cheeks received 2 MFU‐V treatments spaced 1 month apart. At monthly visits over 5 months, treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated. Standardized photographs were clinically assessed using the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), and 6‐point grading scales for melasma lightening and area of involvement. Patients provided pain, global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS), and satisfaction assessments.ResultsIn 40 cheeks, the mean mMASI score was significantly reduced from 13.2 at baseline to 2.4 at month 4, and 2.8 at month 5. Twenty‐nine cheeks (72.5%) showed lightening of melasma at month 4 that persisted until month 5, with improvements up to 75% compared to baseline. Melasma area decreased overall, with sites containing >30% melasma involvement decreasing from 55% to 20% by month 5, and none with 70%–89% involvement. Melasma lightening and area improved visibly in 40% and 20% of cheeks, respectively, as early as 1 month after index MFU‐V treatment. Improvements continued after the second treatment and persisted until study closure, correlating with patient GAIS and satisfaction scores. Procedure was well tolerated with only mild‐to‐moderate pain reported in 92.5% of treatments.ConclusionSuperficial MFU‐V is a safe and effective treatment for melasma.
Impact of Korea's Non‐regular Worker Protection Act on job satisfaction
Authors: Choi Koangsung , Choe Chung , Kim Yoo Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExploiting the exogenous introduction of the Non‐regular Worker Protection Act on non‐regular workers, this paper examines the impact of this law's enactment on workers' job satisfaction. Using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, we apply a difference‐in‐differences method combined with propensity score matching to confirm the common trends assumption and construct a comparable control group. We investigate workers' job satisfaction in terms of the following categories: satisfaction with wages, satisfaction with job stability, satisfaction with working conditions, and overall satisfaction. Our results indicate positive effects of the Non‐regular Worker Protection Act on job satisfaction for all workers affected by the law, including those who converted from non‐regular employment to regular employment.
Towards establishing what linguists think the general public should know about language: Salient versus important issues in linguistics
Authors: Lehecka Tomas , Östman Jan‐Ola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to develop effective strategies of science communication and public outreach in linguistics, one needs to choose what topics to prioritise in such efforts. We carried out a global online survey study among experts in linguistics (n = 538) asking what they perceive as the most important facts about language that the general public should be aware of. We used two distinct methods to collect the respondents' opinions: open‐ended text responses and rating questions. In this paper, we compare the findings from the two tasks and we discuss the differences between them. Thus, the paper constitutes a methodologically‐laden commentary on the nature of linguists' opinions on what everyone should know about language. We argue that both open‐ended responses and rating questions provide valuable information about linguists' views, but from different perspectives. In particular, we see a need to distinguish between what issues are the most salient to linguists, and what issues are perceived as the most important. The aim of our study is to provide a starting point for a rich and methodologically diverse line of research—and, consequently, for an empirically‐based debate—on the public relevance of language‐related knowledge and the role of linguists as science communicators in disseminating that knowledge.
Convergence insufficiency symptom survey: A tool to evaluate convergence excess in young adults
Authors: Pang Yi , Gabriel Helen , Tan Qing‐Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effectiveness of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in evaluating visual symptoms in young adults with convergence excess (CE).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed based on a population of optometry students. Comprehensive binocular vision tests including cover test, near point of convergence, fusional vergence and accommodative amplitude, were performed. Participants were categorised into three groups: normal binocular vision (NBV), CE and CE + accommodative insufficiency (AI) (i.e., CE + AI). The CISS was administered to each participant. An analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was performed to compare clinical measures among the three groups. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the ability of CISS to differentiate CE from the NBV population.ResultsA total of 181 participants were enrolled, including 96 in the NBV group, 66 in the CE group and 19 in the CE + AI group. A significant difference in CISS score was detected between the three groups (p < 0.001). Post‐hoc tests showed significantly higher CISS scores in the CE group (16.7 ± 10.8) and the CE + AI group (19.7 ± 10.9) compared with the NBV group (12.2 ± 7.8) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005, respectively), with no difference between the CE and the CE + AI groups (p = 0.52). The ROC curve showed the CISS poorly (but significantly) differentiated CE from NBV (area under the curve = 0.62, p = 0.01). The optimal cutoff value for a CISS score to differentiate CE was 16, with sensitivity and specificity of 52% and 72%, respectively.ConclusionsYoung adults with CE had significantly higher CISS scores than those with NBV. Although using the CISS solely for diagnosing CE is not recommended, it can be used to provide a measure of symptoms in individuals identified as having CE based on clinical measurements.
Light on perenniality: Para‐dormancy is based on ABA‐GA antagonism and endo‐dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis
Authors: Veerabagu Manikandan , van der Schoot Christiaan , Turečková Veronika , Tarkowská Danuše , Strnad Miroslav , Rinne Päivi L. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPerennial para‐ and endo‐dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para‐dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo‐dormancy is the short‐day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para‐dormancy, whereas endo‐dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA‐deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox‐biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA‐metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non‐13‐hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4‐inducible α‐ and γ‐clade 1,3‐β‐glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD‐callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA‐deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo‐dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short‐day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para‐dormancy, PD‐callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short‐day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo‐dormancy.
Nurses’ perceptions of climate sensitive vector‐borne diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Vandenberg Shannon Y. , Chircop Andrea , Sedgwick Monique , Scott David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveNurses are well positioned to play an integral role in the mitigation of climate change and climate‐driven vector‐borne diseases, however, they lack awareness and knowledge about their role. The purpose of this scoping review was to map existing literature on nurses’ perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with vector‐borne diseases, specifically Lyme disease and West Nile virus.DesignA scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Premium, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Web of Science were searched for English‐language publications. The PRISMA‐ScR was used. After initial screening as per study protocol, a total of 33 items were reviewed independently by four reviewers.ResultsThirty‐three articles, including seven sources from grey literature, met the criteria for this scoping review. Results were mapped according to the five domains of the Guidelines for Undergraduate Nursing Education on Climate‐Driven Vector‐Borne Diseases.ConclusionsFindings from the review indicate that nurses play a role in climate‐related health effects and should be knowledgeable about vector‐borne diseases. However, scant literature exists on nurses’ knowledge, perceptions, attitudes toward vector‐borne diseases, and practice readiness, signifying a need for further research on this emerging topic.
Enhanced nodulation and phosphorus acquisition from sparingly‐soluble iron phosphate upon treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in chickpea
Authors: Pang Jiayin , Ryan Megan H. , Wen Zhihui , Lambers Hans , Liu Yifei , Zhang Yi , Tueux Guillaume , Jenkins Sasha , Mickan Bede , Wong Wei San , Yong Jean Wan Hong , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe coordination/trade‐off among below‐ground strategies for phosphorus (P) acquisition, including root morphology, carboxylate exudation and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is not well understood. This is the first study investigating the relationships between root nodulation, morphology, carboxylates and colonisation by an indigenous community of AMF under varying P levels and source. Two chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates were grown in pots at six P levels (from 0 to 160 μg g−1) as KH2PO4 (KP, highly soluble) or FePO4 (FeP, sparingly soluble), with or without AMF (±AMF) treatment. Under both FeP and KP, the presence of AMF inhibited shoot growth and shoot branching, decreased total root length and specific root length, increased mean root diameter and root tissue density and reduced carboxylates. However, the role of AMF in acquiring P differed between the two P sources, with the enhanced P acquisition under FeP while not under KP. Co‐inoculation of AMF and rhizobia enhanced nodulation under FeP, but not under KP. Our results suggest that the effects of AMF on shoot branching were mediated by cytokinins as the reduced shoot branching in FeP40 and KP40 under +AMF relative to −AMF coincided with a decreased concentration of cytokinins in xylem sap for both genotypes.
Predictability and decomposability separately contribute to compositional processing of idiomatic language
Authors: Hubbard Ryan , Bulkes Nyssa , Lai Vicky Tzuyin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen reading, comprehenders construct a message‐level representation and integrate new information as it becomes available. Such compositional processing may differ for idioms, where the meanings of the individual words do not always relate to the figurative meaning. Here, we examined how predictability and idiom decomposability contribute to compositional processing. Participants' EEG was recorded while they read sentences containing idioms that varied in decomposability and phrase‐final word cloze probability, or their literal match (break the ice/slip on the ice) with little context prior to the phrase, along with adjective insertion conditions (break the freezing ice/slip on the freezing ice). Cloze probability modulated N400 amplitudes to critical words for both idiomatic and literal phrases, whereas P600 amplitudes only elicited by idiomatic phrases were also modulated. Phrases with adjective insertions reduced acceptability judgments, particularly for idioms, and led to N400 amplitude differences compared to critical words, but only for idioms. N400 differences were also found between idiomatic and literal contexts at the point of adjective insertion. Additionally, both cloze probability and decomposability modulated gamma band activity, with greater gamma activity for more predictable and less decomposable idioms, but at different times and with different scalp topographies, suggesting dissociable components of processing. These results support a hybrid model of processing in which multiple linguistic factors determine the type of processing engaged by the brain to comprehend non‐literal language. When prior context is minimal, compositional processing may still be engaged when reading idioms.
Visual supervision of large‐scope heat source factories based on knowledge graph
Authors: Lai Jianbo , Zhu Jun , Luo Niya , Zhang Yao , Zuo Li , Guo Yukun , You Jigang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a result of limited resources and economic development acting as dual bottleneck constraints, optimizing industrial layout structures has been a general trend in heavy industry. The visual supervision of heat source factories based on integrated multidimensional information is important for optimizing an industrial layout. Based on Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) I‐band 375‐m active fire product (VNP14IMG) data, point of interest data, enterprise attribute information and other data, combined with clustering regression, knowledge graphs (KGs), 3D geographic information systems, and other technical methods, the temporal and spatial variations in China's heat source industries are macroscopically analyzed, and a visual supervision platform for heat source industries with functions such as visualization, time‐series analysis, and knowledge discovery is established. The results show that: (1) overall, heat source factories exhibit a spatial pattern of dense in the east and sparse in the west, and the number of industrial heat source objects and the number of industrial fire hotspots decreased from 2013 to 2021, with rates of decline of 22.0 and 27.3%, respectively; (2) the enterprise KG, which contains basic enterprise information, dynamic enterprise risk information and enterprise equity structure information, can provide users with accurate and reliable enterprise knowledge; and (3) the remote sensing monitoring information platform for heat source factories performs well in terms of the discovery and management of heat source factories at large scale. In general, the platform constructed in this study can support the rapid monitoring and positioning of industrial heat sources over large areas to improve supervision in terms of finding problems and preventing risks and to provide a necessary reference for optimizing industrial spatial patterns and environmental governance.
Impact of COVID‐19 on abdominal organ transplantation: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rawashdeh Badi , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , Abuassi Mohammad , Syaj Sebawe , Jeyyab Mohammad Abu , Pearson Terra , Kim Joohyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal solid organ transplant (SOT) programs have been hit hard by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which was officially declared as such on March 11, 2020. Over two years, the tightening and softening of limitations in response to the “waves” of infection and COVID‐19 fluctuations have provided distinct issues for waitlisted patients, transplant recipients, and transplant organizations.MethodWe searched Scopus using the terms “transplant” and “transplantation,” and organ‐related phrases like “intestin*,” “liver,” “kidney,” “hepatic,” “renal,” and “pancrea*,” as well as COVID‐19 terms such as “COVID‐19,” “coronavirus,” and “SARS‐CoV‐2.” We included articles, reviews, conference papers, letters, notes, editorials, brief surveys, book chapters, and errata and studied nations, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and articles. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Excel were used to create tables and figures.ResultsWe included 1,251 of 1,256 studies. Among them, 289 (23.1%), 489 (39.1%), and 473 (37.8%) papers were published in 2020, 2021, and 2022, with mean (SD) citations of 30.3 (53.3), 14.3 (26.8), and 4.79 (6.38), respectively. Compared to other abdominal organs, the field of kidney transplants had the highest number of articles describing the impact of COVID‐19. The United States contributed the most articles, and the American Journal of Transplantation published the most articles.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric investigation of the impact of COVID‐19 on SOT. This report provides an overview of the research conducted on SOT and COVID‐19. There is potential for this bibliometric analysis to serve as a beneficial and practical resource for ongoing and future research.
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Perceptions of fatigue and neuromuscular measures of performance fatigability during prolonged low‐intensity elbow flexions
Authors: Marzouk Monica , McKeown Daniel J. , Borg David N. , Headrick Jonathon , Kavanagh Justin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of performance fatigability and commonly used scales that quantify perceptions of fatigue during exercise. Twenty healthy participants (age 23 ± 3 years, 10 female) performed 10 submaximal isometric elbow flexions at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 min, separated by 45 s of rest. Biceps brachii muscle electromyography and elbow flexion torque responses to single‐pulse TMS were obtained at the end of each contraction to assess central factors of performance fatigability. A rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, Omnibus Resistance scale, Likert scale, Rating of Fatigue scale and a visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess perceptions of fatigue at the end of each contraction. The RPE (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.144) and Rating of Fatigue (RMSE = 0.145) scales were the best predictors of decline in MVC torque, whereas the Likert (RMSE= 0.266) and RPE (RMSE= 0.268) scales were the best predictors of electromyographic amplitude. Although the Likert (RMSE = 7.6) and Rating of Fatigue (RMSE = 7.6) scales were the best predictors of voluntary muscle activation of any scale, the number of contractions performed during the protocol was a better predictor (RMSE = 7.3). The ability of the scales to predict TMS measures of performance fatigability were in general similar. Interestingly, the number of contractions performed was a better predictor of TMS measures than the scales themselves.
Noise Reduction in Cabin Airplanes
Authors: Bassett Preston R. , Zand Stephen J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Any new form of transportation generally brings some new sort of nuisance to the persons using it. Air transportation, the newest and fastest form of travel, is no exception, and the chief deterrent to air travel is the noise to which the passengers are subjected. As it is impossible to discuss any physical phenomena without having measuring units and methods of securing them, a description of the decibel scale as well as a discussion of the commonly used noisemeter is given, including a description of a most inexpensive, simple, and yet very reliable tuning-fork method.
Utility of Variable-Displacement Oil-Pressure Pumps for Hot-Pressing in Plywood Operations
Authors: Benedek Elek K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Variable-displacement pumps or generators form the primary part of a complete hydraulic energy transformer, the secondary part of which is a hydraulic motor. Hydraulic transformers of fluid drives are becoming more and more useful for all kinds of modern production machinery, such as presses, machine tools, automotive engines, cranes, etc., because of certain advantages offered along the line of the modern power-transmission problems. The flow of chemical energy occurs in the form of a fuel and air compound, into an internal-combustion engine, where it will be transformed to thermal and partly mechanical energy. The mechanical energy flows further in periodic impulses to the crankshaft of the engine in the form of a mechanical direct-current energy, where through the flywheel of the shaft it will be somewhat smoothed out, so that in a mechanical-electrical energy transformer it will be transformed to direct-current or alternating-current energy. These currents finally reach the electromotor of the shop, which operates the drive shafts of mechanical or hydraulic energy transmission apparatus, transmission-belt shafts, gear transmissions of machine tools, electromotors of press pumps, etc.
Performance of Two 101,000-Sq-Ft Surface Condensers
Authors: Landis J. N. , Tucker S. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The results of tests of two 101,000-sq-ft single-pass condensers in the Hudson Avenue Station of the Brooklyn Edison Company are summarized, and the design features are briefly described. The steam-flow path of the Worthington condenser is through an effectively shallow tube bank of the folded-layer type, having deep inlet lanes to facilitate the passage of steam with minimum pressure drop. The entire tube bank is contained in a practically cylindrical shell. In the Ingersoll-Rand unit the generally heart-shaped shell maintains with a decreasing volume of steam an active flow over all tubes. Bypass lanes around the top sections of tubes allow part of the steam to reach the lower tube banks without passing through the top section. The Worthington air cooler is placed internal to the shell as being the most convenient location and involving the least costly construction. The Ingersoll-Rand design uses an external air cooler to provide a more efficient design of flow areas. Reheating is provided for in the condensate circuits of both units, the Worthington using a contact-type reheating hotwell integral with the condenser and the Ingersoll-Rand having a 1600-sq-ft-surface closed reheater after the condensate pump, supplied with steam from one of the top bypass belts. Steam-flow control, air removal, and circulating systems are compared.
Some Observations on Spins
Authors: Gwinn J. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spins may be divided into two classes, controlled and uncontrolled. In the controlled spin there is immediate response to control, while in the uncontrolled spin the response occurs some time later or even not at all after the controls have been moved. The problem is to avoid the accidental controlled or uncontrolled spins and to make the uncontrolled spin controllable. The author has made many observations of uncontrolled spins. The flights were carried on over a period of three years and show to a limited extent the independent effect of wing loading, center-of-gravity position, tail-surface plan form, tail-surface airfoil section, control-surface throw, and wing airfoil. The author indicates a number of conclusions from these observations, the first one of which is that wing loading is one of the major factors in uncontrolled spins.