bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo assessment of β‐hydroxybutyrate metabolism in mouse brain using deuterium (2H) MRS
Authors: Soni Narayan Datt , Swain Anshuman , Jacobs Paul , Juul Halvor , Armbruster Ryan , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Nath Kavindra , Wiers Corinde , Detre John , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo monitor the metabolic turnover of β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) oxidation using 2H‐MRS in conjunction with intravenous administration of 2H labeled BHB.MethodsNine‐month‐old mice were infused with [3,4,4,4]‐2H4‐BHB (d4‐BHB; 3.11 g/kg) through the tail vein using a bolus variable infusion rate for a period of 90 min. The labeling of downstream cerebral metabolites from the oxidative metabolism of d4‐BHB was monitored using 2H‐MRS spectra acquired with a home‐built 2H surface coil on a 9.4T preclinical MR scanner with a temporal resolution of 6.25 min. An exponential model was fit to the BHB and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) turnover curves to determine rate constants of metabolite turnover and to aid in the visualization of metabolite time courses.ResultsDeuterium label was incorporated into Glx from BHB metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with an increase in the level of [4,4]‐2H2‐Glx (d2‐Glx) over time and reaching a quasi‐steady state concentration of ∼0.6 ± 0.1 mM following 30 min of infusion. Complete oxidative metabolic breakdown of d4‐BHB also resulted in the formation of semi‐heavy water (HDO), with a four‐fold (10.1 to ∼42.1 ± 7.3 mM) linear (R2 = 0.998) increase in its concentration by the end of infusion. The rate constant of Glx turnover from d4‐BHB metabolism was determined to be 0.034 ± 0.004 min−1.Conclusion2H‐MRS can be used to monitor the cerebral metabolism of BHB with its deuterated form by measuring the downstream labeling of Glx. The integration of 2H‐MRS with deuterated BHB substrate provides an alternative and clinically promising MRS tool to detect neurometabolic fluxes in healthy and disease conditions.
Clinical characterization of patients with schizophrenia and 16p13.11 duplication: A case series
Authors: Kimura Hiroki , Kushima Itaru , Banno Masahiro , Inada Toshiya , Yoshimi Akira , Aleksic Branko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundChromosome 16p13.11 duplication is a well‐known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ) (odds ratio = 1.84). However, no case reports focusing on patients with SCZ and 16p13.11 duplication have been published. Therefore, here, we report the detailed clinical cases of four patients with SCZ and 16p13.11 duplication who were identified in our previous whole‐genome copy number variant (CNV) study.Case PresentationIn the four patients with SCZ and 16p13.11 duplication detected by array comparative genomic hybridization, one patient was found to have treatment‐resistant SCZ and an additional pathogenic rare CNV. Two of the four patients in this study had environmental risk factors that may have been involved in the development of SCZ.ConclusionsThe results of this case series suggest that a genetic cohort study would be useful for evaluating which genetic and environmental risk factors could better explain the variable expressivity of 16p13.11 duplication. Furthermore, this work could be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology of SCZ.
A combined compact finite difference scheme for solving the acoustic wave equation in heterogeneous media
Authors: Li Da , Li Keran , Liao Wenyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the development and analysis of a new explicit compact high‐order finite difference scheme for acoustic wave equation formulated in divergence form, which is widely used to describe seismic wave propagation through a heterogeneous media with variable media density and acoustic velocity. The new scheme is compact and of fourth‐order accuracy in space and second‐order accuracy in time. The compactness of the scheme is obtained by the so‐called combined finite difference method, which utilizes the boundary values of the spatial derivatives and those boundary values are obtained by one‐sided finite difference approximation. An empirical stability analysis has been conducted to obtain the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Levy (CFL) condition, which confirmed the conditional stability of the new scheme. Four numerical examples have been conducted to validate the convergence and effectiveness of the new scheme. The application of the new scheme to a realistic wave propagation problem with a Perfect Matched Layer is validated in this paper as well.
Thermoformability analysis of TPO sheets blended with postindustrial secondary feedstock
Authors: Masato Davide , Licata Juliana , Gao Peng , Maynard Nathan , Slocomb Jeffrey , Cavanaugh Andrew , Sterling Matt , Moritz Charles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProduction scrap is a significant cost for automotive thermoforming due to the expensive resin costs and large part sizes. Manufacturers strive to regrind and reprocess sheet cutouts from production runs, however, the utilization of a secondary feedstock can be limited by its impact on the sheet processing behavior. To mitigate the economic impact of production scrap, the thermoformability of a blend needs to be predicted at the material development stage. In this work, a test mold is designed to assess the thermoformability of blended TPO sheets. The mold design is developed to evaluate the effects of different geometries. Regrind content is introduced in the blend before extrusion to compare the sheet properties to those of a virgin material configuration. The statistical analysis of the thermoforming experiments shows that the sheet thickness reduction is affected by the draw ratio and sheet temperature. Multivariate regression modeling allows for predicting the thermoformed part thickness as a function of the sheet configuration, draw ratio, and processing conditions. However, the introduction of regrind content, below 50%, did not affect thermoformability. The stretchability of the sheets was also characterized by uniaxial tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis, confirming the absence of negligible differences when regrind content is introduced in the blend.
Examining the mental health needs of sexual and gender minority youth to articulate a multitiered system of supports for schools
Authors: Weinberg Jillian R. , McGrory Cooper Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience more significant mental health concerns compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers, especially within recent years, as a result of the relentless political attacks on the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual+ (LGBTQIA+) community. Given that youth spend the majority of their time in school, it is pertinent that schools invest in prevention and intervention strategies to support LGBTQIA+ youth and address their mental health needs, including strategies to reduce the disproportionate rates of suicide among trans and nonbinary young people. Minority stress theory posits that mental health disparities between LGBTQIA+ youth and non‐LGBTQIA+ youth are a product of structural risk factors, such as discriminatory and homophobic environments, which lead to increased psychological distress among SGM youth. Therefore, in addressing the mental health needs of LGBTQIA+ youth it is imperative that a multitiered system of supports model focuses on systemic changes to enhance the overall school climate through prevention and promotion efforts (tier 1), as well as individualized, direct interventions and coordinated care for students in need of greater support (tiers 2 and 3). To this end, findings from a comprehensive literature review were used to propose a model of tiered school‐based mental health services tailored for LGBTQIA+ youth. Implications for implementation and training focused on prevention and intervention approaches to create LGBTQIA+‐affirming schools for LGBTQIA+ youth are discussed.
Crystal structure of FAD‐independent methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase from Mycobacterium hassiacum
Authors: Gehl Manuel , Demmer Ulrike , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFAD‐independent methylene‐tetrahydrofolate (methylene‐H4F) reductase (Mfr), recently identified in mycobacteria, catalyzes the reduction of methylene‐H4F to methyl‐H4F with NADH as hydride donor by a ternary complex mechanism. This biochemical reaction corresponds to that of the ubiquitous FAD‐dependent methylene‐H4F reductase (MTHFR), although the latter uses a ping‐pong mechanism with the prosthetic group as intermediate hydride carrier. Comparative genomics and genetic analyses indicated that Mfr is indispensable for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which lacks the MTHFR encoding gene. Therefore, Mfr appears to be an excellent target for the design of antimycobacterial drugs. Here, we report the heterologous production, enzymological characterization, and the crystal structure of Mfr from the thermophilic mycobacterium Mycobacterium hassiacum (hMfr), which shows 78% sequence identity to Mfr from M. tuberculosis. Although hMfr and MTHFR have minor sequence identity and different catalytic mechanisms, their structures are highly similar, thus suggesting a divergent evolution of Mfr and MTHFR from a common ancestor. Most of the important active site residues of MTHFR are conserved and equivalently positioned in the tertiary structure of hMfr. The Glu9Gln variant of hMfr exhibits a drastic reduction of the catalytic activity, which supports the predicted function of the glutamate residue as proton donor in both hMfr and MTHFR. Thus, highly similar binding modes for the C1‐carriers and the reducing agents in hMfr and MTHFR are assumed.
Process safety incident prediction using near miss data
Authors: Tiwari Anshulkumar Kalipankaj , Malluri Sai Vijaya Krishna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcess safety is concerned with making sure that hazardous chemical industries are designed inherently safer and operated, and maintained by implementing safe operation and maintenance principles. It focuses on preventing events involving leaks, spills, fires, or explosions. Process industries are constantly using the lessons learned from prior mishaps and near misses to stop similar incidents from happening again. A robust near‐miss reporting system at HPCL‐Mittal Energy Limited (HMEL), which owns and operates the Guru Gobind Singh Refinery, enabled the development of an incident predictive model that uses big data to identify areas of safety concern and offer practical insights to help prevent future potential process safety incidents. Through this model, we have demonstrated that if a particular category of process safety‐related near miss, such as unsafe conditions or unsafe acts, are reported more frequently, it is a clear sign to the organization that there may be a potential weakness in the operational discipline, work processes, or safety layers of protection. The methodology also gives organizations the ability to create an action plan to address identified root causes and increase the integrity of safety systems. This paper examines HMEL's successes in preventing future big incidents and provides an illustration of the incident predictive model's operational methodology.
Canonical fibroblast growth factors in viral infection
Authors: Lottini Giulia , Plicanti Erika , Lai Michele , Quaranta Paola , Pistello Mauro , Freer Giulia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various tissues in the body. There are three function‐al groups of FGFs: canonical FGFs (cFGFs), intracellularly retained FGFs, and metabolic (also called endocrine) FGFs. cFGFs are secreted and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to regulate differentiation during foetal development, as well as tissue repair in adults. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the role of cFGFs during viral infections, suggesting that FGF‐2 and other canonical FGFs may have an important virus‐specific role, also by the regulation of the immune response. Because dysregulation in the FGF pathways is pivotal in cancer development, FGFs are the target of many anticancer drugs. These drugs may be repurposed to treat viral infection, since dysregulation of FGF signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, such as hepatitis C. Overall, the role of cFGFs during viral infection is an underrepresented area of current research. This review focuses on overviewing the effects of canonical FGFs during infection by different viruses. Many studies highlight that the effects of FGFs during viral infection may be complex and context‐dependent. While there is evidence to suggest that FGFs may have a beneficial impact on the immune response and tissue repair during viral infection, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine in what cases FGFs could be targeted as a therapeutic approach for viral infection.
Linear matrix inequality relaxations and its application to data‐driven control design for switched affine systems
Authors: Seuret Alexandre , Albea Carolina , Gordillo Francesco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe problem of data‐driven control is addressed here in the context of switched affine systems. This class of nonlinear systems is of particular importance when controlling many types of applications in electronic, biology, medicine and so forth. Still in the view of practical applications, providing an accurate model for this class of systems can be a hard task, and it might be more relevant to work on data issued from some trajectories obtained from experiments and to deploy a new branch of tools to stabilize the systems that are compatible with the processed data. Following the recent concept of data‐driven control design, this paper first presents a generic equivalence lemma that shows a matrix constraint based on data, instead of the system parameter. Then, following the concept of robust hybrid limit cycles for uncertain switched affine systems, robust model‐based and then data‐driven control laws are designed based on a Lyapunov approach. The proposed results are then illustrated and evaluated on an academic example.
Sustainable development of Socotra Archipelago. Application and reflexivity
Authors: Valek Nataša Slak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen talking about developing tourism in places where nature has been untouched, strong criticism has emerged, especially from naturalists, ecologists, and environmentalists. These voices advocating for ‘keeping untouched places untouched’ often reach many people, who then echo that opinion without necessarily knowing the territory's situation. This paper reflects the sustainable development theory and constitutes a reflective piece of writing about tourism development in the Socotra Archipelago, a place rich in biodiversity and human traditions, but geographically remote. Socotra Island, although relatively unknown, has received a great deal of attention from natural science researchers who have focused on understanding the many endemic species found on the island. However, information about Indigenous Socotri, their behaviors, traditions, and cultures—all components of a successful cultural tourism destination—is scarce. In this paper, the author reflects on current situation on the island and possibilities for future generations. Tourism may help create future possibilities for people from the island by considering a sustainable development theory.
Balancing Volmer Step by Superhydrophilic Dual‐Active Domains for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Jinsong , Leung Tsz Kei , Peng Zehua , Li Xin , Chen Keda , Yuan Jiaxin , Leung Michael K. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reaction kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is largely determined by balancing the Volmer step in alkaline media. Bifunctionality as a proposed strategy can divide the work of water dissociation and intermediates (OH* and H*) adsorption/desorption. However, sluggish OH* desorption plagues water re‐adsorption, which leads to poisoning effects of active sites. Some active sites may even directly act as spectators and do not participate in the reaction. Furthermore, the activity comparison under approximate nanostructure between bifunctional effect and single‐exposed active sites is not fully understood. Here, a facile three‐step strategy is adopted to successfully grow molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on cobalt‐containing nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (Co‐NCNTs), forming obvious dual active domains. The active sites on domains of Co‐NCNTs and MoS2 and the tuned electronic structure at the heterointerface trigger the bifunctional effect to balance the Volmer step and improve the catalytic activity. The HER driven by the bifunctional effect can significantly optimize the Gibbs free energy of water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption, resulting in fast reaction kinetics and superior catalytic performance. As a result, the Co‐NCNTs/MoS2 catalyst outperforms other HER electrocatalysts with low overpotential (58 and 84 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and neutral conditions, respectively), exceptional stability, and negligible degradation.
Nanosome‐Mediated Delivery Of Hdac Inhibitors and Oxygen Molecules for the Transcriptional Reactivation of Latent Hiv‐Infected Cd4+ T Cells
Authors: Hong Joohye , Choi Yonghyun , Lee Gahyun , Kim Jiwon , Jang Yeonwoo , Yoon Cheol‐Hee , Seo Hyun Wook , Park In‐Kyu , Kang Shin Hyuk , Choi Jonghoon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is notoriously difficult due to the ability of this virus to remain latent in the host's CD4+ T cells. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) interfere with DNA transcription in HIV‐infected hosts, resulting in viral latency. Therefore, HDAC inhibitors can be used to activate viral transcription in latently infected cells, after which the virus can be eliminated through a shock‐and‐kill strategy. Here, a drug delivery system is developed to effectively deliver HDAC inhibitors to latent HIV‐infected cells. Given that the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors is reduced under hypoxic conditions, oxygen‐containing nanosomes are used as drug carriers. Oxygen‐containing nanosomes can improve the efficiency of chemotherapy by delivering essential oxygen to cells. Additionally, their phospholipid bilayer structure makes them uniquely well‐suited for drug delivery. In this study, a novel drug delivery system is developed by taking advantage of the oxygen carriers in these oxygen nanosomes, incorporating a multi‐drug strategy consisting of HDAC inhibitors and PKA activators, and introducing CXCR4 binding peptides to specifically target CD4+ T cells. Oxygen nanosomes with enhanced targeting capability through the introduction of the CXCR4 binding peptide mitigate drug toxicity and slow down drug release. The observed changes in the expression of p24, a capsid protein of HIV, indirectly confirm that the proposed drug delivery system can effectively induce transcriptional reactivation of HIV in latent HIV‐infected cells.
High Cathode Loading and Low‐Temperature Operating Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries – Material/Process/Architecture Optimization and Understanding of Cell Failure
Authors: Yamada Hirotoshi , Ito Tomoko , Nakamura Tatsuya , Bekarevich Raman , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Kammampata Sanoop Palakkathodi , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are prepared using garnet‐type solid electrolytes by quick liquid phase sintering (Q‐LPS) without applying high pressure during the sintering. The cathode layers are quickly sintered with a heating rate of 50–100 K min−1 and a dwell time of 10 min. The battery performance is dramatically improved by simultaneously optimizing materials, processes, and architectures, and the initial discharge capacity of the cell with a LiCoO2‐loading of 8.1 mg reaches 1 mAh cm−2 and 130 mAh g−1 at 25 °C. The all‐solid‐state cell exhibits capacity at a reduced temperature (10 °C) or a relatively high rate (0.1 C) compared to the previous reports. The Q‐LPS would be suitable for large‐scale manufacturing of ASSLBs. The multiphysics analyses indicate that the internal stress reaches 1 GPa during charge/discharge, which would induce several mechanical failures of the cells: broken electron networks, broken ion networks, separation of interfaces, and delamination of layers. The experimental results also support these failures.
Protic Amine Carboxylic Acid Ionic Liquids Additives Regulate α‐FAPbI3 Phase Transition for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Wenjian , Cai Haoyu , Kong Yingjie , Dong Wei , Bai Cong , Liang Guijie , Li Wangnan , Zhao Juan , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Zhong Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe α‐phase formamidinium lead tri‐iodide (α‐FAPbI3) has become the most promising photovoltaic absorber for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its outstanding semiconductor properties and astonishing high efficiency. However, the incomplete crystallization and phase transition of α‐FAPbI3 substantially undermine the performance and stability of PSCs. In this work, a series of the protic amine carboxylic acid ion liquids are introduced as the precursor additives to efficiently regulate the crystal growth and phase transition processes of α‐FAPbI3. The MA2Pb3I8·2DMSO phase is inhibited in annealing process, which remarkably optimizes the phase transition process of α‐FAPbI3. It is noted that the functional groups of carboxyl and ammonium passivate the undercoordinated lead ions, halide vacancies, and organic vacancies, eliminating the deleterious nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the small‐area devices incorporated with 2% methylammonium butyrate (MAB) and 1.5% n‐butylammonium formate (BAFa) in perovskite show champion efficiencies of 25.10% and 24.52%, respectively. Furthermore, the large‐area modules (5 cm × 5 cm) achieve PCEs of 21.26% and 19.27% for MAB and BAFa additives, indicating the great potential for commercializing large‐area PSCs.
Dual Molecules Cooperatively Confined In‐Between Edge‐oxygen‐rich Graphene Sheets as Ultrahigh Rate and Stable Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Qiu Zhipeng , Liu Zheng , Lu Xiaolong , Zhang Su , Yan Yingchun , Chi Chunlei , Huangfu Chao , Wang Guanwen , Gao Pengfei , Chi Weihao , Xu Zheng , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNoncovalent modification of carbon materials with redox‐active organic molecules has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. However, their low loading mass, slow electron transfer rate, and easy dissolution into the electrolyte greatly limit further practical applications. Herein, this work reports dual molecules (1,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) and 2,6‐diamino anthraquinone (DAQ)) cooperatively confined in‐between edge‐oxygen‐rich graphene sheets as high‐performance electrodes for supercapacitors. Cooperative electrostatic‐interaction on the edge‐oxygen sites and π–π interaction in‐between graphene sheets lead to the increased loading mass and structural stability of dual molecules. Moreover, the electron tunneling paths constructed between edge‐oxygen groups and dual molecules can effectively boost the electron transfer rate and redox reaction kinetics, especially at ultrahigh current densities. As a result, the as‐obtained electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 507 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and an unprecedented rate capability (203 F g−1 at 200 A g−1). Moreover, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 17.1 Wh kg−1 and an ultrahigh power density of 140 kW kg−1, as well as remarkable stability with a retention of 86% after 50 000 cycles. This work may open a new avenue for the efficient utilization of organic materials in energy storage and conversion.