bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Correlation Between Bed Scale and Standing Scale Weights in Monitoring Volume Status in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Skoll Devin , Abarca Phillip , Pham Vu , Das Anushka , Mantini Clark , Tun Han , Van Herle Helga , Vaidya Ajay , Wolfson Aaron M. , Fong Michael W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate monitoring of volume status is vital in managing diuretic therapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Guidelines recommend daily measurement of standing body weight as an indicator of volume status, though many healthcare facilities use bed scales instead. There is limited data surrounding the accuracy of bed scales compared to standing scales, and literature suggests discrepancy between the two. This study is the first to evaluate the accuracy and correlation between scales among patients hospitalized for ADHF.MethodsAdults (age ≥18) diagnosed with ADHF and its derivatives who were hospitalized at our center between March and April 2023 were identified via electronic medical record. Patients were included if they demonstrated capacity to consent and were medically cleared to ambulate independently. Participants’ weights were measured via bed scale and standing scale at the same time on each day of data collection. The mean difference (bias), precision [standard deviation (SD)], and limits of agreement (±2 SD) were calculated and graphed using the Bland-Altman method. Based on expert opinion, a bias of greater than ± 0.6 kg and precision greater than ± 3.0 kg were considered clinically significant.Results51 pairs of bed and standing scale weights were obtained among 43 patients. The mean difference ± precision between weights was 1.42 ± 1.18 kg (95% CI, -0.894 – 3.73), exceeding the recommended bias. In addition, 71% (n=36) of participants’ weights differed by more than 0.6 kg between the bed and standing scale, 22% (n=11) differed by more than 2.0 kg, and 5.9% (n=3) differed by more than 4.0 kg (see Table I).ConclusionsBed scales are not accurate compared to standing scales and may lead to errors in fluid management in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.What is KnownAdequate diuresis and volume status optimization are mainstays of therapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failureGuidelines recommend measurement of standing body weight as an indicator of volume status, though many hospitals use bed scales insteadWhat the Study AddsThis is the first study to assess the difference in weights between bed and standing scales in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failureThis study provides evidence that bed scale weights are not accurate compared to standing scale weights in this population
Prevalence and pattern of Post Covid-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi: A Population-Based study
Authors: Bhatnagar Nidhi , Singh M.M. , Sharma Hitakshi , Mishra Suruchi , Singh Gurmeet , Rao Shivani , Borle Amod , Anand Tanu , Kumar Naresh , Goswami Binita , Singh Sarika , Kapoor Mahima , Singla Sumeet , Khuraijam Bembem , Khurana Nita , Sharma Urvi , Garg Suneela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost-coronavirus disease (COVID) is widely reported but the data of Post COVID-19 after infection with the Omicron variant is limited. This prospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence, pattern, and duration of symptoms related to Covid-19 recovered patients. Methods: Adults (>18 years old) in 11 districts of Delhi who had recovered from Covid-19 were followed up at 3 months and 6 months post-recovery. Results: The study found that the participants had a mean age of 42.07 years, with a standard deviation of 14.89. Additionally, a significant proportion of the participants (79.7%) experienced post-Covid symptoms. The participants elicited a history of Joint Pain (36%), Persistent dry cough (35.7%), anxiousness (28.4%) and shortness of breath (27.1%). The other symptoms reported were persistent fatigue (21.6%), persistent headache (20%), forgetfulness (19.7%) and weakness in limbs (18.6%). The longest duration of symptom was observed in participants reporting anxiousness (138.75 ±54.14) followed by fatigue (137.57±48.33), shortness of breath (131.89±60.21) and joint pain/swelling (131.59±58.76). During the first follow-up, 2.2% of participants had an abnormal ECG reading, while no abnormalities were reported during the second follow-up. Additionally, 4.06% of participants had abnormal chest X-ray findings during the first follow-up, with this number decreasing to 2.16% during the second follow-up. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the clinical symptoms persist in participants until 6 months and a multi-system involvement is seen in the post-COVID period. Thus, the findings necessitate long-term, regular follow-ups.
Single-cell-resolved interspecies comparison identifies a shared inflammatory axis and a dominant neutrophil-endothelial program in severe COVID-19
Authors: Peidli Stefan , Nouailles Geraldine , Wyler Emanuel , Adler Julia M. , Kunder Sandra , Voß Anne , Kazmierski Julia , Pott Fabian , Pennitz Peter , Postmus Dylan , Teixeira Alves Luiz Gustavo , Goffinet Christine , Gruber Achim D. , Blüthgen Nils , Witzenrath Martin , Trimpert Jakob , Landthaler Markus , Praktiknjo Samantha D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKey issues for research of COVID-19 pathogenesis are the lack of biopsies from patients and of samples at the onset of infection. To overcome these hurdles, hamsters were shown to be useful models for studying this disease. Here, we further leveraged the model to molecularly survey the disease progression from time-resolved single-cell RNA-sequencing data collected from healthy and SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian and Roborovski hamster lungs. We compared our data to human COVID-19 studies, including BALF, nasal swab, and post-mortem lung tissue, and identified a shared axis of inflammation dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells, which we show to be transient in Syrian and terminal in Roborovski hamsters. Our data suggest that, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, commitment to a type 1 or type 3-biased immunity determines moderate versus severe COVID-19 outcomes, respectively.One-Sentence SummaryActivation of different immunological programs upon SARS-CoV-2 infection determines COVID-19 severity.
S-Nitrosylation of CRTC1 in Alzheimer’s disease impairs CREB-dependent gene expression induced by neuronal activity
Authors: Zhang Xu , Vlkolinsky Roman , Wu Chongyang , Dolatabadi Nima , Scott Henry , Prikhodko Olga , Blanco Mayra , Lang Nhi , Piña-Crespo Juan , Nakamura Tomohiro , Roberto Marisa , Lipton Stuart A. 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYCREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning and long-term memory formation through regulation of neuronal activity-dependent gene expression, and CRTC1 dysregulation is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we show that increased S-nitrosylation of CRTC1 (forming SNO-CRTC1), as seen in cell-based, animal-based, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebrocortical neuron-based AD models, disrupts its binding with CREB and diminishes the activity-dependent gene expression mediated by the CRTC1/CREB pathway. We identified Cys216 of CRTC1 as the primary target of S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO)-related species. Using CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, we mutated Cys216 to Ala in hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neurons bearing one allele of the APPSwemutation (AD-hiPSC neurons). Introduction of this non-nitrosylatable CRTC1 construct rescued defects in AD-hiPSC neurons, including decreased neurite length and increased neuronal cell death. Additionally, expression of non-nitrosylatable CRTC1in vivoin the hippocampus rescued synaptic plasticity in the form of long-term potentiation (LTP) in 5XFAD mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that formation of SNO-CRTC1 contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by attenuating the neuronal activity-dependent CREB transcriptional pathway, and suggests a novel therapeutic target for AD.
Social network centrality predicts dietary decisions in a wild bird population
Authors: McMahon Keith , Marples Nicola M. , Spurgin Lewis G. , Rowland Hannah M. , Sheldon Ben C. , Firth Josh A. 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYHow individuals balance costs and benefits of group living remains central to understanding sociality. In relation to diet, social foraging provides many advantages but also increases competition. Nevertheless, social individuals may offset increased competition by broadening their diet and consuming novel foods. Despite the expected relationships between social behaviour and dietary decisions, how sociality shapes individuals’ novel food consumption remains largely untested in natural populations. Here, we use wild, RFID-tracked, great tits to experimentally test how sociality predicts dietary decisions. We show that individuals with more social connections have higher propensity to use novel foods compared to socially-peripheral individuals, and this is unrelated to neophobia, observations, and demographic factors. These findings indicate sociable individuals may offset potential costs of competition by foraging more broadly. We discuss how social environments may drive behavioural change in natural populations, and the implications for the causes and consequences of social strategies and dietary decisions.
Preserving endothelial integrity in human saphenous veins during preparation for coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Sedovy Meghan W. , Leng Xinyan , Iqbal Farwah , Renton Mark C. , Leaf Melissa , Roberts Kailynn , Malek Arya , Scott Arnold W. , Wyatt David A. , Choate Cynthia W. , Rowe Joseph F. , Baker Joseph W. , Johnstone Scott R. , Joseph Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhile multiple factors influence coronary artery bypass graft success rates, preserving saphenous vein endothelium during surgery may improve patency. Standard methods of saphenous vein graft preparation in heparinized saline (saline) solutions result in endothelial loss and damage. Here we investigated the impact of preparing saphenous graft vessels in heparinized patient blood (blood) vs saline on cellular health and survival.MethodsSaphenous vein tissues from a total of 23 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were split into 2 treatment groups, 1) standard preparation using saline and 2) preparation using blood. Immediately following surgery, excess tissue was fixed for analysis. Level of endothelial coverage, oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), and oxidative stress protective marker nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression were evaluated.ResultsIn saline patient veins, histological analysis revealed a broken or absent luminal layer, suggesting a loss of endothelial cell (EC) coverage. Luminal cell coverage was notably preserved in blood-treated samples. Immunofluorescent staining of endothelial markers vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) identified a significant improvement in endothelial coverage in the blood group compared to saline. Although in both treatment groups EC expressed 4HNE indicating a similar level of oxidative stress, EC stored in blood solutions expressed higher levels of the protective transcription NRF2.ConclusionsOur data indicate that maintaining and preparing saphenous vein tissues in solutions containing heparinized blood helps preserve the endothelium and promotes vein graft health. This has the potential to improve long-term outcomes in patients.Central MessageDuring coronary artery bypass grafting, preparation of saphenous veins with heparinized saline damages the endothelium and increases oxidative stress. Heparinized blood preparation limits this endothelial loss and damage.Perspectives StatementSaphenous vein grafts are prone to failure through neointimal hyperplasia or thrombosis. Endothelial damage and loss are thought to be major contributing factors to graft failure. Here we find that preparation and preservation of saphenous vein grafts with patients’ own heparinized blood is sufficient to ensure endothelial preservation and protect vessels from oxidative stress compared with heparinized saline. These changes may increase long-term graft patency rates.
Androgen receptor alpha regulates aromatase expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of male cichlids
Authors: Lopez Mariana S. , Alward Beau A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial behaviors are regulated by sex steroid hormones such as androgens and estrogens. However, the specific molecular and neural processes modulated by steroid hormones to generate social behaviors remain to be elucidated. We investigated whether some actions of androgen signaling in the control of social behavior may occur through the regulation of estradiol synthesis in the highly social cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni. Specifically, we examined the expression ofcyp19a1, a brain-specific aromatase, in the brains of maleA. burtonilacking a functional ARα gene, which was recently found to be necessary for aggression in this species. We found thatcyp19a1expression is higher in wild-type males compared to ARα mutant males in the homolog of the mammalian ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a brain region that governs aggression across taxa. Usingin situhybridization chain reaction (HCR), we determined that ARα+andcyp19a1+cells are commonly nearby, but very infrequently was co-expression observed, including in the fish VMH. We speculate that ARα may modulatecyp19a1expression in the fish VMH to govern aggression through an indirect, potentially transsynaptic, mechanism. These studies provide novel insights into the hormonal mechanisms of social behavior and lay a foundation for future functional studies.
Coastal Marine Mammal conservation using thermal imaging-based detection systems
Authors: Richter Sebastian , Yurk Harald , Winterl Alexander , Chmelnitsky Elly , Serra Norma , O’Hara Patrick D. , Zitterbart Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMarine mammal habitats in coastal regions are increasingly threatened as anthropogenic use of these areas increases. Vessel traffic from commercial and pleasure craft leads to increased underwater noise and risk of marine mammal vessel-strike. Mitigation measures advised by competent authorities, such as static and dynamic speed restriction zones or area closures, must be based on reliable data to be justified and find widespread adoption. Thermal detection systems can augment currently employed monitoring approaches such as passive acoustic monitoring or marine mammal observers. Thermal imaging whale detection systems are cost-effective, can be operated around the clock and do not rely on the animal to vocalize, hence have a different availability bias than passive acoustic monitoring. It has been shown in previous studies that thermal detections based on a pronounced blow is possible for larger baleen whales. In this study, we evaluate how effective thermal imaging base whale detection systems are for detecting smaller marine mammals, with a focus on killer whales in Salish Sea.
Abstract, modality-specific and experience-dependent coding of affect in the human brain
Authors: Lettieri Giada , Handjaras Giacomo , Cappello Elisa M. , Setti Francesca , Bottari Davide , Bruno Valentina , Diano Matteo , Leo Andrea , Tinti Carla , Garbarini Francesca , Pietrini Pietro , Ricciardi Emiliano , Cecchetti Luca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmotion and perception are tightly intertwined, as affective experiences often arise from the appraisal of sensory information. Nonetheless, whether the brain encodes emotional instances using a sensory-specific code or in a more abstract manner is unclear. Here, we answer this question by measuring the association between emotion ratings collected during a unisensory or multisensory presentation of a full-length movie and brain activity recorded in typically-developed, congenitally blind and congenitally deaf participants. Emotional instances are encoded in a vast network encompassing sensory, prefrontal, and temporal cortices. Within this network, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex stores a categorical representation of emotion independent of modality and experience, and the posterior superior temporal cortex maps valence using an abstract code. Sensory experience more than modality impacts how the brain organizes emotional information outside supramodal regions, suggesting the existence of a scaffold for the representation of emotional states where sensory inputs during development shape its functioning.
Tick-borne zoonotic flaviviruses andBorreliainfections in wildlife hosts: what have field studies contributed?
Authors: Poisson Armelle , Boulinier Thierry , Bournez Laure , Gonzalez Gaëlle , Migné Camille V. , Moutailler Sara , Faivre Bruno , Métras Raphaëlle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTick-borne flaviviruses andBorreliaspp. are globally spread pathogens of zoonotic potential that are maintained by a transmission cycle at the interface between ticks and vertebrate hosts, mainly wild animals. Aside data on pathogen burden in ticks, information on the status of various hosts relative to infection could be critical. We reviewed how those infections have been studied in wildlife species in the field to discuss how collected data provided relevant epidemiological information and identify needs for further studies. The literature was screened for populational studies on direct or antibody detection for tick-borneBorreliaspp. and flaviviruses in animals, in the wild. Overall,Borreliaspp. were more studied (73% of case studies, representing 297 host species) than flaviviruses (27% of case studies, representing 114 host species). Studies on bothBorreliaspp. and flaviviruses focused mainly on the same species, namely bank vole and yellow-necked mouse. Most studies were order-specific and cross-sectional, reporting prevalence at various locations, but with little insight into the underlying epidemiological dynamics. Species with potential to act as reservoir hosts were overlooked, notably passerine birds. We highlight the necessity of collecting both demographics and infection data in wildlife studies, and to consider communities of species, to better estimate zoonotic risk potential in the One Health context.
GDF15 is a dynamic biomarker of the Integrated Stress Response in the central nervous system
Authors: Asundi Jyoti , Zhang Chunlian , Donnelly-Roberts Diana , Solorio Josè Zavala , Challagundla Malleswari , Connelly Caitlin , Boch Christina , Chen Jun , Richter Mario , Maneshi Mohammad Mehdi , Swensen Andrew M. , Lebon Lauren , Schiffmann Raphael , Sanyal Subhabrata , Sidrauski Carmela , Kolumam Ganesh , Baruch Amos 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAimCharacterize Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) as a secreted biomarker of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) within the Central Nervous System (CNS).MethodsWe determined GDF15 levels utilizingin vitroandin vivoneuronal systems wherein the ISR was activated. Primarily, we used the murine model of Vanishing White Matter disease (VWMD), a neurological disease driven by persistent ISR in the CNS, to establish a link between levels of GDF15 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ISR gene expression signature in the CNS. GDF15 was also determined in the CSF of VWM patients.ResultsGDF15 expression was increased concomitant to ISR activation in stress-induced primary astrocytes as well as in retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve crush, while treatment with 2Bact, a specific eIF2B activator, suppressed both the ISR and GDF15. In the VWMD model, CSF GDF15 levels corresponded with the magnitude of the ISR and were reduced by 2BAct. In VWM patients, mean CSF GDF15 was elevated >20-fold as compared to healthy controls, whereas plasma GDF15 was undifferentiated.ConclusionsThese data suggest that CSF GDF15 is a dynamic marker of ISR activation in the CNS and may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for ISR-modulating therapies.
Transcriptome analysis of left versus right intrinsic laryngeal muscles associated with innervation
Authors: Kemfack Angela M. , Hernández-Morato Ignacio , Moayedi Yalda , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives/HypothesisRecurrent laryngeal nerve injury diagnosed as idiopathic or due to short-term surgery-related intubation exhibits a higher incidence of left-sided paralysis. While this is often attributed to nerve length, it is hypothesized there are asymmetric differences in the expression of genes related to neuromuscular function that may impact reinnervation and contribute to this laterality phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, this study analyzes the transcriptome profiles of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs), comparing gene expression in the left versus right, with particular attention to genetic pathways associated with neuromuscular function.Study DesignLaboratory experiment.MethodsRNA was extracted from the left and right sides of the rat posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), lateral thyroarytenoid (LTA), and medial thyroarytenoid (MTA), respectively. After high-throughput RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), 88 samples were organized into 12 datasets according to their age (P15/adult), sex (male/female), and muscle type (PCA/LTA/MTA). A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the left-right ILMs across different conditions.Results774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the 12 experimental groups, revealing age, sex, and muscle-specific differences between the left versus right ILMs. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways implicated several genes with a left-right laryngeal muscle asymmetry. These genes are associated with neuronal and muscular physiology, immune/inflammatory response, and hormone control.ConclusionBioinformatics analysis confirmed divergent transcriptome profiles between the left-right ILMs. This preliminary study identifies putative gene targets that will characterize ILM laterality.Level of EvidenceN/ALAY SUMMARYVocal fold paralysis is more common on the left. This study shows left versus right differences in gene expression related to innervation, suggesting the increased rate of left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis may be associated with genetic differences, not just nerve length.