bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of probiotic fermented milk on management of obesity studied in high-fat-diet induced obese rat model
Authors: Makwana Shrushti , Prajapati J. B. , Pipaliya Rinkal , Hati Subrota 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the hypothesis that probiotic bacteria are significantly involved in the control of obesity using Wistar rats as the test group by feeding high fat diets (HFD) induced obesity. A total of four groups of rats were considered viz., normal pellet diet fed (NC), HFD fed (DC), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk with soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) (T1), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk without WPC and SPI (T2). Body weight, abdominal fat weight, liver weight, serum Alanine aminotransferase level, and alkaline phosphatase level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after giving daily probiotic milk product supplementation with @ 2 ml per day for continuous 4 weeks. Whereas, C-reactive protein and Aspartate aminotransferase levels were not altered to a significant extent. The histology of the liver from the disease model group showed large lipid vacuoles deposited in the parenchyma cells. Product T2 confirmed fewer micro vesicular fatty changes and the appearance of T2 was better than T1. Overall, the in vivo study results indicated that the probiotic fermented milk exerted a better anti-obesity effect.
Graphical Abstract
Development of Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) added gummies: sensory, characterization and shelf quality
Authors: Dey Kankona , Sheth Mini 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSugar loaded confectioneries have a rapidly growing market globally. Consumption of such products may lead to multiple health risks. Products like gummies can be substituted with healthy sugar alternatives such as Galactooligosaccharide (GOS), which can be consumed by all age groups.The aim of the study was to develop standard gummies and sugar substituted gummies, conduct sensory analysis, shelf life studies and characterize it for its physico chemical properties.The standard gummies were made using agar, sugar, citric acid, water, and FSSAI (Food Safety Standards Authority of India) certified natural colours and flavours, while GOS supplemented gummies were made by replacing sugar in varied amounts, upto 100%. A trained panel (n = 8) evaluated the gummies using a composite score card in triplicates for a variety of sensory attributes. GOS recovery analysis, physicochemical variables such as colour, moisture, pH, and texture were assessed. Shelf life Studies of 100 percent GOS supplemented gummies were carried out at accelerated temperatures (37 °C) over a period of 6 months.The results revealed that gummies with varying levels of GOS were acceptable to the panelists, with no significant differences in the keeping quality. However, F test revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the texture of the gummies with a slight reduction in colour and flavour at the end of 6 months. The moisture content and pH values were 24.8% and 3.37 respectively. HPLC analysis revealed a recovery of 95% GOS in the prepared gummies.Hence, sugar can be substituted with 100% GOS to fulfil the increasing demand for healthy confectioneries without any change in organoleptic qualities and shelf life for 6 months.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of ABCG2 C421A and ABCG2 G34A genetic polymorphisms on clinical outcome and response to imatinib mesylate, in Iranian chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Nouri Negar , Mehrzad Valiollah , Khalaj Zahra , Zaker Erfan , Zare Fateme , Abbasi Elham , Khosravi Maede , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Salehi Mansoor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a multifactorial clonal myeloid neoplasm that mainly arises from the Philadelphia chromosome. Even though imatinib mesylate (IM) is considered the gold standard for first-line treatment, a number of CML patients have shown IM resistance that can be influenced by many factors, including pharmacogenetic variability. The present study examined whether two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCG2 (G34A and C421A) contribute to IM resistance and/or good responses.

Material and methods
A total of 72 CML patients were genotyped with high-resolution melting (HRM) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). We also determined the cytogenetic and hematological response, as evaluable factors for measuring response to imatinib.

Results
In the current study, we explored the relationship between the different variants of ABCG2 G34A and C421A and clinical response to imatinib among CML patients. There were no statistically significant differences between genotypes of C421A and G34A and allele frequencies among the resistant and responder groups, with response to IM (P > 0.05). Also, we found no statistically significant association between genotypes and cytogenetic and hematological responses.

Conclusion
This is the first study to investigate the association between genotypes of the G34A and C421A SNPs and the outcome of IM treatment in Iranian population. As a whole, genotyping of these SNPs is unhelpful in predicting IM response in CML patients.
The biological active compounds and biological activities of Desmodium species from Indian region: a review
Authors: Joshi Bhoomi R. , Hakim Masuma M. , Patel Illa C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
India is a diverse source of medicinal and aromatic plants. Desmodium species are one among them having importance in curing many human diseases. This herbaceous plant's species diversity minimizes problems with its pharmaceutical or herbal formulation. As a result, a detailed analysis of the phytochemistry of the Desmodium genus will allow for the proper use of this plant.

Main body
This review explores the distribution of Desmodium species and their various biological activities. Worldwide, 17 Desmodium species are found, while 13 species of Desmodium are found in India. Plants are mainly used in ayurvedic preparation for curing various diseases. Phytochemical examination of Desmodium species indicated the presence of isoflavones, glycosyl-flavonoids, coumarone-chromones, pterocarpons, triterpenoids, saponins, tetrahydroiso-quinolones, phenylethylamines, indole-3-alkylamines, lipids, and alkaloids. These genera also display various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, depressive, antipyretic, antidepressant, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. Also it is valuable for febrifuges, remedies for dysentery and liver disease, wound healing, ulcer, antidote against snake bites, catarrh, abscesses and eye diseases, abdominal tumor, asthma, fever, nasal polyps, menstrual disorder, fever, colds and helps in kidney problems.

Conclusion
This review describes the distribution of various Desmodium species recorded by a different author, focusing on species recorded in Gujarat, India. Again, the review helps in the documentation of bioactive compounds from the Desmodium genus that may help rectify multiple severe diseases. Furthermore, the numerous biological potencies of the specific bioactive substance may characterize the interest in various pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals sectors.
Effect of Andrographis paniculata extract and Andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of Aceclofenac and Celecoxib in rats
Authors: More S. J. , Tandulwadkar S. S. , Balap Aishwarya R. , Lohidasan S. , Sinnathambi A. , Mahadik K. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In India, for the treatment of cold, fever and inflammation, people consume herbal remedies containing Andrographis paniculata Nees (APE) as main ingredient, along with NSAIDs. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of APE and pure andrographolide (AN) on the pharmacokinetic of with aceclofenac (ACF) and celecoxib (CXB) after oral co-administration in wistar rats. After co-administration of APE (equivalent to 20 mg/kg of AN) and AN (20 mg/kg) with ACF (5 mg/kg) and CXB (5 mg/kg) in rats, orally, drug concentrations in plasma were determined using HPLC method. Non-compartment model was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, and AUC.

Results
Co-administration of ACF and CXB with APE and pure AN altered the systemic exposure level of each compound in vivo. The Cmax, Tmax, MRT of CXB were increased whereas Vd and Cl of CXB were decreased significantly after co-administration of CXB with APE. Whereas co-administration of CXB with AN significantly decreased Vd, CL, and MRT of CXB. The concentration of ACF was increased significantly in co-administered groups with pure AN and APE. The AUC0-∞, AUMC0-∞, MRT, Vd and t1/2 of ACF were also significantly decreased in co-administered groups, hence CL of ACF was increased significantly.

Conclusion
This study concludes that APE and pure AN have effect on pharmacokinetic of CXB and ACF in rat. Not only patients but medical practitioners using Andrographis paniculata should have awareness regarding probable herb–drug interactions with ACF and CXB.
A Survey of IPEG-Middle East Chapter members to ascertain their perceptions of, and changes to, the Nissen's wrap design and the outcomes
Authors: Seleim Hamed M. , Magdy Basma , Hashish Amel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Nissen's description of fundoplication has proven seminal in our understanding of anti-GERD surgeries. This survey aimed to ascertain the perceptions of, and changes to, the Nissen's wrap design among the IPEG-ME surgeons and their outcomes.

Methods
During the months of February and March 2021, all IPEG-ME members were contacted via WhatsApp and asked to complete an anonymous online survey. Google Forms was used as the platform for the survey. Responses were collected over a four-week period.

Results
From a total of 99 IPEG-ME members, 51 practicing pediatric surgeons from eight countries reported seven separate conceptions for the original Nissen wrap design. With more surgeon years of experience, not hospital annual volume, the percentage of surgeons who choose to preserve the short gastric vessels at laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication increased from 10 to 25%. Moreover, transmigration and reoperation rates were cut in half, while dysphagia rates doubled as surgeon years of experience increased from under 10 to over 30.

Conclusion
Owing to haziness, specialized surgeons may have expressed non-identical thoughts of the original description of a commonly employed procedure. Wrap transmigration and reoperation rates were cut in half, while dysphagia rates doubled as surgeon years of experience increased from under 10 to over 30. It seems reasonable to standardize the wrap design based on the components' justifications rather than surgeons’ preferences.
New onset unusual Wegener’s granulomatosis associated with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Mandegari Mohammad , Binesh Fariba , Abdollahpour Mahsa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or Wegener’s granulomatosis is an autoimmune disorder with a wide spectrum of manifestations that mostly primarily presents with respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis and leads to a high mortality rate if left untreated. It is a relatively uncommon condition, characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small- and medium-sized vessels. Recent studies have shown that hyperactivation of immune cells in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to elevated levels of various autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). There are the same factors that involve in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as GPA.

Case presentation
While there have been several reported cases of COVID-19 occurring in patients receiving immunosuppressant treatment for GPA, here we report a case of a 72-year-old woman with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who suddenly suffered unilateral vision and hearing loss and peripheral facial palsy on the same side. Chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a subpleural consolidation in the inferior lobe of the left lung. Based on the radiology report, chest CT evidence was due to a history of COVID-19 pneumonia. CT scans of the paranasal sinus showed pansinusitis and necrosis of the nasal septum. According to the available evidence, mucormycosis was clinically suspected, and the patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Eventually, the histopathological analysis revealed a diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Conclusions
Since GPA and its complications can be prevented only through strong clinical suspicion and early diagnosis, our presentation of this case aims to increase awareness of autoimmune diseases in COVID-19 patients even after recovery.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the respiratory system: a comprehensive review
Authors: Gharib Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCPAP is characterized by the application of a constant and continuous positive pressure into the patient’s airway. By delivering a constant pressure during both inspiration and expiration, CPAP increases functional residual capacity and opens collapsed or under ventilated alveoli, thus decreasing right to left intrapulmonary shunt and improving oxygenation in obese individuals.Main body of abstractObesity is characterized by several alterations in the mechanics of the respiratory system that tend to further exaggerate impairment of gas exchange rendering these patients prone to perioperative complications, such as hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and atelectasis. Interestingly, CPAP has been advocated as an efficacious modality for prevention and treatment of postoperative atelectasis considered to be the most common postoperative respiratory complication. In OSA, the CPAP device works to splint the airway open and prevent the collapse of the upper airway that is the cardinal event of OSA leading improvement of sleep, quality of life and the reduction of the risks of the cardiovascular and neurocognitive side effects associated with the disease. Besides such a beneficial effect, there are other physiological benefits to CPAP: greater end-expiratory lung volume and consequent increase in oxygen stores, increased tracheal traction to improve upper airway patency and decrease in cardiac after load.ConclusionDue to various physiological benefits on the respiratory system CPAP therapy is crucial for the prevention postoperative complications particularly related to obesity and the cornerstone for the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.
Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines among 2–6-year-old children by family socioeconomic status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Koivukoski Henriikka , Hasanen Elina , Tolvanen Asko , Chua Terence , Chia Michael , Vehmas Hanna , Sääkslahti Arja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for 24-h physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and sleep for young children. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to a lower likelihood of meeting these guidelines. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) raised concerns about young children’s opportunities to meet the guidelines. The study focused on the prevalence of meeting the WHO’s 24-h guidelines on screen time (ST), PA and sleep among 2–6-year-old children, in association with family SES, before COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, and during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in Finland.

Methods
Data were collected at three timepoints by an online survey through day-care centres. Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines was defined for each behaviour, from a parent-reported seven-day recall of a typical day on weekdays and weekend days and adapted to the national context. Children were considered to meet the ST guideline if they had maximum of 60 min of ST, the PA guideline if they had minimum of 60 min of outdoor PA, and the sleep guidelines if they had minimum of 11/10/9 h (2/3–5/6 years) of good or very good quality sleep. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the odds ratios of meeting the guidelines.

Results
The prevalence of meeting the ST guideline was highest before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. The PA guideline was most met during the strict pandemic restrictions in 2020. Children from higher SES families were more likely to meet the ST and sleep duration guidelines either on weekdays or weekends. The PA guideline was met more on weekdays by children whose parents had lower education levels at all timepoints. In 2020, sleep quality guideline was less likely met by children with parents with the highest education levels.

Conclusion
Higher SES may increase the odds of young children meeting the ST and sleep duration guidelines, but the results are more complex regarding PA and SES. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST, outdoor PA, and sleep of young children varied by family SES, and further research is recommended to identify causality of these relationships.
Identifying Confounders Using Bayesian Networks and Estimating Treatment Effect in Prostate Cancer With Observational Data
Authors: Sieswerda Melle , Xie Shixuan , van Rossum Ruby , Bermejo Inigo , Geleijnse Gijs , Aben Katja , van Erning Felice , Lemmens Valery , Dekker André , Verbeek Xander 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSERandomized controlled trials are considered the golden standard for estimating treatment effect but are costly to perform and not always possible. Observational data, although readily available, is sensitive to biases such as confounding by indication. Structure learning algorithms for Bayesian Networks (BNs) can be used to discover the underlying model from data. This enables identification of confounders through graph analysis, although the model might contain noncausal edges. We propose using a blacklist to aid structure learning in finding causal relationships. This is illustrated by an analysis into the effect of active treatment ( v observation) in localized prostate cancer.METHODSIn total, 4,121 prostate cancer records were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Subsequently, we developed a (causal) BN using structure learning while precluding noncausal relations. Additionally, we created several Cox proportional hazards models, each correcting for a different set of potential confounders (including propensity scores). Model predictions for overall survival were compared with expected survival on the basis of the general population using data from Statistics Netherlands (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek).RESULTSStructure learning precluding noncausal relations resulted in a causal graph but did not identify significant edges toward treatment; they were added manually. Graph analysis identified year of diagnosis and age as confounders. The BN predicted a treatment effect of 1 percentage point at 10 years. Chi-squared analysis found significant associations between year of diagnosis, age, stage, and treatment. Propensity score correction was successful. Adjusted Cox models predicted significant treatment effect around 3 percentage points at 10 years.CONCLUSIONA blacklist in conjunction with structure learning can result in a causal BN that can be used for confounder identification. Treatment effect found here is close to the 5 percentage point found in the literature.
The interconnected global emergencies of climate change, food security and health: a call to action by the Science for Africa Foundation
Authors: Kariuki Thomas , Omumbo Judith , Ciugu Kabura , Marincola Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

The evidence is clear that climate change is the greatest challenge facing mankind today. Africa is disproportionately burdened by multiple direct and cascading impacts of the climate crisis. Global investments for climate change adaptation, however, have not prioritized Africa adequately and there is a significant knowledge gap in understanding the context and science of climate change and sustainable solutions for the continent’s adaptation. Solutions for adaptation and resilience are made complex by an urgent need for accelerated economic growth, rapid population expansion and urbanization, habitat and biodiversity loss and dwindling financing. There are also challenges in matching policies, wavering commitments and actions with good science that focuses on sustainable lives, livelihoods and ecosystem preservation. The solutions must come from where the impacts are felt. The Science for Africa Foundation supports African researchers and institutions to lead in the science that addresses African priority development areas and has set climate change as a strategic priority. This call to action, by the SFA Foundation, outlines key areas that its strategy addresses through programs that support African scientific excellence, leadership and the best of Africa’s research to understand the science of climate change and its impacts; collate and assess evidence for policy; grow high level technical capacity on the continent; and create innovative priority actions for Africa.
Clinical Study of Intratemporal Facial Nerve Palsy - The Causes and Outcome
Authors: Viswanatha B. , Vijayashree M. S. , Priyadarshini V. , Rasika R. 
Published: January 2023

Paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve, is usually immediately obvious. It results in weakness of the musculature of the face, impacting verbal communication, social interaction with respect to facial expression, oral competence, taste and most importantly, protection of the cornea, ocular globe and vision. Palsy of the facial nerve in its intratemporal course leads to ipsilateral lower motor neuron facial palsy.
Objectives:
1. To study 100 cases of facial nerve palsy due to pathology in the intratemporal course of the nerve.
2. To identify the frequent causes, course of palsy, treatment modality and recovery during a period of 3 months follow-up. Materials &
Methods:
100 patents with facial nerve palsy with an intratemporal pathology were analysed. Detailed history was taken. Patients were subjected to complete clinical evaluation of ear and cranial nerves, radiological evaluation was also done to confirm the diagnosis. Patients were treated appropriately. The facial nerve function was graded again during follow up after 3 months.
Results:
46% patients were diagnosed with Bells palsy, 26% with chronic suppurative otitis media/cholesteatoma, 17% with trauma leading to palsy and 4% patients had tumours that lead to the palsy. Males were more affected (58%) than females. 39% patients were in the age bracket of 21 to 30 years. 25% of cases had Grade 3 palsy at presentation, 40% of cases had Grade 4, 13% had grade 5 and 8% had grade 6 palsy. After 3 months 82% cases showed complete recovery following appropriate treatment.