bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ipriflavone and 1α vitamin D therapy for the cessation of vertebral bone loss
Authors: Ushiroyama T. , Okamura S. , Ikeda A. , Ueki M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: This study investigated whether a combined regimen of ipriflavone and 1α vitamin D is effective in stopping postmenopausal bone loss. Methods: Ninety‐eight postmenopausal women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four groups: group 1, ipriflavone alone; group 2, 1α vitamin D alone; group 3, combined regimen of ipriflavone and 1α vitamin D; group 4, no treatment. Vertebral bone mineral density, measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, serum alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, urinary calcium and hydroxyproline were measured before and at the 6th, 12th and 18th month of the study. All comparisons were made using Student's t‐test of means. Result: There was a significant reduction in vertebral bone loss in the patients receiving the combined therapy (mean loss after 18 months 0.33% in the combination group vs. 2.37%, 1.15% and 3.70% in the ipriflavone alone, 1α vitamin D alone, and control groups, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combined regimen could prevent postmenopausal bone loss.
Great grand multiparity — beyond the 10th delivery
Authors: Kaplan B. , Harel L. , Neri A. , Rabinerson D. , Goldman G.A. , Chayen B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To investigate the perinatal outcome and obstetric complications of women delivering for the 10th time or more. Methods: Four hundred twenty women of great grand multiparity were analyzed in a modern health care setting and compared with our general population of obstetric patients, with regard to past history, maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery, fetal outcome and intercurrent medical/obstetric problems. Results: The study group showed significantly lower rates of low birth weight infants and instrumental delivery. No significant difference was seen in the incidence of cesarean section, pathologic fetal presentation, maternal hypertension, gestational diabetes, hemorrhage, or perinatal morbidity or mortality. There was a slightly higher incidence of twin births compared with the general population. Conclusion: It is probable that women capable of reaching their 10th delivery are basically healthy. If offered adequate perinatal care, they are not a high‐risk group during subsequent deliveries.
Seasonal distribution of the long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris curasoae) in North America: does a generalized migration pattern really exist?
Authors: Rojas‐Martínez Alberto , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Del Coro Arizmendi Maríía , Alcántara‐Eguren Ariel , Arita Hééctor T. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAimThis paper examines the migration of the tropical nectarivorous batLeptonycteris curasoaeconsidered as a latitudinal migrant that breeds in south‐west United States and northern Mexico in spring and migrates southward during fall. We tested the hypothesis that the latitudinal migration occurs only locally given by the local availability of bat resources, leading to migratory movements in zones with seasonal scarcity of resources and to resident bat populations where resources are available throughout the year.LocalizationWe analysed the presence ofL. curasoaealong its distribution range in North America (between 14°N and 33°N). Study cases were also conducted in three Mexican localities: the Tehuacán Valley (17°48′–18°58′N and 96°48′–97°43′W), Sonoran Desert (28°41′N and 110°15′W), and the coast of Jalisco (19°32′N and 105°07′W).MethodsGeographic evidence for latitudinal migration ofL. curasoaewas analysed using 94‐year capture records housed in twenty‐two collections of North America. Records were analysed using a Geographical Information System (GIS), in which floral resources and capture records were integrated. Monthly captures in the Tehuacán Valley were conducted during three years and bats abundance and reproductive status were correlated with the phenology of bat resources. Bat captures were also conducted during two consecutive years in an extratropical desert during winter and spring, and during one spring in the coast of Jalisco.ResultsThe latitudinal migration ofL. curasoaein North America only occurs at latitudes near 30°N, whereas bats may be residents at latitudes lower than 21°N. Captures were associated always to the availability of floral resources in both geographical and local scales.Main conclusionsThe existence of resident populations in the tropics with two reproductive events support the hypothesis that migration only occurs in the northern distribution limit of this nectar‐feeding bat.
Use of Oseltamivir During Influenza Outbreaks in Ontario Nursing Homes, 1999–2000
Authors: Bowles Susan K. , Lee Wayne , Simor Andrew E. , Vearncombe Mary , Loeb Mark , Tamblyn Susan , Fearon Margaret , Li Yan , McGeer Allison , The Oseltamivir Compassionate Use Program Group  
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To describe the experience of Ontario long‐term care facilities that used oseltamivir during influenza outbreaks in 1999/2000.DESIGN:Case series.SETTING:Ten Ontario long‐term care facilities for older people and their residents.PARTICIPANTS:Older residents of long‐term care facilities.INTERVENTION:Oseltamivir for treatment or prophylaxis during 11 influenza outbreaks in 1999/2000.MEASUREMENTS:Control of outbreaks; pneumonia, hospitalization, and death complicating acute influenza.RESULTS:All outbreaks were due to influenza A//H3N2/Sydney/05/97. One facility elected to use oseltamivir for treatment and amantadine for prophylaxis. The remaining nine facilities (10 outbreaks) recommended oseltamivir for treatment and prophylaxis (after amantadine failure in five and as primary prophylaxis in five). Use of oseltamivir was associated with termination of the outbreak in all eight evaluable outbreaks. Overall, 178/185 (96%) case‐residents met the case definition of influenza and had complete data for evaluation. Of these, 63 (35%) were treated with antibiotics, 37 (21%) were diagnosed with pneumonia, 19 (11%) were hospitalized, and 16 (9%) died. Compared with residents receiving no therapy or who became ill while taking amantadine, residents who received oseltamivir within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics, to be hospitalized, or to die (P <.05 for each outcome). These differences persisted and remained statistically significant when corrected for influenza immunization status. A total of 730 residents received oseltamivir prophylaxis for a median of 9 days (range 5–12). Of these, side effects were identified in 30 (4.1%), the most common being diarrhea (12 residents, 1.6%), cough (5, 0.7%), confusion (4, 0.5%) and nausea (4, 0.5%).CONCLUSIONS:Oseltamivir is safe and appears to be effective when used as treatment or prophylaxis to control outbreaks of influenza in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:608–616, 2002.
Solution of reference interaction site model for mixtures of short-chain polyatomic molecules
Authors: Wu Rong-Song , Lee Lloyd L. , Harwell Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2002

Mixtures of chain molecules—monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers—are studied using the soft interaction site model. The site–site Ornstein–Zernike equations are solved using the Percus–Yevick closure. The site–site potential is of the Lennard-Jones 12-6 type. The method of solution,
based on the efficient algorithm of Labik and employing Newton–Raphson accelerations, is shown to be fast, accurate and stable; it also shows good convergence behavior even with inaccurate initial estimates. New symmetrical properties among the atom–atom pairs are used to simplify the Jacobian matrix of solution. Pure as well as mixture systems are investigated. Comparison with
simulation data of Bañon et al. and Massobrio et al. is made. The structure is qualitatively described by the integral equations. The internal energy is well predicted by the reference interaction site model calculations.
Half-collision studies: Action spectroscopy of electronic energy transfer within the Cd⋅CH4 van der Waals complex
Authors: Wallace Ingvar , Breckenridge W. H. 
Published: July 2002

The technique of action spectroscopy has been used to characterize the ground state and excited states of the Cd–CH4 van der Waals complex and to study ‘‘half-collision’’ electronic energy transfer processes within the complex. By tuning one laser pulse in the spectral region near an atomic transition of the free Cd atom and monitoring a predissociation product with a second, delayed laser pulse, it has been possible to obtain ‘‘action’’ spectra which provide information about the excited Cd–CH4 potential surfaces from which electronic energy transfer processes occur. Excitation of the Cd⋅CH4 complex to the red of the Cd(5s5p 3P1 ← 5s5s 1S0) transition while monitoring Cd(5s5p 3P0) produces an anharmonic series of blue-shaded bands which have been assigned to the Cd⋅CH4(A 30+ ← X 10+) transition.
The spectra are similar to the A 30+ ← X 10+ laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of the Cd⋅Ar and Cd⋅Kr complexes, except that there are weaker subbands ∼9 cm−1 to the blue of each main band. Computer simulations of the rotational structure of several of the bands were successful, and spectroscopic parameters for both the X 10+ ground state and the A 30+ upper state are reported. It is postulated that Cd⋅CH4 is a hindered rotor with C3v (facial) geometry in both ground and upper states. Detailed considerations of the possible nuclear-spin isomers of symmetries A, F, and E, using the CH4 hindered-rotor calculations of Endo and Ohshima, lead to an assignment of the main bands as A 30+(E,K′ = 1) ← X 10+(E,K″ = 1) transitions and the subbands as A 30+(2F,K′ = 1) ← X 10+(2F,K″ = 1) transitions. It is suggested that the expected A 30+(F,K′ = 0) ← X 10+(F,K″ = 0) and A 30+(A,K′ = 0) ← X 10+(A,K″ = 0) transitions were not observed because the K′=0 states lack the rotational motion about the C3v axis which can couple the A 30+ (A1) state with the a 30− (A2) state [which correlates with Cd(5s5p 3P0)]. Action spectra of Cd⋅CH4 were also obtained to the red of the Cd(5s5p 1P1 ← 5s5s 1S0) transition when the probe laser was monitoring Cd(5s5p 3P2) products. The severely broadened spectra are consistent with extremely rapid predissociation of the C 1Π1 (C 11) van der Waals state by the repulsive c 3Σ1 (c 31) state, which correlates with Cd(5s5p 3P2) + CH4.
Current sheet stability and accelerated reconnection of magnetic field lines
Authors: Kleva Robert G. 
Published: July 2002

The stability of a narrow current sheet embedded in a sheared magnetic field to short wavelength microtearing modes is examined and a mechanism for the accelerated reconnection of magnetic field lines during the fast crash of sawteeth in tokamaks is presented. The stability of the sheet is shown to depend crucially on the sign of Il/ k′∥, where Il is the line current in the sheet and k∥ ≡dk∥(x)/dx is the rate of change of the parallel wave number in the direction of the inhomogeneity, as well as on three important characteristic lengths: Δr, the distance between the center of the current sheet and the resonant surface of the mode; the width σs of the sheet; and the resonant layer width wr of the mode. When Il/k′∥ is positive, the current sheet can be unstable only if Δr &lt; 1/2  max(σs,wr); otherwise, the sheet is stable. Conversely, when Il/k∥ is negative the sheet can be unstable only if Δr &gt; 1/2  max(σs,wr); otherwise, the sheet is stable. Expressions for the unstable spectrum and the growth rate of the unstable modes as a function of the relative magnitude of Δr, σs, and wr are presented. For narrow current sheets with σs&lt;wr, the growth rate of the tearing mode actually increases as the plasma resistivity decreases.
The stability analysis is applied to the current sheet generated around the X point of a q=1 mode during the fast crash of the central temperature during sawteeth in tokamaks. The sheet is unstable if σs is less than a critical width σsc/a ≡‖Is/I0‖ ×(4/qa), where Is/I0 is the ratio of the current Is in the sheet to the total current I0, a is the minor radius, and qa is the safety factor at the edge of the plasma. For typical TFTR tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Kyoto, 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1986), Vol. 1, p. 421] parameters, σsc is a few ion gyroradii. The sheet generated by the q=1 mode in a hot tokamak like TFTR or JET is much narrower than σsc. As a consequence, the sheet is unstable to a broad spectrum of short wavelength perturbations with m, n&gt;100, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. These modes grow rapidly with a growth time of the order of 1 μsec, much less than the sawtooth crash time of 50–100 μsec. This short wavelength turbulence will likely broaden the current sheet to the marginally stable width σsc and thereby increase the rate of reconnection of magnetic field lines by the q=1 mode, resulting in a fast crash of the central temperature.
Wave propagation in alternating solid and viscous fluid layers: Size effects in attenuation and dispersion of fast and slow waves
Authors: Schoenberg Michael , Sen Pabitra N. 
Published: July 2002

In a system of alternating parallel elastic solid layers (plates) and viscous fluid layers (channels), two types of waves propagate parallel to the layers in the low-frequency limit. They are related to fast and slow waves in Biot’s theory of wave propagation in porous media. The slownesses s0 fast and s0 slow obtained previously for the case of inviscid fluid layers between elastic plates are modified to reflect dispersion and attenuation due to fluid viscosity. Two important dimensionless dynamic parameters are L=φH/δ, where H is the period width, φ is the relative width of the fluid channel, i.e., the ‘‘porosity,’’ and δ=(2ν/ω)1/2 is the viscous skin depth, and Ω=ωφH/α f which is channel width times the fluid wave number. Here ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, α f is the fluid sound velocity, and ω is the radial frequency. In the frequency range for which L is very large L≫1 and Ω is very small Ω≪1, the attenuation and dispersion of both slow and fast waves exhibit similar dependences on L.
In particular, both wave velocities are decreased by an amount proportional to L−1(∼ω−1/2) and both have a quality factor Q proportional to L(∼ω1/2). To leading order in L−1 the wave slownesses have the form s2j=s20j[1+(1+i)Mj/L], j=fast or slow, where Mj are combinations of material and geometric parameters. The Q≡Re(s2)/Im(s2) factors are, for the fast wave, Qfast≊L/Mfast≊L/{[φρ f/(1−φ)ρ−ε]} and, for the slow wave, Qslow≊L/Mslow ≊L/(1+ε). ρ f and ρ are fluid and solid densities, respectively. ε is a usually small parameter given by 2(1−2γ)(ρ f/ρ)/ [α2pl/α2 f+(1−φ)ρ f/φρ−1], where γ is the square of the ratio of shear velocity to longitudinal velocity in the bulk solid and αpl is the velocity of long wavelength extensional plate waves.
Finance organizations, decisions and emotions
Authors: Pixley Jocelyn 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAnalyses of global financial markets are dominated by atomized models of decision‐making and behavioural psychology (‘exuberance’ or ‘panic’). In contrast, this paper argues that overwhelmingly, finance organizations rather than ‘individuals’ make decisions, and routinely use emotions in formulating expectations. Keynes introduced emotion (business confidence and animal spirits) but in economics, emotion remains individualistic and irrational. Luhmann's system theory lies at the other extreme, where emotions like trust and confidence are central variables, functional in the reduction of complexity in sub‐systems like the economy. The gap between irrational emotions aggregated to ‘herd’ behaviour in economics, and ‘system trust’ applied to finance and money as a ‘medium of communication’ in sociology, remains largely unfilled. This paper argues that while organizations cannot be said to ‘think’ or ‘feel’, they are rational and emotional, because impersonal trust, confidence and their contrary emotions are unavoidable in decision‐making due to fundamental uncertainty. These future‐oriented emotions are prevalent within and between organizations in the financial sector, primarily in generating expectations. The dynamic of corporate activities of tense and ruthless struggle is a more plausible level of analysis than either financial ‘manias’ in aggregate or ‘system trust’.
Osteogenic Sarcoma of the Maxilla: Neutron Therapy for UnresectableDisease
Authors: Smoron Geoffrey L. , Lennox Arlene J. , Mcgee James L. 
Published: July 2002

Purpose. To present a case study involving the use of fast neutron
therapy to treat an extensive unresectable osteogenic sarcoma arising from
the left maxilla.Patient. A 14‐year‐old male presented with a massive tumor producing
severe distortion of his facial structures. He had already received six courses of
chemotherapy, which had reduced his pain, but had not measurably reduced the tumor.Methods. The patient was treated with 66 MeV fast neutrons to a dose
of 20.4 Gy in 13 fractions over 35 days.Results. CT assessments indicate gradually increasing calcification
and noticeable reduction of soft‐tissue disease in the frontal sinus, orbit and maxillary
antrum.There has been some recontouring of the facial structures.The boy conducts an
active life, has no pain, and feels well. He was 17 years old at the last follow‐up.Discussion. Fast neutrons have a greater biological effectiveness
than conventional photon beams. Their use has been associated with improved chance
for local control of unresectable disease.This case illustrates their effectiveness in
controlling an unusual and aggressive osteogenic sarcoma of the facial bone and sinuses.
Association of Integrating Mental Health Into Pediatric Primary Care at Federally Qualified Health Centers With Utilization and Follow-up Care
Authors: Kim Jihye , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Gallagher Kerrin , Bair-Merritt Megan H. , Durham Michelle P. , Feinberg Emily , Morris Anita , Cole Megan B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceMore than 1 in 5 children in low-income families report a mental health (MH) problem, yet most face barriers accessing MH services. Integrating MH services into primary care at pediatric practices such as federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) may address these barriers.ObjectiveTo examine the association of a comprehensive MH integration model with health care utilization, psychotropic medication use, and MH follow-up care among Medicaid-enrolled children at FQHCs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used Massachusetts claims data from 2014 to 2017 to conduct difference-in-differences (DID) analyses before vs after implementation of a complete FQHC-based MH integration model. The sample included Medicaid-enrolled children aged 3 to 17 years who received primary care at 3 intervention FQHCs or 6 geographically proximal nonintervention FQHCs in Massachusetts. Data were analyzed in July 2022.ExposuresReceipt of care at an FQHC implementing the Transforming and Expanding Access to Mental Health Care in Urban Pediatrics (TEAM UP) model, which began fully integrating MH care into pediatrics in mid-2016.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUtilization outcomes included primary care visits, MH service visits, emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient admissions, and psychotropic medication use. Follow-up visits within 7 days of a MH-related ED visit or hospitalization were also examined.ResultsAmong the 20 170 unique children in the study sample, at baseline (2014), their mean (SD) age was 9.0 (4.1) years, and 4876 (51.2%) were female. In contrast to nonintervention FQHCs, TEAM UP was positively associated with primary care visits with MH diagnoses (DID, 4.35 visits per 1000 patients per quarter; 95% CI, 0.02 to 8.67 visits per 1000 patients per quarter) and MH service use (DID, 54.86 visits per 1000 patients per quarter; 95% CI, 1.29 to 108.43 visits per 1000 patients per quarter) and was negatively associated with rates of psychotropic medication use (DID, −0.4%; 95% CI −0.7% to −0.01%) and polypharmacy (DID, −0.3%; 95% CI, −0.4% to −0.1%). TEAM UP was positively associated with ED visits without MH diagnoses (DID, 9.45 visits per 1000 patients per quarter; 95% CI, 1.06 to 17.84 visits per 1000 patients per quarter), but was not significantly associated with ED visits with MH diagnoses. No statistically significant changes were observed in inpatient admissions, follow-up visits after MH ED visits, or follow-up visits after MH hospitalizations.Conclusions and RelevanceThe first 1.5 years of MH integration enhanced access to pediatric MH services while limiting the use of psychotropic medications. Additional implementation time is necessary to determine whether these changes will translate into reductions in avoidable utilization.
Depression Associated With Hormonal Contraceptive Use as a Risk Indicator for Postpartum Depression
Authors: Larsen Søren Vinther , Mikkelsen Anders Pretzmann , Lidegaard Øjvind , Frokjaer Vibe Gedso 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceHormonal sensitivity may contribute to the risk of depression in some women, as observed during the premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal phases, and when initiating hormonal contraception (HC). However, little evidence exists to support that such depressive episodes are linked across the reproductive life span.ObjectiveTo determine whether prior depression associated with HC initiation is coupled with a higher risk of postpartum depression (PPD) than prior depression not associated with HC initiation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used Danish health registry data collected from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2017, and analyzed from March 1, 2021, through January 1, 2023. All women living in Denmark born after 1978 with their first delivery between January 1, 1996, and June 30, 2017, were eligible for inclusion; 269 354 met these criteria. Women were then excluded if they had never used HC or if they had a depressive episode before 1996 or within 12 months prior to delivery.ExposuresPrior depression associated with vs not associated with HC initiation, ie, if developed within 6 months after start of an HC exposure or not. Depression was defined as a hospital diagnosis of depression or filling a prescription for antidepressant medication.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCrude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the incidence of PPD defined as the development of depression within 6 months after first delivery.ResultsOf 188 648 first-time mothers, 5722 (3.0%) (mean [SD] age, 26.7 [3.9] years) had a history of depression associated with initiation of HC use, and 18 431 (9.8%) (mean [SD] age, 27.1 [3.8] years) had a history of depression not associated with the initiation of HC. Women with HC-associated depression had a higher risk of PPD than women with prior non–HC-associated depression (crude OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24-1.64]; adjusted OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.17-1.56]).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that a history of HC-associated depression may be associated with a higher risk of PPD, supporting that HC-associated depression may indicate PPD susceptibility. This finding offers a novel strategy in clinical PPD risk stratification and points to the existence of a hormone-sensitive subgroup of women.