bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hydrogel-based first-aid tissue adhesive with effective hemostasis and anti-bacteria for trauma emergency management
Authors: Zhang Dongjie , Mei Li , Hao Yuanping , Yi Bingcheng , Hu Jilin , Wang Danyang , Zhao Yaodong , Wang Zhe , Huang Hailin , Xu Yongzhi , Deng Xuyang , Li Cong , Li Xuewei , Zhou Qihui , Lu Yun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical tissue adhesives remain some critical drawbacks for managing emergency injuries, such as inadequate adhesive strength and insufficient anti-infection ability. Herein, a novel, self-healing, and antibacterial carboxymethyl chitosan/polyaldehyde dextran (CMCS/PD) hydrogel is designed as the first-aid tissue adhesive for effective trauma emergency management.

Methods
We examined the gel-forming time, porosity, self-healing, antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, adhesive strength, and hemocompatibility. Liver hemorrhage, tail severance, and skin wound infection models of rats are constructed in vivo, respectively.

Results
Results demonstrate that the CMCS/PD hydrogel has the rapid gel-forming (~ 5 s), good self-healing, and effective antibacterial abilities, and could adhere to tissue firmly (adhesive strength of ~ 10 kPa and burst pressure of 327.5 mmHg) with excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. This suggests the great prospect of CMCS/PD hydrogel in acting as a first-aid tissue adhesive for trauma emergency management. The CMCS/PD hydrogel is observed to not only achieve rapid hemostasis for curing liver hemorrhage and tail severance in comparison to commercial hemostatic gel (Surgiflo ®) but also exhibit superior anti-infection for treating acute skin trauma compared with clinical disinfectant gel (Prontosan ®).

Conclusions
Overall, the CMCS/PD hydrogel offers a promising candidate for first-aid tissue adhesives to manage the trauma emergency. Because of the rapid gel-forming time, it could also be applied as a liquid first-aid bandage for mini-invasive surgical treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Development of consensus-based considerations for use of adult proxy reporting: an ISOQOL task force initiative
Authors: Lapin Brittany , Cohen Matthew L. , Corsini Nadia , Lanzi Alyssa , Smith Sarah C. , Bennett Antonia V. , Mayo Nancy , Mercieca-Bebber Rebecca , Mitchell Sandra A. , Rutherford Claudia , Roydhouse Jessica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
Many large-scale population-based surveys, research studies, and clinical care allow for inclusion of proxy reporting as a strategy to collect outcomes when patients are unavailable or unable to provide reliable self-report. Prior work identified an absence of methodological guidelines regarding proxy reporting in adult populations, including who can serve as a proxy, and considerations for data collection, analysis, and reporting. The primary objective of this work by the ISOQOL Proxy Task Force was to review documents and clinical outcome assessment measures with respect to proxy reporting and to develop, through consensus, considerations for proxy reporting.

Methods
We assembled an international group with clinically relevant and/or methodological expertise on proxy use in adult populations. We conducted a targeted review of documentation based on regulatory, non-regulatory, professional society, and individual measure sources. Using a standardized collection form, proxy-related information was extracted from each source including definitions of a proxy, characteristics of a proxy, domains addressable or addressed by a proxy, and observer-reporting.

Results
The definition of proxy was inconsistent across 39 sources, except regulatory documents which defined a proxy as a person other than the patient who reports on an outcome as if she/he were the patient. While proxy report was discouraged in regulatory documentation, it was acknowledged there were instances where self-report was impossible. Many documentation sources indicated proxies would be well-justified in certain contexts, but did not indicate who could act as a proxy, when proxies could be used, what domains of patient health they could report on, or how data should be reported. Observer-reported outcomes were typically defined as those based on observed behaviors, however there was not a consistent differentiation between proxy and observer reporting. Based on information extracted from these resources, we developed a checklist of considerations when including proxy-reported measures or using proxies in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation and reporting of proxy reported data.

Conclusion
Our targeted review highlights a lack of clarity in capturing, interpreting and reporting data from proxies in adult populations. We provide a checklist of considerations to assist researchers and clinicians with including proxies in research studies and clinical care. Lastly, our review identified areas where further guidance and future research are necessary.
Arrhythmogenicity of anti-tachycardia pacing in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Awad Sherien Samy , Azeez Emmanuel Fares , Taha Mohamed Ossama , El-Naggar Wael Mohamed , El-Damaty Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Anti-tachycardia pacing therapy (ATP) has shown comparable efficacy to shock therapy in ventricular tachycardia (VT) termination with better quality of life. However, some ATPs may lead to VT acceleration or degeneration to ventricular fibrillation (VF), which will result in more ICD shocks. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of VT acceleration by ATP therapy in a real-life patient cohort.

Results
We retrospectively reviewed 448 monomorphic VT episodes that required ATP therapy in 60 patients with structural heart diseases implanted with ICD or CRTD. The clinical data of the patients and the episodes’ details were evaluated. We found that patients with a higher ejection fraction (EF) were more likely to be cardioverted by ATP therapy (P: 0.024). VT acceleration was more frequent in patients with lower EF (mean 31.24 ± 4.08) compared with the non-accelerated patients with higher EF (mean 37.00 ± 9.4, P: 0.016). The percentage of accelerated episodes was 8.5%. VT episodes with a mean cycle length (CL) < 310 ms are more likely to accelerate (sensitivity 76.3%, specificity 67.7%, PPV value 45%, NPV 86%, and AUC 0.790). There was a statistically significant difference in the accelerated VT episodes as compared to non-accelerated episodes regarding the number of ATP bursts (mean 3.66 ± 2.22 vs. 1.76 ± 1.35, P: < 0.001), ramp (23.7% vs. 4.2%, P: < 0.001), scanning (55.3% vs. 31.3%, P: 0.003) and burst adaptive cycle length (mean 83.55 ± 2.92 vs. 84.64 ± 2.61, P: 0.016). In a multivariate analysis, the VT CL, number of ATP bursts and ramp pacing predicted VT acceleration by ATP therapy.

Conclusions
Ventricular tachycardia in patients with low LV EF and fast VTs with a CL less than 310 ms were more likely to accelerate with ATP therapy. The number of ATP bursts and the use of ramp had a significant effect on VT acceleration. To avoid VT acceleration by ATP therapy, ramp pacing better be avoided, especially in fast VTs, and lesser number of bursts should be delivered.
Quantitative analysis of white matter brain changes in tinnitus patients with normal hearing: a case-controlled study with diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Eltabbakh Amira , Nada Nashwa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This research aimed at assessing the white matter microstructural (WM) brain changes in tinnitus patients with bilateral normal peripheral hearing using diffuse tensor imaging to test whether, tinnitus alone without hearing loss can cause WM brain changes or not.

Patients and materials
Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this research, 14 patients with bilateral tinnitus without hearing loss (audiometrically proven) and 14 normal hearing controls. All subjects underwent a full basic audiological evaluation, tinnitus matching, and were asked to fill the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire. They underwent diffusion tensor brain imaging, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured at special parts of central auditory pathway, and parts of limbic system. A comparison between study and control groups was held as regards MD and FA at different brain sites using an independent sample Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Furthermore, the relationship between THI scores and the MD/FA measures was examined by correlation tests.

Results
As regards FA values, some regions as [lateral lemniscus (LL), inferior colliculus (IC), frontal arcuate fasciculi (AF) and parahippocampus] showed statistically significant decreased FA values in the tinnitus group compared to Normal Hearing (NH) group (p < 0.05). As regards MD values, tinnitus patients showed significantly higher MD values at (auditory cortex, amygdala, and AF) compared to control group (p < 0.05). As regards correlations, THI scores showed statistically significant positive correlation with MD values measured at Rt Amygdala (r = 0.55, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
The central auditory pathway affection is proved in tinnitus patients with normal hearing (as least as evidenced by conventional audiological examinations) and the auditory-limbic association is proved so far. The involvement of IC confirms the subcortical auditory centres involvement in the generation of the tinnitus. Auditory associations are also significantly impacted by the effect of tinnitus.
Enhanced fault diagnosis of wind energy conversion systems using ensemble learning based on sine cosine algorithm
Authors: Attouri Khadija , Dhibi Khaled , Mansouri Majdi , Hajji Mansour , Bouzrara Kais , Nounou Hazem 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of incipient fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using an innovative and effective approach called the ensemble learning-sine cosine optimization algorithm (EL-SCOA). The evolved strategy involves two primary steps: first, a sine-cosine algorithm is used to extract and optimize features in order to only select the most descriptive ones. Second, to further improve the capability, thereby providing the highest accuracy performance, the newly gathered dataset is introduced as input to an ensemble learning paradigm, which merges the benefits of boosting and bagging techniques with an artificial neural network classifier. The essential goal of the developed proposal is to discriminate between the diverse operating conditions (one healthy and six faulty conditions). Three potential and frequent types of faults that can affect the system behaviors including short-circuit, open-circuit, and wear-out are considered and thereby injected at diverse locations and sides (grid and generator sides) in order to evaluate the availability and performance of the proposed technique when compared to the conventional FDD methods. The diagnosis performance is analyzed in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and computation time. The acquired outcomes demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested diagnostic paradigm compared to conventional FDD techniques (accuracy rate has been successfully achieved 98.35%).
Surgeon Quality and Patient Survival After Resection for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ray Meredith A. , Akinbobola Olawale , Fehnel Carrie , Saulsberry Andrea , Dortch Kourtney , Wolf Bradley , Valaulikar Ganpat , Patel Hetal D. , Ng Thomas , Robbins Todd , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Faris Nicholas R. , Osarogiagbon Raymond U. ,   The Mid-South Quality of Surgical Resection (MS-QSR) Consortium, Wiggins Horace L. , Talton David , Stevenson Daniel R. , Koury Albert 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE
The quality and outcomes of curative-intent lung cancer surgery vary in populations. Surgeons are key drivers of surgical quality. We examined the association between surgeon-level intermediate outcomes differences, patient survival differences, and potential mitigation by processes of care.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using a baseline population-based surgical resection cohort, we derived surgeon-level cut points for rates of positive margins, nonexamination of lymph nodes, nonexamination of mediastinal lymph nodes, and wedge resections. Applying the baseline cut points to a subsequent cohort from the same population-based data set, we assign surgeons into three performance categories in reference to each metric: 1 (<25th percentile), 2 (25th-75th percentile), and 3 (>75th percentile). The sum of performance scores created three surgeon quality tiers: 1 (4-6, low), 2 (7-9, intermediate), and 3 (10-12, high). We used chi-squared, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare patient characteristics between the baseline and subsequent cohorts and across surgeon tiers. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between patient survival and surgeon performance tier, sequentially adjusting for clinical stage, patient characteristics, and four specific processes.

RESULTS
From 2009 to 2021, 39 surgeons performed 4,082 resections across the baseline and subsequent cohorts. Among 31 subsequent cohort surgeons, five were tier 1, five were tier 2, and 21 were tier 3. Tier 1 and 2 surgeons had significantly worse outcomes than tier 3 surgeons (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.72 and 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.43, respectively). Adjustment for specific processes mitigated the surgeon-tiered survival differences, with adjusted HRs of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.3) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.25), respectively.

CONCLUSION
Readily accessible intermediate outcomes metrics can be used to stratify surgeon performance for targeted process improvement, potentially reducing patient survival disparities.
Implementation evidence-based in healthcare organizations management and policy
Authors: Alsaqqa Hatem H. 
Published: June 2023

Aim The goal of this paper is to introduce a perspective view of the formation and application of the evidence-based management approach to investigators, managers and policymakers as to how different determinants and managerial-decision processes can be more effectively linked for the salient of healthcare organizations. Methods The author compiled this analysis on the basis of published literature and his experience as a researcher in the healthcare management. The author briefly reviews the evolution of evidence-based management in this article and designs a perspective framework for improving its production and the impact of its application in a broad variety of contexts. Results This paper can inform the global healthcare evidence-based agenda by (1) providing a framework for operational recommendations for the implementation of the healthcare evidence-based, (2) defining evidence-based management guidelines’ recommendations, and (3) enhance methods for adopting and tailoring evidence-based management. Conclusion The use of the presented domains’ guidelines and recommendations will increase the consistency of the characterization of the evidence-based management approach. The author agrees that it is a high priority to establish approaches to monitoring evidence-based management in healthcare organizations. Laterally, this perspective review will help in the implementation of such an approach.
Protocol for the development and validation of a patient reported measure (PRM) of treatment burden in stroke
Authors: Gallacher Katie I , Taylor-Rowan Martin , Eton David T , McLeod Hamish , Kidd Lisa , Wood Karen , Sardar Aleema , Quinn Terry J , Mair Frances S 
Published: June 2023

Background Treatment burden is the workload of healthcare for people with long-term conditions and the impact on wellbeing. A validated measure of treatment burden after stroke is needed. We aim to adapt a patient-reported measure (PRM) of treatment burden in multimorbidity, PETS (Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-Management version 2.0), to create a stroke-specific measure, PETS-stroke. We aim to examine content validity, construct validity, reliability and feasibility in a stroke survivor population. Methods 1) Adaptation of 60-item PETS to PETS-stroke using a taxonomy of treatment burden. 2) Content validity testing through cognitive interviews that will explore the importance, relevance and clarity of each item. 3) Evaluation of scale psychometric properties through analysis of data from stroke survivors recruited via postal survey (n=340). Factor structure will be tested with confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha will be used to index internal consistency. Construct validity will be tested against: The Stroke Southampton Self-Management Questionnaire; The Satisfaction with Stroke Care Measure; and The Shortened Stroke Impact Scale. We will explore known-groups validity by exploring the association between treatment burden, socioeconomic deprivation and multimorbidity. Test-retest reliability will be examined via re-administration after 2 weeks. Acceptability and feasibility of use will be explored via missing data rates and telephone interviews with 30 participants. Conclusions We aim to create a validated PRM of treatment burden after stroke. PETS-stroke is designed for use as an outcome measure in clinical trials of stroke treatments and complex interventions to ascertain if treatments are workable for patients in the context of their everyday lives.
A comparison of biphasic manual and semi-automatic external defibrillation
Authors: Smith Neil , Moat Chris , Neoptolemos Ptolemy 
Published: June 2023

Background: Biphasic manual defibrillation (MD) is advocated as the preferred strategy for paramedics ahead of semi-automatic external defibrillation (SAED) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: A systematic review involved searching CINAHL, MEDLINE and Embase academic databases. Comparative studies where both strategies were tested for time to first defibrillation (TTFD) and related Utstein-based model outcomes were examined to discern which strategy was superior. Results: Two studies met the criteria. One study found that in 4552 SAED episodes of defibrillation (30.8% of the 14 776 total defibrillation episodes), a decrease of >10% in mean TTFD (P<0.001) of an intial shockable rhythm was recorded. The same study reported an overall decrease in TTFD within 2 minutes (95% CI/P<0.001), with a 68% improved odds of receiving a shock within two minutes. SAED was associated with a 26% reduction in the risk-adjusted odds of survival (95% CI/P<0.009), attributed to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delays. The other examined 160 defibrillations in OHCA. The MD median TTFD was 7 seconds faster (95% CI/P<0.0001) and responsible for 20% more inappropriate shocks. Conclusions: Modern SAED is superior in reducing TTFD and inappropriate shocks. The modern SAED and MD strategies can be enhanced by interruption-reducing technology. New SAED algorithms can detect shockable rhythms in 3 seconds. More randomised studies need to be conducted using up-to-date devices. A multifaceted approach incorporating technological advancements, ongoing research and training is necessary to ensure that the most effective defibrillation strategy is employed.
An overview of cybercrime law in South Africa
Authors: Snail ka Mtuze Sizwe , Musoni Melody 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake and use of information communication technologies and led to the digital transformation of different sectors of the economy. For South Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic struck at a time when the South African government had committed itself to leveraging technology for the benefit of its citizens, the private sector, and the public sector. By 2020, South Africa already had in place enabling policy and legal frameworks to assist with the regulation of activities taking place in cyberspace. The increase in broadband access has resulted in the increase of internet users. Due to increase in use of digital technologies and processing of personal data, there has been an increase in cyber-attacks and cybercrimes such as data breaches, identity theft and cyber fraud. Several South African based companies, state owned entities, government departments and citizens have been victims of cyber-attacks. To respond to the growing spectre of cybercrime, the South African government promulgated laws to supplement the existing legal framework. It also operationalised some of the laws which had been passed but had not yet come into operation. This paper gives a summary of the evolution of cybercrime laws in South Africa. It starts off by summarising how common law and the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act addressed cybercrime. The paper then proceeds to discuss the recently promulgated Cybercrimes Act, which is now the primary law criminalising certain online activities. It explores how the various provisions of the Cybercrimes Act address different types of cybercrimes known today. This discussion is aimed at demonstrating that South Africa is no longer a safe haven for cybercriminals.
Antimicrobial resistance among farming communities in Wakiso District, Central Uganda: A knowledge, awareness and practice study
Authors: Muleme James , Ssempebwa John C. , Musoke David , Kankya Clovice , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Okello Justine , Ninsiima Lesley Rose , Wambi Rogers , Baguma James Natweta , Lubega Grace , Wagaba Brenda , Hartnack Sonja 
Published: June 2023

Background
Antibiotics are increasingly becoming ineffective as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to develop and spread globally—leading to more difficult to treat infections. Countries such as Uganda are still challenged with implementation of AMR related strategies due to data paucity. This includes a lack of data on the prevailing knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use among farming communities, both commercial and subsistence, which are instrumental in the implementation of targeted interventions. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on AMR among subsistence and commercial farmers in Wakiso district, central Uganda.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire in Wakiso district, Central Uganda in between June and September 2021. Polytomous latent class analyses were performed to group participants based on their responses. Multivariable regression and conditional inference trees were used to determine the association between demographic factors and knowledge on antibiotics and AMR.

Results
A total of 652 respondents participated in the study among whom 84% were able to correctly describe what antibiotics are. Subsistence farmers (OR = 6.89, 95% CI [3.20; 14.83]), and to a lesser extent, farming community members which obtained their main income by another business (OR = 2.25, 95% CI [1.345; 3.75]) were more likely to be able to describe antibiotics correctly than individuals involved in commercial farming. Based on the latent class analysis, three latent classes indicating different levels of knowledge on AMR, were found. Subsistence farming, higher educational level and younger age were found to be associated with belonging to a class of better knowledge.

Conclusion
The majority of participants were able to correctly describe antibiotics and aware of AMR, however there was some degree of misunderstanding of several AMR concepts. Targeted AMR interventions should improve awareness and also ensure that not only subsistence farmers, but commercial farmers, are included.