bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacier changes and their impacts on the melt runoff in high and moderate elevation ranges of Himalayan Upper Ganges Basin
Authors: Singh Vishal , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Nagale Devendra Shashikant , Singh Japjeet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rise in temperatures over the Himalayan regions due to climate change have shown profound effects on the seasonality and long‐term availability of snow melt runoff and glacier melt runoff. As per the sixth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Himalayan glaciers are retreating and the fraction of precipitation falling as snow is altering. This study analyses the effect of snow‐glacier changes on the melt runoff (1986–2020) over the Upper Ganga river basin (up to Rishikesh) using a fully distributed model namely, Spatial Process in Hydrology (SPHY), which governs by Temperature Index Model approach with varying degree‐day factors. This study performs the two‐step calibration approach for model parameterization and to evaluate the snow and glacier melt runoff utilizing the observed discharge and real time satellite datasets. The SPHY derived snow cover was compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived snow covers. Results show that the SPHY modelled fractional snow covers found comparable to MODIS derived snow covers (~70%–90% correlation). The R2 based comparison of SPHY modelled runoff (Q) and observed Q at two gauges namely, Maneri (~0.85) and Rishikesh (~0.80) found reasonable. For the assessment of glacier changes and corresponding melt runoff, temporal glacier maps (i.e., for years 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020) were prepared utilizing the Landsat imageries. Results showed a noticeable reduction in the glacier areas (~5% mass reduction in 30 years) and an increase in glacier melt runoff at different stations (e.g., at Bhojwasa ~3%–4% and at Rishikesh ~1%–2%). Similarly, a decrease in snow melt runoff (~3%–4%) and an increase in rainfall runoff (~3%) were computed. A month wise percent of change analysis has shown significant fluctuations in the magnitude and seasonality of all runoff components (i.e., snow Q, glacier Q, base Q and rainfall induced Q) in the Himalayan Upper Ganga basin.
Functional analyses of undesirable behavior by nonhumans: A concise review
Authors: Rotta Katarina , Essig Lindsay , Davis Jade , Poling Alan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe reviewed 13 articles that used functional analysis in the assessment of undesirable behavior emitted by dogs, cats, a baboon, a lemur, a chimpanzee, and a vulture. The functional analysis produced a clear outcome for 32 of 33 subjects, demonstrating its efficacy with nonhumans. We propose several avenues for further examination of its application to nonhumans.
PHarmacistavoidance or reductions in medical costs inCRITicallyill adults rounding with oneSERVICEcompared to two or more services:PHARM‐CRIT‐SERVICE
Authors: Smetana Keaton S. , Flannery Alexander H. , Gurnani Payal K. , Peppard William J. , Van Berkel Patel Megan A. , Joyce Cara , Rech Megan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists are integral members of the interdisciplinary health care team. Pharmacy staffing models vary by ICU and hospital, and clinical pharmacists may cover one ICU service or multiple services. It is presently unknown how covering or rounding on multiple services relative to one service impacts the quantity of interventions made or the acceptance rate of those interventions.MethodsExploratory analysis of the PHarmacist Avoidance or Reductions in Medical costs in CRITically ill adults (PHARM‐CRIT) study, a multicenter, prospective, observational study was performed between August 2018 and January 2019 in academic medical centers and community hospitals throughout the United States. ICU pharmacists documented recommendations and accepted interventions. Pharmacists that covered one service were compared to those who covered two or more services or no services.Results218 ICU pharmacists participated across 85 centers. There were 2905 shifts and the primary rounding structure was one service (n = 1766, 60.8%) compared to covering two or more services (n = 822, 28.3%), and no rounding (n = 317, 10.9%). The percent of pharmacists with accepted interventions was higher with one service compared to the other groups: one service (45.7% ± 1.8) vs. no rounding (12.7% ± 1) (odds ratio [OR] 4.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19–5.78]) and one service vs. two or more services (31.6% ± 1.6) (OR 1.81 [95% CI 1.67–1.95]). This was also observed when comparing two or more services to no rounding (OR 2.73 [95% CI 2.32–3.2]). The probability of an intervention being accepted was highest in pharmacists rounding on one service, followed by two or more services, and least likely without rounding. Increasing the patient load of the pharmacist in any of the rounding structures resulted in a decline in interventions being accepted.ConclusionsICU pharmacists rounding with one service relative to two or more or none had more interventions attempted and accepted.
Origin of structure and stability of M@C18 (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes with D9h point group
Authors: Pooja  , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTheoretical predictions and recent experimental studies lead to the discovery of an exciting new member of the carbon allotrope family polyynic cyclo[18]carbon (C18). Present investigation aims to probe the structure, stability, and properties of coinage metal (M)@C18 complexes using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT results unequivocally show that even Cu@C18, Ag@C18, and Au@C18 complexes substantially preserve the ground state polyynic structure of C18. It is also worth to mention that only Au@C18 is a stable D9h structure, however the symmetry is distorted in the case of Cu@C18 and Ag@C18. Due to computational limitations, in this investigation the M@C18 complexes were scrutinized using the C2v sub abelian group of D9h. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of D9h conformers are a singlet a1 and two same value singlets a1 ⊕ b1 generated from doublet e, respectively. The non‐covalent interaction index (NCI), quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM), and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) vividly explains the interaction between a coinage metal atom and C18 ring. It is found from the results that the stability of Cu@C18 Ag@C18, and Au@C18 is governed by the attractive electrostatic, orbital and dispersion interaction.
Delayed progressive sensorineural hearing loss due to a novel compound heterozygous PTPRQ mutation in a Chinese patient
Authors: Qin Yao , Ma Yi’nan , Zeng Zhen’gang , Zhong Zhen , Qi Yu , Liu Yuhe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Q (PTPRQ) gene encodes a member of the type III receptor‐like protein tyrosine phosphatase family found in the stereocilium. Mutations in PTPRQ are mostly associated with deafness, autosomal recessive type 84 (DFNB 84), which usually results in progressive familial hearing loss.MethodsA 25‐year‐old woman and her sister, both with postlingual‐delayed progressive sensorineural hearing loss, were examined. They were from a nonconsanguineous marriage and had no family history of hearing loss. New compound heterozygous PTPRQ gene mutations, nonsense (c.90C > A, p.Y30X) and splice (c.5426 + 1G > A) mutations in two PTPRQ alleles, were identified in the two sisters and were presumably autosomal recessive. The c.90C > A (p.Y30X) mutation was mapped to exon 2 of PTPRQ (NM_001145026).ResultsThe c.90C > A mutation leads to a premature stop codon and a truncated protein. The c.5426 + 1G > A mutation leads to a truncated protein lacking the extracellular domain. Hence, both mutations were predicted to be pathogenic, leading to a deficiency of the extracellular, transmembrane, and phosphatase domains because of nonsense‐mediated mRNA degradation.ConclusionsThis study increases the spectrum of PTPRQ gene mutations that might be involved in delayed progressive autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss.
Student learning of head and neck anatomy using cone beam computed tomography and immersive virtual reality
Authors: Kim‐Berman Hera , Bui Duy , Lee Katelyn , Mitchell Vanessa , Bonine Brandon , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Ramaswamy Vidya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of student learning of anatomy and 3D imaging concepts using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and immersive virtual reality (VR) technology.MethodologyNinety (n = 90) first year dental students with no previous experience in 3D imaging were recruited. All participants completed a 10‐item, multiple‐choice questionnaire (MCQ) and a pre‐survey prior to the educational intervention. Following a brief video orientation on CBCT and anatomy, each participant underwent a one‐on‐one educational intervention using immersive VR with calibrated instructors to identify head and neck anatomic structures using a VR/CBCT educational tool. Immediately following the intervention, all participants completed a postsurvey, a second MCQ, NASA task load index and presence questionnaires. Participants completed a third MCQ 2 weeks following the intervention. Analysis of objective measures of performance on MCQ's (p < 0.05) and subjective data from the questionnaires was completed.ResultsThe students doubled their mean test scores 2.45 ± 1.274 to 5.99 ± 1.576 on MCQ's immediately following the educational intervention (p < 0.05). The significant increase in the MCQ test scores was maintained after 2 weeks, 5.73 ± 1.721 (p < 0.05). There were no gender differences in student test performance. Students rated the immersive VR/CBCT educational intervention experience highly for control, sensory, and realism factors with minimal distraction and frustration factors.ConclusionResults from this study show that immersive VR/CBCT educational intervention improved test performance and contributed to information recall in students. Further benefits reported by participants include the sense of presence and increased engagement using immersive VR.
Insights into genetic assistant practice and the workforce in North America
Authors: Krutish Angela , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Kelly Christine , Chin Shannon R. , Hartley Jessica N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic assistant positions are now widely integrated in genetic services to address genetic counselor shortages and ultimately improve efficiency. While over 40% of genetic counselors report working with a genetic assistant (“NSGC Professional Status Survey: Work Environment,” 2022), there is limited information about the genetic assistant workforce. The present study surveyed 164 genetic assistants and 139 individuals with experience working with genetic assistants (specifically genetic counselors, residents, geneticists, and administrative staff). Information was collected about genetic assistant demographics, positions, roles and responsibilities, and career paths. The data revealed that the genetic assistant workforce is demographically similar to the genetic counselor workforce and that most genetic assistants intend to pursue a career in genetic counseling. The genetic assistant positions were heterogeneous in terms of the roles and responsibilities assigned, even when separated by work setting. Lastly, participants reported that there were at least 144 genetic assistants across their institutions, a number that has likely grown since the time of the survey. The findings from this study highlight important opportunities for future research and focus, especially development of a scope of practice and competencies for genetic assistants, as well as the potential to use genetic assistant positions as an avenue to improve diversity within the genetic counseling workforce.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐based scaffolds as antibacterial agents: Synthetic strategies, reactions, and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Mourad Asmaa Kamal , Mohammed Fatehia K. , Essawy Abd El‐Naby Ibrahim , Soliman Ahmed Yousef , Sayed Samar Magdy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is one of the most favored heterocycles in drug discovery. Herein, a convenient and efficient protocol for the assembly of the hitherto unreported 4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐3‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐thiol (1) was disclosed. This approach comprises arylidene formation via a Knoevenagel condensation reaction between commercially available 3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one and 4‐(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde followed by a subsequent cyclization reaction with thiourea. Thereafter, a series of assorted fused and attached heterocycles originating from pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivative 1 was synthesized. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the novel assembled heterocycles was in vitro evaluated against diversified Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Various analytical and spectroscopic methods were utilized to confirm the proposed structures of the newly‐synthesized compounds.
Pediatric Tracheostomy Emergency Readiness Assessment Tool: International Consensus Recommendations
Authors: Schiff Elliot , Propst Evan J. , Balakrishnan Karthik , Johnson Kaalan , Lounsbury David W. , Brenner Michael J. , Tawfik Marc‐Mina ,   Pediatric Tracheostomy Emergency Readiness Workgroup, Yang Christina J. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo achieve consensus on critical steps and create an assessment tool for actual and simulated pediatric tracheostomy emergencies that incorporates human and systems factors along with tracheostomy‐specific steps.MethodsA modified Delphi method was used. Using REDCap software, an instrument comprising 29 potential items was circulated to 171 tracheostomy and simulation experts. Consensus criteria were determined a priori with a goal of consolidating and ordering 15 to 25 final items. In the first round, items were rated as “keep” or “remove”. In the second and third rounds, experts were asked to rate the importance of each item on a 9‐point Likert scale. Items were refined in subsequent iterations based on analysis of results and respondents' comments.ResultsThe response rates were 125/171 (73.1%) for the first round, 111/125 (88.8%) for the second round, and 109/125 (87.2%) for the third round. 133 comments were incorporated. Consensus (>60% participants scoring ≥8, or mean score >7.5) was reached on 22 items distributed across three domains. There were 12, 4, and 6 items in the domains of tracheostomy‐specific steps, team and personnel factors, and equipment respectively.ConclusionsThe resultant assessment tool can be used to assess both tracheostomy‐specific steps as well as systems factors affecting hospital team response to simulated and clinical pediatric tracheostomy emergencies. The tool can also be used to guide debriefing discussions of both simulated and clinical emergencies, and to spur quality improvement initiatives.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 133:3588–3601, 2023
Generation of Haploid Spermatids on Silk Fibroin‐Alginate‐Laminin‐Based Porous 3D Scaffolds
Authors: Bashiri Zahra , Moghaddaszadeh Ali , Falak Reza , Khadivi Farnaz , Afzali Azita , Abbasi Mehdi , Sharifi Ali Mohammad , Asgari Hamid Reza , Ghanbari Farid , Koruji Morteza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn vitro production of sperm is a desirable idea for fertility preservation in azoospermic men and prepubertal boys suffering from cancer. In this study, a biocompatible porous scaffold based on a triad mixture of silk fibroin (SF), alginate (Alg), and laminin (LM) is developed to facilitate the differentiation of mouse spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs). Following SF extraction, the content is analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and stable porous 3D scaffolds are successfully prepared by merely Alg, SF, and a combination of Alg‐SF, or Alg‐SF‐LM through freeze‐drying. Then, the biomimetic scaffolds are characterized regarding the structural and biological properties, water absorption capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical behavior. Neonatal mice testicular cells are seeded on three‐dimensional scaffolds and their differentiation efficiency is evaluated using real‐time PCR, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry. Blend matrices showed uniform porous microstructures with interconnected networks, which maintained long‐term stability and mechanical properties better than homogenous structures. Molecular analysis of the cells after 21 days of culture showed that the expression of differentiation‐related proteins in cells that are developed in composite scaffolds is significantly higher than in other groups. The application of a composite system can lead to the differentiation of SSCs, paving the way for a novel infertility treatment landscape in the future.
Consolidation of Stone Materials by Organic and Hybrid Polymers: An Overview
Authors: Mariani Alberto , Malucelli Giulio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHistoric stone buildings and monuments undergo a gradual, unstoppable, and episodic deterioration due to environmental or climatic impact, biological or mechanical deterioration, or, in the case of better‐preserved structures, inadequate maintenance. Water infiltration, freezing and thawing, carbonation, wind erosion, acid rain, and graffiti/vandalism are the key “environmental” issues that strongly impact cultural heritage and therefore must be limited or even prevented. This interaction leads to the occurrence of different phenomena, possibly involving blistering phenomena on the stone surface, its gradual weather away, leaving a sound surface behind, or the dropping away of the bulk material, because of prolonged weathering, in a single event. It is noteworthy that, quite often, the stone may appear perfectly intact to the naked eye, though it is losing its cohesion beneath its surface. Therefore, it becomes necessary to either efficiently protect the stone substrates to prolong their life, or to fix the damage that already occurred by means of effective, reliable, and long‐lasting consolidation/restoration strategies. This work aims at summarizing the current state‐of‐the‐art referring to the use of monomeric/oligomeric or polymeric consolidants, providing the reader with some perspectives for the next future.
Treatment of short bowel syndrome: Breaking the therapeutic ceiling?
Authors: Wauters Lucas , Joly Francisca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is the most common cause of chronic intestinal failure, requiring home parenteral support (intravenous fluid, parenteral nutrition, or parenteral nutrition with intravenous fluid) to compensate for severe malabsorption. The loss of mucosal absorptive area after extensive intestinal resection is accompanied by an accelerated transit and hypersecretion. Changes in physiology and clinical outcomes differ between patients with SBS with or without the distal ileum and/or colon‐in‐continuity. This narrative review summarizes the treatments used in SBS, with a focus on novel approaches with intestinotrophic agents. During the early postoperative years, spontaneous adaptation occurs and can be induced or accelerated with conventional therapies, which include dietary and fluid modifications and antidiarrheal and antisecretory drugs. Based on the proadaptive role of enterohormones (eg, glucagon‐like peptide [GLP]‐2), analogues have been developed to allow enhanced or hyperadaptation after a period of stabilization. Teduglutide is the first GLP‐2 analogue developed and commercialized with proadaptive effects resulting in reduced parenteral support needs; however, the potential for weaning of parenteral support is variable. Whether early treatment with enterohormones or accelerated hyperadaptation would further improve absorption and outcomes remains to be shown. Longer‐acting GLP‐2 analogues are currently being investigated. Encouraging reports with GLP‐1 agonists require confirmation in randomized trials, and dual GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 analogues have yet to be clinically investigated. Future studies will prove whether the timing and/or combinations of different enterohormones will be able to break the ceiling of intestinal rehabilitation in SBS.
Quantifying Faculty Perception of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within Academic Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Departments
Authors: Renslo Bryan , Sawaf Tuleen , Virgen Celina G. , Sykes Kevin J. , Villwock Jennifer , Chiu Alexander G. , Clark James H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveInvestigating faculty perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among academic otolaryngology programs.Study DesignQuantitative survey.SettingAcademic otolaryngology departments.MethodsThe DEI Inventory was developed by a multi‐institutional health equity consortium and disseminated within 16 academic otolaryngology programs. The inventory consisted of 25 items graded on a 5‐point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree), 2 yes/no questions, and 5 items reflecting overall DEI, stress, and burnout among academic otolaryngologists. Validated imposter phenomenon and personality trait measures were also included.ResultsThe inventory received 158 (31.0%) partial and 111 (21.8%) full responses. No significant differences were identified in DEI scores by race. Compared to males, females reported lower scores on the overall DEI Inventory (3.6 vs 4.3, p < .001). Female respondents also reported greater levels of imposter phenomenon than their male counterparts (53.2 vs 47.5, p = .049).ConclusionPreliminary responses to our DEI Inventory suggest that faculty perception of DEI is not impacted by race. Female faculty report considerably lower perceptions of DEI than their male counterparts and experience greater levels of imposter phenomenon. The results of the DEI Inventory can help departments design meaningful interventions to improve levels of DEI among faculty.
Burdens of disease and caregiver burden in complex vascular malformations
Authors: Kalbfell Rachel , Wang Wendy , Fishman Shelbie , Kerr Anna M. , Sisk Bryan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionVascular malformations (VMs) are rare diseases that affect a wide age range of patients and require complicated care and management. The strain these conditions put on patients and their caretakers is not well understood. This study aims to characterize those burdens in young adult patients and parents of patients with VMs to improve communication, health‐related quality of life, and caregiver burden.MethodsWe performed semi‐structured interviews with patients and parents of patients with VMs. Interviews were conducted via telephone or video‐call software, recorded, and transcribed. The transcriptions were analyzed to identify burden themes through multiple rounds of codebook development and refinement. The final codebook was applied to all interviews.ResultsTwenty‐five young adult patients and 34 parent interviews were performed and led to the identification of four primary themes of disease burden that showed up in almost every interview: burdens of the disease process, logistical and financial burdens, psychological and emotional burdens, and social burdens. Persistent uncertainty was prominent and exacerbated all other burdens as well.DiscussionWe found that patients and parents struggle with burdens in a wider breadth of life experiences than have been previously characterized in the literature. They feel stressors of isolation, struggles with their identity, and even traumatic experiences from prior medical encounters. It is critical for providers of these patients and families to be aware of the burdens that they face outside of the immediate medical context. Acknowledging and providing space to address these burdens has the potential to greatly improve therapeutic relationships.