bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine‐Based Organic Frameworks: Building Blocks, Coordination Microenvironments, Structure‐Performance Relationships
Authors: Lv Ning , Li Qian , Zhu Huang , Mu Shengdong , Luo Xianglin , Ren Xiancheng , Liu Xikui , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong , Ma Tian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetal‐porphyrins or metal‐phthalocyanines‐based organic frameworks (POFs), an emerging family of metal‐N‐C materials, have attracted widespread interest for application in electrocatalysis due to their unique metal‐N4coordination structure, high conjugatedπ‐electron system, tunable components, and chemical stability. The key challenges of POFs as high‐performance electrocatalysts are the need for rational design for porphyrins/phthalocyanines building blocks and an in‐depth understanding of structure–activity relationships. Herein, the synthesis methods, the catalytic activity modulation principles, and the electrocatalytic behaviors of 2D/3D POFs are summarized. Notably, detailed pathways are given for modulating the intrinsic activity of the M‐N4site by the microenvironments, including central metal ions, substituent groups, and heteroatom dopants. Meanwhile, the topology tuning and hybrid system, which affect the conjugation network or conductivity of POFs, are also considered. Furthermore, the representative electrocatalytic applications of structured POFs in efficient and environmental‐friendly energy conversion areas, such as carbon dioxide reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and water splitting are briefly discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review focusing on the frontier will provide multidisciplinary and multi‐perspective guidance for the subsequent experimental and theoretical progress of POFs and reveal their key challenges and application prospects in future electrocatalytic energy conversion systems.
Seizures in trisomy 18: Prevalence, description, and treatment
Authors: Jaspersen Sue L. , Bruns Deborah A. , Candee Meghan S. , Battaglia Agatino , Carey John C. , Fishler Kristen P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChanges in medical intervention over the last decade have improved outcomes for individuals with trisomy 18, the second most common human aneuploidy syndrome at birth. As children with trisomy 18 live longer, a shared concern of medical experts and parents is the occurrence and treatment of seizures. Previously published surveillance guidelines for this condition have not addressed seizure management. Using parent‐reported data collected as part of the Tracking Rare Incidence Syndromes project, we report on the prevalence, course, and management of seizures in individuals with trisomy 18. Twenty‐eight percent (52/186) of individuals diagnosed with trisomy 18 in our retrospective cohort experienced generalized, focal, or mixed seizures at some point in their lifetime. For many individuals, seizures were effectively managed by broad‐spectrum anti‐seizure medications. Correlation analysis showed that focal and generalized seizures were more likely to occur in individuals who had previously experienced infantile spasms or central apnea. Electroencephalogram testing should be considered as part of a standard screening approach in individuals with trisomy 18 to enable early diagnosis and treatment of seizures. An international registry that incorporates parent‐reported and clinical data for patients with trisomy 18 may facilitate ongoing research and recruitment into clinical trials for seizure management.
Smart Nanosensitizers for Activatable Sono‐Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Tumors by Redox‐Controlled Disassembly
Authors: Liu Lingjun , Zhang Junya , An Ruibing , Xue Qi , Cheng Xi , Hu Yuxuan , Huang Zheng , Wu Luyan , Zeng Wenhui , Miao Yinxing , Li Jie , Zhou Yu , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Liu Hong , Ye Deju 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTumor‐targeted and stimuli‐activatable nanosensitizers are highly desirable for cancer theranostics. However, designing smart nanosensitizers with multiple imaging signals and synergistic therapeutic activities switched on is challenging. Herein, we report tumor‐targeted and redox‐activatable nanosensitizers (1‐NPs) for sono‐photodynamic immunotherapy of tumors by molecular co‐assembly and redox‐controlled disassembly.1‐NPsshow a high longitudinal relaxivity (r1=18.7±0.3 mM−1 s−1), but “off” dual fluorescence (FL) emission (at 547 and 672 nm), “off” sono‐photodynamic therapy and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition activities. Upon reduction by glutathione (GSH),1‐NPsrapidly disassemble and remotely release small molecules2‐Gd, Zn‐PPA‐SH and NLG919, concurrently switching on (1) dual FL emission, (2) sono‐photodynamic therapy and (3) IDO1 inhibition activities. After systemic injection,1‐NPsare effective for bimodal FL and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging‐guided sono‐photodynamic immunotherapy of orthotropic breast and brain tumors in mice under combined ultrasound (US) and 671‐nm laser irradiation.
Low Coordination State RhI‐Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction ofpenta‐Substituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Junyou , Xu Weici , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA simple, broad‐scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of varioustri‐substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI‐complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range ofpenta‐substituted, fused‐ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI‐carbene‐directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π‐π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
Influence of SiC nanoparticles on properties of alkali‐treated areca fruit husk fiber/hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Brailson Mansingh Bright , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Amala Mithin Minther Singh Amirthaiah , Sagai Francis Britto Antony 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work presents the comprehensive characterization of alkali treated areca fruit husk fiber (AAFHF) an industrial agro‐waste reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix hybrid composite with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles as filler material. Hybrid composite plates were fabricated with 40 wt% of AAFHF and diverse wt% of SiC nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 4 wt% in steps of 1 wt%. The effect of wt% of SiC nanoparticles in hybrid composite over mechanical, morphological, wear, thermal and water absorption characteristics was investigated. The findings help to conclude that a hybrid composite plate with 3 wt% filler content excels in overall properties. Meanwhile, the accumulation and meager scattering of SiC nanoparticles in composite deteriorated the functional characteristics when the wt% of filler content enhanced to 4 wt%. Also, the failure pattern and interaction between AAFHF, SiC nanoparticle and UPR were understood from the images obtained using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the availability of functional groups, crystallite size and crystallinity index was obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for the optimum filler content respectively. Moreover, the achieved results suggest the suitability of the developed composite for marine and lightweight applications.
Microplastic sampling strategies in urban drainage systems for quantification of urban emissions based on transport pathways
Authors: Abusafia Attaallah , Scheid Christian , Meurer Maren , Altmann Korinna , Dittmer Ulrich , Steinmetz Heidrun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTracking waterborne microplastic (MP) in urban areas is a challenging task because of the various sources and transport pathways involved. Since MP occurs in low concentrations in most wastewater and stormwater streams, large sample volumes need to be captured, prepared, and carefully analyzed. The recent research in urban areas focused mainly on MP emissions at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as obvious entry points into receiving waters. However, important transport pathways under wet‐weather conditions are yet not been investigated thoroughly. In addition, the lack of comprehensive and comparable sampling strategies complicated the attempts for a deeper understanding of occurrence and sources. The goal of this paper is to (i) introduce and describe sampling strategies for MP at different locations in a municipal catchment area under dry and wet‐weather conditions, (ii) quantify MP emissions from the entire catchment and two other smaller ones within the bigger catchment, and (iii) compare the emissions under dry and wet‐weather conditions. WWTP has a high removal rate of MP (>96%), with an estimated emission rate of 189 kg/a or 0.94 g/[population equivalents (PEQ · a)], and polyethylene (PE) as the most abundant MP. The specific dry‐weather emissions at a subcatchment were ≈30 g/(PEQ · a) higher than in the influent of WWTP with 23 g/(PEQ · a). Specific wet‐weather emissions from large sub‐catchment with higher traffic and population densities were 1952 g/(ha · a) higher than the emissions from smaller catchment (796 g/[ha · a]) with less population and traffic. The results suggest that wet‐weather transport pathways are likely responsible for 2–4 times more MP emissions into receiving waters compared to dry‐weather ones due to tire abrasion entered from streets through gullies. However, more investigations of wet‐weather MP need to be carried out considering additional catchment attributes and storm event characteristics.
Cosmo‐political landscapes of Torres Straitadhiandmisœristones: Closing the gap between Islander and non‐indigenous perspectives
Authors: Mitchell Rod , Gnielinski Friedrich von , Willsher Josh , Elu McRose , Wright Duncan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTTorres Strait (TS), on Australia's north‐east border, has a long history of research onpœrapœral kulal: powerful stones.Pœrapœral kulalcontain vital power from site‐of‐origin and therefore their movement across the Coral‐Arafura Sea corridor provides important information about past and present human relationships (Elu 2004). With few exceptions Western models draw on anthropological, linguistic and site origin research collated by a Cambridge University field team over 100 years ago, with little detailed reassessment of stone raw material and distribution or geological and archaeological surveys conducted within the intervening period. It is also unclear how TS Islanders engage with this literature, particularly the many communities poorly represented by 19th‐century studies. In this paper, we test several assumptions influencing recent literature from contemporary islander and non‐indigenous perspectives. This includes assessing whether: (a) western scholarship models oversimplify terminology and discussion; (b) early geological assessments of substantive movement of stones is correct; and (c) movement of exotic stones was a common feature across TS. Finally, using detailed cultural, archaeology, geology, and language data sets we reinterpret the regionally‐varying role and antiquity ofpœrapœral kulalwithin this animate cosmo‐political land and seascape.
The relationship between drop vertical jump action‐observation brain activity and kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A cross‐sectional fMRI study
Authors: Kim HoWon , Onate James A. , Criss Cody R. , Simon Janet E. , Mischkowski Dominik , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInjury and reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) result in central nervous system alteration to control the muscles around the knee joint. Most individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) experience kinesiophobia which can prevent them from returning to activity and is associated with negative outcomes after ACLR. However, it is unknown if kinesiophobia alters brain activity after ACL injury.ObjectivesTo compare brain activity between an ACLR group and matched uninjured controls during an action‐observation drop vertical jump (AO‐DVJ) paradigm and to explore the association between kinesiophobia and brain activity in the ACLR group.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 26 individuals, 13 with ACLR (5 males and 8 females, 20.62 ± 1.93 years, 1.71 ± 0.1 m, 68.42 ± 14.75 kg) and 13 matched uninjured controls (5 males and 8 females, 22.92 ± 3.17 years, 1.74 ± 0.10 m, 70.48 ± 15.38 kg). Individuals were matched on sex and activity level. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia‐11 (TSK‐11) to evaluate the level of movement‐related fear. To assay the brain activity associated with a functional movement, the current study employed an action‐observation/motor imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).ResultsThe ACLR group had lower brain activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex relative to the uninjured control group. Brain activity of the left cerebellum Crus I and Crus II, the right cerebellum lobule IX, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus, and temporal pole were positively correlated with TSK‐11 scores in the ACLR group.ConclusionBrain activity for the AO‐DVJ paradigm was different between the ACLR group and uninjured controls. Secondly, in participants with ACLR, there was a positive relationship between TSK‐11 scores and activity in brain areas engaged in fear and cognitive processes during the AO‐DVJ paradigm.
A proposed anatomy syllabus for entry‐level physiotherapists in the United Kingdom: A modified Delphi methodology by physiotherapists who teach anatomy
Authors: Gangata Hope , Porter Stuart , Artz Neil , Major Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ever‐increasing scope of physiotherapy practice is raising questions on what anatomical knowledge and skills ought to be taught within qualifying physiotherapy degree programmes in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of the study was to create core anatomical knowledge and skills learning objectives to inform knowledge and skills for entry‐level physiotherapists in the UK. A two phased modified Delphi methodology created a consensual anatomy curriculum. A Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel of four physiotherapists who teach anatomy proposed Anatomy Learning Objectives (Anat‐LOs) and accompanying clinical rationales relevant for newly qualified entry‐level physiotherapists. A Teacher‐Expert‐Panel of nine physiotherapists who taught anatomy to physiotherapy students in the UK reviewed Anat‐LOs in two consecutive Delphi Rounds, and rated and commented on each Anat‐LO. After each Delphi Round, the Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel reviewed the ratings and comments from the Teacher‐Expert‐Panel and banked Anat‐LOs that passed the 85% acceptance threshold. There were 182 banked Anat‐LOs that spanned all eight areas: Introductory Concepts, Principles and Basic Histology; Head and Neck; Thorax; Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum; Upper Limb; Lower Limb; Spine; and Neuroanatomy regions/systems. The Anat‐LOs develop both anatomical knowledge and key anatomical skills, such as palpation and conducting manual tests on model patients. A first ever core anatomy curriculum for entry‐level physiotherapists has been created for entry‐level physiotherapists, typically Band‐5 NHS physiotherapists, and takes an integrated learning approach. The anatomy curriculum brings clarity to students, teachers, clinical supervisors and future employers on the expected anatomical standards for entry‐level physiotherapists.
Long‐term outcomes of combined intravitreal methotrexate and systemic high‐dose methotrexate therapy in vitreoretinal lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Chieh‐Lung , Yeh Po‐Ting , Fang Wei‐Quan , Ma Wei‐Li , Hou Hsin‐An , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Lin Chang‐Ping , Tien Hwei‐Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe optimal treatment for vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) remains a challenge, as central nervous system (CNS) relapse occurs frequently, leading to the worst impact on survival. We previously proposed combined intravitreal methotrexate and systemic high‐dose methotrexate therapy for this disease. This study aimed to report the long‐term outcomes of patients with VRL using this combination treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with VRL at a tertiary referral center between 2003 and 2018.ResultsThirty‐two patients were included, of whom 23 had primary VRL (PVRL) and nine had concurrent intraocular and CNS diseases. The treatment was well tolerated. Twenty‐six (81.3%) patients achieved complete response (CR). After a median follow‐up time of 103.5 months, the 5‐year survival rate was 73.3%, whereas the 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 29.9%. Twenty‐four (75%) patients relapsed, including 12 with isolated intraocular relapses at first relapse and a total of 17 with CNS/systemic relapses. The development of CNS/systemic relapse negatively affected survival, but intraocular relapse did not. The median CNS/systemic PFS was 69.5 months, but the risk of CNS/systemic relapse increased steadily with a cumulative incidence rate at 2, 5, and 10 years being 22.6%, 44.2%, and 65%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified concurrent CNS disease at diagnosis as the only poor‐risk factor for CNS/systemic relapse.ConclusionsThis study confirms good efficacy and acceptable toxicities of the combination approach. However, incorporation of further intensive consolidation strategies into the treatment protocol to effectively prevent subsequent CNS/systemic relapse deserves to be considered.
C−C Coupling through Nitrogen Deletion: Application to Library Synthesis
Authors: Holovach Serhii , Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Poroshyn Illia , Iminov Rustam T. , Dudenko Dmytro , Kondratov Ivan , Levin Mark , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Oleksandr Grygorenko and his Ukrainian colleagues at Enamine Ltd., Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and ChemSpace, as well as Mark Levin at the University of Chicago. The image depicts application of a nitrogen‐deleting anomeric amide to parallel C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203470.
Feasibility of reactive chromatography for the production of 2‐phenyl ethyl acetate
Authors: Jayant Kapil , Mahajani Sanjay M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReactive chromatography is a novel process intensification option when the progress of a reaction is hampered by reversibility (e.g., esterification and acetalization). In this work, we study its feasibility for the production of 2‐phenyl ethyl acetate (PEAct) by esterification of 2‐phenyl ethyl alcohol with acetic acid using Amberlyst‐15 as a catalyst/adsorbent. The reaction kinetics is investigated in a laboratory batch reactor by varying various parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, feed molar ratio, catalyst loading, and particle size, and a Langmuir Hinshelwood kinetic model is proposed. The reaction is then studied in a fixed‐bed chromatographic reactor (FBCR). Non‐reactive binary adsorption experiments are performed in the same setup to estimate the corresponding parameters of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimentally observed reactive breakthrough curves in FBCR reveal that RC is a promising process option for the production of PEAct. Furthermore, it is shown that the FBCR model, which uses kinetics and isotherms developed in this work, explains the reactive breakthrough curves and the regeneration performance reasonably well. The work reported here forms a base for the design of a simulated moving‐bed reactor that may be used for large‐scale production.
Uncovering the Contributions of Charge Regulation to the Stability of Single Alpha Helices**
Authors: Fossat Martin J. , Posey Ammon E. , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe single alpha helix (SAH) is a recurring motif in biology. The consensus sequence has a di‐block architecture that includes repeats of four consecutive glutamate residues followed by four consecutive lysine residues. Measurements show that the overall helicity of sequences with consensus E4K4 repeats is insensitive to a wide range of pH values. Here, we use the recently introduced q‐canonical ensemble, which allows us to decouple measurements of charge state and conformation, to explain the observed insensitivity of SAH helicity to pH. We couple the outputs from separate measurements of charge and conformation with atomistic simulations to derive residue‐specific quantifications of preferences for being in an alpha helix and for the ionizable residues to be charged vs. uncharged. We find a clear preference for accommodating uncharged Glu residues within internal positions of SAH‐forming sequences. The stabilities of alpha helical conformations increase with the number of E4K4 repeats and so do the numbers of accessible charge states that are compatible with forming conformations of high helical content. There is conformational buffering whereby charge state heterogeneity buffers against large‐scale conformational changes thus making the overall helicity insensitive to large changes in pH. Further, the results clearly argue against a single, rod‐like alpha helical conformation being the only or even dominant conformation in the ensembles of so‐called SAH sequences.
Classification of maxillectomy in edentulous arch defects, algorithm, concept, and proposal classifications: A review
Authors: Alqarni Hatem , Alfaifi Mohammed , Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Almutairi Rania , Kattadiyil Mathew T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesAramany's classification of postsurgical maxillectomy defects was introduced for partially edentulous situations, and has been widely used for education and effective communication among practitioners. Numerous classifications of maxillofacial defects, based on surgical procedure, resultant defects, or prosthodontist's perspective after rehabilitation, exist in the literature. However, no single classification has incorporated all these factors. The purpose of this review was to highlight the classification systems and describe a pragmatic classification series for edentulous maxillary arch defects (maxillectomy) by applying the Aramany classification criteria, to enhance treatment outcomes and communication among practitioners.Material and MethodsAn electronic search of the literature published in English was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar database. Keywords used were “maxillectomy classification” AND “surgical resection,” “maxillectomy classification” AND “complete edentulous.” In addition, a manual search was also performed followed the same criteria in the following journals: Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry and Journal of Prosthodontics.ResultsSeveral classification systems for partial dentition were found in terms of size, location, dentition, and extension of the defect (isolated or communication defects). The findings revealed a variety of maxillectomy defect classifications for partially dentate, considering surgical factors and rehabilitation. However, no study or classification system exist for the edentulous arch defects.ConclusionsDifferent classification systems for maxillectomy defects exist in the literature, only for partially dentate patients. To the authors best knowledge, no classification system for completely edentulous maxillary arch defects have been proposed till date. A simple classification system with clear characteristics for edentulous maxillectomy dental arch defects has been proposed. This classification was modeled after Aramany classification for easier memorization and application.