bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is mid‐gestational uterine artery Doppler still useful in a setting with routine first‐trimester pre‐eclampsia screening? A cohort study
Authors: Meroni Anna , Mascherpa Margaret , Minopoli Monica , Lambton Benjamin , Elkalaawy Rawan , Frick Alexander , Thilaganathan Basky 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether routine mid‐gestational uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) modifies the risk for preterm pre‐eclampsia after first‐trimester combined pre‐eclampsia screening.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLondon Tertiary Hospital.PopulationA cohort of 7793 women with singleton pregnancies, first‐trimester pre‐eclampsia screening using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm and UtAD pulsatility index (PI) assessment at the mid‐gestation ultrasound.MethodsPregnancies were divided into four groups: high risk in both trimesters (H1H2), high risk in the first but not in the second trimester (H1L2), low risk in the first but high risk in the second trimester (L1H2) and low risk in both trimesters (L1L2).Main outcome measuresSmall for gestational age (SGA), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and stillbirth.ResultsIn this cohort, 600 (7.7%) and 620 (7.9%) women were designated as being at high risk in the first and second trimesters, respectively. Preterm pre‐eclampsia was more prevalent in the H1L2 group (4.5%) than in women considered at low risk in the first trimester (0.4%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of preterm pre‐eclampsia in the L1H2 group (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in women considered at high risk in the first trimester (7.0%, p = 0.0076), and was higher than that observed in the L1L2 group (0.2%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of SGA and term HDP followed similar trends.ConclusionsPre‐eclampsia risk after first‐trimester FMF pre‐eclampsia screening may be stratified through mid‐gestational routine UtAD assessment. Pregnancy care should not be de‐escalated for low mid‐gestational UtAD resistance in women classified as being at high risk in the first trimester. The escalation of care may be justified in women at low risk but with high mid‐gestational UtAD resistance.
The role of animal breeding in productivity growth: Evidence from Wisconsin dairy farms
Authors: Hutchins Jared , Gong Yating , Du Xiaodong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the relationship between investments in animal breeding and productivity growth on Wisconsin dairy farms using a control function approach. We incorporate farm‐level annual investment in breeding and genetics into the law of motion of productivity as in De Loecker (2013) to test the relationship between these investments and realized productivity. Our unique dataset also allows us to look at the effect of choosing bulls with high milk yield potential on productivity. Our results indicate that breeding investments made 3 years prior are associated with higher productivity of the current cohort. However, the farms with the highest level of productivity reap the lowest benefits from breeding investments, suggesting that there are diminishing returns to investing in genetics. When milk output is not quality adjusted, the contribution of breeding to productivity is undetectable, suggesting that breeding and investments in milk quality are related. We conclude that investments in breeding and genetics significantly contribute to dairy farm productivity, especially in terms of milk quality.
Comparative analysis of pre‐operative ultrasound and histopathology in small papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of active surveillance
Authors: Fung Yuen Yin , Chung David , Clark Jonathan R. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Palme Carsten E. , Wykes James , Elliott Michael S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundContemporary management of small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) includes active surveillance (AS) as a number of these tumours are indolent. Overseas studies have reported AS in tumours up to 15 mm. This study aims to look at an Australian cohort of patients who have had surgery for non‐incidental PTCs and analyse their pre‐operative ultrasound and histopathology data to investigate potential issues that might arise in the era of AS.MethodsRetrospective review of 82 patients who had surgical removal of PTCs ≤15 mm in diameter. Pre‐operative ultrasound imaging was reviewed by an experienced sonologist and histopathology data was obtained from medical records. The AS risk stratification framework by Brito et al. was used to determine those who were feasible for AS based on ultrasound findings.ResultsReview of pre‐operative ultrasounds demonstrated there were 68 (82.9%) patients who were shown to be either appropriate or ideal for AS. On review of histopathology, 49 (69%) patients had at least one adverse pathological risk factor. This is more than half of the patients that were originally identified as candidates for AS.ConclusionOur study has revealed a large proportion were suitable for AS but when compared with histopathological guidelines there was a high incidence of adverse pathological features found. This discrepancy indicates that although the guidelines are important, there are unknown pathological variables that need to be considered in patients selected for AS.
Queer Global Displacement: Social Reproduction, Refugee Survival, and Organised Abandonment in Nairobi, Cape Town, and Paris
Authors: Bhagat Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQueer refugees are misfits in the global political economy of migration. While international human rights law has provided some room for queer acceptance, queer refugees face organised abandonment—marginality, erasure, and invisibility—as they attempt to survive in the face of ongoing displacement. This paper explores queer refugee survival in Nairobi, Cape Town, and Paris, and examines the netted practices of the state, non‐state actors, and civil society embedded in a landscape of heteronormativity and anti‐migrant sentiment. In so doing, this paper emphasises queerness as a form of precarity inseparable from the overarching violence of race, class, and capital. With this critique in mind, queer refugee survival is constrained by the lack of access to shelter, community, and work‐related social reproduction. In short, queer refugees face deeper marginality than their cis‐gendered and heterosexual counterparts as they attempt to survive in the city.
NICU parents' mental health: A comparative study with parents of term and healthy infants
Authors: Persson Christine , Ericson Jenny , Salari Raziye , Eriksson Mats H. , Flacking Renée 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo compare mental health in parents of preterm/ill infants and parents of term and healthy infants before birth and 1 month after hospital discharge.MethodsA comparative cohort design was used. In total 439 parents from six neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and 484 parents from four maternity units (MUs) in Sweden answered a survey 1 month after discharge.ResultsParents in neonatal units experienced significantly more psychologically traumatic births and rated their health and the health of their infants less favourably the first week after delivery than parents in MUs. In the neonatal units, both parents had better possibilities to stay together with the infant during hospital stay. There was no difference between the NICU and MU groups in postpartum depressive symptoms 1 month after discharge. Experiencing a traumatic birth was not related to an increased risk of perinatal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥13) for mothers in NICUs. In contrast, the risk of depression increased for mothers in MUs.ConclusionFamily togetherness, parent–infant closeness and emotional support at NICUs may contribute to the positive outcome. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term effects of how family togetherness and closeness influence families long term.
First evidence of the production of Ginalski E5 button spurs from copper alloy in Central Europe
Authors: Jílek Jan , Kaňáková Ludmila , Rybářová Klára , Nosek Vojtěch , Zeman Tomáš , Krejčí Petra , Kmošek Jiří , Kučera Lukáš 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGinalski‐type E5 button spurs made from a Cu alloy are a characteristic attribute of the Middle Roman period in barbarian Europe. The find of part of a mould made of non‐ferrous metal at the Luleč site in the district of Vyškov, Czech Republic, provided key evidence for explaining the issue of their production. The discovery of this unique artefact showed that based on current knowledge, the spurs made from a Cu alloy were also produced in the Middle Danube region and not only in Northeast Europe as had previously been thought.
Effect of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes on atomoxetine serum levels: A study based on therapeutic drug monitoring data
Authors: Smith Robert Løvsletten , Molden Espen , Bernard Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2023

AimsAtomoxetine is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6 while CYP2C19 plays a secondary role. It is known that patients carrying genotypes encoding decreased/absent CYP2D6 metabolism obtain higher atomoxetine concentrations and are at increased risk of adverse effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the added effects of reduced‐function CYP2C19 genotype on atomoxetine concentrations in real‐world settings.MethodsSerum atomoxetine concentrations and CYP2D6/2C19 genotypes were included from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. Patients were first subgrouped according to CYP2D6 encoding normal, reduced or absent CYP2D6 metabolism, referred to as normal (NM), intermediate (IM) or poor metabolizers (PM). Then, the effect of reduced‐function CYP2C19 genotypes was investigated. Genotyping of the CYP2D6 nonfunctional or reduced variant alleles comprised CYP2D6*3‐*6, *9‐*10 and *41. For CYP2C19, the CYP2C19*2 was analysed to define metabolizer phenotype. Dose‐adjusted serum atomoxetine concentration was the exposure measure.ResultsUsing a patient cohort (n = 315), it was found that CYP2D6 IM and PM patients had 1.9‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.4–2.7) and 9.6‐fold (5.9–16) higher exposure of atomoxetine compared with CYP2D6 NMs. CYP2C19*2 carriers had 1.5‐fold (1.1–2.2) higher atomoxetine exposure than noncarriers regardless of CYP2D6 genotype.ConclusionCYP2D6 genotype has a great impact on atomoxetine exposure, where our real‐world data suggest atomoxetine dose requirements to be around half and 1/10 in CYP2D6 IM and PM vs. NM patients, respectively. When adding CYP2C19 genotype as a factor of relevance for personalized atomoxetine dosing, CYP2C19*2 carriers should further reduce the dose by a third. These findings suggest that pre‐emptive CYP2D6/CYP2C19 genotyping should be performed to individualize atomoxetine dosing and prevent adverse effects.
Causal Mediation Analysis Using High-Dimensional Image Mediator Bounded in Irregular Domain with an Application to Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Shu , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mammography is the primary breast cancer screening strategy. Recent methods have been developed using the mammogram image to improve breast cancer risk prediction. However, it is unclear on the extent to which the effect of risk factors on breast cancer risk is mediated through tissue features summarized in mammogram images and the extent to which it is through other pathways. While mediation analysis has been conducted using mammographic density (a summary measure within the image), the mammogram image is not necessarily well described by a single summary measure and, in addition, such a measure provides no spatial information about the relationship between the exposure risk factor and the risk of breast cancer. Thus, to better understand the role of the mammogram images that provide spatial information about the state of the breast tissue that is causally predictive of the future occurrence of breast cancer, we propose a novel method of causal mediation analysis using mammogram image mediator while accommodating the irregular shape of the breast. We apply the proposed method to data from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort and leverage new insights on the decomposition of the total association between risk factor and breast cancer risk that was mediated by the texture of the underlying breast tissue summarized in the mammogram image.
Abundance and composition of forest‐dwelling anurans in cashew plantations in a tropical semi‐evergreen forest landscape
Authors: Komanduri Krishna Pavan Kumar , Sreedharan Gayathri , Vasudevan Karthikeyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlantation crops in tropical human‐modified landscapes provide alternative habitats to biodiversity outside protected areas. The Western Ghats of India are home to a mosaic of closely spaced habitats, including forests and agroecosystems. Cashew is a widely grown plantation crop in the northern Western Ghats and is known to provide economic and societal benefits. However, its role as a supplementary habitat for anurans is not well understood. We assessed the factors that influence understorey anuran composition and abundance in cashew plantations, forest edges, and forest interiors in Tillari Conservation Reserve, Maharashtra. Species composition of cashew plantations differed significantly from forests and was positively influenced by understorey and canopy cover. Cashew plantations had a near equal abundance of anurans as that of forest edges and interiors, which could be due to the preponderance of habitat generalists. Understorey positively influenced anuran abundance while ambient temperature had a negative influence. Reduced understorey and low canopy cover represent habitat modifications that occur in cashew plantations. Such structural changes could lead to reduced environmental refuges for anurans, thereby exposing them to large variations in temperature and moisture. Cashew plantations in Tillari Conservation Reserve serve as supplementary habitats for anurans. That said, cashew cultivation practices and markets must be understood before biodiversity‐friendly plantation practices are proposed.
Anterior gradient‐2 regulates cell communication by coordinating cytokine–chemokine signaling and immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Liu Qin , Wei Yimei , Xiong Yu , Gu Yan , Huang Ya , Tang Fuzhou , Ouyang Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnterior gradient‐2 (AGR2) is crucial to breast cancer progression. However, its role in the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear. RNA sequencing expression profiles and associated clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. The AGR2 expression patterns were verified using clinical samples of breast cancer. Based on single‐cell transcriptomic data, AGR2 expression patterns were identified and cell communication analysis was carried out. Furthermore, the roles of AGR2 in breast tumor progression were explored by a series of functional experiments. We found that DNA methylation was an important mechanism for regulating the expression patterns of AGR2. Patients with AGR2 low expression displayed an immune “hot” and immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by high abundance of tumor immune cell infiltration and increased enrichment scores for transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways, whereas patients with AGR2 high expression showed an opposite immunologic feature with a lack of immune cell infiltration, suggestive of an immune “cold” and desert phenotype. Moreover, single‐cell analysis further revealed that AGR2 in malignant cells alters cell–cell interactions by coordinating cytokine–chemokine signaling and immune infiltration. Notably, two immunotherapy cohorts revealed that AGR2‐coexpressed genes could serve as prognostic indicators of patient survival. In conclusion, AGR2 could promote breast cancer progression by affecting the tumor immune microenvironment. Patients with AGR2 low expression could be suitable for combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor agents and TGF‐β blockers. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for developing a strategy for personalized immunotherapy to patients with breast cancer.
Caregiver speech predicts the emergence of children's emotion vocabulary
Authors: Nencheva Mira L. , Tamir Diana I. , Lew‐Williams Casey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLearning about emotions is an important part of children's social and communicative development. How does children's emotion‐related vocabulary emerge over development? How may emotion‐related information in caregiver input support learning of emotion labels and other emotion‐related words? This investigation examined language production and input among English‐speaking toddlers (16–30 months) using two datasets: Wordbank (N = 5520; 36% female, 38% male, and 26% unknown gender; 1% Asian, 4% Black, 2% Hispanic, 40% White, 2% others, and 50% unknown ethnicity; collected in North America; dates of data collection unknown) and Child Language Data Exchange System (N = 587; 46% female, 44% male, 9% unknown gender, all unknown ethnicity; collected in North America and the UK; data collection dates, were available between 1962 and 2009). First, we show that toddlers develop the vocabulary to express increasingly wide ranges of emotional information during the first 2 years of life. Computational measures of word valence showed that emotion labels are embedded in a rich network of words with related valence. Second, we show that caregivers leverage these semantic connections in ways that may scaffold children's learning of emotion and mental state labels. This research suggests that young children use the dynamics of language input to construct emotion word meanings, and provides new techniques for defining the quality of infant‐directed speech.
A small change approach on adiposity, lean mass and bone mineral density in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Walc Azalea , Latimer‐Cheung Amy E. , Day Andrew G. , Brennan Andrea M. , Hill James O. , Ross Robert 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWe sought to determine whether small changes in physical activity and diet could prevent adverse changes in body composition over 2 years in adults with overweight and obesity. Previously inactive adults (N = 289) were included in a secondary analysis of data derived from a 3‐year, single‐centre, two‐arm, longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to a small change approach (N = 144, body mass index: 32.4 ± 4.2 [mean ± standard deviation], age: 52.3 ±. 10.6 years) or usual care (N = 145, body mass index: 32.4 ± 4.2, age: 53.1 ± 10.6 years). Small change approach participants were counselled to make small changes in diet and physical activity, while usual care participants were asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. Adiposity, lean mass and bone mineral density were measured by dual‐x‐ray absorptiometry. The change in total adiposity was significantly greater in the small change approach group than usual care at 6 and 12 months but did not remain significant at 24 months (mean change [standard error] −0.8 [0.4] vs. −0.7 [0.4] kg; difference 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.2 to 1.1). Changes in visceral fat were significantly greater in the small change approach than usual care at 6 and 12 months but did not remain significant at 24 months (−0.04 [0.03] vs. 0.02 [0.03] kg; difference 0.06, 95% CI: −1.5 to 0.3). Changes in lean mass or bone mineral density were not significantly different between groups at any time point (all p > 0.1). The small change approach did not prevent gains in adiposity or losses in lean mass compared to usual care at 2 years in adults with overweight or obesity. No difference from baseline in adiposity, lean mass or bone mineral density was observed in either arm of the trial.
Age differences of patients treated with wearable cardioverter defibrillator: Data from a multicentre registry
Authors: El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Tenbrink David , Kovacs Boldizsar , Dreher Tobias C. , Blockhaus Christian , Klein Norbert , Shin Dong‐In , Hijazi Mido , Rosenkaimer Stephanie , Beiert Thomas , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Saguner Ardan Muammer , Kowitz Jacqueline , Erath Julia W. , Duru Firat , Mügge Andreas , Aweimer Assem , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are used as a ‘bridging’ technology in patients, who are temporarily at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Several factors should be taken into consideration, for example patient selection, compliance and optimal drug treatment, when WCD is prescribed. We aimed to present real‐world data from seven centres from Germany and Switzerland according to age differences regarding the outcome, prognosis, WCD data and compliance.Materials and MethodsBetween 04/2012 and 03/2021, 1105 patients were included in this registry. Outcome data according to age differences (old ≥45 years compared to young <45 years) were analysed. At young age, WCDs were more often prescribed due to congenital heart disease and myocarditis. On the other hand, ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) was more present in older patients. Wear days of WCD were similar between both groups (p = .115). In addition, during the WCD use, documented arrhythmic life‐threatening events were comparable [sustained ventricular tachycardia: 5.8% vs. 7.7%, ventricular fibrillation (VF) .5% vs. .6%] and consequently the rate of appropriate shocks was similar between both groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction improvement was documented over follow‐up with a better improvement in younger patients as compared to older patients (77% vs. 63%, p = .002). In addition, at baseline, the rate of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in the older age group (23% vs. 8%; p = .001). The rate of permanent cardiac implantable electronic device implantation (CiED) was lower in the younger group (25% vs. 36%, p = .05). The compliance rate defined as wearing WCD at least 20 h per day was significantly lower in young patients compared to old patients (68.9% vs. 80.9%, p < .001). During the follow‐up, no significant difference regarding all‐cause mortality or arrhythmic death was documented in both groups. A low compliance rate of wearing WCD is predicted by young patients and patients suffering from non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathies.ConclusionAlthough the compliance rate in different age groups is high, the average wear hours tended to be lower in young patients compared to older patients. The clinical events were similar in younger patients compared to older patients.