bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible effects of the MC4RAsp298Asn polymorphism on pig production traits under ad libitum versus restricted feeding
Authors: Calta Jan , Zadinová Kateřina , Čítek Jaroslav , Kluzáková Eva , Okrouhlá Monika , Stupka Roman , Tichý Ladislav , Machová Karolína , Stratil Antonín , Vostrý Luboš 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe missense mutation Asp298Asn in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is associated with daily gain or fatness in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has directly compared the effects of the polymorphism between different feeding levels, even though diet plays a vital role in the swine industry. To explore possible differences, data from 439 mostly commercial hybrids fattened ad libitum and 119 commercial hybrids fattened with restricted feed ration were collected. The recorded traits were average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight (CW), dressing percentage (DP), lean meat content (LM), backfat thickness (BFT), lean cuts weight, and meat quality parameters such as pH, temperature, drip loss, and CIELAB colour space. The general linear model revealed that the overall effect of MC4R was not statistically significant, but significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in ADG, FCR, CW, DP, LM, and BFT. In the ad libitum category, the AA genotype (298Asn/298Asn) tended to be the most favourable for growth‐related traits, with the lowest LM, which is consistent with previous findings. In the restricted category, on the other hand, GA heterozygotes (298Asp/298Asn) achieved the best performance in terms of growth, whereas AA homozygotes showed the worst performance. Therefore, these results raise the possibility of an interaction between MC4R and the feeding level.
Multiple‐trait and structural equation modelling approaches to infer genetic relationships between tail length and weight traits in Merinoland sheep
Authors: Oberpenning Jennifer , Bohlouli Mehdi , Engel Petra , Hümmelchen Hannah , Wagner Henrik , Wehrend Axel , König Sven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTail docking is routinely conducted in long‐tailed sheep breeds to prevent flystrike infections, but it is not in agreement with legal guidelines and animal welfare issues. Selection on short tails is a sustainable alternative in this regard, but side effects on other breeding goal traits are unclear. In consequence, the present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for tail length (TL) at birth, birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and postweaning weight (PWW) at the slaughtering date considering single‐trait (STM), multiple‐trait (MTM) and structural equation models (SEM) with different random effects, and accordingly, different covariance structures. The SEM considered time‐lagged recursive relationships among response variables in three different pathways. The first path pertained to the effect of TL on WW and of WW on PWW. The second path reflected the effect of BW on WW and of WW on PWW. The third path was the recursive effect of TL on PWW. The phenotypic data consisted of 2803 records for TL, 13,042 records for BW, 1556 records for WW and 3986 records for PWW from Merinoland lambs. Lambs were born in the period from 1995 to 2021 and kept at the university Gießen research station, Germany, with their naturally long tails. Genetic statistical model evaluation based on Bayesian and Akaike's information criteria suggested models simultaneously considering direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects and respective covariances. For statistical models including the same random effects and covariance structures, SEM were superior over MTM. The direct heritability for TL from the best‐fitting STM was 0.60 ± 0.08, indicating the potential for genetic reduction of tail length within a few generations. For growth traits, the direct heritabilities ranged from 0.16 ± 0.03 for BW to 0.31 ± 0.09 for PWW. The maternal heritabilities were 0.03 ± 0.03 for TL, 0.12 ± 0.02 for BW, 0.04 ± 0.03 for WW and 0.07 ± 0.03 for PWW, reflecting small, but the non‐significant influence of uterine characteristics on the tail development. The direct genetic correlations between TL and all weight traits were positive and very similar to MTM and SEM but reflected antagonistic genetic relationships from a breeding perspective. Oppositely, the structural equation coefficients reflecting trait associations phenotypically were negative (favourable) for the time‐lagged effects of TL on WW and on PWW. As an explanation, lambs with long and woolly tails have an increased risk for contamination with dirt and dust causing infections, which in turn impairs the body weight development. In conclusion, breeding on short tails should consider trait‐associated environmental risk factors, for example, disease susceptibility, which can be mimicked via SEM approaches.
Clinical evaluation and patient related outcomes of one‐ and two‐piece zirconia implants at five years of loading: A case series study
Authors: Sala Leticia , Zufía Juan , Blasi Gonzalo , Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Ana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the survival and biological and mechanical complications of one‐piece and two‐piece zirconia implants at five years of loading.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients receiving zirconia implants were studied, collecting data at five years of loading on their clinical history, peri‐implant health status, mechanical complications, esthetic results, and patient related outcomes.ResultsThe study included 18 patients with 29 implants. The survival rate was 86% in implant‐based analysis and 78% in patient‐based analysis. There were no cases of peri‐implantitis, but mucositis was present in 53% of implants. A mean of 4.1 ± 0.81 mm was obtained for probing depth and 1.6 ± 0.9 mm for crestal bone loss (radiographic assessment). There were no implant fractures. Major (10%) and minor (10%) prosthesis complications were observed. The esthetic outcome was moderate to almost perfect, with a high level of patient satisfaction. No significant association was found between survival rate and the presence of mucositis around one‐ or two‐piece implants or any other study variable.ConclusionsThe survival rate is low for one‐ and two‐piece zirconia implants. Both types of implants demonstrated a low mechanical complication rate. The incidence of periimplantitis is low but mucositis is present in 50%. Patient satisfaction related to esthetics and function is moderate to high. They represent a good option for patients requiring an alternative to titanium implants.Clinical RelevanceZirconia implants appear to be an alternative to the titanium option and may be indicated for patients requiring “metal‐free” restorations.
How the Guatemalan civil war became a genocide: Revisiting the 2013 trial of General Efraín Ríos Montt
Authors: Stoll David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 2013 trial of Efraín Ríos Montt cemented Guatemala's reputation as a land of genocide. Most of the survivors who testified about army crimes during his 1982–1983 regime came from the Ixil Maya town of Nebaj. Oddly, some Nebajenses credit Ríos Montt with ending army massacres and saving their lives. This article focuses on the genocide debate in the municipio of Nebaj. It concludes that command responsibility for war crimes would have been a more effective indictment than genocide.
Monetary Policy, Neutrality, and the Environment
Authors: FARIA JOAO R. , MCADAM PETER , VISCOLANI BRUNO 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the interaction between monetary/fiscal policies in a Ramsey–Sidrauski model augmented with the “Green Golden Rule.” We demonstrate conditions whereby monetary and fiscal policy under different utility and preference assumptions are or are not environmentally neutral. Despite its nonseparability in utility, we demonstrate that money is environmentally neutral. Policy impacts the environment via the marginal rate of transformation rather than the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and environment. Fiscal policies under a balanced budget are environmentally nonneutral. Only under a nonbalanced budget, when deficits are monetized, is money environmentally nonneutral. Under cash‐in‐advance and transactions costs, money is environmentally nonneutral.
The advanced nurse practitioner in context: Systemic processes
Authors: Thompson Wayne , Mcnamara Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare systems are becoming increasingly complex. Systems thinking can help us to understand this complexity and how to apply that understanding to design and evaluate interventions that improve health outcomes. With the current emphasis on developing advanced nursing practice, it is timely to examine systemic processes that characterize ANP systems and their interactions with wider healthcare systems, and how these processes enable and constrain the role.ObjectiveTo make explicit the systemic processes that characterize the Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANP) system and how they enable and constrain the role.DesignAn interpretive descriptive study.SettingThe study was conducted in a large Hospital Group, consisting of eleven acute hospitals, within the Irish Healthcare System.ParticipantsTwenty nine participants, including ANPs, nurses, nurse managers, medics and allied health professionals, participated in the study.MethodsData were collected through seven in‐depth interviews and four focus groups. Data were analyzed using the Organic Systems Framework (OSF), where attention was on language indicative of the processes of individuation, integration, differentiation and homogenization.ResultsParticipants emphasize how ANP systems exert power by individuating and differentiating; however, restrictive regulations and medical control constrain this power. Integration and homogenization are expressed as ANPs encourage and engage in collaborative practice towards common purposes. When hierarchical structures and professional self‐interest dominate, however, these processes are submerged, resulting in unbalanced systems.ConclusionANP systems realize their power through increased autonomy by individuating and differentiating. Hierarchical structures positioning ANPs in subservient roles should be challenged. Processes of integration and homogenization are expressed in collaborative practices. We recommend that ANPs realize and articulate the value and diversity that they bring to health systems to strengthen their contribution to them.Clinical RelevanceLack of awareness of the systemic processes that enable and constrain the ANP role affects the role's potential contribution to the healthcare system. Systems thinking and employing the OSF as an analysis framework can help us to understand these processes and their implications, and how to apply that understanding to design and evaluate interventions that improve health outcomes.
Intravertebral vs. intervertebral integration and modularity in the vertebral column of mammalian carnivorans
Authors: Figueirido Borja , Pérez‐Ramos Alejandro , Martín‐Serra Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe vertebral column is a multicomponent structure whose organization results from developmental and functional demands. According to their distinct somitic origins, individual vertebrae exhibit intravertebral modularity between the centrum and neural spine. However, vertebrae are also organized into larger units called intervertebral modules that result from integration between adjacent vertebrae due to locomotory demands or from common developmental origins due to resegmentation. A previous hypothesis suggested that the boundaries of intervertebral modules coincide with changes in the patterns of intravertebral integration. Here, we explicitly test whether the patterns of modularity and integration between the centrum and neural spine (i.e., intravertebral) in the boundary vertebrae among previously defined intervertebral modules change with respect to those in the vertebrae within intervertebral modules. We quantified intravertebral modularity patterns and quantified the strength of intravertebral integration for each vertebra of the presacral region in 41 species of carnivoran mammals using 3D geometric morphometrics. Our results demonstrate a significant intravertebral modular signal between the centrum and neural spine in all post‐cervical vertebrae, including the boundary vertebrae among intervertebral modules. However, the strength of intravertebral integration decreases at the boundary vertebrae. We also found a significant correlation between the degree of intravertebral integration and intervertebral integration. Following our results, we hypothesize that natural selection does not override the integration between the centrum and neural spine at the boundary vertebrae, a pattern that should be influenced by their distinct somitic origins and separate ossification centers during early development. However, natural selection has probably influenced (albeit indirectly) the integration between the centrum and neural spine in the vertebrae that compose the intervertebral modules.
Increasing incidence of Trichophyton tonsurans in Munich—A single‐centre observation
Authors: Pilz Julia Felicitas , Köberle Martin , Kain Alphina , Seidl Peter , Zink Alexander , Biedermann Tilo , Pilz Anna Caroline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTinea capitis and tinea corporis are highly prevalent fungal skin infections, which globally are mainly caused by Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum, respectively. While in the United States and Great Britain Trichophyton tonsurans is widely prevalent as a causative pathogen, it so far only plays a minor role in Germany.ObjectivesSince the frequency of pathogenic species varies regionally and temporally, this study assesses the proportion of Trichophyton tonsurans infections in the dermatology department of a large university hospital in Germany from 2019 to 2022 and thoroughly characterises the affected patient population.Patients/MethodsThis retrospective study at the Technical University of Munich analyses mycological culture results regarding the identified dermatophyte and infection site. Detailed patient and disease‐related information on Trichophyton tonsurans positive patients was obtained.ResultsIn 2022, 23 patients of 111 dermatophyte culture‐positive patients tested positive for Trichophyton tonsurans. This accounted for 20.7% and represented a tenfold increase from 2.1% in 2019. Contact sports were only practiced by 21.7% of patients, and no common hotspot or other linkage could be identified between the cases. Additionally, 47.8% of the patients received a systemic treatment, with 30.4% visiting the clinic more than three times. In 2022, 21.7% were diagnosed with a simultaneous infection of the capillitium and body, whereas this was only observed in 7.1% of cases in 2019 to 2021.ConclusionsThis study suggests an increase of Trichophyton tonsurans infections via several routes of transmission.
Organizational support and Nurse–Physician collaboration during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Zeb Hussan , Inayat Shahzad , Younas Ahtisham 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHealth care professionals experienced multiple uncertainties during the pandemic. Exploring health care professionals' views about collaboration and organizational support can offer insights into organizational processes and issues during the pandemic. This research explored the perspectives of nurses and physicians about organizational support and nurse–physician collaboration during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Using a qualitative descriptive design, interviews were conducted with nurses and physicians working in hospital settings. The interviews lasted for 24–61 min. Reflexive thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Nurses and physicians were disappointed with the organizational support, but they were satisfied with nurse‐physician collaboration. The theme “Management Abusing Authority and Blaming the Victimized Workforce” included organizational nepotism, unethical managerial actions, and neglecting frontline workforce. Nurses and physicians supported each other in tackling the intensive and complex demands of the pandemic. The theme “Demonstrating Professional Humility and Overcoming Patient Care Issues at Hand” entailed subthemes ‐ negotiating conflicts and prioritizing patient care, practicing kindness, and jointly managing conflicts with patients' families. Nurses and physicians reported frustrations with limited organizational support and abusive practices of managers. Still, they prioritized patient care needs and family‐related conflicts over interprofessional tensions.
Risks, possibilities, and social relations in the computerisation of Swedish university administration
Authors: Regin David Ö. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis mixed methods case study discusses how the introduction of new technology changed the work of departmental administrators at a Swedish university, drawing on Cockburn's theories on gender and technology, viewing organisations as fields of contestation. This paper argues that jobs seem more fragmented with less discretion, as a result of computerisation. However, time saved by a new division of labour enabled by digitalisation has increased the possibilities for specialisation and job crafting. This new division of labour also led to increased tensions between academics, administrators and management. As the risks and possibilities connected to computerisation are matters of social relations, as much as being governed by technology, this paper adds to the debates on work and technology by exploring the complexity of social relations at work place level experienced by this overlooked group at the periphery of the managerial and academic power centres in academia.
Change in prevalence over time and factors associated with depression among Bangladeshi older adults during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mistry Sabuj K. , Ali ARM Mehrab , Yadav Uday N. , Huda Md. Nazmul , Khanam Fouzia , Kundu Satyajit , Khan Jahidur R. , Hossain Md. Belal , Anwar Afsana , Ghimire Saruna 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundGlobally, the COVID‐19 pandemic seriously affected both physical and mental health conditions. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of depression among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh and explore the correlates of depression in pooled data.MethodsThis study followed a repeated cross‐sectional design and was conducted through telephone interviews on two successive occasions during the COVID‐19 pandemic (October 2020 and September 2021) among 2077 (1032 in 2020‐survey and 1045 in 2021‐survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Depression was measured using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with depression in pooled data.ResultsA significant increase in the prevalence of depression was noted in the 2021 survey compared to the 2020 survey (47.2% versus 40.3%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.75). Depression was significantly higher among participants without a partner (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.45–2.53), with a monthly family income of <5000 BDT (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI 1.82–3.86) or 5000–10 000 BDT (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.65), living alone (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.40–3.61), feeling isolated (aOR 3.15, 95% CI 2.49–3.98), with poor memory/concentration (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.58–2.57), with non‐communicable chronic conditions (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.69), overwhelmed by COVID‐19 (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18–2.00), having difficulty earning (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15–1.92) or obtaining food (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17–2.09) during COVID‐19 pandemic, communicating less frequently (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07–1.70) and needing extra care (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.75–2.96) during the pandemic.ConclusionsPolicymakers and public health practitioners should provide immediate mental health support initiatives for this vulnerable population during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond. Policymakers should also invest in creating safe places to practise mindful eating, exercise, or other refuelling activities as a means of preventing and managing depression.
Designing ‘optimal’ sanctions on Russian imports
Authors: Schropp Simon , Tsigas Marinos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRestricting Russian imports is an important instrument in Allies' sanction toolbox. Rather than arbitrarily choosing the set of targeted imported products and the level of import tariff increases (as is typically done in the literature), we follow the recent contributions on ‘optimal sanction’ strategies. We apply a workhorse computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, GTAP, in a way that enables us to endogenise the scope of sectors targeted, the magnitude of tariff increases and the disbursement of tariff revenues. This allows us to identify sets of Allied import restrictions that best achieve the Allies' objectives of inflicting the highest economic pain on Russia while at the same time keeping self‐harm to Allies as low and as equitably distributed as possible. With regard to scope, we find that, instead of targeting Russian imports across the board, the Allies fare better when limiting their import sanctions to products from the eight most‐imported Russian sectors. Regarding optimal tariff levels, we find that, rather than imposing all‐out import bans, tariff increases in the range of 20–25 percentage points best achieve the Allies' objectives. Finally, the Allied coalition could benefit from a burden‐sharing arrangement in which proceeds generated from the additional tariff rents are redistributed among Allies, and other cash transfers are allowed for. Doing so would result in a more equitable distribution of economic losses among Allied countries—at hardly any additional ‘cost’ to the coalition (in terms of extra losses to Allies or reduced losses to Russia). Such arrangement could significantly strengthen cohesion, resilience, and longevity of the Allied coalition, and thus ought to become a component of an optimal sanction strategy. As an alternative to redistributing tariff rents among coalition countries, Allies could consider using those funds towards supporting Ukraine directly. Doing so would involve a small sacrifice by Allies and would scarcely compromise the effectiveness of Allied sanctions. However, it could greatly help mitigating the human catastrophe unfolding in and around Ukraine.
Normal states are determined by their facial distances II
Authors: Chen Yuzhang , Ng Chi‐Keung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet be a von Neumann algebra with separable predual. For a normal semi‐finite weight on , denote by the von Neumann subalgebra generated by
Let be the center of , and be the set of normal semi‐finite weights on . When has no type part (but could have a non‐trivial type part), for every faithful weights with being strictly semi‐finite, if , then there is a positive self‐adjoint operator affiliated with such that . This does not hold for the hyper‐finite type factor. When has no type part, we verify that for strictly semi‐finite weights with and , one has . This is not true for the hyper‐finite type factor. Denote by the subset of consisting of weights with being semi‐finite. When is the direct sum of a semi‐finite algebra and a type algebra, we show that for , if and , then . This fails for any type factor when . Using the above, we establish that when has no type part, the distances of a normal state on to closed faces of the normal state space of uniquely determine this state.