bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Unfolded Cellular Proteins Using Nanochannel Arrays with Probe‐Functionalized Outer Surfaces
Authors: Qiao Yujuan , Hu Jing‐Jing , Hu Yuxin , Duan Chong , Jiang Wenlian , Ma Qun , Hong Yuning , Huang Wei Hua , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanochannel technology has emerged as a powerful tool for label‐free and highly sensitive detection of protein folding/unfolding status. However, utilizing the inner walls of a nanochannel array may cause multiple events even for proteins with the same conformation, posing challenges for accurate identification. Herein, we present a platform to detect unfolded proteins through electrical and optical signals using nanochannel arrays with outer‐surface probes. The detection principle relies on the specific binding between the maleimide groups in outer‐surface probes and the protein cysteine thiols that induce changes in the ionic current and fluorescence intensity responses of the nanochannel array. By taking advantage of this mechanism, the platform has the ability to differentiate folded and unfolded state of proteins based on the exposure of a single cysteine thiol group. The integration of these two signals enhances the reliability and sensitivity of the identification of unfolded protein states and enables the distinction between normal cells and Huntington's disease mutant cells. This study provides an effective approach for the precise analysis of proteins with distinct conformations and holds promise for facilitating the diagnoses of protein conformation‐related diseases.
Recycling of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) blends with high amounts of secondary raw material
Authors: Koca Nazan , Aversa Clizia , Barletta Massimiliano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, the mechanical recycling of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS)‐based formulations with additives was investigated. A simulation of mechanical recycling was performed using secondary raw materials in the analyzed formulations (at very high levels >30%). The recycling process was simulated by repeating extrusion cycles on the compound to produce aging under accelerated conditions, similar to those that normally occur during the extrusion compounding of the bioplastic material. The formulations were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), heat deflection temperature (HDT), melt flow rate (MFR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The aim of the work was to study the efficiency of a multi‐epoxy chain extender in mechanical recycling of PLA/PBS blends. The results showed that the use of secondary raw materials did not cause drastic changes in the thermal properties and chemical composition of the blends, which indicates that they are suitable for manufacturing bioplastic blends. Specifically, MFR results showed a major efficiency of the chain extender in samples having PLA as primary polymeric phase, whereas no change was observed in formulations where PBS is the main phase with the addition of a higher amount of chain extender.
The need for unique international legal protection of pond habitats
Authors: Stanković Vera , Marković Aleksandra , Pantović Jovana , Mesaroš Gabor , Batrićević Ana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Ponds, the most numerous freshwater habitats globally, are becoming increasingly recognized as being important for rare, endemic and endangered species, owing to the high levels of biodiversity they support and their role in ecosystem services. However, they remain largely overlooked and widely excluded from policies that might protect them. Even though their size and permanence are highly important for their legal protection, these two characteristics are not precisely and universally defined in theory and in international legal documents.
International legislative frameworks do not seem to provide global, comprehensive, or detailed protection of ponds as significant and widespread habitats. On the contrary, they safeguard only fragmentary small water bodies – either by protecting certain types or only those that are parts of larger protected areas. Also, pondscapes are not specifically recognized as forms in need of legal protection.
In this paper, the complexity of the legal protection of ponds is presented, followed by recommendations. These should be transformed into legal norms, and given their number and complexity be presented within a single, unique convention that would specifically address the protection of ponds globally. This type of protection would be the most effective legal tool.
Do you see what I see? Measuring the semantic differences in image‐recognition services' outputs
Authors: Berg Anton , Nelimarkka Matti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs scholars increasingly undertake large‐scale analysis of visual materials, advanced computational tools show promise for informing that process. One technique in the toolbox is image recognition, made readily accessible via Google Vision AI, Microsoft Azure Computer Vision, and Amazon's Rekognition service. However, concerns about such issues as bias factors and low reliability have led to warnings against research employing it. A systematic study of cross‐service label agreement concretized such issues: using eight datasets, spanning professionally produced and user‐generated images, the work showed that image‐recognition services disagree on the most suitable labels for images. Beyond supporting caveats expressed in prior literature, the report articulates two mitigation strategies, both involving the use of multiple image‐recognition services: Highly explorative research could include all the labels, accepting noisier but less restrictive analysis output. Alternatively, scholars may employ word‐embedding‐based approaches to identify concepts that are similar enough for their purposes, then focus on those labels filtered in.
Disturbance of skin sensation and autism spectrum disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhong Xiao , Wang Letong , Xu Lin , Lian Jie , Chen Jie , Gong Xinxin , Shao Yongcong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimPatients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly experience aberrant skin sensation sensitivity; however, the causal relationship is not yet clear. This study uses a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the relationship between disturbance of skin sensation (DSS) and ASD.MethodsSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from the summary data of genome‐wide association studies were used as genetic instruments. MR was performed using the inverse‐variance‐weighted method, with alternate methods (e.g., weighted median, MR‐Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) and multiple sensitivity analyses to assess horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers.ResultsThe results of the analysis using six SNPs as genetic instruments showed that the DSS is associated with an increased risk of ASD (odds ratio = 1.126, 95% confidence interval = 1.029–1.132; p = .010). The results of the sensitivity analyses were robust with no evidence of pleiotropy. The reverse MR analyses showed no causal effects of ASD on DSS.ConclusionThis study's findings suggest that DSS has potential causal effects on ASD, whereas ASD has no effect on DSS. Thus, skin sensitivity may represent a behavioral marker of ASD, by which some populations could be subtyped in the future.
Novel metal peroxide nanoboxes restrain Clostridioides difficile infection beyond the bactericidal and sporicidal activity
Authors: Yang Li‐Xing , Lai Yi‐Hsin , Cheung Chun In , Ye Zhi , Huang Tzu‐Chi , Wang Yu‐Chin , Chin Yu‐Cheng , Chia Zi‐Chun , Chen Ya‐Jyun , Li Meng‐Jia , Tseng Hsiu‐Ying , Tsai Yi‐Tseng , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Chen Kuan‐Hsu , Tsai Bo‐Yang , Shieh Dar‐Bin , Lee Nan‐Yao , Tsai Pei‐Jane , Huang Chih‐Chia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClostridioides difficile spores are considered as the major source responsible for the development of C. difficile infection (CDI), which is associated with an increased risk of death in patients and has become an important issue in infection control of nosocomial infections. Current treatment against CDI still relies on antibiotics, which also damage normal flora and increase the risk of CDI recurrence. Therefore, alternative therapies that are more effective against C. difficile bacteria and spores are urgently needed. Here, we designed an oxidation process using H2O2 containing PBS solution to generate Cl− and peroxide molecules that further process Ag and Au ions to form nanoboxes with Ag–Au peroxide coat covering Au shell and AgCl core (AgAu‐based nanoboxes). The AgAu‐based nanoboxes efficiently disrupted the membrane structure of bacteria/spores of C. difficile after 30–45 min exposure to the highly reactive Ag/Au peroxide surface of the nano structures. The Au‐enclosed AgCl provided sustained suppression of the growth of 2 × 107 pathogenic Escherichia coli for up to 19 days. In a fecal bench ex vivo test and in vivo CDI murine model, biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of the AuAg nanoboxes to attenuate CDI was demonstrated by restoring the gut microbiota and colon mucosal structure. The treatment successfully rescued the CDI mice from death and prevented their recurrence mediated by vancomycin treatment. The significant outcomes indicated that the new peroxide‐derived AgAu‐based nanoboxes possess great potential for future translation into clinical application as a new alternative therapeutic strategy against CDI.
Biochar‐Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon as Tellurium Host for High‐Performance Potassium‐Tellurium Batteries
Authors: Wu Pankun , Mu Zongyong , Qian Kun , Guo Cong , Li Min , Li Jingfa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion battery is promising for its high abundance and low redox potential. As a conversion cathode, Te possesses high conductivity and theoretical volumetric capacity to couple with potassium. The stubborn issues of K‐Te battery focus on the large volume change and rapid structure degradation of Te. Herein, we produce biomass carbon from mangosteen shell in a facile method, and obtain a hierarchical porous host with abundance of micropores and mesopores, which is obviously beneficial for hosting Te during K+ storage in K‐Te battery. The specific capacity reach to 560 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle at 0.1 A g−1, and remained 83.8 % after 200 cycles. Impressively, at a high current density of 2.0 A g−1, the specific capacity still remained 62.6 % after 5000 cycle. These results endow such strategy an efficient way for the development of K‐Te batteries.
Photophysical Properties of Homo‐ and Hetero‐Aggregate Assemblies Made of N‐Annulated Perylene Derivatives
Authors: Cancelliere Ambra M. , Galletta Maurilio , Arrigo Antonino , Fazio Enza , Campagna Sebastiano , Puntoriero Fausto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report the absorption spectra and photophysical properties of homo and hetero‐aggregate assemblies of a strongly emissive N‐annulated perylene dye (P) and of a dyad made of P and a methyl viologen derivative (P‐MV), in ethanol‐water solutions. In homo‐aggregate assemblies of P, the π‐π* fluorescence of the isolated chromophore is replaced by excimer emission at lower energy, with a lifetime of 900 ps, due to excimer formation from the initially prepared excitons. In homo‐aggregate assemblies of P‐MV, photoinduced charge separation, with formation of P+‐MV− species, occurs in 3 ps with a charge recombination of 20 ps. In hetero‐aggregate P/P‐MV systems, the light energy absorbed by the P components delocalizes over various P subunits, and when a P‐MV unit is reached, charge separation occurs; however, excimer emission is present for P/P‐MV ratio larger than 3 : 1, indicating that delocalized excitons within the hetero‐aggregate systems extend over a limited number of P chromophores.
Fate of Oxidation States at Actinide Centers in Redox‐Active Ligand Systems Governed by Energy Levels of 5 f Orbitals
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Tsushima Satoru , Gericke Robert , Kaden Peter , März Juliane , Takao Koichiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report the formation of a NpIV complex from the complexation of NpVIO22+ with the redox‐active ligand tBu‐pdiop2−=2,6‐bis[N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]pyridine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the direct complexation‐induced chemical reduction of NpVIO22+ to NpIV. In contrast, the complexation of UVIO22+ with tBu‐pdiop2− did not induce the reduction of UVIO22+, not even after the two‐electron electrochemical reduction of [UVIO2(tBu‐pdiop)]. This contrast between the Np and U systems may be ascribed to the decrease of the energy of the 5 f orbitals in Np compared to those in U. The present findings indicate that the redox chemistry between UVIO22+ and NpVIO22+ should be clearly differentiated in redox‐active ligand systems.
Quantifying basic colors' salience from cross‐linguistic corpora
Authors: Brosa‐Rodríguez Antoni , Jiménez‐López M. Dolores 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA corpus‐based quantitative assessment of Berlin and Kay's proposal is presented. We refine the Basic Color Terms hierarchy proposed by Berlin and Kay, through the concept of salience. A cross‐linguistic study with 57 different languages and 136 different linguistic corpora has been conducted. This study uses KonText tool and the corpora included in it. The color labels in different languages have been obtained using a unified methodology from PanLex. We have obtained an individual hierarchy for each of the languages analyzed, as well as a general hierarchy that captures the universal trend. Results show that there is a close relationship between the evolutionary stages in the Berlin and Kay proposal and their frequency in our corpora study, which we could also relate to Zipf's Law. The only color that we certify behaves differently compared to such a proposal is yellow. The main advantage of our approach compared to previous corpora studies is taking into account the anglocentric bias by using a representative typological set of different languages from the world.
Soil Health: What We Know—and Don’t Know
Authors: Hopkins Bryan G. , Rogers Christopher W. , Yost Matt 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil health has long been recognized as important. There are many proven practices known to build and maintain soil health, but there are other practices that are suspect. Measuring soil health is happening, but it is an immature science. Will we find that the existing soil health tests are meaningful? Will new methods be developed? What will the collective efforts of those implementing the aforementioned practices be upon yields? Crop quality? Carbon sequestration equilibrium? Soil and environment sustainability? And, of vital importance, what is the financial sustainability for growers and society? Earn 1 CEU in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
A highly accurate and robust source reconstruction method of printed circuit boards based on complex‐valued neural network
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nie Bao‐Lin , Wang Jinping , Liu Enbo , Wang Jiabao , Du Pingan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryPrinted circuit boards play an increasingly important role in modern electronic systems. Equivalent dipole moments are widely used to reconstruct the radiated fields of printed circuit boards in view of the extremely high complexity. In this paper, an improved source reconstruction method based on complex‐valued neural network is proposed to investigate the radiation properties of printed circuit boards working in microwave frequency band. Firstly, the magnetic field data obtained from the near‐field scanning are utilized to construct a matrix equation based on the source reconstruction theory. Secondly, the kernel of the complex‐valued neural network is constructed through the algorithm of complex numbers, which eventually end up with the novel neural network with the help of the principle of regression optimization. Thirdly, the data obtained from the near‐field scanning are fed into the neural network for effective training to get the equivalent dipole model. Finally, several numerical examples and available measurement results are given to validate the method. Compared with the commonly used Tikhonov regularization method, the proposed method possesses higher accuracy and better robustness in noise suppression.
Effects of nitrogen addition on species composition and diversity of early spring herbs in a Korean pine plantation
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Zhang Mengmeng , Jin Guangze 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnder the background of global nitrogen deposition, temperate forest ecosystems are suffering increasing threats, and species diversity is gradually decreasing. In this study, nitrogen addition experiments were conducted on Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations in Northeast China to explore the effect of long‐term nitrogen addition on herb species diversity to test the following hypothesis: long‐term nitrogen addition further reduced plant species diversity by affecting plant growth, which may be due to soil acidification caused by excessive nitrogen addition. Experimental nitrogen addition was conducted from 2014 to 2021, and the nitrogen treatment levels were as follows: N0 (control treatment, 0/(kg N ha−1 year−1)), N20 (low nitrogen treatment, 20/(kg N ha−1 year−1)), N40 (medium nitrogen treatment, 40/(kg N ha−1 year−1)) and N80 (high nitrogen treatment, 80/(kg N ha−1 year−1)). A herb community survey was conducted in the region from 2015 to 2021. The results showed that long‐term nitrogen addition decreased soil pH, changed the species and composition of herbaceous plants, and decreased the species diversity of understory herbaceous plants. With the increase in nitrogen application years, middle‐ and high‐nitrogen treatments significantly reduced the diversity of early‐spring flowering herbs and early‐spring foliating herbs, and their diversity decreased with the decrease in soil pH, indicating that soil acidification caused by long‐term nitrogen addition may lead to the decrease of plant diversity. However, for early‐spring growing herbs, adequate nitrogen addition may promote their growth. Our results show that plants have evolved different life‐history strategies based on their adaptation mechanisms to the environment, and different life‐history strategies have different responses to long‐term nitrogen addition. However, for most plants, long‐term nitrogen application will have a negative impact on the growth and diversity of herbs in temperate forests.
Resource co‐limitation of community biomass but not structure of an alpine grassland
Authors: Zhu Juntao , Zong Ning , Shi Peili , He Yunlong , Yang Xian , Zhang Yangjian , Jiang Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental changes are influencing the structure and function of many ecological communities, but their underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood. We conducted a 7‐year field experiment to explore the ecological consequences of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) enrichment in a high‐altitude Tibetan alpine grassland. We found that the enrichment of both N and P, but not either alone, increased plant above‐ and belowground biomass. In contrast, N, but not P, enrichment reduced species richness and altered plant phylogenetic diversity and structure. Whereas plant species loss and changes in phylogenetic structure were mainly driven by higher soil manganese levels under N addition, they were mainly driven by increased plant belowground biomass under the addition of both N and P. Our study highlights the resource co‐limitation of community biomass but not the structure of the study grassland, while also identifying soil metal toxicity and belowground competition as important mechanisms driving community changes following nutrient amendment.
Adoption of environmental DNA in public agency practice
Authors: Lee Kai N. , Kelly Ryan P. , Demir‐Hilton Elif , Laschever Eric , Allan Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has matured to the point that it is ready for deployment in many applications, particularly in aquatic environments. But public agencies have yet to adopt eDNA methods into their environmental decision making routines at scale, even when eDNA offers clear advantages to those now in use. This article provides a perspective on this gap by considering adoption of a new technology as a path‐dependent, social process in which some paths lead to outcomes that provide far greater benefits than others. We use the diffusion of innovations to investigate eDNA adoption by government agencies, in an effort to (1) identify likely paths toward institutionalized uptake, and (2) suggest ways of avoiding societally inefficient adoption outcomes. Because—as in any scientific endeavor—the best eDNA practices will continue to change, public agencies must remain open to improvements while building a useful and validated array of methods for routine eDNA application. Here we suggest one mechanism for doing so, which we call collaborative governance.
SIRPα: A key player in innate immunity
Authors: Feng Yongyi , Huang Chunliu , Wang Yingzhao , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSignal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is a crucial inhibitory regulator expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and microglia. SIRPα plays an indispensable role in innate immune and adoptive immune responses in cancer immunology, tissue homeostasis, and other physiological or phycological conditions. This review provides an overview of the research history, ligands, signal transduction pathways, and functional mechanisms associated with SIRPα. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic implications of targeting SIRPα as a promising novel strategy in immuno‐oncology.
Metal‐Free Photoinduced Defluorinative Carboxylation of Trifluoromethylalkenes with Formate
Authors: Du Fang‐Ming , Yan Lu‐Yu , Fu Ming‐Chen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient protocol in which formate is used as a precursor of the CO2 radical anion for the photoinduced defluorocarboxylation of α‐trifluoromethylstyrene. A wide range of gem‐difluorovinylacetic acids bearing a variety of functional groups were successfully obtained in the absence of metal catalysts. The synthetic value of this protocol was highlighted by successful gram‐scale synthesis and late‐stage modification for complex biologically active molecules. This protocol provides a complementary method that extends the range of currently available methodologies for accessing the structurally versatile gem‐difluoroalkenes.