bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEGAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIRECTION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
Authors: Muin Fatkhul 
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on legal development in various aspects of the life of the nation and state. The main dimension in legal development has a negative correlation and a positive correlation for the people. The perspective of authoritarian legal characteristics in legal development will encourage legal development that can damage the order of substantial justice in various aspects of people's lives, so that the law that is built must be based on the urgency of the interests of the community to achieve the ideals of the Indonesian nation as stated in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The constitutional instrument clearly lays out the main fundamental values in aspects of the life of the nation and state, but in the process of implementing the constitution requires derivative norms that can provide further policy direction for the implementation of the constitution. From this perspective, the dimensions of the rule of law in legal development are illustrated with the aim of creating substantive social justice, not based on the interests of certain parties by placing variable interests in legal development for the welfare of society. This study aims to explore the perspective of legal development to achieve social justice with a legal approach.
Keywords: Policy, Legal Development and Social Justice
IVAN FRANKO BEHIND THE SCENES OF “THE FIRST WREATH”, OR TEN CONTROVERSIES OF THE PUBLISHING HISTORY OF THE ALMANAC
Authors: Shvets Alla 
Published: May 2023

The article investigates the publishing history of the literary almanac “The First Wreath”, which was published in Lviv in 1887. This almanac was the first book of this type in which 17 woman writers from two parts of then politically divided Ukraine, Galicia and Naddniprianschyna, were able to unite under one cover. The main idea of the almanac was declared as “in the name of our national unity”. Despite the fact that the title of the publication contained only the names of both editors and patrons, Olena Pchilka and Natalia Kobrynska, the entire publishing process was managed by Ivan Franko. He drew up the plan and contents, selected materials, corresponded with writers, edited and proofread the texts, and was engaged in the distribution and popularization of the almanac after its publication.
Frankо’s participation in the history of “The First Wreath” is one of the unexplored pages of his professional profile as a publisher and editor, and this paper aims to comprehend Franko’s role in this enterprise. On the other hand, attention is paid to the complex and lengthy publishing process of the collection, which had its own interesting backstage, hidden conflicts, and individual stories, which can be conditionally summarized as ten controversies of “The First Wreath”. The paper describes in detail each of these stories, which reveal interesting facts of the writers’ communication, the genesis of many works, and biographical facts of the collection’s participants. Among the main controversies of “The First Wreath” are the history with its title, editorial interventions of Franko in the texts of Kobrynska and Olena Pchilka, ‘tragicomic story’ of the abridgment of Olena Pchilka’s short story “Comrades” (“Tovaryshky”), secret pseudonyms of socialist women authors, non-admission of Olha Kobylianska’s work to publication, a conflict between Olena Pchilka and Hanna Barvinok, and violation of editorial policy by some authors.
Despite the complicated publishing controversies of “The First Wreath”, each of which to some extent involved Franko, this collection entered the history of the literary process, the Ukrainian press, and the women’s movement as an important manifestation of the unification progress and intellectual result of the consolidation efforts of Ukrainian woman. At the same time, the almanac influenced the fates and literary biographies of all its authors.
Gross and histological study of the larynx in red sokoto goat (Capra hircus) from Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Danmaigoro , Yusuf Abdullahi Usman , Muhammad Mahmud Abdullahi , Abubakar Kabeer 
Published: May 2023

Small ruminants are very important in securing food security and are economically significant in the rural community especially in the west African country. The larynx serves as both airway passage and organ of vocalization, which are associated with their own pathology and diseases. In the current study, 9 specimens of larynxes from apparently healthy red sokoto goats were obtained from Sokoto Modern abattoir, dissected, and morphologically and histologically evaluated. The results showed the larynx is a firm irregular tubular structure situated in between the ramii of the mandible with the laryngeal muscles are intertwined in between the cartilages. The rostral aspect of the larynx forms the caudal border of the pharynx while the caudal end of the larynx continues as the trachea. The thyroid cartilage is the largest while arytenoids are the smallest. Histologically, the thyroid, arytenoids and cricoid are of the hyaline cartilage while the epiglottis is made up of the elastic cartilage. This research work focus on evaluating the gross and microscopic anatomy of the larynx, thus, providing information for future use in both anatomical studies and clinical applications.
A graph-based machine learning framework identifies critical properties of FVIII that lead to hemophilia A
Authors: Ferreira Marcos V. , Nogueira Tatiane , Rios Ricardo A. , Lopes Tiago J. S. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Blood coagulation is an essential process to cease bleeding in humans and other species. This mechanism is characterized by a molecular cascade of more than a dozen components activated after an injury to a blood vessel. In this process, the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is a master regulator, enhancing the activity of other components by thousands of times. In this sense, it is unsurprising that even single amino acid substitutions result in hemophilia A (HA)—a disease marked by uncontrolled bleeding and that leaves patients at permanent risk of hemorrhagic complications.Methods: Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of HA, the precise role of each residue of the FVIII protein remains unclear. In this study, we developed a graph-based machine learning framework that explores in detail the network formed by the residues of the FVIII protein, where each residue is a node, and two nodes are connected if they are in close proximity on the FVIII 3D structure.Results: Using this system, we identified the properties that lead to severe and mild forms of the disease. Finally, in an effort to advance the development of novel recombinant therapeutic FVIII proteins, we adapted our framework to predict the activity and expression of more than 300 in vitro alanine mutations, once more observing a close agreement between the in silico and the in vitro results.Discussion: Together, the results derived from this study demonstrate how graph-based classifiers can leverage the diagnostic and treatment of a rare disease.
Role of nano-hydrogels coated exosomes in bone tissue repair
Authors: Pan Yuqi , Li Yige , Dong Wenjun , Jiang Bowei , Yu Yuhao , Chen Yunsu 
Published: May 2023

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are widely applied in different areas. Some nanomaterials are designed to be biocompatible and can be used in the medical field, playing an important role in disease treatment. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a diameter of 30–200 nm. Studies have shown that exosomes have the effect of angiogenesis, tissue (skin, tendon, cartilage, et al.) repair and reconstruction. Nano-hydrogels are hydrogels with a diameter of 200 nm or less and can be used as the carrier to transport the exosomes into the body. Some orthopedic diseases, such as bone defects and bone infections, are difficult to handle. The emergence of nano-hydrogels coated exosomes may provide a new idea to solve these problems, improving the prognosis of patients. This review summarizes the function of nano-hydrogels coated exosomes in bone tissue repair, intending to illustrate the potential use and application of nano-hydrogels coated exosomes in bone disease.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of podophyllotoxin derivatives with nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Authors: Yin Meng , Fang Yongsheng , Sun Xiaotong , Xue Minggao , Zhang Caimei , Zhu Zhiyun , Meng Yamiao , Kong Lingmei , Myint Yi Yi , Li Yan , Zhao Jingfeng , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2023

Three series of podophyllotoxin derivatives with various nitrogen-containing heterocycles were designed and synthesized. The antitumor activity of these podophyllotoxin derivatives was evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The results showed that podophyllotoxin-imidazolium salts and podophyllotoxin-1,2,4-triazolium salts a1–a20 exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity. Among them, a6 was the most potent cytotoxic compound with IC50 values of 0.04–0.29 μM. Podophyllotoxin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives b1–b5 displayed medium cytotoxic activity, and podophyllotoxin-amine compounds c1–c3 has good cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 0.04–0.58 μM. Furthermore, cell cycle and apoptosis experiments of compound a6 were carried out and the results exhibited that a6 could induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.
Outcomes of catheter ablation vs. medical treatment for atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Fang Hsiu-Yu , Wu Po-Jui , Chen Huang-Chung , Fang Yen-Nan , Chen Mien-Cheng 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe benefit of catheter ablation vs. medical treatment has been reported to be inconsistent in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) due to different enrollment criteria. This meta-analysis aimed to decipher the differential outcomes stratified by different left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) and AF types.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ClinicalKey, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for RCTs comparing medical treatment and catheter ablation in patients with AF and HF published before March 31, 2023. Nine studies were included.ResultsWhen patients were stratified by LVEF, improved LVEF and 6-min walk distance, less AF recurrence, and lower all-cause mortality in favor of catheter ablation were observed in patients with LVEF ≤50% but not in patients with LVEF ≤35%, and short HF hospitalization was observed in patients with LVEF ≤50% and LVEF ≤35%. When patients were stratified by AF types, improved LVEF and 6-min walk distance, better HF questionnaire score, and short HF hospitalization in favor of catheter ablation were observed both in patients with nonparoxysmal AF and mixed AF (paroxysmal and persistent) and less AF recurrence and lower all-cause mortality in favor of catheter ablation were observed in only patients with mixed AF.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis showed improved LVEF and 6-min walk distance, less AF recurrence, and lower all-cause mortality in favor of catheter ablation vs. medical treatment in AF patients with HF and LVEF of 36%–50%. Compared with medical treatment, catheter ablation improved LVEF and had better HF status in patients with nonparoxysmal AF and mixed AF; however, AF recurrence and all-cause mortality in favor of catheter ablation were observed in only HF patients with mixed AF.
Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes among younger and older women and its additive interaction with advanced maternal age
Authors: Li Jiangheng , Yan Jingli , Ma Linghua , Huang Yongquan , Zhu Maoling , Jiang Wu 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and advanced maternal age (AMA, ≥ 35 years) has shown an increasing trend worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of pregnancy outcomes among younger (20-34 years) and older (≥ 35 years) women with GDM and further analyze the epidemiologic interaction of GDM and AMA on these outcomes.MethodsThis historical cohort study included 105 683 singleton pregnant women aged 20 years or older between January 2012 and December 2015 in China. Stratified by maternal age, the associations between GDM and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed by performing logistic regression. Epidemiologic interactions were assessed by using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (SI) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsAmong younger women, individuals with GDM had a higher risk of all maternal outcomes, preterm birth (relative risk [RR] 1.67, 95%CI 1.50–1.85), low birthweight (RR 1.24, 95%CI 1.09–1.41), large for gestational age (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.40–1.63), macrosomia (RR 1.54, 95%CI 1.31–1.79), and fetal distress (RR 1.56, 95%CI 1.37–1.77) than those without GDM. Among older women, GDM increased the risk of gestational hypertension (RR 2.17, 95%CI 1.65–2.83), preeclampsia (RR 2.30, 95%CI 1.81–2.93), polyhydramnios (RR 3.46, 95%CI 2.01–5.96), cesarean delivery (RR 1.18, 95%CI 1.10–1.25), preterm birth (RR 1.35, 95%CI 1.14–1.60), large for gestational age (RR 1.40, 95%CI 1.23–1.60), macrosomia (RR 1.65, 95%CI 1.28–2.14) and fetal distress (RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.12–1.90). Additive interactions of GDM and AMA on polyhydramnios and preeclampsia were found, with RERI of 3.11 (95%CI 0.05-6.16) and 1.43 (95%CI 0.09-2.77), AP of 0.51 (95%CI 0.22-0.80) and 0.27 (95%CI 0.07-0.46), and SI of 2.59 (95%CI 1.17-5.77) and 1.49 (95%CI 1.07-2.07), respectively.ConclusionGDM is an independent risk factor for multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes, and may exert additive interactions with AMA on the risk of polyhydramnios and preeclampsia.
Associations between the serum triglyceride-glucose index and pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation and plaque features using dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhen Yanhua , Wang Min , Gao Lingfeng , Dang Yuxue , Shang Jin , Chen Xujiao , Ma Shaowei , Zhou Ke , Feng Kai , Xin Yang , Hou Yang , Guo Chuanji 
Published: May 2023

Background and aimsThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable alternative marker for insulin resistance (IR). Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) can indirectly reflect coronary inflammation. IR and coronary inflammation play a key role in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between the TyG index, PCAT and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics to explore whether IR might lead to coronary artery atherosclerosis progression by inducing coronary inflammation.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on patients with chest pain who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography using spectral detector computed tomography at our institution from June to December 2021. The patients were grouped based on their TyG index levels: T1 (low), T2 (medium), and T3 (high). Each patient was assessed for total plaque volume, plaque load, maximum stenosis, the plaque component volume proportion, high-risk plaques(HRPs), and plaque characteristics (including low attenuation plaques, positive remodeling, a napkin ring sign, and spot calcification). PCAT quantification was performed on the proximal right coronary artery using the fat attenuation index (FAI) measured from a conventional multicolor computed tomography image (FAI120kVp), a spectral virtual single-energy image (FAI40keV), and the slope of the spectral HU curve (λHU).ResultsWe enrolled 201 patients. The proportion of patients with maximum plaque stenosis, positive remodeling, low-density plaques, and HRPs increased as the TyG index level increased. Moreover, the FAI40keV and λHU significantly differed among the three groups, and we identified good positive correlations between FAI40keV and λHU and the TyG index (r = 0.319, P &lt;0.01 and r = 0.325, P &lt;0.01, respectively). FAI120kVp did not significantly differ among the groups. FAI40keV had the highest area under the curve, with an optimal cutoff value of −130.5 HU for predicting a TyG index value of ≥9.13. The multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that FAI40keV and λHU were independently positively related to a high TyG index level (standardized regression coefficients: 0.117 [P &lt;0.001] and 0.134 [P &lt;0.001], respectively).ConclusionsPatients with chest pain and a higher TyG index level were more likely to have severe stenosis and HRPs. Moreover, FAI40keV and λHU had good correlations with the serum TyG index, which may noninvasively reflect PCAT inflammation under insulin resistance. These results could help explain the mechanism of plaque progression and instability in patients with insulin resistance might be related to IR-induced coronary inflammation.
Genetic testing for misclassified monogenic diabetes in Māori and Pacific peoples in Aōtearoa New Zealand with early-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Toomata Zanetta , Leask Megan , Krishnan Mohanraj , Cadzow Murray , Dalbeth Nicola , Stamp Lisa K. , de Zoysa Janak , Merriman Tony , Wilcox Phillip , Dewes Ofa , Murphy Rinki 
Published: May 2023

AimsMonogenic diabetes accounts for 1-2% of diabetes cases yet is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine in Māori and Pacific adults clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within 40 years of age, (a) the prevalence of monogenic diabetes in this population (b) the prevalence of beta-cell autoantibodies and (c) the pre-test probability of monogenic diabetes.MethodsTargeted sequencing data of 38 known monogenic diabetes genes was analyzed in 199 Māori and Pacific peoples with BMI of 37.9 ± 8.6 kg/m2 who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 3 and 40 years of age. A triple-screen combined autoantibody assay was used to test for GAD, IA-2, and ZnT8. MODY probability calculator score was generated in those with sufficient clinical information (55/199).ResultsNo genetic variants curated as likely pathogenic or pathogenic were found. One individual (1/199) tested positive for GAD/IA-2/ZnT8 antibodies. The pre-test probability of monogenic diabetes was calculated in 55 individuals with 17/55 (31%) scoring above the 20% threshold considered for diagnostic testing referral.DiscussionOur findings suggest that monogenic diabetes is rare in Māori and Pacific people with clinical age, and the MODY probability calculator likely overestimates the likelihood of a monogenic cause for diabetes in this population.
Polluting our rivers in search of gold: how sustainable are reforms to stop informal miners from returning to mining sites in Ghana?
Authors: Mensah Albert Kobina , Tuokuu Francis Xavier Dery 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Although artisanal gold mining has contributed to livelihoods in many rural communities across the world, it has destroyed and polluted several water bodies.Methods: Using Prestea in the southwestern region of Ghana, this paper demonstrates how artisanal gold mining has culminated in the pollution of freshwater bodies and the ecosystem. A non-probabilistic purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of twelve artisanal gold mining communities. We used participant observation, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, a review of policy and legal documents, reports from media websites, and site visits to various artisanal gold mining sites. We observed that artisanal gold mining has destroyed major rivers, which used to serve as major sources of water supply for domestic and irrigation purposes. To achieve benign production, the Ghanaian government over the years has made efforts to formalize the operations of galamsey activities through six main routes: policy intervention, a complete ban on their activities, military strategy, national dialogue, alternative livelihood programs, and community mining. We assessed the sustainability of three of these measures (i.e., policy intervention, a complete ban on ASM, and the military strategy).Results: We found that none of these approaches is sustainable, as the miners continue to defy the orders and military brutalities and return to mining sites to continue their operations.Conclusion: Therefore, acknowledging ASM as a significant tool for reducing poverty and its pertinent contribution to the larger economy, providing tax exemptions and incentives to informal miners to boost their production, involving local mining communities and subaltern miners in mineral governance and decision-making, removing bureaucracies and lowering costs to make the registration of new ASM businesses easier, and strengthening the mine regulatory infrastructure are necessary to formalize the sector.
CD4+ T cells are the major predictor of HCMV control in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients on letermovir prophylaxis
Authors: Lauruschkat Chris David , Muchsin Ihsan , Rein Alice , Erhard Florian , Grathwohl Denise , Dölken Lars , Köchel Carolin , Falk Christine Susanne , Einsele Hermann , Wurster Sebastian , Grigoleit Götz Ulrich , Kraus Sabrina 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients. Recently, antiviral letermovir prophylaxis during the first 100 days after alloSCT replaced PCR-guided preemptive therapy as the primary standard of care for HCMV reactivations. Here, we compared NK-cell and T-cell reconstitution in alloSCT recipients receiving preemptive therapy or letermovir prophylaxis in order to identify potential biomarkers predicting prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation.MethodsTo that end, the NK-cell and T-cell repertoire of alloSCT recipients managed with preemptive therapy (n=32) or letermovir prophylaxis (n=24) was characterized by flow cytometry on days +30, +60, +90 and +120 after alloSCT. Additionally, background-corrected HCMV-specific T-helper (CD4+IFNγ+) and cytotoxic (CD8+IFNγ+CD107a+) T cells were quantified after pp65 stimulation.ResultsCompared to preemptive therapy, letermovir prophylaxis prevented HCMV reactivation and decreased HCMV peak viral loads until days +120 and +365. Letermovir prophylaxis resulted in decreased T-cell numbers but increased NK-cell numbers. Interestingly, despite the inhibition of HCMV, we found high numbers of “memory-like” (CD56dimFcεRIγ- and/or CD159c+) NK cells and an expansion of HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in letermovir recipients. We further compared immunological readouts in patients on letermovir prophylaxis with non/short-term HCMV reactivation (NSTR) and prolonged/symptomatic HCMV reactivation (long-term HCMV reactivation, LTR). Median HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies were significantly higher in NSTR patients (day +60, 0.35 % vs. 0.00 % CD4+IFNγ+/CD4+ cells, p=0.018) than in patients with LTR, whereas patients with LTR had significantly higher median regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequencies (day +90, 2.2 % vs. 6.2 % CD4+CD25+CD127dim/CD4+ cells, p=0.019). ROC analysis confirmed low HCMV specific CD4+ (AUC on day +60: 0.813, p=0.019) and high Treg frequencies (AUC on day +90: 0.847, p=0.021) as significant predictors of prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation.DiscussionTaken together, letermovir prophylaxis delays HCMV reactivation and alters NK- and T-cell reconstitution. High numbers of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells and low numbers of Tregs seem to be pivotal to suppress post-alloSCT HCMV reactivation during letermovir prophylaxis. Administration of more advanced immunoassays that include Treg signature cytokines might contribute to the identification of patients at high-risk for long-term and symptomatic HCMV reactivation who might benefit from prolonged administration of letermovir.