bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Forecasting and Assessment of Urban Air Quality by an Automated Machine Learning System: The AI‐Air
Authors: Yang Jiayu , Ke Huabing , Gong Sunling , Wang Yaqiang , Zhang Lei , Zhou Chunhong , Mo Jingyue , You Yan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn automated air quality forecasting system (AI‐Air) was developed to optimize and improve air quality forecasting for different typical cities, combined with the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environmental Model (CUACE), and used in a typical inland city of Zhengzhou and a coastal city of Haikou in China. The performance evaluation results show that for the PM2.5 forecasts, the correlation coefficient (R) is increased by 0.07–0.13, and the mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) is decreased by 3.2–3.5 and 3.8–4.7 μg/m³. Similarly, for the O3 forecasts, the R value is improved by 0.09–0.44, and ME and RMSE values are reduced by 7.1–22.8 and 9.0–25.9 μg/m³, respectively. Case analyses of operational forecasting also indicate that the AI‐Air system can significantly improve the forecasting performance of pollutant concentrations and effectively correct underestimation, or overestimation phenomena compared to the CUACE model. Additionally, explanatory analyses were performed to assess the key meteorological factors affecting air quality in cities with different topographic and climatic conditions. The AI‐Air system highlights the potential of AI techniques to improve forecast accuracy and efficiency, and with promising applications in the field of air quality forecasting.
Influence of Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones on the Development of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in December 2011
Authors: Pei Suyang , Shinoda Toshiaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrate that the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) modulates tropical cyclone (TC) activity over various locations worldwide. Since TCs are associated with anomalous large‐scale circulations, they can influence the development of the MJO. However, the impact of TC on the MJO has not been thoroughly examined. This study investigates the influence of TC‐associated processes on the MJO development based on the analysis of a case observed during the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation field campaign. During the suppressed phase before the December 2011 MJO initiation, two TCs were active in the southern Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). A dry air band within 10°S‐Eq is sustained by TC‐induced horizontal advection and descent, inhibiting large‐scale convection in the southern equatorial IO. Consequently, convection is triggered and develops only in the northern TIO around Eq‐10°N. The MJO initiates as convection develops south of the equator after the TCs dissipate.
Explaining the 2022 Record Low Great Salt Lake Volume
Authors: Bigalke Siiri , Loikith Paul , Siler Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Great Salt Lake reached the lowest water volume in its entire 170+ year record in 2022. To explain this record low we develop and apply a lake mass‐balance model and perform four simulations: one where all input and output variables are fixed to their mid‐20th century average resulting in an equilibrium lake volume, and three others where one of the input variables (precipitation or streamflow) or the output variable (evaporation) follows observations while the other two are fixed to their mid‐20th century average. Results show anomalously low streamflow accounting for the largest proportion of the lake volume departure from the equilibrium state by 2022, resulting in about three times the additional water loss over 1950–2022 as increasing evaporation, which played the second largest role. Precipitation changes played a minimal role. Though streamflow had a greater effect, the lake would not have reached the record low volume without increasing evaporation.
Microphysical Evolution Throughout the Unprecedented Short‐Term Heavy Precipitation Caused by Typhoon Haikui (2023)
Authors: Wang Lan , Bao Xuwei , Chen Guanghua , Zhang Shuai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTyphoon Haikui (2023) brought an unprecedented rainstorm to Fuzhou, with a rainfall record of 360.4 mm in 12 hr and an instantaneous rain rate of 234 mm hr−1. This study investigates the evolution of precipitation microphysics during this short‐term period. High rain rates exceeding 100 mm hr−1 along with large mass‐weighted diameter Dm were predominantly observed in the first 3 hr (Stage I), while the next 9 hr (Stage II) experienced less than 100 mm hr−1. At the onset of Stage I, it is warm‐cloud processes that mainly contributed to the increased rain rate, yet the rain rates hardly exceeded 200 mm hr−1. Approximately 1 hr later, a rain rate of 234 mm hr−1 occurred due to a joint contribution of ice‐ and warm‐cloud processes, characterized by the increased horizontal reflectivity throughout the troposphere. Moreover, this study provides a new insight into the correlation between rainfall intensity and convective intensity.
Meridional Central Pacific Ocean Depth Section for Pb and Pb Isotopes (GEOTRACES GP15, 152°W, 56°N to 20°S) Including Shipboard Aerosols
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Lanning Nathan , Boyle Edward , Fitzsimmons Jessica , Ramezani Jahandar , Wang Avery G. , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMost oceanic lead (Pb) is from anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere deposited into surface waters, mostly during the past two centuries. The space‐ and time‐dependent emission patterns of anthropogenic Pb (and its isotope ratios) constitute a global geochemical experiment providing information on advective, mixing, chemical, and particle flux processes redistributing Pb within the ocean. Pb shares aspects of its behavior with other elements, for example, atmospheric input, dust solubilization, biological uptake, and reversible exchange between dissolved and adsorbed Pb on sinking particles. The evolving distributions allow us to see signals hidden in steady‐state tracer distributions. The global anthropogenic Pb emission experiment serves as a tool to understand oceanic trace element dynamics. We obtained a high‐resolution (5° station spacing) depth transect of dissolved Pb concentrations and Pb isotopes from Alaska (55°N) to just north of Tahiti (20°S) near 152°W longitude. The sections reveal distinct sources of Pb (American, Australian, and Chinese), transport of Australian style Pb to the water mass formation region of Sub‐Antarctic Mode Water which is advected northward, columnar Pb isotope contours due to reversible particle exchange on sinking particles from high‐productivity particle veils, and a gradient of high northern deep water [Pb] to low southern deep water [Pb] that is created by reversible exchange release of Pb from sinking particles carrying predominantly northern hemisphere Pb. 208Pb/206Pb versus 206Pb/207Pb isotope relationships show that most oceanic Pb in the North Pacific is from Chinese and American sources, whereas Pb in the South Pacific is from Australian and American sources.
Toward Spatio‐Temporally Consistent Multi‐Site Fire Danger Downscaling With Explainable Deep Learning
Authors: Mirones Óscar , Baño‐Medina Jorge , Brands Swen , Bedia Joaquín 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study introduces a novel Convolutional Long Short‐Term Memory neural networks (ConvLSTM)‐based multi‐site downscaling approach for fire danger prediction, that leverages the properties of Long‐Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recursive Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) by learning daily Multivariate‐Gaussian distributions conditioned on large‐scale atmospheric predictors. The ConvLSTM‐Multivariate‐Gaussian (MG) model enhances the predictive accuracy, spatial coherence, and temporal alignment of the downscaled Fire Weather Index (FWI). We compared its performance with Generalized Linear Models and a CNN‐based benchmark across multiple locations in Spain, focusing on extreme FWI events. Our findings show that ConvLSTM‐MG outperforms in predictive accuracy and distributional consistency, effectively capturing spatial and temporal variability. It reduces correlation length bias by over 50% and mutual information error in 90th percentile of FWI by over 80%, demonstrating robustness in representing spatial correlations under extreme conditions. The model's temporal performance aligns closely with observed data as measured by the autocorrelation function, making it a promising tool for multi‐site downscaling. Additionally, the use of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence techniques enhances model interpretability, providing insights into influential variables. Unlike other deep learning models, ConvLSTM‐MG prioritizes simplicity and ease of training, making it accessible and practical for regional weather station networks. This approach offers significant improvements in fire danger prediction, crucial for climate impact assessment and fire prevention.
EclipseNB: A Network of Low‐Cost GNSS Receivers to Study the Ionosphere
Authors: Kashcheyev A. , Nava B. , Watson C. , Jayachandran P. T. , Langley R. B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work aims to demonstrate that dense networks of low‐cost dual‐frequency global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used to retrieve ionospheric electron content with almost the same level of accuracy as scientific‐grade GNSS receivers. A network of 15 GNSS receivers called EclipseNB was designed and installed in New Brunswick, Canada to study ionospheric structure and dynamic behavior, including the response of the ionosphere to the total solar eclipse in April 2024. EclipseNB observations during the solar eclipse and the extreme geomagnetic storm in May 2024 are presented. The status and the future of the network are discussed.
3D printable and myoelectrically sensitive hydrogel for smart prosthetic hand control
Authors: Lai Jinxin , Xiao Longya , Zhu Beichen , Xie Longhan , Jiang Hongjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface electromyogram (sEMG) serves as a means to discern human movement intentions, achieved by applying epidermal electrodes to specific body regions. However, it is difficult to obtain high-fidelity sEMG recordings in areas with intricate curved surfaces, such as the body, because regular sEMG electrodes have stiff structures. In this study, we developed myoelectrically sensitive hydrogels via 3D printing and integrated them into a stretchable, flexible, and high-density sEMG electrodes array. This electrode array offered a series of excellent human-machine interface (HMI) features, including conformal adherence to the skin, high electron-to-ion conductivity (and thus lower contact impedance), and sustained stability over extended periods. These attributes render our electrodes more conducive than commercial electrodes for long-term wearing and high-fidelity sEMG recording at complicated skin interfaces. Systematic in vivo studies were used to investigate its efficacy to control a prosthetic hand by decoding sEMG signals from the human hand via a multiple-channel readout circuit and a sophisticated artificial intelligence algorithm. Our findings demonstrate that the 3D printed gel myoelectric sensing system enables real-time and highly precise control of a prosthetic hand.
Targeting SRSF1 improves cancer immunotherapy by dually acting on CD8+T and tumor cells
Authors: Zhu Gui-Qi , Tang Zheng , Chu Tian-Hao , Wang Biao , Chen Shi-Ping , Tao Chen-Yang , Cai Jia-Liang , Yang Rui , Qu Wei-Feng , Wang Yi , Zhao Qian-Fu , Huang Run , Tian Meng-Xin , Fang Yuan , Gao Jun , Wu Xiao-Ling , Zhou Jian , Liu Wei-Ren , Dai Zhi , Shi Ying-Hong , Fan Jia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Serine arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is a key oncogenic splicing factor in various cancers, promoting abnormal gene expression through post-translational regulation. Although the protumoral function of SRSF1 is well-established, the effects of inhibiting tumor-intrinsic SRSF1 on the tumor microenvironment and its impact on CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity remain unclear. Our findings indicate that depleting SRSF1 in CD8+ T cells improve antitumor immune function, glycolytic metabolism, and the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy. The inactivation of SRSF1 in tumor cells reduces transcription factors, including c-Jun, c-myc, and JunB, facilitating glycolytic metabolism reprogramming, which restores CD8+ T cell function and inhibits tumor growth. The small-molecule inhibitor TN2008 targets SRSF1, boosting antitumor immune responses and improving immunotherapy effectiveness in mouse models. We therefore introduce a paradigm targeting SRSF1 that simultaneously disrupts tumor cell metabolism and enhances the antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells.
Myeloablative conditioning in cord blood transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia patients is efficacious only until age 55
Authors: Oshima Shinichiro , Arai Yasuyuki , Kondo Tadakazu , Yano Shingo , Hirabayashi Shigeki , Uchida Naoyuki , Onizuka Makoto , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Tanaka Masatsugu , Takahashi Satoshi , Hayashi Masayuki , Kawakita Toshiro , Uehara Yasufumi , Ota Shuichi , Izumi Toru , Sawa Masashi , Nishida Tetsuya , Katayama Yuta , Nagafuji Koji , Kato Koji , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yanada Masamitsu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) is accepted as an effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), rather than myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens allowed elderly patients to be treated safely. However, appropriate intensities of conditioning regimens are still unclear, especially for middle-aged patients. To compare outcomes after RIC and MAC regimens, we analyzed AML patients aged 16 years or older in the Japanese registry database, who underwent single cord unit CBT between 2010-2019. Median ages of the RIC group (n = 1353) and the MAC group (n = 2101) were 59 and 51 years (P < 0.001), respectively. 5-year overall survival (OS) after MAC was superior to that of RIC (38.3% vs 27.7%, P < 0.001) with lower incidence of relapse (33.9% vs 37.4%, P = 0.029) and better neutrophil engraftment (84.7% vs 75.9%, P < 0.001). Detailed subgroup analysis revealed that age at transplantation is the most important factor affecting 5-year OS in RIC and MAC. This analysis identified a threshold of 55 years, beyond which the superiority of MAC disappeared, irrespective of other factors such as disease status or performance status. In conclusion, RIC may be preferable for patients aged 56 or older in CBT for AML due to higher potential toxicities.
Distribution of the four type VI secretion systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classification of their core and accessory effectors
Authors: Habich Antonia , Chaves Vargas Verónica , Robinson Luca A. , Allsopp Luke P. , Unterweger Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are puncturing molecular machines that transport effector proteins to kill microbes, manipulate eukaryotic cells, or facilitate nutrient uptake. How and why T6SS machines and effectors differ within a species is not fully understood. Here, we applied molecular population genetics to the T6SSs in a global population of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We reveal varying occurrence of up to four distinct T6SS machines. Moreover, we define conserved core T6SS effectors, likely critical for the biology of P. aeruginosa, and accessory effectors that can exhibit mutual exclusivity between strains. By ancestral reconstruction, we observed dynamic changes in the gain and loss of effector genes in the species’ evolutionary history. Our work highlights the potential importance of T6SS intraspecific diversity in bacterial ecology and evolution.
Spatiotemporal observation of surface plasmon polariton mediated ultrafast demagnetization
Authors: Fan Yuzhu , Cao Gaolong , Jiang Sheng , Åkerman Johan , Weissenrieder Jonas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface plasmons offer a promising avenue in the pursuit of swift and localized manipulation of magnetism for advanced magnetic storage and information processing technology. However, observing and understanding spatiotemporal interactions between surface plasmons and spins remains challenging, hindering optimal optical control of magnetism. Here, we demonstrate the spatiotemporal observation of patterned ultrafast demagnetization dynamics in permalloy mediated by propagating surface plasmon polaritons with sub-picosecond time- and sub-μm spatial- scales by employing Lorentz ultrafast electron microscopy combined with excitation through transient optical gratings. We discover correlated spatial distributions of demagnetization amplitude and surface plasmon polariton intensity, the latter characterized by photo-induced near-field electron microscopy. Furthermore, by comparing the results with patterned ultrafast demagnetization dynamics without surface plasmon polariton interaction, we show that the demagnetization is not only enhanced but also exhibits a spatiotemporal modulation near a spatial discontinuity (plasmonic hot spot). Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between surface plasmons and spins, offer insights into the optimized control of optical excitation of magnetic materials and push the boundaries of ultrafast manipulation of magnetism.
Molten Sn solvent expands liquid metal catalysis
Authors: Tang Junma , Meftahi Nastaran , Christofferson Andrew J. , Sun Jing , Yu Ruohan , Rahim Md. Arifur , Tang Jianbo , Mao Guangzhao , Daeneke Torben , Kaner Richard B. , Russo Salvy P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Regulating favorable assemblies of metallic atoms in the liquid state provides promise for catalyzing various chemical reactions. Expanding the selection of metallic solvents, especially those with unique properties and low cost, enables access to distinctive fluidic atomic structures on the surface of liquid alloys and offers economic feasibility. Here, Sn solvent, as a low-cost commodity, supports unique atomic assemblies at the interface of molten SnIn0.1034Cu0.0094, which are highly selective for H2 synthesis from hydrocarbons. Atomistic simulations reveal that distinctive adsorption patterns with hexadecane can be established with Cu transiently reaching the interfacial layer, ensuring an energy-favorable route for H2 generation. Experiments with a natural oil as feedstock underscore this approach’s performance, producing 1.2 × 10−
4 mol/min of H2 with 5.0 g of catalyst at ~93.0% selectivity while offering reliable scalability and durability at 260 °C. This work presents an alternative avenue of tuning fluidic atomic structures, broadening the applications of liquid metals.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Cyperus iria, an aggressive weed of rice
Authors: Yang Siyu , Cao Qingyi , Wen Zexin , Wang Aoxue , Shi Shiyao , Liang Zhuoying , Li Shuying , Gui Wenjun , Zhu Jinwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Cyperus iria is an aggressive weed of rice throughout the world. Until now, the reference genome of C. iria has not been published. Here, we completed the chromosome-level genome assembly of C. iria based on Illumina, PacBio and Hi-C reads. The assembled genome size of C. iria was 479.08 Mb with a contig N50 of 7.02 Mb. 68 pseudochromosomes were produced using Hi-C scaffolding, accounting for 99.65% of the assembled genome. The number of predicted protein-coding genes is 47,395, of which 93.26% were annotated, and 37.69% repetitive sequences were identified. Our study provided a valuable genomic resource for the molecular biology research and the management of C. iria.
One pot synthesis of poly m-toluidine incorporated silver and silver oxide nanocomposite as a promising electrode for supercapacitor devices
Authors: Essam Doaa , Ahmed Ashour M. , Abdel-Khaliek Ahmed A. , Shaban Mohamed , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design and fabrication of novel electrodes with strong electrochemical responses are crucial in advanced supercapacitor technology. In this study, a poly(m-toluidine)/silver-silver oxide (PMT/Ag-Ag2O) nanocomposite was prepared using the photopolymerization method. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the prepared nanomaterials. The resulting structure of Ag-Ag2O minimizes ion diffusion distances, increases active sites, and accelerates redox reactions. The electrochemical response of PMT and PMT/Ag-Ag2O electrodes was evaluated in three different electrolyte solutions (Na2SO4, H2SO4, and HCl). The specific capacitance of PMT/Ag-Ag2O nanocomposite was found to be higher than that of PMT alone. Among the tested electrolytes, HCl exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 443 F g−1 at a gravimetric current density of 0.4 A g−1, surpassing H2SO4 (104 F g−1) and Na2SO4 (32 F g−1). Also, the PMT/Ag-Ag2O nanocomposite has demonstrated good cycling stability. It exhibited a high specific power density of 156 W Kg−1 and a specific energy density of 1.8 Wh Kg−1. These results highlight the potential of the prepared PMT/Ag-Ag2O nanocomposite as a nanoelectrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
The Shu complex interacts with the replicative helicase to prevent mutations and aberrant recombination
Authors: Fagunloye Adeola A , De Magis Alessio , Little Jordan H , Contreras Isabela , Dorwart Tanis J , Bonilla Braulio , Gupta Kushol , Clark Nathan , Zacheja Theresa , Paeschke Katrin , Bernstein Kara A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is important for DNA damage tolerance during replication. The yeast Shu complex, a conserved homologous recombination factor, prevents replication-associated mutagenesis. Here we examine how yeast cells require the Shu complex for coping with MMS-induced lesions during DNA replication. We find that Csm2, a subunit of the Shu complex, binds to autonomous-replicating sequences (ARS) in yeast. Further evolutionary studies reveal that the yeast and human Shu complexes have co-evolved with specific replication-initiation factors. The connection between the Shu complex and replication is underlined by the finding that the Shu complex interacts with the ORC and MCM complexes. For example, the Shu complex interacts, independent of other HR proteins, with the replication initiation complexes through the N-terminus of Psy3. Lastly, we show interactions between the Shu complex and the replication initiation complexes are essential for resistance to DNA damage, to prevent mutations and aberrant recombination events. In our model, the Shu complex interacts with the replication machinery to enable error-free bypass of DNA damage.