bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating a Key COVID-19 Question by Using Natural Language Processing on Scientific Publications
Authors: Dua Devika , Mapes Norman 
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented challenge to public health. Numerous scientific publications are published daily on COVID-19 to understand the unexplored facets of the disease. The sheer volume of these publications makes it daunting for researchers to quickly find information and evaluate data related to specific COVID-19 queries. Natural Language Processing (NLP), a form of artificial intelligence, assists in churning these huge piles of data with a sophisticated algorithmic approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate key a COVID-19 question by using NLP on scientific publications. Using the T5 (Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer) model, we analyzed 740,000 journal abstracts for specific answers an important COVID-19 question. We performed qualitative observations, T-Tests (p-values and inferences), and accuracy metrics (Precision, Recall, and F1 score) to evaluate the models in this study. As the number of scientific publications increases, our proposed methodology provides an efficient mechanism for performing specific information retrieval for emerging questions, diseases, and related conditions, especially for underrepresented populations.
A descriptive study on symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in an Indian cohort from Karnataka
Authors: Pavan Sujith , N. Prabhu Arvind , Ballal Mamatha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with ever-changing motor and nonmotor symptoms. Disease treatment is modified accordingly with the progression of the disease. The present study was carried out to understand the symptoms reported by PD subjects in different phases of the disease.

Materials and Methods: Demographic and clinical details were obtained using questionnaires to evaluate the frequency and severity of various motor and nonmotor symptoms experienced by the PD subjects.

Results: Ageing was strongly associated with the onset of disease, whereas the BMI category adversely correlated with other motor symptoms (OMS), nonmotor symptoms (NMS), and specifically gastrointestinal symptoms. Tremors were the most troublesome cardinal motor symptoms, followed by stiffness and bradykinesia. The most common NMS were fatigue/tiredness, anxiety/depression, insomnia, constipation, and cognitive impairment. Anxiety and depression were positively associated with other NMS symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue and exhaustion, apathy, and gastrointestinal problems. More than half of our patients reported gastrointestinal discomfort, early satiety, appetite decrease, and bloating. In our present investigation, the most common gastrointestinal symptoms linked with constipation were straining evacuation, lumpy hard stool, and incomplete evacuation.

Conclusion: We have analysed the frequency and trend of various symptoms associated with PD in an Indian population from Karnataka. A significant correlation exists between motor and nonmotor symptoms, which impacts the quality of life in PD during the course of the disease.
Comparison of Frequency of Pseudo-Exfoliation Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery in Different Regional Hospitals of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Irshad , Rauf Abdul , Ishtiaq Omar , Islam Qamar-ul- , Khan Faisal Aziz , Ali Shahzad 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To compare the frequency of Pseudo-Exfoliation Syndrome (PXS) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in different regional hospitals in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Three Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi, Rawalakot and Skardu Pakistan, from Sep 2017 to May 2020.
Methodology: Patients aged 45 years and more undergoing age-related cataract surgery were evaluated for Pseudo-Exfoliation Syndrome. Initially, each patient underwent a complete outpatient ophthalmological workup. Demographic details like age and gender were noted. All the patients were screened for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In addition, patients were screened for pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. Congenital, developmental, secondary and traumatic cataracts were excluded.
Results: A total of 1882 patients were included in the study. Pseudo-exfoliation was carried out in 249(13.23%) patients. In Hospital-A, 23(3.23%); in Hospital-B, 145(14.92%) and Hospital-C, 81(40.70%) of the patients had pseudo-exfoliation. The frequency of pseudo-exfoliation syndrome was significantly more in Hospital-C and then in Hospital-B and least in HospitalA (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Pseudo-exfoliation syndrome was significantly more common in Skardu and then in Rawalakot and least in Malir, which in the same order have more latitude away from the equator, have less average annual temperature and are situated at higher altitudes.
Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Ketamine Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder; A Comparative Study
Authors: Bajwa Asif Azeem , Ali Sohail , Khan Sikandar Ali , Saleem Nida , Nazir Tashfeen Bin 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Ketamine infusions in hospitalized patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD).
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Apr 2021.
Methodology: Forty in-patients diagnosed as having MDD were randomly allocated ECT/Ketamine intervention as per international standards. Either group of patients acted as a control for the other. Their Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) scores before and after the completion of treatment cycles were assessed to determine their response to treatment.
Results: The Ketamine-Group showed fewer depressive symptoms than the ECT Group. The depressive symptoms were reduced in 16(80.78%) patients after Ketamine infusions, while 15(77.78%) patients showed improvement after ECT sessions.In addition, the response to Ketamine was quicker.
Conclusion: This study has reported that low dose Ketamine has a more rapid impact than Electroconvulsive therapy in improving symptoms of depression in major depressive disorder patients.
Correlation of Uric Acid Levels with Feto-Maternal Outcomes in Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Saleem Uzma , Noman Maham , Yaqub Umairah , Sohail Amina , Bashir Khushbakht , Kaiani Abdullah Safdar 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To explore the correlation between uric acid levels and feto-maternal outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2021.
Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 90 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders having greater than 26 weeks of gestation were included after seeking Ethical Committee approval. Selected parameters were noted on a structured proforma.
Results: Among the participants, 38(42.2%) had pregnancy-induced hypertension, 32(35.5%) had pre-eclampsia, 13(14.5%) had chronic hypertension with pre-eclampsia, and 7(7.8%) had eclampsia. Mean Uric acid levels ranged between 363.66±50.45 μmol/L and 451.86±120.62μmol/L, with a significant difference between PIH and eclampsia (p<0.001). Mode of delivery was avaginal, primary cesarean section, and repeat cesarean section in 31(34.4%), 38(42.2%), and 21(23.4%) patients, respectively(p<0.001). Liquor was meconium stained in 49(54.4%) while clear in 41(45.6%) births, with (p<0.001). Early neonatal deaths6(6.7%) participants had significantly higher uric acid levels than no NICU admission 22(24.4%). In maternal outcomes, 83 patients (92.2%) required routine post-operative care, while 7(7.8 %) went to the intensive care unit. Uric acid levels had a negative correlation with gestational age.
Conclusion: Maternal uric acid levels differ significantly in different hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and affect the mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes.
Shocks and caps in drop electrohydrodynamics
Authors: Schnitzer Ory 
Published: March 2023

The problem of electrohydrodynamic drop deformation is well understood in the case where the external electric field is weak. In one of his many celebrated papers (Proc. R. Soc. A, 291 1425 159-166, 1966), G. I. Taylor worked out a complete theory in this limit, including analytical expressions for the electrohydrodynamic flow engendered within and outside of the drop by the electric field acting on its own induced interfacial charge, and a simple function of the permittivity, conductivity and viscosity drop-to-background ratios discriminating between prolate-spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal deformation. In this talk, we will employ numerical and asymptotic tools to explore the effects of interfacial-charge convection, which were neglected by Taylor but become important at strong electric fields. In particular, we will analyse (in 2D, for simplicity) how Taylor’s fore-aft symmetric solution evolves as the electrical Reynolds number is increased from zero to arbitrarily large values. What we shall find is hinted by the title of the talk. We will discuss connections between our results, numerical evidence in the literature for the formation of equatorial interfacial-charge “shocks” (a term which we shall challenge), and strong-field experiments exhibiting equatorial streaming, pattern formation and transition to spontaneous drop rotation. This is joint work with Gunnar G. Peng, Rodolfo Brandão and Ehud Yariv.
Inclusive Education in Nepal and Role of School Psychologist
Authors: Singh Thagunna Narendra , Bista Raman , Dangi Jyotshna 
Published: March 2023

Inclusive education is a strategy that identifies children who, for any reason, are
excluded. from a specific context of schooling and promotes a process of social and
academic inclusion of all children within the school Traditionally, learning outcomes
for students involve academic, social, and emotional outcomes and are closely tied to
a school’s culture and ethos. Many school psychologists, as well as child therapists and
professionals, have been seriously concerned with the effectiveness of their individualcentred
practice, and they are concerned with the development of more child-focused
and system-centered approaches as they recognise that incorporating children’s and
stakeholder perspectives into the counselling or therapeutic process appears to improve
its effectiveness. The major objective of this review is to understand the current context
of inclusive education in Nepal and also compare it with international progress in
inclusive education. In In addition, the role of school psychologists in improving the
inclusive education environment is also studied. Although an inclusive educational
environment benefits students greatly, it is not widely recognised due to a lack of
awareness and strategic education implementation. policies that promote inclusive
education. School psychologists play the most vital role in the successful implementation
of inclusive education, as they understand the school environment’s pros and cons and
students’ psychological states in every inclusive environment. And for this reason, the
presence of school psychologists is essential in any inclusive educational environment.
Effect of acidity on hydrolysis and depolymerization of lignocellulose in one-pot lignin-first biorefinery
Authors:   , Kaewklam Rattanaporn 
Published: March 2023

In lignin-first biorefinery, extraction and depolymerization of lignin from lignocellulosic materials provide value-added lignin monomers. In this study, a mixture of acid-containing water and ethylene glycol was introduced to the lignin-fist biorefinery for simultaneously improving lignin cleavage, together with the depolymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose within one-pot. The experiments were conducted at 180-250°C under the hydrogen pressure of 30 bar for 1-6 h using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as a biomass source. The presence of acid and mixed solvent in the reaction provided the lignin oil yield up to 60 wt% comprising of the main monomers such as phenol, guaiacyl, and syringyl. Moreover, the acidity at pH 4 leads to the lignin monomer yield of 4.5 wt%. Glucose, xylose, and arabinose from hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose in water phase were identified to clarify that the one-pot lignin-first biorefinery simultaneously depolymerize lignin and hydrolyze carbohydrate. The effects of temperature and reaction time were investigated. The results revealed that the harsh conditions result in high potential of lignin depolymerization but diminish the sugar units of carbohydrate. This study demonstrate that ethylene glycol participates in the extraction of lignin from OPEFB, while acid-containing water participates not only in depolymerization of carbohydrate but also in depolymerization of lignin. On the other hand, acid-catalyst stabilizes the reactive lignin.
Behavioural and Organisational Factors Determining Blockchain Adoption
Authors: Gharehdaghi Mandana , Kamann Dirk-Jan F. 
Published: March 2023

Aims: To explore and describe behavioural and organisational factors playing a role in the adoption of blockchain technology in the supply network, next to technical aspects.
Research Questions: (1) “Why would companies use it and insert information considered as strategic?” (2) “Why would customers use it and consumers trust it?” (3) “Is it suitable for every firm?”.
Study Design/Methodology: A literature review combined with mind mapping describes potentially promising strong aspects and vulnerabilities. Limitations in present blockchain use are considered before moving towards a research method that observes, explains and predicts relevant human decision behaviour. A mixed methods approach of qualitative research applying Atlas.ti uses participative observations next to narratives and interviews with selected interviewees. This Step Wise Two Stage MiniDelphi approach was used, resulting in the opinions of experts in Supply Chain Management, fashion, food, HRM and IT.
Theoretical Framework: A Grounded Theory based methodology is used; various types of Institutional Isomorphism form the main theoretical framework, next to the Resource Based View and Resource Dependence Theory. The behavioural and organisational factors relevant in actual decision making are captured in a hypothetical LISREL model.
Findings: Blockchain technology has the potential to facilitate secure information transfer, meeting demands of transparency, traceability, confidentiality, security, integrity and availability. However, it expires that adoption not so much is determined by technical aspects. The willingness to insert strategic information satisfying downstream actors, is balancing the trust downstream actors have in upstream actors. Factors that make upstream actors decide to adopt are (1) price and total costs versus perceived additional revenue, reputation and competitiveness; (2) coercion, mimetic behaviour, following the industry norms, regulation or other external drivers. Using block chain as marketing tool for only part of the total volume of goods occurs. Volatile and momentary supply networks are less suitable; so are situations where the supplier has no choice but to use the buyer’s supply network, controlled by the buyer.
Development and Validation of UV-Spectroscopic Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Pravastatin Sodium
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Verma Kapil Kumar , Kumar Inder , Bala Anju , Thakur Bhumika , Thakur Vandana 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: A new, simple, precise, accurate, and reproducible method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride (MH) and Pravastatin Sodium (PS) in pure form.
Methodology: Simultaneous estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride (MH) and Pravastatin Sodium (PS) was estimated by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry using the absorbance subtraction method. The method was based on the measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 232 nm and 238 nm, of metformin and Pravastatin Sodium respectively. These studies were performed at three different levels (75%, 100%, and 125%) and the % recovery of MH and PS was calculated.
Results: The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.481 μg/ml and 0.670μg/ml for MH and 1.15μg/ml and 1.68μg/ml for PS respectively. All the statically analyses were within the standard limits. It proves that the method was repeatable and selective for the simultaneous.
Conclusion: Therefore, the present study concludes that it can be successfully used for simultaneous estimation of MH and PS in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The developed method was found to be simple, precise, and accurate.
Prevalence and Pattern of Visual Impairment among Adult Population in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Moyegbone John E. , Nwose Ezekiel U. , Kio Franklin E. , Agege Emmanuel A. , Omatsuli Tuoyo , Odoko Joseph O. , Akuirene Omatseye A. 
Published: March 2023

Aim: Visual impairment is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of visual impairment among adult population in Mangu Local Government Area (L.G.A), Plateau State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey of 802 adult population aged 18 years and above was conducted in Mangu L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design.
Methodology: Subjects were evaluated using a magnifying loupe, Snellen E chart, direct ophthalmoscope and torchlight. Vision status was defined using World Health Organization categories of visual impairment based on presenting visual acuity (VA).
Results: Out of a total of 960 respondents enumerated for the study, 802 (83.5%) adults participated. Prevalence of blindness (presenting VA of less than 3/60 in the better eye) was 8.1%; prevalence of low vision (presenting VA of at least 3/60 but less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 27.6%; prevalence of overall visual impairment (presenting VA less than 6/18 in the better eye) was 35.7%. Prevalence of visual impairment was higher in males (40.8%) than in females (34.9%), although not statistically significant (p=0.098). Prevalence of blindness and impaired vision increased significantly with increasing age, from 21.7% at 20 - 39 years to 83.6% among those aged ≥80 years (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Much can be done by individuals, governments and non-governmental organizations to reduce so much blindness and vision loss through cost-effective interventions such as wears of sunglasses and other preventive measures to prevent ultraviolet radiation effect on their eyes.
Effect of the Memory Training for Recovery–Adolescent Intervention vs Treatment as Usual on Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls in Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmadi Sayed Jafar , Jobson Laura , Musavi Zeinab , Rezwani Sayed Rohullah , Amini Farshad Ahmad , Earnest Arul , Samim Nasratullah , Sarwary Sayed Ali Akbar , Sarwary Sayed Abbas , McAvoy Daniel 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceAdolescents who experience conflict in humanitarian contexts often have high levels of psychiatric distress but rarely have access to evidence-based interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of Memory Training for Recovery–Adolescent (METRA) intervention in improving psychiatric symptoms among adolescent girls in Afghanistan.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial included girls and young women aged 11 to 19 years with heightened psychiatric distress living in Kabul, Afghanistan, and was conducted as a parallel-group trial comparing METRA with treatment as usual (TAU), with a 3-month follow-up. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive either METRA or TAU. The study occurred between November 2021 and March 2022 in Kabul. An intention-to-treat approach was used.InterventionsParticipants assigned to METRA received a 10-session group-intervention comprised of 2 modules (module 1: memory specificity; module 2: trauma writing). The TAU group received 10 group adolescent health sessions. Interventions were delivered over 2 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome measures were self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms after the intervention. Secondary outcomes were self-reported measures of anxiety, Afghan-cultural distress symptoms, and psychiatric difficulties. Assessments occurred at baseline, after modules 1 and 2, and at 3 months after treatment.ResultsThe 125 participants had a mean (SD) age of 15.96 (1.97) years. Overall sample size for primary analyses included 80 adolescents in the METRA group and 45 adolescents in TAU. Following the intention-to-treat principle, generalized estimating equations found that the METRA group had a 17.64-point decrease (95% CI, −20.38 to −14.91 points) in PTSD symptoms and a 6.73-point decrease (95% CI, −8.50 to −4.95 points) in depression symptoms, while the TAU group had a 3.34-point decrease (95% CI, −6.05 to −0.62 points) in PTSD symptoms and a 0.66-point increase (95% CI, −0.70 to 2.01 points) in depression symptoms, with the group × time interactions being significant (allP &amp;lt; .001). METRA participants had significantly greater reductions in anxiety, Afghan-cultural distress symptoms, and psychiatric difficulties than TAU participants. All improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Dropout in the METRA group was 22.5% (18 participants) vs 8.9% for TAU (4 participants).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, those in the METRA group had significantly greater improvements in psychiatric symptoms relative to those in the TAU group. METRA appeared to be a feasible and effective intervention for adolescents in humanitarian contexts.Trial Registrationanzctr.org.au Identifier:ACTRN12621001160820