bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goals and values of farmers revisited: Gasson fifty years on
Authors: Hill Berkeley , Bradley Dylan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFifty years have passed since the Journal of Agricultural Economics published an article by Ruth Gasson on the goals and values of farmers in England. Gasson's research demonstrated the complexity of motives and, in particular, the importance farmers attached to the activities of farming (their intrinsic orientation), even among the operators of larger farms. Gasson's article has been widely cited as seminal by subsequent researchers on farmer behaviour. Governments have acknowledged the importance of understanding the motives of farm decision‐makers when explaining their responses to economic and policy signals and designing schemes to shape farmers' behaviour. Brexit and the creation of national agricultural policies for each constituent UK country have highlighted the need for this better understanding, though precisely how this information can be used remains difficult. The continued dominance of an intrinsic orientation is particularly important for policies encouraging retirement and for the agri‐environment. Gasson's legacy is also important in the quantification of goals and values to segment, and hence model, the heterogeneity of likely farmer responses to market and policy signals.
Nursing diagnoses disturbed body image (00118) and situational low self‐esteem (00120) in patients with head and neck cancer: Differential clinical validation using Q methodology
Authors: Miguel Susana S. A. , Domingues Tiago Dias , Caldeira Sílvia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeWhen submitted to mutilating surgery, patients with head and neck cancer may present profound physical and psychosocial changes, temporary or definitive, with an individual impact and family. The most frequent human responses to this health condition are subjective, particularly concerning body image and self‐esteem. Differential validation emerges to provide nurses with clinical indicators for clinical reasoning and planning of effective interventions, considering the specific defining characteristics of each diagnosis.This study aimed at conducting a differential clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and low situational self‐esteem in patients with head and neck cancer using Q methodology.MethodWe performed an observational cross‐sectional study using Q methodology.Thirty‐eight participants were included. Data were analyzed using Q methodology procedures. The research and ethics committee approved the study.FindingsFactor analysis was performed, and eight defining characteristics were identified for the diagnosis of disturbed body image and one for situational low self‐esteem: avoiding looking at one's body, avoiding touching one's body, the behavior of monitoring one's body, depersonalization of body part by use of impersonal pronouns, focus on past appearance, focus on past function, negative feeling about body, and refusal at acknowledging change and helplessness.ConclusionsThe use of the Q methodology in this process of differential validation allowed the study of two diagnoses of a subjective nature, disclosing the most specific defining characteristics of each and contributing to increasing the knowledge of these human responses.Implications for nursing practiceThis study contributes to a better understanding of the predominant defining characteristics of the diagnoses under study. In terms of the NANDA‐I taxonomy, it helps to raise the levels of evidence for diagnoses. Using a qualitative and quantitative methodology allows for maintaining a more holistic research approach and greater rigor and acceptance of the results.
Climate risk and audit fees: An international study
Authors: Yu Minfeng , Si Yi , Tian Gaoliang , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing a comprehensive global sample, we find that climate risk positively relates to audit fees. Specifically, auditors charge higher fee premiums when firms are located in countries with more stringent auditing regulations, higher information opacity and less adaptive capacity for climate risk. Audit fee premiums are also higher when firms are incentivised to manipulate earnings, less important to auditors, and audited by short‐tenured and industry‐specialised auditors. Our study provides worldwide evidence that climate risk induces more earnings management and increases the efforts of auditors in the auditing process, resulting in higher audit fees.
The lived experience of receiving services as a National Disability Insurance Scheme participant in a rural area: Challenges of choice and control
Authors: Wakely Luke , Green Elisha , Little Alexandra , Fisher Karin , Wakely Katrina , Currie Kate , Wolfgang Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the lived experience of people with a physical disability residing in a rural area and receiving services under the NDIS.SettingRural areas of New South Wales classified as Modified Monash Categories 3–7.ParticipantsSemistructured interviews were conducted with seven purposively sampled participants who self‐identified as having a physical disability, were receiving NDIS funding and lived in a rural area of NSW.DesignData collection and analysis were guided by hermeneutic phenomenology.FindingsWe interpreted three interrelated themes; Uncertainty of Access, Battling Bureaucracy and Improving Relationships and Independence. The themes articulate the essence of this phenomenon, Challenges to choice and control.DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that while people with a physical disability living in rural NSW acknowledged positive changes to their everyday lives through the NDIS, there remains a sense of confusion, frustration and disconnection with the system. Burdensome, inconsistent and untimely communication with NDIS staff caused uncertainty with the process and required negotiation to resolve issues such as delays in funding, essential services or equipment modifications. The essence of Challenges to choice and control articulates what the person had to negotiate within their lifeworld. Further guidance and clarity for people with disabilities to access the NDIS system would ensure confidence to navigate the system and receive the essential supports they need.
Drug safety signal detection in a regional healthcare database using the tree‐based scan statistic and comparison to 3 other mining methods
Authors: Hailong Li , Houyu Zhao , Hongbo Lin , Peng Shen , Siyan Zhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate and compare the relative performance of the tree‐based scan statistic (TreeScan) with the crude cohort study, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and Gamma Poisson Shrinker (GPS) in detecting statin‐related adverse events (AEs) in an electronic healthcare database.MethodsData from a Chinese healthcare database from 2010 to 2016 were evaluated. We identified statin users based on prescription information in their out‐/in‐patient records, and AEs were defined according to the ICD‐10 codes in patients' diagnosis records. TreeScan was applied to detect AE signals related to statin use and was compared with 3 other methods based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, the Youden index, area under the precision–recall curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsA total of 224 187 patients were enrolled and divided into 85 758 statin users and 138 429 nonusers. TreeScan generated 29 positive signals, of which 9 were known AEs. The sensitivities of TreeScan, BCPNN and GPS were all 69.2%, which was higher than that of the crude cohort study (46%). The specificity (82.3%), positive predictive value (31.0%), negative predictive value (95.9%), accuracy (81.0%), Youden index (51.5%) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (75.8%) of TreeScan were the highest among the 4 methods.ConclusionTreeScan outperformed the crude cohort, BCPNN and GPS in detecting statin‐related AEs in an electronic healthcare database. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary tool for other signal detection methods in drug safety surveillance.
How to debunk misinformation? An experimental online study investigating text structures and headline formats
Authors: Kotz Johannes , Giese Helge , König Laura M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesMisinformation is a crucial problem, particularly online, and the success of debunking messages has so far been limited. In this study, we experimentally test how debunking text structure (truth sandwich vs. bottom‐heavy) and headline format (statement vs. questions) affect the belief in misinformation across topics of the safety of COVID vaccines and GMO foods.DesignExperimental online study.MethodsA representative German sample of 4906 participants were randomly assigned to reading one of eight debunking messages in the experimentally varied formats and subsequently rated the acceptance of this message and the agreement to misinformation statements about the mentioned topics and an unrefuted control myth.ResultsWhile the debunking messages specifically decreased the belief in the targeted myth, these beliefs and the acceptance of the debunking message were unaffected by the text structures and headline formats. Yet, they were less successful when addressing individuals with strong pre‐existing, incongruent attitudes and distrust in science.ConclusionsThe risk of backfire effects in debunking misinformation is low. Text structure and headline format are of relatively little importance for the effectiveness of debunking messages. Instead, writers may need to pay attention to the text being comprehensive, trustworthy and persuasive to maximize effectiveness.
Prognostic impact and gene expression analysis of peri‐tumoral alveolar macrophage in resected lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kagawa Yosuke , Nakai Tokiko , Taki Tetsuro , Hashimoto Hiroko , Tanaka Yu , Sakai Tetsuya , Shibata Yuji , Izumi Hiroki , Nosaki Kaname , Udagawa Hibiki , Zenke Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoh Kiyotaka , Miyazaki Saori , Watanabe Reiko , Kojima Motohiro , Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Naoya , Tsuboi Masahiro , Goto Koichi , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prognostic significance and role of extratumoral alveolar macrophages (exAMs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the prognostic impact and gene expression of exAMs in LUAD patients. The density of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the peri‐tumoral lung field (p‐exAMs) and distant lung field (d‐exAMs) was evaluated in 217 LUAD patients with lymph node metastasis. Patients with high p‐exAMs showed significantly shorter recurrence‐free (RFS) and shorter overall survival (OS) than those with low p‐exAMs (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), whereas there was no survival difference between patients with high d‐exAMs and those with low d‐exAMs. Multivariate analysis revealed that high p‐exAMs was an independent predictive factor for RFS (HR: 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.10–2.16; p = 0.01). Later, we collected AMs from the tumor periphery and distant segments in 13 resected lungs by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure and compared mRNA expression. AMs in the tumor periphery expressed significantly higher levels of IL‐10 and CCL2 than those in the distant segment (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Additionally, IL‐10 and CCL2 significantly induced the growth and migration of the PC9 cells in vitro. This study suggests that p‐exAMs should be considered as a tumor‐promoting component in the tumor microenvironment.
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non‐peptide glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1b, multicentre, blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized, multiple‐ascending‐dose study in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pratt Edward , Ma Xiaosu , Liu Rong , Robins Deborah , Coskun Tamer , Sloop Kyle W. , Haupt Axel , Benson Charles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo report the results of a Phase 1b trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orforglipron (LY3502970), an oral, non‐peptide glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsThis was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase 1 study evaluating five different dosing regimens. The first group established that weekly dose escalation of the daily doses of orforglipron was generally well tolerated. This enabled a parallel‐arm design for the four groups following. Participants were randomized 3:1 to daily doses of orforglipron or placebo for 12 weeks. Eligible participants with T2D were aged 18 to 70 years and had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥53.0 mmol/mol (7.0%) and ≤91.3 mmol/mol (10.5%).ResultsA total of 51 participants received orforglipron and 17 received placebo. In the placebo and orforglipron groups, respectively, baseline HbA1c was 8.1% and 8.0%, and baseline body weight was 90.3 and 88.4 kg. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal‐related, and occurred early in treatment, similar to findings with other GLP‐1RAs. At Week 12, mean t1/2 ranged from 29 to 49 hours. Mean HbA1c change ranged from −1.5% to −1.8% across orforglipron doses, versus −0.4% with placebo, and body weight change was −0.24 to −5.8 kg across orforglipron doses, versus 0.5 kg with placebo.ConclusionsOrforglipron treatment resulted in meaningful reductions in HbA1c and body weight, with an adverse event profile consistent with that of other GLP‐1RAs. Orforglipron may provide a safe and effective once‐daily oral treatment alternative to injectable GLP‐1RAs or peptide oral formulations without water and food restrictions.
Interferenceless coexistence of 6G networks and scientific instruments in the Ka‐band
Authors: Bordel Borja , Alcarria Ramón , Robles Tomás 
Published: June 2023

Abstract6G networks are envisioned to provide an extremely high quality‐of‐service (QoS). Then, future 6G network must operate in the Ka‐band, where more bandwidth and radio channels are available, and noise and interferences are lower. But even in this context, 6G base stations must adjust the transmission power to ensure the signal‐to‐noise ratio is good enough to enable the expected QoS. However, 6G networks are not the only infrastructure operating in that band. Actually, many scientific instruments are also working on those frequencies. Considering that 6G networks will be transmitting a relevant power level, they can interfere very easily with these scientific instruments. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new solution to enable the interferenceless coexistence between 6G networks and scientific instruments. This solution includes a three‐dimensional model to analyse future positions of user devices. Using this information and an interference model, we design a decision model to adapt the transmitted power, so the QoS achieves the expected level. Besides, when the transmitted power is high enough to interfere with close scientific instruments, a scheduling algorithm based on swarm intelligence is triggered. This algorithm calculates the optimum distribution of time slots and radio channels, so the scientific instruments can operate, and the 6G networks can still provide the required QoS. An experimental validation is provided to analyse the performance of the proposed solution. Results show a complete coexistence may be achieved with an interference level of −26 dBm and a QoS above 95% of the expected level.
Parent–child contact problems and family intensive interventions: The crisis of adolescent suicidality and the role of social media
Authors: Pasternak Marcy A. , Montgomery Sharon Ryan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough clinicians, educators and parents have been alarmed by the decline in the mental health of children and adolescents commensurate with the Covid‐19 pandemic, statistics indicate there has been a downward spiral over the last decade. This has been evident in the overall increase in suicide rates for young people. For legal and mental health professionals working in the Family Court system, this has provided unique challenges. Most vulnerable has been those children and adolescents embroiled in high conflict divorces, especially those exhibiting parent child contact problems. This article focuses upon that population exhibiting parent child contact problems, and their treatment, specifically Family Intensive Intervention. Building Family Resilience is an Intensive family treatment program that has had to address this deterioration in child and adolescent mental health and increase in suicidality. The role of social media in both exacerbating and/or ameliorating mental health issues is explored.
Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gu Zhaoyan , Yang Xuhui , Wang Yan , Gao Jianjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe effects of denosumab on bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolism in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remain controversial. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in June 2022 to identify studies that evaluated the risk of denosumab‐associated hypocalcemia and changes in bone metabolism, changes in BMD from baseline to post‐treatment in patients with ESRD.FindingsTwelve studies with 348 participants were included. The pooled incidence of hypocalcemia during denosumab treatment was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%–46%; I2 = 63.6%). There were no significant changes in either the serum calcium or phosphate levels from the baseline to post‐treatment period; the mean differences were 0.04 mg/dL (95% CI, −0.12 to 0.20 mg/dL) and −0.39 mg/dL (95% CI, −0.89 to 0.12 mg/dL). We found significant changes in the alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels; the standardized mean differences were −2.98 (95% CI, −5.36 to –0.59) and −3.12 (95% CI: –4.94 to –1.29), respectively. Denosumab may increase BMD, with mean differences of 9.10% (95% CI: 4.07%–14.13%) and 9.00% (95% CI: 5.93%–12.07%) for the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively.DiscussionDenosumab increased the BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in patients with ESRD. The onset of hypocalcemia must be carefully monitored during denosumab administration.
Updating germ cell tumour pathogenesis – the ability of seminomas for FOXA2‐driven extra‐embryonic differentiation
Authors: Bremmer Felix , Lubk Lena , Ströbel Philipp , Nettersheim Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AimsTesticular germ cell tumours are the most common solid malignancies in young men of age 14–44 years. It is generally accepted that both seminomas and non‐seminomas arise from a common precursor, the germ cell neoplasia in‐situ, which itself is the result of a defective (primordial) germ cell development. The stem cell‐like population of the non‐seminomas, the embryonal carcinoma, is capable of the differentiation of all three germ layers (teratomas) and extra‐embryonic tissues (yolk‐sac tumours, choriocarcioma) into cells. In contrast, seminomas are thought to have a limited differentiation potential. Nevertheless, several studies have highlighted their ability to undergo reprogramming to an embryonal carcinoma or differentiation into other non‐seminomatous entities. Here, we demonstrate that in approximately 5% of seminomas, the yolk‐sac tumour driver gene FOXA2 is detectable at the protein level, indicative of an occult yolk‐sac tumour subpopulation that putatively arose from seminoma cells, as the presence of other GCT entities could be excluded. The presence of these subpopulations might render the tumour more aggressive and argue for an adjustment of the therapeutic concept. We used our data to update the model of germ cell tumour pathogenesis, especially regarding the developmental potential of seminomas. Additionally, we suggest to include detection of FOXA2 into standard routine diagnosis of seminomas.
The longitudinal influence of ADHD status and stimulant medication on body mass index and blood pressure among youth with obesity
Authors: Kollin Sophie R. , Lim Crystal S. , Lee Aaron A. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundYouth with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more vulnerable to developing obesity. Stimulant medication use, an evidence‐based treatment for ADHD, is associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and higher blood pressure among non‐overweight youth.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal influence of ADHD and stimulant medication use on BMI and blood pressure among a sample of 456 youth with overweight and obesity treated in a paediatric weight management clinic.MethodsMixed linear modelling examined the main and interactive effects of time by ADHD status and stimulant medication use on BMI and blood pressure.ResultsYouth without ADHD experienced a significantly faster decrease in BMI compared to youth with ADHD (p < 0.001). Youth with ADHD who were taking stimulant medication had a significantly faster decrease in BMI compared to youth with ADHD who were not taking stimulant medication (p = 0.009). There was no significant effect of ADHD status or stimulant medication use on diastolic or systolic blood pressure trajectories over time (ps >0.05).ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that youth with ADHD who are not taking stimulant medication may not benefit from clinical weight management to the same extent as either youth without ADHD or youth with ADHD who are taking a stimulant medication.
Synthesis and reaction path of Ti‐Al‐C MAX phases by reaction with Ti‐Al intermetallic compounds and TiC
Authors: Lee Hojun , Kim Si Yeon , Lee Young‐In , Byun Jongmin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, it was verified that the synthesis of Ti‐Al‐C MAX phases has advantages when using intermetallic compounds rather than using only elemental powders. The formation behavior of the MAX phases was presented through diffusion experiments. In the case of using elemental powder, Ti2AlC is produced at 1300°C, and Ti3AlC2 is produced at 1400°C. When intermetallic compounds are used, Ti2AlC is produced at 1000°C, and Ti3AlC2 is produced at 1300°C. In the case of the elemental powder, it is verified that Ti3AlC2 content is decreased and Ti2AlC is increased when heat treatment is performed at 1400°C for 3 h. Rather Ti3AlC2 content is increased when intermetallic compounds are used. When an intermetallic compound is used, synthesis occurs more actively at high temperatures, and the tendency to be thermally decomposed can be prevented. When TiAl and TiC are heat treated, Al of the intermetallic compound is diffused into TiC, and C of TiC is diffused into the intermetallic compound. Furthermore, there are many two‐dimensional defects in TiAl, which act as a C diffusion channel. C diffuses into TiAl to produce TiCX, and the MAX phases is generated by the short‐range diffusion of Al. At the region of TiC, TiC transforms into TiCX after C diffuses into TiAl, which consequently structure of TiC changes from cubic to hexagonal. This is the same crystal structure as the MAX phases, and it is confirmed that the (110) surface is maintained. A Ti‐C layer structure of the (110) surface is maintained, and it was determined that Al is diffused during this time to generate the MAX phases.