bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the potential effect of medicinal plants on innate immunity of selected freshwater fish species: its implications for fish farming in Southern Africa
Authors: Mbokane Esau Matthews , Moyo Ngonidzashe Adreck Gukuta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the major bottlenecks affecting the expansion of the freshwater aquaculture sector in developing countries is the outbreak of diseases. Fish farmers have traditionally relied on antibiotics and synthetic chemicals to control diseases. However, antibiotics and synthetic chemicals are associated with negative effects on the environment and consumers and their excessive use has resulted in antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In addition, the majority of freshwater fish farmers, especially small-scale farmers, have limited access to antibiotics and synthetic chemicals due to lack of resources. Medicinal plants have been reported to be suitable replacements in aquaculture, but their usage in aquaculture is still limited. The aim of this paper is to undertake a meta-analysis on the effect of medicinal plants on innate immune response and disease resistance in commonly farmed freshwater aquaculture fish species, namely Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and cyprinids (Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio). The analysis showed that the mean effect size for respiratory burst (− 1.90 (95% CI − 2.40; − 1.40), I2 = 100%, P = 0); lysozyme activity (0.05 (95% CI − 0.38; 0.48), I2 = 97%, P < 0.01); white blood cells (− 0.69 (95% CI − 1.16; − 0.23), I2 = 89%, P < 0.01); and phagocytic activity (− 1.21 (95% CI − 2.08; − 0.35), I2 = 91%, P < 0.01) was significantly different. Mean effect size for survival rates was not significantly different (2.56 (95% CI 0.10; 5.01), I2 = 0%, P = 1). The funnel plots for all parameters were asymmetrical, which indicates possible publication bias or the presence of systematic differences or inconsistencies among studies. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that medicinal plants could enhance immunity and disease resistance in tilapia, African catfish, carp, and trout. These findings reinforce the observation that plant supplements can be used to prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture. It is therefore recommended that freshwater fish farmers in African regions such as Southern Africa learn to produce their own diets supplemented with plants at their farms in order to prevent diseases in cultured fish.
Development of a constraint stabilization method of multibody systems based on fuzzy logic control
Authors: Nada Ayman , Bayoumi Mona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe numerical solution of multibody systems is not a straightforward problem. The formulation of the equations of motion is augmented with the constraint equations that lead to a set of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). These constraints govern the relative motion between the system’s components at the position level (geometric constraints) and may restrict the velocity of particular components (rolling constraints). There are several factors that determine the effectiveness of numerical integration methods and the extent of their applicability owing to the various motion circumstances. These factors include numerical stability throughout the integration and computation time, as well as allowable error percentage and the length of simulation time. In this regard, this research examines existing approaches for constraint stabilization during numerical integration and introduces a new methodology based on fuzzy control algorithm, whose coefficients are independent of the dynamic characteristics of different systems. Schematics of the new methodology are presented; two examples of spatial multibody systems with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints are solved to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It can be concluded that fuzzy control contributes an excellent solution for generic system configuration and is suitable for lengthy simulations with minimal computation time.
Emotional abilities and art experience in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Coelho Sara , Vendrell Ferran Íngrid , Stephan Achim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In contrast to mainstream accounts which explain the aesthetic experience of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of cognitive abilities, this paper suggests as an alternative explanation the “emotional abilities approach”. We present an example of a person with ASD who is able to exercise a variety of emotional abilities in aesthetic contexts but who has difficulties exhibiting their equivalents in interpersonal relations. Using an autobiographical account, we demonstrate first that there is at least one precedent where a person with ASD can exercise a series of emotional abilities when engaging with art works. Second, we offer also an explanation about why aesthetic contexts might enable this person to exercise emotional abilities which in interpersonal contexts seem to be blocked.
Identification of CBL and CIPK Gene Families and Functional Characterization of PvCIPK7 as an Essential Regulator of Root Nodule Development and Nitrogen Fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Arthikala Manoj-Kumar , Blanco Lourdes , Alvarado-Affantranger Xóchitl , Márquez-Guzmán Judith , Lara Miguel , Nanjareddy Kalpana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as Ca2+ sensors and activate CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form CBL-CIPK complexes, crucial for plant signal transduction and stress perception. Nevertheless, their functions in root nodule symbiosis (RNS) are largely unexplored. Herein, we classified previously identified SnRK3s as CIPKs and identified 10 CBLs in Phaseolus vulgaris. Additionally, we conducted a functional characterization of PvCIPK7 to acquire a comprehensive understanding of its involvement in RNS in P. vulgaris. Transcript downregulation of PvCIPK7 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly affected primary and lateral root growth and density. During symbiosis, PvCIPK7-RNAi roots showed a reduction in infection events, nodule numbers, and, nodule size was significantly reduced. The cross section of PvCIPK7-RNAi nodule revealed a loss of nodule organization, a reduction in the number of symbiosomes in infected cells, and a failure of Rhizobium bacteria to differentiate into bacteroids. This severely affected the nitrogen-fixing ability of PvCIPK7-RNAi nodules, as evidenced by downregulated symbiosis-specific genes and genes related to nitrogen fixation. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the CIPK7 promoter revealed symbiosis-associated expression in the early stages. In conclusion, PvCIPK7 is indispensable for root nodule development, bacterial differentiation, and, consequently, nitrogen fixation during the symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and P. vulgaris.
Spectral properties of generalized Cesàro operators in sequence spaces
Authors: Albanese Angela A. , Bonet José , Ricker Werner J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe generalized Cesàro operators$$C_t$$Ct, for$$t\in [0,1]$$t∈[0,1], were first investigated in the 1980s. They act continuously in many classical Banach sequence spaces contained in$${{\mathbb {C}}}^{{{\mathbb {N}}}_0}$$CN0, such as$$\ell ^p$$ℓp,$$c_0$$c0,c,$$bv_0$$bv0,bvand, as recently shown in Curbera et al. (J Math Anal Appl 507:31, 2022) [26], also in the discrete Cesàro spacesces(p) and their (isomorphic) dual spaces$$d_p$$dp. In most cases$$C_t$$Ct($$t\not =1$$t≠1) is compact and its spectra and point spectrum, together with the corresponding eigenspaces, are known. We study these properties of$$C_t$$Ct, as well as their linear dynamics and mean ergodicity, when they act in certain non-normable sequence spaces contained in$${{\mathbb {C}}}^{{{\mathbb {N}}}_0}$$CN0. Besides$${{\mathbb {C}}}^{{{\mathbb {N}}}_0}$$CN0itself, the Fréchet spaces considered are$$\ell (p+)$$ℓ(p+),$$ces(p+)$$ces(p+)and$$d(p+)$$d(p+), for$$1\le p<\infty $$1≤p<∞, as well as the (LB)-spaces$$\ell (p-)$$ℓ(p-),$$ces(p-)$$ces(p-)and$$d(p-)$$d(p-), for$$1<p\le \infty $$1<p≤∞.
Dynamics in the Vicinity of the Stable Halo Orbits
Authors: Lujan David , Scheeres Daniel J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work presents a study of the dynamics in the vicinity of the stable L2 halo orbits in the Earth-Moon system of the circular restricted three-body problem. These solutions include partially elliptic, partially hyperbolic, and elliptic quasi-halo orbits. The first two types of orbits are 2-dimensional quasi-periodic tori, whereas the elliptic orbits are 3-dimensional quasi-periodic tori. Motivated by the Lunar Gateway, this work computes these orbits to explore the 3-parameter family of solutions lying in the vicinity of the stable halo orbits. An algorithm is presented to quantify the size of the invariant surfaces which gives perspective on the size of the orbits. A stability bifurcation is detected where the partially elliptic tori become partially hyperbolic. A nonlinear behavior of the Jacobi constant is observed which differs from the behavior of the quasi-halo orbits emanating from the unstable halo orbits which makeup the majority of the quasi-halo family. Uses of the orbits in the vicinity of the stable L2 halo orbits are identified, and the results highlight characteristics and structure of the family to broaden the understanding of the dynamical structure of the circular restricted three-body problem.
Rethinking the Alternatives: Food Sovereignty as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Byaruhanga Ronald , Isgren Ellinor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe concept of food sovereignty is primarily taken as an alternative to the prevailing neoliberal food security model. However, the approach has hitherto not received adequate attention from policy makers. This could be because the discourse is marked by controversies and contradictions, particularly regarding its ability to address the challenges of feeding a rapidly growing global population. In response to these criticisms, this paper argues that the principles of food sovereignty, such as democratic and transparent food systems, agroecology, and local market prioritization, should be fundamental pillars for achieving sustainable food security. It acknowledges that neither food sovereignty nor food security models alone can guarantee long-term food security, thus advocating for a blended approach that integrates these perspectives into a complex and interconnected system. This paper makes three significant contributions to the existing literature. Firstly, it emphasizes that food sovereignty should be seen as an integral component of transforming food systems towards sustainability, rather than a complete departure from neoliberal food systems. Secondly, it highlights the importance of adopting a multi-scalar approach, where decisions and policies for transforming food systems are context-specific and tailored to local circumstances. Lastly, the paper recognizes the necessity of institutional transformations that involve nation-states, social movements, and civil society organizations as key actors in the process of food system transformation. By reframing the discussion on food sovereignty and its relationship with food security, this paper provides insights into how these concepts can be mutually reinforcing, leading to more sustainable and equitable food systems.
Characterizing a Time–Memory Tradeoff Against PudgyTurtle
Authors: August David A. , Smith Anne C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPudgyTurtle is not a cipher, but rather an alternative way to utilize the keystream in binary-additive stream-cipher cryptosystems. Instead of modulo-2 adding the keystream to the plaintext, PudgyTurtle uses the keystream to encode 4-bit groups of plaintext, and then to encipher each codeword. One goal of PudgyTurtle is to make time–memory tradeoff attacks more difficult. Here, we investigate one such attack (a modification of the well-known Babbage–Golić method), and show that its time-complexity is harder on average than an analogous tradeoff attack against a standard binary-additive stream cipher; may approach that of a ’brute-force’ attack; can be reduced by certain parameter choices; and can be formulated in terms of a probability distribution which is amenable to simulation.
Finite subgroups of automorphisms of K3 surfaces
Authors: Brandhorst Simon , Hofmann Tommy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe give a complete classification of finite subgroups of automorphisms of K3 surfaces up to deformation. The classification is in terms of Hodge theoretic data associated to certain conjugacy classes of finite subgroups of the orthogonal group of the K3 lattice. The moduli theory of K3 surfaces, in particular the surjectivity of the period map and the strong Torelli theorem allow us to interpret this datum geometrically. Our approach is computer aided and involves Hermitian lattices over number fields.
Manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer using active surface deformations
Authors: Gibeau Bradley , Ghaemi Sina 
Published: June 2023

We experimentally evaluate whether active wall-normal surface deformations are suitable for the targeted control of very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) in a turbulent boundary layer at a friction Reynolds number of

$Re_\tau =2600$

. Circular surface deformations with a diameter

$D$

roughly equal to the boundary layer thickness

$\delta$

are generated periodically at a constant amplitude of

$0.03\delta$

and at actuation frequencies of

$St=0.05$

to 0.20, where

$St$

is the Strouhal number based on

$D$

and the free stream velocity

$U_\infty$

. The resulting impact on the flow was captured using high-speed particle image velocimetry and analysed using a triple decomposition. We find that the active surface deformations produce high- and low-speed streamwise velocity fluctuations that are concentrated along the centreline of the actuator. These motions have a negligible impact on the mean velocity profile downstream, i.e. they are truly high and low speed with respect to the unactuated base flow. The motions produced at

$St\lesssim 0.1$

are comparable to synthetic VLSMs in terms of their lengths and widths but with a reduced wall-normal extent and rapidly decaying strength. These synthetic motions produce a strong modulation of the turbulence similar to that of the naturally occurring VLSMs. Most notably, we observe that synthetic high-speed motions with magnitudes of the order of

$0.05U_\infty$

cause up to a 30 % reduction in turbulence production within the logarithmic layer. The strength and turbulence-modulating characteristics of the synthetic motions appear well suited for targeting the naturally occurring VLSMs locally using a control scheme.
Effect of body composition on the athletic performance of soccer referees
Authors: Ilhan Azad , Muniroglu Surhat , Rakıcıoğlu Neslişah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in improving sports performance. The present study aimed at nutritional assessment and examined the relationship between athletic performance and body composition in soccer referees at different levels. The study participants were 120 male soccer referees. 5, 10 and 30 metres (m) sprint tests to measure speed and cooper test for physical fitness were applied in the referees. Participants were divided into two groups as city and class soccer referee. The anthropometric measurements, excluding fat mass (FM) (%), were higher in class referees. Fat mass (%) differences (14⋅1 ± 4⋅28 v. 12⋅3 ± 4⋅41) were statistically significant (P < 0⋅05). Daily energy and nutrient intakes were similar. The inadequacy percentages of energy, vitamin A and calcium were the highest (29⋅2, 30⋅0 and 34⋅2 %, respectively). It was found that a negative significant correlation between FM% and cooper test score (P < 0⋅01; r = −0⋅35), a positive significant correlation between FM% and 5, 10 and 30 m sprint test scores (P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅38; P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅38 and P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅48, respectively). Similarly, there was a negative significant correlation between waist circumference (WC) and cooper test score (P < 0⋅01; r = −0⋅31), a positive significant correlation between WC and 5, 10 and 30 m sprint test scores (P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅33; P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅40; P < 0⋅01, r = 0⋅33, respectively). Nutritional recommendations for soccer referees should be made specific to the individual, considering body composition, training intensity and match frequency by a dietician.
Early stirrings of modern liberty in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Cavedon Matthew P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn a 2021 contribution to Politics and Religion, Jesse Russell wrote that St. Thomas Aquinas “had a decidedly illiberal view of a government.” He says Aquinas “advocates a government in which the people are not given public liberty” and did not “prepare the way for the mixed monarchy of the English constitution.” But Aquinas places the rule of moral law above politics, endorses participatory government, prioritizes reciprocal duties rather than coerced conformity, favors a mixed regime with democratic representation, and sanctions resistance to tyrants. Each idea is an important component of modern understandings of freedom. Liberal democracy as a constitutional arrangement, and its various philosophical defenses, postdate Aquinas by centuries. It would be anachronistic to cast him as their partisan. But neither was he a proto-reactionary: his political philosophy is congenial to free, limited government that belongs to the people.
The Role of Global Thunderstorm Activity in Modulating Global Cirrus Clouds
Authors: Saha J. , Price C. , Guha A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCirrus clouds provide a significant radiative forcing on the Earth's climate system. This paper looks at the connection in space and time between monthly mean lightning activity observed from the Lightning Imaging Sensor on board the International Space Station, and the global monthly mean cirrus cloud cover obtained from the MERRA‐2 reanalysis product. The correlation coefficient between the global monthly mean cloud optical thickness of the cirrus clouds (clouds at altitudes above the 400 hPa pressure levels) with the monthly mean lightning flash counts is 0.84, implying that monthly mean lightning can explain 70% of monthly variability of the global high cloud optical thickness. In addition, lightning amount explains nearly 60% of the monthly mean global area coverage of cirrus clouds. Given these statistically significant connections between lightning and cirrus clouds, we propose using global lightning data as an additional tool for monitoring monthly variability of cirrus clouds.
Deep learning enables nanoscale X-ray 3D imaging with limited data
Authors: Zhao Chonghang , Yan Hanfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep neural network can greatly improve tomography reconstruction with limited data. A recent effort of combining ptycho-tomography model with the 3D U-net demonstrated a significant reduction in both the number of projections and computation time, and showed its potential for integrated circuit imaging that requires high-resolution and fast measurement speed.
Upf3a but not Upf1 mediates the genetic compensation response induced by leg1 deleterious mutations in an H3K4me3-independent manner
Authors: Xie Aixuan , Ma Zhipeng , Wang Jinyang , Zhang Yuxi , Chen Yayue , Yang Chun , Chen Jun , Peng Jinrong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetic compensation responses (GCRs) can be induced by deleterious mutations in living organisms in order to maintain genetic robustness. One type of GCRs, homology-dependent GCR (HDGCR), involves transcriptional activation of one or more homologous genes related to the mutated gene. In zebrafish, ~80% of the genetic mutants produced by gene editing technology failed to show obvious phenotypes. The HDGCR has been proposed to be one of the main reasons for this phenomenon. It is triggered by mutant mRNA bearing a premature termination codon and has been suggested to depend on components of both the nonsense mRNA-mediated degradation (NMD) pathway and the complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS). However, exactly which specific NMD factor is required for HDGCR remains disputed. Here, zebrafish leg1 deleterious mutants are adopted as a model to distinguish the role of the NMD factors Upf1 and Upf3a in HDGCR. Four single mutant lines and three double mutant lines were produced. The RNA-seq data from 71 samples and the ULI-NChIP-seq data from 8 samples were then analyzed to study the HDGCR in leg1 mutants. Our results provide strong evidence that Upf3a, but not Upf1, is essential for the HDGCR induced by nonsense mutations in leg1 genes where H3K4me3 enrichment appears not to be a prerequisite. We also show that Upf3a is responsible for correcting the expression of hundreds of genes that would otherwise be dysregulated in the leg1 deleterious mutant.
Multi-Modal Mobility Morphobot (M4) with appendage repurposing for locomotion plasticity enhancement
Authors: Sihite Eric , Kalantari Arash , Nemovi Reza , Ramezani Alireza , Gharib Morteza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRobot designs can take many inspirations from nature, where there are many examples of highly resilient and fault-tolerant locomotion strategies to navigate complex terrains by recruiting multi-functional appendages. For example, birds such as Chukars and Hoatzins can repurpose wings for quadrupedal walking and wing-assisted incline running. These animals showcase impressive dexterity in employing the same appendages in different ways and generating multiple modes of locomotion, resulting in highly plastic locomotion traits which enable them to interact and navigate various environments and expand their habitat range. The robotic biomimicry of animals’ appendage repurposing can yield mobile robots with unparalleled capabilities. Taking inspiration from animals, we have designed a robot capable of negotiating unstructured, multi-substrate environments, including land and air, by employing its components in different ways as wheels, thrusters, and legs. This robot is called the Multi-Modal Mobility Morphobot, or M4 in short. M4 can employ its multi-functional components composed of several actuator types to (1) fly, (2) roll, (3) crawl, (4) crouch, (5) balance, (6) tumble, (7) scout, and (8) loco-manipulate. M4 can traverse steep slopes of up to 45 deg. and rough terrains with large obstacles when in balancing mode. M4 possesses onboard computers and sensors and can autonomously employ its modes to negotiate an unstructured environment. We present the design of M4 and several experiments showcasing its multi-modal capabilities.
Gender differences in the intention to study math increase with math performance
Authors: Breda Thomas , Jouini Elyès , Napp Clotilde 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEven though females currently outnumber males in higher education, they remain largely underrepresented in math-related fields of study, with no sign of improvement during the past decades. To better understand which students drive this underrepresentation, we use PISA 2012 data on 251,120 15-year-old students in 61 countries to analyse boys’ and girls’ educational intentions along the ability distribution on math assessment tests. We analyze the percentages of boys and girls intending to pursue math-related studies or careers as a function of math performance. First, we show that for both boys and girls, there is a positive and linear relation between the probability of intending to pursue math and math performance. Second, the positive relation is stronger among boys than among girls. In particular, the gender gap in student intentions to pursue math-related studies or careers is close to zero among the poorest performers in math and increases steadily with math performance. Third, as a consequence, the gender gap in math performance, to the detriment of girls, is larger among students intending to pursue math than in the general student population.