bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day-night differences in δ18O and d-excess of convective rainfall in the inland tropics of Brazil
Authors: Santos Vinícius , Gastmans Didier , Durán-Quesada Ana Maria , Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo , Rozanski Kazimierz , Kracht Oliver , Quintão Demilson Assis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The tropical central-southern part of Brazil (CSB) is characterized by strong convective systems that bring generous water supply for agro-industrial activities but also pose flood risks for large cities. Here, we present high-frequency (5-10 minutes) rainfall isotopic compositions to better understand those systems. In total, 260 intra-event samples representing 18 rainfall events were collected during the period 2019-2021. In summer, convective rainfall activity modulates regional and local isotopic characteristics, revealing a novel perspective on day-night contrast in δ18O and d-excess values. During the daytime, enhanced sub-cloud effects are related to high δ18O and low d-excess, while at night-time, continuous regional rainout results in more depleted δ18O and high d-excess values. Our results offer a new framework of key drivers controlling the isotopic variability of rainfall across the tropics.
Predictive value of NoSAS questionnaire combined with the modified Mallampati grade for hypoxemia during routine sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Nana Li , Wu Junbei , Lu Yunhong , Zhang Jigang , Sun Zhaochu , Liu Cunming , cao xiaofei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUNDː
To date, there is no recognized simple method to predict hypoxemia in digestive endoscopic anesthesia, and the utility of the NoSAS questionnaire, an objective and simple assessment scale, used to assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), combined with the modified Mallampati grade (MMP) in screening for hypoxemia during routine sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
METHODSː
A total of 2207 patients admitted to our hospital for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. All patients were measured for age, height, weight, body mass index, neck circumference, snoring, MMP, and other parameters. Patients were divided into hypoxemia and non-hypoxemia groups based on intraoperative oxygen saturation of less than 95% for 10 s. The ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the screening value of the NoSAS questionnaire separately and combined with MMP for hypoxemia. The total NoSAS score was evaluated at cut-off points of 8 and 9.
RESULTSː
With a NoSAS score ≥ 8 as the critical value for analysis, the sensitivity for hypoxemia was 58.3%, the specificity was 88.4%, and the area under the ROC was 0.734 ( P < 0.001, 95%CI:0.708–0.759). With a NoSAS score ≥ 9 as a critical value, the sensitivity for hypoxemia was 36.50%, the specificity rose to 96.16%, and the area under the ROC was 0.663 ( P < 0.001, 95% CI:0.639–0.688). With the NoSAS Score combined with the MMP for analysis, the sensitivity was 78.4%, the specificity was 84%, the area under the ROC was 0.859 ( P < 0.001, 95% CI:0.834–0.883).
CONCLUSIONSː
As a new screening tool, the NoSAS questionnaire is simple, convenient, and has a certain screening value for hypoxemia. Combined with the modified Mallampati grade (MMP), it can obviously improve the screening sensitivity of hypoxemia and has a higher application value.
PFDI: A Precise Fruit disease Identification Model based on Context Data Fusion with Faster-CNN in Edge Computing Environment
Authors: Dhiman Poonam , M Poongodi , Lilhore Umesh Kumar , AlQahtani Salman A. , Kaur Amandeep , Iwendi Celestine , alsekait Deema mohammed , Raahemifar Kaamran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fruits have a significant impact on everyday living i.e., citrus fruits. Numerous fruits have a solid nutritious value and are packed with multivitamins and trace components. Citrus fruits are delicate, so they are susceptible to many diseases and infections. Many researchers have suggested various deep learning and machine learning based fruit disease detection and classification models. In this research we are presenting precise fruit disease identification (PFDI) model based on context data fusion with Faster-CNN in edge computing environment. The goal is to develop a precise, efficient, and trustable fruit disease detection model, which is a critical component of an autonomous food production in robotic edge platform. This research examines and explores four different diseases of citrus fruits using CNN deep learning models to be adopted as edge computing solution. Identification of citrus diseases namely cankers black spot, greening, scab, melanose, and healthy citrus fruits are implemented using the proposed sequential model without pruning, with pruning having different sparsity level followed by post quantization. Through transfer learning method, we optimize this model for the assignment of fruit disease detection employing visuals from two patterns: Near-infrared (NIFR) and RGB. For integrating multi-model (NIFR and RGB) facts, early and late data fusion techniques are evaluated. The accuracy obtained from the proposed model for the canker disease is 97%,scab 95%, melanose 99% ,Greening 97%,Black spot 97% and for healthy 97%. In this paper we compared and evaluated the results of proposed model with the sparsity levels of 50–80%, 60–90%, 70–90%, 80–90% pruning and also obtained the results of post-quantization on each level. The results show that the size of the model with 60–90% pruning can be counteracted to the 47.64 of the baseline model without significant loss of accuracy. Moreover, post quantization can further reduces the of 60–90% pruning from 28.16 to 8.72. In addition to enhanced precision, the above initiative is much faster to implement for new fruits diseases because it needs bounding box annotation (BBA) instead of pixel-level annotation (PLA).
Assessing collision risk between humpback whales and multiple vessel fleets in Brazil
Authors: Portal Caroline , Bedriñana-Romano Luis , Andriolo Artur , Sucunza Federico , Zerbini Alexandre N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Increasing anthropogenic threats in the marine environment requires continued assessments of their potential effects on the marine megafauna. In recent years, ship strikes have become an important source of mortality to large whales. Here we integrated telemetry and traffic data to assess vessel collision risk on humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off the central coast of Brazil between 2016 and 2019. A state-space model was used to account for observation error and to regularize telemetry data. Residence time and proportion of time spent at the surface (i.e., the upper 10m layer of the water column) by whales combined with fleet-specific vessel density were used as proxies to estimate the relative probability of vessels encountering whales available to a collision. We also identified areas where potential encounters were likely to inflict lethal injuries on whales based on vessel length and speed. The cargo fleet was the most densely distributed, and along with the tanker fleet, represent a great concern to humpback whales in Brazil. A higher risk of collision was recorded on the Abrolhos Bank, the main breeding ground for this population. By incorporating comprehensive whale- and vessel-related information, this study highlights the importance of spatially explicit risk assessments for the conservation of humpback whales in Brazil.
Characterizations and environmental impacts of exhaust of non-road vehicles
Authors: Li Hsing-Wang , Peng Yen-Ping , Lai Chia-Hsiang , Lin Yi-Ching , Chien Po-Yen , Chen Wei-Hsiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Non-road vehicles equipped with diesel engine could emit air pollutants. This study measured particulate matters (PM) and gaseous pollutants of the exhaust of the non-road vehicles (excavator, bulldozers) during idling and operating. The concentrations of TPM, PM10 and PM2.5 were 14-251, 12-181 and 10-163 mg/Nm3, respectively, for three on-road vehicles. The PM10 occupy 60-70％ of TPM, while PM2.5 occupy 80-90％ of PM10. The calculated emission factors were 0.64 - 0.94, 0.53 - 0.79 and 0.32 -0.49 g/bhp-hr for TPM, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Metallic elements of PM were analyzed in order to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The results showed that the emission of total metallic elements from the excavator and two bulldozers are 2.711 and 7.922-22.618 mg/m3, respectively, and the dominant components are Zn, Fe and Al. Total carcinogenic risk of Cd and Pb decreased from 0.094´10-6 to 0.013´10-6 by increasing the distances from three non-road vehicles and the non-carcinogenic risk of both Cd and Pb are lower than the limits (HQ=1), which is considered an acceptable risk.
Risk factors of breast malignant lesions in patients with ultrasound BI-RADS 3, 4a and 4b undergoing Mammotome minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Zhu Yue , Chen Xingyan , Dou He , Liu Yuqi , Xiao Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To sort out the basic data and imaging examination results of the patients who underwent the Mammotome minimally invasive surgery, and explore the high-risk underlying factors related to cancerization, in order to optimize the minimally invasive surgery population, and reduce the malignant rate.
Methods
A total of 1188 female patients who came to our hospital from November 2016 to August 2021 for the Mammotome minimally invasive surgery were analyzed retrospectively. According to the inclusion criteria, the clinical data of 1158 patients and 2164 lesions were finally obtained. We summarized the benign and malignant lesions of BI-RADS category 3, BI-RADS category 4a and BI-RADS category 4b by conventional ultrasound, and got 1562, 578 and 24 lesions respectively. By analyzing the clinical basic data, imaging features and pathological diagnosis of patients, the differences between benign and malignant lesions of these three types were evaluated.
Results
The malignant rates of BI-RADS category 3, BI-RADS category 4a and BI-RADS category 4b patients who underwent the Mammotome minimally invasive surgery were 0.6%(9/1562), 6.4%(37/578) and 8.3%(2/24) respectively. According to statistics, the age of patients with BI-RADS category 3 is generally younger than that of patients with category 4a and category 4b. Comparing all the three types of lesions in pairs, we found that there were statistical differences in the presence or absence of blood flow signals and the status of calcified lesions, among which category 4b blood flow signal accounted for the highest proportion. Among the category 3 of lesions, we also found that the age of menarche in patients with malignant lesions is younger compared with benign lesions. In category 4a lesions, the patients with malignant lesions were older and mainly concentrated between 40 and 50 years old, and the maximum diameter of the lesions was larger. Whether it is category 3 or category 4a malignant lesions, mammography shows that the incidence of category 4a and multifocal calcification is higher.
Conclusion
Combined with the clinical data and imaging examination results, BI-RADS category 3 patients have excellent results in choosing Mammotome minimally invasive surgery. Patients with BI-RADS category 4a should be alert to the following factors, including age between 40 and 50, older menarche age, lesion site in the outer upper quadrant, mammography grade of 4a or above, and presence of calcification. Minimally invasive surgery is not recommended for patients diagnosed as BI-RADS category 4b.
Active Vibration Suppression of Flexible Satellite With Appointed Time Convergence
Authors: Li Danyu , Zhang Liang , Xu Shijie , Li Yuan , Cui Naigang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an appointed time active vibration suppression controller is studied for flexible satellite with piezoelectric actuators. Firstly, a piecewise sliding mode controller with the appointed time is designed to guarantee that the attitude error converges at the appointed time. The convergence time of the model can be set with a prior parameter. Secondly, a modal observer is used to estimate the vibration of the flexible elastic modal, and an active vibration suppression controller is designed to converge at a predefined time. The stability of the two controllers is demonstrated by a Lyapunov theory. The Simulink simulation framework is eventually established, and the numerical simulation results of various data demonstrate the appointed time convergence of the proposed controller. Compared with adaptive sliding mode and nonsingular terminal sliding mode, the controller can achieve higher precision control with less energy consumption.
Influence of Process Parameters on Joint Characteristics in Friction Stir Welding of Al/Cu Dissimilar Materials for Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: Go Bum-Su , Park Dong-Min , Bang Han-Sur , Bang Hee-Seon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The dissimilar lap joining of 1050 Al alloy with thickness of 0.5 mm and commercial pure copper with thickness of 1.0 mm has been carried out by Friction Stir Welding (FSW). The influence of process parameters on Al-Cu dissimilar joint characteristics was investigated. The tensile-shear test results indicated that a higher heat input with increasing rotational speed and decreasing travel speed contributed to a higher tensile-shear load. The maximum tensile-shear load of the Al-Cu dissimilar joint was 913 N when obtained under a rotational speed of 600 rpm and a travel speed of 60 mm/min. According to the Al-Cu joint electrical resistance test, the minimum electrical resistance value was about 70 µΩ, which corresponded with the maximum tensile shear load. It can be inferred that the defect-free welded joint and sufficient joining area contributed to smooth current flow.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on PEM Fellowship Training
Authors: Ngo Thuy L. , Caglar Derya , Yanek Lisa , Baghdassarian Aline , Eckerle Michelle , Fang Andrea , Nagler Joshua , Rose Jerri A. , Tavarez Melissa M. , Benedict Frances Turcotte , Langhan Melissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground The COVID-19 pandemic led to training programs abruptly stopping in-person learning and redesigning curricula. Trainees had decreased patient contact time and use of telehealth visits became more prominent. Trainee well-being became even more vital with social isolation and fears of infecting loved ones increased. Our study evaluated impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship programs, including effects on fellows’ clinical, didactic, and research experiences, and effects on fellows’ well-being. Methods Two surveys were developed using an iterative process, 1 for program leadership and 1 for fellows. Survey questions reflected the objectives of this study. Surveys were distributed a total of 3 times in 2-week intervals. Program directors (PDs) were asked to forward the fellow survey to their fellows. Survey responses were anonymous. Surveys were completed online using Qualtrics software between March 17, 2021 and April 19, 2021. Results PDs had a 56.8% (50/88) response rate, fellows 34.6% (144/416). All PDs reported a decrease in pediatric patient volumes during the height of the pandemic. Most common responses included change in rotations and block schedules, didactics moving to a virtual platform, increased frequency of speakers from outside the institution, fellows being able to participate in COVID-related research, and additional mental health services for providers. PDs and trainees report being required to provide service to COVID patients outside of a pediatric ED, commonly the adult ED and medical intensive care units. Conclusion The impact of COVID-19 on fellowship training remains unclear. Decreases in pediatric patient volumes, canceled electives, taking care of adults, and altering didactics/conferences in accordance to CDC guidelines may have adversely affected training. Future research might assess pandemic-related differences on in-training exam scores or how prepared fellows feel for unsupervised practice.
UBE4B Phosphorylation is Essential to Stabilize p53 in Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Abuetabh Yasser , Wu H. Helena , Yousef Habib Al , Persad Sujata , Eisenstat David D. , Sergi Consolato M. , Leng Roger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a fundamental role in the detection and eradication of different oncogenic insults by promoting cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis. UBE4B is crucial for negatively regulating p53 during homeostasis and after DNA damage. We previously demonstrated that UBE4B targets phosphorylated p53 for degradation in response to DNA damage. However, the regulation of UBE4B in response to DNA damage in cancer is unknown. Here, we show that the UBE4B protein is regulated through a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism in response to DNA damage. The phosphorylation of UBE4B decreased its affinity binding to p53 and led to the accumulation of p53. Furthermore, Wip1 dephosphorylation of UBE4B stabilizes the activity of the UBE4B protein in response to DNA damage. UBE4B is predominantly phosphorylated by upstream ATR-mediated signaling, which decreasesaffinity binding of UBE4B-p53 and leads to the accumulation and activation of p53. Inhibition of Wip1 led to a significant increase in UBE4B phosphorylation, accumulation of p53, and inhibition of cell growth. Understanding how UBE4B is regulated in cancer cells in response to DNA-damaging agents may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
Climate Migrants or Climate Refugees? Danes’ Attitudes to Whether Climate Migrants Should Have the Right to Apply for Asylum
Authors: Hedegaard Troels Fage 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As climate changes increase in rate and intensity so will the number of people displaced from their homelands by climate events. This will in inevitably lead to the question of whether European countries should allow this group to apply for asylum. This will matter significantly for their chances of being granted a temporary or permanent stay. Despite sometimes being referred to as ‘climate refugees’ then people who are displaced by weather events are not protected under UN rules about asylum. Therefore, it would require public support to change policies towards this group. Using Denmark as a case for this I show that there is no support for giving climate migrants the right to apply for asylum. I also show that the resistance towards this is biggest among Danes with climate sceptic values, who vote for more right-leaning parties, and who worry about the number of climate migrants.
Energy recovery optimization by means of a turbine in a pressure regulation node of a real water network through a data-driven digital twin
Authors: Sinagra Marco , Creaco Enrico , Morreale Gabriele , Tucciarelli Tullio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, various devices have been proposed for pressure regulation and energy recovery in water distribution and transport networks. To provide a real net benefit, they require a dedicated long-distance management system in order to carry on both hydraulic regulation and electricity production without direct human manual operations. This work presents a new proposal for the management of a pressure regulation system based on the PRS turbine. The proposal is applied to a real water distribution network, named Montescuro Ovest pipeline, at the San Giovannello station. The real time control (RTC) logic currently applied at San Giovannello station is first presented and discussed. A new advanced real time control (ARTC) logic is then proposed, based on direct configuration of the turbine and the surrounding valves as computed by the solution of an optimization problem. In ARTC a digital twin, including the hydraulic model of the surrounding network, provides a one-to-one relationship between the configuration parameters and the state variables, i.e. flow rates and pressures. The digital twin model equations are continuously updated on the basis of the recorded measures. Besides providing almost identical performance to the current RTC logic in the current operational scenario, the improved ARTC is more robust, in that it guarantees better hydropower generation in modified operational scenarios, as shown in specific tests.
A rising tide that lifts all boats: Long-term effects of the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend on poverty
Authors: Berman Matthew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Although not designed as a social program to redistribute income, the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD) program has been reducing relative income inequality for the past 40 years by providing equal annual payments to nearly all state residents. We examine specifically the direct effects of the PFD on Alaska poverty rates over the past several decades, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations: children, elders, and Indigenous peoples. Since children of all ages may receive a PFD, accurate measurement of the effect of the PFD requires adjusting for the under-reporting of income of children in government surveys generating official poverty statistics. After adjusting individual incomes of US Census and American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) households, we find that the PFD reduced Alaska poverty rates from 2.1 to 4.2 percentage points from 1990 through 2019. The effect of the PFD on ameliorating poverty has been even larger for vulnerable Alaska populations. The PFD has reduced poverty rates of rural Indigenous Alaskans from 28 percent to less than 22 percent. The PFD has also played an important role in alleviating of poverty among seniors and children. Aside from the special case of 2020, as much as 50 percent more Alaska children – 15 percent instead of 10 percent – would be living in poor families without PFD income. The poverty-ameliorating effects of the PFD have lessened somewhat since 2000, as the dividend amount adjusted for inflation has been falling.
The YAP-TEAD complex promotes senescent cell survival by lowering endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Anerillas Carlos , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , Herman Allison , Munk Rachel , Lam Gabriel , Calvo-Rubio Miguel , Garrido Amanda , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Martindale Jennifer , Altes Gisela , Rossi Martina , Piao Yulan , Fan Jinshui , Cui Chang-Yi , De Supriyo , Abdelmohsen Kotb , de Cabo Rafael , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sublethal cell damage can trigger a complex adaptive program known as senescence, characterized by growth arrest, resistance to apoptosis, and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). As senescent cells accumulating in aging organs are linked to many age-associated diseases, senotherapeutic strategies are actively sought to eliminate them. Here, a whole-genome CRISPR knockout screen revealed that proteins in the YAP-TEAD pathway influenced senescent cell viability. Accordingly, treating senescent cells with a drug that inhibited this pathway, Verteporfin (VPF), selectively triggered apoptotic cell death and derepressed DDIT4, in turn inhibiting mTOR. Reducing mTOR function in senescent cells diminished endoplasmic reticulum (ER) biogenesis, causing ER stress and apoptosis due to high demands on ER function by the SASP. Importantly, VPF treatment decreased senescent cell numbers in the organs of old mice and mice exhibiting doxorubicin-induced senescence. We present a novel senolytic strategy that eliminates senescent cells by hindering ER activity required for SASP production.