bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hapten-specific B cell repertoire probed by hybridoma technology: selection and characterization of representative clonotypes from the antibody-forming cell pool.
Authors: Bloor A G , Jou Y , Hoeplinger C , Gartner J E , Mayers G L , Bankert R B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of this study, more than 3000 phthalate-specific antibody-forming cell hybrids were identified using the hybridoma technology. With the aid of a rapid screening assay and an extensive library of phthalate analogs, it was possible to assign selected hapten-specific clones to one of 11 distinct fine-specificity sets. This compartmentalization of the phthalate-specific hybridomas has made it possible to focus attention upon a single manageable portion of the phthalate-specific repertoire. Fourteen clones from a single fine-specificity set were selected for further immunochemical characterization. Five of these clones were found to secrete an antibody that was indistinguishable in isoelectric focusing. Affinity-purified, high-resolution anti-idiotype antibodies were prepared with specificity for the antibodies produced by one of these clones (i.e., 4C7). A major portion of the serologically defined private idiotype (4C7 IdI) was shown to be associated with the ligand-combining site. Our results indicate that the five clones that share a common spectrotype also express the 4C7 IdI. Two other independently derived clones from two distinct fusions also share this idiotype. The 4C7 IdI was also identified in affinity-purified anti-phthalate antibodies derived from a pool of phthalate-immune serum (conventional antibody) and from affinity-purified antibodies derived from a pool of serum from unimmunized BALB/c mice (natural antibody). The 4C7 IdI is thus considered to represent a repeating clonotype in the phthalate-specific repertoire of BALB/c mice, and will serve as one of several useful clonal markers that are being developed for studies of the mechanism regulating idiotype expression.
The capacity and mechanism of bone marrow antibody formation by thymus-independent antigens.
Authors: Koch G , Lok B D , van Oudenaren A , Benner R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Primary immunization of mice with certain thymus-independent (TI) antigens (i.e., TNP-LPS and DNP-Ficoll) leads to antibody formation in the bone marrow (BM). TNP-Brucella abortus, Pneumococcus pneumoniae organisms, and alpha-(1,6) dextran, on the other hand, do not induce a BM antibody-producing plaque-forming cell (PFC) response. This paper deals with the mechanism underlying antibody formation in the BM to TNP-LPS and DNP-Ficoll. The majority of the BM-localizing PFC induced by TNP-LPS are formed within the BM from the proliferating lymphocyte pool, because this response was found to be resistant to splenectomy and sensitive to treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) before immunization. This local activation of newly formed B cells requires in addition to the antigenic signal of TNP-LPS the mitogenic signal from the lipid A component of LPS. In contrast, the BM PFC response to DNP-ficoll was reduced in splenectomized mice and resistant to HU treatment before the primary immunization. Thus, antibody formation in the BM to DNP-Ficoll is mainly dependent on long-lived B cells that migrate from the peripheral lymphoid organs into the BM.
Immune recognition in the streptococcal carditis of mice: the role of macrophages in the generation of heart-reactive lymphocytes.
Authors: Dos Reis G A , Gaspar M I , Barcinski M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of immune T cells and of streptococcus-pulsed M phi in the production of cardiac lesions, as well as the ability of M phi to present streptococcal antigens to mouse lymphocytes, was investigated. Cells of mice infected with extracts of group A streptococcus were able to induce the appearance of heart lesions when transferred to syngeneic receptors as well as to transfer DTH reactions to syngeneic heart extracts. Streptococcus-pulsed M phi were also able to induce heart lesions and an increase in the serum CPK activity when injected into syngeneic receptors. This last phenomenon was only observed in mice aged 5 mo or more. Furthermore, it was shown in an in vitro model of T cell proliferation that peritoneal M phi pulsed with group A streptococci are able to induce a specific response to syngeneic cardiac extracts. M phi pulsed with group G streptococcus failed to induce such a response. Those findings are discussed as part of a model for the induction of rheumatic cardiac lesions in which M phi display a central role by selecting antigenic determinants from the pathogenic organism for presentation to immunocompetent cells.
Human serum-free mixed lymphocytes response: the stereospecific effect of insulin and its potentiation by transferrin.
Authors: Strom T B , Bangs J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have established a serum-free human mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). Proliferative unidirectional responses are discerned using peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from unrelated individuals and family members mismatched for HLA while MLR conducted between HLA identical siblings are negative. Resting lymphocytes lack insulin and transferrin receptors; activated lymphocytes are known to express insulin and transferrin receptors. Interestingly, physiologic concentrations of insulin and transferrin synergistically potentiate DNA synthesis in serum-free allogeneic cultures. To verify that the insulin effect was due to a stereospecific interaction between insulin and classical, high-affinity insulin receptors, insulin and a series of insulin-like peptides were compared in their ability to bind to alloactivated T cells and amplify the MLR. The results demonstrate the stereospecificity of the insulin effect in the MLR and underscore the importance of lymphocytic insulin receptors in the process of lymphocyte activation.
Thymus cell migration: cells migrating from thymus to peripheral lymphoid organs have a "mature" phenotype.
Authors: Scollay R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To gain information on the lineage relationship of cells leaving the thymus, we studied the phenotype of thymus emigrants within hours of their exit. The migrants were identified in the peripheral lymphoid organs by their fluorescence, 3 to 4 hr after intrathymic injection of a solution of fluorescein isothiocyanate, a technique that initially only labels thymocytes. Migrants identified in this way were analyzed with rhodamine-anti-Thy-1 or rhodamine peanut agglutinin (PNA). They were found to express Thy-1 antigen and PNA binding sites at levels very similar to those found on the majority of peripheral T cells or medullary thymocytes and quite different from cortical thymocytes. Taken together with our previous experiments on Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and H-2 levels, the data show that cells leaving the thymus are quite mature in phenotype and are indistinguishable from peripheral T cells by all the criteria examined.
The specificity of in vivo tolerance to haptens in NZB and normal mice after exposure to hapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells.
Authors: Cowdery J S , Laskin C A , Steinberg A D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have evaluated hapten-specific hyporesponsiveness induced by in vivo administration of TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC). Pretreatment of non-autoimmune mice led to hyporesponsiveness to challenge with either TNP or the closely related hapten DNP coupled to Ficoll. There was also a significant reduction of the direct PFC response after challenge with TNP-HGG. In tolerized mice challenged with TNP-HGG, the IgM portion of the serum response was similarly suppressed; however, the total serum antibody as well as the indirect PFC response was not suppressed. There was no tolerance at all when the mice were challenged with DNP-HGG. Thus, exposure to TNP-SC results in an incomplete form of hapten-specific B cell tolerance. This tolerance is selective for the IgM isotype and does not extend to the cross-reactive hapten DNP on a thymic-dependent carrier, although it does extend to a DNP on a thymic-independent carrier. Autoimmune NZB mice were defective with regard to tolerance after injection of hapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells. They did manifest a reduced direct PFC response to the challenge with TNP-Ficoll, but failed to demonstrate cross-tolerance to DNP-Ficoll challenge. Moreover, they did not have suppression of the hapten-specific IgM response after challenge with TNP on the thymic-dependent carrier. These abnormalities in tolerance induction in NZB mice to modified self may help to explain the loss of self-tolerance that occurs spontaneously and is expressed as autoimmune disease.
Expression of histoincompatibility antigens during spermatogenesis in the rat.
Authors: Söderström K O , Sege K , Andersson L C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of the AgB-SB and -LD (Ia-like) antigens on spermatogenic cells has been investigated by using a protein A-containing Staphylococcus Cowan I rosetting assay. The results show that the Ia-like antigens are present on all spermatogenic cells although the relative expression seems to decrease slightly concomitant with the differentiation. The AgB-SD antigens are detected on spermatogenia, leptotene, and zygotene spermatocytes but not on later developmental stages.
A phorbol ester (TPA) can replace macrophages in human lymphocyte cultures stimulated with a mitogen but not with an antigen.
Authors: Koretzky G A , Daniele R P , Nowell P C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) depleted of macrophages did not proliferate in response to the lectin mitogen PHA or to the soluble antigen of tetanus toxoid. These cells were able to respond to both mitogen and antigen if purified autologous macrophages were added back to the culture. The response to PHA was partially restored by supplementing the cultures with supernatants from LPS-stimulated macrophages or with partially purified human interleukin 1 (IL 1). The response to tetanus was not restored by reconstitution with these materials. The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), has been shown to have IL 1-like effects in other species and is a polyclonal activator of human T and B lymphocytes. In this study, we tested the ability of TPA to replace macrophages in human lymphocyte cultures stimulated with mitogen or with antigen. Small doses of TPA (50 ng/ml) completely replaced macrophages in the PHA-stimulated cultures; however, in doses of up to 400 ng/ml, TPA was not able to replace macrophages in cultures stimulated with tetanus. Thus, TPA appears to mimic the macrophage-replacing ability of soluble factors (IL 1, macrophage supernatants) in the triggering of human lymphocytes.
Macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis. III. Loss of susceptibility to macrophage-mediated killing during maturation of S. mansoni schistosomula from the skin to the lung stage.
Authors: Sher A , James S L , Simpson A J , Lazdins J K , Meltzer M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Newly transformed skin-stage and lung-stage schistosomula were compared in terms of their susceptibility to killing mediated by activated mouse macrophages in vitro. Although skin-stage schistosomula were readily killed by macrophages activated as a consequence of either BCG or Schistosoma mansoni infection and used either as cell monolayers or in suspension, lung-stage larvae appeared to be totally resistant to this effector mechanism and survived normally when reinjected into mice. Resistance of schistosomula to in vitro damage by macrophages was evident as early as 18 hr after host infection and was complete in worms recovered at 42 hr. The insusceptibility of lung-stage larvae is apparently not due to a defect in effector cell-target contact, because the induction of extensive macrophage adherence to the worms by the addition of anti-mouse red blood cell antisera to the cultures had no effect on parasite viability. These findings provide additional support for the concept that schistosomula during their development to the lung stage undergo a generalized change affecting their susceptibility to a variety of different immunologic effector mechanisms.
Inhibition of autologous rosette formation by monoclonal antibody to the sheep erythrocyte receptor.
Authors: Scheffel J W , Swartz S J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The commercial monoclonal HuLyT-3, and which recognizes a 55,000-dalton polypeptide associated with the receptor for SRBC on human T lymphocytes, was capable of blocking rosette formation between human T cells and autologous human RBC. Lysostripping of the T cell surface with HuLyT-3 abolished rosette formation with both sheep and autologous RBC. The data suggest that a common structure is involved in the spontaneous rosetting of both sheep and human RBC by human T cells.
Murine I-Ak alpha-chain subspecies with glycosylation differences.
Authors: Cowan E P , Schwartz B D , Cullen S E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In isolating homogeneous populations of murine Ia antigens by SDS-PAGE we have found that immunoprecipitated I-Ak molecules from whole spleen possess an electrophoretically heterogeneous population of alpha-chains. SDS-PAGE of 3H-mannose-labeled I-Ak immunoprecipitates revealed that the alpha-chain peak was divided into three regions (alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3), each of which migrated as a distinct individual band when isolated and reelectrophoresed. Only alpha 1 and alpha 2 labeled with 3H-fucose. Nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis excluded the possibility that any of the species was invariant chain, but rather suggested that the subspecies were structurally related and that alpha 3 has fewer sialic acid residues than alpha 1 and alpha 2. Sialic acid differences between alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 were further suggested by SDS-PAGE and by peptide mapping of neuraminidase-treated immunoprecipitates. Tryptic peptide maps of 3H-leucine-labeled alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 were identical, indicating that the polypeptide backbone of the molecules is the same for all subspecies. Our results suggest that alpha 1 and alpha 2 have fucose and sialic acid and thus possess complex type oligosaccharides, whereas alpha 3 lacks these sugars and possess high mannose-type saccharides. The potential relationships of the alpha-chain subspecies is discussed. In addition, we demonstrate the usefulness of high-pressure liquid chromatography in the isolation of glycopeptides for their subsequent analysis.U
Studies on the behavior of H-Y incompatible skin grafts in rats.
Authors: Chen H D , Silvers W K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies on the behavior of H-Y incompatible skin grafts in rats indicate that 1) there is considerable variation in the ability of females of different strains to reject male skin isografts; 2) small, male trunk skin isografts are more likely to be rejected than similarly sized ear or tail skin grafts; 3) other factors besides the MHC plan an important role in determining the ability of females to reject male skin isografts; 4) the ability of adult male skin grafts to induce unresponsiveness to H-Y depends upon their size (large grafts are more effective than small) and the genotype of the host; 5) even in those strains in which females usually accept small, male trunk skin isografts, such grafts are acutely rejected by sensitized females; and 6) the total amount of H-Y incompatible trunk skin the host is exposed to, rather than the size of each graft, determines their fate.
Biochemical comparison of MHC antigens isolated from mutant C3HfB/HeN and parent C3H/HeN mice.
Authors: Callahan G N , Martin W J , Pardi D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2K antigen heavy chains were isolated from C3HfB/HeN and C3H/HeN spleen cells by immunoprecipitation and high pressure liquid chromatography and were compared by tryptic peptide mapping. Glycopeptides obtained from 3H-glucosamine-labeled H-2Kk (C3H) and H-2Kkv1 (C3Hf) heavy chains were found to be identical, indicating that previously observed differences between the two molecules are due to alterations in amino acid sequence. I-A subregion antigen alpha- and beta-chains were also isolated from C3H and C3Hf spleen cells by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and were compared by tryptic peptide mapping analyses. Material isolated from 3H-glucosamine-labeled cells revealed that I-A alpha- and beta-chains were glycosylated, and antigens from C3H and C3Hf mice contained identical glycopeptides. Similar analyses of I-A antigen alpha- and beta-chains isolated from C3H and C3Hf spleen cells labeled with 3H-arginine or 3H-lysine revealed no differences in the amino acid sequences of the I-A antigens of these two strains. These findings indicate that all of the unique immunologic properties of mutant C3Hf cells can be attributed to modifications of the amino acid sequence of the MHC K locus gene product.
Receptors for IgA on rabbit lymphocytes. II. Characterization of their binding parameters for IgA.
Authors: Stafford H A , Knight K L , Fanger M W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity of rabbit receptors for IgA (RFc alpha) was investigated on lymphocytes isolated from the Peyer's patches and spleen. Specifically was determined by the inhibition of IgA rosette formation with intact and proteolytic fragments of rabbit and human secretory IgA (SIgA), human myeloma proteins, and secretory component. RFc alpha bound human SIgA as efficiently as rabbit SIgA. Of the human IgA tested, RFc alpha preferentially bound to the IgA2 subclass and most avidity to a multimeric IgA molecule. In addition., the site of the RFc alpha-IgA interactions was localized to the C alpha 2 domain in the Fc portion of IgA. RFc alpha on spleen lymphocytes showed the same pattern of binding specificity toward the human IgA subclasses as the RFc alpha on lymphocytes from Peyer's patches. However, differences between the spleen and Peyer's patches were observed in the interaction of RFc alpha and the rabbit IgA subclasses. RFc alpha on lymphocytes from the Peyer's patches bound the rabbit IgA-g subclass more efficiently than the rabbit IgA-f subclass, whereas the converse was true for the spleen RFc alpha. Human secretory component inhibited IgA but not IgG or IgM rosette formation as a result of its interaction with lymphocytes. These studies suggest: 1) that there may be two types of RFc alpha expressed by lymphocytes in certain tissues, and 2) that there are two closely associated receptors on the lymphocyte--one specific for secretory component and the other for structures within the C alpha 2 domain of IgA.
Mouse lymph node germinal centers contain a selected subset of T cells--the helper phenotype.
Authors: Rouse R V , Ledbetter J A , Weissman I L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cells staining for Lyt-1 are more frequent than cells staining for Lyt-2 in both primary follicles and the cuffs of secondary follicles; there is an even more striking predominance of cells bearing only Lyt-1 in germinal centers. In addition, there is an increase in the total percentage of cells bearing T cell antigens in germinal centers compared to primary follicles. These differences in phenotype and distribution of T cell populations indicate the T cells in B cell areas, and especially in germinal centers, are not randomly selected, but rather represent a specific subpopulation of T cells enriched for the helper phenotype (Lyt-1+2-), perhaps involved in the development and/or function of germinal centers.
Ipr gene control of the anti-DNA antibody response.
Authors: Pisetsky D S , Caster S A , Roths J B , Murphy E D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influence of the Ipr gene on the anti-DNA antibody response was investigated in MRL and B6 Ipr/Ipr inbred mice, MRL +/+ mice less than a yr of age produced low levels of anti-DNA antibody, whereas older animals of this strain demonstrated levels in some instances comparable to those of the more severely affected MRL Ipr/Ipr mice. This result indicates a tendency to autoreactivity in MRL mice independent of the Ipr gene. To determine whether other mice bearing the Ipr gene would also express autoantibodies, the anti-DNA antibody responses of B6 Ipr/Ipr mice were studied. This strain was development by matings to transfer the Ipr gene into another inbred background and allow evaluation of the action independent of other disturbances of the MRL mice. Mice of this strain produced antibodies to DNA, with female animals displaying significantly higher levels than males. This result demonstrates that the Ipr gene can stimulate autoantibody production in mice other than the MRL strain and does not require abnormalities unique to this background to potentiate autoreactivity.
Successful murine tumor allotransplantation after total lymphoid irradiation.
Authors: Hoppe R T , Dorie M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3H/Km (H-2k) mice were treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) (17 x 200 rad) and then were inoculated with 3 x 10(6) tumor cells from the EMT6 tumor cell line derived from the BALB/c (H-2d) mouse. One group of mice also received an i.v. infusion of BALB/c bone marrow (3 x 10(7) cells). Tumors in control animals (no TLI) became palpable within 10 days after inoculation, but subsequent tumor regression was rapid, with complete disappearance in all animals by 23 days. Initial tumor growth was exponential in both groups of mice treated with TLI, but tumors regressed after 30 days in the animals treated with TLI alone. In the group treated with TLI and bone marrow infusion exponential tumor growth continued until pulmonary metastases developed and all animals died. The TLI-treated mouse provides a model for tumor allografting. Further development of this model may demonstrate its efficacy in human tumor xenotransplantation.
Constitutive production of a unique lymphokine (IL 3) by the WEHI-3 cell line.
Authors: Lee J C , Hapel A J , Ihle J N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that conditioned media from Con A-stimulated splenocyte cultures contain a novel lymphokine termed IL 3. IL 3 is characterized by its ability to induce 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in spleen cells from young nu/nu mice. In search of a convenient source for biochemical and in vivo studies of this lymphokine, a number of established murine cell lines were screened for the constitutive and induced production of Il 3. It was found that WEHI-3 cells, originally designated as a myelomonocyte cell line, produced high levels of IL 3 constitutively. Added mitogen and/or phorbol acetate did not enhance the production of IL 3. Production of IL 3 varied among various sublines of WEHI-3. IL 3 purified from WEHI-3-conditioned media has biochemical and biologic characteristics identical to those obtained from Con A-conditioned media. WEHI-3 conditioned media, however, generally contained 100-fold higher levels of IL 3 than conditioned media from Con A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes.
Demonstration of primary cytotoxic T cells in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with mumps meningitis.
Authors: Kreth H W , Kress L , Kress H G , Ott H F , Eckert G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cryopreserved lymphocytes from venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 10 children with mumps meningitis were tested in 5-hr 51Cr-release assays against uninfected and mumps virus-infected PHA-blasts. Lymphocytes from all patients were cytotoxic to autologous mumps virus-infected target cells, but completely failed to lyse histoincompatible virus-infected PHA-blasts. Cytotoxicity was specific for the infecting virus, and was mediated by E rosette-forming lymphocytes. The effector cells were present over 2 to 3 wk after onset of meningitis. Mumps viral antigens appeared to be preferentially recognized in association with HLA B determinants. The results show that specifically sensitized cytotoxic T cells (CTL) are induced in patients with mumps meningitis. These cells circulate in venous blood and are locally enriched in CSF. Based on clinical observations, it is proposed that mumps-specific CTL play an immunopathologic role.