bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease
Authors: Luxenburger Hendrik , Thimme Robert 
Published: June 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the liver in healthy individuals but also influences the course of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). As described in healthy individuals, a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune response is important for the outcome of COVID-19, however, knowledge on the adaptive immune response in CLD is limited.Here, we review the clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with CLD. Acute liver injury occurs in many cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be induced by multiple factors, such as cytokines, direct viral infection or toxic effects of COVID-19 drugs. In individuals with CLD, SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a more severe course and promote decompensation and particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Compared with healthy individuals, the SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses is impaired in patients with CLD after both, natural infection and vaccination but improves at least partially after booster vaccination.Following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, rare cases of acute vaccine-induced liver injury and the development of autoimmune-like hepatitis have been reported. However, the concomitant elevation of liver enzymes is reversible under steroid treatment.
Predictors of aneurysm occlusion after treatment with flow diverters: a systematic literature review
Authors: Meyer Lukas , Stracke Christian Paul , Bester Maxim , Kallmes Kevin M , Zeleňák Kamil , Rouchaud Aymeric , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Jabbour Pascal , Nguyen Thanh N , Siddiqui Adnan H , Fiehler Jens , Gellissen Susanne 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundFlow diverters (FDs) have become an integral part of treatment for brain aneurysms.AimTo summarize available evidence of factors associated with aneurysm occlusion (AO) after treatment with a FD.MethodsReferences were identified using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit semi-automated review platform between January 1, 2008 and August 26, 2022. The review focuses on preprocedural and postprocedural factors associated with AO identified in logistic regression analysis. Studies were included if they met the inclusion criteria of study details (ie, study design, sample size, location, (pre)treatment aneurysm details). Evidence levels were classified by variability and significancy across studies (eg, low variability ≥5 studies and significance in ≥60% throughout reports).ResultsOverall, 2.03% (95% CI 1.22 to 2.82; 24/1184) of screened studies met the inclusion criteria for predictors of AO based on logistic regression analysis. Predictors of AO with low variability in multivariable logistic regression analysis included aneurysm characteristics (aneurysm diameter), particularly complexity (absence of branch involvement) and younger patient age. Predictors of moderate evidence for AO included aneurysm characteristics (neck width), patient characteristics (absence of hypertension), procedural (adjunctive coiling) and post-deployment variables (longer follow-up; direct postprocedural satisfactory occlusion). Variables with a high variability in predicting AO following FD treatment were gender, FD as re-treatment strategy, and aneurysm morphology (eg, fusiform or blister).ConclusionEvidence of predictors for AO after FD treatment is sparse. Current literature suggests that absence of branch involvement, younger age, and aneurysm diameter have the highest impact on AO following FD treatment. Large studies investigating high-quality data with well-defined inclusion criteria are needed for greater insight into FD effectiveness.
Charged particles and Penrose process near charged black holes in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Kurbonov Nuriddin , Rayimbaev Javlon , Alloqulov Mirzabek , Zahid Muhammad , Abdulxamidov Farrux , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Kurbanova Mukhabbat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the dynamics of charged test particles around an electrically charged black hole in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar (EMS) gravity. The event horizon properties of the spacetime around the black hole are explored and the upper limit for the EMS theory parameters corresponding to extreme charge and minimal value of the event horizon are found. The effective potential for the radial motion of the charged particles at the equatorial plane is investigated. Specific energy and angular momentum of the particles corresponding to circular stable orbits are also studied. We also investigate the effects of the EMS parameter and the black hole charge on innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs). We also investigate synchrotron radiation of charged particles in the spacetime of the charged black hole in EMS gravity. We also explore electric Penrose and Bañados–Silk–West processes near the black hole horizon, where we analyse in detail the effects of EMS parameters on energy efficiency in the Penrose process and critical angular momentum that allows colliding particles near the horizon, together with the center of mass energy in charged particles collisions.
Synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles via laser ablation for biomedical applications
Authors: Hadi Ali J. , Nayef Uday M. , Jabir Majid S. , Mutlak Falah A.-H. 
Published: June 2023

In recent years, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential medicinal applications, including cancer therapy, antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity. Manufacturing V2O5 NPs is a crucial step in developing these applications, and laser ablation in solution has proven to be a particularly successful technique. Following fabrication, colloidal solutions were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, XRD study revealed that the produced NPs had an orthorhombic phase. Based on the laser energy, nanosized vanadium pentoxide particles were created by laser irradiating a vanadium bulk submerged in a double deionized water (DDW), resulting in spherical particles with average sizes ranging from 15.4 to 33.8[Formula: see text]nm, as shown by TEM micrographs. Conforming to the quantum size concept, the bandgap energy of V2O5 NPs is higher than that of bulk V2O5 due to the decrease in particle size. This study examined the effectiveness of V2O5 NPs against pathogenic bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus as Gram’s positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as negative Gram’s bacteria. Then, we evaluated anticancer activity of V2O5 NPs against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using MTT assay. The results reveal that the activity of prepared V2O5 NPs against S. aureus is greater than that of E. coli. The findings suggest that prepared NPs can act as an anti-proliferative agent against MCF-7 cells. Subsequently, the produced NPs might be exploited as a future strategy for other biomedical applications.
Iterative Algorithms with Variable Coefficients for Multivalued Generalized "Equation missing" -Hemicontractive Mappings without Generalized Lipschitz Assumption
Authors: Ge Ci-Shui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe introduce and study some new Ishikawa-type iterative algorithms with variable coefficients for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings. Several new fixed-point theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings without generalized Lipschitz assumption are established in "Equation missing"-uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. A result for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemicontractive mappings with bounded range is obtained in uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. As applications, several theorems for multivalued generalized "Equation missing"-hemiaccretive mapping equations are given.
An MYC-Driven Vicious Circuit Is a Targetable Achilles’ Heel in Lymphoma
Authors: Wilson Erica B. , Klein Ulf 
Published: June 2023

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Nakanishi et al. uncover a critical role for the elevated activity of the translation initiation factor eIF5A in the malignant growth of MYC-driven lymphoma. eIF5A is posttranslationally modified by hypusination through MYC oncoprotein-mediated hyperactivation of the polyamine–hypusine circuit, which may represent a promising therapeutic target because an enzyme of this circuit that is required for hypusinating eIF5A proved to be essential for lymphoma development.
See related article by Nakanishi et al., p. 294 (4).
Impactos na saúde mental de estudantes de medicina na pandemia por Coronavírus: revisão integrativa
Authors: Garcia Angela Chaves de Oliveira , Carvalho Hairina Ester de , Florêncio Andressa Bueno , Fernandes Beatriz Aparecida , Queiroz Cleide Augusta de , Pereira Rafael Costa , Silva Vanessa Luzia Queiroz , Alves Mateus Goulart 
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar os impactos na saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina e sua prevalência diante da pandemia pelo coronavírus. Metodologia: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, utilizando-se os descritores “Mental health”, “Medical students” e sigla pertinente para a doença por Coronavírus 2019. Resultados: a mostra final deste estudo foi composta por 21 artigos discorrendo sobre depressão, ansiedade, estresse, sofrimento psicológico e mudanças psicológicas ou comportamentais. Conclusão: a pandemia causada pela doença do coronavírus repercutiu de diferentes maneiras na saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina, sendo observados transtornos de ansiedade e depressão, alterações de humor, estresse, sofrimento psicológico e dificuldade no engajamento universitário. Este estudo contribui com a identificação dos principais impactos da realidade imposta pelo novo coronavírus, estimulando a implementação de futuras estratégias de apoio à saúde mental no decorrer da formação médica.
Biomarkers and Echocardiographic Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Mendes Veronica G. , Rimolo Lorena , de Lima Ana Carolina B. , Ferreira Roberto R. , Oliveira Luciano S. , Nisimura Lindice M. , Horita Samuel I. M. , Costa Andréa R. , da Silva Gilberto Marcelo S. , Sangenis Luiz Henrique C. , Mendes Fernanda S. N. S. , Sousa Andrea S. , Veloso Henrique H. , Holanda Marcelo T. , Mediano Mauro F. F. , Waghabi Mariana C. , Garzoni Luciana R. , Moreira Otacílio C. , Britto Constança , Cunha Ademir B. , Hasslocher‐Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Saraiva Roberto M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Chagas disease (CD) presents an ominous prognosis. The predictive value of biomarkers and new echocardiogram parameters in adjusted models have not been well studied.

Methods and Results

There were 361 patients with chronic CD (57.6% men, 61±11 years of age, clinical forms: indeterminate 27.1%, cardiac 56.6%, digestive 3.6%, cardiodigestive 12.7%) included in this single‐center, observational, prospective longitudinal study. Echocardiographic evaluation included strain analyses of left atrial, left ventricular (LV), and right ventricular and 3‐dimensional analyses of left atrial and LV volumes. Biomarkers included cardiac troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor β1, tumor necrosis factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and
Trypanosoma cruzi
polymerase chain reaction. The studied end point was a composite of CD‐related mortality, heart transplant, hospital admission due to worsening heart failure, or new cardiac device insertion. Event‐free survival was analyzed by multivariable regression analyses adjusted for competing risks.
P
values <0.05 were considered significant. The composite event occurred in 79 patients after 4.9±2.0 years follow‐up. LV end‐diastolic volume (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02];
P
=0.02), peak negative global atrial strain (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00–1.17];
P
=0.04), LV global circumferential strain (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.21];
P
=0.003), LV torsion (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.35–0.81];
P
=0.003), brain natriuretic peptide (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.23–3.34];
P
=0.005), and positive
T cruzi
polymerase chain reaction (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.12–2.91];
P
=0.01) were end point predictors independent from age, sex, 2‐dimensional echocardiographic indexes, hypertension, previous cardiac device, and CD cardiac form.

Conclusions

Two‐dimensional strain‐ and 3‐dimensional‐derived parameters, brain natriuretic peptide, and positive
T cruzi
polymerase chain reaction can be useful for prediction of CD cardiovascular events.
Attentional Sampling between Eye Channels
Authors: Re Daniele , Karvat Golan , Landau Ayelet N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Our ability to detect targets in the environment fluctuates in time. When individuals focus attention on a single location, the ongoing temporal structure of performance fluctuates at 8 Hz. When task demands require the distribution of attention over two objects defined by their location, color or motion direction, ongoing performance fluctuates at 4 Hz per object. This suggests that distributing attention entails the division of the sampling process found for focused attention. It is unknown, however, at what stage of the processing hierarchy this sampling occurs, and whether attentional sampling depends on awareness. Here, we show that unaware selection between the two eyes leads to rhythmic sampling. We presented a display with a single central object to both eyes and manipulated the presentation of a reset event (i.e., cue) and a detection target to either both eyes (binocular) or separately to the different eyes (monocular). We assume that presenting a cue to one eye biases the selection process to content presented in that eye. Although participants were unaware of this manipulation, target detection fluctuated at 8 Hz under the binocular condition, and at 4 Hz when the right (and dominant) eye was cued. These results are consistent with recent findings reporting that competition between receptive fields leads to attentional sampling and demonstrate that this competition does not rely on aware processes. Furthermore, attentional sampling occurs at an early site of competition among monocular channels, before they are fused in the primary visual cortex.
Altered Brain Connectivity and Network Topological Organization in a Non-ordinary State of Consciousness Induced by Hypnosis
Authors: Panda Rajanikant , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Piarulli Andrea , Annen Jitka , Demertzi Athena , Alnagger Naji , Chennu Srivas , Laureys Steven , Faymonville Marie-Elisabeth , Gosseries Olivia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypnosis has been shown to be of clinical utility; however, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate altered brain dynamics during the non-ordinary state of consciousness induced by hypnosis. We studied high-density EEG in 9 healthy participants during eyes-closed wakefulness and during hypnosis, induced by a muscle relaxation and eyes fixation procedure. Using hypotheses based on internal and external awareness brain networks, we assessed region-wise brain connectivity between six ROIs (right and left frontal, right and left parietal, upper and lower midline regions) at the scalp level and compared across conditions. Data-driven, graph-theory analyses were also carried out to characterize brain network topology in terms of brain network segregation and integration. During hypnosis, we observed (1) increased delta connectivity between left and right frontal, as well as between right frontal and parietal regions; (2) decreased connectivity for alpha (between right frontal and parietal and between upper and lower midline regions) and beta-2 bands (between upper midline and right frontal, frontal and parietal, also between upper and lower midline regions); and (3) increased network segregation (short-range connections) in delta and alpha bands, and increased integration (long-range connections) in beta-2 band. This higher network integration and segregation was measured bilaterally in frontal and right parietal electrodes, which were identified as central hub regions during hypnosis. This modified connectivity and increased network integration–segregation properties suggest a modification of the internal and external awareness brain networks that may reflect efficient cognitive-processing and lower incidences of mind-wandering during hypnosis.
Detection and description of Ditylenchus israelensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from bulbs of the Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.)
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Castillo Pablo , Munawar Maria 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The present study describes a new Ditylenchus species, isolated from the bulbs of the Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) imported from Israel at the Ningbo plant quarantine lab, Ningbo, P.R. China. Ditylenchus israelensis n. sp. is an amphimictic species; females have six incisures in the lateral field, a long and slim body, a delicate, short stylet (7-8 μm) with small and rounded knobs, excretory pore in the anterior region of the basal pharyngeal bulb, posteriorly located vulva (V = 78.6-83.1), a short PUS (15.0-24.0 μm), and a long conical tail with a pointed terminus. Males are similar to females in general morphology and have 14.0-18.0 μm long spicules. The new species was also characterised molecularly using 18S, ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA genes. Our phylogenetic analyses showed its independent position among available Ditylenchus species and a close phylogenetic affinity with D. valveus. Several Ditylenchus species are regulated pests; their detection in a given sample can implement quarantine measures. However, to our knowledge D. israelensis n. sp. did not cause any damage to the R. asiaticus bulbs. In addition, future studies regarding fecundity and host association may shed some light on the pathogenic potential of D. israelensis n. sp.
Land Rights Under Cultural Autonomy
Authors: Savaşan Zerrin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on land rights as a key aspect of non-territorial (cultural) autonomy, using, as a case study, a comparative analysis of the experiences of Sami people in Finland, Norway and Sweden. First, the concept of cultural autonomy is clarified, taking into account current debates on the subject. Next, the relationship between culture, indigenous peoples and autonomy is examined; and also, indigenous peoples’ land rights are evaluated in light of their dependence on the environment and natural resources to protect their culture. Then, a case study is provided on Sami people with a comparative analysis of the situation in Norway, Finland and Sweden. Finally, the article discusses potential ways to promote Sami land rights under cultural autonomy in response to the challenges emerging in practice.
Transparency as a Contested Fundamental in the Law of International Organizations
Authors: Brölmann Catherine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Against the backdrop of a recent turn to theory in the field of international organizations law this short article, part of the Special Forum on Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations, brings to the fore a characteristic of the international organization that should not be missing in the canon of fundamentals in international organizations scholarship. This is the transparency of international organizations as a legal entity and as a legal actor. ‘Transparency’ here refers to the phenomenon that member states and other institutional components are to some extent legally visible. ‘Legally visible’ means that the component parts of an organization, notably the member states, are addressed from, and involved in, the general international plane – a condition which is dynamic and context-dependent. In the words of the ila, organizations are layered creatures, ‘conducting … multilevel operations’. The article sets out how the transparency of organizations is a fundamental in two ways: as a legal-ontological claim, and as an analytical lens. Moreover the transparency of international organizations is subject to systemic and political contestation, albeit often in an implicit manner. The article concludes by arguing that the lens of transparency has lasting relevance and analytical value, as it helps to lay bare an elusive and continual dynamic in the legal manifestation of international organizations.
Towards a Political Economy of International Organizations Law
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article is part of the Special Forum on Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations. It endorses a possible political economy of international organizations law, and explains why such would be desirable. The dominant approach to international organizations is unable to explain much of what is going on, and thus needs to be replaced by an approach more sensitive to the economic and organizational aspects of international organizations.
Towards a Black Cultural Memory
Authors: Amponsah Emma-Lee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article explores how Black people in Belgium have sought meaningful engagement with their history, culture, and identity to create a shared cultural memory, and vice versa: how Black people’s engagement with a shared cultural memory has formed a collective, Afro-diasporic identity and culture. To illustrate how Black identities take shape beyond personal histories, cultures, and memories, I conceptualize a memory framework called Black Cultural Memory (BCM), giving insight into Black people’s interconnected identity constructing/maintaining embodied culture, and shed light on how social media, memory and Black people’s lives interact by discussing how cultural memory is shaped, sharpened and inquired through Black people’s contemporary digital engagement. Examining the memory practices and discoursers of Belgian Renaissance, New Awoken African Generation, and #BLMbelgium, I illustrate how digital platforms helped these initiatives to shape and distribute notions of collective blackness, which ultimately connects them to a global Afro-diaspora culture.
Elephant in the China Shop: the Uyghur Pyrrhic Victory
Authors: Shichor Yitzhak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mostly unknown to the public, the Uyghurs, a Muslim minority of some 12 million in northwest China, have gained international prominence since the 2010s. Their Diaspora, headed by the World Uyghur Congress, has managed to convince the West that Beijing’s persecution of their kin in Xinjiang amounts to “genocide”, prompting condemnations, sanctions and boycotts on China. Not denying Chinese oppression of Uyghurs, I argue that the “genocide” claims are not only false but, moreover, counterproductive. Primarily motivated by an anti-China policy, whatever the findings of “investigation committees” and self-appointed “tribunals”, they hardly care about the Uyghurs. Contrary to expectations, no Islamic countries have criticized China; all the condemnations come from Western countries, themselves stained by “real” genocides, incomparably more brutal than what allegedly happened in China. In retrospect, the Uyghurs may have won a virtual, short-term, Pyrrhic victory, but actually failed completely. A real victory should, and perhaps could, have been won quietly and directly, not loudly and offensively.