bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanshinone IIA attenuates valvular interstitial cells’ calcification induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein via reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chen Fang , Yang Dongqiang , Ru Yuhua , Bai Yu , Pei Xueliang , Sun Jie , Cao Shan , Wang Weiguang , Gao Aishe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent studies revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress played an emerging role of in valve calcification. Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) has been a research hotspot in cardiovascular diseases. Previously we found that sodium TanIIA dampened the pathological phenotype transition of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) by affecting ER stress published in Chinese Journal. Here, we test the hypothesis that TanIIA attenuates the pro-osteogenic effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in VICs by reducing induction of ER stress. Patients’ aortic valve (AV) was collected, and porcine VICs were cultured for in vitro model. ER stress markers were tested in human leaflets by immunostaining. Immunoblotting were used to test the osteoblastic factors such as Runx2, osteocalcin, and ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, XBP1, etc. Alkakine phosphate (ALP) activity assay were used to test the activity of ALP kinase. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction. As a result, ER stress markers were elevated in patients’ calcified AVs. OxLDL induced osteogenesis and inflammation via promoting ER stress. TanIIA attenuated oxLDL induced ER stress. TanIIA also inhibited theosteoblastic factors and inflammatory cytokine expressions in VICs. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that TanIIA exerts anti-inflammation and anti-osteogenic effects in VICs by attenuating ER stress, and ER stress acts as an important regulator in oxLDL induced VICs’ phenotype transition.
AS-IV enhances the antitumor effects of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Liu Jintao , Chen Long , Zhang Jialing , Luo Xiaopan , Tan Yingyi , Qian Shaojie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. It has been shown that the general anesthetic agents, propofol and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) both exert antitumor effects in NSCLC. However, the effects of the combination of propofol with AS-IV in NSCLC remain unclear. Cell counting kit-8, and EdU and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were observed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL and LC3 staining, respectively. AS-IV notably enhanced the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory properties of propofol in NSCLC cells. Moreover, AS-IV remarkably facilitated the anti-autophagy effect of propofol in NSCLC cells by downregulating LC3, Beclin 1, and ATG5. Significantly, the pro-apoptotic ability of the AS-IV/propofol combination in NSCLC cells was further enhanced by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, suggesting that autophagy plays a tumor-promoting role in NSCLC cells. Collectively, AS-IV could facilitate the antitumor abilities of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. These findings may be beneficial for future studies on the use of AS-IV and propofol for the treatment of NSCLC.
The Tuvan Shamanism and Its Features
Authors: Burged Munkhtsetseg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We aim to study the tuvan shamansm and to reveal its specific features of shamanism of the Tuvan ethnic group in Mongolia and collected materials for our study during field work by interviewing, taking pictures, video and audio records. As an expected result of our study, we come to gain essential knowledge and records on ethnolinguistic, cultural issues, customs, and current status of religion /shamanism/ for the ethnic minority. The tuvans still retain such important components of ethnicity as their native language, their ancient religion-shamanism, and some features of their traditional culture, which identify them as Tuvans. Today the Tuvan shamanism has been studied less than those of the other ethnic groups in Mongolia. Many researchers have studied the Tuvan shamanism as it has been keeping its nature and shamanic rituals for the centuries as if their ancestors did. By studying the tuvan shamansm, researchers and other people gain a deeper understanding the culture and language of the ethnic minority – tuvans living in different parts of Mongolia and speak the Tuvan language as their native tongue.
Nanoantenna induced liquid crystal alignment for high performance tunable metasurface
Authors: Maruthiyodan Veetil Rasna , Xu Xuewu , Dontabhaktuni Jayasri , Liang Xinan , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) based spatial light modulators (SLMs) are a type of versatile device capable of arbitrarily reconfiguring the wavefront of light. For current commercial LC-SLM devices, the large pixel size limits their application to diffractive optics and 3D holographic displays. Pixel miniaturization of these devices is challenging due to emerging inter-pixel crosstalk, ultimately linked to the thick LC layer necessary for full phase (or amplitude) control. Integration of metasurfaces, i.e., 2D arrangements of resonant nanoantennas, with thin LC has emerged as a promising platform to boost light modulation, enabling realization of sub-wavelength pixel size SLMs with full phase (or amplitude) control. In most devices realized so far, however, the presence of an alignment layer, necessary to induce a preferential initial LC orientation, increases the voltage requirement for resonance tuning and reduces the efficiency of light modulation, something that accentuates for an ultra-thin (e.g., submicron) metasurface-LC cell. Here, we present an alternative strategy by which the LC molecular alignment is purely controlled by the periodicity and geometry of the nanoantenna without any additional alignment layer. The nanoantennas are specifically designed for the double purpose of sustaining optical resonances that are used for light modulation and to, simultaneously, induce the required LC pre-alignment. The proposed device structure allows lower voltage and reduced switching times (sub-millisecond) compared to devices including the alignment layer. This novel strategy thus helps to improve the performance of these miniaturized-pixel devices, which have emerged as one of the potential candidates for the next generation of products in a wide range of applications, from virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) and solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR), to 3D holographic displays and beyond.
Walks and eigenvalues of signed graphs
Authors: Stanić Zoran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article, we consider the relationships between walks in a signed graph

G

˙

\dot{G}

and its eigenvalues, with a particular focus on the largest absolute value of its eigenvalues

ρ

(

G

˙

)

\rho \left(\dot{G})

, known as the spectral radius. Among other results, we derive a sequence of lower bounds for

ρ

(

G

˙

)

\rho \left(\dot{G})

expressed in terms of walks or closed walks. We also prove that

ρ

(

G

˙

)

\rho \left(\dot{G})

attains the spectral radius of the underlying graph

G

G

if and only if

G

˙

\dot{G}

is switching equivalent to

G

G

or its negation. It is proved that the length

k

k

of the shortest negative cycle in

G

˙

\dot{G}

and the number of such cycles are determined by the spectrum of

G

˙

\dot{G}

and the spectrum of

G

G

. Finally, a relation between

k

k

and characteristic polynomials of

G

˙

\dot{G}

and

G

G

is established.
Sharpening the blades of the dentate gyrus: how adult‐born neurons differentially modulate diverse aspects of hippocampal learning and memory
Authors: Berdugo‐Vega Gabriel , Dhingra Shonali , Calegari Federico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above‐mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into “supra‐pyramidal” and “infra‐pyramidal”. Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions.
Infant Exercise Programs
Authors:   Committee on Sports Medicine
Published: September 2023

This Policy Statement was retired May 2004.
Infant exercise programs are becoming abundant in the United States. In most programs, massage techniques, passive exercises, and holding an infant in various positions are used. Some programs involve the purchase of "exercise equipment." Promoters have claimed that participation by an infant in these programs will improve physical prowess. In early infancy, the predominant neuromuscular responses are reflex in nature.1 Most activity at this age can be attributed to an intrinsic arousal-seeking drive. Natural curiosity and the drive toward self-sufficiency motivate infants in virtually all activities.2
Providing a stimulating environment for an infant's development is extremely important. Environmental deprivation will impede the developmental progress of an infant. There is some evidence that conditioned responses can be elicited in the newborn period. However, there have been no data to suggest that structured programs or the promotion of conditioned responses will advance skills or provide any long-term benefit to normal infants.3
The bones of infants are more susceptible to trauma than those of older children and adults. The skeletal system of the child in the first year of life is less than optimally ossified.4 Infants do not have the strength or reflexes necessary to protect themselves from external forces. The possibility exists that adults may inadvertently exceed the infant's physical limitations by using structured exercise programs.
Parents do not need specialized skills or equipment to provide an environment for the optimum development of their infant. An infant should be provided with opportunities for touching, holding, face-to-face contact, and minimally structured playing with safe toys.
Precautions Concerning the Use of Theophylline
Authors:   Committee on Drugs
Published: September 2023

This Policy Statement was retired January 2005.
Theophylline is commonly prescribed for pediatric patients with asthma, other forms of reactive airway disease, and apnea of prematurity.1-3 This statement is to remind physicians of the necessity to reduce the dosage of theophylline and to monitor the patient's serum concentration to prevent increased risk of toxicity when the drug is administered in the presence of acute febrile illness or in combination with certain medications.
The serum concentration of theophylline must be maintained within a relatively narrow range to achieve optimal therapeutic benefit while avoiding toxic side effects. While patients with milder airway disease may benefit from serum concentrations less than 10 mg/L, the greatest likelihood of obtaining maximal bronchodilatation with reasonable safety is achieved with peak serum concentrations between 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L.4-7 Serum concentrations of 6 mg/L to 12 mg/L are recommended when treating patients for apnea.3 Doses required to maintain theophylline concentrations within these ranges vary greatly due to large individual differences in theophylline metabolism.8-14
Undesirable side effects, including headaches, dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain have been associated with serum theophylline concentrations which exceed the recommended therapeutic range.15-19
Concentrations greater than 30 mg/L carry an increased risk of more serious side effects, including hypokalemia, cardiac dysrhythmia, and seizures.18-22 Although seizures are uncommon at concentrations less than 40 mg/L,15,17 there is not a strong correlation between serum concentration and risk of seizures. Seizures have occurred in patients with serum concentrations less than 20 mg/L;17 in contrast, individuals have tolerated serum levels greater than 120 mg/L with no seizure activity.19
Predicting and understanding corrosion in molten chloride salts
Authors: Rippy Kerry , Witteman Liam , Taylor Patrick R. , Vidal Judith C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMolten chloride salts are stable at higher temperatures than many other salts, including nitrate salts, and are thus promising for heat transfer and/or thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power, nuclear power, and other thermal energy storage applications. However, corrosion in molten chloride salts remains a significant problem. While many studies have been devoted to evaluation of corrosion, we find that a comprehensive method for predicting corrosion in molten chloride salts is lacking. Here, we present an evaluation of corrosion in molten chloride salts using Ellingham diagrams and chloride-oxide stability diagrams, which enable prediction of alloy performance in molten chloride salts and allow corrosion results to be interpreted at a fundamental level.
Graphical abstract
Effect of morphology and volume fraction of δ-ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement of stainless steel produced by electron beam additive manufacturing
Authors: Panchenko M. Yu. , Reunova K. A. , Nifontov A. S. , Kolubaev E. A. , Astafurova E. G. 
Published: September 2023

The authors studied the influence of volume fraction and morphology of δ-ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel 08Kh19N9T obtained by electron beam additive manufacturing. It is experimentally shown that in additively-manufactured samples, long lamellae of δ-ferrite form a dense “net” of interphase boundaries (austenite/δ-ferrite, the volume fraction of the δ-phase is 20 %) and contribute to the hydrogen accumulation. Also, being the “easy” ways for the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, the dendritic lamellae of ferrite provide hydrogen transport deep into the samples. Post-production solid-solution treatment (at T = 1100 °C, 1 h) leads to a significant decrease in the fraction of δ-ferrite in steel (up to 5 %) and partial dissolution of dendritic lamellae. A decrease in the volume fraction of ferrite and a change in its morphology hinder the diffusion of hydro­gen deep into the samples and its accumulation during electrolytic hydrogen-charging and subsequent deformation. It contributes to a decrease in the total concentration of hydrogen dissolved in the steel samples. Despite the lower concentration of dissolved hydrogen in the solid-solution trea­ted samples, the solid-solution strengthening by hydrogen atoms is higher (\(\Delta \sigma _{0.2}^{\rm{H}}\) = 73 MPa) than for the initial samples with a high content of δ-ferrite (\(\Delta \sigma _{0.2}^{\rm{H}}\) = 55 MPa). The solid-solution treated samples are characterized by a smaller thickness of the brittle surface hydrogen-charged layer and a lower hydrogen embrittlement index compared to the post-produced samples (DH = 55 ± 12 µm, IH = 32 % for initial samples and DH = 29 ± 7 µm, IH = 24 % for samples after post-production solid-solution treatment).
Kumkale’de Yunanlıların Yaptığı Sahte Bir Fransız Anıtı
Authors: ATABAY Mithat 
Published: September 2023

Özet
Çanakkale kara savaşlarının başladığı 25 Nisan 1915 günü müttefik donanması Kumkale bölgesini şiddetli şekilde topçu ateşine tuttu. Saat 10:00’da da Kumkale’ye asker çıkardı ve köyü işgal etti. Kumkale köyünde şiddetli çarpışmalar oldu.
Osmanlı 3. Tümeni’nin 25 Nisan 1915 gecesi üç taburla gerçekleştirdiği taarruz köyün içine kadar genişlediyse de düşman donanmasının ateşi altında birlikler dayanamayıp köyün dışına çıkmak zorunda kaldı. Düşman ertesi sabah başarısız bir taarruz daha yaptı ve sonrasında karşı taarruza kalkan Türk askerleri tekrar Kumkale’ye girdiyse de düşman donanmasının köye yönelttiği şiddetli topçu ateşi altında birliklerin bir kısmı köyden çıkmak zorunda kaldı, bir kısmı da evlere sığınarak savaşa yeniden başladı.
Öğleden sonra Türk askeri birlikleri Orhaniye sırtlarına çekildi ve oradan düşmanın ilerlemesini engelledi. 26 Nisan gecesi Fransızlar Kumkale’yi boşalttı. İki gün devam eden savaş böylece sona erdi.
1.Dünya Savaşı sonrasında yapılan anlaşmalarla Yunanlılar Kumkale bölgesini 1920 yılında işgal ettiler. Boğazlar bölgesinde daha etkili olabilmek için Fransızların desteğini almak istediler. Bu amaçla Kumkale Türk Mezarlığı’nın içerisine bir anıt yaparak, bunu sanki Fransızlar yapmış gibi göstermeye çalıştılar. Çanakkale milletvekili Mehmet Bey’in girişimi ile bu anıtın Fransızlarla bir ilgisi olmadığı ve Yunanlıların yaptığı anlaşıldı ve sonra da yıkıldı.
The level of dementia biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: ÖZPAK Lütfiye , ŞAHİN Murat , ÇELİK İbrahim Seyfettin , KELLECİ Bekir Mehmet , ÇELİK Mustafa 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Like Alzheimer's disease, a disease of the aging world, and metastasis in cancer, it is very important to elucidate the etiology of Type 2 diabetes, which causes tissue and organ damage by systematically spreading throughout. In this study, we aimed to examine whether markers used as biomarkers in Alzheimer's pathogenesis are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Materials and Methods: In our study, 30 type 2 diabetics, 30 type 2 diabetics individuals with the risk of dementia as a result of mini-mental test, and 28 healthy individuals aged 50-70 years were included, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1A), Tau, fatty acid binding proteins 7 (FABP7) levels were measured from plasma samples.
Results: There was a significant difference between the diabetes group with a high risk of dementia (MMSE < 24) and the other groups in Tau, and FABP7 levels, but no significant differences were found in BDNF and DYRK1A levels.
Conclusion: These biomarkers might be used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in patients with T2D and at risk of dementia before resorting to other more expensive and invasive diagnostic methods.
Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates motor and cognitive functions by regulating neuronal excitotoxicity in experimental Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: AKÇAY Güven , TAMERER Serhan 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: In the study, the therapeutic effects of early and long-term transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of tDCS were investigated.
Materials and Methods: After early and prolonged tDCS administration in PD animals (starting 24 hours after PD lesion, 1000 mA anodal tDCS, 30 min/day, 13 days), the effects of tDCS on motor and cognitive function behaviors and glutamatergic neuron excitotoxicity were determined by Ca2+, glutamate, and NMDAR1 levels.
Results: We found that the 13-day tDCS intervention significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced motor deficits in locomotor activity, learning, and memory-like behavior. Biochemically, we showed that it also reduces Ca2+, glutamate, and NMDAR1 levels, which cause hippocampal neuronal damage.
Conclusion: These results suggest that early and long-term tDCS may exert neuroprotective effects and reduce the exacerbation of motor and cognitive impairments in a rat model of 6-OHDA-induced PD. However, it also shows that tDCS has an effect on the glutamatergic pathway in PD and prevents neuronal excitotoxicity. Furthermore, this preclinical model may increase the potential use of therapeutic tDCS and serve as a translation platform to further define the therapeutic mechanism of tDCS for PD or other disorders.
Therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on loss of motor function caused by experimental mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: AKÇAY Güven , BAYDEMİR Recep 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious illness that causes behavioral disorders such as locomotor activity, learning, and memory. This study aims to investigate the behavioral effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) treatment on locomotor activity in an experimental traumatic brain injury model and to investigate the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the motor cortex tissue.
Materials and Methods: 30 male 3-month-old Wistar albino rats were used. The TBI model was established using the Marmarou method. 2 hours after TBI, sham and TBI+tDCS groups were treated with 0.5 mA 30 minutes anodal tDCS treatment for 2 days. Locomotor activity was evaluated in open field test. IL-1β and IL-18 levels in motor cortex tissue were measured by the ELISA method..
Results: Compared to the sham group, locomotor activity results showed significant decreases in the TBI group while the TBI+tDCS group showed significant increases compared to the TBI group. There were significant increases in IL-1β and IL-18 values in the motor cortex of the animals in the TBI group compared to the sham group, while there was a significant decrease in the TBI+tDCS group compared to the TBI group.
Conclusion: tDCS treatment was shown to have therapeutic effects on neuroinflammation against traumatic brain injury.
A review of the effect of genetic factors on Recurrent aphthous in articles published from 2010-2021
Authors: Najafi Shamsoulmolouk , Pourheydar Peyvand , Taheri Ladan , Goudarzi Mina 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The main known factors for causing recurrent oral aphthous are genetics and heredity, hematological defects, and immunological disorders. This study was conducted to review the effect of genetic factors on recurrent oral aphthous.

Materials and methods: This study is a literature review that examines the findings derived from existing research articles investigating the influence of genetic factors on the development of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. The articles on the same topic were selected from available studies on the web, PubMed ISI, Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, in 10 years from 2013 to 2022. Articles were chosen and assessed based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, employing keywords such as genome, oral, recurrent aphthous, and genetic factor as part of the selection process.

Findings: 31 studies were selected after screening and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5, 6, 3, 3, 1 studies which were done subsequently in the years 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, and 2013, were selected. Among them, 9 studies showed no correlation between genetic factors and RAS incidence, and in the 22 remaining studies, a significant correlation was observed between genetic factors and gene expression in RAS patients compared to healthy people.
Conclusion: Genetic factors are effective in the occurrence of recurrent oral aphthous in people.