bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthodontic Practice in the Middle East
Authors: Nallamothu Raghuveer , Aljohani Dareen Dhaifullah , Al-Ramadhan Maryam Ali , Eshag Abdullah Mohammed , Bakulka Ghufran Abdullah , Hasanian Raghad Zaki , Abduljabar Aeshah Hassan , Pullishery Fawaz 
Published: February 2023

Background:
With COVID-19 announced as a global pandemic, a countrywide lockdown was executed in many countries, including the Middle East. With no foregoing warning or expectation, orthodontic treatments were temporarily canceled as dental clinics and colleges were indefinitely closed. To the best of our knowledge, no study addresses the orthodontist perspective in such testing times, where they are entirely restricted to the confines of their homes. The study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19-related lockdown on orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students' treatment and psychology.

Materials and Methods:
The survey participants consist of 315 orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate residents from different Middle East countries. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was sent to the consenting participants through an online data collection platform (Google forms), covering participants' sociodemographics and participants' perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
A majority of the participants (87.61%) stated that the pandemic would permanently change their way of practicing orthodontics and also will lead to the reduction in the number of orthodontic patients in the future (78.73%), and a significant number of orthodontists (67.61%) has an opinion that the pandemic will not affect the viability of their profession. The majority of the respondents (88.57%) commented about the negative economic impact of COVID-19 on their income, and regarding the effect of COVID-19 on psychosocial well-being, 73.01% had experienced anxiety and depression, 88.25% were excited about the future of the profession, and 68.57% enjoyed the life with their family due to lockdown, and when asked about their social life with the family and friends, majority of the participants (66.34%) had an opinion that it has improved due to the increased free time.

Conclusions:
Most of the respondents reported perceived economic, psychosocial, and social impacts due to the pandemic.
Prevalence and Distribution of Selected Dental Anomalies in the Patients Reporting to Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Mohan Sumit , Viswanath Butta , Thakur Jyoti , Tekriwal Shweta , Singh Anubhuti , Jaiswal Rima 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies in the East Indian subpopulation.

Materials and Methods:
The study was based on clinical examination, evaluation of dental casts, and radiographs of 2385 Indian patients (1169 males and 1216 females), who visited Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. These patients were examined for shape anomalies, number anomalies, structural anomalies, and positional anomalies.

Results:
It was observed that 5.83% of patients reported with a dental anomaly. Males reported with higher incidence with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 0.96. Microdontia was the most common anomaly. Unilateral microdontia was more common than bilateral and was more prominent in males (9.05%). It was observed that peg laterals were frequently encountered developmental anomaly at 1.34%, while the incidence of amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta was 0.29% and 0.33%, respectively. The present demography reported a very low incidence of dens, fusion, hyperdontia, hypodontia, and macrodontia at <0.01%, whereas anomalies such as transportation, transmigration, and hypodontia of the maxillary molar reported no prevalence.

Conclusion:
The percentage of dental anomalies although low should be treated as soon as possible to avoid further complications. The results of our study can serve as an indicator to ascertain the pattern of dental anomalies in Jharkhand. This might help to plan the dental treatment of the community.
A Qualitative Study of the Impact of COVID 19, on Health Care Providers for Cancer Patients
Authors: Jha Rohit Kumar , Pareed K. Dilber , Sahoo Sujit Ranjan , Kapalavayi Anudeep , Hiralkar Pranoti , Perti Sonali , Al Salem Amerah 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
In the challenging times of the COVID-19, the care of individuals with the debilitating diseases such as cancers has been an additional burden to the medical team. We aim to find out about the obstacles for the clinical care of the patients in the COVID, the questions frequently asked by cancer patients, and the medical care and support teams' general experience in taking care of cancer patients during the times of the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a Qualtrics survey that was developed by Cancer and Aging Research Group among 275 health care providers to cancer patients during. There were twenty questions in the survey. Of these 20, three open-ended questions were included that inquired about the barriers to the clinical care of cancer patients during COVID-19; the questions asked to the health care team by cancer patients or the attendants; health care teams general experience in the situations of the COVID-19. Two different reviewers performed the quality analysis for the open-ended questions after they were assigned a code. SPSS ver-23 was used for the descriptive statistics.

Results:
Medical services organizational difficulties and addressing necessities and support were generally reported. Hindrances to the medical health teams included the included administrative difficulties, access of the patient to the support and basic resources, uncertainties for patients' psychological and physical well-being, and teleconsultation challenges. The most common concern of the patients was the safety and the need for the treatment. Medical health care teams were seen to worry for the mental and the physical health of cancer patient. There was also reported concern for the medical team's own safety, obstruction in multi-level establishments; also the health team was seen feeling positive leadership and communications.

Conclusion:
The medical health provider teams felt a need for thorough support at the organizational level for cancer patients. Medical teams were expected to comprehend the short-term and long-term impact of the COVID-19 on cancer patients. It was accepted that there has been an increased workload and mental stress among the providers. Appreciating the experiences of the medical teams during the pandemic may help in the future guidance in the care of cancer patients.
Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects with or Without Bone Graft
Authors: Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Siddiqui Shandar , Mahajan Ankit , Qamar Seema , Kumari Puja , Kumari Soni 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory diseases causing alveolar bone loss and eventually leading to loss of teeth. The present study was evaluated the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects with or without bone graft.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty subjects with the presence of intrabony defects were enrolled. All subjects were included irrespective of age and gender. A questionnaire was prepared for extracting demographic and personal details of all the patients. William probe and moth mirror-tweezers set was used for carrying out clinical examination of all subjects. Random and unbiased division of all the subjects was done with ten patients in each group as follows: Group I: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF with demineralized bone matrix, Group II: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF alone, and Group III: Subjects in which treatment was carried in the form of open flap debridement (OFD). Pretreatment and posttreatment clinical variables were assessed which included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival recession (GR) were assessed at baseline and 9 months postoperatively were calculated.

Results:
Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the PI among the three study groups at follow-up. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the GI among the three study groups at follow-up. Significant difference was seen in PD, RAL, and GR from baseline to 9 months in all groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
PRF leads to significantly better improvement in the clinical parameters on follow-up in comparison to OFD alone in patients with the presence of intrabony defects.
Association of Dyslipidemia with Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Ezhilvendhan Kalaimamani , Sathiyamoorthy Anitha , Prakash B. Jey , Bhava B. Saravana , Shenoy Arjun 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor that can lead to the progression of retinopathy (DR). Diabetic dyslipidemia with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglycerides (TGs) are seen frequently among Type 2 diabetic mellitus.

Aims and Objectives:
(1) To assess the level of serum lipids (total cholesterol, TGs, HDL, and low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) among type 2 diabetes patients. (2) To determine the association between serum lipid levels and DR.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Salem from September 2018 to March 2020 with a sample size of 200. Details of their diabetic history were obtained. Patients were evaluated for their HbA1C levels, hypertension, and lipid profile status. Early treatment DR Study system was used to classify DR. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated by Freidewald's equation.

Results:
This study showed a significant association among DR and LDL cholesterol. DR with raised LDL, TGs levels, and lowered HDL on adjusted analysis. There was strong association between DR and serum cholesterol in unadjusted analysis; however, there was no association when adjusted for factors such as age, gender, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. Majority of participants were males (57.5%) with a male: female = 1.35:1. The mean age of the patients in our study was 57.8 (5.8) years and 54.4 (6.6) years in patients with DR and patients without retinopathy, and it was found to be statistically significant. There was a significant difference in the duration of diabetes with the presence of DR and the patients with DR were having longer duration of diabetes (7.9 vs. 6.2 years; P < 0.001). Moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was found to be present in 41.0% of eyes followed by mild NPDR (20.5% eyes). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present only in 9.5%, and the severity of retinopathy was associated only with the HDL level, and there was no association found with total cholesterol, TG, and LDL cholesterol.

Conclusion:
A statistically significant correlation was found between dyslipidemia and the severity of DR among Type 2 diabetic patients.
Effect of the Use of Die Lubricant on the Marginal Fit of Wax Patterns
Authors: Wagh Ajinkya , Gandhewar Mahesh , Pawar Pankaj , Chavan Ashada , Kharwade Snehal , Mendhe Anjali , Singh Devina 
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of die lubricant on the fit of wax patterns. An ivorine tooth was prepared to receive full-coverage metal-ceramic restoration with 360° shoulder finish line. The tooth was duplicated 40 times using additional silicone. The impression was poured with Type IV dental stone. These 40 dies were divided into 2 groups 20 each. Group A: The patterns were fabricated with the use of die lubricant. Group B: The patterns were fabricated without the use of die lubricant. Later, these patterns were sequentially checked for the marginal fit on the stereomicroscope. The readings from the stereomicroscope were tabulated; independent Student's t-test was used to compare the marginal fit between Group A and Group B. The mean gap on all four tooth surfaces in Group A (with use of die lubricant) was more compared to Group B (without use of die lubricant).

Conclusion:
Die lubricant definitely has their effect on fit of the wax pattern which later might be duplicated in the casting.
Geometry of Implant Abutment Surface Improving Cement Effectiveness
Authors: Rathod Aradhana , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Shrinivas  , Devadiga Trupti Jagannath , Jha Shruti , Alzahrani Khaled M. 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the surface geometry or topography of implant abutments affects the retentive strength of prosthesis cemented with zinc phosphate on standard machined, sandblasted, and grooved implant abutments and to compare the results between them.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen similarly shaped implant abutments (MDcpk61; MIS Implant Technologies Ltd.,) (height 6.0 mm and 6-degree taper) were divided into three groups (n = 05): Group I – standard machined abutments without grooves, Group II – sandblasted abutments (same as Group I but sandblasted with 50 μ aluminum oxide), and Group III – abutment with prefabricated circumferential grooves. Further in these groups of 15 abutments, 5 abutments each are to be taken to check the retentive force of zinc phosphate cement. Fifteen identical cast copings was prepared to fit all 15 abutments. The castings will be cemented to each group of abutments with an above-mentioned luting agent. After thermal cycling and storage for 6 days in a water bath, a retention test is to be done with a tensile testing machine (Instron) (5 mm/min) and retentive forces will be recorded. Data will be subjected to one-way ANOVA test and Student's t-test.

Results:
For zinc phosphate cement, F = 30.53 (>3.59 for P = 0.05) shows a statistically significant difference between all the three groups.

Conclusion:
Circumferential grooves on implant abutments give better retention when compared with standard machined (plain) and sandblasted abutments despite marked difference.

Clinical Significance:
Retention of restoration depends on the surface of the abutment as well as the luting agents used. Incorporation of retentive grooves can enhance retention of prosthesis, especially in situation of short abutments.
Genotoxic Effect of Various forms of Tobacco on Oral Buccal Mucosa and Nuclear Changes as a biomarker
Authors: Devadoss Sowmiya , Raveendranath Murali Chinnakonda , Kathiresan T. Shanmugam , Ganesan Kesavan 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The present study aims to assess the genotoxic effect of various forms of tobacco users on buccal mucosa and nuclear changes as biomarkers.

Materials and Methods:
The study involves 150 cases, they were divided into three groups (two study groups and one control group). The buccal cytological smears were taken from three groups: Group I – 50 smokers, Group II – 50 nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco), and Group III – 50 control group. The buccal cells were transferred into a test tube containing Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer (pH = 7) and was centrifuged (Remi® 1500 revolution/min [rpm]). Cell suspensions were transferred to the slides and fixed. The slides were stained using PAP and Feulgen stain. The MN and other nuclear abnormalities were studied and compared.

Results:
Nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) had significantly increased frequency of all nuclear anomalies compared to smokers and healthy controls. Binucleation, karyorrhexis, micronuclei (MN), karyolysis, broken egg nuclei, and prominent nucleoli in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) and condensed chromatin in smokers were the most frequent anomalies. Binucleation and karyorrhexis were significantly more frequent in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) compared to smokers. The other nuclear abnormalities were not statistically significant in smokers and nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco).

Conclusion:
Numerous studies have stated that MN and other nuclear anomalies were present in higher frequency in smokers and nonsmokers. In our study, we found binucleation and karyorrhexis were statistically significant in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) compared to smokers. The other nuclear anomalies showed insignificant results. In order to further validate the significance of this study, a larger sample size has to be studied. On comparing the staining efficacy of smokers and nonsmokers using PAP and Feulgen stain, both the stains showed positive results. In the present study, DNA-specific Feulgen stain shows better staining of nuclear anomalies compared to DNA nonspecific PAP stain, which was found to be statistically significant.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effect on Quality of Life
Authors: Mahobia Ashish , Sahoo Sujit Ranjan , Maiti Niladri , Sathyanarayanan R , Aravinth R , Pandraveti Roopa Reddy , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Diabetes is associated with the vascular and the neuronal damage of the eye leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The circadian rhythms and also the quality of life (QoL) are known to be impacted by the photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which are seen to be affected in the DR. Hence, we aim to find a relation between the DR and its impact on the life quality.

Materials and Methods:
Thousand participants were equally divided into two groups of case and controls (DR). The control group was further divided into three subgroups based on the severity of the disease as proliferative and nonproliferative (mild, moderate, and severe). The impact on the QoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-36. The collected data were analyzed for the various grades of the severity of DR on the quality of the life.

Results:
There was a notable change between the case and the controls and the QoL deteriorated with the severity of the disease. However, these findings were insignificant statistically.

Conclusion:
DR impacts the QoL of the patients, and the severity of the disease is proportional to the worsening of the disease. Further, research is warranted for the association.
Histocompatibility of Dental Restorative Composite Resin Photopolymerized with a Novel Multifunctional Comonomer
Authors: Sivakumar Jambai Sampathkumar , Ajay Ranganathan , Gokulapriyan Karuppiah , Deepa Natesan Thangaraj , Vigneshwari Subramaniam Kalaiyarasu , Ahamed Shafie 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Restorative dentistry is impossible without composite resins. Toxicity of these resins is common though possessing favorable properties. Modifications of the resin matrix are being executed to improve the properties of the material. Dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate (DPEPHA) monomer has been recently identified as a cross-linking comonomer with the conventional resin matrix.

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the histocompatibility of DPEPHA comonomer in photopolymerized resin at 20 and 40 wt.% concentrations in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen male Wister rats were subjected to subcutaneous implantation of conventional resin specimens without DPEPHA (G0) and with DPEPHA at 20 wt.% (G20) and 40 wt.% (G40) concentrations. Then, the rats were subdivided according to the time of resection of the implantation sites at 1, 2, and 4 weeks (n = 6 rats). Tissue specimens were submitted to histopathological analysis.

Results:
Except for 4 weeks' time interval, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the inflammation among the groups at each time interval. The order of inflammation was NC <G40 ≤G20 <G0. Concerning the fibrous capsule thickness, significant difference existed among the groups at each time interval and within the groups at all 3 time intervals (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Composite resin specimens with DPEPHA comonomer exhibited good histocompatibility in rats at 40 wt.% concentration.
Traumatic Ulcerations Frequencies and Postinsertion Adjustment Appointments in Complete Denture Patients
Authors: Saraswati Sony , Razdan Priyanka , Smita  , Aggarwal Monika , Bhowmick Devleena , Priyadarshni Priyanka 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim:
The patient who is wearing a denture after missing teeth faces traumatic ulceration very frequently. This ulceration creates difficulties in denture wearing. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the most common locations of traumatic injuries in form of ulcerations, their frequency, and also the duration and number of adjustment visits required to achieve patient comfort following placement of complete removable dentures.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty edentulous patients were selected from a private clinic. Complete removable dentures were fabricated for all patients. All patients were evaluated for their complaints after denture insertion. Patients were followed up till the problem persisted. Descriptive analysis was done. Chi-squared test was used to differentiate the associations between lesions, postinsertion visits, and gender.

Results:
About 85.62% of patients need denture adjustment because of mucosal injuries during their first visit following. Approximately four appointments are needed for maxillary and six appointments needed for mandibular denture. Male and female have no difference in the number of mucosal injuries in the anatomical area evaluated in the maxilla and mandible using Fisher's exact test (P > 0.05). Mandibular dentures need more appointments than maxillary dentures after post insertion (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The vestibule was the most common site for mucosal injuries which can be corrected by proper extension of denture flanges during border molding. Pressure indicator ink (arti spot) and paste is used to correct the overextended denture flanges.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Rotary Instrumentation over Manual Instrumentation with Ultrasonic Irrigation on Incidence, Duration, and Intensity of Postendodontic Pain
Authors: Shandilya Ashutosh , Behera Subasish , Sahu Gourav Kumar , Mallick Rashmi Rekha , Husain Zakir , Chauhan Riddhima 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rotary instrumentation over manual instrumentation with ultrasonic irrigation on incidence, duration, and intensity of postendodontic pain (PEP).

Subjects and Methods:
Eighty patients, with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary anterior teeth, were selected and treated with single-visit endodontic treatment. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (40 each), Group A (K files using step-back technique) and Group B (ProTaper Next using crown-down technique) along with passive ultrasonic irrigation. Patients were recalled, examined, and asked to fill up questionnaire after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days. On the basis of response given in the feedback forms, incidence, duration, and intensity of PEP were evaluated.

Results:
Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Chi-square test, and level of significance (P < 0.05) was evaluated. More incidence of pain was noticed in Group A when compared with Group B. Significant difference found between two groups (χ
2 = 22.759; P = 0.001). There was also statistically significant difference between two groups at different time intervals.

Conclusion:
Both instrumentation techniques under investigation cause PEP. The incidence of pain was more in manual technique than rotary technique. The duration of pain was higher in manual group than rotary group at different time intervals.