bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Local Domestic Solid Fuel Sources: A Kenyan Case Study in Kisii, Bomet and Narok Counties
Authors: Bosire Josephate O. , Osano Aloys M. , Maghanga Justin K. , Forbes Patricia B.C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProximate analyses and decomposition profiles of solid fuels commonly used in Kenya were studied to determine their relative suitability for use as a clean and efficient source of energy in households. The moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content of firewood, charcoal, and briquette samples were investigated, as well as their decomposition profiles under various temperature regimes. Except for the ash content of the briquette sample, which deviated slightly likely due to the presence of binders, all the values were within acceptable limits according to International Energy Agency and World Health Organization. Decomposition profiles revealed that mass change during combustion tends to occur primarily between 350 and 500 °C once the majority of the volatiles had been released. Briquette samples proved to be the most dependable and suitable household fuel due to their longer combustion time and lower volatile matter content, implying lower emissions.
LABOUR REGULATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UK SINCE 1945: DEBUNKING MYTHS ABOUT ‘DISEASE’, ‘MIRACLES’ AND ‘PUZZLES’
Authors: Cruddas Jon 
Published: February 2023

Over 50 years ago, New Society first identified a new ‘Oxford School’ considered central to British post-war reconstruction. Based around Nuffield College, it contained five key figures: Hugh Clegg, Allan Flanders, Alan Fox, Bill McCarthy and Arthur Marsh. Other identified contributors were Ben Roberts, John Hughes and legal theorist Otto Kahn-Freund. A second generation included the likes of George Bain, Willy Brown, Richard Hyman, Rod Martin and Roger Undy. Intriguingly, as early as the late 1940s its key theorist Flanders described their social democratic approach to build industrial pluralism as the ‘third way’—obviously a phrase given greater prominence in the 1990s by Tony Blair and Tony Giddens.
Influence of chronometer error uncertainties on the Longitude of Shackleton's vessel, Endurance
Authors: Bergman Lars , Mearns David L. , Stuart Robin G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 1915 while the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition's vessel Endurance was icebound in the Weddell Sea, lunar occultation timings were carried out in order to rate the chronometers and thereby find longitude. The original observations have been re-analysed using modern lunar ephemerides and catalogues of star positions. The times derived in this way are found to differ by an average of 20 s from those obtained during the expedition using positions given from the Nautical Almanac and introduces an additional offset of the true positions to the east of those recorded in the log.
Concrete Leviathan: The Interstate Highway System and Infrastructural Inequality in the Age of Liberalism
Authors: Arcadi Teal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores how the construction of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways prompted litigation that altered the course of administrative law and governance from the 1960s onward. By that time, the construction of the interstate system had become synonymous with thedestructionof neighborhoods and parks bulldozed to make way for the “concrete monsters,” as some came to call the interstates. Ensuing protests—“freeway revolts”—pressed for altered construction practices and participatory roles for citizens and communities in the state building process underway. This article explores the legal consequences of interstate highway protest, and advances two arguments. First, freeway revolts brought distinctive reforms to the practices of modern American state building, particularly when they produced the canonical Supreme Court caseCitizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe(1971). Second, despite the reformist inclinations present inOverton Park, the case created an unequal legal and physical landscape of state building. ContrastingOverton ParkwithNashville I-40 Steering Committee v. Ellington(1967), a case dealing with racial discrimination and community destruction, reveals the mechanics of a legal regime that cemented racial and class hierarchies in place across long horizons of space and time via the interstate system's durable, nation-spanning asphalt limbs.
Characterization of Gravity Waves in Three Dimensions in the Daytime Thermosphere Using Combined Optical and Radio Measurements and Estimation of Horizontal Neutral Winds
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mandal Subir , Pallamraju Duggirala 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGravity waves, which are considered omnipresent in the Earth's upper atmosphere, are generally investigated by monitoring the fluctuations in different atmospheric parameters. Here, we report the propagation characteristics of thermospheric gravity waves both in horizontal and vertical directions obtained using collocated optical and radio measurements from Ahmedabad, India for February 2021. The measurements of OI 630.0 nm dayglow emission rates over zenith are used to derive time periods of gravity waves. Wave number analyses of variations in the emission over a large field‐of‐view have been performed to derive gravity wave scale sizes and propagation characteristics in the horizontal direction. Time periods, horizontal scale sizes, and propagation directions are found to be in the range of 31–125 min, 78–243 km, and 203°–248° from east, respectively. Vertical wavelengths of the gravity waves are obtained from radio measurements and are in the range of 26–247 km. As the gravity wave characteristics are influenced by the ambient neutral winds, the measured gravity wave propagation characteristics in three dimensions have been used as inputs into the gravity wave dispersion relation to estimate the magnitudes of thermospheric horizontal neutral winds. These estimated daytime winds in the direction of wave propagation are found to be in the range of 1–105 ms−1, and they compare well with those measured independently from MIGHTI added HWM14 model‐derived winds. The daytime winds estimated by this approach are possibly the first of their kind as obtained from ground‐based measurements.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Detected by the PANSY Radar at Syowa Station in the Antarctic
Authors: Minamihara Yuichi , Sato Kaoru , Tsutsumi Masaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe conducted two 10‐day observational campaigns in 2019 targeting turbulence in the troposphere and lower stratosphere by adopting a frequency domain radar interferometric imaging technique using Program of the Antarctic Syowa radar (PANSY radar) and radiosonde observations obtained at Syowa Station in the Antarctic. Seventy three Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) billows were detected, and two characteristic cases likely excited by the same cyclone were examined in detail. In the first case with the longest observational duration of ∼6.5 hr, the K‐H billows had a thickness of ∼800 m and a horizontal wavelength of ∼2,500 m. According to a numerical simulation, continuously existing gravity waves associated with the cyclone maintained strong vertical wind shear sufficient to cause the K‐H instability. In the second case with the deepest thickness of ∼1,600 m, the K‐H billows had a horizontal wavelength of ∼4,320 m. Numerical simulation suggested that an enhanced upper‐tropospheric jet associated with a well‐developed synoptic‐scale cyclone caused the K‐H instability. Such background conditions, frequently observed in the Antarctic coastal region, are typical mechanisms for K‐H excitation. Linear stability analysis also indicated that the characteristics of the observed K‐H billows were consistent with the most unstable modes. Furthermore, statistical analysis was performed using data of all 73 observed cases. The characteristics of K‐H billows observed at Syowa Station are similar to those observed over Japan. However, the K‐H billows tend to have longer wave periods over Syowa Station than over Japan, likely due to the weaker tropospheric jet in the Antarctic.
An Application of the Maximum Entropy Production Method in the WRF Noah Land Surface Model
Authors: Jia Chunhui , Zhao Ping , Wang Jingfeng , Deng Yi , Li Na , Wang Yingchun , Miao Shiguang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe calculation of surface sensible heat (SH) and latent heat (LE) fluxes using the bulk transfer models for complex terrains, tall vegetation regions, and morning and evening transition periods remains a challenging problem in numerical weather and climate models. The maximum entropy production (MEP) model, a new method of calculating surface heat fluxes, is coupled with the Noah land surface model (LSM) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Surface heat fluxes and meteorological variables including air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, and precipitation data at nine intensive observation stations and 453 routine meteorological operational observation stations in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1 June to 31 August 2015 are used to evaluate the coupled model. The results show that the MEP method improves the nonclosure of the surface energy balance in the WRF (with an energy residual from 24.3 to 1.9 W m−2), reducing the overestimations of SH and LE and the underestimation of the surface ground heat flux over the complex terrain of TP (with the bias decreases of 50.6% and 117.1% for SH and LE in turn), especially during the daytime. The improved SH and LE reduce the cold and wet biases in the TP by 29.4% and 51.7%, respectively. The MEP model also reduces the overestimated soil temperature by 63%. Moreover, the overestimated daily precipitation is reduced by 3% over the TP. The successful application of the MEP method demonstrates its advantage over the bulk transfer method, providing a new approach for reducing the overestimation of surface heat fluxes and wet and cold biases in numerical forecast models in complex terrains.
Breaking the Window of Detection: Using Multi‐Scale Solute Tracer Studies to Assess Mass Recovery at the Detection Limit
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Wondzell Steven M. , Gooseff Michael N. , Covino Tim , Herzog Skuyler , McGlynn Brian , Payn Robert A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStream solute tracers are commonly injected to assess transport and transformation in study reaches, but results are biased toward the shortest and fastest storage locations. While this bias has been understood for decades, the impact of an experimental constraint on our understanding has yet to be considered. Here, we ask how different our understanding of reach‐ and segment‐scale transport would be if our empirical limits were extended. We demonstrate a novel approach to manipulate experimental conditions and observe mass that is stored at timescales beyond the traditional reach‐scale window of detection. We are able to explain the fate of an average of 26% of solute tracer mass that would have been considered as “lost” in a traditional study design across our 14 replicates, extending our detection limits to characterize flowpaths that would have been previously unmeasured. We demonstrate how this formerly lost mass leads to predicting lower magnitudes of gross gains and losses in individual reaches, and ultimately show that the network turnover we infer from solute tracers represents an upper limit on actual, expected behavior. Finally, we review the evolution of tracer studies and their interpretation including this approach and provide a proposed future direction to extend empirical studies to not‐before‐seen timescales.
Riparian Freshwater Lens Response to Flooding
Authors: Wu Huiqiang , Jazayeri Amir , Werner Adrian D. , Tang Hongwu , Lu Chunhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe freshwater lenses (“lenses” hereafter) within saline floodplain aquifers are sensitive to river flooding events. However, the effects of extensive floodplain inundation on saline aquifers are rarely considered and have not been examined previously under controlled laboratory conditions. We conducted laboratory experiments within a two‐dimensional (cross‐section) sand tank (i.e., representing a saline floodplain aquifer) and built both laboratory‐ and field‐scale numerical models to examine lens responses to flood events. Three sets of experiments were performed to explore different lateral extents of floodplain inundation. The temporal behavior of experimental lenses was quantified and compared to variable‐density numerical models that adopted calibrated laboratory parameters, showing good agreement. Results show that more extensive floodplain inundation leads to larger lenses (as expected). The sensitivity analysis was performed based on field‐scale numerical models, demonstrating that the floodplain inundation extent, hydraulic conductivity, and dispersivity are key factors controlling the post‐flood recession in lens extent and volume. In field‐scale simulations of floodplain inundation, the entire lens was significantly salinized during flood recession due to enhanced dispersion accompanying higher groundwater velocities, which may further split into several isolated freshwater bodies before eventually returning to steady‐state conditions. Importantly, field‐scale numerical results indicated that the salt load to the adjacent river increased immediately following the flood event, consistent with reporting of the River Murray (South Australia). These results provide critical new insights into relationships between flood events and the behavior of lenses, highlighting the significance of flooding events on both intermediate and long‐term conditions of saline floodplains.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of GRACE‐Like Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) Reconstruction Products at an Interannual Scale During 1981–2019
Authors: Deng Shanshan , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Wenxi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven the success of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in mapping terrestrial water storage (TWS) since 2002, recent reconstructions of long‐term TWS rely on the use of statistical machine learning to apply GRACE‐derived information to past decades. Evaluating the interannual accuracy during nonobservational periods is a key challenge. This study develops a comprehensive framework to discuss the interannual accuracy of three different TWS reconstructions during 1981–2019, including (a) global‐scale accuracy assessment using GRACE and satellite laser ranging data; (b) regional‐scale accuracy testing across various underlying surfaces (i.e., rivers, lakes, and glaciers); and (c) investigation of relevant evidence from other Earth subsystems (i.e., historic climate events, sea level budget, and polar motion). Among the three reconstructions, the one that additionally corrects glacial TWS changes (REC2) detects a breaking point in the 1990s and further closes the interannual sea level budget with an absolute difference reduction to 5.13 mm; the reconstruction that is forced by local meteorological conditions (REC1), accounting for 54% of the GRACE‐derived signal energy, underestimates glacial TWS variability but outperforms the other reconstructions in reproducing lake levels, basin‐scale water balances, and climate events at the interannual scale, while the others consider 95%–99% of the GRACE‐derived signal energy. The relatively high accuracy of REC1 (and REC2) in reflecting interannual changes in nonglacial (and glacial) regions is further confirmed by explaining the χ2‐ (and χ1‐) component polar motion. Ten to 20% of the interannual polar motion remains unexplained, indicating room for improvement in interannual TWS reconstruction.
Chronically dysregulated corticosterone impairs dopaminergic transmission in the dorsomedial striatum by sex-divergent mechanisms
Authors: Holloway Ashley L. , Schaid Michael D. , Lerner Talia N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Individuals with MDD exhibit decreased motivation and deficits in reward processing. In a subset of MDD patients, chronic dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs, resulting in increased levels of the ‘stress hormone’ cortisol during the normal rest period (i.e., evening and night). However, the mechanistic relationship between chronically elevated resting cortisol and behavioral deficits in motivation and reward processing remains unclear. Given that women are diagnosed with MDD at twice the rate of men, it is important to understand whether the mechanisms linking cortisol to the symptoms of MDD differ by sex. In this study, we used subcutaneous implants to chronically elevate free plasma corticosterone (the rodent homolog of cortisol; ‘CORT’) during the rest period in male and female mice and examined changes in behavior and dopamine system function. We found that chronic CORT treatment impaired motivated reward-seeking in both sexes. In female but not male mice, CORT treatment reduced dopamine content in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS). In male but not female mice, CORT treatment impaired the function of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in DMS. From these studies, we conclude that chronic CORT dysregulation impairs motivation by impairing dopaminergic transmission in the DMS, but via different mechanisms in male and female mice. A better understanding of these sex-specific mechanisms could lead to new directions in MDD diagnosis and treatment.
PRMT6-CDC20 facilitates glioblastoma progression via the degradation of CDKN1B
Authors: Wang Ji , Xiao Zongyu , Li Peng , Wu Chunwang , Li Yan , Wang Qing , Chen Yanming , Zhou Honglong , Li Zhi , Wang Zhaotao , Lan Qing , Wang Yezhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPRMT6, a type I arginine methyltransferase, di-methylates the arginine residues of both histones and non-histones asymmetrically. Increasing evidence indicates that PRMT6 plays a tumor mediator involved in human malignancies. Here, we aim to uncover the essential role and underlying mechanisms of PRMT6 in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) proliferation. Investigation of PRMT6 expression in glioma tissues demonstrated that PRMT6 is overexpressed, and elevated expression of PRMT6 is negatively correlated with poor prognosis in glioma/GBM patients. Silencing PRMT6 inhibited GBM cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, while overexpressing PRMT6 had opposite results. Further, we found that PRMT6 attenuates the protein stability of CDKN1B by promoting its degradation. Subsequent mechanistic investigations showed that PRMT6 maintains the transcription of CDC20 by activating histone methylation mark (H3R2me2a), and CDC20 interacts with and destabilizes CDKN1B. Rescue experimental results confirmed that PRMT6 promotes the ubiquitinated degradation of CDKN1B and cell proliferation via CDC20. We also verified that the PRMT6 inhibitor (EPZ020411) could attenuate the proliferative effect of GBM cells. Our findings illustrate that PRMT6, an epigenetic mediator, promotes CDC20 transcription via H3R2me2a to mediate the degradation of CDKN1B to facilitate GBM progression. Targeting PRMT6-CDC20-CDKN1B axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM.
Targeting PSAT1 to mitigate metastasis in tumors with p53-72Pro variant
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Chen Hai-Ning , Jin Ping , Zhou Li , Peng Liyuan , Huang Zhao , Qin Siyuan , Li Bowen , Ming Hui , Luo Maochao , Xie Na , Gao Wei , Nice Edouard C. , Yu Qiang , Huang Canhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of p53, in particular the codon 72 variants, has recently been implicated as a critical regulator in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we found that cancer cells carrying codon 72-Pro variant of p53 showed impaired metastatic potential upon serine supplementation. Proteome-wide mapping of p53-interacting proteins uncovered a specific interaction of the codon 72 proline variant (but not p5372R) with phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1). Interestingly, p5372P-PSAT1 interaction resulted in dissociation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) that otherwise bound to p5372P, leading to subsequent nuclear translocation of PGC-1α and activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Depletion of PSAT1 restored p5372P-PGC-1α interaction and impeded the OXPHOS and TCA function, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and metastasis suppression. Notably, pharmacological targeting the PSAT1-p5372Pinteraction by aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) crippled the growth of liver cancer cells carrying the p5372Pvariant in both in vitro and patient-derived xenograft models. Moreover, AOA plus regorafenib, an FDA-proved drug for hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, achieved a better anti-tumor effect on tumors carrying the p5372Pvariant. Therefore, our findings identified a gain of function of the p5372Pvariant on mitochondrial function and provided a promising precision strategy to treat tumors vulnerable to p5372P-PSAT1 perturbation.
Effect of climatic parameters on marine atmospheric corrosion: correlation analysis of on-site sensors data
Authors: Daneshian Bahman , Höche Daniel , Knudsen Ole Øystein , Skilbred Anders Werner Bredvei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA good understanding of influencing parameters is required to predict corrosivity in marine and coastal environments. This study investigated the influences of real-time data of (i) air temperature, (ii) sensor surface temperature, (iii) relative humidity, (iv) precipitation, and (v) wind on steel corrosion via data analysis. The results revealed that the time when the sensor surface temperature is below the dewpoint temperature reveals the best correlation with corrosion. Wind speed above 5 m s−1 also correlated with corrosion. At the test site, most of the corrosion occurred during autumn and winter, due to more water condensation and more wind. During spring and summer, there was little corrosion, due to little condensation and dry surfaces.
Stability evaluation and validation of appropriate reference genes for real-time PCR expression analysis of immune genes in the rohu (Labeo rohita) skin following argulosis
Authors: Sahoo Pramoda Kumar , Parida Sonali , Parida Subhadarshini , Parida Priyashree , Paul Anirban 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArgulosis is one of the most unrestrained economically significant freshwater fish ectoparasitic diseases. Proper selection or normalization of the best reference gene governs the accuracy of results of gene expression studies using real-time PCR. Earlier studies in rohu carp (Labeo rohita) have used reference genes without proper validation. Here, seven candidate reference genes viz., acidic ribosomal protein (ARP0), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, RNA polymerase II (RPo), elongation factor1α (EF1α), α- tubulin (AT), ribosomal protein L 10, and β-actin were evaluated using four algorithms (geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder and ∆Ct) followed by a comprehensive gene expression analysis using skin tissue of rohu at varied time points of experimental Argulus siamensis infection. ARP0 and EF1α were found to be the most stable whereas RPo and AT were considered as least stable genes based on basal expression level and variation in expression levels. Validation of candidate reference genes was undertaken by looking into the expression of six immune-related genes using the two most stable and two least stable genes as housekeeping genes in Argulus-infected rohu skin at different time points of infection. An increased expression of immune genes indicated the role of inflammation and the immune modulation process at the site of attachment of parasites in governing infection.