bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of mindfulness on mother–child relationships and maternal well‐being during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in Israel
Authors: Ben Uriel‐Maoz Liat , Lavy Shiri , Berkovich‐Ohana Aviva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch indicates associations of mindfulness with better relationships and well‐being because it promotes decentering and relationship‐related capacities. This study examined the effects of mindfulness on mothers' relationships with their children and well‐being in a challenging time – the first COVID‐19 lockdown. We hypothesized that mothers' relationships and well‐being would deteriorate during the lockdown, but a mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) would mitigate this process because of its effect on mothers' mindfulness and decentering. We surveyed 109 mothers caring for their children (mean age 8.61) during the first lockdown in Israel. First, they completed online questionnaires assessing their interpersonal mindfulness, decentering, relationships with their children and well‐being (including positive and negative affect and life satisfaction). Then, they were randomly assigned to a group: MBI, relaxing music intervention or no intervention. Participants completed the questionnaires again after 2 weeks of daily interventions. Unexpectedly, mothers in all groups improved their relationships with their children and well‐being (their satisfaction with life increased and negative affect decreased) with no significant group differences. Furthermore, the increase in relationship quality was associated with increases in mindfulness and decentering. The findings suggest that crises initially perceived as a threat to mother–child relationships may also present a beneficial opportunity in certain circumstances.
Exploring the emergence of a tipping point for conservation with increased recognition of social considerations
Authors: Melanidis Marina Stavroula , Hagerman Shannon , St‐Laurent Guillaume Peterson , Oakes Lauren E. , Cross Molly S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite a common understanding of the harmful impacts of Western conservation models that separate people from nature, widespread progress toward incorporating socioeconomic, political, cultural, and spiritual considerations in conservation practice is lacking. For some, the concept of nature‐based solutions (NbS) is seen as an interdisciplinary and holistic pathway to better integrate human well‐being in conservation. We examined how conservation practitioners in the United States view NbS and how social considerations are or are not incorporated in conservation adaptation projects. We interviewed 28 individuals working on 15 different such projects associated with the Wildlife Conservation Society's Climate Adaptation Fund. We completed 2 rounds of iterative coding in NVivo 12.6.1 to identify in the full text of all interview responses an a priori set of themes related to our research questions and emergent themes. Many respondents saw this moment as a tipping point for the field (one in which the perceived values of social considerations are increasing in conservation practice) (76%) and that social justice concerns and the need to overcome racist and colonial roots of Western conservation have risen to the forefront. Respondents also tentatively agreed that NbS in conservation could support social and ecological outcomes for conservation, but that it was far from guaranteed. Despite individual intention and awareness among practitioners to incorporate social considerations in conservation practice, structural barriers, including limited funding and inflexible grant structures, continue to constrain systemic change. Ultimately, systemic changes that address power and justice in policy and practice are required to leverage this moment to more fully address social considerations in conservation.
The impact of medical insurance payment systems on patient choice, provider behavior, and out‐of‐pocket rate: Fee‐for‐service versus diagnosis‐related groups
Authors: Fan Wenjuan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Pei Jun , Yan Ping , Qiu Liangfei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe medical insurance payment system (MIPS) is a key mechanism to ensure the public's access to medical services. In a game‐theoretic model, we examine the impact of two MIPSs, fee‐for‐service (FFS) and diagnosis‐related groups (DRG), on patient choices, provider behavior, and out‐of‐pocket rate. We find that neither FFS nor DRG can dominate the other in all three aspects: social welfare, provider profit, and total patient surplus. In particular, under DRG, the out‐of‐pocket rate for patients is lower, and the total patient surplus is higher than that under FFS. However, patients with lower illness severity tend to not participate in DRG, while FFS can make all patients participate in the program. Furthermore, when the marginal cost of medical services is high, the profit of the provider and social welfare under DRG is higher than those under FFS, otherwise lower. After interviewing hospital leaders, we further investigate two extended (pilot) payment systems: DRG with two price groups, and the hybrid model incorporating both FFS and DRG. We find that both models contribute to improving provider behavior, making more patients choose the provider, but are still not perfect payment systems due to lower provider profit or social welfare. Our findings offer important insights for policymakers regarding implementing medical insurance reform in practice.
Altered task demands lead to a division of labour for sensory and cognitive processing in the middle temporal area
Authors: Scott Hayden , Wimmer Klaus , Pasternak Tatiana , Snyder Adam C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeurons in the primate middle temporal (MT) area signal information about visual motion and work together with the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) to support memory‐guided comparisons of visual motion direction. These areas are reciprocally connected, and both contain neurons that signal visual motion direction in the strength of their responses. Previously, LPFC was shown to display marked changes in stimulus coding with altered task demands, including changes in selectivity for motion direction, trial‐to‐trial variability in responses and comparison effects. Since MT and LPFC are directly interconnected, we sought to determine if MT neurons display similar dependence on task demands. We found that active participation in a motion direction comparison task affected both sensory and nonsensory activity in MT neurons. In fact, neurons that became less selective for motion direction during the active task showed increased signalling for cognitive aspects of the task. This heterogeneity in neural modification with heightened task demands suggests a division of labour in MT, whereby sensory and cognitive signals are both heightened in different subpopulations of neurons.
An improved fixture for better measuring the displacements and mode‐I fracture toughness of chevron bend specimens
Authors: Cui Zhendong , Wei Tao , Zhao Leilei , Si Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe load versus load point displacement (LPD) curve is significant for the nonlinearity corrections for the mode‐I fracture toughness of chevron bend (CB) specimens. The testing fixture plays a crucial role in measuring load versus LPD curves. To better measure the LPDs of CB specimens, we developed an improved fixture system consisting of an understructure and a yoke based on the traditional saddle arrangement fixture suggested by ISRM. With the aid of the improved fixture, continuous synchronized LPDs and CMODs are measured, and nonlinearity corrections are conducted. After nonlinearity corrections, the data of mode‐I fracture toughness become more comparable and present a better regularity among different specimen diameters and variant rock types. Repeated tests verify that the improved fixture has the advantages of higher stability and more convenient installation, removal, and adjustment, which can enhance the testing robustness and efficiency.
Patch‐burn management affects grassland butterfly communities in cattle‐grazed rangelands
Authors: Geest Emily A. , Moranz Ray A. , Baum Kristen A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrassland butterflies are undergoing worldwide population decline due to habitat loss and degradation. Rangelands in the Southern Great Plains can provide a habitat for grassland butterflies depending on management practices. Patch‐burn grazing is a management regime that involves burning portions of grazed pastures at different times. The combination of rotational fire and grazing creates a shifting mosaic of recently burned to older burned areas and lightly grazed to heavily grazed areas. However, the impact of fire and grazing on butterfly communities is complex and the effects of different management regimes on butterfly communities are not clear.We investigated the impact of time since prescribed fire and season of fire on butterfly communities in eight cattle‐grazed pastures, each with three burn units, in northern Oklahoma. Treatments included units burned in spring 2018, summer 2018, summer 2019, and spring 2020, with three replicates of each for a total of 12 burn units. Surveys were conducted three times per year in each burn unit in 2019 and 2020 using two standardised Pollard transects.A total of 909 butterflies and 35 species were observed. Species diversity varied by time since fire and season of fire, with spring‐burned sites having the lowest species diversity and summer‐burned sites having the highest. Dominant vegetation cover and blooming forb presence differed with time since fire and season of fire.Patch‐burn grazing creates a mosaic of successional vegetation stages which can benefit different butterfly species and support the overall community. Some species such asCercyonis pegala,Danaus plexippus, andAtrytone arogosmay benefit from fire every 1–2 years, while other species such asEchinargus isolamay need longer times between fire treatments. Patch‐burn grazing regimes can support butterfly communities with species that need different fire return intervals by providing a mosaic of areas with different times since fire and associated grazing intensities.
Effect of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter on cardiac tissue of NZBWF1 mice
Authors: Waked Dunia , Rodrigues Ana Clara B. , Silva Thamires Moraes , Yariwake Victor Yuji , Farhat Sylvia Costa Lima , Veras Mariana Matera 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. Long‐term exposure to PM may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and reduce life expectancy. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, autoimmune in nature, that is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that affects several organs, including the heart. Air pollution ‐ which can be caused by several different factors ‐ may be one of the most important points both at the onset and the natural history of SLE. Therefore this study aims to investigate whether exposure to air pollution promotes increased inflammation and cardiac remodelling in animals predisposed to SLE. Female NZBWF1 mice were exposed to an environmental particle concentrator. Aspects related to cardiac remodelling, inflammation and apoptosis were analysed in the myocardium. Body weight gain, cardiac trophism by heart/body weight ratio, relative area of cardiomyocytes and the fibrotic area of cardiac tissue were evaluated during the exposure period. Animals exposed to PM2.5 showed increased area of cardiomyocytes, and area of fibrosis; in addition, we observed an increase in IL‐1 and C3 in the cardiac tissue, demonstrating increased inflammation. We suggest that air pollution is capable of promoting cardiac remodelling and increased inflammation in animals predisposed to SLE.
Micropatterning of alumina tubular membranes via laser carving for enhanced direct air capture
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Gao Xin , Omosebi Ayokunle , Zhu Feng , Thompson Jesse , Patrick Aron , Liu Kunlei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn approach for preparing and applying micropatterned alumina tubular membranes was developed for improved gas‐liquid contact at low air pressure drop in direct air capture application. The paper demonstrated that the laser carving of micropatterns on the outer surface of the alumina tubular membranes could greatly increase their outer surface area and enhance gas‐liquid turbulence for a reduced diffusion mass transfer resistance. Six kinds of micropattern configurations were fabricated and studied, including random and regular micropatterns. By introducing a 500‐µm solid grid micropattern, the outer surface area doubles and enhances carbon dioxide capture efficiency from 61% to 97% after the membrane was hydrophobically modified with fluoroalkylsilane. The air pressure drop through the tube lumen remained low even when the packing density increased from 382 to 906 m2/m3. The liquid entry pressure of this micropatterned membrane was the same after testing for 220 h running with the help of periodic drying.
Effect of Fe2O3 additive on the preparation of Si3N4−Si2N2O composite ceramics via diamond‐wire saw silicon waste
Authors: Fang Zheyu , Sun Yue , Mi Zhishan , Jin Xing , Ran Songlin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, Si3N4−Si2N2O composite ceramics were prepared through a two‐step combination of the direct nitriding method and spark plasma sintering method with diamond‐wire saw silicon waste in the photovoltaic industry as raw material. The whole holding time at the constant temperature of the preparing process only lasts 35 min, in which the nitriding time only takes 30 min and the sintering time only takes 5 min. The effects of the Fe2O3 additive on the nitriding and sintering process were investigated in detail. The results show that the Fe2O3 additive accelerates the nitriding process by promoting the formation and diffusion of the gas phase and reducing the apparent activation energy of the reaction between the gas phase containing silicon and N2. Meanwhile, the Fe2O3 additive also promotes the sintering process by lowering the eutectic temperature of the SiO2−Al2O3 and the SiO2−Y2O3 binary system. The optimal technical parameters follow the nitriding temperature of 1400°C, the nitriding time of 30 min, the sintering temperature of 1800°C, and the sintering time of 5 min. The Si3N4−Si2N2O composite ceramic prepared under the above conditions exhibits good performance with an apparent porosity of 2.7%, Vickers hardness of 16.54 GPa, and fracture toughness of 4.1 MPa·m1/2.
Encapsulation of Lacto‐N‐biose based on ovalbumin and carboxymethyl cellulose microparticles: fabrication, characterisation and thermal stability
Authors: Huang Xin , Sun Yue , Li Suhong , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Li Tuoping 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTo improve the thermal stability Lacto‐N‐biose (LNB), it was encapsulated by the OVA‐CMC microparticles system. When the mass ratio of OVA:CMC:LNB was 1.5:1:1, the particle size of microparticles was 623 ± 4 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of 83 ± 1.38% and 45 ± 0.92% respectively. Analysis with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the OVA‐CMC‐LNB microparticles were spherical and uniformly distributed. The hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions were the main forces to assemble the microparticles. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of microparticles remained stable at 240 °C. The residual amount of LNB in microparticles reached 94.3 ± 1.03% and 78.8 ± 2.38% after being heated at 90 °C for 10 and 30 min, and the thermal stability was greatly improved. In vitro simulated digestion experiments showed that the release rate of LNB in microparticles reached 95 ± 1.31%. These results provided a theoretical and technological approach for the construction of LNB delivery system improved thermal stability.
Artificial intelligence in medical imaging for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis: A systematic review with scientometric analysis
Authors: Njei Basile , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Seto Nancy , McCarty Thomas R. , Mohan Babu P. , Fozo Lydia , Navaneethan Udayakumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI), by means of computer vision in machine learning, is a promising tool for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) diagnosis. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of AI in medical imaging for CCA diagnosis.MethodsA systematic review with scientometric analysis was conducted to analyze and visualize the state‐of‐the‐art of medical imaging to diagnosis CCA.ResultsFifty relevant articles, published by 232 authors and affiliated with 68 organizations and 10 countries, were reviewed in depth. The country with the highest number of publications was China, followed by the United States. Collaboration was noted for 51 (22.0%) of the 232 authors forming five clusters. Deep learning algorithms with convolutional neural networks (CNN) were the most frequently used classifiers. The highest performance metrics were observed with CNN‐cholangioscopy for diagnosis of extrahepatic CCA (accuracy 94.9%; sensitivity 94.7%; and specificity 92.1%). However, some of the values for CNN in CT imaging for diagnosis of intrahepatic CCA were low (AUC 0.72 and sensitivity 44%).ConclusionOur results suggest that there is increasing evidence to support the role of AI in the diagnosis of CCA. CNN‐based computer vision of cholangioscopy images appears to be the most promising modality for extrahepatic CCA diagnosis. Our social network analysis highlighted an Asian and American predominance in the research relational network of AI in CCA diagnosis. This discrepancy presents an opportunity for coordination and increased collaboration, especially with institutions located in high CCA burdened countries.
Predictors of mobility status one year post hip fracture among community‐dwelling older adults prior to fracture: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Bajracharya Rashmita , Guralnik Jack M. , Shardell Michelle D. , Hochberg Marc C. , Orwig Denise L. , Magaziner Jay S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrthopedists and other clinicians assess recovery potential of hip fracture patients at 2 months post‐fracture for care planning. It is unclear if examining physical performance (e.g., balance, gait speed, chair stand) during this follow‐up visit can identify individuals at a risk of poor functional recovery, especially mobility, beyond available information from medical records and self‐report.MethodsData came from 162 patients with hip fracture enrolled in the Baltimore Hip Studies‐7th cohort. Predictors of mobility status (ability to walk 1 block at 12 months post‐fracture) were the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) comprising balance, walking and chair rise tasks at 2 months; baseline medical chart information (sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status rating, type of fracture and surgery, and comorbidities); and self‐reported information about the physical function (ability to walk 10 feet and 1 block at pre‐fracture and at 2 months post‐fracture). Prediction models of 12‐month mobility status were built using two methods: (1) logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization, and (2) classification and regression trees (CART). Area under ROC curves (AUROC) assessed discrimination.ResultsThe participants had a median age of 82 years, and 49.3% (n = 80) were men. Two‐month SPPB and gait speed were selected as predictors of 12‐month mobility by both methods. Compared with an analytic model with medical chart and self‐reported information, the model that additionally included physical performance measures had significantly better discrimination for 12‐month mobility (AUROC 0.82 vs. 0.88, p = 0.004).ConclusionAssessing SPPB and gait speed at 2 months after a hip fracture in addition to information from medical records and self‐report significantly improves prediction of 12‐month mobility. This finding has important implications in providing tailored clinical care to patients at a greater risk of being functionally dependent who would not otherwise be identified using regularly measured clinical markers.
Associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease in older adults with intellectual disabilities: Results of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability study
Authors: de Leeuw M. J. , Oppewal A. , Elbers R. G. , Hilgenkamp T. I. M. , Bindels P. J. E. , Maes‐Festen D. A. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundReduced physical fitness is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in the general population. However, generalising these results to older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) may be inappropriate given their pre‐existing low physical fitness levels and high prevalence of co‐morbidities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in physical fitness between older adults with ID with and without CVD.MethodBaseline data of a cohort of older adults with borderline to profound ID (HA‐ID study) were used (n = 684; 61.6 ± 8.2 years; 51.3% male). CVD status (coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke) was obtained from medical files. Cardiorespiratory fitness (10‐m incremental shuttle walking test), comfortable and fast gait speed (over 5 m distance) and grip strength (hand dynamometer) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the association between these physical fitness components and the presence of CVD, adjusted for participant characteristics.ResultsOf the 684 participants 78 (11.4%) had CVD. Participants with CVD scored lower on cardiorespiratory fitness (−81.4 m, P = 0.002), comfortable gait speed (−0.3 km/h, P = 0.04) and fast gait speed (−1.1 km/h, P = 0.04). No significant differences were found for grip strength (−0.2 kg, P = 0.89).ConclusionsOlder adults with CVD had significantly lower physical fitness levels than those without CVD, except for grip strength. Longitudinal research is needed to investigate causality.
New aerosol‐decreasing dental handpiece functions sufficiently decrease pulp temperature: An in vitro study
Authors: Lau Xin Er , Ma Sunyoung , Choi Joanne Jung Eun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the changes in intrapulpal temperature between electric high‐speed handpieces of different coolant functions (‘Water Jet’ and ‘Water Spray’), coolant port designs (1‐ and 4‐port), suction use, and bur and tooth types using an experimental in vitro setup.Materials and methodsForty‐four extracted anterior and posterior teeth were collected. A total of 18 groove cuts (n = 18/coolant port spray design, bur and tooth type group) and 12 groove cuts (n = 12/tooth type and suction use) were completed, with a total of 264 groove cuts. Real‐time temperature and duration were recorded at 1‐s intervals throughout the preparation process using a thermocouple and digital data logger setup (GFX Data Logger Series and EL USB‐TC; Lascar Electronics Inc., USA), and the data retrieved using EasyLog Software (EasyLog USB; Lascar Electronics Inc., USA). Statistical analysis was performed (SPSS V.27) for the change in temperature using the analysis of variance and post hoc analysis.ResultsThe majority of the specimen cuts, regardless of tooth (anterior or posterior) and bur (diamond or carbide) types, handpiece coolant port design, and suction use showed an overall decreasing trend in intrapulpal temperature. No cuts caused a mean temperature change that reached the critical temperature of 42.5°C or resulted in an overall increase in intrapulpal temperature when the 60‐s duration was completed.ConclusionsThe tested electric handpieces efficiently reduced intrapulpal temperature, with the majority displaying a decreasing trend. A greater decrease in intrapulpal temperature was observed in canines compared to premolars; carbide burs compared to diamond; and with no suction preparations compared to when suction was used.