bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detector induced anisotropies on the angular distribution of gravitational wave sources and opportunities of constraining horizon scale anisotropies
Authors: Li Mingzheng , Zhang Pengjie , Zhao Wen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The cosmological principle has been verified using electromagnetic observations. However its verification with high accuracy is challenging due to various foregrounds and selection effects, and possible violation of the cosmological principle has been reported in the literature. In contrast, gravitational wave (GW) observations are free of these foregrounds and related selection biases. This may enable future GW experiments to test the cosmological principle robustly with full sky distribution of millions of standard bright/dark sirens. However, the sensitivities of GW detectors are highly anisotropic, resulting in significant instrument induced anisotropies in the observed GW catalogue. We investigate these instrumental effects for 3rd generation detector networks in term of multipoles aℓm of the observed GW source distribution, using Monte Carlo simulations. (1) We find that the instrument induced anisotropy primarily exists at the m = 0 modes on large scales (ℓ ≲ 10), with amplitude 〈|aℓ0|2〉 ∼ 10−3 for two detectors (ET-CE) and ∼10−4 for three detectors (ET-2CE). This anisotropy is correlated with the sky distribution of signal-to-noise ratio and localization accuracy. Such anisotropy sets a lower limit on the detectable cosmological aℓ0. (2) However, we find that the instrument induced anisotropy is efficiently cancelled by rotation of the Earth in m ≠ 0 components of aℓm. Therefore aℓm (m ≠ 0) are clean windows to detect cosmological anisotropies. (3) We investigate the capability of 3rd generation GW experiments to measure the cosmic dipole. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we find that cosmic dipole with an amplitude of ∼10−2 reported in the literature can be detected/ruled out by ET-CE and ET-2CE robustly, through the measurement of a11.
Progenitors and explosion properties of supernova remnants hosting central compact objects: II. A global systematic study with a comparison to nucleosynthesis models
Authors: Braun C , Safi-Harb S , Fryer C L , Zhou P 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Core-collapse explosions of massive stars leave behind neutron stars, with a known diversity that includes the ‘Central Compact Objects’ (CCOs). Typified by the neutron star discovered near the centre of the Cas A supernova remnant (SNR), CCOs have been observed to shine only in X-rays. To address their supernova progenitors, we perform a systematic study of SNRs that contain a CCO and display X-ray emission from their shock-heated ejecta. We make use of X-ray data primarily using the Chandra X-ray observatory, complemented with XMM–Newton. This study uses a systematic approach to the analysis of each SNR aimed at addressing the supernova progenitor as well as the explosion properties (energy and ambient density). After fitting for the ejecta abundances estimated from a spatially resolved spectroscopic study, we compare the data to six nucleosynthesis models making predictions on supernova ejecta yields in core-collapse explosions. We find that the explosion models commonly used by the astrophysics community do not match the ejecta yields for any of the SNRs, suggesting additional physics, for example multidimensional explosion models or updated progenitor structures, are required. Overall we find low-mass (≤25 solar masses) progenitors among the massive stars population and low-energy explosions (&lt;1051 ergs). We discuss degeneracies in our model fitting, particularly how altering the explosion energy affects the estimate of the progenitor mass. Our systematic study highlights the need for improving on the theoretical models for nucleosynthesis predictions as well as for sensitive, high-resolution spectroscopy observations to be acquired with next generation X-ray missions.
Full spectrum fitting with photometry in ppxf: stellar population versus dynamical masses, non-parametric star formation history and metallicity for 3200 LEGA-C galaxies at redshift z ≈ 0.8
Authors: Cappellari Michele 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
I introduce some improvements to the ppxf method, which measures the stellar and gas kinematics, star formation history (SFH) and chemical composition of galaxies. I describe the new optimization algorithm that ppxf uses and the changes I made to fit both spectra and photometry simultaneously. I apply the updated ppxf method to a sample of 3200 galaxies at redshift 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1 (median z = 0.76, stellar mass $M_\ast \gtrsim 3\times 10^{10}$ M⊙), using spectroscopy from the LEGA-C survey (DR3) and 28-bands photometry from two different sources. I compare the masses from new JAM dynamical models with the ppxf stellar population M* and show the latter are more reliable than previous estimates. I use three different stellar population synthesis (SPS) models in ppxf and both photometric sources. I confirm the main trend of the galaxies’ global ages and metallicity [M/H] with stellar velocity dispersion σ* (or central density), but I also find that [M/H] depends on age at fixed σ*. The SFHs reveal a sharp transition from star formation to quenching for galaxies with $\lg (\sigma _\ast /\mathrm{km}\, s^{-1})\gtrsim 2.3$ ($\sigma _\ast \gtrsim 200$$\mathrm{km}\, s^{-1}$), or average mass density within 1 kpc $\lg (\Sigma _1^{\rm JAM}/\mathrm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }kpc^{-2}})\gtrsim 9.9$ ($\Sigma _1^{\rm JAM}\gtrsim 7.9\times 10^9\, \mathrm{\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\ kpc^{-2}}$), or with $[M/H]\gtrsim -0.1$, or with Sersic index $\lg n_{\rm Ser}\gtrsim 0.5$ ($n_{\rm Ser}\gtrsim 3.2$). However, the transition is smoother as a function of M*. These results are consistent for two SPS models and both photometric sources, but they differ significantly from the third SPS model, which demonstrates the importance of comparing model assumptions.
Tracing dense gas in six resolved GMCs of the Andromeda Galaxy
Authors: Forbrich Jan , Lada Charles J , Pety Jérôme , Petitpas Glen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present dense-gas-tracing molecular observations of six resolved Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). Using the NOEMA interferometer, we observed the transitions of HCN(1–0), HCO+(1–0), and HNC(1–0), as well as 13CO(1–0) and 100 GHz continuum emission. This complements our earlier work with the Submillimetre Array, including resolved dust continuum detections of these clouds at 230 GHz. In this work, we first compare different continuum measurements to conclude that the average free–free contamination of the observed flux is 71 per cent at 3 mm but only 13 per cent at 1 mm, confirming that emission at 3 mm is less reliable than that at 1 mm for calculating dust masses of star-forming clouds. While the 13CO emission is more extended than both HCN and HCO+ emission, which in turn is more extended than HNC emission, we find that both HCN and HCO+ are spatially coincident with, and similarly extended as, the 230 GHz dust emission. This suggests that both the 230 GHz dust continuum and most importantly the HCN emission traces the dense gas component of these GMCs. From comparison of the molecular emission with dust masses derived from the 230 GHz continuum emission, we obtain the first direct measurements of the dust-mass-to-light ratios ($\alpha ^\prime _{\rm HCN}$ and $\alpha ^\prime _{\rm HCO^+}$) in GMCs of an external galaxy. For HCN, the result is broadly similar to a measurement in the local Perseus cloud suggesting that these are indeed dense gas conversion factors. A larger cloud sample will be required to assess whether HCN is tracing comparable cloud-scale density regimes across the environments of M31.
Dear Magellanic Clouds, welcome back!
Authors: Vasiliev Eugene 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We propose a scenario in which the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is on its second passage around the Milky Way. Using a series of tailored N-body simulations, we demonstrate that such orbits are consistent with current observational constraints on the mass distribution and relative velocity of both galaxies. The previous pericentre passage of the LMC could have occurred 5–10 Gyr ago at a distance ≳ 100 kpc, large enough to retain its current population of satellites. The perturbations of the Milky Way halo induced by the LMC look nearly identical to the first-passage scenario, however, the distribution of LMC debris is considerably broader in the second-passage model. We examine the likelihood of current and past association with the Magellanic system for dwarf galaxies in the Local Group, and find that in addition to 10–11 current LMC satellites, it could have brought a further four to six galaxies that have been lost after the first pericentre passage. In particular, four of the classical dwarfs – Carina, Draco, Fornax, and Ursa Minor – each have an ∼50 per cent probability of once belonging to the Magellanic system, thus providing a possible explanation for the ‘plane of satellites’ conundrum.
Treatment with cholesterol just after thawing maintains the fertility of bull sperm
Authors: Islam Md Mazharul , Umehara Takashi , Tsujita Natsumi , Koyago Masanori , Shimada Masayuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFreezing and thawing diminish sperm motility and fertility by disrupting the cholesterol balance in sperm plasma and organelle membranes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms through which exogeneous cholesterol treatment enhances the quality of frozen-thawed bull sperm. The incorporation of cholesterol was investigated using boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-cholesterol, and BODIPY signals were detected not only in the plasma membrane but also in the midpiece region immediately after thawing. The positive signal of cholesterol in the midpiece region was inhibited by a scavenger receptor class B Type I (SR-BI) inhibitor, block lipid transport 1 (BLT-1). To comprehend the role of exogenous cholesterol in the functions of the plasma membrane, propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V and peanut agglutinin lectin (PNA) staining were performed. The results showed that treatment with exogenous cholesterol increased the number of acrosome-intact sperm and decreased the number of sperm with damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, since BODIPY signals were also observed in the midpiece region, mitochondrial function was evaluated using a flux analyzer and a flow cytometer with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining, revealing an increase in the number of sperm with high-mitochondrial activity and oxygen consumption. Finally, to assess sperm fertility, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and IVF were carried out. Sperm velocities and fertilization rates in IVF were significantly enhanced by the addition of cholesterol just after thawing. Thus, the treatment with cholesterol after thawing protected the plasma membrane from the stress of thawing and maintained mitochondrial function, thereby preserving the fertilization ability of frozen-thawed bull sperm for conventional IVF and artificial insemination (AI). Therefore, the application of cholesterol just after thawing is a promising option for improving the fertility of frozen-thawed sperm.
Lipid kinase PIP5K1A regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis through interacting with nuclear export protein XPO5
Authors: Li Chun , Yoon Bohyung , Stefani Giovanni , Slack Frank J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans. The let-7 miRNA is highly conserved in sequence, biogenesis and function from C. elegans to humans. During miRNA biogenesis, XPO5-mediated nuclear export of pre-miRNAs is a rate-limiting step and, therefore, might be critical for the quantitative control of miRNA levels, yet little is known about how this is regulated. Here we show a novel role for lipid kinase PPK-1/PIP5K1A (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase) in regulating miRNA levels. We found that C. elegans PPK-1 functions in the lin-28/let-7 heterochronic pathway, which regulates the strict developmental timing of seam cells. In C. elegans and human cells, PPK-1/PIP5K1A regulates let-7 miRNA levels. We investigated the mechanism further in human cells and show that PIP5K1A interacts with nuclear export protein XPO5 in the nucleus to regulate mature miRNA levels by blocking the binding of XPO5 to pre-let-7 miRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this role for PIP5K1A is kinase-independent. Our study uncovers the novel finding of a direct connection between PIP5K1A and miRNA biogenesis. Given that miRNAs are implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, this new finding might lead to a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Stray radiation dose reduction using a backscatter shield and a rectangular collimator for a handheld intraoral X-ray unit
Authors: Otaka Yusei , Harata Yasuo , Izawa Maki , Shiba Noriyoshi , Iwawaki Atsushi , Ishii Takeru , Ochiai Akihiro , Takahashi Nobutoshi , Saka Hideki , Kito Shinji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to study the dose reduction effect on occupational exposure of operators and public exposure other than operators when a backscatter shield and a rectangular collimator are used in conjunction with a handheld intraoral X-ray unit. The occupational exposure was reduced to 40% when the backscatter shield was attached to the cone-tip, to 13% when the rectangular collimator was attached and to 7.7% when the backscatter shield and rectangular collimator were used together. On the other hand, the public exposure was reduced to 20% when the rectangular collimator was attached, but the backscatter shield was not effective in reducing the public exposure. Attaching a backscatter shield is effective in reducing the occupational exposure, and a rectangular aperture is effective in reducing the occupational exposure, as well as the public exposure.
Perspectives on Sedation Among Interdisciplinary Team Members in ICU: A Survey Study
Authors: Fuchita Mikita , Blaine Caitlin , Keyworth Alexis , Morfin Kathryn , Primi Blake , Ridgeway Kyle , Stake Nikki , Watson Helen , Matlock Dan , Mehta Anuj B. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the interdisciplinary team members’ beliefs and attitudes about sedation when caring for mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING:
A 17-bed cardiothoracic ICU at a tertiary care academic hospital in Colorado.

SUBJECTS:
All nurses, physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), respiratory therapists, physical therapists (PTs), and occupational therapists (OTs) who work in the cardiothoracic ICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We modified a validated survey instrument to evaluate perspectives on sedation across members of the interdisciplinary ICU team. Survey responses were collected anonymously from 111 members (81% response rate). Respondents were predominantly female (70 [63%]). Most respondents across disciplines (94%) believed that their sedation practice made a difference in patients’ outcomes. More nurses (48%), APPs (62%), and respiratory therapists (50%) believed that sedation could help alleviate the psychologic stress that patients experience on the ventilator than physicians (19%) and PTs/OTs (0%) (p = 0.008). The proportion of respondents who preferred to be sedated if they were mechanically ventilated themselves varied widely by discipline: respiratory therapists (88%), nurses (83%), APPs (54%), PTs/OTs (38%), and physicians (19%) (p < 0.001). In our exploratory analysis, listeners of an educational podcast had beliefs and attitudes more aligned with best evidence-based practices than nonlisteners.

CONCLUSIONS:
We discovered significant interdisciplinary differences in the beliefs and attitudes regarding sedation use in the ICU. Since all ICU team members are involved in managing mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU, aligning the mental models of sedation may be essential to enhance interprofessional collaboration and promote sedation best practices.
Utility of Dermoscopy Training in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Skin Lesions Among Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Middleton Hayden T. , Swanson David L. , Sartori-Valinotti Julio C. , O'Laughlin Danielle J. , Pham Van , Boswell Christopher L. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
Patients often first present to their primary care provider for skin lesion concerns, and dermoscopy is a tool that enhances diagnostic acumen of both malignant and benign skin lesions. Physician assistants (PAs) frequently serve as primary care and dermatology providers, but to our knowledge, no current research on dermoscopy expertise with PAs exists. We hypothesize that PA students could be taught dermoscopy based on the triage amalgamated dermoscopic algorithm (TADA) to increase their diagnostic skill, as previously shown with medical students.

Methods
Dermoscopy was taught to first-year PA students at all 5 PA programs in the state of Minnesota. The training was 50 minutes in length and focused on the fundamentals of the TADA method. Physician assistant students participated in a pretraining and post-training test, consisting of 30 dermoscopic images.

Results
A total of 139/151 (92%) PA students completed both the pretraining and post-training tests. Overall, mean scores for all students increased significantly (P < .0001) after dermoscopy training was given (18.5 ± 7.1 vs. 23.8 ± 6.7).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that after TADA training, PA students improved their ability to assess dermoscopy images of both skin cancer and benign lesions accurately, suggesting that PAs can be trained as novice dermoscopists and provide better dermatologic care to patients. We strongly encourage integration of dermoscopy into didactic education across PA programs. Implementing a dermoscopy curriculum in established PA programs will enable future PAs to provide better clinical care when evaluating skin lesions.
Metastatic Clear Cell-Renal Cell Carcinoma in Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
Authors: Cohen Ariel T. , Hamouda Danae M. , Jerew Katherine S. , Blomquist Thomas M. , Petros Firas G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis harboring a mutated gene encoding for a protein known as folliculin. BHD is associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially chromophobe/oncocytic hybrid tumors. The mutations driving clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in BHD remain investigational. We describe a case of BHD syndrome with a metachronous metastatic ccRCC and genomic alterations.
Orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma treated by radiotherapy combined with anlotinib in a 13-year-old girl: A case report
Authors: Wu Xue , Qiao Lili , Tian Tiantian , Shu Yang , Zhang Yingying 
Published: September 2023

Rationale:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of orbit is a very rare epithelial tumor, often originating from the lacrimal glands. At the same time, treatment options are currently limited, such as radiation, chemotherapy. We report a case of a patient treated with antirotinib combined with radiotherapy.

Patient concerns:
A 13-year-old girl was initially admitted with “left eye swelling for over half a year, 12 days after surgery for left orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma”. Initial swelling of the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye, with gradual enlargement and occasional pain.

Diagnoses:
Left orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Interventions:
After diagnosis of orbital ACC, she underwent resection of the left orbital mass, and received 33 times of adjuvant radiotherapy, but brain metastases appeared later. She refused further treatment, and received 25 times of radiotherapy and anlotinib therapy after the disease progressed again.

Outcomes:
Now the patient has been followed up for 8 months, but no progress was found.

Lessons:
Based on this, we hypothesized that radiation therapy in combination with anlotinib is effective for ACC or ACC metastases.
Bioinformatics led discovery of biomarkers related to immune infiltration in diabetes nephropathy
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen Shengwu , Gao Yixuan , Zhou Hongli 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The leading cause of end-stage renal disease is diabetic nephropathy (DN). A key factor in DN is immune cell infiltration (ICI). It has been shown that immune-related genes play a significant role in inflammation and immune cell recruitment. However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor immune-related biomarkers have been identified in DNs. Using bioinformatics, this study investigated biomarkers associated with immunity in DN.

Methods:
Using bioinformatic methods, this study aimed to identify biomarkers and immune infiltration associated with DN. Gene expression profiles (GSE30528, GSE47183, and GSE104948) were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, we identified 23 differentially expressed immune-related genes and 7 signature genes, LYZ, CCL5, ALB, IGF1, CXCL2, NR4A2, and RBP4. Subsequently, protein–protein interaction networks were created, and functional enrichment analysis and genome enrichment analysis were performed using the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome databases. In the R software, the ConsensusClusterPlus package identified 2 different immune modes (cluster A and cluster B) following the consistent clustering method. The infiltration of immune cells between the 2 clusters was analyzed by applying the CIBERSORT method. And preliminarily verified the characteristic genes through in vitro experiments.

Results:
In this study, the samples of diabetes nephropathy were classified based on immune related genes, and the Hub genes LYZ, CCL5, ALB, IGF1, CXCL2, NR4A2 and RBP4 related to immune infiltration of diabetes nephropathy were obtained through the analysis of gene expression differences between different subtypes.

Conclusions:
This study was based on bioinformatics technology to analyze the biomarkers of immune related genes in diabetes nephropathy. To analyze the pathogenesis of diabetes nephropathy at the RNA level, and ultimately provide guidance for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast: a case report
Authors: Rhoul Chafik , Kharkhach Ayoub , Aabdi Houssam , Atmani Abderrahman , Mhand Mohammed , Seghrouchni Noura , Amal Bennani , Bouhout Tarik , Serji Badr , El Harroudi Tijani 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Breast angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive tumour affecting adult women. It can occur in two forms, primary form and secondary forms or radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma affecting patients with history of breast or chest radiotherapy.

Case presentation:
The authors report a new case of breast angiosarcoma in 52-year-old women, with history of invasive ductal carcinoma, and reporting a discoloration of her breast skin. The patient did undergo a mastectomy of right breast and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion/discussion:
Surgery with total excision associated or not to adjuvant chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice in breast angiosarcoma.