bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from Japanese Businesses: Ethics in Operational Excellence
Authors: Hennig Alicia , Romar Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHumanistic management in a non-Western context is underexplored, for example, in Japan. Despite numerous publications especially on Japanese management in the 1980s to 1990s the topic of humanistic management in a Japanese context remains largely unexplored. Using Toyota as a case, this article illustrates how a company has systematically implemented Japanese ethical principles based upon Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Shintoism in its corporate ethics and operations. These moral philosophies emphasize self-improvement, social cooperation, and contribution to society as foundations for good behavior regardless of an individual’s social position. We link some of these philosophic elements with humanistic management in an Asian context. In addition, we came to understand that Toyota’s organizational architecture, i.e., production system and product development rely on an integrated ethical system as their fundamental purpose of business activities, including an expectation that all workers collectively contribute to organizational success and harmony. This differs from many Western approaches which see profit as the purpose of the firm and view their ethical responsibilities in an ex-post fashion. These findings are important, as the scope of humanistic management practices globally needs to be expanded.
Constitutive basis of root system architecture: uncovering a promising trait for breeding nutrient- and drought-resilient crops
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Qin Tongfei , Atienza Michaella , Zhao Yang , Nguyen Hanh , Sheng Huajin , Olukayode Toluwase , Song Hao , Panjvani Karim , Magalhaes Jurandir , Lucas William J. , Kochian Leon V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRoot system architecture (RSA) plays a pivotal role in efficient uptake of essential nutrients, such as phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N), and water. In soils with heterogeneous nutrient distribution, root plasticity can optimize acquisition and plant growth. Here, we present evidence that a constitutive RSA can confer benefits for sorghum grown under both sufficient and limiting growth conditions. Our studies, using P efficient SC103 and inefficient BTx635 sorghum cultivars, identified significant differences in root traits, with SC103 developing a larger root system with more and longer lateral roots, and enhanced shoot biomass, under both nutrient sufficient and deficient conditions. In addition to this constitutive attribute, under P deficiency, both cultivars exhibited an initial increase in lateral root development; however, SC103 still maintained the larger root biomass. Although N deficiency and drought stress inhibited both root and shoot growth, for both sorghum cultivars, SC103 again maintained the better performance. These findings reveal that SC103, a P efficient sorghum cultivar, also exhibited enhanced growth performance under N deficiency and drought. Our results provide evidence that this constitutive nature of RSA can provide an avenue for breeding nutrient- and drought-resilient crops.
Seasonal glacier change revealed from the real-time monitoring platform on Baishui River Glacier No.1 in Yulong Snow Mountain, Southeastern Qinghai–Tibet plateau
Authors: Wang Chuya , Yang Yuande , Wang Shijin , Ai Songtao , Che Yanjun , Wang Junhao , Li Leiyu , Li Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mass balance of glaciers requires more detailed and continuous observations to understand their seasonal change in relation to climate. Here, we designed and installed an automated real-time monitoring platform at 4645 m a.s.l. on the Baishui River Glacier No.1 to collect continuous high-resolution observational data, and analyzed the seasonal dynamic from glacier movement and surface mass balance from glacier melting and snow accumulation. The results showed that the platform moved northeastward ~12.9 m at a rate of 0.06 ± 0.02 m d−1 between September 2021 and April 2022. The surface mass balance showed a varied temporal period. July and August were the main ablation periods, while ablation decreased and ceased in September. The glacier neither melted nor accumulated much between October and December, but began to have rapid snow accumulation in January. The glacier surface temperature varied with the air temperature and showed significant inter-seasonal differences among monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons. The surface mass balance also exhibited a strong response to the air temperature changes, with an average decrease of 1°C the point mass balance increased by 0.11 m w.e. from monsoon to post-monsoon and 0.22 m w.e. from post-monsoon to winter. Moreover, we found snowfall caused a decrease in the glacier surface temperature by increasing the surface albedo.
Swaying motions of submerged flexible vegetation
Authors: Fu Jiahao , He Guojian , Huang Lei , Dey Subhasish , Fang Hongwei 
Published: September 2023

Submerged vegetation plays a subtle role in exchanging the fluid mass and energy in the vegetated flow zone, where the swaying motions of flexible plants are the important source of turbulent kinetic energy production. Flume experiments were conducted to study the modes, characteristics and factors of swaying of individual submerged flexible plants. A modified plant model in a new form, representing the highly flexible vegetation with clustered leaves, was employed. A ‘rigid-like’ synchronous swaying mode and a ‘whip-like’ asynchronous flapping mode are found to appear alternately for the individual plants. The interaction between these modes depends on the resulting local flow structure affected by the plants. Compared with a plant in isolation with the same flow Reynolds number, the swaying motions of a plant within the vegetation patch are less frequent but more prone to the synchronous mode. The eigen frequency of the motions increases linearly with an increase in flow Reynolds number in the range of 2 × 104–5 × 104, but the normalised amplitude reaches a saturation at a high flow Reynolds number. Moreover, the in-line and spanwise motions have a 2 : 1 frequency ratio for an ‘8’ shaped trajectory on the horizontal plane and a 1 : 1 ratio for a ‘0’ shaped circular trajectory, or a combination of both.
What's new under the sun? A corpus linguistic analysis of the 2022 Italian election campaign themes in party manifestos
Authors: Trastulli Federico , Mastroianni Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, we introduce an innovative approach to examining campaign themes in Italy, by performing an original corpus linguistic analysis of the party manifestos related to the crucial 2022 election. Through its systematicity and flexibility, our approach allows us to gauge theory-driven propositions using a large amount of so far unexplored textual data. As anticipated, the 2022 Italian party manifestos are characterised by a somewhat balanced configuration of emphasis across a variety of themes, of which some are more controversial and others more widely shared among voters and parties. Further, we also corroborate that parties primarily focus on those themes that historically fit them best, ideologically and in terms of perceived competence. Lastly, salient ‘issues of the day’ are differently emphasised by Italian parties, which particularly avoid devoting considerable attention to the highly sensitive Russian-Ukrainian war.
Exploratory Analysis and the Expected Value of Experimentation
Authors: Klein Colin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is increasingly easy to acquire a large amount of data about a problem before formulating a hypothesis. The idea of exploratory data analysis (EDA) predates this situation, but many researchers find themselves appealing to EDA as an explanation of what they are doing with these new resources. Yet there has been relatively little explicit work on what EDA is or why it might be important. I canvass several positions in the literature, find them wanting, and suggest an alternative: exploratory data analysis, when done well, shows the expected value of experimentation for a particular hypothesis.
The Propositional Account of Effective Theories
Authors: Wilhelm Isaac 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI propose the “Propositional Account” of effective quantum field theories. According to the Propositional Account, each effective quantum field theory expresses propositions about various physical items: fields, interactions, and more. In addition, two effective quantum field theories are physically equivalent just in case they express the same propositions. As I explain, the Propositional Account is scientifically naturalistic, since it invokes terms and principles from the empirical science of linguistics. And the Propositional Account avoids problems faced by other accounts of the physical contents of effective theories.
ON THE N-POINT CORRELATION OF VAN DER CORPUT SEQUENCES
Authors: WEIß CHRISTIAN 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe derive an explicit formula for the N-point correlation
$F_N(s)$
of the van der Corput sequence in base
$2$
for all
$N \in \mathbb {N}$
and
$s \geq 0$
. The formula can be evaluated without explicit knowledge about the elements of the van der Corput sequence. This constitutes the first example of an exact closed-form expression of
$F_N(s)$
for all
$N \in \mathbb {N}$
and all
$s \geq 0$
which does not require explicit knowledge about the involved sequence. Moreover, it can be immediately read off that
$\lim _{N \to \infty } F_N(s)$
exists only for
$0 \leq s \leq 1/2$
.
Between Mezhep and Minority: Twelver Shiʿism in the Turkish Public Sphere
Authors: Williamson Fa Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the growth in scholarship on diverse religious communities in Turkey, little attention has been paid to Twelver Shiʿi Muslims. Since the founding of the Republic, the Turkish state's foundational secularist agenda has attempted to control and promote a single hegemonic form of Islam, and Shiʿa have faced continuous issues practicing their faith in public as a result. While the liberalization of the past three decades has allowed Shiʿism to enter the public sphere, the community has had to continue navigating limitations on their expression of religious difference. Based on fieldwork in Eastern Anatolia, this article deepens understandings of Islam in Turkey by showing how Shiʿa have negotiated their position vis-à-vis both secularist and Sunni-majority actors and policies across various religious and political currents. Rejecting categorization as either mezhep (sect) or minority, Shiʿa have demanded independence from state religious control while also asserting their allegiance to the Republic and nation as Turkish Muslims.
How Authoritarian Governments Decide Who Emigrates: Evidence from East Germany
Authors: Michel Julian , Miller Michael K. , Peters Margaret E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost autocracies restrict emigration yet still allow some citizens to exit. How do these regimes decide who can leave? We argue that many autocracies strategically target anti-regime actors for emigration, thereby crafting a more loyal population without the drawbacks of persistent co-optation or repression. However, this generates problematic incentives for citizens to join opposition activity to secure exit. In response, autocracies simultaneously punish dissidents for attempting to emigrate, screening out all but the most determined opponents. To test our theory, we examine an original data set coded from over 20,000 pages of declassified emigration applications from East Germany's state archives. In the first individual-level test of an autocracy's emigration decisions, we find that active opposition promoted emigration approval but also punishment for applying. Pensioners were also more likely to secure exit, and professionals were less likely. Our results shed light on global migration's political sources and an overlooked strategy of autocratic resilience.
Dual Use Deception: How Technology Shapes Cooperation in International Relations
Authors: Vaynman Jane , Volpe Tristan A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlmost all technology is dual use to some degree: it has both civilian and military applications. This feature creates a dilemma for cooperation. States can design arms control institutions to curtail costly competition over some military technology. But they also do not want to limit valuable civilian uses. How does the dual use nature of technology shape the prospects for cooperation? We argue that the duality of technology presents a challenge not by its very existence but rather through the ways it alters information constraints on the design of arms control institutions. We characterize variation in technology along two dual use dimensions: (1) the ease of distinguishing military from civilian uses; and (2) the degree of integration within military enterprises and the civilian economy. Distinguishability drives the level of monitoring needed to detect violations. When a weapon is indistinguishable from its civilian counterpart, states must improve detection though intelligence collection or intrusive inspections. Integration sharpens the costs of disclosing information to another state. For highly integrated technology, demonstrating compliance could expose information about other capabilities, increasing the security risks from espionage. Together, these dimensions generate expectations about the specific information problems states face as they try to devise agreements over various technologies. We introduce a new qualitative data set to assess both variables and their impact on cooperation across all modern armament technologies. The findings lend strong support for the theory. Efforts to control emerging technologies should consider how variation in the dual use attributes shapes this tension between detection and disclosure.
Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition among ever-married adolescent girls in Bangladesh: an analysis of national surveys from 2004 to 2017
Authors: Rasul Md. Golam , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Alam Md. Ashraful , Das Subhasish , Mostafa Ishita , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNutritional impairment during adolescence may result in adverse physical and reproductive health outcomes. We investigated the prevalence and determined the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity among ever-married adolescent girls in Bangladesh. We used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys data conducted in 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017. A total of 7040 ever-married adolescent girls aged 15–19 years were included in this analysis. Prevalence of underweight (body mass index [BMI]<18.5 kg/m2) significantly decreased from 39.53% (95% CI = 36.71, 42.43) to 23.62% (95% CI = 21.35, 26.05) during 2004–2017 (p< 0.001). However, prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) significantly increased from 5.9% (95% CI = 4.67, 7.43) to 22.71% (95% CI = 20.39, 25.20) during the same period (p< 0.001). The girls with higher age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90, 0.99,p= 0.023), higher level of education (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.83,p= 0.002), and richest wealth quintile (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.98,p= 0.035) had significantly lower risk of being underweight. Adolescent girls having more than one child (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.73,p= 0.001) were more likely to be underweight. Elderly adolescents with better economic status were more at risk of being overweight/obese (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.86, 3.55,p< 0.001). Girls married to skilled/unskilled workers (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.77,p< 0.001) and persons involved in small businesses (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.89,p= 0.007) had lower risk of having a high BMI. Using contraceptive (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.94,p= 0.006) was negatively associated with overweight/obese. Although prevalence of undernutrition among ever-married adolescent girls is declining, the proportion of being overweight/obese is increasing in Bangladesh warranting effective strategies to improve adolescent nutrition.
Bycatch in an experimental fishery for Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Nototheniidae) in Ecuadorian oceanic waters
Authors: Zambrano René , Coello Dialhy , Herrera Marco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to characterize bycatch in an experimental fishery for Patagonian toothfish in Ecuador during 2017–2021. Diversity was analysed using Shannon, Margalef, Simpson, and Dominance indices. Bycatch representativity was calculated as the difference percentage between the target catch and non-target, in weight. The bycatch comprised 51 taxa and was composed primarily of fish. In addition, 12 species of pelagic habits (i.e. fishes and sharks) were also captured during the deployment/retrieval of fishing gear. The most frequent species (by number of individuals) were chimaeras (Hydrolagus melanophasma), grenadiers (Antimora rostrata, Coryphaenoides delsolari, and Coryphaenoides armatus), and sharks (Etmopterus granulosus and Centroscymnus owstonii). The diversity was medium low, according to the Shannon indices (0.5–1.8), with a negative trend for dominance and a positive trend for equitability.
Cortical paired associative stimulation shows impaired plasticity of inhibition networks as a function of chronic alcohol use
Authors: Sallie Samantha N. , Sonkusare Saurabh , Mandali Alekhya , Casero Violeta , Cui Hailun , Guzman Natalie V. , Allison Michael , Voon Valerie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundResponse inhibition − or the ability to withhold a suboptimal response − relies on the efficacy of fronto-striatal networks, and is impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction. Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS) is a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which can strengthen neuronal connections via spike-timing-dependent plasticity mechanisms. Here, we used cPAS targeting the fronto-striatal inhibitory network to modulate performance on a response inhibition measure in chronic alcohol use.MethodsFifty-five participants (20 patients with a formal alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis (26–74 years, 6[30%] females) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) (27–73 years, 6[30%] females) within a larger sample of 35 HCs (23–84 years, 11[31.4%] females) underwent two randomized sessions of cPAS 1-week apart: right inferior frontal cortex stimulation preceding right presupplementary motor area stimulation by either 4 ms (excitation condition) or 100 ms (control condition), and were subsequently administered the Stop Signal Task (SST) in both sessions.ResultsHCs showed decreased stop signal reaction time in the excitation condition (t(19) = −3.01, p = 0.007, [CIs]:−35.6 to −6.42); this facilitatory effect was not observed for AUD (F(1,31) = 9.57, p = 0.004, CIs: −68.64 to −14.11). Individually, rates of SST improvement were substantially higher for healthy (72%) relative to AUD (13.6%) groups (OR: 2.33, p = 0.006, CIs:−3.34 to −0.55).ConclusionIn line with previous findings, cPAS improved response inhibition in healthy adults by strengthening the fronto-striatal network through putative long-term potentiation-like plasticity mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified a possible marker of impaired cortical excitability, and, thus, diminished capacity for cPAS-induced neuroplasticity in AUD with direct implications to a disorder-relevant cognitive process.
In the Philostratus trap: an enactive and embodied perspective on theImaginesand theirenargeia
Authors: Grethlein Jonas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn hisImagines, Philostratus the Elder stages a scintillating play with several levels of representation and suggests that his verbal account can give the reader access to the pictures described and even the scenes depicted in the pictures. But does Philostratus actually immerse us in the paintings? This is a claim often made by scholars; however, an embodied and enactive analysis of theImaginesalerts us to various features that, instead of immersing us, highlight Philostratus’ rhetorical brilliance. TheImaginesare not so much an ecphrasis in the sense of theProgymnasmata(that is, defined byenargeia) as a meditation on their ecphrastic practice. In general, the reference to another representation endows the ecphrasis of artwork with a reflexivity that tends to push the goal of making the hearer see something in the background.
A Simulation Model for the Handheld Ultrasound Diagnosis of Pediatric Forearm Fractures
Authors: Eksioglu Merve , Azapoglu Kaymak Burcu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Handheld ultrasound (HHU) devices have gained prominence in emergency care settings and post-graduate training, but their application in the diagnosis of pediatric fractures remains under-explored. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of an HHU device for diagnosing pediatric forearm fractures using a simulation model.Methods:The materials for the basic pediatric fracture model include turkey bones soaked in white vinegar to make them pliable, food-grade gelatine, and plastic containers. Ultrasound analysis of the models was done with an HHU device, Sonosite İViz US (FUJIFILM Sonosite, Inc.; Bothell, Washington USA). Four different fracture patterns (transverse fracture, oblique fracture, greenstick fracture, and a torus fracture) and one model without fracture were used in this study. Twenty-six Emergency Medicine residents sonographically evaluated different bone models in order to define the presence and absence of fracture and the fracture subtype. The participants’ ability to obtain adequate images and the time taken to create and recognize the images were evaluated and recorded. After the sonographic examination, the residents were also asked for their opinion on the model as a teaching tool.Results:All participants (100%) recognized the normal bone model and the fracture, regardless of the fracture type. The consistency analysis between the practitioners indicated a substantial agreement (weighted kappa value of 0.707). The duration to identify the target pathology in fracture models was significantly longer for the greenstick fracture (78.57 [SD = 30.45] seconds) model compared to other models. The majority of participants (92.3%) agreed that the model used would be a useful teaching tool for learning ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric forearm fractures.Conclusions:All participants successfully identified both the normal bone model and the presence of fractures, irrespective of the fracture type. Significantly, the identification of the greenstick fracture took longer compared to other fracture types. Moreover, the majority of participants acknowledged the model’s utility as a teaching tool for learning ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric forearm fractures.