bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hamada Seiji , Ueyama Hiroki , Aikawa Tadao , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Misumida Naoki , Takagi Hisato , Kuno Toshiki , Latib Azeem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) may have potential benefits in the treatment of atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR), but robust evidence is currently lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the clinical outcomes of TEER for AFMR, including comparisons to ventricular functional MR (VFMR).MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through January 2023 to identify studies eligible for analysis. The primary outcome was postprocedural MR severity. Postprocedural New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class classification and all‐cause mortality were also evaluated. Outcomes were stratified into short term (postprocedure to 6 months) and long term (6 months to 2 years).ResultsA total of eight observational studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 539 AFMR and 3486 VFMR patients. Postprocedural MR grade ≤2 in the AFMR group was observed in 93.7% (454/491 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI), 91.1%–96.2%, I2 = 24.3%) and 97.1% (89/93 patients; 95% CI, 92.9%–100%, I2 = 26.4%) in short‐ and long‐term follow‐up, respectively. There was no difference in the rates of postprocedural MR grade ≤2 between AFMR and VFMR either in short‐term (risk ratio [RR], 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95–1.06]; p = 0.90; I2 = 53%) or long‐term follow‐up (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.89–1.32]; p = 0.44; I2 = 22%). Similarly, no difference was observed between AFMR and VFMR in the rates of postprocedural NYHA class ≤2 or all‐cause mortality.ConclusionTEER provides similar clinical outcomes for AFMR and VFMR. A high rate of MR grade ≤2 was observed in patients at both short‐ and long‐term follow‐ups. Further prospective studies with TEER versus medical therapy and/or rhythm control for AFMR are warranted.
An Overview of α‐Aminoalkyl Radical Mediated Halogen‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Sachidanandan Krishnakumar , Niu Ben , Laulhé Sébastien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe merging of photocatalysis with halogen‐atom transfer (XAT) processes has proven to be a versatile tool for the generation of carbon‐centered radicals in organic synthesis. XAT processes are unique in that they generate radicals without requiring the use of strong reductants necessary for the traditional single electron transfer (SET) activation of halides. Pathways to achieve XAT in synthetic applications can be categorized into three major sections: i) heteroatom‐based activators, ii) metal‐based activators, and iii) carbon‐based activators among which α‐aminoalkyl radicals have taken the center stage. Access to these α‐aminoalkyl radicals as XAT reagents has gained significant attention in the past few years due to the robustness of the reactions, the simplicity of the reagents required, and the broadness of their applications. Generation of these α‐aminoalkyl radicals is simply achieved through the single electron oxidation of tertiary amines, which after deprotonation at the α‐position generates the α‐aminoalkyl radicals. Due to the wide scope of tertiary amines available and the tunable nucleophilicity of α‐aminoalkyl radical formed, this strategy has become an attractive alternative to heteroatom/metal‐based radicals for XAT. In this minireview, we focus our attention on recent (2020–2023) developments and uses of this robust technology to mediate XAT processes.
Pyrolysis of Spherical Wood Particles in a Packed Bed – Comparison between Resolved and Unresolved Discrete Element Method/Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Jaeger Bo , Illana Mahiques Enric , Wirtz Siegmar , Scherer Viktor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe combined discrete element method/computational fluid dynamics (DEM/CFD) approach allows for the description of reacting granular assemblies passed by a gas flow. Especially for thermally thick particles, the spatial resolution of the solid object volumes, their surfaces, and of the interstitial flow domain controls the quality of results while at the same time driving computational costs. To evaluate the differences between resolved and unresolved DEM/CFD approaches, pyrolysis of a bulk of spherical wood particles enclosed by a cylindrical heating surface and passed by hot nitrogen is numerically examined. The unresolved simulation is based on the averaged volume method (AVM). For the resolved simulation, the so‐called blocked‐off (BO) method is applied. The results show that the total mass conversion rate of solid particles into gaseous volatiles is faster when employing the resolved BO approach. The better spatial resolution of local flow field and particle surface representation leads to a more detailed prediction of convective and radiative heat transfer to the particles, but is associated with the penalty of a six‐fold computing time.
Quantifying Catalysis at the Origin of Life**
Authors: de Graaf Ruvan , De Decker Yannick , Sojo Victor , Hudson Reuben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe construction of hypothetical environments to produce organic molecules such as metabolic intermediates or amino acids is the subject of ongoing research into the emergence of life. Experiments specifically focused on an anabolic approach typically rely on a mineral catalyst to facilitate the supply of organics that may have produced prebiotic building blocks for life. Alternatively to a true catalytic system, a mineral could be sacrificially oxidized in the production of organics, necessitating the emergent ‘life’ to turn to virgin materials for each iteration of metabolic processes. The aim of this perspective is to view the current ‘metabolism‐first’ literature through the lens of materials chemistry to evaluate the need for higher catalytic activity and materials analyses. While many elegant studies have detailed the production of chemical building blocks under geologically plausible and biologically relevant conditions, few appear to do so with sub‐stoichiometric amounts of metals or minerals. Moving toward sub‐stoichiometric metals with rigorous materials analyses is necessary to demonstrate the viability of an elusive cornerstone of the ‘metabolism‐first’ hypotheses: catalysis. We emphasize that future work should aim to demonstrate decreased catalyst loading, increased productivity, and/or rigorous materials analyses for evidence of true catalysis.
The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule‐associated proteins to the cytoskeleton
Authors: Gonzalez Jordy Perez , Frandsen Kristian E. H. , Kesten Christopher 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube‐like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP–MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low‐affinity protein–protein interactions that enable a fine‐tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present‐day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up‐to‐date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
Post‐Synthetic Modification of Zr‐based Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Imidazole: Variable Optical Behavior and Sensing
Authors: Prakash Biswal Dibya , Singha Dipankar , Panda Jagannath , Kumar Rana Malay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUiO‐66‐NH2‐IM, a fluorescent metal‐organic framework (MOF), was synthesized by post‐synthetic modification of UiO‐66‐NH2 with 2‐imidazole carboxaldehyde via a Schiff base reaction. It was examined using various characterization techniques (PXRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM, TGA, UV‐Vis DRS, and photoluminescence spectroscopy). The emissive feature of UiO‐66‐NH2‐IM was utilized to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metal ions, and anions, such as acetone, Fe3+, and carbonate (CO32−). Acetone turns off the high luminescence of UiO‐66‐NH2‐IM in DMSO, with the limit of detection (LOD) being 3.6 ppm. Similarly, Fe3+ in an aqueous medium is detected at LOD=0.67 μM (0.04 ppm) via quenching. On the contrary, CO32− in an aqueous medium significantly enhances the luminescence of UiO‐66‐NH2‐IM, which is detected with extremely high sensitivity (LOD=1.16 μM, i. e., 0.07 ppm). Large Stern‐Volmer constant, Ksv, and low LOD values indicate excellent sensitivity of the post‐synthetic MOF. Experimental data supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations discern photo‐induced electron transfer (PET), resonance energy transfer (RET), inner filter effect (IFE), or proton abstraction as putative sensing mechanisms. NMR and computational studies propose a proton abstraction mechanism for luminescence enhancement with CO32−. Moreover, the optical behavior of the post‐synthetic material toward analytes is recyclable.
Identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for seed sucrose and soluble sugar concentrations in soybean
Authors: Liu Changkai , Chen Heng , Yu Qintan , Gu Haidong , Li Yansheng , Tu Bingjie , Zhang Hengyou , Zhang Qiuying , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the genetics of sucrose and soluble sugar accumulation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] and the impact on food quality. A recombinant inbred line population, constructed from ZD27 and HF25 with parents having significantly different levels of sucrose and soluble sugar content, was used. Using the QTL‐Sequencing method, we identified 16 QTLs affecting sucrose and soluble sugar, including a major sucrose‐associated QTL, qSU1901, with 10.6%–13.2% phenotypic variation for sucrose. To narrow down the list of candidate genes, we analyzed the polymorphisms within the major QTL interval. We further explored the temporal expression patterns of key genes involved in sucrose and soluble sugar transport and metabolism through dynamic transcriptome analysis. We generated a gene regulatory network that correlated with sucrose and soluble sugar content using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. By combining QTL‐Seq and RNA‐Sequencing data, we narrowed down 233 candidate genes. In conclusion, our findings provide a better understanding of sucrose and soluble sugar regulation in soybean.
Lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Where we are and where we are going
Authors: Cao Lei‐Ming , Zhong Nian‐Nian , Li Zi‐Zhan , Huo Fang‐Yi , Xiao Yao , Liu Bing , Bu Lin‐Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is a common malignant tumour in the head and neck region, with over 90% of cases being oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a significant adverse prognostic factor in OSCC; however, the mechanism of LNM in OSCC remains unclear, while the strategies for managing cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) in OSCC continue to evolve. At present, neck dissection is necessary for the vast majority of OSCC patients, but complications of surgery can significantly impair patients’ postoperative quality of life. A recent clinical trial discovery indicates that immunotherapy can activate anti‐tumour T cells in nearby lymph nodes, leading to vibrant discussions among clinicians about the importance of preserving lymph nodes during surgical treatment.AimThis review aims to provide an overview of where we are: the current knowledge of OSCC LNM patterns and management strategies, and where we are going: prospects for clinical and basic research on the issue of OSCC LNM in the era of cancer immunotherapy.ResultWe summarize the general patterns and management strategies of OSCC LNM. The process of LNM in OSCC encompasses four stages: Preparation, Unleash, Migration, and Planting (‘PUMP’ principle). We propose adopting the ‘PRECISE’ model, an overall workflow that includes seven elements—prevention, radiology, preoperative evaluation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and postoperative evaluation—for neck management in OSCC, promoting personalized precision medicine augmented by neoadjuvant therapy. We further discussed recent advances in clinical and basic research on OSCC LNM and provided an outlook on future research directions.ConclusionOver the past two centuries, our understanding and management strategies of LNM in OSCC have evolved, seeking more precise and personalized approaches to reduce patient burden and enhance survival and quality of life. Further research should explore lymph nodes’ role in cancer immunotherapy and OSCC interactions, leading to better, less invasive treatments and improved outcomes.
Age of error information and throughput for truncated and layer‐coded HARQ‐based satellite‐IoT systems
Authors: Zhao Yuhua , Jia Xiangdong , Xie Mangang , Hao Zhenchao 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe work focuses on the simultaneous improvement on the throughput and information freshness of the promising satellite‐based Internet of Things (S‐IoT). To this end, we first propose a method based on the adaptive modulation coding (AMC) and truncated layer‐coded hybrid automatic repeat request (L‐HARQ) strategies by especially considering the difference in the channel state information (CSI) between the transmitter and receiver. On account of the large signal delay of the S‐IoT systems, this paper establishes the channel model based on the correlation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) under the outdated channel and the ideal channel. Secondly, considering the fact that the improved backtrack decoding is used in the L‐HARQ, the classical definition of age of information (AoI) is insufficient to quantify the status update freshness, we propose the age of error information (AoEI), which is defined as the elapsed time since the generation of the lastly successfully backtrack‐decoded status update. Thirdly, we characterize the statistical descriptions of the maximum wait time of the successfully recovered status updates and the interdeparture time between the two consecutive status update packets that are lastly successfully received. Then, the closed‐form expression of average AoEI is derived under the assumption of independent and identically distributed fading channels. Finally, the Markov decision process (MDP) framework is used to optimize the packet parameters in each round of L‐HARQ process under the general fading scenario. Thereby, the optimized transmission scheme that minimizes AoI with throughput constraint is solved. The simulations investigate the effect of system parameters on the average AoEI.
Laser assisted direct ink writing of multi‐material bismuth molybdate—silver artificial dielectrics for radio frequency applications
Authors: Gheisari Reza , Zhang Shiyu , Whittow William , Engstrøm Daniel Southcott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of co‐fired low temperature ceramics offers a unique route for the fabrication of novel 3D radiofrequency (RF) and microwave components, embedded electronics and sensors. This study demonstrates the fabrication, materials analysis, and RF characterization of a multi‐material bismuth molybdate—silver (Bi2Mo2O9—Ag) artificial dielectric fabricated by laser assisted direct ink writing. The proposed fabrication technique enables 3D printing of dissimilar materials while minimizing inter‐material diffusion through the liquid phases. The permittivity of the artificial dielectrics increased up to 99% over the investigated frequency range (8–12 GHz) compared to the fabricated pure ceramic sample.
Surface morphology and corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and its alloys in aqueous sulfuric acid medium
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Jahan Aklima , Suzuki Eiichi , Yashiro Hitoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAluminum and aluminum alloys are light materials with some of the preferences such as lightweight, high specific strength, good elasticity, and good workability that play an important role in today's modern and industrial world. The economic loss and environmental and safety problems are also the most concerning aspects of these materials. As a result, numerous studies are performed by the researchers to improve the overall environment throughout the materials world. That is why, in this study, the surface morphology and corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and its alloys, such as 7S10 and 7003H, were investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid medium through immersion process at different temperatures. Open‐circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to evaluate the resistance to corrosion of pure aluminum and its alloys 7S10 and 7003H. The current density increased with increasing temperature in the case of the alloys, and pure aluminum showed the highest corrosion resistance properties. The surface roughness measurement was performed using atomic force microscope to find out the amount of roughness of the used materials before and after the immersion process. Surface roughness was higher on the alloys than in pure Al, which indicates that less corrosion was formed in pure Al than in the alloys. The surface morphology analysis was also carried out using scanning electron microscopic data. The results revealed that the alloy 7003H undergoes more corrosion than pure aluminum and 7S10 in sulfuric acid medium, which clearly indicates that pure aluminum has higher corrosion resistance than the alloys 7S10 and 7003H. The corrosion rate of the test materials decreased with increasing immersion time.
New technology for ship bilge and oily water separation
Authors: Malakhov Oleksiy Vladimirovitch , Palagin Oleksand Mukolaiyevitch , Naydyonov Andrii Igorevitch , Lykhoglyad Konstantin Andreevitch , Bondarenko Andrii Vladimirovitch 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBilge and oily water (BOW) during vessel's operation are the most large‐tonnage type of waste and for their treatment all ships, in accordance with international regulatory requirements, have to be equipped with special equipment—oily water separators. At sea vessel's operating conditions three main directions of BOW cleaning are now used: physical, chemical and biological. The analysis of BOW separation methods based on these three directions has shown that it is very difficult to obtain secondary petrochemical products. In the article authors offer a new method for BOW separation which is based on the use of a hydrodynamic process of supercavitation with artificial ventilation of the cavitational cavern. With local origin in the flow of a supercavitating cavern, there will always be saturated water vapor inside of it. The process of permanent water vapor selection from the cavern will ultimately contribute to the production of highly concentrated mixture of secondary petroleum products from initial mixture of BOW. During the study of BOW separation process it was found that decreasing of the working pressure inside the working chamber of the cavitation separator have to be always compensated by an increase in the temperature of the processed multiphase flow.
Evaluating the effect of using nanofluids on the parabolic trough collector's performance
Authors: Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Hajinezhad Ahmad , Fattahi Reza , Shahee Arash 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolar collectors utilize solar energy, a sustainable and renewable source, to cater to both household and industrial needs. This paper investigated the usage of mono and binary nanoparticles in parabolic trough collectors. This paper used multiwalled carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the additives to the collector heat transfer fluid (in Syltherm 800 oil) and also evaluated the performance implications of energy systems in six scenarios. A MATLAB‐based computational model is provided to investigate the influence of employing binary nanoparticles on a solar collector's performance. The influence of nanoparticle modifications and volume percentages on energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects is studied. Finally, the impact of nanoparticles on each of the four mentioned areas is examined. At the same total energy rate, in the best case, adding 4% by volume of Fe3O4 (Case 2) to the base fluid increases the valuable energy rate absorbed from 7.32 kW in the base state to 7.50 kW (2.5%). The carbon dioxide produced in the system life cycle by using useful energy is called EnergoEnvironmental, and the carbon dioxide produced in the system life cycle by using useful exergy is called ExergoEnvironmental. At last, the calculation of the parameters EnergoEnviroEconomic and ExergoEnviroEconomic are done, the penalty policy is considered, and the calculations are generalized to solar collector power plants due to the carbon dioxide cost policies.
Electricity theft detection for energy optimization using deep learning models
Authors: Pamir  , Javaid Nadeem , Javed Muhammad Umar , Houran Mohamad Abou , Almasoud Abdullah M. , Imran Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rapid increase in nontechnical loss (NTL) has become a principal concern for distribution system operators (DSOs) over the years. Electricity theft makes up a major part of NTL. It causes losses for the DSOs and also deteriorates the quality of electricity. The introduction of advanced metering infrastructure along with the upgradation of the traditional grids to the smart grids (SGs) has helped the electric utilities to collect the electricity consumption (EC) readings of consumers, which further empowers the machine learning (ML) algorithms to be exploited for efficient electricity theft detection (ETD). However, there are still some shortcomings, such as class imbalance, curse of dimensionality, and bypassing the automated tuning of hyperparameters in the existing ML‐based theft classification schemes that limit their performances. Therefore, it is essential to develop a novel approach to deal with these problems and efficiently detect electricity theft in SGs. Using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), gate convolutional autoencoder (GCAE), and cost‐sensitive learning and long short‐term memory (CSLSTM), an effective ETD model named SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM is proposed in this work. Furthermore, a hybrid GCAE model is developed via the combination of gated recurrent unit and convolutional autoencoder. The proposed model comprises five submodules: (1) data preparation, (2) data balancing, (3) dimensionality reduction, (4) hyperparameters' optimization, and (5) electricity theft classification. The real‐time EC data provided by the state grid corporation of China are used for performance evaluations via extensive simulations. The proposed model is compared with two basic models, CSLSTM and GCAE–CSLSTM, along with seven benchmarks, support vector machine, decision tree, extra trees, random forest, adaptive boosting, extreme gradient boosting, and convolutional neural network. The results exhibit that SSA–GCAE–CSLSTM yields 99.45% precision, 95.93% F1 score, 92.25% accuracy, and 71.13% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score, and surpasses the other models in terms of ETD.