bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown in School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Karaikal – A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Venkat Sree Latha B , Ananthakrishnan K. R. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has forced many nations to complete lockdown. Fear of the infection, financial loss, and insecurity of future, affect human psychology. Children and adolescents are also at risk of psychological disturbances causing behavioral problems. Increasing screen time and parental stresses add to the mental trauma.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of behavioral abnormalities in school-aged children and adolescents and the influence of lockdown on their behavior.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the community setting of homes of healthy children aged 6–12 years (n = 123) and adolescents aged 13–18 years (n = 115) living with parents under the lockdown during March–April 2020 in the low coronavirus disease 2019 transmission district of Karaikal. Change of behavior from the 1st day of lockdown over a month was assessed using parent-completed Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). The total scores of initial assessments and follow-up were calculated.

Results:
At initial assessment, 4% (n = 3) of the children and 6% (n = 7) of the adolescents had high scores in four-band categorization of the parent-completed SDQ. One month in lockdown, it increased to 17.8% (n = 22) in children and 26.9% (n = 31)) in adolescents. Very high scores were recorded in 1.7% (n = 2) of children and 7.8% (n = 9) of adolescents. Emotional and hyperactivity scores were high in children (P < 0.001), while peer and conduct problems were higher in adolescents (P < 0.001). Longer screen time (P < 0.001), parental conflicts (P < 0.001), and lower socioeconomic state (P < 0.05) correlated with high scores.

Conclusion:
The psychological impact of lockdown on children and adolescents is high. Longer screen time has a serious impact on the behavior of children as well as adolescents. Parental conflicts correlated positively with adverse behavior in adolescents than children.
Quality of Sibling Relations in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Nachane Hrishikesh Bipin , Nayak Ajita S , Keshari Prerna , Parkar Shubhangi R , Saurabh Kumar Hement , Arora Manan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have severe impairment in their social functioning, and such literature from their sibling relations is limited. Sibling relations have several dimensions to them and a more detailed assessment into their impairment in ADHD is needed. We compared quality of sibling relations among ADHD sibling dyads and healthy controls. We also correlated the quality of sibling relations with severity of inattention and hyperactivity in ADHD.

Materials and Methods:
The present case–control study enrolled 30 cases of ADHD and 30 healthy controls from a child guidance clinic. The quality of their sibling relations was assessed by parent-rated version of the sibling relationship questionnaire (SRQ) on four domains of warmth, power struggle, conflict, and rivalry as well as their respective sub–domains. Their severity of inattention and hyperactivity was assessed using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parents Rating Scale (VADPRS).

Results:
ADHD sibling pairs had significantly lower warmth, prosocial behavior, affection, companionship, and competition as compared to their healthy counterparts. ADHD child was admired less by the sibling, and they were also seen to nurture each other less. The most significant difference was seen in affection (r = 0.59), followed by nurturance (r = 0.56). Intersibling conflict correlated positively with hyperactivity scores on VADPRS (ρ = 0.410, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Sibling relations are significantly affected in ADHD, with lower warmth and nurturance. Most significant impairment is noted in affection followed by nurturance. Intersibling conflict correlates significantly with severity of hyperactivity.
Workplace Bullying in the Service Sector
Authors: Savapandit Nimisha , Bharathi  
Published: May 2023

Context:
Bullying is a problem that people, the world over, grapple with. It is manifest in different forms among different sections of people. Despite its prevalence, workplace bullying has not received much attention in scholarly literature in India. It is also not widely acknowledged as a threat to individual and organizational well-being. The purpose of this study is to add to the existing body of literature on the topic and to draw attention to the gravity of the issue.

Aims:
The primary objectives are to identify if there exist variations in its incidence on the basis of gender and years of experience, to identify the source of negative behavior, and the type of bullying that is most prevalent.

Settings and Design:
The study is a type of cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Subjects and Methods:
Data have been collected from a sample of 84 respondents using the Work Harassment Scale. All respondents are white-collar employees of the service sector in the cities of India. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v25.

Results:
The results find that there is no difference in the incidence of bullying on the basis of either gender or years of experience. Moreover, the source of negative behavior is generally one's superiors, and the most prevalent type is “verbal aggression.”

Conclusions:
The study concludes with suggestions of steps to be implemented at the national and organizational level, to combat the problem.
A Study on Psychological Distress, Functional Impairment, and Social Attitude Toward the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown among Indian Population
Authors: Badola Meghna , Chauhan Ruby , Taneja Neha , Janardhanan Rajiv 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic and induced lockdown among the Indian population.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 people residing in India. Data were collected on sociodemographic variables, psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward COVID-19 and the induced lockdown via an online survey. Kessler's K10 scale was used to measure psychological distress and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) was used to evaluate functional impairment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistic and Chi-square test were applied, where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Pearson's analysis was used to measure the correlation between psychological distress and functional impairment.

Results:
Overall, the mean age of the study participants was 29.24 (standard deviation = 7.869) years. Majority of the study participants were female (63.9%). On applying K10 scale, it was found that 20% of the participants suffered from mild psychological distress and 16.1% were moderate-to-severely distressed. On applying WSAS scale, it was found that 23.9% of the study participants suffered from significant functional impairment and 7.9% from severe functional impairment. On assessing the social attitude, 63.9% of the participants purchased groceries from local market and 56.8% said that they would visit mall after the lockdown gets over. Eating out in a restaurant (P = 0.028) and visiting shopping mall (P = 0.032) after the lockdown gets over were significantly associated with psychological distress.

Conclusion:
Our findings identified the level of psychological distress, functional impairment, and social attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic and the induced lockdown. Such evidences can be used to formulate interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of people during such emergencies.
Experiences of Quarantine for Individuals during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Kashmir
Authors: Maqbool Zahid 
Published: May 2023

Context:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originally occurred from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and gradually spread to other countries in different parts of the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has led many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in administrative quarantine facilities. Thus, quarantine at different levels, from individual to community, was seen as an effective measure of preventing the spread of this disease.

Aims:
The aim of the present study is to explore the experiences of quarantine for individuals returning from Bangladesh during the COVID-19 outbreak in Kashmir.

Settings and Design:
This study follows qualitative narrative design.

Subjects and Methods:
This study used an in-depth, semi-structured interview guide. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants who varied in terms of gender and age.

Results:
Despite individual differences, the experiences narrated by participants followed stages beginning before, during, and after ending the quarantine. The government authorities adopted a policy of mandatory quarantine to all the incoming passengers with the aim of preventing the spread of this pandemic. However, participants reported facing several issues such as shock and fear, feeling of isolation and loneliness, frustration and boredom, and loss of routine activities during this period.

Conclusions:
Quarantine as a method of preventing transmission of severe disease outbreak should be carefully used after effectively weighing its potential benefits and risks. The results of the study can be used to devise a proper policy framework and practice for effectively managing future quarantine and isolation-related health emergencies.
Problematic Internet Use and its Association with Psychological Stress among Adolescents
Authors: Anand Nitin , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Marimuthu P 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Problematic use of the Internet and psychological stress are interrelated in many ways. The psychological stress originating from Internet usage can create an unfavorable impact on adolescents. These impacts vary from academic progress to competence, career goals, and nonacademic intellectual involvement, hindering skill development. Thus, there is a need to evaluate problematic Internet usage among adolescents.

Aim and Objectives:
This study was set up to examine Internet usage behaviors, problematic Internet use (PIU), and its association with psychological stress among adolescents from India.

Materials and Methods:
Six hundred and eighty-two adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years, studying at high school and senior secondary level from institutes primarily situated in South India, participated in the study. The patterns of Internet usage and sociodemographic data were collected through online and sociodemographic forms. Along with this, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was employed to assess PIU, and symptoms of psychological distress were evaluated with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).

Results:
Among the total sample of 682 (N), 36.6% (N = 248) of adolescents met criterion on IAT for mild Internet addiction/PIU, 31.96% (N = 218) for moderate Internet addiction/PIU, and 2.93% (N = 20) for severe Internet addiction/PIU. PIU was higher among adolescents who accessed the Internet several times a day and had experienced psychological stress. In addition, stepwise regression analysis indicated that adolescents experiencing psychological stress were at higher risk for engaging in PIU, and stress also predicted engagement in PIU.

Conclusions:
PIU was present among a substantial proportion of adolescents, which might hinder their academic performance and progress over some time and can impact their psychological health adversely. These adolescents are likely to benefit from the early identification of PIU, which can facilitate the timely implementation of psychotherapeutic intervention strategies for PIU in school settings.
Factors Determining Psychological Stress among Indian Adolescents and Young Adults during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Harikar Mandara Muralidhar , Shukla Rishi , Bajpai Anurag 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Strict isolation measures imposed during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have confined families in their homes, interrupted functioning of schools and colleges, and disrupted play and exploration time.

Aim:
The aim was to analyze psychological stress and its determinants among Indian adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional, observational study design was adopted. A semi-structured survey including demographic details, COVID-19 awareness, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and coping methods was distributed among 12–24 year olds, and analyzed to study the determinants of stress.

Results:
Out of a total of 235 (112 males; 19.4 ± 4.0 years) participants, nearly half of the participants (53%) reported moderate stress; low stress was perceived by 42.3% and severe stress was observed in 4.7%. The mean PSS score was 13.4 ± 8.9. Higher PSS score was associated with age (r = 0.194, P = 0.003), female gender (mean rank = 132.0, P = 0.001), higher education (mean rank = 154.5, P = 0.006), salaried occupation (mean rank = 143.79, P = 0.047), dissatisfaction with the available information (mean rank = 155.64, P = 0.009), and accessing information multiple times a day (mean rank = 133.51, P = 0.041). On multivariate linear regression analysis, age, gender, dissatisfaction with the available information, and higher frequency of accessing information were identified as significant correlates of mean PSS-10 score.

Conclusion:
Stress was highly prevalent among the Indian adolescents and young adults during the pandemic. Older age, female gender, higher education, salaried job, dissatisfaction toward the available information, and a tendency to view updates frequently were associated with higher stress levels.
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Chaudhary Rupesh , Chhabra Sandeep , Bhalla Jasleen Kaur 
Published: May 2023

Context:
COVID-19 patients undergo myriad of psychological problems such as mood swings, depression, fear of isolation, fear of dying, feeling helpless, insomnia, anxious forebodings, and nervousness. These are commonly seen among isolated and quarantined patients who experience notable levels of anxiety, uncertainty, anger, confusion, stress and insecurity.

Aims:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among these infected patients admitted to tertiary care center.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 COVID-19 patients admitted to DMC&H, Ludhiana.

Subjects and Methods:
The data were collected on sociodemographic parameters and assessment was done using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) at the time of discharge from the hospital.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS 21 version for Microsoft Windows.

Results:
Majority of the patients were males and in the age group of 31–50 years. 48% patients had comorbid depression. Moderate-to-severe levels of depression were found more in males (25%) as compared to females (15%). Comorbid anxiety was seen commonly in females (60%) than male patients (28.75%), though the moderate-to-severe level of anxiety was more in males (71.25%) as compared to females (40%). On symptom checklist of HDRS and HARS, patients had high scores on insomnia (75%), psychic anxiety (45%–50%), somatic symptoms (gastrointestinal [50%], muscular [56%], and respiratory [81%]) and loss of weight (40%).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 patients score higher on comorbid anxiety and depression. Moderate-to-severe level of anxiety and depression is commonly seen among male patients than female patients.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Disability, and Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia Residing in Long-Stay Homes
Authors: Ravindren Rajith K , Jose Kurian 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that results in significant disability. Many patients have difficulties in self-care, communication, and employment. The study assessed the effectiveness of a psychiatric rehabilitation program in reducing disability and improving quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia residing in long-stay homes.

Methods:
Forty-two patients with schizophrenia who were inmates of two long-stay homes were the subjects. A rehabilitation program consisting of training in activities of daily living, social skills, medication self-adherence, cognitive training, and psychoeducation was imparted for 6 months. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were done using IDEAS and WHOQOL-BREF. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the significance of the change in outcomes.

Results:
Scores in self-care, interpersonal activities, communication, and work domain of IDEAS showed a significant reduction with large effect sizes. Domains one, two, and four of WHOQOL-BREF also showed significant improvements with medium to large effect sizes.

Conclusion:
The rehabilitation program reduces disability and improves the QOL in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Our model of rehabilitation is inexpensive and can be delivered by lay health workers under supervision.
Personality Predictors of “Selfie-Taking” Behavior Among College and School Going Students
Authors: Sharma Kanan , Gupta Shubhangi 
Published: May 2023

Aim:
The study aims to identify significant personality predictors of selfie-taking behavior among college and school-going students.

Methods:
The sample size consists of 50 boys and 50 girls (n = 100) between the age range of 16–23 years from various schools and colleges of Delhi NCR. The tools used in the study were Cattell's 16 Personality Factors and Selfitis Behavior Scale.

Results:
The results of the study depicted a positive correlation of selfitis behavior with perfectionism and sensitivity. However, self-reliance, reasoning, and emotional stability showed a negative correlation with selfitis behavior. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that girls have more selfitis behavior as compared to boys and the college group have more selfitis behavior than that of the school group. ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze data.

Conclusion:
Social media is the strongest tool of communication nowadays. “Selfies” are a growing social networking technique for self-disclosure. Use of social media is focusing on the physical aspect and allowing posting and amending pictures that are creating concerns about body image, poor self-esteem, loneliness, and depression among students. The overall results suggest that while selfies provide individuals with the potential of enhancing self-disclosure, they also demonstrate some risky and unhealthy behaviors. Therefore, predicting personality traits could be considered an effective variable to sensitize them before the deterioration of their mental health.
Radiation Tolerance in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Pragnahitha Neerudu , Rao Arpitha S. 
Published: May 2023

Aim:
This retrospective study in geriatric patients was done to analyze the toxicity profile and their tolerance to radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 222 patients from January 2019 to May 2022 with histopathologically proven carcinoma, who underwent radiotherapy (RT) on linear accelerator 6MV machine were included in the study with different techniques. We have searched patient's RT details in the records division of our institute and observations were noted down. Patients who received 50–70 Gy/30–35 fractions in radical or adjuvant setting were included.

Results:
Two hundred and twenty-two patients with age >65 years were included in the study of which 84% received curative treatment and 16% patients received adjuvant treatment. Ten (4.5%) patients were diagnosed the cases of brain tumors and the observed toxicities were three (30%) patients developed headache, rest of the patients experienced symptoms such as dizziness, one (10%) patient had quadriplegia, and one (10%) patient had mild cognitive disturbance. In head-and-neck cancers, 55 (24.7%) patients had Grade I mucositis and oral pain, 25% had Grade II mucositis, and 36% suffered Grade II oral pain. One patient had Grade IV oral mucositis and pain. Forty-one percent patients experienced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity out of which 40% of anorectal patients had Grade I/II toxicities. Seven patients experiencing abdominal pain out of which three patients were diagnosed cases of anorectum and the rest were cervical cancer patients. Dysuria was reported in all the 11 patients of prostatic cancer and 9 bladder carcinoma patients. One patient had Grade III dysuria. Vaginal dryness Grade I was reported in five patients of endometrial carcinoma. 19% reported continuation of vaginal hemorrhage, 33% had Grade II vaginal discharge, and one patient had Grade III vaginal discharge associated with foul smell. Forty-one percent patients experienced GI toxicity out of which 40% of anorectal patients had grade–I/II toxicities, despite toxicity patients completed the treatment. Rest 60% of patients were cervical cancer patients, and in these patients, two cases of cervical carcinoma with vulva developed moist desquamation of localized skin. 27 patients with breast cancer, 44% of whom experienced low grade breast pain and ipsilateral arm pain after surgery.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that severity of toxicity is not directly proportional to age and the decision of radiation therapy in elderly cancer patients should not be limited to or compromised in a curative setting. The performance status as well as the extent and severity of comorbidity should be considered. The optimal risk benefit ratio should be assessed and discussed in detail with the family before decision.
Acute peripancreatic fluid collection in acute pancreatitis: Incidence, outcome, and association with inflammatory markers
Authors: Solakoglu Tevfik , Kucukmetin Nurten Turkel , Akar Mustafa , Koseoglu Hüseyin 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The hospital outcomes and predictors of acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC) have not been well-characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of APFC in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and the role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level in predicting the occurrence of APFC.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the complicated group (patients with APFC) and the uncomplicated group (patients without APFC) were compared for their clinical characteristics, hospital outcomes (mortality rate, intensive care unit admission rate, and length of hospital stay), pseudocyst formation, CRP levels, SII, and SIRI on admission and at 48 hours.

Results:
Of 132 patients with AP, 51 (38.6%) had APFC and eight (6.1%) had pancreatic pseudocysts. Of 51 patients with APFC, 15.7% had pancreatic pseudocysts. Pseudocyst did not develop in the uncomplicated group. SII value at 48 h [median 859 (541–1740) x 109/L vs. 610 (343–1259) x 109/L, P = 0.01] and CRP level at 48 h [89 (40–237) mg/L vs. 38 (12–122) mg/L, P = 0.01] were higher in the complicated group than in the uncomplicated group. The length of hospital stay was longer in the complicated group, compared with the uncomplicated group [median 8 days (5–15), vs. 4 days (3–7), P < 0.001, respectively]. No significant difference was detected between the two study groups’ mortality rates and intensive care unit admission rates.

Conclusions:
While 38.6% of the AP patients had APFC, 6.1% of all patients and 15.7% of the patients with APFC had pancreatic pseudocysts. APFC was found to lengthen the hospital stay and to be associated with the SII value and CRP level measured at 48 h.