bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonic differentiation of intestine in Indian goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Verma Abhinov , Farooqui M. M. , Prakash Ajay , Pathak Archana , Singh Shriprakash 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study focused on identifying knowledge gaps in scientific literature for developmental anatomy and future fetal‐programming researches on goats. The aim of this study was to observe the sequential growth and the development of the intestine from stage of formation of preliminary digestive tube to the differentiation of various segments during early prenatal life in Indian goats. The developing digestive tube was first witnessed on the 23rd day of gestation histologically and from 25 days of gestation onwards, it became observable grossly under stereozoom microscope. The further stages of developing intestine rotation, herniation and coiling and re‐entry stages were noticed on the 38th day, 41st day and 48th day of gestation, respectively. The first demarcation between small and large intestines in the form of cecal bulge was recorded at 41st day of gestation. On the 45th day of gestation, all the segments of intestine that is, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum were well demarcated. Microscopically, the wall of the digestive tube was composed of three layers; lamina epithelialis, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and the mesothelium in between 23 and 39 days of gestation. At 41st day of gestation, the blastemic tissue showed distinct separation into lamina propria‐submucosa and tunica muscularis. Among connective tissue fibres only reticular fibres were observable in this study. The histochemical localisation of polysaccharides, bound lipids and alkaline phosphatase enzyme showed mild to moderate reaction. The reaction for acid phosphatase enzyme could not be observed or was absent in this study.
Efficacy of ruxolitinib for HAVCR2 mutation‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and panniculitis manifestations in children
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhou Chun‐Ju , Li Dan‐Hong , Cui Lei , Li Wei‐Jing , Ma Hong‐Hao , Zhao Yun‐Ze , Wang Dong , Li Zhi‐Gang , Wang Tian‐You , Wei Li , Duan Yan‐Long , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2023

SummaryFrequent germline mutations of HAVCR2, recently identified in subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL), are associated with an increased risk of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). However, SPTCL‐HLH represents a challenge because of the difficulties in treatment with poor survival. Its malignant nature, specifically harbouring HAVCR2 mutations, has also been questioned. To better understand its pathology and treatment, we analysed the clinical data of six patients diagnosed at our centre. The median age at onset was 10.5 years (range, 0.8–12.4). Five patients presented with skin lesions of subcutaneous nodules/plaques and/or ulceration. All patients developed HLH; notably, one infant only had HLH without skin involvement. Histopathologically, only two patients were diagnosed with SPTCL and three were reported as panniculitis with no sufficient evidence of lymphoma. Genetically, germline homozygous mutation of HAVCR2 (p.Y82C) was identified in all patients, with a median diagnosis time of 4.6 months. All patients initially received corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or chemotherapy, achieving unfavourable responses. Strikingly, they responded well to ruxolitinib targeting inflammatory cytokines, allowing rapid disease resolution and/or long‐term maintenance of remission. The excellent efficacy of ruxolitinib highlights this disease as an inflammatory condition instead of neoplastic nature and indicates novel agents targeting key inflammatory pathways as an encouraging approach for this disease entity.
A mixed methods evaluation of a compassion‐focused therapy group intervention for people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Hewitt Olivia , Codd Jon , Maguire Karla , Balendra Mathumeera , Tariq Saffiya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the use of a Compassion‐Focused Therapy (CFT) group as a psychological intervention for a group of adults with an intellectual disability with a range of psychological issues.MethodFour clients attended the group, which was facilitated by three trainee Clinical Psychologists. The group consisted of 8 weekly sessions.FindingsStandardised outcome measures showed an increase in psychological well‐being and self‐compassion for all participants postintervention. Two participants showed an increase in psychological distress, while two participants reported decreases in this area. Scores on measures of self‐criticism fell for two participants, increased for one participant and showed no change for one participant. Qualitative interviews were conducted with postgroup with all group members (clients and facilitators). Thematic analysis identified two superordinate themes relating to the accessibility of the group content, and interpersonal aspects of the group.ConclusionThe results suggest that clients enjoyed and benefitted from the group. Challenges, such as lack of carer involvement, were identified, and recommendations for future CFT groups are made.
The pathogenic role of the BRCA2 c.7847C>T (p.Ser2616Phe) variant in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition
Authors: Yamazawa Kazuki , Sugano Kokichi , Tanakaya Kohji , Inoue Satomi , Murakami Haruka , Nakashima Moeko , Adachi Masataka , Oki Shinya , Makabe Takeshi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Ueki Arisa , Sasaoka Ayako , Nakashoji Ayako , Kinoshita Takayuki , Matsunaga Tatsuo , Arai Masami , Nakamura Seigo , Miyata Hiroaki , Ikegami Masachika , Mano Hiroyuki , Kohsaka Shinji , Matsui Akira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubstantial numbers of variants of unknown significance (VUSs) have been identified in BRCA1/2 through genetic testing, which poses a significant clinical challenge because the contribution of these VUSs to cancer predisposition has not yet been determined. Here, we report 10 Japanese patients from seven families with breast or ovarian cancer harboring the BRCA2 c.7847C>T (p.Ser2616Phe) variant that was interpreted as a VUS. This variant recurs only in families from Japan and has not been reported in the global general population databases. A Japanese patient with Fanconi anemia with compound heterozygous variants c.7847C>T (p.Ser2616Phe) and c.475+1G>A in BRCA2 was reported. In silico predictions and quantitative cosegregation analysis suggest a high probability of pathogenicity. The clinical features of the variant carriers were not specific to, but were consistent with, those of patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. A validated functional assay, called the mixed‐all‐nominated‐in‐one‐BRCA (MANO‐B) method and the accurate BRCA companion diagnostic (ABCD) test, demonstrated the deleterious effects of the variant. Altogether, following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines, this variant satisfied the “PS3,” “PM2,” “PM3,” and “PP3” criteria. We thus conclude that the BRCA2 c.7847C>T (p.Ser2616Phe) variant is a “likely pathogenic” variant that is specifically observed in the Japanese population, leading to a breast and ovarian cancer predisposition.
Association of B7H3 and B7H4 gene polymorphisms and protein expression with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Ozaki Haruka , Inoue Naoya , Iwatani Yoshinori , Watanabe Ayano , Yamamoto Mayu , Kitahara Nozomi , Tanikawa Shohei , Noguchi Yusuke , Hidaka Yoh , Watanabe Mikio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD), varies among patients. B7‐H3 and B7‐H4, members of the B7 family of proteins, regulate immune response. To clarify the association of B7‐H3 and B7‐H4 with the pathogenesis and prognosis of AITDs, we examined the expression of the soluble and membrane form of B7‐H3 and B7‐H4 and genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the B7H3 and B7H4 genes.MethodsWe examined the expression of the membrane form of B7‐H3 and B7‐H4 by flow cytometry and their soluble forms by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We genotyped SNPs in B7H3 and B7H4 in 187 GD patients, 217 HD patients, and 110 healthy volunteers using the PCR‐RFLP method.ResultsThe frequency of the B7H3 rs3816661 CC genotype was higher in patients with severe HD. G carriers of B7H4 rs10754339 A/G and B7H4 rs13505 T/G were more frequent in patients with AITD. A carrier of B7H4 rs10158166 A/G and C carriers of B7H4 rs3806373 C/T were more frequent in patients with intractable GD. The proportion of B7‐H3+ monocytes was higher in the CC genotype of B7H3 rs3816661 C/T than in the other genotypes and was lower in patients with GD and HD than in healthy controls. The concentration of soluble B7‐H4 was lower in the TG genotype of B7H4 rs13505 T/G than in the TT genotype and was higher in patients with AITD than in healthy controls.ConclusionB7H3 and B7H4 are associated with AITD susceptibility and prognosis.
‘You cut off a part of your body to feed your family’ Parental perspectives on parent–child separation in the context of child domestic work: A qualitative study from Karnataka, India
Authors: Ramanan Namratha , Derluyn Ilse , Adriaenssens Peter , De Haene Lucia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLive‐in child domestic work is an often exploitative informal labour sector that involves child migration and long‐term separation of children from their family. While studies have documented the impact of family separation in cases of adult migration and young adult migration, little is known about the impact of child migration and related parent–child separation. This small‐scale, explorative qualitative study aimed to understand lived experiences of parent–child separation through in‐depth interviews with seven parents of children working at households in Karnataka, as live‐in domestic help. This study is the first of its kind to explore parental experiences of separation from their child/ren in the context of live‐in domestic work and explores notions on the existence of choice in decision‐making, and sheds light on how practices of separation are interlinked with socioeconomic factors, societal hierarchy and cultural practices of parenting that lead to understanding and coping with the ensuing separation. It concludes by identifying some policy implications that are relevant for organizations seeking to re‐unify and reintegrate children with their families after a period of separation.
Iconicity in Ideophones: Guessing, Memorizing, and Reassessing
Authors: Van Hoey Thomas , Thompson Arthur L. , Do Youngah , Dingemanse Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIconicity, or the resemblance between form and meaning, is often ascribed to a special status and contrasted with default assumptions of arbitrariness in spoken language. But does iconicity in spoken language have a special status when it comes to learnability? A simple way to gauge learnability is to see how well something is retrieved from memory. We can further contrast this with guessability, to see (1) whether the ease of guessing the meanings of ideophones outperforms the rate at which they are remembered; and (2) how willing participants’ are to reassess what they were taught in a prior task—a novel contribution of this study. We replicate prior guessing and memory tasks using ideophones and adjectives from Japanese, Korean, and Igbo. Our results show that although native Cantonese speakers guessed ideophone meanings above chance level, they memorized both ideophones and adjectives with comparable accuracy. However, response time data show that participants took significantly longer to respond correctly to adjective–meaning pairs—indicating a discrepancy in a cognitive effort that favored the recognition of ideophones. In a follow‐up reassessment task, participants who were taught foil translations were more likely to choose the true translations for ideophones rather than adjectives. By comparing the findings from our guessing and memory tasks, we conclude that iconicity is more accessible if a task requires participants to actively seek out sound‐meaning associations.
The Whale and the Microorganism: A Tale of a Classic Example and Linguistic Intuitions
Authors: Lev‐Ari Shiri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA classic example of the arbitrary relation between the way a word sounds and its meaning is thatmicroorganismis a very long word that refers to a very small entity, whereaswhaleis a very short word that refers to something very big. This example, originally presented in Hockett's list of language's design features, has been often cited over the years, not only by those discussing the arbitrary nature of language, but also by researchers of sound symbolism. While the two groups disagreed regarding the role of arbitrariness and sound symbolism in language, they both agreed there is a nonsound symbolic relation between word length and entity size in this case. This paper shows that the length of the wordswhaleandmicroorganismin fact reflects a sound symbolic pattern. An analysis of >600 languages from >100 language families shows that languages use longer words to denote the conceptsmallthan they do to denote the conceptbig. The paper thus shows how explicit judgments might differ from implicit cognitive association and the problem of relying on these in sound symbolism research.
School Boarding and Students’ Prosocial Behaviors: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Li Yunsen , Zhao Guochang , Li Yunlu , Luo Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of boarding at school on students’ prosocial behaviors in rural China using data from the National Children's Study of China. The instrumental variable (IV) approach was used to control for potential endogeneity, and the IVs were the proportion of boarding students in higher grades and the school area per student. The ordinary least squares and IV estimates showed that boarding students exhibited more prosocial behaviors, including compliance with rules, positive traits, and altruistic attitudes. These results were robust. Heterogeneity analyses suggested that students from low‐income families, children who were not “left behind,” high‐grade students, and female students were more likely to benefit from boarding. We found that these effects were primarily due to boarding students developing stronger feelings of trust and support from their peers and teachers and participating in more school‐organized events and team activities.
Factor and network analysis of psychosis‐like experiences and depressive symptoms in a sample of Finnish adolescents entering psychiatric services
Authors: Granö Niklas , Lintula Sakari , Therman Sebastian , Marttunen Mauri , Lång Ulla , Ranta Klaus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimPsychosis‐Like Experiences (PLEs) and depressive symptoms are correlated in clinical adolescent populations. However, symptom‐level associations between the two phenomena are not clear.MethodsWe analysed factor structures of a PLE instrument, the Prodromal Questionnaire‐Brief (PQ‐B), based on dimensions of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and a depression measurement instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐21A) and performed a network analysis of item‐level associations between the two measures. The sample consisted of 417 adolescents (range 13–18 years of age, mean 14.9 years, 72.4% females) entering secondary psychiatric services at Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis resulted in adequately fitting 2‐factor solution, one for PQ‐B and one for BDI‐21, with a strong correlation coefficient of 0.605 between the two factors. In the network analysis, PQ‐B and BDI‐21 both formed their own clusters, and two significant pathways were estimated between PQ‐B and BDI‐21 clusters: 1. the association between paranoid thinking and distorted body image, and 2. the association between somatic preoccupation and worry about problems of one's mind.ConclusionsEven though on a general, factor level, PLEs and depressive symptoms were strongly correlated, unique associations between symptoms of the two constructs were sparse. These findings should be considered in the psychiatric assessment and in the care of adolescents.
Consent as an act of commitment
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSome say that consent is essentially just a state of mind. Others say it is essentially just a communication. Many say it is both. I say it is neither. Instead it is an act, or rather a pair of acts—an internal mental act in the first instance, an external performative act in the second. Each of those acts is an act of commitment, intrapersonally in the first case and interpersonally in the second. The content of the commitment is, familiarly enough, to give permission to someone else to do something that it would be wrong for them to do without your permission. The novelty lies in seeing consent as an act of commitment in those two dimensions and in seeing those as commitments that persist until and unless undone by an act of a similar sort.
Low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast: a clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of 25 patients
Authors: Lewis Gloria , Fong Nancy , Gjeorgjievski Sandra Gjorgova , Li Xiaoxian (Bill) , Li Zaibo , Wei Shi , Sturgis Charles D , Wang Chunjie , Komforti Miglena , Zhang Huina , Downs Erinn , Cui Xiaoyan , McIntire Patrick , Hoda Raza S. , Rowe J Jordi , Sciallis Andrew , Zhang Gloria 
Published: April 2023

AimsDue to its rarity and non‐specific clinical and pathological features, low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGASC) of the breast continues to pose diagnostic challenges. Unlike other triple‐negative breast carcinomas, LGASC tends to have an indolent clinical behaviour. It is essential to recognise this lesion for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five cases of LGASC were identified in our archives and collaborating institutes. Cases of LGASC with dominant coexisting other type carcinomas were excluded. We studied the clinical presentation, morphological features, patterns of the commonly used immunohistochemical stains and follow‐up. In our cohort, LGASC was commonly located at the outer aspect of the breast and associated with intraductal papilloma. The morphology of LGASC is characterised by infiltrating small glands and nests with variable squamous differentiation. We also found cuffing desmoplastic (fibrolamellar) stromal change in 75% of patients and peripheral lymphocytic aggregates in 87.5% of patients. P63 and smooth muscle myosin (SMM) were the most common myoepithelial markers used to assist in diagnosis. P63 often stained peripheral tumour cells surrounding invasive glands (circumferential staining in 80% of the cases), mimicking myoepithelial cells. It also stained the small nests with squamous differentiation. However, SMM was negative in 63% of the cases. The vast majority of our cases were triple‐negative; only a few had focal and weak expressions of ER and PR. One patient who did not have excision developed lymph node metastasis. Most patients underwent excision or mastectomy with negative margins as surgical treatment; there were no recurrences or metastases in these patients with clinical follow‐ups up to 108 months.ConclusionsLGASC has some unique, although not entirely specific, morphological features and immunohistochemical staining patterns. Fibrolamellar stromal change, peripheral lymphocytic aggregates and variable staining of p63 and SMM are valuable features to facilitate the diagnosis.
Selecting entrepreneurial employees using a person‐group fit perspective
Authors: Das Roshni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs jobs become unstructured and collective endeavor oriented, it is increasingly being realized that work groups must become more autonomous and entrepreneurial. The selection literature is however silent on the predictive mechanisms that may be leveraged to select group members with the desired competencies. The person‐group fit perspective enables us to hypothesize and demonstrate that selection instruments geared toward gauging an individual's fit within a group are likely to manifest entrepreneurial competencies and behaviors in the individual. Further, the nature of the job, in terms of the structuredness of work (task formalization) and the repetitiveness of work activities (task routinization), has a moderating impact on the relationship between overall entrepreneurial competence and selection practices. The study has implications for incorporating the principles of person‐group fit into the design of job profiles.
Goblet cell‐associated antigen passage: A gatekeeper of the intestinal immune system
Authors: Zhang Xing , Chen Xiao , Wang Zhongliang , Meng Xuanyi , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Cavallari Nicola , Wu Yong , Gao Jinyan , Li Xin , Chen Hongbing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffective delivery of luminal antigens to the underlying immune system is the initial step in generating antigen‐specific responses in the gut. However, a large body of information regarding the immune response activation process remains unknown. Recently, goblet cells (GCs) have been reported to form goblet cell‐associated antigen passages (GAPs). Luminal antigens can be transported inside GAPs and reach subepithelial immune cells to induce antigen‐specific immune responses, contributing largely to gut homeostasis and the prevention of some intestinal diseases like allergic enteritis and bacterial translocation. In this article, we summarized recent observations on the formation of intestinal GAPs and their roles in mucosal immunity. We hope that this review can offer a fresh perspective and valuable insights for clinicians and researchers interested in studying the intestinal immune system.
Celebrating Nursing Week during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The example of Twitter in Turkey for 2020–2021
Authors: Kalkan Nevra , Sözeri Öztürk Elif , Arpaci Tuba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo explore how the nursing profession reflected on Twitter in Turkey about the Nursing Week celebration during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic affected the whole world, made every aspect of life extremely difficult, and required excessive involvement by healthcare professionals—especially nurses. Nurses have played a key role in meeting the care needs of people during this time.MethodsA qualitative research design was used for this study. Turkish social media data were analysed via a data crawler on Twitter. Tweets regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic during 12–18 May 2020 and 12–18 May 2021—dates celebrated as Nursing Week in Turkey—and tweets containing at least one of the following relevant hashtags: #nurse, #nursesday, #nursesweek, #nursingweek, #12May, or #12Maynursesday, were considered.ResultsThe hashtag #12May was used the most in both years, and the most tweets were posted with the hashtag #12May (n = 2996) in 2020. Three categories, ‘Being a nurse in the pandemic’, ‘Nursing Week with celebrations’, and ‘Nursing Week with definitions’, were identified through a thematic analysis. The categories included the importance of nursing, respectability, difficult working conditions, insufficiency in the number of nurses, difficulties in social life, etc.DiscussionTurkish society posted tweets to celebrate Nursing Week. In addition to the celebration, there were many statements revealing the positive aspects of nurses and the nursing profession, as well as the difficulties nurses faced during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionOur findings revealed that in the celebrations of Nursing Week in Turkey, the important role of nursing in the health system, difficulties experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and definitions describing the roles of nursing were reflected on Twitter.Implication for nursing and health policiesThis presents a source for perspective on the opinions reflected on social media about nurses and the nursing profession via Nursing Week celebrations during the pandemic. The findings can guide the development of policies on the rights and social privileges of the nursing profession that need to be improved in exceptional situations like a pandemic.