bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological features and temporal trends of HIV-negative tuberculosis burden from 1990 to 2019: a retrospective analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Chen Yuqian , Liu Jin , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Qingting , Chai Limin , Chen Huan , Li Danyang , Qiu Yuanjie , Wang Yan , Shen Nirui , Wang Jian , Xie Xinming , Li Shaojun , Li Manxiang 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the burden and temporal trends of tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality globally, as well as the association between mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).DesignA retrospective analysis of TB data from 1990 to 2019 was conducted using the Global Burden of Disease Study database.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2019, there was a declining trend in the global incidence and mortality of TB. High SDI regions experienced a higher declining rate than in low SDI regions during the same period. Nearly half of the new patients occurred in South Asia. In addition, there is a sex–age imbalance in the overall burden of TB, with young males having higher incidence and mortality than females. In terms of the three subtypes of TB, drug-sensitive (DS)-TB accounted for more than 90% of the incidents and deaths and experienced a decline over the past 30 years. However, drug-resistant TB (multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB) showed an overall increasing trend in age-standardised incidence rates and age-standardised mortality rates, with an inflection point after the year 2000. At the regional level, South Asia and Eastern Europe remained a high burden of drug-resistant TB incidence and mortality. Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between the MIR and SDI for TB, including DS-TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Notably, central sub-Saharan Africa had the highest MIR, which indicated a higher-than-expected burden given its level of sociodemographic development.ConclusionThis study provides comprehensive insights into the global burden and temporal trends of TB incidence and mortality, as well as the relationship between MIR and SDI. These findings contribute to our understanding of TB epidemiology and can inform public health strategies for prevention and management.
Is it feasible to implement a community-based participatory group programme to address issues of access to healthcare for people with disabilities in Luuka district Uganda? A study protocol for a mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Kuper Hannah , Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Smythe Tracey , Drazdzewska Joanna , Waiswa Peter , Kagurusi Patrick , Rosato Mikey , Mbazzi Femke Bannink 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionOn average, people with disabilities face many difficulties in accessing healthcare and experience worse health outcomes. Yet, evidence on how to overcome these barriers is lacking. Participatory approaches are gaining prominence as they can generate low-cost, appropriate and scalable solutions. This study protocol is for the pilot testing of the co-created Participatory Learning and Action for Disability (PLA-D) groups to assess feasibility.Methods and analysisWe will pilot test PLA-D in five groups in Luuka district, Uganda during 2023. Each group will include approximately 20 members (people with disabilities, family members, carers) who will meet every 2–3 weeks over a 9–11 month period. The groups, guided by a trained facilitator, will identify issues about health and healthcare access and plan and implement locally generated solutions (eg, raising awareness of rights, advocacy and lobbying, establishing health savings and financing schemes). We will collect diverse sources of data to assess feasibility: (1) in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with group participants, non-participants and group facilitators; (2) monitoring of group activities; (3) direct observation of groups and (4) quantitative survey of group participants at baseline and endline. Data analyses will be undertaken to assess feasibility in terms of: acceptability, demand, implementation and practicality. We will develop and refine evaluation tools in preparation for a future trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been received by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the Uganda Virus Research Institute ethics committees. Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants, making adaptations for people with disabilities as necessary. We will reach different groups for our dissemination activities, including (1) people with disabilities (eg, community meetings); (2) policy and programme stakeholders in Uganda and international (eg, individual meetings, evidence briefs) and (3) academics (journal articles, conference/seminar presentations).
Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial examining the effects of temporarily pausing Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy to coincide with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its impact on immune responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Barber Vicki S , Peckham Nicholas , Duley Lelia , Francis Anne , Abhishek Abhishek , Moss Paul , Cook Jonathan A , Parry Helen M 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPeople who are immunocompromised have a poor biological response to vaccinations. This study aims to determine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) if a 3-week pause in Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (BTKi) starting 1 week before delivery of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster, improves vaccine immune response when compared with continuation of BTKi.Methods and analysisAn open-label, randomised controlled superiority trial will be conducted in haematology clinics in approximately 10 UK National Health Service (NHS) hospitals. The sample size is 120, randomised 1:1 to intervention and usual care arms. The primary outcome is anti-spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody level at 3 weeks post-SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. Secondary outcomes are RBD antibody levels at 12 weeks postbooster vaccination, participant global assessments of disease activity, blood films, full blood count and lactate dehydrogenase levels, impact on quality of life, self-reported adherence with request to temporarily pause or continue BTKi, T cell response against spike protein and relative neutralising antibody titre against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants. Additionally, there will be an investigation of any effects in those given influenza vaccination contemporaneously versus COVID-19 alone.The primary analysis will be performed on the as randomised groups (‘intention to treat’). The difference between the study arms in anti-spike-RBD antibody level will be estimated using a mixed effects regression model, allowing for repeated measures clustered within participants. The model will be adjusted for randomisation factor (first line or subsequent line of therapy), and prior infection status obtained from prerandomisation antinucleocapsid antibodies as fixed effects.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Leeds East Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority (REC Reference:22/YH/0226, IRAS ID: 319057). Dissemination will be via peer-review publications, newsletters and conferences. Results will be communicated to participants, the CLL patient and clinical communities and health policy-makers.Trial registration numberISRCTN14197181.
Patient and physician assessment in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: patterns of subjective perception at early stages of b/tsDMARD treatment
Authors: Novella -Navarro Marta , Cabrera-Alarcón JoséLuis , López-Juanes Natalia , Villalba Alejandro , Fernández Fernández Elisa , Monjo Irene , Peiteado Diana , Nuño Laura , Plasencia-Rodríguez Chamaida , Balsa Alejandro 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo analyse the trajectories of Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), patient global assessment (PGA) and physician global assessment (PhGA) and to assess their predictive capabilities on difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2TRA) classification.MethodsLongitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 2020 to 2022. Based on the D2TRA EULAR (European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) definition, patients were classified as D2TRA according to biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) failure due to inefficacy (D2TRA-inefficacy) or other reasons (D2TRA-other). Patients who did not fulfil the D2TRA criteria were classified as NoD2TRA. DAS28, PGA and PhGA scores collected every 6 months during the first 24 months of b/tsDMARD treatment were used to identify different trajectories using latent class mixed models (LCMM).ResultsThe study population comprised 255 patients with RA, of whom 167 were NoD2TRA, 58 D2TRA-inefficacy and 30 D2TRA-other. LCMM stratified patients into two different trajectories for DAS28 and PhGA and three for PGA according to the most stable model. The most notable variation occurred during the first 6 months of treatment, thereafter remaining stable during the follow-up period. Most D2TRA-inefficacy patients fitted the trajectory, showing higher values of the studied parameters. NoD2TRA followed the trajectory with lower values, and D2TRA-other were distributed more homogeneously across all trajectories.ConclusionsThe assessment of disease activity, together with patients’ and physicians’ perceptions, form a key element in the correct discrimination of patients who are going to develop D2TRA-inefficacy. However, identifying those patients who will be D2TRA-other remains challenging, whether by subjective or objective parameters.
The empirical coupled-channel model with the new analytical penetration formula for fusion cross-sections
Authors: Mu Yi-Tian , Zhao Wei-Juan , Wang Bing 
Published: September 2023

The new analytical barrier penetration formula proposed by Li et al. [Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 19 (2010) 359] for potential barriers containing a long-range Coulomb interaction is adopted in the empirical coupled-channel (ECC) model for calculating fusion cross-sections. As compared with the Hill–Wheeler (HW) formula based on the parabolic approximation, this formula is more appropriate for the barrier penetration with incident energies much lower than the Coulomb barrier. The calculated results show that the ECC model with the new barrier penetration formula can describe the fusion cross-section data well, especially for light systems at energies much lower than the Coulomb barrier. Then the systematics of the difference between the ECC calculation with the new penetration formula and that with the HW formula is investigated. The results show that the difference between the results with the HW formula and the new penetration formula is less than one order of magnitude at [Formula: see text].
Computer Network Data Management Model Based on Edge Computing
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Song Lina , Sundarasekar Revathi , Malar A. Jasmine Gnana 
Published: September 2023

Data reliability and confidence in the data are very important issues, especially when the system integrates fraud or false information. The misusing of data collected may create serious problems. With the fast development of computing techniques, much data are collected from various terminals and industrial devices. Edge computing operates by driving data, software and computer resources from the centralized network to its extremes, allowing pieces of knowledge to lie on distributed cloud networks. Its target customers continue to use commercial Internet application software for every internet customer. Edge computing is used to provide delay-free customer experience assistance for features of the Internet of Things (IoT) services on the edge of the user network. The document identifies an IoT computing platform collaborating with the edge competitive data management latency (CDML) tool. This approach separately categorizes edge layer requests and response data over time using demand-density driven optimization. A difference-based optimization optimizes the frame limits for simultaneous request processing and exact allocation of data. The architectural efficiency of edge computing can be assessed by comparing latency, bandwidth usage, and overhead. Furthermore, estimating the availability, credibility and confidentiality of security solutions within each party would take into consideration security concerns in edge computing and propose a safety assessment process for IoT networks with edge computing. This procedure is finally validated using appropriate tests, and the resulting findings are examined to demonstrate the method’s accuracy. Experimental data are used to validate methods to request maintenance and processing, response time, resource utilization and contract period. In comparison to current approaches, the results of the proposed CDML are measured with a percentage of 97.90%. The proposed system enhances the request and response comparison ratio 97.5%, analyzing request performance ratio 98.1%, response with time analysis ratio of 98.3%, data allocation approach analysis ratio 97.7%.
Association of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hyperlipidemia With Gulf War Illness Among Gulf War Veterans
Authors: Ahmed Sarah T. , Li Ruosha , Richardson Peter , Ghosh Saurendro , Steele Lea , White Donna L. , Djotsa Alice Nono , Sims Kellie , Gifford Elizabeth , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Virani Salim S. , Morgan Robert , Delclos George , Helmer Drew A. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Approximately 30% of the 700 000 Gulf War veterans report a chronic symptom‐based illness of varying severity referred to as Gulf War illness (GWI). Toxic deployment‐related exposures have been implicated in the cause of GWI, some of which contribute to metabolic dysregulation and lipid abnormalities. As this cohort ages, the relationship between GWI and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a growing concern.
We evaluated associations between GWI and ASCVD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in veterans of the Gulf War (1990–1991).

Methods and Results
Analysis of survey data collected in 2014 to 2016 from a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans (n=942) and Veterans Health Administration electronic health record data (n=669). Multivariable logistic regression models tested for associations of GWI with self‐reported ASCVD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, controlling for confounding factors. Separate models tested for GWI associations with ASCVD and risk factors documented in the electronic health record.
GWI was associated with self‐reported hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67 [95% CI, 1.18–2.36]), hyperlipidemia (aOR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.03–2.05]), and ASCVD (aOR, 2.65 [95% CI, 1.56–4.51]). In the subset of veterans with electronic health record data, GWI was associated with documented diabetes (aOR, 2.34 [95% CI, 1.43–3.82]) and hypertension (aOR, 2.84 [95% CI, 1.92–4.20]). Hyperlipidemia and hypertension served as partial mediators of the association between GWI and self‐reported ASCVD.

Conclusions
Gulf War veterans with GWI had higher odds of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and ASCVD compared with Gulf War veterans without GWI. Further examination of the mechanisms underlying this association, including a possible shared exposure‐related mechanism, is necessary.
Long Distance Air Ambulance Transfers for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Yong Vivien T.Y. , Donnelly Joseph , Hong Jae Beom , Diprose William K. , Caldwell James R. , Lee Shane S. , McGuinness Ben J. , Brew Stefan , Barber Peter Alan 
Published: September 2023

Background
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is limited to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs), with patients who first present to primary stroke centers (PSCs) transferred for treatment by road ambulance or helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS). We aimed to determine if there were outcome differences in patients transferred for EVT via HEMS.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was performed in the setting of a large regional network with 1 CSC receiving patients directly, or via road ambulance from 3 metropolitan PSCs or HEMS from 13 more distant PSCs. Consecutive patients were identified from a mandatory national EVT registry. HEMS transfers were compared with 2 metropolitan patient groups: direct‐to‐CSC and metro PSC‐to‐CSC patients. The primary outcome was day 90 functional independence (modified Rankin scale score, 0–2). Secondary outcomes included day 90 death rate.

Results

A total of 1183 EVT‐treated patients were identified (45% women; median age, 69 years; 88% anterior circulation strokes; median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 16). A total of 332 (28%) patients were HEMS transfers, 428 (36%) were direct‐to‐CSC, and 423 (36%) were metro PSC‐to‐CSC transfers. The median transfer distances to the CSC were 11 (8–11) miles for road ambulance and 81 (70–121) miles for HEMS. HEMS patients were matched at baseline with the 2 metropolitan groups, except for a lower prevalence of congestive heart failure (
P
<0.001) and a higher thrombolysis rate (54% versus 42% and 45%;
P
=0.004). HEMS patients had longer onset‐to‐EVT‐groin time (median minutes 370 versus 195 direct‐to‐CSC patients and 255 metro PSC‐to‐CSC;
P
<0.001). Direct‐to‐CSC patients were more likely to be independent at day 90 (
P
=0.026), but there was no difference between the 2 transfer groups (
P
=0.911). There were no differences among the 3 cohorts in day 90 mortality rate for all stroke types (
P
=0.321) or independence in anterior circulation strokes (
P
=0.124).

Conclusion
In this large regional stroke network, patients transferred via HEMS for EVT had similar day 90 outcomes to their metropolitan counterparts despite longer transfer times. CSCs should not be discouraged from considering patients from more distant PSCs who require HEMS.
Toward ‘Computational-Rationality’ Approaches to Arbitrating Models of Cognition: A Case Study Using Perceptual Metacognition
Authors: Rong Yingqi , Peters Megan A. K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Perceptual confidence results from a metacognitive process which evaluates how likely our percepts are to be correct. Many competing models of perceptual metacognition enjoy strong empirical support. Arbitrating these models traditionally proceeds via researchers conducting experiments and then fitting several models to the data collected. However, such a process often includes conditions or paradigms that may not best arbitrate competing models: Many models make similar predictions under typical experimental conditions. Consequently, many experiments are needed, collectively (sub-optimally) sampling the space of conditions to compare models. Here, instead, we introduce a variant of optimal experimental design which we call a computational-rationality approach to generative models of cognition, using perceptual metacognition as a case study. Instead of designing experiments and post-hoc specifying models, we began with comprehensive model comparison among four competing generative models for perceptual metacognition, drawn from literature. By simulating a simple experiment under each model, we identified conditions where these models made maximally diverging predictions for confidence. We then presented these conditions to human observers, and compared the models’ capacity to predict choices and confidence. Results revealed two surprising findings: (1) two models previously reported to differently predict confidence to different degrees, with one predicting better than the other, appeared to predict confidence in a direction opposite to previous findings; and (2) two other models previously reported to equivalently predict confidence showed stark differences in the conditions tested here. Although preliminary with regards to which model is actually ‘correct’ for perceptual metacognition, our findings reveal the promise of this computational-rationality approach to maximizing experimental utility in model arbitration while minimizing the number of experiments necessary to reveal the winning model, both for perceptual metacognition and in other domains.
The Names of Sidonius’ Addressees and the Manuscript Tradition of the Letters
Authors: Marolla Giulia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sidonius is often the only source of information on his addressees. Following Dolveck’s stemma codicum of Sidonius’ Letters, the present contribution offers a timely reassessment of the manuscript tradition attesting the names of his addressees by using manuscript studies and onomastics as a tool for prosopography. The paper first examines the evolution of onomastics in the Late Antique West and Sidonius’ own name. These introductory remarks are closed by some considerations on what is commonly believed to be Sidonius’ epitaph and whether it bears the author’s name or that of his son Apollinaris. The contribution then analyses some of the most noteworthy case studies of diverging readings of names of addressees in his collection, questioning the prosopographical tradition. The survey shows that the popularity enjoyed by some names—rather than attested variants—in Sidonius’ prosopography is a remnant of prior editions and of their influence over the collective knowledge of the author.
Civilization and Its Others: American Imaginaries, State of Nature, and Civility in Hobbes
Authors: Martens Stephanie B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Critical approaches to the canon of Western political and legal thought from the point of view of race or gender have developed in recent years, as have studies highlighting the connections between supposedly universalist philosophies and their role in sustaining or legitimizing imperial and colonial conquests. On social contract theory in particular, seminal works include Charles Mills’ The Racial Contract and Carole Pateman’s The Sexual Contract. The importance of this type of work cannot be understated, and Mills is right to insist on the “blinding whiteness of the discipline.” In the case of Hobbes, I argue, the privilege established in his texts is better qualified as “civilizational” rather than “racial.” Hobbes’s texts construct a certain image of civilization, a form of exclusion and domination that eschews biological determinism in favor of social, historical bias. This “civilizational” thinking certainly can work – and will work later on in conjunction with modern racism and white privilege – to exclude many. The racial contract – as per Mills – is only a late installment on a more fundamental one, the civilizing contract.
Schreckensvision oder Drogenfreuden
Authors: Kühlmann Wilhelm 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This contribution sketches out the broad field of tobacco literature, which spread rapidly in the 16th century. A single leaf print by Sigmund von Birken (1652) shows discourses for and against the consumption of tobacco. Central to my examination are two poems about the topic (1720 and 1718), which will be interpreted with regard to their contexts. The school rector of Nordhausen, Johann Joachim Meier (1682–1736), wrote a satire in Latin verses (provided here with text, translation, and commentary) against the disastrous consumption of tobacco among pupils and students. This text works with impressive framings (such as the nightly visitation of Apollo at the teacher’s sickbed) and provides a quite informative, polyhistorical commentary of contemporary tobacco literature. This poem will be compared to Johann Christian Günther’s student song “Lob des Knaster-Tobacks”, a text that praises pleasure and joy, using arguments of natural law. Within the horizon of comparable poems (e.g. Canitz), Günther repels religious and institutional paternalism, thus showing separating concepts of life and behavioral norms.