bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family caregivers in primary care: a survey of German general practitioners on procedures and problems experienced in day-to-day practice
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
By providing both assistance and support, GPs can play a central role for family caregivers. By catering to the needs of caregivers, they are capable of stabilising in-home care settings over the long term. The aim of the present study is to provide a status quo analysis of how GPs assess their options for supporting individuals providing care, as well as the focal points set by their practice, and their estimation of obstacles and challenges encountered in day-to-day practice.

Method
An online questionnaire was used to survey a total of 5112 GPs in North Rhine-Westphalia between April and November 2022 (response quota: 46%). A heterogeneous random sample was obtained (58% male, 42% female; average age: 57; 50% medium-sized town/city practice, 50% rural/small town practice). To determine significant differences between two groups, a t-test was used with independent random samples. Answers to free-form questions were analysed using a subsequent coding based on a qualitative content analysis.

Findings
A total of 70% of respondents have frequent contact with family caregivers. Some 79% consider GPs to be well-suited to the role of primary contact point for caregivers and coordinating care. GP-carer support relationships typically arise as a result of caregivers approaching GPs (90%). Topics frequently addressed involve a worsening of the care situation (77%) and changes in the care needed (86%); consultations in the initial phase of the care situation are less common (44%). While respondents perceive a complex constellation of needs on the part of family caregivers, differences in priorities are observable between GPs in urban and rural environments (involvement of consultant/support network versus proactive and psychosocial assistance). GPs experience a wide range of challenges in providing assistance to caregivers, including the timely organisation of appropriate relief programmes (87%), referring caregivers to suitable help services (80%) or the early identification of informal caregivers (60%).

Discussion
In order to strengthen the GP role, the practice team should talk to caregivers as early as possible, and refer them to suitable help and support programmes. To achieve effective support for successful care, it is important to cater equally to the needs of the persons giving and receiving care as part of the caregiver-care receiver-GP triad.
Are Nurses Ready for a Disaster in Turkey? A Hospital Case
Authors: Koçak Hatice Serap , Kaplan Serin Emine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective:
In Turkey, which is a land of disasters, it is vital for nurses to be prepared before a disaster, and to exhibit an effective attitude and behavior during it. Having a large number of casualties during a disaster may cause inadequacies in receiving basic health care in the hospital.

Methods:
This study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional style to determine the disaster preparedness and preparedness perceptions of nurses. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form and Nurses’ Perception of Disaster Preparedness Scale (NPDPS).

Results:
Nurses’ disaster experience, drill experience, and perusal of the disaster plan positively affected the perception of disaster. The disaster preparedness of the institution positively affected the perception of disaster preparation. A significant difference was determined between the requests for information regarding disaster education and NPDPS. A statistically significant relationship was found between terrorist attacks, earthquake exposure, and the total scale score of NPDPS.

Conclusions:
Consequently, nurses and health institutions, whose responsibilities become graver in disasters, have duties such as providing treatment and medical support. Therefore, it was suggested that disaster nursing and disaster management should have been included in the in-service training of nurses.
Exploring the Role of Intermediaries in the Acceleration Stage of the Energy Transition: A Comparative Case Study of Two Local Energy Projects
Authors: Hofman Petra , Stapper Michiel , Groenleer Martijn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransition intermediaries are expected to play an important role in the acceleration stage of the energy transition. While existing scholarship helps us understand the role of transition intermediaries in the early stages of transitions, it remains unclear what role intermediation plays in subsequent transition stages, especially at the local level where the implementation of policies and legislation takes place. In this article, we aim to investigate how intermediation takes shape in the acceleration stage of the energy transition. Drawing on the literature on transition intermediaries and intermediation at the local level, we explore the role of transition intermediaries in two local energy projects in the Netherlands. Through extensive qualitative research, we find that various actors can act as transition intermediaries and that a single actor can fulfil different intermediary roles simultaneously. Our findings contribute to the literature on transition intermediation and urban intermediaries, emphasising the key role intermediaries play in aligning innovations with existing institutional configurations. Furthermore, we highlight their role in connecting the energy transition to broader societal developments, including through citizen involvement in local and regional governance arrangements.
Resolution of the Erdős–Sauer problem on regular subgraphs
Authors: Janzer Oliver , Sudakov Benny 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we completely resolve the well-known problem of Erdős and Sauer from 1975 which asks for the maximum number of edges an n-vertex graph can have without containing a k-regular subgraph, for some fixed integer

$k\geq 3$

. We prove that any n-vertex graph with average degree at least

$C_k\log \log n$

contains a k-regular subgraph. This matches the lower bound of Pyber, Rödl and Szemerédi and substantially improves an old result of Pyber, who showed that average degree at least

$C_k\log n$

is enough.
Our method can also be used to settle asymptotically a problem raised by Erdős and Simonovits in 1970 on almost regular subgraphs of sparse graphs and to make progress on the well-known question of Thomassen from 1983 on finding subgraphs with large girth and large average degree.
Panic, False News, and the Roots of Colonial Fear
Authors: Leonard Zak 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article offers a microhistory of a forgotten panic that engulfed the north Indian city of Allahabad in 1870, when the city's European residents began to anticipate a revolt by the native infantry. Rumors of this looming event, I argue, confirmed suspicions that ill-advised income tax legislation and military retrenchment had created a combustible situation. The apparent threat of insurrection was therefore symptomatic of a more systemic ailment: burgeoning distrust between the government of India, local officials, and British civilians. Rather than undertaking counterinsurgent action against dissident Indians or so-called Wahhabi agitators, the central administration attempted to tamp down European critique of its policies. I thereby foreground the government's confrontational relationship with the Anglo-Indian press and analyze its legalistic efforts to police the new telegraph lines that brought the false news of this fictitious mutiny to metropolitan notice.
Measuring Closeness in Proportional Representation Systems
Authors: Luechinger Simon , Schelker Mark , Schmid Lukas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe provide closed-form solutions for measuring electoral closeness of candidates in proportional representation (PR) systems. In contrast to plurality systems, closeness in PR systems cannot be directly inferred from votes. Our measure captures electoral closeness for both open- and closed-list systems and for both main families of seat allocation mechanisms. This unified measure quantifies the vote surplus (shortfall) for elected (nonelected) candidates. It can serve as an assignment variable in regression discontinuity designs or as a measure of electoral competitiveness. For illustration, we estimate the incumbency advantage for the parliaments in Switzerland, Honduras, and Norway.
USAGE AND ACCEPTANCE OF MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN PROJECT-BASED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Rößler Lisa , Gericke Kilian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to identify the reasons for neglecting and the motivations for using management tools among three groups of students participating in a project that was carried out and followed over a period of one semester. For this purpose, a survey in the form of questionnaires and interviews was created. Particular emphasis was placed on the use of project management methods, tools and techniques and respondents were asked to rate the effectiveness of their usage. Additionally, the participants were asked to report limitations or distractions they had encountered. The results revealed five aspects that mainly influenced the students’ motivation in using management tools: the team atmosphere, determining responsibilities, performance transparency, expectations by the supervisors, feedback and performance evaluation. On that basis conclusions were drawn on what actions can be taken to motivate future students and designers.
Efficacy of cognitive remediation in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Samamé Cecilia , Durante Paula , Cattaneo Brenda , Aprahamian Ivan , Strejilevich Sergio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA significant percentage of people with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit suboptimal functional adjustment, even when appropriately treated and after symptomatic recovery is achieved. Given that cognitive impairment is one of the strongest correlates of socio-occupational outcomes and quality of life in BD, cognitive remediation (CR) is currently acknowledged as a promising treatment that could help bridge the gap between symptomatic and full functional recovery. The aim of this review was to explore the efficacy of CR approaches in improving cognitive and functional outcomes in BD patients. PubMed, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to November 2022. Randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of CR on cognition and/or functional adjustment in adult BD patients were eligible. Ten studies based on seven independent trials (n = 586) were included. Change-score effect sizes (Hedges' g) were obtained for efficacy outcome measures and combined by means of meta-analytic procedures. Small but significant overall effects were observed for working memory (g = 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.52), planning (g = 0.30, 95% CI 0.03–0.56), and verbal learning (g = 0.40, 95% CI 0.15–0.66). However, CR was not found to exert any significant effects on functional outcomes at treatment completion or at follow-up assessment. Although CR may modestly enhance the cognitive performance of BD patients, this effect does not translate into an improvement at the functional level. The current data do not support the inclusion of CR as a treatment recommendation in clinical practice guidelines for the management of BD.
Economic rationale shaping music teacher education: the case of Spain
Authors: Zamorano-Valenzuela Felipe Javier , Aróstegui José Luis , González-Martín Cristina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the literature on music teacher education programmes for mainstream education in order to undertake critical reflection on what we are doing and why in our university classrooms, what theories are implicit and what could be done to improve our programmes. After analysis, mainly from European contexts, and considering the Spanish one in particular, we find an influence of the economic – and, ultimately, political – rationale on substantial aspects, manifested in apparent disjunctions between musical and educational features, as well as in formal issues, fundamentally due to the European Higher Education Area. In the end, it is concluded that, without renouncing the economic aspects, curricula should be more addressed towards the integration of pedagogical and musical knowledge, and the treatment of aspects related to social justice, if we do not want an uncritical reproduction of rationalities that are often obsolete in the training of pre-service music teachers.
Tspan5 promotes the EMT process to regulate the syncytialization of trophoblast cells by activating Notch signalling
Authors: Tang Hai-Yu , Lin Mei , Liang Yong-Qian , Wang Jin-Hua , Yi Hong-Gan , Yang Man 
Published: July 2023

SummaryPlacental trophoblastic cells play important roles in placental development and fetal health. However, the mechanism of trophoblastic cell fusion is still not entirely clear. The level of Tspan5 in the embryo culture medium was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fusion of BeWo cells was observed by immunofluorescence. Cell fusion-related factors and EMT-related factors were identified by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Notch protein repressor DAPT was used to verify the role of Tspan5 in BeWo cells. The expression of Tspan5 was significantly increased in embryo culture medium. The fusion of BeWo cells was observed after treatment with forskolin (FSK). Cell fusion-related factors (i.e. β-hCG and syncytin 1/2) and Tspan5 were significantly increased after FSK treatment. In addition, FSK treatment promoted EMT-related protein expression in BeWo cells. Knockdown of Tspan5 inhibited cell fusion and EMT-related protein levels. Notch-1 and Jagged-1 protein levels were significantly upregulated, and the EMT process was activated by overexpression of Tspan5 in FSK-treated BeWo cells. Interestingly, blocking the Notch pathway by the repressor DAPT had the opposite results. These results indicated that Tspan5 could promote the EMT process by activating the Notch pathway, thereby causing cell fusion. These findings contribute to a better understanding of trophoblast cell syncytialization and embryonic development. Tspan5 may be used as a therapeutic target for normal placental development.
Alerting the Globe of Consequential Earthquakes
Authors: Wald D. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe primary ingredients on the hazard side of the equation include the rapid characterization of the earthquake source and quantifying the spatial distribution of the shaking, plus any secondary hazards an earthquake may have triggered. On the earthquake impact side, loss calculations require the aforementioned hazard assessments—and their uncertainties—as input, plus the quantification of the exposure and vulnerability of structures, infrastructure, and the affected inhabitants. Lastly, effectively communicating uncertain estimates of the resulting impacts on society requires careful consideration of its function and form. All these aspects of rapid earthquake information delivery entailed wide‐ranging collaborative research and development among seismologists, earthquake engineers, geographers, social scientists, Information Technology professionals, and communication experts, leveraging diverse components and ingredients not achievable without extensive collaboration. I was very fortunate to be able to work on interesting and useful projects with many colleagues who got involved with them. Advances in content, its rapid delivery, and our ability to better communicate uncertain loss estimates greatly expanded the range of users and critical decision‐makers who could directly benefit from rapid post‐earthquake information. Moreover, in the critical user–developer feedback loop, we have intently followed requests from users to develop new ways of delivering the most‐requested post‐earthquake information within the limitations of the science and technology. Such new avenues and tools then motivated and prioritized additional research directions and developments.
Porphyry Copper Deposit Formation: Identifying Garnet and Amphibole Fractionation With REE Pattern Curvature Modeling
Authors: Tatnell Lucas , Anenburg Michael , Loucks Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPorphyry copper ore‐forming intrusions are distinguished from barren arc magmas by high oxidation state and “adakitic” high Sr/Y and La/Yb. Controversy over petrogenesis of adakites has centered on ambiguities in interpretation of their steep rare earth element (REE) patterns, and on whether garnet participates in their petrogenesis. Lambda (λ) coefficients deconvolute subtle differences in REE pattern curvature, providing a more quantitative method to explore mineral fractionation processes. Here, we use trace element and numerical λ coefficient modeling to assess the relative influence of amphibole, garnet, and plagioclase in the petrogenesis of porphyry ore‐forming intrusions. We find that garnet‐fractionation trends are not evident in REE patterns of many adakitic porphyry‐forming intrusions. Instead, porphyry‐forming intrusions in the western Pacific and Eocene porphyry‐forming intrusions in northern Chile have REE patterns consistent with a garnet‐free, amphibole‐dominated cumulate. Traditional element ratios such at Dy/Dy*, LaN/YbN, and DyN/YbN are poor discriminants for garnet or amphibole fractionation.
Estimation of the Snow Water Equivalent Using Muon Scattering Radiography
Authors: Orio‐Alonso Aitor , Alonso‐González Esteban , Díez‐González Carlos , Gómez‐García Pablo , Martínez‐Ruiz del Árbol Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the important hydrological and ecological implications of the snowpack, its real time monitoring remains challenging. This is particularly relevant in relation to the Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), as the available technologies which measure it, exhibit a number of limitations that hinder their operational implementation. In this work, we explore the potential of a new technology, Muon Scattering Radiography, to infer the SWE. We coupled snowpack simulations generated by the SNOWPACK model, with a muon scattering simulation program based on GEANT4. The SWE is modeled as a function of the muon scattering distributions. Predictions of the SWE along the year are provided showing a root‐mean‐square error of 12 mm for 5 hr continuous measurements. We also performed laboratory measurements using ice samples, confirming the SWE estimation capabilities and the potential of the technique to operate as a SWE monitoring tool.
LRO‐LAMP Lunar South Pole Cold Traps: Assessment of H2O and Potential CO2 and NH3 Reserves
Authors: Magaña L. O. , Retherford K. D. , Byron B. D. , Hendrix A. R. , Grava C. , Mandt K. E. , Raut U. , Czajka E. , Hayne P. O. , Hurley D. M. , Gladstone G. R. , Poston M. J. , Greathouse T. K. , Pryor W. , Cahill J. T. , Stickle A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNighttime Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) observations are used to investigate condensed volatiles at the south polar region of the Moon. This study incorporates LAMP data from the first ∼7 years of the mission and Diviner annual maximum temperatures to search for volatile signatures associated with H2O, NH3, and CO2. Other stable potential species, for example, SO2 and H2S, are not identifiable with the ultraviolet ratio‐temperature techniques and are not directly addressed in this study. We confidently detect a ∼20% increase in normalized Off‐band (175–190 nm) to On‐band (148–162 nm) albedo ratios (consistent with condensed surface volatiles) at temperatures below ∼115 K. Elevated normalized ratios extend to temperatures capable of supporting pure aforementioned ices over geologically long time scales. Although ∼115 K is consistent with H2O lifetimes of ∼1‐Myr, the presence of CO2 and NH3 are not uniquely delineated by the data trends with temperature. Future spectral modeling to appropriately identify the composition and abundance of these condensed volatiles remains necessary. Normalized albedo ratios are further analyzed for candidate species via maximum temperatures to inform the likelihood of ice signatures: H2O (70 K < T ≤ 115 K), NH3 + H2O (60 K < T ≤ 70 K), and CO2 + NH3 + H2O (T ≤ 60 K). We compare normalized albedo ratios across seven regions of interest (ROI), including Faustini, Shoemaker, Haworth, Cabeus, Amundsen, Nobile, and an unnamed region. Such comparisons allow for characterization of relative abundances of volatiles across the ROI important for their utilization in future crewed and robotic missions to the Moon.
A Model of High Latitude Ionospheric Convection Derived From SuperDARN EOF Model Data
Authors: Lam M. M. , Shore R. M. , Chisham G. , Freeman M. P. , Grocott A. , Walach M.‐T. , Orr L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractForecasting of the effects of thermospheric drag on satellites will be improved significantly with better modeling of space weather effects on the high‐latitude ionosphere, in particular the Joule heating arising from electric field variability. We use a regression analysis to build a model of the ionospheric convection drift velocity which is driven by relatively few solar and solar wind variables. The model is developed using a solar cycle's worth (1997–2008 inclusive) of 5‐min resolution Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) patterns derived from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) line‐of‐sight observations of the convection velocity across the high‐latitude northern hemisphere ionosphere. At key stages of development of the model, we use the percentage of explained variance P to see how well the model reproduces the EOF data. The final model is driven by four variables: (a) the interplanetary magnetic field component By, (b) the solar wind coupling parameter epsilon ε, (c) a trigonometric function of day‐of‐year, and (d) the monthly F10.7 index. The model can reproduce the EOF velocities with a characteristic P = 0.7. The model and EOF data compare best around the solar maximum of 2001. is lower around solar minimum, due to occasional limitations in the geographical and temporal coverage of the SuperDARN measurements. This may indicate the need to modify our model around the minimum of the solar cycle. Our model has the potential to be used to forecast the ionospheric electric field using the real‐time solar wind data available from spacecraft located upstream of the Earth.