bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental nursing actions for frail older people in the emergency department: A national cross‐sectional survey and a qualitative analysis of practice guidelines
Authors: Ekermo David , Ronnås Matilda , Muntlin Åsa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo map how frailty among older people is assessed at Swedish emergency departments and to describe fundamental nursing care actions for these patients.DesignDescriptive national survey and a qualitative analysis of text.MethodsA majority (82%, n = 54) of the Swedish hospital‐based emergency departments for adults were included, representing all six healthcare regions. An online survey was used to collect data, together with submitted local practice guidelines for older people at the emergency departments. Data were collected during February–October 2021. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed together with a deductive content analysis framed by the Fundamentals of Care framework.ResultsSixty‐five per cent (35 of 54) of the emergency departments identified frailty, with less than half of them using an established assessment instrument. Twenty‐eight (52%) of the emergency departments have practice guidelines containing fundamental nursing actions for the care of frail older people. The majority of nursing actions in the practice guidelines were related to patients' physical care needs (91%), followed by psychosocial care needs (9%). No actions could be identified as relational actions (0%) according to the Fundamentals of Care framework.ConclusionMany Swedish emergency departments identify frail older people, but they use a range of different assessment instruments. While practice guidelines directing fundamental nursing actions for frail older people are often in place, a holistic, person‐centred view addressing the patient's physical, psychosocial and relational care needs is missing.ImpactThe population is growing older, and more people are needing more complex hospital care. Frail older people have an increased risk of negative outcomes. The use of a variety of assessment instruments for frailty may pose a challenge to equal care. To ensure a holistic, person‐centred view of frail older people, the Fundamentals of Care framework can be used in developing and reviewing practice guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionClinicians and non‐health professionals were invited to review the survey to ensure face and content validity.
Factors that shape large‐scale gradients in clonality
Authors: Zhang Hongxiang , Chen Si‐Chong , Bonser Stephen P. , Hitchcock Timothy , Moles Angela T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimMany plant species reproduce clonally. However, ecologists still have much to learn about the factors that shape large‐scale patterns in plant clonal growth and reproduction, especially in the southern hemisphere. We addressed this knowledge gap by quantifying relationships between reproductive mode and a suite of plant characteristics and environmental variables.LocationAustralia.TaxonSpermatophytes.MethodsWe used data for 914,456 species‐site combinations (including 4116 unique species) in Australia to quantify the bivariate relationships between the probability of species having clonal reproduction and four plant characteristics and 16 environmental variables, using phylogenetic logistic regressions. We also compared the relative effects across plant characteristics and environmental variables groups through principal component analysis and phylogenetic logistic regressions.ResultsThe probability of species having clonal reproduction was much more strongly related to plant characteristics than to environmental variables. Short, herbaceous plants and monocots were more likely to have clonal reproduction and were more common in environments with low temperatures, low solar radiation, high moisture availability, high net primary productivity (NPP) and high soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents. Tall, woody plants and eudicots tended to have only sexual reproduction, and were more common in dry and soil impoverished environments.Main conclusionsOur results advance the understanding of the factors that shape large‐scale patterns in plant reproduction strategy. For example, the fact that clonality is more common in shorter, herbaceous species suggests that clonality can be added to the suite of traits that align species on the fast‐slow continuum. The fact that clonal reproduction is more tightly correlated with moisture availability, NPP and soil nutrients than climatic extremes and variations suggests that clonal reproduction may be better understood as a strategy for population expansion in resource abundant sites than as a strategy for reproductive assurance under environmental stress.
β‐Lactoglobulin affects the oxidative status and viability of equine endometrial progenitor cells via lncRNA‐mRNA‐miRNA regulatory associations
Authors: Data Krzysztof , Marcinkowska Klaudia , Buś Klaudia , Valihrach Lukas , Pawlak Edyta , Śmieszek Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) was previously characterized as a mild antioxidant modulating cell viability. However, its biological action regarding endometrial stromal cell cytophysiology and function has never been considered. In this study, we investigated the influence of β‐LG on the cellular status of equine endometrial progenitor cells under oxidative stress. The study showed that β‐LG decreased the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, simultaneously ameliorating cell viability and exerting an anti‐apoptotic effect. However, at the transcriptional level, the reduced mRNA expression of pro‐apoptotic factors (i.e. BAX and BAD) was accompanied by decreased expression of mRNA for anti‐apoptotic BCL‐2 and genes coding antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD‐1, GPx). Still, we have also noted the positive effect of β‐LG on the expression profile of transcripts involved in endometrial viability and receptivity, including ITGB1, ENPP3, TUNAR and miR‐19b‐3p. Finally, the expression of master factors of endometrial decidualization, namely prolactin and IGFBP1, was increased in response to β‐LG, while non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that is lncRNA MALAT1 and miR‐200b‐3p, were upregulated. Our findings indicate a novel potential role of β‐LG as a molecule regulating endometrial tissue functionality, promoting viability and normalizing the oxidative status of endometrial progenitor cells. The possible mechanism of β‐LG action includes the activation of ncRNAs essential for tissue regeneration, such as lncRNA MALAT‐1/TUNAR and miR‐19b‐3p/miR‐200b‐3p.
The show must go on: The EU's quest to sustain multilateral institutions since 2016
Authors: Schuette Leonard , Dijkstra Hylke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultilateralism is in crisis. States increasingly contest, undermine and even withdraw from international organisations and other multilateral institutions. Challenges emanate not only from emerging powers but also from established Western states and civil society. No other actor but the EU is more intimately entangled with multilateralism. This article therefore reviews to what extent and how the EU has actively sustained multilateral institutions since 2016. It identifies three types of mechanisms: the defence, reform and extension of multilateral institutions. Based on interviews with senior officials in the EU institutions and the member states, the article finds that the EU has proven to be rather successful in temporarily defending existing institutions. However, it largely failed to reform multilateral institutions and extend multilateral institutions to new areas. In doing so, the article contributes to our understanding of the EU as a foreign policy actor and the processes of the crisis of multilateralism.
Bacterial biofilm reduction by 275 and 455 nm light pulses emitted from light emitting diodes
Authors: Prasad Amritha , Roopesh M. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEradication of biofilms from the food contact surfaces is a challenging task, owing to their increased resistance to sanitizers and regular cleaning practices. The treatment with the light pulses emitted from the light emitting diode (LED) is an emerging surface decontamination technology, that can produce the antibiofilm effect by photodynamic inactivation. The objective of this study was to understand the antibiofilm efficacy of the 275 (Ultraviolet‐C [UV‐C]) and 455 nm (Blue) light pulses emitted from the LEDs against single and dual‐species biofilms of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC13311 and Aeromonas australiensis 03‐09 on stainless steel (SS) coupons formed at different time. The biofilm formation by S. Typhimurium was improved when grown with A. australiensis in dual‐species culture. Both 275 and 455 nm light pulses showed significant antibiofilm activity against S. Typhimurium and A. australiensis in single and dual‐species biofilms. For instance, the 275 nm LED treatment of surfaces of SS coupons with 1.8 J/cm2 dose on each surface, produced reductions of 4.24 and 3.9 log (CFU/cm2) in single (cell attachment) and dual‐species biofilms of S. Typhimurium, and reductions of 4.45 and 4.99 log (CFU/cm2) in single and dual‐species biofilms of A. australiensis. However, the susceptibility of A. australiensis toward 455 nm LED treatments was influenced by the presence of S. Typhimurium in the dual‐species biofilm. The confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed significant cell membrane damage in the dual‐species biofilms by the LED treatments with 275 and 455 nm light pulses. Overall, several factors like surface temperature increase, strains used, treatment dose, treatment time, and incubation period of biofilms influenced the inactivation efficacy of the 275 and 455 nm LED treatments against the biofilms formed on SS coupons. This study provides an insight into the inactivation efficacy of LED light pulses against bacterial biofilms on food grade SS surfaces.
Patterns of parent screen use, child screen time, and child socio‐emotional problems at 5 years
Authors: Cost Katherine T. , Unternaehrer Eva , Tsujimoto Kimberley , Vanderloo Leigh L. , Birken Catherine S. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Szatmari Peter , Charach Alice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDigital media screens have become an essential part of our family life. However, we have insufficient knowledge about parental screen use patterns and how these affect children's socio‐emotional development. In total, 867 Canadian parents of 5‐year‐old children from the TARGet Kids! Cohort (73.1% mothers, mean ± SD age = 38.88 ± 4.45 years) participated in this study from 2014 to the end of 2019. Parents reported parental and child time on television (TV) and handheld devices and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Latent profile analysis identified six latent profiles of parent screen use: low handheld users (P1, reference; n = 323), more TV than handheld (P2; n = 261), equal TV and handheld (P3; n = 177), more handheld than TV (P4; n = 57), high TV and handheld (P5; n = 38), and extremely high TV and handheld (P6; n = 11). Parents that were more likely to belong to P6 were also more likely to be living in single‐parent households compared to P1 (estimate = −1.49 ± 0.70), p = .03). High membership probability for P2 (estimate = −0.67 ± 0.32, p = .04) and P4 (estimate = −1.42 ± 0.40, p < 0.001) was associated with lower household income compared to P1. Children of parents with higher P4 (χ2 = 12.32, p < 0.001) or P5 (χ2 = 9.54, p = .002) membership probability had higher total screen time compared to P1. Finally, a higher likelihood to belong to P6 (χ2 = 6.82, p = .009) was associated with a higher SDQ Total Difficulties Score compared to P1. Thus, patterns of parent screen use were associated with child screen use and child socio‐emotional problems. The emerging link between parental screen use profiles and child behaviors suggests the need for more research on parent screen time.
Learning Modality and Quality of Life Among US School‐Age Children During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Cox Casey F. , Messiah Sarah E. , Knell Gregory 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDShifts from in‐person learning to virtual and hybrid learning modes in response to the coronavirus pandemic potentially impacted children's physical, emotional, social, and academic development. This study examined the association between virtual, in‐person, and hybrid learning modality with parent‐reported quality of life among US students (kindergarten‐12th) in early 2021.METHODSParents reported current learning modality and physical, emotional, social, and school quality of life for children (aged 5‐11, n = 1381) and adolescents (aged 12‐17, n = 640). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the odds of impaired quality of life by learning modality.RESULTSAmong children, hybrid and virtual learners had greater odds of impaired quality of life (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22, 2.64 and aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.17, 2.12, respectively) relative to in‐person learners. Among adolescents, virtual learners had greater odds impaired physical (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.26, 3.38) and school function (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.38, 3.61) relative to in‐person learners.CONCLUSIONSLearning modality was associated with student well‐being, and appropriate alternative learning modalities may differ for younger and older students in terms of educational quality and quality of life.
Reducing Student Exposure to Digital Food and Beverage Marketing: Policy and Practice Recommendations
Authors: Wilking Cara , Moukalled Summer , Polacsek Michele 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTDigital marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children and adolescents is pervasive, highly effective, undermines healthy eating, and contributes to health inequities. Expanded use of electronic devices and remote learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic has increased the urgency for policy interventions to limit digital food marketing in schools and on school‐issued devices. The US Department of Agriculture provides little guidance to schools for how to address digital food marketing. Federal and state privacy protections for children are inadequate. Considering these policy gaps, state and local education authorities can incorporate strategies to reduce digital food marketing into school policies for: content filtering on school networks and on school‐issued devices; digital instructional materials; student‐owned device use during lunch; and school use of social media to communicate with parents and students. Model policy language is provided. These policy approaches can leverage existing policy mechanisms to address digital food marketing from a variety of sources.
Altitudinal gradients and body size variation among Chinese lizards in different terrains
Authors: Liang T. , Dai W. , Zhang Z. , Bempah G. , Shi L. , Lu C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpatial patterns of body size are associated with environmental factors like temperature, seasonality, precipitation, resources, and altitude, among the most relevant. Latitudinal size patterns have been extensively studied. Studies on altitudinal gradients of body size, however, are relatively few. Besides, it is still unclear whether there is variation in the relationship between environmental factors and body size of species, or correlations within different altitudes. China provides a good opportunity to assess the altitudinal gradients of body size, because the entire terrain of China changes from high altitude in the west to low altitude in the east, with three natural terrain stages (low: less than 660 m.a.s.l.; medium: 660–2600 m.a.s.l.; and high: more than 2600 m.a.s.l.). Similarly, lizards are distributed across a wide altitudinal range (from −154.31 m to ~6000 m above sea level). We examined 211 lizard species in China and assessed the altitudinal gradients of Chinese lizard body sizes at assemblage and interspecific levels. Piecewise structural equation models (pSEM) were used to investigate the direct and indirect relationships between body size and environmental factors within different terrains (low, medium, and high altitudes). Overall, we found that body size in Chinese lizards decreases with increasing altitude. However, there were variations in the altitudinal gradients and drivers within the three terrain stages. Altitude has both direct (medium and low stages) and indirect (high stages) effects in shaping lizard size. We established that body size increased with increasing altitudes in the low and medium terrain stages. Seasonality had different effects on body size in medium (positively) and low (negatively) stages. However, among the three terrain stages, temperature was consistently negatively correlated with lizard size. Overall, we identified complex patterns and drivers of altitudinal gradients of body size within the three terrain stages, probably due to the different environmental conditions across altitudes.
Neuropathic pain component and its association with time elapsed since pain onset in patients with low back pain
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Ban Min Gi , Yoon Kyung Bong , Yang Yun Seok , Kim Shin Hyung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTime elapsed since pain onset might affect the likelihood of neuropathic component in low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuropathic pain component and pain duration in patients with low back pain and to identify factors associated with neuropathic pain component.MethodsPatients with low back pain who received treatment at our clinic were enrolled. Neuropathic component was assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire at the initial visit. PainDETECT scores and the results for each item were compared according to pain duration category (< 3 months, 3 months to 1 year, 1 year to 3 years, 3 years to 10 years, and ≥ 10 years). A multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with neuropathic pain component (painDETECT score ≥ 13) in low back pain.ResultsA total of 1957 patients, including 255 patients who reported neuropathic‐like pain symptoms (13.0%), fully satisfied the study criteria for analysis. No significant correlation between painDETECT score and pain duration was observed (ρ = −0.025, p = 0.272), and there were no significant differences between median painDETECT score or trend of change in the proportion of patients with neuropathic component and the pain duration category (p = 0.307, p = 0.427, respectively). The electric shock‐like pain symptom was frequently reported in patients with acute low back pain, and the persistent pain pattern with slight fluctuations was predominant in chronic low back pain. The pattern of attacks with pain between them was much less common in patients with pain for 10 years or longer. Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of lumbar surgery, severe maximum pain, opioid use, lumbosacral radiculopathy, and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with a neuropathic component in low back pain.ConclusionTime elapsed since current pain onset did not correlate with neuropathic pain component in patients with low back pain. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this condition should be based on a multidimensional evaluation at assessment and not on pain duration alone.
Elective and non‐elective endomyocardial biopsy in heart transplant patients and procedural outcomes: An IMPACT registry analysis
Authors: Deshpande Shriprasad R. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Martin Gerard R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndomyocardial biopsies are standard of care for transplant surveillance, however the procedural risks are not well established, especially in children. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess procedural risks and outcomes associated with elective (surveillance) biopsies and non‐elective (clinically indicated) biopsies.MethodsWe used the NCDR IMPACT registry database for this retrospective analysis. Patients undergoing an endomyocardial biopsy were identified using the procedural code, with a diagnosis of heart transplantation required. Data regarding indication, hemodynamics, adverse events and outcomes was gathered and analyzed.ResultsA total of 32 547 endomyocardial biopsies were performed between 2012–2020; 31 298 (96.5%) elective and 1133 (3.5%) were non‐elective biopsies. Non‐elective biopsy was more commonly performed in infants and in those above 18 years of age, in female and in Black race patients and in those with non‐private insurance (all p < .05) and showed hemodynamic derangements. Overall rate of complications was low. Combined major adverse events were more common in non‐elective patients, with sicker patient profile, use of general anesthesia and femoral access with overall decline in these events over time.ConclusionsThis large‐scale analysis shows safety of surveillance biopsies and that non‐elective biopsies carry a small but significant risk of major adverse event. Patient profile impacts the safety of the procedure. These data may serve as important comparison point for newer non‐invasive tests and for bench marking, especially in children.
Determination of the appropriate concentration of sodium alginate used for in vitro culture of cat preantral follicles in a serum‐free medium containing FSH, EGF and IGF‐I
Authors: Fuertes‐Recuero M. , González‐Gil A. , Pérez J. C. Fontanillas , Ariati I. García‐Cuenca , Picazo R. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCulture of domestic cat preantral follicles can be a suitable technology to assist oocyte conservation strategies in the family Felidae. This research was aimed to comparatively analyse cat preantral follicular development of follicles directly seeded on growth surface or encapsulated in 0.5 or 1% of sodium alginate in a serum‐free medium containing FSH, EGF and IGF‐I. Preantral follicles were isolated from cat ovarian cortical tissue after ovariectomy. Alginate was dissolved at 0.5 or 1% in PBS. Follicles, 4 per well, with 0% (G‐0%), 0.5% (G‐0.5%) or 1% (G‐1%) of sodium alginate were cultured in M199 with FSH (100 ng/mL), EGF (100 ng/mL) and IGF‐I (100 ng/mL) for 7 days at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 99% humidity. Culture medium was replaced every 48 h and samples were stored at −20°C until ELISA of steroid hormones. Morphometric evaluation of follicles was performed every 24 h. G‐0% follicles showed granulosa cell migration away from the oocyte and disrupted morphology, whereby they reached apparently larger diameters (203.70 ± 5.82 μm; p < .05) than G‐0.5% and G‐1% follicles (157.89 ± 8.47 μm and 95.23 ± 1.67 μm, respectively) which maintained three‐dimensional organization, being larger in G‐0.5% than in G‐1% (p < .05). G‐0.5% follicles attained the multi‐layer preantral follicle stage on day 7 of culture, whereas G‐1% follicles underwent progressive atresia. On day 6, steroid concentrations were higher (p < .05) in G‐0% than in G‐1%: 60 ± 19 vs 0.88 ± 0.32 pg/mL oestradiol; 2.6 ± 0.84 vs 0.04 ± 0.02 ng/mL progesterone; 1.3 ± 0.22 vs 0.61 ± 0.04 ng/mL testosterone and 1.6 ± 0.54 vs 0.22 ± 0.07 ng/mL androstenedione respectively. Steroid concentrations in G‐0.5% were comprised between those of G‐0% and G‐1% (p > .05). In conclusion, two‐layer cat preantral follicles encapsulated in 0.5% alginate cultured in medium containing FSH, EGF and IGF‐I can develop up to the multi‐layer preantral stage in 7 days of culture, whereas follicles directly seeded on growth surface or encapsulated in 1% alginate lost their three‐dimensional organization, and experienced regression with compromised steroidogenesis, respectively.