bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between prealbumin, all‐cause mortality, and response to nutrition treatment in patients at nutrition risk: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bretscher Céline , Buergin Michelle , Gurzeler Gianna , Kägi‐Braun Nina , Gressies Carla , Tribolet Pascal , Lobo Dileep N. , Evans David C. , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp ,   for the EFFORT study team
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the shorter half‐life as compared with albumin, serum prealbumin concentrations have been proposed to be useful nutrition biomarkers for the assessment of patients at nutrition risk. In a post hoc analysis of patients at nutrition risk from a randomized controlled nutrition trial, we tested the hypothesis that (1) prealbumin is associated with higher all‐cause 180‐day mortality rates and that (2) individualized nutrition support compared with usual‐care nutrition more effectively improves survival at 30 days in patients with low prealbumin levels compared with patients with normal prealbumin levels.MethodsWe performed a prespecified cohort study in patients included in the pragmatic, Swiss, multicenter randomized controlled EFFORT trial comparing the effects of individualized nutrition support with usual care. We studied low prealbumin concentrations (<0.17 g/L) in a subgroup of 517 patients from one participating center.ResultsA total of 306 (59.2%) patients (mean age 71.9 years, 53.6% men) had low admission prealbumin levels (<0.17 g/L). There was a significant association between low prealbumin levels and mortality at 180 days (115/306 [37.6%] vs 47/211 [22.3%], fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.28; P = 0.011). Prealbumin levels significantly improved the prognostic value of the Nutritional Risk Screening total score regarding mortality prediction at short‐ and long‐term. The difference in mortality between patients receiving individualized nutrition support and usual‐care nutrition was similar for patients with low prealbumin levels compared with patients with normal prealbumin levels (HR=0.90 [95% CI=0.51–1.59] vs HR=0.88 [95% CI=0.35–2.23]) with no evidence for interaction (P = 0.823).ConclusionAmong medical inpatients at nutrition risk, low admission prealbumin levels correlated with different nutrition markers and higher mortality risk, but patients with low or high prealbumin levels had a similar benefit from nutrition support. Further studies should identify nutrition markers that help further personalize nutrition interventions.
Minding the gap between the front and back offices: A systemic analysis of the offshore oil and gas upstream supply chain for framing digital transformation
Authors: Czachorowski Karen V. , Haskins Cecilia , Mansouri Mo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe offshore oil and gas upstream supply chain operations are part of a complex system with many stakeholders and intricate relationships. Traditionally, these operations are managed manually, which leads to inefficiencies. Despite the innovative and engineering‐orientated approaches adopted in other technical operations of the industry, the supply chain activities remain unchanged, relying heavily on legacy systems. However, cutting‐edge technology opportunities are available for adoption in supply chain management systems in the oil and gas industry. Such a transformative upgrade relies on first understanding the operational inefficiencies and preparing an accurate picture for how these operations should be performed. This study adopts a systemic approach to examine the oil and gas offshore supply chain operations of a case company to identify areas for improvement. The objective is to address the following research questions: (1) what is the current “AS‐IS” supply chain operations support; and (2) what is the desired “TO‐BE” state for these operations. This research adopts a soft systems lenses applied in an action research project to capture and analyze existing operations. The research revealed that information exchange is a major barrier, and that technology and organizational gaps are the primary hindrance for a digital transformation. The conclusion is that there is a need for a higher level of data exchange and increased data quality in any proposed transformation.
Does it Matter Where You Live? Young People’s Experiences of Educational Transitions from Basic Education to Further Education in Finnish Lapland
Authors: Lakkala Suvi , Turunen Tuija , Laitinen Merja , Norvapalo Katja , Thessler Kaisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes how young people living in small communities or rural areas in Finnish Lapland portray their educational transitions from primary to secondary school and further to upper secondary school and vocational education and training. The research data consists of 7 focus group interviews, which were attended by a total of 27 students. The research philosophy relied on a phenomenological approach in which the young people’s experiences were explored. The data analyses were conducted using the theory-led thematic analysis approach. According to the results, the transition phases resulted in changing roles and responsibilities for the students. The experiences included both positive and negative aspects. The students’ social relationships and supporting networks underwent changes, for example, the students were excited about whether they will develop new friends and their parents expected them to be more autonomous than before. Young people leaving their communities encountered diverse challenges. On the other hand, some of the young people who continued their studies in the small community were worried about their privacy and had a fear of stigmatisation. As an answer to the question set in the title of this chapter, we may conclude that it really matters where one lives during educational transitions.
General Average in Genoa: Between Statutes and Customs
Authors: Iodice Antonio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen it comes to the development of the rules governing the General Average (GA) procedure, this is usually understood in a "continuity" perspective. Rules and practices seem to converge towards a common approach, at least across the Mediterranean Sea. What risks being lost in this narrative is the variety of local legal systems and the different ways in which the states of the Old Regime regulated the GA institution. This contribution aims to present GA rules and their evolution in the Republic of Genoa from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age. In particular, it will focus on mutual influences between the Consulat de Mar and the Genoese customs. Moreover, the information uploaded in the online database AveTransRisk will be used to evaluate the application of the statutory rules in daily practice by shipmasters arriving in the port of Genoa.
The Nautical Republic of the Carrera de Indias: Commerce, Navigation, Casos Fortuitos and Avería Gruesa in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: García Garralón Marta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay analyzes some aspects of the relationships between merchants and seamen as they emerge from the handling of General Averages—averías gruesas—in the Carrera de Indias. The practice of General Average was underpinned by the concept that mutual aid and assistance were needed in shipping, even when travelling in convoys as was the case in the Carrera. The analysis of GA litigation in the Spanish Atlantic is a privileged window into the conflicts between two categories—merchants and seamen—and those institutions, such as the Casa de Contratación and those Crown officers who regulated Atlantic trade and navigation.
All-Normal Dispersion Fiber Supercontinuum: Principles, Design, and Applications of a Unique White Light Source
Authors: Heidt Alexander M. , Spangenberg Dirk-Mathys , Rampur Anupamaa , Hartung Alexander , Bartelt Hartmut 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrafast and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are emerging as key-enabling technology for new applications in spectroscopy, microscopy, and ultrafast photonics. In this chapter we review the fundamental physics, fiber designs, and applications of this unique white light source.
Chemical Pollution and Diseases of Marine Mammals
Authors: Reckendorf Anja , Siebert Ursula , Parmentier Eric , Das Krishna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMan-made persistent pollutants (such as PCBs, pesticides and trace metals) reach aquatic organisms through the food chains. Pollutants are ingested and assimilated by smaller organisms, and their concentration in tissues increases from prey to predators. Being at the top of the food chains, marine mammals accumulate some of the highest environmental contaminant levels of all wildlife. They are good sentinel species for monitoring long-term environmental pollution. Exposure to contaminants may have large consequences, both on an individual and a population level. The prevalence and severity of diseases of aquatic wildlife has recently increased in many species. Scientists use new methods to understand how pollutants affect the immune system of marine mammals. Learning about contaminants may also contribute to our understanding of outbreaks of infectious diseases in marine mammals.
Towards Sustainable Transport Practices in a Coastal Community in Norway: Insights from Human Needs and Social Practice Approaches
Authors: Guillén-Royo Mònica , Temesgen Amsale K. , Vangelsten Bjørn Vidar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of needs-based workshops carried out in Vågan municipality in the Lofoten Islands in Northern Norway in 2018. Drawing on Max-Neef’s Human Scale Development participatory methodology, 14 representatives of the local society, including students, blue- and white-collar workers and pensioners, participated in a one-day workshop discussing satisfiers (values, social practices, institutions, personal and collective actions and attributes, environments, etc.) that either hampered or contributed to need fulfilment in the municipality. Participants also identified the interventions, at the personal, community and governance levels, that would improve need fulfilment and environmental sustainability. Analysis of workshop data revealed that sustainable transport practices, including ride- and car-sharing using collective transport and cycling, were considered synergetic as they helped fulfil several human needs whilst hampering none. Further, the study highlighted the interdependence of satisfiers associated with sustainable transport and other need-promoting satisfiers. For example, encouraging ride-sharing appeared both linked to the development of a dedicated mobile phone application and to the creation of non-commercial meeting places. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the implications of a human need perspective for the transition towards sustainable consumption practices.
Value Mapping: Practical Tools for Wellbeing and Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Butters Chris , Jakobsen Ove 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of consumption—and hence of economics—is wellbeing. Whilst useful for some purposes, orthodox tools such as GNP tell us little meaningful about our wellbeing, or that of the planet. Newer frameworks such as Ecological Economics or Quality of Life indices introduce qualitative criteria, embracing a much broader view of costs and benefits. However, they still leave consumers without tools to actually guide and frame decision making. Looking beyond the material, psychological, cultural and other forces underlying consumption, this chapter offers tools to enable those—consumers or policy makers—who have the intent to move towards sustainable choices.However, to do so we need to integrate all three facets of ecology, economy and society within a holistic framework. Basic material needs like food or shelter are quantifiable; qualities such as friendships or liberty are not. Consumption decisions involve both objective and subjective factors, quantities and qualities, facts and values. Can these antinomic categories be integrated in one framework for evaluation and decision making? We must also consider the individual, the collective and the global. This is what “value mapping” offers; a framework to evaluate and compare choices; an integral approach to wellbeing and consumption. It addresses both experts and laypeople, and is visually intuitive as well as easy to apply either in simple versions or in detailed forms not described here. What kinds of consumption can give maximum wellbeing with minimum negative impacts? The Value Maps presented here are practical tools to address this question.
Capitalism, Consumption, and the Transformation of Everyday Life: The Political Economy of Social Practices
Authors: Hansen Arve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter takes the growth of the ‘global consumer class’ as a starting point and argues that a broader research agenda to make sense of consumption among new middle classes is needed. Specifically, the chapter argues that such an agenda needs to approach changing consumption patterns as the outcome of both large-scale societal transformations and local-scale changes in how people carry out mundane activities. The chapter is influenced by social practice theories but argues for combining this with a direct study of economic systems. However, practice approaches have been labelled as so far unable or even ill-suited for studying the political economy of consumption. The chapter engages with this critique and suggests ways forward, focusing in particular on the fundamentally structuring role that capitalism has on consumption patterns. This is illustrated with the case of the radical changes in consumption patterns in China and Vietnam in the past decades, after both countries embarked on market reforms. The dramatic consumption booms these countries have seen under communist regimes, traditionally highly sceptical towards a wide range of consumer goods, represent an excellent case for discussing the conditioning effects of the political-economic context on consumption patterns.
Household Energy Practices in Low-Energy Buildings: A Qualitative Study of Klosterenga Ecological Housing Cooperative
Authors: Standal Karina , Wilhite Harold L. , Wågø Solvår 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines household energy practices in the ecological housing cooperative Klosterenga in Oslo, Norway. Klosterenga, built in 2000, was one of the early implementers of smart building principles in Oslo, Norway. Although the ecological profile of Klosterenga inspired some of the residents to change behavioural habits such as limiting their car use or consumption patterns, the findings of this article show that expectations of smart technology as a primary solution towards energy efficiency and residents being rational consumers using this technology to save costs do not hold. The residents of Klosterenga rarely emphasised the building’s ecological profile and smart energy systems when purchasing their home, and the energy-efficient systems and integration of heating costs in the rent had adverse effects on residents’ energy consumption. Rather than taking the visions of ecology at heart, many residents legitimised everyday habits of high indoor temperature in the fact that the system was efficient. The findings contribute to the growing body of research that critically examines how smart technology visions for reducing energy use in buildings are implemented and practiced by the residents living in them.
A ‘People’s Car’ Without a People? Mobility, Aspirations and Status in ‘New India’
Authors: Nielsen Kenneth Bo , Wilhite Harold 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the trajectory of the Indian small car, the Tata Nano. When launched by the manufacturer Tata Motors as a new Indian ‘people’s car’ in 2008, the Nano was widely predicted to revolutionise automobility in India. Yet it barely made an impact on the Indian car market, and production was phased out just a decade after the first Nano had hit the Indian roads. By analysing the changing popular representations and symbolic imaginaries that attach to the car as a means to mobility and an object of identity and social status, we argue that the Nano failed neither because it was mediocre, nor because it remained economically out of reach for most Indians. Rather, its insertion into the lower ranks of a powerful status hierarchy of identity-defining objects precluded it from adequately tapping into new and hegemonic forms of middle-class consumer aspiration in ‘New India’, thereby leaving the people’s car without ‘a people’.
The Illustrated Printed Page as a Tool for Thinking and for Transmitting Knowledge. The Case of the Theoricae Planetarum
Authors: Pantin Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the early modern period, astronomy underwent a profound transformation in the way it was taught, as the response of an enlarged readership took on more and more importance. This change notably concerned the use of images and diagrams. TheTheoricae planetarum, especially Peuerbach’sTheoricae novae planetarum, are a privileged example in this respect, for they served a particularly large range of functions. They were mnemonic tools and visual glossaries, and an essential element in Peuerbach’s pedagogical approach. They had a documentary role, as they gave plausible representations of the celestial spheres; they could be used as proofs of the soundness of a “theory,” or could simply help to follow a geometrical demonstration. Some of them were small-scale models designed to serve as tools for the mind to better grasp the complex combination of movements in what was then calledmachina mundi. All these figures, and their power to exercise the mind, were well suited to a period when more and more astronomers were involved in imagining, drawing, and comparing hypothetical models of planetary movements.
Theoretical Framework and Stylized Facts
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Joutz Frederick L. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Javid Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a very broad sense, KGEMM is a demand-side macroeconometric model augmented with several supply-side representations. The fifth version of KGEMM, presented in this book, has more supply-side augmentation compared to earlier versions. Welfe (2011) among others discuss that for macroeconometric models to be used for policy analysis and projections they should represent both the demand- and supply-side relationships.
Conclusions
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe comparison of patient occupation in French and English mental institutions has highlighted different attitudes towards the causation and treatment of mental disorder and towards different models of care. It has also emphasised the influence of factors external to institutions, such as poverty, welfare provision, local employment, war and financial crises, on patient occupation. The comparison has revealed how the perceived need by one group of medical professionals (in this case, psychiatrists) for a particular treatment (occupational therapy) can stimulate the growth of a new profession and the infrastructure to support it. It has demonstrated how old ideas and practices can be re-imagined and brought back into use, becoming the hallmark of a modern hospital once again. While the precise nature of the activity and the justifications for its allocation have changed in emphasis over time and in different settings, patient occupation has remained a constant in institutions for the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century.
From Alienism to Psychiatry
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFreebody demonstrates how the divergent pathways to professionalisation taken by French and English psychiatry generated different views regarding the causation and treatment of mental disorders, and the therapeutic value attributed to work and other occupations. French psychiatry’s close links to neurology led to an adherence to a physiological interpretation of mental disorder, and to the persistence of a custodial model of care, or “alienism”, in the provinces, and to a preference for biological methods of treatment in the capital. After their experiences of treating “shell shock” during World War I, English psychiatrists (and a small group of Parisian psychiatrists) began to see the causes of mental disorder holistically, the result of psychological, social or environmental factors, or a combination of these and physiological factors. For these psychiatrists, occupation and psychotherapy became useful tools in the active treatment of curable patients, not simply the preserve of calm, chronic, incurable and convalescent patients.
Affective Contexts Worldwide
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo better understand the mechanics of how false information challenges the health of the civic body, this chapter explores the economics of emotion (the optimisation of datafied emotional content for financial gain) and the politics of emotion (the optimisation of datafied emotional content for political gain) under different affective contexts worldwide. It starts by examining elections in the USA, given its politically affectively polarised population, its media polarisation and long experience of emotive electoral disinformation on social media. It then turns to the Philippines, given its affective patronage democracy, clientelism and extremely high social media usage. This is followed by examining Sweden, a country that should be resilient to false information given its strong civic institutions, but that has witnessed a breakdown of consensus culture initiated by the emergence of right-wing populist nationalist political parties and supporting online media. These examples provide a grounded sense of the scale and dynamics of false information media systems. They highlight the importance of understanding specificities of affective contexts, and their intersections with international information flows such as information warfare, ideological struggles and resources for content moderation by global platforms.
US-China Strategic Competition in Each Domestic Context
Authors: Carlson Brian G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The U.S.-China strategic competition has grown increasingly intense in recent years. A large share of the explanation lies in the changing structure of the international system, as a rising China poses a challenge to the U.S. position as the established superpower. Domestic political factors in both countries also play important roles, however. The clash between the two countries’ political systems, pitting a liberal democracy against a one-party authoritarian state, intensifies the conflict. Moreover, recent political developments in both countries create pressure for increasingly intense competition. As the 2020 U.S. presidential election made clear, a strong bipartisan consensus has formed in the United States in favor of a more confrontational approach toward China than the engagement strategy pursued for the past few decades. In China, the combination of domestic political problems made worse by the coronavirus pandemic, the imperative to satisfy Chinese nationalism, and Xi Jinping’s consolidation of one-man rule could push China toward an increasingly assertive foreign policy. All of these domestic factors could further intensify the U.S.-China strategic competition.