bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underwater macrophotogrammetry to monitor in situ benthic communities at submillimetre scale
Authors: Gouezo Marine , Doropoulos Christopher , Slawinski Dirk , Cummings Ben , Harrison Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Larval settlement and recruitment of sessile organisms are key ecological processes for population recovery and maintenance that occur at scales invisible to the human eye. Accordingly, proxies of recruitment have commonly been quantified using artificial substrata such as settlement tiles made of diverse materials and shapes, which are typically transported to the laboratory for examination. However, it is unknown how much bias is introduced with this sampling strategy and how recruitment quantified on tiles relates to recruitment on nearby natural substrata.

Here, we applied techniques that combine macrophotography with photogrammetry (macrophotogrammetry) underwater to monitor benthic communities at submillimetre scale. This application allows the investigation of recruitment and community succession of the earliest life‐history stages in situ and on natural substrata.

We tested the use of four different imaging systems, varying in costs from US$ 1400 to US$ 5440. While the most expensive SONY αRiv system provided the best visual output and ground resolution (up to 5 μm/pixel with a + 4 close‐up lens); regardless of systems, 3D models always had a ground resolution ≤23 μm/pixel and errors in planar measurements of submillimetre features were similar among systems. This level of resolution compares well with stereomicroscopy in the range of 5:1 to 10:1 magnification, while providing detailed 3D digital records through time.

Using a coral reef example, we apply this approach to demonstrate how it can be used to monitor small reef areas (~300–600 cm2) through time, including the quantification of biophysical metrics such as cover of small facilitative and competitive organisms and microhabitat complexity. We further show that organisms as small 0.5 mm in size, such as 2‐month‐old coral settlers, can be located accurately within the 3D models and measured with a good level of confidence. This method can be readily applied to other benthic environments to elucidate drivers of early recruitment and recovery of benthic organisms following disturbance impacts at very fine scales, directly on natural substrata, to avoid biases inherent with laboratory‐based analyses of artificial surfaces.
No Evidence that Measuring Moderators Alters Treatment Effects
Authors: Sheagley Geoffrey , Clifford Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocial scientists are frequently interested in who is most responsive to a treatment. By necessity, such moderation experiments often rely on observed moderators, such as partisan identity. These designs have led to an ongoing debate about where to measure moderators—immediately prior to the treatment, after the treatment, or in a prior wave of a panel survey. Measuring a moderator prior to the treatment is the most efficient and avoids posttreatment bias, but it raises concerns about priming. We contribute to this debate by systematically studying whether measuring moderators prior to an experiment affects the results. Across six different experiments, each involving a commonly used moderator, we find little evidence of priming effects, even when a moderator is placed immediately before the experiment. Our findings thus help resolve the debate, suggesting that researchers should measure moderators pretreatment. We conclude with advice on designing well‐powered moderation experiments.
Contraceptive use among women seeking an early induced abortion in Sweden
Authors: Niemeyer Hultstrand Jenny , Törnroos Elin , Tydén Tanja , Larsson Margareta , Makenzius Marlene , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Ekstrand Ragnar Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn spite of societal efforts to strengthen women's sexual and reproductive health in Sweden, many women have unmet contraceptive needs and the abortion rate remains high. The aim of this study was to investigate contraceptive use among abortion‐seeking women.Material and methodsSwedish‐speaking women seeking an induced abortion up to the end of gestational week 12 at seven hospitals filled out an anonymous paper questionnaire between January and June 2021. Data were analyzed using frequencies and cross‐tabulations, and the Chi‐square test was used to compare age‐groups. Valid percentages are presented.ResultsIn total, 623 women participated. Median age was 29 years and 13% were born outside the Nordic countries. In the year preceding the abortion, condoms (37%, n = 228) were the most commonly used contraceptive method, followed by short‐acting reversible contraception (SARC) (35%, n = 213) and withdrawal (25%, n = 152). Around one in five (n = 113) had not used any method in the year preceding the abortion. Sixteen percent (n = 96) had changed contraceptive method in the last year. At the time around conception, 15% (n = 90) reported use of SARC and 2% (n = 12) of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC). Four out of 10 women (n = 268) reported non‐use of contraception at the time around conception, with a higher proportion among adolescents (70%, n = 30, P = 0.001). Among the women who responded to why they had not used any method (n = 387), the main reasons were that they did not believe they could become pregnant at that time (37%, n = 144) or had negative experiences from using contraceptives (32%, n = 123). A majority (88%, n = 527) planned to use contraception after the abortion. Of the women who had decided on method, 55% (n = 271) planned to use LARC, and 38% (n = 188) planned to use SARC.ConclusionThe unmet need for contraception appears to be high among abortion‐seeking women in Sweden. Many had discontinued contraception use during the last year, and the main reasons for avoidance were beliefs that one could not become pregnant and negative experiences of contraceptives. The underestimation of pregnancy risk indicates limited fertility awareness, thus our recommendation would be to strengthen the sexual and reproductive knowledge among this group.
Not all green innovations are equally green: State ownership, green innovation generality and contingencies
Authors: Qu Guannan , Pan Xin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research scrutinises the correlation between state ownership and the attributes of green innovation, specifically underscoring generality as a primary trait of innovation favoured by governments. Green innovation with generality, due to its applicability across diverse contexts at reduced expense, becomes an appealing strategy for states to address environmental concerns. Consequently, we suggest that state ownership encourages the prevalence of green innovation characterised by generality. Furthermore, we delve into two contingencies related to ascribed and achieved political connections, positing that they, respectively, impose negative and positive moderating influences. Support for our propositions comes from data gathered from Chinese listed firms during the period 2004–2019. By emphasising the importance of green innovation characteristics over their quantity, our research offers a significant contribution to the literature on green innovation in the context of state ownership.
Motivations to learn genomic information are not exceptional: Lessons from behavioral science
Authors: Taber Jennifer M. , Peters Ellen , Klein William M. P. , Cameron Linda D. , Turbitt Erin , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhether to undergo genome sequencing in a clinical or research context is generally a voluntary choice. Individuals are often motivated to learn genomic information even when clinical utility—the possibility that the test could inform medical recommendations or health outcomes—is low or absent. Motivations to seek one's genomic information can be cognitive, affective, social, or mixed (e.g., cognitive and affective) in nature. These motivations are based on the perceived value of the information, specifically, its clinical utility and personal utility. We suggest that motivations to learn genomic information are no different from motivations to learn other types of personal information, including one's health status and disease risk. Here, we review behavioral science relevant to motivations that may drive engagement with genome sequencing, both in the presence of varying degrees of clinical utility and in the absence of clinical utility. Specifically, we elucidate 10 motivations that are expected to underlie decisions to undergo genome sequencing. Recognizing these motivations to learn genomic information will guide future research and ultimately help clinicians to facilitate informed decision making among individuals as genome sequencing becomes increasingly available.
Randomized controlled pilot study comparing small buccal defects around dental implants treated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft or with guided bone regeneration
Authors: Zuercher A. N. , Strauss F. J. , Paqué P. N. , Bienz S. P. , Jung R. E. , Thoma D. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo compare subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) versus guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the treatment of small peri‐implant dehiscence defects in terms of profilometric (primary outcome), clinical, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).MethodsSixteen patients who presented with small buccal bone dehiscences (≤3 mm) following single implant placement were recruited. Following implant placement, buccal bone defect sites were randomly treated either with a SCTG or GBR. Six patients who lacked bone dehiscences after implant placement were assigned to a negative control. Transmucosal healing was applied in all patients. Patients were examined prior (T1) and after (T2) implant placement, at suture removal (T3), at implant impression (T5), at crown delivery (T6), and 12 (T7) months after crown delivery. Measurements included profilometric outcomes, marginal bone levels, buccal bone and soft tissue thickness, PROMs, and clinical parameters. All data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsThe median changes in buccal contour as assessed by profilometric measures between T1 and T5 showed a decrease of 1.84 mm for the SCTG group and 1.06 mm for the GBR group. Between T2 and T7, the median change in the buccal contour amounted to 0.45 mm for SCTG and −0.94 mm (=loss) for GBR. Patients' pain perception tended to be higher in SCTG than in GBR. All peri‐implant soft tissue parameters showed healthy oral tissues and no clinically relevant differences between groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this pilot study, treating small peri‐implant dehiscence defects with a SCTG might be a viable alternative to GBR. The use of a SCTG tended to result in more stable profilometric outcomes and comparable clinical outcomes to GBR. However, patient‐reported outcome measures tended to favor GBR.
Bankruptcy and international intervention: The case of Addiko bank
Authors: Gabriel Hannah C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2014, the Austrian bank Hypo Group Alpe Adria was purchased by the American banking group Advent International, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and re‐branded as Addiko bank. In this paper, I explore how this purchase of Addiko Bank by an international multilateral development bank (MDB) affected exporting firms in Croatia. Using a difference‐in‐differences specification to investigate whether there was a meaningful effect of this turnover on firm performance, I find that the turnover of Addiko bank led to a $160,000 decrease in loans taken out by firms. However, this effect seems to occur immediately after the turnover, and vanishes over time. This effect is seen among domestically‐owned firms and non‐manufacturing firms, but not multinational affiliates and manufacturing firms. Additionally, I find no effect of this turnover on firm revenues. These results indicate that after an initial period of turmoil, the intervention by EBRD and Advent International had no lasting negative effects on firms in Croatia. The intervention by a MDB can help reform a financial sector and will not necessarily lead to detrimental effects at the micro‐level.
REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) modulates the glucocorticoid receptor function in keratinocytes
Authors: Chudakova D. A. , Trubetskoy D. , Baida G. , Bhalla P. , Readhead B. , Budunova I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases despite significant adverse effects including skin atrophy. Effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well‐known transcription factor. Previously, we discovered that one of the GR target genes, REDD1, is causatively involved in skin atrophy. Here, we investigated its role in GR function using HaCaT REDD1 knockout (KO) keratinocytes. We found large differences in transcriptome of REDD1 KO and control Cas9 cells in response to glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA): both the scope and amplitude of response were significantly decreased in REDD1 KO. The status of REDD1 did not affect GR stability/degradation during self‐desensitization, and major steps in GR activation—its nuclear import and phosphorylation at activating Ser211. However, the amount of GR phosphorylated at Ser226 that may play negative role in GR signalling, was increased in the nuclei of REDD1 KO cells. GR nuclear import and transcriptional activity also depend on the composition of GR chaperone complex: exchange of chaperone FKBP51 (FK506‐binding protein 5) for FKBP52 (FK506‐binding protein 4) being a necessary step in GR activation. We found the increased expression and abnormal nuclear translocation of FKBP51 in both untreated and FA‐treated REDD1 KO cells. Overall, our results suggest the existence of a feed‐forward loop in GR signalling mediated by its target gene REDD1, which has translational potential for the development of safer GR‐targeted therapies.
Integrating freshwater biodiversity data sources: Key challenges and opportunities
Authors: Jarvis Susan G. , Mackay Eleanor B. , Risser Hannah A. , Feuchtmayr Heidrun , Fry Matthew , Isaac Nick J. B. , Thackeray Stephen J. , Henrys Peter A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In order to better quantify spatial and temporal patterns in freshwater biodiversity, and potential underlying drivers of change, we must utilise the increasingly broad range of data available on freshwater ecosystems. Statistical advances in the field of integrated modelling provide new opportunities to further our understanding through the combined and simultaneous analysis of these diverse datasets.

We briefly introduce integrated modelling in the context of freshwater biodiversity and outline the key steps involved in its implementation, from data collection to analysis. We highlight both opportunities and challenges for the application of integrated approaches.

To illustrate the potential for integrated models to improve our understanding of freshwater biodiversity compared to standard approaches, we combine two datasets collected using different methods to model the distribution of Agabus water beetles in England. The integrated model had greater power to detect covariate effects on Agabus distribution, and reduced parameter uncertainty compared with analysis using only a single dataset.

We show that integrated methods have the potential to increase our understanding of freshwater systems and enable us to make full use of the diversity of freshwater data available.
Rare sequence variants associated with the risk of non‐syndromic biliary atresia
Authors: Tamaoka Satoshi , Fukuda Akinari , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Matsubara Keiko , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Muranishi Yuki , Hata Kenichiro , Kato‐Fukui Yuko , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Fukami Maki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe etiology of non‐syndromic biliary atresia (BA) remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed genome‐wide screening of genes associated with the risk of non‐syndromic BA.MethodsWe analyzed exome data of 15 Japanese patients with non‐syndromic BA and 509 control individuals using an optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O), a gene‐based association study optimized for small‐number subjects. Furthermore, we examined the frequencies of known BA‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the BA and control groups.ResultsSKAT‐O showed that rare damaging variants of MFHAS1, a ubiquitously expressed gene encoding a Toll‐like receptor‐associated protein, were more common in the BA group than in the control group (Bonferroni corrected p‐value = 0.0097). Specifically, p.Val106Gly and p.Arg556Cys significantly accumulated in the patient group. These variants resided within functionally important domains. SKAT‐O excluded the presence of other genes significantly associated with the disease risk. Of 60 known BA‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, only eight were identified in the BA group. In particular, p.Ile3421Met of MYO15A and p.Ala421Thr of THOC2 were more common in the BA group than in the control group. However, the significance of these two variants is questionable, because MYO15A has been linked to deafness, but not to BA, and the p.Ala421Thr of THOC2 represents a relatively common single‐nucleotide polymorphism in Asia.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that rare damaging variants in MFHAS1 may constitute a risk factor for non‐syndromic BA, whereas the contribution of other monogenic variants to the disease predisposition is limited.
Revisiting resistant hypertension: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chan Ryan J. , Helmeczi Wryan , Hiremath Swapnil S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResistant hypertension (RHT) is typically defined as blood pressure that remains above guideline‐directed targets despite the use of three anti‐hypertensives, usually including a diuretic, at optimal or maximally tolerated doses. It is generally estimated to affect 10–30% of those diagnosed with hypertension, though the true incidence might be lower after one factor in the prevalence of non‐adherence. Risk factors for its development include diabetes, obesity and other adverse lifestyle factors, and a diagnosis of RHT confers a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as stroke, heart failure and mortality. It is essential to exclude pseudoresistance and secondary hypertension and to ensure non‐pharmacologic management is optimised prior to consideration of fourth‐line anti‐hypertensive agents or advanced interventions, such as device therapies. In this review, we will cover the different definitions of RHT, along with the importance of careful diagnosis and management strategies, and discuss newer agents and research needs.
A study on learning analytics of using mobile augmented reality application to enhance cultural competence for design cultural creation in higher education
Authors: Cheng Ching‐I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTaiwan's higher education institutions prioritize interdisciplinary knowledge and cultural competence in cultural design, emphasizing the value of immersion in the local environment to develop cultural competence. However, challenges arise from the disappearance of traditional local lifestyles and limitations of traditional outdoor lectures such as group size and learning environment. Mobile augmented reality technology serves as a personal learning tool to overcome these challenges, enabling learners to uncover hidden knowledge in scenic locations and improving learning efficiency.ObjectiveThe study utilized learning analytics to investigate the impact of using mobile augmented reality on enhancing learners' cultural competence.MethodsThe study used both qualitative and quasi‐experimental quantitative research to evaluate the effects of mobile augmented reality on cultural competence. A total of 78 third‐year university students participated in the study, with 37 of them using mobile augmented reality to learn about culture. The researchers utilized both the Mann–Whitney U test and interviews to compare the effectiveness of mobile augmented reality with that of a ‘real’ tour guide in field courses.ResultsThe experimental results indicate that learners were able to continuously seek and find information about local culture through field exploration with mobile augmented reality, resulting in similar effects to those of attending a live lecture.ConclusionsIt showed that incorporating mobile AR into field visits can create gamified and active learning scenarios that enhance immersion and drive active learning in local culture. The results in greater cultural knowledge and understanding, leading to the development of cultural competence in students.
Guanosine increases global SUMO1‐ylation in the hippocampus of young and aged mice and improves the short‐term memory of young mice
Authors: Zanella Camila A. , Marques Naiani , Junqueira Stella , Prediger Rui D. , Tasca Carla I. , Cimarosti Helena I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nucleoside guanosine is an endogenous neuromodulator associated with neuroprotection. The roles of guanosine during aging are still not fully elucidated. Guanosine modulates SUMOylation in neurons and astrocytes in vitro, but it is not known whether guanosine can modulate SUMOylation in vivo and improve cognitive functions during aging. SUMOylation is a post‐translational protein modification with potential neuroprotective roles. In this follow‐up study, we investigated whether guanosine could modulate SUMOylation in vivo and behavior in young and aged mice. Young (3‐month‐old) and aged (24‐month‐old) C57BL/6 mice were treated with guanosine (8 mg/kg intraperitoneal) daily for 14 days. Starting on day 8 of treatment, the following behavioral tests were performed: open field, novel object location, Y‐maze, sucrose splash test, and tail suspension test. Treatment with guanosine did not change the locomotor activity of young or aged mice in the open‐field test. Treatment with guanosine improved short‐term memory only for young mice but did not change the working memory of either young or aged mice, as evaluated using object recognition and the Y‐maze tests, respectively. Depressive‐like behaviors, such as impaired grooming evaluated through the splash test, did not change in either young or aged mice. However, young mice treated with guanosine increased their immobility time in the tail suspension test, suggesting an effect on behavioral coping strategies. Global SUMO1‐ylation was significantly increased in the hippocampus of young and aged mice after 14 days of treatment with guanosine, whereas no changes were detected in the cerebral cortex of either young or aged mice. Our findings demonstrate that guanosine also targets hippocampal SUMOylation in vivo, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its mechanisms of action. This highlights the involvement of SUMOylation in guanosine's modulatory and neuroprotective effects.image