bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking servant leadership to follower emotional exhaustion through impression management
Authors: Peng Ann C. , Gao Riguang , Wang Biying 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe argue that servant leaders convey expectations that one needs to behave self‐sacrificially, support others and perform well. Perceiving organizational politics heightens the concern of being seen as meeting these expectations and contributes to the belief that impression management is necessary to achieve desired outcomes. Thus, to make impressions consistent with a servant leader's expectations, employees enact exemplification, ingratiation, and self‐promotion, but doing so is emotionally exhausting. We conducted 2 three‐wave survey studies in China (Study 1) and the United States (Study 2), and the results generally supported our theory. Study 1 results showed that servant leadership had positive relationships with exemplification and ingratiation, although the theorized mediation effect of impression management was not significant. Study 2 replicated the positive relationships between servant leadership and impression management. Servant leadership also had positive indirect effects on emotional exhaustion through both exemplification and ingratiation. Perceptions of organizational politics strengthened the positive effect of servant leadership on impression management, resulting in a stronger indirect effect on exhaustion. We discuss the findings' implications for servant leadership research and practice.
Accuracy of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Carotid Doppler Velocity Criteria for Grading North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Stenosis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Polak Joseph F. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus panel proposed six Doppler velocity cut points for classifying internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis of 50% and 70% according to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) method. Their relative accuracies have not been compared.Materials and MethodsMeta‐analysis performed following comprehensive literature review and identification of manuscripts with graphs of individual patient NASCET ICA stenosis measured by arteriography versus ICA peak‐systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) and ICA PSV to common carotid artery (CCA) PSV. True positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives were calculated and used in two‐level mixed effects models. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Areas under the ROC curves were estimated.ResultsNine studies performed between 1993 and 2016 were identified after review of 337 manuscripts. There were 1738 bifurcation data points extracted for PSV, 1026 for EDV, and 775 for ICA/CCA ratio. The highest sensitivity was 96% (95% CI: 93%, 98%) for PSV of 125 cm/s (50% stenosis) and highest specificity 86% (95% CI: 71%, 93%) for PSV of 230 cm/s (70% stenosis). Areas under the ROC curves ranged from a high of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92, 0.95) for PSV (50% stenosis) to a low of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.88) for EDV (70% stenosis).ConclusionsThe SRU consensus Doppler cut points vary in their accuracies for predicting ICA stenosis. The PSV cut points have tradeoffs: high sensitivity/low specificity for 50% stenosis and high specificity/moderate sensitivity for 70% stenosis.
Asymmetric responses of soil bacterial community and soil respiration to precipitation changes: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Fan , Wang Yunqiang , Wang Juntao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChanges in the frequency and intensity of precipitation altered the hydrological features, thereafter greatly affecting carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil bacteria are pivotal drivers of the global C cycle in terrestrial ecosystems; however, the responses of soil bacterial communities and the C‐cycle they regulated to precipitation changes remain unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis using 98 paired observations from 58 studies to explore the responses of soil bacteria (abundance and diversity) and their C‐related functions (soil respiration) to increased/decreased precipitation. We found that the response of soil bacterial abundance was linearly correlated with precipitation changes, while the response of soil respiration was negatively asymmetric (concave‐down). The relationship among soil bacterial abundance, alpha diversity, and soil respiration was weakened by decreased precipitation, indicating that decreased precipitation exhibited a stronger effect on soil bacterial community and soil respiration. Our study extends the understanding of soil bacteria and their functions in response to precipitation change and facilitates the prediction of soil carbon cycle‐related functions by using soil microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystem models under future precipitation scenarios.
Satellite‐air‐ground integrated multi‐source earth observation and machine learning processing brain for tailings reservoir monitoring and rapid emergency response
Authors: Wan Yuting , Zhong Yanfei , Ma Ailong , Hu Xin , Wei Lifei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTailings reservoirs are an inevitable part of the production process of metal mines and are typical of post‐mining and post‐industrial lands. Tailings reservoirs are often located in mountainous areas so earth observation and remote sensing is a necessary monitoring means. However, existing observation are generally based on satellite, air or ground platforms, Combined satellite‐air‐ground observation is rare, and the coordination ability of processing methods to cope with it is insufficient. Therefore, the response to sudden major environmental and disaster events is slow and lagging. In this study, inspired by the human brain, a satellite‐air‐ground integrated multi‐source earth observation and machine learning processing system was built up for tailings reservoir stereoscopic monitoring and rapid emergency response (SAGTR). Firstly, the brain‐inspired human visual multimodal data acquisition by satellite‐air‐ground integration platform has been established to break through the traditional single‐source and single‐mode data approach and involves satellite remote sensing images, UAV hyperspectral images, and ground parameters. Moreover, it is unique among current tailings reservoir monitoring systems. In general, our proposed SAGTR framework has promise for improving the comprehensive monitoring and emergency response to tailings reservoir failures.
Novel device to collect deep‐sea porewater in situ: A focus on benthic carbonate chemistry
Authors: Cetiner Jaclyn E. P. , Berelson William M. , Rollins Nick E. , Barnhart Holly A. , Liu Xuewu , Dong Sijia , Byrne Robert H. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have designed, built, tested, and deployed a novel device to extract porewater from deep‐sea sediments in situ, constructed to work with a standard multicorer. Despite the importance of porewater measurements for numerous applications, many sampling artifacts can bias data and interpretation during traditional porewater processing from shipboard‐processed cores. A well‐documented artifact occurs in deep‐sea porewater when carbonate precipitates during core recovery as a function of temperature and pressure changes, while porewater is in contact with sediment grains before filtration, thereby lowering porewater alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Here, we present a novel device built to obviate these sampling artifacts by filtering porewater in situ on the seafloor, with a focus near the sediment–water interface on cm‐scale resolution, to obtain accurate porewater profiles. We document 1–10% alkalinity loss in shipboard‐processed sediment cores compared to porewater filtered in situ, at depths of 1600–3200 m. We also show that alkalinity loss is a function of both weight % sedimentary CaCO3 and water column depth. The average ratio of alkalinity loss to DIC loss in shipboard‐processed sediment cores relative to in situ porewater is 2.2, consistent with the signal expected from carbonate precipitation. In addition to collecting porewater for defining natural profiles, we also conducted the first in situ dissolution experiments within the sediment column using isotopically labeled calcite. We present evidence of successful deployments of this device on and adjacent to the Cocos Ridge in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific across a range of depths and calcite saturation states.
Experimental & Modelling Digital Twin Approach for Polymer Synthesis via Re‐initiated Oxygen inhibited RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Pashayev Emil , Kandelhard Felix , Georgopanos Prokopios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractControlled polymerization techniques like the reversible‐addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) are sensitive to impurities such as oxygen. This work explores the application of re‐initiation as a tool to enhance monomer conversion. A kinetic model for the oxygen inhibited RAFT dispersion polymerization for the synthesis of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐polystyrene (P4VP‐b‐PS) is developed. Thus, using the kinetic model, the re‐initiation of the inhibited RAFT polymerization is partially (monomer conversion ≤10%) predicted. By implementing the re‐initiation as a solution, the synthesis of P4VP‐b‐PS copolymers with the high conversion (>96%) and a good dispersity (≤1.2) is enabled.
The added value of the nurse practitioner: An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Savard Isabelle , Al Hakim Grace , Kilpatrick Kelley 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimNurse practitioners' added value is often mentioned in publications, but there is no consensus on what value is being added, what value is being added to, and in comparison with what can be considered to be an added value. A concept analysis was conducted to clarify the attributes, antecedents and meaning and better understand the Nurse practitioners' added value.DesignRodgers' evolutionary concept analysis.MethodsWe selected 16 studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Embase and Medline to conduct a thematic analysis, considering the date, location and discipline of publications.ResultsNurse practitioners' added value include: skills and competencies, activities performed, positive outcomes, and positive role perceptions, and antecedents and consequences were also identified. Nurse practitioners' added value is context‐dependent and is often understood by comparing it to a context prior to implementation or other professional roles.
Strategies to improve the quality of nurse triage in emergency departments: A realist review protocol
Authors: Ouellet Simon , Galliani Maria Cécilia , Gélinas Céline , Fontaine Guillaume , Archambault Patrick , Mercier Éric , Severino Fabian , Bérubé Mélanie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this realist review was to assess what works, for whom and in what context, regarding strategies that influence nurses' behaviour to improve triage quality in emergency departments (ED).DesignRealist review protocol.MethodsThis protocol follows the PRISMA‐P statement and will include any type of study on strategies to improve the triage process in the ED (using recognized and validated triage scales). The included studies were examined for scientific quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The framework for this realist review is based on the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the context‐mechanism‐outcome (CMO) models.DiscussionNurses and ED decision makers will be informed on the evidence regarding strategies to improve the quality of triage and the factors required to maximize their effectiveness. Research gaps may also be identified to guide future research projects on the adoption of best practices in ED nursing triage.
From biodiversity to health: Quantifying the impact of diverse ecosystems on human well‐being
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Batáry Péter , Baudry Julia , Beaumelle Léa , Bucher Roman , Čerevková Andrea , de la Riva Enrique G. , Felipe‐Lucia Maria R. , Gallé Róbert , Kesse‐Guyot Emmanuelle , Rembiałkowska Ewa , Rusch Adrien , Stanley Dara , Birkhofer Klaus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Ample evidence suggests positive effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning and services in natural and agricultural landscapes. Less obvious and even contested are the effects of such diversity on human well‐being. This state of art partly stems from methodological difficulties to evaluate and quantify these effects and imprecise conceptual frameworks.

Here we propose a conceptual framework that links different aspects of diversity, particularly species and genetic richness, to ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services and disservices, and different aspects of well‐being. We review current approaches for the study of diversity–well‐being relationships and identify shortcomings and principle obstacles, mainly stemming from theoretical premises that are too imprecise.

We discuss five basic methodological approaches to link diversity to well‐being: matrix models, indirect inference, Price partitioning, structural equation modelling, and environmental inference.

We call for a stricter terminology with respect to the different aspects of functioning, multifunctionality and well‐being and highlight the need to evaluate each step in the different pathways from diversity to well‐being. A full understanding of ecological constraints on human well‐being requires consideration of trade‐offs in diversity effects, of contrasting perceptions of well‐being, and of ecosystem disservices. We also call for appropriate long‐term socio‐ecological research platforms to gather relevant data about ecosystem functioning and well‐being across space and time.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Experimental study on the prestress loss of double‐end prestressing of carbon‐fiber reinforced polymer fabric for strengthening large‐diameter reinforced concrete circular columns
Authors: Lu Chun‐Ling , Chen Jian‐tong , Gan Xiao , Wang Qiang , Zhu Wan‐Xu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen using single‐end tensioned carbon‐fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabric to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) columns, the contact length between CFRP fabric and column increases with the increase in column diameter, and the prestress losses are often very large at the distance farthest from the anchorage. To address the problem, a method for double‐end transverse prestressing of CFRP fabric for strengthening large diameter RC columns is proposed in this paper. Tests were carried out on 20 RC column specimens strengthened with prestressed CFRP fabric in constant temperature and humidity. The prestress losses due to friction during the tensioning process and the prestress losses in CFRP fabric during load holding were analyzed. A theoretical formula for the CFRP fabric prestress losses was established. The test results revealed that compared to single‐end tensioning, double‐end tensioning of CFRP fabric can effectively reduce the average friction loss ratio. The friction loss ratio in large‐diameter columns is more significant than that in small‐diameter ones. Applying epoxy coating to the column surface can reduce the prestress loss ratios due to friction and CFRP fabric retraction. The latter can also be effectively reduced by repeated tensioning. The prestress losses calculated using the formula proposed in this paper were in good agreement with the measured data.
Use patterns of systemic immunomodulators in the United States before and after dupilumab approval in adults with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Mostaghimi Arash , Schneeweiss Maria C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThe patterns of dupilumab use, the first systemic drug approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), is not well understood in the context of off‐label systemic medications.ObjectiveTo describe patterns of prescribing, switching and discontinuing systemic AD drugs, before and after the approval of dupilumab and understand variables associated with dupilumab prescription.MethodsUsing longitudinal claims data, we identified patients with AD who initiated a systemic therapy (dupilumab, cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate) from March 2015 to February 2021, with a washout period of 1 year. We used Sankey plots to visualize longitudinal patterns of use at 3, 6, and 12 months and logistic regression to determine associates of dupilumab prescription.ResultsThe number of patients starting systemic treatment increased from 319 before dupilumab approval to 1358 after. Dupilumab use increased from 72% to 84%. In 2019–2020, 36% of patients discontinued systemic treatment within a year compared to 62% in 2015–2016. 92% of patients who started dupilumab in 2020–2021 had received no other systemic treatment before. Patients <60 years and those who used steroid‐sparing topical treatments were more likely to receive dupilumab.ConclusionAmong new users of a systemic treatment for AD, dupilumab was most used treatment by far.
Incidence and predictive factors of radiation‐induced hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients who receive supraclavicular lymph nodes irradiation: A prospective study
Authors: Youssef Monika , Elmaraghi Caroline , Kamel Tarek , El‐Leithy Mahmoud , Abdelhakim Khaled 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper aimed to assess the incidence of radiotherapy‐induced hypothyroidism (RIHT) in breast cancer patients and correlate it with different factors.MethodsPatients with nonmetastatic breast cancer who received supraclavicular lymph node irradiation as a part of adjuvant radiotherapy from October 2019 to July 2020 were recruited and followed up for 18 months. All patients underwent three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy and underwent computed tomography simulation. The levels of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were assessed at baseline (before starting radiotherapy) and 9,12, and 18 months after radiotherapy using immunochemilluminescence. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors associated with developing hypothyroidism.ResultsTwenty patients out of 96 (20.8%) developed hypothyroidism. Baseline TSH (cutoff value >1.42 μIU/ml) was significantly correlated with hypothyroidism.ConclusionRoutine thyroid function tests assessment is recommended for all breast cancer patients at baseline and after radiotherapy.
Aldo‐keto reductase may contribute to glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum
Authors: Zhou Feng‐Yan , Han Heping , Han Yun‐Jing , Nyporko Alex , Yu Qin , Beckie Hugh J. , Powles Stephen B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that an aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) from Echinochloa colona (EcAKR4‐1) can metabolize glyphosate and confers glyphosate resistance. This study aims to investigate if the EcAKR4‐1 orthologs from Lolium rigidum also play a role in glyphosate resistance in non‐target‐site based, glyphosate‐resistant (R) L. rigidum populations from Western Australia.ResultsThe full‐length L. rigidum AKR gene (LrAKR4C10) orthologous to EcAKR4‐1, together with a distinct LrAKR1, were cloned from plants of a glyphosate‐susceptible (S) (VLR1) and three glyphosate R L. rigidum populations (WALR50, WALR60 and WALR70). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) results showed that basal expression levels of the two LrAKR genes did not differ between the R and S populations, but their expression was significantly induced by glyphosate (up to 4.3‐fold) or 2,4‐D treatment (up to 3.4‐fold) in R populations. Escherichia coli cells transformed respectively with LrAKR4C10 and LrAKR1 were more tolerant to glyphosate. Rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings overexpressing each of the two LrAKR gene survived glyphosate rates that were lethal to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) control plants. Structural modeling predicts a similar way of glyphosate binding and detoxification by LrAKR4C10 and EcAKR4‐1, but an alternative way of glyphosate binding by LrAKR1. Relatively lower capacity of the two LrAKRs in conferring glyphosate resistance than the known EcAKR4‐1 was discussed in relation to structural interaction.ConclusionGlyphosate‐induced higher expression of the two LrAKR genes in L. rigidum populations contributes to a moderate level of glyphosate resistance likely through enhanced glyphosate metabolism. The herbicide 2,4‐D can also induce the LrAKR expression, indicating the potential antagonistic effect of 2,4‐D to glyphosate. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bacteria‐mediated RNAi for managing fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea: screening target genes and analyzing lethal effect
Authors: Zhang Xun , Fan Zhizhi , Zhang Rong , Kong Xiangbo , Liu Fu , Fang Jiaxing , Zhang Sufang , Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, an invasive forest pest found worldwide, causes serious ecological and economic damage. Currently, the application of chemical pesticides is the most widely used strategy for H. cunea management. However, long‐term pesticide use leads to pest resistance, phytotoxicity, human poisoning, and environmental deterioration. RNA interference (RNAi) technology may provide an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective option for H. cunea control. However, effective RNAi targets and application methods for H. cunea are lacking.ResultsWe screened and obtained two highly effective RNAi targets, vATPase A (V‐type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A) and Rop (Ras opposite), from 23 candidate genes, using initial and repeat screening tests with the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection method. RNAi against these two genes was effective in suppressing each target messenger RNA level and interfering with larval growth, leading to significant larval mortality and pupal abnormality. For massive production of dsRNA and practical application of RNAi technology in H. cunea, transformed bacteria expressing dsRNAs of these two genes were prepared using the L4440 expression vector and HT115 strain of Escherichia coli. Oral administration of bacterially expressed dsRNA targeting vATPase A and Rop genes showed high mortality and the same malformed phenotype as the injection treatment. To further investigate the lethal effects of targeting these two genes on larval development, transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed on RNAi samples. The results demonstrated disorders in multiple metabolic pathways, and the expression levels of most genes related to insect cuticle metabolism were significantly different, which may directly threaten insect survival. In addition, some new findings were obtained via RNA‐seq analysis; for example, the progesterone‐mediated oocyte maturation and oocyte meiosis processes were significantly different after silencing vATPase A, and the insect olfactory protein‐related genes were significantly downregulated after dsHcRop treatment.ConclusionvATPase A and Rop are two highly effective RNAi‐mediated lethal genes in H. cunea that regulate insect growth via multiple metabolic pathways. Oral delivery of bacterially expressed dsRNA specific to vATPase A and Rop can potentially be used for RNAi‐based H. cunea management. This is the first study to apply bacteria‐mediated RNAi for the control of this invasive pest, which is a major step forward in the application of the RNAi technology in H. cunea. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.