bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making supply chains more sustainable through customer and consumer engagement: The case of rare metals
Authors: Marty Justine , Christopher Martin , Ageron Blandine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dramatic growth in customer connectivity and the Internet of Things has increased the demand for rare metals, but the extraction, refining and production of these materials can be environmentally damaging. Customers and consumers, meanwhile, are increasingly concerned about sustainability and want their voices to be heard. How and by what means, can B2B companies in the IoT and nanotechnology sector, using rare metals, engage downstream actors to address sustainable challenges in the supply chain? To answer this question, we first define the terms related to rare metals and their challenges; we then review the different methods of customer and consumer engagement proposed in the literature. Secondly, through interviews with companies in the Internet of Things sector and with consumers we analyze the downstream actors' engagement in the context of rare metals through integration methods. The results propose a mapping of the different methods that enable engagement for sustainability objectives.
Batch and Flow Green Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Conversion Of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidones
Authors: Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Manzoli Maela , Testa Maria Luisa , La Parola Valeria , Grillo Giorgio , Cravotto Giancarlo , Acciardo Elisa , Tabasso Silvia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reports a new sustainable protocol for the microwave‐assisted catalytic conversion of levulinic acid into N‐substituted pyrrolidones over tailor‐made mono (Pd, Au) or bimetallic (PdAu) catalysts supported on either highly mesoporous silica (HMS) or titania‐doped HMS, exploiting the advantages of dielectric heating. MW‐assisted reductive aminations of levulinic acid with several amines were first optimized in batch mode under hydrogen pressure (5 bar) in solvent‐free conditions. Good‐to‐excellent yields were recorded at 150 °C in 90 min over the PdTiHMS and PdAuTiHMS, that proved recyclable and almost completely stable after six reaction cycles. Aiming to scale‐up this protocol, a MW‐assisted flow reactor was used in combination with different green solvents. Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) provided a 99 % yield of N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) pyrrolidin‐2‐one at 150 °C over PdTiHMS. The described MW‐assisted flow synthesis proves to be a safe procedure suitable for further industrial applications, while averting the use of toxic organic solvents.
A review on evolving domains of Internet of Things: Architecture, applications, and technical challenges
Authors: Sharma Jahanvi , Sangwan Anju , Singh Rishi Pal 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that includes smart items with different sensors, advanced technologies, analytics, cloud servers, and other wireless devices that integrate and work together to create an intelligent environment that benefits end users. With its wide spectrum of applications, IoT is revolutionizing both the current and future generations of the Internet. IoT systems can be employed for broad‐ranging real applications, such as agriculture, the environment, cities, healthcare, and the industrial sector. In this paper, we briefly discuss the three‐tier architectural view of IoT, its different communication technologies, and the smart sensors. Moreover, we study various application areas of IoT such as the environmental domain, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, and industrial, commercial, and general aspects. A critical analysis is shown for the existing schemes and techniques related to this work. Further, this paper addresses the basic context, tools and evaluation approaches, future scope, and the advantages and disadvantages of the aforestated IoT applications. A comprehensive analysis is provided for each domain along with its fundamental parameters like the quality of service (QoS), network longevity, scalability, energy efficiency, accuracy, and cost. Finally, this study highlights the technical challenges and open research problems existing in different IoT applications.
Non‐invasive skin autofluorescence as a screening method for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Martínez‐García Irene , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Pascual‐Morena Carlos , Gómez‐Guijarro María Dolores , Saz‐Lara Alicia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a public health problem and a common cause of blindness. It is diagnosed by fundus examination; however, this is a costly and time‐consuming method. Non‐invasive skin autofluorescence (SAF) may be an accessible, fast and simple alternative for screening and early diagnosis of DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SAF as a screening method for DR. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed. Random effects models for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) value and 95% CIs were used to calculate test accuracy. In addition, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (HSROC) were used to summarise the overall test performance. Four studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI 0.72–0.88; I2 = 0.0%) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.32–0.92; I2 = 97.0%), respectively. The dOR value for the diagnosis of DR using SAF was 5.11 (95% CI 1.81–14.48: I2 = 85.9%). The PRL was 2.17 (95% CI 0.62–7.64) and the NRL was 0.27 (95% CI 0.07–1.03). Heterogeneity was not relevant in sensitivity and considerable in specificity. The 95% confidence region of the HSROC included all studies. SAF as a screening test for DR shows sufficient accuracy for its use in clinical settings. SAF may be an appropriate method for DR screening, and further research is needed to recommend it as a diagnostic method.
Leaf functional diversity and environmental filtering in a tropical dry forest: Comparison between two geological substrates
Authors: Sandoval‐Granillo Valentina , Meave Jorge A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe role of geological substrate in shaping plant community functional diversity remains poorly understood. Considering the involvement of leaves in the energy, water, and nutrient economics of plants, we hypothesized that leaves experience geology‐related filtering, which in turn shapes their functional attributes and community leaf functional diversity on different substrates. We studied tropical dry forest communities on limestone and siliciclastic phyllite‐derived soils, comparing their functional diversity and soil physico‐chemical properties. We predicted the most benign habitat (less severe filter) to be associated with higher leaf functional diversity and an acquisitive strategy prevalence, while the more stressful habitat should show conservative leaf traits and lower leaf functional diversity. We measured six traits in 31 common tree species (representing ~80% of community crown cover): leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, petiole length, and leaf blade narrowness. Leaf functional diversity was assessed through the functional trait dispersion metric. Intraspecific functional variation was examined in 25 species shared between substrates. The limestone substrate was more fertile (higher phosphorous) with higher water retention, while phyllite had higher nitrogen and lower humidity. Principal component analysis segregated plots by substrate, with limestone plots being more clustered. Community leaf functional diversity was higher in the limestone forest. Most species examined showed inter‐substrate trait differences in at least one leaf functional trait. The two substrates constituted distinct growth environments, with the more benign substrate associated with higher community leaf functional diversity. The intraspecific analysis revealed the prevalence of acquisitive traits in the more benign and more conservative traits in the more stressful habitat. This study advances our understanding of the role of geological substrate as an environmental filter in tropical dry forests, influencing leaf functional responses and emphasizing the importance of intraspecific functional variation.
Integrating forest structural diversity measurement into ecological research
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Bhatt Parth , Carrasco Luis , Francis Emily , Garabedian James E. , Hakkenberg Christopher R. , Hardiman Brady S. , Jung Jinha , Koirala Anil , LaRue Elizabeth A. , Oh Sungchan , Shao Gang , Shao Guofan , Shugart H. H. , Spiers Anna , Stovall Atticus E. L. , Surasinghe Thilina D. , Tai Xiaonan , Zhai Lu , Zhang Tao , Krause Keith 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe measurement of forest structure has evolved steadily due to advances in technology, methodology, and theory. Such advances have greatly increased our capacity to describe key forest structural elements and resulted in a range of measurement approaches from traditional analog tools such as measurement tapes to highly derived and computationally intensive methods such as advanced remote sensing tools (e.g., lidar, radar). This assortment of measurement approaches results in structural metrics unique to each method, with the caveat that metrics may be biased or constrained by the measurement approach taken. While forest structural diversity (FSD) metrics foster novel research opportunities, understanding how they are measured or derived, limitations of the measurement approach taken, as well as their biological interpretation is crucial for proper application. We review the measurement of forest structure and structural diversity—an umbrella term that includes quantification of the distribution of functional and biotic components of forests. We consider how and where these approaches can be used, the role of technology in measuring structure, how measurement impacts extend beyond research, and current limitations and potential opportunities for future research.
Comorbidities and clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: Patient‐level meta‐analysis from eight clinical trials
Authors: Fudim Marat , Dalgaard Frederik , Friedman Daniel J. , Abraham William T. , Cleland John G.F. , Curtis Anne B. , Gold Michael R. , Kutyifa Valentina , Linde Cecilia , Ali‐Ahmed Fatima , Tang Anthony , Olivas‐Martinez Antonio , Inoue Lurdes Y.T. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Sanders Gillian D. 
Published: September 2023

AimsPatients with heart failure usually have several other medical conditions that might alter the effects of interventions. We investigated whether the burden of comorbidity modified the clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsOriginal patient‐level data from eight randomized trials exploring the effects of CRT versus no CRT were pooled (BLOCK‐HF, MIRACLE, MIRACLE‐ICD, MIRACLE‐ICD II, RAFT, COMPANION, MADIT‐CRT and REVERSE). A prior history of the following comorbidities was considered: episodic or persistent atrial fibrillation (n = 920), coronary artery disease (n = 3732), diabetes (n = 2171), and hypertension (n = 3353). Patients were classified into three groups based on the number of comorbidities: 0, 1–2, or ≥3. The outcomes of interest were time to all‐cause mortality and time to the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) or all‐cause mortality. Outcomes were evaluated within each comorbidity group using a Bayesian hierarchical Weibull survival regression model. Of 6324 patients, 970 (15%) had no comorbidities, 4052 (64%) had 1–2 and 1302 (21%) had ≥3 comorbidities. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for CRT versus no CRT for all‐cause mortality in the overall cohort was 0.79 (95% credible interval [CI] 0.68–0.93) (p = 0.010); for no comorbidities the aHR was 0.54 (95% CI 0.34–0.86), for 1–2 comorbidities was 0.81 (95% CI 0.67–0.97) and for ≥3 comorbidities was 0.83 (95% CI 0.64–1.07) (no significant interaction between CRT and comorbidity burden: p = 0.13). For the endpoint of HFH or all‐cause mortality, the aHR for the overall cohort was 0.74 (95% CI 0.65–0.84) (p = 0.001), for no comorbidities was 0.69 (95% CI 0.50–0.94), for 1–2 comorbidities was 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.90) and for ≥3 comorbidities was 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.82) (no significant interaction between CRT and comorbidity burden: p = 0.081).ConclusionIn a meta‐analysis of patient‐level data from eight major trials, the totality of evidence suggests that CRT reduces HFH and/or all‐cause mortality even when several comorbid diseases are present.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00271154, NCT00251251, NCT00267098, NCT00180271.
Epimerization of trans‐Cycloalkenes with the X−C=C−SeR*‐Unit – The Steric Demand of X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et and CF3
Authors: Poleschner Helmut , Heydenreich Matthias , Achazi Andreas J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTrans‐cycloalkenes with the X−C=C−SeR*‐unit and ring sizes from 9 to 20 have been synthesized. R* bonding the selenium atom is the chiral (S)‐o‐(1‐Methoxypropyl)phenyl‐moiety, and X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et and CF3. The planar‐chiral trans‐cycloalkenes in combination with the chiral residue R* exist as two diastereomers. These can be distinguished in principle by NMR spectroscopy. Here, we have studied the epimerization of the trans‐cycloalkenes, i. e., the 180° rotation of the X−C=C‐unit through the cavity of the ring. The measurements were done with variable temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy within the range from −110 to 140 °C. The obtained values of the Gibbs energy of activation ΔG≠C depend strongly on the ring size. Furthermore, the ΔG≠C values show dramatic steric effects due to the groups X. The steric requirement of X increases in the series H≪F≪Cl<Me<Br<I<Et<CF3. Here, F is significantly larger than H, and CF3 is larger than Et. The corresponding iPr‐compounds could not be synthesized. The transition state structures of the ring inversion for ring sizes 8–20 were calculated at the DFT level of theory.
A review of the nutritional guidance for athletes to prevent eating disorders
Authors: Hilling Jonathan Jesse , Robertson Claire 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince the 1980s eating disorders (ED) have gained increasing prevalence, with athletes proving to be at a higher risk compared to non‐athletes. Eating disorders can significantly impact the health and performance of an athlete, however, certain guidelines are in place for prevention, treatment and management. NICE and UK Sport were two guidelines that were identified as being referenced within the UK. This paper aimed to evaluate their utility and establish whether modifications are required to prevent ED within athletic populations. A checklist was created based on peer‐reviewed recommendations and used in conjunction with conceptualised case studies based on information sourced from proposed key informant interviews. Whilst both guidelines are extensive in the identification of symptoms associated with ED, they lack recognised recommended screening methods. Furthermore, although both contain some form of validated treatment, NICE recommends cognitive behavioural therapy despite acknowledging the lack of evidence supporting its beneficial application. In contrast to recommendations regarding physical therapy, NICE also states to avoid certain treatments, such as yoga, despite beneficial evidence of its treatment/rehabilitation for ED. When applied to case studies, both guidelines demonstrated the need for refinement and improvement in recommendations relating to weight loss and screening methods. To form an accurate critique of the guidelines, an assessment of their applicability and suitability in the prevention, treatment and management of ED in a practical sporting environment involving consenting participants is required.
Orthorexia nervosa versus healthy orthorexia: Anxiety, perfectionism, and mindfulness as risk and preventative factors of distress
Authors: Barlow Isabella Uma , Lee Eunro , Saling Lauren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia nervosa is a recently conceptualised pathological entity presenting as an obsessive focus on healthy eating with associated psychosocial impairment.AimsThe present study investigated the differential associations between orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia with distress and impairment.Materials & MethodsWith a community sample (N = 268) multiple measures of orthorexia nervosa and health orthorexia were compared as explanatory variables in mediation structural equation modelling (SEM). Outcome variables assessed and investigated were psychological distress while demographic variables were controlled. The mediating roles of perfectionism and health anxiety on orthorexia nervosa were examined with further preventative mediation role of mindfulness on distress.ResultsDistinctive to other eating disorders, gender showed no significant effects on orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia. Signalling measurement issues for this disorder, the different measures of orthorexia nervosa resulted in mixed findings regarding body mass index and age. Findings supported perfectionism and health anxiety as risk factors, as well as mindfulness acceptance as a preventative factor in both orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia. Orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia assessed by most measures, contrary to the expectations, had significant positive associations with psychological distress indicated by stress, anxiety, and depression.Discussion & ConclusionThe complexity in differentiating orthorexia nervosa from healthy orthorexia calls for further investigation. This research effort should serve to substantiate the status of orthorexia nervosa as a distinct clinical disorder.
Volatility forecasting with an extended GARCH‐MIDAS approach
Authors: Li Xiongying , Ye Cheng , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed , Huang Shuiren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper uses the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity mixing data sampling (GARCH‐MIDAS) model to construct three types of extended models. Geopolitical risk uncertainty is included in the study as an introduced variable, and its impact on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) 50 index volatility is analyzed. The empirical analysis shows that the GARCH‐MIDAS‐RV‐EPU model with China's EPU is the best in predicting the volatility of China's stock market when the information of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk uncertainty (GPR) of other countries are included. When the common information model composed of China's economic policy uncertainty index and geopolitical uncertainty index is used to predict the volatility of the SSE, the model's prediction is better. Finally, when the model confidence set (MCS) and the interval length index that changes the forecast outside the sample are used to retest each conclusion, the results are very robust.
A Bayesian realized threshold measurement GARCH framework for financial tail risk forecasting
Authors: Wang Chao , Gerlach Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an innovative threshold measurement equation to be employed in a Realized‐Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH) framework. The proposed framework incorporates a nonlinear threshold regression specification to consider the leverage effect and model the contemporaneous dependence between the observed realized measure and hidden volatility. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method is adapted and employed for model estimation, with its validity assessed via a simulation study. The validity of incorporating the proposed measurement equation in Realized‐GARCH type models is evaluated via an empirical study, forecasting the 1% and 2.5% Value‐at‐Risk and expected shortfall on six market indices with two different out‐of‐sample sizes. The proposed framework is shown to be capable of producing competitive tail risk forecasting results in comparison with the GARCH and Realized‐GARCH type models.
Recent advances in the treatment and prevention of peripheral neuropathy after multiple myeloma treatment
Authors: Wen Dan , Cao Song , Feng Yonghuai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is increasing year by year, requiring chemotherapy drugs to control the condition. With the advent of new proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies, the prognosis of patients has improved significantly. However, peripheral neuropathy caused by drugs limits the dose and duration of treatment, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and treatment outcome. Although the neuropathies induced by chemotherapy drugs have attracted much attention, their mechanism and effective prevention and treatment measures are not clear. Therefore, how to alleviate peripheral neuropathy caused by drugs for treatment of MM is a key issue in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging their survival time, which have some clinical value. In this paper, we review the current research on the pathogenesis, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment, and prevention, which expects to present instruction for peripheral neuropathy after treatment of MM.
An empirical analysis of US land‐use change under multiple climate change scenarios
Authors: Mihiar Christopher M. , Lewis David J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study empirically estimates the effects of climate on land‐use change across the conterminous United States and uses the empirical model to simulate the effects of a range of future climate change scenarios on the allocation of land to forestry, agriculture, and development. Ricardian estimation linking climate with the net returns to land production is integrated with a discrete‐choice estimation of plot‐level land‐use change. Comparing projected land‐use changes across scenarios, we find that drier and warmer climate scenarios favor forest land, wetter and cooler climate scenarios favor developed land, and wetter and warmer climate scenarios favor crop lands.
P7C3 Ameliorates Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation and Promoting Osteogenesis
Authors: Tian Bo , Bai Jinyu , Sheng Lei , Chen Hao , Chang Wenju , Zhang Yue , Yao Chenlu , Zhou Chenmeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Shan Huajian , Dong Qirong , Wang Chao , Zhou Xiaozhong 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBone homeostasis, the equilibrium between bone resorption and formation, is essential for maintaining healthy bone tissue in adult humans. Disruptions of this process can lead to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis. Dual‐targeted agents, capable of inhibiting excessive bone resorption and stimulating bone formation, are being explored as a promising strategy for developing new treatments to address osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of P7C3 on bone remodeling and its potential therapeutic role in osteoporosis treatment in mice. Specifically, P7C3 can remarkably suppress receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages via the Akt‐NF‐κB‐NFATc1 signaling pathway. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that P7C3 promoted osteoblast differentiation and function through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, thereby enhancing bone formation. Furthermore, μCT analysis and histological examination of bone tissues from P7C3‐treated mice showed attenuation of both Ti‐induced bone erosion and ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone loss. These findings suggest that P7C3 may have a novel function in bone remodeling and may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.