bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Socio-demographic Factors on Perception of Midline Diastema
Authors: Akinboboye B.O. , Ehizele A.O. , Esan T. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Socio-demographic factors have been said to affect the perception of midline diastema. Aesthetic importance of maxillary midline diastema varies in individuals and there is no common consensus on the registration of diameter of maxillary midline diastema. The aim of the study was therefore to determine the acceptable width of diastema among a group of Nigerian subjects and the effect of their socio-demographic factors on the perception of midline diastema.
Method: Subjects aged 19-45 yrs were recruited from the 6 geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The questionnaire sought for information such as age, gender, profession, presence of midline diastema and created diastema. The questionnaire included a coloured smile photograph with digitally altered varying sizes of diastema (2mm - 6mm). Subject rated the different coloured photographs using the rating scale (very attractive =1, attractive =2, accepted =3, unattractive =4, and very unattractive =5). Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (SPPS Inc, Chicago IL).
Result: A total of 374 participants aged 19 – 45 years was involved in this study. Majority (52.1%) were females and mean age was 37.07+/-0.63 years. Only 30.2% had midline diastema out of which 12% was artificially created. Majority (86.7%) of the created diastema was done by the dentist. Age (p=0.024) and level of education (p=0.017) had a significant relationship with perception of midline diastema. Older subjects and those with lower educational level considered midline diastema a sign of beauty. Majority of the participants perceived the 2-4mm midline diastema attractive and 5-7mm midline diastema unattractive.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that a relationship exists between age and perception of midline diastema. The acceptable width of the midline diastema in this study is 2mm-4mm.
Smoker's melanosis or early melanoma- misdiagnosis trap?
Authors: Nwhator S.O. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: First used by Hedin in 1977, “smokers' melanosis” is currently recognized as a clinical diagnosis without recourse to biopsy. Current research findings however suggest the disturbing possibility of mistaking a “silent” oral malignant melanoma for a benign smokers' melanosis. The objective of the current review is to stimulate an evidence-based rethink.Method: This manuscript is based on a Pubmed search phrase “smokers' melanosis".Result: A total of 24 studies resulted of which 16 were analyzed and 8 non-oral melanomas were excluded. Reports ranged from claims of a “protective” role of melanosis to cases of melanoma from pre-existing melanosis. Alcohol synergistic potentiation of intra-oral melanosis and a categorization of smokers' melanoma as a differential for intra-oral smokers' melanosis were also found.Conclusion: Since many cases of confirmed intra-oral malignant melanomas were preceded with a history of pre-existing “innocent” oral pigmented lesions, adopting a principle of universal biopsy is strongly suggested. This would change this age-long paradigm but would definitely save a few lives.
Dentigerous cyst associated with a supernumerary tooth in the maxillary incisal region – a case report
Authors: Erinoso O.A. , Fadeyibi S.O. , Gbotolorun M.O. , Adeyemi M.O. 
Published: August 2023

Dentigerous cysts are defined as developmental odontogenic cysts, which surround the crown of an impacted tooth. It is caused by fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and the enamel surface, resulting in a cyst with the tooth crown located within the lumen. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features and the behaviour of dentigerous cyst. It also presents a case of a slow growing, painless swelling in the maxillary incisal region of 3 years duration. Detailed clinical, radiological and histopathological investigations aided the definitive diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. The cystic mass was enucleated with the impacted tooth in situ under local anesthesia. The operative site healed uneventfully and a removable partial denture was fabricated to improve aesthetics, speech and masticatory function.
An Audit of the Histopathological Pattern of Ameloblastoma in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Sule A.A. , Iyogun C.A. , Adeyemi T.E. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To describe the spectrum, frequency, age and sex distribution of ameloblastomas seen in Kano, as well as compare the findings with previous studies done in Nigeria, Africa and other parts of the world.
Materials and Methods: This was a 5 year retrospective study from 2nd January, 2010 to 31st December, 2014 of all ameloblastomas diagnosed at the pathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Results: Sixty four cases of ameloblastomas were diagnosed during the five year study period with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The ages ranged from 16 to 75 years (mean age of 33.4) and relative peak age of incidence occurred in the 40 - 49 years group. Solid/Multicystic type accounted for majority (57 cases, 89.1%) of ameloblastomas followed by unicystic variant (5 cases,7.8%), while the desmoplastic and peripheral variants comprising the remaining 2 cases (3.1%). The mandible was the commonest site of involvement accounting for 57cases(89.1%), while maxilla and alveolar mucosa accounted for 6 cases (9.4%) and 1case (1.6%) respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that ameloblastoma has significant male predilection and affecting predominantly patients in the third to fifth decades. It revealed a higher incidence of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas over unicystic variants. The demographic and histological features are similar to reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere.
Oral self-care practices and attendance pattern at a secondary care facility in Lagos State
Authors: Nwabudike V.I. , Ijarogbe O.A. , Oyapero A. , Enone L.L. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, oropharyngeal cancers, and maxillofacial trauma are public health problems in both developed and developing countries. In spite of advances in dentistry over the last few decades, a large part of the population put off seeking dental care until they experience significant pain and discomfort. The aim of this study was to determine the self-care behaviours of patients before presenting in the dental clinic the pattern of dental care utilisation and its association with their socio-demographic characteristics.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ajeromi General Hospital, Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 212 questionnaires was administered on respondents who met the set inclusion criteria. Information obtained included socio-demographic data, current oral health problems, oral self-care practices in the previous year and the reasons for avoidance of dental treatment.Result: Most of the study participants (58.5%) had never visited the dentist before and the majority of them (72.2%) were involved in self-care practices. The major reasons given by the subjects for not attending dental clinics regularly were the fear of dentists or dental treatment (34.9%), high cost of treatment (34.9%), difficulty in accessing a dental clinic (17.0%) and tolerable pain (7.5%). The age, marital status, educational level, alcohol intake and tobacco use were factors that were significantly associated with delayed visit to dentist in this study. Respondents that were <30 years old, single, with primary or secondary level education and those that smoke and consume alcohol were less likely to visit the dentist.Conclusion: There is an urgent need to empower dental patients to overcome the barriers that are responsible for their avoidance of dental clinics and their recourse to self-care practices.
The Coronal Flap in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery – A Case Report
Authors: Oyeneyin A.O. , Bankole O. , Asha M. , Amoo A.T. , Anorue E.I. , Olojede C.O. , Arotiba G.T. 
Published: August 2023

The coronal scalp flap is a versatile and aesthetically pleasing approach for access to the cranial vault, cranial base, forehead, nose, upper and middle third of the face, and orbits. In spite of its extensive nature, it is associated with few complications when properly planned. Despite, its versatility of the coronal flap, its use by oral and maxillofacial surgeons is limited especially in Nigeria. A case of surgical remodeling of fibrous dysplasia of the right supra orbital bone region using coronal approach is reported. This article highlighted surgical technique of coronal flap and indications for the use of coronal flap in maxillofacial surgery. Similarly, possible complications of the procedure, prevention and management of such complications were also emphasised. Additionally, it is meant to serve as a guide to young practising surgeons in Nigeria. It is our hope that this will embolden young surgeons in Nigeria to employ its use when indicated.
Oral Health-Related Awareness, Practices (Attitude) and Determination of the Level of Awareness of Periodontal Disease Risk among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Onigbinde O.O. , Dosumu E.B. , Oyapero A.A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: A comprehensive knowledge about the mutual influence between diabetes and periodontitis is decisive for the successful treatment of both diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the level of awareness of the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis among the diabetic patients.Material and Methods: This survey was conducted among one hundred and fifty two diabetic patients who were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Participants completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire each after obtaining institutional ethical approval. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were used for demographic variables and chi squared test was used when comparing categorical data. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05.Results: The knowledge of diabetes on their increased risk for oral diseases was low. Only 49.8% of the sample population knew about the mutual relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. Their attitude towards maintaining good oral health was also not up to the desired standard. Among the participants, only 63.2%, 11.8% and 15.8% brushed their teeth once daily, used dental floss regularly and visited the dentist once yearly respectively.Conclusion: There is an insufficient knowledge among the study group about the mutual relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. This lack of knowledge emphasized the need for more information about oral health care in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Implications to the Field and Practice of Oral Pathology
Authors: Omitola O.G. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To highlight the implications of COVID -19 disease to the field and practice of Oral Pathology.Materials and Methods: Extensive PubMed and Google Scholar search using relevant mesh terms for articles on the effects of COVID-19 on the practice of Oral Pathology. The relevant articles were thereafter reviewed, and the implications drawn.Results: The virus which is usually transmitted via droplet can survive for days on some materials which are commonly used in the laboratory; thereby constituting a potential source of infection to laboratory workers. In addition, the presence of the viral receptors in the oral mucosa has been established and so presenting the mouth as a possible route of entry. Viral particles are also shed heavily in the saliva. These observations have dual implications. First, it poses increased risk to the oral pathologists in handling oral tissue biopsy and secondly, it potentially makes the saliva an alternative medium of diagnosis. Furthermore, oral exfoliative cytology can be developed for viral detection especially in asymptomatic patients.Conclusion: Maintenance of social distance while attending to patients in the laboratory, regular disinfectant of the working surfaces and careful handling of tissue specimens are essential for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in the laboratory. Research works in the use of saliva and oral exfoliative cytology for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients should be a new area of interest to the oral pathologists.
The Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Its Correlates with Clinical Practice among Nigerian Dentists
Authors: Aladelusi T.O. , Adeyemo Y.I. , Atiba F.A. , Gbadebo S.O. , Olusanya A.A. , Akadiri O.A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was not without its consequences like fear and effect on the economy and health care systems, with dentists being at a high risk of contracting the infection.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the fear and risk of contracting the disease among Nigerian dentists. It also assessed a self-reported economic impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 disease on dental practices in Nigeria.
Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigerian dentists. The survey link was forwarded on social media platforms of Nigerian dentists. The questionnaire inquired about fear/anxiety, self-reported effect on clinic income, adequacy of knowledge on COVID-19, and use of N95 facemask, among others. The statistical level was set at 5%.
Results: A total of 314 dentists (184 males and 130 females) within the age range of 22 to 63 years responded. The majority (214; 68.2%), were confident about their knowledge of the COVID-19 disease. Almost all the participants (298; 94.9%) entertained fears of contracting the disease through practice and transmission to family members, while 54.1% strongly agreed that theN95 mask should be worn routinely. However, all (100.0%) reported an economic impact of the pandemic on dental practice.
Conclusion: The fear of contracting COVID-19 infection was high among dentists. Therefore, adequate and regular use of protective and preventive measures such as N95 face mask should be a priority among dentists. Attention should be paid to constant medical evaluation to those at risk.
Post-COVID Reflections and Practice from the Oral Surgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Bamgbose Babatunde , Yahaya A 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Globally, the post-COVID era has afforded practitioners the opportunity to evaluate the quality assurance measures for continued safe service delivery. The preventive measures against COVID-19 have been relaxed and most intense care units and hospital bed spaces dedicated to the management of COVID-19 cases have been relaxed or, in some places, closed.
Methods
The study was conceptualized as a narrative review of focal literature that focused on the COVID-19 and its impact on the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. The study built a synthesis to describe the post-COVID era and the reflections on dental practice and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Literature searches were carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar with no search filters, using Boolean Logic ‘‘AND’’ and ‘‘OR.’’ Searches of the literature cited by eligible studies were also performed.
Expert opinion
There is the assumption that all trainers and trainees have been vaccinated and less at risk of contracting COVID-19 and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical training has returned to the pre-COVID approach where physical contact and bedside teachings are no longer restricted. All specialties of dentistry conduct training programs with minimal restrictions on physical contact and one-one interactions between trainers and trainees.
Keywords: Coronavirus, WHO, Aerosols, Patient services, Training, Post-COVID
New Public Health Approach to Oral Health Care Accessibility in a Pandemic
Authors: Florence Oladimeji 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Poor access to oral healthcare has continually been a major setback to achieving universal oral healthcare. And this is more important in low-to-medium-income communities where a significant portion of the populations cannot afford oral treatments. This situation has contributed to the increased prevalence of oral health diseases. Historically, pandemics have been known to cause a further reduction in access to healthcare with the resultant effects of a burgeoning burden of oral diseases. This review article aims at describing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on access to population-based dental care and to suggest a new approach to mitigating the effects of lockdown, which practically hinders populations’ access to care during pandemics. These are with a view to improving pandemic preparedness and enhancing population access to oral healthcare in times of restrictions.
Areas covered
This is a review article that focused on COVID-19 pandemic and how it impacted access to oral healthcare. The article also highlighted the new approaches that could be adopted to consistently make oral healthcare obtainable by all despite physical restrictions. Literature searches of key terms were carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar.
Expert opinion
So much has been known about the impact of reduced access to oral healthcare. However, ideas on service modification and/or adoption of new methods of improving population-based access to oral care, especially during periods of global health crises have not been proposed.
Keywords: Access to oral health, Community dentistry, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Dental public health practice, Oral health, Oral health promotion, Population oral health, Universal oral health care
DENTIST IN LEADERSHIP POSITION AS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF A LEADING TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA.
Authors: Odukoya Onatolu 
Published: August 2023

This article was written with the aim of sharing the experience of the author as a dentist who served as a Chief Medical Director of Lagos University Teaching Hospital for a total of 8 years from 1998 to 2006. The authors discussed circumstances that led to his emergence as Chief Medical Director, the challenges he faced on the job, the significant achievements he made and his final exit from the job. It is hoped that every dentist that reads this article will have confidence to aspire for the job.
The author concluded that on the basis of his experience, there should be increased participation of the private sector in funding and managing tertiary health institutions in Nigeria.
ESTIMATION OF THE PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX-PERCENTILE ON SKELETAL MATURATION IN A NIGERIAN POPULATION.
Authors: Aghimien Osaronse , Aghimien-Osaronse Osasumwen 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To determine the predicting the effect of BMI-index percentile on the skeletal maturation of Nigerian children.
Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.
Setting: This study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in North-Central Nigeria.
Participants: Children between the ages of 5-17 years consisting of 44 males and 30 females that presented in the Child Dental clinic over a period of eight months were recruited for the study.
Main outcome measured: Skeletal maturation was assessed using the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) while the standard WHO growth chart specific for age (2-20 years) and gender was used for grading BMI-percentile. The unpaired t-test was used to compare mean chronological age of the stages of MP3 according to gender. Multinomial logistic regression used to determine the predictive effect of age, gender and BMI percentile on pubertal growth spurt.
Results: The BMI-percentile had weak correlation with the pubertal growth spurt (r=0.089, p=0.448). Gender (p=0.004) and chronological age had significant (p<0.001) predictive effect on the skeletal maturation. A one-percentile increase in the BMI-percentile decreases the likelihood of healthy children to be in the peak-pubertal by 1.504 when compared to obese children (p=0.305).
Conclusions: This study showed that BMI-percentile is a weak predictor of skeletal maturation. However, obese children had a tendency towards advanced skeletal maturation than healthy participants. It is therefore suggested that orthodontists should consider early implementation of jaw modification treatments among obese children.
Sistem Dropshipping Mu’amalah Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Alfrillianda Aldian , Andriko  
Published: August 2023

Background. Human life today is not far from buying activities, both locally and domestically or internationally, humans practice trade in various ways and models that grow according to the conditions of the times. At first, buying and selling only met with sellers and buyers directly at the store with transaction facilities and products being traded.
Aim. The research is intended to explain the muamalah dropshipping system from the point of view of Islamic economics.
Methods. This research uses library research procedures or library research where the information obtained comes from authoritative sources, such as books and journals that are still relevant to the focus and review of the research.
Results. The results of the research conclude that it is permissible for transactions that continue to grow in the economic process as long as they do not violate and do not conflict with Islamic principles, dropshipping transactions which have now become a citizen's routine can be carried out as long as the perpetrators understand. The transaction method, because the system is vulnerable and leads to the cancellation of the contract, is to sell objects that do not belong to him, and the development of technology greatly affects the growth of pressured fatwas issued. But on many sides, with the legal norms that have been summarized by previous scholars by looking at the equality of the illat law, a quick and appropriate legal answer can be found to determine the law in every legal event for which there are no clear legal requirements in the Qur'an and as - Sunnah.
Percepção, interesse e conhecimento de alunos e docentes de um curso de Odontologia sobre ética na profissão
Authors: SILVA SUELEN HELENA , LEONARDO GUILHERME SIMAO , SARTORI LUIZ ANTONIO 
Published: August 2023

A ética consiste em um conjunto de princípios de ordem valorativa da conduta e do caráter moral de um indivíduo, de um grupo social ou de uma sociedade. Sendo assim, atos considerados éticos refletem padrões de comportamento que ultrapassam as perspectivas pessoais que os indivíduos, em geral, empenham-se em alcançar. A atitude ética também está vinculada às práticas dos profissionais e empresas, sendo por si indispensáveis, uma vez que refletem os compromissos com a sociedade e são por isso valorizados e reconhecidos pelo público. Os conselhos de categorias profissionais aplicam as regras deontológicas, ou seja, as normas de comportamento próprias dos profissionais de determinada área, criadas e inspiradas na ética geral. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Unifenas, e consistiu em um questionário aplicado a professores e alunos matriculados no último semestre do curso de Odontologia, considerando-se neste caso o fato de já terem cursado a disciplina de Odontologia Legal. De 50 alunos convidados a participar, 34 (68%) responderam ao questionário. Entre os docentes, de uma amostra de conveniência de 30 professores de diversas áreas, 26(86,6%) responderam ao questionário. Os resultados apontaram certo grau de desconhecimento dos termos do código de ética da profissão odontológica, tanto pelos acadêmicos como pelos professores, muito embora ambos os grupos considerem importante e fundamental o ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação. Amaioria dos entrevistados conhece as normas legais que regulam a profissão, ou busca se informar sobre ela. No entanto, detalhes relacionados às competências entre Conselho Federal de Odontologia e Sindicato dos Odontologistas ainda carecem de maiores esclarecimentos, tanto ao corpo docente quanto ao discente. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de maior debate sobre a deontologia nas relações interpessoais, nas práticas clínicas e nos dilemas bioéticos, para que se perceba a necessidade de ser eficaz e eficiente, sem nunca se afastar do comportamento ético.