bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromophenoxy Substitution Effect on Thermal and Opto‐Electronic Properties of Triphenylamine‐Based Co‐polyimides
Authors: Khalid Naila , Masood Siddiqi Humaira , Park O. OK. , Ahmed Safeer , Serwar Monazza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study reported the synthesis of a series of 4,4’diamino‐(4’’‐p‐bromophenoxy)triphenylamine diamine 2 based co‐polyimides (Br‐TPA co‐PIs (A−D))obtained via polycondensation of 2 with a series of dianhydrides. The nucleophilic N‐arylation of the 4‐(4‐bromophenoxy)benzenamine followed by catalytic reduction was used to obtain 2. The synthesized Br‐TPA coPIs were characterized by CHN elemental, and FTIR spectral analysis. The optical and redox active properties were examined by the ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) absorption, photoluminescence emission spectral analysis and cyclic voltammetry respectively. From which it is obvious that Br‐TPA coPIs are optical transparent, and deep blue light emissive in the range 465–472 nm with a quantum efficiency of 4.6–7.3 %. The lifetime decay was calculated from the time correlation single photon counting (TCSPC) and found in the range 11.7‐12.9 nS. The evaluation of thermal properties via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed excellent thermal stability of synthesized materials in the range 426–476 °C. The excellent thermal properties, appreciable processability, shallow HOMO levels (−4.70 eV), low onset oxidation (E onset=0.296 V) and long‐lived excited states (12.94 nS decay time) evidently depicted their optoelectronic character, suggesting their use as efficient light emitting layer in light emitting diiodes.
Prospects of Microbial Bio‐surfactants To Endorse Prolonged Conservation in the Pharmaceutical and Agriculture Industries
Authors: Karnwal Arun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChemical surfactants have raised concerns due to their negative impact on ecosystems, prompting the search for eco‐friendly alternatives. Biosurfactants derived from microorganisms offer a promising solution. These biomolecules are less harmful and can replace toxic pesticide surfactants. Biosurfactants have shown potential in agriculture for food digestion, crop protection, soil fertility, disease management, antibacterial properties, and biofilm prevention. They eliminate plant‐pathogens and improve nutrient availability, supporting plant‐growth. Rhamnolipids, produced byPseudomonas, reduce surface tension, are used as wetting agents and emulsifiers in agriculture, and antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory medications. Surfactin, a biosurfactant fromBacillus subtilis, improves plant development, controls plant diseases, and fights pathogens and diseases.Candida bombicolayeast produces sophorolipids, biodegradable surfactants with antibacterial, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory properties.Pseudozymayeast produces mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which biocontrol fungus and have antibacterial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Biosurfactants also hold potential in pharmaceuticals, functioning as antioxidants, exhibiting antibacterial and anticancer activities, and acting as drug‐delivery systems. However, challenges in biosurfactant production include varying research methods, limited production organism sources, and cost implications for large‐scale manufacturing. This mini‐review explores microbiologically produced biosurfactants, their regulatory parameters, their applications in optimizing soil health and controlling plant infections, and their potential roles in the pharmaceutical sector.
Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as EGFR Inhibitors: Design Approaches, Molecular Docking, and Structure‐Activity Relationships
Authors: Pal Rohit , Teli Ghanshyam , Swamy Purawarga Matada Gurubasavaraja , Sanjay Dhiwar Prasad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCancer is a wide collection of diseases and among the numerous pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis, pathway involving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most prominent. EGFR frequently articulated in a variety of cancer such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck cancer. There are different EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved by FDA for the treatment of cancer. However, none of them evidenced as boon to oncological and medical department. Frequently occurrence of inherent and acquired resistance of TKIs as a result of mutations is the principal cause for the current situation. Therefore, researchers are in the desire of evolving the novel EGFR TKIs. Further, N‐heterocyclic ring system always proved to be the magical weapon in designed and discovery of synthetic molecules as they acquired comprehensive range of pharmacological properties. In recent year (2018–2022) N‐heterocyclic derivatives were uncovered as the potential EGFR TKIs. The present review summarised the research progress of EGFR TKIs to dazed the limitations of currently accessible drugs by consecrating, anatomy, mutation of EGFR, and its role in different types of cancer. The review highlights the medicinal chemistry prospective emphasising about the designing strategies, docking studies, biological evaluation, selectivity and structural activity relationship of N‐heterocyclic compounds. Our review will support the medicinal chemists in direction for the development of novel N‐heterocyclic based EGFR TKIs.
A Trojan‐Horse‐Like Biomimetic Nano‐NK to Elicit an Immunostimulatory Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced GBM Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Yining , Wang Xu , Zhou Yi , Qi Ji , Gu Linbo , Zhao Qiu , Yu Rutong , Zhou Xiuping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough the chemo‐ and immuno‐therapies have obtained good responses for several solid tumors, including those with brain metastasis, their clinical efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) is disappointing. The lack of safe and effective delivery systems across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are two main hurdles for GBM therapy. Herein, a Trojan‐horse‐like nanoparticle system is designed, which encapsulates biocompatible PLGA‐coated temozolomide (TMZ) and IL‐15 nanoparticles (NPs) with cRGD‐decorated NK cell membrane (R‐NKm@NP), to elicit the immunostimulatory TME for GBM chemo‐immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the outer NK cell membrane cooperating with cRGD, the R‐NKm@NPs effectively traversed across the BBB and targeted GBM. In addition, the R‐NKm@NPs exhibited good antitumor ability and prolonged the median survival of GBM‐bearing mice. Notably, after R‐NKm@NPs treatment, the locally released TMZ and IL‐15 synergistically stimulated the proliferation and activation of NK cells, leading to the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, eliciting an immunostimulatory TME. Lastly, the R‐NKm@NPs not only effectively prolonged the metabolic cycling time of the drugs in vivo, but also has no noticeable side effects. This study may offer valuable insights for developing biomimetic nanoparticles to potentiate GBM chemo‐ and immuno‐therapies in the future.
Defect‐Mediated Growth of Crystallographic Shear Plane
Authors: Cao Jianyu , Xia Jing , Li Xuanze , Li Yuye , Liu Pei , Tian Lifeng , Qiao Peiyu , Liu Chang , Wang Yifan , Meng Xiangmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs representative extended planar defects, crystallographic shear (CS) planes, namely Wadsley defects, play an important role in modifying the physical and chemical properties of metal oxides. Although these special structures have been intensively investigated for high‐rate anode materials and catalysts, it is still experimentally unclear how the CS planes form and propagate at the atomic scale. Here, the CS plane evolution in monoclinic WO3 is directly imaged via in situ scanning transmission electron microscope. It is found that the CS planes nucleate preferentially at the edge step defects and proceed by the cooperative migration of WO6 octahedrons along particular crystallographic orientations, passing through a series of intermediate states. The local reconstruction of atomic columns tends to form (102) CS planes featured with four edge‐sharing octahedrons in preference to the (103) planes, which matches well with the theoretical calculations. Associated with the structure evolution, the sample undergoes a semiconductor‐to‐metal transition. In addition, the controlled growth of CS planes and V‐shaped CS structures can be achieved by artificial defects for the first time. These findings enable an atomic‐scale understanding of CS structure evolution dynamics.
Thermal Management Enables Stable Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes with Novel Hole Transport Material
Authors: Shen Xinyu , Kwak Seon Lee , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Jang Ji Won , Yu Zhongkai , Ahn Hyungju , Park Hea Jung , Choi Hyosung , Park Sung Heum , Snaith Henry J. , Hwang Do‐Hoon , Lee Bo Ram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe severely insufficient operational lifetime of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is incompatible with the rapidly increasing external quantum efficiency, even as it approaches the theoretical limit, thereby significantly impeding the commercialization of perovskite LEDs. In addition, Joule heating induces ion migration and surface defects, degrades the photoluminescence quantum yield and other optoelectronic properties of perovskite films, and induces the crystallization of charge transport layers with low glass transition temperatures, resulting in LED degradation under continuous operation. Here, a novel thermally crosslinked hole transport material, poly(FCA60‐co‐BFCA20‐co‐VFCA20) (poly‐FBV), with temperature‐dependent hole mobility is designed, which is advantageous for balancing the charge injection of the LEDs and limiting the generation of Joule heating. The optimised CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystal LEDs with poly‐FBV realise approximately a 2‐fold external quantum efficiency increase over the LED with commercial hole transport layer poly(4‐butyl‐phenyl‐diphenyl‐amine) (poly‐TPD), owing to the balanced carrier injection and suppressed exciton quenching. Moreover, because of the Joule heating control provided by the novel crosslinked hole transport material, the LED utilising crosslinked poly‐FBV has a 150‐fold longer operating lifetime (490 min) than that utilizing poly‐TPD (3.3 min). The study opens a new avenue for the use of PNC LEDs in commercial semiconductor optoelectronic devices.
Multi‐Modular Design of Stable Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation Applications
Authors: Chen Yichong , Yang Huajun , Wang Wei , Li Xiangxiang , Wang Yanxiang , Hong Anh N. , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPore space partition (PSP) is an effective materials design method for developing high‐performance small‐pore materials for storage and separation of gas molecules. The continued success of PSP depends on broad availability and judicious choice of pore‐partition ligands and better understanding of each structural module on stability and sorption properties. Here, by using substructural bioisosteric strategy (sub‐BIS), a dramatic expansion of pore‐partitioned materials is targeted by using ditopic dipyridyl ligands with non‐aromatic cores or extenders, as well as by expanding heterometallic clusters to uncommon nickel–vanadium and nickel–indium clusters rarely known before in porous materials. The dual‐module iterative refinement of pore‐partition ligands and trimers leads to remarkable enhancement of chemical stability and porosity. Here a family of 23 pore‐partitioned materials synthesized from five pore‐partition ligands and seven types of trimeric clusters is reported. New materials with such compositionally and structurally diverse framework modules reveal key factors that dictate stability, porosity, and gas separation properties. Among these, materials based on heterometallic vanadium–nickel trimeric clusters give rise to the highest long‐term hydrolytic stability and remarkable uptake capacity for CO2, C2H2/C2H4/C2H6, and C3H6/C3H8 hydrocarbon gases. The breakthrough experiment shows the potential application of new materials for separating gas mixtures such as C2H2/CO2.
Effectiveness of conceptual change strategies in science education: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pacaci Cagatay , Ustun Ulas , Ozdemir Omer Faruk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is extensive literature focusing on students' misconceptions in various subject domains. Several conceptual change approaches have been trying to understand how conceptual change occurs to help learners handle these misconceptions. This meta‐analysis aims to integrate studies investigating the effectiveness of three types of conceptual change strategy: cognitive conflict, cognitive bridging, and ontological category shift in science learning. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis to calculate an overall effect size in Hedges' g with a sample of 218 primary studies, including 18,051 students. Our analyses resulted in a large overall effect size (g = 1.10, 95% CI [1.01, 1.19], k = 218, p < 0.001). We also performed a robust Bayesian meta‐analysis to calculate an adjusted effect size, which specified a large effect (adjusted g = 0.93, 95% CI [0.68, 1.07], k = 218). Results are also consistent across the conceptual change strategies of cognitive conflict (g = 1.10, 95% CI [0.99, 1.21], k = 150, p < 0.001), cognitive bridging (g = 1.06, 95% CI [0.84, 1.28], k = 30, p < 0.001), and ontological category shift (g = 0.88, 95% CI [0.50, 1.26], k = 9, p < 0.001). However, a wide‐ranging prediction interval [0.19, 2.38] points out a high level of heterogeneity in the distribution of effect sizes. Thus, we investigated the moderating effects of several variables using simple and multiple meta‐regression. The final meta‐regression model we created explained 35% of overall heterogeneity. This meta‐analysis provides robust evidence that conceptual change strategies significantly enhance students' learning in science.
Development of fluorescent epoxy composite with carbon‐based nanomaterial additives derived from agricultural waste
Authors: Tewari Chetna , Kim Yebom , Kim Young Nam , Ryu Sooyeon , Jeong Hyun Sung , Jung Yong Chae 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorescent polymers have exciting applications in sensing, imaging, and probes. Agricultural waste is increasingly being used to develop fluorescent nanomaterials due to technology, cost, and waste management advantages. This study developed fluorescent carbon‐based nanomaterials, that is, potassium doped graphene oxide (K‐GO) from Quercus ilex waste and used them to optimize fluorescent epoxy nanocomposites. The resulting nanocomposites showed significant enhancement in tensile strength with only 0.05 wt% of the renewable nanomaterial. The developed fluorescent epoxy nanocomposites have enhanced thermal and mechanical properties and can be used in sensing, imaging, and other applications.Highlights
A greener and easier approach to synthesizing K‐GO from Quercus ilex seeds.
Development of fluorescent epoxy composites with K‐GO.
Tensile strength is enhanced by adding only 0.05 wt% K‐GO.
Thermal stability was improved by adding K‐GO.
Developed composites can be applied to sensing and UV‐shielding in the future.
Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/secondary collagen fiber gel membrane with excellent mechanical property
Authors: Wang Yunjia , Chen Qifeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reuse of leather waste is a global challenge because of the increase of leather products. In this paper, collagen fiber (CF) was extracted from leather waste and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel membranes containing CF with high mechanical property are fabricated by freeze–thaw method. Results shows that the composite gel membrane maintains the helical structure of CF. The tensile strength of the PVA/3CF‐FW increases to 58.5 MPa, while its elongation at break increases to 365%. The swelling ratio increases with the addition of CF, and the PVA/7CF composite gel membrane has the highest swelling ratio, which is 11.65. However, the crystallinity reduced with the addition of CF. Compared to the pure 24PVA gel membrane and the PVA/GA gel membrane, the PVA/CF composite gel membrane prepared by freeze–thaw method has a better mechanical property.Highlights
Taking leather waste as raw material to extract collagen fiber.
The gel membranes containing collagen fiber have hardly been reported.
The gel membranes show good swelling ratio and mechanical properties.
A survey on artificial intelligence in pulmonary imaging
Authors: Saha Punam K. , Nadeem Syed Ahmed , Comellas Alejandro P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, deep learning (DL) has contributed to a paradigm shift in computer vision and image recognition creating widespread opportunities of using artificial intelligence in research as well as industrial applications. DL has been extensively studied in medical imaging applications, including those related to pulmonary diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia, and, more recently, COVID‐19 are common lung diseases affecting nearly 7.4% of world population. Pulmonary imaging has been widely investigated toward improving our understanding of disease etiologies and early diagnosis and assessment of disease progression and clinical outcomes. DL has been broadly applied to solve various pulmonary image processing challenges including classification, recognition, registration, and segmentation. This article presents a survey of pulmonary diseases, roles of imaging in translational and clinical pulmonary research, and applications of different DL architectures and methods in pulmonary imaging with emphasis on DL‐based segmentation of major pulmonary anatomies such as lung volumes, lung lobes, pulmonary vessels, and airways as well as thoracic musculoskeletal anatomies related to pulmonary diseases.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Health CareTechnologies > Artificial IntelligenceTechnologies > Computational IntelligenceApplication Areas > Science and Technology
Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Starbuck Craig 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter covers dimension reduction techniques that have utility in exploring and confirming the factor structure of psychological instrumentation; techniques include exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and principal components analysis (PCA). K-means and hierarchical clustering methods are examined for surfacing patterns and insights in unsupervised settings in which there is no outcome variable.
Responsives Schulleitungshandeln in sich wandelnden institutionellen Umwelten
Authors: Jesacher-Rößler Livia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungWie kommen institutionelle Vorstellungen in die Schule, wie reagieren Schulleiter/-innen auf Ansprüche und wie vollzieht sich dadurch in weitestem Sinne organisationaler Wandel? Diese Fragen sind zentrale Themen des dritten Kapitels. Um sie im Detail zu behandeln, knüpfen die Ausführungen an die bereits in Kapitel 2 diskutierten Theorienansätze an. Im Kapitel werden Konzepte zu institutionellem Wandel und die Verarbeitung von institutionellen Vorstellungen in konkrete Handlungen diskutiert.
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Luig Christina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZentrales Anliegen der Arbeit war es, die schulinspektionsbezogene Handlungskoordination der Akteure Schulleitung, Qualitätsanalyse, Schulaufsicht und staatlicher Schulentwicklungsberatung bei der Qualitätsanalyse an Grundschulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen empirisch zu untersuchen. Die Studie wurde dabei von drei Forschungsfragen geleitet, die sich a) auf die Ausgestaltung des Zusammenwirkens bei der Qualitätsanalyse, b) die subjektiven Vorstellungen der Akteure, die diesem Handeln zugrunde liegen, und c) auf Vorschläge für eine Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens bezogen. Zentrale Ergebnisse werden nun zusammengefasst und anschließend unter Rückgriff auf die in Kapitel 8 herausgearbeiteten Interpretationlinien und die diskutierten weiterführenden Überlegungen problematisiert.
Theoretisch-konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Forschungsansatz
Authors: Luig Christina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden zentrale Aspekte Neuer Schulsystemsteuerung und ihre Folgen für Schule und Schulaufsicht in Deutschland erläutert. Hieran anknüpfend wird die Educational Governance als Forschungsperspektive expliziert. Anschließend rückt dann die Schulinspektion in den Fokus der Betrachtung, indem die Programmatik und Anlage beschrieben wird und eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme zu den Inspektionsverfahren der deutschen Bundesländer erfolgt.
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Luig Christina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden unter Rekurs auf die Forschungsfragen und das Forschungsinteresse die Datenerhebung und -analyse vorgestellt, begründet und reflektiert. Ausgehend von der hier eingenommenen analytischen Governanceperspektive und der angestrebten mehrperspektivischen Untersuchung werden methodische Zugriffsweisen eruiert, um sodann die Entscheidung für ein qualitatives Vorgehen mittels Interviews zu begründen. Anschließend wird herausgearbeitet, welchen Beitrag die leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen leisten.
Diskussion und Interpretation der Ergebnisse
Authors: Luig Christina 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung In diesem Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unter Rückgriff auf theoretische Grundlagen in eine Interpretationslinie gebracht und vor dem Hintergrund bisheriger Forschung diskutiert. Auf Basis des analysierten Materials wird zunächst Grundsätzliches zur Konstitution der Akteurskonstellation herausgestellt bevor zwei wesentliche Leitfiguren aufgeschlüsselt werden, welche die Handlungslogik der Akteure leiten. Daraufhin werden einzelne Handlungspraktiken verdichtet beschrieben und diskutiert, wie sie sich in die basalen Formen der Handlungskoordination einfügen und anhand herausgearbeiteter Handlungslogiken oder Rollenkonflikte plausibiliseren lassen. Aufbauend auf den dargelegten Vorschlägen der Akteure werden abschließend weiterführende Überlegungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Qualitätsanalyse angestellt.
Reflexion des methodischen Vorgehens
Authors: Luig Christina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Reflexion des methodischen Vorgehens erfolgt dreigeteilt. Zunächst wird die Erhebungsmethode, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Datengewinnung kritisch beleuchtet und anschließend die angewandte Auswertungsmethodik reflektiert. Sodann wird das Vorgehen zusammenfassend und in Bezug auf Qualitätskriterien qualitativer Sozialforschung betrachtet, wobei auch auf die Aussagekraft und Reichweite der Ergebnisse dieser Studie eingegangen wird.
Holographic complexity of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity from Karch-Randall braneworld
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Bhattacharyya Arpan , Patra Ayan K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recently, it has been argued in [1] that Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity can be naturally realized in the Karch-Randall braneworld in (2 + 1) dimensions. Using the ‘complexity=volume’ proposal, we studied this model and computed the holographic complexity of the JT gravity from the bulk perspective. We find that the complexity grows linearly with boundary time at late times, and the leading order contribution is proportional to the φ0, similar to the answer found in [2]. However, in addition, we find subleading corrections to the complexity solely arising from the fluctuations of these Karch-Randall branes.