bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term nutrient load reductions and increasing lake TN : TP stoichiometry decrease phytoplankton biomass and diversity in a large shallow lake
Authors: Frenken Thijs , Brandenburg Karen M. , Van de Waal Dedmer B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNutrient loading of freshwater and marine habitats has increased during the last century as a result of anthropogenic activities. From the 1980s onwards, following implementation of new policy targeting eutrophication, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) loads were reduced in many European waters. Often, however, decreases in TP were stronger as compared to TN, leading to increased TN : TP ratios. Our analysis shows that the large and shallow lake IJsselmeer (the Netherlands) experienced a similar trend, whereas TN was reduced by 50%, TP was reduced by 89% between 1975 and 2018. Most of this nutrient load reduction was achieved before the year 2000, changes in nutrient concentrations in the lake became smaller afterwards, especially for TN, leading to a further increase in stoichiometric imbalance up to a yearly averaged TN : TP (molar) of 296 in 2018. The observed changes in nutrients were accompanied by a decline in total phytoplankton biomass, and slight declines in phytoplankton genus evenness and diversity. Although biomass decreases likely resulted from the overall decrease in nutrient availabilities, the reduced diversity may have resulted from the shift toward very high TN : TP ratios that indicate relatively low TP levels and enhanced competition for phosphorus. Overall, our findings demonstrate long‐term trends with decreased phytoplankton biomass and diversity following reduced nutrient concentrations and enhanced stoichiometric imbalance. Ultimately, such changes at the food web base may alter the structure and functioning of the entire aquatic food‐ web in lake IJsselmeer.
Split‐face study to evaluate efficacy of global cryomodulation for reduction of pain and inflammation after nonablative fractional resurfacing
Authors: Murray Taryn N. , Darji Kavita , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesCryomodulation, or the delivery of controlled cooling to downregulate inflammatory processes in the skin, has been proposed to mitigate acute side effects following various dermatologic treatments. A new controlled cooling device has been developed to deliver cryomodulation for a range of different indications. In this clinical study, we evaluate the device for the reduction of pain, erythema, and edema following nonablative fractional resurfacing (NAFR).MethodsA single‐blind, prospective, randomized, split‐face study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the controlled dermal cooling device for the reduction of pain, edema, and erythema following nonablative fractional resurfacing with the dual 1550 nm erbium‐doped fiber and 1927 nm thulium fiber laser. Subjects were randomized to receive a 10‐min controlled cooling treatment to either the left or right side of the face immediately following full face NAFR. Pain ratings were recorded immediately postlaser treatment and immediately postcryomodulation treatment. At follow‐up, subjects were surveyed for reduction of side effects and treatment satisfaction. Blinded review of photographs by two physicians was conducted to assess efficacy.ResultsThe average pain score for subjects immediately post‐NAFR was 5.15. Following cryomodulation, the average pain score on the treatment side was reduced by 69%, to an average of 1.6. The untreated side of the face was reduced by 19%, to an average of 4.2. Overall, 90% of subjects endorsed reduced discomfort. At follow‐up, 70% of subjects reported a noticeable improvement in edema and 50% reported a noticeable improvement in erythema between the treatment and control sides. The average subject satisfaction score for the cryomodulation treatment was 4.2. All subjects (100%) indicated that they would elect to undergo the cryomodulation treatment again. Both blinded physician reviewers were successful in identifying the cryomodulation‐treated side of the face in 70% of subjects' posttreatment photographs.ConclusionsThe results of this split‐face study support the efficacy of a global cryomodulation device for the reduction of pain, edema, and erythema following NAFR treatment. Cryomodulation was delivered in a simple 10 min procedure and yielded high patient satisfaction.
One‐Step Polymerizations Enable Facile Construction and Structural Optimization of Graft Copolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Guo Kairui , Li Shaoqiao , Shi Zhen , Zhou Xingping , Xue Zhigang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is limited by the semi‐crystalline nature of PEO and the extremely strong EO‐Li+ interactions. To promote the rapid migration of Li+, a one‐step method combining radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization catalyzed simultaneously by lithium carboxylate is proposed to construct multi‐component graft copolymer electrolytes (GCPEs) in this study. Tailored macroinitiator with catalytic and initiated sites (PAALi(OH‐Br)) realizes one‐step polymerizations of vinyl monomers and cyclic monomers, and provides GCPEs with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) side chains. The grafted structure of GCPE greatly facilitates the intra‐chain hopping of Li+, resulting in excellent ionic conductivity. The introduction of PCL further improves the tLi+ of GCPE. The three‐component graft copolymer electrolyte constructed by polystyrene (PS), PEO, and PCL exhibits high tensile stress (1.62 MPa), a high ionic conductivity (2.4 × 10−5 S cm−1, 30 °C), and a high tLi+ of 0.47 and high electrochemical stability.
Surgical lymphedema models in the mice hindlimb—A systematic review and quality assessment
Authors: Bucan Amar , Frendø Martin , Ngo Mikaella Ty , Sørensen Jens Ahm , Hölmich Lisbet Rosenkrantz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLymphedema constitutes a major unsolved problem in plastic surgery. To identify novel lymphedema treatments, preclinical studies are vital. The surgical mouse lymphedema model is popular and cost‐effective; nonetheless, a synthesis and overview of the literature with evidence‐based guidelines is needed. The aim of this review was to perform a systematic review to establish best practice and support future high‐quality animal studies exploring lymphedema treatments.MethodsWe performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) from inception–September 2022. The Animals in Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments 2.0 (ARRIVE 2.0) guidelines were used to evaluate reporting quality. Studies claiming to surgically induce lymphedema in the hindlimb of mice were included.ResultsThirty‐seven studies were included. Four main models were used. (1) Irradiation+surgery. (2) A variation of the surgery used by (1) + irradiation. (3) Surgery only (SPDF‐model). (4) Surgery only (PLND‐model). Remaining studies used other techniques. The most common measurement modality was the caliper. Mean quality coefficient was 0.57. Eighteen studies (49%) successfully induced sustained lymphedema. Combination of methods seemed to yield the best results, with an overrepresentation of irradiation, the removal of two lymph nodes, and the disruption of both the deep and superficial lymph vessels in the 18 studies.ConclusionSurgical mouse hindlimb lymphedema models are challenged by two related problems: (1) retaining lymphedema for an extended period, that is, establishing a (chronic) lymphedema model (2) distinguishing lymphedema from post‐operative edema.Most studies failed to induce lymphedema and used error‐prone measurements. We provide an overview of studies claiming to induce lymphedema and advocate improved research via five evidence‐based recommendations to use: (1) a proven lymphedema model; (2) sufficient follow‐up time, (3) validated measurement methods; (4) ARRIVE‐guidelines; (5) contralateral hindlimb as control.
A high linearity 0.05–7 GHz digital step attenuator with the capacitive compensation for bonding wires parasitic parameters
Authors: Fu Haipeng , Tao Jiqing , Hu Jianquan , Wang Keping , Ma Kaixue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband, high linearity 7‐bit digital step attenuator (DSA) using a low‐cost bonding wire package. Capacitive compensation technique is proposed to offset the deterioration of attenuation accuracy and operating bandwidth caused by the parasitic parameters of the bonding wire and switching transistors. And the negative voltage bias technique (NVBT) is proposed to improve the linearity of the DSA. Based on the capacitive compensation technique and the NVBT, a 7‐bit DSA is implemented using a 0.13 µm Silicon‐On‐Insulator (SOI) process with a low‐cost bonding wire package. The DSA achieves broadband operation with an insertion loss (IL) of 2.7 dB at 7 GHz and root mean square (RMS) amplitude error less than 0.5 dB at DC‐7 GHz. The input P1 dB of all states is better than 31.7 dBm.
A quantitative CBCT pipeline based on 2D antiscatter grid and grid‐based scatter sampling for image‐guided radiation therapy
Authors: Bayat Farhang , Ruan Dan , Miften Moyed , Altunbas Cem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative accuracy is critical for expanding the role of cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging from target localization to quantitative treatment monitoring and plan adaptations in radiation therapy. Despite advances in CBCT image quality improvement methods, quantitative accuracy gap between CBCT and multi‐detector CT (MDCT) remains.PurposeIn this work, a physics‐driven approach was investigated that combined robust scatter rejection, raw data correction and iterative image reconstruction to further improve CBCT image quality and quantitative accuracy, referred to as quantitative CBCT (qCBCT).MethodsQCBCT approach includes tungsten 2D antiscatter grid hardware, residual scatter correction with grid‐based scatter sampling, image lag, and beam hardening correction for offset detector geometry linac‐mounted CBCT. Images were reconstructed with iterative image reconstruction to reduce image noise. qCBCT was evaluated using a variety of phantoms to investigate the effect of object size and its composition on image quality, and image quality was benchmarked against clinical CBCT and gold standard MDCT images used for treatment planning.ResultsQCBCT provided statistically significant improvement in CT number accuracy and reduced image artifacts when compared to clinical CBCT images. When compared to gold standard MDCT, mean HU errors in qCBCT and clinical CBCT were 17 ± 9 and 38 ± 29 HU, respectively. Magnitude of phantom size dependent HU variations were comparable between MDCT and qCBCT images. With iterative reconstruction, contrast‐to‐noise ratio improved by 25% when compared to clinical CBCT protocols.ConclusionsCombination of novel scatter suppression techniques and other data correction methods in qCBCT provided CT number accuracy comparable to gold standard MDCT used for treatment planning. This approach may potentially improve CBCT's promise in fulfilling the tasks that demand high quantitative accuracy, such as online dose calculations and treatment response assessment, in image guided radiation therapy.
Blood–brain barrier water exchange measurements using contrast‐enhanced ASL
Authors: Powell Elizabeth , Dickie Ben R. , Ohene Yolanda , Maskery Mark , Parker Geoff J. M. , Parkes Laura M. 
Published: September 2023

A technique for quantifying regional blood–brain barrier (BBB) water exchange rates using contrast‐enhanced arterial spin labelling (CE‐ASL) is presented and evaluated in simulations and in vivo. The two‐compartment ASL model describes the water exchange rate from blood to tissue,
, but to estimate
in practice it is necessary to separate the intra‐ and extravascular signals. This is challenging in standard ASL data owing to the small difference in
values. Here, a gadolinium‐based contrast agent is used to increase this
difference and enable the signal components to be disentangled. The optimal post‐contrast blood
(
) at 3 T was determined in a sensitivity analysis, and the accuracy and precision of the method quantified using Monte Carlo simulations. Proof‐of‐concept data were acquired in six healthy volunteers (five female, age range 24–46 years). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal
at 3 T as 0.8 s. Simulations showed that
could be estimated in individual cortical regions with a relative error
% and coefficient of variation
%; however, a high dependence on blood
was also observed. In volunteer data, mean parameter values in grey matter were: arterial transit time
s, cerebral blood flow
mL blood/min/100 mL tissue and water exchange rate
s−1. CE‐ASL can provide regional BBB water exchange rate estimates; however, the clinical utility of the technique is dependent on the achievable accuracy of measured
values.
Characterizing burnout and resilience among nurses: A latent profile analysis of emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery
Authors: Rink Lesley C. , Silva Susan G. , Adair Kathryn C. , Oyesanya Tolu O. , Humphreys Janice C. , Sexton John Bryan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify subgroups of nurses with distinct profiles of burnout (emotional exhaustion) and resilience (emotional thriving and emotional recovery) and describe nurse characteristics associated with each profile.DesignCross‐sectional, correlational design.MethodsData were collected via electronic survey from 2018 to 2019. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of nurses with distinct profiles of emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery, with each measured on a 0–100 scale. Bivariate statistics were used to determine profile differences in nurse sociodemographic, professional and psychological characteristics.ResultsFour distinct profile subgroups were identified: (1) “exhausted” (14% with very high emotional exhaustion, low emotional thriving and moderate emotional recovery), (2) “exhausted with thriving” (6% with high emotional exhaustion, moderate‐high emotional thriving and low emotional recovery), (3) “exhausted with thriving and recovery” (52% with moderate‐high emotional exhaustion, emotional thriving and emotional recovery), and (4) “thriving and recovery” (27% with low emotional exhaustion and very high emotional thriving and emotional recovery). Nurses in the “exhausted” and “exhausted with thriving” profiles reported greater depression and poorer work‐life integration. Nurses in “exhausted” profile were more likely to work in an inpatient setting. Nurses in the “exhausted with thriving and recovery” and “thriving and recovery” profiles reported more positive emotions, more well‐being behaviours, and better work‐life integration, with the “thriving and recovery” subgroup having the highest levels of these characteristics, lower depression scores and greater racial minority representation.ConclusionApproaches designed to improve nurse well‐being should be tailored to the nurses' profile of emotional exhaustion, thriving and recovery to maximize effectiveness.ImpactGiven the growing shortage of nurses in healthcare systems, it is critical that multilevel strategies be investigated to retain nursing staff that consider the intersectionality and complexity of the different aspects of burnout and resilience experienced by the nurse.No Patient or Public ContributionThe aim was to assess burnout and resilience among nurses.
The power of climate labels the search for an optimal label design
Authors: Stephansen Camilla , Lane Hakan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe importance of finding new, innovative ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions has received increased attention. Climate labels are a means for this, where the life cycle emissions of a product are often given in combination with an icon. This article surveys the phenomenon of climate labels while varying their design to prompt more sustainable food consumption. Recipe boxes were selected as an example emphasizing the increasing popularity of shopping for groceries online. An online choice experiment was conducted where Danish respondents selected recipe boxes in two different scenarios: (a) the ‘all‐or‐nothing’ (binary) approach with a binary label on low‐emitting choices only and (b) the three‐tier rank‐order approach, where all meals are assigned a graphical rating. By assigning recipe boxes scores ranking from 0 to 2 based on the level of climate pollution, a measurement of the total score from a choice of recipe boxes made it possible to compare the effect of the two different approaches for climate labelling. Statistical tests indicated a significant difference between the two types of climate labels and their persuasive effect on consumer choice. They revealed that the three‐tier rank‐order approach results in more sustainable consumption than the binary approach. In demographics, younger individuals and females proved to be the most conscious in their choices.
Stochastic optimal control for autonomous driving applications via polynomial chaos expansions
Authors: Listov Petr , Schwarz Johannes , Jones Colin N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModel‐based methods in autonomous driving and advanced driving assistance gain importance in research and development due to their potential to contribute to higher road safety. Parameters of vehicle models, however, are hard to identify precisely or they can change quickly depending on the driving conditions. In this paper, we address the problem of safe trajectory planning under parametric model uncertainties motivated by automotive applications. We use the generalized polynomial chaos expansions for efficient nonlinear uncertainty propagation and distributionally robust inequalities for chance constraints approximation. Inspired by the tube‐based model predictive control, an ancillary feedback controller is used to control the deviations of stochastic modes from the nominal solution, and therefore, decrease the variance. Our approach allows reducing conservatism related to nonlinear uncertainty propagation while guaranteeing constraints satisfaction with a high probability. The performance is demonstrated on the example of a trajectory optimization problem for a simplified vehicle model with uncertain parameters.
How does learning about the future of the ocean impact children's emotional wellbeing? Insights from ocean literacy educators in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Murray Linda , Breheny Mary , Cumming Romilly , Erueti Bevan , Mooney Maureen , Nash Kirsty L. , Severinsen Christina , Shanly James 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Four decades of research on the health effects of ‘connection to nature’ identifies many wellbeing advantages for young people. Yet this literature has developed largely without reference to biophysical evidence about mass biodiversity loss, the degradation of marine environments and climate change.

As these interlocking planetary crises progress, children will be more likely to witness the marine environments they learn about degrade or disappear as they grow up.

Improving ocean literacy is important to protect marine environments into the future. However little is known about how learning about ocean degradation affects young people's emotional wellbeing.

We undertook qualitative research to investigate how ocean literacy educators in Aotearoa New Zealand view the content they deliver in relation to the emotional wellbeing of young people.

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 key informants from non‐government organisations (NGOs), Ministry of Education funded programmes, university‐community partnerships, youth‐led initiatives and local and national museums and aquariums. Transcripts were analysed using the six steps of Braun and Clarke's (2022) reflexive thematic analysis.

Ocean literacy education was described as positively affecting young people's emotional wellbeing through interactive experiences in coastal environments. These provided opportunities for experiencing wonder, curiosity and a shared sense of connection and belonging.

Educators reported witnessing distress and overwhelm in young people when some information was delivered. This resulted in educators ‘not focusing on the negative’ and moving straight to solutions young people could take part in.

Our findings provide opportunities for re‐imagining ocean literacy education as a space for promoting mental wellbeing, especially when young people have the opportunity to be part of collective experiences that promote joy and wonder.

Intergenerational solutions where young people can be supported to take action with adults who work in solidarity with them are also recommended.

Further research into how educators can be resourced to acknowledge and facilitate support around young people's negative emotional responses (such as grief, overwhelm and anxiety) is required.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of graphene on soybean root colonization by Bradyrhizobium strains
Authors: Sethu Madhavan Athira , Montanez Hernandez Lilia Ernestina , Gu Zheng Rong , Subramanian Senthil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLegume crops such as soybean obtain a large portion of their nitrogen nutrition through symbiotic nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic rhizobia bacteria in root nodules. However, nodule occupancy by low‐capacity nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia can lead to lower‐than‐optimal levels of nitrogen fixation. Seed/root coating with engineered materials such as graphene‐carrying biomolecules that may promote specific attraction/attachment of desirable bacterial strains is a potential strategy that can help overcome this rhizobia competition problem. As a first step towards this goal, we assessed the impact of graphene on soybean and Bradyrhizobium using a set of growth, biochemical, and physiological assays. Three different concentrations of graphene were tested for toxicity in soybean (50, 250, and 1,000 mg/l) and Bradyrhizobia (25, 50, and 100 mg/l). Higher graphene concentrations (250 mg/l and 1,000 mg/l) promoted seed germination but slightly delayed plant development. Spectrometric and microscopy assays for hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion suggested that specific concentrations of graphene led to higher levels of reactive oxygen species in the roots. In agreement, these roots also showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Conversely, no toxic effects were detected on Bradyrhizobia treated with graphene, and neither did they have higher levels of reactive oxygen species. Graphene treatments at 250 mg/l and 1,000 mg/l significantly reduced the number of nodules, but rhizobia infection and the overall nitrogenase activity were not affected. Our results show that graphene can be used as a potential vehicle for seed/root treatment.