bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport makes cities: transit maps as major cognitive frames of metropolitan areas
Authors: Prabhakar Archana , Grison Elise , Lhuillier Simon , Leprévost Florian , Gyselinck Valérie , Morgagni Simone 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding how individuals mentally perceive and navigate urban spaces is a significant subject in spatial cognition, and it is crucial for urban planning and design. Transit maps are central in these matters, as they present and represent information about public transport systems. They primarily include the positions of transit lines, transit stops and transfer stations, along with the connections that exist between them (Guo, 2011). Through a series of interviews with more than twenty Londoners including a “sketch mapping” phase (Lynch, 1960), Vertesi (2008) showed that the Tube Map depicting the London Underground transit system has distorted Londoners’ perception of their city, with residents now identifying the Tube Map as a plausible representation of what London is. Our research aims to further her pioneering work and shed light on the connection between people's mental representations of metropolitan areas and the schematic representations of their corresponding public transport networks. We present two studies that confirm an association between peoples’ representations of metropolitan areas and the schematic representations of their respective public transport networks. Our studies take into consideration cognitive biases and distortions revealed in the literature on spatial cognition to underlie the construction of mental representations of geographic spaces where public transport networks have since long put down roots in citizens’ culture and habits with a specific focus on Paris, London and Berlin metropolitan areas.
Towards Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Beams: Multi-objective Optimization for Cost, CO₂ Emission, and Crack Prevention
Authors: Santos Nathanael Risson , Alves Elcio Cassimiro , Kripka Moacir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The growing scarcity of natural resources drives the construction sector to seek solutions and technologies where materials are employed not only for greater cost-effectiveness but also for improved performance and increased sustainability. This study aimed to use optimization in the design of reinforced concrete beams, aiming to reduce costs, CO₂ emissions, and concrete cracks. Considering the conflicting nature of the objectives, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The design variables considered were the dimensions of the cross-sectional area and the number of steel bars in the bottom layer of the beam. Beams with varying spans and concrete strengths were optimized, and Pareto frontiers were obtained. The results allowed for the identification of the most relevant parameters for each objective considered, as well as the behavior of each variable in obtaining the optimized solutions. Among the main conclusions, it was found that the least costly solutions also correspond to the lowest impact and that greater width can be advantageous in increasing the durability of the beams.
Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Siqi , Lai Hongkun , Chen Yingying , Huang Ruchun , Wu Liping , Yan Xiuyan , Pi Huichun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) above that of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) or karyotyping in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia (SD) from various perspectives.
Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA criteria. Searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, we identified studies describing ES, next-generation sequencing, and/or genes panel in fetuses with SD. Inclusion criteria were: (i) fetuses diagnosed with suspected SD by prenatal ultrasound; (ii) more than 5 fetuses included; (iii) normal karyotype and CMA results. Two reviewers completed the data of Prenatal (Ultrasound) phenotype and genotype information collection independently and merged it.
Results
We identified 18 studies with data on ES diagnostic yield including 599 individuals with SD. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was found in 306 fetuses, resulting in a 60% (95% CI, 48–72%) diagnostic yield. The number of gene mutations detected was 346, involving 74 genes related to SD and 23.7% of novel variants. The targeted skeletal gene panel showed a diagnostic yield of 76% (95% CI, 62–89%).
Conclusions
The application of ES in fetuses with SD and normal karyotype or CMA can provide a considerable diagnostic yield. The benefits of using ES in selected groups will be more obvious.
Drivers and mechanisms of pastoral system adaptation to climate change: An assessment in a French Alps case study region
Authors: Targetti Stefano , Hinojosa Leonith , Mouléry Michel , Napoléone Claude 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Alpine pastoral systems are examples of human-managed landscapes where farming practices are traditionally adapted to semi-natural forage resources. Climate change effects will likely drive farming management with relevant socioeconomic and environmental impacts on pastoral systems and mountain communities. However, pastoral systems are complex socio-ecological systems driven by a range of drivers such as policies and institutions that trigger a range of direct and indirect feedbacks and influence the adaptation response to climate change. We present a participatory approach based on different sources and types of knowledge, building of cognitive maps with local farmers, and testing of scenarios featuring different impacts on the local pastoral system. The approach is aimed at identifying the drivers of vulnerability, understanding the cause-effect relationships between the main stress factors affecting the local pastoral system and at discerning the “concurrent” factors that enable or constrain farmers’ adaptation capacity. Our results outline that unpredictability linked to climate variability is relevant for farmers’ decisions. Nonetheless, predation is clearly the most important threat hindering the utilization of upland grasslands. The results discussed with local stakeholders point to an attentive consideration of the expected increase in farmers’ workload linked to predation, climate variability stresses, and agricultural policy. Strategies aimed at enhancing the availability of skilled shepherds result as the most effective to decrease the workload for farmers, increase the adaptive capacity of the local pastoral system, and thus contribute effectively in contrasting the abandonment of mountain grasslands.
To harvest or not? Tradeoffs between SOC maintenance and overall environmental performance of harvesting crop residues for the bioeconomy
Authors: Díaz Christhel Andrade , Zamora-Ledezma Ezequiel , Hamelin Lorie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The transition to zero-net emissions raises trade-offs between the services competing for sustainable carbon sources. Here, we performed a consequential LCA to understand the full environmental performance of managing 1 tonne of wet crop residue to produce sustainable marine fuels, while preserving or enhancing the SOC stocks in French croplands. Three management scenarios were considered: i) decay of crop residues on soils (reference), ii) conversion of crop residues to hydrotreated pyrolysis oil (HPO) to replace heavy fuel oil in maritime transportation, with biochar return to soil, and iii) conversion of crop residues to cryogenic liquefied bio methane (bio-LNG) to replace liquefied natural gas in cargo ships, with digestate return to soil. Besides the replacement of the fossil fuels, a system boundaries expansion was applied to account for the valorisation of the coproducts obtained along the whole supply chain of each system. Results per tonne of crop residues show, for all impacts assessed, a better environmental performance of using crop residues for maritime biofuels in comparison to their direct ploughing to soils, for all environmental impacts assessed. Notably, major GHG savings are observed, representing avoided emissions of 563 and 946 kgCO2etww− 1 of crop residues for the HPO and bio-LNG, respectively. The impact was scaled to the national potential that can be harvested for each pathway without losing SOC stocks (C-neutral harvest), implying a greater potential for the HPO pathway. While bio-LNG was the most performant pathway per tonne of residues (with the exception of marine eutrophication and particulate matter), the scaled results show greater savings with the HPO pathway, except for freshwater eutrophication and water scarcity. The results show that converting crop residues to biofuels while returning the recalcitrant coproduct of the conversion pathway to soils allows, in the HPO case, net environmental benefits for all the assessed environmental impacts as well as for SOC stocks. While bio-LNG shows net savings in most impacts, it shows a net impact for marine eutrophication because of the nitrogen losses associated with the digestate management. Overall, the results do not show, for the assessed pathways and impacts, a trade-off between SOC maintenance and net environmental impacts, if a C-neutral harvest is ensured with the co-product return to soil. This reflects the importance of fossil fuels substitution beyond the sole climate impact.
Microbiological and Immunological Aspects of Multifform Exudative Erythema
Authors: Takhirova Kamolakhon , Kamilov Khaydar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the diagnostics of erythema multiforme exudative. We studied the microbiological and immunological characteristics of this pathology. The combination of pathogenic microorganisms forms oral dysbiosis. The pathogenetic significance of immunity disorders and nonspecific resistance of the body, which we identified in patients with erythema multiforme exudative, convincingly showed the need for immunomodulatory therapeutic measures in them.
Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by 4-nitrocinnamic Acid: In Vitro and
In Vivo Investigations and Docking Simulations
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Yu Sijin , He Zemin , Zhu Danhong , Cai Xiaozhen , Ruan Zhipeng , Jin Nan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have gained significant attention in
recent medicinal research due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. However, the
effects of these compounds on xanthine oxidase (XO) have not been systematically investigated,
and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to screen 18 compounds and identify the XO inhibitor
with the strongest inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we aimed to study the inhibitory mechanism of
the identified compound.

Methods:
The effects of the inhibitors on XO were evaluated using kinetic analysis, docking simulations,
and in vivo study. Among the compounds tested, 4-NA was discovered as the first XO
inhibitor and exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects, with an IC50 value of 23.02 ± 0.12
μmol/L. The presence of the nitro group in 4-NA was found to be essential for enhancing XO inhibition.
The kinetic study revealed that 4-NA inhibited XO in a reversible and noncompetitive
manner. Moreover, fluorescence spectra analysis demonstrated that 4-NA could spontaneously
form complexes with XO, referred to as 4-NA‒XO complexes, with the negative values of △H
and △S.

Results:
This suggests that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play crucial roles in the
binding process. Molecular docking studies further supported the kinetic analysis and provided
insight into the optimal binding conformation, indicating that 4-NA is located at the bottom outside
the catalytic center through the formation of three hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, animal studies
confirmed that the inhibitory effects of 4-NA on XO resulted in a significant reduction of serum
uric acid level in hyperuricemia mice.

Conclusion:
This work elucidates the mechanism of 4-NA inhibiting XO, paving the way for the
development of new XO inhibitors.
HIV Preintegration Transcription and Host Antagonism
Authors: Wu Yuntao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Retrovirus integration is an obligatory step for the viral life cycle, but large amounts of
unintegrated DNA (uDNA) accumulate during retroviral infection. For simple retroviruses, in the
absence of integration, viral genomes are epigenetically silenced in host cells. For complex retroviruses
such as HIV, preintegration transcription has been found to occur at low levels from a large
population of uDNA even in the presence of host epigenetic silencing mechanisms. HIV preintegration
transcription has been suggested to be a normal early process of HIV infection that leads to the
syntheses of all three classes of viral transcripts: multiply-spliced, singly-spliced, and unspliced genomic
RNA; only viral early proteins such as Nef are selectively translated at low levels in blood
CD4 T cells and macrophages, the primary targets of HIV. The initiation and persistence of HIV
preintegration transcription have been suggested to rely on viral accessory proteins, particularly virion
Vpr and de novo Tat generated from uDNA; both proteins have been shown to antagonize host
epigenetic silencing of uDNA. In addition, stimulation of latently infected resting T cells and macrophages
with cytokines, PKC activator, or histone deacetylase inhibitors has been found to greatly
upregulate preintegration transcription, leading to low-level viral production or even replication
from uDNA. Functionally, Nef synthesized from preintegration transcription is biologically active
in modulating host immune functions, lowering the threshold of T cell activation, and downregulating
surface CD4, CXCR4/CCR5, and HMC receptors. The early Tat activity from preintegration
transcription antagonizes repressive minichromatin assembled onto uDNA. The study of HIV preintegration
transcription is important to understanding virus-host interaction and antagonism, viral
persistence, and the mechanism of integrase drug resistance. The application of unintegrated lentiviral
vectors for gene therapy also offers a safety advantage for minimizing retroviral vector-mediated
insertional mutagenesis.
Changes in Intrapersonal Factors of Participants in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring Study Who Are at Risk for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Descriptive Quantitative Study
Authors: Lanssens Dorien , Vandenberk Thijs , Storms Valerie , Thijs Inge , Grieten Lars , Bamelis Lotte , Gyselaers Wilfried , Tang Eileen , Luyten Patrick 
Published: June 2023

Background
The peripartum period, defined as the period from the beginning of the gestation until 1 year after the delivery, has long been shown to be potentially associated with increased levels of stress and anxiety with regard to one’s transition to the status of parent and the accompanying parental tasks. Yet, no research to date has investigated changes in intrapersonal factors during the peripartum period in women at risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).

Objective
The aim of this study is to explore and describe changes in intrapersonal factors in participants at risk for PIH.

Methods
We used an explorative design in which 3 questionnaires were sent by email to 110 participants the day following enrollment in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring program for pregnant women at risk for PIH. Women were invited to complete the questionnaires at the beginning of their participation in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring project (mostly at 14 weeks of gestation) and after approaching 32 weeks of gestational age (GA). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to assess anxiety and depression, and adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used to measure trait pain catastrophizing.

Results
Scores were significantly higher at 32 weeks of GA than at the moment of enrollment (GAD-7 score=7, range 4-11 vs 5, range 3-8; P=.01; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score=6, range 4-10 vs 4, range 2-7; P<.001). The subscale scores of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were all lower at 32 weeks of GA compared with 14 weeks of GA (rumination: 4, range 1-6 vs 5, range 2-9.5; P=.11; magnification: 3, range 1-5.5 vs 4, range 3-7; P=.04; and helplessness: 5, range 2-9 vs 6, range 3.5-12; P=.06). The proportion of women with a risk for depression (GAD-7 score >10) was 13.3% (10/75) at enrollment and had increased to 35.6% (26/75) at 32 weeks of GA.

Conclusions
This study shows that pregnant women at risk for PIH have higher levels of stress and anxiety at 32 weeks of GA than at the moment of enrollment. Further research is recommended to investigate potential strategies to help pregnant women at risk for PIH manage feelings of stress and anxiety.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03246737; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03246737
Сonnection of immunological markers with morphological manifestations in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Stoikevych M.V. , Gaydar Yu.A. , Tatarchuk O.M. , Mylostуva D.F. , Tarasova T.S. , Petishko O.P. 
Published: June 2023

Background. Inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are an urgent problem of modern gastroenterology. Therefore, the discovery of new laboratory approaches makes it possible to assess the degree of the disease. Purpose: to reveal the relationship between morphological manifestations and immunological indicators in patients with ulcerative colitis. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on biological material (blood and colonic biopsy samples) of 90 patients with ulcerative colitis. The thickness of the mucosa, density of the inflammatory infiltrate and its composition, crypt sizes, their architectonics, the presence of crypt abscesses, atrophic and fibrotic changes were calculated in biopsies by morphological and morphometric methods. Immunological studies included the evaluation of mononuclear cells, the levels of B-lymphocytes, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor α, immunoglobulins (Ig) A, M, G. Results. The histological activity of the disease was determined by an increased level of inflammatory infiltrate (14,431.4 ± 483.3 per 1 mm2 of stroma) and the presence of many neutrophilic granulocytes (212.2 ± 20.9 per 1 mm2 of stroma) and lymphocytes (2,922.8 ± 76.6 per 1 mm2 of stroma) in it. Also, some patients had crypt abscesses (36.7 % of the total number of patients) and breaches in the epithelial integrity (54.4 % of the total number of patients). A correlation was found between the level of CD22+ lymphocytes and some morphometric parameters: the width of the crypts (r = 0.27; P < 0.01) and the height of the surface epithelium (r = 0.30; P < 0.01); between IgM concentrations and cellular density of mucosal infiltrate (r = 0.29; P < 0.01), neutrophils (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) and basophils (r = 0.24; P < 0.05); level of IgA and macrophages (r = 0.21; P < 0.05), lymphocytes (r = 0.24; P < 0.05), basophils (r = 0.25; P < 0.05). Conclusions. It is shown that some morphological and morphometric indicators are related to immunological parameters. It was found that the elevated level of cytokines correlates with the activity of inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. The level of CD22+ lymphocytes and changes in some morphometric indicators (crypt width and surface epithelium height) are directly related to an increase in inflammatory processes in the intestinal mucosa.
A qualitative assessment of farmer director skills in agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Herchenbach Jody S. , Briggeman Brian C. , Bergtold Jason S. , Shanoyan Aleksan , Low Sarah A. , Miller Brandi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Agricultural cooperatives in the United States are larger and more complex than ever before. Due to this growth, farmer directors need to up-skill to maximize farmer member benefits. Director education is generally considered a successful strategy for improving financial and strategic performance, yet little research has examined the skills U.S. agricultural cooperative directors need. This research identified skills – and, notably, behaviors – necessary for agricultural cooperative directors to ensure financial and operational success. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with cooperative leaders. Results were consistent across these three groups and suggest that successful directors must possess the following skills and behaviors: financial/ business, governance, board leadership, industry knowledge and strategic planning. Results suggest that educating farmer directors on these skills and behaviors may benefit all farmer members of an agricultural cooperative.
A Conceptual Model: The Mediating Role of Creativity Climate in Empowering Leadership on Management Innovation and Innovative Behavior
Authors: Fadila Fatin , Sawitri Hunik Sri Runing 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explain the creativity climate as a mediating variable on the relationship of empowering leadership with management innovation and innovative behavior in the hospitality industry. The expected finding is that there is a positive relationship on the effect of empowering leadership on management innovation and innovative behavior with the mediation of creativity climate. Researchers hope that this conceptual model study provides organizations with an understanding of the planned changes in the organizational environment on management innovation. This article is also expected to contribute theoretically, practically, and may be used for future studies.
The Thrill of Victory and the Agony of Defeat: The First and Last One Hundred Days of a New and Old Administration
Authors: Norman Ishmael Dilnos 
Published: June 2023

Ghana has had general elections in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. The next one is in 2024. Each administration comes with changes that are said to be inspired by ‘patrimonialism’ and ‘neopatrimonialism’. Objective: I reviewed how the successive political administrations of the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party have conducted their transitions to determine whether those actions were guided by principles of equity or patrimonialism/neo-patrimonialism. Method: I conducted extensive literature review about the conduct of the administrations in the first and last one hundred days to ascertain the approach used and the results each of the political parties created to determine if those measures were in consonance with the Constitutional provisions on human security and political transition. Result: The first 100 days of the incoming administration is full of joy and celebrations; interspaced with the inalienation of some of the winning party’s members with unmet needs. The review showed how appointees of the previous administration are disenfranchised or re-assigned to remote workstations. The typical Ghanaian President does not introduce laudable, economic transformative agenda but he is pre-occupied with reprisals against the appointees of the previous government. Conclusion: The first one hundred days offers the ‘thrill of victory and the agony of defeat’1. New cases of post-traumatic stress disorders associated with loss of relevance and social status emerge. The outgoing Presidents overburden the system with operational cost for new programs initiated in the eleventh hour of their departures.