bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap with Bilobed Design for the Donor Defect after Wrap‐Around Flap Transfer Reconstruction
Authors: Hu Chaotao , Hou Biao , Huang Xiongjie , Xu Yunhua , He Qiang , Song Jiangang , Xie Songlin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe repair of great toe donor site defect after wrap‐around flap transfer is still controversial. The bilobed superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap can improve the aesthetics of the great toe while maintaining its function. Thus, this study aimed to report our experience in the reconstruction of big toe donor site defects with the bilobed SCIP flap and describe the clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective trial. From May 2017 to May 2020, 13 patients with the great toe donor site defect after wrap‐around flap transfer were included in this study. The average age of the patients was 44 years (range, 23–60 years). All patients received free bilobed SCIP flaps to reconstruct the donor site defect of the great toe. Relevant clinical features were recorded preoperatively. The thickness and design of the SCIP flap and the harvesting layer of the flap were measured during the operation. The survival rate of flaps and skin grafts and the incidence of infection were recorded after operation. At follow‐up, donor site complications and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsIn all cases, the SCIP flap covering the donor site of the great toe survived. All patients were followed up for 24–40 months (mean, 30.5 months). The average thickness of the SCIP flap was 0.38cm. All SCIP flaps were harvested from the superficial fascial layer except for three obese patients. The thin SCIP flap had a bilobed design with no further defatting procedures. Postoperatively, the great toe‐nail flap donor site regained its original appearance without bloating or flap necrosis. There was a hidden linear scar in the groin donor site, which did not affect hip joint movement. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetics of the surgical site.ConclusionThe SCIP flap with bilobed design for repairing the donor defect of the great toe after wrap‐around flap transfer is a kind of surgical method with excellent contour, meeting the requirements of function and aesthetics.
Drought survival and recovery in grasses: Stress intensity and plant–plant interactions impact plant dehydration tolerance
Authors: Barkaoui Karim , Volaire Florence 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant dehydration tolerance confers drought survival in grasses, but the mortality thresholds according to soil water content (SWC), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and plant–plant interactions are little explored. We compared the dehydration dynamics of leaf meristems, which are the key surviving organs, plant mortality, and recovery of Mediterranean and temperate populations of two perennial grass species, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea, grown in monocultures and mixtures under a low‐VPD (1.5 kPa) versus a high‐VPD drought (2.2 kPa). The lethal drought index (LD50), that is, SWC associated with 50% plant mortality, ranged from 2.87% (ψs = −1.68 MPa) to 2.19% (ψs = −4.47 MPa) and reached the lowest values under the low‐VPD drought. Populations of D. glomerata were more dehydration‐tolerant (lower LD50), survived and recovered better than F. arundinacea populations. Plant–plant interactions modified dehydration tolerance and improved post‐drought recovery in mixtures compared with monocultures. Water content as low as 20.7%–36.1% in leaf meristems allowed 50% of plants to survive. We conclude that meristem dehydration causes plant mortality and that drought acclimation can increase dehydration tolerance. Genetic diversity, acclimation and plant–plant interactions are essential sources of dehydration tolerance variability to consider when predicting drought‐induced mortality.
The function of the Medicago truncatula ZIP transporter MtZIP14 is linked to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization
Authors: Watts‐Williams Stephanie J. , Wege Stefanie , Ramesh Sunita A. , Berkowitz Oliver , Xu Bo , Gilliham Matthew , Whelan James , Tyerman Stephen D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoil micronutrient availability, including zinc (Zn), is a limiting factor for crop yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve host plant growth and nutrition through the mycorrhizal pathway of nutrient uptake. Although the physiology of Zn uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway is well established, the identity of the related molecular components are unknown. Here, RNA‐seq analysis was used to identify genes differentially‐regulated by AM colonization and soil Zn concentration in roots of Medicago truncatula. The putative Zn transporter gene MtZIP14 was markedly up‐regulated in M. truncatula roots when colonized by Rhizophagus irregularis. MtZIP14 restored yeast growth under low Zn availability. Loss‐of‐function mutant plants (mtzip14) had reduced shoot biomass compared to the wild‐type when colonized by AM fungi and grown under low and sufficient soil Zn concentration; at high soil Zn concentration, there were no genotypic differences in shoot biomass. The vesicular and arbuscular colonization of roots was lower in the mtzip14 plants regardless of soil Zn concentration. We propose that MtZIP14 is linked to AM colonization in M. truncatula plants, with the possibility that MtZIP14 function with AM colonization is linked to plant Zn nutrition.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate syndrome through a hybrid workflow: A case report with 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Török Gréta , Saláta József , Ábrám Emese , Nemes Bálint , Hermann Péter , Rózsa Noémi , Kispélyi Barbara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimEctrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects ectodermal derived structures, including teeth, nails, hair, and sweat glands. Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with EEC syndrome is essential towards improving their overall quality of life.Methods and ResultsIn the case shown, a telescopic retained overdenture was made on the lower jaw based on digital impression of a patient with EEC syndrome associated with cleft lip and cleft palate. Due to the congenital anomalies and limited mouth opening, the impression was taken with intraoral scanner, and after designing the telescopes on the digital model, the primary and secondary telescopes were confectioned by selective laser sintering.ConclusionCombining digital dental technology and conventional clinical prosthetic treatment methods, results in a well‐functioning overdenture even in such complicated situations. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with ECC helps to restore the masticatory and phonetic functions, increases the patient's self‐esteem, and prevents further psychological trauma caused by hypodontia.
Density stratification controls the bedform phase diagram of saline‐gravity currents versus open‐channel flows
Authors: Ohata Koji , de Cala Isabel , Dorrell Robert M. , Naruse Hajime , McLelland Stuart J. , Simmons Stephen M. , McCaffrey William D. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTSedimentary bedforms such as ripples and dunes are generated both by river flows and sediment‐laden gravity currents. Gravity current deposits are usually parameterized using existing bedform phase diagrams which are based on data from laboratory experiments and field observations of open‐channel flows. Yet, it is not evident that open‐channel flow bedform phase diagrams are applicable to gravity current deposits. Gravity current hydrodynamics are dependent on vertical density variation, that is density stratification, and therefore are fundamentally different from open‐channel flows. New experiments to produce gravity current deposits are conducted and compared to existing open‐channel flow data. It is shown that a parameter phase‐space based on the lower layer of stratified gravity currents (i.e. that part below the velocity maximum) significantly improves the prediction of bedform type compared to bedform phase diagrams derived from layer‐averaged parameters. These results confirm that bedforms produced by gravity currents can only be predicted accurately using the characteristics of the lower layer of stratified flow.
Changjiang coastal mud‐belt deposits in Taiwan Strait: Controls on its distribution and facies
Authors: Shan Xin , Dalrymple Robert W. , Shi Xuefa , Jin Lina , Liu Shengfa , Liu Chenguang , Liu Shihao , Qiao Shuqing , Zhou Qingjie , Fang Xisheng 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCoastal mud belts, which lie parallel to the coast just seaward of the shoreface, are one of the most important settings where shallow‐marine muddy deposits accumulate. However, sedimentary processes and facies distributions of coastal mud belts remain largely uninvestigated. This study uses process‐oriented sedimentology, coupled with provenance analysis and organic geochemistry of sedimentary records at the northern entrance to the Taiwan Strait, to investigate one of the largest such systems in the world, the Changjiang coastal mud belt. Carbon‐14 dates indicate that deposition has been intermittent throughout Marine Isotope Stages 1, 2 and 3, with several cryptic gaps in the muddy succession as a result of exposure or transgressive erosion during periods of lower or rising sea level, respectively. The palaeowater depth of each depositional unit was roughly estimated based on a global sea‐level curve and the elevation and age of the depositional units. Integrated provenance and sedimentology studies suggest that an incised valley most likely cut by the Minjiang, a nearby river draining the Chinese mainland, probably during Marine Isotope Stage 6, was filled with shelf mud during Marine Isotope Stage 3. These results demonstrate that deposition of mud on the Changjiang coastal mud belt was influenced by sea‐level changes that controlled water depth and flow patterns through Taiwan Strait. The Changjiang coastal mud belt migrates landward when sea level rises and moves seaward when sea level drops. In addition, changes in oceanic circulation associated with opening and closing of Taiwan Strait due to sea‐level changes causes significant changes in the source of the mud, with an alternation between sediment contributions from the Changjiang in the north, the nearby Minjiang, and the island of Taiwan to the south‐east. This study also reveals that the Changjiang coastal mud belt deposits are composed of both shallower‐water and deeper‐water facies. The shallower‐water facies predominantly comprises abundant fluid‐mud beds generated by waves and tidal currents. The deeper‐water facies contains shell‐rich mud and bioturbated mud, which were likely deposited by the Chinese coastal current and Taiwan Warm current. The bed types and interpretation of sedimentary processes of the Changjiang coastal mud belt are useful for recognition of ancient deposits of coastal mud belts elsewhere.
Posture Optimization in Robotic Flat-End Milling Based on Sequential Quadratic Programming
Authors: Chen Yongxue , Ding Ye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRobotic flat-end milling of complex surfaces offers advantages such as high flexibility and high machining efficiency. In the process of planning the toolpath based on the cutter contact path, the robot functional redundancy and the tool orientation need to be solved carefully. This paper presents a posture optimization method for robotic flat-end milling. Taking the weighted sum of the machining width and the toolpath smoothness performance criterion as the objective function, an optimization model considering the joint limits and gouging avoidance is established. An efficient algorithm based on sequential quadratic programming is proposed to solve this nonconvex problem. During the execution of the algorithm, the machining width is efficiently calculated by an iterative method based on conformal geometric algebra, while its derivatives are approximated analytically. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the presented technique can resolve the tool axis direction and the robot redundancy effectively to increase the machining width and improve the toolpath smoothness, thus reducing the time for machining and improving the surface quality.
Heat Transfer Coefficient and Adiabatic Wall Temperature Measurements on High-Pressure Turbine Nozzle Guide Vanes With Representative Inlet Swirl and Temperature Distortions
Authors: Bacci Tommaso , Picchi Alessio , Babazzi Giulia , Facchini Bruno , Cubeda Simone 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Combustor exit conditions in modern gas turbines are generally characterized by significant temperature distortions and swirl degree, which in turn is responsible for very high turbulence intensities. These distortions have become particularly important with the introduction of lean combustion, as a mean to control NOx pollutant emissions. For this reason, combustor–turbine interaction studies have recently gained a lot of importance. Past studies have focused on the description of the effects of turbulence, swirl degree, and temperature distortions on the behavior of the high-pressure stages of the turbine, both considering them as separated aspects and accounting for their combined impact. Aspects like pressure losses, hot streaks migration, and film-cooling behavior have been widely investigated. Even if some studies have focused on the characterization of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the nozzle guide vane external surface, none of them have addressed this aspect from a purely experimental point of view. Indeed, when inlet conditions are characterized by both swirl and temperature distortions, they represent a severe challenge for the commonly adopted measurement techniques. The work presented in this paper was carried out on a non-reactive, annular, three-sector test rig made by a non-reactive combustor simulator and a nozzle guide vane cascade; it is able to create a representative combustor outflow, characterized by all the flow characteristics described before. A novel experimental approach, which was developed in a previous work, was exploited to experimentally retrieve the heat transfer coefficient and the adiabatic wall temperature distributions on a non-cooled nozzle guide vane. Temperature measurements on the cascade inlet and outlet planes were also used to provide boundary conditions and achieve a better understanding of the investigated phenomena. The results allowed to evidence the effect of the inlet swirl on the heat transfer coefficient distribution, as well as the evolution of the temperature distribution on the vane surface moving through the cascade, constituting the first attempt to evaluate these aspects from a purely experimental point of view.
Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Multi-Jet Impingement Cooling and Validation With the Experiments
Authors: Tabassum Sadiya , Hilfer Michael , Brakmann Robin G. , Morsbach Christian , Willert Christian , Matha Marcel , Schroll Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The current study involves numerical and experimental investigations of circular in-line jets impinging on a heated flat plate. The generic configuration is characterized by nine jets, each with a diameter of D = 0.0152 m. The jets are influenced by a self-generating crossflow and are positioned at a nozzle-to-plate distance (H/D) of 5 and a jet pitch (p/D) of 5. The steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations are performed for turbulent jet Reynolds numbers with the in-house CFD code TRACE. The Menter k–ω shear stress transport (SST) model is applied for turbulence modeling and the turbulent scalar fluxes are modeled based on the Reynolds analogy for a constant turbulent Prandtl number. To gain a closer insight into the impingement jet physics, high-resolution near-wall velocity and thermal fields are obtained through large eddy simulations (LESs) and measurements from particle image velocimetry (PIV). Focus is laid on the comparison of RANS results with the LES data and the experimental data. The results exhibit a qualitative similarity between the simulations and the experiments. Furthermore, correlations of the Nusselt number from the literature are used to validate the simulation results.
Investigation of Unsteady Rotor–Stator Interaction and Deterministic Correlation Analysis in a Transonic Compressor Stage
Authors: Liu Yangwei , Wei Xindi , Tang Yumeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Unsteady blade row interaction (UBRI) has a large impact on performance in high-speed axial compressors. Thus, the influence of UBRI should be accurately predicted in compressor routine design. In this study, the unsteady rotor–stator interaction in a transonic single-stage compressor, NASA Stage 35, is studied by steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes methods. First, the UBRI is analyzed. Periodic separation bubbles on the stator suction surface induced by the rotor wake are observed. Comparisons between steady and unsteady results show that the radial distribution of flow angle near the hub and tip region of the stator is strongly influenced by UBRI. Second, deterministic correlations are analyzed based on the average-passage equation system. The distribution of deterministic stress and the relationship between spatial correlations and deterministic correlations are analyzed. Results show that a strong nonlinear interaction caused by the rotor wake and the stator potential field is found in the rotor–stator gap, which is responsible for the generation of spatial–time correlation. Then, the anisotropy of deterministic correlations is analyzed using the Lumley triangle. Results show that the deterministic stress is highly anisotropic in the stator passage, which can be considered in the modeling using a similar strategy of turbulence modeling. At last, the relationships between the harmonics and decay rate of deterministic correlations are analyzed. The decay rate of deterministic correlation is highly related to the corresponding harmonics, and the higher-order harmonic exhibits a higher decay rate. A modified exponential decay model is proposed for deterministic correlation based on harmonics, which provides improved performance.
Making sense of brittle deformation in rhyolitic lavas: Insights from Obsidian Dome, California, USA
Authors: Isom Shelby L. , Andrews Graham D.M. , Kenderes Stuart , Whittington Alan G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe scarcity of observed active extrusive rhyolitic lava flows has skewed research to extensively focus on prehistoric lavas for information about their eruptive and emplacement dynamics. The first ever witnessed silicic lava eruptive events, Chaitén (2008) and Cordón Caulle (2011–2012) in Chile, were illuminating to the volcanology community because they featured a range of emplacement processes (endogenous versus exogenous), movement limiting modes, and eruptive behaviors (explosive versus effusive) that were often regarded as acting independently throughout an eruptive event. In this study, we documented evidence of a continuum of brittle and brittle-ductile deformation and fracture-induced outgassing during the emplacement of the ~600-yr-old silicic lava from Obsidian Dome, California, USA. This study focused on mapping the textural-structural relationships of the upper surface of the lava onto high-resolution (&lt;10 cm2/pixel) orthorectified color base maps. We found that the upper surface is characterized by small (&lt;1 m) mode 1 tensile fractures that grew and initiated new cracks, which linked together to form larger tensile fractures (1–5 m), which in turn penetrated deeper into the lava. We recorded ornamentations on these fracture surfaces that allow snapshot views into the rheological and outgassing conditions during the lava’s effusion. The largest fractures developed during single, large fracture events in the final stages of the lava’s emplacement. Ornamentations preserved on the fractured surfaces record degassing and explosive fragmentation away from the vent throughout the lava’s emplacement, suggesting explosive activity was occurring during the effusive emplacement. Field-based cataloguing of the complexities of fracture surfaces provides qualitative constraints for the future mechanical modeling of effusive lavas.
Identifying sources of non-unique detrital age distributions through integrated provenance analysis: An example from the Paleozoic Central Colorado Trough
Authors: Smith Tyson M. , Saylor Joel E. , Lapen Tom J. , Hatfield Kendall , Sundell Kurt E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo address the longstanding issue of provenance interpretation of non-unique detrital zircon age populations, we integrated zircon U-Pb, rare earth element (REE), and εHf(t) data from upper Paleozoic strata in the northern Central Colorado Trough and Cambrian intrusions with petrography, paleocurrent data, and structural and stratigraphic observations. This data set indicates that Cambrian sediment was shed by multiple local sources instead of distant sources hundreds of kilometers away, and it reveals a detailed history of tectonic drainage reorganization in the northern Central Colorado Trough during Ancestral Rocky Mountain deformation. During the Early–Middle Pennsylvanian, Cambrian detrital zircons were a minor constituent of northern Central Colorado Trough sediment. However, during the Late Pennsylvanian–early Permian, westward advancement of the adjacent Apishapa Uplift deformation front precipitated drainage reorganization, which resulted in an episode of dominant Cambrian detrital zircon sourcing. Paleocurrent and petrographic data indicate that the source of Cambrian detritus was shed by an igneous rock body that was ≤15 km northeast of the depocenter, which has since been eroded away or mantled by Tertiary volcanic rocks. The addition of zircon petrochronology to the data set applied here was critical in confirming this hidden source of detritus and elucidating the compositional characteristics of that igneous rock. Zircon εHf(t) provided a regional provenance indicator of a western Laurentian affinity, and REE composition aided in discriminating possible local sources of Cambrian zircon. Furthermore, this work serves as a case study of a dominant Cambrian detrital zircon signature sourced from outside of the wellknown Amarillo-Wichita Uplift, and it has implications for the interpretation of such detrital spectra in the context of a direct-from-basement source or the recycling of Cambrian zircon-dominated rocks. In summary, we demonstrate the utility of this multi-provenance proxy approach in interpreting a complex structural history of a dynamic hinterland and concomitant drainage reorganization through an in-depth investigation into the basin record.
Scheduling in Multiagent Systems Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Minashina I. K. , Gorbachev R. A. , Zakharova E. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The paper is devoted to scheduling in multiagent systems in the framework of the Flatland 3 competition. The main aim of this competition is to develop an algorithm for the effective control of dense traffic in complex railroad networks according to a given schedule. The proposed solution is based on reinforcement learning. To adapt this method to the particular scheduling problem, a novel approach based on structuring the reward function that stimulates an agent to adhere to its schedule was developed. The architecture of the proposed model is based on a multiagent version of centralized critic with proximal policy optimization (PPO) learning. In addition, a curriculum learning strategy was developed and implemented. This allowed the agent to cope with each level of complexity on time and train the model in more difficult conditions. The proposed solution won first place in the Flatland 3 competition in the reinforcement learning track.