bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management for liver transplant recipients
Authors: Kaur Simrat , Henthorn Patrick , Hendrickse Adrian 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Liver transplant recipients pose several pain management challenges. Altered hepatic drug metabolism and clearance in end-stage liver disease patients complicates the use of certain medications, while existing coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia can limit the use of regional anesthetic techniques. Largely due to a high prevalence of substance use disorders, these patients have increased vulnerability to opioid misuse in the perioperative period, which can make acute postoperative pain difficult to control and potentiates prolonged and painful recovery, increasing the risk of developing chronic postsurgical pain. We present current evidence-based literature that reviews optimal pain management strategies for this challenging patient demographic.

Recent findings
Multiple studies have shown that thoracic epidurals provide superior pain control in open hepatic resections. Recent data suggests thoracic epidurals may be safely considered in select liver transplant recipients with normal preoperative coagulation status; however, this evidence is limited, and further studies are needed. When the risks of coagulopathy prohibit epidural placement, truncal blocks such as transversus abdominis plane blocks or quadratus lumborum blocks and abdominal wound catheters can serve as alternative regional modalities. Specialized teams should manage pain using a multimodal approach.

Summary
Thoracic epidural analgesia may be an option for liver transplant recipients with normal coagulation profiles prior to surgery; however, additional studies are warranted. Other regional techniques are also available. Emphasis should be placed on optimizing multimodal pain medication management. Nonpharmacological interventions should also be considered.
Research on texture images and radiomics in urology: a review of urological MR imaging applications
Authors: Valeri Antoine , Nguyen Truong An 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Tumor volume and heterogenicity are associated with diagnosis and prognosis of urological cancers, and assessed by conventional imaging. Quantitative imaging, Radiomics, using advanced mathematical analysis may contain information imperceptible to the human eye, and may identify imaging-based biomarkers, a new field of research for individualized medicine. This review summarizes the recent literature on radiomics in kidney and prostate cancers and the future perspectives.

Recent findings
Radiomics studies have been developed and showed promising results in diagnosis, in characterization, prognosis, treatment planning and recurrence prediction in kidney tumors and prostate cancer, but its use in guiding clinical decision-making remains limited at present due to several limitations including lack of external validations in most studies, lack of prospective studies and technical standardization.

Summary
Future challenges, besides developing prospective and validated studies, include automated segmentation using artificial intelligence deep learning networks and hybrid radiomics integrating clinical data, combining imaging modalities and genomic features. It is anticipated that these improvements may allow identify these noninvasive, imaging-based biomarkers, to enhance precise diagnosis, improve decision-making and guide tailored treatment.
Utilizing a Tailored Approach to Standardized Screening of Health-Related Social Needs
Authors: Wright Qaashuntae C. , Wiencek Clareen A. , Williams Ishan C. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Despite the increased awareness of social determinants of health (SDoH), integrating social needs screening into health care practice has not consistently occurred.

Local Problem:
No social needs screening using recommended standardized questions was available at an outpatient hemodialysis clinic.

Methods:
Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, based on the Model for Improvement, were used to implement the Core 5 SDoH screening tool, a staff referral process, and an evaluation of the implementation process.

Intervention:
A standardized social needs screening tool and a staff referral process were implemented. An evaluation of the implementation process also occurred.

Results:
Of 73 patients screened, 21 reported 32 unmet social needs; all received referrals to community resources. Nurses demonstrated high acceptance and usability of the tool and the referral process.

Conclusions:
Implementing a standardized screening and referral process customized to clinical workflow enhanced the identification of social needs in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Assessing Neglect in Pediatric Environmental Deaths
Authors: Mahar Tara J. , Keyes Kelly , Ely Susan F. , Dennison Emily H. , Gill James R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are 4 common types of environmental pediatric deaths that may involve various degrees of neglect: hyperthermia, ingestion, drownings, and unsafe infant sleep practices. Because the circumstances surrounding each are disparate, there is no set of standards by which these factors may be weighed and interpreted. Given the same facts, the manner of death certification may differ depending upon training/experience and/or local practice.
To assess certification variations, 147 board-certified forensic pathologists were surveyed for the choice of manner in scenarios with different degrees of negligence intent. In addition to evaluating certification consistency, the survey examined whether certain factors affected the choice. The results demonstrated strong consistency in certain scenarios and widely disparate certifications in others.
Medical examiner/coroner certifications are administrative decisions for vital statistical purposes. The manner of death reflects an evidence-based conclusion, but because it is ultimately an opinion, determinations may vary. Based on the survey, some certification criteria were identified (ie, intent, child age, and knowingly placing a child in an environment with a reasonable risk of harm). Using these criteria may improve consistency, but it is unreasonable to expect 100% concordance. Understanding the certificate's role helps to place the manner in the proper legal and public health contexts.
What is the clinical significance of ‘heteroresistance’ in nonfermenting Gram-negative strains?
Authors: Tiseo Giusy , Galfo Valentina , Falcone Marco 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to discuss the potential clinical significance of heteroresistance in nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (GNB).

Recent findings
Recently, heteroresistance has been considered potentially responsible for clinical failure in Acinetobacter baumannii infections. This raised a scientific debate, still open, about the potential clinical significance of heteroresistance in nonfermenting GNB.

Summary
We reviewed the literature of last 20 years and found a limited number of studies evaluating the relationship between heteroresistance and clinical outcome in nonfermenting GNB. Unlike Gram-positive bacteria, heteroresistance is reported in a significant proportion of nonfermenting GNB with some studies describing it in all tested strains and for several antibiotics (including tigecycline, carbapenems, levofloxacin, cefiderocol, colistin). One important issue is the need for validated detection method since the population analysis profile test, that is considered the gold standard, requires high costs and time. Studies evaluating the correlation between heteroresistance and clinical outcome are contrasting and have several limitations. Although in-vitro detection of heteroresistance in nonfermenting GNB has not been associated with in-vivo treatment failure, its presence may suggest to prefer combination regimens instead monotherapy when treating infections by nonfermenters. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of heteroresistance.
Risk factors for severity in seasonal respiratory viral infections and how they guide management in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Matsui Toshihiro , Ogimi Chikara 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Seasonal respiratory virus infections (RVIs) often progress to severe diseases in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. This review summarizes the current evidence on risk factors for the severity of RVIs in this high-risk population and provides clinical management.

Recent findings
The likelihood of the respiratory viral disease progression depends on the immune status of the host and the type of virus. Conventional host factors, such as the immunodeficiency scoring index and the severe immunodeficiency criteria, have been utilized to estimate the risk of progression to severe disease, including mortality. Recent reports have suggested nonconventional risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, prior use of antibiotics with broad anaerobic activity, posttransplant cyclophosphamide, and pulmonary impairment after RVIs. Identifying novel and modifiable risk factors is important with the advances of novel therapeutic and preventive interventions for RVIs.

Summary
Validation of recently identified risk factors for severe RVIs in HCT recipients is required. The development of innovative interventions along with appropriate risk stratification is critical to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of Brucellosis among Dairy Farmers in Aligarh Region of North India: Creating awareness of a Neglected Disease
Authors: Alam Alveera , Sami Hiba , Hashmi S. Zeeshan Ahmad , Gururaj K , Khan Mohammad Azam , Khan Parvez A , Ahmad Haleema , Fatima Nazish , Khan Haris M 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis, a worldwide spreading zoonotic disease, is caused by the Gram-negative bacteria known as Brucella. Humans acquire infection through direct contact with blood, urine, the placenta of animals, inhalation of dust or aerosol in infected animal farms, and raw milk and meat intake. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh region of North India, to document various clinical signs and symptoms in Brucella-positive individuals, and to create awareness in dairy farmers aware about brucellosis and ways to prevent it.
METHODS
This was an observational study that comprised 125 dairy farmers in and around the Aligarh Region. Serum Samples were taken from this high-risk group after taking informed consent. Also, a pre-designed proforma was used to collect information about their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) about brucellosis and assess the risk factors of the disease. Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were done to detect the seroprevalence of brucellosis.
RESULT
Brucella infection was diagnosed in 64 (51.20%) cases by Indirect ELISA (IgM+ IgG), 41 (32.8%) by RBT, and 4 (3.2%) by SAT. Significant clustering of patients was seen in the 20-55 years age group. The most common symptom in ELISA IgM-positive patients was joint pain prevalent (16.07%), Fatigue (14.28%), Anorexia (12.50%), weight loss (8.92%), Malaise (5.35%), Undulant fever (3.57%), Night sweats (3.57%) and headache (1.78%). The findings of this study indicate that ELISA (IgM + IgG) exhibits great sensitivity as compared to SAT and RBT. KAP was very poor among dairy farmers.
CONCLUSION
In India, Brucella is a frequent but severely underreported illness. ELISA is the most sensitive serological test for diagnosing Brucellosis. No potential vaccine has yet been introduced for humans against Brucellosis. Thus, it is necessary to impart awareness and sensitize the high-risk groups about Brucellosis.
Role of C2-domain protein CAR1 in the plasma membrane ABA signaling response
Authors: Guo Ai-Yu , Wu Wen-Qiang , Bai Di , Li Yan , Xie Jie , Guo Siyi , Song Chun-Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlasma membrane (PM)-associated abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction is an important component of ABA signaling. The C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins have been reported to play a crucial role in recruiting ABA receptor PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) to the PM. However, the molecular details of the involvement of CAR proteins in membrane-delimited ABA signal transduction remain unclear. Here, the GUS-tagged materials for allArabidopsisCAR members were used to comprehensively visualize the extensive expression patterns of theCARfamily genes. Based on the specificity of CAR1’s response to ABA, we determined to use it as a target to study the function of CAR proteins in PM-associated ABA signaling. Single-particle tracking showed that ABA affected the spatiotemporal dynamics of CAR1. The presence of ABA prolonged the dwell time of CAR1 on the membrane and showed faster lateral mobility. Surprisingly, we verified that CAR1 could directly recruit Hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1) and SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 (SnRK2.2) to the PM at both the bulk and single-molecule levels. Furthermore, PM localization of CAR1 was demonstrated to be related to membrane microdomains. Collectively, our study revealed that CARs recruited the three main components of ABA signaling to the PM to respond positively to ABA. This study deepens our understanding of ABA signal transduction.
Phylogenetics, Epidemiology and Temporal Patterns of Dengue Virus type 1 in Araraquara, São Paulo State
Authors: Santos Souza Caio dos , Caleiro Giovana Santos , Claro Ingra Morales , de Jesus Jaqueline Goes , Coletti Thaís Moura , da Silva Camila Alves Maia , Costa Angela Aparecida , Inenami Marta , Ribeiro Andreia C , Felix Alvina Clara , de Paula Anderson Vicente , Figueiredo Walter M , de Albuquerque Luna Expedito José , Sabino Ester , Romano Camila Malta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDengue virus is a prominent arbovirus with global spread, causing approximately 390 million infections each year. In Brazil, yearly epidemics follow a well-documented pattern of serotype replacement every three to four years on average. Araraquara, located in the state of São Paulo, has faced significant impacts from DENV epidemics since the emergence of DENV-1 in 2010. The municipality then transitioned from low to moderate endemicity in less than 10 years. Yet, there remains an insufficient understanding of the virus circulation dynamics, particularly concerning DENV-1, in the region, as well as the genetic characteristics of the virus. To address this, we generated 37 complete or partial DENV-1 genomes sampled from 2015 to 2022 in Araraquara. Then, using also Brazilian and worldwide DENV-1 sequences we reconstructed the evolutionary history of DENV-1 in Araraquara and estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) for the serotype 1, for the genotype V and its main lineages. Within the last ten years, there were at least three introductions of genotype V in Araraquara, distributed in the two main lineages (LIa and LIb, and LII). The tMRCA for the first sampled lineage (2015/2016 epidemics) was approximately 15 years ago (in 2008). Crucially, our analysis challenges existing assumptions regarding emergence time of the DENV-1 genotypes, suggesting that genotype V might have diverged more recently than previously described. The presence of the two lineages of genotype V in the municipality might have contributed to the extended persistence of DENV-1 in the region.
A multimodal deep learning architecture for smoking detection with a small data approach
Authors: Lakatos Róbert , Pollner Péter , Hajdu András , Joó Tamás 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCovert tobacco advertisements often raise regulatory measures. This paper presents that artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has great potential for detecting hidden advertising and allows unbiased, reproducible, and fair quantification of tobacco-related media content.MethodsWe propose an integrated text and image processing model based on deep learning, generative methods, and human reinforcement, which can detect smoking cases in both textual and visual formats, even with little available training data.ResultsOur model can achieve 74% accuracy for images and 98% for text. Further-more, our system integrates the possibility of expert intervention in the form of human reinforcement.ConclusionsUsing the pre-trained multimodal, image, and text processing models available through deep learning makes it possible to detect smoking in different media even with few training data.
Assessing the uptake and implementation of index testing among adolescents and young people in Sub-Saharan Africa- a systematic review
Authors: Sam Denise M. , Bukirwa Clare , Ekongefeyin Sintieh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdolescents and young people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face high mortality rates due to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), highlighting the need for effective case identification strategies. The index testing strategy has shown promise, but its implementation and potential for use among this population remain poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching multiple databases and repositories for studies conducted in SSA since 2010, involving individuals aged 10 to 24 years. Out of 1,448 studies initially identified, only three met the inclusion criteria. The implementation of the index testing strategy primarily involved recruiting index clients at healthcare facilities and testing points, followed by community-based testing. The involvement of community health workers and peer mentors proved valuable in achieving high yields. However, the legal age for consent poses a barrier to utilizing this strategy among adolescents and young people. By addressing barriers and improving facilitators, the index testing strategy holds great potential for effective case identification in this age group in SSA.
Non-Motor symptoms in prodromal Parkinson’s disease are linked to reduced Quality of Life
Authors: Röttgen Sinah , Lindner Marie-Sophie , Seger Aline , Kickartz Johanna , Weiß Kim-Lara , Doppler Christopher E J , Fink Gereon R , Ophey Anja , Sommerauer Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is the most specific prodromal marker of Parkinson’s disease (PD), often accompanied by various non-motor symptoms. In PD, non-motor symptoms are strongly associated with reduced health-related quality of life (hrQoL).ObjectivesTo identify factors linked to poorer hrQoL in patients with iRBD and to compare their hrQoL to healthy control participants (HC) and patients with PD.MethodsSixty-two patients with iRBD (M= 66.44±6.14), 29 patients with PD (M= 67.21±7.23), and 19 HC (M= 67.57±8.16) were included. We administered the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to assess hrQoL. Additionally, participants underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation of non-motor symptoms.ResultsThe SF-36 total score was significantly lower in patients with iRBD (83.33±16.96) compared to HC (92.29±5.49, U = 390.00, Z = −2.218, p = .027, r = 0.246). Poorer hrQoL in patients with iRBD was linked to self-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep-wake disturbances, and a higher burden of autonomic symptoms (allr= -.25 to -.76, allp< .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed fatigue and depressive symptoms as significant predictors of poorer hrQoL in patients with iRBD (F(5.56) = 51.59,p< .001, adjustedR2= 0.81).ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of non-motor symptoms for hrQoL in prodromal PD, irrespective of motor symptoms. Fatigue and depressive symptoms arise as the most relevant therapeutic targets in the prodromal stage of PD to optimize the patient’s quality of life.
Automatic Population of the Case Report Forms for an International Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: King Andrew J. , Higgins Lisa , Au Carly , Malakouti Salim , Music Edvin , Kalchthaler Kyle , Clermont Gilles , Garrard William , Huang David T. , McVerry Bryan J. , Seymour Christopher W. , Linstrum Kelsey , McNamara Amanda , Green Cameron , Loar India , Roberts Tracey , Marroquin Oscar , Angus Derek C. , Horvat Christopher M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo automatically populate the case report forms (CRFs) for an international, pragmatic, multifactorial, response-adaptive, Bayesian COVID-19 platform trial.MethodsThe locations of focus included 27 hospitals and 2 large electronic health record (EHR) instances (1 Cerner Millennium and 1 Epic) that are part of the same health system in the United States. This paper describes our efforts to use EHR data to automatically populate four of the trial’s forms: baseline, daily, discharge, and response-adaptive randomization.ResultsBetween April 2020 and May 2022, 417 patients from the UPMC health system were enrolled in the trial. A MySQL-based extract, transform, and load pipeline automatically populated 499 of 526 CRF variables. The populated forms were statistically and manually reviewed and then reported to the trial’s international data coordinating center.ConclusionsWe accomplished automatic population of CRFs in a large platform trial and made recommendations for improving this process for future trials.
Isofagomine inhibits multiple TcdB variants and protects mice fromClostridioides difficileinduced mortality
Authors: Paparella Ashleigh S. , Brew Isabella , Hong Huynh A. , Ferriera William , Cutting Simon , Lamiable-Oulaidi Farah , Popadynec Michael , Tyler Peter C. , Schramm Vern L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClostridioides difficilecauses life-threatening diarrhea and is the leading cause of healthcare associated bacterial infections in the United States. During infection,C. difficilereleases the gut-damaging toxins, TcdA and TcdB, the primary determinants of disease pathogenesis and are therefore therapeutic targets. TcdA and TcdB contain a glycosyltransferase domain that uses UDP-glucose to glycosylate host Rho GTPases, causing cytoskeletal changes that result in a loss of intestinal integrity. Isofagomine inhibits TcdA and TcdB as a mimic of the oxocarbenium ion transition state of the glycosyltransferase reaction. However, sequence variants of TcdA and TcdB across the clades of infectiveC. difficilecontinue to be identified and therefore, evaluation of isofagomine inhibition against multiple toxin variants are required. Here we show that Isofagomine inhibits the glycosyltransferase activity of multiple TcdB variants and also protects TcdB toxin-induced cell rounding of the most common full-length toxin variants. Further, isofagomine protects againstC. difficileinduced mortality in two murine models ofC. difficileinfection. Isofagomine treatment of mouseC. difficileinfection permitted recovery of the gastrointestinal microbiota, an important barrier to prevent recurringC. difficileinfection. The broad specificity of isofagomine supports its potential as a prophylactic to protect againstC. difficileinduced morbidity and mortality.