bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omission of perioperative morphine reduces postoperative pain in proctological interventions: a single-center analysis
Authors: Haak Fabian , Nocera Fabio , Merlo Lorena , Dursunoglu Belma , Däster Silvio , Angehrn Fiorenzo V. , Steinemann Daniel C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is an increase in outpatient procedures and this trend will continue in the future. For hemorrhoidectomy, it is the standard of treatment in many health care systems. Perioperative management including adequate pain control is of paramount importance to ensure successful ambulatory surgery. This study investigates the role and effect of morphine compared to short-acting opiates applied before, during, or after proctological interventions and with focus on hemorrhoidectomy. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was conducted comparing two populations. The control cohort received morphine (Yes-Mô) intra- and postoperatively, while the intervention group did not receive morphine (No-Mô) between January 2018 and January 2020. Both cohorts were balanced by propensity score matching. The outcomes were postoperative pain measured by numeric ratings scale (NRS) one hour postoperatively, pain 24 h postoperatively, success rate of outpatient management, and complication rate including postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as urinary retention. The intervention population comprised 54 patients and the control group contained 79 patients. One hour after surgery, patients in No-Mô reported lower NRS (1.44 ± 1.41) compared to Yes-Mô (2.48 ± 2.30) (p = 0.029). However, there was no difference in NRS 24 h postoperatively (No-Mô: 1.61 ± 1.41 vs Yes-Mô: 1.63 ± 1.72; p = 0.738). 100% of No-Mô was managed as outpatients while only 50% of Yes-Mô was dismissed on the day of the operation (p = < 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative complications (including postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and urinary retention) between the two groups (PONV No-Mô 7.4% vs Yes-Mô 5.6%, p = 1.0 and urinary retention No-Mô 3.7% vs Yes-Mô 7.4%, p = 0.679). No-Mô received an oral morphine equivalent of 227.25 ± 140.35 mg intraoperatively and 11.02 ± 18.02 mg postoperatively. Yes-Mô received 263.17 ± 153.60 mg intraoperatively and 15.97 ± 14.17 mg postoperatively. The difference in received morphine equivalent between the groups was not significant after matching for the intraoperative (p = 0.212) and postoperative (p = 0.119) received equivalent. Omission of perioperative morphine is a viable but yet not understood method for reducing postoperative pain. Omission of morphine leads to a lower use of total morphine equivalent to attain satisfactory analgesia. The reduction of the overall opiate load and using opiates with a very short half-life potentially leads to a reduction of side effects like sedation. This in turn promotes discharge of the patient on the day of surgery. Omission of morphine is safe and does not increase postoperative complications.
Characteristics of microplastics in sediment of the Vaal River, South Africa: implications on bioavailability and toxicity
Authors: Saad D. , Ndlovu M. , Ramaremisa G. , Tutu H. , Sillanpää M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the physical characteristics and chemical composition of microplastics in sediments of the Vaal River, South Africa. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with abundance ranging from 29.12 to 1095.89 particles/kg dw. The physical identification of microplastics revealed dominance of small-sized particles of less than 0.5 mm, which accounted for 31.75% of the total microplastics detected in all samples. Fragments and fibres were significantly abundant compared to pellets, representing 63% and 35%, respectively. Microplastics were observed in different colours, among which blue, white and green were the most dominant. Raman analyses of microplastics showed the presence of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polyurethane foam, polypropylene, polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, and poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene). Additionally, two pigments (vine black and smalt), one dye (saffron), three minerals (orthoclase, carbon, and microcline), and one additive (cis-13-docosanol) were also identified. The dominance of fragments and fibres, with the clear signs of fragmentation implied that microplastics in the Vaal River are mostly from secondary sources. The study reported the first data on microplastic pollution and characteristics in sediments of the Vaal River, thus, providing a benchmark and reference platform for relevant formulation and decision-making regarding this essential water source.
Aortic Stenosis and Amyloidosis: Role of MRI and CT in the Diagnosis of a Sneaky Association
Authors: Costantini Pietro , Ostillio Eleonora , Groenhoff Léon , Leonetti Anna Carmen , Siani Agnese , De Zan Giulia , Guglielmo Marco , Carriero Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
In this narrative review, we focus on the latest updates on CA–AS diagnosis, the implementation of CMR, and CT in the diagnostic algorithm and their future prospectives.

Recent Findings
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease (VHD) worldwide. In recent years, the association between Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and AS has emerged as a not uncommon and sneaky association. Trans-thyretin (TTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) are the two most common different types of misfolded amyloid proteins infiltrating the heart. AS–CA shares some anatomical features with CA, but the association leads to worse outcome. Nearly 30% of patients undergoing TAVR suffers from CA. Differentiating CA–AS from lone AS is of great importance to tailorize pharmaceutical therapy and/or surgery. Nowadays, bone scintigraphy and urine/serum analyses are crucial to assess which type of amyloid excess there is, but to represent anatomical changes of the myocardium cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography cardiac angiography (CTCA), they are the best non-invasive tools. Moreover, extracellular expansion can be quantified via CMR, but new promising studies assessing extracellular volume (ECV) via CT are emerging. Furthermore, AS–CA is a sneaky pathology afflicting elderly patients. Seen the comorbidities of the typical patient, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) should be the indicated procedure. CT is the best imaging modality for TAVR planning with its excellent anatomical resolution.

Summary
CMR and CT could be integrated in the CA algorithm. Both can assess myocardium anatomical changes. Moreover, ECV is a precious tool to suggest the presence of amyloid in the myocardium.
A survey on willingness-to-pay for food quality and safety cues on packaging of meat: a case of Poland
Authors: Walaszczyk Anna , Kowalska Aleksandra , Staniec Iwona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince meat is an important source of protein needed for human development across the world, responsible production and consumption of meat products with a food quality and safety scheme label is one potential option to maintain social, economic and environmental sustainability. The implementation of this option depends on high willingness-to-pay (WTP) for certified safe foods among citizens. The overarching aim of the study is to examine WTP for national food quality and safety cues on the packaging of meat products. Using a questionnaire on-line survey of 1000 individuals, this study examines relationships between demographic variables and WTP for certified meat products. Relatively younger and higher-income consumers living in households composed of 4 and more members, which are the decision-makers of the future, are most willing to pay a premium price for guaranteed quality meat products. The strongest predictor of WTP for certified quality meat is the number of household members which can be related to children raising and care. A choice of guaranteed quality meat products is putting into practice “less but better” meat approach which tackle sustainable challenges of meat production and consumption regarding issues related to animal welfare, human health and environment.
How Male and Female Literary Authors Write About Affect Across Cultures and Over Historical Periods
Authors: Lettieri Giada , Handjaras Giacomo , Bucci Erika , Pietrini Pietro , Cecchetti Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA wealth of literature suggests the existence of sex differences in how emotions are experienced, recognized, expressed, and regulated. However, to what extent these differences result from the put in place of stereotypes and social rules is still a matter of debate. Literature is an essential cultural institution, a transposition of the social life of people but also of their intimate affective experiences, which can serve to address questions of psychological relevance. Here, we created a large corpus of literary fiction enriched by authors’ metadata to measure the extent to which culture influences how men and women write about emotion. Our results show that even though before the twenty-first century and across 116 countries women more than men have written about affect, starting from 2000, this difference has diminished substantially. Also, in the past, women’s narratives were more positively laden and less arousing. While the difference in arousal is ubiquitous and still present nowadays, sex differences in valence vary as a function of culture and have dissolved in recent years. Altogether, these findings suggest that historic evolution is associated with men and women writing similarly about emotions and reveal a sizable impact of culture on the affective characteristics of the lexicon.
Enhanced phenol removal by permanganate with biogas residue biochar: catalytic role of in-situ formation of manganese dioxide and activation of biochar
Authors: Li Dongyang , Xiao Yi , Xi Beidou , Gong Tiancheng , Zhang Ting , Huang Nannan , Li Wenxuan , Yang Tianxue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncreased biogas residue related to the rapid development of anaerobic fermentation has become an urgent environmental problem. The pyrolysis of biogas residue into biochar is one of the most promising treatments. In this study, biochar derived from biogas residue was prepared, and the degradation efficiency of phenol by permanganate (KMnO4) increased from 25.3% to 73.4% in 60 min in the presence of biogas residue biochar (BRB). KMnO4 reacted with BRB to produce intermediate manganese dioxide (MnO2), while BRB was activated. The specific surface area increased by 132.25%, and the oxygen-containing functional groups C=O, C−O, and COOH increased after the reaction. The generated MnO2 complexed with BRB to form MnO2@BRB. The newly formed MnO2@BRB catalyzed KMnO4 to remove phenol, which explains the high removal efficiency of phenol. A significant removal rate was also observed for antibiotics and chlorophenols, which suggested that the KMnO4/BRB system has a relatively high ability to oxidize organic pollutants. In addition, the co-existing metal ions and the natural environment had little influence on the removal efficiency of the KMnO4/BRB system. This work provides a novel technology for the resource utilization of biogas residue and improved organic pollutant removal efficiency of KMnO4 in the presence of BRB.
Graphical abstract
Participation, prediction, and publicity: avoiding the pitfalls of applying Rawlsian ethics to AI
Authors: Bay Morten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Given the popularity of John Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness as an ethical framework in the artificial intelligence (AI) field, this article examines how the theory fits with three different conceptual applications of AI technology. First, the article discusses a proposition by Ashrafian to let an AI agent perform the deliberation that produces a Rawlsian social contract governing humans. The discussion demonstrates the inviability of such an application as it contradicts foundational aspects of Rawls’ theories. An exploration of more viable applications of Rawlsian theory in the AI context follows, introducing the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic theoretical adherence, i.e., the difference between approaches integrating Rawlsian theory in the system design and those situating AI systems in Rawls-consistent policy/legislative frameworks. The article uses emerging AI legislation in the EU and the U.S. as well as Gabriel’s argument for adopting Rawls’ publicity criterion in the AI field as examples of extrinsic adherence to Rawlsian theory. A discussion of the epistemological challenges of predictive AI systems then illustrates some implications of intrinsic adherence to Rawlsian theory. While AI systems can make short-term predictions about human behavior with intrinsic adherence to Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness, long-term, large-scale predictions results do not adhere to the theory, but instead constitute the type of utilitarianism Rawls vehemently opposed. The article concludes with an overview of the implications of these arguments for policymakers and regulators.
Determining the risk factors of under-five morbidity in Bangladesh: a Bayesian logistic regression approach
Authors: Hossain Md. Ismail , Islam Md. Raisul , Saleheen Ahmed Abdus Saleh , Rahman Azizur , Zinia Faozia Afia , Urmy Umama Akter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Child morbidity prevents Bangladesh from reaching the target for the Sustainable Development Goals (target 3.2) despite the country’s success in reducing child mortality rates. As a result, it's crucial to consider a child's health-related issues. Therefore, this study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with under-five child morbidity in Bangladesh.

Methods
The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018, a secondary cross-sectional survey data, was used in this study, which collected information using a two-stage systematic sampling design. After association test, Bayesian estimation of binary logistic regression model was used to identify the significant risk factors of morbidity among under-five children, and a trace plot was used to try to figure out the convergence of simulation.

Results
According to the prevalence analysis of this study, it can be noted that more than one-thirds of under-five children in Bangladesh suffered from at least one of the child health-related problems, and of these, the highest prevalence of child morbidity was found in the Barisal division of Bangladesh (~ 42%). According to the Bayesian logistic regression results, higher child age and maternal education are associated with a potential decrease in the risk of child morbidity in Bangladesh. Again, male children had a 7% higher risk of morbidity than female children. Another finding was that underweight children suffered 31% more fever/diarrhea/ acute respiratory infection (ARI) related problems than others.

Conclusions
According to this study’s findings, child morbidity is still a significant issue in Bangladesh. Therefore, progress on risk factors, such as maternal education, child nutrition, etc., should be the focus of policymakers' intervention.
Modelling Lymph Propulsion in a 3D Model of Murine Collecting Vessel with Three Lymphangions in Series
Authors: Adeli Koudehi Ghazal , Silvera Delgado Carlos Alejandro , Van Impe Matthias , Cornillie Pieter , Casteleyn Christophe , Vanhove Christian , Debbaut Charlotte , Segers Patrick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe lymphatic system maintains tissue homeostasis by transporting the excess fluid from the interstitium and ultimately returning it to the venous circulation against an adverse pressure gradient and gravitational force. The spontaneous contractions of lymphangions, the building blocks of collecting vessels, and the secondary lymphatic valves play key roles in lymph propulsion. The aim of this study was to investigate lymph propulsion in a series of three contracting lymphangions in a 3D reconstructed model segmented from micro-CT scans of the collecting lymphatics in the hind limb of mice. Computational Fluid Dynamics and Fluid–Structure Interaction were used to study the behavior of flow within the collecting vessel, as well as the behavior and deformations of the vessel wall and the poroelastic interstitium. The secondary valves were modelled as porous membranes with closed or open states depending on their permeability. A sensitivity study revealed that the parameters having the most impact on the total volume of lymph propelled by active contraction of the lymphangions were the elastic modulus of the interstitium and the permeability of the secondary valves during the open states.
Medical imagery in Maximus of Tyre’s Orations
Authors: Xenophontos Sophia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImagery is an overarching feature of Maximus of Tyre’s Orations which has never been the subject of systematic investigation. This paper provides a starting point by focusing exclusively on medical imagery, one of the most pervasive and instrumental types of imagery in Maximus’ work that has gone entirely unnoticed in the literature to date. This paper shows that Maximus uses medicine (especially its scientific basis and historical development), the physician (e.g. his skill, provision and sensitivity towards the patient), the body (its physiology and workings) and notions of health and disease with considerable diversity and creativity, in ways that make his examples stand out in relation to earlier (Platonic) or contemporary applications of the medical parallel. It argues that the use of the medical imagery in the pedagogical context in which Maximus’ Orations were performed facilitated not just clarity but also concept formation and the shaping of a moral outlook as well as the familiarisation with the proper literary references and verbal and conceptual topoi for admission into the group of the educated elite. Another main thesis is that medical imagery valorises Maximus’ philosophical status and his claims to Imperial-period acculturation, thus functioning as a trademark for the rhetorical philosophy he wished to promote.
Energy landscapes and heat capacity signatures for peptides correlate with phase separation propensity
Authors: Nicy  , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana , Joseph Jerelle A. , Wales David J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhase separation plays an important role in the formation of membraneless compartments within the cell and intrinsically disordered proteins with low-complexity sequences can drive this compartmentalisation. Various intermolecular forces, such as aromatic–aromatic and cation–aromatic interactions, promote phase separation. However, little is known about how the ability of proteins to phase separate under physiological conditions is encoded in their energy landscapes and this is the focus of the present investigation. Our results provide a first glimpse into how the energy landscapes of minimal peptides that contain$ \pi $–$ \pi $and cation–$ \pi $interactions differ from the peptides that lack amino acids with such interactions. The peaks in the heat capacity ($ {C}_V $) as a function of temperature report on alternative low-lying conformations that differ significantly in terms of their enthalpic and entropic contributions. The$ {C}_V $analysis and subsequent quantification of frustration of the energy landscape suggest that the interactions that promote phase separation lead to features (peaks or inflection points) at low temperatures in$ {C}_V $. More features may occur for peptides containing residues with better phase separation propensity and the energy landscape is more frustrated for such peptides. Overall, this work links the features in the underlying single-molecule potential energy landscapes to their collective phase separation behaviour and identifies quantities ($ {C}_V $and frustration metric) that can be utilised in soft material design.
Political Rage and the Value of Valuing
Authors: Rapstine Mica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the question of political anger's non-instrumental justification. I argue that the case for anger is strong where anger expresses a valuable form of valuing the good. It does so only when properly integrated with non-angry emotional responsiveness to the good. The account allows us to acknowledge the non-instrumentally bad side of anger while still delivering the intuitive verdict that anger is often justified. Moreover, it provides an avenue for criticizing much of the anger run amok in contemporary political life without directly engaging entrenched moral and political views.
Real-world results of autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group database
Authors: Côté Julie , LeBlanc Richard , Mian Hira , Chu Michael P. , McCurdy Arleigh , Masih-Khan Esther , Su Jiandong , Jimenez-Zepeda Victor H. , Song Kevin , Louzada Martha , White Darrell , Sebag Michael , Reiman Anthony , Stakiw Julie , Kotb Rami , Bergstrom Debra , Aslam Muhammad , Kaedbey Rayan , Venner Christopher P. , Gul Engin , Reece Donna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAutologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains an important option for eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients as part of initial therapy. Using the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) national database, we examined the details and outcomes of ASCT performed as first-line therapy in eligible Canadian MM patients between 2007 to 2021. We included 3821 patients with 72% receiving CyBorD induction and 2061 patients receiving maintenance, consisting of lenalidomide +/- steroids in 78.3%. The median PFS and OS for patients given a single ASCT were 35.4 and 126 months. Those receiving a second induction regimen had significantly inferior outcomes, although when maintenance was used, results were comparable regardless of the number of induction regimens administered (median PFS 55.3 vs 51.1 months [p = 0.11]; median OS 158.6 vs not yet reached [p = 0.13]). Consolidation patients had a longer median PFS (55.3 vs 34.4 months [p = 0.001]), but no significant gain in median OS (p = 0.065). Patients who received lenalidomide-based maintenance experienced a median PFS of 53.7 months and OS of 159 months. In the multivariable analysis, use of any type of maintenance therapy vs no maintenance was associated with a lower risk of progression (HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.47-0.57)) and death (HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.51-0.67)). This real-world study demonstrates that, overall, first-line treatment sequence in transplant-eligible patients produces a median OS of ≥10 years. It also highlights the contribution of post-ASCT maintenance, particularly lenalidomide given until progression.