bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of symptoms in respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: psychometric evaluation of the Respiratory Infection Intensity and Impact Questionnaire™ symptom scores
Authors: Osborne Richard H. , Nelson Lauren M. , Fehnel Sheri , Williams Nicole , Bender Randall H. , Ziemiecki Ryan , Gymnopoulou Efi , De Paepe Els , Vandendijck Yannick , Norcross Lindsey , Heijnen Esther , Ispas Gabriela , Comeaux Christy , Callendret Benoit , Chan Eric K. H. , Scott Jane A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Respiratory Infection Intensity and Impact Questionnaire (RiiQ™) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess symptoms and impacts of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study evaluated the construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the RiiQ™ Respiratory and Systemic Symptoms Scale scores.

Methods
Prospective data were analyzed from a total of 1795 participants, including from non-hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and no coinfections enrolled in a Phase 2b RSV vaccine study (RSV-positive: n = 60; RSV-negative: n = 1615), and two observational studies of patients hospitalized with RSV (n = 20; n = 100). Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), construct validity correlations (between a clinician-assessed clinical questionnaire and the RiiQ™ symptoms scale), known-groups validity, and responsiveness (correlations of change scores) were evaluated.

Results
Mean patient age ranged from 66.5 to 71.5 years and the majority of patients were female. Initial assessments in the vaccine trial (ARI Day 1) were suggestive of less severe illness than in the observational studies with hospitalized patients. CFA loadings (> 0.40) supported summary scores. ICCs exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.70 supported test–retest reliability for Respiratory and Systemic Symptoms, except in the small observational study. At the scale level, correlations were moderate to strong (|r| ≥ 0.3) and positive between the Respiratory Symptoms Scale and the related clinical questionnaire scores, reflecting measurement of similar symptoms in support of convergent validity. Correlations with change in Patient Global Impression of Severity > 0.30 supported responsiveness.

Conclusions
Psychometric tests applied to the RiiQ™ Symptoms scales provide evidence of its reliability, construct validity, discriminating ability, and responsiveness for use in clinical studies to assess the onset and severity of RSV symptoms.
Potential health risk assessment through the consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in parts of the middle Gangetic plain
Authors: Jha Maya , Kumar Suresh , Singh T. B. N. , Srivastava S. K. , Azad Gajendra Kumar , Yasmin Shahla 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundArsenic toxicity in humans is well recognized. It has been classified as a class I human carcinogen by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Arsenic enters the human body mainly through drinking water, dermal contact, food chain, and inhalation. The Gangetic belt of India is considered as one of the most arsenic-affected sites in India. Health risk assessment of the human population exposed to arsenic in drinking water is important. The present study was conducted to assess the groundwater quality and associated health risks on the people of Samastipur district in the middle Gangetic belt of Bihar. Groundwater samples from 40 different study sites were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical properties of water.ResultsArsenic (> 0.01 mg/L) was present in 33% of the water samples analyzed. Subsequently, an assessment for carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic health risk (HQ) for children, females, and males in the study area was performed. Risk assessment showed that 100% of the population may be at carcinogenic health risk and 35% may be at non-carcinogenic health risk, and among these, children were at maximum risk. Furthermore, the computational assessment of the arsenic–protein interactome revealed the enrichment of cancer-related pathways.ConclusionsIt is recommended to provide arsenic-free alternate sources of water in the study area.
PosFuzz: augmenting greybox fuzzing with effective position distribution
Authors: Zou Yanyan , Zou Wei , Zhao JiaCheng , Zhong Nanyu , Zhang Yu , Shi Ji , Huo Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutation-based greybox fuzzing has been one of the most prevalent techniques for security vulnerability discovery and a great deal of research work has been proposed to improve both its efficiency and effectiveness. Mutation-based greybox fuzzing generates input cases by mutating the input seed, i.e., applying a sequence of mutation operators to randomly selected mutation positions of the seed. However, existing fruitful research work focuses on scheduling mutation operators, leaving the schedule of mutation positions as an overlooked aspect of fuzzing efficiency. This paper proposes a novel greybox fuzzing method, PosFuzz, that statistically schedules mutation positions based on their historical performance. PosFuzz makes use of a concept of effective position distribution to represent the semantics of the input and to guide the mutations. PosFuzz first utilizes Good-Turing frequency estimation to calculate an effective position distribution for each mutation operator. It then leverages two sampling methods in different mutating stages to select the positions from the distribution. We have implemented PosFuzz on top of AFL, AFLFast and MOPT, called Pos-AFL, -AFLFast and -MOPT respectively, and evaluated them on the UNIFUZZ benchmark (20 widely used open source programs) and LAVA-M dataset. The result shows that, under the same testing time budget, the Pos-AFL, -AFLFast and -MOPT outperform their counterparts in code coverage and vulnerability discovery ability. Compared with AFL, AFLFast, and MOPT, PosFuzz gets 21% more edge coverage and finds 133% more paths on average. It also triggers 275% more unique bugs on average.
Extent of routine diagnostic cardiac work-up at certified German stroke units participating in the prospective MonDAFIS study
Authors: Olma Manuel C. , Tütüncü Serdar , Grittner Ulrike , Kunze Claudia , Jawad-Ul-Qamar Muhammad , Kirchhof Paulus , Röther Joachim , Thomalla Götz , Veltkamp Roland , Laufs Ulrich , Nabavi Darius G. , Heuschmann Peter U. , Endres Matthias , Haeusler Karl Georg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
About 25% of all ischaemic strokes are related to cardio-embolism, most often due to atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the extent and standardization of routine cardiac diagnostic work-up at certified stroke-units in Germany.

Methods
The MonDAFIS study included non-AF patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) at 38 certified stroke-units in Germany. Here, we analysed routine diagnostic work-up and disregarded study-related Holter-ECG monitoring. We compared duration of stroke-unit stay, number of 24-h Holter-ECGs, and echocardiography performed between university-based comprehensive stroke centres (UCSC, 12 hospitals, 1606 patients), non university-based comprehensive stroke centres (nUCSC, 14 hospitals, 892 patients), and primary stroke centres at non-university hospitals (PCS, 12 hospitals, 933 patients) using multivariable mixed regression analyses. Detection of a first AF episode in-hospital was also compared between hospitals of different stroke-unit levels.

Results
In 3431 study patients (mean age 66.2 years, 39.5% female, median NIHSS = 2 on admission), median duration of the stroke-unit stay was 72 h (IQR 42–86). Stroke-unit stay was longer (categorised ≤ 24/ > 24- ≤ 72/ > 72 h) for patients with severe stroke (NIHSS score ≥ 5/ < 5: OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.3–2.0) and for patients with ischaemic stroke vs. TIA (OR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.4–2.1). Overall, 2149/3396 (63.3%) patients underwent at least one additional 24-h Holter-ECG (median 1 [IQR 0–1], range 0–7). Holter-ECG rate was 47% in UCSC, 71% in nUCSC, and 84% in PCS. Compared to PCS, AF was less often detected in-hospital in UCSC (OR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.45–0.93) and nUCSC (OR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.46–1.04). Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) only was performed in 513/3391 (15.1%) study patients, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) only in 1228/3391 (36.2%), and TEE combined with TTE in 1020/3391 (30.1%) patients. Patients younger than 60 years (vs. ≥ 60 years) underwent TEE more often than those older than 60 years (OR = 3.44, 95%CI 2.67–4.42). TEE (IQR 34–65%) and TTE rate (IQR 40–85%) varied substantially among study centres. Echocardiography rate (TTE and/or TEE) was 74.0% in UCSC, 85.4% in nUCSC, and 90.3% in PSC, respectively.

Conclusions
In the MonDAFIS study, the routine use of echocardiography and Holter-ECG monitoring varied in participating stroke centres and at stroke-unit level, if grouped according to stroke-unit certification grade and hospitals´ university status.
Trial registration Clinical Trials, NCT02204267. Registered 30 July 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02204267.
Design and implementation of ParkinsonAKTIV: an interventional study to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel online platform to guide quickcard-based treatment decisions
Authors: Achtert Katharina , Huchtemann Tessa , Altendorf Maria , Kerkemeyer Linda , Haring Malte , Lummer Carina , Frenz Lena , Becking Theresa , Friedmann Jonas , Mildner Philip , Schwarze Katharina , Steinhaus Lars , Amelung Volker , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) require an all-encompassing and individualized care including pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological treatment approaches, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech and swallowing therapy. ParkinsonAKTIV is an innovative, multidisciplinary, and comprehensive approach to guide this non-pharmacological PD treatment in northwestern Germany. Its online communication platform called JamesAKTIV has been developed to enhance and standardize PD healthcare professionals’ communication. The implementation of ParkinsonAKTIV and JamesAKTIV is accompanied through a detailed process evaluation and to gather evidence on the impact on patient-related outcomes, such as health-related quality of life and healthcare costs for people with PD through an effectiveness evaluation.

Methods
The study design contains two parts: (1) first, a quantitative effectiveness evaluation is conducted utilizing a prospective quasi-experimental approach with a control group which examines PD patient’s health-related quality of life and physician-assessed PD patient’s health status (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale). Moreover, a health economic evaluation of the ParkinsonAKTIV intervention is conducted using patient-reported outcomes and cost data as well as routine data from a statutory health insurance. (2) Second, a mixed-methods process evaluation among healthcare professionals, which examines the feasibility and potential barriers and facilitators of ParkinsonAKTIV for routine care, is performed. Quantitative results from a social network analysis and a survey among healthcare professionals will be triangulated with data from qualitative stakeholder interviews and focus group discussions.

Perspective
Findings are expected to provide evidence of an increase in quality of life of patients with PD, less severe PD symptoms, and a better ability to participate in activities of daily living. ParkinsonAKTIV has the potential of increasing PD patients’ quality of care through sufficient and more tailored prescription of non-pharmacological therapies. It is anticipated that ParkinsonAKTIV will improve communication among health professionals. Results from the ParkinsonAKTIV study will provide first practice-oriented evidence and a roadmap for implementation of an online tool for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary care PD network for patients and their caregivers in routine care in Germany.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: registration number NCT05251298 (retrospectively registered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05251298).
Effect of cartilaginous rings in tracheal flow with stenosis
Authors: Bocanegra Evans Humberto , Segnini Jose Montoya , Doosttalab Ali , Cordero Joehassin , Castillo Luciano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn respiratory fluid dynamics research, it is typically assumed that the wall of the trachea is smooth. However, the trachea is structurally supported by a series of cartilaginous rings that create undulations on the wall surface, which introduce perturbations into the flow. Even though many studies use realistic Computer Tomography (CT) scan data to capture the complex geometry of the respiratory system, its limited spatial resolution does not resolve small features, including those introduced by the cartilaginous rings.ResultsHere we present an experimental comparison of two simplified trachea models with Grade II stenosis (70% blockage), one with smooth walls and second with cartilaginous rings. The use a unique refractive index-matching method provides unprecedented optical access and allowed us to perform non-intrusive velocity field measurements close to the wall (e.g., Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)). Measurements were performed in a flow regime comparable to a resting breathing state (Reynolds number ReD = 3350). The cartilaginous rings induce velocity fluctuations in the downstream flow, enhancing the near-wall transport of momentum flux and thus reducing flow separation in the downstream flow. The maximum upstream velocity in the recirculation region is reduced by 38%, resulting in a much weaker recirculation zone— a direct consequence of the cartilaginous rings.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of the cartilaginous rings in respiratory flow studies and the mechanism to reduce flow separation in trachea stenosis.
Bacterial symbiont diversity in Arctic seep Oligobrachia siboglinids
Authors: Sen Arunima , Tanguy Gwenn , Galand Pierre E. , Andersen Ann C. , Hourdez Stéphane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
High latitude seeps are dominated by Oligobrachia siboglinid worms. Since these worms are often the sole chemosymbiotrophic taxon present (they host chemosynthetic bacteria within the trophosome organ in their trunk region), a key question in the study of high latitude seep ecology has been whether they harbor methanotrophic symbionts. This debate has manifested due to the mismatch between stable carbon isotope signatures of the worms (lower than -50‰ and usually indicative of methanotrophic symbioses) and the lack of molecular or microscopic evidence for methanotrophic symbionts. Two hypotheses have circulated to explain this paradox: (1) the uptake of sediment carbon compounds with depleted δC13 values from the seep environment, and (2) a small, but significant and difficult to detect population of methanotrophic symbionts. We conducted 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 regions on two species of northern seep Oligobrachia (Oligobrachia webbi and Oligobrachia sp. CPL-clade), from four different high latitude sites, to investigate the latter hypothesis. We also visually checked the worms’ symbiotic bacteria within the symbiont-hosting organ, the trophosome, through transmission electron microscopy.

Results
The vast majority of the obtained reads corresponded to sulfide-oxidizers and only a very small proportion of the reads pertained to methane-oxidizers, which suggests a lack of methanotrophic symbionts. A number of sulfur oxidizing bacterial strains were recovered from the different worms, however, host individuals tended to possess a single strain, or sometimes two closely-related strains. However, strains did not correspond specifically with either of the two Oligobrachia species we investigated. Water depth could play a role in determining local sediment bacterial communities that were opportunistically taken up by the worms. Bacteria were abundant in non-trophosome (and thereby symbiont-free) tissue and are likely epibiotic or tube bacterial communities.

Conclusions
The absence of methanotrophic bacterial sequences in the trophosome of Arctic and north Atlantic seep Oligobrachia likely indicates a lack of methanotrophic symbionts in these worms, which suggests that nutrition is sulfur-based. This is turn implies that sediment carbon uptake is responsible for the low δ13C values of these animals. Furthermore, endosymbiotic partners could be locally determined, and possibly only represent a fraction of all bacterial sequences obtained from tissues of these (and other) species of frenulates.
Diversity of Indonesian offal-based dishes
Authors: Prastowo Indro , Nurusman Arief Abdillah , Moro Hendro Kusumo Eko Prasetyo , Rizkianti  , Dewi Cyntia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndonesia is a home to diverse ethnicities and cultures that have influenced its culinary tradition. Moreover, Indonesian culinary tradition is shaped by the country’s wealth of natural resources, one of which is offal (including tripe, lung, intestine, liver, and so on). The utilization of offal has created myriad recipes of offal-based dishes (OBDs), resulting in a culinary diversity across the nation. Therefore, this article aimed to identify and create a culinary profile of Indonesian OBDs based on geographical distribution. To strengthen this culinary profile, historical creations of Indonesian OBDs were also elucidated. For centuries, Indonesian OBDs have been shaped by several factors, such as natural resources, history, religio-cultural, and economic backgrounds. For instance, specialties such asmomoh(braised offal) from Central Java andpallubasa(coconut milk-based offal soup) from South Sulawesi were developed due to religio-cultural and economic reasons, respectively. Although 139 Indonesian OBDs are widely distributed across 23 Indonesian provinces, the foods are mostly concentrated in West Sumatra (31 dishes), Central Java (18 dishes), and East Java (14 dishes). Furthermore, intestine, liver, and tripe are the most commonly used types of offal as utilized in over 40 dishes; while cattle, water buffalo, and chicken are the most utilized sources of offal. Meanwhile, pig offal is only used in the non-Muslim regions of Indonesia. The creation of Indonesian OBDs is also influenced by foreign cultures. For example,gulai tambusu(intestine curry) from West Sumatra,rabeg(Bantenese-styled mutton curry) from Banten,babat gongso(stir-fried cattle tripe) from Central Java, and the ubiquitoussop buntut(oxtail soup) demonstrate Indian, Arabian, Chinese, and colonial influences, respectively. However, OBD such assaksang(pork stewed in pig blood), which originated from Batak ethnic group, retains the native culinary features. Additionally, OBDs recipes involve several spices, herbs, and other ingredients that can maintain and improve their organoleptic attributes.
Predicting 30-day readmission following total knee arthroplasty using machine learning and clinical expertise applied to clinical administrative and research registry data in an Australian cohort
Authors: Gould Daniel J. , Bailey James A. , Spelman Tim , Bunzli Samantha , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Thirty-day readmission is an increasingly important problem for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model using machine learning and clinical insight for 30-day readmission in primary TKA patients.

Method
Data used to train and internally validate a multivariable predictive model were obtained from a single tertiary referral centre for TKA located in Victoria, Australia. Hospital administrative data and clinical registry data were utilised, and predictors were selected through systematic review and subsequent consultation with clinicians caring for TKA patients. Logistic regression and random forest models were compared to one another. Calibration was evaluated by visual inspection of calibration curves and calculation of the integrated calibration index (ICI). Discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).

Results
The models developed in this study demonstrated adequate calibration for use in the clinical setting, despite having poor discriminative performance. The best-calibrated readmission prediction model was a logistic regression model trained on administrative data using risk factors identified from systematic review and meta-analysis, which are available at the initial consultation (ICI = 0.012, AUC-ROC = 0.589). Models developed to predict complications associated with readmission also had reasonable calibration (ICI = 0.012, AUC-ROC = 0.658).

Conclusion
Discriminative performance of the prediction models was poor, although machine learning provided a slight improvement. The models were reasonably well calibrated, meaning they provide accurate patient-specific probabilities of these outcomes. This information can be used in shared clinical decision-making for discharge planning and post-discharge follow up.
An understanding of falling bodies across schooling and experience based on the conceptual prevalence framework
Authors: Potvin Patrice , Chastenay Pierre , Thibault François , Riopel Martin , Ahr Emmanuel , Brault Foisy Lorie-Marlène 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we describe a study conducted online with 953 participants of varying levels of education and, when applicable, science/physics teaching experience. These participants were asked to solve a cognitive task in which many different pairs of objects were presented and to identify which, if any, would touch the ground first when dropped (in atmospheric or non-atmospheric environments). Recorded accuracies and response times allowed us to conduct an analysis based on the conceptual prevalence framework, which posits that the coexistence of conceptual and/or misconceptual resources can produce interference in response production. The results show that the influence of some of them decreases or, more surprisingly, increases with training. In fact, secondary and college physics teachers seem to cultivate some of them, and most likely have contributed to their spread. The implications for teaching and research are discussed.