bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omicron subvariant BA.5 is highly contagious but containable: Successful experience from Macau
Authors: Xu Cong , Wang Jue , Yu Lili , Sui Xinbing , Wu Qibiao 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDue to its high transmissibility and immune escape, Omicron subvariant BA.5 has become the dominant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and led to escalating COVID-19 cases, how to cope with it becomes an urgent issue. A BA.5 infection surge burst out on 18 June 2022 and brought an unprecedented challenge to Macau, the most densely populated region worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of this outbreak and summarize the useful anti-epidemic measures and experiences during this outbreak.MethodsAll data were obtained from the Government Portal of Macao SAR (https://www.gov.mo), and the Special Webpage Against Epidemics, the Macao Health Bureau (www.ssm.gov.mo). An epidemiologic study was performed to analyze epidemic outcomes, including the infection rate, the proportion of symptomatic cases, the case fatality ratio (CFR), etc. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The anti-epidemic measures and experience were reviewed and summarized.ResultsThe BA.5 outbreak resulted in 1,821 new cases, which was significantly more than the cumulative cases of the previous variants of COVID-19 in Macau. The symptomatic cases accounted for 38.71% of the total cases, which was higher than that of the previous variants. After 6-week concerted efforts, Macau effectively controlled the outbreak, with an infection rate of 0.27%, which was much lower than many BA.5-attacked regions. The CFR was approximately 0.86%, which was not statistically different from that of previous variants. Six victims were chronically ill senior elders and their vaccination rate was much lower than the average level. Macau took a comprehensive anti-epidemic strategy to win a quick victory against BA.5, especially the “relatively static” strategy that was first formulated and applied by Macau for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful experience showed that although BA.5 was highly contagious, it could be contained by comprehensive anti-epidemic measures, including adequate anti-epidemic preparation, herd immunity through vaccination, repeated mass nucleic acid tests and rapid antigen tests, KN-95 mask mandate, the “relatively static” strategy, precise prevention and control, epidemiological investigation and tracing, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, etc.DiscussionIn Macau, compared with the previous subvariants, BA.5 is associated with increased transmissibility and a higher proportion of symptomatic cases, however, the risk of death remains similar, and the infection rate is much lower than that in many other BA.5-attacked regions. BA.5 is highly contagious but still containable, Macau's experience may offer hints for the regions experiencing the BA.5 waves to choose or adjust a more rational anti-epidemic strategy.
Associations between work-related variables and workplace violence among Chinese medical staff: A comparison between physical and verbal violence
Authors: Sun Long , Zhang Wen , Cao Aihua 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) against medical staff has been an important public health and societal problem worldwide. Although numerous studies have implied the differences between physical violence (PV) and verbal violence (VV) against medical staff, few studies were conducted to analyze the different associations between work-related variables, PV, and VV, especially in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese medical staff in public hospitals, and 3,426 medical staff were interviewed and analyzed. WPV, including PV and VV, were evaluated by the self-report of the medical staff. Work-related variables, physical disease, depression, and social-demographic variables were also measured. The work-related variables included types of medical staff, professional titles, hospital levels, managers, working years, job changing, working hours/week, night duty times/week, monthly income, self-reported working environment, and social position. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the factors associated with PV and VV.ResultsA total of 489 medical staff (23.0%) reported the experience of PV and 1,744 (50.9%) reported the experience of VV. Several work-related variables were associated with PV and VV, including nurse (OR = 0.56 for PV, p &lt; 0.01; OR = 0.76 for VV, p &lt; 0.05), manager (OR = 1.86 for PV, p &lt; 0.01; OR = 1.56 for VV, p &lt; 0.001), night duty frequency/week (OR = 1.06 for PV, p &lt; 0.01; OR = 1.03 for VV, p &lt; 0.01), bad working environment (OR = 2.73 for PV, p &lt; 0.001; OR = 3.52 for VV, p &lt; 0.001), averaged working environment (OR = 1.51 for PV, p &lt; 0.05; OR = 1.55 for VV, p &lt; 0.001), and bad social position (OR = 4.21 for PV, p &lt; 0.001; OR = 3.32 for VV, p &lt; 0.001). Working years (OR = 1.02, p &lt; 0.05), job changing (OR = 1.33, p &lt; 0.05), and L2 income level (OR = 1.33, p &lt; 0.01) were positively associated with VV, but the associations were not supported for PV (all p&gt;0.05). The other associated factors were male gender (OR = 1.97 for PV, p &lt; 0.001; OR = 1.28 for VV, p &lt; 0.05) and depression (OR = 1.05 for PV, p &lt; 0.001; OR = 1.04 for VV, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionBoth PV and VV were positively associated with work-related variables, such as doctor, manager, more night duty frequency, perceived bad working environment, or social position. Some variables were only associated with VV, such as working years, job changing, and monthly income. Some special strategies for the work-related variables should be applied for controlling PV and VV.
A national cross-sectional analysis of selenium intake and risk of osteoarthritis: NHANES 2003–2016
Authors: Deng Xiaoyu , Tan Yongqiong 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe association between dietary selenium intake and arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA) is inconsistent in previous studies and remain unclear. To investigate their relationship, this study was performed.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016) were downloaded and further analyzed. Dietary Se intake was classified according to quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1) having the lowest intake and quartile 4 (Q4) having the highest intake. Weighted logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and arthritis, RA, and OA. Subgroup analyses were performed to verify the findings. To further examine the non-linear relationship between dietary selenium intake and OA, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was adopted.ResultsIn the crude model, the highest level of dietary selenium intake was siginificantly associated with decreased risks of arthritis (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.44) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.54), respectively. In the fully adjusted model, dietary selenium intake was not associated with risk of arthritis and RA (all P &gt; 0.05). Conversely, the risk of OA was noted for participants with higher selenium intake (odds ratio of quartile 4 = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.65, P &lt; 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, participants with diabetes had a higher risk of OA when ingested high selenium levels than those without diabetes (P &lt; 0.001). The results of RCS showed that significant overall trends were found between dietary selenium intake and osteoarthritis (P for overall &lt; 0.05). However, non-linear association was not detected in this association (P for non-linear &gt; 0.05).ConclusionUsing data from NHANES, this study discloses that high dietary selenium intake might be associated with risk of OA. However, the generalization of conclusion needs further examination because of the limitation of dietary questionnaire survey.
Occupational injuries and contributing factors among industry park construction workers in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Sineshaw Enawgaw , Shifera Nigusie 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundConstruction business is currently the second greatest source of injuries in Ethiopia after automotive accidents, with a risk of fatality that is five times higher than that of other industrial sectors. To establish measures for injury prevention, it is crucial to assess the severity of occupational injuries and identify the variables that contribute to them. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with occupational injuries among Bure Industrial Park construction workers, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 372 construction workers at Bure Industrial Park. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and work environment observation using structured checklist. In the descriptive statistic, frequencies, proportion, and mean were calculated and the results of the analysis were presented in text and tables. The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify independent factors having associations with the occurrence of occupational injury.ResultsThe overall prevalence of occupational injuries among Bure industrial park construction workers was 39.4%, 95%C.I (34.4%-44.4%). Factors such as sex (being male) [AOR = 1.74, 95%CI (1.02–2.97)], being married [AOR = 2.79, 95%CI (1.50–5.17)], no use of personal protective equipment [AOR = 1.67, 95%CI (1.12–2.85)], no training on occupational safety [AOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.06–2.98)], and not satisfied with the job [AOR = 5.97, 95%CI (3.48–10.2)] were the factors associated with occupational injuries.Conclusion and recommendationThe finding shows the public health importance of occupational injury among construction workers in the study area. Numerous factors have been linked to workplace injuries, including sex, marital status, the usage of personal protection equipment, training in occupational safety, and job satisfaction. As a result, in order to lower the rate of occupational injury, employers should prioritize offering safety training, encouraging the use of personal protective equipment while working, conducting routine workplace inspections, and ensuring that their staff members are happy at work by providing comfortable workspaces.
Anticipating Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression in young adult with first episode of depression using childhood trauma and personality
Authors: Liu Jiali , Wang Yuanyuan , Wilson Amanda , Chen Hui , Liu Peiqu , Chen Xianliang , Tang Huajia , Luo Chenyuli , Tian Yusheng , Wang Xiaoping , Cao Xia , Zhou Jiansong 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveRelevant research focusing on young adults with Unipolar Depression (UD) and Bipolar Depression (BD) is limited. The current research aims to investigate childhood trauma and personality traits in young adults with UD and BD.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-five patients in a first depressive episode (diagnosed UD and BD), 16–25 years old, were recruited from Second Xiangya Hospital. And 79 healthy controls (HC) were recruited from the community to form the comparison group. Patients' childhood trauma was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and personality was measured by Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare depression, anxiety, CTQ, and EPI scores between the HC (n = 79), UD (n = 131), and BD (n = 104) groups. Factors independently associated with mood disorders and BD were determined using binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsCompared with HC, mood disorders had more severe anxiety and depression symptoms, and higher CTQ. Emotional abuse (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08–2.01), emotional neglect (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.05–1.46), and neuroticism (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.16–1.35) were associated with significantly increased odds of mood disorders. Whereas, higher extraversion scores were a protective factor for mood disorders. Compared with UD, BD had more severe anxiety symptoms, and higher CTQ, than extraversion and neuroticism personality scores. Anxiety (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02–1.08) and extraversion (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03–1.09) were associated with significantly increased odds of BD.ConclusionInterventions to prevent childhood trauma may improve young adults' mental health. Using childhood trauma and personality to anticipate BD and UD creates more accurate treatment for young adults with first depression.
Internet addiction and suicidal behavior among vocational high school students in Hunan Province, China: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Teng Ziwei , Zhang Yaru , Wei Zirou , Liu Mengdong , Tang Meidai , Deng Yizhi , Chen Zhuohui , Wu Ying , Liu Runqi , Yang Yuanguang , Gao Menghui , Kun Jin , Chen Jindong , Wu Renrong , Huang Jing 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundVocational education is an important part of high school education in China. However, there is little research on high school students' mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behavior (SB) among this population and the mediating role of insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and SB using a structural equation model.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among several vocational high school students in Hunan Province, and 7,968 valid questionnaires were obtained. General demographic data and data from the Dual-Mode Self-Control Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress scale-21, and Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale were collected. A structural equation model was used to explore the different pathways from IA to SB.ResultsAmong the participants, 37.7, 15.7, and 21.8% reported suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, respectively. The structural equation model confirmed that IA was indirectly related to SB and was mediated by insomnia and/or depression, anxiety, and stress.LimitationsFirst, we only recruited students from vocational schools in Hunan Province, therefore, the sample may not represent the entire population of vocational students in China. Second, self-report scales were used in this study, and clinical diagnosis required professional interviews. Third, since this study had a cross-sectional design, the causal relationship between the variables could not be determined.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SB among vocational high school students in China was significantly high. The prevention of SB related to IA can be attributed to the improvement of insomnia and emotional problems.
The mediating role of executive function in the relationship between self-stigma and self-injury or suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men living with HIV
Authors: Li Yixuan , Xiao Xueling , Zhou Yaqin , Su Xinyi , Wang Honghong 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV suffer from psychosocial pressures and marginalization as a result of being HIV-positive and belonging to a sexual minority group, and self-injury or suicidal ideation are prevalent among this group. Studies have found that both perceived self-stigma and altered executive function is related to self-injury or suicidal ideation. However, the combined contribution of self-stigma and executive function to self-injury or suicidal ideation remains unclear, especially in MSM living with HIV. Therefore, this study is conducted to explore the mechanism of self-injury or suicidal ideation by hypothesizing that executive function plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-stigma and self-injury or suicidal ideation.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 448 MSM living with HIV who were recruited in the HIV clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Changsha, China, from November 2021 to February 2022. A questionnaires survey was adopted to collect sociodemographic and disease-related information and data related to executive function (including working memory, inhibition, and task monitoring), self-stigma, and self-injury or suicidal ideation. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap testing were used to investigate the potential mediating role of executive function in the relationship between self-stigma and suicidal ideation.ResultsThe participants were aged 18–76 years. Those who had ever had self-injury or suicidal ideation accounted for 32.8% of the total. A higher level of self-stigma and poorer executive function were associated with more frequent self-injury or suicidal ideation (p &lt; 0.01). The mediation model analysis showed a good fit (x2/df = 1.07, p = 0.381). The direct effect of self-stigma on self-injury or suicidal ideation (β = 0.346, p &lt; 0.001) and the indirect effect of self-stigma via executive function (β = 0.132, p &lt; 0.001) were significant, with the indirect effect accounting for 27.6% of the total effect.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that executive function mediates the relationship between self-stigma and self-injury or suicidal ideation among MSM living with HIV. It suggests that future studies targeting enhancing executive function and decreasing self-stigma may reduce self-injury or suicidal ideation among MSM living with HIV.
Statistical analysis, source apportionment, and toxicity of particulate- and gaseous-phase PAHs in the urban atmosphere
Authors: Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Zughaibi Torki A. , Alharthy Saif A. , Al-Asmari Ahmed I. , Rahman Shakilur 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe concentrations of particulate and gaseous Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Carbon (PAHs) were determined in the urban atmosphere of Delhi in different seasons (winter, summer, and monsoon).MethodologyThe samples were collected using instrument air metric (particulate phase) and charcoal tube (gaseous phase) and analyzed through Gas chromatography. The principal component and correlation were used to identify the sources of particulate and gaseous PAHs during different seasons.Results and discussionThe mean concentration of the sum of total PAHs (TPAHs) for particulate and gaseous phases at all the sites were found to be higher in the winter season (165.14 ± 50.44 ng/m3 and 65.73 ± 16.84 ng/m3) than in the summer season (134.08 ± 35.0 ng/m3 and 43.43 ± 9.59 ng/m3), whereas in the monsoon season the concentration was least (68.15 ± 18.25 ng/m3 and 37.63 1 13.62 ng/m3). The principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that seasonal variations of PAHs accounted for over 86.9%, 84.5%, and 94.5% for the summer, monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The strong and positive correlation coefficients were observed between B(ghi)P and DahA (0.922), B(a)P and IcdP (0.857), and B(a)P and DahA (0.821), which indicated the common source emissions of PAHs. In addition to this, the correlation between Nap and Flu, Flu and Flt, B(a)P, and IcdP showed moderate to high correlation ranging from 0.68 to 0.75 for the particulate phase PAHs. The carcinogenic health risk values for gaseous and particulate phase PAHs at all sites were calculated to be 4.53 × 10−6, 2.36 × 10-5 for children, and 1.22 × 10−5, 6.35 × 10−5 for adults, respectively. The carcinogenic health risk for current results was found to be relatively higher than the prescribed standard of the Central Pollution Control Board, India (1.0 × 10−6).
Automation of classification of sleep stages and estimation of sleep efficiency using actigraphy
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Kim Dongsin , Oh Junhyoung 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSleep is a fundamental and essential physiological process for recovering physiological function. Sleep disturbance or deprivation has been known to be a causative factor of various physiological and psychological disorders. Therefore, sleep evaluation is vital for diagnosing or monitoring those disorders. Although PSG (polysomnography) has been the gold standard for assessing sleep quality and classifying sleep stages, PSG has various limitations for common uses. In substitution for PSG, there has been vigorous research using actigraphy.MethodsFor classifying sleep stages automatically, we propose machine learning models with HRV (heart rate variability)-related features and acceleration features, which were processed from the actigraphy (Maxim band) data. Those classification results were transformed into a binary classification for estimating sleep efficiency. With 30 subjects, we conducted PSG, and they slept overnight with wrist-type actigraphy. We assessed the performance of four proposed machine learning models.ResultsWith HRV-related and raw features of actigraphy, Cohen's kappa was 0.974 (p &lt; 0.001) for classifying sleep stages into five stages: wake (W), REM (Rapid Eye Movement) (R), Sleep N1 (Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stage 1, S1), Sleep N2 (Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stage 2, S2), Sleep N3 (Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stage 3, S3). In addition, our machine learning model for the estimation of sleep efficiency showed an accuracy of 0.86.DiscussionOur model demonstrated that automated sleep classification results could perfectly match the PSG results. Since models with acceleration features showed modest performance in differentiating some sleep stages, further research on acceleration features must be done. In addition, the sleep efficiency model demonstrated modest results. However, an investigation into the effects of HRV-derived and acceleration features is required.
Association of habitually low intake of dietary selenium with new-onset stroke: A retrospective cohort study (2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey)
Authors: Zhang Huanxiang , Qiu Hongbin , Wang Shanjie , Zhang Yiying 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAs an essential trace element in the body, selenium is associated with the development of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between dietary selenium intake and new-onset stroke risk in Chinese adults.MethodsAdults aged ≥18 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2004 to 2015 were enrolled. Participants were divided into five groups according to the quintile of dietary selenium intake: Q1 (≤ 29.80 μg/day), Q2 (29.80–38.53 μg/day), Q3 (38.53–47.23 μg/day), Q4 (47.23–60.38 μg/day), Q 5(&gt;60.38 μg/day). Cox proportional-hazards model was used to explore the effect of dietary selenium on new-onset stroke. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visualize the dose-response relationship between dietary selenium and the risk of morbidity.ResultsA total of 11,532 subjects were included, and 271 (2.35%) of them developed stroke during a mean follow-up of 6.78 person-years. Compared with the lowest selenium intake group, the HR and 95%CI of stroke in the participants with selenium intake of Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 were: 0.85 (0.59, 1.21), 0.62 (0.42, 0.92), 0.43 (0.28, 0.68), 0.49 (0.30, 0.82), respectively. There was an L-shaped relationship between dietary selenium and stroke (nonlinear P-value = 0.0420). The HR and 95%CI of developing stroke was 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) in participants with selenium intake ≤ 60 μg/day.ConclusionsThe L-shaped negative association between dietary selenium and stroke in Chinese adults which indicated that dietary selenium should be improved to a certain level to prevent stroke.