bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of cerebral spinal fluid protein biomarkers in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1
Authors: Campbell Kiersten , Cawley Niamh X. , Luke Rachel , Scott Katelin E. J. , Johnson Nicholas , Farhat Nicole Y. , Alexander Derek , Wassif Christopher A. , Li Wenping , Cologna Stephanie M. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Do An Dang , Dale Ryan K. , Porter Forbes D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNiemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is an ultrarare, recessive, lethal, lysosomal disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and cognitive impairment. Although the NPC1 phenotype is heterogeneous with variable age of onset, classical NPC1 is a pediatric disorder. Currently there are no therapies approved by the FDA and therapeutics trials for NPC1 are complicated by disease rarity, heterogeneity, and the relatively slow rate of neurological decline. Thus, identification of disease relevant biomarkers is necessary to provide tools that can support drug development efforts for this devastating neurological disease.MethodsProximal extension assays (O-link® Explore 1536) were used to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from individuals with NPC1 enrolled in a natural history study and non-NPC1 comparison samples. Relative expression levels of 1467 proteins were determined, and candidate protein biomarkers were identified by evaluating fold-change and adjusted Kruskal–Wallis test p-values. Selected proteins were orthogonally confirmed using ELISA. To gain insight into disease progression and severity we evaluated the altered protein expression with respect to clinically relevant phenotypic aspects: NPC Neurological Severity Score (NPC1 NSS), Annual Severity Increment Score (ASIS) and age of neurological onset.ResultsThis study identified multiple proteins with altered levels in CSF from individuals with NPC1 compared to non-NPC1 samples. These included proteins previously shown to be elevated in NPC1 (NEFL, MAPT, CHIT1, CALB1) and additional proteins confirmed by orthogonal assays (PARK7, CALB2/calretinin, CHI3L1/YKL-40, MIF, CCL18 and ENO2). Correlations with clinically relevant phenotypic parameters demonstrated moderate negative (p = 0.0210,r = -0.41) and possible moderate positive (p = 0.0631,r = 0.33) correlation of CSF CALB2 levels with age of neurological onset and ASIS, respectively. CSF CHI3L1 levels showed a moderate positive (p = 0.0183,r = 0.40) correlation with the concurrent NPC1 NSS. A strong negative correlation (p = 0.0016,r = -0.648) was observed between CSF CCL18 and age of neurological onset for childhood/adolescent cases. CSF CCL18 levels also showed a strong positive correlation (p = 0.0017,r = 0.61) with ASIS.ConclusionOur study identified and validated multiple proteins in CSF from individuals with NPC1 that are candidates for further investigation in a larger cohort. These analytes may prove to be useful as supportive data in therapeutic trials.Trial registrationsNCT00344331, NCT00001721, NCT02931682.
Compost-derived thermophilic microorganisms producing glycoside hydrolase activities as new potential biocatalysts for sustainable processes
Authors: Finore Ilaria , Leone Luigi , Gioiello Alessia , Romano Ida , Cangemi Silvana , Mazzei Pierluigi , Piccolo Alessandro , Cattaneo Andrea , Nicolaus Barbara , Kambourova Margarita , Poli Annarita , Lama Licia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The management of the organic waste recycling process determines the interest in the thermophiles microorganisms involved in composting. Although many microbial enzymes have been isolated and studied for their industrial and commercial uses, there is still a continuous search for microorganisms which could synthesize industrially feasible enzymes, especially when the microbial diversity of cow dung itself makes a potential source of biotechnological enzymes.

Results
The composting process studied at the Experimental Station of the University of Naples Federico II (Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy) was characterized by fresh saw dust 40%, bovine manure 58%, and 2% mature compost as raw organic substrates, and its thermophilic phase exceeded a temperature of 55 °C for at least 5 days, thus achieving sanitation. Six microbial strains were isolated and designated as follow: CV1-1, CV1-2, CV2-1, CV2-2, CV2-3 and CV2-4. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, HRMAS–NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical investigations, they were ascribed to the genera Geobacillus and Bacillus. All the microbial isolates were qualitatively screened on plates for the presence of hydrolytic activities, and they were quantitatively screened in liquid for glycoside hydrolase enzymes in the extracellular, cell-bound, and cytosolic fractions. Based on these results, strains CV2-1 and CV2-3 were also quantitatively screened for the presence of cellulase and pectinase activities, and pH and temperature optimum plus thermostability of cellulase from CV2-1 were analyzed.

Conclusions
The isolation and the identification of these thermophilic microorganisms such as Geobacillus toebii, Geobacillus galactosidasius, Bacillus composti, Bacillus thermophilus and Aeribacillus composti have allowed the study of the biodiversity of compost, with emphasis on their primary metabolome through an innovative and underutilized technique, that is HRMAS–NMR, also highlighting it as a novel approach to bacterial cell analysis. Subsequently, this study has permitted the identification of enzymatic activities able to degrade cellulose and other polymeric substrates, such as the one investigated from strain CV2-1, which could be interesting from an industrial and a biotechnological point of view, furthermore, increasing the knowledge for potential applicability in different industrial fields as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique.

Graphical Abstract
Control of Meloidogyne javanica with Pleurotus djamor spent mushroom substrate
Authors: Lopes Ana Daniela , de Melo Santana Gomes Simone , Schwengber Raiane Pereira , Carpi Maria Claudia Guimarães , Dias-Arieira Claudia Regina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The interest in the development of products that cause less damage to the environment associated with the loss of efficiency of chemical nematicides for the control management of nematodes is growing. Thus, the adoption of biological control or the use of biopesticides are excellent options for these products like those based on chemical compounds, such as commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a product of the mushroom production industry, has great potential for biological control due to its high levels of mycelium, residual enzymes, high humidity and unique microbiota that may contain other nematode antagonists. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus djamor cultivation in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in lettuce and assess its effects on plant resistance enzymes and soil biological activity.

Results
SMS reduced by 98.68% the nematode reproduction, and a plateau was reached at SMS concentrations above 15%. For the population density of nematode (nematode g-1 root), this reduction was 99,75%. Higher concentrations of SMS caused phytotoxicity in lettuce, with reduction of vegetative variables, chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance in the leaves; however, SMS increased the anthocyanin content. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was the highest in treatments containing 0% and 30% SMS and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was the highest in the 60% SMS treatment, suggesting induction of resistance to M. javanica. The maximum soil basal respiration was estimated to be achieved with 25.75% SMS, whereas the maximum soil metabolic quotient was estimated to be achieved with 8.8% SMS. Soil biomass carbon increased with increasing SMS proportion.

Conclusions
Spent substrate from P. djamor cultivation incorporated in soil at proportions of 15, 30, 45 and 60% is efficient in controlling M. javanica in lettuce.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of sulfur supply on cadmium transfer and concentration in rice at different growth stages exposed to sulfur-deficient but highly cadmium-contaminated soil
Authors: Li Songyan , Wang Guoxi , Yang Xiaosong , Ke Xianlin , Huang Lijuan , Li Yifei , Qiu Yanhua , Tao Mingming , Hu Zhengyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Sulfur (S) has been widely used to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity and control Cd accumulation in rice under waterlogging conditions. However, the results are contradictory, and the reasons remain unclear. This could be because most studies rarely simultaneously monitor the processes of S-induced soil Cd bioavailability and Cd accumulation in rice throughout its growth period. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of two sulfur levels (0, and 30 mg S kg−1) on Cd concentration and translocation in rice at three growth stages (booting, filling and maturity) under waterlogging conditions. Paddy soil deficient in S but contaminated with Cd (10.16 mg Cd kg−1) was used for the pot experiment.

Results
S application increased concentrations of Cd in grain at the filling stage partially because S induced the promotion of Cd transfer from roots to stems, leaves, and grains, and S induced the accumulation and fixation of Cd in iron plaques at the filling stage. However, the application of S significantly reduced Cd concentrations in brown rice at the maturity stage, which could be attributed to three aspects, as described below. First, S supply reduced the availability of Cd in soil and iron plaque on the root surface by reducing dissolved Cd in soil pore water and transferring Cd from iron plaque on the root surface to roots. Second, S supply inhibited the transfer of Cd in other tissues to brown rice based on Cd transfer factors from roots, stems, leaves, and husks to brown rice, which were obviously lower with S supply than without S supply at the maturity stage. Third, S induced the dilution of Cd in brown rice because the application of S significantly increased brown rice biomass by 215%.

Conclusions
A S-induced decline in Cd accumulation in brown rice was related to S-regulated Cd transfer among rice plants, S-induced promotion of rice growth and a decrease in Cd bioavailability in S-deficient but Cd-contaminated paddy soil under waterlogging conditions. This study provides valuable information for growing rice in low-S and Cd-contaminated paddy soil and reducing the risk of Cd in rice to humans.

Graphical abstract
Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with biotechnology
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Lee Na Kyeong , Wang Chi-Pin James , Lim Jaesung , Byun Min Ji , Kim Tae-Hyung , Park Wooram , Park Dae-Hwan , Kim Se-Na , Park Chun Gwon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique environment that is developed by the tumor and controlled by tumor-induced interactions with host cells during tumor progression. The TME includes immune cells, which can be classified into two types: tumor- antagonizing and tumor-promoting immune cells. Increasing the tumor treatment responses is associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Targeting the TME has become a popular topic in research, which includes polarizing macrophage phenotype 2 into macrophage phenotype 1 using Toll-like receptor agonists with cytokines, anti-CD47, and anti-SIPRα. Moreover, inhibiting regulatory T cells through blockades and depletion restricts immunosuppressive cells in the TME. Reprogramming T cell infiltration and T cell exhaustion improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as CD8
+
or CD4
+
T cells. Targeting metabolic pathways, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, can suppress tumor growth by restricting the absorption of nutrients and adenosine triphosphate energy into tumor cells. In conclusion, these TME reprogramming strategies exhibit more effective responses using combination treatments, biomaterials, and nanoparticles. This review highlights how biomaterials and immunotherapy can reprogram TME and improve the immune activity.
Clinical and biochemical features of hypokalemic paralysis: a study from rural Eastern India
Authors: Ganie Hilal Ahmad , Dar Waseem Raja , Bhattacharya Annada Prasad , Yaqoob Arjimand 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodic attacks of flaccid muscle weakness of variable duration and severity associated with hypokalemia. Overall, there is a scarcity of data regarding hypokalemic paralysis from Indian subcontinent particularly from rural areas.

Methods
A total of 50 consecutive patients of hypokalemic paralysis who were admitted in our hospital were recruited in this study.

Results
Fifty patients of hypokalemic paralysis were admitted to our department over a period of 4 years. Forty-two (84%) patients presented with classic acute onset quadriparesis, while eight patients had atypical presentation. Five patients had paraparesis, two had hemiparesis and one patient presented with isolated neck muscle weakness without any limb weakness. Thirty-two patients had primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HoPP) and 18 had secondary hypokalemic paralysis. There was no significant difference in severity of weakness (p = 0.53), number of episodes of weakness (p = 0.66) and serum CPK levels (p = 0.36) between primary and secondary hypokalemic paralysis. Secondary cases required significantly prolonged time for recovery as well as higher potassium supplements as compared to the primary HoPP. The severity of weakness of proximal muscles measured in MRC grading showed a significant correlation with serum potassium levels (p = 0.010), but did not show any correlation with CPK Levels (p = 0.86).

Conclusion
Hypokalemic paralysis is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis in the Emergency Room that often improves dramatically with potassium supplements. While secondary cases often require treatment of underlying etiology, primary hypokalemic paralysis often requires chronic treatment with acetazolamide and/or potassium-sparing diuretics.
Translating One Health knowledge across different institutional and political contexts in Europe
Authors: Humboldt-Dachroeden Sarah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Implementing a One Health approach is complex. It demands engaging different sectors and actors in the promotion and protection of human, animal and environmental health. A key challenge for successfully implementing the One Health approach are knowledge translation processes among scientists and policy-makers.

Methods
An online survey reached 104 experts from 23 European countries, working at national agencies or institutes, universities, ministries, non-governmental organisations (World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health), and European Union (EU) agencies. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to describe experts’ perceptions.

Results
This study indicated a lack of networks among scientists and between scientists and policy-makers. Relations of scientists and policy-makers were perceived as challenging due to different interests and priorities, leading to difficulties in reaching political attention for One Health topics. It also highlighted a favoured attention to some One Health topics (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) as opposed to others (e.g. environmental issues). Important international actors to push One Health policies forward were the Quadripartite organisations and EU agencies. National actors (government agencies, national research institutes, universities) were on average perceived to be more important than international actors due to their roles and influences. Factors influencing the knowledge translation process were the different languages spoken by scientists as well as politicians, and an equivocal understanding of the One Health approach.

Conclusion
The study shows the importance of leadership to establish interdisciplinary networks and to problematise One Health issues with clear scope and targets. This will help to link knowledge to needs and capabilities of policy-makers. Establishing strong relationships among national and international actors can encourage networks and raise awareness of the One Health approach to policy-makers. Lastly, promoting research communication skills of scientists can provide a valuable tool to reach policy-makers to enhance attention to One Health topics.
Role of pre and post oral and IV contrast MDCT scan of the abdomen in assessment of early complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)
Authors: Shokralla Sally Y. , Abolyazid Sherif M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure. Abdominal CT scan is a preferred useful modality in detection of early post sleeve gastrectomy complications, namely staple line leakage, bleeding, mesenteric vascular thrombosis and splenic infarction. The aim of our study is to assess the value of abdominal MDCT in diagnosis of suspected early complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operations.

Methods
Data collection included clinical and laboratory data from the referral requests written by the surgeons. MDCT scan then was performed for all patients. Follow-up clinical data for all patients and follow-up surgical findings for some patients who needed surgical intervention were collected and correlated with the CT findings.

Results
This prospective study included 75 patients referred by their surgeons as clinically suspected to have acute post LSG complications. MDCT scan was done for all those patients and detected multiple post-operative complications in 68 patients (91%) with the most common one was staple line gastric leak in 30 patients (40%), other complications were also detected as intra-abdominal abscess, porto-mesenteric thrombosis, splenic infarction and pulmonary complications. CT findings were correlated with the clinical, surgical and laboratory data of the patients as well as the follow-up findings.

Conclusions
MDCT scan is a reliable imaging modality for detecting acute post LSG complications and correlates well with both the clinical presentation and patient's follow-up data.
Superiority trial of intermittent treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy
Authors: Okoro Roland Nnaemeka , Geidam Ado Danazumi , Bukar Audu Abdullahi , Zarami Abba Bukar , Ohieku John David , Musa Alhaji Bukar , Yerima Timothy Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for various adverse maternal and birth outcomes. The emerging resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) raises important concerns about its use for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) in Africa. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of IPTp with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) as an alternative to IPTp with SP.

Results
The double-blind, randomized, and controlled superiority trial was conducted between July 2020 and June 2021. A total of 250 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive SP (n = 125) or DP (n = 125). Two hundred and six (82.4%) participants that contributed to the outcomes were included in the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, while 84 participants that completed the three courses of the study drugs were included in the per protocol (PP) analysis. The ITT analysis results showed that the incidence of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria was nonsignificantly higher in the DP group compared with the SP group (62.5% vs. 51.1%, P = 0.098). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria was also nonsignificantly higher in the DP group (Adjusted Relative Risk [RR] = 1.27, 95% CI 0.94–1.71) compared with the SP group. In contrast, the risk of a low APGAR score was significantly lower in the DP group (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.38–0.52) compared with the SP group. Also, the risk of a composite adverse birth outcome (low birth weight or preterm delivery or neonates small for the gestational age) was nonsignificantly lower in the DP group (Adjusted RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.55–1.21) compared with the SP group. Both drugs were well tolerated, although nausea and vomiting occurred in a significant number of participants in the SP group.

Conclusions
A three-course IPTp with DP was safe and was not found to be superior to IPTp with SP in the prevention of placental malaria. Although IPTp with DP was associated with a significant lower risk of low APGAR score and nonsignificant lower risks of other adverse birth outcomes compared with IPTp with SP.

Trial registration

PACTR, PACTR202002644579177. Registered 20 February 2020, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9753.
Terahertz isotropic transmissive metasurfaces for generation of different wavefronts
Authors: Zhang Runxuan , Song Zhengyong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metasurfaces are highly advantageous in realizing the phase discontinuity of an electromagnetic wave. Aiming at manipulating electromagnetic wavefront in terahertz band, a subwavelength multilayer meta-atom is designed, and it is composed of gold mesh, gold disk, and polyimide. By varying the diameter of the central gold disk, eight meta-atoms are prepared to provide full phase modulation with phase increase of 45°. A series of transmissive metasurfaces consisting of these meta-atoms are designed with different arrays. They achieve generations of deflection, single-focusing, dual-focusing, and orbital angular momentum with

and

. It is noteworthy that metasurfaces assembled by these isotropic meta-atoms are polarization-insensitive. Our models are numerically verified, and all results are consistent with theoretical predictions. Different from reflective metasurfaces that sometimes encounter feeding blockage, transmissive metasurfaces are feasible for the realization of a more compact terahertz system.
The two-gap BCS model in the large-N approximation within a field-theory approach
Authors: Nascimento Leandro O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the continuum version of the two-gap BCS model in (3 + 1)D within the large-N approximation. We calculate the effective potential of the model which depends on two independent energy gaps σ and Δ, where σ describes the Cooper pair made of electrons that belong to the same internal symmetry whereas Δ describes the Cooper pair of electrons that have a different internal symmetry. The effective potential is calculated by considering that the Debye frequency is an ultraviolet cutoff Λ, which is meant to describe the physical lattice of 3D superconductors. Our main result shows that the extra gap provides a possible inter-band phase transition that may be either a stable or metastable phase, depending on the competion between the coupling constants of the model. We also derive the critical temperature below which the phases may be observed.