bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General approach to surface-accessible plasmonic Pickering emulsions for SERS sensing and interfacial catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yingrui , Ye Ziwei , Li Chunchun , Chen Qinglu , Aljuhani Wafaa , Huang Yiming , Xu Xin , Wu Chunfei , Bell Steven E. J. , Xu Yikai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPickering emulsions represent an important class of functional materials with potential applications in sustainability and healthcare. Currently, the synthesis of Pickering emulsions relies heavily on the use of strongly adsorbing molecular modifiers to tune the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle constituents. This approach is inconvenient and potentially a dead-end for many applications since the adsorbed modifiers prevent interactions between the functional nanosurface and its surroundings. Here, we demonstrate a general modifier-free approach to construct Pickering emulsions by using a combination of stabilizer particles, which stabilize the emulsion droplet, and a second population of unmodified functional particles that sit alongside the stabilizers at the interface. Freeing Pickering emulsions from chemical modifiers unlocks their potential across a range of applications including plasmonic sensing and interfacial catalysis that have previously been challenging to achieve. More broadly, this strategy provides an approach to the development of surface-accessible nanomaterials with enhanced and/or additional properties from a wide range of nano-building blocks including organic nanocrystals, carbonaceous materials, metals and oxides.
Structure of the Newcastle Disease Virus L protein in complex with tetrameric phosphoprotein
Authors: Cong Jingyuan , Feng Xiaoying , Kang Huiling , Fu Wangjun , Wang Lei , Wang Chenlong , Li Xuemei , Chen Yutao , Rao Zihe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNewcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to Paramyxoviridae, which contains lethal human and animal pathogens. NDV RNA genome is replicated and transcribed by a multifunctional 250 kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein). To date, high-resolution structure of NDV L protein complexed with P protein remains to be elucidated, limiting our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Paramyxoviridae replication/transcription. Here, we used cryo-EM and enzymatic assays to investigate the structure-function relationship of L-P complex. We found that C-terminal of CD-MTase-CTD module of the atomic-resolution L-P complex conformationally rearranges, and the priming/intrusion loops are likely in RNA elongation conformations different from previous structures. The P protein adopts a unique tetrameric organization and interacts with L protein. Our findings indicate that NDV L-P complex represents elongation state distinct from previous structures. Our work greatly advances the understanding of Paramyxoviridae RNA synthesis, revealing how initiation/elongation alternates, providing clues for identifying therapeutic targets against Paramyxoviridae.
Land-use diversity predicts regional bird taxonomic and functional richness worldwide
Authors: Martínez-Núñez Carlos , Martínez-Prentice Ricardo , García-Navas Vicente 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnveiling the processes that shape biodiversity patterns is a cornerstone of ecology. Land-use diversity (i.e., the variety of land-use categories within an area) is often considered an important environmental factor that promotes species richness at landscape and regional scales by increasing beta-diversity. Still, the role of land-use diversity in structuring global taxonomic and functional richness is unknown. Here, we examine the hypothesis that regional species taxonomic and functional richness is explained by global patterns of land-use diversity by analyzing distribution and trait data for all extant birds. We found strong support for our hypothesis. Land-use diversity predicted bird taxonomic and functional richness in almost all biogeographic realms, even after accounting for the effect of net primary productivity (i.e., a proxy of resource availability and habitat heterogeneity). This link was particularly consistent with functional richness compared to taxonomic richness. In the Palearctic and Afrotropic realms, a saturation effect was evident, suggesting a non-linear relationship between land-use diversity and biodiversity. Our results reveal that land-use diversity is a key environmental factor associated with several facets of bird regional diversity, widening our understanding of key large-scale predictors of biodiversity patterns. These results can contribute to policies aimed at minimizing regional biodiversity loss.
Molecular fingerprints resolve affinities of Rhynie chert organic fossils
Authors: Loron C. C. , Rodriguez Dzul E. , Orr P. J. , Gromov A. V. , Fraser N. C. , McMahon S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe affinities of extinct organisms are often difficult to resolve using morphological data alone. Chemical analysis of carbonaceous specimens can complement traditional approaches, but the search for taxon-specific signals in ancient, thermally altered organic matter is challenging and controversial, partly because suitable positive controls are lacking. Here, we show that non-destructive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) resolves in-situ molecular fingerprints in the famous 407 Ma Rhynie chert fossil assemblage of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, an important early terrestrial Lagerstätte. Remarkably, unsupervised clustering methods (principal components analysis and K-mean) separate the fossil spectra naturally into eukaryotes and prokaryotes (cyanobacteria). Additional multivariate statistics and machine-learning approaches also differentiate prokaryotes from eukaryotes, and discriminate eukaryotic tissue types, despite the overwhelming influence of silica. We find that these methods can clarify the affinities of morphologically ambiguous taxa; in the Rhynie chert for example, we show that the problematic “nematophytes” have a plant-like composition. Overall, we demonstrate that the famously exquisite preservation of cells, tissues and organisms in the Rhynie chert accompanies similarly impressive preservation of molecular information. These results provide a compelling positive control that validates the use of infrared spectroscopy to investigate the affinity of organic fossils in chert.
Trio-pharmacophore DNA-encoded chemical library for simultaneous selection of fragments and linkers
Authors: Cui Meiying , Nguyen Dzung , Gaillez Michelle Patino , Heiden Stephan , Lin Weilin , Thompson Michael , Reddavide Francesco V. , Chen Qinchang , Zhang Yixin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe split-and-pool method has been widely used to synthesize chemical libraries of a large size for early drug discovery, albeit without the possibility of meaningful quality control. In contrast, a self-assembled DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) allows us to construct an m x n-member library by mixing an m-member and an n-member pre-purified sub-library. Herein, we report a trio-pharmacophore DEL (T-DEL) of m x l x n members through assembling three pre-purified and validated sub-libraries. The middle sub-library is synthesized using DNA-templated synthesis with different reaction mechanisms and designed as a linkage connecting the fragments displayed on the flanking two sub-libraries. Despite assembling three fragments, the resulting compounds do not exceed the up-to-date standard of molecular weight regarding drug-likeness. We demonstrate the utility of T-DEL in linker optimization for known binding fragments against trypsin and carbonic anhydrase II and by de novo selections against matrix metalloprotease-2 and −9.
Assessing coupling interactions in a safe and just operating space for regional sustainability
Authors: Han Dongni , Yu Deyong , Qiu Jiangxiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman activities affect the Earth System with an unprecedented magnitude, causing undesirable irreversible degradation. The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an integrated global action plan for sustainable development. However, it remains a great challenge to develop actionable strategies to achieve regional sustainability within social-environmental constraints. Here we proposed a framework, integrating safe and just operating space (SJOS) with SDGs, to assess regional sustainability and interactions between environmental performance and human well-being across scales. Despite China has not fully achieved sustainable development from 2000 to 2018, most provinces have shown significant improvements. Our analyses further delineated four development patterns (i.e., coupled and developed, coupled and underdeveloped, uncoupled and underdeveloped, and coupled and underdeveloped), and developed targeted strategies and pathways for each pattern to transition towards sustainability. Our operationalizable framework is broadly applicable to other regions or nations to actualize sustainable development.
Laser-induced topological spin switching in a 2D van der Waals magnet
Authors: Khela Maya , Da̧browski Maciej , Khan Safe , Keatley Paul S. , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Eda Goki , Hicken Robert J. , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Santos Elton J. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets represent one of the most promising horizons for energy-efficient spintronic applications because their broad range of electronic, magnetic and topological properties. However, little is known about the interplay between light and spin properties in vdW layers. Here we show that ultrafast laser excitation can not only generate different type of spin textures in CrGeTe3 vdW magnets but also induce a reversible transformation between them in a topological toggle switch mechanism. Our atomistic spin dynamics simulations and wide-field Kerr microscopy measurements show that different textures can be generated via high-intense laser pulses within the picosecond regime. The phase transformation between the different topological spin textures is obtained as additional laser pulses are applied to the system where the polarisation and final state of the spins can be controlled by external magnetic fields. Our results indicate laser-driven spin textures on 2D magnets as a pathway towards reconfigurable topological architectures at the atomistic level.
Clinical outcome and biomarker assessments of a multi-centre phase II trial assessing niraparib with or without dostarlimab in recurrent endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Madariaga Ainhoa , Garg Swati , Tchrakian Nairi , Dhani Neesha C. , Jimenez Waldo , Welch Stephen , MacKay Helen , Ethier Josee-Lyne , Gilbert Lucy , Li Xuan , Rodriguez Angela , Chan Lucy , Bowering Valerie , Clarke Blaise , Zhang Tong , King Ian , Downs Gregory , Stockley Tracy , Wang Lisa , Udagani Smitha , Oza Amit M. , Lheureux Stephanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis multi-centre, non-randomized, open-label, phase II trial (NCT03016338), assessed niraparib monotherapy (cohort 1, C1), or niraparib and dostarlimab (cohort 2, C2) in patients with recurrent serous or endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR), with ≥5/22 overall considered of interest. Secondary outcomes were safety, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, progression free survival and overall survival. Translational research was an exploratory outcome. Potential biomarkers were evaluated in archival tissue by immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing panel. In C1, 25 patients were enrolled, and CBR was 20% (95% CI: 9–39) with median clinical benefit duration of 5.3 months. The ORR was 4% (95% CI: 0–20). In C2, 22 patients were enrolled, and the CBR was 31.8% (95% CI: 16–53) with median clinical benefit duration of 6.8 months. The ORR was 14% (95% CI: 3–35). No new safety signals were detected. No significant association was detected between clinical benefit and IHC markers (PTEN, p53, MMR, PD-L1), or molecular profiling (PTEN, TP53, homologous recombination repair genes). In conclusion, niraparib monotherapy did not meet the efficacy threshold. Niraparib in combination with dostarlimab showed modest activity.
Inhibition of lysyl oxidases synergizes with 5-azacytidine to restore erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic and myeloid malignancies
Authors: Xu Qingyu , Streuer Alexander , Jann Johann-Christoph , Altrock Eva , Schmitt Nanni , Flach Johanna , Sens-Albert Carla , Rapp Felicitas , Wolf Julia , Nowak Verena , Weimer Nadine , Obländer Julia , Palme Iris , Kuzina Mariia , Jawhar Ahmed , Darwich Ali , Weis Cleo-Aron , Marx Alexander , Wuchter Patrick , Costina Victor , Jäger Evelyn , Sperk Elena , Neumaier Michael , Fabarius Alice , Metzgeroth Georgia , Nolte Florian , Steiner Laurenz , Levkin Pavel A. , Jawhar Mohamad , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Riabov Vladimir , Nowak Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLimited response rates and frequent relapses during standard of care with hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MN) require urgent improvement of this treatment indication. Here, by combining 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) with the pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor PXS-5505, we demonstrate superior restoration of erythroid differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of MN patients in 20/31 cases (65%) versus 9/31 cases (29%) treated with 5-AZA alone. This effect requires direct contact of HSPCs with bone marrow stroma components and is dependent on integrin signaling. We further confirm these results in vivo using a bone marrow niche-dependent MN xenograft model in female NSG mice, in which we additionally demonstrate an enforced reduction of dominant clones as well as significant attenuation of disease expansion and normalization of spleen sizes. Overall, these results lay out a strong pre-clinical rationale for efficacy of combination treatment of 5-AZA with PXS-5505 especially for anemic MN.
Optimizing transcranial magnetic stimulation for spaceflight applications
Authors: Romanella S. M. , Mencarelli L. , Seyedmadani K. , Jillings S. , Tomilovskaya E. , Rukavishnikov I. , Sprugnoli G. , Rossi S. , Wuyts F. L. , Santarnecchi E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs space agencies aim to reach and build installations on Mars, the crews will face longer exposure to extreme environments that may compromise their health and performance. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a painless non-invasive brain stimulation technique that could support space exploration in multiple ways. However, changes in brain morphology previously observed after long-term space missions may impact the efficacy of this intervention. We investigated how to optimize TMS for spaceflight-associated brain changes. Magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted scans were collected from 15 Roscosmos cosmonauts and 14 non-flyer participants before, after 6 months on the International Space Station, and at a 7-month follow-up. Using biophysical modeling, we show that TMS generates different modeled responses in specific brain regions after spaceflight in cosmonauts compared to the control group. Differences are related to spaceflight-induced structural brain changes, such as those impacting cerebrospinal fluid volume and distribution. We suggest solutions to individualize TMS to enhance its efficacy and precision for potential applications in long-duration space missions.
External to internal cranial perfusion shifts during simulated weightlessness: Results from a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Boschert Alessa L. , Gauger Peter , Bach Anja , Gerlach Darius , Johannes Bernd , Jordan Jens , Li Zhili , Elmenhorst David , Bauer Andreas , Marshall-Goebel Karina , Tank Jens , Zange Jochen , Rittweger Jörn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe exact pathophysiology of the spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) has so far not been completely elucidated. In this study we assessed the effect of acute head-down tilt position on the mean flow of the intra- and extracranial vessels. Our results suggest a shift from the external to the internal system that might play an important role in the pathomechanism of SANS.
Integrated assessment of the impact of land use changes on groundwater recharge and groundwater level in the Drava floodplain, Hungary
Authors: Salem Ali , Abduljaleel Yasir , Dezső József , Lóczy Dénes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLand-use/land-cover (LULC) change is considered a key human factor influencing groundwater recharge in floodplains. Without accurate estimations, the impact of LULC change on water balance components may be either significantly understated or exaggerated. This paper assesses the impacts of LULC changes from 1990 to 2018 on water balance components and groundwater levels of the Drava floodplain, Hungary, where human interference has led to a critical environmental situation. In this study, a spatially-distributed water balance model (WetSpass-M), and a groundwater flow model (MODFLOW-NWT) were integrated to assess the impacts of LULC changes. The moderate expansion of built-up areas increased surface runoff, while the afforestation of arable land and meadows and the overgrowth of bare mudflats with willow shrubs increased evapotranspiration. As a consequence, total annual groundwater recharge decreased by 5.3 × 107 m3 in the floodplain with an average of 335 mm year−1 and 317 mm year−1 in 2012 and 2018, respectively. Moreover, an average groundwater level decline by 0.1 m is observed in the same period. Declined groundwater recharge, increased runoff, and evapotranspiration exerted a negative effect on water resources in the Drava basin. The approach tested in this paper allows temporal and spatial estimation of hydrological components under the changes of LULC, providing quantitative information for decision-makers and stakeholders to implement efficient and sustainable management of water resources in the Drava floodplain. The provided integrated model is also applicable to regionally.
AI co-pilot: content-based image retrieval for the reading of rare diseases in chest CT
Authors: Haubold Johannes , Zeng Ke , Farhand Sepehr , Stalke Sarah , Steinberg Hannah , Bos Denise , Meetschen Mathias , Kureishi Anisa , Zensen Sebastian , Goeser Tim , Maier Sandra , Forsting Michael , Nensa Felix 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the newly developed Similar patient search (SPS) Web Service, which supports reading complex lung diseases in computed tomography (CT), on the diagnostic accuracy of residents. SPS is an image-based search engine for pre-diagnosed cases along with related clinical reference content (https://eref.thieme.de). The reference database was constructed using 13,658 annotated regions of interest (ROIs) from 621 patients, comprising 69 lung diseases. For validation, 50 CT scans were evaluated by five radiology residents without SPS, and three months later with SPS. The residents could give a maximum of three diagnoses per case. A maximum of 3 points was achieved if the correct diagnosis without any additional diagnoses was provided. The residents achieved an average score of 17.6 ± 5.0 points without SPS. By using SPS, the residents increased their score by 81.8% to 32.0 ± 9.5 points. The improvement of the score per case was highly significant (p = 0.0001). The residents required an average of 205.9 ± 350.6 s per case (21.9% increase) when SPS was used. However, in the second half of the cases, after the residents became more familiar with SPS, this increase dropped to 7%. Residents’ average score in reading complex chest CT scans improved by 81.8% when the AI-driven SPS with integrated clinical reference content was used. The increase in time per case due to the use of the SPS was minimal.
Cyber-physical oil spill monitoring and detection for offshore petroleum risk management service
Authors: Wang Yuewei , Chen Xiaodao , Wang Lizhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPetroleum industry has started to embrace the advanced petroleum cyber-physical system (CPS) technologies. Offshore petroleum CPS is particularly hard to build, mainly due to the difficulty in detecting and preventing offshore oil leaking. During the oil exploration and transportation process, the remote multi-sensing technology is typically employed for emerging service. It can be utilized for leak detection by enabling the underwater modeling of an offshore petroleum CPS. However, such a technology suffers from insufficient remote sensing resources and expensive computational overhead. In this work, a cross-entropy based leak detection technique is proposed to detect the oil leak, which facilitates the understanding of the oil leak induced marine pollution. Furthermore, a hierarchical parallel approach is proposed on the super computer Tianhe-2 to improve the efficiency of the proposed leak detection technique. Experimental results on Penglai oil spill events demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively identify the sources of oil spilling with accuracy up to $$100\%$$

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Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain
Authors: Ribes Marta , Montañà Júlia , Vidal Marta , Aguilar Ruth , Nicolás Patricia , Alfonso Uxue , Rodrigo Natalia , Carolis Carlo , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma , Chaccour Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe characterization of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants are key for the understanding of COVID-19. The identification of vulnerable populations to the infection and to its socioeconomic impact is indispensable for inclusive policies. We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional community-based seroprevalence survey between June 12th and 19th 2020—during the easing of lockdown—in Cizur, Spain. We quantified IgG, IgM and IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain in a sample of 728 randomly selected, voluntarily registered inhabitants. We estimated a 7.9% seroprevalence in the general population, with the lowest seroprevalence among children under ten (n = 3/142, 2.1%) and the highest among adolescents (11–20 years old, n = 18/159, 11.3%). We found a heterogeneous immune-response profile across participants regarding isotype/antigen-specific seropositivity, although levels generally correlated. Those with technical education level were the most financially affected. Fifty-five percent had visited a supermarket and 43% a sanitary centre since mid-February 2020. When comparing by gender, men had left the household more frequently. In conclusion, few days after strict lockdown, the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection was the lowest in children under 10. The findings also suggest that a wider isotype-antigen panel confers higher sensitivity. Finally, the economic impact biases should be considered when designing public health measures.