bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setanaxib, a first‐in‐class selective NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitor for primary biliary cholangitis: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Invernizzi Pietro , Carbone Marco , Jones David , Levy Cynthia , Little Nicola , Wiesel Philippe , Nevens Frederik ,   the study investigators
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare liver disease with significant unmet need for second‐line/add‐on treatments. Setanaxib, a NOX1/4 inhibitor, has shown anti‐fibrotic effects in in vitro and animal studies. This phase 2, randomized, multicentre study investigated the efficacy and safety of setanaxib in patients with PBC.MethodsPatients with ≥6 months of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment were randomized 1:1:1 to oral setanaxib 400 mg once daily (OD), twice daily (BID), or placebo, in addition to UDCA for 24 weeks. Other inclusion criteria included alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥1.5 × ULN and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) ≥1.5 × ULN. The primary endpoint was percentage change from baseline in GGT at Week 24; secondary endpoints included change from baseline in ALP, liver stiffness (LS; via transient elastography), fatigue at Week 24, and safety outcomes. p values compare setanaxib 400 mg BID and placebo groups.ResultsOf patients randomized (setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID: 38, and 36; placebo: 37), 104/111 completed Week 24. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) change in GGT to Week 24 was −4.9% (59.6%) for setanaxib 400 mg OD, −19.0% (28.9%) for setanaxib 400 mg BID, and −8.4% (21.5%) for placebo; p = .31. Patients treated with setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID showed decreased serum ALP levels from baseline to Week 24 (p = .002: setanaxib BID versus placebo). Patients treated with setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID showed mean (SD) percentage increases in LS to Week 24 of 3.3% (35.0%) and 7.9% (43.7%), versus 10.1% (33.1%) for placebo (p = .65). Changes in mean (SD) PBC‐40 fatigue domain scores to Week 24 were +0.3% (24.9%) for setanaxib 400 mg OD, −9.9% (19.8%) for setanaxib 400 mg BID and +2.4% (23.1%) for placebo, p = .027. Two patients (one placebo, one setanaxib 400 mg BID) experienced serious treatment‐emergent adverse events, deemed unrelated to study drug.ConclusionsThe primary endpoint was not met. However, the secondary endpoints provide preliminary evidence for potential anti‐cholestatic and anti‐fibrotic effects in PBC, supporting the further evaluation of setanaxib in a future phase 2b/3 trial.
Quality‐of‐life scores improve after 96 weeks of PEG‐IFNa‐2a treatment of hepatitis D: An analysis of the HIDIT‐II trial
Authors: Dinkelborg Katja , Kahlhöfer Julia , Dörge Petra , Yurdaydin Cihan , Hardtke Svenja , Caruntu Florin Alexandru , Curescu Manuela G. , Yalcin Kendal , Akarca Ulus S. , Gürel Selim , Zeuzem Stefan , Erhardt Andreas , Lüth Stefan , Papatheodoridis George V. , Keskin Onur , Port Kerstin , Radu Monica , Celen Mustafa K. , Idilman Ramazan , Weber Kristina , Stift Judith , Wittkop Ulrike , Heidrich Benjamin , Mederacke Ingmar , von der Leyen Heiko , Dienes Hans Peter , Cornberg Markus , Koch Armin , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Deterding Katja ,   The HIDIT‐2 Study Team
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsInfection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with a high risk to develop clinical complications of liver disease. In addition, hepatitis delta has been shown to be associated with worse patient‐reported outcomes. Until recently, only pegylated interferon alfa could be used to treat hepatitis delta.MethodsHere, we investigated quality of life (QOL) as assessed by the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) in patients undergoing antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon alfa (PEG‐IFNa‐2a)‐based treatment in the HIDIT‐II trial. HIDIT‐II was a randomized prospective trial exploring PEG‐IFNa‐2a with tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) or placebo for 96 weeks in patients with compensated hepatitis delta. Surveys completed by 83 study participants before, during, and after treatments were available.ResultsOverall, we observed a reduced QOL of HDV patients compared with a reference population, both in physical as well as mental scores. Interestingly, PEG‐IFNa‐2a treatment showed only minor impairment of the QOL during therapy. Moreover, HDV‐RNA clearance was not associated with relevant changes in physical or social SF‐36 scores, whereas an improvement of fibrosis during treatment was associated with increased QOL. Overall, slight improvements of the QOL scores were observed 24 weeks after the end of treatment as compared with baseline. TDF co‐treatment had no influence on QOL.ConclusionsOverall, our findings suggest that PEG‐IFNa‐2a was reasonably tolerated even over a period of 96 weeks by hepatitis D patients reporting SF‐36 questionnaires. Of note, several patients may benefit from PEG‐IFNa‐2a‐based therapies with off‐treatment improvements in quality of life.
What the tortoise should do: A knowledge‐first virtue approach to the basing relation
Authors: Titus Lisa Miracchi , Carter J. Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat is it to base a belief on reasons? Existing attempts to give an account of the basing relation encounter a dilemma: either one appeals to some kind of neutral process that does not adequately reflect the way basing is a content‐sensitive first‐personal activity, or one appeals to linking or bridge principles that over‐intellectualize and threaten regress. We explain why this dilemma arises, and diagnose the commitments that are key obstacles to providing a satisfactory account. We explain why they should be rejected anyway, and then offer a new, knowledge‐first virtue epistemological theory of the basing relation that shows how we can substantially theorize about mental processes without these commitments. The resulting view plausibly captures the way in which basing is an inherently mental and content‐sensitive process.
Endurantism, presentism, and the problem of temporary intrinsics
Authors: Garcia Yanssel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe most common form of endurantism takes enduring objects to be wholly located at every time they occupy. Such a view is believed to give rise to a problem concerning intrinsic change. My laptop may have been shut before, but it is currently open. Yet, if we understand endurantism as above, then my laptop is in possession of two contradictory properties: the shapes of being open and shut. This problem is known as the “problem of temporary intrinsics,” and, to avoid it, two major kinds of moves have been made. The first is to meddle with the relationship between an enduring object and its properties by, for instance, claiming enduring objects bear their properties relationally to times rather than intrinsically. Many who have found this move unappealing have instead turned to presentism, claiming that endurantists should be presentists to avoid the problem. I take it that while both options can work, neither is optimal. Instead, I argue in favor of an alternative understanding of endurantism that allows endurantists to have it all: there is a version of endurantism that leaves the intrinsic properties of objects untouched, avoids the problem of temporary intrinsics, and does not require adopting presentism.
Successful treatment of perianal fistulas in two dogs with oclacitinib
Authors: Harvey Richard , Horton Hollie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerianal fistula (PAF) formation in dogs is a frustrating and painful disease, occurring primarily in German shepherd dogs. Ciclosporin has become the recommended treatment of choice yet may be associated with numerous adverse effects. This case report describes the successful treatment of two cases of PAF with oclacitinib.
Predictive Generalized Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Fractional Order Systems With Time Delay
Authors: Jain Shivam , Hote Yogesh V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, two different active disturbance rejection control techniques based on notion of Smith Predictor are proposed for control of fractional order stable systems with time delay. In the proposed Smith Predictor-based fractional order linearized active disturbance rejection control (SP-FO-LADRC) technique, fractional order dynamics are treated as a part of generalized disturbance, and the concept of Smith Predictor is used to obtain delay less output, which is fed to an extended state observer (ESO), and an integer order control strategy is developed. To further ameliorate control performance of this technique, complete plant information of commensurate fractional order system is used to formulate another new technique, namely, Smith Predictor-based fractional order generalized active disturbance rejection control (SP-FO-GADRC), which incorporates fractional ESO and leads to formulation of fractional order control law. An extensive simulation study and robustness analysis conducted on three different examples is testimony to efficacy of proposed techniques.
Synergistic Effect of FSP and TiB2 on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of AA2024 Surface Composites
Authors: Rafi Shaik Mohammad , Satish Kumar T. , Thankachan Titus , Selvan Chithirai Pon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this research, AA2024 aluminum alloy-based surface composites were fabricated using ex situ titanium boride particles (TiB2) as reinforcement using the friction stir processing technique. Microstructural and mechanical variation with respect to the addition of TiB2 onto the AA2024 surface was studied and evaluated. Results proposed an increase in mechanical strength and hardness with respect to TiB2 addition when compared with the substrate metal. Dry sliding wear characteristics of aluminum surface composites at varying sliding distances (500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 2000 m) were analyzed using pin on disc apparatus. Wear resistance of developed surface composites improved comparatively with respect to substrate metal due to the combined effect of particle inclusion and friction stir processing. Characterization of worn-out surface composites proposed that the wear mechanism happens due to the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, while the major material removal happens due to abrasive wear.
Coupled Electrical–Thermal–Fluidic Multi-Physics Analysis of Through Silicon Via Pin Fin Microchannel in the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit
Authors: Sun Ping , Huang Bing-Huan , Li Kui , Gong Liang , Zhu Chuan-Yong , Zheng Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To solve the thermal management problem in the three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) with high integration and multilayer, this paper establishes a 3D-IC interlayer microchannel model with various embedded TSV micropin fins to explore the temperature distribution of chips and the flow velocity distribution inside the microchannel. The paper selects the sense amplifier and the half adder as the heat source of the memory and processor in the calculation model. The power densities of the sense amplifier and the half adder are 885 kW/m2 and 1.832 MW/m2 combined with the layout size, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of the shape and arrangement of TSV micropin fins on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The result shows that the 1.2:1 diamond micropin fin microchannel with staggered arrangement has the best overall flow and heat transfer performance. Compared with the basic circular micropin fin with the in-line arrangement, the average Nusselt number of this microchannel is improved by 3.20–3.37 times, and the maximum temperature of chips is controlled at 325.92–312.43 K for Re = 628–1819.
Supplemental Material: Two episodes of late Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the southwestern Yangtze Block, China, and their association with Grenville-aged orogenic cycles
Authors: Wang Yan-Jun , zhu wei-guang , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p> Figure S1: Representative field photos and microscopic photographs of mafic rocks in this study. Figure S2: Plot of whole-rock εNd(<em>t</em>) versus age (Ga) for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S3: Covariations of the high field strength elements (e.g., TiO2, Th, Nb, Nd, Eu, Yb), compatible element (e.g., Ni), and large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba and Sr) relative to Zr contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S4: Covariations of SiO2, TiO2, Fe2O3T, CaO, Al2O3, CaO/Al2O3, P2O5, Ni, and Cr relative to MgO contents for the Boka dolerites, Lanniping gabbros, and Tong’an dikes. Figure S5: Th/Nb versus TiO2/Yb plot for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks in the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S1: Cameca secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb isotopic analyses for the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the Huili-Dongchuan area, southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S2: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) data of late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. Table S3: Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the late Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks from the southwestern Yangtze Block. </p>
Use of a GP-endorsed 12 months’ reminder letter to promote uptake of bowel scope screening: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in a hard-to-reach population
Authors: von Wagner Christian , Hirst Yasemin , Tookey Sara , Kerrison Robert S. , Marshall Sarah , Prentice Andrew , Vulkan Daniel , Macleod Una , Duffy Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening is associated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality when offered as a one-off test to men and women aged 55–64. The test, also referred to as the ‘bowel scope screening’ (BSS) test, was added to England’s national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in March 2013, where it is offered to men and women aged 55. Since its implementation, uptake of the BSS test has been low, with only 43% of the eligible population attending an appointment. Sending non-participants a reminder at age 56 has been shown to improve uptake by up to nine percentage points at a single centre in London; we hypothesise that adding a general practitioners (GPs) endorsement to the reminder could improve uptake even further.

Methods and analysis
This paper describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial which will examine the effectiveness of adding a GPs endorsement to a reminder for BSS non-participants aged 56. All screening-eligible adults who have not responded to a BSS appointment at London North West Healthcare NHS Trust within 12 months of their initial invitation will be randomised to receive either a GP-endorsed reminder letter or reminder letter without GP endorsement. The primary outcome will be the proportion of individuals screened within each group 8 weeks after the reminder. Statistical comparisons will be made using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with ‘uptake’ as the outcome variable, GP reminder group as the exposure and sociodemographic variables as covariates.

Ethics and dissemination
The study was approved by the Yorkshire & Humber—Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (16/YH/0298) and the Confidentiality Advisory Group (17/CAG/0162). The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal in accordance with the Consort statement and will be made available to the public.

Trial registration number

NCT82867861
A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Low-Level Jets and Atmospheric Rivers in the Central United States
Authors: Gyawali Nabindra , Ferguson Craig R. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a comparative analysis of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and Great Plains low-level jets (GPLLJs) in the central United States during April–September 1901–2010 using ECMWF’s Coupled Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century (CERA-20C). The analysis is motivated by a perceived need to highlight overlap and synergistic opportunities between traditionally disconnected AR and GPLLJ research. First, using the Guan–Walliser integrated vapor transport (IVT)-based AR classification and Bonner–Whiteman-based GPLLJ classification, we identify days with either an AR and/or GPLLJ spanning 15% of the central United States. These days are grouped into five event samples: 1) all GPLLJ, 2) AR GPLLJ, 3) non-AR GPLLJ, 4) AR non-GPLLJ, and 5) all AR. Then, we quantify differences in the frequency, seasonality, synoptic environment, and extreme weather impacts corresponding to each event sample. Over the twentieth century, April–September AR frequency remained constant whereas GPLLJ frequency significantly decreased. Of GPLLJ days, 36% are associated with a coincident AR. Relative to ARs that are equally probable from April–September, GPLLJs exhibit distinct seasonality, with peak occurrence in July. A 500-hPa geopotential height comparison shows a persistent ridge over the central United States for non-AR GPLLJ days, whereas on AR GPLLJ days, a trough-and-ridge pattern is present over western to eastern CONUS. AR GPLLJ days have 34% greater 850-hPa windspeeds, 53% greater IVT, and 72% greater 24-h precipitation accumulation than non-AR GPLLJ days. In terms of 95th-percentile 850-hPa wind speed, IVT, and 24-h precipitation, that of AR GPLLJs is 25%, 45%, and 23% greater than non-AR GPLLJs, respectively.
A Climatological Comparison of the Arctic Environment and Arctic Cyclones between Periods of Low and High Forecast Skill of the Synoptic-Scale Flow
Authors: Biernat Kevin A. , Keyser Daniel , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The prediction of weather conditions in the Arctic is important to human activities in the Arctic. Arctic cyclones (ACs), which are extratropical cyclones that originate within the Arctic or move into the Arctic from lower latitudes, can be associated with hazardous weather conditions that may adversely affect human activities. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of processes that influence the forecast skill of the synoptic-scale flow over the Arctic and of ACs. The 11-member NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) reforecast dataset, version 2, is utilized to identify periods of low and high forecast skill of the synoptic-scale flow over the Arctic, hereinafter referred to as low-skill and high-skill periods, respectively, during the summers of 2007–17, and to evaluate the forecast skill of ACs during these respective periods. The ERA-Interim dataset is used to examine characteristics of the Arctic environment and characteristics of ACs during low-skill and high-skill periods. The Arctic environment tends to be characterized by more vigorous baroclinic processes and latent heating during low-skill periods relative to high-skill periods. ACs occur more frequently over much of the Arctic; tend to be stronger; and tend to be located in regions of larger lower-tropospheric baroclinicity, lower-to-midtropospheric Eady growth rate (EGR), and latent heating during low-skill periods relative to high-skill periods. ACs during low-skill periods that are characterized by low forecast skill of intensity tend to be relatively strong and tend to be located in regions of relatively large lower-tropospheric baroclinicity, lower-to-midtropospheric EGR, and latent heating.
Predicting the Future in Trauma: Trauma and Injury Severity Score Loses Accuracy and Validity for Late Deaths After Injury
Authors: Wu Yu-Tung , Biswas Subarna , Matsushima Kazuhide , Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Martin Matthew J. 
Published: May 2023

Background The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is widely used to predict mortality in trauma patients, but its performance metrics have not been analyzed for early vs later deaths. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of time to death on the accuracy of TRISS. Methods Patients from 2013 to 2018 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database were included. We compared predicted survival by TRISS using the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and calibration curves between different cut-off times and subgroups. We further compared early (≤72 hr) and late (>72 hr) deaths based on mechanisms and severity. Results Among the 1,180,745 patients, the total mortality rate was 6.4%, with 59% early deaths and 41% late deaths. The AUC of TRISS for all patients was .919 (95% CI: .918-.921) for ≤72 hr survival and .845 (95% CI: .843-.848) for >72 hr survival. Significant discrepancies in AUCs between the early and late death groups existed in all cohorts based on blunt/penetrating mechanisms and severity. TRISS predicted well in early survival of penetrating injury but was less reliable in late survival of penetrating injury and all blunt injury. TRISS tended to underestimate survival, particularly for patients with lower probability of survival, with increased discrepancies seen for predicting late deaths. Conclusions The predictive ability of TRISS varies significantly based on the timing of deaths and key injury factors. TRISS may be best utilized in predicting early survival in penetrating injury, but its reliability and accuracy diminish when predicting late deaths for all kinds of injury.
The Validation of the Kutcher Adolescent Depression 6-Item Scale in a Sample of Colombian Preadolescents and Adolescents
Authors: Romero-Acosta Kelly , Lipps Garth E. , Lowe Gillian A. , Gibson Roger , Ramirez-Giraldo Andrés 
Published: May 2023

Against the background of a lack of screening instruments for measuring depressive symptoms in Colombian adolescents and preadolescents, this study aims to establish the internal consistency reliability, component structure and the concurrent and discriminant validity of the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Six-Item Scale (KADS-6) among preadolescent school students in Sincelejo, Colombia. Participated 710 youth (10.8 years of age ± .75 years) divided into two groups to cross-validate analyses that were undertaken to determine the internal consistency reliability, as well as the concurrent and discriminant validity, of the KADS-6 among preadolescents. Results show that over 95% of the sample did not report problems understanding any of the items on the KADS-6. The KADS-6 had acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity and was unidimensional. In conclusion, The KADS-6 is well understood by Colombian preadolescents and has adequate psychometric properties in adolescents, rendering it acceptable for use with Colombian preadolescents.
Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire in healthy adults
Authors: Salehi sadati Seyed Sadegh , Raji Parvin , Nakhostin Ansari Noureddin , Håkansson Carita , Wagman Petra 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Occupational balance is a fundamental concept that plays an influential role in enhancing health and well-being. Method: The Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 was administered to 157 healthy individuals in the test phase and 80 healthy individuals in the retest phase. Floor or ceiling effects, construct validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, standard error of the measurement and smallest detectable change were examined. Results: The Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 showed no missing responses. There were no floor or ceiling effects for the total score. The independent t-test did not show a statistically significant difference between groups (based on age category, marital status and job status) that didn’t support discriminant validity. Factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor solution for the Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 which jointly accounted for 57.62% of the total variance. There was high internal consistency for test (α = 0.813) and retest (α = 0.853). The test–retest reliability for Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 with a 1-week interval was excellent (ICCagreement = 0.880). The standard error of the measurement and smallest detectable change were 2.02 and 5.60, respectively. Conclusion: Persian Occupational Balance Questionnaire-11 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing occupational balance in healthy Persian-speaking participants.