bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ni‐phase erosion losses at a Ni‐pore interface of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells during 5218 h of operation
Authors: Liu Yinglong , Ye Hao , Ma Yue , Wang Chenpeng , Liu Jiawei , Liu Yingli , Xu Xiaoru , Chen Zhicong , Liang Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA microtubular solid oxide fuel cell (μT‐SOFC) with an anode buffer layer in the inner wall of the anode is successfully fabricated. The anode buffer layer comprises nickel (Ni), gadolinium‐doped ceria, and ruthenium (Ru), of which Ru exhibits excellent stability in mixed impurity gases. At 700°C, the maximum power density of the μT‐SOFC reaches around 0.76 W/cm2 under a hydrogen flow rate of 10 sccm. After 5218 h of operation at a constant current density of 0.2 A/cm2 at 650°C, there is almost no degradation (0.093%/kh) in area‐specific resistance after 2000 h of operation under the protection of the anode buffer layer. The aggregation and migration of nanoscale Ni particles are observed at the Ni particle boundary near the triple‐phase boundary (TPB), with gradual corrosion of the Ni particles. Ni migration and loss in the TPB are determined as reasons for the decay of the fuel cells during their long‐term operation. Moreover, Ni in an amorphous state is also observed on the periphery of the Ni particles, indicating that during the corrosion process of Ni, transformation to the amorphous state occurred, which impairs the catalytic activity and electronic conductivity of Ni, resulting in a deterioration in its performance.
Improving fresh strawberry shelf life and quality by using the fresh‐keeping paper embedded with oregano essential oil and tea polyphenols
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Li Tingting , Zhu Chaoyu , Wang Lei , Cong Kaiping , Xu Haotian , Wu Caie , Yan Shijie , Li Xu , Zhou Dandan , Fan Gongjian , Li Xiaojing 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe short shelf life of fresh strawberries limits its marketing potential, despite its valuable economic and nutritional benefits. An environmentally friendly fresh‐keeping paper was prepared with oregano essential oil (OEO) and tea polyphenols (TP) and used in the storage of strawberries. Results showed that, during the late storage period, the TP and OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatments reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 29.04% and 34.47%, respectively, compared with the control samples. The treatments also reduced decay incidence, weight loss, epidermal microorganisms and total anthocyanins content (TAC). Furthermore, the treatments reduce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, delay the colour development and maintain better sensory attributes. Notably, OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatment not only increased the titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) content but also improved the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species by maintaining high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. These results demonstrated that fresh‐keeping paper treatment has the potential to extend the post‐harvest life of strawberries and improve their quality.
Attrition rate and predictors of a monitoring mHealth application in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Desmet Maurane , Fillon Alicia , Thivel David , Tanghe Ann , Braet Caroline 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundIntegrating mobile health (mHealth) into paediatric obesity treatment can provide opportunities for more personalized and lifetime treatment. However, high attrition rates pose a significant challenge. The current study attempts to better understand attrition by exploring (1) attrition rates of a monitoring mHealth application for usage over 14 days and (2) testing predictors of attrition in adolescents with obesity.MethodsParticipants were 69 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who engaged in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment centre (either outpatient or inpatient) in two countries (Belgium and France). To assess the attrition rates, frequency distributions were used. To test the predictors of attrition, zero‐inflated negative binomial regression was performed.ResultsAttrition rates were high, in the outpatient group, more than half of the participants (53.3%) used the app for only 0–7 days. In the inpatient group, this percentage was 24.1%. Only deficits in initiating (a component of executive functions) were a negative predictor of attrition, indicating that deficits in initiating lead to lower attrition rates.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for high attrition rates in mHealth interventions for adolescents with obesity and was the first to investigate psychological predictors of attrition to an mHealth monitoring tool in adolescents with obesity in treatment. Findings regarding predictors of attrition should be approached with caution due to the small sample size.
Poverty and inequality impact of COVID‐19 pandemic: The case of Mazar‐i‐Sharif, Balkh province, Afghanistan
Authors: Khawari Baqir , Yusof Selamah Abdullah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoverty was already a main problem in Afghanistan even before, but it has exacerbated due to the pandemic. However, the actual impact of the pandemic on households had not been investigated. This study provides such analysis using data obtained from a strictly random survey of 1060 households in the capital of Balkh, the fourth most populated province in Afghanistan. Using headcount ratio and poverty gap measures and both income and expenditure approaches, the results show that an additional 12% of households fell below the poverty line, from an already high of 75% before the pandemic. The poverty gap index rises to 34%, but the computed Gini coefficient indicates no significant change in inequality. Poor governance and corruption in Afghanistan are major impediments to address the issue of poverty. This paper suggests several measures which can be implemented to have effective policies and governance to alleviate poverty.
How are personal wealth and trust correlated? A social capital–based cross‐sectional study from Latvia
Authors: Sechi Guido , Borri Dino , De Lucia Caterina , Šķilters Jurǵis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relation between social capital and socio‐economic wealth is a highly debated topic in development studies. This article aims at investigating the relationship between personal wealth and trust. It combines social capital with social categorization theory through a structural equation model based on a data set of over 1000 observations collected in the Republic of Latvia, on the basis of stratified sampling, in 2010, in the wake of a deep financial and economic crisis. Main results suggest evidence of an indirect relationship between wealth and interpersonal trust, with institutional trust and social engagement as mediating factors. This evidence is tested for residence place dimensions, ethno‐linguistic affiliation, education and income. Main results hold for poorer, less educated and rural respondents, whereas significant discrepancies arise for urban respondents. Finally, results highlight the interplay of socio‐economic dimensions and social and cultural identity. This suggests the existence of different dynamics of social capital accumulation at play, depending on various socio‐demographic and socio‐economic dimensions.
Recruiting without‐car drivers through multiple sources: the impact on a ride‐sharing platform's driver surplus and consumer surplus
Authors: Lin Qiang , Zhai Jiaxin , Jin Kangning , Lin Xiaogang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, ride‐sharing platforms have started to recruit not only with‐car drivers but also without‐car drivers. Without‐car drivers can directly rent cars from a ride‐sharing platform that operates its own fleets, which requires the platform to pay operating costs to manage the vehicles (self‐operated drivers) or rent cars from a car‐rental company that cooperates with the platform (rental drivers). This paper builds a stylized model to examine the impact of recruiting without‐car drivers on a platform's driver surplus, consumer surplus, and profit. We assume that a ride‐sharing platform first decides to recruit either with‐car drivers or both with‐ and without‐car drivers. Then, the platform sets a price charged to customers, a wage paid to drivers, and a rental fee charged to self‐operated drivers. Customers decide whether to order on a ride‐sharing platform based on the price and network externality term, while drivers choose to provide services according to the wage, rental fee charged by the platform or car‐rental company, and utilization rate. We find that when the platform recruits with‐car drivers (recruits with‐ and without‐car drivers), supply and demand are matched when the potential number of with‐car drivers is relatively small (large), while supply exceeds demand when the potential number of with‐car drivers is large (small). Moreover, when a ride‐sharing platform changes to recruit with‐ and without‐car drivers, the platform and customers always become better off, while drivers may not. Specifically, when the operating cost is relatively low or high (moderate), the drivers become better (worse) off.
Simplified and modified Limberg flap plus vacuum‐assisted closure for treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease
Authors: Xu Mingze , Wang Yuchong , Ma Xinyi , Liu Yanjun , Xue Chunyu , Dai Haiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus disease (PSD), a chronic inflammatory disease, affects the sacrococcygeal soft tissue, especially in young adults. The ideal treatment for PSD remains divergence. This study evaluated the application of a simplified modified Limberg flap combined with vacuum‐assisted closure for treating PSD.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted from 1 June 2017 to 31 March 2022 in Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. The study included 88 male patients (91.7%) and 8 female patients (8.3%). The 96 patients ranged in age from 15 to 34 years (mean ± SD, 23 ± 4.4). Under general anaesthesia, all patients underwent simplified modified Limberg flap reconstruction with vacuum‐assisted closure. The patient's weight, surgical time, extubation time, hospital stay, time to return to normal life or work, wound infection, wound dehiscence and recurrence rate were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Vancouver scar score were used to score patients' pain and scars in the surgical area.ResultsThe volume of resected diseased tissue was 13.5–120 (mean ± SD, 34.993 ± 24.406) cm2. The average surgical time during the treatment period was 97.68 ± 18.72 min, and the average extubation time was (6.36 ± 1.55) days, the mean hospital stay was 19.4 days; no patients were lost to follow‐up. None of the patients experienced post‐operative recurrence, wound infection, seroma or hematoma. Six patients (6.3%) experienced wound dehiscence at the flap tip around the natal cleft. The mean time to the resumption of daily activities was 26.3 days. The average VAS pain score was (6.00 ± 1.53) points, and the average Vancouver scar score was (5.96 ± 1.51) points, 12 patients (12.5%) were dissatisfied with their aesthetic results, and the average beauty satisfaction score is (6.64 ± 1.28) points.ConclusionsSimplified modified Limberg flap reconstruction with vacuum‐assisted closure surgery is an effective and innovative method for the treatment of PSD, with a low recurrence rate and rapid recovery.
Modulation of chalcogen‐functionalized MXenes Ti2CT2 (T = O, S, Se, and Te) as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Yiran , Lai Mengling , Zhao Juanli , Li Jiancheng , Li Wenxian , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExploration and exploitation of efficient and nonprecious catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the key solutions to energy problems. Two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes have attracted extensive attention as potential catalysts and supports due to their unique structure and customizable properties. In this work, we have systematically investigated the structural stability and electronic properties of chalcogen‐functionalized MXenes Ti2CT2 (T = O, S, Se, and Te) and Pt‐anchored Ti2CT2 MXenes (Pt‐Ti2CT2). Density functional theory calculations have discovered that all Ti2CT2 exhibit metallic electronic structures except Ti2CO2 with an indirect bandgap. Additionally, the electronic densities of states at Fermi level for Pt‐Ti2CT2 are greatly enhanced after anchoring Pt atoms. The reduction of chalcogen electronegativity is recognized to mainly contribute to weaker bond strength but greater electronic activity. Moreover, Pt‐Ti2CTe2 is predicted to exhibit near‐zero Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption especially at high hydrogen coverage, indicating its significant potential as HER catalysts. It is also revealed that Ti2CT2 and Pt‐Ti2CT2 MXenes are not only ideal candidates of catalyst materials but also could serve as good catalyst substrates. This work provides insights into the structural and chemical complexity of MXenes for catalyst applications but also demonstrates a new strategy to modulate high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalyst and support materials.
Assistant nurses' experiences of thirst and ethical dilemmas in dying patients in specialized palliative care—A qualitative study
Authors: Friedrichsen Maria , Jaarsma Tiny , Thulesius Hans , Waldreus Nana , Hedman Christel , Jaarsma Pier , Lythell Caroline , Milovanovic Micha , Karlsson Marit , Milberg Anna , Söderlund Schaller Anne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe assistant nurses' experiences of thirst and ethical challenges in relation to thirst in terminally ill patients in specialized palliative care (PC) units.DesignA qualitative, reflexive thematic design with an inductive analysis was used.MethodsData were collected during November 2021–January 2023. Twelve qualitative interviews with assistant nurses working in five different specialized PC units in different hospitals in Sweden were conducted. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with a reflexive thematic analysis. The study was guided by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).ResultsTwo main themes were found in this study. (1) ‘A world of practice for thirst relief’ where assistant nurses present a task‐oriented world where the knowledge of thirst is an experience‐based unspoken knowledge where mainly routines rule. (2) Ethical challenges presents different ethical problems that they meet in their practice, such as when patients express thirst towards the end of their life but are too severely ill to drink or when they watch lack of knowledge in the area among other health professionals.ConclusionThirst in dying patients is a neglected area that assistant nurses work with, without communicating it. Their knowledge of thirst and thirst relief are not expressed, seldom discussed, there are no policy documents nor is thirst documented in the patient's record. There is a need for nurses to take the lead in changing nursing practice regarding thirst.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.ImpactIn palliative care, previous studies have shown that dying patients might be thirsty. Assistant nurses recognize thirst in dying patients, but thirst is not discussed in the team. Nurses must consider the patient's fundamental care needs and address thirst, for example in the nursing process to ensure patients quality of life in the last days of life.Reporting MethodThe study was guided by the SRQR.What does this Article Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?Thirst is a distressing symptom for all humans. However, when a patient is dying, he or she loses several functions and can no longer drink independently. The knowledge from this article contributes to our understanding of current practice and shows an area that requires immediate attention for the improvement of fundamental palliative care delivery.
Effects of the DASH diet and losartan on serum urate among adults with hypertension: Results of a randomized trial
Authors: Castilla‐Ojo Noelle , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Conlin Paul R. , Appel Lawrence J. , Miller Edgar R. , Juraschek Stephen P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSerum urate is a risk factor for hypertension and gout. The DASH diet and losartan independently lower blood pressure (BP); however, their effects on serum urate are understudied. We performed a post‐hoc analysis of the DASH‐losartan trial, which randomized participants with hypertension in parallel fashion to the DASH diet or a standard American diet (control) and in crossover fashion to 4‐week losartan or placebo. Serum urate was measured at baseline and after each 4‐week period. Diets were designed to maintain weight constant. We examined the effects of DASH (vs control) and/or losartan (vs placebo) on serum urate, overall and among those with baseline serum urate ≥6 mg/dL, using generalized estimating equations. Of 55 participants (mean age 52 years, 58% women, 64% Black), mean (±SD) baseline ambulatory SBP/DBP was 146±12/91±9 and mean (±SD) serum urate was 5.2±1.2 mg/dL. The DASH diet did not significantly reduce urate levels overall (mean difference −0.05 mg/dL; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.28), but did decrease levels among participants with baseline hyperuricemia (−0.33 mg/dL; 95%CI: −0.87, 0.21; P‐interaction=0.007 across hyperuricemia groups). Losartan significantly decreased serum urate (−0.23 mg/dL; 95%CI: −0.40, −0.05) with greater effects on serum urate among adults <60 years old versus adults ≥60 years old (−0.33 mg/dL vs 0.16 mg/dL, P interaction = 0.003). In summary, the DASH diet significantly decreased serum urate among participants with higher urate at baseline, while losartan significantly reduced serum urate, especially among younger adults. Future research should examine the effects of these interventions in patients with hyperuricemia or gout.
Beyond classical theories: An integrative mathematical model of mating dynamics and parental care
Authors: Araujo Gui , Moura Rafael Rios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Classical theories, such as Bateman's principle and Trivers' parental investment theory, attempted to explain the coevolution of sexual selection and parental care through simple verbal arguments. Since then, quantitative models have demonstrated that it is rarely that simple because many non-intuitive structures and non-linear relationships are actually at play. In this study, we propose a new standard for models of mating dynamics and parental care, emphasizing the clarity and use of mathematical and probabilistic arguments, the meaning of consistency conditions, and the key role of spatial densities and the law of mass action. We used adaptive dynamics to calculate the evolutionary trajectory of the total care duration. Our results clearly show how the outcomes of parental care evolution can be diverse, depending on the quantitative balance between a set of dynamical forces arising from relevant differences and conditions in the male and female populations. The intensity of sexual selection, synergy of care, care quality, and relative mortality rates during mating interactions and caring activities act as forces driving evolutionary transitions between uniparental and biparental care. Sexual selection reduces the care duration of the selected sex, uniparental care evolves in the sex that offers the higher care quality, higher mortality during mating interactions of one sex leads to more care by that sex, and higher mortality during caring activities of one sex favours the evolution of uniparental care in the other sex. Both synergy and higher overall mortality during mating interactions can stabilize biparental care when sexual selection reduces the care duration of the selected sex. We discuss how the interaction between these forces influences the evolution of care patterns, and how sex ratios can vary and be interpreted in these contexts. We also propose new directions for future developments of our integrative model, creating new comparable analyses that share the same underlying assumptions and dynamical frameworks.
Abstract
Integrative mathematical model of mating dynamics and parental care.
Factors influencing the biomass of large‐bodied parrotfish species in the absence of fishing on coral reefs in Florida, USA
Authors: Zuercher Rachel , Kochan David , Harborne Alastair R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParrotfishes are a functionally critical component of Caribbean reef fish assemblages, with large‐bodied parrotfish species exerting particularly important top‐down control on macroalgae. Despite their importance, low biomasses of large‐bodied parrotfishes on many reefs hamper our ability to study and understand their ecology. Florida reefs, where most parrotfish fishing has been illegal since 1992, present a unique opportunity to explore covariates of their distribution. Using boosted regression tree models and 23 covariates, this study identified the major predictors of four species of Atlantic large‐bodied parrotfishes. Maximum hard substrate relief, the area of the surrounding reef, and the availability of seagrass habitat were each positively related to parrotfish presence. Strong positive relationships between parrotfish presence and biomass and the biomass of other parrotfishes on a reef suggest that all four species responded to a similar subset of environmental conditions. However, relationships between parrotfish presence and biomass and depth, habitat type, coral cover, and the proximity of a reef to deepwater habitats differed among species, highlighting distinct habitat preferences. These results can improve managers’ ability to target important biophysical correlates of large‐bodied parrotfishes with appropriate management interventions and identify areas for protection.
Cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology: a cohort study of adults with intellectual developmental disorder
Authors: Santambrogio J. , Bertelli M. O. , Terrevazzi S. , De Carolis L. , Francia E. , Boldoni C. , Calascibetta M. , Cudazzo E. , Lucca C. , Viganò V. , Danese M. , Minazzi G. A. , Santarone A. , Bianco A. , Hassiotis A. , Clerici M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment of intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) is determined by several different combinations of specific cognitive alterations. People with IDD present a rate of mental health problems that is up to 4 times higher than that of the general population. Despite this, the relationship between specific cognitive dysfunctions and co‐occurring mental disorders has not been adequately studied. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the association between specific cognitive dysfunctions and specific psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in people with IDD.MethodsOne hundred and twenty adults with mild to moderate IDD living in residential facilities underwent a clinical and instrumental assessment for specific cognitive and psychopathological features.ResultsParticipants with IDD and ASD have significantly lower scores compared to those without respect to who has not the diagnosis on the Processing Speed Index (PSI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) on the WAIS‐IV and higher time scores on the TMT A. Moreover, there is a significant association between years of hospitalisation and TMT B and TMT B A time scores; the longer a participant with IDD was hospitalised, the worse their performance on the TMT. Although not statistically significant, many psychopathological clusters showed substantial cognitive profiles.ConclusionsAlthough further research is needed, neuropsychological and IQ tests scores seem to be differently associated to various psychopathological conditions co‐occurring with IDD, and with ASD especially. Cognitive assessment seems to support diagnosis and treatment of psychopathological co‐occurrences in persons with IDD, also in consideration of indirect implications including a better knowledge of the patient's characteristics beyond IQ deficit.