bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf gas exchange characteristics, biomass partitioning, and water use efficiencies of two C4 African grasses under simulated drought
Authors: Mganga Kevin Z. , Kuhla Jana , Carminati Andrea , Pausch Johanna , Ahmed Mutez A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the effect of drought on the morpho‐physiological characteristics of African C4 grasses. We investigated how drought affects leaf gas exchange characteristics, biomass partitioning, and water use efficiencies of Enteropogon macrostachyus and Cenchrus ciliaris.MethodsThe grasses were grown in a controlled environment under optimum conditions, that is, 70% of the maximum water‐holding capacity (WHC) for the first 40 days. Thereafter, half of the columns were maintained under optimum or drought conditions (30% of maximum WHC) for another 20 days.ResultsUnder optimum conditions, C. ciliaris showed a significantly higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate than E. macrostachyus. Drought decreased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate only in C. ciliaris. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration of E. macrostachyus did not differ significantly under optimum and drought conditions. E. macrostachyus showed an increase in its water use efficiencies under drought to a greater extent than C. ciliaris.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that C. ciliaris is more sensitive to drought than E. macrostachyus. The decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration and the increase in stomatal limitation with drought in C. ciliaris and E. macrostachyus suggest that stomatal limitation plays the dominant role in photosynthesis of the studied African C4 grasses.
A narrative review of the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones—Popular alternatives to classical drugs of abuse
Authors: Kuropka Patryk , Zawadzki Marcin , Szpot Paweł 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature on the neuropharmacology of synthetic cathinones.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out across multiple databases (mainly PubMed, World Wide Web, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords.ResultsCathinones exhibit a broad toxicological profile, mimicking the effects of a wide variety of ‘classic drugs’ such as 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine and cocaine. Even small structural changes affect their interactions with key proteins. This article reviews existing knowledge of the mechanisms of action of cathinones at the molecular level, and key findings from research on their structure‐activity relationship. The cathinones are also classified according to their chemical structure and neuropharmacological profiles.ConclusionsSynthetic cathinones represent one of the most numerous and widespread groups among new psychoactive substances. Initially developed for therapeutic purposes, they quickly started to be used recreationally. With a rapidly increasing number of new agents entering the market, structure‐activity relationship studies are valuable for assessing and predicting the addictive potential and toxicity of new and potential future substances. The neuropharmacological properties of synthetic cathinones are still not fully understood. A full elucidation of the role of some key proteins, including organic cation transporters, requires detailed studies.
Multifunctional bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles: Evidence for selective melanoma therapy
Authors: Chaki Borrás Marcela Laura , Colbran Georgia , Mitchell David R. G. , Barker Philip J. , Sluyter Ronald , Konstantinov Konstantin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current study investigates the therapeutic and optical properties of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles for selective melanoma therapy and prevention. The Bi2O3 particles were prepared using a standard precipitation method. The Bi2O3 particles induced apoptosis in human A375 melanoma cells but not human HaCaT keratinocytes or CCD‐1090Sk fibroblast cells. This selective apoptosis appears to be associated with a combination of factors: increased particle internalization (2.29 ± 0.41, 1.16 ± 0.08 and 1.66 ± 0.22‐fold of control) and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (3.4 ± 0.1, 1.1 ± 0.1 and 2.05 ± 0.17‐fold of control) in A375 cells compared to HaCaT and CCD‐1090SK cells, respectively. As a high‐Z element, bismuth is also an excellent contrast agent for computer tomography, which renders Bi2O3 a theranostic material. Moreover, Bi2O3 displays high UV absorption and low photocatalytic activity compared to other semiconducting metal oxides, which opens further potential fields of application as a pigment or as an active ingredient in sunscreens. Overall, this study demonstrates the multifunctional properties of Bi2O3 particles surrounding the treatment and prevention of melanoma.
Electric shortages and mental health in Maracaibo, Venezuela: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Andrade Gabriel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor the past 10 years, Venezuela has undergone a severe electric crisis. However, not all regions have been equally affected. The city of Maracaibo has endured more blackouts than other cities, and they have now become routine. This article sought to study the impact of electric shortages on the mental health of Maracaibo's inhabitants. Using a sample from all districts in the city, the study sought to test if there are correlations between the number of hours without electricity (per week), and four dimensions of mental health: anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and boredom. Results came out showing that there are moderate correlations across all four variables.
Nuchal organs in the trochophore of Siboglinum fiordicum (Annelida, Siboglinidae)
Authors: Temereva Elena , Rimskaya‐Korsakova Nadezhda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNuchal organs are epidermal sensory structures present in most annelids. Based on one of the interpretations, they serve in larval settlement. Siboglinids lack nuchal organs in adult and larval stages, however, larvae of some siboglinids inhabiting seeps and hydrothermal vents are capable of swimming up to 100 km away from their home hydrothermal field to colonize a new one. One question that remains is, what organ are siboglinid larvae using to search and locate suitable substrates? To determine if any nuchal organs are present in siboglinid larvae, we studied the head and sensory apparatus in successive larval stages in a frenulate, Siboglinum fiordicum (Webb, 1963), using transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. In the early trochophore stage, we found an unpaired dorsal organ lying proximal to the posterior prototroch. This organ consists of trochoblast‐ and “covering” cells. Trochoblasts exhibited serotonin‐like immunoreactivity and likely correspond to ciliated supporting cells, where cilia and microvilli project into the olfactory chamber. The “covering” cells are characterized by the presence of large nuclei with numerous pores and thick processes that project into the olfactory chamber, forming the contacts with the trochoblast projections. We have shown for the first time the presence of a nuchal‐like organ in annelids as early as the trochophore stage. The presence of this organ in siboglinid trochophores while they are still in the inside the female tube suggests that this structure might be associated with functions other than settlement, such as communication or initiation of the departure from her tube.
Incidence and predictors of alcohol relapse following living donor liver transplantation for alcohol related liver disease
Authors: Falari Sanyam Santosh , Mohapatra Nihar , Patil Nilesh Sadashiv , Pattnaik Bramhadatta , Varshney Mohit , Choudhury Ashok , Sarin Shiv K. , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol relapse after liver transplantation has a negative impact on outcomes. There is limited data on its burden, the predictors, and impact following live donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsA single‐center observational study was carried out between July 2011 and March 2021 for patients undergoing LDLT for alcohol associated liver disease (ALD). The incidence, predictors of alcohol relapse, and post‐transplant outcomes were assessed.ResultsAltogether 720 LDLT were performed during the study period, 203 (28.19%) for ALD. The overall relapse rate was 9.85% (n = 20) with a median follow‐up of 52 months (range, 12–140 months). Sustained harmful alcohol use was seen in 4 (1.97%). On multivariate analysis, pre‐LT relapse (P = .001), duration of abstinence period (P = .007), daily intake of alcohol (P = .001), absence of life partner (P = .021), concurrent tobacco abuse before transplant (P = .001), the donation from second‐degree relative (P = .003) and poor compliance with medications (P = .001) were identified as predictors for relapse. Alcohol relapse was associated with the risk of graft rejection (HR 4.54, 95% CI: 1.751–11.80, P = .002).ConclusionOur results show that the overall incidence of relapse and rate of harmful drinking following LDLT is low. Donation from spouse and first degree relative was protective. History of daily intake, prior relapse, shorter pretransplant abstinence duration and lack of family support significantly predicted relapse.
Advanced MR Techniques for Preoperative Glioma Characterization: Part 1
Authors: Hirschler Lydiane , Sollmann Nico , Schmitz‐Abecassis Bárbara , Pinto Joana , Arzanforoosh Fatemehsadat , Barkhof Frederik , Booth Thomas , Calvo‐Imirizaldu Marta , Cassia Guilherme , Chmelik Marek , Clement Patricia , Ercan Ece , Fernández‐Seara Maria A. , Furtner Julia , Fuster‐Garcia Elies , Grech‐Sollars Matthew , Guven Nazmiye Tugay , Hatay Gokce Hale , Karami Golestan , Keil Vera C. , Kim Mina , Koekkoek Johan A. F. , Kukran Simran , Mancini Laura , Nechifor Ruben Emanuel , Özcan Alpay , Ozturk‐Isik Esin , Piskin Senol , Schmainda Kathleen , Svensson Siri F. , Tseng Chih‐Hsien , Unnikrishnan Saritha , Vos Frans , Warnert Esther , Zhao Moss Y. , Jancalek Radim , Nunes Teresa , Emblem Kyrre E. , Smits Marion , Petr Jan , Hangel Gilbert 
Published: March 2023

Preoperative clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation or lack thereof. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this first part, we discuss dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling, diffusion‐weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting. The second part of this review addresses magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, susceptibility‐weighted imaging, MRI‐PET, MR elastography, and MR‐based radiomics applications.Evidence Level: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Neo‐cartilage formation using human nondegenerate versus osteoarthritic chondrocyte‐derived cartilage organoids in a viscoelastic hydrogel
Authors: Kleuskens Meike W. A. , Crispim João F. , van Doeselaar Marina , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. , Janssen Rob P. A. , Ito Keita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent regenerative cartilage therapies are associated with several drawbacks such as dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during expansion and the formation of fibrocartilage. Optimized chondrocyte expansion and tissue formation could lead to better clinical results of these therapies. In this study, a novel chondrocyte suspension expansion protocol that includes the addition of porcine notochordal cell‐derived matrix was used to self‐assemble human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic (OA) and nondegenerate (ND) origin into cartilage organoids containing collagen type II and proteoglycans. Proliferation rate and viability were similar for OA and ND chondrocytes and organoids formed had a similar histologic appearance and gene expression profile. Organoids were then encapsulated in viscoelastic alginate hydrogels to form larger tissues. Chondrocytes on the outer bounds of the organoids produced a proteoglycan‐rich matrix to bridge the space between organoids. In hydrogels containing ND organoids some collagen type I was observed between the organoids. Surrounding the bulk of organoids in the center of the gels, in both OA and ND gels a continuous tissue containing cells, proteoglycans and collagen type II had been produced. No difference was observed in sulphated glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content between gels containing organoids from OA or ND origin after 28 days. It was concluded that OA chondrocytes, which can be harvested from leftover surgery tissue, perform similar to ND chondrocytes in terms of human cartilage organoid formation and matrix production in alginate gels. This opens possibilities for their potential to serve as a platform for cartilage regeneration but also as an in vitro model to study pathways, pathology, or drug development.
Earlier proteoglycan turnover promotes higher efficiency matrix remodeling in MRL/MpJ tendons
Authors: Aggouras Anthony N. , Connizzo Brianne K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile most mammalian tissue regeneration is limited, the Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) mouse has been identified to regenerate several tissues, including tendon. Recent studies have indicated that this regenerative response is innate to the tendon tissue and not reliant on a systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, we hypothesized that MRL/MpJ mice may also exhibit a more robust homeostatic regulation of tendon structure in response to mechanical loading. To assess this, MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6J flexor digitorum longus tendon explants were subjected to stress‐deprived conditions in vitro for up to 14 days. Explant tendon health (metabolism, biosynthesis, and composition), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, gene expression, and tendon biomechanics were assessed periodically. We found a more robust response to the loss of mechanical stimulus in the MRL/MpJ tendon explants, exhibiting an increase in collagen production and MMP activity consistent with previous in vivo studies. This greater collagen turnover was preceded by an early expression of small leucine‐rich proteoglycans and proteoglycan‐degrading MMP‐3, promoting efficient regulation and organization of newly synthesized collagen and allowing for more efficient overall turnover in MRL/MpJ tendons. Therefore, mechanisms of MRL/MpJ matrix homeostasis may be fundamentally different from that of B6 tendons and may indicate better recovery from mechanical microdamage in MRL/MpJ tendons. We demonstrate here the utility of the MRL/MpJ model in elucidating mechanisms of efficient matrix turnover and its potential to shed light on new targets for more effective treatments for degenerative matrix changes brought about by injury, disease, or aging.
On the adsorption kinetics of an eco‐friendly surfactant n‐decyl‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Chi , Hussain Siam , Tsay Ruey‐Yug , Lin Shi‐Yow , Le Thu Thi‐Yen , Van Nho Tran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEco‐friendly surfactant alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) have garnered ample interest in the literature. However, the adsorption kinetics of APGs at an air‐water interface has not been studied to date. Consequently, this study aimed at investigating the adsorption kinetics of the APG n‐decyl‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside (β‐C10G2) at a freshly created air‐water interface. The dynamic and equilibrium surface tension (ST) of the aqueous β‐C10G2 solutions were experimentally measured at varying concentrations using a pendant bubble tensiometer and the ST data were examined via theoretical simulations using the Langmuir and Frumkin models. The fitting results revealed that the Frumkin model (with K = −2.9) well‐predicted the equilibrium ST data; signifying a considerable cohesive intermolecular force amidst the adsorbed β‐C10G2 molecules. The theoretical mixed‐controlled ST profiles (predicted by the Frumkin model) described the dynamic ST data reasonably well, but the adsorption rate constant increased significantly at increasing concentration. A comparison on the ST data of β‐C10G2 and β‐C12G2 (n‐dodecyl‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside) was also conducted and a relatively greater surface‐activity and lower cmc of the latter alkyl glycoside was observed.
Separation of diarylethene‐based photoswitchable isomeric compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Salazar Brandon L. , Marr Zoe Y. , Benedict Jason B. , Colón Luis A. 
Published: March 2023

Diarylethene‐based photoswitches have become very popular over the last few decades for potential applications in chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology due to their unique physical and chemical properties. We report the isomeric separation of a diarylethene‐based photoswitchable compound using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The separated isomers were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry confirmed the isomeric nature of the compounds. The isomers were purified by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, providing fractionated samples to study the isomers individually. A total amount of 13 mg of an isomer of interest was fractionated from a solution of 0.4 mg/ml of the isomeric mixture. Because the preparative high‐performance liquid chromatographic method required large quantities of solvent, we explored the use of supercritical fluid chromatography as an alternative separation mode which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time this technique is used to separate diarylethene‐based photoswitchable compounds. Supercritical fluid chromatography provided faster analysis times while maintaining sufficient baseline resolution for the separated compounds and consuming less organic solvent in the mobile phase compared to high‐performance liquid chromatography. It is proposed that the supercritical fluid chromatographic method be upscaled and used in future fractionation of the diarylethene isomeric compounds, becoming a more environmentally benign approach for compound purification.
Efficacy of dupilumab in moderate and severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Weidinger Stephan , Simpson Eric L. , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Schmitt Jochen , Leshem Yael A. , Katoh Norito , Chen Zhen , Zhang Haixin , Shumel Brad , Bansal Ashish , Chao Jingdong , Lu Yufang , Rossi Ana B. , Abramova Alvina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment responses may differ between patients with severe versus moderate atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectivesTo assess dupilumab response by baseline AD severity in adolescent and adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsWe assessed dupilumab response by baseline AD severity in 1719 patients aged ≥12 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD from five randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials. Patients received subcutaneous placebo or dupilumab as monotherapy (300 mg [adults, adolescents] or 200 mg [adolescents] every 2 weeks; 16 weeks), or with concomitant topical corticosteroids (TCS) (adults; 16/52 weeks). Patients were stratified by baseline Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score (3 [moderate]/4 [severe]).ResultsDupilumab‐treated patients with moderate AD had numerically higher absolute proportions of patients achieving IGA 0/1 (clear/almost clear) than those with severe AD; risk differences (dupilumab vs. placebo) were 18.9–35.5 for moderate AD and 16.4–34.2 for severe AD. For all other endpoints assessed, no meaningful differences or consistent response patterns between moderate and severe subgroups were observed.ConclusionsDupilumab with or without TCS demonstrated similar efficacy in patients with moderate or severe AD.
Widespread synchrony in phosphorus concentrations in northern lakes linked to winter temperature and summer precipitation
Authors: Isles Peter D. F. , Creed Irena F. , Hessen Dag O. , Kortelainen Pirkko , Paterson Michael , Pomati Francesco , Rusak James A. , Vuorenmaa Jussi , Bergström Ann‐Kristin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, unexplained declines in lake total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have been observed at northern latitudes (> 42°N latitude) where most of the world's lakes are found. We compiled data from 389 lakes in Fennoscandia and eastern North America to investigate the effects of climate on lake TP concentrations. Synchrony in year‐to‐year variability is an indicator of climatic influences on lake TP, because other major influences on nutrients (e.g., land use change) are not likely to affect all lakes in the same year. We identified significant synchrony in lake TP both within and among different geographic regions. Using a bootstrapped random forest analysis, we identified winter temperature as the most important factor controlling annual TP, followed by summer precipitation. In Fennoscandia, TP was negatively correlated with the winter East Atlantic Pattern, which is associated with regionally warmer winters. Our results suggest that, in the absence of other overriding factors, lake TP and productivity may decline with continued winter warming in northern lakes.
Injectable Polyzwitterionic Lubricant for Complete Prevention of Cardiac Adhesion
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhai Weijie , Zhang Hongyu , Cheng Shujie , Li Jinghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter cardiac surgery, tissue damage to the heart may cause adhesion between heart and its surrounding tissues. Post‐operative cardiac adhesion may lead to limited normal cardiac function, decreased quality of cardiac surgery, and increased risk of major bleeding during reoperation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective anti‐adhesion therapy to overcome cardiac adhesion. An injectable polyzwitterionic lubricant is developed to prevent adhesion between the heart and surrounding tissues and to maintain normal pumping function of the heart. This lubricant is evaluated in a rat heart adhesion model. Poly (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (i.e., PMPC) polymers are successfully prepared via free radical polymerization of monomer MPC, and the optimal lubricating performance, biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. Besides, a rat heart adhesion model is conducted to evaluate the bio‐functionality of lubricated PMPC. The results prove that PMPC is a promising lubricant for complete adhesion‐prevention. The injectable polyzwitterionic lubricant shows excellent lubricating properties and biocompatibility and can effectively prevent cardiac adhesion.