bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning algorithms to investigate factors associated with complete edentulism among older adults in the United States
Authors: Oladayo Abimbola M. , Miyuraj Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage , Zeng Erliang , Caplan Daniel J. , Butali Azeez , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsEdentulism is an incapacitating condition, and its prevalence is unequal among different population groups in the United States (US) despite its declining prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the current prevalence, apply Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms to investigate factors associated with complete tooth loss among older US adults, and compare the performance of the models.MethodsThe cross‐sectional 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data was used to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with edentulism. ML models were developed to identify factors associated with edentulism utilizing seven ML algorithms. The performance of these models was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsAn overall prevalence of 11.9% was reported. The AdaBoost algorithm (AUC = 84.9%) showed the best performance. Analysis showed that the last dental visit, educational attainment, smoking, difficulty walking, and general health status were among the top factors associated with complete edentulism.ConclusionFindings from our study support the declining prevalence of complete edentulism in older adults in the US and show that it is possible to develop a high‐performing ML model to investigate the most important factors associated with edentulism using nationally representative data.
BK virus genotypes and humoral response in kidney transplant recipients with BKV associated nephropathy
Authors: Gras Julien , Nere Marie Laure , Peraldi Marie Noëlle , Bonnet‐Madin Lucie , Salmona Maud , Taupin Jean Luc , Desgrandchamps François , Verine Jérôme , Brochot Etienne , Amara Ali , Molina Jean Michel , Delaugerre Constance 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVN), BKV genotypes’ evolution and anti‐BKV humoral response are not well established. We aim to analyze BKV replication and genetic evolution following transplantation, and characterize concomitant anti‐BKV‐VP1 humoral response.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of biopsy‐proven BKVN. Stored plasma and kidney biopsies were tested for BKV viral load, and VP1 sequencing performed on positive samples. BKV–VP1 genotype‐specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) titers were determined at transplantation and BKVN.ResultsAt the time of BKVN diagnosis, BKV viral load was 8.2 log10IU/106 cells and 5.4 log10IU/mL in kidney and plasma, respectively. VP1 sequencing identified the same BKV‐subtype in both compartments in 31/32 cases. At the time of transplantation, 8/20 (40%) of biopsies tested positive for BKV detection, whereas concomitant BKV viremia was negative. VP1 sequencing identified a different subtype compared to BKVN in 5/6 of these samples. This was confirmed following transplantation: 8 patients had a BKV+ biopsy before BKV viremia, and VP1 sequencing identified a different subtype compared to BKVN in all of them. After the onset of BKV viremia and prior to BKVN diagnosis, the BKV subtype in BKV+ plasma and kidney biopsy was the same as the one isolated at BKVN. BKV–VP1 NAbs titers were significantly higher at the time of BKVN compared to transplantation (p = .0031), with similar titers across genotypes.ConclusionAltogether, our data suggest that among some KTR with BKVN, the BKV genotype from the donor may not be responsible for BKVN pathogenesis.
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Density of antibiotic use and infectious complications in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Andrew Eden C. , Khaw Seong Lin , Hanna Diane , Conyers Rachel , Fleming Jacqueline , Hughes David , Toro Claudia , Wang Stacie Shiqi , Weerdenburg Heather , Anderson Sally , Cole Theresa , Haeusler Gabrielle M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics, while an essential component of supportive care in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT), can have adverse effects and select for antibiotic resistance. Understanding of patterns of use will inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions.MethodsRetrospective, single‐center cohort of children undergoing first allo‐HCT (n = 125). Antibiotic prescription and infection data were included from the date conditioning was commenced until 30 days post allo‐HCT. Antibiotic use was reported as length of therapy (LOT) (number of days a patient received an antibiotic) and days of therapy DOT (aggregating all antibiotics prescribed per day). Infections were classified as microbiologically documented infection (MDI) or clinically documented infections.ResultsAt least one course of antibiotics was administered to 124 (99%) patients. The LOT was 636 per 1000 patient days and DOT was 959 per 1000 patient days. The median duration of cumulative antibiotic exposure per patient was 24 days (interquartile range [IQR] 20–30 days). There were 131 days of fever per 1000 patient days with patients febrile for a median of 4 days (IQR 1–7 days). Piperacillin–tazobactam was used for 116 (94%) of patients with an LOT of 532 per 1000 patient days. A total of 119 MDI episodes occurred in 74 (59%) patients, including blood stream infection in 30 (24%) and a proven/probable invasive fungal infection in 4 (3%).ConclusionPediatric HCT patients receive prolonged courses of broad‐spectrum antibiotics relative to the frequency of fever and bacterial infections. This study has identified opportunities for AMS intervention to improve outcomes for our HCT patients.
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Incompatible red blood cell transfusion for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn secondary to anti‐U: A case report
Authors: Badawi Maha A. , Al‐Wassia Heidi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a challenging condition that may necessitate the need for intrauterine or neonatal transfusion. The ability to provide compatible blood depends on antibody identification and antigen prevalence. We describe the case of a newborn that was affected by HDFN secondary to a high‐prevalence antigen of unknown specificity.Study Design and MethodsA 29‐year‐old mother underwent emergency cesarean section for fetal distress. The newborn had severe anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Antibody screening and identification on maternal plasma revealed pan reactivity with negative autocontrol. The cord sample had the same pattern with positive Direct Antiglobulin Test. Incompatible group O red blood cells were transfused to the newborn with no complications.ResultsTesting the maternal sample at a reference laboratory revealed the presence of anti‐U at a high titer.DiscussionIn life‐threatening conditions, it may be necessary to transfuse incompatible units. In patients who require transfusion in the presence of an identified antibody against a high‐prevalence antigen, sources for rare blood should be explored. These include autologous donations for adults, collecting blood from relatives (including mothers), and fresh or frozen units from rare donors through rare donor registries.
Calibration of a novel rebound tonometer (Tono‐Vera® vet) in the porcine eye
Authors: Mills Erinn P. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Emelogu Ugochi , Carter Renee T. , Camacho‐Luna Pilar , Lewin Andrew Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePorcine models of ocular disease are becoming increasingly utilized. A recently commercialized ocular tonometer, the Reichert Tono‐Vera® Vet, has not been evaluated for use in pigs. The purpose of this study was to calibrate this device for use in porcine eyes and to determine which settings are most appropriate for use in pigs.ProcedureThe anterior chambers of five freshly enucleated normal porcine eyes were cannulated then connected to a reservoir of balanced salt solution and a physiologic monitor. Triplicate measurements were obtained with the four available settings: dog, cat, horse, and rabbit at intraocular pressures ranging from 5– to 80 mmHg. Bland–Altman analysis was utilized to determine bias and 95% limits of agreement for each setting.ResultsThere was a strong positive linear regression trend for all settings (dogr2 = 0.986, horser2 = 0.947, catr2 = 0.977, and rabbitr2 = 0.982). The linear regression equations for the dog, horse, cat, and rabbit setting were y = 1.0168x – 2.6128, y = 0.8743x – 3.4959, y = 0.9394x – 7.3188, and y = 1.1082x – 3.4077. The average bias and 95% limits of agreement for dog, horse, cat, and rabbit settings were − 2.00, −8.32, −9.58, and 0.57 mmHg, and (−7.52, 3.53), (−19.00, 2.37), (−16.66, −2.50), and (−7.79, 8.93), in mmHg.ConclusionThe Tono‐Vera® Vet dog setting was most accurate and precise setting compared to true intraocular pressures. This setting is likely to be appropriate for in vivo use in pigs, with the appropriate correction formula applied.
In-situ Empirical Characterization of Constructive Typologies and Vulnerability Factors of Historical Nuclei, as a Prerequisite for the Construction of Suitable Experimental and Numerical Models - Case of the Dellys Kasbah
Authors: Bougdal Kamal , Cherif Nabila 
Published: February 2023

This article aims to characterize empirically the constructive typologies of the Kasbah of Dellys, Algeria and the damage associated with them following the 2003 earthquake.
Visual recognition is essential as a prerequisite for the definition of experimental programs and simulation tools based on the typological characteristics of these discrete structures.
From the corollary of the data collected, there are categories of vulnerabilities involving building scales ranging from masonry apparatus to built aggregates and structural components. To this end, an adapted theoretical experimental protocol is outlined, combining several methods and levels of urbanfabric, structures and material investigations in accordance with the heritage character and the progress of research on weak masonry structures.
Real-Time Simulation of Ground Vehicles on Deformable Terrain
Authors: Serban Radu , Taves Jay , Zhou Zhenhao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sophisticated modeling and simulation, based on rigid and flexible multibody dynamics, are nowadays a standard procedure in the design and analysis of vehicle systems and are widely adopted for on-road driving. Off-road driving for both terrestrial wheeled and tracked vehicles, as well as wheeled and legged robots and rovers for extra-terrestrial exploration pose additional modeling and simulation challenges, a primary one being that of the vehicle–terrain interaction, modeling of deformable terrain, and terramechanics in general. Techniques for modeling deformable terrain span an entire range varying in complexity, representation accuracy, and ensuing computational effort. While formulations such as fully resolved granular dynamics, continuum representation of granular material, or finite element can provide a high level of accuracy, they do so at a significant cost, even when the implementation leverages parallel computing and/or hardware accelerators. Real-time or faster than real-time terramechanics is a highly desired capability (in applications such as training of autonomous vehicles and robotic systems) or critical capability (in applications such as human-in-the-loop or hardware-in-the-loop). We present a real-time capable deformable soil implementation, extended from the soil contact model (SCM) developed at the German Aerospace Center which in turn can be viewed as a generalization of the Bekker-Wong and Janosi-Hanamoto semi-empirical models for soil interaction with arbitrary three-dimensional shapes and arbitrary contact patches. This SCM implementation is available, alongside more computationally intensive deformable soil representations, in the open-source multiphysics package Chrono. We describe the overall implementation and the features of the Chrono SCM model, the efficient underlying data structures, the current multicore parallelization aspects, and its scalability properties for concurrent simulation of multiple vehicles on deformable terrain.
Inclination and heterogeneity of layered geological sequences influence dike-induced ground deformation
Authors: Clunes Matías , Browning John , Marquardt Carlos , Cortez Jorge , Drymoni Kyriaki , Kavanagh Janine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Constraints on the amount and pattern of ground deformation induced by dike emplacement are important for assessing potential eruptions. The vast majority of ground deformation inversions made for volcano monitoring during volcanic unrest assume that dikes are emplaced in either an elastic half-space (a homogeneous crust) or a crust made of horizontal layers with different mechanical properties. We extend these models by designing a novel set of two-dimensional finite-element method numerical simulations that consider dike-induced surface deformation related to a mechanically heterogeneous crust with inclined layers, thus modeling a common geometry in stratovolcanoes and crustal segments that have been folded by tectonic forces. Our results confirm that layer inclination can produce localized ground deformation that may be as much as 40× higher in terms of deformation magnitude than would be expected in a non-layered model, depending on the angle of inclination and the stiffness of the rock units that host and are adjacent to the dike. Generated asymmetrical deformation patterns produce deformation peaks located as much as 1.4 km away from those expected in non-layered models. These results highlight the necessity of accurately quantifying both the mechanical properties and attitude of the geology underlying active volcanoes.
Comparison of antipsychotic dose equivalents for acute bipolar mania and schizophrenia
Authors: Yu Chia-Ling , Carvalho Andre F , Thompson Trevor , Tsai Tzu-Cheng , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Chih-Wei , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung 
Published: February 2023

QuestionAre antipsychotic dose equivalents between acute mania and schizophrenia the same?Study selection and analysisSix databases were systematically searched (from inception to 17 September 2022) to identify blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that used a flexible-dose oral antipsychotic drug for patients with acute mania. The mean and SD of the effective dose and the pre–post changes in manic symptoms were extracted. A network meta-analysis (NMA) under a frequentist framework was performed to examine the comparative efficacy between the antipsychotics. A classic mean dose method (sample size weighted) was used to calculate each antipsychotic dose equivalent to 1 mg/day olanzapine for acute mania. The antipsychotic dose equivalents of acute mania were compared with published data for schizophrenia.FindingsWe included 42 RCTs which enrolled 11 396 participants with acute mania. The NMA showed that risperidone was superior to olanzapine (reported standardised mean difference: −022, 95% CI −0.41 to –0.02), while brexpiprazole was inferior to olanzapine (standardised mean difference: 0.36, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.64). The dose equivalents to olanzapine (with SD) were 0.68 (0.23) for haloperidol, 0.32 (0.07) for risperidone, 0.60 (0.11) for paliperidone, 8.00 (1.41) for ziprasidone, 41.46 (5.98) for quetiapine, 1.65 (0.32) for aripiprazole, 1.23 (0.20) for asenapine, 0.53 (0.14) for cariprazine and 0.22 (0.03) for brexpiprazole. Compared with the olanzapine dose equivalents for schizophrenia, those of acute mania were higher for quetiapine (p<0.001, 28.5%) and aripiprazole (p<0.001, 17.0%), but lower for haloperidol (p<0.001, –8.1%) and risperidone (p<0.001, –15.8%).ConclusionsAntipsychotic drugs have been considered first-line treatment for acute mania, warranting specific dose equivalence for scientific and clinical purposes.
Health and economic burden of disease of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in four Latin American and Caribbean countries: a modelling study
Authors: Alcaraz Andrea , Bardach Ariel Esteban , Espinola Natalia , Perelli Lucas , Rodriguez Cairoli Federico , La Foucade Althea , de Mello Vianna Cid Manso , Guevara Giovanni , Gittens-Baynes Kimberly-Ann , Johns Paula , Beharry Vyjanti , Balán Darío Javier , Palacios Alfredo , Augustovski Federico , Pichon-Riviere Andres 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveOverweight and obesity are important contributors to the non-communicable disease burden. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, cancer and other conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the burden of disease attributable to the consumption of SSBs and the costs to the healthcare systems in Argentina, Brazil, El Salvador, and Trinidad and Tobago.DesignFollowing a systematic review of models, a comparative risk assessment framework was developed to estimate the health and economic impact associated with the consumption of SSBs.SettingArgentina, Brazil, El Salvador, and Trinidad and Tobago.ParticipantsOverall population.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe model estimated the effects of SSB consumption on health through two causal pathways: one mediated by body mass index (BMI) and health conditions associated with BMI and another that reflected the independent effects of SSB consumption on T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.ResultsThe model results indicated that for all four countries, in 1 year, SSB consumption was associated with 18 000 deaths (3.2% of the total disease-related deaths), seven million disease events (3.3% of the total disease-related events), a half-million DALYs and US$2 billion in direct medical costs. This included 1.5 million cases of overweight and obesity in children/adolescents (12% of the excess weight cases) and 2.8 million cases in adults (2.8%); 2.2 million cases of type 2 diabetes (19%); 200 000 cases of heart disease (3.8%); 124 000 strokes (3.9%); 116 000 cases of musculoskeletal disease (0.2%); 102 000 cases of kidney disease (0.9%); and 45 000 episodes of asthma (0.4%). The Trinidad and Tobago population were the most affected by disease events.ConclusionsThe study results indicate that the consumption of SSBs is associated with a significant burden of disease and death in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Project20: maternity care mechanisms that improve access and engagement for women with social risk factors in the UK – a mixed-methods, realist evaluation
Authors: Rayment-Jones Hannah , Dalrymple Kathryn , Harris James M , Harden Angela , Parslow Elidh , Georgi Thomas , Sandall Jane 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate how women access and engage with different models of maternity care, whether specialist models improve access and engagement for women with social risk factors, and if so, how?DesignRealist evaluation.SettingTwo UK maternity service providers.ParticipantsWomen accessing maternity services in 2019 (n=1020).MethodsProspective observational cohort with multinomial regression analysis to compare measures of access and engagement between models and place of antenatal care. Realist informed, longitudinal interviews with women accessing specialist models of care were analysed to identify mechanisms.Main outcome measuresMeasures of access and engagement, healthcare-seeking experiences.ResultsThe number of social risk factors women were experiencing increased with deprivation score, with the most deprived more likely to receive a specialist model that provided continuity of care. Women attending hospital-based antenatal care were more likely to access maternity care late (risk ratio (RR) 2.51, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.70), less likely to have the recommended number of antenatal appointments (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.99) and more likely to have over 15 appointments (RR 4.90, 95% CI 2.50 to 9.61) compared with community-based care. Women accessing standard care (RR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.11) and black women (RR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.11) were less likely to have appointments with a known healthcare professional compared with the specialist model. Qualitative data revealed mechanisms for improved access and engagement including self-referral, relational continuity with a small team of midwives, flexibility and situating services within deprived community settings.ConclusionInequalities in access and engagement with maternity care appears to have been mitigated by the community-based specialist model that provided continuity of care. The findings enabled the refinement of a realist programme theory to inform those developing maternity services in line with current policy.
Explaining the UK’s ‘high-risk’ approach to type 2 diabetes prevention: findings from a qualitative interview study with policy-makers in England
Authors: Barry Eleanor , Greenhalgh Trisha , Shaw Sara , Papoutsi Chrysanthi 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesWhen seeking to prevent type 2 diabetes, a balance must be struck between individual approaches (focusing on people’s behaviour ‘choices’) and population approaches (focusing on the environment in which those choices are made) to address the socioeconomic complexity of diabetes development. We sought to explore how this balance is negotiated in the accounts of policy-makers developing and enacting diabetes prevention policy.MethodsTwelve semistructured interviews were undertaken with nine UK policy-makers between 2018–2021. We explored their perspectives on disease prevention strategies and what influenced policy decision-making. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically using NVIVO. We used Shiffman’s political priority framework to theorise why some diabetes prevention policy approaches gather political support while others do not.ResultsThe distribution of power and funding among relevant actors, and the way they exerted their power determined the dominant approach in diabetes prevention policy. As a result of this distribution, policy-makers framed their accounts of diabetes prevention policies in terms of individual behaviour change, monitoring personal quantitative markers but with limited ability to effect population-level approaches. Such an approach aligns with the current prevailing neoliberal political context, which focuses on individual lifestyle choices to prevent disease rather than on infrastructure measures to improve the environments and contexts within which those choices are made.ConclusionWithin new local and national policy structures, there is an opportunity for collaborative working among the National Health Service, local governments and public health teams to balance the focus on disease prevention, addressing upstream drivers of ill health as well as targeting individuals with the highest risk of diabetes.