bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative mortality and its determinants in community-based people with type 1 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I
Authors: Rajapaksa Ruwani , Davis Wendy A , Davis Timothy M E 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare mortality in community-based Australians with type 1 diabetes (T1D), without diabetes, or with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsThe longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) T1D cohort, matched people without diabetes from the FDS1 catchment area, and matched FDS1 participants with T2D were followed up from entry (1993–1996) to death/end-2017. Mortality rates (MRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were calculated. Cox regression models identified independent determinants of death.ResultsOf 121 participants with T1D and 484 age/sex/postcode-matched people without diabetes (pooled mean±SD age 43.1±15.3 years, 59.2% men), 55 (45.5%, MR 25.7 (95% CI 19.4 to 33.5)/1000 person-years) and 88 (18.2%, MR 8.5 (95% CI 6.8 to 10.4)/1000 person-years), respectively, died during 12 541 person-years of follow-up (MRR 3.04 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.31), p<0.001). Among participants with T1D, diagnosis at age 18–27 years and baseline HbA1c, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, and retinopathy were independent predictors of death (p≤0.011). Twenty-five FDS1 participants died from cardiovascular disease (MR 11.7 (95% CI 7.6 to 17.3)/1000 person-years) vs 28 residents without diabetes (MR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.9)/1000 person-years; MRR (95% CI) 4.34 (2.43, 7.73) (p<0.001). There were 93 FDS1 participants with T1D who were age/sex matched with an FDS1 participant with T2D and 53 (57.0%) and 37 (39.8%), respectively, died (p=0.027). In pooled Cox regression analysis, T1D was not a determinant of mortality (HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.97), p=0.523).ConclusionsT1D substantially increases the risk of death, especially when diagnosed in late adolescence/young adulthood. Diabetes type does not influence mortality after adjustment for key confounding variables.
Study protocol of the WashT Trial: transfusion with washed versus unwashed red blood cells to reduce morbidity and mortality in infants born less than 28 weeks’ gestation - a multicentre, blinded, parallel group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stark Michael J , Collins Carmel T , Andersen Chad C , Crawford Tara M , Sullivan Thomas R , Bednarz Jana , Morton Rachael , Marks Denese C , Dieng Mbathio , Owen Louise S , Opie Gillian , Travadi Javeed , Tan Kenneth , Morris Scott 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMany extremely preterm newborns develop anaemia requiring a transfusion, with most receiving three to five transfusions during their admission. While transfusions save lives, the potential for transfusion-related adverse outcomes is an area of growing concern. Transfusion is an independent predictor of death and is associated with increased morbidity, length of hospital stay, risk of infection and immune modulation. The underlying mechanisms include adverse pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses. Evidence supports an association between transfusion of washed red cells and fewer post-transfusion complications potentially through removal of chemokines, lipids, microaggregates and other biological response modifiers. However, the clinical and cost-effectiveness of washed cells have not been determined.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded trial of washed versus unwashed red cells. Infants <28 weeks’ gestation requiring a transfusion will be enrolled. Transfusion approaches will be standardised within each study centre and will occur as soon as possible with a recommended fixed transfusion volume of 15 mL/kg whenever the haemoglobin is equal to or falls below a predefined restrictive threshold, or when clinically indicated. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality and/or major morbidity to first discharge home, defined as one or more of the following: physiologically defined bronchopulmonary dysplasia; unilateral or bilateral retinopathy of prematurity grade >2, and; necrotising enterocolitis stage ≥2. To detect a 10% absolute reduction in the composite outcome from 69% with unwashed red blood cell (RBCs) to 59% with washed RBCs with 90% power, requires a sample size of 1124 infants (562 per group). Analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis with a prespecified statistical analysis plan. A cost-effectiveness analysis will also be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/12/WCHN/55). The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles and conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000237785 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Two-stage method of free gingival graft prior to periodontal regenerative surgery for the treatment of intrabony defects with insufficient keratinised tissue width: a study protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Haohao , Liu Jialiang , Guo Mudi , Chen Xiaofeng , Chen Meihua 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionGuided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with bone grafting for periodontal regenerative surgery has ideal clinical results for intrabony defect. However, some sites of intrabony defects often suffer from insufficient keratinised gingival width, which affects the efficacy and long-term prognosis of periodontal tissue regeneration. Free gingival graft (FGG) is an effective surgical procedure to widen the keratinised gingiva, but there are few clinical studies on FGG prior to GTR combination with bone grafting to improve clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study is an open-label randomised controlled trial. 68 patients with periodontitis with at least one intrabony defect depth with ≥3 mm are recruited and randomly grouped. In the test group, FGG is performed first, followed by GTR and bone grafting 3 months later; while in the control group, only periodontal tissue regenerative procedures are performed. After completion of all procedures, the patients will be recalled at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months and the relevant clinical and radiographic examinations will be carried out and statistical analysis of the data will also be performed. The present research has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (No.2022–007) on 4 August 2022.DiscussionExploring the effectiveness of the two-stage approach of FGG prior to periodontal tissue regenerative surgery for the treatment of keratinised gingival width deficient intrabony defects can provide a high-level evidence-based basis for the formulation of relevant treatment strategies in clinical practice.Ethics and disseminationThe present research has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (No.2022–007) on 4 August 2022. The patients will be incorporated into this trial only after their written informed consent has been obtained. The study will be performed according to the 2013 revision of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. Personal information of all subjects will be stored in the Department of Periodontology of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital. Data of the present research will be registered with the Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Additionally, we will disseminate the results through scientific journals.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR 2200063180. Registered on 1 September 2022.
Landscape of team-based care to manage hypertension: results from two surveys in low/middle-income countries
Authors: Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Cazabon Danielle , Moran Andrew E , Neupane Dinesh , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Edward Anbrasi , Pariyo George W , Appel Lawrence J , Matsushita Kunihiro , Hongwei Zhang , Tong Liu , Dessie Girma A , Worku Addisu , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Jubayer Shamim , Bhuiyan Mahfuzur Rahman , Islam Shahinul , Osi Kufor , Odu Joseph , Obagha Emmanuel Chijioke , Ojji Dike , Huffman Mark D , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTeam-based care is essential for improving hypertension outcomes in low-resource settings. We assessed perceptions of country representatives and healthcare workers (HCWs) on team-based hypertension care in low/middle-income countries.DesignTwo cross-sectional surveys.SettingThe first survey (Country Profile Survey) was conducted in 17 countries and eight in-country regions: Algeria, Bangladesh, Burundi, Chile, China (Beijing, Henan, Shandong), Cuba, Ethiopia, India (Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Telangana), Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda and Vietnam. The second survey (HCW Survey) was conducted in four countries: Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia and Nigeria.ParticipantsUsing convenience sampling, participants for the Country Profile Survey were representatives from 17 countries and eight in-country regions, and the HCW Survey was administered to HCWs in Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia and Nigeria.Outcome measuresCountry-level use of team-based hypertension care framework, comprising administrative, basic and advanced clinical tasks. Current practices of different HCW cadres, perspectives on team-based management of hypertension, barriers and facilitators.ResultsIn the Country Profile Survey, all (23/23, 100%) countries/regions surveyed integrated team-based care for basic clinical hypertension management tasks, less for advanced tasks (7/23, 30%). In the HCW Survey, 854 HCWs participated, 47% of whom worked in rural settings. Most HCWs in the sample acknowledged the value of team-based hypertension care. Although there were slight variations by country in the study sample, overall, barriers to team-based hypertension care were identified as inadequate training (83%); regulatory issues (76%); resistance by patients (56%), physicians (42%) and nurses (40%). Facilitators identified were use of treatment algorithms (94%), telehealth/m-health technology (92%) and adequate compensation for HCWs (80%).ConclusionsOur findings revealed key lessons for health systems and governments regarding team-based care implementation. Specifically, policies to facilitate additional training, optimise HCWs’ roles within care teams, use of hypertension treatment protocols and telehealth/m-health technology will be essential to promote team-based care.
Retinopathy of prematurity among infants admitted to two neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia
Authors: Sherief Sadik Taju , Taye Kalekirstos , Teshome Tiliksew , Demtse Asrat , Gilbert Clare 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods and analysisA prospective screening survey was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 in two level 3 public NICUs. Infants with a birth weight (BW) of ≤1500 g or gestational age (GA) of ≤32 weeks and those with a BW of >1500 g and GA of >32 weeks with an unstable clinical course were included. Data on demographic and neonatal characteristics, neonatal and maternal comorbidities, and therapeutic interventions were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of ROP.ResultsTwo hundred and two infants were included: mean BW: 1658g (range: 700–2400 g) and mean GA: 32.4 weeks (range: 26–34 weeks). 32.2% had any stage of ROP, and 6.4% had Type 1 ROP. Lower BW, smaller GA and total days on oxygen were independent risk factors for severe ROP (Type 1 or worse). All 13 neonates with severe ROP were treated.ConclusionROP is emerging as a concern in Ethiopia. ROP screening should include neonates with BW of <1800 g or GAs of ≤33 weeks, but further studies are needed in level 2 and private NICUs. Screening guidelines need to be developed and implemented in all hospitals with NICUs.
Origin of the Songpan–Garzê terrane, Tibetan Plateau: a perspective from the tectonic evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean
Authors: Dan Wei , Yu Zhi-Wei , Wang Qiang , Tang Gong-Jian , Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Songpan–Garzê terrane is the largest Triassic remnant flysch basin on Earth and formed as the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean closed during the final amalgamation of the Pangaea supercontinent. However, the origin of the Songpan–Garzê terrane is highly controversial. A synthesis of the tectonic evolution of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and its branches surrounding the Songpan–Garzê terrane is presented, which clarifies the nature and relationships among the many Palaeo-Tethys sutures. Provenance analyses suggest that branches of the Palaeo-Tethys near the Songpan–Garzê terrane closed before the Early Triassic. In contrast, the main Palaeo-Tethys Ocean (Longmu Co-Shuanghu) did not close until the beginning of the Late Triassic. This study argues against the Songpan–Garzê terrane being a remnant ocean basin, and proposes that it was a back-arc basin of the main Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. It initially underwent extension by the combined effects of the main Palaeo-Tethys Ocean subduction and the Emeishan mantle plume in the Late Permian, and subsequently developed into a back-arc basin in the Triassic, into which huge turbiditie units were deposited derived from all surrounding terranes and orogens. The final closure of the main Palaeo-Tethys Ocean in the beginning of the Late Triassic and subsequent continent–continent collision led to basin inversion in the Late Triassic.
A Fast Algorithm for Aperiodic Linear Stencil Computation using Fast Fourier Transforms
Authors: Ahmad Zafar , Chowdhury Rezaul , Das Rathish , Ganapathi Pramod , Gregory Aaron , Zhu Yimin 
Published: July 2023

Stencil computations are widely used to simulate the change of state of physical systems across a multidimensional grid over multiple timesteps. The state-of-the-art techniques in this area fall into three groups: cache-aware tiled looping algorithms, cache-oblivious divide-and-conquer trapezoidal algorithms, and Krylov subspace methods.In this article, we present two efficient parallel algorithms for performing linear stencil computations. Current direct solvers in this domain are computationally inefficient, and Krylov methods require manual labor and mathematical training. We solve these problems for linear stencils by using discrete Fourier transforms preconditioning on a Krylov method to achieve a direct solver that is both fast and general. Indeed, while all currently available algorithms for solving general linear stencils perform Θ(NT) work, whereNis the size of the spatial grid andTis the number of timesteps, our algorithms performo(NT) work.To the best of our knowledge, we give the first algorithms that use fast Fourier transforms to compute final grid data by evolving the initial data for many timesteps at once. Our algorithms handle both periodic and aperiodic boundary conditions and achieve polynomially better performance bounds (i.e., computational complexity and parallel runtime) than all other existing solutions.Initial experimental results show that implementations of our algorithms that evolve grids of roughly 107cells for around 105timesteps run orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art implementations for periodic stencil problems, and 1.3× to 8.5× faster for aperiodic stencil problems.Code Repository:https://github.com/TEAlab/FFTStencils
An Inflammatory Checkpoint Generated by IL1RN Splicing Offers Therapeutic Opportunity for KRAS-Mutant Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Mao , Huang Yingying , Pan Jiaomeng , Sang Chen , Lin Youpei , Dong Liangqing , Shen Xia , Wu Yingcheng , Song Guohe , Ji Shuyi , Liu Fen , Wang Mengcheng , Zheng Yuyan , Zhang Sirui , Wang Zefeng , Ren Jianke , Gao Daming , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wei Wu , Lin Jian , Gao Qiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

KRAS mutations are causally linked to protumor inflammation and are identified as driving factors in tumorigenesis. Here, using multiomics data gathered from a large set of patients, we showed that KRAS mutation was associated with a specific landscape of alternative mRNA splicing that connected to myeloid inflammation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Then, we identified a negative feedback mechanism in which the upregulation of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN)-201/203 due to alternative splicing confers vital anti-inflammatory effects in KRAS-mutant iCCA. In KRAS-mutant iCCA mice, both IL1RN-201/203 upregulation and anakinra treatment ignited a significant antitumor immune response by altering neutrophil recruitment and phenotypes. Furthermore, anakinra treatment synergistically enhanced anti–PD-1 therapy to activate intratumoral GZMB+ CD8+ T cells in KRAS-mutant iCCA mice. Clinically, we found that high IL1RN-201/203 levels in patients with KRAS-mutant iCCA were significantly associated with superior response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy.

Significance:
This work describes a novel inflammatory checkpoint mediated by IL1RN alternative splicing variants that may serve as a promising basis to develop therapeutic options for KRAS-mutant iCCA and other cancers.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109
Dronedarone Versus Sotalol in Antiarrhythmic Drug–Naive Veterans With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Pundi Krishna , Fan Jun , Kabadi Shaum , Din Natasha , Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Camm A. John , Kowey Peter , Singh Jagmeet P. , Rashkin Jason , Wieloch Mattias , Turakhia Mintu P. , Sandhu Alexander T. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Sotalol and dronedarone are both used for maintenance of sinus rhythm for patients with atrial fibrillation. However, while sotalol requires initial monitoring for QT prolongation and proarrhythmia, dronedarone does not. These treatments can be used in comparable patients, but their safety and effectiveness have not been compared head to head. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety using data from a large health care system.

METHODS:
Using Veterans Health Administration data, we identified 11 296 antiarrhythmic drug–naive patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed dronedarone or sotalol in 2012 or later. We excluded patients with prior conduction disease, pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, ventricular arrhythmia, cancer, renal failure, liver disease, or heart failure. We used natural language processing to identify and compare baseline left ventricular ejection fraction between treatment arms. We used 1:1 propensity score matching, based on patient demographics, comorbidities, and medications, and Cox regression to compare strategies. To evaluate residual confounding, we performed falsification analysis with nonplausible outcomes.

RESULTS:

The matched cohort comprised 6212 patients (3106 dronedarone and 3106 sotalol; mean [±SD] age, 71±10 years; 2.5% female; mean [±SD] CHA
2
DS
2
-VASC, 2±1.3). The mean (±SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 55±11 and 58±10 for dronedarone and sotalol users, correspondingly. Dronedarone, compared with sotalol, did not demonstrate a significant association with risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.88–1.21]) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.68–1.16]). However, dronedarone was associated with significantly lower risk of ventricular proarrhythmic events (hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.38–0.74]) and symptomatic bradycardia (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.37–0.87]). The primary findings were stable across sensitivity analyses. Falsification analyses were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dronedarone, compared with sotalol, was associated with a lower risk of ventricular proarrhythmic events and conduction disorders while having no difference in risk of incident cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality. These observational data provide the basis for prospective efficacy and safety trials.
Initial Experience With Intercostal Insertion of an Extravascular ICD Lead Compatible With Existing Pulse Generators
Authors: Burke Martin C. , Knops Reinoud E. , Reddy Vivek , Aasbo Johan , Husby Michael , Marcovecchio Alan , O’Connor Mark , Sanghera Rick , Scheck Don , Pepplinkhuizen Shari , Ebner Adrian 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
This study assessed safety and feasibility of a novel extravascular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead when inserted anteriorly through a rib space and connected to various commercially available ICD pulse generators (PGs) placed in either a left mid-axillary or left pectoral pocket. Currently available or investigational, extravascular-ICDs include a subcutaneous or subxiphoid lead connected to customized extravascular-ICD PGs.

METHODS:
This novel extravascular-ICD (AtaCor Medical Inc, San Clemente, CA) employs a unique intercostal implant technique and is designed to function with commercial DF-4 ICD PGs. In this nonrandomized, single-center, acute study, 36 de novo or replacement ICD (transvenous ICD) patients enrolled to receive a concomitant extravascular-ICD lead inserted through an intercostal space along the left parasternal margin. extravascular-ICD leads were connected to DF-4 compatible ICD PGs positioned in either a left mid-axillary or pectoral pocket for acute sensing and defibrillation testing. Defibrillation testing started at 30 Joules (J) and stepped up or down in 5 to 10 joule increments depending on the success and limitations of the generator used.

RESULTS:
Successful acute defibrillation using ≤35 J was noted in 100% of left mid-axillary PG subjects (n=27, mean 16.3±8.6 J) and 83% of left pectoral PG subjects (n=6, mean 21.0±8.4 J). Furthermore, 24 of 27 (89%) of patients tested with a left, mid-axillary intermuscular PG had successful VF conversion with defibrillation energies at least 10 J below the maximum delivered output of the device. All evaluable episodes (n=93) were automatically sensed, detected, and shocked. No serious device-related intraoperative adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
This first-in-human study documented the safe and reliable placement of a novel extravascular ICD lead with effective sensing and defibrillation of induced ventricular fibrillation using commercial DF-4 ICD PGs.