bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking education through relationship building: Identity and agency in English educational institutions during Covid‐19
Authors: Walz Linda , Lyon Charlotte Haines , Bright Graham , Walton Joan , Reid Kalen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on a longitudinal study in the North of England with 13 educators in schools, colleges and universities during two lockdowns. The project was designed to ‘unlock’ education by providing spaces to co‐create new ways of thinking about education in light of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Focus groups were conducted with school and college teachers as well as university staff at the end of the first and second English lockdowns, in summer 2020 and spring 2021. An initial analysis identified issues with expectations and communication between educators and executive management as well as a lack of agency of educators, and how participants framed them as impacting on their identity as educators. Therefore, the framework oftactics of intersubjectivitywas adopted to explore how educators discursively positioned themselves and others through constructions of similarity and difference, realness and power, and how their professional identities were affected by the experience of working through the pandemic and by those around them. Whilst educators took opportunities toauthenticatetheir identity and reimagine education, their agency was undermined by top‐down governing involving little successful communication, leading todenaturalisingandillegitimisingexperiences for educators. Executive management were perceived as lacking engagement with staff and understanding of the implications of their decisions on them. The findings call for relationship building and recognition of educators' voice.
A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kira Ibrahim A. , Alpay Emre Han , Shuwiekh Hanaa A. M. , Türkeli Aras 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHostilities and discrimination against refugees are continuous traumatic stressors (type III trauma) different from single past trauma. The goal was to measure their potential effects longitudinally. Recruiting 190 Syrian refugees in Turkey, we measured, two times, depression, complex PTSD, PTSD, anxiety, executive function, cumulative stressors, resilience, identity salience and the will to exist, live, survive and fight (WTELS‐F). We measured changes between times one and two. Using the structural equation, we tested two models. The first included latent variables ‘changes between times 1 and 2 in discrimination, community violence, and poverty (DCVP)’, ‘mental health,’ and ‘executive function deficits’. The second included identity salience, WTELS‐F, PTG and resilience. Results indicated that the increase in DCVP led to a significant increase in mental health symptoms and cognitive deficits. There was a parallel increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. Identity salience seems to lead to this increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. We examined the clinical and conceptual significance of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Standardized Fractions in Herniarin and Daphnoretin from Distictis buccinatoria
Authors: Liliana Porras‐Dávila Sandra , Zamilpa Alejandro , Jiménez‐Ferrer Enrique , Jiménez‐Aparicio Antonio , Alejandra Santillan‐Urquiza Mayra , Díaz‐Patricio Fernanda , Herrera‐Ruiz Maribel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDistictis buccinatoria is used for inflammatory‐related diseases. From a dichloromethane extract were obtained five different fractions called F1 to F5, and sub‐fractions F4‐1, F5‐1, F5‐2, and F5‐3; and were evaluated as anti‐neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and nootropic agents in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Also, were isolated herniarin, daphnoretin, and fraction's terpenes with an anti‐inflammatory activity using 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced auricular edema. The inhibition of local edema was: F1 (73.6 %), F2 (57 %), F3 (62.61 %), F4 (87.3 %), and F5 (93.57 %). Terpene fraction inhibited at 89.60 %, herniarin at 86.92 % (Emax 99.01 %, ED50 0.35 mg ear−1), and daphnoretin at 86.41 %. Fractions F4‐1 and F5‐2 (10 mg kg−1) enhancer spatial memory acquisition and spontaneous motor activity; reduced IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6; increased IL‐10, enhanced the activity of CAT and GR. D. buccinatoria has neuroprotective activity and contains daphnoretin and herniarin, with anti‐inflammatory activity.
Floral Phytochemistry: Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds and Nectar Secondary Metabolites on Pollinator Behavior and Health
Authors: Slavković Filip , Bendahmane Abdelhafid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlants produce a plethora of phytochemicals including sugars, amino acids (AAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary metabolites (SMs) with different ecological functions. To attract pollinators and defenders and ensure reproductive success, plants mainly rely on VOCs, while to reward insects, plants synthesize nectar rich in sugars and AAs. Furthermore, plant SMs can play various roles. Some components are able to interact with the nervous system of insects by binding to neuron receptor proteins and thus manipulate pollinator behavior. Others, like alkaloids and phenolics, protect from nectar robbers and enhance memory and foraging efficiency, or, as in the case of flavonoids, exhibit high antioxidant activities supporting pollinator well‐being. This review discusses the impact of VOCs and nectar SMs on insect behavior and pollinator health.
Air in gallbladder: Emphysematous cholecystitis or else?
Authors: Sitaridis Konstantinos , Domi Iliana , Nathanailidou Maria , Chatzigiannis George , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Sourtse Gionous , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGas in gallstones represents a rare but well described radiological finding. Other causes of gas in gallbladder include biliary‐enteric fistula, sphincterotomy, gas forming organisms cholangitis. However, gas in gallbladder raises suspicion of emphysematous cholecystitis which necessitates prompt diagnosis and management due to its rapid clinical course and high mortality rate.
Cranial ultrasonography in diagnosis of infantile cerebral cavernous malformation
Authors: Kaneko Shuya , Ikeno Iku , Wada Hideo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe case of an infantile cerebral cavernous malformation detected by transfontanelle cranial ultrasonography. Infantile cerebral cavernous malformations tend to cause more major bleeding compared to those in older groups, so early detection and treatment are crucial. Cranial ultrasonography can contribute to the early diagnosis of infantile cerebral cavernous malformations.
Dynamic Controllability Study of Extractive and Pressure‐Swing Distillations for Tetrahydrofuran/Water Separation
Authors: Mtogo Jonathan Wavomba , Mugo Gladys Wanyaga , Mizsey Péter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractControllability features of the extractive distillation process and the pressure‐swing distillation process were studied with dynamic tools and compared in the case study of separation of a mixture of 50 mol % tetrahydrofuran and 50 mol % water. Process simulations with Aspen Plus and Aspen Plus Dynamics were carried out to obtain 99.9 mol % product purity. Control structures for the two distillation techniques were determined. Load rejection studies were completed for ±10 % feed throughput and ±10 % feed composition disturbances, for both processes. The comparison of the dynamic responses, integral absolute errors, and integral square errors shows that the pressure‐swing distillation process has better controllability features than extractive distillation.
Role of renal mass biopsy for diagnosis and management: Review of current trends and future directions
Authors: Choy Bonnie , Nayar Ritu , Lin Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe frequency of detection of renal masses has increased over recent decades, causing a concurrent increase in early intervention by surgery. Growing recognition that this approach was contributing to overtreatment led to the broader use of preoperative renal mass biopsy (RMB) by core biopsy and/or fine‐needle aspiration. Because more options for management, such as active surveillance and personalized therapy, are becoming increasingly available, a diagnosis by RMB is becoming a valuable tool for risk stratification and clinical decision making. Guidelines from various professional organizations have outlined situations in which RMB should be used, and it has been shown to be safe and effective. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) using touch preparations of core biopsy or fine‐needle aspiration smears provides an immediate assessment of adequacy and appropriate triage. ROSE also ensures sufficient material to perform immunohistochemistry and molecular studies for more accurate characterization of renal masses and personalized treatment. The integral role of cytopathology laboratories in precision medicine can also be successfully used in optimizing the workup of RMB from ROSE to final diagnosis, prognostication, and personalized management of kidney tumors. Herein, the authors review their extensive experience working together with interventional radiology and urology colleagues to use core biopsy and ROSE at the time of RMB for diagnosis and management of these lesions.
Divergent projections from locus coeruleus to the corticobasal ganglia system and ventral tegmental area of the adult male zebra finch
Authors: Alvarado Jonnathan Singh , Hatfield Jordan , Mooney Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) is a small noradrenergic brainstem nucleus that plays a central role in regulating arousal, attention, and performance. In the mammalian brain, individual LC neurons make divergent axonal projections to different brain regions, which are distinguished in part by which noradrenaline (NA) receptor subtypes they express. Here, we sought to determine whether similar organizational features characterize LC projections to corticobasal ganglia (CBG) circuitry in the zebra finch song system, with a focus on the basal ganglia nucleus Area X, the thalamic nucleus DLM, as well as the cortical nuclei HVC, LMAN, and RA. Single and dual retrograde tracer injections reveal that single LC–NA neurons make divergent projections to LMAN and Area X, as well as to the dopaminergic VTA/SNc complex that innervates this CBG circuit. Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed that differential expression of mRNA encoding α2A and α2C adrenoreceptors distinguishes LC‐recipient CBG song nuclei. Therefore, LC–NA signaling in the zebra finch CBG circuit employs a similar strategy as in mammals, which could allow a relatively small number of LC neurons to exert widespread yet distinct effects across multiple brain regions.
Conjugated supercapacitor with suppressed self‐discharge constructed by pairs of prelithiated Nb2O5@C with optimized elemental and phase purity in the carbon shell
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Guo Qihui , Huang Wenxia , Xiong Yige , Jing Siqi , Zhang Xin , Huang Fengyu , Ge Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe realization of carbon neutralization requires further development of high‐performance supercapacitors, while their wider applications are limited by serious self‐discharge. This work proposes a conjugately configured supercapacitor, as well as the strategy for optimizing the structure of active materials specifically for such supercapacitor. The conjugated supercapacitor consists of pairs of prelithiated T‐Nb2O5@C and forms a LixNb2O5@C versus Li2−xNb2O5@C configuration. We demonstrate that the elegant control of the coated carbon shell has a significant effect on the self‐discharge behavior. An optimized annealing temperature of 300°C is beneficial for reducing the elemental impurity while not introducing microregional phase impurity, thus leading the best resistance towards self‐discharge. When the conjugated supercapacitor is charged to an initial voltage of 1.0 V, the voltage could retain for more than 3000 min before dropping to 0.5 V. This work is expected to provide general guidance for optimizing the active materials for conjugated supercapacitors.
Research Ethics during Pandemics: How IRBs Can Prepare
Authors: Appel Jacob M. , Wilets Ilene 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe Covid‐19 pandemic has raised a range of complex challenges for the research community in the United States. This essay uses Covid‐19 as a model pandemic illness to consider two such issues that have yet to be fully explored in the ethics literature: first, whether the informed consent process should include a discussion of pandemic risks and, if so, how precisely these risks should be conveyed to potential research participants and, second, whether and under what circumstances vaccination status should be taken into consideration when enrolling subjects in non‐pandemic‐related studies during a pandemic.
External DNA contamination and efficiency of bleach decontamination for arthropod diet analysis
Authors: Huszarik Maike , Röder Nina , Eberhardt Linda , Kennedy Susan , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Schwenk Klaus , Entling Martin H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDNA metabarcoding is increasingly used to analyze the diet of arthropods, including spiders. However, high sensitivity to DNA contamination makes it difficult to apply to organisms obtained from mass‐sampling methods such as pitfall traps. An alternative is to hand‐sample spiders, but it is unclear how effectively this prevents external contamination, especially with new knowledge showing the wide spread of eDNA in the environment. Protocols using bleach to remove external DNA have been tested on several invertebrates, though testing with both mass‐sampling methods and spiders is lacking. Here, we used wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to assess the risk of external DNA contamination from pitfall trapping and hand sampling, and the efficacy of bleach decontamination. We first conducted a contamination experiment where we placed spiders in pitfall traps containing trapping medium and a nonprey insect species to simulate external DNA contamination. We also compared sampling methods by collecting spiders using pitfall traps and hand sampling. Spiders from the contamination experiment and sampling method comparison were either bleached or untreated, then metabarcoded using multiple primer pairs. The contamination experiment resulted in the contamination of almost all spiders from pitfall traps, which was successfully eliminated with bleaching. Interestingly, there was no difference in the number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) detected per spider between pitfall trapping and hand sampling but bleaching resulted in significantly fewer ASV detections for both methods. Additionally, bleaching, but not sampling method, affected the taxonomic diet composition for both hand‐sampled and pitfall‐trapped spiders, indicating similar levels of external contamination. Our results are the first to confirm that DNA metabarcoding can be used together with bleaching for spiders sampled from pitfall traps, and that hand sampling does not necessarily exclude external DNA contamination. Thus, diet studies using metabarcoding should address the risk of external contamination with field‐sampled arthropods, regardless of sampling method.
Seismic performance analysis of steel frame structures with separated three‐dimensional isolation
Authors: Shi Yundong , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Mengmeng , Ding Yang , Li Zhong‐Xian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) base isolation can significantly improve the seismic performance of structures. However, significant 3D movement coupling and rocking behavior of the superstructure due to the high gravity center of the structure can be observed, which will lead to a complex design of the isolation system and the isolators. In addition, as the 3D isolators are installed beneath the structures, they need to support the heavy weight of the superstructure with low vertical stiffness. It is difficult to meet both the vertical load and stiffness design demands of the isolators using traditional isolation materials and mechanisms, especially for large‐size structures. A separated 3D isolation scheme is proposed by installing the horizontal isolation at the base of the superstructure and the vertical isolation under the floor slabs. Simulations are carried out to examine the dynamic responses including the acceleration, inter‐storey drift, and stress of structural members of a typical steel frame structure with the separated 3D isolation scheme. The isolation effect was also studied by shaking table tests of a two‐storey steel frame structure. The simulation and test results show that the proposed separated 3D isolation scheme has high performance in mitigating the structural accelerations in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the vertical load on isolators. The rocking behavior of the structure is effectively restrained for the separated 3D isolation scheme due to a low mass center configuration of the vertically isolated slabs. Although the isolation of the floor slabs from the beams in the structure with separated 3D isolation weakens the constraint of the floor slabs to the beam and column members as in a traditional frame structure, the horizontal isolation at the base of the superstructure reduces the adverse effect and the stress of structural members is similar to that in a horizontal base‐isolated structure and significantly lower than that in a base‐fixed structure. In addition, as the vertical isolation is installed under the slabs, the vertical load on the vertical isolators is small and it is easy to design the isolators.
Effect of geometrical dimensions on flame spread rate over U‐shaped polyurethane facade and theoretical analysis
Authors: Chen Yanqiu , Zhang Jiwei , Nie Yifan , Qi Jiacheng , Feng Qianhang , Chen Junmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyurethane is widely used in building facades as a good energy‐saving and environment‐friendly organic material, and the U‐shaped structure is a common facade form as it could improve indoor lighting and ventilation. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, this study found the flame spread rate of polyurethane foam over a U‐shaped facade was affected by the structural dimensions due to three main factors: lateral air entrainment restriction, bottom air entrainment restriction, and flame fusion between the back wall flame and side wall flame. The average flame spread rate was negative linearly correlated with the back wall width and positive exponentially correlated with the side wall length. This was due to that the side walls caused lateral air entrainment restriction, reduced the heat loss, enhanced the thermal feedback, generated an upward induced airflow close to the back wall, elongated the flame, and also caused the flame fusion between side walls and the back wall, thus accelerated the flame spread process compared to the flat structures.
Interventions to reduce times to diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Venchiarutti Rebecca L. , Kapoor Raveena , Clark Jonathan R. , Palme Carsten E. , Young Jane M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe systematically reviewed evidence of health system interventions to reduce diagnostic and treatment intervals for people with head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsElectronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2020 for controlled or uncontrolled comparative studies. Primary outcome was any time interval between first clinical presentation and treatment onset.ResultsThirty‐seven studies were included. Four types of interventions were identified: single clinic‐based (N = 4), multidisciplinary clinic‐based (N = 15), hospital or service re‐design (N = 12), and health system re‐design (N = 6). There was some evidence that multidisciplinary interventions improve timeliness of diagnosis and treatment; however, evidence of long‐term effectiveness was lacking. Study quality was assessed as either low or moderate.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce times to diagnosis and treatment of HNC are heterogeneous, with limited evidence of effectiveness. Future interventions should account for the complex and dynamic nature of health systems and adhere to best‐practice principles for early‐diagnosis research.
Impact of monoclonal antibody therapy for head and neck cancer on end‐of‐life care utilization and costs
Authors: Benjamin William J. , Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Lenze Nicholas , Worden Francis P. , Chinn Steven B. , Chen Michelle M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of monoclonal antibody therapy (mAB) for advanced head and neck cancer on end‐of‐life health care utilization and costs has yet to be adequately studied.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 and over with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer between 2007 and 2017 within the SEER‐Medicare registry assessing the impact of mAB therapy (i.e., cetuximab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab) on end‐of‐life health care utilization (ED visits, inpatient admissions, ICU admissions, and hospice claims) and costs.ResultsOf 12 544 patients with HNC, 270 (2.2%) utilized mAB therapy at the end‐of‐life period. On multivariable analyses adjusting for demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics, there was a significant association between mAB therapy and emergency department visits (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8, p = 0.01) and healthcare costs (β: $9760, 95% CI: 5062–14 458, p < 0.01).ConclusionsmAB use is associated with higher emergency department utilization and health care costs potentially due to infusion‐related and drug toxicity expenses.
Do all patients at the initial stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma need bone metastasis screening? A retrospective study
Authors: Feng Ye , Xu Ting , Xu Yiying , Wu Ziyi , Hong Huiling , Huang Yingying , Liao Xiyi , Fu Xiaobin , Chen Jiawei , Qiu Xiufang , Ding Jianming , Huang Chaoxiong , Li Li , Chen Chuanben , Fei Zhaodong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo identify patients at low risk of synchronous bone metastasis who should not receive bone scans when initially diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsIn total, 6652 patients were enrolled in the training cohort and 1919 patients in the multicenter external validation cohort. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess independent predictors of synchronous bone metastasis for the nomogram model.ResultsAfter risk stratification, 46.3% (3081/6652) patients were separated into the low‐risk group with an incidence of 0.71% for synchronous bone metastasis. The odds ratio of the intermediate and high‐risk groups was 5.61 and 23.82 times that of the low‐risk group, respectively. For patients with high EBV DNA, we recommend routine screening for N2‐3 female patients, but that all male subgroups are screened.ConclusionsBone scans should not be routine. Patients in the low‐risk group should not be screened, which would avoid excessive radiation and economize iatrical resource.