bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene‐encoded nanoparticle vaccine platforms for in vivo assembly of multimeric antigen to promote adaptive immunity
Authors: Tursi Nicholas J. , Xu Ziyang , Kulp Daniel W. , Weiner David B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanoparticle vaccines are a diverse category of vaccines for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases. Several strategies have been employed for their optimization, especially to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and generate potent B‐cell responses. Two major modalities utilized for particulate antigen vaccines include using nanoscale structures for antigen delivery and nanoparticles that are themselves vaccines due to antigen display or scaffolding—the latter of which we will define as “nanovaccines.” Multimeric antigen display has a variety of immunological benefits compared to monomeric vaccines mediated through potentiating antigen‐presenting cell presentation and enhancing antigen‐specific B‐cell responses through B‐cell activation. The majority of nanovaccine assembly is done in vitro using cell lines. However, in vivo assembly of scaffolded vaccines potentiated using nucleic acids or viral vectors is a burgeoning modality of nanovaccine delivery. Several advantages to in vivo assembly exist, including lower costs of production, fewer production barriers, as well as more rapid development of novel vaccine candidates for emerging diseases such as SARS‐CoV‐2. This review will characterize the methods for de novo assembly of nanovaccines in the host using methods of gene delivery including nucleic acid and viral vectored vaccines.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Business Challenges in the Transition to Sustainability
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm , Keitsch Martina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe first chapter of this book presents a brief history of Sustainable Development (SD) and takes a closer look at business and industry and their attitudes and actions towards sustainability regarding technological development, environmental issues and challenges for organizations. The goal of the chapter is to advocate for the growing need for competence building in sustainability amongst business leaders as well as societal stakeholders. It prepares the reader to understand how this can be done via the tools and strategies that are discussed in the following chapters of this book.
The CapSEM Model
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm , Knudson Haley 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganizations may feel pressurized to improve their sustainability performance and increase their orientation towards sustainability, but may not have either the knowledge as to where, or the capacity, to begin. This chapter therefore presents a systematized methodology of assessment and management tools for sustainability and environmental management known as the Capacity building in Sustainability and Environmental Management Model (the CapSEM Model). To help streamline their application for the business sector and industry, the methods and tools are positioned in relation to four levels of development: (1) production processes, (2) products and value chains, (3) organization and management and (4) larger systems, for example, industrial sectors or social systems.The discussion and analysis of tools presented in this chapter and explained throughout this book, address the growing need to engage stakeholders and to consider environmental, social and economic impacts across the entire life cycles of products in business strategies and organization management. The CapSEM Model Levels move from incremental business tools and their application in production processes, to holistic tools for change in organizations and larger systems. The transition to sustainable societies is considered analogous to growth in both systems and performance complexity.
Looking Beyond the Factory Gates: Life Cycle Assessment, Supply Chain Management and Design for Environment
Authors: Fet Annik Magerholm , de Boer Luitzen , Keitsch Martina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter gives an overview of the principles of life cycle assessment (LCA), supply chain management (SCM) and design for the environment (DfE). They are all placed at Level 2 in the CapSEM Model as tools for enhancing the product by improving the actual production processes that take place at different stages and subsystems in the life cycle of a product. One way of analysing and ameliorating the environmental performance of a product can be by analysing the environmental aspects and impacts initially by performing a life cycle assessment aimed at finding the most significant environmental impacts in the life cycle of the product. These hotspots can then be identified under different suppliers in the upstream value chain. Results from this analysis should then be addressed in the design of a new product, and further result in changes to the supply chain by supply chain management. An optimal solution for improving the environmental impacts at the different stages of the life cycle of a product, can be achieved at the end by introducing this into design principles as better specification of the performance at each stage in the life cycle of the product. This chapter also introduces green public procurement as a driver for change in the supply chain.
Conditions for suppressing dimension-five proton decay in renormalizable SUSY SO(10) GUT
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The SUSY SO(10) GUT is in severe tension with the experimental bounds on proton partial lifetimes because proton decay mediated by colored Higgsinos (dimension-five proton decay) is too rapid. In this paper, we pursue the possibility that a texture of the Yukawa coupling matrices in a renormalizable SUSY SO(10) GUT model suppresses dimension-five proton decay. We focus on a general renormalizable SUSY SO(10) GUT model which contains 10 + 126 + $$ \overline{\textbf{126}} $$

126
¯

+ 120 representation fields and where the Yukawa coupling matrices of the 16 matter fields with the 10, $$ \overline{\textbf{126}} $$

126
¯

, 120 fields, Y10, Y126, Y120, provide the quark and lepton Yukawa couplings and Majorana mass of the singlet neutrinos. We find that if components in certain flavor bases, $$ {\left({Y}_{10}\right)}_{u_R{d}_R} $$

Y
10

u
R

d
R

, $$ {\left({Y}_{126}\right)}_{u_R{d}_R} $$

Y
126

u
R

d
R

, $$ {\left({Y}_{10}\right)}_{u_R{s}_R} $$

Y
10

u
R

s
R

, $$ {\left({Y}_{126}\right)}_{u_R{s}_R} $$

Y
126

u
R

s
R

, $$ {\left({Y}_{10}\right)}_{u_L{d}_L} $$

Y
10

u
L

d
L

, $$ {\left({Y}_{126}\right)}_{u_L{d}_L} $$

Y
126

u
L

d
L

, $$ {\left({Y}_{10}\right)}_{u_L{s}_L} $$

Y
10

u
L

s
L

, $$ {\left({Y}_{126}\right)}_{u_L{s}_L} $$

Y
126

u
L

s
L

, $$ {\left({Y}_{10}\right)}_{u_L{u}_L} $$

Y
10

u
L

u
L

, $$ {\left({Y}_{126}\right)}_{u_L{u}_L} $$

Y
126

u
L

u
L

, are all on the order of the up quark Yukawa coupling, dimension-five proton decay can be suppressed while the Yukawa coupling matrices still reproduce the realistic quark and lepton masses and flavor mixings. We numerically obtain specific Yukawa coupling matrices satisfying the above conditions, calculate proton partial lifetimes from them and evaluate how dimension-five proton decay is suppressed when these conditions are met.
First-order phase transitions in Twin Higgs models
Authors: Badziak Marcin , Nałęcz Ignacy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We revisit phase transitions in Twin Higgs (TH) models. We show that strong first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) can occur provided that appropriate source of ℤ2 symmetry breaking between the twin and Standard Model (SM) sectors is present. We found FOPTs in two classes of models. First: with hard ℤ2 breaking in the scalar potential allowing for FOPT. Second: with ℤ2 broken by enhanced Yukawa couplings of twin leptons. We also considered supersymmetric UV completion of the second scenario with light sleptons. The signal of gravitational waves produced during these phase transitions is typically small but can be close to the reach of AEDGE and Einstein Telescope in the case of the FOPT induced by light twin sleptons. Our results open a way to generate SM baryon asymmetry in TH models.
A note on bifurcations from eigenvalues of the Dirichlet-Laplacian with arbitrary multiplicity
Authors: Correia Simão , Figueira Mário 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this short note, we consider the elliptic problem $$\begin{aligned} \lambda \phi + \Delta \phi = \eta |\phi |^\sigma \phi ,\quad \phi \big |_{\partial \Omega }=0,\quad \lambda , \eta \in {{\mathbb {C}}}, \end{aligned}$$

λ
ϕ
+
Δ
ϕ
=

η
|
ϕ
|

σ

ϕ
,

ϕ

|

∂
Ω

=
0
,

λ
,
η
∈
C
,

on a smooth domain $$\Omega \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

, $$N\geqslant 1$$

N
⩾
1

. The presence of complex coefficients, motivated by the study of complex Ginzburg-Landau equations, breaks down the variational structure of the equation. We study the existence of nontrivial solutions as bifurcations from the trivial solution. More precisely, we characterize the bifurcation branches starting from eigenvalues of the Dirichlet-Laplacian of arbitrary multiplicity. This allows us to discuss the nature of such bifurcations in some specific cases. We conclude with the stability analysis of these branches under the complex Ginzburg-Landau flow.
Mobile applications in radiation oncology—current choices and future potentials
Authors: Janssen Stefan , El Shafie Rami A. , Ruder Arne M. , Buergy Daniel , Scafa Davide , Giordano Frank A. , Nicolay Nils H. , Vogel Marco M. E. , Combs Stephanie E. , Fahlbusch Fabian B. , Rades Dirk , Käsmann Lukas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To review existing scientific literature on mobile applications (apps) in the field of radiation oncology and to evaluate characteristics of commercially available apps across different platforms.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature for publications presenting apps in the field of radiation oncology was carried out using the PubMed database, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and annual meetings of major radiation oncology societies. Additionally, the two major marketplaces for apps, App Store and Play Store, were searched for available radiation oncology apps for patients and health care professionals (HCP).

Results
A total of 38 original publications which met the inclusion criteria were identified. Within those publications, 32 apps were developed for patients and 6 for HCP. The vast majority of patient apps focused on documenting electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs). In the two major marketplaces, 26 apps were found, mainly supporting HCP with dose calculations.

Conclusion
Apps used in (and for) scientific research in radiation oncology are rarely available for patients and HCP in common marketplaces.
Education and training as a key enabler of successful patient care in mass-casualty terrorist incidents
Authors: Hoth Patrick , Roth Johanna , Bieler Dan , Friemert Benedikt , Franke Axel , Paffrath Thomas , Blätzinger Markus , Achatz Gerhard ,   and the Deployment, Disaster, Tactical Surgery Section of the German Trauma Society
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose
The increase in terrorist attacks with sometimes devastating numbers of victims has become a reality in Europe and has led to a fundamental change in thinking and a reorientation in many fields including health policy. The purpose of this original work was to improve the preparedness of hospitals and to provide recommendations for training.

Material and methods
We conducted a retrospective literature search based on the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) for the period 2000 to 2017. Using defined search strategies, we were able to identify 203 articles. We grouped relevant findings into main categories with 47 statements and recommendations on education and training.
In addition, we included data from a prospective questionnaire-based survey on this topic that we conducted at the 3rd Emergency Conference of the German Trauma Society (DGU) in 2019.

Results
Our systematic review identified recurrent statements and recommendations. A key recommendation was that regular training should take place on scenarios that should be as realistic as possible and should include all hospital staff. Military expertise and competence in the management of gunshot and blast injuries should be integrated. In addition, medical leaders from German hospitals considered current surgical education and training to be insufficient for preparing junior surgeons to manage patients who have sustained severe injuries by terrorist events.

Conclusion
A number of recommendations and lessons learned on education and training were repeatedly identified. They should be included in hospital preparations for mass-casualty terrorist incidents. There appear to be deficits in current surgical training which may be offset by establishing courses and exercises.
Die Genese des Informed Consent im Kontext der medizinischen Forschungsethik 1900–1931
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Krischel Matthis 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungAn der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert rückte die Problematik des Humanexperimentes sowie die Notwendigkeit der Einwilligung hierzu in den Fokus der Mediziner und einer allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit. Es wird u. a. am Fall des Venerologen Albert Neisser die Entwicklung forschungsethischer Standards zwischen dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und 1931 in Deutschland nachgezeichnet. Das aus der Forschungsethik stammende Konzept des Informed Consent ist heute auch in der klinischen Ethik von zentraler Bedeutung.
Sustainable 4D printing of magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Lalegani Dezaki Mohammadreza , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTypical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed for encoding numerous shapes and forms by magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composite (SMPC) structures and integrating sustainability with 4D printing (4DP) technology. Electrically driven, remote controllability, and quick reaction are the features of these sustainable composite structures. Low-cost 4D-printed SMPC structures can be programmed remotely at high temperatures to achieve multi-stable shapes and can snap repeatedly between all programmed temporary and permanent configurations. This allows for multiple designs in a single structure without wasting material. The strategy is based on a knowledge of SMPC mechanics, magnetic response, and the manufacturing idea underlying fused deposition modelling (FDM). Iron-filled magnetic polylactic acid (MPLA) and carbon black-filled conductive PLA (CPLA) composite materials are investigated in terms of microstructure properties, composite interface, and mechanical properties. Characterisation studies are carried out to identify how to control the structure with a low magnetic field. The shape morphing of magneto-electroactive SMPC structures is studied. FDM is used to 4D print MPLA and CPLA adaptive structures with 1D/2D-to-2D/3D shapeshifting by the magnetic field. The benefits of switchable multi-stable structures are reducing material waste and effort/energy and increasing efficiency in sectors such as packaging.
Graphical Abstract
Radiotherapy and palliative care outpatient clinic: a new healthcare integrated model in Italy
Authors: Rossi Romina , Foca Flavia , Tontini Luca , Pieri Martina , Micheletti Simona , Nanni Oriana , Altini Mattia , Massa Ilaria , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Ricci Marianna , Romeo Antonino , Muolo Maria Giustina , Galeotti Gianluca , Valenti Vanessa , Tenti Maria Valentina , Donati Costanza Maria , Pensieri Maria Vittoria , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Maltoni Marco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
On the basis of substantial evidence demonstrate that palliative care combined with standard care improves patient, caregiver, and society outcomes, we have developed a new healthcare model called radiotherapy and palliative care (RaP) outpatient clinic were a radiation oncologist and a palliative care physician make a joint evaluation of advanced cancer patients.

Methods
We performed a monocentric observational cohort study on advanced cancer patients referred for evaluation at the RaP outpatient clinic. Measures of quality of care were carried out.

Results
Between April 2016 and April 2018, 287 joint evaluations were performed and 260 patients were evaluated. The primary tumor was lung in 31.9% of cases. One hundred fifty (52.3%) evaluations resulted in an indication for palliative radiotherapy treatment. In 57.6% of cases was used a single dose fraction of radiotherapy (8 Gy). All the irradiated cohort completed the palliative radiotherapy treatment. An 8% of irradiated patients received the palliative radiotherapy treatment in the last 30 days of life. A total of 80% of RaP patients received palliative care assistance until the end of life.

Conclusion
At the first descriptive analysis, the radiotherapy and palliative care model seem to respond to the need of multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an improvement on quality of care for advanced cancer patients.
Impacts of seeding density on the oxidative stress response of the Greenshell™ mussel, Perna canaliculus
Authors: Reyden Carrie A. R. , Delorme Natalí J. , South Paul M. , Aguirre J. David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Greenshell™ mussel, Perna canaliculus, is the most lucrative aquaculture species in New Zealand; however, losses of commercial juvenile mussels (spat) are common and can drastically reduce the yield of adults. Modification of seeding density is a potential method to manage loss of spat (~ 1–20-mm shell length), by reducing biofouling and intraspecific competition. Understanding the stress responses of spat in production systems during the early stages of aquaculture is a high priority for mussel farmers who aim to manage and optimise mussel production. Here, the effects of seeding density (low: 257, mid: 515, and high: 1030 mussels 10 cm−1 of culture rope), space (depth, site), and time (December 2019 and February 2020) on oxidative stress responses (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and lipid peroxidation [LP] biomarkers) in spat and their viability (freshwater immersion test) were assessed in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. The effect of seeding density on TAC was variable among depths, sites, and times, whereas seeding density had no impact on LP. In late summer (February 2020), oxidative stress appeared to be higher compared to early summer (December 2019). This indicates that mussels were exposed to more stressful conditions later in summer, although this did not reduce their short-term viability. This research found that seeding density had no major impact on oxidative stress biomarkers and suggests that stress responses and viability of Greenshell™ mussel spat during the summer months are not affected by the seeding density levels measured in this study.
Towards a Feminist Geo-legal Ethic of Caring Within Medical Supply Chains: Lessons from Careless Supply During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zbyszewska Ania , Sekalala Sharifah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis illustrates the fragility of supply chains. Countries with excellent health systems struggled to ensure essential supplies of food, medicines, and personal protective equipment which were vital to a fast and effective response. Using geo-legality, which maps the constitutive relations between law and space, we argue that the failure of supply chains in many western countries during the crisis reveals a fundamental tension between their role as facilitators of care and caring, and the logistic logics by which they operate. While supply chains link the intimate, domestic concerns of providing medical care with the globalised geographical concerns of moving goods across different jurisdictions at the right time, their contemporary organisation and regulation does not reflect the caring relations and public goods they are meant to support. Drawing on analysis of examples from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, this article argues that a reconfiguration of supply chains in accordance with feminist approaches that place care at the centre of supply chain operation and organisation will be important to amendments of both domestic and global health law.
Study of nerve cell regeneration on nanofibers containing cerium oxide nanoparticles in a spinal cord injury model in rats
Authors: Rahimi Behnaz , Behroozi Zahra , Motamednezhad Ali , Jafarpour Maral , Hamblin Michael R. , Moshiri Ali , Janzadeh Atousa , Ramezani Fatemeh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the CNS is unable to repair itself via neuronal regeneration in adult mammals, alternative therapies need to be found. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles to repair nerve damage could be a promising approach for spinal cord reconstruction. In this study, we constructed a scaffold containing cerium oxide nanoparticles (Scaffold-CeO2) and investigated the rate of nerve cell regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury. The scaffold of gelatin and polycaprolactone was synthesized, and a gelatin solution containing cerium oxide nanoparticles was attached to the scaffold. For the animal study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): (a) Control; (b) Spinal cord injury (SCI); (c) Scaffold (SCI + scaffold without CeO2nanoparticles); (d) Scaffold-CeO2(SCI + scaffold containing CeO2nanoparticles). After creation of a hemisection SCI, scaffolds were placed at the site of injury in groups c and d, and after 7 weeks the rats were subjected to behavioral tests and then sacrificed for preparation of the spinal cord tissue to measure the expression of G-CSF, Tau and Mag proteins by Western blotting and Iba-1 protein by immunohistochemistry. The result of behavioral tests confirmed motor improvement and pain reduction in the Scaffold-CeO2group compared to the SCI group. Decreased expression of Iba-1 and higher expression of Tau and Mag in the Scaffold-CeO2group compared to the SCI group could be the result of nerve regeneration caused by the scaffold containing CeONPs as well as relief of pain symptoms.Graphical Abstract