bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences and commonalities in risk factors for dynapenia and sarcopenia in elderly patients as shown by higher body mass index and bioelectrical impedance-derived phase angle in dynapenia and predominance of osteoporosis in sarcopenia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tsuru Risa , Fujihara Yuya , Akehi Yuko , Iwaya Chikayo , Asakawa Hideko , Kitajima Yuichi , Harada Shunsuke , Takashi Yuichi , Kawanami Daiji , Yanase Toshihiko , Muta Kazuo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Decreased physical function is divided into two categories: dynapenia with retained muscle mass and sarcopenia with loss of muscle mass. The differences in the characteristics of dynapenia and sarcopenia remain unclear. This study was performed to clarify the characteristics and risk factors of dynapenia and sarcopenia in elderly patients.
Methods:
This study involved 267 patients aged ≥ 65 years (111 men, 156 women). All patients underwent measurement of the (a) skeletal muscle index by bioelectrical impedance, (b) grip strength (index of muscle strength), and (c) walking speed (index of physical ability). Based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, the patients were categorized into three groups: the control (C) group (n = 77), who had normal (b) and (c) regardless of (a); the dynapenia (D) group (n = 61), who had normal (a) with decreased (b) and/or (c); and the sarcopenia (S) group (n = 129), who had decreased (a) with decreased (b) and/or (c). The characteristics and risk factors in the C, D, and S groups were statistically analyzed.
Results:
The logistic analysis adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) showed that the complication of diabetes, a stroke history, and a fracture history were significant risk factors in both the D and S groups compared with the C group. An osteoporosis-equivalent BMD of the femoral neck or lumbar spine (i.e., BMD of < 70% of the young adult mean) was a risk factor only in the S group, but not in the D group. In the three-group comparison by the Kruskal–Wallis test, the BMI was significantly higher in the D group than in the S group. The phase angle as measured by bioelectrical impedance was higher in the D group than in the S group.
Conclusion:
The complication of diabetes, a history of stroke, and a history of fracture are common risk factors for dynapenia and sarcopenia. The higher BMI and phase angle in the D group and the predominance of osteoporosis diagnosed by BMD < 70% in the S group suggest qualitative differences between dynapenia and sarcopenia.
Preparation and application of a new polyhydroxy ammonium shale hydration inhibitor
Authors: Wang Quande , Jia Jun , Chen Lei , Jing Yuntian , Du Weichao , Slaný Michal , Gang Chen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper was study the wellbore instability caused by hydration of shale formation during drilling is a major problem in drilling engineering. A polyhydroxy-alkanolamine was synthesized, and the shale inhibition performance was evaluated by anti-swelling test, linear swelling test, wash-durable test and bentonite hydration and dispersion experiment. The shale inhibition mechanism of polyhydroxy-alkanolamine was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size distribution, Zeta potential, Thermal analysis and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main results show that the use of polyhydroxy-alkanolamine (EGP-2) can result in a relatively lower linear swelling rate of bentonite, and the linear swelling rate of 0.3% EGP-2 was 26.98%, which is stronger compared with 4% KCl. The anti-swelling rate of 0.3% EGP-2 was 43.54%, the shrinkage swelling rate of 0.3% EGP-2 was 34.62%. Results show that EGP-2 may permeate and adsorb on the bentonite surface. The rolling recovery rate of easily hydrated shale was high as 79.36%, which greatly reduces the dispersion ability of water to easily hydrated shale. The results of this study can be used to maintain the stability of the wellbore, which is conducive to related research.
Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention
Authors: Huang Yue , Liu Yuan , Pandey Nil , Shah Shrey , Simon-Soro Aurea , Hsu Jessica , Ren Zhi , Xiang Zhenting , Kim Dongyeop , Ito Tatsuro , Oh Min Jun , Buckley Christine , Alawi Faizan , Li Yong , Smeets Paul , Boyer Sarah , Zhao Xingchen , Joester Derk , Zero Domenick , Cormode David , Koo Hyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent human disease caused by oral biofilms, affecting nearly half of the global population despite increased use of fluoride, the mainstay anticaries (tooth-enamel protective) agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanozyme formulation (ferumoxytol, Fer) has been shown to disrupt caries-causing biofilms with high specificity via catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, but it is incapable of interfering with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we find notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, our data show that SnF2 enhances the catalytic activity of Fer, significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antibiofilm activity. We discover that the stability of SnF2 (unstable in water) is markedly enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions without any additives. Further analyses reveal that Sn2+ is bound by carboxylate groups in the carboxymethyl-dextran coating of Fer, thus stabilizing SnF2 and boosting the catalytic activity. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo, preventing enamel demineralization and cavitation altogether without adverse effects on the host tissues or causing changes in the oral microbiome diversity. The efficacy of SnF2 is also enhanced when combined with Fer, showing comparable therapeutic effects at four times lower fluoride concentration. Enamel ultrastructure examination shows that fluoride, iron, and tin are detected in the outer layers of the enamel forming a polyion-rich film, indicating co-delivery onto the tooth surface. Overall, our results reveal a unique therapeutic synergism using approved agents that target complementary biological and physicochemical traits, while providing facile SnF2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease more effectively with reduced fluoride exposure.
Qualitative, Lineation and Depth Evaluation of Potential Field Signatures in the Abeokuta Region, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Layade Gideon Oluyinka , Edunjobi Hazeez Owolabi , Ajayi Kehinde Daniel , Anifowoshe Motunrayo Morenike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ground gravity and magnetic geophysical surveys are proven veritable tool in the imagery of the subsurface through the analyses of their responses (potential field data). This research attempts to delineate subsurface linear structures that are possible conduits for mineral accumulation at a 2,500 square metres active exploration site of FUNAAB, Abeokuta region. Abeokuta is embayed in the Dahomey Basin comprising of magmatic older granites of Precambarian age to early Palaeozoic age. The qualitative interpretation technique employed by visualizing the grids reveals variations in density contrasts and susceptibilities which connote the lithological distribution of the basement. Areas of high gravity and magnetic values directly correspond to areas of high density bodies and magnetically susceptible mineral contents respectively. While the lows and steep discontinuities of both gravity and magnetic maps predict possible entrapments of mineral accumulation in the study area. The depth evaluation techniques employed are Peter’s Half Slope Method (PHSM) and 3D Euler deconvolution, showing the magnetic depths to basement range as 3.18 m to 5.88 m for PHSM and 1.00 m to 4.43 m for 3D Euler deconvolution. The gravity depth to basement reveals 7.03 m to 14.72 m for PHSM and 0.96 m to 4.13 m for 3D Euler deconvolution. The average depth results obtained clearly show that the study location is composed of shallow depth intrusive sources.
Cognitive Mapping and Episodic Memory Emerge From Simple Associative Learning Rules
Authors: Gribkova Ekaterina , Gillette Rhanor , Chowdhary Girish 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Episodic memory is characteristic of many actively foraging animals that exploit definable territories, enabling them to map contexts and environmental features in space and time. Memories are stored as episodic sequences of associative experiences, whose recall allows cognitive mapping of territories and social networks, predictive outcomes of imagined situations, and synthetic creativity in niche modification. These abilities are underused in artificial intelligence (AI) as most existing models are unwieldy in their need for computational power, and they lack the goal-directed motivation of animals. Here we show how simple associative learning rules are expansible for efficient episodic memory in an agent-based foraging simulation with a novel computational module, the Feature Association Matrix (FAM). The FAM enables highly efficient foraging and spatial navigation. It reproduces how higher-order conditioning mechanisms give rise to spatial cognitive mapping by chaining pair-wise associations and encoding them with additional contexts, similar to function of the vertebrate hippocampus. The dynamics are a biologically inspired, bottom-up enhancement of AI for higher-order cognition. This computationally light module provides a framework to create more complex memory systems to enable more adaptive and dynamic behaviors in autonomous agents. By mediating learning of spatiotemporal sequences and spatial mapping, the FAM offers significant potential for developing generalized cognitive mapping for more abstract thought.
Assessing Attentional Biases in Children with the Seven-item Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Qiaochu , Ho Samuel M.Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background. Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNIS) is a commonly used scale to measure attentional biases in adults. However, no research has validated the use of APNIS in primary school children and investigated the association between attentional biases and fear of COVID-19 among them.
Method. Two samples of early adolescents were involved in the current research. The first sample consisted of 122 children from a primary school who completed the Chinese version of the APNIS (CAPNIS) in the classrooms. Sample two included 321 children who completed the CAPNIS, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCS) in the classrooms at the first assessment. They completed FCS again after 6 months at the second assessment.
Results.The study revealed a CAPNIS with acceptable to good psychometric properties. Higher negative attentional bias, but not positive attentional bias predicted higher fear of COVID-19 after 6 months, controlling for fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression symptoms at the first assessment.
Conclusions. The findings supported that the CAPNIS might be used to predict the development of fear related to the pandemic.
Evidence of the change in ploidy levels in the plantlets established from endosperm culture of Persian Shallot (Allium hirtifolium)
Authors: Jahanian Amin , Motallebi-Azar Alireza , Panahandeh Jaber , Dadpour Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Allium hirtifolium (Amaryllidaceae), called “Mooseer” in Iran, is a bulbous plant with high medicinal values. It is native and endemic to the North West to central and South West of Iran. In the present study, regeneration plants with chromosomal changes are produced through in vitro mature and immature endosperm culture. In our study, both cultured endosperms formed yellow- green calli induced in the MS medium supplemented with (1.5 or 2 mg·L-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D), (0.5 or 1 mg·L-1) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) plus (0.5 or 1 mg·L-1) 6-furfurylamino purine (Kin) and 6-benyzlaminopurine (BAP). The highest callus induction in mature (87.62) and immature (62.49) endosperms was achieved on a medium with 1 mg·L-1 NAA and 1 mg·L-1 BAP. Regenerated shoots were transferred for bulblet growth to investigate their potential for bulblet production. Regeneration of plantlets from endosperm tissue shows high chromosome variations and polyploidy. Flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation confirmed that diploid (2n= 2x= 16), triploid (2n= 3x= 24), tetraploid (2n= 4x= 32) and aneuploid plantlets were achieved in these regenerated plants. The comparison of stomatal density and size in complete plantlets has revealed that with the increase in ploidy level, stomatal density decreased because of enlargement in stomatal length.
Functional characterization of acid-sensing ion channels in the cerebellum-originating medulloblastoma cell line DAOY and in cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Pissas Karolos-Philippos , Schilling Maria , Tian Yuemin , Gründer Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are Na+channels that are almost ubiquitously expressed in neurons of the brain. Functional ASIC1a is also expressed in glioblastoma stem cells, where it might sense the acidic tumor microenvironment. Prolonged acidosis induces cell death in neurons and reduces tumor sphere formation in glioblastoma via activation of ASIC1a. It is currently unknown whether ASICs are expressed and involved in acid-induced cell death in other types of brain tumors. In this study, we investigated ASICs in medulloblastoma, using two established cell lines, DAOY and UW228, as in vitro models. In addition, for the first time we characterized ASICs in the most numerous neuron of the brain, the cerebellar granule cell, which shares the progenitor cell with some forms of medulloblastoma. We report compelling evidence using RT-qPCR, western blot and whole-cell patch clamp that DAOY and cerebellar granule cells, but not UW228 cells, functionally express homomeric ASIC1a. Additionally, Ca2+-imaging revealed that extracellular acidification elevated intracellular Ca2+-levels in DAOY cells independently of ASICs. Finally, we show that overexpression of RIPK3, a key component of the necroptosis pathway, renders DAOY cells susceptible to acid-induced cell death via activation of ASIC1a. Our data supports the idea that ASIC1a is an important acid sensor in brain tumors and that its activation has potential to induce cell death in tumor cells.
Ecological risk assessment and mobility of arsenic and heavy metals in soils and mine tailings from the Carmina mine site (Asturias, NW Spain)
Authors: Fernandez-Martinez Rodolfo , Corrochano Noelia , Álvarez-Quintana Jessica , Ordóñez Almudena , Álvarez Rodrigo , Rucandio Isabel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An evaluation of the pollution, distribution, and mobility of arsenic and heavy metals in spoil heaps and the soils surrounding the abandoned Carmina Pb–Zn mine (Asturias, Northern Spain), is carried out. Fractionation of As was performed by means of an As-specific sequential extraction method while heavy metals fractionations were assessed using the Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) protocol. As appeared predominantly associated with amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. Among the heavy metals, Pb and Zn showed high mobility since significant amounts were extracted in the non-residual fractions, whereas Cr, Cu and Ni showed very low mobility indicating its lithogenic origin. Results show that the extractability of heavy metals in soils is influenced mainly by the presence of Fe and Mn oxides as well as by pH and Eh. Multiple pollution indices were used to assess the soil pollution extent: Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk index (Er) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). All of them showed that Pb was the key factor to cause the pollution and ecological risk in the studied area with significant contribution of Cu, Zn and As. Remarkably, the sites at higher risk coincided with those with higher mobility of As and heavy metals. This study provides an integrative approach as a powerful tool to evaluate the pollution status and potential threat to the local environment in abandoned mining areas which results useful for management decisions in these areas.
Health Equity in the Built Environment: Piloting a Walkability Index in San Francisco
Authors: Townsend Benjamin C. , Parvin Suraiya , Holmes Louisa M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and test a local measure of walkability in San Francisco County and evaluate walkability by race, ethnicity, and educational attainment at the census block group level. We used data collected as part of the 2019–2020 Bay Area Young Adult Health Study, wherein we conducted audits of 1525 randomly selected census blocks to assess domains, such as aesthetics, access to amenities, street safety, and topography, which we then imputed to the remaining blocks in the city for overall coverage. We linked the walkability index to 2015–2019 American Community Survey Data aggregating walkability to the block group level. We performed a geographically weighted regression to measure associations between walkability, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment and found significant negative associations between walkability and the percentage of non-Hispanic Black residents in specific neighborhoods and non-Hispanic Asian residents in all neighborhoods. We also found significant positive associations between the percentage of residents with a bachelor’s or higher degree and walkability. Inequities in walkability across neighborhoods in San Francisco County largely mirrored sociodemographic inequities. Our approach to constructing a walkability index points to a relatively efficient means of estimating fine-scale neighborhood characteristics in urban areas, and our findings suggest that investments in neighborhood infrastructure may positively impact walkability and address broader inequity concerns.
The role of Procyanidins in delaying the Premature Ovarian Insufficiency through regulatory Sirt1-p53-p21 signaling Pathway in Female Germline Stem Cells
Authors: Fu Xinxin , Ling Shuyi , Dai Yuqing , Hu Chuan , Zhong Zhisheng , Yang Shanzheng , Deng Shengjiang , Li Jia , Du Xuelian , Zheng Yuehui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As women age, their ovarian follicle pool naturally declines. However, female germline stem cells (FGSCs) possess a unique ability to differentiate into oocytes and continuously self-renew, providing an effective means of delaying ovarian aging by replenishing the primordial follicle pool. Therefore, activating FGSCs is critical in reshaping and safeguarding ovarian function. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of proanthocyanidins (PACs), natural antioxidants that exhibit anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for both male and female reproduction. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that PACs promote FGSCs proliferation while delaying ovarian aging. Specifically, PACs increase the number of primordial follicles, primary follicles, corpus luteum while reducing cystic follicles, and elevate estradiol(E2) levels along with anti-mullerian hormone(AMH) concentration levels in mice. Additionally, PACs significantly boost FGSC proliferation time- and dose-dependently by upregulating mRNA & protein expressions for FGSC-specific markers such as Mvh and Oct-4 while downregulating p53/p21 via activation of Sirt1 signaling pathway. The effects of PACS on FGCS were found to be impeded by the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527.Overall, this research provides strong evidence suggesting that PACS delay premature ovarian failure through regulating the Sirt1-p53-p21 signaling pathway involving female germline stem cells.
Symptomatic Presentation Influences Outcomes in Pediatric Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lorenzo Melissa , Lynch Aine , Ashkanase Jenna , Fazari Linda , George Kristen , Arathoon Katelyn , Minn Eric , Jeewa Aamir , Jean-St-Michel Emilie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Children with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) traditionally have a poor prognosis, with most patients either dying or requiring heart transplantation within 2 years of diagnosis. The development of symptoms in RCM suggests advanced disease, however no study has directly compared outcomes of these patients based on symptoms at time of diagnosis. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to compare children with RCM presenting with symptoms to those presenting without symptoms. Times to transplantation, death, and a composite outcome of adverse cardiac events (CPR, cardioversion, inotropic support, mechanical ventilation, mechanical support, or heart transplant) were outcomes of interest for statistical analysis. In total 25 patients with RCM were included. At 2 years following diagnosis, asymptomatic patients had a significantly better transplant-free survival at 57% compared to 17% for symptomatic patients (p = 0.03). Asymptomatic patients also had significantly improved cardiac event-free survival at 71% compared to symptomatic patients at 25% (p = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, cardiac symptoms at presentation remained an independent risk factor for heart-transplant or death (hazard ratio 5.17 (1.28–20.85), p = 0.02). In conclusion, the development of cardiac symptoms in pediatric RCM patients may be associated with a worse transplant-free survival.
Topometric Design of Reticulated Nanofiber Composites for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kotov Nicholas , Wang Mingqiang , Whishant Kody , Cecen Volcan , Zhao Lei , Zhong Zhengxiang , Liu Li , Huang Yudong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Large local stresses, heterogeneous deformation states, low cathode conductivity, and rapid polysulfide diffusion create multiple fundamental barriers for lithium-sulfur batteries1 to attain Coulombic efficiency, discharge rate, and cyclability performance comparable to Li ion cells 2–4. Here we show that sulfur cathodes structured as reticulated nanofiber composites (RNCs) address these problems and provide a general pathway to design materials for different battery chemistries using topometric descriptors that combine parameters from topological and Euclidian spaces. Specifically, high nodal degree and volumetric nodal density combined with low Ohm centrality and high Freundlich nodal density of networks from carbon nanotubes grown on top of carbonized aramid nanofibers5 engender composites with failure-resilient deformations, stress-adaptable charge transport, minimal dead volume, and high affinity to lithium polysulfides. The lithium-sulfur batteries with obtained cathodes exhibit charge-discharge rates as high as 10C, specific/areal capacity as high as 17.0 mAh/cm2, and cycle life > 2500 cycles. The electrochemical parameters exceed leading batteries with metal oxide cathodes by 300-500% and DOE targets for electric vehicle batteries by 300% 6. Topometric design can be extended to other materials with complex architectures needed to satisfy mutually restrictive stress, mass, and charge transport requirements for energy, biomedical and water technologies.