bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinases: Role of their dysregulation in carcinogenesis,
identification and inhibition
Authors: Sarkar Niloy , Singh Amit , Kumar Pankaj , Kaushik Mahima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein kinases belong to the phosphor-transferases superfamily of enzymes, which
“activate” enzymes via phosphorylation. The kinome of an
organism is the total set of genes in the genome, which encode for all the
protein kinases. Certain mutations in the kinome have been linked to
dysregulation of protein kinases, which in turn can lead to several diseases and
disorders including cancer. In this review, we have briefly discussed the role
of protein kinases in various biochemical processes by categorizing cancer
associated phenotypes and giving their protein kinase examples. Various
techniques have also been discussed, which are being used to analyze the
structure of protein kinases, and associate their roles in the oncogenesis. We
have also discussed protein kinase inhibitors and United States Federal Drug
Administration (USFDA) approved drugs, which target protein kinases and can
serve as a counter to protein kinase dysregulation and mitigate the effects of
oncogenesis. Overall, this review briefs about the importance of protein
kinases, their roles in oncogenesis on dysregulation and how their inhibition
via various drugs can be used to mitigate their effects.
Gentherapien bei den Motoneuronerkrankungen ALS und
SMA
Authors: Günther René 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose von Motoneuronerkrankungen wie Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) und
5q-assoziierte Spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA) bedeuteten in der Vergangenheit
schicksalshafte Machtlosigkeit gegenüber scheinbar unbehandelbaren
Erkrankungen mit schwersten motorisch-funktionellen Einschränkungen und
teils fatalen Krankheitsverläufen. Jüngste Fortschritte im
Verständnis der genetischen Kausalitäten dieser Erkrankungen
kombiniert mit Erfolgen in der Entwicklung von gezielten Gentherapiestrategien
bewirken eine hoffnungsvolle Wende hin zu erstmals effektiven, innovativen
Therapiekonzepten gleichsam als Pionier in der Behandlungsfähigkeit
neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Während für die SMA seit
wenigen Jahren Gentherapien bereits zugelassen werden konnten, befindet sich die
Gentherapieerforschung bei der ALS mit ermutigenden Resultaten noch in der
klinischen Prüfung. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick
über die bisher bekannten genetischen Hintergründe von ALS und
SMA sowie deren Gentherapie-Ansätze mit Fokus auf Therapiekandidaten,
die sich in klinischen Prüfungen befinden oder bereits die Markzulassung
erworben haben.
Validity evidence for observational ERCP competency assessment tools: a systematic review
Authors: Walsh Catharine M. , Grover Samir C. , Khan Rishad , Homsi Hoomam , Gimpaya Nikko , Lisondra James , Sabrie Nasruddin , Gholami Reza , Bansal Rishi , Scaffidi Michael A. , Lightfoot David , James Paul D. , Siau Keith , Forbes Nauzer , Wani Sachin , Keswani Rajesh N. 
Published: February 2023

Background Assessment of competence in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is critical for supporting learning and documenting attainment of skill. Validity evidence supporting ERCP observational assessment tools has not been systematically evaluated.
Methods We conducted a systematic search using electronic databases and hand-searching from inception until August 2021 for studies evaluating observational assessment tools of ERCP performance. We used a unified validity framework to characterize validity evidence from five sources: content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables, and consequences. Each domain was assigned a score of 0–3 (maximum score 15). We assessed educational utility and methodological quality using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education framework and the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument, respectively.
Results From 2769 records, we included 17 studies evaluating 7 assessment tools. Five tools were studied for clinical ERCP, one for simulated ERCP, and one for simulated and clinical ERCP. Validity evidence scores ranged from 2 to 12. The Bethesda ERCP Skills Assessment Tool (BESAT), ERCP Direct Observation of Procedural Skills Tool (ERCP DOPS), and The Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and ERCP Skills Assessment Tool (TEESAT) had the strongest validity evidence, with scores of 10, 12, and 11, respectively. Regarding educational utility, most tools were easy to use and interpret, and required minimal additional resources. Overall methodological quality (maximum score 13.5) was strong, with scores ranging from 10 to 12.5.
Conclusions The BESAT, ERCP DOPS, and TEESAT had strong validity evidence compared with other assessments. Integrating tools into training may help drive learners’ development and support competency decision making.
Minimally Invasive Technique for Spontaneous Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Authors: Raval Himanshu , Shah Kalpesh , Bhatt Mona 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to introduce a cost-effective and less invasive method for the evacuation of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH).
Background IPH in the presence or absence of intraventricular hemorrhage has severe morbidity and has almost 50% mortality whether the patient is managed surgically or medically. Development of minimally invasive surgical techniques offers better outcomes but requires the use of special instruments and a unique skill set that is costly and requires special training.
Method We inserted infant feeding tube within the hematoma via the left Kocher's burr hole. We instilled 40,000 IU of urokinase serially at an 8 hours interval for 3 days to evacuate the left gangliocapsular hematoma.
Result We have treated a 50 years old hypertensive male patient with left gangliocapsular IPH and right hemiparesis (power: ⅖ on admission). After a month, on follow-up, the patient was conscious and oriented with improved right hemiparesis (power: ⅘).
Conclusion This technique of evacuating hematoma is instrumental in peripheral centers in developing as well as under-developed countries where there are limited resources and a better outcome is expected with minimal morbidity.
Complications of Different Types of Cranioplasty and Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Cranioplasty at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Shukla Yatendra , Sundaram Ponraj Kamatchi , Ramalingam Jinendra Kumar , Costa Jorson D. , Parab Amey , Jakhar Subhash , Chauhan Ganesh , Bharti Rohit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an urgent procedure which is done to decrease intracranial pressure. A study of the complications would suggest measures to improve the care. This study was focused on analyzing the complications after cranioplasty (CP) and to identify risk factors that may be associated with the failure of the procedure.
Method: This study was conducted over 41 months at level-1 trauma center and medical college. It included patients undergoing CP for a defect arising out of previous DC or inability to replace the bone flap (Glasgow Coma Scale > 13, size > 5 cm, without surgical site infection). All patients underwent CT imaging before and after the procedure. The CP technique largely depended on the patients, based on the cost of prosthesis and availability.
Result: Hundred patients were included in the study. Postoperatively, total 22 patients suffered complications of which few had more than one complication. Titanium implant appeared to be a better implant, with no complication (p < 0.05). Complication was common in younger age group, chemically cured PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and ethylene oxide) sterilized bone flap). Complications were higher among patients with multiple comorbidity and stroke patients.
Conclusion: Titanium flap had no complication and in case of autologous abdominal subcutaneous flap, apart from bone flap absorption, patients had no major complication. Therefore, both implants are preferred implants for CP. Heat-cured PMMA can be used in case of nonavailability of a better option, as it is economical feasible and can be molded at any dental lab.
Hemoglobin Change after Red Blood Cell Transfusion for Postpartum Anemia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Rush Margaret , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Hamm Rebecca F. 
Published: February 2023

Objective We aimed to describe hemoglobin (Hb) change after transfusion in the nonacute postpartum anemic population in order to provide clinicians with appropriate expectations regarding Hb rise posttransfusion.
Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing initial transfusion with 1 unit of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) to 2 units pRBCs for postpartum women requiring nonacute transfusion (n = 66). Inclusion criteria were: age 18 years and older, Hb level either <7 g/dL or >7 g/dL with signs or symptoms of anemia, and > 6 hours postpartum without contraindication to transfusion. Hb assessment was performed 4 to 6 hours after initial transfusion. Hb change (ΔHb) was calculated as posttransfusion Hb minus randomization Hb. Our primary goal was to describe mean ΔHb per pRBC transfused at the 4- to 6-hour posttransfusion blood count. We also compared ΔHb per pRBC transfused by number of units transfused, body mass index (BMI), and symptoms (dizziness and/or fatigue) at time of posttransfusion assessment.
Results Participants were mean age 29, mean BMI of 27, and over 70% self-identified as black, 12% identified as white, and 9% as Asian race. Mean Hb prior to transfusion was 6.9 ± 0.6 g/dL. Mean ΔHb per pRBC transfused was 0.9 ± 0.4g/dL. There was no difference in ΔHb per pRBC by BMI category (normal weight < 25 kg/m2: 1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL; overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2: 0.9 ± 0.5 g/dL; obese ≥ 30 kg/m2: 0.9 ± 0.5 g/dL; p = 0.12). Finally, there was also no significant difference in ΔHb per pRBC by whether or not symptoms of anemia persisted after initial transfusion (1.0 ± 0.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 g/dL, p = 0.39).
Conclusion Our data supports the classically accepted rise in Hb after pRBC of approximately 1 g/dL, regardless of BMI category or anemia symptomatology. The study population includes patients at highest risk of postpartum anemia. The results of our study provide important information for clinicians caring for postpartum patients with nonacute anemia.
Key Points
Study of the characteristics of the system: Ion source–ion decelerator
Authors: Obukhov V. A. , Svotina V. V. 
Published: February 2023

The features of the method for the formation of dense low-energy ion beams in the system consisting of ion source–ion decelerator are considered. According to this method, a wide ion beam is formed using an ion source with an ion energy of 500 eV and higher, and then the ions are decelerated just before landing on the substrate surface by an electric field created in the ion decelerator. In the considered ion decelerator, the electric field that slows down the ions is created in a gas discharge in E × B fields due to the Hall effect. The decelerated electrode imitating the substrate is located in the field of action of a magnetic field with an induction of 0.45 T. The ion decelerator is characterized as a Hall magnetohydrodynamic converter of the ion beam kinetic energy into electrical energy. The analysis of plasma processes in the converter has been carried out on the basis of the model of the ion-vacuum regime of a discharge in E × B fields for estimating the expected properties of the converter and their verification based on experimental results. In experiments, an ion source of the Kaufman type formed an argon ion beam with a density of 0.5–2 mA/cm2 and ion energy of 300–1500 eV was used. The voltage–current characteristics of the converter are given. The ratio of electron and ion components of the current in the circuit of the decelerated electrode was determined when the beam space charge neutralizer in the form of a heated filament was switched on and off. Using a Langmuir probe and a thermionic probe, the distributions of the ion beam current density and the potential of the plasma surrounding the ion beam in the beam transport space has been studied. A significant influence of the potential of the decelerator electrode on the plasma potential in the region of ion beam transport is shown. The features of the discharge in a specific design of the ion decelerator for a deceleration degree of ions to an energy of 50–75 eV are revealed.
Efficacy and acceptability of ‘nudges’ aimed at promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use: a survey of overseas born men who have sex with men
Authors: Fidler Nicholas , Vlaev Ivo , Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Chow Eric P. F. , Lee David , Read Daniel , Ong Jason J. 
Published: February 2023

Background This study explores the potential for behavioural economics techniques called ‘nudges’ to encourage the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by overseas-born men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We investigated the preferences of overseas-born MSM for different nudges and the effect of nudges on reported likelihood of seeking information about PrEP. Methods We conducted an online survey of overseas-born MSM, in which they were asked: (1) how likely they and a relevant friend would be to click on PrEP advertisements that used behavioural economics strategies; and (2) what they most and least liked about each ad. We conducted ordered logistic regression of reported likelihood scores against participant age and sexual orientation, use of a model in an advertisement, use of statistics about PrEP, reference to the World Health Organization (WHO), rewards for seeking further information, and use of a call-to-action. Results Participants (n = 324) reported higher likelihoods of clicking on advertisements with images of people, statistics about PrEP, rewards for seeking further information, and calls-to-action. They reported lower likelihoods of clicking on advertisements referencing the WHO. They had negative emotional responses to sexualised humour, gambling metaphors, and the slogan ‘Live Fearlessly’. Conclusions Overseas-born MSM prefer public health messages that feature representative messengers and statistics about PrEP. These preferences are consistent with previous data on descriptive norms (i.e. statistics about the number of peers doing the desired behaviour) and gain-framed information (i.e. focusing on what can be gained from an intervention).
Mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies to norovirus induced in infant mice orally inoculated with recombinant rotaviruses
Authors: Kawagishi Takahiro , Sánchez-Tacuba Liliana , Feng Ningguo , Costantini Veronica P. , Tan Ming , Jiang Xi , Green Kim Y. , Vinjé Jan , Ding Siyuan , Greenberg Harry B. 
Published: February 2023

Rotaviruses (RVs) preferentially replicate in the small intestine and frequently cause severe diarrheal disease, and the following enteric infection generally induces variable levels of protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in humans and other animals. Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) is a simian RV that was previously used as a human RV vaccine and has been extensively studied in mice. Although RRV replicates poorly in the suckling mouse intestine, infection induces a robust and protective antibody response. The recent availability of plasmid only-based RV reverse genetics systems has enabled the generation of recombinant RVs expressing foreign proteins. However, recombinant RVs have not yet been experimentally tested as potential vaccine vectors to immunize against other gastrointestinal pathogens in vivo
.
This is a newly available opportunity because several live-attenuated RV vaccines are already widely administered to infants and young children worldwide. To explore the feasibility of using RV as a dual vaccine vector, we rescued replication-competent recombinant RRVs harboring bicistronic gene segment 7 that encodes the native RV nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) protein and a human norovirus (HuNoV) VP1 protein or P domain from the predominant genotype GII.4. The rescued viruses expressed HuNoV VP1 or P protein in infected cells in vitro and elicited systemic and local antibody responses to HuNoV and RRV following oral infection of suckling mice. Serum IgG and fecal IgA from infected suckling mice bound to and neutralized both RRV and HuNoV. These findings have encouraging practical implications for the design of RV-based next-generation multivalent enteric vaccines to target HuNoV and other human enteric pathogens.
“You betcha I’m a ’Merican”
Authors: Hirota Tomoharu , Brinton Laurel J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article studies you bet and related phrases when they are used as a parenthetical and as a free-standing response. Drawing on a range of corpora, we provide both contemporary and historical perspectives on the set of pragmatic expressions that has largely escaped scholars’ attention. Synchronically, we demonstrate that they are colloquial American pragmatic markers to express speaker certainty/affirmation or to respond to thanks. Diachronically, these markers are hypothesized to have developed out of main clause usage with a clausal complement (‘the matrix clause hypothesis’); however, our historical corpus evidence does not straightforwardly support this hypothesis. Instead, we suggest that multiple constructions might have been involved in the emergence of the pragmatic markers, namely, wh-interrogatives (e.g. what will you bet (that) …?), modal constructions (e.g. you may/can bet (that) …), and main clauses with a reduced complement (e.g. You bet I do).
Rattling-induced suppression of thermal transport in cubic In2O3 with Sn-Ga diatomic defect
Authors: Cocemasov Alexandr , Brinzari Vladimir , Nika Denis L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the first principles study of cubic In2O3 with a diatomic defect composed of a Sn atom substituting the In atom at the b-site and a Ga atom embedded in the nearest c-site (structural vacancy) with lattice positions according to the Wyckoff notations. Structural, electronic, phononic and thermal properties were investigated within density functional theory formalism. The lattice anharmonicity effects were taken into account for all possible three-phonon scattering processes. The phonon transport was considered within the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation with relaxation time approximation. In the relaxed lattice, a strong rearrangement of the initial positions of the atoms in the defect vicinity was revealed, which primarily manifests itself in the displacement of the Sn atom toward another interstitial site. Thus, a cage is formed around the defect by 12 O and 12 In atoms. The calculations of elastic constants and mean square displacements of cage region atoms showed the rattling-like behavior of the Sn atom. Bader charge analysis and electron localization function allowed a deeper understanding and explanation of such behavior. Phonon energy spectra as compared to In2O3 and In2O3:(Sn) demonstrated flattening of phonon branches with spatial localization of phonon modes. They also revealed a decrease in average group velocities of phonons, including those of acoustic type, the presence of avoided-crossing features in the low energy range, and an increase of available phase space for three-phonon scattering. Accounting for all these vibrational features due to defect atoms resulted in a thermal conductivity drop at room temperature by more than seven times compared to In2O3.
Analogies of phonon anomalies and electronic gap features in the infrared response of Sr

14−x

Ca
x
Cu24O41 and underdoped YBa2Cu3O

6+x
Authors: Adamus Petr , Xu Bing , Marsik Premysl , Dubroka Adam , Barabasová Paulína , Růžičková Hana , Puphal Pascal , Pomjakushina Ekaterina , Tallon Jeffery L , Mathis Yves-Laurent , Munzar Dominik , Bernhard Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study which compares the phonon anomalies and the electronic gap features in the infrared response of the weakly coupled two-leg-ladders in Sr

14
−
x

Ca
x
Cu24O41 (SCCO) with those of the underdoped high-T

c
superconductor YBa2Cu3O

6
+
x

(YBCO) and thereby reveals some surprising analogies. Specifically, we present a phenomenological model that describes the anomalous doping- and temperature-dependence of some of the phonon features in the a-axis response (field along the rungs of the ladders) of SCCO. It assumes that the phonons are coupled to charge oscillations within the ladders. Their changes with decreasing temperature reveal the formation of a crystal (density wave) of hole pairs that are oriented along the rungs. We also discuss the analogy to a similar model that was previously used to explain the phonon anomalies and an electronic plasma mode in the c-axis response (field perpendicular to the CuO2 planes) of YBCO. We further confirm that an insulator-like pseudogap develops in the a-axis conductivity of SCCO which closely resembles that in the c-axis conductivity of YBCO. Most surprisingly, we find that the c-axis conductivity (field along the legs of the ladders) of SCCO is strikingly similar to the in-plane one (field parallel to the CuO2 planes) of YBCO. Notably, in both cases a dip feature develops in the normal state spectra that is connected with a spectral weight shift toward low frequencies and can thus be associated with precursor superconducting pairing correlations that are lacking macroscopic phase coherence. This SCCO–YBCO analogy indicates that collective degrees of freedom contribute to the low-energy response of underdoped high T

c
cuprates and it even suggests that the charges in the CuO2 planes tend to segregate forming quasi-one-dimensional structures similar to the two-leg ladders, as predicted for the stripe-scenario or certain intertwinned states.
Density polarization effect of spin-up and spin-down electrons on magnetosonic solitons in a dense plasma with oblique magnetic field
Authors: Hussain S , Mahmood S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear wave propagation of fast and slow magnetosonic waves is investigated in a magnetized quantum plasma with spin polarization effects of degenerate electrons. The multi-fluid quantum magnetohydrodynamic model is considered and two separate fluid dynamic equations for degenerate electrons i.e. spin-up and spin-down states (Pauli paramagnetism) with their different Fermi pressures. The ions are assumed to be classical and external magnetic field lies in a plane. The magnetization energy and current density of electrons due to the spin-1/2 effects are included in the momentum equation of the degenerate electrons and Maxwell equations, respectively. A Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation is derived for nonlinear magnetosonic waves in a dense magnetized plasma with the inclusion of electron spin effects and oblique external magnetic field. The electron inertial effect (which causes wave dispersion) of both spin-up and spin-down state electrons is also included in the model. It is found that electron spin polarization density has significant effects on the phase speed and soliton structures (i.e. its width and amplitude) of fast (hump) and slow (dip) magnetosonic waves in a dense magnetized plasma. The present theoretical study along with the obtained numerical results may have possible applications towards many realistic astrophysical scenarios.