bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR‐181 family: Wide‐ranging pathophysiological effects on cell fate and function
Authors: Bell‐Hensley Austin , Das Samarjit , McAlinden Audrey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that can target and inhibit translation of multiple mRNAs within a given cell type. As such, a number of different pathways and networks may be modulated as a result. In fact, miRNAs are known to regulate many cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism. This review focuses on the miR‐181 family and provides information from the published literature on the role of miR‐181 homologs in regulating a range of activities in different cell types and tissues. Of note, we have not included details on miR‐181 expression and function in the context of cancer since this is a broad topic area requiring independent review. Instead, we have focused on describing the function and mechanism of miR‐181 family members on differentiation toward a number of cell lineages in various non‐neoplastic conditions (e.g., immune/hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes). We have also provided information on how modulation of miR‐181 homologs can have positive effects on disease states such as cardiac abnormalities, pulmonary arterial hypertension, thrombosis, osteoarthritis, and vascular inflammation. In this context, we have used some examples of FDA‐approved drugs that modulate miR‐181 expression. We conclude by discussing some common mechanisms by which miR‐181 homologs appear to regulate a number of different cellular processes and how targeting specific miR‐181 family members may lead to attractive therapeutic approaches to treat a number of human disease or repair conditions, including those associated with the aging process.
Implementation and function of interdisciplinary rounds: An observational multisite hospital study from project ACHIEVE
Authors: Vundi Nikita , Clouser Jessica M. , Adu Akosua K. , Li Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterdisciplinary rounds (IDR) are increasingly employed by hospitals; however, there is no formal definition, structure, or framework.ObjectiveThe purpose of this observational study was to document the heterogeneity of IDRs and assess the different characteristics associated with IDR functions.Designs, Settings, and ParticipantsObservation of IDR occurred at 27 hospitals that were purposively selected to ensure a mix of the following criteria: geographic region, provider type, for‐profit status, population (e.g., urban, rural), and teaching status. Hospitals identified general medical floors covered by hospitalists for IDR observations.InterventionThe study team conducted hospital site visits to observe the implementation of IDR. A checklist was developed to record IDR structure and processes, content, and outcomes. Data from two content expert observers were reconciled, and a consensus was attained.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe study measures include two IDR functions: topics discussed during IDR (changes in medical treatment, responsibilities and shared understanding of goals and expectations, anticipation of discharge date and needs, anticipating follow‐up care and service needs), and effective communication.ResultsHospitals varied significantly in IDR implementation. 51.9% included the “core” team (i.e., a physician, nurse, pharmacist, and case manager/social worker), though all included a case manager or social worker. Most (81.5%) occurred before noon. Content chiefly focused on medical care (74.1 to 92.6%) with patient responsibilities and preferences being less frequently discussed (25.9 to 40.7%). Bivariate analyses revealed that afternoon rounds were more likely to include dischargeȐrelated topics, such as patient/caregiver preferences (100% vs. 27.3%, p = .003) and follow‐up needs (100% vs. 36.4%, p = .010).When IDR occurred at bedside, financial resources were more often assessed (100% vs. 34.8%, p = .015) and patient's ability to obtain medication was more often anticipated (75% vs. 21.7%, p = .031).
Application of Multiparameter Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Li Zhangfang , Luo Yaosheng , Feng Xiaoting , Zhang Qing , Zhong Qiang , Weng Chanyan , Chen Zhi , Shen Jie 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAssessment of the activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is difficult. Existing methods need improvement.PurposeInvestigate the application of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in GO.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 235 GO patients (age: 38.8 ± 13.4 years; 90 male; 96 active patients).Field Strength/SequenceShort‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) fast spin echo, multiecho spin echo T2 mapping and 3D T1‐weighted fast field echo sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentTwo physicians assessed the mean and maximum signal intensity ratio of extraocular muscles to white matter (SIR), T2 relaxation time (T2RT), extraocular muscle area (EMA), fat fraction (FF), retrobulbar fat volume (RFV), and extraocular muscle volume (EMV). Clinical activity score (CAS) ≧ 3 was in active stage.Statistical TestsThe optimal cut‐off point of diagnostic efficacy was selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), compared using Student's t test, analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis H test. The correlation used Pearson correlation analysis. The discriminant equation used a binary logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe SIRmean, SIRmax, T2RTmean, T2RTmax, EMA, and EMV in active GO patients were significantly higher than those in inactive and were positively correlated with CAS (r = 0.276, 0.228, 0.438, 0.388, 0.502, and 0333, respectively). The FFmax of active patients was significantly lower than that of inactive patients and was negatively correlated with CAS (r = −0.44). Logistic regression analysis indicated that T2RTmean was independently associated with GO active periods and had good diagnostic performance (area under ROC curve = 0.736, sensitivity 70.7%, specificity 69.3%). T2RTmean ≧ 74.295 could be a diagnostic cut‐off for judging GO activity (sensitivity 55.3%).ConclusionSIR, T2RT, EMV, and FF can quantitatively assess the activity and severity of GO and can potentially provide a basis for clinical judgment and selection of treatment options.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Short handling times allow for active prey selection in suspension feeding copepods
Authors: Ryderheim Fredrik , Thygesen Uffe H. , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe time it takes copepods to handle prey can vary depending on the properties of the prey, but it is still largely unknown how handling times may affect copepod feeding efficiency. We compiled data on prey‐handling times derived from video observations in 10 species of calanoid and cyclopoid copepods consuming a large variety of prey. Prey‐handling times vary by five orders of magnitude, and the largest fraction of this variation is explained by relative prey size: larger prey takes longer to handle. When normalized by prey volume (volume of prey handled per unit time), however, larger prey are handled more efficiently than smaller prey. Within this overarching pattern there are distinct differences among species. Thus, large species handle a certain prey size much faster than small species. However, when further normalizing by predator size, the data for all species (except Mesocyclops spp.) collapse on a common relationship. Handling times are generally not limiting maximum consumption rates, and less so for large prey. This allows room for prey selectivity, and indeed copepods are known to be highly selective feeders. Our data predict that copepods can afford to be more selective when feeding on larger than on smaller prey and when consumption is not limited by prey encounter rate, and this is consistent with observations of copepod feeding behavior. We argue that the fast handling times allow copepods to optimize their diet through prey selectivity, and that this is one key to the evolutionary success of pelagic copepods.
Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides: A Versatile Platform for Terahertz Radiation Generation (a Review)
Authors: Carnio Brett N. , Moutanabbir Oussama , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContinued development in the areas of communication, security, medicine, and safety is calling for terahertz‐wave technologies to evolve beyond laboratory research and into the realm of real‐world applications. Due to the compatibility of waveguides with on‐chip fabrication techniques and their ability to realize a small footprint, such structures provide a unique opportunity to achieve terahertz radiation generation in an on‐chip arrangement, ideal for practical applications requiring terahertz electric fields. This review considers waveguiding arrangements that produce terahertz radiation using the nonlinear frequency‐conversion techniques of optical rectification and difference frequency generation. The investigated terahertz radiation waveguiding sources are categorized into three different classes: those that confine and guide both the excitation electric fields and the generated terahertz radiation, those that confine and guide the excitation electric fields but not the generated terahertz radiation, and those that confine and guide the generated terahertz radiation but not the excitation electric fields. Various types of waveguides are surveyed from each category, including dielectric waveguides, metallic waveguides, photonic crystal waveguides, poled waveguides, and multiple waveguides embedded within one another. This review provides a detailed overview of state‐of‐the‐art terahertz radiation waveguide sources, with the intent of aiding in the continuing development of such sources.
High‐Performance Electro‐Optic Modulator on Silicon Nitride Platform with Heterogeneous Integration of Lithium Niobate
Authors: Ruan Ziliang , Chen Kaixuan , Wang Zong , Fan Xuancong , Gan Ranfeng , Qi Lu , Xie Yiwei , Guo Changjian , Yang Zhonghua , Cui Naidi , Liu Liu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilicon nitride (SiN) emerges as an important platform for ultralow loss photonic integrations with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatibility. However, active devices, such as modulators, are difficult to realize on pure SiN due to the lack of any electro‐optic (EO) properties of the material. Here, an SiN and lithium niobate (LN) heterogenous integration platform supporting high‐performance EO modulators on SiN waveguide circuits is introduced. An efficient evanescent coupling structure is realized for low‐loss light transitions between the SiN waveguide and the LN ridge waveguide with a measured mode transition loss of only 0.4 dB. Based on this heterogeneous platform, an EO Mach–Zender interference modulator on SiN is built with unprecedented loss, efficiency, and bandwidth performances. A half‐wave voltage of 4.3 V with a modulation bandwidth of 37 GHz and an overall insertion loss of 1 dB is measured for a 7‐mm long device. Data transmission up to 128 Gb s−1 with a bit‐error‐rate of <2.4 × 10‐4 is also demonstrated.
Performance Enhancement of Cadmium‐Free Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes via Cl‐Passivated Zn1−x−ySnxMgyO Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Layers
Authors: Zhao Jinxing , Wang Lijin , Lv Peiwen , Wang Fenghe , Li Xu , Chen Song , Qian Lei , Tang Aiwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough cadmium (Cd)‐based nanocrystals have enabled high‐performance quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), their mass production is likely to be affected by environmental protection policies. Among all the potential Cd‐free candidates, Cu‐In‐Zn‐S (CIZS) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted particular interests. Still, the performance of the corresponding LED is currently limited by imbalanced charge injection and luminescence quenching, which are both related to the ZnO‐based electron transporting layer (ETL). This work demonstrates that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Sn, Mg (Zn1−x−ySnxMgyO), and passivated with Cl are promising to resolve the above issues. All‐solution‐processed QLEDs based on Cd‐free CIZS NCs are fabricated by using Zn0.9Sn0.1O NPs as the ETL, and the peak external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) was nearly twice that of ZnO (EQEmax = 1.74%). The main reason is that the incorporation of Sn can reduce the conductivity of ZnO by an order of magnitude. Combining the advantages of Zn0.9Sn0.1O, Zn0.8Sn0.1Mg0.1O@Cl NPs are designed by the co‐doping of Mg and Cl passivation. The EQEmax and current efficiency based on Zn0.8Sn0.1Mg0.1O and Zn0.8Sn0.1Mg0.1O@Cl as ETLs are further increased to 4.84%, 14.00 cd A−1 and 5.53%, 15.99 cd A−1, respectively. The positive effects of Mg ions can remarkably optimize energy level structure to balance charge injection, while Cl can further passivate defects. The findings offer a new guideline for developing Cd‐free light‐emitting diodes.
Faster Multispectral Imager Based on Thin Liquid Crystal Modulator and 3D Neural Network Lattice
Authors: Pasha Doron , Abuleil Marwan J. , August Isaac Y. , Abdulhalim Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComputational spectral imaging using reconstruction methods such as compressed sensing and deep learning is becoming popular. Despite the great progress, for multispectral imaging, only few expectations are realized due to various constraints. Here, a new method is proposed for multispectral sensing based on use of the following: (i) dual spectral modules, one defining the working spectral bands while the other as spectral modulator, and (ii) distributed 3D neural network algorithm. The method shows fast and accurate sensing, avoids a complicated calibration process, and can directly access any wavelength at any point. Experimental demonstration is presented using thin liquid crystal cells showing high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Monte Carlo simulation of shielding designs for a cabinet form factor preclinical MV‐energy photon FLASH radiotherapy system
Authors: Rosenstrom Andrew , Santana‐Leitner Mario , Rokni Sayed H. , Shumail Muhammad , Tantawi Sami , Dewji Shaheen , Loo Billy W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeA preclinical MV‐energy photon FLASH radiotherapy system is being designed at Stanford and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Because of the higher energy and dose rate compared to conventional kV‐energy photon laboratory‐scale irradiators, adequate shielding in a stand‐alone cabinet form factor is more challenging to achieve. We present a Monte Carlo simulation of multilayered shielding for a compact self‐shielding system without the need for a radiation therapy vault.MethodsA multilayered shielding approach using multiple alternating layers of high‐Z and low‐Z materials is applied to the self‐shielded cabinet to effectively mitigate the secondary radiation produced and to allow the device to be housed in a Controlled Radiation Area outside of a radiation vault. The multilayered shielding approach takes advantage of the properties of high‐Z and low‐Z radiation shielding materials such as density, cross‐section, atomic number of the shielding elements, and products of radiation interactions within each layer. The Monte Carlo radiation transport code, FLUKA, is used to simulate the total effective dose produced by the operation.ResultsThe multilayered shielding designs proposed and simulated produced effective dose rates significantly lower than monolayer designs with the same total material thickness at the regulatory boundary; this is accomplished through the manipulation of the locations where secondary radiation is produced and reactions due to material properties such as neutron back reflection in hydrogen. Borated polyethylene at 5 wt% significantly increased the shielding performance as compared to regular polyethylene, with the magnitude of the reduction depending upon the order of the shielding material.ConclusionsThe multilayered shielding provides a path for shielding preclinical FLASH systems that deliver MV‐energy bremsstrahlung photons. This approach promises to be more efficient with respect to the shielding material mass and space claim as compared to shielded vaults typically required for clinical radiation therapy with MV photons.
Radiation hematologic toxicity prediction for locally advanced rectal cancer using dosimetric and radiomics features
Authors: Yue Haizhen , Geng Jianhao , Gong Liqing , Li Yongheng , Windsor Gabrielle , Liu Jiacheng , Pu Yichen , Du Yi , Wang Ruoxi , Wu Hao , Jiao Zhicheng , Bai Harrison , Jing Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHematologic toxicity (HT) is a common adverse tissue reaction during radiotherapy for rectal cancer patients, which may lead to various negative effects such as reduced therapeutic effect, prolonged treatment period and increased treatment cost. Therefore, predicting the occurrence of HT before radiotherapy is necessary but still challenging.PurposeThis study proposes a hybrid machine learning model to predict the symptomatic radiation HT in rectal cancer patients using the combined demographic, clinical, dosimetric, and Radiomics features, and ascertains the most effective regions of interest (ROI) in CT images and predictive feature sets.MethodsA discovery dataset of 240 rectal cancer patients, including 145 patients with HT symptoms and a validation dataset of 96 patients (63 patients with HT) with different dose prescription were retrospectively enrolled. Eight ROIs were contoured on patient CT images to derive Radiomics features, which were then, respectively, combined with the demographic, clinical, and dosimetric features to classify patients with HT symptoms. Moreover, the survival analysis was performed on risky patients with HT in order to understand the HT progression.ResultsThe classification models in ROIs of bone marrow and femoral head exhibited relatively high accuracies (accuracy = 0.765 and 0.725) in the discovery dataset as well as comparable performances in the validation dataset (accuracy = 0.758 and 0.714). When combining the two ROIs together, the model performance was the best in both discovery and validation datasets (accuracy = 0.843 and 0.802). In the survival analysis test, only the bone marrow ROI achieved statistically significant performance in accessing risky HT (C‐index = 0.658, P = 0.03). Most of the discriminative features were Radiomics features, and only gender and the mean dose in Irradvolume was involved in HT.ConclusionThe results reflect that the Radiomics features of bone marrow are significantly correlated with HT occurrence and progression in rectal cancer. The proposed Radiomics‐based model may help the early detection of radiotherapy induced HT in rectal cancer patients and thus improve the clinical outcome in future.
Efficient optimization of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI at 7 T using universal pulses and virtual observation points
Authors: Delebarre Thaddée , Gras Vincent , Mauconduit Franck , Vignaud Alexandre , Boulant Nicolas , Ciobanu Luisa 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo optimize the homogeneity of the presaturation module in a Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) acquisition at 7 T using parallel transmission (pTx).Theory and MethodsAn optimized pTx‐CEST presaturation scheme based on precomputed universal pulses was designed. The optimization was performed by minimizing the L2‐norm between the effective and a given target while imposing energy constraints under virtual observation points (VOPs) supervision. The proposed method was evaluated through simulations and experimentally, both in vitro, on a realistic human head phantom, and in vivo, on healthy volunteers. The results were compared with circular polarization (CP) presaturation and other pTx approaches previously proposed. All experiments were conducted on a 7 T MRI scanner using a commercial 8Tx/32Rx head coil.ResultsThe simulations show that the proposed pTx strategy boosted with VOPs is superior to the CP mode and existent pTx approaches. While the best results are obtained with subject specific pulses, the gain provided by the use of VOPs renders the universal pulses superior to tailored pulses optimized under vendor provided Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) management. In the phantom, the glucose map was significantly more homogeneous than with CP (root mean square error [RMSE] 17% vs. 30%). The efficiency of the method for in vivo hydroxyl, glutamate and rNOE weighted CEST acquisitions was also demonstrated.ConclusionThe use of a pTx presaturation scheme based on universal pulses optimized under VOP SAR management is significantly benefiting CEST imaging at high magnetic field.
Combination of passive and active methods towards site characterization of accelerometer stations in Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos George , Fikos Ilias , Garcia‐Jerez Antonio , Theodoulidis Nikos , Vargemezis George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe strong correlation between earthquake damage and the local geological conditions in an area has long been established, and site characterization studies are common practice for realistic estimation of seismic hazard and mitigation of the respective seismic risk. Estimation of the time‐averaged S‐waves velocity of the topmost 30 m (VS30) is recognized as a basic proxy for site characterization and has been incorporated in several building codes. In our work, we examine the inversion of single‐station ambient noise horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) curves to estimate the local one‐dimensional (1D) VS(Z) structure. The inversion is performed based on the diffuse field assumption, which allows for the inversion of HVSR, including the contributions of both body and surface waves. Although ambient noise data acquisition is immensely cost‐effective, HVSR curve inversion is subject to the solution non‐uniqueness issue, offering ambiguous results. To provide a possible solution for this matter, additional near‐surface geophysical methods such as the multichannel analysis of surface waves and the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were applied to derive information on the shallow subsurface structure. The acquired 1D seismic velocity profile was implemented as initial model in the HVSR inversion to constrain the velocities of the upper meters. Additionally, the inferred stratigraphy from the ERT electrical profile was utilized to constrain the thicknesses of the layers. Tests were conducted with and without a priori information from complementary techniques to explore how the HVSR inversion procedure is facilitated. The proposed methodology was applied at the locations of six accelerometers in the city of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, under different geological conditions. The reliability of the inverted VS(Z) models was checked by performing 1D numerical simulations of ambient noise waveforms generated by distributed sources and by direct comparison between synthetic ambient noise HVSR and single‐station earthquake HVSR curves.