bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Radiative‐Advective Equilibrium Regime Transition to Arctic Amplification
Authors: Liang Yu‐Chiao , Miyawaki Osamu , Shaw Tiffany A. , Mitevski Ivan , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Hwang Yen‐Ting 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEmission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has resulted in greater Arctic warming compared to global warming, known as Arctic amplification (AA). From an energy‐balance perspective, the current Arctic climate is in radiative‐advective equilibrium (RAE) regime, in which radiative cooling is balanced by advective heat flux convergence. Exploiting a suite of climate model simulations with varying carbon dioxide () concentrations, we link the northern high‐latitude regime variation and transition to AA. The dominance of RAE regime in northern high‐latitudes under reduction relates to stronger AA, whereas the RAE regime transition to non‐RAE regime under increase corresponds to a weaker AA. Examinations on the spatial and seasonal structures reveal that lapse‐rate and sea‐ice processes are crucial mechanisms. Our findings suggest that if concentration continues to rise, the Arctic could transition into a non‐RAE regime accompanied with a weaker AA.
High Stress Drop and Slow Rupture During the 2020 MW6.4 Intraplate Petrinja Earthquake, Croatia
Authors: Žilić Iva , Causse Mathieu , Vallée Martin , Markušić Snježana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHere we analyze the rupture process of the 29 December 2020 MW6.4 Petrinja earthquake (Croatia), the largest event instrumentally recorded in this area characterized by a moderate strain‐rate intraplate setting. We use foreshocks and aftershocks, recorded at more than 80 broadband stations located 70–420 km from the earthquake, as empirical Green's functions (EGFs) to separate source effects from propagation and local site effects. First, we deconvolve the mainshock P‐wave time windows from the EGFs in the frequency domain to obtain the corner frequency (fc). Spectral analysis based on the Brune's source model reveals a large stress drop of 24 MPa. Next, by deconvolving the Love waves in the time domain, we calculate the Apparent Source Time Functions (ASTFs). We find that the average duration of the source is ∼5 s, with no significant directivity effects, indicating a bilateral rupture. To extract physical rupture parameters such as rupture velocity, slip distribution and rise time, we deploy two techniques: (a) Bayesian inversion and (b) backprojection onto isochrones of ASTFs. Both techniques show a low rupture velocity (40%–50% of the shear wave velocity) and a rupture length of less than 10 km, that is, much less than would typically be expected for a magnitude 6.4 earthquake. This apparent anticorrelation between stress drop and rupture velocity may be attributed to the complex and segmented fault system characteristic of immature intraplate settings.
Urbanization Intensifies Heavy Hourly Rainfall Preconditioned by Heatwaves
Authors: Deng Zifeng , Villarini Gabriele , Wang Zhaoli , Wu Xushu , Zeng Zhaoyang , Lai Chengguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeatwave preconditioned‐heavy rainfall (HW_HR), a preconditioned compound event, can cause more damage than a single heatwave or rainstorm. Both heatwaves and rainstorms can be exacerbated by the presence of cities, but the response of their compounding to urbanization remains unclear especially at the hourly scale. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal responses of hourly HW_HR to a typical urban agglomeration, the Pearl River Delta, using observations and scenario‐based numerical simulations. Compared to rural areas, the observations show that HW_HR in urban areas has a higher probability of occurrence and mean intensity, and its diurnal cycle of frequency is narrower, peaking in the afternoon. The temporal and spatial response of HW_HR intensity to urbanization effects is the most significant, with the urbanization‐induced increase in HW_HR being five times that in non‐heatwave preconditioned‐heavy rainfall (noHW_HR). Our simulations support the observations and suggest that urbanization‐induced changes are intense and spatially heterogeneous in HW_HR but relatively weak and spatially continuous in noHW_HR. The simulations also suggest that heatwave preconditioning not only amplifies urbanization‐induced changes in key variables that alter atmospheric conditions but also provides a pre‐storm unstable environment for the urban‐induced warm‐dry surface to trigger and enhance convection. The sub‐daily pre‐storm environment suggests that the preconditioning‐induced thermodynamic changes gradually decrease, whereas the dynamic changes gradually increase as the event approaches. Our study highlights the importance of understanding urbanization effects on preconditioned events, providing new insights into the role of preconditions in the urban water cycle.
Annual Chronology and Climate Signals in Swietenia macrophylla and Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) in the Maya Lowlands
Authors: González‐Méndez Isabel , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Pearson Charlotte , Pons Diego , Frank David , Edwards Julie , Luna Erwin , Pérez Wilson 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite efforts over recent decades, a gap persists in the global network of tree‐ring chronologies in the tropical Americas and especially for low‐elevation sites. This gap can be attributed to the inherent challenges in identifying tropical species well‐suited for dendrochronology that form reliably annual rings. Even when seasonal growth rhythms do exist, properly distinguishing true annual boundaries from false rings and identifying any locally absent rings can make the process of visually crossdating lowland tropical species extremely challenging. Here, we combine traditional dendrochronological techniques with high‐precision radiocarbon bomb‐pulse dating and wood anatomical analysis to confirm annual ring formation in Cedrela odorata L and Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) in the northern Maya lowlands of Guatemala. Our findings indicate annual ring formation in both species, but the radiocarbon measurements also indicated an initial misdating due to the anatomical challenges encountered during visual and graphical crossdating. We demonstrate how the iterative use of dendrochronological, wood anatomical, and radiocarbon methods allowed us to correct, validate and assign exact calendar dates to our tree‐ring series. Once the exact chronology was established, we found that tree‐ring width in both species is influenced by precipitation during June, July and August, which coincides with the timing of the Midsummer Drought in the Central American precipitation regime. Successfully demonstrating annual tree growth periodicity in Cedrela odorata and Swietenia macrophylla establishes the groundwork for future tree‐ring research, including climate reconstructions, as well as the potential to develop annually resolved records in the lowlands of Central America.
IFNγ regulates ferroptosis in KFs by inhibiting the expression of SPOCD1 through DNMT3A
Authors: Wang Xiuxia , Yang Yating , Zhou Xianyu , Yu Shun , Luo Xusong , Lu Lin , Gao Zhen , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Keloid is benign skin tumor, and their curing is relatively difficult due to the unclear mechanism of formation. Inducing ferroptosis of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) may become a new method for treating keloid. Here, we discover interferon (IFN)γ could induce KFs ferroptosis through inhibiting SPOC domain-containing protein 1 (SPOCD1), serving as a mode of action for CD8+T cell (CTL)-mediated keloid killing. Mechanistically, keloid IFNγ deficiency in combination with reduced DNMT3A increase the expression of SPOCD1, thereby promoting KFs’ proliferation and inhibiting its ferroptosis. Moreover, keloid SPOCD1 deficiency attenuates KFs progression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Reducing IFNγ and SPOCD1 simultaneously can increase the positive rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote mitochondrial shrinkage. Ex-vivo explant keloid culture has also confirmed that the reduction of SPOCD1 helps to reduce the proliferation rate of KFs, inhibit the angiogenesis of keloid scars, and thus inhibit keloid formation. Thus, IFNγ signaling paired with SPOCD1 is a natural keloid ferroptosis promoting mechanism and a mode of action of CTLs. Targeting SPOCD1 pathway is a potential anti-keloid approach.
Transport and inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate exporter SPNS2
Authors: Li Huanyu Z. , Pike Ashley C. W. , Chang Yung-Ning , Prakaash Dheeraj , Gelova Zuzana , Stanka Josefina , Moreau Christophe , Scott Hannah C. , Wunder Frank , Wolf Gernot , Scacioc Andreea , McKinley Gavin , Batoulis Helena , Mukhopadhyay Shubhashish , Garofoli Andrea , Pinto-Fernández Adán , Kessler Benedikt M. , Burgess-Brown Nicola A. , Štefanić Saša , Wiedmer Tabea , Dürr Katharina L. , Puetter Vera , Ehrmann Alexander , Khalid Syma , Ingles-Prieto Alvaro , Superti-Furga Giulio , Sauer David B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lysolipid critical to heart development, immunity, and hearing. Accordingly, mutations in the S1P transporter SPNS2 are associated with reduced white cell count and hearing defects. SPNS2 also exports the S1P-mimicking FTY720-P (Fingolimod) and thereby is central to the pharmacokinetics of this drug when treating multiple sclerosis. Here, we use a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, in vitro binding and in vivo S1P export assays, and molecular dynamics simulations to probe SPNS2’s substrate binding and transport. These results reveal the transporter’s binding mode to its native substrate S1P, the therapeutic FTY720-P, and the reported SPNS2-targeting inhibitor 33p. Further capturing an inward-facing apo state, our structures illuminate the protein’s mechanism for exchange between inward-facing and outward-facing conformations. Finally, using these structural, localization, and S1P transport results, we identify how pathogenic mutations ablate the protein’s export activity and thereby lead to hearing loss.
Self‐learning weight network based on label distribution training for facial expression recognition
Authors: Chen Yangbo , Peng Chunyan , Wang Xuan , Zheng Yuhui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe recent widespread utilization of facial expression recognition (FER) has garnered significant attention in the affective computing field. To address the issue of dominant features being suppressed during feature fusion in FER, this study proposes a self‐learning weight network based on label distribution training (SLW‐LDT). First, based on the ShuffleNet‐V2 backbone model, SLW‐LDT introduced a local feature extraction branch that highlights specific expression‐related features by cropping the facial image into four local regions. Subsequently, the SLW algorithm is devised to allocate learnable weights to global and local features from different branches before their fusion. Moreover, considering the challenge associated with accessing emotional distribution in facial images directly, a label distribution training module (LDT) is introduced during the training phase to generate label distributions for effective training purposes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accuracies of 89.77% and 64.21% on two in‐the‐wild datasets (RAF‐DB and AffectNet‐7), and 98.90% on the lab‐controlled CK+ dataset. Comparative analysis against state‐of‐the‐art methods reveals slight improvements in recognition accuracy along with robust performance exhibited by the model.
Effective sizing and optimization of hybrid renewable energy sources for micro distributed generation system
Authors: Kasi Shanmuganatha Vadivel , Das Narottam , Alahakoon Sanath , Hassan Nur 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRenewable energy sources (RES) are vital for addressing fossil fuel challenges and promoting environmental sustainability by reducing air pollution. Hybrid RES (HRES) in microgrids (MGs) enhance energy efficiency and reliability but face issues like energy management, load demand, and efficiency. Existing research on HRES in MGs often lacks efficiency, reliability, and accuracy. This model proposes a solution using ant lion colony optimization with particle swarm optimization (ALCO‐PSO) for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to improve power efficiency. The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm offers higher efficiency and better global search, but suffers from limitations such as computational complexity and premature convergence. The lion optimization algorithm (LOA) addresses these issues, enhancing the algorithm's robustness. However, ALCO faces challenges like limited scalability and global search ability, which are overcome by integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO). Additionally, direct current (DC) fault detection is enhanced using an artificial neural network (ANN) with solar data. The model's performance is evaluated using power, voltage, and power quality metrics, achieving 99.56% accuracy, faster convergence (0.11 s), an oscillation around 4.25 W, a tracking time of 0.2 s, an interruptible load of 0.009%, cost of energy (COE) of 0.0413%, and a penalty of 0.94 $/kWh.
The impact of mass uncertainties on r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers
Authors: Martinet Sébastien , Goriely Stephane 
Published: January 2025

Context. Theoretically predicted yields of elements created by the rapid neutron capture (r-) process carry potentially large uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge of nuclear properties and approximative hydrodynamical modeling of the matter ejection processes. One of the dominant uncertainties in determining the ejecta composition and radioactive decay heat stems from the still unknown nuclear masses of exotic neutron-rich nuclei produced during the neutron irradiation.
Aims. We investigate both the model (systematic) and parameter (statistical) uncertainties affecting nuclear mass predictions and explore their impact on r-process production, and subsequently on the composition of neutron star merger ejecta.
Methods. The impact of correlated model uncertainties on masses is estimated by considering five different nuclear mass models that are known to provide an accurate description of known masses. In addition, the uncorrelated uncertainties associated with local variation of model parameters are estimated using a variant of the backward-forward Monte Carlo method, to constrain the parameter changes to experimentally known masses before propagating them consistently to the unknown masses of neutron-rich nuclei. The impact of nuclear mass uncertainties is propagated to r-process nucleosynthesis in a 1.38–1.38 M⊙ neutron star merger model considering a large and representative number of trajectories.
Results. We find that the uncorrelated parameter uncertainties lead to ejected abundance uncertainties of 20% up to A ≃ 130 and 40% between A = 150 and 200, with peaks around A ≃ 140 and A ≃ 203 giving rise to deviations around 100–300%. The correlated model uncertainties remain larger than the parameter ones for most nuclei. However, both model and parameter uncertainties have an important impact on heavy nuclei production.
Conclusions. Improvements to nuclear models are still crucial in reducing uncertainties in predictions related to r-process nucleosynthesis. Both correlated model uncertainties and coherently determining parameter uncertainties are key in the sensitivity analysis.
Tracing magnetic switchbacks to their source: An assessment of solar coronal jets as switchback precursors
Authors: Bizien N. , Froment C. , Madjarska M. S. , Dudok de Wit T. , Velli M. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The origin of large-amplitude magnetic field deflections in the solar wind, known as magnetic switchbacks, is still under debate. These structures, which are ubiquitous in the in situ observations made by Parker Solar Probe (PSP), likely have their seed in the lower solar corona, where small-scale energetic events driven by magnetic reconnection could provide conditions ripe for either direct or indirect generation.
Aims. We investigated potential links between in situ measurements of switchbacks and eruptions originating from the clusters of small-scale solar coronal loops known as coronal bright points to establish whether these eruptions act as precursors to switchbacks.
Methods. We traced solar wind switchbacks from PSP back to their source regions using the ballistic back-mapping and potential field source surface methods, and analyzed the influence of the source surface height and solar wind propagation velocity on magnetic connectivity. Using extreme ultraviolet images, we combined automated and visual approaches to identify small-scale eruptions (e.g., jets) in the source regions. The jet occurrence rate was then compared with the rate of switchbacks captured by PSP.
Results. We find that the source region connected to the spacecraft varies significantly depending on the source surface height, which exceeds the expected dependence on the solar cycle and cannot be detected via polarity checks. For two corotation periods that are straightforwardly connected, we find a matching level of activity (jets and switchbacks), which is characterized by the hourly rate of events and depends on the size of the region connected to PSP. However, no correlation is found between the two time series of hourly event rates. Modeling constraints and the event selection may be the main limitations in the investigation of a possible correlation. Evolutionary phenomena occurring during the solar wind propagation may also influence our results. These results do not allow us to conclude that the jets are the main switchback precursors, nor do they rule out this hypothesis. They may also indicate that a wider range of dynamical phenomena are the precursors of switchbacks.
Resolving the mass transfer in the symbiotic recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis
Authors: Planquart L. , Jorissen A. , Van Winckel H. 
Published: January 2025

Context. T Coronæ Borealis (T CrB) is a symbiotic recurrent nova with an 80-year recurrence interval whose next eruption is imminent.
Aims. We aim to resolve the accretion mechanism of the binary system governing the mass transfer during its super-active phase.
Methods. Using phase-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy, we analyzed the zoo of spectral-line profiles arising from the symbiotic activity. We performed Doppler tomography of selected emission lines to resolve the system’s gaseous components and their different velocity regimes.
Results. We find evidence of enhanced accretion through Roche lobe overflow during the super-active phase, as traced by the oxygen, helium, and hydrogen lines. The accretion disk is found to be fully viscously evolved and extends up to its maximal radius. By mapping the kinematics of lines probing different excitation energies, we can identify distinct interaction sites. These include the bright spot at the stream impact on the accretion disk outer radius, the irradiation at the red-giant facing side, the stream-disk overflow, the accretion disk wind, and an expanding nebula. The nebula emerged at the rise of the super-active phase and underwent an acceleration phase of about five years. The temporal evolution of the lines supports the scenario where the departure from quiescence started in the disk, likely triggered by a disk instability similar to what occurs in dwarf novae outburst, leading to an increased mass accretion and causing important irradiation of the giant that has further enhanced the mass-transfer rate during the super-active phase.
Conclusions. Symbiotic recurrent nova, such as T CrB, are governed by similar mass-transfer mechanisms as found in cataclysmic variables despite their different orbital properties (longer orbital periods imposing larger accretion disks) and evolutionary pathways.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) VI. Evidence of disk-wind in G11.92-0.61 MM1
Authors: Bayandina O. S. , Moscadelli L. , Cesaroni R. , Beltrán M. T. , Sanna A. , Goddi C. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic disk-winds are thought to play a key role in the formation of massive stars by providing the fine-tuning between accretion and ejection, where excess angular momentum is redirected away from the disk, allowing further mass growth of a young protostar. However, only a limited number of disk-wind sources have been detected to date. To better constrain the exact mechanism of this phenomenon, expanding the sample is critical.
Aims. We performed a detailed analysis of the disk-wind candidate G11.92-0.61 MM1 by estimating the physical parameters of the massive protostellar system and constraining the wind-launching mechanism.
Methods. Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations of G11.92-0.61 MM1 were conducted in September 2021 with ALMA’s longest baselines, which provided a synthesised beam of ~30 mas. We obtained high-resolution images of the CH3CN (υ8=1 and υ=0), CH3OH, SO2, and SO molecular lines, as well as the 1.3 mm continuum.
Results. Our high-resolution molecular data allowed us to refine the parameters of the disk-outflow system in MM1. The rotating disk is resolved into two regions with distinct kinematics: the inner region (<300 au) is traced by high-velocity emission of high-excitation CH3CN lines and shows a Keplerian rotation; the outer region (>300 au), traced by mid-velocity CH3CN emission, rotates in a sub-Keplerian regime. The central source is estimated to be ~20 M⊙, which is about half the mass estimated in previous lower-resolution studies. A strong collimated outflow is traced by SO and SO2 emission up to ~3400 au around MM1a. The SO and SO2 emissions show a rotation-dominated velocity pattern, a constant specific angular momentum, and a Keplerian profile that suggests a magneto-centrifugal disk-wind origin with launching radii of ~50–100 au.
Conclusions. G11.92-0.61 MM1 appears to be one of the clearest cases of molecular line-traced disk-winds detected around massive protostars.
Differenzialdiagnose der altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration
Authors: Charbel Issa Peter , De Silva Samantha R. , Pfau Kristina , Birtel Johannes 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose der altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) kann einen Einschnitt im Leben von Patienten bedeuten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es wichtig, Differenzialdiagnosen in Erwägung zu ziehen, da diese sich hinsichtlich Prognose, Vererblichkeit, Kontroll- und Therapiebedarf beträchtlich von der AMD unterscheiden können. Differenzialdiagnosen sind vor allem andere Makulaerkrankungen mit Drusen, drusenähnlichen Veränderungen, weitere monogene Netzhautdystrophien sowie ein breites Spektrum weiterer, oftmals seltener Makulaerkrankungen. In dieser Übersicht werden anhand klinischer Beispiele Befundkonstellationen gezeigt, bei denen eine Differenzialdiagnose der AMD in Erwägung gezogen werden sollte. Unter anderem beinhaltet dies Patienten mit autosomal-dominanten Drusen, Sorsby-Fundusdystrophie, Pachydrusen, spät beginnendem Morbus Stargardt, extensive makuläre Atrophie mit Pseudodrusen (EMAP), Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), North-Carolina-Makuladystrophie, mitochondriale
Retinopathie, Benign Yellow Dot Maculopathy, kuppel- oder leistenförmige Makulopathie und makuläre Teleangiektasien Typ 2.