bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on pumping wear characteristics of concrete pipeline based on CFD-DEM coupling
Authors: Liao Yuankun , Cheng Kai , Sun Wuhe , Zhao Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConcrete pumping, integral to building construction, governs pipeline durability and overall construction efficiency. This study advances the traditional methods by employing the CFD-DEM coupling technique, a pioneering approach that integrates the irregular shape of coarse aggregates, capturing the intricacies of concrete pumping in pipelines. Beyond identifying primary wear areas and quantifying wear magnitudes, this research unveils a quadratic progression in average wear over time. The most pronounced wear appears in the pipeline’s bent sections. Notably, pumping speed, more influential than aggregate volume fraction, is pivotal to pipeline wear. Minimized speeds increase blockage risks, notably at elbows, while augmented speeds intensify wear. An optimal speed range between 2 and 3 m/s is deduced. Additionally, as the aggregate volume fraction surges, wear amplifies and blockages frequent. Hence, an aggregate volume fraction between 15 and 20% emerges as the recommendation.
Human intuition as a defense against attribute inference
Authors: Waniek Marcin , Suri Navya , Zameek Abdullah , AlShebli Bedoor , Rahwan Talal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAttribute inference—the process of analyzing publicly available data in order to uncover hidden information—has become a major threat to privacy, given the recent technological leap in machine learning. One way to tackle this threat is to strategically modify one’s publicly available data in order to keep one’s private information hidden from attribute inference. We evaluate people’s ability to perform this task, and compare it against algorithms designed for this purpose. We focus on three attributes: the gender of the author of a piece of text, the country in which a set of photos was taken, and the link missing from a social network. For each of these attributes, we find that people’s effectiveness is inferior to that of AI, especially when it comes to hiding the attribute in question. Moreover, when people are asked to modify the publicly available information in order to hide these attributes, they are less likely to make high-impact modifications compared to AI. This suggests that people are unable to recognize the aspects of the data that are critical to an inference algorithm. Taken together, our findings highlight the limitations of relying on human intuition to protect privacy in the age of AI, and emphasize the need for algorithmic support to protect private information from attribute inference.
Post craniotomy pain management in Copenhagen rat by intraperitoneal or oral dosage of Tramadol: a comparative evaluation
Authors: Samal Sasmita , Barik Debyashreeta , Jena Sarita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalvarial craniotomy in animal models involves pain and distress. Moderate to severe pain in laboratory animals requires adequate pain management strategies. According to previous studies, the options available for suitable analgesia for rat calvarial craniotomy are very few. For most analgesic treatments, injectable routes of administration are predominantly used. However, these routes require restraining the animals, which may cause unnecessary pain, distress and suffering. As a well-fare measure, we focused on pain management by oral administration of analgesia. In this particular study, which is a sub-study of a major experiment on bone regeneration with different polymeric scaffold materials, we have compared the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal (I/P) and oral administration of tramadol (10 mg/kg) over a period of 96 h post-surgery in rat craniotomy models. The focus of our study is to evaluate the potential pain reduction efficacy of orally administered Tramadol without any restraining involved. We have used various non-invasive methods to assess the pain-alleviating efficacy of tramadol administered through different methods. We found that the efficacy of oral administration of tramadol is comparable to I/P administration in alleviating pain. Additionally, oral administration through drinking water has the benefit of not putting the animal under unwanted restraining stress.
Applying feature selection and machine learning techniques to estimate the biomass higher heating value
Authors: Abdollahi Seyyed Amirreza , Ranjbar Seyyed Faramarz , Razeghi Jahromi Dorsa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe biomass higher heating value (HHV) is an important thermal property that determines the amount of recoverable energy from agriculture byproducts. Precise laboratory measurement or accurate prediction of the HHV is essential for designing biomass conversion equipment. The current study combines feature selection scenarios and machine learning tools to establish a general model for estimating biomass HHV. Multiple linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficients justified that volatile matter, nitrogen, and oxygen content of biomass samples have a slight effect on the HHV and it is better to ignore them during the HHV modeling. Then, the prediction performance of random forest, multilayer and cascade feedforward neural networks, group method of data handling, and least-squares support vector regressor are compared to determine the intelligent estimator with the highest accuracy toward biomass HHV prediction. The ranking test shows that the multilayer perceptron neural network better predicts the HHV of 532 biomass samples than the other intelligent models. This model presents the outstanding absolute average relative error of 2.75% and 3.12% and regression coefficients of 0.9500 and 0.9418 in the learning and testing stages. The model performance is also superior to a recurrent neural network which was recently developed in the literature using the same databank.
Women in Microsurgery Fellowships: Trends and Impact on Future Practice Patterns
Authors: Campbell Tessa J. , Greige Nicolas , Yan Yufan , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Ricci Joseph A. , Weichman Katie E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background While the number of female plastic surgeons has continued to increase over time, plastic surgery has historically been a male-dominated profession with only 15% of practicing plastic surgeons being female. Microsurgery, as a subspecialty, has been long perceived as an even more male-centric career path. The objective of this study was to determine the representation of females in the subspecialty field of microsurgery and the impact of microsurgical fellowship training.
Methods A review of all microsurgery fellowship programs participating in the microsurgery fellowship match from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Fellows were identified through fellowship Web site pages or direct contact with fellowship program coordinators and directors. The current type of practice and performance of microsurgery were also identified through a Web search and direct contact with fellowship program coordinators and directors.
Results A total of 21 programs and 317 fellows over a 10-year period were analyzed. Over this 10-year period, there was a total of 100 (31.5%) female microsurgery fellows and 217 (68.5%) male microsurgery fellows. There was a small, statistically insignificant increase in the yearly percentage of female microsurgery fellows over this 10-year period with an average yearly increase of 2.7% (p = 0.60; 95% confidence interval: –6.9 to 13.2%). There were significantly fewer females who continued to practice microsurgery compared to males (75 [75.0%] vs. 186 [85.7%], p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the current practice types (academic, private, and nonacademic hospital) between females and males (p = 0.29).
Conclusion Women are underrepresented in the field of microsurgery to a similar extent as they are underrepresented in overall plastic surgery. While there is a small insignificant increase in the number of female microsurgery fellows every year, a significantly smaller proportion of females continue to practice microsurgery compared to males.
Lymphedema Surgical Education and Faculty Demographics in United States Plastic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Finkelstein Emily R. , Clark Meaghan , Ha Michael , Singh Devinder , Xu Kyle Y. , Mella-Catinchi Juan , Rasko Yvonne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Recent advancements in supermicrosurgery and promising preliminary outcomes have led to a surge in physiologic lymphedema surgery. This study is the first to evaluate lymphedema surgical education among U.S. plastic surgery residency programs, along with the background and experience of plastic surgeons subspecializing in the field.
Methods Cross-sectional evaluation of 103 accredited U.S. plastic surgery residency programs was performed in January 2023. Web-based searches of program curricula, faculty profiles, and main institutional pages indicated whether a program provided nonclinical or clinical exposure to lymphedema surgery. Review of online faculty profiles, surname searches, Doximity, and Scopus determined the perceived demographics, academic productivity, and procedures performed by lymphedema surgeons.
Results Compared with the 11 programs that incorporated lymphedema surgery into their online curriculum, 67 programs had a rotation site with a surgeon performing lymphedema procedures. Of the 33 programs without evidence of clinical exposure, 76% (n = 25) did not provide or specify providing elective time. Faculty perceived to be female or a race underrepresented in plastic surgery had significantly more assistant professor titles (p < 0.0214) and significantly fewer years of experience (p < 0.0293) than their counterparts.
Conclusion Great variation in lymphedema surgical education exists among U.S. plastic surgery residency programs. While few programs incorporate lymphedema surgery into their advertised curriculum, programs without clinical exposure frequently did not provide elective time to obtain it. Faculty that were female or a race underrepresented in plastic surgery were most often early in their career, suggesting lymphedema surgeons may grow increasingly diverse in years to come.
Tuberculosis of Frontal Bone—A Rare Entity: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Nazneen Jeba , Patil Vasundhara , Agarwal Ujjwal , Karbhari Aashna , Bornak Gauri , Rai Pranjal , Mahajan Abhishek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTuberculosis of the frontal bone is a rare entity, most commonly occurring in childhood. In situations of painless scalp swelling coupled with or without a discharging sinus that has not responded to antibiotics, a strong index of suspicion must be raised. Generally, conventional radiography and computed tomography are used for establishing the diagnosis along with microbiological confirmation. We present an interesting case of a young boy who presented with a 2-month-old bone lesion in the frontal scalp, accompanied by mediastinal lymph node involvement. Histopathology revealed tuberculous origin and successful antitubercular therapy resulted in significant improvement within 3 months. The calvarial bones can rarely be affected by tuberculosis, which can present with swelling, sinus discharge, pain, or in rare cases as blindness. Prompt diagnosis of this disease is needed as it is potentially curable and has an excellent prognosis. The cornerstone of treatment is antitubercular therapy, while surgical intervention may sometimes be required. Our case highlights the importance of keeping tuberculosis as a differential at the back of the mind when dealing with scalp swellings, particularly in children.
3D-Printing Applications in Ostomy Device Creation and Complex Intestinal Fistula Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: Soh Chien Lin , Pandiaraja Madhumitha , Powar Michael P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background This scoping review aims to provide a summary of the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in colorectal surgery for the management of complex intestinal fistula and ostomy creation.
Methods A systematic database search was conducted of original articles that explored the use of 3D printing in colorectal surgery in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, from inception to March 2022. Original articles and case reports that discussed 3D printing in colorectal surgery relating to complex intestinal fistulae and ostomies were identified and analyzed.
Results There were 8 articles identified which discussed the use of 3D printing in colorectal surgery, of which 2 discussed ostomy creation, 4 discussed complex fistulae management, and 2 discussed patient models.
Conclusion 3D printing has a promising role in terms of management of these conditions and can improve outcomes in terms of recovery, fluid loss, and function with no increase in complications. The use of 3D printing is still in its early stages of development in colorectal surgery. Further research in the form of randomized control trials to improve methodological robustness will reveal its true potential.
Dietary leucine deficiency alters performance, body composition, intestine microbiota, and immune response of female Cobb broilers
Authors: Amirdahri Saeid , Janmohammadi Hossein , Taghizadeh Akbar , Olyayee Majid , Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad Babak , Seidavi Alireza , Vlčková Radoslava 
Published: September 2023

Context Leucine (Leu) is one of the branched-chain amino acids that is necessary for muscle protein synthesis. Basically, poultry feed ingredients contain abundant amounts of Leu. But little is known about dietary Leu deficiency in performance and health-attributing parameters of female broiler chickens, which may occur in crude protein-restricted diets. Aims This study evaluates the effect of Leu deficiency in diets on the growth performance, body composition, immunity, and caecum microbiota of female broilers. Methods Female broiler chicks (Cobb 500; 8 days old; n = 540) were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates (15 birds in each replicate) in a completely randomised design. The experimental diets included six concentrations of Leu (80%, 84%, 88%, 92%, 96%, and 100%) fed for 14 days. A basal Leu-deficient diet was formulated at the 80% recommended level, and the experimental diets were created by gradual replacing of crystalline L-glutamic acid with crystalline L-Leu. Average daily intake (ADI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain:feed), body composition, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) test to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and caecum microbiota were investigated. Key results The birds receiving the lowest Leu application level had the lowest ADI (P < 0.05) and a 20% higher fat content (P < 0.01) than did the birds fed 96% Leu. The population of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria count was increased (P < 0.001; by 36% and 10.3% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet respectively), and Lactobacillus (but not Enterococcus) count was decreased (P < 0.001; by 26.4% compared with the birds fed 100% Leu in the diet) with decreasing concentrations of dietary Leu. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass dry matter, protein and ash percentages, and immunity were not affected markedly by dietary treatments with different Leu concentrations. Conclusions The Leu deficiency influenced the broiler performance, body composition, and caecum microbiota, but not the immune response. Implications This study points to the importance of Leu supplementation in the diet of broilers to improve their growth performance, fat content, and intestine health.
Comment on ‘On the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk’
Authors: Martín-Luna P , Gimeno B , Esperante D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a recent paper (Bochko and Silagadze 2020 Eur. J. Phys.
41 045201), the authors carried out an analytical effort to arrive at an expression for the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk everywhere in space. They obtained that the radial electric field has a term proportional to the Dirac delta function. In this comment, it is demonstrated that this term is not correct.
Study on the magnetic levitation of a magnetic flea
Authors: Jiang Yuchen , Wang Jin , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigated the problem of ‘magnetic levitation’ originating from the

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International Young Physicists’ Tournament (IYPT). The problem was first investigated by a PRL paper (Baldwin et al.) in 2018, which states that the flea of a magnetic stirrer spinning fast enough in a liquid with a high viscosity coefficient can jump from the bottom and levitate stably. The magnetic force and gravity balance periodically. This phenomenon includes several concepts: magnetic dipoles, rigid-body rotation, fluid mechanics and magnetic levitation. They are more or less unfamiliar to undergraduate students. However, the movement of the flea could be described with a concise forced vibration equation, which is familiar in textbooks. The phenomenon could be divided into two stages: synchronous movement and levitation state. The transition is the jumping of the flea. We demonstrated this process and presented several equations to build this physical model. The progression of the phenomenon is due to the increase in the drive magnet angular velocity called the drive velocity. We verified our theory by simulation and experiments. Several parameters are experimentally verified to influence the phenomenon. We also discussed the origin of dynamic stabilization, which would be slightly complicated but worthy for students. In short, we introduce an interesting problem originating from the PRL paper that can be easily achieved under laboratory conditions. We extend some content in a pedagogical way that would be helpful for students to understand the related physical concepts, such as the influence of the viscosity coefficient of the liquid on the flea’s motion, which is not discussed in the PRL paper.
Uniqueness in determining rectangular grating profiles with a single incoming wave (part II): TM polarization case
Authors: Xiang Jianli , Hu Guanghui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper is concerned with an inverse transmission problem for recovering the shape of a penetrable rectangular grating sitting on a perfectly conducting plate. We consider a general transmission problem with the coefficient λ ≠ 1 which covers the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization case. It is proved that a rectangular grating profile can be uniquely determined by the near-field observation data incited by a single plane wave and measured on a line segment above the grating. In comparison with the transverse electric (TE) case (λ = 1), the wave field cannot lie in H
2 around each corner point, bringing essential difficulties in proving uniqueness with one plane wave. Our approach relies on singularity analysis for Helmholtz transmission problems in a right-corner domain and also provides an alternative idea for treating the TE transmission conditions which were considered in the authors’ previous work (Xiang and Hu 2023 Inverse Problems
39 055004).
Electric current distribution induced by applied magnetic field in a bent graphene nanoribbon cantilever
Authors: Maebuchi Kazunori , Inui Norio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Graphene exhibits diamagnetism, and its origin is the orbital electric currents induced on the surface by an applied magnetic field. The magnetic response of a graphene cantilever in the presence of a magnetic field is mainly determined by the diamagnetic electric current, and spin paramagnetism, which suppresses the diamagnetism. We elucidate the change in the electric current distribution caused by the large bending of the graphene cantilever using the tight-binding model. The electric current almost disappears when the position of the graphene cantilever transitions from perpendicular to parallel to the magnetic field and reverses when the graphene cantilever is folded in half. Furthermore, the temporal change in the magnetic energy of the vibrating graphene cantilever is calculated using the molecular dynamics simulation. The strong dependence of the magnetization of a graphene cantilever on its position relative to the magnetic field can be utilized for actuating and controlling the cantilever.
Anisotropy and isotope effect in superconducting solid hydrogen
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Chelikowsky James R , Cohen Marvin L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Elucidating the phase diagram of solid hydrogen is a key objective in condensed matter physics. Several decades ago, it was proposed that at low temperatures and high pressures, solid hydrogen would be a metal with a high superconducting transition temperature. This transition to a metallic state can happen through the closing of the energy gap in the molecular solid or through a transition to an atomic solid. Recent experiments have managed to reach pressures in the range of 400–500 GPa, providing valuable insights. There is strong evidence suggesting that metallization via either of these mechanisms occurs within this pressure range. Computational and experimental studies have identified multiple promising crystal phases, but the limited accuracy of calculations and the limited capabilities of experiments prevent us from determining unequivocally the observed phase or phases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the superconducting properties of all the candidate phases. Recently, we reported the superconducting properties of the C2/c-24, Cmca-12, Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases, including anharmonic effects. Here, we report the effects of anisotropy on superconducting properties using Eliashberg theory. Then, we investigate the superconducting properties of deuterium and estimate the size of the isotope effect for each phase. We find that the isotope effect on superconductivity is diminished by anharmonicity in the C2/c-24 and Cmca-12 phases and enlarged in the Cmca-4 and I41/amd-2 phases. Our anharmonic calculations of the C2/c-24 phase of deuterium agree closely with the most recent experiment by Loubeyre et al (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
29 035501), indicating that the C2/c-24 phase remains the leading candidate in this pressure range, and has a strong anharmonic character. These characteristics can serve to distinguish among crystal phases in experiment. Furthermore, expanding our understanding of superconductivity in pure hydrogen holds significance in the study of high-Tc
hydrides.