bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A war on prejudice: The role of media salience in reducing ethnic prejudice
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Thijs Jochem , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionEthnic prejudice poses a great challenge to the cohesion of current multicultural societies. Prior research has found that media portrayals of immigration‐related issues might skew individual attitudes and feelings toward ethnic minorities. While these studies have focused on negative representations of ethnic minorities, less is known about the effects of media reports of unfortunate events affecting the victims of war, as in the case of the Ukrainian group in the Russia–Ukraine war. Therefore, the current research aims to examine whether media salience of this situation might change adolescents' ethnic prejudice against the Ukrainian minority.MethodsA total of 1016 ethnic‐majority Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SDage = 1.17, 49.61% females) completed online questionnaires during school hours before (T1: January/February 2022) and after (T2: April/May 2022) the Russia–Ukraine war onset. Additionally, the media salience of the war was quantified separately for the national newspaper and Twitter.ResultsLevels of prejudice significantly decreased from T1 to T2 for multiple ethnic minority groups but especially so for the Ukrainian group. The results of bivariate Latent Change Score models highlighted that increased salience of the war in the national newspaper was significantly associated with decreased prejudice against Ukrainians, regardless of adolescents' levels of self‐reported newspaper consumption. Conversely, changes in the salience of the war on Twitter were not associated with changes in prejudice.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of media attention for the war's victims in skewing individuals' outgroup perceptions and feelings.
Cadmium as an ovarian toxicant: A review
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Bikal Prerna , Sachdeva Som Nath 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous heavy metal toxicant with no biological function in the human body. Considerably, because of its long biological half‐life and very low excretion rate, Cd is inclined to accumulate and cause deleterious effects on various body organs (e.g., liver, kidney, and ovary) in humans and animals. Ovaries are the most vulnerable targets of Cd toxicity. Cd has been shown to induce oxidative stress, follicular atresia, hormonal imbalance, and impairment of oocyte growth and development. Moreover, Cd toxicity has been associated with increasing incidences of menstrual disorders, pregnancy loss, preterm births, delayed puberty, and female infertility. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how Cd poisoning impacts specific ovarian processes for the development of preventive interventions to enhance female fertility. The current review attempts to collate the recent findings on Cd‐induced oxidative stress, follicular apoptosis, steroid synthesis inhibition, and teratogenic toxicity, along with their possible mechanisms in the ovarian tissue of different animal species. Additionally, the review also summarizes the studies related to the use of many antioxidants, medicinal herbs, and other compounds as remedial approaches for managing Cd‐induced ovarian toxicity.
How do people conceptualize self‐harm recovery and what helps in adolescence, young and middle adulthood? A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Lewin Caroline da Cunha , Leamy Mary , Palmer Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐harm can be understood as any behavior individuals use to harm themselves, irrespective of motive. Evidence has extensively examined the epidemiology and function of self‐harm to the individual, but less is known about the subjective processes underpinning recovery. Such insights could inform therapeutic interventions to better support individuals. The present aim was to synthesize qualitative themes from eligible literature to identify how adolescents, young adults, and those in middle adulthood conceptualize self‐harm recovery and the factors impacting this process.MethodsEleven studies were identified from a systematic search of five electronic research databases: PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, Global Health, and CINAHL. Studies were critically appraised using an adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool for qualitative research. A meta‐synthesis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes across the included studies.ResultsThemes depicted recovery as a multidimensional, nonlinear, and subjective process, characterized by a “push and pull” between states of (re‐)engagement and cessation/reduction. Transition between these states was influenced by intrapersonal and interpersonal factors which were embedded in a wider milieu of the meaning of self‐harm to the individual.ConclusionContemporary ideas of symptom eradication as the only marker of complete recovery may hinder individuals in the long‐term, presenting an obstacle both to quality of life and therapeutic progress. Movement away from self‐harm recovery as a uniform or singular phenomenon could enhance person‐centered care.
Application of PAT in pharmaceutical manufacturing: model‐based control of particle size distribution in anti‐solvent aided crystallization
Authors: Garg Manu , Rathore Anurag Singh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrystallization plays a key role in determining the physiochemical properties of an active pharmaceutical solid, which are crucial for drug product performance as well as processibility in downstream operations. Precise control of crystallization parameters is hence necessary to maintain drug efficacy and consistency during active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturing. In our earlier work on crystallization of dexlansoprazole API, an empirical model was established with reactor temperature and addition time of anti‐solvent identified as critical process parameters (CPPs) and particle size distribution (PSD) as critical quality attribute (CQA). In this study we demonstrate model‐based control of particle size when disruptive incidences occur under a process analytical technology framework.RESULTSExperiments highlighted the deviation in PSD (CQA) on performing a planned disruption event in the form of temporary shutting down the anti‐solvent feeding dosing pump. Once the deviation had occurred due to process disruption, the desired set‐point of particle size was achieved by making the desired changes estimated from model equations for individual CPPs. The change was signaled to the temperature control system or the dosing pump, which then set the revised process conditions in real time during crystallization.CONCLUSIONThe study utilizes an empirical model to achieve the desired particle size by making suitable real‐time changes in CPP in view of process disruption. The case study aligns with the paradigm of quality by design, which expects manufacturers to understand their processes and their products and have in‐built controls to ensure that the resulting product consistently meets the approved specifications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genomic characterization of the first mpox and varicella‐zoster co‐infection in Pakistan (2023) through next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Umair Massab , Jamal Zunera , Haider Syed A. , Hakim Rabia , Ammar Muhammad , Ali Qasim , Akhtar Nasim , Ikram Aamer , Salman Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe global mpox outbreak spanning 2022–2023 has affected numerous countries worldwide. In this study, we present the first report on the detection, whole‐genome sequence, and coinfection of the mpox virus and varicella zoster virus (VZV) from Pakistan. During April–May 2023, samples from 20 suspected cases of mpox were tested at the National Institutes of Health, Islamabad among which 4 tested positive. All four cases had a travel history of Saudi Arabia. All the suspected samples were processed by using a Zymo research kit for DNA extraction, followed by qRT‐PCR amplification by using a DaAn Gene detection kit for the mpox virus. Further, two of the positive samples with a low Ct value (<20) were subjected to whole‐genome sequencing using a metagenomic approach on the iSeq (Illumina) platform. The sequencing results revealed Clade IIb and genotype A.2.1 of MPXV, which clustered with viruses from Slovenia and the UK in July and June 2022, respectively. Our analysis identified two novel nonsynonymous substitutions in mpox virus, namely V98I in OPG046 and P600S in OPG109. Furthermore, we successfully retrieved the complete genome of VZV from the same sample, belonging to Clade 5. This study represents the first positive case of MPXV in Pakistan and the coinfection of mpox and VZV by using a metagenome approach providing insights into their complete genomes. Our results highlight the importance of surveillance at the point of entries, strengthening lab capacities including next‐generation sequencing, and using differential diagnosis for timely and accurate detection of mpox cases.
Climate model projections of aridity patterns in Türkiye: A comprehensive analysis using CMIP6 models and three aridity indices
Authors: Yavaşlı Doğukan Doğu , Erlat Ecmel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change can alter the spatial and temporal distribution of aridity around the world through a combination of factors such as reduced precipitation, rising temperatures and decreased evapotranspiration. Especially the Mediterranean region has been identified as vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change due to a significant reduction in precipitation compared to other land regions in all climate models operated under different scenarios. Despite numerous studies on aridity trends, few have focused specifically on Türkiye and considered a comprehensive range of aridity indices and scenarios. This study aims to fill this research gap by providing a more detailed understanding of future aridity trends in Türkiye under various climate change scenarios and using multiple aridity indices. A novelty of this study lies in the simultaneous examination of three aridity indices (PCI, EAI and UNEP AI) for Türkiye, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of future aridity trends. Furthermore, this study considers three future time periods (2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100) and three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) to evaluate the potential range of climate change impacts on aridity in Türkiye. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the changes in aridity conditions in Türkiye until the end of the 21st century. We used three aridity indices: the Pinna combinative index, the Erinç aridity index and the UNEP aridity index. These indices were calculated for the baseline period of 1981–2010 using gridded data (CHELSA) and for the periods of 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 using three climate models (GFDL‐ESM4, MRI‐ESM2‐0 and IPSL‐CM6A‐LR) and multi‐model means with three SSPs to represent different future scenarios. The results showed that all three indices indicate an increase in dry climate conditions in Türkiye after 2041, with particularly notable increases expected in Central Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and parts of the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as eastern parts of Eastern Anatolia and the inner Aegean region. Under the SSP3‐7.0 scenario, the expansion of semi‐arid and arid areas is predicted to cover more than 30% of the country by the end of the century (2071–2100). This increase in aridity could increase the region's vulnerability to climate change and the risk of desertification, which should be taken into consideration in national water management and planning.
Multi‐index characterization of compound dry hot events in India
Authors: Prabhakar Anagha , Mitra Subhasis , Varghese Femin C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompound dry hot events (CDHEs), where hot events and droughts coexist, have received a lot of attention lately due to their catastrophic effects on the economy, environment and human health. In this study, we use two CDHE indices, the Standardized Compound Event Indicator (SCEI) and the Standardized Dry and Hot Index (SDHI), to assess changes in CDHE characteristics (severity, frequency, spatial extent) over the historical past and future CMIP6 simulations across the Indian subcontinent. To understand the role of the drought index selected on CDHE characterization two drought indices namely the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are employed in the calculation of the CDHE indices. Further, the role of climatic oscillations such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Equatorial Indian Ocean Monsoon Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole in modulating CDHE characteristics have also been explored. Results show that SPI and SPEI based CDHE indices exhibit contrasting trends in northern India, while similar trends are observed in southern India in the historical past. Also, more frequent, extended, and severe CDHEs are reported by CDHE indices calculated using SPEI than by SPI. Temperature is found to be the dominant factor contributing to increases in CDHEs in the recent past and ENSO phases significantly modulate the severity and frequency of CDHE events in India. CMIP6 simulations generally report an increase in CDHE events for a 3°C global warming scenario. Overall, our findings show that the choice of the drought index has a greater impact on CDHE characterization than the choice of the CDHE index itself. Results from this study provide useful information towards understanding the risk of CDHEs in India under global warming and urge for the development and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures.
The influence of ENSO during spring over northwestern Mexico
Authors: Zermeño Díaz David Maximiliano , Mendoza Leticia Gómez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on better understanding how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the occurrence of particularly dry conditions (warm temperature and dry precipitation anomalies) in northwestern Mexico during boreal spring (March–May), a season that is characterized by the driest regional conditions, and by a high socioeconomic sensitivity to the interannual variations in them. For that, surface observations (CRU TS4.05 and ERSSTv5) and low‐tropospheric circulation reanalysis (ERA5) were analysed using linear regressions, contingency tables, and composites over two periods, 1901–2020 and 1959–2020. The results confirm that the positive phase of ENSO (El Niño) tends to reduce the probabilities of a drier than normal spring and that its negative phase (La Niña) increases them, but suggest that such signal is relatively weak. In particular, the drying effects associated to La Niña are generally small, as they explain less than 10% of the interannual variability in precipitation, and most of the driest springs occurred during neutral years. The results also shed light into the causes of the driest springs: internal atmospheric variability. On average, during the driest springs, sea surface temperature anomalies are statistically non existent over the eastern Pacific, but these events are characterized by an expansion of the southeastern (SE) side of North Pacific Subtropical High (NPSH). It is found that during spring, a strengthened SE side of the NPSH weakens the moisture flux from the Pacific Ocean into northwestern Mexico. These results suggest that the seasonal predictability of spring for northwestern Mexico might not only depend on the strength and phase of ENSO but also on the processes controlling the variability of ridges over the extratropical eastern Pacific.
Contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to historical changes in vegetation cover and its future projections in the Yellow River basin, China
Authors: Yang Jintao , Yang Kai , Zhang Feiming , Wang Chenghai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fragile ecology of the Yellow River basin (YRB) is vulnerable to global warming and human activities. As the second largest river in China, the YRB covers the subhumid, semi‐arid, arid and alpine climate zones, with considerably spatial differences in vegetation cover (VC), thus demonstrating substantial variations in response to climate change. In this study, characteristics of VC variations in different climate zones of the YRB during 1982–2019 were analysed, impacts of climate change and human activities on VC variations were identified, and possible VC variations in the future were projected under different climate scenarios. Results show that NDVI in the YRB significantly increased at a rate of 2.3 × 10−3 year−1 from 1982 to 2019, especially in the middle reaches of the YRB. Temperature is the main driver of VC variations in the source region of the YRB (alpine zone), wherein the warming trend contributes to the greening. The internal variability of VC is also influenced by temperature, with a marginal effect of precipitation minus evaporation (P − E). In the middle and lower reaches of the YRB consisting of arid, semi‐arid, and subhumid zones, VC benefited only from the warming trend and had a less relationship with the internal variability of temperature, whereas the internal variability of VC was influenced by P − E and had a weaker relationship with the P − E trend. Contributions of climate change to VC variations in the source region and middle and lower reaches of the YRB are approximately 62%, 42%, and 27%, respectively. Human activities considerably impact the ecological environment but mostly play a positive role. In the future, VC will increase in the YRB, especially under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, and VC reveals the most prominent changes in the lower reaches. This study suggests that climate change might be favourable to VC in YRB, and emphasizes that human activities should adapt to climate change in an orderly manner.
A digital business transformation maturity model for micro enterprises in developing countries
Authors: Sukrat Supattana , Leeraphong Atchara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo survive and thrive in highly competitive environments, micro‐enterprises, like all businesses, need to adapt to changing market conditions. In today's digital age, digital transformation can help micro‐enterprises improve their efficiency, customer experience, and decision‐making to remain competitive and meet consumer demands. Therefore, this study seeks to establish a micro enterprise‐specific digital transformation maturity model based on prior literature and interviews with 12 micro enterprise business owners. The resulting model has four dimensions: strategy, process, technology, and people. Each dimension consists of four maturity levels comprised of significant, specific characteristics. Five specialists from diverse fields reviewed and modified the proposed model. For model evaluation, we performed data analytics using the K‐means clustering algorithm on online questionnaire data. The final maturity model fits well with the needs of the micro‐enterprises under investigation and can be used as a guide by other micro and small businesses in developing countries.
Disentangling the relationships between talent management, organizational commitment and turnover intention: Evidence from higher educational institutions in India
Authors: Antony Dayana Amala Jothi , Arulandu Savarimuthu , Parayitam Satyanarayana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile a substantial body of research demonstrated that talent management practices and organizational commitment are linked to turnover decisions, little is known about the mechanism unfolding this process. This research aims to unravel the relationship between various dimensions of talent management and organizational commitment and turnover intention. First, a moderated moderated‐mediation is conceptualized, and relationships are studied by collecting data from 435 faculty members from higher educational institutions (HEIs) in southern India. Then, after checking the psychometric properties of the survey instrument by structural equation modeling (SEM), the data were analyzed using Hayes's PROCESS macros. The findings indicate that (i) talent recruitment strategies positively predict organizational commitment and talent engagement, (ii) talent engagement is positively related to organizational commitment, and (iii) talent engagement mediates the relationship between talent recruitment strategies and organizational commitment. Further, the results documented that talent acquisition (first moderator) and talent development (second moderator) influence the relationship between talent recruitment strategies and talent engagement. Additionally, the results support talent retention in strengthening the relationship between talent engagement and organizational commitment. The previously established negative relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention has been fortified in this study. To the best of our knowledge, the three‐way interaction between talent recruitment strategies, talent acquisition, and talent development is investigated for the first time, representing a pivotal contribution to the bourgeoning literature on talent management. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy investigation of PO43− to Ag/Al2O3 nanopatterned substrates binding and its dynamics for sensitive detection of phosphate in water
Authors: Hemzal Dusan , Prášek Jan , Hrdý Radim , Drbohlavová Jana , Kopp Radovan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe provide fast and sensitive detection of phosphate dissolved in water using Raman spectroscopy. To this end, phosphate‐scavenging planar core/shell surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes consisting of Al2O3‐capped Ag nanopatterned sapphire substrate were prepared and optimized. Thanks to scavenging, the probes provide enhancement sufficient to readily detect phosphate at levels occurring in water sources. In particular, the SERS probes were successfully tested for selective detection of all phosphate ions and down to 1
M phosphate concentration (30
g/L of phosphorus in the solution). The novelty of our contribution lies in real‐time SERS monitoring of the phosphate Raman markers, which allowed to study the dynamics of phosphate interaction with the nano‐structured surface of the probes. Under natural conditions (neutral to basic environment), the phosphates adsorb on the probes in form of PO
in two steps.