bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of long‐read nanopore sequencing in a preimplantation genetic testing pre‐clinical workup to identify the junction for complex Xq chromosome rearrangement‐related disease
Authors: Mariya Tasuku , Shichiri Yui , Sugimoto Takeshi , Kawamura Rie , Miyai Syunsuke , Inagaki Hidehito , Sugihara Eiji , Ikeda Keiko , Baba Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Aki , Ammae Michiko , Nakaoka Yoshiharu , Saito Tsuyoshi , Sakurai Akihiro , Kurahashi Hiroki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveXq chromosome duplication with complex rearrangements is generally acknowledged to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD) and MECP2 duplication syndrome. For couples who required a PGT‐M (pre‐implantation genetic testing for monogenic disease) for these disorders, junction‐specific PCR is useful to directly detect pathogenic variants. Therefore, pre‐clinical workup for PGT‐M requires the identification of the junction of duplicated segments in PMD and MECP2 duplication syndrome, which is generally difficult.MethodsIn this report, we used nanopore long‐read sequencing targeting the X chromosome using an adaptive sampling method to identify breakpoint junctions in disease‐causing triplications.ResultsBy long‐read sequencing, we successfully identified breakpoint junctions in one PMD case with PLP1 triplication and in another MECP2 triplication case in a single sequencing run. Surprisingly, the duplicated region involving MECP2 was inserted 45 Mb proximal to the original position. This inserted region was confirmed by FISH analysis. With the help of precise mapping of the pathogenic variant, we successfully re‐established STR haplotyping for PGT‐M and avoided any potential misinterpretation of the pathogenic allele due to recombination.ConclusionLong‐read sequencing with adaptive sampling in a PGT‐M pre‐clinical workup is a beneficial method for identifying junctions of chromosomal complex structural rearrangements.
Organic nitrogen improves the water use of tropical tree seedlings cultivated for restoration plantings
Authors: Krishnan Vithya , Robinson Nicole , Firn Jennifer , Herbohn John , Schmidt Susanne 
Published: February 2023

Societal Impact StatementRestoring degraded tropical lands is important for biodiversity protection and human livelihoods. Newly planted tree seedlings are often challenged by drought brought about by climate change. Here, we explored how nitrogen sources used for plant growth affected the water use of tropical tree seedlings under water limitation. We found that the application of the amino acid arginine reduced water use in the studied seedlings under water limitation, compared with the conventional ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Alternative sources of nitrogen should be considered for tree seedling production in nurseries as this could enhance drought resilience traits and improve the survival of seedlings in restoration plantings.Summary

Restoration via tree planting is impacted by climate change‐induced water scarcity. Nitrogen (N) supply modulates the morphology and physiology of plants and impacts water use. We compared the responses of rainforest tree seedlings Acacia mangium and Alphitonia petriei grown with inorganic N (Osmocote™, ammonium nitrate) or organic N (Argrow™, liquid arginine), hypothesising that organic N confers drought resilience by increasing water use efficiency (WUE).
Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse for 12 weeks with organic or inorganic N in well‐watered conditions, and then half the seedlings were subjected to water limitation for a further 4 weeks.
A. mangium grew equally well on all N sources, but water limitation reduced biomass production. In contrast, N sources but not water regimes influenced biomass production in A. petriei. Under water limitation, arginine‐supplied A. petriei had higher WUE and more depleted leaf δ13C than inorganic N‐supplied plants.
Our results suggest that organic N in the form of arginine can regulate stomatal conductance in A. petriei to convey drought resilience in seedlings. The generality of these findings should be explored to evaluate if organic N is a feasible source for generating drought‐resilient seedlings for restoration plantings.
The effectiveness of nano‐curcumin on patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Shojaei Mehrnaz , Foshati Sahar , Abdi Mohaddese , Askari Gholamreza , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main aim of the current study was to summarize the findings of available clinical studies to assess nano‐curcumin's influence on COVID patients. A comprehensive online search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar until March 2022 to identify trials that investigated the effects of nano‐curcumin in patients with COVID‐19. Eight studies comprising 569 patients were included in this review. Compared with placebo, nano‐curcumin had no significant effect on C‐reactive protein (CRP) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). However, gene expression of IL‐6 and gene expression as well as secretion of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) significantly decreased following nano‐curcumin intervention. Nano‐curcumin had beneficial effects on fever, cough, chills, myalgia, and olfactory and taste disturbances. The duration of hospitalization and mortality rate were significantly lower in the nano‐curcumin group compared with the control group. Lymphocyte count was significantly increased after curcumin supplementation. Nano‐curcumin also had favorable effects on O2 saturation, sputum, chest pain, wheeze, and dyspnea in patients with COVID‐19. No major adverse effects were reported in response to nano‐curcumin supplementation. In summary, the results of this systematic review of clinical trials suggested that nano‐curcumin supplementation has beneficial effects on inflammation, respiratory function, disease manifestations, and complications in patients with COVID‐19 viral infection.
Improved ventilatory response during exercise over time after concussion: A case report
Authors: Welch Ryan , Kelly Brooke , Whyte Ken , Ellyett Kevin , King Clair 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis case study reports the exercise ventilatory responses of a 17‐year‐old female who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) which resulted in loss of consciousness. Subsequently, she suffered from post‐concussion syndrome accompanied by orthostatic and exercise intolerance. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed 2 years post‐TBI. The results demonstrated significant hypoventilation with elevated PetCO2 and ventilatory equivalents, progressive desaturation, and pre‐syncope symptoms limiting exercise capacity. A repeat CPET 4 years post‐TBI demonstrated a similar exercise capacity limited by pre‐syncope symptoms. However, there was a marked improvement in the ventilatory response, with appropriate ventilation, PetCO2, and ventilatory equivalents, and only minor desaturation near peak exercise. Hypoventilation during exercise has been reported in subjects with post‐concussion syndrome; however, with time the exercise ventilatory response can potentially normalize as observed in this subject.
Novel binder material in geopolymer mortar production: Obsidian stone powder
Authors: Kurt Zafer , Ustabaş İlker , Cakmak Talip 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of mechanical and micro‐structural properties of geopolymer mortars with obsidian, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and metakaolin. In this study, 13 different combinations were created using 25% by weight of obsidian, blast furnace slag, and metakaolin. Geopolymer mortars were poured at 0.45 water/binder ratio, 12M NaOH concentration, and exposed to thermal cure at 75°C, 90°C, 105°C, and 120°C for 72 h. The flexural and compressive strengths of the mortars were measured and their microstructural properties were analyzed. As a result of the study, the maximum compressive strength was obtained as 93.7 MPa, and the maximum flexural strength was 21.4 MPa. From the results obtained when different combinations are used, it has been observed that the materials work in harmony with each other and the optimum curing temperature is 90°C. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS analyses indicated that the compact structure of the geopolymer matrix and the Ca/Si ratio are directly proportional to the mechanical strength of the sample. The high wavelength value formed in the main band as a result of Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows that the mortars have high mechanical properties.
Job‐embedded professional learning: Facilitating faculty implementation of UDL
Authors: LeGary Robert A. , LaRocco Diana J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes a locally developed model for professional learning, whose purpose is to facilitate faculty participants’ implementation of UDL. The model is grounded in attributes of long‐term, job‐embedded professional learning and principles of adult learning theory. Recommendations for scaling‐up faculty professional learning programs focused on the implementation of UDL are provided.
Depopulating poultry and pig farms: can it be done humanely?
Authors: Loeb Josh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent months campaigners in the USA have expressed outrage at heatstroke‐based methods being used to depopulate some American poultry and pig farms. Might this outcry lead to more welfare‐friendly depopulation methods being developed? How does depopulation take place in the UK, and is there scope for welfare improvements? Josh Loeb investigates.
LGBTQ+ Youth Euphorias! Stop-Start Shifts in LGBTQ+ Youth Happiness & Comfort
Authors: Jones Tiffany 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) students were a point of policy contention in recent elections and often portrayed as victims. This chapter investigates 1968 LGBTQ+ students experiences of euphoria. Of over a third who had euphoric experiences, most students experienced euphorias sometimes or often. Young, out, and non-binary youth especially experienced euphorias. Community Connection, Acceptance, Category Validation, and Institutional Inclusion euphorias dominated. Change-trends included: (1) increase and intensification of Acceptance euphorias with support; (2) shifts in Category Validation euphorias dependent on identity fit, exposure and bias; (3) more Acceptance euphorias upon dissipation of internalised biases, and (4) heightening and deadening of Acceptance euphoria around specific teachers. Changes to youth euphorias thus had a monumentality; Acceptance and Category validation euphorias were especially reactive.
Setting Euphoria Agendas? What We Know and Need to Know
Authors: Jones Tiffany 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis final chapter uses the ecological model of psycho-social development introduced in Chap. 2 to frame what was learned about euphorias for different groups and contexts, and different age-stages and time periods, across the data presented from several different studies in the book. It considers and discusses these findings in relation to existing literature on euphoria, emotion, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ+) people. It clarifies the new information presented across the studies and its value in terms of various disciplines of knowledge. The chapter finally concludes by offering possible applications of this new knowledge in practice for stakeholders. It then also discusses what is not yet known about euphoria and sets new agendas for the uses and study of euphorias.
Measuring the Adoption of TLS Encrypted Client Hello Extension and Its Forebear in the Wild
Authors: Tsiatsikas Zisis , Karopoulos Georgios , Kambourakis Georgios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol was introduced to solve the lack of security and privacy in the early versions of the world wide web. However, even though it has substantially evolved over the years, certain features still present privacy issues. One such feature is the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension, which allows multiple web servers to reside behind a provider hosting multiple domains with the same IP address; at the same time it allows third parties to discover the domains that end users visit. In the last few years, the Encrypted Server Name Indication (ESNI) Internet draft is being developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF); this encrypted variant of the extension was renamed to Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) in latest versions. In this paper, we measure the adoption of both these versions, given that they have substantial differences. By analyzing the top 1M domains in terms of popularity, we identify that only a small portion, less than 19%, supports the privacy-preserving ESNI extension and practically no domain supports ECH. Overall, these results demonstrate that there is still a long way to go to ensure the privacy of end users visiting TLS-protected domains which are co-located behind a common Internet-facing server.
The supercooling window at weak and strong coupling
Authors: Levi Noam , Opferkuch Toby , Redigolo Diego 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Supercooled first order phase transitions are typical of theories where conformal symmetry is predominantly spontaneously broken. In these theories the fate of the flat scalar direction is highly sensitive to the size and the scaling dimension of the explicit breaking deformations. For a given deformation, the coupling must lie in a particular region to realize a supercooled first order phase transition. We identify the supercooling window in weakly coupled theories and derive a fully analytical understanding of its boundaries. Mapping these boundaries allows us to identify the deformations enlarging the supercooling window and to characterize their dynamics analytically. For completeness we also discuss strongly coupled conformal field theories with an holographic dual, where the complete characterization of the supercooling window is challenged by calculability issues.
An examination of behavioural and emotional problems in children exposed prenatally to the 27F Chilean earthquake: findings from the ELPI cohort
Authors: Morales María Francisca , Girard Lisa-Christine , Sawrikar Vilas , MacBeth Angus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Associations between prenatal earthquake exposure and children’s mental health remain unclear. Moreover, there is a paucity of research using quasi-experimental statistical techniques to diminish potential selection bias. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of prenatal exposure to the Chilean earthquake of 2010 on children’s behavioural and emotional problems between 1½ and 3 years old using propensity score matching.

Methods
Participants included 1549 families from the Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia cohort in Chile. Maternal reports using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were used to assess behavioural and emotional problems between 1½ and 3 years old. Information on prenatal earthquake exposure was collected via maternal report. The Kernel matching estimator was used to compare the average treatment effects of children who were exposed to the earthquake compared to those who were not.

Results
Five of the seven CBCL outcomes were statistically significant after matching and adjustment for multiple testing, suggesting greater difficulties for exposed children which included emotional reactivity, anxious/depressed, sleep problems, attention problems, and aggression (mean difference of 0.69, 0.87, 0.73, 0.85, 3.51, respectively). The magnitude of the effect was small to medium.

Conclusion
Findings contribute to the potential causal inferences between prenatal earthquake exposure and increased behavioural and emotional problems in early childhood. Results suggest that in utero experiences may have long-term consequences for infants’ well-being, supporting the need for specific interventions in pregnancy after natural disasters.
Ideals with Smital properties
Authors: Michalski Marcin , Rałowski Robert , Żeberski Szymon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA $$\sigma $$
σ
-ideal $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
on a Polish group $$(X,+)$$

(
X
,
+
)

has the Smital Property if for every dense set D and a Borel $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-positive set B the algebraic sum $$D+B$$

D
+
B

is a complement of a set from $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
. We consider several variants of this property and study their connections with the countable chain condition, maximality and how well they are preserved via Fubini products. In particular we show that there are $$\mathfrak {c}$$
c
many maximal invariant $$\sigma $$
σ
-ideals with Borel bases on the Cantor space $$2^\omega $$

2
ω

.
Species differences and human relevance of the toxicity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors and a new approach method in vitro for investigation
Authors: Botham Jane , Lewis Richard W. , Travis Kim Z. , Baze Audrey , Richert Lysiane , Codrea Elizabeth , Semino Beninel Giovanna , Garcin Jean-Christophe , Strupp Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mode of action (MoA) of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides in mammals is well described and is generally accepted to be due to a build-up of excess systemic tyrosine which is associated with the range of adverse effects reported in laboratory animals. What is less well accepted is the basis for the marked difference in the effects of HPPD inhibitors that has been observed across experimental species and humans, where some species show significant toxicities whereas in other species exposure causes few effects. The activity of the catabolic enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) varies across species including humans and it is hypothesized that this primarily accounts for the different levels of tyrosinemia observed between species and leads to the subsequent differences in toxicity. The previously reported activities of TAT in different species showed large variation, were inconsistent, have methodological uncertainties and could lead to a reasonable challenge to the scientific basis for the species difference in response. To provide clarity, a new method was developed for the simultaneous and systematic measurement of TAT in vitro using robust methodologies in a range of mammalian species including human. The results obtained showed general correlation between high TAT activity and low in vivo toxicity when using a model based on hepatic cytosol and a very convincing correlation when using a primary hepatocyte model. These data fully support the role of TAT in explaining the species differences in toxicity. Moreover, this information should give greater confidence in selecting the most appropriate animal model (the mouse) for human health risk assessment and for key classification and labeling decision-making.
On the Grad–Rubin boundary value problem for the two-dimensional magneto-hydrostatic equations
Authors: Alonso-Orán Diego , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, we study the solvability of a boundary value problem for the magneto-hydrostatic equations originally proposed by Grad and Rubin (Proceedings of the 2nd UN conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy. IAEA, Geneva, 1958). The proof relies on a fixed point argument which combines the so-called current transport method together with Hölder estimates for a class of non-convolution singular integral operators. The same method allows to solve an analogous boundary value problem for the steady incompressible Euler equations.
Visceral adipose tissue secretome from early and late-stage oesophageal cancer patients differentially affects effector and regulatory T cells
Authors: Davern Maria , Bracken-Clarke Dara , Donlon Noel E. , Sheppard Andrew D. , Connell Fiona O’ , Heeran Aisling B. , Majcher Klaudia , Conroy Melissa J. , Mylod Eimear , Butler Christine , Donohoe Claire , Donnell Dearbhaile O’ , Lowery Maeve , Bhardwaj Anshul , Ravi Narayanasamy , Melo Ashanty A. , Sullivan Jacintha O’ , Reynolds John V. , Lysaght Joanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimVisceral obesity is a key risk factor in the development of oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (OGJ), predominantly via generation of systemic low grade inflammation. Obesity-induced inflammation promotes resistance to current standards of care, enhancing tumour cell growth and survival. This study investigates the effect of the visceral adipose tissue secretome from OGJ patients with early versus advanced tumours on T-cell immunity and the role of immune checkpoint blockade in enhancing anti-tumour immunity.Methods and resultsVisceral adipose conditioned media (ACM) from both early and late-stage OGJ patients significantly altered T cell activation status, upregulating co-stimulatory marker CD27 on T cells. ACM from both early and late-stage OGJ patients significantly altered immune checkpoint expression profiles downregulating immune checkpoints (ICs) on the surface of dual Th1/17-like and Th17-like cells and upregulating ICs on the surface of Th1-like cells and Treg cells. ACM derived from early-stage OGJ patients but not late-stage OGJ patients increased IFN-γ production by T cells. The addition of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) did not increase IFN-γ production by T cells in the presence of late-stage ACM, collectively highlighting the dichotomous immunostimulatory effect of early-stage ACM and immune-inhibitory effect of late-stage ACM. Interestingly, ACM from early-stage OGJ patients was more pro-inflammatory than ACM from late-stage patients, reflected by decreased levels of IL-17A/F, TNF-α, IL-1RA and IL-5.ConclusionThe ACM-induced upregulation of ICs on T cells highlights a therapeutic vulnerability that could be exploited by ICBs to harness anti-cancer immunity and improve clinical outcomes for OGJ patients.Graphical AbstractSchematic workflow – (A) visceral adipose tissue was taken from OAC patients at time of surgery and cultured for 72 h in media. (B) The harvested ACM was co-cultured with healthy donor PBMCs that were concurrently activated with anti-CD3/28 for 48 h and T cell immunophenotyping was carried out by flow cytometry. Key findings – (A) Early and late stage ACM enhanced a Th1-like phenotype and upregulated CTLA-4 on Th1-like cells. A Th17-like phenotype was also enhanced in addition with a Treg-like phenotype. CTLA-4 and PD-L1 were upregulated on the surface of Treg-like cells. (B) ICB-attenuated IL-17 production by T cells. However, ACM attenuated ICB-mediated reduction in IL-10 production by T cells. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory factors were found in early stage ACM compared with late stage ACM.