bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBLRR genes in Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) and their expression in response to Magnaporthe grisea infection
Authors: Balamurugan Alexander , Mallikarjuna Mallana Gowdra , Bansal Shilpi , Nayaka S. Chandra , Rajashekara Hosahatti , Chellapilla Tara Satyavathi , Prakash Ganesan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBLRR) genes significantly regulate defences against various phytopathogens. The genome-wide identification and analysis of NBLRR genes have been performed in several species. However, the evolution, structure, expression of NBLRRs and functional response to Magnaporthe grisea are not known in Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.).
Results
The genome-wide scanning of the Finger millet genome resulted in 116 NBLRR genes named EcNBLRRsaccording to their chromosomal positions in ascending order. The phylogenetic analysis revealed divergence of NBLRRs as per the speciation of target species. The whole-genome duplications shaped the expansion of the NBLRR family in the finger millet genome, and purifying selection (Ka/Ks<1) shaped expansions of EcNBLRR paralog and ortholog pairs. The maximum orthology and syntenic association of NBLRRs was observed between Finger millet and Brachypodium distachyon over Finger millet and Arabidopsis thaliana. The promoter sequence analysis showed various stress- and phytohormone-responsive cis-acting elements besides growth and development, indicating their role in disease defence and regulatory mechanisms. The functional analysis of 22 EcNBLRRsin the genotypes showing contrasting responses to Magnaporthe grisea infection revealed the role of target EcNBLRRs in finger millet- Magnaporthe grisea interactions at early (EcNBLRR83; EcNBLRR55; EcNBLRR30 and EcNBLRR32) and late (EcNBLRR76; EcNBLRR45; EcNBLRR26; EcNBLRR23 and EcNBLRR21) stage of infections.
Conclusion
The identification and functional analysis of EcNBLRRs showed the role of EcNBLRR genes in assigning blast resistance in finger millet. These results pave the foundation for in-depth and targeted functional analysis of EcNBLRRs through genome editing and transgenic approaches.
Composition of Encephalic Arteries and Origin of the Basilar Artery Are Different Between Vertebrates
Authors: Salaud Céline , Moreau Victor , Decante Cyrille , Ploteau Stéphane , Hamel Antoine , Guintard Claude , Betti Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Intracranial arterial vascular anatomy is well known in humans, but it is lacking for most mammalian and non-mammalian model species, especially concerning the origin of the basilar artery (BA). We have studied the encephalic arteries in three different species of birds and eight different species of mammals using formalin-fixed brains injected with arterial red latex. Our results and literature analysis indicate that, for all vertebrates, the internal carotid artery (ICA) supplies the brain and divides into two branches: a cranial branch and a caudal branch. The difference between vertebrates lies in the caudal branch of the ICA. For non-mammalian vertebrates, the caudal branch is the origin of the BA, and the vertebral artery (VA) is not involved in brain supply. For mammals, the VA supplies encephalic arteries, but in two different ways. In fact, there are two types of encephalic artery organization. In the first type of organization, mostly found in ungulates, the carotid rete mirabile supplies the encephalic arteries, the caudal branch is the origin of the BA, and the VA is indirectly involved in carotid rete mirabile blood supply. We believe that the carotid rete mirabile may be the result of occipitocervical biomechanics and climatic adaptations. The second type of encephalic artery organization for mammals is the same as in humans. The caudal branch of the ICA serves as the posterior communicating artery, and the BA originates from both VAs.
New Materials in The Conservation of Mural Paintings to Obtain High Durability, Tomb of Keamun TT 93, Luxor, Egypt
Authors: Orabi Ezz A. , Sallam Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research to study the treatment of mural painting at the tomb of Kenamun TT93 back to 18th Dynasty back to New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BC.), in the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile. In this study the surface of deteriorated mural paintings were investigated using PLM (BMM), TEM investigation, XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX. To our knowledge, it is the first report on the mixture of the ethyl silicate and the Egg shell Nanoparticles application of mixture for the treatment of deteriorated mural painting surfaces in Tomb of Kenamun TT93.The samples were collected from Fragment of wall painting, painted with depiction of two women, Tomb of Keamun (TT93). The results of obtained show that the structures fragment of wall painting consist of three layers from the top to bottom: yellow pigment, fine plaster, coarse plaster which contains composed of quartz, clay minerals, iron oxides, and organic fibers. The selection of these samples was due to historical importance, which is directly related to ancient Egyptian heritage.
Spatiotemporal change characteristics of NDVI and response to climate factors in the Jixi Wetland, Eastern China
Authors: Xiang Zining , Liu Yuyu , Fu Yongfei , Gao Yixiong , Liu Luxia , Wang Fuqiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Exploring the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation in the confluent area of water systems in western Jinan and its response mechanism to climatic factors is of great significance for the scientific evaluation of the benefits of the water system connectivity project and eco-environmental protection and can provide a reference for ecotourism development in the Jixi wetland park. Based on the Landsat series of images and meteorological data, this study used ENVI to interpret the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the confluent area from 2010 to 2021 and the spatiotemporal change characteristics and trends of NDVI were quantitatively analysed. The response of the growing-season NDVI (GSN) to climate factors and its time-lag effect were explored. The results showed that the overall change in the interannual NDVI in the confluent area from 2010 to 2021 was stable. The GSN in the confluent area was significantly positively correlated with precipitation, average temperature, and relative humidity in 37.64%, 25.52%, and 20.87% of the area respectively, and significantly negatively correlated with sunshine hours in 15.32% of the area. There was a time-lag effect on the response of the GSN to climate factors; the response to precipitation and sunshine hours lagged by one month, and the response to average temperature and relative humidity was longer.
Efficacy of Computer Animation Instructional Packages on Learning Science Content by Children with Autism in Nigeria
Authors: Asogwa Uche Donatus , Ofoegbu Theresa , Odunukwe Charity Ngozi , Nkanu Celestine Unoh , Imoke John Eteng , Ekpoto David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of computer animation instructional packages (CAIPs) on learning science contents by children with autism. The study was conducted within an inclusive school setting with eight children of autism spectrum disorders using a Pretest Posttest research design. The eight students were purposively grouped into experimental and control group based on their achievements. The students on 1st- 4thposition were put into the control group while those on 5th– 8thposition served as experimental group. At the end of the intervention, the students in the treatment group showed higher level of acquisition of science terms than students in the control group. The findings also revealed that male students in the intervention group performed higher than their female counterparts. These results portray CAIPs as competent and viable tool for learning science contents for nursery and primary school children with autism.
A noise audit of human-labeled benchmarks for machine commonsense reasoning
Authors: Kejriwal Mayank , Santos Henrique , Shen Ke , Mulvehill Alice , McGuinness Deborah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the advent of large language models, evaluating and benchmarking these systems on important AI problems has taken on newfound importance. Such benchmarking typically involves comparing the predictions of a system against human labels (or a single 'ground-truth'). However, much recent work in psychology has suggested that most tasks involving significant human judgment can have non-trivial degrees of noise. In his book, Kahneman suggests that noise may be a much more significant component of inaccuracy compared to bias, which has been studied more extensively in the AI community. This article proposes a detailed noise audit of human-labeled benchmarks in machine commonsense reasoning, an important current area of AI research. We conduct noise audits under two important experimental conditions: one in a smaller-scale but higher-quality labeling setting, and another in a larger-scale, more realistic online crowdsourced setting. Using Kahneman's framework of noise, our results consistently show non-trivial amounts of level (2.42 to 6.46 percent), pattern (22.22 to 23.40 percent) and system noise (22.32 to 24.23 percent) even in the higher-quality setting, with comparable results in the crowdsourced setting. We find that noise can significantly influence the performance estimates that we obtain of commonsense reasoning systems, even if the 'system' is a human; in some cases, by almost 10 percent. Labeling noise also affects performance estimates of systems like ChatGPT by more than 4 percent. Our results suggest that the default practice in the AI community of assuming and using a 'single' ground-truth, even on problems requiring seemingly straightforward human judgment, may warrant empirical and methodological re-visiting.
Composition Method Forsemi-linear Parabolic Systems
Authors: Bondarenko Viktor , Markevych Ihor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An iteration method for constructing a solution to the Cauchy problem for parabolic systems with non-linear potential (reaction-diffusion) is proposed and justified. The method is based on the Trotter formula generalized to the case of a nonlinear perturbation of an elliptic operator. The essence of the generalization is composition of a semigroup with an elliptic generator and a phase flow generated by an ordinary differential equation. Estimates of the rate of convergence of iterations, which are established in the proof of this formula, are confirmed with a computational experiment performed for the Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov-Fisher equation. The obtained results suggest the feasibility of an unconventional approach to modeling dynamical systems with distributed parameters.
Is Articaine Associated with Higher Neurosensory Disturbance than Lidocaine in the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block?
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Mazidi Amir , Azadi Ali , Sharifzadeh Hadi , Khanzadeh Hooman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Neurosensory disturbance (NSD) may occur following the inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs).The study aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the prevalence of NSD) between patients who received lidocaine 2% and those who received articaine 4% during IANBs.
Materials and Methods
This is a double-blind, randomized clinical trial study. Patients who underwent the third molar extraction randomly were divided into two groups. In group 1, subjects IANB was performed using articaine 4%, and in group 2, lidocaine 2%.The occurrence of NSD was documented. Patients were visited within 48 hours and one week after the tooth removal. The type of anesthetic drug (articaine 4% versus Lidocaine 2%) is the study’s predictive factor.
Results
Two thousand four hundred subjects were studied in two groups (1200 subjects in each group). The mean age was 28.40 ± 6.76 years (minimum 18 and maximum 44 years). In group 1 (Lidocaine), five subjects (0.4%) had NSD after injection, and seven subjects in group 2 ( articaiene) (0.6%). Data analysis did not demonstrate any significant difference in the prevalence of NSD between the two groups. (p = 0.77)
Conclusion
Concerning the study's results, the prevalence of NSD is not higher in articaine than lidocaine in IANBs
Endothelial Phenotypic Transition Contributes to Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Repair
Authors: Sun Denglian , Ma Jia , Du Lingyu , Liu Qiao , Yue Hongyan , Peng Chenxiu , Chen Hanxiao , Wang Guixue , Liu Xiaoheng , Shen Yang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:
Long-term ischemia leads to insufficient cerebral microvascular perfusion and dysfunction. Reperfusion restores physiological fluid shear stress but leads to serious injury. The mechanism of FSS-induced endothelial injury in ischemia-reperfusion injury remains poorly understood.
Methods:
In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was constructed in vivo and the endothelial phenotype factor VE-cadherin and mesenchymal phenotype factor N-cadherin, Snail1, α-SMA, and slug were detected by Immunofluorescence to research the change of endothelial phenotypic. The cerebrovascular endothelial function and endothelial inflammation factors were detected by Evans Blue (EB) Staining and Quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, the rat brain microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to a laminar fluid shear stress of 0.5 dyn/cm2 for 6h and subsequently restored to physiological fluid shear stress level (2 dyn/cm2) for 2h and 12h in vitro, to simulate the fluid shear stress environments in early and late reperfusion. Then we detect the change of endothelial phenotype factor VE-cadherin and mesenchymal phenotype factor N-cadherin, Snail1, and slug by western blot. What’s more, inflammation factors and the blood-brain barrier were also detected by Quantitative real-time PCR and Transmission Electron Microscope, respectively. After that, Yes related protein (YAP) was Knockdown and actin polymerization was inhibited to research the change of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Results
We found that reperfusion-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endothelial cells leads to serious blood-brain barrier damage and endothelial inflammation, accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of YAP. In the later stage of reperfusion, cerebral endothelium was restored to the endothelial phenotype with a distinct change of mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition, while YAP was translocated and phosphorylated in the cytoplasm. More importantly, the knockdown of YAP or inhibition of actin polymerization markedly impairs the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Conclusions
These results suggested that ischemia-reperfusion increased intensity of fluid shear stress triggered an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process and thus resulted in endothelial inflammation and tissue injury, whereas continuous FSS may lead to a reversal mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition event in a time-dependent way that contributed to the endothelial repair. This study is helpful to provide new enlightenment for the therapy of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Decoding the Shoes of Terracotta Warriors: in terms of Restoration Technology and Functional Performance
Authors: Cha Na , Zhou Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The shoes of the Terracotta Warriors holds significant historical and cultural value as an important legacy of ancient Chinese shoemaking craftsmanship. But there is a dearth of research on terracotta shoes.Therefore, this study aimed to restore the Terracotta Warrior’s shoes from the perspectives of clothing engineering and archaeology, and then to assess the critical function of the restored shoes. Finally, we would explore why the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty (221-206BC) were so successful in military.In the restoration process, we utilized AR ranging technology to conduct field investigations in museums, obtaining the basic form of the shoeof the kneeling archer figurine No.05438, and based on this, we studied its techniques and materials. Further, a quantitative analysis of the structural functionality of the Qin Dynasty shoes were carried out.Results show that: (1) The shoe soles of the Terracotta Warriors were adorned with neatly arranged circular patterns; the shoe sole was divided into three sections, with a ratio of 8:13:6 among the three sections. (2) The production technique of the shoe sole was consistent with the Thousand-layer sole (TLS), and the material used was red ramie. (3) We compared the replica shoes with two similar modern shoes and found that the replica shoes not only exhibited excellent flexibility but also demonstrated better slip resistance in wet conditions.Overall, we successfully reconstructed the shoe and evaluated their functionality using advanced archaeological techniques. Our finding unveiled notable advantages in flexibility and slip resistance in the Terracotta Warrior’s shoes, enhancing our understanding of ancient shoes. Additionally, this study also provides valuable practical experience and methodology for archaeology in restoring the ancient shoes.
A Cosimulation Model for the Hydraulic Operating Mechanism of a High-Voltage Circuit Breaker
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Zhao Deng , Chen Hantao , Wu Zhe , Shuai Changgeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of hydraulic operating mechanisms are of great significance to the reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs). Due to the lack of cosimulation models that consider the coupling links of different physics, previous research works were limited to the analysis of some discrete parts. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel technique for the cosimulation of a hydraulic operating mechanism (OM). For that aim, the lumped parameter method is adopted to model the hydraulic system, and the finite-element analysis method is employed for the transmission mechanism. Then, a distributed parallel-type cosimulation framework is applied, and the coupling links between different subsystems are achieved by input‒output variable exchanges with shared memory. Experimental validations and simulation applications are implemented in a 550-kV HVCB. This proves that the proposed cosimulation model can accurately capture the dynamic responses of hydraulic OMs, including predicting the dynamic responses induced under different operation parameters and quantifying important features such as stress distributions and dynamic response evolution patterns.
Surgical outcomes in children with congenital heart disease after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: a single-center case-control study
Authors: Yang Yinyu , Yu Xiafeng , Huang Jianhu , Xie Li , Dong Wei , Pan Yanjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection.
Methods
A retrospective case‒control study was performed on children with CHD after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection as a convalescent group at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from Jan 1,2022 to Jan 20,2023. The control group was matched by CHD patients (without SARS-CoV-2 infection) who underwent surgical repair during the same period. Clinical data and outcomes were analyzed and compared between groups.
Result
A total of 120 CHD patients were included in this study: 40 CHD patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection (convalescent group) and 80 CHD patients without infection (control group). The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.5% (1/40) in the convalescent group. Troponin I values were statistically higher in convalescent group than in control at surgery day after being admitted to intensive care unit(ICU) [6.98 (3.43–14.79)vs. 2.67 (1.38–6.22),p = 0.00] and postsurgery day 1[2.69 (1.17–5.05)vs. 1.56 (0.73–3.40), p = 0.015]. In addition, patients who undergo surgery within 10 days of a negative nucleic acid results (NNAR) were associated with prolonged ICU stay(4.57 ± 3.01 vs 3.06 ± 1.52, p = 0.046). The recurrence rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 20% (8/40) in this study. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time [98.5 (64.75-289.25) vs. 64.5 (48.5–88), p = 0.010] in recurrence patients was longer than that in patients without recurrence. Moreover, patients with recurrence were associated with longer mechanical ventilation time (72.00 ± 57.32 vs. 21.78 ± 17.83, 0.043) and ICU stay (6.75 ± 3.54 vs. 3.25 ± 1.72, p = 0.027).
Conclusion
In children with CHD after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, myocardial injury after surgery might be more severe. Clinical outcome was without statistical difference if surgeries were performed after 10 days of NNAR. Patients with longer CPB times were likely to suffer recurrence after surgery which may lead to longer MV and ICU time.
Bayesian Inference on the Fréchet-type Extreme Value Distribution based on the Characteristic Prior
Authors: Maswadah M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a new method has been used for constructing a prior density function based on the characteristic function, which frees the Bayesian inference from subjectivity to a personal choice that has worried some statisticians. For comparing the characteristic prior with the informative prior, Bayesian inference on the Fréchet-type extreme value distribution parameters has been studied based on symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated that the characteristic prior outperformed the informative prior for different sample sizes and several values of the parameters. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed priors.
On Global Maritime Oil Piracy: An Association Rules Analysis
Authors: Alexopoulos Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Maritime piracy is a global problem that disrupts oil flows and products. This research attempts to identify potential association rules between the features of hostile acts against tankers. To that end, the Apriori algorithm is used. We use data from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and modify them in a basket case style. Essential features of an attack are examined, such as the closeness to the coasts, the cruising status of the tankers, and the time neighboring other attacks. It is found that success is strongly coupled with the safety of the attack by striking near the coast and anchored tankers. The produced association rules include different time-neighboring conditions and no values regarding the attack month. This implies no strong preference for starting an attack, close or far from a previous episode, and no seasonality.