bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological analysis and predictors of gallbladder infection with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in an HIV setting
Authors: Singh R , Mewa Kinoo S , Ramjathan P , Swe Swe-Han K , Singh B 
Published: June 2023

Background
South Africa has a high prevalence of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) who have shown to affect the prevalence and severity of infection and sepsis particularly gallbladder disease. Empirical Antimicrobial (EA) therapy for acute cholecystitis (AC) is based largely on bacteria colonisation of bile (bacteriobilia) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) obtained from the developed world where the prevalence of PLWH is very low. In an ever-emerging era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and updating local antibiograms is underscored.
Objective
Due to the paucity of data available locally to guide treatment we found it pertinent to examine gallbladder bile for bacteriobilia and antibiograms in a setting with a high prevalence of PLWH to determine if this may demand a review of our local antimicrobial policies for gallbladder infections for both EA and pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) for laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC).
Methodology
A retrospective observational descriptive study was undertaken at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Hospital records were reviewed for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy over a 3-year period. Gallbladder bacteriobilia and antibiograms were assessed and compared between PLWH and HIV uninfected (HIV-U). Pre-operative age, ERCP, PCT, CRP and NLR were used as predictors for bacteriobilia. Statistical analyses were performed using R Project and p values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results
There were no differences in bacteriobilia or antibiograms between PLWH and HIV-U. There was >30% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalosporins. Aminoglycoside-based therapy, had good susceptibility patterns whilst carbapenem-based therapy demonstrated the lowest resistance levels. ERCP and age were predictors of bacteriobilia (p<0.001 and 0.002 respectively). PCT, CRP and NLR were not.
Conclusion
PLWH should follow the same PAP and EA recommendations as HIV-U. For EA, we recommend, a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanate with aminoglycoside-based therapy (amikacin or gentamycin) or piperacillin/tazobactam as monotherapy. Carbapenem-based therapy should be reserved for drug resistant species. For PAP, we recommend the routine use in older patients and patients with history of ERCP undergoing LC.
Określanie wartości nieruchomości przez biegłych rzeczoznawców majątkowych w postępowaniu sądowym
Authors: Sokół Krzysztof , Sobolewska-Mikulska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza postępowania, w wyniku którego dokonuje się określenia wartości nieruchomości oraz próba wychwycenia przyczyn, dla których sądowe ustalenie wartości nieruchomości wymaga niekiedy kolejnego lub kolejnych opinii o wartości nieruchomości kolejnych biegłych rzeczoznawców majątkowych. Na potrzeby niniejszego artykułu zastosowano metodę badania indywidualnych przypadków tj. dwóch przykładowych spraw sądowych, w których sporządzano opinie główne, opinie uzupełniające, kolejne opinie uzupełniające, kolejne opinie główne i gdzie biegły rzeczoznawca majątkowy był dodatkowo wzywany na rozprawę celem złożenia bezpośrednio przed sądem ustnej uzupełniającej opinii.
Reliability of sonographic measurements of the ulnar collateral ligament: a multi-rater prospective study
Authors: Felton Shawn D. , Van Duijn Arie J. , Cordova Mitchell L. 
Published: June 2023

Background
The use of sonography is a cost-effective and reliable method to evaluate upper extremity superficial tissue structural integrity and pathology. Establishing the measurement reliability of widely used diagnostic ultrasound evaluation for musculoskeletal assessment is paramount enhance accurate clinical evaluations. The objective of this study was to establish the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of select ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) thickness measures at two distinct anatomical locations in intercollegiate baseball athletes using ultrasound imaging (USI).

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study conducted in a university research laboratory and included a total of 17 NCAA Division I baseball athletes (age 20.4 ± 1.43, height = 183.63 cm ± 6.27 cm, mass = 89.28 kg ± 8.24 kg). Two trained clinicians measured UCL mid-substance and apex thickness in the throwing extremity, prospectively, on 5 occasions at 1-month intervals during rest. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) (model 3,3), associated standard error of measurement, and 95% minimal detectable change in thickness were derived.

Results
Intrarater reliability estimates for operator 1 were 0.90–0.98 (mid-substance) and 0.91–0.99 (apex). Operator 2’s values were 0.92–0.97 and 0.93–0.99, respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) ranged from 0.045–0.071 cm (mid-substance) and 0.023–0.067 cm (apex). The minimal detectable difference (MDD95) was 0.12–0.20 cm (mid-substance) and 0.07–0.19 cm (apex). Interrater reliability was 0.86–0.96 (mid-substance) and 0.79–0.98 (apex); most ICCs were >0.90. Measurement of UCL thickness at two locations demonstrated very good to excellent reliability with high precision. Using this protocol, two evaluators can obtain consistent UCL measurement at two positions. This finding has significant implications for the clinical evaluation of superficial tissue pathology of the same individual by two experienced practitioners.
Ameliorative Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity on Rats
Authors: Muralidharan P. , Swetha C. 
Published: June 2023

Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.
Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunctly from day 18. Behavioral and locomotor activity was determined using passive avoidance test, open field test, actophotometer and rota rod test. Biochemical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were assessed in brain samplesand histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment.
Results: Aluminium chloride treatment significantly decreases cognitive function and open field test with a significance decrease in the acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GR) activity level. Also, the histopathological examination shows significance decrease in the neuronal cell density in hippocampal region. Grape seed oil treated with aluminum chloride neurotoxic groups alleviates all the toxicity induced by the aluminum chloride. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that the grape seed oil markedly reduced the toxicity of aluminium chloride.
Conclusion: Supplementation of grape seed oilexhibited with beneficial and neuroprotective role on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat modelby improving the cognitive memory and antioxidant enzyme level.
Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Bonemeal on Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus var. Hill Queen)
Authors: Yashvardhan Vidyasagar , Gautam Abhishek , Yadav Abhishek 
Published: June 2023

The enquiry was done during rabi season from 21 November, 2022 to 26 January, 2023 at the research station of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture And Technology, Kalyanpur Kanpur, India .The cultivar was Hill Queen of radish (Raphanus sativus) which is one of the important variety of North Indian Plain of Indian Subcontinent. The organic fertilizer vermicompost and bonemeal as a combined effect was recorded on different aspect of growth and yield of the respected variety.
The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design on the total area of 150m2.This area was divided in two halves ,of which one half area was under Hill Queen variety with combined organic fertilizer application and the other area was allotted with no fertilizer application.
Considerable positive effect was recorded under the combined organic fertilizer on parameters like Diameter of the green foliage, Length of the roots, Diameter of the roots, Number of leaves, Total mass of the plant and Number of root hair development which is crucial for the later period of seed production. All the major parameters included had shown considerable increase and they have shown in the percentage from the counterpart of the experiment.
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Chaudhary Kiran , Debbarma Victor 
Published: June 2023

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) to study the “Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)". The results showed that treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] recorded significantly higher plant height (164.67 cm), maximum number of leaves/plant (15.24), maximum plant dry weight (75.81 g), maximum stem girth (3.33 cm), higher green forage yield (47.90 t/ha), maximum moisture content (84.02 %) and maximum crude protein content (7.57 %) compare to other treatment. The maximum gross return (119750.00 INR/ha), maximum net return (83883.77 INR/ha) and highest B:C ratio (2.33) was also recorded in treatment 9 [Nitrogen (100 kg/ha) + Phosphorus (50 kg/ha)] as compared to other treatments.
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Dhingra Lovedeep S. , Aminorroaya Arya , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Nargesi Arash Aghajani , Wilson Francis Perry , Krumholz Harlan M. , Khera Rohan 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceWearable devices may be able to improve cardiovascular health, but the current adoption of these devices could be skewed in ways that could exacerbate disparities.ObjectiveTo assess sociodemographic patterns of use of wearable devices among adults with or at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US population in 2019 to 2020.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study included a nationally representative sample of the US adults from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Data were analyzed from June 1 to November 15, 2022.ExposuresSelf-reported CVD (history of heart attack, angina, or congestive heart failure) and CVD risk factors (≥1 risk factor among hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or cigarette smoking).Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported access to wearable devices, frequency of use, and willingness to share health data with clinicians (referred to as health care providers in the survey).ResultsOf the overall 9303 HINTS participants representing 247.3 million US adults (mean [SD] age, 48.8 [17.9] years; 51% [95% CI, 49%-53%] women), 933 (10.0%) representing 20.3 million US adults had CVD (mean [SD] age, 62.2 [17.0] years; 43% [95% CI, 37%-49%] women), and 5185 (55.7%) representing 134.9 million US adults were at risk for CVD (mean [SD] age, 51.4 [16.9] years; 43% [95% CI, 37%-49%] women). In nationally weighted assessments, an estimated 3.6 million US adults with CVD (18% [95% CI, 14%-23%]) and 34.5 million at risk for CVD (26% [95% CI, 24%-28%]) used wearable devices compared with an estimated 29% (95% CI, 27%-30%) of the overall US adult population. After accounting for differences in demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factor profile, and socioeconomic features, older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26-0.48]), lower educational attainment (OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24-0.52]), and lower household income (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.29-0.60]) were independently associated with lower use of wearable devices in US adults at risk for CVD. Among wearable device users, a smaller proportion of adults with CVD reported using wearable devices every day (38% [95% CI, 26%-50%]) compared with overall (49% [95% CI, 45%-53%]) and at-risk (48% [95% CI, 43%-53%]) populations. Among wearable device users, an estimated 83% (95% CI, 70%-92%) of US adults with CVD and 81% (95% CI, 76%-85%) at risk for CVD favored sharing wearable device data with their clinicians to improve care.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong individuals with or at risk for CVD, fewer than 1 in 4 use wearable devices, with only half of those reporting consistent daily use. As wearable devices emerge as tools that can improve cardiovascular health, the current use patterns could exacerbate disparities unless there are strategies to ensure equitable adoption.
Preliminary Evidence for Genetic Nurture in Depression and Neuroticism Through Polygenic Scores
Authors: Tubbs Justin D. , Sham Pak C. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceModeling genetic nurture (ie, the effects of parental genotypes through influences on the environment experienced by their children) is essential to accurately disentangle genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic variance. However, these influences are often ignored in both epidemiologic and genetic studies of depression.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of genetic nurture with depression and neuroticism.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study jointly modeled parental and offspring polygenic scores (PGSs) across 9 traits to test for the association of genetic nurture with lifetime broad depression and neuroticism using data from nuclear families in the UK Biobank, with data collected between 2006 and 2019. A broad depression phenotype was measured in 38 702 offspring from 20 905 independent nuclear families, with most of these participants also reporting neuroticism scores. Parental genotypes were imputed from sibships or parent-offspring duos and used to calculate parental PGSs. Data were analyzed between March 2021 and January 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEstimates of genetic nurture and direct genetic regression coefficients on broad depression and neuroticism.ResultsThis study of 38 702 offspring with data on broad depression (mean [SD] age, 55.5 [8.2] years at study entry; 58% female) found limited preliminary evidence for a statistically significant association of genetic nurture with lifetime depression and neuroticism in adults. The estimated regression coefficient of the parental depression PGS on offspring neuroticism (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = 6.63 × 10−3) was estimated to be approximately two-thirds (66%) that of the offspring’s depression PGS (β = 0.06, SE = 0.01, P = 6.13 × 10−11). Evidence for an association between parental cannabis use disorder PGS and offspring depression was also found (β = 0.08, SE = 0.03, P = .02), which was estimated to be 2 times greater than the association between the offspring’s cannabis use disorder PGS and their own depression status (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = .07).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cross-sectional study highlight the potential for genetic nurture to bias results from epidemiologic and genetic studies on depression or neuroticism and, with further replication and larger samples, identify potential avenues for future prevention and intervention efforts.
Green‐Solvent‐Processed High‐Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells Comprising a Highly Soluble and Fluorescent Third Component
Authors: Lu Hao , Ran Guangliu , Liu Yuqiang , Pei Zengliang , Liu Wenxu , Liu Yahui , Tang Zheng , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays, it is still a great challenge to obtain high‐performance green‐solvent‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a ternary blend strategy (one donor and two acceptors, 1D/2A) is developed to solve the difficulty of film morphology modulation during the fabrication of high‐performance green‐solvent‐processed OSCs. A typical high‐performance halogenated‐solvent processable binary system D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F is selected as the host, its green‐solvents‐processed devices show an inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈16%. SM16 with two 3D shape persistent end groups is selected as the third component due to its high fluorescence quantum yield, reduced intermolecular interaction, good solubility, and moderate crystallinity. As a result, the ternary devices display bicontinuous interpenetrating networks, reduced energy loss, and suppressed charge carrier recombination losses. Hence, an excellent PCE of 18.20% is achieved for the D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F:SM16 ternary devices, which is much higher than D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F‐based binary ones and also one of the highest PCEs for the green‐solvents‐processed OSCs. Besides, this strategy also demonstrates a good universality for other binary systems and becomes an effective pathway for the development of green‐solvent processable high‐performance OSCs.
An Impedance Study of the Density of States Distribution in Blends of PM6:Y6 in Relation to Barrierless Dissociation of CT States
Authors: Kroh Daniel , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Nádaždy Vojtech , Kahle Frank‐Julian , Bässler Heinz , Köhler Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn an endeavor to understand why the dissociation of charge‐transfer (CT) states in a PM6:Y6 solar‐cell is not a thermally activated process, measurements of energy‐resolved impedance as well as of intrinsic photoconduction are employed. This study determines the density of states distributions of the pertinent HOMO and LUMO states and obtains a Coulomb binding energy (Eb,CT) of ≈150 meV. This is 250 meV lower than the value expected for a pair of localized charges with 1 nm separation. The reason is that the hole is delocalized in the polymer and the electron is shared among Y6 molecules forming a J‐like aggregate. There are two key reasons why this binding energy of the CT state is not reflected in the temperature dependence of the photocurrent of PM6:Y6‐diode: i) The e–h dissociation in a disordered system is a multi‐step process whose activation energy is principally different from the binding energy of the CT state and can be substantially less than Eb,CT, and ii) since dissociation of the CT state competes with its intrinsic decay, the dissociation yield saturates once the rate of dissociation grossly exceeds the rate of intrinsic decay. This study argues that these conditions are met in a PM6:Y6‐solar cell.
Broad and Durable Humoral Responses Following Single Hydrogel Immunization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Subunit Vaccine
Authors: Ou Ben S. , Saouaf Olivia M. , Yan Jerry , Bruun Theodora U. J. , Baillet Julie , Zhou Xueting , King Neil P. , Appel Eric A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost vaccines require several immunizations to induce robust immunity, and indeed, most SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines require an initial two‐shot regimen followed by several boosters to maintain efficacy. Such a complex series of immunizations unfortunately increases the cost and complexity of populations‐scale vaccination and reduces overall compliance and vaccination rate. In a rapidly evolving pandemic affected by the spread of immune‐escaping variants, there is an urgent need to develop vaccines capable of providing robust and durable immunity. In this work, a single immunization SARS‐CoV‐2 subunit vaccine is developed that can rapidly generate potent, broad, and durable humoral immunity. Injectable polymer–nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels are leveraged as a depot technology for the sustained delivery of a nanoparticle antigen (RND‐NP) displaying multiple copies of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and potent adjuvants including CpG and 3M‐052. Compared to a clinically relevant prime‐boost regimen with soluble vaccines formulated with CpG/alum or 3M‐052/alum adjuvants, PNP hydrogel vaccines more rapidly generated higher, broader, and more durable antibody responses. Additionally, these single‐immunization hydrogel‐based vaccines elicit potent and consistent neutralizing responses. Overall, it is shown that PNP hydrogels elicit improved anti‐COVID immune responses with only a single administration, demonstrating their potential as critical technologies to enhance overall pandemic readiness.
Diatomite‐Templated Synthesis of Single‐Atom Cobalt‐Doped MoS2/Carbon Composites to Boost Sodium Storage
Authors: Wen Xia , Feng Wang , Li Xiaohui , Yang Junbo , Du Ruofan , Wang Peng , Li Hui , Song Luying , Wang Yuzu , Cheng Mo , He Jun , Shi Jianping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrodes for energy conversion/storage because of the layered structure and maximum atom utilization efficiency. However, the integration of such two type materials and the relevant sodium storage applications remain daunting challenges. Here, an ingenious diatomite‐templated synthetic strategy is designed to fabricate single‐atom cobalt‐doped MoS2/carbon (SA Co‐MoS2/C) composites toward the high‐performance sodium storage. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical structure, high electron/sodium‐ion conductivity, and abundant active sites, the obtained SA Co‐MoS2/C reveals remarkable specific capacity (≈604.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), high rate performance, and outstanding long cyclic stability. Particularly, the sodium‐ion full cell composed of SA Co‐MoS2/C anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode demonstrates unexpected stability with the cycle number exceeded 1200. The internal sodium storage mechanism is clarified with the aid of density functional theory calculations and in situ experimental characterizations. This work not only represents a substantial leap in terms of synthesizing SACs on 2D TMDCs but also provides a crucial step toward the practical sodium‐ion battery applications.
Renally Clearable Ultraminiature Chain‐Like Gold Nanoparticle Clusters for Multimodal Molecular Imaging of Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Nguyen Van Phuc , Qian Wei , Zhe Josh , Henry Jessica , Wang Mingyang , Liu Bing , Zhang Wei , Wang Xueding , Paulus Yannis M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrently, available gold nanoparticles (GNPs) typically accumulate in the liver and spleen, leading to concerns for their long‐term biosafety. To address this long‐standing problem, ultraminiature chain‐like gold nanoparticle clusters (GNCs) are developed. Via self‐assembly of 7–8 nm GNP monomers, GNCs provide redshifted optical absorption and scattering contrast in the near‐infrared window. After disassembly, GNCs turn back to GNPs with a size smaller than the renal glomerular filtration size cutoff, allowing their excretion via urine. A one‐month longitudinal study in a rabbit eye model demonstrates that GNCs facilitate multimodal molecular imaging of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo, non‐invasively, with excellent sensitivity and spatial resolution. GNCs targeting αvβ3 integrins enhance photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) signals from CNV by 25.3‐fold and 150%, respectively. With excellent biosafety and biocompatibility demonstrated, GNCs render a first‐of‐its‐kind nanoplatform for biomedical imaging.