bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Injection of Produced Water: The Effect of Oil Micro-Emulsion Suspensions
Authors: Al Moajil Abdullah , Almubarak Tariq , Alotaibi Fares , Alhamad Luai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Re-injecting produced water is highly sought after to maintain reservoir pressure, preserve fresh water, and reduce water disposal costs. Produced water is often of low quality in terms of high total dissolved solids (TDS), inconsistent geochemical composition, bacteria content, and varying suspended solids and oil content. These factors pose a major formation damage risk if water re-injection into reservoirs is considered. The risks can be due to incompatibility with rocks (fines migration, permeability reduction, wettability alteration), the fluids (inorganic scale formation, emulsions), or the metal (Corrosion). Several water treatment processes exist to tailor such water into an acceptable injected fluid. The objective of this paper to provide an example analyzing produced water quality requirements and providing recommendations.
Oil in water content in produced water was measured using Ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy. Coreflood testing was conducted to assess damage in carbonate core plugs due to suspended oil and solids at 140°F. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) showed precipitation because of injecting produced water into carbonate core plugs.
Re-injection of treated produced water can potentially cause reservoir damage due to combined effects of suspended oil, solids, and precipitation or scaling. The degree of reservoir damage is a function of oil/solids content, solid particle size, and scaling/precipitation potential. Oil/solid content and particle size in produced water should be reduced to lowest values that are economically feasible to achieve (e.g., total suspended solids (TSS) &lt; 2 mg/L and total suspended oil (TSO) &lt; 30-50 ppm. Well injection performance could be maintained through periodic flow back for routine clean-up, scheduled reservoir stimulations, and implementation of mentoring program at the water treatment plant and the wellhead to maintain water quality at a set threshold limit.
Debottlenecking to Increase Gas Production with the Right Approach
Authors: Muthiah Ponnusamy Saravanavel , Moinuddin Mohamed , The Lucio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a result of the present market conditions, there is an increased demand for gas. However, because of the limited production facilities available to meet the increasing demand, existing plants must be debottlenecked to handle greater gas capacities or new plants must be constructed.
Constructing new plants requires longer lead times with significant capital expenditure (capex) investments. However, debottlenecking existing plants is a feasible option with a lower capex. Debottlenecking presents opportunities for quick deployments with marginal increases in production.
This paper explains the methodology and approach used to debottleneck a gas processing plant to produce a 20% greater throughput than that provided by the original design. The methodology and approach included the deployment of a novel tray type in the gas sweetening unit (GSU) contactor and engineering checks throughout the facility for validation.
A debottlenecking study was performed to increase the flow rate with minimal plant modifications within a minimum stoppage time. The challenges were to ensure the novel tray type would fit the designed hardware to improve the process, that all the studies were conducted in due time, and all plant modifications could be performed efficiently.
This paper describes the success story and best practices regarding the plant capacity increase, the performance of a plant study to accommodate the debottlenecking, and the maintenance of safety standards.
Transform Lamination into Geomechanic Stress Using Lwd Dual Images in Oil Based Mud Environment
Authors: Albasheer Noor , Akinyose Olusegun , Santoso Gagok , Mohiuddin Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Laminations in carbonate rocks lead to variations in geomechanical properties parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane. Accounting for the presence of these geological features results in accurate estimation of the rock geomechanical properties and optimize the hydraulic fracturing designs. The current study aims to identify the lamination along a horizontal section in a carbonate reservoir, using dual imaging Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) technology, and discusses the impact of such laminations in geomechanics stress modeling and hydraulic fracture planning.
Ultrasonic and apparent resistivity images from recorded mode data were used to interpret geological features such as fractures, faults, cross-beddings, and secondary porosity intervals. Quad combo measurements, including gamma ray, propagation resistivity, density, neutron, shear and compressional sonic measurements were also used for the evaluation. Processed high-quality caliper logs (180 sectors) were used to validate stress interpretation related to the geomechanics. The vertical synthetic log property modeling was generated and derived properties like Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and stresses were computed in True Stratigraphic Thickness (TST) scale. These clearly showed the variation of properties in individual layers. Hydraulic fractures propagating vertically at any point in the horizontal wellbore will experience these variations in properties. This analysis evidently shows layers acting as stress barriers and can be used to further enhance hydraulic fracture planning.
Exploring the perceptions community pharmacists have towards the COVID-19 vaccine using a qualitative approach
Authors: Teeluck Shruti , Petrus Ruwayda , Moodley Rajatheran , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China emerged, millions have been affected. Due to the spread of the virus, and the increasing number of cases and deaths, the crisis has been declared a global pandemic. There have been several suitable vaccines and South Africa (SA) commenced its rollout in February 2021. The pharmacists have played a vital role through the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as they are the first point of care for many. It is equally necessary to explore their perceptions towards the vaccine and vaccine rollout. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour is utilized to explore pharmacists’ behaviour based on their perceptions towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the rollout.
Method
This study used a qualitative approach to gain depth on the topic and purposive sampling was used. Thereafter, more participants were recruited via a snowballing technique. All participants were community pharmacists in Durban, SA which was a COVID-19 hotspot. A letter of invitation containing an informed consent form was filled in by every participant. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and was audio recorded. Thereafter, the audio recordings of each interview were transcribed verbatim. Relevant quotes were isolated from the interview and were grouped into themes and sub-themes using Braun and Clark’s six-step data analysis.
Results
The four main themes were: Perceptions on the COVID-19 vaccine; Views on the vaccine rollout strategy; Pharmacist as an educator on the COVID-19 vaccine; Vaccine provision at the pharmacy. Each heading was broken down into sub-themes which were: vaccines are a social responsibility, pharmacists’ vaccine concerns, pharmacists’ views on the rollout strategy, pharmacists’ priority in vaccination, pharmacists’ self-reflection as an educator on COVID-19 vaccines, education topics, pharmacists’ sources of information for counselling, assuming the responsibility of becoming a vaccination centre, responsibilities of a pharmacist in a vaccine centre, planning and implementation to provide vaccines, challenges expected/currently experienced.
Conclusion
The pharmacist had a positive outlook on the COVID-19 vaccine and support the rollout. Furthermore, they play a necessary role in the vaccine rollout by educating patients and providing the vaccine at their pharmacies.
High Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Hyperthyroidism: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Wang Yanling , Ma Li , Wang Danhui , peng Zhihong , Mao Zenghui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between hyperthyroidism and risk of erectile dysfunction (ED).
Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies evaluating men with hyperthyroidism who had erectile dysfunction, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Rating Scale to evaluate the quality of studies for meta-analysis, and Stata 16.0, RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.
Results: A total of 4 papers with 25519 study subjects were included, of which the number of patients suffering from hyperthyroidism was 6429 and the number of controls was 19090. The overall prevalence of ED in patients with comorbid hyperthyroidism was 31.1% (95% CI 0.06-0.56). The incidence of ED in patients with combined uncomplicated hyperthyroidism was 21.9% (95% CI 0.05-0.38). The ED increased significantly in the group with hyperthyroidism in four studies (OR: 1.73; 95% CI [1.46-2.04]; p < .00001).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrates that patients with hyperthyroidism had more incidence of ED. These data can inform discussion between physicians and patients with hyperthyroidism regarding the choice of therapy for ED.
Robust Consensus Tracking Control for Multiple Nonholonomic Mobile Robots with Unbounded External Disturbances Via UDE-Based Control Method
Authors: Sha Hongsheng , Guo Rongwei , Zhou Jin , Zhu Xiaojin , Li Nan , Miao Zhonghua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the research of robust distributed consensus tracking control for multiple nonholonomic mobile robots systems (MNMRs) with unbounded external disturbances. Firstly, a uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based adaptive consensus strategy is proposed by two steps. In the first step, the backstepping control method is utilized to design the kinematic auxiliary control input of the systems and integrate it into the multiple Euler-Lagrange systems. The adaptive sliding mode tracker under linear regression is used to synchronize the networked nominal dynamic model of MNMRs and enhance the adaptability of the systems in the second step. It is noted that the UDE-based controller is used to estimate and compensate the model uncertainties and external disturbances online. Secondly, several new filters are presented and utilized to handle the unbounded disturbances: type of exponential function growth, type of first order polynomial function growth, type of exponential function multiplied by polynomial function growth. It should be pointed out that it is the first time to accurately estimate and eliminate the unbounded disturbances by designing appropriate filters. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.
Correlation of Infant Labial Frenum Morphology and Maxillary Deciduous Tooth Eruption among Ningxia-region Population
Authors: Cheng Yunyun , Wang Jia , Gong Shanghong , Fan Ting 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Infant labial frenum morphology will directly lead to the midline diastema between maxillary deciduous tooth，which locates in the facial aesthetic area。
facial aesthetic area causes family members' medical demands.
Objective: To explore the correlation of infant labial frenum morphology and maxillary deciduous tooth eruption with the age of infants and provide theoretical support for clinical practice.
Methods: 1,268 infants (730 males and 538 females) of 5-36 months old who had routine physical examinations in the Children’s Health Center of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2022 were selected. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the correlation of labial frenum morphology with age and the correlation of maxillary deciduous tooth eruption with age. The age discrimination equation between different genders was also established.
Results: There was a negative correlation between labial frenum morphology and age (male: r=-0.567, female: r=-0.571, P<0.001) and a close relation between maxillary deciduous tooth eruption and age (male: r=0.769, female: r=0.803, P<0.00).
Conclusion: The correlation of labial frenum morphology and maxillary deciduous tooth eruption with age can provide guidance to the aesthetic anxiety of infants’ family members.
Prognostic Analysis of One-stage Radical Resection of Interruption of Aortic Arch with Ventricular Septal Defect in Infants: 11-year single-center experience
Authors: Song Hailong , Cao Lijing , Zhang Huijun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
To analyze the risk factors of death and aortic stenosis (AS) in infants with interruption of aortic arch (IAA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) after one-stage radical resection.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 152 children with IAA and VSD from January 2006 to January 2017 who had undergone one-stage radical resection, including 95 cases of type A and 57 cases of type B. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for mortality and AS after surgery, the overall survival rate was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival curve was drawn by GraphPad Prism 8 software.
Results
22 cases (14.47%) died, 27 cases (17.76%) developed AS. The 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 85.53%, 85.53%, 85.53%, 84.21%, 78.95% and 75.66%, respectively. Low age (P = 0.004), low body weight (P = 0.003), large ratio of VSD diameter/aortic diameter (VSD/AO) (P = 0.044), long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (P = 0.038), and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) (P = 0.015) were independent risk factors for postoperative death. The surgical period (from January 2006 to December 2011) (P = 0.046) and the addition of pericardial anastomosis to the anterior aortic wall (P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for postoperative AS.
Conclusions
Children with low age, low body weight, large ratio of VSD/AO, long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, LVOTO, the surgical period (from January 2006 to December 2011) and pericardial anastomosis with anterior aortic wall have poor prognosis.
The tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells is reduced upon treatment with exosomes purified from heparin - treated cell cultures
Authors: Chen Yunliang , Scully Michael , Kakkar Ajay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cell surface heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HPSGs) play a central role in controlling the genotype and phenotype of eukaryotic cells and have been implicated in a wide range of pathologies including cancer. Heparin is often used as a specific probe of the role of HPSGs in cell physiology and we have previously shown a reduction in the tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells when cultured in its presence. However, a partial reversal of the anti-tumorigenic effect occurred when the treated cells were cultured in fresh medium without heparin, which led us to consider whether a more persistent effect could be achieved by treatment of the cells with exosomes from heparin treated cells.
Methods
The tumorigenicity was analysed using exosomes from the culture medium of heparin treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells (Exo-HT) or from conditioned medium following the termination of treatment (heparin discontinued, Exo-HD).
Results
Tumorigenicity was reduced in cells cultured in the presence of Exo-HT compared to that of cells cultured in the presence of exosomes from untreated cells (Exo-Ctrl). Exo-HD were also observed to exert an anti-tumorigenic effect in terms of the level of expression of pro-tumorigenic and cell cycle regulatory proteins as well as signalling activities when added to fresh cultures of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells, an effect not seen upon treatment with Exo-Ctrl. The anti-tumorigenic activity of the heparin-derived exosomes may arise from observed changes in the miRNA content or from heparin, which was observed to be bound to the exosomes.
Conclusion
The anti-tumorigenic effect of heparin treatment of cancer cells was also observed upon treatment with heparin-derived exosomes.
A Common Trade Framework – Support for Agricultural and Food Products. Models of New Zealand, South Korea, and Romania Mountains
Authors: Covaci Brindusa , Covaci Mihai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The paper proposes an econometric model for agricultural and food exports, focusing on models regarding New Zealand, South Korea, and Romanian mountain areas. The models for 2002–2040 reveal that these countries are integrated into the agricultural global value chain. The economic model supposes a common export framework for three world economies different in structure, but similar in exports and mountain areas. The paper confirms that tariff barriers and agricultural mountain areas affect positively exports. The paper demonstrates that the export policies of agricultural and food sectors, especially mountains, of a country or a region are influenced, on a macroeconomic level, by most-favor-national clause, the multitude and the clauses of agreements, tariff and non-tariff barriers of the country, promotion of domestic exports, applying mountain development goals, promoting mountain products. At the microeconomic level, exports are determined by farm management, farmers' support, agricultural and food education with a focus on mountain product consumption, benefits awarded for the mountain activities through compensations, and more integrative issues for farmers. The paper's final purpose and solutions consider the mountain area's sustainability, offering the most healthier solutions for future foods.
Effect of esketamine-based opioid-sparing anesthesia strategy on postoperative pain and recovery quality in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy : a randomized controlled trail
Authors: Liu Jialei , Yin Jiangwen , Yin Jieting , Zhou Menghan , Chen Long , Dong Xiwei , Li Yan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
Opioid-sparing anesthesia reduces intraoperative use of opioids and reduced adverse postoperative events. The present study investigated the effect of esketamine-based opioid-sparing anesthesia on total laparoscopic hysterectomy patients' recovery.
Methods
Ninety patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly assigned to esketamine-based group (group K) or opioid-based group (group C). Patients, surgeons, and postoperative medical staff were blinded to group allocation. Due to the different drug administration protocols by groups, the anesthesiologist couldn't be blinded. The QoR-40 and VAS were used to measure recovery quality. Postoperative adverse events, perioperative opioid consumption, and intraoperative hemodynamics were secondary endpoints.
Results
The patients in both groups had comparable baseline characteristics. QoR-40 scores were higher in group K than in group C on postoperative day 1(160.91 ± 9.11 vs 151.47 ± 8.35, respectively; mean difference 9.44 [95%CI: 5.78–13.11]; P < 0.01). Within 24 hours of surgery, group K had lower VAS scores in both at rest and on movement. (P < 0.05 for each). Group K had much lower rates of nausea and vomiting within 24 hours of surgery. (P < 0.05 for each). The total dose of sufentanil and remifentanil were all significantly lower in the group K than in the group C (17.28 ± 2.59 vs 43.43 ± 3.52; 0.51 ± 0.15 vs 1.24 ± 0.24;). The proportion of patients who used ephedrine in surgery was higher in group C than in group K (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Esketamine-based opioid-sparing anesthesia strategy is feasible and enhance postoperative recovery by reducing opioid-related side effects and pain scores compared to an opioid- based anesthetic regimen.
Trial registration
ChiCTR2100051465; Date registered: 24/09/2021.
Intimate partner violence against ever-married women and its association with substance use in Ethiopia: A multilevel and spatial analysis from 2016 EDHS
Authors: Zenbaba Demisu , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Desta Fikreab , Teferu Zinesh , Nugusu Fikadu , Atlaw Daniel , Gezahegn Bereket , Araro Abbate , Desalign Tesfaye , Gemechu Adisu , Mesfin Telila , Petrucka Pammla , Azanaw Jember , Beressa Girma 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of violence against women and includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The most common IPV victims are women whose partners were financially insecure, uneducated, or substance users. Substance use has been related to an increase in the frequency and severity of IPV. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence, its spatial distribution, and its association with substance use among women who had ever-married in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data.
Methods
Data from the 2016 EDHS was used and a total of 4962 ever-married women were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran's I) was used to determine whether IPV and substance use were dispersed, clustered, or randomly distributed. The statistical software Sat Scan version 10.1 was used to identify the clusters with high IPV rates. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to examine the association of IPV with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 and 95% CI.
Results
Of all ever-married women, 33.2% (95% CI: 31.9, 34.6%) were currently experiencing at least one of the three types of IPV (physical, sexual, and emotional). The highest hotspot areas of IPV were observed in the Gambella and Oromia regions. The ever-married women whose husbands drink alcohol (AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.70, 4.15), chew chat (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08), and smoke cigarettes (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.79) were significantly associated with IPV.
Conclusion
One in every three ever-married women in this study experienced IPV. Following adjustment for potential confounders, at least one of the three substance uses (alcohol, chat and cigarette) was identified as a significant predictor of IPV. A concerted effort is required to reduce both substance abuse and IPV.
Child marriage in conflict settings: a geospatial analysis
Authors: Fiala Oliver 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Child marriage is a harmful practice and child rights violation that disproportionately affects girls, with negative impacts on their health, education, and opportunities in life. While child marriage is common in both development and humanitarian contexts, financial stress, or heightened insecurity for girls from violence suggest that the practice is more prevalent fragile settings. Using georeferenced data on armed conflict and population-level microdata for marriages of more than 2 million women across 56 countries, we estimate the impact of the occurrence and severity of conflict events in or before the year of marriage on the incidence of child marriage. Our results show that the incidence of marriage before age 18 for women in clusters located within a conflict zone in or the five years prior to the year of marriage was between 4.5 percentage points and 16.4 percentage points higher than for girls not affected by conflict, with risk increasing with severity of conflicts.
JEL Codes: J12; J16; O12