bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of probiotic extracellular vesicles and their applications on health and disease
Authors: Wang Guangzhao , Wang Yang , Sheng Kangliang , Wang Yongzhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProbiotics have been established to exert a positive impact on the treatment of various diseases. Indeed, these active microorganisms have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential to prevent and treat illnesses. Their beneficial effects have been hypothesized to be linked to their released extracellular vesicles. These nanoscale structures, secreted during the growth and metabolism of probiotics, possess favorable biocompatibility and targeting properties, thereby promoting intercellular material transport and signaling. This article aimed to review the bioactive components and functions of these probiotics vesicles, highlighting their role in the treatment of various diseases and discussing their potential future applications. By exploring the mechanisms of probiotic extracellular vesicles in disease development, this review aimed to provide a theoretical reference for further research on their therapeutic potential. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Construction and Characterization of Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Shape Memory Assisted Self‐Healing Thermoplastic Elastomeric Materials Based on TPU/ENR/Fe3O4 Blends
Authors: S Aiswarya , Banerjee Shib Shankar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, multi‐stimuli responsive shape memory‐assisted self‐healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials are designed by incorporating Fe3O4 particles in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomeric materials based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends. A thermodynamic perspective is employed to predict the potential distribution of Fe3O4 in the developed blends in which Fe3O4 is selectively distributed in the ENR phase. Interestingly, the Fe3O4‐loaded TPV exhibited multi‐stimuli responsive shape memory‐assisted self‐healing functionality, more specifically in the presence of an alternating magnetic field, infrared light, and heat. The resulting dynamically vulcanized TPU/ENR/Fe3O4 blends demonstrated healing efficiencies of ≈53%, ≈78%, and ≈69% under oven heat, under a magnetic field, and under infrared light exposure, respectively. Thermal image mapping is used to understand the stimulus‐dependent healing mechanisms. The developed Fe3O4 filled dynamically vulcanized TPV also shows excellent shape memory properties with a shape recovery ratio in the range of 88%–90% under the aforementioned conditions. The incorporation of Fe3O4 possibly induces coordination interactions with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), used as a coagent during dynamic vulcanization, as evidenced by FTIR and XRD analyses, thereby enhancing the functional properties of the developed TPVs.
The Financial Superiority of Cooperation in Household Entrepreneurship: Insights From the Chinese Household Financial Survey
Authors: Nai Yixiao , Hu Di , Jin Fei , Liu Beichen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTeamwork is common in entrepreneurship, yet its impact on households remains underexplored. This study investigates the differences in household entrepreneurship outcomes between cooperative and solo ventures. The findings reveal that cooperative entrepreneurship significantly outperforms solo entrepreneurship in financial terms. Cooperative households, by substituting entrepreneurial resources, boost performance through resource sharing. Furthermore, cooperation enhances productivity in small‐scale ventures and in regions with strong legal frameworks, driving greater entrepreneurial success. Importantly, the primary motivation for household cooperation often lies in overcoming resource constraints. This paper offers innovative insights and practical strategies to address the resource limitations faced by household enterprises.
All‐Polymer Solid Desiccant With High Moisture Capture Capacity and Fast Sorption Kinetics
Authors: Qu Yangxu , Mi Deyi , Guo Mingyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDesiccants play crucial importance in both daily life and industrial production. The development of low‐cost and easy industrial scale production all‐polymer solid desiccants with high water adsorption capacity, low regeneration temperature, and fast sorption kinetics remains great challenges. Herein, we report a novel all‐polymer porous solid desiccant (APPSD) with high moisture capture capacity, low regeneration temperature, and fast sorption kinetics via a new zero‐waste, eco‐friendly, and easily scaled‐up process. The present APPSD could adsorb 0.8 g/g water vapor at 70% relative humidity (RH) within 1.5 h, and 1.9 g/g at 90% RH within 2.0 h at 25°C, exhibiting fast adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium moisture adsorptive capacity is as high as 2.16 g/g at 90% RH and 25°C, much higher than most reported solid polymer desiccants without hygroscopic salts under the same conditions. Amazingly, more than 92% of the absorbed water could be released at 40°C and 20% RH within 30 min, demonstrating extreme low regeneration temperature and high regeneration efficiency. Furthermore, almost no performance decline was observed during a 20‐cycle adsorption–desorption measurement, showing excellent recycling stability.
Public–Private Networks for Green Innovation: Insights From an Energy Sector Supply‐Chain Partnership
Authors: Cambra‐Fierro Jesús J. , López‐Pérez Mª. Eugenia , Pérez Lourdes , Tejada‐Tejada Macarena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the structure, dynamics, and outcomes of an innovative, sustainable Research & Development (R&D) project within an energy supply network. Using data from the La Graciosa Project, industry experience, media sources, and interviews with key participants, the study highlights how private firms, R&D institutions, and public administrations can effectively collaborate in green innovation initiatives through public–private networks. Key findings emphasize (i) the need for alignment with external conditions, supported by trust and incentives; (ii) the importance of a shared vision to unify diverse objectives; (iii) the value of clear contracts defining stakeholder roles and the role of neutral mediators in resolving conflicts; (iv) the potential for all partners to gain from collaborative efforts, even with varying benefits; (v) the importance of innovative thinking to advance sustainability goals; and (vi) the inclusion consumer, societal and natural well‐being. These insights provide practical guidance for managers to navigate changes in energy supply chains, including shifts in traditional producer–consumer relationships.
Direct Partial Transformation of 2D Antimony Oxybromide to Halide Perovskite Heterostructure for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yuan Su‐Xian , Su Ke , Zhang Meng‐Ran , Feng You‐Xiang , Li Yu , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of lead‐free perovskite heterostructures currently suffers from low efficiency due to the lack of active sites and the inadequate photogenerated carrier separation, the latter of which is hindered by slow charge transfer at the heterostructure interfaces. Herein, a facile strategy is reported for the construction of lead‐free halide‐perovskite‐based heterostructure with swift interfacial charge transfer, achieved through direct partial conversion of 2D antimony oxybromide Sb4O5Br2 to generate Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure. Compared to the traditional electrostatic self‐assembly method, this approach endows the Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure with a tightly interconnected interface through in situ partial conversion, significantly accelerating interfacial charge transfer and thereby enhancing the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The cobalt‐doped Cs3Sb2Br9/Sb4O5Br2 heterostructure demonstrates a record‐high electron consumption rate of 840 µmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO coupled with H2O oxidation to O2, which is over 74‐ and 16‐fold higher than that of individual Sb4O5Br2 and Cs3Sb2Br9, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for promoting charge separation in photocatalysts to improve the performance of artificial photosynthesis.
Decoding Dual‐Functionality in N‐doped Defective Carbon: Unveiling Active Sites for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Bhardwaj Sakshi , Pathak Arupjyoti , Das Sabuj Kanti , Das Prasenjit , Thapa Ranjit , Dey Ramendra Sundar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOxygen electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in energy conversion and storage technologies. The precise identification of active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. However, this remains a challenging endeavor. Here, it is demonstrated that metal‐free N‐doped defective carbon material derived from triazene derivative exhibits excellent bifunctional activity, achieving a notable ΔE value of 0.72 V. Through comprehensive X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic analyses, the active sites responsible for oxygen electrocatalysis are elucidated, resolving a long‐standing issue. Specifically, pyridinic‐N sites are crucial for ORR, while graphitic‐N are good for OER. A predictive model utilizing π‐electron descriptors further aids in identifying these sites, with theoretical insights aligning with experimental results. Additionally, in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy provides clarity on reaction intermediates for both reactions. This research paves the way for developing metal‐free, site‐specific electrocatalysts for practical applications in energy technologies.
In Situ Spectroscopic Probing of the Hydroxylamine Pathway of Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Iron‐Oxy‐Hydroxide
Authors: Garg Dikshita , Mallick Laxmikanta , Kundu Avinava , Chakraborty Biswarup 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCrystalline γ‐FeO(OH) dominantly possessing ─OH terminals (𝛾‐FeO(OH)c), polycrystalline γ‐FeO(OH) containing multiple ─O, ─OH, and Fe terminals (𝛾‐FeO(OH)pc), and α‐Fe2O3 majorly containing ─O surface terminals are used as electrocatalysts to study the effect of surface terminals on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) selectivity and stabilization of reaction intermediates. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis and electrochemically determined surface area suggest a high active surface area of 117.79 m2 g−1 (ECSA: 0.211 cm2) for 𝛾‐FeO(OH)c maximizing the surface accessibility for nitrate adsorption and exhibiting selective eNO3RR to NH3 at pH 7 with a yield rate 18.326 mg h−1 cm−2, >85% Faradaic efficiency (FE), and at least nine‐times catalyst‐recyclability. 15N‐ and D‐labeling combined with in situ IR and Raman studies validate the adsorption of nitrate ions on the ─OH terminals of 𝛾‐FeO(OH)c and the generation of nitrite and hydroxyl amine as eNO3RR intermediates. A kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value of 2.1 indicates H2O as the proton source and proton‐coupled electron transfer as the rate‐limiting step. The rotating‐ring disk electrochemical (RRDE) study and subsequent Koutecký‐Levich analysis reveal the electron‐transfer rate constant (k) for the 2e‐ reduction of nitrate to nitrite is 5.7 × 10−6 cm s−1. This study provides direct evidence of the hydroxyl amine formation as the dominant pathway of eNO3RR on γ‐FeO(OH).
Human Formation in the Age of Automation
Authors: Adamson Christopher 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis chapter responds to the recent crisis surrounding developments in large language models (LLMs) and generative AI with a relational view of education informed by the emerging world‐centered approach to education and a synthesis of personalist character formation with feminist care ethics. It proposes that the instinct to manage student use of generative AI with carceral practices, characterized by surveillance and control, undermines the project of forming students as whole persons who can evaluate and use or reject emerging technologies in a mature way. The chapter concludes with practical suggestions for the classroom that can be aligned with institutional strategic plans.
Temporal comparison of radiological and functional outcomes in calcaneal fracture surgery with and without iliac crest graft application: Mid- to long-term results
Authors: Polat Enes , Afacan Muhammed Yusuf , Karaismailoglu Bedri , Botanlioglu Huseyin , Seker Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The standard approach for addressing intra-articular calcaneal fractures involves open reduction with plate and screw fixation, with ongoing discourse regarding the application of grafts to address bone gaps. The aim of this study is the temporal comparison of the radiological and functional outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for intra-articular calcaneal fractures, with a specific focus on the use of bone grafts.

Methods
Thirty patients, comprising 13 with iliac grafts and 17 without, were enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included Gissane and Böhler angles, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot scale, and Kellgreen-Lawrance subtalar arthrosis stages. The average follow-up period was 6.7 years, ranging from a minimum of 3.5 to a maximum of 10 years.

Results
The Böhler angle exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001), while the Gissane angle did not show significant changes in the early postoperative period across the entire study group (p = 0.1). Graft-treated patients demonstrated a significantly higher Böhler angle in the early and late postoperative periods compared to preoperative values (p = 0.04, p = 0.05). Similarly, patients without grafts exhibited a significantly higher Böhler angle in the early and late postoperative periods compared to preoperative values (p = 0.004, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between periods in Gissane measurements (p = 0.3), VAS scores, AOFAS scores, and the development of subtalar arthrosis in both grafted and non-grafted patients.

Conclusions
Evaluation of patients with calcaneal fractures, both with and without grafts, was conducted using Böhler and Gissane angles, VAS scores, AOFAS scores, and the development of fracture union and subtalar arthrosis, assessing preoperative, early, and late postoperative periods. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes during mid-to long-term follow-up.

Level of evidence
A retrospective cohort study.
Energie und Verletzungspotenzial von gezielt aus einem Fahrzeug abgeworfenen Steinen nach Durchschlag durch eine Pkw-Windschutzscheibe
Authors: Münnich G. , Graw M. , Adamec J. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Wir berichten aus Anlass eines Strafverfahrens über Versuche und deren biomechanische Bewertung hinsichtlich des möglichen Verletzungspotenzials von Steinen, welche vorsätzlich im Begegnungsverkehr auf entgegenkommende Fahrzeuge geworfen werden und nach Durchschlag der Windschutzscheibe Personen im Fahrzeuginneren treffen können. Durch Versuche im Realmaßstab konnten konkrete Werte für mögliche verbleibende kinetische Energien der etwa pflaumengroßen, bis zu 100 g schweren Steine nach Windschutzscheibendurchschlag gewonnen werden. Es zeigte sich bei den vorliegenden Gegebenheiten, dass die Restenergie des Steins im Fahrzeuginnenraum im ungünstigen Fall noch so hoch sein kann, dass Schädelfrakturen und entsprechende interkraniale Verletzungen entstehen können.
Poly ADP‐ribosylation regulates Arc expression and promotes adaptive stress-coping
Authors: Dahan Eliyahu , Pergamenshik Leah , Taub Tze’ela , Vovk Arthur , Manier Jade , Avneri Raphael , Lax Elad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Rationale
Rapid adaptation to stressful events is essential for survival and requires acute stress response and stress-coping strategy. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern this coping strategy have yet to be fully discovered.

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the effects of poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) on stress-coping strategies following acute stress and to identify the target genes influenced by Parp1-induced histone PARylation.

Methods
Mice were subjected to a forced swim test, a well-established acute stress paradigm, to evaluate cortical PARylation and assess the expression of activity-dependent genes. The pharmacological inhibition of Parp1 was conducted using ABT888 (Veliparib) to determine its effects on stress-coping behavior and related molecular changes.

Results
The forced swim test increased cortical PARylation and upregulated the expression of activity-dependent genes. Systemic inhibition of Parp1 with ABT888 led to impaired stress-coping behavior, evidenced by a reduced immobility response during a subsequent forced swim test done 24 hours later. This impairment was associated with decreased chromatin PARylation and histone H4 acetylation at the Arc promoter and reduced Arc expression observed one hour after Parp1 inhibition.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that chromatin PARylation at the Arc promoters regulates histone H4 acetylation and Arc gene expression, and a subsequent impact on successful stress-coping behavior in response to acute stress.
A Novel Application of In Situ Block Size Distribution and Shape Classification in Dimension Stone Quarries
Authors: Taboni Battista , Ferrero Anna Maria , Umili Gessica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The connection between rock mechanics and the world of mines and quarries is evident, as most primary resources needed by industry are concentrated in mineral deposits, often in rock masses. This can be seen at all levels, from the design phase to running the extraction process and providing protection to workers. Equally important is the optimization of the process, to enhance cost-effectiveness and reduce impact on the environment. A rock mass is characterized by blocks identified by discontinuities. It is, thus, useful to exploit the fragmented nature of the rock mass to optimize the excavation process. In the case of dimension stone quarries, the role of rock mechanics is even more evident as the precise and accurate knowledge of the features of the target rock mass is a fundamental requirement. The assessment of the block size distribution influences the feasibility of the operation and allows to identify a suitable and advantageous size for the extraction process. The orientation of the joints directly impacts the direction of excavation and the geometry of the fronts in terms of stability and productivity. The present work focuses on assessing the geometrical properties of a rock mass, namely block size and shape, aimed at optimizing the design and extraction process of a dimension stone quarry. For this purpose, a novel application of the In situ Block Size Distribution (IBSD) and shape distribution approach to dimension stones quarries is discussed. A robust statistical analysis of the rock mass geometric properties is coupled with the IBSD approach to block size and a new shape classification system. A set of synthetic data will then be employed to present a general case study, while a suitable case study is presented, describing the context of a real marble quarry (Lorgino quarry, Crevoladossola, Piemonte, Northern Italy) where the discussed approach could yield positive results.
A method for mimicking tumour tissue in brain ex-vivo ultrasound for research application and clinical training
Authors: Weld Alistair , Dixon Luke , Anichini Giulio , Faoro Giovanni , Menciassi Arianna , Camp Sophie , Giannarou Stamatia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative ultrasound is becoming a common tool in neurosurgery. However, effective simulation methods are limited. Current, commercial, and homemade phantoms lack replication of anatomical correctness and texture complexity of brain and tumour tissue in ultrasound images.

Methods
We utilise ex-vivo brain tissue, as opposed to synthetic materials, to achieve realistic echogenic complexity and anatomical correctness. Agar, at 10–20% concentrate, is injected into brain tissue to simulate the tumour mass. A commercially available phantom was purchased for benchmarking.

Results
Qualitative analysis is performed by experienced professionals, measuring the impact of the addition of agar and comparing it to the commercial phantom. Overall, the use of ex vivo tissue was deemed more accurate and representative, compared to the synthetic materials-based phantom, as it provided good visualisation of real brain anatomy and good contrast within tissue. The agar tumour correctly produced a region of higher echogenicity with slight diffusion along the margin and expected interaction with the neighbouring anatomy.

Conclusion
The proposed method for creating tumour-mimicking tissue in brain tissue is inexpensive, accurate, and simple. Beneficial for both the trainee clinician and the researcher. A total of 576 annotated images are made publicly available upon request.
The incidence of vascular injuries in patients with negative cervical computed tomography (CT) following blunt trauma
Authors: Aslan Assala , Eskew Joseph , Zaheri Spencer , Arceneaux Ridge , Field Elizabeth , Thibodeaux Elise , Roque Morgan , De Alba Luis , Arevalo Octavio , Cuellar Hugo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Computed tomography (CT) angiography is commonly utilized to quickly identify vascular injuries caused by blunt cervical trauma. It is often conducted alongside a cervical spine CT, based on established criteria. This study assessed the prevalence of cervical vascular injuries identified via CT angiography (CTA) in patients who had negative findings on cervical CT scans.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study was performed on patients who experienced blunt trauma from January 2020 to December 2022 and underwent both cervical CT and CTA. The sample size was determined using the formula: n = (Z^2 * P * (1 - P)) / E^2, assuming a 99% confidence interval, a 2% margin of error, and a proportion of 0.05.

Results
A total of 1,165 patients presented with acute blunt trauma to the head and neck during the study period. Out of those, 800 patients (68.7%) had negative cervical CT scans and only 5 patients (0.6%) were found to have vascular injuries on CTA, with an average age of 44.2 years. Regarding the severity of the injuries, three were classified as grade I and two as grade II. On the other hand, of the 365 patients with positive cervical CT, 44 patients (12%) had vascular injury on CTA, including 16 patients (4.5%) with grades III and IV injuries.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that CTA in patients with negative cervical CT scans seldom reveals vascular injuries, with no injuries exceeding grade II. This highlights the selective utility of CTA in this patient group.