bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining exotic compact stars composed of bosonic and fermionic dark matter with gravitational wave events
Authors: Wystub Stephan , Dengler Yannick , Christian Jan-Erik , Schaffner-Bielich Jürgen 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigate neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) merger candidates as a test for compact exotic objects. Using the events GW190814, GW200105, and GW200115 measured by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, which represent a broad profile of the masses in the NS mass spectrum; we demonstrate the constraining power for the parameter spaces of compact stars consisting of dark matter for future measurements. We consider three possible cases of dark matter stars: self-interacting, purely bosonic or fermionic dark matter stars, stars consisting of a mixture of interacting bosonic and fermionic matter as well as the limiting case of self-bound stars. We find that the scale of those hypothetical objects are dominated by the one of the strong interaction. The presence of fermionic dark matter requires a dark matter particle of the GeV mass scale, while the bosonic dark matter particle mass can be arbitrarily large or small. In the limiting case of a self-bound constant speed of sound parametrization, we find that the vacuum energy of those configurations has to be similar to the one of QCD.
Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies – X. Sulphur abundance estimates
Authors: Dors Oli L , Valerdi M , Riffel R A , Riffel R , Cardaci M V , Hägele G F , Armah Mark , Revalski M , Flury S R , Freitas-Lemes P , Amôres E B , Krabbe A C , Binette L , Feltre A , Storchi-Bergmann T 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
For the first time, the sulphur abundance relative to hydrogen (S/H) in the narrow-line regions of a sample of Seyfert 2 nuclei (Sy 2s) has been derived via direct estimation of the electron temperature. Narrow emission-line intensities from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 17 (DR17) [in the wavelength range 3000 &lt; λ(Å) &lt; 9100] and from the literature for a sample of 45 nearby (z &lt; 0.08) Sy 2s were considered. Our direct estimates indicate that Sy 2s have similar temperatures in the gas region where most of the $\rm S\rm ^{+}$ ions are located in comparison with that of star-forming regions (SFs). However, Sy 2s present higher temperature values (${\sim} 10\, 000$ K) in the region where most of the $\rm S\rm ^{2+}$ ions are located relative to that of SFs. We derive the total sulphur abundance in the range of $6.2 \: \lesssim 12+\log (\rm S/H) \: \lesssim \: 7.5$, corresponding to 0.1–1.8 times the solar value. These sulphur abundance values are lower by ∼0.4 dex than those derived in SFs with similar metallicity, indicating a distinct chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium (ISM) for these object classes. The sulphur abundance relative to oxygen (S/O) values for our Sy 2 sample present an abrupt (∼0.5 dex) decrease with increasing oxygen abundance relative to hydrogen (O/H) for the high-metallicity regime [$\rm 12+\log (O/H) \: \gtrsim 8.7)$], what is not seen for the SFs. However, when our Sy 2 estimates are combined with those from a large sample of SFs, we did not find any dependence between S/O and O/H.
A precise blue-optical transmission spectrum from the ground: evidence for haze in the atmosphere of WASP-74b
Authors: Spyratos Petros , Nikolov Nikolay K , Constantinou Savvas , Southworth John , Madhusudhan Nikku , Sedaghati Elyar , Ehrenreich David , Mancini Luigi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We report transmission spectroscopy of the bloated hot Jupiter WASP-74b in the wavelength range from 4000 to 6200 Å. We observe two transit events with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) Focal Reducer and Spectrograph and present a new method to measure the exoplanet transit depth as a function of wavelength. The new method removes the need for a reference star in correcting the spectroscopic light curves for the impact of atmospheric extinction. It also provides improved precision, compared to other techniques, reaching an average transit depth uncertainty of 211 ppm for a solar-type star of V = 9.8 mag and over wavelength bins of 80 Å. The VLT transmission spectrum is analysed both individually and in combination with published data from Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer. The spectrum is found to exhibit a mostly featureless slope and equilibrium chemistry retrievals with platon favour hazes in the upper atmosphere of the exoplanet. Free chemistry retrievals with aura further support the presence of hazes. While additional constraints are possible depending on the choice of atmospheric model, they are not robust and may be influenced by residual systematics in the data sets. Our results demonstrate the utility of new techniques in the analysis of optical, ground-based spectroscopic data and can be highly complementary to follow-up observations in the infrared with JWST.
Modelling of the processes of dunes formation on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Wesołowski Marcin 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe paper discusses selected mechanisms that can significantly contribute to the formation of dune structures on the surface of comets. In these considerations, mechanisms related to the dynamics of dust on the surface of the nucleus were taken into account. In the first step, the maximum dimensions of particles that can be entrained into the cometary atmosphere as a result of local sublimation of water ice have been determined. Then, three processes related to the movement of dust on the surface of the comet nucleus were considered, such as dust migration, a landslide that can turn into a local avalanche, and fluidization of unstable dust. The thermodynamic process responsible for initiating these mechanisms is ice sublimation. These mechanisms cause the dust to move by liquefaction of the given layer. Due to the complex and regular structure of a cometary nucleus, moving dust can suddenly stop flowing. For individual mechanisms responsible for the formation of dune structures, the maximum angular width for a given particle, particle mobility coefficient, and static fluidization pressure were determined. It should be noted that in those parts of the comet nucleus that are illuminated by the Sun, these mechanisms can occur almost simultaneously, leading to the formation of dune structures by piling up particles.
A better way to define dark matter haloes
Authors: García Rafael , Salazar Edgar , Rozo Eduardo , Adhikari Susmita , Aung Han , Diemer Benedikt , Nagai Daisuke , Wolfe Brandon 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Dark matter haloes have long been recognized as one of the fundamental building blocks of large-scale structure formation models. Despite their importance – or perhaps because of it! – halo definitions continue to evolve towards more physically motivated criteria. Here, we propose a new definition that is physically motivated, effectively unique, and parameter-free: ‘A dark matter halo is comprised of the collection of particles orbiting in their own self-generated potential’. This definition is enabled by the fact that, even with as few as ≈300 particles per halo, nearly every particle in the vicinity of a halo can be uniquely classified as either orbiting or infalling based on its dynamical history. For brevity, we refer to haloes selected in this way as physical haloes. We demonstrate that (1) the mass function of physical haloes is Press–Schechter, provided the critical threshold for collapse is allowed to vary slowly with peak height; and (2) the peak-background split prediction of the clustering amplitude of physical haloes is statistically consistent with the simulation data, with accuracy no worse than ≈5 per cent.
Phase II multicenter trial combining nivolumab and radiosurgery for NSCLC and RCC brain metastases
Authors: Wong Philip , Masucci Laura , Florescu Marie , Plourde Marc-Emile , Panet-Raymond Valerie , Pavic Michel , Owen Scott , Masson-Coté Laurence , Ménard Cynthia , Routy Bertrand , Tehfe Mustapha , Nelson Kristoff , Guilbert Francois , Boucher Olivier , Keshavarzi Sareh , Blais Normand , Roberge David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnti-PD-1 has activity in brain metastases (BM). This phase II open labeled non-randomized single arm trial examined the safety and efficacy of combining nivolumab with radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of patients with BM from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).MethodsThis was a multicenter trial (NCT02978404) in which patients diagnosed with NSCLC or RCC, having ≤ 10 cc of un-irradiated BM and no prior immunotherapy were eligible. Nivolumab (240 mg or 480 mg IV) was administered for up to 2 years until progression. SRS (15–21 Gy) to all un-irradiated BM was delivered within 14 days after the first dose of nivolumab. The primary endpoint was intracranial progression free survival (iPFS).ResultsTwenty-six patients (22 NSCLC and 4 RCC) were enrolled between August 2017 and January 2020. A median of 3 (1–9) BM were treated with SRS. Median follow-up was 16.0 months (0.43–25.9 months). Two patients developed nivolumab and SRS related grade 3 fatigue. One-year iPFS and OS were 45.2% (95% CI 29.3–69.6%) and 61.3% (95% CI 45.1–83.3%), respectively. Overall response (partial or complete) of SRS treated BM was attained in 14 out of the 20 patients with ≥1 evaluable follow-up MRI. Mean FACT-Br total scores were 90.2 at baseline and improved to 146.2 within 2–4 months (P = .0007).ConclusionsThe adverse event profile and FACT-Br assessments suggested that SRS during nivolumab was well tolerated. Upfront SRS with the initiation of anti-PD-1 prolonged the 1-year iPFS and achieved high intracranial control. This combined approach merits validation randomized studies.
cis-Golgi phosphate transporters harboring an EXS domain are essential for plant growth and development
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Fang , Suslov Dmitry , Espen Luca , Schiavone Marion , Rautengarten Carsten , Griess-Osowski Annika , Voiniciuc Catalin , Poirier Yves 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCell wall synthesis and protein glycosylation require the import of nucleotide diphosphate–sugar conjugates into the Golgi that must be counterbalanced by phosphate (Pi) export. Numerous Golgi nucleotide-sugar transporters have been characterized, but transporters mediating Golgi Pi export remain poorly understood. We used plant and yeast genetics to characterize the role of 2 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins possessing an EXS domain, namely ERD1A and ERD1B, in Golgi Pi homeostasis. ERD1A and ERD1B localized in cis-Golgi and were broadly expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. We identified ERD1 putative orthologs in algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Expressing ERD1A and ERD1B in yeast complemented the erd1 mutant phenotype of cellular Pi loss via exocytosis associated with reduced Golgi Pi export. The Arabidopsis erd1a mutant had a similar phenotype of apoplastic Pi loss dependent on exocytosis. ERD1A overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis led to partial mislocalization of ERD1A to the plasma membrane and specific Pi export to the apoplastic space. Arabidopsis erd1a had defects in cell wall biosynthesis, which were associated with reduced shoot development, hypocotyl growth, cell wall extensibility, root elongation, pollen germination, pollen tube elongation, and fertility. We identified ERD1 proteins as Golgi Pi exporters that are essential for optimal plant growth and fertility.
Evolution-inspired engineering of anthracycline methyltransferases
Authors: Dinis Pedro , Tirkkonen Heli , Wandi Benjamin Nji , Siitonen Vilja , Niemi Jarmo , Grocholski Thadée , Metsä-Ketelä Mikko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Streptomyces soil bacteria produce hundreds of anthracycline anticancer agents with a relatively conserved set of genes. This diversity depends on the rapid evolution of biosynthetic enzymes to acquire novel functionalities. Previous work has identified S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase-like proteins that catalyze 4-O-methylation, 10-decarboxylation, or 10-hydroxylation, with additional differences in substrate specificities. Here we focused on four protein regions to generate chimeric enzymes using sequences from four distinct subfamilies to elucidate their influence in catalysis. Combined with structural studies we managed to depict factors that influence gain-of-hydroxylation, loss-of-methylation, and substrate selection. The engineering expanded the catalytic repertoire to include novel 9,10-elimination activity, and 4-O-methylation and 10-decarboxylation of unnatural substrates. The work provides an instructive account on how the rise of diversity of microbial natural products may occur through subtle changes in biosynthetic enzymes.
Genetic predisposition to female infertility in relation to epithelial ovarian and endometrial cancers
Authors: Fan Zhipeng , Song Hongfei , Yuan Rongli , Peng Yangzhi , Jiang Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe associations between female infertility and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or endometrial cancer (EC) have been reported in observational studies, but its causal relationship remains unknown. We intended to assess the causal effect of female infertility on EOCs and ECs using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.MethodsLarge pooled genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for female infertility (6481 cases and 68 969 controls), EOC (25 509 cases and 40 941 controls), and EC (12 906 cases and 108 979 controls) were derived from public GWAS databases and published studies. The Inverse Variance Weighted method, Weighted Median method, MR-Egger regression, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier test were adopted for MR analyses.ResultsOur results suggested that genetically predicted infertility was positively associated with the risk of EOC (OR = 1.117, 95% CI = 1.003–1.245, P = .045), but did not find a causal relationship between infertility and EC (OR = 1.081, 95% CI = 0.954–1.224, P = .223). As to the reverse direction, our study did not obtain evidence from genetics that EOCs (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.825–1.150, P = .755) and ECs (OR = 1.039, 95% CI = 0.917–1.177, P = .548) were associated with an increased risk of infertility.ConclusionsThis large MR analysis supported a causal association between female infertility and increased risk of EOCs, but did not find a causal relationship between infertility and ECs.
Relationships Between Burnout and Resilience: Experiences of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roundy Preston E , Stearns Zachary R , Willis Michael W , Blevins Joshua J , Linton Travis A , Medlin Thomas R , Winger Joseph G , Dorfman Caroline S , Shelby Rebecca A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Research on burnout among physical therapists and occupational therapists in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is limited. Resilience may be important for reducing burnout and promoting well-being among rehabilitation specialists, especially during periods of elevated occupational demand and stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate experiences of burnout, COVID-19 pandemic–related distress, and resilience among physical therapists and occupational therapists during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Physical therapists and occupational therapists working in a university-affiliated health system were invited to complete an online survey assessing burnout, COVID-19 pandemic–related distress, state- and trait-like resilience, physical activity, sleep disturbance, and financial concerns. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine variables associated with burnout as well as the contribution of specific aspects of resilience to burnout.

Results
Greater COVID-19 pandemic–related distress was associated with greater emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, whereas state-like resilience at work was associated with lower emotional exhaustion, greater personal accomplishment, and lower depersonalization. Analyses examining the impact of specific components of resilience at work suggested that several components are associated with less burnout, with finding one’s calling being particularly relevant for all 3 domains of burnout.

Conclusion
Symptoms of burnout were reported by many physical therapists and occupational therapists. COVID-19–related distress and state-like resilience at work, particularly the perception of finding one’s calling, emerged as consistently being associated with burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact
These findings can inform the development of interventions to reduce burnout among physical therapists and occupational therapists amid the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
SPACs
Authors: Gahng Minmo , Ritter Jay R , Zhang Donghang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Going public by merging with a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) is much more expensive than conducting a traditional IPO. We rationalize why some companies merge with a SPAC by listing the potential benefits. We analyze the agency problems that certain SPAC features address. SPAC IPO investors and deal sponsors have earned remarkably high annualized average returns, although we warn that recent deals are likely to disappoint. Public investors in the merged companies have earned very low market-adjusted returns on an equally weighted basis, although high redemptions on the worst deals have limited the amount of money that they lost.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
The Variance Risk Premium in Equilibrium Models
Authors: Bekaert Geert , Engstrom Eric , Ermolov Andrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The equity variance risk premium is the expected compensation earned for selling variance risk in equity markets. The variance risk premium is positive and shows only moderate persistence. High variance risk premiums coincide with the left tail of the consumption growth distribution shifting down. These facts, together with risk-neutral skewness being substantially more negative than physical return skewness, refute the bulk of the extant consumption-based asset pricing models. We introduce a tractable habit model that does fit the data. In the model, the variance risk premium depends positively (or negatively) on “bad” (or “good”) consumption growth uncertainty.
Everything but the Marriage Certificate: Unmarried Partners in Norwegian Immigration Regulation
Authors: Staver Anne Balke , Eggebø Helga 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pandemic border closures separated previously transnational couples, including unmarried partners, revealing under-researched forms of transnational family life. From this point of departure, we reexamine Norwegian family immigration regulation for unmarried partners from the 1980s onwards. Societal norms around coupledom have shifted toward Giddens’s “pure relationship.” Yet, immigration regulations have focused on “problematic marriages,” such as forced marriages or marriages of convenience. While unmarried partners have a right to family reunification after two years’ cohabitation, this requires prior permission to live in the same country. We investigate three sites of contestation where appeals are made to intimacy norms: The Liberal party’s “love visa” proposal, sponsors’ statements in case files, and protests from same-sex couples. Even in “cohabitation land,” these appeals ultimately come up against immigration control. This investigation contributes to the literatures on the transformation of intimacy and family migration; in particular, immigration regulation for unmarried same- and opposite-sex partners.
LoRaD: Marginal likelihood estimation with haste (but no waste)
Authors: Wang Yu-Bo , Milkey Analisa , Li Aolan , Chen Ming-Hui , Kuo Lynn , Lewis Paul O 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Lowest Radial Distance (LoRaD) method is a modification of the recently introduced Partition-Weighted Kernel method for estimating the marginal likelihood of a model, a quantity important for Bayesian model selection. For analyses involving a fixed tree topology, LoRaD improves upon the Steppingstone or Thermodynamic Integration (Path Sampling) approaches now in common use in phylogenetics because it requires sampling only from the posterior distribution, avoiding the need to sample from a series of ad hoc power posterior distributions, and yet is more accurate than other fast methods such as the Generalized Harmonic Mean (GHM) method. We show that the method performs well in comparison to the Generalized Steppingstone method on an empirical fixed-topology example from molecular phylogenetics involving 180 parameters. The LoRaD method can also be used to obtain the marginal likelihood in the variable-topology case if at least one tree topology occurs with sufficient frequency in the posterior sample to allow accurate estimation of the marginal likelihood conditional on that topology. [Bayesian; marginal likelihood; phylogenetics.]
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced pulmonary oxidative stress contributes to changes in the plasma lipidome and liver transcriptome in mice
Authors: Kurlawala Zimple , Singh Parul , Hill Bradford G , Haberzettl Petra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure increases the cardiovascular disease risk. Although the specific mechanisms remain elusive, it is thought that PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute to this pathogenesis. Our previous findings indicate that PM2.5 impairs vascular health via a circulating factor and that plasma lipid changes contribute to the observed vascular effects. In the current study, we extend on these findings by further characterizing PM2.5-induced changes in circulating lipids and examining whether the observed changes were accompanied by related alterations in the liver transcriptome. To address the role of pulmonary oxidative stress, we exposed wild-type (WT) mice and mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) in the lungs to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP, 9 days). We found that CAP decreased circulating complex lipids and increased free fatty acids and acylcarnitines in WT, but not ecSOD-Tg mice. These plasma lipid changes were accompanied by transcriptional changes in genes that regulate lipid metabolism (eg, upregulation of lipid biosynthesis, downregulation of mitochondrial/peroxisomal FA metabolism) in the liver. The CAP-induced changes in lipid homeostasis and liver transcriptome were accompanied by pulmonary but not hepatic oxidative stress and were largely absent in ecSOD-Tg mice. Our results suggest that PM2.5 impacts hepatic lipid metabolism; however, it remains unclear whether the transcriptional changes in the liver contribute to PM2.5-induced changes in plasma lipids. Regardless, PM2.5-induced changes in the plasma lipidome and hepatic transcriptome are, at least in part, mediated by pulmonary oxidative stress.
News from the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH)
Authors:   Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH)
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past year, the HCCH, supported by its Permanent Bureau, has continued its work for the progressive unification of the rules of private international law (PIL). This annual contribution to the Uniform Law Review provides an overview of the activities of the HCCH from 1 November 2021 to 30 November 2022 and anticipates some upcoming events, encompassing the HCCH’s three main areas of work: international family and child protection law, transnational litigation and apostille, and international commercial, digital, and financial law.