bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into physical activity promotion among Australian chiropractors: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Fernandez Matthew , de Luca Katie , Moore Craig , French Simon D , Ferreira Paulo , Swain Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background: Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, physical inactivity is presently a global health pandemic. Allied healthcare providers such as chiropractors knowingly recognise the importance of physical activity and are prepared to routinely discuss and/or counsel patients on this topic. Little however is known about Australian chiropractors in the physical activity setting. Our aim was to explore and identify factors associated with physical activity promotion among Australian chiropractors, including their knowledge of the physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines and their own levels of physical activity engagement.
Methods: From February to May 2021, a limited sample of Australian chiropractors completed an online survey. Items assessed by Likert scale included: physical activity promotion frequency, with the type, quantity, barriers, perceptions, and feasibility. Familiarity with and knowledge of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines, chiropractors’ own physical activity and whether they met activity guidelines was explored. Survey responses were descriptively reported. Univariable logistic regression models identified factors explaining frequent physical activity promotion.
Results: Of 217 respondents, 64% reported that they frequently (≥70%) recommended a more physically active lifestyle. Only 15% often performed pre-exercise screening, 73% frequently prescribed resistance exercise, 19% reported time as the most frequent barrier, while 37% reported being not at all familiar with the guidelines. Univariable logistic regression models found male chiropractors we more likely to promote physical activity, [odds ratio (OR)=2.33; CI: 1.32-4.12)], while chiropractors who frequently treat children 0-3 years (OR=0.5; CI: 0.28-0.87), children 4-18 years (OR=0.42; CI: 0.21-0.86), and pregnant women (OR=0.5; CI: 0.26-0.94) were least likely. Chiropractors were more likely to promote physical activity if they were familiar with the activity guidelines (OR=2.9; CI: 1.32-6.41), were confident promoting (OR=11.6; CI: 1.37-98.71) and prescribing physical activity programs (OR=4.5; CI: 2.03-9.99).
Conclusion:
One third of chiropractors reporting poor knowledge of the activity guidelines, yet most were confident, regularly integrating physical activity into practice. Identified barriers to promotion and implementing activity guideline knowledge for population groups should be further explored.
Spatially resolved multiomics on the neuronal effects induced by spaceflight
Authors: Masarapu Yuvarani , Cekanaviciute Egle , Andrusivova Zaneta , Westholm Jakub Orzechowski , Björklund Åsa , Fallegger Robin , Badia-i-Mompel Pau , Boyko Valery , Vasisht Shubha , Saravia-Butler Amanda , Gebre Samrawit , Lázár Enikö , Bergmann Olaf , Taylor Deanne , Wallace Douglas , Sylvén Christer , Rodriguez Julio Saez , Galazka Jonathan , Costes Sylvain , Giacomello Stefania 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) functions in astronauts is a major
health risk for long-duration space missions. Here, for the first time, we combine single-cell multiomics (transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility) and spatial transcriptomics analyses to discover spaceflight-mediated changes in the mouse brain. By comparing ground control and spaceflight animals, we found that the main processes affected by spaceflight include neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission in cortex, hippocampus, striatum and neuroendocrine structures as well as astrocyte activation and immune dysfunction. At the pathway level, spaceflight resembles neurodegenerative diseases with oxidative stress and protein misfolding components, such as in Parkinson’s disease. Our integrated spatial multiomics approach reveals both widespread and localized brain impairments and suggests key structures and mechanisms to be targeted for countermeasure development. All datasets can be mined through an interactive data portal as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) GeneLab repositories.
Diversity analysis, distribution and abundance of mosquito assemblages Diptera: Culicidae at urban sector from southwestern Colombia.
Authors: Bedoya-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Guevara-Fletcher Carlos Eduardo , Pelegrin-Ramírez Jonathan Steven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Culicidae family (mosquitoes) has great relevance worldwide, due to its involvement in the generation of several diseases. The department of Cauca in Colombia characterize as a region with influence of several vector-borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ecological diversity and distribution of mosquitoes with potential transmitters of diseases in a particular urban area of the municipality of Santander de Quilichao. This is one of the first studies of its kind in this municipally. Mosquito collections were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons of 2022, between 17:00 to 19:00. Morphological keys were used for species identification. For the analysis of diversity comparison vs. sampling points, Simpson's index was used, dendrogram, rarefaction curve and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). In the statistical analysis of species-abundances, ANOVA were applied to determine if there were significant differences regarding abundance. A total of 1116 culicid specimens were collected. The 59.4% were mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti, 18.5% Culex quinquefasciatus, 18.2% Aedes albopictus and 3.9% Psorophora ferox, being the rainy season important for their survival. ANOVA analysis showed that the mean abundance of Aedes aegypti was significantly different from the other species. This study is broadly consistent with other studies in the tropical American context where the abundance of Culicidae is more representative in the rainy season. The results suggest a wide presence of Aedes mosquitoes in natural and artificial habitats, showing the importance of establishing controls and permanent epidemiological surveillance in this region.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by Halomonas gomseomensis, an extreme halophilic bacterium, from different carbon sources
Authors: Cervantes-Uc Jose Manuel , Abreu-Castillo Ocandy , Benitez Jose Efrain Ramirez , Pereira Sara Elena Solis , Herrera Willbert , Bastarrachea Maria , Lizama Nadya , Ku Angela , Rincon Susana , Rivera Gerardo , Magaña Denis , Uc Gabriel Lizama 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization was performed on the JCCOL25.2 strain, isolated from hypersaline ponds located at Las Coloradas (Yucatan, Mexico). Accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in response to different carbon sources was evaluated. Characterization was carried out on the JCCOL25.2 strain of Halophilic Microorganism Library obtained from water samples from “Las Coloradas” saline ponds. PHA accumulation was determined by Nile red staining. Sequence analysis of the JCCOL25.2 16S rRNA gene revealed 99.9% identity with Halomonas gomseomensis. This bacterium exhibited PHA accumulation in broths containing sodium acetate, starch, sodium citrate, glucose, fructose, soybean oil, glycerol, or saccharose as a carbon source. Polyhydroxyalkanoates were purified and characterized by FTIR, DSC, and TGA, showing that poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was obtained in all treatments. Glycerol was the carbon source that gave the highest yield during PHA production in H. gomseomensis. The carbon source did not affect the chemical structure of the polymer biosynthesized by this bacterium. Although H. gomseomensis strains have been isolated from saline water in many countries to our knowledge, there are no reports on the biosynthesis of PHA’s from this species.
Peers in adolescence influence brain architecture, cognition and psychopathology
Authors: Liu Yu , Wu Xinran , Liu Zhaowen , Zhang Kai , Fan Huaxin , Peng Songjun , Gu Xinrui , Lian Zhengxu , Hu Yechen , Yang Senyou , Jiang Xi , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng , Sahakian Barbara , Robbins Trevor , Becker Benjamin , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The influence of peers is particularly strong during adolescence, however, its impacts on the functional and structural organization of the developing brain, cognition and psychopathological symptoms still remain unknown. Here, we capitalized on data from 6,064 pre-adolescents (mean age = 11.93 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) database, to determine associations between two distinct peer environments (proportion of prosocial or delinquent friends) and the structural and functional architecture of the brain, cognition, as well as behavioral and emotional dysregulation. A higher proportion of prosocial friends was associated with fewer behavioral problems and larger fronto-cingulo-insular regions characterized by a high density of serotonin receptors. In contrast, a higher proportion of delinquent friends was associated with increased behavioral and mental problems but lower neurocognitive performance and smaller posterior cingulate/precuneus, as well as decreased functional connectivity in default-mode and fronto-striato-limbic circuits characterized by high expression of dopamine receptors. Prosocial friends mediated the association between the volume of certain brain regions (e.g., rACC) and prodromal psychosis / behavioral inhibition, while delinquent friends mediated the relationship between fronto-striato-limbic connectivity and behavioral problems. Prosocial friends also attenuated the development of internalizing problems whereas delinquent friends promoted externalizing symptoms. These results underscore the critical importance of a positive adolescent peer environment to promote mental health and resilience, indicate a direct link between peer environment and adolescent neuro-maturational processes, and suggest a holistic approach to healthy brain development and early interventions during adolescence.
Development and characterization of an active biodegradable Tara gum film incorporated with Lavandula angustifolia essential oil
Authors: Hosseini Ahmad Reza , Zahabi Nafiseh , Pazhouhandeh Fahimeh , Sharif Farzaneh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to develop Tara gum (TG)-based films incorporated with Lavender essential oil (LEO) at different concentrations (5%-20% (w/w)) to enhance the properties of the films. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate as the major compounds in LEO. SEM micrographs showed the highest homogeneity in the film containing 5% (w/w) LEO, and CLSM images revealed the even distribution of LEO within the films. FTIR spectra demonstrated intermolecular interactions between TG and LEO, as evidenced by a new peak at 1458 cm− 1 in the LEO-loaded films. The addition of LEO resulted in a significant decrease in water content (WC) and water solubility (WS) of the films, while thickness, contact angle (CA), opacity, water vapor permeability (WVP), and oxygen permeability (OP) increased. The TG-LEO films exhibited higher elongation at break (EB) and lower Young’s modulus (YM). Additionally, LEO positively affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the films. Overall, the results authenticated the hypothesis of this study and indicated that TG-LEO films have great potential as biodegradable films with promising functionalities for food packaging applications.
Causal relationship between autism spectrum disorder and inflammatory bowel disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization Study
Authors: Li weilin , he xiaoyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Nie Duorui , Zhang Tao , Tan Chao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in observational researches. However, the potential causal link between them has received little attention. In this study, we used a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal relationship between ASD and IBD and its main subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Independent genetic instruments from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IBD were used to investigate the association with ASD from the PGC and the iPSYCH consortia. The primary analysis was performed using random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW). To verify the robustness of the MR results, we performed a series of sensitivity analyses including Egger intercept test, the Cochran Q test, and leave-one-out analysis. We discovered that a genetic predisposition to total IBD was linked to an increased incidence of ASD. In subtype analyses CD was positively related to ASD, however UC was not. In contrast, ASD was not associated with IBD as a whole as well as both subtypes (P > 0.05). These findings support the clinical need for screening ASD in patients with IBD.
Evaluating different factors affecting nesting patterns of European and Algerian hedgehogs in urban and sub-urban environments
Authors: Gago Héctor Bellido , Drechsler Robby M. , Monrós Juan S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Animals in urban environments are confronted with a high degree of habitat fragmentation. Small more natural or undisturbed areas embedded within the urban matrix serve as important refuges for wildlife. Hedgehogs are known to inhabit such areas, however, many unknowns remain when considering the effect of urbanization on certain biological aspects, like nesting behaviour. Thus, we captured and tracked the movement of 72 male hedgehogs of two coexisting species: the Algerian and the European Hedgehog. The study was carried out in two distinct study sites in the municipality of Valencia (eastern Spain). We recorded every nest the individuals visited, a total of 318. We distinguished six macrohabitat types and five subhabitat types. In each case, we analysed the proportions of macro and subhabitats the nests were found in by calculating a resource selection function and fitting GLMs. We also analysed the distances between nests fitting a GLM. Our results indicate that hedgehog nests clearly tend to concentrate in areas with low human disturbance and that nests are preferably build in hedges or under bush-like vegetation. In general we did not find significant differences between species or other groupings we considered. We also found that, in the more urbanized study area, nests were closer together and distributed around scarcely found suitable habitat patches. Our results suggest that hedgehog conservation in urban environments can be improved by a correct management of forest patches, conserving bush-like vegetation and improving the connectivity between suitable patches with ecological corridors.
Friction and corrosion properties of phytic acid ionic liquid-water mixtures
Authors: Zheng Dongdong , Zhuang Wenchang , Su Tong , Gao Meihua , Zhang Tiansu , Zhao Qin , Liu Zhongguo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study involved the preparation of mixtures of phytic acid ionic liquid and water, which were analyzed for their rheological, frictional, and electrochemical properties. The viscosity and friction characteristics of the mixtures are significantly affected by the water content. Mixtures with low water content (below 30%) result in low friction and negligible wear because of the generation of a close adsorption film and high viscosity. Especially, steel tribo-pairs lubricated with mixtures containing 25% water exhibited friction coefficients lower than 0.06. However, when the water content exceeds 35%, the friction coefficient increases dramatically, and the tribo-surface suffers from severe corrosive wear due to the predominance of the tribo-film in the frictional properties. These results were confirmed through XPS and electrochemical testing.
Dating Ancient Splits in Phylogenetic Trees, with Application to the Human-Neanderthal Split
Authors: Hallak Keren Levinstein , Rosset Saharon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background. We tackle the problem of estimating species divergence times, given a genome sequence from each species and a large known phylogenetic tree with a known structure (typically from one of the species). The number of transitions at each site from the first sequence to the other is assumed to be Poisson distributed, and only the parity of the number of transitions is observed. The detailed phylogenetic tree contains information about the transition rates in each site. We use this formulation to develop and analyze multiple estimators of the divergence between the species. To test our methods, we use mtDNA substitution statistics from the well-established Phylotree as a baseline for data simulation such that the substitution rate per site mimics the real-world observed rates.
Results. We evaluate our methods using simulated data and compare them to the Bayesian optimizing software BEAST2, showing that our proposed estimators are accurate for a wide range of divergence times and significantly outperform BEAST2. We then apply the proposed estimators on Neanderthal, Denisovan, and Chimpanzee mtDNA genomes to better estimate their TMRCA (Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor) with modern humans and find that their TMRCA is substantially later, compared to values cited recently in the literature.
Conclusions. Our methods utilize the transition statistics from the entire known human mtDNA phylogenetic tree (Phylotree), eliminating the requirement to reconstruct a tree encompassing the specific sequences of interest. Moreover, they demonstrate notable improvement in both running speed and accuracy compared to BEAST2, particularly for earlier divergence times like the human-Chimpanzee split. Our results date the human - Neanderthal divergence time to be ~408,000 years ago, considerably later than values cited in other recent studies.
Clinical Features and Visual Outcomes in Coats’ Disease in Mexican Population: a multicenter study
Authors: Carranza-Casas Mario , Astorga-Carballo Aline , Saucedo-Castillo Adriana , Ramirez-Neria Paulina , Juárez-Echenique Juan Carlos , Ramírez-Ortiz Marco A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To report clinical findings and final visual acuity outcomes in patients with Coats disease (CD) treated in central Mexico.
Methods
Retrospective case series analysis of CD patients recruited from five referral hospitals. Clinical characteristics that included age and symptoms at diagnosis, the area of retinal affected, treatment modalities and visual outcomes were recorded. Age of presentation and retinal zones involved were evaluated based on final visual outcomes.
Results
67 eyes (66 patients) with diagnosis of CD were identified. Male gender occurred in 81% and the right eye was affected in 55% of the cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 11 years (median 9.8, range 6 months to 65 years). Only 9 patients (13%) had initial visual acuity (VA) better than 1.3 logMAR. Twenty patients received more than one treatment modality and laser photocoagulation was the most widely used. Final VA was classified as blindness in 57 (85%) patients, and it was correlated with worse initial visual acuity (p = 0.005). Number and extension of affected retinal zones were not correlated with age of presentation or gender (p > 0.05). During a mean follow-up of 42 months (SD +/- 37.8), there was slight improvement in visual acuity after treatment in only three cases (4.5%).
Conclusion
Final visual acuity in almost all CD patients was severe visual impairment. Visual prognosis is poor and depends on stage, location of disease and age of presentation. New strategies for early CD diagnosis by novel methods are needed to improve visual outcomes in these patients.
Dissolved organic phosphorus enhances sinking rate of zinc-depleted Thalassiosira weissflogii
Authors: Li Jiandi , Wang Zhaofei , Yang Hang , Wang Zhenfeng , Liu Fengjiao , Cheng Xiaohuang , Huang Xuguang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is closely associated with diatom growth and silicification and also affects the utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by phytoplankton in the ocean. In this study, we investigated the effects of different phosphorus form (DOP, β-GLP; DIP, Na2HPO4 ) and Zn levels (Zn-depleted, 0.3 pmol L− 1; Zn-replete, 38.6 pmol L− 1) on the growth, physiology, cellular silica content and sinking rate of Thalassiosira weissflogi. The results showed that Zn limitation reduced the specific growth rate, Chl a concentration and ALP activity of T. weissflogii in DIP by 21.70%, 12.66% and 24.31%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, Zn limitation increased the cellular silicon, cellular silicon/biovolume (Si/V) and sinking rate of T. weissflogii in DIP by 59.00%, 93.22% and 49.94% respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, DOP significantly reduced the specific growth rate (7.18%, p < 0.05), enhanced ALP activity (62.80%, p < 0.05), and sinking rate (19.72%, p < 0.05) for Zn-depleted T. weissflogii, but had no significant effect on cellular Chl a concentration and cellular silicon. This study demonstrates that the growth rate, cellular silicon, biovolume and sinking rate of the diatom T. weissflogii were affected by both individual and combined changes in P forms and Zn levels. Furthermore, a high proportion of DOP in Zn-restricted oceans may enhance the sinking rate of the diatoms and alter the biochemical cycling of carbon and silica.
Smoke-charged vortex doubles hemispheric aerosol in the middle stratosphere and buffers ozone depletion
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Su Hang , Lelieveld Jos , Randel William , Yu Pengfei , Andreae Meinrat , Cheng Yafang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Australian mega-wildfires in the summer of 2019/20 injected smoke into the stratosphere, causing strong ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. Here, we model the smoke plume and reproduce its unexpected trajectory toward the middle stratosphere at ~35 km altitude. We show that a smoke-charged vortex (SCV) induced and maintained by absorbing aerosols played a key role in lofting pollutants from the lower stratosphere and nearly doubled the southern hemispheric aerosol burden in the middle stratosphere. The SCV caused a redistribution of stratospheric aerosols, which boosted heterogeneous chemistry in the middle stratosphere and enhanced ozone production, compensating up to 70% of the ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. As global warming continues, we expect a growing frequency and importance of SCVs in promoting the impacts of wildfires on stratospheric aerosols and chemistry.