bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural, photocatalytic, wettability and optical properties of TiO2 films on polymethyl methacrylate substrates
Authors: Hassaballa S , Aljabri A , Mohamed S H , Hadia N M A , Awad M A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
TiO2 thin films on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates were prepared on Al foils using reactive dc magnetron sputtering followed by transformation to the PMMA substrates via chemical method. The films were prepared at different temperature preparation routes of 100, 150 and 200 °C. XRD revealed the formation amorphous structure for films prepared at 150 °C and mixed anatase/rutile crystalline phases with rutile domination at higher-temperature preparation route of 150 and 200 °C. Amorphous or homogeneous and uniform nanoparticles morphologies with particle sizes depended on the temperature preparation route were obtained for the TiO2 films. The optical properties are affected strongly by the temperature preparation route. The optical band gap values increased from 3.05 eV to 3.47 eV with increasing the temperature preparation route from 100 °C to then to 200 °C, respectively. The higher refractive index and the lower extinction coefficient were obtained for the films prepared at 200 °C. The methylene blue underwent effective photodegradation and the hydrophilicity initiated upon UV illumination. The TiO2 film prepared at 200 °C has the highest decomposition efficiency for methylene blue and the lowest water contact angle.
Enhanced optical and electrical properties of narrow-bandgap cerium borate glasses and nanostructured glass-ceramics: influence of V2O5-incorporation
Authors: Ibrahim Ali M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Improvement of optical and electrical properties of borate glasses is a great demand for upgrading optoelectronic devices. Additionally, the transformation of borate glasses to nanostructured glass-ceramics endows them with outstanding beneficial properties to widen their application range. Herein, novel borate glass compositions are synthesized by the facile melt quenching method. The influences of V2O5-incorporation and nanocrystallization on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the investigated cerium borate glasses are studied. The heat-treatment process promotes the precipitation of CeO2 and VCeO4 nanocrystals in the glass network. Linear and high dependence of the band gap of the as-prepared glasses on the V2O5 concentration is observed. A narrow band gap (about 1.6), which lies in the range of ideal bandgaps for two-junction photovoltaic cell applications, is achieved. Strong absorption in the visible and/or UV regions is attained for the studied samples, which is beneficial to shield laser emissions (up to 794 nm) and/or protect against the hazard of UV radiation. High DC conductivity (about 3 × 10−6 S m−1) is approved for the glass sample containing V2O5 content of 10 mol%. The investigated glasses and nanostructured glass-ceramics are recommended as promising candidates for UV-protection Sunglasses, laser safety, visible light irradiation photocatalyst, and next-generation semiconductors.
ZnS nanoparticles: role of Ga3+ ions substitution on the structural, morphological, optical, and dielectric properties
Authors: Kapoor Anu , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Naveen , Bhardwaj Sumit , Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Vandana , Sharma JK 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to their dynamic features, nanoparticles of semiconductor materials have been created rapidly in the past few decades and are being investigated for potential uses in a variety of disciplines. The present study focuses on the substitution of Ga3+ ions in ZnS nanoparticles to modify their structural, morphological, compositional, optical, and dielectric properties. The Ga-doped (ZnS:Ga) nanoparticles for various Ga3+ ions concentrations (i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% & 12%) are synthesized using direct co-precipitation technique and utilizing precursor solutions of Zn(CH3COO)2, Na2S and Ga2(SO4)3 along with EDTA as a stabilizing agent. The structural analysis reveals that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a cubic crystal structure with high crystallinity and preferred (111) orientation. Fluctuations in different structural parameters have been noticed without any alteration in crystal structure after the substitution of Ga ions in ZnS matrix. The surface morphology exposes spherical-shaped ZnS:Ga nanoparticles whose compactness varies with doping concentrations. FT-IR and EDS spectra of the nanoparticles identify the presence of different functional groups and elements in the expected compositions. A blueshift in the absorption edge has been observed for all the concentrations of ZnS:Ga w.r.t. pristine ZnS indicating quantum confinement in the synthesized nanoparticles which further results in the broadening of optical bandgap in comparison to bulk value for ZnS. The room temperature dielectric measurements for ZnS:Ga nanoparticles show a high dielectric constant value up to doping level 8% beyond which it decreased. The ac conductivity values in this study varied from 10−4 Ω−1m−1 for pristine to 9.66 × 10−3 Ω−1m−1 for ZnS:Ga 12%.
Strength of the non-locality of two-qubit entangled states and its applications
Authors: Garg Anuma , Adhikari Satyabrata 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Non-locality is a feature of quantum mechanics that cannot be explained by local realistic theory. It can be detected by the violation of Bell’s inequality. In this work, we have considered the evaluation of Bell’s inequality with the help of the XOR game. In the XOR game, a two-qubit entangled state is shared between the two distant players. It may generate a non-local correlation between the players which contributes to the maximum probability of winning of the game. We have aimed to determine the strength of the non-locality through XOR game. Thus, we have defined a quantity S

NL
called the strength of non-locality, purely on the basis of the maximum probability of winning of the XOR game. We have also derived the relation between the introduced quantity S

NL
and the quantity M introduced in [R Horodecki, P Horodecki, and M Horodecki, (1995) Phys. Lett. A
200, 340.], to study the non-locality of a two-qubit entangled state problem in depth. The quantity M may be defined as the sum of the two largest eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of the given entangled state and it determines whether the given entangled state under probe is non-local. Further, we have explored the non-locality of any two-qubit entangled state, whose non-locality cannot be detected by the CHSH inequality. Interestingly, we have found that the newly defined quantity S

NL
fails to detect non-locality for the entangled state, when the witness operator corresponding to CHSH operator cannot detect the entangled state. To overcome this problem, we have modified the definition of the strength of non-locality and have shown that the modified definition may detect the non-locality of such entangled states, which were earlier undetected by S

NL
. Furthermore, we have provided two applications of the strength S

NL
of the non-locality such as (i) establishment of a link between the two-qubit non-locality determined by S

NL
and the three-qubit non-locality determined by the Svetlichny operator and (ii) determination of the upper bound of the power of the controller in terms of S

NL
in controlled quantum teleportation.
Mechanical, optical, and lattice vibrational properties of gallium antimonide (GaSb) semiconductor under the influence of temperature
Authors: Al Maaitah Ibtisam F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have determined the optical, mechanical, and lattice dynamic features of the zinc-blende GaSb compound. It has been investigated how temperature affects longitudinal and transversal sound velocities, reflectivity, phonon frequencies, micro-hardness, and transverse effective charge. Additionally, the dependences of the effective charge, ionicity, bending, stretching force constants, susceptibility, Cauchy, and Born ratios on the temperature of zinc-blende GaSb material, have been calculated. The pseudo-potential method (EPM) has been used to perform the computations in this paper. Comparative analysis with the existing experiment and other theoretical calculations reveals a respectable degree of agreement.
Auditory nerve responses to combined optogenetic and electrical stimulation in chronically deaf mice
Authors: Ajay Elise A , Trang Ella P , Thompson Alexander C , Wise Andrew K , Grayden David B , Fallon James B , Richardson Rachael T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory nerve offers the ability to overcome the limitations of cochlear implants through spatially precise stimulation, but cannot achieve the temporal precision nor temporal fidelity required for good hearing outcomes. Auditory midbrain recordings have indicated a combined (hybrid) stimulation approach may permit improvements in the temporal precision without sacrificing spatial precision by facilitating electrical activation thresholds. However, previous research has been conducted in undeafened or acutely deafened animal models, and the impact of chronic deafness remains unclear. Our study aims to compare the temporal precision of auditory nerve responses to optogenetic, electrical, and combined stimulation in acutely and chronically deafened animals. Methods. We directly compare the temporal fidelity (measured as percentage of elicited responses) and precision (i.e. stability of response size and timing) of electrical, optogenetic, and hybrid stimulation (varying sub-threshold or supra-threshold optogenetic power levels combined with electrical stimuli) through compound action potential and single-unit recordings of the auditory nerve in transgenic mice expressing the opsin ChR2-H134R in auditory neurons. Recordings were conducted immediately or 2–3 weeks following aminoglycoside deafening when there was evidence of auditory nerve degeneration. Main results. Results showed that responses to electrical stimulation had significantly greater temporal precision than optogenetic stimulation (p < 0.001 for measures of response size and timing). This temporal precision could be maintained with hybrid stimulation, but only when the optogenetic stimulation power used was below or near activation threshold and worsened with increasing optical power. Chronically deafened mice showed poorer facilitation of electrical activation thresholds with concurrent optogenetic stimulation than acutely deafened mice. Additionally, responses in chronically deafened mice showed poorer temporal fidelity, but improved temporal precision to optogenetic and hybrid stimulation compared to acutely deafened mice. Significance. These findings show that the improvement to temporal fidelity and temporal precision provided by a hybrid stimulation paradigm can also be achieved in chronically deafened animals, albeit at higher levels of concurrent optogenetic stimulation levels.
Hyperuniform electron distributions on the Ammann-Beenker tiling
Authors: Sakai Shiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the electron charge distribution on a quasiperiodic tiling in terms of hyperuniformity. In an extended Hubbard model on the Ammann-Beenker tiling, the electron distribution changes significantly with the Fermi energy and electron-interaction strength. Unlike periodic systems, these changes are not characterized by translational-symmetry breaking. We show that the electron charge distribution is not characterized by multifractality, either. We find that the distribution is instead characterized by hyperuniformity of Class I.
Formation of 2/1 and 1/1 approximants in a quaternary Al–Pd–Au–Yb system
Authors: So Y G , Katagiri A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, 2/1 and 1/1 approximants in a quaternary Al–Pd–Au–Yb system were synthesized by substituting Au into original Al–Pd–Yb quasicrystals. In the Al50Pd24Au10Yb16 and Al52Pd22Au10Yb16 alloys, 2/1 and 1/1 phases were formed, respectively, and the lattice constants were relatively small—2.314 and 1.431 nm for the 2/1 and 1/1 phases, respectively. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed that both approximants comprise Tsai-type atomic clusters. Inverse magnetic susceptibility for the approximants obeyed the Curie–Weiss law, indicating the presence of paramagnetism. The effective magnetic moments were estimated to be 3.20
μB
and 2.94
μB
for the 2/1 and 1/1 phases, respectively, indicating that Yb in both approximants adopts an intermediate valence state.
Dynamic sea-level changes and potential implications for storm surges in the UK: a storylines perspective
Authors: Bulgin Claire E , Mecking Jennifer V , Harvey Ben J , Jevrejeva Svetlana , McCarroll Niall F , Merchant Christopher J , Sinha Bablu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal sea-level rise caused by a warming climate increases flood risk from storm surge events for those who live in coastal and low-lying areas. Estimates of global thermosteric sea-level rises are well constrained by model projections, but local variability in dynamic sea-level arising from seasonal and interannual changes is less well characterised. In this paper we use satellite altimetry observations coupled with CMIP6 model projections to understand drivers of change in dynamic sea-level over the UK shelf seas. We find a northward shift in the atmospheric jet stream and a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to be the key drivers of local dynamic sea-level variability. Using a storyline approach to constrain climate system responses to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, we find that dynamic sea-level is predicted to rise between 15–39 cm by 2080–2099 along the east coast of England (ECE). Under a worst-case scenario, assuming maximum variability as seen in the CMIP6 projections, ECE dynamic sea-level rise could reach 58 cm by 2100. We illustrate the impact of this dynamic sea-level rise in addition to non-dynamic components on the risks posed by storm surge events in ECE using an idealised example. If a storm surge event of the magnitude of the one experienced in ECE on the 5th of December 2013 was to occur in 2100, an additional 1414 km2of land would potentially be affected in our worst-case idealised example, 22.4% of which can be attributed to dynamic sea-level rise.
Bioprinting of light-crosslinkable neutral-dissolved collagen to build implantable connective tissue with programmable cellular orientation
Authors: Guo Kai , Wang Heran , Li Song , Chang Peng , He Chaomiao , Sun Qian , Zheng Xiongfei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fabricating connective tissue with printing fidelity, structural stability, biocompatibility, and cellular orientation remains a challenge for bioink. Collagen, as inherent fibers to provide strength in vivo, should be the ideal material for tissue printing. However, current collagen-bioink exhibits poor printability and mechanical properties. Here, the light-crosslinkable norbornene-collagen (NorCol) is developed to solve this dilemma. NorCol with complete collagen structure exhibits outstanding shear-thinning properties and light-crosslinking strength, realizing the construction of complicated constructs with excellent printing fidelity and structural stability. Neutral-dissolved NorCol with different concentrations is directly integrated to print pure collagen structure with composite modulus, providing top-class biocompatibility that mimics the heterogeneous microarchitecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This composite structure also permits extensive infiltration of host tissue and capillaries during subcutaneous transplants. By the designed tight interface of printed filaments, a geometric-guided and modulus-independent anisotropic mechanical environment is constructed, realizing cellular orientation. Furthermore, the cellular orientation is in the same direction as the printed high-concentration NorCol, which is the same case of cells and collagen fibers in vivo. This capability of NorCol breaks new ground for printing pure ECM protein-based, implantable and functional constructs, applicable in connective tissue engineering for human applications.
Conciliar ‘hermeneutics’: making sense of the debates over Vatican II
Authors: Blanchard Shaun , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fifty-five years on, the authentic meaning and legacy of Vatican II are deeply contested subjects. This final chapter narrates how these debates began immediately after the Council (e.g. the ‘spirit’ vs the ‘letter’; the Lefebvrist schism; papal authority and Humanae Vitae) and have now matured into four main hermeneutical paradigms: (1) the Traditionalist Paradigm, (2) the Failure Paradigm, (3) the Spirit-Event Paradigm, and (4) the Text-Continuity Paradigm. Mainstream ecclesial discussion tends to focus on paradigms (3) and (4), but the first and fourth paradigms include many significant voices as well. Additionally, the interpretations of those outside the Catholic Church—especially Protestants and Jews—form significant strands of this complex story of reception. Key moments in the reception of Vatican II are profiled. The papacy of Benedict XVI, often identified as a period of conservative reaction, can be interpreted as the last conciliar pontificate, insofar as Joseph Ratzinger attended Vatican II and even helped author key documents (including Dei Verbum). Francis, on the other hand, is in a sense the first truly postconciliar pope—he not only did not attend the Council, but was ordained after its close (1967). Finally, we consider the extent to which Vatican II succeeded or failed in its mission, and how both the event of the Council and its texts continue to shape global Catholicism—now led by the first pope born outside of Europe in centuries—in profound ways.
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-Wide Cohort
Authors: Knapp Emily A , Kress Amii M , Parker Corette B , Page Grier P , McArthur Kristen , Gachigi Kennedy K , Alshawabkeh Akram N , Aschner Judy L , Bastain Theresa M , Breton Carrie V , Bendixsen Casper G , Brennan Patricia A , Bush Nicole R , Buss Claudia , Camargo, Jr. Carlos A , Catellier Diane , Cordero José F , Croen Lisa , Dabelea Dana , Deoni Sean , D’Sa Viren , Duarte Cristiane S , Dunlop Anne L , Elliott Amy J , Farzan Shohreh F , Ferrara Assiamira , Ganiban Jody M , Gern James E , Giardino Angelo P , Towe-Goodman Nissa R , Gold Diane R , Habre Rima , Hamra Ghassan B , Hartert Tina , Herbstman Julie B , Hertz-Picciotto Irva , Hipwell Alison E , Karagas Margaret R , Karr Catherine J , Keenan Kate , Kerver Jean M , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne , Lau Bryan , Lester Barry M , Leve Leslie D , Leventhal Bennett , LeWinn Kaja Z , Lewis Johnnye , Litonjua Augusto A , Lyall Kristen , Madan Juliette C , McEvoy Cindy T , McGrath Monica , Meeker John D , Miller Rachel L , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Neiderhiser Jenae M , O’Connor Thomas G , Oken Emily , O’Shea Michael , Paneth Nigel , Porucznik Christina A , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Schantz Susan L , Spindel Eliot R , Stanford Joseph B , Stroustrup Annemarie , Teitelbaum Susan L , Trasande Leonardo , Volk Heather , Wadhwa Pathik D , Weiss Scott T , Woodruff Tracey J , Wright Rosalind J , Zhao Qi , Jacobson Lisa P , Influences on Child Health Outcomes , on behalf of program collaborators for Environmental 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)-Wide Cohort Study (EWC), a collaborative research design comprising 69 cohorts in 31 consortia, was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2016 to improve children’s health in the United States. The EWC harmonizes extant data and collects new data using a standardized protocol, the ECHO-Wide Cohort Data Collection Protocol (EWCP). EWCP visits occur at least once per life stage, but the frequency and timing of the visits vary across cohorts. As of March 4, 2022, the EWC cohorts contributed data from 60,553 children and consented 29,622 children for new EWCP data and biospecimen collection. The median (interquartile range) age of EWCP-enrolled children was 7.5 years (3.7–11.1). Surveys, interviews, standardized examinations, laboratory analyses, and medical record abstraction are used to obtain information in 5 main outcome areas: pre-, peri-, and postnatal outcomes; neurodevelopment; obesity; airways; and positive health. Exposures include factors at the level of place (e.g., air pollution, neighborhood socioeconomic status), family (e.g., parental mental health), and individuals (e.g., diet, genomics).
Discontinuation of Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Muntner Paul , Foti Kathryn , Wang Zhixin , Alanaeme Chibuike J , Choi Eunhee , Bress Adam P , Shimbo Daichi , Kronish Ian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
In March and April 2020, medical societies published statements recommending continued use of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors despite theoretical concerns that these medications could increase COVID-19 severity. Determining if patients discontinued RAS inhibitors during the COVID-19 pandemic could inform responses to future public health emergencies.

Methods
We analyzed claims data from US adults with health insurance in the Marketscan database. We identified patients who filled a RAS inhibitor and were persistent, defined by not having a ≥30-day gap without medication available, and high adherence, defined by having medication available on ≥80% of days, from March 2019 to February 2020. Among these patients, we estimated the proportion who discontinued their RAS inhibitor (i.e., had ≥30 consecutive days without a RAS inhibitor available to take) between March and August 2020. For comparison, we estimated the proportion of patients that discontinued a RAS inhibitor between March and August 2019 after being persistent with high adherence from March 2018 to February 2019.

Results
Among 816,380 adults who were persistent and adherent to a RAS inhibitor from March 2019 to February 2020, 10.8% discontinued this medication between March and August 2020. Among 822,873 adults who were persistent and adherent to a RAS inhibitor from March 2018 to February 2019, 11.7% discontinued this medication between March and August 2019. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk for RAS inhibitor discontinuation in 2020 vs. 2019 was 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.95).

Conclusions
There was no evidence of an increase in RAS inhibitor discontinuation during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Foldcomp: a library and format for compressing and indexing large protein structure sets
Authors: Kim Hyunbin , Mirdita Milot , Steinegger Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSummaryHighly accurate protein structure predictors have generated hundreds of millions of protein structures; these pose a challenge in terms of storage and processing. Here, we present Foldcomp, a novel lossy structure compression algorithm, and indexing system to address this challenge. By using a combination of internal and Cartesian coordinates and a bi-directional NeRF-based strategy, Foldcomp improves the compression ratio by a factor of three compared to the next best method. Its reconstruction error of 0.08 Å is comparable to the best lossy compressor. It is five times faster than the next fastest compressor and competes with the fastest decompressors. With its multi-threading implementation and a Python interface that allows for easy database downloads and efficient querying of protein structures by accession, Foldcomp is a powerful tool for managing and analysing large collections of protein structures.Availability and implementationFoldcomp is a free open-source software (GPLv3) and available for Linux, macOS, and Windows at https://foldcomp.foldseek.com. Foldcomp provides the AlphaFold Swiss-Prot (2.9GB), TrEMBL (1.1TB), and ESMatlas HQ (114GB) database ready-for-download.