bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity During Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Erkoç Ataoğlu Esra , Batur Çağlayan Hale , Nazliel Bijen , Çinar Mehmet , Akyol Gürses Asli , Moraloğlu Tekin Özlem 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The present study aimed to evaluate resting middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in healthy women at different stages of pregnancy, and to compare these velocities with those of normal controls.

Methods:
A total of 105 healthy normotensive pregnant women and 25 non-pregnant healthy controls were included in the study. We formed 3 groups according to gestational age: first trimester (7 to 13 wk pregnant), second trimester (14 to 28 wk pregnant), and third trimester (29 to 42 wk pregnant). Age, body mass index, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and hematological data were recorded and TCD was performed on the subjects. Regarding TCD, we evaluated the mean cerebral blood flow velocity, the peak systolic velocity, the end-diastolic flow velocity, S/D ratio, the pulsatility Index (PI) and the resistance Index (RI).

Results:
The MCA mean blood flow velocities differed significantly among the groups (P<0.001) and were higher in the controls than those of the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester groups (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001 respectively). The MCA mean and peak blood flow velocities, and the PI and RI decreased significantly with advancing gestation.

Conclusions:
TCD is a noninvasive and non-toxic method of monitoring the adaptation of the maternal cerebral blood flow in pregnancy. The progressive decreases in the MCA mean and peak blood flow velocities, PI, and RI during gestation may be the result of chemical and neuronal factors. This study supports the need for additional studies using TCD to establish normative cerebral blood flow volumes throughout pregnancy.
Epidemiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Bonfiglioli Roberta , Caraballo-Arias Yohama , Salmen-Navarro Acran 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewTo assess the methodological approach to epidemiological research on musculoskeletal disorders and diseases based on current scientific position.Recent findingsMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the leading contributor to disability worldwide, with low back pain being the single primary cause of disability in most of the countries in the world. However, there is still a lack of comparable data because of different case definitions, which are split according to body region/specific disease. Traditionally related to physical overload, current evidence shows that MSDs might result from hereditary, congenital, or acquired pathologic processes. The term work-related MSDs (WRMSDs) is commonly used when reasonable association with occupational physical and psychosocial conditions is recognized.SummaryAfter decades of research, we still find gaps in the literature on WRMSDs, especially concerning diagnostic criteria, workplace exposure assessment, and compensation. The impact of new technologies, flexible/remote work, new forms of employment, changes in the working environment as well as of sedentary work, is now emerging. Therefore, conventional forms of epidemiological research in MSD prevention, needs to be adapted. Together with ongoing harmonization policies, new perspectives for exposure and clinical assessment are required, as well as strategies for monitoring large cohorts of individuals along the working day and the lifespan. There is a need for new approaches for planning and promoting interventions to prevent MSDs and to support vulnerable groups.
Epidemiology of migrant workers’ occupational health: a perspective from three regions
Authors: Salmen-Navarro Acran , Samant Yogindra , Seneviratne Mahinda 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewThere are approximately 169 million migrant workers at considerable risk of work-related disease and injury. However, studies remain somewhat limited and are critically overlooked in research and policy. The pandemic added another layer of complexity and vulnerability to the working conditions of migrant workers. We attempted to summarize the limited number of studies published during the pandemic, and at the same time, provide a critical review from three regions and make research, policy and practice recommendations to improve the occupational health of migrant workers.Recent findingsThe findings in this review are consistent with the limited number of studies published on the topic of occupational health and migrant workers before the pandemic. Studies conducted during the pandemic suggest that migrant workers continue to sustain higher occupational safety and health risks compared with native workers across Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific. Likely the pandemic has exacerbated the nature of precariousness in working conditions of migrant workers given the cumulative impact of quarantine regulations, travel restrictions and willingness to work in ‘4-D jobs’ (dirty, dangerous, and difficult anddiscriminatory)given the lack of work in certain sectors.SummaryThe findings of this review call for international agencies and policy makers to commit resources and build partnerships for an inclusive and human-centered approaches for the better protection of migrant workers globally.
Gastrointestinal involvement in post-acute Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 syndrome
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C. , Ghoshal Ujjala 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Ten percentage of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 report having gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) not only infects the pulmonary but also the GI tract. GI infections including that due to viral infection is known to cause postinfection disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI); hence, we wish to review the long-term GI consequences following COVID-19, particularly post-COVID-19 DGBI.

Recent findings
At least 12 cohort studies, four of which also included controls documented the occurrence of post-COVID-19 DGBI, particularly IBS following COVID-19. The risk factors for post-COVID-19 DGBI included female gender, symptomatic COVID-19, particularly GI symptoms, the severity of COVID-19, the occurrence of anosmia and ageusia, use of antibiotics and hospitalization during the acute illness, persistent GI symptoms beyond 1 month after recovery, presence of mental health factors, The putative mechanisms for post-COVID-19 DGBI include altered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, gut microbiota dysbiosis, GI inflammation, and immune activation, changes in intestinal permeability, and alterations in the enteroendocrine system and serotonin metabolism.

Summary
Long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection may persist even after recovery from COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to develop post-COVID-19 IBS than healthy controls. Post-COVID-19 IBS may pose a substantial healthcare burden to society.
Use of a Computerized Decisional Analysis Tool in Patients With Urgency Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Nguyen Hoa , Brown Oluwateniola , Bretschneider Carol E. , Mueller Margaret , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Kenton Kimberly , Collins Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Importance
Decision analysis tools (DAT) are shared decision making instruments that include patient input on treatment goals and values that have been shown to decrease decisional regret in women's health care.

Objective
We describe a novel, computerized DAT for patients with urinary incontinence (UI), and our primary aim was to assess the concordance between treatment fit as determined by the DAT and treatment selected after physician counseling in patients with urgency urinary incontinence and urgency predominant mixed urinary incontinence.

Study Design
We partnered with a health care startup to develop a computerized DAT incorporating evidence about UI and patient input about treatment goals and personal values. This is a retrospective cohort study examining the concordance of DAT-predicted treatments identified before consultation with the physician and those chosen after counseling. Electronic medical records were reviewed to abstract demographic, clinical data, and treatments chosen at the initial physician consultation. Because it was possible to pursue concurrent treatment options (ie, pelvic floor physical therapy and medications), the first 2 modalities identified in the treatment plan at consultation were abstracted. Descriptive statistics were conducted using SPSS®, we did not adjust for multiple comparisons.

Results
Four hundred eighty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria for our study, and 65% of the cohort chose treatment options after counseling that were concordant with their DAT best treatment fit.

Conclusion
Patients choosing treatment for urgency urinary incontinence and urgency predominant mixed urinary incontinence using a novel, computer-based DAT to prepare for shared decision making with their physicians often choose to proceed with their top DAT-determined treatment fit after counseling.
Effectiveness of a Fourth COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Dose Against the Omicron Variant in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Naylor Kyla L. , Knoll Gregory A. , Smith Graham , McArthur Eric , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Dixon Stephanie N. , Treleaven Darin , Kim S. Joseph 
Published: August 2023

Background.
The effectiveness of booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients is unclear. We conducted a population-based matched cohort study using linked administrative healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada to estimate the marginal vaccine effectiveness of a fourth versus third dose of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against clinically important outcomes (ie, hospitalization or death) and infection during the era of the Omicron variant.

Methods.
We matched 3120 solid organ transplant recipients with a third COVID-19 vaccine dose (reference) to 3120 recipients with a fourth dose. Recipients were matched on the third dose date (±7 d). We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the marginal vaccine effectiveness with outcomes occurring between December 21, 2021 and April 30, 2022.

Results.
The cumulative incidence of COVID-19–related hospitalization or death was 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–3.7) in the third dose group compared with 1.1% (95% CI, 0.59–1.8) in the fourth dose group after 84 d of follow-up (P < 0.001). The adjusted marginal vaccine effectiveness was 70% (95% CI, 47–83) against clinically important outcomes and 39% (95% CI, 21–52) against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions.
Compared with a third dose, a fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with improved protection against hospitalization, death, and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron era. Results highlight the importance of a booster COVID-19 vaccine dose in solid organ transplant recipients.
Multi-cell type deconvolution using a probabilistic model for single-molecule DNA methylation haplotypes
Authors: Unterman I. , Avrahami D. , Katsman E. , Triche T.J. , Glaser B. , Berman B.P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeconvolution is used to estimate the proportion of mixed cell types from tissue or blood samples based on genomic profiling. DNA methylation is commonly used because specific CpG positions reflect cell type identity and can be accurately measured at either the population or single-molecule level. Methylation sequencing techniques can profile multiple individual CpGs on a single DNA molecule, but few deconvolution models have been developed to exploit these single-moleculemethylation haplotypesfor cell type deconvolution.Results and ConclusionsWe used simulated whole-genome methylation data andin silicomixtures of real data to compare existing deconvolution tools with two new models developed here. We found that adapting an existing modelCelFiEto incorporate methylation haplotype information improved deconvolution accuracy by ∼30% over other tools, including the original CelFiE. In addition to overall higher accuracy, our new tool CelFiE Integrated Single-molecule Haplotypes (orCelFiE-ISH) outperformed others in detecting rare cell types present at 0.1% and below. Detection of rare cell types is important for the analysis of circulating DNA, which we demonstrate using a patient-derived plasma sequencing dataset.Finally,we show that marker selection strategy has a strong effect on deconvolution accuracy, concluding that haplotype-aware deconvolution can take advantage of markers tailored for that purpose.
Structural and connectivity parameters reveal compensation patterns in young patients with non-progressive and slow-progressive cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Marchese Silvia Maria , Palesi Fulvia , Nigri Anna , Bruzzone Mariagrazia , Pantaleoni Chiara , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM Gandini , D’Arrigo Stefano , D’Angelo Egidio , Cavallari Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionWithin Pediatric Cerebellar Ataxias (PCAs), patients with non-progressive ataxia (NonP) surprisingly show postural motor behavior comparable to that of healthy controls, differently to slow-progressive ataxia patients (SlowP). This difference may depend on the building of the compensatory strategies of the intact areas in NonP brain network.MethodsEleven PCAs patients were recruited: five with NonP and six with SlowP. We assessed volumetric and axonal bundles alterations with a multimodal approach to investigate the connections between basal ganglia and cerebellum as putative compensatory tracts.ResultsCerebellar lobules were smaller in SlowP patients. NonP patients showed a lower number of streamlines in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tracts but a generalized higher integrity of white matter tracts connecting the cortex and the basal ganglia with the cerebellum.DiscussionThis work reveals that the axonal bundles connecting the cerebellum with basal ganglia and cortex demonstrate a higher integrity in NonP patients. This evidence highlights the importance of the cerebellum-basal ganglia connectivity to explain the different postural motor behavior of NonP and SlowP patients and support the compensatory role of basal ganglia in patients with stable cerebellar malformation.
Assessing The Value of Deep Neural Networks for Postoperartive Complication Prediction in Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients
Authors: Bonde Mikkel , Bonde Alexander , Kaafarani Haytham , Millarch Andreas , Sillesen Martin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications (PoCs) and risk prediction of these is therefore critical for optimal treatment planning. We hypothesize that novel deep learning network approaches through transfer learning may be superior to legacy approaches for PoC risk prediction in the PDAC surgical setting.MethodsData from the US National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2002-2018 was used, with a total of 5,881,881 million patients, including 31,728 PD patients. Modelling approaches comprised of a model trained on a general surgery patient cohort and then tested on a PD specific cohort (general model), a transfer learning model trained on the general surgery patients with subsequent transfer and retraining on a PD-specific patient cohort (transfer learning model), a model trained and tested exclusively on the PD-specific patient cohort (direct model), and a benchmark random forest model trained on the PD patient cohort (RF model). The models were subsequently compared against the American College of Surgeons (ACS) surgical risk calculator (SRC) in terms of predicting mortality and morbidity risk.ResultsBoth the general model and transfer learning model outperformed the RF model in 14 and 16 out of 19 prediction tasks, respectively. Additionally, both models outperformed the direct model on 17 out of the 19 tasks. The transfer learning model also outperformed the general model on 11 out of the 19 prediction tasks. The transfer learning model outperformed the ACS-SRC regarding mortality and all the models outperformed the ACS-SRC regarding the morbidity prediction with the general model achieving the highest Receiver Operator Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC) of 0.668 compared to the 0.524 of the ACS SRC.ConclusionDNNs deployed using a transfer learning approach may be of value for PoC risk prediction in the PD setting.
Association between dietary inflammatory index score and incident dementia: results from the Framingham heart Study offspring cohort
Authors: Melo van Lent Debora , Mesa Hannah Gokingco , Short Meghan I. , Gonzales Mitzi M. , Aparicio Hugo J , Salinas Joel , Yuan Changzheng , Jacques Paul F. , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha , Jacob Mini E. , Himali Jayandra J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), has been specifically designed to capture the inflammatory content of diet and has shown association with neurodegenerative disease related outcomes. But literature is limited on the role of diet-driven inflammation measured by the DII on incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD).ObjectiveWe evaluated whether higher DII scores were associated with increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD over 22.3 years of follow-up in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational longitudinal study in the FHS Offspring cohort. Dementia surveillance for present study: until 2020. Data were analyzed from December 2020 to June 2022. Participants completed a validated 126-item food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), administered at FHS examination cycle 7 (1998-2001) and examination cycle 5 (1991-1995), and/or 6 (1995-1998). Individuals aged <60 years, with prevalent dementia, no dementia follow-up, other relevant neurological diseases, and/or no FFQ data were excluded.ExposureA DII score (based on the published method by Shivappa et al. 2014) was created based on previous studies linking individual dietary factors to six inflammatory markers (i.e. C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), consisting of 36 components. A cumulative DII score was calculated by averaging across a maximum of three FFQs.Main outcomes and measuresIncident all-cause dementia and AD.ResultsWe included 1487 participants (mean±SD, age in years 69 ± 6; 53·2% women; 31·6% college graduates]). 246 participants developed all-cause dementia (including AD n=187) over a median follow up time of 13·1 years. Higher DII scores were associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD following adjustment for age and sex (Hazard ratio (HR) 1·16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07 to 1·25, p<.001; HR 1·16, 95% CI 1·06 to 1·26, p=.001). The relationships remained after additional adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates (HR 1·21, 95% CI 1·10 to 1·33, p<0.001; HR1·20, 95% CI1·07 to 1·35, p=.001).Conclusion and relevanceHigher DII scores were associated with a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Although these promising findings need to be replicated and further validated, our results suggest that diets which correlate with low DII scores may prevent late-life dementia.
Laying the Foundation foriCANmeditate: A mixed methods study protocol for understanding patient and oncologist perspectives on meditation
Authors: Lalani Yasmin , Godinho Alexandra , Ellison Kirsten , Joshi Krutika , Curtin Wach Aisling , Rana Punam , Wegier Pete 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with cancer experience heightened levels of stress and anxiety, including psychological or physical. In recent years, digitally delivered complimentary therapies, such as meditation, have gained attention in cancer research and advocacy communities for improving quality of life. However, most digital meditation resources are commercially available and are not tailored to the unique needs of cancer patients (addressing fears of recurrence). As such, this study lays the foundation to co-design a publicly available digital meditation program callediCANmeditatethat contains cancer-specific meditation content.AimsTo understand: (1) cancer patients’ perceptions and practices of meditation, as well as their needs in addressing the stress that accompanies their cancer diagnosis and (2) current knowledge of meditation and prescribing trends amongst oncologists in Canada.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods design comprised of online patient and oncologist surveys and a series of patient focus groups will be used. Survey data analysis will use multivariate logistic regressions to examine predictors of: (1) interest in using a meditation app among patients and (2) prescribing meditation among oncologists. Patient focus groups will gather insights about the contexts of daily living where meditation would be most beneficial for people with cancer; this data will be analyzed thematically.DiscussionThe results of this study will inform iterative co-design workshops with cancer patients to build the digital meditation programiCANmeditate; focus group results will be used to develop vignettes or “personas” that will supply the initial stimulus material for the iterative co-design workshops. Once the program has been finalized in partnership with cancer patient participants, a usability and pilot study will follow to test the functionality and efficacy of the tool. Results from the oncologist survey will form the basis of knowledge mobilization efforts to facilitate clinical buy-in and awareness of the benefits of meditation to cancer patients.
Screening for novel RyR2 inhibitors by ER Ca2+monitoring
Authors: Takenaka Mai , Kodama Masami , Murayama Takashi , Ishigami-Yuasa Mari , Mori Shuichi , Ishida Ryosuke , Suzuki Junji , Kanemaru Kazunori , Sugihara Masami , Iino Masamitsu , Miura Aya , Nishio Hajime , Morimoto Sachio , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Sakurai Takashi , Kurebayashi Nagomi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractType 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a Ca2+release channel on the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) that plays a central role in the excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Hyperactivity of RyR2 has been linked to ventricular arrhythmias in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and heart failure, where spontaneous Ca2+release via hyperactivated RyR2 depolarizes diastolic membrane potential to induce triggered activity. In such cases, drugs that suppress RyR2 activity are expected to prevent the arrhythmias, but there is no clinically available RyR2 inhibitors at present. In this study, we searched for RyR2 inhibitors from a well-characterized compound library using a recently developed ER Ca2+-based assay, where the inhibition of RyR2 activity was detected by the increase in ER Ca2+signals from R-CEPIA1er, a genetically encoded ER Ca2+indicator, in RyR2-expressing HEK293 cells. By screening 1535 compounds in the library, we identified three compounds (chloroxylenol, methyl orsellinate and riluzole) that greatly increased the ER Ca2+signal. All of the three compounds suppressed spontaneous Ca2+oscillations in RyR2-expressing HEK293 cells and correspondingly reduced the Ca2+-dependent [3H]ryanodine binding activity. In cardiomyocytes from RyR2-mutant mice, the three compounds effectively suppressed abnormal Ca2+waves without substantial effects on the action-potential-induced Ca2+transients. These results confirm that ER Ca2+-based screening is useful for identifying modulators of ER Ca2+release channels and suggest that RyR2 inhibitors have potential to be developed as a new category of antiarrhythmic drugs.Significance statementWe successfully identified three compounds having RyR2 inhibitory action from a well-characterized compound library using an ER Ca2+-based assay, and demonstrated that these compounds suppressed arrhythmogenic Ca2+wave generation without substantially affecting physiological action-potential induced Ca2+transients in cardiomyocytes. This study will facilitate the development of RyR2 specific inhibitors as a potential new class of drugs for life-threatening arrhythmias induced by hyperactivation of RyR2.