bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Approach Towards Broadband Spintronics on Nanoscale Pyrene Films
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Pradhan Jhantu , Haldar Arabinda , Murapaka Chandrasekhar , Chandra Mondal Prakash 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe injection of pure spin current into the non‐magnetic layer plays a crucial role in transmitting, processing, and storing data information in the realm of spintronics. To understand broadband molecular spintronics, pyrene oligomer film (≈20 nm thickness) was prepared using an electrochemical method forming indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode/pyrene covalent interfaces. Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) films with different nanoscale thicknesses were used as top contact over ITO/pyrene layers to estimate the spin pumping efficiency across the interfaces using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectra. The spintronic devices are composed of permalloy/pyrene/ITO orthogonal configuration, showing remarkable spin pumping from permalloy to pyrene film. The large spin pumping is evident from the linewidth broadening of 5.4 mT at 9 GHz, which is direct proof of spin angular momentum transfer across the interface. A striking observation is made with the high spin‐mixing conductance of ≈1.02×1018 m−2, a value comparable to the conventional heavy metals. Large spin angular moment transfer was observed at the permalloy‐pyrene interfaces, especially at the lower thickness of permalloy, indicating a strong spinterface effect. Pure spin current injection from ferromagnetic into electrochemically grown pyrene films ensures efficient broadband spin transport, which opens a new area in molecular broadband spintronics.
Kooperative Netzwerkbildung mittels zweifarben Aktivierung von λ‐orthogonalen Chromophoren
Authors: Eren Tugce Nur , Feist Florian , Ehrmann Katharina , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDie unabhängige Aktivierung von lichtreaktiven Funktionalitäten innerhalb eines Moleküls stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Wir nutzen die Kombination von zwei sequenzunabhängigen λ‐orthogonalen Chromophoren innerhalb eines heterotelechelen Quervernetzer‐Moleküls und ihre gegenläufigen Reaktivitäten mit demselben Reaktionspartner, einem Copolymer mit Maleimid‐Seitengruppen, um Netzwerkbildung exklusiv durch die Bestrahlung mit zwei Lichtfarben zu induzieren. Bestrahlunge mit nur einer der beiden Lichtfarben führt zur einseitigen Reaktion des Quervernetzers und somit zur Postfunktionalisierung des Polymers. Die Netzwerkbildung hingegen wird ausschließlich durch sequenzielle oder simultane zweifarben Bestrahlung erzielt. Dieses lichtreaktive System zeigt exemplarisch den Nutzen von Wellenlängen‐orthogonaler Chemie in der makromolekularen Synthese.
A Highly Water‐Soluble Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen with Anion‐π+ Interactions for Targeted NIR Imaging of Cancer Cells and Type I Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Lingxiu , Li Chunbin , Gong Jianye , Zhang Ying , Ji Weiwei , Feng Lina , Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe low oxygen dependence of type I photosensitizers (PSs) has made them a popular choice for treating solid tumors. However, the drawbacks of poor water solubility, short emission wavelength, poor stability, and inability to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells limit the application of most type I PSs in clinical therapy. Thereby, developing novel type I PSs for overcoming these problems is an urgent but challenging task. Herein, by utilizing the distinctive structural characteristics of anion‐π+ interactions, a highly water‐soluble type I PS (DPBC‐Br) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic and near‐infrared (NIR) emission is fabricated for the first time. DPBC‐Br displays remarkable water solubility (7.3 mM) and outstanding photobleaching resistance, enabling efficient and precise differentiation between tumor cells and normal cells in a wash‐free and long‐term tracking manner via NIR‐I imaging. Additionally, the superior type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by DPBC‐Br provide both specific killing of cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, with negligible systemic toxicity. This study rationally constructs a highly water‐soluble type I PS, which has higher reliability and controllability compared with conventional nanoparticle formulating procedures, offering great potential for clinical cancer treatment.
Emodin‐Based Nanoarchitectonics with Giant Two‐Photon Absorption for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Yilin , Zhao Jie , Xu Xia , Xu Yang , Cui Wei , Yang Yang , Li Junbai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo‐photon‐excited photodynamic therapy (TPE‐PDT) has significant advantages over conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, obtaining easily accessible TPE photosensitizers (PSs) with high efficiency remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that emodin (Emo), a natural anthraquinone (NA) derivative, is a promising TPE PS with a large two‐photon absorption cross‐section (TPAC: 380.9 GM) and high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (31.9 %). When co‐assembled with human serum albumin (HSA), the formed Emo/HSA nanoparticles (E/H NPs) possess a giant TPAC (4.02×107 GM) and desirable 1O2 generation capability, thus showing outstanding TPE‐PDT properties against cancer cells. In vivo experiments reveal that E/H NPs exhibit improved retention time in tumors and can ablate tumors at an ultra‐low dosage (0.2 mg/kg) under an 800 nm femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation. This work is beneficial for the use of natural extracts NAs for high‐efficiency TPE‐PDT.
Photosynthesis‐Mediated Intracellular Biomineralization of Gold Nanoparticles inside Chlorella Cells towards Hydrogen Boosting under Green Light
Authors: Zhu Xueying , Xu Zhijun , Tang Haitao , Nie Lanheng , Nie Rui , Wang Ruifang , Liu Xiaoman , Huang Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngineering living microorganisms to enhance green biomanufacturing for the development of sustainable and carbon‐neutral energy strategies has attracted the interest of researchers from a wide range of scientific communities. In this study, we develop a method to achieve photosynthesis‐mediated biomineralization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside Chlorella cells, where the photosynthesis‐dominated reduction of Au3+ to Au0 allows the formed AuNPs to locate preferentially around the thylakoid membrane domain. In particular, we reveal that the electrons generated by the localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs could greatly augment hypoxic photosynthesis, which then promotes the generation and transferring of photoelectrons throughout the photosynthetic chain for augmented hydrogen production under sunlight. We demonstrate that the electrons from AuNPs could be directly transferred to hydrogenase, giving rise to an 8.3‐fold enhancement of Chlorella cells hydrogen production independent of the cellular photosynthetic process under monochromatic 560 nm light irradiation. Overall, the photosynthesis‐mediated intracellular biomineralization of AuNPs could contribute to a novel paradigm for functionalizing Chlorella cells to augment biomanufacturing.
Molecular Bridge on Buried Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Haodan , Xiang Wanchun , Fang Yanyan , Li Jingrui , Lin Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is significantly important for charge transfer and device stability, while the buried interface with the impact on perovskite film growth has been paid less attention. Herein, we use a molecular modifier, glycocyamine (GDA) to build a molecular bridge on the buried interface of SnO2/perovskite, resulting in superior interfacial contact. This is achieved through the strongly interaction between GDA and SnO2, which also appreciably modulates the energy level. Moreover, GDA can regulate the perovskite crystal growth, yielding perovskite film with enlarged grain size and absence of pinholes, exhibiting substantially reduced defect density. Consequently, PSCs with GDA modification demonstrate significant improvement of open circuit voltage (close to 1.2 V) and fill factor, leading to an improved power conversion efficiency from 22.60 % to 24.70 %. Additionally, stabilities of GDA devices under maximum power point and 85 °C heat both perform better than the control devices.
Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer Degradation of Vinyl Polymers: Cleavage of a Backbone C−C Bond Triggered by Radical Activation of a C−H Bond in a Pendant
Authors: Kimura Taichi , Ouchi Makoto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we achieved a triggering degradation of polymers composed of carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonded backbone without relying on introduction of labile heteroatom‐based bond. The crucial point for the achievement is using vinyl ether (VE) as a comonomer in radical copolymerization of (meth)acrylate for introduction of the carbon‐hydrogen (C−H) bonds active for photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) as triggers in the pendant. Interestingly, methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐n‐butyl vinyl ether (NBVE) copolymer underwent degradation in acetonitrile in the presence of benzophenone (Ph2CO) under UV irradiation at 80 °C. The degradation did not take place, when any one of UV, Ph2CO, heat, and NBVE unit was removed or HAT‐active solvent such as toluene and 1,4‐dioxane was used. These control experiments strongly supported the HAT‐triggering degradation. Furthermore, the degradation behaviors of the copolymers with other vinyl ethers such as tert‐butyl vinyl ether and methyl isopropenyl ether indicated that the C−H bond neighboring to oxygen on the pendant is mainly responsible for the trigger leading to degradation. The HAT‐triggering degradation was also demonstrated even with the acrylate‐based copolymer.
Controlled Self‐Assembly of Discrete Amphiphilic Oligourethanes with a Cascade Self‐Immolative Motif
Authors: Xu Jie , Lv Changzhu , Shi Qiangqiang , Zhang Jialin , Wang Ning , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscrete polymers offer an excellent platform for comprehending the interplay between precise chain structures, distinctive self‐assembly behavior, and functional applications, whereas the development of discrete polymers with self‐immolative properties remains scarce. Here, we modularly synthesize a library of discrete self‐immolative oligourethanes containing N‐naphthylcarbamate or N‐(3‐fluorophenyl)carbamate repeating units via iterative stepwise growth. These oligourethanes undergo not only cascade 1,6‐elimination depolymerizations via photo‐mediated removal of o‐nitrobenzyl carbamate triggers but also selective cleavage of benzyl‐O linkages under MS/MS conditions even without UV light irradiation. In aqueous media, these discrete oligourethanes self‐assemble into different morphologies such as flat nanosheets, nanofibers, and nanoribbons, depending on the chain lengths and backbone compositions, and further morphological transitions are observed upon thermal annealing.
Cooperative Lewis Acid‐1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Aryloxide Catalysis: Pyrazolone Addition to Nitroolefins as Entry to Diaminoamides
Authors: Wanner Daniel M. , Becker Patrick M. , Suhr Simon , Wannenmacher Nick , Ziegler Slava , Herrmann Justin , Willig Felix , Gabler Julia , Jangid Khushbu , Schmid Juliane , Hans Andreas C. , Frey Wolfgang , Sarkar Biprajit , Kästner Johannes , Peters René 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPyrazolones represent an important structural motif in active pharmaceutical ingredients. Their asymmetric synthesis is thus widely studied. Still, a generally highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective 1,4‐addition to nitroolefins providing products with adjacent stereocenters is elusive. In this article, a new polyfunctional CuII‐1,2,3‐triazolium‐aryloxide catalyst is presented which enables this reaction type with high stereocontrol. DFT studies revealed that the triazolium stabilizes the transition state by hydrogen bonding between C(5)−H and the nitroolefin and verify a cooperative mode of activation. Moreover, they show that the catalyst adopts a rigid chiral cage/pore structure by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, by which stereocontrol is achieved. Control catalyst systems confirm the crucial role of the triazolium, aryloxide and CuII, requiring a sophisticated structural orchestration for high efficiency. The addition products were used to form pyrazolidinones by chemoselective C=N reduction. These heterocycles are shown to be valuable precursors toward β,γ’‐diaminoamides by chemoselective nitro and N−N bond reductions. Morphological profiling using the Cell painting assay identified biological activities for the pyrazolidinones and suggest modulation of DNA synthesis as a potential mode of action. One product showed biological similarity to Camptothecin, a lead structure for cancer therapy.
Sustainable environment through using porous materials: A review on wastewater treatment
Authors: Al‐Jubouri Sama M. , Al‐Batty Sirhan , Al‐Hamd Rwayda Kh. S. , Sims Rebekah , Hakami Mohammed Wali , SK Manirul Haque 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorous materials play an important role in creating a sustainable environment by improving wastewater treatment's efficacy. Porous materials, including adsorbents or ion exchangers, catalysts, metal–organic frameworks, composites, carbon materials, and membranes, have widespread applications in treating wastewater and air pollution. This review examines recent developments in porous materials, focusing on their effectiveness for different wastewater pollutants. Specifically, they can treat a wide range of water contaminants, and many remove over 95% of targeted contaminants. Recent advancements include a wider range of adsorption options, heterogeneous catalysis, a new UV/H2O2procedure, ion exchange, Fenton oxidation, membrane activities, ozonation, membrane bioreactor, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, and a carbon capture methodology utilizing various porous materials. A particular focus for innovative research is on developing technologies to synthesize porous materials and assess their performance in removing various pollutants from wastewater at varying experimental conditions. Porous materials can be essential in designing wastewater treatment systems to address the critical environmental issues of water stress and safe drinking water worldwide.
Population status of the world's largest limpet,Scutellastra mexicana(Mollusca: Patellidae), on María Madre Island, Mexico: Possible last bastion of a species facing global extinction
Authors: Carballo José Luis , Bautista‐Guerrero Eric , Benjamín Yáñez , Carballo Luis Rodrigo , García‐Gómez José Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractScutellastra mexicanais the largest patellid in the world, with records of up to 35.5 cm in length, and is one of the most endangered marine invertebrates from tropical Pacific rocky shores.The decline of this species occurred during the 20thcentury, when fishing cooperatives reported the capture of millions of specimens in less than 2 decades (1970–1980). Since then, the species has continued to be captured illegally to the point that it has practically disappeared.This paper reports the population status ofS. mexicanain María Madre Island (Mexican Pacific Ocean), which was used as a Federal Prison from 1905 until 2019.A total of 2,381 limpets were recorded in four main populations: Guayacama, Borbollones, Punta Halcones and Papelillos. The density was very low: from 0.05 to 0.3 individuals m−2, with an ageing population structure, and no recent recruitment. The size‐frequency distribution of the populations showed that most of the individuals were between 9 and 15 cm. Mean and maximum shell length varied between 10.5 and 19 cm at Papelillos, 13.6 and 20.3 cm at Punta Halcones, 13.7 and 17.6 cm at Borbollones, and 12 and 20 cm at Guayacama.Evidence of illegal extraction was evident in Papelillos since the size of the limpets was significantly the smallest of the four populations studied, and also significantly smaller than those in an adjacent midden.Now that the prison has been closed it is imperative to establish legal measures, to provide extreme protection of María Madre, and to change the current status ofS. mexicanain the Official Mexican Standard (NOM‐059‐ECOL‐2010) from threatened species to in danger of extinction. This may be the last hope for the species.
Assessment of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts in Transesterification Reaction: A Mini Review
Authors: Kibar Murat Efgan , Hilal Lina , Çapa Begüm Tuna , Bahçıvanlar Buse , Abdeljelil Brahim Ben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe utilization and production of biodiesel have seen a significant increase in recent years due to its numerous advantages over other biofuel products. Biodiesel can be produced through various methods, including transesterification, direct mixing, microemulsion, and pyrolysis. Among these, transesterification is the most commonly employed method and utilizes three types of catalysts: enzymatic, homogeneous, and heterogeneous. While enzymatic and homogeneous catalysts are effective, they also present drawbacks, such as costly purification steps and high water and oil consumption. Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, are more favorable as they mitigate these negative aspects. Some challenges still exist with heterogeneous catalysts, but they can be overcome by manipulating their structure. The use of heterogeneous catalysts not only reduces the overall cost of the reaction but also renders the process more environmentally friendly. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of biodiesel, including its characteristics, production methods, and specifically, the use of heterogeneous catalysts and their supports in biodiesel production. In addition, it examines the impact of these catalysts on the production process and the parameters that affect the yield.
Biosynthesis and Genome Mining Potentials of Nucleoside Natural Products
Authors: Du Yanan , Thanapipatsiri Anyarat , Yokoyama Kenichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNucleoside natural products show diverse biological activities and serve as leads for various application purposes, including human and veterinary medicine and agriculture. Studies in the past decade revealed that these nucleosides are biosynthesized through divergent mechanisms, in which early steps of the pathways can be classified into two types (C5' oxidation and C5' radical extension), while the structural diversity is created by downstream tailoring enzymes. Based on this biosynthetic logic, we investigated the genome mining discovery potentials of these nucleosides using the two enzymes representing the two types of C5' modifications: LipL‐type α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and Fe‐dependent oxygenases and NikJ‐type radical S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) enzymes. The results suggest that this approach allows discovery of putative nucleoside biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and the prediction of the core nucleoside structures. The results also revealed the distribution of these pathways in nature and implied the possibility of future genome mining discovery of novel nucleoside natural products.
Easily Accessible Substituted Heterocyclic Hemithioindigos as Bistable Molecular Photoswitches
Authors: Gernet Aurélie , El Rhaz Ahmed , Jean Ludovic 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThioaurone chromophores, part of the indigoid family and commonly named hemithioindigos, have recently gained attention due to their interesting photoswitching properties. The study focuses on heterocyclic hemithioindigos (Het‐HTIs) and investigates their synthesis using electron‐rich and electron‐poor heterocycles and modifications to the thioindigo moiety. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the photoswitching performances of these synthesised compounds, with a particular emphasis on the influence of the heterocycles on the photoisomerization capabilities, which was found to be more prominent than the modifications made to the thioindigo moiety. Among the 44 Het‐HTIs tested, several exhibited highly efficient photoswitchable properties, demonstrating Z‐to‐E photoisomerization in the blue region, and E‐to‐Z photoisomerization in the green or the red regions. Additionally, the metastable E‐isomer displayed an impressive half‐life of up to 54 days in a polar solvent (DMSO). These results suggest that heterocyclic hemithioindigos hold great promise as photoswitches for researchers interested in light‐controlled molecular mechanisms.
Constructing Hierarchical Porous MoO2@Mo2N@C Composite via a Confined Pyrolysis Synthetic Strategy Towards Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xu Huizhong , Gao Chang , Kong Linghui , Li Dongxv , Lin Jianjian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolybdenum dioxide (MoO2) demonstrates a big potential toward lithium‐ion storage due to its high theoretical capacity. The sluggish reaction kinetics and large volume change during cycling process, however, unavoidably lead to inferior electrochemical performance, thus failing to satisfy the requirements of practical applications. Herein, we developed a molybdenum‐based oxyacid salt confined pyrolysis strategy to achieve a novel hierarchical porous MoO2@Mo2N@C composite. A two‐step successive annealing process was proposed to obtain a hybrid phase of MoO2 and Mo2N, which was used to further improve the electrochemical performance of MoO2‐based anode. We demonstrate that the well‐dispersed MoO2 nanoparticles can ensure ample active sites exposure to the electrolyte, while conductive Mo2N quantum dots afford pseudo‐capacitive response, which conduces to the migration of ions and electrons. Additionally, the interior voids could provide buffer spaces to surmount the effect of volume change, thereby avoiding the fracture of MoO2 nanoparticles. Benefiting from the aforesaid synergies, the as‐obtained MoO2@Mo2N@C electrode demonstrates a striking initial discharge capacity (1760.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and decent long‐term cycling stability (652.5 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1). This work provides a new way for the construction of advanced anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.