bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the structure of the book and articulates the challenges of using diaries to study people’s lived present in a past epoch. It first addresses Italy’s remarkably complicated historical situation after the collapse of Mussolini’s two-decades-long regime on July 25, 1943. It then makes the case for using Raymond Williams’s theoretical framework of “structures of feeling” to address the disparate moods that emerged from Italians’ reactions to the events of 1943–45. What did people think of the past twenty years and how did they relate to fascism? Central to the study’s analytical approach is the dichotomous couplet of ordinary and extraordinary, following which Italians’ routine practices are counterposed to the exceptional circumstances of war and foreign occupation. Turning to the diaries, the Introduction discusses their interpretive limits and potentialities. It particularly considers the aspiration to objectivity present in the model of modern private journals that focus on the self, and it evaluates how differing levels of literacy as well as unequal access to expressive means affected common people’s writing ambitions and styles. It also points to the relationship between form and content (how and what one writes) as fundamental for assessing the meaning of journal entries. Ultimately, the Introduction argues for the importance of examining Italians’ interpretations of their dramatic past and present from the standpoint of everyday experience. Diaries’ intimate connection to daily life provides a unique frame within which to access people’s convictions as well as contradictions.
The Personal and the Political
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Focusing on social relations and everyday life, Chapter 5 looks at the micro level of interaction as it surfaces from intellectual diaries. It examines political hybridity in light of personal ties and highlights the struggle intellectual diarists experienced as they engaged in the operation of distinguishing friend from enemy, or the good fascist from the bad ones. Within an environment saturated by the fascist past, old networks and sentimental connections complicated the work of assigning blame. The controversial process surrounding official attempts at “epuration” mirrored intellectual diarists’ internal conflict as they contemplated how to minimize the deleterious effects of the twenty-year-long dictatorship. Eventually opting to look ahead rather than back, the diarists’ choice of divorcing the fascists of the Social Republic from those of the past regime carried long-term critical consequences for the country’s process of “defascistization.” The chapter examines normalcy as the notion through which diarists tackled the exceptional reality in which they were embedded. A countermeasure to a perceived sense of both material insecurity and psychological instability, the banality of daily rituals and practices helped intellectual diarists overcome despair at the same time that it confronted them with the inadequacy of their self-assigned role of reporters. Did writing have any meaning when all they jotted down was a repetition of the same? Although generally more reflective than ordinary scribes, intellectual diarists communicated a similar sense of impotence in the face of history.
Platform Regulation
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores three good reasons for regulating digital platforms. Following van Dijk, it describes platforms as both techno-cultural constructs and socio-economic structures that together exercise a commanding power over a global mode of production based on multiple and diverse transactions across numerous sectors in society. It deals (1) with algorithmic governance and its regulation—meaning the ways in which algorithmic governmentality shapes choices, behaviours, and options and the power of predictive AI to control human futures, (2) anticompetitive behaviours of Big Tech that relate to the incumbency factor and power of a handful of search and sociality platforms to set agendas, and (3) the Google tax—the fact that Big Tech has routinely evaded paying taxes in the jurisdictions that they operate in.
The EU, Platform Regulation, and the ‘Right to Be Forgotten’
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chapter focusses specifically on a novel and complex concept—the right to be forgotten, that the EU has made a case for, within its wide-ranging approach to the regulation of Big Tech that is best expressed in the GDPR and associated legislations such as the Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act. The right to be forgotten needs to be viewed in the context of personal and non-personal data becoming monetized—the fuel for platform capitalism and the basis for wealth creation by a handful of Big Tech oligopolies. The right to be forgotten explicitly gives individual consumers control over the data that they generate, the rights to data portability and the rights for consumers to determine data use by platforms that they are involved in transactionally. It highlights the contentious issue of privacy. While this right can be viewed as an ‘aspirational’ right, and a bold attempt to give power over data back to citizens, the chapter also deals with the rather complex operationalization of this concept.
Platform Regulation in the United States
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The regulation of platforms in the United States has become a bipartisan political issue. But it is also a complex issue since all the major platforms apart from the ones located in China are of US origin. So, on the one hand and from a geo-political perspective, the United States simply has to protect its platforms and its operations in the rest of the world although, on the other hand, the US government has had to act in the context of global evidence of platform manipulations in elections and their anti-competitive behaviour. The chapter highlights ‘anti-trust’ actions against Big Tech in the United States along with contestations over ‘privacy’. It also highlights the contradictory stance on regulation taken by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). While the FTC is keen to promote competition and limit the power of Big Tech, it is yet to be seen whether any drastic steps will be taken to rein in or break up Big Tech as was done to Standard Oil and AT&T in the past.
Platform Regulation
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The final chapter in this volume highlights the complex nature of platform regulation. In the context of data ubiquity, what data to regulate remains a contentious issue. Furthermore, given the extent of Big Tech entanglements with politics, governments are often conflicted in their approach to platform regulation. There are, however, very interesting recommendations that if taken up could see platforms being treated as public utilities on a par with other essential infrastructures such as electricity grids and dams for the supply of drinking water. The chapter also highlights the fact that there is an absolute need for data literacies. Big Tech of course is contesting attempts to regulate them in jurisdictions around the world and, they have, in the recent past, invested in self-regulation initiatives. However, it would seem that the momentum is with individual nation states and it would seem that the clamour for regulation will become louder. This chapter deals with the challenges but also opportunities for platform regulation.
Space for Deliberation
Authors: Carroll Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a close reading of the metaphors employed by Pelasgus in Aeschylus’ Suppliants as he responds to the Danaids’ request to grant them asylum. Using a range of cognitive tools, notably the notion of image schemas but also relevance theory and blending, it reads the metaphors as not merely a form of literary expression but also a mechanism through which Pelasgus evaluates the situation and considers what courses of action are open to him. The chapter explicitly confronts the question whether cognitive literary theory is capable of generating new readings, and argues that the reading presented in it could not have been arrived at by means of conventional accounts of metaphor.
Thinking Through Things
Authors: Noel Anne-Sophie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to refine the understanding of the cognitive role of some famous objects in Greek tragedy. It does so by engaging with Lambros Malafouris’ notion of the ‘cognitive life of things’, whereby material objects are seen as an intrinsic part of humans’ cognitive processes. The case studies in this chapter are the house in the Oresteia, the recognition tokens in Choephori, the bow in Hercules Furens and Philoctetes. However, it is argued, this attribution is a conscious form of make-believe: the characters know that they are engaging in a fiction when they momentarily envisage things as human ‘minds on stage’, so as to manage solitary and desperate situations. Greek tragedy therefore allows in-depth analysis of the fictional and affective dimensions of the ‘cognitive life of things’. The chapter ends by arguing for the relevance of work on anthropomorphism in developmental and social psychology.
Situated Cognition
Authors: Corthals Bob , Sluiter Ineke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the situatedness of cognition by comparing three models of human behaviour, underlying Sophocles’ Philoctetes (409 bce), Stanley Milgram’s infamous psychological experiments (1960s/1970s), and twenty-first-century cognitive linguistics. Each explanandum is a scenario of conflict between an individual’s moral values and the tasks he or she has agreed to perform. Each author has a different intellectual framework to understand this (situated metacognition). Sophocles explored the sophistic interest in the tension between Neoptolemus’ natural disposition and (rhetorical) argument. Milgram’s desire to understand the Holocaust generated the hypothesis of ‘obedience to authority’. Cognitive linguist Herb Clark reinterpreted the Milgram transcripts in ‘cognitive’ terms and observed the natural human tendency to collaborate gone wrong. The models can be mutually applied, but on disobedience (on display in Milgram’s subjects and Neoptolemus), Sophocles offers more than the others. Thus, the three models are not mutually exclusive, but are shown to have differential situated salience.
‘God is with the Patient People’
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Mohammed Faisal Syed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the extent to which, while preparing for and celebrating religious festivals, relatively rigid ethno-religious categories disassemble and reconfigure themselves according to the specifics of positionality, locality, and temporality. The focus is on people who, among their composite configurations, self-identify as Muslim in two contrasting localities where the festival dedicated to the Hindu deity, Ganesh, is celebrated in Mumbai. The argument goes beyond the polarities of Hindu–Muslim communalism and communal harmony to consider the ambivalence or ‘deep interconnections’ that (non-)involvement in the Ganesh festival might raise. By drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, arguments are reassessed about, on the one hand, narrow communally drawn lines, and on the other, an uncritical expression of syncretic celebrations. The focus is on Hindu–Muslim interrelations, but the chapter also goes beyond the ideological understandings of these terms as evident in Hindutva politics and processes of Islamicization in India, for such phenomena have only tangential bearings on the proximal lives of diverse communities in the city. People may not foreground ‘Hindu’ or ‘Muslim’ in their self-identifications, but deploy other categories that allude to an intersection of caste, region, or sect among other identifiers. Discourses of dis/engagement with the festival therefore reveal a spectrum of us–them relations.
Taxis as Public Micro-Spaces of Religion
Authors: Stausberg Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cities are spatial arrangements characterized by a high density of interaction between strangers that takes place in public places. This article analyses taxis as one kind of urban public place and as microsites for religion. Religion comes into play in three ways in Mumbai taxis: the religious practices, interests, and ideas of the drivers; religious material symbols placed on the outside and inside of taxis; and religion as a topic of communication between drivers and passengers. The importance of the car for the subsistence of its operators (drivers and owners) is often reflected in acts of worship related to it. The perceived risk of their business on the streets of Mumbai can make religion a potentially relevant protective device. Most taxis carried one or several religious symbols—with a preference for Ganesh and the Shirdi Sai Baba—but the aesthetic codes of Hindu and Muslim operators are markedly different. While religion was not a common topic of conversation between drivers and passengers, some drivers expressed a kind of common all-embracing universalist folk-theology: God is the same, even though religions differ.
Hegel’s “Philosophic” Approach to World History
Authors: Sedgwick Sally 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hegel appears to follow in Kant’s footsteps in characterizing his idea of the purposive development of history as “a priori”. But he also asserts that his “philosophic” treatment of world history must pass the test of actual history. Hegel is committed to the assumption, then, that his unique philosophic approach is somehow both a priori and empirically verifiable. He therefore presents his readers with the challenge of explaining how he can represent his method in these apparently incompatible ways. It is suggested in this chapter that the solution to this puzzle sheds considerable light on Hegel’s unique conception of human reason and freedom. He aims to persuade us that these special capacities and their products must be understood to in some way combine the a priori and the empirical.
Freedom’s Necessary Limits
Authors: Sedgwick Sally 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to further illuminate and explore implications of Hegel’s claim that our freedom is anchored in nature, or more broadly, in the realm of what is. In his view, human freedom is a capacity we possess not as “noumenal” natures but as animals endowed with special powers of abstraction and reflection. Hegel in addition argues that freedom’s products (that is, its concepts and laws) are indebted to nature and history in some way. Freedom’s concepts and laws are not pregiven; rather, they are acquired in human time and in the course of world history. Our idea of freedom develops, as does our understanding of the conditions of our freedom’s satisfaction. This development is propelled forward by interactions obtaining between our natural capacity for reflection and concrete forces of nature and history.
Empowering Future People by Empowering the Young?
Authors: John Tyler M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter starts from the claim that the state is plagued with problems of political short-termism: excessive priority given to near-term benefits at the expense of benefits further in the future. One possible mechanism to reduce short-termism involves apportioning greater relative political influence to the young since younger citizens generally have greater additional life expectancy than older citizens and thus it looks reasonable to expect that they have preferences that are extended further into the future. But the chapter shows that this is unlikely to make states significantly less short-termist: no empirical relationship has been found between age and willingness to support long-termist policies. Instead, the chapter proposes a more promising age-based mechanism. States should develop youth citizens’ assemblies that ensure accountability to future generations through a scheme of retrospective accountability.
An Education Resource Account for Early School Leavers
Authors: Cormier Andrée-Anne , Brighouse Harry 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that school should cease to be compulsory at age 16 and that an education resource account (ERA) should be established for students who leave school at that age. The ERA would be sufficient to cover three years of full-time education. It could be linked to inflation and early school leavers could use it in accredited non-profit educational institutions at any later point in their lives. Two sets of arguments are discussed in support of the proposal. The first, building on the empirical literature, focuses on efficiency and highlights the advantages of an ERA with respect to the ‘disruptive’ students issue in particular. The second set of arguments is anti-paternalistic. The chapter distinguishes three anti-paternalistic arguments: the view that individuals are the best judges of their own welfare, the idea that autonomous decision-making is a component of well-being, and a respect-based view of what renders anti-paternalism wrong.
Ageing in Place and Autonomy
Authors: Angell Kim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ‘age-friendly cities’ initiative aimed at enhancing people’s opportunity to age in place. It presents an autonomy-based defence of the idea and examines the moral claim that the elderly can make in support of their ability to age in place. The chapter emphasizes, among other considerations, that ageing in place can have cognitive benefits through the routines and habits made possible by familiar environments. However, the chapter also highlights that the claims of the elderly can come into conflict with the claims of the young. We should not only look at today’s elderly but also anticipate how today’s young will fare when they get old. The chapter concludes by making the case for an ‘all-age-friendly’ (or even ‘young-friendly’) interpretation of the age-friendly cities initiative, while also insisting on the importance of policies benefiting low-income families (regardless of age) and promoting intergenerational housing initiatives.
Two Types of Age-Sensitive Taxation
Authors: Valente Manuel Sá 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses what maximin egalitarians should think about two types of age-sensitive taxation. One is a form of cumulative income taxation, which taxes yearly incomes taking into account all earlier income years instead of only the last one. The second is age-differentiated taxation, which taxes yearly incomes adjusting the rate to the taxpayer’s age. The chapter first presents the main reasons supporting cumulative income taxation and then proceeds to look at how it affects fiscal obligations across life. Then it argues that egalitarians should aim at a fiscal reform that benefits the young and the elderly but not the middle-aged. Finally, it questions whether cumulative income taxes can deliver this without resorting to age-differentiated taxes. The chapter shows that while cumulative income taxation can benefit the young derly.
European Migration Law
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This book has been written to help readers navigate the often Byzantine European rulebook on migration at a time when it has become increasingly difficult to keep an oversight. More than three dozen directives and regulations are discussed throughout this volume, together with numerous court judgments, international treaties, reform proposals, and factual developments. Our objective is to provide readers with a mental map which empowers them to find solutions to pressing political, practical, and legal challenges. Eighteen chapters present core features of visas and border controls, asylum and legal migration, integration and return, association agreements, and international cooperation. This comprehensive assessment of ‘European migration law’ introduces beginners to the state of the art and serves as a reliable inventory for experts. Several audiences will consult this reference work: policy experts, legal practitioners, and academic researchers. Careful inspection of EU legislation and Court judgments shall be accompanied by due attention to domestic and international developments, as well as contextual factors influencing the real world of migratory movements. Whereas newcomers will use this book as a gateway into a fascinating area of study, experts will benefit from extra information. Policy experts and critical observers will appreciate the interdisciplinary comments on the driving forces of migration and the theoretical models that lie beneath the legal material.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Methodology
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of the multiple economic, social, political, and cultural drivers of migration is essential for the design of reasonably well-functioning policies, especially in the areas of asylum and return. The rich literature sheds light on the underlying dynamics. Comments are not limited to the drivers of migration. Whereas legal experts concentrate on the interpretation of the law, other disciplines explore the making and the effects of migration policies. Sceptical public opinions support restrictions in times of increasing politicisation, and critical studies emphasise that perceptions of threat and normative preferences can be influenced by the use of language. Sociolegal research in the ethnographic tradition shows the impact of migrant agency and street-level bureaucracy. Policy experts can use these interdisciplinary insights to improve the policy output, whereas legal scholars can develop sophisticated research designs; doing so combines doctrinal hermeneutics with a critical awareness of the law as an instrument of government.
Human Rights and State Sovereignty
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite being a cross-border phenomenon by definition, migratory movements are not governed by public international law to a significant extent. The Refugee Convention and human rights are the exception to the rule. Chapter 5 concentrates on the tension between state sovereignty and human rights in the evolution of European migration law, which builds upon earlier forms of state control over the entry and stay of foreigners that emerged during the long nineteenth century as a by-product of the formation of sovereign statehood. Human rights serve as a counterpoint to state sovereignty in contemporary Europe, with elements of dynamism coinciding with scenarios of standstill in the human rights case law. Our remarks focus on the contribution of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Refugee Convention, and international treaty bodies or diplomatic fora, including the Global Compacts adopted in 2018. These general explanations on the international dimension of migration law prepare the ground for sector-specific comments on human rights, refugee law, and international treaties in the substantive chapters.