bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Game analysis of social capital violations and government regulation in public–private partnership risk sharing
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Xinyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe public–private partnership (PPP) mode entails a variety of risks because the government, private enterprises, financial institutions, and other participants have different interests. To prevent private enterprise violations, dynamic government regulation of PPP risk‐sharing is necessary. Game theory is used here to examine the game behavior of government regulators, private enterprises, intermediary agencies, and the public in the stage of tracking management after the initial risk‐sharing of the project. Primarily, this study analyzes whether private enterprises provide fully compliant reporting and whether government departments check the information by investigating the behavioral motivations behind strategic choices. The primary contribution of this study was to construct a game model of government due diligence inspection under the condition of public participation in regulation. The results of simulations revealed the behavioral characteristics and stability of the participants of PPP in terms of decision‐making. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis between the state variables and several auxiliary variables was used to reveal the internal relationships of the participants’ strategic choices. This paper offers new insights into reducing violation behavior, protecting the public interest from harm, reducing government departments’ regulatory costs, and promoting effective regulation with public participation.
Dry food affects the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dogs
Authors: Usuga Alexandra , Rojano Benjamín Alberto , Duque Juan Camilo , Mesa Carolina , Restrepo Oliver , Gomez Luis Miguel , Restrepo Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncluding adequate concentrations of antioxidants in dog diets has been recommended to reduce their vulnerability to the action of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress in dogs has been associated with a wide range of diseases and disorders, as well as with ageing. There are few reports about the influence of diet on dog's antioxidant profile and oxidative stress.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of dry dog food on the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dogs.MethodsSix Beagle dog males were used. The study included four experimental diets (dry foods A–D). Each dry food was supplied for 5 weeks to all dogs, for a total of 24 weeks, including an adaptation week between one food and another. For each dry dog food, the total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Each week, a blood sample was collected to measure ROS and TAC of plasma. A crossover repeated measures design was used. Mixed models were adjusted, and means were compared using the Tukey test.ResultsFood A had the highest values for TPC and TAC. Food C had the lowest levels of ROS, whereas food B had the highest TAC in the blood plasma. The dog had a significant influence on the redox state of its blood plasma, even when the same dog was fed the different dry foods.ConclusionDry dog food influences the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dog's blood plasma; however, this seems to be unrelated to the antioxidant profile of the food.
Operational islands and black hole dissipation in JT gravity
Authors: De Vuyst Julian , Mertens Thomas G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, we revisit the problem of finding entanglement islands in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We implement the following adjustments to the traditional setup: (1) we do not explicitly couple to a non-gravitating system, instead we implement only pure absorption into a fiducial detector, (2) we utilise the operationally defined renormalised matter entanglement entropy, as defined by the boundary observer’s wordline. We show that this leads to a unitary Page curve that we explicitly compute, with an island outside of the event horizon. Next, we extend the analysis to a charged and/or supersymmetric black hole. We find that in a certain regime the charged black hole grows first as it emits superradiation before eventually dissipating. We obtain similar results when embedding the system in a supersymmetric setting.
Flavor structures of quarks and leptons from flipped SU(5) GUT with A4 modular flavor symmetry
Authors: Du Xiao Kang , Wang Fei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose to generate the flavor structures of the Standard Model plus neutrinos from flipped SU(5) GUT with A4 modular flavor symmetry. Possible way to assign different moduli values for quarks and leptons in modular GUT scheme is discussed. We propose to reduce the multiple modular symmetries to a single modular symmetry in the low energy effective theory with proper boundary conditions. We classify all possible scenarios in this scheme according to the assignments of the modular A4 representations for matter superfields and give the expressions of the quark and lepton mass matrices predicted by our scheme at the GUT scale. After properly selecting the modular weights for various superfields that can lead to better fitting, we can obtain the best-fit points with the corresponding χ2 values for the sample subscenarios. We find that the flavor structures of the Standard Model plus neutrinos can be fitted perfectly in such a A4 modular flavor GUT scheme with single or two modulus fields. Especially, the $$ {\chi}_{\textrm{total}}^2 $$

χ
total
2

of our fitting can be as low as 1.558 for sample IX′ of scenario III even if only a single common modulus field for both quark and lepton sectors is adopted. The most predictive scenario III, in which all superfields transform as triplets of A4, can be fitted much better with two independent moduli fields τq, τl for quark sector and lepton sector ($$ {\chi}_{\textrm{total}}^2 $$

χ
total
2

≈ 95) than that with the single modulus case ($$ {\chi}_{\textrm{total}}^2 $$

χ
total
2

≈ 282.4).
Chiral higher-spin holography in flat space: the Flato-Fronsdal theorem and lower-point functions
Authors: Ponomarev Dmitry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We prove the flat space analogue of the Flato-Fronsdal theorem. It features the flat space singleton representation suggested recently. We do that by deriving a kernel that intertwines a pair of singleton representations with massless higher-spin fields in flat space. Next, we derive two-point functions of flat space singletons, which are then used to construct two- and three-point scattering amplitudes in the dual theory of massless higher-spin fields. These amplitudes agree with amplitudes in the chiral higher-spin theory.
Analytic treatment of 3-flavor neutrino oscillation and decay in matter
Authors: Chattopadhyay Dibya S. , Chakraborty Kaustav , Dighe Amol , Goswami Srubabati 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present compact analytic expressions for 3-flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities with invisible neutrino decay, where matter effects have been explicitly included. We take into account the possibility that the oscillation and decay components of the effective Hamiltonian do not commute. This is achieved by employing the techniques of inverse Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) expansion and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem applied in the 3-flavor framework. If only the vacuum mass eigenstate ν3 decays, we show that the treatment of neutrino propagation may be reduced to an effective 2-flavor analysis in the One Mass Scale Dominance (OMSD) approximation. The oscillation probabilities for Pμμ, Pee, Peμ and Pμe — relevant for reactor, long baseline and atmospheric neutrino experiments — are obtained as perturbative expansions for the case of only ν3 decay, as well as for the more general scenario where all components of the decay matrix are non-zero. The analytic results thus obtained match the exact numerical results for constant density matter to a high precision and provide physical insights into possible effects of the decay of neutrinos as they propagate through Earth matter. We find that the effects of neutrino decay are most likely to be observable in Pμμ. We also point out that at any long baseline, the oscillation dips in Pμμ can show higher survival probabilities in the case with decay than without decay, and explain this feature using our analytic approximations.
Blackbox: Psychosoziale Fälle in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Ruegenberg Alina , Schmiedhofer Martina , Kreutzberg Anika , Henschke Cornelia , Möckel Martin , Slagman Anna 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
Ziel der Studie ist a) die Prävalenzerfassung psychosozialer Notfälle in der Notaufnahme, b) die Ermittlung des Anteils der nicht als (Neben‑)Diagnose kodierten psychosozialen Fälle (Dunkelziffer) und c) die Charakterisierung identifizierter Patient*innen.

Methodik
In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden psychosoziale Notfälle einer Kalenderwoche aus der Routinedokumentation der zentralen Notaufnahme (ZNA) der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) identifiziert. Nach Ausschluss von geplant aufgenommenen Fällen wurden 862 Patient*innen in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die identifizierten psychosozialen Notfälle wurden hinsichtlich ihrer soziodemografischen und klinischen Merkmale deskriptiv analysiert und mit anderen Notfällen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Prävalenz psychosozialer Notfälle unter Notaufnahmepatient*innen im angegebenen Zeitraum betrug 11,9 % (n = 103). Ein Großteil der psychosozialen Notfälle war in den Diagnosen nicht (35,9 %) oder nicht vollständig (20,4 %) kodiert. Es gab einen statistisch relevanten Unterschied in der Geschlechterverteilung mit einem signifikant höheren Männeranteil unter den psychosozialen Notfällen (70,9 %) im Vergleich zu anderen Notfällen (50,7 %; p < 0,0001). Die 2 häufigsten Behandlungsanlässe unter den psychosozialen Notfällen waren Substanzmissbrauch (66,0 %) und Obdachlosigkeit (20,4 %).

Schlussfolgerungen
Diese Studie zeigt einen relevanten Anteil an in den Routinedaten dokumentierten psychosozialen Behandlungsanlässen an allen Behandlungsanlässen in der Notaufnahme und einen hohen Anteil von in den kodierten Diagnosen nicht erfassten Fällen (Dunkelziffer) auf. Notaufnahmen stellen somit eine wichtige Anlaufstelle für vulnerable Patient*innengruppen dar, die dort bisher nicht ausreichend identifiziert werden.
Sex-differences in anxiety, neuroinflammatory markers, and enhanced fear learning following chronic heroin withdrawal
Authors: Parekh Shveta V. , Adams Lydia O. , Barkell Gillian A. , Lysle Donald T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are comorbid in clinical populations. However, both pre-clinical and clinical studies of these co-occurring disorders have disproportionately represented male subjects, limiting the applicability of these findings. Our previous work has identified chronic escalating heroin administration and withdrawal can produce enhanced fear learning. This behavior is associated with an increase in dorsal hippocampal (DH) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Further, we have shown that these increases in IL-1β and TNF-α are mechanistically necessary for the development of enhanced fear learning. Although these are exciting findings, this paradigm has only been studied in males. The current studies aim to examine sex differences in the behavioral and neuroimmune effects of chronic heroin withdrawal and future enhanced fear learning. In turn, we determined that chronic escalating heroin administration can produce withdrawal in female rats comparable to male rats. Subsequently, we examined the consequence of heroin withdrawal on future enhanced fear learning and IL-1β, TNF-α, and GFAP immunoreactivity. Strikingly, we identified sex differences in these neuroimmune measures, as chronic heroin administration and withdrawal does not produce enhanced fear learning or immunoreactivity changes in females. Moreover, we determined whether heroin withdrawal produces short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in both female and males. Collectively, these novel experiments are the first to test whether heroin withdrawal can sensitize future fear learning, produce neurobiological changes, and cause short-term and long-term anxiety behaviors in female rats.
A V–Y fasciocutaneous flap for perineal reconstruction following abdominoperineal resection: quicker and better than a myocutaneous gluteal flap?
Authors: Gertler Joshua N. , Sommar Pehr , Lindqvist Ebba K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Abdominoperineal resection in patients with anorectal malignancies may require flap reconstruction for large perineal defects as an adjunct to the oncologic surgery. Perineal reconstruction should be timely, safe, and yield good long-term functional results. There is no agreement on the ideal approach.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational cohort study to compare clinical outcomes and post-operative complications between a musculocutaneous gluteal flap and a fasciocutaneous V–Y flap for perineal reconstruction. We included all patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection at Karolinska University Hospital between 2016 and 2019. Patient demographics and comorbidities, as well as treatment data, post-operative complications, and follow-up data, were collected from medical records.

Results
A total of 44 patients were included with a mean age of 65 years where 73% were men. Reconstruction was made with a musculocutaneous gluteal flap in 19 patients (43%) and with a fasciocutaneous V–Y flap in 25 patients (57%). Flap-related post-operative complications occurred in 39% of the patients and the incidence did not differ between the groups (p = 0.831). Neither operative time, time to ambulant mobility, time to drain removal, nor time to epidural removal differed between the groups (p > 0.05). Four patients in the gluteal flap group and one patient in the V–Y flap group presented with long-term complications.

Conclusions
Post-operative complications are common after perineal reconstruction following abdominoperineal resection regardless of reconstructive approach. Our study confirms that both a fasciocutaneous and a musculocutaneous flap are acceptable options for perineal reconstruction.
Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study.
Impact of the Intermittent Pringle Maneuver for Predicting Post‐hepatectomy Liver Failure: A Cohort Study of 597 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Morino Koshiro , Seo Satoru , Yoh Tomoaki , Toda Rei , Yoshino Kenji , Nishio Takahiro , Yamamoto Gen , Ishii Takamichi , Taura Kojiro , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent Pringle maneuver (PM) is widely performed to reduce blood loss during hepatectomy; however, its impact on clinically relevant post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the impact of PM on PHLF and explore whether PM provides additional value for predicting PHLF.MethodsConsecutive patients, who underwent hepatectomy without biliary and/or vascular reconstruction between 2011 and 2018 in a single institution, were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome was PHLF grades B/C as defined by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. A multivariable logistic regression model of variables significantly associated with PHLF was established. The model's predictive ability was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsAmong 597 patients, PHLF occurred in 42 (7.0%). PM was applied in 421 patients (70.5%) and was associated with the development of PHLF (PM vs. no‐PM: 9.7 vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001). After the propensity score matching, patients with PM experienced significantly increased rates of PHLF (P = 0.010). Rem‐ALPlat index (including future liver remnant, preoperative albumin level, and platelet count; P < 0.001), the number of PMs (P = 0.032), and blood loss (P = 0.007) were identified as significant predictors of PHLF. The model's AUROC combined with the intraoperative variables was higher than that of the preoperative model alone (0.877 vs. 0.789, P = 0.004).ConclusionsPM was involved in the occurrence of clinically relevant PHLF. Further, intraoperative factors including PM may provide additional value to predict PHLF and may facilitate early post‐hepatectomy intervention.
B3-Läsionen der Mamma: Histologische, klinische und epidemiologische Aspekte
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna , Sinn Peter , Lebeau Annette 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungB3-Läsionen der Mamma stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von Läsionen mit unsicherem Malignitätspotenzial dar, welche histologisch klar definierte Diagnosen beinhalten und welche in diagnostischem und therapeutischem Kontext unterschiedlich gewichtet und behandelt werden. Vor allem die Entscheidung über die Schritte nach der Diagnose einer B3-Läsion an Stanzbiopsie oder Vakuumbiopsie können eine Herausforderung darstellen. B3-Läsionen werden oft wegen bildgebenden Kalzifikationen oder Herdbefunden entdeckt und biopsiert. Histologisch können die Veränderungen einer Reihe von häufigen Diagnosen (wie die atypische duktale Hyperplasie, die klassische lobuläre Neoplasie, flache Epithelatypien, intraduktale Papillome, radiäre Narben oder fibroepitheliale Tumoren vom Typ eines Phylloidestumors) oder seltenen Diagnosen (wie Mukozelen-ähnliche Läsion, atypische apokrine Läsionen und seltene stromale Proliferate) zugeordnet werden. Immunhistochemie ist hilfreich in der Differenzierung und einer korrekten nomenklatorischen Zuordnung dieser Läsionen (vor allem Östrogenrezeptoren, basale Zytokeratine, Myoepithelmarker oder stromale Markerpanel). Im klinischen Kontext bleibt die Korrelation der bildgebenden und histologischen Befunde der wichtigste Faktor in der Entscheidung der nächsten diagnostischen/therapeutischen Schritte.
Hospital rating websites play a minor role for uro-oncologic patients when choosing a hospital for major surgery: results of the German multicenter NAVIGATOR-study
Authors: Groeben Christer , Boehm Katharina , Koch Rainer , Sonntag Ulrich , Nestler Tim , Struck Julian , Heck Matthias , Baunacke Martin , Uhlig Annemarie , Koelker Mara , Meyer Christian P. , Becker Benedikt , Salem Johannes , Huber Johannes , Leitsmann Marianne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hospital rating websites (HRW) offer decision support in hospital choice for patients. To investigate the impact of HRWs of uro-oncological patients undergoing elective surgery in Germany.

Methods
From 01/2020 to 04/2021, patients admitted for radical prostatectomy, radical cystectomy, or renal tumor surgery received a questionnaire on decision-making in hospital choice and the use of HRWs at 10 German urologic clinics.

Results
Our study includes n = 812 completed questionnaires (response rate 81.2%). The mean age was 65.2 ± 10.2 years; 16.5% were women. Patients were scheduled for prostatectomy in 49.1%, renal tumor surgery in 20.3%, and cystectomy in 13.5% (other 17.1%). Following sources of information influenced the decision process of hospital choice: urologists’ recommendation (52.6%), previous experience in the hospital (20.3%), recommendations from social environment (17.6%), the hospital's website (10.8%) and 8.2% used other sources. Only 4.3% (n = 35) used a HRW for decision making. However, 29% changed their hospital choice due to the information provided HRW. The most frequently used platforms were Weisse-Liste.de (32%), the AOK-Krankenhausnavigator (13%) and Qualitaetskliniken.de (8%). On average, patients rated positively concerning satisfaction with the respective HRW on the Acceptability E-Scale (mean values of the individual items: 1.8–2.1).

Conclusion
In Germany, HRWs play a minor role for uro-oncologic patients undergoing elective surgery. Instead, personal consultation of the treating urologist seems to be far more important. Although patients predominantly rated the provided information of the HRW as positive, only a quarter of users changed the initial choice of hospital.
Concepts of association between cancer and ionising radiation: accounting for specific biological mechanisms
Authors: Eidemüller Markus , Becker Janine , Kaiser Jan Christian , Ulanowski Alexander , Apostoaei A. Iulian , Hoffman F. Owen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe probability that an observed cancer was caused by radiation exposure is usually estimated using cancer rates and risk models from radioepidemiological cohorts and is called assigned share (AS). This definition implicitly assumes that an ongoing carcinogenic process is unaffected by the studied radiation exposure. However, there is strong evidence that radiation can also accelerate an existing clonal development towards cancer. In this work, we define different association measures that an observed cancer was newly induced, accelerated, or retarded. The measures were quantified exemplarily by Monte Carlo simulations that track the development of individual cells. Three biologically based two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) models were applied. In the first model, radiation initiates cancer development, while in the other two, radiation has a promoting effect, i.e. radiation accelerates the clonal expansion of pre-cancerous cells. The parameters of the TSCE models were derived from breast cancer data from the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. For exposure at age 30, all three models resulted in similar estimates of AS at age 60. For the initiation model, estimates of association were nearly identical to AS. However, for the promotion models, the cancerous clonal development was frequently accelerated towards younger ages, resulting in associations substantially higher than AS. This work shows that the association between a given cancer and exposure in an affected person depends on the underlying biological mechanism and can be substantially larger than the AS derived from classic radioepidemiology.
Frailty as a predictor of mortality and readmission rate in secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Uzel Robert , Rezar Richard , Bruno Raphael Romano , Wernly Sarah , Jung Christian , Delle Karth Georg , Datz Christian , Hoppichler Friedrich , Wernly Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Introduction
Selection in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (MR) to identify responders to interventions is challenging. In these patients, frailty might be used as a multidimensional parameter to summarize the resilience to stressors. Our objective was to evaluate frailty as a predictor of outcome in patients with moderate to severe secondary MR.

Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective observational cohort study and included 239 patients with moderate to severe secondary MR aged 65 years or older between 2014 and 2020. Echocardiography was performed at baseline; frailty was evaluated using the clinical frailty scale (CFS). The combined primary endpoint was hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 53% (127) of all patients were classified as CFS 4 (living with mild frailty) or higher. Frail patients had a higher risk for the combined endpoint (hazard ratio, HR 3.70, 95% confidence interval, CI 2.12–6.47; p < 0.001), 1‑year mortality (HR 5.94, 95% CI 1.76–20.08; p < 0.001) even after adjustment for EuroSCORE2. The CFS was predictive for the combined endpoint (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.62–0.75) and outperformed EuroSCORE2 (AUC 0.54, 95% CI 0.46–0.62; p = 0.01). In sensitivity analyses, we found that frailty was associated with adverse outcomes at least in trend in all subgroups.

Conclusion
For older, medically treated patients with moderate to severe secondary mitral regurgitation, frailty is an independent predictor for the occurrence of death and heart failure-related readmission within 1 year and outperformed the EuroSCORE2. Frailty should be assessed routinely in patients with heart failure to guide clinical decision making for mitral valve interventions or conservative treatment.