bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bryoherms from the lower Sarmatian (upper Serravallian, Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys
Authors: Piller Werner E. , Harzhauser Mathias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBryozoan–serpulid–algal–thrombolite bioherms of up to 50 cm size are described from the Sarmatian (upper Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys. They occur on top of lower Sarmatian carbonate sediments of high-energy conditions and the individual bioherms settle on crests of ripples. The buildups are overlain and partly truncated by cross-bedded oolites of late Sarmatian age. Buildup growth starts with aCryptosula/Hydroides(bryozoan/serpulid) pioneer community, followed by nodularSchizoporella(bryozoan) colonies overgrown by coralline algae/microbial mats and a thrombolite with calcareous algal filaments. All these constituents form a framestone fabric which is overall dominated by bryozoans labeling them as bryoherms. Inside the bioherms ecological successions of higher frequencies occur which are interpreted to reflect short-time environmental fluctuations such as nutrient availability, oxygenation (possible anoxia), salinity (possible brackish water), temperature and water level. The internal succession in individual bioherms is related to long-term environmental changes including general shallowing, increasing nutrient supply and decreasing water circulation and oxygenation. The described bioherms are most similar to modern bryostromatolites of the Coorong lagoon in S Australia and also similar to structures in the Netherlands. The widespread occurrence of bryoherms/bryostromatolites in the Central Paratethys suggests a phase of considerable eutrophication during the early Sarmatian.
Subjective age and the association with intrinsic capacity, functional ability, and health among older adults in Norway
Authors: Langballe Ellen Melbye , Skirbekk Vegard , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationships between subjective age, intrinsic capacity, functional ability and health among Norwegians aged 60 years and older. The Norwegian Survey of Health and Ageing (NORSE) is a population-based, cross-sectional study of home-dwelling individuals aged 60–96 years in the former county of Oppland. Age- and sex-adjusted regression models were used to investigate the gap between subjective and chronological age and this gap’s association with self-reported and objectively measured intrinsic capacity (covering all six sub domains defined by WHO), health, and functional ability among 817 NORSE participants. The results show most participants felt younger than their chronological age (86.5%), while relatively few felt the same as their chronological age (8.3%) or older (5.2%). The mean subjective age was 13.8 years lower than mean chronological age. Participants with incontinence, poor vision, or poor hearing felt 3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.6, 5.5)], 2.9 [95% CI (0.2, 5.6)], and 2.9 [95% CI (0.3, 5.5)] years older, respectively, than participants without those conditions, whereas none of the following factors—anxiety, depression, chronic disease, Short Physical Performance Battery score, grip strength, cognition, or frailty—significantly had an impact on the gap. In line with prior research, this study finds that feeling considerably younger than one’s chronological age is common at older ages. However, those with poor hearing, poor vision, and incontinence felt less young compared to those not having these conditions. These relationships may exert undesirable effects on vitality and autonomy, which are considered key factors of intrinsic capacity and healthy ageing.
Point-based metric and topological localisation between lidar and overhead imagery
Authors: Tang Tim Yuqing , De Martini Daniele , Newman Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for solving the localisation of a ground lidar using overhead imagery only. Public overhead imagery such as Google satellite images are readily available resources. They can be used as the map proxy for robot localisation, relaxing the requirement for a prior traversal for mapping as in traditional approaches. While prior approaches have focused on the metric localisation between range sensors and overhead imagery, our method is the first to learn both place recognition and metric localisation of a ground lidar using overhead imagery, and also outperforms prior methods on metric localisation with large initial pose offsets. To bridge the drastic domain gap between lidar data and overhead imagery, our method learns to transform an overhead image into a collection of 2D points, emulating the resulting point-cloud scanned by a lidar sensor situated near the centre of the overhead image. After both modalities are expressed as point sets, point-based machine learning methods for localisation are applied.
Generative adversarial networks review in earthquake-related engineering fields
Authors: Marano Giuseppe Carlo , Rosso Marco Martino , Aloisio Angelo , Cirrincione Giansalvo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin seismology, geology, civil and structural engineering, deep learning (DL), especially via generative adversarial networks (GANs), represents an innovative, engaging, and advantageous way to generate reliable synthetic data that represent actual samples’ characteristics, providing a handy data augmentation tool. Indeed, in many practical applications, obtaining a significant number of high-quality information is demanding. Data augmentation is generally based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning data-driven models. The DL GAN-based data augmentation approach for generating synthetic seismic signals revolutionized the current data augmentation paradigm. This study delivers a critical state-of-art review, explaining recent research into AI-based GAN synthetic generation of ground motion signals or seismic events, and also with a comprehensive insight into seismic-related geophysical studies. This study may be relevant, especially for the earth and planetary science, geology and seismology, oil and gas exploration, and on the other hand for assessing the seismic response of buildings and infrastructures, seismic detection tasks, and general structural and civil engineering applications. Furthermore, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the current studies on adversarial learning applied to seismology may help to guide research efforts in the next future toward the most promising directions.
The importance of fine-scale landscape characteristics for habitat selection in penguins
Authors: Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Iasiello Larissa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvestigating the ecology of a species and the spatial requirements needed for their survival within an environment can improve and help develop conservation measures. In this study, we reviewed the literature describing the importance of fine-scale landscape characteristics on the distribution of penguin species. We then investigated little penguin nest-site use across eleven colonies in South Australia, with a focus on nest type, vegetation cover, nest entrance orientation, proximity to the nearest active nest, and side of the island. We showed that both abiotic and biotic variables were important for nest-site use in penguins and that the specific variables varied between species and populations. Little penguins in South Australia did not appear to use nest sites randomly, and active nests were mostly found on the northern side of the island and facing east or west. Our study highlights the importance of gaining a better understanding of penguin nest-site use, and their fitness consequences for populations, to ensure effective conservation outcomes.
Effect of alkalinity on the diffusion of solvent-fractionated lignin through cellulose membranes
Authors: Ghaffari Roujin , Almqvist Henrik , Idström Alexander , Sapouna Ioanna , Evenäs Lars , Lidén Gunnar , Lawoko Martin , Larsson Anette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMass transport of liberated lignin fragments from pits and fiber walls into black liquor is considered a determining step in the delignification process. However, our current understanding of the diffusion of lignin through cellulose and the influential parameter on this process is very limited. A comprehensive and detailed study of lignin mass transport through cellulosic materials is, therefore, of great importance. In this study, diffusion cell methodology is implemented to systematically investigate the transport of fractionated kraft lignin molecules through model cellulose membranes. Pulping is a complex process and lignin is very heterogenous material therefore to perform a more detailed study on lignin diffusion, we included an additional solvent fractionation step. One of the benefits of this method is that the setup can be adjusted to various experimental conditions allowing the complex chemical reactions occurring during pulping, which would affect the mass transfer of lignin, to be avoided. Here, the effects of the alkalinity of the aqueous solution and molecular weight of the kraft lignin molecules on their diffusion were investigated. Additionally, NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the starting material and the molecules that passed through the membrane. Lignin molecules detected in the acceptor chamber of the diffusion cells had lower molecular weights, indicating a size fractionation between the donor and acceptor chamber. UV/Vis showed higher concentrations of ionized conjugated kraft lignin molecules in the acceptor chamber, which is a sign of chemical fractionation. This study suggests that the diffusion of lignin through small cellulose pores can be enhanced by decreasing the average molecular weight of the diffusing kraft lignin molecules and increasing alkalinity.
Losers and losses of COVID-19: a directed technical change analysis with fiscal and monetary policies
Authors: Afonso Oscar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a directed technical change growth model with both public and private sectors. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, labor productivity and R &D activity in the private sector are considered to have a negative shock. The former shock causes an immediate fall in the private premium, which can be reversed during transition dynamics towards the steady-state. Fiscal policies are materialized in direct and indirect R &D subsidies, and the monetary policies consist of relaxing cash-in-advance restrictions. An appropriate fiscal policy, together or not with monetary policy, can restore the pre-shock situation. Monetary policy is reinforced in the presence of monetary-transaction costs on consumption and of money-in-the-utility function.
Human health risk associated with metal exposure at Agbogbloshie e-waste site and the surrounding neighbourhood in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Dodd Matt , Amponsah Lydia Otoo , Grundy Stephen , Darko Godfred 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAgbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana, was a center for informal e-waste recycling until it was closed recently. This study investigated the potential health risks of toxic metals (including As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) found in the surface soils based on their concentrations and in vitro bioaccessibility. Mean concentrations at the burning sites were As: 218; Cd: 65; Cr: 182; Cu: 15,841; Ni: 145; Pb: 6,106; Sb: 552; and Zn: 16,065 mg/kg while the dismantling sites had mean concentrations of As: 23; Cd: 38; Cr: 342; Cu: 3239; Ni: 96; Pb: 681; Sb: 104; and Zn: 1658 mg/kg. The findings confirmed the enrichment of potentially toxic metals at the dismantling and burning sites, exceeding international environmental soil quality guidelines. Based on the total metal concentrations, bioaccessibility, and calculated risk indices, the risks associated with incidental ingestion of soil-borne metal contaminants at the dismantling and burning sites were very high. Despite evidence of higher metal concentrations in the communities near the burning and dismantling sites, the human health risk associated with soil ingestion was significantly lower in the surrounding neighborhood.
Optimizing the Design of an Estuarine Water Quality Monitoring Network by Optimal Control Techniques
Authors: Alvarez-Vázquez Lino J. , Martínez Aurea , Rodríguez Carmen , Vázquez-Méndez Miguel E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a novel methodology in order to automatically optimize the location of the sampling points for a water quality monitoring network in an estuary, in such a way that any unknown pollution source can be identified (both in intensity and location) from the data supplied by those sampling points. In the central part of the article, after a rigorous mathematical formulation of the environmental problem, the full details of its numerical implementation are given. Finally, we present and analyze the results when applying the above proposed technique to study a real case in Ría of Vigo (northwestern Spain).
Features and Bugs in Schnieder’s Theory of Properties
Authors: Båve Arvid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough Benjamin Schnieder’s theory of the “ordinary conception” of properties successfully handles paradoxical properties—particularly, the property of non-self-instantiation—it fails to account for ordinary, non-pathological cases. The theory allows the inference of ‘a has the property of being F’ only given F(a) and the prior assertibility of ‘the property of being F can exist’. While this allows us to block an inference to a contradiction, it also blocks all of the non-pathological instances of the inference from ‘a is F’ to ‘a has the property of being F’. It thereby fails both as a theory of the ordinary conception and as a replacement of the ordinary notion, assuming the latter is defective.
Framework for unsupervised incremental evolution of stylized images
Authors: Uhde Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines and showcases a framework to generate artworks using evolutionary algorithms. Based on the idea of an incremental abstract artistic process stylized images are generated from different input images without human supervision. After explaining the underlying concept, the solution space of different styles is explored and its properties for style consistency and style variety are discussed. A first step towards better control of the outcome is implemented through masking, followed by a discussion about potential improvements and further research.
Improving diagnosis-based cost groups in the Dutch risk equalization model: the effects of a new clustering method and allowing for multimorbidity
Authors: Oskam Michel , van Kleef Richard C. , van Vliet René C. J. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealth insurance markets with community-rated premiums typically use risk equalization (RE) to compensate insurers for predictable profits on people in good health and predictable losses on those with a chronic disease. Over the past decades RE models have evolved from simple demographic models to sophisticated health-based models. Despite the improvements, however, non-trivial predictable profits and losses remain. This study examines to what extent the Dutch RE model can be further improved by redesigning one key morbidity adjuster: the Diagnosis-based Cost Groups (DCGs). This redesign includes (1) revision of the underlying hospital diagnoses and treatments (‘dxgroups’), (2) application of a new clustering procedure, and (3) allowing multi-qualification. We combine data on spending, risk characteristics and hospital claims for all individuals with basic health insurance in the Netherlands in 2017 (N = 17 m) with morbidity data from general practitioners (GPs) for a subsample (N = 1.3 m). We first simulate a baseline RE model (i.e., the RE model of 2020) and then modify three important features of the DCGs. In a second step, we evaluate the effect of the modifications in terms of predictable profits and losses for subgroups of consumers that are potentially vulnerable to risk selection. While less prominent results are found for subgroups derived from the GP data, our results demonstrate substantial reductions in predictable profits and losses at the level of dxgroups and for individuals with multiple dxgroups. An important takeaway from our paper is that smart design of morbidity adjusters in RE can help mitigate selection incentives.
Self-reported glaucoma prevalence and related factors, contribution to reported visual impairment, and functional burden in a cross-sectional study in Colombia
Authors: Castellanos-Perilla Nicolás , Garcia-Cifuentes Elkin , Pineda-Ortega Juliana , Lema Sofia , Gelvis Geronimo , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos Alberto , Mejia-Vergara Alvaro J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Describe the self-reported prevalence of glaucoma in Colombian older adults, emphasizing the most important risk factors and associated daily-life functional alterations.

Methods
This a secondary analysis of the Health, Wellness, and Aging survey conducted in the year 2015. Diagnosis of glaucoma was obtained from self-report. Functional variables were assessed through activities of daily living questionnaires. A descriptive analysis followed by bivariate and multivariate regression models adjusting for confounding variables was conducted.

Results
Self-reported prevalence of glaucoma was 5.67%, with higher rate in women, OR 1.22 (1.13–1.40) p = .003, older age OR 1.02 (1.01–1.02) p < .001, and with higher education OR 1.38 (1.28–1.50) p < .001. Glaucoma was independently associated with diabetes OR 1.37 (1.18–1.61) p  < .001 and hypertension 1.26 (1.08–1.46) p = .003. It also showed statistically significant correlations with poor SRH OR 1.15 (1.02–1.32) p < .001, self-reported visual impairment 1.73 (1.50–2.01) p < .001, and impairment in money management OR 1.59 (1.16–2.08) p  = .002, grocery shopping OR 1.57 (1.26–1.96) p < .001 and preparing meals OR 1.31 (1.06–1.63) p  = .013 and having had falls during the last year OR 1.14 (1.01–1.31) p = 0.041.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest the self-reported prevalence of glaucoma in older adults in Colombia to be higher than reported data. Glaucoma and visual impairment in older adults represent a public health concern, since glaucoma was associated with adverse outcomes like functional loss and risk of falling, affecting the quality of life and their participation in society.
Clusters or paperbags? What can we actually learn from the structure and reactivity of oligonuclear metal-oxo-alkoxide complexes?
Authors: Kessler Vadim G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe term cluster has been proposed in Inorganic Chemistry for species featuring well-defined metal-metal bond based structures and implies inherent stability against metal core transformation. The present article provides additional arguments for the formation of metal oxo-alkoxide species on the action of external self-assembly forces, without invoking such stability. These species are easily restructured on hydrolysis in aqueous medium and their alleged photo and electro catalytic reactivity may actually be due to metal oxide nanoparticles resulting from their transformation. A new term “paperbag compound” is proposed instead of ‘cluster’ to denote oligonuclear non-cluster species. New insights into the reactivity of metal oxide nanoparticles in biological systems can be obtained from analysis of structure and bonding parameters in paperbag compounds as molecular models.
Graphical Abstract
Global shocks, cascading disruptions, and (re-)connections: viewing the COVID-19 pandemic as concurrent natural experiments to understand land system dynamics
Authors: Piquer-Rodríguez María , Friis Cecilie , Andriatsitohaina R. Ntsiva N. , Boillat Sébastien , Roig-Boixeda Paula , Cortinovis Chiara , Geneletti Davide , Ibarrola-Rivas Maria-Jose , Kelley Lisa C. , Llopis Jorge C. , Mack Elizabeth A. , Nanni Ana Sofía , Zaehringer Julie G. , Henebry Geoffrey M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Context
For nearly three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being and livelihoods, communities, and economies in myriad ways with consequences for social-ecological systems across the planet. The pandemic represents a global shock in multiple dimensions that has already, and is likely to continue to have, far-reaching effects on land systems and on those depending on them for their livelihoods.

Objectives
We focus on the observed effects of the pandemic on landscapes and people composing diverse land systems across the globe.

Methods
We highlight the interrelated impacts of the pandemic shock on the economic, health, and mobility dimensions of land systems using six vignettes from different land systems on four continents, analyzed through the lens of socio-ecological resilience and the telecoupling framework. We present preliminary comparative insights gathered through interviews, surveys, key informants, and authors’ observations and propose new research avenues for land system scientists.

Results
The pandemic’s effects have been unevenly distributed, context-specific, and dependent on the multiple connections that link land systems across the globe.

Conclusions
We argue that the pandemic presents concurrent “natural experiments” that can advance our understanding of the intricate ways in which global shocks produce direct, indirect, and spillover effects on local and regional landscapes and land systems. These propagating shock effects disrupt existing connections, forge new connections, and re-establish former connections between peoples, landscapes, and land systems.
Super Pragmatics of (linguistic-)pictorial discourse
Authors: Schlöder Julian J. , Altshuler Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent advances in the Super Linguistics of pictures have laid the Super Semantic foundation for modelling the phenomena of narrative sequencing and co-reference in pictorial and mixed linguistic-pictorial discourses. We take up the question of how one arrives at the pragmatic interpretations of such discourses. In particular, we offer an analysis of: (i) the discourse composition problem: how to represent the joint meaning of a multi-picture discourse, (ii) observed differences in narrative sequencing in prima facie equivalent linguistic vs pictorial discourses, and (iii) the phenomenon of co-referencing across pictures. We extend Segmented Discourse Representation Theory to spell out a formal Super Pragmatics that applies to linguistic, pictorial and mixed discourses, while respecting the particular ‘genius’ of either medium and computing their distinctive pragmatic interpretations.
Artificial intelligence centric scientific research on COVID-19: an analysis based on scientometrics data
Authors: Shukla Amit K. , Seth Taniya , Muhuri Pranab K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the spread of the deadly coronavirus disease throughout the geographies of the globe, expertise from every field has been sought to fight the impact of the virus. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially, has been the center of attention due to its capability to produce trustworthy results in a reasonable time. As a result, AI centric based research on coronavirus (or COVID-19) has been receiving growing attention from different domains ranging from medicine, virology, and psychiatry etc. We present this comprehensive study that closely monitors the impact of the pandemic on global research activities related exclusively to AI. In this article, we produce highly informative insights pertaining to publications, such as the best articles, research areas, most productive and influential journals, authors, and institutions. Studies are made on top 50 most cited articles to identify the most influential AI subcategories. We also study the outcome of research from different geographic areas while identifying the research collaborations that have had an impact. This study also compares the outcome of research from the different countries around the globe and produces insights on the same.