bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aperture-encoded snapshot hyperspectral imaging with a lensless camera
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Lee Kyung Chul , Baek Nakkyu , Chae Hyesuk , Lee Seung Ah 
Published: June 2023

We present a lensless snapshot hyperspectral camera that is capable of hyperspectral imaging over a broad spectrum using a compact and low-cost hardware configuration. We leverage the multiplexing capability of a lensless camera, a novel type of computational imaging device that replaces the lens with a thin mask. Our device utilizes a linear variable filter and a phase mask to encode spectral information onto a monochromatic image sensor, enabling recovery of hyperspectral image stacks from a single measurement by utilizing spectral information encoded in different parts of the 2D point spread function. We perform spectral calibration using a reference color chart and verify the prototype device’s spectral and spatial resolution, as well as its imaging field of view. We report on the design and construction of the device, the image reconstruction algorithm, and spectral calibration methods and present hyperspectral images ranging from 410 to 800 nm obtained with our prototype device.
Effect of chemical treatment on physico-chemical properties of a novel extracted cellulosic Cryptostegia grandiflora fiber
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Authors: Udhayakumar A , Mayandi K , Rajini N , Devi R Kanniga , Muthukannan M , Murali M , Ismail Sikiru O , Mohammad Faruq , Al-Lohedan Hamad A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The increasing global need to achieve sustainability in product development demands the use of biodegradable materials from renewable resources in many engineering applications. Accordingly, various natural fibers were explored as suitable reinforcement in polymer matrixes due to their low density and biodegradability. Hence, in this present work, a novel fiber reinforcement was extracted from the stem of the Cryptostegia grandiflora (CG) plant through a retting process and manual intervention. The extracted Cryptostegia grandiflora fibers (CGFs) were chemically treated using NaOH and silane. Various properties like crystal structure, chemical composition, surface morphology, and thermal degradation were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The increasing cellulose content and the removal of hemicellulose after the chemical treatment indicate the potential for this CG fiber as a better reinforcement element in polymers. The increasing trend of tensile strength was observed for the CG fiber in the following order: silane > NaOH > untreated conditions. Two-stage thermal degradation was observed in all the cases where the maximum thermal degradation was found at the silane-treated CG fibers. Based on their performance, the chemically treated CG fibres can be made into composites and used for structural applications.
Aerobic non-ureolytic bacteria-based self-healing cementitious composites: a novel approach without added calcium precursor
Authors: Tan Linzhen , Xu Jing , Wei Yongqi , Han Jigang , Yao Wu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Self-healing concrete has been widely researched to reduce the cost of repairing and maintaining concrete infrastructure. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a promising solution that uses bacteria to produce calcite within cracks and seal them, preventing further deterioration. However, protecting the self-healing agents, including calcium precursors, bacteria, and growth nutrients, from the concrete matrix can be challenging, and encapsulation methods can lead to strength loss, slowed cement hydration, and complicated manufacturing. Therefore, in this study, to reduce the need for protective shells and their negative impact, we investigated the role of aerobic non-ureolytic bacteria in the healing process and determine the feasibility of inducing calcite precipitation without extra added calcium precursor in the concrete matrix. This study investigated the self-healing efficiency of this novel bacteria-based self-healing cementitious composites (BBSHCC) via crack observation, permeability test and compositions’ analysis. Samples at different curing ages were prepared as well to clearly indicate the impact of minerals of cementitious composites on the microbial activities. The novel BBSHCC samples, consisting solely of bacteria and nutrients, demonstrated exceptional self-healing ratios in terms of crack closure and water tightness regain. These ratios exceeded 95% and 80%, respectively, after 28 days of healing, irrespective of the curing ages. This demonstrates the high potential of using calcium minerals naturally present in the cement matrix as a calcium source for aerobic non-ureolytic bacteria Bacillus cohnii to activate biomineralization and achieve healing. Notably, with increasing curing age of the novel BBSHCC, the rate of crack closure decreased, which was likely due to decreased accessibility of calcium for biomineralization. Additionally, healing products generated by biomineralization tended to initially form locally around cementitious composites, especially in mature samples. Further analysis of the cementitious composites near the healed crack revealed a large presence of portlandite, which was suggested to be a result of biomineralization.
Open-source pneumatic pressure pump for drop-based microfluidic flow controls
Authors: Sanchez Humberto S , Chang Connie B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An open-source pneumatic pressure pump is engineered for driving fluid flow in a microfluidic device. It is designed to be a cost-effective and customizable alternative to commercial systems. The pneumatic pressure pump utilizes a single open-source microcontroller to control four dual-valve pressure regulators. The control scheme is written in the Arduino development environment and the user interface is written in Python. The pump was used to pressurize water and a fluorinated oil that have similar viscosities. The pump can accurately control pressures to a resolution of less than 0.02 psig with rapid response times of less than one second, overshoot of desired pressures by less than 30%, and setting response times of less than two seconds. The pump was also validated in its ability to produce water-in-oil drops using a drop-making microfluidic device. The resultant drop size scaled as expected with the pressures applied to the emulsion phases. The pump is the first custom-made dual-valve regulator that is used to precisely control fluid flow in a microfluidic device. The presented design is an advancement towards making more fully open-source pneumatic pressure pumps for controlling flow in microfluidic devices.
Analytical modeling of an inclined folded-beam spring used in micromechanical resonator devices
Authors: Rahbar Ranji Ahmad , Li Andy , Alirezaee Shahpour , Ahamed Mohammad Jalal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimation of the mechanical behavior of springs is crucial for the proper design of Microelectormechanical systems (MEMS). The main objective of this study is to derive a closed-form equation for the calculation of the stiffness of an inclined spring in the form of folded-beamss. The energy-based method was used to calculate the displacements of a folded-beams that was fixed at one end and giuded at the other end. The analytical model was then compared with the finite element method using ANSYS for different inclination angles of the folded-beams spring, showing good agreement. The angle on inclination has changed from zero to 180 degress, and stiffness of folded-beams is detemined. The derived expressions of the compliances were checked for the case of serpentine springs with inclination angle of zero, and different length ratios against the literature. It is found that neglecting small lengths for calculating the stiffness of the folded-beams spring is not justified. The influential geometrical parameters, including different lengths of the spring and inclination angle of the spring, on the stiffness are studied. It is found that the angle of inclination of the principal axes of spring constants depends on the geometrical parameters, and the angle of inclination has more effect on the stiffness of a folded-beams spring than the number of folds.
Effect of TIG and activated flux TIG welding processes on weld bead geometry, microstructure, and hardness of SAF 2507 grade super duplex stainless steel joints
Authors: Dagur Himanshu , Kumar Rajeev , Singh Vivek , Chauhan Sandeep , Deep Akash , Patel Dixit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is frequently used to fabricate super duplex stainless steel weldments due to its superior mechanical qualities and attractive appearance in contrast with other arc welding techniques. The broad use of TIG welding remains constrained despite all of its advantages. Thus, the process of activated flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding is created. In the current study, ATIG welding with different oxide fluxes is used to execute bead-on-plate welding on 6 mm thick super duplex (SS) SAF 2507 grade. The TIG and ATIG processes are used for bead-on-plate welding, and the macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical features of super DSS weld beads are analysed. When different oxide fluxes are used, the A-TIG technique achieves a greater depth of penetration and a narrower weld bead width than the standard TIG process. SiO2 flux with ATIG welding gives the highest depth of penetration (5.42 mm) among all other fluxes used. Also, A-TIG welding using SiO2 flux has a finer grain structure and a higher hardness value than other fluxes. The primary microstructure in the A-TIG weld zone was austenitic, but delta ferrite was still present.
Probability flow solution of the Fokker–Planck equation
Authors: Boffi Nicholas M , Vanden-Eijnden Eric 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The method of choice for integrating the time-dependent Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) in high-dimension is to generate samples from the solution via integration of the associated stochastic differential equation (SDE). Here, we study an alternative scheme based on integrating an ordinary differential equation that describes the flow of probability. Acting as a transport map, this equation deterministically pushes samples from the initial density onto samples from the solution at any later time. Unlike integration of the stochastic dynamics, the method has the advantage of giving direct access to quantities that are challenging to estimate from trajectories alone, such as the probability current, the density itself, and its entropy. The probability flow equation depends on the gradient of the logarithm of the solution (its ‘score’), and so is a-priori unknown. To resolve this dependence, we model the score with a deep neural network that is learned on-the-fly by propagating a set of samples according to the instantaneous probability current. We show theoretically that the proposed approach controls the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence from the learned solution to the target, while learning on external samples from the SDE does not control either direction of the KL divergence. Empirically, we consider several high-dimensional FPEs from the physics of interacting particle systems. We find that the method accurately matches analytical solutions when they are available as well as moments computed via Monte-Carlo when they are not. Moreover, the method offers compelling predictions for the global entropy production rate that out-perform those obtained from learning on stochastic trajectories, and can effectively capture non-equilibrium steady-state probability currents over long time intervals.
Changes in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation over global land areas
Authors: Alizadeh Omid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events may change in response to shifts in the mean and variability of climate, which pose high risks to societies and natural ecosystems. Gridded near-surface temperature, precipitation, and the number of wet days from the Climatic Research Unit dataset were analyzed for two 30 year periods to explore changes in the mean and variability of temperature and precipitation over global land areas in the recent period (1991–2020) compared to the reference period (1951–1980). Global land areas are characterized by warmer and slightly wetter conditions in the recent period, while the variability of temperature and precipitation has remained nearly unchanged. Changes in the mean and variability of both temperature and precipitation are also analyzed over tropical, subtropical, and midlatitude land areas. The annual mean temperature over all these three latitudinal regions has increased in the recent period compared to the reference period, with the highest increase in subtropical and midlatitude land areas (0.7 ∘C), followed by tropical land areas (0.5 ∘C), while temperature variability has remained nearly unchanged. The annual precipitation has decreased over tropical, subtropical, and midlatitude land areas in the recent period compared to the reference period. Precipitation variability has not changed considerably over subtropical land areas. However, it has substantially increased over tropical land areas, which indicates a higher risk of droughts and periods of excess water in the recent period. In contrast, precipitation variability has decreased over midlatitude land areas, indicating narrower swings between wet and dry conditions, which decrease the risk of droughts and periods of excess water in the recent period.
Contributions to regional precipitation change and its polar-amplified pattern under warming
Authors: Bonan David B , Feldl Nicole , Zelinka Mark D , Hahn Lily C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The polar regions are predicted to experience the largest relative change in precipitation in response to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations, where a substantial absolute increase in precipitation coincides with small precipitation rates in the present-day climate. The reasons for this amplification, however, are still debated. Here, we use an atmospheric energy budget to decompose regional precipitation change from climate models under greenhouse-gas forcing into contributions from atmospheric radiative feedbacks, dry-static energy flux divergence changes, and surface sensible heat flux changes. The polar-amplified relative precipitation change is shown to be a consequence of the Planck feedback, which, when combined with larger polar warming, favors substantial atmospheric radiative cooling that balances increases in latent heat release from precipitation. Changes in the dry-static energy flux divergence contribute modestly to the polar-amplified pattern. Additional contributions to the polar-amplified response come, in the Arctic, from the cloud feedback and, in the Antarctic, from both the cloud and water vapor feedbacks. The primary contributor to the intermodel spread in the relative precipitation change in the polar region is also the Planck feedback, with the lapse rate feedback and dry-static energy flux divergence changes playing secondary roles. For all regions, there are strong covariances between radiative feedbacks and changes in the dry-static energy flux divergence that impact the intermodel spread. These results imply that constraining regional precipitation change, particularly in the polar regions, will require constraining not only individual feedbacks but also the covariances between radiative feedbacks and atmospheric energy transport.
High ambient temperatures associations with children and young adult injury emergency department visits in NYC
Authors: Girma Blean , Liu Bian , Schinasi Leah H , Clougherty Jane E , Sheffield Perry E 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInjury is a significant health burden for children and young adult and may be an increasing concern in a warming climate. Research reveals many impacts to children’s health associated with hot weather and heatwave events, including a growing literature on the association between high ambient temperature and injury, which may vary by intent such as injury resulting from violence. However, little is known about how this association varies across different types of injury and subgroups of young people. We examined relationships between warm season ambient temperature and intentional and unintentional injury among children and young adults in New York City (NYC). Within a case-crossover design, our study observed injury-related emergency department (ED) visits from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System administrative dataset. Injuries were categorized as unintentional or intentional injuries during the warm season (May through September) in NYC from 2005 to 2011 among patients (0, 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–25 years old (y.o.)). Conditional logistic regression models with distributed lag non-linear functions were used to model the cumulative odds ratio (OR) injury-related ED visit over 0–5 lag days. Analyses were stratified by age group and sex to understand how associations vary across young people of different age and sex. There were a total of 572 535 injury-related ED visits. The largest effect of elevated temperature (daily minimum 77°F vs 48°F) was for unintentional injury among 5–9 y.o. (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23, 1.42) and for intentional injury among 20–25 y.o. (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28, 1.85). Further stratified analyses revealed that the highest risk of unintentional injury was among 5–9 y.o. males and 20–25 y.o. males for intentional injury. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures are associated with higher odds of unintentional and intentional injuries among children. This work adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse impacts of heat on children, and suggests the need for messaging to parents and children about adopting adaptive strategies to prevent injuries when it is hot outside.
Ingestion of vegetable salads before rice inhibits the increase in postprandial serum glucose levels in healthy subjects
Authors: Tanaka Tomomi , Sakamoto Hisae , Matsuoka Ryosuke , Utsunomiya Kazunori 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to confirm the “vegetable-first” effect. In addition, because we aimed dietary fiber in vegetable salad, the effect after the ingestion of vegetable salad extract (vegetable salad from which solids have been removed) before carbohydrates on postprandial serum glucose level was also evaluated. A total of 13 healthy men were given meals after one-night of fasting: rice–vegetable salad, vegetable salad–rice, and vegetable salad extract–rice. Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the ingestion of the test meal to measure serum glucose levels. Serum glucose levels were significantly lower after 45 and 60 min in the vegetable salad–rice group compared to the rice–vegetable salad group. No significant difference was found between the vegetable salad extract–rice group and the vegetable salad–rice/rice–vegetable salad group. The result suggested that it might be important to ingest vegetables to obtain the “vegetable-first” effect.
Inference of microbial covariation networks using copula models with mixture margins
Authors: Deek Rebecca A , Li Hongzhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationQuantification of microbial covariations from 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing data is difficult due to their sparse nature. In this article, we propose using copula models with mixed zero-beta margins for the estimation of taxon–taxon covariations using data of normalized microbial relative abundances. Copulas allow for separate modeling of the dependence structure from the margins, marginal covariate adjustment, and uncertainty measurement.ResultsOur method shows that a two-stage maximum-likelihood approach provides accurate estimation of model parameters. A corresponding two-stage likelihood ratio test for the dependence parameter is derived and is used for constructing covariation networks. Simulation studies show that the test is valid, robust, and more powerful than tests based upon Pearson’s and rank correlations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our method can be used to build biologically meaningful microbial networks based on a dataset from the American Gut Project.Availability and implementationR package for implementation is available at https://github.com/rebeccadeek/CoMiCoN.
Trends in acute myocardial infarction mortality in the European Union, 2012–2020
Authors: Zuin Marco , Rigatelli Gianluca , Temporelli Pierluigi , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Colivicchi Furio , Pasquetto Giampaolo , Bilato Claudio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assess the sex- and age-specific trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality in the modern European Union (EU-27) member states between years 2012 and 2020.

Methods and results
Data on cause-specific deaths and population numbers by sex for each country of the EU-27 were retrieved through a publicly available European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT) dataset for the years 2012 to 2020. AMI-related deaths were ascertained when codes for AMI (ICD-10 codes I21.0-I22.0) were listed as the underlying cause of death in the medical death certificate. Deaths occurring before the age of 65 years were defined as premature deaths. To calculate annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) with relative 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression. During the study period, 1 793 314 deaths (1 048 044 males and 745 270 females) occurred in the EU-27 due to of AMI. The proportion of AMI-related deaths per 1000 total deaths decline from 5.0% to 3.5% both in the entire population (P for trend &lt; 0.001) and in males or females, separately. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a continuous linear decrease in age-adjusted AMI-related mortality from 2012 to 2020 among EU-27 members [AAPC: −4.6% (95% CI: −5.1 to −4.0), P &lt; 0.001]. The age-adjusted mortality rate showed a plateau in some Eastern European countries and was more pronounced in EU-27 females and in subjects aged ≥65 years.

Conclusion
Over the last decade, the age-adjusted AMI-related mortality has been continuously declining in most of the in EU-27 member states. However, some disparities still exist between western and eastern European countries.