bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study highlights how gene flow shapes adaptive genomic architecture
Authors: Schaal Sara M. , Smith Sara J. 
Published: February 2023

Adaptation to environmental conditions, and the mechanisms underlying these adaptations, can vary greatly among species. This variation can be attributed to a variety of factors including the strength of evolutionary processes like selection, gene flow, time since divergence, and/or genetic drift, as well as the interactions between these processes. A number of simulation and theoretical studies have helped elucidate the role of these processes on the genomic basis of adaptation (Schaal et al., 2022; Yeaman et al., 2016). However, complementary empirical studies to test these theoretical expectations for within‐species adaptation have been limited due to the challenging nature of evaluating these processes in a comparative framework. To do this effectively, it is necessary to have systems where the range of environmental variation is similar between species, but where one or more of these evolutionary processes vary. In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Shi et al. (2022) provide an excellent example of a freshwater system where rates of gene flow differ between populations of six riverine species due to variation in spawning strategies (i.e., broadcast spawners = high gene flow, nest spawners = low gene flow), but all experience the same variation in environmental conditions across their distributions. The authors take a multivariate approach to evaluate the genomic basis of adaptation by using a combination of differentiation‐based and genotype‐environment association (GEA) methods. By comparing the amount of gene flow between species and the resulting genomic basis of local adaptation, they are able to infer how genomic architecture may be shaped by rates of gene flow. Their results identify a general pattern of increased genomic clustering in species with increasing levels of gene flow. However, two of six species did not follow this pattern, which could be due to additional factors not assessed. Additionally, they provide convincing evidence that the underlying evolutionary mechanisms that formed genomic clusters within each species vary. These deviations from a general pattern highlight how difficult evaluating these processes in natural populations are, particularly because species‐specific responses can vary dramatically. Taken together, their comparative framework for assessing the genomic architecture of adaptation is unique, sheds important light on how evolutionary processes can impact adaptation, and provides robust empirical support of foundational theoretical and simulation studies.
A draw for Flemish nationalism: Institutional change and stability in the Belgian sport system
Authors: Geeraert Arnout 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article combines insights from historical institutionalism with the literature on ideational policy change to explain why Belgian sport institutions like the national football team appear as outliers in the story of the country's unidirectional move towards a decentralised federal state. It shows how Flemish nationalist ideas drove the asymmetrical decentralisation of the originally unitary Belgian sport system. On one hand, mechanisms of gradual institutional change led to the complete decentralisation of public sport policy. The Flemish government consequently has the authority and means to generate symbols and policies that boost Flemish identity through sport, while no comprehensive policies can be developed at the federal level for instrumentalising sport to build Belgian identity. On the other hand, mechanisms of institutional stability including vested interests, strong veto players and Flemings' dislike of secessionism prevent the full decentralisation of the Belgian non‐governmental sport governing bodies. This implies that Belgium continues to be represented in international sport competitions as a nation and that sport can thus also be employed to create and sustain Belgian alongside Flemish identity. Sport therefore contributes to sustaining the Flemings' dual Flemish‐Belgian identity, which ultimately stands in the way of a fully autonomous Flemish state.
Unilateral Percutaneous Kyphoplasty Using a Novel Guide Device for Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Yu Hailong , Zhu Yunpeng , Gu Hongwen , Zheng Bin , Zhao Yuanhang , Han Wenfeng , Xiang Liangbi 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesUnilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (UPKP) has been effective in reducing the operative time, cement volume, and cement leakage (CL) rate compared with bilateral kyphoplasty. However, no device can help to determine the trajectory during operation, especially the inner inclination angle. To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel guide device (GD) for UPKP in the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures (TLOVFs).MethodsFrom January 2019 to May 2021, 31 patients diagnosed with single TLOVF who underwent UPKP were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: traditional UPKP (UPKP group, 15 patients) and UPKP assisted with GD (UPKP‐GD group, 16 patients). Pre‐procedure demographic, clinical and radiologic characteristics, operative procedure details, and clinical and radiologic outcomes at 1 day and 12 months post‐procedure were collected. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 24.0. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared by the independent sample t test or the χ2 test. The anterior height or local kyphotic angle (LKA) of the fractured vertebrae, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) within groups were compared using the paired t test.ResultsA total of 31 patients (five men and 26 women; age range: 58–90 years) completed the full 12‐month postoperative follow‐up schedule. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups with respect to sex, age, body mass index, preoperative bone mineral density, or surgical level. Compared with the UPKP group, the operation time in the UPKP‐GD group was significantly shorter (40.8 ± 5.5 min vs. 48.5 ± 8.5 min, p = 0.005), and the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times in the UPKP‐GD group was significantly decreased (20.6 ± 4.5 vs. 25.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.001). Five (31.3%) patients in the UPKP‐GD group and four (26.7%) patients in the UPKP group had bone CL. The VAS and ODI scores, anterior height and LKA of the fractured vertebrae were significantly improved after surgery in each group. No significant differences in postoperative VAS and ODI scores, anterior height or LKA of the fractured vertebrae, volume of injected cement or CL were observed between the two groups.ConclusionUnilateral puncture using a novel GD is a safe and effective technique for patients with TLFs and UPKP assisted with a novel GD is associated with fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and shorter operation time.
Achieving bi‐directional conduction block during catheter ablation is not enough to prevent recurrence of cavo‐tricuspid isthmus dependant atrial flutter: Role of subclinical conduction
Authors: CLS Di Nubila Bruna , Divulwewa Keerthi , Tang Anthony S. L. , Agarwal Sharad C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAchieving bi‐directional conduction block, as assessed by differential pacing and change in activation along tricuspid annulus (TA), across the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus (CTI), is considered a satisfactory end point during catheter ablation of atrial flutter (AFL).AimTo assess role of subclinical conduction by observing polarity reversal of local bipolar signals from RS to QR pattern lateral to the line of ablation, in predicting recurrence of CTI dependant AFL after ablation in patients with bidirectional conduction block.Method and ResultsOf 683 patients undergoing ablation of CTI dependent AFL, 73 (10.6%) patients underwent redo flutter ablation and were evaluated further. The mean age was 60.8 years and 51% were males. Evidence of bidirectional block by differential pacing and change is activation along multipolar catheter and reversal of local bipolar signals from RS to QR pattern lateral to the line of ablation, during the 1st and subsequent procedure, were studied. 60% patients had confirmed bidirectional block of which 71% had lack of voltage reversal, at the end of 1st procedure. All patients with bidirectional block with lack of reversal of bipolar signals, after the first procedure had recurrence of AFL whereas only 3/11 (27%) people with bidirectional block and with absence of subclinical conduction had recurrence of AFL.ConclusionAchieving bidirectional conduction block is not sufficient to prevent recurrence of AFL after CTI ablation. Reversal of local bipolar signals, from RS to QR pattern along with achieving bidirectional conduction delay would reduce recurrence of AFL, post ablation.
Quality of life and psychiatric distress in people with serious mental illness, the role of personal recovery
Authors: Saavedra Javier , Brzeska Joanna , Matías‐García Jose Antonio , Arias‐Sánchez Samuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhen considering the personal recovery of people with serious mental illness (SMI), it is essential to examine their reported psychiatric distress and quality of life (QoL). However, there is no consolidated model in the literature that clearly relates these variables. In this study we first analysed the relationships between QoL, psychiatric distress and recovery, and several sociodemographic variables. Second, we analysed the linear effects of psychiatric distress and recovery on QoL. Third, and most important, we tested two hypotheses that considered personal recovery as a moderator or mediator of the relationship between psychiatric distress and QoL.Design and Methods234 volunteers with a diagnosis of SMI completed three self‐report questionnaires, The Recovery Assessment Scale‐24, The World Health Organization QoL and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure, which showed very good levels of validity and reliability. The PROCESS macro for SPSS developed by Hayes (Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach, The Guilford Press, 2022) was applied using the Bootstrap method to verify our moderation and mediation hypotheses.ResultsWe found a negative linear effect of psychiatric distress on QoL, as well as a positive effect of recovery on said variable. Our results do not confirm the moderating effect of recovery on the relationship between distress and QoL. However, we do confirm the second hypothesis; recovery functioned as a mediating variable between psychiatric distress and QoL.ConclusionsThese findings allow us to reflect on how personal recovery affect the relationship between psychiatric distress and QoL and discuss its theoretical and practical implications as public policies.
Outcomes of periodontal therapy: Strengthening the relevance of research to patients. A co‐created review
Authors: Needleman Ian , Almond Neil , Leow Natalie , Phillips Jim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a long‐term condition affecting up to half of the population globally and causing significant impacts on life quality. Successful management depends on taking life‐long ownership of the condition by those affected. There is a wealth of research to inform on management options. However, most of the research has been designed by professional experts with outcomes to gauge benefits and harms based on parameters that inform on the disease process but which might not be informative to support decision‐making in people with lived experience (PWLE) of periodontal ill‐health (including both patients and carers). The importance of relevant outcomes is highlighted in the concept of the “expert patient” which aims to strengthen the capacity of PWLE to make health‐care choices that are important for them, elements of which are likely to be already familiar to many clinicians delivering periodontal health care. Therefore, the voice and collaboration of PWLE in research are recognised as crucial to developing high quality, relevant evidence especially for long‐term conditions. In this paper, we review what is known about the relevance of treatment outcomes to PWLE. We also examine the degree to which PWLE have been involved in identifying outcomes that are important to them as well as the diversity and therefore representativeness of PWLE recruited for studies. We consider why having more relevant outcomes could enhance the expertise of PWLE in managing their periodontitis. We then conclude with key learnings from our review which we hope will encourage more rapid development of these initiatives in periodontology for the benefit of global health and wellbeing.
Multiverse analyses of fear acquisition and extinction retention in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lewis Michael W. , Bradford Daniel E. , Pace‐Schott Edward F. , Rauch Scott L. , Rosso Isabelle M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPersistent fear is a cardinal feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and deficient fear extinction retention is a proposed illness mechanism and target of exposure‐based therapy. However, evidence for deficient fear extinction in PTSD has been mixed using laboratory paradigms, which may relate to underidentified methodological variation across studies. We reviewed the literature to identify parameters that differ across studies of fear extinction retention in PTSD. We then performed Multiverse Analysis in a new sample, to quantify the impact of those methodological parameters on statistical findings. In 25 PTSD patients (15 female) and 36 trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD controls (TENC) (20 female), we recorded skin conductance response (SCR) during fear acquisition and extinction learning (day 1) and extinction recall (day 2). A first Multiverse Analysis examined the effects of methodological parameters identified by the literature review on comparisons of SCR‐based fear extinction retention in PTSD versus TENC. A second Multiverse Analysis examined the effects of those methodological parameters on comparisons of SCR to a danger cue (CS+) versus safety cue (CS−) during fear acquisition. Both the literature review and the Multiverse Analysis yielded inconsistent findings for fear extinction retention in PTSD versus TENC, and most analyses found no statistically significant group difference. By contrast, significantly elevated SCR to CS+ versus CS− was consistently found across all analyses in the literature review and the Multiverse Analysis of new data. We discuss methodological parameters that may most contribute to inconsistent findings of fear extinction retention deficit in PTSD and implications for future clinical research.
Linking cognitive and affective heuristic cues to interpersonal risk perceptions and behavior
Authors: Waters Erika A. , Pachur Thorsten , Pogge Gabrielle , Hunleth Jean , Webster Gregory D. , Shepperd James A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeople often use cognitive and affective heuristics when judging the likelihood of a health outcome and making health decisions. However, little research has examined how heuristics shape risk perceptions and behavior among people who make decisions on behalf of another person. We examined associations between heuristic cues and caregivers’ perceptions of their child's asthma risk, the frequency of caregivers’ asthma management behaviors, and child health outcomes. We used Ipsos KnowledgePanel to recruit 814 U.S. adult caregivers of children with asthma of the age <18 years. Participants completed a survey at baseline (T1) and 3 months later (T2). Caregivers who, at T1, reported greater negative affect about their child's asthma (affect heuristic cue), greater ease of imagining their child experiencing asthma symptoms (availability heuristic cue), and greater perceived similarity between their child and a child who has ever experienced asthma symptoms (representativeness heuristic cue) reported statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher interpersonal perceived risk of their child having an exacerbation or uncontrolled asthma at T1. They also indicated at T2 that their child had poorer asthma control and more frequent exacerbations. Greater T1 negative affect was associated with more frequent T2 actions to reduce inflammation, manage triggers, and manage symptoms, and with poorer T2 child health outcomes. Heuristic cues are likely important for interpersonal—not just personal—risk perceptions. However, the interrelationship between caregivers’ ratings of heuristic cues (in particular, negative affect) and risk judgments may signify a struggle with managing their child's asthma and need for extra support from health care providers or systems.
A geospatial assessment of flood hazard in north‐eastern depressed basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Quader Mohammad Abdul , Dey Hemal , Malak Abdul , Rahman Zakiur 
Published: February 2023

Floods are a frequently occurring calamity in deltaic Bangladesh. This paper aims to assess the temporal expansion of waterbodies during flooding using geospatial techniques. Several water indices were applied to classify the satellite images at various temporal scales. Among them, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) showed the highest correlation (r = 0.831; where p = 0.01) with rainfall data. Specifically, the NDWI results showed that perennial waterbodies measured 37 km2 and 60 km2 in Sunamganj District in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The area of waterbodies notably increased 52‐fold from March to April (37 km2 to 1958 km2) during the pre‐monsoon flash flood of 2017. During the July 2019 monsoon flood, waterbodies started to extend after May and flooded 2784 km2 in area. NDVI analysis showed that in 2019, floodwater submerged 361.7 km2 of vegetation cover. At the same time, the Surma River's flooding resulted in a 73.9 per cent inundation of the total area of the Sunamganj District. We hope that this study will provide better understanding of the varying nature of floods that occur in the low lying bowl shaped Haor region which will in turn assist the government with flood mitigation.
Paradox of precaution: Infection and precautionary action during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shrum Wesley , Miller Paige 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe consider the primary sources of COVID‐19 infection, the main precautionary actions taken, and common understandings of their difficulty and necessity in order to understand why it has been difficult to control the pandemic.MethodsOnline data collected in all 50 states during the Delta wave of the pandemic (n = 10,022) are used to examine how infection occurs and evaluate 32 precautionary actions.ResultsThe most common source of respondent infection was at home, from someone they lived with. While most precautions were widely practiced, avoiding close contact with cohabitants was uncommon. This precaution was considered to be the most difficult and least necessary by a wide margin.ConclusionDuring the first 2 years of the pandemic, there was a mismatch between actions taken to avoid infection and the main way that people became infected. Many precautions caused people to stay at home, which may have increased their likelihood of infection. The identification of this “paradox of precaution” contributes to an understanding of why the pandemic could not be controlled in spite of the extensive and well‐intended precautions that were taken.
FOUR LIPS plays a role in meristemoid‐to‐GMC fate transition during stomatal development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Ping , Chen Liang , Gu Xiaoli , Zhao Mingfeng , Wang Wenjin , Hou Suiwen 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY
Meristemoids, which are stomatal precursor cells, exhibit self‐renewal and differentiation abilities. However, the only known core factor associated with meristemoid division termination and fate transition is the heterodimer formed by the basic helix–loop–helix proteins MUTE and SCREAMs (SCRMs). FOUR LIPS (FLP), a well‐known transcription factor that restricts guard mother cell (GMC) division, is a direct target of MUTE. Whether FLP involves in meristemoid differentiation is unknown. Through sensitized genetic screening of flp‐1, we identified a mute‐like (mutl) mutant with arrested meristemoids. The mutant carried a novel allele of the MUTE locus, i.e., mute‐4. Intriguingly, mute‐4 is a hypomorphic allele that exhibits wild‐type appearance with slightly delayed meristemoid‐to‐GMC transition, whereas it renders an unexpected mutl epidermis with most meristemoids arrested and very few stomata when combined with flp (flp mute‐4), suggesting that FLP is a positive regulator during this transition process. Consistently, the expression of FLP increased during GMC commitment, and the number of cells at this stage was markedly increased in flp. flp scrm double mutants produced arrested meristemoids similar to mute, and FLP was able to interact physically with SCRM. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FLP functions together with MUTE and SCRMs to direct meristemoid‐to‐GMC fate transition.
Cover Image
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Webb Suzin M. , Katt William P. , Grenier Jennifer K. , Duhamel Gerald E. 
Published: February 2023

The cover image is based on the Short Communication Highly recurrent BRAF p.V595E mutation in canine papillary oral squa-mous cell carcinoma by Santiago Peralta et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12869.image
Effects of melatonin on hematologic and biochemical changes and the effects of circadian rhythm on hematologic changes in donkeys (Equus asinus) subjected to packing during the hot‐dry season
Authors: Ake Ayodele Stephen , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Aluwong Tagang , Mohammed Aliyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMelatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and may alleviate the effects of stress on hematologic and biochemical analytes in working donkeys that pack (load‐carry).ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin administration on hematologic and biochemical responses in donkeys subjected to packing during the hot‐dry season. We also examined its effects on circadian rhythms.MethodsTen male Nubian pack donkeys with (Packing + Melatonin; P + M) and without melatonin (Packing‐Melatonin; P‐M) administration were included. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after (15 min), and from 16 h to over 27‐h postpacking at 3‐h intervals for hematologic and total protein analyses. Serum from blood samples collected before and immediately after packing was analyzed for muscle enzyme activities and electrolyte concentrations. Student's t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and online cosinor analysis were used for statistical analyses.ResultsPacked cell volumes (PCVs) of the P + M donkeys did not differ before and after packing. However, for the P‐M donkeys, values before packing (30.20 ± 0.8%) were higher than those (26.87 ± 0.5%) after packing. The hematologic values recorded in the P + M donkeys were higher than those in the P‐M donkeys, especially during the scotophase (P ˂ 0.05). The mesor PCV, hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) values for the P + M donkeys were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than those in the P‐M donkeys. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not different before (289.40 ± 60.8 U/L) or after packing (323.20 ± 36.0 U/L) in P + M donkeys, but the activity was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher postpacking than prepacking in the P‐M donkeys (294.20 ± 66.9 U/L and 513.40 ± 68.5 U/L, respectively). The relationships between the meteorologic parameters and PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations in the P + M donkeys were significantly negative (P ˂ 0.05).ConclusionsMelatonin prevented a decrease in PCV and increase in LDH activity immediately after packing compared with non‐treated donkeys. There was a marked effect during the scotophase on PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations. The circadian parameters indicated a significant effect of melatonin on the rhythmicity of the PCV, Hb, and RBC concentration in the treated donkeys. Melatonin administration may reduce the risk of adverse effects of environmental stress and stress due to packing in donkeys during the hot‐dry season.