bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La competencia digital del profesorado universitario durante la transición a la enseñanza remota de emergencia
Authors: Pérez López Eva , Yuste Tosina Rocío 
Published: January 2023

The forced migration of face-to-face universities to a distance education model due to COVID-19 has highlighted the shortcomings of teachers’ digital competence. Using a descriptive and inferential cross-sectional design, this study analyzes the digital competence level with which teachers transitioned to emergency remote teaching during confinement and explores digital training’s impact on the proficiency of such competence and identifies the digital teacher profiles. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 220 teachers from a Spanish public university. The main findings reveal an intermediate level of digital competence with fluctuations among the competency areas. It was found that previous digital training seems to have been a necessary but not sufficient condition for optimal migration. Finally, five digital profiles are detected: objectors, laggards, confident, learners and avant-gardists. It concludes with the need to establish training plans based on a digital competency diagnosis, the implementation of technological tools in teaching, and the use of innovative pedagogical and methodological approaches. It is recommended to further expand the research by incorporating other variables to validate these preliminary findings.
La migración forzosa de las universidades presenciales a un modelo de educación a distancia a causa del COVID-19 ha evidenciado los déficits existentes en relación con la competencia digital docente. Mediante un diseño descriptivo e inferencial de corte transversal, este estudio analiza el nivel de competencia digital con el que los docentes transitaron a la enseñanza remota de emergencia durante el confinamiento, explora la incidencia de la formación en el dominio de dicha competencia e identifica los perfiles digitales docenes. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 220 docentes de una universidad pública española. Los principales hallazgos revelan un nivel intermedio en la competencia digital con oscilaciones en las diferentes áreas competenciales. Además, se constata que la formación digital previa parece haber sido una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para realizar una migración óptima. Finalmente, se detectan cinco perfiles digitales: objetores, rezagados, confiados, aprendices y vanguardistas. Se concluye con la necesidad de establecer planes de formación cuyo diseño pivote en torno a un diagnóstico de las competencias digitales, la aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas a la enseñanza y la adopción de nuevos enfoques pedagógicos y metodológicos. Se recomienda ampliar la investigación incorporando otras variables para validar estos hallazgos preliminares.
Heat treatment-induced autophagy promotes breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis via TGF-β2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions
Authors: Li Zhennan , Lu Cheng , Wang Fengliang , Guo Haowei , Wang Zhipeng , Yin Hong , Li Jian 
Published: January 2023

Background
Insufficient thermal ablation can accelerate malignant behaviors and metastases in some solid tumors, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy are involved in tumor metastasis. It has been found that TGF-β2 which belongs to the family of transforming growth factors often associated with cancer cell invasiveness and EMT. However, whether the interactions between autophagy and TGF-β2 induce EMT in breast cancer (BC) cells following insufficient microwave ablation (MWA) remains unclear.

Methods
BC cells were treated with sublethal heat treatment to simulate insufficient MWA, and the effects of heat treatment on the BC cell phenotypes were explored. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the influence of sublethal heat treatment on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of BC cells. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to determine the changes in markers associated with autophagy and EMT following sublethal heat treatment.

Results
Results showed that heat treatment promoted the proliferation of surviving BC cells, which was accompanied by autophagy induction. Heat treatment-induced autophagy up-regulated TGF-β2/Smad2 signaling and promoted EMT phenotype, thereby enhancing BC cells’ migration and invasion abilities. An increase or decrease of TGF-β2 expression resulted in the potentiation and suppression of autophagy, as well as the enhancement and abatement of EMT. Autophagy inhibitors facilitated apoptosis and repressed proliferation of BC cells in vitro, and thwarted BC cell tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo.

Conclusion
Heat treatment-induced autophagy promoted invasion and metastasis via TGF-β2/Smad2-mediated EMTs. Suppressing autophagy may be a suitable strategy for overcoming the progression and metastasis of residual BC cells following insufficient MWA.
Post Flowering Management Using Plant Growth Regulators in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Priya B. Kesava , Panneerselvam S. , Marimuthu S. , Subramanian K. S. , Senthil A. 
Published: January 2023

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Auxin and Zeatin-based nanoformulations in post-flowering management in greengram.
Place and Duration of Study: Nanoformulations were standardized at the Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and a field trial was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar.
Methodology: Nanoformulations were standardized by oil in water nanoemulsion technique and effect on crop is observed by foliar spray of nanoformulations during the flowering stage of crop growth.
Results: Increased chlorophyll content due to NAA and Zeatin and extended retention of chlorophyll in Auxin-based treatments has been recorded. Hence the crop can produce more assimilates leading to increased seed yield. Zeatin spray also recorded increased chlorophyll, mature pods, number of seeds pod-1, seed weight, pod setting percentage. Such an increase of yield attributes was mainly due to decreased flower shedding percentage.
Conclusion: Growth regulators such as Auxin and Zeatin exhibited a significant role in increasing plant chlorophyll content and yield of greengram. Among treatments, Nanoemulsion of NAA @ 30ppm recorded a higher number of mature pods, seed yield, seed weight and lower flower shedding percentage which is concluded as the best treatment.
Comparative study of the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of raw and pasteurized camel milk
Authors: CHETHOUNA Fatma , HAROUN BOUDJENAH Saliha , BELD Nadia 
Published: January 2023

Camel milk is three times richer in vitamin C than cow's milk, it is also rich in niacin, antimicrobial factors prostaglandins and insulin. Pasteurization is an adequate option for camel milk conservation, allowing it to be consumed by people not living in arid environments. However, the obvious problem is that people prefer to consume raw camel milk for its therapeutic virtues, which they think, loses its quality after pasteurization. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the effect of pasteurization on camel milk nutritional and hygienic quality. This work consists on analyzing four camel milk samples: a sample of raw milk and three samples of this milk , pasteurized at 63°C/30min, 72°C/15sec and at 85°C/2min under laboratory conditions. The data was subjected to Kruskal-wallis using XL-Stat software. These results show stability of the physicochemical composition (PH, acidity, density) and chemical composition (dry matter, lactose, fat, vitamine C, protein) ( p > 0.05) of camel milk pasteurized at 63°C (low pasteurization) and instability ( p < 0.05) following pasteurization high at (85°C) except the fat content which remains intact (p > 0.05). For pasteurization at (72°C) we notice a instability (p ˂ 0.05) in pH, acidity, dry matter, vitamine C and protein, a stability in the density, fat and lactose. Only low pasteurization (63°C for 30 min) can be an alternative for the conservation of
camel milk while preserving its nutritional quality. To study its hygienic quality before and after pasteurization, the reductase test was carried out; it shows a good to fair quality for the raw milk sample and good for the pasteurized milk sample. Contaminating and original flora were counted on appropriate culture media. Results obtained shows that the pasteurization caused a total inhibition of the pathogenic flora (Halotolerants, Coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae), and partial destruction of the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), psychrotrophic and thermophilic lactic acid bacteria. This study confirms that the nutritional quality can be preserved almost intact after pasteurization at 63°C for 30min. In addition, pasteurization has an important role in camel milk sanitation by inhibiting pathogenic flora.
Trajectory Controlling and Collision Warning Device Based on Self‐Healing and Conductive Castor Oil‐Based Waterborne Polyurethane in Automated Guided Vehicles
Authors: Shen Rulin , Lei Chendong , Long Mingjun , Gao Wei , Yu Guipeng , Tang Juntao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSustainable castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) are widely applied in multiple fields, while the strategies to simultaneously realize reprocessing, self‐healing, and novel applications are attractive and highly demanded. Herein, a molecular design strategy is proposed to incorporate dynamic oxime‐carbamate bonds into the castor oil‐based WPUs. The obtained networks exhibit excellent toughness (>44 MPa), adequate stretchability, and wonderful self‐healing efficiency (>95% at 80 °C for 8 h), which stand out among the reported cases. Moreover, the WPU film retained almost 100% of the original mechanical properties after consecutive reprocessing. With the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, the films are endowed with good electric conductivity, providing a general platform for fabricating flexible electronic devices. Specifically, wonderful performance in trajectory control and collision warning is displayed, which is expected to be an alternative to minimize the utilization of expensive and complex obstacle sensors in automated guided vehicles. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and self‐healing WPU‐based flexible material and opens the gate for novel and identified applications.
Boosting Photocatalytic Water Oxidation on Photocatalysts with Ferroelectric Single Domains
Authors: He Jiandong , Liu Yong , Qu Jiangshan , Xie Huichen , Lu Ruixue , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFerroelectric materials are considered as promising photocatalysts due to their efficient charge separation via a polarization‐induced built‐in electric field. However, the polydomain structures hinder spatial charge separation and transfer due to the cancellation of polarization vectors in the domains. In this work, taking BiFeO3 (BFO) as a prototype, single‐domain BFO nanosheets with visible‐light absorption are prepared, as evident by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), spatially resolved surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SRSPS), and photodeposition experiments. The single‐domain BFO nanosheets show nine times activity in photocatalytic water oxidation reaction under visible‐light irradiation, compared with that of the polydomain BFO particles. With the asymmetric driving force for charge separation in a single domain, selective deposition of cocatalysts further enhances the photocatalytic activity of single‐domain ferroelectric BFO nanosheets. These results demonstrate the role of the single‐domain structure in constructing the driving force of charge separation in ferroelectric photocatalysts. The fabrication of single‐domain structures in ferroelectric photocatalysts to achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity offers a path to efficiently utilize the photogenerated charges in solar energy conversion.
Precisely Controllable Artificial Muscle with Continuous Morphing based on “Breathing” of Supramolecular Columns
Authors: Yang Zifan , Li Jiahua , Chen Xu , Fan Yining , Huang Jin , Yu Haifeng , Yang Shuang , Chen Er‐Qiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscles are natural motors executing sophisticated work through precise control of linear contraction. Although various liquid crystal polymers based artificial muscles have been designed, the mechanism based on mainly the order–disorder transition usually leads to discrete shape morphing, leaving arbitrary and precise deformation a huge challenge. Here, one novel photoresponsive hemiphasmidic side‐chain liquid crystal polymer with a unique “breathing” columnar phase that enables continuous morphing is presented. Due to confinement inside the supramolecular columnar assembly, the cooperative movements of side‐chains and backbones generate a significant negative thermal expansion and lead to temperature‐controllable muscle‐like elongation/contraction in the oriented polymer strip. The irreversible isomerization of the photoresponsive mesogens results in the synergistic phototunable bending and high‐contrast fluorescence change. Based on the orthogonal responses to heat and light, controllable arm‐like bending motions of this material, which is applicable in constructing advanced artificial muscles or intelligent soft robotics, are further demonstrated.
A Light‐Driven Actuator Enables Versatile Motion for Smart Transportation and Contactless Delivery
Authors: Hou Ke‐Xin , Zhao Pei‐Chen , Li Cheng‐Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLight‐driven actuators are advantageous among various actuators because it enables remote, contactless, and localized manipulation without any complex equipment. However, most of them rely solely on the Marangoni effect which is slow in velocity and would be quenched in liquid with low surface tension force. Here, a dual‐mode actuator based on both the Marangoni effect and vapor jet flow is reported through the introduction of an excellent photothermal polymer crosslinked by Fe3+/catechol coordination bonds. The light‐driven ship not only realizes multimode motions such as forward, backward, rotation and obstacle crossing at the air/water interface, but also enables smart transportation and contactless delivery which has not been realized before. Moreover, the incorporation of photothermal conversion performance and self‐healing ability into near‐infrared photo‐responsive actuators at the molecular level can guarantee facile fabrication and prolong the service time of the light‐driven actuators which is the first dual‐mode light‐driven actuator with self‐healing ability. This work provides a new strategy for the structural design and application of the liquid/air interface light‐driven self‐propelled device.
Theory of Truncation Resonances in Continuum Rod‐Based Phononic Crystals with Generally Asymmetric Unit Cells
Authors: Al Ba'ba'a Hasan B. , Willey Carson L. , Chen Vincent W. , Juhl Abigail T. , Nouh Mostafa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhononic crystals exhibit Bragg bandgaps, frequency regions within which wave propagation is forbidden. In solid continua, bandgaps are the outcome of destructive interferences resulting from periodically alternating material layers. Under certain conditions, natural frequencies emerge within these bandgaps in the form of high‐amplitude localized vibrations near a structural boundary, referred to as truncation resonances. In this paper, the vibrational spectrum of finite phononic crystals which take the form of a one‐dimensional rod is investigated and the factors that contribute to the origination of truncation resonances are explained. By identifying a unit cell symmetry parameter, a family of finite phononic rods, which share the same dispersion relation, yet distinct truncated forms, is defined. A transfer matrix method is utilized to derive closed‐form expressions of the characteristic equations governing the natural frequencies of the finite system and decipher the truncation resonances emerging across different boundary conditions. The analysis establishes concrete connections between the localized vibrations associated with a truncation resonance, boundary conditions, and the overall configuration of the truncated chain as dictated by unit cell choice. The study provides tools to predict, tune, and selectively design truncation resonances, to meet the demands of various applications that require and uniquely benefit from such truncation resonances.
Late‐Stage Formal Double C−H Oxidation of Prenylated Molecules to Alkylidene Oxetanes and Azetidines by Strain‐Enabled Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Albitz Krisztián , Csókás Dániel , Dobi Zoltán , Pápai Imre , Soós Tibor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrenylation is a ubiquitous late‐stage modification in nature that often confers significantly improved bioactivity for secondary metabolites. While this lipophilic modification renders enhanced potency, the lipophilic tag(s) can diminish bioavailability and adversely alter drug transportation and metabolism. Thus, a functional‐group‐tolerant, mild, and selective late‐stage C−H functionalization of prenyl tags would present a great potential in drug discovery programs but could also impact other fields, such as agrochemistry and chemical biology. Herein we report an exocyclic‐strain‐driven cross‐metathesis reaction of prenyl tags, a formal double C−H oxidation protocol, that can be used for the selective late‐stage derivatization of prenylated compounds and natural products. This methodology avoids the need for prefunctionalization of target molecules and affords ready access to an unprecedented library of oxo‐ and aza‐prenylated complex molecules. Thus, in a broader context, this methodology extends late‐stage functionalization beyond that available to nature.
Oral Anticancer Heterobimetallic PtIV−AuIComplexes Show High In Vivo Activity and Low Toxicity
Authors: Babu Tomer , Ghareeb Hiba , Basu Uttara , Schueffl Hemma , Theiner Sarah , Heffeter Petra , Koellensperger Gunda , Metanis Norman , Gandin Valentina , Ott Ingo , Schmidt Claudia , Gibson Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAuI‐carbene and PtIV−AuI‐carbene prodrugs display low to sub‐μM activity against several cancer cell lines and overcome cisplatin (cisPt) resistance. Linking a cisPt‐derived PtIV(phenylbutyrate) complex to a AuI‐phenylimidazolylidene complex2, yielded the most potent prodrug. While in vivo tests against Lewis Lung Carcinoma showed that the prodrug PtIV(phenylbutyrate)‐AuI‐carbene (7) and the 1 : 1 : 1 co‐administration of cisPt: phenylbutyrate:2efficiently inhibited tumor growth (≈95 %), much better than2(75 %) or cisPt (84 %),7exhibited only 5 % body weight loss compared to 14 % for2, 20 % for cisPt and >30 % for the co‐administration.7was much more efficient than2at inhibiting TrxR activity in the isolated enzyme, in cells and in the tumor, even though it was much less efficient than2at binding to selenocysteine peptides modeling the active site of TrxR. Organ distribution and laser‐ablation (LA)‐ICP‐TOFMS imaging suggest that7arrives intact at the tumor and is activated there.
Interfacial Engineering of Ni/V2O3 Heterostructure Catalyst for Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Duan Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Gao Fei‐Yue , Kong Yuan , Duan Ying , Yang Xiao‐Tu , Yu Xing‐Xing , Wang Yan‐Ru , Qin Shuai , Chen Zhi , Wu Rui , Yang Peng‐Peng , Zheng Xu‐Sheng , Zhu Jun‐Fa , Gao Min‐Rui , Lu Tong‐Bu , Yu Zi‐You , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkaline fuel cells can permit the adoption of platinum group metal‐free (PGM‐free) catalysts and cheap bipolar plates, thus further lowering the cost. With the exploration of PGM‐free hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts, nickel‐based compounds have been considered as the most promising HOR catalysts in alkali. Here we report an interfacial engineering through the formation of nickel‐vanadium oxide (Ni/V2O3) heterostructures to activate Ni for efficient HOR catalysis in alkali. The strong electron transfer from Ni to V2O3 could modulate the electronic structure of Ni sites. The optimal Ni/V2O3 catalyst exhibits a high intrinsic activity of 0.038 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that Ni/V2O3 interface as the active sites can enable to optimize the hydrogen and hydroxyl bindings, as well as protect metallic Ni from extensive oxidation, thus achieving the notable activity and durability.
Photo‐Induced Switching of CO2 Hydrogenation Pathway towards CH3OH Production over Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2(Co)
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Wang Yajing , Wang Fengliang , Li Yingwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is highly desired to achieve controllable product selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation. Herein, we report light‐induced switching of reaction pathways of CO2 hydrogenation towards CH3OH production over actomically dispersed Co decorated Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2. CO, being the main product in the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) pathway under thermocatalysis condition, is switched to CH3OH via the formate pathway with the assistance of light irradiation. Impressively, the space‐time yield of CH3OH in photo‐assisted thermocatalysis (1916.3 μmol gcat−1 h−1) is about 7.8 times higher than that without light at 240 °C and 1.5 MPa. Mechanism investigation indicates that upon light irradiation, excited UiO‐66‐NH2 can transfer electrons to Pt nanoparticles and Co sites, which can efficiently catalyze the critical elementary steps (i.e., CO2‐to‐*HCOO conversion), thus suppressing the RWGS pathway to achieve a high CH3OH selectivity.
A Multifluorination Strategy Toward Wide Bandgap Polymers for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jinming , Li Dongyan , Su Mingbin , Xiao Yonghong , Chen Hui , Lin Man , Qiao Xiaolan , Dang Li , Huang Xiao‐Chun , He Feng , Wu Qinghe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCreating new electron‐deficient unit is highly demanded to develop high‐performance polymer donors for non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we reported a multifluorinated unit 4,5,6,7‐tetrafluoronaphtho[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithio‐phene (FNT) and its polymers PFNT‐F and PFNT‐Cl. The advantages of multifluorination: (1) it enables the polymers to exhibit low‐lying HOMO (≈−5.5 eV) and wide band gap (≈2.0 eV); (2) the short interactions (F⋅⋅⋅H, F⋅⋅⋅F) endow the polymers with properties of high film crystallinity and efficient hole transport; (3) well miscibility with NFAs that leads to a more well‐defined nanofibrous morphology and face‐on orientation in the blend films. Therefore, the PFNT‐F/Cl : N3 based OSCs exhibit impressive FF values of 0.80, and remarkable PCEs of 17.53 % and 18.10 %, which make them ranked the best donor materials in OSCs. This work offers new insights into the rational design of high‐performance polymers by multifluorination strategy.
Synthetic Receptors with Micromolar Affinity for Chloride in Water
Authors: Sudan Sylvain , Chen Damien W. , Berton Cesare , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA water‐soluble coordination cage was obtained by reaction of Pd(NO3)2 with a 1,3‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzene ligand featuring a short PEG chain. The cavity of the metal‐organic cage contains one nitrate anion, which is readily replaced by chloride. The apparent association constant for chloride binding in buffered aqueous solution is Ka=1.8(±0.1)×105 M−1. This value is significantly higher than what has been reported for other macrocyclic chloride receptors. The heavier halides Br− and I− compete with binding or self‐assembly, but the receptor displays very good selectivity over common anions such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and sulfate. A further increase of the chloride binding affinity by a factor of 3 was achieved using a fluorinated dipyridyl ligand.