bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Winter Palace” in Malmö: Subversive Activists, Welfare-State Anarchists, or Just a Slightly Radical Cultural Association?
Authors: Egefur Fredrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Winter Palace (TWP) was a venue and association within the left-wing alternative environment in Malmö between 1987–1989, with premises in the port area. The venue ran a pub and café; arranged concerts, public lectures, and movie screenings; broadcasted radio; published fanzines; and more. The idea was that the proceeds would be used to build a Southern Swedish center for anarchist propaganda and political struggle. However, this idea did not fully realize, and the extensive mix of cultural activities is probably better remembered today than the more explicit political activities that were carried out. In the early 1990s, the far-left environment in Sweden changed. A more autonomous (and violent) group led a long and controversial squatting event in Malmö, resulting in the biggest operation to date by Swedish police against this kind of activity. Apparently, a generational shift had taken place and the methods used by TWP were criticized for not being political enough. This article follows the events at TWP during its active period and draws several conclusions from the similar squatting movement in western Europe at the same time. It also discusses if there was a specific way of Swedish alternative left-wing actions in the 1980s.
Action Without Contention? Contextualizing Social Movements in 1980s Sweden
Authors: van der Steen Bart 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe early 1980s in Western Europe were characterized by a massive wave of, at times militant, protest. In this context, Sweden looked like the odd one out because confrontations remained a marginal phenomenon. Could this be explained by the Swedish political system, which was characterized by moderation, dialogue and negotiation? This paper argues that asking what made Sweden different risks disconnecting Swedish protest experiences from the rest of Europe. Instead, researchers should ask how and why the image of mass contention and militancy, became a norm that informed the expectations of 1980s activists, authorities and the media. The argument is not that researchers should discard the norm of mass contentious action and instead focus on ‘what really happened’. Rather, the norm itself should be approached as a historical category, one that deeply influenced (views of) the 1980s protest wave—both then and now. Asking such questions can help clarify the relation between contention, subversion and social movement power.
Transnational Higher Education—The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Varpahovskis E. , Kuteleva A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, higher education in Central Asia started to rapidly internationalize. The work of transnational higher education institutions (THEIs), including branch campuses and schools sponsored by international organizations, allows the Central Asian states to de-monopolize and diversify sources of knowledge and technologies. Human rights education is one of the new fields of research and teaching introduced through the curricula of THEIs in Central Asia. Using the case of Kazakhstan, we analyze the proliferation of courses related to human rights in THEIs. Our findings show that despite the presence of such courses in some THEIs, stakeholders such as the state and the universities themselves demonstrate little if any interest in human rights education. As a result, human rights are only taught at THEIs in Kazakhstan to a limited extent. We suggest further ways to explore this phenomenon in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian states.
Awareness in Central Asian States of Discrimination Against Labor Migrants Abroad
Authors: Ysmanova Kasiet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLabor migration and the treatment of Central Asian (CA) migrants abroad is an important issue discussed among the wider public and the human rights community both within and outside the region. This chapter compares cross-country survey data on awareness about specific human rights-related matters taken from the migration section of the Central Asia Barometer Survey (CAB Survey) conducted in fall 2021 and spring 2022. The data helps us understand how societies in all five CA countries perceive migration issues in general, with a focus on the treatment of their citizens as labor migrants abroad. This data is illustrated by comparing the public attitudes toward labor migration in the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022. The findings indicate that most respondents across Central Asia are indeed concerned about the treatment of labor migrants in host countries. Concern about this topic in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan increased slightly from fall 2021 to spring 2022. However, the degree of concern varies across the different Central Asian states and societies, a phenomenon that we discuss in our paper as an effect of response and nonresponse bias within an authoritarian context, thus also shedding light on the situation regarding freedom of speech and expression in Central Asia.
Lattice quantum Villain Hamiltonians: compact scalars, U(1) gauge theories, fracton models and quantum Ising model dualities
Authors: Fazza Lucca , Sulejmanpasic Tin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct Villain Hamiltonians for compact scalars and abelian gauge theories. The Villain integers are promoted to integral spectrum operators, whose canonical conjugates are naturally compact scalars. Further, depending on the theory, these conjugate operators can be interpreted as (higher-form) gauge fields. If a gauge symmetry is imposed on these dual gauge fields, a natural constraint on the Villain operator leads to the absence of defects (e.g. vortices, monopoles,…). These lattice models therefore have the same symmetry and anomaly structure as their corresponding continuum models. Moreover they can be formulated in a way that makes the well-know dualities look manifest, e.g. a compact scalar in 2d has a T-duality, in 3d is dual to a U(1) gauge theory, etc. We further discuss the gauged version of compact scalars on the lattice, its anomalies and solution, as well as a particular limit of the gauged XY model at strong coupling which reduces to the transverse-field Ising model. The construction for higher-form gauge theories is similar. We apply these ideas to the constructions of some models which are of interest to fracton physics, in particular the XY-plaquette model and the tensor gauge field model. The XY-plaquette model in 2+1d coupled to a tensor gauge fields at strong gauge coupling is also exactly described by a transverse field quantum J1 − J2 Ising model with J1 = 2J2, and discuss the phase structure of such models.
On the spectrum of the double-layer operator on locally-dilation-invariant Lipschitz domains
Authors: Chandler-Wilde Simon N. , Hagger Raffael , Perfekt Karl-Mikael , Virtanen Jani A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe say that $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, the boundary of a bounded Lipschitz domain, is locally dilation invariant if, at each $$x\in \Gamma $$

x
∈
Γ

, $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is either locally $$C^1$$

C
1

or locally coincides (in some coordinate system centred at x) with a Lipschitz graph $$\Gamma _x$$

Γ
x

such that $$\Gamma _x=\alpha _x\Gamma _x$$

Γ
x

=

α
x

Γ
x

, for some $$\alpha _x\in (0,1)$$

α
x

∈

(
0
,
1
)

. In this paper we study, for such $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, the essential spectrum of $$D_\Gamma $$

D
Γ

, the double-layer (or Neumann–Poincaré) operator of potential theory, on $$L^2(\Gamma )$$

L
2

(
Γ
)

. We show, via localisation and Floquet–Bloch-type arguments, that this essential spectrum is the union of the spectra of related continuous families of operators $$K_t$$

K
t

, for $$t\in [-\pi ,\pi ]$$

t
∈
[
-
π
,
π
]

; moreover, each $$K_t$$

K
t

is compact if $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is $$C^1$$

C
1

except at finitely many points. For the 2D case where, additionally, $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is piecewise analytic, we construct convergent sequences of approximations to the essential spectrum of $$D_\Gamma $$

D
Γ

; each approximation is the union of the eigenvalues of finitely many finite matrices arising from Nyström-method approximations to the operators $$K_t$$

K
t

. Through error estimates with explicit constants, we also construct functionals that determine whether any particular locally-dilation-invariant piecewise-analytic $$\Gamma $$
Γ
satisfies the well-known spectral radius conjecture, that the essential spectral radius of $$D_\Gamma $$

D
Γ

on $$L^2(\Gamma )$$

L
2

(
Γ
)

is $$<1/2$$

<
1
/
2

for all Lipschitz $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. We illustrate this theory with examples; for each we show that the essential spectral radius is$$<1/2$$

<
1
/
2

, providing additional support for the conjecture. We also, via new results on the invariance of the essential spectral radius under locally-conformal $$C^{1,\beta }$$

C

1
,
β

diffeomorphisms, show that the spectral radius conjecture holds for all Lipschitz curvilinear polyhedra.
Factors Affecting Early Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis in Older People—A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Köstenbauer Jakob K. , Gandy Robert C. , Close Jacqueline , Harvey Lara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAcute cholecystitis is one of the most common surgical presentations in Australia and increases with age. Guidelines recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 7 days), as it results in shorter length of stay, reduced costs and readmission rates. Despite this, there is a perception that early cholecystectomy may result in higher morbidity and conversion to open surgery in older patients. Our objective is to report the proportion of early versus delayed cholecystectomy in older patients in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and to compare health outcomes and factors influencing variation.DesignThis is a retrospective population‐based cohort study of all cholecystectomies for primary acute cholecystitis in NSW residents aged >50, between 2009 and 2019. The primary outcome was the proportion of early versus delayed cholecystectomy. We used multilevel multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, insurance status, socio‐economic status and hospital characteristics.ResultsA high rate (85%) of the 47,478 cholecystectomies in older patients were performed within 7 days of admission. Delayed surgery was associated with increasing age and comorbidity, male sex, Medicare‐only insurance and surgery in low‐ or medium‐volume centres. Early surgery was associated with shorter overall length of stay, fewer readmissions, less conversion to open surgery and lower bile duct injury rates.ConclusionA high proportion of adults with cholecystitis are undergoing early cholecystectomy in NSW. Our results support the efficacy of early cholecystectomy in older patients and identify potentially modifiable factors relevant to health care professionals and policymakers.
Necrotising Fasciitis During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: An Australian Hospital Network Experience
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Dung , Diab Jason , Khaicy David , Diab Vanessa , Hopkins Zachias , Foong Lai Heng , Berney Christophe R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical presentations of diseases and the provision of global healthcare services have been negatively affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our study aimed to determine the impact of this global pandemic on presentations of necrotising fasciitis (NF).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of adult patients with NF in South West Sydney Local Health District from January 2017 to October 2022. An analysis of sociodemographic and clinical outcomes was performed comparing the COVID‐19 cohort (2020–2022) and the pre‐COVID‐19 cohort (2017–2019).ResultsSixty‐five patients were allocated to the COVID‐19 cohort, and 81 patients were in the control cohort. The presentation to hospitals of the COVID‐19 cohort was significantly delayed compared to the control cohort (6.1 vs. 3.2 days, P < 0.001). Patients of the age group of 40 years and younger experienced prolonged operative time (1.8 vs. 1.0 h, P = 0.040), higher number of operations (4.8 vs. 2.1, P = 0.008), and longer total length of stay (LoS) (31.3 vs. 10.3 days, P = 0.035) during the pandemic. The biochemical, clinical, or post‐operative outcomes of two groups were not significantly different.ConclusionThis multi‐centre study showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic delayed presentations of NF but did not result in any significant overall changes in operative time, ICU admissions, LoS, and mortality rate. Patients aged less than 40 years in the COVID‐19 group were likely to experience prolonged operative time, higher number of operations, and greater LoS.
A machine-learning-based prediction of non-home discharge among acute heart failure patients
Authors: Okada Akira , Kaneko Hidehiro , Konishi Masaaki , Kamiya Kentaro , Sugimoto Tadafumi , Matsuoka Satoshi , Yokota Isao , Suzuki Yuta , Yamaguchi Satoko , Itoh Hidetaka , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Scarce data on factors related to discharge disposition in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) were available, and we sought to develop a parsimonious and simple predictive model for non-home discharge via machine learning.

Methods
This observational cohort study using a Japanese national database included 128,068 patients admitted from home for AHF between April 2014 and March 2018. The candidate predictors for non-home discharge were patient demographics, comorbidities, and treatment performed within 2 days after hospital admission. We used 80% of the population to develop a model using all 26 candidate variables and using the variable selected by 1 standard-error rule of Lasso regression, which enhances interpretability, and 20% to validate the predictive ability.

Results
We analyzed 128,068 patients, and 22,330 patients were not discharged to home; 7,879 underwent in-hospital death and 14,451 were transferred to other facilities. The machine-learning-based model consisted of 11 predictors, showing a discrimination ability comparable to that using all the 26 variables (c-statistic: 0.760 [95% confidence interval, 0.752–0.767] vs. 0.761 [95% confidence interval, 0.753–0.769]). The common 1SE-selected variables identified throughout all analyses were low scores in activities of daily living, advanced age, absence of hypertension, impaired consciousness, failure to initiate enteral alimentation within 2 days and low body weight.

Conclusions
The developed machine learning model using 11 predictors had a good predictive ability to identify patients at high risk for non-home discharge. Our findings would contribute to the effective care coordination in this era when HF is rapidly increasing in prevalence.
Outcomes following oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma resection and bilateral neck dissection with or without contralateral postoperative radiotherapy of the pathologically node-negative neck
Authors: Jansen Florian , Betz Christian Stephan , Belau Matthias Hans , Matnjani Gesa , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Dwertmann-Rico Sebastian , Stölzel Katharina , Möckelmann Nikolaus , Böttcher Arne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are no consensus guidelines regarding the postoperative treatment of the contralateral pathologically node-negative neck in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to determine if omission of postoperative irradiation of the contralateral pathologically node-negative neck affects oncological outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 84 patients with primary surgical treatment including bilateral neck dissection and postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy (PO(C)RT). Survival was analyzed using the log-rank test and the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Patients showed no decrease in tumor-free, cause-specific (CSS), or overall survival (OS) when PO(C)RT of the contralateral pathologically node-negative neck was omitted. Increased OS was found in patients with unilateral PO(C)RT and especially an increased OS and CSS was found in unilateral PO(C)RT and in tumors arising from lymphoepithelial tissue.

Conclusions
Omitting the contralateral pathologically node-negative neck appears to be safe in terms of survival and our retrospective study advocates further prospective randomized control de-escalation trials.
Matching the pitch perception of the cochlear implanted ear with the contralateral ear in patients with single-sided deafness: a novel approach
Authors: Tóth Tamás Ferenc , Németh Adrienne , Bakó Péter , Révész Péter , Gerlinger Imre , Szanyi István 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Single-sided deaf patients following cochlear implantation often compare the sound quality of their implanted ear with normal hearing. The interaural differences can result in dissatisfaction with speech comprehension and reduced time of usage of the speech processor; hence, prolonging auditory adaptation time. The proposed calibration method presented in this study demonstrates how the frequency distribution of the cochlear implant can be set to adequately approximate the pitch perception of the contralateral normal hearing ear towards improving speech intelligibility in a noisy environment.

Methods
In 12 postlingual single-sided deaf patients, subjective interaural pitch-matching was carried out to determine new central frequencies for the reallocation of the frequency bands of their speech processor (CP910, CP950 or CP1000, Cochlear, Australia). The patients were asked to compare the pitch of the tones presented to their normal hearing ear to the pitch of individual channels of their cochlear implant (CI522 or CI622, Cochlear, Australia). A third-degree polynomial curve was fit to the acquired matching frequencies to create the new frequency allocation table. Audiological measurements (free-field aided thresholds, speech reception thresholds, and monosyllabic word recognition score) in noise, together with a Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) questionnaire (short version of the original SSQ) results were evaluated prior to the pitch-matching procedure, and again, 2 weeks later.

Results
The free-field aided thresholds of the patients showed no greater shift than ± 5 dB following the procedure; however, their monosyllabic word recognition score in noise improved significantly (mean − 9.58%, SD 4.98%, matched pairs t test comparison: p < 0.001). The results of the SSQ12 questionnaire also showed significant improvement in speech intelligibility, sound localization, and sound quality (mean 0.96 points, SD 0.45 points, matched pairs t test comparison: p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Matching the pitch perception of the implanted cochlea with the sensation of the normal hearing contralateral ear, resulted in significant changes in the quality of hearing in patients with single-sided deafness. It is plausible the procedure can usher positive results in bimodal patients or following sequential bilateral cochlear implantation.
Oligodendrocytes matter: a review of animal studies on early adversity
Authors: Abraham Mate , Peterburs Jutta , Mundorf Annakarina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExposure to adversities in early life appears to affect the development of white matter, especially oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, altered myelination is present in regions subjected to maturation during the developmental time when early adversities are experienced. In this review, studies applying two well-established animal models of early life adversity, namely maternal separation and maternal immune activation, focusing on oligodendrocyte alterations and resulting implications for psychiatric disorders are discussed. Studies revealed that myelination is reduced as a result of altered oligodendrocyte expression. Furthermore, early adversity is associated with increased cell death, a simpler morphology, and inhibited oligodendrocyte maturation. However, these effects seem to be region- specific as some brain regions show increased expression while others show decreased expression of oligodendroglia-related genes, and they occur especially in regions of ongoing development. Some studies furthermore suggest that early adversity leads to premature differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Importantly, especially early exposure results in stronger oligodendrocyte-related impairments. However, resulting alterations are not restricted to exposure during the early pre- and postnatal days as social isolation after weaning leads to fewer internodes and branches and shorter processes of oligodendrocytes in adulthood. Eventually, the found alterations may lead to dysfunction and long-lasting alterations in structural brain development associated with psychiatric disorders. To date, only few preclinical studies have focused on the effects of early adversity on oligodendrocytes. More studies including several developmental stages are needed to further disentangle the role of oligodendrocytes in the development of psychiatric disorders.
Identification of neighborhood clusters on data balanced by a poset-based approach
Authors: Silan Margherita , Belloni Pietro , Boccuzzo Giovanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe identification of territorial clusters where the population suffers from worse health conditions is an important topic in social epidemiology, in order to identify health inequalities in cities and provide health policy interventions. This objective is particularly challenging because of the mechanism of self-selection of individuals into neighborhoods, which causes selection bias. The aim of this paper consists in the identification of neighborhood clusters where elderly people living in Turin, a city in north-western Italy, are exposed to an increased risk of hospitalized fractures. The study is based on administrative data and is a retrospective, observational cohort study. It is composed by a first phase, in which the individual confounding variables are balanced across neighborhoods in order to make them comparable, and a second phase in which the neighborhoods are aggregated into clusters characterized by significantly higher health risk. In the first phase we exploited a balancing technique based on partially ordered sets (poset), called Matching on poset based Average Rank for Multiple Treatments (MARMoT). On the balanced dataset, we used a spatial scan to identify the presence of clusters and we checked whether the risk of fracture is significantly higher in some contiguous areas. The combination of both MARMoT procedure and spatial scan makes it possible to highlight two clusters of neighborhoods in Turin where the risk of incurring hospitalized fractures for elderly people is significantly higher than the mean. These results could have important implications for the implementation of health policies.