bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features and prognostic nomogram of giant cell carcinoma of the lung: A population‐based study
Authors: He Jiang , Ni Jin‐Ping , Li Guang‐Bin , Yao Jie , Ni Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to its rarity, the features and prognosis of giant cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) are not well defined. The present study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of this rare disease, compare it with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), further determine the prognostic factors and establish a nomogram.MethodsPatients diagnosed with GCCL and LAC were identified from the SEER database between 2004 and 2016. The features and survival between GCCL and LAC were compared in the unmatched and matched cohorts after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors, and a nomogram was constructed. Area under the curve (AUC), C‐index, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to confirm the established nomogram.ResultsA total of 295 patient diagnosed with GCCL and 149 082 patients with LAC were identified. Compared with LAC, patients with GCCL tend to be younger, male, black and have pathological Grade III/IV GCCL, more proportion of AJCC‐TNM‐IV, T3/T4 and distant metastases. The 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year OS rates of the patients with GCCL were 21.7%, 13.4% and 7.9%, respectively. The median OS and CSS were 3 and 4 months, respectively. Patients with GCCL had significantly shorter OS and CSS than those with LAC in the unmatched and matched cohorts after PSM. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that T, N and M stages and use of chemotherapy and surgery were independent of survival. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic nomogram for OS and CSS by using independent prognostic factors. The C‐index of OS‐specific nomogram is 0.78 (0.74–0.81), and the C‐index of CSS‐specific nomogram is 0.77 (0.73–0.80). The calibration curve and ROC analysis showed good predictive capability of these nomograms. DCA showed that the nomogram had greater clinical practical value in predicting the OS and CSS of GCCL than TNM staging.ConclusionGCCL have distinct clinicopathological characteristics and significantly worse clinical outcomes. Prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and CSS were constructed.
Staying in situ or shifting range under ongoing climate change: A case of an endemic herb in theHimalaya‐HengduanMountains across elevational gradients
Authors: Lin Nan , Liu Qun , Landis Jacob B. , Rana Hum Kala , Li Zhimin , Wang Hengchang , Sun Hang , Deng Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimHow species respond to ongoing climate change has been a hot research topic, especially with the controversy in shifting range (movement) or persisting in local habitat (in situ) as the primary response. Assessing the relative roles of range shifts, phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation helps us predict the evolutionary fate of species. We aim to explore the evolutionary strategies of plants under climate change from a keystone herb in alpine ecosystems,Mirabilis himalaica, along its elevational gradient.LocationHimalaya‐Hengduan Mountains, China.MethodsWe combined evidence from population genomics and ecological data in both space and time to investigate the state of “staying” or “moving”. We identified migration events by assessing historical and contemporary gene flow and changes in species distribution. Morphological variation was compared by measuring five traits using specimen data. Moreover, we explored climate‐driven genetic variation and local selection regimes acting on populations in the alpine landscape along an elevational gradient.ResultsOur results argue that staying in situ by morphological variation and local genetic evolution rather than range shifting plays an important role inM. himalaicaresponse to climate change. We first found trace evidence of upward or climatic‐driven shifting along an elevational gradient, although asymmetric gene flow was restricted within microenvironments of mid‐elevational populations. Furthermore, morphological variation comparisons revealed clinal variation, as resource allocation showed a declining pattern in vegetative growth but increased reproductive growth with increasing elevation. Outlier tests and environment association analyses indicated adaptative loci primarily related to thermal‐driven selection and continuous adaptations to high elevation in the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains.Main ConclusionsOur findings showM. himalaicamay persist in local habitats rather than shifting range under climate change, exhibiting a low risk of genomic vulnerability in current habitats. This study has important implications in improving our understanding of the evolutionary response in alpine plants to climate change.
Drivers and implications of combined investment in renewables and energy storage in the residential sector
Authors: Cho Na Rea , Kim Youngsoo , Murali Karthik , Yavuz Mesut 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResidential consumers are increasingly combining renewables with energy storage systems. However, changes in policies and support for these technologies may impact their adoption and the outlook for the energy industry. In this paper, we consider a grid‐connected household's problem of determining the optimal capacities of these two technologies as well as the battery operating policy that minimizes its electricity costs when faced with time‐of‐use electricity prices and sellback credits. We identify the impact of household characteristics, technological progress, and electricity pricing policies on the levels of investment in these two technologies. Furthermore, we supplement our analytical results with a case study of two U.S. cities and identify policy guidelines for the design of a technology subsidy program aimed at stimulating the adoption of these technologies and the ensuing implications for residential customers, the environment, and grid reliability. Our paper has implications for several stakeholders in practice on (i) how the adoption of renewables is affected by energy storage (and vice versa) and (ii) how electricity pricing, technological progress, and subsidy policies can shape the adoption of both technologies.
Machine Learning–Based Profiling in Test Cheating Detection
Authors: Meng Huijuan , Ma Ye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have received more attention in detecting aberrant test‐taking behaviors due to advantages when compared to traditional data forensics methods. However, defining “True Test Cheaters” is challenging—different than other fraud detection tasks such as flagging forged bank checks or credit card frauds, testing organizations are often lack of physical evidences to identify “True Test Cheaters” to train ML models. This study proposed a statistically defensible method of labeling “True Test Cheaters” in the data, demonstrated the effectiveness of using ML approaches to identify irregular statistical patterns in exam data, and established an analytical framework for evaluating and conducting real‐time ML‐based test data forensics. Classification accuracy and false negative/positive results are evaluated across different supervised‐ML techniques. The reliability and feasibility of operationally using this approach for an IT certification exam are evaluated using real data.
Growing up in Nso: Changes and continuities in children's relational networks during the first three years of life
Authors: Lamm Bettina , Schmidt Wiebke Johanna , Ndzenyuiy Melody Ngaidzeyuf , Keller Heidi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is an undisputed fact among attachment researchers that children need stability and continuity in their caregiving environment for optimal developmental outcomes. However, anthropological studies show that informal and often temporally limited kinship‐based foster care, including changes of children's primary caregivers, is widespread in some cultural contexts and considered normative and thus beneficial for children. Based on ethnographic interviews with Nso families in northwestern Cameroon, we analyzed the dynamics of caregiving arrangements and relational networks during infancy and early childhood. Exploring household compositions, caregiving responsibilities, children's preferred caregivers, and foster care arrangements revealed multiple caregiver networks, with the importance of the mother decreasing and the importance of alloparents and peers increasing as the children grow older. Also, families have fluid boundaries, with about one‐third of the children changing households in the first three years of life. The Nso children's experiences reflect a relational cultural model of infant care as a cooperative task and a communal conception of attachment. The results are discussed in relation to attachment theory's claims about universal patterns of development.
Treatment of congenital atypical haemangiosarcoma in a foal
Authors: Vázquez Bringas Francisco José , Romero Lasheras Antonio , Laborda García Alicia , Gómez‐Arrue Azpiazu Javier , García Jalón Ciércoles José Antonio , Vitoria Moraiz Arantza 
Published: January 2023

SummaryHaemangiosarcoma is a rare vascular tumour in horses, usually originating from blood vessel endothelial cells. We present the case of an 8‐day‐old foal, referred for an atypical large subcutaneous mass on the left side since birth. Ultrasonographically, it showed multiple cavities with hypoechoic content, marked vascularisation and fluid movement between cavities. As the nature of the mass suggested that surgery could result in profuse bleeding, we decided to perform an initial arteriography to identify the pattern and calibre of the main vessels and embolisation of this vascular supply, which allowed surgical removal with less bleeding than expected. This approach, with pre‐surgical transarterial embolisation of the tumour, is not commonly used in equine surgery. Histology established a diagnosis of cutaneous haemangiosarcoma. During 1‐year post‐surgery, clinical and ultrasound examinations were carried out without any signs of recurrence or metastasis. One year later, the foal was euthanised due to a limb fracture. No macroscopic signs of metastasis were observed at necropsy. Histology showed no signs of recurrence. Cutaneous haemangiosarcomas, though rare, should be included in the differential of masses and growths with compatible ultrasound or cytological findings. Transcatheter arterial embolisation of highly vascularised neoplasms can reduce bleeding and facilitate subsequent surgical resection.
Profiles of perceived resources among low‐income, rural mothers: Prospective associations with maternal and child outcomes
Authors: Wu Qiong , Radey Melissa , Han Soo Jin , Jalapa Karina , Tawfiq Dania , McWey Lenore 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow‐income, rural families face significant mental health risks. However, the understanding of resources associated with mental health risks is limited. The present study investigated the associations between perceived resources of low‐income, rural mothers, and longitudinal maternal and child outcomes. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Family Life Project (N = 1203), from US rural areas with high poverty rates. Mothers reported their resources at 6‐month postpartum, and their levels of depression, anxiety, and role overload were assessed at 2‐year postpartum. Mothers reported their children's behavioral problems at 3 years old. Using a person‐centered approach, we identified four maternal profiles: lower resources (7.1%); higher intra‐family support (11.1%); higher inter‐family support (20.8%); and higher resources (60.9%). In general, the higher resource profile was associated with lower mental health concerns of mothers and lower levels of behavior problems of children. Mothers in the higher intra‐family support profile had disproportionately higher role overload. Children of mothers in the higher inter‐family support profile showed disproportionately higher behavioral problems. Maternal partner status and education were significant predictors of resource profiles. Findings support the heterogeneity in perceived resources among low‐income, rural families and different risk levels. Identifying these subgroups has significant implications for policy and interventions aimed toward this vulnerable population.
A higher order thermoelastic analysis of fatigue crack growth can assess crack tip shielding
Authors: Camacho‐Reyes Alonso , Vasco‐Olmo Jose M. , James M. Neil , Diaz Francisco A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work uses a more accurate thermoelastic formulation than the classical equation, based on the inclusion of a higher order term, to analyze crack tip thermoelastic data. It is shown that this thermoelastic analysis (TSA) model can be fitted to the Christopher–James–Patterson crack tip field model and hence provides information on crack tip shielding. To validate the results of this analysis, stress intensity factors (SIFs) were compared with results obtained from digital image correlation (also fitted to the CJP model). A comparison was also made between these CJP‐derived SIF values and those obtained using a purely elastic Irwin–Westergaard approach. A high level of agreement was observed between DIC and TSA results in assessing ΔKCJPthat is the net result of the driving and the shielding forces on the crack tip. The ability to assess shielding using TSA is a significant step forward in its potential use in a more accurate characterization of crack tip fields.
Variations in leaf anatomical characteristics drive the decrease of mesophyll conductance in poplar under elevated ozone
Authors: Xu Yansen , Feng Zhaozhong , Peng Jinlong , Uddling Johan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDecline in mesophyll conductance (gm) plays a key role in limiting photosynthesis in plants exposed to elevated ozone (O3). Leaf anatomical traits are known to influence gm, but the potential effects of O3‐induced changes in leaf anatomy on gm have not yet been clarified. Here, two poplar clones were exposed to elevated O3. The effects of O3 on the photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics were assessed to investigate the leaf anatomical properties that potentially affect gm. We also conducted global meta‐analysis to explore the general response patterns of gm and leaf anatomy to O3 exposure. We found that the O3‐induced reduction in gm was critical in limiting leaf photosynthesis. Changes in liquid‐phase conductance rather than gas‐phase conductance drive the decline in gm under elevated O3, and this effect was associated with thicker cell walls and smaller chloroplast sizes. The effects of O3 on palisade and spongy mesophyll cell traits and their contributions to gm were highly genotype‐dependent. Our results suggest that, while anatomical adjustments under elevated O3 may contribute to defense against O3 stress, they also cause declines in gm and photosynthesis. These results provide the first evidence of anatomical constraints on gm under elevated O3.
The emotional experience of mothers of children with haemophilia: maternal guilt, effective coping strategies and resilience within the haemophilia community
Authors: Sheridan Nina , Thompson Beth , Lichten Lauren , Coleman Karlene , Sidonio Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionMothers of children with haemophilia (CWH) experience guilt related to this genetic condition. Several factors contributing to maternal guilt have been identified, but the scope and extent of guilt have not previously been quantified.AimThis study provides insight into the experience of mothers of CWH and how they perceive and manage guilt. It then identifies the most common and helpful coping mechanisms.MethodsBetween May and October 2021, we distributed an anonymous electronic survey to mothers of CWH. The Parent Experience of Child Illness measured maternal guilt, the PROMIS Parent Proxy for Life Satisfaction measured perception of their child's life satisfaction and additional questions explored specific guilt factors and coping strategies.ResultsEighty‐seven mothers responded to the survey. Forty percent of mothers experienced increased guilt. The most common reasons for guilt included putting their child through pain during infusions and passing on the affected X chromosome. Perceived life satisfaction, increased age and genetic counselling were associated with less guilt. The most common coping strategies involved utilizing social support, self‐education and connecting with other mothers in the community.ConclusionSome mothers experienced increased feelings of guilt, illustrating the need for providers to tactfully provide anticipatory guidance and counselling. Tangible manifestations of haemophilia were more likely to trigger feelings of guilt than familial factors. Community immersion was beneficial, as other mothers in the community served as a source of social and educational support. Most mothers did not report guilt, illustrating the adaptability and resilience of the haemophilia community.
Hungry bone syndrome after parathyroid surgery
Authors: Tai Ya‐Ling , Shen Hsin‐Yi , Nai Wei‐Hsuan , Fu Jen‐Fen , Wang I‐Kuan , Huang Chien‐Chang , Weng Cheng‐Hao , Lee Cheng‐Chia , Huang Wen‐Hung , Yang Huang‐Yu , Hsu Ching‐Wei , Yen Tzung‐Hai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionData on the incidence rates of hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy in patients on dialysis are inconsistent, as the published rates vary from 15.8% to 92.9%.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2019, 120 hemodialysis patients underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence (n = 100) or absence (n = 20) of hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy.FindingsSubtotal parathyroidectomy was the most common surgery performed (76.7%), followed by total parathyroidectomy with autoimplantation (23.3%). Pathological examination revealed parathyroid hyperplasia. Hungry bone syndrome developed within 0.3 ± 0.3 months and lasted for 11.1 ± 14.7 months. After surgery, compared with patients without hungry bone syndrome, patients with hungry bone syndrome had lower levels of nadir corrected calcium (P < 0.001), as well as lower nadir (P < 0.001) and peak (P < 0.001) intact parathyroid hormone levels. During 59.3 ± 44.0 months of follow‐up, persistence and recurrence of hyperparathyroidism occurred in 25 (20.8%) and 30 (25.0%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, patients with hungry bone syndrome had a lower rate of persistent hyperparathyroidism than those without hungry bone syndrome (P < 0.001). Four patients (3.3%) underwent a second parathyroidectomy. Patients with hungry bone syndrome received fewer second parathyroidectomies than those without hungry bone syndrome (P < 0.001). Finally, a multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the preoperative blood ferritin level was a negative predictor of the development of hungry bone syndrome (P = 0.038).DiscussionHungry bone syndrome is common (83.3%) after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and this complication should be monitored and managed appropriately.
The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score is a prognostic factor for Child–Pugh A patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for single and small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Itoh Shinji , Kayashima Hiroto , Nagao Yoshihiro , Yoshiya Shohei , Tomino Takahiro , Fujimoto Yukiko Kosai , Tsutsui Yuriko , Nakayama Yuki , Harada Noboru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score reflects the immune system and the nutritional status of patients, and prognosis in various cancers. However, the HALP score in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported.MethodsData were analyzed retrospectively from Child–Pugh A patients undergoing hepatic resection for single hepatocellular carcinoma ≤5 cm. For cross‐validation, patients were divided into the training (332 patients) and validation cohort (210 patients). In the training cohort, we divided patients into two groups by appropriate cut‐off value of the HALP score, and univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted for disease‐free and overall survival (OS) between two groups. In the validation cohort, we examined OS by Kaplan–Meier analysis in the same cut‐off value of the HALP score in the training cohort.ResultsThe HALP‐low group was significantly older (p = 0.0003), had fewer hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive patients (p = 0.0369), higher prothrombin time (p = 0.0141), lower fibrosis‐4 index (p = 0.0206), bigger maximum tumor size (p = 0.0196), and less histological liver fibrosis (p = 0.0077). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival were fibrosis‐4 index ≥2.67 (p = 0.0008), simple nodular type with extranodular growth or confluent multinodular type (p = 0.0221), and intrahepatic metastasis (p = 0.0233), and that for OS were fibrosis‐4 index ≥2.67 (p = 0.0020), HALP ≤45.6 (p = 0.0228), and poor differentiation (p = 0.0305). In the validation cohort, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the trend toward significantly impaired OS (p = 0.0220) in the HALP‐low group.ConclusionWe showed that a low HALP score is the independent prognostic factor for Child–Pugh A patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for single and small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Impact of chemical and rheological properties on 3D printability and starch digestibility of potato pastes from different cultivars
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko 
Published: January 2023

SummaryPotato paste is a potential material for 3D food printing owing to its high printability. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potato characteristics on the printability of 3D food printer and starch digestibility, using potato pastes prepared from six potato cultivars with a wide range of cooking properties. The potato sample with the lowest starch content, peak viscosity and hardness of the printed products showed high levels of printability, including smoothness and formability. The difference in yield stress determined by stress sweep test reflected the variation in printability among potato cultivars. Potato samples with higher quality of smoothness and formability of the printed products showed a lower yield stress (968–1980 Pa), whereas those with poor printability showed relatively higher yield stress (3072–3167 Pa). The potato sample with the highest amylose content, setback viscosity and storage shear modulus demonstrated the lowest rapidly digestible starch (69.3%) and highest content of undigested starch after 120 min incubation (24.2%). The chemical and rheological properties of potato were shown to play important roles in improving the printability and nutritional value of paste as ink.