bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Before religious socialism: Tillich and social democracy in Wilhelmine Germany
Authors: Shearn Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dieser Aufsatz ist eine stark kontextualisierte Studie von Paul Tillichs Verhältnis zur Sozialdemokratie vor dem ersten Weltkrieg. Entgegen seiner Behauptung, seine Generation sei vor dem Krieg politisch indifferent gewesen, zeichne ich das Bild einer Generation von Theologen, die sich mit Leidenschaft der zentralen politischen Herausforderung ihrer Generation widmeten: der sozialen Frage. Tillichs autobiographische Tendenz ist, den Krieg als sein alleiniges Moment der Offenbarung gesellschaftlicher und politischer Zusammenhänge zu charakterisieren. Die Quellen zeigen aber, dass er schon als Student und junger Pastor seine politische Meinung bildete und zum Ausdruck brachte. Schon vor dem Krieg vollzog Tillich eine erhebliche Entfernung von den konservativen Positionen seines Vaters. Er konnte mindestens zeitweise eine erstaunliche theologische Würdigung der Sozialdemokratie bieten, auch wenn reale Begegnungen mit den Arbeitern im industriellen Berlin ihn dann zu einer kritischeren Position bewegten. Damit wird aber deutlich, dass Tillichs späterer religiöser Sozialismus nicht als bloße Folge des Kriegs gedacht werden soll, sondern immer auch als teilweise Anknüpfung an frühere Spannungen seines werdenden politischen Denkens.
Theodosius Harnack in Italien. Eine Romreise 1871
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Theodosius Harnack, a practical theologian who taught in Dorpat and Erlangen, was born in St. Petersburg. Strongly influenced by the Moravian Brethren and the Catholic revivalist movement in his youth, as a professor of theology in Dorpat he became a leading representative of a confessionalist renewal of the German-speaking Lutheran Church in the Russian Empire. Dorpat was the only Protestant theological faculty in Russia and was held in high esteem by Lutherans in the German Empire. In 1871, Theodosius Harnack, who had already travelled to Italy after completing his studies, travelled to Rome for the first time in his life. The fragment of a letter that has been preserved in the possession of the von Harnack family and is now published here for the first time provides information about this trip.
New evidence for sealing in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic from Tol-e Sangi, Iran
Authors: Khanipour Morteza , Yeganeh Sepideh Jamshidi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During the excavation of Tol-e Sangi in southern Iran, tokens and a sealing were discovered in Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN, c. 7050–6900 BC) layers. As the oldest sealing found in Iran, this artefact suggests that storage and sealing practices were used during the PPN period in South-west Asia.
Non-invasive brain stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex promotes willingness to exert cognitive effort in a foraging-like sequential choice task
Authors: Bogdanov Mario , Bustamante Laura A. , Devine Sean , Sheldon Signy , Otto A. Ross 
Published: January 2025

Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives, suggests causal involvement of the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) in effort-based decision-making. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we examined whether the FPC’s role in motivating effort generalizes to sequential choice problems in which task demand and reward rates vary indirectly and as a function of experience. In a double-blind, within-subject design, 46 participants (36 female, 8 male, 1 ‘neither/other’) received anodal (i.e., excitatory) or sham stimulation over the right FPC during an Effort Foraging Task, which required choosing between harvesting patches for successively decreasing resources or traveling to replenished patches by performing a cognitive task with environment-specific difficulty. As expected, participants exited patches later (i.e., exhibited lower exit thresholds) when travelling required greater (versus less) effort, indicating increased travel costs in high-effort environments. Under anodal tDCS, the difference in exit thresholds between environments was significantly smaller relative to sham. Finally, individual differences analyses hint that participants with lower self-reported motivation to exert effort exhibited greater travel cost reductions following tDCS. Together, these findings support the theorized causal role of the FPC in motivating cognitively effortful behavior, expand its role to more ecologically valid serial decisions and highlight the potential for tDCS as a tool to increase motivation with potential clinical applications.Significance statementUncovering the neural mechanisms regulating engagement in effortful behavior is crucial, as it will improve our understanding and treatment of conditions characterized by reduced motivation, e.g., apathy and anhedonia. The Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) has been implicated in increasing effort exertion in settings that provide explicit information about effort demand and reward. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we investigated whether the FPC retains its motivating capacity in sequential choice problems that vary effort and reward indirectly. We demonstrate that FPC stimulation decreases cognitive effort-based travel costs in an Effort Foraging Task, indicating a causal and general involvement of the FPC in motivating effortful behavior, highlighting the potential of tDCS as a new avenue for increasing motivation with potential clinical applications.
Exploring the Experiences of Teacher Researchers in the MADILEN Masters Study Program
Authors: Mazariegos Lima Vivian Gabriela 
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo se sitúa en las experiencias en investigación por parte del cuerpo docente de la Maestría en Didáctica de las Lenguas (MADILEN) de la Facultad de Lenguas, campus Tuxtla en la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH). El objetivo del estudio surge de la necesidad de conocer la formación y capacitación en investigación del reciente cuerpo docente de este programa, por tanto, la experiencia y formación en el área de la comunidad académica de MADILEN es un aspecto fundamental para promover la investigación, publicación y difusión de temas educativos relevantes, logrando una mayor participación en investigación a nivel estatal y nacional. El proyecto se desarrolló con una metodología de corte cualitativo y un diseño fenomenológico, ya que mediante la reflexión personal y subjetiva, el investigador revisa de manera consciente su experiencia, con el propósito de explicar, en un proceso interpretativo, su percepción de la realidad, sin separar la mente de los objetos De los Reyes Navarro et al., 2020; Wassler & Kuteynikova, (2019). Los participantes fueron seis docentes investigadores y una maestrante de la MADILEN. El estudio abarcó dos ciclos de acción, siendo el primero de carácter exploratorio y el segundo de implementación de los instrumentos de recuperación de información, todo ello a través de la entrevista estructurada y un grupo focal. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la formación, experiencias y las necesidades de las y los docentes en cuanto a formación en la investigación a nivel posgrado. Como resultados, se exponen la necesidad de obtención de recursos para la formación continua del profesorado y un taller de formación en investigación cualitativa dirigido a las y los docentes participantes del proyecto en los próximos meses.
Exploring Uncertainty in Moment Estimation for Small Earthquakes in Southern Nevada Using the Coda Envelope Method
Authors: Patton Anne M. , Pennington Colin N. , Walter William R. , Trugman Daniel T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Compiling source parameter estimates for small earthquakes is important both for our understanding of earthquake physics and for accurately assessing earthquake hazard. Reliable source parameter estimates are difficult to achieve for small earthquakes, in part due to our inability to accurately model the relevant physical processes at high frequencies. The coda envelope methodology developed by Mayeda and Walter (1996) and Mayeda et al. (2003) can mitigate this concern and estimate the moment of small earthquakes by determining the parameters that control the shape of the S-wave coda envelope while eliminating path effects by minimizing the scatter between seismic stations. Here, we use an open-source implementation of this technique called the Coda Calibration Tool (CCT; Barno, 2017) to calculate CCT-based moment magnitude estimates of small earthquakes (ML 0–3) in the Rock Valley, Nevada, region within the Nevada National Security Site. The Rock Valley data set is of particular interest because it allows us to explore the changes in uncertainties of the coda calibration method with earthquake size and depth. We found that a consistent linear relationship exists between the local magnitude ML and our coda-derived Mw estimates for earthquakes as small as ML 0–3, but that current CCT workflows do not accurately characterize very shallow events. We also demonstrate that the epistemic uncertainty in the apparent stress value assumed by the CCT algorithm can influence magnitude estimates of small earthquakes. These results provide valuable insight into the seismicity of this region, and inform future analysis and modeling efforts for nuclear monitoring and seismic hazard.
Representation of Masculinity in Chinua Aschebe's "The Voter" and Dimas Jayadinekat's "Si Pemalu Menang Pemilu": A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Wardhana Stanislaus Bayu Kusuma Wardhana 
Published: January 2025

The social construction of masculinity supports men's dominant roles, the subjugation of both the general male and female population, and other suppressed manifestations of masculinity. To reveal that subtle aspect, this study investigates how masculinity is portrayed in "The Voter" by Chinua Achebe and "Si Pemalu Menang Pemilu" by Dimas Jayadinekat. This study used the social construction of masculinity and hegemonic masculinity by Connell. Since the data took the form of narratives about the short stories, the qualitative descriptive method was used. A close reading technique is used to support the analysis of the data to find evidence. The result shows that there is some evidence of the social construction of masculinity and actions done by the main characters that represent hegemonic masculinity. Even though these short stories have different origins, the construction of masculinity of being an ideal man is relatively similar. It has also shown that masculinity is not simply ‘there’, there must be a construction of masculinity by society as depicted in both short stories.
FAMILY PERCEPTION OF LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL IN PATIENT WITH SEVERE BRAIN INJURY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN BANDUNG-INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Gezira Azka Aulia , Huspa Fitri Agustina , Syukriani Yoni Fuadah 
Published: January 2025

Background: The decision-making process for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (LST) in patients with severe brain injury can potentially become a problem between doctor and family because of different opinions.

Objective: Explore the family consideration in withdrawing LST in patients with severe brain injury.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study with phenomenological approach conducted using semi-structured in-depth interview. Subjects were family members of coma patients due to severe brain injury and were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during January 2019 - December 2020.

Results: The results of the five-participant interview showed that the considerations for withdrawing LST include: (1) the patient's condition, (2) family psychology, (3) resources, and (4) family beliefs.

Conclusion: Doctors need to understand the family's considerations in terminating LST to bridge the inner conflicts that occur in the patient's family.
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES TO QUANTIFY SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE ADULT MANDIBLES IN MODERN MALAYSIAN AND WESTERN AUSTRALIAN POPULATIONS
Authors: Tjiang Sari Lestari , Obertová Zuzana , Flavel Ambika , Franklin Daniel 
Published: January 2025

The adult mandible can be used to estimate sex and ancestry. However, there are limited studies on the degree of sexual dimorphism and population affinity of the mandible, while population-specific anthropological standards are essential for forensic human identification. This study aimed to quantify sexual dimorphism and population affinity in adult mandibles in modern Malaysian and Western Australian populations. A total of 101 CT scans of the mandible were used in this study, consisting of male and female of Malaysian and Western Australian origins. Thirty-two anatomical landmarks were collected, where the centroid size and PCA analysis were used to quantify the size and shape variations between sexes and between populations. Classification accuracy rates were calculated using DFA. There were significant differences between sexes in all groups for centroid size and PCA (p < 0.05), and between populations for PCA (p < 0.001). Classification accuracy rates were higher for sex estimation from centroid size (91-93%) and ancestry estimation from PCA (89-94%). Male mandibles were larger than females, and the mandibular condyles, ramus breadth, and gonial angle were the most sexually dimorphic features. For population affinity, size did not contribute significantly, but Malaysian mandibles tended to display more “feminine” features while Western Australians appeared to be more “masculine”, indicating that different populations have different gradations of sexual dimorphism. Geometric morphometric analyses can be used to estimate sex and ancestry from adult mandibles. The estimations of sex and ancestry are more accurate when performed separately rather than simultaneously, where mandibular size is more accurate for sex estimation, while the shape variations are more accurate for distinguishing between populations.

Keywords: ancestry estimation; geometric morphometric; mandible; population variation; sex estimation; sexual dimorphism.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Pengelolaan Limbah Infeksius Rumah Tangga dari Penanganan Covid-19 di Desa Sokaraja Tengah
Authors: Munfiah Siti , Wibowo Yudhi , Dwi Laksana Agung Saprasetya , Sari Octavia Permata , Ning Widhi Anriani Puspita Karunia 
Published: January 2025

Meningkatnya kasus COVID-19 menyebabkan semakin banyak jumlah pasien COVID-19 yang melakukan isolasi mandiri. Kondisi demikian menyebabkan timbulan limbah infeksius dari rumah tangga semakin meningkat. Limbah infeksius apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik, dapat menjadi media penyebaran virus COVID-19. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola limbah infeksius rumah tangga. Metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan sosialisasi, pelatihan pembuatan disinfektan, pelatihan pengelolaan limbah infeksius rumah tangga dan penerapan teknologi tepat guna berupa sprayer disinfeksi dan alat pelindung diri bagi petugas pengelola sampah. Peserta pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah satgas COVID-19, tokoh masyarakat, perangkat desa, PKK, karang taruna, kader kesehatan dan petugas pengelola limbah infeksius rumah tangga. Pengelolaan limbah infeksius rumah tangga berpedoman pada Surat Edaran Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor SE.2/MENLHK/PSLB3/PLB.3/2020 dan Nomor SE.3/MENLHK/PSLB.3/3/2021. Pengurangan timbulan sampah dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan masker guna ulang dari bahan kain tiga lapis. Apabila menggunakan masker sekali pakai maka sebelum dibuang ke tempat sampah dilakukan disinfeksi dan merusak masker dengan cara dirobek atau digunting. Hasil evaluasi diperoleh peningkatan pengetahuan yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan kegiatan. Peserta pengabdian kepada masyarakat diharapkan untuk menerapkan dan menyebarluaskan informasi kepada keluarga dan masyarakat luas.
PEMANFAATAN DAN INOVASI DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus) SEBAGAI SUPLEMENTASI ASI DI INDONESIA: MINI REVIEW
Authors: Yudhawan Indra , Cahyaningrum Putri Khaerani , Suhartomo Dalri Muhammad , Fadlillah Synta Haqqul , Haresmita Perdana Priya , Hamzah Hasyrul , Sari Mely Anita , Wicaksari Sifa Aulia 
Published: January 2025

Zat gizi paling penting dalam masa emas pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupan adalah Air Susu Ibu (ASI). ASI mengandung zat gizi lengkap dan memiliki komponen imunitas yang penting bagi untuk pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan sistem imun bayi. Akan tetapi, tidak semua ibu dapat menghasilkan ASI secara optimal dikarenakan berbagai faktor. Sehingga, sebagian ibu menyusui membutuhkan tambahan asupan berupa suplemen pelancar ASI. Salah satu tanaman yang banyak digunakan adalah daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus). Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur terkait pemanfaatan daun katuk di Indonesia, sebagian besar pencarian adalah penelitian 5 tahun terakhir untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pengembangan daun katuk di Indonesia. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efektivitas daun katuk dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI. Inovasi daun katuk sebagai suplementasi ASI banyak dilakukan, baik dalam bentuk makanan, cemilan, maupun minuman instan. Edukasi dan sosialisasi terkait pemanfaatan daun katuk juga telah banyak dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Namun, penelitian lebih dalam terkait mekanisme aksi daun katuk, serta pengembangannya dalam bentuk sediaan farmasi masih belum banyak dilakukan. Mengingat potensi yang besar dari daun katuk, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme aksi dan mengembangkan produk daun katuk secara saintifik dalam bentuk nutrasetikal, obat herbal terstandar maupun fitofarmaka.
HUBUNGAN STATUS VAKSINASI DENGAN KEJADIAN REINFEKSI COVID-19 PADA CIVITAS AKADEMIKA UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
Authors: Nara Shaynika Rui , Rahmawati Indah , Fatchurohmah Wiwiek 
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Kejadian reinfeksi Covid-19 merupakan peristiwa saat seseorang yang sudah mengalami Covid-19 dan dinyatakan sembuh namun terinfeksi kembali dengan hasil positif pada test PCR dengan periode antara infeksi pertama dan kedua > 90 hari. Kejadian ini berhubungan dengan respon imun tubuh yang dipengaruhi dengan pemberian vaksin. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan studi lanjut untuk melihat hubungan diantara status vaksinasi dengan kejadian reinfeksi Covid-19.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status vaksinasi dengan kejadian reinfeksi Covid-19 pada civitas akademika Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan penderkatan cross-sectional. Jumlah responden penelitian ini terdapat 154 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner dalam bentuk google form sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Data diolah menggunakan uji korelasi yaitu uji Chi-Square untuk melihat hubungan diantara variabel.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan angka kejadian reinfeksi yang ditemukan sebanyak 14,9%. Status vaksinasi pada responden saat kejadian reinfeksi Covid-19 yang belum vaksin sebanyak 8,6%, vaksin half dose sebanyak 17,4% dan vaksin full dose sebanyak 74%. Hasil uji Chi-square antara status vaksinasi dengan kejadian reinfeksi menunjukan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan (p-value > 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status vaksinasi dengan kejadian reinfeksi Covid-19 pada civitas akademika Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Nitrate, Phosphate, Silica and Phytoplankton Abundance in the Coastal Waters of Maitara Island, North Maluku
Authors: Sabar Mesrawaty , Samman Ardan , Abubakar Salim , Sunarti Sunarti , Rina Rina , Bahtiar Bahtiar 
Published: January 2025

Nitrate, phosphate, and silica are nutrients needed for the growth of phytoplankton populations. The primary objective of the present study was to establish the relationship between the nutrient composition (nitrate, phosphate, and silica) and phytoplankton abundance. Sampling was was conducted at three observation stations located in the tidal zone of Maitara Island coast, North Maluku. Collection of plankton samples in coastal waters using a 25 µm plankton net. Phytoplankton cells were identified and counted in the laboratory using an electric microscope with 100x magnification. Phytoplankton observations were carried out using the field of view method. Testing the concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and silica using spectrophotometer techniques. The research data were analyzed using a correlation test. The research findings indicated that the coastal waters surrounding Maitara Island were classified as oligotrophic waters, based on the nitrate and phosphate, and silica content. Oligotrophic waters have very low nutrient content such as nitrogen and phosphorus, causing low primary productivity. Simultaneously, nitrate, phosphate, and silica concentrations had a very strong correlation (R=0.823) with phytoplankton abundance. Partially, the correlation between nitrate concentration and phytoplankton abundance was classified as very strong (R=0.729). However, the correlation between phosphate concentration and phytoplankton abundance was moderately significant (R=0.577), and the correlation between silica concentration and phytoplankton abundance was weak (R=0.386). High concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in coastal waters lead to increased abundance of phytoplankton. However, high silica concentrations in waters can only increase the abundance of certain phytoplankton groups, for example diatoms and radiolarians. Keywords: Phytoplankton abundance, nitrate, phosphate, silica, Maitara Island
KURIKULUM UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI SMA: TELAAH KONSEPTUAL DAN IMPLEMENTASI
Authors: Farhan Ali , Yayan Nurbayan  , Mad Ali  
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konsep dan implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka, khususnya dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di tingkat SMA. Kurikulum Merdeka, diperkenalkan pada 2019, menekankan pembelajaran humanistik dan inovatif melalui pendekatan terdiferensiasi, berbasis proyek, dan penilaian holistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan analisis 34 sumber referensi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan fleksibilitas kepada guru dalam memilih metode dan materi ajar, sekaligus mendorong siswa untuk belajar aktif dan mandiri. Kurikulum ini mencakup pembelajaran intrakurikuler, kokurikuler, dan ekstrakurikuler yang berorientasi pada pengembangan karakter dan keterampilan abad ke-21, seperti berpikir kritis, kreativitas, dan literasi digital. Namun, implementasinya menghadapi berbagai kendala, termasuk kurangnya pemahaman guru, keterbatasan sumber daya, serta hambatan administratif. Dalam konteks pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, tantangan utama mencakup keterbatasan materi ajar inovatif dan pelatihan guru. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pelatihan intensif bagi guru, peningkatan akses teknologi, dan pengembangan sumber daya pembelajaran sebagai langkah strategis untuk mendukung implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Dengan mengatasi hambatan ini, kurikulum memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi era global.