bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security Robustness Evolution of Split Edge-Cloud Neural Networks
Authors: DOUCH SALMANE , ABID MOHAMED RIDUAN , ZINE-DINE KHALID , BOUZIDI DRISS , BENHADDOU DRISS 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Cloud computing, with its novel presence at the cloud Edge, proves indispensable to the success of the fifth (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) networks. This due to the myriad set of expected applications and required stringent constraints on latency and bandwidth, e.g., eHealth and Automotive vehicles which fall under the 5G URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication) set. In order to reduce bandwidth usage at the Cloud core network and allow for faster latency responses, edge computing proposes a new servicing paradigm consisting of bringing computation and intelligence near where the end users reside, i.e., at the edge of the cloud. This is achieved by the edge infrastructure’s ability to support a variety of intelligent and computational jobs at the radio access network (RAN) level. However, many AI tasks, particularly those involving deep learning, pose a challenge as they require significantly more memory and processing capacity, which cannot be provisioned at the edge. Only cloud data centers can do. To address this issue, different edge intelligence methods, such as quantization, pruning, distributed inference, etc., have been proposed in the literature. This research investigates split neural networks (SNN), a neural network architecture with numerous early exits. SNN greatly decreases memory and computing, making it a promising NN architecture for edge devices and applications. Moreover, as the use of these SNNs grows, it becomes increasingly essential to study and validate their safety properties, notably their tolerance to small perturbations, before deploying them in safety-critical applications. This paper presents, as far as we know, the first exploratory work on the robustness assessment of split Edge Cloud neural networks. We evaluated SNN robustness using auto_LiRPA an advance neural network verification tool that is base on bounds calculation. We also compared the relative robustness of SNN to a normal NN, considering the many parameters that influence SNN’s robustness. Our experiment results show that SNN not only reduces the average inference time by 3/4. But it also proved to be four to ten times more resilient against adversarial attacks than normal NN.
Synthesis of lead-free Cu/CuFeO 2 /CZTS thin film as a novel photocatalytic hydrogen generator from wastewater and solar cell applications
Authors: Ali Amira H. , Ahmed Ashour M. , Abdelhamied M. M. , Abdel-Khaliek Ahmed A. , Khalik S. Abd El , Abass Safaa M. , Shaban Mohamed , Hasan Fuead , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The sewage water is tested as a source of hydrogen production with high efficiency value of 25.44% using Cu/CuFeO2 (delafossite)/CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4, kesterite) as an investigated photocatalyst. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the investigated photocatalyst (Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS) revealed a compact crystalline material as witnessed by the diffraction peaks with high intensities. From the optical characterization, the recorded band gap values of Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS, Cu/CuFeO2, and CZTS are 1.15, 1.97, and 1.43 eV, respectively, inferring an obvious enhancement in the optical properties of the investigated photocatalyst, Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the investigated photocatalyst for hydrogen (H2) generation was examined in wastewater. The current-time characteristic and the PEC behavior of Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS in dark and under light illumination using various power densities or monochromatic wavelengths, and different temperatures were studied. The current densities (JPh) under light illumination and (Jo) in dark were − 8.0 and − 0.7 mA cm− 2, respectively. The H2 generation rate for Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS electrode was 0.049 mA/h. The thermodynamic parameters, respectively, ΔS*, ΔE, and ΔH* were 28.76 kJ mol− 1 K− 1, 21.0, and 18.28 kJ mol− 1 at 390 nm. The findings of the work hold great promise for addressing the energy production and the hindrances of sewage treatment at the same time.
Role of follicular CD8+ T cells labeled with B cell helper immunotypes in multiple sclerosis and a murine model
Authors: Ding Jia-Qi , Zhang Jun-Qi , Zhao Si-Jia , Jiang Dong-Bo , Lu Jia-Rui , Yang Shu-Ya , Wang Jing , Sun Yuan-Jie , Huang Yi-Nan , Hu Chen-Chen , Zhang Xi-Yang , Zhang Jia-Xing , Liu Tian-Yue , Han Chen-Ying , Qiao Xu-Peng , Guo Jun , Zhao Cong , Yang Kun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered to be a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and so does the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Recent studies have revealed a specific subset of CD8 T cells, known as CD8 follicular T cells (CD8+CXCR5+ T), are involved in antiviral, anti-tumor immunity, and systemic autoimmunity. While the role of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells in MS and EAE remains unclear.
Methods
We detected CD8+CXCR5+ T cell frequency in the peripheral blood of relapsing-remitting MS patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry and analyzed its correlation with disease activity. To show the dynamic changes and locations of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and CNS from EAE mice, flow cytometry and multiplexed immunohistochemistry were performed. RNA-seq, co-culture experiments and in vivo adoptive transfer were then conducted to reveal the phenotypes and functions of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells.
Results
Expansion of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells in MS patients and EAE mice was detected during the acute phase. In relapsing MS patients, elevated frequencies of circulating CD8+CXCR5+ T cells were positively correlated with new gadolinium-enhancement lesions of CNS. In EAE mice, CD8+CXCR5+ T cells infiltrated in ectopic lymphoid structures of spinal cords and germinal centers of spleens were positively correlated with clinical score and highly expressed ICOS, CD40L, IL-21 and IL-6. In vitro co-culture experiments and CD8+CXCR5+ T-adoptive mice both confirmed the ability of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells to provide B cell help and contribute to disease progression.
Conclusions
CD8+CXCR5+ T cells which bridged cytotoxic T cells and B cells in MS might be a promising target for developing disease-modifying treatments in the future.
A pair of compound heterozygous IARS2 variants manifesting West syndrome and electrolyte disorders in a Chinese patient
Authors: Zhou Feiyu , Yi Gui , Liu Xiangyu , Sheng Wenchao , Shu Jianbo , Li Dong , Cai Chunquan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Aminoacyl -tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are evolutionarily conserved enzymes that ensure the accuracy of the translation process. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (IARS2) gene is a type of ARS that encodes mitochondrial isoleucine-tRNA synthetase. Pathogenic variants in the IARS2 gene are associated with mitochondrial disease which involves a number of patients presenting broad clinical phenotypes. These clinical phenotypes include West syndrome, Leigh syndrome, and Cataract (CA), growth hormone deficiency(G), sensory neuropathy (S), sensorineural hearing loss(S), and skeletal dysplasia syndrome (CAGSSS). Only 29 cases have been reported worldwide, by this case, we further expand the clinical spectrum of IARS2 pathogenic variants.
Methods: Whole exon sequencing was performed on the child with West syndrome. Three-dimensional structure reconstruction and thermodynamic stability prediction were performed to further analyze the relationship between variation and phenotype.
Conclusions: This study further expands the clinical spectrum of IARS2 pathogenic variants. The case summaries help raise clinical awareness of IARS2-associated disease and reduce misdiagnosis.
Single-cell analysis reveals endothelial cell heterogeneity in colorectal cancer: Tip cells drive enhanced angiogenesis and reduced antigen presentation
Authors: Xie Zhenyu , Niu Liaoran , Du Kunli , Chen Ling , Zheng Gaozan , Dai Songchen , Dan Hanjun , Duan Lili , Dou Xinyu , Feng Fan , Zhang Jian , Zheng Jianyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to uncover the heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their crucial role in angiogenesis, with a special focus on tip cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing to profile ECs, our data suggests that CRC ECs predominantly exhibit enhanced angiogenesis and decreased antigen presentation, a shift in phenotype largely steered by tip cells. We also observed that an increase in the density and proportion of tip cells correlates with CRC occurrence, progression, and poorer patient prognosis. Furthermore, we identified endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1), specifically expressed in tip cells, sustains a VEGFA-KDR-ESM1positive feedback loop, promoting angiogenesis and CRC proliferation and migration. We also spotlight a unique long-tail effect in VEGFA expression: while VEGFAis primarily expressed by epithelial cells, the highest level of VEGFAexpression is found in individual myeloid cells. Moreover, we observed that effective PD-1 blockade immunotherapy significantly reduced tip cells, disrupting the VEGFA-KDR-ESM1positive feedback loop in the process. Our investigation into the heterogeneity of ECs in CRC at a single-cell level offers important insights that may contribute to the development of more effective immunotherapies targeting tip cells in CRC.
The frequency and pathogenicity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in the general Japanese population.
Authors: Idogawa Masashi , Mariya Tasuku , Tanaka Yumi , Saito Tsuyoshi , Nakase Hiroshi , Tokino Takashi , Sakurai Akihiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Hereditarybreast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) resulting from pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2 is the most common and well-documented hereditary tumor. Although founder mutations have been identified in population-based surveys in various countries, the types of variants are not uniform across races and regions. Recently, the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) released whole-genome sequence data including approximately 54,000 individuals from the general population of theTohoku area in Japan. We analyzed these data and comprehensively identified the prevalence of BRCA1/2 pathogenic and truncating variants. Interestingly, our analysis showed that most of the top BRCA1/2pathogenic variants believed to be founder mutations do not match reports from other countries. We believe that an accurate understanding of the unique distribution and characteristics of pathogenic BRCA1/2variants in Japan through this analysis will enable better surveillance and intervention for HBOC patients, not only in Japan but also worldwide.
Li-storage of Li2ZnTi3O8@C-N anodes with high-performance in a wide temperature range
Authors: Li Jiayi , Zhang Xue , Xu Haoran , Ma Wenzhao , Wang Lijuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spinel Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) with a zero volumetric change, exhibits high safety as an anode of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity restricts its wide application. A facile one-step solid-state route has been used to synthesize LZTO@C-N composites with different N content. The existence of N-doped carbon improves the diffusion coefficients of Li+ ions and the electronic conductivity, and reduces the charge-transfer resistance and the side reactions between electrolyte and LZTO. The N content can affect the lattice constants and the appearance the new phases. The LZTO@C-N-2 composite with the proper N content of 2.2 w.% possesses the best electrochemical performance in wide temperature range from 0 to 55°C. Discharging at 2 A g− 1 and charging at 0.5 A g− 1, 219.7 and 214.8 mAh g− 1 are obtained for LZTO@C-N-2 at the 1st and 150th cycles, respectively, with small capacity fade at 25°C. 290.3 and 151 mAh g− 1 are delivered at the 1st and 150th cycles for LZTO@C-N-2 at 55°C, respectively. Even at 0°C, the LZTO@C-N-2 composite still shows good rate capability. The simple synthetic route and good electrochemical performance enable LZTO@C-N-2 to be a potential anode of LIBs.
RepDwNet: Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Spectral blood Raman spectra classification
Authors: He Jiongheng , Zhou Ri-gui , Ren Pengju , Li Yaochong , Xiong Shengjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Raman spectroscopy analysis technique has found extensive applications across various disciplines due to its exceptional convenience and efficiency, facilitating the analysis and identification of diverse substances. In recent years, owing to the escalating demand for high-efficiency analytical methods, deep learning models have progressively been introduced into the realm of Raman spectroscopy. However, the application of these models to portable Raman spectrometers has posed a series of challenges due to the computational intensity inherent to deep learning approaches. This research addresses this challenge by introducing a lightweight Raman spectroscopy classification model named RepDwNet. This model not only maintains high accuracy but also exhibits relatively lower computational overhead. Its design integrates advanced techniques, including multi-scale convolutional kernels, depthwise separable convolutions, and residual connections. These modules effectively capture features across varying scales while maximizing the coherence between them.To validate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed model, a series of experiments were conducted utilizing an augmented Raman spectroscopy dataset from blood samples for species identification tasks. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the model achieved remarkable accuracy rates of 98.24% and 97.37% on the reflectance and transmittance Raman blood data subsets, respectively. Furthermore, structural reparameterization techniques were employed to compress the model, thereby significantly enhancing inference speed and reducing model parameter size while preserving high classification accuracy. This optimization renders the model more suitable for deployment in portable device scenarios.
Improving Cyberbullying Detection Through Adaptive External Dictionary in Machine Learning
Authors: Qudah Hamzeh , Alhija Mwaffaq Abu , Tarawneh Hassan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cyberbullying has escalated due to social media's rapid growth, endangering internet security. Correct these harmful habits. ML is used to research cyberbullying on Twitter. This model is enhanced with adaptive external dictionary (AED). Terms that are negative and positive are produced manually. The dynamic lists of positive and negative words produced by AED sentiment analysis. The dataset has positive and negative tweet columns. Social media's fast expansion has increased cyberbullying, threatening online safety. Recognizing and addressing these risky activities quickly requires a comprehensive system. Uses ML to detect Twitter cyberbullying (ML). This model detects better using Adaptive External Dictionary.47K Kaggle tweets made the AED. Manual refinement only produces negative and positive phrases in the first portion, relevant to our topic. AED sentiment analysis creates dynamic lists of Positive Words (PW) and Negative Words (NW) in this study. Tweets are columns. Combining internet data with positive and negative word counts identifies cyberbullying.
Design of polarization insensitivity wideband metamaterial absorber using the resistor based square-shaped structure
Authors: Binda Pankaj , Mitharwal Rajendra , Singh Ghanshyam , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have explored a compact wideband metamaterial absorber unit-cell structure comprises four square-shaped conducting patches of copper and connected with four lumped resistors supported by FR-4 as a substate material which followed by conducting ground plain in the microwave (4 GHz to 15GHz) regime of the spectrum. The proposed structure has been analysed and simulated using CST Studio Suite a commercial simulated based on finite integration techniques to yield several performance metrics for comprehensive understanding of broad-spectrum absorbers. The proposed wideband metamaterial absorber is polarization insensitive due to its symmetric structure under a normal incident angle and has potential applications for the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, target stealth, and electromagnetic wave protection. Further, the proposed structure has been fabricated and tested experimentally, and the achieved results are comparable with that of the simulation results.
Recruitment-To-Inflation Ratio to Assess the Impact of Peep on Dynamic Lung Strain
Authors: Murgolo Francesco , Grieco Domenico Luca , Spadaro Savino , Bartolomeo Nicola , Mussi Rossella Di , Crovace Antonio , Lacitignola Luca , Staffieri Francesco , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: In ARDS, the beneficial effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) are proportional to the extent of dynamic lung strain reduction. This depends on the variable recruitment produced by PEEP. Current quantification of alveolar recruitment and PEEP-induced changes in dynamic lung strain relies on computed tomography (CT), which lacks bedside accessibility. The recruitment to-inflation ratio (R/I) is a bedside-available tool proposed to assess recruitability. We performed an experimental study on an animal model of ARDS to establish whether R/I accurately reflects the impact of PEEP on dynamic lung strain assessed through CT.
Methods: Fourteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs with ARDS (lipopolysaccharide infusion) underwent CT-scans, respiratory mechanics, gas exchange and ventilatory ratio assessment at PEEPLOW (5 cmH2O) and PEEPHIGH (PEEP adjusted to reach a plateau airway pressure of 28-30 cmH2O). CT-scans were analyzed to quantify recruitability (potential for lung recruitment in terms of tissue recruitment) and PEEP-induced dynamic lung strain reduction. R/I was calculated through a one-breath derecruitment maneuver between the two PEEP experimental conditions.
Results: Median R/I was 1.08 [0.88-1.82]. At PEEPHIGH, dynamic lung strain decreased form 0.59 [0.46 - 0.80] to 0.37 [0.29-0.44]: however, the extent of PEEP-induced dynamic strain reduction due to PEEP was highly inter-individually variable, with a coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) 69%. The entity of PEEP-induced reduction in dynamic lung strain exhibited a strong correlation with R/I (R2=0.87; p< 0.0001), while it was independent from changes in oxygenation (R2<0.01, p=0.97) and ventilatory ratio (R2<0.01, p>0.99). No correlation was found between R/I and potential for lung tissue recruitment assessed by CT-scan (R2=0.08; p=0.34).
Conclusions: PEEP-induced changes in lung dynamic strain are inter-individually variable. R/I, despite not reflecting the extent of potential for lung tissue recruitment, allows to estimate the amount of PEEP-induced reduction in dynamic lung strain at bedside, proving its useful for setting PEEP to minimize the harmful effects of PEEP during mechanical ventilation.
Fabrication of Quartz Microlenses Using Lasers
Authors: Mahmoud Muaath J. , Rasheed Bassam G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Various types of quartz micro lenses were fabricated by two subsequent stages using two lasers. Fiber laser of 1.06µm was employed for the laser ablation while CO2 laser with 10.6µm was used for direct laser writing. The experimental data demonstrate formation of spherical, cylindrical micro lenses and microlens array with optimum numerical aperture of 0.55. Theoretical calculations and simulation were conducted to estimate the temperature at the quartz surface during the ablation stage and simulation the reshaping stage. Temperature of 2500 K is achieved in ablation stage and 2015 K was established during the reshaping process. The ablation depth is 280 µm, diameter is 150 µm and heat affected zone of approximately 1345 µm after 1 second. Due to the controllable laser micromachining process, optoelectronics and biological imaging are viable applications for microlens arrays.
Effects of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings on the critical temperature and paramagnetic limiting field of superconductors with broken inversion symmetry
Authors: Yavari H. , Tayebantayeba M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Transition temperature and paramagnetic limiting of a superconductor without spatial inversion symmetry in the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus antisymmetric spin-orbit couplings is studied. The critical temperature is derived for anisotropy of the superconducting order parameter, ranging from isotropic s-wave to any pairing state with nonzero angular momentum and mixed parity singlet-triplet states emerge due to spin-orbit coupling (SOC).It will be shown that for unprotected odd parity pairing, pure Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs have similar effects on the reduction of transition temperature and for combined effects of the two spin-orbit couplings at fixed SOC, transition temperature reduced by increasing Dresselhaus component and decreased down to its minimum value in the equal-Rashba-Dresselhaus case. The paramagnetic limiting is also analyzed for spin-singlet pairing and it is shown that the low temperature divergence behavior of paramagnetic limiting is less affected by both Rashba and Dresselhaus SOCs but for fixed SOC strength by increasing Dresselhaus component the paramagnetic limiting field is increased.
Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Therapy Uptake and Reasons for Nonadherence among People Living with HIV in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Teklay Gebrehiwot , Mohammedbrhan Meryem 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) is one of the interventions recommended to be implemented as an integral component of a package of HIV-related services. The effectiveness of CPT in reducing mortalities and morbidities associated with opportunistic infections is well demonstrated. Studies to explore the level of uptake and barriers to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis adherence over a course of ART are necessary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and reasons for nonadherence to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy among people living with HIV (PLHIV).
Methods:
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among PLHIV in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from April to May 2020. Data were collected through interviews and reviews of medical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy nonadherence, and the output of the logistic regression was expressed as odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:
One hundred and seventy-seven participants were included in this study. Nearly half (53.1%) of the participants were female, and the majority (72.9%) were aged between 31 and 59. One hundred sixteen (65.5%) participants were nonadherent to CPT. The main reasons for nonadherence were side effects, pill fatigue and forgetfulness. PLHIV with CD4 counts > 350 were 3.48 times more likely to interrupt CPT by themselves than those with CD4 counts ≤ 350 (P value = 0.002; AOR, 3.481; 95% CI, 1.555–7.792). PLHIV who were adherent to ART were 72.1% less likely to be nonadherent to CPT compared with those who were nonadherent to ART (P value = 0.001; AOR, 0.279; 95% CI, 0.128–0.608). PLHIV who experienced side effects were 3.85 times more likely to be nonadherent to CPT than those who did not experience side effects (P value = 0.001; AOR, 3.849; 95% CI, 1.789–8.284).
Conclusions:
Significant numbers of PLHIV were nonadherent to CPT mainly due to side effects, pill fatigue and forgetfulness. Strategies to improve adherence to CPT should focus on the combined patient- and medication-related problems of PLHIV.