bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Association Between Tobacco Use and Tobacco Dependence Among Adults: Latent Class Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1–4
Authors: Li Lihua , Yang Chen , Zhan Serena , Wilson Karen M , Taioli Emanuela , Mazumdar Madhu , Liu Bian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
With increasing tobacco product varieties, understanding tobacco use (TU) profiles and their associations with tobacco dependence (TD) has also become increasingly challenging.

Aims and Methods
We aimed to identify TU profiles and their associations with TD over time, and to identify subgroups with high risk of TD. We included 3463 adult recent tobacco users who had complete TU and TD data across waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. We used a composite index of TD and a summed TD score from an established 16-item TD measure. We applied a latent class analysis to identify TU profiles based on participants’ usage of eight common tobacco product groups at each survey wave and to check the stability of the TU profiles over time. We then used generalized estimating equations regressions to evaluate the longitudinal TU–TD association, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
We identified three distinct TU profiles that remained consistent across four survey waves: Dominant cigarette users (62%–68%), poly users with high propensity of using traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigars (24%–31%), and dominant smokeless product users (7%–9%). Covariate-adjusted models showed that TD was significantly lower among the poly users and the dominant smokeless users, compared to that among the dominant cigarette users.

Conclusions
Both TU profiles and their associations with TD were stable over time at the population level. Poly users and smokeless product users were consistently associated with lower TD than cigarette-dominant users, suggesting the need for tailored tobacco cessation interventions for users with different TU profiles.

Implications
The finding of consistent TU profiles across four survey waves extends the current literature in capturing TU patterns in an evolving tobacco product landscape. The finding of the overall higher level of TD among the cigarette-dominant users compared to the other TU latent profiles (the Cig+eCig+Cigar dominant poly users and the dominant smokeless product users) can help identify high-risk groups for potential interventions. Our application of innovative statistical methods to high-quality longitudinal data from the PATH study helps improve the understanding of the dynamic TU–TD relationship over time.
Opioid Risk Mitigation Practices of Interprofessional Oncology Personnel: Results From a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: McNally Gretchen A , McLaughlin Eric M , Ridgway-Limle Emily , Rosselet Robin , Baiocchi Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
This study explored the risk mitigation practices of multidisciplinary oncology health-care personnel for the nonmedical use of opioids in people with cancer.

Methods
An anonymous, cross-sectional descriptive survey was administered via email to eligible providers over 4 weeks at The Ohio State University’s Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital. The survey asked about experiences and knowledge related to opioid use disorders.

Results
The final sample of 773 participants included 42 physicians, 213 advanced practice providers (APPs consisted of advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, and pharmacists), and 518 registered nurses. Approximately 40% of participants responded feeling “not confident” in addressing medication diversion. The most frequent risk reduction measure was “Checking the prescription drug monitoring program” when prescribing controlled medications, reported by physicians (n = 29, 78.4%) and APPs (n = 164, 88.6%).

Conclusion
People with cancer are not exempt from the opioid epidemic and may be at risk for nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) and substance use disorders. Implementing risk reduction strategies with every patient, with a harm reduction versus abstinence focus, minimizes harmful consequences and improves. This study highlights risk mitigation approaches for NMOU, representing an opportunity to improve awareness among oncology health-care providers. Multidisciplinary oncology teams are ideally positioned to navigate patients through complex oncology and health-care journeys.
Contributions from ClpS surface residues in modulating N-terminal peptide binding and their implications for NAAB development
Authors: Callahan Nicholas , Siegall William B , Bergonzo Christina , Marino John P , Kelman Zvi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Numerous technologies are currently in development for use in next-generation protein sequencing platforms. A notable published approach employs fluorescently-tagged binding proteins to identity the N-terminus of immobilized peptides, in-between rounds of digestion. This approach makes use of N-terminal amino acid binder (NAAB) proteins, which would identify amino acids by chemical and shape complementarity. One source of NAABs is the ClpS protein family, which serve to recruit proteins to bacterial proteosomes based on the identity of the N-terminal amino acid. In this study, a Thermosynechococcus vestitus (also known as Thermosynechococcus elongatus) ClpS2 protein was used as the starting point for direct evolution of an NAAB with affinity and specificity for N-terminal leucine. Enriched variants were analyzed and shown to improve the interaction between the ClpS surface and the peptide chain, without increasing promiscuity. Interestingly, interactions were found that were unanticipated which favor different charged residues located at position 5 from the N-terminus of a target peptide.
Development and testing of a bespoke cultural intervention to support healthcare professionals with patients from a diverse background
Authors: Deshmukh Ashwini , Roberts Lisa , Adebajo Adewale , Kamal Atiya , Armitage Christopher J , Evison Felicity , Bunting Helen , Dubey Shirish , Moorthy Arumugam , Reehal Joti , Dogra Nisha , Kumar Kanta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Development and test of a culturally sensitive intervention for rheumatology healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods
Using a before and after study design, 15 HCPs were recruited to undertake the bespoke intervention from four National Health Service sites across England, in areas serving a diverse population. The intervention was evaluated using two validated outcomes: (i) Patient Reported Physician Cultural Competency (PRPCC); and (ii) Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), measuring patients’ perceptions of their overall healthcare delivery. Additionally, HCPs completed the COM-B questionnaire for capability (C), opportunity (O) and motivation (M) to perform behaviour (B), measuring behaviour change.

Results
Two hundred patients were recruited before HCPs undertook the intervention (cohort 1), and 200 were recruited after (cohort 2) from 15 HCPs; after exclusions 178 patients remained in cohort 1 and 186 in cohort 2. Sixty percent of patients identified as white in both recruited cohorts, compared with 29% and 33% of patients (cohorts 1 and 2, respectively) who identified as being of South Asian origin. After the intervention, the COM-B scores indicated that HCPs felt more skilled and equipped for consultations. No significant differences were noted in the average overall cultural competency score between the two cohorts in white patients (57.3 vs 56.8, P = 0.8), however in the South Asian cohort there was a statistically significant improvement in mean scores (64.1 vs 56.7, P = 0.014). Overall, the enablement score also showed a statistically significant improvement following intervention (7.3 vs 4.3, P &lt; 0.001) in the white patients and in the South Asian patients (8.0 vs 2.2, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
This novel study provides evidence for improving cultural competency and patient enablement in rheumatology settings.
Authoritarian Populism and Social Discomfort in Everyday Life
Authors: Gemici Basak 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSociology brings cultural and performative explanations to studies of populism and democracy. My research contributes to this trend by introducing feminist ethnomethodology into studying authoritarian populism and explaining its interactional mechanisms. I find that authoritarian populism unfolds as intensified boundary work in everyday life. Based on 96 in-depth interviews and ten months of urban bus ethnography in Istanbul, Turkey, I explain how this intense boundary work produces social discomfort in daily life through orienting toward, assessing in terms of, and enforcing conformity against a normative and binary populist mentality. Revealing this process explicates why civilian disciplinary actions intensify along with formal state repression. Regime loyalists and ethnic majorities experience and manage social discomfort more leniently than regime opponents and marginalized communities who are also dealing with the fear of state and civilian threats. There are three ways of negotiating social discomfort. Distancing from previously taken-for-granted interactions is widespread; marginalized communities censor the presentation of self, and regime loyalists display symbols of power reflecting the “native and national” mentality. The findings of this article suggest that social discomfort is a common denominator for prolonged authoritarian populism(s).
Intestinal parasitic infections and risk analysis among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Hanapi Izzah Ruzana , Behnke Jerzy M , Sahimin Norhidayu , Saifulazmi Nur Fadlin , Golam Mohammad Khan Ashah Sara Jehan , Abdul Mutalib Raisya Nur Syazmeen , Lau Yee Ling , Mohd Zain Siti Nursheena 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Global studies show intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been introduced and spread with refugee inflows from low to high socio-economic countries. However, there is relatively limited information on the prevalence of infections among the community.

Methods
A 2-year cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for infections among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 418 faecal samples were collected and examined by microscopy.

Results
Faecal screening revealed moderate levels (32.3%) of infections in the community. Three nematode (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm) and three protozoan species (Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) were recorded, with the highest prevalence being A. lumbricoides (20.6%) followed by T. trichiura (10.3%), while other infections were &lt;5%. Statistical analysis found that young males with less education were more likely to be infected with helminths. Additionally, living near waste disposal sites, the presence of stray animals, eating with bare hands, bare footedness, poor handwashing practices and no anthelmintic treatment constituted significant risk factors for helminth infections. Protozoan infections were linked to drinking tap water or from water dispensers and poor handwashing practices.

Conclusions
These findings emphasize the importance of health education in addition to introduction of biannual anthelmintic treatment to promote community health and well-being.
Employment Mismatches Drive Expectational Earnings Errors among Mozambican Graduates
Authors: Jones Sam , Santos Ricardo , Xirinda Gimelgo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biased beliefs about future labor-market earnings are commonplace. Based on a longitudinal survey of graduate work transitions in Mozambique, this study assesses the contribution of employment mismatches to a large positive gap between expected (ex ante) and realized (ex post) earnings. Accounting for the simultaneous determination of pecuniary and non-pecuniary work characteristics, employment mismatches are found to be material and associated with large earnings penalties. A decomposition of these expectational errors shows that around two-thirds are attributable to employment mismatches, suggesting job seekers systematically overestimate the ease of securing “good jobs.”
Female Education and Brideprice: Evidence from Primary Education Reform in Uganda
Authors: Nagashima Masaru , Yamauchi Chikako 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUniversal primary education (UPE) policies have been shown to improve educational attainment and delay marriage and childbearing, particularly among rural girls. This disproportionate improvement in female relative to male education can change the bargaining structure between the wife and the husband. Furthermore, with the expectation of this change, decisions about marriage-market entry, matching, and marital arrangements, such as brideprice, can change. In particular, greater female bargaining power can increase the share of marriages without a brideprice in settings where husbands may demand a refund upon divorce. Using first-hand data on marital transfers and exploiting Uganda’s UPE, which abolished primary school fees in 1997, this study shows that longer UPE exposure is associated positively with female education and negatively with brideprice practice. The results imply that UPE policies can affect women’s marital lives by empowering them in household decisions. The study also discusses the consistency of the results with other potential mechanisms, such as selective marriage-market entry, marital squeeze, and assortative matching.
Acute Pain Management for Patients Maintained on Sublingual Buprenorphine as Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Haines Alexander J. , Wood Katlyn C. , Costello Jennifer L. , Tawil Tara 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare morphine milligram equivalent (MME) requirements for acute pain management between patients admitted for medical or surgical diagnoses with opioid use disorder (OUD) who receive >12 mg of sublingual buprenorphine daily compared with those who receive ≤12 mg/d.

Design
This study was performed via retrospective chart review.

Setting
This study evaluated patient encounters between January 2017 and November 2021 from a single-center community teaching hospital in Lancaster, PA.

Methods
Patients were assessed according to daily dose of buprenorphine received while admitted (>12 mg/d vs ≤12 mg/d); patients who had buprenorphine held were included within the ≤12 mg/d study group. The primary outcome evaluated daily average MME requirements over the entirety of hospital length of stay. Key secondary outcomes were total MME requirements and daily average pain scores.

Subjects
Key inclusion criteria were sublingual buprenorphine therapy for at least 1 month prior to admission, presence of an acute pain diagnosis during hospital stay, and history of OUD.

Results
Seventy-eight (78) patients were included for analysis. Daily average MME requirements were similar between patients who received buprenorphine >12 mg/d and ≤12 mg/d (median, 7.5 vs 10.6; P = 0.350). Total MME and daily average pain scores were similar between study groups.

Conclusions
For OUD patients in need of acute pain management, the continuation of sublingual buprenorphine throughout hospitalization at a daily dose of >12 mg/d compared with ≤12 mg/d did not confer a significant difference in daily average MME requirements.
Father Groups in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lægteskov Tascha Ravn , Holm Kristina Garne , Petersen Mette , Lysdal Rasmus Klitbøl , Hjelvang Brian Rafn , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Parents' participation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) reduces length of stay and positively affects infants' psychological, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes. Healthcare professionals in the NICU focus on both parents, but tend to have the main focus on the mother and the infant. Therefore, fathers may experience a lack of support and feel that they are being disregarded in the NICU.

Purpose:
To study fathers' experiences with father groups during NICU admission with their preterm infant. The father group is a 90-minute intervention based on dialogue between fathers and a male healthcare professional.

Methods:
A qualitative content analysis was conducted using 10 online semistructured interviews with fathers participating in a father group. The study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results:
The overall theme emerging from our analysis was “Emotional support, encouragement, and an enhanced capacity to deal with the situation and with life in the NICU.” This theme emerged from the categories “Meeting with peers and sharing reflections” and “Fathers' territory” based on 5 subcategories.

Implications for Practice:
Participation in father groups gives fathers recognition for being important as parents in the NICU, improves fathers' mental well-being, and enhances their coping capacity. Father groups support fathers in the NICU and can be integrated into NICU practices and policies to enhance a family-centered approach.

Implications for Research:
This study revealed a need for further research to determine whether participation in a father group has a measurable effect on clinical outcomes.
A Qualitative Study of Nurses' Perspectives on Neonatologist Continuity of Care
Authors: Machut Kerri Z. , Gilbart Christie , Murthy Karna , Michelson Kelly N. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Families and staff in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) value continuity of care (COC), though definitions, delivery, and impacts of COC are incompletely described. Previously, we used parental perspectives to define and build a conceptual model of COC provided by neonatologists. Nursing perspectives about COC remain unclear.

Purpose:
To describe nursing perspectives on neonatologist COC and revise our conceptual model with neonatal nurse input.

Methods:
This was a qualitative study interviewing NICU nurses. The investigators analyzed transcripts with directed content analysis guided by an existing framework of neonatologist COC. Codes were categorized according to previously described COC components, impact on infants and families, and improvements for neonatologist COC. New codes were identified, including impact on nurses, and codes were classified into themes.

Results:
From 15 nurses, 5 themes emerged: (1) nurses validated parental definitions and benefits of COC; (2) communication is nurses' most valued component of COC; (3) neonatologist COC impact on nurses; (4) factors that modulate the delivery of and need for COC; (5) conflict between the need for COC and the need for change. Suggested improvement strategies included optimizing staffing and transition processes, utilizing clinical guidelines, and enhancing communication at all levels. Our adapted conceptual model describes variables associated with COC.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Interdisciplinary NICU teams need to develop systematic strategies tailored to their unit's and patients' needs that promote COC, focused to improve parent–clinician communication and among clinicians. Our conceptual model can help future investigators develop targeted interventions to improve COC.
A Geospatial Analysis of Abortion Access in the United States after the Reversal of Roe v Wade
Authors: Alterio Maeve , Von Davies Robin , Tobias Michele , Koehl Arthur , Tang Jennifer H. , Kopp Dawn 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
To investigate current abortion access in the United States based on geographic location and to forecast access according to the landscape of abortion care in the year after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision.

METHODS:
Addresses of abortion-providing clinics were identified using web-based directories from Planned Parenthood, the National Abortion Foundation, Abortion Finder, and Power to Decide. Using geographic coordinates and the OpenStreetMap road network, Valhalla's Isochrone application programming interface was used to calculate the areas within a 30-, 60-, and 90-minute driving distance from these clinics. The population of reproductive-aged women (15–49 years) in the tracts inside or outside the accessible areas was determined using the U.S. Census American Community Survey for 2020. Review of legislative and judicial actions for 2023 determined at-risk states. Clinic locations and laws are accurate as of June 2, 2023.

RESULTS:
The addresses of 750 abortion facilities were geocoded. Currently, 41.4% (30.8 million) of women do not have access to an abortion clinic within a 30-minute drive, and 29.3% and 23.6% do not have access within a 60-minute and 90-minute drive, respectively. When accounting for the combined population with no access, severely limited access, and at-risk of losing access, 53.5% of women do not have access within a 30-minute drive, and 45.6% and 43.0% do not have access within a 60-minute and 90-minute drive, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Two of every five American women do not have access to an abortion facility within a 30-minute drive, and one in four lack access within a 90-minute drive. These proportions could significantly increase if access is restricted further with state bans proposed in 2023.
Ovarian stimulation and oocyte cryopreservation in females with cancer
Authors: Oktay Kutluk H. , Turan Volkan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
We reviewed the most recent developments including the safety and effectiveness data and success rates in individualized ovarian stimulation protocols for adult and postpubertal females with cancer.

Recent findings
In women with breast cancer, aromatase inhibitor- and tamoxifen-supplemented stimulation protocols increase the margin of safety by limiting estrogen exposure. The outcomes of ovarian stimulation appear similar between cancer and noncancer populations, even with the recently developed random-start protocols, which allow initiation of ovarian stimulation anytime during the menstrual cycle. Based on lower anti-Mullerian hormone levels and primordial follicle density, carriers of BRCA pathogenic variants (BRCApv) have decreased ovarian reserve in comparison to women without those variants and may lose larger portion of their ovarian reserve post chemotherapy. Oocyte cryopreservation is also emerging as a suitable fertility preservation approach for selected postpubertal girls as young as 12 years of age.

Summary
Individualized ovarian stimulation approaches combined with improvements in cryopreservation techniques increased the success and safety margin to preserve fertility with oocyte freezing. Women with BRCApv, on the other hand, may be at disadvantage as they have lower ovarian reserve and may lose larger portion of their ovarian reserve post chemotherapy compared to women who do not carry these variants.
Rosacea Aggravated after Intracutaneous Injection of Poly-L-lactic Acid through a Stamp-type Microneedle
Authors: Yu Sa , Gong Ruicheng , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been widely used for skin texture improvement, volume augmentations of the face or body, and other cosmetic or reconstructive treatment. Despite its significant efficacy, many side effects have also been reported. Here, we describe a case of rosacea aggravated by intracutaneous injection of PLLA using a mesogun injector with stamp-type microneedle. After the treatment, the patient exhibited aggravated rosacea symptoms, such as flushing and erythema. A possible mechanism for the exacerbations might be that PLLA stimulated subclinical inflammatory reaction in the skin. We suggest that PLLA injection should be administered more cautiously in patients with rosacea or other inflammatory skin lesions.