bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl
Authors: Dillon Megan N. , Thomas Rachael , Mousseau Timothy A. , Betz Jennifer A. , Kleiman Norman J. , Reiskind Martha O. Burford , Breen Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Natural and anthropogenic disasters can have long-lasting impacts on the genetics and structure of impacted populations. The 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster led to extensive contamination of the local environment and the wildlife therein. Several ecological, environmental, and genetic studies reported various effects of this disaster on animal, insect, and plant species; however, little work has been done to investigate the genetics of the free-breeding dogs that occupy the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ).

Results
We define the population genetic structure of two groups of dogs that reside within the CEZ, one around the reactor site itself and another living within Chernobyl City. We found little evidence of gene flow and a significant degree of genetic differentiation between the two populations dogs, suggesting that these are two distinct populations despite occupying areas located just 16 km apart. With an FST-based outlier analysis, we then performed a genome-wide scan for evidence of directional selection within the dog populations. We found 391 outlier loci associated with genomic regions influenced by directional selection, from which we identified 52 candidate genes.

Conclusions
Our genome scan highlighted outlier loci within or near genomic regions under directional selection, possibly in response to the multi-generational exposure faced. In defining the population structure and identifying candidate genes for these dog populations, we take steps towards understanding how these types of prolonged exposures have impacted these populations.
Hyperproduction of extracellular polymeric substance in Pseudomonas fluorescens for efficient chromium (VI) absorption
Authors: Yang Lijie , Chen Zhen , Zhang Ying , Lu Fuping , Liu Yihan , Cao Mingfeng , He Ning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) with flocculating activity produced by Pseudomonas fluorescein isolated from soil was studied in this paper. Firstly, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was applied to get a mutant of P. fluorescein with higher EPS production. A mutant T4-2 exhibited a 106.48% increase in flocculating activity compared to the original strain. The maximum EPS yield from T4-2 was enhanced up to 6.42 g/L, nearly 10 times higher than the original strain on a 3.6-L bioreactor with optimized fermentation conditions. Moreover, the flocculating activity of the mutant reached 3023.4 U/mL, 10.96-fold higher than that of T4. Further identification showed that EPS from mutant T4-2 was mainly composed of polysaccharide (76.67%) and protein (15.8%) with a molecular weight of 1.17 × 105 Da. The EPS showed excellent adsorption capacities of 80.13 mg/g for chromium (VI), which was much higher than many reported adsorbents such as chitosan and cellulose. The adsorption results were described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0) revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Adsorption mechanisms were speculated to be electrostatic interaction, reduction, and chelation.
Graphical Abstract
Trends in and predictors of animal source food consumption among 6–23 months age children in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia: evidence from three consecutive ethiopian demographic and health surveys, EDHS 2005–2016
Authors: Gebretsadik Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin , Tadesse Zuriyash , Ambese Tesfay Yohannes , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite numerous interventions, child undernutrition continues as a problem of global concern. Although consumption of animal source foods has shown positive associations with child undernutrition, no much evidence exists on its trends and predictors among children in Tigrai.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the trends in and predictors of consumption of animal source foods among children 6–23 months of age in Tigrai.

Methodology
This study used complex data of 756 children extracted from three consecutive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. Data were analyzed using STATA 14.0 by accounting for sampling weight and cluster and strata variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of animal source foods consumption. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to measure strength of association at a statistical significance of p < 0.05.

Results
Although statistically not significant (p-trend = 0.28), animal source foods consumption increased from 31.3% to 2005 through 35.9% in 2011 to 41.5% in 2016. For every month increase in the age of a child, a 9% increment in the odds of animal source food consumption was observed. Muslim children showed 3.1 times higher odds of animal source food consumption than Orthodox Christians. The likelihood of animal source foods consumption were 33% lower among children born to mothers who didn’t attend formal education as compared to their counterparts. A unit increase in the number of household assets and number of livestock led to a 20% and 2% increase in the odds of animal source foods consumption, respectively.

Conclusion
Animal source foods consumption showed a statistically non-significant increase over the three consecutive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. This study found out that consumption of animal source foods might be increased through pro-maternal education policies, programs with household asset increasing schemes, and pro-livestock projects. Our study also highlighted the need for considering religion as one important player when planning or undertaking ASF programs.
Errors in IVF laboratories: risks assessments and mitigations
Authors: Ifenatuoha Chibuzor Williams , Mohammed Chand , Malhotra Keshav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has positively impacted the field of human reproduction. Over the years, ART procedures have evolved to include several complex techniques, associated with various risks of errors and failure opportunities, especially in laboratories. IVF-associated errors, although rare, have significant implications. Patients may be psychologically affected, given the emotional attachment associated with IVF treatments. Most of these errors are associated with humans and/or systemic failure.

Methods
In this article, we used the Google Scholar database to search for related peer-reviewed original and review articles. Search keywords were “IVF laboratory”, “the embryologist”, “laboratory error”, “IVF laboratory errors”, “IVF error prevalence”, “risks of IVF error”, “consequences/ repercussion, IVF errors”, “risk assessment”, and “risk mitigation”. All studies were extensively evaluated.

Findings
There is a need for an effective approach toward improving existing risk management systems and, possibly, developing better risk management models that can eliminate these errors. Because laboratory resources (equipment and human expertise) are finite and are dependent on systemic policies, error mitigation must involve a multidimensional approach. This review includes several of these error-mitigating strategies as well as innovative technologies that may provide practical approaches to improve error surveillance, reporting, management, and potentially, eradication. Furthermore, errors in IVF laboratories threaten the integrity of the IVF processes and pose significant implications, which are often negative.

Conclusion
This review highlights those errors and the stages they occur during the IVF process.

Recommendations
Understanding the risks of errors in IVF laboratories can help embryologists develop better approaches to identify, evaluate the causes, and prevent errors in the laboratory. Essentially, the practice of effective risks assessment and management can help reinforce patients’ trust in the clinics and prevent repercussions such as litigations and many more. More laboratories can also begin reporting even minor errors to curb the scarce data in this subject.
Inferring Negative Molecular Biomarker Data at Scale
Authors: McBratney Ashleigh E. , Holmes Benjamin A. , Brown Giles S. , Warrier Raghu , Berry Anna B. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Patients who represent the negative biomarker population, those tested for a biomarker but found to be negative, are a critical component of the growing molecular data repository. Many next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based tumor sequencing panels test hundreds of genes, but most laboratories do not provide explicit negative results on test reports nor in their structured data. However, the need for a complete picture of the testing landscape is significant. Syapse has created an internal ingestion and data transformation pipeline that uses the power of natural language processing (NLP), terminology management, and internal rulesets to semantically align data and infer negative results not explicitly stated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients within the learning health network with a cancer diagnosis and at least one NGS-based molecular report were included. To obtain this critical negative result data, laboratory gene panel information was extracted and transformed using NLP techniques into a semistructured format for analysis. A normalization ontology was created in tandem. With this approach, we were able to successfully leverage positive biomarker data to derive negative data and create a comprehensive data set for molecular testing paradigms. RESULTS The application of this process resulted in a drastic improvement in data completeness and clarity, especially when compared with other similar data sets. CONCLUSION The ability to accurately determine positivity and testing rates among patient populations is imperative. With only positive results, it is impossible to draw conclusions about the entire tested population or the characteristics of the subgroup who are negative for the biomarker in question. We leverage these values to perform quality checks on ingested data, and end users can easily monitor their adherence to testing recommendations.
Optimal active particle navigation meets machine learning
(a)
Authors: Nasiri Mahdi , Löwen Hartmut , Liebchen Benno 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The question of how “smart” active agents, like insects, microorganisms, or future colloidal robots need to steer to optimally reach or discover a target, such as an odor source, food, or a cancer cell in a complex environment has recently attracted great interest. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments, regarding such optimal navigation problems, from the micro- to the macroscale, and give a perspective by discussing some of the challenges which are ahead of us. Besides exemplifying an elementary approach to optimal navigation problems, the article focuses on works utilizing machine learning-based methods. Such learning-based approaches can uncover highly efficient navigation strategies even for problems that involve, e.g., chaotic, high-dimensional, or unknown environments and are hardly solvable based on conventional analytical or simulation methods.
How to Talk about Religion and Literature: A Modest Proposal
Authors: Branch Lori Peterson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explains the puzzling but persistent marginalization of religion and secularism studies—despite long-standing critiques of secularism and the secularization thesis—by examining a vignette from a doctoral exam in English. The article argues that in professional and pedagogical settings, secularism is ritualistically reinstantiated in informal exchanges such that scholarly disregard for religion becomes, in Peter Coviello’s words, “a part of our untheorized and offhand real.” Such informally but intensely pedagogical moments bear inextricably scholarly implications and suggest that, if we wish to speak differently about religion, we should replace this implicit pedagogy of dismissing religion and reinstantiating secularism with an explicit pedagogy engaging the secular/religious binary. As a discipline, we need to take up religion in our literature classrooms in ways that dovetail with our operative methodologies, even as they catalyze and alter them, and that neither reboot the secularization thesis nor reify the secular/religious binary and, more important, that are helpful to our students, our society, and ourselves. The article then addresses a concrete example of how scholars from a range of methodologies can develop and implement such postsecular pedagogies.
Phantom Belief and Belief in Phantoms: The Strange Objects of Literary Study
Authors: Jager Colin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis essay summarizes some of the arguments about secularism and secularization that have productively unsettled the study of religion in the past two decades. It then turns to the question of what literary studies can offer to the study of religion. Literary scholarship takes an interest in persons, situations, and worlds imagined at a level of detail and complexity well beyond the fictional placeholders other disciplines employ in their thought experiments. This raises ethical and ontological questions about the “reality” of our objects of study. Dominant Western epistemological traditions, which get their leverage from a distinction between illusion and reality, struggle with such in-between spaces. However, this is the space in which literary studies lives, and acknowledging that may help us decide why literature is a compelling and disturbing maker of religious sense.
How to See Global Religion: Comparativism, Connectivity, and the Undisciplining of Victorian Literary Studies
Authors: Werner Winter Jade , Winick Mimi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent developments in the field of Victorian studies include its increasingly “global” or “transnational” scope as well as its “religious turn,” with a proliferation of scholarship on religion from Christian sects to new religious movements such as Theosophy. However, the highly relevant concept of global or globalized religion is not yet a part of Victorian literary scholarship. This speculative essay explores why this topic has been relatively invisible in Victorian literary studies and how the field might better encounter globalized religion and literature. The essay suggests that global religion remains absent from the field in consequence of how certain nineteenth-century ideas structure Victorian studies: for example, the treatment of religion as a fairly stable category that indexes an author’s or a text’s nationality and even aesthetic value. To move these ideas farther from structure to subject of studies in the field, this essay turns to religious studies and recent projects informed by work in Black studies that engages in “undisciplining” scholarly fields. Such work suggests how Victorian literary studies functions within a comparativist logic that treats religion as a universal cultural phenomenon that corresponds to national and aesthetic characteristics. A promising alternative is a “connective” rather than a comparativist approach, which entails emphasizing the historical formation of religious practices in cultural exchange. This more connective approach seeks to attune Victorian studies to aesthetic projects it has previously overlooked as outside its disciplinary borders. To illustrate this claim, this essay discusses the literary-spiritual project of Paramahansa Yogananda’s Self-Realization Fellowship, which flourished in twentieth-century America in literary and spiritual commentary on texts, including texts themselves more and less usually understood as Victorian, such as Edward FitzGerald’s 1859 translation of the Rubaiyat.
Understanding depression treatment and perinatal service preferences of Kenyan pregnant adolescents: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kumar Manasi , Tele Albert , Kathono Joseph , Nyongesa Vincent , Yator Obadia , Mwaniga Shillah , Huang Keng Yen , McKay Mary , Lai Joanna , Levy Marcy , Cuijpers Pim , Quaife Matthew , Unutzer Jurgen 
Published: March 2023

Background
Understanding mental health treatment preferences of adolescents and youth is particularly important for interventions to be acceptable and successful. Person-centered care mandates empowering individuals to take charge of their own health rather than being passive recipients of services.

Methods
We conducted a discrete choice experiment to quantitatively measure adolescent treatment preferences for different care characteristics and explore tradeoffs between these. A total of 153 pregnant adolescents were recruited from two primary healthcare facilities in the informal urban settlement of Nairobi. We selected eight attributes of depression treatment option models drawn from literature review and previous qualitative work. Bayesian d-efficient design was used to identify main effects. A total of ten choice tasks were solicited per respondent. We evaluated mean preferences using mixed logit models to adjust for within subject correlation and account for unobserved heterogeneity.

Results
Respondents showed a positive preference that caregivers be provided with information sheets, as opposed to co-participation with caregivers. With regards to treatment options, the respondents showed a positive preference for 8 sessions as compared to 4 sessions. With regards to intervention delivery agents, the respondents had a positive preference for facility nurses as compared to community health volunteers. In terms of support, the respondents showed positive preference for parenting skills as compared to peer support. Our respondents expressed negative preferences of ANC service combined with older mothers as compared to adolescent friendly services and of being offered refreshments alone. A positive preference was revealed for combined refreshments and travel allowance over travel allowance or refreshments alone. A number of these suggestions were about enhancing their experience of maternity clinical care experience.

Conclusion
This study highlights unique needs of this population. Pregnant adolescents’ value responsive maternity and depression care services offered by nurses. Participants shared preference for longer psychotherapy sessions and their preference was to have adolescent centered maternal mental health and child health services within primary care.
Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 COVID-19 vaccine in adults: Data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, phase 3 trial in Russia
Authors: Lioznov Dmitry , Amosova Irina , Sheetikov Savely A. , Zornikova Ksenia V. , Serdyuk Yana , Efimov Grigory A. , Tsyferov Mikhail , Khmelevskii Mikhail , Afanasiev Andrei , Khomyakova Nadezhda , Zubkov Dmitry , Tikhonov Anton , Zhu Tao , Barreto Luis , Dzutseva Vitalina 
Published: March 2023

Background
To determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, reactogenicity, and safety of a single dose of recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV, 5 × 1010 viral particles per 0.5 mL dose), we conducted a single-dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group (3:1 Ad5-nCoV:placebo), phase 3 trial (Prometheus).

Methods
From 11-September-2020 to 05-May-2021, across six sites in the Russian Federation, 496 participants were injected with either placebo or Ad5-nCoV expressing the full-length spike (S) protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Results
Seroconversion (the primary endpoint) rates of 78.5% (95% CI: 73.9; 82.6) against receptor binding domain (RBD), 90.6% (95% CI: 87.2; 93.4) against S protein and 59.0% (95% CI: 53.3; 64.6) seroconversion of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at 28 days post-vaccination were observed. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) were also elevated for antibodies against the RBD (405 [95% CI: 366; 449]) and S protein (677 [95% CI: 608; 753]) compared to the GMT of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (16.7 [95% CI: 15.3; 18.3]). Using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay after stimulating the cells with recombinant S protein ectodomain we showed that the Ad5-nCoV vaccine induced the most robust cellular immune response on Days 14 and 28. Up to Day 28, the primary and all secondary endpoints of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine were statistically significant compared with the placebo (р<0.001). Systemic reactions were reported in 113 of 496 (22.8%) participants (Ad5-nCoV, 26.9%; Placebo, 10.5%), and local reactions were reported in 108 (21.8%) participants (Ad5-nCoV, 28.5%; Placebo, 1.6%). These were generally mild and resolved within 7 days after vaccination. Of the six serious adverse events reported, none of the events were vaccine related. There were no deaths or premature withdrawals.

Conclusion
A single-dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine induced a marked specific humoral and cellular immune response with a favourable safety profile.

Trial registration
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04540419.
Retrospective study of more than 5 million emergency admissions to hospitals in England: Epidemiology and outcomes for people with dementia
Authors: Reeves David , Holland Fiona , Morbey Hazel , Hann Mark , Ahmed Faraz , Davies Linda , Keady John , Leroi Iracema , Reilly Siobhan 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPeople living with dementia (PwD) admitted in emergency to an acute hospital may be at higher risk of inappropriate care and poorer outcomes including longer hospitalisations and higher risk of emergency re-admission or death. Since 2009 numerous national and local initiatives in England have sought to improve hospital care for PwD. We compared outcomes of emergency admissions for cohorts of patients aged 65+ with and without dementia at three points in time.MethodsWe analysed emergency admissions (EAs) from the Hospital Episodes Statistics datasets for England 2010/11, 2012/13 and 2016/17. Dementia upon admission was based on a diagnosis in the patient’s hospital records within the last five years. Outcomes were length of hospital stays (LoS), long stays (> = 15 days), emergency re-admissions (ERAs) and death in hospital or within 30 days post-discharge. A wide range of covariates were taken into account, including patient demographics, pre-existing health and reasons for admission. Hierarchical multivariable regression analysis, applied separately for males and females, estimated group differences adjusted for covariates.ResultsWe included 178 acute hospitals and 5,580,106 EAs, of which 356,992 (13.9%) were male PwD and 561,349 (18.6%) female PwD. Uncontrolled differences in outcomes between the patient groups were substantial but were considerably reduced after control for covariates. Covariate-adjusted differences in LoS were similar at all time-points and in 2016/17 were 17% (95%CI 15%-18%) and 12% (10%-14%) longer for male and female PwD respectively compared to patients without dementia. Adjusted excess risk of an ERA for PwD reduced over time to 17% (15%-18%) for males and 17% (16%-19%) for females, but principally due to increased ERA rates amongst patients without dementia. Adjusted overall mortality was 30% to 40% higher for PwD of both sexes throughout the time-period; however, adjusted in-hospital rates of mortality differed only slightly between the patient groups, whereas PwD had around double the risk of dying within 30 days of being discharged.ConclusionOver the six-year period, covariate-adjusted hospital LoS, ERA rates and in-hospital mortality rates for PwD were only slightly elevated compared to similar patients without dementia and remaining differences potentially reflect uncontrolled confounding. PwD however, were around twice as likely to die shortly after discharge, the reasons for which require further investigation. Despite being widely used for service evaluation, LoS, ERA and mortality may lack sensitivity to changes in hospital care and support to PwD.