bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core warming of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation - a pilot study
Authors: Bonfanti Nathaniel P , Mohr Nicholas M , Willms David C , Bedimo Roger J , Gundert Emily , Goff Kristina L , Kulstad Erik B , Drewry Anne M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFever is a recognized protective factor in patients with sepsis, and growing data suggest beneficial effects on outcomes in sepsis with elevated temperature, with a recent pilot randomized controlled trial showing lower mortality by warming afebrile sepsis patients in the intensive care unit. The objective of this prospective single-site randomized controlled trial was to determine if core warming improves respiratory physiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, allowing earlier weaning from ventilation, and greater overall survival. A total of 19 patients with mean age of 60.5 (±12.5) years, 37% female, mean weight 95.1 (±18.6) kg, and mean BMI 34.5 (±5.9) kg/m2 with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation were enrolled from September 2020 through February 2022. Patients were randomized 1:1 to standard-of-care or to receive core warming for 72 hours via an esophageal heat exchanger commonly utilized in critical care and surgical patients. The maximum target temperature was 39.8 °C. A total of 10 patients received usual care and 9 patients received esophageal core warming. After 72 hours of warming, PaO2/FiO2 ratios were 197 (±32) and 134 (±13.4), Cycle Thresholds were 30.8 (±6.4) and 31.4 (±3.2), ICU mortality was 40% and 44%, 30-day mortality was 30% and 22%, and mean 30-day ventilator-free days were 11.9 (±12.6) and 6.8 (±10.2) for standard-of-care and warmed patients, respectively (p=NS). This pilot study suggests that core warming of patients with COVID-19 undergoing mechanical ventilation is feasible and appears safe. Optimizing time to achieve febrile-range temperature may require a multimodal temperature management strategy to further evaluate effects on outcome.
An Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Molecular Features Associated with Mild-to-moderate Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hu Tu , Todberg Tanja , Skov Lone , Litman Thomas , Hoof Ilka , Rosa Joel Correa da 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder, characterized by impaired skin barrier function and cutaneous inflammation. The pathophysiology of AD is incompletely understood, and has considerable genetic contributions. To obtain a detailed molecular understanding of AD, we integrated the genomic, skin transcriptomic, and clinical measurements from 30 AD and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects. We found that the AD group had mild-to-moderate disease severity and only showed slightly increased genetic risk compared with HC. When comparing within the AD group, we found that the lesional skin of patients with increased genetic risk was characterized by a possible “self-protection” mechanism, including elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-34, activation of fibroblasts, wound healing, and the complement system. We hypothesize that this mechanism may contribute to halting further progression of AD.
Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care urine tenofovir assay, and associations with HIV viraemia and drug resistance among people receiving dolutegravir and efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Dorward Jienchi , Lessells Richard , Govender Katya , Moodley Pravikrishnen , Samsunder Natasha , Sookrajh Yukteshwar , Turner Phil , Butler Christopher C , Hayward Gail , Gandhi Monica , Drain Paul K. , Garrett Nigel 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionNovel point-of-care assays which measure urine tenofovir (TFV) concentrations may have a role in improving adherence monitoring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, further studies of their diagnostic accuracy, and whether results are associated with viraemia and drug resistance, are needed to guide their use, particularly in the context of the global dolutegravir rollout.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional evaluation among PLHIV receiving first-line ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of the Abbott point-of-care assay to detect urine TFV measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We evaluated the association between point-of-care urine TFV results and self-reported adherence, viraemia ≥1000 copies/mL, and HIV drug resistance, among people receiving either efavirenz or dolutegravir-based ART.ResultsAmong 124 participants, 55% were women, median age was 39 (IQR 34-45) years. 74 (59.7%) were receiving efavirenz, and 50 (40.3%) dolutegravir. Sensitivity and specificity to detect urine TFV ≥1500ng/mL were 96.1% (95%CI 90.0-98.8) and 95.2% (75.3-100.0) respectively. Urine TFV results were associated with short (p<0.001) and medium term (p=0.036) self-reported adherence. Overall, 44/124 (35.5%) had viraemia, which was associated with undetectable TFV in those receiving efavirenz (OR 6.01, 1.27-39.0, p=0.014) and dolutegravir (OR 25.7, 4.20-294.8, p<0.001). However, in those with viraemia while receiving efavirenz, 8/27 (29.6%) had undetectable urine TFV, compared to 11/17 (64.7%) of those receiving dolutegravir. Drug resistance was detected in 23/27 (85.2%) of those receiving efavirenz and only 1/16 (6.3%) of those receiving dolutegravir. There was no association between urine TFV results and drug resistance.ConclusionsAmong PLHIV receiving ART, a rapid urine TFV assay can be used to accurately monitor urine TFV levels. Undetectable point-of-care urine TFV results were associated with viraemia, particularly among people receiving dolutegravir.Trial registrationPan-African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202001785886049.
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF OF TRACHEAL TUBE ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA (VAP) ADMITTED TO THE ICU OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAWALPINDI PAKISTAN
Authors: Baba Miriam Farooq , Abdullah Ramal , Iqbal Soman Nadim , Tariq Maryam , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Hassan Mohammad , Kaleem Fatima , Abbasi Shahid Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe respiratory system is a complex interconnected functionality which consists of a series of branching tubules and the lungs containing many alveoli. The alveoli are highly vascularized to provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange. The investigation was conducted in the Fauji Foundation Hospital’s Department of Microbiology from November 2019 to June 2022.. The various bacterial strains that were recovered from a total of 802 mechanically intubated individuals make up the data presented in this study.Acinetobacterspp 270 (34%),Pseudomonsspp 165(21%), andKlebsiellaspp 95 (12%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Main Gram-positive organisms isolated includedMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus66 (8%), Enterococcus 48 (6%).MRSAwas 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, but only 97% sensitive to the Linezolid. TheAcinetobacterspp found in the tracheal tubes was reported to be 77% sensitive to Polymyxin B.
Optimizing Detection and Deep Learning-based Classification of Pathological High-Frequency Oscillations in Epilepsy
Authors: Monsoor Tonmoy , Zhang Yipeng , Daida Atsuro , Oana Shingo , Lu Qiujing , Hussain Shaun A. , Fallah Aria , Sankar Raman , Staba Richard J. , Speier William , Roychowdhury Vwani , Nariai Hiroki 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to explore sensitive detection methods and deep learning (DL)-based classification for pathological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs)MethodsWe analyzed interictal HFOs (80-500 Hz) in 15 children with medication-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent resection after chronic intracranial electroencephalogram via subdural grids. The HFOs were assessed using the short-term energy (STE) and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) detectors and examined for pathological features based on spike association and time-frequency plot characteristics. A DL-based classification was applied to purify pathological HFOs. Postoperative seizure outcomes were correlated with HFO-resection ratios to determine the optimal HFO detection method.ResultsThe MNI detector identified a higher percentage of pathological HFOs than the STE detector, but some pathological HFOs were detected only by the STE detector. HFOs detected by both detectors exhibited the most pathological features. The Union detector, which detects HFOs identified by either the MNI or STE detector, outperformed other detectors in predicting postoperative seizure outcomes using HFO-resection ratios before and after DL-based purification.ConclusionsHFOs detected by standard automated detectors displayed different signal and morphological characteristics. DL-based classification effectively purified pathological HFOs.SignificanceEnhancing the detection and classification methods of HFOs will improve their utility in predicting postoperative seizure outcomes.HIGHLIGHTSHFOs detected by the MNI detector showed different traits and higher pathological bias than those detected by the STE detectorHFOs detected by both MNI and STE detectors (the Intersection HFOs) were deemed the most pathologicalA deep learning-based classification was able to distill pathological HFOs, regard-less of the initial HFO detection methods
Preprint: Towards Smart Glasses for Facial Expression Recognition Using OMG and Machine Learning
Authors: Kiprijanovska Ivana , Stankoski Simon , Broulidakis M. John , Archer James , Fatoorechi Mohsen , Gjoreski Martin , Nduka Charles , Gjoreski Hristijan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the use of novel optomyography (OMG) based smart glasses, OCOsense™, for the monitoring and recognition of facial expressions. Experiments were conducted on data gathered from 27 young adult participants, who performed facial expressions varying in intensity, duration, and head movement. The facial expressions included smiling, frowning, raising the eyebrows, and squeezing the eyes. The statistical analysis demonstrated that: (i) OCO™ sensors based on the principles of OMG can capture distinct variations in cheek and brow movements with a high degree of accuracy and specificity; (ii) Head movement does not have a significant impact on how well these facial expressions are detected. The collected data were also used to train a machine learning model to recognise the four facial expressions and when the face enters a neutral state. We evaluated this model in conditions intended to simulate real-world use, including variations in expression intensity, head movement and glasses position relative to the face. The model demonstrated an overall accuracy of 93% (0.90 f1-score) – evaluated using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation technique.
Pulmonary Hypertension Classification using Artificial Intelligence and Chest X-Ray:ATA AI STUDY-1
Authors: Kıvrak Tarık , Yagmur Burcu , Erken Hilal , Kocakaya Derya , Tuncer Turker , Doğan Şengül , Yaman Orhan , Sinan Umit Yasar , Sekerci Sena Sert , Yayla Cagri , Iyigun Ufuk , Kis Mehmet , Karaca Ozkan , Yesil Emrah , Yuce Ersoy Elif Ilkay , Tak Bahar Tekin , Oz Ahmet , Kaplan Mehmet , Ulutas Zeynep , Aslan Gamze Yeter , Eren Nihan Kahya , Turhan Caglar Fatma Nihan , Solmaz Hatice , Ozden Ozge , Gunes Hakan , Kocabas Umut , Yenercag Mustafa , Isık Omer , Yesilkaya Cem , Kaya Ali Nail , Omur Sefa Erdi , Sahin Anil , In Erdal , Berber Nurcan Kırıcı , Dogan Cigdem Ileri , Poyraz Fatih , Kaya Emin Erdem , Gumusdag Ayca , Kumet Omer , Kaya Hakki , Sarikaya Remzi , Tan Seda Turkan , Arabaci Hidayet Ozan , Guvenc Rengin Cetin , Yeni Mehtap , Avci Burcak Kılıckıran , Yilmaz Dilek Cicek , Celik Ahmet , Ekici Berkay , Erkan Aycan Fahri , Baris Veysel Ozgur , Seker Taner , Böyük Ferit , Can Mehmet Mustafa , Gungor Hasan , Simsek Hakki , Yildizeli Bedrettin , Kobat Mehmet Ali , Akbulut Mehmet , Zoghi Mehdi , Kozan Omer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn accurate diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is crucial to ensure that patients receive timely treatment. One of the used imaging models to detect pulmonary hypertension is the X-ray. Therefore, a new automated PH-type classification model has been presented to depict the separation ability of deep learning for PH types. We retrospectively enrolled 6642 images of patients with PH and the control group. A new X-ray image dataset was collected from a multicentre in this work. A transfer learning-based image classification model has been presented in classifying PH types. Our proposed model was applied to the collected dataset, and this dataset contains six categories (five PH and a non-PH). The presented deep feature engineering (computer vision) model attained 86.14% accuracy on this dataset. According to the extracted ROC curve, the average area under the curve rate has been calculated at 0.945. Therefore, we believe that our proposed model can easily separate PH and non-PH X-ray images.
Updating reproduction number estimates for mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo using surveillance data
Authors: Charniga Kelly , McCollum Andrea M. , Hughes Christine M. , Monroe Benjamin , Kabamba Joelle , Lushima Robert Shongo , Likafi Toutou , Nguete Beatrice , Pukuta Elisabeth , Muyamuna Elisabeth , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Karhemere Stomy , Kaba Didine , Nakazawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncidence of human mpox has been increasing in West and Central Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic. Most estimates of the pathogen’s transmissibility in DRC are based on data from the 1980s. Amid the global 2022 mpox outbreak, new estimates are needed to characterize the virus’ epidemic potential and inform outbreak control strategies. We used the R packagevimesto identify clusters of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases in Tshuapa Province, DRC. Cases with both temporal and spatial data were assigned to clusters based on the disease’s serial interval and spatial kernel. We used the size of the clusters to infer the effective reproduction number,Rt, and the rate of zoonotic spillover of MPXV into the human population. Out of 1,463 confirmed mpox cases reported in Tshuapa Province between 2013 and 2017, 878 had both date of symptom onset and a location with geographic coordinates. Results include an estimatedRtof 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79 – 0.85) and a rate of 132 (95% CI: 122 – 143) spillovers per year assuming a reporting rate of 0.25. This estimate ofRtis larger compared to most previous estimates. One potential explanation for this result is thatRtcould have increased in DRC over time due to declining population-level immunity conferred by smallpox vaccination, which was discontinued around 1982.Rtcould be overestimated if our assumption of one spillover event per cluster does not hold. Our results are consistent with increased transmissibility of MPXV in Tshuapa Province.
Cohort profile: Recruitment and retention in a prospective cohort of Canadian health care workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Cherry Nicola , Adisesh Anil , Burstyn Igor , Durand-Moreau Quentin , Galarneau Jean-Michel , Labrèche France , Ruzycki Shannon , Zadunayski Tanis 
Published: April 2023

PurposeHealth care workers (HCWs) were recruited early in 2020 to chart effects on their health as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. The aim was to identify modifiable workplace risk factors for infection and mental ill-health.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from four Canadian provinces, physicians (MDs) in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and health care aides (HCAs) in Alberta and personal support workers (PSWs) in Ontario. Volunteers gave blood for serology testing before and after vaccination. Cases with COVID-19 were matched with up to 4 referents in a nested case-referent study.Findings to Date4964/5130 (97%) of those recruited joined the longitudinal cohort: 1442 MDs, 3136 RNs, 71 LPNs, 235 PSWs, 80 HCAs. Overall, 3812 (77%) were from Alberta. Pre-pandemic risk factors for mental ill-health and respiratory illness differed markedly by occupation. Participants completed questionnaires at recruitment, fall 2020, spring 2021, and spring 2022. By the 4thcontact, 127 had retired, moved away or died, for a response rate of 89% (4299/4837). 4567/4864 (92%) received at least one vaccine shot: 2752/4567 (60%) gave post-vaccine blood samples. Ease of accessing blood collection sites was a strong determinant of participation. Among 533 cases and 1697 referents recruited to the nested case-referent study, risk of infection at work decreased with widespread vaccination.Future PlansSerology results (concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG)) together with demographic data will be entered into the publicly accessible database compiled by the Canadian Immunology Task Force. Linkage with provincial administrative health databases will permit case validation, investigation of longer-term sequalae of infection and comparison with community controls. Analysis of the existing dataset will concentrate on effects on IgG of medical condition, medications and stage of pregnancy, and the role of occupational exposures and supports on mental health during the pandemic.Strengths and limitationsRecruitment of a broad spectrum of health care workers close to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic through their professional organizationsConsent to link to records held by public health departments allows for validation of self-reports of vaccinations and episodes of COVID-19 infectionRepeated contacts permit charting the evolution of anxiety, depression and sources of stress through the course of the pandemicThe inclusion of a nested case-referent study allows exposure reporting in near real timeThe absence of good denominator data limits the ability to examine recruitment biasN=4216
SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout their range in the conterminous United States
Authors: Bevins Sarah N. , Chipman Richard B. , Beckerman Scott F. , Bergman David L. , Collins Derek T. , Deliberto Thomas J. , Eckery Joshua P. , Ellis Jeremy W. , Gosser Allen L. , Heale Jonathon D. , Klemm Jason M. , Lantz Kristina , Linder Timothy J. , Oswald Mitch , Pleszewski Robert , Quintanal Christopher A. , Ringenberg Jourdan M. , Weir Kelsey R. , Torchetti Mia K. , Lenoch Julianna B. , Chandler Jeffrey C. , Shriner Susan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBroad-scale data show SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in white-tailed deer throughout much of their range in the conterminous United States and reinforce findings of considerable SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure. Results shed light on both current infections and prior exposure, with prevalence decreasing over time and seroprevalence increasing.One-Sentence SummaryWhite-tailed deer are infected with, and have been exposed to, SARS-CoV-2 throughout their range in the conterminous US.
Clinical severity in Parkinson’s disease is determined by decline in cortical compensation
Authors: Johansson Martin E. , Toni Ivan , Kessels Roy P.C. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Helmich Rick C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDopaminergic dysfunction in the basal ganglia, particularly in the post-commissural putamen, is often viewed as the primary pathological mechanism behind motor slowing (i.e., bradykinesia) in Parkinson’s disease. However, striatal dopamine loss fails to account for inter-individual differences in motor phenotype and rate of decline, implying that the expression of motor symptoms depends on additional mechanisms, some of which may be compensatory in nature. Building on observations of increased motor-related activity in the parieto-premotor cortex of Parkinson patients, we tested the hypothesis that inter-individual differences in clinical severity are determined by compensatory cortical mechanisms, and not just by basal ganglia dysfunction.Using functional MRI, we measured variability in motor- and selection-related brain activity during a visuomotor task in 353 patients with Parkinson’s disease (≤5 years disease duration) and 60 healthy controls. In this task, we manipulated action selection demand by varying the number of possible actions that individuals could choose from. Clinical variability was characterized in two ways. First, patients were categorized into three previously validated, discrete clinical subtypes: diffuse-malignant (n=42), intermediate (n=128), or mild motor-predominant (n=150). Second, we used the total bradykinesia score across the entire sample as a continuous measure.Patients showed motor slowing (longer response times) and reduced motor-related activity in the basal ganglia compared to controls. However, basal ganglia activity did not differ between clinical subtypes and was not associated with clinical bradykinesia scores. This indicates a limited role for striatal dysfunction in shaping inter-individual differences in symptom severity. Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed enhanced action selection-related activity in the parieto-premotor cortex of patients with a mild-motor predominant subtype, both compared to patients with a diffuse-malignant subtype and to controls. Furthermore, parieto-premotor activity was inversely related to bradykinesia, which points to a compensatory role.We conclude that parieto-premotor compensation, rather than basal ganglia dysfunction, shapes inter-individual variability in symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease. Future interventions may focus on maintaining and enhancing compensatory cortical mechanisms, rather than only attempting to normalize basal ganglia dysfunction.
T helper-1 activation via interleukin-16 is a key phenomenon in the acute phase of severe, first-episode major depressive disorder and suicidal behaviors
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Abo Algon Ali Abbas , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Al-Hakeim Hussein K. , Maes Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmune-inflammatory pathways in major depressive disorder are confined to the major dysmood disorder (MDMD) phenotype (Maes et al., 2022). No studies have addressed the immune profile of first episode MDMD (FE-MDMD).MethodsThis study examines 48 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, and classical M1, alternative M2, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, and Th-17 phenotypes, immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), and neuro-immunotoxicity profiles in the acute phase of FE-MDMD (n=71) versus healthy controls (40).ResultsFE-MDMD patients show significantly activated M1, M2, Th-1, IRS, CIRS, and neurotoxicity, but not Th-2 or Th-17, profiles compared to controls. FE-MDMD is accompanied by Th-1 polarization, while there are no changes in M1/M2 or IRS/CIRS ratios. The top single indicator of FE-MDMD was by far interleukin (IL)-16, followed at a distance by TRAIL, IL-2R, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β. The severity of depression and anxiety was strongly associated with IRS (positively) and Th-2 (inversely) profiles, whereas suicidal behavior was associated with M1 activation. Around 56-60% of the variance in depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior scores was explained by IL-16, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (both positively), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (inversely). Increased neurotoxicity is mainly driven by IL-16, TNF-α, TRAIL, IL-6 and chemokine (CCL2, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL10) signaling. Antidepressant-treated patients show an increased IRS/CIRS ratio as compared with drug-naïve FE-MDMD patients.ConclusionsFE-MDMD is accompanied by positive regulation of the IRS mainly driven by Th-1 polarization and T cell activation (via binding of IL-16 to CD4), and TNF, chemokine, and growth factor signaling.