bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate carbon emissions data for equity and bond portfolios
Authors: Swinkels Laurens , Markwat Thijs 
Published: September 2023

PurposeTo better understand the impact of choosing a carbon data provider for the estimated portfolio emissions across four asset classes. This is important, as prior literature has suggested that Environmental, Social and Governance scores across providers have low correlation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors compare carbon data from four data providers for developed and emerging equity markets and investment grade and high-yield corporate bond markets.FindingsData on scope 1 and scope 2 is similar across the four data providers, but for scope 3 differences can be substantial. Carbon emissions data has become more consistent across providers over time.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors examine the impact of different carbon data providers at the asset class level. Portfolios that invest only in a subset of the asset class may be affected differently. Because “true” carbon emissions are not known, the authors cannot investigate which provider has the most accurate carbon data.Practical implicationsThe impact of choosing a carbon data provider is limited for scope 1 and scope 2 data for equity markets. Differences are larger for corporate bonds and scope 3 emissions.Originality/valueThe authors compare carbon accounting metrics on scopes 1, 2 and 3 of corporate greenhouse gas emissions carbon data from multiple providers for developed and emerging equity and investment grade and high yield investment portfolios. Moreover, the authors show the impact of filling missing data points, which is especially relevant for corporate bond markets, where data coverage tends to be lower.
Managerial incentives for ESG in the financial services industry: direct and indirect association between ESG and executive compensation
Authors: Lee Jooh , Koh Kyungyeon (Rachel) , Shim Eunsup Daniel 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study investigates the empirical association between environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance and top executive compensation in the US financial services industry. Considering that financial firms can inflict systemic shocks across the economy, it has been argued that they must conduct ethical and sustainable business in accordance with ESG principles. This study examines whether ESG efforts are beneficial to managers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use CEO compensation and ESG performance ratings data for all US financial firms (SIC 6000–6799) from 2015 to 2019. Employing fixed effects regressions, the authors test whether lagged ESG performance is related to CEO compensation, after controlling for other firm characteristics such as size, financial performance, leverage and CEO stock ownership.FindingsThe authors find that lagged ESG ratings are strongly associated with all forms of compensation. An increase of one standard deviation in the composite ESG rating is associated with a 14%–16% increase in the total pay. Among the three ESG pillars, only S (social) and G (governance) exhibit persistent and significant associations with both short- and long-term executive pay. The authors also document the significant moderating effects of ESG on the relationships among firm performance, size, leverage, ownership and executive pay, identifying how ESG is associated with compensation.Originality/valueThe authors conclude that managers receive ESG incentives implicitly and explicitly. The novel finding of direct and indirect associations between ESG and top executive compensation contributes to the growing ESG literature on the financial sector and ongoing debate about the explicit inclusion of ESG targets in compensation design.
Fragmentation of Technology Ownership and Acquisition Strategy of Firms
Authors: Asija Aman , Moreira Solon , Ringov Dimo , Soares Thiago J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how the fragmented ownership of complementary intellectual property (IP) rights affects firms’ acquisition behaviour. We theorize that as the ownership of complementary IP rights fragments, the rate at which a focal firm engages in technology acquisitions will increase. Our predictions suggest that firms will expand their IP portfolios through acquisitions as a strategy to continue innovating when the ownership over strategic IP becomes exceedingly spread among technology holders. Furthermore, we propose that this positive relationship between fragmentation and acquisitions will be stronger for firms whose patent portfolios hold relatively less value compared to their peers, owing primarily to their diminished control over strategic IP. Using a unique longitudinal dataset from the biopharmaceutical industry, we find empirical support for our hypotheses.
The politics of social status: economic and cultural roots of the populist right
Authors: Gidron Noam , Hall Peter A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the factors that have recently increased support for candidates and causes of the populist right across the developed democracies, especially among a core group of working‐class men. In the context of debates about whether the key causal factors are economic or cultural, we contend that an effective analysis must rest on understanding how economic and cultural developments interact to generate support for populism. We suggest that one way to do so is to see status anxiety as a proximate factor inducing support for populism, and economic and cultural developments as factors that combine to precipitate such anxiety. Using cross‐national survey data from 20 developed democracies, we assess the viability of this approach. We show that lower levels of subjective social status are associated with support for right populist parties, identify a set of economic and cultural developments likely to have depressed the social status of men without a college education, and show that the relative social status of those men has declined since 1987 in many of the developed democracies. We conclude that status effects provide one pathway through which economic and cultural developments may combine to increase support for the populist right.
Abortion patients' decision making about where to obtain out‐of‐state care following Texas' 2021 abortion ban
Authors: White Kari , Arey Whitney , Whitfield Brooke , Dane'el Asha , Dixon Laura , Potter Joseph E. , Ogburn Tony , Beasley Anitra D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pregnant Texans' decisions about where to obtain out‐of‐state abortion care following the September 2021 implementation of Senate Bill 8 (SB8), which prohibited abortions after detectable embryonic cardiac activity.Data SourceIn‐depth telephone interviews with Texas residents ≥15 years of age who obtained out‐of‐state abortion care after SB8's implementation.Study DesignThis qualitative study explored participants' experiences identifying and contacting abortion facilities and their concerns and considerations about traveling out of state. We used inductive and deductive codes in our thematic analysis describing people's decisions about where to obtain care and how they evaluated available options.Data CollectionTexas residents self‐referred to the study from flyers we provided to abortion facilities in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. We also enrolled participants from a concurrent online survey of Texans seeking abortion care.Principal FindingsParticipants (n = 65) frequently obtained referral lists for out‐of‐state locations from health‐care providers, and a few received referrals to specific facilities; however, referrals rarely included the information people needed to decide where to obtain care. More than half of the participants prioritized getting the soonest appointment and often contacted multiple locations and traveled further to do so; others who could not travel further typically waited longer for an appointment. Although the participants rarely cited state abortion restrictions or cost of care as their main reason for choosing a location, they often made sacrifices to lessen the logistical and economic hardships that state restrictions and out‐of‐state travel costs created. Informative abortion facility websites and compassionate scheduling staff solidified some participants' facility choice.ConclusionsPregnant Texans made difficult trade‐offs and experienced travel‐related burdens to obtain out‐of‐state abortion care. As abortion bans prohibit more people from obtaining in‐state care, efforts to strengthen patient navigation are needed to reduce care‐seeking burdens as this will support people's reproductive autonomy.
GSK‐3β activation mediates apolipoprotein E4‐associated cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gao Yang , Yu Haitao , Liu Yanchao , Xu Zhipeng , He Benrong , Liu Honghai , Wang Yuying , Zhang Yao , Liang Yi , Yang Ying , Zheng Jie , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimBoth the activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) and the presence of ApoE ε4 genotype have been found to respectively correlate with cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who further show a high incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationship between ApoE ε4 and GSK‐3β in the cognitive impairment of T2DM patients remains unclear.MethodsApoE genotypes and platelet GSK‐3β level were measured in 1139 T2DM patients recruited from five medical centers in Wuhan, China. Cognitive functions were assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The association and the relationships among apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes, GSK‐3β activity and cognitive function were analyzed by regression and mediating effect analyses, respectively.ResultsT2DM patients with ApoE ε4 but not ApoE ε2 haplotype showed poorer cognitive function and elevated platelet GSK‐3β activity, when using ApoE ε3 as reference. The elevation of GSK‐3β activity was positively correlated the diabetes duration, as well as plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis also revealed significant pairwise correlations among GSK‐3β activity, ApoE gene polymorphism and cognitive function. Lastly, using Baron and Kenny modeling, we unveiled a mediative role of GSK‐3β activity between ApoE ε4 and cognitive impairment.ConclusionWe reported here that the upregulation of GSK‐3β activity mediates the exacerbation of cognitive impairment by ApoE ε4‐enhanced cognitive impairment in T2DM patients, suggesting GSK‐3β inhibitors as promising drugs for preserving cognitive function in T2DM patients, especially to those with ApoE ε4 genotype.
New deep learning‐based methods for visualizing ecosystem properties using environmental DNA metabarcoding data
Authors: Lamperti Letizia , Sanchez Théophile , Si Moussi Sara , Mouillot David , Albouy Camille , Flück Benjamin , Bruno Morgane , Valentini Alice , Pellissier Loïc , Manel Stéphanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding provides an efficient approach for documenting biodiversity patterns in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The complexity of these data prevents current methods from extracting and analyzing all the relevant ecological information they contain, and new methods may provide better dimensionality reduction and clustering. Here we present two new deep learning‐based methods that combine different types of neural networks (NNs) to ordinate eDNA samples and visualize ecosystem properties in a two‐dimensional space: the first is based on variational autoencoders and the second on deep metric learning. The strength of our new methods lies in the combination of two inputs: the number of sequences found for each molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) detected and their corresponding nucleotide sequence. Using three different datasets, we show that our methods accurately represent several biodiversity indicators in a two‐dimensional latent space: MOTU richness per sample, sequence α‐diversity per sample, Jaccard's and sequence β‐diversity between samples. We show that our nonlinear methods are better at extracting features from eDNA datasets while avoiding the major biases associated with eDNA. Our methods outperform traditional dimension reduction methods such as Principal Component Analysis, t‐distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for dimension reduction. Our results suggest that NNs provide a more efficient way of extracting structure from eDNA metabarcoding data, thereby improving their ecological interpretation and thus biodiversity monitoring.
IRS scrutiny and corporate innovation
Authors: Goldman Nathan , Lampenius Niklas , Radhakrishnan Suresh , Stenzel Arthur , de Almeida Jose Elias Feres 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe IRS administers tax laws enacted by Congress. As part of the IRS's duties, they often consider taxpayers' financial statements to help ensure accurate tax reporting and payments. We posit that enhanced financial statement disclosures of tax information under FASB Interpretation Number 48 (FIN 48) lead to more IRS scrutiny and alter the incentives for corporate innovation. Using patent applications as a measure of corporate innovation, we employ a difference‐in‐differences research design with publicly listed US firms as the treatment group and privately held US firms not subject to the disclosure requirements as the control group. We find robust evidence that, following the onset of FIN 48, the number of patent applications by publicly listed firms decreased between 15.4% and 24.3% relative to private firms. This decline in patent applications is attributable to incremental innovation, suggesting that firms lower innovation related to projects with tax benefits that are more likely to be scrutinized by the taxing authorities. These findings suggest that there are real effects of IRS scrutiny and, in particular, real effects of tax disclosures under FIN 48 on corporate innovation.
Factors to be considered as part of a holistic assessment for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Reid Natasha , Kent Nykola , Hewlett Nicole , Bagley Kerryn , Tsang Tracey W. , Goldsbury Sarah , Williams Robyn , Akison Lisa , Holland Lorelle , Vanderpeet Chelsea , Doyle Michael , Boaden Nirosha , Hayes Nicole 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe undertook a scoping review to identify the factors outside of current fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnostic criteria to be considered as part of a holistic assessment process. This included physical, social, cultural, mental health and wellbeing factors to inform targeted recommendations and supports to improve outcomes for individuals with FASD. Evidence from this review will be used to inform the revision of the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD. Six electronic databases were searched. Studies were eligible if they included factors outside of the diagnostic criteria that cover dysmorphology, growth restriction, neurodevelopmental impairments. Data charting and content analysis were performed to synthesize the results. One hundred twenty‐one studies were included that spanned 12 key areas These included physical health, sleep, adverse postnatal experiences, substance use/other risk‐taking behaviors, contact with the criminal justice system, mental health, First Nations cultural considerations, transition to adult roles, involvement with the out‐of‐home care system, feeding and eating, strengths/interests/external resources and incontinence. Areas to be considered as part of a holistic assessment and diagnostic process spanned individual, family, and system level factors. Results provide guidance for clinicians on the wide range of factors that could influence long‐term health, development, and wellbeing for individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD. In practice, this guidance can be used to inform an individualized assessment process to facilitate tailored recommendations and supports to best meet the complex needs of individuals living with FASD and their families.
Sex differences in endocannabinoid tone in a pilot study of cannabis use disorder and acute cannabis abstinence
Authors: Martin Erin L. , Baker Nathaniel L. , Sempio Cristina , Christians Uwe , Klawitter Jost , McRae‐Clark Aimee L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCannabis use disorder (CUD) presents differently in men and women, particularly in symptoms of cannabis withdrawal. Novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions for CUD, such as those that target the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, must be developed in a manner consistent with these sex differences. The present pilot study sought to prospectively assess sex differences in cannabis withdrawal in a small sample of adults with moderate‐to‐severe CUD and to determine if withdrawal was associated with peripheral eCB and eCB congener tone. Men and women (n = 5/sex) completed 2 weeks of study participation separated by 1 month; in the latter week, participants abstained from cannabis use. Each week, participants attended in‐person laboratory visits during which blood was drawn repeatedly to assess plasma eCB and eCB congener tone. Participants also completed multiple daily ambulatory assessments to assess cannabis use and withdrawal symptoms. As anticipated, women reported a greater increase in withdrawal symptoms during the abstinent week [Δ = 9.4 (SE = 1.1); p < 0.001] than men [Δ = 1.2 (SE = 1.2); p = 0.35]. Sex differences in levels of the eCB N‐arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), as well as the eCB congeners stearoylethanolamide (SEA) and linoleylethanolamide (LEA), were evident during abstinence at the morning time point only (p's < 0.05). LEA was associated with withdrawal symptom expression in both sexes [β = 0.16 (SE = 0.09)] and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) [β = 0.22 (SE = 0.13)] and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) [β = 0.32 (SE = 0.15)] were associated with withdrawal symptoms in women only. Pharmacotherapeutic development for CUD should consider evident sex differences in eCB and eCB congener tone during abstinence and their associations with cannabis withdrawal, as eCB‐based interventions may produce differential effects by sex.
Clinical management of external cervical resorption: A systematic review
Authors: Bardini Giulia , Orrù Cristiano , Ideo Francesca , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Dummer Paul , Cotti Elisabetta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review investigated whether any therapeutic options influenced the outcome of treatment for teeth with external cervical resorption. Out of 870 articles identified by an electronic search, 60 clinical case reports and six case series were included. No randomised clinical trials were found. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. External surgical intervention was the preferred method of accessing the lesions. Removal of resorptive tissue was most often achieved mechanically. Bioactive endodontic cements were the preferred materials for restoring teeth. The outcome measures were based on clinical and radiographic parameters. Of the cases included in the review, no specific treatment approach had a superior outcome in relation to Heithersay's classification. Furthermore, due to the absence of randomised clinical trials, and the low level of evidence associated with case reports/case series, it was not possible to define the optimum clinical treatment for external cervical resorption.
Eosinophils—from cradle to grave
Authors: Jesenak Milos , Diamant Zuzana , Simon Dagmar , Tufvesson Ellen , Seys Sven F. , Mukherjee Manali , Lacy Paige , Vijverberg Susanne , Slisz Tomas , Sediva Anna , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Striz Ilja , Plevkova Jana , Schwarze Jurgen , Kosturiak Radovan , Alexis Neil E. , Untersmayr Eva , Vasakova Martina Koziar , Knol Edward , Koenderman Leo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the past years, eosinophils have become a focus of scientific interest, especially in the context of their recently uncovered functions (e.g. antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, regulatory). These versatile cells display both beneficial and detrimental activities under various physiological and pathological conditions. Eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases which can be classified into primary (clonal) and secondary (reactive) disorders and idiopathic (hyper)eosinophilic syndromes. Depending on the biological specimen, the eosinophil count in different body compartments may serve as a biomarker reflecting the underlying pathophysiology and/or activity of distinct diseases and as a therapy‐driving (predictive) and monitoring tool. Personalized selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy directly or indirectly targeting the increased number and/or activity of eosinophils should be based on the understanding of eosinophil homeostasis including their interactions with other immune and non‐immune cells within different body compartments. Hence, restoring as well as maintaining homeostasis within an individual's eosinophil pool is a goal of both specific and non‐specific eosinophil‐targeting therapies. Despite the overall favourable safety profile of the currently available anti‐eosinophil biologics, the effect of eosinophil depletion should be monitored from the perspective of possible unwanted consequences.
Intense pulsed light treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction: Past, present, and future
Authors: Fineide Fredrik , Magnø Morten S. , Khan Ayyad Zartasht , Chen Xiangjun , Vehof Jelle , Utheim Tor P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDry eye disease is a highly prevalent condition, which can substantially impair quality of life, work productivity, and vision. It is considered an inflammatory disease and the most common cause is meibomian gland dysfunction. Despite many treatment alternatives being available, including artificial tears, warm compresses, antibiotics, and anti‐inflammatory therapy, lasting treatment effects are rare. Over the last two decades, intense pulsed light therapy, after being well established in dermatology, has been gradually introduced to the field of ophthalmology to treat meibomian gland dysfunction. The purpose of the current article is to critically review the clinical studies assessing the use of intense pulsed light to treat meibomian gland dysfunction published to date. The vast majority of the included studies demonstrated improved symptoms and signs, although the degree of efficacy and its duration varied greatly depending on concomitant treatment, number of treatment sessions, and other factors. Several possible mechanisms of action concerning disease propagation and treatment efficacy are discussed. There is still a need for larger, randomised, longitudinal studies to define the most efficacious treatment regime and to predict which patients may benefit the most. More studies are needed on implementing biochemical analyses and machine learning algorithms. Such studies may prove beneficial in predicting treatment effects, defining optimal treatment regimens, and furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of action.
Letter: Muscle thickness measurement using ultrasound—A step closer to the use of body composition analysis in the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tassone Daniel , Hartley Imogen , Ding Nik Sheng 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Nguyen et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17607