bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does switching brands matter? Complications associated with switching between phenobarbital brands in two dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Abouzeid Jad , De Risio Luisa , Stabile Fabio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSwitching between brands of the same antiseizure medication has been associated with a loss of epileptic seizure control in people. No such reports are available in the veterinary literature. Here, we describe two cases in which client‐owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy experienced complications following phenobarbital brand switch, despite no change in the administered dosage. Both dogs had been on treatment with oral phenobarbital for at least 23 months without complications. Following brand switching, one dog became markedly sedated, ataxic and anorexic, and the other dog experienced severe cluster seizures. The measured serum phenobarbital concentrations were significantly altered from the previously measured pre‐brand switching concentrations. Echoing what has been described in human medicine, these cases suggest that therapeutic complications can occur when switching phenobarbital brand in chronically treated dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Such complications should be considered when modulating antiseizure treatment in dogs. The exact cause for the resulting complications is unclear.
Glomus tympanicum removal using transcanal endoscopic assisted surgery: An experience with six cases
Authors: Sahoo Pradipt Ranjan , Sahu Monalisa , Khan Imran Wasfi , Samantaray Kabikanta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate an endoscopic approach in the management of glomus tumor, and also to investigate and evaluate its appropriateness and feasibility.MethodsGlomus tumors, also known as paragangliomas, are benign primary tumors of the middle ear. The advent of endoscopic ear surgery has provided new dimensions to the management of this highly vascular tumor. Retrospective analysis of six patients of glomus tympanicum, operated between July 2014 and June 2019, with modified Fisch classification Type A and B1, who were managed by a retroauricular transcanal endoscopic approach. Preoperative and postoperative analysis was done for these patients.ResultsThe chief complaint was pulsatile tinnitus, which disappeared in five cases and reduced in severity in one of them. Hearing was improved with reduction in air‐bone gap in all the cases. No major complications or recurrence were observed in any of the patients after 12 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThis endoscopic approach serves as a safe and reliable technique for tumor removal. It thus provides postoperative comfort for most of the patients.
Lithium‐Filled Skutterudites by Intercalation at Ambient‐Temperature
Authors: Prado‐Gonjal Jesús , Vaqueiro Paz , Kowalczyk Radoslaw M. , Smith Ronald I. , Powell Anthony V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of lithium as a filler species in Co1‐2xFexNixSb3 skutterudites was accomplished by intercalation at 60 °C, using n‐BuLi as a reducing agent. Solid state 7Li NMR and ICP‐MS analysis confirm the presence of lithium in the product phases and provide an estimate of the lithium content. The maximum uptake of lithium increases as cobalt is progressively substituted by an equimolar mixture of iron and nickel. Difference Fourier maps, calculated during Rietveld structure refinement using powder neutron diffraction data, locate the lithium cations at the 2a (0,0,0) sites within the cavities of the skutterudite framework. The intercalation of lithium results in reductions in thermal conductivity of up to 47 %, indicative of phonon glass electron crystal (PGEC) type behaviour. Charge transfer from lithium to the framework that accompanies intercalation results in a substantial decrease in electrical resistivity in lithiated phases and a more metal‐like temperature dependence. The increased carrier concentration also decreases the Seebeck coefficient, with the consequence that modest increases in the figure of merit occur, despite the reduced thermal conductivity.
K2BaSi4: Zintl Concept in Position Space
Authors: Sichevych Olga , Akselrud Lev , Böhme Bodo , Bobnar Matej , Baitinger Michael , Wagner Frank R. , Grin Yuri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Zintl phase K2BaSi4 has been synthesized from the mixture of precursors KSi and BaSi2. The crystal structure of K2BaSi4 was elucidated from X‐ray powder diffraction data: Pearson symbol oP28, space group Pbcm, a=9.4950(1), b=9.2392(1), c=9.9025(1) Å. The main building block of the crystal structure are tetrahedral anions Si44–. Analysis of chemical bonding for K2BaSi4 and its chemical analogs – molecular H4Si4 and solid state K4Si4 employing the electron localizability approach reveals the basic agreement with the Zintl model in terms of number of basins for Si−Si bonds and lone pairs at Si atoms, as well as the charge transfer direction. The populations of the bond and ‘lone‐pair’ basins agree with the Zintl count for molecular species and deviate strongly for the solids, in particular, while the ‘lone‐pair’ basins are over‐populated, the bond basins are essentially under‐populated. The topology of the calculated electron density and electron‐localizability indicator is very sensitive toward the interatomic distances and angles in the Si44− anion.
Identification of force loadings on the inner circumference of a finite‐length elastic cylinder
Authors: Postolaki Lesya , Tokovyy Yuriy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn inverse problem is solved for identifying unknown force loadings on the inner surface of a finite‐length hollow cylinder using the variational method of homogeneous solutions. The problem is considered within the axisymmetric formulation, and the radial and axial displacements of the outer surface of the cylinder are used as the auxiliary data for solving the inverse problem. The accessible surfaces of the cylinder (the end‐faces and the outer surface) are assumed to be free of force loading. By making use of the variational method of homogeneous solutions, the problem is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. The solution is verified numerically and its stability with respect to small errors in the input data is analyzed.
The Golem Horn Solver
Authors: Blicha Martin , Britikov Konstantin , Sharygina Natasha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe logical framework of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC) models verification tasks from a variety of domains, ranging from verification of safety properties in transition systems to modular verification of programs with procedures. In this work we present Golem, a flexible and efficient solver for satisfiability of CHC over linear real and integer arithmetic. Golem provides flexibility with modular architecture and multiple back-end model-checking algorithms, as well as efficiency with tight integration with the underlying SMT solver. This paper describes the architecture of Golem and its back-end engines, which include our recently introduced model-checking algorithm TPA for deep exploration. The description is complemented by extensive evaluation, demonstrating the competitive nature of the solver.
Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness
Authors: Henzinger Thomas A. , Karimi Mahyar , Kueffner Konstantin , Mallik Kaushik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMachine-learned systems are in widespread use for making decisions about humans, and it is important that they are fair, i.e., not biased against individuals based on sensitive attributes. We present runtime verification of algorithmic fairness for systems whose models are unknown, but are assumed to have a Markov chain structure. We introduce a specification language that can model many common algorithmic fairness properties, such as demographic parity, equal opportunity, and social burden. We build monitors that observe a long sequence of events as generated by a given system, and output, after each observation, a quantitative estimate of how fair or biased the system was on that run until that point in time. The estimate is proven to be correct modulo a variable error bound and a given confidence level, where the error bound gets tighter as the observed sequence gets longer. Our monitors are of two types, and use, respectively, frequentist and Bayesian statistical inference techniques. While the frequentist monitors compute estimates that are objectively correct with respect to the ground truth, the Bayesian monitors compute estimates that are correct subject to a given prior belief about the system’s model. Using a prototype implementation, we show how we can monitor if a bank is fair in giving loans to applicants from different social backgrounds, and if a college is fair in admitting students while maintaining a reasonable financial burden on the society. Although they exhibit different theoretical complexities in certain cases, in our experiments, both frequentist and Bayesian monitors took less than a millisecond to update their verdicts after each observation.
Local Search for Solving Satisfiability of Polynomial Formulas
Authors: Li Haokun , Xia Bican , Zhao Tianqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSatisfiability Modulo the Theory of Nonlinear Real Arithmetic, SMT(NRA) for short, concerns the satisfiability of polynomial formulas, which are quantifier-free Boolean combinations of polynomial equations and inequalities with integer coefficients and real variables. In this paper, we propose a local search algorithm for a special subclass of SMT(NRA), where all constraints are strict inequalities. An important fact is that, given a polynomial formula with n variables, the zero level set of the polynomials in the formula decomposes the n-dimensional real space into finitely many components (cells) and every polynomial has constant sign in each cell. The key point of our algorithm is a new operation based on real root isolation, called cell-jump, which updates the current assignment along a given direction such that the assignment can ‘jump’ from one cell to another. One cell-jump may adjust the values of several variables while traditional local search operations, such as flip for SAT and critical move for SMT(LIA), only change that of one variable. We also design a two-level operation selection to balance the success rate and efficiency. Furthermore, our algorithm can be easily generalized to a wider subclass of SMT(NRA) where polynomial equations linear with respect to some variable are allowed. Experiments show the algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art SMT solvers, and performs particularly well on those formulas with high-degree polynomials.
Vitamin D status modulates innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles following acute prolonged cycling
Authors: Jones Arwel W. , Mironas Adrian , Mur Luis A. J. , Beckmann Manfred , Thatcher Rhys , Davison Glen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced immune dysfunction remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D status (circulating 25(OH)D) on innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles to prolonged exercise.

Methods
Twenty three healthy, recreationally active males (age 25 ± 7 years; maximal oxygen uptake [$${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{2}}$$

V
˙

O

2

max] 56 ± 9 mL·kg−1·min−1), classified as being deficient (n = 7) or non-deficient n = 16) according to plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, completed 2.5 h of cycling at 15% Δ (~ 55–60% $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{2}}$$

V
˙

O

2

max). Venous blood and unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before and after exercise.

Results
Participants with deficient plasma 25(OH)D on average had lower total lymphocyte count (mean difference [95% confidence interval], 0.5 cells × 109 L [0.1, 0.9]), p = 0.013) and greater neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (1.3 cells × 109 L, [0.1, 2.5], p = 0.033). The deficient group experienced reductions from pre-exercise to 1 h post-exercise (− 43% [− 70, − 15], p = 0.003) in bacterial stimulated elastase in blood neutrophils compared to non-deficient participants (1% [− 20, 21], p = 1.000) Multivariate analyses of plasma metabolomic profiles showed a clear separation of participants according to vitamin D status. Prominent sources of variation between groups were purine/pyrimidine catabolites, inflammatory markers (linoleic acid pathway), lactate and tyrosine/adrenaline.

Conclusion
These findings provide evidence of the influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced changes in parameters of innate immune defence and metabolomic signatures such as markers of inflammation and metabolic stress.
„Rohstoffpark Enns“
Authors: Bernegger Kurt , Mlinar Christian , Lugmayr Helmut , Mayer Gerhard 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDer „Rohstoffpark Enns“ ist ein Industriestandort der Fa. Bernegger aus Molln. Im Endzustand umfasst dieser neben allgemeiner Infrastruktur (Bahnanschluss, zentrale Abwasserbehandlung etc.) auf 20 ha sieben Abfallbehandlungsanlagen. Der Zweck dieser Anlagen besteht in der Maximierung rückgewinnbarer Wertstoffe (Metalle, Kunststoffe, mineralische Rohstoffe) als Ersatz für Primärmaterial, der Erzeugung von grüner Energie (Wärme für 7000 und Strom für 15.000 Haushalte) und der Minimierung von zu deponierenden Rückständen.Folgende zentrale Anlagen des Rohstoffpark Enns sind aktuell in Umsetzung:● eine Kunststoffsortieranlage (Kooperation ARA, Grüner Punkt und Bernegger) in welcher 100.000 t/a Leichtverpackungen („Gelber-Sack-Materialien“) mittels 38 Nahinfrarot-Sortiergeräten zur wertstofflichen Verwertung aufbereitet werden.● eine seit 2006 bestehende Shredder-Rückstands-Aufbereitungsanlage (SRA) zur Gewinnung von Kunststoffen und Metallen aus Rückständen v. a. aus der Schrottaufbereitung. Dies erfolgt mittels Zerkleinerung, Klassierung und einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Sortierungsschritten.● eine 2024 in Betrieb gehende Thermische Metallgewinnung zur Rückgewinnung von Metallen v. a. aus den feinkörnigen, gering metallhaltigen und sehr stark verwachsenen Rückständen der SRA. Bei diesem Herstellungsprozess kommt ein von der Fa. Bernegger – gemeinsam mit der Fa. Küttner und mit Unterstützung von der Montanuniversität Leoben und der RWTH Aachen – über mehrere Jahre entwickeltes pyrometallurgisches Verfahren zum Einsatz. Damit wird neben Schwarzkupfer auch ein mineralisches Bindemittel und zinkhältiger Staub erzeugt sowie gleichzeitig durch den autothermen Prozess, Strom und Dampf produziert.
Effective network intrusion detection using stacking-based ensemble approach
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Haque Mansoor-ul- , Durad Muhammad Hanif , Usman Anila , Mohsin Syed Muhammad , Mujlid Hana , Maple Carsten 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for communication between networked devices connected either through an intranet or the internet increases the need for a reliable and accurate network defense mechanism. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs), which are used to detect malicious or anomalous network traffic, are an integral part of network defense. This research aims to address some of the issues faced by anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems. In this research, we first identify some limitations of the legacy NIDS datasets, including a recent CICIDS2017 dataset, which lead us to develop our novel dataset, CIPMAIDS2023-1. Then, we propose a stacking-based ensemble approach that outperforms the overall state of the art for NIDS. Various attack scenarios were implemented along with benign user traffic on the network topology created using graphical network simulator-3 (GNS-3). Key flow features are extracted usingcicflowmeterfor each attack and are evaluated to analyze their behavior. Several different machine learning approaches are applied to the features extracted from the traffic data, and their performance is compared. The results show that the stacking-based ensemble approach is the most promising and achieves the highest weighted F1-score of 98.24%.
Relegation-free closed-form perturbation theory and the domain of secular motions in the restricted three-body problem
Authors: Rossi Mattia , Efthymiopoulos Christos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose a closed-form (i.e., without expansion in the orbital eccentricities) scheme for computations in perturbation theory in the restricted three-body problem (R3BP) when the massless particle is in an orbit exterior to the one of the primary perturber. Starting with a multipole expansion of the barycentric (Jacobi-reduced) Hamiltonian, we carry out a sequence of normalizations in Delaunay variables by Lie series, leading to a secular Hamiltonian model without use of relegation. To this end, we introduce a book-keeping analogous to the one proposed in Cavallari and Efthymiopoulos (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 134(2):1–36, 2022) for test particle orbits interior to the one of the primary perturber, but here adapted, instead, to the case of exterior orbits. We give numerical examples of the performance of the method in both the planar circular and the spatial elliptic restricted three-body problem, for parameters pertinent to the Sun-Jupiter system. In particular, we demonstrate the method’s accuracy in terms of reproducibility of the orbital elements’ variations far from mean-motion resonances. As a basic outcome of the method, we show how, using as criterion the size of the series’ remainder, we reach to obtain an accurate semi-analytical estimate of the boundary (in the space of orbital elements) where the secular Hamiltonian model arrived at after eliminating the particle’s fast degree of freedom provides a valid approximation of the true dynamics.
Addressing Emotions and Beliefs for Vulnerable Jobseekers with Virtual Reality
Authors: McGivney Eileen , Forshaw Tessa , Medeiros Rodrigo , Sun Mingyue , Grotzer Tina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technologies have been shown to impact the affective and motivational dimensions of learning, for example increasing learners’ enjoyment, confidence, and self-efficacy beliefs. While VR is increasingly being used for workforce development, research on these dimensions of learning in authentic workforce development contexts remains thin. This mixed-method case study addressed the need for more research on VR’s affordances for engaging affective dimensions of learning. We investigated the impact of a job interview VR simulation on the emotions, confidence, and self-efficacy beliefs of jobseekers who have been impacted by the criminal justice system. By observing the implementation of this application in an authentic workforce development context, we also addressed questions about how VR use and facilitation vary among participants. We find compelling evidence that a VR job interview simulation tailored to the experiences of people impacted by the criminal justice system can alleviate some of the emotional toll the job search takes on this vulnerable population, but we did not find evidence of changes in their self-efficacy beliefs. We discuss ways participants described the simulation as authentic practice, and how its facilitation and use varied, emphasizing the importance of VR design as a tool within a broader instructional context.
A study on how environmental issues are discussed in social studies textbooks
Authors: Şeker Mustafa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnvironmental education should be sustainable. For a peaceful and happy world, each country is expected to see the environment as common heritage and to bring this sensitivity to the students in the education processes. Social Studies course is a course that aims to educate students to be effective, sensitive to living together, and have a perception of common heritage within the framework of global citizenship. For the environmental sensitivity to be more effective, the education process is bound to carry out very important tasks. Students can be supported to gain awareness of environment through educational programs, textbooks, teaching strategies, methods, and techniques from an early age on and throughout their education. The aim of this study is to investigate what kind of educational process the students in Turkey, which has an important geopolitical position in the world, go through in the social studies course, which bears the responsibility of conveying universal principles. In our study, the mixed method was used and it was investigated whether the environmental issues are discussed in social studies textbooks in accordance with the developmental levels of the students. In the research process, teachers' opinions as well as the textbooks were examined. As a result of the research, it has been understood that social studies textbooks do not primarily handle the environmental issues efficiently and that children are not trained well enough to gain environmental sensitivity.
Simultaneous eating algorithm and greedy algorithm in assignment problems
Authors: Zhan Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe simultaneous eating algorithm (SEA) and probabilistic serial (PS) mechanism are well known for allocating a set of divisible or indivisible goods to agents with ordinal preferences. The PS mechanism is SEA at the same eating speed. The prominent property of SEA is ordinal efficiency. Recently, we extended the PS mechanism (EPS) from a fixed quota of each good to a variable varying in a polytope constrained by submodular functions. In this article, we further generalized some results on SEA. After formalizing the extended ESA (ESEA), we show that it can be characterized by ordinal efficiency. We established a stronger summation optimization than the Pareto type of ordinal efficiency by an introduced weight vector. The weights in the summation optimization coincide with agents’ preferences at the acyclic positive values of an allocation. Hence, the order of goods selected to eat in ESEA is exactly the one chosen in the execution of the well-known greedy algorithm.
Can Deep CNNs Avoid Infinite Regress/Circularity in Content Constitution?
Authors: Lopes Jesse 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe representations of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are formed from generalizing similarities and abstracting from differences in the manner of the empiricist theory of abstraction (Buckner, Synthese 195:5339–5372, 2018). The empiricist theory of abstraction is well understood to entail infinite regress and circularity in content constitution (Husserl, Logical Investigations. Routledge, 2001). This paper argues these entailments hold a fortiori for deep CNNs. Two theses result: deep CNNs require supplementation by Quine’s “apparatus of identity and quantification” in order to (1) achieve concepts, and (2) represent objects, as opposed to “half-entities” corresponding to similarity amalgams (Quine, Quintessence, Cambridge, 2004, p. 107). Similarity amalgams are also called “approximate meaning[s]” (Marcus & Davis, Rebooting AI, Pantheon, 2019, p. 132). Although Husserl inferred the “complete abandonment of the empiricist theory of abstraction” (a fortiori deep CNNs) due to the infinite regress and circularity arguments examined in this paper, I argue that the statistical learning of deep CNNs may be incorporated into a Fodorian hybrid account that supports Quine’s “sortal predicates, negation, plurals, identity, pronouns, and quantifiers” which are representationally necessary to overcome the regress/circularity in content constitution and achieve objective (as opposed to similarity-subjective) representation (Burge, Origins of Objectivity. Oxford, 2010, p. 238). I base myself initially on Yoshimi’s (New Frontiers in Psychology, 2011) attempt to explain Husserlian phenomenology with neural networks but depart from him due to the arguments and consequently propose a two-system view which converges with Weiskopf’s proposal (“Observational Concepts.” The Conceptual Mind. MIT, 2015. 223–248).