bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical study and pharmacological activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts activity as Dihydrofolate Reductase enzyme inhibitors associated with antioxidant effect: In vitro study
Authors: Marwah Mohammed Salih Ali  , Mayssaa Essam Abdalah  , Bahir Abdul-Razzaq Mshimesh  
Published: January 2023

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a fundamental enzyme in producing the precursor of purines and pyrimidines for biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and amino acids at various stages. It is considered the key target for both anticancer and antimicrobial drug design.
Terminalia chebula has unique phytoconstituents which are employed broadly in the development of medications against different diseases. It has been established that Terminalia chebula fruit could be used as therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The aim of study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of T. chebula fruit extract against DHFR enzyme activity and assessment the antioxidant and scavenging activity of T. chebula fruit extract, using DPPH and reducing activity tests Terminalia chebula fruits where extracted. The anti- DHFR enzyme activity was assessed in vitro for the four extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit and MTX. Phytochemical analysis of screening test, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was done for the extract with highest biological activity. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of the extract with highest biological activity were evaluated via DPPH [1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl] and reductive ability test. The percent of DHFR inhibiting activity for the cold methanolic extract was the highest and it was higher than that of MTX (96.0±1.4% vs. 89.0±1.1%, respectively), therefore, it was selected for the proceeding assay. Phytochemical analysis showed that the cold methanolic extract of T. chebula, showed a positive reaction for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids and saponins. Besides, GC-MS analysis showed the presence of pyrogallol compound, while HPLC analysis recorded 3 major peaks with different retention times that were semi-identical to gallic acid, rutin and quercetin standard. The highest radical scavenging activity of T.chebula cold methanolic extract and ascorbic acid according to DPPH were (80.1±2.04% and 85.83±2.1%, respectively) at the maximum studied concentration (200μg/ml), where the activity of ascorbic acid was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than that of T.chebula. Meanwhile, the reductive ability of the cold extract was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that of vitamin E (0.72±0.15 and 0.41±0.08, respectively) at the maximum studied concentration (250μg/ml). These results suggesting the cold extract of Terminalia chebula has in vitro prominent anti-dihydrofolate reductase activity which is better than that of MTX.
Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients with Depression after Using Escitalopram for a Short Period
Authors: Raz Muhammed HamaSalih  , Rebwar Ghareeb Hama  
Published: January 2023

Background
Antidepressant drugs are most commonly used for management of depressive disorders. Antidepressant drugs used in psychiatric clinics may affect the electrical activity of the heart which may induce fatal cardiac events.
Objectives
The purpose of the current study is to reveal the outcomes of escitalopram use for short period of time on the ECG records applying the prolongation of (heart-rate corrected interval for assessing ventricular repolarization) QTc and (corrected JT interval) JTc intervals as a predictor of the negative effects of antidepressants.
Methods
Twenty-eight patients with major depressive disorder and 20 healthy participants were recruited. Parameters such as weight, height, and blood pressure measurements were determined. Electrocardiographic (ECG) records and echocardiographic records [for ejection fraction (%)] were obtained before administration of escitalopram and after 4 weeks of treatment with daily escitalopram 10 mg. The intervals of JTc and QTc and the voltage criteria (R wave-V5 and S wave-V1) were measured.
Results
Patients with depression had a significantly prolonged interval of JTc and small-voltage criterion of the ventricles. Escitalopram significantly improves the prolongation in JTc and non-significantly ameliorate the voltage criterion. There is no significant alteration in the parameter of ejection fraction.
Conclusion
Irregularities in ECG records were observed in patients with major depressive disorder, and treatment with escitalopram for short period is associated with favorable results rather than negative effects. The evaluation of JTc interval in patients with depression is more suitable than QTc measurement in estimation of the effects of escitalopram.
Study the pharmacological potential of 1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides: A minireview
Authors: Hiba Ali Hasan  , Mesoun A. A. Al-Nubi Al-Sudani  
Published: January 2023

Study of the pharmacological activity of new heterocyclic scaffolds becomes a passion of many medicinal chemists around the world. 1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives are one of the heterocyclic derivatives that haveattracted researchers' attention since the early 1940's. In spite of this, however, the study of the pharmacological activities of this nucleus remains scant and needs to shed lighter on it. Therefore, in this review, the authors in this review collected all the families that included this nucleus whose biological activities were studied for the period between 1993 and 2020 in order to get an idea of the effectiveness of these compounds and highlighted the most effective ones. In addition, knowing the pharmacological aspects that had not been studied previously to focus more on them in the future by interested researchers.
Strategies Use and Self-efficacy perceptions: Libyan EFL University Students
Authors: Alashouri Rahma 
Published: January 2023

Language learning strategies (LLSs) and the elements that affect their usage, like Self-efficacy (SE) and gender variations during the learning process, both of which have been significant areas of focus in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) to students of other languages, as they play a pivotal role in the learning process. in the Libyan context research on this topic is relatively scarce. As a result, this study was conducted to determine if there is a link between LLS and SE; in order to accomplish this goal, this research surveyed 60 students who enrolled at the University of Tripoli (33 males and 27 females). Both SILL and the QESE were used in the process of data collection. To analyze the data, the software of (SPSS) was used to examine the data gathered. It was concluded that students' utilization of LLSs was at a moderate level, with a noticeable gender difference; although students reported high levels of self-efficacy, a weak positive association across LLSs and SE was reported. The conclusion of the research shall be valuable to both researchers and teachers, as the study will provide ways to better understand students' current views and strategy utilization.
Kekhilafan Menerapkan Maqasid Syariʻah Dalam Pengeluaran Fatwa: Analisis Ijtihad Maqasidi
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Mustaqim , Zainuri Anwar Osman 
Published: January 2023

Ijtihad maqasidi ialah penerapan maqasid syariah dalam semua proses hal ehwal ijtihad untuk mendapatkan hukum-hakam yang harmoni demi menjaga lima prinsip asasnya iaitu agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan mahupun harta serta menolak segala kerosakan. Namun begitu, sesuatu fatwa akan terkesan apabila berlakunya perselisihan dalam menerapkan maqasid syariah. Oleh yang demikian artikel ini mengetengahkan objektif utama iaitu mengenal pasti konflik penerapan maqasid syariah dalam pengeluaran fatwa. Falsafah di sebalik artikel ini ialah interpretif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam mengadaptasikan reka bentuk kajian. Kaedah pengumpulan dan analisis data ialah analisis kandungan dokumen dengan menganalisis sampel utama daripada peruntukan dalam al-Quran dan Sunnah. Ia dijadikan sebagai data primer dalam kajian ini kerana data tersebut adalah daripada sumber langsung, berautoriti dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh mana-mana pandangan atau pendapat individu. Selain itu juga, data sekunder bagi kajian ini ialah perbahasan yang terdapat dalam kitab-kitab tafsir, buku-buku akademik, jurnal dan kajian ilmiah lepas digunakan dalam artikel ini. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa proses ijtihad melalui pemahaman nas sahaja tanpa saduran maqasid syariah dan proses ijtihad melalui saduran maqasid syariah yang berlebihan dari pemahaman nas merupakan antara konflik ijtihad maqasidi yang perlu diawasi. Oleh yang demikian, pihak-pihak berautoriti perlu sentiasa berhati-hati dalam memahami nas syarak agar pengeluaran fatwa yang dilakukan adalah lebih harmoni berkonsepkan ijtihad maqasidi.
Kata kunci: Fatwa, ijtihad, konflik, Maqasid Syariah, penerapan
Perakaunan Zakat Pelaburan: Kes Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB)
Authors: Zahri Mohd ‘Adli , Muhd Adnan Nurul Ilyana , Hamat Zahri , Mohd Kashim Mohd Izhar Ariff 
Published: January 2023

Aset pelaburan adalah antara aset baharu yang diwajibkan zakat. Aset pelaburan terdiri sama ada dalam bentuk aset fizikal seperti tanah dan bangunan ataupun dalam bentuk aset kewangan seperti saham dan dana amanah. Kedua-kedua aset ini diwajibkan zakat. Persoalannya ialah, zakat terhadap pelaburan dalam bentuk aset fizikal dikenakan ke atas pendapatan daripada aset tersebut, sedangkan zakat terhadap pelaburan dalam bentuk aset kewangan dikenakan ke atas aset dan pendapatan daripada aset tersebut. Apakah tepat kaedah perakaunan zakat terhadap kedua-dua aset pelaburan itu? Kertas ini akan cuba menjawab persoalan tersebut. Berdasarkan data sekunder dengan menggunakan analisis kandungan, akan dihujahkan bahawa dengan mengambil kira maksud pegangan terhadap Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB), maka zakat sepatutnya dikenakan ke atas pendapatan dividen sahaja.
Effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination among COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Das Shuva , Ripon Rezaul Karim , Sujan Md Safaet Hossain , Tumpa Nadia Islam , Khan Ayesha Ahmed , Dhar Akhi , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Hoque Md Minhazul , Rudra Sujan , Akter Mohosina , Hasan Mohammad Mohiuddin , Koly Kamrun N 
Published: January 2023

It is currently unknown how effective the COVID-19 vaccine is at preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among the general population. The study suggests that a safe and efficient vaccination against the COVID-19 could help manage this pandemic if widely distributed. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in between vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. A retrospective multicenter cohort study comprised 1244 COVID-19 positive patients enrolled in this study from three different hospitals among patients who had been appropriately vaccinated or not between April and June 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face survey, and clinical investigations were obtained by observation. Descriptive statistics and the Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis were performed in the study. Among the participants, 69% of vaccinated cohorts did not require hospitalization, and 97% successfully recovered from the infection. In respect of age, compared with unvaccinated cohorts, the vaccine effectiveness varied from 81% to 92%. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was more effective among those aged 60-69 years old and reduced 92% hazard of death than the unvaccinated group [HR ratio - 0.081(.036-.179), P=0.0001]. The study found the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is highly effective for receivers. The COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated a significant correlation with a reduced probability of disease severity, hospital admission rate, early recovery from illness, and mortality.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 251-263
Larvicidal efficacy of selected medicinal plants against the filarial vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Rahman Khondoker Md Zulfiker , Razzak Mohammad Abdur 
Published: January 2023

The present research was conducted to assess the mosquito larvicidal potential of selected medicinal plants using an effective but simple method. Aqueous extracts of roots of three selected medicinal plants viz. Derris scandens, Rubia cordifolia and Saussurea lappa were evaluated for their mosquito larvicidal potential against the 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus Say (1823) under laboratory settings. Aqueous extracts of these plants at seven different concentrations (1, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 ppm) exhibited considerable mortality of the 3rd instar larvae after 24 and 48 h exposure. Among the plants, D. scandens root extract exhibited the highest toxicity inducing 100% larval mortality after 24 h exposure at 250 ppm concentration, followed by the root extracts of R. cordifolia and S. lappa inducing 98.4% and 87.8% larval mortality, respectively. Overall, extracts of all the plants exhibited a strong positive correlation between the concentration of extracts and larval mortality (p˂0.001) with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.90. The LC50 and LC90 values after 24 h contact demonstrated D. scandens as the most toxic with the lowest LC50 and LC90 values (LC50=78.20 ppm, LC90=147.33 ppm) followed by R. cordifolia (LC50= 89.32 ppm, LC90=204.09 ppm) and S. lappa (LC50=112.29 ppm, LC90=248.72 ppm), respectively. Our results clearly indicated that all the plants' aqueous extracts showed considerable larvicidal potential against the 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. To conclude, the application of aqueous extracts from these plants to larval habitats may efficiently control C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, hence, can be recommended as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides against these vectors.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 187-193
Clinico-Epidemiological Study in Admitted Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in two selected Tertiary Care Centers in Dhaka City
Authors: Islam Md Joynul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Haseen Fariha , Ashadullah ATM , Hossain Md Zahed , Salam Md Abdus , Uddin Kalim , Rashid Mirza Md Hafizur , Mustofa Md Golam 
Published: January 2023

Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health problem.
Objective: This study was aimed to clinical characteristics of traumatic brain injury patients by collection of detailed data on demography, clinical, injury patterns, co-morbidities, laboratory findings, and outcome of mild and moderate TBI.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020. Patients attending Department of Trauma Neurosurgery of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh with a history of having mild or moderate traumatic brain injury and patients of 18 years and above irrespective of their sex were included in the study after informed written consent. The study included socio-demographic information and history of injury, mechanism of injury, information of physical examination, clinical features including cognitive change and co-morbidities were recorded.
Results: A total number of 210 patients were included in this study. Motor vehicle related accident was 56.2% cases. About 21.4% cases of them were assaulted (physically), 12.9% cases of them were fall from the height. About 58.0% patients were normal cognition; 22.0% cases were mild cognitive impairment; 17.6% cases were moderate cognitive impairment and only 2.0% cases were severe cognitive impairment during discharge. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) during admission after resuscitation around 78.0% cases were moderate head injury and 22.0% cases were mild head injury. About 47.14% patients had single or multiple cerebral hemorrhagic contusion; 13.8% patients had traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; 8.6% cases had thin layer of subdural hematoma; 6.2% cases had epidural hematoma;
Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury patients have mostly due to road traffic accidents and are presented with cerebral hemorrhagic contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):105-111
Comparison of 3D-Computed Tomographic Angiography with Digital Subtraction Angiography for Detection of aneurysms among Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhagic Patients
Authors: Mohammad Rumi Jalal Uddin , Haleem Mohammad Aftab , Ahammed Md Bashir , Arifin Samsul , Islam Md Rakibul , Chowdhury Forhad Hossain 
Published: January 2023

Background: Detection of aneurysms among spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhagic patients is a crucial issue for management.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the findings of 3D-computed tomographic angiography with digital subtraction angiography for detection of aneurysms among spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhagic patients.
Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery and Cath Lab of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with private diagnostic centre from September 2013 to February 2015 for a period of six (06) months. Adult patients diagnosed as a case of spontaneous SAH based on clinical features and confirmed by plain CT evidence of subarachnoid blood were included as study cases. Then both CTA and DSA were done in order to detect the cause of bleeding and make a treatment planning. All spiral CTAs were performed on a helical CT-Scan. Four vessels DSA were performed via a femoral approach in DMCH Cath Lab.
Result: A total number of 37 patients presented with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage were recruited for this study. CT Angiogram revealed aneurysm in 30(81.08%) patients. AVM found in 02(05.41%) patients and in 5(13.51%) patients CTA was negative for any abnormality. DSA of 37 patients revealed aneurysm in 32(86.49%) patients, AVM in 02(05.41%) patients and negative findings in 03(8.11%) patients. In CT Angiogram 25(67.57%) patients had single aneurysm. In DSA, 27(72.97%) patients had single aneurysm. The mean of the size of the aneurysms in CTA and DSA were in 6.70±3.04 mm and 6.75±2.94 mm (p>0.05). The mean of the neck width of the aneurysms in CTA and DSA were 3.86±2.06 mm and 3.41±1.67 mm (p>0.05). All aneurysm detected in CTA were also revealed in DSA.
Conclusion: In conclusion the size, neck width and the location of aneurysm are detected in CTA and DSA equally without any statistical significant difference.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):121-125
Clinical and Electroencephalographic Pattern and Short-Term Outcome to Treatment in Infantile Spasm: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nahar Sumi Most Samsun , Sultana Razia , Khatun Sufia , Jahan Chowdhury Mohammad Shah , Hussain Mohammad Enayet , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan , Saha Narayan 
Published: January 2023

Background: Infantile spasms (epileptic spasm) is an epileptic encephalopathy with unique clinical and electrographic features, which affects children mostly in the middle of the first year of life.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and electroencephalographic profile and short-term outcome in infantile spasm.
Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trial study done in Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Institute of Neuroscience & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The patient of infantile spasm aged 2 months to 2 years were enrolled in the study from June 2017 to May 2018. With parent’s written informed consent, they were randomized into two groups, 25 in each. One group got ACTH only and another group got both ACTH and vigabatrin. Detailed history including seizure pattern was taken. EEG was done before and after2 -3 weeks of starting treatment. They were followed up at 8, 15, 43 days.
Results: The mean age of onset of seizure (mean ±SD) was 7.24±4.13 (2 to 19) month on hormonal therapy and 6.84±5.89 (2 to 22) month on combination therapy. Most patient had history of perinatal birth asphyxia, developmental delay, seizure pattern was flexor spasm and EEG pattern were predominantly classical hypsarrhythmia in both groups. After treatment cessation of spasms occurred between 14 to 42 days in 72.0% in combination therapy and 44% in hormonal therapy (P value=0.045). EEG became normal in 60.0% and 32.0% patients in combination and hormonal therapy respectively (P value =0.047).
Conclusion: In conclusion combination therapy of ACTH hormone plus vigabatrin has better than ACTH therapy alone in cessation of clinical spasms and electroencephalographic remission.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):130-135
Complications Associated with Nasogastric Tube Feeding among Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman GM Hafizur , Siddiq Amanullah Bin , Ul Taslima Al Asma , Mustafijur Rahman Hossain Muhammad , Ahmed Faruque 
Published: January 2023

Background: Many stroke patients develop swallowing difficulty and require nasogastric feeding for the maintenance of nutrition.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the complications of nasogastric tube feeding practice on stroke patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2014 to September 2014 in the Department of Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years with stroke was enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of stroke was established by the clinical presentation and neuroimaging. Patients requiring nasogastric tube feeding was included in the study and were systematically examined for any complications related to use of nasogastric tube. Their caregivers were also thoroughly interviewed using a standard pre formed questionnaire regarding any complications as well.
Results: Of the 100 patients studied, most common age group for stroke was 51 to 60 years (53.0%). Male to female ratio was 2.22:1. In this study population, 63.0% patients had ischaemic stroke; 26.0% had haemorrhagic stroke; 9.0% population had subarachnoid haemorrhage. The most common indication for NG feeding was difficulty in swallowing (39.0%). Other common indications were semi-consciousness (26%), unconsciousness (22.0%), inability to maintain feed (10.0%). Around 71.0% of the patients had complications from NG tube feeding. Out of them, 53.0% of the patients had nasal irritation, 40.0% patients developed aspiration pneumonia. 38.0% of the patients developed diarrhea, 53.0% had tube blockage. 43.0% of the patients had electrolyte imbalance and tube displacement, 18.0% of the patients were malnourished.
Conclusion: In conclusion nasogastric tube feeding is associated with various complications which can increase the morbidities in stroke patients.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):136-142