bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality of Children and Classroom Bullying: The Role of Parental Physical and Psychological Aggressio
Authors: Syed  Afzal Shah  
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To explore the impact of parental aggression (physical and psychological) on classroom bullying and to explore the effect of parental aggression on personality traits viz. neuroticism, extraver- sion, and agreeableness factors of personality of secondary school students.
Method: A survey was conducted in the secondary schools of Mansehra, Abbotabad, and Haripur dis- tricts of Hazara Division from October, 2013 to March, 2014. A sample of 1438 students was selected to collect data by using three questionnaires. One questionnaire was about bullying while the other was about parental aggression. The third questionnaire was about the big five factors (BFF) of per- sonality and focused on only three factors of personality viz. extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeable- ness. This questionnaire was adopted. Analysis of collected datawas done through descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, whereas for the prediction of effect of independent vari- able on dependent variable, multiple regression model using SPSS version 20.
Results: The mean and standard deviation value of physical aggression of parents was (3.96 ± 1.23) while that of psychological aggression was (3.97 ± 1.08). Additionally, the education level of father was negatively correlated with their physical aggression (r= -0.29, a= 0.000) as well as psychological aggression (r=- 0.28, a= 0.000). Similarly, mothers' level of education was significantly negatively cor- related with both physical aggression (r= -0.16, a= 0.000) and psychological aggression (r= -0.14, a= 0.000). The results further indicated that parental physical aggression (b= 0.16, t= 5.20, a= 0.000) positively predicted classroom bullying. Moreover, parental psychological aggression proved as signifi- cant negative predictor of extraversion (r= -0.067, a= 0.021), whereas parental psychological aggression demonstrated significant positive predictor of neuroticism (r= 0.106, a= 0.001).
Conclusion: A high level of aggression both physical and psychological is expressed by parents against their adolescent children. Among them, more educated parents use less aggression towards their children. This physical and psychological aggression from parents cause damaging effects on extraversion factor of personality while psychological cause neurotic tendencies in secondary school students.
Child-Pugh Score Predicts Mortality Better than Model of End Stage Liver Disease: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Periphery of Karachi
Authors: Ashok Kumar  , Ajeet Kumar  , Syeda Urooj Riaz  , Rajesh Kumar  , Muhammad Ishaq Ghauri  , Naresh Kumar Setlani  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To observe the scores of the model of end-stage liver diseaseand Child-Pugh (CP) scores on hospital admission in patients of cirrhosis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, in 6 months from September 17th to March 18th, using non-probabil- ity convenience sampling was conducted, in which we inducted 165 patients with diagnosed cirrhotic liver disease in aninpatient department. We noted the demographics and staged the patient for chronic liver disease according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification using ascites, encephalopathy, prothrombin time, serum albumin and serum bilirubin levels and compared it with MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score using serum bilirubin, creatinine and change in INR. We predicted the outcome of patient according to both scores.
Results: Out of 165 patients, 127 (76.96%, 84 males and 43 females) patients improved, while 38 (23.04%, 29 males and 9 females) patients expired. Correlation of CP and MELD scores was done by Pearson's bivariate correlation test and it gave the correlation coefficient of 0.626 with highly signifi- cant value of p<0.0001. The area under curve (AUC) was slightly more for CP (0.961) as compared to MELD (0.911).
Conclusion: The MELD score compared to the CP score does not appear to offer a clear advantage in predicting mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, but comparatively CP score per- formed better than the MELD with significantly higher AUC.
Determining the Relationship Between Motivation Towards Learning and Academic Performance Among Medical Students
Authors: Khursheed Anwer  , Qasim Saleem  , Qurrat-Ul-Ain Mehfooz  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find out significant parameters to measure student's learning motivation and examine their relationship with academic performance.
Methods: A quantitative correlational study was conducted on 225 MBBS students from May 2018 to June 2018 to examine above mentioned relationship. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw sample out of accessible population. Data were collected after informed consent from stu- dents using a demographic survey and Modified Archer's Health Professions Motivation Survey (MAHPMS). Information regarding student's scores in their professional examinations was obtained from examination department with due permission. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 21. Pearson co-efficient of co-relation of four scales of MAHPMS and scores of students were calculated. Scatter plots were used to calculate relationship for each scale of MAHPMS i.e. goal orientation, preference for difficult or easy task, learning strategies and locus of control (independent variables) and marks of students (dependent variable).
Results: Goal orientation and marks were 91.7% positively correlated, preference for difficult or easy was 45.6% positively correlated with marks, learning strategies and marks were 48.2% and locus of control and marks were 25.7% positively correlated.
Conclusion: Results of the study confirmed that there is positive relationship between student's learning motivation as measured by four sub-scales of MAHPMS and academic performance of students as measured by marks.
Frequency and Pattern of Dyslipidaemia in Pakistani Females with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Shazia Nazar  , Ambreen Qamar  , Hira Ahmed  , Shazia Fahmi  , Afshan Mehboob  , Wajiha Iffat  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of lipid abnormalities in diagnosed female patients of coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to August 2016. A total of 300 female patients of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), diagnosed on the basis of angiography were in- cluded in the study. For detection of lipid profile abnormalities five ml of fasting venous sample of 10-
12 hours was obtained from the left median cubital vein under aseptic conditions. The blood was centrifuged for 5 minutes. Automated chemistry analyzer was used for lipid profile measurement via kits of the CYPRESS Laboratory (Langdorp, Belgium). Statistical analysis was done via SPSS version 17 and results were expressed as percentage and mean ± standard deviation.
Results: Mean age of recruited females was 51.36 ± 13.71 years. About 81.39% of patients were found with abnormal lipid profile. The frequency of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in studied population was 61.66%, high triglycerides 19.33% whereas; high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 17.33% respectively. Combined two parameter dyslipidaemia patterns was found in 41.32% fol- lowed by mixed dyslipidaemia in 19.33%, while isolated high-density lipoprotein hypocholesteraemia in 12.00% of study population.
Conclusion: We conclude that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, in both combined and isolated pattern, are more prevalent in Pakistani females with CAD.The data from the current study may increase the knowledge of the guidelines for lipid low- ering need in females.
Effect of Chorioamnionitis on Neonatal Outcome: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Atika Sher  , Syed Kashif Abbas  , Shiyam Sunder Tikmani  , Falak Abro  , Muhammad Jameel Ashraf  
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chorioamnionitis on neonatal outcome.
Methods: This cross-section descriptive study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi from June 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016. Neonates (infants < 28 days of age) with maternal risk factors indicative of chorioamnionitis (maternal febrile illness in last trimester, high WBC count in maternal blood, lower abdominal pain or tenderness, and foul-smelling discharge) were included in the study. The neonates with an inborn error of metabolism and congenital anomalies were excluded from this study. The neonates were further categorized by gestational age as a term (gestational age >37 weeks) and preterm (gestational age <37 weeks). The neonatal outcome is classified into binary categories; dead or alive. Data were recorded by the data collectors in the predesigned proforma. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: During the study period, 1200 women delivered a singleton baby, out of which 400 were admitted at NICU. Of 400 infants, a total of 68 neonates of mothers with the indication of chorioamnionitis were enrolled in the study. The mean age of enrolled neonates was 2.55 ± 1.22 days. Out of 68 neonate babies, 33 (48.5%) were males and 35 (51.5%) were females. Only 43 (63%) were delivered, pre-term babies. The morbidities identified were respiratory distress syndrome (33.8%), sepsis (27.9%), intraventricular hemorrhage (10.3%), persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns (11.8%) and necrotizing enterocolitis (7.4%). A total of 16 (23.5%) neonates died. Out of 16 newborns who died, 32.6% were preterm and 8% were born at term. It was noted that weight, body mass index, fronto-occipital circumference, and gestational age were significant contributors to the mortality.
Conclusion: In conclusion, chorioamnionitis is an important contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. The neonates of a mother with indications of chorioamnionitis are at an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
Orthodontic retention protocol - A review
Authors: Alnazeh Abdullah 
Published: February 2023

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry which deals with malalignment of teeth and facial skeleton. The mechanics of fixed appliance therapy completely relies on retention of orthodontic appliance. Retention is the phase of Orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in corrected position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without the phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position. Hence it is very necessary to prevent relapse. It depends on many factors. Every orthodontic patient should wear retention appliances to prevent relapse. This review article in detail discusses the protocol of retention and various factors affecting it.
IAA, GAD65 AND IA2 Antibodies In Type 1 Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dr Yasir Naqi Khan  , Dr Muhammad Ashfaq  , Dr Bader-u-Nisa  , Dr Mehrunnisa Yasir  , Dr Hira Waseem  , Kanpurwala Muhammad Adnan 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated, prolonged metabolic disorder that leads to hyperglycemia and it occurrs due to complete deficiency of insulin with or with insulin resistance. The most common type of DM in children and adolescents is Type-1 DM (T1DM). The aim of this study was to determine the associations of IAA, GAD65 and IA-2A antibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus with age, gender and duration of disease.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in the NICH hospital at the department of endocrinology and diabetes by using non probability consecutive sampling technique, after taking ethical approval. The duration of the study was one year. A total of 143 patients with clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( ?1 year to ?20 years of age, regardless of the duration of the disease) were selected for the study. All study subjects were investigated for pancreatic autoimmune markers (GAD65, IA-2A, IAAs). Pearson’s Chi square test was applied to evaluate the association.
Results: A total of 143 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were enrolled for this study wherein 71(49.7%) were males and 72(50.3%) were females. Regarding the distribution of positivity of autoantibodies, 27(18.9%) had AntiInsulin IgG, 63(44.1%) had GAD65, 47(32.9%) had IA-2A and only 5(3.5%) had grey zone. There was a significant association was reported (p<0.001) in duration of diabetes and with IAA. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association with (p=0.003) duration of diabetes and frequency of IA-2A.
Conclusion: This study concluded that presence of autoantibodies such as insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 were found to be predominant in males than females although it was not significantly associated with age and gender. Additionally, presence of insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies, Insulin autoantibodies significantly associated with the duration of disease.
Divalent Metal Ions; Key factor towards Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ashfaq Ahsan , Taseer Ahmed Khan  , Fatima Sadia 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In tuberculosis disease infection, trace elements perform a significant role as their insufficiencies may be related to weakened immunity. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic profile and divalent metal Ions in Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculosis individuals.
Methodology: This case control study was carried out on 345 subjects. Patients were grouped into two categories i.e. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (cases group) with 115 patients and without Pulmonary Tuberculosis (control group) with 230 subjects. Demographic and dietary profile was recorded through already designed proforma. 4 to 5 ml sterile gel tube was used to collect blood samples. The samples, which were then centrifuged, and the serum were examined to check the levels of iron and copper. Data was evaluated using SPSS version 25.
Results: Male patients are more likely to have TB in comparison of female patient. In comparison of patient with normal serum copper, patient with serum copper below normal are less likely for TB and patient with serum copper above normal are more likely to develop TB. Patient with serum iron below normal are also more likely to develop TB in comparison of patients with normal serum iron.
Conclusion: Male patients in productive age groups were commonly affected with tuberculosis. In Tuberculosis patients, we found low serum iron concentrations along with significantly high concentration of serum of copper when compared to healthy controls. Subsequently, low iron concentrations synergistically with increased serum copper levels may increase the human susceptibility to the infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Iron, Copper ,BMI, Nutritional status.
Significance Of Student's Feedback In The Development Of Dental Curriculum: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sheikh Qaiser Masud , Ghafoor Muhammad Wajahat , Jameel Rafey Ahamd , Chaudhry Sabahat Yasmin Ghafoor , Ejaz Sumera , Masood Minal 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study is to understand the significance of student’s feedback as a stakeholder so that we can incorporate their feedback in the development of Dental Curriculum.
Methods:
A qualitative explorative study was done a; duration was 6 months i.e. from 6th Feb to 18th Aug 2017. We conducted a two session focus group discussion (FGD) with likewise graded students as per their exam scores i.e. high achieving (75-85%) and low achieving groups (55-66%) in Oral Biology. A total of 14 students took part in the Focus Group Discussion FGD sessions.
Results:
Six common themes on which students expressed their reservations are as follows;

i) Teaching approach, ii) Issues regarding 1st year BDS education, iii) Teachers/Students collaboration, iv) Faculty qualification/experience status, v) Impact of student’s input in curriculum development and vi) Absence of collaborative sessions.

All these points that were emphasized by the student’s feedback about curriculum, teachers and assessment modes are critical for better learning.
Conclusion:
As per our study findings, integrating multiple teaching approaches and emphasizing on students feedback is significant for dental curriculum development.
Sutureless and Glue Free Conjunctival Autograft in Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Taqi Uzma , Shahid Erum 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of the study is to report a newer technique of pterygium excision followed by suture less and glue free conjunctival autograft for its complications and recurrence rate.
METHODS: This prospective and quassi experimental study was carried out at Baqai medical university hospital, Karachi from January 2016 to December 2016. This study consists of 30 eyes of 22 patients, above 15 years of age with primary progressive Pterygium of 2 mm or more in size and interfering with the vision. All the patients were operated under sub tenon’s anesthesia, Pterygium was excised with surgical blade followed by suture less and glue free conjunctival autograft from superior limbus. Primary outcomes measures included graft loss, granuloma and any other complications noted within six months. Recurrence was also noted at 6 months.
RESULTS: There were 30 eyes of 22 patients. There were 4 females (18.18%) and 18 male patients (81.81%). The mean age was 31.28 years ± 9.4 SD. Right eye was seen in 16 (53%) cases. Graft lost was recorded in 1 patient (4.5%), conjunctival pyogenic granuloma in 1 patient (4.5%) and graft retraction was seen in 1 (4.5%) case. Recurrence rate was none at 6 months post operatively.
CONCLUSION: Conjunctival autograft without suture and glue is a new and simple technique that can be done with minimal expenses and limited resources. It has fewer complications and no recurrence.
Association of Clinicopathological Factors with Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Zareef Uzma , Razi Afifa , Imad Rehan , Iqbal Atif 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the association of clinicopathological factors with radiation induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck carcinoma .
Methodology
This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Neurospine and Cancer Institute, Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed non-metastatic carcinoma histologically, age range of > 20 and 70 years, patients requiring radical radiotherapy showing visible oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in the field of radiation (55 to 66 Gray). The exclusion criteria were: history of more than one tumour recurrence; prior history of radiation to the head and neck region; atypical liver and renal function; unusual haematological status; other deliberated medical conditions. Non-probability convenience sampling was used for assesment of oral mucositis. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 23.
Results:
A total of 30 patients were included. The mean age was 43 years (25-70 years) and 76.7% were males. Right sided buccul mucosa was most common primary tumor site, 70% cases belongs to middle-class families with 90% has no previous family history. Histological grade 2 and grade 2 and grade 3 mucositis was mostly reported. Tobacco chewing and betel nut chewing is the most common habit. The most common site affected is buccul mucosa, followed by the cheek and tongue. It has been observed that TNM staging and histological grading have shown significance in cases of oral mucositis.
Conclusion:
This study concludes that the oral mucositis is significantly associated with TNM staging and histological grading of tumors. Male gender, elderly age, middle to low socioeconomic status, tobacco and betal nut chewing , right sided buccal mucosa and stage II TNM staging. Grade 2 and grade 3 oral mucositis was the most frequent clinicopathological factors associated with the development of head and neck cancer. Although previous family is not very frequent in our study population.
Clinicopathological Pattern of Gynecological Malignancies at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Perveen Shakira , Mala Jai 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To view current clinicopathological pattern of gynecological malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods: This is a retrospective research performed in the department of obstetrics and gynecology unit 1 from January 2020 to December 2021. All cases of gynecological malignancies irrespective of age, race and cast were included for study. Around 164 cases with clinical or radiological diagnosis of malignancy were admitted for gynecological malignancy work up. Out of them 42 were confirmed on histopathology of biopsy or resected specimen. Patients with gestational trophoblastic disease and metastatic malignancies from another primary site were excluded. Data of these confirmed 42 cases fulfilling exclusion and inclusion criteria was included for study. Relevant data on pre-designed Performa was tabulated and histopathology according to WHO histological classification system.
Results: Out of 164 cases of suspected gynecological malignancy 42 histopathological confirmed cases were selected for study. Frequency of gynecological malignancies out of 885 gynecological ad- mission is 4.7%. Ovarian cancers were commonest gynecological malignancy (54.7%), followed by cervical cancer (19.04%), uterine cancer (16.66%), and vulvar /vaginal cancers (9.5%). In ovarian can- cers epithelial cancers were (86.9%) and (13.04%) were non-epithelial. In epithelial (65%) serous, (15%) mucinous and (20%) were other less common types. In non-epithelial were dysgerminoma (66.66%) and (33.33) sex cord stromal cancers. In cervical (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma. In uterine (85.7%) were adenocarcinoma and (14.28%) were leiomyosarcoma. In vaginal cancers (50%) squamous cell carcinoma and (50%) was melanoma. In vulvar cancers all (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: Ovarian cancer is commonest gynecological malignancy in our study. Common age group, parity, clinical presentation and histopathology is comparable with studies. Majority of cases came late in advanced stage of disease.