bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Effect of Large Subgroup Sizes on Overdispersion and Using Laney’s P’ Chart to Monitor Overdispersed Data
Authors: Fahmy Muhammad M M , Al-Tehewy Mahi M , Moustafa Moustafa E , Kandeel Sahar K I 
Published: August 2023

Background
The traditional Shewhart’s P chart is an important statistical process control tool that’s used to monitor processes that yield binary data. However, it has been known for showing a high rate of false alarms (i.e. overdispersion) when handling data with large subgroup sizes. Large subgroup sizes were usually considered to be the cause of overdispersion while no solid evidence actually exists to support this believe. In an effort to manage overdispersion Laney’s P’ chart was proposed in 2002 as a superior alternative to the traditional P chart. And the P chart diagnostic test was also introduced in some software packages to detect any overdispersion in the data and to recommend the suitable chart.

Aim
In this study we aimed at exploring the effect of large subgroup sizes on the overdispersion of data and we also attempted to test Laney’s P’ chart and the P chart diagnostic test in detecting and handling overdispersed data.

Method
An Experimental study was conducted using a single set of real data in addition to nine sets of simulated data with variable characteristics. All data sets were used to perform the P chart diagnostic test and to plot Shewhart P chart and Laney’s P’ chart.

Results
Large subgroup sizes proved to have no effect on binomially distributed data but if the data is not truly binomial, increasing the subgroup sizes will exaggerate overdispersion. In this case using Laney’s P’ chart will successfully resolve the problem.

Conclusion
The problem of overdispersion is not due to large subgroup sizes rather than it’s due to the false assumption that the data follows a binomial distribution when it frequently doesn’t. An ideal remedy for this problem is to discover a better fitting distribution for the data.
Till then Laney’s P’ chart is a practical and capable remedy.

Recommendations
The P chart diagnostic tool should be used to detect any overdispersion before using Shewhart’s P chart. And if overdispersion is detected Laney’s P’ chart is a recommended alternative. We also recommend Further study of the performance of Laney’s P’ chart and other suggested distributions that can outperform the binomial distribution as a basis for the P chart.
Reliability of MRI in Pre-Therapeutic Assessment of Tumor Depth Invasion in Oral Cavity Carcinoma
Authors: Abdelaziz Tougan T , Raafat Wafaa , Fahim Reham M , Elsayed Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Background
Head and neck carcinomas account for 5% of all cancers, with approximately half of those arising from the oral cavity, thus creating a significant health problem. Accurate loco-regional staging determines the appropriate treatment plan and subsequently favorable outcome and disease prognosis.

Patients & Methods
20 patients (12 females and 8 male) were included in this study. Conventional MRI, diffusion MRI and Dynamic contrast MRI were performed for local and nodal disease staging. MRI staging was correlated to operative histopathology as a reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy was estimated for MRI techniques.

Results
Results revealed high accuracy of MRI in local tumor and nodal staging.

Conclusion
MRI remains the cornerstone in loco-regional staging of tongue carcinoma. DCE-MRI is the most accurate MRI technique in evaluation of local extension and depth of invasion. Combination of DCE-MRI and DWI-MRI achieves highest accuracy for detection of regional nodal spread.
Correlation between ADC Values and Split Renal Function by Renal Isotope Scan in Assessment of Nephropathy
Authors: Mustafa Dina Nabil Hassan , Elhifnawy Suzan Bahig Ali , El Din Hussein Rasha Salah 
Published: August 2023

Background
Early assessment of renal structure and function is crucial for the proper management and treatment of renal disease. DW-MRI show the Brownian motion of water molecules using the ADC values yielding information on water diffusion in the extracellular and extravascular space and capillary perfusion.

Aim of the Work
to study the ability of DWI in assessing and evaluating the individual renal function by correlating the ADC values calculated with split GFR obtained from dynamic renal scan among cases and healthy control group.

Patients and Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients and 30 control healthy group. Both MR examination and dynamic renal scan were performed on 30-case group, only MR examination was done on 30-healthy control group. DWI (b = 0, 200, 800 s/mm2) was done on 1.5T MRI unit. ADC map was calculated for every kidney. Split GFRs were measured from 99-Tcm DTPA scintigraphy.

Results
our study revealed that ADC values of normal control group is lower than that of case group. Cut off value of ADC, that discriminate between case and control group (using average ADC value of both kidneys), was ≤2.1 x10-3 mm2/s with Sensitivity = 87% and Specificity = 47%. We classified renal dysfunction, according to the total GFR measured from the dynamic renal scan and comparing it with the standard normalized GFR ranges according to age and sex in to 3 groups : suboptimal, decompensated and deteriorated renal dysfunction, the mean ADC values were 2.07 ± 0.21, 2.01 ± 0.13 and 1.45 ± 0.19 x10-3 mm2/s respectively.

Conclusion
There is a positive relationship between the ADC values and split GFR. DWI has a potential value for evaluating individual renal function, and may provide functional and morphological information at the same time.
Comparison of Digital Mammography with Tomosynthesis and Ultrasound to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Post Operative Scarring and Locoregional Recurrence of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Eman Khaled Ahmed Elmahdy , Habib Lobna Abdel Moneim , Barakat Mai Mokhtar Kamal 
Published: August 2023

Background
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer associated death in women. It is the most common type of cancer in women and the third cause of cancer associated death in Egypt.

Aim of the Study
Our study aims to evaluate the role of digital breast tomosynthesis with complementary ultrasound compared to magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of post-operative changes and loco regional recurrence of breast cancer.

Patients and Methods
A Cross sectional study was approved by the ethics review board of Ain Shams University Hospitals. All MR imaging were conducted at the Department of Radiology at Ain-Shams University. Thirty patients who were surgically treated by conservative breast surgery were included in our study from March2021 to September 2021 according to the regulations of the ASU ethical committee. The resultant BIRADS were subsequently correlated with the final results by histopathology.

Results
In our study DBT with complementary US showed greater sensitivity (100 %) than MRI (80 %), yet it revealed lower specificity(96%) than MRI (100%). DBT with complementary ultrasound show a higher NPV (100%)but lower PPV (83. 3%) than MRI (96.1%) (100%) respectively. However, both of them revealed comparable accuracy: DBT with us (96.6%) and MRI (96.6%).

Conclusion
MRI has a lot of technical errors that limit its results and increase its numerous pitfalls. DBT with complementary ultrasound are a powerful imaging modalities that can be used to detect any recurrence in patients who are surgically treated for breast cancer with higher sensitivity and higher NPV than MRI and both of them revealed comparable accuracy.So, the use of these modalities enhance diagnosis of surgically treated breast cancer for early detection of recurrence.
Advances in Management of Osteoid Osteoma by Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Hetta Waleed , Khattab Rasha Tolba , El Hakim Mohamed Hamdy Mounir Abd 
Published: August 2023

Background
Osteoid Osteoma is a benign painful skeletal neoplasm which is usually smaller than 1.5 cm. Surgery has been considered its standard treatment, currently, Percutaneous CT-guided Radiofrequency Ablation is proved to be the treatment of choice in such cases.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of spinal and non-spinal osteoid osteomas, technical requirements needed for safe radiofrequency ablation and recent advances in this respect.

Patients and Methods
This study is a retrospective study conducted on patients with osteoid osteoma who underwent Radiofrequency ablation from January 2019 till July 2020 at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Maadi Military Hospital and El Galaa Military Hospital, followed by postprocedure computed tomography (CT) follow up.

Results
Location, calcification of the nidus, coagulation time, lesion size, and previous treatment are dependent risk factors compared regarding outcome.

Conclusion
We concluded that CT-guided RFA is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment for spinal and extra-spinal osteoid osteoma and is easily repeatable after unsuccessful treatment. Surgery should be reserved for lesions causing nerve root compression in spinal lesions.
The Time Course of Lung Changes on Chest CT during Recovery Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia
Authors: Ali Mohamed Abdelaziz , Zedan Nehal Sayed Mohamed , El atty Elsayed Muhammad Gamal Abd 
Published: August 2023

Background
COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease that has been spreading widely worldwide. Early diagnosis is an essential disease management strategy. However, insufficient laboratory kits caused a challenge and dramatic dissemination of the disease.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the work is to describe the change in chest CT findings associated with COVID-19 pneumonia from initial diagnosis until patient recovery.

Patients and Methods
This was a retrospective study that included 30 patients who had Symptoms of variable degree of fever, cough, and dyspnea with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection at Ain Shams University Hospitals referred to the Radiodiagnosis Department for HRCT chest examination. An acceptance from the ethical committee of the Radiology Department and the ethical committee of Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University was obtained to use the data stared on PACs system with the patient’s consent waived being a retrospective study.

Results
The distribution of lesions and major CT findings were compared at the four stages of recovery. Overall, subpleural lesions were more common than central lung lesions. The majority of patients had bilateral lung involvement during the course of the disease.

Conclusion
The typical pattern of most involved cases mainly starts as small subpleural bilateral or unilateral GGO mainly within the lower lobes which later develop crazy paving pattern & subsequent consolidation. After more than 2weeks, the lesions are gradually absorbed with residual faint GGO & subpleural parenchymal bands.
Comparison of a Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging & T2* Mapping of Articular Cartilage in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Shaimaa Shawky M , El-Sharkawy Mohsen Gomaa , Sakr Hossam Moussa , Mansour Mohamed G 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To detect the knee articular cartilage lesions in T2* mapping as compared to a routine standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T.

Material and Methods
Twenty-five patients, complaining of knee pain and trauma, underwent knee MRI and were imaged with a standard knee MRI protocol (proton-density-weighted Fat Sat sagittal and axial series, T2weighted sagittal and axial series, and T1-weighted coronal series) and Proton density 3D sagittal and axial sequences are added, then images of T2* relaxation time is generated with color-coded mapping representing the relaxation time. The detected lesions were evaluated for lesion width (mm), lesion depth (1/3, 2/3, or 3/3 of cartilage thickness), and T2 values (20–40 ms, 40–60 ms, or 60– 80 ms).

Results
The study was conducted on 25 patients (13 female & 12 male with a mean of 44.92 ± 11.74 years). 87 lesions were detected both on MRI and T2 maps, while 41 lesions were visible only on T2* maps.
The cartilage lesions’ width and depth measurements showed no statistically significant difference on T2 maps as compared to standard knee MRI. Many lesions (45) had moderately (T2 40–60 ms) increased T2 values, while 29 lesions had slightly (T2 20–40 ms) and 13 lesions with remarkably (T2 60– 80 ms) increased T2 relaxation times.

Conclusion
T2 mapping of articular cartilage is efficient in cartilage evaluation and may reveal early cartilage lesions not visible on standard clinical MRI.
Role of Imaging in Diagnosis of Neurological Complications of COVID-19
Authors: Elia Remon Zaher , Abdelaziz Karim Ahmed , Gelany Toqa Hosni Abuzaid 
Published: August 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue after its emergence in December 2019. Despite its most characteristic symptom of respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 have also shown neurologic manifestations.

Aim of the Work
To investigate the yield of neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19 undergoing CT or MR imaging of the brain and to describe associated imaging findings.

Patients and Methods
A descriptive cross–sectional study conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals over a course of eight months from December 2020 to July 2021. All patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who presented with neurological symptoms and underwent neuroimaging were included.

Results
39 patients were included in the study, with both adults (84.6%) and children (15.4%). Acute ischemic stroke is found to be the most common complication among adult group (48.5%) followed by Post-covid invasive fungal sinusitis (45.5%). Among the children, the neurological complications are rare but severe including vasculitis (50%), infarctions (33.3 %), cerebritis (16.7 %), venous sinus thrombosis (16.7 %), PRES (16.7 %) and non-specific white matter signal abnormality (16.7 %).

Conclusion
COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system. However, neurological involvement is not uncommon and can result in serious complications if not detected and managed early. These complications in some cases can even precede the respiratory symptoms or may be the only symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required while dealing with such cases for proper treatment and prevention.
Role of En Bloc Resection in Staging of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Shorbagy Amr Fekry Al , Azazy Samir Sayed Muhammad , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed , Mohammed Alaa Sobhy , Shorbagy Ahmed Amr Fekry Al 
Published: August 2023

Background
Among cancers affecting both sexes, bladder cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer globally, and in the top 5 in prevalence in individual countries of all income levels and all regions enbloc resection approach of bladder tumors has a great effect in staging bladder tumors that help in early management of bladder tumors.

Objective
to review systematically studies whether en bloc resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) could improve the identification of muscularis mucosa (MM) and muscle properia.

Patients and Methods
We searched PubMed, Google scholar search engine, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, EMBASE and science Direct, using the following Keywords “bladder tumors, enbloc resection, transurethral resection,”. The mentioned databases were searched for studies published during the last five years

Results
Total number of patients in included studies was 1940 of which 955 (49.2%) underwent en bloc resection and 985(50.8%) underwent conventional TURBT. after analyzing available data, en bloc resection has superiority in less recurrence rate and less hospital stay and higher in staging rate.

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2022.

Data Extraction
If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

Conclusion
In our review, ERBT show that it is an effective approach with some advantages over cTURBT regarding the treatment of NMIBC. This review revealed that hospitalization time and staging rate are superior in patients treated with ERBT than cTURBT, and complication rate and 24-month recurrence rate were also lower using ERBT. Accumulating evidence indicates that ERBT improves the quality of the surgical specimens and decreases the ReTUR frequency. Based on the previous evidence we recommend that, ERBT should be adapted by more surgeons in the treatment of non muscle invasive bladder tumors.
Preoperative Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio in Predicting the Response to BCG in High Grade Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Abdallah Hany Mostafa , Radwan Ahmed Ibrahim , ElSawy Amr Ahmed Said 
Published: August 2023

Background
Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent disease affecting more than 400, 000 new cases and 165, 000 deaths yearly, it is the ninth most common cancer in the world, the 13th cause of cancer deaths and the seventh most common cancer worldwide in men with marked male predominance.

Aim of the Work
To assess the role of preoperative Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio as a predictor for the response to BCG in patients with Non-Muscle invasive Bladder Cancer in patients who underwent Trans-Uretheral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT).

Patients and Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at tertiary care hospital at Urology department, Ain Shams University hospitals from January 2020 to January 2022 and performed on a total of 46 patients with high grade non-Muscle invasive Bladder Cancer who underwent Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor and took BCG course.

Results
Study results revealed that there was a highly statistically significant relation between preoperative NLR and pathological improvement during Follow up (p-value=0.00) in addition to Tstage and histological grade during Follow up, also there is a statistically significant relation between NLR and tumor size as well as the age of the patient.

Conclusion
Pre-TURBT NLR when it is high (above 3) is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence and progression in patients with high grade NMIBC. Moreover, it is an independent predictor of disease recurrence and progression in patients treated with BCG for high grade NMIBC. Pre-TURBT NLR could be a useful blood-based biomarker to improve patients’ risk-stratification facilitating clinical decision-making regarding therapy and follow-up scheduling.
PIRADS Score 3 of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Suspicious Prostate Cancer, Is It Conclusive?
Authors: Nowier Amr , Mazhar Hesham , Salah Rasha , Shabayek Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Prostate cancer (Pca) is the second most common type of cancer in men worldwide. One of the new modalities for diagnosis is multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI). To improve the interpretation of mp-MRI, Prostate Imaging Reporting and
Data System (PI-RADS) scoring system was suggested by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR). PI-RADS score 3 was found to be equivocal by many studies. Aim of our study is analysis of demographic, clinical, and histological data of patients with PI-RADS score 3 by mp-MRI.

Methods
Fifty patients were enrolled. Full history taking, digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA, mp-MRI followed by trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy were performed for all patients. We analyzed data of the 34 patients who were proved to have prostate lesions with PI-RADS 3 score by mp-MRI.

Results
62.5% of the PI-RADS 3 lesions proved to be benign by TRUS guided biopsy, and the rest (37.5%) was detected as prostate cancer in biopsy. No statistically significant correlations were found between age, total PSA and density, prostate volume, or DRE and detection of Pca in patients with PI-RADS 3 score.

Conclusion
Lesions with score of PI-RADS 3 by mp-MRI cannot prove or exclude Pca and needs further evaluation by prostate biopsy.
Evaluation of RNA Based Biomarker Expression in Acute Kidney Injury after ESWL
Authors: Yassin Mohamed Mohamed , El Kholy Amr , Mousa Waleed , Sayed Marwa Matboli , Emam Mohamed Sahab 
Published: August 2023

Background
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was introduced more than three decades as an authentic modern modality for the treatment of urinary stone disease. It is considered first choice of treatment for nearly all kinds of urinary tract calculi.

Objective
To evaluate the damage effect of ESWL on kidney tissue by measuring non-coding lncRNA profile in serum before and after ESWL session and assess their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers for AKI and the relationship between the selected RNA based biomarker panel and clinicopathological changes of patients.

Patients and Methods
It is a prospective randomized control study assessing the damage effect of ESWL on kidney tissue by measuring non-coding lnc-RNA profile in serum before and after ESWL session(s) in 20 patients and compare it to control group of 20 healthy persons with no known urogenital disease and no known history of urologic pathology.

Results
The results favored outcomes of pre procedure lncRNA showed a statistically significant reduction after 48 hours after the procedure (p = 0.017). In comparison with control group the lncRNA showed a statistically significant difference between patients and controls at 2 hours and 48 hours after the procedure (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion
Although ESWL is considered a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of renal stone disease yet it may cause acute renal injury. In this study, serum lncRNA rises significantly following acute renal injury caused by ESWL. Hence, serum lncRNA together with other kidney function tests as serum urea, creatinine can be used as acute renal injury markers following ESWL in patients with renal stone disease.