bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Laser‐Induced Mo2CTx MXene Hybrid Anode for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bayhan Zahra , El‐Demellawi Jehad K. , Yin Jian , Khan Yusuf , Lei Yongjiu , Alhajji Eman , Wang Qingxiao , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMXenes, a fast‐growing family of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, are promising for electronics and energy storage applications. Mo2CTx MXene, in particular, has demonstrated a higher capacity than other MXenes as an anode for Li‐ion batteries. Yet, such enhanced capacity is accompanied by slow kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, it is revealed that the unstable cycling performance of Mo2CTx is attributed to the partial oxidation into MoOx with structural degradation. A laser‐induced Mo2CTx/Mo2C (LS‐Mo2CTx) hybrid anode has been developed, of which the Mo2C nanodots boost redox kinetics, and the laser‐reduced oxygen content prevents the structural degradation caused by oxidation. Meanwhile, the strong connections between the laser‐induced Mo2C nanodots and Mo2CTx nanosheets enhance conductivity and stabilize the structure during charge–discharge cycling. The as‐prepared LS‐Mo2CTx anode exhibits an enhanced capacity of 340 mAh g−1 vs 83 mAh g−1 (for pristine) and an improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 106.2% vs 80.6% for pristine) over 1000 cycles. The laser‐induced synthesis approach underlines the potential of MXene‐based hybrid materials for high‐performance energy storage applications.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Ultrathin Holey Graphdiyne Nanosheets for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hao Wenjun , Su Xinyu , Lu Shan , Wang Jiaqian , Chen Hui , Chen Qinlong , Wang Bo , Kong Xueqian , Jin Chuanhong , Han Gaorong , Han Zhongkang , Müllen Klaus , Chen Zongping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is a fascinating graphene‐like 2D carbon allotrope comprising sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. However, GDY materials synthesized by solution‐phase methods normally come as thick and porous films or amorphous powders with severely disordered stacking modes that obstruct macroscopic applications. Here, a facile and scalable synthesis of ultrathin holey graphdiyne (HGDY) nanosheets is reported via palladium/copper co‐catalyzed homocoupling of 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene. The resulting freestanding 2D HGDY self‐assembles into 3D foam‐like networks which can in situ anchor clusters of palladium atoms on their surfaces. The Pd/HGDY hybrids exhibit high electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction which outperforms that of Pt/C benchmark. Based on the ultrathin graphene‐like sheets and their unique 3D interconnected macrostructures, Pd/HGDY holds great promise for practical electrochemical catalysis and energy‐related applications.
Control of Halogen Atom in Inorganic Metal‐Halide Perovskites Enables Large Piezoelectricity for Electromechanical Energy Generation
Authors: Khan Asif Abdullah , Rana Md Masud , Wang Sasa , Fattah Md Fahim Al , Kayaharman Muhammed , Zhang Kaiping , Benedict Shawn , Goldthorpe IA , Zhou Y. Norman , Sargent Edward H. , Ban Dayan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegulating the strain of inorganic perovskites has emerged as a critical approach to control their electronic and optical properties. Here, an alternative strategy to further control the piezoelectric properties by substituting the halogen atom (I/Br) in the CsPbX3 perovskite (X = Cl, Br) structure is adopted. A series of piezoelectric materials with excellent piezoelectric coefficients (d33) are unveiled. Iodine‐incorporated CsPbBr2I demonstrates the record intrinsic piezoelectric response (d33 ≈47 pC N−1) among all inorganic metal halide perovskites. This leads to an excellent electrical output power of ≈ 0.375 mW (24.8 µW cm−2 N−1) in the piezoelectric energy generator (PEG) which is higher than those of the pristine/mixed perovskite references with CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl). With its structural phase remaining unchanged, the strained CsPbBr2I retains its superior piezoelectricity in both thin film and nanocrystal powder forms, further demonstrating its repeatability and versatility of applications. The origin of high piezoelectricity is found to be due to halogen‐induced anisotropic lattice strain in the unit‐cell along the c‐axis, and octahedral distortion. This study reveals an avenue to design new piezoelectric materials by modifying their halide constituents and paves the way to design efficient PEGs for improved electromechanical energy conversion.
CodeBERT‐Attack: Adversarial attack against source code deep learning models via pre‐trained model
Authors: Zhang Huangzhao , Lu Shuai , Li Zhuo , Jin Zhi , Ma Lei , Liu Yang , Li Ge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, the software engineering (SE) community has widely employed deep learning (DL) techniques in many source code processing tasks. Similar to other domains like computer vision and natural language processing (NLP), the state‐of‐the‐art DL techniques for source code processing can still suffer from adversarial vulnerability, where minor code perturbations can mislead a DL model's inference. Efficiently detecting such vulnerability to expose the risks at an early stage is an essential step and of great importance for further enhancement. This paper proposes a novel black‐box effective and high‐quality adversarial attack method, namely CodeBERT‐Attack (CBA), based on the powerful large pre‐trained model (i.e., CodeBERT) for DL models of source code processing. CBA locates the vulnerable positions through masking and leverages the power of CodeBERT to generate textual preserving perturbations. We turn CodeBERT against DL models and further fine‐tuned CodeBERT models for specific downstream tasks, and successfully mislead these victim models to erroneous outputs. In addition, taking the power of CodeBERT, CBA is capable of effectively generating adversarial examples that are less perceptible to programmers. Our in‐depth evaluation on two typical source code classification tasks (i.e., functionality classification and code clone detection) against the most widely adopted LSTM and the powerful fine‐tuned CodeBERT models demonstrate the advantages of our proposed technique in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, our results also show (1) that pre‐training may help CodeBERT gain resilience against perturbations further, and (2) certain pre‐training tasks may be beneficial for adversarial robustness.
Enhancing Total Optical Throughput of Microscopy with Deep Learning for Intravital Observation
Authors: Chen Runze , Peng Shiyi , Zhu Liang , Meng Jia , Fan Xiaoxiao , Feng Zhe , Zhang Hequn , Qian Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe significance of performing large‐depth dynamic microscopic imaging in vivo for life science research cannot be overstated. However, the optical throughput of the microscope limits the available information per unit of time, i.e., it is difficult to obtain both high spatial and temporal resolution at once. Here, a method is proposed to construct a kind of intravital microscopy with high optical throughput, by making near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II, 900–1880 nm) wide‐field fluorescence microscopy learn from two‐photon fluorescence microscopy based on a scale‐recurrent network. Using this upgraded NIR‐II fluorescence microscope, vessels in the opaque brain of a rodent are reconstructed three‐dimensionally. Five‐fold axial and thirteen‐fold lateral resolution improvements are achieved without sacrificing temporal resolution and light utilization. Also, tiny cerebral vessel dilatations in early acute respiratory failure mice are observed, with this high optical throughput NIR‐II microscope at an imaging speed of 30 fps.
High‐performance thin layer chromatography method development, validation, and assessment of enzymatic inhibition potential of Potentilla fulgens hydroalcoholic roots extract
Authors: Chaudhary Sushil Kumar , Kar Amit , Bhardwaj Pardeep Kumar , Sharma Nanaocha , Mukherjee Pulok K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPotentilla fulgens is known as Himalayan Cinquefoil and Lyngniangbru, rich in polyphenolic constituents and used as folk medicine by inhabitants of northeast India. This study intended to develop and validate a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for the quantification of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract and explore its antioxidant potential, acetylcholinesterase, and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibition activity. The separation was achieved using the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1, v/v) in which the Potentilla fulgens roots extract delivered a condensed peak at RF 0.58 equivalent to catechin as a phytomarker. The amount of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract was found to be 2.01% w/w. Potentilla fulgens roots extract showed abundant 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging potential with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 43.39 ± 1.43 μg/ml and inhibited acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase in a concentration‐dependent manner against (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration 74.78 ± 1.2 and 64.02 ± 1.7 μg/ml, respectively). The developed and validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method is easy, accurate, and appropriate. These results support the use of Potentilla fulgens as folk medicine and suggest that Potentilla fulgens might be utilized as a rich source of natural antioxidants as well as acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitory agents.
Study on the gap width between the steel plate and concrete panels on behavior of the buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls
Authors: Munesi Ali , Gholhaki Majid , Sharbatdar Mohammad Kazem , Pachideh Vahid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are reckoned as one of the lateral load‐resisting systems with a high ductility and strength as well as a great energy dissipation capacity, which have been widely used in the recent years. One of the most important drawbacks of the SPSWs concerns their shear buckling due to which the behavioral parameters of this system is considerably undermined. To overcome this issue, the buckling‐restrained (BR) SPSWs have been developed, which have succeeded in resolving the drawbacks of the conventional SPSWs. This paper has investigated behavior of the BRSPSWs subjected to the cyclic loadings. To examine the nonlinear static behavior of the BRSPSWs, four experimental specimens including the specimen without concrete panel, the specimen with concrete panel and gap width equal to zero (directly connected to the steel plate) and the specimens with gap width 20 and 40 mm, were built in the laboratory with a scale of 1:2 and then subjected to the cyclic loadings. Afterwards, the specimens were numerically simulated considering the gap widths 0, 20 and 40 mm. After the process of verification, a parametric study was performed, in which cyclic performance of the specimens subjected to the reversed loadings according to ATC‐24 protocol was investigated. Based on the obtained results, the specimen without concrete panel has the lowest energy dissipation capacity, which is due to the local and lateral buckling. Additionally, the pinching phenomenon was significant in this specimen. In contrast, the specimens with gap width 20 and 40 mm exhibited an energy dissipation capacity six times greater than that of the specimens without panel or even gap. Moreover, it was observed that the shear capacity of the specimens with the concrete panels increased by nearly 50%.
Turning on the Lights with Renewable Energy: Solar PV Mini-Grid System for Lighting in Myanmar
Authors: Chen Li-Chun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMyanmar targets 100% electrification by 2030 through both of grid extension and off-grid electrification under the National Electrification Plan (NEP). Despite all the policies and plans of the government, a significant population living in remote rural areas will remain far from the nation grid and unable to afford connection fees in the distant future. The Myanmar Department of Rural Development, which is the leading government agency in implementing the off-grid component of the NEP, therefore seeks assistance from advanced countries and international societies, including Taiwan. Based on the local conditions of targeted villages, the International Cooperation Development Fund proposes a tailored pilot project for rural Myanmar. The project achieved the development goals of inclusive growth and environmental protection through access to affordable and renewable energy and demonstrated that even the poor or vulnerable groups in developing countries can contribute to a net-zero society.
The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Local Content Requirements: A Case of the Offshore Wind Power Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Yachi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study begins with a background introduction to the development of the offshore wind power industry and the local content requirement policies in Taiwan. Subsequently, it discusses the conflict and exceptions between local content requirement (LCR) policies and World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, further to probe into the pros and cons discussed in the literature about LCR policies, with particular emphasis on the energy sector. In the conclusion and policy recommendations section, the author suggests that the effectiveness of LCR policies differs across countries, and that the Taiwanese government should find its own way on a trial-and-error basis. It should also be considered that the government could align the LCR policies with the WTO framework to avoid conflict by designing them more carefully.
Defining and Explaining Irregular Migration
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Hajer Minke H. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInternational migration has become a crucial issue on the political agenda around the world. Yet it is still difficult to define the phenomenon of irregular migration precisely and to determine which immigrants exactly fall within this definition. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the issue of defining irregular migration. Moreover, it will provide various explanations for irregular migration and why it is so difficult to eradicate it in democratic states with market economies. We will identify six main reasons for the presence of irregular migrants in receiving countries, concluding that irregular migration mirrors several societal contradictions rather than being an effect of external pressure.
The Political Challenge of Irregular Migration
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Hajer Minke H. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMillions of irregular immigrants live and circulate in receiving countries, often doing so for many years. They raise many challenges for political institutions, especially in states that claim to comply with democratic standards and to respect human rights. This causes deep dilemmas about the political treatment of unwanted immigrants. In this chapter we will discuss the political treatment of irregular immigrants once they have in some way settled in receiving developed countries, considering their access to (some) social services and their selective management by authorities and societies.
Digital ist besser!? – Wie Software das Verständnis von guter Schule neu definiert
Authors: Troeger Jasmin , Zakharova Irina , Macgilchrist Felicitas , Jarke Juliane 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden die Entwicklung und der Vertrieb von Bildungstechnologien untersucht: Lernsoftware und Schulverwaltungssoftware. Gefragt wird, welche Probleme diese Software aus Sicht ihrer Softwaregestaltungsteams lösen soll, und wie dabei eine „gute Schule“ imaginiert wird. Analysiert werden Interviews mit Softwaregestaltungsteams, das heißt, Geschäftsführer*innen, Entwickler*innen, Designer*innen, Projektmanager*innen, Vertriebler*innen und weiteren an der Entwicklung und Distribution von Schulsoftware beteiligten Personen. Zwei zentrale Themenfelder werden identifiziert: Die Gestaltungsteams zielen darauf, (1) die Entlastung der schulisch relevanten Akteur*innen zu ermöglichen und (2) Eigenverantwortlichkeit an Lernende und Schulen zu übertragen. Welche Spannungen dabei entstehen und wie diese Ziele „gute Schule“ als individualisiert jedoch kollektiviert und als reibungslos jedoch spannungsreich entwerfen, wird im Fazit diskutiert. Der Beitrag skizziert zudem alternative Fluchtlinien zu anderen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten und kartiert weitere Fragen für zukünftige Forschung zur Entwicklung von digitalen Bildungstechnologien.
Introduction
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis guidebook on urban water demand management in ASEAN seeks to document and synthesise good WDM policies, measures, and practices, relevant to ASEAN stakeholders. In particular, the guidebook is expected to be useful to policymakers interested in considering non-structural (Soft approaches/non-price mechanisms such as public education campaigns and school curricula, water efficiency audits and benchmarking, outreach and communication through utility bills, etc.) approaches to water management; to regulators in monitoring and incentivising performance in the water sector; and water service providers in increasing their service efficiency.
Über Geschmack lässt sich nicht streiten?
Authors: Haars Maximilian 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird eingehend untersucht, welche auf den Erwerb von Wissen bezogene Rolle die Geschmackswahrnehmung in der Forschung zu den einzelnen Pharmaka bei dem römischen Arzt Galen von Pergamon spielt. Hierzu wird 1.) durch eine Quellenuntersuchung plausibel gemacht, dass die gegenüber seinen Vorgängern – insbesondere Dioskurides und Sextius Niger – mitunter vermehrten, detaillierteren und abweichenden Geschmacksangaben auf eigenen Forschungen Galens beruhen, 2.) die Forschungspraxis Galens rekonstruiert und 3.) die Darstellung seiner Ergebnisse in sprachlicher und logischer Hinsicht untersucht sowie die Besonderheit gegenüber der traditionellen Arzneimittellehre herausgestellt. Ausgehend davon wird dafür plädiert, a) dass der gustatorischen Wahrnehmung bei Galen eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt, die über ihre traditionell deskriptive Funktion weit hinausweist, indem er b) ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass Geschmack und Arzneimittelwirkung zusammenhängen, den Geschmacksqualitäten eine Indikatorfunktion zuweist für ein viel grundlegenderes, die Arzneimittelwirkung verursachendes Prinzip, und somit c) den Boden bereitet hat für eine auch nach Geschmacksprinzipien einteilende Pharmakognosie, die ihren Höhepunkt erst sehr viel später erreichen sollte. Mit Blick auf eine bis heute ausgeübte Praxis der gustatorischen Prüfung pflanzlicher Drogen in der Pharmazie, die wie jede andere naturwissenschaftliche Disziplin den sinnlichen Bezug zu ihrem Gegenstand ansonsten weitgehend verloren hat, möchte der Beitrag daher einen Anreiz geben, die „Geschichte pharmazeutisch-medizinischen Schmeckens“ zu studieren.
Contribution of the BioballTM head–neck adapter to the restoration of femoral offset in hip revision arthroplasty with retention of a well-fixed cup and stem
Authors: Chimeno Clara , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro Ángel , Alías Alfonso , Serra Adrià , Postnikov Yury , Combalia Andrés , Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Failure to restore the femoral offset of the native hip is a potential cause of dysfunctional hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to report our experience of using a modular head–neck adapter in revision THA, specifically analyzing its usefulness as a tool to correct a slightly diminished femoral offset.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective single-center study including all hip revisions performed at our institution from January 2017 to March 2022 where the BioBallTM head–neck metal adapter was used. The preoperative and one year follow-up modified Merle d’Aubigné hip score was used to evaluate functional outcomes.

Results
Of a total of 34 cases included for revision, the head–neck adapter system was used specifically in six patients (17.6%) to increase femoral offset, retaining both the acetabular and femoral components. In this subgroup of patients, mean offset decrease after primary THA was 6.6 mm (4.0–9.1), equivalent to a mean 16.3% femoral offset reduction. The median modified Merle d’Aubigné score went from 13.3 preoperatively to 16.2 at one year follow-up.

Conclusion
The use of a head–neck adapter is a safe and reliable procedure that may allow the surgeon to easily correct a slightly diminished femoral offset in a dysfunctional THA without the need to revise well-fixed prosthetic components.
Phase behavior and structure of a biocompatible microemulsion based on Tween 20, 2-ethylhexylglycerine and isopropyl palmitate in water
Authors: Schmidt Robert Franz , Prause Albert , Prévost Sylvain , Doutch James , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroemulsions are thermodynamically stable mixtures of water and oil. For many applications, such as in cosmetics, it is important that the components are biocompatible. For the formulation of a new biocompatible microemulsion based on Tween 20 (Tw20) surfactant, the glycerol ether 2-ethylhexylglycerin (EHG) is employed as an alternative to commonly used short- to medium chain alcohols as cosurfactant. Tw20 itself is not capable of any significant solubilization but the addition of EHG allows to enhance the solubilization capacity for the polar oil isopropyl palmitate (IPP) largely. At a Tw20 to EHG molar ratio of 1:12, i.e., very large excess of cosurfactant, the solubilization capacity is increased by nearly three orders of magnitude compared to a pure Tw20 solution. The resulting oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion is studied using static and dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The SANS spectra are analyzed with a core–shell ellipsoid model, which indicates formation of oblate droplets at higher EHG content. Dynamic light scattering experiments confirm the presence of microemulsion droplets with hydrodynamic radii increasing from 3.8 to 19.8 nm upon addition of cosurfactant. In summary, this study shows that EHG is a cosurfactant that enhances the solubilization properties of a biocompatible surfactant largely and thereby renders it very useful for formulations.
A systematic review of EEG neurofeedback in fibromyalgia to treat psychological variables, chronic pain and general health
Authors: Torres Carlos Barbosa , Barona Eloísa Julia Guerrero , Molina Mónica Guerrero , Sánchez María Elena García-Baamonde , Manso Juan Manuel Moreno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper is the first up-to-date review of the various EEG-neurofeedback treatments for fibromyalgia patients and their psychological, physiological and general health consequences. Searches were made of the PubMed, PsycNet, Google Scholar and Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines for empirical peer-reviewed articles on EEG-neurofeedback treatment of fibromyalgia, yielding a final selection of 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria: (1) published articles and doctoral theses; (2) conducted between 2000 and 2022; (3) reporting empirical and quantitative data. These articles show that there is a wide range of protocols with different designs and procedures to treat fibromyalgia using EEG-neurofeedback techniques. The main symptoms that showed improvement were anxiety, depression, pain, general health and symptom severity, whilst the most commonly used method was traditional EEG neurofeedback based on a sensorimotor rhythm protocol. It may be concluded from the review that the lack of consistency and uniqueness of the protocols makes it very difficult to generalise results, despite the individual improvements identified. This review provides instructions and information that could guide future research and clinical practise, with the data extracted helping to gain a deeper understanding of the state of the art and the needs of the technique for this population group.