bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panel composition and disparities in the topics of presentation in vascular surgery conferences
Authors: Soni Utsav , Phair John , Zekelman Leo , Mascharak Smita , Choinski Krystina , Lipsitz Evan , Koleilat Issam 
Published: January 2023

Background Previous studies identified gender disparities in surgical conference presenters and moderators. We sought to assess disparities in the representation of women in terms of speakers and moderators, but with particular emphasis on panels and topics of discussion at vascular surgery conferences. Methods Data regarding presenters and moderators from the Southern Association of Vascular Surgery, Western Vascular Society, Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Society, Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery, and Society for Vascular Surgery conferences was obtained from online meeting archives and via email correspondence. Scientific session speakers, moderators, and panelists were identified by sex. Specific vascular topics for each discussion were also identified. Keynote speakers or special guests were excluded. Results Compared to men, women were less often presenters (18% versus 82%, p < .002) and moderators (16% versus 84%, p < .001) of conference sessions. Women were most likely to present on dialysis access and least likely to present on venous disease overall. Women were more likely to present on aortic (24% vs 19%; p < .013) and cerebrovascular disease (33% vs 27%; p < .021) at regional compared to national conferences. Of panels assessed, 68% were all-male. Subgroup analysis suggests that some improvements have been made over time. Conclusions Significant disparities persist in the topics presented and in panel composition suggesting potential areas for improvement in equity. Further study should focus on evaluating trends in the training level of the presenter and the topics presented, and assessing parity in structural factors that impact research presentation opportunities.
‘Herding cats’: A mixed methods investigation into the educational value of debriefing in operating theatres
Authors: Rego Anitha , Spowart Lucy , Smith Susanne 
Published: January 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the value of debriefing to enhance learning within operating theatres. Methods: A sequential mixed method study was undertaken at a local District General Hospital Trust in 2020. A total of 106 surveys were distributed to all multidisciplinary team members based in the trauma and orthopaedic theatres. Following the survey stage, 11 in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with volunteers from the survey stage which included a range of health care professionals. Findings: Participants identified debriefing as a valuable tool for learning and reflection. However, significant barriers were identified, including lack of time and conflicting priorities. Some interviewees referred to the current debriefing process as a ‘tick box’ and a ‘herding cats’ exercise, attributing it to a lack of structure, leadership and organisational buy-in. Conclusions: Debriefing in the operating theatre is a valuable tool for individual and team learning. However, formalising the structure of the debriefing, along with joint team and organisational commitment, was deemed vital in optimising the value of debriefings in the future.
Comparison of surgical treatments for distal ulna fracture when combined with anterior locking plate fixation of distal radius in the over 70 age group
Authors: Shibata Ryutaro , Tokutake Katsuhiro , Takegami Yasuhiko , Natsume Tadahiro , Matsubara Yuji , Imagama Shiro 
Published: January 2023

We conducted a retrospective multicentre study to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications of three surgical treatments of distal ulna fracture (DUF) when combined with anterior locking plate fixation for distal radial fracture (DRF) in patients over 70 years of age. We identified 1521 patients over 70 years of age who were diagnosed as having DRF and who underwent anterior locking plate fixation between 2015 and 2020, among which 122 cases of DUF were analysed. Three surgical treatment options for DUF were identified in this cohort: K-wire fixation (Group K), locking plate fixation (Group L) and Darrach procedure (Group D). The results of the analysis showed the total immobilization period in Group D to be the shortest among the three treatments. Functional outcomes were superior, and the rate of complications were smaller in Group D than in Group L. In addition, rotational range of motion was larger in Group D and Group L compared with Group K. In patients who are 70 years of age or older with combined unstable DRF and highly comminuted or displaced DUF, the Darrach procedure for DUF seems to be the most useful and reasonable treatment option once the fracture of the distal radius has been rigidly fixed. Level of evidence: IV.
The efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in addition to antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a single-center, prospective randomized-control study
Authors: He Xiao-Jian , Wang Xiao-Ling , Sun Dong-Jie , Huang Xiao-Yan , Liu Gang , Li Da-Zhou , Lin Hai-Lan , Zeng Xiang-Peng , Li Dong-Liang , Wang Wen 
Published: January 2023

Background: We previously reported that antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy was safe and effective for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) eradication. It is not clear whether the addition of Saccharomyces boulardii ( S. boulardii) to antofloxacin-based quadruple therapy can improve the eradication rate of H. pylori and reduce adverse events. Objective: To investigate the effect of adding S. boulardii to antofloxacin-based quadruple therapy on the eradication rate of H. pylori and the adverse events. Design: Single-center, prospective randomized controlled study. Methods: A total of 172 patients with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to the test and control groups. Patients in the control group ( n = 86) received antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for 14 days. On this basis, cases in the test group ( n = 86) received S. boulardii 500 mg b.i.d. The eradication rate of H. pylori and adverse events were observed 4 weeks after the treatment. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the eradication rates of H. pylori and frequency of diarrhea between the test group and control group ( p > 0.05). The duration of diarrhea in the test group was significantly shorter than in the control group ( p < 0.001). In addition, the two groups exhibited similar adverse event rates for epigastric pain, abdominal distention, dizzy, vomiting, and rash ( p > 0.05). The severity of adverse reactions was similar between the two groups ( p > 0.05), and most of them had mild adverse events. Conclusion: Although the addition of S. boulardii to antofloxacin-based quadruple therapy could not improve the eradication rate of H. pylori, it could shorten the time of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2200056931.
Improved Glycemic Control Using a Bluetooth®-Connected Blood Glucose Meter and a Mobile Diabetes App: Real-World Evidence From Over 144 000 People With Diabetes
Authors: Grady Mike , Cameron Hilary , Holt Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

Background: The OneTouch Verio Flex® (OTVF) blood glucose (BG) meter features a ColorSure® Range Indicator. Diabetes management is enhanced by connecting the meter to the OneTouch Reveal® (OTR) mobile app. We sought to provide real-world evidence (RWE) that combining both devices improves glycemic control. Methods: Anonymized glucose and app analytics were extracted from a server from over 144 000 people with diabetes (PWDs). Data from their first 14 days using OTVF and OTR were compared with 14 days prior to 90- and 180-day timepoints using paired within-subject differences. Results: In people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) or people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D), readings in-range (RIR) improved by +6.1 (54.5% to 60.6%) and +11.9 percentage points (68.2% to 80.1%), respectively, over 180 days, and hyperglycemia was reduced by −6.6 (40.5% to 33.9%) and −12.0 (30.3% to 18.3%). In total, 35% of PwT1D and 40% of PwT2D improved RIR by >10 percentage points. People with type 1 diabetes spending two to four sessions or 10 to 20 minutes per week on the app improved RIR by +5.1 and 7.0, respectively. People with type 2 diabetes spending two to four sessions or 10 to 20 minutes per week on the app improved RIR by +11.6 and 12.0, respectively. In PwT1D or PwT2D, mean BG reduced by −11.4 and −19.5 mg/dL, respectively, from baseline to 180 days, with no clinically meaningful changes in percentage of hypoglycemic readings. All glycemic changes were statistically significant ( P < .0005 level). Conclusion: Real-world data from over 144 000 PWDs demonstrated improved percentage readings in-range and reduced hyperglycemia in PWDs using the OneTouch Verio Flex blood glucose meter and OneTouch Reveal app.
Novel AI-Based Algorithm for the Automated Computation of Coronal Parameters in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Validation Study on 100 Preoperative Full Spine X-Rays
Authors: Berlin Clara , Adomeit Sonja , Grover Priyanka , Dreischarf Marcel , Halm Henry , Dürr Oliver , Obid Peter 
Published: January 2023

Study design Retrospective, mono-centric cohort research study. Objectives The purpose of this study is to validate a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm against human-generated ground truth for radiographic parameters of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods An AI-algorithm was developed that is capable of detecting anatomical structures of interest (clavicles, cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine and sacrum) and calculate essential radiographic parameters in AP spine X-rays fully automatically. The evaluated parameters included T1-tilt, clavicle angle (CA), coronal balance (CB), lumbar modifier, and Cobb angles in the proximal thoracic (C-PT), thoracic, and thoracolumbar regions. Measurements from 2 experienced physicians on 100 preoperative AP full spine X-rays of AIS patients were used as ground truth and to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. The agreement between human raters and AI was compared by means of single measure Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC; absolute agreement; >.75 rated as excellent), mean error and additional statistical metrics. Results The comparison between human raters resulted in excellent ICC values for intra- (range: .97-1) and inter-rater (.85-.99) reliability. The algorithm was able to determine all parameters in 100% of images with excellent ICC values (.78-.98). Consistently with the human raters, ICC values were typically smallest for C-PT (eg, rater 1A vs AI: .78, mean error: 4.7°) and largest for CB (.96, -.5 mm) as well as CA (.98, .2°). Conclusions The AI-algorithm shows excellent reliability and agreement with human raters for coronal parameters in preoperative full spine images. The reliability and speed offered by the AI-algorithm could contribute to the efficient analysis of large datasets (eg, registry studies) and measurements in clinical practice.
An Analysis of 30-Day Readmissions of Surgically Managed Hiatal Hernia in the United States, 2010 to 2018
Authors: Whitehorn Gregory L. , Collins Micaela L. , Mack Shale J. , Till Brian M. , Tofani Christina J. , Chojnacki Karen A. , Okusanya Olugbenga T. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Longitudinal national data on 30-day readmissions after hiatal hernia (HH) repair has not yet been fully explored. Methods: Data was obtained from the National Readmissions Database (NRD) for patients undergoing HH repair between 2010 and 2018. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses reported with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to identify factors associated with 30-day readmission. Interventions and procedures performed during readmission were extracted using International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. Results: A total of 113 928 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 7492 (6.58%) were readmitted within 30 days of their initial hiatal hernia repair. Factors associated with readmission included age, diagnosis of frailty, non-elective admission for the index procedure and open approach. The median total cost of the readmission event was $29 845. On multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with 30-day readmission included frailty (OR = 1.17, P = .04), index admission status (non-elective, OR = 1.18, P < .001), Medicare (OR = 1.27, P < .001) or Medicaid insurance (OR = 1.36, P < .001), repair approach (open, OR = 1.14, P < .001), and initial length of stay (OR = 1.03, P < .001). On readmission, patients underwent a range of procedures, but only a small proportion required hiatal hernia re-repair. Conclusion: There are notable demographic differences between the non-readmitted and readmitted cohorts, as well as specific risk factors associated with readmission within 30 days of hiatal hernia repair. Further research is necessary determine population-specific methods to prevent readmission in the highest risk cohort.
Tribological Performance of Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Nanofluids on Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling
Authors: Bai Xiufang , Jiang Juan , Li Changhe , Dong Lan , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Sharma Shubham 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) is a green processing technology. Cottonseed oil is suitable as base oil because of excellent lubrication performance, low freezing temperature, and high yield. Al2O3nanoparticles improve not only the heat transfer capacity but also the lubrication performance. The physical and chemical properties of nanofluid change when Al2O3nanoparticles are added. However, the effects of the concentration of nanofluid on lubrication performance remain unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms of interaction between Al2O3nanoparticles and cottonseed oil are unclear. In this research, nanofluid is prepared by adding different mass concentrations of Al2O3nanoparticles (0, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% wt) to cottonseed oil during minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) milling 45 steel. The tribological properties of nanofluid with different concentrations at the tool/workpiece interface are studied through macro-evaluation parameters (milling force, specific energy) and micro-evaluation parameters (surface roughness, micro morphology, contact angle). The result show that the specific energy is at the minimum (114 J/mm3), and the roughness value is the lowest (1.63 μm) when the concentration is 0.5 wt%. The surfaces of the chip and workpiece are the smoothest, and the contact angle is the lowest, indicating that the tribological properties are the best under 0.5 wt%. This research investigates the intercoupling mechanisms of Al2O3nanoparticles and cottonseed base oil, and acquires the optimal Al2O3nanofluid concentration to receive satisfactory tribological properties.
Less car, more bicycle? Generation Y as pioneers of changing everyday mobility in Germany
Authors: Konietzka Dirk , Neugebauer Lukas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The paper examines whether the widespread assumption holds that younger birth cohorts (referred to as Millennials or Generation Y) act as pioneers of changing everyday mobility.

Methodology
Based on the time-series dataset "Mobility in Germany" (Mobilität in Deutschland), cohort-specific changes in everyday bicycle and car use that have occurred between 2002 and 2017 are analyzed. The empirical analyses are differentiated by age-group and settlement type. Additionally, socio-structural factors are taken into account.

Results
The results show a decline in the predominant everyday use of cars in metropolitan cities, especially among Generation Y. However, the Millennials do not emerge as pioneers of the trend toward predominant bicycle use. The results challenge the assumption that changes in everyday mobility are essentially driven by generational change.
Stochastic nuclear organization and host-dependent allele contribution in Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: van Creij Jelle , Auxier Ben , An Jianyong , Wijfjes Raúl Y. , Bergin Claudia , Rosling Anna , Bisseling Ton , Pan Zhiyong , Limpens Erik 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are arguably the most important symbionts of plants, offering a range of benefits to their hosts. However, the provisioning of these benefits does not appear to be uniform among AM fungal individuals, with genetic variation between fungal symbionts having a substantial impact on plant performance. Interestingly, genetic variation has also been reported within fungal individuals, which contain millions of haploid nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm. In the model AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, several isolates have been reported to be dikaryotes, containing two genetically distinct types of nuclei recognized based on their mating-type (MAT) locus identity. However, their extremely coenocytic nature and lack of a known single nucleus stage has raised questions on the origin, distribution and dynamics of this genetic variation.

Results
Here we performed DNA and RNA sequencing at the mycelial individual, single spore and single nucleus levels to gain insight into the dynamic genetic make-up of the dikaryote-like R. irregularis C3 isolate and the effect of different host plants on its genetic variation. Our analyses reveal that parallel spore and root culture batches can have widely variable ratios of two main genotypes in C3. Additionally, numerous polymorphisms were found with frequencies that deviated significantly from the general genotype ratio, indicating a diverse population of slightly different nucleotypes. Changing host plants did not show consistent host effects on nucleotype ratio’s after multiple rounds of subculturing. Instead, we found a major effect of host plant-identity on allele-specific expression in C3.

Conclusion
Our analyses indicate a highly dynamic/variable genetic organization in different isolates of R. irregularis. Seemingly random fluctuations in nucleotype ratio’s upon spore formation, recombination events, high variability of non-tandemly repeated rDNA sequences and host-dependent allele expression all add levels of variation that may contribute to the evolutionary success of these widespread symbionts.
Dysbiotic microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients is linked to lifestyles and metabolic diseases
Authors: Hoang Tung , Kim Minjung , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung-Yong , Lee Jeeyoo , Shin Aesun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities among individuals are influenced by environmental factors. However, there is limited research on factors affecting microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients, who display lower inter-individual variations than that of healthy individuals. In this study, we examined the association between modifiable factors and the microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
A total of 331 colorectal cancer patients who underwent resection surgery at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital between October 2017 and August 2019 were included. Fecal samples from colorectal cancer patients were collected prior to the surgery. Variations in the gut microbiome among patients with different lifestyles and metabolic diseases were examined through the network analysis of inter-connected microbial abundance, the assessment of the Anna Karenina principle effect for microbial stochasticity, and the identification of the enriched bacteria using linear discrimination analysis effect size. Associations of dietary diversity with microbiome variation were investigated using the Procrustes analysis.

Results
We found stronger network connectivity of microbial communities in non-smokers, non-drinkers, obese individuals, hypertensive subjects, and individuals without diabetes than in their counterparts. The Anna Karenina principle effect was found for history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (with significantly greater intra-sample similarity index), whereas obesity and hypertension showed the anti-Anna Karenina principle effect (with significantly lower intra-sample similarity index). We found certain bacterial taxa to be significantly enriched in patients of different categories of lifestyles and metabolic diseases using linear discrimination analysis. Diversity of food and nutrient intake did not shape the microbial diversity between individuals (pProcrustes>0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested an immune dysregulation and a reduced ability of the host and its microbiome in regulating the community composition. History of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes were shown to affect partial individuals in shifting new microbial communities, whereas obesity and history of hypertension appeared to affect majority of individuals and shifted to drastic reductions in microbial compositions. Understanding the contribution of modifiable factors to microbial stochasticity may provide insights into how the microbiome regulates effects of these factors on the health outcomes of colorectal cancer patients.
Activation of autophagy inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Zhang Chao , Fang Xu , Zhang Naixin , Zhang Xiaoxi , Zhu Zhaoqiong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims/introduction
As a common complication in elderly patients after surgery/anesthesia, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is mainly characterized by memory, attention, motor, and intellectual retardation. Neuroinflammation is one of the most uncontroversial views in POCD. The sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, its mechanism has not been determined. This study aimed to observe the effects of sevoflurane on cognitive function and the changes in inflammatory indices and autophagy protein expression in the prefrontal cortex in aged rats.

Method
Before the experiment, D-galactose was diluted with normal saline into a liquid with a concentration of 125 mg/kg and injected subcutaneously into the neck and back of rats for 42 days to establish the aging rat model. Morris water maze experiments were performed, including positioning navigation (5 days) and space exploration (1 day). The POCD model was established by 3.2% sevoflurane inhalation. The rats were treated with or without MCC950, a potent and selective nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor, followed by autophagy agonists and autophagy inhibitors. The expression levels of inflammasome-related protein NLRP3 and autophagy-related proteins LC3B and P62 were detected to test the behavior of rats with a water maze.

Results
We found that sevoflurane exposure affected learning and working memory ability in aged rats. We also observed microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex. NLRP3 protein expression was significantly upregulated after sevoflurane inhalation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced increased expression and mRNA expression of cleaved Caspase-1 and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and increased secretion of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. The inhibitor MCC950 was used to improve cognitive ability and inflammation in rats and inhibit the secretion of cytokines. In addition, we demonstrated that significant inhibition of autophagy (decreased LC3-II/I and increased P62) was accompanied by increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and more severe neural cell damage. However, autophagy inhibitor rapamycin administration to activate autophagy resulted in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasomes, ultimately attenuating neuronal injury.

Conclusions
The activation of autophagy suppressed the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. It also alleviated cognitive impairment in aged rats.