bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the split reliability of graphs
Authors: Brown Jason I. , McMullin Isaac 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA common model of robustness of a graph against random failures has all vertices operational, but the edges independently operational with probability . One can ask for the probability that all vertices can communicate (all‐terminal reliability) or that two specific vertices (or terminals) can communicate with each other (two‐terminal reliability). A relatively new measure is split reliability, where for two fixed vertices and , we consider the probability that every vertex communicates with one of or , but not both. In this article, we explore the existence for fixed numbers and of an optimal
connected ‐graph for split reliability, that is, a connected graph with vertices and edges for which for any other such graph , the split reliability of is at least as large as that of , for all values of . Unlike the similar problems for all‐terminal and two‐terminal reliability, where only partial results are known, we completely solve the issue for split reliability, where we show that there is an optimal ‐graph for split reliability if and only if , , or .
Reporting of adverse events and the fundamental tasks of managers—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Birk Tot Karin , Markič Mirko , Pađen Ljubiša 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo describe healthcare professionals' experiences of adverse event reporting in relation to the fundamental tasks of managers.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodTwenty‐four semi‐structured interviews including six managers, six medical doctors, six Registered Nurses and six Enrolled Nurses were carried out in Slovenia from January to May 2019. The data were analysed using a multi‐stage qualitative content analysis procedure. The COREQ checklist guided the reporting in this study.ResultsThe researchers found that all four fundamental tasks of managers, namely planning, organising, leading and controlling, influence the safety culture and thus adverse events reporting by employees. For each function, the researchers have identified the key factors that either promote or inhibit adverse events reporting in a healthcare institution. The results have implications for all those involved in adverse event reporting from the perspective of the fundamental tasks of managers and can contribute to the improvement of the reporting system and subsequently safer treatment.
Variations in Payer‐Negotiated Prices for Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Wu Shannon S. , Rathi Vinay K. , Byrne Patrick J. , Fritz Michael A. , Shaye David A. , Lee Linda N. , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Lindsay Robin W. , Xiao Roy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about pricing for reconstructive procedures of the head and neck. As of January 2021, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requires hospitals to disclose payer‐negotiated prices for services, offering new insight into prices for privately insured patients.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingTurquoise database.MethodsPayer‐negotiated facility fees for 41 reconstructive surgeries were grouped by procedure type: primary closure, skin grafts, tissue rearrangement, locoregional flaps, or free flaps. Prices were normalized to account for local labor costs, then calculated as percent markup in excess of Medicare reimbursement. The mean percent markup between procedure groups was compared by the Kruskal‐Wallis test. Subset analyses were performed to compare mean percent markup using a Student's t test. We also assessed price variation by calculating the ratio of 90th/10th percentile mean prices both across and within hospitals.ResultsIn total, 1324 hospitals (85% urban, 81% nonprofit, 49% teaching) were included. Median payer‐negotiated fees showed an increasing trend with more complex procedures, ranging from $379.54 (interquartile range [IQR], $230.87‐$656.96) for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 12001 (“simple repair of superficial wounds ≤2.5 cm”) to $5422.60 ($3983.55‐$8169.41) for CPT code 20969 (“free osteocutaneous flap with microvascular anastomosis”). Median percent markup was highest for primary closure procedures (576.17% [IQR, 326.28%‐1089.34%]) and lowest for free flaps (99.56% [37.86%‐194.02%]). Higher mean percent markups were observed for rural, for‐profit, non‐Northeast, nonteaching, and smaller hospitals.ConclusionWide variation in private payer‐negotiated facility fees exists for head/neck reconstruction surgeries. Further research is necessary to better understand how pricing variation may correlate with out‐of‐pocket costs and quality of care.
Can virtual care reduce treatment burden in pediatric leukemia? A retrospective cost analysis
Authors: Dreher Jonas , Meryk Andreas , Riedl David , Kropshofer Gabriele , Hetzer Benjamin , Neururer Sabrina , Pfeifer Bernhard , Schneeberger‐Carta Verena , Holzner Bernhard , Crazzolara Roman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the potential reduction in treatment burden through the expansion of virtual care among children with leukemia (n = 152). Patients living in urban areas traveled median distances of 1555 km compared with 7536 km for patients living in rural areas (p < .05). For the latter group, a median reduction in travel distance of 3560 km (interquartile range [IQR], 2136–5787 km), travel time of 51 h (IQR, 26–78 h), and CO2 emissions of 623 kg (IQR, 374–1013 kg) was estimated, if every second visit was replaced by video consultations.
Efficiency Optimization of Ge‐V Quantum Emitters in Single‐Crystal Diamond upon Ion Implantation and HPHT Annealing
Authors: Nieto Hernández Elena , Redolfi Elisa , Stella Claudia , Andrini Greta , Corte Emilio , Sachero Selene , Ditalia Tchernij Sviatoslav , Picariello Fabio , Herzig Tobias , Borzdov Yuri M. , Kupriyanov Igor N. , Kubanek Alexander , Olivero Paolo , Meijer Jan , Traina Paolo , Palyanov Yuri N. , Forneris Jacopo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe authors report on the characterization at the single‐defect level of germanium‐vacancy (GeV) centers in diamond produced upon Ge− ion implantation and different subsequent annealing processes, with a specific focus on the effect of high‐pressure‐high‐temperature (HPHT) processing on their quantum‐optical properties. Different post‐implantation annealing conditions are explored for the optimal activation of GeV centers, namely, 900 °C 2 h, 1000 °C 10 h, 1500 °C 1 h under high vacuum, and 2000 °C 15 min at 6 GPa pressure. A systematic analysis of the relevant emission properties, including the emission intensity in saturation regime and the excited state radiative lifetime, is performed on the basis of a set of ion‐implanted samples, with the scope of identifying the most suitable conditions for the creation of GeV centers with optimal quantum‐optical emission properties. The main performance parameter adopted here to describe the excitation efficiency of GeV centers as single‐photon emitters is the ratio between the saturation optical excitation power and the emission intensity at saturation. The results show an up to eightfold emission efficiency increase in HPHT‐treated samples with respect to conventional annealing in vacuum conditions, suggesting a suitable thermodynamic pathway toward the repeatable fabrication of ultra‐bright GeV centers for single‐photon generation purposes.
Cycle lengths in randomly perturbed graphs
Authors: Aigner‐Horev Elad , Hefetz Dan , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet be an ‐vertex graph, where for some . A result of Bohman, Frieze and Martin from 2003 asserts that if , then perturbing via the addition of random edges, a.a.s. yields a Hamiltonian graph. We prove several improvements and extensions of the aforementioned result. In particular, keeping the bound on as above and allowing for , we determine the correct order of magnitude of the number of random edges whose addition to a.a.s. yields a pancyclic graph. Moreover, we prove similar results for sparser graphs, and assuming the correctness of Chvátal's toughness conjecture, we handle graphs having larger independent sets. Finally, under milder conditions, we determine the correct order of magnitude of the number of random edges whose addition to a.a.s. yields a graph containing an almost spanning cycle.
Social exclusion and green consumption: The multi‐motive theory approach
Authors: Menebo Mesay Moges , Kvale Heidi Elise Heitun , Bajracharya Monish , Burrill Julianna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHousehold consumption accounting to more than 70% of global GHG emissions is an indication to where sustainable policies should focus their efforts toward a sustainable world. Indeed, one of the tools suggested by governments in their “policies to encourage sustainable consumption” is behavioral approaches. Within this regard, how psychological consequences of social exclusion relate with green consumption is much studied. For example, recent studies adopted costly signaling theory and social belongingness hypothesis to predict green consumption after events of social exclusion/inclusion. Such studies rely heavily on the default view of “humans as social animals” without adequately accounting for the role of motives. Using multi‐motive theory, we show how construals like “perceived importance of a relationship” and traits like “fear of negative evaluation” play a role in the relationship between social exclusion and green consumption. In addition, we develop and report a 20 items reliable and valid multidimensional measure for green consumption.
Making Hidden Cell Particle Interactions Visible by Thermal Noise Frequency Decomposition
Authors: Jünger Felix , Rohrbach Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThermal noise drives cellular structures, bacteria, and viruses on different temporal and spatial scales. Their weak interactions with their environment can change on subsecond scales. However, particle interactions can be hidden or invisible—even when measured with thermal noise sensitivity, leading to misconceptions about their binding behavior. Here, it is demonstrated how invisible particle interactions at the cell periphery become visible by MHz interferometric thermal noise tracking and frequency decomposition at a spectral update rate of only 0.5 s. The particle fluctuations are analyzed in radial and lateral directions by a viscoelastic modulus G(ω,tex) over the experiment time tex, revealing a surprisingly similar, frequency dependent response for different cell types. This response behavior can be explained by a mathematical model for molecular scale elasticity and damping. The method to reveal hidden interactions is tested at two examples: the stiffening of macrophage filopodia tips within 2 s with particle contact invisible by the fluctuation width. Second, the extent and stiffness of the soft cell glycocalyx is measured, which can be sensed by a particle only on microsecond‐timescales, but which remains invisible on time‐average. This concept study shows how to uncover hidden cellular interactions, if particle motions are measured at high‐speed.
Application of Oxygen‐Group‐Based Amorphous Nanomaterials in Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Ye Kang , Zhang Yuqi , Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Zuo Yunpeng , Liang Jiangong , Wang Mengye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly energy sources (e.g., hydrogen) require an urgent development targeting to address the problem of energy scarcity. Electrocatalytic water splitting is being explored as a convenient catalytic reaction in this context, and promising amorphous nanomaterials (ANMs) are receiving increasing attention due to their excellent catalytic properties.Oxygen group‐based amorphous nanomaterials (O‐ANMs) are an important component of the broad family of ANMs due to their unique amorphous structure, large number of defects, and abundant randomly oriented bonds, O‐ANMs induce the generation of a larger number of active sites, which favors a better catalytic activity. Meanwhile, amorphous materials can disrupt the inherent features of conventional crystalline materials regarding electron transfer paths, resulting in higher flexibility. O‐ANMs mainly include VIA elements such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and other transition metals, most of which are reported to be free of noble metals and have comparable performance to commercial catalysts Pt/C or IrO2 and RuO2 in electrocatalysis. This review covers the features and reaction mechanism of O‐ANMs, the synthesis strategies to prepare O‐ANMs, as well as the application of O‐ANMs in electrocatalytic water splitting. Last, the challenges and prospective remarks for future development in O‐ANMs for electrocatalytic water splitting are concluded.
Identifying, developing, and assessing instructor competencies in outcomes‐based military education
Authors: Hennessey Megan J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter continues the argument that quality teaching requires a set of defined competencies. It also presents a roadmap to identifying, developing, and assessing teaching competencies for on‐the‐ground instructors in outcomes‐based military education, using the process developed by Air University as an example.
Using lessons learned during covid to improve on‐ground academic service‐learning curriculum
Authors: Chudzik Lindsay A. , Byrd Kristy L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the impact of COVID on academic service‐learning curriculum and how online course quality assessment can inform improvements to face‐to‐face courses with a focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The authors share their perspectives on applying assessment techniques developed during the pandemic to promote equity in on‐ground courses.
Improving introductory science courses using comparative assessment across multiple modalities
Authors: Schweitzer Jill Kuglin , Tobin Wes , Krerowicz Sam , Blakefield Mary , Olson Brian , Law Yu Kay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExploring the value of course assessment across multiple teaching modalities, this chapter provides a framework for improving introductory science courses by evaluating the impact of pedagogical modality on student learning.
Emerging single‐atom catalysts in electrochemical biosensing
Authors: Huang Zhuoru , Sun Xianyou , Wang Ping , Wan Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive interest owing to their maximized atomic utilization, low cost as well as outstanding catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for diverse applications. Due to their excellent performance in electrocatalysis, SACs can be applied to electrochemical sensors, which have been a predominant tool employed in biosensing. In very recent studies, SAC‐based electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated enhanced sensing performances in biomarker detection and in vivo analysis. However, a comprehensive review of SAC‐based electrochemical biosensors has not been reported yet. Herein, we present a summary of the synthesis methods of SACs with their application in electrochemical sensor establishment and electrochemical characterization methods in electrochemical sensing. Biomedical applications utilizing SAC‐based electrochemical biosensors are introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of SACs in the field of electrochemical biosensing are discussed.
Keeping pace with the explosive growth of chemical libraries with structure‐based virtual screening
Authors: Kuan Jacqueline , Radaeva Mariia , Avenido Adeline , Cherkasov Artem , Gentile Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent efforts to synthetically expand drug‐like chemical libraries have led to the emergence of unprecedently large virtual databases. This surge of make‐on‐demand molecular datasets has been received enthusiastically across the drug discovery community as a new paradigm. In several recent studies, virtual screening (VS) of larger make‐on‐demand collections resulted in the identification of novel molecules with higher potency and specificity compared to more conventional VS campaigns relying on smaller in‐stock libraries. These results inspired ultra‐large VS against various clinically relevant targets, including key proteins of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. As library sizes rapidly surpassed the billion compounds mark, new computational screening strategies emerged, shifting from conventional docking to fragment‐based and machine learning‐accelerated methods. These approaches significantly reduce computational demands of ultra‐large screenings by lowering the number of molecules explicitly docked onto a target. Such strategies already demonstrated promise in evaluating libraries of tens of billions of molecules at relatively low computational cost. Herein, we review recent advancements in structure‐based methods for ultra‐large virtual screening that drug discovery practitioners have adopted to explore the ever‐expanding chemical universe.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Databases and Expert Systems
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Development of genetic markers for reproductive management of toucans
Authors: Coleman Jeffrey L. , Wyffels Jennifer T. , Penfold Linda M. , Richardson Daryl , Maddox J. Dylan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRetention of genetic diversity in successive generations is key to successful ex situ programs and will become increasingly important to restore wild populations of threatened animals. When animal genealogy is partly unknown or gaps exist in studbook records, the application of molecular resources facilitates informed breeding. Here, we apply molecular resources to an ex situ breeding population of toucans (Ramphastidae), a bird family zoos commonly maintain. Toucans face population declines from illegal poaching and habitat degradation. We developed novel microsatellite markers using blood samples from 15 Keel‐billed Toucans (Ramphastos sulfuratus Lesson 1830). Parentage of two individuals was known a priori, but possible sibship among 13 putative founders—including the parents—was unknown. We compared available avian heterologous and novel microsatellite markers to recover known relationships and reconstruct sibship. Eight of 61 heterologous markers amplified consistently and were polymorphic, but less so than the 18 novel markers. Known sibship (and three sibling pairs whose relatedness was unknown a priori) and paternity—though not maternity except in one case—were well‐recovered using both likelihood and pairwise relatedness methods, when incorporating novel but not heterologous markers. Zoo researchers seeking microsatellite primer sets for their breeding toucan populations will likely benefit from our heterologous markers, which can be leveraged both to assess relatedness and select breeding pairs. We recommend that zoo biologists rely on species‐specific primers and not optimize heterologous primers for toucan species without molecular resources. We conclude with a brief discussion of modern genotyping methods of interest to zoo researchers.
Materials Within a Digitalized Production Environment
Authors: Broeckmann Christoph , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas , Hallstedt Bengt , Krupp Ulrich , Rajaei Ali , Rom Michael , Rudack Maximilian , Schmitz Georg J. , Wesselmecking Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaterials serve as the foundation of the technical framework on which modern society relies every day. Generations have developed new materials, tried to understand the origins of their properties, and found ways to predict them. Modern computational tools have vastly expanded our capabilities to make predictions, not only of material properties but also of component properties and of the component health status over its life cycle. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) aims at simulating the material and component properties along the complete process chain and across the length scales from microstructure to component scale. In this way a digital twin of the material or component can be generated, which can be leveraged to facilitate gains in productivity and service life of technical systems. By reducing the complexity of models for the digital twin where necessary, combining them with in-process data using innovative sensor technology and suitable mathematically driven approximation procedures such as machine learning, it is possible to conceive a digital material shadow that resolves elements of the dilemma between data granularity, data volume, and processing speed to enable process monitoring and control for materials processing. To enable communication between humans and machines it is necessary to create a strictly defined language in the form of ontologies. Ontologies are typically domain-specific, but care must be taken to make them consistent across domains. Integrated Structural Health Engineering (ISHE) aims at predicting and monitoring the health state of components over their entire life cycle, enabling timely replacement of components and avoiding costly and possibly life-threatening failures. In particular when components are subjected to cyclic loading, their structural health does not primarily depend on the average material properties, but on the presence of more or less statistically distributed defects. These defects are intrinsic to materials processing, cannot be completely avoided, and evolve during various stages of the production process. The objective of ISHE is to predict their formation and evolution during the production process and their impact on the component structural health during its life cycle. It is clear that the material and component properties are strongly dependent on the process by which they are produced. Therefore, many of the topics discussed in this part have relational counterparts in Part IV: Production.
Loss of functional peroxisomes leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced autophagy that preserve mitochondrial function
Authors: Chi Lijun , Lee Dorothy , Leung Sharon , Hu Guanlan , Wen Bijun , Delgado-Olguin Paul , Vissa Miluska , Li Ren , Brumell John H. , Kim Peter K. , Bandsma Robert H. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeroxisomes are essential for mitochondrial health, as the absence of peroxisomes leads to altered mitochondria. However, it is unclear whether the changes in mitochondria are a function of preserving cellular function or a response to cellular damage caused by the absence of peroxisomes. To address this, we developed conditional hepatocyte-specific Pex16 deficient (Pex16 KO) mice that develop peroxisome loss and subjected them to a low-protein diet to induce metabolic stress. Loss of PEX16 in hepatocytes led to increased biogenesis of small mitochondria and reduced autophagy flux but with preserved capacity for respiration and ATP capacity. Metabolic stress induced by low protein feeding led to mitochondrial dysfunction in Pex16 KO mice and impaired biogenesis. Activation of PPARα partially corrected these mitochondrial disturbances, despite the absence of peroxisomes. The findings of this study demonstrate that the absence of peroxisomes in hepatocytes results in a concerted effort to preserve mitochondrial function, including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, altered morphology, and modified autophagy activity. Our study underscores the relationship between peroxisomes and mitochondria in regulating the hepatic metabolic responses to nutritional stressors.