bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change may drive the distribution of tribe Zyginelline pests in China and the Indo‐China Peninsula to shift towards higher latitude river‐mountain systems
Authors: Ran Wei‐Wei , Luo Gui‐Mei , Zhao Yuan‐Qi , Li Can , Dietrich Christopher H. , Song Yue‐Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTribe Zyginelline leafhoppers can transmit plant viruses and are important pests that affect agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, causing serious economic losses. The potential distribution patterns of Zyginellini will change under climate change. Therefore, the best‐performing random forest and maximum entropy models among 12 commonly used ecological niche models, alongside an ensemble model, were selected to predict the changes in habitat suitability distribution of Zyginellini under current and future climate scenarios [represented by two shared socio‐economic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP126 and SSP585, for three periods (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s)] in China and the Indo‐China Peninsula for the first time.RESULTSThe results revealed that the distribution of Zyginellini was mainly dominated by minimum temperature of coldest month. Under current and future climate scenarios, Zyginellini was mostly distributed southeast of the 400 mm equivalent precipitation line in China, and Vietnam. Under the future SSP126 scenario, the alert areas will mainly be concentrated in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hebei in China, alongside Myanmar and Thailand in the Indo‐China Peninsula. Meanwhile, in the SSP585 scenario, the alert areas in China will increase, whereas there will be little change in the Indo‐China Peninsula. Interestingly, from the current to the future, the cores of Zyginelline distribution occurred around rivers and mountains, and shifted from Guizhou along the Yuanjiang River system to higher latitudes in Hunan.CONCLUSIONZyginellini prefers higher latitude river‐mountain systems under climate change. Our results will contribute to effective pest control strategies and biogeographical research for Zyginellini alongside other Cicadellidae insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantum Annealing with Inequality Constraints: The Set Cover Problem
Authors: Djidjev Hristo N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum annealing is a promising method for solving hard optimization problems by transforming them into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. However, when constraints are involved, particularly multiple inequality constraints, incorporating them into the objective function poses challenges. In this paper, the authors present two novel approaches for solving problems with multiple inequality constraints on a quantum annealer and apply them to the set cover problem (SCP). The first approach uses the augmented Lagrangian method to represent the constraints, while the second approach employs a higher‐order binary optimization (HUBO) formulation. The experiments show that both approaches outperform the standard approach for solving the SCP on the D‐Wave Advantage quantum annealer. The HUBO formulation performs slightly better than the augmented Lagrangian method in solving the SCP, but its scalability in terms of embeddability in the quantum chip is worse. The results demonstrate that the proposed augmented Lagrangian and HUBO methods can successfully implement a large number of inequality constraints, making them applicable to a broad range of constrained problems beyond the SCP.
Controlled Polarized Optical Excitation Method on Ensembles of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers in Diamonds
Authors: Guo Ji , Li Ziyan , Zhang Ning , Guo Qiang , Wang Guanxue , Gao Xiumin , Zhuang Songlin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCrystal axes must be distinguished in vector magnetic measurements of ensemble nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds. However, achieving crystal axes distinction in confocal systems without a magnetic bias field is challenging. Thus, a controlled polarized optical excitation method to overcome this problem is proposed. The polarization angle of the excitation beam can be adjusted in free space using an optical pen for higher controllable degrees of freedom. Compared to previous optical excitation methods, the proposed method improves the maximum suppression by 19.2% and the maximum excitation by 42.4%. Moreover, the proposed method has a decoupling effect on NV axis resonances with a similar change trend. This method can easily replace existing optical excitation methods in NV measurement systems and is a powerful tool for ensembles of NV centers’ vector measurements without relying on magnetic bias fields.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on assisted reproductive technology treatment under voluntary lockdown in Japan
Authors: Jwa Seung Chik , Kuwahara Akira , Ishihara Osamu , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the impact of a state of emergency (i.e., voluntary lockdown) during the COVID‐19 epidemic, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese nationwide registry. In comparison with those during 2019, the number of treatment cycles decreased in April 2020 (−9.5%) to its lowest point in May (−24.1%). The magnitude of the decline was three times larger for frozen cycles (−37.0%) than for fresh cycles (−12.4%). The decrease was significantly smaller for women aged <35 years (−31.0%) than for the older groups (−39.0% to −39.7%). Under voluntary lockdown, a considerable decrease was observed especially for frozen cycles and older women.
Low‐operation voltage conductive‐bridge random access memory based on amorphous NbS2
Authors: Lu Bojing , Hu Dunan , Wu Min , Yang Ruqi , Ding Yuying , Huang Jingyun , Zhang Qinghua , Ye Zhizhen , Hou Yang , Lu Jianguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmorphous NbS2 was proposed as the resistive switching (RS) layer for conductive‐bridge random access memory (CBRAM) for the first time, with Cu and Au as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. NbS2 films were prepared at room temperature, which exhibited an amorphous structure and did not crystalize even annealed at 500°C, showing good thermal stability. The amorphous NbS2 CBRAM devices present stable bipolar non‐volatile RS characteristics. Repetitive RS behavior is demonstrated in amorphous NbS2 CBRAMs. The operating voltage during all RS cycles is less than 1 V, demonstrating that the NbS2 CBRAM is a low‐operation voltage memory device. The distribution of the high and low resistive state resistance is relatively concentrated, and the on‐off ratio has been kept above 100, offering a sufficient data read/write window. The formation and fracture of the Cu metal conductive filament is considered to be the RS mechanism by analyzing the dependence of current and voltage in logarithmic coordinates. Our study demonstrated that amorphous NbS2 is a promising material for low‐operation voltage CBRAM.
A taxonomy of metrics for human representations in digital engineering
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Spatz Emily 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs humans play a significant role in maintaining, supporting, and operating systems, it is important to include humans in digital engineering models to ensure that the sociotechnical system is capable of meeting stakeholder requirements. The current research proposes a taxonomy of metrics and taxonomic nomenclature useful for representing humans in systems engineering and integration. This taxonomy is intended to provide a structure for considering metrics in frameworks such as the Objectives and Metrics portion of the human view architecture, as well as in trade studies which may be represented in MBSE models. The proposed taxonomy categorizes human‐centered metrics into four categories, including those affecting system performance, system readiness, interface fitness, and occupational health and safety. It is further recognized that many of these metrics can be affected by the mental or physical state of the human, which are commonly captured in human factors metrics, such as workload or situation awareness. It is proposed that this taxonomy can guide the selection of human‐centered metrics which affect the system's ability to meet system stakeholder requirements.
Application of soft systems methodology to frame the challenges of integrating autonomous trains within a legacy rail operating environment
Authors: Morey Emily J. , Galvin Kevin , Riley Thomas , Wilson R. Eddie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncreased demand on rail, due to climate initiatives and passenger numbers, places significant pressure on existing railway operations; specifically on capacity, operational flexibility, and network robustness. These pressures are exacerbated by constraints, which prevent the construction of new track and infrastructure. This results in the need to use existing infrastructure and operating processes. One proposed solution is digitalization, which results in autonomous rail, where automated and connected intelligent transport systems facilitate smart traffic management. However, this generates the challenge of integrating autonomous trains and their associated technologies with existing infrastructure and operations. To understand this issue from an enterprise level, this paper has applied Brian Wilson's Soft Systems Methodology (a variation of Checkland's methodology) to the problem situation. This methodology explores and investigates the existing rail system in Great Britain (UK less Northern Ireland) and its stakeholders. The paper aims to propose a solution into how to transform the legacy system into one which incorporates autonomous operations and ultimately becomes fully autonomous. It culminates in a series of models that are relevant to those with a legitimate interest in the system. The models identify the activities required to analyze whether autonomy is worthwhile and if it is, how to successfully integrate it with legacy operations. Additionally, the models provide the basis for which a formal stakeholder analysis can take place.
Enhanced coagulation coupled with cyclic IX adsorption–ARP regeneration for removal of PFOA in drinking water treatment
Authors: Cui Junkui , Deng Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLaboratory investigations were conducted to demonstrate a potentially transformative, cost‐efficient per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment approach, consisting of enhanced coagulation and repeated ion exchange (IX)–advanced reduction process (ARP) for concurrent PFAS removal and IX resin regeneration. Enhanced alum coagulation at the optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 60 mg/L alum) could preferentially remove high molecular‐weight, hydrophobic natural organic matter (NOM) from 5.0‐ to ~1.2‐mg/L DOC in simulated natural water. This facilitated subsequent IX adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, a model PFAS in this study) (20 μg/L) using IRA67 resin by minimizing the competition of NOM for functional sites on the resin. The PFOA/NOM‐laden resin was then treated by ARP, generating hydrated electrons (eaq−) that effectively degraded PFOA. The combined IX‐ARP regeneration process was applied over six cycles to treat PFOA in pre‐coagulated simulated natural water, nearly doubling the PFOA removal compared with the control group without ARP regeneration. This study underscores the potential of enhanced coagulation coupled with cyclic IX‐ARP regeneration as a promising, cost‐effective solution for addressing PFOA pollution in water.Practitioner Points
Enhanced alum coagulation can substantially mitigate NOM to favor the following IX removal of PFOA in water.
Cyclic IX adsorption–ARP regeneration offers an effective, potentially economical solution to the PFOA pollution in water.
ARP can effectively degrade PFOA during the ARP regeneration of PFOA/NOM‐laden resin.
Elemental studies and mapping of cholesterol and pigment gallstones using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy
Authors: Bali Varun , Khajuria Yugal , Manyar Vidit , Rai Pradeep K. , Kumar Upendra , Ghany Charles , Tripathi Shipra , Singh Vivek K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGallstone formation is one of the most severe human diseases, with regional differences in gallstone composition worldwide. The formation of gallstones inside the gallbladder is a complex process and is still under debate despite advances in instrumentation. This study was an in‐depth analysis of the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of cholesterol and pigment‐type gallstones using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC) analysis was also carried out on gallstones to predict their thermal behavior. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to distinguish the cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Using SEM, we performed the morphological studies of gallstone and EDS were carried out to analyze elemental distribution within the gallstones. Elemental imaging and mapping of the major and minor elements within the cholesterol and black pigment gallstones were carried out, revealing the stone's heterogeneous nature. The level of heavy and toxic elements was found to be higher in pigment stones than in cholesterol gallstones. The results obtained from TG‐DSC are well correlated and supported by the results from FTIR spectroscopy.
Ethical, Legal, Social, and Epistemological Considerations of Radiation Exposure
Authors: Dobney Alexandra , González Abel Julio , Oughton Deborah , Romain Frances , Meskens Gaston , Bourguignon Michel , Wils Tim , Perko Tanja , Socol Yehoshua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter will explore the ethical, social, epistemological, and legal considerations relevant to radiobiology. This chapter will cover the basic principles relevant to each aspect along with more in-depth analyses where relevant. Each section will be followed by exercises to help the reader to better understand and assimilate the content of the sections.
Basic Concepts of Radiation Biology
Authors: Baeyens Ans , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Ahire Vidhula , Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Baatout Sarah , Baselet Bjorn , Botelho Maria Filomena , Boterberg Tom , Chevalier Francois , Da Pieve Fabiana , Delbart Wendy , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Fernandez-Palomo Cristian , Geenen Lorain , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Heynickx Nathalie , Meade Aidan D. , Michaelidesova Anna Jelinek , Mistry Dhruti , Montoro Alegría , Mothersill Carmel , Pires Ana Salomé , Reindl Judith , Schettino Giuseppe , Socol Yehoshua , Selvaraj Vinodh Kumar , Sminia Peter , Vermeulen Koen , Vogin Guillaume , Waked Anthony , Wozny Anne-Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRadiation biology is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biological tissues and living organisms. It combines radiation physics and biology. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the terminology and basic concepts of radiobiology to create a better understanding of the ionizing radiation interactions with a living organism. This chapter firstly describes the different types of radiation, the sources, and the radiation interactions with matter. The basic concepts of radioactivity and its applications are also included. Ionizing radiation causes significant physical and chemical modifications, which eventually lead to biological effects in the exposed tissue or organism. The physical quantities and units needed to describe the radiation are introduced here. Eventually, a broad range of biological effects of the different radiation types are addressed. This chapter concludes with a specific focus on the effects of low doses of radiation.
The Lack of What …?: First-in-Family Learners and Their University Experience
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores how the First-in-Family (FiF) cohort is theorised and defined in various geographical and cultural contexts. Beginning with a critique around a lack of clarity of this cohort, the chapter moves to a review of related topics within the broad field of university participation and student engagement. O’Shea, May, Stone and Delahunty demonstrate the ways in which the FiF group is collectively framed as ‘lacking’. This deficit is articulated through reference to cultural, social, familial, academic and economic capitals. The chapter discusses how this focus on lack only serves to further disenfranchise these learners, arguably contributing to a pervasive sense of dislocation within the higher education environment. Chapter 3 continues this discussion by ‘disrupting’ this deficit framing through reference to narrative vignettes derived from the research projects.
What Am I Waiting for?
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEntering formal university study as the first person in one’s immediate family to do so is inevitably a major challenge. This chapter discusses some of the key factors that influenced the first-in-family (FiF) students who participated in Study B (as discussed in Chap. 1) to make the decision to undertake formal study at university level. It also examines the process of adjustment for these students and others around them to their new role as students. In the process of becoming a university student and identifying themselves as such, there were significant personal changes and transformations that emerged for these students. These are explored, along with the role that the institution can play in helping to transition the student into this new environment and in continuing to support the student’s journey.
Trailblazing: Motivations and Relationship Impacts for First-in-Family Enabling Students
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates the experiences of first-in-family enabling students as they reflect on their participation in university. Due to university outreach and participation agendas, this cohort is increasing annually in Australia although they are little researched. The data has been harvested from interviews and surveys and analysed using biographical method to explore these enabling students’ motivations and relationship impacts. The chapter shows how their motivations are deeply embedded and complexly formulated within temporal and relational contexts as well as within their broader social, cultural and economic locations. Their trailblazing engagement in higher education is shown to be a social as much as an individual action, having impacts far beyond the transformations that the enabling learner personally experiences.
‘So How Was Big School Today?’ Family Perceptions of HE Participation
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractO’Shea, May, Stone and Delahunty have indicated how attending university for first-in-family students can lead to significant personal transformation but highlight how the embodied nature of this experience can remain hidden or overlooked in the literature. Equally, the effects that university participation has on those around the student remain unclear, particularly understandings about how their attendance impacts upon the perceptions and ambitions of significant others. This chapter seeks to explore the reactions of family members to this higher education odyssey, particularly how this decision reverberated within the household. Findings indicate that university participation does not only impact on students in an emotional and potentially transformative sense but also on those closest to them, leading to new conversations in the home place and in some cases, broader educational futures.
Parents Managing University and Family Life
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany first-in-family students begin their university journey not as traditional school leavers, but as mature-age students who have busy family lives, often with young children, as well as working lives to manage. While families can be powerful sources of inspiration, support and encouragement, their demands and expectations can also be problematic and stressful, at times needing careful negotiation. This chapter explores the role that family played in the lives of the mature-age students with children, who formed a significant part of the cohort in Study B. The positive contribution of family; the challenges arising from family needs and demands; and the implications of gendered practices of child care and domestic responsibilities are examined. This chapter also points to the need for institutions to better understand and accommodate the particular needs of parent-students.
Systems with Homogeneous Workloads
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn order to smoothly create the modeling knowledge in the readers, in this chapter we analyze some elementary problems that can be considered as a reference for the implementation of more complex ones. To start with simple models, we consider a load consisting of requests having similar characteristics, i.e., single class workloads. We hope that readers can gain experience step by step analyzing models of increasing complexity. It must be pointed out that even with these simple models many interesting performance problems can be addressed. Two capacity planning studies are presented for a web server and a data center, respectively. A version of the latter parameterized at system-level with service demands is also analyzed. The identification of the workload that allows a server to work in the optimal operating point concludes the chapter.
Systems with Heterogeneous Workloads
Authors: Serazzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractToday’s workloads consist of applications having very different characteristics in terms of service requirements, performance objectives, and arrival processes. In this chapter we consider models executing this type of workloads, referred to as multiclass workloads, consisting of customers having significantly different service requests. In this case, to achieve the necessary accuracy in the performance forecast, it is required to model the workload as consisting of multiple class of customers and to compute the performance estimates for each class. A phenomenon characterizing multiclass models, is the bottleneck switch: the congested resource, the bottleneck, that determine the performance of the global system, can dynamically change depending on the modifications in the mix of applications in execution. When the bottleneck migrates from one resource to another, performance may change abruptly! The first case study described in this chapter is an example purposely designed to emphasize the impact of the bottleneck switch on the performance of the system. The second case study concerns the optimization of a data center with focus on the bottleneck identification and load balancing.
Reasoning in Assumption-Based Argumentation Using Tree-Decompositions
Authors: Popescu Andrei , Wallner Johannes P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe address complex reasoning tasks in assumption-based argumentation (ABA) by developing dynamic programming algorithms based on tree-decompositions. As one of the prominent approaches in computational argumentation, our focus is on NP-hard reasoning in ABA. We utilize tree-width, a structural measure describing closeness to trees, for an approach to handle computationally complex tasks in ABA. We contribute to the state of the art by first showing that many reasoning tasks in ABA are fixed-parameter tractable w.r.t. tree-width using Courcelle’s theorem, informally signaling wide applicability of dynamic programming algorithms for ABA. Secondly, we develop such algorithms operating on tree-decompositions of given ABA frameworks. We instantiate the algorithms in the recent D-FLAT framework allowing for declarative and extensible specification of dynamic programming algorithms. In an experimental evaluation on a resulting prototype, we show promise of the approach in particular for complex counting tasks.