bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing mechanisms govern the thermal rectification behavior in semi-stochastic polycrystalline graphene with graded grain-density distribution
Authors: Lahkar Simanta , Ranganathan Raghavan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Thermal rectifiers are devices that have different thermal conductivities in opposing directions of heat flow. The realization of practical thermal rectifiers relies significantly on a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms of asymmetric heat transport, and two-dimensional materials offer a promising opportunity in this regard owing to their simplistic structures together with a vast possibility of tunable imperfections. However, the in-plane thermal rectification mechanisms in 2D materials like graphene having directional gradients of grain sizes have remained elusive. In fact, understanding the heat transport mechanisms in polycrystalline graphene, which are more practical to synthesize than large-scale single-crystal graphene, could potentially allow a unique opportunity, in principle, to combine with other defects and designs for effective optimization of thermal rectification. In this work, we investigate the thermal rectification behavior in periodic atomistic models of polycrystalline graphene whose grain arrangements were generated semi-stochastically to have different gradient grain-density distributions along the in-plane heat flow direction. We employ the centroidal Voronoi tessellation technique to generate realistic grain boundary structures for graphene, and the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations method is used to calculate the thermal conductivities and rectification values. Additionally, detailed phonon characteristics and propagating phonon spatial energy densities are analyzed based on the fluctuation-dissipation theory to elucidate the competitive interplay between two underlying mechanisms, namely, (i) propagating phonon coupling and (ii) temperature-dependence of thermal conductivity that determines the degree of asymmetric heat flow in graded polycrystalline graphene.
Large voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect in magnetic tunnel junctions prepared by deposition at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Nozaki Takayuki , Ichinose Tomohiro , Uzuhashi Jun , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Konoto Makoto , Yakushiji Kay , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Yuasa Shinji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the influence of the buffer material and a cryogenic temperature deposition process on the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect for an ultrathin CoFeB layer in bottom-free type MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions prepared by a mass production sputtering process. We used Ta and TaB buffers and compared the differences between them. The TaB buffer enabled us to form a flat and less-contaminated CoFeB/MgO interface by suppressing the diffusion of Ta with maintaining a stable amorphous phase. Furthermore, the introduction of cryogenic temperature deposition for the ultrathin CoFeB layer on the TaB buffer improved the efficiency of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect and its annealing tolerance. Combining this with interface engineering employing an Ir layer for doping and a CoFe termination layer, a large VCMA coefficient of -138±3 fJ/Vm was achieved. The developed techniques for the growth of ultrathin ferromagnet and oxide thin films using cryogenic temperature deposition will contribute to the development of high-performance spintronic devices, such as voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memories.
Structural Equation Models to Interpret Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Studies for Morphological and Productive Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Suela Matheus Massariol , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Morota Gota , Silva Felipe Lopes da , Malone Gaspar , Giasson Nizio Fernando , Nascimento Moysés 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between multiple traits is fundamental in soybean breeding programs because their primary goal is to maximize multiple traits simultaneously, either directly or indirectly. Typically, multi-trait studies are conducted using a multi-trait version of a genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, this approach does not account for phenotypic interrelationships between traits. Therefore, we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the interrelationship between traits related to morphology (pod thickness - PT) and yield traits (number of pods - NP, number of grains - NG, and hundred grains weight - HGW). We used a dataset containing 96 soybean individuals genotyped with 4,070 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The phenotypic network was modeled using the hill-climbing algorithm, and the structural coefficients were estimated using the SEM approach. According to the sign of the structural coefficient, we identified positive or negative phenotypic interrelationships. We found negative interrelationships between NG and HGW, positive interrelationships between NP and NG, and between HGW and PT. Among these traits, NG, HGW and PT showed indirect SNP effects. In the SEM-GWAS study, we found quantitative trait loci that jointly controlled some and all of the traits. We identified nine candidate genes (i. serine-threonine kinase; ii. protein DA1-related 2; iii. β-1,3-glucanase-like; iv. MYB-like DNA-binding; v. amino acid transporter; vi. Leucine-rich repeat; vii. squamosa promoter-binding-like; viii. monothiol glutaredoxin-s14, and ix. dynamin) that simultaneously acted in the traits. In summary, the SEM-GWAS approach revealed novel relationships among soybean traits, such as PT, thus contributing to soybean breeding programs.
Electron Acceletaion by Laser Driven Electron Plasma Wave in Plasma with Density Ramp: Cosh Gaussian Laser Beam
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Johari Rohit , K Alex A , Choudhry Suman , Kumar Sanjeev , Bhardwaj S. B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical investigation into the nonlinear propagation of a Cosh-Gaussian (ChG) laser beam through plasma with axial inhomogeneity. The study takes into consideration the relativistic mass nonlinearity of plasma electrons in response to the laser beam. Additionally, the research explores the influence of self-focusing on the excitation of electron plasma waves (EPWs). The analysis employs variational theory to derive semi-analytical solutions for the nonlinear wave equations governing the laser beam and EPWs. Furthermore, the study examines the acceleration of electrons trapped within the excited EPWs. The results obtained from numerical analysis indicate a more pronounced self-focusing effect of the Cosh-Gaussian laser beam when optimal values of the decentered parameter are utilized. This finding is beneficial for generating high-amplitude EPWs, enabling electron acceleration by extending the interaction length.
Legal Determinants That Impact Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Hajdari Arton , Hajdini Artan , Hadzimustafa Shenaj 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Economic growth, as a leading macroeconomic objective, is supposed to be determined by different types of variables and indicators, including legal ones. Therefore, through panel data analysis of the 20 EU countries for 2013-2021 years, this research article came across legal determinants that impact economic growth. Data covered in the examination were from secondary sources, i.e. from two credible international institutions, the World Justice Project and the World Bank. This study, conducted through a quantitative scientific approach, i.e. the robust Fixed Effects model of regression analysis, found the following six legal determinants that impact economic growth: no. 1) Effectiveness of keeping crime under control; no. 2) Effectiveness of enforcement of civil justice; no. 3) People do not use violence to redress personal grievances; no. 4) Laws and government data are publicized properly (transparency); no. 5) Government officials in the judicial branch do not utilize their office for personal gain. no. 6) Civil justice is accessed and afforded by people. Of course, the robust Fixed Effects model was not a subjective choice, but a decision made through the respective tests of Pooled OLS, Random Effects and Fixed Effects.
Combined Analysis of Root Transcriptome, Metabolome and physiology on the mechanism of rapid growth recovery for rice seedlings after low temperature stress
Authors: Fu Xiaoquan , Zhong Lei , Wang Hui , He Haohua , Chen Xiaorong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Late spring cold is a disastrous weather phenomenon that often occurs during the early rice seedling stage in southern China, which poses a significant threat to open direct seeding of early rice seedlings. We found the differences in growth recovery performance between rice varieties after low temperature stress, but the differences in recovery between roots and stems/leaves are still unclear. 12 ℃ low temperature treatment of 4 days was set to investigate the growth phenotype and physiological changes of rice seedling roots during rewarming, as well as Transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed.
Results
Root growth was significantly inhibited after low temperature stress. During the rewarming process, the root length recovered the fastest, followed by the number of main roots. The fastest growth recovery period was in the first 3 days of rewarming; overall, the growth rate of B116 was higher than that of B811. The content of H2O2 and MDA in the root system of B116 decreased faster than that of B811 during the recovery process. The activities of POD and SOD showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, and returned to the control level after 6 days for the two varieties; Transcriptome analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly enriched in plant endogenous signal transduction, MAPK signal pathway, nitrogen metabolism and other biological pathways; The differential metabolites mainly included organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, and lipids and lipid molecules. Correlation analysis between Transcriptome and metabolome showed that plant endogenous signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism were the main metabolic pathways, and the differential expression of auxin response factors AUX/IAA, ARF and sucrose synthase SUS4, SPS1 was related to root growth.
Conclusion
The recovery of rice seedling growth after low temperature stress is related to the rapid clearance of ROS, utilization of auxin, and rapid metabolism of sucrose. The root system recovers growth earlier than the aboveground part, and the root system should be the main response to the harm of late spring cold in production.
Genetic analysis of patients with triple positive primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: GUFFROY Aurélien , Jacquel Lea , Seeleuthner Yoann , Nicodème Paul , Poindron Vincent , Martin Thierry , Maurier François , Delannoy Valerie , Voegeli Anne-Claire , Zhang Peng , Nespola Benoit , Molitor Anne , Apithy Marie-Joëlle , Soulas-Sprauel Pauline , Voll Reinhard , Bahram Seiamak , Vincent Gies , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Cobat Aurélie , Boisson Bertrand , Carapito Raphaël , Korganow Anne-Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by thrombosis and autoantibodies directed against phospholipids or associated proteins. The genetic etiology of PAPS remains unknown.
We enrolled 21 patients with thromboembolic events associated to lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin and anti b2 glycoprotein1 autoantibodies. We performed whole exome sequencing. Data were compared to public databases and to a control cohort of 873 non-autoimmune patients. We performed whole exome sequencing and a systematic variant-based analysis in genes associated with thrombosis, in candidate genes previously associated with APS or inborn errors of immunity. Data were compared to public databases and to a control cohort of 873 non-autoimmune patients. Variants were identified following a state-of-the-art pipeline. Enrichment analysis was performed by comparing with the control cohort.
We found an absence of significant HLA bias and genetic heterogeneity in these patients, including when testing combinations of rare variants in genes encoding for proteins involved in thrombosis and of variants in genes linked with inborn errors of immunity.
These results provide evidence of genetic heterogeneity in PAPS, even in a homogenous cohort of triple positive patients. At the individual scale, a combination of variants may participate to the breakdown of B cell tolerance and to the vessel damage.
Biomechanical analysis of detachable duet screw to resist intraoperative screw loosening.
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Hu Zheng-Jun , Zhao Deng , Gao Ting , Zhong Rui , Huang Hua-Qiang , Jiang Deng-Xu , Wang Fei , Liang Yi-Jian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pedicle screws are widely used in spinal fusion surgery, while screw loosening frequently occurs during spinal deformity correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether detachable duet screw can resist cutting or breach of pedicle walls under tensile test.
Methods
In this study, a novel duet screw was designed and developed for the purpose of spinal deformity correction. Eight spine specimens from goats were used and divided into two groups: group A (traditional insertion) and group B (combination of two detachable duet screws). Prior to biomechanical testing, the average density of the vertebrae was determined using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). To simulate the distraction or compression process during spinal deformity correction, loading was applied to the side of the screw through the rod, which was perpendicular to the pedicle screw axis. The process from initiation to the breach of the pedicle was assessed in order to determine the effectiveness of the duet screw.
Results
The quantitative computed tomography (QCT) analysis revealed that the average bone density of the entire goat population was 500.63 ± 37.88 mg/cm3. In group A and group B, the mean maximum failure load (MFL) was determined to be 1052.38 N and 1762.25 N, respectively. Notably, the average MFL exhibited a significant increase in group B compared to group A (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The implementation of detachable duet screws exhibits the potential to enhance the resistance against screw loosening by connecting two screws under tensile force. This investigation offers valuable preclinical evidence for future clinical applications.
Exploring Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity’s influence on antimalarial drugs resistance in endemic setting of Burkina Faso
Authors: Nikiema Moustapha , Gneme Awa , Quaye Charles , Ilboudo Hamidou , Nikiema Seni , Kabore Justine , Soulama Issiaka , Nebie Eric , Dah Clarisse , Sie Ali , Badolo Athanase 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The diversity of Plasmodium genotypes characterizes the dynamics of malaria transmission and is thought to be one of the factors hampering malaria control efforts The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of Plasmodium falciparum genetic polymorphism on antimalarial drug resistance molecular markers in two endemic settings in Burkina Faso.
Blood blots from malaria-positive samples were processed with molecular tools for Plasmodium falciparum genetic polymorphism alleles detection and markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance. The chi2 analysis and ANOVA were used to compare allelic frequencies, mean multiplicity of infection (mMOI) and prevalence of mutant pfcrt, pfmdr, dhfr/dhps genes.
Out of the 285 samples positive for Plasmodium falciparum, 279 were successfully genotyped for markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance and genetic polymorphism. Significant positive correlations were found between mean multiplicity of infection (mMOI) and pfcrt76, dhfr51 and dhps437 mutant prevalence. No significant variation was found between msp1/ msp2 alleles and the prevalence of pfcrt, pfmdr, dhfr, and dhps mutants. Monoclonal msp1 infections harbored high prevalence mutation in pfcrt76, dhfr51 and dhps437 genes.
Overall, this study showed a negligible correlation between genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and antimalarial mutant genes. Competition between different strains (polyclonality) of the parasite within the host would be to the disadvantage of mutant strains.
Rainfall Variability and Deciduous-Evergreen Coexistence in Tropical Forests
Authors: Muehleisen Andrew J. , Schwartz Naomi B. , Stump Simon M. , Staver A. Carla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In tropical forests, deciduous and evergreen leaf habits represent contrasting tree adaptations to precipitation seasonality. Both rainfall seasonality and interannual variation in rainfall are determinants of forest deciduousness, but their relative influence is not well understood. In this study, we evaluate the extent of deciduous-evergreen coexistence in tropical forests and develop a simple model of competition for water between leaf habits. Using this model, we formalize two mechanisms representing rainfall variability across time scales that may explain their stable coexistence: the temporal storage effect via interannual variability in rainfall vs. rainfall partitioning via evergreen access to dry-season rainfall. In our model, both mechanisms resulted in coexistence, but coexistence was more robust via resource partitioning. Empirically, remotely sensed deciduousness increased with precipitation seasonality, but effects of interannual rainfall variability on deciduousness were minor. We hypothesize that dry-season rainfall may prove a stronger influence on coexistence between leaf habits, and that changes in rainfall seasonality will have a greater impact on forest deciduousness than changes in the interannual variability of rainfall.
Investigating the relationship between thyroid hormones with the risk level screening tests in the first trimester of pregnancy in hypothyroid women: A case-control study
Authors: Rezavand Negin , Darvishi Somayeh , Hematti Maryam , Rezaei Mansour , Nemati Houshang , Seyedzadeh Seyed mohammad Saleh , Kamravamanesh Alireza , Seyedzadeh Saydeh Saba , Kamravamanesh Mastaneh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the association between T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti TPO, Free BhCG, B-MOM, P-MOM, and NT-MOM with the risk level of screening tests in the first trimester of pregnancy in hypothyroid and control women.
Methods
In this case-control study, 82 pregnant women were enrolled. The ELISA method was performed to evaluate the serum levels of T3, free T3, T4, free T4, TSH, and Anti TPO, and the first stage of fetal screening tests including Free BhCG, B-MOM, P-MOM, NT-MOM were done by Electro-chemiluminescent (ECL) method., and finally data analysis was performed with SPSS statistical software.
Results
The average levels of TSH (p-value = 0.001), TPO (p-value = 0.006), trisomy 21 (p-value < 0.001), and trisomy 13/18 (p-value < 0.001) in the intervention group were significantly higher and PAPP-A was significantly (p-value < 0.001) lower than control group; However, there was no statistical difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean levels of beta-hCG (p-value = 0.297), B-MoM (p-value = 0.202), and NT-MoM (p-value = 0.221). Also, in the intervention with levothyroxine group, the mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in the screen positive group and the medium risk group of DS than the negative screen group (p-value = 0.014).
Conclusion:
It is suggested to identify hypothyroid pregnant mothers early and make it mandatory to perform timely fetal health screening tests in the first trimester of pregnancy in this group of mothers, with the aim of identifying fetuses at risk of developing chromosomal disorders. This should be the priority of maternal health policy makers.
Accurate Identification of Micro-scale Urban Functional Zones from the Perspective of Dialectical Materialism
Authors: Zhang Changfan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the advancement of global urbanization, accurate identification of urban functional zones has become a crucial task for the high-quality development of cities. Traditional methods that rely on POI data are insufficient to accurately identify micro-scale urban functional zones. Thus, this study proposes a novel method for identifying urban functional zones based on VOI (Volume of Interest) data and applies it to a small region in Hong Kong for comparative research. Subsequently, the identification accuracy of the two methods is assessed using a confusion matrix and the Kappa Coefficient. The results show that the VOI data contains richer and more comprehensive urban spatial information compared to POI data, enabling a superior representation of connections and influences among different zones within cities. The study can be applied to analyse micro-scale urban functional zones in other cities, providing a new perspective for the in-depth research.
Machine learning-based pathomics model to predict the infiltration of regulatory T cells and prognosis in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild- type glioblastoma
Authors: Peng Shaoli , Wang Xuezhen , Chen Jinyang , Yang Minghuan , Lan Hailin , Hong Jinsheng , Zhang Mingwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been highlighted as prognostic factors in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type (wt) glioblastoma (GBM). However, conventional detection of Tregs with immunohistochemistry is limited for practical application in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to construct a pathomics model to predict Treg infiltration in IDH-wt GBM and explore the related biological processes.
Methods
Using the Pyradiomics package, pathomics features were extracted from hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsy images of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The proportion of Tregs was confirmed in orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model via flow cytometry. The pathomics model was constructed using a gradient-boosting machine-learning approach, and the pathomics score (PS) was determined with the minimal redundancy-maximal relevance and relief algorithms. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was employed to access the association between PS and overall survival (OS). Transcriptomic data were analyzed through GSEA set enrichment, differential gene expression, and correlation analyses.
Results
PS was positively correlated with high Treg expression. Patients with a high PS had significantly worse overall survival than did those with a low PS. A high PS independently served as a prognostic risk factor for patients with IDH-wt GBM. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed significant associations between PS and the Notch and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. A high PS was also significantly correlated with elevated RAD50 expression.
Conclusion
The developed pathomics model based on machine-learning algorithms can offer an alternative non-invasive method to predict Treg infiltration and prognosis in patients with IDH-wt GBM, further suggesting potential targets for immunotherapy.