bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dismantling networks abruptly by tree decomposition
Authors: Han Aolin , Qi XingQin , Cao Zhulou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dismantling a network by removing the minimum vertices is a challenging problem in complex networks. While most existing methods focus on efficiency, they overlook the importance of abruptness during the dismantling process. Gradual changes in the largest connected component size can alert the target and render the attack ineffective. To overcome this issue, we propose a new dismantling method based on tree decomposition and a new metric quantifying the abruptness of the dismantling process. Our method involves applying tree decomposition to the network using the min fill-in method, identifying the most critical edge in the decomposed tree, and removing the vertices contained in the edge. Experimental results on eight real networks demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms classical methods in abruptness and efficiency.
Characterization of digestive proteases in the gut of a basal deuterostome
Authors: Hildebrand Jasper , Chang William W. , Hu Marian Y. , Stumpp Meike 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Digestive systems are complex organs that allow organisms to absorb energy from their environment to fuel vital processes such as growth, development and the maintenance of homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of digestive physiology is therefore essential to fully understand the energetics of an organism. The digestion of proteins is of particular importance because most heterotrophic organisms are not able to synthesize all essential amino acids. While Echinoderms are basal deuterostomes that share a large genetic similarity with vertebrates, their digestion physiology remains largely unexplored. Using a genetic approach, this work demonstrated that several protease genes including an enteropeptidase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase and trypsin involved in mammalian digestive networks are also found in sea urchin larvae. Through characterization including perturbation experiments with different food treatments and pharmacological inhibition of proteases using specific inhibitors, as well as transcriptomic analysis, we conclude that the trypsin-2 gene codes for a crucial enzyme for protein digestion in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Measurements of in vivo digestion rates in the transparent sea urchin larva were not altered by pharmacological inhibition of trypsin (using soybean trypsin inhibitor) or serine proteases (aprotinin), suggesting that proteases are not critically involved in the initial step of microalgal breakdown. This work provides new insights into the digestive physiology of a basal deuterostome and allows comparisons from the molecular to the functional level in the digestive systems of vertebrates and mammals. This knowledge will contribute to a better understanding for conserved digestive mechanisms that evolved in close interaction with their biotic and abiotic environment.
Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?
Authors: Tong Ke , Chan Yuan Ni , Cheng Xiaoqin , Cheon Bobby , Ellefson Michelle , Fauziana Restria , Feng Shengchuang , Fischer Nastassja , Gulyás Balázs , Hoo Natalie , Hung David , Kalaivanan Kastoori , Langley Christelle , Lee Kean Mun , Lee Li Ling , Lee Timothy , Melani Irene , Melia Nadhilla , Pei Jia Ying , Raghani Lisha , Sam Yoke Loo , Seow Peter , Suckling John , Tan Yan Fen , Teo Chew Lee , Uchiyama Ryutaro , Yap Hui Shan , Christopoulos Georgios , Hendriks Henriette , Chen Annabel , Robbins Trevor , Sahakian Barbara , Kourtzi Zoe , Leong Victoria ,   CLIC Phase 1 Consortium
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCognitive flexibility (CF) enables individuals to readily shift from one concept or mode of practice/thoughts to another in response to changes in the environment and feedback, making CF vital to optimise success in obtaining goals. However, how CF relates to other executive functions (e.g., working memory, response inhibition), mental abilities (e.g., creativity, literacy, numeracy, intelligence, structure learning), and social factors (e.g., multilingualism, tolerance of uncertainty, perceived social support, social decision-making) is less well understood. The current study aims to (1) establish the construct validity of CF in relation to other executive function skills and intelligence, and (2) elucidate specific relationships between CF, structure learning, creativity, career decision making and planning, and other life skills.MethodsThis study will recruit up to 400 healthy Singaporean young adults (age 18–30) to complete a wide range of cognitive tasks and social questionnaires/tasks. The richness of the task/questionnaire battery and within-participant administration enables us to use computational modelling and structural equation modelling to examine connections between the latent constructs of interest.Significance and ImpactThe current study is the first systematic investigation into the construct validity of CF and its interrelationship with other important cognitive skills such as learning and creativity, within an Asian context. The study will further explore the concept of CF as a non-unitary construct, a novel theoretical proposition in the field. The inclusion of a structure learning paradigm is intended to inform future development of a novel intervention paradigm to enhance CF. Finally, the results of the study will be useful for informing classroom pedagogy and the design of lifelong learning policies and curricula, as part of the wider remit of the Cambridge-NTU Centre for Lifelong Learning and Individualised Cognition (CLIC).
Key pathological features characterize minimal change disease-like IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wang Tsung-Yueh , Chang Fu-Pang , Yang An-Hang , Ka Shuk-Man , Chen Ann , Hsieh Jyh-Tong , Chen Fan-Yu , Lee Tsung-Lun , Tseng Po-Yu , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Li Szu-Yuan , Yang Chih-Yu , Chen Jinn-Yang , Lin Chih-Ching , Tarng Der-Cherng 
Published: July 2023

Aims
A subset of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients exhibiting minimal change disease (MCD) like features present with nephrotic-range proteinuria and warrants immunosuppressive therapy (IST). However, the diagnosis of MCD-like IgAN varied by reports. We aimed to identify the key pathological features of MCD-like IgAN.

Methods
In this cohort, 228 patients had biopsy-proven IgAN from 2009 to 2021, of which 44 without segmental sclerosis were enrolled. Patients were classified into segmental (< 50% glomerular capillary loop involvement) or global (> 50%) foot process effacement (FPE) groups. We further stratified them according to the usage of immunosuppressant therapy after biopsy. Clinical manifestations, treatment response, and renal outcome were compared.

Results
26 cases (59.1%) were classified as segmental FPE group and 18 cases (40.9%) as global FPE group. The global FPE group had more severe proteinuria (11.48 [2.60, 15.29] vs. 0.97 [0.14, 1.67] g/g, p = 0.001) and had a higher proportion of complete remission (81.8% vs. 20%, p = 0.018). In the global FPE group, patients without IST experienced more rapid downward eGFR change than the IST-treated population (-0.38 [-1.24, 0.06] vs. 1.26 [-0.17, 3.20]mL/min/1.73 m2/month, p = 0.004).

Conclusions
The absence of segmental sclerosis and the presence of global FPE are valuable pathological features that assist in identifying MCD-like IgAN.
Making things work–In spite of a pandemic small scale enterprise managers’ approach to business changes and health issues
Authors: Landstad Bodil J. , Hedlund Marianne , Tjulin Åsa , Nordenmark Mikael , Vinberg Stig 
Published: July 2023

Background
Covid-19 is one of the worst crises in modern working life with a direct negative impact on many enterprises and organizations. The aim of this study is to explore what managers in Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs) changed in their business during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly addressing health issues.

Methods
A longitudinal qualitative research methodology was used, interviewing 16 managers of SSEs in the Norwegian and Swedish manufacturing and service sector both before (round 1) and during the pandemic (round 2). In this approach, time is designed into the research process, making change a key focus for analysis.

Results
The analysis resulted in two main themes, resilience and demanding occupational health and safety conditions, and five sub-themes. Results show how managers in SSEs changed their business during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of these changes. Although, the enterprises were heavily affected in the beginning of the pandemic, several managers found new solutions for their businesses to maintain and reach new customers. They applied a socially responsible management which addressed different health issues.

Conclusion
Crises like the Covid-19 pandemic will have future impact on SSEs making it important to understand how managers in such enterprises address business and health issues. This knowledge may have practical implications for supporting managers in SSEs in how to perform a socially responsible management and maintain occupational health and safety measures. The managerial implications from this research are that they need to be flexible, reorientable and, at the same time, be loyal to the core business. This study shows the importance of doing longitudinal studies about business and health issues among mangers in SSEs.
The association between menstrual hygiene, workplace sanitation practices and self-reported urogenital symptoms in a cross-sectional survey of women working in Mukono District, Uganda
Authors: Borg Sarah A. , Bukenya Justine N. , Kibira Simon P. S. , Nakamya Petranilla , Makumbi Fredrick E. , Exum Natalie G. , Schwab Kellogg J. , Hennegan Julie 
Published: July 2023

Background
Women worldwide experience challenges managing their periods. Menstrual and genital hygiene behaviours have been linked to negative health outcomes, including urogenital symptoms and confirmed infections. However, evidence testing this association has been limited and mixed. This study aimed to (1) describe the menstrual care practices and prevalence of self-reported urogenital symptoms among working women in Mukono District, Uganda, and (2) test the associations between menstrual and genital care practices, and urogenital symptoms.

Methodology
We undertook a cross-sectional survey of women aged 18–45 working in markets, schools, and healthcare facilities in Mukono District, with 499 participants who had menstruated in the past two months included in this analysis. We developed an aggregated measure of menstrual material cleanliness, incorporating material type and laundering practices. Associations with urogenital symptoms were tested using the aggregated material cleanliness measure alongside the frequency of changing materials, handwashing before menstrual tasks, and sanitation practices.

Results
Among our sample, 41% experienced urogenital symptoms in the past month. Compared to women exclusively using disposable pads, using appropriately cleaned or non-reused improvised materials (PR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.04–1.71), or inadequately cleaned materials (improvised or commercially produced reusable pads) (PR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.46–3.42) was associated with an increased prevalence of self-reported urogenital symptoms in the last month. There was no difference between those using disposable pads and those using clean reusable pads (PR = 0.98; 95%CI 0.66–1.57). Infrequent handwashing before changing materials (PR 1.18, 95%CI: 0.96–1.47), and delaying urination at work (PR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.08–1.73) were associated with an increased prevalence of self-reported symptoms.

Conclusion
Prevalence of self-reported urogenital symptoms was associated with the type and cleanliness of menstrual material used as well as infrequent handwashing and urinary restriction. There is a need for interventions to enable women to maintain cleanliness of their menstrual materials and meet their menstruation, urination and hand washing needs at home and work.
Youth and healthcare workers’ perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of self-testing for HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis among young people: Qualitative findings from a pilot study in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Nambusi Kyegombe , Gbolahan Ajibola , Maureen Sakoi-Mosetlhi , Tsholofelo Rebatenne T. , Motswedi Anderson M. , Simani Gaseitsiwe , Joseph Makhema , Una Ngwenya , Sikhulile Moyo S. , Odile Sauzet , Lucy Mupfumi 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Little is known regarding the attitudes and perspectives of young people and healthcare workers in Botswana about dual self-testing for HIV and STIs including its acceptability, or their perceptions of the opportunities and limitations of this approach.

Methods
From July to November 2021, 25 young people and 6 healthcare workers were purposively sampled for in-depth telephone interviews conducted in English or Setswana. The interviews followed a semi-structured topic guide, were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically using deviant case and constant comparative techniques. The study was part of a pilot project evaluating dual self-testing for HIV and STIs among young people in Gaborone.

Results
We found that most of the young people were already aware of their HIV status and were motivated to participate in self-testing mainly because they were interested in learning their STI status. Whilst most were excited about the autonomy and convenience offered by self-testing, some participants expressed nervousness particularly of the finger-prick process, and preferred healthcare worker-administered tests. Both young people and healthcare workers raised concerns about the potential negative mental health outcomes of unexpected test results and emphasized the importance of pre- and post-test counselling and seamless linkage to care.

Conclusion
Dual self-testing for HIV and STIs has the potential to empower young people to take control of their sexual health. However, it is crucial to ensure that proper support and counselling services are in place, along with effective mechanisms for linkage to care. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating pre- and post-test counselling into self-testing programs to ensure that young people feel adequately supported throughout the testing process. By doing so, self-testing can become a valuable tool for improving the sexual health outcomes of young people in Botswana.
Thymbra spicataleaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
Authors: Zou Min , Zhong Zhiqiang , Wen Chunju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, the bio-inspired synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) adornedThymbra spicataextract functionalized Fe3O4NPs as a novel magnetic nanocomposite has been demonstrated. The plant phytochemicals act as a natural and non-toxic reductant as well as thein situstabilizing agent of the NPs. The Au–Thymbra@Fe3O4composite was characterized over a range of advance physicochemical techniques like fourier transformed infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Toward its bio-applications, the material was employed investigating the cytotoxicity and leukemic potential against several related cell lines, viz, 32D-FLT3-ITD, HL-60/vcr (acute myeloid leukemia) and MOLT-3, TALL-104 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)in vitro, following MTT assay. The corresponding inhibition concentration by 50% level, i.e., IC50were evaluated as 125, 150, 133 and 170 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the Au–Thymbra@Fe3O4nanocomposite proved to be a good antioxidant, which was validated from DPPH radical quenching assay and a significantly good IC50value.
A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
Authors: Thangarajoo Thaneswary , Hsin Yong Kai , Pandey Manisha , Choudhury Hira , Meng Lim Wei , Md Shadab , Akhter Md Habban , Gorain Bapi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The potentials held by stimuli-responsive polymers in wound dressing have led to the present research in formulating a hydrogel base formulation with polymers having pH and thermo-sensitivity. Thus, hyaluronic acid (pH-sensitive polymer), and Pluronic F-127 (thermo-sensitive polymer) with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (mucoadhesive polymer) were incorporated to obtain an in situ hydrogel containing gentamicin and naringenin (NAR). The optimization of the stimuli-responsive formulation was performed by the Box–Behnken statistical design to acquire variable parameters that influence the gelling temperature and viscosity. Thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to confirm the suitability of incorporating the selected polymers with drugs. The optimized formulations (blank and drug-loaded) were found to possess satisfactory characteristics of gelling temperatures (30–33°C), viscosities (174 ± 3 to 184 ± 4 cP), and mucoadhesive properties (0.29 ± 0.01 to 0.31 ± 0.01 N) with a spray diameter of 16.8 ± 1.4 to 18.9 ± 1.2 cm2 to facilitate the application at the wound environment. The in vitro drug release study depicted a sustained release profile over a time frame of 8 h with a cumulative release of 56.18 ± 4.59% NAR. The drug-containing in situ hydrogels showed superior potency by producing a larger zone of inhibition (2.03 ± 0.12 cm). Furthermore, a cytotoxicity study of the developed formulations in HaCaT cells revealed no toxicity of the drug-loaded formulations when compared to the blank hydrogel. These findings indicate the potential of the in situ hydrogel as an effective wound dressing for chronic wounds; however, additional investigation is needed for further implementation.
Recurrence and Long-Term Evaluation of Kanto Earthquakes
Authors: Satake Kenji 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The 1923 Taisho Kanto earthquake—an interplate event along the Sagami trough where the Philippine Sea plate subducts beneath the Kanto region—produced ground shaking, crustal deformation, landslides, and tsunamis, and caused the worst earthquake disaster in Japan. Based on seismological and geodetic data, many fault models have been proposed, extending ∼100 km from the epicenter, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.8–8.2, and large slips of ∼8 m located near the epicenter and beneath the Miura Peninsula. The penultimate 1703 Genroku Kanto earthquake produced similar macroseismic effects around Sagami Bay and the Miura Peninsula, but larger coastal uplift and tsunami in the Boso Peninsula. The proposed fault models extend off the Boso Peninsula with Mw of 8.1–8.5. In 2004, the Earthquake Research Committee (ERC) classified the Kanto earthquakes as “Taisho type” and “Genroku type” with recurrence intervals of 200–400 yr and 2300 yr, respectively. In 2014, the ERC revised the long-term evaluation to a recurrence interval of 180–590 yr and a 30 yr probability of 0%–5% based on the Brownian passage time model. With the Cabinet Office, the ERC considered the source area of the maximum possible earthquake of Mw 8.6–8.7. The recent historiographical and paleoseismological studies have identified other candidates for the past Kanto earthquakes in 1495, 1433, 1293, and 878. Various combinations of these candidates give a mean recurrence interval of 210–315 yr, an aperiodicity parameter of 0.04–0.76, and a 30 yr probability of 0.0%–19%. The Cabinet Office has calculated the seismic intensity and tsunami heights of various types of Kanto earthquakes. National and local governments estimate the damage from these hazards. For the Tokyo metropolitan area, the estimated damage and occurrence probability are more significant for M ∼7 earthquakes with various types and depths, and most mitigation efforts are directed at such events.
The Source Characteristics of the 2022 Ms 6.1 Lushan Earthquake: An Event That Occurred on the Conjugated Fault of the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan Earthquake
Authors: Dai Kun , Guo Rumeng , Zou Xuhao , Tang Xiongwei , Xu Xiaoxue , Liu Dechuan , Zheng Yong , Xu Jianqiao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 2022 Ms 6.1 Lushan earthquake occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt, Sichuan Province, China, ∼7 km north-northwest of the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake. To understand its source characteristics and interplay with the 2013 Lushan event, we evaluate the 2022 Lushan earthquake in terms of focal mechanism, aftershock relocation, and rupture process. Results show that it is a purely thrust earthquake with a source depth of 14 km and a focal mechanism nodal plane of 29°/51°/80°. The automatic phase picker-based aftershock locus clarifies that the 2022 Lushan earthquake occurred on a blind northeast-trending conjugate fault of the 2013 Lushan earthquake. The finite-fault model constrained by teleseismic waveforms suggests that the high slip is concentrated in an asperity near the epicenter with a peak slip of 42 cm, which is characterized by thrust components. Based on the promotion of postseismic deformation following the 2013 Lushan earthquake and the similarity of the seismotectonic system, we argue that the 2022 Lushan earthquake may be an aftershock of the 2013 Lushan earthquake that occurred on a blind thrust fault.
Biosynthesis, Characterization, Adsorption and Antimicrobial studies of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Punica Granatum Extract
Authors: Abdul Karem Lekaa Kalid , Ali Angham Tariq 
Published: July 2023

This study includes using green or biosynthesis-friendly technology, which is effective in terms of low cost and low time and energy to prepare V2O5NPs nanoparticles from vanadium sulfate VSO4.H2O using aqueous extract of Punica Granatum at a concentration of 0.1M and with a basic medium PH= 8-12. The V2O5NPs nanoparticles were diagnosed using several techniques, such as FT-IR, UV-visible with energy gap Eg = 3.734eV, and the X-Ray diffraction XRD was calculated using the Debye Scherrer equation. It was discovered to be 34.39nm, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM. The size, structure, and composition of synthetic V2O5NPs were determined using the (EDX) pattern, Atomic force microscopy AFM. The adsorption experiment was successfully conducted on metal ions M (II), such as Co, Ni, and Cu. The results proved removal simultaneously from water using V2O5NPs based on surface shape on the affinity of three metal ions. The adsorption rate of Ni(II) is the highest one in the time scale and conditions of our experiment at all surfaces, while Co(II) and Cu(II) ions are close in magnitude. The removal efficiencies of mixed (M+2 = Co, Ni, and Cu) ions with λmax for Co, Ni, and Cu ions are 510,425 and 814 nm 56.66%, 77.00%, and 27.23%, respectively. The Antimicrobial activity of V2O5NPs in three concentrations, 25%, 50%, and 75%, was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans fungus. The results of the inhibition of vanadium oxide nanoparticles against positive and negative bacteria were compared with the standard drug Amoxicillin and the results of fungus inhibition with the standard drug Metronidazole. It was found that nano-oxide is more effective at 75% concentration.