bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of the facial nerve in various skull base pathologies through different lateral skull base approaches
Authors: Omran Ahmed A. , El-Dine Mohamed M. Badr , Eshmawy Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate facial nerve (FN) outcomes in various skull base pathologies managed through different lateral skull base approaches.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center. All patients presented with different skull base lesions with or without FN involvement. A full preoperative assessment was carried out, including the House–Brackmann (HB) FN grading scale. Surgical techniques used to manage the FN depended on the surgical approach and the extent of the pathological lesion in the form of FN identification and monitoring, decompression, intact fallopian bridge technique, rerouting, anastomosis, or scarification. FN functional integrity was assessed 1 month and 1 year postoperatively using the House–Brackmann scale to assess different surgical techniques used to manage the FN and their effects on postoperative FN function.

Results
Half of the patients had glomus jugulare tumor, which were mostly managed through infratemporal fossa type A approach. At 1 month postoperatively, no great improvement was found in FN function in most of the cases. After 1 year, the improvement was statistically significant.

Conclusion
One year postoperatively could give idea of the FN surgical outcome. Grade III was the best result achieved in cases of FN grafting and anastomosis. In the present study, FN intact techniques were the most useful to yield better results than were grafting and anastomosis when the circumstances and extension of the pathology allow the surgeon to use such techniques.
Assessment protocol for patients with acquired apraxia of speech
Authors: Aboras Yehia Amin , Ashmawy Ghada Abdelhady , Elmaghraby Reham Mohamed , Gommaa Sabah Saeed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundApraxia of speech can be defined as an articulation disorder that results from impairment of the capacity to order the positioning of speech musculature and the sequencing of muscle movements for volitional production of phonemes and sequences of phonemes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to adapt the Apraxia Battery for Adults II (ABA II) test to suit the Egyptian culture in order to apply this test for assessing Egyptian apraxic patients for proper management of this ailment.Subjects and methodsThis study was conducted on two groups: the first group consisted of 56 adult patients with expressive aphasia and/or dysarthria, who were evaluated with ABA II to detect any apraxic elements. The second group consisted of 100 healthy adults who served as the control group and were evaluated by ABA II to yield cutoff scores. Test reliability was assessed by internal consistency reliability using reliability coefficientα(Cronbach’sα). Test validity was measured on the basis of content validity, concurrent validity, and group differentiation.ResultsReliability of the ABA II test was proved to be high, on the basis of the high values of coefficientαobtained for all test items (0.746–0.937), denoting an intercorrelation between test items. Validity of the ABA II was proven by three methods: content validity, concurrent validity (correlation matrix between different items of the test was determined and there was a strong correlation between the test items), and group differentiation (comparison of the test results between apraxic patients, nonapraxic patients, and controls was done and statistically significant differences were found between the scores of all test items among these groups.) The test was proven to be sensitive and specific.ConclusionThe results were highly significant and were capable of discriminating between normal subjects and apraxic patients.
Erratum: Comparison between pitch discrimination in normal children, children with hearing aids, and children with cochlear implant
Authors: Ahmed Rania E. 
Published: September 2023

In the article titled “Comparison between pitch discrimination in normal children, children with hearing aids, and children with cochlear implant”, published on pages 332–336, Issue 4, Volume 34 of Journal - The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, the list of authors and affiliations is incorrectly written as “Rania E. Ahmed - Audio Vestibular Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt”. The correct list of authors and their affiliations should read as;“Samir Ibrahim Asal - Assistant Professor of Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Ossama Ahmed Sobhy - Professor of Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Nesrine Hazem Hamouda - Lecturer in Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Rania Ebraheem Ahmed - Audio Vestibular Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt”.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among high-risk Egyptians
Authors: Said Azza F. , Ewis Ashraf A. , Omran Ahmad A. , Magdy Mohamed E. , Saleeb Micheal F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world. COPD prevalence, morbidity, and mortality vary across countries and across different groups within countries. In Egypt, COPD is a rising significant health problem; however, information on its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality is still lacking.

Aim of the study
The first aim was to detect the prevalence of COPD among high-risk Egyptians Global using Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) definitions. The second goal was to identify the factors predictive for diagnosis of COPD.

Patients and methods
This study included 363 randomly selected individuals with a high risk for COPD; 176 were smokers (group I), 107 were construction and brick manufacturer workers (group II), and 80 were women exposed to biomass fuel (group III). All individuals filled out a respiratory questionnaire, were clinically examined, and subjected to spirometric evaluation.

Results
The prevalence of COPD among high-risk individuals was 9.6 and 17.4% on the basis of GOLD and LLN, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of prebronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC < LLN were 94.3 and 90.8%, respectively, for the diagnosis of COPD. However, our findings support that the postbronchodilator LLN definition is superior in ruling out the presence of COPD, as it has a good negative test specificity of 99.7%. Chest wheezes were the only symptom that was an independent predictor of COPD (odds ratio 4.80, 95% confidence interval 1.57–14.74, P = 0.02). Increasing age, smoking, and mean pack-years were also factors predictive for COPD.

Conclusion
The prevalence of COPD among high-risk individuals in Egypt was estimated to be about 10% as per GOLD. Prebronchodilator LLN is a reliable method for the diagnosis of COPD and it yields comparable results to the GOLD criteria. The main predictors for COPD diagnosis are old age, smoking history, and presence of chest wheezes.
Pulmonary involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients asymptomatic for respiratory disease
Authors: Lotfy Hala M. , Halawa Eman F. , El Baz Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and frequency of abnormalities in subclinical pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in a group of Egyptian children with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) asymptomatic for respiratory manifestations.

Patients and methods
The study enrolled 20 children with jSLE followed up at the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Cairo University. For all patients, pulmonary function testing was performed including measurement of lung volumes and lung flows using spirometry. Lung diffusion testing was performed using the transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) utilizing the single-breath method. Findings were correlated with clinical manifestations and lupus disease activity, and assessed using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores.

Results
NAmong our study group, musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, hematologic, renal, and neurological manifestations were the most frequent lupus manifestations throughout the course of disease, occurring in 85, 80, 65, 45, and 35% of the patients, respectively. The mean SLEDAI score was 21.3 ± 9.515. Overall, 95% our patients had at least one PFT abnormality within a mean of 4.9 ± 1.94 years after disease onset. Diffusion defect was the most frequent defect detected in 14 (70%) patients, restrictive pathology was found in seven (35%) patients, obstructive pathology was found in six (30%) patients, and mixed restrictive and obstructive pathology in one (5%) patient. In terms of the correlation between PFTs and the SLEDAI, DLCO was correlated positively (r = 0.37, P = 0.05) to a high SLEDAI, that is, a diffusion defect was significantly evident in patients with high disease activity even without symptoms.

Conclusion
Occult pulmonary disease as shown by a PFT occurs frequently in our group of Egyptian patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
Study of sleep quality among patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Magdy Doaa M. , Metwally Ahmed , Makhlouf Hoda A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Several factors may cause sleep disruption among critically ill patients. Determination of these factors that interfere with patients’ quality of sleep is very important in the treatment process to ensure normal sleep process.

Objective
The aim was to assess the quality of sleep among critically ill patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) and identify the risk factors.

Materials and methods
This observational study was carried out on all patients who were admitted to the RICU. Patients’ age, gender, duration of ICU stay, cause of admission, and scores for the severity of illness on admission including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment were done. A Freedman questionnaire was determined twice: at the RICU and at home to evaluate sleep quality and the contributing factors.

Results
One hundred patients were enrolled in this study. The mean ICU stay was 5.41±2.03 days; 82% of them were admitted for the first time to the RICU. The mean score of sleep quality of patients at the RICU was 4.38±1.83, which was significantly reduced compared with the mean score at home post-admission 8.30±1.09 (P<0.001). Noise (7.60 ±1.40) was the main sleep disruptive factor in the RICU; hospital staff conversations (7.77±1.38) and medical staff pagers and phones (7.42±1.53) were the maximum noises. Frequent use of light is the second influential factor for sleep disruption (6.82±1.31), followed by nursing interventions and blood sampling.

Conclusion
Due to the poor sleep quality during hospitalization and due to the presence of a wide range of sleep disturbing factors such as noise, light, and nursing activities, nursing education, using eye shields, and ear plugs might reduce environmental noise and improve sleep quality.
Study of addiction in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Abbasia Chest Hospital
Authors: Saeed Adel M. , Raafat Riham H. , Elbaz Eman M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug abuse is an important factor in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in developing and developed countries, and there is a triple relationship between pulmonary TB, HIV, and drug users.AimThe aim of this work was to study the relation between addiction and newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB from Abbasia Chest Hospital’s outpatient clinic or admitted to the departments or ICU during the 8 months from August 2015 to April 2016.Patients and methodsThis prospective study was conducted on 100 addict male patients who were diagnosed as having new cases of pulmonary TB (positive sputum for ZN stain) at Chest Departments and respiratory ICU in Abbasia Chest Hospital during the 8 months from August 2015 to April 2016 to detect the relation between addiction and TB by full history, laboratory investigations, and chest radiography.ResultsMost of the cases were taking a combination of drugs and more of cannabis, except for dead cases, where intravenous heroin was the top drug abused with longer duration of addiction. Cavitary and infiltrative patterns were present in more than half of the cases, with being more infiltrative among dead cases, with grade III severity in the chest radiography taking the upper hand. A minority of the cases had pleural effusion, pneumothorax and lung abscess.ConclusionDrug abusers are at high risk of TB infection and disease, and intravenous drug abuse is considered an important factor in HIV-associated TB.RecommendationsDrug addiction is a major public health problem that needs to be studied from different aspects.
Diagnostic yield of fiber optic bronchoscopy in alveolar and/or ground glass opacification in chest computed tomographic scan
Authors: Youssef Hoda A. A. , Khattab Hany M. , Shaban Marwa M. , Mohamed Sabah A. , Mostafa Khaled M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and objectiveTransbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) can be obtained using forceps and usually represents the centrilobular regions. Therefore, disorders that are centered around terminal and respiratory bronchioles or distributed along the lymphatic routes can be diagnosed. This study investigated the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy in patients with ground-glass opacity (GGO) or alveolar filling for histopathological diagnosis and found out its complications.Patients and methodsTwenty-six patients with predominant GGO or alveolar opacity in the chest computed tomographic (CT) scan were submitted for TBLB for histopathological confirmation. Patients with respiratory failure, heart failure, coagulopathy, or pathognomonic CT patterns were excluded. All patients were subjected to full history taking, chest CT scan, and TBLB with histopathological examination of the specimens.ResultsThe diagnostic yield of TBLB was 73.1%. Histopathological diagnoses included hypersensitivity pneumonitis (23.1%), sarcoidosis (19.2%), adenocarcinoma (11.5%), small cell lung cancer (7.7%), alveolar proteinosis (3.8%), alveolar hemorrhage (3.8%), organizing pneumonia (3.8%), and chronic nonspecific inflammation (26.9%). There was no significant correlation between age, sex, smoking, and histopathological diagnoses. Regarding the predominant CT finding, 15 (57.7%) patients had GGO, whereas 11 (42.3%) patients had alveolar filling with significant (P=0.008) positive correlation between the CT predominant pattern and histopathological diagnoses. There was a positive significant correlation between lymph node enlargement in CT and histopathological diagnosis (P=0.029). Complications from TBLB included the pneumothorax (15.4%) and bleeding (7.7%).ConclusionsTBLB seems to be a useful and safe procedure. It is of a high diagnostic value. Therefore, it could be considered a routine diagnostic procedure before thoracoscopic or open lung biopsy.
Percutaneous tracheostomy, making it easier
Authors: Almansoury Ahmad , Ali Sayed , Said Hany 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Open and percutaneous tracheotomy (PT) lead to many perioperative complications. To minimize the complication and to save time and cost, certain assistive tools can be used like fiberoptic bronchoscope, ultrasound guidance and others.

Aim
The aim was to compare the three procedures, blind PT, fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided PT and open tracheostomy, regarding ease of the technique, infection rate, bleeding, and complications of the procedure.

Design
A retrospective comparative trial was conducted.

Setting
ICU at Dar El Shefa Hospital and respiratory ICU, Ain Shams University Hospital, were the locations for study conduction. Patients and methods All patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation during period between August 2012 and August 2014.
They were assigned into three groups: group I underwent open tracheostomy and included 16 patients, group II underwent blind PT and included 15 patients, and group III underwent fiberoptic-guided PT and included 12 patients.

Results
A total of 43 patients underwent tracheostomy during the study period. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding neck circumference and intubation period before tracheostomy. Regarding hemodynamics, there is no statistically significant difference regarding mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure and FiO2, pH, PaO2, PCaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and oxygen saturation SPO2 before and after each procedure. Regarding complications after procedure, it shows that blind group had higher percentage of patients with no complications (86.7%) followed by fiberoptic group (75%) and open tracheostomy group (50%). It was noticed that the lowest mean of duration of the procedure was found in the blind group (15.7±5.3), followed by fiberoptic group (17.8±3.2) and lastly the open tracheostomy group (25.7±6.3).

Conclusion
This study showed that PT had fewer complications than open tracheostomy, saved operating room resources as well as was more cost effective.
Medication adherence and treatment satisfaction in some Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma
Authors: Galal Iman H. , Mohammad Yasser M. , Nada Abeer A. , Mohran Yosra E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The degree of effectiveness in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) entails proper treatment adherence and satisfaction. In this study, medication adherence and treatment satisfaction were assessed among some Egyptian patients with asthma and COPD.

Materials and methods
Consecutive asthma and COPD patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic or inpatients admitted to the Chest Department at Ain Shams University Hospital, Abbassia, and Qena Chest Hospitals. Self-reported medication adherence and treatment satisfaction were tested using the Arabic versions of the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM 1.4), respectively.

Results
Totally, 474 asthmatic patients (mean: 34.41 years, 61.2% male and 38.8% female) and 509 COPD patients (mean: 60.39 years, 91.7% male and 8.3% female) were included. According to eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, mean adherence was 4.55±2.01 and 3.88 ±1.63 in asthma and COPD, respectively, with no significant difference. In asthma and COPD, low adherence was found in 71.7 and 79.4%, medium adherence in 19.8 and 13.6%, and high adherence in 8.4 and 7.1%, respectively. There was a significant difference in all domains of TSQM between asthma and COPD, with more effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction but less side effects among asthma patients compared with COPD. There was a significant correlation in asthmatic patients between adherence and all domains of TSQM, whereas in COPD only side effects and convenience correlated significantly with adherence. In COPD, adherence was better in male smokers, with low smoking index, living in urban areas, having severe small airway obstruction, and treated by pulmonologists. In asthma, adherence was mainly affected by treatment satisfaction.

Conclusion
Most of the asthma and COPD patients were nonadherent to their medications. Asthma patients were more satisfied with treatment compared with COPD patients.
What does pulmonary–renal syndrome stand for?
Authors: Farag Taghreed S. , Farag Abeer S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPulmonary–renal disorder (PRS) is an emergency situation described by a rapidly progressive course without an early intervention. It is appropriate time to review this disorder, this is may be attributable to frequent patients’ attendance to pulmonologist with both vague pulmonary and/or renal symptoms with disproportionate lack of information concerning consequent care. In addition, the outcome data for PRS still confined to little studies with limited follow-up. An updated working knowledge of PRS including the disease pathogenesis, complications as well as quickly advancing field focused on current new immunomodulatory therapies which offer life-saving options for refractory disease. An often-multi-disciplinary team is required for management. Early rapid identification relies upon a high index of clinical suspicious, carful medical evaluation, accessible laboratory investigations, imaging study, histopathology, with exclusion of differential diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis, exclusion of infection, close monitoring of the patient as well as timely initiation of aggressive therapy are crucial for the patient’s outcome. The mortality rate of PRS, reach up to 25–50 % [1].
Clinical phenotype as a predictor of outcome in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Mohamed Elgazzar Alaa Eldin Metwally 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who need mechanical ventilation (MV) is altered by several factors such as severity of the disease, severity of acute exacerbation, advanced age, the cause of exacerbation, and development of complications.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the outcome of clinical phenotypes of MV COPD patients who were admitted to the respiratory ICU in 2014 and the influencing factors.

Patients and methods
This prospective study included 106 MV COPD patients. All patients underwent a thorough medical history, routine and specific investigations including: chest radiography, high-resolution computed tomography, serum immunoglobulin E, total and differential leukocytic count, serial arterial blood gases immediately before intubation, during MV and just before weaning.

Results
There were many predictors of bad outcome with statistical significance such as: older age (62.94±12.5 vs. 57.81±12.6 years), higher temperature on admission (37.48 ±0.67 vs. 37.20±0.42°C), higher serum of HCO3 on admission (42.5±4.5 vs. 38.9±7.8 mEq/l), longer duration of MV (12.05±4.4 vs. 4.8±1.84 days), higher last year number of exacerbations (1.94±0.9 vs. 1.47±0.6 times), with shorter duration from last exacerbation (40.4±1.2 vs. 50.5±2.04 days), dyspnea as the main presenting symptom, past history of MV, occurrence of complications during MV, emphysema phenotype (52.7 vs. 22.8%).

Conclusion
Past history of MV, emphysema phenotype, duration of MV, higher last year number of exacerbations, and shorter duration since the last exacerbation are reliable predictors of poor outcome and mortality in MV COPD patients with acute on top of chronic respiratory failure.