bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation, design and synthesis of polybenzoxazine with different main‐chain structures and properties: A comparative study
Authors: Li Xin Kang , Shen Jun Wei , Lin Hai Lan , Zhang Zhao Xin , Zhang Xun Tao , Bian Jun , Chen Dai Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to explore effective strategies to fabricate main‐chain polybenzoxazine (PBZ) thermosetting resin for structural material applications, here, five PBZ with different molecular structures, that is, poly(Co‐ddm), poly(Co‐BPA‐ddm‐Co)main, poly(Ph‐BPA‐ddm‐Co)main, poly(Ph‐BPA‐ddm‐Ph)main and poly(Ph‐ddm) were designed, synthesized and compared by introducing unsaturated fatty chains through the Mannich reaction with cardanol. The structure and properties of five PBZ with different structure were systematically investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), NMR, water absorption and mechanical tests. FTIR and NMR tests indicated that five PBZ with different molecular structures were successfully synthesized. The mechanical tests indicated that the impact strength of the double‐capped cardanol‐based main‐chain PBZ was 243% higher than that of the traditional PBZ. The water absorption of main‐chain PBZ was higher than that of diamine PBZ, and the water absorption of poly(Ph‐BPA‐ddm‐Co)main was the lowest in the main‐chain PBZ. Based on the experimental results, five PBZ amorphous cells with different structures were successfully established. It indicated that the main chain PBZ showed better thermomechanical properties than the traditional diamine PBZ due to high crosslinking conversion and hydrogen bond density. Moreover, the modulus and glass transition temperature of the main chain structure containing unsaturated fatty chains did not decrease significantly.
Ultrasonic welded joint failure mode of glass fiber/polyetherimide composites
Authors: Wang Jing , Xiao Cunyong , Jia Song , Ren Rong , Xiong Xuhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFailure modes of ultrasonic welding joints were investigated by using glass fiber/polyetherimide (PEI) composite material as a base material, and the mechanism of welding pressure with different failure modes and the effects of failure modes on joint strength were explored. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic welding joints have six failure scenarios. Peeling of PEI film and the base material surface on both sides, peeling of PEI film and the base material surface on one side, peeling of surface fiber and surface resin, laminate delamination, fiber breakage, ablation damage respectively. The welding pressure mainly affects the proportion of the first three failure modes. When the welding pressure increases, the proportion of the second failure mode is obvious, meantime the proportion of the first failure mode gradually decreases, the welding pressure mainly affects the proportion of the first three failure modes. The welding joint failure is often a mixed failure generated by the coupling of the abovementioned six failure modes rather than a single failure mode. The evolution of heat distribution with Pw was simulated using COMSOL. The simulation curves represent the evolution of the weld interface temperature at different position.
Could the altmetrics wave bring a flood of confusion for anatomists?
Authors: Byram Jessica N. , Lazarus Michelle D. , Wilson Adam B. , Brown Kirsten M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAltmetrics are non‐traditional metrics that can capture downloads, social media shares, and other modern measures of research impact and reach. Despite most of the altmetrics literature focusing on evaluating the relationship between research outputs and academic impact/influence, the perceived and actual value of altmetrics among academicians remains nebulous and inconsistent. This work proposes that ambiguities surrounding the value and use of altmetrics may be explained by a multiplicity of altmetrics definitions communicated by journal publishers. A root cause analysis was initiated to compare altmetrics definitions between anatomy and medical education journal publishers' websites and to determine the comparability of the measurement and platform sources used for computing altmetrics values. A scoping content analysis of data from across eight publishers' websites revealed wide variability in definitions and heterogeneity among altmetrics measurement sources. The incongruencies among publishers' altmetrics definitions and their value demonstrate that publishers may be one of the root cause of ambiguity perpetuating confusion around the value and use of altmetrics. This review highlights the need to more deeply explore the root causes of altmetrics ambiguities within academia and makes a compelling argument for establishing a ubiquitous altmetrics definition that is concise, clear, and specific.
A peer‐led kinesthetic forearm and wrist anatomy workshop: A multiple cohort study
Authors: Herblum Jordana , Honig Jesse , Kasoff Madison , Koestler Jennifer , Catano Daniel , Petersen Kristina H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn understanding of forearm and wrist anatomy is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of various injuries. Evidence supports the use of peer‐assisted learning (PAL) as an effective resource for teaching basic science courses. First‐year medical students across three class years participated in an optional PAL kinesthetic workshop wherein participants created anatomically accurate paper models of forearm and wrist muscles. Participants completed pre‐ and post‐workshop surveys. Participant and nonparticipant exam performances were compared. Participation ranged from 17.3% to 33.2% of each class; participants were more likely to identify as women than men (p < 0.001). Participants in cohorts 2 and 3 reported increased comfort with relevant content after the workshop (p < 0.001). Survey responses for cohort 1 were omitted due to low response rates; however, exam performances were assessed for all three cohorts. Cohort 2 participants scored higher than nonparticipants on forearm and wrist questions on the cumulative course exam (p = 0.010), while the opposite was found for cohort 3 (p = 0.051). No other statistically significant differences were observed. This is the first study to examine quantitative and qualitative results for a PAL intervention repeated for three separate cohorts. Although academic performance varied, two cohorts reported increased comfort with relevant course material after the workshop. Results of this study support the need for further exploration of PAL workshops as an instructional method in teaching anatomy and highlight the challenges associated with repeating interventions over multiple years. As more studies attempt replication across multiple years, these challenges may be addressed, thereby informing PAL best practices.
Language, Science and Globalization in the Eighteenth Century**
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Rebeca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAsia, America, and Europe have been intellectually intertwined for centuries. Several studies have been published revealing European scholars’ interest in the “exotic” languages of Asia and America, as well as in ethnographic and anthropological aspects. Some scholars such as Polymath Leibniz (1646–1716), were interested in these languages in an attempt to construct a universal language, while others tried to establish language families, like the Jesuit Hervás y Panduro (1735–1809). However, all acknowledge the importance of language and the circulation of knowledge. This paper analyzes the dissemination of the compilation of eighteenth‐century multilingual lexical compilations for comparative purposes as an early globalized project. These compilations were designed by European scholars and subsequently elaborated in different languages by missionaries, explorers, and scientists in the Philippines and America. Taking the correspondence and relations between botanist Mutis (1732–1808) and bureaucrats, European scientists such as polymath Humboldt (1769–1859) and Botanist Linnaeus (1707–1778) among others, and navy officers of the scientific exploration commanded by Malaspina (1754–1809) and Bustamante y Guerra (1759–1825) into consideration, I will analyze how simultaneous projects followed a unified aim, and illustrate their substantial contribution to the study of language in the late eighteenth century.
Optimizing induction chemotherapy regimens for radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Bi Jianping , Pi Guoliang , He Hanping , Li Yanping , Zheng Dandan , Wei Zecheng , Han Guang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe optimal number of cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) remains unresolved. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the changes in gross tumor volumes (GTVs) and to select the most optimal number of IC cycles.MethodsWe analyzed 54 patients who received a three‐cycle IC before commencing radiotherapy, with the tumor and nodal responses assessed by a CT scan before IC and after each IC cycle. The gross tumor volumes of the nasopharynx primary lesion (GTV_T), involved retropharyngeal lymph node (GTV_RP), and involved cervical lymph node (GTV_N) were contoured on each scan. The volume change following each IC cycle was evaluated with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The three‐dimensional vector displacements of target centers were also calculated and compared.ResultsThe volume reductions of GTVs following IC varied across different patients and showed different trends for the three GTV types. GTV_T and GTV_RP did not display further volume reduction after two IC cycles, whereas GTV_N showed monotonic volume decreases. For GTV_T and GTV_RP following the three IC cycles, the total volume reduction relative to the initial volume before IC was 12.0%, 22.5%, and 20.1% and 26.0%, 44.1%, and 42.2%, respectively. In contrast, for GTV_N, continuing volume reduction was observed with a total reduction of 25.3%, 43.2%, and 54.7% following the three cycles, and the reductions were all significant. Average displacements of the GTVs were <1.5 mm in all directions; their average three‐dimensional displacements were 2.6, 4.0, and 1.7 mm, respectively. Acceptable toxicity was observed in most patients.ConclusionThis study supports two cycles of IC before radiotherapy for patients with LANPC if the initial metastatic cervical lymph node volume is not dominating. Otherwise, three cycles of IC is recommended to further reduce the cervical node volume.
Properties of heat moisture treated red rice paddy and its puffed product
Authors: Pathaw P. Mariadon Shanlang , Bhattacharya Suvendu , Mahanta Charu L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present work evaluated how the heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) of pigmented paddy influenced the physicochemical properties on puffing.FindingsPigmented rice paddy was subjected to heat‐moisture treatment at 121°C for 15, 30, and 45 min. The milled grains (HMT_NP) were puffed at 250°C for 9 s (HMT_P). HMT increased amylose content (13.54 ± 0.03 in raw rice to 14.66 ± 0.05 in HMT_NP45) and the reverse trend occurred on puffing (12.34 ± 0.38 in untreated puffed rice to 11.76 ± 0.17 in HMT_P45). Pasting profile of HMT_NP rices showed resistance to swelling and ruptures and increases in tolerance to heat and stress. Pasting temperature increased from 74 ± 0.71a in untreated raw to 81.19 ± 0.34b in HMT_NP45 and from 74.03 ± 0.45a untreated puffed rice to 80.3 ± 0.28b in HMT_P45. HMT_NP samples showed a combination of A and V‐type peaks, while an E‐type starch pattern was observed for HMT_P rices. Crystallinity decreased with treatment time from 30.78 (raw) to 23.03% (HMT_NP45) and from 15.65 (puffed) to 12.29% (HMT_P45) in puffed samples). Puffing of HMT rices increased the viscoelastic property of the samples.ConclusionHMT thus majorly caused strengthening of molecular structure and rigidity which were reversed on puffing. This is the first report on adding value to HMT paddy through puffing expansion.Significance and NoveltyHMT_NP and HMT_P rice samples can have specific end uses in food industries. HMT_P can be particularly useful as viscosity enhancer in powder form, and to impart brittle texture in chocolate‐coated wafers and bars as whole grain.
Tubular Polypyrrole with Chloride Ion Dopants as an Ultrafast Organic Anode for High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Mingbo , Du Xianfeng , Chen Xizi , Liang Sen , Liang Zhongshuai , Li Zhuo , Cao Xun , Huang Shan , Xie Yuehong , Wang Shixin , Ma Jingjing , Xiong Lilong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy), as a representative p‐type conductive polymer, attracts wide attention for energy storage materials. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and low specific capacity of PPy impede its application in high‐power lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, tubular PPy with chloride and methyl orange (MO) anionic dopants is synthesized and investigated as an anode for LIBs. The Cl− and MO anionic dopants can increase the ordered aggregation and the conjugation length of pyrrolic chains, forming plentiful conductive domains and affecting the conduction channel inside the pyrrolic matrix, thereby achieving fast charge transfer and Li+ ion diffusion, low ion transfer energy barriers, and rapid reaction kinetics. On account of the above synergistic effect, PPy electrodes deliver a high specific capacity of 2067.8 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and a remarkable rate capacity of 1026 mAh g−1at 10 A g−1, realizing high energy density (724 Wh kg−1) and power density (7237 W kg−1) simultaneously.
l‐Lysine Stabilized FeNi Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Reduction of Biomass‐Derived Substrates in Water Using Magnetic Induction
Authors: Raya‐Barón Álvaro , Mazarío Jaime , Mencia Gabriel , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reduction of biomass‐derived compounds gives access to valuable chemicals from renewable sources, circumventing the use of fossil feedstocks. Herein, we describe the use of iron‐nickel magnetic nanoparticles for the reduction of biomass model compounds in aqueous media under magnetic induction. Nanoparticles with a hydrophobic ligand (FeNi3‐PA, PA=palmitic acid) have been employed successfully, and their catalytic performance is intended to improve by ligand exchange with lysine (FeNi3‐Lys and FeNi3@Ni‐Lys NPs) to enhance water dispersibility. All three catalysts have been used to hydrogenate 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan with complete selectivity and almost quantitative yields, using 3 bar of H2 and a magnetic field of 65 mT in water. These catalysts have been recycled up to 10 times maintaining high conversions. Under the same conditions, levulinic acid has been hydrogenated to γ‐valerolactone, and 4’‐hydroxyacetophenone hydrodeoxygenated to 4‐ethylphenol, with conversions up to 70 % using FeNi3‐Lys, and selectivities above 85 % in both cases. This promising catalytic system improves biomass reduction sustainability by avoiding noble metals and expensive ligands, increasing energy efficiency via magnetic induction heating, using low H2 pressure, and proving good reusability while working in an aqueous medium.
Human EGFRvIII chimeric antigen receptor T cells demonstrate favorable safety profile and curative responses in orthotopic glioblastoma
Authors: Abbott Rebecca C , Iliopoulos Melinda , Watson Katherine A , Arcucci Valeria , Go Margareta , Hughes‐Parry Hannah E , Smith Pete , Call Melissa J , Cross Ryan S , Jenkins Misty R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesGlioblastoma is a highly aggressive and fatal brain malignancy, and effective targeted therapies are required. The combination of standard treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not curative. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are known to cross the blood–brain barrier, mediating antitumor responses. A tumor‐expressed deletion mutant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) is a robust CAR T cell target in glioblastoma. Here, we show our de novo generated, high‐affinity EGFRvIII‐specific CAR; GCT02, demonstrating curative efficacy in human orthotopic glioblastoma models.MethodsThe GCT02 binding epitope was predicted using Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS). GCT02 CAR T cell cytotoxicity was investigated in three glioblastoma models in vitro using the IncuCyte platform, and cytokine secretion with a cytometric bead array. GCT02 in vivo functionality was demonstrated in two NSG orthotopic glioblastoma models. The specificity profile was generated by measuring T cell degranulation in response to coculture with primary human healthy cells.ResultsThe GCT02 binding location was predicted to be located at a shared region of EGFR and EGFRvIII; however, the in vitro functionality remained exquisitely EGFRvIII specific. A single CAR T cell infusion generated curative responses in two orthotopic models of human glioblastoma in NSG mice. The safety analysis further validated the specificity of GCT02 for mutant‐expressing cells.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the preclinical functionality of a highly specific CAR targeting EGFRvIII on human cells. This CAR could be an effective treatment for glioblastoma and warrants future clinical investigation.
Enhancing Thermo‐Osmotic Low‐Grade Heat Recovery by Applying a Negative Pressure to the Feed
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Li Ji , Zhang Zikang , Liu Wei , Liu Zhichun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA newly developed technology, thermo‐osmotic energy conversion (TOEC), is supposed to convert low‐grade heat into power. However, the performance of existing TOEC experiments is deficient. This paper discusses the feasibility of strengthening TOEC by applying negative pressure to the feed liquid, which can reduce air pressure in the membrane pores and molecular diffusion resistance. Theoretical calculation shows that when the cooling and heating temperatures are 40 and 80 °C, respectively, and the transmembrane pressure difference is 5.0 MPa, the TOEC system with a negative pressure of 0.5 bar at the feed side can approach an efficiency of 3.01% and a power density of 16.85 W m−2, which increases by 20% and 27% compared with no negative pressure, respectively. Given the nonuniformity in the real system, computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to obtain the correction factor, which is then used to revise the theory prediction results for the first time. Moreover, a lab‐scale experiment also proves that a negative pressure at the feed benefits the performance of the TOEC device. Overall, this research presents a feasible method to enhance a TOEC system, which may promote the development of a more‐efficiently TOEC system for low‐grade heat utilization.
Response of dissolved organic carbon dynamics to salinity in a Constructed Fen Peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands region
Authors: Prystupa Emily , Davidson Scott J. , Price Jonathan , Strack Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn northern Alberta, oil sands mining disturbs the boreal landscape, and reclamation to an ‘equivalent land capability’ is required. Industry is testing peatland construction as part of landscape reclamation. To determine if constructed peatlands can be self‐sustaining, an understanding of the cycling of solutes in pore water and their interactions with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is needed since DOC can represent an important carbon loss from peatlands. DOC is of interest due to its biotic origin and use by the microbial community and impact on carbon budgets. Additionally, salinity as a control on DOC quantity and quality may be important in oil sands reclaimed systems due to the likelihood of elevated sodium (Na+) from saline groundwater input derived from tailings used to construct catchments, and natural sources. For this research, DOC concentration and quality, and Na+ concentration were measured in the rooting zone (10 and 30 cm depth) of Nikanotee Fen to evaluate the role of Na+ in DOC dynamics. DOC concentration and quality suggested that DOC in the fen was largely sourced from vegetation inputs, with quality also suggesting increases in vegetation inputs between years. Elevated Na+ at 30 cm below ground surface corresponded with high concentrations of labile DOC. At 10 cm below ground surface, sampling location and temperature were the best predictors of DOC concentration and quality. With expected increases in Na+, increased production of mobile and microbially active DOC may lead to higher rates of carbon export.
Peer ethnic/racial socialization in adolescence: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Wang Yijie , Lin Sylvia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeer groups are a central socialization setting in adolescence, and an emerging body of research has started to investigate the influence of peers on how adolescents understand, think about, and act on issues of ethnicity and race. This commentary summarizes the existing research that has investigated peer ethnic/racial socialization (ERS) and its associations with adolescent outcomes, highlighting the need to better understand: (1) what peers are doing related to issues of ethnicity/race; (2) who these peers are; (3) in what contexts peer ERS occurs; and (4) how peer ERS changes over time in adolescence. We hope the commentary, along with recent theoretical work seeking to unpack the complexity of ethnic/racial messages that young people receive across various developmental settings, will help generate more research to better understand the content, sources, and context of ERS, as well as its developmental changes over time.Highlights
Peer groups are a central socialization setting in adolescence, and an emerging body of research hasstarted to examine the influence of peers on how adolescents understand, think about, and act on issues of ethnicity and race.
This commentary summarizes the existing research that has investigated peer ethnic/racial socialization (ERS) and its associations with adolescent outcomes.
The commentary highlights the need to betterunderstand 1) what peers are doing related to issues of ethnicity/race, 2)who these peers are, 3) in what contexts peer ERS occurs, and 4) how peerERS changes over time in adolescence.
The commentary seeks to generate more researchto better unpack the complexity of ERS across various developmental settings.
3‐Dmolecular stars with covalent axial bonding
Authors: Guan Xiao‐Ling , Sun Rui , Jin Bo , Yuan Caixia , Wu Yan‐Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn designing three‐dimensional (3‐D) molecular stars, it is very difficult to enhance the molecular rigidity through forming the covalent bonds between the axial and equatorial groups because corresponding axial groups will generally break the delocalized π bond over equatorial frameworks and thus break their star‐like arrangement. In this work, exemplified by designing the 3‐D stars Be2©Be5E5+(E = Au, Cl, Br, I) with three delocalized σ bonds and delocalized π bond over the central Be2©Be5moiety, we propose that the desired covalent bonding can be achieved by forming the delocalized σ bond(s) and delocalized π bond(s) simultaneously between the axial groups and equatorial framework. The covalency and rigidity of axial bonding can be demonstrated by the total Wiberg bond indices of 1.46–1.65 for axial Be atoms and ultrashort Be‐Be distances of 1.834–1.841 Å, respectively. Beneficial also from the σ and π double aromaticity, these mono‐cationic 3‐D molecular stars are dynamically viable global energy minima with well‐defined electronic structures, as reflected by wide HOMO‐LUMO gaps (4.68–5.06 eV) and low electron affinities (4.70–4.82 eV), so they are the promising targets in the gas phase generation, mass‐separation, and spectroscopic characterization.