bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of ligament biomechanics on proximal junctional kyphosis and failure in patients with adult spinal deformity
Authors: Blais Micah , Shahidi Bahar , Anderson Brad , O'Brien Eli , Moltzen Courtney , Iannacone Tina , Eastlack Robert K. , Mundis Gregory M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeIt is unknown whether the biomechanics of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) are impaired in individuals undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Characterizing these properties may improve our understanding of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK; defined as proximal junctional angle [PJA] of >10 deg from UIV‐1 to UIV + 2), as well as proximal junctional failure (PJF; symptomatic PJK requiring revision). The purpose of this prospective observational study is to compare biomechanical properties of the PLC in individuals with ASD who do, and do not develop PJK or PJF within 1 year of spinal fusion surgery.MethodsIntraoperative biopsies of PLC were obtained from 32 consecutive patients undergoing spinal fusions for ASD (>4 levels). Ligament peak force, tensile stress, tensile strain, and elastic modulus (EM) were measured with a materials testing system. Biomechanical properties and tissue dimensions were correlated with age, gender, BMI, vitamin D level, osteoporosis, sagittal alignment, PJA and change in PJA preoperatively, within 3 months, and at 1 year postoperatively.ResultsLonger ligaments were associated with greater PJA change at 3 months (p = 0.04), and thinner ligaments were associated with greater PJA change at 1 year (r = 0.57, p = 0.01). Greater EM was associated with greater PJA at both 3 months and 1 year (p = 0.03). Five participants had a change in PJA of >10 1 year postoperatively, and three participants demonstrated PJF. EM was significantly higher in individuals who required revision surgery (p = 0.003), and ligament length was greater (p = 0.03). Preoperative sagittal alignment was not related to incidence of revision surgery (p > 0.10).ConclusionsThe biomechanical properties of the PLC may be associated with higher risk for proximal failure. Ligaments that are longer, thinner, and less elastic are associated with higher postoperative PJA. Furthermore stiffer EM of the ligament is associated with the need for revision surgery.
Time, climate, and soil settings set the course for reclamation outcomes following dryland energy development
Authors: Lupardus Randi , Sengsirirak Aarin , Griffen Keven , Knight Anna C. , McNellis Brandon E. , Bradford John B. , Munson Seth M. , Reed Sasha C. , Villarreal Miguel L. , Duniway Michael C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoil attributes, climate, and time since reclamation have important implications for oil and gas reclamation success on drylands. It is uncertain if reclaimed well pads, on highly degraded drylands, can successfully regain ecological function or meet indicator benchmarks for reclamation. Here, our goals were to assess patterns in reclamation outcomes relative to (1) soil attributes, climate, and time since reclamation; and (2) plant and soil reference benchmarks. We collected a suite of plant, soil, and landscape characteristics from 134 reclaimed well pads on the Colorado Plateau that spanned climate and soil gradients and ranged from 2 to 20 years post‐reclamation, then compared characteristics to those from 583 reference plots. On the reclaimed pads, less saline soils, more mesic climates, and longer time since reclamation were associated with favorable reclamation outcomes based on metrics of plant species richness and diversity, plant structure, and cover of important plant functional groups. However, most pads had major departures in 1/4 indicators, suggesting unsuccessful reclamation. Arid warm locations with shallow soils had the greatest percentage of major departures, and noxious plant richness had the greatest departures across soil and climate settings. Our assessment indicates reclamation is failing in key metrics for most pads, and the results highlight the role of environmental conditions in driving reclamation outcomes. These new insights are valuable for ascertaining possible reclamation outcomes and success rates following energy related disturbance, including orphaned wells and renewable energy development. Importantly, the approach used here has applicability for setting benchmarks and outcome standards.
A phase‐field model for hydraulic fracture nucleation and propagation in porous media
Authors: Fei Fan , Costa Andre , Dolbow John E. , Settgast Randolph R. , Cusini Matteo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany geo‐engineering applications, for example, enhanced geothermal systems, rely on hydraulic fracturing to enhance the permeability of natural formations and allow for sufficient fluid circulation. Over the past few decades, the phase‐field method has grown in popularity as a valid approach to modeling hydraulic fracturing because of the ease of handling complex fracture propagation geometries. However, existing phase‐field methods cannot appropriately capture nucleation of hydraulic fractures because their formulations are solely energy‐based and do not explicitly take into account the strength of the material. Thus, in this work, we propose a novel phase‐field formulation for hydraulic fracturing with the main goal of modeling fracture nucleation in porous media, for example, rocks. Built on the variational formulation of previous phase‐field methods, the proposed model incorporates the material strength envelope for hydraulic fracture nucleation through two important steps: (i) an external driving force term, included in the damage evolution equation, that accounts for the material strength; (ii) a properly designed damage function that defines the fluid pressure contribution on the crack driving force. The comparison of numerical results for two‐dimensional test cases with existing analytical solutions demonstrates that the proposed phase‐field model can accurately model both nucleation and propagation of hydraulic fractures. Additionally, we present the simulation of hydraulic fracturing in a three‐dimensional domain with various stress conditions to demonstrate the applicability of the method to realistic scenarios.
Insurance Status is Associated With Recurrence in Cutaneous Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Victor Mitchell T. , Zheng Wynne , Park Soo J. , Jiang Shang I. Brian , Guo Theresa W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify socioeconomic factors influencing the presentation and outcomes of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cHNSCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic medical center with comprehensive cancer center.MethodsPatients treated for cHNSCC at a single institution between 2008 and 2022 were included. Demographic, socioeconomic data and disease characteristics were obtained from medical record abstraction. Outcome measures included tumor stage, number of distinct primaries, recurrence, and disease‐related death. χ2 and Mann‐Whitney tests were implemented to evaluate clinicopathologic distributions across disease stages. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 346 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age at presentation and length of follow‐up was 70.8 and 3.1 years, respectively. The majority of the cohort was white, male, and English‐speaking. 13.3% of patients were underinsured and 27.5% were immunosuppressed. Patients who presented with advanced disease were more likely to be underinsured (21.7% vs 9.6%, P = .006) and have a history of homelessness (8.5% vs 2.1%, P = .014). Immunosuppressed patients were more likely to be underinsured (P = .009). Insurance status (1.97 [1.06‐3.66], P = .032) and immune status (2.35 [1.30‐4.26], P = .005) were independently associated with worse recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionSocioeconomic factors that influence access to care, such as insurance status, are associated with cHNSCC disease stage and disease recurrence. These factors may impose barriers that delay diagnosis and treatment. This may result in worse disease‐related outcomes and greater treatment‐associated morbidity for certain patients.
Finite‐horizon H∞ tracking control for discrete‐time linear systems
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Wei , Liang Xiaofeng , Zuo Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, model‐free finite‐horizon tracking control for discrete‐time linear systems is studied. By formulating an augmented system consisting of the considered linear system and the command generator system, an augmented time‐varying Riccati equation whose solutions can achieve the finite‐horizon tracking control is derived. Then, a time‐varying Q‐function which contains the control input and disturbance input is designed. A time‐varying Q‐function‐based method is developed to learn the solutions of the finite‐horizon tracking control problem without knowing the system model information nor any model identification methods. It is proved that the solutions of the time‐varying Q‐function‐based method converge to the optimal solutions of the augmented time‐varying Riccati equation. At last, simulation examples are provided to show the feasibility and advantages of the time‐varying Q‐function‐based method compared to the infinite‐horizon Q‐learning‐based tracking control method.
Realizing environmental sustainability development through the efficiency of Web 3.0 on supply chain resilience
Authors: Ping‐Kuo Chen , Yong Ye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLimited research has addressed the potential of Web 3.0 to facilitate the green supply chain and support sustainable development goals. Although some studies have suggested the efficiency of Web 3.0 in promoting a green supply chain, lack empirical evidence explaining how this efficiency is generated remains scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate this matter. By drawing upon relevant literature and leveraging the natural resource‐based view, a conceptual model is constructed and validated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The analysis reveals that Web 3.0 can foster the formation of consensual thinking through its decentralized mechanism. This, in turn, enables firms to generate perceived value based on the efficiency of consensual thinking, leading to an increased intention to build mutual trust and facilitate green knowledge sharing among firms. Furthermore, the controllability provided by a permissioned mechanism enhances information security, guiding mutual trust among firms to evolve into trustless cooperation. As a result, firms exhibit full trust in each other, facilitating smoother green knowledge sharing. The influence of mutual trust and trustless cooperation in promoting green knowledge sharing contributes to the resilience of the supply chain and ultimately leads to superior green performance, contributing to environmentally sustainable development. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of the green supply chain and Web 3.0, filling a gap in the existing literature.
Rapid Estimation of Ethanol Concentration using Acousto‐Optic Diffraction
Authors: Nividha  , Shukla Ashish K. , Maiti Arnab , Bharat Biswajit , Jayaprakash K. R. , Khatua Saumyakanti , Thareja Prachi , Dey Krishna K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFast and accurate determination of ethanol concentration is important in alcohol industries for testing the purity and quality of their products. Here, we demonstrate a quick, robust, and accurate technique to estimate the concentration of ethanol in aqueous solutions. Our method utilizes the principle of diffraction of light in the presence of high frequency ultrasound waves that create diffraction grating in solution. A monochromatic light interacts with this acoustic grating and produces an intensity distribution pattern, which was used to determine the ethanol concentration. We measured ethanol concentrations in various alcoholic solutions and beverages at room temperature with very high accuracy down to 2 % over a concentration range of 30–100 %. The experimental results have been supported with analytical calculations and simulations. We believe that our method will benefit alcohol production industries and lead to the development of portable, inexpensive, and reliable ethanol concentration measurement devices.
Stretchable and Self‐Healable Fiber‐Shaped Conductors Suitable for Harsh Environments
Authors: Rong Mingming , Chen Dongdong , Hu Hong , Chen Fan , Zhang Yaokang , Xie Chuan , Chen Zijian , Yu You , Xie Yujie , Yao Haimin , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFiber‐shaped conductors with high electrical conductivity, stretchability, and durability have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for integration into arbitrary wearable forms. However, these fiber conductors still suffer from low reliability and short life span, particularly in harsh environments. Herein, a conductive, environment‐tolerant, stretchable, and healable fiber conductor (CESH), which consists of a self‐healable and stretchable organohydrogel fiber core, a conductive and buckled silver nanowire coating, and a self‐healable and waterproof protective sheath, is reported. Such a multilayer core–sheath design not only offers high stretchability (≈2400%), high electrical conductivity (1.0 × 106 S m−1), outstanding self‐healing ability and durability, but also possesses unprecedented tolerance in harsh environments including wide working temperature (−60–20 °C), arid (≈10 % RH (RH: room humidity)), and underwater conditions. As proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, CESHs are integrated into various wearable formats as interconnectors to steadily perform the electric function under different mechanical deformations and harsh conditions. Such a new type of multifunctional fiber conductors can bridge the gap in stretchable and self‐healing fiber technologies by providing ultrastable electrical conductance and excellent environmental tolerance, which can greatly expand the range of applications for fiber conductors.
Potential of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in treatment of lupus nephritis: addressing the hurdles to implementation
Authors: Smith Carine , du Toit Riette , Ollewagen Tracey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUp to 50% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients world-wide develop lupus nephritis (LN). In low to middle income countries and in particular in sub-Saharan Africa, where SLE is prevalent with a more aggressive course, LN and end stage renal disease is a major cause of mortality. While developed countries have the funding to invest in SLE and LN research, patients of African descent are often underrepresented in clinical trials. Thus, the complex influence of ethnicity and genetic background on outcome of LN and SLE as a whole, is not fully understood. Several pathophysiological mechanisms including major role players driving LN have been identified. A large body of literature suggest that prevention of fibrosis—which contributes to chronicity of LN—may significantly improve long-term prognosis. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) was first identified as a therapeutic option in this context decades ago and evidence of its benefit in various conditions, including LN, is ever-increasing. Despite these facts, BMP-7 is not being implemented as therapy in the context of renal disease. With this review, we briefly summarise current understanding of LN pathology and discuss the evidence in support of therapeutic potential of BMP-7 in this context. Lastly, we address the obstacles that need to be overcome, before BMP-7 may become available as LN treatment.
Modelling and analysing supply chain disruption: a case of online grocery retailer
Authors: Mogale D. G. , Wang Xun , Demir Emrah , Rodrigues Vasco Sanchez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSupply Chains (SCs) are becoming more vulnerable to disruption risks because of globalisation, competitiveness, and uncertainties. This study is motivated by an online grocery retailer in the UK that experienced multiple disruption risks, such as demand and supply shocks, facility closures, and disruption propagation simultaneously in 2020. The main purpose of this study is to model and perform quantitative analyses of a range of SC disruption risks affecting the UK online retailer. We have attempted to study how UK retailers responded to the first and second waves of the pandemic and the effect on multiple products. Six scenarios are developed based on SC disruption risks and their impacts on SC performance are analysed. The quantitative analysis of two strategies used by grocery retailers during the pandemic, namely vulnerable priority delivery slots and rationing of products, illustrates that rationing of products had a greater SC impact than the use of priority delivery slots. The effects of two resilience strategies, backup supplier and ramping up distribution centre capacity, are also quantified and discussed. Novel managerial insights and theoretical implications are discussed to make online grocery SC more resilient and robust during future disruptions.
Value creation and capture in decentralized finance markets: Non-fungible tokens as a class of digital assets
Authors: Schwiderowski Jan , Pedersen Asger Balle , Jensen Jonas Kasper , Beck Roman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInformation technology (IT) has radically changed the financial services industry, with the most recent transformation toward Fintech and decentralized finance (DeFi), driven by blockchain. Especially, non-fungible token (NFT) assets within DeFi are redefining how value is created and disseminated, for instance, in the art industry. However, DeFi and NFT market dynamics are not yet well understood. Using a thematic analysis based on 14 interviews with major NFT stakeholders (i.e., marketplace providers, artists, and investing collectors), we identify these NFT stakeholders’ different motivations and strategic options and explain the value creation and capture dynamics in the NFT art market resulting from their interactions. We argue for decomposing an NFT’s value into an NFT-intrinsic and an NFT-extrinsic part. Finally, we elaborate that art NFTs are not a new class of assets because many of their properties are similar to related assets such as physical art and cryptocurrencies.
A Mega-Analysis of the Relationship Between Breath Counting Test Performance and Subscales of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Authors: Ching April Shi Min , Lim Julian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The assessment of mindfulness has relied predominantly on self-report questionnaires, indicating a need for alternative methods based on objective data. The Breath-Counting Task (BCT) has been proposed as a viable candidate by several mindfulness researchers, but has been subject to relatively little scientific scrutiny.

Method
We conducted a mega-analysis using combined data from five separate studies, using multiple linear regression models to examine the relationship between BCT performance and self-reported mindfulness after controlling for age and gender. We examined associations with trait mindfulness as indexed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).

Results
Accuracy on the BCT correlated only with a combined dataset of z-scores derived from FFMQ-Acting with Awareness and MAAS. We also examined associations with two different types of task errors: miscounts (uncaught errors) and resets (self-caught errors). While reset rates correlated with FFMQ-Acting with Awareness, miscount rates did not correlate with any mindfulness measure.

Conclusions
Our analyses provide confirmatory evidence that BCT performance is related to the attentional aspects of trait mindfulness and not its attitudinal aspects – however the relevant correlations are fairly small. In seeking an objective measure of mindful attention, the weak association observed with BCT resets and the lack thereof with BCT accuracy suggests more promise in paradigms based on self-monitoring lapses of attention, while sustained attention tasks such as the present BCT may be of limited application among individuals new to meditation due to their lack of prior practice.
A geostatistical approach to estimate flow duration curve parameters in ungauged basins
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Vazirian Majid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlow duration curve represents the percentage of time that a river flow is equal to or greater. As these curves provide a direct response to the behavior of water resources in a basin, which is used widely in hydropower projects, it is important to predict flow duration curves in no metering basins, named “ungagged basins.” The geostatistical approach to predict the values of these curves in non-measured stations shows the expansion of the range of studies in this topic. The aim of this study is to predict the flow duration curve over long periods of time in a basin with ungauged regions using probability kriging, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Flow data from 38 flow measuring stations in the Dez Basin were used to map different discharges of the flow duration curve, and as a result, in order to complete their values, zone and quantify them, three different values of Q10, Q50 and Q90 of the flow duration curve acquired. The results show that as the flow rate increases (or the time percentage decreases), the amount of computational error increases and in all cases, the probability kriging method has a smaller error (0.96) than the IDW (1.65) and ML (1.15) methods.
Healthy Eating Policy and Public Reason in a Complex World: Normative and Empirical Issues
Authors: Barnhill Anne , Bonotti Matteo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWho gets to decide what it means to live a healthy lifestyle, and how important a healthy lifestyle is to a good life? As more governments make preventing obesity and diet-related illness a priority, it has become more important to consider the ethics and acceptability of their efforts. When it comes to laws and policies that promote healthy eating—such as special taxes on sugary drinks or programs to encourage consumption of fruits and vegetables—critics argue that these policies are paternalistic, and that they limit individual autonomy over food choices. In our book Healthy Eating Policy and Political Philosophy: A Public Reason Approach (Barnhill and Bonotti 2022), we argue that both paternalistic justifications for healthy eating efforts and anti-paternalistic arguments against them can be grounded in perfectionist views that overly prioritize some values over others. We therefore propose a more inclusive, public reason approach to healthy eating policy that will be appealing to those who take pluralism and cultural diversity seriously, by providing a framework through which different kinds of values, including but not limited to autonomy and health, can be factored into the public justification for healthy eating efforts. Additionally, the book adopts a ‘farm to fork’ approach to the ethics of healthy eating efforts: it engages with theories and debates in political philosophy, considers the implications of different theoretical positions for healthy eating efforts, and then develops a framework for assessing policies that can be used by researchers and policymakers. As well as offering a novel normative analysis of healthy eating policy, we also provide a theoretical framework that will be applicable beyond healthy eating policy to a wide range of public policy scenarios. We are extremely grateful to the contributors to this symposium for their thoughtful commentaries on our book. In this article, we provide a critical reflection on the issues they raise with regard to some key aspects of our analysis.