bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Sliding-Lengthening Approach to Tendon Lengthening with a Locking Mechanism Suture: A Technical Note
Authors: Iwase Dai , Metoki Yukie , Aikawa Jun , Uchida Kentaro , Fukushima Kensuke , Matsuo Takashi , Matsuo Atsushi , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere are various techniques used for tendon lengthening, of which Z-lengthening and sliding-lengthening are the most frequently performed. In patients with cerebral palsy, tendon lengthening may often be necessary at multiple sites. However, they can cause various complications, such as inaccurate extension, overextension, and a lack of tendon continuity. We modified the sliding-lengthening technique with a locking mechanism to address these issues. This technical note aims to describe the surgical technique and pitfalls associated with the modified sliding-lengthening approach and suture locking mechanism. The tendon was exposed and stabilized using sterilized spitz tubes and was then threaded so that each loop length was equivalent to the amount of tendon extension. Symmetrical hemisection of both ends of the tendon was performed, and the tendon was carefully extended to create a tense loop. The modified sliding-lengthening technique with the locking suture mechanism may be an advantageous method that accurately addresses extension volume, prevents hyperextension, and maintains tendon continuity, even when smaller incisions are used.
A pragmatic perspective on AI transparency at workplace
Authors: Al-Sulaiti Ghanim , Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Chauhan Lokendra , Lucas Ji , Chawla Sanjay , Elmagarmid Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been widely used in different contexts and professions. However, with these systems developing and becoming more complex, they have transformed into black boxes that are difficult to interpret and explain. Therefore, urged by the wide media coverage of negative incidents involving AI, many scholars and practitioners have called for AI systems to be transparent and explainable. In this study, we examine transparency in AI-augmented settings, such as in workplaces, and perform a novel analysis of the different jobs and tasks that can be augmented by AI. Using more than 1000 job descriptions and 20,000 tasks from the O*NET database, we analyze the level of transparency required to augment these tasks by AI. Our findings indicate that the transparency requirements differ depending on the augmentation score and perceived risk category of each task. Furthermore, they suggest that it is important to be pragmatic about transparency, and they support the growing viewpoint regarding the impracticality of the notion of full transparency.
Projection-iterated method for solving numerically the nonlinear mixed integral equation in position and time
Authors: Al Hazmi Sharifah E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we consider a nonlinear Volterra-Hammerstein integral equation of the second kind (V-HIESK). The existence of a unique solution to the integral equation, under certain conditions, is guaranteed. The projection method was used, as the best numerical method. This method is better than the previous methods in the possibility of obtaining the lowest relative error. The method of obtaining the best approximate solution, through the projection method, depends on presenting three consecutive algorithms and depends mainly on the method of iterative projection (P-IM). In each algorithm, we get the approximate solution and the corresponding relative error. Moreover, we demonstrated that the estimated error of P-IM in the first algorithm is better than that of the successive approximation method (SAM). Some numerical results were calculated, and the error estimate was computed, in each case. Finally, the numerical results have been compared between this method and previous research, and it is clear through the same examples that the relative error of the first algorithm is better than the comparative error in the other methods.
Impact of phenotypic rapid diagnostic assay on duration of empiric antibiotics for gram-negative bacteremia
Authors: Mohayya Sana M. , Arsalan Mohammad , Narayanan Navaneeth , Patel Purvi , Hong Christin G. , Kirn Thomas J. , Bhatt Pinki J. , Bhowmick Tanaya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are increasingly being implemented as antimicrobial stewardship tools to facilitate antibiotic modification and reduce complications related to their overutilization. We measured the clinical impact of a phenotypic RDT with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the setting of gram-negative bacteremia.

Setting and participants:
In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we evaluated adult patients with gram-negative bacteremia who received at least 72 hours of an antibiotic.

Methods:
The primary outcome was the duration of empiric antibiotic therapy for gram-negative bacteremia. Secondary outcomes included time-to-directed therapy, proportion of modifications, hospital length of stay (LOS), and subsequent infection with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) or C. difficile infection (CDI).

Results:
The duration of empiric antibiotics decreased in the RDT+AMS group (4 days vs 2 days; P < .01). Time to directed therapy decreased from 75.0 to 27.9 hours (P < .01).

Conclusions:
The clinical outcomes of LOS, MDRO, and CDI were reduced. The phenotypic RDT demonstrated an improvement in stewardship measures and clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of stress markers in horses during hippotherapy sessions in comparison to being ridden by beginners
Authors: Potier Julie FN , Louzier Vanessa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hippotherapy has been used for decades and its benefits to human patients have largely been proven, whether being applied to those with physical or mental disabilities. There have been a plethora of animal welfare studies recently, pertaining especially to ridden horses. This study aimed to investigate stress markers in horses during hippotherapy sessions to address the ethical considerations raised by using horses for therapy. A ridden stress ethogram was established and validated specifically for this study via subjective observation and video recording of a ridden session involving intermediate-level riders. The experiment entailed eight healthy horses undergoing two ridden sessions on separate days, one with disabled riders and one with beginners. Several parameters associated with physiological responses to stress were evaluated at rest, such as heart rate, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], serum and salivary cortisol. These parameters as well as the behavioural stress score from the ethogram scale were measured during both sessions. No significant differences were found between heart rate, plasma ACTH, and stress scores. Serum and salivary cortisol were significantly lower during the hippotherapy session than during the session with beginners. The current study found no evidence of compromised welfare when horses were used as a therapeutic aid during hippotherapy sessions compared to their usual ridden activity. Although these results indicate that hippotherapy may be ethically justified as it benefits humans without causing harm to the horses, the present study was small, and the results should be interpreted with caution.
Rituximab for Pediatric Central Nervous System Inflammatory Disorders in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Pecuh Ihor , Slobodan Jeremy , McCombe Jennifer A. , Morneau-Jacob Francois-Dominique , Smyth Penelope , Wilbur Colin 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT:Background:Early and effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders is vital to reduce neurologic morbidity and improve long-term outcomes in affected children. Rituximab is a B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody whose off-label use for these disorders is funded in the province of Alberta, Canada, by the Short-Term Exceptional Drug Therapy (STEDT) program. This study describes the use of rituximab for pediatric CNS inflammatory disorders in Alberta.Methods:Rituximab applications for CNS inflammatory indications in patients <18 years of age were identified from the STEDT database between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. Patient information was linked to other provincial datasets including the Discharge Abstract Database, Pharmaceutical Information Network, and Provincial Laboratory data. Analysis was descriptive.Results:Fifty-one unique rituximab applications were identified, of which 50 were approved. New applications increased from one in 2012 to a high of 12 in 2018. The most common indication was autoimmune encephalitis without a specified antibody (n = 16, 31%). Most children were approved for a two-dose (n = 33, 66%) or four-dose (n = 16, 32%) induction regimen. Physician-reported outcomes were available for 24 patients, of whom 14 (58%) were felt to have fully met outcome targets.Conclusion:The use of rituximab for pediatric CNS inflammatory disorders has increased, particularly for the indication of autoimmune encephalitis. This study identified significant heterogeneity in dosing practices and laboratory monitoring. Standardized protocols for the use of rituximab in these disorders and more robust outcome reporting will help better define the safety and efficacy of rituximab in this population
A peer support dietary change intervention for encouraging adoption and maintenance of the Mediterranean diet in a non-Mediterranean population (TEAM-MED): lessons learned and suggested improvements
Authors: Appleton Katherine M. , McEvoy Claire T. , Lloydwin Christina , Moore Sarah , Salamanca-Gonzalez Patricia , Cupples Margaret E. , Hunter Steven , Kee Frank , McCance David R. , Young Ian S. , McKinley Michelle C. , Woodside Jayne V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Peer support interventions for dietary change may offer cost-effective alternatives to interventions led by health professionals. This process evaluation of a trial to encourage the adoption and maintenance of a Mediterranean diet in a Northern European population at high CVD risk (TEAM-MED) aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a group-based peer support intervention for dietary change, positive elements of the intervention and aspects that could be improved. Data on training and support for the peer supporters; intervention fidelity and acceptability; acceptability of data collection processes for the trial and reasons for withdrawal from the trial were considered. Data were collected from observations, questionnaires and interviews, with both peer supporters and trial participants. Peer supporters were recruited and trained to result in successful implementation of the intervention; all intended sessions were run, with the majority of elements included. Peer supporters were complimentary of the training, and positive comments from participants centred around the peer supporters, the intervention materials and the supportive nature of the group sessions. Attendance at the group sessions, however, waned over the intervention, with suggested effects on intervention engagement, enthusiasm and group cohesion. Reduced attendance was reportedly a result of meeting (in)frequency and organisational concerns, but increased social activities and group-based activities may also increase engagement, group cohesion and attendance. The peer support intervention was successfully implemented and tested, but improvements can be suggested and may enhance the successful nature of these types of interventions. Some consideration of personal preferences may also improve outcomes.
Natural Disasters and Corporate Philanthropy: A Double Movement Perspective
Authors: Wan Guoguang , Wang Heli , Geng Xuesong , Huang Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis study examines Chinese corporations’ responses to a sudden natural disaster in terms of their philanthropic donations. We apply Polanyi's double movement perspective to argue that rapid market expansion in an emerging economy causes social problems such as large-income disparities and environmental degradation. This calls forth counterforces advocating social responsibility and sustainability. Such countermovements can be strengthened by a major disaster, especially in the domain of corporate philanthropy. The resulting increase in corporate philanthropy persists long after the disaster, especially for those firms with large intra-firm pay disparities, operating in socially contested industries and located in regions with more social foundations. Using the context of China's 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we find support for these arguments in a sample of Chinese public firms.
Between Arrogance and Despondency: The Shanghai Workers, the Communists, and the Strikes at the Japanese Cotton Mills of 1926
Authors: Yi Shensi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn June 1926, Shanghai cotton-mill workers initiated strikes at Japanese-owned factories in Xiaoshadu, protesting the dismissal of workers accused of arson in the workshop. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) recognized that Chinese workers’ actions should be aligned with their labor movement strategy, and tried to control the scale of the strikes. In August, responding to an incident where Japanese sailors killed a Chinese man, the CCP redirected to launch a large-scale combined strike, catering to Chinese laborers’ demands of Japanese employers, but not accounting for practical market conditions. Drawing on a variety of sources, this article reveals that dissidence in leadership, weaknesses in grassroots organizations, and unrealized alliances made it impossible for the Communists, so-called the vanguard of the working class, to lead the summer strike. Contrarily, the cotton workers coerced the Communists and their controlled labor unions to maximize their benefits. By mid-September, it had failed, causing a serious setback for the CCP. Compared to the CCP's improvisation and confusion, the capitalists took wise countermeasures in the favorable economic climate of 1926, ultimately triumphing over the Communists and workers.
HIV care continuum outcomes among recently diagnosed people with HIV (PWH) in Washington, DC
Authors: Jaurretche Maria , Byrne Morgan , Happ Lindsey Powers , Levy Matt , Horberg Michael , Greenberg Alan , Castel Amanda D. , Monroe Anne K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative aims to decrease new HIV infections and promote test-and-treat strategies. Our aims were to establish a baseline of HIV outcomes among newly diagnosed PWH in Washington, DC (DC), a ‘hotspot’ for the HIV epidemic. We also examined sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with retention in care (RIC), antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and viral suppression (VS) among newly diagnosed PWH in the DC Cohort from 2011–2016. Among 455 newly diagnosed participants, 92% were RIC at 12 months, ART was initiated in 65% at 3 months and 91% at 12 months, VS in at least 17% at 3 months and 82% at 12 months and 55% of those with VS at 12 months had sustained VS for an additional 12 months. AIDS diagnosis was associated with RIC (aOR 2.99; 1.13–2.28), ART initiation by 3 months (aOR 2.58; 1.61–4.12) and VS by 12 months (aOR4.87; 1.69–14.03). This analysis contributes to our understanding of the HIV treatment dynamics of persons with recently diagnosed HIV infection in a city with a severe HIV epidemic.
Development and evaluation of the Food Bank Health and Nutrition Assessment
Authors: Nguyen Cassandra J , Kownacki Caitlin , Skaradzinski Veronica , Streitmatter Kaitlyn , Acevedo Stephanie , Ericson Stephen D , Hager Jessica E , McCaffrey Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:Efforts to improve the nutritional quality and health promotion in the charitable food system have been undertaken. Though methods exist to track these efforts in terms of food banks’ inventory, there are not research-tested tools to assess, monitor and influence policy, systems and environmental (PSE) changes. The study objective was to develop and evaluate a novel assessment tool that could be used to evaluate a food bank’s efforts to improve the promotion of health and nutritious foods.Design:The study had five phases: (1) initial development; (2) iterative review and revisions; (3) pilot testing; (4) content validity assessment and (5) inter-rater and test-retest assessment. The Food Bank Health and Nutrition Assessment (FB-HANA) was drafted after reviewing existing policies, nutrition-focused charitable food systems guidance and similar tools for food pantries.Setting:Midwestern United States.Participants:Eleven food banks.Results:Stakeholders and pilot testers provided initial feedback to refine the FB-HANA’s flow, ease of completion and collection of contextual information. External experts rated the FB-HANA and each of the eight objectives as content valid. A set of two assessments completed by twenty-six community-based professionals, employed by Extension and fourteen food bank staff across eleven food banks, supported moderate to excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability for the FB-HANA overall and each of its objectives.Conclusions:Evidence suggests that the FB-HANA can be used by either food bank or community-based professionals, such as Extension staff, to provide a perspective on ways food banks promote health and nutrition through PSE approaches.
Congo Basin Rainforest Is a Net Carbon Source During the Dry Season
Authors: Jiang Xun , Albright Ronald , Creecy Ellen , Li King‐Fai , Liang Mao‐Chang , Newman Sally , Wang Xinyue , Karandana Gamalathge Thishan Dharshana , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Congo basin, with an area of about 3.7 million km2 in the tropical region, contains the second largest rainforest and is considered as a carbon sink for the atmosphere. Here, using Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 satellite observations, we show that the atmospheric CO2 over the Congo basin is ∼2 ppm higher than the regional background during June–August, which is primarily due to biomass burning and significantly reduced photosynthetic activities during the dry season. The contribution from the biomass burning is larger than that from the biosphere during June–August. Current budget estimations suggest emissions from biomass burning during the dry season alone account for ∼72% of the Congo basin annual biomass burning emissions and are ∼40% more than the largest terrestrial uptake in the same region during January–March (wet season). Therefore, better seasonal fire management in this region is an important strategy for achieving timely reductions in global carbon emissions as set by international agreements.
Visco‐Collisional Scaling Law of Flow Resistance and Its Application in Debris‐Flow Mobility
Authors: Chen Qian , Song Dongri , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhong Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlow resistance against gravity‐driven forces is a key factor controlling debris‐flow mobility, which is an important parameter for hazard risk assessment. In practice, Manning's formula is widely used for debris‐flow mobility analysis. However, this formula depends on the boundary conditions (channel roughness) and neglects the physical mechanisms of debris flow. Based on the systematic analysis of the field observation data of 93 debris‐flow events at Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan Province, China), this study investigates the dynamic mechanisms and sources of flow resistance of debris flow. As the flows tend to be liquefied, the fluid viscous effect and particle collisions are the main sources of flow resistance. Flow resistance can be described by a visco‐collisional scaling law. Under fixed channel boundary conditions, this law is further incorporated into Manning's formula, bridging the gap between the resistance model based on physical mechanisms and the empirical formula of flow resistance. The modified Manning's coefficient is closely related to flow regimes, giving Manning's coefficient an explicit physical meaning. The modified Manning's coefficient provides a more reasonable basis for the mobility analysis and risk assessment of debris flow.
Peat Decomposition and Erosion Contribute to Pond Deepening in a Temperate Salt Marsh
Authors: Luk Sheron , Eagle Meagan J. , Mariotti Giulio , Gosselin Kelsey , Sanderman Jonathan , Spivak Amanda C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalt marsh ponds expand and deepen over time, potentially reducing ecosystem carbon storage and resilience. The water filled volumes of ponds represent missing carbon due to prevented soil accumulation and removal by erosion and decomposition. Removal mechanisms have different implications as eroded carbon can be redistributed while decomposition results in loss. We constrained ponding effects on carbon dynamics in a New England marsh and determined whether expansion and deepening impact nearby soils by conducting geochemical characterizations of cores from three ponds and surrounding high marshes and models of wind‐driven erosion. Radioisotope profiles demonstrate that ponds are not depositional environments and that contemporaneous marsh accretion represents prevented accumulation accounting for 32%–42% of the missing carbon. Erosion accounted for 0%–38% and was bracketed using radioisotope inventories and wind‐driven resuspension models. Decomposition, calculated by difference, removes 22%–68%, and when normalized over pond lifespans, produces rates that agree with previous metabolism measurements. Pond surface soils contain new contributions from submerged primary producers and evidence of microbial alteration of underlying peat, as higher levels of detrital biomarkers and thermal stability indices, compared to the marsh. Below pond surface horizons, soil properties and organic matter composition were similar to the marsh, indicating that ponding effects are shallow. Soil bulk density, elemental content, and accretion rates were similar between marsh sites but different from ponds, suggesting that lateral effects are spatially confined. Consequently, ponds negatively impact ecosystem carbon storage but at current densities are not causing pervasive degradation of marshes in this system.
Effects of Agricultural Large‐And Medium‐Sized Reservoirs on Hydrologic Processes in the Arid Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Sang Liyuan , Zhu Guofeng , Xu Yuanxiao , Sun Zhigang , Zhang Zhuanxia , Tong Huali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgricultural large and medium‐sized reservoirs in arid regions increase the water stresses within local hydrologic systems, adding to pressures on aquatic ecosystems and also threatening the sustainability of water resources. Yet, there is limited research concerning how agricultural reservoirs affect the hydrology of inland river basins, which has hampered a comprehensive assessment of sustainable water use in these systems. We explore the use of stable isotopes of water to evaluate the effects of agricultural reservoirs on hydrology and the sustainable use of water in the arid Shiyang River basin. Results show that agricultural large‐ and medium‐sized reservoirs in this arid region alter local isotopic hydrologic patterns increasing water‐body evaporation and enriching the isotopic composition of water near the reservoir. As a result, evaporation losses of reservoir water can be as high as 30.7% in downstream desert reservoirs. Reservoir water also exchanges with surrounding groundwater and contributes 22% to local precipitation due to reservoir evaporation. Detailed studies of individual reservoirs show that the isotopic composition is most enriched at the surface of the reservoir and then gradually depletes toward the bottom. The cumulative effect of multiple large and medium sized reservoirs profoundly alters hydrologic processes in inland river basins, leading to an evaporation‐led water loss in these systems.