bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the pathogenicity of patient-derived variants of MT-ATP6 in yeast
Authors: Baranowska Emilia , Niedzwiecka Katarzyna , Panja Chiranjit , Charles Camille , Dautant Alain , Poznanski Jarosław , di Rago Jean-Paul , Tribouillard-Tanvier Déborah , Kucharczyk Roza 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The list of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants detected in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases is constantly growing. Evaluating their functional consequences and pathogenicity is not easy, especially when they are found in only a limited number of patients together with wild-type mtDNA (heteroplasmy). Owing to its amenability to mitochondrial genetic transformation and incapacity to stably maintain heteroplasmy, and the strong evolutionary conservation of the proteins encoded in mitochondria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a convenient model to investigate the functional consequences of human mtDNA variants. We herein report the construction and energy-transducing properties of yeast models of eight MT-ATP6 gene variants identified in patients with various disorders: m.8843T&gt;C, m.8950G&gt;A, m.9016A&gt;G, m.9025G&gt;A, m.9029A&gt;G, m.9058A&gt;G, m.9139G&gt;A and m.9160T&gt;C. Significant defect in growth dependent on respiration and deficits in ATP production were observed in yeast models of m.8950G&gt;A, m.9025G&gt;A and m.9029A&gt;G, providing evidence of pathogenicity for these variants. Yeast models of the five other variants showed very mild, if any, effect on mitochondrial function, suggesting that the variants do not have, at least alone, the potential to compromise human health.
Upregulation of Tribbles decreases body weight and increases sleep duration
Authors: Popovic Rebeka , Yu Yizhou , Leal Nuno Santos , Fedele Giorgio , Loh Samantha H. Y. , Martins L. Miguel 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Eukaryotic Tribbles proteins are pseudoenzymes that regulate multiple aspects of intracellular signalling. Both Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian members of this family of pseudokinases act as negative regulators of insulin signalling. Mammalian tribbles pseudokinase (TRIB) genes have also been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased body weight, sleep problems and increased long-term mortality. Here, we investigated how manipulating the expression of Tribbles impacts body weight, sleep and mortality. We showed that the overexpression of Drosophila tribbles (trbl) in the fly fat body reduces both body weight and lifespan in adult flies without affecting food intake. Furthermore, it decreases the levels of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (DILP2; ILP2) and increases night-time sleep. The three genes encoding TRIBs of mammals, TRIB1, TRIB2 and TRIB3, show both common and unique features. As the three human TRIB genes share features with Drosophila trbl, we further explored the links between TRIB genetic variants and both body weight and sleep in the human population. We identified associations between the polymorphisms and expression levels of the pseudokinases and markers of body weight and sleep duration. We conclude that Tribbles pseudokinases are involved in the control of body weight, lifespan and sleep.
Artificial intelligence in lung cancer diagnostic imaging: a review of the reporting and conduct of research published 2018–2019
Authors: Logullo Patricia , MacCarthy Angela , Dhiman Paula , Kirtley Shona , Ma Jie , Bullock Garrett , Collins Gary S. 
Published: April 2023

Objective: This study aimed to describe the methodologies used to develop and evaluate models that use artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse lung images in order to detect, segment (outline borders of), or classify pulmonary nodules as benign or malignant. Methods: In October 2019, we systematically searched the literature for original studies published between 2018 and 2019 that described prediction models using AI to evaluate human pulmonary nodules on diagnostic chest images. Two evaluators independently extracted information from studies, such as study aims, sample size, AI type, patient characteristics, and performance. We summarised data descriptively. Results: The review included 153 studies: 136 (89%) development-only studies, 12 (8%) development and validation, and 5 (3%) validation-only. CT scans were the most common type of image type used (83%), often acquired from public databases (58%). Eight studies (5%) compared model outputs with biopsy results. 41 studies (26.8%) reported patient characteristics. The models were based on different units of analysis, such as patients, images, nodules, or image slices or patches. Conclusion: The methods used to develop and evaluate prediction models using AI to detect, segment, or classify pulmonary nodules in medical imaging vary, are poorly reported, and therefore difficult to evaluate. Transparent and complete reporting of methods, results and code would fill the gaps in information we observed in the study publications. Advances in knowledge: We reviewed the methodology of AI models detecting nodules on lung images and found that the models were poorly reported and had no description of patient characteristics, with just a few comparing models’ outputs with biopsies results. When lung biopsy is not available, lung-RADS could help standardise the comparisons between the human radiologist and the machine. The field of radiology should not give up principles from the diagnostic accuracy studies, such as the choice for the correct ground truth, just because AI is used. Clear and complete reporting of the reference standard used would help radiologists trust in the performance that AI models claim to have. This review presents clear recommendations about the essential methodological aspects of diagnostic models that should be incorporated in studies using AI to help detect or segmentate lung nodules. The manuscript also reinforces the need for more complete and transparent reporting, which can be helped using the recommended reporting guidelines.
ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΝΤΟΚΙΜΑΝΤΕΡ «Οάσεις Πρασίνου στην Αθήνα»
Authors: Αθανασιάδη Δανάη-Γεωργία , Ελευθερίου Ιωάννα 
Published: April 2023

The film «Green Oases in Athens» is an educational documentary which aims at informing its viewers about the urban green areas which can be found in the city of Athens. The educational documentary focuses its interest on three specific areas: the National Garden, the Firing Range of Kaisariani as well as the Veikou Grove. Through this film, the city of Athens is presented in detail, while issues such as those of lack of natural resources, pollution as well as the lack of green spaces in the capital city are addressed. The presentation of the «green oases» raises the attention of the audience towards the areas of green in Athens while it aims at altering the perception of the city as a mere concrete jungle. The interviews which take place along with the conclusion of the film are intended to puzzle the viewers and to offer them several ideas and choices regarding a certain area of green which they could potentially choose as «green» way out of the hustle and bustle of the metropolis.
.
Η εκπαιδευτική ταινία “Ο Κούρος του Σουνίου” ως διδακτικό εργαλείο στο πλαίσιο του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας
Authors: Λεωνίδα Ελευθερία , Μιχαηλίδου Χρυσούλα , Σκούρτη Σοφία , Τάταρη Παναγιώτα , Τσαγγαρή Γεωργία , Σοφός Αλιβίζος (Λοΐζος) 
Published: April 2023

“ Είμαι ο Κούρος του Σουνίου και έχω μια ιστορία να σας πω.” Με αυτή τη φράση η εκπαιδευτική ταινία μικρού μήκους με τίτλο “ Ο Κούρος του Σουνίου” επηρεασμένη από μυθοπλαστικά στοιχεία εξιστορεί τη ζωή και πορεία του Κούρου του Σουνίου διαμέσου των αιώνων. Ο Κούρος σε πρώτο πρόσωπο διηγείται την πορεία του από τη δημιουργία του έως τη θέση του σήμερα, περιγράφοντας με γλαφυρό τρόπο την απρόσμενη τροπή που πήρε η ζωή του. Από ένα άγαλμα στο Ναό του Ποσειδώνα κατέληξε σε ένα πηγάδι και μετά από πολλά χρόνια αναδύθηκε στην επιφάνεια όπου μέχρι σήμερα στέκεται στο Εθνικό και Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο. Η διάρκεια της εκπαιδευτικής ταινίας είναι 13:44 και ο εκπαιδευτικός στόχος της συγκεκριμένης ταινίας είναι η αξιοποίηση των οπτικοακουστικών μέσων για την παρουσίαση μιας διαφορετικής διάστασης των μαρμάρινων αγαλμάτων μέσα από τα μάτια ενός από αυτά. Η χρήση του μέσου αυτού θα ενισχύσει τα κίνητρα των θεατών για μάθηση, ενώ θα αυξήσει και το ενδιαφέρον τους. Η προσωποποίηση του Κούρου θα τους ευαισθητοποιήσει, ενώ παράλληλα θα μάθουν πληροφορίες τόσο για τη γλυπτική των αγαλμάτων όσο και για τις καταστροφικές συνέπειες ενός πολέμου.
Application of an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to evaluate the effect of universal dialysis policy from 2006 to 2016 in a province of northeastern Thailand
Authors: Pukdeesamai Piyalak , Sarakarn Pongdech , Anutrakulchai Sirirat 
Published: April 2023

Background: An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis is a powerful tool for policy evaluation. In Thailand, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem that requires a long recovery time and has a high treatment cost. The universal coverage policy for renal replacement therapy (universal dialysis policy), is used to treat this disease but policy evaluation using ITS analysis has rarely been conducted. This study applied ITS analysis to test the effect of such a policy between 2006 and 2016. Methods: Data were retrieved from the electronic database of the health data center in Roi Et Province for the period between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016. 15,681 CKD stage 5 patients were included. The intervention under assessment was the universal health coverage system, which has been implemented since 2008. Results: Results showed that before implementation of the universal dialysis policy, the overall trend of access to renal replacement therapy (RRT) slightly increased (0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 0.90). After implementation of the policy, access sharply increased (6.10; 95%CI: 3.67, 8.54), while the linear trend after policy implementation also slightly increased (0.29; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.14). The stratified analysis showed the same linear directional trend before and immediately after implementing the universal dialysis policy. Conclusions: Implementation of the universal dialysis policy positively impacted the rate of renal replacement therapy in CKD stage 5 patients, while access to health care services also increased.
A framework for doctoral education in developing students’ mental well-being by integrating the demand and resources of the program: An integrative review
Authors: Acharya Vrinda , Rajendran Ambigai , Shenoy Sandeep 
Published: April 2023

Background: Research on doctoral students’ mental well-being has gained significant importance in recent years. The findings of such studies were uncertain about the critical demands and resources of a doctoral program that substantially influence the students’ mental health. This review aims to integrate the current evidence in bringing out the nature and significance of differentiated demands, contextual and personal resources, and their influence on the well-being of the students. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted based on the five-stage framework of Whittemore and Knafl. The study identified 45 articles published from 2000 onwards following the Joanna Briggs Institute quality evaluation criteria and PRISMA reporting guidelines for selecting eligible articles. Results: The integrative review findings divulge that differentiated demands of doctoral programs were categorized into challenge-hindrance demands. The differentiated demands experienced by doctoral students were grouped as ambiguity in doctoral program structure, resource inadequacy, workload, complexity, and responsibility. Additionally, institutional support, research supervisory support, and intrinsic motivation were treated as essential resource in mitigating the effects of the differentiated demands of the doctoral program. Conclusions: An integrated conceptual model was built exclusively for doctoral programs and suggests that the universities and supervisors design and structure healthy, constructive doctoral programs. As an outcome of the review, theoretical underpinnings of demands-resources and mental well-being are reported. The current review is an initial attempt to synthesize challenge-hindrance demands and contextual-personal resources in determining the mental well-being of doctoral students.
A systematic investigation of detectors for low signal-to-noise ratio EMG signals
Authors: Yuvaraj Monisha , Raja Priyanka , David Ann , Burdet Etienne , SKM Varadhan , Balasubramanian Sivakumar 
Published: April 2023

Background: Active participation of stroke survivors during robot-assisted movement therapy is essential for sensorimotor recovery. Robot-assisted therapy contingent on movement intention is an effective way to encourage patients' active engagement. For severely impaired stroke patients with no residual movements, a surface electromyogram (EMG) has been shown to be a viable option for detecting movement intention. Although numerous algorithms for EMG detection exist, the detector with the highest accuracy and lowest latency for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) remains unknown. Methods: This study, therefore, investigates the performance of 13 existing EMG detection algorithms on simulated low SNR (0dB and -3dB) EMG signals generated using three different EMG signal models: gaussian, Laplacian, and biophysical model. The detector performance was quantified using the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), and detection latency. Any detector that consistently showed FPR and FNR of no more than 20%, and latency of no more than 50ms, was considered an appropriate detector for use in robot-assisted therapy. Results: The results indicate that the Modified Hodges detector – a simplified version of the threshold-based Hodges detector introduced in the current study – was the most consistent detector across the different signal models and SNRs. It consistently performed for ~90% and ~40% of the tested trials for 0dB and -3dB SNR, respectively. The two statistical detectors (Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio) and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors have a slightly lower performance than Modified Hodges. Conclusions: Overall, the Modified Hodges, Gaussian and Laplacian Approximate Generalized Likelihood ratio, and the Fuzzy Entropy detectors were identified as the potential candidates that warrant further investigation with real surface EMG data since they had consistent detection performance on low SNR EMG data.
An automated sonic tomography system for the inspection of historical masonry walls
Authors: Ortega Javier , Meersman Marnix F.L. , Aparicio Sofía , Liébana Juan Carlos , Martín Rodrigo , Anaya José Javier , González Margarita 
Published: April 2023

Background: The conservation of the built masonry heritage requires a comprehensive understanding of its geometrical, structural, and material characteristics. Non-destructive techniques are a preferred approach to survey historical buildings, given the cultural value of their fabric. However, currently available techniques are typically operated manually, consuming much time at operational and processing level and thus hindering their use for the on-site inspection of heritage structures. Methods: A novel automated sonic tomography system was designed and built to inspect and obtain information about the inner structure and damage of historic masonry walls. The system consists of a hitting device mounted on a frame that can be placed adjacent to the wall under analysis. The hitting device can move along the surface within the frame area in X, Y and Z directions, generating the sonic wave. The receiving system is a scanning laser vibrometer, able to measure from the distance the displacement of a focused point over time, recording the wave when it reaches the opposite surface. Results: Six stone masonry walls with different interior geometries were constructed at the laboratory by a professional stonemason. The construction of the walls was carefully documented, including the generation of detailed photogrammetric models of each single stone. The system was applied to survey the six masonry walls. Since the inner morphology of the walls is known, the resulting tomographic images could be compared with the ground truth. Conclusions: Automating the inspection allowed to collect thousands of data in a few hours. New software was also developed to automate the processing of the data. Results are expected to highlight the potential of tomography to obtain quantitative information about the interior of heritage structures, while providing new tools that make the implementation of the technique more practical for professionals. Data, software and models have been made publicly available.
Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and culture assays to detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis using OMNIgene-sputum processed stool among adult TB presumptive patients in Uganda
Authors: Sessolo Abdulwahab , Musisi Emmanuel , Kaswabuli Sylvia , Zawedde Josephine , Byanyima Patrick , Sabiiti Wilber , Walimbwa Stanley , Ola Joseph , Sanyu Ingvar , Lalitha Rejani , Kamya Moses , Davis Lucian , Worodria William , Huang Laurence 
Published: April 2023

Background
Stool is a potential sample for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in patients with difficulty in expectorating. However, high mycobacterial culture contamination rates and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test error rates on stool samples have limited its use. OMNIgene SPUTUM (OM-S) is a sample transport reagent with characteristics of sputum decontamination while maintaining viable Mtb. We evaluated the impact of OM-S on Mtb diagnostic yield from stool using smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and culture among presumptive TB patients.

Methods
Paired stool and expectorated sputum samples were collected from consecutive Ugandan adults undergoing diagnostic evaluation for pulmonary TB between June 2018 and June 2019. Stool was divided into 2 portions: one was homogenized in OM-S (OM-S stool) and the other in PBS (PBS stool) as control. Both sputum and processed stool were tested for Mtb using concentrated smear fluorescence microscopy (CFM), Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) culture. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for each test were calculated against sputum MGIT culture as the reference standard.

Results
Of the 200 participants, 120 (60%) were male, 73 (37%) were HIV positive (median CD4 120 cells/uL (IQR 43–297)) and 128 (64%) had confirmed pulmonary TB by sputum MGIT culture. Seven (4%) OM-S stool Xpert samples reported errors while 47 (25%) and 103 (61%) were contaminated on OM-S stool MGIT and PBS stool MGIT, respectively. OM-S stool MGIT was able to accurately diagnose 56 of the contaminated PBS stool MGIT samples compared to only 5 of the contaminated OM-S stool MGIT samples diagnosed by PBS stool MGIT.
Sensitivity (95% Confidence Interval, CI) 89% (83–94) for OM-S stool Xpert was higher compared to that of OM-S stool MGIT 60% (51–69) and PBS stool MGIT 42% (32–52). Specificity (95%CI) 91% (82–97) was also higher for OM-S stool Xpert compared to OM-S stool MGIT 64% (51–75) and PBS stool MGIT 26% (16–38).

Conclusion
Stool processed with OM-S showed potential to improve Mtb diagnostic yield and reduce rates of indeterminate results when tested on Xpert and MGIT culture. The method may thus be of value in Mtb detection among patients with difficulty to expectorate.
Conicity index as an indicator of abdominal obesity in individuals with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis
Authors: Martins Cleodice Alves , do Prado Camila Bruneli , Santos Ferreira Júlia Rabelo , Cattafesta Monica , dos Santos Neto Edson Theodoro , Haraguchi Fabiano Kenji , Marques-Rocha José Luiz , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: April 2023

Background
The conicity index is indicated as a tool for assessing the nutritional status of renal individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity using the conicity index in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis to verify its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors.

Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional study with 941 individuals undergoing hemodialysis in a metropolitan area in southeastern Brazil. The conicity index was estimated and cutoffs of 1.275 and 1.285 for men and women, respectively, were used. For the analysis of the results, binary logistic regression was performed and the odds ratio (OR) was estimated with their respective confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
The conicity index was high in 56.54% of men (95% CI: 34.34–70.16) and 43.46% of women (95% CI: 38.45–55.20). We found that both adult men (OR = 3.71; 95% CI: 2.27–6.07) and adult women (OR = 4.06; 95% CI: 2.41–6.84) were more likely to have abdominal obesity, as well as self-declared mixed-raced (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.01–3.00) and single men (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00–2.68).

Conclusions
The conicity index is an important anthropometric indicator to estimate abdominal obesity in individuals with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.
Normal high-sensitivity cardiac troponin for ruling-out inpatient mortality in acute COVID-19
Authors: Liu Alexander , Hammond Robert , Chan Kenneth , Chukwuenweniwe Chukwugozie , Johnson Rebecca , Khair Duaa , Duck Eleanor , Olubodun Oluwaseun , Barwick Kristian , Banya Winston , Stirrup James , Donnelly Peter D. , Kaski Juan Carlos , Coates Anthony R. M. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Assessment of inpatient mortality risk in COVID-19 patients is important for guiding clinical decision-making. High sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is a biomarker of cardiac injury associated with a worse prognosis in COVID-19. We explored how hs-cTnT could potentially be used in clinical practice for ruling in and ruling out mortality in COVID-19.

Method
We tested the diagnostic value of hs-cTnT in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (≥18 years old) admitted to the Royal Berkshire Hospital (UK) between 1st March and 10th May 2020. A normal hs-cTnT was defined as a value within the 99th percentile of healthy individuals (≤14 ng/L), and an elevated hs-cTnT was defined as >14 ng/L. Adverse clinical outcome was defined as inpatient mortality related to COVID-19.

Results
A total of 191 COVID-19 patients (62% male; age 66±16 years) had hs-cTnT measured on admission. Of these patients, 124 (65%) had elevated hs-cTnT and 67 (35%) had normal hs-cTnT. On a group level, patients with elevated hs-cTnT had worse inpatient survival (p = 0.0014; Kaplan-Meier analysis) and higher risk of inpatient mortality (HR 5.84 [95% CI 1.29–26.4]; p = 0.02; Cox multivariate regression) compared to patients with normal hs-cTnT. On a per-patient level, a normal hs-cTnT had a negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI: 85–98%) for ruling out mortality, whilst an elevated hs-cTnT had a low positive predictive value of 38% (95% CI: 39–47%) for ruling in mortality.

Conclusions
In this study cohort of COVID-19 patients, the potential clinical utility of hs-cTnT appears to rest in ruling out inpatient mortality. This finding, if prospectively validated in a larger study, may allow hs-cTnT to become an important biomarker to facilitate admission-avoidance and early safe discharge.