bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of glomerular filtration and tubular secretion in baboons with life‐supporting pig kidney grafts
Authors: Hansen‐Estruch Christophe , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Shaik Imam H. , Vasudevan Vignesh , Zhao Wenchen , Javed Mariyam , Collins Dalis E. , Ayares David , Judd Eric , Cooper David K. C. , Venkataramanan Raman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith pig kidney xenotransplantation nearing clinical reality, it is imperative to measure pig kidney function in the graft recipients. Our aims were (i) to compare inulin clearance after a short intravenous (IV) bolus with steady‐state inulin IV infusion, (ii) to use this method to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and (iii) to determine the tubular secretory function using cefoxitin in a pig‐to‐baboon renal transplant model. A short IV infusion of inulin and cefoxitin were followed by a maintenance IV infusion of inulin over 5 h in seven healthy baboons, three healthy pigs, and five baboons after bilateral native nephrectomy and intra‐abdominal pig renal transplantation. Blood and urine samples were collected. Serum and urinary inulin and serum cefoxitin concentrations measured by validated assays were used to calculate GFR and renal secretion. GFR calculated were similar by both methods. The body weight normalized total body clearance of inulin was similar in pigs and baboons despite differences in absolute clearances. Pig kidney transplanted into baboons provided similar clearance in baboons when normalized to baboon body weight and sustained filtration and secretory functions. The study documented that pig kidneys support the physiologic needs of baboons and are likely to support human recipients as well.
Exercise and ageing impact the kynurenine/tryptophan pathway and acylcarnitine metabolite pools in skeletal muscle of older adults
Authors: Hinkley J. Matthew , Yu Gong Xin , Standley Robert A. , Distefano Giovanna , Tolstikov Vladimir , Narain Niven R. , Greenwood Bennett P. , Karmacharya Shraddha , Kiebish Michael A. , Carnero Elvis Alvarez , Yi Fanchao , Vega Rick B. , Goodpaster Bret H. , Gardell Stephen J. , Coen Paul M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExercise‐induced perturbation of skeletal muscle metabolites is a probable mediator of long‐term health benefits in older adults. Although specific metabolites have been identified to be impacted by age, physical activity and exercise, the depth of coverage of the muscle metabolome is still limited. Here, we investigated resting and exercise‐induced metabolite distribution in muscle from well‐phenotyped older adults who were active or sedentary, and a group of active young adults. Percutaneous biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained before, immediately after and 3 h following a bout of endurance cycling. Metabolite profile in muscle biopsies was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial energetics in permeabilized fibre bundles was assessed by high resolution respirometry and fibre type proportion was assessed by immunohistology. We found that metabolites of the kynurenine/tryptophan pathway were impacted by age and activity. Specifically, kynurenine was elevated in muscle from older adults, whereas downstream metabolites of kynurenine (kynurenic acid and NAD+) were elevated in muscle from active adults and associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle oxidative capacity. Acylcarnitines, a potential marker of impaired metabolic health, were elevated in muscle from physically active participants. Surprisingly, despite baseline group difference, acute exercise‐induced alterations in whole‐body substrate utilization, as well as muscle acylcarnitines and ketone bodies, were remarkably similar between groups. Our data identified novel muscle metabolite signatures that associate with the healthy ageing phenotype provoked by physical activity and reveal that the metabolic responsiveness of muscle to acute endurance exercise is retained with age regardless of activity levels.
imageKey points
Kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolites were impacted by age and physical activity in human muscle, with kynurenine elevated in older muscle, whereas downstream products kynurenic acid and NAD+ were elevated in exercise‐trained muscle regardless of age.
Acylcarnitines, a marker of impaired metabolic health when heightened in circulation, were elevated in exercise‐trained muscle of young and older adults, suggesting that muscle act as a metabolic sink to reduce the circulating acylcarnitines observed with unhealthy ageing.
Despite the phenotypic differences, the exercise‐induced response of various muscle metabolite pools, including acylcarnitine and ketone bodies, was similar amongst the groups, suggesting that older adults can achieve the metabolic benefits of exercise seen in young counterparts.
Partition-Aware Stability Control for Humanoid Robot Push Recovery With Whole-Body Capturability
Authors: Song Hyunjong , Peng William Z. , Kim Joo H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For successful push recovery in response to perturbations, a humanoid robot must select an appropriate stabilizing action. Existing approaches are limited because they are often derived from reduced-order models that ignore system-specific aspects such as swing leg dynamics or kinematic and actuation limits. In this study, the formulation of capturability for whole-body humanoid robots is introduced as a partition-based approach in the augmented center-of-mass (COM)-state space. The 1-step capturable boundary is computed from an optimization-based method that incorporates whole-body system properties with full-order nonlinear system dynamics in the sagittal plane including contact interactions with the ground and conditions for achieving a complete stop after stepping. The 1-step capturable boundary, along with the balanced state boundaries, are used to quantify the relative contributions of different strategies and contacts in maintaining or recovering balance in push recovery. The computed boundaries are also incorporated as explicit criteria into a partition-aware push recovery controller that monitors the robot’s COM state to selectively exploit the ankle, hip, or captured stepping strategies. The push recovery simulation experiments demonstrated the validity of the stability boundaries in fully exploiting a humanoid robot’s balancing capability through appropriate balancing actions in response to perturbations. Overall, the system-specific capturability with the whole-body system properties and dynamics outperformed that derived from a typical reduced-order model.
Direct Encoding of Tunable Stiffness Into an Origami-Inspired Jumping Robot Leg
Authors: Chen Fuchen , Aukes Daniel M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The stiffness of robot legs greatly affects legged locomotion performance; tuning that stiffness, however, can be a costly and complex task. In this paper, we directly tune the stiffness of jumping robot legs using an origami-inspired laminate design and fabrication method. In addition to the stiffness coefficient described by Hooke’s law, the nonlinearity of the force-displacement curve can also be tuned by optimizing the geometry of the mechanism. Our method reduces the number of parts needed to realize legs with different stiffness while simplifying manual redesign effort, lowering the cost of legged robots while speeding up the design and optimization process. We have fabricated and tested the leg across six different stiffness profiles that vary both the nonlinearity and coefficient. Through a vertical jumping experiment actuated by a DC motor, we also show that proper tuning of the leg stiffness can result in an 18% improvement in lift-off speed and an increase of 19% in peak power output.
Force Analysis of Statically Balanced Serially Connected Manipulators Using Springs Based on Torque Compatibilities Associated With Accumulative Joint Angles
Authors: Jhuang Chi-Shiun , Juang Chia-Wei , Chen Dar-Zen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractForce analysis with regard to serial connected manipulators is discussed thoroughly in the past. However, force analysis of statically balanced manipulator using springs has not been widely addressed because spring forces and motions do not share an immediate association. In this article, spring forces are represented as accumulative joint angles of links crossed by springs and attached angles/lengths of springs. Torque equilibrium equations regarding the preconnected joint of a typical link as contributed by gravity force and spring force can be inwardly formed link by link from the end link. Compatibility with the same accumulative joint angle can be formulated under static balance conditions. Hence, spring attachment parameters such as spring stiffness and attachment lengths are constrained by given link properties and spring attachment angles. Thus, spring forces can be determined by a chosen set of stiffness and attached lengths of springs, and the joint reaction force can then be determined. Example figures of 3-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) manipulators show that joint reaction forces are reduced by 22.6%, 40.1%, and 75.7% at joints 1, 2, and 3, respectively, than those without springs. It is found that besides balancing gravity, the statically balanced manipulator is with lower joint reaction forces. Hence, the manipulator can be more lightweight by using compact joints and links with the same material. Furthermore, the static and dynamic performance of the manipulator can be improved by the effect of reduced joint reaction forces as well.
Theoretical Modeling of Vibrations of Mechanically Assembled 3D Serpentine Structures
Authors: Zhao Jianzhong , Cao Huijie , Shuai Yumeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Vibration of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is of growing interest for applications in vibration measurements, vibration energy harvesters, and vibration sensors. Among the structures and devices reported, a class of 3D structures formed by mechanically guided assembly is showing promising potentials, owing to the ability of controlled vibration behaviors (e.g., modes and natural frequencies) by reversibly changing the compressive strain. In addition, serpentine structures are good candidates for MEMS due to their ultra-low natural frequencies. Hence, we present a study on the vibration of the mechanically assembled 3D serpentine structures. A theoretical model is established to capture the vibration mechanism, and therefore, a simple analytical expression for the natural frequency is derived. On this basis, the influence of material/geometry parameters on the natural frequency is systematically discussed. The developed analytical model would provide a better understanding of vibration mechanism in mechanically assembled 3D structures
Sea-level fluctuations control the distribution of highly liquefaction-prone layers on volcanic-carbonate slopes
Authors: Sultan N. , Jouet G. , Riboulot V. , Terzariol M. , Garziglia S. , Cattaneo A. , Giraudeau J. , Jorry S.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying the hazards related to earthquake-induced submarine liquefaction and landslides are particularly significant offshore of tropical volcanic-carbonate islands, where carbonate production competes with volcanism to create highly contrasted lithological successions. To improve the detection of liquefaction-prone layers, we analyzed physical properties and mineralogy and performed 70 dynamic triaxial tests on 25 sediment cores offshore of the eastern side of Mayotte (Comoros archipelago in the western Indian Ocean) in an area that has experienced significant seismicity since 2018. We found that the main parameter controlling the liquefaction potential offshore of Mayotte is the presence of low-density layers with high calcite content accumulating along the slope during lowstands. This phasing with sea-level fluctuations implies a significant recurrent geohazard for tropical volcanic-carbonate islands worldwide. Furthermore, the relationship we found between the cyclic resistance of sediment and its density and magnetic susceptibility represents a time-effective approach for identifying the hazards related to earthquake-induced liquefaction.
Formation and reorganization time scales of aeolian landscapes
Authors: Gunn Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLandscapes created through sediment transport are shaped by the interaction of flow and form. In landscapes where wind is the agent of geomorphic work, this is clear at the small scale; equilibrium dune morphology is linked to the wind climate and the supply of sediment. At larger scales, this linkage becomes ambiguous because the form of giant dunes and dune fields integrates long histories of varied wind and sand supply. Without a framework to assess aeolian landscape evolution at this scale, the time taken to form and reorganize dune fields has been largely unexplored quantitatively. We show that these time scales can be understood by linking modern wind and topographic data sets for one of the most expansive and morphologically diverse unvegetated dune fields, the Rub’ al Khali (southern Arabian Peninsula). By linking sediment flux to the surface area and slope of dunes, and growth to the divergence in that flux, we fully couple form and flow at the dune field scale. Our results show quantitatively how dune field formation and reorganization are outpaced by climate change and the implications for stratigraphic interpretation.
Evaluating the definition of severely injured patients: a Japanese nationwide 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Toida Chiaki , Muguruma Takashi , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Shinohara Mafumi , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe definition of severely injured patients lacks universal consensus based on quantitative measures. The most widely used definition of severe injury is based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS), which is calculated using the Abbreviated Injury Scale in Japan. This study aimed to compare the prevalence, in-hospital mortality and OR for mortality in patients with ISS ≥16, ISS ≥18 and ISS ≥26 by age groups.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingJapan Trauma Data Bank, which is a nationwide trauma registry with data from 280 hospitals.ParticipantsWe used data of 117 199 injured patients from a national database. We included injured patients who were transferred from the scene of injury by ambulance and/or physician.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence, in-hospital mortality and OR for mortality with respect to age and injury level (ISS group).ResultsIn all age categories, the in-hospital mortality of patient groups with an ISS ≥16, ISS ≥18 and ISS ≥26 was 13.3%, 17.4% and 23.5%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality for patients aged >75 years was the highest (20% greater than that of the other age groups). Moreover, in-hospital mortality for age group 5–14 years was the lowest (4.0–10.9%). In all the age groups, the OR for mortality for patients with ISS ≥16, ISS ≥18 and ISS ≥26 was 12.8, 11.0 and 8.4, respectively.ConclusionsOur results revealed the lack of an acceptable definition, with a high in-hospital mortality and high OR for mortality for all age groups.
Innovative models of healthcare delivery: an umbrella review of reviews
Authors: Roberts Natalie , Carrigan Ann , Clay-Williams Robyn , Hibbert Peter D , Mahmoud Zeyad , Pomare Chiara , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Knaggs Gilbert Thomas , Austin Elizabeth E , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A , Long Janet C , Hutchinson Karen , Best Stephanie , Nic Giolla Easpaig Brona , Sarkies Mitchell N , Francis Auton Emilie , Hatem Sarah , Dammery Genevieve , Nguyen Mai-Tran , Nguyen Hoa Mi , Arnolda Gaston , Rapport Frances , Zurynski Yvonne , Maka Katherine , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo undertake a synthesis of evidence-based research for seven innovative models of care to inform the development of new hospitals.DesignUmbrella review.SettingInterventions delivered inside and outside of acute care settings.ParticipantsChildren and adults with one or more identified acute or chronic health conditions.Data sourcesPsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL.Primary and secondary outcome measuresClinical indicators and mortality, healthcare utilisation, quality of life, self-management and self-care and patient knowledge.ResultsA total of 66 reviews were included, synthesising evidence from 1272 primary studies across the 7 models of care. Virtual care was the most common model studied, addressed by 47 (73%) of the reviews. Common outcomes evaluated across reviews were clinical indicators and mortality, healthcare utilisation, self-care and self-management, patient knowledge, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. The findings indicate that the innovative models of healthcare we identified in this review may be effective in managing patients with a range of acute and chronic conditions. Most of the included reviews reported evidence of comparable or improved care.ConclusionsA consideration of local infrastructure and individual patient characteristics, such as health literacy, may be critical in determining the suitability of models of care for patients and their implementation in local health systems.Trial registration number10.17605/OSF.IO/PS6ZU.
Does increasing physician volume in primary healthcare facilities under the hierarchical medical system help reduce hospital service utilisation in China? A fixed-effects analysis using province-level panel data
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Xu Huiwen , Du Fang , Zhu Bin , Xie Pei , Wang Hankun , Han Xinxin 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo examine whether increases in physician volume in primary healthcare facilities are associated with reduced utilisation of hospital outpatient and inpatient services after China facilitated the establishment of the hierarchical medical system.DesignWe used a two-way fixed-effects regression to examine the association between the annual number of physicians in primary healthcare facilities and that of patient visits per physician, inpatient admissions and total expenses per outpatient visit in public hospitals during 2010–2014 and 2015–2019. Variables were log transformed to ensure the normal distribution of the data.SettingProvince-level data of all 31 provinces in mainland China from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the China Health Statistics Yearbook published by the China Health Commission.ParticipantsAll 31 provinces in mainland China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe annual number of outpatient visits per physician, hospital admission and total expenses per outpatient visit in public hospitals.ResultsDuring 2015–2019, we found that, on average, a 1% increase in the number of primary healthcare physicians was accompanied by a 0.19% (95% CI −0.33% to −0.05%) reduction in the annual number of visits per physician in public hospitals, and a 0.31% (95% CI −0.52% to −0.10%) reduction in patient visits in city-administered hospitals. No significant associations were found between 2010 and 2014. We also did not observe any significant associations between primary healthcare physician volume and hospital admissions or outpatient expenses during neither 2010–2014 and 2015–2019.ConclusionsIn the context of the hierarchical medical system, enhancing physician volume in primary healthcare facilities helps reduce outpatient visits in public hospitals, especially city-administered hospitals. However, more efforts are required to be continuously made to improve primary healthcare capacity to avoid preventable hospital admissions and outpatient expenses.
Scoping review protocol examining charge nurse skills: requirement for the development of training
Authors: Jubinville Maripier , Tchouaket Eric Nguemeleu , Longpré Caroline 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe charge nurse (CN) holds a position in clinical-administrative management and is essential for improving the quality and safety of care in healthcare institutions. The position requires five essential skills: leadership; interpersonal communication; clinical-administrative caring; problem solving; and knowledge and understanding of the work environment. The scientific literature has not widely examined the importance of providing these skills as part of initial training, nor when CNs begin their duties. This study aims to fill this gap through an exhaustive review of the literature with the aim of developing standardised training for the CN when they start in their position.Methods and analysisA scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework will be conducted. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, Science Direct and Cairn, databases as well as grey literature from ProQuest dissertations and thesis global database, Google Scholar and the website of the Order of Nurses of Quebec will be queried using keywords. Relevant literature in French and English, published between 2000 and 2022 will be retained. The CN is the target population. Outcomes address at least one of the five CN skills, describe how they are operationalised and what their impact is on the organisation of work and quality of care. This analysis will identify essential and relevant elements for the development of standardised, up-to-date and appropriate training for the position of CN.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as data does not include individual patient data. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and presented to nursing managers and directors.Scoping review registrationResearch Registry ID: researchregistry7030.
Multicentre open label randomised controlled trial of immediate enhanced ambulatory ECG monitoring versus standard monitoring in acute unexplained syncope patients: the ASPIRED study
Authors: Reed Matthew J , Grubb Neil , Lang Chris , Goodacre Steve , O’Brien Rachel , Weir Christopher J , Thokala Praveen , Freeman Nicola , Blackstock Caroline , Dinsmore Lynn , Boyd Julia , Adamestam Imad , Macrae Pam , Hannigan Robert , Lobban Trudie 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDiagnosing underlying arrhythmia in emergency department (ED) syncope patients is difficult. There is a evidence that diagnostic yield for detecting underlying arrhythmia is highest when cardiac monitoring devices are applied early, ideally at the index visit. This strategy has the potential to change current syncope management from low diagnostic yield Holter to higher yield ambulatory monitoring, reduce episodes of syncope, reduce risk of recurrence and its potential serious consequences, reduce hospital admissions, reduce overall health costs and increase quality of life by allowing earlier diagnosis, treatment and exclusion of clinically important arrhythmias.Methods and analysesThis is a UK open prospective parallel group multicentre randomised controlled trial of an immediate 14-day ambulatory patch heart monitor vs standard care in 2234 patients presenting acutely with unexplained syncope. Our patient focused primary endpoint will be number of episodes of syncope at 1 year. Health economic evaluation will estimate the incremental cost per syncope episode avoided and quality-adjusted life year gained.Ethics and disseminationInformed consent for participation will be sought. The ASPIRED trial received a favourable ethical opinion from South East Scotland Research Ethics Committee 01 (21/SS/0073). Results will be disseminated via scientific publication, lay summary and visual abstract.Trial registration numberISRCTN 10278811.