bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of age >70 years on oncological outcomes in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin
Authors: Contieri Roberto , Grajales Valentina , Tan Wei Shen , Martini Alberto , Sood Akshay , Hensley Patrick , Bree Kelly , Lobo Niyati , Nogueras‐Gonzalez Graciela M. , Guo Charles C. , Navai Neema , Dinney Colin P. , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of age on oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with adequate Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG).Patients and MethodsWe performed an Institutional Review Board‐approved retrospective study analysing patients with NMIBC treated with adequate BCG at our institution from 2000 to 2020. Adequate BCG was defined as per United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines as being receipt of at least five of six induction BCG instillations with a minimum of two additional doses (of planned maintenance or of re‐induction) of BCG instillations within a span of 6 months. The study's primary outcome was to determine if age >70 years was associated with progression to MIBC cancer or distant metastasis. The cumulative incidence method and the competing‐risk regression analyses were used to investigate the association of advanced age (>70 years) with progression, high‐grade (HG) recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM).ResultsOverall, data from 632 patients were analysed: 355 patients (56.2%) were aged ≤70 years and 277 (43.8%) were >70 years. Age >70 years did not adversely affect either cumulative incidence of progression or HG recurrence (P = 0.067 and P = 0.644, respectively). On competing‐risk regression analyses, age >70 years did not emerge as an independent predictor of progression or HG recurrence (sub‐standardised hazard ratio [SHR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–2.81, P = 0.134; and SHR 1.05, 95% CI 0.77–1.44, P = 0.749). Not unexpectedly, patients in the older group did have higher overall mortality (P < 0.001) but not CSM (P = 0.057).ConclusionAge >70 years was not associated with adverse oncological outcomes in a large contemporary cohort of patients receiving adequate intravesical BCG for NMIBC. BCG should not be withheld from older patients seeking for bladder sparing options.
Exploring bias in platelet P2Y1 signalling: Host defence versus haemostasis
Authors: Pan Dingxin , Ladds Graham , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Pitchford Simon C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlatelets are necessary for maintaining haemostasis. Separately, platelets are important for the propagation of inflammation during the host immune response against infection. The activation of platelets also causes inappropriate inflammation in various disease pathologies, often in the absence of changes to haemostasis. The separate functions of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis are therefore varied and this will be reflected in distinct pathways of activation. The activation of platelets by the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) acting on P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors is important for the development of platelet thrombi during haemostasis. However, P2Y1 stimulation of platelets is also important during the inflammatory response and paradoxically in scenarios where no changes to haemostasis and platelet aggregation occur. In these events, Rho‐GTPase signalling, rather than the canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signalling pathway, is necessary. We describe our current understanding of these differences, reflecting on recent advances in knowledge of P2Y1 structure, and the possibility of biased agonism occurring from activation via other endogenous nucleotides compared with ADP. Knowledge arising from these different pathways of P2Y1 stimulation of platelets during inflammation compared with haemostasis may help therapeutic control of platelet function during inflammation or infection, while preserving essential haemostasis.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non‐thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc
‘Vulnerable and abandoned’—The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on education, health and social care provision for children with SEND: Children and parents' perspectives
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Bray Lucy , Alghrani Amel , Kirkby Joanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to understand children with special educational needs and disabilities' (SEND) and their parents/carers' experiences of the pandemic in the UK, using mixed‐method surveys (n = 893 parents, 55 children) and qualitative interviews (n = 10 parents, 4 children). Descriptive statistical analyses and thematic analysis were utilised. Findings suggest that the needs and rights of children with SEND were not given due consideration during the pandemic, resulting in a decline in mental health, and their social, emotional, academic and physical development. Restrictions were reported as compounding and exacerbating the existing challenges faced by children with SEND in gaining equitable access to services.
Adipose tissue‐derived FABP4 mediates glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production in gestational diabetes
Authors: Ron Idit , Mdah Ragad , Zemet Roni , Ulman Rakefet Yoeli , Rathaus Moran , Brandt Benny , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Hemi Rina , Barhod Ehud , Tirosh Amir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsOne of the most common complications of pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which may result in significant health threats of the mother, fetus and the newborn. Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that regulates glucose homeostasis by promoting glucose production and liver insulin resistance in mouse models. FABP4 levels are increased in GDM and correlates with maternal indices of insulin resistance, with a rapid decline post‐partum. We therefore aimed to determine the tissue origin of elevated circulating FABP4 levels in GDM and to assess its potential contribution in promoting glucagon‐induced hepatic glucose production.Materials and MethodsFABP4 protein and gene expression was determined in biopsies from placenta, subcutaneous (sWAT) and visceral (vWAT) white adipose tissues from GDM and normoglycaemic pregnant women. FABP4 differential contribution in glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production was tested in conditioned media before and after its immune clearance.ResultsWe showed that FABP4 is expressed in placenta, sWAT and vWAT of pregnant women at term, with a significant increase in its secretion from vWAT of women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic pregnant women. Neutralizing FABP4 from both normoglycaemic pregnant women and GDM vWAT secretome, resulted in a decrease in glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the role of adipose tissue‐derived FABP4 in GDM, highlighting this adipokine, as a potential co‐activator of glucagon‐stimulated hepatic glucose production during pregnancy.
Misuse of multinomial logistic regression in stroke related health research: A systematic review of methodology
Authors: Fitzhugh Nicholas , Rasmussen Line Ryberg , Simoni Amalie Helme , Valentin Jan Brink 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultinomial logistic regression (MLR) is often used to model the association between a nominal outcome variable and one or more covariates. The results of MLR are interpreted as relative risk ratios (RRR) and warrant a more coherent interpretation than ordinary logistic regression. Some authors compare the results of MLR to ordinal logistic regression (OLR), irrespective of the fact that these estimate different quantities. We aim to investigate the time trends in the use and misuse of MLR in studies including stroke patients, specifically the extent to which (1) the results are denoted as anything other than RRR, (2) comparisons are made of results with results of OLR and (3) results have been interpreted coherently. Secondarily, we examine the use of model validation techniques in studies with predictive aims. We searched EMBASE and PubMed for articles using MLR on populations of stroke patients. Identified studies were screened, and information pertaining to our aims was extracted. A total of 285 articles were identified through a systematic literature search, and 68 of these were included in the review. Of these, 60 articles (88%) did not denote exponentiated coefficients of MLR as relative risk ratios but rather some other measure. Additionally, 63 articles (93%) interpreted the results of MLR in a non‐coherent manner. Two articles attempted to compare MLR results with those of OLR. Nine studies attempted to use MLR for predictive means, and three used relevant validation techniques. From these findings, it is clear that the interpretation of MLR is often suboptimal.
Basic equality: A Hegelian resolution
Authors: Thakkar Jonny 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContemporary political philosophers often take for granted that for political purposes all humans are to be considered of equal worth. The difficulty, as Bernard Williams observed, is to find an interpretation of this claim that does not collapse into absurdity or triviality. I show that the principal attempts to solve this problem all beg the question against an Aristotelian proponent of natural hierarchy. I then explore existing proposals for dissolving the problem of basic equality, whether by denying the need for justification altogether or by reframing justification in either ostensive or coherentist fashion, showing that each fails to account for our sense that basic equality is objectively true. In response, I outline a Hegelian approach that treats the commitment to basic equality as a social fact that constrains philosophical reasoning in contemporary liberal democracies. By itself that might suggest complacent conservatism or cultural relativism, but I argue that practices and institutions that reflect and foster a commitment to basic equality have a distinct value in permitting reciprocal recognition and thereby enabling us to make a distinct class of normative claims on one another. This Hegelian resolution of the problem is dialectically superior to its rivals and therefore warrants further development.
The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV‐irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models
Authors: Šínová Romana , Pavlík Vojtěch , Šimek Matěj , Čepa Martin , Ondrej Martin , Nešporová Kristina , Velebný Vladimír 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV‐induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV‐related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT‐PCR, confocal microscopy and LC–MS/MS we compared the naturally sun‐exposed (SE), sun‐protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB‐exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV‐irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
Resolving the influence of lignin on soil organic matter decomposition with mechanistic models and continental‐scale data
Authors: Yi Bo , Lu Chaoqun , Huang Wenjuan , Yu Wenjuan , Yang Jihoon , Howe Adina , Weintraub‐Leff Samantha R. , Hall Steven J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConfidence in model estimates of soil CO2flux depends on assumptions regarding fundamental mechanisms that control the decomposition of litter and soil organic carbon (SOC). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the role of lignin, an abundant and complex biopolymer that may limit decomposition. We tested competing mechanisms using data‐model fusion with modified versions of the CN‐SIM model and a 571‐day laboratory incubation dataset where decomposition of litter, lignin, and SOC was measured across 80 soil samples from the National Ecological Observatory Network. We found that lignin decomposition consistently decreased over time in 65 samples, whereas in the other 15 samples, lignin decomposition subsequently increased. These “lagged‐peak” samples can be predicted by low soil pH, high extractable Mn, and fungal community composition as measured by ITS PC2 (the second principal component of an ordination of fungal ITS amplicon sequences). The highest‐performing model incorporated soil biogeochemical factors and daily dynamics of substrate availability (labile bulk litter:lignin) that jointly represented two hypotheses (C substrate limitation and co‐metabolism) previously thought to influence lignin decomposition. In contrast, models representing either hypothesis alone were biased and underestimated cumulative decomposition. Our findings reconcile competing hypotheses of lignin decomposition and suggest the need to precisely represent the role of lignin and consider soil metal and fungal characteristics to accurately estimate decomposition in Earth‐system models.
Mortality risk factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a nursing home
Authors: Notomi Satoko , Kitamura Mineaki , Otsuka Emiko , Ejima Yusuke , Sawase Kenji , Nishino Tomoya , Funakoshi Satoshi 
Published: July 2023

AimThis study aimed to verify the impact of low body mass index (BMI) on mortality in nursing home residents undergoing hemodialysis and to clarify other associated mortality risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients admitted to a nursing home affiliated with Nagasaki Renal Center between April 2014 and March 2022. Medical data were collected on admission, and participants were divided into low and high BMI groups according to their median BMI values. The patients were followed up until March 2023. The association between survival and patient history was also analyzed.ResultsOf the 106 patients (average age, 81.3 ± 7.9 years; male, 36.8%; median dialysis vintage, 32.5 [interquartile range (IQR), 13.8–79.3] months), 52 and 54 were classified into the low (median < 18.4 kg/m2) and high (≥18.4 kg/m2) BMI groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that BMI (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.94; P < 0.001) was closely associated with survival. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that dementia was associated with low BMI (odds ratio: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.07–7.83, P = 0.03).ConclusionsLow BMI was an important factor contributing to poor patient survival. Dementia was associated with low BMI. Therefore, the management of both nutrition and dementia is essential for nursing home residents undergoing hemodialysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 660–664.
‘Who Thinks this Teaspoon Is Art?’ A Discourse Analysis of Elementary School Students' Negotiation of Meaning During Art Museum Visits
Authors: Yang Sylvia Ya‐Hsuan , Sanders‐Smith Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis intrinsic case study examines art museum learning of elementary school students during a week‐long visit at the Mackenzie Art Museum. Museums are informative institutions that provide opportunities for visitors to engage with self, others, and society. It is a unique place for visitors to learn beyond classroom settings. This project aims to analyse the discourse around art and understand how young learners utilise discourse as tools to make meaning during art museum visits. By examining learners' dialogues, the research investigated a meaning‐making framework that incorporates strategies for negotiating insights in art museums. This study includes approximately 12 hours of video‐recorded data and student artefacts. The data suggests learners engage and form new meanings through building and negotiating discourses with peers and museum educators. Different discourses and knowledge are valued and reinforced by members of the group. This study addresses the gap in children's meaning‐making during art museum visits, illustrating their strategies to construct knowledge and bridge connections.
Contracting in Peer Networks
Authors: DEMARZO PETER M. , KANIEL RON 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWe consider multiagent multifirm contracting when agents benchmark their wages to those of their peers, using weights that vary within and across firms. When a single principal commits to a public contract, optimal contracts hedge relative wage risk without sacrificing efficiency. But compensation benchmarking undoes performance benchmarking, causing wages to load positively on peer output, and asymmetries in peer effects can be exploited to enhance profits. With multiple principals, a “rat race” emerges: agents are more productive, with effort that can exceed the first best, but higher wages reduce profits and undermine efficiency. Wage transparency and disclosure requirements exacerbate these effects.
Menopause and stress urinary incontinence: The risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Huang He , Ding Guowei , Li Mei , Deng Yu , Cheng Yan , Jin Hongyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) increases around menopause. The quality of life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with SUI is significantly affected. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SUI and the associated risk factors in a population of Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 273 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were enrolled, and a cross‐sectional study was conducted. SUI was defined as an involuntary loss of urine with increases in abdominal pressure. Data including personal characteristics, menopause information, estrogen levels, and pelvic floor muscle strength levels were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 158 (57.9%) perimenopausal and 115 (42.1%) postmenopausal women. Sixty‐six (41.8%) perimenopausal women and 56 (48.7%) postmenopausal women complained of SUI. The mean age was 49.42 ± 5.58 years. Body mass index over 24 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.81), vaginal delivery (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33–4.58), and diabetes (OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.23–17.62) were high‐risk factors for SUI. Climacteric symptoms (evaluated by Kupperman index scores) were statistically related to SUI, and among the 13 symptoms, insomnia, nervousness, weakness and fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, palpitation, and sexual complaints were all correlated with SUI in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.ConclusionsSeveral factors are associated with SUI in Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Obesity, vaginal delivery, climacteric symptoms, and diabetes were identified as the most notable risk factors. The management strategy could focus on the prevention and management of risk factors.
Associations of social jetlag with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Wendy Y. , Feng Jie , Zheng Chen , Jiao Jiao , Wong Stephen H. S. 
Published: July 2023

SummarySleep and daytime movement behaviours occur co‐dependently with each other within a finite 24 h day. Sleep parameters other than sleep duration, such as social jetlag and chronotype, have been linked to health problems and unhealthy behaviours among children and adolescents. Given the increasing number of studies examining sleep timing/chronotype and weight‐related behaviours, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, in the past decade, this systematic review and meta‐analysis collated and evaluated the evidence on the relationships of social jetlag and chronotype with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. Seven databases were searched on 16 March 2022, and 52 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion, 47 of which were suitable for the meta‐analysis. A positive association was found between social jetlag and screen media use (r = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04–0.24; I2 = 96%; p = 0.008). The morning chronotype was associated with a higher level of physical activity and a lower level of sedentary behaviour than the evening chronotype. No relationship was found between social jetlag and physical activity. The magnitude of heterogeneity among the included studies was high. Further experimental studies are urgently required to understand how circadian preference or misalignment affects activity behaviours. Interventions to promote an active lifestyle in young populations should consider their circadian preference, especially among individuals with the evening chronotype.
Utilization and safety of telemedicine for pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Abby L. , Spinzi Stav , Agrawal Gunjan , Kan Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTelemedicine for pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (pLUTS) is a relatively new mode of delivering bladder health education with scant evidence supporting current practice. We aim to examine the safety of pLUTS‐related telemedicine visits surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of new pLUTS referral diagnoses to our institution's pediatric urology clinics. Demographics, wait times, and referral diagnoses were captured and compared before and after March 2020 using χ2/Fisher exact tests and t‐tests. A retrospective chart review was performed for an initial telemedicine visit followed by an in‐person visit to identify missed radiology, lab, or physical exam findings.ResultsSix hundred twelve patients were included from September 2018 to August 2021. Most were 5–10 years old (62.3%), female (56.2%), English speaking (86.5%), White (39.4%), and had private insurance (67.2%). Wait times were shorter for telemedicine versus in‐person visits (t190 = −3.56, p < .001). After March 2020, patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) and females utilized in‐person visits more often (p < .001). After chart review (11 patients, mean = 10.4 years), 9 (81.8%) had comorbid conditions and/or family history of lower urinary tract symptoms. None had missed clinical findings that changed management.ConclusionspLUTS care can be delivered via telemedicine without a significant change in patient volume and population, though additional investigations will clarify the needs of patients with specific referral diagnoses and comorbid conditions. The in‐person exam can be omitted safely with proper clinical history taking, supporting future virtual programs that address delays in care within local communities.