bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the elastoplastic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by electron beam melting
Authors: Yılmaz Fatih , Gürses Ercan , Şahin Melin 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate and assess the elastoplastic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by Arcam Q20 Plus electron beam melting (EBM) machine by a tensile test campaign and micro computerized tomography (microCT) imaging.

Design/methodology/approach
ASTM E8 tensile test specimens are designed and manufactured by EBM at an Arcam Q20 Plus machine. Surface quality is improved by machining to discard the effect of surface roughness. After surface machining, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment is applied to half of the specimens to remove unsolicited internal defects. ASTM E8 tensile test campaign is carried out simultaneously with digital image correlation to acquire strain data for each sample. Finally, build direction and HIP post-treatment dependencies of elastoplastic properties are analyzed by F-test and t-test statistical analyses methods.

Findings
Modulus of elasticity presents isotropic behavior for each build direction according to F-test and t-test analysis. Yield and ultimate strengths vary according to build direction and post-treatment. Stiffness and strength properties are superior to conventional Ti-6Al-4V material; however, ductility turns out to be poor for aerospace structures compared to conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, micro CT images show that support structure leads to dense internal defects and pores at applied surfaces. However, HIP post-treatment diminishes those internal defects and pores thoroughly.

Originality/value
As a novel scientific contribution, this study investigates the effects of three orthogonal build directions on elastoplastic properties, while many studies focus on only two-build directions. Evaluation of Poisson’s ratio is the other originality of this study. Furthermore, another finding through micro CT imaging is that temporary support structures result in intense defects closer to applied surfaces; hence high-stress regions of structures should be avoided to use support structures.
Flexible and multi-material intrinsically conductive polymer devices fabricated via DLP and DIW additive manufacturing techniques
Authors: Engel Kyle , Kilmartin Paul Andrew , Diegel Olaf 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the synthesis of novel conductive photo-resins to produce flexible conducting composites for use in additive manufacturing. By using direct ink writing (DIW) additive manufacturing, this study aims to explore the fabrication of multimaterial devices with conductive and insulating components. Using digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing, this study aims to fabricate detailed objects with higher resolution than material extrusion 3D printing systems.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, several photocurable conducting resins were prepared for DIW and DLP additive manufacturing. These resins were then cured using 405 nm near UV light to create intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) composites. The electrochemical properties of these composites were analysed, and the effect of co-monomer choice and crosslinking density was determined. These results determined a suitable resin for subsequent additive manufacture using DIW and DLP. These 3D printing techniques were used to develop flexible conducting devices of submillimetre resolution that were fabricated with unmodified, commercially available 3D printers.

Findings
Cyclic voltammetry and volume conductivity analysis of the conducting resins determined the most conductive resin formula for 3D printing. Conductive devices were fabricated using the two 3D printing techniques. A multimaterial soft conducting device was fabricated using DIW, and each conducting component was insulated from its neighbours. DLP was used to fabricate a soft conducting device with good XY resolution with a minimum feature size of 0.2 mm. All devices were prepared in unmodified commercially available 3D printers.

Practical implications
These findings have value in the development of soft robotics, artificial muscles and wearable sensors. In addition, this work highlights techniques for DIW and DLP additive manufacturing.

Originality/value
Several original conducting resin formulae were developed for use in two 3D printing systems. The resulting 3D-printed composites are soft and flexible while maintaining their conductive properties. These findings are of value to both polymer chemists and to the field of additive manufacturing.
Evaluation of right atrium structure and function in a rat model of monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension: Exploring the possible antiarrhythmic properties of amiodarone
Authors: Teixeira‐Fonseca Jorge Lucas , Joviano‐Santos Julliane Vasconcelos , da Silva Alcântara Fabiana , de Lima Conceição Michael Ramon , Leal‐Silva Polyana , Roman‐Campos Danilo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtrial arrhythmias (AA) are common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are closely associated with poor clinical outcomes. One of the most studied models to investigate PH is the rat model of monocrotaline (MCT) induced PH (MCT‐PH). To date, little is known about right atrium (RA) function in the MCT‐PH model and the propensity of RA to develop arrhythmias. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the function of the RA of control (CTRL) and MCT treated rats, and the ability of amiodarone, a classical antiarrhythmic, to prevent the occurrence of AA in the RA in MCT‐PH rats. RA function was studied in MCT‐PH rats 20 days after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT 50 mg/kg. The histological results indicated the presence of RA and right ventricular hypertrophy. Surface electrocardiogram demonstrated increased P wave duration, PR wave duration and QT interval in MCT rats. RA from MCT rats were more susceptible to develop ex vivo burst pacing arrhythmias when compared to CTRL. Intriguingly, amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration was not able to prevent the occurrence arrhythmias in RA from MCT‐PH animals. Hence, we conclude that the rat model of MCT‐PH impairs RA structure and function, and acute exposure of RA to amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration is not able to attenuate the onset of arrhythmias in the ex vivo RA preparation.
Effects of temperature on the fecundity and longevity of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on artificial diet
Authors: Ahn Jeong Joon , Choi Kyung San , Huang Yu‐Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is an important polyphagous pest that damages to various agricultural crops, whose distribution has become global as a result of human activity. In this study, we investigated the fecundity, pre‐oviposition and oviposition periods, and the longevity of adult Z. cucurbitae at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35.2°C. One newly emerged one virgin female and two males of Z. cucurbitae were used, and the longevity of both sexes and the fecundity of the females were examined daily. The longevity of female Z. cucurbitae ranged from 183.8 days at 15.0°C to 30.8 days at 35.2°C, and the maximum fecundity per female was 1204 eggs at 24.5°C. The lower development threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) of females were estimated as 14.8°C and 781.13 degree‐days, respectively. Female reproduction was modeled using a two‐phase oviposition model. Oviposition was estimated using females in the oviposition phase, which had a complete pre‐oviposition phase. The oviposition model consisted of two reproductive components (total fecundity and age‐specific cumulative oviposition rate during oviposition) and a survival component (age‐specific survival rate). The daily egg production of Z. cucurbitae was estimated in relation to adult age and temperature.
A randomized phase III study of docetaxel alone versus docetaxel plus S‐1 in patients with previously treated non‐small cell lung cancer: JMTO LC09‐01
Authors: Atagi Shinji , Daimon Takashi , Okishio Kyoichi , Komuta Kiyoshi , Okano Yoshio , Minato Koichi , Kim Young Hak , Usui Ryo , Tabata Chiharu , Tamura Atsuhisa , Kawahara Masaaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination chemotherapy of docetaxel plus S‐1 in patients with previously treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to docetaxel alone.MethodsPatients with previously treated NSCLC were randomly assigned to docetaxel alone (arm A) or a combination of docetaxel and S‐1 (arm B) for a maximum of four cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsThe study was terminated early because of poor accrual. The number of patients evaluated were 74 and 77 in arm A and arm B, respectively. The median OS was 9.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8–15.2) and 12.3 months (95% CI: 9.2–14.5) in arms A and B, respectively. In arms A and B, the median progression‐free survival was 3.5 months (95% CI: 2.7–4.0) and 4.1 months (95% CI: 3.2–4.7), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.984, 95% CI: 0.682–1.419, p = 0.4569) or progression‐free survival (HR: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.528–1.282, p = 0.0953). The major toxicity was myelosuppression. The incidence of grade 3 or more neutropenia was higher in arm A than in arm B (44.6% vs. 35.1%). However, the incidence of grade 3 or more febrile neutropenia and infection with neutropenia (12.2% vs. 22.1%) was more frequently observed in arm B.ConclusionsThe prematurely terminated study did not show the benefit of two cytotoxic agents over single‐agent therapy for previously treated NSCLC patients.
Accelerated aging in mice with astrocytic redox imbalance as a consequence of SOD2 deletion
Authors: Tsesmelis Konstantinos , Maity‐Kumar Gandhari , Croner Dana , Sprissler Jasmin , Tsesmelis Miltiadis , Hein Tabea , Baumann Bernd , Wirth Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAging of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to motoric and cognitive decline and increases the probability for neurodegenerative disease development. Astrocytes fulfill central homeostatic functions in the CNS including regulation of immune responses and metabolic support of neurons and oligodendrocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of redox imbalance in astrocytes by using a conditional astrocyte‐specific SOD2‐deficient mouse model (SOD2ako) and analyzed these animals at different stages of their life. SOD2ako mice did not exhibit any overt phenotype within the first postnatal weeks. However, already as young adults, they displayed progressive motoric impairments. Moreover, as these mice grew older, they exhibited signs of a progeroid phenotype and early death. Histological analysis in moribund SOD2ako mice revealed the presence of age‐related brain alterations, neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and myelin impairment in brain and spinal cord. Additionally, transcriptome analysis of primary astrocytes revealed that SOD2 deletion triggered a hypometabolic state and promoted polarization toward A1‐neurotoxic status, possibly underlying the neuronal and myelin deficits. Conclusively, our study identifies maintenance of ROS homeostasis in astrocytes as a critical prerequisite for physiological CNS aging.
The impact of the cardiovascular component and somatic mutations on ageing
Authors: Garger Daniel , Meinel Martin , Dietl Tamina , Hillig Christina , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie , Eyerich Kilian , de Angelis Martin Hrabě , Eyerich Stefanie , Menden Michael P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMechanistic insight into ageing may empower prolonging the lifespan of humans; however, a complete understanding of this process is still lacking despite a plethora of ageing theories. In order to address this, we investigated the association of lifespan with eight phenotypic traits, that is, litter size, body mass, female and male sexual maturity, somatic mutation, heart, respiratory, and metabolic rate. In support of the somatic mutation theory, we analysed 15 mammalian species and their whole‐genome sequencing deriving somatic mutation rate, which displayed the strongest negative correlation with lifespan. All remaining phenotypic traits showed almost equivalent strong associations across this mammalian cohort, however, resting heart rate explained additional variance in lifespan. Integrating somatic mutation and resting heart rate boosted the prediction of lifespan, thus highlighting that resting heart rate may either directly influence lifespan, or represents an epiphenomenon for additional lower‐level mechanisms, for example, metabolic rate, that are associated with lifespan.
A Meta‐Analytic Assessment of the Effects of Emotions on Political Information Search and Decision‐Making
Authors: Funck Amy S. , Lau Richard R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith increasing interest in the role of emotions in politics across the discipline, we review theoretical and methodological approaches utilized by political psychologists. Although theorists have been highlighting the role of emotions in politics for thousands of years, modern political psychologists primarily employ Marcus, Neuman, and MacKuen's (2000) affective intelligence theory to grapple with the consequences of emotions for political attitudes and behavior. We present results from a formal meta‐analytic assessment exploring the strength of the empirical evidence for the relationship between emotions and political information search and decision strategies. Overall, we find weak but statistically reliable evidence linking anger, anxiety, and enthusiasm to information search when search is self‐reported, but when information search is objectively measured, we find no link between it and anxiety or enthusiasm. Surprisingly, we also find little reliable evidence linking emotions to differential reliance on heuristics or more evidence‐based criteria in voter decision‐making.
Damaged Relations: How Treaty Withdrawal Impacts International Cooperation
Authors: Schmidt Averell 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines how treaty withdrawal affects international cooperation. By terminating its treaty commitments, the exiting state could earn a reputation for unreliability, making other states less willing to cooperate with it. However, states’ reactions to withdrawal vary markedly, even though it is public behavior. I develop an experiential theory of international cooperation that explains this variation. I argue that withdrawal damages the exiting state's relations with other treaty members, causing them to ratify fewer agreements with it in the future. I test this theory using an original data set of all treaties registered with the United Nations and a case study of France's exit from NATO's Status of Forces Agreement. I find that withdrawal reduces treaty members’ ratification of agreements with the exiting state by 7.9% in the 7 years after exit. This effect increases with the salience and material cost of withdrawal and can spill across issue areas.
Cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa reduces plasma membrane integrity and phospholipase C zeta 1 content as associated with oocyte activation
Authors: Gonzalez‐Castro Raul A. , Whitcomb Luke A. , Pinsinski Emma C. , Carnevale Elaine M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhospholipase C zeta (PLCZ1) is considered the major sperm‐borne oocyte activation factor. Cryopreserved stallion spermatozoa are commonly used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, plasma membrane damage and protein modifications caused by cryopreservation could impair sperm structure and function, leading to a reduction of PLCZ1 and oocyte activation after ICSI.ObjectivesWe compared membrane integrity and PLCZ1 abundance in populations for fresh, frozen, and refrozen stallion spermatozoa, either thawed and refrozen at room or low temperature; and examined the effect of relative PLCZ1 content on cleavage after ICSI.Materials and methodsWestern blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence were conducted in stallion spermatozoa, freezing extenders, and detergent‐extracted sperm fractions to detect and quantify PLCZ1. Retrospectively, PLCZ1 content and cleavage rate were analyzed. Fresh, frozen, and refrozen at room and low temperatures spermatozoa were evaluated for acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity and PLCZ1 content using flow cytometry.ResultsWestern blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence revealed significant reduction of PLCZ1 in spermatozoa after cryopreservation and confirmed PLCZ1 detection in extenders. After detergent extraction, a PLCZ1‐nonextractable fraction remained in the postacrosomal region of spermatozoa. Plasma membrane integrity was significantly reduced after freezing. Acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity were similar between frozen and refrozen samples at low temperature, but both were significantly higher than samples refrozen at room temperature. Acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity significantly correlated to PLCZ1 content. Percentages of PLCZ1‐labeled spermatozoa and PLCZ1 content were reduced after freezing but not after refreezing. Relative content and localization of PLCZ1 were associated with cleavage rates after ICSI.Discussion and conclusionSperm PLCZ1 content associates with cleavage rates after ICSI. Cryopreservation is detrimental to sperm plasma membrane integrity and PLCZ1 retention. However, refreezing did not result in additional PLCZ1 loss. Refreezing stallion spermatozoa at a low temperature resulted in better survival but did not improve PLCZ1 retention.
A general framework for modelling trade‐offs in adaptive behaviour
Authors: Houston Alasdair I. , Fromhage Lutz , McNamara John M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAn animal's behaviour can influence many variables, such as its energy reserves, its risk of injury or mortality, and its rate of reproduction. To identify the optimal action in a given situation, these various effects can be compared in the common currency of reproductive value. While this idea has been widely used to study trade‐offs between pairs of variables, e.g. between energy gain versus survival, here we present a unified framework that makes explicit how these various trade‐offs fit together. This unification covers a wide range of biological phenomena, highlighting similarities in their logical structure and helping to identify knowledge gaps. To fill one such gap, we present a new model of foraging under the risk of predation and damage accumulation. We conclude by discussing the use and limitations of state‐dependent optimisation theory in predicting biological observations.
Discovery of lipid profiles in plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Liu Lin , Kawashima Masahiro , Sugimoto Masahiro , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Pu Fengling , Li Wei , Takeda Masashi , Goto Takayuki , Kawaguchi Kosuke , Sato Taka‐Aki , Toi Masakazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLipids are a major component of extracellular vesicles; however, their significance in tumorigenesis and progression has not been well elucidated. As we previously found that lipid profiles drastically changed in breast tumors upon progression, we hypothesized that lipid profiles of plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles could be utilized as breast cancer biomarkers. Here, we adopted modified sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation to isolate plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles from breast cancer (n = 105), benign (n = 11), and healthy individuals (n = 43) in two independent cohorts (n = 126 and n = 33) and conducted targeted lipidomic analysis. We established a breast cancer diagnostic model comprising three lipids that showed favorable performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.759, 0.743, and 0.804 in the training, internal validation, and external test sets, respectively. Moreover, we identified several lipids that could effectively discriminate breast cancer progression and subtypes: phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines were relatively higher in Stage III, whereas phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were higher in Stage IV; phosphatidylcholines and ceramides were correspondingly concentrated in HER2‐positive patients, while lysophosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated triglycerides were concentrated in the triple‐negative breast cancer subtype. Lipid profiling of plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles is a non‐invasive and promising approach for diagnosing, staging, and subtyping breast cancer.
Children and adults' intuitions of what people can believe
Authors: Confer Joshua A. , Schleihauf Hanna , Engelmann Jan M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTwo preregistered studies tested how 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds, 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds, and adults judged the possibility of holding alternative beliefs (N = 240, 110 females, U.S. sample, mixed ethnicities, data collected from September 2020 through October 2021). In Study 1, children and adults thought people could not hold different beliefs when their initial beliefs were supported by evidence (but judged they could without this evidential constraint). In Study 2, children and adults thought people could not hold different beliefs when their initial beliefs were moral beliefs (but judged they could without this moral constraint). Young children viewed moral beliefs as more constrained than adults. These results suggest that young children already have sophisticated intuitions of the possibility of holding various beliefs and how certain beliefs are constrained.
The body mass index increases the genetic risk scores' ability to predict risk of hepatic damage in European adolescents: The HELENA study
Authors: Seral‐Cortes Miguel , Sabroso‐Lasa Sergio , Gonzalez‐Gross Marcela , Quesada‐Gonzalez Carlos , Stehle Peter , Gottrand Frederic , Marcos Ascension , Esperanza‐Diaz Ligia , Manios Yannis , Androutsos Odysseas , Widhalm Kurt , Molnar Denes , Huybrechts Inge , Muntaner Manon , Meirhaeghe Aline , Salazar‐Tortosa Diego , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Esteban Luis Mariano , Labayen Idoia , Moreno Luis A. ,   the HELENA study group
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatic disorders are often complex and multifactorial, modulated by genetic and environmental determinants. During the last years, the hepatic disease has been progressively established from early stages in life. The use of genetic risk scores (GRS) to predict the genetic susceptibility to a particular phenotype among youth has gained interest in recent years. Moreover, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood biomarker is often considered as hepatic screening tool, in combination with imaging techniques. The aim of the present study was to develop an ALT‐specific GRS to help in the evaluation of hepatic damage risk in European adolescents.MethodsA total of 972 adolescents (51.3% females), aged 12.5–17.5 years, from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study were included in the analyses. The sample incorporated adolescents in all body mass index (BMI) categories and was divided considering healthy/unhealthy ALT levels, using sex‐specific cut‐off points. From 1212 a priori ALT‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from candidate gene selection, a first screening of 234 SNPs univariately associated was established, selecting seven significant SNPs (p < .05) in the multivariate model. An unweighted GRS (uGRS) was developed by summing the number of reference alleles, and a weighted GRS (wGRS), by multiplying each allele to its estimated coefficient.ResultsThe uGRS and wGRS were significantly associated with ALT (p < .001). The area under curve was obtained integrating BMI as clinical factor, improving the predictive ability for uGRS (.7039) and wGRS (.7035), using 10‐fold internal cross‐validation.ConclusionsConsidering BMI status, both GRSs could contribute as complementary tools to help in the early diagnosis of hepatic damage risk in European adolescents.