bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Complications in Combined Plastic Surgery Procedures Using the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons Database
Authors: Schafer Rachel E , Blazel Madeleine M , Nowacki Amy S , Schwarz Graham S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Combining multiple surgical procedures into a single operative session is widespread in the field of plastic surgery; however, the implications of this practice are not fully understood.

Objectives
This study compared 30-day complication rates associated with combined plastic surgery procedures with the rates for index procedures.

Methods
This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons database from 2016 to 2020 to identify the 3 most frequent combinations of augmentation mammaplasty, reduction mammaplasty, trunk liposuction, mastopexy, and abdominoplasty.

Results
The 30-day overall complication rate was 5.0% (1400 of 26,771 patients), with a higher complication rate for combined procedures compared with index (7.6% vs 4.2%, adjusted odd ratio [aOR], 1.91 [95% CI, 1.61-2.27], P &lt; .001). There were no significant differences in complication rates for abdominoplasty or mastopexy combinations compared with index. Complication rates for reduction mammaplasty combinations compared with index were not statistically different after controlling for demographics (aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.61-1.64], P = .93). Higher rates of minor and major complications were observed for combinations of trunk liposuction (aOR, 4.84 [95% CI, 3.31-7.21), P &lt; .001) and augmentation mammaplasty (aOR, 1.60 [95% CI 1.13-2.22], P = .007) compared with index.

Conclusions
Combinations with trunk liposuction or augmentation mammaplasty present with increased risk of complications compared with index, controlling for demographics. Abdominoplasty and mastopexy may be combined with other plastic surgery procedures without increased risk to patients. The complication risk of reduction mammaplasty combinations is mediated by other variables, suggesting the need for shared surgical decision-making when recommending these combinations to patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune response in cells with deficient mitochondrial topoisomerase TOP1MT
Authors: Al Khatib Iman , Deng Jingti , Lei Yuanjiu , Torres-Odio Sylvia , Rojas Gladys R , Newman Laura E , Chung Brian K , Symes Andrew , Zhang Hongliang , Huang Shar-yin N , Pommier Yves , Khan Aneal , Shadel Gerald S , West Andrew Phillip , Gibson William T , Shutt Timothy E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The recognition that cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates cyclic GMP–AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) innate immune signaling has unlocked novel disease mechanisms. Here, an uncharacterized variant predicted to affect TOP1MT function, P193L, was discovered in a family with multiple early onset autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Although there was no previous genetic association between TOP1MT and autoimmune disease, the role of TOP1MT as a regulator of mtDNA led us to investigate whether TOP1MT could mediate the release of mtDNA to the cytosol, where it could then activate the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway known to be activated in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Through analysis of cells with reduced TOP1MT expression, we show that loss of TOP1MT results in release of mtDNA to the cytosol, which activates the cGAS-STING pathway. We also characterized the P193L variant for its ability to rescue several TOP1MT functions when expressed in TOP1MT knockout cells. We show that the P193L variant is not fully functional, as its re-expression at high levels was unable to rescue mitochondrial respiration deficits, and only showed partial rescue for other functions, including repletion of mtDNA replication following depletion, nucleoid size, steady state mtDNA transcripts levels and mitochondrial morphology. Additionally, expression of P193L at endogenous levels was unable to rescue mtDNA release-mediated cGAS-STING signaling. Overall, we report a link between TOP1MT and mtDNA release leading to cGAS-STING activation. Moreover, we show that the P193L variant has partial loss of function that may contribute to autoimmune disease susceptibility via cGAS-STING mediated activation of the innate immune system.
Combining fishery data through integrated species distribution models
Authors: Paradinas Iosu , Illian Janine B , Alonso-Fernändez Alexandre , Pennino Maria Grazia , Smout Sophie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Species Distribution Models are pivotal for fisheries management. There has been an increasing number of fishery data sources available, making data integration an attractive way to improve model predictions. A wide range of methods have been applied to integrate different datasets in different disciplines. We focus on the use of Integrated Species Distribution Models (ISDMs) due to their capacity to formally accommodate different types of data and scale proportional gear efficiencies. ISDMs use joint modelling to integrate information from different data sources to improve parameter estimation by fitting shared environmental, temporal and spatial effects. We illustrate this method first using a simulated example, and then apply it to a case study that combines data coming from a fishery-independent trawl survey and a fishery-dependent trammel net observations on Solea solea. We explore the sensitivity of model outputs to several weightings for the commercial data and also compare integrated model results with ensemble modelling to combine population trends in the case study. We obtain similar results but discuss that ensemble modelling requires both response variables and link functions to be the same across models. We conclude by discussing the flexibility and requirements of ISDMs to formally combine different fishery datasets.
196 CRISPR Technology and its Many Applications with Select Examples Related to Animal Agriculture
Authors: Barrangou Rodolphe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dr. Barrangou’s research focuses on the biology and genetics of CRISPR-Cas immune systems in bacteria. Using microbiology, molecular biology and genomics approaches, he investigates the use of CRISPR-Cas systems to generate novel tools for the manipulation of industrially relevant organisms for food and biotechnological applications. Dr. Barrangou talk will be an update on CRISPR technology and its many applications with select examples related to animal agriculture.
59 Supranutritional Selenium Supplementation During Different Trimesters of Pregnancy in Beef Cows Affects Gene Expression of Monocyte Cells
Authors: Diniz Wellison j , Bobe Gerd , Klopfenstein Joseph J , Zane Davis T , Ward Alison K , Hall Jean A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with beneficial effects on performance and immune function. Selenium plays a key role in enzymatic and metabolic pathways, primarily through selenocysteine-containing proteins. Despite increasing knowledge on the role of Se on conceptus development, less is known about its effects on maternal immune responses during gestation. Thus, our goal was to investigate the effects of supranutritional Se-supplementation during different trimesters of pregnancy on gene expression of monocyte blood cells and the underlying biological pathways. To this end, crossbred Angus cows (n = 40) received, except for the control group (CTR), Se-yeast boluses (105 mg of Se/wk) during the first (TR1), second (TR2), or third (TR3) trimester of gestation. Before calving, blood samples were collected from a jugular vein, and the monocytes were isolated and used for total RNA extraction. After quality control of the RNA-Seq data, 13,810 genes were tested for differential expression analysis using a t-test method implemented in the CeTF R-package. We identified 3,904 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across all group comparisons (FDR &lt; 0.05). Differentially expressed selenoprotein-coding genes included SELENOI, SELENOM, SELENON, SELENOP, SELENOT, and SEPSECS. Most of these genes were downregulated in the Se-supplemented groups compared with CTR. However, SELONOP was upregulated in TR1 and TR2 groups, and SELENOM in TR3 compared with CTR. Biological processes over-represented by the DEGs, were retrieved using the WebGestalt software (FDR &lt; 0.05). Immune-related biological processes included positive regulation of the immune system process, immune system development, leukocyte migration, and inflammatory response. Genes underlying these biological processes included ILDR1, IL21R, IL9R, and IL18BP, all of which were upregulated in TR2 compared with CTR. On the other hand, IL1R1, IL6R, and IL1RN genes were downregulated in the Se-supplemented groups. Our results provide evidence that genes underlying immune cell function and Se metabolism were affected by supranutritional Se supplementation.
42 Adrenomedullin Stimulates Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion of Porcine Trophectoderm Cells Via CALCRL-AKT-TSC2-MTORC1 Cell Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Bangmin , Paudel Sudikshya , Flowers William L , Piedrahita Jorge A , Wang Xiaoqiu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) as a highly conserved peptide hormone has been reported to increase significantly in the uterine lumen during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in pigs, but its functional roles in growth and development of porcine conceptus (embryonic/fetus and its extra-embryonic membranes) as well as underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted in vitro experiments using our established porcine trophectoderm cell line (pTr1) isolated from day -12 porcine conceptuses to test the hypothesis that porcine ADM stimulates cell proliferation, migration and adhesion via AKT-TSC2-MTOR cell signaling pathway in pTr1 cells. The pTr1 cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 U/mL penicillin, 50 μg/mL streptomycin, 0.1 mM each for nutritionally nonessential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 2 mM glutamine, and 4 μg/mL insulin. Opti-MEM supplied with 2.5% (vol/vol) charcoal-stripped FBS was used for siRNA-mediated knockdown targeting non-treated control (siNTC) or specific genes including ADM (siADM) and its shared receptor component calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CALCRL; siCALCRL). Cells were starved in FBS- and insulin-free medium for 24 hours before treatment. For proliferation assay, cell numbers were determined by staining with Janus-Green B after 48 h incubation. For migration assay, cells were treated with ADM after straight scratch in 6-well plates, and area of cell migration was calculated after 12 h treatment. For adhesion assay, cells were trypsinized in T-25 flasks and allowed for seeding in 96-well plates with density of 2×105 cells/0.2 mL/well, and the numbers of attached cells were determined after 12 h incubation. Western blot analyses were used to determine the expressions of target proteins at total and phosphorylated level. Porcine ADM at 10-7 M stimulated (P &lt; 0.05) pTr1 cell proliferation, migration and adhesion by 1.4%-, 1.5%- and 1.2%-folds, respectively. These ADM-induced effects were abrogated (P &lt; 0.05) by siADM and siCALCRL, as well as by rapamycin, the inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR). Using siRNA-mediated knockdown of CALCRL coupled with Western blot analyses, ADM signaling transduction was determined in which ADM binds to CALCRL to increase phosphorylation of MTOR, its downstream effectors (4EBP1, P70S6K, and S6), and upstream regulators (AKT and TSC2). Collectively, these results suggest that porcine ADM in histotroph act on its receptor component CALCRL to activate AKT-TSC2-MTOR, particularly MTORC1 signaling cascade, leading to elongation, migration and attachment of conceptuses. This research was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2022-67015-36491 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
99 Dietary Inclusion of a High-Anthocyanin Corn Cob Meal into Feedlot Rations Reducesin Vitro Methane Emissions
Authors: Long Nathan S , Proctor Jarret A , Smith Jason K , Piñeiro Juan M , Foster Ryan C , Gouvêa Vinícius N , Castleberry Bobbie L , Hiltbrunner Bridgette D , Xu Wenwei W , Molsbee Morgan K , Beck Matthew R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas associated with global warming that is released as a byproduct of rumen fermentation. Two experiments were conducted to determine if dietary inclusion of a novel high anthocyanin (Hi-A) containing corn cob meal [CCM; 4.99 mg anthocyanin×g-1 of dry matter (DM)] influences in vitro CH4 emissions relative to a conventional CCM (CNV; 0.04 mg anthocyanin×g-1 of DM). High-roughage starter (experiment 1) and low-roughage finisher (experiment 2) diets were formulated to contain 20% and0% total CCM (DM-basis), respectively. Treatments were based on the proportion of Hi-A to CNV CCM within each diet and consisted of 0% (0A), 25% (25A), 50% (50A), 75% (75A), and 100% Hi-A (100A) CCM. In experiments 1 and 2, ruminal fluid was collected from 4 cannulated steers offered traditional feedlot starter or finisher diets, respectively. Filter bags (F57; ANKOM; Macedon, NY) were loaded with 0.5 g of substrate and 2 bags per ANKOM RF system were incubated in buffer and rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 10-min intervals. The concentration of CH4 as a proportion of total gas production (%CH4) was measured using gas chromatography after 48 h. Total gas production was fit to the Ørskov model to determine asymptotic and fractional rates of gas production. In experiment 1, there was a cubic relationship between total gas production and Hi-A CCM inclusion for the intercept, asymptote, and fractional gas production rate (P ≤ 0.04). There was also a cubic relationship between %CH4 and Hi-A CCM inclusion (P = 0.04), where 50A had the largest reduction relative to 0A at -19.6% (P = 0.05). Total CH4 production (mL CH4×g DM-1) also exhibited a cubic relationship with Hi-A-CCM inclusion (P = 0.03), where 100A produced 20% less CH4 than 0A. In experiment 2, there was a cubic relationship between total gas production and Hi-A CCM inclusion for the intercept and asymptote (P ≤ 0.02) of the Ørskov model; however, fractional gas production rate expressed a quadratic relationship (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, a cubic relationship existed between %CH4 and Hi-A CCM inclusion, where 100A had the largest reduction relative to 0A (17.4%; P = 0.03). Lastly, there was a tendency for a cubic relationship between Hi-A CCM inclusion and total CH4 production (P = 0.06); however, 100A reduced total CH4 production by 22% relative to 0A (P = 0.01). Collectively, the greatest level of Hi-A CCM inclusion reduced total CH4 production relative to 0A in both starter and finisher diets. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of anthocyanins through CCM decreased CH4 emissions in vitro. Further research is needed to determine if anthocyanins from Hi-A CCM are effective at mitigating CH4 emissions in vivo.
190 Assessment of Weaning Management on Growth Performance and Health in Southeastern Beef Calves
Authors: Justice Maggie M , Mullenix Kim K , Tigue Daniel A , Zessin Peyton , Dillard Leanne L , Rodning Soren P , Chamorro Manuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The beef calf weaning period is a time of transition in the cow-calf production cycle and can be one of the most stressful stages in the life of a beef calf. This transition can have a major impact on both calf short- and long-term health, growth performance and economic returns. There are several different weaning management strategies cattle producers can use in this transition period. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of weaning management practices on beef calf performance and health before backgrounding. A two-year study was conducted using 427 steer calves (216 year 1, average BW 297 kg; 213 year 2, average BW 291 kg) from three Auburn University research farms were randomly assigned based on weaning weight to one of three different weaning method groups for a 14-day observation period: fenceline, nose-flap, or abrupt weaning. On day 0, all calves assigned to the abrupt weaning group traveled 3 hours to one central location. Calves in the fenceline and nose-flap groups traveled to the same location on day 14 of study. Calves were weighed on day 0, day 14 and 24 hours following any travel event. Blood samples were also collected to determine haptoglobin concentrations surrounding the travels events and blood titers following vaccinations. In both years of the study, fenceline weaned calves had the greatest average daily gain at 1.08 kg/d (P &lt; 0.0001) and abruptly weaned calves had the least average daily gain, losing 0.15 kg/d during the 14-d observation period. In Year 1, steers had a significantly greater (P &lt; 0.0001) gain across all treatments than calves in Year 2, with Year 1 calves gaining 7.72 kg more during the weaning period than Year 2 calves. Over both years of the study, fenceline weaned calves gained more (P =0.0008) than both nose-flap and abruptly weaned calves. In Year, abruptly weaned calves had greater blood concentrations of haptoglobin (0.084mg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001) than both the fenceline and noseflap weaned calves (0.023mg/mL; 0.020mg/mL). This data demonstrates how weaning management strategies may influence calf growth performance and the transition into the post-weaning period.
134 Effect of Rumen Degradable Protein Intake on Performance, Carcass Quality, and Methane Emissions of Yearling Finishing Steers
Authors: Proctor Jarret A , Beck Matthew R , Long Nathan S , Kasuske Zachery A , Foster Ryan C , Castleberry Bobbie L , Hiltbrunner Bridgette D , Gouvêa Vinícius N , Smith Jason K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The performance, economic, and environmental consequences of feeding rumen degradable protein (RDP) levels above and below calculated maximum energy-dependent microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis potential are poorly understood. Yearling steers (n = 54; initial BW = 484.1 ± 26.03 kg) were assigned to one of two pens that each contained an automated head chamber system (GreenFeed; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) for individual measurement of enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Each steer was assigned to an individual feed bunk (Calan Gate; American Calan, Northwood, NH) and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: low RDP intake (LRDPI; n = 8), neutral RDP intake (NRDPI; n = 8), or high RDP intake (HRDPI; n = 8) in a completely randomized design. Steers were transitioned to treatment diets utilizing a two-ration blend system for 20-day followed by an 80-day finishing period. Diets were formulated to provide cattle with similar metabolizable protein (MP) and net energy for gain (NEg) but different RDP supply. Diets were formulated to provide approximately 87% (LRDPI), 100% (NRDPI), or 113% (HRDPI) of calculated RDP requirements to maximize energy-allowable MCP-yield. Paired-day, unshrunk BW was collected on d 0, 50, and 80, and cattle were transported to a commercial abattoir for carcass data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted using Analysis of Variance in JMP Pro6.0 using the Fit Model procedure. Least-squares means differences were considered statistically significant if P &lt; 0.05 and considered a tendency toward significant if 0.05 ≤ P &lt; 0.15. Treatment rations provided approximately 94% (LRDPI), 106% (NRDPI), and 118% (HRDPI) of the RDP required to maximize energy-allowable MCP yield, respectively. Daily DMI was similar (P &gt; 0.15) for HRDPI and NRDPI cattle, but LRDPI cattle tended (P = 0.06) to have less DMI than NRDPI cattle. Dietary treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.32) ADG, feed conversion efficiency, ribeye area, marbling score or carcass yield grade. Yet, LRDPI cattle had lighter hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.05) and less subcutaneous fat thickness (P &lt; 0.05) than NRDPI cattle, whereas HRDPI cattle were not different (P ≥ 0.15) from the other treatments. On average, LRDPI cattle tended to emit 7.0% more daily CH4 (g×d-1; P = 0.05) than both NRDPI and HRDPI. Moreover, the LRDPI treatment elicited a 14.7% and 18.1% increase in CH4-yield (g CH4×kg DMI-1; P &lt; 0.01) and emission intensity (g CH4×kg ADG-1; P &lt; 0.05) compared with the other treatments, respectively. These data indicate that limiting MCP-yield by restricting RDP intake may reduce subcutaneous fat thickness and carcass weight while increasing enteric CH4 emissions. These results reiterate the importance of meeting RDP requirements and suggest no performance or methane emission benefits of overfeeding RDP.
131 Evaluating Supplementation Programs for Growing Calves Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures
Authors: Womack Addie , Beck Paul A , Kegley Elizabeth B , Hess Tom , Hubbell Don S , Gadberry Shane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to factors such as, high delivery costs, supplement availability, and labor; producers are interested in supplement delivery alternatives. Our objective was to determine gain in response to hand-fed (HF) or self-fed (SF) summer supplementation programs at the University of Arkansas Livestock and Forestry Research Station, on 20, 0.81-ha common bermudagrass pastures at a stocking rate of 5 growing calves per pasture (BW ± SD = 247 ± 24.6) over three years. This was a 2 x 2 + factorial arrangement of treatments, which included: Control (CON) – only free choice mineral; HF 1.13 kg/d by-product-based supplement offered only late summer (LS) or all summer (AS); SF tub supplement (PVM Cattle Tub, Positive Feed Ltd., Sealy, TX) either LS or AS. The HF supplement in year was a 50:50 blend of soybean hulls and corn gluten feed, in year 2 an extruded dried distillers grains cube (MasterHand Milling, Lexington NE) was used for HF, while in year 3 corn gluten feed was the HF supplement. Data were analyzed as a generalized randomized complete block design using the mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Fixed effects in the model included supplementation treatment, year, and year by treatment interaction. Even though different HF supplements were used each year there was no year X treatment interactions (P ≥ 0.10); therefore, results are presented pooled across years. Early summer ADG was greater for HFAS (P &lt; 0.01) than CON and SFAS, while supplemental efficiency (SE, kg added gain/kg supplement) in early summer was less (P = 0.05) SFAS than HFAS. Late summer ADG was greater for HF than SF and CON; while SE did not differ (P = 0.52) among treatments. Total supplement costs, in US dollars per steer for SF, were $67.50 when fed AS and $49.36 when fed in late summer only. Supplement costs for HF were much lower, $33.54 and $15.72/steer for AS and LS, respectively. Cost of added gain for SF was $28.33 and $16.14/kg for SFAS and SFLS, respectively. When providing supplement by HF, cost of added gain was $3.32 and $1.68/kg for HFAS and HFLS, respectively. With these results, we determined the most cost-effective way to add gain with supplement to growing calves grazing bermudagrass pasture is to hand-feed. When calves were HFAS, total supplement costs were higher, but considering the greater ADG, ending bodyweight, and supplemental efficiency ratio, HF supplements should provide a positive net return. Calves on this experiment did not respond as expected to the SF supplement, likely because the bermudagrass pastures in this experiment averaged over3% CP and were in excess of 10% even in the LS sampling periods.