bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive reuse of industrial heritage building – comparative life cycle assessment using a case study in Norway
Authors: Kyaw K S , Fufa S M , Kraniotis D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Materials production dominates the total Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the construction industry. On the other hand, most existing building stocks are expected to last for the next 30 years, which can contribute to increasing resource efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and creating social, cultural, and economic values for society. Therefore, it becomes vital to investigate the environmental impacts of adaptive reuse of existing buildings using a life cycle approach. The objective of this study is to explore the environmental performance of adaptive reuse of an industrial heritage building compared to new construction using a life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The environmental impacts of the selected case study are evaluated using four scenarios, with two adaptive reuse scenarios, a warehouse or an office building and two new construction scenarios, a new warehouse or a new office building. One-Click LCA is used as an LCA tool, and the scenarios are compared by total carbon footprint, life cycle models, GHG emissions per building elements and material types. The results show that among the four scenarios, the adaptive to warehouse scenario is the best adaptation option with considerably lower environmental impact, followed by the adaptive office scenario. This paper highlights that adaptation of existing industrial heritage buildings, with the least materials replacement option, is worthwhile. The further evaluation needed for the study’s limitation is also highlighted for data efficiency and potential for further research.
Energy efficiency retrofits versus sustainable interventions in the Greek historic building fabric. An overview
Authors: Alexandrou E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The introduction of the first Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) and its consequent reforms, initiated a wide discussion on the energy efficiency and retrofit of the old building stock. As The EPBD excluded heritage buildings under statutory protection due to conservation conflicts, it soon became apparent that the old fabric and heritage value of a significant number of the old and mainly traditional buildings were at risk, threatened by incompatible interventions. Since then, a substantial amount of research projects, and initiatives were carried out, mostly examining energy efficiency and performance of the old fabric and investigating the application of energy retrofits within the frame of preservation of heritage value. However, issues such as the sustainability of the interventions, the preservation of the inherent sustainable and environment friendly characteristics, along with issues of compatibility, adaptability and resilience have not been studied extensively, even though these aspects could act as decisive parameters on the low impact operation and longevity of these buildings. The Greek old building fabric is an amalgam of integrated materials, architectural and intangible elements which express the historic and cultural evolution of the country’s built environment. This paper attempts to identify the intrinsic elements that need to be evaluated in each restoration and/or energy refurbishment work in order to dignify the proper procedures that need to be followed for low impact sustainable interventions responsive to the requirements of each certain project.
A review of the contributions of Artificial Intelligence in fire engineering, in a world rapidly realising the need for sustainable design
Authors: Bakas I , Kontoleon K J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With sustainability being at the forefront of international civil and structural engineering professional bodies agendas, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and its numerous facets, has potential of providing an invaluable tool. Although the notion of AI is not new, it only recently started gaining momentum in the sector of fire engineering. The combination of tangible benefits in scientific and industrial applications, in conjunction with a developing understanding of its functionality, requirements and deliverables, from practitioners and researchers alike, supported a wider acceptance of the method. Acknowledging the scope of AI applications is vast, a focus will be given to fire engineering scientific projects. A selection of recent, representative scientific papers will be reviewed with the aim of debating the attributes of Artificial Intelligence in the context of sustainability, while also assessing its current contribution to the technical advancement of the field.
Preliminary study on the use of Big Data for environmental benchmarks of residential buildings in Flanders
Authors: Mouton L , Ramon D , Trigaux D , Allacker K , Crawford R H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Building construction and operation both have a high environmental impact. In Flanders (Belgium), public authorities have defined clear targets for improved building energy performance, but a strategy to reduce construction (embodied) impact is still lacking. Environmental benchmarks based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been identified as a means to limit embodied impacts. Such benchmarks are often derived with a bottom-up approach consisting of a statistical analysis of the building stock, which is usually modelled based on a limited set of representative buildings or archetypes. In this paper, a data-driven approach is applied based on building data from the Flemish Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) database. In a recent study, the buildings from the EPB database were clustered based on geometric and energy-related parameters, and for each cluster representative buildings were selected. This resulted in 54 buildings representative of newly built residential buildings in Flanders. The building set distinguishes itself from other existing sets because it was automatically generated from a large building database. Up until now, the EPB building set has only been used to evaluate the financial feasibility of energy performance levels in Flanders. In this preliminary study, an LCA is performed to assess the life cycle environmental impacts of five sample cases in view of benchmarking. The sample includes two detached, two semi-detached, and one terraced house, all solid construction and in line with the Flemish EPB requirements of 2014. The results show that the environmental score of the buildings is comparable to benchmark values obtained based on the analysis of Belgian archetypes. Further, the building geometry and compactness are identified as key parameters, whereas the materialisation has a more limited influence on the environmental impact. Next research steps will focus on the modelling of more cases, including different construction types, energy performance levels, and potential impact mitigation strategies. The study concludes that the EPB buildings are promising to define environmental benchmarks for the Flemish dwelling stock.
Energy retrofit strategies of built heritage: using Building Information Modelling tools for streamlined energy and economic analysis.
Authors: Thravalou S , Michopoulos A , Alexandrou K , Artopoulos G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dynamic simulation tools are widely used in the workflow of energy retrofitting historic buildings as they contribute to the development of an optimised, cost-effective renovation strategy. Additionally, Building Information Modelling (BIM) applied in heritage buildings can provide a holistic platform that improves collaboration between different stakeholders involved in the management, restoration and energy-retrofit of heritage buildings, by facilitating data sharing and project coordination. However, the use of BIM for energy simulation is rarely implemented due to emerging technical complexities regarding data interoperability. In response to the above shortcomings, the paper addresses the challenges of integrating a) dynamic energy performance analysis and b) financial feasibility analysis, using Heritage-BIM (H-BIM) tools. Insights and knowledge acquired through the case of a deep renovation of a historic building in ruin condition is presented. Specifically, an integrated H-BIM approach was developed by the authors in order to propose cost-effective energy efficiency upgrade measures. The energy improvement measures concern the upgrade of the thermal transmission of the building envelope, the incorporation of efficient heating, cooling and mechanical ventilation systems, as well as the incorporation of renewable energy systems. The economic feasibility study is based on widely used financial indicators, including life cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The proposed workflow aims to become a useful methodological tool for public authorities, assisting the attraction of financing mechanisms for the restoration and energy-upgrade of the historic building stock.
Recognizing the Paradigm of the Unknowing Victim and the Implications of Liminality
Authors: Ost Suzanne , Gillespie Alisdair A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article presents the novel conceptualization of the unknowing victim (UV) and addresses the ethical ramifications of this status. Criminology and victimology have primarily focused on knowing victims, but certain crimes occur without the victim’s detection (e.g. sexual assault of an unconscious victim). There is a critical liminal dimension to UV’s status: they are on the threshold between unawareness and conscious awareness of their status as victims of crime and are thus situated on the brink of experiencing harm through their own discovery, or someone else’s disclosure, of the crime committed against them. We call for the recognition of UVs and the temporalities of their embodied experiences, and argue that there is an ethical imperative to prioritize their lived experience.
CPC01 A puzzling panniculitis
Authors: McFeely Orla , Carroll Tomas , Wolinksa Anna , Pierce Brian , Molloy Kevin , G. McElvaney Noel , Tobin Anne-Marie , Hackett Caitriona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 51-year-old White woman was seen by dermatology services for a 3-day history of a painful subcutaneous nodule affecting her right distal calf, which was on a background of recurrent erythema nodosum diagnosed in childhood and an admission 6 months prior secondary to neutrophilic panniculitis affecting the right groin. The patient had sustained a traumatic injury to the leg following a fall. She was treated with oral antibiotics for a presumed infected haematoma. As her pain increased, she presented to the emergency department 3 weeks after the fall. On examination, a tender erythematous subcutaneous lesion with central sloughing was noted. She was tachycardic and hypotensive on presentation. Her C-reactive protein was elevated (172 mg L−1), and leucocytosis (15 × 109 cells L−1), with associated neutrophilia and anaemia (9.0 g dL−1), was noted on complete blood count review. Two days later, despite treatment with intravenous (IV) benzylpenicillin, flucloxacillin, clindamycin and topical clobetasol propionate, the lesion enlarged rapidly. Dermatology was consulted. Viral screens, including HIV, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C, were all negative. Serum protein electrophoresis and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme were within normal limits. Her α-1 antitrypsin level was elevated (3.16 g L−1; reference interval 1.1–2.1 g L−1). Her admission was complicated by sepsis, which required escalation of IV antibiotics to meropenem, vancomycin and clindamycin. Punch biopsy revealed epidermal necrosis and ulceration with extensive neutrophilic dermatosis and dermal abscess formation. The inflammation was seen to extend into the subcutis. Findings were reported as consistent with neutrophilic panniculitis. Colchicine was commenced based on ongoing sepsis and anaemia secondary to acute-on-chronic inflammation. Over 2 weeks, the lesion rapidly enlarged, prompting the introduction of oral corticosteroids (0.5 mg kg−1). Adalimumab and doxycycline were further introduced to reduce steroid requirements. Outpatient echocardiogram and colonoscopy revealed no pathology. Reduced levels of α-1 antitrypsin were noted on two occasions (0.89 g L−1 and 0.91 g L−1), coinciding with normal inflammatory markers following her acute illness. To date, no α-1 antitrypsin genetic abnormality has been detected. Panniculitis can be a rare and life-threatening manifestation of α-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Patients presenting with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and panniculitis have a reportedly high mortality risk. No hepatic or respiratory manifestation of α-1 antitrypsin deficiency was seen in this case, highlighting the importance of considering α-1 antitrypsin deficiency in the assessment of panniculitis and rechecking α-1 antitrypsin in this context as it is an acute-phase reactant.
P41 An emerging role of interferon targeted therapy for the treatment of cutaneous systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective real-world evaluation of anifrolumab for refractory cutaneous lupus
Authors: Carter Lucy , Wigston Zoe , Laws Philip , Vital Edward 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), particularly discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), is frequently unresponsive to standard therapies, including antimalarial and immunosuppressive therapies. Recent evidence has identified the importance of type-1 interferon (IFN-1) in the pathogenesis of disease. Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets IFN-1 and has been licensed for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is unclear which clinical subtypes of CLE are associated with an IFN-1 signature and may be responsive to anifrolumab therapy. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of anifrolumab on (i) DLE and (ii) rituximab-refractory CLE and (iii) to compare IFN-specific biomarkers and (iv) early and late immunophenotypic and clinical responses. Anifrolumab was available through an early access to medicines scheme. Patients with SLE for whom the phenotype was predominantly cutaneous were treated with anifrolumab 300 mg intravenously every 4 weeks. The Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were reported. Seven patients were identified (five with DLE, one with chilblain and one with subacute CLE were enrolled). All patients were female (median age 46 years; median disease duration 17 years). The median number of failed therapies was six: rituximab in six, belimumab in two and thalidomide in four patients. Four patients required long-term oral prednisolone &gt; 10 mg daily. The median baseline CLASI activity score was 17 and DLQI was 16/30. The median CLASI score reduced after 4 weeks to 6 (range 0–13; P = 0.016) with a median decrease from baseline of 60% (range 19–100%), which was maintained at 6 months. Clinical responses were associated with significant improvements in DLQI (P &lt; 0.001) and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (P = 0.002) by 3 months. All patients had a marked suppression of IFN-stimulated genes at 4 weeks (mean difference 2.92; P &lt; 0.01). Treatment was generally well tolerated with the exception of one patient who had shingles complicated by sensorineural hearing loss while on anifrolumab and prednisolone &gt; 15 mg daily. This required prolonged aciclovir for effective management. This case series highlights the potential role for anifrolumab in managing treatment-resistant CLE with particular responses observed in DLE and chilblain lupus. The need for enhanced awareness of viral infections, particularly varicella-zoster virus, needs to be considered in higher-risk patients.
P82 Validation of the dermatology life quality index (DLQI): a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Johns Jeffrey , Vyas Jui , Ali Faraz , Ingram John , Salek Sam , Singh Ravinder , Finlay Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was first published in 1994, and, since that time, it has become the most widely used patient-reported outcome measure worldwide in dermatological studies, owing to its robustness, simplicity and ease of use. This study is the first to review systematically evidence of DLQI validation. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO were searched for relevant peer-reviewed publications in English, combined into EndNote and filtered for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study followed PRISMA guidelines, and the study protocol was prospectively published in PROSPERO. A bespoke REDCap database was created, and data from included studies were independently extracted into this by two reviewers. COSMIN guidelines were used to determine bias in studies, and only those studies that reported COSMIN-accepted methods of validation were included. A total of 1262 articles were found from online searches; on screening, 69 met the eligibility criteria, describing 19 216 patients. Studies were conducted in at least 26 different countries, with 13 in the USA, 8 in China, and 5 each in the UK, Brazil and Hungary. Most patients were recruited in hospitals (30.4%), clinics (21.7%) and outpatient departments (10.1%), and 22.5% in other settings; 13.0% was not specified. Twenty-nine studies were multicentred. Most studies (n = 38) collected data specifically for validation, five used data from randomized controlled trials, seven were case–control studies and one was an open-label study. One study was validation of a translation, and five were of cross-cultural adaptation. Psoriasis was the most common disease studied (n = 19; 27%), along with 19 other diseases. The UK English version of the DLQI was used in 18 studies, and 20 other language versions were also used in the other studies. Factor analysis was done in 21 studies, Rasch/item response theory (n = 5), test–retest (n = 14), Cronbach’s alpha (n = 33), known group (n = 19), convergent (n = 10), concurrent (n = 3), divergent (n = 2), content (n = 7), criterion (n = 2) and face (n = 2) validation and responsiveness (n = 15). COSMIN risk of bias showed that few studies met the current rigorous requirements of the guidelines. Extensive evidence of validation of the DLQI is provided to inform researchers’ decisions concerning its use. Recommendations for improving the research methodology and reporting of DLQI validation are also given.
CD11 Patch testing in vulval dermatoses
Authors: Stavrou Christiana , Bajaj Vrinda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Patch testing is an important tool in the investigation of patients with vulval dermatoses, with a significant impact on patients with a relevant identifiable allergen. There has been little research conducted in this area, with small studies suggesting a higher rate of positivity in anogenital dermatoses (39–78%) vs. patch testing in female patients generally (35–40%) (Woodruff CM, Trivedi MK, Botto N, Kornik R. Allergic contact dermatitis of the vulva. Dermatitis 2018; 29:233–43). There is also a high rate of clinically relevant results (13–49%) (Vandeweege S, Debaene B, Lapeere H, Verstraelen H. A systematic review of allergic and irritative contact dermatitis of the vulva: the most important allergens/irritants and the role of patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:249–62). The aetiology of this increased rate of allergic dermatitis at this site can be attributed to a number of factors. This includes intrinsic immunological characteristics of the vulval skin, local elements including infection and urine exposure, as well as external behavioural factors. There is a lack of site-specific guidance in light of this propensity of allergic contact dermatitis in vulval dermatoses. This review examined 54 patient records retrospectively at the University Hospital North Durham from 2016 to 2021 and prospectively from July to December 2022 referred for patch testing with vulval symptoms. Forty-eight patients were included with an average age of 51 years. Itch (48%) and discomfort or soreness (28%) were the main symptoms for which patients were referred. The most frequently requested patch test batteries after the British Standard Battery were medicaments, then cortico­st­eroid. The overall positivity of this cohort was 73%, in line with the available literature. The most common allergens were nickel, followed by fragrances. Of the patients with positive patch tests, 48% were relevant. Forty per cent had a partial response on withdrawal of the allergen, and 8% had complete response. Given the psychosocial impact of vulval pruritus and discomfort and the high positivity of patch testing in these patients, further population-based research is warranted to standardize patch testing in vulval dermatoses. Additionally, a low threshold for referral for patch testing should be considered to identify any element of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with recalcitrant vulval symptoms.
DP04 Role of multidisciplinary team meetings in management of inflammatory skin conditions
Authors: Shakeel Musfira , Foulkes Amy , Warren Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The multidisciplinary team (MDT) model has been previously demonstrated to improve early diagnosis and outcomes for psoriatic arthritis [Zheng YX, Zheng M. A multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis and management of psoriatic arthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1387–9; Luelomo J, Gratacós J, Martínez-Losa MM et al. A report of 4 years of experience of a multidisciplinary unit of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Reumatol Clin 2014; 10:141–6]. However, there is little evidence for a similar role in inflammatory skin disease (ISD). A monthly psoriasis MDT has been established in our tertiary referral dermatology centre. We analysed referrals from February 2021 to February 2022. A total of 37 patient cases were discussed, 29 from within the geographical region of the centre and eight from outside the region. Reasons for referral were the presence of comorbidities; in the majority of cases, this was the presence of an internal malignancy (n = 15). Additional comorbidities were organ transplantation (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 2), coexisting inflammatory arthritis (n = 4) and history of severe infection (n = 2). The secondary reason for referral was a history of multiple treatment failures (n = 8) and/or adverse effects of current biologics (n = 2). Where outcome data for regional patients could be assessed, the majority (n = 16) subsequently demonstrated objective improvement in their skin condition, with a mean reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of 79.0% (n = 16) and a concurrent mean improvement of 59.6% in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (n = 11). Three patients died (unrelated to psoriasis/treatment). In summary, the presence of comorbidities and prior treatment failures are the primary reasons for referral to a tertiary referral service psoriasis MDT. Multidisciplinary team discussion results in objective improvements in patient care at early follow-up assessments. Further data on MDT outcomes for ISD are required.