bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Path-guided intelligent switching over knowledge graphs with deep reinforcement learning for recommendation
Authors: Tao Shaohua , Qiu Runhe , Cao Yan , Xue Guoqing , Ping Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOnline recommendation systems process large amounts of information to make personalized recommendations. There has been some progress in research on incorporating knowledge graphs in reinforcement learning for recommendation; however, some challenges still remain. First, in these approaches, an agent cannot switch paths intelligently, because of which, the agent cannot cope with multi-entities and multi-relations in knowledge graphs. Second, these methods do not have predefined targets and thus cannot discover items that are closely related to user-interacted items and latent rich semantic relationships. Third, contemporary methods do not consider long rational paths in knowledge graphs. To address these problems, we propose a deep knowledge reinforcement learning (DKRL) framework, in which path-guided intelligent switching was implemented over knowledge graphs incorporating reinforcement learning; this model integrates predefined target and long logic paths over knowledge graphs for recommendation systems. Specifically, the designed novel path-based intelligent switching algorithm with predefined target enables an agent to switch paths intelligently among multi-entities and multi-relations over knowledge graphs. In addition, the weight of each path is calculated, and the agent switches paths between multiple entities according to path weights. Furthermore, the long logic path has better recommendation performance and interpretability. Extensive experiments with actual data demonstrate that our work improves upon existing methods.The experimental results indicated that DKRL improved the baselines of NDCG@10 by 3.7%, 9.3%, and 4.7%; of HR@10 by 12.39%, 20.8%, and 13.86%; of Prec@10 by 5.17%, 3.57%, 6.2%; of Recall@10 by 3.01%, 4.2%, and 3.37%. The DKRL model achieved more effective recommendation performance using several large benchmark data sets compared with other advanced methods.
Rockburst prediction based on optimization of unascertained measure theory with normal cloud
Authors: Hu Xingmiao , Huang Linqi , Chen Jiangzhan , Li Xibing , Zhang Hongzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRockburst is one of the common geological disasters in deep underground areas with high stress. Rockburst prediction is an important measure to know in advance the risk of rockburst hazards to take a scientific approach to the response. In view of the fuzziness and uncertainty between quantitative indexes and qualitative grade assessments in prediction, this study proposes the use of a normal cloud model to optimize the theory of unascertained measures (NC-UM). The uniaxial compressive strength (σc), stress coefficient (σθ/σc), elastic deformation energy index (Wet), and brittleness index of rock (σc/σt) are selected as the index of prediction. After data screening, 249 groups of rockburst case data are selected as the original data set. To reduce the influence of subjective and objective factors of index weight on the prediction results, the game theory is used to synthesize the three weighting methods of Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), Entropy Weight (EW), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain the comprehensive weight of the index. After validating the model with example data, the results showed that the model was 93.3% accurate with no more than one level of prediction deviation. Compared with the traditional unascertained measure (UM) rockburst prediction model, the accuracy is 15–20% higher than that of the traditional model. It shows that the model is valid and applicable in predicting the rockburst propensity level.
Decision variable contribution based adaptive mechanism for evolutionary multi-objective cloud workflow scheduling
Authors: Li Jun , Xing Lining , Zhong Wen , Cai Zhaoquan , Hou Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWorkflow scheduling is vital to simultaneously minimize execution cost and makespan for cloud platforms since data dependencies among large-scale workflow tasks and cloud workflow scheduling problem involve large-scale interactive decision variables. So far, the cooperative coevolution approach poses competitive superiority in resolving large-scale problems by transforming the original problems into a series of small-scale subproblems. However, the static transformation mechanisms cannot separate interactive decision variables, whereas the random transformation mechanisms encounter low efficiency. To tackle these issues, this paper suggests a decision-variable-contribution-based adaptive evolutionary cloud workflow scheduling approach (VCAES for short). To be specific, the VCAES includes a new estimation method to quantify the contribution of each decision variable to the population advancement in terms of both convergence and diversity, and dynamically classifies the decision variables according to their contributions during the previous iterations. Moreover, the VCAES includes a mechanism to adaptively allocate evolution opportunities to each constructed group of decision variables. Thus, the decision variables with a strong impact on population advancement are assigned more evolution opportunities to accelerate population to approximate the Pareto-optimal fronts. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed VCAES, we carry out extensive numerical experiments on real-world workflows and cloud platforms to compare it with four representative algorithms. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the VCAES in resolving cloud workflow scheduling problems.
Generic Group Metacognitive Therapy for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Related Problems: a Preliminary Evaluation in Specialized Mental Health Care
Authors: Strand Eivind R. , Veium Lise T. , Engvik Liv S. S. , Nordahl Henrik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a transdiagnostic treatment approach with substantial empirical support that is well suited to be delivered in a group format. The present study reports on data from a service evaluation of generic group metacognitive therapy delivered to individuals seeking treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) at a specialized mental health outpatient clinic. A total of 17 patients diagnosed with MDD where comorbidity was frequent received 10 sessions of generic group MCT delivered by two therapists. Group MCT was associated with large effect sizes for symptoms of depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, self-esteem, general functioning, dysfunctional metacognitions, and treatment satisfaction was very high. The average number of therapist sessions used to treat each patient was seven. These preliminary findings support the continued use and evaluation of group MCT for patients seeking treatment for depression in specialized mental health care which likely is a cost-effective treatment option.
Diagnostik und Therapie des polyzystischen Ovarsyndroms (PCOS) in der Adoleszenz
Authors: Walch Katharina 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungBei jugendlichen Mädchen ist die eindeutige Diagnosestellung des polzystischen Ovarsyndroms (PCOS) oft schwierig, weil sog. „key features“ des Syndroms (wie unregelmäßige Zyklen, vorübergehend erhöhte männliche Hormone und sog. Pubertätsakne) unter Teenagern weit verbreitet sind und auch im Rahmen der physiologischen Pubertätsentwicklung auftreten können. Daher ist empfohlen, betroffene Mädchen primär nicht mit der definitiven Diagnose eines PCOS zu konfrontieren, sondern diese regelmäßig zu reevaluieren. Erst anhaltende Zyklusunregelmäßigkeiten (zumeist Oligomenorrhö) und persistierende klinische oder biochemische Hyperandrogenämie bestätigen die Verdachtsdiagnose. Weder erhöhte Serum-AMH-Spiegel noch ein auffälliger Ultraschallbefund sollen zur Diagnosestellung bei Adoleszentinnen herangezogen werden. Die sog. „Lifestyle-Modifikation“ ist immer die erste und wichtigste Therapieoption bei übergewichtigen Jugendlichen mit PCOS. Je nach der im Vordergrund stehenden Beschwerdesymptomatik gibt es noch zusätzliche Therapieoptionen. Zur Endometriumprotektion soll eine regelmäßige Abbruchblutung – zumindest 1 × im Quartal – induziert werden. Bei vielen jungen Mädchen gehen die kutanen Hyperandrogenisierungserscheinungen mit großem Leidensdruck einher. Unter Beachtung der Kontraindikationen sind die niedrig dosierten kombinierten oralen Kontrazeptiva die erste Therapieoption in diesen Fällen. Ein interdisziplinärer Betreuungsansatz ist bei der Therapie von jungen Mädchen mit PCOS obligat.
Characterisation of dry spells for agricultural applications in Malawi
Authors: Chimimba Ellasy Gulule , Ngongondo Cosmo , Li Chengxiu , Minoungou Bernard , Monjerezi Maurice , Eneya Levis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDry spells are one of the climate change hazards that continue to exert pressure on the agriculture sector, hence affecting food security. Understanding dry spell characteristics of an area helps in coming up with interventions and adaptive measures among other advantages. This study aimed at understanding characteristics of dry spells for Malawi by using climate hazards group infrared precipitation with stations precipitation data from 1981 to 2019. The study focused on the spatial distribution, maximum number of dry days, trend of maximum dry days and time of occurrence of dry spells. Data was analysed using Mann–Kendal trend analysis in R software. The results indicate a high number of occurrences of dry spells in the southern region than the other two regions of Malawi. In addition, the southern region experienced the highest maximum number of dry days. However, there is an upward trend for maximum days of dry spells in central region than all other regions. Local scale topographic influences on dry spell occurrence were also apparent. The study further established that the number of dry spell occurrence in the rainfall season starts to increase towards end of March. In this regard, although rainfall season in the study area is considered to be from November to April, the study recommends that growing season should be considered to be November to March so that crops are not affected by end of season dry spells which are common. Farmers should ensure that they plant crops that will mature with this growing period.
Single and Combined Effect of Cd and Zn on Growth, Metal Accumulation and Mineral Nutrition in Tobacco Plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Cham Ramin , Moghtaderi Tahereh , Rodríguez-Seijo Andrés , Alamdar Razieh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContamination by heavy metals (HM) is a global concern due to their impact on terrestrial and aquatic environments. This question has great relevance in agricultural areas due to excessive chemical fertilization. In this sense, Cd is a toxic element that can reach agricultural soils through chemical fertilization or sewage sludges. Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)can uptake and accumulate Cd in their tissues, and therefore, an increased risk for human health due to tobacco consumption. This study was performed to evaluate the response of tobacco plants to a single and combined amendment of Cd and Zn on agricultural soil with a pot experiment. A factorial experiment was performed with four Cd levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1) and three Zn levels (0, 15 and 25 mg kg-1). Growth, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation and nutrient uptake parameters were assessed. The results revealed that during the tobacco growth, Cd was bioaccumulated on roots (translocation factor <1), while Zn was bioaccumulated on the aerial part (TF>1). Besides, the Zn amendment significantly decreased the Cd uptake and accumulation, especially under intermediate doses (15 mg kg-1Zn). Zinc amendments could be helpful as a mitigation measure for Cd uptake in tobacco plants and, therefore, for health risk reduction.
Novel typology of accelerated carbonation curing: using dry and pre-soaked biochar to tune carbon capture and mechanical properties of cementitious mortar
Authors: Kua H. W. , Tan S. M. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges of promoting accelerated carbonation curing (ACC) of concrete as a carbon sequestration strategy is ensuring that carbonation will not deteriorate mechanical strength. This study examined the mechanical strength, water sorptivity and carbonation efficiency of ten types of mortar containing dry or pre-soaked biochar subjected to internal and/or external carbonation. The results obtained enabled a typology of ACC to be proposed, in which the carbon dioxide absorption of mortar containing various types of CO2-dosed biochar ranged between 0.022% and 0.068% per unit dosage hour. In particular, the mortar containing dry biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was the top candidate for concurrently increasing both compressive strength (54.9 MPa) and carbon dioxide absorption (0.055% per unit dosage hour). Mortar containing pre-soaked biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was identified as a strategy that achieved the highest carbonation efficiency (0.068% per unit dosage hour), but it also reduced compressive strength (45.1 MPa). Collectively, the proposed typology offers a useful overview of the different ways by which biochar can be used to tune ACC in mortar, according to any technical constraints and/or intended functions of the carbonated concrete components.

Graphical Abstract
Graph-Enhanced Biomedical Abstractive Summarization Via Factual Evidence Extraction
Authors: Frisoni Giacomo , Italiani Paolo , Moro Gianluca , Bartolini Ilaria , Boschetti Marco Antonio , Carbonaro Antonella 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfusing structured semantic representations into language models is a rising research trend underpinning many natural language processing tasks that require understanding and reasoning capabilities. Decoupling factual non-ambiguous concept units from the lexical surface holds great potential in abstractive summarization, especially in the biomedical domain, where fact selection and rephrasing are made more difficult by specialized jargon and hard factuality constraints. Nevertheless, current graph-augmented contributions rely on extractive binary relations, failing to model real-world n-ary and nested biomedical interactions mentioned in the text. To alleviate this issue, we present EASumm, the first framework for biomedical abstractive summarization empowered by event extraction, namely graph-based representations of relevant medical evidence derived from the source scientific document. By relying on dual text-graph encoders, we prove the promising role of explicit event structures, achieving better or comparable performance than previous state-of-the-art models on the CDSR dataset. We conduct extensive ablation studies, including a wide experimentation of graph representation learning techniques. Finally, we offer some hints to guide future research in the field.
Existence and non-uniqueness of stationary states for the Vlasov–Poisson equation on $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$ subject to attractive background charges
Authors: Winter Raphael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of stationary solutions for the density of an infinitely extended plasma interacting with an arbitrary configuration of background charges. Furthermore, we show that the solution cannot be unique if the total charge of the background is attractive. In this case, infinitely many different stationary solutions exist. The non-uniqueness can be explained by the presence of trapped particles orbiting the attractive background charge.
Progress toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates of marine-terminating glaciers
Authors: Kochtitzky William , Copland Luke , Van Wychen Wesley , Hock Regine , Rounce David R. , Jiskoot Hester , Scambos Ted A. , Morlighem Mathieu , King Michalea , Cha Leo , Gould Luke , Merrill Paige-Marie , Glazovsky Andrey , Hugonnet Romain , Strozzi Tazio , Noël Brice , Navarro Francisco , Millan Romain , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Cook Alison , Dalton Abigail , Khan Shfaqat , Jania Jacek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKnowledge of frontal ablation from marine-terminating glaciers (i.e., mass lost at the calving face) is critical for constraining glacier mass balance, improving projections of mass change, and identifying the processes that govern frontal mass loss. Here, we discuss the challenges involved in computing frontal ablation and the unique issues pertaining to both glaciers and ice sheets. Frontal ablation estimates require numerous datasets, including glacier terminus area change, thickness, surface velocity, density, and climatic mass balance. Observations and models of these variables have improved over the past decade, but significant gaps and regional discrepancies remain, and better quantification of temporal variability in frontal ablation is needed. Despite major advances in satellite-derived large-scale datasets, large uncertainties remain with respect to ice thickness, depth-averaged velocities, and the bulk density of glacier ice close to calving termini or grounding lines. We suggest ways in which we can move toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates, highlighting areas where we need improved datasets and increased collaboration.
A Systematic Review of the Genetics and Pathology of Psychosis in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Chatterjee Atri , Hirsch-Reinshagen Veronica , Scott Imogene , Cashman Neil , Hsiung Ging-Yuek Robin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients frequently present with psychosis, which complicates diagnosis and management. In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between psychosis and the most common genetic mutations predisposing to FTD, and in the different pathological subtypes of FTD.Design:We conducted a systematic review, searching the literature up to December 2022, and reviewed 50 articles that met our inclusion criteria. From the reviewed articles, we extracted and summarized data regarding the frequency of psychosis and patient characteristics in each major genetic and pathological subtype of FTD.Results:Among FTD patients with confirmed genetic mutations or pathological diagnosss, the frequency of psychosis was 24.2%. Among the genetic mutation carriers, C9orf72 mutation carriers had the highest frequency of psychosis (31.4%), whereas GRN (15.0%) and MAPT (9.2%) mutation carriers had lower frequencies of psychosis. MAPT mutation carriers notably developed psychosis at a younger age compared to other genetic groups. The most common psychotic symptoms were delusions among C9orf72 carriers and visual hallucinations among GRN mutation carriers. Among the pathological subtypes, 30% of patients with FUS pathology, 25.3% of patients with TDP-43 pathology, and 16.4% of patients with tau pathology developed psychosis. In the TDP-43 group, subtype B pathology was the most common subtype reported in association with psychosis.Conclusion:Our systematic review suggests a high frequency of psychosis in specific subgroups of FTD patients. Further studies are required to understand the structural and biological underpinnings of psychosis in FTD.
The Cholera Outbreak in Lebanon: October 2022
Authors: Helou Mariana , Khalil Mayar , Husni Rola 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Lebanon has been struggling with a socioeconomic crisis exacerbated by population displacement after the Syrian crisis, which put a significant burden on its healthcare system. An additional challenge has been the response to a cholera outbreak- a deadly waterborne disease transmitted through the fecal-oral route that usually manifests as severe watery diarrhea and can rapidly progress to death. After reports of a cholera outbreak in Syria were disclosed in September 2022, the Northern Governorate of Lebanon too began reporting cases immediately after, and the first case was confirmed on October 6, 2022. The outbreak rapidly spread to other parts of the country. As of December 9, 2022, a total of 5105 suspected cholera cases with 23 associated deaths were reported across Lebanon. An estimated 45% of these cases were of children and adolescents below the age of 15 years. With the start of the vaccination campaign, awareness programs emphasizing adequate sanitation and clean water sources have become an urgent need.
Socioeconomic differences in antibiotic use for common infections in pediatric urgent-care centers—A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Nedved Amanda C. , Lee Brian R. , Wirtz Ann , Monsees Elizabeth , Burns Alaina , Turcotte Benedict Frances G. , El Feghaly Rana E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:To investigate differences in the rate of firstline antibiotic prescribing for common pediatric infections in relation to different socioeconomic statuses and the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in pediatric urgent-care clinics (PUCs).Design:Quasi-experimental.Setting:Three PUCs within a Midwestern pediatric academic center.Patients and participants:Patients aged >60 days and <18 years with acute otitis media, group A streptococcal pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infection, or skin and soft-tissue infections who received systemic antibiotics between July 2017 and December 2020. We excluded patients who were transferred, admitted, or had a concomitant diagnosis requiring systemic antibiotics.Intervention:We used national guidelines to determine the appropriateness of antibiotic choice in 2 periods: prior to (July 2017–July 2018) and following ASP implementation (August 2018–December 2020). We used multivariable regression analysis to determine the odds ratios of appropriate firstline agent by age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, and insurance type.Results:The study included 34,603 encounters. Prior to ASP implementation in August 2018, female patients, Black non-Hispanic children, those >2 years of age, and those who self-paid had higher odds of receiving recommended firstline antibiotics for all diagnoses compared to male patients, children of other races and ethnicities, other ages, and other insurance types, respectively. Although improvements in prescribing occurred after implementation of our ASP, the difference within the socioeconomic subsets persisted.Conclusions:We observed socioeconomic differences in firstline antibiotic prescribing for common pediatric infections in the PUCs setting despite implementation of an ASP. Antimicrobial stewardship leaders should consider drivers of these differences when developing improvement initiatives.
BIG IN REVERSE MATHEMATICS: THE UNCOUNTABILITY OF THE REALS
Authors: SANDERS SAM 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe uncountability of$\mathbb {R}$is one of its most basic properties, known far outside of mathematics. Cantor’s 1874 proof of the uncountability of$\mathbb {R}$even appears in the very first paper on set theory, i.e., a historical milestone. In this paper, we study the uncountability of${\mathbb R}$in Kohlenbach’shigher-orderReverse Mathematics (RM for short), in the guise of the following principle:$$\begin{align*}\mathit{for \ a \ countable \ set } \ A\subset \mathbb{R}, \mathit{\ there \ exists } \ y\in \mathbb{R}\setminus A. \end{align*}$$An important conceptual observation is that the usual definition of countable set—based on injections or bijections to${\mathbb N}$—does not seem suitable for the RM-study of mainstream mathematics; we also propose a suitable (equivalent over strong systems) alternative definition of countable set, namelyunion over${\mathbb N}$of finite sets; the latter is known from the literature and closer to how countable sets occur ‘in the wild’. We identify a considerable number of theorems that are equivalent to the centred theorem based on our alternative definition. Perhaps surprisingly, our equivalent theorems involve most basic properties of the Riemann integral, regulated or bounded variation functions, Blumberg’s theorem, and Volterra’s early work circa 1881. Our equivalences are alsorobust, promoting the uncountability of${\mathbb R}$to the status of ‘big’ system in RM.