bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination biology of Sicyos angulatus: An invasive plant primarily pollinated by the native insects and introduced honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Okamoto Tomoko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBurcucumber (Sicyos angulatus), first introduced in 1952 from North America to Japan, has recently become a seriously invasive alien species that has spread nationwide. The pollination mode is likely to play a crucial role in seed production and invasion. Burcucumbers have been characterized as self‐compatible flowers with distinct anthers and stigmas, indicating pollen vector‐mediated pollination. In this study, we aimed to describe the floral biology of burcucumbers and clarify their relationships with pollinators. We found that: (1) primarily native insects (at least 70 species) repeatedly visited burcucumbers, both during the day and night; (2) in terms of visitation frequency and pollen‐carrying load, honeybees, vespid wasps, and hoverflies were the most important diurnal pollinators, followed by sphingid and noctuid moths as nocturnal ones; and (3) the production of highly concentrated nectar as floral reward coupled with floral scents, predominantly aliphatic compounds such as heptanal and hexanol, may mediate the visitation of floral visitors. Our observations confirmed that burcucumber visitation is dominated by native pollinators, indicating the integration of burcucumbers into native pollinator webs. Our findings highlight the significance of a generalized pollination system in alien plants to overcome reproductive failure within a new region.
Collective action and co‐production of public services as alternative politics: The case of public transportation in Israel
Authors: Golan‐Nadir Niva , Christensen Tom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCan dissatisfaction with existing policies lead to the co‐production of public goods and services? If so, under what conditions could such dissatisfaction lead to the co‐production of public goods and services? We posit that when (1) citizens are dissatisfied with the policy as designed, (2) third‐sector organisations are formed, and (3) politicians and street‐level managers are engaged, the co‐production of public goods and services will take place. Analysing the Israeli religion‐based restrictions on public transportation on the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday), this study argues that the intentional lack of public transport on Saturdays is overall met with discontent within the population and, in turn, leads third‐sector organisations and local authorities to combine forces to find solutions on the local level. We have employed various mixed methods tools (e.g. a public opinion survey, existing statistics, in‐depth interviews, and textual analysis) in order to test the Israeli case as an illustrative, crucial case study.Points for practitioners
Limited public services impose burdens on disadvantaged groups, who are often those with fewer resources, causing societal dissatisfaction with policy and its implementation.
Co‐production is facilitated when dissatisfied citizens encourage third‐sector organisations, politicians, and street‐level managers to engage.
Local co‐production efforts are expected to cease when governments decide to supply the lacking services.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine legitimation efforts in a hostile environment: The case of Portugal
Authors: Bicho Marta , Nikolaeva Ralitza , Lages Carmen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) organisations’ legitimation efforts that face extra obstacles as they are subject to more than one institutional logics (hybrids) and operate in a contested organisational space (hostile environment). CAM organisations espouse the health and market logics and their practices are questioned at an institutional level. The study is conducted in Portugal, where the legalisation of CAM therapies was a contested process over 10 years. Taking an abductive approach and drawing on qualitative interviews, the authors analyse CAM managers’ efforts to legitimise their practices and build viable organisations despite hostile conditions. Contrary to prior studies of hybrid healthcare organisations, CAM organisations derive moral legitimacy from the market logic rather than the health logic. The findings show that relationships, trust‐building and consumer education appear to be the primary vehicles for establishing pragmatic legitimacy. Thus, pragmatic legitimacy relies on the health logic. The market logic dominates the pursuit of moral legitimacy through financial sustainability, human capital, marketing communications and partnerships, and advocating complementarity with biomedicine. We propose a model through which organisations use pragmatic legitimacy to enhance moral legitimacy and to create recursive feedback between moral and pragmatic legitimacy on the path to cognitive legitimacy.
Improvement of physicochemical characteristics, flavor profiles and functional properties in Chinese radishes via spontaneous fermentation after drying
Authors: Zheng Zimeng , Zhou Qian , Chen Qian , Gao Jia , Wu Yanping , Yang Feng , Zhong Kai , Gao Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpontaneously dried–fermented radishes have been consumed in China for hundreds of years and are usually fermented for a long time to acquire high quality. In this study, the spontaneously dried–fermented radishes with short‐term manufacturing periods were made from five different varieties of radishes that grew in the same environment. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics (i.e., moisture content, soluble solid, and pH value), flavor profiles (i.e., free amino acids, organic acids, and volatile compounds), and functional properties (i.e., total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, sulforaphane content, and γ‐aminobutyric acid [GABA] content) of these five raw radishes and spontaneously dried–fermented radishes were analyzed and compared. In detail, the content of volatile and nonvolatile compounds increased, especially in oxalic acid, succinic acid, and umami free amino acids. Furthermore, functional components, such as sulforaphane and GABA, were also enriched via spontaneous fermentation after drying. In addition, the results of principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and redundancy analysis showed that there were significant discrepancies appeared when raw radishes were processed via spontaneous fermentation or not. These results suggested that the process of spontaneous fermentation after drying may contribute to improving the quality of fresh radishes. Notably, radishes with red skin and flesh were regarded as exceptional varieties for processing, because of the preferable flavor profiles and affluent functional substances via spontaneous fermentation after drying. Therefore, these findings could deliver a systematical insight into developing processed radishes with high quality.Practical ApplicationThe spontaneously dried–fermented radishes were manufactured through the process of spontaneous fermentation after drying, which acquired tasty and healthy characteristics by accumulating the volatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as the functional components, like total phenolics, total flavonoids, sulforaphane, and γ‐aminobutyric acid. Importantly, because of the excellent processing properties, the radishes with red skin and flesh could be more appropriate to produce spontaneously dried–fermented radishes. Our findings may provide a practical strategy for developing vegetable relishes with superb flavor profiles and good functional properties in pickled vegetables.
Development and validation of a case study to aid in the diagnostic reasoning of nursing students and nurses
Authors: Leandro Daniela Luana Fernandes , D'Agostino Fabio , Lopes Camila Takao , Lopes Juliana de Lima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to develop and validate a case study to aid in the diagnostic reasoning of nursing students and nurses.MethodsIt is a validation study using a case study based on Lunney's method including (1) content validation of the case study by nurse experts through the Delphi technique, (2) identification of nursing diagnoses (NDs) in the case, (3) evaluation of diagnostic accuracy, and (4) establishment of a priority diagnosis by nurse experts.FindingsThe case study was developed from the findings of a narrative literature review on the cues of the NDs with a prevalence > 50% in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Two rounds of expert evaluation were required to validate the case study. The experts identified 18 NDs with different degrees of accuracy. The highly accurate diagnoses most frequently identified by the experts were: Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion (100%), impaired walking (83%), impaired comfort (50%), and chronic pain (50%). The diagnosis considered a priority by all experts was ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion.ConclusionsThe case study was developed and had its content validated. High‐accuracy diagnoses were identified, and a priority was determined.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe validated case study may be used by students and nurses to facilitate the development of diagnostic reasoning and critical thinking in practice, teaching or research.
Does agricultural cooperative membership influence off‐farm work decisions of farm couples?
Authors: Zheng Hongyun , Vatsa Puneet , Ma Wanglin , Rahut Dil Bahadur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMembership in agricultural cooperatives may influence intra‐household decisions regarding the division of household labor. However, the linkages between cooperative membership and labor allocation remain unexplored. To fill this gap, we examine the impact of cooperative membership on off‐farm work decisions of couples engaged in farming, using data collected from 595 banana farmers in China. The recursive bivariate probit model and endogenous‐treatment Poisson regression model are employed to address the self‐selection bias inherent in cooperative membership. The results show that cooperative membership increases the probability of participating in off‐farm work by 38% for husbands and 31% for wives. Having large households reduces the probability of husbands but increases that of wives working off‐farm. Cooperative membership is also associated with more time spent on off‐farm work and higher earnings for both husbands and wives. Our findings point to the potential of agricultural cooperatives to increase farm couples’ off‐farm employment, thus increasing household income and quality of life.
Anticholinergic burden in middle and older age is associated with lower cognitive function, but not with brain atrophy
Authors: Mur Jure , Marioni Riccardo E. , Russ Tom C. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Cox Simon R. 
Published: February 2023

AimsThe aim of this study is to estimate the association between anticholinergic burden, general cognitive ability and various measures of brain structural MRI in relatively healthy middle‐aged and older individuals.MethodsIn the UK Biobank participants with linked health‐care records (n = 163,043, aged 40–71 at baseline), of whom about 17 000 had MRI data available, we calculated the total anticholinergic drug burden according to 15 different anticholinergic scales and due to different classes of drugs. We then used linear regression to explore the associations between anticholinergic burden and various measures of cognition and structural MRI, including general cognitive ability, 9 separate cognitive domains, brain atrophy, volumes of 68 cortical and 14 subcortical areas and fractional anisotropy and median diffusivity of 25 white‐matter tracts.ResultsAnticholinergic burden was modestly associated with poorer cognition across most anticholinergic scales and cognitive tests (7/9 FDR‐adjusted significant associations, standardised betas (β) range: −0.039, −0.003). When using the anticholinergic scale exhibiting the strongest association with cognitive functions, anticholinergic burden due to only some classes of drugs exhibited negative associations with cognitive function, with β‐lactam antibiotics (β = −0.035, PFDR < 0.001) and opioids (β = −0.026, PFDR < 0.001) exhibiting the strongest effects. Anticholinergic burden was not associated with any measure of brain macrostructure or microstructure (PFDR > 0.08).ConclusionsAnticholinergic burden is weakly associated with poorer cognition, but there is little evidence for associations with brain structure. Future studies might focus more broadly on polypharmacy or more narrowly on distinct drug classes, instead of using purported anticholinergic action to study the effects of drugs on cognitive ability.
Artesunate alleviates intracerebral haemorrhage secondary injury by inducing ferroptosis in M1‐polarized microglia and suppressing inflammation through AMPK/mTORC1/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Xie Guanfeng , Liang Yubing , Gao Wen , Wu Liya , Zhang Yan , Ye Ziming , Qin Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a catastrophic subtype of stroke with severe morbidity and mortality. However, little progress has been made in the subsequent secondary injury. Artesunate, a water‐soluble semi‐synthetic derivative of artemisinin, exhibits remarkable pharmacological effects on anti‐neuroinflammation. However, the effects of artesunate on ICH remain unknown. In the present study, haemoglobin (Hb) treatment in BV2 cell and collagenase type IV intracerebroventricular injection in Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish in vitro and in vivo ICH models, respectively. For in vivo, the neurological scores, haematoma volume, brain oedema, inflammatory factors and iron deposition were evaluated. Besides, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used in in vitro to polarize BV2 cell to M1 phenotype. Cell viability, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+ concentration, and lipid peroxidation levels, ferroptosis‐associated proteins and mRNA, morphological of mitochondria were measured in vitro. Additionally, the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The present in vivo results indicated that artesunate significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, haematoma volume and brain oedema in ICH rats. Besides, artesunate suppressed the M1‐microglia relative inflammatory factors and up‐regulated iron deposition. For in vitro, artesunate significantly selectively decreased the viability of LPS‐stimulated BV2 cell. Furthermore, ROS and lipid peroxidation levels were up‐regulated. And the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were silenced via the AMPK/mTORC1 axis. Our finding supports that artesunate ameliorates the ICH secondary injury both in vitro and in vivo by inducing ferroptosis in microglia and further inhibiting inflammation mainly through the AMPK/mTORC1/GPX4 pathway. This finding may provide a novel target for ICH treatment.
Association of rs2062323 in the TREM1 gene with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrospinal fluid‐soluble TREM2
Authors: Wang Zuo‐Teng , Fu Yan , Chen Shi‐Dong , Huang Yu‐Yuan , Ma Ya‐Hui , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Tan Lan , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction and aimsGenetic variations play a significant role in determining an individual's AD susceptibility. Research on the connection between AD and TREM1 gene polymorphisms (SNPs) remained lacking. We sought to examine the associations between TREM1 SNPs and AD.MethodsBased on the 1000 Genomes Project data, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses were utilized to screen for candidate SNPs in the TREM1 gene. AD cases (1081) and healthy control subjects (870) were collected and genotyped, and the associations between candidate SNPs and AD risk were analyzed. We explored the associations between target SNP and AD biomarkers. Moreover, 842 individuals from ADNI were selected to verify these results. Linear mixed models were used to estimate associations between the target SNP and longitudinal cognitive changes.ResultsThe rs2062323 was identified to be associated with AD risk in the Han population, and rs2062323T carriers had a lower AD risk (co‐dominant model: OR, 0.67, 95% CI, 0.51–0.88, p = 0.0037; additive model: OR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.72–0.94, p = 0.0032). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sTREM2 levels were significantly increased in middle‐aged rs2062323T carriers (additive model: β = 0.18, p = 0.0348). We also found significantly elevated levels of CSF sTREM2 in the ADNI. The rate of cognitive decline slowed down in rs2062323T carriers.ConclusionsThis study is the first to identify significant associations between TREM1 rs2062323 and AD risk. The rs2062323T may be involved in AD by regulating the expression of TREM1, TREML1, TREM2, and sTREM2. The TREM family is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for AD.
An ethical analysis of a prospective new paradigm of life: Nanotechnology‐enabled human beings within the framework of principlism
Authors: Buruk Banu , Ekmekci Perihan Elif , Arda Berna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanotechnology (NT)‐enabled disease‐free life is a form of reconstruction of the human body that promises a paradigm shift toward a new form of human existence in an imaginable life. However, as human reconstruction may be within the limits of the concept of “human enhancement,” it is not clear to what extent “enhanced humans” will be ethically acceptable or desired. This study discusses the ethical implications of NT‐embedded enhanced humans and this new imaginable life. First, ethical concerns arising from the existence of a grey zone of certain dilemmas regarding benefits and possible/unpredicted risks are addressed in terms of the four main principles of bioethics. Then, we focus on the ethical problems in human nano‐enhancement. Finally, we study the methods of analyzing these ethical problems within the framework of principlism to conceive a comprehensive and coherent bioethical understanding.
Cost‐effectiveness of a multicomponent quality improvement care model for diabetes in South Asia: The CARRS randomized clinical trial
Authors: Singh Kavita , Kondal Dimple , Menon V. Usha , Varthakavi Premlata K. , Viswanathan Vijay , Dharmalingam Mala , Bantwal Ganapati , Sahay Rakesh Kumar , Masood Muhammad Qamar , Khadgawat Rajesh , Desai Ankush , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Phillips Victoria L. , Tandon Nikhil , Ali Mohammed K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of a multicomponent strategy versus usual care in people with type 2 diabetes in South Asia.DesignEconomic evaluation from healthcare system and societal perspectives.SettingTen diverse urban clinics in India and Pakistan.Participants1146 people with type 2 diabetes (575 in the intervention group and 571 in the usual care group) with mean age of 54.2 years, median diabetes duration: 7 years and mean HbA1c: 9.9% (85 mmol/mol) at baseline.InterventionMulticomponent strategy comprising decision‐supported electronic health records and non‐physician care coordinator. Control group received usual care.Outcome MeasuresIncremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per unit achievement in multiple risk factor control (HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) and SBP <130/80 mmHg or LDLc <2.58 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)), ICERs per unit reduction in HbA1c, 5‐mmHg unit reductions in systolic BP, 10‐unit reductions in LDLc (mg/dl) (considered as clinically relevant) and ICER per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. ICERs were reported in 2020 purchasing power parity–adjusted international dollars (INT$). The probability of ICERs being cost‐effective was considered depending on the willingness to pay (WTP) values as a share of GDP per capita for India (Int$ 7041.4) and Pakistan (Int$ 4847.6).ResultsCompared to usual care, the annual incremental costs per person for intervention group were Int$ 1061.9 from a health system perspective and Int$ 1093.6 from a societal perspective. The ICER was Int$ 10,874.6 per increase in multiple risk factor control, $2588.1 per one percentage point reduction in the HbA1c, and $1744.6 per 5 unit reduction in SBP (mmHg), and $1271 per 10 unit reduction in LDLc (mg/dl). The ICER per QALY gained was $33,399.6 from a societal perspective.ConclusionsIn a trial setting in South Asia, a multicomponent strategy for diabetes care resulted in better multiple risk factor control at higher costs and may be cost‐effective depending on the willingness to pay threshold with substantial uncertainty around cost‐effectiveness for QALYs gained in the short term (2.5 years). Future research needs to confirm the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of intensive multifactorial intervention for diabetes care in diverse healthcare settings in LMICs.
Comparative study of physico‐mechanical performance of PPC mortar incorporated 1D/2D functionalized nanomaterials
Authors: Bhatrola Kanchna , Kothiyal N C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study investigates the effect of adding graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) in pozzolana Portland cement (PPC) mortars to evaluate their mechanical and electrical resistivity properties. The effects of 1D and 2D functionalized carbon nanomaterials in PPC have been studied. At 90 days of curing, the g1PPC (.0015% of GO by weight percentage of binder) and c1PPC (.0015% of FMWCNTs by weight percentage of binder) showed a significant improvement in the physico‐mechanical performance of the pozzolana Portland cement composited (PPCC) mortars. The enhanced compressive strength was found to be 11.67% and 8.74% for g1PPC and c1PPC, respectively, as compared to the control specimen (PPC‐C). The increased tensile splitting strength was observed to be 26.39% and 20.61% for g1PPC and c1PPC, respectively, as compared to PPC‐C. The electrical resistivity of PPCC mortars have been shown a significant improvement for g1PPC and c1PPC. This might be due to the densification of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel and hydration products. Powdered X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) was able to support the improved strength of PPCC mortars via formation of ettringite and needle‐shaped crystals in hydrated products.
Key melt properties for controlled synthesis of glass beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating
Authors: Baborák Jan , Yembele Maureen , Vařák Petr , Ory Sandra , Véron Emmanuel , Pitcher Michael J. , Allix Mathieu , Nekvindová Pavla , Zandonà Alessio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBinary alkali silicate glasses were synthesized as beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating to test the applicability of the method to this compositional range. While bubble‐free lithium disilicate beads could be easily obtained, sodium and potassium silicates proved more challenging to melt without significant alkali evaporation: the final samples contained bubbles and exhibited compositional drifts compared to the starting stoichiometry, especially at high SiO2content. The risk of volatilization from the melts was evaluated empirically: the volatility of each oxide component scaled to the ratio between its melting temperatureTmand theTmof the target composition (revap), while the difference between such ratios (Δevap) provided a qualitative estimation of the risk of differential evaporation. The formulated approach enables to evaluate the suitability of aerodynamic levitation synthesis for a given target glass composition: while low melting temperature and low liquidus viscosity (η < 100 Pa s) represent the primary optimal conditions, more viscous materials can still be prepared without major compositional drifts using a more careful melting procedure, especially ifrevapandΔevapare minimized.