bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIPH‐Encapsulated Thermo‐Sensitive Liposomes for Synergistic Microwave Ablation and Oxygen‐Independent Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Zhou Hu , Gong Deyan , Wu Haitao , Huang Xiang , Miao Zhaohua , Peng Hu , Zha Zhengbao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrowave ablation (MWA) is a novel treatment modality that can lead to the death of tumor cells by heating the ions and polar molecules in the tissue through high‐speed vibration and friction. However, the single hyperthermia is not sufficient to completely inhibit tumor growth. Herein, a thermodynamic cancer‐therapeutic modality has been fabricated which could be able to overcome hypoxia's limitations in the tumor microenvironment. Using thermo‐sensitive liposomes (TSLs) and oxygen‐independent radical generators (2,2’‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane]dihydrochloride [AIPH]), a nano‐drug delivery system denoted as ATSL is developed for efficient sequential cancer treatment. Under the microwave field, the temperature rise of local tissue could not only lead to the damage of tumor cells but also induce the release of AIPH encapsulated in ATSL to produce free radicals, eliciting tumor cell death. In addition, the ATSL developed here would avoid the side effects caused by the uncontrolled diffusion of AIPH to normal tissues. The ATSLs have shown excellent therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its highly promising potential for clinic.
Atomic‐Level Regulated 2D ReSe2: A Universal Platform Boostin Photocatalysis
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Chen Ling , Wang Deyu , Talebian‐Kiakalaieh Amin , Jiao Yan , Adel Hamza Mahmoud , Qu Yang , Jing Liqiang , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolar hydrogen (H2) generation via photocatalytic water splitting is practically promising, environmentally benign, and sustainably carbon neutral. It is important therefore to understand how to controllably engineer photocatalysts at the atomic level. In this work, atomic‐level engineering of defected ReSe2 nanosheets (NSs) is reported to significantly boost photocatalytic H2 evolution on various semiconductor photocatalysts including TiO2, CdS, ZnIn2S4, and C3N4. Advanced characterizations, such as atomic‐resolution aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC‐STEM), synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient‐state surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy, and transient‐state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, together with theoretical computations confirm that the strongly coupled ReSe2/TiO2 interface and substantial atomic‐level active sites of defected ReSe2 NSs result in the significantly raised activity of ReSe2/TiO2. This work not only for the first time realizes the atomic‐level engineering of ReSe2 NSs as a versatile platform to significantly raise the activities on different photocatalysts, but, more importantly, underscores the immense importance of atomic‐level synthesis and exploration on 2D materials for energy conversion and storage.
The First Demonstration of Strain‐Controlled Periodic Ferroelectric Domains with Superior Piezoelectric Response in Molecular Materials
Authors: Song Xian‐Jiang , Xiong Yu‐An , Zhou Ru‐Jie , Cao Xiao‐Xing , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Ji Hao‐Ran , Gu Zhu‐Xiao , Sha Tai‐Ting , Xiong Ren‐Gen , You Yu‐Meng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAchieving a periodic domain structure in ferroelectric materials to tailor the macroscopic properties or realize new functions has always been a hot topic. However, methods to construct periodic domain structures, such as epitaxial growth, direct writing by scanning tips, and the patterned electrode method, are difficult or inefficient to implement in emerging molecular ferroelectrics, which have the advantages of lightweight, flexibility, biocompatibility, etc. An efficient method for constructing and controlling periodic domain structures is urgently needed to facilitate the development of molecular ferroelectrics in nanoelectronic devices. In this work, it is demonstrated that large‐area, periodic and controllable needle‐like domain structures can be achieved in thin films of the molecular ferroelectric trimethylchloromethyl ammonium trichlorocadmium (TMCM‐CdCl3) upon the application of tensile strain. The domain evolution under various tensile strains can be clearly observed, and such processes are accordingly identified. Furthermore, the domain wall exhibits a superior piezoelectric response, with up to fivefold enhancement compared to that of the pristine samples. Such large‐area tunable periodic domain structure and abnormally strong piezoresponse are not only of great interests in fundamental studies, but also highly important in the future applications in functional molecular materials.
2D Nano‐Sonosensitizers Facilitate Energy Transfer to Enhance Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lin Gan , Nash Geoffrey T. , Luo Taokun , Ghosh Indranil , Sohoni Siddhartha , Christofferson Andrew J. , Liu Gang , Engel Gregory S. , Lin Wenbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown promise for cancer treatment, the lack of efficient sonosensitizers (SSs) has limited the clinical application of SDT. Here, a new strategy is reported for designing efficient nano‐sonosensitizers based on 2D nanoscale metal–organic layers (MOLs). Composed of Hf‐oxo secondary building units (SBUs) and iridium‐based linkers, the MOL is anchored with 5,10,15,20‐tetra(p‐benzoato)porphyrin (TBP) sensitizers on the SBUs to afford TBP@MOL. TBP@MOL shows 14.1‐ and 7.4‐fold higher singlet oxygen (1O2) generation than free TBP ligands and Hf‐TBP, a 3D nanoscale metal–organic framework, respectively. The 1O2 generation of TBP@MOL is enhanced by isolating TBP SSs on the SBUs of the MOL, which prevents aggregation‐induced quenching of the excited sensitizers, and by triplet–triplet Dexter energy transfer between excited iridium‐based linkers and TBP SSs, which more efficiently harnesses broad‐spectrum sonoluminescence. Anchoring TBP on the MOL surface also enhances the energy transfer between the excited sensitizer and ground‐state triplet oxygen to increase 1O2 generation efficacy. In mouse models of colorectal and breast cancer, TBP@MOL demonstrates significantly higher SDT efficacy than Hf‐TBP and TBP. This work uncovers a new strategy to design effective nano‐sonosensitizers by facilitating energy transfer to efficiently capture broad‐spectrum sonoluminescence and enhance 1O2 generation.
Multifunctional Hybrid Interfacial Layers for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Niu Benfang , Liu Haoran , Huang Yanchun , Gu Emely , Yan Minxing , Shen Ziqiu , Yan Kangrong , Yan Buyi , Yao Jizhong , Fang Yanjun , Chen Hongzheng , Li Chang‐Zhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChallenges remain hindering the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly for the nonstable interface between lead halide perovskite and charge extraction metal oxide layer. Herein, a simple yet scalable interfacial strategy to facilitate the assemble of high‐performance inverted PSCs and scale‐up modules is reported. The hybrid interfacial layer containing self‐assembly triphenylamine and conjugated poly(arylamine) simultaneously improves the chemical stability, charge extraction, and energy level alignment of hole‐selective interface, meanwhile promoting perovskite crystallization. Consequently, the correspondent inverted PSCs and modules achieve remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.5% and 20.7% (aperture area of 19.4 cm2), respectively. The PSCs maintain over 80% of its initial efficiency under one‐sun equivalent illumination of 1200 h. This strategy is also effective to perovskite with various bandgaps, demonstrating the highest PCE of 19.6% for the 1.76‐eV bandgap PSCs. Overall, this work provides a simple yet scalable interfacial strategy for obtaining state‐of‐the‐art inverted PSCs and modules.
Strong Photocurrent from Solution‐Processed Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Perovskite–MoS2 Hybrid Heterojunctions
Authors: Ansari Rashid M. , Salunke Akshaykumar D. , Rahil Mohammad , Ahmad Shahab 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study reports overall improvement in structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites of type (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 by forming their bulk heterojunction hybrids with few‐layer MoS2 nanoflakes. RP perovskite–MoS2 hybrid thin films have shown significantly improved packing and crystallinity compared to pristine perovskites. The presence of MoS2 at RP perovskite interface has improved the quantum confinement effects and transport of photogenerated charge carriers from perovskite to MoS2, due to suitable conduction band of MoS2 and more number of decay channels. The optoelectronic properties of RP perovskite–MoS2 hybrids are studied for various MoS2 concentrations (4.2–25.6 × 10−3 m) and at optimum concentration (12.8 × 10−3 m) the photodetectors (n = 2, 4) have shown strong, sharp, and highly stable photocurrent response. At 0.0 V bias, the RP perovskite (n = 4) and MoS2 (12.8 × 10−3 m) hybrid‐based photodetectors, prepared without any encapsulation, have shown strong photocurrent density of ≈9.8 µA cm−2 under 1 sun illumination, which is ≈17 times higher compared to the pristine RP perovskites‐based photodetector (0.6 µA cm−2). Further transient photocurrent, performed over 200 cycles for hybrid (n = 4+MoS2) thin film photodetector under laser (λex ≈ 405 nm, ≈630 mW cm−2) illumination and ambient air conditions has shown highly stable photocurrent with only ≈9.6% reduction in the peak photocurrent density.
Optical Emission from Triboelectric Gas Discharge toward Self‐Powered Gas Sensing
Authors: Fu Jingjing , Song Ziwu , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Haoyu , Li Xinyuan , Wang Jiaqi , Ding Wenbo , Ren Wei , Lei Iek Man , Zi Yunlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptical emission from gas molecules is considered an excellent solution to gas detection because of its fairly high sensitivity and selectivity. However, its further development is constrained by its large size, high energy consumption, and security risks. Herein, a self‐powered gas sensing solution is proposed by taking advantage of the optical emission of triboelectric discharge (TD). Based on the triboelectric effect, the high output voltage of ≈kV can lead to producing optical emissions through gas discharges, including emission spectra and discharge images, which are affected by gas species and pressure. By means of machine learning, the optical emission signals process the ability to recognize 60 gas atmospheres simultaneously, with an accuracy of 97.67%. With the assistance of the mobile phone or closed‐circuit television, a self‐powered gas sensing system based on TD may serve as a portable detecting device and a vital component of the Internet of Things system.
Optical Absorption and Second‐Harmonic Generation in Violet Phosphorene: Experimental and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Ma Xiaoyang , Pan Han , Yang Tong , Liao Qing , Zhang Jinying , Li Dechun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe better thermal stability and extremely high deformation resistance of violet phosphorene make it a great potential candidate to be a new “dream material” better than black phosphorene. Due to the high confinement of 2D materials, violet phosphorene is expected to possess extraordinary optical properties. Herein, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of violet phosphorene are discussed by both theoretical simulation and experimental measurement. The fibrous nature with twofold rotation symmetry tends to the non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure, leading to the lower dipole transition possibility in violet phosphorene, but the intensive flatness of its electronic bands produces a larger joint density of states, finally resulting in better linear absorption than for black phosphorene. In addition, the intrinsic non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure causes the nonlinear second harmonic generation in violet phosphorene, showing its potential in nonlinear optics.
Exciton Ground State Fine Structure and Excited States Landscape in Layered Halide Perovskites from Combined BSE Simulations and Symmetry Analysis
Authors: Quarti Claudio , Giorgi Giacomo , Katan Claudine , Even Jacky , Palummo Maurizia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLayered halide perovskites are solution‐processed natural heterostructures where quantum and dielectric confinement down to the nanoscale strongly influence the optical properties, leading to stabilization of bound excitons. Detailed understanding of the exciton properties is crucial to boost the exploitation of these materials in energy conversion and light emission applications, with on‐going debate related to the energy order of the four components of the most stable exciton. To provide theoretical feedback and solve among contrasting literature reports, this work performs ab initio solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) for symmetrized reference Cs2PbX4 (X = I and Br) models, with detailed interpretation of the spectroscopic observables based on group‐theory analysis. Simulations predict the following Edark < Ein‐plane < Eout‐of‐plane fine‐structure assignment, consistent with recent magneto‐absorption experiments and obtain similar increase in dark/bright splitting when going from lead‐iodide to a lead‐bromide composition as found experimentally. The authors further suggest that polar distortions may lead to stabilization of the in‐plane component and end‐up in a bright lowest exciton component, discuss exciton landscape over a broad energy range and clarify the exciton spin‐character, when large spin‐orbit coupling is in play, to rationalize the potential of halide perovskites as triplet sensitizers in combination with organic dyes.
Malic Enzyme 1 as a Novel Anti‐Ferroptotic Regulator in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Fang Xuexian , Zhang Jiawei , Li You , Song Yijing , Yu Yingying , Cai Zhaoxian , Lian Fuzhi , Yang Jun , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFerroptosis has been linked to the pathogenesis of hepatic injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mechanistic basis remains unclear. In this study, by using a mouse model of hepatic I/R injury, it is observed that glutathione (GSH) and cysteine depletion are associated with deficiency of the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Genes involved in maintaining NADPH homeostasis are screened, and it is identified that I/R‐induced hepatic ferroptosis is significantly associated with reduced expression and activity of NADP+‐dependent malic enzyme 1 (Me1). Mice with hepatocyte‐specific Me1 gene deletion exhibit aggravated ferroptosis and liver injury under I/R treatment; while supplementation with L‐malate, the substrate of ME1, restores NADPH and GSH levels and eventually inhibits I/R‐induced hepatic ferroptosis and injury. A mechanistic study further reveals that downregulation of hepatic Me1 expression is largely mediated by the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)‐dependent suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin/sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (mTOR/SREBP1) signaling pathway in hepatic I/R model. Finally, PTEN inhibitor, mTOR activator, or SREBP1 over‐expression all increase hepatic NADPH, block ferroptosis, and protect liver against I/R injury. Taken together, the findings suggest that targeting ME1 may provide new therapeutic opportunities for I/R injury and other ferroptosis‐related hepatic conditions.
Enhanced OER Performance and Dynamic Transition of Surface Reconstruction in LaNiO3 Thin Films with Nanoparticles Decoration
Authors: Liu Huan , Xie Rongrong , Wang Qixiang , Han Jiale , Han Yue , Wang Jie , Fang Hong , Qi Ji , Ding Meng , Ji Weixiao , He Bin , Lü Weiming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn an electrocatalytic process, the cognition of the active phase in a catalyst has been regarded as one of the most vital issues, which not only boosts the fundamental understanding of the reaction procedure but also guides the engineering and design for further promising catalysts. Here, based on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the stepwise evolution of the dominant active phase is demonstrated in the LaNiO3 (LNO) catalyst once the single‐crystal thin film is decorated by LNO nanoparticles. It is found that the OER performance can be dramatically improved by this decoration, and the catalytic current density at 1.65 V can be enhanced by ≈1000% via ≈109 cm−2 nanoparticle adhesion after extracting the contribution of surface enlargement. Most importantly, a transition of the active phase from LNO to NiOOH via surface reconstruction with the density of LNO nanoparticles is demonstrated. Several mechanisms in terms of this active phase transition are discussed involving lattice orientation‐induced change of the surface energy profile, the lattice oxygen participation, and the A/B‐site ions leaching during OER cycles. This study suggests that the active phases in transition metal‐based OER catalysts can transform with morphology, which should be corresponding to distinct engineering strategies.
Challenges and Opportunities to Mitigate the Catastrophic Thermal Runaway of High‐Energy Batteries
Authors: Wang Yu , Feng Xuning , Huang Wensheng , He Xiangming , Wang Li , Ouyang Minggao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLi‐ion batteries (LIBs) that promise both safety and high energy density are critical for a new‐energy future. However, recent studies on battery thermal runaway (TR) suggest that the higher the energy is compressed in a battery, the thermal accidents with fires and explosions can occur in a more catastrophic way. This “trade‐off” between energy density and safety poses challenging obstacles toward the future applications of the developing high‐energy chemistries. Herein, the thermal studies on the most appealing high‐energy (HE)‐LIB chemistries are carefully reviewed. The TR characters of the HE‐LIBs, the material thermal failure behaviors as well as the underneath reaction mechanisms, and the most advanced TR mitigation technologies are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the effectiveness of different TR mitigation routes is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the main challenges for TR mitigation in HE chemistries are further explained. Finally, opinions on the future TR mechanism studies and the promising safety design routes to overcome this intrinsic “trade‐off” between high energy and safety are presented.
Mixed‐Addenda Dawson‐Type Polyoxometalates as High‐Performance Anode Interlayer Materials for Efficient Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Yang Yi , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrode interlayer plays a pivotal role in the performance enhancement of optoelectronic devices. At present, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and molybdenum oxide are the two most popular anode interlayer (AIL) materials in organic optoelectronic devices, but both of them have obvious drawbacks in practical use. Owing to the lack of suitable semiconductor with suitable energy level, the development of AIL materials as alternatives to PEDOT:PSS and MoO3 remains a challenge. Herein, a series of Dawson‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) is synthesized with tunable chemical compositions and photoelectronic properties to develop efficient AILs for organic optoelectronic devices of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and organic solar cell (OSC). The POM films exhibit a high work function, excellent conductivity, good optical transmittance, and smooth surface, endowing the POM AILs with outstanding hole injection/collection abilities. The high performance of Dawson‐type POMs in hole injection/collection ensures an efficient hole transfer from the organic layer to the anode, depressing the charge recombination in the optoelectronic devices. The OSCs modified by POM4 exhibit 17.8% and 16.1% power conversion efficiencies with an active area of 0.04 and 1.00 cm2, respectively. The OLEDs with POM3 and POM4 exhibit remarkably superior luminous efficiency to the PEDOT:PSS device, along with a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage from 3.8 to 2.8 V.
Life history characteristics and status of the Pacific yellowtail emperor, Lethrinus atkinsoni (Seale 1910), in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Authors: Trianni Michael S. , DeMartini Edward E. , Taylor Brett M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLife history characteristics of the Pacific yellowtail emperor, Lethrinus atkinsoni, were described from commercial samples in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands spanning a 28‐month market sampling period. Derived statistics pertaining to growth, life span, mortality and reproductive features were obtained through analyses of sectioned sagittal otoliths and gonad tissues. Maximum age observed was 18 years, with females attaining 50% sexual maturity at 3.3 years at a fork length of 20.9 cm; too few male specimens precluded male maturation estimates. We concluded that the species exhibited an undetermined sexual pattern as no evidence of prior female function was observed in mature males. No annual spawning periods were identifiable. Early growth rates estimated by settlement size‐constrained VBGF models using fish landed by the nighttime commercial spear fishery (NCSF) were rapid. Exploitation rates indicated very low‐to‐moderate levels of exploitation. Boat‐based fishing efforts from the NCSF captured the larger individuals of the species, whereas shore‐based efforts captured the vast majority of individuals representing sizes generally below that of the estimated 50% maturation level. Extensive fishery‐independent in situ diver observations indicated the species may have a restricted range. Expanded fishery‐dependent collection of L. atkinsoni specimens and studies of its movement ecology at Saipan would provide additional input for fishery management, as well as a formal stock assessment which juvenile‐biased catches indicate are necessary.
Cover crop effects on infiltration, aggregate stability, and water retention in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
Authors: Lebeau Shelby , Brye Kristofor R. , Daniels Mike B. , Wood Lisa S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCover crops are widely considered to improve soil health in the form of erosion control, organic matter additions, and improving water‐holding capacity. Despite the generally well‐documented benefits, cover crops remain under‐studied in the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV), an area historically dominated by intensive cultivated agriculture, with soils prone to erosion, and where the need for irrigation has led to unsustainable aquifer withdrawals. The objective of this study was to evaluate cover crop (with cover crops [CC] and without cover crops [NCC]) effects on near‐surface soil physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Soil sample collection and in situ measurements were conducted, once per site, between May 2018 and May 2019 across four locations within the LMRV portion of eastern Arkansas. Overall and steady‐state infiltration rates were unaffected (p > .05) by cover‐crop treatment. Across all locations, extractable soil Na content in the top 10 cm was greater (p ≤ .05) with NCC (31.6 kg ha−1) compared with CC (21.6 kg ha−1). Averaged across treatment and soil depth (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm), water‐stable aggregate concentration in the 0.25‐ to 0.5‐ (0.101 g g−1) was 1.5 times greater (p ≤ .05) than that in the 1.0‐ to 2.0‐mm size class (0.068 g g−1). Though many soil properties did not significantly differ between CC treatments due to their collective variations, results of this study demonstrate the wide‐spread implications of CC use on physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties across a region.