bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutational Stability Profiling and Functional Analysis of Spike Protein in Indian Sars Cov-2 Delta Variants: an in Silico Analysis
Authors: Paul Prisho Mariam , Parthasarathy Krupakar , Rao Sudhanarayani S , Sounderrajan Vignesh , Sunkar Swetha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Context
Globally Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is the most influential pandemic which affects the human respiratory system. The severity of the disease depends on the interaction between the viral protein and host protein. Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host ACE2 receptor in the presence of TMPRSS serine protease through C-Terminal Domain (CTD). In this research, we studied the effect of mutation on the S-protein stability and functional analysis based on the sequence of SARS CoV-2 delta Indian variants by in silico prediction. Sequences were retrieved from the database and studied mutation and evolutionary relationships. The protein stability is analyzed by predicting intrinsic disorder and I-Mutant v2.0 bioinformatics tool. The functional study of S-protein was conducted using SMART, Protparam, NetPhos, and NetNGlyc. In addition to this analysed the stability of RBD region after mutation.
Methods
This study explains the effect of mutation on spike proteins and its evolutionary relationship, which is used for the better understanding of SARS CoV-2 variation and diversification. The changes in spike protein promote the evolution of the virus. In the future, a complete analysis of delta variant S protein contributes to effective targeted therapeutic measures.
The cutting performance of saw blades with textured structures on the rake face, main and secondary flank face
Authors: Lu Yang , Deng Jianxin , Zhang Zhihui , Bao Yichen , Tian Runzhou 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to explore the influence of textured sawteeth on saw blades cutting and wear performance, linear micro textures perpendicular to the chip flow direction were fabricated on the rake face, main flank face and secondary flank face by laser machining, respectively. The cutting tests were carried out on sawing platform by different cutting speed, and the cutting forces, noise, temperatures, machined surface quality and sawteeth wear were studied. The results indicated that textures fabricated on the secondary flank face can effectively reduce friction with the machined surface and improve the surface quality, and the roughness Ra was decreased about 2.5% ~ 12.5% compared with traditional saw blade. The improvement of saw blades cutting performance by preparing micro textures on the main flank face was greater than the textures fabricated on the rake face. Due to the synergistic action of textures at different cutting faces, the cutting force, noise and temperature of saw blades with textures prepared on all cutting surfaces was the lowest. The main wear forms of sawteeth were tip wear, surface adhesion wear and oxidation wear. Although the derivative cutting phenomenon was occurred, the micro textures were not filled completely, it signified that the micro textures still played the role of stored cutting fluids, reduced contact area and formed lubrication film.
Intra- vs. inter-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 driven by uncorrelated selection - The evolution thwarted
Authors: Hou Mei , Shi Jingrong , Gong Zanke , Wen Haijun , Lan Yun , Deng Xizi , Fan Qinghong , Li Jiaojiao , Jiang Mengling , Tang Xiaoping , Wu Chung-I , Li Feng , Ruan Yongsen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In viral evolution, a new mutation has to proliferate within the host (Stage I) in order to be transmitted and then compete in the host population (Stage II). We now analyze the intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) in a set of 79 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with most transmissions tracked. Here, every mutation has two measures: i) iSNV frequency within each individual host in Stage I; ii) occurrence among individuals ranging from 1 (private), 2-78 (public) to 79 (global) occurrences in Stage II. In Stage I, a small fraction of non-synonymous iSNVs are sufficiently advantageous to rise to a high frequency, often 100%. However, such iSNVs usually fail to become public mutations. Thus, the selective forces in the two stages of evolution are uncorrelated and, possibly, antagonistic. For that reason, successful mutants, including many VOCs (variants of concern), have to avoid being eliminated in Stage I when they first emerge. As a result, they may not have the transmission advantage to outcompete the dominant strains and, hence, are rare in the host population. Few of them could manage to slowly accumulate advantageous mutations to compete in Stage II. When they do, they would appear suddenly as in each of the 6 successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 strains. In conclusion, Stage I evolution, the gate-keeper, may contravene the long-term viral evolution and should be heeded in viral studies.
Different responses of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity to environmental changes: A case study of fish communities in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground, China
Authors: Li Yuru , Wang Jing , Ju Peilong , Zhang Chang , Liu Baogui , Wang Yingbin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The resilience and responses of fish communities to environmental stressors have been evidenced to associated with the community structure of fish such as fish biodiversity. What remains unknown, however, is that whether different components of biodiversity responds to environmental changes consistently or differently. Traditional researches about biodiversity and its environmental drivers were mostly based on taxonomic level, and often ignored functional traits of fishes. In this study, we investigated the seasonal patterns of fish biodiversity and their environmental drivers. Biodiversity indices were measured by species abundance and functional traits data, respectively and named taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD), respectively. Our results showed significant difference of fish biodiversity indices at least between two seasons with exception for functional evenness (FEve). Compared with TD, FD showed more changeable along season. Both TD and FD were significantly related to several environmental variables at least in one season, and the response of them to environmental changes were different. In addition, environmental variables played important roles in shaped fish community structure in the study area with eight environmental variables (i.e., salinity, temperature, nitrite, DP, IN, TN, silicate, and PO43-) significantly related to taxonomic structure and three variables (i.e., AN, TD, and COD) significantly related to functional structure. These findings provide evidence that trait-based approach is necessary when assess the responses of fish communities to environmental changes.
Real-Time Task Scheduling Using Hybrid Multi-objective Crow Search Algorithm
Authors: Subbaraj Saroja , Rengaraj Madavan , Sikkandar Haseena 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a Multi-objective Crow Search Algorithm (MOCSA) based task scheduling approach for determining optimal solutions with simultaneous optimization of finish time (F), tardiness (T) and energy consumption (E). The proposed algorithm solves real-time task scheduling problem in heterogeneous multi-processor systems by adopting novel crow search algorithm to solve the discrete optimization problem. The three different multiple objectives with different magnitudes are fused using a weighted product method. Our methodology enables the user to choose the solution that best suits their needs. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in achieving all the three objectives: minimizing finish time, tardiness and energy consumption.
Proof of Concept Evaluation of a Novel Eyelid-Warming Device in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Arazi Mattan , Lemanski Michael , Belkin Michael , Landau-Prat Daphna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
to evaluate a novel eyelid warming and neuro-stimulating device, Hydro-Eye, that delivers heat via low-level infrared radiation on the eyelids of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Methods
Prospective interventional study. Patients with MGD were recruited at a single medical center. Main outcome measures included changes in tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), overall satisfaction, as well as corneal signs of dry eye. Patients were instructed to use the device twice daily for 5 minutes on each eye, for a total of 14 days. Follow-up assessments were performed after the two-week treatment.
Results
A total of 10 patients were included, mean age was 67 ± 16 years, including six males (60%). Changes in pre- vs. post-treatment TBUT (5.0 to 6.11), OSDI (28.1 to 23.9), and Schirmer score (8.67 to 7.11) were not statistically significant. Over a course of 243 treatments, 131 (54%) demonstrated improvement in symptoms, 40% no change, and 6% worsening of symptoms. General satisfaction was observed overall in 80% of the patients. No adverse events were observed.
Conclusion
In this first study of a novel eyelid warming device, overall subjective satisfaction was reported in 80% of the patients, with no adverse events. Potential advantages of this user-friendly device include its ability to improve MGD and improving tear film stability, as well as symptomatic relief, while allowing the user to continue with normal daily functioning while undergoing treatment.
Soil properties variation in a small-scale altitudinal gradient of an evergreen foothills forest, Ecuadorian Amazon Region
Authors: Bravo-Medina Carlos , Torres-Navarrete Bolier , Arteaga-Crespo Yasiel , Garcia-Quintana Yudel , Reyes-Morán Héctor , Changoluisa-Rivadeneira Daysi , Paguay-Sayay Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate variation in the soil physical and chemical properties in a small-scale elevation gradient at 601 to 1000 m above sea level (m.a.s.l) in an Evergreen Andean-Amazonian forest. The soil sampling was divided into four elevation zones, establishing five permanent monitoring plots (PMP) for each one, where soil physical and chemical properties were determined at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm. For the altitudinal soil-gradient relationship analysis, multivariate statistical methods were used. The results suggest that some soil properties - such as bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), total porosity (TP), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K+) and exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) were significantly affected by altitude. Soil pH, Al3+ and exchangeable acidity did not follow any defined pattern with respect to the altitudinal gradients. SOM, TN, Ca2+, Ksat, TP and retention porosity (RP) exhibited an increase according to altitudinal gradient, whereas soil bulk density, K+ and P showed an inverse behavior, with higher values at the lower elevation gradient. The principal components analysis (PCA) and the redundancy component analysis (RDA) also revealed a clear separation of soil properties among altitudinal gradient and confirmed that these variables were necessary in order to explain variation in the soil physical and chemical properties as an elevation gradient function.
Study of Forward and Backward Scattering in Two-Region Milne Problem for Non-Absorbing Medium Using a Synthetic Kernel
Authors: Garbiea Dalia A. , El-depsy Alia , Selim Mustafa M. , Mohamedien Osama A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of an extremely anisotropic scattering function on the two-region Milne problem is studied. This scattering function divides the neutrons resulting from the collisions into three parts; part (í µí±) which moves backward, part (m) which moves forward, and part (n) which emerge isotropically from the collisions, where í µí±+m+n=1. The integral version of the transport equation is solved using trial functions based on Case’s eigenmodes and exponential integral function. Hence, the solution to the Milne problem is formulated in terms of characteristic quantities such as the extrapolation length and the fractional scalar flux discontinuity. Numerical results for the analytically evaluated quantities are presented. Some of our numerical results are compared with the available published results.
Predicting the early incidence and stratification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (AaDO2): A retrospective study from the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Ngan Chansokhon , Lia Thongher , Wang Mingchun , Zeng Xueying , Li Li , Qu Jianmin , Yin Wanhong , Kang Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
To investigate the feasibility of alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (AaDO2) for early warning and prediction of severity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study is based on the MIMIC-IV database. In this study, both patients without and with ARDS were included. The AaDO2 value was calculated by blood gas analysis and ventilation parameters from the first day to the seventh day of the patient's admission to the ICU, and the most sensitive AaDO2 value was found by comparing the different days with the AUC curve. The Youden index was used to calculate the best threshold for predicting the incidence of ARDS. AUC curve was drawn to analyze the cutoff value of AaDO2 value for predicting mild, moderate, and severe ARDS, as well as the difference. Logistic regression analysis, lowess smoothing, and restricted cubic spline model were used to predict the association between AaDO2 and the incidence of ARDS.
Results:
The study included 2640 patients, of whom 1817 had no ARDS and 823 had ARDS (401 mild, 377 moderate, and 55 severe). Our study found that the earliest time point at which AaDO2 predicted the incidence of ARDS was on day 2 of ICU admission AUC was 0.815, 95% CI (0.80-0.83) with a cut-off value of 170.477 mmHg. AaDO2 on day 2 predicted mild ARDS: AUC was 0.748, 95% CI (0.727-0.769) with a cut-off value of 136.169 mmHg; AaDO2 on day 2 predicted moderate ARDS: AUC of 0.872, 95% CI (0.856-0.888), cut-off value 196.037 mmHg; AaDO2 on day 2 predicted severe ARDS: AUC of 0.932, 95% CI (0.907-0.956), cut-off value 233.896 mmHg, linear Correlation analysis found a negative correlation between AaDO2 and PaO2/FiO2 (R=0.55, R2=0.252, P<001). In addition, logistic regression analysis, Lowess smoothing, and Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed a correlation between elevated AaDO2 and poor outcome.
Conclusion:
AaDO2 might be utilized to predict the incidence of ARDS as well as to stratify the severity of ARDS.
Partial regularity of minimizers for double phase functionals with variable exponents
Authors: Tachikawa Atsushi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to study partial regularity of a minimizer u: Ω ⊂ Rn → RN for a double phase functional with variable exponents: ∫ (||Du||Ap(x) + a(x) ||Du||Aq(x)) dx, where || . || stands for the norm deduced from a positive definite sufficiently continuoustensor field A:=(Aijαβ(x,u)) ( (x,u) ∈ Ω × RN). We show that a minimizer u is in the class C1,γ(Ω1;RN ) for some constant γ ∈ (0,1) and open subset Ω1 ⊂ Ω . We obtain also an estimate for the Hausdorff dimension of Ω \ Ω1.
MSC Classification: 35J20 , 35J47 , 35J60 , 49N60
Application of Metagenomics for Diagnosis of Broilers Displaying Neurological Symptoms
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Su , Kim Si-Hyeon , Song Hye-Soon , Kwon Yong-Kuk , Park Choi-Kyu , Kim Hye-Ryoung 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Thirty-two-day-old broiler chickens at a farm located in northwestern South Korea displayed adverse neurological symptoms including limping, lying down, and head shaking. Approximately 2.1% of chickens died or were culled due to severe symptoms. Five carcasses were submitted to the Avian Disease Division of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) for disease diagnosis.
Results: Broilers displayed severe pericarditis and perihepatitis associated with gross lesions. Broilers also displayed microscopic lesions in the cerebrum and in the granular layer of the cerebellum, which were associated with multifocal perivascular cuffing and purulent necrosis in the cerebrum, and severe meningitis with heterophil and lymphocyte infiltration. Staphylococcus spp. were identified in the liver and heart using bacteriological culture. PCR/RT-PCR assays revealed that broilers were negative for avian Clostridium botulinum, Newcastle disease virus, and avian encephalomyelitis virus. Bacterial and viral metagenomic analysis of brain samples revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp. and Marek’s disease virus, which are known etiological agents of chicken meningoencephalitis.
Conclusions: This study reports a diagnostic analysis of gross and histopathological lesions from 32-day-old broilers displaying unique neurological symptoms that revealed the presence of the several neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis.
Meta-analysis of the Diagnostic Value of Circulating miRNAs for the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Lung Nodules
Authors: Hong Ziqiang , Cui Baiqiang , Bai Xiangdou , Li Hongchao , Cheng Tao , Sheng Yannan , Lu Yingjie , Wu Xusheng , Jin Dacheng , Zhao Jing , Gou Yunjiu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of miRNAs in circulation on diagnosing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules (BPNs and MPNs).
Methods
Electronic databases such as Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were utilized for diagnostic tests of circulating miRNAs to diagnose BPNs and MPNs from the library creation to February 2023. Meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using Stata 16, Meta-Disc 1.4, and Review Manager 5.4 software. This study determined the combined sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic ratio (DOR), positive/negative likelihood ratios (PLR/NLR), as well as value of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results
This meta-analysis included 14 publications and 17 studies. According to our findings, the pooled sensitivity for miRNA in diagnosing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules was 0.82 [95% CI (0.74, 0.88)], specificity was 0.84 [95% CI (0.79, 0.88)], whereas the DOR was 22.69 [95% CI (13.87, 37.13)], PLR was 5.00 [95% CI (3.87, 6.46)], NLR was 0.22 [95% CI (0.15, 0.32)], and an area under the subject working characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.89 [95% CI (0.86, 0.91)].
Conclusion
Circulating miRNAs could be used with sensitivity, specificity, DOR, PLR, NLR, and AUC as biomarkers to diagnose pulmonary nodules (PNs). However, because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies included, more research is needed to determine the optimum miRNA combinations for diagnosing PNs.
Ursolic acid promotes autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR and TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathways to alleviate pyroptosis and necroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages
Authors: Shen Jingjing , Fu Yan , Liu Fanglin , Ning Bangzuo , Jiang Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As a lethal infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Its complex pathophysiological process limits the effectiveness of many clinical treatments. By regulating host cell death, Mtb manipulates macrophages, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, to evade host immunity and promote the spread of bacteria and intracellular inflammatory substances to neighboring cells, resulting in widespread chronic inflammation and persistent lung damage. Autophagy, a metabolic pathway by which cells protect themselves, has been shown to fight intracellular microorganisms, such as Mtb, and they also play a crucial role in regulating cell survival and death. Therefore, host-directed therapy (HDT) based on antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory interventions is a pivotal adjunct to current TB treatment, enhancing anti-TB efficacy. In the present study, we showed that a secondary plant metabolite, ursolic acid (UA), inhibited Mtb-induced pyroptosis and necroptosis of macrophages. In addition, UA induced macrophage autophagy and enhanced intracellular killing of Mtb. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we explored the signaling pathways associated with autophagy as well as cell death. The results showed that UA could synergistically inhibit the Akt/mTOR and TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathways and promote autophagy, thus achieving its regulatory effects on pyroptosis and necroptosis of macrophages. Collectively, UA could be a potential adjuvant drug for host-targeted anti-TB therapy, as it could effectively inhibit pyroptosis and necroptosis of macrophages and counteract the excessive inflammatory response caused by Mtb-infected macrophages via modulating the host immune response, potentially improving clinical outcomes.
Research on modeling of grinding force in Longitudinal ultrasonic
vibration–assisted grinding of alumina ceramics
Authors: mingli zhao , Boxi Xue , Bohan Li , Junming Zhu , Wenbin Song , Lixin Nie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A longitudinal ultrasound-assisted grinding (LUVAG) alumina ceramics grinding force model and an LUVAG end grinding force model were developed in order to examine the influence of different parameters on the grinding force. Experiments were conducted to determine the effective cutting trajectory of grinding transient single abrasive grains and the effective removal volume of transient material. The experimental results showed that the tangential grinding force was positively correlated with table speed, grinding depth and wheel speed, the tangential grinding force was negatively correlated with ultrasonic amplitude, the forward grinding force was positively correlated with grinding depth and table speed, and the forward grinding force was negatively correlated with ultrasonic amplitude and wheel speed. The calculated results of the theoretical model of grinding force and the differential images showed that the experimental results and the calculated results could accurately reveal the influence of various factors on the trend of grinding force. By performing the extreme difference analysis on the grinding force data obtained from the LUVAG test, it was found that the grinding force was minimized when the ultrasonic amplitude was 12μm, the grinding wheel speed was 3500 r/min, the grinding depth was 5μm and the feed rate was 400 mm/min. Meanwhile, it is proved that the model can assist orthogonal experiments for factor screening and scheme optimization, which has important practical application value.
An Extension of LSE for Simple Linear Model
Authors: Zhuang Ziyang , Zeng Zhen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper gives an extension of the least squares estimation (LSE) for the parameter of a simple linear model. By using von Bahr-Esseen moment inequality, the sufficient and necessary condition is obtained for the weak consistency, strong consistency, and moment consistency of the extended estimator.
MSC: 60F15