bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apps targeting anorexia nervosa in young people: a systematic review of active ingredients
Authors: Chiang Clara P , Hayes Daniel , Panagiotopoulou Elena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Evaluating the presence of behavior change techniques (BCTs) in mHealth apps could be used to better understand what “active ingredients” contribute to outcomes. Despite the early onset of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and the increasing use of mobile apps to seek mental healthcare among young people, BCTs underpinning mHealth apps targeting AN have never been systematically examined. This review systematically identified and analyzed BCTs underpinning apps targeted at reducing AN in young people in an attempt to understand their active components. Apps were searched and screened in Apple Store and Google Play. Six apps that met the inclusion criteria and were coded by trained researchers against the BCT Taxonomy V1. Overall, 22 of 93 possible BCTs were identified. The most common were “Information about health consequences,” “Social support (unspecified),” and “Information about antecedents”. Identified BCTs suggested potential overlaps with traditional clinical treatments for AN, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy. Further investigation is required to evaluate the apps’ usability and effectiveness.
METTL3 inhibits autoreactive Th17 cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis via stabilizing ASH1L mRNA
Authors: Zhao Lu , Liu Yuling , Ma Binyun , Liu Xun , Wei Ruihua , Nian Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMethyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), a primary N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has been implicated in various biological and pathological processes including immune responses. However, the functions and mechanisms of METTL3 in pathogenic T helper (Th)17 cells are poorly understood. Here we found significantly decreased METTL3 expression along with reduced m6A levels in eyeballs and T cells of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Overexpression of METTL3 ameliorated the development of EAU and suppressed pathogenic Th17 cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, METTL3 promoted the expression of absent, small, or homeotic‐like 1 (ASH1L) via enhancing its stability in a YT521‐B homology domain containing 2 (YTHDC2)‐dependent manner, which further decreased the expression of IL‐17 and IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R), resulting in reduced pathogenic Th17 responses. Together, our data reveal a pivotal role of METTL3 in regulating pathogenic Th17 responses, which may contribute to human uveitis therapy.
Machine‐learning methods applied to integrated transcriptomic data from bovine blastocysts and elongating conceptuses to identify genes predictive of embryonic competence
Authors: Rabaglino Maria Belen , Salilew‐Wondim Dessie , Zolini Adriana , Tesfaye Dawit , Hoelker Michael , Lonergan Pat , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly pregnancy loss markedly impacts reproductive efficiency in cattle. The objectives were to model a biologically relevant gene signature predicting embryonic competence for survival after integrating transcriptomic data from blastocysts and elongating conceptuses with different developmental capacities and to validate the potential biomarkers with independent embryonic data sets through the application of machine‐learning algorithms. First, two data sets from in vivo‐produced blastocysts competent or not to sustain a pregnancy were integrated with a data set from long and short day‐15 conceptuses. A statistical contrast determined differentially expressed genes (DEG) increasing in expression from a competent blastocyst to a long conceptus and vice versa; these were enriched for KEGG pathways related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and RNA processing, respectively. Next, the most discriminative DEG between blastocysts that resulted or did not in pregnancy were selected by linear discriminant analysis. These eight putative biomarker genes were validated by modeling their expression in competent or noncompetent blastocysts through Bayesian logistic regression or neural networks and predicting embryo developmental fate in four external data sets consisting of in vitro‐produced blastocysts (i) competent or not, or (ii) exposed or not to detrimental conditions during culture, and elongated conceptuses (iii) of different length, or (iv) developed in the uteri of high‐ or subfertile heifers. Predictions for each data set were more than 85% accurate, suggesting that these genes play a key role in embryo development and pregnancy establishment. In conclusion, this study integrated transcriptomic data from seven independent experiments to identify a small set of genes capable of predicting embryonic competence for survival.
Acute and postacute COVID-19 outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: lessons learned and emerging directions 3 years into the pandemic
Authors: Zaccardelli Alessandra , Wallace Zachary S. , Sparks Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize the findings of studies investigating patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risk of acute and postacute COVID-19 outcomes 3 years into the pandemic.

Recent findings
Most studies early in the pandemic included all patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), not only those with RA, due to limited sample size. Many of these studies found that patients with SARDs were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes, including hospitalization, hyperinflammation, mechanical ventilation, and death. Studies performed later were able to focus on RA and found similar associations, while also identifying RA-specific factors such as immunosuppressive medications, disease activity/severity, and interstitial lung disease as risk factors for severe COVID-19. After COVID-19 vaccination, the risks for COVID-19 infection and severity were reduced for patients with RA, but a gap between the general population persisted, and some patients with RA are susceptible to breakthrough infection after vaccination. Preexposure prophylaxis, effective treatments, and changes in viral variants have also contributed to improved COVID-19 outcomes throughout the pandemic. Emerging data suggest that patients with RA may be at risk for postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Summary
Although COVID-19 outcomes have improved over the pandemic for patients with RA, some experience poor acute and postacute outcomes after COVID-19. Clinicians and patients should remain vigilant about risk mitigation for infection and consider early treatment for RA patients with COVID-19. Future studies are needed to investigate clinical outcomes and mechanisms of PASC among patients with RA.
Higher Rates of Readmission After Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Elderly Acetabular Fractures, a National Study From 2010 to 2019
Authors: Upfill-Brown Alexander , Shi Brendan , Maturana Carlos , Brodke Dane , Shah Akash A. , Kelley Benjamin V. , Mayer Erik N. , Devana Sai K. , Lee Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate the initial complications and short-term readmissions and reoperations after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) versus acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) for elderly acetabular fractures.

Design:
Retrospective database review.

Setting:
All hospitalizations in the National Readmissions Database and National Inpatient Sample.

Patients/Participants:
Patients 60 years of age or older with closed acetabular fractures managed surgically identified from the National Readmissions Database or National Inpatient Sample between 2010 and 2019.

Intervention:
Acute THA with or without ORIF.

Main Outcome Measurements:
30-, 90-, and 180-day readmissions and reoperations and index hospitalization complications.

Results:
An estimated 12,538 surgically managed acetabular fractures in elderly patients occurred nationally between 2010 and 2019, with 10,008 (79.8%) undergoing ORIF and 2529 (20.2%) undergoing THA. Length of stay was 1.7 days shorter (P < 0.001) and probability of nonhome discharge was reduced (OR 0.68, P = 0.009) for THA patients than for ORIF patients. THA was associated with lower rates of pneumonia (4.6 vs. 9.1%, P < 0.001) and other respiratory complications (10.2 vs. 17.6%) when compared with ORIF. At 30 days, THA patients had higher rates of readmission (13.9 vs. 10.1%, P = 0.007), related readmission (5.4 vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001), readmission for dislocation (3.1 vs. 0.3%, P < 0.001), and reoperations (2.9 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.002). At 180 days, THA patients had higher rates of related readmission (10.1% vs. 3.9%, P < 0.001), readmission for dislocation (5.1% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001), and readmission for SSI (3.4 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Acute THA is associated with lower length of stay and certain index hospitalization complications, but higher rates of readmissions for related reasons and specifically for dislocation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Use of the Piriformis Fossa Radiographic Landmark to Predict “In-Out-In” Placement of the Posterosuperior Femoral Neck Screw
Authors: Kuttner Nicolas P. , Hoggard Timothy M. , Cancio-Bello Alexandra M. , Hidden Krystin A. , Yuan Brandon J. , Adams John D. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
To investigate the correlation between a screw's radiographic relationship to the piriformis fossa with position on CT in the clinical setting.

Methods:
Intraoperative fluoroscopic images of patients treated with cannulated screw fixation of a femoral neck fracture, who also had a postoperative CT scan, were retrospectively evaluated by 4 fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons. The posterosuperior screw on the AP fluoroscopic view was determined to be above the piriformis fossa (APF) or below the piriformis fossa (BPF). Using CT scan to determine IOI placement, the ability to predict IOI position based on fluoroscopic imaging was evaluated by calculating accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reliability.

Results:
73 patients met inclusion criteria. The incidence of IOI screw placement was 59% on CT evaluation. The use of the PF landmark accurately predicted CT findings in 89% of patients. A screw placed APF was 90% sensitive and 88% specific in predicting cortical breach, with near-perfect interobserver agreement (κ = 0.81).

Conclusion:
The use of the PF radiographic landmark is highly sensitive and specific in predicting the placement of an IOI posterosuperior femoral neck screw.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Longer Duration of Myelopathy Symptoms is Associated With the Lack of Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential Improvement During Decompressive Cervical Myelopathy Surgery
Authors: Loh Jing Loong Moses , Jiang Lei , Woo Bo Jun , Zhu Lisha , Fong Poh Ling , Guo Chang Ming , Soh Reuben Chee Cheong 
Published: February 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
We aim to investigate the relationship between the intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) signal changes during surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy with postoperative functional outcomes and determine what factors correlate with MEP signal changes.

Summary of Background Data:
Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring with MEP for cervical cord decompression can potentially predict postoperative neurological complications.

Materials and Methods:
We prospectively collected data from 114 consecutive cervical compressive myelopathy patients who underwent decompressive cervical spine surgery. Functional outcomes were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at the 6-month mark, using the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score.

Results:
Among the 114 patients, 87 patients showed significant MEP improvement, 1 patient with MEP degeneration, 3 patients with no change in MEP, and 23 patients with MEP change, but which eventually returned to baseline. Univariate analysis showed that patients with MEP improvement had similar 6-month functional and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores compared with patients who did not have MEP improvement. Critically, a longer duration of symptoms was shown to have a statistically significant relationship with patients who did not have MEP improvement on univariate analysis (49.2 wk in patients with no MEP improvement compared with 34.59 wk in patients with MEP improvement, P = 0.03) but this did not translate to differences in functional outcomes. There was also no statistically significant association between the functional outcome scores and demographics, surgical, or radiologic factors.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that the duration of symptoms is not attributed to lower functional outcomes but is associated with a lack of MEP improvement.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Pulmonary rehabilitation restores limb muscle mitochondria and improves the intramuscular metabolic profile
Authors: Qumu Shiwei , Sun Weiliang , Guo Jing , Zhang Yuting , Cai Lesi , Si Chaozeng , Xu Xia , Yang Lulu , Situ Xuanming , Yang Tianyi , He Jiaze , Shi Minghui , Liu Dongyan , Ren Xiaoxia , Huang Ke , Niu Hongtao , Li Hong , Yu Chang’An , Chen Yang , Yang Ting 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Exercise, as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation, is recommended to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The underlying molecular basis and metabolic process were not fully elucidated.

Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into five groups: non-COPD/rest (n = 8), non-COPD/exercise (n = 7), COPD/rest (n = 7), COPD/medium exercise (n = 10), and COPD/intensive exercise (n = 10). COPD animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide instillation for 90 days, while the non-COPD control animals were exposed to room air. Non-COPD/exercise and COPD/medium exercise animals were trained on a treadmill at a decline of 5° and a speed of 15 m/min while animals in the COPD/intensive exercise group were trained at a decline of 5° and a speed of 18 m/min. After eight weeks of exercise/rest, we used ultrasonography, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative capacity of mitochondria, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), and transcriptomics analyses to assess rectal femoris (RF).

Results:
At the end of 90 days, COPD rats’ weight gain was smaller than control by 59.48 ± 15.33 g (P = 0.0005). The oxidative muscle fibers proportion was lower (P < 0.0001). At the end of additional eight weeks of exercise/rest, compared to COPD/rest, COPD/medium exercise group showed advantages in weight gain, femoral artery peak flow velocity (Δ58.22 mm/s, 95% CI: 13.85–102.60 mm/s, P = 0.0104), RF diameters (Δ0.16 mm, 95% CI: 0.04–0.28 mm, P = 0.0093), myofibrils diameter (Δ0.06 μm, 95% CI: 0.02–0.10 μm, P = 0.006), oxidative muscle fiber percentage (Δ4.84%, 95% CI: 0.15–9.53%, P = 0.0434), mitochondria oxidative phosphorylate capacity (P < 0.0001). Biomolecules spatial distribution in situ and bioinformatic analyses of transcriptomics suggested COPD-related alteration in metabolites and gene expression, which can be impacted by exercise.

Conclusion:
COPD rat model had multi-level structure and function impairment, which can be mitigated by exercise.
Modeling spontaneous opioid withdrawal in male and female outbred mice using traditional endpoints and hyperalgesia
Authors: Brewer Abigail L. , Lewis Christina C. , Eggerman Liudmyla , Blokker Alexis , Burkland John A. , Johnsen Megan , Quock Raymond M. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Opioid withdrawal significantly impacts drug dependence cycles as hyperalgesia associated with withdrawal is often a reason for continued drug use. Animal models of addiction are important tools for studying how drug dependence and withdrawal impact not only normal neurocircuitry but also the effectiveness of potential treatments for dependence and withdrawal. We conducted a study of the time course of spontaneous morphine withdrawal in outbred male and female mice that can be used to examine sex differences in male and female mice using both traditional somatic endpoints and mechanical hyperalgesia as an endpoint of withdrawal.

Methods
Male and female national institute of health (NIH) Swiss mice were made dependent upon morphine using an escalating dosing schedule. Injections were stopped after 5 days. Withdrawal behavior was assessed at time intervals up to 106 h after the final injection. Numbers of forepaw tremors, wet-dog shakes, jumps and other behaviors were scored to create a global score. Paw pressure readings were then also taken to track changes in sensitivity to a painful stimulus over time.

Results
Male and female mice had approximately similar withdrawal severity peaking at 24 h after the final injection as measured by composite global scores. Females did exhibit an earlier and greater frequency of tremors than males. Although males and females showed similar hyperalgesia during withdrawal, females recovered faster.

Conclusion
Spontaneous opioid withdrawal peaking at 24 h was demonstrated in male and female NIH Swiss mice. We also successfully demonstrated that hyperalgesia is an endpoint that varies over the course of withdrawal.
Application of Orthognathic Surgery Principles and Techniques in the Management of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Bhandari Kishor , Ho Cheng-Ting , Liao Han-Tsung 
Published: February 2023

Background
Posttraumatic secondary deformities of facial skeleton may occur because of nonmanagement or ill management of primary injuries, whereas some unexpectedly occur even after dedicated management attempts. Orthognathic surgery (OGS) principles and techniques can be used as an efficient tool to correct posttraumatic craniomaxillofacial deformities or skeletal developmental deformities during trauma management.

Aim and Objectives
The aims of this study were to describe the different types of posttraumatic secondary deformity and address how to use the principles of orthognathic techniques to correct them.

Materials and Methods
Patients with orthognathic surgical osteotomies during primary or secondary management of facial trauma (referred to as trauma-OGS) during the period of 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables pertaining to patients and surgery were collected, including trauma diagnosis, etiology, duration between trauma/primary surgery and secondary presentation, suggested reason for secondary deformity, intervention undertaken to address, and the surgical outcome.

Results
Twenty-seven patients were eligible and extensively reviewed. Etiological categorization of trauma-OGS could be done into posttraumatic deformities (18) and developmental deformities (9). The former group was further categorized as OGS done as primary procedure (8) that included immobile Le Fort fractures and delayed initial treatment, and OGS done as secondary procedure (10) that included complex fractures and condylar fractures. The developmental deformity group was categorized into OGS done simultaneously during trauma management (5) or done as a secondary procedure after trauma management (4).

Conclusions
Application of principles and techniques of OGS in indicated primary or secondary management of facial trauma patients should always be considered. The categorization of scenarios presented in this article relating facial trauma and OGS may further help to understand the application.
Comparison of the Effectiveness Between Conventional and Modified Cinch Suture Techniques in LeFort I Osteotomy
Authors: Yang Jia-Ruei , Chu Yu-Ying , Liao Han-Tsung , Lee Che-Hsiung 
Published: February 2023

Background
LeFort I osteotomy changes the morphology of the nose. The cinch suture has been proven to prevent the increase in nasal base and alar width. Different types of cinch sutures have been proposed. However, their effectiveness is unclear.

Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes between conventional and modified cinch techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs).

Material and Methods
We performed systematic search from Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement up to March 2021. The surgical techniques of different cinch sutures were reviewed, and the outcomes of nasal alar width and alar base width were compared between modified and conventional methods.

Results
A total of 4 eligible RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data showed no significant difference in alar base width change between modified and conventional methods (mean difference, −0.37; 95% confidence interval, −1.32 to 0.57; P = 0.44). Pooled data of 3 studies also showed no significant difference in nasal alar width change (mean difference, −0.11; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to 0.95; P = 0.83).

Conclusion
Based on the current data pooled from the available RCTs, no significant difference was found between the conventional cinch technique and the modified technique.
Selective Myectomy and Myotomy In Situ for the Management of Refractory Blepharospasm in Meige Syndrome
Authors: Lai Chung-Sheng , Wang Yu-Chi , Ramachandran Savitha , Chang Yang-Pei , Huang Shu-Hung , Hsieh Meng-Chien Willie 
Published: February 2023

Background
Meige syndrome is characterized by involuntary blepharospasm and varied subphenotypes of oromandibular tonic-clonic muscle contraction. Despite botulinum toxin (BTx) being the mainstay of treatment for Meige syndrome, a small subset of patients remain refractory to its effects because the disease is a form of functional blindness. An integrative surgical procedure combining selective myectomy and myotomy in situ of eyelid protractors, blepharoptosis correction, and tightening of the lower eyelid laxity was first applied to treat refractory blepharospasm in patients with Meige syndrome.

Materials and Methods
This study is a retrospective review conducted on 24 patients with refractory Meige syndrome between 2013 and 2020. Besides selective myectomy and myotomy in situ of eyelid protractors, levator plication and lateral tarsoplasty or canthopexy was performed for blepharoptosis correction and lower eyelid tightening, respectively. Patient demographics, associated diseases, medical treatment history, associated surgical procedures, final aesthetic outcomes, and therapeutic effects as reflected by changes in function disability score and Botox (BTx) treatment were thoroughly recorded and analyzed.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 65.2 ± 8.9 years. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) received blepharoptosis correction by levator plication with an average of 11.2 ± 2.9 mm in length. Lateral tarsoplasty was performed in 16 patients (66.7%) by pentagonal tarsal resection with an average of 3.9 ± 0.8 mm in width. Five patients (20.8%) received lateral canthopexy. Among the total of 96 operated eyelids, scar revision with fat graft was performed in 3 eyelids (3.1%). The average amount of BTx treatment decreased from 49.2 ± 12.8 U once every 2.7 ± 0.8 months before surgery to 35.4 ± 7.8 U once every 3.8 ± 0.7 months after surgery. Function disability score improved from 76.7 ± 17.5% preoperatively to 15.6 ± 9.9% postoperatively (P < 0.001). Only 3 upper eyelids (3.1%) received scar revision and fat grafting due to minor postoperative contour depression. All patients expressed high satisfaction with both functional and aesthetic outcomes (Likert scale 4.5 ± 0.5).

Conclusions
Selective myectomy and myotomy in situ of eyelid protractors combining blepharoplasty correction and lower eyelid tightening can produce long-lasting functional and aesthetic results with minimal complication in patients with refractory Meige syndrome.