bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin-Independent Natural Cytotoxicity of Fc Receptor-Bearing Human Blood Lymphocytes to Mumps Virus-Infected Target Cells
Authors: Härfast Bengt , Andersson Torbjörn , Perlmann Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy human donors to mumps virusinfected target cells was studied by a 51Cr-release assay. Neuraminidase-treated PBL were fractionated on columns charged with Helix pomatia A-hemagglutinin (HP) coupled to Sepharose. Cytotoxicity was found both in the fraction depleted of lymphocytes with HP receptors (HP+) but enriched in B and null cells and in two fractions containing HP+ cells, mainly considered to be T cells. The cytotoxic activity of the three fractions was well correlated with their content of lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG (FcR+). That FcR+ lymphocytes were indeed the effector cells in this system was further shown by fractionating the lymphocytes through columns charged with immune complexes (ovalbumin/rabbit anti-ovalbumin). Those columns that depleted the passed cell preparation of FcR+ cells also efficiently reduced cytotoxicity to the virus-infected target cells. In contrast, columns that were charged with F(ab′)2 fragments of rabbit anti-immunoglobulin and that completely removed sIg+ B cells did not significantly affect cytotoxicity. Taken together, the results indicate that the effector cells in this system are FcR+ sIg- cells and that a significant fraction of them appear to be T cells. However, some effector cells may lack T cell markers and may be null cells. This surface marker profile is very similar to that of antibody-dependent K cells as well as to that of lymphocytes displaying natural cytotoxicity to uninfected target cells (NK). We have previously shown that human NK cytotoxicity to uninfected target cells is frequently immunoglobulin dependent since it is strongly inhibited by addition of Fab fragments of purified rabbit antibodies to human immunoglobulin. Using this procedure we found that the natural cytotoxicity against the virus-infected target cells was not inhibited by Fab anti-immunoglobulin. In contrast, the strongly enhanced cytotoxicity obtained by inclusion in the experiment of a human anti-mumps serum was abolished. These results indicate that the eleyated natural cytotoxicity to mumps virus-infected target cells by lymphocytes from healthy donors is antibody independent, reflecting a virus-dependent but immunologically nonspecific activation of effector cells.
Fc-Receptors for IgG and IgM Immunoglobulins on Human T Lymphocytes: Mode of Re-Expression after Proteolysis or Interaction with Immune Complexes
Authors: Mingari Maria Cristina , Moretta Lorenzo , Moretta Alessandro , Ferrarini Manlio , Preud'Homme Jean Louis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The susceptibility to proteolysis and the mode of reexpression of receptors for IgM or IgG present on two different subpopulations of human T lymphocytes (T.M and T.G cells, respectively) have been investigated. The IgM receptor was highly susceptible to both trypsin and pronase, whereas the IgG receptor was resistant to trypsin and sensitive only to high concentrations of pronase.
The receptors have been removed by treating purified human T cells with pronase and their reappearance on the cell surface has been followed in vitro. The IgM receptors on the cell surface were detectable within 2 hr and the resynthesis was completed in 6 hr. IgG receptors were detectable in 4 to 6 hr and the resynthesis completed within 12 hr. When protein synthesis was inhibited by culturing the cells in the presence of cycloheximide for up to 12 hr, only the IgM receptor (which had a higher turnover rate) failed to be expressed. Whereas interaction of IgG immune complex with the IgG receptors was previously shown to induce a modulation of the receptors, contact with antigen-IgM antibody complexes did not alter the mode of expression of IgM receptors.
Activation of A Human T Cell Subpopulation Bearing Receptors for Autologous Erythrocytes by Concanavalin A
Authors: Fournier Catherine , Charreire Jeannine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human lymphocytes from different lymphoid organs were examined for rosette formation with autologous erythrocytes. The autorosette-forming cells (A-RFC) were shown to belong to a T cell subset including less mature lymphocytes. When normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with how doses of the plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A), in the presence of autologous plasma, the A-RFC levels were strongly enhanced. This response gave rise to two peaks: the first one coincided with the peak of thymidine incorporation but the maximum increase occurred 5 or 6 days later when the proliferative response was impaired. Depletion of A-RFC before stimulation with Con A led to a clearcut decrease in autorosette levels at both peaks of the response. It is concluded that Con A, generally used for polyclonal activation against heteroantigens, may also result, in terms of A-RFC marker, in expansion of an autoreactive T cell population.
Characterization of Suppressive Immunoglobulin-Binding Factor (IBF)
Authors: Joskowicz Mireille , Rabourdin-Combe Chantal , Neauport-Sautes Catherine , Fridman Wolf Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The biochemical characteristics of immunoglobulin binding factor produced by activated cells (ATC) were investigated. For this purpose, supernatants of ATC were purified by affinity chromatography on insolubilized IgG and the eluted material was iodinated (125I), treated with mercaptoethanol; and run on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The radioactivity was found in two peaks corresponding to m.w. of 38,000 d and 18,000 d. This result extends and confirms our previous findings that IBF produced by ATC is identical of IBF produced by L-5178-Y internally labeled thymoma cells.
The effect of various pH, temperatures, and proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes on the binding properties of 3H-leucine-or H-fucose-labeled IBF to IgG and on the poly-acrylamide gel profiles was also studied. By all these criteria, IBF appeared to be a glycoprotein in which the presence of the 38,000 to 40,000 d chain is necessary for the binding to IgG.
In the attempt to study the relationships between IBF and I-region products, purified IBF produced by ATC was incubated with anti-Ia immunoadsorbent, and the eluted material was iodinated and run on gels. The 38,000 d and 18,000 d chains characteristic of IBF were found to be specifically retained on the relevant immunoadsorbent. These data favor the hypothesis that IBF bears or is associated with Ia determinants.
Relationship Between Trinitrophenol and H-2 Antigens on Trinitrophenyl-Modified Spleen Cells
Authors: Forman James , Vitetta Ellen S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Con A lymphoblasts were treated with 2 mM TNBS and then cultured for 24 hr. At the time of treatment, approximately half of the cell membrane H-2 molecules were derivatized with TNP, whereas after culture less than 10% of the H-2 molecules were TNP derivatized. When the TNBS-treated and cultured cells were tested in a cold target competition assay for antigenic activity by using anti-TNP cytotoxic effector cells, it was found that these cells were greatly reduced in their ability to inhibit activity. This lack of activity could be overcome by retreatment of the inhibitor cells with 2 mM TNBS such that these cells now displayed TNP-H-2 molecules and blocking activity in the TNP-CML assay. Although the cultured cells shed 50% of their TNP molecules, it is unlikely that the failure of these cells to block in the TNP-CML assay was due to loss, since cells treated with 0.5 mM TNBS but used without culturing were able to efficiently block in the competition assay. The 0.5 mM TNBS-treated cells displayed an equivalent amount of TNP molecules bound per cell as the cells treated with 2 mM TNBS and cultured for 24 hr.
Thus, the data indicate that after 24 hr of culture of TNBS treated cells, H-2 molecules turnover rapidly so that the TNP-H-2 molecules are replaced. These cells fail to express antigenic activity that can be recognized by cytotoxic anti-TNP effector cells.
Binding of Desoxycholate, Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles, Lipoprotein and of the S-Protein to Complexes of Terminal Complement Components
Authors: Podack Eckhard R. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantitative measurements of sodium desoxycholate (DOC) binding to intermediate complexes of the terminal components showed increasing binding ability with the progression of complex assembly. C5b-6 and C5b-7 bound, respectively, 24 and 27 moles DOC/mole complex, C5b-8 and C5b-9 bound 63 and 86 moles, DOC/mole complex, respectively. All four complexes behaved as amphiphilic proteins upon charge shift electrophoresis. DOC above the critical micellar concentration prevented aggregation of nascent C5b-7 (C5b-7*), dissociated the S-protein from SC5b-9, and efficiently extracted C5b-9 from complement-treated sheep erythrocyte membranes without dissociating the complex. Nonionic detergents did not bind to the four complexes, were incapable of preventing aggregation of C5b-7*, and of dissociating the S-protein from SC5b-9.
The forming C5b-9 complex, depending on the experimental conditions, was found to combine with either DOC, S-protein, lipoprotein, or lipid vesicles. In absence of either of these substances it aggregated with itself. The binding and aggregation phenomena are considered expressions of the same underlying molecular reaction, which is also considered responsible for the membranolytic function of the complex.
Efficiency of binding of C5b-7* varies 1000-fold depending on the properties of the acceptor. Reversible ionic interaction of C5b-6 with the acceptor before the reaction with C7 may be responsible for this observation. Reversible ionic interaction of C5b-6 with DOC micelles before hydrophobic binding of the detergent may also explain the differential binding of ionic and nonionic detergents. It is proposed that the C5b-7 complex overcomes the charge barrier of the membrane by ionic interactions and associates itself with the membrane by secondary hydrophobic interactions. Subsequent binding of C8 and C9 leads to increased hydrophobicity of the complex, causing a perturbation of the membrane by transmembrane channel formation or by the generation of protein-phospholipid micelles.
Idiotypic Analysis of Anti-GAT Antibodies
Authors: Ju Shyr-Te , Kipps Thomas J. , Theze Jacques , Benacerraf Baruj , Dorf Martin E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The synthetic terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) induced anti-GAT antibodies in D1.LP mice. Some of these antibodies shared common idiotypic specificities. The interaction between idiotypic antibody and anti-idiotypic antiserum was specifically inhibited by GAT and the closely related polymer of L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) but not by the copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA). The binding of labeled GAT by the anti-GAT antibodies was also specifically inhibited by the anti-idiotypic antiserum. These results indicated a close association of idiotypic determinants with the antibody-combining sites. Furthermore, such active site-related common idiotypic specificities were found in individual sera of both responder mice (D1.LP) and nonresponder mice (DBA/1) immunized with GAT and GAt-MBSA, respectively, indicating that both responder and nonresponder mice carry B cells with common clonotypes.
Inosiplex, A Stimulating Agent for Normal Human T Cells and Human Leukocytes
Authors: Wybran Joseph , Govaerts Andre , Appelboom Thierry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influence of inosiplex upon various in vitro leucocyte assays was studied in normal individuals. It was found that the drug increases the response of bidirectional and unidirectional mixed lymphocyte cultures at concentrations of 200, 300, and 500 µg/ml. It also significantly increases the percentage of active T rosettes (concentration range: 50 to 500 µg/ml) and the percentage of autologous red cell T rosettes (concentration: 100 µg/ml). In contrast, inosiplex did not modify the percentage of total T rosettes and EAC rosettes. Inosiplex increases the number of nonadherent leucocytes in the leucocyte adherence inhibition test at a concentration range between 100 and 300 µg/ml. Finally, inosiplex also increases the percentage of monocytes phagocytizing yeast at a concentration between 50 and 500 µg/ml. These data indicate that inosiplex enhances the function of normal human T cells, monocytes, and possibly neutrophils. Therefore inosiplex appears to have immunostimulant properties.
Testosterone Control of Serum Levels of C4-Binding Protein in Mice
Authors: Ferreira Arturo , Weisz-Carrington Paul , Nussenzweig Victor 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Sex hormones control variations in the serum levels of C4-binding protein (C4-bp) in mice. The levels of C4-bp in castrated males are decreased as compared to the sham-operated controls. Castrated females injected with testosterone have higher levels of C4-bp than those injected with the vehicle alone. Effective “masculinization” of castrated females, with respect to C4-bp levels, was achieved by periodic inoculations of testosterone, and “feminization” of males was obtained by orchidectomy. In this regard, C4-bp behaves like other C components (C4, C5, C6) whose serum levels are strongly influenced by sex hormones.
Potentiation of Lymphocyte Activation by Colchicine
Authors: Stenzel Kurt H. , Schwartz Racheline , Rubin Albert L. , Novogrodsky Abraham 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Proliferation of human lymphocytes induced by IO4- is potentiated by 30 min exposure to colchicine (10-6 M), whereas the response to Con A is inhibited. Treatment with colchicine before or after IO4- modification has similar enhancing effects. Lumicolchicine does not alter proliferative responses. In addition to the proliferation of IO4--oxidized cells, irradiated IO4--modified lymphocytes induce proliferation when mixed with untreated lymphocytes. Enhancement occurs in both these conditions only when IO4--modified cells are treated with colchicine. Preliminary data indicate that proliferation in mixed lymphocyte cultures is also potentiated when either stimulating or responding cells are pretreated with colchicine. These findings suggest a selective stimulatory effect of colchicine on lymphocyte responses induced by cell-cell contact. Agents that modify microtubular assemblies might regulate the induction of immune responses that involve cellular interactions.
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Serum-Mediated Blocking: Evidence that Their Associated Determinants on Human Tumor Cells are Different
Authors: Levy Nelson L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The preceding paper showed that patients with gliomas may have lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic activity (LMC) directed against at least two determinants on the glioma cell surface. The present study showed that serum from patients with gliomas could block this LMC. The blocking activity, however, was specific for different determinants on the glioma cell than those to which the LMC was directed.
Blocking activity was specific for tumor cells homotypic to those of the serum donor. It was effective, however, in blocking the cytotoxic activity against these cells of lymphocytes from patients with tumors either homotypic or heterotypic to that of the serum donor. Likewise, although patients with glioblastomas or melanomas had LMC against fetal glial cells, sera from such patients were unable to block the LMC against these fetal glial targets.
The specificity of the blocking activity was confirmed by absorption of the sera with various normal and neoplastic cells. These studies have thus shown an immunologic functional dichotomy among different determinants on the glioma cell surface.
Apparent Lack of H-2 Restriction of Allograft Rejection
Authors: Murasko Donna Marie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c ByJ (H-2d) mice immunized with tail skin grafts of either B10.D2 (H-2d) or B10 (H-2b) demonstrated similar second set rejection of B10.D2 tail skin. This apparent lack of H-2 restriction was not due to the induction of a new population of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) since 450R given 24 hr before the challenge graft did not abrogate the second set reactivity. Host macrophage processing or anti-Qa-2 reactivity was also not the explanation for the lack of H-2 restriction since immunization of BALB/c Li mice with either B10.D2 or B10 tail skin grafts resulted in second set rejection of B10 tail skin. Shared public H-2 specificities of H-2d and H-2b may result in cross-reactive Tc, thus causing the apparent lack of H-2 restriction. However, no H-2 restriction of allograft rejection is observed when only one public H-2 specificity is shared between the recipient and the allogeneic challenge graft (H-2f and H-2k combination). These results suggest that H-2 restriction of T cell cytotoxicity has little relevance in allograft rejection because 1) one public H-2 specificity is sufficient to cause crossreactivity or 2) Tc are not the major effectors of allograft rejection.
Qa-2 and Qa-3 Antigens on Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Flaherty Lorraine , Zimmerman Debra , Sullivan Karen A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of anti-Qa-2 plus C and anti-Qa-3 plus C on mitogen-induced proliferation were studied. Both of these antisera in the presence of C markedly reduced both Con A- and PHA-induced proliferation while having little or no effect on LPS-induced proliferation. LPS, Con A, and PHA cultures and cultures containing media alone, examined at 72 hr, contained high proportions of Qa-2+ and Qa-3+ cells.
Idiotype-Specific Suppression of MOPC-315 IgA Secretion in vivo: Reversible Blockade of Secretory Myeloma Cells by Soluble Mediators
Authors: Rohrer James W. , Odermatt Bernhard , Lynch Richard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MOPC-315 cells grown in peritoneal diffusion chambers (DC) in Id315-immunized BALB/c mice exhibit a marked alteration in expression of the TNP-binding IgAλ2 protein (M315). The sera from such mice do not have detectable M315, whereas sera from Id460-immunized or nonimmune mice implanted with DC-enclosed MOPC-315 cells contain as much as 2.5 mg M315/ml. The failure to detect serum M315 is not due to the formation of M315-a-Id315 immune complexes.
When M315 secretion by individual MOPC-315 cells was quantitated in an indirect Jerne plaque assay, less than 2% of MOPC-315 cells recovered from Id315-immune mice 10 days after DC implantation formed plasques with TNP-SRBC. In contrast, about 45% of MOPC-315 cells recovered at 10 days from Id460-immunized and nonimmune mice formed plaques with TNP-SRBC. When MOPC-315 cells recovered from Id315-immune mice were treated with pronase before the Jerne assay, about 45% of the cells formed indirect plaques with TNP-SRBC, whereas pronase treatment of MOPC-315 cells recovered from Id460-immunized or nonimmune mice did not influence the frequency of plaque formation.
These findings suggest that M315 production and release by MOPC-315 cells are suppressed in Id315-immunized mice. The inhibition of M315 release: a) is idiotype-specific; b) is effected at the level of the actual secretory MOPC-315 cells; c) is mediated by Id315-specific soluble factors; d) is rapidly reversible in vitro; and e) occurs independently of any effect on the growth of MOPC-315 cells or their morphologic differentiation from lymphocytoid to plasmacytoid forms.
These observations: a) provide another instance of the susceptibility of myeloma cells to specific immunoregulatory signals induced in the myeloma-bearing host; b) provide further insight into the mechanism of idiotype-specific myeloma transplantation resistance; and c) identify a highly characterized, monoclonal B cell model with which to analyze the cellular and molecular basis of idiotype suppression.
In Vitro Growth of Murine T Cells
Authors: Rosenberg Steven A. , Schwarz Susan , Spiess Paul J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Growth factors (GM), produced by murine lymphoid cells incubated with Concanavalin A, have been used to grow cytotoxic lymphoid cells in culture. C57BL/6 and DBA/2 lymphoid cells were sensitized against each other in primary, secondary, and tertiary in vitro cultures. These sensitized cells were grown in vitro in GM and retained their cytotoxic properties. Cells grew in culture about 10-fold every 5 to 7 days for over 2 months. Initial growth of cytotoxic cells in GM resulted in marked enhancement of specific cytotoxicity that returned to original levels after subsequent subcultures. After five 10-fold cell culture generations some nonspecific cytotoxicity directed against the responding target cell strain appeared in continuous cultures. This technique for growing large numbers of cytotoxic cells may be of value in the development of adoptive immunotherapies.
Demonstration of the in Vitro Phagocytosis of Treponema Pallidum by Rabbit Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Lukehart Sheila A. , Miller James N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence has been provided for the in vitro phagocytosis of virulent Treponema pallidum by stimulant-induced peritoneal macrophages. After the 4-hr incubation of macrophages with T. pallidum, treponemal antigens associated with the macrophages are specifically stained using indirect immunofluorescent techniques. Phagocytized treponemes appear within the cytoplasm of macrophages as round, brightly fluorescent “bodies” observable in increasing numbers as the duration of the treponeme-phagocyte interaction increases. Their presence is significantly reduced in the cytoplasm of macrophages that have been treated with cytochalasin B, a known inhibitor of phagocytosis, and in nonphagocytic fibroblasts. Additionally, supportive evidence for T. pallidum phagocytosis in vitro has been provided by electron microscopic examination in which treponemes have been demonstrated within typical phagocytic vacuoles. This study also provides evidence that immune serum factor(s) significantly promote the phagocytosis of T. pallidum, although a contribution by heat-labile serum factors has not been demonstrated. The possible mechanisms of immune serum contribution and the implications of the demonstration of T. pallidum phagocytosis are discussed.
Subpopulations of Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Gupta Sudhir , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood from 120 healthy subjects, of whom 59 were young (33.5 ± 9.6 years) and 61 aging (69.2 ± 4.2 years), was examined for the proportions and numbers of lymphocyte populations, with a battery of surface markers. Absolute lymphocyte count and T, B, and third population cells were comparable in both groups. Tγ cell proportions were significantly (p &lt;0.001) increased in aging subjects when compared with the young subjects. However, this difference was more significant (p &lt;0.001) when aged females were compared with the young females as compared to aged males vs young males (p &lt;0.05). When data were analyzed for absolute numbers of Tµ and Tγ cells, a similar significant decrease in Tµ and increase in Tγ cells were observed. Interestingly, when these data were analyzed according to gender, significant differences in Tµ and Tγ cell numbers were observed between young and old females but not between young and old men. Implications of these results are discussed.