bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Particle Physics
Authors: Jona-Lasinio Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI will review the appearance of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in particle physics at the end of the fifties and beginning of the sixties of the XXth century. I will recall Heisenberg non-linear spinor theory and the genesis of the first model (NJL) of fermion mass generation developed in collaboration with Yoichiro Nambu, based on the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Both the non-linear spinor theory and the NJL model are invariant under a chiral transformation ($$\gamma _5$$

γ
5

—invariance) which was introduced by Bruno Touschek in 1957 and named by Heisenberg the Touschek transformation. Then I will briefly describe the subsequent evolution where the NJL model became an effective theory for low energy QCD and SSB was the key for the electroweak unification. Finally I will consider SSB in non-equilibrium which may be of interest in cosmology.
Multi-messenger Astronomy
Authors: Branchesi Marica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOn 2015 September 14, the first observation of gravitational-waves by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory detectors concluded a long scientific quest, which began 100 years before with Einstein’s prediction of their existence. This detection opened a new exploration of the Universe making it possible to access the properties of space-time at extreme regime, to probe the properties of compact objects (binary systems of neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes), and investigate their formation and evolution. On August 17, 2017, the first observation of gravitational waves from the inspiral and merger of a binary neutron-star system by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network, followed 1.7 s later by a weak short gamma-ray burst detected by the Fermi and INTEGRAL satellites initiated the most extensive world-wide observing campaign which led to the detection of multi-wavelength electromagnetic counterparts. Multi-messenger discoveries are unveiling the rich physics of most energetic transient phenomena in the sky, probing relativistic astrophysics, nuclear physics, nucleosynthesis, and cosmology. Here, we give an overview of the recent gravitational-wave and multi-messenger discoveries, and the perspectives for the future.
AdA at Orsay
Authors: Haïssinski Jacques 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdA, acronym for Anello di Accumulazione in Italian, was the first electron−positron storage ring ever built and operated. During a meeting held in the Frascati National Laboratories in February 1960, Bruno Touschek had proposed to equip these Laboratories with an accelerator of a new kind that would allow the investigation of matter−antimatter annihilation. Soon after, Touschek designed AdA, an e+e− storage ring prototype. Quickly built, AdA was first commissioned in Frascati where the behavior of the counter rotating beams was investigated in the low stored particle number regime. Then, in 1962, AdA was brought on a truck to the Orsay Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire to benefit from the high intensity electron linear accelerator available there. The commissioning was then continued by a small Italo-French collaboration which pursued the study of the machine performances, collective effects included. Exploring this entirely new accelerator physics domain was a unique and exciting period for the team. It lasted close to two years during which the beam lifetime limitations, the size of the stored bunches and the particle-antiparticle collision rate were measured. By the end of that period, the basic underlying concept of e+e− colliders was established, showing that the road to future powerful colliders was open.
From the Hadronic String to Quantum Gravity ... and Back
Authors: Veneziano Gabriele 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI will outline the conceptual developments that led, through half a century, to the present formulation of string theory. The phenomenological observation of Dolen-Horn-Schmit “duality” in 1967, the formulation, a year later, of the Dual Resonance Model, and its eventual interpretation as a theory of quantum relativistic strings, marked the birth of the hadronic string. Immediately after, however, this elegant S-matrix theory of the strong interactions lost its phenomenological battle against a more, but not quite, conventional quantum field theory risking, around 1974, total oblivion. Nonetheless, ten years later, upon a huge rescaling of its intrinsic length scale, string theory made an impressive comeback as a candidate unified and finite quantum theory of all interactions, including gravity. This dream of a “Theory of Everything” has not come true yet, but new developments have uncovered an amazing new “duality” between gauge and gravitational interactions making it conceivable that the real hadronic string (the one implied by the confinement of quarks and gluons in QCD) will be eventually understood by addressing an easier gravitational problem.
The Euclidean Adler function and its interplay with $$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\textrm{QED}}^{\textrm{had}} $$ and αs
Authors: Davier M. , Díaz-Calderón D. , Malaescu B. , Pich A. , Rodríguez-Sánchez A. , Zhang Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThree different approaches to precisely describe the Adler function in the Euclidean regime at around 2 GeVs are available: dispersion relations based on the hadronic production data ine+e−annihilation, lattice simulations and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We make a comprehensive study of the perturbative approach, supplemented with the leading power corrections in the operator product expansion. All known contributions are included, with a careful assessment of uncertainties. The pQCD predictions are compared with the Adler functions extracted from$$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\textrm{QED}}^{\textrm{had}} $$ΔαQEDhad(Q2), using both the DHMZ compilation ofe+e−data and published lattice results. Taking as input the FLAG value ofαs, the pQCD Adler function turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data, while the dispersive results lie systematically below them. Finally, we explore the sensitivity toαsof the direct comparison between the data-driven, lattice and QCD Euclidean Adler functions. The precision with which the renormalisation group equation can be tested is also evaluated.
Analytic bootstrap for the localized magnetic field
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , Bonomi Davide , de Sabbata Elia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the two-point function of local operators in the critical O(N) model in the presence of a magnetic field localized on a line. We use a recently developed conformal dispersion relation to compute the correlator at first order in the ϵ-expansion and we extract the full set of defect and bulk CFT data using the Lorentzian inversion formulae. The only input for the computation of the connected correlator is its discontinuity at first order in perturbation theory, which is determined by the anomalous dimension of a single bulk operator. We discuss possible low-spin ambiguities and perform several diagrammatic checks of our results.
Microplastic pollution in the sediments of interconnected lakebed, seabed, and seashore aquatic environments: polymer-specific total mass through the multianalytical “PISA” procedure
Authors: Corti Andrea , La Nasa Jacopo , Biale Greta , Ceccarini Alessio , Manariti Antonella , Petri Filippo , Modugno Francesca , Castelvetro Valter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe total mass of individual synthetic polymers present as microplastic (MP < 2 mm) pollutants in the sediments of interconnected aquatic environments was determined adopting the Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) procedure. The investigated area includes a coastal lakebed (Massaciuccoli), a coastal seabed (Serchio River estuarine), and a sandy beach (Lecciona), all within a natural park area in Tuscany (Italy). Polyolefins, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the polyamides poly(caprolactame) (Nylon 6) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (Nylon 6,6) were fractionated and quantified through a sequence of selective solvent extractions followed by either analytical pyrolysis or reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the products of hydrolytic depolymerizations under acidic and alkaline conditions. The highest concentrations of polyolefins (highly degraded, up to 864 µg/kg of dry sediment) and PS (up to 1138 µg/kg) MPs were found in the beach dune sector, where larger plastic debris are not removed by the cyclic swash action and are thus prone to further aging and fragmentation. Surprisingly, low concentrations of less degraded polyolefins (around 30 µg/kg) were found throughout the transect zones of the beach. Positive correlation was found between polar polymers (PVC, PC) and phthalates, most likely absorbed from polluted environments. PET and nylons above their respective LOQ values were found in the lakebed and estuarine seabed hot spots. The pollution levels suggest a significant contribution from riverine and canalized surface waters collecting urban (treated) wastewaters and waters from Serchio River and the much larger Arno River aquifers, characterized by a high anthropogenic pressure.
Graphical abstract
Correlation Analysis Between Demographic, Surgical, and Pathological Characteristics with Local Recurrence‐Free Survival for Surgical Resected Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Zhao Xudong , Gao Jingwang , Zhou Sixin , Li Peiyu , Liu Na 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the leading cause of mortality for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) cases, postoperative recurrence has complicated and unclear risk factors. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between demographic, surgical, and pathological characteristics with local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) for surgical resected RPLS.MethodsRPLS cases that underwent radical operation were considered to be included in this analysis. LRFS rates were estimated based on the Kaplan–Meier method and were compared between groups by the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to identified the predictors of LRFS. Subsequently, the independent predictors acquired from multivariate analyses were used to construct a nomogram.Results348 RPLS cases who underwent radical operation were included. Of the 348 cases, 333 had tumor recurrence or with a follow‐up period ≥5 years. Thus, 296 (88.9%) of the 333 cases had recurrent disease, and the median LRFS duration of 296 recurrence cases was 17.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.2–20.8) months. Multivariate analysis identified the preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), surgical frequency, operative time, tumor shape, histological subtype, and tumor necrosis as independent predictors of LRFS. Based on above independent predictors, a nomogram was constructed to predict the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year LRFS of surgical resected RPLS.ConclusionElevated preoperative NLR, ≥2nd time surgical frequency, extended operation time, irregular tumor shape, no well‐differentiated histological subtype, and tumor necrosis could be used as predictors of LRFS for surgical resected RPLS.
Attackenangst bei Migräne: Diagnostik und Behandlung
Authors: Klan Timo , Diezemann-Prößdorf Anke , Guth Anna-Lena , Gaul Charly , Witthöft Michael 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen beschreibt der Begriff „Attackenangst“ die Furcht vor dem Auftreten einer Kopfschmerzattacke. Ein Übermaß an Attackenangst kann sich ungünstig auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei Migräne auswirken und zu einer Verstärkung der Migräneaktivität führen. Zur Diagnostik von Attackenangst stehen der kategoriale Ansatz (Attackenangst als spezifische Phobie) sowie der dimensionale Ansatz (Erfassung des Angstausmaßes mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen) zur Verfügung. Als Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen liegt mit dem 29 Items umfassenden Fragebogen zur Attackenangst bei Migräne (FAMI) ein ökonomisches Messinstrument mit guten psychometrischen Eigenschaften vor. Zur Behandlung von Attackenangst bei Migräne existieren neben medikamentösen Maßnahmen auch gezielte verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionen. Die nebenwirkungsarmen verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen sind an die Behandlung von gängigen Angststörungen (z. B. Agoraphobie) angelehnt. Ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis für spezifische Interventionen zur Behandlung von Attackenangst bei Migräne steht noch aus. Im Rahmen der Kopfschmerzanamnese und -behandlung sollte Attackenangst dennoch adressiert werden.
Discrete representation learning for handwritten text recognition
Authors: Davoudi Homa , Traviglia Arianna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHandwritten text recognition, i.e., the conversion of scanned handwritten documents into machine-readable text, is a complex exercise due to the variability and complexity of handwriting. A common approach in handwritten text recognition consists of a feature extraction step followed by a recognizer. In this paper, we propose a novel DNN architecture for handwritten text recognition that extracts discrete representation from the input text-line image. The proposed model is constructed of an encoder–decoder network with an added quantization layer which applies a dictionary of representative vectors to discretize the latent variables. The dictionary and the network parameters are trained jointly through the k-means algorithm and back propagation, respectively. The performance of the suggested model is evaluated through conducting extensive experiments on five datasets, analyzing the effect of discrete representation on handwriting recognition. The results demonstrate that the use of feature discretization improves the performance of deep handwriting text recognition models when compared to the conventional DNN models with continuous representation. Specifically, the character error rate is decreased by $$22\%$$

22
%

and $$21.1\%$$

21.1
%

on IAM and ICFHR18 datasets, respectively.
Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (NFOG-Q-IT) in people with Parkinson disease: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Mezzarobba Susanna , Cosentino Carola , Putzolu Martina , Panuccio Francescaroberta , Fabbrini Giovanni , Valente Donatella , Costi Stefania , Galeoto Giovanni , Pelosin Elisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Freezing
of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a challenging clinical symptom to assess, due to its episodic nature. A valid and reliable tool is the New FOG Questionnaire (NFOG-Q) used worldwide to measure FOG symptoms in PD.

Objective
The aim of this study was to translate, to culturally adapt, and to test the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the NFOG-Q (NFOG-Q-It).

Methods
The translation and cultural adaptation was based on ISPOR TCA guidelines to finalize the 9-item NFOG-Q-It. Internal consistency was assessed in 181 Italian PD native speakers who experienced FOG using Cronbach’s alpha. Cross-cultural analysis was tested using the Spearman's correlation between the NFOG-Q-It and the Modified Hoehn-Yahr Scale (M-H&Y).
To assess construct validity, correlations among NFOG-Q-It, Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the 6-min Walking Test (6MWT), the Mini Balance Evaluation System Test (Mini-BESTest) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were investigated.

Results
The Italian N-FOGQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.859). Validity analysis showed significant correlations between NFOG-Q-IT total score and M-H&Y scores (r = 0.281 p < 0.001), MDS-UPDRS (r = 0.359 p < 0.001), FES-I (r = 0.230 p = 0.002), Mini BESTest (r = -0.256 p = 0.001) and 6MWT (r = -0.166 p = 0.026). No significant correlations were found with SPPB, MOCA and MMSE.

Conclusion
The NFOG-It is a valuable and reliable tool for assessing FOG symptoms, duration and frequency in PD subjects. Results provide the validity of NFOG-Q-It by reproducing and enlarging previous psychometric data.
Bandpass Shape of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Ratio Functions Reflects Cochlear Frequency Tuning in Normal-Hearing Mice
Authors: Dewey James B. , Shera Christopher A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe frequency selectivity of the mammalian auditory system is critical for discriminating complex sounds like speech. This selectivity derives from the sharp tuning of the cochlea’s mechanical response to sound, which is largely attributed to the amplification of cochlear vibrations by outer hair cells (OHCs). Due to its nonlinearity, the amplification process also leads to the generation of distortion products (DPs), some of which propagate out to the ear canal as DP otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). However, the insight that these signals provide about the tuned micro- and macro-mechanics underlying their generation remains unclear. Using optical coherence tomography to measure cochlear vibrations in mice, we show that the cochlea’s frequency tuning is reflected in the bandpass shape that is observed in DPOAE amplitudes when the ratio of the two evoking stimulus frequencies is varied (here termed DPOAE “ratio functions”). The tuning sharpness of DPOAE ratio functions and cochlear vibrations co-varied with stimulus level, with a similar quantitative agreement in tuning sharpness observed for both apical and mid-cochlear locations. Measurement of intracochlear DPs revealed that the tuning of the DPOAE ratio functions was not caused by mechanisms that shape DPs locally near where they are generated. Instead, simple model simulations indicate that the bandpass shape is due to a more global wave interference phenomenon. It appears that the filtering of DPOAEs by wave interactions over an extended spatial region allows them to provide a window onto the frequency tuning of single cochlear locations.
Multispectral Imaging Method for Rapid Identification and Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Pathological Tissues
Authors: Sijilmassi Ouafa , López Alonso José-Manuel , Del Río Sevilla Aurora , Barrio Asensio María del Carmen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of the interaction between light and biological tissue is of great help in the identification of diseases as well as structural alterations in tissues. In the present study, we have developed a tissue diagnostic technique by using multispectral imaging in the visible spectrum combined with principal component analysis (PCA). We used information from the propagation of light through paraffin-embedded tissues to assess differences in the eye tissues of control mouse embryos compared to mouse embryos whose mothers were deprived of folic acid (FA), a crucial vitamin necessary for the growth and development of the fetus. After acquiring the endmembers from the multispectral images, spectral unmixing was used to identify the abundances of those endmembers in each pixel. For each acquired image, the final analysis was performed by performing a pixel-by-pixel and wavelength-by-wavelength absorbance calculation. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) were used in this research. The abundance maps obtained for the first endmember revealed vascular alterations (vitreous and choroid) in the embryos with maternal FA deficiency. However, the abundance maps obtained for the third endmember showed alterations in the texture of some tissues such as the lens and retina. Results indicated that multispectral imaging applied to paraffin-embedded tissues enhanced tissue visualization. Using this method, first, it can be seen tissue damage location and then decide what kind of biological techniques to apply.
Dynamics in spatial use by Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) during the breeding season revealed by GPS tracking
Authors: Meyburg Bernd-Ulrich , Roepke Dietrich , Meyburg Christiane , Holte Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe migratory behaviour of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) has been well studied using satellite telemetry, but studies on their behaviour in the breeding area are scarce. We caught and fitted 17 adult Ospreys with solar-powered GPS-enhanced satellite transmitters in northeast Germany and tracked them for up to 7 years. There was a high variation in home range size depending on sex, nesting site and breeding success. The home ranges of successfully breeding males (median 33.4 km2, 95% kernel density estimations) were significantly larger than those of females (median 4.6 km2) and varied in extent and shape between individuals. Some females made long excursions and sometimes spent the night at great distances to their nests after the juveniles had fledged but they also returned to the nesting area before they left for migration. The males’ home range areas were consistent during the breeding period. The proportion of water surfaces on the home range areas of males ranged between 9.6 and 29%. The overnight roosts were found in distances up to 7.83 km (median 980 m) for successfully breeding males and up to 105 km (median 568 m) for successfully breeding females. The correlation between overnight roost-nest distance and the corresponding home range area was significant for females but not for males. The overlap in the home ranges of individual males that occupied the same nests in different years varied between 37.3 and 54.7% of the mutual home ranges. Males partly included the same waterbodies in their home ranges, but they also visited different lakes. In the incubation and nestling phases, females are closely bound to the nest, whereas their mates can range over vast areas.
Bursts of white noise trigger song in domestic Canaries
Authors: Goto Hana , de Framond Léna , Leitner Stefan , Brumm Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcoustic communication is fundamentally constrained by noise. In birds, the masking of mating signals (songs) may reduce fitness and, hence, they have evolved various mechanisms to maintain communication in noise. One of these tactics is the adjustment of song timing to avoid overlap with masking sounds, but previous studies yielded contrasting results regarding the occurrence and magnitude of this behavioural plasticity. Here, we investigated how temporal noise avoidance varies with noise intensity. We exposed singing Canaries (Serinus canaria) to playbacks of masking noise of varying amplitude [60–80 dB(A) SPL]. Contrary to our prediction, the birds did not shift song onsets to the silent intervals between noise bursts at high noise amplitudes, nor did they increase singing outside the playback period. Rather, we found that noise generally triggered the onset of song: the Canaries preferentially sang during the noise bursts independent of the noise amplitude. This behaviour is somewhat paradox because it leads to the most unfavourable signal-to-noise ratios. Our results, together with findings from the current literature, indicate marked species differences in the noise-induced song plasticity of birds. Therefore, we suggest a more comprehensive conception of noise that incorporates both supressing and stimulating effects.