bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly supervised breast lesion detection in DCE‐MRI using self‐transfer learning
Authors: Sun Rong , Zhang Xiaobing , Xie Yuanzhong , Nie Shengdong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a typically diagnosed and life‐threatening cancer in women. Thus, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is increasingly used for breast lesion detection and diagnosis because of the high resolution of soft tissues. Moreover, supervised detection methods have been implemented for breast lesion detection. However, these methods require substantial time and specialized staff to develop the labeled training samples.PurposeTo investigate the potential of weakly supervised deep learning models for breast lesion detection.MethodsA total of 1003 breast DCE‐MRI studies were collected, including 603 abnormal cases with 770 breast lesions and 400 normal subjects. The proposed model was trained using breast DCE‐MRI considering only the image‐level labels (normal and abnormal) and optimized for classification and detection sub‐tasks simultaneously. Ablation experiments were performed to evaluate different convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones (VGG19 and ResNet50) as shared convolutional layers, as well as to evaluate the effect of the preprocessing methods.ResultsOur weakly supervised model performed better with VGG19 than with ResNet50 (p < 0.05). The average precision (AP) of the classification sub‐task was 91.7% for abnormal cases and 88.0% for normal samples. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.939 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.920–0.941). The weakly supervised detection task AP was 85.7%, and the correct location (CorLoc) was 90.2%. A sensitivity of 84.0% at two‐false positives per image was assessed based on free‐response ROC (FROC) curve.ConclusionsThe results confirm that a weakly supervised CNN based on self‐transfer learning is an effective and promising auxiliary tool for detecting breast lesions.
A study on corporate foundation and philanthropy: Does governance matter for organizational performance?
Authors: Yang Daniel , Babiak Kathy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven the increased social and strategic value of corporate philanthropy (CP) in businesses, a growing number of corporations have established associated corporate foundations to institutionalize and formalize their CP. Notably, CP has been channeled through team charitable foundations in professional sport, which are corporate foundations closely tied to their parent teams while having own (quasi) independent governance structure. However, these corporate foundations have received less scholarly attention. The study explores the relationship between corporate foundation governance and organizational performance in the context of professional sport. Specifically, this study focuses on how board structural characteristics, such as board size and board diversity, and board leadership, such as board chair affiliation with the parent team and the presence of a paid executive director, influence the team foundation's total received contributions. To empirically test our hypotheses, the study used longitudinal data of financial and personnel information of team foundations in the United States from 2011 to 2017. The results show that the team foundations with a larger board and paid executive director generate more significant revenues (received from contributions, grants, and gifts). The study illuminates how the internal governing environment shapes and steers a corporate foundation's philanthropic practices and performance.
Subsequent cancers within 5 years from initial diagnosis of childhood cancer. Patterns and risks in the population of Great Britain
Authors: Stiller Charles A. , Bunch Kathryn J. , Bayne Anita M. , Stevens Michael C. G. , Murphy Michael F. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatterns and risks of subsequent primary tumours (SPTs) among long‐term survivors of childhood cancer have been extensively described, but much less is known about early SPTs (ESPTs) occurring within 5 years after initial diagnosis.ProcedureWe carried out a population‐based study of ESPTs following childhood cancer throughout Britain, using the National Registry of Childhood Tumours. The full study series comprised all ESPTs occurring among 56,620 children whose initial cancer diagnosis was in the period 1971–2010. Frequencies of ESPT were calculated for the entire cohort. For analyses of risk, follow‐up began 92 days after initial diagnosis.ResultsESPT developed in 0.4% of children overall, 0.52% of those initially diagnosed at age less than 1 year and 0.38% of those diagnosed at age 1–14 years. Standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 7.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–8.9), overall 9.5 (95% CI: 7.1–12.5) for children initially diagnosed in 1981–1990 and 6.5–7.5 for those from earlier and later decades. SIR by type of first cancer ranged from 4.4 (95% CI: 1.8–9.1) for Wilms tumour to 13.1 (95% CI: 7.7–21.0) for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. SIR by type of ESPT ranged from 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0–3.4) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to 66.6 (95% CI: 52.3–83.6) for acute myeloid leukaemia. Predisposition syndromes were known to be implicated in 21% of children with ESPT and suspected in another 5%.ConclusionsThis study provides an overview of the patterns and risks of ESPTs in a large population where many children received therapy that is still in widespread use. Further research will be needed to monitor and understand changes in risk as childhood cancer treatment continues to evolve.
Combined analysis of PHOX2B at two time points and its value for further risk stratification in high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Yue Zhixia , Gao Chao , Xing Tianyu , Zhao Wen , Duan Chao , Wang Xisi , Jin Mei , Su Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRisk stratification of high‐risk neuroblastoma (NB) is crucial for exploring treatments. This study aimed to explore the value of minimal residual disease (MRD) based on PHOX2B levels for further risk stratification in high‐risk NB.MethodsThe expression of PHOX2B was monitored at two time points (after two and six cycles of induction chemotherapy, TP1 and TP2, respectively) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The clinical characteristics between groups and survival rates were analyzed.ResultsThe study included 151 high‐risk patients. Positive expression of PHOX2B at diagnosis was seen in 129 cases. PHOX2B was mainly expressed in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) levels (p < .001), bone marrow metastasis (p < .001), more than three metastatic organs (p < .001), 11q23 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (p = .007), and when more events occurred (p = .012). The 4‐year EFS rate was significantly lower in patients with positive PHOX2B expression compared to the negative group at diagnosis (32.9% ± 6.2% vs. 74.5% ± 10.1%, p = .005). We stratified the 151 patients into three MRD risk groups: low high‐risk (low‐HR), with TP1 less than 10−4 and TP2 less than 10−4; ultra‐HR, with TP1 greater than or equal to 10−2 or TP2 greater than or equal to 10−4, and others classified as intermediate‐HR. Patients in ultra‐HR had the worst survival rate compared with other two groups (p = .02). In a multivariate model, MRD risk stratification based on PHOX2B levels at TP1 and TP2 was an independent prognostic factor for high‐risk patients (p = .001). Patients in ultra‐HR were associated with 11q23 LOH (p < .001), more than three organs of metastasis (p = .005), bone marrow metastasis (p < .001), and occurrence of more events (p = .009).ConclusionsMRD risk stratification based on PHOX2B levels at two time points (after two and six cycles of induction chemotherapy) provided a stratification system for high‐risk NB, which successfully predicted treatment outcomes. Our results present an effective method for further stratification of high‐risk NB.
Estimation of the impact of natural soiling on solar module operation through image analysis
Authors: Cavieres Robinson , Salas Jorge , Barraza Rodrigo , Estay Danilo , Bilbao José , Valdivia Patricio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents a novel algorithm to evaluate the power losses in photovoltaic (PV) modules that are exposed to naturally accumulated soiling. The proposed algorithm uses red, green, and blue (RGB) images of the PV modules captured in the visible spectrum and measures features such as the average color intensity and standard deviation from every color channel. These features are then ranked based on the module performance by using statistical tools, and the most relevant set of features is selected. The selected features are used as an input, and the module power generation is used as the label to train an artificial neural network that outputs a continuous value that represents the instantaneous performance of the evaluated module when compared with a clean module operating under the same environmental conditions. The proposed method is effective for images captured within an irradiance ranging from 700 to 1000 (W/m2), with the predictions achieving an R2 score of 0.96 and RMSE of 0.74% for power losses ranging from 0% to 20% in natural soiling. This percentage corresponds to a clean condition, where irradiance is not used as an input, making it a cheap and reliable solution to monitor soiling conditions. This is the first work of its kind to demonstrate a correlation between the extracted color features of RGB images and module performance under outdoor conditions for the studied dataset. The proposed algorithm presents less accurate results when it is tested in modules exposed to non‐homogenous soiling, suggesting that the proposed methodology might be effective only for naturally accumulated soiling.
Aerial part of Houttuynia cordata reverses memory impairment by regulating amyloid beta accumulation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Ju In Gyoung , Lee Seungmin , Choi Jin Gyu , Kim Namkwon , Huh Eugene , Lee Jong Kil , Oh Myung Sook 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition, accompanied by neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction. Houttuyniae Herba (aerial parts of Houttuynia cordata, also known as fish mint; HH), an herbal medicine traditionally used to treat fever, urinary disorders, and pus, is revealed to protect neurons from Aβ toxicity and regulate cholinergic dysfunction in AD models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HH on excessive accumulation of Aβ followed by neuroinflammation, synaptic degeneration, and memory impairment. Two‐month‐old 5xFAD transgenic mice were administered HH at 100 mg/kg for 4 months. We observed that HH treatment ameliorated memory impairment and reduced Aβ deposits in the brains of the mice. HH directly inhibited Aβ aggregation in vitro using the Thioflavin T assay and indirectly suppressed the amyloidogenic pathway by increasing alpha‐secretase expression in the mice brain. In addition, HH exerted antineuroinflammatory effects by reducing of glial activation and p38 phosphorylation. Moreover, HH treatment increased the expression of synaptophysin, a presynaptic marker protein. Overall, HH alleviates memory impairment in AD by facilitating nonamyloidogenic pathway and inhibiting neuroinflammation. Therefore, we suggest that HH can be a promising herbal drug for patients with AD requiring multifaceted improvement.
Remaining useful life evaluation for accelerated Wiener degradation process model with mixed random effects and measurement errors
Authors: Duan Fengjun , Wang Guanjun , Wei Wanmeng , Jiang Mingye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the remaining useful life (RUL) for the accelerated Wiener process with mixed random effects and measurement errors. In the discussed model, the random effects are included in both the drift and diffusion parameters of the Wiener process to model the heterogeneity among different degradation paths of products. The measurement errors are introduced to describe the inaccuracy during the measurement process. The effect of the accelerated stress level is included in the drift parameter. The expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to obtain the estimation of the model parameters. The expressions of the probability density functions (PDFs) and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the lifetime and RUL distributions of products under the normal usage stress level are derived theoretically. Finally, an example of stress relaxation data is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed model and method.
Revisiting theN(N + 1)/2‐sites‐type Gaussian charge model for permutationally invariant polynomial fitting of global molecular tensor surfaces
Authors: Kudratov Sophia A. , Kaledin Martina , Kaledin Alexey L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe exact expressions for the dipole, quadrupole, and octupoles of a collection ofNpoint charges involve summations of corresponding tensors over theNsites weighted by their charge magnitudes. When the point charges are atoms (in a molecule) theN‐site formula is an approximation, and one must integrate over the electron density to recover the exact multipoles. In the present work we revisit theN(N + 1)/2‐site point charge density model of Hall (Chem. Phys. Lett.6, 501, 1973) for the purpose of fitting ab initio derived multipole moment hypersurfaces using permutationally invariant polynomials (PIP). We examine new approaches in PIP‐fitting procedures for the dipole, quadrupole, octupole moments, and polarizability tensor surfaces (DMS, QMS, OMS and PTS, respectively) for a non‐polar CCl4and a polar CHCl3and show that compared to the primitiveN‐site model theN(N + 1)/2‐site model appreciably improves the relative RMSE of the DMS and does much more substantially so, by an order of magnitude, for the corresponding ones of QMS and OMS. Training datasets are obtained by sampling potential energies up to 18 000 cm−1above the global minima, generated by molecular dynamics simulations at the DFT B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level of theory.
Exome‐based genome‐wide screening of rare variants associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tamaoka Satoshi , Saito Kazuki , Yoshida Tomoko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Tatsumi Kenichi , Kawamura Toshihiro , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Matsubara Keiko , Ogata‐Kawata Hiroko , Hata Kenichiro , Kato‐Fukui Yuko , Fukami Maki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeGenetic factors associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted an optimal sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O), an exome‐based rare variant association study, to clarify whether rare variants in specific genes contribute to the development of PCOS.MethodsSKAT‐O was performed using exome data of 44 Japanese patients with PCOS and 301 control women. We analyzed frequencies of rare probably damaging variants in the genome.ResultsRare variants of GSTO2 were more commonly identified in the patient group than in the control group (6/44 vs. 1/301; Bonferroni‐corrected p‐value, 0.028), while the frequencies of variants in other genes were comparable between the two groups. The identified GSTO2 variants were predicted to affect the function, structure, stability, hydrophobicity, and/or the formation of intrinsically disordered regions of the protein. GSTO2 encodes a glutathione transferase that mediates the oxidative stress response and arsenic metabolism. Previously, common variants in GSTO2 and its paralog GSTO1 were associated with the risk of PCOS.ConclusionsThe results indicate that there are no genes whose rare variants account for a large fraction of the etiology of PCOS, although rare damaging variants in GSTO2 may constitute a risk factor in some cases.
Topologically Porous Heterostructures for Photo/Photothermal Catalysis of Clean Energy Conversion
Authors: Gao Fan , Wang Xinqiang , Cui Wen‐Gang , Liu Yanxia , Yang Yaxiong , Sun Wenping , Chen Jian , Liu Ping , Pan Hongge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a straightforward way to fix solar energy, photo/photothermal catalysis with semiconductor provides a promising way to settle the energy shortage and environmental crisis in many fields, especially in clean energy conversion. Topologically porous heterostructures (TPHs), featured with well‐defined pores and mainly composed by the derivatives of some precursors with specific morphology, are a major part of hierarchical materials in photo/photothermal catalysis and provide a versatile platform to construct efficient photocatalysts for their enhanced light absorption, accelerated charges transfer, improved stability, and promoted mass transportation. Therefore, a comprehensive and timely review on the advantages and recent applications of the TPHs is of great importance to forecast the potential applications and research trend in the future. This review initially demonstrates the advantages of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis. Then the universal classifications and design strategies of TPHs are emphasized. Besides, the applications and mechanisms of photo/photothermal catalysis in hydrogen evolution from water splitting and COx hydrogenation over TPHs are carefully reviewed and highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis are also critically discussed.
Probabilistic Integration of Geomechanical and Geostatistical Inferences for Mapping Natural Fracture Networks
Authors: Chandna Akshat , Srinivasan Sanjay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstimation of a reservoir’s production potential, well placement and field development depends largely on accurate modeling of the existing fracture networks. However, there is always significant uncertainty associated with the prediction of spatial location and connectivity of fracture networks due to lack of sufficient data to model them. Therefore, stochastic characterization of these fractured reservoirs becomes necessary.
Searching for Worlds Worth Living in
Authors: Kaukko Mervi , Windsor Sally , Reimer Kristin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe idea of living well, the ‘good’ life, and the type of world that allows all lifeforms to thrive is not new. Its outlines are visible in many Indigenous knowledges. In the Western tradition, its roots stretch back beyond Aristotle in ancient Greece. This chapter presents the book at hand as a listening project. Through the 13 chapters of the book, we invite the reader to pause, ponder, identify and interpret what ‘living well’ or a ‘world worth living in’ means in different contexts and for different groups of people, and how the meaning changes depending on where one stands. Hearing from knowledge holders standing in different positions in the world, our knowledge gets richer. As we listen deeply to all the chapters of the book, we can hear clearly the language of criticism: how educational practices are currently stopping us from living well; and how educational practices are creating a world of inequity and unmet needs. But we can also hear the language of hope: how education is helping us to live well and to live well together—both today and in the future; and how education is supporting us, together, to create a world, day by day and practice by practice, that is worth living in for all.
“The Kitchen is My Favrote Place in the House”: A World Worth Living in for Children with Feeding Difficulties and Their Families
Authors: Hopwood Nick , Gowans Henry , Gowans Jessica , Disher-Quill Kate , Elliot Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe cannot live well without food. However, a significant number of children experience medical issues that impact their feeding, in some cases requiring feeding via a tube. The SUCCEED Child Feeding Alliance recognises the challenges that tube-feeding presents, and collaborates with parents, healthcare providers, and others to take steps towards a world in which all children who tube-feed thrive, experiencing the full joys of childhood, and agentically pursuing the futures of their own making. This chapter is inspired by Henry, who despite an ongoing need to tube-feed, has a passion for cooking, and wants to be a chef when he is older. We explore the challenges and praxis of tube-feeding, and different responsibilities and opportunities we have as adults in promoting positive change—from perspectives as parent, clinician, artist, and researcher. This dialogue is infused with theoretical insights from the theory of practice architectures, and Stetsenko’s transformative activist stance, which draws our attention to ways in which we contribute individually and collectively to the future that ought to be. We conclude by presenting one of Chef Henry’s own recipes.
Facing the Climate Crisis, Acting Together: Young Climate Activists on Building a Sustainable Future
Authors: Kiilakoski Tomi , Piispa Mikko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we examine the constructive democratic practices of young climate activists and their views on how democracy should be improved. We study how the youth climate movement is expressing utopias of democracy. Utopias are thought to be central to imagining more just societies. Furthermore, they enable critical analysis of existing social structures and have a special function in surpassing dystopian reality. For young activists, living well refers to preserving a planet that can sustain decent and eco-socially just conditions for all. These conditions are endangered by the current way of life. According to our results, acting together is a source of hope. Besides criticising the current status quo, young people have combined everyday activism with efforts to influence decision-makers. Furthermore, they argue that while democracy is the best platform to approach the eco-crisis in a just manner, democracy needs improvement. The analysis is based on multi-sited ethnography and 18 interviews, gathered during 2020. Our emphasis is on the young as agents, not as recipients or objects of education. Analysis combines theoretical educational perspectives, which emphasise the significance of utopian thinking, with empirical youth research.
Education for Living Well in a World Worth Living in
Authors: Kemmis Stephen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets out to articulate and provide a theoretical justification for the view that education has a double purpose: the formation of individual persons and the formation of societies. The argument proceeds in four parts. First, it outlines the dialectic of the individual and the collective articulated in Marx’s third thesis on Feuerbach. Second, using the theory of practice architectures, it describes the three-dimensional intersubjective space in which this dialectic is realised: the space in which people encounter one another as interlocutors, as embodied beings, and as social and political beings. Third, it shows that the dialectic of the individual-collective, as it unfolds through time, is more than an abstract matter, which Hegel pursued in the form of a history of ideas; against Hegel, the Young Hegelians, including Feuerbachand Marx, argued that the dialectic of the individual-collective is a concrete and practical matter, realised in human history and practice. The final section draws these three strands together in a contemporary theory of education underpinned by the theory of practice architectures.