bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary history and seascape genomics of Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) across environmental gradients in the North Atlantic and adjacent waters
Authors: Celemín Enrique , Autenrieth Marijke , Roos Anna , Pawliczka Iwona , Quintela María , Lindstrøm Ulf , Benke Harald , Siebert Ursula , Lockyer Christina , Berggren Per , Özturk A. Amaha , Özturk Bayram , Lesage Véronique , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is a highly mobile cetacean species primarily occurring in coastal and shelf waters across the Northern hemisphere. It inhabits heterogeneous seascapes broadly varying in salinity and temperature. Here, we produced 74 whole genomes at intermediate coverage to study Harbour porpoise's evolutionary history and investigate the role of local adaptation in the diversification into subspecies and populations. We identified ~6 million high quality SNPs sampled at eight localities across the North Atlantic and adjacent waters, which we used for population structure, demographic and genotype–environment association analyses. Our results suggest a genetic differentiation between three subspecies (P.p. relicta,P.p. phocoenaandP.p. meridionalis), and three distinct populations withinP.p. phocoena: Atlantic, Belt Sea and Proper Baltic Sea. Effective population size and Tajima's D suggest population contraction in Black Sea and Iberian porpoises, but expansion in theP.p. phocoenapopulations. Phylogenetic trees indicate post‐glacial colonization from a southern refugium. Genotype–environment association analysis identified salinity as major driver in genomic variation and we identified candidate genes putatively underlying adaptation to different salinity. Our study highlights the value of whole genome resequencing to unravel subtle population structure in highly mobile species, shows how strong environmental gradients and local adaptation may lead to population differentiation, and how neutral and adaptive markers can give different perspectives on population subdivision. The results have great conservation implications as we found inbreeding and low genetic diversity in the endangered Black Sea subspecies and identified the critically endangered Proper Baltic Sea porpoises as a separate population.
New perspectives on how to formulate alcohol drinking guidelines
Authors: Shield Kevin , Paradis Catherine , Butt Peter , Naimi Tim , Sherk Adam , Asbridge Mark , Myran Daniel , Stockwell Tim , Wells Samantha , Poole Nancy , Heatley Jennifer , Hobin Erin , Thompson Kara , Young Matthew ,   the Low‐Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines Scientific Expert Panel
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow‐Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines (LRDGs) aim to reduce the harms caused by alcohol. However, considerable discrepancies exist in the ‘low‐risk’ thresholds employed by different countries.Argument/analysisDrawing upon Canada's LRDGs update process, the current paper offers the following propositions for debate regarding the establishment of ‘low‐risk’ thresholds in national guidelines: (1) as an indicator of health loss, years of life lost (YLL) has several advantages that could make it more suitable for setting guidelines than deaths, premature deaths or disability adjusted years of life (DALYs) lost. (2) Presenting age‐specific guidelines may not be the most appropriate way of providing LRDGs. (3) Given past overemphasis on the so‐called protective effects of alcohol on health, presenting cause‐specific guidelines may not be appropriate compared with a ‘whole health’ effect derived from a weighted composite risk function comprising conditions that are causally related to alcohol consumption. (4) To help people reduce their alcohol use, presenting different risk zones associated with alcohol consumption instead of a single low risk threshold may be advantageous.ConclusionsNational LRDGs should be based on years of life lost and should be neither age‐specific nor cause‐specific. We recommend using risk zones rather than a single drinking threshold to help people assess their own risk and encourage the adoption of behaviours with positive health impacts across the alcohol use spectrum.
DEL‐1, as an anti‐neutrophil transepithelial migration molecule, inhibits airway neutrophilic inflammation in asthma
Authors: Jia Man , Fu Heng , Jiang Xinyu , Wang Lina , Xu Jiayan , Barnes Peter J. , Adcock Ian M. , Liu Yi , He Shujuan , Zhang Fan , Yao Lei , Sun Peng , Yao Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil migration into the airways is a key process in neutrophilic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus‐1 (DEL‐1), an extracellular matrix protein, is a neutrophil adhesion inhibitor that attenuates neutrophilic inflammation.MethodsLevels of DEL‐1 were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum in asthma patients by ELISA. DEL‐1 modulation of neutrophil adhesion and transepithelial migration was examined in a co‐culture model in vitro. The effects of DEL‐1‐adenoviral vector‐mediated overexpression on ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS)‐induced neutrophilic asthma were studied in mice in vivo.ResultsDEL‐1 was primarily expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells and was decreased in asthma patients. Serum DEL‐1 concentrations were reduced in patients with severe asthma compared with normal subjects (567.1 ± 75.3 vs. 276.8 ± 29.36 pg/mL, p < .001) and were negatively correlated to blood neutrophils (r = −0.2881, p = .0384) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r = −0.5469, p < .0001). DEL‐1 concentrations in the EBC of severe asthmatic patients (113.2 ± 8.09 pg/mL) were also lower than normal subjects (193.0 ± 7.61 pg/mL, p < .001) and were positively correlated with the asthma control test (ACT) score (r = 0.3678, p = .0035) and negatively related to EBC IL‐17 (r = −0.3756, p = .0131), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (r = −0.5967, p = .0055), and neutrophil elastase (NE) (r = −0.5488, p = .0009) expression in asthma patients. Neutrophil adhesion and transepithelial migration in asthma patients were associated with LFA‐1 binding to ICAM‐1 and inhibited by DEL‐1. DEL‐1 mRNA and protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells were regulated by IL‐17. Exogenous DEL‐1 inhibited IL‐17‐enhanced neutrophil adhesion and migration. DEL‐1 expression was decreased while neutrophil infiltration was increased in the airway of a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. This was prevented by DEL‐1 overexpression.ConclusionsDEL‐1 down‐regulation leads to increased neutrophil migration across bronchial epithelial cells and is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning: The early years
Authors: Prescott Laurie F. 
Published: September 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) was marketed in the 1950s as a nonprescription analgesic/antipyretic without any preclinical toxicity studies. It became used increasingly for self‐poisoning, particularly in the UK and was belatedly found to cause acute liver damage, which could be fatal. Management of poisoned patients was difficult as maximum abnormalities of liver function were delayed for 3 days or more after an overdose. There was no treatment and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity was not known. The paracetamol half‐life was prolonged with liver damage occurring when it exceeded 4 h and the Rumack–Matthew nomogram was an important advance that allowed stratification of patients into separate zones of risk. It is used to guide prognosis and treatment and its predictive value could be increased by combining it with the paracetamol half‐life. The problems of a sheep farmer in Australia in the early 1970s led to the discovery of the mechanism of paracetamol hepatotoxicity, and the first effective treatment of overdosage with intravenous (IV) cysteamine. This had unpleasant side effects and administration was difficult. N‐acetylcysteine soon became the treatment of choice for paracetamol overdose and given early it was very effective when administered either IV or orally. N‐acetylcysteine could cause anaphylactoid reactions, particularly early during IV administration when the concentrations were highest. Simpler and shorter regimes with slower initial rates of infusion have now been introduced with a reduced incidence of these adverse effects. In addition, there has been a move to use larger doses of N‐acetylcysteine given over longer periods for patients who are more severely poisoned and those with risk factors. There has been much interest recently in the search for novel biomarkers such as microRNAs, procalcitonin and cyclophilin that promise to have greater specificity and sensitivity than transaminases. Paracetamol–protein adducts predict hepatotoxicity and are specific biomarkers of toxic paracetamol metabolite exposure. Another approach would be measurement of the plasma levels of cysteine and inorganic sulfate. It is 50 years since the first effective treatment for paracetamol poisoning and, apart from liver transplantation, there is still no effective treatment for patients who present late.
Canopy tree mortality depends on the proportion of crown exposed to sunlight, but this effect varies with species' wood density
Authors: Gómez‐Correa Luisa F. , Jaramillo‐Hernández Camila , Duque Alvaro , Araujo Raquel Fernandes , Arellano Gabriel , Davies Stuart J. , Castaño Nicolas , Haarpaintner Jörg , Enßle Fabian , Zuleta Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding what drives changes in tree mortality as well as the covariates influencing trees' response is a research priority to predict forest responses to global change. Here, we combined drone photogrammetry and ground‐based data to assess the influence of crown exposure to light (relative to total crown area), growth deviations (relative to conspecifics), tree size, and species' wood density (as a surrogate for light‐demanding and shade‐tolerant life‐history strategies) on the mortality of 984 canopy trees in an Amazon terra firme forest. Trees with lower wood density were less prone to die when their proportion of crown was more exposed to sunlight, but this relationship with relative crown exposure weakened and slightly reversed as wood density increased. Trees growing less than their species average had higher mortality, especially when the species' wood density decreased. The role of wood density in determining the survival of canopy trees under varying light conditions indicates differential responses of light‐demanding versus shade‐tolerant species. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for life‐history strategies, via plant functional types, in vegetation dynamic models aiming to predict forest demography under a rapidly changing climate.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Seeking versus receiving help: How children integrate suggestions in memory decisions
Authors: Selmeczy Diana , Kazemi Alireza , Ghetti Simona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current research examined how seeking versus receiving help affected children's memory and confidence decisions. Baseline performance, when no help was available, was compared to performance when help could be sought (Experiment 1: N = 83, 41 females) or was provided (Experiment 2: N = 84, 44 females) in a sample of predominately White 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐olds from Northern California. Data collection occurred from 2018 to 2019. In Experiment 1, 5‐year‐olds agreed most often with sought‐help, whereas 9‐year‐olds were the only age group reporting lower confidence for sought‐help relative to baseline trials. In Experiment 2, agreement and confidence after provided help were similar across age groups. Different developmental patterns when help was sought versus provided underscore the importance of active help‐seeking for memory decision‐making.
Measuring the outcomes of lateral ridge augmentation using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Ford Nancy L. , Mossadegh Amir H. , Vora Siddharth R. , Aleksejuniene Jolanta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesLateral ridge augmentation (LRA) is a surgical technique to gain bone prior to implant placement. Performing cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre‐ and post‐surgery allows for quantitative comparison of the buccal–lingual width and the vertical height of the edentulous ridges. This study used CBCT images to evaluate the bone regeneration following surgery.MethodsA total of 30 cases from adult patients who underwent LRA and had high‐quality CBCT images taken pre‐ and post‐surgery from the same CBCT scanner were available for the retrospective study. Study data included linear measurements of the bone ridge width and height obtained from the middle of the edentulous ridge and a volumetric measurement of bone growth at the edentulous site observed on the CBCT scan.ResultsThe reliability of the measurements was excellent as indicated by Intra‐Class Coefficient values of 0.974 or higher. There was a significant mean bone increase from pre‐surgery compared to post‐surgery for both the linear and volumetric measurements. The linear bone gain ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 mm and volumetric gain from 250 to 750 mm3. However, two patients did not gain any bone. Multivariate regression showed the strongest predictors of bone gain post‐surgery were the pre‐surgery bone volume and a surgical site being in the mandible. For maxillary surgical sites, particularly anterior areas, the LRA surgeries were the least successful.ConclusionsLRA before implant placement helped to increase bone for the majority of patients, particularly for surgical sites in the mandible. The quantitative analyses in the CBCT images showed excellent intra‐examiner agreement.
Will policy help close the digital gender divide? An intersectional feminist policy analysis of Ethiopia's national digital policy
Authors: Ferritto Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivationDigital technologies can enable development, but they risk further entrenching inequalities in society, such as through the digital gender divide. The divide can not only slow development, but also slow progress towards gender equality. As digital technologies become increasingly used by governments for economic development, the gendered aspects of digital technologies need to be considered.PurposeThis study aims to investigate how Ethiopia's current national policies involving digital technologies consider the digital gender divide. It asks the following research questions: (1) how do Ethiopian government policies relating to engagement with digital technologies consider gender and gendered issues? And (2) how do Ethiopian government policies capture the causes of the digital gender divide?Methods and approachI critically analyse Ethiopian policies using an intersectional feminist lens, adapted from the work of Kanenberg et al. (2019). I applied this to the Ten Years Development Plan (10YP), Digital Ethiopia 2025, Ethiopian Education Roadmap 2018–2030 (EEDR), and Education Sector Development Programme VI (ESDP VI).FindingsThe four policies show little consideration of gender and gendered dimensions of digital technologies. They rarely address the causes of the digital gender divide. Above all, they do not consider the underlying sociocultural barriers women face if they want to engage with digital technologies. The policies are thus unlikely to help close the digital gender divide. Ethiopia's integrationist approach to gender, as well as the patriarchal structures within which the policies are designed, probably explain these findings.Policy implicationsA transformational gender policy paradigm, one designed to position women and men to challenge the patriarchal structures they live within, is suggested as a means of capturing and confronting the barriers women face to engaging with digital technologies in the long term.
An optimized extreme learning machine‐based novel model for bearing fault classification
Authors: Udmale Sandeep S. , Nath Aneesh G. , Singh Durgesh , Singh Aman , Cheng Xiaochun , Anand Divya , Singh Sanjay Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work addresses the rolling element bearing (REB) fault classification problem by tackling the issue of identifying the appropriate parameters for the extreme learning machine (ELM) and enhancing its effectiveness. This study introduces a memetic algorithm (MA) to identify the optimal ELM parameter set for compact ELM architecture alongside better ELM performance. The goal of using MA is to investigate the promising solution space and systematically exploit the facts in the viable solution space. In the proposed method, the local search method is proposed along with link‐based and node‐based genetic operators to provide a tight ELM structure. A vibration data set simulated from the bearing of rotating machinery has been used to assess the performance of the optimized ELM with the REB fault categorization problem. The complexity involved in choosing a promising feature set is eliminated because the vibration data has been transformed into kurtograms to reflect the input of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that MA efficiently optimizes the ELM to improve the fault classification accuracy by around 99.0% and reduces the requirement of hidden nodes by 17.0% for both data sets. As a result, the proposed scheme is demonstrated to be a practically acceptable and well‐organized solution that offers a compact ELM architecture in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art methods for the fault classification problem.
Including older fish in fisheries management: A new age‐based indicator and reference point for exploited fish stocks
Authors: Griffiths Christopher A. , Winker Henning , Bartolino Valerio , Wennhage Håkan , Orio Alessandro , Cardinale Massimiliano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarger and older fish contribute disproportionately to spawning and play an important role in the replenishment of exploited stocks. Fishing often removes specific size‐ and age‐classes, with direct impacts on stock productivity and population resilience. Despite this, fisheries advice is commonly based on estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality (F) and makes little reference to the importance of size and/or age structure. Consequently, there is a need for indicators of size and/or age structure to better inform fisheries management and help assess global sustainability goals. Here, we introduce a new age‐based indicator ABIMSY that monitors age structure relative to the equilibrium age structure at FMSY. We apply this new indicator to 72 commercially important stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, covering 26 species, which collectively contributed 86% of all commercial catches in the region in 2019. We estimate that 62% (45 stocks) currently have proportionally fewer older fish relative to FMSY conditions, whereas 38% (27 stocks) have proportionally more older fish; we also note patterns with respect to geographic area and taxonomic family. Simulation testing demonstrated that ABIMSY is responsive to overfishing and generally tracks (with high sensitivity and specificity) a common measure of stock depletion, SSB relative to BMSY. Throughout, we show that ABIMSY provides information on the age structure of exploited stocks that is complementary to conventional reference points for SSB and F. Further, the framework used to estimate ABIMSY make it well placed for integration into current advisory frameworks on fisheries management.
Genome‐wide association and genomic prediction for yield and component traits ofMiscanthus sacchariflorus
Authors: Njuguna Joyce N. , Clark Lindsay V. , Lipka Alexander E. , Anzoua Kossonou G. , Bagmet Larisa , Chebukin Pavel , Dwiyanti Maria S. , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nicolay , Ghimire Bimal Kumar , Jin Xiaoli , Johnson Douglas A. , Nagano Hironori , Peng Junhua , Petersen Karen Koefoed , Sabitov Andrey , Seong Eun Soo , Yamada Toshihiko , Yoo Ji Hye , Yu Chang Yeon , Zhao Hua , Long Stephen P. , Sacks Erik J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccelerating biomass improvement is a major goal ofMiscanthusbreeding. The development and implementation of genomic‐enabled breeding tools, like marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection, has the potential to improve the efficiency ofMiscanthusbreeding. The present study conducted genome‐wide association (GWA) and genomic prediction of biomass yield and 14 yield‐components traits inMiscanthus sacchariflorus. We evaluated a diversity panel with 590 accessions ofM. sacchariflorusgrown across 4 years in one subtropical and three temperate locations and genotyped with 268,109 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The GWA study identified a total of 835 significant SNPs and 674 candidate genes across all traits and locations. Of the significant SNPs identified, 280 were localized in mapped quantitative trait loci intervals and proximal to SNPs identified for similar traits in previously reportedMiscanthusstudies, providing additional support for the importance of these genomic regions for biomass yield. Our study gave insights into the genetic basis for yield‐component traits inM. sacchariflorusthat may facilitate marker‐assisted breeding for biomass yield. Genomic prediction accuracy for the yield‐related traits ranged from 0.15 to 0.52 across all locations and genetic groups. Prediction accuracies within the six genetic groupings ofM. saccharifloruswere limited due to low sample sizes. Nevertheless, the Korea/NE China/Russia (N = 237) genetic group had the highest prediction accuracy of all genetic groups (ranging 0.26–0.71), suggesting that with adequate sample sizes, there is strong potential for genomic selection within the genetic groupings ofM. sacchariflorus. This study indicated that MAS and genomic prediction will likely be beneficial for conducting population‐improvement ofM. sacchariflorus.
Individual effects of l‐arginine and l‐lysine on the physicochemical and textural properties of pale, soft and exudative‐like emulsion sausage
Authors: Gao Xun , Fan Xiaokang , Wang Ying , Liang Huihui , Li Axiang , Zhou Cunliu 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis study focused on the individual effects of l‐arginine and l‐lysine on the physicochemical properties of pale, soft and exudative (PSE)‐like chicken batter and sausages. The two amino acids decreased the cooking loss from 7.13 to 1.79 and 2.36%, respectively. They increased the hardness from 24.31 to 47.27 and 41.64 N, cohesiveness from 0.60 to 0.69 and 0.69, and chewiness from 12.15 to 28.30 and 22.80 N of PSE‐like sausage with a dense and uniform microstructure, respectively. Moreover, the two amino acids decreased the total expressible liquid and expressible fat, increased viscosity, and increased the storage and loss modulus of PSE‐like meat batters with smaller oil droplets. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the two amino acids increased Tmax1 and Tmax2. In summary, l‐arginine and l‐lysine improved the quality attributes of PSE‐like sausages by improving the emulsifying and gelling properties of PSE‐like meat batters.
Non‐destructive monitoring of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis, L) quality changes during storage using NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Siyum Zinabu Hailu , Pham Tung Thanh , Nguyen Lien Le Phuong , Baranyai László 
Published: September 2023

SummaryStoring asparagus under controlled conditions is crucial to preserve its freshness and quality after harvest. However, there may be changes in firmness and weight. This study aimed to evaluate surface changes of green asparagus using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy during storage at 2, 10 and 15 °C for 12 days. Weight loss, firmness and NIR absorbance in 900–1700 nm were measured. The results showed that the storage temperature and time had a significant influence on the weight loss and firmness values. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) with first derivative spectral pre‐treatment performed well and achieved an average accuracy of 86.6% in cross‐validation. Furthermore, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model accurately predicted weight loss (RCV2 = 0.97, RMSECV = 1.04%) and firmness (RCV2 = 0.97, RMSECV = 1.89 N). Therefore, NIR spectroscopy was efficient in monitoring asparagus quality changes during storage at different temperatures and durations.