bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLO Performance
Authors: CORDELL LARRY , ROBERTS MICHAEL R. , SCHWERT MICHAEL 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe study the performance of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) to understand the market imperfections giving rise to these vehicles and their corresponding economic costs. CLO equity tranches earn positive abnormal returns from the risk‐adjusted price differential between leveraged loans and CLO debt tranches. Debt tranches offer higher returns than similarly rated corporate bonds, making them attractive to banks and insurers that face risk‐based capital requirements. Temporal variation in equity performance highlights the resilience of CLOs to market volatility due to their closed‐end structure, long‐term funding, and embedded options to reinvest principal proceeds.
The National School Lunch Program and Obesity: A Look at Economic Stability's Influence on the Relationship
Authors: Chavez Luis , Malik Neal , Kapella‐Mshigeni Salome 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDApproximately 20% of US children are obese and these rates are expected to increase. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides meals to millions of students and may influence their body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to investigate whether students who participate in the NSLP have a higher BMI when compared to those that do not.METHODSSecondary data from the US Census Bureau were analyzed. Kruskal‐Wallis H tests were performed to find associations between NSLP participation and students' BMI. Race and economic stability were included as moderating variables.RESULTSNSLP participation and respondents that identified as White/Caucasian, African American, and Native American were positively associated with BMI. Lower economic stability was also positively associated with BMI.CONCLUSIONParticipation in the NSLP was significantly associated with participants' BMI, race, and economic stability. While a cause‐and‐effect relationship cannot be determined, these results are important given their potential influence on students' long‐term health.
Informativeness‐guided active learning for deep learning–based façade defects detection
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Wang Qian , Su Shu , Li Yiting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnnotation work is burdensome and challenging for developing a façade defects detector, especially when the raw data set is large but not all useful. To alleviate the problem, this study proposes an informativeness‐guided active learning methodology to effectively select informative data to train a robust façade defects detector. A novel data annotation workflow is developed to ensure the high quality of labels. Then, an active learning–based model training strategy is adopted to enable the model to have both the abilities of generalization and discrimination on different defect features. Besides, an innovative informativeness assessment method is proposed by flexibly combining the degree of uncertainty and the degree of representativeness. Through the proposed method, the performance of façade defects detection can be further boosted with the same amount but more informative training data so that the cost‐efficiency of human annotation work can be improved.
Self‐reported gastrointestinal disorders among veterans with gulf war illness with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Malhotra D. , Boyle S. H. , Gifford E. J. , Sullivan B. A. , Nguyen Wenker T. H. , ABS Nono‐Djotsa , Ahmed S. T. , Upchurch J. , Vahey J. , Stafford C. , Efird J. T. , Hunt S. C. , Bradford A. , Sims K. J. , Hauser E. R. , Helmer D. A. , Williams C. D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi‐symptom disorder affecting 25%–32% of Gulf War veterans. Veterans with GWI disproportionately suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Given the increasing evidence supporting a gut‐brain axis, we explore the relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), GWI, and self‐reported GI disorders among GW veterans.MethodsVeterans from the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository responded to a mail‐based survey (N = 1058). They were stratified by GWI (Centers for Disease Control definition) and PTSD status. This yielded three groups: GWI−, GWI+/PTSD−, and GWI+/PTSD+. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographic and military characteristics examined associations between GWI/PTSD groups and GI disorders. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Key ResultsThe most frequently reported GI disorders were irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and colon polyps (CP). The GWI+/PTSD+ group had a higher odds of these disorders than the GWI+/PTSD− group (aORIBS = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.93–5.05; aORGERD = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.44–2.90; aORCP = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23–2.80), which had a higher odds of these disorders than the GWI− group (aORIBS = 4.38, 95% CI: 1.55–12.36; aORGERD = 2.51 95% CI: 1.63–3.87; aORCP = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.53–4.32).Conclusions & InferencesGW veterans with GWI and PTSD have significantly higher odds of specific self‐reported GI disorders than the other groups. Given the known bidirectional influences of the gut and brain, these veterans may benefit from a holistic healthcare approach that considers biopsychosocial contributors to the assessment and management of disease.
The ghrelin agonist, HM01 activates central vagal and enteric cholinergic neurons and reverses gastric inflammatory and ileus responses in rats
Authors: Yuan Pu‐Qing , Wu S. Vincent , Wang Lixin , Taché Yvette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectrical vagal stimulation alleviates abdominal surgery (AS)‐induced intestinal inflammation. Ghrelin receptors (GHS‐Rs) are expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues. We investigated the influence of HM01, an orally active ghrelin agonist crossing the blood–brain barrier, on AS‐induced gastric inflammation and emptying (GE) in rats.MethodsHM01 (6 mg/kg) or saline pretreatment was administered per orally (po) or intraperitoneally (ip). We assessed GE, gastric cytokine mRNA, and Fos positive cells in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and gastric corpus myenteric plexus (MP) in sham (anesthesia alone) and AS groups. The transcripts of GHS‐R1 variants were determined in the medulla oblongata and gastric corpus of naïve rats.Key resultsIn vehicle pretreated rats, HM01 (ip) significantly increased the number of Fos immunoreactive cells in the MP and DMN in 55% and 52% of cholinergic neurons respectively. Hexamethonium did not modify HM01‐induced Fos expression in the DMN while reducing it in the MP by 2‐fold with values still significantly higher than that in control groups. AS upregulated gastric IL‐1β and TNFα expression and inhibited GE by 66.6%. HM01 (po) abolished AS‐induced gastric ileus and increased cytokine expression and elevated IL‐10 by 4.0‐fold versus vehicle/sham. GHS‐R1a mRNA level was 5.4‐fold higher than the truncated GHS‐R1b isoform in the brain medulla and 40‐fold higher in the gastric submucosa/muscle layers than in the mucosa.Conclusions and inferencePeripheral HM0 activates central vagal and myenteric cholinergic pathways that may influence both central and peripheral targets to prevent AS‐induced gastric inflammatory and ileus.
Complex climate‐mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Xie Yingying , Ellison Aaron M. , Lyra Goia M. , Davis Charles C. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryUrbanization can affect the timing of plant reproduction (i.e. flowering and fruiting) and associated ecosystem processes. However, our knowledge of how plant phenology responds to urbanization and its associated environmental changes is limited.Herbaria represent an important, but underutilized source of data for investigating this question. We harnessed phenological data from herbarium specimens representing 200 plant species collected across 120 yr from the eastern US to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of urbanization on flowering and fruiting phenology and frost risk (i.e. time between the last frost date and flowering).Effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology varied significantly in direction and magnitude across species ranges. Increased urbanization led to earlier flowering in colder and wetter regions and delayed fruiting in regions with wetter spring conditions. Frost risk was elevated with increased urbanization in regions with colder and wetter spring conditions.Our study demonstrates that predictions of phenological change and its associated impacts must account for both climatic and human effects, which are context dependent and do not necessarily coincide. We must move beyond phenological models that only incorporate temperature variables and consider multiple environmental factors and their interactions when estimating plant phenology, especially at larger spatial and taxonomic scales.
The eTM–miR858–MYB62‐like module regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis under low‐nitrogen conditions in Malus spectabilis
Authors: Meng Jiaxin , Wang Han , Chi Rufei , Qiao Yuhang , Wei Jun , Zhang Yuqin , Han Meiling , Wang Yu , Li Houhua 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The anthocyanin content increases in Malus spectabilis leaves under low‐nitrogen conditions. Noncoding RNAs are indicated to play key regulatory roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the functional roles of noncoding RNAs in anthocyanin biosynthesis under low‐nitrogen conditions remain elusive.
In this study, miR858 was screened as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis under low‐nitrogen conditions through whole‐transcriptome sequencing. Then, we used miR858 as an entry point to explore the regulatory network of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA by dual‐luciferase reporter assays and GUS histochemical staining assays, as well as to identify the mechanism of this regulatory network in anthocyanin biosynthesis by both transient and stable transformation experiments in Malus.
MiR858 overexpression increased total anthocyanin content. MiR858 acted by negatively regulating its target gene, MsMYB62‐like, under the low‐nitrogen condition. MsMYB62‐like inhibited the expression of MsF3′H, thereby negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, eTM858‐1 and eTM858‐2 were identified as endogenous target mimics of miR858 that bind to miR858 to prevent cleavage of MsMYB62‐like and thereby negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
The results clarify the mechanism through which the eTM–miR858–MYB62‐like module regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus under low‐nitrogen conditions.
Factors affecting risk‐taking behaviors among sexually active adolescents tested for HIV/STD
Authors: Mahat Ganga , Kelly Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this secondary data analysis was to identify potential contributors to high‐risk sexual behaviors among sexually active adolescents who were tested for HIV and STDs compared to those who did not test for HIV and STDs.MethodData from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was used to explore potential predictors of risky behaviors among those tested for HIV/STD. A sample size of 3226 from the YRBS data base was used to explore predictors using Chi‐square and logistic regressions analyses.ResultsMost adolescents reported not being tested for HIV (77.4%) and STD (83.9%). There were statistical differences between those tested for HIV and condom use, sexual intercourse before the age of 13 years, sexual intercourse with multiple people, and use of marijuana. Similar findings were found with adolescents tested for STDs.ConclusionFindings of this study support the recommendations for a better understanding of the associations between drug use, early initiation of sexual activity, and condom use. Development of appropriate public health educational interventions can help decrease risky behaviors among these adolescents.
Algorithm development to improve intervention effectiveness for parents with mental health signs and symptoms
Authors: Austin Robin R. , Van Laarhoven Elizabeth , Hjerpe Anna C. , Huling Jared , Mathiason Michelle A. , Monsen Karen A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn this study we aimed to describe and compare groups formed by a rules‐based algorithm to prospectively identify clients at risk of poor outcomes in order to guide tailored public health nursing (PHN) intervention approaches.DesignData‐driven methods using standardized Omaha System PHN documentation.SampleClients ages 13–40 who received PHN home visiting services for both the Caretaking/parenting and Mental health problems (N = 4109).MeasurementWe applied a theory‐based algorithm consisting of six rules using existing Omaha System data. We examined the groups formed by the algorithm using standard descriptive, inferential statistics, and Latent Class Analysis.ResultsClients (N = 4109) were 25.1 (SD = 5.9) years old and had an average of 7.3 (SD = 3.2) problems, 250 (SD = 319) total interventions, and 32 (SD = 44) Mental health interventions. Overall outcomes improved after PHN interventions (p < .001 for all) and having more Mental health signs/symptoms was negatively associated with outcome scores (p < .001 for all).ConclusionsThis algorithm may be helpful in identifying high‐risk clients during a baseline assessment who may benefit from more intensive mental health interventions. Findings show there is value using the Omaha System for PHN documentation and algorithm clinical decision support development. Future research should focus on algorithm implementation in PHN clinical practice.
Galactolipid composition of the star‐shaped dinoflagellate Asterodinium gracile (Kareniaceae): presence of hexadecatetraenoic acid (16:4(n‐3))‐containing monogalactosyldiacylglycerol as the predominant galactolipid and chemotaxonomic closeness to Karenia mikimotoi as the only other known Kareniacean producer of this fatty acid
Authors: Leblond Jeffrey D. , Hollingsworth Braedyn E. , Ayoub Daniel , Mckinnon Mackenzie B. , Myers Chelsea S. , Busari Tawakalit J. , Sabir Kyra 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYAsterodinium gracile is a morphologically distinct, star‐shaped member of the Kareniaceae with, like canonical Kareniaceae, a tertiary plastid of haptophyte origin. However, A. gracile's complement of carotenoid photosynthetic pigments has been shown to be chemotaxonomically atypical in that it possesses much less fucoxanthin when compared to that of other, canonical Kareniaceae in the genera Karenia, Karlodinium, and Takayama, also with a tertiary plastid of haptophyte origin. To date, Karenia mikimotoi, Karenia papilionacea, and Karenia selliformis are the only canonical Kareniaceae that have been shown to have a chemotaxonomically atypical carotenoid pigment composition in that they possess a gyroxanthin diester‐like carotenoid not observed in other species of Karenia, Karlodinium, or Takayama (recognizing that Karenia, in general, produces fucoxanthin derivatives not observed in Karlodinium or Takayama). As a photosynthetic organism, K. mikimotoi has been shown to resemble Karenia brevis such that both species possess the chloroplast‐associated galactolipids mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively) enriched with octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5(n‐3)) in the sn‐1 position, and hexadecenoic acid (16:0) and tetradecanoic acid (14:0) at the sn‐2 position. However, K. mikimotoi is chemotaxonomically atypical beyond its carotenoid composition in that it possesses MGDG and DGDG with hexadecatetraenoic acid (16:4(n‐3)), which has not been observed in any other members of the Kareniaceae, in the sn‐2 position as major galactolipids. The goal of this study was to characterize the galactolipids of A. gracile with the hypothesis that they would also be atypical when compared to other canonical Kareniaceae because of A. gracile's atypical carotenoid pigment composition. To this end, we report that like K. brevis and K. mikimotoi, A. gracile produces MGDG and DGDG enriched in 18:5(n‐3) at the sn‐1 position and C14 fatty acids, such as 14:0, at the sn‐2 position, and like K. mikimotoi, it produces 18:5(n‐3)/16:4(n‐3) MGDG, yet here as its most abundant galactolipid.
Reassortant viruses threatening fish aquaculture
Authors: Valero Yulema , Cuesta Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAquaculture provides more than half of fish destined for human consumption worldwide. In aquaculture, infectious diseases triggered by viruses are amongst the major cause of mortality of farmed fish. The cohabitation of different virus strains in the same geographical area opens the possibility to natural reassortment. Virus reassortment is a characteristic recombination process of segmented viruses in which different viruses merge their genome by the shuffling of complete segments. This is possible when two or more viral strains are cohabitating into a single host, boosting their probability to concatenate their viral cycles, getting to pack segments from distinct parental strains. Cohabitation of different viruses in a geographical area, and therefore the possibility of natural reassortment, has been aided by the increment in the transport of eggs and larvae between facilities around the world. Reassortant viruses have been described to show special tropisms for fish species opposed from those affected by parental virus strains, entailing an emerging threat for aquaculture but also for wild populations. To date, outbreaks of reassortant strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, nodavirus (NNV), infectious salmon anaemia virus and tilapia lake virus have been described. Unfortunately, only the characterization of reassortant NNV has been explored. The aim of this review is compiling the information available concerning reassortant viruses affecting fish species of relevance for aquaculture highlighting their potential impact for the sector. Additionally, recent research advances in host‐NNV interaction are also included.
Value relations sans evaluative grounds
Authors: Garcia Andrés G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractI argue that there can be value relations without individual values to support them. The fact that an item is better than another item does not have to be explained by reference to the values of the individual items. Instead, value relations can be grounded directly and exhaustively in descriptive facts about their relata. I show that my suggestion fits well with plausible perspectives on the nature of values and reasons, respectively. One of them is the fitting‐attitudes view, according to which facts about value and value relations are facts about reasons for attitudes. The other is the descriptive view, according to which facts about reasons for attitudes can be grounded directly and exhaustively in descriptive considerations.
Yield prediction in spring barley from spectral reflectance and weather data using machine learning
Authors: Petersen Carsten T. , Langgaard Mette Kramer , Petersen Søren D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate preharvest yield estimation is an important issue for agricultural planning purposes and precision farming. Machine learning (ML) based on readily obtained information on the cropping system, typically including spectral reflectance measurements, is an essential approach for achieving practical solutions. We tested in a 9‐year soil compaction experiment the accuracy of ML‐based yield predictions made up to 2 months before harvest from a Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and recordings of precipitation and reference evapotranspiration. The applied data set comprises 224 combinations of plots and years with measured grain yields in the range of 4.22–9.34 Mg/ha. The best ML model [i.e., with the smallest mean absolute error (MAE)] was selected automatically by the AutoML interface included in the R program package H2O. Its cross‐validated predictions made on June 30 more than 1 month before harvest showed an MAE of 0.38 Mg/ha when trained on all data from all years except the one under consideration. MAE increased to about 0.68 Mg/ha when determined 3 weeks earlier on June 10. MAE values in the range of 0.32–0.42 Mg/ha were obtained for predictions made on June 30 when based on data from at least six consecutive years; however, MAE showed no generally decreasing trend with the number of years. Yield estimations were robust towards a considerable soil variation observed within the experimental area due in part to the experimental treatments. The results show a potential of making yield predictions in barley 1–2 months before harvest, which, however, is not sufficiently early to support decisions on top‐dress N fertilization.
Critical appraisal of knowledge, attitude and practice studies for blood donation in India
Authors: Chaurasia Rahul , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Pandey Hem Chandra , Palanisamy Suganya , Naseer Lubna , Chopra Sapna , Gupta Vidushi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA critical appraisal of the literature helps to assess the strength and weakness of the research and suggests ways to improve future research. Our aim was to critically appraise the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies conducted in India for blood donation.Materials and MethodsOf 70 articles identified in our search on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, 32 were assessed for quality using an appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS) and questionnaire items.ResultsQuality assessment revealed that only 6 of 32 studies had acceptable reporting (≥80% score on the AXIS tool). The most frequently identified shortcomings were failure to address the non‐responders, lack of justification for sample size, assessment of outcome variables and demographic results for the survey. Our evaluation of questionnaires revealed that knowledge for need for blood donation, its benefits and site/place for blood donation were assessed by very few studies. With this, issues such as parental/family consent, religious beliefs, and indifference to blood donation process were amongst the common reasons for non‐donation. Many studies also failed to ask questions related to procedural information/instructions, which are necessary for promoting voluntary blood donations.ConclusionMost published KAP studies for blood donation in India were not appropriately described, especially the methodology and result section. These deficiencies could have led to suboptimal interpretation of the prevalent issues. Use of an open‐ended and validated KAP questionnaire with a problem‐based approach and inclusion of participants from various socio‐cultural backgrounds is required for good quality of evidence.