bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact circularly polarized microstrip patch filtenna based on reusable dual‐mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity
Authors: Yan Dong , Yuan Kang‐Hong , Hu Kun‐Zhi , Chen Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a compact circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch filtenna designed by reusing dual‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is proposed. The dual‐mode SIW cavity, operating at its TE120 and TE210 modes, can be used not only as the first stage resonator of the filtering network but also feeds the four microstrip patches working at their TM10 and TM01 modes. A pair of asymmetric perturbed posts is inserted in the SIW cavity to perturb the electric field distributions of TE120 and TE210 modes so as to achieve one axial ratio (AR) minima. The other AR minima is realized by sequentially exciting the four orthogonal microstrip patches via the four rectangular slots that are etched on the top surface of the SIW cavity. In addition, four metal posts penetrated the SIW cavity is employed to improve the impedance matching. For verification, a CP filtenna prototype centered at 5.13 GHz is designed, manufactured, and tested. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, demonstrating a fractional impedance bandwidth of 6.9% (4.95–5.3 GHz), a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 4.2% (5–5.21 GHz), and a maximum boresight realized gain of 8.4 dBic.
Anal incontinence following obstetric anal sphincter injury: Is there a difference between subtypes? A systematic review
Authors: Zacchè Martino Maria , Ghosh Jayasish , Liapis Ilias , Chilaka Chioma , Latthe Pallavi , Toozs‐Hobson Philip 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsObstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is associated with long‐term anal incontinence (AI). We aimed to address the following questions: (a) are women with major OASI (grade 3c and 4) at higher risk of developing AI when compared to women with minor OASI (grade 3a and 3b)? (b) is a fourth‐degree tear more likely to cause AI over a third‐degree tear?MethodsA systematic literature search from inception until September 2022. We considered prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cross‐sectional and case‐control studies without language restrictions. The quality was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to measure the effect of different grades of OASI.ResultsOut of 22 studies, 8 were prospective cohort, 8 were retrospective cohort, and 6 were cross‐sectional studies. Length of follow‐up ranged from 1 month to 23 years, with the majority of the reports (n = 16) analysing data within 12‐months postpartum. Third‐degree tears evaluated were 6454 versus 764 fourth‐degree tears. The risk of bias was low in 3, medium in 14 and high in 5 studies, respectively. Prospective studies showed that major tears are associated with a twofold risk of AI for major tears versus minor tears, while retrospective studies consistently showed a risk of fecal incontinence (FI) which was two‐ to fourfold higher. Prospective studies showed a trend toward worsening AI symptoms for fourth‐degree tears, but this failed to reach statistical significance. Cross‐sectional studies with long‐term (≥5 years) follow‐up showed that women with fourth‐degree tear were more likely to develop AI, with an RR ranging from 1.4 to 2.2. Out of 3, 2 retrospective studies showed similar findings, but the follow‐up was significantly shorter (≤1 year). Contrasting results were noted for FI rates, as only 5 out of 10 studies supported an association between fourth‐degree tear and FI.ConclusionsMost studies investigate bowel symptoms within few months from delivery. Data heterogeneity hindered a meaningful synthesis. Prospective cohort studies with adequate power and long‐term follow‐up should be performed to evaluate the risk of AI for each OASI subtype.
The searchscape of fear: A global analysis of internet search trends for biophobias
Authors: Correia Ricardo A. , Mammola Stefano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Human relationships with nature may sometimes manifest through fear, disgust and other disease‐avoidance mechanisms. While there is an evolutionary utility to these so‐called ‘biophobias’, many people exhibit phobic responses towards organisms that pose no tangible threats, potentially leading to excessive anxiety and avoidance of interactions with nature. Understanding the drivers of the prevalence and spread of biophobias in modern societies is, therefore, a growing concern.

Here, we posit that online information‐seeking patterns may reveal general insights into biophobias. Using a culturomics approach, we gathered temporal (2004–2022) and country‐level data on the volume of internet searches for 25 biophobias, as well as 25 general phobias acting as a benchmark group. We explored temporal trends in the volume of search for each biophobias and modelled relationships between search volume for biophobias and five country‐level variables.

We observed a steady increase in online search volume for biophobias between 2004 and 2022. Yet, there were marked differences in individual trends, with 17 biophobias showing positive, three negative and five stationary temporal trends. Arachnophobia (fear of spiders) attracted the most interest, followed by mysophobia (fear of microbes) and parasitophobia (fear of parasites).

The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Mexico and India recorded wide interest in most biophobias, whereas 49% of countries showed no search volume for any biophobia. Search patterns for biophobias were strongly associated with the percentage of urban population, urban population growth and the number of extant venomous species in a given country. Conversely, search patterns for biophobias were weakly correlated with the incidence of anxiety disorders in a country's population and the likelihood of encounters with venomous animals.

Our results provide quantitative support to the hypothesis that biophobias are broadly prevalent and possibly increasing as a result of widespread urbanisation and loss of experiences with nature. We suggest that people affected by biophobic disorders may be using the Internet as a key venue to seek relevant information to appraise their condition and identify coping mechanisms. These findings have broad ramifications for understanding and mitigating human–wildlife conflicts and the prevalence of widespread biophobic sentiments in modern societies.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Crane Jacquelyn N. , Haduong Josephine H. , Rudzinski Erin R. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Dasgupta Roshni , Linardic Corinne M. , Weiss Aaron R. , Venkatramani Rajkumar ,   the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the United States, approximately 850–900 children and adolescents each year are diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas (STS). STS are divided into rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and non‐rhabdomyosarcoma STS (NRSTS). RMS and NRSTS are risk stratified into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk categories, with 5‐year survival rates of approximately 90%, 50%–70%, and 20%, respectively. Recent key achievements from the Children's Oncology Group (COG) STS Committee include the identification of new molecular prognostic factors for RMS, development and validation of a novel risk stratification system for NRSTS, successful completion of a collaborative NRSTS clinical trial with adult oncology consortia, and collaborative development of the INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT). Current COG trials for RMS are prospectively evaluating a new risk stratification system that incorporates molecular findings, de‐intensification of therapy for a very low‐risk subgroup, and augmented therapy approaches for intermediate‐ and high‐risk RMS. Trials for NRSTS exploring novel targets and local control modalities are in development.
Enhancement of interfacial properties of HMCF composites by constructing of rigid‐flexible interphase through naphthalenediimide with different flexible chain lengths
Authors: Ling Hui , Zhen Ziting , Sun Yuhang , Li Gang , Wang Chao , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNaphthalenediimide copolymers with long, middle and short flexible chain lengths (LN, MN and SN) were designed and used to construct rigid‐flexible interphase on high‐modulus carbon fiber (HMCF) surface, and the interfacial performance and interphase reinforcing mechanism of composites were explored. Compared with desized HMCF (HMCF‐desized), the surface activity and roughness of HMCF‐LN, HMCF‐MN and HMCF‐SN were gradually increased. In contrast to HMCF‐LN and HMCF‐MN composites, wider transit‐modulus platform and increased interphase thickness were detected in HMCF‐SN composites, the improved deformation and decreased thermal residual stress from rigid‐flexible interphase were obtained. The highest improvement of transverse fiber bundle test strength (TFBT) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of HMCF‐SN composites were achieved, which was ascribed to the effective relaxation of interfacial stress and stronger chemical interaction of HMCF‐SN with matrix by the reduced flexible chain lengths and the increased functionality of SN copolymers.Highlights
Rigid‐flexible interphase was constructed by naphthalenediimide copolymers.
Wider transit‐modulus platform was detected in HMCF‐SN composites.
Improved deformation and decreased residual stress of interphase were obtained.
The interfacial performance of HMCF‐SN composites were greatly improved.
Reaction‐induced morphology control in block copolymers
Authors: Robertson Mark , Dunn Carmen B , Qiang Zhe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractControlling the self‐assembly behaviors of block copolymers (BCPs) is a focal point of many research thrusts due to their broad use in various applications. While BCP molecular weight, volume fraction, and chemical identities are key thermodynamic parameters to determine their morphology, an emergent method in this area is through reaction‐induced changes to the characteristics of a BCP in situ, which provides access to multiple morphologies and domain sizes from a single parent polymer, as well as enabling the formation of metastable morphologies which may be difficult to attain otherwise. This work provides a focused review about the current state of reaction‐induced morphology control in BCPs in both solution and solid states. Furthermore, we provide a forward‐looking perspective on the future opportunities of understanding and employing reaction engineering to manipulate and advance BCP self‐assembly. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Biological control of Cimex lectularius with Beauveria bassiana: Effects of substrate, dosage, application strategy, and bed bug physiology
Authors: Aak Anders , Hage Morten , Rukke Bjørn Arne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCimex lectularius L. (bed bug) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) is a serious indoor pest worldwide, and this nuisance needs to be controlled using different methods in integrated pest management (IPM). Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) kills bed bugs, and insect pathogenic fungi may be utilized to control bed bugs in IPM. To increase knowledge of this methodology, forced exposure experiments were conducted with different formulations, doses, and substrates, using bed bugs in variable physiological states.ResultsBoth oil‐ and water‐formulated fungal products showed significant improvement when conidial concentrations were raised in five steps from 0.02 to 2.0%. At low concentrations (0.02% in water) effects from substrate and application strategy were observed. Application on soft substrates (cotton and polyester) yielded significantly higher bed bug mortality rates than on harder substrates (paper, wood, and linoleum) with a final mortality of 35–63% against 8–10%. Multiple applications over time also improved B. bassiana's ability to kill bed bugs, and at low concentrations only a triple application on cotton showed 100% final mortality. Bed bug age and reproductive status significantly affected survival. Older and reproducing individuals showed higher mortality compared to newly emerged adults. Differences in feeding status also yielded differences in mortality timing, but only minor differences in final mortality rates. Egg production and hatching success were significantly reduced by some treatments.ConclusionB. bassiana appears to be an asset in the fight against bed bugs. Substrate, dosage, application strategy, and bed bug physiology are important factors to consider for optimal efficacy and safe indoor control with insect pathogenic fungi. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Two‐sample inference procedures under nonproportional hazards
Authors: Tai Yi‐Cheng , Wang Weijing , Wells Martin T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new two‐sample inference procedure to assess the relative performance of two groups over time. Our model‐free method does not assume proportional hazards, making it suitable for scenarios where nonproportional hazards may exist. Our procedure includes a diagnostic tau plot to identify changes in hazard timing and a formal inference procedure. The tau‐based measures we develop are clinically meaningful and provide interpretable estimands to summarize the treatment effect over time. Our proposed statistic is a U‐statistic and exhibits a martingale structure, allowing us to construct confidence intervals and perform hypothesis testing. Our approach is robust with respect to the censoring distribution. We also demonstrate how our method can be applied for sensitivity analysis in scenarios with missing tail information due to insufficient follow‐up. Without censoring, Kendall's tau estimator we propose reduces to the Wilcoxon‐Mann–Whitney statistic. We evaluate our method using simulations to compare its performance with the restricted mean survival time and log‐rank statistics. We also apply our approach to data from several published oncology clinical trials where nonproportional hazards may exist.
A case of tracheobronchopathia ostochondorplastica
Authors: Mehta Asmita A. , Ashok Aditya , Haridas Nithya , Kunoor Akhilesh , Yesodharan Jyotsana 
Published: July 2023

Key messageTracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a disorder caused by the accumulation of calcium phosphate in the submucosa of large airways. Benign proliferation of bone and cartilage lead to the narrowing of airways. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic test for TO. It shows characteristic smooth nodules emerging from tracheal rings that never involves the posterior membranous wall.
Multidimensional assessment of regional inequality toward sustainable development
Authors: Yang Zhenshan , Fu Runde , Zhu Jiang , Sun Dongqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsidering various challenges and complexity in sustainable development, there is a need to enhance our understanding of the multidimensionality of spatial inequality (SI). This study proposed a multidimensional equality development index and empirically examined this using a case study of China. The dominant mode of SI has gradually changed from coastal–inland inequality to core–marginal inequality. The five dimensions of SI—economic vitality, innovation capacity, green growth capacity, social amenities, and inclusion and natural amenity—are correlated, and inequality in innovation capacity and economic vitality are major contributors to overall SI in China. A catching‐up effect in development exists across cities. The multidimensional inequalities are rooted in a geographical context and related to size, leading to differentiated evolutionary paths and trends. The proposed multidimensional assessment framework can be applied to other countries to reveal the complexity of inequality and enable the identification and management of barriers.
The Lupus Band Test: A Review of the Sensitivity and Specificity in the Diagnosis of Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ní Maolcatha Sarah , Nic Dhonncha Ellis , O’Connor Cathal , Dinneen Sinead , Heffron Cynthia C. B. B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The lupus band test (LBT) is a direct immunofluorescence (DIF) technique which shows a band of localised immunoglobulins at the dermo-epidermal junction in lesional, non-sun-exposed skin of patients with both systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), and in perilesional skin of patients with systemic LE. However, low sensitivity and poor concordance between histological and clinical diagnoses warrant a review of the application of the LBT in the diagnosis of LE.

Objectives
To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the LBT in diagnosing LE following clinico-pathological correlation (CPC).

Methods
All cases sent to our pathology department between 2011 and 2018 for DIF with a clinical query of LE were reviewed. Data collection included demographic details, pathology requests, histology and DIF reports, clinical reports and diagnoses, and serology.

Results
Of 256 histology requests, 9% (n = 23) had a positive LBT. This was discordant with the prevalence of LE diagnosis, as 46.3% were diagnosed with LE following CPC. The sensitivity and specificity of the LBT for LE was 17.6% and 98.8% respectively, with a positive predictive value of 92.9% and negative predictive value of 58.2%.

Conclusion
The LBT is not a sensitive diagnostic test for LE, but is highly specific, and should be considered as a supportive diagnostic tool for LE. This is the largest reported case series evaluating the efficacy of the LBT in the diagnosis of LE.
A New Antioxidant with Higher Activity at Elevated Temperature Based on Multiple Intramolecular Synergisms
Authors: Yu Shasha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new type of multifunctional antioxidant RSSPD was designed through combining four different antioxidant fragments. Pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) tests show that RSSPD has outstanding antioxidative activity especially at high temperature compared with both the traditional antioxidants and our reported antioxidant SSPD. From the comparison with different related formulations and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a complicated intramolecular synergism mechanism is proposed. The intramolecular synergism between different primary antioxidants and the intramolecular synergism between primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants can be considered as the main reasons for the high antioxidative activity of RSSPD.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Present in Industrial Effluents: A Review
Authors: Islam Merajul , Kumar Sanjive , Saxena Neha , Nafees Amina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation has recently emerged as an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective strategy for treating dye‐contaminated water existing in the environment that has detrimental effects on the natural ecosystem and also affects human health. In this review article, the authors aim to provide an overview of the latest developments in photocatalysis processes for the purpose of dye degradation in industrial effluents. For this purpose, the photocatalyst materials are mainly classified into three generations: the first generation (1G), the second generation (2G), and the third generation (3G). The phenomena such as mass transfer, efficiency of the photo‐Fenton process, minimizing electron‐hole recombination, reducing pollution that is supplementary to byproducts, preventing inactivation due to poisoning, etc. are analyzed in depth to get efficient photocatalytic degradation of dye‐contaminated wastewater. A brief discussion on photocatalytic fuel cell technology and the simultaneous production of sustainable and renewable energy is emphasized. A more realistic approach for assessing the efficacy of various generations of photocatalysts in the process of dye degradation has been highlighted. This review article aims to examine the challenges and uncertainties associated with dye degradation in the photocatalytic process as well as provide a conceptual framework for the widespread implementation of this technology.
Si/Organic Integrated Narrowband Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Xu Zhuhua , Sun Chuying , Min Siyi , Ye Zilong , Zhao Cong , Li Jingzhou , Liu Zhenghao , Liu Youdi , Li Wen‐Di , Tang Man‐Chung , Song Qinghua , Fu H.Y. , Kang Feiyu , Li Jiangyu , Shen Yang , Yu Cunjiang , Wei Guodan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpectrally selective narrowband photodetection is critical for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging applications, such as for communicationand night‐vision utilities. It is a long‐standing challenge for detectors based on silicon, to achieve narrowband photodetection without integrating any optical filters. Here, this work demonstrates a NIR nanograting Si/organic (PBDBT‐DTBT:BTP‐4F) heterojunction photodetector (PD), which for the first time obtains the full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of only 26 nm and fast response of 74 µs at 895 nm. The response peak can be successfully tailored from 895 to 977 nm. The sharp and narrow response NIR peak is inherently attributed to the coherent overlapping between the NIR transmission spectrum of organic layer and diffraction enhanced absorption peak of patterned nanograting Si substrates. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) physics calculation confirms the resonant enhancement peaks, which is well consistent with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the relative characterization indicates that the introduction of the organic film can promote carrier transfer and charge collection, facilitating efficient photocurrent generation. This new device design strategy opens up a new window in developing low‐cost sensitive NIR narrowband detection.
Texas hunters' attitudes toward wild pigs (Sus scrofa) and their management: an applied approach for wildlife managers
Authors: Jaebker Lauren M. , Bright Alan D. , Ellis Hailey E. , Tomeček John M. , Frank Maureen G. , Connally Rachael L. , Shwiff Stephanie A. , Carlisle Keith M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChoosing and executing a wild pig management strategy is often a considerable challenge for wildlife managers due to the wide variety of potential strategies and stakeholder preferences. Our research aims to understand management preferences for and tolerance of wild pigs among Texas resident hunters within 8 managerial districts of Texas. We applied the Potential for Conflict Index (PCI2) to estimate potential management preference conflicts within each district. From 24,201 questionnaires completed in 2019, we found that, on average, 74% of respondents across all management actions in each district were found to be acceptable. Resident respondents were overall intolerant of wild pigs and were least tolerant in the San Angelo district. Study findings are useful in informing socially acceptable and contextually appropriate wild pig management plans. Our research serves as an approach that matches the units of analysis with the units of management for decision‐making.
Vectorlike leptons and long-lived bosons at the LHC
Authors: Bernreuther Elias , Dobrescu Bogdan A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study a renormalizable theory that includes a heavy weak-singlet vectorlike lepton, τ′, that decays into a pseudoscalar boson and a tau lepton. We show that this can be the dominant decay mode of τ′ provided the pseudoscalar couplings deviate from the case of a Nambu-Goldstone boson. For a range of parameters, the pseudoscalar is long-lived, and mainly decays into a photon pair at one loop, or into a tau pair at tree level. Electroweak production of τ′+τ′− leads to a rich phenomenology at colliders, including signals with many taus or photons. We analyze in detail the LHC signal involving two prompt taus and two displaced photon pairs. Particularly interesting is the case where the pseudoscalar has a decay length of a few meters and thus would typically deposit energy in the muon chambers of the CMS or ATLAS detectors.