bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Inelastic Scattering Effect in Spectra of Neutrinos at Regime of Weak Coupling with Matter
Authors: Kondratyev V. N. , Torekhan D. , Cherubini S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider an effect of inelastic scattering in nucleon gas on the energy spectra of neutrinos during an evolution weakly coupled with hot and dense magnetized matter of dynamoactive supernovae. At a finite temperature neutrinos exhibit exo-and endoenergetic scattering on magnetized nucleons due to the Gamow–Teller neutral current interaction component. On the basis of an analysis of energy transfer properties and cross-sections due to significant additional energy exchange mechanisms arising in a magnetized nucleon gas we obtain a kinetic equation for the neutrino dynamics. It is shown that the energy transfer value magnitude and coefficient change the sign from positive to negative when the incoming neutrino energy exceeds four times the temperature of the stellar material, and almost independs on the magnetic induction. For realistic stellar parameters such effects lead to an increase in the hardness of the neutrino energy spectra, especially for the heavy lepton component. It is shown that such strengthening of neutrino hard energies is favorable for supernova neutrino observations by Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes.
Elite female endurance athletes are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation compared to the general population: a matched cohort study
Authors: Drca Nikola , Larsson Susanna C , Grannas David , Jensen-Urstad Mats 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivePrevious studies have found that endurance sport activity is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in men. However, it remains unclear whether endurance sports also influence the risk of AF in women. We aimed to examine whether participation in endurance sports may affect the risk of AF in female athletes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched cohort study of top Swedish female endurance athletes (n=228) and reference individuals (n=1368) from the general population using the Swedish Total Population Register individually matched with a 6:1 ratio of female athletes. The athlete cohort was created by combining all Swedish women who ran the Stockholm Marathon faster than 3 hours 15 min in any of the races between 1979 and 1991, all women competing in the Swedish athletic national championships in the 10 000 metre race, and the top-ranked Swedish cyclists during the same period. We used the National Patient Register to determine whether the participants were diagnosed with AF.ResultsMean age at the start of follow-up was 32 (SD±8.5) years. During follow-up (mean 28.8 years; SD±4.4), 33 cases of AF were diagnosed, including 10 (4.4%) among athletes and 23 (1.7%) among references. The HR for female athletes compared with the reference population was 2.56 (95% CI 1.22 to 5.37) in the univariable model and 3.67 (95% CI 1.71 to 7.87) after adjustment for hypertension.ConclusionElite female endurance athletes are at increased risk of AF than the general population.
Using Days Alive and Out of Hospital to measure inequities and possible pathways for them after cardiovascular surgery in Aotearoa New Zealand: study protocol for a secondary data analysis
Authors: Boyle Luke , Curtis Elana , Paine Sarah-Jane , Tamatea Jade , Lumley Thomas , Merry Alan Forbes 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIn Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), socioeconomic status and being of Māori ethnicity are often associated with poorer health outcomes, including after surgery. Inequities can be partially explained by differences in health status and health system biases are hypothesised as important factors for remaining inequities. Previous work identified inequities between Māori and non-Māori following cardiovascular surgery, some of which have been identified in studies between 1990 and 2012. Days Alive and Out of Hospital (DAOH) is an emerging surgical outcome metric. DAOH is a composite measure of outcomes, which may reflect patient experience and longer periods of DAOH may also reflect extended interactions with the health system. Recently, a 1.1-day difference in DAOH was observed between Māori and non-Māori at a hospital in NZ across a range of operations.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a secondary data analysis using data from the National Minimum Data Set, maintained by the Ministry of Health. We will report unadjusted and risk-adjusted DAOH values between Māori and non-Māori using direct risk standardisation. We will risk adjust first for age and sex, then for each of deprivation (NZDep18), levels of morbidity (M3 score) and rurality. We will report DAOH values across three time periods, 30, 90 and 365 days and across nine deciles of the DAOH distribution (0.1–0.9 inclusive). We will interpret all results from a Kaupapa Māori research positioning, acknowledging that Māori health outcomes are directly tied to the unequal distribution of the social determinants of health.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was given by the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee. Outputs from this study are likely to interest a range of audiences. We plan to disseminate our findings through academic channels, presentations to interested groups including Māori-specific hui (meetings), social media and lay press.
Sex and gender differences in healthcare utilisation trajectories: a cohort study among Quebec workers living with chronic pain
Authors: Lacasse Anaïs , Nguena Nguefack Hermine Lore , Page M Gabrielle , Choinière Manon , Samb Oumar Mallé , Katz Joel , Ménard Nancy , Vissandjée Bilkis , Zerriouh Meriem 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesChronic pain (CP) is a poorly recognised and frequently inadequately treated condition affecting one in five adults. Reflecting on sociodemographic disparities as barriers to CP care in Canada was recently established as a federal priority. The objective of this study was to assess sex and gender differences in healthcare utilisation trajectories among workers living with CP.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsThis study was conducted using the TorSaDE Cohort which links the 2007–2016 Canadian Community Health Surveys and Quebec administrative databases (longitudinal claims). Among 2955 workers living with CP, the annual number of healthcare contacts was computed during the 3 years after survey completion.OutcomeGroup-based trajectory modelling was used to identify subgroups of individuals with similar patterns of healthcare utilisation over time (healthcare utilisation trajectories).ResultsAcross the study population, three distinct 3-year healthcare utilisation trajectories were found: (1) low healthcare users (59.9%), (2) moderate healthcare users (33.6%) and (3) heavy healthcare users (6.4%). Sex and gender differences were found in the number of distinct trajectories and the stability of the number of healthcare contacts over time. Multivariable analysis revealed that independent of other sociodemographic characteristics and severity of health condition, sex—but not gender—was associated with the heavy healthcare utilisation longitudinal trajectory (with females showing a greater likelihood; OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.1).ConclusionsOur results underline the importance of assessing sex-based disparities in help-seeking behaviours, access to healthcare and resource utilisation among persons living with CP.
Evaluation of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapies or targeted therapies: protocol for a single-arm, mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Lynch Fiona Anne , Rodin Gary , Jefford Michael , Duffy Mary , Lai-Kwon Julia , Heynemann Sarah , Mileshkin Linda , Briggs Lisa , Burke John , Leigh Lilian , Spelman Tim , Ftanou Maria 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPeople with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapies (IT) or targeted therapies (TT) may have improved outcomes in a subset of people who respond, raising unique psychological concerns requiring specific attention. These include the need for people with prolonged survival to reframe their life plans and tolerate uncertainty related to treatment duration and prognosis. A brief intervention for people with advanced cancer, Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM), could help people treated with IT or TT address these concerns. However, CALM has not been specifically evaluated in this population. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of CALM in people with advanced NSCLC treated with IT or TT and obtain preliminary evidence regarding its effectiveness in this population.Methods and analysisTwenty people with advanced NSCLC treated with IT or TT will be recruited from Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Participants will complete three to six sessions of CALM delivered over 3–6 months. A prospective, single-arm, mixed-methods pilot study will be conducted. Participants will complete outcome measures at baseline, post-intervention, 3 months and 6 months, including Patient Health Questionnaire, Death and Dying Distress Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General and Clinician Evaluation Questionnaire. The acceptability of CALM will be assessed using patient experiences surveys and qualitative interviews. Feasibility will be assessed by analysis of recruitment rates, treatment adherence and intervention delivery time.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/82047/PMCC). Participants with cancer will complete a signed consent form prior to participation, and carers and therapists will complete verbal consent. Results will be made available to funders, broader clinicians and researchers through conference presentations and publications. If CALM is found to be acceptable in this cohort, this will inform a potential phase 3 trial.
Qualitative study exploring health care professionals’ perceptions of providing rehabilitation for people with advanced dementia
Authors: Hall Abigail J , Manning Fay , Goodwin Victoria 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ principles for providing and delivering rehabilitation interventions for people with advanced dementia.DesignThis was a qualitative study with three focus groups undertaken virtually. The data were analysed using a process of reflexive thematic analysis in order to gain an in-depth understanding of rehabilitation principles for this population.Setting and participants20 healthcare professionals who were specialists in treating and rehabilitating people with advanced dementia were recruited. These healthcare professionals had a wide range of experience in a variety of different settings including primary care, secondary care as well as specialist mental health teams. Purposive sampling focused on the requirement for participants to have significant experience of treating people with dementia. Participants were from the UK and Denmark. Data collection was undertaken during August and September 2022.ResultsThree overarching themes were developed following analysis—organisational culture, knowledge and personal values of the healthcare professional. The first explored how the culture of an organisation affects a person with advanced dementia as well as the healthcare professional. The organisation needed to promote positive approaches to person-centred care and provide effective situational leadership to embed such approaches. Knowledge was a key consideration and was closely linked to the personal values of the healthcare professional, which formed the final theme. This study suggests that the interrelationship of these three factors influences the outcomes for the person with dementia and effective outcomes required consideration of all domains.ConclusionsEffective interventions for people with advanced dementia require the healthcare professional to have the knowledge about dementia and positive personal values, but the culture of the organisation is also key to ensure that the healthcare professional is able to deliver successful interventions.
Therapeutic outcomes with surgical and medical management for primary aldosteronism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rocca Aldo , Gkaniatsa Eleftheria , Brunese Maria Chiara , Hessman Eva , Muth Andreas , Nwaru Bright I , Ragnarsson Oskar , Bobbio Emanuele , Esposito Daniela 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTreatment strategies for primary aldosteronism (PA) include unilateral adrenalectomy and medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists. Whether these two different treatment strategies are comparable in mitigating the detrimental effect of PA on outcomes is still debated.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and synthesise existing literature comparing clinical outcomes after treatment in patients with PA.Methods and analysisA systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, for studies published until December 2022. Observational and interventional studies will be eligible for inclusion. The quality of observational studies will be assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, while interventional studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Effective Practice Organization of Care tool. The collected evidence will be narratively synthesised. We will perform meta-analysis to pool estimates from studies considered to be homogeneous. Reporting of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Ethics and disseminationAs this study is based solely on the published literature, no ethics approval is required. This review will aim to provide some estimates on outcomes, including survival, rates of clinical and biochemical control, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as data on quality of life and renal function, in patients with PA treated surgically or with MR antagonists. The study findings will be presented at scientific meetings and will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022362506.
Long-term neurological complications in COVID-19 survivors: study protocol of a prospective cohort study (NeurodegCoV-19)
Authors: Araújo Natália , Silva Isa , Campos Patrícia , Correia Rita , Calejo Margarida , Freitas Pedro , Seco Mariana , Ribeiro Luís , Costa Ana Rute , Morais Samantha , Pereira Susana , Firmino-Machado João , Rodrigues Rita , Pais Joana , Ruano Luís , Lunet Nuno , Tedim-Cruz Vítor 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundEvidence suggests an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse performance on cognitive tests, and a higher risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia up to 6 and 12 months after infection, respectively. Longer follow-ups with comparison groups are needed to clarify the potentially increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases in COVID-19 survivors, namely those infected before mass vaccination.MethodsA prospective study started in July 2022 with four cohorts of 150 individuals each, defined according to SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation status between March 2020 and February 2021: cohort 1—hospitalised due to SARS-CoV-2 infection; cohort 2—hospitalised, COVID-19-free; cohort 3—infected, not hospitalised; cohort 4—not infected, not hospitalised. Cohort 2 will be matched to cohort 1 according to age, sex, level of hospitalisation care and length of stay; cohort 4 will be age-matched and sex-matched to cohort 3. Baseline, 1-year and 2-year follow-up evaluations will include: cognitive performance assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and neuropsychological tests; the assessment of prodromal markers of PD with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder single-question Screen and self-reported olfactory and gustative alterations; screening of PD with the 9-item PD screening questionnaire; gait evaluation with Timed Up&Go test. Suspected cases of cognitive impairment and PD will undergo a clinical evaluation by a neurologist. Frequency measures of neurological complications, prodromal markers and diagnoses of dementia and PD, will be presented. The occurrence of cognitive decline—the difference between baseline and 1-year MoCA scores 1.5 SD below the mean of the distribution of the variation—will be compared between cohorts 1 and 2, and cohorts 3 and 4 with OR estimated using multivariate logistic regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approval from the Ethics Committees of the health units Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos and Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, and informed consent is signed for participating. Results will be disseminated among the scientific community and the public.
Dietary metabolome profiles of a Healthy Australian Diet and a Typical Australian Diet: protocol for a randomised cross-over feeding study in Australian adults
Authors: Ferguson Jessica Jayne Anne , Clarke Erin , Stanford Jordan , Burrows Tracy , Wood Lisa , Collins Clare 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTraditional dietary assessment methods such as 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires rely on self-reported data and are prone to error, bias and inaccuracy. Identification of dietary metabolites associated with different dietary patterns can provide objective markers of whole diet patterns that account for metabolism and individual responses to dietary interventions. Additionally, few studies have investigated country-specific healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns using metabolomics. Therefore, the current study aims to identify urinary and plasma metabolites that characterise a ‘healthy’ (aligned with current national dietary guidelines) and an ‘unhealthy’ dietary pattern (Typical Australian Diet) in Australian adults.Methods and analysisThe Diet Quality Feeding Study (DQFS) is an 8-week cross-over feeding study that will recruit 40 healthy adults from the Hunter region (NSW, Australia). Data collected includes biospecimens (whole blood, urine, stool) for quantification of dietary metabolite biomarkers; questionnaires (medical history/demographic, physical activity, quality of life); physical measures (anthropometry, body composition, waist circumference, blood pressure, arterial pressure); skin carotenoids and dietary intake (24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaire). Participants will attend the research facility every 2 weeks (end of the run-in, each diet intervention and washout period) for collection of physical measures. All food will be provided to participants for each dietary intervention period, and participants will return to their usual diet during the run-in and washout periods. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and/or proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy will be used to identify metabolites in biospecimens associated with dietary intake.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (HNEHREC; 2022/ETH01649) and the University of Newcastle’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC; H-2022-0330). Findings will be disseminated to study participants, funding bodies supporting the DQFS, peer-review publications and presented at scientific conferences within the field of research.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001321730).
RECREATE: a study protocol for a multicentre pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in UK stroke services evaluating an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors (Get Set Go) with embedded process and economic evaluations
Authors: Airlie Jennifer , Burton Louisa-Jane , Copsey Bethan , English Coralie , Farrin Amanda , Fitzsimons Claire F , Holloway Ivana , Horrocks Judith , Johansson Jessica Faye , Mead Gillian , Moreau Lauren A , Ozer Seline , Patel Anita , Yaziji Nahel , Forster Anne 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSedentary behaviour (sitting or lying during waking hours without being otherwise active) is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes, including all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality in adults. Stroke survivors are consistently reported as being more sedentary than healthy age-matched controls, spending more hours sedentary daily and sustaining longer unbroken bouts of sedentary time. An evidence-based and clinically feasible intervention (‘Get Set Go’) was developed. A pragmatic definitive trial to evaluate Get Set Go was planned; however, due to the unprecedented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on National Health Service (NHS) services this study was reduced in size and scope to become an external pilot trial. We report the protocol for this external pilot trial, which aims to undertake a preliminary exploration of whether Get Set Go is likely to improve ability to complete extended activities of daily living in the first year post-stroke and inform future trial designs in stroke rehabilitation.Methods and analysisThis study is a pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm, external pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluations. UK-based stroke services will be randomised 1:1 to the intervention (usual care plus Get Set Go) or control (usual care) arm. Fifteen stroke services will recruit 300–400 stroke inpatient and carer participants, with follow-up at 6, 12 and 24 months. The proposed primary endpoint is stroke survivor self-reported Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale at 12 months. Endpoint analyses will be exploratory and provide preliminary estimates of intervention effect. The process evaluation will provide valuable information on intervention fidelity, acceptability and how it can be optimised.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by Yorkshire and The Humber – Bradford-Leeds Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 19/YH/0403). Results will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered prospectively on 01 April 2020 (ISRCTN ref:ISRCTN82280581).