bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CRAFT program: Clinical mentorship during first year of medical school can impact future career trajectory for choosing residency programs
Authors: Shidid Sarah , Abdelmajid Haram , Mekki Pakinam , Smith-Norowitz Tamar Anne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The CRAFT Program is a volunteer student-run clinical mentorship program that started in 2015 at an academic medical center in the Mid-Atlantic region. Clinical exposure during the first year of medical school may influence a student’s decision to pursue Internal Medicine for their residency program of choice.
Methods
First year medical school students (N = 77) at an academic medical center in the Mid-Atlantic region (freshman classes of 2020–2022) who participated in clinically reimagined apprenticeship for physician training (CRAFT) program were followed from freshman year until their medical school graduation. Information regarding first year mentor’s specialty and student’s match list data were collected. A retrospective chart analysis of CRAFT program volunteers was conducted. Exclusion Criteria consisted of students who did not match into residency and those who took gap years during medical school, where match data was unavailable.
Results
Students (51%) who participated in CRAFT matched into the same specialty of medicine as their CRAFT program mentors (P = 0.765, Chi Square Test). Of students (23%) who chose mentors in Internal Medicine, 50% matched into Internal Medicine residency programs (P < 0.0001, Chi Square Test). Our results demonstrate the importance of early clinical mentorship in medical school.
Conclusion
Clinical mentorship programs during the first year of medical school may be important for choosing future residency programs, leading to successful career goals. Timely engagement with mentors can be crucial in influencing career choices in the field of Internal Medicine.
Novel synthesis of AuPt bimetallic nanocubes combined with graphene quantum dots for non-enzymatic sensor of glucose determination by electrochemical method
Authors: Tran Quyen Thi Bich , Phan Trang Ngoc Thien , Nguyen Huynh Nhu , Ngo My Nguyen Tra , Pham Toan Duy , Bui Tuan Le Anh , Huynh Nguyen Le Thanh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, AuPt bimetallic nanocubes (AuPt NCBs) were successfully combined with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by a simple and easy-to-implement method at 80oC for 90 min. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 190oC for 8 h, using raw materials from wheat flour, which are environmentally friendly materials, available and abundant in nature. AuPt bimetallic nanocubes were obtained from the synthesis of Au nanocubes (Au NCBs), followed by AuPt nanoparticles obtained when reacted at 140oC for 2 h by hydrothermal method to form AuPt core/shell nanocubes (AuPt NCBs). Besides, the synthesized AuPt NCBs/GQDs nanocomposites were also characterized, shape, size and composition by: UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDX, XPS, and AFM. The obtained results show that the Au nanocubes (Au NCBs) have an average particle size of ~ 39 nm; the size of AuPt NCBs and GQDs nanoparticles are ~ 40–44 nm and ~ 3–5 nm in size, respectively. Furthermore, AuPt NCBs/GQDs nanocomposites are also used as non-enzymatic catalysts for the oxidation/reduction of glucose by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The obtained results indicate that the AuPt NCBs/GQDs nanocomposites with high catalytic activity are capable of detecting glucose in a wide concentration range from 10− 12 M to 1 M, with an extremely low limit of detection (LOD) of concentration glucose levels (~ 10− 12 M). Therefore, AuPt NCBs/GQDs are novel and promising nano-catalysts that can be applied as catalysts with high activity oriented to many fields such as environmental treatment, fuel energy cells, or sensors to make bio-chip devices for early diagnosis of serious diseases such as diabetes, gout or cancer, etc., in present and the future.
On the reduced GloSea6 hindcast skill in Northeast Asian Summer Rainfall associated with two extreme El Niño events
Authors: Hyun Seung-Hwon , Hwang Seung-On , An Soon-Il , Lee Johan , Hyun Yu-Kyung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, the GloSea6 hindcast (HCST) of UK Met Office is used to investigate how this climate model explains the features of such opposite teleconnections on the following summer in decaying periods for two extreme El Niño cases ('97/'98 and '15/'16). In addition, the associated atmospheric and oceanic characteristics are analyzed to explore the reason of the inaccurate simulation of GloSea6. Results show that the ocean-atmosphere patterns such as an intensified Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone (AAC) during both spring and summer in '98 HCST are broadly similar patterns to the observation in spite of the relatively weaker intensities of the atmospheric anomaly over monsoonal region and the northeast Asian summer rainfall anomaly (NASRA). Meanwhile, '16 HCST does not capture the observed spatial pattern of precipitation and SST. Actually, it simulates the teleconnection closer to '98 observation rather than '16 observation. '16 observation shows a weak formation of AAC and an extensive dry anomaly in the northeast Asia, but '16 HCST shows a meridional dipole of the rainband associated with AAC formation. The poor performance of the GloSea6 for the '16 case may be due to stronger simulated capacitor effect on the Indian Ocean than the observed, which is caused by higher sensitivity of atmospheric convective activity to the eastern equatorial Pacific SST and slower decaying of the warmed Indian Ocean during the spring season than the observation.
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening among Omani Women Attending a University Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kindi Rahma Al , Sumri Hana Al , Muhdhoori Tasneem Al , Mamari Khoula Al , Kalbani Mouza Al , Al-Azri Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and Pap smear screening among Omani women attending a tertiary clinic in Muscat, Oman, and to establish correlations with selected sociodemographic factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out at the clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, from October 2019 to February 2020. A total of 380 women were recruited. A validated Arabic-language questionnaire was utilized to collect data regarding the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer and related risk factors, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer screening and Pap smear testing.
Results: Of the 380 respondents, 85.5% and 55.0% had previously heard of cervical cancer and Pap smear testing, respectively; however, only 26.1% were knowledgeable concerning these topics. Knowledge scores were significantly associated with various sociodemographic factors, including marital status, and a previous awareness of cervical cancer (Odds Ratio >1, p <0.05). Only 20.5% had themselves previously undergone Pap smear testing; however, 74.5% reported being willing to undergo such screening in future.
Conclusions: Knowledge regarding cervical cancer-related risk factors and Pap smear screening was poor among a cohort of Omani women attending a tertiary clinic in Muscat, Oman. This may play a role in the increased frequency of cervical cancer cases observed in Oman over recent years. As such, a well-structured public awareness and educational program is recommended to raise awareness of this issue.
Synthetic CT and Dosimetry Uncertainty in CBCT-based Online Adaptive Radiotherapy For Pleural Metastases With Significant Inter-fractional Tumor Volume Reduction
Authors: Chiou Yu-Rou , Ji Jin-Huei , Shiau An-Cheng , Pan Chia-Hsin , Huang Chi-Hsien , Liang Ji-An , Lin Ting-Chun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Online adaptive radiotherapy (oART) dose calculation relies on synthetic computed tomography (sCT), which is significantly affected by anatomical changes. In this study, we present how significant inter-fractional tumor volume reduction can lead to uncertainties in sCT generation and dose distribution.
Methods
We exported the sCT and cone-beam CT (CBCT) images of each treatment session and analyzed a total of 20 adaptive plans. On each sCT, we overrode the CT number of the dissipated tumor volume with the CT number of the lungs. We recalculated each adaptive plan using the overridden sCT and compared the dose-volume histogram (DVH), Dmean, Dmax, and Dmin between the adaptive plans with the override and the adaptive plans without the override. We also applied linear regression analysis, percentage dose difference, and 2D gamma analysis to quantify and qualify dose variability.
Results
As the tumor volume shrank, the sCT at each radiotherapy session resembled the simulation CT and increasingly deviated from daily CBCT. Recalculated plans using the overridden sCT showed right-shifted DVH curves for the targets and right lung. Not only did the Dmean and Dmax of the targets and the right lung increase, but also the location of hotspots shifted toward the direction of tumor shrinkage and beam arrangement in the plans with the override.
Conclusion
As the pleural tumor volume reduced, the adaptive plans underestimated dose distribution and shifted the location of hotspots. Thus, for synthetic CT-based oART, if targets show unexpected drastic volume change, adaptive plans should be evaluated with caution, and re-simulation should be considered.
Model based on the automated AI-Driven CT quantification is effective for the diagnosis of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Qian Yali , Tao Yunxi , Wu Lihui , Zhou Changsheng , Liu Feng , Xu Shenglong , Miao Hongjun , Gao Xiucheng , Ge Xuhua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（RMPP）prediction is a challenging but clinically significant challenge. A model based on AI-derived quantitative determination of lung lesions extent on initial computed tomography (CT) scan and clinical indicators has the potential to facilitate early RMPP prediction in hospitalized children. In this study, we conducted a retrospective cohort as a training set including 126 children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) admitted to Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China from January 2019 to December 2020. We defined a constant Φ which can combine the volume and CT value of pulmonary lesions and be further used to calculate the logarithm of Φ to the base of 2 (Log2Φ). Finally, a clinical-imaging prediction model was developed using Log2Φ and clinical characteristics. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) was applied to performance evaluation. Then we conducted a prospective study including 54 children with MP as a test set to validate the predictive model for RMPP from January to December 2021. The clinical model yielded the AUC of 0.810 and 0.782, and the imaging model yielded the AUC of 0.764 and 0.769 in the training set and the test set, respectively. The clinical-imaging model combining Log2Φ, temperature(T), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), preadmission fever duration (PFD), and preadmission macrolides therapy duration (PMTD) produced the highest AUC values of 0.897 and 0.895 in the training set and the test set, respectively. Our work demonstrated that using automated quantification of lung disease at CT combined with clinical data in MPP is useful to predict RMPP.
Parasympathetic nervous function and prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study: WASEDA'S Health Study
Authors: Konishi Masayuki , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kawakami Ryoko , Tabata Hiroki , Tanisawa Kumpei , Sawada Susumu , Ito Tomoko , Tamura Yoshifumi , Ishii Kaori , Oka Koichiro , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Higuchi Mitsuru , Sakamoto Shizuo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose:Limited data are available on the relationship of parasympathetic nervous function with the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in men and women. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between diving reflex - markers of parasympathetic nervous function - with the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among men and women in WASEDA'S Health Study.
Methods: Participants were 199 men and 75 women who completed a medical examination, maximal exercise test, and diving reflex test. The participants were divided into tertiles based on the diving reflex indexes. The diving reflex indexes were the peak value of the R–R interval during the test (R–Rmax) and the relative difference between the baseline and peak response due to the test (R–Rchange). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were obtained using logistic regression models while adjusting for sex, age, body fat percentage, family history of diabetes, smoking status, and drinking status, sleeping hours, energy intake, and peak oxygen uptake.
Results: Forty-one participants had prediabetes (n=24) or diabetes (n=17). Using the lowest diving reflex indexes as reference, we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the outcomes if interests. We found inverse relationships between R-Rmax and prediabetes and diabetes (P for trend = 0.104) as well as R-Rchange and diabetes (P for trend = 0.023).
Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis, the data suggest diving reflex indexes, especially R-Rchange, may be related to the prevalence of diabetes.
The Interrelationship between Obesity and Race in Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schindler Emma Armstrong , Takita Cristiane , Collado-Mesa Fernando , Reis Isildinha M. , Zhao Wei , Yang George R. , Acosta Laura G. , Hu Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Obesity is associated with an increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and may contribute to worse outcomes. Black women experience higher obesity and breast cancer mortality rates than non-Black women. We examined associations between race, obesity, and clinical tumor stage with breast cancer prognosis.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in 1,110 breast cancer patients, using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the effects of obesity, race/ethnicity, and clinical tumor stage on progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS).
Results
22% of participants were Black, 64% were Hispanic White, and 14% were non-Hispanic White or another race. 39% of participants were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2). In univariable analyses, tumor stage III-IV was associated with worse PFS and OS compared to tumor stage 0-II (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.52–6.22 for PFS and HR = 5.92, 95% CI = 4.00-8.77 for OS). Multivariable analysis revealed an association between Black race and worse PFS in obese (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.06–4.51) and non-obese (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.05–4.21) women with tumors staged 0-II. Obesity alone was not associated with worse PFS or OS.
Conclusion
Results suggest a complex interrelationship between obesity and race in breast cancer prognosis. The association between Black race and worse PFS in tumor stages 0-II underscores the importance of early intervention in this group. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether alternative measures of body composition and biomarkers are better prognostic indicators than BMI among Black breast cancer survivors.
Dietary xylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens
Authors: Castro Carla , Niknafs Shahram , Gonzalez-Ortiz Gemma , Tan Xinle , Bedford Michael , Roura Eugeni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background.One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards. Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens. XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an Arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF) supplementation on gut function and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.MethodsA total of 128 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d: 1) control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet; or, 2) a control diet supplemented with 0.5% XOS and 1% AXRF. Each treatment was randomly distributed across eight pens (n = 8) with eight chickens each. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. On d 42, one male chicken per pen was selected based on average weight and euthanized, jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results.XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) from d 1 to 42 compared to the control group. Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 differentially abundant proteins (DAP) (adj.P < 0.00001) in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group. In the jejunum, the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue (e.g., inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways). In addition, DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation, and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.ConclusionsDietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation (hence, turnover), actin polymerization, and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.
Investigating the Effects of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy on Pancreatic Tumor Hypoxia and Microvasculature in an Orthotopic Mouse Model using Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Samuel Timothy , Rapic Sara , Lindsay Patricia , DaCosta Ralph S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Despite decades of improvements in cytotoxic therapy, the current standard of care for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) provides, on average, only a few months of survival benefit. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT), a technique that accurately delivers high doses of radiation to tumors in fewer fractions, has emerged as a promising therapy to improve local control of LAPC; however, its effects on the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia remain poorly understood. To explore how SBRT affects pancreatic tumors, we combined an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer with an intravital microscopy platform to visualize changes to the in vivo tumor microenvironment in real-time. Mice received SBRT (5×8Gy) or were left untreated and were imaged before and 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after treatment (n = 7–10/group). A fluorescent human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC3-DsRed) engineered to express GFP under hypoxic conditions (driven by hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF) was used to monitor tumor hypoxia. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed on tissues to validate in vivo data. Our findings demonstrate a persistent decrease in pancreatic tumor hypoxia as early as one day after SBRT. This coincided with a decrease in both tumor cell proliferation and cell density in the SBRT group. Reduced demand for oxygen after SBRT (due to cell death and growth arrest from treatment) significantly contributed to reoxygenation of the pancreatic TME. Understanding how this reoxygenation phenomenon occurs in a dose-dependent manner will help improve dosing and fractionation schemes for clinical SBRT.
3D Geological Modeling with Petrel Software: Estimating Original Oil in Place of Lower Cretaceous Y- Formation: A Case Study in a Selected Oilfield
Authors: Khashman Mohammed A. , Shirazi Hamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling for predicting reservoir performance and acquisition a better understanding of the unique characteristics of the Y- Formation (an important oil reservoir). The study uses geostatistics and computer visualization technology to quantitatively characterize various geological attributes in 3D space, storing the results as grid data. It focuses on building a 3D reservoir geological model of the X oilfield by using Petrel software. The model integrates data from 14 wells, including geology, geophysics, and petrophysics, to accurately depict the subsurface internal structure and reservoir heterogeneity. The data of the Y- Formation (Lower Cretaceous Carbonates) were taken from 14 wells of X Oilfield, Selected oilfield (Well-1, Well-2, Well-3, Well-5, Well-6, Well-9, Well-10, Well-11, Well-12, Well-13, Well-14, Well-15, Well-25, Well-34 and Well-35). The input data is used to build the structural model, Facies model, and Petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability, saturation, and N/G model), ultimately determining the reservoir volume. The 3D model visualizes the distribution of Petrophysical properties and classifies the formation into distinct layers or reservoir units (MA, MB, and MC). Petrophysical modeling for Y- Formation was set-up from values of CPI using Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm. This research has indicated the reliability of the three-dimensional model technique as a suitable tool to provide a sufficient understanding of Petrophysical distribution. Original oil in place (OOIP) refer to the volume of hydrocarbons initially stored in a reservoir prior to production. Volumetric approaches of estimating HIIP can be employed immediately after first discovery, before production initiates. The aim of the study is to estimate the oil in place from the available data in Y- Formation. After finalizing the Petrophysical distribution and applying the volumetric calculation, oil in place estimated by the geological model equal to (658 *106 SM3 or 4132.24 million barrels).
Interactions of coreopsin with CYP3A4/CYP2D6 by multi-spectroscopy analysis and computer simulation
Authors: lian di , tao yanzhou , Cui Jinging , Wang Meizi , wang suqing , li yuan , Du Yutong , Li Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, different spectral methods, molecular docking, dynamics simulation are applied for revealing the binding mechanisms of coreopsin to CYP3A4/CYP2D6. Coreopsin quenches CYPs mainly in static mode and supplement in dynamic mode. The Kb values of the CYPs are within 104 ~ 105 L·mol-1, indicating that coreopsin has moderate and stronger affinity with CYPs. Meanwhile, the binding ability of CYP3A4- coreopsin is stronger than that of CYP2D6-coreopsin at the same temperature. It is also demonstrated that coreopsin has significant effects on the secondary structure of CYPs through hydrogen bonds together with van der Waals force. The optimal binding mode, specific binding sites of the two complexes are determined by molecular docking, and stability of the two complexes formed by coreopsin and CYPs are verified using molecular simulation dynamics.