bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Folic Acid on The Newborn of Pregnant Women at Al-Najaf Government
Authors: Chyad Shukriyia Shedhan , Mohammed Abdulhadi Sallal , Salman Ruqayah Ali 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Across section analytic study was carried out to identify the effect of folic acid on birth of pregnant women at Al-Najaf government and to determine the statistical significant differences between folic acid and some variables.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (1054) of pregnant women was selected of Al-Zahra maturity pediatric hospital, data was collected through the interview of women. Question forma was designed and contained (3) parts demographic variables, reproductive variables and variables related to effect of folic acid.
Results: Descriptive and in fevential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that the age of women was ranged between (21-25) years and the highest percentage of them house wife (640). The result indicate that a significant association between takes folic acid and congenital anomalies. The present study was revealed that the percent of normal deliveries (38.9%), while in cesarean sections (58.8%). In normal deliveries the percent of congenital anomalies was (1.2%), and the percent of congenital anomalies in cesarean sections was (0.9%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant difference between taking folic acid and congenital anomalies.
Recommendation: According to these finding it is recommended to emphasize on prenatal care early as possible and education improve health services presented to the mother during pregnancy that the health team must take the role in reducing the incidence of congenital anomalies by taking folic acid.
Technical efficiency of insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner caterpillars in corn crops
Authors: Liaska Yu. 
Published: April 2023

Goal. To establish the effectiveness of the use of modern insecticides in corn crops against the cotton bollworm.
Methods. Determination of the technical efficiency of insecticides was carried out in field conditions. Treatment with chemical insecticides was carried out on the 3rd day after the mass flight of H. armigera once, with biological preparations — twice, during the period of mass revival of caterpillars. Observation of the pest after treatment with drugs was carried out on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day at the rate of ex./100 plants in four repetitions, by counting them on cobs, panicles and leaves. For the experiments, the Paradiz corn hybrid (mid-early) was used, the seeds of which were pre-treated at the plant with a fungicide Maksym XL 035 FS (fludioxonil, 25 g/l, metalaxyl-M, 10 g/l) — 1 l/t. The beginning and intensity of the flight of cotton bollworm adults was determined using pheromone traps. The collection of male imagos was carried out every three days after the start of the flight. Data on crop losses were based on the actually calculated indicators of each variant of the experiment. The reliability of the obtained results was determined using the mathematical and statistical method.
Results. In 2021—2022, when testing insecticides against cotton bollworm caterpillars on corn crops, the highest technical efficiency was provided by: Koragen 20 KS (chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/l) — 82.1% and Ampliho 150 ZC, FC (chlorantraniliprole 150 g/l, lambda-cyhalothrin 50 g/l) — 77.7%. The biological preparations of Lepidotsyd-BTU, r. (Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, serotype 3, titer 1.0 ќ 10 9 CFU/cm3) had the lowest technical efficiency — 48.2% and Bitoksybatsylin-BTU, r. (Bacilius thuringiensis var Thuringiensis, endospores — titer 1.0 ќ 10 9 CFU/ cm3) — 53.7%. When using the tested insecticides, the productivity of the Paradiz hybrid was higher compared to the control. When treated with Koragen 20 KS and Ampligo 150 ZC, FC, the yield increased by 0.480 and 0.320 t/ha. When treated with Radiant, CS (spinetoram, 120 g/l) and Belt 480 SC, CS (flubendiamide, 480 g∕l), — by 0.250 and 0.280 t/ha, respectively more. With the use of Liufoks 105 ES, e.c. (75 g/l fenoxycarb, 30 g/l lufenuron), Lepidotsyd-BTU, r. and Bitoksybatsylin-BTU, r., the amount of preserved corn grain yield was 0.190, 0.110 and 0.140 t/ha, respectively.
Conclusions. It was found that Koragen 20 KS (82.1%) and Ampligo 150 ZC, FK (7.7%) were the most effective insecticides against cotton bollworm caterpillars in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The specified drugs are used in low concentrations, and with the help of phytosanitary and instrumental monitoring in corn crops, treatment is recommended to be carried out once, which in turn allows to reduce the pesticide load on the ecosystem and prevents the development of resistance in phytophagous plants.
The effect of fungicides on the physiological and biochemical state of lupine plants after seed treatment
Authors: Borzykh O. , Tsurkan O. , Chervyakova L. , Panchenko T. 
Published: April 2023

Goal. To assess the effect of fungicides on the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase) in lupine plants after seed treatment.
Methods. Laboratory and vegetation studies were carried out in the laboratory of analytical chemistry of pesticides of pesticides of the Institute of Plant Protection. The seeds of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., variety Obriy) were treated with combined fungicides from different chemical classes: triazoles (cyproconazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, prothioconazole), phenylpyrroles (fludioxonil), carboxamides (carboxin), dithiocarbamates (thiram). Determination of the content of fungicides in plants was carried out using chromatographic methods of analysis. Chlorophyll content, peroxidase and catalase activity were determined by physicochemical methods according to generally accepted methods.
Results. Fungicides activated the antioxidant systems of plants, depending on their physicochemical properties (in particular, the octanol-water partition coefficient Kow) and their content in plants (C, mg/kg). An increase in peroxidase activity (up to 89% compared to the control) was established within 30 days, which indicates the activation of antioxidant processes aimed at maintaining oxidative homeostasis in plants. The change in catalase activity under the influence of fungicides was inversely correlated with peroxidase activity, which is explained by the formation of adaptive mechanisms of ROS homeostasis. The high activity of peroxidase, compared to catalase, testifies to the important role of this enzyme in the redox reactions of plant resistance under the influence of fungicides. The total chlorophyll content under the action of fungicides, increased by 6—20%, compared to the control.
Conclusions. Seed treatment with fungicides affects the course of redox reactions in plants, causing changes in the activity of key enzymes. The high activity of peroxidase against the background of fluctuations in catalase activity indicates the direct effect of fungicides on the state of antioxidant systems and the important role of peroxidase in maintaining ROS homeostasis. The stimulatory effect of fungicides on the accumulation of chlorophyll at the initial stages of growth of lupine plants was established, the content of which exceeded the control indicator by 6—20% by development phase. Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) and the content of chlorophyll can serve as criteria for determining the levels of adaptation of lupine plants to the stress effect of fungicides.
Induction of wheat resistance by Streptomyces sp. HU2014 strain
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Rozhkova T. 
Published: April 2023

Goal. To determine changes in the activity of enzymes (POD, PAL and GLU) of Triticum aestivum when Streptomyces sp. HU2014, Rhizoctonia cerealis G11 are introduced into the soil and their simultaneous application.
Methods. Laboratory: cultivation of microorganisms and wheat plants, introduction of actinomycetes and fungus into the soil. Physico-chemical: POD, PAL and GLU colorimetry. Analytical and mathematical: analysis of the obtained results and their statistical comparison.
Results. Changes in the activity of enzymes (POD, PAL and GLU) were noted in the leaves of wheat plants at different time intervals, compared to the control variant. The change manifested mostly in the increase of their activity. The maximum amount of enzyme activity was noted on one variety ZM22: on the third day of POD when inoculated according to the CKP scheme (15762.69 U/g) and GLU when introducing the microorganism into the soil according to the PF3 scheme (28.45 U/g); on the fourth day of the PAL study according to the treatment scheme PF3 (29.37 U/g). The induction of resistance was also determined by the wheat variety.
Conclusions. The activity of POD, PAL and GLU was determined by the plant treatment scheme, time period and genotype of the crop. In most cases, during soil treatment with microorganisms, the activity of all three studied enzymes from the leaves of three varieties of wheat increased in different periods of time, compared to the control. The activity of PAL enzyme increased to the greatest extent. It was established that the activity of the POD enzyme was mostly determined by R. cerealis and the dual use of microorganisms, the PAL enzyme by a strain of Streptomyces sp. HU2014, and the GLU enzyme — by inoculation with a phytopathogen and introduction of actinomycetes. That is, changes in the activity of all three enzymes were mostly determined by the strain of Streptomyces sp. HU2014. At the same time, it was shown that R. cerealis G11 mainly induced the defense system of AK58 and ZM22 varieties, and HU2014 induced the defense of BN307.
Rehabilitation experience of a patient with severe form of COVID-19 at the pulmonological climatic resort of the Southern Coast of Crimea
Authors: Dudchenko L. Sh. , Belyaeva S. N. , Solovieva E. A. , Ulchenko I. G. , Zhukova N. V. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The increase in the number of patients with post-COVID syndrome determines the relevance of their rehabilitation in sanatorium and resort institutions, of both local and climate-therapeutic resorts.Aim. To identify the possibility for the rehabilitation of patients with severe forms of COVID-19 in the conditions of the climatic pulmonological resort of the South Coast of Crimea in the winter season.Materials and methods. Clinical-anamnestic, laboratory, functional and computed-tomographic results of the examination of the thorax of a patient who had a severe form of COVID-19. Rehabilitation was carried out 21 days complexly using climatotherapy, therapeutic exercise, respiratory, medication and physiotherapy. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using a 6-minute step test, Borg scale, mMRC dyspnea scale, oxygen assessment chart, rating of health status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), dyspnea assessment index (DDI/TDI), questionnaires of life quality EQ-5D and SF-36.Results. At the end of the rehabilitation course, general well-being improved, shortness of breath decreased, exercise tolerance increased, positive dynamics of spirographic parameters, Borg scale scores and a 6-minute step test were noted. The indicators of depression on the HADS scale normalized, positive dynamics was noted according to the SF-36 questionnaire of the psychological component of health. The severity of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression according to the EQ-5D questionnaire decreased. The X-ray picture has improved. When determining the diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCО), an increase of 30% from the initial value was revealed.Conclusion. Rehabilitation of a patient who had a severe form of COVID-19 with bilateral lung damage in the conditions of the climatic pulmonology resort of the South Coast of Crimea in the winter season is effective. To assess the lung function of patients who have undergone COVID-19, the most effective method can be considered the determination of lung diffusion capacity (DLCО). Spirogram indicators do not always objectively reflect the severity of the condition.
Profile of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins expression in asthma patients under cold exposure
Authors: Naumov D. E. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAH) is a common condition in patients with asthma, which worsens the clinical course of the disease and the patients’ quality of life. MUC5AC and MUC5B are the main secreted mucins in the respiratory tract, which are involved in normal mucociliary clearance, but also capable of provoking the development of pathological changes in case of dysregulation of their balanced production.Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of MUC5AC and MUC5B expression during experimental cooling in patients with asthma depending on the status of CAH.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 98 subjects including 26 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis without exacerbation (control group) and 72 patients with asthma. The expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B and TRPM8 was determined in the upper respiratory tract by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The production of MUC5AC and MUC5B was also measured in sputum by ELISA. All patients underwent a bronchoprovocation test with isocapnic cold air hyperventilation to detect CAH, and a similar nasal challenge was performed to assess the effect of cooling on the expression of the studied genes.Results. Patients with asthma had 4.22-fold increase in the expression of MUC5AC (p=0.02) in the nasal epithelium as compared with the control group. CAH was associated with an initial 7.33-fold upregulation of MUC5AC (p=0.008) as well as with further increase in MUC5AC expression but a decrease in MUC5B in response to cooling, which was not observed in asthma patients without CAH. Basal TRPM8 expression was associated with baseline level of MUC5AC (ρ=0.41, p=0.04), MUC5B (ρ=0.55, p<0.001) and amount of sputum produced after the cold bronchoprovocation.Conclusion. Asthma patients with CAH demonstrate a more pronounced imbalance in the production of mucins, which is aggravated by cold exposure. This, in turn, can lead to a number of pathological disorders associated with a more severe course of the disease.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah dengan Menggunakan Metode Mind Mapping pada Siswa Kelas XII IPS 1 MAN 3 Ngawi Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah 
Published: April 2023

Banyaknya siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mengingat informasi dari materi pembelajaran yang telah disampaikan guru dalam waktu yang cukup lama, Banyak guru matpel social yang notabene banyak hafalan sehingga berimplikasi pada penggunaan metodologi yang konvensional- tradisional dan monoton. Alasan inilah yang membuat lahirnya PTK Sejarah Kelas XII IPS 1 MAN 3 Ngawi Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah dengan metode Mind Mapping. Hasil belajar siswa setelah dilaksanakan metode Mind Mapping pada materi menganalisis perjuangan bangsa Indonesia dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan dari ancaman Disintegrasi bangsa pada siklus I dari post tes yang telah diberikan kepada siswa sudah meningkat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil post test yang diberikan kepada 30 siswa, dengan rata -rata nilai 69,5. Dari 30 siswa terdapat 40% atau 12 siswa yang tuntas dalam belajarnya. Namun, 60% atau 18 siswa yang tidak tuntas dalam belajarnya. Post test siklus II yang diberikan kepada siswa, dengan rata-rata nilai 81,5. Dari 30 siswa terdapat 90% atau 27 siswa yang tuntas dalam belajarnya. Dan hanya terdapat 10% atau 3siswa yang tidak tuntas dalam belajarnya. Maka persentase ketuntasan klasikal pada post test siklus II sebesar 90%. Dari hasil belajar tersebut terlihat pada siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 50%. Sehingga penelitian ini berhenti pada siklus II dan tidak perlu melanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya.
Design and Implementation of a Secure QR Payment Based on Visual Cryptography
Authors: - Vineetha K R , - Habeeba Sinu 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the design and implementation of a secure payment system based on QR codes will be covered. In recent years, QR codes have been widely used due to their capacity to speed up payments and provide customers with the highest comfort. Yet, as convenient as QR-based online payment systems may seem, they are vulnerable to a variety of attacks. Transaction processing needs to be adequately secure in order to protect the privacy and accuracy of each payment operation. The online payment system must also guarantee the legitimacy of each transaction for both the sender and the recipient. This article offers security for the proposed QR-based system using visual cryptography. The recommended solution consists of a mobile application and a payment gateway server that employs visual cryptography. Customers who use the application may conduct financial transactions in a secure environment thanks to its clear and user-friendly layout.
Revealing the Interior Structure of Icy Moons with a Bayesian Approach to Magnetic Induction Measurements
Authors: Biersteker John B. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Cochrane Corey J. , Harris Camilla D. K. , Jia Xianzhe , Khurana Krishan K. , Liu Jiang , Murphy Neil , Raymond Carol A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Some icy moons and small bodies in the solar system are believed to host subsurface liquid water oceans. The interaction of these saline, electrically conductive oceans with time-varying external magnetic fields generates induced magnetic fields. Magnetometry observations of these induced fields in turn enable the detection and characterization of these oceans. We present a framework for characterizing the interiors of icy moons using multifrequency induction and Bayesian inference applied to magnetometry measurements anticipated from the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Using simulated data from the Europa Clipper Magnetometer, our approach can accurately retrieve a wide range of plausible internal structures for Europa. In particular, the ocean conductivity is recovered to within ±50% for all internal structure scenarios considered, and the ocean thickness can be retrieved to within ±25 km for five out of seven scenarios. Characterization of the ice shell thickness to ±50% is possible for six of seven scenarios. Our recovery of the ice shell thickness is highly contingent on accurate modeling of magnetic fields arising from the interaction of Europa with the ambient magnetospheric plasma, while the ocean thickness is more modestly affected and the ocean conductivity retrieval is largely unchanged. Furthermore, we find that the addition of a priori constraints (e.g., static gravity measurements) can yield improved ocean characterization compared to magnetometry alone, suggesting that multi-instrument techniques can play a key role in revealing the interiors of Europa and other ocean worlds.
Two new species of the genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 (Araneae, Zodariidae) from China
Authors: Wang Wei , Lin Yejie , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chu Chang , Li Shuqiang , Huang Chengming 
Published: April 2023

The spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 contains 34 species, almost entirely limited to Indochina, India, Sri Lanka and China, with a regional distribution. Eleven species of Asceua are currently only known from China, five of them are described only from one sex.
Two new spider species of the genus Asceua are reported from China, A. haocongi sp. n. (♂♀, Hainan) and A. zijin sp. n. (♂♀, Jiangsu). Photos and a morphological description of the new species are provided.
Comparison of Keratoconus Specific to Standard IOL Formulas in Patients With Keratoconus Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Kozhaya Karim , Chen Allison J. , Joshi Manasi , Kenny Peter I. , Koch Douglas D. , Fram Nicole , Weikert Mitchell P. , Wang Li , Khandelwal Sumitra S. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To assess the performance of multiple intraocular lens (IOL) formulas in eyes with keratoconus.

Methods:
Eyes with stable keratoconus scheduled for cataract surgery with biometry measurements on the Lenstar LS900 (Haag-Streit) were included. Prediction errors were calculated using 11 different formulas, including two with keratoconus modifiers. Primary outcomes compared standard deviations, mean and median numerical errors, and percentage of eyes within diopter (D) ranges across all eyes with subgroup analysis according to anterior keratometric values.

Results:
Sixty-eight eyes from 44 patients were identified. In eyes with keratometric values less than 50.00 D, prediction error standard deviations ranged from 0.680 to 0.857 D. Percentages of eyes within ±0.50 D of target ranged from 57.89% to 73.68% with no statistical differences among formulas. In eyes with a keratometric value of more than 50.00 D, prediction error standard deviations ranged from 1.849 to 2.349 D and were not statistically different with heteroscedastic analysis; percentages of eyes within ±0.50 D of target ranged from 0% to 18.18% with no statistical differences among formulas. Only keratoconus-specific formulas (Barrett-KC and Kane-KC) and the Wang-Koch axial length adjustment version of SRK/T resulted in median numerical errors not significantly different than 0, regardless of keratometric values.

Conclusions:
In keratoconic eyes, IOL formulas are less accurate than in normal eyes and result in hyperopic refractive outcomes that increase with steeper keratometric values. Using keratoconus-specific formulas and the Wang-Koch axial length adjustment version of SRK/T for axial lengths of 25.2 mm or greater improved IOL power prediction accuracy compared to other formulas.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(4):242–248.]
Accuracy of 24 IOL Power Calculation Methods
Authors: Voytsekhivskyy Oleksiy V. , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Tutchenko Larysa , Cooke David L. , Savini Giacomo 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To scrutinize the accuracy of 24 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in unoperated eyes.

Methods:
In a series of consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation of the Tecnis 1 ZCB00 IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision), the following formulas were evaluated: Barrett Universal II, Castrop, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Hoffer QST, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Holladay 2 (AL Adjusted), K6 (Cooke), Kane, Karmona, LSF AI, Naeser 2, OKULIX, Olsen (OLCR), Olsen (standalone), Panacea, PEARL-DGS, RBF 3.0, SRK/T, T2, VRF, and VRF-G. The IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) was used for biometric measurements. With optimized lens constants, the mean prediction error (PE) and its standard deviation (SD), the median absolute error (MedAE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the percentage of eyes with prediction erros within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, ±1.00, and ±2.00 D were analyzed.

Results:

Three hundred eyes of 300 patients were enrolled. The heteroscedastic method revealed statistically significant differences (
P
< .05) among formulas. Newly developed methods such as the VRF-G (standard deviation [SD] ±0.387 D), Kane (SD ±0.395 D), Hoffer QST (SD ±0.404 D), and Barrett Universal II (SD ±0.405) were more accurate than older formulas (
P
< .05). These formulas also yielded the highest percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D (84.33%, 82.33%, 83.33%, and 81.33%, respectively).

Conclusions:
Newer formulas (Barrett Universal II, Hoffer QST, K6, Kane, Karmona, RBF 3.0, PEARL-DGS, and VRF-G) were the most accurate predictors of postoperative refractions.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(4):249–256.]