bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-genome sequence and genesis of an avian influenza virus H5N1 isolated from a healthy chicken in a live bird market in Indonesia: accumulation of mammalian adaptation markers in avian hosts
Authors: Rehman Saifur , Prasetya Rima Ratnanggana , Rahardjo Krisnoadi , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Rahmahani Jola , Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari , Nastri Aldise Mareta , Dewantari Jezzy Renova , Mori Yasuko , Shimizu Kazufumi 
Published: February 2023

Background
Influenza A viruses are a major pathogen that causes significant clinical and economic harm to many animals. In Indonesia, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been endemic in poultry since 2003 and has caused sporadic deadly infections in humans. The genetic bases that determine host range have not yet been fully elucidated. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of a recent H5 isolate to reveal the evolution toward its mammalian adaptation.

Methods
We determined the whole-genome sequence of A/chicken/East Java/Av1955/2022 (hereafter, “Av1955”) from a healthy chicken in April 2022 and conducted phylogenetic and mutational analysis.

Results
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Av1955 belonged to the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c (Eurasian lineage). The six gene segments (PB1, PB2, HA, NP, NA, and NS) out of the eight segments derived from viruses of H5N1 Eurasian lineage, one (PB2) from the H3N6 subtype and the remaining one (M) from the H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2b (Indonesian lineage). The donor of the PB2 segment was a reassortant among three viruses of H5N1 Eurasian and Indonesian lineages and the H3N6 subtype. The HA amino acid sequence contained multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site. Mutation analysis revealed that Av1955 possessed the maximal number of mammalian adaptation marker mutations.

Conclusions
Av1955 was a virus of H5N1 Eurasian lineage. The HA protein contains an HPAI H5N1-type cleavage site sequence, while the virus was isolated from a healthy chicken suggesting its low pathogenicity nature. The virus has increased mammalian adaptation markers by mutation and intra- and inter-subtype reassortment, gathering gene segments possessing the most abundant maker mutations among previously circulating viruses. The increasing mammalian adaptation mutation in avian hosts suggests that they might be adaptive to infection in mammalian and avian hosts. It highlights the importance of genomic surveillance and adequate control measures for H5N1 infection in live poultry markets.
Proposal for Educational Intervention in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and in their Family Caregiver
Authors: Neri Aldo Pelcastre , Vázquez Josefina Reynoso , Lydia López Pontigo , Quitl Inés Tenahua , Chávez Olga Rocío Flores , Zermeño María Del Carmen López , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Design a proposal of educational intervention for both, people who live with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and their family caregiver.
Methodology: Methodology. A case series study was conducted with the participation of 12 people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and attending a Mutual Help Group in Pachuquilla, Hidalgo. Sociodemographic data, somatometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), blood pressure, and capillary blood samples for glycosylated hemoglobin were collected.
Results: The mean age was 64 and range of 39-79 years, O.D. of 12; 67% women; 25% finished secondary school, 50% worked at home, 17% in commerce, 33% unemployed; 58% married, 25% widowed, and 17% divorced and in common law; 33.% with less than 5 years diagnosed, 67% have been diagnosed for more than 5 years; 75% depend economically; 67% have complications, 75% with family support, in diabetes knowledge 33% obtained intermediate score and 67% inadequate score; the weight average was of 77 kg and range of 57-116.5 kg, and O.D. 17 kg; in waist circumference, 100% exceed the recommended limit, in BMI, 50% is classified as overweight and 50% as obese; in blood pressure 50% > 130/80 mmHg and in glycosylated hemoglobin 75% > 7% mg/dl.
Conclusion: The currently implemented strategy does not reflect good knowledge and control of the disease. This study invites us to continue with research where an educational intervention is implemented in which family caregivers are included and active participation is encouraged, in addition to implementing the IEP as a theoretical basis for the intervention.
Relationship between Uric Acid, Creatinine, Urea and Triglyceride Production in Gout
Authors: Ali Fattma A. , Tahir Noor Abdul-Kareem , George Tarza Raad , Ibrahim Aisha Abdul-Kareem , Yakob Nora Abdul-Kareem , Toma Mariam Emad 
Published: February 2023

Background: Gout is a disorder that manifests as a spectrum of clinical and pathologic features built on a foundation of an excess body burden of uric acid, Hyperuricemia and gout are two of the most common metabolic diseases, there has been an increase in the prevalence and has attracted attention as an adult lifestyle-associated disease.
Objective: The present study was carried to determine the prevalence of goat and uric acid, creatinine, urea, and triglyceride production in patients with hyperuricemia.
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was done to examine associative between (November 2017 to February 2018). Totally 66 patient attended from ( Hawler Private Hospital, Rezgari Governmental Hospital, Ankawa Private Laboratory) in Erbil and may have hyperuricemia can be developed to gout disease from both males (32) and females (34) .the age 18 up to 70 who included in this study. Biochemical tests were performed for all patients (uric acid test, urea test, creatinine test, triglyceride test). These samples were analyzed by using blood serum rather than urine.
Results: In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high uric acid and age, the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), and in female statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high uric acid and age, the age group (61-80) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high creatinine and age , the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), in female statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high creatinine and age, the two age groups (41-60) & (61-80) years were significantly higher compared to other age group (P < 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high urea and age, the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), in female statistical analysis showed that non-significant correlation between high urea and age groups (P > 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high TG and age , the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), in female statistical analysis showed that non-significant correlation between high TG and age groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: gout is a very common form of arthritis might be increasing hinderance of activity of daily living, lifestyle and environmental factors. Although not life-threatening, it has a significant impact on quality of life. The results provide support for possible linkage of influencing creatinine and triglyceride and uric acid and triglyceride with gout.
History of Low Hourly Wage and All-Cause Mortality Among Middle-aged Workers
Authors: Kezios Katrina L. , Lu Peiyi , Calonico Sebastian , Al Hazzouri Adina Zeki 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceEarning a low wage is an increasingly recognized public health concern, yet little research exists on the long-term health consequences of sustained low-wage earning.ObjectiveTo examine the association of sustained low-wage earning and mortality in a sample of workers with hourly wage reported biennially during peak midlife earning years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal study included 4002 US participants, aged 50 years or older, from 2 subcohorts of the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2018) who worked for pay and reported earning hourly wages at 3 or more time points during a 12-year period during their midlife (1992-2004 or 1998-2010). Outcome follow-up occurred from the end of the respective exposure periods until 2018.ExposuresLow-wage—less than the hourly wage for full-time, full-year work at the federal poverty line—earning history was categorized as never earning a low wage, intermittently earning a low wage, and sustained earning a low wage.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards and additive hazards regression models sequentially adjusted for sociodemographics, and economic and health covariates were used to estimate associations between low-wage history and all-cause mortality. We examined interaction with sex or employment stability on multiplicative and additive scales.ResultsOf the 4002 workers (aged 50-57 years at the beginning of exposure period and 61-69 years at the end), 1854 (46.3%) were female; 718 (17.9%) experienced employment instability; 366 (9.1%) had a history of sustained low-wage earning; 1288 (32.2%) had intermittent low-wage earning periods; and 2348 (58.7%) had never earned a low wage. In unadjusted analyses, those who had never earned low wages experienced 199 deaths per 10 000 person-years, those with intermittent low wages, 208 deaths per 10 000 person-years, and those with sustained low wages, 275 deaths per 10 000 person-years. In models adjusted for key sociodemographic variables, sustained low-wage earning was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.71) and excess deaths (66; 95% CI, 6.6-125); these findings were attenuated with additional adjustments for economic and health covariates. Significant excess death and elevated mortality risk were observed for workers with sustained low-wage exposure and employment fluctuations (eg, for sustained low-wage × employment fluctuated, HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.35-3.53; for sustained low-wage × stable employment, HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.89,-1.54; P for interaction = .003).Conclusions and RelevanceSustained low-wage earning may be associated with elevated mortality risk and excess deaths, especially when experienced alongside unstable employment. If causal, our findings suggest that social and economic policies that improve the financial standing of low-wage workers (eg, minimum wage laws) could improve mortality outcomes.
Aspirin Discontinuation at 24 to 28 Weeks’ Gestation in Pregnancies at High Risk of Preterm Preeclampsia
Authors: Mendoza Manel , Bonacina Erika , Garcia-Manau Pablo , López Monica , Caamiña Sara , Vives Àngels , Lopez-Quesada Eva , Ricart Marta , Maroto Anna , de Mingo Laura , Pintado Elena , Ferrer-Costa Roser , Martin Lourdes , Rodríguez-Zurita Alicia , Garcia Esperanza , Pallarols Mar , Vidal-Sagnier Laia , Teixidor Mireia , Orizales-Lago Carmen , Pérez-Gomez Adela , Ocaña Vanesa , Puerto Linda , Millán Pilar , Alsius Mercè , Diaz Sonia , Maiz Nerea , Carreras Elena , Suy Anna 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceAspirin reduces the incidence of preterm preeclampsia by 62% in pregnant individuals at high risk of preeclampsia. However, aspirin might be associated with an increased risk of peripartum bleeding, which could be mitigated by discontinuing aspirin before term (37 weeks of gestation) and by an accurate selection of individuals at higher risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy.ObjectiveTo determine whether aspirin discontinuation in pregnant individuals with normal soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase–1 to placental growth factor (sFlt-1:PlGF) ratio between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation was noninferior to aspirin continuation to prevent preterm preeclampsia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsMulticenter, open-label, randomized, phase 3, noninferiority trial conducted in 9 maternity hospitals across Spain. Pregnant individuals (n = 968) at high risk of preeclampsia during the first-trimester screening and an sFlt-1:PlGF ratio of 38 or less at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were recruited between August 20, 2019, and September 15, 2021; of those, 936 were analyzed (intervention: n = 473; control: n = 463). Follow-up was until delivery for all participants.InterventionsEnrolled patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to aspirin discontinuation (intervention group) or aspirin continuation until 36 weeks of gestation (control group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresNoninferiority was met if the higher 95% CI for the difference in preterm preeclampsia incidences between groups was less than 1.9%.ResultsAmong the 936 participants, the mean (SD) age was 32.4 (5.8) years; 3.4% were Black and 93% were White. The incidence of preterm preeclampsia was 1.48% (7/473) in the intervention group and 1.73% (8/463) in the control group (absolute difference, −0.25% [95% CI, −1.86% to 1.36%]), indicating noninferiority.Conclusions and RelevanceAspirin discontinuation at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation was noninferior to aspirin continuation for preventing preterm preeclampsia in pregnant individuals at high risk of preeclampsia and a normal sFlt-1:PlGF ratio.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03741179 and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu Identifier: 2018-000811-26
Intermediate variable‐based adaptive fault estimation for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems
Authors: Han Luxia , Huang Sheng‐Juan 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of fault estimation based on intermediate variable‐based adaptive observer for a class of nonlinear systems with Lipschitzian nonlinearities and faults is studied. An adaptive observer based on lower triangular matrix transformation is proposed, which comprise the output derivatives information so as to enhance the accuracy and speed of fault estimation effectually. The designed observer can be simplified to the lower triangular estimation observer, and is superior to the comprehensive estimation observer in the related literature. In addition, a more general error dynamics is derived based on the improved adaptive estimation observer, which makes it less conservative to obtain stability conditions. The uniformly ultimately bounded stability conditions of the estimated error dynamics are given by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.
The Efficacy of Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Peiqi , Zhang Yuchen , Li Fanlian , Cai Feihong , Xiao Bin , Yang Huayuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) and analgesics in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and provide evidence‐based medical support for EA for the treatment of KOA. Randomized controlled trials from January 2012 to December 2021 are included in electronic databases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials is used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation is used to assess the quality of evidence. Statistical analyses are performed using Review Manager V5.4. There are 1616 patients from 20 clinical studies, including 849 patients in the treatment group and 767 patients in the control group. The effective rate in the treatment group is significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.00001). In the treatment group, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) stiffness scores are significantly improved as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). However, EA is similar to analgesics in improving visual analog scale scores and WOMAC subitems such as pain and joint function. EA is effective in treating KOA because it can significantly improve clinical symptoms and quality of life in KOA patients.
Engineering Orthogonal Upconversion through Selective Excitation in a Single Nanoparticle
Authors: Huang Jinshu , An Zhengce , Yan Long , Zhou Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrthogonal upconversion with color‐switchable emissions under different excitation conditions provides new chances to diverse frontier applications of luminescent materials. However, the previous orthogonal upconversion systems compulsorily require the precise control of spatial distributions of dopants and host compositions to avoid spectral cross‐talk, greatly limiting their synthesis and application. Herein, a conceptual design is presented to realize the orthogonal upconversion by selectively activating sensitizers and activators in nanostructure. In detail, the 915 nm laser, instead of the mostly used 980 nm, is adopted to activate the sensitizer Yb3+ because of the broad 2F5/2←2F7/2 absorption band; while it is non‐responsive to Er3+, consequently avoiding the spectral cross‐talk due to the simultaneous activation of both Er3+ and Yb3+ under 980 nm irradiation as shown in the previous works. Such a selective excitation strategy is able to realize the red/green, blue/red, and blue/green orthogonal upconversion in a single nanoparticle by simply altering the excitation wavelength from 915 to 1530 nm. More interestingly, it further allows for full‐color output by temporal control of the upconversion dynamics. The findings suggest a facile but effective approach to the design of smart luminescent materials, showing great potential in multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting, information security and biological applications.
Vertical Nonvolatile Schottky‐Barrier‐Field‐Effect Transistor with Self‐Gating Semimetal Contact
Authors: Zhou Yaoqiang , Tong Lei , Chen Zefeng , Tao Li , Li Hao , Pang Yue , Xu Jian‐Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmerging 2D nonvolatile Schottky‐barrier‐field‐effect transistors (NSBFETs) are envisaged to build a promising reconfigurable in‐memory architecture to mimic the brain. Herein, a vertically stacked multilayered graphene (MGr)‐molybdenum disufide (MoS2)‐tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) NSBFET is reported. The semimetal WTe2 with the charge‐trapping effect enables the simultaneous integration of the electrode and the self‐gating function. The effective Schottky barrier height offset ΔΦB is programed from ΔΦB‐p = 132.6 meV to ΔΦB‐n = 109.4 meV, inducing the reversed built‐in electric field to make the NSBFET, so as to provide one with a multifunctional platform to integrate the nonvolatility and the reconfigurable self‐powered photo response. The reversible open‐circuit voltages of NSBFET synapse are programmed from −0.1 to 0.25 V and the self‐powered responsivity with reversed signs is tuned from 290 to −50 mA W−1, which enables the representation of a signed weight in a single device to enrich multiple optical sensing and computing capabilities.
Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries
Authors: Cho Yoonjong , Park Jeongwoo , Lee Wang‐Geun , Park Jaehyun , Shin Kwangho , Song Inwoo , Lee Geonwoo , Cho Jihun , Kang Seok Ju , Kim Youngsik , Baek Myung‐Jin , Lee Dong Woog 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeawater batteries (SWBs) are a type of sodium‐air batteries that use abundant seawater as the source of the catholyte. A cathode current collector in traditional SWBs is composed of titanium (Ti) and carbon‐based current collectors. The high contact resistance between Ti and carbon‐based current collectors as well as the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution and reduction reactions increase the overpotential, resulting in side reactions such as carbon corrosion. To enhance the performance of SWBs, previous studies have focused on carbon current collectors, catalysts, and polymer binders, while ignoring the importance of Ti. In this study, a facile carbon diffusion technique is employed to successfully form titanium carbide (TiC) on the surface of Ti. SWBs with engineered Ti demonstrate considerably improved performance (four times higher cycling stability, 30% increased power performance, 40% reduced voltage gap) in relation to those with pristine Ti. This significantly improved electrochemical performance is found to be attributable to the prevention of carbon corrosion due to i) the reduction of contact resistance (owing to rough TiC surface) and ii) the electrocatalytic effect of TiC. Finally, engineered Ti is applied to large‐area SWBs and its potential applicability in energy storage systems is confirmed.
Antiambipolar Transistor with Double Negative Differential Transconductances for Organic Quaternary Logic Circuits
Authors: Panigrahi Debdatta , Hayakawa Ryoma , Wakayama Yutaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic integrated circuits have emerged as potential candidates for next‐generation computing technology because of their low‐cost production, light weight, and mechanical flexibility. However, the incompatibility of organic devices with modern lithographic techniques leads to a major bottleneck, that is, low integration density. Herein, it is attempted to solve this issue by developing an organic quaternary inverter that exhibits four distinguishable logic states and thus, can significantly improve the level of device integration. The key component of the inverter is a double‐peaked antiambipolar transistor (DAAT) with a double sequential negative differential transconductance characteristic. First, the DAAT is developed by employing two lateral p‐n heterojunctions, namely C8‐BTBT/PTCDI‐C8 and C8‐BTBT/PhC2‐BQQDI, in which three distinct conducting paths are produced in a step‐by‐step manner in accordance with the increase in the gate voltage (VG). Next, the quaternary inverter circuit is implemented by connecting the DAAT with an n‐type transistor. The inverter exhibits four logic states with a complete drain voltage to ground voltage sweep. Finally, a strategy of optimizing the thickness of the PTCDI‐C8 layer to improve the voltage transfer characteristics of the quaternary inverters is demonstrated. This study, thus, represents a step toward the development of high‐performance organic integrated circuits.
Multiple Quantum States Induced in 1T‐TaSe2 by Controlling the Stacking Order of Charge Density Waves
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Bingbing , Ming Xing , Si Chen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) materials afford unprecedented opportunities for control of electronic properties by utilizing the stacking degree of freedom. An intriguing frontier, largely unexplored, is the stacking of charge density wave (CDW) phases that is a broken‐symmetry state with periodically modulated charge density and the atomic lattice. Employing density functional theory, it is uncovered that the stacking order can play a significant role in the quantum phase transitions of layered 1T‐TaSe2 with a striking 2D CDW order. By controlling the vertical stacking order of CDWs, bulk 1T‐TaSe2 can host various electronic phases including quasi‐1D and 3D metals and band insulators. Particularly, the ground‐state stacking configuration shows 3D metallicity due to the enhanced intralayer and interlayer electron hopping, and the second lowest energy configuration shows band insulating behavior via interlayer dimerization, implying potential metal‐insulator transition. In ultrathin‐layer 1T‐TaSe2, not only the stacking order but also the thickness dictate the electronic properties. While the monolayer is a Mott insulator, the bilayer (trilayer) is a band insulator (metal). More interestingly, the four‐layer emerges as an insulator or a semimetal dependent on its stacking order. The wide‐tunable electronic properties of 1T‐TaSe2 CDW compound will open a new pathway for designing novel quantum devices.