bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF INNOVATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Authors: Heinz Melinda , Kleszynski Keith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using new qualitative methods can be exciting and add value to the field. However, Institutional Review Boards (IRB) approval can be a challenge if the methods are relatively new. This symposium provides an overview of 1) how several new methodologies have been used 2) IRB approval challenges and resolutions and 3) how varied disciplines can work together to understand phenomena. The first presentation explains how older adults used photographs to document meaning/purpose in their lives. IRB expressed concerns over identifying information in photographs. Discussion of how interdisciplinary collaborations create opportunities for diverse data dissemination will be included. The second presentation focuses on intersectionality and the benefits/challenges to understanding socially constructed identities. Discussion explains how to implement this methodology, including how category complexity creates additional possibilities for data analysis but also difficulties with narrowing down approaches. In the third presentation, examples of how to conduct co-research, such as photovoice with older adults will be reviewed, including best practices. Smartphones offer extensive possibilities for co-research; but developing IRB protocols to address concerns are needed. The fourth presentation outlines digital storytelling between older adults and university students. An explanation of how digital storytelling is connected to the narrative method and critical gerontology framework will be addressed. Advantages and pitfalls of digital storytelling with also be discussed. The last presentation focuses on using reminiscence with older migrant workers who have dementia, using a decolonial framework. The project seeks to improve participatory action research, with increased focus on “hearing” participants.
PLACE AND MEANING OF HOME: RESEARCH IN A VIRTUAL, PHOTOVOICE LENS
Authors: Weil Joyce 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Photovoice is built upon the principle of empowerment. With the increased use of Smartphones, photovoice provides a more readily available qualitative option for co-research with older adults. This presentation provides examples from the current study illustrating the process of creating a project that uses photovoice to see how older adults construct the meaning of home and place. While the benefits of this design are many, some issues do arise during implementation, such as: creating study protocols to address Institutional Review Board (IRB) concerns; working with organizations to ensure that the design is truly co-created; and navigating and conducting photovoice in a completely virtual arena. Examples will also be drawn from technical training received as part of LeadingAge LTSS Center @UMass Boston and Collective Insight’s Aging Centered Outcomes Research Learning Collaborative, as well as the Healthier Black Elders Center, which is affiliated with the University of Michigan and Wayne State University.
ACCEPTABILITY OF A VIDEOCONFERENCE-BASED MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE PROGRAM (VIVIFRAIL) FOR THE OLDEST-OLD
Authors: Tiecker Ana , Bos Angelo Jose 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of supervised multicomponent exercise programs on counteract age-related changes in functional capacity and quality of life in the oldest-old. During the quarantine imposed by COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation has been a barrier to implement face-to face exercise programs. Objective: To study the acceptance and adequacy of an exercise protocol in oldest-old. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study with initial, intermediate and post-intervention evaluation. The functional capacity assessment was carried out by the Vivifrail test (Short Physical Performance Battery and 4 falls risk assessment tests), by videoconference at the three moments of the project. For twelve weeks, the older adults performed multicomponent ViviFrail exercises with monitoring and acceptance assessment (with a maximum score of 24 points) by weekly contact by videoconference.

Results
This study concluded 14 oldest-old (89.07 ± 6.30 years). In the 12 weeks, the participants showed an average increase of 4.2 points in acceptance, with a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.001). It was possible to observe an improvement in the functional capacity of the oldest old, although not significant, with a decrease in the time to perform the Time Up and Go tests, sit and stand, and in walking time, which is the most evident change.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a home training program with weekly monitoring by videoconference was well accepted and suitable for oldest-old people in a period of social isolation imposed by COVID-19. In addition, it proved to be an effective intervention for maintaining and improving the functional capacity of oldest-old people.
POLICY ATTENTION NEEDED TO IMPROVE DIRECT CARE WORKER WAGES AND OTHER CHALLENGES
Authors: Tyler Denise , Stone Robyn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Direct care workers (DCWs), including nursing assistants, home health aides, and personal care assistants, play an essential role in the health and well-being of over 20 million Americans who receive long-term services and supports (LTSS) at home, in nursing facilities, and other settings. In 2020, nearly 4 million DCWs supported older adults and people with disabilities in completing self-care and other daily tasks. Their efforts require considerable technical and interpersonal skills, but these essential workers receive low pay and rarely receive benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the attention paid to DCWs in the media and among policymakers. This symposium presents the results of three studies conducted by RTI International and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) focused on DCWs. First, we present the results of a study examining how the wages of DCWs compare to the wages of other entry-level workers across all 50 states and report the effect of state policies aimed at improving DCW wages. Second, we report findings from a study exploring the experiences of home care aides during the pandemic as well as the federal and state policies implemented to assist these DCWs during the pandemic. Finally, we present the results of a study that assessed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on DCW staffing in nursing facilities. Together these studies suggest that more policy attention is needed to improve direct care work and attract the millions of additional DCWs that are expected to be needed in coming years.
CONTENDING WITH UNCERTAINTY: IMPLEMENTING THE CMS ACUTE HOSPITAL CARE AT HOME WAIVER PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Gorbenko Ksenia , Franzosa Emily , Baim-Lance Abigail , Schiller Gabrielle , Wurtz Heather , Masse Sybil , Levine David , Siu Albert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As Congress considers renewing the Acute Hospital Care At Home (AHCaH) waiver, which provides a full hospital payment for Hospital at Home (HaH) care, evaluating uncertainty around the future of HaH payment is critical. Our qualitative study explored HaH leaders’ experiences with implementing HaH (N=18, clinical/medical directors, operational and program managers) from 14 new and pre-existing programs across the U.S. We conducted semi-structured interviews with HaH programs diverse by size, urbanicity, and geography. We analyzed transcripts using a thematic approach. Participants across settings and regions wanted greater clarity about the waiver’s future. Lack of clarity affected staffing (nurses reluctant to take temporary jobs) and investment in establishing programs (building EMR components, changing workflows, creating inpatient processes in an outpatient setting). Programs adapted to uncertainty in multiple ways: 1) operating parallel waiver and non-waiver programs; 2) seeking to determine/ calculate the HaH value for their institution; 3) determining which patients would benefit most from HaH; and 4) seeking additional health system financing options beyond the CMS reimbursement (new programs) or relying on existing contracts with payers (existing programs). Implementing HaH is a complex and resource intensive process. Greater clarity from CMS regarding the waiver’s future state will encourage programs to invest the resources that they need to establish their programs long-term. Waiver extension/ permanence would also enable programs to develop and test measures of value, making rigorous evaluations possible to optimize different HaH components.
An altered extracellular matrix–integrin interface contributes to Huntington’s disease-associated CNS dysfunction in glial and vascular cells
Authors: Hernandez Sarah J , Lim Ryan G , Onur Tarik , Dane Mark A , Smith Rebecca , Wang Keona , Jean Grace En-Hway , Reyes-Ortiz Andrea , Devlin Kaylyn , Miramontes Ricardo , Wu Jie , Casale Malcolm , Kilburn David , Heiser Laura M , Korkola James E , Van Vactor David , Botas Juan , Thompson-Peer Katherine L , Thompson Leslie M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Astrocytes and brain endothelial cells are components of the neurovascular unit that comprises the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and their dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis in Huntington’s disease (HD). Defining the contribution of these cells to disease can inform cell-type-specific effects and uncover new disease-modifying therapeutic targets. These cells express integrin (ITG) adhesion receptors that anchor the cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to maintain the integrity of the BBB. We used HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) modeling to study the ECM–ITG interface in astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells and found ECM–ITG dysregulation in human iPSC-derived cells that may contribute to the dysfunction of the BBB in HD. This disruption has functional consequences since reducing ITG expression in glia in an HD Drosophila model suppressed disease-associated CNS dysfunction. Since ITGs can be targeted therapeutically and manipulating ITG signaling prevents neurodegeneration in other diseases, defining the role of ITGs in HD may provide a novel strategy of intervention to slow CNS pathophysiology to treat HD.
Augmented Placemaking: Urban Technologies, Interaction Design and Public Spaces in a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Hespanhol Luke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought a sudden and widespread reorganization of public spaces, underpinned by digital technologies. The impromptu, ad hoc and collective character of this reorganization of shared places for social interactions echoes traditional practices of placemaking otherwise advocated for liveable cities, now applied to the new—physical, virtual and, increasingly, hybrid—public spaces people started to inhabit. In this article, I define the notion of ‘augmented placemaking’, referring to a particularly new form of digital placemaking, unleashed by the pandemic. First, I identify key new scenarios for the design of urban interfaces that emerged or gained impetus in response to COVID-19. Following that, I synthesize a model for augmented placemaking based on emerging topologies, discussing the opportunities and challenges they posed, and their potential to inform future HCI. I then conclude by proposing guidelines to inform the design process of augmented placemaking initiatives going forward.Categories and subject descriptors: cities; pervasive computing; smart cities
Gradient boosting decision trees classification of blazars of uncertain type in the fourth Fermi-LAT catalogue
Authors: Sahakyan N , Vardanyan V , Khachatryan M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe deepest all-sky survey available in the γ-ray band – the last release of the Fermi-LAT catalogue (4FGL-DR3) based on the data accumulated in 12 years contains more than 6600 sources. The largest population among the sources is blazar subclass – 3743, 60.1 per cent of which are classified as BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) or Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), while the rest are listed as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) as their firm optical classification is lacking. The goal of this study is to classify BCUs using different machine learning algorithms, which are trained on the spectral and temporal properties of already classified BL Lacs and FSRQs. Artificial Neural Networks, XGBoost, and LightGBM algorithms are employed to construct predictive models for BCU classification. Using 18 input parameters of 2219 BL Lacs and FSRQs, we train (80 per cent of the sample) and test (20 per cent) these algorithms and find that LightGBM model, state-of-the-art classification algorithm based on gradient boosting decision trees, provides the highest performance. Based on our best model, we classify 825 BCUs as BL Lac candidates and 405 as FSRQ candidates, however, 190 remain without a clear prediction, but the percentage of BCUs in 4FGL is reduced to 5.1 per cent. The γ-ray photon index, synchrotron peak frequency, and high-energy peak frequency of a large sample are used to investigate the relationship between FSRQs and BL Lacs (LBLs, IBLs, and HBLs).
Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the first star formation: the effect of ambipolar diffusion
Authors: Sadanari Kenji Eric , Omukai Kazuyuki , Sugimura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tomida Kengo 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
In the present-day universe, magnetic fields play such essential roles in star formation as angular momentum transport and outflow driving, which control circumstellar disc formation/fragmentation and also the star formation efficiency. While only a much weaker field has been believed to exist in the early universe, recent theoretical studies find that strong fields can be generated by turbulent dynamo during the gravitational collapse. Here, we investigate the gravitational collapse of a cloud core ($\sim 10^{3}\ \rm cm^{-3}$) up to protostar formation ($\sim 10^{20}\ \rm cm^{-3}$) by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations considering ambipolar diffusion (AD), the dominant non-ideal effects in the primordial-gas. We systematically study rotating cloud cores either with or without turbulence and permeated with uniform fields of different strengths. We find that AD can slightly suppress the field growth by dynamo especially on scales smaller than the Jeans-scale at the density range $10^{10}\!-\!10^{14}\ \rm cm^{-3}$, while we could not see the AD effect on the temperature evolution, since the AD heating rate is always smaller than compression heating. The inefficiency of AD makes the field as strong as $10^{3}\!-\!10^{5} \rm \ G$ near the formed protostar, much stronger than in the present-day cases, even in cases with initially weak fields. The magnetic field affects the inflow motion when amplified to the equipartition level with turbulence on the Jeans-scale, although disturbed fields do not launch winds. This might suggest that dynamo amplified fields have smaller impact on the dynamics in the later accretion phase than other processes such as ionization feedback.
The hot gas distribution, X-ray luminosity, and baryon budget in the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
Authors: Zhong Wenxin , Fu Jian , Sharma Prateek , Shen Shiyin , Yates Robert M 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Hot ionized gas is important in the baryon cycle of galaxies and contributes the majority of their ‘missing baryons’. Until now, most semi-analytic models of galaxy formation have paid little attention to hot gaseous haloes and their X-ray emission. In this paper, we adopt the one-dimensional model from Sharma et al. instead of the isothermal sphere to describe the radial distribution of hot gas in the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model. The hot gas halo can be divided into two parts according to the ratio of the local thermal instability time-scale and the free-fall time-scale: a cool core with tTI/tff = 10 and a stable outer halo with tTI/tff &gt; 10. We update the prescriptions of cooling, feedback, and stripping based on the new hot gas profiles, and then reproduce several X-ray observational results like the radial profiles of hot gas density, and the scaling relations of X-ray luminosity and temperature. We find: (1) Consistent with observations, flatter density profiles in halo centers produce lower X-ray emission than an isothermal sphere; (2) Cool core regions prone to precipitation have higher gas temperature than the virial temperature, and a larger TX/T200 ratio in smaller haloes leads to a steeper slope in the LX–TX relation; (3) The ionized gas in the unbounded reservoir and low-temperature intergalactic gas in low-mass haloes could be the main components of the halo ‘missing baryons’. Our model outputs can predict the observations of hot gas in the nearby universe and produce mock surveys of baryons probed by future X-ray telescopes.
Apsidal motion and absolute parameters of GV Nor and V881 Sco based on mid-resolution spectroscopy and TESS photometry
Authors: Sürgit Derya , Zasche Petr , Hadrava Petr , Erdem Ahmet , Engelbrecht Chris A , Marang Fred , Mašek Martin , Stevens Daniel J 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The veracity of stellar evolution models and theoretical internal structure constants may be subjected to stringent tests by using physical parameters obtained from spectroscopic and photometric observations of eclipsing binary systems that exhibit apsidal motion. Two eclipsing binary stars from the southern hemisphere with no prior published spectroscopic analyses were selected for this study: GV Nor and V881 Sco. Spectroscopic observations of these two eccentric binary systems were made at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in 2018 and 2019, and their mid-resolution spectra were obtained. The radial velocities were measured using the cross-correlation method as well as by disentangling the spectra. The rotational broadening of the disentangled spectra of the components was also determined. The absolute parameters of these two systems were obtained by analyzing the SAAO-based spectroscopic data in conjunction with photometric data from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Apsidal motion parameters for these two eccentric binary systems were calculated by analysing eclipse timing variations. Granada and Padova evolution models indicated ages of 340 ± 35 Myr for GV Nor and 760 ± 15 Myr for V881 Sco, in agreement with the observational results. The theoretical internal structure constants estimated from the Granada models were compatible with the observational values within the error limits. However, for both systems, it was found that their circularization and synchronization timescales were shorter than their respective evolutionary ages. Therefore, the fact that the components rotate faster than their synchronized values and still have rather large eccentric orbits (e ∼ 0.11) challenges present theories of circularization and spin–orbit synchronization.
New Ritz wavelengths and transition probabilities for parity-forbidden, singly ionized nickel [Ni ii] lines of astrophysical interest
Authors: Clear Christian P , Uylings Peter , Raassen Ton , Nave Gillian , Pickering Juliet C 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We report accurate Ritz wavelengths for parity-forbidden [Ni ii] transitions, derived from energy levels determined using high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy. Transitions between the 18 lowest Ni ii energy levels of even-parity produced Ritz wavelengths for 126 parity-forbidden lines. Uncertainties for the Ritz wavelengths derived in this work are up to two orders of magnitude lower than previously published values. Transition probabilities were calculated using the semi-empirical orthogonal operator method, with uncertainties ranging from approximately 1 per cent for strong M1 lines and up to 10 per cent for weak E2 lines. Accurate forbidden line wavelengths and transition probabilities, particularly for lines in the infrared, are important in the analyses of low-density astrophysical plasmas, such as supernova remnants, planetary nebulae, and active galactic nuclei.
Redshift–luminosity characterization of active galactic nucleus galaxies having obscuring dusty material using the spectral energy distribution from the X-ray to far-infrared
Authors: Gadallah Kamel A K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The spectral energy distribution (SED) from the X-ray to far-IR is used to characterize active galactic nuclei (AGNs) having obscuring dusty material. A sample of 73 AGNs, with redshifts of z &lt; 2.5, is subdivided based on the optical spectra into subgroups of type 1 and 2 AGNs and no-AGN. The x-cigale code is used to produce the SEDs of these galaxies, fitting them with their observed flux densities. Accordingly, this code provides estimates of the physical properties, including the stellar mass, dust-to-gas mass ratio, far-UV attenuation, star-formation rate, and luminosity. All these properties and luminosity components, namely stellar, AGN, X-ray, and dust luminosities, are characterized versus the redshift. With the caveat that the sample is flux-limited and thus is affected by Malmquist bias, the results show that these properties increase as a function of redshift with various variation rates for each galaxy group, except for the far-UV attenuation of type 1 AGNs, which shows a slight reduction with redshift. The stellar, AGN, and X-ray luminosities show tight correlations with the intrinsic AGN luminosity, which is, in principle, attributed to the intrinsic AGN accretion power acting as a fuelling source. This power has an impact on most other correlations versus the redshift when the intrinsic AGN luminosity increases with redshift. Owing to their different emission sources, these luminosities make different fractional contributions to the total luminosity. The stellar luminosity, where the dust luminosity is the most effective, has the highest contribution of all galaxy groups, while the AGN luminosity has the lowest.
Dynamic phase separation of the androgen receptor and its coactivators key to regulate gene expression
Authors: Zhang Fan , Biswas Maitree , Massah Shabnam , Lee Joseph , Lingadahalli Shreyas , Wong Samantha , Wells Christopher , Foo Jane , Khan Nabeel , Morin Helene , Saxena Neetu , Kung Sonia H Y , Sun Bei , Parra Nuñez Ana Karla , Sanchez Christophe , Chan Novia , Ung Lauren , Altıntaş Umut Berkay , Bui Jennifer M , Wang Yuzhuo , Fazli Ladan , Oo Htoo Zarni , Rennie Paul S , Lack Nathan A , Cherkasov Artem , Gleave Martin E , Gsponer Jörg , Lallous Nada 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Numerous cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), are addicted to transcription programs driven by specific genomic regions known as super-enhancers (SEs). The robust transcription of genes at such SEs is enabled by the formation of phase-separated condensates by transcription factors and coactivators with intrinsically disordered regions. The androgen receptor (AR), the main oncogenic driver in PCa, contains large disordered regions and is co-recruited with the transcriptional coactivator mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) to SEs in androgen-dependent PCa cells, thereby promoting oncogenic transcriptional programs. In this work, we reveal that full-length AR forms foci with liquid-like properties in different PCa models. We demonstrate that foci formation correlates with AR transcriptional activity, as this activity can be modulated by changing cellular foci content chemically or by silencing MED1. AR ability to phase separate was also validated in vitro by using recombinant full-length AR protein. We also demonstrate that AR antagonists, which suppress transcriptional activity by targeting key regions for homotypic or heterotypic interactions of this receptor, hinder foci formation in PCa cells and phase separation in vitro. Our results suggest that enhanced compartmentalization of AR and coactivators may play an important role in the activation of oncogenic transcription programs in androgen-dependent PCa.