bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Depth‐Averaged Description of Submarine Avalanche Flows and Induced Surface Waves
Authors: Sun W. , Meng X. , Wang Y. , Hsiau S. S. , You Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a depth‐averaged theory to investigate submarine landslides and resulting water waves. The problems here consist of a pure fluid regime and a mixture regime of grains and fluid. Both regimes separate from one another by an interface, which is a material surface for grains. While the downslope velocities of the both phases are assumed to be identical in the mixture regime, the velocity shear causes a rearrangement of grains, which induces a vertical relative motion between the phases. The established theory consists of five coupled conservation equations, which describe the evolution of the pure fluid thickness, the mixture thickness, the solids volume fraction, and depth‐averaged velocities. To handle nonconservative products emerging in the equations, a new coordinate system is introduced to rewrite the equation system in an equivalent form, so that numerical solutions are insensitive to the choice of discretization of nonconservative products, which enables us to accurately characterize the dynamic behaviors of particles in the collapse experiments of underwater particles and describe free‐surface wave profiles. It is shown that the computed results are in good agreement with the experiments reported in previous literatures.
Shallow Sediment as a Phosphorus Reservoir in an Oligotrophic Lake
Authors: Brannon M. A. , Scholz C. A. , Driscoll C. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLake sediment is an important reservoir for storage of phosphorus (P). Skaneateles Lake, a pristine oligotrophic, midsize lake in New York State, USA, is the primary unfiltered water source for the city of Syracuse and nearby communities. We conducted a lake‐wide survey of shallow sediments in Skaneateles Lake to inform understanding of the potential role of sediment in P storage and release into the water column. A total of 103 shallow samples of surface sediments were collected along 17 transects around the lake margin and analyzed for sediment and pore water elemental concentration, grain size, total organic carbon, nitrogen, carbonate content, stable isotopes of carbon, and mineral content. Reduction‐oxidation (redox) processes of Fe‐bound and Mn‐bound P appear to be a primary control of P storage and release. Sediment P concentrations are positively correlated with water depth and negatively correlated with Ca. Grain size and sediment P distributions around the lake are heterogeneous and patchy. Pore water concentrations reveal strong but variable partitioning of P, apparently controlled by sediment redox conditions. Pore water P concentrations (mean 90 μg L−1) are elevated compared with the oligotrophic water column (∼5 μg L−1) and may be an important source of nutrients to the water column of the lake.
A Portable Device for On‐Site Measurement of Sediment Concentration Through Volume‐Mass Replacement
Authors: Yue Qiuxing , Zhan Xiaoyun , Guo Minghang , Zhao Jun , Liu Baoyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo enable on‐site and near‐real‐time sediment concentration measurements, a novel type of portable device with a constant volume sampling bottle was developed in this study. The device consisted of a sampling bottle, a measuring assembly, and a platform for auxiliary data management. Five representative soils and eight sediment concentrations were used to validate the device accuracy and application. Moreover, a novel concept of sediment effective density (SED) was proposed. Under SED, a linear regression was fit between the measured and actual sediment concentrations. The results revealed that the slopes of the fitting line were close to 1, and the R2 values were greater than 0.999 for five soils. Moreover, for total samples, the root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) values were 5.59 g/L and 0.9996, respectively. Additionally, an average SED of 2.51 g/cm3 was calculated in this study. With an average soil SED of 2.51 g/cm3 and an average soil solid density of 2.65 g/cm3, the RMSE and NSE were 11.85 and 18.50 g/L and 0.9981 and 0.9954, respectively. This result demonstrated that the designed device accurately measured sediment concentration under various conditions. Furthermore, relative to the traditional oven‐drying method, the device could measure sediment concentration near‐real‐time and with high accuracy, which could be useful for researchers with excellent potential. It was recommended to measure the SED in a laboratory or runoff plot because the sediment sources could be identified and obtained. In a field or river, it was recommended to use 2.51 g/cm3 as the SED, which was more accurate than 2.65 g/cm3.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Current and Future Sub‐Daily Rainfall in Japan Using State‐Of‐The‐Art High‐Quality Data Sets
Authors: Zhao Wenpeng , Abhishek  , Takhellambam Bijoychandra S. , Zhang Jiantao , Zhao Yakun , Kinouchi Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing potentially best available rainfall data sets for the entire country of Japan (spatial scales of 1‐ and 20‐km), we analyze the 1–24 hr and city‐scale (1–400 km2) extreme rainfalls for both current (2006–2020) and future periods (2081–2109) at 1.5 K global warming scenario, complementing previous work that focuses on either coarse spatial and temporal scales or other warming scenarios (e.g., RCP and 2 K warming scenarios). A peak‐over‐threshold (POT)‐based approach is applied to compute areal reduction factor (ARF) for subsequently establishing intensity‐duration‐area‐frequency (IDAF) curves. Our results reveal that ARF values generally decrease with increasing area size and increase with longer duration and are affected by multiple underlying physical phenomena. Moreover, we find a greater increase in the rainfall intensities for shorter durations and higher return periods, ranging from 9.4% (1‐hr) to 6.2% (24‐hr), averaged for all return periods and 8.3% (25‐year) to 7.3% (2‐year), averaged for all rainfall durations. Spatially, extreme rainfall intensities are projected to increase by 8.9% in northern Japan (albeit with a less intense rainfall intensity in the current period), which is greater than the rest of the country (6.8%), underscoring the need to focus more on infrastructure designs in northern Japan. The projected IDAF curves further display an increase in the frequency of extreme events at city‐scale, for example, 25‐year extreme rainfall events in 2006–2020 would likely be 5‐10‐year events in 2081–2109. Our results with the state‐of‐the‐art data and implementable approach can be utilized for policymaking to reduce the warming‐induced risks in Japan and beyond.
Statistical Analysis of Concurrent Electron Cyclotron Harmonic and Whistler Waves Driven by ULF Waves
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Bashir M. Fraz , Artemyev Anton V. , Zhang Xiao‐Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlasma sheet electron precipitation to the diffuse aurora is one of the primary mechanisms of magnetospheric energy transport to the Earth’s atmosphere. Such precipitation is provided by electron resonant interactions with electron cyclotron harmonics (ECH) and whistler‐mode waves in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. ECH and whistler‐mode wave generation is traditionally attributed to two main sources of free energy: the loss‐cone anisotropy and the temperature anisotropy due to transverse electron heating during earthward convection or plasma sheet injections. This paper considers a third free energy source for ECH and whistler‐mode wave generation—the electron distribution modulation by compressional ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) waves. We conduct statistics of ECH and whistler‐mode wave bursts associated with ULF waves and show that: (a) such bursts are mostly observed on the dawn flank, (b) 83% of events show a correlation between ECH and whistler‐mode bursts, and the rest 17% show anti‐correlation, (c) ECH and whistler‐mode wave intensities are comparable with those observed around the night‐side injection region. We investigate the main characteristics of ECH and whistler‐mode waves modulated by ULF waves and provide an empirical model for these characteristics. This model can be directly incorporated into simulation frameworks, so as to include these ULF‐modulated wave bursts in simulations of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and radiation belt dynamics.
Direct high-resolution X-ray imaging exploiting pseudorandomness
Authors: Lee KyeoReh , Lim Jun , Lee Su Yong , Park YongKeun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOwing to its unique penetrating power and high-resolution capability, X-ray imaging has been an irreplaceable tool since its discovery. Despite the significance, the resolution of X-ray imaging has largely been limited by the technical difficulties on X-ray lens making. Various lensless imaging methods have been proposed, but are yet relying on multiple measurements or additional constraints on measurements or samples. Here we present coherent speckle-correlation imaging (CSI) using a designed X-ray diffuser. CSI has no prerequisites for samples or measurements. Instead, from a single shot measurement, the complex sample field is retrieved based on the pseudorandomness of the speckle intensity pattern, ensured through a diffuser. We achieve a spatial resolution of 13.9 nm at 5.46 keV, beating the feature size of the diffuser used (300 nm). The high-resolution imaging capability is theoretically explained based on fundamental and practical limits. We expect the CSI to be a versatile tool for navigating the unexplored world of nanometer.
Snapshot multispectral imaging using a diffractive optical network
Authors: Mengu Deniz , Tabassum Anika , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultispectral imaging has been used for numerous applications in e.g., environmental monitoring, aerospace, defense, and biomedicine. Here, we present a diffractive optical network-based multispectral imaging system trained using deep learning to create a virtual spectral filter array at the output image field-of-view. This diffractive multispectral imager performs spatially-coherent imaging over a large spectrum, and at the same time, routes a pre-determined set of spectral channels onto an array of pixels at the output plane, converting a monochrome focal-plane array or image sensor into a multispectral imaging device without any spectral filters or image recovery algorithms. Furthermore, the spectral responsivity of this diffractive multispectral imager is not sensitive to input polarization states. Through numerical simulations, we present different diffractive network designs that achieve snapshot multispectral imaging with 4, 9 and 16 unique spectral bands within the visible spectrum, based on passive spatially-structured diffractive surfaces, with a compact design that axially spans ~72λm, whereλmis the mean wavelength of the spectral band of interest. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate a diffractive multispectral imager based on a 3D-printed diffractive network that creates at its output image plane a spatially repeating virtual spectral filter array with 2 × 2 = 4 unique bands at terahertz spectrum. Due to their compact form factor and computation-free, power-efficient and polarization-insensitive forward operation, diffractive multispectral imagers can be transformative for various imaging and sensing applications and be used at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum where high-density and wide-area multispectral pixel arrays are not widely available.
A scalable, virtual weight management program tailored for adults with type 2 diabetes: effects on glycemic control
Authors: Apolzan John W. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Anton Stephen D. , Beyl Robbie A. , Greenway Frank L. , Wickham Edmond P. , Lanoye Autumn , Harris Melissa N. , Martin Corby K. , Bullard Tiffany , Foster Gary D. , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective was to test the efficacy of a scalable, virtually delivered, diabetes-tailored weight management program on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
This was a single arm, three-site clinical trial. Participants had baseline HbA1c between 7–11% and BMI between 27–50 kg/m2. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were changes in body weight, waist circumference, the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), quality of life (IWQOL-L), and hunger (VAS). Generalized linear effects models were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Participants (n = 136) were 56.8 ± 0.8 y (Mean ± SEM), 36.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2, 80.2% female, 62.2% non-Hispanic white. Baseline HbA1c, weight, and total DDS score were 8.0 ± 0.09%, 101.10 ± 1.47 kg, and 2.35 ± 0.08, respectively. At week 24, HbA1c, body weight, and total DDS decreased by 0.75 ± 0.11%, 5.74 ± 0.50%, 0.33 ± 0.10 units, respectively (all p < 0.001). Also, at week 24, quality of life increased by 9.0 ± 1.2 units and hunger decreased by 14.3 ± 2.4 units, (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The scalable, virtually delivered T2D-tailored weight management program had favorable and clinically meaningful effects on glycemic control, body weight, and psychosocial outcomes.
Retinopathy of prematurity protection conferred by uteroplacental insufficiency through erythropoietin signaling in an experimental Murine Model
Authors: Fung Camille , Cung Thaonhi , Nelson Caroline , Wang Haibo , Bretz Colin , Ramshekar Aniket , Brown Ashley , Stoddard Gregory J. , Hartnett M. Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent clinical studies suggest that preeclampsia, characterized by uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) and infant intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), may be protective against retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. Experimental models of UPI/IUGR have found an association of erythropoietin (EPO) with less severe oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR); however, it is unclear if EPO/EPO receptor (EPOR) signaling was involved. We hypothesized that maternal UPI and resultant infant IUGR would protect against features of ROP through EPO/EPOR signaling.

Methods
We compared transgenic mice with hypoactive EPOR signaling (hWtEPOR) to littermate wild-type mice (mWtEpoR) in a novel combined model of IUGR and ROP. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was infused into pregnant C57Bl/6J dams to produce UPI/IUGR; postnatal pups and their foster dams were subjected to a murine OIR model.

Results
Following hyperoxia, hematocrits were similar between littermate wild-type (mWtEpoR) TXA2/OIR and vehicle/OIR pups. mWtEpoR TXA2/OIR had increased serum EPO, retinal EPO and VEGF, and decreased avascular retinal area (AVA) compared to vehicle/OIR pups. In comparison to the mWtEpoR TXA2/OIR pups, AVA was not reduced in hWtEPOR TXA2/OIR pups.

Conclusion
Our findings provide biologic evidence that UPI/OIR-induced endogenous EPOR signaling confers protection against hyperoxia-induced vascular damage that may be related to pathophysiology in ROP.

Impact

Maternal preeclampsia and infant growth restriction confer retinovascular protection against high oxygen-induced damage through endogenous erythropoietin signaling.
DNA double-strand break end synapsis by DNA loop extrusion
Authors: Yang Jin H. , Brandão Hugo B. , Hansen Anders S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur every cell cycle and must be efficiently repaired. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the dominant pathway for DSB repair in G1-phase. The first step of NHEJ is to bring the two DSB ends back into proximity (synapsis). Although synapsis is generally assumed to occur through passive diffusion, we show that passive diffusion is unlikely to produce the synapsis speed observed in cells. Instead, we hypothesize that DNA loop extrusion facilitates synapsis. By combining experimentally constrained simulations and theory, we show that a simple loop extrusion model constrained by previous live-cell imaging data only modestly accelerates synapsis. Instead, an expanded loop extrusion model with targeted loading of loop extruding factors (LEFs), a small portion of long-lived LEFs, and LEF stabilization by boundary elements and DSB ends achieves fast synapsis with near 100% efficiency. We propose that loop extrusion contributes to DSB repair by mediating fast synapsis.
Tryptase β regulation of joint lubrication and inflammation via proteoglycan-4 in osteoarthritis
Authors: Das Nabangshu , de Almeida Luiz G. N. , Derakhshani Afshin , Young Daniel , Mehdinejadiani Kobra , Salo Paul , Rezansoff Alexander , Jay Gregory D. , Sommerhoff Christian P. , Schmidt Tannin A. , Krawetz Roman , Dufour Antoine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPRG4 is an extracellular matrix protein that maintains homeostasis through its boundary lubricating and anti-inflammatory properties. Altered expression and function of PRG4 have been associated with joint inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis. Here we show that mast cell tryptase β cleaves PRG4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was confirmed by silver stain gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Tryptase-treated PRG4 results in a reduction of lubrication. Compared to full-length, cleaved PRG4 further activates NF-κB expression in cells overexpressing TLR2, −4, and −5. In the destabilization of the medial meniscus model of osteoarthritis in rat, tryptase β and PRG4 colocalize at the site of injury in knee cartilage and is associated with disease severity. When human primary synovial fibroblasts from male osteoarthritis patients or male healthy subjects treated with tryptase β and/or PRG4 are subjected to a quantitative shotgun proteomics and proteome changes are characterized, it further supports the role of NF-κB activation. Here we show that tryptase β as a modulator of joint lubrication in osteoarthritis via the cleavage of PRG4.
Active layer dynamics drives a transition to biofilm fingering
Authors: Young Ellen , Melaugh Gavin , Allen Rosalind J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe emergence of spatial organisation in biofilm growth is one of the most fundamental topics in biofilm biophysics and microbiology. It has long been known that growing biofilms can adopt smooth or rough interface morphologies, depending on the balance between nutrient supply and microbial growth; this ‘fingering’ transition has been linked with the average width of the ‘active layer’ of growing cells at the biofilm interface. Here we use long-time individual-based simulations of growing biofilms to investigate in detail the driving factors behind the biofilm-fingering transition. We show that the transition is associated with dynamical changes in the active layer. Fingering happens when gaps form in the active layer, which can cause local parts of the biofilm interface to pin, or become stationary relative to the moving front. Pinning can be transient or permanent, leading to different biofilm morphologies. By constructing a phase diagram for the transition, we show that the controlling factor is the magnitude of the relative fluctuations in the active layer thickness, rather than the active layer thickness per se. Taken together, our work suggests a central role for active layer dynamics in controlling the pinning of the biofilm interface and hence biofilm morphology.
The MRN complex maintains the biliary-derived hepatocytes in liver regeneration through ATR-Chk1 pathway
Authors: Song Jingmei , Ma Jianlong , Liu Xing , Huang Zhuofu , Li Lianghui , Li Linke , Luo Lingfei , Ni Rui , He Jianbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen the proliferation of residual hepatocytes is prohibited, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) transdifferentiate into nascent hepatocytes to accomplish liver regeneration. Despite significant interest in transdifferentiation, little is known about the maintenance of nascent hepatocytes in post-injured environments. Here, we perform an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) forward genetic screen and identify a mutant containing a nonsense mutation in the gene nibrin (nbn), which encodes a component of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbn (MRN) complex that activates DNA damage response (DDR). The regenerated hepatocytes cannot be maintained and exhibit apoptosis in the mutant. Mechanistically, the nbn mutation results in the abrogation of ATR-Chk1 signaling and accumulations of DNA damage in nascent hepatocytes, which eventually induces p53-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of rad50 or mre11a shows similar phenotypes. This study reveals that the activation of DDR by the MRN complex is essential for the survival of BEC-derived hepatocytes, addressing how to maintain nascent hepatocytes in the post-injured environments.
Virtual-scanning light-field microscopy for robust snapshot high-resolution volumetric imaging
Authors: Lu Zhi , Liu Yu , Jin Manchang , Luo Xin , Yue Huanjing , Wang Zian , Zuo Siqing , Zeng Yunmin , Fan Jiaqi , Pang Yanwei , Wu Jiamin , Yang Jingyu , Dai Qionghai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh-speed three-dimensional (3D) intravital imaging in animals is useful for studying transient subcellular interactions and functions in health and disease. Light-field microscopy (LFM) provides a computational solution for snapshot 3D imaging with low phototoxicity but is restricted by low resolution and reconstruction artifacts induced by optical aberrations, motion and noise. Here, we propose virtual-scanning LFM (VsLFM), a physics-based deep learning framework to increase the resolution of LFM up to the diffraction limit within a snapshot. By constructing a 40 GB high-resolution scanning LFM dataset across different species, we exploit physical priors between phase-correlated angular views to address the frequency aliasing problem. This enables us to bypass hardware scanning and associated motion artifacts. Here, we show that VsLFM achieves ultrafast 3D imaging of diverse processes such as the beating heart in embryonic zebrafish, voltage activity in Drosophila brains and neutrophil migration in the mouse liver at up to 500 volumes per second.
A century and a half precipitation oxygen isoscape for China generated using data fusion and bias correction
Authors: Chen Jiacheng , Chen Jie , Zhang Xunchang J. , Peng Peiyi , Risi Camille 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe precipitation oxygen isotopic composition is a useful environmental tracer for climatic and hydrological studies. However, accurate and high-resolution precipitation oxygen isoscapes are currently lacking in China. In this study, a precipitation oxygen isoscape in China for a period of 148 years is built by integrating observed and iGCMs-simulated isotope compositions using an optimal hybrid approach of three data fusion and two bias correction methods. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the isoscape are monthly and 50–60 km, respectively. Results show that the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) fusion method performs the best (correlation coefficient larger than 0.95 and root mean square error smaller than 1‰), and the other two data fusion methods perform slightly better than the bias correction methods. Thus, the isoscape is generated by using the CNN fusion method for the common 1969–2007 period and by using the bias correction methods for remaining years. The generated isoscape, which shows similar spatio-temporal distributions to observations, is reliable and useful for providing strong support for tracking atmospheric and hydrological processes.