bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Robotic Bin Picking Platform Generated From Human Demonstration and YOLOv5
Authors: Park Jinho , Han Changheon , Jun Martin B. G. , Yun Huitaek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVision-based robots have been utilized for pick-and-place operations by their ability to find object poses. As they progress into handling a variety of objects with cluttered state, more flexible and lightweight operations have been presented. In this paper, an autonomous robotic bin-picking platform is proposed. It combines human demonstration with a collaborative robot for the flexibility of the objects and YOLOv5 neural network model for faster object localization without prior computer-aided design models or dataset in the training. After a simple human demonstration of which target object to pick and place, the raw color and depth images were refined, and the one on top of the bin was utilized to create synthetic images and annotations for the YOLOv5 model. To pick up the target object, the point cloud was lifted using the depth data corresponding to the result of the trained YOLOv5 model, and the object pose was estimated by matching them with Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm. After picking up the target object, the robot placed it where the user defined it in the previous human demonstration stage. From the result of experiments with four types of objects and four human demonstrations, it took a total of 0.5 s to recognize the target object and estimate the object pose. The success rate of object detection was 95.6%, and the pick-and-place motion of all the found objects was successful.
Greater Core Endurance Identifies Improved Mechanics During Jump Landing in Female Youth Soccer Athletes
Authors: Pfile Kate , Boling Michelle , Baellow Andrea , Zuk Emma , Nguyen Anh-Dung 
Published: August 2023

Female soccer athletes are at greater risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with males. Risk factors include altered landing biomechanics and diminished core neuromuscular control, measured using advanced laboratory equipment. There is a need for a clinical measure of core muscle function to better understand kinesiological factors within a female, youth athlete population. The purpose was to determine whether sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during a jump landing task differ based on levels of core endurance in female youth soccer athletes. Participants included healthy, female soccer athletes ages 8–17 years (M = 12.3 years, SD = 2.4 years), height (M = 1.52 m, SD = 0.16 m), and body mass (M = 46.0 kg, SD = 13.7 kg). A quantitative data descriptive laboratory study in a field-based setting was conducted. Sixty-six participants performed the side plank test for time to failure. Three-dimensional biomechanics were collected, and initial contact and peak trunk, hip, and knee joint angles were identified during the deceleration phase of a double-leg jump-landing task. The group with the lowest side plank time displayed decreased knee flexion at initial contact (p = .02) and peak knee flexion (p = .03) and decreased peak hip flexion angles (p = .01). There were no additional statistically significant differences among groups (p > .05). Female youth soccer athletes who have reduced core endurance also display decreased hip and knee flexion, which may place them at risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Feasibility and acceptance of artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening in Rwanda
Authors: Whitestone Noelle , Nkurikiye John , Patnaik Jennifer L , Jaccard Nicolas , Lanouette Gabriella , Cherwek David H , Congdon Nathan , Mathenge Wanjiku 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundEvidence on the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is needed.MethodsConsented participants were screened for DR using retinal imaging with AI interpretation from March 2021 to June 2021 at four diabetes clinics in Rwanda. Additionally, images were graded by a UK National Health System-certified retinal image grader. DR grades based on the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy with a grade of 2.0 or higher were considered referable. The AI system was designed to detect optic nerve and macular anomalies outside of DR. A vertical cup to disc ratio of 0.7 and higher and/or macular anomalies recognised at a cut-off of 60% and higher were also considered referable by AI.ResultsAmong 827 participants (59.6% women (n=493)) screened by AI, 33.2% (n=275) were referred for follow-up. Satisfaction with AI screening was high (99.5%, n=823), and 63.7% of participants (n=527) preferred AI over human grading. Compared with human grading, the sensitivity of the AI for referable DR was 92% (95% CI 0.863%, 0.968%), with a specificity of 85% (95% CI 0.751%, 0.882%). Of the participants referred by AI: 88 (32.0%) were for DR only, 109 (39.6%) for DR and an anomaly, 65 (23.6%) for an anomaly only and 13 (4.73%) for other reasons. Adherence to referrals was highest for those referred for DR at 53.4%.ConclusionDR screening using AI led to accurate referrals from diabetes clinics in Rwanda and high rates of participant satisfaction, suggesting AI screening for DR is practical and acceptable.
Rationale for the shielding policy for clinically vulnerable people in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Porter Alison , Akbari Ashley , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Dale Jeremy , Dixon Lucy , Edwards Adrian , Evans Bridie , Griffiths Lesley , John Ann , Jolles Stephen , Kingston Mark Rhys , Lyons Ronan , Morgan Jennifer , Sewell Bernadette , Whiffen Anthony , Williams Victoria Angharad , Snooks Helen 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the first year of the pandemic from March 2020. As the first stage in the EVITE Immunity evaluation (Effects of shielding for vulnerable people during COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes, costs and immunity, including those with cancer:quasi-experimental evaluation), we generated a logic model to describe the programme theory underlying the shielding intervention.Design and participantsWe reviewed published documentation on shielding to develop an initial draft of the logic model. We then discussed this draft during interviews with 13 key stakeholders involved in putting shielding into effect in Wales and England. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically to inform a final draft of the logic model.ResultsThe shielding intervention was a complex one, introduced at pace by multiple agencies working together. We identified three core components: agreement on clinical criteria; development of the list of people appropriate for shielding; and communication of shielding advice. In addition, there was a support programme, available as required to shielding people, including food parcels, financial support and social support. The predicted mechanism of change was that people would isolate themselves and so avoid infection, with the primary intended outcome being reduction in mortality in the shielding group. Unintended impacts included negative impact on mental and physical health and well-being. Details of the intervention varied slightly across the home nations of the UK and were subject to minor revisions during the time the intervention was in place.ConclusionsShielding was a largely untested strategy, aiming to mitigate risk by placing a responsibility on individuals to protect themselves. The model of its rationale, components and outcomes (intended and unintended) will inform evaluation of the impact of shielding and help us to understand its effect and limitations.
Correlates ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeantimicrobial resistance: cross-sectional results from an open cohort sentinel surveillance network in Québec, Canada, 2016–2019
Authors: Blouin Karine , Lefebvre Brigitte , Trudelle Annick , Defay Fannie , Perrault Sullivan Gentiane , Ezin Aloffan Léni Nina Débora , Labbé Annie-Claude 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo examine correlates ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeantimicrobial resistance (AMR) to first-line antimicrobials (azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone).Design and settingThe sentinel surveillance network is an open cohort of gonococcal infection cases from Québec, Canada. Cross-sectional results are reported herein.ParticipantsBetween 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019, data from 886 individuals accounting for 941 gonorrhoea cases were included.MethodsEpidemiological and clinical data were collected using an auto-administered questionnaire, direct case interviews and chart reviews. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method. Generalised estimating equations were used for regression.ResultsThe prevalence of azithromycin resistance with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥2 mg/L was 21.3%. In 2016, men who have sex with men were more likely to be infected with an azithromycin-resistantN. gonorrhoeaeisolate (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=4.73, 95% CI 1.48 to 15.19) or with an isolate with increased third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) MIC (aPR=5.32, 95% CI 1.17 to 24.11 for cefixime (MIC≥0.06 mg/L) and aPR=4.38, 95% CI 1.53 to 12.54 for ceftriaxone (MIC≥0.03 mg/L)). However, these associations were not maintained between 2017 and 2019, with increased MIC observed in men who have sex exclusively with women and women. Overall, azithromycin resistance was significantly more likely in cases who self-reported HIV infection (aPR=1.65, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.71). Cefixime increased MIC were more likely in individuals 25–34 years old (aPR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.21). Cefixime and ceftriaxone increased MIC were both more likely in cases who reported ≥5 sexual partners (cefixime: aPR=2.10, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.27 and ceftriaxone: aPR=1.62, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.30).ConclusionSignificant correlates ofN. gonorrhoeaeAMR to first-line antimicrobials were observed. Antimicrobial stewardship may be particularly important for 3GC. Active monitoring and interventions are critical for 3GC non-susceptible strains, especially considering the very low prevalence in Québec.
Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys in India and Brazil
Authors: Pati Sanghamitra , Sinha Abhinav , Verma Priyanka , Kshatri Jayasingh , Kanungo Srikanta , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Mahapatra Pranab , Pati Sandipana , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Krolow Andria , Teixeira Doralice Severo da Cruz , Batista Sandro , Nunes Bruno P , Weller David , Mercer Stewart W 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMultimorbidity has emerged as a major healthcare challenge in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Brazil. Life course epidemiology suggests that adverse events in early life contribute to an individual’s later health in adulthood. However, little is known about the influence of early life health and social factors on the development of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs. We aimed to explore the association of adult multimorbidity with childhood health and social disadvantages among two LMICs, India and Brazil.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of older adults aged ≥50 years using nationally representative surveys from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018 (n=51 481) and ‘Estudo Longitudinal da Saude e Bem-Estar dos Idosos Brasileirous’, 2015–2016 (n=8730). We estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity along with 95% CI as a measure of uncertainty for all weighted proportions. Log link in generalised linear model was used to assess the association between childhood health and disadvantages with multimorbidity, reported as adjusted prevalence ratio (APR).ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity was 25.53% and 55.24% in India and Brazil, respectively. Participants who perceived their childhood health as poor and missed school for a month or more due to illness had the highest level of multimorbidity across both countries. After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association between adult multimorbidity and poor self-rated childhood health (APR: (India: 1.38, 1.16 to 1.65) and (Brazil: 1.19, 1.09 to 1.30)); and missed school for a month due to illness (AOR: (India: 1.73, 1.49 to 2.01) and (Brazil: 1.16, 1.08 to 1.25)) was observed.ConclusionEarly life health, educational and economic disadvantages are associated with adult multimorbidity and appear to contribute to the later course of life. A life course approach to the prevention of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs may be useful in health programmes and policies.
Flow diversion for the treatment of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kashkoush Ahmed , El-Abtah Mohamed Ehab , Petitt Jordan C , Glauser Gregory , Winkelman Robert , Achey Rebecca L , Davison Mark , Abdulrazzak Mohammad A , Hussain Shazam M , Toth Gabor , Bain Mark , Moore Nina 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFlow diversion (FD: flow diversion, flow diverter) is an endovascular treatment for many intracranial aneurysm types; however, limited reports have explored the use of FDs in bifurcation aneurysm management. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of FD for the management of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms.MethodsA systematic review identified original research articles that used FD for treating intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. Articles with >4 patients that reported outcomes on the use of FDs for the management of bifurcation aneurysms along the anterior communicating artery (AComA), internal carotid artery terminus (ICAt), basilar apex (BA), or middle cerebral artery bifurcation (MCAb) were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.Results19 studies were included with 522 patients harboring 534 bifurcation aneurysms (mean size 9 mm, 78% unruptured). Complete aneurysmal occlusion rate was 68% (95% CI 58.7% to 76.1%, I2=67%) at mean angiographic follow-up of 16 months. Subgroup analysis of FD as a standalone treatment estimated a complete occlusion rate of 69% (95% CI 50% to 83%, I2=38%). The total complication rate was 22% (95% CI 16.7% to 28.6%, I2=51%), largely due to an ischemic complication rate of 16% (95% CI 10.8% to 21.9%, I2=55%). The etiologies of ischemic complications were largely due to jailed artery hypoperfusion (47%) and in-stent thrombosis (38%). 7% of patients suffered permanent symptomatic complications (95% CI 4.5% to 9.8%, I2=6%).ConclusionFD treatment of bifurcation aneurysms has a modest efficacy and relatively unfavorable safety profile. Proceduralists may consider reserving FD as a treatment option if no other surgical or endovascular therapy is deemed feasible.
Single-bolus injection of local anesthetic, with or without continuous infusion, for interscalene brachial plexus block in the setting of multimodal analgesia: a randomized controlled unblinded trial
Authors: Rhyner Patrick , Cachemaille Matthieu , Goetti Patrick , Rossel Jean-Benoit , Boand Melanie , Farron Alain , Albrecht Eric 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPrevious trials favored a continuous interscalene brachial plexus block over a single injection for major shoulder surgery. However, these trials did not administer a multimodal analgesic regimen. This randomized, controlled unblinded trial tested the hypothesis that a continuous infusion of local anesthetic for an interscalene brachial plexus block still provides superior analgesia after major shoulder surgery when compared with a single injection in the setting of multimodal analgesia, inclusive of intravenous dexamethasone, magnesium, acetaminophen and ketorolac.MethodsSixty patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomized to receive a bolus of ropivacaine 0.5%, 20 mL, with or without a continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% 4–8 mL/hour, for an interscalene brachial plexus block. Patients were provided with intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia. The primary outcome was cumulative intravenous morphine consumption at 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included pain scores at rest and on movement, and functional outcomes, measured over 48 hours after surgery.ResultsMedian (IQR) cumulative intravenous morphine consumption at 24 hours postoperatively was 10 mg (4–24) in the continuous infusion group and 14 mg (8–26) in the single injection group (p=0.74). No significant between-group differences were found for any of the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsA continuous infusion of local anesthetic for an interscalene brachial plexus block does not provide superior analgesia after major shoulder surgery when compared with a single injection in the setting of multimodal analgesia, inclusive of intravenous dexamethasone, magnesium, acetaminophen and ketorolac. The findings of this study are limited by performance and detection biases.Trial registration numberNCT04394130.
Vape store density and proximity to schools in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Widiantari Ni Komang , Kurniasari Ni Made Dian , Trapika I Gusti Made Gde Surya Chandra , Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use among youth in Indonesia is rising, and there is no regulation surrounding sale of e-cigarettes. This study aims to map the distribution and density of vape stores and their proximity to schools and cafes as well as assess selling of e-cigarettes to youth under 18 years in Denpasar, Bali.MethodsUsing QGIS V.3.18.1 software, we conducted a geographic mapping of all vape stores followed by a survey of the retailers (n=107). Data were collected in April 2022. Several measures explored included retailers’ density based on the size and population of subdistricts, retailers’ proximity to school. Retailers were asked about selling to youth under 18 years, then its association with distance to schools and other variables were explored.ResultsWe mapped 122 vape stores across Denpasar city with a density of 1.56 per km2of the occupied land for housing, 0.16 stores per 1000 total population and 1.06 stores per 1000 youth population. More than a quarter of the schools (28.3%) and the universities (25.6%) had at least one vape store in 250 m radius, while 97.2% of the stores were within 500 m of a café. Of the 107 vape store retailers interviewed, almost half (43.9%) reported selling vapes to youth under 18 years.ConclusionsRetail availability of e-cigarettes will contribute to the increasing use of this product, especially without a minimum legal sales age. The government should urgently prohibit selling to youth, regulate e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship and prohibit e-cigarette use where conventional smoking is prohibited.
Mairawê e Oikoá: trajetórias
Authors: Weiss Luise 
Published: August 2023

O principal objetivo deste texto situa-se em percorrer dúvidas e questionamentos sobre o processo criativo dos livros denominados Oikoá e Mairawê. Exploraremos as decisões por recursos expressivos, pelas escolhas de materiais, pelos experimentos, pela elaboração de esboços e de rascunhos. Em primeiro lugar, percebe-se a necessidade de reunir o livro e suas imagens, incluindo artes visuais e texto. Não se trata de meros desenhos e ilustrações, acompanhando o texto: destaca-se a necessidade de diálogos, entre o formato do livro, as imagens e as qualidades estéticas/éticas reunidos no projeto Oikoá e Mairawê. Ambos os projetos são do período correspondente aos anos 2021 e 2022.
Family Engagement in the Adult Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Survey of Family Engagement Practices in the Cardiac Critical Care Trials Network
Authors: Goldfarb Michael , Alviar Carlos , Berg David , Katz Jason , Lee Ran , Liu Shuangbo , Maitz Theresa , Padkins Mitchell , Prasad Rajnish , Roswell Robert , Shah Kevin , Thompson Andrea , van Diepen Sean , Zakaria Sammy , Morrow David 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular and critical care professional societies recommend incorporating family engagement practices into routine clinical care. However, little is known about current family engagement practices in contemporary cardiac intensive care units (CICUs).

METHODS:
We implemented a validated 12-item family engagement practice survey among site investigators participating in the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network, a collaborative network of CICUs in North America. The survey includes 9 items assessing specific engagement practices, 1 item about other family-centered care practices, and 2 open-ended questions on strategies and barriers concerning family engagement practice. We developed an engagement practice score by assigning 1 point for each family engagement practice partially or fully adopted at each site (max score 9). We assessed for relationships between the engagement practice score and CICU demographics.

RESULTS:
All sites (N=39; 100%) completed the survey. The most common family engagement practices were open visitation (95%), information and support to families (85%), structured care conferences (n=82%), and family participation in rounds (77%). The median engagement practice score was 5 (interquartile range, 4). There were no differences in engagement practice scores by geographic region or CICU type. The most commonly used strategies to promote family engagement were family presence during rounds (41%), communication (28%), and family meetings (28%). The most common barriers to family engagement were COVID-related visitation policies (38%) and resource limitations (13%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Family engagement practices are routinely performed in many CICUs; however, considerable variability exists. There is a need for strategies to address the variability of family engagement practices in CICUs.
Drought and Flood Extremes on the Amazon River and in Northeast Brazil, 1790–1900
Authors: Granato-Souza Daniela , Stahle David W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent severe droughts, extreme floods, and increasing differences between seasonal high and low flows on the Amazon River may represent a twenty-first-century increase in the amplitude of the hydrologic cycle over the Amazon Basin. These precipitation and streamflow changes may have arisen from natural ocean–atmospheric variability, deforestation within the drainage basin of the Amazon River, or anthropogenic climate change. Tree-ring reconstructions of wet-season precipitation extremes, substantiated with historical accounts of climate and river levels on the Amazon River and in northeast Brazil found in the Brazilian Digital Library, indicate that the recent river-level extremes on the Amazon may have been equaled or possibly exceeded during the preinstrumental nineteenth century. The “Forgotten Drought” of 1865 was the lowest wet-season rainfall total reconstructed with tree-rings in the eastern Amazon from 1790 to 2016 and appears to have been one of the lowest stream levels observed on the Amazon River during the historical era according to first-hand descriptions by Louis Agassiz, his Brazilian colleague João Martins da Silva Coutinho, and others. Heavy rains and flooding are described during most of the tree-ring-reconstructed wet extremes, including the complete inundation of “First Street” in Santarem, Brazil, in 1859 and the overtopping of the Bittencourt Bridge in Manaus, Brazil, in 1892. These extremes in the tree-ring estimates and historical observations indicate that recent high and low flow anomalies on the Amazon River may not have exceeded the natural variability of precipitation and streamflow during the nineteenth century.

Significance Statement
Proxy tree-ring and historical evidence for precipitation extremes during the preinstrumental nineteenth century indicate that recent floods and droughts on the Amazon River may have not yet exceeded the range of natural hydroclimatic variability.