bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Bathymetry Over Heat Transport Onto the Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf
Authors: Haigh Michael , Holland Paul R. , Jenkins Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIce streams such as Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers which terminate at their ice shelves in the eastern Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, are losing mass faster than most others about the continent. The mass loss is due to basal melting, which is influenced by a deep current that transports warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the continental shelf break toward the ice shelves. This current and associated heat transport are controlled by factors such as bottom bathymetry, near‐surface winds and meltwater. Using a realistic regional model as a reference, in this study we use idealized models to examine the role of bathymetric features in determining the shelf‐wide circulation and in enabling heat transport from the deep ocean onto the continental shelf. We find that a ridge that blocks deep westward inflow from the Bellingshausen Sea enables a deep cyclonic circulation on the shelf with an eastward undercurrent immediately south of the shelf break. Inclusion of the ridge enhances heat transport onto the continental shelf; without the ridge the flow features an along‐shelf break westward current that suppresses cross‐shelf break fluxes. We also consider the effects of shifting the prescribed wind forcing profile to the south—a simplified representation of future potential changes to the winds—and we find that the continental shelf is warmer in this scenario. These fundamental investigations will help refine the aims of future fieldwork and modeling.
The Response of Tidewater Glacier Termini Positions in Hornsund (Svalbard) to Climate Forcing, 1992–2020
Authors: Błaszczyk Małgorzata , Moskalik Mateusz , Grabiec Mariusz , Jania Jacek , Walczowski Waldemar , Wawrzyniak Tomasz , Strzelewicz Agnieszka , Malnes Eirik , Lauknes Tom Rune , Pfeffer W. Tad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany Arctic marine‐terminating glaciers have undergone rapid retreats in recent decades. Seasonal and year‐to‐year variations in terminus position act on all tidewater glaciers, but the key controls on those changes vary from region to region. Here, we examined seasonal and decadal changes in termini positions of seven tidewater glaciers in the inner part of Hornsund, the southernmost fjord of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago), based on a variety of data from 1992 to 2020. Combining satellite imagery, basic meteorological data (air temperature, positive degree day index (PDD), liquid precipitation), sea surface temperature (SST), mean temperature in the glacier forefield bays, fast sea ice cover, and bathymetry near the glacier front, we examined the influence of potential controlling parameters on interannual and seasonal variability of the glacier termini. We found regional synchrony between terminus advance/retreat and climate variables. At a regional scale, annual fluctuation changes are related to PDD and SST, while summer fluctuations are linked to PDD, although individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers. We also found that the retreat period in Hornsund generally lasts from June to October‐December. Onset of the retreat is related to sea and air temperature, and in some cases follows the disappearance of the ice cover. These results indicate that the expected increase in meltwater runoff in Svalbard, the input of relatively warm Atlantic water to the fjord, and the increasing trend of longer summer and warmer winter periods will have implications for glacier velocity and frontal ablation.
Strong Effect of Stress on the Seismic Signature of the Post‐Stishovite Phase Transition in the Earth's Lower Mantle
Authors: Wang Biao , Buchen Johannes , Méndez Alba San José , Kurnosov Alexander , Criniti Giacomo , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Marquardt Hauke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe stishovite to post‐stishovite phase transition may modify the scattering of seismic waves by stishovite‐bearing rocks in the Earth's lower mantle. A series of continuous compression experiments on sintered polycrystalline stishovite was performed to study the effect of stress on the phase transition. The experimental results show that the phase transition shifts to lower pressures as the magnitude of deviatoric stress increases. Our results further show that the bulk modulus of sintered polycrystalline stishovite differs from that derived from single crystal measurements and decreases at the phase transition. In cold regions, such as subducted slabs, stresses may accumulate and shift the phase transition to a shallower depth. In hot regions with less stress, such as rising plumes, the phase transition is shifted to a greater depth. In addition, the phase transition may have varying seismic signatures depending on the behavior of the grain boundaries in mantle rocks and the micro‐stresses present in neighboring grains.
Quantifying the Degree of Eddy Quasi‐Geostrophy by Generalizing Rossby Deformation
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Ge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quasi‐geostrophy (QG) of oceanic eddies is scientifically challenging and observationally puzzling because of its marginally balanced yet resolvable nature. Here a quantitative analysis on the degree of eddy QG is carried out using altimetric sea surface height data from multiple missions. We propose a metric of Rossby period of deformation (Td) as an extension to the Rossby radius of deformation (Rd) and its related phase speed of the first baroclinic Rossby wave (Cd) which satisfies Td = Rd/Cd, implying that any robust eddy with a length scale of ∼Rd is supposed to survive for a period longer than the Rossby period ∼Td under an average propagation speed of ∼Cd if a quasi‐geostrophic balance can be maintained. In terms of a generalized Rossby deformation with regards to Rd, Td, and Cd, three indices are defined as baselines to characterize the spatial, temporal, and dynamic aspects of eddy QG according to their effective size, actual lifetime, and propagation speed, respectively.
Day‐To‐Day Quantification of Changes in Global Lightning Activity Based on Schumann Resonances
Authors: Bozóki T. , Sátori G. , Williams E. , Guha A. , Liu Y. , Steinbach P. , Leal A. , Herein M. , Atkinson M. , Beggan C. D. , DiGangi E. , Koloskov A. , Kulak A. , LaPierre J. , Milling D. K. , Mlynarczyk J. , Neska A. , Potapov A. , Raita T. , Rawat R. , Said R. , Sinha A. K. , Yampolski Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of lightning has long been recognized from the point of view of climate‐related phenomena. However, the detailed investigation of lightning on global scales is currently hindered by the incomplete and spatially uneven detection efficiency of ground‐based global lightning detection networks and by the restricted spatio‐temporal coverage of satellite observations. We are developing different methods for investigating global lightning activity based on Schumann resonance (SR) measurements. SRs are global electromagnetic resonances of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity maintained by the vertical component of lightning. Since charge separation in thunderstorms is gravity‐driven, charge is typically separated vertically in thunderclouds, so every lightning flash contributes to the measured SR field. This circumstance makes SR measurements very suitable for climate‐related investigations. In this study, 19 days of global lightning activity in January 2019 are analyzed based on SR intensity records from 18 SR stations and the results are compared with independent lightning observations provided by ground‐based (WWLLN, GLD360, and ENTLN) and satellite‐based (GLM, LIS/OTD) global lightning detection. Daily average SR intensity records from different stations exhibit strong similarity in the investigated time interval. The inferred intensity of global lightning activity varies by a factor of 2–3 on the time scale of 3–5 days which we attribute to continental‐scale temperature changes related to cold air outbreaks from polar regions. While our results demonstrate that the SR phenomenon is a powerful tool to investigate global lightning, it is also clear that currently available technology limits the detailed quantitative evaluation of lightning activity on continental scales.
The Northern and Southern Hemispheric Asymmetries of Mesospheric Ozone at High Latitudes During the January 2012 Solar Proton Events
Authors: Xiong Shiping , Li Jingyuan , Wei Guanchun , Lu Jianyong , Tian Yufeng , Zhang Xiaoping , Fu Shuai , Sun Meng , Li Zheng , Zhang Hua , Cui Jingqi , Jiang Shuwen , Yang Chaolei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObservations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended (WACCM‐X) are used to analyze the impacts of the January 2012 solar proton events (SPEs) on mesospheric ozone at high latitudes. The mesospheric ozone at high latitudes decreased evidently with the increasing proton flux and ionization rates during SPEs. The results of SABER and WACCM‐X both showed that maximum mesospheric ozone depletion reached 100% in the North Hemispheric (NH) high latitudes during SPEs while only 40% in the South Hemispheric (SH) high latitudes. The SPEs‐caused ozone changes simply occurred below 85 km and the ozone changes observed by SABER above 85 km may be associated with day‐to‐day variations. WACCM‐X simulations showed NOx (N, NO, and NO2) increased over 600% in both the northern and southern high latitudes during SPEs, while HOx (H, OH, and HO2) increased over 300% in the NH high latitudes and only over 30% in the SH high latitudes. HOx is the main ozone‐depleting substance because the reactions of NOx are less capable of depleting ozone than the reactions of HOx. Due to the difference in sunlight between the northern and southern hemispheres, ozone, HOx, and NOx exhibited significant northern and southern hemispheric asymmetries. Meanwhile, an increase in ozone after the SPEs was reported but not explained by previous studies. Here it is shown that the decreases in the HOx caused the increases in ozone after the SPEs.
NICUs in the US: levels of acuity, number of beds, and relationships to population factors
Authors: Pineda Roberta , Kati Knudsen  , Breault Courtney C. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Mack Wendy J. , Fernandez-Fernandez Alicia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To 1) define the number and characteristics of NICUs in the United States (US) and 2) identify hospital and population characteristics related to US NICUs.

Study design
Cohort study of US NICUs.

Results
There were 1424 NICUs identified in the US. Higher number of NICU beds was positively associated with higher NICU level (p < 0.0001). Higher acuity level and number of NICU beds related to being in a children’s hospital (p < 0.0001;p < 0.0001), part of an academic center (p = 0.006;p = 0.001), and in a state with Certificate of Need legislation (p = 0.023;p = 0.046). Higher acuity level related to higher population density (p < 0.0001), and higher number of beds related to increasing proportions of minorities in the population up until 50% minorities. There was also significant variation in NICU level by region.

Conclusions
This study contributes new knowledge by describing an updated registry of NICUs in the US in 2021 that can be used for comparisons and benchmarking.
Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients
Authors: Dewald Felix , Pirkl Martin , Paluschinski Martha , Kühn Joachim , Elsner Carina , Schulte Bianca , Knüfer Jacqueline , Ahmadov Elvin , Schlotz Maike , Oral Göksu , Bernhard Michael , Michael Mark , Luxenburger Maura , Andrée Marcel , Hennies Marc Tim , Hafezi Wali , Müller Marlin Maybrit , Kümpers Philipp , Risse Joachim , Kill Clemens , Manegold Randi Katrin , von Frantzki Ute , Richter Enrico , Emmert Dorian , Monzon-Posadas Werner O. , Gräff Ingo , Kogej Monika , Büning Antonia , Baum Maximilian , Teipel Finn , Mochtarzadeh Babak , Wolff Martin , Gruell Henning , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Burst Volker , Streeck Hendrik , Dittmer Ulf , Ludwig Stephan , Timm Jörg , Klein Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDetermining SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical to assess COVID-19 risk and the need for prevention and mitigation strategies. We measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Nucleocapsid seroprevalence and serum neutralizing activity against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in a convenience sample of 1,411 patients receiving medical treatment in the emergency departments of five university hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in August/September 2022. 62% reported underlying medical conditions and 67.7% were vaccinated according to German COVID-19 vaccination recommendations (13.9% fully vaccinated, 54.3% one booster, 23.4% two boosters). We detected Spike-IgG in 95.6%, Nucleocapsid-IgG in 24.0%, and neutralization against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in 94.4%, 85.0%, and 73.8% of participants, respectively. Neutralization against BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 was 5.6- and 23.4-fold lower compared to Wu01. Accuracy of S-IgG detection for determination of neutralizing activity against BQ.1.1 was reduced substantially. We explored previous vaccinations and infections as correlates of BQ.1.1 neutralization using multivariable and Bayesian network analyses. Given a rather moderate adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations, this analysis highlights the need to improve vaccine-uptake to reduce the COVID-19 risk of immune evasive variants. The study was registered as clinical trial (DRKS00029414).
Molecular mechanism of hyperactivation conferred by a truncation of TRPA1
Authors: Bali Avnika , Schaefer Samantha P. , Trier Isabelle , Zhang Alice L. , Kabeche Lilian , Paulsen Candice E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA drastic TRPA1 mutant (R919*) identified in CRAMPT syndrome patients has not been mechanistically characterized. Here, we show that the R919* mutant confers hyperactivity when co-expressed with wild type (WT) TRPA1. Using functional and biochemical assays, we reveal that the R919* mutant co-assembles with WT TRPA1 subunits into heteromeric channels in heterologous cells that are functional at the plasma membrane. The R919* mutant hyperactivates channels by enhancing agonist sensitivity and calcium permeability, which could account for the observed neuronal hypersensitivity-hyperexcitability symptoms. We postulate that R919* TRPA1 subunits contribute to heteromeric channel sensitization by altering pore architecture and lowering energetic barriers to channel activation contributed by the missing regions. Our results expand the physiological impact of nonsense mutations, reveal a genetically tractable mechanism for selective channel sensitization, uncover insights into the process of TRPA1 gating, and provide an impetus for genetic analysis of patients with CRAMPT or other stochastic pain syndromes.
Field-free spin-orbit torque switching via out-of-plane spin-polarization induced by an antiferromagnetic insulator/heavy metal interface
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Zhou Jun , Xu Xiaoguang , Zhang Tanzhao , Zhu Zhiqiang , Guo Zhixian , Deng Yibo , Yang Ming , Meng Kangkang , He Bin , Li Jialiang , Yu Guoqiang , Zhu Tao , Li Ang , Han Xiaodong , Jiang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractManipulating spin polarization orientation is challenging but crucial for field-free spintronic devices. Although such manipulation has been demonstrated in a limited number of antiferromagnetic metal-based systems, the inevitable shunting effects from the metallic layer can reduce the overall device efficiency. In this study, we propose an antiferromagnetic insulator-based heterostructure NiO/Ta/Pt/Co/Pt for such spin polarization control without any shunting effect in the antiferromagnetic layer. We show that zero-field magnetization switching can be realized and is related to the out-of-plane component of spin polarization modulated by the NiO/Pt interface. The zero-field magnetization switching ratio can be effectively tuned by the substrates, in which the easy axis of NiO can be manipulated by the tensile or compressive strain from the substrates. Our work demonstrates that the insulating antiferromagnet based heterostructure is a promising platform to enhance the spin-orbital torque efficiency and achieve field-free magnetization switching, thus opening an avenue towards energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Impaired expression of metallothioneins contributes to allergen-induced inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sirvent Sofia , Vallejo Andres F. , Corden Emma , Teo Ying , Davies James , Clayton Kalum , Seaby Eleanor G. , Lai Chester , Ennis Sarah , Alyami Rfeef , Douilhet Gemma , Dean Lareb S. N. , Loxham Matthew , Horswill Sarah , Healy Eugene , Roberts Graham , Hall Nigel J. , Friedmann Peter S. , Singh Harinder , Bennett Clare L. , Ardern-Jones Michael R , Polak Marta E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegulation of cutaneous immunity is severely compromised in inflammatory skin disease. To investigate the molecular crosstalk underpinning tolerance versus inflammation in atopic dermatitis, we utilise a human in vivo allergen challenge study, exposing atopic dermatitis patients to house dust mite. Here we analyse transcriptional programmes at the population and single cell levels in parallel with immunophenotyping of cutaneous immunocytes revealed a distinct dichotomy in atopic dermatitis patient responsiveness to house dust mite challenge. Our study shows that reactivity to house dust mite was associated with high basal levels of TNF-expressing cutaneous Th17 T cells, and documents the presence of hub structures where Langerhans cells and T cells co-localised. Mechanistically, we identify expression of metallothioneins and transcriptional programmes encoding antioxidant defences across all skin cell types, that appear to protect against allergen-induced inflammation. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MTIX gene are associated with patients who did not react to house dust mite, opening up possibilities for therapeutic interventions modulating metallothionein expression in atopic dermatitis.
Superior ferroelectricity and nonlinear optical response in a hybrid germanium iodide hexagonal perovskite
Authors: Ding Kun , Ye Haoshen , Su Changyuan , Xiong Yu-An , Du Guowei , You Yu-Meng , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Dong Shuai , Zhang Yi , Fu Da-Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbundant chemical diversity and structural tunability make organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) a rich ore for ferroelectrics. However, compared with their inorganic counterparts such as BaTiO3, their ferroelectric key properties, including large spontaneous polarization (Ps), low coercive field (Ec), and strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, have long been great challenges, which hinder their commercial applications. Here, a quasi-one-dimensional OIHP DMAGeI3(DMA = Dimethylamine) is reported, with notable ferroelectric attributes at room temperature: a largePsof 24.14 μC/cm2(on a par with BaTiO3), a lowEcbelow 2.2 kV/cm, and the strongest SHG intensity in OIHP family (about 12 times of KH2PO4(KDP)). Revealed by the first-principles calculations, its largePsoriginates from the synergistic effects of the stereochemically active 4s2lone pair of Ge2+and the ordering of organic cations, and its low kinetic energy barrier of small DMA cations results in a lowEc. Our work brings the comprehensive ferroelectric performances of OIHPs to a comparable level with commercial inorganic ferroelectric perovskites.
Surface modification using heptafluorobutyric acid to produce highly stable Li metal anodes
Authors: Xie Yuxiang , Huang Yixin , Zhang Yinggan , Wu Tairui , Liu Shishi , Sun Miaolan , Lee Bruce , Lin Zhen , Chen Hui , Dai Peng , Huang Zheng , Yang Jian , Shi Chenguang , Wu Deyin , Huang Ling , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Sun Shigang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Li metal is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential. However, its high reactivity and dendritic growth in carbonate-based electrolytes limit its application. To address these issues, we propose a novel surface modification technique using heptafluorobutyric acid. In-situ spontaneous reaction between Li and the organic acid generates a lithiophilic interface of lithium heptafluorobutyrate for dendrite-free uniform Li deposition, which significantly improves the cycle stability (Li/Li symmetric cells >1200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2) and Coulombic efficiency (>99.3%) in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. This lithiophilic interface also enables full batteries to achieve 83.2% capacity retention over 300 cycles under realistic testing condition. Lithium heptafluorobutyrate interface acts as an electrical bridge for uniform lithium-ion flux between Li anode and plating Li, which minimizes the occurrence of tortuous lithium dendrites and lowers interface impedance.
Generalization of the mixed-space cluster expansion method for arbitrary lattices
Authors: Wang Kang , Cheng Du , Zhou Bi-Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMixed-space cluster expansion (MSCE), a first-principles method to simultaneously model the configuration-dependent short-ranged chemical and long-ranged strain interactions in alloy thermodynamics, has been successfully applied to binary FCC and BCC alloys. However, the previously reported MSCE method is limited to binary alloys with cubic crystal symmetry on a single sublattice. In the current work, MSCE is generalized to systems with multiple sublattices by formulating compatible reciprocal space interactions and combined with a crystal-symmetry-agnostic algorithm for the calculation of constituent strain energy. This generalized approach is then demonstrated in a hypothetical HCP system and Mg-Zn alloys. The current MSCE can significantly improve the accuracy of the energy parameterization and account for all the fully relaxed structures regardless of lattice distortion. The generalized MSCE method makes it possible to simultaneously analyze the short- and long-ranged configuration-dependent interactions in crystalline materials with arbitrary lattices with the accuracy of typical first-principles methods.
An automated workflow for multi-omics screening of microbial model organisms
Authors: Donati Stefano , Mattanovich Matthias , Hjort Pernille , Jacobsen Simo Abdessamad Baallal , Blomquist Sarah Dina , Mangaard Drude , Gurdo Nicolas , Pastor Felix Pacheco , Maury Jérôme , Hanke Rene , Herrgård Markus J. , Wulff Tune , Jakočiūnas Tadas , Nielsen Lars Keld , McCloskey Douglas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti-omics datasets are becoming of key importance to drive discovery in fundamental research as much as generating knowledge for applied biotechnology. However, the construction of such large datasets is usually time-consuming and expensive. Automation might enable to overcome these issues by streamlining workflows from sample generation to data analysis. Here, we describe the construction of a complex workflow for the generation of high-throughput microbial multi-omics datasets. The workflow comprises a custom-built platform for automated cultivation and sampling of microbes, sample preparation protocols, analytical methods for sample analysis and automated scripts for raw data processing. We demonstrate possibilities and limitations of such workflow in generating data for three biotechnologically relevant model organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pseudomonas putida.