bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a clinical ethics support instrument for palliative care (CURA): facilitators, barriers, and strategies
Authors: Metselaar Suzanne , Schaik Malene , Widdershoven Guy , Pasman H. Roeline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To support healthcare professionals in dealing with moral challenges in palliative care, CURA, a clinical ethics support instrument, was developed. The aim of the present study is to identify facilitators for and barriers to the implementation of CURA in healthcare organizations, and to identify strategies for improving the implementation of CURA.
Methods
Design: We used a mixed-method design combining quantitative and qualitative methods (a questionnaire and group interviews).
Setting: 13 healthcare facilities in which palliative care is provided and in which CURA is implemented: three general hospitals, five nursing homes, two hospices, three home care organizations.
Data collection and participants: The quantitative part of the study comprised a questionnaire with determinants for successful implementation. Data were obtained 18 months after the start of implementation. Respondents were 47 care providers who were trained as so-called ‘CURA ambassadors’, i.e., pioneers in initiating, facilitating and implementing CURA in their organization. The qualitativepart of the study consisted of both open questions to the respondents to the questionnaire and three group interviews (total n=10).
Analysis: Quantitative data of the questionnaire were analyzed descriptively. Qualitative data were analysed using both deductive content analysis on main themes and inductive content analysis on subthemes.
Results
We identified facilitators, barriers and strategies at four levels of implementation: intervention, users, organization, and socio-political context. Important facilitators pertain to CURA’s time efficiency, perceived effectiveness, attitude and competences of CURA ambassadors, commitment and support from colleagues and management. Major barriers were a lack of (allocation of) time, and resistance towards new interventions in the organization. Strategies pertain to embedding the use of CURA in existing structures, and pro-actively convincing colleagues and management of the benefits of using CURA.
Conclusions
Our research on the implementation of CURA, adds to the scarce knowledge that we have on how to implement clinical ethics support in healthcare organizations. Our findings provide concrete suggestions to organizations providing palliative care that seek to implement CURA, such as using evidence on the effectiveness of CURA to convince management, or to embed the use of CURA during meetings that are already scheduled and part of work routines.
Deciphering the Electrostatic and Structural dynamics due to point Mutation in DNA gyrase leading to acquired Quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rai Sumit Kumar , Singh Dev Bukhsh , Singh Satendra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The structural bioinformatics analysis approach provides valuable information regarding the protein’s structure and function by analyzing the contribution of each and every amino acid residue present in its active site. Residue substitution in the active site has a profound effect on the protein’s shape, stability, binding affinity, charge distribution, etc. We inserted a mutation in the DNA gyrase protein's A chain (3ILW_wild) to understand the structural and electrical alternations, resulting in the formation of the 3ILW_G88A, 3ILW_G88C, 3ILW_D94G, and 3ILW_D94H mutant proteins. The molecular docking approach was applied to screen the best-interacting fourth-generation quinolone antibiotics and to elucidate their stability, binding affinity, and interaction pattern with the wild protein. The results of molecular docking studies suggested that delafloxacin (dfx) had the highest binding affinity with the DNA gyrase A chain and fits best at the active site. Mutant proteins were again docked with delafloxacin to monitor the effect of residue change on the protein’s properties. The results of the molecular docking approach were further validated by molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation studies. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 ns were carried out for five protein systems. Parameters like RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, H-bond, and solvent-accessible area obtained from MD simulation studies revealed that the mutant proteins experienced greater rigidity and lesser structural fluctuations than the wild protein. Electrostatic investigation and comparison of BFE revealed that the electrostatic interactions were reduced, and this reduction directly affected the binding affinity of proteins and ligand molecules. Per-residue BFE decomposition and hydrogen bond analysis indicated that the reduced interaction was due to loss or gain of hydrophilic/hydrophobic or positively/negatively charged residues. It is worth noting that mutation at position 94 of DNA gyrase A has a very profound effect as it shows a positive contribution towards increased resistance and reduced binding affinity with delafloxacin.
Research on a novel hybrid single cavity structure for cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Canyu , Zhang Zeyang , Xing Chaochao , Zhang Cong , Lu Liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In recent decades, significant advancements have been made in accelerator technology, particularly with the hybrid single cavity (HSC). The HSC technology combines a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tubes linac (DTL) within a unified interdigital H-type (IH) structure, resulting in enhanced compactness and system simplification. However, this design presents two fundamental challenges: reduced beam transmission efficiency and the concentration of electromagnetic (EM) fields at the matching section between RFQ and DTL sections. To address these issues, a novel coupled-window structure (CWS) has been devised to mitigate the effects of the EM fields. This paper explores the design and optimization of a 100 MHz HSC for high intensity carbon beam cancer therapy. The new HSC cavity is engineered to accelerate 20 mA C6+ beams from 20 keV/u to 4 MeV/u within a distance of 4.4 m, achieving a total transmission efficiency of 91%. These outcomes are attainable through the implementation of CWS, which effectively mitigates the challenges associated with matching dynamic fields between the RFQ and DTL sections.
Exploring the Role of AI-Driven Dynamic Writing Platforms in Improving EFL Learners' Writing Skills and Fostering Their Motivation
Authors: Tajik Aliakbar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

AI-powered platforms for dynamic writing present transformative opportunities to enhance English language acquisition and actively engage learners in writing tasks. However, the role of artificial intelligence in improving writing proficiency and fostering motivation among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners remains an area that has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This research endeavor seeks to address the prevailing knowledge gap in the field by exploring the influence of AI-powered writing platforms on the writing skills of EFL learners. The study's objectives encompass the assessment of the impact of these platforms on coherence, vocabulary usage, grammatical accuracy, task accomplishment, and learner motivation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study examined 65 intermediate EFL students from the Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch, who were divided into two groups: one employed AI-powered tools, while the other followed traditional classroom-based writing exercises. Quantitative data were gathered via IELTS-based assessments and motivation scales, while qualitative insights were derived from semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed substantial enhancements in the AI group across all measured dimensions in comparison to the control group. Additionally, the AI group demonstrated a significant surge in motivation levels. Learners in the AI group reported positive attitudes toward AI-based instruction, citing improvements in engagement, autonomy, and confidence in their writing. The platform also fostered greater self-regulation and personalized learning experiences, which participants found effective and enjoyable. The findings emphasize the efficacy of AI-based writing platforms in enhancing linguistic proficiency and motivational levels among EFL learners. The study provides practical insights for incorporating AI technologies into writing instruction, encouraging educators to leverage such tools for more effective and engaging language learning practices.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ НА МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ПЕРЕКРЕСТКАХ: ВМЕСТО ПРЕДИСЛОВИЯ
Authors: КОНОВАЛОВА И.Г. 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются ключевые проблемы современной исторической географии, связанные с пространственным поворотом в гуманитарной науке, а также обсуждаются перспективы междисциплинарного взаимодействия между представителями исторического и географического научных сообществ.
The article addresses the key issues of modern historical geography associated with the spatial turn in the humanities, and discusses the prospects for interdisciplinary interaction between the historical and geographical research communities
ПЕРИКЛ, ЛАМАХ И ПОНТ ЕВКСИНСКИЙ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ОНОМАСТИКА: О ПОЛЬЗЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДАННЫХ
Authors: СУРИКОВ И.Е. 
Published: January 2025

Автор предпринимает попытку показать, что при комбинированном использовании ономастические данные могут внести ясность в ряд спорных проблем исторической географии. В качестве примера выбрана понтийская экспедиция Перикла (ок.437436гг. до н.э.). В результате привлечения данных ономастики установлено следующее: 1.Флот Перикла, несомненно, побывал в Северном Причерноморье. 2.Дополнительно подтверждается афинское присутствие в Нимфее и выявляется посещение флотом Перикла Пантикапея. 3.Херсонес Таврический оказывается безусловно существующим на момент экспедиции таким образом, любые мнения о более позднем его основании должны быть отвергнуты.
The article demonstrates that the combined use of onomastic data can clarify some disputed problems of historical geography. The author takes Pericles Pontic expedition (ca. 437436 BC) for an example. As a result of the use of onomastic data, it is possible now to state that: 1)Pericles fleet undoubtedly visited the Northern Black Sea region 2)additional confirmations appear of the Athenians presence in Nymphaeum, as does the first firm evidence of the visit of Pericles fleet to Panticapaeum 3)Chersonesos Taurica was no doubt in existence by the time of the expedition any arguments for its later foundation must be rejected.
ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ ИЛИ РАЗВОРОТ? τὸ πέρας τῆς ἀνακομιδῆς В «ПЕРИПЛЕ ЭРИТРЕЙСКОГО МОРЯ» (3: 1. 12‒15)
Authors: БУХАРИН М.Д. 
Published: January 2025

Двухсотлетие исследования Перипла Эритрейского моря до сих пор не выявили значение одного из базовых понятий торговой терминологии его безымянного автора: . Практически все исследователи трактовали это понятие как конечный пункт возвращения из плавания и относили его к Беренике. Анализ расстояний, приведенных автором Перипла , показал, что под данным понятием следует понимать пункт разворота, а не возвращения, который следует локализовать в современном Анфайлском заливе (The Anfile Bay). Это означает, что один из путей морской торговли, описанных в Перипле , не пересекал Баб эль-мандебский пролив.
Two hundred years of studies of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea have not revealed the meaning of one of the basic concepts of the trade terminology used by its anonymous author: . Practically all interpreters of the text treated it as an indication of the final point on the way back, i.e. Berenice. However, analysis of the distances between the ports shows that this concept means a turn (i.e. the beginning of the way back) rather than a point of return, and should be placed in the modern Anfile Bay. This means that one of the trade routes described in the Periplus did not cross the modern strait of Bb al-Mandab.
ЭСХАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ В IX ВЕКЕ:КОНЕЦ ЗЕМЛИ И ОБРАЩЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕДНИХ НАРОДОВ
Authors: ЧЕКИН Л.С. 
Published: January 2025

Возрожденная как в Византии, так и на латинском Западе идея империи привела к новому осознанию пространственного мира и вновь оживила эсхатологические ожидания, согласно которым пространственное расширение христианства до концов земли приблизит и временной конец мира. Сравнительное изучение свидетельств о обращении хазар в иудейскую веру (Христиан из Ставло), о миссии Ансгария к свеонам (Римберт) и о так называемом первом крещении руси (в Окружном послании патриарха Фотия) добавляет новое измерение соперничеству между церквями во второй половине IX века. Они устремлялись к последнему пределу христианской миссии, к концам земли , в результате создавая этнографическую карту региона, известного в наше время как Восточная и Северная Европа.
The revival of the imperial idea both in Byzantium and in the Latin West resulted in a new awareness of the spatial world and renewed eschatological expectations. The spreading of the Gospel to the spatial ends of the earth was supposed to bring about the temporal end of the world. A comparative study of records about the conversion of Khazars to Judaism (by Christian of Stavelot), about St. Ansgars mission to the Swedes (by Rimbert) and about the so called First Baptism of Rus (in the Circular Letter of Patriarch Photius) adds a new dimension to the famous rivalry between the Eastern and Western Churches in the second half of the ninth century. They were competing for the last frontier of the Christian mission, the ends of the Earth, and thus creating a new ethnographic map of what is known today as Eastern and Northern Europe.
ИНОСТРАНЦЫ В ПРИАМУРЬЕВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕXVIII – НАЧАЛЕ XIX ВЕКА:В ПОИСКАХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ТОРГОВОГО И МИССИОНЕРСКОГО ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЯ В ЦИНСКУЮ ИМПЕРИЮ ИЗ РОССИИ
Authors: ПОСТНИКОВ А.В. 
Published: January 2025

Европейцы, особенно англичане, очень интересовались практически неизвестными до того землями и теми драматическими событиями, которые на них развернулись благодаря соприкосновению двух великих империй Российской и Цинской, завершившемуся заключением Нерчинского договора и отторжением левобережья Амура от России. Создалась новая геополитическая ситуация, в которой англичане усматривали для себя возможность освоения более короткого, чем океанический, сухопутного пути в Китай и проникновения в эту весьма закрытую для внешнего мира империю с черного хода для усиления в ней своего торгового и политического присутствия. Помимо рассмотрения этой важнейшей геополитической составляющей, анализ трудов иностранных путешественников в Забайкалье позволяет выявить недостаточно или предвзято освещавшиеся в отечественной (и, особенно, советской) литературе вопросы взаимоотношений русского и туземного населения, миссионерской деятельности Русской Православной церкви, организации и функционирования системы сибирских тюрем и ссылки.
Europeans, especially the English, were heavily interested in the previously unknown regions of Siberia and in the dramatic events, which developed there due to the encounter of the two great powers, Russia and China and led to the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 and Russias loss of the left bank of the Amur. In this new geopolitical situation, the English were inclined to see an opportunity of reaching China by land, which would be faster than the sea route that they had had to use before. Besides their geopolitical content, the foreign travelers writings offer important new data about Russian-native relations, the history of the missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, and the development of the system of exile, prisons, and camps in Siberia.
К ВОПРОСУ О «ЛИЧНОСТИ ИРЛАНДИИ»:ИСТОРИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ОБРАЗЫ ОСТРОВА В РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАХ КОНЦА XIX – НАЧАЛА XXI ВЕКОВ
Authors: КОРАНДЕЙ Ф.С. 
Published: January 2025

Цель работы анализ устойчивых приемов географической характеристики в книгах по ирландской истории и географии. Тривиальное для географа суждение о том, что в основе регионального анализа лежит синтез данных, полученных опосредованным путем, а региональное описание является не только отражением реальности, но и генерализацией, справедливо и для больших форм историографии. Необходимость определить территориальные рамки сочинения ставит перед историком такую же задачу регионализации, как и перед географом. В работе исследуется географический образ как устойчивое представление о территории, формируемое в результате взаимодействия иных географических понятий. В рассмотренных случаях представление об Ирландии как о географическом единстве формировалось через посредство: I) идеи исторической провинции II)последовательности политико-географических образов конкретного путешествия III) картины ландшафта острова, привязанной к определенной эпохе и данной в соотнесении с другими подобными историческими срезами IV) системы из двух островов, позволяющей охарактеризовать культурно-историческую специфику одного из них путем сопоставления с другой частью архипелага V) подобной же системы, но построенной на географических оппозициях, намеченных внутри самого острова.
This paper examines standard approaches to geographical description in published geographies and histories of Ireland. The use of the regional method implies indirect observation, generalization, and intellectual construction. It is true of geographical narratives and historiography. The geographer and the historian face the same problem of regionalization when they define the territorial framework for their study. The article considers geographical image as a stable representation of territory based on other geographical concepts. The idea of Ireland as a historical-geographical entity was shaped by i)the concept of historical provinces ii)the sequence of spatio-political images of travels iii)the metonymical transfer from the picture of a typical landscape to the conception of the whole country iv)the juxtaposition of the two islands and v)spatial oppositions within the island.
РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ ФОРМАТЫ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ КАРТ УЕЗДА И ВОЛОСТИ (СТАНА) СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ РОССИИ XIII–XVII ВЕКОВ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ВЗВАДА, ВОЛОКА ЛАМСКОГОИ МОСКОВСКИХ ВОЛОСТЕЙ ВОРЯ И ПЕХОРКА)
Authors: ЧЕРНОВ С.З. 
Published: January 2025

В статье, опираясь на результаты конкретных историко-археологических исследований, автор предлагает формат схемы уезда, содержащей изображение входящих в него волостей (станов), а также формат карты волости (стана) XIII-XVII вв. в масштабе 1:25000. На примере волости Воря Московского уезда и Сестринского стана Волоцкого уезда демонстрируется, какие именно реалии и объекты могут быть отражены на этих картах.
The author offers some patterns which may be used by scholars to make historical maps in 1:25000 scale. These patterns are as follows: a format for an uezd map that consists of volosti (stany), and a format for a volost (stan) in the 13th 17th centuries. The article is based on the results of specific historical and archeological studies. Using the example of Voria volost of Moscow uezd and Sestrinskii stan of Volok uezd, the author demonstrates which realities and objects may be represented on such maps.
К МЕТОДИКЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МИКРОТОПОГРАФИИ СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ (ОПЫТ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ЭТНОГРАФИИ)
Authors: ТУТОРСКИЙ А.В. 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются выработанные отечественной этнографической наукой методики исследования микротопографии сельских поселений. Досередины XXв. не существовало единой терминологии в области исследования микрогеографии сельских поселений. В 1953 г. М.В.Витовым было предложено выделять четыре направления микрогеографических исследований: исследование типов поселений , типов заселения , форм поселений и типов расселения. Взаключительном разделе статьи приводятся примеры изучения взаимосвязи этничности и форм поселений, форм расселения и общинной организации, исторической динамики трансформации типов заселения.
The article analyzes different types of rural settlements, as described in Russian ethnographical science. Before the 1950s, different approaches did not correlate with each other (works by Fenomenov, Kuftin, Cheboksarov). In 1953 Mikhail Vitov proposed four aspects of researching rural settlements 1) the study ofsocio-economic types of settlements 2)thestudy oftypes of land occupation, focused on the settlements relation to the landscape 3) the study of settlement forms, focused on the topographic makeup of settlements 4) the study of types of settling, which is focused on the relations ofthe settlement to other settlements.
Germanium oxidation state and substitution mechanism in Ge-rich sphalerite from MVT deposits: constraints from X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and geometry optimization
Authors: Niu Pan-Pan , Jiang Shao-Yong , Muñoz Manuel , Bonnet Clément , Mathon Olivier , Boiron Marie-Christine , Wei Hai-Zhen , Xiong Suo-Fei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sphalerite is a crucial host mineral for germanium (Ge) resources worldwide. However, the oxidation state (+2 or +4) of Ge and its substitution mechanism in sphalerite remain subjects of ongoing debate. The Huize and Maoping deposits are the largest and second largest Pb-Zn-Ge deposits in the MVT metallogenic province in Southwest China, respectively. Four types of Ge-rich sphalerite have been identified within these two deposits: C1-Huize, C3-Huize, C1-Maoping, and C5-Maoping. This study employs synchrotron-based microscale X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) methods, including X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS) methods, to investigate the Ge distribution, oxidation state, and neighboring atomic environment within the Huize and Maoping Ge-rich sphalerite for the first time. The findings suggest that the orporation of Ge4+ and Cu+ into sphalerite occurs at varying Cu/Ge molar ratios, depending on the availability/concentration of Cu in the sphalerite (i.e., Cu/Ge ≥ 2). On the other hand, Ge2+ and Ge4+ coexist when Ge and one vacancy (□) substitute for Zn in sphalerite. These different types of Ge substitutions influence the position of Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell in the structure, while they have minor effects on the location of S atoms in the first neighboring atomic shell. The presence of vacancies strongly affects Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell when coupled with Ge substitution in sphalerite, resulting in smaller interatomic distances and significant structural disorder (Debye-Waller factor). Additionally, two Cd2+ ions are required to co-replace two Zn2+ ions to fill the structural defects caused by vacancies. In contrast, the substitution of Cu+ and Ge4+ for two Zn ions results in a more ordered spatial structure, which is not distinctly controlled by the Fe content of sphalerite. Based on the characterization of the Ge oxidation state and local structure, we redefined the Ge substitution mechanisms inferred from element correlations: (1) Ge4+ + 2Cd2++□(vacancy) → 4Zn2+ and Ge2+ → Zn2+ in C1-Huize; (2) Ge4+ + 2Cu+ → 3Zn2+ in C3-Huize and C1-Maoping; and (3) 3Cu+ + As3+ + Ge4+ → 5Zn2+ in C5-Maoping. This study not only elucidates the distribution of Ge in different valence states but also unveils its true spatial structure in sphalerite. These findings have significant implications for investigating Ge substitution and enrichment mechanisms in sphalerite.