bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous adaptability: Learning, cash resources, and the fine‐grained adjustment of misaligned governance
Authors: Martin Xavier , Cuypers Ilya R. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWhen can a firm make fine‐grained adjustments to misaligned subsidiary governance? We examine whether and under what conditions a firm will adapt the equity stake it owns in a subsidiary, enabling improved alignment of the stake with the uncertainty in the local environment. We predict that the rate of adaptation of misaligned equity stakes depends on the experiential and vicarious learning from which the firm can draw, and that these learning effects are contingent on possessing fungible slack resources, specifically cash. Using a sample of 726 Japanese‐foreign subsidiaries established in 38 host countries over a 21‐year period, we find support in line with our predictions. Overall, this study explicates heterogeneous adaptability in subsidiary governance and similar strategic tasks.Managerial SummaryWhether due to suboptimal choices or changing conditions, firms must sometimes change how they relate with and control their subsidiaries. Whereas much research has addressed adaptation in the form of discrete changes in ownership mode, we examine under what conditions a firm can make fine‐grained adjustments to misaligned subsidiary governance. We argue that a firm can learn to make such adjustments, not only from its own experience but also vicariously by observing other firms in the same foreign environment. Furthermore, we consider whether cash is a valuable resource for this purpose. Overall, this study shows how firms can pursue strategic adaptation in subsidiary governance and related tasks.
Pt‐Loaded Nb─W Metal Composite Oxide for Selective Cleavage of Secondary C─O Bonds
Authors: Chen Jinghu , Xia Qineng , Guo Yong , Wang Yangang , Li Xi , Wang Mingming , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Yanqin , Sofianos Maria Veronica , Liu Shaomin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) is recognized as one of the most promising reactions for the valorization of biomass. Precise activation of C─O bonds of glycerol molecule is the key step to realize the high yield of catalytic conversion. Here, a Pt‐loaded Nb–W composite oxides with crystallographic shear phase for the precise activation and cleavage of secondary C─O (C(2)─O) bonds are first reported. The developed Nb14W3O44 with uniform structure possesses arrays of W–O–Nb active sites that totally distinct from individual WOx or NbOx species, which is superior to the adsorption and activation of C(2)─O bonds. The Nb14W3O44 support with rich reversible redox couples also promotes the electron feedback ability of Pt and enhances its interaction with Pt nanoparticles, resulting in high activity for H2 dissociation and hydrogenation. All these favorable factors confer the Pt/Nb14W3O44 excellent performance for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3‐PDO with the yield of 75.2% exceeding the record of 66%, paying the way for the commercial development of biomass conversion. The reported catalysts or approach can also be adopted to create a family of Nb–W metal composite oxides for other catalytic reactions requiring selective C─O bond activation and cleavage.
Modulating Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Photosensitive MOF and Co(II) Proton Reduction Sites for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Bai Jianguo , Wang Jun , Zheng Hao , Zhao Xiaoli , Wu Pengyan , Pei Li , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen production via water splitting is the subject of intense research. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between a photosensitizer (PS) and a proton reduction catalyst is a prerequisite step and crucial to affecting hydrogen production efficiency. Herein, three photoactive metal–organic framework (MOF) systems having two different PET processes where PS and Co(II) centers are either covalently bonded or coexisting to drive photocatalytic H2 production are built. Compared to these two intramolecular PET systems including CoII‐Zn‐PDTP prepared from the post‐synthetic metalation toward uncoordinated pyridine N sites of Zn‐PDTP and sole cobalt‐based MOF Co‐PDTP, the CoII(bpy)3@Zn‐PDTP system impregnated by molecular cocatalyst possessing intermolecular PET process achieves the highest H2 evolution rate of 116.8 mmol g−1 h−1 over a period of 10 h, about 7.5 and 9.3 times compared to CoII‐Zn‐PDTP and Co‐PDTP in visible‐light‐driven H2 evolution, respectively. Further studies reveal that the enhanced photoactivity in CoII(bpy)3@Zn‐PDTP can be ascribed to the high charge‐separation efficiency of Zn‐PDTP and the synergistic intermolecular interaction between Zn‐PDTP and cobalt complexes. The present work demonstrates that the rational design of PET process between MOFs and catalytic metal sites can be a viable strategy for the development of highly efficient photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activities.
Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Language Education Research: Insights from Using OpenAI's ChatGPT
Authors: Pack Austin , Maloney Jeffrey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProgress made in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in recent years has resulted in these tools becoming more accessible for individuals who lack professional training. Of particular note are large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT‐3.5. Discussions of utilizing AI for language education usually focus on the impact the technology will have on students and teachers. Less frequently the center of attention is how generative AI tools can empower researchers. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness by demonstrating and discussing examples of how OpenAI's chatbot, ChatGPT, can be leveraged as a tool for language education researchers. After briefly introducing the use of AI generative tools in the field, this paper demonstrates how a researcher, without any understanding of NLP or AI, may use ChatGPT to assist with research through multiple means, including approaches to its use for compiling and summarizing information, and as a research assistant throughout multiple steps of research. This is followed by a discussion of potential ethical concerns of using AI for research in the field. We conclude by issuing a call for further work examining how researchers can harness the potential of this technology in ethical ways.
Integrated Diagnostics: The Future of Diagnostic Medicine?
Authors: Plebani Mario , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent progress in diagnostic testing could enable more accurate diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes. However, diagnostic data are fragmented, being produced and delivered within the “silo” of each diagnostic discipline, and the electronic health record does little to synthesize existing data to be translated into usable and actionable information. Therefore, despite great promise, diagnoses may still be incorrect, delayed, or never made. Integrated diagnostics represents a vision for the future, wherein laboratory, pathology and imaging data, together with clinical information, are aggregated to support through expert systems, algorithms based on machine learning and artificial intelligence the provision to clinicians of a more actionable diagnostic information. The possible convergence of laboratory, pathology, and imaging test results within the same medical report is, therefore, a valuable goal to foster earlier and more accurate diagnoses, and personalized medicine.
Biochemical Diagnosis of Thyroid Dysfunctions
Authors: Giovanella Luca , D’Aurizio Federica , Ovčariček Petra Petranović 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThyroid dysfunctions are among the most common endocrine disorders and accurate biochemical testing is integral to assess thyroid patients. Notably, true hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in the setting of a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level are highly unlikely, making the assessment of free thyroxine (FT4) inappropriate in most new cases. However, FT4 measurement is pivotal in both the diagnosis and management of relevant central dysfunctions (central hypothyroidism and central hyperthyroidism) as well as for monitoring therapy in hyperthyroid patients treated with antithyroid drugs or radioiodine.Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) measurement, however, rarely adds clinically relevant information with the exception of patients with suppressed TSH and normal FT4 levels, in order to confirm or exclude the so-called T3-toxicosis, generally observed in patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and potentially associate with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. However, technical and interpretative challenges still remain making bidirectional communication between the laboratory and clinical specialists pivotal to properly select reliable methods, establish clinically appropriate reference intervals, investigate discordant results, and monitor the analytical and clinical performances of different methods over time.
Breaking and Fixing Garbled Circuits When a Gate has Duplicate Input Wires
Authors: Nieminen Raine , Schneider Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGarbled circuits are a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows two or more parties to securely evaluate an arbitrary Boolean circuit without revealing any information beyond the output using a constant number of communication rounds. Garbled circuits have been introduced by Yao (FOCS’86) and generalized to the multi-party setting by Beaver, Micali and Rogaway (STOC’90). Since then, several works have improved their efficiency by providing different garbling schemes and several implementations exist. Starting with the seminal Fairplay compiler (USENIX Security’04), several implementation frameworks decoupled the task of compiling the function to be evaluated into a Boolean circuit from the engine that securely evaluates that circuit, e.g., using a secure two-party computation protocol based on garbled circuits. In this paper, we show that this decoupling of circuit generation and evaluation allows a subtle attack on several prominent garbling schemes. It occurs when violating the implicit assumption on the circuit that gates have different input wires which is most often not explicitly specified in the respective papers. The affected garbling schemes use separate calls to a deterministic encryption function for the left and right input wire of a gate to derive pseudo-random encryption pads that are XORed together. When a circuit contains a gate where the left and right input wire are the same, these two per-wire encryption pads cancel out and we demonstrate that this can result in a complete break of privacy. We show how the vulnerable garbling schemes can be fixed easily.
Generic Gröbner basis of a parametric ideal and its application to a comprehensive Gröbner system
Authors: Nabeshima Katsusuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA relationship between a parametric ideal and its generic Gröbner basis is discussed, and a new stability condition of a Gröbner basis is given. It is shown that the ideal quotient of the parametric ideal by the ideal generated using the generic Gröbner basis provides the stability condition. Further, the stability condition is utilized to compute a comprehensive Gröbner system, and hence as an application, we obtain a new algorithm for computing comprehensive Gröbner systems. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in the computer algebra system Risa/Asir and experimented with a number of examples. Its performance (execution timings) has been compared with the Kapur-Sun-Wang’s algorithm for computing comprehensive Gröbner systems.
Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) including renal parenchymal malformations during fetal life and the implementation of prenatal exome sequencing (WES)
Authors: Koenigbauer Josefine Theresia , Fangmann Laura , Reinhardt Charlotte , Weichert Alexander , Henrich Wolfgang , Saskia Biskup , Gabriel Heinz-Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives and background
Congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) have a prevalence of 4–60 in 10,000 livebirths and constitute for 40–50% of all end stage pediatric kidney disease. CAKUT can have a genetic background due to monogenetic inherited disease, such as PKD or ciliopathies. They can also be found in combination with extra-renal findings as part of a syndrome. Upon detection of genitourinary malformations during the fetal anomaly scan the question arises if further genetic testing is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic presentation of CAKUT cases and the results of exome analysis (WES).

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 63 fetal cases with a diagnosis of CAKUT or DSD at a single center between August 2018 and December 2022.

Results
A total of 63 cases (5.6%) out of 1123 matched CAKUT phenotypes including renal parenchyma malformations. In 15 out of 63 WES analysis a pathogenic variant was detected (23.8%). In fetuses with isolated CAKUT the rate of detecting a pathogenic variant on exome sequencing was five out of 44 (11.4%). Ten out of 19 fetuses (52.6%) that displayed extra-renal findings in combination with CAKUT were diagnosed with a pathogenic variant.

Conclusions
WES provides an increase in diagnosing pathogenic variants in cases of prenatally detected CAKUT. Especially in fetuses with extra-renal malformations, WES facilitates a gain in information on the fetal genotype to enhance prenatal counselling and management.
More than just blood, saliva, or sperm—setup of a workflow for body fluid identification by DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Konrad Helen , Jürgens Leandra , Hartung Benno , Poetsch Micaela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The determination of cellular origin of DNA is a useful method in forensic genetics and complements identification of the DNA donor by STR analysis, since it could provide helpful information for the reconstruction of crime scenes and verify or disprove the descriptions of involved people. There already exist several rapid/pre-tests for several secretions (blood, sperm secretion, saliva, and urine), RNA-based expression analyses (blood, menstrual blood, saliva, vaginal secretion, nasal secretion, and sperm secretion), or specific CpG methylation analyses (nasal blood, blood, saliva, vaginal secretion, nasal secretion, and sperm secretion) for determining the cell type.To identify and to discriminate seven different body fluids and mixtures thereof in a simple workflow from each other, assays based on specific methylation patterns at several CpGs combined with pre-/rapid tests were set up in this study. For each of the seven secretions listed above, we selected the CpG marker achieving the highest possible discrimination (out of 30 markers tested). Validation studies confirmed a definite identification for saliva, vaginal secretion, and semen secretion in 100% of samples as well as discrimination from all other secretions. Moreover, the unambiguously correctly determined proportion of nasal samples, blood and menstrual blood varied between 61% (nasal blood) and 85% (nasal secretion).In summary, our workflow proved to be an easy and useful tool in forensic analysis for the identification and discrimination of seven different body fluids often found at a crime scene.
A case study in applying artificial intelligence-based named entity recognition to develop an automated ophthalmic disease registry
Authors: Macri Carmelo Z , Teoh Sheng Chieh , Bacchi Stephen , Tan Ian , Casson Robert , Sun Michelle T , Selva Dinesh , Chan WengOnn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)-based named entity extraction (NER) have improved the ability to extract diagnostic entities from unstructured, narrative, free-text data in electronic health records. However, there is a lack of ready-to-use tools and workflows to encourage the use among clinicians who often lack experience and training in AI. We sought to demonstrate a case study for developing an automated registry of ophthalmic diseases accompanied by a ready-to-use low-code tool for clinicians.

Methods
We extracted deidentified electronic clinical records from a single centre’s adult outpatient ophthalmology clinic from November 2019 to May 2022. We used a low-code annotation software tool (Prodigy) to annotate diagnoses and train a bespoke spaCy NER model to extract diagnoses and create an ophthalmic disease registry.

Results
A total of 123,194 diagnostic entities were extracted from 33,455 clinical records. After decapitalisation and removal of non-alphanumeric characters, there were 5070 distinct extracted diagnostic entities. The NER model achieved a precision of 0.8157, recall of 0.8099, and F score of 0.8128.

Conclusion
We presented a case study using low-code artificial intelligence-based NLP tools to produce an automated ophthalmic disease registry. The workflow created a NER model with a moderate overall ability to extract diagnoses from free-text electronic clinical records. We have produced a ready-to-use tool for clinicians to implement this low-code workflow in their institutions and encourage the uptake of artificial intelligence methods for case finding in electronic health records.
Periodic solutions in next generation neural field models
Authors: Laing Carlo R. , Omel’chenko Oleh E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider a next generation neural field model which describes the dynamics of a network of theta neurons on a ring. For some parameters the network supports stable time-periodic solutions. Using the fact that the dynamics at each spatial location are described by a complex-valued Riccati equation we derive a self-consistency equation that such periodic solutions must satisfy. We determine the stability of these solutions, and present numerical results to illustrate the usefulness of this technique. The generality of this approach is demonstrated through its application to several other systems involving delays, two-population architecture and networks of Winfree oscillators.
Frequency and imaging correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Cuoco Sofia , Ponticorvo Sara , Abate Filomena , Tepedino Maria Francesca , Erro Roberto , Manara Renzo , Di Salle Gianfranco , Di Salle Francesco , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Esposito Fabrizio , Barone Paolo , Picillo Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms are intrinsic to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and a spoonful of studies investigated their imaging correlates. Describe (I) the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PSP and (II) their structural imaging correlates. Twenty-six PSP patients underwent Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and brain 3D T1-weighted MRI. Spearman’s rho with Bonferroni correction was used to investigate correlations between NPI scores and volumes of gray matter regions. More than 80% of patients presented at least one behavioral symptom of any severity. The most frequent and severe were depression/dysphoria, apathy, and irritability/lability. Significant relationships were found between the severity of irritability and right pars opercularis volume (p < 0.001) as well as between the frequency of agitation/aggression and left lateral occipital volume (p < 0.001). Depression, apathy, and irritability are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in PSP. Moreover, we found a relationship between specific positive symptoms as irritability and agitation/aggression and greater volume of the right pars opercularis cortex and lower volume of the left occipital cortex, respectively, which deserve further investigations.
Biomarkers for diagnosis of stage III, grade C with molar incisor pattern periodontitis in children and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alamri Meaad M. , Antonoglou Georgios N. , Proctor Gordon , Balsa-Castro Carlos , Tomás Inmaculada , Nibali Luigi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim
To explore the existing salivary, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum biomarkers associated with grade C molar-incisor pattern (C/MIP) periodontitis in systemically healthy children and young adults.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies on stage III grade C periodontitis or former equivalent diagnosis with analysis of molecular biomarkers in saliva, GCF, blood, or serum were retrieved from six databases and screened based on the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was planned for biomarkers assessed using the same detection methods and sample type in at least two papers.

Results
Out of 5621 studies identified at initial screening, 28 papers were included in the qualitative analysis of which 2 were eligible for meta-analysis for IgG in serum samples. Eighty-seven biomarkers were assessed with the majority being higher in cases than in controls. Only the meta-analysis of total serum IgG with low heterogeneity value revealed a significant increase in its levels in C/MIPs compared to controls (standardised mean difference: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.40).

Conclusion
There is a paucity of data on biomarkers associated with molar-incisor pattern periodontitis. Although serum IgG levels are raised, other more specific biomarkers in saliva, GCF, and blood/serum may be promising but require further investigation.
Preterm birth and its associated factors in coastal areas of eastern China: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xu , Zhang Yitao , Tang Yijia , Sun Xun , Tong Jiao , Yan Dongmei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
Preterm birth (PTB) is considered to be an important cause of neonatal mortality. However, most parts of China lack data or studies with large sample sizes to quantify the true burden of PTB. The current study aimed to determine the incidence of and factors associated with PTB in coastal areas of eastern China.

Subject and methods
This retrospective study included all eligible pregnant women who delivered in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China, between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of PTB.

Results
A total of 29,807 pregnant women were included, and the incidence of PTB was found to be 5.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that pregnant women aged 18 years or younger (OR: 1.706, 95% CI: 1.207–2.409), who were 35 years or older (OR: 1.519, 95% CI: 1.312–1.760), or who had had a cesarean section delivery (OR: 1.542, 95% CI: 1.360–1.748), two or more perinatal births (OR: 14.557, 95% CI: 11.507–18.415), or four or more deliveries (OR: 1.614, 95% CI: 1.192–2.186) had a higher risk of PTB. Pregnant women with five or more prenatal visits (OR: 0.299, 95% CI: 0.241–0.372) had a lower risk of preterm delivery. In addition, pregnant women with hypertension (OR: 2.184, 95% CI: 1.666–2.863), preeclampsia (OR: 4.948, 95% CI: 3.014–8.124), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.610, 95% CI: 1.328–1.952), placenta previa (OR: 2.543, 95% CI: 1.836–3.523), or a history of PTB (OR: 9.028, 95% CI: 5.667–14.383) were more likely to have PTB.

Conclusion
The incidence of PTB was high and was affected by many factors. Early identification and management can reduce the incidence of PTB.