bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Don't you see the possibilities? Young preschoolers may lack possibility concepts
Authors: Leahy Brian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreschoolers struggle to solve problems when they have to consider what might and might not happen. Instead of planning for all open possibilities, they simulate one possibility and treat it as the fact of the matter. Why? Are scientists asking them to solve problems that outstrip their executive capacity? Or do children lack the logical concepts needed to take multiple conflicting possibilities into account? To address this question, task demands were eliminated from an existing measure of children's ability to think about mere possibilities. One hundred nineteen 2.5‐ to 4.9‐year‐olds were tested. Participants were highly motivated but could not solve the problem. Bayesian analysis revealed strong evidence that reducing task demands while holding reasoning demands constant did not change performance. Children's struggles with the task cannot be explained by these task demands. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that children struggle because they cannot deploy possibility concepts that allow them to mark representations as merely possible.Research Highlights
Preschoolers are surprisingly irrational when faced with problems that ask them to consider what might and might not be the case.
These irrationalities could arise from deficits in children's logical reasoning capacities or from extraneous task demands. This paper describes three plausible task demands.
A new measure is introduced that preserves logical reasoning demands while eliminating all three extraneous task demands.
Eliminating these task demands does not change performance. These task demands are not likely a cause of children's irrational behavior.
A meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by various etiologies among children and adolescents
Authors: Mohammadi Hady , Roochi Mehrnoush Momeni , Heidar Hosein , Garajei Ata , Dallband Mohsen , Sadeghi Masoud , Fatahian Reza , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsChildren and adolescents who are affected by trauma may have complications that are more serious and dangerous. Herein, a meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by various etiologies according to the geographic regions of the world among children and adolescents was conducted.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in four databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from January 1, 2006 until July 7, 2021. To evaluate the quality of included articles, an adapted version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used. The prevalence of maxillofacial trauma was estimated by event rates and 95% confidence intervals in relation to etiology and geographic region of study population.ResultsThrough search in the databases and the electronic sources, 3071 records were identified, and 58 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. A total of 264,433 maxillofacial trauma cases were reported by all included studies. Globally, the overall prevalence of maxillofacial trauma was highest due to Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) (33.8%) followed by falls (20.7%), violence (9.9%), and sports (8.1%) in children/adolescents. The highest prevalence of maxillofacial trauma were observed in African population (48.3%) while trauma due to falls was most prevalent in Asian population (44.1%). Maxillofacial trauma due to violence (27.6%) and sports (13.3%) were highest in North Americans.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that RTC was the most prevalent etiology of maxillofacial trauma in the world. The prevalent causes of maxillofacial trauma differed between the regions of study population.
Time‐to‐event clinical trial designs: Existing evidence and remaining concerns
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Auvin Stéphane , Van der Geyten Serge , Kenney Christopher , Novak Gerald , Fountain Nathan B. , Grzeskowiak Caitlin , French Jacqueline A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWell‐designed placebo‐controlled clinical trials are critical to the development of novel treatments for epilepsy, but their design has not changed for decades. Patients, clinicians, regulators, and innovators all have concerns that recruiting for trials is challenging, in part, due to the static design of maintaining participants for long periods on add‐on placebo when there are an increasing number of options for therapy. A traditional trial maintains participants on blinded treatment for a static period (e.g., 12 weeks of maintenance), during which participants on placebo have an elevated risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy compared to patients on an active treatment. Time‐to‐event trials observe participants on blinded treatment until a key event occurs (e.g., post‐randomization seizure count matches pre‐randomization monthly seizure count). In this article, we review the evidence for these designs based on re‐analysis of prior trials, one published trial that used a time‐to‐second seizure design, and experience from an ongoing blinded trial. We also discuss remaining concerns regarding time‐to‐event trials. We conclude that, despite potential limitations, time‐to‐event trials are a potential promising mechanism to make trials more patient friendly and reduce placebo exposure, which are urgent needs to improve safety and increase recruitment to trials.
Sexually harassed, assaulted, silenced, and now heard: Institutional betrayal and its affects
Authors: Duffy Sarah , O’Shea Michelle , Tang Liyaning Maggie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work explores the processes of sexual violence and its consequences, within an organizational context through a detailed examination of a professional woman's experience. By centralizing Sofia's lived experiences, we demonstrate how acts of institutional betrayal occur when an organization protects a perpetrator and silences and further traumatizes a victim/survivor. Outwardly this organization purports to champion gender equality, but inwardly they reflect the values and misogynistic norms present in parts of the Australian culture. We lay bare the multiple ways inequity regimes intersect with the disadvantage experienced by Sofia as a junior employee, a migrant, and a woman. We detail and account for Sofia's story through a process of listening deeply and writing differently to illustrate how sexual harassment in the workplace is not confined to a victim/survivor‐perpetrator dichotomy but is embedded within organizational structures, policies, processes, and employees themselves. We explore how power relations silenced both victim/survivors and bystanders who spoke out and failed to disrupt the status quo or hold the organization to its purported gender equality values. We describe Sofia's battle for justice within this organization and provide a conceptual framework that highlights how reluctant acquiescence is shaped and how systematic silence and silencing of victim/survivors was maintained.
Axiomatic characterizations of the family of Weighted priority values
Authors: Béal Sylvain , Ferrières Sylvain , Navarro‐Ramos Adriana , Solal Philippe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a new family of values for TU‐games with a priority structure, which both contains the Priority value recently introduced by Béal et al. and the Weighted Shapley values (Kalai & Samet). Each value of this family is called a Weighted priority value and is constructed as follows. A strictly positive weight is associated with each agent and the agents are partially ordered according to a binary relation. An agent is a priority agent with respect to a coalition if it is maximal in this coalition with respect to the partial order. A Weighted priority value distributes the dividend of each coalition among the priority agents of this coalition in proportion to their weights. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the family of the Weighted Shapley values without the additivity axiom. To this end, we borrow the Priority agent out axiom from Béal et al., which is used to axiomatize the Priority value. We also reuse, in our domain, the principle of Superweak differential marginality introduced by Casajus to axiomatize the Positively weighted Shapley values. We add a new axiom of Independence of null agent position which indicates that the position of a null agent in the partial order does not affect the payoff of the other agents. Together with Efficiency, the above axioms characterize the Weighted Shapley values. We show that this axiomatic characterization holds on the subdomain where the partial order is structured by levels. This entails an alternative characterization of the Weighted Shapley values. Two alternative characterizations are obtained by replacing our principle of Superweak differential marginality by Additivity and invoking other axioms.
The effect of chitosan coatings enriched with garlic extract and coriander essential oil on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet stored at 4 °C
Authors: Foromandi Maryam , Khani Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating enriched with garlic extract (GE) and coriander essential oil (CEO) on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet. Treatments were prepared with chitosan coating (2%) containing GE and CEO (0.1% and 0.5%) both separately and in combination. The results showed that GE and CEO had significant effects on peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), total viable (TVC) and psychrotrophic (PTC) counts in fillet samples during storage. It was observed that an increase in the concentration of GE and CEO in the coatings would lead to a significant decrease in the amounts of PV, TVB‐N and TVC. The concentration of 0.5% CEO was more effective than GE on PV, TVB‐N and microbial counts. The treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO had the lowest PV (5.56 mEq/kg), TBA (2 mg MDA/kg), TVB‐N (32.57 mg N2/100 g), TVC (7.12 log CFU/g) and PTC (5.22 log CFU/g) on the 12th day of storage. The results indicated that the chitosan coating enriched with 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO can extend the shelf life of refrigerated trout fillets for 6–9 days compared to the control and chitosan alone samples.
Epigenomic regulation of macrophage polarization: Where do the nuclear receptors belong?
Authors: Czimmerer Zsolt , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOur laboratory has a long‐standing research interest in understanding how lipid‐activated transcription factors, nuclear hormone receptors, contribute to dendritic cell and macrophage gene expression regulation, subtype specification, and responses to a changing extra and intracellular milieu. This journey in the last more than two decades took us from identifying target genes for various RXR heterodimers to systematically mapping nuclear receptor‐mediated pathways in dendritic cells to identifying hierarchies of transcription factors in alternative polarization in macrophages to broaden the role of nuclear receptors beyond strictly ligand‐regulated gene expression. We detail here the milestones of the road traveled and draw conclusions regarding the unexpectedly broad role of nuclear hormone receptors as epigenomic components of dendritic cell and macrophage gene regulation as we are getting ready for the next challenges.
Nurse educators' views of integrating culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses into healthcare settings: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Kamau Suleiman , Oikarainen Ashlee , Juntunen Milka‐Maaria , Koskenranta Miro , Kuivila Heli , Tomietto Marco , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo describe nurse educators' views of how culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses are integrated into healthcare settings.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was adopted.ParticipantsA total of 20 nurse educators were recruited from three higher education institutions in Finland.MethodsParticipants were recruited in the spring of 2021 through snowball sampling. Individual semi‐structured interviews were held and recorded. The collected data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe performed content analysis identified a total of 534 meaning units from the data, which were categorized into 343 open codes and 29 sub‐categories. Furthermore, nine categories were identified and categorized into three main categories. The first main category was pre‐graduation and represented a time point during which educators experienced early integration, nurse educator support and cooperation with stakeholders. The second main category was integration strategies into healthcare settings, which included workplace strategies, language competence and individual competencies and attributes. The third main category was the post‐graduation experience, during which educators reported organizational readiness, migration and efficacy of the integrational model.ConclusionsThe results revealed a need for increased resources linked to how nurse educators support the integration of culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses. Moreover, a nurse educator's presence during the last clinical placement, early transition and integration was found to exert a significant effect on the smooth integration of culturally and linguistically diverse future nurses.ImpactThis study establishes the need to enhance stakeholder cooperation between universities and other organizations towards supporting the integration process. Maximizing nurse educators' support during the final clinical practice, early transition and post‐graduation allows for successful integration and intention to stay.Reporting MethodThis study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).Patient or Public ParticipationParticipating educators shared their experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse future nurses' integration.
Effects of Medicare eligibility and enrollment at age 65 among immigrants and US‐born residents
Authors: Park Sungchul , Ortega Alexander N. , Chen Jie , Bustamante Arturo Vargas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the impacts of Medicare coverage among immigrants is of high policy importance, but there is currently limited evidence. In this study, we examined the effects of near universal access to Medicare coverage at age 65 years between immigrants and US‐born residents.MethodsUsing the 2007–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we employed a regression discontinuity design, which exploits the eligibility for Medicare at age 65 years. Our outcomes were health insurance coverage, healthcare spending, access to and use of health care, and self‐reported health status.ResultsMedicare eligibility at age 65 led to significant increases in Medicare coverage among immigrants and US‐born residents (74.6 [95% CI: 71.6–77.5] and 81.6 [95% CI: 80.5–82.7] percentage points). Medicare enrollment at age 65 decreased total healthcare spending and out‐of‐pocket spending by $1579 (95% CI: −2092 to 1065) and $423 (95% CI: −544 to 303) for immigrants and $1186 (95% CI: −2359 to 13) and $450 (95% CI: −774 to 127) for US‐born residents. After Medicare enrollment at age 65, immigrants reported only limited improvements in overall access to and use of health care, but they reported significant increases in the use of high‐value care (11.5 [95% CI: 6.8–16.2], 8.3 [95% CI: 6.0–10.6], 8.4 [95% CI: 1.0–15.8], and 2.3 [95% CI: 0.9–3.7] percentage points increase for colorectal cancer screening, eye examination for diabetes, influenza vaccine, and cholesterol measurement) and improvements in self‐reported health (5.9 [95% CI: 0.9–10.8] and 4.8 [95% CI: 0.5–9.0] percentage points increase for good perceived physical and mental health). Medicare enrollment also increased prescription drug spending by $705 (95% CI: 292–1117), despite the unchanged use of prescription drugs. For US‐born residents, use of high‐value care, self‐reported health, and prescription drug use and spending did not change substantially after Medicare enrollment.ConclusionMedicare has the potential to improve care among older adult immigrants.
Changes to Birth Plans Due to COVID‐19: A Survey of Utah Midwives and Doulas
Authors: Ellis Jessica , Ward Katie , Garrett Kellie , Taylor Eliza , Clark Erin , Baksh Laurie , Simonsen Sara 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThis study seeks to understand the experiences of Utah midwives and doulas caring for patients during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Specifically, the goal of the study was to describe the perceived impact on the community birth system and explore differences in the access and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) between in‐ and out‐of‐hospital births.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive study design. A 26‐item survey developed by the research team was sent via email to Utah birth workers, including nurse‐midwives, community midwives, and doulas. Quantitative data were collected during December 2020 and January 2021. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis.ResultsOf the 409 birth workers who were sent a link to the survey, 120 (30%) responded: 38 (32%) CNMs, 30 (25%) direct‐entry or community midwives, and 52 (43%) doulas. The majority (79%) reported changes to clinical practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Community midwives (71%) who responded indicated practice volume increased. Survey participants reported an increased patient preference for home births (53%) and birth center births (43%). Among those with one or more patient transfers to the hospital, 61% experienced a change in the process. One participant reported that it took 43 minutes longer to transfer to the hospital. Community midwives and doulas reported poor access to a regular source of PPE.DiscussionSurvey participants reported changes to planned birth locations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. When necessary, transfers to hospitals were reported to be slower. Community midwives and doulas reported having insufficient access to PPE and reported limited knowledge about COVID‐19 testing resources and resources for educating patients on COVID‐19. This study adds an important perspective to the existing literature on COVID‐19 by indicating that policymakers should include community birth partners in community planning for natural disasters and future pandemics.
Behind the ‘creative destruction’ of human diets: An analysis of the structure and market dynamics of the ultra‐processed food manufacturing industry and implications for public health
Authors: Wood Benjamin , Williams Owain , Baker Phil , Sacks Gary 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA global transition towards diets increasingly dominated by ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has occurred in recent decades to the detriment of public health and the environment. This study aimed to examine long‐term trends in the structure and market dynamics of the global UPF manufacturing industry as part of broader efforts to understand the drivers of this transition. Using diverse methods, metrics and data sources, we examined several dimensions (e.g., industry concentration and profitability) according to an adapted structure–conduct–performance model. We found that the global UPF manufacturing industry has evolved to become a major component of global food systems, with its longstanding dominant corporations becoming some of the system's largest accumulators of profit and distributors of capital. It follows that reversing the global UPF dietary transition will require structural and regulatory changes to ensure that population diets, and food systems more broadly, are not subordinated to the interests of powerful for‐profit business corporations.
Patient engagement in perioperative settings: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Cooper Zahra , Cleary Sonja , Stelmach Wanda , Zheng Zhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient engagement has emerged as a key focus in the research literature to facilitate patients' recovery. The term is commonly used by researchers, yet without working definitions. This lack of clarity is further complicated by the interchangeable use of a few terms.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed at identifying how patient engagement was conceptualised and operationalised in perioperative settings.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for publications in English discussing patient engagement during the perioperative phase. Three reviewers conducted study selection and methodological assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute mixed methods review framework. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data.FindingsTwenty‐nine studies were included with a total sample of 6289. Study types included qualitative (n = 14) and quantitative (n = 15) with different types of surgery. Sample sizes ranged from n = 7 to n = 1315. Only 38% (n = 11) of included studies offered an explicit definition. Four themes associated with operationalisation included provision of information, which was most studied theme, communication, decision‐making and action‐taking behaviours. All four themes were interconnected and co‐dependent on each other.ConclusionsPatient engagement in perioperative settings is a complex and multifaceted concept. The conceptual void in the literature calls for more theoretically informed and comprehensive approaches to researching surgical patient engagement. Future research should aim to better understand the factors that influence patient engagement, as well as the impact of different forms of engagement on patient outcomes through the whole surgical journey of a patient.
The Role of Organizational Structure in Senior Managers' Selective Information Processing
Authors: Junge Sebastian , Luger Johannes , Mammen Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCEOs' perceptions of the environment and the information processing shortcuts (or heuristics) they use to develop these perceptions are important to organizations. We study whether organizational structure, an important channel and filter for the flow of information in organizations, affects CEOs' perception gaps pertaining to the competitive environment. Perception gaps are defined as systematic deviations of subjective perceptions of the competitive environment from conceptions based on objective data. Studying 281 CEOs based in 216 firms, we find that functional structures are associated with wider environmental perception gaps, whereas divisional structures are associated with narrower gaps. To address endogeneity concerns, we control for firms' exposure to varied environments and only sample newly appointed CEOs, who, by definition, inherit predefined organizational structures exogenous to their own choices. Our study advances understanding of senior managers' information processing shortcuts by clarifying how organizational‐level influences (i.e., organizational structure) affect CEOs' (mis)perceptions of the competitive environment.