bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) impact on suspended sediment transport in the Yellow River Estuary
Authors: Jia Wenfei , Yi Yujun 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe transport of suspended sediment plays an important role in regulating erosion-accretion in estuaries. The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, which has a large amount of sediment and contributes sediment to the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) every year. The water and sediment discharge patterns in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have experienced significant changes over recent decades. In particular, the water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir transports large amounts of water and sediment to the YRE within a very short time, causing dramatic changes in the spatiotemporal estuarine sediment dynamics.MethodsIn this study, we presented a coupled numerical model based on FVCOM-SWAVE-SED that considered the highly dynamic sediment variations in the YRE. The sediment distribution and erosion-accretion patterns in the YRE during the WSRS in 2013 were analyzed by the high-resolution model.ResultsThe sediment entering the YRE spread with freshwater, forming a high sediment concentration zone near the river mouth, where most of the sediments were deposited. The sediment dispersal distance was limited by the tidal shear frontal (TSF), and the southeast outspread length of the sediment was slightly larger than the northwest spread. Outside of the YRE, the areas with high flow currents exhibited high erosion. We examined the effects of the main external driving forces (such as waves, tides, and runoff) on the sediment distribution and showed that runoff, tides, and waves were the key factors affecting the sediment distribution of the YRE.ResultsThis study shows that WSRS effectively changes the sediment distribution and erosion condition in the YRE and provides a data for researches on changes in estuarine ecosystems.
Differentiating methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from ocular infections using photoacoustic labeling
Authors: Edgar Robert H. , Samson Anie-Pier , Kowalski Regis P. , Kellum John A. , Hempel John , Viator John A. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAntibiotic resistance in bacterial species constitutes a growing problem in the clinical management of infections. Not only does it limit therapeutic options, but application of ineffective antibiotics allows resistant species to progress prior to prescribing more effective treatment to patients. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem in clinical infections as it is the most common hospital acquired infection.MethodsWe developed a photoacoustic flow cytometer using engineered bacteriophage as probes for rapid determination of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus with thirteen clinical samples obtained from keratitis patients. This method irradiates cells under flow with 532 nm laser light and selectively generates acoustic waves in labeled bacterial cells, thus enabling detection and enumeration of them. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified from culture isolation as either methicillin resistant or susceptible using cefoxitin disk diffusion testing. The photoacoustic method enumerates bacterial cells before and after treatment with antibiotics. Decreasing counts of bacteria after treatment indicate susceptible strains. We quantified the bacterial cells in the treated and untreated samples.ResultsUsing k-means clustering on the data, we achieved 100% concordance with the classification of Staphylococcus aureus resistance using culture.DiscussionPhotoacoustics can be used to differentiate methicillin resistant and susceptible strains of bacteria from ocular infections. This method may be generalized to other bacterial species using appropriate bacteriophages and testing for resistance using other antibiotics.
External validation of a convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of intraprostatic tumor lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET images
Authors: Ghezzo Samuele , Mongardi Sofia , Bezzi Carolina , Samanes Gajate Ana Maria , Preza Erik , Gotuzzo Irene , Baldassi Francesco , Jonghi-Lavarini Lorenzo , Neri Ilaria , Russo Tommaso , Brembilla Giorgio , De Cobelli Francesco , Scifo Paola , Mapelli Paola , Picchio Maria 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionState of the art artificial intelligence (AI) models have the potential to become a “one-stop shop” to improve diagnosis and prognosis in several oncological settings. The external validation of AI models on independent cohorts is essential to evaluate their generalization ability, hence their potential utility in clinical practice. In this study we tested on a large, separate cohort a recently proposed state-of-the-art convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of intraprostatic cancer lesions on PSMA PET images.MethodsEighty-five biopsy proven prostate cancer patients who underwent 68Ga PSMA PET for staging purposes were enrolled in this study. Images were acquired with either fully hybrid PET/MRI (N = 46) or PET/CT (N = 39); all participants showed at least one intraprostatic pathological finding on PET images that was independently segmented by two Nuclear Medicine physicians. The trained model was available at https://gitlab.com/dejankostyszyn/prostate-gtv-segmentation and data processing has been done in agreement with the reference work.ResultsWhen compared to the manual contouring, the AI model yielded a median dice score = 0.74, therefore showing a moderately good performance. Results were robust to the modality used to acquire images (PET/CT or PET/MRI) and to the ground truth labels (no significant difference between the model’s performance when compared to reader 1 or reader 2 manual contouring).DiscussionIn conclusion, this AI model could be used to automatically segment intraprostatic cancer lesions for research purposes, as instance to define the volume of interest for radiomics or deep learning analysis. However, more robust performance is needed for the generation of AI-based decision support technologies to be proposed in clinical practice.
Clinical utility of paced finger tapping assessment in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Shimizu Yoko , Tanikawa Motoki , Horiba Mitsuya , Sahashi Kento , Kawashima Shoji , Kandori Akihiko , Yamanaka Tomoyasu , Nishikawa Yusuke , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Ueki Yoshino , Mase Mitsuhito 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe Finger Tapping (F-T) test is useful for assessing motor function of the upper limbs in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, quantitative evaluation of F-T for iNPH has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the quantitative F-T test and optimal measurement conditions as a motor evaluation and screening test for iNPH.MethodsSixteen age-matched healthy controls (mean age 73 ± 5 years; 7/16 male) and fifteen participants with a diagnosis of definitive iNPH (mean age 76 ± 5 years; 8/15 male) completed the study (mean ± standard deviation). F-T performance of the index finger and thumb was quantified using a magnetic sensing device. The performance of repetitive F-T by participants was recorded in both not timing-regulated and timing-regulated conditions. The mean value of the maximum amplitude of F-T was defined as M-Amplitude, and the mean value of the maximum velocity of closure of F-T was defined as cl-Velocity.ResultsFinger Tapping in the iNPH group, with or without timing control, showed a decrease in M-Amplitude and cl-Velocity compared to the control group. We found the only paced F-T with 2.0 Hz auditory stimuli was found to improve both M-Amplitude and cl-Velocity after shunt surgery.ConclusionThe quantitative assessment of F-T with auditory stimuli at the rate of 2.0 Hz may be a useful and potentially supplemental screening method for motor assessment in patients with iNPH.
Altered glutamate–glutamine and amide proton transfer-weighted values in the hippocampus of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A novel combined imaging diagnostic marker
Authors: Chen Xin , Gong Tao , Chen Tong , Xu Changyuan , Li Yuchao , Song Qingxu , Lin Liangjie , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard A. E. , Xia Zhangyong , Wang Guangbin 
Published: February 2023

Background and purposeEarly diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and timely management to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) would benefit patients. Pathological metabolic changes of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and abnormal protein deposition in the hippocampus of aMCI may provide a new clue to imaging diagnosis. However, the diagnostic performance using these hippocampal metabolite measurements is still unclear. We aimed to quantify right hippocampal glutamate–glutamine (Glx) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels as well as protein-based amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) signals of patients with aMCI and investigate the diagnostic performance of these metabolites.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 20 patients with aMCI and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent MEGA Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) and APTw MR imaging at 3 T. GABA+, Glx, and APTw signals were measured in the right hippocampus. The GABA+ levels, Glx levels, Glx/GABA+ ratios, and APTw values were compared between the HCs and aMCI groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate MEGA-PRESS and APTw parameters' diagnostic performance.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with aMCI had significantly lower Glx levels in the right hippocampus (7.02 ± 1.41 i.u. vs. 5.81 ± 1.33 i.u., P = 0.018). No significant changes in the GABA+ levels were observed in patients with aMCI (HCs vs. aMCI: 2.54 ± 0.28 i.u. vs. 2.47 ± 0.36 i.u., P = 0.620). In addition, Glx/GABA+ ratios between the two groups (HCs vs. aMCI: 2.79 ± 0.60 vs. 2.37 ± 0.55, P = 0.035) were significantly different. Compared with HCs, patients with aMCI showed higher APTw values in the right hippocampus (0.99 ± 0.26% vs. 1.26% ± 0.28, P = 0.006). The ROC curve analysis showed that Glx, GABA+, Glx/GABA+, and APTw values had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72, 0.55, 0.70, and 0.75, respectively, for diagnosing aMCI. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC of the combination of the parameters increased to 0.88, which is much higher than that observed in the univariate analysis (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of right hippocampal Glx levels and APTw values improved the diagnostic performance for aMCI, indicating it as a promising combined imaging diagnostic marker. Our study provided a potential imaging diagnostic strategy of aMCI, which may promote early detection of aMCI and facilitate timely intervention to delay the pathological progress toward AD.
Harnessing intra-varietal variation for agro-morphological and nutritional traits in a popular rice landrace for sustainable food security in tropical islands
Authors: Gautam Raj Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Venkatesan Kannan , Rakesh Bandol , Sakthivel Krishnan , Swain Sachidananda , Srikumar Muthulingam , Zamir Ahmed S. K. , Devakumar Kishnamoorthy , Rao Shyam Sunder , Vijayan Joshitha , Ali Sharik , Langyan Sapna 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionRice crop meets the calorie and nutritional requirements of a larger segment of the global population. Here, we report the occurrence of intra-varietal variation in a popular rice landrace C14-8 traditionally grown under the geographical isolation of the Andaman Islands.MethodsBased on grain husk color, four groups were formed, wherein the extent of intra-varietal variation was studied by employing 22 agro-morphological and biochemical traits.ResultsAmong the traits studied, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and grain yield exhibited a wider spectrum of variability due to more coefficients of variation (&gt;25%). The first five principal components (PCs) of principal components analysis explained a significant proportion of the variation (91%) and the first two PCs explained 63.3% of the total variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 35.44 and 27.91%, respectively. A total of 50 highly variable SSR (HvSSR) markers spanning over 12 chromosomes produced 314 alleles, which ranged from 1 to 15 alleles per marker, with an average of 6.28. Of the 314 alleles, 64 alleles were found to be rare among the C14-8 selections. While 62% of HvSSR markers exhibited polymorphism among the C14-8 population, chromosomes 2, 7, 9, and 11 harbored the most polymorphic loci. The group clustering of the selections through HvSSR markers conformed to the grouping based on grain husk coloration.DiscussionOur studies on the existence and pertinence of intra-varietal variations are expected to be of significance in the realms of evolutionary biology and sustainable food and nutritional security under the changing climate.
Association between multiple coagulation-related factors and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qiao Wenhao , Sha Shengxu , Song Jiyuan , Chen Yuezhi , Lian Guodong , Wang Junke , Zhou Xinxiu , Peng Lipan , Li Leping , Tian Feng , Jing Changqing 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPatients with tumors generally present with accompanying activation of the coagulation system, which may be related to tumor stage. To our knowledge, few studies have examined the activation of the coagulation system in reference to lymph node metastasis within gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between multiple coagulation-related factors and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer after excluding the influence of tumor T stage.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated the relationship between lymph node metastasis and coagulation-related factors in 516 patients with T4a stage gastric cancer. We further analyzed influencing factors for lymph node metastasis and verified the predictive value of maximum amplitude (MA, a parameter of thromboelastography which is widely used to assess the strength of platelet-fibrinogen interaction in forming clots) in reference to lymph node metastasis.ResultsPlatelet counts (P=0.011), fibrinogen levels (P=0.002) and MA values (P=0.006) were statistically significantly higher in patients with T4a stage gastric cancer presenting with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis. Moreover, tumor N stage was statistically significantly and positively correlated with platelet count (P&lt;0.001), fibrinogen level (P=0.003), MA value (P&lt;0.001), and D-dimer level (P=0.010). The MA value was an independent factor for lymph node metastasis (β=0.098, 95% CI: 1.020-1.193, P=0.014) and tumor N stage (β=0.059, 95% CI: 0.015-0.104, P=0.009), and could be used to predict the presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (sensitivity 0.477, specificity 0.783, P=0.006). The independent influencing factors for MA value mainly included platelet levels, fibrinogen levels, D-dimer and hemoglobin levels; we found no statistically significant correlations with tumor diameter, tumor area, and other evaluated factors.ConclusionWe conclude that MA value is an independent influencing factor for lymph node metastasis and tumor N stage in patients with T4a stage gastric cancer. The MA value has important value in predicting the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200064936.
LOXL1 and LOXL4 are novel target genes of the Zn2+-bound form of ZEB1 and play a crucial role in the acceleration of invasive events in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Hirabayashi Daisuke , Yamamoto Ken-ichi , Maruyama Akihiro , Tomonobu Nahoko , Kinoshita Rie , Chen Youyi , Komalasari Ni Luh Gede Yoni , Murata Hitoshi , Gohara Yuma , Jiang Fan , Zhou Jin , Ruma I Made Winarsa , Sumardika I Wayan , Yamauchi Akira , Kuribayashi Futoshi , Toyooka Shinichi , Inoue Yusuke , Sakaguchi Masakiyo 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundEMT has been proposed to be a crucial early event in cancer metastasis. EMT is rigidly regulated by the action of several EMT-core transcription factors, particularly ZEB1. We previously revealed an unusual role of ZEB1 in the S100A8/A9-mediated metastasis in breast cancer cells that expressed ZEB1 at a significant level and showed that the ZEB1 was activated on the MCAM-downstream pathway upon S100A8/A9 binding. ZEB1 is well known to require Zn2+ for its activation based on the presence of several Zn-finger motifs in the transcription factor. However, how Zn2+-binding works on the pleiotropic role of ZEB1 through cancer progression has not been fully elucidated.MethodsWe established the engineered cells, MDA-MB-231 MutZEB1 (MDA-MutZEB1), that stably express MutZEB1 (ΔZn). The cells were then evaluated in vitro for their invasion activities. Finally, an RNA-Seq analysis was performed to compare the gene alteration profiles of the established cells comprehensively.ResultsMDA-MutZEB1 showed a significant loss of the EMT, ultimately stalling the invasion. Inclusive analysis of the transcription changes after the expression of MutZEB1 (ΔZn) in MDA-MB-231 cells revealed the significant downregulation of LOX family genes, which are known to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. We found that LOXL1 and LOXL4 remarkably enhanced cancer invasiveness among the LOX family genes with altered expression.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ZEB1 potentiates Zn2+-mediated transcription of plural EMT-relevant factors, including LOXL1 and LOXL4, whose upregulation plays a critical role in the invasive dissemination of breast cancer cells.
Veterinarians' perspectives of pain, treatment, and diagnostics for bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves
Authors: Mijares S. , Edwards-Callaway L. , Roman-Muniz I. N. , Coetzee J. F. , Applegate T. J. , Cramer M. C. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundBovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves. Early detection and therefore treatment are essential to minimize animal welfare concerns, particularly given that recent research also demonstrates that BRD is painful. Veterinarians are essential to ensuring calves with BRD receive appropriate treatment, but little to no research exists regarding veterinarians' perspectives about BRD detection and treatment in dairy calves. This is a critical step to determine education and outreach needs that can target BRD treatment to improve calf welfare. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to describe US veterinarians' current detection methods and treatment practices for BRD in preweaned dairy calves, understand veterinarians' rationale for treatment decisions, and identify gaps in knowledge regarding treatment and management of calf BRD.MethodsAn online survey was sent to two veterinarian-focused list-serves and newsletter. Final responses (n = 47) were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analyses.ResultsOn-farm necropsy was the diagnostic tool most considered “extremely important” (26, 55.3%). All veterinarians indicated that BRD was at least mildly painful. However, only 53% of veterinarians (n = 25) assess pain in preweaned calves with BRD in order to make treatment decisions. Furthermore, of the veterinarians that assessed pain, 40% (n = 10) reported that their knowledge of pain assessment and treatment was adequate, but most (n = 24) considered a calf's pain-level at least “moderately important” to make BRD treatment decisions. The most important ancillary therapy for antimicrobials were NSAIDs (21, 44.7%). The ancillary therapy most often considered “extremely important” for treating BRD was NSAIDs. Qualitative analysis identified the following as factors that influenced veterinarians' willingness to provide analgesia: the farm's willingness to administer drugs, clinical signs, perceived severity of pain, the need for anti-inflammatories, and the presence of fever and comorbidities.DiscussionThis study included a small sample size and an extremely low response rate; results should therefore be interpreted with caution. Despite this limitation, important gaps in knowledge were identified, including pain assessment and consideration when making treatment decisions, and diagnostic tools. Addressing these needs in future research and outreach efforts could help ensure appropriate and timely treatment of calf BRD, including pain mitigation.
The correlation between the costs and clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in malignant tumors: An evaluation based on ASCO and ESMO frameworks
Authors: Lin Shen , Huang Yaping , Dong Liangliang , Li Meiyue , Wang Yahong , Gu Dian , Wu Wei , Nian Dongni , Luo Shaohong , Huang Xiaoting , Xu Xiongwei , Weng Xiuhua 
Published: February 2023

Background: Life expectancy for patients with malignant tumors has been significantly improved since the presence of the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in 2014, but they impose heavy financial burdens for patients, the healthcare system and the nations. The objective of this study was to determine the survival benefits, toxicities, and monetary of programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 inhibitors and quantify their values.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for malignant tumors were identified and clinical benefits were quantified by American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF) and European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). The drug price in Micromedex REDBOOK was used to estimate monthly incremental drug costs (IDCs) and the correlation between clinical benefits and incremental drug costs of experimental and control groups in each randomized controlled trial, and the agreement between two frameworks were calculated.Results: Up to December 2022, 52 randomized controlled trials were included in the quantitative synthesis. All the randomized controlled trials were evaluated by American society of clinical oncology value framework, and 26 (50%) met the American society of clinical oncology value framework “clinical meaningful value.” 49 of 52 randomized controlled trials were graded by European society for medical oncology magnitude of clinical benefit scale, and 30 (61.2%) randomized controlled trials achieved European Society for Medical Oncology criteria of meaningful value. p-values of Spearman correlation analyses between monthly incremental drug costs and American society of clinical oncology value framework/European society for medical oncology magnitude of clinical benefit scale scores were 0.9695 and 0.3013, respectively. In addition, agreement between two framework thresholds was fair (κ = 0.417, p = 0.00354).Conclusion: This study suggests that there might be no correlation between the cost and clinical benefit of programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 inhibitors in malignancy, and the same results were observed in subgroups stratified by drug or indication. The results should be a wake-up call for oncologists, pharmaceutical enterprises and policymakers, and meanwhile advocate the refining of American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology frameworks.