bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light‐Induced Three‐Component Tetrafluoroethyl‐heteroarylation of Alkenes with 1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl Chloride and Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Li Xinjin , Dolbier William R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract1,1,2,2‐Tetrafluoroethyl‐containing compounds are valuable structures due to their unique physicochemical properties, which have increasing potential application in drug discovery. However, synthetic methods for preparing such compounds are rare. Herein, we report the first use of 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethanesulfonyl chloride to introduce the HCF2CF2 group into organic molecules via a three‐component, radical tetrafluoroethyl‐heteroarylation of alkenes with readily available quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. This method provides a new and facile approach for late‐stage functionalization of potential biologically active molecules.
Drought and temperature stresses impact pollen production and autonomous selfing in a California wildflower, Collinsia heterophylla
Authors: Arathi H. S. , Smith T. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOngoing climatic changes have altered growing conditions for plants by limiting water availability and inducing unprecedented temperature increases, eliciting plant functional responses that compromise floral trait expression, reduce pollen production and promote early self‐pollination. In a controlled greenhouse study, plants of Collinsia heterophylla, an annual mixed‐mated hermaphrodite, were grown under temperature and water stresses. Floral trait responses and related effects on plant reproductive success were recorded. Plants grown under temperature and water stresses were shorter and had fewer leaves at flowering than control plants. Temperature‐stressed plants flowered earlier and had smaller flowers that produced fewer per capita pollen grains than control and water‐stressed plants. While lifetime flower production in plants experiencing temperature stress alone or water stress alone was similar to control plants, those receiving combined temperature and water stresses had significantly lower lifetime flower production. Abiotic stress did not affect investment in female traits such as ovule number per flower, but impacted male traits seen as fewer pollen grains per flower. In plants experiencing abiotic stress, an increase in autonomous self‐pollination was facilitated through a compromise in herkogamy, a sexual interference mechanism that promotes cross‐pollination. Spatial separation between stigma and anther, a measure of herkogamy was zero or negative in stressed plants. Thus, abiotic stress responses in plants did not compromise plant reproductive success as autonomous selfing was augmented. In nature, such responses will likely reduce available nutrition for pollinators through decreased flower and pollen production.
Enhanced functional connectivity in the reward circuitry in healthy adults with weekend catch‐up sleep
Authors: Kim Keun‐Tae , Kim Hayom , Kong Jooheon , Kim Jung Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to identify structural and functional changes in healthy adults with catch‐up sleep (CUS), we applied seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) analysis using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that deficits in reward processing could be a fundamental mechanism underlying the motivation of taking CUS. Then, 55 healthy adults voluntarily (34 with CUS and 21 without CUS) participated in this study. Voxel‐based morphometry was performed to explore region of gray matter volume (GMV) difference between CUS and non‐CUS groups. Between‐group comparison of FC was then carried out using resting‐state functional MRI analysis seeding at the region of volume difference. Moreover, the region of volume difference and the strength of FC were correlated with scores of questionnaires for reward‐seeking behavior and clinical variables. CUS group had a higher reward‐seeking tendency, and increased GMV in the bilateral nucleus accumbens and right superior frontal gyrus relative to non‐CUS group. FC analysis seeding at the bilateral accumbens revealed increases of FC in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex in CUS group compared to non‐CUS group. The questionnaire scores reflecting the reward‐seeking tendency were correlated with the FC strength between bilateral accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate that CUS is associated with reward‐seeking tendency and increased GMV and FC in regions responsible for reward network. Our findings suggest that enhanced reward network could be the crucial mechanism underlying taking CUS and might be implicated in the detrimental effects of circadian misalignment.
Hybrid Microcavity Lasers: Principle, Design, and Practical Application
Authors: Liang, Ningning , Yan Jiuhu , Zhai Tianrui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractControl coupling and synchronization of lasers has become increasingly attractive for their applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, secret communication, and optical networks. As complex microcavities emerge, more complicated light–matter interactions, along with the resulting distinct lasing emission behavior, is induced in these hybrid microcavities. This review summarizes the most important advances and current deep insights into the inherent relationship between the hybrid microcavity geometries and lasing behaviors, which are classified as the modulated lasing output freedom, including wavelength, angular momentum, mode, direction, and their multiple combinations. Finally, based on scientific research and practical application, the challenges and prospects of future development of hybrid microcavities are proposed, hoping to provide valuable inspiration for further optimizing hybrid microcavities to achieve low thresholds, small divergence angles, and single‐mode microcavity lasers.
Biotics: An emerging food supplement for health improvement in the era of immune modulation
Authors: Revankar Neelam A. , Negi Pradeep S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe involvement of the commensal microbiota in immune function is a multifold process. Biotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics, have been subjected to animal and human trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in overall health. In recent years, studies on human microbiome interaction have established the multifarious role of biotics in maintaining overall health. The consumption of biotics has been extensively reported to help in maintaining microbial diversity, enhancing gut‐associated mucosal immune homeostasis, and providing protection against a wide range of lifestyle disorders. However, the establishment of biotics as an alternative therapy for a range of health conditions is yet to be ascertained. Despite the fact that scientific literature has demonstrated the correlation between biotics and immune modulation, most in vivo and in vitro reports are inconclusive on the dosage required. This review provides valuable insights into the immunomodulatory effects of biotics consumption based on evidence obtained from animal models and clinical trials. Furthermore, we highlight the optimal dosages of biotics that have been reported to deliver maximum health benefits. By identifying critical research gaps, we have suggested a roadmap for future investigations to advance our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between biotics and immune homeostasis.
Robust sliding mode control for a class of nonlinear systems with actuator failures and disturbances: A dual‐layer sliding mode strategy
Authors: Tu Weiwei , Dong Jiuxiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of robust sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of nonlinear systems subject to actuator failures and disturbances. By employing a novel integral sliding function constructed with an nested sliding mode controller “,” a dual‐layer sliding mode control is established. The first layer is an integral sliding mode generated by the actuator output, the second one is a linear sliding mode generated by “.” Indeed, the linear sliding mode is nested to the integral sliding mode for the system under consideration. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art integral sliding mode controls (ISMCs), not only the inherent robustness of ISMC is retained, but also the time derivative of integral sliding function in integral sliding motion dynamics can be compensated by “,” so that the robustness of integral sliding motion is further enhanced. Furthermore, due to the generation of the nested linear sliding mode, it decouples the matched integral sliding function time derivative of integral sliding motion dynamics from the mismatched disturbance. This decoupling facilitates the design of “” through control theory, then, the closed‐loop systems are ensured to be asymptotically stable with performance. Lastly, with two classes of barrier functions exploited for the design of sliding mode controllers, both sliding modes cannot be lost for system responses even in the presence of unforeseen actuator failures and disturbances. In simulation, an IEEE 6 bus power system is offered to demonstrate the superiorities of the theoretical results.
Metastatic renal extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a dog: Clinical presentation, CT features and the role of ALP cytochemical staining for diagnosis
Authors: Garcia Mariona R. , Gomes Barbara , Irvine Katherine , Rosa Chantal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA 7‐year‐old beagle dog referred for investigations of haematuria was diagnosed with an amorphous mineralised mass of the right kidney and distant metastasis to several muscles, lymph nodes, interventricular septum, diaphragm and pulmonary parenchyma. Cytological examination of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates taken from the right renal mass, right perineum nodule and abdominal wall nodules diagnosed a sarcoma with osteoblastic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemical staining was performed on the slides from the renal aspirate and supported the diagnosis of an osteosarcoma. Due to the poor prognosis and extensive metastatic disease, the dog was euthanased. Computed tomography characteristics are described, as well as the use of alkaline phosphatase cytochemical staining, for diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcomas in dogs.
The development of a hydrogeological conceptual model of groundwater and surface water flows in the Silala River Basin
Authors: Peach Denis , Taylor Adam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFrom 1999 a dispute between Bolivia and Chile concerning the status and use of the Silala River developed. In 2016 it was taken before the International Court of Justice. Over time, a key disagreement between the parties emerged, concerning artificial channels in the headwater wetlands of the Silala River in Bolivia and their impact on the river and groundwater discharge from Bolivia to Chile. To quantify this, a numerical groundwater model was developed by Chile, requiring a hydrogeological conceptual model of the Silala River Basin, reviewed here. This focussed on understanding the groundwater system and its interactions with the Silala River. The data and information used to gain this understanding included geological mapping, drilling, satellite imagery interpretation, geophysical surveys, hydrogeochemical analyses, groundwater level monitoring, surface flow monitoring, and groundwater pumping tests. These were focussed along the course of the river and wetlands. A three‐dimensional geological model of the Silala Basin was based on these investigations. The groundwater model area covers the topographic catchment, plus three adjacent closed (endorheic) topographical catchments to the northeast, which together form the groundwater catchment of the Silala River. The main deep regional aquifer is found in ignimbrite pyroclastic rocks and an interbedded alluvial deposit, but secondary perched aquifers on the flanks of the Silala River ravine contribute to the complexity. Although uncertainty remains, the hydrogeological conceptual model describes the main observed features of the system in a scientifically sound and coherent manner, with appropriate detail to support a credible numerical model.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
The New Socialist Citizen and ‘Forgetting’ Authoritarianism: Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Revolution in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Antic Ana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the importance of revolution and ideas of radical reform for the development of socialist psychiatry, focusing on the case of post-1945 Yugoslavia. It looks at how the experience of social and political revolution transformed the clinical practice and intellectual frameworks of Yugoslavia’s ‘psy’ disciplines but also how the concept of revolution and reform was worked into psychiatric theories and initiatives. Following the Second World War, Yugoslav psychiatrists’ theorisation of the interplay between broader societal influences and individual psyche developed in a direction much more radical than mainstream social psychiatry in western Europe had ever seen. At the same time, in addition to reshaping psychiatry, the revolution became one of its central themes, and Yugoslav psychiatry dedicated significant efforts to describing, interpreting, and treating psychological consequences of the socialist revolution.
Moving Beyond Policy on Digital Transformation: Perceptions of Digital Transformation of Teaching by Academic Staff and Students
Authors: Solberg Espen , Tømte Cathrine E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Norwegian government has played an active role in promoting digital transformation of higher education institutions (HEI), through national strategies, steering and funding as well as various types of support and coordination. Yet, delays have been observed between national ambitions and the take-up of digital technology in teaching and learning practices. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a shock and a potential trigger for this transformation. In this chapter, we study the nature of the digital transformation of teaching and learning during the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020). The analysis is based on data from a large-scale survey among students and academic staff in Norwegian HEIs. Findings suggest a steep learning curve among faculty staff, guided by trial and error and a strong element of peer learning. We also observe multiple approaches towards online teaching, in line with the so-called emergency remote online teaching concept. As for the future “post-COVID” development, both students and staff seem to prefer campus-based teaching, yet they are positive towards adding more elements of digital resources to teaching. The implications of the findings are further discussed in relation to the ongoing policy debates on the future direction of digital higher education in Norway.
An assessment of the contact rates between individuals when movement is modelled by a correlated random walk
Authors: Bailey Joseph D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how individuals come into contact with each other is important in many fields from biology and ecology to robotics and physics. Interaction dynamics are central in understanding how information is spread between agents, how disease spreads through a population, and how group movement or behaviour occurs. However, in many applications, the underlying mode of movement is not considered, and instead, contacts are considered a fraction of all possible contacts amongst a population. This gives rise to the mass-action law which in turn implies a negative quadratic relationship between contacts and individuals. Here we consider how a simple but often used movement model, the correlated random walk, affects the contact rate in a standard Susceptible-Infection (SI) epidemiological model. Via extensive simulation, we show that the contact rate is not always well described by the assumed negative quadratic relationship,$$I(N-I)$$I(N-I)(where$$I$$Iis the number of infected at a given time and$$N$$Nthe total number of individuals). Instead, we find that a contact rate proportional to$${\left[I(N-I)\right]}^{\alpha }$$I(N-I)αwith$$0<\alpha \le 1$$0<α≤1is a better qualitative fit, where$$\alpha$$αdepends upon parameters such as the straightness of the movement and the density of individuals. We highlight that the expected contacts at low densities increase with straight line movement, whereas, at high densities, they increase with more random movement.
Semi-classical Analysis Around Local Maxima and Saddle Points for Degenerate Nonlinear Choquard Equations
Authors: Cingolani Silvia , Tanaka Kazunaga 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study existence of semi-classical states for the nonlinear Choquard equation: $$\begin{aligned} -\varepsilon ^2\Delta v+ V(x)v = {1\over \varepsilon ^\alpha }(I_\alpha *F(v))f(v) \quad \text {in}\ {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}$$

-

ε
2

Δ
v
+
V

(
x
)

v
=

1

ε
α

(

I
α

∗
F

(
v
)

)

f

(
v
)

in

R

N

,

where $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, $$\alpha \in (0,N)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
N
)

, $$I_\alpha (x)=A_\alpha /|{x}|^{N-\alpha }$$

I
α

(
x
)

=

A
α

/

|
x
|

N
-
α

is the Riesz potential, $$F\in C^1({\mathbb {R}},{\mathbb {R}})$$

F
∈

C
1

(
R
,
R
)

, $$F'(s)=f(s)$$

F
′

(
s
)

=
f

(
s
)

and $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

is a small parameter. We develop a new variational approach, in which our deformation flow is generated through a flow in an augmented space to get a suitable compactness property and to reflect the properties of the potential. Furthermore our flow keeps the size of the tails of the function small and it enables us to find a critical point without introducing a penalization term. We show the existence of a family of solutions concentrating to a local maximum or a saddle point of $$V(x)\in C^N({\mathbb {R}}^N,{\mathbb {R}})$$

V

(
x
)

∈

C
N

(

R

N

,
R
)

under general conditions on F(s). Our results extend the results by Moroz and Van Schaftingen (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 52:199–235, 2015) for local minima (see also Cingolani and Tanaka (Rev Mat Iberoam 35(6):1885–1924, 2019)) and Wei and Winter (J Math Phys 50:012905, 2009) for non-degenerate critical points of the potential.
Extensions and variations of Andrews–Merca identities
Authors: Nyirenda Darlison , Mugwangwavari Beaullah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, Andrews and Merca have given a new combinatorial interpretation of the total number of even parts in all partitions ofninto distinct parts. We generalise this result and consider many more variations of their work. We also highlight some connections with the work of Fu and Tang.
TheFamaof the Theatre of Pompey between Antiquity and Antiquarianism
Authors: Muecke Frances 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article shows how, from the time of its construction up until late antiquity and beyond, written sources reflected and perpetuated thefamaof Pompey's theatre. Such was its reputation as the Roman theatrepar excellencethat, even after its absorption into the fabric of medieval Rome, in the earlier fifteenth century Italian proto-antiquarians were prompted by what they had read to attempt to locate it. A key figure in the process of sifting and applying the ancient sources was Biondo Flavio (1392–1463). Roughly contemporary with the early stages of Alberti'sDe re aedificatoria, but probably preceding the blueprint of the Roman theatre in that work, Biondo's pioneering ‘theatre-made-of-words’ in hisRoma instauratapresented a newly accurate understanding of its structure and use (clearly distinguishing it from the amphitheatre) which proved influential in inspiring further topographical and antiquarian interest and research in the early sixteenth century.
Excavations at Sabratha, 1948–1951: the small finds
Authors: Allason-Jones Lindsay , Greep Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe small finds discovered during the 1948–1951 excavations by Katherine M. Kenyon and John B. Ward-Perkins at Sabratha were scattered after the 1950s and have taken some time to be re-assembled. The following report on the small objects includes material in silver, copper alloy, iron, lead, glass, semiprecious stones, clay and stone, with a separate report on the substantial bone artefact assemblage. As well as providing the basic data on the objects, some of which are unique to Roman Libya, efforts have been made to put them into their Empire-wide context.
Choice of slavery institutions in Ancient Greece: Athenian chattels and Spartan helots
Authors: Tridimas George 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ancient Greek city-states were slave societies, but the institutions of slavery differed across them. The slaves of democratic Athens were foreigners bought as chattels labouring in agriculture, craftsmanship, banking, mining, and domestic services and were often given some limited freedoms and extra pay. On the contrary, the helots, the slaves of oligarchic Sparta, were indigenous of the lands they cultivated for their masters and were treated harshly. The study offers an economic explanation of the different slavery systems. Modelling the slaveholder as a profit maximiser, it attributes the different systems to differences in the probabilities of the slaves running away or revolting, the dependence of output on effort-intensive or care-intensive production technology, which depends on the fertility of the soil and affects whether the slave is treated kindly instead of harshly, and the cost of guarding slaves under different regimes.
Stepwise pathway for early evolutionary assembly of dissimilatory sulfite and sulfate reduction
Authors: Neukirchen Sinje , Pereira Inês A C , Sousa Filipa L 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicrobial dissimilatory sulfur metabolism utilizing dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr) influenced the biochemical sulfur cycle during Earth’s history and the Dsr pathway is thought to be an ancient metabolic process. Here we performed comparative genomics, phylogenetic, and synteny analyses of several Dsr proteins involved in or associated with the Dsr pathway across over 195,000 prokaryotic metagenomes. The results point to an archaeal origin of the minimal DsrABCMK(N) protein set, having as primordial function sulfite reduction. The acquisition of additional Dsr proteins (DsrJOPT) increased the Dsr pathway complexity. Archaeoglobus would originally possess the archaeal-type Dsr pathway and the archaeal DsrAB proteins were replaced with the bacterial reductive-type version, possibly at the same time as the acquisition of the QmoABC and DsrD proteins. Further inventions of two Qmo complex types, which are more spread than previously thought, allowed microorganisms to use sulfate as electron acceptor. The ability to use the Dsr pathway for sulfur oxidation evolved at least twice, with Chlorobi and Proteobacteria being extant descendants of these two independent adaptations.
Fast gradient algorithm for complex ICA and its application to the MIMO systems
Authors: Mika Dariusz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new gradient-descent algorithm for complex independent component analysis and presents its application to the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output communication systems. Algorithm uses the Lie structure of optimization landscape and toral decomposition of gradient matrix. The theoretical results are validated by computer simulation and compared to several classes of algorithms, gradient descent, quasi-Newton as well as complex JADE. The simulations performed showed excellent results of the algorithm in terms of speed, stability of operation and the quality of separation. A characteristic feature of gradient methods is their quick response to changes in the input signal. The good results of the proposed algorithm indicate potential use in on-line applications.