bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADULT INFECTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RISK OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE BUT LOWER RISK OF CANCER
Authors: Ukraintseva Svetlana , Popov Vladimir , Duan Hongzhe , Yashkin Arseniy , Akushevich Igor , Arbeev Konstantin , Yashin Anatoliy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that infections may promote Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Chronic infections have also been linked to several cancers. However, there is evidence that acute febrile infections may treat some cancers, suggesting that anti-pathogen immune response could help fight off transformed cells. To explore potentially ambivalent role of infections in cancer and AD, we estimated associations between history of infection and subsequent risks of AD, cancer (all sites combined), and all-cause mortality, in sample of 270K participants of the UK Biobank. We found that prior infection is associated with 29% higher risk of AD (RR=1.29, 95% CI[1.02,1.63], both sexes). In contrast, the overall cancer risk was 49% lower in people with history of infection, compared to individuals without such history (RR=0.49, 95% CI[0.46,0.52], both sexes). History of infections was also associated with 7% reduced total survival at ages 70+ (RR=0.93, 95% CI[0.92,0.94]); however, the negative effect was less evident at younger ages. Results of our study suggest that infections may antagonistically influence chances of AD and cancer. They also show that impact of infections on survival depends on age and is more detrimental at older ages, which may reflect general decline in immune resilience due to aging, as well as the fact that cancer becomes a major contributor to mortality risk at younger ages than AD. Understanding the trade-offs between major diseases is essential for optimizing disease prevention and pro-longevity interventions, since measures aiming to prevent one disease may sometimes increase risks of other major conditions and/or all-cause mortality.
A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR UTI PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Wu Kuan-Ching , Zaslavsky Oleg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
UTI admission rates are 3.4 times higher among persons with dementia (PWD) than among those without dementia. The hospitalizations often result in adverse health complications such as the increased risk of delirium, cognitive decline, and higher mortality. To date, several UTI guidelines exist for specific populations, including women, children, people with catheters, and long-term care patients; however, there has been little focus on non-pharmacological prevention and management in PWD. The goal of this work is to propose a theoretical framework for UTI prevention and management in community-dwelling older PWD with the following three aims: 1) identify factors and outcomes of UTIs in community-dwelling older PWD; 2) generate a conceptual framework informed by Bronfenbrenner’s 1977 ecological model; 3) integrate preventive measures to the adapted framework. We conducted a scoping literature review utilizing the following keywords and concepts: risk factors, UTI management and prevention, community-dwelling older adults, and dementia. The UTIP framework was generated with four levels of risk factors (individual, interpersonal, community, and national) and four domains of affected outcomes (PWD, caregivers, PWD and their caregivers, and community/national). Additionally, seven themes of preventive measures emerged: physical activity and mobility, behavioral therapy, personal hygiene, phytotherapy, dietary, compound, and hormone. Finally, a table of care management opportunities was proposed according to dementia severity and caregivers’ involvement. In conclusion, the UTIP framework synthesizes exciting and is flexible to accommodate new evidence. As such, the framework is informative for programs, practices, and policies to lower the risks of preventable admission in PWD.
A COMPREHENSIVE ALZHEIMER’S AND DEMENTIA CARE PROGRAM (ADCP) FOR PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS
Authors: Ramirez Madieska , Kakarla Prabhash , Gieniusz Marzena , Alvarez Jessica , Nouryan Chris , Burns Edith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) are progressive and associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) contributing to caregiver stress. We report initial impact of implementing UCLA-designed ADCP to support ADRD patients and caregivers. The program centralizes care, utilizing a nurse dementia-care specialist.

Methods
Prospective repeated measures of ADRD patient/caregiver dyads from 3/2021–7/2022. Measures: BPSD, ADL/IADL, cognition, and caregiver burden, distress and depression.

Results
Total of 154 patient/caregiver dyads enrolled to-date. 42 have been enrolled for one-year: 23 with complete data, 5 pending follow-up, 14 disenrolled (2 expired, 3 to hospice, 2 moved, 7 lost contact). For 23 patients with baseline and follow up, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire decreased from 16.3 to 13.1 (p=0.170), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for caregivers decreased (3.5 to 2.2, p=0.044), Montreal Cognitive Assessment decreased from 11.3 to 8.4 (p=0.045), and Dementia Burden Scale (DBS) showed nonsignificant decrease, 20.6 to 18.4 (p=0.312). Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia was unchanged, 5.67 to 5.14 (p=0.380), and ADL and IADL decreased one year after enrollment, from 4.05 to 2.36 (p &lt; 0.01) and 1.38 to 0.238 (p &lt; 0.01) respectively.

Conclusion
Although attrition rate was high for the small sample (1/3 of dyads enrolled in the program for a year), there were improvements in some metrics for both patients and caregivers, despite the expected decline in cognitive function and ADL/IADL. As data is accrued, we anticipate it will identify patients and support resources that will be most beneficial.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTIC APPROACHES TO SUPPORTING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Boot Walter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emerging technologies in the domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics hold tremendous potential for supporting the health, wellbeing, independence, and quality of life of older adults. This session presents a sampling of research examining the promise of these technologies and barriers necessary to overcome in order for these technology-based solutions to be implemented, accepted, and adopted. This session will start with K. Trainum presenting a broad overview of the potential of robots to benefit individuals living in senior-living facilities, and a summary of the literature to date. L. Vergara will describe findings related to older adults' attitudes toward a socially assistive robot and implications for the design and implementation of artificial intelligence through socially assistive robots in the home environment. M. Han will present a study examining older adults' preferences for digital conversational agents that can be used to help monitor health, and factors that influence older adults' intention to adopt digital conversational agents. Finally, S. Zhang will discuss the potential of artificial intelligence approaches to maximizing adherence to technology-based cognitive assessment and training through a just-in-time adherence support system tailored to the motivations of the individual. An overarching theme of the session is the need for a careful, thoughtful, user-centered design approach to ensure the success of emerging technology-based solutions to support the health and wellbeing of older adults.
UNDERSTANDING DEMENTIA DISCOURSE DURING ALZHEIMER’S AWARENESS MONTH IN CANADA: FIRST INSIGHTS FROM A TWITTER STUDY
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne , O’Connell Megan E , Cammer Allison , Azizi Mehrnoosh , Ahmadi Soheila , Grewal Karl , Green Shoshana , Berger Corinne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Twitter has become a key platform for public health campaigns, ranging from mental health awareness week to diabetes awareness month. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about how Twitter is being used to support health campaigns, particularly for Alzheimer’s Awareness Month. This presentation aims to: 1) identify how Twitter was used to share dementia discourse during Canada’s Alzheimer’s Awareness Month in January; and 2) explore actions to enhance dementia awareness using Twitter for future Alzheimer’s Awareness Month campaigns. Tweets were collected from Twitter using the Twint application in Python from January 1 to January 31, 2022. Filters were used to exclude irrelevant tweets (5,820), and the remaining 1,289 tweets were exported to Excel. Tweets were divided among eleven coders and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Analysis revealed four main themes: dementia education and advocacy; fundraising and promotion; sharing experiences of dementia; and opportunities for future actions such as collaborative partnerships and educational tweets to correct stigmatizing language and dementia stereotypes. Increased educational content, collaborative partnerships, and evidence-informed research are essential to enhancing dementia awareness strategies on Twitter during Alzheimer’s Awareness Month in Canada. Further research is needed to develop, implement, and evaluate methods to improve dementia awareness on Twitter during Alzheimer’s Awareness Month and beyond.
THE COMPARISON OF DUAL TASK TIME AMONG APOE CARRIERS AGAINST NON-APOE CARRIERS IN AGING ADULTS
Authors: Diehl Cody , Campitelli Anthony , Jones Megan , Gills Joshua , Paulson Sally , Glenn Jordan , Bryk Kelsey , Gray Michelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
No single variable has been identified as the sole factor for predicting an individuals’ declining health status. In order to predict mental or physical decline in older adults, researchers have designed tasks that include both a physical and mental or cognitive demand known as dual task (DT). The purpose of implementing dual task is to assess the possible changes in accuracy when a second task gets compounded with a given single task. Our study consists of males and females aged from 45 to 75 years who have risk factors for dementia. Each subject was randomly assigned to either a health coaching (HC), or health education (HE) control group. The HC group received coaching to address the lifestyle areas known to be linked to AD risk, such as diet, exercise, sleep, stress, cognitive training, and social interaction. Blood markers of each individual have been assessed to determine carrier status of Apolipoprotein E 4 (APOE4) due to the correlation between the allele and increased risk of Alzheimer’s. To be included in the study, the participants must have at least 2 positive risk factors for AD as determined by the Australian National University-Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI). Among non-APOE carriers, a 2x3 (group x time) mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect wherein the HC group improved DTC score more than the HE group from time 1 to time 3, F (2, 362) =1.253, P=0.017. No significant interaction was noted for APOE carriers.
THE ASSOCIATION OF LIFESTYLE AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT WITH DEMENTIA: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Jang Jiyoon , Lee Sang Hwa , Cho Eunhee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As the aging population increases, the number of people with dementia is expected to rise rapidly, resulting in a growing burden on families and society. Delaying and preventing the clinical onset of dementia are significant public health goals. Unhealthy lifestyles and social disengagement have been identified to be modifiable risk factors for all-cause dementia. However, this has not been fully examined in the Korean population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of lifestyle and social engagement with dementia incidence, based on the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA) database with recently added dementia-related variables (diagnosis, medication administration, and treatment). The study included 5,071 participants; cases are patients diagnosed with dementia from 2010 to 2020 and controls are older adults without dementia. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of dementia with lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, exercising) and social engagement. Among the lifestyle factors, the current smoking status was associated with an increased risk of dementia (OR = 2.359, p &lt; .05) after controlling the health-related covariates and general characteristics. Furthermore, increased participation in social activities was significantly related with a decreased risk of dementia (OR = 0.575, p &lt; .01). This study highlighted the importance of non-smoking and social engagement in reducing the risk of dementia in later life. Therefore, implementation of interventions that focus on these leading risk factors can significantly reduce the burden of dementia in Korea.
PERCEIVED SOCIAL ISOLATION IS CORRELATED WITH BRAIN STRUCTURE AND COGNITIVE TRAJECTORY IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Zhang Ye , Tatewaki Yasuko , Liu Yingxu , Tomita Naoki , Takano Yumi , Nakase Taizen , Mutoh Tatsushi , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Perceived social isolation was associated with future cognitive decline and increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the impacts of perceived social isolation depending on different clinical stages of AD have not been elucidated. This study was to investigate the influence of perceived social isolation, or loneliness on brain structure and future cognitive trajectories in patients who are living with or are at risk for AD. 176 patients (mean age of 78 years, 39 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 53 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 84 AD) underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological testing. Loneliness was measured by one binary item question “Do you often feel lonely?”. Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to evaluate regional gray matter volume (rGMV) difference associated with loneliness in each group. Subgroup analysis was performed in 51 patients with AD (n=23) and pre-dementia status (SCD-MCI, n=28) using the longitudinal scores of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component-Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog). Whole brain VBM analysis comparing lonely to non-lonely patients revealed loneliness was associated with decreased rGMV in bilateral thalamus in SCD patients, and in the left middle occipital gyrus and the cerebellar vermal lobules Ⅰ-Ⅴ in MCI patients. Annual change of ADAS-Jcog in patients who reported loneliness was significantly greater comparing to these non-lonely in SCD-MCI group, but not in AD group. Our results indicate that perceived social isolation, or loneliness, might be a comorbid symptom of patients with SCD or MCI, which make them more vulnerable to the neuropathology of future AD progression.
INTERNATIONAL LONG-TERM CARE HOME QUALITY ASSURANCE: HOW DO EUROPEAN MEASURES ADDRESS DEMENTIA?
Authors: Lepore Michael , Zúñiga Franziska , Schols Jos , Wingenfeld Klaus , van Achterberg Theo , Murray Briana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) are prevalent conditions in long-term care homes (LTCHs) with about 50% of LTCH residents living with ADRD in many countries. Despite the prevalence of ADRD in LTCHs, a recent examination of LTCH quality assurance programs in four countries revealed a small percentage of LTCH quality measures across those countries addressed ADRD, most commonly as a risk adjuster, and once each as an inclusion or exclusion criterion. To better understand how quality assurance programs address ADRD internationally, we examined LTCH quality measures in four European countries—The Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and Belgium—following procedures previously used to examine international LTCH quality assurance measures. 73 measures were examined across 4 quality assurance programs. 26% of the measures addressed ADRD. The programs addressed ADRD in starkly different ways: in The Netherlands and Belgium no measures addressed ADRD; in Germany the majority (13/15) of measures addressed ADRD as an exclusion or inclusion criterion; and in Switzerland all the measures addressed ADRD through risk adjustment. Although limited to examining measures from LTCH quality assurance programs in four European countries, this study adds evidence that ADRD tends not to be addressed by LTCH quality measures, but when ADRD is addressed, it tends to be through risk adjustment. LTCH regulators, policymakers, and providers can use this information to assess options for addressing ADRD in quality assurance programs. Future research is needed to assess how standard indicators of quality differ across quality assurance regimes and how to address dementia beyond risk adjustment.
GAIT AND/OR BALANCE DISTURBANCES AND THE ONSET OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Ahn Sangwoo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Physical frailty is one of the fundamental hallmarks of aging. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are more likely to exhibit some characteristics of physical frailty such as worse gait and/or balance. Gait and/or balance disturbances may precede cognitive decline among cognitively healthy older adults. The purpose of this longitudinal observational study was to identify the temporal relationship between gait and/or balance disturbances and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because it has not been well characterized among older adults with MCI. Data of 2,692 older adults with MCI (ages 74.5 ± 7.1 years, women making up 47% of the sample) were from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set. Risk of incident AD by baseline gait and/or balance disturbances was examined by Cox regression models over 4.0 ± 3.0 years, adjusting for demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and study site where the data were collected. The presence of gait and/or balance disturbances predicted 38% to 55% (hazard ratios [HR] 1.38 to 1.55) increased risk of AD. Findings remained robust in sub-group analyses by sex and there were no noticeable changes compared with the original analyses. Thus, regardless of sex, gait and/or balance disturbances predicted the onset of AD among older adults with MCI. Health care providers may need to (1) catch a warning of possible cognitive decline by a frequent assessment of gait and/or balance disturbances and (2) provide effective strategies to improve gait and/or balance disturbances to potentially delay the onset of AD.
EXPLORATION OF CARE CONTENTS AFFECTING STRESS VARIABILITY IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF OLDER PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Kabaya Sonoko , Greiner Chieko , Nakamura Masahide , Yamaguchi Yuko , Xuanrong Zhang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Support for family caregivers (FCs) caring for older people with dementia in the home settings is a common issue in developed countries. Previous studies have reported that the increase in the burden of FCs not only causes health problems, but also makes it difficult to continue care at home and causes serious problems such as abuse. However, it is not clear how FCs’ stress, which leads to increased burden, fluctuates within a day through daily care activities. The aim of this study was to explore care activities that influence the increase in FCs’ stress. We recruited one dyad of an older adult with dementia over the age of 65 and a FC. Data collection was performed for consecutive 7 days throughout 24 hours. We adopted hamon® developed by Mitsufuji Corp. Japan to measure Heart Rate Variability (HRV)-based stress. Moreover, we asked a FC to talk with Virtual Agent on a laptop freely to understand when and what kind of care activities were done and how FC’s feelings were. Kruskal-Wallis’s test and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test were used to compare differences in stress in the care contents. Results showed that sleeping care, which is composed of such as assistance in using the toilet and changing clothes, gives more stress to FC, compared with morning care which includes such as assistance in changing clothes, eating breakfast, and taking medicine (p=0.042). this finding is beneficial for considering how to reduce FC’s stress on daily care activities.
REFRAMING AGING: INTRA- AND INTERGENERATIONAL DIGITAL CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS TO SUPPORT OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Han Molly , Piercy Cameron 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Digital conversational agents (DCAs) have become extraordinarily ubiquitous. Researchers envision the prospects of using DCAs to monitor health among older adults. However, older adults show hesitation to engage with DCAs. It is possible older adults prefer receiving human assistance rather than getting help from a machine. Another potential explanation is that communicative cues of DCAs such as voice need to be further optimized to invoke behavioral engagement. To understand how DCAs can better support older adults, we develop an experiment with three scenarios in which an agent (a human, an embodied DCA, a mixed presence of human and DCA) shares active aging information. We manipulate the agent’s voice in terms of age (older voice, younger voice). We investigate how the interplay of agent categories and intragenerational/intergenerational voice cues affect older adult participants’ evaluation of information and intention to adopt DCAs. Our study will contribute to DCAs design for older clients.
ENGAGING A DIVERSE PATIENT AND CARE PARTNER COUNCIL TO REFINE DEMENTIA CARE DIGITAL HEALTH TOOLS
Authors: Cassidy Jessica , Fisher Mary , Romeo Evelyn , Holden Samantha , Caffrey Melanie , Nease Donald , Lum Hillary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Digital health tools have potential to reduce health disparities for persons with dementia and their family care partners (i.e., dementia dyads). We aimed to promote digital health equity through engaging stakeholders to identify priorities and suggestions for refinements to digital health tools. We convened a council, “Memory Research Partners in Caring and Technology” comprised of three dementia dyads, two care partners, and 10 community members with experience as research partners. The council met six times over seven months. Methods of engagement included: a) delivering preparatory educational materials and hosting guest speakers; b) World Café participatory methods and small group discussions using Google jamboards; and c) individual consultations with partners for additional input. Data was analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and member checking with research partners. We evaluated engagement methods with a research partner survey and analyzed responses using descriptive statistics. Research partners identified key priorities for equitable refinement of digital health tools, including: 1) Communicating with dementia dyads based on their preferences; 2) Creating user-friendly patient portals; 3) Ensuring digital health tools offer dementia dyads convenience; 4) Providing technology supports; and 5) Facilitating connection to community resources. Stakeholder feedback regarding project engagement indicated majority strongly agreed their input was accurately heard (69%); communication and scheduling was accommodating (77%); they contributed to the research project (69%); and they gained new knowledge on digital tools (54%) and dementia (85%). Research partner insights and ongoing member checking will inform future next steps towards improving dementia care coordination and communication using digital tools.