bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIoT Product/Solution Design
Authors: Slama Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe idea of a more detailed design document may seem old fashioned to someone who is used to working in small, agile development teams. After all, the Agile manifesto itself values working software over comprehensive documentation and emphasizes the most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation. However, in large-scale, multi-team, multisite projects, a certain amount of documentation is required to ensure that all teams and stakeholders are aligned and working in synch. Working across organizational boundaries will add to the need for more detailed documentation of requirements and design decisions. Finally, some types of procurement contracts will require detailed specifications and SLAs (see Sourcing_and_Procurement). Given that an AIoT-enabled product or solution will contain different building blocks, such as AI, hardware, software, embedded components, etc., it is likely that it will face many of these constraints. Consequently, the Digital Playbook proposes to create and maintain a product/solution architecture that captures key requirements and design decisions in a consistent manner (Fig. 25.1).
AIoT in a Global, High-Volume Manufacturing Network (Bosch and Microsoft)
Authors: Slama Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBosch Chassis Systems Control (CC) is a division of Bosch that develops and manufactures components, systems and functions in the field of vehicle safety, vehicle dynamics and driver assistance. The products from Bosch CC combine cameras, radar and ultrasonic sensors, electric power steering and active or passive safety systems to improve driver safety and comfort. Bosch CC is a global organization with twenty factories around the world. Very high volumes, combined with a high product variety, characterize Bosch CC production. Large numbers of specially designed and commissioned machines are deployed to ensure high levels of automation. Organized in a global production network, plants can realize synergies at scale (Fig. 31.1).
Digital OEM
Authors: Slama Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Digital OEM combines physical product design, engineering and manufacturing with Software-as-a-Service in order to provide smart, connected products. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the two key enablers. This chapter will introduce the concept of the Digital OEM in detail, following again the why, what, how structure from the introduction (Fig. 7.1).
Blockchain
Authors: Gasser Linus , Hubaux Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA blockchain is a decentralized system for managing a block-based data structure. Unlike centralized systems that rely on honest operators, blockchains can function even when some participants act maliciously, as long as more than half of the entities in the network are honest. A broader term for blockchains is Digital Ledger Technologies. This includes systems that do not rely on linked blocks but offer decentralized data management. A growing list of applications is produced around blockchain’s tracking and logging capabilities: due to their underlying data structure, all history is available forever. Nevertheless, the complexity of blockchain systems still has to be tamed before it makes economic sense.
Tunneling and VPN
Authors: Lin Weyde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTunneling is a technique used to transport data packets over a network. The original data packets, with a protocol not supported by the host network, are encapsulated within another packet and then transported through the network. While tunneling is often used in a virtual private network, virtual private network, and tunneling are technically not the same, and there are virtual private networks without tunneling. However, tunneling is essential for securing a remote resource as an integral part of most VPN implementations. Without such encrypted tunnels, the traffic to this remote resource would be unencrypted and potentially taped by a malicious third party.
Secure Media
Authors: Ebrahimi Touradj 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMedia security is a subset of information security concerned with protecting the semantic information behind multimedia assets, such as images, instead of just representing the information. Media security problems can be divided into two main clusters: creator-centric and content-centric. With the growing reliance on multimedia content in citizens’ daily lives, both professionally and in their private lives, media security is becoming an essential technology to include in many applications. Furthermore, media security is no longer a niche; many applications need media security tools and solutions in addition to more general security tools and solutions such as symmetric or asymmetric encryption. At the same time, media security tools and solutions are increasingly essential elements in many professional and private applications that have become multimedia-rich.
Conclusion
Authors: Mulder Valentin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis book provides an expansive overview of data protection and encryption technologies. However, the limitations include the static nature of the information presented, as the data and research used are limited to the time of conducting this research. These limits should be considered when interpreting the results and conclusions investigated in this study. It is important to note that the projections and predictions are based on the most relevant and available information. There is still a lot to be discovered and understood.
A 3D-Printed Biomimetic Porous Cellulose-Based Artificial Seed with Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystals for Colorimetric Humidity Sensing
Authors: Cikalleshi Kliton , Mariani Stefano , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDistributed sensing of environmental parameters is going towards solutions that are more efficient by taking inspiration from flying plant seeds. Yet, present technologies mostly rely on electronics, and they are often heavy and not biodegradable. Here, we develop a biodegradable and porous material, based on cellulose acetate and lignin, and characterize its degree of porosity. We use this material to 3D print lightweight and porous artificial fliers inspired by Ailanthus altissima seeds. By 3D printing, we can tailor in a precise way the morphology of the artificial flier that strongly influences its aerodynamic behavior. We add a cellulose-based photonic crystal for humidity sensing of topsoil by optical readout. These artificial flyers are biomimetic, lightweight and biodegradable and have the same mass (~22.4 mg) and descent speed (~0.64 m/s) of the natural seeds, thus constituting a novel approach for perspective distributed monitoring of relevant environmental parameters (i.e., humidity).
Living Organisms as Sensors for Biohybrid Monitoring Systems
Authors: Rajewicz Wiktoria , Helmer Nikolaus , Schmickl Thomas , Thenius Ronald 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany aquatic habitats have become vulnerable to rapid and long-term changes induced by industrialism, air pollution, tourism, fishing activities etc. These factors created an urgent need for extensive water monitoring and conservation. By observing the behaviour of lifeforms, we can monitor the state of the environment. Here, we present the methodology, calibration approaches and preliminary results of designing a biohybrid entity for aquatic monitoring. Biohybrid robots combine mechanical and electronic elements with living organisms or tissues. This biohybrid consists of several modules, each hosting or attracting different species and communities. We focus on animals such as Daphnia sp., zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and various representatives of the plankton community. The first results showed that 1) both Daphnia and D. polymorpha show no clear signs of confinement-induced stress, 2) the designed structures are examples of suitable tools for hosting the organisms, observing their behaviour and collecting and storing data and 3) their behaviour can be calibrated under laboratory conditions to be able to extrapolate the field data into environmental data.
Schluss
Authors: Kowalski Philipp 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Ausübung der beleuchteten Mitgliedschaftsrechte durch eine Erbengemeinschaft ergeben sich keine Schwierigkeiten, die groß genug wären, um etwa die Notwendigkeit einer gesetzesübersteigernden Rechtsfortbildung zu begründen. Folglich lässt sich aus dem aufgedeckten Wertungsgeflecht, das die berührten Normen durchzieht, induktiv eine einzelne Schlussfolgerung für das dogmatische Verständnis von der gesamthänderischen Zuordnung der im Nachlass befindlichen Mitgliedschaft in einer Körperschaft ableiten.
The burden of attempted hanging and drowning presenting to hospitals in Ireland between 2007 and 2019: a national registry-based study
Authors: White Philippa , Corcoran Paul , Griffin Eve , Arensman Ella , Barrett Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To measure the impact of hospital-treated self-harm by hanging and drowning in Ireland in 2007–2019 and identify risk factors for these methods of self-harm.

Method
Data on all self-harm presentations to Irish hospitals between 2007 and 2019 were obtained from the National Self-Harm Registry Ireland, a national self-harm surveillance system. Multinomial regression was used to explore factors associated with attempted hanging and drowning.

Results
The age-standardised incidence rate of attempted hanging and drowning increased by 126% and 45%, respectively, between 2007 and 2019. The incidence of both methods was highest among young people aged 15–24 years. The odds of presenting to hospital for attempted hanging were highest in males (aOR 2.85, 95% CI 2.72–3.00), people experiencing homelessness (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16–1.49) and individuals living in the capital, Dublin (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17–1.29). The odds of presenting for attempted drowning were highest in males (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.58–1.78) and people experiencing homelessness (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 2.41–2.99).

Conclusion
The incidence of hospital-treated self-harm by hanging and drowning is increasing in Ireland and is highest among adolescents and young adults. Males and people experiencing homelessness may be at highest risk and warrant targeted preventive interventions.
On the exact equilibrium conditions of irregular shells reinforced by beams along the junctions
Authors: Konopińska-Zmysłowska Violetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe exact, resultant equilibrium conditions for irregular shells reinforced by beams along the junctions are formulated. The equilibrium conditions are derived by performing direct integration of the global equilibrium conditions of continuum mechanics. New, exact resultant static continuity conditions along the singular curve modelling reinforced junction are presented. The results do not depend on shell thickness, internal through-the-thickness shell structure, or material properties of shell and beam elements. In this theoretical approach, the beam’s kinematics is represented by the elastic Cosserat curve. Kinematically, the six-parameter model of shell structures coincides with the Cosserat curve model of the beam. The presented method can be easily applied to cases of connection of three or four shell elements with the reinforcement along the junction.
Land cover and use-history of large empty spaces at fortified Iron Age hilltop sites; a case study from La Terrasse, Bibracte oppidum
Authors: Hajnalová Mária , Goláňová Petra , Jamrichová Eva , Petr Libor , Fránková Markéta , Barta Peter , Kočárová Romana , Flammer Patrik G. , Pető Ákos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe research of Iron Age oppida and hillforts plays a significant role in understanding the urbanisation processes throughout the European continent. The habitation and built-up areas have always been in the limelight of both traditional and environmental archaeological research. However, at many oppida, there were also large, unoccupied empty spaces. As they are crucial for understanding these settlements’ internal organisation, their functions are debated. Here we aim to demonstrate that seldom studied archaeobotanical archives preserve information on their use-history. By implementing a multiproxy approach, we seek to answer questions on the development, land use and vegetation history of one important open space at Bibracte oppidum on Mont Beuvray. Through the correlation of pollen, phytoliths, diatoms, charcoal, seeds, and parasites with radiocarbon dating we collected evidence of archaeologically otherwise untraceable human activities and detected a much more complicated history of the studied area. We show that it was repeatedly used in the last eight millennia and was never farmed or built up. During the phases of its most intensive exploitation in the Late Iron Age (La Tène) and Early Middle Ages (Merovingian) periods, it was kept as grassland. Our research lays down the foundation for the wider implementation of archaeobotany into projects that aim to clarify the uses and functions of enigmatic large open spaces, not only from the Iron Age but also from other periods.
Techno-economic evaluation of biofertilizer production using wastewater biosolids: case study from municipal wastewater treatment plants in northwest region of Russia
Authors: Hassan Md. Kamrul , Senko Sergei , Villa Aki , Grafova Elena , Pappinen Ari , Kuittinen Suvi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe continuous and rapid growth of sewage sludge (biosolids) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses both economic and environmental challenges. In many cities of Russia, the situation has exacerbated with time. In this study, three state-of-the-art biosolid management technologies, namely windrow composting (WC), tunnel composting (TC), and lime stabilization (LS), were evaluated for their economic feasibility to produce commercially biofertilizers from WWTP-derived biosolids. Based on an annual discharge of 22,000 m3 of dewatered biosolids from the case WWTP, about 29,785, 22,453, and 35,056 m3 biofertilizers could be produced through WC, TC, and LS, respectively. Analysis showed the selected WC, TC, and LS technological options to be feasible if the selling price of the produced biofertilizer would be maintained at 19 EUR/m3 for WC and LS, and 77 EUR/m3 for TC. The discounted payback period (DPP) of WC, LS, and TC would be 3.1, 18.1, and 25.3 years, respectively, with an IRR (internal rate of return) of 10%. The key characteristics of the treated WWTP-derived biosolids were found to be good enough to meet the existing environmental laws, standards, and regulations in Russia. From an investment perspective, this study is useful in developing WWTP-derived biosolids for biofertilizer production at enterprise level.
EEG Microstates in Social and Affective Neuroscience
Authors: Schiller Bastian , Sperl Matthias F. J. , Kleinert Tobias , Nash Kyle , Gianotti Lorena R. R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocial interactions require both the rapid processing of multifaceted socio-affective signals (e.g., eye gaze, facial expressions, gestures) and their integration with evaluations, social knowledge, and expectations. Researchers interested in understanding complex social cognition and behavior face a “black box” problem: What are the underlying mental processes rapidly occurring between perception and action and why are there such vast individual differences? In this review, we promote electroencephalography (EEG) microstates as a powerful tool for both examining socio-affective states (e.g., processing whether someone is in need in a given situation) and identifying the sources of heterogeneity in socio-affective traits (e.g., general willingness to help others). EEG microstates are identified by analyzing scalp field maps (i.e., the distribution of the electrical field on the scalp) over time. This data-driven, reference-independent approach allows for identifying, timing, sequencing, and quantifying the activation of large-scale brain networks relevant to our socio-affective mind. In light of these benefits, EEG microstates should become an indispensable part of the methodological toolkit of laboratories working in the field of social and affective neuroscience.
Rotifers of lake psammon: a knowledge synthesis
Authors: Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost information on rotifers living in lake sands comes from the 1930s, when the first reports on this subject by Jerzy Wiszniewski appeared. After some decline in the interest in lake psammon in the following years, research on lake psammon returned in the last decade of the twentieth century. The last comprehensive review of ecology of psammon Rotifera was included in the excellent 1998 publication by Schmid-Araya on Rotifera in interstitial sediments. More than 20 papers have been published since that time. So far, research conducted almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere have dealt with issues related to distribution of rotifers, their species structure and diversity as well as to their relation to abiotic and biotic factors. The aim of the present study was to collect all available information on psammon rotifers, assess the shortcomings in our knowledge and fill these gaps with the results of some of my recent research. The results of the study show that the species richness of this group in geographical terms is still unknown. It means we also do not know the level of endemism among the psammon rotifers. The role of psammon rotifers in benthic food webs is another issue requiring research.
Rotifer-heliozoan interactions: a population growth study
Authors: Sarma S. S. S. , Nandini S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe quantified the population growth of the predatory heliozoan Actinosphaerium eichhornii fed separately four rotifer prey (Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus havanaensis and Plationus patulus) at three densities (0.5, 1 and 2 ind. ml−1 per day). All the four prey rotifer species were consumed by A. eichhornii. Regardless of the prey species, increasing rotifer prey density resulted in an increased population growth of the heliozoans. Higher cyst production in A. eichhornii occurred at higher prey densities on all prey species. A. fissa offered at the lower densities of 0.5–1.0 ind. ml−1 day−1 did not lead to cyst production by A. eichhornii. The predator did not survive beyond 2 days on Chlorella vulgaris alone. When cultured together with heliozoans, A. fissa, B. calyciflorus and B. havanaensis were eliminated within 4 days. However, the prey rotifer Plationus patulus continued to survive for about 10 days with heliozoans. The highest rate of population increase of heliozoans (0.91 day−1) was recorded when fed B. calyciflorus at a density of 2 ind. ml−1 day−1, while of those of prey varied from 0.30 to 0.41 day−1 when fed Chlorella vulgaris at 1 × 106 cells ml−1 day−1. We have analyzed the impact of heliozoan predation on rotifers.
Family firm heterogeneity and patenting. Revising the role of size and age
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Mannarino Lidia , Pupo Valeria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating the moderating effects of size and age on the relationship between family ownership and innovation. The research hypotheses are tested on a large sample of Italian firms observed over the 2010–2017 period using a zero-inflated nonlinear count model. To refine the understanding of firm heterogeneity, we employ a three-way interaction approach. Results show that the patenting gap between FFs and non-FFs is sensitive to size and age. Compared to non-FFs, FFs underperform when they are small and young, or large and mature, with no substantial differences seen in other types of firms. By referring to the Socioemotional Wealth theory, we find that the founder effect, which differs over a firm’s life, is behind a good deal of these findings.
Thomasson’s defence of easy arguments
Authors: Symonds Hezki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccording to Amie Thomasson, most of the existence questions that concern ontologists can be easily answered using trivial arguments from uncontroversial premises. In this paper, I examine Thomasson’s main argument for this significant and striking thesis, focusing on the crucial premise that sortal terms have application conditions. I argue that Thomasson’s defence of this premise fails to support it. I also argue that it faces a serious objection.
Understanding young children’s science learning through embodied communication within an MR environment
Authors: Tu Xintian , Danish Joshua , Humburg Megan , Zhou Mengxi , Mathayas Nitasha , Enyedy Noel , Jen Tessaly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile there is increased interest in using movement and embodiment to support learning due to the rise in theories of embodied cognition and learning, additional work needs to be done to explore how we can make sense of students collectively developing their understanding within a mixed-reality environment. In this paper, we explore embodied communication’s individual and collective functions as a way of seeing students’ learning through embodiment. We analyze data from a mixed-reality (MR) environment: Science through Technology Enhanced Play (STEP) (Danish et al., International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 15:49–87, 2020), using descriptive statistics and interaction analysis to explore the role of gesture and movement in student classroom activities and their pre-and post-interviews. The results reveal that students appear to develop gestures for representing challenging concepts within the classroom and then use these gestures to help clarify their understanding within the interview context. We further explore how students collectively develop these gestures in the classroom, with a focus on their communicative acts, then provide a list of individual and collective functions that are supported by student gestures and embodiment within the STEP MR environment, and discuss the functions of each act. Finally, we illustrate the value of attending to these gestures for educators and designers interested in supporting embodied learning.
Applications of the levelized cost concept
Authors: Friedl Gunther , Reichelstein Stefan , Bach Amadeus , Blaschke Maximilian , Kemmer Lukas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLevelized cost is a life-cycle cost measure that aggregates investment expenditures and operating costs into a unit cost figure. So far, most applications of this concept have originated in relation to energy technologies. This paper describes the role of the levelized cost concept in cost accounting and synthesizes multiple research streams in connection with electricity, energy storage, hydrogen and carbon capture. Finally, we sketch multiple potential future applications of the levelized cost concept.
Epiphenomenalism and the Epistemic Argument
Authors: Rostek Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe epistemic argument against epiphenomenalism aims to prove that even if epiphenomenalism is true, its adherents are not able to justify their inferential beliefs. This would mean that they cannot know that they are right which is a self-stultifying consequence. I elaborate on this problem and then present an updated version of epiphenomenalism based on property dualism. I argue that this position is capable of refuting the conclusion of the epistemic argument even in spite of accepting its essential assumptions. This was made possible by an upgraded property exemplification account of events. I also argue against a view which, if true, gives substantial support to the epistemic argument: that a belief justified by other beliefs is knowledge only if it is caused by those beliefs in virtue of their contents.