bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a phase 1/2 study of cemdisiran in healthy subjects and patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Gaya Anna , Munir Talha , Urbano‐Ispizua Alvaro , Griffin Morag , Taubel Jorg , Bush Jim , Bhan Ishir , Borodovsky Anna , Wang Yue , Badri Prajakta , Garg Pushkal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComplement dysregulation underpins the physiopathology of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Cemdisiran, an RNA interference investigational treatment, silences complement component 5 (C5) expression in the liver. Previously reported results showed sustained reduction in C5 levels following cemdisiran monotherapy, with >90% reduction in patients with PNH.This phase 1/2 study evaluated single (Part A, n = 32; 50–900 mg) or multiple (Part B, n = 24; 100–600 mg) ascending doses of cemdisiran or placebo (double‐blind, randomized 3:1) in healthy adults, or cemdisiran in patients with PNH who were naive to, or receiving, eculizumab (Part C, n = 6; 200 or 400 mg weekly; open‐label). The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of cemdisiran. Other assessments included change in complement activity, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and inhibition of hemolysis following cemdisiran treatment.Cemdisiran was generally well tolerated in this study. Overall, 75%, 89%, and 100% of subjects in Parts A, B, and C, respectively, experienced ≥1 non‐serious adverse event (AE). Most events were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and the most common AEs included nasopharyngitis and headache. Cemdisiran elicited robust, sustained reductions in the complement activity in healthy adults and patients with PNH. In Part C, exploratory analyses showed that cemdisiran monotherapy was insufficient to prevent hemolysis in patients with PNH as measured by serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Cemdisiran and eculizumab combination therapy reduced the dose of eculizumab required to provide adequate control of intravascular hemolysis.These results demonstrate a potential benefit of cemdisiran coadministration in patients who are inadequate responders to eculizumab alone.
A behavioral intervention to promote use of multimodal pain medication for hospitalized patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bongiovanni Tasce , Pletcher Mark J. , Lau Catherine , Robinson Andrew , Lancaster Elizabeth , Zhang Li , Behrends Matthias , Wick Elizabeth , Auerbach Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and has become a core strategy to decrease opioid use, but there is a lack of data to describe encouraging use when admitting patients using electronic health record systems.ObjectiveAssess an electronic health record system to increase ordering of NSAIDs for hospitalized adults.Designs, Settings and ParticipantsWe performed a cluster randomized controlled trial of clinicians admitting adult patients to a health system over a 9‐month period. Clinicians were randomized to use a standard admission order set.InterventionClinicians in the intervention arm were required to actively order or decline NSAIDs; the control arm was shown the same order but without a required response.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was NSAIDs ordered and administered by the first full hospital day. Secondary outcomes included pain scores and opioid prescribing.ResultsA total of 20,085 hospitalizations were included. Among these hospitalizations, patients had a mean age of 58 years, and a Charlson comorbidity score of 2.97, while 50% and 56% were female and White, respectively. Overall, 52% were admitted by a clinician randomized to the intervention arm. NSAIDs were ordered in 2267 (22%) interventions and 2093 (22%) control admissions (p = .10). Similarly, there were no statistical differences in NSAID administration, pain scores, or opioid prescribing. Average pain scores (0–5 scale) were 3.36 in the control group and 3.39 in the intervention group (p = .46). There were no differences in clinical harms.Conclusions and RelevanceRequiring an active decision to order an NSAID at admission had no demonstrable impact on NSAID ordering. Multicomponent interventions, perhaps with stronger decision support, may be necessary to encourage NSAID ordering.
Characteristics and propagation of meteorological and hydrological droughts in eastern Gansu, a typical semi‐arid region, China
Authors: Zou Rui , Yin Yixing , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Zengxin , Ma Xieyao , Liu Mengyang , Ullah Irfan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe meteorological drought (MD) is the precursor of the hydrological drought (HD), and understanding the propagation process from MD to HD is of great significance for the early warning of HD. Based on the theory of run and Bayesian networks, this study uses the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized streamflow index (SSI) to explore the characteristics and propagation of MD and HD in the regions of eastern Gansu, China. The results indicate that: (1) The region was mainly wet (dry) and the wetness (dryness) was stronger before (after) 2000 when reflected by SSI. The frequency is higher based on SPI and SPEI than that based on SSI, while the duration and magnitude are lower than those based on SSI. (2) The propagation time from MD to HD is generally within 1–10 months. After the occurrence of a certain level of MD, it is most likely to propagate to HD events that are relatively weaker than the MD. Besides, the higher the intensity level of MD, the shorter the propagation time to HD, and the shorter for cumulative occurrence probability of HD to approach 1.0. (3) The increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient may contribute to the dryness after 2000. Moreover, the weakened propagation from MD to HD may be due to the rapid increase of water resource consumption caused by intensive anthropogenic activities in the study area. From the above results, this study found some propagation characteristics from MD to HD in a semi‐arid and semi‐humid watershed, which can provide a supplement for revealing the drought mechanism and can assist in the management and planning of water resources in China.
Determination of xanthates as Cu(II) complexes by high‐performance liquid chromatography – Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Suvela Ronja , Niemelä Matti , Perämäki Paavo 
Published: June 2023

The present study provides a novel, selective analysis method for the determination of low xanthate concentrations. The rising concern over the environmental effects of xanthates demands the development of analysis methods which this study answers. Complex formation in aqueous solution between xanthates and an excess of Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions was utilized to selectively determine xanthates by high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. The complexes that were formed were extracted to ethyl acetate using liquid–liquid extraction and separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography technique before the quantitative determination of metal ions and sulfur in the xanthate complexes. Good separation and high measurement sensitivity were achieved using Cu(II) as the complex metal ion. The analysis method was optimized for the determination of sodium isopropyl xanthate and sodium isobutyl xanthate with detection limits of 24.7 and 13.3 μg/L, respectively. With a linear calibration range of 0.1–15 mg/L and a total analysis time of 4–5 min, the present method is a fast and sensitive option for selective xanthate determination.
Ultrasound Assessment of Entheseal Sites and Anterior Chest Wall in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Haiqin , Zhou Gengmin , Luo Haiyu , Zhao Chenyang , Zhang Yusen , Dong Qian , Lv Heng , Zhong Jianqiu , Lv Jiyang , Zhang Weiwei , Sun Desheng , Wang Qingwen , Liu Li 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe study was designed to evaluate entheseal sites and anterior chest wall (ACW) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using ultrasound (US) and investigate the correlation between disease activity and US score.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study included 104 patients with AS and 50 control subjects. Each patient underwent US scanning of 23 entheses and 11 sites of the ACW. The US features, including hypoechogenicity, thickness, erosion, calcification, bursitis, and Doppler signal, were evaluated. Disease activity was assessed based on C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score‐C reactive protein (ASDAS‐CRP), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).ResultsThe most commonly involved entheses on US were the Achilles tendon (AT) and quadriceps tendon (QT). The most involved site of ACW was the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ). Compared with the control group, significant differences were observed in the AS group in the rates of US enthesitis and ACW in AT (P = .01), SCJ (P = .00), and costochondral joint (CCJ) (P = .01). Patients with high or very high disease activity had a higher erosion score (P = .02). The erosion score was weakly positively associated with CRP, ESR, BASDAI, ASDAS‐CRP, and ASDAS‐ESR (correlation coefficient: 0.22–0.45).ConclusionsThe most commonly involved entheseal sites on US were AT and QT, while the site of ACW was SCJ. The US assessment of AS should take the ACW into account. High disease activity might indicate erosion in AS.
Differentiating Meniere's Disease and Vestibular Migraine: Insights from Gadolinium‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Features
Authors: Xiao Heng , Chen Yibin , Huang Qinrong , Huang Min , Zheng Yingying , Fang Zheming , Chen Guohao 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the predictive factors between Meniere's disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM) by Gadolinium‐enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the inner ear and Clinical Features.MethodsEighty‐seven patients (50 MD and 37 VM) underwent intratympanic injection of gadolinium and MRI was performed 24 h later. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry and caloric tests.ResultsIn the MD group, 46 (92%) of 50 patients developed endolymphatic hydrops, although only 2 (5.4%) in the vestibular migraine (VM) group had positive results groups (p < 0.001). The incidence of migraine was 14% in the MD group and 67.7% in the VM group (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression of the two groups of patients indicated that the greater the sum of the maximum slow phase velocity (SPV) of the ipsilateral ear, the higher the risk of VM occurrence (p = 0.009). The incidence of carsickness was positively correlated with the incidence of VM (p < 0.001) and asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) was negatively correlated with the diagnosis of VM (p = 0.045).ConclusionGadolinium‐enhanced MRI of the inner ear is helpful for the differential diagnosis of VM and MD. Carsickness, decreased AHL, and increased Sum of the maximum SPV in the ipsilateral side (SSPVI) may act as diagnostic predictors of VM.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:426–432, 2024
Filamentation‐Induced Volume Plasma Grating: Dynamics, Possibilities, and Advantages
Authors: Hu Mengyun , Yuan Shuai , Nan Junyi , Cao Yuzhi , Chen Junyu , Zeng Heping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStable propagation of laser filamentation arrays paves new ways for cross‐scale manufacturing. Although a single filament or multiple filaments can be used for laser processing in transparent media, sustainable developments of higher throughput and lower energy consumption are always the pursuit. Here, a proof‐of‐concept approach is proposed in which cross‐scale manufacturing of 3D microstructures is realized via an ionization‐induced volume plasma grating. The volume plasma grating is generated by the noncollinear interaction of two batches of arrays of multiple filaments. The volume plasma grating cannot only regulate the distribution of multiple filamentation but also promote the intensity inside the filaments. By this approach, 3D microstructures are written by 1D sample translation. In addition, rapid fabrications of volume gratings and terahertz wire grid polarizers (THz WGPs) are demonstrated by laser modification using volume plasma grating. The characteristics of the fabricated THz WGPs are comparable to those of commercial ones. The limitations and future implementations of this approach are discussed.
Technical note: Accuracy and precision of T2 and T2* with a gradient‐echo spin‐echo (GESE) sequence for cardiac imaging
Authors: Huang Qi , Mendes Jason , Adluru Ganesh , DiBella Edward 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of a gradient echo spin echo (GESE) method to obtain rapid T2 and T2* estimation in the heart has been proposed. The effect of acquisition parameter settings on T2 and T2* bias and precision have not been investigated in depth.PurposeTo understand factors impacting the quantification of T2 and T2* values with a gradient echo spin echo (GESE) method using echo planar imaging (EPI) readouts in a reduced field of view acquisition.MethodsThe GESE method is implemented with a reduced field‐of‐view using an outer volume suppression (OVS) technique to minimize the time for multi‐echo EPI readouts. The number of EPI readouts (images) for the GESE is optimized using Cramer‐Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Monte Carlo simulations with a nonlinear least‐square (NLLS) estimator. The SNR requirements were studied using the latter simulation method for a selected range of T2 and T2* values and T2/T2* ratios. Two healthy control subjects were imaged with the proposed GESE sequence and evaluated with the NLLS estimation method. In addition, the proposed OVS method was compared with a saturation bands OVS method in one subject. Clinical T2 and T2* mappings were used as the reference.ResultsThe optimal number of EPI readouts is five and the performance is slightly better when the refocusing pulse is placed between the 2nd and 3rd readouts. The SNR requirement for achieving a target bias < 1 ms and standard deviation (SD) < 5 ms is more demanding when T2/T2* ratio increases. The minimum SNR requirement in the GESE acquisition should vary from 6 to 20 depending on specific myocardial T2 and T2* values at 3T. The T2 and T2* estimates using the proposed OVS method and the saturation bands OVS method are both similar to the reference.ConclusionThe GESE sequence with five EPI readouts is a feasible and efficient technique that can estimate T2 and T2* values in the septal myocardium within a heartbeat when the SNR requirement can be satisfied.
Thinking and exploration of the teaching mode of empirical accounting course based on the Internet of Things and deep learning
Authors: Yang Shengyi , Zhu Shaoying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical accounting is a relatively new course. It was first produced in the United States in the 1960s. After years of research and development, a relatively complete theoretical system has been formed. Empirical accounting teaching is a new content of accounting higher education in our country, which plays an important role in popularizing and improving the empirical study of accounting in our country. After investigating and analysing the empirical accounting teaching in most colleges in my country, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current status of empirical accounting teaching and discusses the optimization measures of its empirical accounting teaching mode based on the Internet of Things and deep learning. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve students' learning efficiency and teachers' teaching satisfaction.
Fluid flow and mass transport in fractured media with curved fractures and varying apertures: A 3D modeling approach
Authors: Wang Luyu , Yin Zhen‐Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFractured media have been extensively studied due to their significant impact on hydraulic properties of subsurface systems. However, accurately modeling and simulating flow and transport in complex 3D fractured media still remains a challenge. For this purpose, this work aims to develop a new 3D modeling approach and investigate flow and mass transport in fractured media. First, a modeling approach is presented for generating 3D complex structures and high quality finite element grids. This approach allows for the presence of a range of complex geometries, including curved fracture, multiple fractures and the coexistence of fracture‐inclusions. The resulting models and grids are of high quality, enabling accurate simulation and analysis of complex systems. Furthermore, stress‐dependent aperture and roughness are integrated in the computational scheme using Barton–Bandis law. The Galerkin finite element method is used for numerical discretization, then pressure and concentration are calculated in a unified formulation. Later, numerical tests are performed to analyze the role of 3D fractures in flow and mass transport. Simulation results show that fractures have a larger impact on pressure distribution and flow rate compared to inclusions. Fracture roughness increases the aperture then the effective conductivity is improved as well. Curved fractures may reduce flow rate more than planar fractures due to the tortuosity effect. The variation of equivalent permeability tensor is analyzed with varying orientation, roughness, and number of fractures. The impact of stress and fracture roughness causes a variation of fracture permeability and a high pressure gradient on the fracture‐matrix interface, resulting in different patterns of concentration evolution. Overall, this investigation provides insights into the role of 3D fractures in subsurface flow and transport, with implications for various applications.
Optimal convergence rate of the explicit Euler method for convection–diffusion equations II: High dimensional cases
Authors: Zhang Qifeng , Zhang Jiyuan , Sun Zhi‐zhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis is the second part of study on the optimal convergence rate of the explicit Euler discretization in time for the convection–diffusion equations [Zhang et al. Appl. Math. Lett. 131 (2022), 108048] which focuses on high‐dimensional linear/nonlinear cases under Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions. Several new difference schemes are proposed based on the explicit Euler discretization in temporal derivative and centered difference discretization in spatial derivatives. The priori estimate of the improved difference scheme with application to the constant convection coefficients is performed under the maximum norm and the optimal convergence rate four is achieved when the step‐ratios along each direction equal to . Also we give partial results for the three‐dimensional case. The improved difference schemes have essentially improved the CFL condition and the numerical accuracy comparing with the classical difference schemes. Numerical examples involving two‐/three‐dimensional linear/nonlinear problems under Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions such as the Fisher equation, the Chafee–Infante equation and the Burgers' equation substantiate the good properties claimed for the improved difference scheme.
Implementations of an evidence‐based assertive case management intervention for suicide attempters: Post‐ACTION‐J Study (PACS)
Authors: Ishii Takao , Yonemoto Naohiro , Otaka Yasushi , Okamura Kazuya , Tsujii Noa , Otsuka Kotaro , Yoshimura Reiji , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Fujisawa Daisuke , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Tsuyama Yusuke , Hashimoto Satoshi , Kawanishi Chiaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimAn assertive case management intervention program, ACTION‐J, proved effective for preventing suicide attempters from reattempting suicide within 6 months. The ACTION‐J randomized trial was conducted as part of the “National Strategic Research Projects.” The program has been covered by the national medical payment system of Japan since 2016. The aim of the Post‐ACTION‐J Study (PACS) was to examine the current implementation status of assertive case management in a real‐world clinical setting.MethodsPACS was a prospective, multicenter registry cohort study. The participants were suicide attempters admitted to the emergency departments of 10 participating medical facilities from October 2016 to September 2018. The assertive case management intervention developed by the ACTION‐J Study was offered to all patients, and the primary outcome was the duration and frequency of use of the intervention at 6 months.ResultsA total of 1159 patients were admitted to emergency departments after a suicide attempt during the study period, 144 of whom were included in our analysis. The proportion of participants who received the intervention for 6 months was 72.2% (104/144), and 63.9% (92/144) of the patients completed ≥7 case management interviews within 6 months.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate successful implementation of an assertive case management intervention program based on the ACTION‐J Study in a real‐world clinical setting, following its integration with the national medical payment scheme in Japan. The study provided the useful information that could improve the implementation of assertive case management interventions in future.
Observational Constraining Study of New Deceleration Parameters in FRW Universe
Authors: Bouali Amine , Chaudhary Himanshu , Mumtaz Saadia , Mustafa G. , Maurya S. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the current paper, a dark energy (DE) model reconstructed from the well‐motivated deceleration parameter (DP) is analyzed. A flat FRW Universe filled with radiation, dark matter (DM), and dark energy fluids is considered. The free parameters are constrained using measurements from Supernovae, Hubble, Gamma Ray Bursts, Quasars, and Baryon acoustic Oscillations. The model under study is found to be very supported by observation with respect to ΛCDM since . Besides, a cosmographic analysis is performed showing that the reconstructed model behaves similarly as ΛCDM does. Finally, a diagnostic analysis is performed reporting that the studied model behaves quintessence type at a late time.
Strong PD‐L1 expression in granulomatous prostatitis
Authors: Dikov Dorian , Koleva Maria , Mollova Angelina , Fakirova Albena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of programmed cell death ligand protein (PD‐L1) is weakly investigated in non‐tumoral and inflammatory prostatic pathology. The diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis (GP) rests on the recognition of localized or diffuse epithelioid granulomatous inflammation in prostatic tissue which is frequently difficult by conventional histological observation alone. PD‐L1 expression in GP is not well studied so far.MethodsWe studied PD‐L1 expression in 17 GP cases (9 nonspecific GP, 5 Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin induced prostatitis, 1 prostatic tuberculosis, and 3 cases of postsurgical prostatic granulomas). The control group included 10 radical prostatectomies of patients with high Gleason score prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and National Institutes of Health‐category IV prostatitis (high‐grade histologic prostatitis; HG‐HP).ResultsAll of the GP cases showed easily visible strong membranous PD‐L1 expression (high levels of combined positive score) in localized and diffuse epithelioid granulomatous prostatic inflammation. None of the control cases showed the presence of significant PD‐L1 expression in inflammatory infiltrates in HG‐HP, tumor parenchyma, and stroma in PCa.ConclusionsThe study presents the first attempt to examine PD‐L1 expression in GP. Granulomatous inflammation in GP is easily identified when stained with PD‐L1.