bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparity between adolescents’ health information needs and the information received in a middle-income country
Authors: Harrison Abigail , Tyrill Claudine , Cousins Shanita , Rocke Kern , Gossell-Williams Maxine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study sought to identify adolescents’ health information sources and determine the gap between what adolescents want to hear and what they actually hear from their healthcare providers (HCPs), a proxy for unmet health needs.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in four high schools conveniently selected in Jamaica to ensure adequate representation in rural and urban locales. Adolescents 11–19 years old with relevant assent/consent completed a paper-based self-administered questionnaire. Questions were adapted from the Young Adult Health Care Survey to determine proportion of adolescents receiving confidential care, the level of counselling offered and difference between location and unmet needs.ResultsAdolescents acknowledged multiple sources of information, with urban adolescents reporting television, radio and parents as sources more frequently than in rural setting (p &lt; 0.05). They most commonly wanted to discuss weight management (n = 308, 64.2%), nutrition (n = 418, 87.1%), exercise (n = 361, 75.2%); and emotions they are experiencing (n = 246, 51.3%). Unmet needs differed by location; more rural than urban adolescents found that their desire to discuss school performance (p &lt; 0.05) and sexual orientation (p &lt; 0.05) was unmet, while more urban youth felt their need for discussions about STIs was unmet (p &lt; 0.05), when compared to their rural counterparts.ConclusionThis study highlights that while there is some access to health information in Jamaica, especially via television, radio and internet, the needs of the adolescent population remain unmet. HCPs need to employ a patient-centred approach where confidentiality is established and screening is done for unmet needs in an effort to optimize health outcomes.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Combined Silver Nitrate Coagulation and Shave Excision With Surgical Excision and Linear Closure in the Treatment of Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Çelik Murat , Kara Murat , Özdemir Aydın Görkem , Kocer Ugur , Çaydere Muzaffer 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common benign vascular neoplasia. Optimal treatment should have an aesthetically pleasant scar and a low recurrence rate. No treatment method that is fully effective in solving these has been demonstrated. Silver nitrate cauterization is another method for the management of PG lesions.

OBJECTIVE
The effects of silver nitrate on the treatment of PG have not been sufficiently investigated and should be investigated with objective data and a controlled study.

METHODS
The prospective clinical trial was designed to compare silver nitrate cauterization with surgical excision treatment. Procedure times and procedure costs, comfort and satisfaction scales, recurrences, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Score, and the Vancouver Scar Scale were compared to evaluate treatments.

RESULTS
Silver nitrate treatment had lower procedure times, costs, and better satisfaction and comfort scale scores. The scar assessment scores were better for the silver nitrate treatment. The patients in both groups were successfully treated and no recurrence was seen.

CONCLUSION
Silver nitrate cauterization is low-cost, fast, safe, reliable, and effective with good aesthetic results for the treatment of PG lesions. This study shows that silver nitrate cauterization is a good alternative to surgical excision in the management of PG.
Functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: An Le , Qi Zhijiang , Shao Huan , Li Chunsheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a terminal event that results in a range of pathophysiological changes in the body, most notably, systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is an important neuroendocrine system that modulates adrenocortical hormone release. This study was designed to investigate the changes in HPA-related hormone levels after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to explore possible etiologies to provide a basis for relevant clinical research.

Methods
We collected the clinical data of 96 patients with CA admitted to the Emergency Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2016 and May 2017. Serum samples were collected 6, 24, and 72 hours after restoring spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The data were compared with those of the healthy control group (n = 50). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure copeptin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and total cortisol. Demographic data were collected for both groups. For the CPR group, clinical data and the end-of-study cerebral performance category (CPC) were analyzed. Patients were followed up through day 28. Death or survival after day 28 was used as the study endpoint. Simple values were expressed as medians and quartiles or ratios (%) for statistical analysis. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The mean values of normally distributed measurement data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for among-group comparisons and the least significant difference (LSD) test for between-group comparisons. SPSS v17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
No significant between-group differences were observed in terms of age or sex. The 28-day mortality rate in the CPR group was 71%. ACTH and CRH levels were significantly lower in the CPR group than in the healthy control group (P < 0.001). Copeptin and cortisol levels 6 hours after ROSC were significantly higher in the CPR group than in the healthy control group (P < 0.001). No significant changes in any indicator were observed over time (6, 24, and 72 hours after ROSC) (P > 0.05). The CPC score was 1–2 (good cerebral performance group) in 13 patients, 3–4 (poor cerebral performance group) in 17 patients, and 5 (brain death or clinical death) in 66 patients. Patients with significantly declining ACTH and CRH levels had higher CPC scores (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were found in other indicators (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
After post-CA ROSC, ischemia-reperfusion injury may cause brain damage and HPA axis damage and dysfunction, the severity of which is associated with CPC score.
Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Distress in SCAD and Non-SCAD AMI Patients
Authors: Murphy Barbara M. , Rogerson Michelle C. , Hesselson Stephanie , Iismaa Siiri E. , Hoover Valerie , Le Grande Michael , Graham Robert M. , Jackson Alun C. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly in younger women without classic cardiac risk factors. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is considered to be particularly stressful; however, few studies have quantified SCAD survivor stress levels. This study compared anxiety, depression, and distress levels in SCAD and non-SCAD AMI patients.

Method:
A sample of 162 AMI (35 [22%] SCAD) patients was recruited from hospitals and via social media, in Australia and the United States. All had had their AMI in the past 6 mo. Participants completed an online questionnaire comprising the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD2), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ2), Kessler-6 (K6), and Cardiac Distress Inventory (CDI). T-tests, χ2 tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and analysis of covariance were used to compare SCAD and non-SCAD samples. Logistic regression was used to identify the unique predictors of anxiety, depression, and distress, controlling for relevant confounders.

Results:
Patients with SCAD were more commonly female and significantly younger than non-SCAD patients. Patients with SCAD scored significantly higher on the GAD2, PHQ2, K6, and CDI and a significantly larger proportion was classified as anxious, depressed, or distressed using these instruments. In logistic regression, together with mental health history, having had a SCAD-AMI predicted anxiety, depression, and distress, after controlling for female sex, younger age, and other confounding variables.

Conclusion:
This study supports the view that anxiety, depression, and distress are more common after SCAD-AMI than after traditional AMI. These findings highlight the psychosocial impacts of SCAD and suggest that psychological support should be an important component of cardiac rehabilitation for these patients.
COMBINED RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Tsui Jonathan C. , Brucker Alexander J. , Kim Benjamin J. , Kolomeyer Anton M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To review the literature on eyes with concurrent rhegmatogenous retinal and choroidal detachment (RRD-CD).

Methods:
Several databases were searched for “rhegmatogenous retinal detachment” and “choroidal detachment” through October 2022. All English language primary literature was reviewed.

Results:
Studies demonstrated that eyes with RRD-CD were very uncommon and had diminished baseline visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with eyes with RRD only. Although no randomized trials have been performed, pars plana vitrectomy with or without scleral buckle (SB) have reported higher surgical success rates than SB alone. Reattachment rates were affected by age, IOP, adjuvant steroids, and grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Conclusion:
Low IOP and poor initial VA are salient features of eyes with RRD-CD. Steroids can be useful adjuvants administered safely using several routes including periocular and intravitreal injection. PPV ± SB may result in best surgical outcomes.
Telehealth and Medicare Type 2 Diabetes Care Outcomes
Authors: Walker Brigham , Stoecker Charles , Shao Yixue , Nauman Elizabeth , Fort Daniel , Shi Lizheng 
Published: March 2023

Background:
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services broadened access to telehealth. This provided an opportunity to test whether diabetes, a risk factor for COVID-19 severity, can be managed with telehealth services.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of telehealth on diabetes control.

Research Design:
A doubly robust estimator combined a propensity score–weighting strategy with regression controls for baseline characteristics using electronic medical records data to compare outcomes in patients with and without telehealth care. Matching on preperiod trajectories in outpatient visits and weighting by odds were used to ensure comparability between comparators.

Subjects:
Medicare patients with type 2 diabetes in Louisiana between March 2018 and February 2021 (9530 patients with a COVID-19 era telehealth visit and 20,666 patients without one).

Measures:
Primary outcomes were glycemic levels and control [ie, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) under 7%]. Secondary outcomes included alternative HbA1c measures, emergency department visits, and inpatient admissions.

Results:
Telehealth was associated with lower pandemic era mean A1c values [estimate=−0.080%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.111% to −0.048%], which translated to an increased likelihood of having HbA1c in control (estimate=0.013; 95% CI: 0.002–0.024; P<0.023). Hispanic telehealth users had relatively higher COVID-19 era HbA1c levels (estimate=0.125; 95% CI: 0.044–0.205; P<0.003). Telehealth was not associated with differences in the likelihood of having an emergency department visits (estimate=−0.003; 95% CI: −0.011 to 0.004; P<0.351) but was associated with more the likelihood of having an inpatient admission (estimate=0.024; 95% CI: 0.018–0.031; P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Telehealth use among Medicare patients with type 2 diabetes in Louisiana stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with relatively improved glycemic control.
Developing an Adjunct Services Approach to Identify the Use of Procedures Not Covered by Health Insurance
Authors: Hirth Richard A. , Levinson Zachary M. , Blattner Neha Buch , Dalton Vanessa K. , Kelley Angela S. , Lanham Michael , Manning Marsha , Norton Edward C. , Levy Helen G. , Dupree James M. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Health care claims have an inherent limitation in that noncovered services are unreported. This limitation is particularly problematic when researchers wish to study the effects of changes in the insurance coverage of a service. In prior work, we studied the change in the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after an employer added coverage. To estimate IVF use before coverage began, we developed and tested an Adjunct Services Approach that identified patterns of covered services cooccurring with IVF.

Methods:
Based on clinical expertise and guidelines, we developed a list of candidate adjunct services and used claims data after IVF coverage began to assess associations of those codes with known IVF cycles and whether any additional codes were also strongly associated with IVF. The algorithm was validated by primary chart review and was then used to infer IVF in the precoverage period.

Results:
The selected algorithm included pelvic ultrasounds and either menotropin or ganirelix, yielding a sensitivity of 93.0% and specificity of >99.9%.

Discussion:
The Adjunct Services Approach effectively assessed the change in IVF use postinsurance coverage. Our approach can be adapted to study IVF in other settings or to study other medical services experiencing coverage changes (eg, fertility preservation, bariatric surgery, and sex confirmation surgery). Overall, we find that an Adjunct Services Approach can be useful when (1) clinical pathways exist to define services delivered adjunct to the noncovered service, (2) those pathways are followed for most patients receiving the service, and (3) similar patterns of adjunct services occur infrequently with other procedures.
Did Access to Ambulatory Care Moderate the Associations Between Visit Mode and Ancillary Services Utilization Across the COVID-19 Pandemic Period?
Authors: Roblin Douglas W. , Goodrich Glenn K. , Davis Teaniese L. , Gander Jennifer C. , McCracken Courtney E. , Weinfield Nancy S. , Ritzwoller Debra P. 
Published: March 2023

Background/Objective:
In recent years, 2 circumstances changed provider-patient interactions in primary care: the substitution of virtual (eg, video) for in-person visits and the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied whether access to care might affect patient fulfillment of ancillary services orders for ambulatory diagnosis and management of incident neck or back pain (NBP) and incident urinary tract infection (UTI) for virtual versus in-person visits.

Methods:
Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 3 Kaiser Permanente Regions to identify incident NBP and UTI visits from January 2016 through June 2021. Visit modes were classified as virtual (Internet-mediated synchronous chats, telephone visits, or video visits) or in-person. Periods were classified as prepandemic [before the beginning of the national emergency (April 2020)] or recovery (after June 2020). Percentages of patient fulfillment of ancillary services orders were measured for 5 service classes each for NBP and UTI. Differences in percentages of fulfillments were compared between modes within periods and between periods within the mode to assess the possible impact of 3 moderators: distance from residence to primary care clinic, high deductible health plan (HDHP) enrollment, and prior use of a mail-order pharmacy program.

Results:
For diagnostic radiology, laboratory, and pharmacy services, percentages of fulfilled orders were generally >70–80%. Given an incident NBP or UTI visit, longer distance to the clinic and higher cost-sharing due to HDHP enrollment did not significantly suppress patients’ fulfillment of ancillary services orders. Prior use of mail-order prescriptions significantly promoted medication order fulfillments on virtual NBP visits compared with in-person NBP visits in the prepandemic period (5.9% vs. 2.0%, P=0.01) and in the recovery period (5.2% vs. 1.6%, P=0.02).

Conclusions:
Distance to the clinic or HDHP enrollment had minimal impact on the fulfillment of diagnostic or prescribed medication services associated with incident NBP or UTI visits delivered virtually or in-person; however, prior use of mail-order pharmacy option promoted fulfillment of prescribed medication orders associated with NBP visits.
A smart modern construction enterprise maturity model for business scenarios leading to Industry 4.0
Authors: Das Priyadarshini , Perera Srinath , Senaratne Sepani , Osei-Kyei Robert 
Published: March 2023

PurposeIndustry 4.0 is characterised by systemic transformations occurring exponentially, encompassing an array of dynamic processes and technologies. To move towards a more sustainable future, it is important to understand the nature of this transformation. However, construction enterprises are experiencing a capacity shortage in identifying the transitional management steps needed to navigate Industry 4.0 better. This paper presents a maturity model with the acronym “Smart Modern Construction Enterprise Maturity Model (SMCeMM)” that provides direction to construction enterprises.Design/methodology/approachIt adopts an iterative procedure to develop the maturity model. The attributes of Industry 4.0 maturity are obtained through a critical literature review. The model is further developed through knowledge elicitation using modified Delphi-based expert forums and subsequent analysis through qualitative techniques. The conceptual validity of the model is established through a validation expert forum.FindingsThe research defines maturity characteristics of construction enterprises across five levels namely ad-hoc, driven, transforming, integrated and innovative encompassing seven process categories; data management, people and culture, leadership and strategy, automation, collaboration and communication, change management and innovation. The maturity characteristics are then translated into assessment criteria which can be used to assess how mature a construction enterprise is in navigating Industry 4.0.Originality/valueThe results advance the field of Industry 4.0 strategy research in construction. The findings can be used to access Industry 4.0 maturity of general contractors of varying sizes and scales and generate a set of recommendations to support their macroscopic strategic planning.
The potential value of thallium‐201 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma arising from extensive pyoderma
Authors: Namiki Takeshi , Makiguchi Moe , Wada Shogo , Al‐Busani Hind , Nishida Makiko , Ugajin Tsukasa , Miura Keiko , Yokoyama Kota , Okiyama Naoko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arises from a variety of premalignant conditions, including pyoderma. However, an accurate diagnosis of SCC is sometimes challenging due to indistinguishable inflammatory lesions. Here, we present a case of SCC arising from extensive pyoderma, which was successfully diagnosed by taking advantage of thallium‐201 scintigraphy. A 49‐year‐old man presented with an elevated tumor on his right buttock. Computed tomography (CT) and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified the tumor, but many indistinguishable lesions were also found around the tumor. Histopathology revealed an atypical proliferation of keratinocytes with cancer pearls inside the tumor nests, while histopathology of nodules around the tumor revealed inflammatory tissues. Positron emission tomography CT (PET/CT) revealed an accumulation of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]‐D‐glucose at the axillae and inguinal nodes, and at subcutaneous tissues in addition to the tumor. From the CT, enhanced MRI, and PET/CT analyses it was impossible to differentiate many scattered subcutaneous nodules on the trunk from SCCs. However, thallium‐201 scintigraphy identified only the tumor and found no accumulation in other nodules. This finding suggests that thallium‐201 scintigraphy is useful for the diagnosis of SCC by excluding false‐positive signals detected by other imaging technologies.
Plasticity and repeatability in spring migration and parturition dates with implications for annual reproductive success
Authors: Laforge Michel P. , Webber Quinn M. R. , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In seasonal environments, animals should be adapted to match important life‐history traits to when environmental conditions are optimal. Most animal populations therefore reproduce when resource abundance is highest to increase annual reproductive success. When facing variable, and changing, environments animals can display behavioural plasticity to acclimate to changing conditions. Behaviours can further be repeatable. For example, timing of behaviours and life history traits such as timing of reproduction may indicate phenotypic variation. Such variation may buffer animal populations against the consequences of variation and change.

Our goal was to quantify plasticity and repeatability in migration and parturition timing in response to timing of snowmelt and green‐up in a migratory herbivore (caribou, Rangifer tarandus, n = 132 ID‐years) and their effect on reproductive success.

We used behavioural reaction norms to quantify repeatability in timing of migration and timing of parturition in caribou and their plasticity to timing of spring events, while also quantifying phenotypic covariance between behavioural and life‐history traits.

Timing of migration for individual caribou was positively correlated with timing of snowmelt. The timing of parturition for individual caribou varied as a function of inter‐annual variation in timing of snowmelt and green‐up. Repeatability for migration timing was moderate, but low for timing of parturition. Plasticity did not affect reproductive success. We also did not detect any evidence of phenotypic covariance among any traits examined—timing of migration was not correlated with timing of parturition, and neither was there a correlation in the plasticity of these traits.

Repeatability in migration timing suggests the possibility that the timing of migration in migratory herbivores could evolve if the repeatability detected in this study has a genetic or otherwise heritable basis, but observed plasticity may obviate the need for an evolutionary response. Our results also suggest that observed shifts in caribou parturition timing are due to plasticity as opposed to an evolutionary response to changing conditions. While this provides some evidence that populations may be buffered from the consequences of climate change via plasticity, a lack of repeatability in parturition timing could impede adaptation as warming increases.