bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Sedentary Young Individuals
Authors: Huang Jinglin , Leng Lu , Hu Min , Cui Xuyan , Yan Xu , Liu Ziqing , Wang Kangle , Wu Jiarui , He Shan , Deng Weiji , Li Peilun , Chen Yilin , Gao Dongdong , Wei Yuan , Huang Junhao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The present study aimed to compare the impacts of different exercise types on cardiovascular health and executive function in sedentary young individuals, and to determine the associations between cardiovascular function and executive function (EF) after exercise.

Methods
Sixty-three sedentary participants were randomly divided into high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance exercise (RE), and control groups. Macro- and microvascular endothelial function were assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and fingertip reactive hyperemia index, respectively. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and augmentation index. EF performance was evaluated using the Stroop and N-back tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure cortical activation and real-time oxyhemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) changes in different cerebral regions. Key circulating biomarkers for vascular and cognitive function, including BDNF, irisin, VEGF, IGF-1, and TNF-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
Eight weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved macro- and microvascular endothelial function while reducing arterial stiffness in sedentary young individuals. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in BDNF level was correlated with enhanced macrovascular endothelial function, while increase in IGF-1 level was associated with enhanced microvascular endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness. Notably, both HIIT and MICT, but not RE, efficiently enhanced Oxy-Hb level in certain brain regions, such as the FPA and DLPFC, leading to the improvement in EF performance. Exercise-induced increase in Oxy-Hb level and EF performance were correlated with enhanced BDNF level and endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that 8 weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved endothelial function in both macro- and microvessels, and arterial stiffness among sedentary young individuals. However, HIIT and MICT, but not RE, notably increased blood oxygen level in the FPA and DLPFC brain regions and improved EF performance. Due to the efficiency and time-saving features of HIIT, the present study highlights HIIT as an effective exercise prescription for promoting vascular and EF in sedentary young individuals. Importantly, the observed improvements in cardiovascular function following exercise training is pivotal in improving EF, and elevated circulating levels of biomarkers like BDNF and IGF-1, induced by exercise, are involved in the regulatory mechanisms.
Assessment of the occurrence of postural abnormalities in children aged 10-12 practicing various sports disciplines
Authors: Balińska Dagna , Ożóg Piotr , Weber-Rajek Magdalena , Radzimińska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2025

Background: The increase in the prevalence of children with poor posture might be a result of decreased physical activity due to a sedentary lifestyle. Observing body posture is a crucial component of a physical examination. The examination can be performed objectively, for instance, with the aid of specific instruments, or subjectively, through visual inspection of the alignment of individual body parts in relation to one another. Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the occurrence of postural abnormalities in children aged 10-12 who are physically active and practice various types of sports.Methods: The study group comprised 47 children aged 10–12 who were physically active and engaged in various sports activities. Participants have been visually examined based on a postural deficit chart derived from Kasperczyk’s criteria. Results: Our research showed that volleyball had the highest percentage of postural abnormalities, accounting for 33% of all postural irregularities in this group, while the lowest percentage was observed in children who practiced swimming, at 7%. Conclusion: Physical activity may have an impact on the occurrence of postural defects in early school children. Further research is needed to expand our findings to include the outcomes of objective posture assessment methods.
Development of a physiotherapist-led soft tissue trauma clinic: a quality improvement pilot study
Authors: Kelly Debbie , Read Andrew , Jones Robert , Jones Ian , Linnell Lynsey , Fielder Daniel , Bokota Heather 
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims Musculoskeletal disorders account for half of all attendances in emergency departments, with large volumes of patients being referred to fracture clinics. This project implemented a 3-month pilot of an advanced practice physiotherapist-led soft tissue trauma clinic, to see 80% of all patients referred from the virtual fracture clinic for knee and shoulder soft tissue trauma. Methods A quality improvement approach was used to set up the clinics and monitor changes made throughout the process using plan-do-study-act cycles. Data were collected from the pilot clinic on outcomes such as onwards referrals, imaging requests and costs. Data from a previous service evaluation of the fracture clinic were used for comparison. A patient satisfaction questionnaire, including the VSQ-9, was distributed to patients at the pilot clinic and fracture clinic, with mean scores compared using descriptive statistics. Results During the 3-month pilot, 89.4% (101/113) of patients with knee or shoulder soft tissue injuries were referred to the pilot clinic, of whom only 13.8% required a consultant review. A higher proportion of patients at the soft tissue trauma clinic could be discharged after their first appointment compared to before the pilot (64.3% vs 19.6%) and patient satisfaction scores remained high. Conclusions This pilot clinic showed the benefits of standardising patient care pathways. It has since been extended for a further 1 year and expanded to include foot and ankle soft tissue trauma.
Clinical Efficacy of Pidotimod-Assisted Erythromycin in Treating Lobar Pneumonia in Children Over 3 Years Old
Authors: Ke Jie , Tu Xiqing 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Background Lobar pneumonia is an acute inflammation with increasing incidence globally. Delayed treatment can lead to severe complications, posing life-threatening risks. Thus, it is crucial to determine effective treatment methods to improve the prognosis of children with lobar pneumonia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of pidotimod-assisted erythromycin in treating lobar pneumonia in children over 3 years old. Methods This study included 108 children with lobar pneumonia admitted to the Huoqiu First People's Hospital, China, between March 2021 and March 2024. However, 6 children (4 cases with missing clinical data, 1 with autoimmune disease, and 1 with asthma) who did not meet the predetermined inclusion criteria were excluded. Based on the treatment methods, the children were divided into a control group (n = 52, children receiving erythromycin treatment) and an observation group (n = 50, children receiving pidotimod-assisted erythromycin treatment). Furthermore, the clinical efficacy, clinical signs, resolution time of symptoms, cellular immune function, and incidence of adverse reactions were retrospectively evaluated. Results The control group exhibited significantly lower treatment efficiency than the observation group (80.77% vs 94.00%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the observation group showed better alleviating fever, cough, tachypnea, and pulmonary moist rales (p < 0.001). The CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were comparable in both groups before treatment (p > 0.05). However, 7 days after treatment, the CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels increased significantly in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Pidotimod-assisted erythromycin treatment can significantly improve the treatment efficiency in children with lobar pneumonia, improving clinical signs and symptoms and enhancing the cellular immune function without increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions.
Development of Indigenous Language Orthographies: Setting Up English as the Torch Bearer
Authors: Matavire Juniel Shoko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The argument that Indigenous languages require revitalisation through more pronounced roles across the fabric of society remain a social justice and affirmative action issue since 1994. The need for language development remains a remnant of the liberation project that commenced with the dawn of freedom in 1994. While political freedom and other liberties were obtained, Indigenous languages remained under the chokehold of English and Afrikaans. Arguments have pointed to a lack of zeal on the part of the government of South Africa to deliberately promote, develop and intellectualise Indigenous languages, but the element of strategy for implementation appears to have been forgotten in the tracks. What has remained unclear are the strategies to develop and intellectualise Indigenous languages. Such strategies have to accommodate the multilateral issues of social, economic, cultural, racial and linguistic diversity in the country. What appears fuzzy is the role that international, developed and economically strong languages such as English have in this endeavor. From an orthographic depth hypothesis point of view, this literature paper posits that Indigenous languages stand to gain extensively from a terminological, lexical and pragmatic association with multinational languages. A deliberate approach is required to understand the trajectories followed by already developed languages and the lessons that can be drawn from them in implementing standardization and revitalisation of Indigenous languages. Such torch bearer role of English can assist in harnessing the benefits that extend to advancing the national thrust towards inclusivity in diversity and meeting constitutional obligations in parity of esteem.
The Economic Pyramid of Unequal Exchange within the European Union
Authors: Economakis George , Markaki Maria Socrates 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, the “mechanism” of unequal exchange, on the basis of Marx’s analysis and Emmanuel’s seminal contribution to the issue, is investigated. According to the analysis, the deeper cause of unequal exchange lies in the established differences in the labor skills between more and less advanced countries. The analysis reveals that behind the Ricardian “comparative advantage,” unequal exchange is hidden at the expense of the less advanced countries of lower wages. On the basis of the theoretical framework of the study, an empirical investigation of unequal exchange within the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27) is developed. According to the findings of this study, there is an economic pyramid of value extraction (unequal exchange) within the EU27. At the top of this, there are countries that extract value from other EU27 countries in the context of intra-EU27 trade and at the same time exhibit monetary surpluses in their trade balance. At the bottom of the economic pyramid, there are countries that experience value extraction from other EU27 countries in the context of intra-EU27 trade while they may run monetary surpluses or deficits in their trade balance.
Authenticating Neoliberalism: Korean Official Development Assistance in Uganda and the East African Region
Authors: Musasizi Joseph , Watson Iain 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neoliberalism—in the form of privatization, deregulation, and the creation of new spatial zones and legal arrangements of land ownership—is promoted by the state to ensure an investment climate for capital accumulation. Neoliberalism uniquely combines economic deregulation and state rollback with the rollout of state strategies that ensure surplus and rentier extraction. Foreign aid has typically been regarded as a means of ensuring economic growth and development provided by the donor state. Recently, there has been an interest in the role of the private sector in development studies. Korean foreign aid, based on the new village movement development model now being used in Uganda, represents a new phase of neoliberalism in Uganda and East Africa. The new village movement is a state-driven attempt to create new neoliberal subjects and identities to prepare for future neoliberal capital accumulation in a middle-income context. Aid-recipient states such as Uganda are using Korean official development assistance to legitimate a specific rollout of neoliberal state regulations. This marks a shift from the previous disciplinary neoliberalism to the preparation of selected populations as marketable neoliberal subjects under the guise of authentic culture, resilience, and productivity.
Effect of health education in the control of schistosomiasis in Dass Emirate Council of Bauchi State, Nigeria: An intervention study
Authors: Adeyemo Sunday Charles , Oyedeji Gbadebo Jimoh , Atolagbe James , Opeyemi Oladunni , Olarewaju Sunday , Akinleye Calistus , Olagunju Funso , Olabode Eniola Dorcas , Maleka Abdulwaris Salisu 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Schistosomiasis has been recognized by WHO as a major contributor to mortality and morbidity, particularly in Sub-Sahara Africa, where it is most prevalent. There is a lack of reliable data on the effectiveness of health education interventions in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Bauchi State. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence of schistosomiasis and the knowledge, attitude and practices of community members of Dass Emirate towards the prevention and control of schistosomiasis before and after health education intervention.

Results
At pre-intervention, the majority of the respondents 234 (66.9%) have been diagnosed, or have family members or community members who have been diagnosed with schistosomiasis. Ninety-six (27.5%) of respondents have good knowledge about schistosomiasis. 79 (22.6%) of the respondents strongly agree that they can confidently recognize symptoms of schistosomiasis. Only 91 (26.0%) strongly agreed to taking responsibilities for taking preventive measures. At post-intervention, the prevalence of schistosomiasis dropped to 55.1%. This was statistically significant at p = 0.043 using McNemar’s test as a test of significance. Knowledge about schistosomiasis increased from 27.5% to 87.0% at post-intervention. This was statistically significant at p <0.05. Regarding attitudes and practices, good attitudes and practices increased from 59.1% at pre-intervention 71.0% at post-intervention. However, this was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Health education and education level of respondents were predictors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices scores.
Effects of body weight-supported Tai Chi Yunshou training on upper limb motor function in stroke patients: A three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Liying , Yu Xiaoming , Liao Wangsheng , Wang Jiening , Lu Yan , Wang Naizhen , Huanxia Zhou 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
To form a unique body weight support-Tai Chi Yunshou (BWS-TCY) training method, apply it to the treatment of upper limb dysfunction after stroke, and provide a new safe and effective treatment method for the clinic.

Methods
A total of 93 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into conventional rehabilitation treatment (CRT) group, BWS-TCY group and traditional robot-assisted training (RAT) group in equal proportions. Subjects in the CRT group received 60 minutes of CRT daily. Subjects in the BWS-TCY group received 30 minutes of CRT and 30 minutes of BWS-TCY. Subjects in the RAT group received 30 minutes of CRT and 30 minutes of RAT. All interventions were conducted 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Outcome assessments included the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Function Assessment (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), absolute angular error (AAE), joint range of motion (JMA), modified Barthel Index (MBI), and stroke-related quality of life. Table (SS-QOL). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks later, and statistical analyzes were performed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results
After 12 weeks of intervention, significant improvements were observed in all evaluation indicators for the three groups of subjects compared to before the intervention. The upper limb motor function (FMA-UE and WMFT) and proprioception (AAE) showed time effects, time × group interaction effects, and group effects. When comparing the groups, the FMA-UE in the BWS-TCY group, as well as the WMFT and MBI, showed statistically significant differences compared to the CRT group (P<0.05), but not statistically significant compared to the RAT group (P>0.05). The AAE of the BWS-TCY group showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) when compared to the CRT group and RAT group. Furthermore, a time effect was observed on the rotation direction (P<0.05), and pairwise comparison between groups revealed that the BWS-TCY group performed better than both the CRT group and the RAT group. After 12 weeks of intervention, there were time effects and interaction effects between BWS-TCY and daily living activities (MBI) and quality of life (SS-QOL), but no group effect was observed. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in SS-QOL. However, there was a statistical difference (P<0.01) in MBI between the two groups.

Conclusions
The 12-week BWS-TCY intervention has been shown to effectively improve upper limb motor function.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered at chictr.org.cn on August 31, 2022 [ChiCTR2200063150] https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=176229.
Exploring the perceptions of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being and medical education of medical students in Northern Ireland, in addition to the perceived barriers to seeking support; a qualitative study
Authors: Whiteside Claire , Klabbers Gonnie 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on population mental health. Medical students may have been particularly affected, whom prevalence of mental health conditions was already high before the pandemic hit, due to the difficult and stressful academic programme. In Northern Ireland specifically, mental well-being levels are the lowest across the UK; however limited research exists examining the medical student cohort. This study explores Northern Irish medical students’ perceptions on how the pandemic affected their mental health, their progress within medical education and perceived barriers to accessing support services in Northern Ireland.

Methods
A qualitative study of phenomenological design involving 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted amongst individuals who were 1st-4th year medical students when the pandemic was officially declared in Northern Ireland in March 2020. The interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out using NVivo V12 qualitative data analysis software.

Results
Results demonstrated the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable negative impact on participants’ mental health; a variety of interlinked social, individual and/or psychological and organisational factors led to increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression. This had a secondary negative impact on participants’ medical education progress through reducing motivation, causing burnout and impostor syndrome. Unexpectedly; there were some perceived positive outcomes, including improved appreciation for work-life balance and resilience. Participants reported various barriers to seeking help amongst this difficult time period; also categorizable into social, individual and/or psychological and organisational factors, for example; stigmatisation, fear and perfectionistic tendencies.

Discussion and conclusion
There is a pressing demand for heightened support availability, personally tailored mental health assistance and an effort to reduce mental health stigma in Northern Ireland. This study highlights the complex multifactorial nature of mental health. Medical schools must provide additional services to protect well-being during particularly challenging periods and dismantle the barriers preventing individuals from accessing vital support.
Recurrent Bacteremia and Cholangitis From Eroded Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Coil Into the Common Hepatic Duct: A Rare Indication for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Wang Mark C. , Bui Aileen , Tintara Supisara , Etesami Kambiz , Kim Brian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Liver transplant may be necessary to manage infectious complications from severe structural biliary disease. In this report, we describe a 71-year-old woman with history of coil-embolized hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm who subsequently developed biliary obstruction resulting from coil erosion into the common hepatic duct. Resultant complications included recurrent cholangitis, bacteremia, and numerous hepatic abscesses. Because of lack of improvement with medical management, the patient underwent liver transplantation and coil removal as the definitive treatment modality. Altogether, this report explores a unique case of liver transplantation as source control for a patient with an active disseminated infection.
Lumbar spondylolysis: tactical approaches, indications and types of surgical interventions, treatment results. A systematic review
Authors: Evsyukov A. V. , Prudnikova O. G. , Matveev E. A. , Strebkova M. S. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To analyze the literature data on treatment tactics for patients with spondylolysis of the lumbar vertebrae, and to determine indications for surgical treatment, types of surgical interventions, criteria for assessing treatment results, complications and rehabilitation after treatment.Material and Methods. Full text articles were selected from the Pubmed, EMBASE, eLibrary, Google and Yandex databases. The type of articles was a systematic review and meta-analysis, and the search period was 10 years. The literature search was carried out by three researchers. The study was conducted in accordance with the international PRISMA guidelines for writing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The levels of evidence reliability and gradation of strength of recommendations were assessed according to the ASCO protocol.Results. A total of 6812 articles on the topic under consideration were found, of them 4922 articles with full text, 2155 over the past 10 years, 115 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Conclusion. Indications for surgical treatment of spondylolysis are the failure of conservative treatment for 6 months, worsening of clinical symptoms, and development of spondylolisthesis. The goal of the surgery is bone fusion formation at the level of the defect, restoration of spinal stability and preservation of mobility of the corresponding segment. Surgical treatment methods for spondylolysis using transpedicular screws and a beam (Gillet) showed a higher fusion result than the Scott and Morscher methods. Minimally invasive methods (Buck method and its modifications) provide better functional results. The highest complication rate is observed in surgical interventions using the Scott method (wire rupture, transverse process fracture, lack of fusion) and those using the Morscher method (superficial infection, instability of implants and persistent back pain). The choice of surgical method should be based on the surgeon’s preferences and experience.