bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus RNA decline without concomitant viral antigen decrease is associated with a low probability of sustained response and hepatitis B surface antigen loss
Authors: Brakenhoff Sylvia M. , de Man Robert A. , Boonstra André , van Campenhout Margo J. H. , de Knegt Robert J. , van Bömmel Florian , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Berg Thomas , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Sonneveld Milan J. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA may reflect intrahepatic HBV replication. Novel anti‐viral drugs have shown potent HBV RNA decline without concomitant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) decrease. How this relates to off‐treatment response is yet unclear.AimTo study the degree of on‐treatment viral antigen decline among patients with pronounced HBV RNA decrease in relation to off‐treatment sustained response and HBsAg loss.MethodsHBV RNA, HBsAg and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) were quantified in patients with chronic hepatitis B who participated in two randomised controlled trials of peginterferon‐based therapy. Sustained response (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL) and/or HBsAg loss were assessed in patients with and without on‐treatment HBV RNA response (either >2 log HBV RNA decline or >1 log decline resulting in an undetectable value at on‐treatment week 24), stratified by concomitant HBsAg decline (<0.5/0.5‐1/>1 log).ResultsWe enrolled 279 patients; 176 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive, and 103 were HBeAg‐negative. Sustained response was achieved in 20.4% of patients. At on‐treatment week 24, HBV RNA response was associated with higher sustained response rates (27.4% vs 13.0% in non‐responders, P = 0.004). However, among patients with an HBV RNA response (n = 135), 56.4% did not experience >0.5 log HBsAg decline. Among HBV RNA responders, sustained response was achieved in 47.6% of those with >1 log HBsAg decline (n = 20/42), vs 16.0% with <0.5 log decline (n = 12/75, P = 0.001). Similar results were obtained with HBcrAg and when response was defined as HBsAg loss.ConclusionsIn this cohort, many patients with HBV RNA response during peginterferon‐based treatment did not experience HBsAg and/or HBcrAg decline. The absence of concomitant decline in these viral antigens was associated with low rates of treatment response and HBsAg loss. Future trials should therefore consider kinetics of combined biomarkers to assess anti‐viral efficacy.Trial registration, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00114361, NCT00146705.
Editorial: missed opportunities to detect colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease—getting to the root
Authors: Mahmoud Remi , Itzkowitz Steven H. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Gordon et al and Chee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16215
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the effects of immunomodulator or biological withdrawal from mono‐ or combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dohos Dóra , Hanák Lilla , Szakács Zsolt , Kiss Szabolcs , Párniczky Andrea , Erőss Bálint , Pázmány Piroska , Hegyi Péter , Sarlós Patrícia 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundWithdrawal of treatment is a common therapeutic problem in patients with long‐standing remission of inflammatory bowel disease.AimsTo evaluate the relapse rate in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease after cessation of biologic or immunomodulator therapy.MethodsWe searched five databases for studies evaluating disease relapse after withdrawal of monotherapy or a drug from combination therapy in Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In meta‐analysis, risk ratios (RR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTen randomised controlled trials (587 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis, and another nine studies in systematic review. Withdrawal of immunomodulator monotherapy resulted in a significantly higher risk of relapse within 24 months of follow‐up compared to ongoing therapy in Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis (RR = 2.06, CI: 1.53‐2.77 and RR = 1.39, CI: 0.85‐2.26, respectively). Trial sequential analysis indicated that further studies with similar design are unlikely to change the significant association on relapse rates after withdrawing immunomodulator monotherapy in patients with Crohn's disease. Discontinuation of an immunomodulator from combination with biologics did not show a higher risk of relapse than continuation of both drugs (RR = 1.30, CI: 0.81‐2.08). The relapse rate increased after withdrawal of biologic monotherapy, whereas contradictory results were observed after biologic withdrawal from combination regimens.ConclusionContinuing immunomodulator monotherapy should remain the preferred approach among patients with Crohn's disease, although long‐term toxicity is a concern. Further randomised controlled trials are warranted in ulcerative colitis and on combination regimens including biologics.
Carvedilol is associated with improved survival in patients with cirrhosis: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: McDowell Hannah R. , Chuah Cher Shiong , Tripathi Dhiraj , Stanley Adrian J. , Forrest Ewan H. , Hayes Peter C. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundPrimary prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage with non‐selective beta blockers (NSBB) or variceal band ligation (VBL) is now standard of care in patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension. NSBB, and particularly carvedilol, may be associated with improved survival.AimTo assess mortality in a cohort of patients previously randomised to either carvedilol or VBL.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 152 patients recruited to a multi‐centre randomised controlled trial between 7 April 2000 and 24 June 2006 designed to assess the efficacy of VBL versus carvedilol in preventing first variceal bleed. We used electronic records to undertake long‐term follow‐up (up to 20 years) with the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality and secondary end points of liver‐related mortality and decompensation events (ascites, encephalopathy, variceal bleeding).ResultsWe included 152 patients in analysis with baseline characteristics well matched between the carvedilol (n = 77) and VBL (n = 75) groups. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, carvedilol offered a significant survival advantage with median survival of 7.8 years compared to 4.2 years in the VBL group (P = 0.03). This survival benefit was maintained in per‐protocol analysis when patients who crossed between treatment arms were excluded (P = 0.02). Transplant‐free survival, liver‐related mortality and decompensation events were similar in both groups.ConclusionThese data suggest that carvedilol offers a significant survival benefit for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The difference in all‐cause and liver‐related mortality suggests that this survival benefit may not be entirely liver‐related. Prospective, studies are required to confirm these important findings.
Editorial: vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel diseases—less is more?
Authors: Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sreedhar 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Danese et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16160 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16227
Randomised clinical trial: safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of HS‐10234 versus tenofovir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hu Yue , Wu Min , Liu Jingrui , Zhu Xiaoxue , Li Xiaojiao , Chen Hong , Li Cuiyun , Liu Chengjiao , Niu Junqi , Ding Yanhua 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundHS‐10234 is a novel prodrug of tenofovir developed to increase anti‐viral potency and to reduce systemic toxicities.AimsTo evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics and anti‐viral efficacy of HS‐10234 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infectionMethodsTreatment‐naïve subjects with non‐cirrhotic CHB were divided into three groups (n = 12/group) and randomised within each group to receive 10, 25 or 40 mg of HS‐10234, or 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) once a day for 28 days.ResultsAmong 36 enrolled subjects, 33.3% were hepatitis B e antigen‐negative with a mean hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level of 6.32‐7.42 log10 IU/mL. Nephrotoxicity and serious adverse events were not observed; all adverse events were mild or moderate and non‐specific. The mean reductions in serum HBV DNA after 28 days were −2.70, −2.89, −2.72 and −3.04 log10 IU/mL for treatment with 10, 25 or 40 mg HS‐10234, and 300 mg TDF, respectively. HS‐10234 and its metabolite TFV showed linear, dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics. The concentrations of active TFV‐DP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher (approximately 2‐ to 11‐fold increase) and TFV in plasma were lower (approximately 4.5‐ to 25‐fold reduction) in subjects taking HS‐10234 than those in the TDF group.ConclusionsHS‐10234 was well tolerated during a 4‐week course. TDF and HS‐10234 had comparable potency in inhibiting HBV replication. A daily dose of 10‐25 mg of HS‐10234 is recommended for CHB treatment. (Chinese Drug Trial Identifier: CTR20161077).
Phenome‐wide association study in adult coeliac disease: role of HLA subtype
Authors: Schneider Carolin V. , Kleinjans Moritz , Fromme Malin , Schneider Kai Markus , Strnad Pavel 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease arises in genetically susceptible individuals, in particular in carriers of HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 risk alleles and is associated with various comorbidities. Coeliac disease may confer an increased mortality, but the data are conflicting.AimsWe aimed to characterize mortality and morbidity in patients with coeliac disease with a special focus on the role of the number of HLA risk alleles.MethodsWe studied coeliac disease‐associated morbidity and mortality in ~500 000 participants of the UK Biobank including 2482 individuals with the diagnosis of coeliac disease. We used an unbiased, multivariable Phenome‐Wide Association Study (PheWAS) method to uncover the coeliac disease‐associated disorders. The tag SNP approach was used to divide the coeliac disease subjects into HLA‐DQ2/DQ8‐based risk categories.ResultsWe found 225 ICD‐10 codes significantly associated with coeliac disease. During the median follow‐up of 10.7 years, coeliac disease individuals (n = 2482) had higher overall mortality (HR 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4‐1.8]) than controls and both an increased occurrence of and an increased mortality from cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (HR 1.4‐1.6). Coeliac disease individuals with 2 HLA‐DQ2/8 risk alleles had a similar overall mortality as coeliac disease participants with 0‐1 HLA‐DQ2/8 alleles, but were more likely to die from lymphoproliferative diseases (HR 7.6 [95% CI, 1.01‐57.25]).ConclusionsOur data suggest that the increased mortality from lymphoproliferative diseases is restricted to those coeliac patients with 2 HLADQ2/8 alleles and that a combination of coeliac disease and HLADQ2/8 alleles is needed to increase the susceptibility. Once confirmed, closer monitoring may be warranted in this high‐risk subpopulation.
Keep calm and carry on—managing non‐TNF antagonist biologics in pregnancy
Authors: Seow Cynthia H. , Ma Christopher 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wils et al and Wils & Pariente papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16230
Editorial: HBV cure—the quest for biomarkers to predict off‐treatment sustained response
Authors: Thibault Vincent , Asselah Tarik 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Brakenhoff et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16172 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16233
Editorial: serologic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis—a tell‐tale sign of compromised gut‐liver immunity? Authors' reply
Authors: Wunsch Ewa , Milkiewicz Piotr 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Wunschi et al and Tornai & Papp papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16153 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16201
The effect of contaminating media on the static and dynamic mechanical resilience of dental implant abutments' screws: In vitro study
Authors: Shemtov‐Yona Keren , Arieli Adi , Barhum Mohana , Pilo Raphael , Levartovsky Shifra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis in vitro study aims to biomechanically evaluate the influence of medium contamination for example, saliva, blood, chlorhexidine (liquid and gel), and fluoride mouthwash on the biomechanical behavior of implant abutments' screws under static and dynamic loading.MethodsForty five Ti6Al4V commercial dental implants and abutments were tested in this study. Two main mechanical tests were carried out in the selected media. The first, static, aimed to evaluate the torque loss after the first tightening. The second, dynamic, involved a random cyclic load range between 0 and 200 N to evaluate torque loss due to mastication. In addition, metallographic longitudinal and cross‐sections of the abutment‐implant apparatus were examined to evaluate the abutment screw–abutment‐implant interface.ResultsThe static torque test showed that irrespective of the media, no statistical difference in static torque loss was found prior to dynamic loading. For the dynamic tests, torque‐angle evolution analysis during tightening to 30 Ncm and after the spectrum loading, showed the same global mechanical behavior for all media, but the statistical analysis indicated a difference between the groups in reverse torque values (RTV) and in the torque loss due to dynamic loading. The medium groups CHX, CHX‐gel, and Fluoride mouthwash, showed a meaningful torque loss due to loading, but the medium groups, control (no medium), blood and saliva showed an opposite trend and required a higher torque to open the abutment screws. The microstructural analysis revealed clear signs of cold‐welding/galling, post‐dynamic loading in these latter groups.ConclusionsThe presence of lubrication/contamination media (CHX mouthwash/CHX‐gel/Fluoride mouthwash) reduces the preload generated due to tightening but prevents damage due to galling. The observed reduction of RTV clearly emphasizes the need for frequent abutment screw retightening for implant‐supported prosthetic long‐term stability.
Four single implant‐supported crowns replacing the maxillary incisors: A retrospective report of 10 cases with 2–9 years of follow‐up
Authors: Koster Maysa , Dias Debora R. , Zimiani Gabriela de S. , Santos Rafael P. da M. , de Oliveira Ricardo P. , Araújo Maurício G. , Hayacibara Roberto M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective case series aimed to assess the stability of the papilla around four single crowns supported by narrow‐diameter implants replacing all maxillary incisors. Secondary objectives included assessment of marginal bone level stability, incidence of technical and biological complications, and patient satisfaction.Materials and MethodsIndividuals with four adjacent implants in maxillary incisor sites, placed with a 3 mm inter‐implant distance and rehabilitated with single crowns were included. Retrospective data were obtained from photographs and radiographs taken at the delivery of the prosthesis (baseline—T0). Patients were then recalled (≥2 years after T0) for clinical and radiographic examination (follow‐up—T1). Photographs were obtained and patient satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Papilla height and marginal bone level were compared over time.ResultsData from 10 patients with medium‐low smile lines and rehabilitated with 40 implants, in function for 5.4 ± 1.9 years, were analyzed. The papilla height between implants (T0: 2.3 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 2.6 ± 0.7 mm; p = .011) and between tooth and implant (T0: 3.4 ± 0.9 mm; T1: 3.8 ± 0.8 mm; p = .025) increased significantly over the years. The marginal bone level remained stable over time (T0: 0.88 ± 0.57 mm; T1: 0.71 ± 0.67 mm; p = .007). Patients were highly satisfied (97.7 ± 0.3%) with the treatment outcome.ConclusionWithin its limitations, this study demonstrated that four single implant‐supported crowns placed at maxillary incisor sites may exhibit soft tissue and marginal bone stability over a long period of time. This treatment approach, however, should be restricted to few patients as it requires a proper case selection and skillful execution of all surgical and prosthetic steps.
Local Financial Institutions and Income Inequality: Evidence from Brazil's Credit Cooperative Movement
Authors: Arestis Philip , Phelps Peter 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTLocal financial institutions can play a crucial role in reducing income inequalities at the within‐country level by promoting inclusive economic growth and development across time and space. This is against a backdrop of increasing financial and economic fragility, to which emerging economies have also been exposed over more recent decades and years. This article adds emerging economy evidence from Brazil to an empirical literature on the income inequality implications of cooperative financial institutions. Panel‐data estimations for 2004‒19 reveal that Brazilian credit cooperatives have gone beyond commercial banks in supporting communities that have traditionally been underserved financially. Additionally, the article provides new evidence and insights on credit cooperatives’ resilience in the context of a relatively recent but severe economic crisis in Brazil. The results indicate that credit cooperatives have helped fill gaps in finance and economic opportunity that tend to arise in an emerging economy setting. Furthermore, the contribution of credit cooperatives in filling these gaps is found to be more significant at lower levels of development. These findings add theoretical and, importantly, empirical support to the relationship channel of financial inclusion, which is in line with the optimistic perspective in this debate.
Why is it taking so long to move down the road?: Creating a regional border agreement in the DMV as an alternative for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
Authors: Juntunen Katriina Rose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is an agreement between all 50 states and the District of Columbia governing the process of placing a foster child out of state. Notorious for its long wait times and system backlog, the ICPC presents a host of problems for children attempting to move mere minutes across state lines to be with a relative or kin placement instead of state foster care. In an effort to make this process smoother, 18 different “border agreements” have been adopted by several neighboring states across the U.S. Such border agreements give temporary placement licenses to relatives and kin while the ICPC process is ongoing. While this is a good start towards a solution, the ICPC could be further streamlined if border agreements were used more widely, especially in regional contexts. This article considers the possibility of such a regional agreement between the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Northern Virginia (known as the “DMV”). By comparing and contrasting two existing border agreements in these three jurisdictions, a regional DMV border agreement can be created implementing the best terms of both agreements.
Cent ans de salaire minimum en Australie, au Royaume‐Uni et aux États‐Unis: les leçons d'une histoire en mouvement
Authors: HAMILTON Reg , NICHOL Matt 
Published: September 2023

RésuméDepuis l'adoption par l'Australie, le Royaume‐Uni et les États‐Unis de leurs premières dispositions sur le salaire minimum, au début du XXe siècle, la question fait débat. Certains rejettent cette intervention étatique, jugée contraire aux principes de l'économie de marché, d'autres la défendent, au nom de l'équité et du bien commun. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur l'influence de ces deux positions idéologiques sur la fixation des salaires dans les trois pays à l'examen. Ils comblent ainsi une lacune de la littérature, qui propose peu d'études comparatives sur la formation, l'évolution et les caractéristiques actuelles des systèmes visant à instaurer des salaires minima dans ces pays.
Desajustes de la calificación de los trabajadores recién contratados. Efectos salariales a corto y medio plazo
Authors: ARAÚJO Isabel , CARNEIRO Anabela 
Published: September 2023

ResumenSe examinan los efectos salariales de la sobrecalificación y la infracalificación a corto y medio plazo según un conjunto de datos interrelacionados de empleadores y empleados de 1998 a 2012, aplicando una novedosa medida del desajuste de la calificación basada en los flujos de trabajadores recién contratados. La brecha salarial entre trabajadores con una calificación ajustada al puesto y trabajadores desajustados disminuye al controlar la heterogeneidad inobservada de trabajadores y de empresas. Las características inobservadas de los trabajadores explican buena parte de la penalización salarial por sobrecalificación y de la prima por infracalificación. También influyen las variaciones de las políticas sala‐riales de las empresas. El mayor impacto salarial de los desajustes se produce al inicio de la trayectoria profesional.
Linking abusive supervision to service sabotage through work alienation in nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: El‐Gazar Heba E. , Zoromba Mohamed A. , Zakaria Abeer Mohamed , Ibrahim Sherehan Farouk , Elzohairy Mayada Hassan Saad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbusive supervision has detrimental effects on nurses, but the mechanisms connecting abusive supervision to negative outcomes for nurses have not been well‐established in the nursing literature.AimThis study aimed to investigate whether work alienation mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and nurses' service sabotage.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted from November to December 2021 with 204 nurses working at a teaching hospital in Damanhour, Egypt. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Abusive Supervision Scale, the Work Alienation Scale and the Service Sabotage Scale. Study hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modelling.ResultsOur findings revealed a significant association between abusive supervision, work alienation, and service sabotage among nurses. Abusive supervision was found to be linked to nurses' service sabotage through work alienation.ConclusionOur study suggests that nurses who are subject to abusive supervision are more likely to feel alienated, which increases the probability of them engaging in behaviours that have a negative impact on the quality of care they provide.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.