bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the cosmic charged particle rate at sea level in the latitude range 35$$^{\circ }$$ $$\div $$ 82$$^{\circ }$$ N with the PolarquEEEst experiment
Authors: Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Baldini L. , Ferroli R. Baldini , Batignani G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cavazza D. , Cicalò C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , De Gruttola D. , De Pasquale S. , Galante L. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Gnesi I. , Gramstad E. , Grazzi S. , Håland E. S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , La Rocca P. , Liu Z. , Lombardo L. , Mandaglio G. , Margotti A. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Ould-Saada F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M. P. , Paoletti R. , Parvis M. , Pellegrino C. , Perasso L. , Pinazza O. , Pinto C. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scioli G. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Trifirò A. , Trimarchi M. , Vistoli C. , Votano L. , Williams M. C. S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter its successful campaign of measurements beyond the Polar Arctic Circle, the PolarquEEEst experiment measured the cosmic charged particle rate at sea level in a latitude interval between 35$$^{\circ }$$

∘

N and 82$$^{\circ }$$

∘

N. In this paper, these measurements are described and the corresponding results are discussed.
On the Subject of Corruption: “Community Contributions” and the Labour of Infrastructural Development in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Authors: Shneiderman Sara 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This piece explores ethnographically how new “subjects” of corruption are formulated through discursive and practical negotiations over the appropriate behaviour of those who would have previously been understood as subalterns. I explore these questions in the context of a reconstruction project in post-conflict, post-earthquake Nepal. Newly rendered as “community members” and “users,” in the language of both governmental and non-governmental agencies, I suggest that residents of Nepal’s rural areas navigate rapidly evolving state structures, domestic labour markets, and transnational relationships by practicing new forms of agency that can put them at odds with the expectations of the external actors who offer resources and regulate their use.
A Theory for the Response of Tropical Moist Convection to Mechanical Orographic Forcing
Authors: Nicolas Quentin , Boos William R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spatial patterns of tropical rainfall are strongly influenced by mountains. Although theories for precipitation induced by convectively stable upslope ascent exist for the midlatitudes, these do not represent the interaction of moist convection with orographic forcing. Here, we present a theory for convective precipitation produced by the mechanical interaction of a tropical ridge with a basic-state horizontal wind. Deviations from this basic state are represented as the sum of a “dry” perturbation, due to the stationary orographic gravity wave, and a “moist” perturbation that carries the convective response. The moist component dynamics are subject to the weak temperature gradient approximation; they are forced by the dry mode’s influence on lower-tropospheric moisture and temperature. Analytical solutions provide estimates of the precipitation distribution, including peak precipitation, upstream extent, and rain shadow extent. The theory can be used with several degrees of complexity depending on the technique used to compute the dry mode, which can be drawn from linear mountain wave theory or full numerical simulations. To evaluate the theory, we use a set of convection-permitting simulations with a flow-perpendicular ridge in a long channel. The theory makes a good prediction for the cross-slope precipitation profile, indicating that the organization of convective rain by orography can be quantitatively understood by considering the effect of stationary orographic gravity waves on a lower-tropospheric convective quasi-equilibrium state.
The carbon footprint of products used in five common surgical operations: identifying contributing products and processes
Authors: Rizan Chantelle , Lillywhite Robert , Reed Malcom , Bhutta Mahmood F 
Published: April 2023

Objectives Mitigating carbon footprint of products used in resource-intensive areas such as surgical operating rooms will be important in achieving net zero carbon healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon footprint of products used within five common operations, and to identify the biggest contributors (hotspots). Design A predominantly process-based carbon footprint analysis was conducted for products used in the five highest volume surgical operations performed in the National Health System in England. Setting The carbon footprint inventory was based on direct observation of 6–10 operations/type, conducted across three sites within one NHS Foundation Trust in England. Participants Patients undergoing primary elective carpal tunnel decompression, inguinal hernia repair, knee arthroplasty, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, tonsillectomy (March 2019 – January 2020). Main outcome measures We determined the carbon footprint of the products used in each of the five operations, alongside greatest contributors through analysis of individual products and of underpinning processes. Results The mean average carbon footprint of products used for carpal tunnel decompression was 12.0 kg CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalents); 11.7 kg CO2e for inguinal hernia repair; 85.5 kg CO2e for knee arthroplasty; 20.3 kg CO2e for laparoscopic cholecystectomy; and 7.5 kg CO2e for tonsillectomy. Across the five operations, 23% of product types were responsible for ≥80% of the operation carbon footprint. Products with greatest carbon contribution for each operation type were the single-use hand drape (carpal tunnel decompression), single-use surgical gown (inguinal hernia repair), bone cement mix (knee arthroplasty), single-use clip applier (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) and single-use table drape (tonsillectomy). Mean average contribution from production of single-use items was 54%, decontamination of reusables 20%, waste disposal of single-use items 8%, production of packaging for single-use items 6% and linen laundering 6%. Conclusions Change in practice and policy should be targeted towards those products making greatest contribution, and should include reducing single-use items and switching to reusables, alongside optimising processes for decontamination and waste disposal, modelled to reduce carbon footprint of these operations by 23%–42%.
Audiometric Variability of the Carhart Effect in Middle Ear Diseases – Pretreatment Analysis
Authors: Szpak Kamila , Wiatr Agnieszka , Wiatr Maciej 
Published: April 2023

Objective The assessment of bone conduction thresholds in patients with conductive hearing loss is not a full measure of the function of the inner ear due to the weakening of the influence of middle ear components on bone conduction. This relationship has been called the ‘Carhart effect’. Methods The retrospective analysis covered 977 patients diagnosed and treated for middle ear diseases from 2010 to 2020. The Carhart effect was considered to be an increase in the bone conduction threshold by a minimum of 10 dB relative to adjacent frequencies. The study was performed with the aim of assessing the presence of the Carhart effect in the course of middle ear diseases in pretreatment analysis. Results The Carhart effect was observed in 532 cases, most often in patients with chronic otitis media and otosclerosis. It was least often observed in patients with otitis media with effusion. In otitis media with effusion, the Carhart effect was more often noted for the frequency of 4000 Hz, in otosclerosis for the frequency of 2000 Hz. In patients with chronic otitis media, this effect for the frequency of 4000 Hz was correlated with the location of inflammatory changes in the attic area. The presence of inflammatory lesions in the oval window area was associated with the presence of the Carhart effect for the frequency of 2000 Hz. Conclusions 1. The frequency of the Carhart effect observed in diseases of the middle ear does not depend on the disease entity but on the type and location of abnormalities in the middle ear. 2. The Carhart effect observed for the frequency of 4000 Hz coexists with the localization of lesions in the range of the malleus and incus, and for the frequency of 2000 Hz, it is partially associated with abnormalities in the range of stapes and oval window.
Posterior Cranial Distraction in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Drapeau Annie I. , Pearson Gregory D. 
Published: April 2023

Objective Posterior cranial distraction (PCD) is a surgical technique to address craniosynostosis, especially in syndromic patients. The technique has the ability to significantly expand the cranium, while requiring minimal dural dissection, compared to cranial remodeling. Our goals were to determine the patient characteristics and surgical outcomes of PCD. The two questions that we sought to answer were: 1) What is the average published complication rate and the most common complications of PCD? and 2) How much intracranial volume expansion can one expect with PCD? Design A PubMed database search of articles on PCD was performed. Case reports and articles with overlapping patients were excluded. A systematic review was performed using the remaining articles. Main Outcome Measures Patient data were extracted in order to determine the total number of patients, patients with a syndrome, types of syndromes, mean age at surgery, mean distraction distance, mean increase in intracranial volume, and complications. Results 18 articles representing 325 patients were analyzed. A syndrome was present in 68.6% of patients. The mean age at time of surgery was 22.1 months. Mean distraction amount was 24.7 mm. Mean increase in intracranial volume was 253.2 cm3. The overall complication rate was 32.2%, with the most common complications being surgical-site infection, hardware-related complications and delayed wound healing. Conclusions PCD is a powerful technique in the management of syndromic craniosynostosis, although complication rates are significantly higher than traditional remodeling techniques. Future studies should compare the effects of supratorcular and infratorcular osteotomies on intracranial volume, cosmesis and complications.
The representation and processing of synonyms and translations: A masked priming study with European Portuguese-English bilinguals
Authors: Tomaz Ângela , Oliveira Helena M. , Soares Ana Paula , Casalis Séverine , Comesaña Montserrat 
Published: April 2023

Aims/Objectives: According to Multilink, words from the first (L1) and (L2) second languages share a common store and their access is non-selective. Thus, the presentation of a target word activates in parallel lexical candidates from both languages that share form and semantic overlap. The degree of words’ activation also depends on their resting levels of activation (words that are more used have a higher resting levels of activation). Since non-cognate translations and synonyms share meaning, they may be seen as qualitatively similar lexical representations, and consequently subject to similar processing if their frequency levels are matched. However, whereas masked priming lexical decision studies with synonyms failed to find reliable masked priming effects, the majority of those with non-cognate translations (especially in the forward direction, i.e., from L1 to L2) showed significant effects. The present study extends those findings by directly comparing the processing of synonyms and translations in bilinguals. Design/methodology: A masked priming lexical decision task (targets were preceded by a related 50-ms word [an L1 translation or an L2 synonym] or by a 50-ms unrelated word) was conducted. Lexical frequency of usage was higher for primes than for targets. Data and analysis: Reaction times and accuracy from 24 sequential (highly proficient) European Portuguese-English bilinguals were analyzed with linear mixed effects models. Findings/conclusions: Results showed priming effects for translations, but not for synonyms, indicating a differential processing of synonyms and non-cognate translations. Originality: This is the first empirical work that directly compares the processing of synonyms and translations in bilinguals by using the same targets words for both prime types. Significance/implications: The findings contradict the Multilink model, since they index a differential representational nature of lexico-semantic links for translations and synonyms. Modifications in the model are needed to account for the data.
Feeling stretched: Parents’ narratives about challenges to resilience when their child has a tracheostomy
Authors: Flynn Alison , Whittaker Karen , Donne Adam J , Bray Lucy , Carter Bernie 
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to examine how parents develop personal resilience when facing the challenges of caring for a child with tracheostomy. This study employed a longitudinal qualitative design. Unstructured narrative interviews with 12 parents (from nine families) whose child had a new tracheostomy were undertaken at three time points over 12 months. Data were analysed using a socio-narratology method. Findings reveal the journey parents experienced, how their feelings changed and the processes involved in developing resilience over the first 12 months of their child having a tracheostomy. Stories told by parents early in their journey revealed emotional upheaval, negative emotions, stress and shock. Due to medical need, parents had little or no choice for their child to have a tracheostomy. Once their child’s life was out of danger, parents started to reframe their experiences and beliefs. Resilience played a major part in how parents perceived and faced their situation, allowing them to deal with what came their way and to move forward with their lives. Different aspects of resilience such as self-awareness, grit, gratitude, internal locus of control and reframing came to the fore at different time points. Parents talked feeling stretched by the challenges they faced and how they reframed their perspectives about their child’s tracheostomy. Parents’ resilience and reframing is discussed in relation to the ABC-X model. This study identifies a theoretical model that explains this process of change, this results in transferable knowledge, useful for understanding and explaining the experience of other parents and families.
Finite element analysis of two skeletally anchored maxillary molar distalisation methods
Authors: Vilanova Lorena , Bellini-Pereira Silvio Augusto , Patel Mayara Paim , Grec Roberto , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Janson Guilherme , Garib Daniela , Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To compare two methods of maxillary molar distalisation with skeletal anchorage using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Two digitised models were created: the miniscrew-anchored distaliser, which consisted of a distalisation method anchored in a buccal miniscrew between the first molar and second premolar (Model 1), and the miniscrew-anchored palatal appliance, which consisted of a distalisation method anchored in a miniscrew on the anterior region of the palate (Model 2). FEA was used to simulate both methods, assessing teeth displacements and stress concentration. Results: The miniscrew-anchored distaliser showed greater buccal than distal displacement of the first molar, while the opposite was observed in the miniscrew-anchored palatal appliance. The second molar responded similarly in the transverse and anteroposterior perspectives with both appliances. Greater displacements were observed at crown level than in apical regions. Greater stress concentration was observed at the buccal and cervical regions of the crown in the miniscrew-anchored distaliser and the palatal and cervical regions in the palatal appliance. The stress progressively spread in the buccal side of the alveolar bone for the miniscrew-anchored distaliser and in the palatal root and alveolar bone for the palatal appliance. Conclusion: FEA assumes that both appliances would promote maxillary molar distalisation. A skeletally anchored palatal distalisation force seems to provide a greater molar bodily movement with less undesirable effects. Greater stress is expected at the crown and cervical regions during distalisation, and the stress concentration in the roots and alveolar bone depends directly on the region the force was applied.
Association of the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody with chronic hand pain in older adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tagoe Clement E. , Wang Wanyi , Barbour Kamil E. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the commonest autoimmune disease. Although viewed as a classic form of single-organ autoimmunity, AITD is increasingly associated with non-thyroid sequelae including musculoskeletal manifestations and chronic pain syndromes. However, large population-based studies are needed. Objectives: To examine the relationships between chronic hand pain and the AITD autoantibodies, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: We examined data from NHANES III on 4820 persons aged 60 years or older with respect to hand pain and its association with TPOAb and TgAb. Log-binomial regressions were fit to examine the associations between the anti-thyroid autoantibodies and hand pain. Results: Positive TPOAb was associated with a higher prevalence of hand pain than negative TPOAb [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.158, p = 0.048] in the unadjusted model. This association was no longer significant after controlling for age, body mass index, gender, and diabetes ( p = 0.313). When positive TPOAb was considered as a categorical variable with four levels, the highest quartile was associated with hand pain in the unadjusted (PR = 1.489, p = 0.005) and adjusted models (PR = 1.325, p = 0.042). There was no significant association between TgAb and hand pain when covariates were controlled for. Conclusion: TPOAb may be associated with the presence of chronic hand pain in persons aged over 60 years, especially at higher serum levels.
Appropriateness of antimicrobial selection for treatment of pneumonia in selected public hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jambo Abera , Edessa Dumessa , Adem Fuad , Gashaw Tigist 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Inappropriate antimicrobial use leads to drug resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Considering the lack of data regarding the drug use patterns in the treatment of pneumonia in selected study areas, the authors felt compelled to assess the appropriateness of antimicrobial usage in the treatment of pneumonia at Hiwot Fana Specialized Comprehensive University Hospital and Jugal Hospital from May 1 to 31, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using the medical cards of 693 admitted patients with pneumonia. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with an initial inappropriate antibiotic use. A p value of 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of the association using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the total participants, 116 (16.74%, 95% confidence interval: 14.1–19.6) of them received an initial inappropriate antimicrobial regimen. Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin was the most prescribed antimicrobial agent. Patients who were younger than 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.71; 95% confidence interval: 1.00–2.94), between 6 and 14 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.64–6.00), and older than 65 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.66), with comorbid conditions (adjusted odds ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.72) and prescribed by medical interns (adjusted odds ratio = 1.80; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–2.84) were associated with an initial inappropriate antimicrobial use. Conclusion: Around one out of every six patients had received initial inappropriate treatments. Adherence to the recommendation of guidelines and attention to extreme-aged groups and comorbidity may improve antimicrobial use.
Health Services Use and Outcomes for Hospital Admissions With a Major Cardiovascular Event Recorded in Health Care Administrative Data in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Kang Yuguang , De Chickera Sonali , Dixon Stephanie N. , Luo Bin , Sontrop Jessica , Walsh Michael , Tonelli Marcello , Garg Amit X. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Administrative data are used in studies of hemodialysis care to report cardiovascular-related hospitalizations. Showing recorded events are associated with significant health care resource use and poor outcomes would confirm that administrative data algorithms identify clinically meaningful events. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the 30-day health service use and outcomes when a hospital admission with myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or ischemic stroke is recorded in administrative databases. Design: This is a retrospective review of linked administrative data. Patients and Setting: Patients receiving maintenance in-center hemodialysis in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2017, were included. Measurements: Records from linked health care databases at ICES in Ontario, Canada were considered. We identified hospital admission with the most responsible diagnosis recorded as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or ischemic stroke. We then assessed the frequency of common tests, procedures, consultations, post-discharge outpatient drug prescriptions, and outcomes within 30 days following the hospital admission. Methods: We used descriptive statistics to summarize results using counts and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviations or medians with quartile ranges for continuous variables. Results: There were 14 368 patients who received maintenance hemodialysis between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2017. The number of events per 1000 person-years was 33.5 for hospital admissions with myocardial infarction, 34.2 for congestive heart failure, and 12.9 for ischemic stroke. The median (25th, 75th percentile) duration of hospital stay was 5 (3-10) days for myocardial infarction, 4 (2-8) days for congestive heart failure, and 9 (4-18) days for ischemic stroke. The chance of death within 30 days was 21% for myocardial infarction, 11% for congestive heart failure, and 19% for ischemic stroke. Limitations: Events, procedures, and tests recorded in administrative data can be misclassified compared with medical charts. Conclusions: In patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, hospital admissions of major cardiovascular events routinely recorded in health administrative databases are associated with significant use of health service resources and poor health outcomes.