bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of polycaprolactone‐based electrospun pH‐sensitive sensors as instant colorimetric indicators for food packaging
Authors: Guclu Nihal , Duzyer Gebizli Sebnem , Orhan Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present study, polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol (PCL/PEG) electrospun nanofibres with different anthocyanin (1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%) were fabricated for the instant measurement of pH, especially for applications—such as food freshness detection—where quick response is required. The solution, surface, chemical, thermal, wettability, mechanical, and release properties of the samples were evaluated by viscosity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and tensile tests, respectively. The colorimetric analyses were also investigated against the solutions at different pH values and bacterial solutions. Finally, the on‐site performance of the sensor was evaluated. Anthocyanin addition initially lowered the solution viscosity, resulting in thinner fibres with a diameter of 288 nm. The diameters were increased up to 395 nm with the increasing anthocyanin. Anthocyanin addition enhanced the wettability and the mechanical properties, and the contact angles decreased to 43°. The highest modulus was observed for 1% anthocyanin, with a value of 6.162. The release experiments revealed that the anthocyanin‐loaded samples released a large amount of anthocyanin (between ~12% and 38%) in the first 15 s. The colorimetric analyses showed that PCL/PEG nanofibre mats with 2% and 3% anthocyanin concentrations were the most capable pH‐sensitive sensors for detecting pH changes from 2 to 8. As a result, it can be concluded that 3% anthocyanin is the threshold value for the production of the anthocyanin‐loaded nanofibre mats, and these structures are promising for the instant detection of pH proved by the on‐site application.
Coupling coloration of meta‐aramid fabric utilising diazonium salts from weakly basic aromatic amines
Authors: Jiang Hua , Song Jixian , Cui Zhihua , Chen Weiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeta‐aramid fibre exhibits poor dyeing performance when treated using conventional dyeing methods. In this study, coloration of meta‐aramid fabrics was performed at room temperature utilising diazonium salts from weakly basic aromatic amines and was achieved via in situ construction of azo chromophores on the meta‐phenylenediamine moiety. To promote diazonium‐salt penetration into the meta‐aramid fibre, the pretreatment of meta‐aramid fabrics with dimethyl sulfoxide at 55°C for 30 min and the utilisation of methanol were involved during the coloration process. As a result, the fabrics could be coloured with deep, levelled and firm shades of brown series. The azo chromophore is derived from the skeleton of the polyamide chain. Therefore, the coloured fabrics exhibit good resistance to organic solvents as well as good to excellent colour fastness to soaping, rubbing and sublimation. A study of the coloration mechanism revealed that the terminal and middle meta‐phenylenediamine moieties serve as the main coupling reaction sites. When treated with a diazonium salt, the highly reactive terminal meta‐phenylenediamine moiety reacted first and generated chromophores with an absorption peak in the long‐wavelength region. However, such chromophores only contributed a limited colour depth owing to the limited number of the terminals. If excess diazonium salts were used, the main hue can be attributed to the azo chromophores based on the massive middle meta‐phenylenediamine moieties, although these moieties are less reactive than the terminal meta‐phenylenediamine moieties.
Unpacking assertions made by the alcohol industry and how they make them: An analysis of submissions into Australia's National Alcohol Strategy
Authors: Miller Mia , Livingston Michael , Maganja Damian , Wright Cassandra C. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. One significant barrier to the implementation of evidence‐based alcohol policy is alcohol industry opposition. Making submissions to national policy processes is one way in which the industry exert influence. The aim of this study was to analyse alcohol industry submissions into Australia's National Alcohol Strategy to determine key assertions made by the alcohol industry and the ways in which they use evidence and refute the effectiveness of public health policies to make their claims.MethodsSubmissions made by alcohol industry actors (n = 12) were analysed using content analysis to determine key industry assertions. A pre‐existing framework on alcohol industry use of evidence was then applied to analyse the evidentiary practices used to make these assertions.ResultsFive common industry assertions were identified: ‘Drinking alcohol in moderation has health benefits’; ‘Alcohol isn't the cause of violence’; ‘Targeted initiatives, not population level alcohol policies, are needed’; ‘Strong alcohol advertising regulations are not necessary’; and ‘Minimum unit price and pricing and taxation policies more broadly are not needed’. The industry systematically manipulated, misused and ignored evidence throughout their submissions.Discussion and ConclusionsThe alcohol industry is misusing evidence in their submissions to government consultations to make their assertions about alcohol policy. It is therefore essential that industry submissions are scrutinised and not accepted on face value. Additionally, it is suggested that the alcohol industry requires a distinct model of governance similarly to that which regulates the tobacco industry to prevent their attempts to undermine evidence‐based public health policy.
Storage of soil carbon is not sequestration: Straightforward graphical visualization of their basic differences
Authors: Baveye Philippe C. , Berthelin Jacques , Tessier Daniel , Lemaire Gilles 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, in the literature on the incorporation of crop residues in agricultural fields to mitigate climate change, there has been a growing tendency to no longer distinguish between the storage and the sequestration of organic carbon in soils. Applying, apparently for the first time, a simple “back‐of‐the‐envelope” calculation to available mineralization kinetics data, we show graphically that there are fundamental differences, both quantitatively and qualitatively, between the two concepts of storage and sequestration. To avoid confusion, they should therefore never be used interchangeably, especially when addressing farmers and policymakers. Several simplifying assumptions made in the calculations, and about which a considerable lack of understanding persists, mean that at this stage, the graphical visualization we obtained is likely to still be optimistic in terms of the already low (10%) efficacy of sequestering carbon in soils. Several research avenues are outlined to deepen our grasp of the processes involved.
Particle arrangement and internal porosity of coarse fragments affect water retention in stony soils
Authors: Pereira Caroline Andrade , Mulazzani Rodrigo Pivoto , de Jong Van Lier Quirijn , de Araújo Pedron Fabrício , Gubiani Paulo Ivonir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInformation about water retention in stony soils lags behind due to methodological difficulties. We applied a new strategy to measure the water retention in soils with coarse fragments (CFs) and to get insights into the effect of CFs porosity on water retention. Water retention at zero, 10, and 150 m suction, bulk density, and the mass fraction of six particle size classes were measured in undisturbed blocks from soils with variable CFs contents, originating from three parent materials. The results showed that some soils contain porous CFs (2–250 mm) with a water holding capacity as high as the fine fraction (<2 mm). The water held in the suction range of 1–150 m in a soil with porous CFs was twice as high as in soils with non‐porous CFs. Multilinear regressions revealed that both the water retention capacity at 1 m suction and in the range 1–150 m were more dependent on bulk density than on the fraction of CFs and fine particles. In the soil with porous CFs, there was no correlation between their fraction and soil water retention. These results show that the bulk water retention capacity of soils with CFs is underestimated when not considering the internal porosity of the CFs. A better understanding of the effect of the porosity of CFs on bulk soil porosity and water retention is important to propose suitable pedotransfer functions and refine physically‐based hydraulic functions for stony soils.
Characterizing state‐managed and unmanaged fisheries in coastal marine states and territories of the United States
Authors: Melnychuk Michael C. , Ashbrook Charmane E. , Bell Richard J. , Bellquist Lyall , Kauer Kate , Wilson Jono R. , Hilborn Ray , Odell Jay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe status of federally managed fisheries in the United States is well monitored, but the condition of other marine fisheries, whether state‐managed, territory‐managed or unmanaged, is less understood and often unknown. We used expert surveys to characterize the management systems of non‐federally managed fisheries in US coastal marine states and overseas territories. For 311 fisheries, we estimated an overall Fisheries Management Index (FMI) and a qualitative stock status score. These measures were positively correlated, and while a wide range of research, management, enforcement and socioeconomic criteria were partially met (FMI ≥ 0.5) for 66% of fisheries, stock status was considered as partially acceptable (score ≥ 0.5) for only 45% of fisheries and acceptable (score = 1) for only 16% of fisheries. Higher FMI was typically observed in fisheries with greater commercial landed weight, value, or greater recreational catches. Fisheries from continental states had higher FMI than those from overseas territories. Invertebrates and diadromous fish species had higher FMI on average compared to those of marine fishes. Extrapolating results for surveyed fisheries to nearly 2000 non‐federally managed US fisheries while stratifying by state and importance designation (based on commercial, recreational, cultural or ecological importance), we estimate a mean overall FMI of 0.48, and estimate that only 19% of fisheries have a reliable estimate of stock status available; both measures are lower than similar estimates for federally managed fisheries. Funding or capacity constraints and information or data limitations were identified as common challenges faced by state agencies in managing fisheries under their jurisdiction.
Next Generation Computers Warrant Next Generation Groundwater Models
Authors: Engdahl Nicholas B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModern hydrologic models have extraordinary capabilities for representing complex process in surface‐subsurface systems. These capabilities have revolutionized the way we conceptualize flow systems, but how to represent uncertainty in simulated flow systems is not as well developed. Currently, characterizing model uncertainty can be computationally expensive, in part, because the techniques are appended to the numerical methods rather than seamlessly integrated. The next generation of computers, however, presents opportunities to reformulate the modeling problem so that the uncertainty components are handled more directly within the flow system simulation. Misconceptions about quantum computing abound and they will not be a “silver bullet” for solving all complex problems, but they might be leveraged for certain kinds of highly uncertain problems, such as groundwater (GW). The point of this issue paper is that the GW community could try to revise the foundations of our models so that the governing equations being solved are tailored specifically for quantum computers. The goal moving forward should not just be to accelerate the models we have, but also to address their deficiencies. Embedding uncertainty into the models by evolving distribution functions will make predictive GW modeling more complicated, but doing so places the problem into a complexity class that is highly efficient on quantum computing hardware. Next generation GW models could put uncertainty into the problem at the very beginning of a simulation and leave it there throughout, providing a completely new way of simulating subsurface flows.
To what extent is education for urinary catheter insertion and management offered to registered nurses in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Wills‐Lee Sarah , Dunleavy Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegistered nurses (RNs) competent in catheter insertion and management reduce catheter days and catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Guidelines suggest that education in catheter insertion and management should occur regularly to ensure competency. However, there is no evidence to suggest this occurs in the United Kingdom. The databases Cinahl and Medline databases and the grey literature were searched and revealed that CAUTIs account for ~40% of hospital acquired infections and are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, length of stay and hospital costs. Prevalence, however, can be reduced if all evidence‐based measures in insertion and management are carried out. The literature review demonstrated that clinical catheter related education improves nurses' knowledge which, translated into behaviour, results in reduced catheter days and CAUTI rates. A pragmatic, descriptive mixed methods convergent parallel approach was used to survey RNs from two professional associations through their mailing lists and social media platforms, using an online Qualtrics™ questionnaire. An online survey method was chosen to maximize geographical reach. Respondents confirmed their consent on accessing the online survey prior to commencing the questionnaire. All participants and their responses were anonymous. Results were saved on the Qualtrics™ platform and analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using a pragmatic approach to thematic analysis. Of the 72 responses, 61% (n = 44) worked in an acute hospital and 47% (n = 34) worked in the London area. There was representation from all over the United Kingdom except Scotland. 96% (n = 69) RNs were offered education in catheter insertion and management. Content of education included theory, practical, competency and ongoing education. 51% (n = 36) were offered education on a frequent basis. The results indicated that education in catheter insertion and management for RNs in the United Kingdom is not standardized. This may have implications for patient outcome measures such as CAUTI and on a macro level may be a symptom of wider organizational cultural inadequacies. Future research could inform the design of a standardized catheter insertion and management education package and measure its effect and impact on practice. The sampling method and subsequent response rate was a limitation of this study, and it may have been appropriate to use a more generic sampling frame to achieve representative results.
Development and validation of a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring
Authors: Wang Yanqiong , Liu Ruiqi , Wu Zhihui , Xu Xuewen , He Lingxiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo develop a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring and validate its psychometric properties. This was a methodological study. Researchers developed the scale based on a literature review, qualitative study and Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, 409 patients participated in the study to test the psychometric properties of the scale. We evaluated construct validity, content validity, internal consistency reliability, and interrater reliability. The researchers developed a scale consisting of three dimensions and 12 items. Factor analysis extracted a total of four common factors that accounted for 62.22% of the total variance. The results revealed that the item‐content validity index (I‐CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1, while the scale‐content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.82. Internal consistency reliability: Cronbach's α of the items ranged from 0.67 to 0.76, while Cronbach's α of the whole scale was 0.74. Interrater reliability: the Kappa number was 0.73. The final scale showed adequate construct validity, content validity, and reliability. It is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to identify patients with a risk of pathological scarring. Further study is needed to confirm the scale's validity and reliability in other settings and populations.
Epicardial mapping and ablation of biatrial macroreentrant tachycardia via Bachmann's bundle
Authors: Yorgun Hikmet , Çöteli Cem , Kılıç Gül S. , Ateş Ahmet H. , Aytemir Kudret 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecent reports highlighted the role of epicardial connections in the development of biatrial tachycardia circuits.MethodsWe reported a case of 60‐year‐old female patient who was admitted with recurrent atrial tachycardia (AT) after endocardial pulmonary vein isolation and anterior mitral line formation.ResultsEpicardial activation map demonstrated fragmented continuous potentials at the Bachmann's bundle region with good entrainment response. Epicardial radiofrequency ablation terminated AT with complete block in the anterior mitral line.ConclusionsThis case corroborates the data relevant to the role of interatrial connections—specifically Bachmann's bundle—in biatrial macroreentrant ATs and demonstrates that epicardial mapping is an effective method to identify the entire reentrant circuit.
Sotalol in neonates for arrhythmias: Dosing, safety, and efficacy
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Decker Jamie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionVarious agents may be utilized to manage supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in neonates and infants. Recently, sotalol has piqued interest given its reported success in managing neonates and infants with SVTs, especially with the intravenous formulation. While the manufacturer recommends using an age‐related nomogram in neonates and young infants to guide doses, clinical reports describe various dosing based on weight (mg/kg) or on body surface area (BSA) in mg/m2. Given the reported variation in clinical practice with regard to dosing in neonates, there is a gap in the literature and translation into clinical practice regarding applicability of the nomogram into clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to describe sotalol doses based on body weight and BSA in neonates for SVT.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective study evaluating effective sotalol dosing from January 2011 and June 2021 (inclusive). Neonates who received intravenous (IV) or oral (PO) sotalol for SVT were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was to describe sotalol doses based on body weight and BSA. Secondary outcomes include comparison of doses to the manufacturer nomogram, description of dose titrations, reported adverse outcomes, and change in therapy. Two‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to determine statistically significant differences.ResultsThirty‐one eligible patients were included in this study. The median (range) age and weight were 16.5 (1−28) days and 3.2 (1.8−4.9) kg, respectively. The median initial dose was 7.3 (1.9−10.8) mg/kg or 114.3 (30.9−166.7) mg/m2/day. Fourteen (45.2%) of patients required a dose increase for SVT control. The median dose required for rhythm control was 8.5 (2−14.8) mg/kg/day or 120.7 (30.9−225) mg/m2/day. Of note, the median recommended dose per manufacturer nomogram for our patients would have been 51.3 (16.2−73.8) mg/m2/day, which is significantly lower than both the initial dose (p < .001) and final doses (p < .001) utilized in our study. A total of 7 (22.9%) patients were uncontrolled on sotalol monotherapy using our dosing regimen. Two patients (6.5%) had reports of hypotension and one patient (3.3%) had a report of bradycardia requiring discontinuation of therapy. The average change in baseline QTC following sotalol initiation was 6.8%. Twenty‐seven (87.1%), 3 (9.7%), 1 (3.3%) experienced prolongation, no change, or a decrease in QTc, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a sotalol strategy significantly higher than the manufacture dose recommendations are required for rhythm control in neonates with SVT. There were few adverse events reported with this dosing. Further prospective studies would be advantageous to confirm these findings.
NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and risk of Parkinson's disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review and new perspective
Authors: Alrouji Mohammed , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Jabir Majid S. , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic predisposition and immune dysfunction are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Notably, peripheral inflammatory disorders and neuroinflammation are associated with PD neuropathology. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with inflammatory disorders due to hyperglycaemia‐induced oxidative stress and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Particularly, insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM promotes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Thus, T2DM‐induced inflammatory disorders predispose to the development and progression of PD, and their targeting may reduce PD risk in T2DM. Therefore, this narrative review aims to find the potential link between T2DM and PD by investigating the role of inflammatory signalling pathways, mainly the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and the nod‐like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. NF‐κB is implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and activation of NF‐κB with induction of neuronal apoptosis was also confirmed in PD patients. Systemic activation of NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the accumulation of α‐synuclein and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Increasing α‐synuclein in PD patients enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the release of interleukin (IL)‐1β followed by the development of systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, activation of the NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in T2DM patients could be the causal pathway in the development of PD. The inflammatory mechanisms triggered by activated NLRP3 inflammasome lead to pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and the development of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of inflammatory changes by inhibiting the NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the early T2DM may reduce future PD risk.