bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Clinical Exposure
Authors: Harish Hande Alka , Panchbhai Aarti , Gawande Madhuri Nitin , Patil Swati Krishnakant , Sharma Preethi N , Archana Sonone 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching–learning methodology which promotes the acquaintance of dental students to patients during their initial 1st year of learning. It comprehends in a socioclinical perspective which supplements learning of correlation of health and disease as well as the role of the clinician.

Materials and Methods:
Study population includes a Cohort of 96 students of 1st year of Bachelor of Dental Sciences (I BDS). From I BDS, 48 students (Group A = interventional group) were selected as cases and 48 as controls (Group B = control group) by simple random sampling. Group A students were exposed to a module of ECE prepared in a clinical/hospital setting. Group B students were exposed to didactic learning of the selected content of syllabus. After intervention, the students' understanding of the topic for both Group A and B was evaluated by a prepared questionnaire (posttest). The effectiveness of this adjunct learning tool ECE was calculated using the absolute learning gain (ALG), relative learning gain (RLG), and normalized gain.

Results:
The significantly enhanced posttest score was observed in Group A (7.72 ± 1.42) as compared to Group B (4.08 ± 0.64). The ALG, RLG, and normalized gain were higher with ECE as an adjunct learning tool as compared to didactic learning. On analysis of the perceptions after feedback, it was observed that overall, 92.05% of the students strongly agreed that the ECE was a very appreciable, practically oriented teaching–learning tool and validated the better learning experience.

Conclusion:
ECE could be a better and effective adjunct teaching–learning tool in the dental discipline.
Use of e-Media Among Pediatric Dental Professionals and Postgraduate Students in Pediatric Dentistry During COVID-19
Authors: Shinde Maya Uddhavrao , Chaudhary Shweta M. , Patil Krishna V. , Patel Alok Ramesh , Shah Preetam P. , Patil Smita S. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Health-care providers, particularly pediatric dentists, highly depend on electronic media. This survey attempts to assess how they have taken to e-media to keep themselves abreast of the current situation and use it efficiently.

Objectives:
To determine attitudes, awareness, and practices of e-media usage among pediatric dental professionals and postgraduate students in pediatric dentistry during the COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A convenience sample of 958 pediatric dental practitioners and postgraduate students in pediatric dentistry from throughout India participated in a descriptive cross-sectional survey. An investigator-designed questionnaire comprising 23 close-ended questions related to the usage and various aspects of e-media before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Younger generations of pediatric dentistry are more active in the use of e-media. Dentists between the ages of 30 and 50 years are more likely to utilize social media in their profession than dentists above the age of 50 years. For academic purposes and patient communication, e-media was the most popular choice.

Conclusion:
The Indian pediatric dentistry profession has grown significantly with the use of e-media.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Oral Health in Psychiatric Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India
Authors: Bathla Shalu Chandna , Singh Angad Harshbir , Bathla Manish , Sahoonja Chahat , Usmani Sana Bano , Yadav Ekta 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dentists frequently treat patients who have noticeable abnormal behavior as well as patients who have psychiatric disorders that are not easily identified. The Psychiatrist usually ignore the oral health and hygiene whereas the Dentist usually ignore the psychological health of the patients. Some patients may be so disturbed that personal hygiene is neglected; leading the patients to neglect oral hygiene and the resultant accumulation of plaque is detrimental to the periodontal tissues.

Methods:
237 of the 530 patients presenting to Psychiatry OPD who met the inclusion criteria patients between the age group of 18-60 years, drug-naive patients with a diagnosis of mental illness according to the International classification of diseases – 10. The patients, with co-morbid mental retardation, suffering from neurological conditions, and physical handicap, were excluded from the study sample. The patients requiring emergency treatment due to severity of their psychiatric illness were also excluded.

Results:
Among the wide range of psychiatric disorder, it was observed that there is a total lack oral health awareness; a slightly better awareness was observed amongst the neurotic disorders; the worst were amongst the psychotic and mood disorders.

Conclusions:
Poor oral health is the gateway to the overall health. The psychoeducation to the patients and the family member must include the need and awareness towards oral hygiene in addition to the other points. A consultation liaison model must be in place to address these needs of the psychiatric patients as they are hesitant and ignorant towards their oral health.
Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercises (mini CEX) as Formative Assessment Tool in Pediatric Postgraduate Education
Authors: Pathak Sunil , Patel Pooja , Rasania Manish , Modi Prashant 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Although there is an increasing emphasis on workplace-based assessment (WPBA) during postgraduate medical education, the current assessment relies mainly on summative assessment. Formative assessment is less valued and done only to fulfill regulatory requirements. Various methods have been described for WPBA; mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) is one of them. Mini-CEX is incorporated well in Western countries, but in India, it is rarely used.

Aim and Objectives:
The objective is to assess acceptability and feasibility of Mini-CEX as a formative assessment tool during pediatric postgraduation.

Methodology:
Twenty-one postgraduates and 10 faculty participated in the study. A total of 93 sessions were conducted, 65 with 3rd year and 28 with 2nd year residents. The perception of faculty and students about feasibility and acceptability was taken by a prevalidated questionnaire based on the Likert scale. Epi-Info 7.2.2.6 was used for data analysis. Percentage, ratio, mean, and median were calculated. The qualitative data were pooled, and conclusions were derived.

Results:
Ninety percent of faculty agreed mini-CEX can be adopted as a formative assessment tool, it is feasible with current time limit and existing faculties. Ninety percent of faculty opined that mini-CEX will not have an adverse impact on current teaching–learning and assessment activity and it had a positive impact on their attitude toward postgraduate teaching. 70% of residents found that it is a useful method.

Conclusions:
Mini-CEX is a useful formative assessment tool, feasible and can be adopted in postgraduate medical education.
Mean and Normalized Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values and Mean Metabolic Ratios in Cerebral Metastases in Central Indian Rural Hospital Setup
Authors: Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Gowda Harshith , Bhansali Pratik , Vadlamudi Nagendra , Raj Nishant 
Published: February 2023

Background:
To evaluate mean metabolite ratios and Apparent diffusion co-efficient value with normalization in cerebral metastases using MRS in rural hospital setup in Central India.

Method:
A cross sectional hospital based observational study conducted over a time period of 2 years. All the cases registered with Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, diagnosed on histopathological findings as cerebral metastases were included in this present study. All patients were examined on GE Brivo MRI machine with 1.5 Tesla magnetic field strength in the Department of Radiodiagnosis using b value of 1000 s/sq. mm, slice thickness 5mm, interslice gap 2mm applied in the x, y and z axes, central as well as peripheral portions of the tumor were manually sampled, preferably getting rid of cystic or necrotic areas. Histopathological diagnostic acumen was augmented with ADC values with normalization.

Result:
Range of ADC values observed was from 0.683 10-3 mm2/s to 0.873 10-3 mm2/s. Normalized ADC values were calculated on basis of observed ADC values and were in range of 0.8537510-3 mm2/s to 1.09125 10-3 mm2/s. Mean ADC value was calculated as 0.749 x 10-3 mm2/s. Mean normalised ADC value was calculated to be 0.9372 x 10-3 mm2/s. Observed metabolite ratios were derived from metabolic values obtained on MRS for Choline, Creatinine, Lipid lactate, myoinositol and n-acetyl aspartate. Range for Choline:Creatinine, Choline:n-acetyl aspartate, choline : myoinositol and choline : lipid lactate was 3.97 to 5.73, 3.24 to 5.76, 4.35 to 5.49 and 0.32 to 0.997 respectively. Mean values for Choline:Creatinine, Choline:n-acetyl aspartate, choline : myoinositol and choline : lipid lactate were 4.1289, 3.7838, 4.1256 and 0.9095 respectively.

Conclusion:
Research gap analysis towards which research question was framed stands filled up by the generated new knowledge in terms of 'Mean metabolite ratios','Apparent Diffusion Coefficient' and 'Normalised Apparent Diffusion Coefficient' values for cerebral metastases in the present study.
Association between Perceived Social Support and Self-management in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Baharian Elahe , Abolhassani Shahla , Alijani Marzieh 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
The physiological and psychological limitations resulting from multiple sclerosis (MS) can decrease social interactions. Furthermore, self-management has become popular in the control of chronic diseases such as MS. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and self-management in MS patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted for the years 2019–2020. Patients were recruited through the MS clinic located in Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, by convenience sampling. The research was performed on a group of 212 MS patients who completed a Medical outcome study social support scale (MOS-SSS), the MS Self-Management Scale, and basic clinical and demographic data. SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the collected data.

Results:
The study sample included 57 men and 155 women (73.1%). Examining the relationship between perceived social support and self-management revealed a strong correlation between them (r
2 = 0.60, P < 0.001). The results of regression analysis showed that self-management in people with academic education was statistically significantly greater than in those without (b [Standard Error] = 6.83 [2.58], P = 0.009). Furthermore, the amount of perceived social support was increasing significantly for females in comparison to males (b [SE] = 6.04 [1.58], P = 0.03). Moreover, the mean of perceived social support was greater between married (b [SE] = 3.31 [1.56], P = 0.007) people and also between academic (b [SE] = 7.43 [3.56], P = 0.03) MS patients.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that social support was associated with self-management in MS patients. This understanding should be applied in clinical practice when targeting and designing education, support, and care for MS patients.
Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Kakul Filzah , Javed Sarah 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Internet addiction is currently considered a worldwide problem, with a possible impact on mental health. Young adults are recognized to be at high risk of developing Internet gaming disorder (IGD). According to a recent clinical model, young adults with IGD may endorse a distinct set of maladaptive beliefs that underlie persistent and excessive engagement in Internet gaming activities. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of problematic gaming beliefs and psychological distress in a sample of “Indian Young Adults” with and without IGD.

Methods:
The research is descriptive in nature, conducted during the month of April 2022–May 2022 on a sample of 306 young adults (185 males and 121 females) recruited from multiple universities. A Google form survey that included validated measures of IGDs, Internet gaming cognition, and psychological distress were distributed on various online platforms for collecting the data.

Results:
According to the findings, young adults with IGD report significantly higher maladaptive gaming beliefs (t = 16.199, P < 0.001) and psychological distress (depression - t = 12.11. P = < 0.001 and anxiety/stress - t = 10.95, P = < 0.001) than young adults without IGD. The size of observed effects was large for cognition (Cohen's d = 2.14), depression (Cohen's d = 2.14), and anxiety/stress (Cohen's d = 1.96). The sample also reported strong correlation between IGD symptoms and gaming cognitions (P = <0.001). Further hierarchical regression analysis revealed depression variables as a significant predictors in the final model (β = 0.212, P = 0.002, confidence interval [CI] = 0.219–0.944) and overvaluation (β = 0.196, P = 0.020, CI = 0.048–0.545), maladaptive rules (β = 0.334, P = 0.003, CI = 0.117–0.551), and gaming social acceptance (β = 0.272, P = 0.001, CI = 0.190–0.693) as the three strongest cognition predictors of IGD symptoms.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that young adults with IGD have distinct problematic thoughts about gaming and highlight the importance of addressing these cognitions in therapeutic interventions for the disorder.
Depression and Associated Factors Among in-School Adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Alinnor Ezioma Anne , Okeafor Chukwuma Ugochukwu 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Depression is projected to become the leading cause of disability as well as the leading contributor to the global burden of disease by 2030. Depression in adolescents is a public health concern as it increases the risk of substance abuse, relationship difficulties, suicide, and poor academic performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among adolescents.

Methods:
This was a school-based cross-sectional study involving 1428 adolescents aged 10–19 years in secondary schools in the Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Adolescents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic and family structure were obtained using a self-administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The presence of depression was determined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Adolescents with BDI scores of ≥18 were categorized as depressed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at P < 0.05.

Results:
Of the 1428 adolescents recruited, 563 (39.4%) were males. The mean age was 14.30 ± 2.04 years. The prevalence of depression was 21.9% (n = 313). Significantly higher odds of depression were reported among females (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.447; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.107–1.891; P = 0.007), low socioeconomic status (AOR: 1.409; 95% CI: 1.064–1.865; P = 0.017), and family structures that were not monogamous (AOR: 1.586;95% CI: 1.152–2.183; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Depression is not uncommon among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. In addition to the inclusion of screening for depression in the school health program, measures to reduce the burden are advocated, especially among female adolescents and adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
Un serious game para el desarrollo de las capacidades expresivas corporales y el conocimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (A serious game for the development of body expressive skills and knowledge of sustainable development goals)
Authors: Sotoca Orgaz Pablo , Herrador Varo Miriam , Hernández Gándara Ana , Arévalo Baeza Marta 
Published: February 2023

Se presentan los resultados de una intervención educativa desarrollada en el ámbito universitario que pone en valor el potencial de los juegos de mesa en el aula y su repercusión en el aprendizaje dentro del contexto de las metodologías activas. Este serious game se crea principalmente desde un doble propósito, por un lado, como recurso para la mejora de habilidades y competencias expresivas en Educación Física y, por otro, como herramienta de transformación social que invita a profundizar en el conocimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), trabajando de manera transversal estas metas globales marcadas por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) en la denominada Agenda 2030. El juego de mesa Dixit Mutatio, creado a partir de un juego comercial premiado internacionalmente, se ha adaptado a través del uso inspirador de la fotografía, las respuestas a partir del teatro imagen y las dinámicas de creación colectiva. A partir de las valoraciones que comparte el alumnado en un cuestionario y la observación directa realizada por el profesorado durante la experiencia, se evidencia la utilidad de este recurso didáctico y su puesta en práctica en el contexto universitario.
Palabras clave: Juegos de mesa, juegos serios, Educación física, Expresión corporal, Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Abstract. We present the results of an educational intervention developed in the university environment that highlights the potential benefits of board games in the classroom and their impact on learning within the context of active methodologies. This serious game was created with a dual purpose: on the one hand, as a resource for improving expressive skills and competences in Physical Education and, on the other, as a tool for social transformation that invites us to deepen our knowledge of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), working transversally on these global goals set by the United Nations (UN) in the so-called Agenda 2030. The board game Dixit Mutatio, created from an internationally awarded commercial game, has been adapted through the inspirational use of photography, responses based on image theatre and collective creation dynamics. The usefulness of this didactic resource and its implementation in the university context is demonstrated on the basis of evaluations shared in a questionnaire by the students and direct observation carried out by the teaching staff during the experience.
Key Words: Board games; serious games; Physical education; Corporal expression; Sustainable Development Goals.
Integrating Diffusion of Innovations and Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Intention to Adopt Electric Vehicles in Rwanda
Authors: Chukwuma Paul 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Integration of the theory of planned behaviour and the Diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory to examine EVs low adoption intention in Rwanda.
Methodology: The research model involved the integration of the Theory of planned behaviour and the Diffusion of innovation. To build the conceptual framework, over 50 articles were collected from Google scholar and summarised using meta-analysis. Two hundred and twenty participants were surveyed in person using a questionnaire, with each construct having at least three questions to run the Partial least squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Data were analysed using SmartPLS 4.0.
Findings: The study found that two factors of the Theory of planned behaviour TPB- attitudes and perceived behavioural control- positively impact EVs adoption intention while subjective norm does not. Three factors of diffusion of innovation (DOI)- trialability, compatibility, and observability- positively impact attitude towards EV adoption.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Findings from the research explain the low adoption of electric vehicles in Rwanda. They can serve as an objective basis for policymakers to upscale EV uptake in Rwanda and brings to perspective the context of Rwanda on factors of EV adoption.
Predictor of Dengue Shock Syndrome Among Pediatric Dengue Infection in Limited Resource Setting
Authors: Cecilia Cindy , Sugianto Julius Albert 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Indonesia has the most dengue outbreaks in the ASEAN region. Lack of diagnostic modality and poor sanitation especially in rural area hinders proper and prompt management of Dengue Fever.
Aim: Finding the early, simple, and reliable predictor of Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study reviewing the medical record of pediatric patient with dengue infection from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2016 were conducted. Age, gender, dengue signs, and simple laboratory result were collected. The data acquired were then analyzed using logistic regression for multivariate analysis (P<0,05) to find the severity predictor.
Results: 80 cases of dengue infection were included, mean age was 7,7 ± 3.4 years old, the average length of hospital stay was 4.59 days. 28.75% of patients had DSS. From the multivariate analysis, it is found that lethargy (p= 0.00; OR 21.23), bleeding (p= 0.01; OR 0,04), cold extremities (p=0.00;OR=22.35), and increased haematocrit level (p=0.01;OR=4.72) has significant relationship with DSS while other indicator did not.
Conclusion: Patients presenting with lethargy, cold extremities, and increase in haematocrit level should be treated promptly and intensively as they are more likely to develop DSS compared to patients who did not.
Eyelid Abscess with Dacryocystitis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Chee Yik Chang  
Published: February 2023

ANSWER
Melioidosis is an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is a Gram-negative, saprophytic bacterium. Melioidosis can present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, visceral organ abscesses, neurological disease, bone/ joint infection, and bacteraemia (Cheng & Currrie, 2005). Ocular disease is a rare presentation of melioidosis; periorbital or orbital cellulitis, eyelid abscess, endophthalmitis, and panuveitis were among the reported cases (Yaisawang et al., 2018; Chang, 2020). Eyelid abscess due to melioidosis is treated with surgical drainage and antimicrobial therapy, which consists of intensive phase (ceftazidime or meropenem) and eradication phase (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) (Dance, 2014).
Clinicians should maintain a high index of clinical suspicion of melioidosis in patients presenting with eyelid abscess in areas where melioidosis is endemic. Hence, antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly in suspicious cases, and surgical drainage of the abscess is a crucial aspect of management besides standard antibiotic therapy.