bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil amendment with biochar and manure alters wood stake decomposition and fungal community composition
Authors: Zhao Ruirui , Liu Yong , Gundale Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiochar and manure can be used for sustainable land management. However, little is known about how soil amendments might affect surface and belowground microbial processes and subsequent wood decomposition. In a split‐split‐split plot design, we amended soil with two rates of manure (whole plot; 0 and 9 Mg ha−1) and biochar (split plot; 0 and 10 Mg ha−1). Wood stakes of three species (hybrid poplar, triploid Populus tomentosa Carr.; aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.; and pine, Pinus taeda L.) were placed in two positions (horizontally on the soil surface, and inserted vertically in the mineral soil), which served as a substrate for fungal growth. In 3 years, the decomposition rate (density loss), moisture content, and fungal community (via high‐throughput sequencing methods) of stakes were evaluated. Results indicated that biochar and/or manure increased the wood stake decomposition rates, moisture content, and operational taxonomic unit abundance. However, the richness and diversity of fungi were dependent on wood stake position (surface > mineral), species (pine > the two Populus), and sample dates. This study highlights that soil amendment with biochar and/or manure can alter the fungal community, which in turn can enhance an important soil process (i.e., decomposition).
Clinical utility of postablation liver tumor biopsy and possibility of gene mutation analysis
Authors: Nakatsuka Takuma , Nakagawa Hayato , Uchino Koji , Rokutan Hirofumi , Tanaka Mariko , Moriyama Makoto , Fukumoto Tsuyoshi , Yamada Tomoharu , Wake Taijiro , Nakagomi Ryo , Sato Masaya , Minami Tatsuya , Kudo Yotaro , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Tateishi Ryosuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is regarded as a first‐line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage. When treated with RFA, tumor biopsy may not be performed due to the risk of neoplastic seeding. We previously revealed that the risk of neoplastic seeding is significantly reduced by performing biopsies after RFA. In this study, we investigated the possibility of pathological evaluation and gene mutation analysis of post‐RFA tumor specimens.MethodsRadiofrequency ablation was undertaken on diethylnitrosamine‐induced mouse liver tumor, and tumor samples with or without RFA were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Post‐RFA human liver tumor specimens were used for detection of TERT promoter mutations and pathological assessment.ResultsThe average somatic mutation rate, sites of mutation, and small indels and base transition patterns were comparable between the nontreated and post‐RFA tumors. We identified 684 sites of nonsynonymous somatic substitutions in the nontreated tumor and 704 sites of nonsynonymous somatic substitutions in the post‐RFA tumor, with approximately 85% in common. In the human post‐RFA samples, the TERT promoter mutations were successfully detected in 40% of the cases. Pathological evaluation was possible with post‐RFA specimens, and in one case, the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made.ConclusionOur findings suggest that post‐RFA liver tumor biopsy is a useful and safe method for obtaining tumor samples that can be used for gene mutation analysis and for pathological assessment.
Na2GdMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphors for three‐mode optical temperature sensing
Authors: Chen JunYu , Li LianJie , Pang Tao , Guo Hai , Chen LiPing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMulti‐mode optical thermometry is emerging as a promising technique for accurate temperature measurement. Here, a series of Na2GdMg2V3O12:Sm3+ (NGMVO:xSm3+) phosphors with dual‐emission centers were successfully elaborated. Irradiated by 349 nm light, NGMVO:Sm3+ can generate emissions from VO43− and Sm3+ simultaneously due to energy transfer between them. Benefitting from difference of thermal quenching performance of two luminescent centers, fluorescence intensity (FI), fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR), and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate modes of NGMVO:Sm3+ thermometer were designed. Maximum relative sensitivities (SR) are found to be as high as 2.21 %K−1, 2.12 %K−1, and 0.244 %K−1, respectively. Besides, with temperature increasing, SR values of FI and FIR modes decrease slowly. Their minimal SR values between 303 and 513 K maintain above 1.36 %K−1 and 1.08 %K−1, respectively. Our findings reveal that NGMVO:Sm3+ phosphors have promising applications for multimode temperature senor.
Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47 induced autophagy and inhibited cell migration in HMC3 cells via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway
Authors: Xie Lin , Li Wei , Zheng Xin‐Qi , Liu Li‐Li , Lin Li‐Rong , Niu Jian‐Jun , Yang Tian‐Ci 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe migratory ability of microglia facilitates their rapid transport to a site of injury to kill and remove pathogens. However, the effect of Treponema pallidum membrane proteins on microglia migration remains unclear. The effect of Tp47 on the migration ability and autophagy and related mechanisms were investigated using the human microglial clone 3 cell line. Tp47 inhibited microglia migration, the expression of autophagy‐associated protein P62 decreased, the expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II/LC3‐I increased, and the autophagic flux increased in this process. Furthermore, autophagy was significantly inhibited, and microglial cell migration was significantly increased after neutralisation with an anti‐Tp47 antibody. In addition, Tp47 significantly inhibited the expression of p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐mTOR proteins, and the sequential activation of steps in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways effectively prevented Tp47‐induced autophagy. Moreover, Tp47 significantly inhibited the expression of p‐FOXO1 protein and promoted FOXO1 nuclear translocation. Inhibition of FOXO1 effectively suppressed Tp47‐induced activation of autophagy and inhibition of migration. Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47‐induced autophagy and inhibited cell migration in HMC3 Cells via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. These data will contribute to understanding the mechanism by which T. pallidum escapes immune killing and clearance after invasion into the central nervous system.
Validating a Caregiving Rewarding Feelings scale among family caregivers of those diagnosed with schizophrenia in China
Authors: Tong Xiaoliang , Li Tongxin , Xi Shijun , Yu Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionA culturally adaptive and easy‐to‐administer 12‐item Caregiving Rewarding Feelings (CRF) scale has been developed in China yet never published in English and validated in another population.AimThe current study aimed to validate the CRF among a community sample of Chinese caregivers of those diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodA sample of 449 family caregivers was recruited for scale validation that included factorial validity, construct validity, measurement invariance, item analysis, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, known‐group validity, convergent validity and divergent validity.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported the a priori three‐factor structure. Construct validity was supported by high standard regression weight (SRW) and average variance extracted (AVE), measurement invariance across age and gender groups. The CRF showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Known‐group validity was confirmed by the higher CRF scores among caregivers with certain socio‐demographics. The convergent validity of the CRF was supported by its positive correlations with social support, active coping and family functioning. The divergent validity of the CRF was supported by its negative associations with stigma, stress and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the reliability and validity of the CRF specifically designed for caregivers in Chinese culture.Implications for PracticeThe CRF may be further applied and validated in other populations and other countries.
Combined use of the ELF test and CLivD score improves prediction of liver‐related outcomes in the general population
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Saarinen Kustaa , Jula Antti , Lundqvist Annamari , Vihervaara Terhi , Erlund Iris , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsEffective and feasible population screening strategies are needed for the early detection of individuals at high risk of future severe liver‐related outcomes. We evaluated the predictive performance of the combination of liver fibrosis assessment, phenotype profile, and genetic risk.MethodsData from 5795 adults attending the Finnish Health 2000 Survey were linked with healthcare registers for liver‐related outcomes (hospitalization, hepatocellular cancer, and death). Fibrosis was assessed using the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test, phenotype profile by the chronic liver disease (CLivD) risk score, and genetic risk by a validated Polygenic Risk Score (PRS‐5). Predictive performance was assessed by competing‐risk analyses.ResultsDuring a median 13‐year follow‐up, 64 liver‐related outcome events were recorded. ELF, CLivD score, and PRS‐5 were independently associated with liver‐related outcomes. The absolute 10‐year risk of liver‐related outcomes at an ELF value of 11.3 ranged from 0.3% to 33% depending on the CLivD score. The CLivD score added 51% of new predictive information to the ELF test and improved areas under the curve (AUCs) from 0.91, 0.81, and 0.71 for ELF alone to 0.95, 0.85, and 0.80, respectively, for ELF combined with the CLivD score at 1, 5, and 10 years. The greatest improvement was for 10‐year predictions (delta‐AUC 0.097, p < .0001). Adding PRS‐5 did not significantly increase predictive performance. Findings were consistent in individuals with obesity, diabetes, or alcohol risk use, and regardless of whether gamma‐glutamyltransferase was used in the CLivD score.ConclusionA combination of ELF and CLivD score predicts liver‐related outcomes significantly better than the ELF test alone.
Exploring mentorship in surgery: An interview study on how people stick together
Authors: Enani Ghada N. , Brydges Ryan , MacRae Helen M. , Louridas Marisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective is to explore the processes contributing to how and why mentors and mentees initiate, maintain and grow in their mentorship relationships in surgery.BackgroundTo explore the processes contributing to how and why mentors and mentees initiate, maintain and grow their mentorship relationships in surgery. Evidence suggests that mentorship has a positive impact on physicians' success. Consequently, mentorship programmes have been incorporated into many medicine environments, albeit with variable success.MethodsWe designed an interview‐based study using a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore the dynamics of mentorship between junior and experienced surgeons. Recruited mentees were asked to nominate a senior surgeon they identified as a mentor. Both mentee and mentors were then interviewed separately. Transcripts were analysed using constant comparison to a create a final coding framework and to generate themes.ResultsWe interviewed nine faculty mentors and 10 junior faculty mentees. Our analysis identified key themes describing how to initiate, maintain and grow a mentorship relationship. Mentorship starts with ensuring a ‘good fit’, persists through satisfying a reciprocal loop with timely communication and deepens the relationship through cycles of mutual investment, learning, and success. Participants also discussed how to navigate through tensions to avoid relationship breakdown, balancing formality and friendship, knowing when to transition a relationship to a new dynamic and finding areas of realistic contribution.ConclusionsWe found that successful mentorship relationships are viewed as dynamic and thus require active investment and shared responsibility between mentees and mentors. Our results also emphasise the value of co‐regulation in the relationship, where cycles of mutual investment can contribute to mutual learning and growth.
Identification of CgeA as a glycoprotein that anchors polysaccharides to the spore surface in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Nakaya Yusei , Uchiike Miu , Hattori Mayuko , Moriyama Momoka , Abe Kimihiro , Kim Ella , Eichenberger Patrick , Imamura Daisuke , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Bacillus subtilis spore is composed of a core, containing chromosomal DNA, surrounded by a cortex layer made of peptidoglycan, and a coat composed of concentric proteinaceous layers. A polysaccharide layer is added to the spore surface, and likely anchored to the crust, the coat outermost layer. However, the identity of the coat protein(s) to which the spore polysaccharides (SPS) are attached is uncertain. First, we showed that the crust proteins CotVWXYZ and CgeA were all contained in the peeled SPS layer obtained from a strain missing CotE, the outer coat morphogenetic protein, suggesting that the SPS is indeed bound to at least one of the spore surface proteins. Second, CgeA is known to be located at the most downstream position in the crust assembly pathway. An analysis of truncated variants of CgeA suggested that its N‐terminal half is required for localization to the spore surface, while its C‐terminal half is necessary for SPS addition. Third, an amino acid substitution strategy revealed that SPS was anchored at threonine 112 (T112), which constitutes a probable O‐glycosylation site on CgeA. Our results indicated that CgeA is a glycoprotein required to initiate SPS assembly and serves as an anchor protein linking the crust and SPS layers.
A chitin deacetylase PsCDA2 from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici confers disease pathogenicity by suppressing chitin‐triggered immunity in wheat
Authors: Xiao Muye , Chen Dezhi , Liu Saifei , Chen Anle , Fang Anfei , Tian Binnian , Yu Yang , Bi Chaowei , Kang Zhensheng , Yang Yuheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants have the ability to recognize the essential chitin molecule present in the fungal cell wall, which stimulates the immune response. Phytopathogenic fungi have developed various strategies to inhibit the chitin‐triggered immune response. Here, we identified a chitin deacetylase of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), known as PsCDA2, that was induced during the initial invasion of wheat and acted as an inhibitor of plant cell death. Knockdown of PsCDA2 in wheat enhanced its resistance against Pst, highlighting the significance of PsCDA2 in the host–pathogen interaction. Moreover, PsCDA2 can protect Pst urediniospores from being damaged by host chitinase in vitro. PsCDA2 also suppressed the basal chitin‐induced plant immune response, including the accumulation of callose and the expression of defence genes. Overall, our results demonstrate that Pst secretes PsCDA2 as a chitin deacetylase involved in establishing infection and modifying the acetyl group to prevent the breakdown of chitin in the cell wall by host endogenous chitinases. Our research unveils a mechanism by which the fungus suppresses plant immunity, further contributing to the understanding of wheat stripe rust control. This information could have significant implications for the development of suitable strategies for protecting crops against the devastating effects of this disease.
The Effect of Immigration on Occupational Injuries: Evidence from Administrative Data*
Authors: Alacevich Caterina , Nicodemo Catia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe task specialization literature suggests that migrant workers concentrate on physically intensive occupations, pushing natives towards less‐risky jobs. What is the effect of immigration on the severity of work‐related injuries? By matching administrative data on work‐related injuries and residence registries in Italy, this paper shows that migrant inflows lead to a reduction of physical impairment and injury‐related paid sick leave for native workers, independently from occupation and sector transitions. The effect is largest in manufacturing and construction and among the eldest employees. The analysis exploits spatial and temporal variation in foreign‐born residents' province shares and an instrumental variable strategy based on historical co‐national local settlements. To rationalize the underlying mechanism, we show that migrant workers sort into risky occupations and we study workforce composition effects. We rule out that the effect is due to higher unemployment among natives with lower education, more exposed to injury risks, or to native workers' local migration. Longitudinal worker‐level data from the Labor Force Survey show that native workers' transitions between sectors and occupations in response to immigration are not significant. Hence, our results suggest that the reduction in injury severity may result from a reallocation of riskier tasks from native workers, especially of older ages, to migrant workers, even when occupational transitions do not occur.
Real‐life data on the workload of cardiac implantable electronic device remote monitoring in a large tertiary center
Authors: Sane Markus , Annukka Marjamaa , Toni Jäntti , Elina Pennanen , Charlotte Aura , Eeva Torvinen , Leena Karjalainen , Pekka Raatikainen , Jarkko Karvonen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and implantable loop recorders (ILR) are increasingly monitored by systems allowing remote transmission of data from the patient to the hospital. Remote monitoring (RM) has been shown to increase patient satisfaction and safety. However, real‐life data on the number and causes of the RM transmissions, and actions initiated by them are scarce.MethodsA total of 3446 patients with CIED and 92 patients with ILR were included in the study. Data on the number of alerts, scheduled and patient‐initiated transmissions as well as the causes and actions initiated by the transmissions were systematically collected from March 1 to December 30, 2022. The data was subdivided by the device type.ResultsDuring the study period 7087 remote CIED and 1212 ILR transmissions were generated, (0.2 and 1.3 per patient per month), respectively. Of these transmissions 49% (4084) were automatic alerts, and 29% (2434) and 22% (1781) were scheduled and patient initiated, respectively. Most of the CIED alerts (73%) and the scheduled transmissions (90%) were nonactionable, and only 7% and 5% led to in‐office follow‐up, respectively. Off all ILR alerts (1011) PM implantation was scheduled to 11 patients.ConclusionsRM transmissions were common, but most of them were nonactionable. These real‐life findings indicate that detailed analysis of the causes of the RM transmissions is important for optimization of the remote follow‐up workload.
Prenatal ultrasound use and risk of autism spectrum disorder: Findings from the case‐control Study to Explore Early Development
Authors: Christensen Deborah , Pazol Karen , Overwyk Katherine J. , England Lucinda J. , Alexander Aimee A. , Croen Lisa A. , Dowling Nicole F. , Schieve Laura A. , Tian Lin H. , Tinker Sarah C. , Windham Gayle C. , Callaghan William M. , Shapira Stuart K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating the association between prenatal ultrasounds and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have largely produced negative results. Concern remains due to the rising identification of children with ASD and ultrasound use.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between prenatal ultrasound use and ASD.MethodsWe used data from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multisite case‐control study of preschool‐aged children with ASD implemented during 2007–2012. We recruited cases from children receiving developmental disability services and randomly selected population controls from birth records. ASD case status was based on in‐person standardised assessments. We stratified analyses by pre‐existing maternal medical conditions and pregnancy complications associated with increased ultrasound use (ultrasound indications) and used logistic regression to model case status by increasing ultrasound counts. For pregnancies with medical record data on ultrasound timing, we conducted supplementary tests to model associations by trimester of exposure.ResultsAmong 1524 singleton pregnancies, ultrasound indications were more common for ASD cases than controls; respectively, for each group, no indications were reported for 45.1% and 54.2% of pregnancies, while ≥2 indications were reported for 26.1% and 18.4% of pregnancies. The percentage of pregnancies with multiple ultrasounds varied by case status and the presence of ultrasound indications. However, stratified regression models showed no association between increasing ultrasound counts and case status, either for pregnancies without (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92, 1.11) or with ultrasound indications (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95, 1.08). Trimester‐specific analyses using medical record data showed no association in any individual trimester.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that prenatal ultrasound use increases ASD risk. Study strengths included gold‐standard assessments for ASD case classification, comparison of cases with controls, and a stratified sample to account for conditions associated both with increased prenatal ultrasound use and ASD.
Divergent reactions to COVID‐19 exhibited in grandiose and vulnerable narcissism
Authors: Ozkum S. Burak , Lannin Daniel G. , Wu Shengtian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGrandiosity and vulnerability are distinct dimensions of narcissism that may exhibit differences regarding compliance with COVID‐19 regulations and policies. Although both dimensions reflect entitlement and self‐importance, motivational tendencies diverge. Narcissistic grandiosity reflects bold expressions consistent with approach motivation, whereas vulnerable narcissism reflects reactive expressions consistent with avoidance motivation. Therefore, the present cross‐sectional investigation explored these relations between November 2020 and April 2021. Undergraduates (N = 487, Mage = 19.79, 87.1% women) completed online surveys that assessed grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID, attitudes and reactions toward COVID policies, as well as self‐reported behavioral data including number of daily hours out in public, indoor bar/restaurant attendance, and whether they had ever received a positive COVID diagnosis. Consistent with theoretical distinctions between the two narcissistic dimensions, grandiosity generally predicted reduced behavioral compliance and extraverted tendencies that put them at risk for COVID exposure; however, both grandiosity and vulnerability predicted worse reactions and attitudes toward COVID‐19 policies.