bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global perspective on food fraud with special emphasis on the prevalence of food fraud practices and policies in Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Waqas , Akhtar Aqsa , ur Rahman Hafiz Ubaid , Sami Abdul , Khalid Nauman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFood supply chains worldwide are under threat from food adulteration and food fraud during various stages of production and storage, and the incidence of such fraudulent practices has been increasing. Many food regulatory authorities have been established over the years on either side of the globe, contributing to food safety and the creation of awareness regarding food frauds. One of the world's most populous countries, Pakistan is home to a multicultural and multiethnic society, and the people across the country consume a variety of processed and non‐processed foods. In this regard, multiple food safety and food quality control standards are in place, aimed at alleviation of food fraud, and production and provision of safe food in Pakistan. Moreover, many regulatory bodies such as the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority, apart from providing food consultation, testing, and certification services, are working to regulate and enforce quality standards, ensuring safe food production and distribution, and correct labeling. At the provincial level, regulatory bodies are actively working to achieve similar objectives, and their portfolio includes inspections of food establishments throughout their respective jurisdictions and the imposition of penalties for violations.
Spontaneous emission from excited quantum kinks
Authors: Evslin Jarah , Martín-Caro Alberto García 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many kink solutions enjoy internal excitations, called shape modes. In some 1+1d scalar models, such as the ϕ4 double-well model, when a kink’s shape mode is excited twice it may decay to a ground state kink plus a meson. We analytically calculate the decay rates of both the twice-excited shape mode and also a coherent state corresponding to the classically excited shape mode. In the case of the ϕ4 model, we find that the latter agrees with the classical result of Manton and Merabet.
Multi-critical points in black hole phase transitions
Authors: Tavakoli Masoumeh , Wu Jerry , Mann Robert B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present the first examples in black hole thermodynamics of multicritical phase transitions, in which more than three distinct black hole phases merge at a critical point. Working in the context of non-linear electrodynamics, we explicitly present examples of black hole quadruple and quintuple points, and demonstrate how n-tuple critical points can be obtained. Our results indicate that black holes can have multiple phases beyond the three types observed so far, resembling the behaviour of multicomponent chemical systems. We discuss the interpretation of our results in the context of the Gibbs Phase Rule.
Influence of Ingestion of Game Meat on Blood Concentration of Lead in Southern Germany: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wepler Martin , Schreckenberg Jan , Paul Bastian , Fröba Gebhard , Muth Claus-Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsumption of game meat may exert additional lead exposure with potential health risks. The purpose of the present pilot study was to determine blood lead concentration in game meat and no game meat consumers in southern Germany. Concentration of lead in blood (µg·L− 1) was significantly higher in game meat consumers (n = 190; 21.3 [20.0; 29.7]) compared to study participants consuming no game meat (n = 74; 20.0 [20.0; 20.0], p < 0.0001). In study participants with no game meat consumption, blood lead concentration was significantly higher in those who perform active hunting (80.3 [50.5; 110.0]) as well as active shooting (80.3 [50.5; 110.0]) than in those with no hunting or shooting activities (20.0 [20.0; 20.0], p < 0.01). In conclusion, game meat consumers as well as active hunters and shooters should take in to account their potential for an increased lead exposure and the corresponding health risks.
“Just” accuracy? Procedural fairness demands explainability in AI-based medical resource allocations
Authors: Rueda Jon , Rodríguez Janet Delgado , Jounou Iris Parra , Hortal-Carmona Joaquín , Ausín Txetxu , Rodríguez-Arias David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI) to healthcare raises both hope and ethical concerns. Some advanced machine learning methods provide accurate clinical predictions at the expense of a significant lack of explainability. Alex John London has defended that accuracy is a more important value than explainability in AI medicine. In this article, we locate the trade-off between accurate performance and explainable algorithms in the context of distributive justice. We acknowledge that accuracy is cardinal from outcome-oriented justice because it helps to maximize patients’ benefits and optimizes limited resources. However, we claim that the opaqueness of the algorithmic black box and its absence of explainability threatens core commitments of procedural fairness such as accountability, avoidance of bias, and transparency. To illustrate this, we discuss liver transplantation as a case of critical medical resources in which the lack of explainability in AI-based allocation algorithms is procedurally unfair. Finally, we provide a number of ethical recommendations for when considering the use of unexplainable algorithms in the distribution of health-related resources.
Primary ovarian leiomyoma: a rare ovarian tumour
Authors: Pervan Mascha , Gembicki Michael , Princk Henriette , Rody Achim , Hanker Lars , Hemptenmacher Franziska , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter performing laparoscopic unilateral adnexectomy in a 53-year-old woman for a rapidly grown unilateral adnexal mass, pathologists reported a primary ovarian leiomyoma with no genuine ovarian tissue. This rare diagnosis is found in less than 100 reports after systematic literature review, a greater number of asymptomatic ovarian leiomyomas can be expected. Thorough preoperative diagnostic measures are essential as rare cases of malignancy have been described.
MAl4Ir2 (M = Ca, Sr, Eu): superstructures of the KAu4In2 type
Authors: Zaremba Nazar , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Stegemann Frank , Hlukhyy Viktor , Engel Stefan , Klenner Steffen , Pöttgen Rainer , Janka Oliver 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree new iridium aluminum intermetallics CaAl4Ir2, SrAl4Ir2, and EuAl4Ir2 were synthesized from the elements using silica or tantalum ampoules. They crystallize in the tetragonal crystal system with space group P4/ncc and lattice parameters of a = 782.20(1) and c = 779.14(2) pm for CaAl4Ir2, a = 797.62(1) and c = 772.75(2) pm for SrAl4Ir2, and finally a = 791.78(5) and c = 773.31(5) pm for EuAl4Ir2. All compounds crystallize isostructurally and adopt a new structure type that can be derived from the KAu4In2 type structure. To compare the structures from a crystallographic point of view, a group–subgroup relation between KAu4In2 and EuAl4Ir2 as well as KAu4In2 and KAu4Sn2 have been established using the Bärnighausen formalism. Finally, quantum-chemical calculations have been conducted, showing that in all three title compounds, a polyanionic [Al4Ir2]δ– network exists with significant (polar) bonding interactions, while the respective Caδ+, Srδ+, and Euδ+ cations are located in octagonal channels.
Graphical abstract
Using soft maximin for risk averse multi-objective decision-making
Authors: Smith Benjamin J. , Klassert Robert , Pihlakas Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBalancing multiple competing and conflicting objectives is an essential task for any artificial intelligence tasked with satisfying human values or preferences. Conflict arises both from misalignment between individuals with competing values, but also between conflicting value systems held by a single human. Starting with principle of loss-aversion, we designed a set of soft maximin function approaches to multi-objective decision-making. Bench-marking these functions in a set of previously-developed environments, we found that one new approach in particular, ‘split-function exp-log loss aversion’ (SFELLA), learns faster than the state of the art thresholded alignment objective method Vamplew (Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligenceg 100:104186, 2021) on three of four tasks it was tested on, and achieved the same optimal performance after learning. SFELLA also showed relative robustness improvements against changes in objective scale, which may highlight an advantage dealing with distribution shifts in the environment dynamics. We further compared SFELLA to the multi-objective reward exponentials (MORE) approach, and found that SFELLA performs similarly to MORE in a simple previously-described foraging task, but in a modified foraging environment with a new resource that was not depleted as the agent worked, SFELLA collected more of the new resource with very little cost incurred in terms of the old resource. Overall, we found SFELLA useful for avoiding problems that sometimes occur with a thresholded approach, and more reward-responsive than MORE while retaining its conservative, loss-averse incentive structure.
Measuring the Agreement of Mathematical Peer Reviewers
Authors: Löwe Benedikt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of arguing for or against the philosophical position that mathematics is an epistemic exception on the basis of agreement data from the mathematical peer review process and argue that Cohen’s $$\kappa $$
κ
, the standard agreement measure used for inter-rater agreement, is unable to detect epistemic exceptionality from peer review data.
Spatial and temporal assessment of human-water interactions at the Inle Lake, Myanmar: a socio-hydrological DPSIR analysis
Authors: Peters Kristin , Wagner Paul D. , Phyo Ei Wai , Zin Win Win , Kyi Cho Cho Thin , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Freshwater resources as a key aspect of socio-economic development, provide a large number of services in human and environmental systems. Nevertheless, human appropriation of these water resources and the modification of landscapes lead to potential threats on water availability and quality from local to global scales. The Inle Lake in Myanmar is an economically, traditionally, and ecologically important freshwater ecosystem that faced severe degradation from the 2000s. In its catchment area, a Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework is applied for an assessment period of 30 years from 1990 to 2020. The analysis results are complemented with a socio-hydrological survey, water quality assessment, a land use classification based on ground truth and satellite data, and hydrologic models. The resulting land use changes, − 13% forest, + 13% agriculture, and + 5% urban areas, lead to increased water yield, decreased evapotranspiration, and increased sediment yield. Together with other drivers and pressures such as climate change and anthropogenic pollution, these human activities are major threats for freshwater resources and the ecosystem. However, the existing awareness of the local population for the environmental degradation is obstructed by national and international crises and responses to negative developments can accelerate degradation if they are unplanned and short-term solutions. Our study shows that environmental degradation processes have a complex nature and can only be tackled in a coordinated way with a long-term perspective. DPSIR is a suitable approach to assess human-water dynamics and disentangle the complex interconnectedness of social and environmental systems in freshwater ecosystems, even in data-scarce regions.
The alleviation of drought-induced damage to growth and physio-biochemical parameters of Brassica napus L. genotypes using an integrated approach of biochar amendment and PGPR application
Authors: Lalay Gul , Ullah Abd , Iqbal Nadeem , Raza Ali , Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Ullah Sami 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrought is a major abiotic stress, affecting the metabolism, growth, and productivity of plants worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed/hypothesized to investigate the ameliorative effects of biochar and rhizobacteria in drought-damaged Brassica napus L. genotypes. The plants were divided into two groups based on the drought stress employment (15 days and 30 days). Both groups were then treated with PGPR, biochar, and their co-application, and the samples were taken from shoots and roots of both genotypes. Our results revealed that the drought resulted in a substantial decline in total flavonoids, phenolics, proteins, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) as well as nutrient uptake in shoots and roots of both the studied genotypes. Contrarily, sugar and glycine betaine (GB) contents increased in both shoots and roots under drought stress conditions. However, the plants with co-application of biochar and PGPR showed better improvement of nutrient uptake, leaf relative water content (RWC), and growth parameters compared to drought-stressed, control, and the plants with sole biochar and PGPR application. In addition, the co-application of PGPR and biochar produced higher levels of sugar, proteins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and enzymatic activities (POD, SOD, GR, and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)) than those that were not treated with biochar and PGPR or treated solely. Relative to Westar genotype, the Punjab sarson showed higher drought tolerance. In conclusion, we suggest that the co-application of biochar and PGPR can be an effective strategy for overcoming the drought-induced damage in plants.
Graphical Abstract
Strengthening agroecological resilience through commons-based seed governance in the Philippines
Authors: Kliem Lea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Filipino agricultural sector is exposed to multiple climatic, economic, and social risks that will likely intensify in the near future. Building agroecological resilience has been proposed to protect small-scale farmers’ livelihoods and improve food security in the context of (unexpected) shocks and disruptions, and slow system changes such as climate change. This paper argues that commons-based seed production, based on collective management and ownership of seeds and varieties, can play a central role in building resilience capacities in smallholder communities. I explore this by applying an indicator-based framework to assess the contribution of the Filipino farmer network Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG) to agroecological resilience. I find that the networks’ commons-based seed governance builds agroecological resilience in various ways. By equipping small-scale farmers with the tools to regain control over seed production and breeding, they become stewards of an actively evolving collection of varieties. The in situ maintenance and development of traditional, open-pollinated varieties and a network of diversified trial and backup farms build up buffering capacities and foster agrobiodiversity and local adaptation. A focus on regionally available natural resources reduces vulnerabilities to external factors. Adaptive capacities are strengthened through a high degree of flexibility and responsiveness achieved by self-organization and polycentric organizational structures. Broad participation, shared learning and spaces for experimentation support the development of farmers’ capacities to respond to diverse challenges. Commons-based approaches to seed governance can thus strengthen agroecological resilience and long-term food security in smallholder agricultural systems.
Loss aversion in social image concerns
Authors: Petrishcheva Vasilisa , Riener Gerhard , Schildberg-Hörisch Hannah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoes loss aversion apply to social image concerns? In a laboratory experiment, we first induce social image in a relevant domain, intelligence, through public ranking. In a second stage, subjects experience a change in rank and are offered scope for lying to improve their final, also publicly reported rank. Subjects who care about social image and experience a decline in rank lie more than those experiencing gains. Moreover, we document a discontinuity in lying behavior when moving from rank losses to gains. Our results are in line with loss aversion in social image concerns.
Yet it Endures: The Persistence of Original Sin
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Hausmann Ricardo , Panizza Ugo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNotwithstanding announcements of progress, “international original sin” (the denomination of external debt in foreign currency) remains a persistent phenomenon in emerging markets. Although some middle-income countries have succeeded in developing markets in local-currency sovereign debt and attracting foreign investors, they continue to hedge their currency exposures through transactions with local pension funds and other resident investors. The result is to shift the locus of currency mismatches within emerging economies but not to eliminate them. Other countries have limited original sin by limiting external borrowing, passing up valuable investment opportunities in pursuit of stability. We document these trends, analyzing regional and global aggregates and national case studies. Our conclusion is that there remains a case for an international initiative to address currency risk in low- and middle-income economies so they can more fully exploit economic development opportunities.
Analysis of planar waveguides with a thin overlayer and nonlinear cladding
Authors: Kubica Jacek M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse a planar optical waveguide with Kerr-type nonlinear cladding and a thin linear overlayer separating the cladding and the guiding core. The results of numerical calculations show that the bistable behaviour of the nonlinear waveguides can be easily controlled by changing the parameters of this additional layer. The analysis is based on the self-consistent iteration procedure which provides relevant dispersion characteristics limited to physically stable solutions.
The Boosted DC Algorithm for Linearly Constrained DC Programming
Authors: Aragón-Artacho F. J. , Campoy R. , Vuong P. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Boosted Difference of Convex functions Algorithm (BDCA) has been recently introduced to accelerate the performance of the classical Difference of Convex functions Algorithm (DCA). This acceleration is achieved thanks to an extrapolation step from the point computed by DCA via a line search procedure. In this work, we propose an extension of BDCA that can be applied to difference of convex functions programs with linear constraints, and prove that every cluster point of the sequence generated by this algorithm is a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker point of the problem if the feasible set has a Slater point. When the objective function is quadratic, we prove that any sequence generated by the algorithm is bounded and R-linearly (geometrically) convergent. Finally, we present some numerical experiments where we compare the performance of DCA and BDCA on some challenging problems: to test the copositivity of a given matrix, to solve one-norm and infinity-norm trust-region subproblems, and to solve piecewise quadratic problems with box constraints. Our numerical results demonstrate that this new extension of BDCA outperforms DCA.
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Jiang Wenlong , Li Weiguo , Cheng Jing , Li Wen , Cheng Fangzhou 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To observe the efficacy and side effects of liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
The study conducted in an outpatient setting was a two-center, prospective randomized controlled study. T2DM patients with severe OSA were randomized to the control group (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] and drug treatment without liraglutide) or the liraglutide group (CPAP and drug treatment including liraglutide). Demographic and clinical characteristics, sleep-disordered breathing indices, cardiac function indices, and side effects were evaluated and compared between the two groups before and after 3 months.

Results
Of 90 patients, 45 were randomized to the intervention arm (with liraglutide) and 45 to the control arm (without liraglutide). One patient in the liraglutide group dropped out of the study on day 8 after enrollment due to obvious gastrointestinal symptoms. No significant differences were found between the two groups in baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, cardiac function indicators, or sleep disorder respiratory indices (P > 0.05). After 3 months, the body mass index (BMI), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), and mean systolic blood pressure in the liraglutide treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The minimum oxygen saturation was significantly higher in the liraglutide group compared with that in the control group after 3 months of follow-up (P < 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups in the summary of side effects (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Liraglutide combined with CPAP can effectively reduce BMI, lower mean systolic blood pressure, and improve AHI scores and hypoxia in T2DM patients with severe OSA. Liraglutide did not increase side effects.
Management of hazardous fly-ash energy waste in the adsorptive removal of diclofenac by the use of synthetic zeolitic materials
Authors: Medykowska Magdalena , Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna , Panek Rafał 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZeolite-carbon composites (Na-P1(C), Na-X(C)) and pure zeolites (Na-P1, Na-X) were synthesized from hazardous high-carbon fly ash waste (HC FA) via hydrothermal reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). These solids were applied in the removal of diclofenac (DCF) from aqueous solution, with and without poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The experiments included adsorption–desorption measurements, as well as electrokinetic and stability analyses. The obtained results showed that HC FA and Na-P1(C) had the greatest adsorption capacity towards DCF, i.e., 26.51 and 21.19 mg/g, respectively. PAA caused considerable decrease in the DCF adsorption due to the competition of both adsorbates of anionic character for active sites. For example, the adsorbed amount of DCF on Na-P1 without PAA was 14.11 mg/g, whereas the one measured with PAA was 5.08 mg/g. Most of prepared solids were effectively regenerated by the use of NaOH. Desorption degree reached even 73.65% in the single systems (with one adsorbate) and 97.24% in the mixed ones (with two adsorbates). Zeolitic materials formed suspensions of rather low stability, which underwent further deterioration in the organic molecules presence. All the results obtained in this study indicated that HC FA can be successfully managed in the removal of organic substances.