bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and thermodynamic study of micron waste polypropylene thermal degradation
Authors: Liu Yitao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Chen Ruiyu , Xu Xiaokang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow to properly dispose of waste polymers is a recognized challenge all over the world. Thermal degradation is currently recognized as a promising method for recycling polymer waste into fuels or products with high energy density without polluting the environment. In the present study, the thermal degradation characteristics, kinetics, thermodynamic parameters, and volatiles of a representative and extremely widely‐used polymer (micron waste polypropylene [PP]) pyrolysis in nitrogen were investigated. The results indicate that the thermal degradation of micron waste polypropylene can be considered as a one‐step reaction with merely one distinct peak on the reaction rate curves. The peak and average reaction rates decrease with the heating rate. The most appropriate reaction model to characterize the thermal degradation is g(α) = 1−(1−α)1/4. The average values of activation energy and pre‐exponential factor are 128.76 kJ/mol and 6.79 × 109 min−1, respectively. The kinetic parameters obtained in this study are all larger than those of PP with the particle size of millimeters or larger. The predicted thermogravimetric curves of thermal degradation are in good agreement with the experimental results. The changes of enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy show that the thermal degradation of micron waste polypropylene is a non‐spontaneous and endothermic reaction. In addition, the concentrations of all volatiles in descending order are: H2O > Esters (COO)  > CO2 > Alkanes (CH3) > R2CCH2 > Olefins (CC) > Alcohols (ROH) > Methylene group > CO.
The effect of abamectin application in combination with agronomic measures on the control efficacy of cucumber root‐knot nematodes and the cucumber yield
Authors: Liu Yukun , Liu Yujuan , Yang Liyuan , Zhang Tao , Jin Yan , Liu Lihong , Du Jiang , Zhang Daxia , Li Beixing , Gao Chuanjie , Liu Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a registered non‐fumigant nematicide, abamectin has been widely used as a soil treatment against many cash crop nematode diseases. In a previous study, we found that soil adsorption hindered the stable performance of abamectin against root‐knot nematodes in the field.RESULTSIn this study, an efficient and labor‐saving application method of soil blending abamectin combined with rotary tillage, a common agronomic measure, was developed to improve the efficacy of abamectin against root‐knot nematode disease. We revealed the role of four parameters in this application method. At an abamectin dose of 750 g a.i. ha−1, spray water volume of 675 L ha−1 and rotation depth of 20 cm, abamectin was well distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer at a concentration of 0.41–0.46 mg kg−1, the efficacy against root‐knot nematode disease was 72.12%, and the cucumber yield was 51.93 t ha−1. At the same dosage, root irrigation and flood irrigation measures resulted in only 29.28% and 33.43% control, with cucumber yields of 42.96 and 44.73 t ha−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONTo control root‐knot nematode disease with abamectin, a soil blending application combined with rotary tilling is superior to leaching application combined with the agronomic measure of irrigation. The former application method can improve the dispersion of abamectin in the soil, enhance the efficacy of abamectin against root‐knot nematodes and maintain a stable cucumber yield. In addition, the increased labor required for application combined with agronomic measures is negligible and has excellent application prospects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Smart tag packaging technologies: A qualitative investigation of consumers' needs and expectations
Authors: Htun Nyi‐Nyi , Wiśniewska Agnieszka , Nocella Giuseppe , Santa Cruz Elena , Peracaula‐Moner Aniol , Vehmas Kaisa , Hakola Liisa , Liczmańska‐Kopcewicz Katarzyna , Bridgett Lee , Verbert Katrien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to better understand concerns, needs and expectations of European consumers towards the use of intelligent packaging technologies as this topic appears to need further investigation from a marketing point of view. Thus, this study contributes to the currently limited body of research on the application of smart tag technologies on food packaging by exploring information benefits to consumers and by providing insights for marketers on how these technologies could be further employed to create value for consumers, manufacturers and regulatory bodies.A qualitative user‐centred approach was employed to get insights about consumers' shared views on future packaging solutions that could be introduced by European stakeholders of the food industry using different smart labels. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted online in five European countries: United Kingdom, Finland, Spain, Poland and Iceland.Respondents indicated that food safety and quality were the most important issues connected to the food value chain. Participants also identified and expressed their preferences for information that stakeholders of the food industry should deliver with smart tag labels. Smart tag labels should inform consumers about ingredients, food storage, food preparation, shelf life, health, real‐time freshness, recycling and personalised deals. In terms of preferences for different smart labels, participants indicated quick response (QR) codes and freshness indicators to be the technologies of the future for stakeholders of the food industry.
Process capability analysis of Taguchi indexCpmbased on generalizedp‐value
Authors: Meng Fanbing , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProduct quality is an essential issue to promote product sale, and process capability analysis plays an important role to assess and guarantee the process quality of products. Taguchi index is widely adopted to measure the process capability, because it essentially quantifies the quality loss from the actual process quality to the customer need. Large sample approximation and the bootstrap method are often used to test the hypothesis of index , but they do not have satisfactory performance under small or medium sample size. To address this issue, we propose a novel hypothesis testing method of index based on generalizedp‐value theory. For application, its mathematical expression is derived in detail for the normal, gamma, and Weibull distributions, since these distributions are commonly used in engineering practice. Simulation results show that the supremum of type I error probability of the proposed testing method is closer to the significance level than the existing methods, and its type II error probability is lower as well. Based on the proposed hypothesis testing method, a new procedure of process capability analysis is designed for applications. Finally, two real cases are carried out to show the effectiveness of the newly designed procedure.
A New family of Sulfamidophosphonates Derivatives: Microwave‐Accelerated Multicomponent Synthesis, Characterization and X‐Ray Crystallographic Study**
Authors: Ghodbane Racha , K'Tir Hacène , Bouacida Sofiane , Ibrahim‐Ouali Malika , Aouf Zineb , Aouf Nour‐Eddine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this present study, we describe a simple, effective and greener one‐pot microwave‐assisted synthesis of novel α‐sulfamidophosphonates 4(a–l), and 5(a, b) that were rationally designed and synthesized following the principle of the superposition of bioactives substructures. This reaction was accomplished by the condensation of various aromatic aldehydes, sulfamide and diethyl phosphite via the Kabachnik‐Fields reaction using ethanol as solvent under catalyst‐free conditions. The corresponding products were obtained with good yields, in short reactions time and no side product was observed. All the newly synthesized compounds were systematically characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR analysis and the structures of the compounds 4 b and 4 c were further analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Chiral Ruthenium Nanozymes with Self‐Cascade Reaction Driven the NO Generation Induced Macrophage M1 Polarization Realizing the Lung Cancer “Cocktail Therapy”
Authors: Chen Xu , Yang Yonglan , Ye Gang , Liu Shengming , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacrophages as the main cause of cancer immunosuppression, how to effectively induce macrophage M1 polarization remain the major challenge in lung cancer therapy. Herein, inspired by endogenous reactions, a strategy is proposed to coactivate macrophage M1 polarization by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) with self‐autocatalytic cascade reaction. To enhance the generation of NO and ROS, NO Precursor‐Arginine as capping agents for inducing synthesis two kinds of chiral ruthenium nanozyme (D/L‐Arginine@Ru). Under the properties of Ru nanozymes through synchronously mimicking the activity of oxidase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), chiral Ru nanozyme can rapidly generate 1O2 and O2 at first stage, and then catalyze Arginine to produce sufficient NO, thus enhance macrophage M1 polarization to reverse tumor immunosuppression. Moreover, combination the antitumor activity of 1O2, NO, the chiral Ru nanozymes realize the “cocktail therapy” by inducing tumor cell apoptosis as well as ferroptosis. In addition, the chirality influences the bioactivity of Ru nanozymes that L‐Arginine@Ru shows the better therapeutic effect with stronger catalytic activity and natural homology. It is hoped the high performance of chiral Ru nanozyme with “cocktail therapy” is an effective therapeutic reagent and can provide a feasible treatment strategy for tumor catalytic therapy.
Hierarchically Templated Synthesis of 3D‐Printed Crosslinked Cyclodextrins for Lycopene Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Mingshi , Liu Wenxing , Lin Qianming , Ke Chenfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlants produce a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals, such as antioxidants and vitamins, which play crucial roles in aging prevention, inflammation reduction, and reducing the risk of cancer. Selectively harvesting these phytochemicals, such as lycopene, from tomatoes through the adsorption method is cost‐effective and energy efficient. In this work, a templated synthesis of 3D‐printed crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers featuring nanotubular structures for highly selective lycopene harvesting is reported. Polypseudorotaxanes formed by triethoxysilane‐based telechelic polyethylene glycols and α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) are designed as the template to (1) synthetically access urethane‐based nanotubular structures at the molecular level, and (2) construct 3D‐printed architectures with designed macroscale voids. The polypseudorotaxane hydrogels showed good rheological properties for direct ink writing, and the 3D‐printed hydrogels were converted to the desired α‐CD polymer network through a three‐step postprinting transformation. The obtained urethane‐crosslinked α‐CD monoliths possess nanotubular structures and 3D‐printed voids. They selectively adsorb lycopene from raw tomato juice, protecting lycopene from photo‐ or thermo‐degradations. This work highlights the hierarchically templated synthesis approach in developing functional 3D‐printing materials by connecting the bottom‐up molecular assembly and synthesis with the top‐down 3D architecture control and fabrication.
Reversible Diode with Tunable Band Alignment for Photoelectricity‐Induced Artificial Synapse
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ning Jing , Lu Wei , Wang Boyu , Cui Xuan , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Shen Xue , Feng Xin , Wang Yanbo , Wang Dong , Wang Xinran , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe advent of big data era has put forward higher requirements for electronic nanodevices that have low energy consumption for their application in analog computing with memory and logic circuit to address attendant energy efficiency issues. Here, a miniaturized diode with a reversible switching state based on N‐n MoS2 homojunction used a bandgap renormalization effect through the band alignment type regulated by both dielectric and polarization, controllably switched between type‐I and type‐II, which can be simulated as artificial synapse for sensing memory processing because of its rectification, nonvolatile characteristic and high optical responsiveness. The device demonstrates a rectification ratio of 103. When served as memory retention time, it can attain at least 7000 s. For the synapse simulation, it has an ultralow‐level energy consumption because of the pA‐level operation current with 5 pJ for long‐term potentiation and 7.8 fJ for long‐term depression. Furthermore, the paired pulse facilitation index reaches up to 230%, and it realizes the function of optical storage that can be applied to simulate visual cells.
Horizontal Magnetic Tweezers to Directly Measure the Force–Velocity Relationship for Multiple Kinesin Motors
Authors: Geyer Veikko F. , Diez Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransport of intracellular cargo along cytoskeletal filaments is often achieved by the concerted action of multiple motor molecules. While single‐molecule studies have provided profound insight into the mechano‐chemical principles and force generation of individual motors, studies on multi‐motor systems are less advanced. Here, a horizontal magnetic‐tweezers setup is applied, capable of producing up to 150 pN of horizontal force onto 2.8 µm superparamagnetic beads, to motor‐propelled cytoskeletal filaments. It is found that kinesin‐1 driven microtubules decorated with individual beads display frequent transitions in their gliding velocities which we attribute to dynamic changes in the number of engaged motors. Applying defined temporal force‐ramps the force–velocity relationship is directly measured for multi‐motor transport. It is found that the stall forces of individual motors are approximately additive and collective backward motion of the transport system under super‐stall forces is observed. The magnetic‐tweezers apparatus is expected to be readily applicable to a wide range of molecular and cellular motility assays.
Understanding the High Voltage Behavior of LiNiO2 Through the Electrochemical Properties of the Surface Layer
Authors: Bautista Quisbert Edgar , Fauth François , Abakumov Artem M. , Blangero Maxime , Guignard Marie , Delmas Claude 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNickel‐rich layered oxides are adopted as electrode materials for EV's. They suffer from a capacity loss when the cells are charged above 4.15 V versus Li/Li+. Doping and coating can lead to significant improvement in cycling. However, the mechanisms involved at high voltage are not clear. This work is focused on LiNiO2 to overcome the effect of M cations. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments are performed at very low rates in various voltage ranges (3.8–4.3 V,). On the “4.2–4.3 V” plateau the R2 phase is transformed simultaneously in R3, R3 with H4 stacking faults and H4. As the charge proceeds above 4.17 V cell polarization increases, hindering Li deintercalation. In discharge, such polarization decreases immediately. Upon cycling, the polarization increases at each charge above 4.17 V. In discharge, the capacity and dQ/dV features below 4.1 V remain constant and unaffected, suggesting that the bulk of the material do not undergo significant structural defect. This study shows that the change in polarization results from the electrochemical behavior of the grain surface having very low conductivity above 4.17 V and high conductivity below this threshold. This new approach can explain the behavior observed with dopants like tungsten.
Nanoclay‐Modulated Interfacial Chemical Bond and Internal Electric Field at the Co3O4/TiO2 p‐n Junction for Efficient Charge Separation
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Wang Qingjie , Zhang Peng , Wang Jie , Li Yue , Lu Chang , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Dong Xiongbo , Zhao Qihang , Tang Aidong , Fu Liangjie , Yang Huaming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo achieve a high separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in semiconductors, constructing high‐quality heterogeneous interfaces as charge flow highways is critical and challenging. This study successfully demonstrates an interfacial chemical bond and internal electric field (IEF) simultaneously modulated 0D/0D/1D‐Co3O4/TiO2/sepiolite composite catalyst by exploiting sepiolite surface‐interfacial interactions to adjust the Co2+/Co3+ ratio at the Co3O4/TiO2 heterointerface. In situ irradiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the interfacial Co2+OTi bond (compared to the Co3+OTi bond) plays a major role as an atomic‐level charge transport channel at the p‐n junction. Co2+/Co3+ ratio increase also enhances the IEF intensity. Therefore, the enhanced IEF cooperates with the interfacial Co2+OTi bond to enhance the photoelectron separation and migration efficiency. A coupled photocatalysis‐peroxymonosulfate activation system is used to evaluate the catalytic activity of Co3O4/TiO2/sepiolite. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how efficiently separated photoelectrons facilitate the synergy between photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate activation to achieve deep pollutant degradation and reduce its ecotoxicity. This study presents a new strategy for constructing high‐quality heterogeneous interfaces by consciously modulating interfacial chemical bonds and IEF, and the strategy is expected to extend to this class of spinel‐structured semiconductors.
Tuning Nanobodies’ Bioactivity: Coupling to Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Allows the Intracellular Interference with Survivin
Authors: Stahl Paul , Kollenda Sebastian , Sager Jonas , Schmidt Laura , Schroer Martin A. , Stauber Roland H. , Epple Matthias , Knauer Shirley K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanobodies are highly affine binders, often used to track disease‐relevant proteins inside cells. However, they often fail to interfere with pathobiological functions, required for their clinical exploitation. Here, a nanobody targeting the disease‐relevant apoptosis inhibitor and mitosis regulator Survivin (SuN) is utilized. Survivin's multifaceted functions are regulated by an interplay of dynamic cellular localization, dimerization, and protein–protein interactions. However, as Survivin harbors no classical “druggable” binding pocket, one must aim at blocking extended protein surface areas. Comprehensive experimental evidence demonstrates that intracellular expression of SuN allows to track Survivin at low nanomolar concentrations but failed to inhibit its biological functions. Small angle X‐ray scattering of the Survivin‐SuN complex locates the proposed interaction interface between the C‐terminus and the globular domain, as such not blocking any pivotal interaction. By clicking multiple SuN to ultrasmall (2 nm) gold nanoparticles (SuN‐N), not only intracellular uptake is enabled, but additionally, Survivin crosslinking and interference with mitotic progression in living cells are also enabled. In sum, it is demonstrated that coupling of nanobodies to nanosized scaffolds can be universally applicable to improve their function and therapeutic applicability.
Fast and Durable Lithium Storage Enabled by Tuning Entropy in Wadsley–Roth Phase Titanium Niobium Oxides
Authors: Zheng Jie , Xia Rui , Sun Congli , Yaqoob Najma , Qiu Qianyuan , Zhong Liping , Li Yongdan , Kaghazchi Payam , Zhao Kangning , Elshof Johan E. ten , Huijben Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWadsley–Roth phase titanium niobium oxides have received considerable interest as anodes for lithium ion batteries. However, the volume expansion and sluggish ion/electron transport kinetics retard its application in grid scale. Here, fast and durable lithium storage in entropy‐stabilized Fe0.4Ti1.6Nb10O28.8 (FTNO) is enabled by tuning entropy via Fe substitution. By increasing the entropy, a reduction of the calcination temperature to form a phase pure material is achieved, leading to a reduced grain size and, therefore, a shortening of Li+ pathway along the diffusion channels. Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that the increased entropy leads to the decreased expansion along a–axis, which stabilizes the lithium intercalation channel. Density functional theory modeling indicates the origin to be the more stable FeO bond as compared to TiO bond. As a result, the rate performance is significantly enhanced exhibiting a reversible capacity of 73.7 mAh g−1 at 50 C for FTNO as compared to 37.9 mAh g−1 for its TNO counterpart. Besides, durable cycling is achieved by FTNO, which delivers a discharge capacity of 130.0 mAh g−1 after 6000 cycles at 10 C. Finally, the potential impact for practical application of FTNO anodes has been demonstrated by successfully constructing fast charging and stable LiFePO4‖FTNO full cells.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Polymer Spheres and the Activation to Porous Carbon Spheres for Advanced Aluminum‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Feng Shihao , Xing Lingli , Li Kun , Wang Hong , An Qinyou , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorous carbon spheres (PCSs) characteristic of perfect symmetry and ideal rheological property have great potential in electrochemical energy storage (EES). However, conventional synthesis of PCSs heavily relies on solution‐based methods that may lead to environmental issues. Herein, an environment‐friendly solvent‐free method toward the facile and mass production of m‐phenylenediamine‐formaldehyde (MPF) resin spheres, which can be converted into PCSs after carbonization and activation is reported. An ultrahigh productivity of 25.89 g in a 100‐mL container and an impressive percent yield of 98.89% can be achieved for the MPF resin spheres, which are further converted into carbon spheres with a reasonable yield of 14.5% after carbonization. When employed as the cathode material for aluminum‐ion hybrid capacitors, the obtained PCSs afford a double‐layer capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1, the highest value among reported porous carbon materials for Al‐based EES devices. It is anticipated that the solvent‐free synthesis method for PCSs developed here may play a significant role in other EES devices, such as magnesium‐ion and calcium‐ion hybrid capacitors.
Heat–Moisture Treatment on Pinhão Starch Impacts the Properties of the Biodegradable Films
Authors: Biduski Bárbara , do Evangelho Jarine Amaral , Lima Karina Oliveira , Halal Shanise Lisie de Mello El , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra , Pinto Vânia Zanella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing non‐conventional starch can benefit the industry since it can present different properties. It also can lead to new properties upon physical modification, which improves its derivate film properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the heat–moisture treatment (HMT) on pinhão starch and its effectiveness in film properties. After isolation using water as a solvent, the pinhão starch is treated by HMT for 16 h at 110 °C. Native and HMTed starches are used to produce biodegradable films. Pinhão starch and starch films chemical and physical properties are properly characterized. The HMT causes some changes in short‐range ordered structures, reduces the relative crystallinity, and shifts the pinhão starch from C‐type to A‐type. Also, HMT decreases the peak viscosity and the breakdown, and improves thermal stability. These starch changes upon HMT reduces water vapor permeability, increases tensile strength, and elongation at the break of pinhão starch films. Desirable changes in starch and film properties are achieved by physically modifying pinhão starch using HMT, which is a promising alternative to chemical modifications.