bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Matrix Rhythm Therapy on Pain, Strength, and Quality of Life in Forward Neck Posture
Authors: Naik Varun C , Kerkar Mayuri , Mascarenhas Sazney 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To determine and compare the effects of the Dynamic Exercise Program (DEP) and matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe©) along with conventional physiotherapy in asymptomatic subjects with forward head posture (FHP) on a craniovertebral angle (CVA), strength, pain, and quality of life (QoL) using CVA, pressure biofeedback unit, pain algometer, and short form (SF-36), respectively.

Methodology:
Sixty-five people were screened for the study, of which 30 were included (18 females and 12 males) who participated in the study. The study participants were randomly allocated to Group A (DEP) or Group B (MaRhyThe©). Preintervention outcome measures used were CVA for the neck position, a craniocervical flexion endurance test for strength, a pain algometer for pain pressure threshold, and SF-36 for QoL. Postintervention outcome measures were recorded on the 6th day after intervention.

Results:
Data were analyzed descriptively with a priori establishment of success criteria of P < 0.05. Within-group analysis of both groups demonstrated statistically significant parameters of CVA, strength, and pain as P < 0.05. Between groups analysis demonstrated Group B to be statistically significant in all the outcome measures CVA (P < 0.0001), strength (P < 0.0001), and pain (P < 0.0001). SF-36 showed a positive effect on some subdomains as to emotional well-being (0.0320) and pain (0.0047*).

Conclusion:
It was determined that both deep exercise programs and MaRhyThe© when combined with conventional physiotherapy are effective in treating FHP. However, MaRhyThe© with conventional physiotherapy was found to be superior in reducing pain and improving range of motion, strength, and QoL.
Knowledge and attitude toward dental stem cells among dental professionals
Authors: Sai Lakshmi L. J. , Jeddy Nadeem , Radhika T. , Amutha S. , Gnanasagar W. R. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Dental stem cells (DSCs) derived from tooth structures refer to adult stem cells. DSCs can be used to regenerate both dental tissues and nondental organs. DSC research is progressing at a rapid pace and hence it is imperative for dental professionals to possess adequate knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the same. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals toward DSCs.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of 200 dental professionals from various dental colleges in Chennai. The questionnaire included a total of 15 questions to assess the knowledge and attitude toward DSCs. The Pearson's Chi-square test and percentages of the total were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 200 dental professionals completed the questionnaire survey; of which 42 (21%) were male and 158 (78%) were female. Maximum respondents were intern (n = 92, 46%), followed by dental practitioners (DP) (n = 58, 29%) and postgraduates (n = 50, 25%). Around 182 (91%) dental professionals are aware of the term stem cells. Overall, 66% of dental participants were not aware of ethical considerations and guidelines related to DSCs given by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The majority of dental participants (83%) were interested in attending workshop/conference/Continuing Dental Education (CDE) program on applications of stem cells.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that there was a generalized awareness of the term “DSCs” among the study participants. However, there was a huge lacuna in the knowledge of its types, ethical considerations, and the concept of stem cell banking and DSC banks in India. The results of the current study emphasize the need for improvement in knowledge of DSCs for dental professionals by promoting more CDE programs focusing on this subject.
Real-World Effectiveness of Generic Antihypertensive Drugs of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra
Authors: Sheikh Chandani , Donage Nikita , Donga Bhavana , Benny Stephen , Majjigeri Kiran , Spoorthi Sowmya , Bhandari Ramesh , Ganachari M. S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The Government of India started the Janaushadhi Scheme in 2008 to control individuals' expenditure by providing low-cost generic medicines for health benefits. Hence, this study aims to study the real-world effectiveness of Jan Aushadhi generic antihypertensive medicines at a Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra and also to assess knowledge and attitude toward generic drugs.

Methods:
This study was done in Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra. Participants who were hypertensive and on at least one antihypertensive drug from Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra were enrolled in the study. All the participants received three blood pressure (BP) measurements, i.e., two manual readings and an average of two taken. One digital reading is followed by questionnaires, which help assess patients' knowledge and attitude using Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendra medicines. All the participants were evaluated for baseline, 1st-month, 2nd-month, and 3rd-month follow-up visits. The baseline, 1st-month, 2nd-month, and 3rd-month data were compared using paired t-test and Cochran's q-test.

Results:
The important findings were a considerable reduction in BP compared to the baseline, 1st-month, 2nd-month, and 3rd-month follow-up. Approximately half of the patients (53.36%) know the difference between generic and brand medicines. A significant proportion of the participants believe that taking Janaushadhi medication reduces the cost. Hence, considerable improvement was evidenced in all outcome measures.

Conclusion:
A significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP was achieved for all the hypertension stages, providing the authentication that most hypertensive patients may benefit from low-cost generic Jan Aushadhi medicines.
A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saini Jitndra Kumar , Suthar Hansaram 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Alcoholism is gradually tearing down college students worldwide. This is turning out to be a major social predicament. Alcohol misuse was reported as a strong predictor of students' mental health.

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption, factors associated with it, and its effects among undergraduate students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was applied on 180 undergraduates at Shekhawati PG College, Rajasthan, India, using stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaire and rating scale were used to collect the data.

Results:
The finding showed 25.55% prevalence of alcohol consumption with majority of being males (63.04%). Maximum number (47.8%) of the students started alcohol consumption at 18–19 years of age, with reasons being social gathering or marriage party (69.56%), peer pressure and curiosity about the effects of alcohol (13.04%), and drinking habit of the parents (6.52%). Majority of the student (65.21%) drink outside the home and at night time (91.30%). Maximum urge (86.95%) was felt for pleasure (93.47%) on special occasions or party functions. Early onset of consumption made students (28.26%) addicted. Maximum students (78.3%) showed mild effects of alcohol consumption, whereas 21.7% experienced moderate effects of alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:
The study showed that the most common age to start consuming alcohol was between 18 and 19 years, and common reasons to start included “social activities” and “peer pressure” for majority and for a few “curiosity” and “family influence.” It becomes incumbent on the government, health-care practitioners, and other stakeholders to promote responsible drinking and discourage premature drinking.
Clinicopathological Features and Outcome of COVID-19 – Early Experiences from Three COVID Hospitals, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Nath Jishu Deb , Barua Pranab Kumar , Karim Md. Rejaul , Jahan Safatuj , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Ahmed Kazi Farhad , Kanti Kajal 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
COVID 19 is an unknown virus affecting mankind creating a deadly experience to all. It is true for Bangladesh also. So the objectives of the present study are to find the clinicopathological features and outcome of COVID patients admitted to three COVID dedicated hospitals of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Methods:
This was an observational study where a total of 209 patients admitted to three COVID dedicated hospital were recruited. Clinicopathological data were recorded and patients were under observation till discharge and thus outcome were recorded. Prior consent was taken from the patients and ethical clearance was also taken. Data were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences-20.

Results:
Among 209 patients most of them were male 139 (66.5%) and male to female ratio was 1.98:1. Age group distribution revealed more were aggregated in the age group of 41–50 years 36 (17.2%), 51–60 years 54 (25.8%), and 61–70 years 57 (27.3%). Among all 92 (44%) patients were reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive and 117 (56%) were probable cases. Fever was present in 195 (93.3%) cases, cough in 180 (86.1%), respiratory distress in 105 (50.2%) anosmia in 123 (58.8%), aguesea in 112 (53.58%) and lethargy was present in 143 (68.42%). Chest X-ray findings revealed 73 (34.9%) had bilateral patchy opacities, 20 (9.6%) had unilateral opacities 65 (31.1%) had consolidations, 6 (2.9%) had ground glass opacities, and 2 (1.0%) had pleural effusion. Supplemental O2 was given in 173 (82.8%) patients, Favipiravir in 59 (28.2%), Remdesivir in 111 (53.1%), Methylprednisolone in 87 (41.6%), Dexamethasone in 93 (44.5%), Antibiotics in 204 (97.60%), Toccilizumab in 34 (16.3%), plasma in 18 (8.6%), and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in 200 (95.7%) patients. Regarding outcome of the COVID patients admitted, 85 (92.4%) patients improved, 6 (6.5%) died who were RT-PCR positive and 107 (91.15%) improved, 9 (7.7%) died who were probable cases. Total death rate was 7.1%.

Conclusion:
The present study findings were some early activities among COVID patients in the years 2020. Male were more affected and middle age group people were the most victims.
Morphometric Scrutiny of the Radial Head
Authors: Shrivastava Shilpi , Bhimalli Shilpa M , Pattanshetti Sheetal Vishwanath 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Radius is one of the two constituent bones of the forearm. It is frequently fractured or dislocated due to trauma, pathology, etc. Prosthetic radial head may be indicated in the management of comminuted fractures of the radial head.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was undertaken with the aim to measure various dimensions of the head of the radius bone and to collate these dimensions between right-sided and left-sided bones.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred bones, collected from the Department of Anatomy of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, were systematically investigated using digital Vernier caliper, normal ruler, and inelastic thread. The data recorded were then analyzed to obtain the results.

Results:
The mean length, diameter, and circumference of the head of the radius bones were 9.47 ± 1.49 mm, 19.92 ± 2.03 mm, and 6.42 ± 0.63 cm, respectively (irrespective of the side). For only one aspect, the length of the radial head, a statistically significant difference was obtained between the values of bones of both sides.

Conclusion:
Numerous studies have shown an extensively varied range of values for several parameters. Utmost care and precision are required by the orthopedic surgeons, prosthetists, etc. while treating patients or prosthesis making, to avoid untoward outcomes like soreness, etc. This study strives to underline this need for precision by highlighting the varied range of parameters in the regional population.
Success Rate of Reimplantation of Avulsed Primary Anterior Teeth in Children
Authors: Kadam Krishna S. , Gokhale Niraj S. , Hugar Shivayogi M. , Joshi Riddhi , Neha Kohli Nivedita Saxena 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Avulsion of tooth is a grave traumatic injury that is associated with complete displacement from its socket. Lack of conclusive solid evidence and discord opinion is the main reason for the dentist to abstain reimplantation of avulsed primary teeth in children and there are hardy few case reports associated with it. A detailed systematic investigation of literature involving several databases is required to obtain additional evidence for the same.

Aim:
This systematic review aimed for emphasizing risks and benefits to guide dentists in implementing the best clinical decision for cases of reimplanting avulsed primary teeth.

Method:
A systematic search was conducted in databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (Embase) for the studies published from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021. Cross-references of the selected articles were also done by hand and electronic searching. Gray literature was also searched for the studies according to the relevance.

Results:
Through search strategy, 4623 articles were yielded. After screening through titles and abstracts, 46 articles remained which were further screened for full text. In the end, 8 articles were included in the systematic review according to the eligibility criteria.

Conclusion:
This systematic review concluded that reimplantation can be carried out in primary dentition too by following proper and immediate treatment protocols; however, adequate clinical studies are utmost required with longer follow-up for the establishment of substantial evidence that can usher clinicians regarding elite approach in treatment of primary tooth avulsion.
A Study on Knowledge and Practice of Dispensing Drugs without Prescription by Pharmacists in Belagavi City
Authors: Sharma Shuvam , Patil Sachin , Narasannavar Ashwini , Bhandari Ramesh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The pharmacists were trained mainly to dispense medicines only over prescriptions. Despite guidelines, practice of dispensing medicines without prescription has been widely practiced worldwide. The problem and burden of drug resistance are increasing worldwide due to this practice.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of pharmacists on drug dispensing practices without prescription in Belagavi City.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2021 among 80 pharmacists in different areas of Belagavi city. Pharmacists were selected by the simple random technique. Data were collected using the structured questionnaire. The obtained data were tabulated, and the Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the nominal variables.

Results:
Pharmacists had a good knowledge about laws regarding practice of dispensing without prescription. The practice of dispensing nonover-the-counter drugs without prescription was found to be 32.5% in an average. Pharmacists' fear of losing customers was the primary reason for dispensing without prescription. A significant association was found between knowledge score of pharmacists and job status of pharmacist (P = 0.043*) and location of pharmacy (P = 0.05*). The frequency of dispensing medicines without prescription was found to be significantly associated with age of staffs dispensing (P = 0.04*) and with their education status (P = 0.04*).

Conclusion:
Pharmacists had an average level of knowledge regarding the practice of dispensing drugs without prescription in India. However, pharmacists tend to dispense medicines without prescription on request of patients.
Fetomaternal Outcome in Epilepsy in Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khursheed Rabiya , Ajaz Shaheera , Jeelani Beenish , Wani Saima , Ahmed Abida 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in obstetrics. Pregnancy with epilepsy is associated with increased risk of complications such as preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm delivery.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the fetomaternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single center retrospective study conducted over a period of 27 months from March 2017 to June 2019. Maternal variables studied included baseline parameters such as age, parity, and mode of delivery. Other variables studied included duration of epilepsy, seizure during pregnancy, antiepileptic drug usage in pregnancy, and maternal complications. Fetal outcome variables analyzed were number of live birth, stillbirth, birth weight, Apgar score, congenital anomalies, and perinatal complications.

Results:
Out of 40 patients with epilepsy in pregnancy, 28 were on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during the current pregnancy. The cesarean section rate was 65% in these patients which were higher than in patients without epilepsy. Fourteen patients (35%) delivered vaginally out of which ten were induced. There were six patients who had convulsions four had convulsions in the antepartum period and two had convulsions in the postpartum period. Maternal outcome included gestational hypertension in 6 (15%), postpartum hemorrhage in 1 (2.5%), premature rupture of membranes in 2 (5%), hypothyroidism in 2 (5%), and no maternal death. Prematurity was observed in 10%, low birth weight in 22.5%, and IUGR in 15%. All the neonates received 1 mg of Vitamin K at birth liveborn infants were delivered in 36.

Conclusion:
There was no maternal mortality in our study. The good maternal outcome is because of early booking, regular antenatal visits and regular intake of folic acid, and appropriate number and dose of AEDs. Epilepsy in pregnancy is a high-risk factor which needs thorough evaluation and care from preconception to delivery. These women need delivery at a tertiary care center for the optimum outcome for the perinatal complications.
Risk Factors for Cessation of Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Dhikale Prasad Tukaram , Chavhan Smita Santosh , Adsul Balkrishna B , Gokhale Chinmay N , Ingale Aniket R , Kinge Kirti V 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Our study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the cessation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection in a cohort of inpatients of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. All COVID-19 patients positive on the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) test of nasopharyngeal samples who were admitted in this Dedicated COVID Hospital (DCH) from April to June 2020 were included in this study. The deceased patients were excluded. Cessation of Viral RNA Shedding (CVS) was considered to have been achieved on the date of the first negative SARS-CoV-2 RTPCR result out of the two consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results on nasopharyngeal swabs taken 24 h apart.

Results:
Of the 4632 COVID-19 patients, 3307 (71.4%) patients achieved CVS. Patients had a median (IQR) time from positive to negative PCR of 16 (11–23) days. In multivariate cox regression analysis, age group 41 − 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.91), age >60 years (HR [CI] = 0.63 [0.53–0.78]), female sex (HR [CI] = 1.08 [1.01-1.16]), cancer (HR [CI] = 1.87 [1.03–3.41]) were the independent risk factors for cessation of viral shedding.

Conclusion:
Patients older than 40 years, male patients were shedding viral RNA for more duration and can be considered for the isolation for a longer duration.
Clinical Presentation and Infection Prevention Control Practices in Health-care Workers Diagnosed with COVID-19 in a Dedicated COVID Hospital, Mumbai
Authors: Adsul Balkrishna B. , Chavhan Smita Santosh , Dhikale Prasad Tukaram , Kinge Kirti V. , Gokhale Chinmay N. , Ingale Aniket R. , Jadhav Nilam 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to study the clinical presentation and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health-care workers (HCWs) diagnosed with COVID-19 in a Dedicated COVID Hospital (DCH).

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective cohort study of HCWs in a DCH. The new cases found in HCWs from December 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, were interviewed and followed up for 1 month. The study was part of an international multicenter study by the World Health Organization (WHO). The doctors, nurses, housekeeping, and other staff working in this DCH were considered as HCWs. WANTAI severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Ab ELISA provided by the WHO was used for qualitative testing antibody (IgM + IgG). Paired serology samples from cases were collected for serology testing – comprising one baseline serum sample taken during week 1 and another taken in the 6th week.

Results:
Out of the 1340 HCWs, 25 HCWs (including 15 doctors) developed COVID-19 in 60 days. Most (17, 68%) of the HCWs were from the age group of 21 to 30 years. All the HCWs reported receiving training in IPC. Most (21, 84%) of the HCWs reported following hand hygiene always, as recommended. Most (22, 88%) of the HCWs reported being using recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) always, as recommended. The duration of hospital stay was 10 ± 3.6 days (mean ± standard deviation) and the range was 4–18 days. There was no significant difference between infection prevention and control practices of doctors and other HCWs. In our study, all the patients had mild disease and the antibody titer was positive in 7 (28%) patients in the 1st week of illness and in 20 (80%) patients in the 6th week of illness. The most common symptoms were respiratory symptoms (60%), sore throat (52%), fever (48%), cough (44%), and joint ache (20%). Two (8%) HCWs were asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
The incidence of COVID-19 among HCWs can be kept low by proper IPC measures such as availability of PPE and training of HCWs in IPC.
Jigsaw Technique
Authors: Dnyanesh Suma , Pattanshetti Sheetal Vishwanath , Bhimalli Shilpa M , Dixit Daksha 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
(1) To motivate students for self-directed learning and to enhance their communication skills. (2) To investigate jigsaw technique for its effectiveness in learning anatomy. Cooperative education is the prime aim of this teaching–learning intervention. The students rely on each other for a collective or combined learning experience. The onus of responsibility of the work done by the student and his/her team will be evaluated by the facilitator. We would like to know whether jigsaw cooperative learning would be considered as effective interventional teaching-learning measure compared to the traditional lecture method.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty students of first MBBS were involved in a jigsaw session to learn anatomy. The students were divided into groups of five and a total of 12 such groups were made. The study material was also divided into five topics. The students read the study material and after becoming well versed with their topic, they taught their topic to other students. The students were asked to give feedback on the session. A surprise MCQ test was also conducted between this group and a control group of students to assess their knowledge. The results of the MCQ test were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The students found the jigsaw session to be more engaging than traditional classes. MCQ scores were more in the study group than in the control group.

Conclusion:
The jigsaw technique is both an educational and enjoyable way of teaching. Due to its immense benefits, both students and teachers resolved to use this technique in the future as well.