bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FMEA of the risk management of non-integral-dosage drug dispensing in PIVAS
Authors: kuikui geng , he Juan , rong sheng , jia zhaohu , zhang xiangxiang , shi tianlu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To eliminate the risks in the prescription examination, marking, dispensing, checking, and review of non-integral-dosage drugs in PIVAS.
Method
A project team was assembled, and the failure mode and effect analysis management method was used to identify the risks present in the four steps of the non-integral-dosage drug dispensing process in PIVAS drug management: prescription verification, mixed allocation and verification. The degrees of severity, incidence, and detectability were scored for each step, and the risk priority number (RPN) of each step was calculated. Corresponding measures for improvement were formulated for the steps with top RPN ranking, and the changes in the RPN values before and after the implementation of the measures were compared to observe the effect of the implementation.
Results
A total of 31 risk factors were tabulated in the management process of non-integral-dosage drugs, with the primary risks involving the dispensing process. Corresponding measures were provided for 8 risks containing high RPN values. After three months of optimization and improvement, the RPN values and incidences of internal difference were significantly reduced, with the improvement measures exhibiting a good risk control effect. In this project, a comprehensive conversion system of partial-dose drug dispensing was established, which could be directly converted into a volume of suction fluid for dispensing personnel according to doctor orders, avoiding manual secondary calculation. Meanwhile, the project team conducted a dissolution test of 23 types of drugs with non-integral dosage drugs and found that the solvent volume of 11 types of drugs increased after dissolution. The dosage conversion of partial dosage should be calculated according to the volume of the final solution to ensure the accuracy of the dosage.
Conclusions
Based on failure mode and effect analysis, the risk management of non-integral-dosage drugs was carried out in PIVAS, addressing the safety risks present in the dispensing of non-integral-dosage drugs, reducing errors in the dispensing of non-integral-dosage drugs, and ensuring safe and precise medication for patients.
Prognostic impact of tumor ureteral invasion on recurrence after radical cystectomy
Authors: Saito Takafumi , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Fukumoto Keishiro , Yasumizu Yota , Takeda Toshikazu , Morita Shinya , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Asanuma Hiroshi , Hara Satoshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Several preoperative factors have been suggested to be risk factors of disease recurrence after radical cystectomy. There is no study focusing on the impact on prognosis of bladder tumor ureteral invasion in preoperative imaging.
Methods
The study population consisted of 136 patients, all of whom underwent radical cystectomy during the period between 2007–2019. We excluded patients with concurrent or a history of upper tract urothelial carcinoma and who underwent radical cystectomy for other cancers or nononcologic reasons. The starting point of this study was the timing of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radical cystectomy and the endpoint was the timing of disease recurrence. To identify the factors influencing recurrence, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Recurrence-free survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
Ureteral invasion was observed in 20 (14.7%) patients. Disease recurrence was observed in 11 (55.0%) of 20 ureteral invasion positive patients and 35 (30.2%) of 116 ureteral invasion negative patients, respectively. In the ureteral invasion positive group, clinical T and N stage were higher and hydronephrosis were more common than in the ureteral invasion negative group. According to the multivariate analysis, ureteral invasion (hazard ratio: 2.307, p = 0.016) and clinical N stage ≥ 1 (hazard ratio: 2.140, p = 0.028) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. In the ureteral invasion positive group, more local recurrences were observed.
Conclusion
This study suggested that ureteral invasion in preoperative imaging is a significant risk factor for postoperative recurrence.
A study of monophasic supramolecular formulation of Sulpiride with P-glycoprotein efflux inhibitor to enhance solubility and intestinal permeability with molecular modeling insights
Authors: Pardhi Ekta R. , Tomar Devendra Singh , Khemchandani Rahul , Samanthula Gananadhamu , Singh Shashi Bala , Mehra Neelesh K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The aim of the study was to design and develop a supramolecular formulation of sulpiride (SUL) to enhance its solubility, dissolution, and permeability. This was accomplished by co-amorphizing SUL with Naringin (NARI) to improve its physicochemical properties. In addition, NARI was incorporated as a co-former to enhance the drug's intestinal permeability by targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. To confirm the intermolecular interaction and formation of the co-amorphous system, extensive characterization was performed. This included quantum mechanics-based molecular dynamics simulation studies investigating intermolecular interactions and phase transformation. The findings of the miscibility study, Radial Distribution Function (RDF) analysis, and quantitative simulations of hydrogen/π-π bond interactions helped in comprehending the co-amorphization aspects of SUL-NARI systems. Molecular docking studies were conducted to predict the in-silico biological activity. The solubility, dissolution, and ex-vivo permeability studies were performed to determine the extent of improvement in solubility, dissolution and flux, demonstrating 31.88-fold, 9.13-fold, and 1.91-fold increments, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the benefits of synthesizing a drug-nutraceutical supramolecular formulation to enhance the solubility and permeability of poorly soluble and permeable drug.
Solid electrolytes based on cellulose nanocrystals with protic ionic liquid for next-generation fuel cells
Authors: Jankowska Iga , Bielejewski Michał , Ławniczak Paweł , Pankiewicz Radosław , Tritt-Goc Jadwiga 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The search for solid electrolytes which have good proton conductivity in anhydrous conditions, thermal and mechanical stability, and are at the same time environmentally friendly and easy to manufacture is a big challenge which we have undertaken. This work presents new solid electrolytes based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with protic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (PIL) which have been obtained and whose thermal and conductivity properties and nanoscale organization has been determined. Two membranes were synthesized which differ as to the amount of absorbed PIL. They show excellent thermal stability up to 200 oC. The maximum value of ionic conductivity is about 10-2 S/m at 200 oC in anhydrous conditions and falls in the range of 10-3 – 10-2 S/m for temperatures from 150 to 200 oC. The correlation between the transport properties of membranes and their nanostructure has been probed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal and conductivity properties of the new materials can compete with currently available membranes. Further work on a composite with a similar chemical composition should lead to obtaining a membrane capable of operating in next-generation fuel cells (T > 120 oC).
Generative models improve fairness of medical classifiers under distribution shifts
Authors: Wiles Olivia , Albuquerque Isabela , Rebuffi Sylvestre-Alvise , Tanno Ryutaro , Roy Abhijit Guha , Azizi Shekoofeh , Belgrave Danielle , Kohli Pushmeet , Cemgil Taylan , Karthikesalingam Alan , Gowal Sven , Ktena Ira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Domain generalization remains a ubiquitous challenge for machine learning in healthcare. Model performance in real-world conditions might be lower than expected due to discrepancies between the data encountered in deployment environments and datasets used for model development. Under-representation of some groups or conditions during model development is a common cause of this phenomenon, which can have serious implications as it can exacerbate bias against groups, individuals or conditions and propagate unintended harms in their care. This challenge is often not readily addressed by targeted data acquisition and “labelling” by expert clinicians, which can be prohibitively expensive or practically impossible due to the rarity of diseases, conditions, or available clinical expertise. We hypothesize that advances in generative artificial intelligence may help mitigate this unmet need in a steerable fashion, algorithmically enriching our training dataset with synthetic examples that address shortfalls of underrepresented conditions or subgroups. We show that generative models can automatically learn realistic augmentations from data in a label-efficient manner. In particular, we leverage the higher abundance of unlabelled data to model the underlying distribution of different conditions and subgroups for an imaging modality. By conditioning generative models on appropriate labels (e.g., diagnostic labels and / or sensitive attribute labels), we can steer the distribution of synthetic examples according to specific requirements. We demonstrate that these learned augmentations make models more robust and statistically fair in- and out-of-distribution. To evaluate the generality of our approach, we study three distinct medical imaging contexts of varying difficulty: (i) histopathology images from a publicly available and widely adopted generalization benchmark, (ii) chest X-rays from publicly available clinical datasets, and (iii) dermatology images characterized by complex shifts and imaging conditions. The latter constitutes a particularly unstructured domain with various challenges. Two of these imaging modalities further require operating at a high-resolution, which requires developing faithful super-resolution techniques to recover fine details of each health condition. Complementing real training samples with synthetic ones improves the robustness of models in all three medical tasks and increases fairness by improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis within underrepresented groups. Our proposed approach leads to stark improvements out-of-distribution across modalities: 7.7% prediction accuracy improvement in histopathology, 5.2% in chest radiology with 44.6% lower fairness gap and a striking 63.5% improvement in high-risk sensitivity for dermatology with a 7.5x reduction in fairness gap.
Assessing Cognitive Features of Dementia Progression for Different Dementia Levels using Feature Selection
Authors: Thabtah Fadi , Peebles David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeDementia is a condition with symptoms of memory decline, cognitive impairment, and difficulties in language and problem-solving, among others. Early screening of dementia conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is fundamental for quick intervention, and disease management. Currently used neuropsychological assessments are either time-consuming, invasive require scarce resources, and often not cost effective. Therefore, identifying cognitive features for different dementia sub-groups during the condition’s progression is crucial. This study uses a cost-effective data driven approach to determine whether neuropsychological items change from one stage of dementia to another.MethodsUsing real cases and controls from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data repository (ADNI) who undertook the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive 13 (ADAS-Cog), we conducted a feature-feature assessment to derive influential cognitive features for specific dementia groups from baseline diagnosis up to 36 months.ResultsThe results reveal non-overlapping features (‘command’, ‘naming of objects’, and ‘ideational praxis’) from participants who had a baseline diagnosis of Cognitively Normal (CN) and progressed to AD. In addition, overlapping of cognitive elements was observed for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) subjects who advanced to AD.ConclusionThis study revealed influential cognitive subsets that are uniquely associated with certain dementia stages. The overlapping of features in groups that remained in mild cognitive impairment or progressed to light dementia argues against separating these groups on these features. Other features (e.g., ‘spoken language’ and ‘word recognition’ in the ‘Cog-MCI-AD’ sub-group) showed much less correlation, indicating that these should be investigated further when assessing patients with MCI.
Laserterapy for Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Peres Mariane de Lourdes Hernandes Martins , Goloni-Bertollo Eny Maria , Pavarino Erika Cristina , Nascimento Mariah Cristina Antunes do , Castanhole-Nunes Marcia Maria Urbanin , Galbiatti-Dias Ana Livia Silva 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) who had mucositis. The most were male, literate, white, smokers and and alcoholics. Mucositis is associated with age over 65 years and alcohol (age:OR:0.52;CI:0.37 0.74;p = 0.000/Alcohol:OR:1.90;CI:1.25–2.87;p = 0.002). There is significance for oropharyngeal site (OR:1.58;CI:1.02–2.43;p = 0.039), advanced clinical stage (OR:2.39;CI:1.18–4.85;p = 0.016) and chemotherapy (OR:0.61;CI: 0.41–0.91;p = 0.016) with mucositis. Grade 1 mucositis was present in 55.2% of patients, followed by 23.6% with grade 2 and 21.1% with grade 3. A total of 57.09% of patients with mucositis were submitted to lasertherapy and the mean time between the beginning of the treatment and the complaint of mucositis was six months; the mean time between the complaint of mucositis and the beginning of lasertherapy was 33 days. Normality test showed that there is a difference in the groups: mucositis Initial degree (K2 = 55.17;<0.000 1), number of lasertherapy (K2 = 112.2; p < 0.0001) and current degree (K2 = 45.50; p < 0.0001). There was significance of the initial and current degrees of mucositis (R = 0.41;p < 0.0001). Pearson's correlation was negative between mucositis current degree and the number of lasertherapy (R= -0.1423;p = 0.072). Patients with mucositis are male, with 65 years, white, literat, smokers and alcoholics. Oropharyngeal cancer and advanced stage are more likely to develop mucositis in the casuistic evaluated. Lasertherapy is effective in treatment of mucositis and can contribute to better life quality for patients with mucositis after treatment for HNC.
Quantifying liver fat using a low field unilateral MR system
Authors: von Morze Cornelius , Blazey Tyler , Conradi Mark S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition with a large impact on public health, but remains largely undetected among individual patients. MRI proton density fraction (MRI-PDFF) is the gold standard method for measuring liver fat content, but might be regarded as “overkill” for this diffuse liver disease process. There is a pressing current medical need for simpler non-invasive approaches to measure and track liver fat content over time, for which emerging unilateral permanent magnet MR technology is uniquely suited. In this study, we evaluate the potential of the barrel magnet system first described by Utsuzawa and Fukushima in 2017 to quantify liver fat content. We tested this novel unilateral MR system in oil-water suspensions and subsequently with ex vivo tissue samples from normal and fatty duck livers. In oil-water suspensions, the system provided good linear agreement between fat signal amplitudes derived from Bayesian analysis of MR signals and known oil content. Clear differences in water and fat signal amplitudes were also observed between normal and fatty liver samples. The ability to discriminate differences in fat content as little as 5% demonstrates clear potential clinical relevance for medical management of NAFLD using a scaled-up system designed for human studies.
Resource constraints lead to biased attention but decrease unethical behavior
Authors: Børsting Caroline K. , Elbaek Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Hochman Guy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Experiences of financial scarcity (i.e., perceptions of “having less than needed”) can distort decision-making, capture attention, and make individuals risk-seeking and short-term oriented. However, the influence of scarcity on information acquisition and ethical decision-making remains poorly understood. This eye-tracking study explored how acute financial scarcity affects ethical decision-making and shapes selective information search in an economic task with competing incentives (N = 60). Contrary to predictions, participants experiencing scarcity were less likely to cheat for economic gains, indicating that scarcity does not necessarily reduce ethical behavior. Participants displayed a strong attentional bias towards high-paying choices but did not act unethically. These findings might reveal a "moral boundary" dictating when attentional biases translate into decision-making. Our results contribute to understanding how individuals in scarcity contexts process and prioritize information in ethical decision-making, helping organizations and policymakers combat stereotypes surrounding resource-deprived individuals, and design evidence-based policy interventions promoting ethical behavior in financially scarce situations.
Ultrasound assessment of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients
Authors: Montoro Delia Valverde , Camacho Vanesa Rosa , González Lourdes Artacho , Alonso Jose M. Camacho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Over the last decade, ultrasonography has taken on an increasingly important role in the daily management of critically patients and has recently been suggested for measuring muscle volume and architecture. The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of ultrasound for measuring quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients and examine if demographic and clinical factors impact muscle loss in critically unwell children.
Methods: Prospective, observational, single-center study. All the children admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit requiring mechanical ven­tilation for more than 48 hours were included. Two trained clinicians measured the thickness of the quadriceps using a 12 MHz linear ultrasound transducer.
Results: In the entire cohort, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness decreased 4.67% (-13.4 to -0.59) between the first two assessments and 13% when considering the final measurement performed (-24% to -0.5%) or 1.57%/day (p < 0.001). Approximately half of all the children (23/41; 56%) experienced muscle atrophy (defined a priori as a >10% decrease in thickness). Bivariate analyses revealed that increasing age, being a child (vs. infant), cumulative energy and protein deficit, highest C-reactive protein value, exposure to neuromuscular blockers , and a longer stay in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit predicted a greater decrease in thickness. In a multivariate linear regression, exposure to NMB was linked with greater muscle loss.
Conclusions: In mechanically ventilated children, point-of-care ultrasonography can identify skeletal muscle atrophy. Limb muscle loss is strongly associated with the use of neuromuscular blockers. Ultrasound-based evaluation of the quadriceps femoris is a clinically useful tool for assessing muscle mass and it can serve as a surrogate for nutritional status and guide rehabilitation
Health Technology Readiness amongst Patients with Suspected Breast Cancer Using the READHY-tool - a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sollie Martin , Hansen Marianne , Thomsen Jørn Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Information technologies are increasingly used when informing patients about their disease, treatment and prognosis. These digital platforms have many advantages compared to traditional education interventions. There are concerns that some patients may have difficulty with this mode of information delivery. This warrants the question; are our patients ready for the transition towards more digital information technologies?
We aimed to assess health technology readiness profiles amongst women with a suspected breast cancer diagnosis. Secondly, we wanted to investigate the potential differences between these profiles according to sociodemographic factors and the patients´ current use of technology.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used the Readiness and Enablement Index for Health Technology (READHY) questionnaire. We included all patients (n=92) referred with suspected breast cancer.
Results
The cluster analyses identified three distinct profiles. Patients in profile 1 (n=54) demonstrated medium health technology readiness. Profile 2 (n=18) reported high scores on all parameters. Profile 3 (n=20) scored lowest on all parameters indicating problems with health literacy, eHealth literacy and insight into their health. Profile 3 also reported higher levels of emotional stress.
Conclusions
Our study found that most patients had medium to high health technology readiness, but we also identified a group with lower health technology readiness. Based on our results, healthcare personnel dealing with women with suspected breast cancer should be aware of patients struggling with health technology. Age and technology familiarity may indicate vulnerable patients. More studies investigating different modes of information delivery with follow-ups are needed.
Financial Behavior and Degrees of Financial Inclusion
Authors: Herrerias Renata , Alvarez Cecilia M. O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We explore nationwide data from the 2018 National Inclusion Survey of Mexico to examine the association between four degrees of financial inclusion and five short- and long-term financial behaviors. Results show that individuals who are financially included tend to report better financial behavior, but the relationship depends on the degree of financial inclusion and the specific behavior at hand. Financial inclusion is related to positive financial behaviors only when the household reports holding more than one financial product and regularly using them. We found no behavioral differences between unbanked households and those with accounts opened by a third party. JEL classification D14, G21, O16
Governing shared mobility: a comparison of the public policy goals being pursued in three cities
Authors: Castellanos Sebastian , Wright Katy , Grant-Muller Susan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Shared mobility services such as shared scooters, bikes, and ridehailing services have transformed the urban mobility landscape in recent years. In this paper we identify the goals that local governments are pursuing when regulating these private services. We also analyse the circumstances and motivations that led to the pursuit of these goals. For this, we carried out three in-depth case studies of cities where private companies had deployed shared mobility services: Bogotá, Colombia; Paris, France; and Los Angeles, USA. We found that there is a wide range of goals (34 distinct goals) that the governments of these cities are pursuing when attempting to regulate shared mobility services. However, only between three and four of these goals tend to dominate most of their actions. We also identified a mix of motivations for the pursuit of these goals: from the public interest of redressing past inequities, to circumstantial motivations such as appeasing the incumbents that have seen their businesses endangered by these new technologies. The academic literature converges on sustainability and equitable access being two of the primary goals to be pursued in transport policy, but our findings suggest that practitioners and policymakers are pursuing a range of other goals that do not fit neatly into these two theoretical categories.