bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New opportunities for the early detection and treatment of cognitive decline: adherence challenges and the promise of smart and person-centered technologies
Authors: He Zhe , Dieciuc Michael , Carr Dawn , Chakraborty Shayok , Singh Ankita , Fowe Ibukun E. , Zhang Shenghao , Lustria Mia Liza A. , Terracciano Antonio , Charness Neil , Boot Walter R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly detection of age-related cognitive decline has transformative potential to advance the scientific understanding of cognitive impairments and possible treatments by identifying relevant participants for clinical trials. Furthermore, early detection is also key to early intervention once effective treatments have been developed. Novel approaches to the early detection of cognitive decline, for example through assessments administered via mobile apps, may require frequent home testing which can present adherence challenges. And, once decline has been detected, treatment might require frequent engagement with behavioral and/or lifestyle interventions (e.g., cognitive training), which present their own challenges with respect to adherence. We discuss state-of-the-art approaches to the early detection and treatment of cognitive decline, adherence challenges associated with these approaches, and the promise of smart and person-centered technologies to tackle adherence challenges. Specifically, we highlight prior and ongoing work conducted as part of the Adherence Promotion with Person-centered Technology (APPT) project, and how completed work will contribute to the design and development of a just-in-time, tailored, smart reminder system that infers participants’ contexts and motivations, and how ongoing work might build toward a reminder system that incorporates dynamic machine learning algorithms capable of predicting and preventing adherence lapses before they happen. APPT activities and findings will have implications not just for cognitive assessment and training, but for technology-mediated adherence-support systems to facilitate physical exercise, nutrition, medication management, telehealth, and social connectivity, with the potential to broadly improve the engagement, health, and well-being of older adults.
Somatic FGFR2 is Required for Germ Cell Maintenance in the Mouse Ovary
Authors: Bird Anthony D , Frost Emily R , Bagheri-Fam Stefan , Croft Brittany M , Ryan Janelle M , Zhao Liang , Koopman Peter , Harley Vincent R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring sex determination in the mouse, fibroblast growth factor 9 signals through the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2c isoform (FGFR2c) to trigger Sertoli cell and testis development from 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). In the XX gonad, the FOXL2 and WNT4/RSPO1 pathways drive granulosa cell and ovarian development. The function of FGFR2 in the developing ovary, and whether FGFR2 is required in the testis after sex determination, is not clear. In fetal mouse gonads from 12.5 dpc, FGFR2 shows sexually dimorphic expression. In XX gonads, FGFR2c is coexpressed with FOXL2 in pregranulosa cells, whereas XY gonads show FGFR2b expression in germ cells. Deletion of Fgfr2c in XX mice led to a marked decrease/absence of germ cells by 13.5 dpc in the ovary. This indicates that FGFR2c in the somatic pregranulosa cells is required for the maintenance of germ cells. Surprisingly, on the Fgfr2c-/- background, the germ cell phenotype could be rescued by ablation of Foxl2, suggesting a novel mechanism whereby FGFR2 and FOXL2 act antagonistically during germ cell development. Consistent with low/absent FGFR2 expression in the Sertoli cells of 12.5 and 13.5 dpc XY gonads, XY AMH:Cre; Fgfr2flox/flox mice showed normal testis morphology and structures during fetal development and in adulthood. Thus, FGFR2 is not essential for maintaining Sertoli cell fate after sex determination. Combined, these data show that FGFR2 is not necessary for Sertoli cell function after sex determination but does play an important role in the ovary.
Trans-Interhemispheric Stereoelectroencephalography Depth Electrode Placement for Mesial Frontal Lobe Explorations in Medically Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note and Case Series
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Mallela Arka N. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Aung Thandar , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an established and safe methodology for extra-operative invasive monitoring in patients with medical refractory epilepsy. SEEG has several advantages such as the ability to record deep cortical structures, mapping the epileptogenic zone in a three-dimensional manner, and analyze bihemispheric regions without the need for bilateral craniotomies. In patients with bilateral hemispheric hypotheses, especially the mesial surface of frontal lobes, bilateral lead placement is compulsory to further define and localize the epileptogenic zone. In this particular cohort of patients, bilateral monitoring may be accomplished from a single entry point using trans-interhemispheric placement of the electrodes. The use of trans-interhemispheric monitoring offers several advantages including sparing the need for additional leads.

OBJECTIVE:
To test the hypothesis that, given the lack of the falx as a limiting structure in the ventral and mesial frontal lobe regions, trans-interhemispheric SEEG placement is feasible and a potential benefit for the SEEG method.

METHODS:
We report on 6 patients who underwent bilateral monitoring using trans-interhemispheric SEEG lead placement and discuss the operative technique.

RESULTS:
Six patients underwent trans-interhemispheric monitoring, with a median of 3 leads per patient (19 total). Trajectory error was minimal (<0.3 mm), and operating room time was comparable with that in previous reports. All leads were placed without adverse events, mislocalization, electrode hemorrhages, or any other complications. All patients had successful localization of the epileptogenic zone.

CONCLUSION:
Trans-interhemispheric SEEG to monitor the mesial wall of frontal lobe regions is technically feasible. No adverse events were observed, suggesting a favorable safety profile.
The baseless mutant links protein phosphatase 2A with basal cell identity in the brown alga Ectocarpus
Authors: Godfroy Olivier , Zheng Min , Yao Haiqin , Henschen Agnes , Peters Akira F. , Scornet Delphine , Colin Sebastien , Ronchi Paolo , Hipp Katharina , Nagasato Chikako , Motomura Taizo , Cock J. Mark , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The first mitotic division of the initial cell is a key event in all multicellular organisms and is associated with the establishment of major developmental axes and cell fates. The brown alga Ectocarpus has a haploid-diploid life cycle that involves the development of two multicellular generations: the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Each generation deploys a distinct developmental programme autonomously from an initial cell, the first cell division of which sets up the future body pattern. Here, we show that mutations in the BASELESS (BAS) gene result in multiple cellular defects during the first cell division and subsequent failure to produce basal structures during both generations. BAS encodes a type B″ regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and transcriptomic analysis identified potential effector genes that may be involved in determining basal cell fate. The bas mutant phenotype is very similar to that observed in distag (dis) mutants, which lack a functional Tubulin-binding co-factor Cd1 (TBCCd1) protein, indicating that TBCCd1 and PP2A are two essential components of the cellular machinery that regulates the first cell division and mediates basal cell fate determination.
A Group-Based, Videoconference-Delivered Physical Activity Program for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Leach Heather J. , Crisafio Mary E. , Howell Matthew J. , Nicklawsky Andrew , Marker Ryan J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Virtually supervised, group-based exercise presents an innovative way to expand the reach of exercise-oncology programs and help cancer survivors increase physical activity (PA) and connect with other participants. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a group-based PA program delivered exclusively using videoconferencing software.

Methods
This study used a single-group pre–post design. The 8-wk program consisted of aerobic and resistance exercise sessions once per week and three PA behavior change discussion sessions in groups of four to six. Feasibility was determined by enrollment, retention, safety, and adherence. Postprogram surveys evaluated acceptability using a Likert scale and open-ended responses. Changes in PA (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), quality of life (QOL; Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General), and upper and lower body muscular endurance (bicep curl and sit-to-stand test) were also evaluated.

Results
Enrollment was feasible (n = 61 of 65 who expressed interest in the program), and retention (86.9%) and adherence (88% for exercise, 91% for discussion) were high; no adverse events were reported. Participants (mean age, 59.9 ± 10.1 yr; 96.2% female; 64.2% ovarian cancer, 28.3% breast cancer, 7.5% other cancer) reported they enjoyed the program (median, 7 of 7), and videoconferencing software was easy to use and had good video and audio quality (median, 5 of 5). From preprogram to postprogram, participants increased their weekly minutes of aerobic (mean (SD) change, 82.4 (144.2)) and resistance (mean (SD) change, 31.9 (42.7)) PA; sit-to-stand (mean (SD) change, 1.4 (3.9)) and bicep curl (mean (SD) change, 5.3 (6.8)) repetitions; and emotional (mean (SD) change, 0.82 (2.3) points), functional (mean (SD) change, 1.2 (3.6) points), and total QOL (mean (SD) change, 3 (7.9) points; all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
A group-based PA program delivered using videoconference technology is feasible and acceptable for cancer survivors, and may increase PA and improve physical fitness and some aspects of QOL. A larger, controlled intervention is needed to determine efficacy, as well as pragmatic studies to directly compare this approach with conventional strategies (i.e., face-to-face programs).
Structure of the transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2) ectodomain and its lack of hyaluronidase activity
Authors: Niu Muyuan , McGrath Molly , Sammon Douglas , Gardner Scott , Morgan Rhodri Marc , Bubeck Doryen , Hohenester Erhard 
Published: February 2023

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major polysaccharide component of the extracellular matrix. HA has essential functions in tissue architecture and the regulation of cell behaviour. HA turnover needs to be finely balanced. Increased HA degradation is associated with cancer, inflammation, and other pathological situations. Transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2) is a cell surface protein that has been reported to degrade HA into ~5 kDa fragments and play an essential role in systemic HA turnover. Methods: We produced the soluble TMEM2 ectodomain (residues 106-1383; sTMEM2) in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and determined its structure using X-ray crystallography. We tested sTMEM2 hyaluronidase activity using fluorescently labelled HA and size fractionation of reaction products. Results: Our crystal structure of sTMEM2 confirms a remarkably accurate prediction by AlphaFold. sTMEM2 contains a parallel β-helix typical of other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, but an active site cannot be assigned with confidence. A lectin-like domain is inserted into the β-helix and predicted to be functional in carbohydrate binding. A second lectin-like domain at the C-terminus is unlikely to bind carbohydrates. Unexpectedly, we were unable to observe any HA degradation by sTMEM2. Our negative results set an upper limit for kcat of approximately 10-5 min-1. Conclusions: Although sTMEM2 contains domain types consistent with its suggested role in TMEM2 degradation, its hyaluronidase activity was undetectable. HA degradation by TMEM2 may require additional proteins and/or localisation at the cell surface.
Crystalline Air Cooled CW Laser
Authors: Gevorgian G.A. , Kahramanian K.E. , Kostanian R.B. , Kosheverskii E.V. 
Published: February 2023

In order to reduce the weight-size dimensions of the lasers and apply their atmospheric low temperetures, it is often needed to use air cooled lasers, instead of traditional water cooled ones. It is known [1], that the heat exchange ratio when cooled diffusely by air, is approximately by two orders of magnitude lower than that for the liquid cooling Therefore, creation of air cooled CW lasers with pump power up to 3kW is one of the actual problems of modern laser techniques. The main problem in creation of similar lasers is to obtain high heat transmission ratios in cooling channels, which will ensure for the lasers working temperature regimes to be near the ones when cooled by liquids. For obtaining such high ratios of heat transmission the authors of this paper succeeded in developing of the turbulence of the flow in the channels with straight flow of the air with Reynolds number

R

e

0.875

=

d
2

−

d
1

v

P

m
a
x

(

d
2

−

d
1

)

2
g

k

L
ρ

where d2-d1- is the hydraulic diameter of cooling channel, v-the kinematic viscosity of the air, Pmax-the maximal input pressure of the channel, g-free falling acceleration, k-hydraulic resistance ratio, L-the cooling channel's length, ρ- the air density. The principle of cooling is based on achieving an equality between the times of diffuse propagation of heated air molecule from the cooled object in the plane, perpendicular to the air flow and its running time from the channel's entrance along all its length. Inserting the number Re in the formula for calculating the heat exchange ratio [1]

α
=

λ

d
2

−

d
1

{
…
}
R

e

0.875

P

r
n

, we get its value for cooling channels of various dimensions and configurations, where λ- is the air heat conductivity, Pr - the Prandtl's number,

n
=
0.4
+

0.5

2
P
r
+
1

and figure brackets contain tabulated values of this formula and also constructive-technical parameters of the cooled channel very slightly influencing the heat exchange ratio's value.
A Self Consistent Model for thr Kinetics of a HybriD Laser
Authors: Girard F. , Borgard J.M. 
Published: February 2023

To improve CVL output power it has been shown that it is very interesting to reduce electronic density at the end of the post-discharge phase [1].
This attenuate the skin effect of the electromagnetic field and avoid an over-population of the lower laser levels before the lasing phase [2]. The HBr molecule can reduce the electronic density by dissociative attachment during the post-discharge [3].
Clinic-based SAMBA-II vs centralized laboratory viral load assays among HIV-1 infected children, adolescents and young adults in rural Zimbabwe: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kouamou Vinie , Machekano Rhoderick , Mapangisana Tichaona , Maposhere Caroline , Mutetwa Reggie , Manasa Justen , Shamu Tinei , McCarty Kathy , Munyati Shungu , Mutsvangwa Junior , Bogoshi Mampedi , Israelski Dennis , Katzenstein David 
Published: February 2023

Background
In Zimbabwe, children, adolescents and young adults living with HIV (CALWH) who are on public health antiretroviral therapy (ART) have inadequate viral load (VL) suppression. We assessed whether a clinic-based VL monitoring could decrease 12-month virologic failure rates among these CALWH.

Methods
The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03986099. CALWH in care at Chidamoyo Christian Hospital (CCH) and 8 rural outreach sites (ROS) on long-term community-based ART were randomized (1:1) to 6 monthly VL monitoring by COBAS®Ampliprep®/Taqman48® HIV-1 at the provincial referral laboratory (PRL) as per standard of care (SOC) or by the clinic-based SAMBA II assay, Diagnostics for the Real World, at CCH. VL suppression, turn-around-time (TAT) for VL results, drug switching and drug resistance in second-line failure were assessed at 12 months.

Results
Of 390 CALWH enrolled 347 (89%) completed 12 months follow-up. Median (IQR) age and ART duration were 14.1 (9.7–18.2) and 6.4 (3.7–7.9) years, respectively. Over half (57%) of the participants were female. At enrolment, 78 (20%) had VL ≥1,000 copies/ml and VL suppression of 80% was unchanged after 12 months, with no significant difference between the SOC (81%) and the clinic-based (80%) arms (p = 0.528). Median (IQR) months to confirmatory VL result at CCH vs PRL was 4.0 (2.1–4.4) vs 4.5 (3.5–6.3) respectively; p = 0.027 at 12 months. Drug switching was documented among 26/347 (7%) participants with no difference between the median (IQR) time to switch in SOC vs clinic-based arms (5.1 (3.9–10.0) months vs 4.4 (2.5–8.4) respectively; p = 0.569). Out of 24 confirmed second-line failures, only 4/19 (21%) had protease inhibitor resistance.

Conclusion
In rural Zimbabwe, the clinic-based SAMBA II assay was able to provide confirmatory VL results faster than the SOC VL assay at the PRL. However, this rapid TAT did not allow for a more efficient drug switch among these CALWH.
Lobar emphysema ratio of more than 1% in the lobe with lung cancer as poor predictor for recurrence and overall survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Jeong Pyo , Na Jae Bum , Choi Ho Cheol , Choi Hye Young , Kim Ji Eun , Shin Hwa Seon , Won Jung Ho , Jo Sa Hong , Hong Seok Jin , Yang Won Jeong , Kim Yang Won , Koo Byeong Ju , Jang In Seok , Park Mi Jung 
Published: February 2023

Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the lobar emphysema ratio (LER) and tumor recurrence and survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
We enrolled 258 patients with surgically proven stage I NSCLC. These patients underwent noncontrast chest CT, and pulmonary lobe segmentation and lobar emphysema quantification were performed using commercially available software. We assessed the LER in the lobe with lung cancer. We divided the patients into two groups according to the LER, and the cut-off value was 1. Furthermore, we analyzed the disease-free survival of high LER and other clinical factors after surgical resection.

Results
The 258 patients were divided into two groups: low LER (n = 195) and high LER (n = 63). The right upper lobe was the most frequent location in lung cancer and the most severe location in emphysema. In the Kaplan‒Meier curve, high LER showed a significantly lower disease-free survival (8.21 ± 0.27 years vs 6.53 ± 0.60 years, p = 0.005) and overall survival (9.56 ± 0.15 years vs. 8.51 ± 0.49 years, p = 0.011) than low LER. Stage Ib (2.812 [1.661–4.762], p<0.001) and high LER (2.062 [1.191–3.571], p = 0.010) were poor predictors for disease-free survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Stage Ib (4.729 [1.674–13.356], p = 0.003) and high LER (3.346 [1.208–9.269], p = 0.020) were significant predictors for overall survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion
A LER of more than 1% in the lobe with lung cancer is a poor predictor for cancer recurrence and overall survival in patients with stage I NSCLC.
Health-related quality of life and its associated factors among patients with asthma: A multi-centered cross-sectional study in selected referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Belachew Eyayaw Ashete , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Tadess Sumeya , Alemayehu Mekuriaw 
Published: February 2023

Background
Patients with asthma have a compromised health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to factors related sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors. This study assessed the HRQoL and its determinants in patients with asthma in selected public referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

Design, setting, and participants
A multicenter facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from August to October 2021. Participants were enrolled in the study using a systematic random sampling technique.

Main outcome measures
HRQoL was assessed using the asthma-specific quality of life tool Mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ). Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between independent variables and HRQoL. A p-value of < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 409 patients were included in the final analysis, and more than half (59.2%) of the subjects had a good health-related quality of life. Regarding HRQoL determinants, asthma control score (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.17; p 0.001), insurance user (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.29); p = 0.042), the high role of patient enablement (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.54; p 0.001), belief in asthma medication (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.10;p = 0.001), non-adherence to guidelines (β = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.47, -0.15; p < 0.001), and being homemaker (β = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.01; p = 0.040) were the significant predictors of HRQoL.

Conclusion
Overall, more than half of the study participants were found to have good HRQoL. HRQoL among adults with asthma was largely dependent on the level of asthma control. Socio-demographic, clinical, healthcare-related, and medication-related variables were significantly associated with health-related quality of life. Therefore, healthcare providers should include comprehensive asthma education along with an integrated treatment plan to improve asthma control and the HRQoL of patients.
Respiratory system impedance in different decubitus evaluated by impulse oscillometry in individuals with obesity
Authors: Holtz Mayara , Perossi Larissa , Perossi Jéssica , Oliveira dos Santos Daniele , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra , Gastaldi Ada Clarice 
Published: February 2023

Background and objective
The body posture can influence gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and mucociliary clearance and different positions can be used as a therapeutic strategy to improve in gas exchange and can also help physiotherapists to assist patients who have difficult or restrictions to stay seated or the ones who stay in the same position for a long period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different positions on respiratory system impedance in obese and eutrophic subjects, using Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS).

Methods
The IOS parameters were evaluated in seated (Se), right lateral decubitus (RL), left lateral decubitus (LL), and supine (Su).

Results
Sixty two volunteers were allocated in obese group (OG) or eutrophic group (EG) according to BMI. In seated position, OG showed higher impedance than EG for R5: 0.55 (0.31; 0.93) and 0.33 (0.24; 0.52); R20: 0.39 (0.23; 0.54) and 0.32 (0.03; 0.41); R5-R20: 0.13 (0.02; 0.47) and 0.01 (-0.08; 0.27); X5: -0.20 (-0.51; 0.16) and -0,10 (-0.016; -0.04); Fres: 20.59 (11.54; 36.45 and 10.69 (7.56; 24.7) (p<0.05) and the impedance were higher in the Su for both groups. Compared to Se, there were differences with Su (R5, R5-20, X5), with RL (R20), and with LL (R5, R20) for OG; and with Su (R5, R5-20, X5, Fres), with RL and LL (X5) for EG. Compared to Su, there were differences with RL and LL (R5-20, X5) for OG; and with RL (R5, R5-20, X5, Fres), and LL (R5-20, X5, Fres) for EG. There were no differences between RL and LL for OG and EG.

Conclusion
The respiratory system impedance is increased in OG, with greater contribution of peripheral resistance. The higher values of resistance and reactance were obtained in the supine position, in both groups, with lower differences obtained in the right and left lateral decubitus.