bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT educates college students about sexual violence and its impact on their mental health: a proposal
Authors: Folastri Sisca , Hambali I M , Ramli M , Akbar Sa’dun , Sofyan Afriyadi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
ChatGPT can be, as an interactive information platform, used to facilitate learning about the psychological effects of sexual violence. Since its approach is interactive and also that it is easily accessible, it can aid in the dissemination of information, the prevention of sexual violence and its treatment. Further, it can be incorporated into the curriculum to help raise awareness about this delicate subject and aid the affected students.
Association between wildfires and coccidioidomycosis incidence in California, 2000–2018: a synthetic control analysis
Authors: Phillips Sophie , Jones Isabel , Sondermyer-Cooksey Gail , Yu Alexander T. , Heaney Alexandra K. , Zhou Bo , Bhattachan Abinash , Weaver Amanda K. , Campo Simon K. , Mgbara Whitney , Wagner Robert , Taylor John , Lettenmaier Dennis , Okin Gregory S. , Jain Seema , Vugia Duc , Remais Justin V. , Head Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The frequency and severity of wildfires in the Western United States have increased over recent decades, motivating hypotheses that wildfires contribute to the incidence of coccidioidomycosis, an emerging fungal disease in the Western United States with sharp increases in incidence observed since 2000. While coccidioidomycosis outbreaks have occurred among wildland firefighters clearing brush, it remains unknown whether fires are associated with an increased incidence among the general population.

Methods:
We identified 19 wildfires occurring within California’s highly endemic San Joaquin Valley between 2003 and 2015. Using geolocated surveillance records, we applied a synthetic control approach to estimate the effect of each wildfire on the incidence of coccidioidomycosis among residents that lived within a hexagonal buffer of 20 km radii surrounding the fire.

Results:
We did not detect excess cases due to wildfires in the 12 months (pooled estimated percent change in cases: 2.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −29.0, 85.2), 13–24 months (7.9%; 95% CI = −27.3, 113.9), or 25–36 months (17.4%; 95% CI = −25.1, 157.1) following a wildfire. When examined individually, we detected significant increases in incidence following three of the 19 wildfires, all of which had relatively large adjacent populations, high transmission before the fire, and a burn area exceeding 5,000 acres.

Discussion:
We find limited evidence that wildfires drive increases in coccidioidomycosis incidence among the general population. Nevertheless, our results raise concerns that large fires in regions with ongoing local transmission of Coccidioides may be associated with increases in incidence, underscoring the need for field studies examining Coccidioides spp. in soils and air pre- and post-wildfires.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes carrying E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by mediating apoptosis signal-regulated kinase-1
Authors: Li Xuejun , Hu Xuanyi , Chen Qiansu , Jiang Tian 
Published: June 2023

Background
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes have been verified to perform an effective role in treating acute myocardial infarction (MI). Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of BMSC-derived exosomes carrying itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase (ITCH) in MI and the underlying mechanism involved.

Methods
BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and exosomes were extracted using ultra-high speed centrifugation. Exosomes uptake by cardiomyoblasts was determined by PKH-67 staining. Rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9C2 was stimulated by hypoxia, as in vitro model. H9C2 cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability was examined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of ITCH, apoptosis signal-regulated kinase-1 (ASK1), and apoptotic-related protein cleaved-caspase 3 and Bcl-2. Ubiquitination assay was employed to measure the levels of ASK1 ubiquitination.

Results
Exosomes derived from BMSCs were endocytosed by H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. BMSC-Exo downregulated cleaved-caspase 3 expression, upregulated Bcl-2 expression, further suppressed H9C2 cell apoptosis under hypoxia treatment, meanwhile the expression of ASK1 was downregulated, and similar effects were observed in BMSC-cultured supernatant (BMSC-S). However, these effects were reversed by exosome inhibitor GW4869. BMSC-derived exosomes enhanced ASK1 ubiquitination and degradation. Mechanically, exosomes of ITCH-knockdown BMSCs promoted H9C2 cell apoptosis and upregulated ASK1 expression. Overexpression of ITCH enhanced ASK1 ubiquitination and degradation. Further, the protein expression of ASK1 and cleaved-caspase 3 was upregulated and Bcl-2 protein expression was downregulated. ITCH-knockdown BMSC exosomes increased cardiomyoblast apoptosis.

Conclusion
BMSC-derived exosomes carrying ITCH suppressed cardiomyoblast apoptosis, promoted cardiomyoblast viability, and improved myocardial injury in AMI by mediating ASK1 ubiquitination.
Implant Size Selection on the Basis of Period, Parity, and Age: A 22-year Retrospective Analysis of 2591 Primary Augmentation Mammoplasties
Authors: Khan Umar Daraz 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The size of implants can be selected objectively or subjectively. However, there is a lack of information on whether there is a change in the trend in implant size selection or whether the parity or the age can have an impact on the implant size used.

Methods:
A retrospective study to analyze implant size selection following primary augmentation was performed. Data were divided into three groups. Group A had mammoplasties between 1999 and 2011 (group 1) and 2011 and 2022, respectively (group A2). Groups B and C were divided on the basis of age and the number of children.

Results:
Group A1 included 1902 patients and group A2 included 689 patients. Group B included three subgroups: group B1 included 1345 patients who were 18–29 years old, group B2 included 1087 patients who were 30–45 years old, and group B3 had 127 patients who were 45 years or older. Group C included four subgroups: group C1 had 956 patients without children, group C2 had 422 patients who had one child, group C3 had 716 patients who had two children, and group C4 had 453 patients who had three or more children.

Conclusions:
The data showed that there was a trend toward larger size implants, and patients with children had larger implants than nulliparous patients. There was no difference seen in implant size used when patients were compared on the basis of age.
The sex disparity in liver transplantation
Authors: Hogen Rachel , Witt Matthew Hunter , Dhanireddy Kiran 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the review
This review describes the sex disparity in liver transplantation (LT) and explains its underlying causes.

Recent findings
There is a small but persistent sex disparity in transplant rate and waitlist mortality that disappears once women are listed as Status 1. Allocation systems that could replace the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na with scores less reliant on serum creatine and muscle mass have the potential to alleviate part of the sex disparity. Women perform worse on frailty assessments and are more likely to have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A diagnosis of NASH is compounding risk factor for frailty.

Summary
Women remain disadvantaged in their access to LT despite multiple evolutions of the allocation system. An allocation system that relies less heavily on serum creatinine could partially alleviate the sex disparity. As NASH becomes more prevalent and frailty becomes more important in listing decisions, we may also need to carefully consider differences in the manifestations of frailty between the genders.
The Association of Tube Weaning and Oral Skill Development in Infants With Tube Dependency: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pahsini Karoline , Marinschek Sabine , Reininghaus Eva Z. , Dalkner Nina , Bengesser Susanne A. , Mörkl Sabrina , Russell Marion , Russel Asa N. , Scheer Peter J. , Dunitz-Scheer Marguerite 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
This study was the first of its kind by assessing oral skills development during and after applying the “Graz Model” of tube weaning.

Methods:
This prospective case series study included data of 67 (35 females, 32 males, treated from March 2018 to April 2019) tube dependent children, who participated in the effective “Graz Model” of tube weaning. Parents filled out the standardized Pediatric Assessment Scale for Severe Feeding Problems (PASSFP) prior to and immediately after completion of the program. Paired sample t tests were conducted to examine pre-to-post changes in the children’s oral skills.

Results:
The study showed that oral skills increased significantly during tube weaning PASSFP score of 24.76 (standard deviation, SD = 12.38) prior to versus 47.97 (SD = 6.98) after completion of the program. Furthermore, significant changes in their sensory and tactile perception and in their general eating behavior were observed. Children also showed reduced oral aversion symptoms and food pocketing, could enjoy their meals, and increased their food repertoire. Mealtime duration could be decreased, and parents were less anxious about their infants’ intake and less frustrated because of their children’s eating behavior.

Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that tube dependent children can improve their oral skills significantly during and after their participation in the child-led approach of the “Graz model” of tube weaning.
Feasibility of Telerehabilitation-Based Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Controlled, Assessor-Blinded Study
Authors: Yavas Ipek , Kahraman Turhan , Sagici Ozge , Ozdogar Asiye Tuba , Yigit Pinar , Baba Cavid , Ozakbas Serkan 
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose:
Urinary incontinence is a common symptom in people with multiple sclerosis. The primary aim was to investigate feasibility of telerehabilitation-based pelvic floor muscle training (Tele-PFMT) and compare its effects on leakage episodes and pad usage with home exercise-based pelvic floor muscle training (Home-PFMT) and control groups.

Methods:
Forty-five people with multiple sclerosis with urinary incontinence were randomized into 3 groups. Tele-PFMT and Home-PFMT groups followed the same protocol for 8 weeks, but Tele-PFMT performed exercises 2 sessions/week under a physiotherapist's supervision. The control group did not receive any specific treatment. Assessments were made at baseline, weeks 4, 8, and 12. Primary outcome measures were feasibility (compliance to exercise, patient satisfaction, and number of participants included in the study), number of leakage episodes, and pad usage. Secondary outcomes included severity of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms, sexual function, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.

Results:
Participant eligibility rate was 19%. Patient satisfaction and compliance to exercise were significantly higher in Tele-PFMT than in Home-PFMT (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the change of leakage episodes and pad usage were found between Tele-PFMT and Home-PFMT. No significant differences in secondary outcomes were found between PFMT groups. Participants in both the Tele-PFMT and Home-PFMT groups had significantly better scores for some measures of urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder and quality of life in compared with the control group.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Tele-PFMT was feasible and acceptable in people with multiple sclerosis, and this mode of delivery was associated with greater exercise compliance and satisfaction compared with Home-PFMT. However, Tele-PFMT did not exhibit superiority in terms of leakage episodes and pad usage compared with Home-PFMT. A large trial comparing Home-PFMT and Tele-PFMT is warranted.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A440).
Extrinsic Vascular Pathway Preservation Improves Survival in a Rat Three-Territory Flap Model Based on the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery
Authors: Xie Tingjun , Wang Miao , Zang Mengqing , Han Tinglu , Zhu Shan , Li Shanshan , Chen Zixiang , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Extended flaps are commonly applied for large defects. However, a postoperative flap necrosis incidence of 11% to 44% remains a major complication. Previous clinical studies have shown that maintaining the extrinsic vascular pathway (EVP) can increase the survival area of extended flaps. The authors hypothesized that preserving the EVP would improve flap survival by reducing blood resistance within the vascular territory.

Methods:
Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Tissue samples were obtained from eight untreated rats as a baseline control. Three-territory flaps were elevated in the remaining 16 rats. The EVP was preserved or ligated. Flap perfusion was assessed immediately using indocyanine green angiography. Rats were euthanized on day 7. The flap survival area was measured using Adobe Photoshop. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, CD31 immunostaining, and Western blot analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression were used to quantitatively assess vasodilation and angiogenesis in choke zones.

Results:
Indocyanine green angiography revealed that blood could flow through the preserved EVP and perfuse the third vascular territory of the flap. EVP preservation significantly increased flap survival area (86.3%, 19.3% difference; P < 0.001), promoted vasodilation (5.0/choke zone, 3.0/choke zone difference; P = 0.013) and angiogenesis (29.3/mm2, 14.3/mm2 difference; P = 0.002), and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression (0.6, 0.2 difference; P = 0.067) in the second choke zone.

Conclusions:
EVP preservation improves flap survival in this rat three-territory flap model. Further investigation in large-animal models is required for clinical translation.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Although further validation in large animal models and prospective clinical trials are necessary to verify the efficacy of the authors’ hypothesis, their findings suggest that the EVP preservation procedure could provide an alternative for surgeons to create an extended flap in defect reconstruction.
Heat stress and amphibian immunity in a time of climate change
Authors: Rollins-Smith Louise A. , Le Sage Emily H. 
Published: June 2023

As a class of vertebrates, amphibians, are at greater risk for declines or extinctions than any other vertebrate group, including birds and mammals. There are many threats, including habitat destruction, invasive species, overuse by humans, toxic chemicals and emerging diseases. Climate change which brings unpredictable temperature changes and rainfall constitutes an additional threat. Survival of amphibians depends on immune defences functioning well under these combined threats. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how amphibians respond to some natural stressors, including heat and desiccation stress, and the limited studies of the immune defences under these stressful conditions. In general, the current studies suggest that desiccation and heat stress can activate the hypothalamus pituitary–interrenal axis, with possible suppression of some innate and lymphocyte-mediated responses. Elevated temperatures can alter microbial communities in amphibian skin and gut, resulting in possible dysbiosis that fosters reduced resistance to pathogens.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology’.
Inpatient Outcomes Of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices and Bridging to Transplantation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hussain Bilal , Tarabanis Constantine , Dhulipala Vishal , Devarakonda Pradeepkumar , Maqsood Haisum , Moreno Pedro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveUnderstand the outcomes of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSD) and heart transplantation (HT) in patients with underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).IntroductionHCM can rarely cause severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and apical ballooning presenting as cardiogenic shock necessitating the use of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSD). Data on in-hospital outcomes of HCM patients placed on MCSD and receiving HT is limited.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (2016-2019) was used for the retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized for MCSD and HT using ICD-10 codes. These patients were divided into two cohorts, with and without HCM, and compared in terms of in-hospital mortality, trends in mortality rates, hospitalization costs and mean length of stay.ResultsAmong 254170 patients hospitalized for MCSD and HT, 12,000 patients had underlying HCM. Underlying HCM was associated with increased odds of mortality in patients receiving left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.18-7.93,p=0.02) and short-term MCSD (OR 1.8, CI 1.29-2.5, p<0.001. HCM was not associated with increased mortality in patients hospitalized for HT (OR 1.05, CI 0.42-2.6,p=0.9). Patients with HCM undergoing MCSD and HT had a longer mean length of stay (26.6 vs 14.4 days, p<0.0001), and higher mean hospitalization charges ($977797 vs $497590, p<0.0001) as compared to non-HCM patients.ConclusionUnderlying HCM is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing LVAD and short-term MCSD placement. Further prospective studies are required to expand our understanding of prognosis of HCM in patients undergoing MCSD and establish management guidelines.
Neurodivergence as a risk factor for Post-Covid-19 Syndrome
Authors: Raw Rachael K. , Rees Jon , Pearson Amy , Chadwick David R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeurodivergent (ND) individuals (e.g., Autistic people) are more likely to experience health problems that are characterised by central sensitisation ’. Recent research suggests that a so-called ‘Long-COVID’ syndrome might also be explained by a heightened response to internal physiological stimuli, much like in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Using a standardised assessment tool, we examined whether traits associated with Autism would predict long-term COVID-19 symptoms in 267 Healthcare Workers (HCW).. Higher autistic traits predicted COVID-19 symptoms that lasting more than 12 weeks regardless of formal autism diagnosis. A personality measure also showed that negative affect was associated with experiencing COVID-19 symptoms for 4-12 weeks, though the direction of causality in this case is uncertain. Limitations of the present study are 1) the retrospective nature of COVID-19 symptom reporting; 2) likely self-selection bias given the high number of HCWs who reported long-term COVID-19 symptoms; and 3) the gender-bias towards females in our sample.
Text-based Integration of Mutational Profiles for Classification and Biomarker Identification of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Teer Jamie K. , Park Margaret A. , Beato Francisca , McDonald Patricia , Fleming Jason B. , Permuth Jennifer B. , Chen Kwang-Cheng , Karolak Aleksandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationIntraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are a common cystic precursor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Detecting these pre-malignant lesions poses a challenge for diagnostic tools due to their relatively low occurrence rate. However, a better understanding of the lesions’ composition could enable effective decision-making, risk assessment, treatment selection, and, most importantly, prevention.MethodsIn this work, we introduce a new framework for integrating information from mutational profiles using transformer-based models for stratification and biomarker identification in IPMNs vs. PDAC. We show that the numerical descriptor vectors can be used to construct highly predictive Artificial Neural Networks for disease classification. The derived mutational representations can be supported by other data types (here, mRNA) and further improve the accuracy of the classifiers. Besides the AI-driven methodology for biomarker discovery in cancer research, we also propose methods to maximize AI’s utility by recycling its knowledge to facilitate our limited understanding of the disease. We propose Natural Adversary Analysis – an AI-driven inference to detect IPMNs with a high probability of progression to malignancy.ResultsThe proposed model supports 12 clinically relevant genetic biomarkers with high mutation rates (such asKRAS, GNAS, ARID1A, andCDKN2A) and suggests biomarkers not yet recognized (such asRADIL, TTN, andZNF287). We broaden the study’s scope by investigating rarely mutated genes and reveal 14 biomarkers with potential clinical importance. Several genes with low mutation rates, includingTMPRSS1, CDH22, CCND2, CYFIP2, CBLL1, andOPCML, are also addressed as potential biomarkers by our framework. Finally, the predictive robustness of the identified biomarker set is validated externally on the patient data from the Moffitt Cancer Center study, including six pairs of matched tumor and normal IPMN samples. We show that the presented mutational profile (MP-derived) gene panel has equivalent predictive power to clinically driven panels.ConclusionsHere, we show the proof-of-concept that AI can serve the clinic and discover biomarkers beyond clinically known regimes. In line with that, we propose a translational AI-based approach for 1) disease stratification (IPMNs vs. PDAC), 2) biomarker identification, and 3) transferring the model knowledge to predict cysts’ risk of progression.
Molecular imaging with aquaporin-based reporter genes: quantitative considerations from Monte Carlo diffusion simulations
Authors: Chowdhury Rochishnu , Wan Jinyang , Gardier Remy , Rafael-Patino Jonathan , Thiran Jean-Philippe , Gibou Frederic , Mukherjee Arnab 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAquaporins provide a new class of genetic tools for imaging molecular activity in deep tissues by increasing the rate of cellular water diffusion, which generates magnetic resonance contrast. However, distinguishing aquaporin contrast from the tissue background is challenging because water diffusion is also influenced by structural factors such as cell size and packing density. Here, we developed and experimentally validated a Monte Carlo model to analyze how cell radius and intracellular volume fraction quantitatively affect aquaporin signals. We demonstrated that a differential imaging approach based on time-dependent changes in diffusivity can improve specificity by unambiguously isolating aquaporin-driven contrast from the tissue background. Finally, we used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the connection between diffusivity and the percentage of cells engineered to express aquaporin, and established a simple mapping that accurately determined the volume fraction of aquaporin-expressing cells in mixed populations. This study creates a framework for broad applications of aquaporins, particularly in biomedicine and in vivo synthetic biology, where quantitative methods to measure the location and performance of genetic devices in whole vertebrates are necessary.