bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscular and hepatosplenic candidiasis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jahanshahi Amirreza , Nami Sanam , Hosein Pour Feizi Abbas Ali , Alihosseini Samin , Jaberinezhad Mehran , Abdollahi Mirsaeed , Rahimi Faezeh , Falahatian Masih 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageMuscular and subcutaneous candidiasis is a rare entity in immunocompromised patients, but it should be kept in mind when we see multiple cystic soft tissue masses in addition to target‐shaped hepatosplenic lesions in neutropenic patients. US and MRI are useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow‐up of these patients.AbstractSoft tissue candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and must always be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. In this case report, the patient is a 14‐year‐old boy with acute myeloid leukemia M3‐type who presented with numerous soft tissue and hepatosplenic candidal abscesses.
Large Eddy Simulation of Bubble Column Bubbly Flow Considering Subgrid‐Scale Turbulent Diffusion Effects and Bubble Oscillation
Authors: Long Shanshan , Yang Xiaogang , Yang Jie , Sommerfeld Martin , Xue Chenyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrough Euler/Euler large eddy simulation (LES) modeling, it is demonstrated that turbulent dispersion of bubbles can effectively indicate the impact of turbulent eddies on the bubble dynamics, i.e., the bubble oscillation behavior. This finding builds on previous work using the Euler/Lagrange LES modeling approach and leads to a significant improvement in predicting bubble lateral dispersion. Spatially filtered terms were proposed for the subgrid‐scale (SGS) turbulent dispersion and added mass stress force models, with a modification made to the SGS eddy viscosity to reflect bubble turbulent dispersion and oscillations. The proposed model substantially improves the prediction of bubble volume fraction distribution, bubble and liquid phase velocity profiles, the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum, and mass transfer.
Photoinduced NiH Catalysis with Trialkylamines for the Stereodivergent Transfer Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Hu Tingjun , Jaber Mohammad , Tran Gaël , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno , Amgoune Abderrahmane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report a selectivity‐switchable nickel hydride‐catalyzed methodology that enables the stereocontrolled semi‐reduction of internal alkynes to E‐ or Z‐alkenes under very mild conditions. The proposed transfer semi‐hydrogenation process involves the use of a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic system and triethylamine, not only as a sacrificial reductant, but also as a source of hydrogen atoms. Mechanistic studies revealed a pathway involving photo‐induced generation of nickel hydride, syn‐hydronickelation of alkyne, and alkenylnickel isomerization as key steps. Remarkably, mechanistic experiments indicate that the control of the stereoselectivity is not ensuing from a post‐reduction alkene photoisomerization under our conditions. Instead, we demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of the reaction is dependent on the rate of a final protonolysis step which can be tuned by adjusting the pKa of an alcohol additive.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Multifunctionalized Substituted Alkynes to Quinolinone Derivatives under Mild Conditions†
Authors: Voronov Aleksandr , Pancrazzi Francesco , Constantin Ana Maria , Maggi Raimondo , Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo , Olivieri Diego , Carfagna Carla , Casnati Alessandro , Rispoli Francesco , Baldini Laura , Ca Nicola Della 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA highly selective palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of 2‐alkynylanilines bearing an amide moiety to condensed six‐membered heterocyclic structures has been developed under mild conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure of CO). The carbonylative protocol is also compatible with CO surrogates, such as benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) or the newly developed calix[6]arenes functionalized with six formate groups (CLX[6]CO), which are both capable to release CO in situ. A series of tricyclic fused heterocycles containing the important oxazino‐quinolinone scaffold have been selectively obtained (only the 6‐endo‐dig cyclization mode has been observed) in good to excellent yields (up to 99%).
Designing and regulating catalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution in acid electrolytes
Authors: Yuan Cheng‐Zong , Zhao Hongrui , Huang Siyu , Li Jiang , Zhang Lunliang , Zhao Wekai , Weng Yao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Ye Shufeng , Chen Yunfa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer has been considered a versatile approach for practical H2 production. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media with complicated proton‐coupled electron transfer steps possesses sluggish kinetics and high reaction barriers, severely hindering the development of PEM water electrolyzers. Consequently, high‐efficient Ru‐ and Ir‐based catalysts have always been essential to accelerate the OER rate and lower the reaction barrier in PEM water electrolyzer. Therefore, it is very necessary to construct low‐cost catalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performances to replace these noble metal‐based OER electrocatalysts. In this review paper, a detailed discussion towards fundamentally comprehending the reaction mechanisms of OER was conducted. Accordingly, we proposed the principles of designing advanced OER electrocatalysts with enhanced performances and lowered costs. After that, recent developments in designing various acidic OER electrocatalysts were summarized. Meanwhile, the available regulation strategies about noble metals, nonprecious metals, and metal‐free nanomaterials were presented, which are promising for tuning the electronic structures, boosting the electrocatalytic performances, and reducing the costs of electrocatalysts. We also provided the existing challenges and perspectives of various OER electrocatalysts, hoping to promote the development of PEM water electrolyzers.
One‐Pot Polyol Synthesis and Scalable Production of Rh−Pd Alloy Nanorods with Tunable Compositions
Authors: Zhou Ming , Wang Chenxiao , Wang Helan , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCombining different precious metals to generate alloy nanocrystals with desirable shapes and compositions remains a challenge because of the low miscibility between these metals and/or the different reduction potentials of their salt precursors. Specifically, Rh and Pd are considered to be immiscible in the bulk solid over the entire composition range. Here we demonstrate that Rh−Pd alloy nanorods with well‐distributed and tunable compositions can be synthesized using a one‐pot polyol method. The success of our synthesis relies on the introduction of bromide as a coordination ligand to tune the redox potentials of Rh(III) and Pd(II) ions for the achievement of co‐reduction. The atomic ratio of the Rh−Pd alloy nanorods can be facilely tuned by changing the molar feeding ratio between the two precursors. We also systematically investigate the effects of water on the morphology of the Rh−Pd alloy nanocrystals. In an attempt to promote future use of these alloy nanorods, we successfully scale up their synthesis in a continuous‐flow reactor with no degradation to the product quality.
Blockchain‐enabled joint trust (RF‐AOA‐HTSA) algorithm‐based multiobjective clustering protocol for wireless sensor network
Authors: Meenakshi B. , Karunkuzhali D. , Ali Syed Muqthadar 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIn this article, blockchain‐enabled hybrid Red Fox optimization and arithmetic optimization approach‐based cluster head selection along Hazelnut tree search algorithm (HTSA)‐based optimal trust path selection is proposed to secure data transmission at wireless sensor network. The proposed BC‐Hyb‐RF‐AOA‐HTSA‐WSN method consists of two phases: (i) to find optimum cluster head (CH) and (ii) to find optimal trust path. Firstly, hybrid Red Fox optimization approach and arithmetic optimization algorithm are employed to select cluster head accurately. After CH selection, HTSA is used to find trust route from several routes, which is finalized optimally with the joint trust that depends on trust parameters. Finally, blockchain is provided with optimized, carefully chosen trust routes for communication. The proposed BC‐Hyb‐RF‐AOA‐HTSA‐WSN method is activated in NS2 tool. The proposed technique achieves lesser delays of 98.38%, 92.34%, and 97.45%, better delivery ratios of 89.34%, 83.12%, and 88.96%, and lower packet drops of 91.25%, 79.90%, and 92.88% compared with the existing techniques, such as BC‐FA‐ROA‐WSN, BC‐RDA‐WSN, and BC‐HRDSS‐WSN.
Illuminate the Functions of Dark Proteins Using the Reactome‐IDG Web Portal
Authors: Beavers Deidre , Brunson Timothy , Sanati Nasim , Matthews Lisa , Haw Robin , Shorser Solomon , Sevilla Cristoffer , Viteri Guilherme , Conley Patrick , Rothfels Karen , Hermjakob Henning , Stein Lincoln , D'Eustachio Peter , Wu Guanming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstudied or dark proteins have the potential to shed light on as‐yet undiscovered molecular mechanisms that underlie phenotypes and suggest innovative therapeutic approaches for many diseases. The Reactome‐IDG (Illuminating the Druggable Genome) project aims to place dark proteins in the context of manually curated, highly reliable pathways in Reactome, the most comprehensive, open‐source biological pathway knowledgebase, facilitating the understanding functions and predicting therapeutic potentials of dark proteins. The Reactome‐IDG web portal, deployed at https://idg.reactome.org, provides a simple, interactive web page for users to search pathways that may functionally interact with dark proteins, enabling the prediction of functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. Enhanced visualization features implemented at the portal allow users to investigate the functional contexts for dark proteins based on tissue‐specific gene or protein expression, drug‐target interactions, or protein or gene pairwise relationships in the original Reactome's systems biology graph notation (SBGN) diagrams or the new simplified functional interaction (FI) network view of pathways. The protocols in this chapter describe step‐by‐step procedures to use the web portal to learn biological functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Search for interacting pathways of a proteinSupport Protocol: Interacting pathway results for an annotated proteinAlternate Protocol: Use individual pairwise relationships to predict interacting pathways of a proteinBasic Protocol 2: Using the IDG pathway browser to study interacting pathwaysBasic Protocol 3: Overlaying tissue‐specific expression dataBasic Protocol 4: Overlaying protein/gene pairwise relationships in the pathway contextBasic Protocol 5: Visualizing drug/target interactions
Scientific communities of practice: K–12 outreach model around organism responses to repeated hurricane disturbances
Authors: Easley Kathleen M. , Zimmerman Jess K. , McGee Steven , McGee‐Tekula Randi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollaboration between ecologists and learning scientists can give rise to powerful models for scientific outreach within ecology. This paper presents a process by which learning scientists and ecologists codesigned a science curriculum that invites students to join an ecological community of practice. In the Journey to El Yunque middle school science curriculum, students engage with simulation models generated from data gathered by Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LUQ LTER) scientists. Journey to El Yunque students can explore post‐hurricane population changes in yagrumo (Cecropia schreberiana), tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa), coquís (Eleutherodactylus coquí), snails (Caracolus caracola), anoles (Anolis stratulus and A. gundlachi), veiled stinkhorn mushrooms (Dictyophora indusiata), and caterpillars (Historis odius). Ecology‐based revisions to Journey to El Yunque have included adding models of the effects of repeated hurricanes on limiting factors, based in part on findings from a canopy trimming experiment. Revisions based on classroom testing include simplifying student‐facing model controls to allow students to focus on the essential model components. The ongoing collaboration that keeps the Journey to El Yunque curriculum on the cutting edge of ecological and educational advances has been sustained for over two decades. We attribute the longevity of this work to (1) the long‐term nature of LUQ LTER, (2) a sustained interdisciplinary collaboration, and (3) our long‐term relationships with schools.
Evaluation of the effects of three arsenolipids on liver damage based on element imbalance and oxidative damage
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Zhong Yingxiong , Liu Xiaofei , Wang Zhuo , Chen Jianping , Song Bingbing , Li Rui , Jia Xuejing , Zhong Saiyi , Kang Xinhuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified semimetal arsenic as a human carcinogen. Arsenic poisoning can severely impact human health. Arsenic can be classified into inorganic and organic arsenic, with arsenolipids (AsLs) belonging to the category of organic arsenic. The primary species of AsLs include arsenic‐containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), fatty acids, and phospholipids. AsLs are highly abundant in marine organisms and diet may be the primary source of exposure to AsLs. Although increasing evidence shows that AsLs are cytotoxic to humans, the specific toxicity and its mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity and possible mechanisms of the toxic effects of AsLs in mice. Three AsLs (AsHC 332, AsHC 346, and AsHC 374) were administered via gavage at a dose of 3 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The results showed that short‐term exposure did not affect the normal growth and development of mice. However, it caused liver damage in mice, mainly by disrupting the metabolism of selenium, copper, zinc, and other elements related to the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, thereby reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of related genes. The liver damage effect of AsHC 332 was the strongest among the three AsLs.
Dataset of detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions for the late Paleozoic–Mesozoic strata in the North China block
Authors: Yang Wentao , Li Qiang , Yang Jianghai , Fang Te , Ma Rui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe construction of databases of detrital zircon is important for Earth science research. A total of 27,915 U–Pb ages and 4,968 Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the upper Paleozoic–Mesozoic strata of the North China Block were compiled from articles in the Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. This dataset yields five age groups, at 3.9–1.0 Ga, 1,000–540 Ma, 540–360 Ma, 360–240 Ma and 240–95 Ma. The 3.9–1.0 Ga group has two peaks at ~2.5 and ~ 1.85 Ga. The 1,000–540 Ma and 540–380 Ma groups have three peaks at ~920 Ma, 780–750 Ma and ~ 440 Ma. Detrital zircon grains with ages of 360–240 Ma have multiple age peaks at ~380, ~320, ~280 and ~250 Ma. The group with ages of 240–95 Ma yields four peak ages at ~220, ~180, ~160 and ~120 Ma. Corresponding εHf(t) values range from −81.3 to +41.9, with two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 4,335–204 Ma. This dataset provides a comprehensive and systematic archive of detrital zircon data for Paleozoic–Mesozoic successions in the North China Block, which can be used to track tectono‐sedimentary and crustal evolution. In using this dataset, two issues need to be considered. First, the number of detrital zircon analyses from each sample varies markedly, which may influence the interpretation of the dataset. Second, there may be large uncertainties in the stratigraphic ages assigned to the samples.
Temporal variations of chemical and isotopic compositions in the river draining the Changbaishan volcanic area: The role of hydrological changes and volcanic activities
Authors: Wang Linan , Zhong Jun , Zhang Mao‐Liang , Liu Guo‐Ming , Fan Zhuanpu , Xu Sheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVolcanic activities are known to release a substantial amount of deep carbon to the Earth's surface, thereby influencing the global carbon cycle on geological timescales. It is crucial to clarify the contribution of deep carbon and its changes under hydrological variations in rivers draining volcanic areas. This study reported the temporal variations of chemical compositions and isotopic compositions (δ13C and Δ14C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the Erdaobai River, which drains the Changbaishan volcanic area. The results showed that hydrothermal fluids had a considerable impact on the chemical and carbon isotopic compositions in this study area. The chemical mass balance model indicated that hydrothermal fluids composed 4.6 ± 0.7% of the water budget for the Erdaobai River. Additionally, the isotopic mixing model of Δ14CDIC showed that hydrothermal DIC accounted for 83.6 ± 1.9% and 40.8 ± 3.7% of the DIC budget for the upstream and downstream, respectively, and the proportion of hydrothermal contribution also varied in a narrow range in response to hydrological changes. However, the DIC and dissolved organic carbon fluxes showed significant seasonal variations, verifying the controlling role of hydrological processes. This study highlighted the impact of hydrological processes and deep carbon release on the carbon budget in the volcanic catchment, which is of great significance for understanding atmospheric CO2 balance and climate change.
Long‐term usage patterns and clinical outcomes in a community‐based differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery programme in South Africa
Authors: Lewis Lara , Sookrajh Yukteshwar , van der Molen Johan , Khubone Thokozani , Maraj Munthra , Sosibo Phelelani , van Heerden Rose , Little Francesca , Kassanjee Reshma , Garrett Nigel , Dorward Jienchi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is little data on long‐term implementation and outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery programmes. We aimed to analyse usage patterns of and associated treatment outcomes in a community ART programme, within the Centralized Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution programme, in South Africa over 3.5 years.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study among PLHIV on first‐line ART who were eligible for community ART delivery between October 2016 and March 2019, from 56 urban clinics in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Follow‐up ended in March 2020. We measured referral rates and, among those referred, we characterized patterns of community ART usage using group‐based trajectory modelling following referral. We used survival analysis to measure the association between community ART usage and loss‐to‐care (no visit for ≥365 days) and logistic regression to measure the association between community ART usage and viraemia (≥50 copies/ml).ResultsAmong the 80,801 patients eligible for community ART, the median age was 36 years, 69.8% were female and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up time was 22 (13–31) months. In total, 49,961 (61.8%) were referred after a median of 6 (IQR 2–13) months from first eligibility. After referral, time spent in community ART varied; 42% remained consistently in community ART, 15% returned to consistent clinic‐based care and the remaining 43% oscillated between community ART and clinic‐based care. Following referral, the incidence of loss‐to‐care was 3.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.71–4.15) per 100 person‐years during periods of community ART usage compared to 5.75 (95% CI: 5.28–6.25) during clinic‐based care. In multivariable models, community ART usage was associated with a 36% reduction in the hazards of loss‐to‐care (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.57–0.72]). The proportion of patients who became viraemic after first community ART referral was 5.2% and a 10% increase in time in community ART was associated with a 3% reduction in odds of viraemia (adjusted odds ratio: 0.97 [95% CI: 0.95–0.99]).ConclusionsCommunity ART usage patterns vary considerably, while clinical outcomes were good. Promoting consistent community ART usage may reduce clinic burden and the likelihood of patients being lost to care, while sustaining viral suppression.
A practical method for rapid discrimination of constituents in Psoraleae Fructus by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Tang Luhuan , Wu Mengru , Shu Lexin , Xu Yanyan , Yao Yaqi , Li Yubo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPsoraleae Fructus (PF) is one of the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine, which has good efficacy in warming kidney to activate yang, promoting inspiration to relieve asthma and warming spleen to stop diarrhea. However, the chemical composition of PF is complex, which makes it difficult to determine its active and toxic components. In order to rapidly classify and identify the chemical components of the extracts from PF, this research was processed with CNKI, PubMed, and PubChem databases and data post‐processing technique basing on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS) technique. Finally, 73 chemical components were discriminated, including 44 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, and 11 terpenoids, with the cleavage rules of each chemical component summarized. This study established a UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS method for the separation and discrimination of the chemical constituents of PF, which can lay a foundation for the further study of its medicinal substances and quality control.
Isoindigo‐Based Dual‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Incorporated Conjugation Length and Intramolecular Charge Transfer for High‐Efficient Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Hongsen , Deng Jinni , Pan Yi , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotothermal tumor therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PA) have emerged as promising noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. However, the development of efficient PTT agents with high photostability and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption remains challenging. This study synthesizes three isoindigo‐based dual‐acceptor conjugated polymers (CPs) (P‐IIG‐TPD, P‐IIG‐DPP, and P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT) via a green and nontoxic direct arylation polymerization (DArP) method and characterizes their optical, electrochemical, and NIR photothermal conversion properties. By incorporating two acceptors into the backbone, the resulting polymers exhibit enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) due to improved synergy among conjugation length, planarity, and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The nanoparticles (NPs) of P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT and P‐IIG‐DPP have a uniform size distribution around 140 nm and exhibit remarkable NIR absorption at 808 nm. In addition, P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT and P‐IIG‐DPP NPs exhibit high PCEs of 62% and 78%, respectively. This study promotes the molecular design of CPs as NIR photothermal conversion materials and provides guidance for the development of novel dual‐acceptor CPs for tumor diagnosis and treatment.