bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalized patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies who have low complement levels are at increased risk for death—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Itelman Edward , Perelman Maxim , Bivar Natali , Kent Daniella , Vaisman Adva , Segal Gad , Negru Liat , Dagan Amir 
Published: March 2023

Purpose To investigate whether low complement levels can predict worse outcomes in patients hospitalized with positive anti-phospholipid antibodies. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. We obtained demographics, laboratory, and prognostic data of all consecutive patients hospitalized between 2007 and 2021, for whatever reason, with at least one positively abnormal anti-phospholipid antibody, who were also tested for complement levels (C3 or C4). We then compared the rates of long-term mortality, 1-year mortality, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli between groups of low complement and normal complement levels. Multivariate analysis was used to control for levels of clinical and laboratory confounders. Results We identified 32,286 patients tested for anti-phospholipid antibodies. Of those patients, 6800 tested positive for at least one anti-phospholipid antibody and had a documented complement level. Significant higher mortality rates were found in the low complement group, with an odds ratio for mortality (OR 1.93 CI 1.63–2.27 p < .001). Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli rates were similar. Multivariate analysis confirmed that low complement was an independent predictor for mortality after controlling for age, sex, dyslipidemia, chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and anemia. Conclusions Our study results indicate that low complement is associated with significantly higher mortality rates in admitted patients with elevated levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies. This finding correlates with recent literature suggesting a vital role for complement activation in anti-phospholipid syndrome.
An Examination of Memory Performance in a Fearful Virtual Reality Gaming Context
Authors: Lo L. Y. , Ip C. L. 
Published: March 2023

Background The emotion of fear bears a survival significance enabling animals to be highly vigilant in contexts of uncertainty. Expectedly, not all information available in the environment can be processed. Given that a major goal is to get rid of the source of fear in a fearful situation, the current study therefore hypothesized that information relating to the fear source would be better attended to and recalled than contextual information, which was validated by comparing participants’ recall of different types of information presented in a fearful VR gaming context. Methodology Fifty-four participants were divided into two groups and finished a specific segment of a VR game with different fear levels. Results No significant difference in recall performance on the questions about the appearance of the fear source and the questions about the interaction with the source was observed between the fear and less-fear groups. Yet, contextual information was better recalled than information related to the fear source in both groups. Regardless of whether the contextual information was provided beforehand or not, participants still tended to focus primarily on the environment in the gameplay. Also, the immersiveness of the gameplay was positively related to participants’ fear level. Discussion The tendency of attending to contextual information was speculated to be unconditional, in line with the risk calculation observed in prey when situated in less familiar contexts. It was suggested to further validate the present primarily findings by adopting VR headset with eye-tracking function in future studies. Lastly, an understanding of fear’s effect on memorization might also provide some information for developing future survival horror games.
Dress is a Fundamental Component of Person Perception
Authors: Hester Neil , Hehman Eric 
Published: March 2023

Academic Abstract Clothing, hairstyle, makeup, and accessories influence first impressions. However, target dress is notably absent from current theories and models of person perception. We discuss three reasons for this minimal attention to dress in person perception: high theoretical complexity, incompatibility with traditional methodology, and underappreciation by the groups who have historically guided research in person perception. We propose a working model of person perception that incorporates target dress alongside target face, target body, context, and perceiver characteristics. Then, we identify four types of inferences for which perceivers rely on target dress: social categories, cognitive states, status, and aesthetics. For each of these, we review relevant work in social cognition, integrate this work with existing dress research, and propose future directions. Finally, we identify and offer solutions to the theoretical and methodological challenges accompanying the psychological study of dress. Public Abstract Why is it that people often agonize over what to wear for a job interview, a first date, or a party? The answer is simple: They understand that others’ first impressions of them rely on their clothing, hairstyle, makeup, and accessories. Many people might be surprised, then, to learn that psychologists’ theories about how people form first impressions of others have little to say about how people dress. This is true in part because the meaning of clothing is so complex and culturally dependent. We propose a working model of first impressions that identifies four types of information that people infer from dress: people’s social identities, mental states, status, and aesthetic tastes. For each of these, we review existing research on clothing, integrate this research with related work from social psychology more broadly, and propose future directions for research.
Novel insights into modifiable risk factors for arteriovenous fistula failure and the importance of CKD lipid profile: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Shizhuo , Liu Naimeng , Fu Yingli , Sun Mindan 
Published: March 2023

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure can occur in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). In this study, we explored the correlation between hyperlipidemia and AVF failure in patients undergoing HD. Moreover, we compared the lipid profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with those of healthy people to provide a basis for lipid-lowering in patients undergoing HD. Method and analysis: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, the China Science Periodical Database, and the China Science and Technology Journal Database. The final search was conducted on August 31, 2021, and the search period was restricted between 2000 and August 31, 2021, without publication restrictions. All studies met the inclusion criteria, and the influences of sex, age, geographical location, diagnosis method, and publication year were excluded. The data were analyzed using the random-effects model and the fixed-effects model. Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis with 121,666 patients in the CKD group and 1714 patients in the AVF failure group. Triglyceride concentration in patients with CKD was higher than in healthy subjects (MD: −31.56, 95% CI: −41.23 to −21.90, p < 0.00001). A high total cholesterol (TC) concentration (MD: 6.97, 95% CI: 2.19–11.74, p = 0.004) and a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (MD: 23.83, 95% CI: 18.48–29.18, p < 0.00001) were associated with AVF failure. Furthermore, HDL-C was lower in the AVF failure group than in the AVF patency group (MD: −2.68, 95% CI: −4.60 to −0.76, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that the AVF failure may be related to the increase of TC/LDL-C and the decrease of HDL-C. Although current guidelines do not consider intensive lipid-lowering therapy as necessary in patients undergoing HD, our research indicates that patients with AVF undergoing HD may need regular TC/LDL-C-lowering therapy to prevent AVF failure. However, this issue still needs well designed prospective trials.
Advice for autistic people considering a career in academia
Authors: Jones Sandra C 
Published: March 2023

Academia is underpinned by an apprenticeship model, with increasing recognition of the need for a ‘cognitive apprenticeship’ model in which the methods and strategies of academic success are learnt through participation in a community of inquiry. Autistic people face systemic barriers in academia, as in other professions, and these may be exacerbated by a model based on learning by observing and modelling. This study sought to obtain specific practical advice for autistic people considering a career in academia, from the perspective of those already working within the academy. Thirty-seven autistic academics provided written reflections on the advice they would give a young person considering a career in academia. Five key themes were generated from these reflections: know the role, find the right people, know (and value) yourself, remember well-being and proceed with caution but with passion. Lay abstract One of the recognised strengths of autistic people is their ability to absorb and retain large amounts of information; autistic children and adolescents are often described as ‘little professors’. So, is the life of a university researcher or teacher the ideal career for an autistic person? In this study, 37 autistic people working in universities and colleges provide advice to young people considering a future career as an academic. They emphasise the importance of understanding the complexities and requirements of the role, understanding and valuing yourself and your strengths, and finding the right people to work with and learn from. They also discuss the importance of maintaining a balance between work and well-being, and between caution and passion. The life of an academic can be ideally suited to an autistic person, but it can also be very challenging.
Dementia-Friendly Communities: Exploring Terms used to Describe Dementia, Attitudes and Reactions Towards People with Dementia in Ilembe District, South Africa
Authors: Mfene Xoli P , Pillay Basil J 
Published: March 2023

Background People with dementia often experience stigma, abuse and social exclusion in their communities. Thus, developing dementia-friendly communities is a priority in the fight against dementia. Objectives This study investigated communities' attitudes towards people with dementia by exploring the colloquial terms referring to dementia and the social tolerance toward people with dementia. Methods A cross-sectional household study, using individual interviews, was conducted in the iLembe district, South Africa, with 300 participants aged ≥18 years. Data was collected between 2018 and 2019. Data was analysed using descriptive and reflexive thematic analyses. Results Two themes related to local dementia terms were identified: (i) There are no known local terms synonymous with the term dementia; (ii) Communities use inaccurate and stigmatizing terms to describe dementia. The terms identified did not accurately describe dementia, and others had negative connotations toward people with dementia. Although most participants reported being tolerant, neighbourly, and friendly towards people with dementia, their tolerance decreased when personal interaction was required with a person with dementia. Most participants reported a more agreeable attitude when considering being neighbours rather than family members of people with dementia, and 50.3% reported that their communities discriminate against older people with dementia. Conclusion The identified dementia terms did not promote dementia-friendly societies. Appropriate dementia terms are crucial for changing social intolerance and negative perceptions of people with dementia and promoting a dementia-friendly culture in South African communities. Terms that encourage and perpetuate stigma against people with dementia must be replaced with terms that promote inclusion and tolerance.
Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop in Adult Population With Type 1 Diabetes: A Substudy From the ADAPT Randomized Controlled Trial in Users of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: van den Heuvel Tim , Kolassa Ralf , Keuthage Winfried , Kroeger Jens , Ré Roseline , de Portu Simona , Vorrink Linda , Shin John , Castañeda Javier , Vigersky Robert , Cohen Ohad 
Published: March 2023

Background: This analysis reports the findings from a predefined exploratory cohort (cohort B) from the ADAPT (ADvanced Hybrid Closed Loop Study in Adult Population with Type 1 Diabetes) study. Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with suboptimal glucose control were randomly allocated to an advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system or multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) plus real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM). Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, exploratory, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 13 participants using MDI + RT-CGM and with HbA1c ≥8.0% were randomized to switch to AHCL (n = 8) or continue with MDI + RT-CGM (n = 5) for six months. Prespecified endpoints included the between-group difference in mean change from baseline in HbA1c, CGM-derived measures of glycemic control, and safety. Results: The mean HbA1c level decreased by 1.70 percentage points in the AHCL group versus a 0.60 percentage point decrease in the MDI + RT-CGM group, with a model-based treatment effect of −1.08 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.17 to 0.00 percentage points; P = .0508) in favor of AHCL. The percentage of time spent with sensor glucose levels between 70 and 180 mg/dL in the study phase was 73.6% in the AHCL group and 46.4% in the MDI + RT-CGM group; model-based between-group difference of 28.8 percentage points (95% CI = 12.3 to 45.3 percentage points; P = .0035). No diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia occurred in either group. Conclusions: In people with T1D with HbA1c ≥8.0%, the use of AHCL resulted in improved glycemic control relative to MDI + RT-CGM. The scale of improvement suggests that AHCL should be considered as an option for people not achieving good glycemic control on MDI + RT-CGM.
Paresthesia Is Predictive of Symptom Recurrence After Fasciotomy for Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg
Authors: Shankar Dhruv S. , Blaeser Anna M. , Gillinov Lauren A. , Vasavada Kinjal D. , Fariyike Babatunde B. , Mojica Edward S. , Borowski Lauren E. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Cardone Dennis A. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is an underdiagnosed cause of lower extremity pain among athletes. The condition can be managed operatively by fasciotomy to relieve excess compartment pressure. However, symptom recurrence rates after fasciotomy are considerable, ranging from 3% to 17%. Hypothesis: Leg paresthesia and its distribution during ECS episodes would be a significant predictor of outcomes after fasciotomy. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent fasciotomy for ECS at our center from 2010 to 2020 (institutional review board no. 21-00107). We measured postoperative outcomes including pain frequency and severity, Tegner activity level, and return to sport. Significant predictors of outcomes were identified using multivariable linear and logistic regression. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 78 legs (from 42 male and 36 female participants) were included in the study with average follow-up of 52 months (range, 3-126 months); 33 participants (42.3%) presented with paresthesia. Paresthesia was an independent predictor of worse outcomes, including more severe pain at rest ( P = 0.05) and with daily activity ( P = 0.04), reduced postoperative improvement in Tegner scores ( P = 0.04), and lower odds of return to sport ( P = 0.05). Those with paresthesia symptoms in the tibial nerve distribution had worse outcomes than those without paresthesia in terms of preoperative-to-present improvement in pain frequency ( P < 0.01), pain severity at rest ( P < 0.01) and with daily activity ( P = 0.04), and return to sport ( P = 0.04). Conclusion: ECS patients who present with paresthesia have worse pain and activity outcomes after first-time fasciotomy, but prognosis is worst among those with tibial nerve paresthesia. Clinical Relevance: Paresthesia among ECS patients is broadly predictive of more severe recurrent leg pain, reduced activity level, and decreased odds of return to sport after fasciotomy.
Prevalence of Presenteeism in Agricultural Workers: Systematic Review
Authors: Siqueira Vitória de Barros , Rocha Alaine de Souza Lima , Schwingel Paulo Adriano , Carvalho Fernando Martins 
Published: March 2023

Background: Presenteeism, the act of showing up to work when one is ill, is a prevailing global phenomenon, at rates varying from 30% to 90%. Presenteeism results in consequences to the worker’s health, like pain, depression, and poor work ability, as well as consequences to the organization like productivity loss, negative feelings and engagement of coworkers, and risk of accidents. Agriculture is an important sector for the global economy, providing employment for 27% of the global workforce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among agricultural workers. Methods: A systematic review was performed through searches at PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort or case-control) that reported the prevalence of presenteeism in agricultural workers were eligible. Findings: A total of 139 studies were found but only two met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies reported prevalence rates of presenteeism of 5.0% and 58.2%. Poor work safety climate, female workers, workers dissatisfied with management, and sunscreen not available at the workplace were strongly associated with the prevalence of presenteeism. Conclusions/Applications to Practice: We concluded that the scientific literature about the prevalence of presenteeism among agricultural workers is scarce. Future studies about presenteeism among agricultural workers should measure the prevalence and/or incidence of presenteeism by using the epidemiological approach and, furthermore, should integrate these measures with the work productivity approach.
Anxiety and Depression in Spouses of Cardiac Patients
Authors: Pushkarna Megha 
Published: March 2023

It is becoming increasingly apparent that although anxiety and depression are separate concerns, there is considerable overlap of clinical symptoms and pathophysiological processes. Research shows that comorbidities, anxiety, and depression are most common than either disorder alone. Coronary heart disease and mental illness are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac surgery places extensive stress on spouses who often are more worried than the patients themselves. Spouses can experience challenging and demanding situations when their partner becomes critically ill. In the present research, spouses showed normal anxiety levels, but when assessed separately, women’s anxiety scores were significantly higher compared to men. There was no significant difference between male and female spouses’ depression scores. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between anxiety and depression scores explaining that with rise in anxiety scores, there was an increase in depression scores in female spouses. Spouses who were unemployed felt overwhelmed with not being financially competent to manage expenses incurred for surgery and pre- and postoperative care. Lastly, a lack of social support led to anxiety in nuclear families.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during follow-up after acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Farmakis Ioannis T. , Valerio Luca , Barco Stefano , Alsheimer Eva , Ewert Ralf , Giannakoulas George , Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Mavromanoli Anna C. , Rosenkranz Stephan , Morris Timothy A. , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Held Matthias , Dumitrescu Daniel 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may provide prognostically valuable information during follow-up after pulmonary embolism (PE). Our objective was to investigate the association of patterns and degree of exercise limitation, as assessed by CPET, with clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory abnormalities and quality of life (QoL) after PE.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study of unselected consecutive all-comers with PE, survivors of the index acute event underwent 3- and 12-month follow-ups, including CPET. We defined cardiopulmonary limitation as ventilatory inefficiency or insufficient cardiocirculatory reserve. Deconditioning was defined as peak O2uptake (V′O2) <80% with no other abnormality.ResultsOverall, 396 patients were included. At 3 months, prevalence of cardiopulmonary limitation and deconditioning was 50.1% (34.7% mild/moderate; 15.4% severe) and 12.1%, respectively; at 12 months, it was 44.8% (29.1% mild/moderate; 15.7% severe) and 14.9%, respectively. Cardiopulmonary limitation and its severity were associated with age (OR per decade 2.05, 95% CI 1.65–2.55), history of chronic lung disease (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.06–6.97), smoking (OR 5.87, 95% CI 2.44–14.15) and intermediate- or high-risk acute PE (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.92–9.94). Severe cardiopulmonary limitation at 3 months was associated with the prospectively defined, combined clinical-haemodynamic end-point of “post-PE impairment” (OR 6.40, 95% CI 2.35–18.45) and with poor disease-specific and generic health-related QoL.ConclusionsAbnormal exercise capacity of cardiopulmonary origin is frequent after PE, being associated with clinical and haemodynamic impairment as well as long-term QoL reduction. CPET can be considered for selected patients with persisting symptoms after acute PE to identify candidates for closer follow-up and possible therapeutic interventions.
Application of the Rome severity classification of COPD exacerbations in a real-world cohort of hospitalised patients
Authors: Reumkens Carmen , Endres Adrian , Simons Sami O. , Savelkoul Paul H.M. , Sprooten Roy T.M. , Franssen Frits M.E. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundRecently, the Rome classification was proposed in which objective and readily measurable variables were integrated to mark exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD) severity. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of a real-world patient population with hospitalised ECOPD according to the current classification across the newly proposed severity classification. We assume that a significant proportion of hospitalised patients will have a mild or moderate event.MethodsThe Rome classification was applied to a cohort of 364 COPD patients hospitalised at the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC) with a severe ECOPD. Differences in in-hospital, 30- and 90-day mortality were compared between mild, moderate and severe ECOPD according to the new classification. Moreover, data were stratified by the different severity classes and compared regarding general disease characteristics and clinical parameters.ResultsAccording to the Rome proposal, 52 (14.3%) patients had a mild ECOPD, 204 (56.0%) a moderate and 108 (29.7%) a severe ECOPD. In-hospital mortality in mild, moderate and severe events was 3.8%, 6.9% and 13.9%, respectively. Most clinical parameters indicated a significantly worse condition in patients classified in the severe group, compared to those in mild or moderate groups.ConclusionMost of the events, traditionally all classified as severe because of the hospitalisation, were classified as moderate, while almost 15% were mild. The results of this study provide insight into the heterogeneity of hospitalised ECOPD and show that the newly proposed Rome criteria can differentiate between events with different short-term mortality rates.