bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Analyzing Multilayer Left-handed Metamaterial Optical Waveguide Structure with a Localized Arbitrary Kerr-type Nonlinear Guiding Film
Authors: Wu Yaw-Dong , Xu Yi-Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a new method for analyzing a multilayer left-handed metamaterial (LHM) optical waveguide structure with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method has not been reported before. The available electromagnetic simulation software like FDTD, FEM, BPM cannot be used to analyze the case of the proposed multilayer photonic metamaterial slab optical waveguide structures with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film. It gives detailed modal analyses of TE-polarized waves in the proposed photonic metamaterial slab optical waveguide structures. The analytical results are accompanied by some numerical examples. The method can also be degenerated to analyze planar conventional optical waveguide structures with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film. It can also help researchers to calculate the evolutions of TE waves propagating in the proposed waveguide structures. Based on this new method, the analysis and calculation of planar LHM multilayer slab optical waveguide structure with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film and planar conventional multilayer slab optical waveguide structure with a localized arbitrary Kerr-type nonlinear guiding film can be achieved easily.
Stroke signs knowledge and factors delaying acute stroke patients’ hospital arrival in the absence of stroke care systems. A Kinshasa multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: KABANDA Igor KAZADI , NGONZO Credo KIANGEBENI , BOWAMOU Christian-Khalifa EMEKA , NZAMBI Jean-Paul DIVENGI , PONTE Nono KIATOKO , MADODA Olivier TUYINAMA , NATUHOYILA Aliocha NKODILA , M’BUYAMBA-KABANGU Jean-René , LONGO-MBENZA Benjamin , BOMBA Degani BANZULU , PHANZU Bernard KIANU 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BackgroundThe global burden of stroke is overwhelming. Rapid recognition and early medical intervention are essential to reduce stroke-related mortality and long-term disability. This study aimed to evaluate awareness of stroke symptoms/signs and determine factors delaying the hospital arrival of patients with acute stroke in Kinshasa.MethodsThis multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted in all medical facilities in the city of Kinshasa, where medical imaging facilities for stroke diagnosis were available and operational 24 h a day. Patients with stroke and/or accompanying family members were interviewed using a standard questionnaire, and their medical records were reviewed. Factors independently associated with a late arrival (≥ 4.5 h) to the hospital were identified using the logistic regression test in forward multivariate analysis.ResultsOverall, 202 patients aged 57.9 ± 13.1 years (of whom 106 (52.5%) were men and 96 (47.5%) were women) were included in this study. Only 13% of the patients immediately associated the first symptoms with a stroke episode, and only 29% had the initiative to consult a hospital immediately. Only 10% consulted the recruitment hospital within 4.5 h. Factors independently associated with delayed arrival were age < 60 years (p = 0.014, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.2), being unmarried (p < 0.043, aOR 2.1), low educational level (p = 0.026, aOR 3.4), attending revival churches (p = 0.037, aOR 2.1), lack of stroke awareness (p = 0.002, aOR 2.4), awake consciousness (p = 0.014, aOR 6.5), history of hypertension (p = 0.016, aOR 3.8), history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.047, aOR 4.3), excessive alcohol consumption (p = 0.038, aOR 2.9), ischemic stroke (p = 0.045, aOR 5.0), and low NIHSS score (p = 0.037, aOR 3.3 ).ConclusionsThis study depicted a low stroke awareness rate and a much longer prehospital delay than evidence-based guidelines recommend and identified 12 factors that public health actions could target to promote the earliest management of stroke.
Effect of video feedback combined with peer role-playing teaching method in medical students adopting OSBC and PBL teaching mode
Authors: Wang Jiwu , Wang Birong , Zhou Yiqun , Xing Xin , Wang Xianggui , Gao Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the application effect of video feedback combined with peer role-playing teaching method in medical students adopting OSBC and PBL teaching mode.
Methods
The undergraduates of OSBC reform experimental class for five-year clinical medicine who get enrollment of Wuhan local university were selected to be the research objects. The same grade level is randomly divided into several groups to carry out PBL, with 6–10 students in each group. Following the principle of voluntary participation, 34 students were enrolled in the study group and 33 students in the control group finally. The research regards group as the unit, and study report in group should be carried out to fulfilled the research. In the study group, the students were asked to perform peer role play report, and the report videos were used for feedback. At the same time, the control group reported by PPT, and the feedback was carried out according to the PPT. The "Ability Improvement Questionnaire", Arizona Clinical Interview Score (ACIR) and theory test, were performed for both groups at the end of the study.
Results
The results show that the study group is superior to the control group in improving the interest of learning and the ability of independent learning, interpersonal communication and active problem solving. Although it is in terms of the confidence in becoming a real doctor and the ability of teamwork, language expression, clinical thinking cultivated, active knowledge acquired and understood that study group are better than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. ACIR shows that the study group is significantly better than the control group in organization, timeline planning, and transition statements, openly questioning, smooth progress, and avoiding repetition, summarizing, understandable language, documentation and total score. There is no significant difference in eye contact and no interruption. The differences between the two groups are not statistically significant in terms of responsing to concerns, positive feedback, and additional questions. The theoretical test scores of the study group are significantly higher than those of the control group.
Conclusion
Video feedback combined with peer role-playing teaching method shows obvious advantages in medical students adopting OSBC + PBL teaching mode, which is worthy of further research and promotion.
Characterization of a Novel Glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Bifidobacterium Thermophilum
Authors: Jin Jie , Liu Qingqing , zhengyu zhang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase), as a pivotal amidohydrolase enzyme, has been used in removing acrylamide in food processing and treating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in clinic. In this study, a novel ASNase from Bifidobacterium thermophilum (BtASNase) was successfully cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli host. BtASNase was identified to share maximum 40% structural similarity with other ASNases in PDB database. The purified BtASNase with monomeric size about 35 kDa had the highest specific activity (554.82 IU/mg) at 55℃ and pH 8.0. Further investigation indicated that BtASNase showed great stability at wide pH range (6.0–11.0), and retained more than 85% of its activity for 50 min at 37℃. To be noted, BtASNase exhibited high L-asparaginase specificity and zero glutaminase activity. To our knowledge, this is the first time to explore ASNase from Bifidobacterium thermophilum, and explored BtASNase could be a potential candidate with desirable advantages for unraveling glutaminase activity, narrow pH range stability, and low thermostability restrict in industry applications of ASNase.
Sliding off or Supervising for real? Supervision of Junior Doctors in Medical Hospital Departments: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Jeppesen Bolette Frydendal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Supervision is an essential part of the postgraduate medical training of junior doctors but can be a challenge in real-life clinical settings. This qualitative study explores factors affecting supervision in medical departments and the attempt to implement of a simple supervision (S-light) method.
METHODS
This qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach. Data was collected at four different medical departments in Danish hospitals, where the “S-light” method was introduced. We enrolled eight junior doctors and eight senior doctors. Informants were interviewed about how they act in a supervised situation, what they believed to be both difficult and successful in supervision, and about their use of the “S-light” method.
RESULTS
We found four essential factors affecting supervision: 1) an organization structured pro supervision; 2) a culture of supervision; 3) the individual’s stress resilience and 4) the individual’s idealistic mindset. None of the informants had implement the s-light method. We found that lack of the four resources very often lead to a social pattern we named ‘sliding’, describing doctors' evasion of potential supervisory events.
CONCLUSION
We suggest a conceptual framework towards understanding supervision involving four factors important to maintaining healthy supervision and we describe the social pattern ‘sliding’ away from supervision. Strong implementation procedures seem necessary to implement new supervision methods.
Hα and X-ray Surface Brightness Correlation of
Filaments in Cooling Flow Clusters
Authors: Olivares Valeria , Picquenot Adrien , Su Yuanyuan , Gendron-Marsolais Marie-Lou , Polles Fiorella , Gaspari Massimo , Nulsen Paul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Massive galaxies in cooling flow clusters display clear evidence of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Joint X-ray and radio observations have shown that AGN radio jets push aside the surrounding hot gas and form cavities in the hot intracluster medium (ICM). These systems host complex, kiloparsec-scale, multiphase filamentary structures, from warm ionized (10,000 K) to cold molecular (<100 K). These striking clumpy filaments are believed to be a natural outcome of thermally unstable cooling from the hot intracluster medium (ICM), likely triggered by AGN feedback. These structures can also serve as fuel for supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, the details behind the formation mechanism of the filaments are still unknown, and the relationship between the gas phases of different temperature is poorly understood. By using a novel method of blind image decomposition, we have isolated the hot phase of the X-ray filaments, which was blended with the bright diffuse ICM (and contaminated by cavities and fronts), to unveil its relation with the warm phase.
We have discovered a tight positive correlation between the X-ray surface brightness and the H\alpha surface brightness of the filaments, in a sample of seven X-ray bright cooling-flow clusters, covering scales of 5--70 kpc. This discovery provides major evidence supporting theoretical models of Chaotic Cold Accretion and precipitation, in which the turbulent multiphase condensation and excitation mechanisms shape the tight co-evolution of the hot and warm filaments.
An investigation of the financial feasibility and technical differences among Shell Sintering Technology (SST), Subtractive, Casting Manufacturing, and Slurry Vat Photopolymerisation for the fabrication of ceramic dental crowns.
Authors: Cocco Lilian Cristina , Cunico Marlon Wesley Machado 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the economical effects of manufacturing dental prostheses using five alternative techniques: one subtractive manufacturing known as CAD/CAM casting, vat photopolymerisation casting, two slurry vat photopolymerisation techniques, and shell sintering technology (SST). Deterministic bottom-up economic models were employed for this work, and the inputs used included the cost of the materials, equipment, and labour, as well as the time needed to finish each stage of the porcelain crown manufacture. The results from the CAD/CAM and Vat photopolymerisation casting procedures were classified in the average when total overhead costs were taken into account. With payback periods of 2.9 and 3.2 years and ROI values of about 35% and 31%, respectively, the financial returns are comparable and are, from an economic standpoint, quite acceptable. On the other hand, the Slurry 1 and 2 vat photopolymerisation techniques performed poorly to demonstrate a profit or payback, with negative ROIs of -40 and − 52, respectively, indicating that they are unsuitable for this type of application, though they are useful for other applications that traditional techniques cannot solve. In contrast, SST technology has the most affordable equipment, labour, and material expenses. This has a favourable effect on overall production costs, which are much lower when compared to available methods. All overhead median metrics, such as annual profit (US$ 770100.00), 0.5 years of payback, and an ROI of 187%, displayed especially tempting results, demonstrating that this technique has great performance, low operating costs, and outstanding financial returns. In conclusion, the SST technique has the potential to disrupt the dental prosthesis production sector because of its great economics.
Epidemiological investigation and fiber gene genetic analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 from 2017 to 2021 in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Xue Xiaoyan , Yang Qinhong , Zhang Zhenxing , Wang Wei , Li Suhua , Song Jianling 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the prevalence of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has caused huge economic losses to the Chinese poultry industry. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of FAdV-4 in Yunnan Province through an epidemiological investigation of poultry and wild birds from 2017 to 2021 and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated fiber genes.
Results: The results showed that the FAdV-4 positive rate in poultry and migratory birds was 11.34% and 0.3%, respectively. The infection rate of the poultry tissue samples was high in central and west-ern Yunnan Province, and the infected hosts were mainly local chickens. Via the detection of common poultry infectious diseases prone to co-infection, it was found that the birds were mainly co-infected with pathogens such as infectious laryngotracheitis, chicken infectious anemia virus, and avian influenza virus. Five poultry-source strains and one wild bird-source strain were isolated, and phylogenetic analysis of these strains using the fiber gene showed that they all had high homology with the early Chinese highly pathogenic strains and clustered with the same genetic and evolutionary clade as the Chinese reference strain. The fiber protein is characterized by loci that indicate highly pathogenic strains (G219D, P307A, V319I, and A308T).
Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that FAdV-4 continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate among poultry populations in Yunnan Province, China. Notably, we report the first detection of FAdV-4 in the feces of black-necked cranes. Our statistical analysis reveals that central Yunnan and western Yunnan experience a high incidence rate of FAdV-4, often accompanying co-infections with ILT, CIAV, and AIV.
A combined case-control and cohort study design: When to start alert for Cerebrovascular disease, Heart disease, and Hypertension (CHH)-specific death associated with lung cancer treatment?
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Liu Rong , Zhang He , Tong Lianni , Wu Di 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: During the early stages after diagnosis, the time impact of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the occurrence of fatal cardiac disease in lung cancer patients has received limited research attention.
Patients and methods: Lung cancer patient data was obtained from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Propensity-score matching methods were employed to equalize baseline confounding. The training set was utilized to construct a time-dependent (time cut = 6 months) Cox regression model and a Random survival forest model, whereas the test set was employed for model validation. The discrimination and accuracy of the model were assessed using the Concordance Index and the Integrated Brier score.
Results: A total of 49,294 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2018 and 2019 were included in the analysis. Propensity score-matched analyses, accounting for important confounding covariates, demonstrated that patients who received CT only, RT only, or CT plus RT had significantly improved CHH-specific survival compared to those who did not receive CT and RT (P <0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that within the first 6 months, RT and CT (P <0.001) independently acted as protective factors against CHH-specific mortality, while RT plus CT (P <0.001) was identified as an independent risk factor. At 6 months or later, RT (P <0.05) emerged as an independent risk factor, while the impact of CT on CHH-specific mortality became statistically insignificant compared to the initial six months. The results of the Rsf analysis indicated that the variables in descending order of importance were CT, RT, and CT plus RT. Additionally, independent risk factors included the year of diagnosis, T4, Stage Group, and Msite brain (P <0.05).
Conclusions: These findings establish a critical time frame to raise awareness regarding the risk of CHH-specific death in lung cancer during the early post-diagnostic period.
Detection of genetic diversity and population structure in Iranian Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using SCoT markers and Phytochemical traits
Authors: Ochi-Ardabili Mehran , Nourafcan Hassan , Badi Hassanali Naghdi , Mohebalipour Nasser , Qaderi Ardeshir 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Corylus avellana L. is one of the valuable nuts of the world, which grows wild in the natural forests of Fandoguloo in Ardabil province of Iran and has a high diversity in this region. To evaluate the genetic diversity within and between populations, 78 genotypes from different regions of Iran, including Ardabil, Arasbaran, and Miyaneh, were analyzed using targeted start codon polymorphism (SCoT) method. Also, phytochemical traits of C. avellana, such as Ash,Taxol, Total phenol, Palmitic acid, Fibre, Palmitoleic acid, carbohydrate, Stearic acid, flavonoid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Fat, Antioxidant compounds, and ethanolic phenol were evaluated. The result indicated that, from the 15 SCoT primrs used, the genotypes contained 165 polymorphic bands with the highest and lowest Polymorphic Information Content related to SC3 and SC21, respectively. The Marker index (MI) for the primer sets varied from 2.6 to 6.1. The highest allele frequency was related to the Ardabil population. Also, 100% polymorphism rate was obtained from all primers studied. The highest polymorphic rates corresponded to the primers SC21, SC20, SC5 (14 bands), with SC9 showing the most uniformity (six bands) among the populations. The gene flow between and within populations was 0.4 and 0.7, respectively, and the stabilization index was 0.4. The current research showed the effectiveness of the SCoT marker to estimate the genetic diversity of C. avellana, مwhich can be considered as a starting point for further study on the population and evolutionary genetics of this economically important species.
Assessing the Influence of Climate Change and Anthropogenic actions on Water Resources in the Wami River Catchment, Tanzania
Authors: Lalika Christossy B.C. , Mujahid Aziz Ul Haq , Lalika Makarius C.S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the trend, extent, and effect of climate change and anthropogenic activities are globally important for monitoring river catchments water resources. Due to the majority of river catchment from developing countries like Tanzania experiencing insufficient time series data, the long-term ERA5-Land (1960–2021) reanalysis was used to assess the influence of climate change and anthropogenic actions on water resource in the Wami river catchment. The Mann-Kendal Sneyer test revealed a change that reflects the effect of anthropogenic actions on runoff in 1992, hence the mean annual runoff, precipitation, and actual evapotranspiration decreased by 19%, 9.7%, and 8.9%, respectively, while potential evapotranspiration increased by 5% after the change. Budyko decomposition and climate elasticity methods illustrated that climate change caused a notable contribution to the reduction of Wami River runoff. Hydrological sensitivity analysis revealed that variability of climate is a primary factor that reduced runoff with a contribution of 69%, while anthropogenic actions are 31%, this illustrates runoff in the Wami River catchment is more vulnerable to climate variability than anthropogenic actions by considering that the majority of the catchment are classified as arid or semi-arid. Our study emphasizes the significance of adopting a Nature-based Solution (NbS), participatory integrated planning (PIP) approach for sustainable water resources within the Wami river catchment.
Assessment of current and future trends in water resources in the Gambia River Basin in a context of climate change
Authors: Séne Serigne Mory Khouma , Faye Cheikh , Pande Chaitanya B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The accurate assessment of water resources at the catchment level is crucial for effective integrated river basin management. While semi-distributed/distributed models require complex structures and large amounts of input data, conceptual models have gained attention as an alternative for watershed modeling. In paper, the performances of the GR4J conceptual model for the runoff simulation in the Gambia catchment at the Simenti station are analyzed over the calibration (1981-1990) and validation (1991-2000 and 2001-2010) period. The primary inputs for conceptual models like GR4J are daily precipitation data and potential evapotranspiration (PET) measured from the same catchment or a nearby location. Calibration of these models is typically carried out using the Nash-Sutcliffe daily efficiency with bias penalty as the objective function. In this case, the GR4J model is calibrated using four optimization parameters. To assess the effectiveness of the model's runoff predictions, various statistical measures such as the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, coefficient of determination, bias, and linear correlation coefficient are calculated. The results obtained in the Gambia watershed at the Simenti station indicate satisfactory performance of the GR4J model in defined of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. However, this study is significant to observe that the investigation shows an extensive dispose of changes in all measurements across the watershed sample under different scenarios, specifically the SSP 245 and SSP 585 scenarios. These changes recomamnde a decreasing trend in flows, which would pose significant challenges for water management. Consequently, it is clear that sustainable water management would require substantial adaptation measures to cope with these changes.