bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating mechanical properties of human tissues or organs based on magnetorheological fluid for tactile display
Authors: Liu Gaoyu , Liao Hongpeng , Zhao Xuan , Liao Wei-Hsin , Cao Junyi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery enables surgeons to tele-perform elaborate surgical operations to patients with less damage and pain. Besides force feedback provided by the surgical robot to the surgeon, touching sensations are also important for the surgeon to acquire the complete conditions of the patient. Thus, tactile display devices are crucial elements in surgical robots. Meanwhile, various sensations of magnetorheological (MR) fluid can be provided to human fingers because its stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity can be controlled by applied magnetic field. Therefore, in this paper, a new tactile display device based on MR fluid is proposed. This device has high magnetic conduction efficiency, less magnetic leakage, no MR fluid leakage, and overcomes the major drawbacks of the existing tactile display devices based on MR fluid in literatures. Firstly, the design of the tactile display device is described in detail, followed by its fabrication and assembling methods. Secondly, the working current range of the tactile display device is determined by using electromagnetic finite element method (FEM) simulation. Thirdly, the mathematical model to characterize the compression and shear behaviors of the tactile display device is developed. Then, the tactile display device is tested in terms of normal and shear contact forces, followed by its elastic and shear moduli analysis. Finally, the unknown parameters in the mathematical model are figured out, and the model is validated by using structural FEM simulation. The experimental results show that the elastic and shear modulus range of the proposed tactile display device are respectively 3–7.5 kPa and 1.4–5.0 kPa, which can cover the mechanical properties of various human viscera.
Optimal subalgebra, conservations laws and symmetry reductions with analytical solutions using Lie symmetry analysis and geometric approach for the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model
Authors: Ray S Saha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model has been examined for finding its exact closed form solitonic solutions with the help of symmetry generators. These symmetry generators are explored using the Lie symmetry analysis, commonly known as the classical Lie group approach and the geometric approach. In a geometric approach, the extended Harrison and Estabrook’s differential forms have been used for obtaining the infinitesimal generators of the Manakov model. As there are infinite possibilities for the linear combination of infinitesimal generators, so by using Olver’s standard approach a one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebra has been established. Additionally, the ‘new conservation theorem’ put forth by Ibragimov has been utilized in order to devise the conservation laws for the (1+1)-dimensional Manakov model. Finally, the exact closed form solutions are obtained with the help of Lie symmetries corresponding to the defined model.
Ghost condensation and subluminal propagation on low derivative backgrounds
Authors: López-Sarrión Justo , Valencia-Villegas Mauricio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We show a new class of interaction terms with higher derivatives that can be added to every low derivative real scalar, such that the first order perturbations induced by the higher derivative terms on the low derivative background are ghost-free. This follows without imposing additional constraints. Furthermore, we show a related class of theories with an additional stabilizer variable and a constraint which are ghost-free without restricting to a perturbative expansion. In this case the field equation followed by the stabilizer variable may have interesting physical applications: namely, in contrast to some models with first-order derivative interactions with applications for dark energy and inflation, these constrained second-order derivative self-interactions do not necessarily affect the luminal propagation, hence, avoiding the common superluminality issues of the former.
Projected-field kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cross-correlations: halo model and forecasts
Authors: Bolliet Boris , Colin Hill J. , Ferraro Simone , Kusiak Aleksandra , Krolewski Alex 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, i.e., the Doppler boost of cosmic microwave
background (CMB) photons caused by their scattering off free electrons in galaxy clusters and
groups with non-zero bulk velocity, is a powerful window on baryons in the universe. We present
the first halo-model computation of the cross-power spectrum of the “projected-field” kSZ signal
with large-scale structure (LSS) tracers. We compare and validate our calculations against
previous studies, which relied on N-body-calibrated effective formulas rather than the halo
model. We forecast results for CMB maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (AdvACT), Simons
Observatory (SO), and CMB-S4, and LSS survey data from the Dark Energy Survey, the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory (VRO), and Euclid. In cross-correlation with galaxy number density, for
AdvACT × unWISE we forecast an 18σ projected-field kSZ detection using data
already in hand. Combining SO CMB maps and unWISE galaxy catalogs, we expect a
62σ detection, yielding precise measurements of the gas density profile radial slopes.
Additionally, we forecast first detections of the kSZ — galaxy weak lensing cross-correlation
with AdvACT × VRO/Euclid (at 6σ) and of the kSZ — CMB weak lensing
cross-correlation with SO (at 16σ). Finally, ≈ 10-20% precision measurements of
the shape of the gas density profile should be possible with CMB-S4 kSZ — CMB lensing
cross-correlation without using any external datasets.
In-orbit Performance of the Near-infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Böker T. , Beck T. L. , Birkmann S. M. , Giardino G. , Keyes C. , Kumari N. , Muzerolle J. , Rawle T. , Zeidler P. , Abul-Huda Y. , de Oliveira C. Alves , Arribas S. , Bechtold K. , Bhatawdekar R. , Bonaventura N. , Bunker A. J. , Cameron A. J. , Carniani S. , Charlot S. , Curti M. , Espinoza N. , Ferruit P. , Franx M. , Jakobsen P. , Karakla D. , López-Caniego M. , Lützgendorf N. , Maiolino R. , Manjavacas E. , Marston A. P. , Moseley S. H. , Ogle P. , Perna M. , Peña-Guerrero M. , Pirzkal N. , Plesha R. , Proffitt C. R. , Rauscher B. J. , Rix H.-W. , del Pino B. Rodríguez , Rustamkulov Z. , Sabbi E. , Sing D. K. , Sirianni M. , Plate M. te , Úbeda L. , Wahlgren G. M. , Wislowski E. , Wu R. , Willott Chris J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of the four focal plane instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper, we summarize the in-orbit performance of NIRSpec, as derived from data collected during its commissioning campaign and the first few months of nominal science operations. More specifically, we discuss the performance of some critical hardware components such as the two NIRSpec Hawaii-2RG detectors, wheel mechanisms, and the microshutter array. We also summarize the accuracy of the two target acquisition procedures used to accurately place science targets into the slit apertures, discuss the current status of the spectrophotometric and wavelength calibration of NIRSpec spectra, and provide the “as measured” sensitivity in all NIRSpec science modes. Finally, we point out a few important considerations for the preparation of NIRSpec science programs.
Spectroscopic Time Series Performance of the Mid-infrared Instrument on the JWST
Authors: Bouwman Jeroen , Kendrew Sarah , Greene Thomas P. , Bell Taylor J. , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Schreiber Jürgen , Dicken Daniel , Sloan G. C. , Espinoza Néstor , Scheithauer Silvia , Coulais Alain , Fox Ori D. , Gastaud René , Glauser Adrian M. , Jones Olivia C. , Labiano Alvaro , Lahuis Fred , Morrison Jane E. , Murray Katherine , Mueller Michael , Nayak Omnarayani , Wright Gillian S. , Glasse Alistair , Rieke George 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present here the first ever mid-infrared spectroscopic time series observation of the transiting exoplanet L 168-9 b with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained as part of the MIRI commissioning activities, to characterize the performance of the Low Resolution Spectroscopy (LRS) mode for these challenging observations. To assess the MIRI LRS performance, we performed two independent analyses of the data. We find that with a single transit observation we reached a spectro-photometric precision of ∼50 ppm in the 7–8 μm range at R = 50, consistent with ∼25 ppm systematic noise. The derived band averaged transit depth is 524 ± 15 ppm and 547 ± 13 ppm for the two applied analysis methods, respectively, recovering the known transit depth to within 1σ. The measured noise in the planet’s transmission spectrum is approximately 15%–20% higher than random noise simulations over wavelengths 6.8 ≲ λ ≲ 11 μm. We observed an larger excess noise at the shortest wavelengths of up to a factor of two, for which possible causes are discussed. This performance was achieved with limited in-flight calibration data, demonstrating the future potential of MIRI for the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres.
DF laser pumped single-crystal Fe:CdTe laser operating at room temperature
Authors: Antonov V A , Firsov K N , Gavrishchuk E M , Ikonnikov V B , Kononov I G , Kurashkin S V , Podlesnykh S V , Savin D V , Zhavoronkov N V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The operation at room temperature of a single-crystal Fe:CdTe laser excited by a nonchain electric-discharge DF laser was studied. The output energy of 29 mJ was obtained with a slope efficiency in terms of absorbed energy of 30%. The development of transverse parasitic oscillation at large pump spot sizes on the crystal surface limited the laser output energy. The laser with a nonselective cavity operated in the range of 5.3–5.9 μm; the total width of the generation spectrum was about 600 nm. Comparison of the Fe:CdTe generation spectra, obtained by pumping the crystal with DF and Fe:ZnSe lasers, confirmed the shift of the generation spectrum to the long wavelength region with increasing pump wavelengths. The maximum generation wavelength of the Fe:CdTe laser with a nonselective resonator excited by the Fe:ZnSe laser was 6.02 μm with a total width of the generation spectrum of about 370 nm. Ways are discussed for further increasing the room-temperature output energy of a Fe:CdTe laser.
Calcium imaging and analysis of the jugular-nodose ganglia enables identification of distinct vagal sensory neuron subsets
Authors: Huerta Tomás S , Haider Bilal , Adamovich-Zeitlin Richard , Chen Adrian C , Chaudhry Saher , Zanos Theodoros P , Chavan Sangeeta S , Tracey Kevin J , Chang Eric H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit afferent signals from the body to the brain. These peripheral nerves are composed of distinct subsets of fibers and associated cell bodies, which reside in peripheral ganglia distributed throughout the viscera and along the spinal cord. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is a complex polymodal nerve that transmits a wide array of sensory information, including signals related to mechanical, chemical, and noxious stimuli. To understand how stimuli applied to the vagus nerve are encoded by vagal sensory neurons in the jugular-nodose ganglia, we developed a framework for micro-endoscopic calcium imaging and analysis. Approach. We developed novel methods for in vivo imaging of the intact jugular-nodose ganglion using a miniature microscope (Miniscope) in transgenic mice with the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f. We adapted the Python-based analysis package Calcium Imaging Analysis (CaImAn) to process the resulting one-photon fluorescence data into calcium transients for subsequent analysis. Random forest classification was then used to identify specific types of neuronal responders. Results. We demonstrate that recordings from the jugular-nodose ganglia can be accomplished through careful surgical dissection and ganglia stabilization. Using a customized acquisition and analysis pipeline, we show that subsets of vagal sensory neurons respond to different chemical stimuli applied to the vagus nerve. Successful classification of the responses with a random forest model indicates that certain calcium transient features, such as amplitude and duration, are important for encoding these stimuli by sensory neurons. Significance. This experimental approach presents a new framework for investigating how individual vagal sensory neurons encode various stimuli on the vagus nerve. Our surgical and analytical approach can be applied to other PNS ganglia in rodents and other small animal species to elucidate previously unexplored roles for peripheral neurons in a diverse set of physiological functions.
Suppression of resistive interchange instability by external RMP
Authors: Ito S. , Watanabe K.Y. , Takemura Y. , Sakakibara S. , Masamune S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We experimentally investigate the effect of external resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on resistive interchange MHD instability which is typically observed in the Large Helical Device. We apply the m/n = 1/1 external RMP to discharges with the m/n = 1/1 interchange instability. We find that the electron density fluctuation as well as the magnetic field one is clearly reduced without a reduction of the pressure gradient by imposing the external RMP. Moreover, the achieved beta value as well as the beta gradient at the resonant surface is a little improved under certain conditions. Next, we investigate the responses of interchange instability to the external RMP under some different operational conditions. We find that the amplitude of the external RMP to completely suppress the instability with the shielding of the external RMP has a higher correlation with the volume-averaged beta value than other plasma parameters.
Lindhard integral equation with binding energy applied to light and charge yields of nuclear recoils in noble liquid detectors
Authors: Sarkis Y. , Aguilar-Arevalo  , D’Olivo J.C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a model of the ionization efficiency, or quenching factor, for low-energy nuclear recoils, based on a solution to Lindhard integral equation with binding energy and apply it to the calculation of the relative scintillation efficiency and charge yield for nuclear recoils in noble liquid detectors. The quenching model incorporates a constant average binding energy together with an electronic stopping power proportional to the ion velocity, and is an essential input in an analysis of charge recombination processes to predict the ionization and scintillation yields. Our results are comparable to NEST simulations of LXe and LAr and are in good agreement with available data. These studies are relevant to current and future experiments using noble liquids as targets for neutrino physics and the direct searches for dark matter.
Performance of a thick 250 μm silicon carbide detector: stability and energy resolution
Authors: Kushoro M.H. , Rebai M. , La Via F. , Meli A. , Meda L. , Parisi M. , Cippo E.P. , Putignano O. , Trotta A. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Silicon carbide detectors represent an alternative to diamond detectors for fast neutron detection in harsh environments, especially fusion plasmas. Previous studies on thin prototypes (either 10 μm or 100 μm thick) suggested that thicker active volumes might be better suited for spectroscopy measurements, due to the higher chance of retaining the neutron interaction products inside the active volume. Therefore, in this work two 250 μm SiC prototypes are tested with alpha particles following the same process conducted in the past for thinner prototypes. A stable detection is demonstrated, along an energy resolution that, if projected to DT neutrons, could become the lowest achieved so far with a SiC detector (1.3%). Some difficulties in reaching a full depletion are highlighted, as long as perspectives of a partial polarization operation of the detectors.
Numerical and experimental investigations of a microwave interferometer for the negative ion source SPIDER
Authors: Agnello R. , Cavazzana R. , Furno I. , Jacquier R. , Pasqualotto R. , Sartori E. , Serianni G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The electron density close to the extraction grids and the co-extracted electrons represent a crucial issue when operating negative ion sources for fusion reactors. An excessive electron density in the plasma expansion region can indeed inhibit the negative ion production and introduce potentially harmful electrons in the accelerator. Among the set of plasma and beam diagnostics proposed for SPIDER upgrade, a heterodyne microwave (mw) interferometer at 100 GHz is currently being explored as a possibility to measure electron density in the plasma extraction region. The major issue in applying this technique in SPIDER is the poor accessibility of the probing microwave beam through the source metal walls and the long distance of 4 m at which mw modules should be located outside the vacuum vessel. Numerical investigations in a full-scale geometry showed that the power transmitted through the plasma source apertures was above the signal-to-noise ratio threshold for the microwave module sensitivity. An experimental proof-of-principle of the setup to assess the possibility of signal phase detection was then performed. The microwave system was tested on an experimental full-scale test-bench mimicking SPIDER viewports accessibility constraints, including the presence of a SPIDER-like plasma. The outcome of first tests revealed that, despite the geometrical constraints, in certain conditions, the phase detection, and, therefore, electron density measurements are possible. The main issue arises from decoupling the one-pass signal from spurious multipaths generated by mw beam reflections, requiring signal cross correlation analysis. These preliminary tests demonstrate that despite the 4 m distance between the mw modules and the presence of metal walls, plasma density measurement is possible when the 80 mm diameter ports are available. In this contribution, we discuss the numerical simulations, the preliminary experimental tests and suggest design upgrades of the interferometric setup to enhance signal transmission.
MUX64, an analogue 64-to-1 multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS high granularity timing detector
Authors: Xu Z. , Zhang L. , Huang X. , Sha Q. , Ge Z. , Che Y. , Gong D. , Hou S. , Zhang J. , Liu T. , Liang Z. , Zhang L. , Ye J. , Qi M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present the design and the performance of MUX64, a 64-to-1 analogue multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD). The MUX64 transmits one of its 64 inputs selected by six address lines for the voltages or temperatures being monitored to an lpGBT ADC channel. The prototype ASICs fabricated in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology were prepared in wire-bonding and QFN88 packaging format. A total of 280 chips was examined for functionality and quality assurance. The accelerated aging test conducted at 85 °C shows negligible degradation over 16 days.
Low-rank approximations to accelerate hybrid functional enabled real-time time-dependent density functional theory within plane waves
Authors: Li Jielan , Wan Lingyun , Jiao Shizhe , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) is a powerful tool for predicting excited-state dynamics. Herein, we combine the adaptively compressed exchange (ACE) operator with interpolative separable density fitting (ISDF) algorithm to accelerate the hybrid functional calculations in RT-TDDFT (hybrid RT-TDDFT) dynamics simulations for molecular and periodic systems within plane waves. Under this low-rank representation, we demonstrate that the ACE-ISDF enabled hybrid RT-TDDFT can yield accurate excited-state dynamics, but much faster than conventional calculations. Furthermore, we describe a massively parallel implementation of ACE-ISDF enabled hybrid RT-TDDFT dynamics simulations containing thousands of atoms (1728 atoms), which can scale up to 3456 central processing unit cores on modern supercomputers.
Prophylactic onlay mesh placement techniques for optimal abdominal wall closure: randomized controlled trial in an ex vivo biomechanical model
Authors: Stephens Ian , Conroy Jack , Winter Des , Simms Ciaran , Bucholc Magda , Sugrue Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Incisional hernias occur after up to 40 per cent of laparotomies. Recent RCTs have demonstrated the role of prophylactic mesh placement in reducing the risk of developing an incisional hernia. An onlay approach is relatively straightforward; however, a variety of techniques have been described for mesh fixation. The biomechanical properties have not been interrogated extensively to date.

Methods
This ex vivo randomized controlled trial using porcine abdominal wall investigated the biomechanical properties of three techniques for prophylactic onlay mesh placement at laparotomy closure. A classical onlay, anchoring onlay, and novel bifid onlay approach were compared with small-bite primary closure. A biomechanical abdominal wall model and ball burst test were used to assess transverse stretch, bursting force, and loading characteristics.

Results
Mesh placement took an additional 7–15 min compared with standard primary closure. All techniques performed similarly, with no clearly superior approach. The minimum burst force was 493 N, and the maximum 1053 N. The classical approach had the highest mean burst force (mean(s.d.) 853(152) N). Failure patterns fell into either suture-line or tissue failures. Classical and anchoring techniques provided a second line of defence in the event of primary suture failure, whereas the bifid method demonstrated a more compliant loading curve. All mesh approaches held up at extreme quasistatic loads.

Conclusion
Subtle differences in biomechanical properties highlight the strengths of each closure type and suggest possible uses. The failure mechanisms seen here support the known hypotheses for early fascial dehiscence. The influence of dynamic loading needs to be investigated further in future studies.
The occipital place area represents visual information about walking, not crawling
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Byland Joshua , Dilks Daniel D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent work has shown that the occipital place area (OPA)—a scene-selective region in adult humans—supports “visually guided navigation” (i.e. moving about the local visual environment and avoiding boundaries/obstacles). But what is the precise role of OPA in visually guided navigation? Considering humans move about their local environments beginning with crawling followed by walking, 1 possibility is that OPA is involved in both modes of locomotion. Another possibility is that OPA is specialized for walking only, since walking and crawling are different kinds of locomotion. To test these possibilities, we measured the responses in OPA to first-person perspective videos from both “walking” and “crawling” perspectives as well as for 2 conditions by which humans do not navigate (“flying” and “scrambled”). We found that OPA responded more to walking videos than to any of the others, including crawling, and did not respond more to crawling videos than to flying or scrambled ones. These results (i) reveal that OPA represents visual information only from a walking (not crawling) perspective, (ii) suggest crawling is processed by a different neural system, and (iii) raise questions for how OPA develops; namely, OPA may have never supported crawling, which is consistent with the hypothesis that OPA undergoes protracted development.