bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pushing the Room Temperature Continuous‐Wave Operation Limit of GaSb‐Based Interband Cascade Lasers beyond 6 µm
Authors: Nauschütz Josephine , Knötig Hedwig , Weih Robert , Scheuermann Julian , Koeth Johannes , Höfling Sven , Schwarz Benedikt 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGaSb‐based interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at a center wavelength of 6.12 µm at 20 °C in continuous‐wave operation up to a maximum operating temperature of 40 °C are presented. Pulsed measurements based on broad area devices show improved performance by applying the recently published approach of adjusting the GaInxSb layer thickness in the active region to reduce the valence intersubband absorption. The W‐quantum well design adjustment and the optimization of the electron injector, to rebalance the electron and hole concentrations in the active quantum wells, improved the device performance, yielding room temperature current densities as low as 0.5 kA cm−2 for broad area devices under pulsed operation. As a direct result of this improvement together with optimizations of the waveguide design, the long wavelength limit for GaSb‐based ICLs in continuous‐wave operation could be extended. For an epi‐side down mounted 23 µm wide and 2 mm long device with nine active stages and high‐reflectivity back facet, the threshold power is below 1 W and the optical output power is over 25 mW at 20 °C in continuous‐wave mode. Such low‐threshold and low‐power consumption ICLs are especially attractive for mobile and compact sensing systems.
Treatment patterns in myasthenia gravis: A United States health claims analysis
Authors: Mahic Milada , Bozorg Ali , Rudnik Jan , Zaremba Piotr , Scowcroft Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsLimited knowledge exists on treatment patterns in clinical practice in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study we examined MG treatment patterns in the United States.MethodsAdult patients newly diagnosed with MG were identified from the IBM MarketScan insurance claims database. Patients with ≥2 MG International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes ≥3 months apart were retrospectively followed from the date of their first MG diagnosis record or start of treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI), intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) immunoglobulin (Ig), or plasma exchange (PLEx) therapy. Based on treatment received at any time during the follow‐up period, patients were segmented into six main treatment cohorts. Exacerbations and use of IVIg, SCIg, or PLEx after the index date were identified.ResultsDuring 2010 to 2019, 7,194 patients were followed for up to 10 (median, 2.3) years. Of 6,539 treated patients, 6,462 (99%) were ever treated with AChEI and/or corticosteroids (CS); 95% were first treated with AChEI and/or CS only; 33% received ≥1 nonsteroid immunosuppressive treatment (IST) and 2% received a biologic. During treatment with first IST (n = 2,166), patients experienced 42% and 94% higher incidence rates of exacerbations and IVIg, respectively, compared with AChEI and/or CS (n = 6,242), and 33% and 23% higher, respectively, compared with a second IST (n = 353).DiscussionMany patients experienced exacerbations and received rescue therapy despite treatment, suggesting current treatments may not provide adequate disease control for some patients and that additional treatment options should be explored.
A genetic approach for the 2‐edge‐connected minimum branch vertices problem
Authors: Carrabs Francesco , Cerulli Raffaele , Laureana Federica , Serra Domenico , Sorgente Carmine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the 2‐edge‐connected minimum branch vertices problem, a variant of the minimum branch vertices problem in which the spanning subgraph is required to be 2‐edge‐connected for survivability reasons. The problem has been recently introduced and finds application in optical networks design scenarios, where branch vertices are associated to switch devices that allow to split the entering light signals and send them to several adjacent vertices. An exact approach to the problem has been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we formally prove its NP‐completeness and propose a genetic algorithm, which exploits some literature‐provided procedures for efficiently checking and restoring solutions feasibility, and makes use of novel ad‐hoc designed operators aiming to improve their values, reducing the number of branch vertices. The computational tests show that, on the benchmark instances, the genetic algorithm very often finds the optimal solution. Moreover, in order to further investigate the effectiveness and the performance of our algorithm, we generated a new set of random instances where the optimal solution is known a priori.
Multigrid for the dual formulation of the frictionless Signorini problem
Authors: Rovi Gabriele , Kober Bernhard , Starke Gerhard , Krause Rolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the dual formulation of the frictionless Signorini problem for a deformable body in contact with a rigid obstacle. We discretize the problem by means of the finite element method. Since the dual formulation solves directly for the stress variable and is not affected by locking, it is very attractive for many engineering applications. However, it is hard to solve it efficiently, since many challenges arise. First, the stress belongs to the non‐Sobolev space . Second, the matrix block related to the stress is only semi‐positive definite in the incompressible limit. Third, global equality constraints and box‐constraints are enforced. In this paper, we propose a novel and optimal nonlinear multigrid method for the dual formulation of the Signorini problem, that works even in the incompressible limit. We opt for the combination of a truncation of the basis functions strategy and a nonlinear monolithic patch smoother with Robin conditions of parameter . Numerical experiments show that multigrid performance is recovered if is chosen properly. We propose an algorithm to dynamically update the parameter during the multigrid process, in order to provide a near optimal value of .
Gardening for wildlife: A mixed‐methods exploration of the factors underlying engagement in wildlife‐friendly gardening
Authors: García‐Antúnez Oriol , Lindgaard Jens , Lampinen Jussi , Stahl Olafsson Anton 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Private domestic gardens have immense potential to contribute to urban biodiversity conservation. However, they are divided into small private plots and managed individually by garden owners. Therefore, engagement in wildlife‐friendly gardening (WFG), which entails alternative management and design choices, relies on the individual willingness of each garden owner.

Using an online survey and qualitative walking interviews with garden owners, our study explores individual internal and external factors underlying engagement in WFG. We interpret and reflect on our findings in the context of gardening as a relational practice between people and nature.

Our findings suggest that motivations for gardening play a central role in how internal and external factors promote or impede WFG. For example, motivations towards organic gardening and learning from nature promote WFG, whereas personal and family care and well‐being motivations seem to impede it.

The perceived and actual garden area, as well as self‐reported insufficient knowledge and social norms, covary the most with engagement in WFG. Engagement in WFG relates to people's relationships with nature, as embodied in social norms of community acceptance and cohesion, and care and respect for nature and others.

Future research into pro‐environmental behaviours in gardens should adopt more relational approaches that go beyond the individual self and take better account of feedback between individual actions and social relations.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Preparation and evaluation of aldehyde starch hemostatic microspheres crosslinked with L‐cystine dimethyl ester for ultrarapid rapid hemostasis
Authors: Li Xujian , Chen Xumin , Ji Zhixiao , Pan Luqi , Liu Yi , Yang Xiao , Shi Changcan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid hemostasis, biosafety, and adaptability to different bleeding sites are the focus of research on hemostatic materials. In this work, an efficient and simple preparation of aldehyde starch hemostatic microspheres (ASHMs) crosslinked with L‐cystine dimethyl ester was developed. Through a series of physicochemical parameters and in vitro and in vivo hemostatic properties measurements, the results showed that under the optimal crosslinking degree, ASHMs had a regular and uniform spherical shape, and it had a liquid suction capacity of up to 880%. At the same time, the aldehyde groups on its surface can increase the adhesion and aggregation of blood cells, thereby enhancing the hemostatic effect, which can be considered as a synergistic effect. More importantly, ASHMs have good biocompatibility and minimal intradermal irritation. Taken together，ASHMs could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials for surgical treatment.
3D‐printed and foamed triply periodic minimal surface lattice structures for energy absorption applications
Authors: Weber Dylan , Srinivas Sundarram Sriharsha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStructures currently used for energy absorption include foams, composites, and honeycombs. Recent studies have indicated the potential of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) for energy absorption applications as well as weight reduction. This study presents three TPMS lattice structures, namely the Gyroid, Fischer‐Koch S, and PMY, which are fabricated in uniform and graded densities. These structures, created in the MSLattice software are 3D printed using polylactic acid. Subsequently, the 3D‐printed structures undergo a gas foaming process to investigate benefits of higher porosity on energy absorption. The structures are then characterized for porosity, compressive properties, energy absorption, and thermal properties. The results show that the uniform and graded density structures have similar energy absorption values as long as the structures have a similar average density with the PMY structure exhibiting the highest energy absorption value, both in unfoamed and foamed conditions, respectively. The foaming process increased the porosity by 50% but did not improve the energy absorption characteristics of any of the structures with the foamed PMY structures exhibiting the least deviation compared to the unfoamed samples. These foamed TPMS structures are suitable for applications in the automotive and aerospace industry that demand lightweight structures for energy absorption.
Psychometric properties of Persian version of child and youth resilience measure‐revised in adolescents
Authors: Aghebati Asma , Javaherirenani Razieh , Amin Razieh , Pazhooyan Mahdiye , Farahani Hojjatollah , Ahadianfard Pantea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study explores the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure–Revised (CYRM‐R) in adolescent population.MethodA sample of 323 Iranian adolescents (12–18 years old) completed the CYRM‐R, Resilient Scale (RS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC‐SF). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the goodness of fit. Face, content, concurrent validity, and internal consistency were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed acceptable face and content validity. Goodness‐of‐fit was adequate and internal consistency (Cronbach's α exceeded .883) was strong. The CYRM‐R score correlated positively to the RS and MHC‐SF total score and negatively to the total score of BDI‐II, supporting the scale's concurrent validity. In addition, Factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure of this measure.ConclusionThe Persian version of the CYRM‐R presents adequate psychometric properties. It is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess resilience in adolescents.
Importance of aspartic acid side chain carboxylate‐arginine interaction in substrate selection of arginine 2,3‐aminomutase BlsG
Authors: Luo Xiangkun , Wang Xiankun , Zhang Lina , Du Aiqin , Deng Zixin , Jiang Ming , He Xinyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fungicide nucleoside blasticidin S features a β‐arginine, a moiety seldom revealed in the structure of natural products. BlsG, a radical SAM arginine‐2,3‐aminomutase from the blasticidin S biosynthetic pathway, displayed promiscuous activity to three basic amino acids. Here in this study, we demonstrated that BlsG showed high preference toward its natural substrate arginine. The combined structural modeling, steady‐state kinetics, and mutational analyses lead to the detailed understanding of the substrate recognition of BlsG. A single mutation of T340D changed the substrate preference of BlsG leading to a little more preference to lysine than arginine. On the basis of our understanding of the substrate selection of BlsG and bioinformatic analysis, we propose that the D…D motif locationally corresponding to D293 and D330 of KAM is characteristic of lysine 2,3‐aminomutase while the corresponding D…T motif is characteristic of arginine 2,3‐aminomutase. The study may provide a simple way to discern the arginine 2,3‐aminomutase and thus lead to the discovery of new natural compounds with β‐arginine moiety.
Systemic enantioselectivity study of penthiopyrad: enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, degradation and influence on tomato
Authors: Liu Rui , Deng Yue , Wu Di , Liu Yuping , Wang Zikang , Yu Simin , Nie Yufan , Zhu Wentao , Zhou Zhiqiang , Diao Jinling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to promote the green development of agriculture, it is important to study the enantioselective effect of chiral pesticides. The bioactivity of the chiral fungicide penthiopyrad (PEN) racemate and enantiomers against phytopathogens, toxicity to non‐target organisms, effect on tomato fruit growth and maturation, and environmental fate in tomato cultivation were evaluated at an enantioselective level in this study.RESULTSThe results indicated that at the same efficacy, the optically pure S‐(+)‐PEN could lower the dosage of racemate by 20–96%. The S‐enantiomer had low toxicity to earthworms. Besides, the S‐(+)‐PEN did not cause significant abiotic stress to the tomato and increased fruit fresh weight and size via modulating the contents of plant hormones. However, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2−) and malondialdehyde in the R‐enantiomer treatment group was significantly higher than the control group. The effect of the racemate on tomato fruit was between the enantiomers. Furthermore, compared to R‐(−)‐PEN and racemate, the S‐enantiomer degraded more quickly in tomato fruit, leaves, and soil, reducing the danger of human exposure.CONCLUSIONThe S‐enantiomer is highly effective and less toxic. The development of enantiomer pure S‐(+)‐PEN products might be an efficient and low‐risk strategy. The results lay the foundation for comprehensive evaluation and proper application of PEN. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anti‐phytopathogenic activity and the mechanisms of phthalides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
Authors: Ding Yan‐Yan , Sun Yu , Luo Xiong‐Fei , Zhang Shao‐Yong , Wang Rui , Yang Zhi‐Gang , Wang Jing‐Ru , Zhang Bao‐Qi , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Ma Yue , An Jun‐Xia , Zhou Han , Liu Ying‐Qian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe resistance of traditional chemical fungicides to plant pathogenic fungi and the threats to the safety of humans and the environment highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides. Owing to the wide spectrum of antifungal activities, low persistence and nontoxicity to mammals and aquatic life, essential oils have considerable potential as low‐risk pesticides. In this study, the essential oil and the main components of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui) were extracted, analyzed by GC–MS, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against six plant pathogenic fungi.RESULTS3‐butylidenephthalide (3‐BPH) showed the best antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum with an EC50 value of 14.35 μg mL−1. The antifungal mechanistic studies revealed that 3‐BPH induced the generation of endogenous ROS to cause lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and inhibited the biosynthesis of ergosterol, thereby causing the cell membrane damaged to exert its fungicidal activity. Significantly, 3‐BPH could reduce deoxynivalenol production compared to the control.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the potent fungicidal activity of natural phthalide compound 3‐BPH and highlighted its potential as an alternative agent to control F. graminearum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A New Fe(III) Complex Derived from Cyclohexane Based Imine Derivative: Studies on H2PO4− Recognition and Anti‐Cancer Activity Against MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Taniya Seikh , Khanra Somnath , Bhowmik Arpan Dey , Bandyopadhyay Arindam , Chatterjee Sudeshna , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Das Debasis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn imine derivative, N,N′‐bis‐(2‐hydroxo‐3‐ethoxy‐benzylidene)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine have been explored for the synthesis of a new Fe(III) complex (F3), the structure of which is confirmed by single crystal X‐Ray diffraction ( SC‐XRD) analysis. The F3 is very sensitive for selective optical recognition of H2PO4−in DMSO/H2O (4/1, v/v) media. The interaction of F3 with H2PO4− allows nano‐molar (91.17 nM) level detection of H2PO4− having association constant, 6.92×104 M−1. In addition, F3 is found to have an efficient anti‐cancer activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231.
Palladium‐Modified TiO2/MWCNTs for Efficient Carbon Capture and Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro‐aromatic Derivatives
Authors: Mohamed Yasser Mahmoud A. , Elgohary Elzahraa A. , Rabie Samira T. , Salih Said A. , Fekry Amany M. , El Nazer Hossam A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, modified TiO2 nanocomposites with the noble metal (Ag or Pd) followed by dispersion on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were synthesized and applied in the photocatalytic oxidation of CO at room temperature in the absence of oxygen. The results revealed that the highest active photocatalyst was Pd/TiO2/MWCNT towards CO and p‐nitrophenol (PNP) conversion. The reaction was dependent on the catalyst loading, concentration of tert‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as co‐catalyst and the reaction time as well as the temperature of their reduction. It was found that the optimal condition for PNP transformed into p‐aminophenol (PAP) and formic acid (HCOOH) was the use of 0.05 wt % of Pd/TiO2/MWCNT nanocatalyst, 2 mol % of TBAB under visible light irradiation condition at room temperature after 1 hour. The as‐prepared photocatalysts were fully characterized using Scanning electron microscope (SEM‐EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET). In addition, the band gaps of TiO2 nanoparticles, TiO2/MWCNT and Ag‐ or Pd‐modified TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposites were calculated from diffuse reflectance spectroscopic (DRS) analysis, ensuring the best photocatalytic efficiency. This approach is significantly beneficial for development of new generation of detoxification/transformation catalysts. The probable mechanism of photo‐oxidation of CO by H2O was postulated.
Synthesis, Vibrational Analysis, Electronic Structure Property Investigation and Molecular Simulation of Sulphonamide‐Based Carboxamides against Plasmodium Species
Authors: Asogwa Fredrick C. , Eze Florence U. , Mba Jenavine O. , Ezugwu James A. , Louis Hitler , Gber Terkumbur E. , Ogbuke Sunday C. , Ugwu Mirabel C. , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Ugwu David I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarboxamide derivatives containing p‐toluenesulfonamide functionality were synthesized by the environmentally friendly method using zinc chloride catalyst. All the synthesized compounds; 2‐N‐(4‐methylbenzenesulfonyl)‐1‐phenylformamido‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl) acetamide (MBPNA), 2‐N‐(4‐methylbenzenesulfonyl)‐1‐phenylformamido‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐phenyl propanamide (MBPNPP), 3‐(1H‐indol‐2‐yl)‐2‐N‐(4‐methylbenzenesulfonyl)‐1‐phenylformamido‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl) propanamide (HIMBPNP) and 4‐Methyl‐2‐N‐(4‐methylbenzenesulfonyl)‐1‐phenylformamido‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl) pentanamide (MBPNP) were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR studies. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations using the B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) functional/basis set along with molecular docking simulations were conducted to explore their electronic structure, reactivity indexes and bioactive potentials respectively. The results of the molecular anti‐plasmodal simulation showed that the compounds are very effective drug candidates especially HIMBPNP which among them contains the Indol group. The result of the present research therefore requires further attention as it provides a suitable platform for the discovery and biological assessment of new anti‐malaria drugs.
Protein Dihedral Angle Prediction: The State of the Art
Authors: Gogoi Chimi Rekha , Rahman Aziza , Saikia Bondeepa , Baruah Anupaul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe three dimensional native structure plays an important role in determining the function of a protein. However, structure determination is tedious and costly, so prediction of protein three dimensional structures is a very important as well as a challenging task in computational biophysics. Prediction of dihedral angle is particularly helpful for predicting tertiary structure of proteins as knowledge of backbone torsion angles significantly narrow down the conformational search space for tertiary structure prediction. Dihedral angles provide a detailed description of local conformation of a protein. With the advancement of machine learning and other relevant techniques, dihedral angle prediction may establish itself as a fascinating supplement to secondary structure prediction. Over the last two decades, research in this direction has led to development of several dihedral angle prediction methods. In this article we critically review available methods for protein dihedral angle prediction with an emphasis on deep learning based real value angle prediction methods. We believe this review will provide important insights into the state of the art of protein dihedral angle prediction.
Formation and Structural Characterization of Spinel‐Phase Zn2TiO4 Synthesized in a High‐Temperature Solution Approach
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xue Yun , An Chaonan , Yan Yongde , Xu Wenda , Ma Fuqiu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpinel phase Zn2TiO4 powders were prepared by high‐temperature solution, which is a kind of molten salt (such as KCl melt). The effect of Zn2TiO4 synthesis was explored under different holding time, preparation temperature and the mass ratio of salt to raw material in KCl melt. Through experimental analysis, the synthesis temperature range of Zn2TiO4 phase in KCl molten salt system was from 800 to 1000 °C. Compared with the traditional solid‐state reaction, the stable temperature range of Zn2TiO4 phase in KCl molten salt system was wider. The HRTEM image analysis of calcined product was consistent with the XRD result. The TEM analysis showed that the average particle size of Zn2TiO4 powder was 200 nm. The crystallinity of Zn2TiO4 increased with increasing sintering time and Zn/Ti molar ratio. Compared with LiCl+KCl and LiCl melts, the crystallinity of Zn2TiO4 powder synthesized in KCl molten salt system was better. It is determined that the high‐temperature solution (KCl melt) can be successfully applied for large‐scale synthesis of spinel phase Zn2TiO4.