bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When silence speaks louder than words: Exploring the experiences and attitudes of ghosters
Authors: Wu Karen , Bamishigbin Olajide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGhosting has become commonplace beyond romantic relationships. Therefore, we aimed to broadly understand ghosters' (i.e., people who ghost others) experiences including the process of ghosting, reasons and attributions for ghosting, feelings and behaviors associated with ghosting, and attitudes toward ghosting. Thirty‐four undergraduates (65% Latinx, 15% Asian, 12% Black, 8% Other ethnicity) who had ghosted another person were interviewed in‐person about their ghosting attitudes, ghosting behaviors, and a memorable ghosting experience. Inductive thematic analyses informed by grounded theory yielded eight themes: A Clear Cause, Avoidance of Confrontation, Short‐term Orientation, Ghostees as Socially Inferior, Ignoring then Blocking, Attempts by Ghostee to Reach Out, Mixed and Evolving Feelings, and Recognition of Harm. Our findings indicate that psychological consequences for ghosters should be further examined.
“Free will” is vague
Authors: Amaya Santiago 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that “free will” is vague. The argument has two steps. First, I argue that free will is a matter of degrees and, second, that there are no sharp boundaries separating free decisions and actions and non‐free ones. After presenting the argument, I focus on one significant consequence of the thesis, although others are mentioned along the way. In short, considerations of vagueness help understand the logic behind so‐called manipulation arguments, but also show why these arguments are ultimately flawed.
Determination from Above
Authors: Silver Kenneth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere are many historical concerns about freedom that have come to be deemphasized in the free will literature itself—for instance, worries around the tyranny of government or the alienation of capitalism. It is hard to see how the current free will literature respects these, or indeed how they could even find expression. This paper seeks to show how these and other concerns can be reintegrated into the debate by appealing to a levels ontology. Recently, Christian List and others have considered how the notion of levels could be relevant to the free will debate. Invariably, however, the focus is on the significance of facts at lower levels. The threats come from below, from fundamental physics or neuroscience. Here, I aim to show how we can frame many interesting concerns about free will in terms of threats from above. After arguing that determination from above is no less threatening, I catalogue such concerns that might constitute threats to our freedom. Doing this not only allows us to show how these concerns relate to those standardly discussed, but it pushes us to expand our conception of freedom.
A case of lung carcinoma with a unique biphasic feature: Implications for histogenesis of “fake mucoepidermoid carcinoma” developing in the peripheral lung
Authors: Kumagai Eita , Matsumura Mai , Kato Ikuma , Arai Hiromasa , Suzuki Takehisa , Sugiyama Misaki , Sekiya Motoki , Mitsui Hideaki , Kataoka Toshiaki , Iwashita Hiromichi , Okudela Koji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a case of lung carcinoma with a unique biphasic feature. The patient was a 67‐year‐old male smoker with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A subpleural tumor in the left lower lobe, embedded in fibrotic tissue, was resected. Histologically, the tumor consisted of major and minor components of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and surrounding conventional lepidic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Both components had the same TP53 somatic mutation (p.V157F) but not Mastermind‐like 2 (MAML2) gene rearrangement. The two components may have developed from an identical origin. The tumor could be trans‐differentiating from lepidic adenocarcinoma to MEC, possibly promoted by IPF‐induced tissue damage. The final diagnosis was “adenosquamous carcinoma with mucoepidermoid‐like features (that may originate from lepidic adenocarcinoma).” This case has implications for the potential histogenesis of peripheral lung MEC. Over time, the MEC would expand and outgrow the lepidic adenocarcinoma, making it impossible to distinguish between fake and true MEC. The present case suggests that peripheral MEC could differ from proximal MEC in its histogenesis and molecular genetics. Thus, careful examination is necessary to diagnose peripheral lung MEC, particularly in patients with interstitial lung diseases.
National security in presidential time: The politics of the National Security Council
Authors: Snyder Neil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe National Security Council (NSC) is the preeminent national security feature of the modern U.S. presidency. The NSC is the president's council, but presidents have varied dramatically in how frequently they have convened formal meetings of the NSC since the NSC system was created in 1947. Under what conditions are presidents likely to hold NSC meetings? I argue that presidents are pragmatic about when to engage personally in national security affairs and that presidents are incentivized to conduct NSC meetings more frequently early in a presidency. Using a novel data set of all NSC meetings from 1947 to 1993, I find that presidents are likely to hold NSC meetings most frequently in the first year of office and that NSC meeting frequency is likely to decline substantially over a president's first 3 years in office, even after controlling for important international security conditions and domestic political factors previously thought to influence presidential national security behavior. The results affirm prior scholars' description of the NSC as a presidential mechanism for international crisis management but also suggest that time in office is an important determinant of presidential national security behavior.
Interoception and the musical brain: Evidence from cross‐sectional and longitudinal behavioral and resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Herman Aleksandra M. , Olszewska Alicja , Gaca Maciej , Droździel Dawid , Marchewka Artur 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMusical training has been linked to enhanced interoceptive abilities and increased resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) within the interoceptive brain network. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings with a unique cross‐sectional and longitudinal study design. Professional musicians and matched individuals with no prior musical experience (training group) were recruited. Participants underwent RS fMRI scans and completed heartbeat counting and discrimination tasks outside of the scanner (time point 1). The training group additionally had RS scans and interoception tests repeated after a 6‐month‐long keyboard course training (time point 2). We found no evidence for increased interoceptive abilities in professional musicians relative to non‐musicians, nor did we observe any improvements in interoception over the course of musical training. RS FC analysis revealed increased FC within the sensorimotor network in professional musicians compared to the training group at the first time point with no change in FC over time in the Training group. These findings challenge the view that musical training may improve interoceptive abilities. Yet, the results suggest that musical training is related to increased communication within the sensorimotor RS network, which consists of some hubs important for interoceptive processing (namely pre‐ and postcentral gyri and supplementary motor area).
Neural mechanisms for integrating time and visual velocity cues in a prediction motion task: An fNIRS study
Authors: Qin Kuiyuan , Liu Yu , Liu Saifang , Li Ying , Li Yuan , You Xuqun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman beings use accurate estimates of the time‐to‐collision of moving objects effortlessly in everyday life. In the laboratory, researchers typically apply prediction motion (PM) tasks to investigate motion processing. In the PM tasks, time structure refers to the ratio of travel time between the visible segment (first segment) and occluded segment (second segment). The condition of T = 1.0, which indicates that the time spent moving is the same across the two segments, is called equal time structure. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms of time and visual velocity information in prediction motion using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Experiment 1 showed that when visual velocity was not available, participants performed better in equal time structure conditions than in unequal time structure conditions. Moreover, the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) showed higher activation under equal time structure conditions. Experiment 2 showed that participants also performed better in equal time structure conditions when visual velocity was available. Both the left IPL and superior parietal lobe (SPL) exhibited stronger activation under equal time structure conditions in Experiment 2. A comparison between the two experiments showed that participants integrated time structure and visual velocity to estimate arrival time of the moving object. The fNIRS data indicated that the left SPL could be involved in information integration when judging arrival time.
Rethinking complementarity: The co‐evolution of public and private governance in corporate climate disclosure
Authors: Elliott Christian , Janzwood Amy , Bernstein Steven , Hoffmann Matthew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn its 20 years of operation, the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) has been enormously successful as a private governor of corporate climate risk disclosure. Despite an influx of potentially competitive government‐led disclosure initiatives and interventions, the use of CDP's platform has nonetheless accelerated. To explain this outcome, we argue that public interventions augment the value of private governance for firms when the costs of compliance overlap, benefits of compliance with private rules are undiminished, and normalization helps kickstart positive feedback effects. These conditions of complementarity are made possible by private governors leveraging authority, access, and adaptability as public responses materialize. We illustrate our argument with two cases: the Non‐Financial Reporting Directive in the European Union and the G20's Task Force for Climate‐Related Financial Disclosures. In elaborating the conditions for complementarity beyond a functional division of governing labor, our study helps clarify how public and private governance co‐evolve in a mutually reinforcing manner.
Estimation of fine sediment stocks in gravel bed rivers including the sand fraction
Authors: Deng Junjian , Camenen Benoît , Legout Cédric , Nord Guillaume 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTFine sediment stored in the gravel bed is an important component of river systems. Current field protocols usually allow evaluation of the silt–clay fraction of fine sediment stocks only and neglect the sand fraction. This study proposes a new protocol to quantify fine sediment stocks, including the sand fraction inside the gravel bed matrix. Fine sediment stocks were sampled within patches of 0.30 m × 0.30 m on the dry gravel bed surface, separating the surface layer and the subsurface layer. The grain‐size distribution of the samples was obtained by field sieving (10 mm, 2 mm, 500 μm and 100 μm) over a bucket, using a known volume of water. The mass of the fraction below 100 μm was measured based on the concentration within the bucket. The local stocks were then integrated over the whole river reach by assigning local stocks to facies, in which fine sediment stocks were assumed to be homogeneously distributed. The methodology was applied to a 1 km long reach of the River Galabre (Southern French Alps), characterized by significant fine sediment stocks and upstream sediment input. Results from local measurements show a large amount of sand in both surface and subsurface layers. The quantity of sand can reach up to three times the quantity of silt–clay. An estimation of porosity showed that fine material may play an important role in structuring the bed, since porosity increases with increasing fine sediment content. The potential fine sediment stock that can be resuspended due to channel migration is found to be of the same order of magnitude as the sediment budget estimated from the measured flux in the upstream hydrometric station of the studied reach.
Relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis: A speculative model and its implications for a novel treatment
Authors: Bretscher Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clinical pattern in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis may be accounted for if an autoreactive immune response can transition back and forth between inflammatory, pathogenic, and non‐inflammatory, non‐pathogenic modes. Such ‘back‐and‐forth’ immune responses are rare. I speculate how such back‐and‐forth immune responses may arise. Understanding the nature of these different modes, and what controls their mutual transition, may help in designing strategies to favour the nonpathogenic mode, thus constituting treatment. Antigen dose is known to be critical in determining the class/subclass of primary immune responses. Observations have led us to suggest the level of antigen also similarly influences the class/subclass of on‐going immune responses. I propose the relapsing, inflammatory and the remitting modes are respectively sustained by relatively low and high amounts of the responsible autoantigens, as is the case, for example, for Th1 and Th2 responses to foreign antigens. In addition, I propose more self‐antigens are released during an inflammatory than during a remitting mode. The decrease in the amount of antigen released, as the response transitions from an inflammatory to a remitting mode, results in time in a decreased level of antigen and so the response again evolves towards the inflammatory mode. The inflammatory mode then leads to an increased release of antigen and so, in time, to remission. This model thus explains the transition between different modes. I outline non‐invasive, testable predictions of the hypothesis. If confirmed, it may be ethical to examine whether the non‐inflammatory mode can be sustained by administering myelin antigens during the remitting phase.
A gender story of institutional disengagement of young adults in Latin America
Authors: Liu Chia , Castro Torres Andrés Felipe , Batyra Ewa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLatin America is home to many young adults who are neither engaged in formal education nor work, controversially dubbed as “nini” (“ni” trabajan “ni” estudian, denoting neither working nor studying). At the same time, early union formation and parenthood are pervasive in the region. Theories pertaining to the linkage between parenthood and female labor force participation are heavily based on evidence found in the Global North, with limited research on the topic in settings with less stable family structures, such as Latin American countries. This study tests the role household structure and family formation play on institutional disengagement of young adults in 12 Latin American countries. We explore the gender dynamic of human capital stagnation by focusing on early parenthood and conjugal partnership for women and men aged 20–25. We use censuses from the Integrated Public‐Use Microdata Series and country‐specific linear regression models. Our results reveal that the intersection of class and gender is a major determinant of institutional disengagement in the region. Women from lower social origins who leave parental home to enter conjugal union and parenthood at younger ages are particularly at risk. This study highlights the urgency of contextualizing the interplay between work and family within the framework of regional family norms, prompting further dialogues concerning the social implications of perceived inactivity.
A review of the tectonic, volcanological and hazard history of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Authors: De Astis Gianfilippo , Doronzo Domenico M. , Di Vito Mauro A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVulcano is one of the seven volcanic islands composing the Aeolian Islands archipelago (Southern Italy), which also includes three other active volcanoes. The island was originally a stratovolcano like Stromboli; afterwards, its shape turned towards a complex structure composed of several volcanic landforms of different sizes. This is due to the great variability of the tectonic and volcanic phenomena, presently showing a volcano made by two calderas, a lava dome complex and two small active cones. The largest of them is the tuff cone of La Fossa, hosted in the middle of a 3‐km‐wide caldera structure (La Fossa caldera), whose borders are visible on the southern and western sides of the island. Its last eruption occurred in 1888–1890. At present, Vulcano is characterized by weak shallow seismicity and intense fumarolic activity mainly concentrated within the crater of the La Fossa cone and along its rims during a recent unrest phase started in 2021, and measured with a multiparametric monitoring network.
Higher pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IFN‐γ are associated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐specific seroconversion in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Yadav Brijesh , Prasad Narayan , Kushwaha Ravi Shankar , Patel Manas Ranjan , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Kaul Anupma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance immunosuppressive regimens are speculated to hamper immunogenic response against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) compared to the healthy population. Healthy people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection often develop neutralizing antibodies and secret copious quantities of cytokines, leading to virus clearance and sometimes more severe immune‐related complications.MethodsRTRs, either acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (infection group, n = 132) or were vaccinated with two vaccine doses (vaccination group, n = 78) against SARS‐CoV‐2, were recruited in the study. Thirty‐five unvaccinated RTRs, without anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐specific antibodies, were also included as control. Cytokines interleukine‐6 (IL‐6), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), TGF‐β, and IL‐10 were measured using ELISA. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐specific IgG‐titer was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay methods.ResultsThe seroconversion rate in the infection group was 115/132 (87.12%), with a median antibody titer 706.40 au/mL (IQR, 215.45–1844.42), and in the vaccination group was 63/78 (80.76%) with antibody titer 1454.20 au/mL (IQR, 80.52–3838.75). The IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β, and IL‐10 levels were significantly higher in both the infection and vaccination group compared to healthy control. In the infection group, pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 (55.41 ± 24.30 vs. 31.64 ± 16.98 pg/mL, p < .001) and IFN‐γ (91.21 ± 33.09 vs. 61.69 ± 33.28 pg/mL, p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group as compared to non‐seroconverter. Similarly, in the vaccination group, pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 (50.31 ± 25.67 vs. 30.00 ± 11.19 pg/mL; p = .002) and IFN‐γ (65.70 ± 39.78 vs. 32.14 ± 17.48 pg/mL; p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group compared to non‐seroconverter. In contrast, TGF‐β (820.96 ± 415.78 vs. 1045.57 ± 204.66; p = .046) was higher in non‐seroconverter.ConclusionsPro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IFN‐γ were significantly associated with seroconversion after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination in RTRs.
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Community‐level incidence and treatment seeking during febrile illness: Insights from health behaviour surveys in rural Thailand and Laos
Authors: Haenssgen Marco J. , Charoenboon Nutcha , Early Annabelle , Althaus Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveCritical gaps remain in understanding community perceptions and treatment‐seeking behaviours in case of fever. This is especially relevant considering global antimicrobial resistance, where fever is assumed to provoke non‐judicious antibiotic use. Our study objective was therefore to document the community‐level incidence of fever, the resulting treatment‐seeking processes, and their underlying behavioural drivers.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional observational design, we used descriptive and inferential statistics and multivariable regression analysis to estimate the population‐level incidence of fever and individual and socio‐economic factors associated with treatment‐seeking process characteristics. We utilised a detailed publicly available survey of community‐level treatment‐seeking behaviour (collected in 2017/2018), comprising a representative sample of 2130 rural adults in Thailand (Chiang Rai Province) and Lao PDR (Salavan Province).ResultsFever was reported by 7.1% of the rural adult population in Chiang Rai (95% CI: 5.1%–9.0%) and 7.5% in Salavan (95% CI: 4.5%–10.5%) during a 2‐month recall period. Treatment‐seeking patterns varied by socio‐economic characteristics like precarious employment. 69.3% (95% CI: 60.8%–77.7%) of fever episodes involved access to formal (public/private) healthcare providers, 11.0% (95% CI: 4.5%–17.5%) involved informal providers, and 24.3% (95% CI: 16.6%–32.1%) took place without either formal or informal healthcare access. Febrile patients had on average 0.39 antibiotic use episodes when accessing formal healthcare settings, compared to 0.05 otherwise (p < 0.01).ConclusionTreatment‐seeking behaviour during fever varies according to population characteristics. Clinical studies would benefit from contextualising quantitative outcomes. Treatment algorithms for non‐malarial febrile illnesses should involve outreach to informal healthcare and community settings to support patients in precarious circumstances, and antibiotic resistance interventions should prioritise formal healthcare facilities.
Comparison of equine paranasal sinus trephination complications and outcome following standing computed tomography, radiography and sinoscopy guided approaches for the treatment of sinusitis
Authors: Hopfgartner Teresa , Brown James A. , Adams M. Norris , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe recent availability of standing computed tomography (CT) for equine paranasal sinus disease has enhanced diagnosis and enabled more targeted surgery compared to radiography and sinoscopy. To date, there have been no studies which have critically evaluated the benefit of preoperative CT versus radiography and sinoscopy on complications and outcome in horses undergoing sinus trephination.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsA total of 229 equids.MethodsThe medical records of equids (229) presented for sinusitis treated via trephination that had CT, radiography and/or sinoscopy at time of surgery between 2009 and 2022 were reviewed. Outcome and complications were evaluated for six different pre‐ and intraoperative imaging modalities.ResultsThe six groups did not differ in demographics or disease category, though equids with less weight (p = .0179) and shorter disease duration (p = .0075) were more likely to have radiography and sinoscopy based surgical planning. Short‐term postoperative complications occurred in 30.1% and were higher in groups using preoperative CT imaging (p = .01), with hemorrhage being the most common surgical complication. Following initial trephination surgery, 57.0% (127/223) of cases resolved and there was no difference between the imaging groups. Final resolution after follow‐up medical or surgical treatment increased to 94.6% (211/223) and was not different between the imaging groups or between primary or secondary sinusitis. Additional nasal fenestrations to improve sinonasal drainage, maxillary septal bulla fenestrations and trephinations to treat nasal conchal bullae were made in the CT groups.Clinical significanceCT provided additional diagnostic information and enabled different surgical approaches but did not improve resolution in this study population.