bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYPOTHYROIDISM IN THE ELDERLY: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT VERSUS ROUTINE SCREENING
Authors: Barnes D J , O'Connor J D , Bending J J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA total of 304 patients aged 65 years or over were prospectively studied over a four‐month period to assess whether clinical findings or routine screening were more helpful in diagnosing biochemical hypothyroidism.The most useful symptom relevant to a possible diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the elderly was found to be dry skin. Dermatological signs and certain ECG abnormalities (especially atrial fibrillation) were helpful when querying a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Almost 50% of patients receiving amiodarone had abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs). Routine screening for hypothyroidism does not seem justifiable from our available data although this conclusion may have been different had hospital clinicians and general practitioners followed their patients up more closely after an initial abnormal result was obtained.
ACAROSAN AND THE ACAREX TEST IN THE CONTROL OF HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGENS IN THE HOME
Authors: Ridout S , Twiselton R , Matthews S , Stevens M , Matthews L , Arshad S H , Hide D W 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYHouse dust mites are believed to be major triggers for allergic disease in atopic individuals. As part of a programme controlling dietary and aero‐allergen exposure in high‐risk infants, an acaricidal foam and powder (Acarosan) was applied to bedroom and main living room carpets, as well as upholstered furniture, on four occasions in the first year of life. Dust was assayed for mite antigen (Der p1) and these results compared with the semi‐quantitative assay of guanine content (Acarex Test). After nine months mean Der p1 levels had decreased by 70% in the treatment group. Proportionally, the greatest fall occurred in those items that had the highest initial mite antigen content. The Acarex score does show a correlation with Der p1 levels, but cannot replace antigen assay when accurate data is required. A chemical acaricide may help reduce house dust mite antigen levels, but is not by itself sufficient to reduce levels below that considered critical for sensitisation.
A SURVEY OF ASPIRIN USE IN THE PRE‐HOSPITAL TREATMENT OF SUSPECTED ACUTE CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
Authors: Bland R , Vaidya K , Deodhar H 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYRecent large studies have demonstrated the value of early intervention with aspirin and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction for patients reaching hospital alive. Management of patients with suspected myocardial infarction prior to hospitalisation is an important area of acute cardiac care. Guidelines for good practice suggest the early administration of aspirin should be considered when an infarct seems likely. We have found aspirin less commonly used than other interventions prior to hospital admission in patients with suspected acute cardiac pain.
SEVERE LARGE AND SMALL BOWEL FIBROSIS CLINICALLY MIMICKING GROSS SPLENOMEGALY
Authors: Olubodun J O B , Ikerionwu S E , Kuti J A , Jaiyesimi A E A , Talabi O A , Adefuye B O 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe case of an 18‐year‐old female, with mild left hypochondrial pain and an abdominal mass mimicking gross splenomegaly, with severe small and large bowel fibrosis and adhesions and numerous mononuclear cellular infiltrate on histology, is presented. A clear picture of intestinal obstruction only unfolded terminally. She died within 48 hours of presentation.Our patient illustrates the fact that severe intestinal adhesions may present with very mild symptoms and signs and therefore a high index of suspicion is necessary, to reduce the attendant high mortality in intestinal obstruction in our environment.
On merchandise return policy, entrepreneurial internet retail, and customer reviews – Insights from an observational study
Authors: García‐Dastugue Sebastián J. , Nilakantan Rahul , Wallenburg Carl Marcus , Rao Shashank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rapid growth of Internet retail platforms (e.g., Shopify and Wix) and marketplaces (e.g., Amazon, eBay, and Etsy) has given rise to a new wave of entrepreneurship. These are platform entrepreneurs—individuals who establish micro‐retail businesses on third‐party platforms. While there are now millions of such entrepreneurs worldwide, there has been limited scholarly investigation regarding the role of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (LSCM) policies that they can adapt to benefit their small businesses. Because the success of such businesses is intricately driven by the reviews they receive, we deem it essential to investigate how such reviews may be related to their LSCM policies. We conduct an observational field study at one such small platform seller. By investigating items sold under varying merchandise return policies (MRPs), we seek to isolate the relationship between MRP, and the likelihood, positivity, and depth of the reviews left by shoppers. Based on the concept of contractuality, rooted in Sociometer Theory, our results reveal that a more lenient MRP may serve as a perk that may positively impact the customer's review writing. However, the relationship is not monotonic. Instead, there is evidence that the effect of extended MRP leniency on reviews tapers off beyond a certain point.
Social preferences and sales performance
Authors: Essl Andrea , von Bieberstein Frauke , Kosfeld Michael , Kröll Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use an incentivized experimental game to uncover heterogeneity in social preferences among salespeople in a large Austrian retail chain. Our results show that the majority of agents take the welfare of others into account but a significant fraction reveal selfish behavior. Matching individual behavior in the game with firm data on sales performance shows that agents with social preferences achieve a significantly higher revenue per customer. However, at the same time, they achieve fewer sales per day. Both effects offset each other, so that the overall association with total sales revenue becomes insignificant. Our findings highlight the nuanced role of selfish versus social preferences in sales contexts with important implications for economic research.
Development of cryo‐desiccated whey and soy protein conglomerates; effect of maltodextrin on their functionality and digestibility
Authors: Bebartta Ram Prasad , Umar Muhammad , Ruktanonchai Uracha Rungsardthong , Anal Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims at enhancing the thermal stability, functional properties, and digestibility of the protein isolates by addition of maltodextrin. Higher total soluble solid content, less cohesiveness, and high hygroscopicity of maltodextrin allow the protein isolates to show better thermal and functional stability along with improved digestibility. The functionality of powders depends on their particle size, the structure of particles, shape, flowability, and wettability, etc. The effect of maltodextrin (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the functional properties of WPI, SPI, and the mixture of these proteins (1:1 ratio) was evaluated in this study. The samples were prepared in distilled water (10 w/v % solution of SPI and WPI), cryo‐desiccated (freeze‐dried), and then further dried using a fluidized bed drier (at 80, 90, 100°C) to improve the functional properties. The addition of 15% maltodextrin was obtained as an optimum condition as it provides good functional properties (flowability such as cohesiveness, compressibility index, angle of repose, wettability, solubility, color, and water activity) with maximum thermal stability (113 ± 2°C for WPI, 115 ± 0.5°C for SPI and 118 ± 0.1°C for mixture) studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The powders were further characterized using FTIR, SEM, and SDS‐PAGE to evaluate the effect of in‐vitro digestibility on the protein conglomerates. The in vitro digestibility of the conglomerates containing WPI, SPI, and the mix was 91.24% ± 2.5, 56.48% ± 3.9, and 80.71% ± 3.1, respectively, and show good stability in the gastric phase (pH < 3), which depicts the resistance of conglomerates due to maltodextrin. These protein conglomerates can be ingested orally to gain the benefits of plant and animal proteins simultaneously and can also be incorporated in functional beverages and food items to improve the nutritional value.Practical applicationsThe functional properties of animal protein (WPI) and plant protein (SPI) were improved by the addition of maltodextrin. The maltodextrin improves the gastric digestibility and pH stability of the protein conglomerates. These animal and plant‐based protein conglomerates can be utilized in diets or functional foods as a good source of protein constituents. Higher protein content with good solubility can be attractive to food manufacturers in preparing semi‐solid and liquid novel food systems. Alternatively, these powders can be consumed as dietary supplement to increase the protein uptake and for better digestibility.
On presentation of the human cerebral sulci from inside of the cerebrum
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe human cerebral cortex is highly convoluted forming patterns of gyri separated by sulci. The cerebral sulci and gyri are fundamental in cortical anatomy as well as neuroimage processing and analysis. Narrow and deep cerebral sulci are not fully discernible either on the cortical or white matter surface. To cope with this limitation, I propose a new sulci presentation method that employs the inner cortical surface for sulci examination from the inside of the cerebrum. The method has four steps, construct the cortical surface, segment and label the sulci, dissect (open) the cortical surface, and explore the fully exposed sulci from the inside. The inside sulcal maps are created for the left and right lateral, left and right medial, and basal hemispheric surfaces with the sulci parcellated by color and labeled. These three‐dimensional sulcal maps presented here are probably the first of this kind created. The proposed method demonstrates the full course and depths of sulci, including narrow, deep, and/or convoluted sulci, which has an educational value and facilitates their quantification. In particular, it provides a straightforward identification of sulcal pits which are valuable markers in studying neurologic disorders. It enhances the visibility of sulci variations by exposing branches, segments, and inter‐sulcal continuity. The inside view also clearly demonstrates the sulcal wall skewness along with its variability and enables its assessment. Lastly, this method exposes the sulcal 3‐hinges introduced here.
Aesthetic considerations for treating the Asian patient: Thriving in diversity international roundtable series
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Park Je‐Young , Ho Wilson W. S. , Vachiramon Vasanop , Dayan Steve 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe unique anatomy of the Asian face, along with the influence of cultural forces and regional preferences, has led to the development of specialized approaches to rejuvenation and beautification that are applicable to the aesthetic practice within Asia as well as those who serve these patients internationally.AimsTo discuss similarities and differences in anatomy and treatment preferences of Asian patients and explore how these differences may influence aesthetic practices.Patients/MethodsIn support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a six‐part international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021 to May 16, 2022.ResultsThe results of the sixth and final roundtable in the series, the Asian Patient, are described here. Anatomical differences and their influence on treatment preferences are discussed, and specific procedural information provided for management of facial shape and projection, including advanced injection techniques for the eyelid‐forehead complex.ConclusionsThe continued exchange of ideas and treatment techniques support not only optimal aesthetic outcomes for a diverse range of patients within a given practice, but also the evolution of aesthetic medicine. The expert approaches detailed here may be used to inform treatment plans tailored to the Asian population.
Personality dynamics: Regulatory mechanisms and processes
Authors: Fajkowska Małgorzata , Quirin Markus , Rauthmann John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPersonality dynamics have recently revived interest as a subject of systematic investigation in personality science. Personality dynamics theories and research refer to nonstatic phenomena related to personality, such as the regulatory mechanisms and processes involved in the control of behavior and experience related to personality and their interactions with situations. Such research is not only important to understand personality but also important to explain the large amount of variability in behavior and experience in an individual that can hardly be explained by a few personality traits. This introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Personality outlines the contributions of 11 articles tackling four emerging trends in the field: (1) personality dynamics and levels of regulation; (2) personality dynamics and the motivational dimension of regulation; (3) dynamics and regulatory potentials of structural personality components; and (4) personality dynamics and timescales. Moreover, we add recommendations for future exploration. Together, we believe that our special issue advances personality science in conceptualizing and examining personality dynamics as well as drawing attention to unanswered issues.
A retrospective study on bone metastasis in dogs with advanced‐stage solid cancer
Authors: Agnoli C. , Sabattini S. , Ubiali A. , Battisti E. , Rossi F. , Diana A. , Camerino M. T. , Perfetti S. , Ciammaichella L. , Stefanello D. , Papa M. , Zaccone R. , Marconato L. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo review clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with solid cancer‐bearing bone metastases.Materials and MethodsRecords were reviewed from dogs with histologically‐proven solid cancer and bone metastases. Clinicopathologic variables, bone metastases characteristics and skeletal‐related events were recorded. Endpoints were time to bone metastases and survival.ResultsFifty dogs were included, 20 of them with synchronous and 30 of them with metachronous bone metastases. In the latter group, median time to diagnosis of bone metastases was 210 days (range, 30 to 1835). Most common primary cancer locations included mammary gland (n=6), spleen (n=5) and tonsil (n=5). Most common histotypes were carcinoma (n=32) and hemangiosarcoma (n=10). Nineteen dogs had multiple bones involvement, with humeri and vertebrae more commonly affected. Twenty‐four dogs received antitumoural therapy, five symptomatic treatment and 21 were not treated. Overall median survival after bone metastases diagnosis was 30 days (range, 11 to 49); 83% of dogs died because of skeletal‐related events. Lack of antitumoural therapy was significantly associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 5.6) and with increased risk of skeletal‐related death (hazard ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 7.4). Dogs with endocrine/neuroendocrine tumours (odds ratio: 8.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 63.9), without appendicular metastases (odds ratio: 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 25.8), without extra‐skeletal metastases (odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 24.5) and receiving antitumoural therapy (odds ratio: 14.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 131.4) had an increased chance of surviving more than 100 days.Clinical SignificanceBone metastases in dogs with solid cancers are associated with poor prognosis and a high risk of skeletal‐related events. Treatment appears to have an impact on survival.
Studying structural and rheological properties of alginate‐whey protein isolate cold‐set hybrid emulgels at various pH levels
Authors: Zare Mahdieh , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi , Hosseini Seyed M. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffects of different pH values (4–7) and whey protein isolate (WPI) concentrations (0.5–1.5%) were evaluated on physical, mechanical, and rheological properties of cold‐set alginate‐based soybean oil hybrid emulgels. The pH value changes were more effective than WPI concentration changes on emulgel properties. According to syneresis and texture profile analysis results, 1% WPI was selected as the optimum concentration. The XRD analysis showed that calcium alginate (CA) emulgel at pH 6 had a different peak at 2θ of 14.8°, likely indicating the highest amount of ion‐bridging and maximum number of junction zones. The homogeneity of CA and CA + WPI emulgels (determined by image entropy analysis) decreased by pH reduction from 7 to 4, which can be related to acid‐induced intermolecular interactions between alginate chains. The rheological properties of CA and CA + WPI emulgels revealed predominant elastic character (G′ > G′′) at different pH values. Creep test results showed that the relative recovery of emulgel prepared at pH 7 and 5 was 18.10 and 63.83%, respectively, suggesting pH reduction contributed to increase in the elastic component of material. The findings of this study can be applied for developing structured cold‐set emulgels as solid fat replacers in meat and dairy products.
Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunodiffusion for detection ofanti‐Histoplasmaantibodies in serum from cats and dogs
Authors: Tims Rebecca , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Nafe Laura , Durkin Michelle M. , Smith‐Davis Jennifer , Wheat L. Joseph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHistoplasmaantigen and anti‐Histoplasmaantibody detection are used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. There is a paucity of published data on antibody assays.ObjectivesOur primary hypothesis was that anti‐Histoplasmaimmunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody detection using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) will be more sensitive as compared to immunodiffusion (ID).AnimalsThirty‐seven cats and 22 dogs with proven or probable histoplasmosis; 157 negative control animals.MethodsResidual stored sera were tested for anti‐Histoplasmaantibodies using EIA and ID. Results of urine antigen EIA were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated for all three assays and compared between immunoglobulin G (IgG) EIA and ID. The diagnostic sensitivity of urine antigen EIA and IgG EIA, interpreted in parallel, was reported.ResultsSensitivity of IgG EIA was 30/37 (81.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 68.5%‐93.4%) in cats and 17/22 (77.3%; 95% CI, 59.8%‐94.8%) in dogs. Diagnostic sensitivity of ID was 0/37 (0%; 95% CI, 0%‐9.5%) in cats and 3/22 (13.6%; 95% CI, 0%‐28.0%) in dogs. Immunoglobulin G EIA was positive in all animals (2 cats and 2 dogs) with histoplasmosis but without detectable antigen in urine. Diagnostic specificity of IgG EIA was 18/19 (94.7%; 95% CI, 74.0%‐99.9%) in cats and 128/138 (92.8%; 95% CI, 87.1%‐96.5%) in dogs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAntibody detection by EIA can be used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats and dogs. Immunodiffusion has an unacceptably low diagnostic sensitivity and is not recommended.
Biosecurity: Reducing the burden of disease
Authors: Subasinghe Rohana , Alday‐Sanz Victoria , Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Jie Huang , Shinn Andrew P. , Sorgeloos Patrick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe challenges and problems of managing good biosecurity are wide‐ranging and multifactorial with many compounding factors to pre‐dispose farmed stocks to an increased risk of infection with consequential stock losses. Many challenges are anthropogenic in origin and may be the result of the physical location (site) and/or the poor design of the production facility (i.e., water re‐use; lack of zoning based on biosecurity risk, etc.) as well as from inappropriate decisions and practices made once the site is in production (i.e., pushing the system for increased biomass production). There is a need for better regulation and health legislation across aquaculture—an industry that embraces the culture of >500 species. In the absence of regulatory frameworks and culture guidelines, it is difficult for farmers to apply certain measures such as maximum stocking densities and maximum allowed biomass, conduct disease surveillance and regular health checks, and report diseases to relevant authorities for advice. In this review, we have identified several issues which are continuing to challenge the design and implementation of efficient and effective biosecurity strategies and protocols at all levels, requiring attention over the coming decade. They are, not in any order of priority: (a) healthy seed, (b) emergency preparedness and response, (c) diagnostics, (d) microbial management at the production level, (e) disease and pathogen surveillance, (f) trade in aquatic species, (g) policies and regulatory framework, (h) welfare, (i) research and technology development, (j) antimicrobial resistance, (k) non‐conventional ways of pathogen transfer, and (l) Progressive Management Pathway.
Labor mobility agreements and exit of migrants: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Bazillier Rémi , Magris Francesco , Mirza Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study how free labor mobility agreements in Europe, usually thought to favor inward migration, might actually create good incentives for already settled migrants to exit their host country. Using outmigration data between 1990 and 2011, a period of observation where some countries entered the EU and especially a period during which Schengen agreements have been progressively implemented by a large number of European countries, we could test this conjecture. While the evidence for EU is mixed, we find very strong evidence that Schengen did increase migrations outflows by 40 to 53%. The effect appears to be even higher for outmigrants originating from Eastern Europe after their countries' accession to Schengen. Also, and consistent with the hypothesis of preferences for living at home or in a country with a close culture to home, the effect of Schengen on outmigration happens to be smaller when the countries of origin and of residence of the outmigrants are close in terms of their cultural traits. Also, we document that the Schengen effect is significantly higher for outmigration flows than for immigration flows by almost 20 percentage points.
Mechanical overload induces TMJ disc degeneration via TRPV4 activation
Authors: Cui Sheng‐Jie , Yang Fu‐Jia , Wang Xue‐Dong , Mao Ze‐Bin , Gu Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc cushions intraarticular stress during mandibular movements. While mechanical overloading is related to cartilage degeneration, the pathogenesis of TMJ disc degeneration is unclear. Here, we determined the regulatory role of mechanoinductive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in mechanical overload‐induced TMJ disc degeneration.MethodsWe explored the effect of mechanical overload on the TMJ discs in a rat occlusal interference model in vivo, and by applying sustained compressive force in vitro. TRPV4 inhibition was delivered by small interfering RNA or GSK2193874; TRPV4 activation was delivered by GSK1016790A. The protective effect of TRPV4 inhibition was validated in the rat occlusal interference model.ResultsOcclusal interference induced TMJ disc degeneration with enhanced extracellular matrix degradation in vivo and mechanical overload promoted inflammatory responses in the TMJ disc cells via Ca2+ influx with significantly upregulated TRPV4. TRPV4 inhibition reversed mechanical overload‐induced inflammatory responses; TRPV4 activation simulated mechanical overload‐induced inflammatory responses. Moreover, TRPV4 inhibition alleviated TMJ disc degeneration in the rat occlusal interference model.ConclusionOur findings suggest TRPV4 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mechanical overload‐induced TMJ disc degeneration and may be a promising target for the treatment of degenerative changes of the TMJ disc.