bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Genetics and Comorbid Genes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tian Ye , Ma Guochen , Li Haoqi , Zeng Yaxian , Zhou Siquan , Wang Xiaoyu , Shan Shufang , Xu Yujie , Xiong Jingyuan , Cheng Guo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity exists between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the role of genetic factors is unclear.ObjectiveWe aim to investigate genetic correlation, causal relationship, and comorbid genes between ALS and PD.MethodsLeveraging the largest genome‐wide association study data (ALS: 27,205 cases, 110,881 controls; PDG: 33,674 cases, 449,056 controls), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization analysis for genetic correlation and causal inference. We performed genome‐wide cross‐trait analysis via Multi‐Trait Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies and Cross‐Phenotype Association to identify specific single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, followed by functional mapping and annotation. Integrating expression quantitative trait loci data from 13 brain regions, we conducted a transcriptome‐wide association study via functional summary‐based imputation and joint‐tissue imputation to explore comorbid genes, followed by pathway enrichment analysis.ResultsWe found that PD positively correlates with ALS (rg = 0.144, P = 0.026) and confers a causal effect (odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.15, P = 3.00 × 10−3). We identified nine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (eight new), associating with three risk loci (chromosomes 4, 10, and 17) and seven genes (TMEM175, MAPT, NSF, LRRC37A2, ARHGAP27, GAK, and FGFRL1). In transcriptome‐wide association study analysis, we showed six previously unreported pleiotropic genes (KANSL1, ARL17B, EFNA1, WNT3, ERCC8, and ADAM15), and we found these candidate genes are mainly enriched in negative regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010977).ConclusionsOur work demonstrates shared genetic architecture between ALS and PD, reports new pleiotropic genes, and sheds light on the comorbid mechanism. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Systematic review on gene–sun exposure interactions in skin cancer
Authors: Shraim Rasha , Farran Mohamed Ziad , He George , Marunica Karsaj Jelena , Zgaga Lina , McManus Ross 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene–environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates.MethodsWe searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064).ResultsIn total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis—12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC.ConclusionSun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make‐up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome‐wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
Effectiveness and safety of early postpyloric feeding during therapeutic hypothermia in patients with large hemispheric infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Wenya , Chang Hong , Li Miao , Ji Tong , Fan Kaiting , Fan Linlin , Tian Fei , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhat kind of feeding should be provided during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI) is not clear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective observational study to determine whether providing early postpyloric feeding (PPF) (<24 h after admission) is beneficial or harmful for patients with this condition.MethodsThis study retrospectively screened 78 patients with LHI who were treated with TH from one neurological intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were receiving either early PPF (n = 52) or early parenteral nutrition (PN) (n = 26). Data regarding 30‐day mortality, neurological outcome, nutrition‐related laboratory indicators, ICU hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and complications were collected.ResultsA greater number of patients who received early PPF had favorable neurologic outcome than those who received early PN (57.7% vs 30.7%, P = 0.025). The early PPF group had a lower severity of pulmonary infection than the early PN group, as measured by the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (7.33 ± 0.96 vs 9.42 ± 2.11, P = 0.006). The total protein and hemoglobin levels in the early PPF group were higher than those in the early PN group (59.56 ± 5.09 vs 56.52 ± 7.94 g/L, P = 0.046; 131.06 ± 19.58 vs 122.07 ± 17.72 g/L, P = 0.045). The MV duration and ICU hospitalization time were shorter in the early PPF group (13 [9;21] vs 21 [14;30] days, P = 0.006; 28 [22;36] vs 34 [33;51] days, P = 0.014). There were no significant differences in the incidence of catheter‐related bloodstream infections, 30‐day mortality, or nutrition intolerance between the two groups.ConclusionEarly PPF is an effective and safe enteral nutrition method for patients with LHI receiving TH.
Circadian misalignment increases 24‐hour acylated ghrelin in chronic shift workers: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Qian Jingyi , Morris Christopher J. , Caputo Rosanna , Scheer Frank A. J. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveShift workers typically experience misalignment between their circadian system and behavioral/environmental cycles and have an increased risk for obesity. Experimental studies in non‐shift workers have suggested that circadian misalignment can disrupt energy balance regulation. This study examined the impact of circadian misalignment in the most relevant population, i.e., chronic shift workers.MethodsSeven healthy chronic night shift workers underwent a randomized crossover study with two 3‐day laboratory protocols: a night work protocol including 12‐hour inverted behavioral/environmental cycles (circadian misalignment) and a day work protocol (circadian alignment).ResultsCircadian misalignment led to a ~17% increase in 24‐hour acylated ghrelin levels in the chronic shift workers (p = 0.009). Consistently, circadian misalignment resulted in ~14% higher hunger at breakfast in the night shift (p = 0.04). Circadian misalignment did not significantly change fasting and postprandial energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio (all p > 0.32). Unexpectedly, 24‐hour behavioral activity levels were ~38% higher (p < 0.0001) during circadian misalignment, despite a concurrent increase in sleepiness (p = 0.03).ConclusionsThese results reveal that circadian misalignment, while carefully controlling for dietary intake, increases acylated ghrelin in chronic shift workers. Further studies should test whether the observed acute effects of circadian misalignment in chronic shift workers contribute to their increased obesity risk in the long term.
Automated extraction of weight, height, and obesity in electronic medical records are highly valid
Authors: Sandhu Namneet , Krusina Alexander , Quan Hude , Walker Robin , Martin Elliot A. , Eastwood Cathy A. , Southern Danielle A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveCoding of obesity using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in healthcare administrative databases is under‐reported and thus unreliable for measuring prevalence or incidence. This study aimed to develop and test a rule‐based algorithm for automating the detection and severity of obesity using height and weight collected in several sections of the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 1904 inpatient charts randomly selected in three hospitals in Calgary, Canada between January and June 2015 were reviewed and linked with AllScripts Sunrise Clinical Manager EMRs. A rule‐based algorithm was created which looks for patients' height and weight values recorded in EMRs. Clinical notes were split into sentences and searched for height and weight, and BMI was computed.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 1904 patients with 50.8% females and 43.3% > 64 years of age. The final model to identify obesity within EMRs resulted in a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 98.4%, positive predictive value of 96.7%, negative predictive value of 96.6%, and F1 score of 94.8%.ConclusionsThis study developed a highly valid rule‐based EMR algorithm that detects height and weight. This could allow large‐scale analyses using obesity that were previously not possible.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Central nervous system tumors
Authors: Leary Sarah E. S. , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Fangusaro Jason , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Cohen Kenneth , Smith Amy , Huang Annie , Haas‐Kogan Daphne , Fouladi Maryam ,   the COG Central Nervous System Committee
Published: August 2023

AbstractTumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Molecular characterization in the last decade has redefined CNS tumor diagnoses and risk stratification; confirmed the unique biology of pediatric tumors as distinct entities from tumors that occur in adulthood; and led to the first novel targeted therapies receiving Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for children with CNS tumors. There remain significant challenges to overcome: children with unresectable low‐grade glioma may require multiple prolonged courses of therapy affecting quality of life; children with high‐grade glioma have a dismal long‐term prognosis; children with medulloblastoma may suffer significant short‐ and long‐term morbidity from multimodal cytotoxic therapy, and approaches to improve survival in ependymoma remain elusive. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is uniquely positioned to conduct the next generation of practice‐changing clinical trials through rapid prospective molecular characterization and therapy evaluation in well‐defined clinical and molecular groups.
Development and erosion wear analysis of polypropylene/Linz‐Donawitz sludge composites
Authors: Purohit Abhilash , Gupta Gaurav , Pradhan Priyabrat , Agrawal Alok 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, a steel industry waste Linz–Donawitz (LD) sludge was added in different proportions with a polypropylene (PP) matrix and composite specimens were manufactured using the hand layup method. Experiments were performed to study the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear properties of the PP–LD sludge composites. This investigation also includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x‐ray diffraction analysis of filler and composites. The erosion wear tests were carried out by Taguchi's experimental array design, where the effect of five control factors (impingement angle, filler content, erodent size, impact velocity, and erodent temperature) on erosion rate was analyzed. It was observed that filler content is the most influencing factor affecting were rate of the composites. At the maximum filler content of 20 wt%, the compressive strength and hardness increased to 85.71 MPa and 0.643 GPa, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites marginally decreased by 12.97% with the addition of 20 wt% filler. It was further observed that the flexural strength of the neat polymer decreased from 29.23 to 22.98 MPa with the addition of 20 wt% LD sludge. The SEM pictures of the eroded surface exhibited that the material removal is due to micro cracking and crack propagation.Highlights
In this study, an industrial waste (LD sludge) is successfully used as a potential filler material in the PP matrix.
Physical and mechanical properties of the PP‐LD sludge composites are analyzed.
Effects of different parameters like filler content, impact velocity, impingement angle, erodent size and erodent temperature on the wear behavior are studied.
Scanning electron microscopy is carried out so that a micro‐examination of the surfaces can be performed, as well as an assessment of the wear derbies.
Prenatal assessment of pulmonary vasculature development in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A literature review
Authors: Weller Katinka , Edel Gabriëla G. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. , Rottier Robbert J. , Eggink Alex J. , Peters Nina C. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPathophysiological studies have shown that pulmonary vascular development is impaired in fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), leading to a simplified vascular tree and increased vascular resistance. Multiple studies have described prenatal ultrasound parameters for the assessment of the pulmonary vasculature, but none of these parameters are used in daily clinical practice. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature published between January 1990 and February 2022 describing these parameters, and aim to explain the clinical relevance of these parameters from what is known from pathophysiological studies. Prenatal detection of a smaller diameter of the contralateral (i.e. contralateral to the diaphragmatic defect) first branch of the pulmonary artery (PA), higher pulsatility indices (PI), higher peak early diastolic reverse flow values, and a lower vascularization index seem of added value for the prediction of survival and, to a lesser extent, morbidity. Integration within the routine evaluation is complicated by the lack of uniformity of the methods used. To address the main components of the pathophysiological changes, we recommend future prenatal studies in CDH with a focus on PI values, PA diameters and pulmonary vascular branching.
Predicted viscosity of liquid HMX up to 40 GPa
Authors: Kroonblawd Matthew P. , Bastea Sorin , Springer H. Keo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractViscous flow serves as a significant heating mechanism during the formation of hot spots, but the shear viscosity which determines this response is poorly characterized for most high explosives. Recently, a model was proposed for the shear viscosity of liquid HMX (1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane) that was fit to pressures reaching 5 GPa, but this work uncovered uncertainties in the viscosity at 0 GPa and remains untested at higher pressures. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Green‐Kubo formalism to predict the temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent shear viscosity of HMX over the pressure interval 0 GPa≤P≤40 GPa. Reassessment of the viscosity at 0 GPa rules out several potential explanations for discrepancies between earlier reports; we attribute these differences to details of MD trajectory integration impacting molecular flexibility. The shear viscosity of HMX exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence at each pressure considered, with exponential prefactor and activation energy terms that are also strong functions of pressure. An analytic form for the viscosity is developed based on an extension of the well‐known Andrade equation that simultaneously captures the temperature and pressure dependencies in the MD data up to 40 GPa. Comparison against a recently developed model for the viscosity of liquid RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane) shows that both materials exhibit similar functional dependencies with the viscosity of HMX being higher by roughly an order of magnitude at a given temperature‐pressure state.
Risk assessment of solid desiccant dehydration package system using safety integrity level‐based safety instrumented system design approach
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Lee Tae Hee , Kang Kwangu , Noh Hyonjeong , Kim Hyungwoo , Oh Jaewon , Kim Kyong‐Hwan , Cho Su‐gil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dehydration package system plays an important role in the stable process operation and production of high‐quality liquefied natural gas by removing water, which is essential for natural gas production. However, as this system operates under various conditions with chemicals, there are threats to safety from potential hazards within the system. Therefore, ensuring system safety can significantly impact the reliable operation of process plants. This study aims to assess the risk of the dehydration package system through the safety integrity level (SIL)‐based safety instrumented system (SIS) design approach as suggested in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61,508/61511 standards. Fourteen major hazards requiring recommendations were identified for improving safety through the hazard and operability study (HAZOP). The three major hazards were valve malfunction and gas heater/cooler control failure. Twenty‐one safety instrumented functions (SIFs) in all study nodes were suggested as recommendations to improve safety. Using layers of protection analysis (LOPA), the SIL allocation of the 21 SIFs was performed reasonably with process risks and safeguards. The PDS method was adopted for SIS design and verification, with SIL analysis performed for all the SISs. The results showed that SISs of the dehydration package system satisfied the required SILs.
Quantifying impacts of forest fire on soil carbon in a young, intensively managed tree farm in the western Oregon Cascades
Authors: McCool Katherine D. , Holub Scott M. , Gao Si , Morrissette Brett A. , Blunn Jessica E. , Gallo Adrian C. , Hatten Jeff A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForest soils of the Pacific Northwest contain immense amounts of carbon (C). Increasing acreage burned by severe wildfire in the western Oregon Cascades threatens belowground C stocks. The objective of this research was to quantify the changes in soil C stocks, nitrogen (N) stocks, and relevant chemical and physical parameters after a severe wildfire in a young, intensively managed Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas‐fir) tree farm in the western Oregon Cascades. This longitudinal study was originally established to detect soil C changes after a harvest; therefore, it offers insight into long‐term soil C dynamics after compounding disturbances. Forest floor and 0–30 cm depth soil samples were collected for comparison before and after the fire and were then split into size fractions to assess the fire's effect on different grain sizes and forest floor compositions. Overall, soil C was approximately 40 Mg C ha−1 lower after the fire, equivalent to approximately 30% of soil C stocks. Of these decreases, two‐thirds were in the forest floor and one‐third were in the mineral soil. C stock losses were driven by changes in mass in every composite level. C concentration was unchanged in most levels while N concentration increased in certain levels. Losses extended further belowground than most previously studied soil C decreases from severe wildfire. The effects of wildfire on soil C stocks in industrial tree farms should be further explored to determine long‐term trajectories of soil C and N.
P‐2.25: Research on Virtual Reality Field Based on Multimodal Emotion Recognition
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Wang Jingliang , Wang Lijun , Li Zhengping , li Ying 
Published: August 2023

At present, emotion recognition has become a research hotspot in the field of pattern recognition. Considering the problems of incomplete information and strong interference in single‐modal emotion recognition, multimodal emotion recognition has been widely studied. Multimodal data includes, but is not limited to, emoji, text, and voice modality data. There are various ways to express emotion, among which expression, text and voice are the most direct and reliable emotional information carriers. Therefore, it is of great research and practical significance to comprehensively consider the emotion recognition research of expression, text and voice modalities, and to apply its research results to the field of virtual reality (referred to as VR).This paper analyzes the relevant situation of multimodal emotion recognition, extracts features of voice, text and expression, and then fuses them into multimodal for emotional analysis, and applies it to the VR field. The main work content is as follows: the relevant technologies of multimodal emotion recognition research in the field of VR are introduced, including deep learning related technologies, virtual reality technology, and multimodal fusion methods. In terms of deep learning, the focus is on convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks and their variants. In terms of virtual reality technology, the characteristics and applications of virtual reality are introduced. In terms of multimodal fusion, three commonly used fusion methods are introduced.
Sustainable Synthesis and Characterizationof Corncob‐Derived Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tinh Ninh Thi , Dat Nguyen Minh , Hieu Le Minh , Bao Le Minh , Khoa Nguyen Nhat , Nhan Dang Duc , Hoang Tat Minh , Bao Pham Phi , Huong Quach Thi Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi , Huong Le Minh , Khang Pham Tan , Danh Tong Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, though graphene oxide (GO) has shown promising applications in many fields, there have not been many studies focusing on exploiting the source of synthetic precursors of GO. Herein, GO was synthesized from the cellulose of corncob by corncob alkalization, bleaching cellulose, pyrolysis, and improved Hummer's method. It was found that pyrolysis plays an important role in the graphitization of cellulose precursors with the catalyst Fe(NO3)3 to form Gi‐Fe(NO3)3. The GO material synthesized from Gi‐Fe(NO3)3 was characterized by advanced analytical methods. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of Gi‐Fe(NO3)3 shows the formation of a diffraction peak at the crystal plane (002), which is characteristic of the graphite material. The synthesized GO underwent a series of changes in material structure and morphology, which are confirmed via transmission electron microscopy images showing a plate‐like structure with folds represented by the dark line. This study demonstrates a sustainable approach that directly utilizes abundant biomass resources for the synthesis of GO material.