bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Paper 47: Conflict of interest legislation in Brazil, South Korea and the European Union
Authors: Costa Jacopo 
Published: June 2023

This Working Paper presents international case studies of legal frameworks addressing conflicts of interest and highlights common challenges, opportunities and lessons for practitioners and other interested stakeholders. The report covers three contexts: two national (South Korea, Brazil) and one supranational (the European Union).
The analysis is based on the international standards in the 2020 guide Preventing and Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Public Sector, produced by the World Bank Group, OECD and UNODC at the request of the G20 Anticorruption Working Group.
The Working Paper is published in the context of the USAID Indonesia Integrity Initiative (INTEGRITAS) project, which supports the Government of Indonesia in preventing corruption via enhancing civic engagement and strengthening integrity in the public and private sectors. The case studies and analysis will be of value to anyone interested in drafting, revising or monitoring conflict of interest legislation in any context.
WITTGENSTEIN E OS LIMITES DO SENTIDO
Authors: Gottschalk Cristiane 
Published: June 2023

Resumo: Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a importância da normatividade da linguagem na constituição dos sentidos que atribuímos ao que fazemos, pensamos e agimos, tendo em vista compreender a proliferação acelerada de fake news e identificar modos de preveni-las, em particular, no contexto escolar. Parte-se da hipótese de que algumas práticas pedagógicas, inspiradas em princípios da escola nova, estão fundamentadas em teorias educacionais atreladas a duas imagens que se tornaram alvo de terapia nas Investigações Filosóficas, a saber, a concepção referencial da linguagem e a exatidão conceitual. Argumento que estas imagens, por sua vez, quando aplicadas dogmaticamente nas práticas pedagógicas propiciam a formação de uma intersubjetividade no contexto escolar que torna os indivíduos mais suscetíveis a fake news.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Terapia filosófica, Normatividade, Limites do sentido, Wittgenstein.
ABSTRACT: It is a reflection on the importance of the normativity of language in the constitution of the meanings that we attribute to what we do, think and act, with a view to understanding the accelerated proliferation of fake news and identifying ways to prevent them, in particular, in the context of school. It starts with the hypothesis that some pedagogical practices, inspired by principles of the new school, are based on educational theories linked to two images that became the target of therapy in Philosophical Investigations, namely, the referential conception of language and conceptual exactness. I argue that these images, in turn, when applied dogmatically in pedagogical practices, favor the formation of an intersubjectivity in the school context that makes individuals more susceptible to fake news.
KEYWORDS: Philosophical therapy, Normativity, Limits of meaning, Wittgenstein.
CONTRA A INEFABILIDADE DAS HINGE PROPOSITIONS
Authors: De Souza Xavier Paloma , Da Silva Junior Marcos Antonio 
Published: June 2023

Resumo: O conceito de “proposições-dobradiça” (hinge propositions) possui diversas interpretações que se remetem também ao Tractatus e às Investigações. Moyal-Sharrock (2004), por exemplo, defende que as hinge propositions são inefáveis. Para a intérprete, as hinge certainties não podem ser ditas, pois caso isso ocorresse, o jogo de linguagem se solidificaria. Mas se, de fato, as hinge certainties fossem indizíveis, como poderíamos proceder com casos de desacordo entre certezas fulcrais distintas e rivais? A tese da inefabilidade das hinges parece ser inadequada, visto que inviabiliza o diálogo significativo e possíveis correções em ambientes de conflito entre diferentes hinge. Para tratar dessas questões, a partir de uma leitura neopragmatista, utilizamos o método socrático interpretado a partir da filosofia da linguagem de Robert Brandom (1994, 2013). Desenvolvemos, portanto, este trabalho em duas etapas: i) a etapa negativa, em que mostramos as insuficiências da tese de inefabilidadede Moyal-Sharrock sobre as hinges; ii) a etapa positiva, na qual argumentamos que o método socrático, tal como proposto por Brandom, apresenta um mecanismo possível de resolução do impasse nesses tipos de desacordos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Da Certeza. Wittgenstein. Epistemologia. Brandom. Inefabilidade.
ABSTRACT: The concept of “hinge propositions'' has several interpretations that also refer to the Tractatus and the Investigations. Moyal-Sharrock (2004), for example, argues that hinge propositions are ineffable. For the interpreter, the hinge certainties cannot be said, because if that happened, the language game would solidify. But if, in fact, hinge certainties were ineffable, how could we handle cases of disagreement between distinct and rival hinge certainties? The thesis of the ineffability of hinges seems to be inappropriate, since it prevents meaningful dialogue and possible corrections in situations of conflict between different hinges. To address these issues, from a neopragmatist reading, we use the Socratic Method as interpreted by Robert Brandom (1994, 2013). We developed this contribution in two parts: i) the negative part, in which we show the shortcomings of Moyal-Sharrock's ineffability thesis in respect to hinges; ii) and the positive part, in which we argue that the Socratic method, as proposed by Brandom, presents a possible mechanism for resolving the impasse in this kind of disagreements.
KEYWORDS: On Certainty. Wittgenstein. Epistemology. Brandon. Ineffability.
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RELATIVIDADE E RELATIVISMO NOS USOS DA LINGUAGEM EM WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: Hillesheim Valério 
Published: June 2023

Resumo: A filosofia de Wittgenstein é uma atividade que visa o esclarecimento lógico da linguagem, em sua primeira fase (Tractatus) e uma terapia linguística, em sua segunda fase (Investigações Filosóficas e outras obras). Uma das coisas comuns entre essas duas fases é a tentativa de eliminar o psicologismo. Para melhor compreender essa atitude filosófica é importante estabelecer a diferença entre relatividade e relativismo nos usos da linguagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as principais diferenças entre o significado de relatividade e relativismo nos usos da linguagem em Wittgenstein. Essas diferenças podem ser compreendidas a partir da análise gramatical de diferentes temáticas. No entanto, esse trabalho irá priorizar essa diferenciação a partir da discussão de conceitos epistêmicos, como saber, certeza, dúvida e a gramática implicada nesses usos sob a perspectiva do pano de fundo das formas de vida. O problema principal que se apresenta nesta análise é: como as mesmas proposições podem ser concebidas ora como cumprindo um papel gramatical, portanto, normativo, ora cumprindo um papel empírico, factual? Essa diferenciação é importante, pois ela possibilita evitar os usos confusos e indevidos da linguagem quando ocorre a mistura entre critérios e sintomas, o factual e o metafísico provocando diversos mal-entendidos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relatividade. Relativismo. Normativo. Factual. Usos.
ABSTRACT: Wittgenstein's philosophy is an activity that aims for the logical clarification of language, in its first phase (Tractatus) and a linguistic therapy, in its second phase (Philosophical Investigations and other works). One of the common things between these two phases is the attempt to eliminate the psychologism. To better understand this philosophical attitude it is important to establish the difference between relativity and relativism in the uses of language. The objective of this work is to present the main differences between the meaning of relativity and relativism in the uses of language in Wittgenstein. These differences can be understood from the grammatical analysis of different themes. However, this work will prioritize this differentiation from the discussion of epistemic concepts, such as knowledge, certainty, doubt and the grammar involved in these uses from the perspective of the background of forms of life. The major problem that arises in this analysis is: how can the same propositions be conceived as fulfilling a grammatical, therefore, normative role, and sometimes fulfilling an empirical, factual role? This differentiation is important, as it makes it possible to avoid confusing and improper uses of language when criteria and symptoms, the factual and the metaphysical, are mixed up, causing several misunderstandings.
KEYWORDS: Relativity. Relativism. Normative. Factual. Uses.
WITTGENSTEIN ENTRE O PATO E A LEBRE
Authors: Mulinari e Silva Filicio 
Published: June 2023

resumo: Os comentários a respeito do “problema da visão de aspecto” constituem uma longa trajetória de existência nos comentários à filosofia wittgensteiniana. Todavia, um novo fôlego para a discussão foi obtido após a publicação dos manuscritos sobre a filosofia da psicologia na década de 1980 e 1990. No que diz respeito especificamente à visão de aspecto, a leitura de Stephen Mulhall, feita em seu livro On Being in the World (1990), promove um marco decisivo na retomada de análise da questão. Dito isso, o objetivo aqui é apresentas o problema da visão de aspecto e, sobretudo, realizar uma crítica à leitura de Mulhall sobre o tema, mantendo o foco especialmente em dois pontos: a) na sua proposta de estender a abrangência do conceito de “ver-como” (visão de aspecto) para todo tipo de ver; b) na tentativa de aproximar as investigações de Wittgenstein das propostas heideggerianas sem o devido cuidado de separações conceituais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Wittgenstein; Mulhall; Visão de aspectos; Ver-como.
ABSTRACT: Lectures on the problem of “seeing aspects problem” constitute a long history in comments on Wittgensteinian philosophy. However, a new impetus for the discussion was obtained after the publication of the Wittgenstein’s manuscripts on the philosophy of psychology in the 1980s and 1990s. With regard specifically to the aspect view, the reading of Stephen Mulhall, present in his book On Being in the World (1990), promotes a decisive mark in the resumption of analysis of the issue. Wherefore, the objective here is to present the problem of the seeing aspects and, above all, to carry out a critique of Mulhall's reading on the subject, focusing especially on two points: a) on his proposal to extend the scope of the concept of “ seeing-as” (aspect seeing) for all kinds of seeing; b) in an attempt to bring Wittgenstein's investigations closer to Heidegger's proposals without due care for conceptual separations.
KEYWORDS: Wittgenstein; Mulhall; Seeing aspects; Seeing-as.
PARA ALÉM DA TERAPIA GRAMATICAL
Authors: De França Gurgel Diogo , ZÜRCHER Tiago 
Published: June 2023

resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar o papel da analogia (e dos métodos de comparação) no que entendemos ser uma tarefa propriamente positiva da filosofia desenvolvida por Wittgenstein em sua maturidade. Com o intuito de delinear o que chamamos de “tarefa positiva”, consideraremos algumas alternativas naturalistas à chamada leitura terapêutica – a qual reduz a prática filosófica a um trabalho um tanto negativo de dissolução de abusos e mal-entendidos oriundos de teorizações desorientadas. Nesse momento, procuraremos expor algumas fragilidades das leituras enativistas de Wittgenstein (tanto aquela proposta por Dan Hutto, quanto a proposta por Danièle Moyal-Sharrock), e, ainda, as dificuldades encontradas por outras leituras naturalistas, como aquela estabelecida por Newton Garver. Por fim, buscaremos apresentar, em contraste com essas leituras, uma abordagem da tarefa positiva na filosofia que dê conta de explicar as condições sob as quais conceitos podem ser cunhados tendo em vista a investigação gramatical. A abordagem que propomos tem, na relação entre o uso de analogias para fins filosóficos e as observações sobre a gramática do “ver como”, o seu eixo central.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Wittgenstein. Analogia. Terapia Gramatical.
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to examine the role of analogy (and methods of comparison) in what we understand to be a proper positive task of the philosophy developed by Wittgenstein in his maturity. In order to outline what we call the “positive task”, we will take into consideration some naturalistic alternatives to the so-called therapeutic reading – which reduces philosophical practice to a somewhat negative work of dissolving abuses and misunderstandings arising from misguided theorizations. At this point, we will try to expose some weaknesses of the enactivist readings of Wittgenstein (both the one proposed by Dan Hutto and the one proposed by Danièle Moyal-Sharrock), and also the difficulties encountered by other naturalist readings, such as the one established by Newton Garver. Finally, we will try to present, in contrast to these readings, an approach to the positive task in philosophy that accounts for explaining the conditions under which concepts can be coined having at its sight the grammatical investigation. The approach we propose has, in the relationship between the use of analogies for philosophical purposes and observations on the grammar of “seeing as”, its central axis.
KEYWORDS: Wittgenstein. Analogy. Grammatical Therapy.
The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Newman Anastasia N. L. , Oliveira Ana , Goldstein Roger , Farley Christopher , Nair Parameswaran , Brooks Dina 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable lung disease which affects more than 300 million people worldwide. People with COPD have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, which are linked to physiological alterations in the respiratory system and extrapulmonary manifestations. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is one of the strategies used in the management of individuals with COPD irrespective of severity, however its effect on systemic inflammation is poorly understood. We report the protocol of a systematic review on the effects of PR on systemic inflammation in patients with COPD.

Materials and methods
Using the search terms “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”, “pulmonary rehabilitation”, and “inflammatory biomarkers” and their synonyms, five databases (AMED, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE) will be searched from their inception to identify primary literature evaluating the effects of PR on systemic inflammation. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Eligible studies must be published in a peer-reviewed journal and include: (1) participants with COPD undergoing PR with an exercise component of at least 4 weeks in length and (2) a measure of systemic inflammation (e.g., bloodwork or sputum sample) as an outcome of interest. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools (ROB2 and ROBINS-I) and will rate the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool. This protocol has followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Conclusion
The results of this systematic review will summarize the status of the evidence highlighting the effect of PR on systemic inflammation. A manuscript will be drafted and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and shared at conferences.
Biodecolorization of azo dye Acid Blue 92 (AB92) by Ceratophyllum de-mersum L.: process optimization using Taguchi method and toxicity as-sessment
Authors: EFTEKHARI Zahra , NORASTEHNIA Akbar , MASOUDIAN Zahra 
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated the ability of the submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum to remove the Acid Blue 92 (AB92) dye. The effect of some operational parameters such as the reaction time, initial dye concentration, initial plant biomass, and pH, on dye removal efficiency was studied. Based on Taguchi’s results, the optimized conditions for dye removal were time 7 days, dye concentration 20 mg l-1, initial plant biomass 4 g, and initial pH 5. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the interaction between dye molecules and plants. Based on the results of this study, C. demersum had a reusability to remove the dye, this fact confirming the mechanism of biodegradation in the dye removal process. Also, the effect of AB92 on the physiological responses of C. demersum was investigated. Minimum relative growth rate, tolerance index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids at a concentration of 20 mg l-1 of AB92 were observed. The concentration of cyanidin glycoside, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity increased in both concentrations of 10 and 20 mg l-1. It can be concluded that both concentrations of AB92 induced antioxidant activity and the risk of oxidative stress for Ceratophyllum.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 9 grudnia 2022 r., sygn. akt I OSK 555/201
Authors: Kosicki Tomasz 
Published: June 2023

The gloss is devoted to the problem of the admissibility of validating the maintenance debtor’s behavior in the proceedings to recognize him as evading maintenance obligations in the light of the provisions of the Act of 7 September 2007 on assistance to persons entitled to maintenance. It also deals with the essence of the proceedings regarding the annulment of the decision. Although the court of first instance did not allow such a possibility, the analysis carried out in the paper shows that there are legal grounds for this. The paper concludes that if, after the explanatory proceedings are completed, but before the decision is issued, the maintenance debtor reconsiders and consents to a maintenance interview with him and for a declaration of assets to be taken from him, the public administration body should take these circumstances into account when making a decision. There was criticism of the thesis that allowing for the validation of behavior contradicts the purpose of the introduced solutions aimed at mobilizing debtors to fulfill their obligations towards those entitled to maintenance. It is pointed out that such an approach from the authorities may have further undesirable consequences, as the effect of issuing a decision on the above-mentioned subject is to initiate separate proceedings regarding the suspension of a driving license. The study also analyzes the way in which the premises for initiating the above proceedings are understood, proposing a different understanding of them. It was concluded that the positive and negative premises for initiating proceedings should be understood by the authority in a functional manner. The position of the Supreme Administrative Court was deemed correct, namely that in nullity proceedings the assessment made by the authority concerns only the examination of whether the decision being contested is affected by one of the defects specified in the Code of Administrative Procedure.
Das BiblioWeekend – Eine nationale Kampagne für Bibliotheken in der Schweiz
Authors: Baetcke Franziska , Ehrlicher Heike 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
2022 fand in der Schweiz erstmals das BiblioWeekend statt; ein Wochenende der offenen Bibliotheken. Treibende Kraft der jährlich wiederkehrenden Kampagne ist der noch junge Bibliotheksverband Bibliosuisse, der mit dem „BiblioWeekend“ ein öffentlichkeitswirksames Zeichen setzt. Der Artikel beleuchtet zunächst die Ausgangslage und Besonderheiten einer Bibliothekslandschaft, die von der Dreisprachigkeit des Landes geprägt ist. Aufgezeigt werden dann der Organisationsaufbau und die Mitgliederpartizipation als wesentliche Leitlinie im Kampagnenprozess. Die Autorinnen berichten über die Durchführung der Premiere im März 2022 und setzen sich anschließend mit den lessons learned auseinander. Aufgegriffen wird auch die Frage nach dem Mehrwert der Kampagne für den Bibliotheksverband. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf die Zukunft des BiblioWeekends.
Magán egészségügyi szolgáltatók márkaneveinek megítélése asszociációs vizsgálat segítségével
Authors: Katona Norbert , Tessényi Judit 
Published: June 2023

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A márkanevek a márkaidentitás egyik elemeként a márka reprezentációját szolgálják. A tanulmány célkitűzése, hogy egy előzetesen, szakemberek körében végzett kutatás eredményeire alapozva, olyan egészségügyi szolgáltatói márkanév elemeket azonosítson hazai környezetben, amelyek alkalmasak arra, hogy egészségügyi szolgáltatások igénybevevői értelmezni és azonosítani tudják az adott szolgáltató fő értékeit, így a márkanév be tudja tölteni a márkát és a márkaüzenetet hordozó funkcióját.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A márkanevek üzletileg is értékes vizsgálati területe jelenleg még gyerekcipőben jár, így primer kutatásunkat saját szerkesztésű kérdőívvel, szabadon kiválasztott 201 fős mintával végeztük. Kutatásunk során kvalitatív, szabadszavas szóasszociáción alapuló vizsgálatot folytattunk online adatgyűjtéssel, 18 év feletti válaszadók körében. Először szakértők által korábban már tesztelt 25, majd ezt szűkítve 11, jellegzetes márkanév-profilú budapesti magánegészségügyi szolgáltató márkanév-asszociációit dolgoztuk fel.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A tanulmányozott magánklinikák esetében az ismertség még kevésbé markáns, így az intézmények által közvetített márkakép is további erősítést igényel, miközben kifejezett fogyasztói érdeklődés tapasztalható az egészségügyi szolgáltatások iránt, sőt a fővárosi válaszadók körében szignifikánsan magasabb az egészségi intézményét önállóan kiválasztók aránya (p < 0,05). A válaszadók a „szakembergárdát” és a „megbízhatóságot” emelték ki fontos döntési kritériumként, a „márkanév” megítélése a “frekventált elhelyezkedés” és az “ismertség” dimenziókkal mutatott azonos szintű fontosságot. Lényeges eredmény, hogy a tejes minta általános márkanév reprezentációja jelentősen eltérhetnek az intézményt ismerőkétől, amely többdimenziós márkapercepciós-aszimmetria jelenlétére utalhat.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Az aszimmetria feltárása hasznos eszköz lehet egyrészt a már meglévő páciensekkel kapcsolatos lojalitásépítő márkatalálkozási pontok menedzselése, másrészt pedig a potenciális fogyasztók megcélzására és befolyásolására törekvő márkaelemépítési tevékenységek megalapozása érdekében. A márkanevek alkotása során javasolt lehet az érzelmi kapcsolódásnak is teret adó márkanevek mellett a humor és a szokatlanabb asszociációk használatát is tesztelni az egészségügyi intézmények márkanevei kapcsán.
Regulation of LRRK2 mRNA stability by ATIC and its substrate AICAR through ARE‐mediated mRNA decay in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Qinfang , Zhu Dong , Li Naren , Chen Shifan , Hu Liang , Yu Jianzhong , Xiong Yulan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutations in LRRK2 are the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the enzymatic activity of LRRK2 has been linked to PD, previous work has also provided support for an important role of elevated LRRK2 protein levels, independent of enzymatic activity, in PD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of LRRK2 protein levels remain unclear. Here, we identify a role for the purine biosynthesis pathway enzyme ATIC in the regulation of LRRK2 levels and toxicity. AICAr, the precursor of ATIC substrate, regulates LRRK2 levels in a cell‐type‐specific manner in vitro and in mouse tissue. AICAr regulates LRRK2 levels through AUF1‐mediated mRNA decay. Upon AICAr treatment, the RNA binding protein AUF1 is recruited to the AU‐rich elements (ARE) of LRRK2 mRNA leading to the recruitment of the decapping enzyme complex DCP1/2 and decay of LRRK2 mRNA. AICAr suppresses LRRK2 expression and rescues LRRK2‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in PD Drosophila and mouse models. Together, this study provides insight into a novel regulatory mechanism of LRRK2 protein levels and function via LRRK2 mRNA decay that is distinct from LRRK2 enzymatic functions.