bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Altitude on Thyroid Disorders according to Chinese Three-Rung, Ladder-like Topography：National Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Gong Boshen , Wang Youmin , Zhang Jin-an , Zhang Qiao , Zhao Jiajun , Li Jiashu , Wang Xichang , Han Yutong , Yu Ziwei , Zhang Chenyu , Peng Bingcong , Xing Yumin , Li Qiuxian , Wang Ping , Li Yongze , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Chinese topography appears a three-rung ladder-like distribution of decreasing elevation from northwest to southeast, which is divided by two sloping edges. To explore the association between three-rung ladder-like regions and thyroid disorders according to unique Chinese topographic features, we conducted an epidemiological cross-sectional study from 2015–2017 that covered all 31 mainland Chinese provinces.
Methods: A total of 78,470 participants aged ≥18 years from a nationally representative cross-sectional study were included. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels; urine iodine concentration; and thyroid volume were measured. The three-rung ladder-like distribution of decreasing elevation from northwest to southeast in China was categorized into three topographic groups according to elevation: first ladder, >3000 m above sea level; second ladder, descending from 3000 - 500 m; and third ladder, descending from 500 m to sea level. The third ladder was further divided into groups A (500-100 m) and B (<100 m). Associations between geographic factors and thyroid disorders were assessed using linear and binary logistic regression analyses.
Results: Participants in the first ladder group were associated with lower thyroid peroxidase (β=-4.69; P=0.00) , thyroglobulin antibody levels (β=-11.08; P=0.01), and the largest thyroid volume (β=1.74; P=0.00), compared with the other groups. The second ladder group was associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (odds ratio=1.30, 95% confidence interval [1.18-1.43]) and subclinical hypothyroidism (odds ratio=0.61, 95%confidence interval [0.57-0.66]) (P<0.05) compared with the first ladder group. Group A (third ladder) (500-100 m) was associated with thyroid nodules and subclinical hypothyroidism (P<0.05). Furthermore, group B (<100 m) was positively associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody positivity, and negatively associated with overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter compared with the first ladder group(P<0.05).
Conclusion: We are the first to investigate the association between different ladder regions and thyroid disorders according to unique Chinese topographic features. The prevalence of thyroid disorders varied among the three-rung ladder-like topography groups in China, with the exception of overt hyperthyroidism.
Kinetic regularities of Lewis Acid-catalysed glycolysis of polycarbonate
Authors: Kurneshova Tatyana A. , Dzhabarov Georgy V. , Sapunov Valentin N. , Kozlovskiy Roman A. , Voronov Mikhail S. , Varlamova Elena V. , Sergeenkova Mariya P. , Shafiev Daniil N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research focuses to studying on the process of glycolysis of polycarbonate (PC) catalyzed by zinc chloride. The degradation of polyester into monomers (bisphenol A, or BPA, and ethylene carbonate, or EC), which may then interact with one another to generate the matching ethers, was discovered to be the process. As a result, the optimal conditions for the depolymerization of PC to obtain bisphenol A and ethylene carbonate with the highest yield were therefore identified as 180 °C, a molar ratio of 11 between EG and PC, and a mass concentration of 0.12% ZnCl2. A scheme of PC glycolysis has been proposed, and a mathematical model adequately describing the experimental data has been developed.
The Drug Efficacy Testing in Ex Vivo 3D Cultures (DETECt) platform enables rapid identification of effective drugs and drug combinations for ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Seashore-Ludlow Brinton , Åkerlund Emma , Gudoityte Greta , Moussaud-Lamodière Elisabeth , Lind Olina , Bwanika Henri Colyn , Lehti Kaisa , Saheli Sahar , Carlson Joseph , Wallin Emelie , Fernebro Josefin , Ostling Paivi , Kallioniemi Olli , Joneborg Ulrika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Most patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OC) relapse and progress despite systemic therapy, pointing to the need for improved and tailored therapy options. Functional precision medicine can help to identify effective therapies for individual patients in a clinically relevant timeframe. Here, we present a scalable functional precision medicine platform: DETECt (Drug Efficacy Testing in Ex vivo 3D Cultures), where the responses of primary patient cells to drugs and drug combinations are tested with live-cell imaging. We demonstrate the delivery of individual drug sensitivity profiles in 20 samples from 16 patients with ovarian cancer in both 2D and 3D culture formats, achieving over 90% success rate in providing actionable data six days after operation. All patients in this cohort received carboplatin as treatment and the ex vivo carboplatin drug response scores were significantly different between patients with a complete clinical response and those with a partial response or progression (p<0.05). In addition, carboplatin ex vivo response also predicted progression free interval (PFI) of patients (p<0.05). We find that the 3D culture format better retains proliferation and characteristics of the in vivo setting. Using the DETECt platform we evaluate 27 tailored combinations with results ready 10 days after operation. Notably, carboplatin and A-1331852 (Bcl-xL inhibitor) showed an additive effect in four of eight OC samples tested. Interestingly, afatinib treatment led to an increase of BIM and Bcl-xL expression in OC cells, which could be reversed by Bcl-xL inhibition, leading to increased cell death and synergy in 5/7 OC models. In conclusion, our 3D DETECt platform can rapidly define potential, clinically relevant data on efficacy of existing drugs in OC for precision medicine purposes, as well as provide insights on emerging drugs and drug combinations that warrant testing in clinical trials.
Free triiodothyronine serves as a potential predictor of long-term heart failure following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Senyang , Qian Yan , Shen Jiarui , Zhang Jiajia , Gong Kaizheng , Zhao Pei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background To investigate the potential role of free triiodothyronine (FT3) for predicting long-term heart failure (HF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 269 patients admitted to our hospital with AMI were assessed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018 and followed up for a median of 39 months. Patients were categorized into HF group or non-HF group according to the occurrence of HF after AMI. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with long-term HF. According to the median level of FT3, the patients were segregated into two groups: the low-level group (FT3 ≤ 4.63pmol/L) and the high-level group (FT3 ≥ 4.64pmol/L) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the HF-free survival between the two groups. Receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive accuracy of FT3 on long-term HF among patients with AMI.Results Compared to those in non-HF group, patients in HF group were significantly older, had higher levels of creatinine and D-Dimer, but lower levels of hemoglobin and FT3, lower LVEF and a lower proportion of PCI treatment (p < 0.05 for all). Multivariable Cox regression analysis suggested that age (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10; p < 0.001), FT3 (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.96; p = 0.028), LVEF (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97; p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for long-term HF after AMI. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly decreased HF-free survival among patients with lower FT3 level (log-rank p < 0.01). The ROC analysis revealed FT3 had good performance in prediction long-term HF after AMI (AUC = 0.736, 95% CI 0.676–0.797; p < 0.01).Conclusions Lower level of FT3 is not only an independent risk factor for long-term HF after AMI, but also predicts a higher risk of long-term HF following AMI. Our findings are intriguing for long-term medical management of patients with AMI.
Widespread habitat loss and redistribution of marine top predators in a changing ocean
Authors: Braun Camrin , Lezama-Ochoa Nerea , Farchadi Nima , Arostegui Martin , Alexander Michael , Allyn Andrew , Bograd Steven , Brodie Stephanie , Crear Dan , Curtis Tobey , Hazen Elliott , Kerney Alex , Mills Katherine , Pugh Dylan , Scott James , Morse Riley Young , Lewison Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico are among the fastest warming marine ecosystems, a trend that is expected to continue through this century with concomitant changes to large-scale currents and far-reaching implications for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. Here we examine the distribution of 12 highly migratory top predator species using predictive models and project expected habitat changes to 2100 using three downscaled climate model outputs. Our models predict widespread losses of suitable habitat for most species, concurrent with substantial northward displacement of core habitats that exceed 500 km. These changes include up to a >70% loss of suitable habitat by area for some commercially- and ecologically-important species. We also identify predicted hotspots of multi-species habitat loss focused offshore of the U.S. Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coasts. For several species, the predicted changes are already underway, which are likely to have significant impacts on the efficacy of static regulatory frameworks and instruments used to manage highly migratory species. The ongoing and projected effects of climate change highlight the urgent need to adaptively and proactively manage dynamic marine ecosystems.
Event Cache: An Independent Component in Working Memory
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wu Jinglan , Li Jiaofeng , Pan Zhihe , Lu Jinying , Shen Mowei , Wang Teng-Fei , Hu Yuzheng , Gao Zaifeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Working memory (WM) has been a major focus of cognitive science and neuroscience for the past 50 years. While most WM research has centered on the mechanisms of objects, there has been a lack of investigation into the cognitive and neural mechanisms of events, which are the building blocks of our experience. Employing confirmatory factor analysis and resting-state and task fMRI, our study demonstrated for the first time that events have an independent storage space within WM, known as the event cache, with distinct neural correlates compared to object storage in WM. The cerebellar network was found to be the most essential network for event cache, with the left cerebellum Crus I being particularly involved in encoding and maintaining events. Our findings shed critical light on the neuropsychological mechanism of WM by revealing event cache as an independent sub-component of WM and encourage the reconsideration of theoretical models for WM.
Mid-infrared Raman Amplification in Silicon Core Fiber
Authors: Huang Meng , Sun Shiyu , Saini Than , Fu Qiang , Xu Lin , Wu Dong , REN HAONAN , Shen Li , Hawkins Thomas , Ballato John , Peacock Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Raman scattering provides a convenient mechanism to generate or amplify light at wavelengths where gain is not otherwise available. When combined with recent advancements in high power fiber lasers that operate at wavelengths ~2 μm, great opportunities exist for Raman systems that extend operation further into the mid-infrared (IR) regime for applications such as gas sensing, spectroscopy, and biomedical analyses. Here, a thulium-doped fiber laser is used to demonstrate Raman emission and amplification from a highly nonlinear silicon core fiber (SCF) platform at wavelengths beyond 2 μm . The SCF has been tapered to obtain a micrometer sized core diameter (~1.6 μm) over a length of 6 cm, with losses as low as 0.2 dB/cm. A maximum on-off peak gain of 30.4 dB was obtained with a modest average pump power of 12.4 mW, with simulations indicating that the gain could be increased to up to ~50 dB by extending the SCF length. Simulations also show that by exploiting the large Raman gain and extended mid-infrared transparency of the SCF, cascaded Raman processes could yield tunable systems with practical output powers across the 2-5 μm range.
L-arginine, matters for skin health of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Liang Weixing , Deng Hongjin , Zhang Jiacheng , Chen Guanlin , Dong Xiaohui , Zhang Shuang , Tan Beiping , Chi Shuyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An 8 weeks feeding trial was conducted in leopard coral grouper to observe the effects of dietary arginine (Arg) level on growth and skin health about development, pigmentation, antioxidant ability, immune capacity. Fish were feed five iso-lipidic and iso-proteic diets containing the Arg 2.4%, 2.9%, 3.4%, 3.9%, 4.4%, respectively. Results shown that the optimal dietary Arg value for best growth of leopard coral grouper was 3.72% of dry matter (corresponding to 6.73% of dietary protein) based on weight gain rate. The epidermis thickness of back skin and abdomen skin in Arg3.4, Arg3.9 and Arg4.4 groups was significantly higher than Arg2.4 and Arg2.9 groups. The SOD, carotene and astaxanthin in Arg4.4 group were significantly higher than Arg2.4 and 2.9 groups. Key genes in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, glutathione synthesis and ceramide synthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in Arg3.4 than Arg2.4 group, the synthesis genes of immune factors were significantly upregulated in Arg3.4 than Arg2.4 group. Suitable dietary Arg level can promote the morphological development, improve the antioxidant ability, enhance the immune capacity and reduce the consumption of pigment of skin. The results supported that Arg is an effective skin health enhancer for leopard coral grouper.
Trophic structure and a temporal shift in trophic diversity of mobile consumers in a subarctic estuary
Authors: George Jillian Rae St. , Petersen Stephen D. , Roth James D. , Ferguson Steven H. , Yurkowski David J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Quantifying trophic relationships within and between species in terms of trophic position, ontogeny, and trophic diversity provides information on community-level structure and function. Little attention has been focused on examining the trophic structure and temporal changes of communities in freshwater-marine coupled systems in the subarctic and associated impacts of anthropogenic activity on trophic interactions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the trophic position of mobile consumers within the lower Churchill River area (Churchill, Manitoba, Canada), examine trophic position variation in relation to ontogeny, and measure the trophic diversity of a fish assemblage before (1993–1995) and after (2019–2020) the installation of the Churchill River weir in the late 1990s. We used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to quantify individual and population-level variation in trophic position of thirteen fish species and two seal species and also assessed six community-level metrics of a three fish species assemblage between time periods. Overall, species that mainly foraged on freshwater resources occupied lower trophic positions than species that mainly consumed marine resources. Trophic position increased with fish age only in cisco, fourhorn sculpin, Greenland cod, and northern pike. A temporal shift from a trophically diverse to a more trophically redundant fish assemblage occurred between 1993–1995 and 2019–2020. As a result, these predator species now play similar trophic roles. Information on the trophic structure of this sub-Arctic estuarine system over two time periods may help with understanding how anthropogenic activity may have influenced the trophic diversity of a fish assemblage inhabiting this system.
The impact of urbanization on the place of death of older adults in China from an interprovincial perspective
Authors: Yuan Miaoyu , Tu Li , Cheng Lin , Xiang Nan , Hu Ankang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The place of death is an important measure of death quality. This study aimed to analyse the distribution and changes in the place of death of elderly individuals in China from an interprovincial perspective and its intrinsic association with rapid urbanization.Methods A hierarchical logistic model was constructed to carry out the analysis, using a combination of micro data from the China Health Influence Tracking Survey on the Elderly (CLHLS) 2011, 2014, and 2018 death samples and macro data at the provincial level from the China Statistical Yearbook.Results From 2011–2018, 95.04% of older Chinese adults died at home in rural areas, while 81.53% in urban areas. The overall hospital dying ratio of older adults first increased and then decreased, with the hospital dying ratio of urban older adults showing a significant downwards trend and rural older adults showing a slow upwards trend. The higher the number of medical beds per 10,000 people, the more likely the urban elderly are to die in hospitals. The higher the number of community general practitioners per 10,000 people, the more likely the urban elderly are to die at home. Older adults who were bedridden before death were more likely to die in a hospital, it was negatively moderated by the number of physician assistants per 10,000 population. Older adults with lower income were more likely to die at home, it was negatively moderated by the number of community health posts per 10,000 people.Conclusions Chinese older adults mainly die at home, especially in rural areas. The place of death of the urban elderly has become "deinstitutionalized", while rural elderly individuals are still in the stage of transition from home to the hospital. In urban China, the positive effect of regional medical care level on hospital dying and the positive effect of community medical resources on home dying occur simultaneously. Improvements at the regional medical level can increase the accessibility of medical services for older adults with certain mobility abilities and increase their probability of dying in the hospital. The abundance of community medical resources can alleviate the inequality of medical care utilization caused by the income disparity of elderly individuals.
Optimization Analysis of Construction Parameters of Step Method and CD Method for Super Large Section Tunnel Crossing Water Rich Fault Fracture Zone
Authors: Zhu ting , Liu Yuanming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When the Extra large section tunnel crosses the water-rich fault fracture zone, due to the poor stability of the surrounding rock itself and the disturbance generated by the construction, it is easy to cause instability of the surrounding rock, which can lead to collapse and other disasters. When the tunnel construction, often out of the construction method selection difficulties and tight schedule, in order to shorten the construction period and save costs, the tunnel through the fractured section of the surrounding rock often choose the step method, CD method construction, therefore, the optimization of the construction parameters of the step method is of great significance. This paper relies on the actual project, through the method of numerical simulation, the palm face extrusion displacement and 30m from the target section after the plastic zone of the surrounding rock, the initial support force as indicators. To analyze and simulate the changes of tunnel vault settlement, surrounding rock stress changes and initial support axial force, bending moment and safety coefficient in the excavation of different step heights in the construction of three-step method and CD method. Therefore, the factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock and the optimal construction step height are obtained. According to the simulation results, with the increase of the upper step height, the vault settlement and peripheral convergence increase, the initial support safety factor becomes smaller, and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock at 30m from the target surface becomes larger, and the optimal working condition for the construction of the three-step method is working condition two (the upper, middle and lower step heights are 0.45H, 0.35 and 0.2H respectively), and the optimal working condition for the construction of the CD method is working condition seven [the left (right) upper and left ( (right) upper step height is 0.5H, 0.5H respectively)].
The Association between Plant-Based Dietary Index and Odds of Diabetic Nephropathy in Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jebraeili Haniyeh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Abaj Faezeh , Mohsenian Saman , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent research has suggested that adherence to plant-based dietary index (PDI) may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and related complications like DN. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of PDI with the odds of DN. We enrolled 105 eligible women with DN and 105 controls (30–65 years) who were referred to the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. A 147-iteme food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate an overall PDI, healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were assessed for all patients using the pre-defined protocols. According to our final analyze, after controlling for potential confounders, participants with greater adherence to overall PDI (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15–0.56; P < 0.001) and hPDI (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15–0.56; P < 0.001) had 71% and 70% lower odds of DN compared to those with a low adherence. Conversely, subjects with a higher adherence to the uPDI were positively associated with increased odds of DN (OR = 5.00; 95% CI = 2.78–8.98; P < 0.001) and (OR = 4.27; 95% CI = 2.24–8.14; P < 0.001) in the crude and adjusted models, respectively. The result of this study showed that greater adherence to overall PDI and hPDI was inversely associated with the odds of DN. However, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results. Plant-based diet; Diabetic nephropathy; Diabetes; case-control