bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic interaction in Cantonese-English bilingual children’s speech production
Authors: Lee Jonathan Him Nok , Lai Regine Yee King , Matthews Stephen , Yip Virginia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This corpus-based study investigates intonation patterns in the production of Cantonese by Cantonese-English
bilingual children. We examine the intonation patterns in eight simultaneous bilingual children acquiring a tonal (Cantonese) and
an intonational language (English) from 2;0 to 3;0. Two intonation patterns are observed in all the bilingual children studied:
high pitch followed by a fall (including H_H*L% and H_L*L%) and low pitch followed by a rise (including L_H*H% and L_L*H%), in
which English-like intonation is applied to Cantonese and code-mixed utterances. They illustrate cross-linguistic influence in
prosody from English in the bilingual children’s early phonological development. Language dominance, use of sentence-final
particles, and the children’s grammatical complexity are found to be significant predictors for the production of bilingual
intonation. First, the more dominant the child is in Cantonese, the less bilingual intonation is produced in Cantonese and
code-mixed utterances. Second, bilingual intonation is significantly more likely to be produced in utterances with sentence-final
particles than without. Third, the greater the child’s grammatical complexity, the lower the predicted probability of producing
bilingual intonation.
Crosslinguistic paths of pragmatic development
Authors: Beeching Kate , Crible Ludivine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Diachronic studies of discourse markers suggest they follow a unidirectional developmental path, from
propositional to textual and expressive uses. The present study tests whether children acquire the propositional (literal) before
the expressive (pragmatic) functions of two adversative discourse markers in French and English, which have similar core meanings
and pragmatic functions. Our results partially confirm the propositional-first hypothesis but semantics and pragmatics appear to
work together, rather than first one then the other, at least in this case, and this runs counter to both diachronic theories and
usage-based accounts of L1 acquisition. 88 occurrences of en fait and 174 of actually were
extracted from the CHILDES database, and coded for two functions (adversative and elaborative) and three domains (propositional,
textual, expressive). The results suggest that the pragmatic functions of actually are used by children as young
as two years old, but the same is not true of en fait, which is almost exclusively propositional in the early
years. By contrast, before age 5, French children start to use en fait for textual and elaborative functions to a
greater extent than actually. The role of syntactic position and parental input are discussed.
Dynamics of charged particles around weakly magnetized loop quantum gravity black hole
Authors: Majeed Bushra , Rahim Rehana , Rayimbaev Javlon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, we have studied the dynamics of electrically and magnetically charged particles in the spacetime of loop quantum gravity-corrected Schwarzschild black hole (LQGBH). We consider the loop quantum gravity (LQG) immersed in an external asymptotically uniform magnetic field. The effects of LQG spacetime on dynamics of the particles is studied. We have discussed the circular orbits of the particles about the central object and studied the dependence of the inner stable circular orbits (ISCOs) on the magnetic coupling parameter and the black hole parameters. The synchrotron radiations coming out of the charged particle (accelerated by electromagnetic forces Coulomb and Lorentz) in the surrounding of the magnetized LQGBH is analysed. We have also studied the effects of LQG parameters on the specific angular momentum, energy and ISCOs. We calculated the minimum energy and angular momentum of the magnetized particles required to move in the ISCO. We did this analysis by first calculating the magnetic coupling parameter of the LQGBH spacetime. We have also investigated the collision of neutral, electrically and magnetically charged particles and their centre of mass energy. It is observed that magnetic field around black hole increases the particle acceleration around LQGBH.
A laboratory-scale greenhouse for spectroscopic monitoring of plants and associated gas-phase isotopic fractionation
Authors: Greer Samuel M , Robel Istvan , Beveridge Andrew C , Anderson Aaron S , Martinez Ronald K , Currier Robert P , Perkins George B , Thalmann Leslie , Nowak-Lovato Kristy L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ability to monitor isotopic fractionation in terrestrial ecosystems is a challenge due to the presence of interacting variables. A laboratory-scale apparatus for controlled experiments could serve as a useful platform to deconvolute the variables that affect isotopic fractionation. Such a device could offer a powerful means to understand fractionation of carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and to probe the effects of photosynthesis or interactions between the soil and plants on carbon fractionation. To this end, an enclosed and artificially-lit benchtop soil and plant chamber was constructed and equipped to monitor atmospheric isotopic composition. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed for isotopic sensing since it enables in-situ measurements. The validity of FTIR for isotopic ratio determination was confirmed by comparing FTIR and isotope ratio mass spectrometry data for a series of CO2 gas samples with known quantities of 13C and 12C. The greenhouse chamber was also equipped with an optically-based trace gas analyzer capable of continuously tracking CO2, CH4, and H2O concentrations and a residual gas analyzer mass spectrometer. Reflectance spectroscopy was also incorporated by way of sealed fiber optic feed-throughs coupled to a spectro-radiometer, for quantifying changes in leaf spectra induced by various environmental stressors. The resulting greenhouse chamber can be a useful tool for determining the effects of atmospheric trace gases on plant morphology and physiology as a function of concentration and isotopic composition. Microecosystems can be examined under controlled laboratory conditions and a wide variety of plant species can be accommodated. The bench-scale greenhouse should prove useful in assessing the impact of environmental variables and in guiding the design of field experiments.
Multi-image hybrid super-resolution reconstruction via interpolation and multi-scale residual networks
Authors: Wu Qiang , Zeng Hongfei , Zhang Jin , Xia Haojie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High spatial resolution is necessary for several applications such as visual inspection, and can be achieved using high-resolution (HR) image sensors or through image super-resolution (SR) algorithms. Currently, SR algorithms are applied to either single low-resolution (LR) images or multiple LR image sequences. In this paper, we propose a hybrid super-resolution (HYSR) framework to generate HR images by combining multi-image super-resolution (MISR) and single-image super-resolution (SISR) to obtain high spatial resolution images. This method comprehensively utilizes sub-pixel-level high-frequency detail information between multiple images and co-occurrence prior of a single image to reconstruct SR images with a larger scale factor than the existing methods. Generally, the HYSR reconstruction results have more satisfactory details and visual quality than the SISR or MISR reconstruction results. A large number of qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the HYSR method over traditional MISR and SISR methods.
Degradation trend feature generation improved rotating machines RUL prognosis method with limited run-to-failure data
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Yantao , Zou Yisheng , Ding Kun , Liu Yongzhi , Zheng Qing , Ding Guofu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The success of rotating machines’ data-driven remaining useful life (RUL) prognosis approaches depends heavily on the abundance of entire life cycle data. However, it is not easy to obtain sufficient run-to-failure data in industrial practice. Data generation technology is a promising solution for enriching data but fails to address the intrinsic complexity of nonlinear stage degradation and the time correlation of long-term data. This research proposes an RUL prognosis approach improved by the degradation trend feature generation variational autoencoder. First, this study develops a framework combining degradation trend generation features to resolve the issue of capturing the elements of time distribution for run-to-failure data. Second, a generation variational autoencoder network with a tendency block is proposed to create high-quality time series data correlation features. Third, original and created degradation trend features are subjected to deep adaptive fusion and health indicator extraction. A bi-directional long short-term memory network is employed to predict the degradation trend and obtain the RUL prognosis. Finally, the proposed approach’s feasibility is confirmed by cross-validation experiments on a bearing dataset, which reduces the prediction error by 22.309%.
Impact attenuation capabilities of new and used football helmets
Authors: Breedlove Evan L , Breedlove Katherine Morigaki , Bowman Thomas G , Lininger Monica R , Nauman Eric A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Football helmets are expected to break down with use, and reconditioning recommendations are required to be stated by manufacturers. However, the degree of change in helmet impact mitigation performance as a function of usage is not generally known. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the ability of football helmets to attenuate impacts after a single season of regular collegiate use to unused helmets. Three never-used Riddell® Speed™ helmets were tested and compared to three used helmets which had been used during one season of Division 1 collegiate football. Helmets were tested at three velocities (3.46, 4.88, and 5.46 m s−1) on six locations in ambient temperature, simulating National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment certification drop tests. The interaction between helmet age and location during all three velocities (P

⩽

0.0001), indicating that there were differences in Gadd severity index (GSI) between new and used helmets after accounting for location-specific differences. Similar analysis for peak linear acceleration (PLA) found significant interactions for all three velocities (P

⩽

0.003). Additional analyses found differences in velocity-dependence for several impact locations. In most cases, used helmets yielded lower GSI and PLA relative to new helmets. The reduction in impact metrics for used helmets indicates initial break-in with impact mitigation benefits, but the long-term consequences of continued use are unclear. The implications of these differences on injury risk and susceptibility remain unknown; however, the results suggest that further studies could inform helmet reconditioning guidelines and development of new smart materials designed to monitor and/or prevent breakdown in padding.
Full waveform inversion as training a neural network
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Chen Zheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) is usually solved as a nonlinear least-squares problem to minimize the discrepancy between the recorded signal and the synthetic data by some gradient-based optimization methods. In this paper, we investigate acoustic FWI as training a neural network. We recast the time-domain difference scheme into a forward propagation process of vanilla recurrent neural network (RNN) and then find that the parameters of RNN coincide with the physical parameters in the wave equation. As a result, the FWI problem is resolved as training such a kind of neural network. Some stochastic optimization methods such as the Adam optimizer are applied to update the model parameters. We demonstrate our method numerically with three typical models including the benchmark Marmousi model. The numerical results show that the fast convergence and good velocity inversion result can be achieved.
Hole transport through an isotype amorphous-crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 heterojunction under forward bias
Authors: Nagendra Arun , Trombley Jeremy B , Chan Erwin H W 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The transport of holes through a representative isotype amorphous-crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 heterojunction under forward bias is explored for the first time. An approximate analytic model, based on the exact solution to Poisson’s equation, the Continuity equation, and the Transport equation, is proposed to describe the forward current-voltage characteristic and hole quasi-Fermi level distribution across the heterojunction with a reduced set of material and device parameters. The proposed model incorporates thermionic emission across the heterojunction interface as well as drift and diffusion across the quasi-neutral regions of the heterojunction layers, but neglects drift and diffusion across the space-charge regions of the heterojunction layers, as well as recombination. Solar cell capacitance simulation results demonstrate general agreement between the approximate and exact solutions. Therefore, the approximate model is effective in capturing the physics of thermionic emission-limited transport at low applied bias and drift-diffusion-limited transport through the quasi-neutral region of the amorphous layer at larger applied biases. However, simulation results also show that an extremely narrow subregion of the space-charge region within the amorphous layer, which has been neglected within the proposed model, limits the transport of holes at very low bias and inhibits transport at all other biases. Nevertheless, the proposed model provides improved accuracy across the entire bias range compared to the individual thermionic emission or drift-diffusion models.
A Transparent broadband all-dielectric water-based metamaterial absorber based on laser cutting
Authors: Li Lintao , Wen Jingda , Wang Yichen , Jin Yue , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Zhao Qian , Li Bo , Zhou Ji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gradually attracting attention on the all-dielectric broadband metamaterial absorber is developing in the application of multi-functionalization, such as the optical transparent transmission function of the microwave absorber. In this paper, we designed an all-dielectric transparent broadband metamaterial absorber utilizing the composited structure of the layered and cylindrical water with the shell of cross-shaped PMMA. Then, the series of the patterned shell are fabricated by the two-dimensional laser cutting technology with ultra-fast, accurate, and simplified process. Both the simulated and experimental performance show high absorption over 90% at 13.3–40 GHz and optical transmittance of 73% with polarization insensitivity and wide-angle incident tolerance. Furthermore, the transparent absorber can modulate the low-frequency absorptivity by adjusting the temperature and ion concentration. Our all-dielectric transparent broadband metamaterial absorber based on laser cutting technology has promising potential in a wider range of both civil and military applications.
A tale of two (or more) h's
Authors: Brieden Samuel , Gil-Marín Héctor , Verde Licia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We use the large-scale structure galaxy data (LSS) from the BOSS and eBOSS surveys, in
combination with abundances information from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), to measure two values
of the Hubble expansion rate, H
0 = 100h [ km s-1 Mpc-1], each of them
based on very different physical processes. One is a (traditional) late-time-background
measurement, based on determining the BAO scale and using BBN abundances on baryons for
calibrating its absolute size (BAO+BBN). This method anchors H
0 to the (standard) physics of
the sound horizon scale at pre-recombination times. The other is a newer, early-time based
measurement, associated with the broadband shape of the power spectrum. This second method anchors
H
0 to the physics of the matter-radiation equality scale, which also needs BBN information for
determining the suppression of baryons in the power spectrum shape (shape+BBN). Within the
ΛCDM model, we find very good consistency among these two H
0's: BAO+BBN (+growth)
delivers H
0 = 67.42+0.88
-0.94 (67.37+0.86
-0.95) km s-1Mpc-1, whereas the
shape+BBN (+growth) delivers H
0 = 70.1+2.1
-2.1 (70.1+1.9
-2.1) km s-1
Mpc-1, where `growth' stands for information from the late-time-perturbations captured by the
growth of structure parameter. These are the tightest sound-horizon free H
0 constraints from
LSS data to date.
As a consequence, to be viable any ΛCDM extension proposed to address the so-called “Hubble
tension” needs to modify consistently not only the sound horizon scale physics, but also the
matter-radiation equality scale, in such a way that both late- and early-based H
0's return
results mutually consistent and consistent with the high H
0 value recovered by the standard
cosmic distance ladder (distance-redshift relation) determinations.
Enhanced prospects for direct detection of inelastic dark matter from a non-galactic diffuse component
Authors: Herrera Gonzalo , Ibarra Alejandro , Shirai Satoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn some scenarios, the dark matter particle predominantly scatters inelastically with the target, producing a heavier neutral particle in the final state. In this class of scenarios, the reach in parameter space of direct detection experiments is limited by the velocity of the dark matter particle, usually taken as the escape velocity from the Milky Way. On the other hand, it has been argued that a fraction of the dark matter particles in the Solar System could be bound to the envelope of the Local Group or to the Virgo Supercluster, and not to our Galaxy, and therefore could carry velocities larger than the escape velocity from the Milky Way. In this paper we estimate the enhancement in sensitivity of current direct detection experiments to inelastic dark matter scatterings with nucleons or electrons due to the non-galactic diffuse components, and we discuss the implications for some well motivated models.
Unified theory of quantum crystals and optical lattices with Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Yukalov V I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When interactions between particles are strong, at low temperature, these particles can form self-organized quantum crystals, and when the particles interact weakly, periodic structures can be imposed by external fields, e.g. by optical lattices. These opposite cases usually are treated separately, dealing either with quantum crystals or with optical lattices. Here the unified theory is developed for arbitrary particle interaction strength, treating in the frame of the same model both the limiting cases of quantum crystals and optical lattices, as well as the states intermediate between these two limits. Bose particles are considered, hence at low temperature in optical lattices Bose–Einstein condensation can happen, while it seems to be prohibited in ideal quantum crystals that do not contain mesoscopic regions of disorder, such as dislocations and grain boundaries.
Absolute frequency measurement of a Yb optical clock at the limit of the Cs fountain
Authors: Goti Irene , Condio Stefano , Clivati Cecilia , Risaro Matias , Gozzelino Michele , Costanzo Giovanni A , Levi Filippo , Calonico Davide , Pizzocaro Marco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present the new absolute frequency measurement of ytterbium (171Yb) obtained at INRiM with the optical lattice clock IT-Yb1 against the cryogenic caesium (133Cs) fountain IT-CsF2, evaluated through a measurement campaign that lasted 14 months. Measurements are performed by either using a hydrogen maser as a transfer oscillator or by synthesizing a low-noise microwave for Cs interrogation using an optical frequency comb. The frequency of the 171Yb unperturbed clock transition

1

S

0

→

3

P0 results to be 518 295 836 590 863.44(14) Hz, with a total fractional uncertainty of

2.7
×

10

−
16

that is limited by the uncertainty of IT-CsF2. Our measurement is in agreement with the Yb frequency recommended by the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency. This result confirms the reliability of Yb as a secondary representation of the second and is relevant to the process of redefining the second in the International System of Units on an optical transition.
MHD modeling of shattered pellet injection in JET
Authors: McClenaghan J. , Lyons B.C. , Kim C.C. , Akçay C. , Eidietis N. , Lao L.L. , Sweeney R.M. , Stein-Lubrano B. , Sheikh U. , Hawkes N. , Szepesi G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear 3D MHD simulations of shattered-pellet injection (SPI) in JET show prototypical SPI-driven disruptions using the M3D-C1 and NIMROD extended-MHD codes. Initially, radiation-driven thermal quenches are accelerated by MHD activity as the pellet crosses rational surfaces, leading to a radiation spike, global stochasticization of the magnetic field, and a complete thermal quench. Eventually, current quenches, preceded by a current spike are seen as the Ohmic heating becomes equal to the radiative cooling. The results are qualitatively similar for both a single monolithic pellet, pencil-beam model, and a realistic shatter to represent the SPI plume. A scan in viscosity from 500 to 2000 m2 s−1 for MHD simulations finds that reducing viscosity increases MHD activity and decreases thermal quench time slightly. A realistic cloud of fragments modeling shows that mixed-D–Ne pellet travels deeper into the plasma core before the thermal quench. At the slow pellet speeds, the pellet is found to be moving slowly enough inward that even the 5% neon in the mixed pellet is enough to effectively radiate the thermal energy available. Radiation toroidal peaking is predicted to be at levels consistent with experimental observations and reduced as the pellet travels deeper into the plasma. These simulations lay the ground work for more-sophisticated validative and predictive modeling of SPI in JET using both M3D-C1 and NIMROD.
Wavelength-shifter coated polystyrene as an easy-to-build and low-cost plastic scintillator detector
Authors: Brignoli A. , Conaboy A. , Dormenev V. , Jimeno D. , Kazlou D. , Lacker H. , Scharf C. , Schmidt J. , Zaunick H.G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We studied the light yield of a pure polystyrene slide
coated with wavelength-shifter molecules, coupled to a
photomultiplier, using β
- particles from a 90Sr
source, as a possible easy-to-build, low-cost plastic scintillator
detector. Comparison measurements were performed with an uncoated
polystyrene slide as well as with uncoated and coated PMMA slides,
the latter which can only produce Cherenkov light when being
traversed by charged particles. The results with the single (double)
coated polystyrene slides show about 4.9 (6.3) times higher detected
photon yield compared to the uncoated slide. For comparison, the
light yield of a polystyrene-based extruded plastic scintillator
material doped with PTP and POPOP was measured as well. The
absolute detected light yield motivates future studies for
developing easy-to-build, low-cost polystyrene-based plastic
scintillator detectors.