bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal, and Microwave Treatment on Bioactive Compound, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Quality of Lime-Flavored Dragon Fruit RTS Beverage
Authors: Patel Dharmendrakumar , Bhise Suresh 
Published: September 2023

Aims: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of lime juice standardization on sensory evaluation, and changes in betacyanin content, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage processed with thermal, and microwave processing.
Study Design: CRD and Factorial CRD.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Food Processing Technology & Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, between October 2021 to july 2023.
Methodology: The dragon fruit RTS beverage (12% fruit juice, 0.1% citric acid, and 12°Brix TSS) was incorporated with 3% lime juice on the sensory evaluation basis was subjected to thermal, and microwave processing. The thermal treatment was carried out for 5, 10, and 15 min at 70, 80, and 90°C, while microwave treatment was done at fixed power density of 900 W for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 sec for lime-flavored dragon fruit RTS beverage.
Results: The RTS processed for 5 min at 70°C was found best among all thermal treatments on the basis of better betacyanin content retained in RTS (23.80 mg/L), and 73.43% antioxidant activity, whereas 30 sec of exposure time at 900 W power density had better betacyanin content (29.87 mg/L), and 54.31% antioxidant activity than other microwave treatments.
Conclusion: The betacyanin retention was higher for microwave processing than thermal processing, whereas antioxidant activity was reported higher for thermal treatment.
Summarizing Evidence of Associations of COVID‐19 With a Future Diagnosis of Inflammatory Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Rapid Review
Authors: Mudge Hannah R. , Honey Jonathan R. , Tachoukaft Sara , Hider Samantha L. , Mason Kayleigh J. , Welsh Victoria K. , Burton Claire 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal symptoms are commonly reported following acute COVID‐19. It is unclear whether those with musculoskeletal symptoms subsequently develop inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (iRMD). This review seeks to identify evidence for an association between acute COVID‐19 and subsequent iRMD diagnosis.MethodsA rapid review of the literature using a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and two COVID‐19 databases was undertaken until August 2022. Case studies, case series, cross‐sectional, case‐control, and cohort studies reporting patients with an incident iRMD following COVID‐19 were included. Title and abstract screening were conducted by one reviewer and full text screening by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal were by one reviewer, with a second verifying. Study‐type specific critical appraisal tools were used.ResultsResults were narratively synthesized. A total of 80 studies were included (69 case reports, 10 case series and 1 cross‐sectional study). Commonly reported iRMDs were “reactive arthropathies” (n = 47), “inflammatory arthropathies unspecified” (n = 18), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 12) and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 11). The cross‐sectional study reported 37% of those with COVID‐19 developed “post COVID arthritis.” Time from diagnosis of COVID‐19 to iRMD presentation ranged from 0 to 120 days. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the association between COVID‐19 and iRMD development: autoimmune processes, aberrant inflammatory responses, colonization of joint spaces, direct damage from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and genetic predisposition.ConclusionThe level of evidence of the studies included in this review was low and the quality generally poor. Prospective observational studies are required to confirm associations and likely impact of post COVID‐19 iRMDs at a population level.
TIGIT may Serve as a Potential Target for the Immunotherapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Xin , Yu Chengfan , Bi Jianlong , Liu Qing , Wang Qiang 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to explore whether TIGIT is an effective target for the immunotherapy of renal cell cancer (RCC) with PD‐1 as a positive control. The expression of TIGIT and PD‐1 in RCC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the correlation between TIGIT and PD‐1 are evaluated. The expression of TIGIT and PD‐1 is inhibited, and then the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration are assessed. TIGIT expression is positively related to the expression of PDCD1, BTLA, ICOS, and FOXP3 (p < 0.05). TIGIT expression in the PBMC, TIL, RCC, and adjacent normal tissues is higher than PD‐1 expression. Blocking the TIGIT and PD‐1 signaling pathways significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells and promotes their apoptosis. These effects are more evident in TIGIT inhibitors than in PD‐1 inhibitors. TIGIT inhibitor mainly regulates the expression of differential genes to achieve the reconstruction of immune killing and restore the killing effect on the RCC, and its mechanism by which TIGIT functions overlap that of PD‐1 inhibitor. TIGIT may become a target for the immunotherapy of RCC, and there is a theoretical basis for the combination of TIGIT inhibitors and PD‐1 inhibitors for the treatment of RCC.
On the Importance of Chemical Precision in Organic Electronics: Fullerene Intercalation in Perfectly Alternating Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Vanderspikken Jochen , Liu Zhen , Wu Xiaocui , Beckers Omar , Moro Stefania , Quill Tyler James , Liu Quan , Goossens Arwin , Marks Adam , Weaver Karrie , Hamid Mouna , Goderis Bart , Nies Erik , Lemaur Vincent , Beljonne David , Salleo Alberto , Lutsen Laurence , Vandewal Koen , Van Mele Bruno , Costantini Giovanni , Van den Brande Niko , Maes Wouter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe true structure of alternating conjugated polymers—the state‐of‐the‐art materials for many organic electronics—often deviates from the idealized picture. Homocoupling defects are in fact inherent to the widely used cross‐coupling polymerization methods. Nevertheless, many polymers still perform excellently in the envisaged applications, which raises the question if one should really care about these imperfections. This article looks at the relevance of chemical precision (and lack thereof) in conjugated polymers covering the entire spectrum from the molecular scale, to the micro and mesostructure, up to the device level. The different types of polymerization errors for the alkoxylated variant of the benchmark (semi)crystalline polymer poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (PBTTT) are identified, visualized, and quantified and a general strategy to avoid homocoupling is introduced. Through a combination of experiments and supported by simulations, it is shown that these coupling defects hinder fullerene intercalation and limit device performance as compared to the homocoupling‐free analog. This clearly demonstrates that structural defects do matter and should be generally avoided, in particular when the geometrical regularity of the polymer is essential. These insights likely go beyond the specific PBTTT derivatives studied here and are of general relevance for the wider organic electronics field.
Alternating Current Electroluminescence for Human‐Interactive Sensing Displays
Authors: Jiang Wei , Lee Seokyeong , Zan Guangtao , Zhao Kaiying , Park Cheolmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐interactive displays based on alternating current (AC)‐driven electroluminescence (EL) is of great interest, owing to their simple device architectures suitable for wearable applications requiring resilient mechanical flexibility and stretchability. AC‐EL displays can serve as emerging platforms for various human‐interactive sensing displays (HISDs) where human information is electrically detected and directly visualized using EL, promoting the development of the interaction of human–machine technologies. This review provides a holistic overview of the latest developments in AC‐EL displays with an emphasis on their applications for HISDs. AC‐EL displays based on exciton recombination or impact excitations of hot electrons are classified into four representative groups depending upon their device architecture: 1) displays without insulating layers, 2) displays with single insulating layers, 3) displays with double insulating layers, and 4) displays with EL materials embedded in an insulating matrix. State‐of‐the‐art AC HISDs are discussed. Furthermore, emerging stimuli‐interactive AC‐EL displays are described, followed by a discussion of scientific and engineering challenges and perspectives for future stimuli‐interactive AC‐EL displays serving as photo‐electronic human–machine interfaces.
An Intelligent Metasurface for Self‐Adaptive Electromagnetic Manipulation of Transmission/Absorption Frequency and Amplitude
Authors: She Ying , Ji Chen , Huang Cheng , Peng Jinqiang , Yuan Liming , Liao Jianming , Huang Jingkai , Luo Xiangang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntelligent metasurfaces have recently attracted much interest due to their strong capability of self‐adaptive electromagnetic (EM) manipulation. However, their realization still faces great challenges, especially in the recognition and modulation of multi‐EM parameters. Here, an intelligent metasurface is proposed that can automatically manipulate its transmission/absorption frequency and amplitude to adapt to the complicated and ambiguous EM environment. By integrating a radio‐frequency sensing module and a closed‐loop feedback system, the incident wave frequency and amplitude information can be recognized and then the corresponding instruction will be generated to make such a metasurface achieve the predefined EM functions. Experimental results have demonstrated that it can realize the dynamic switching between transmission and absorption with the variation of incident power intensity, and meanwhile the transmission/absorption amplitude can be also further adjusted. In addition, this metasurface possesses the frequency‐agile capability, which can self‐adaptively control its transmission/absorption frequency to match the incident frequency. The proposed approach opens a new avenue to promote the development of multifunctional intelligent metasurfaces toward a wide range of real‐time application fields, such as smart EM windows and active camouflage.
Assembly of Photochromic Molecules into Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive Hollow Microparticles via Templating Coordination
Authors: Peng Chenxi , Lv Weizhen , Chen Xue , Suh Yung Doug , Liu Xiaowang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSupramolecular multifunctional metal–organic networks offer immense potential in drug delivery, bioimaging, catalysis, and therapeutics. However, the creation of multiple stimuli‐responsive fluorescent hollow nano/microparticles is a formidable challenge in this field. In this study, a novel strategy is reported for synthesizing photochromic hollow microparticles that exhibit responsiveness to light, pH, and glutathione (GSH). With the assistance of templating coordination from zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 microparticles, bisphosphonate‐merocyanine ligands are successfully assembled to create hollow bisphosphonate‐spiropyran (BPSP)‐Zn2+ microparticles. The photochromic and pH responses stem from the reversible conversion between spiropyran and zwitterionic merocyanine components and between merocyanine and protonated merocyanine, respectively. The GSH response is attributed to the stronger affinity of Zn2+ to thiol groups than to phosphonate groups. These remarkable features render the hollow BPSP‐Zn2+ microparticles highly suitable for applications in stimulus‐triggered drug delivery, and these findings provide a platform for developing innovative materials that have the potential to transform the biomedical field.
Controlled Molecular Diffusion in Fluorescent Polymer Films for Label‐Free Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Megahd Heba , Carlotti Marco , Martusciello Martina , Magnasco Laura , Pucci Andrea , Comoretto Davide , Lova Paola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission has eliminated the problem of fluorescence quenching in the solid state, making molecules with this property excellent candidates for vapor sensing due to their portability and ease of interpretation. Here, films of polystyrene / 2‐[4‐vinyl(1,10‐biphenyl)‐40‐yl]‐cyanovinyljulolidine copolymers are reported that exhibit aggregation‐induced emission behavior for the detection of toluene, m‐xylene, dichloromethane, and chloroform. After exposure to the analytes, the emission of the copolymers shows significant changes in intensity and spectral shape corresponding to the reduced microviscosity of the molecular environment. However, these changes are similar for different analytes, resulting in low chemical selectivity. Therefore, label‐free selectivity is achieved by controlling the molecular diffusion of the four vapor analytes within the films using the Flory–Huggins solution theory with capping layers of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers.
Thermal/UV Respond Polydiacetylene /Ni2+ Thermal Paper with Reusability
Authors: Tan Jialing , Liu Wenwen , Liu Jiayin , Liu Hao , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolydiacetylenes (PDAs) are a family of highly conjugated polymers that generate optical response sensitively if exposed to stimuli, the color would change from blue to red. PDAs with reusability and color reversibility are at the central of current research efforts generously. They enhance the electrostatic interaction between cations and the negatively charged carboxylate head groups to increase the rigidity and decrease the energy barrier by introducing Ni2+ into the side chains of PDAs. The amphiphilic 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) molecules with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic group are dispersed into Ni2+ aqueous solution and self‐assembled in situ into nanoparticles. Transferring the solution onto a paper base to yield a precisely controlled thickness of PDAs thermal paper. The thermal paper undergoes UV‐induced topological chemical polymerization and further cross‐linking to form stably blue. Because of the reduced energy barrier, red thermal paper after thermal stimulation can undergo color reduction under UV light irradiation. Increasing the photopolymerization time from 5 s to 600 s leads to the rising of the color change temperature from approximately 76.4 °C to 105.4 °C. The polydiacetylene/Ni2+ (PDA/Ni2+) thermal paper can be available for green printing, thermal history recording, and temperature visualization.
Functional Carbon Capsules Supporting Ruthenium Nanoclusters for Efficient Electrocatalytic 99TcO4−/ReO4− Removal from Acidic and Alkaline Nuclear Wastes
Authors: Liu Xiaolu , Xie Yinghui , Li Yang , Hao Mengjie , Chen Zhongshan , Yang Hui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Ma Shengqian , Wang Xiangke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe selective removal of the β‐emitting pertechnetate ion (99TcO4−) from nuclear waste streams is technically challenging. Herein, a practical approach is proposed for the selective removal of 99TcO4− (or its surrogate ReO4−) under extreme conditions of high acidity, alkalinity, ionic strength, and radiation field. Hollow porous N‐doped carbon capsules loaded with ruthenium clusters (Ru@HNCC) are first prepared, then modified with a cationic polymeric network (R) containing imidazolium‐N+ units (Ru@HNCC‐R) for selective 99TcO4− and ReO4− binding. The Ru@HNCC‐R capsules offer high binding affinities for 99TcO4−/ReO4− under wide‐ranging conditions. An electrochemical redox process then transforms adsorbed ReO4− to bulk ReO3, delivering record‐high removal capacities, fast kinetics, and excellent long‐term durability for removing ReO4− (as a proxy for 99TcO4−) in a 3 m HNO3, simulated nuclear waste‐Hanford melter recycle stream and an alkaline high‐level waste stream (HLW) at the U.S. Savannah River Site (SRS). In situ Raman and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses showed that adsorbed Re(VII) is electrocatalytically reduced on Ru sites to a Re(IV)O2 intermediate, which can then be re‐oxidized to insoluble Re(VI)O3 for facile collection. This approach overcomes many of the challenges associated with the selective separation and removal of 99TcO4−/ReO4− under extreme conditions, offering new vistas for nuclear waste management and environmental remediation.
A general strategy for designing complex brush architecture using star‐like polymeric grafts
Authors: Vo Thi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynthetic control over the shape, size, and interactions between nanoscale building blocks remains an open challenge in self‐assembly. Here, we propose to engineer triblock, star‐like polymers to design patterning on nanoparticles. We developed a theory that characterizes the structural organization of grafted polymers as a function of parameters such as grafting density, chain length, block fractions, and core shape/sizes. Stripe‐like patterning and corner/edge patch formation on arbitrarily shaped cores are readily accessible using our framework, all of which can be a priori predicted. Lastly, we employ assembly simulations to show that the resulting particles provide tighter control over structural and orientational orderings during self‐assembly. More importantly, they offer a way to pattern directional interactions that can override face–face alignment tendencies intrinsic to each core geometry. Our theory, therefore, creates a new handle for tuning nanoscale synthesis, enabling designs of complex building blocks that can target novel assemblies for materials fabrication.
Association between blood pressure and magnesium and uric acid levels in indigenousArgentinean children at high altitude
Authors: Hirschler Valeria , González Claudio , Maccallini Gustavo , Molinari Claudia , Castano Luis ,   San Antonio de los Cobres Study Group Collaborators
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between nontraditional risk factors such as magnesium and uric acid with blood pressure (BP) in Indigenous children.MethodsA total of 263 school‐aged indigenous children living at high altitude were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study in November 2011. Prehypertension (preHTN) and hypertension (HTN) were defined by systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90th to <95th percentile or ≥95th percentile respectively, according to age, sex, and height.ResultsThe prevalence of preHTN and HTN was 13.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Low magnesium levels were identified in 21.7% (57/263): 28.1% (16/57) of the children with low magnesium levels had preHTN versus 9.7% (20/206) with normal magnesium values. Furthermore, 21.8% (12/57) of the children with low magnesium levels had HTN versus 4.5% (20/206) with normal magnesium values. There was a significant association between mean arterial pressure and magnesium (r = −026), uric acid (r = 0.20), phosphorus (r = −0.17), z‐BMI (r = 0.22), potassium (r = −0.10), HOMA‐IR (r = 0.17), calcium (r = −0.10), and sodium (r = −0.13). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mean arterial pressure was associated significantly and directly with BMI, age, gender, and uric acid; and inversely with magnesium, adjusted for sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and HOMA‐IR (R2 = 0.43). Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that magnesium (OR = 0.015) and uric acid (OR = 2.95) were significantly associated with preHTN. Similar results were obtained when preHTN was replaced by HTN.ConclusionOur results indicate that HTN was associated inversely with magnesium and positively with uric acid in indigenous school children.
Delirium is associated with loss of feedback cortical connectivity
Authors: Gjini Klevest , Casey Cameron , Kunkel David , Her Maihlee , Banks Matthew I. , Pearce Robert A. , Lennertz Richard , Sanders Robert D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPost‐operative delirium (POD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but is bereft of treatments, largely due to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. We hypothesized that delirium reflects a disturbance in cortical connectivity that leads to altered predictions of the sensory environment.METHODSHigh‐density electroencephalogram recordings during an oddball auditory roving paradigm were collected from 131 patients. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis facilitated inference about the neuronal connectivity and inhibition–excitation dynamics underlying auditory‐evoked responses.RESULTSMismatch negativity amplitudes were smaller in patients with POD. DCM showed that delirium was associated with decreased left‐sided superior temporal gyrus (l‐STG) to auditory cortex feedback connectivity. Feedback connectivity also negatively correlated with delirium severity and systemic inflammation. Increased inhibition of l‐STG, with consequent decreases in feed‐forward and feed‐back connectivity, occurred for oddball tones during delirium.DISCUSSIONDelirium is associated with decreased feedback cortical connectivity, possibly resulting from increased intrinsic inhibitory tone.Highlights
Mismatch negativity amplitude was reduced in patients with delirium.
Patients with postoperative delirium had increased feedforward connectivity before surgery.
Feedback connectivity was diminished from left‐side superior temporal gyrus to left primary auditory sensory area during delirium.
Feedback connectivity inversely correlated with inflammation and delirium severity.
Liquid Crystal Emulsions: A Versatile Platform for Photonics, Sensing, and Active Matter
Authors: Concellón Alberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe self‐assembly of liquid crystals (LCs) is a fascinating method for controlling the organization of discrete molecules into nanostructured functional materials. Although LCs are traditionally processed in thin films, their confinement within micrometre‐sized droplets has recently revealed new properties and functions, paving the way for next‐generation soft responsive materials. These recent findings have unlocked a wealth of unprecedented applications in photonics (e.g. reflectors, lasing materials), sensing (e.g. biomolecule and pathogen detection), soft robotics (e.g. micropumps, artificial muscles), and beyond. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in LC emulsion designs and highlights a variety of novel potential applications. Perspectives on the opportunities and new directions for implementing LC emulsions in future innovative technologies are also provided.