bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrace Engineering of the Buffer Layer: Laying the Foundation of Thick GaN Drift Layer on Si Substrates
Authors: Chen Zhenghao , Yang Xuelin , Liu Xuan , Shen Jianfei , Cai Zidong , Yang Hongcai , Fu Xingyu , Wang Maojun , Tang Ning , Xu Fujun , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVertical GaN‐on‐Si devices are promising for the next‐generation high‐voltage power electronics with low cost and high efficiency. However, their applications are impeded by the limited thickness of crack‐free GaN layers and high threading dislocation density (TDD) in the layer. Buffer layers are crucial for stress control while they usually behave with poor surface morphology, which causes early stress relaxation in GaN and limited thickness. Hereby, a terrace engineering approach for the buffer layers is proposed. Through tuning the supersaturation ratio, the terrace width can be manipulated and an atomically smooth AlGaN buffer layer can be realized, which effectively reduces the compressive stress relaxation and provides a firm foundation for thick GaN growth. As a result, a 7.5 µm thick GaN drift layer with TDD as low as 8.6 × 107 cm−2is achieved on Si substrates. The room temperature electron mobility of the GaN drift layer can be raised up to 1210 cm2 V−1 s−1. The fabricated PiN diode shows a high breakdown voltage of 1058 V as well as a high on/off ratio of 1012. This work thus truly demonstrates the potential of high‐performance and low‐cost GaN‐based electronic as well as optoelectronic devices on Si platforms.
Biologically Assisted Construction of Advanced Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Zhang Junhao , Yuan Lei , Xi Baojuan , Gao Fei , Zheng Xiangjun , Pan Ruiyu , Guo Liuyang , An Xuguang , Fan Tongxiang , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBio‐organisms with various architectures and versatile physiological functions provide a substantial bibliography for electrode design. To elucidate how bio‐organisms and bio‐schemes take effect in advanced electrode materials, this review sorts bio‐assisted construction into two categories, namely, biotemplating synthesis and biomimetic artificial fabrication. The former section summarizes unique characteristics of different biotemplates for electrode preparation, including “bottom‐up” structural designability of biomolecules, metabolism involving, and genetic alterable properties of biological cells, as well as, the structural regularity and integrity of bio‐tissues, with the aim to provide guidelines for manipulating bioarchitectures and endow biotemplating synthesis of electrodes with more designability. The later describes recent efforts in using bio‐prototypes to enhance the essential properties associated with advanced electrodes, including mechanical properties, wettability, mass transport, electron/charge transfer, and catalytic activity, with intensive concerns on the function principles of biomimetic designs in electrochemical systems. Then, advances in applications of bioderived and biomimetic electrode materials are summarized emphasizing how bio‐structures/components and bionic designs help to enhance the charging/discharging and electrocatalytic performance in specific electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. Finally, future trends with prospects and challenges for developing new bioderived/biomimetic electrode materials, as well as, related conceptual innovation on bionics, are discussed in the last section.
Ion Flux Regulation through PTFE Nanospheres Impregnated in Glass Fiber Separators for Long‐Lived Lithium and Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Yajie , Tai Zhixin , Rozen Ido , Yu Zhipeng , Lu Ziyu , LaGrow Alec P. , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Chen Qingqing , Goobes Gil , Li Yi , Liu Lifeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPractical implementation of alkali metal batteries currently still faces formidable challenges because of the dendrite growth upon continuous charge/discharge processes and the associated unstable solid–electrolyte interphase. Herein, it is reported that dendrites can be fundamentally mitigated in lithium and sodium metal batteries by regulating the Li+ and Na+ flux using a glass fiber (GF) separator impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene nanospheres (PTFE‐NSs), which results in homogeneous deposition of Li and Na during charging. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulations reveal that the introduction of negatively charged PTFE‐NSs into the GF separator enhances the local electric field near the anode, thereby boosting the transfer of cations. It is demonstrated that Li//Li and Na//Na symmetric cells utilising a PTFE‐GF separator show outstanding cycle stability of 1245 and 2750 h, respectively, at 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the Li//LiFePO4 and Na//Na3V2(PO4)2F3 full cells exhibit remarkably improved capacity retention when cycled at 1 C, in the presence of a PTFE‐GF separator. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies suggest that the impregnation of PTFE‐NSs into GF helps “liberate” more Li+ and Na+ and changes the coordination interaction between ions and solvents, contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance.
Ultralong excimer phosphorescence by the self‐assembly and confinement of terpyridine derivatives in polymeric matrices
Authors: Yin Guangqiang , Lu Wei , Huang Jianxiang , Li Rui , Liu Depeng , Li Longqiang , Zhou Ruhong , Huo Guifei , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUltralong organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is attracting increasing attention due to its fascinating optical phenomena and wide applications. Among various RTP, excimer phosphorescence is of fundamental significance, but it remains a considerable challenge to achieve flexible, multicolor and large‐area excimer RTP materials, which should greatly advance the understanding and development of organic light‐emitting devices. Herein, we present ultralong excimer RTP films by the self‐assembly and confinement of terpyridine (Tpy) derivatives in polymeric matrices. Strikingly, the self‐assembly of Tpy derivatives induces the formation of excimer complexes, thus immensely minimizing singlet‐triplet splitting energy (ΔEST) to promote the intersystem crossing process. Furthermore, the confinement by multiple hydrogen bonding interactions as well as the compact aggregation of phosphors jointly suppresses the nonradiative transitions, leading to long‐lived excimer RTP (τ = 543.9 ms, 19,000‐fold improvements over the powder). On account of the outstanding afterglow performance and color‐tunability of RTP materials, flexible and large‐area films were fabricated for intelligent display, anticounterfeiting, and time‐resolved information encryption.
Energy expenditure and intensity of ritual jumping–dancing in male Maasai
Authors: Christensen Dirk L. , Westgate Kate , Griffiths Lewis , Sironga Joseph , Maro Venance P. , Helge Jørn W. , Larsen Steen , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Jensen Jorgen , Brage Soren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTraditional jumping–dance rituals performed by Maasai men involve prolonged physical exertion that may contribute significantly to overall physical activity level. We aimed to objectively quantify the metabolic intensity of jumping–dance activity and assess associations with habitual physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).MethodsTwenty Maasai men (18–37 years) from rural Tanzania volunteered to participate in the study. Habitual physical activity was monitored using combined heart rate (HR) and movement sensing over 3 days, and jumping–dance engagement was self‐reported. A 1‐h jumping–dance session resembling a traditional ritual was organized, during which participants' vertical acceleration and HR were monitored. An incremental, submaximal 8‐min step test was performed to calibrate HR to physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and assess CRF.ResultsMean (range) habitual PAEE was 60 (37–116) kJ day−1 kg−1, and CRF was 43 (32–54) mL O2 min−1 kg−1. The jumping–dance activity was performed at an absolute HR of 122 (83–169) beats·min−1, and PAEE of 283 (84–484) J min−1 kg−1 or 42 (18–75)% when expressed relative to CRF. The total PAEE for the session was 17 (range 5–29) kJ kg−1, ~28% of the daily total. Self‐reported engagement in habitual jumping–dance frequency was 3.8 (1–7) sessions/week, with a total duration of 2.1 (0.5–6.0) h/session.ConclusionsIntensity during traditional jumping–dance activity was moderate, but on average sevenfold higher than habitual physical activity. These rituals are common, and can make a substantial contribution to overall physical activity in Maasai men, and thus be promoted as a culture‐specific activity to increase energy expenditure and maintain good health in this population.
Supporting survivors of institutional child sexual abuse during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study of not‐for‐profit community and legal organisations in Greater Western Sydney
Authors: Butler Laura J. , Lawton Amy , Kalali Parisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBefore, during and since the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2013–2017), not‐for‐profit community and legal services have been critical in supporting survivors of institutional child sexual abuse. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of community and legal service practitioners operating in Greater Western Sydney regarding the ongoing impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the service system for survivors of institutional child sexual abuse. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 practitioners at 15 community and legal services. Through thematic analysis, the study identified five areas of concern regarding service provision and COVID‐19, including difficulties in navigating shifts to remote service delivery; changes in service accessibility; complications in accessing the National Redress Scheme; safety challenges for clients; and safety challenges for practitioners. The research identified a need for services to finesse frameworks that ensure remote services can be delivered safely for clients and practitioners alike. Priorities include adequate funding for technology and infrastructure, supporting survivors of abuse perpetrated online and encouraging effective coping strategies for practitioners who undertake trauma support work from home. Future research should consider how shifts to remote service delivery have impacted survivors of different demographic groups and the survivor support workforce.
Tobacco taxes as a community protective factor against cognitive decline in later life
Authors: Kalousova Lucie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPrior work has suggested that encouraging smoking cessation could be an important tool for curbing later‐life cognitive decline and cognitive disparities. This study investigates whether higher cigarette taxes were associated with lower odds of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and lesser cognitive disparities.METHODSUsing the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data collected between 2019 and 2021, this study estimates logistic regression models predicting SCD by average state cigarette taxes in the last 5, 10, and 20 years, with gradual adjustment for sociodemographic and state characteristics.RESULTSThe results show that higher cigarette taxes were associated with decreased odds of SCD only in models without adjustment. Among Hispanics only, higher taxes were associated with lower odds of SCD.DISCUSSIONThe lower rates of SCD in states with higher cigarette taxes could be explained by their different sociodemographic characteristics. Future research should explore the mechanisms that underlie the observed association among Hispanic Americans.
Remark on stability margin of Lur'e systems
Authors: Kim Yoonsoo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a recent work, a definition of stability margin (gain and phase margins) for a class of nonlinear systems (Lur'e systems consisting of a linear time‐invariant (LTI) plant and a sector‐constrained nonlinearity) is proposed based on the famous circle criterion. This definition is indeed interesting because the concept of gain and phase margins has been largely limited to linear systems with a single input and a single output (SISO), but it was further established for Lur'e systems with a particular type of sector constraints (
, e.g., saturation). In this paper, the previously established concept is extended to cover Lur'e systems with a general type of sector constraints (
). It is, however, pointed out that in case of
, the definitions of phase margin based on the circle criterion can be misleading and need to be modified or replaced perhaps by a time‐delay margin for Lur'e systems including an integrator, for which the phase margin can be trivially zero.
Exploring the nature and prevalence of targeted violence perpetrated by persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder
Authors: F. E. Almond Madison , L. Nicholls Tonia , L. Petersen Karen , C. Seto Michael , G. Crocker Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough mental illness has a demonstrated link with violence, the prevalence of targeted (planned and goal‐directed) violence perpetrated by individuals with mental illness and its association with psychiatric symptoms is relatively unexplored. File information was compared for all 293 individuals found not criminally responsible due to mental illness in British Columbia between 2001 and 2005, of whom 19% had committed targeted violence. Most individuals with targeted offenses displayed at least one warning behavior before their offense (93%); all displayed delusions and approximately one third exhibited hallucinations. Compared to individuals who perpetrated non‐targeted offenses, the individuals with targeted offenses displayed greater proportions of threats/criminal harassment, had female victims, displayed a psychotic disorder and/or personality disorder, and displayed delusions during the offense. This implies that severe psychiatric disorders do not preclude the perpetration of planned violence and suggests that exploring symptoms of mental illness that may be proximally indicative of targeted violence is important in preventing future acts.
Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Imidazole Derivatives Possessing Hydrazone Moiety
Authors: Kekeçmuhammed Hüseyin , Tapera Michael , Aydoğdu Ekrem , Sarıpınar Emin , Aydin Karatas Elanur , Mehtap Uc Eda , Akyuz Mesut , Tüzün Burak , Gulcin İlhami , Emin Bora Rıfat , Özer İlhan İlhan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn an attempt to identify potential active anticancer agents with low cytotoxic properties and CA inhibitors, a new series of hybrid compounds incorporating imidazole ring and hydrazone moiety as part of their structure were synthesized by aza‐Michael addition reaction followed by intramolecular cyclization. The structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated using various spectral techniques. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer (prostate cell lines; PC3) and CA inhibitory (hCA I and hCA II) activity. Among them, some compound displayed remarkable anticancer activity and CA inhibitory activity with Ki values in range of 17.53±7.19–150.50±68.87 nM against cytosolic hCA I isoform associated with epilepsy, and 28.82±14.26–153.27±55.80 nM against dominant cytosolic hCA II isoforms associated with glaucoma. Furthermore, the theoretical parameters of the bioactive molecules were calculated to establish their drug‐likeness qualities. The proteins used for the calculations are prostate cancer protein (PDB ID: 3RUK and 6XXP). ADME/T analysis was carried out to examine the drug properties of the studied molecules.
Coupling of Heteroarene and Arenol via Nickel‐Catalyzed C−H/C−OH Activation
Authors: Hung Chen‐Hsun , Wang Ting‐Hsuan , Yap Glenn P. A. , Juan Joon Ching , Ong Tiow‐Gan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIncreasing sustainability awareness throughout society has sought to bring more atom‐economy and environmentally benign synthetic methods based on simultaneous reaction transformation through ubiquitous C−H and C−O activation. This work reports a Ni‐catalyzed heteroarene C−H/arenol C−OH coupling reaction, which omits the use of strong Lewis‐acid additive and low atom‐economy protecting reagent. The array of arenols and heteroarenes is effective in this protocol using in‐situ activating reagent of pivalic anhydride. Detailed mechanistic studies and identification of intermediate have been carried out to understand the nature of catalytic reactions.
Generation and Characterization of a Tetraradical Embedded in a Curved Cyclic Paraphenylene Unit
Authors: Miyazawa Yuki , Wang Zhe , Hatano Sayaka , Takagi Ryukichi , Matsuoka Hideto , Amamizu Naoka , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kayahara Eiichi , Yamago Shigeru , Abe Manabu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnique spin–spin (magnetic) interactions, ring‐size effects on ground‐state spin multiplicity, and in‐plane aromaticity has been found in localized 1,3‐diradicals embedded in curved benzene structures such as cycloparaphenylene (CPP). In this study, we characterized the magnetic interactions in a tetraradical consisting of two localized 1,3‐diradical units connected byp‐quaterphenyl within a curved CPP skeleton by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Persistent triplet species with zero‐field splitting parameters similar to those of a triplet 1,3‐diphenylcyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradical were observed by continuous wave (CW) or pulsed X‐band EPR measurements. The quintet state derived from the ferromagnetic interaction between the two triplet diradical moieties was not detected at 20 K under glassy matrix conditions. At the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, the singlet state was lower in energy than the triplet and quintet states. These findings will aid in the development of open‐shell species for material science application.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Nifedipine Controlled‐Release Tablets: A Randomized, Single‐Dose, 2‐Period Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Xin Liang , Chen Qing , Chen Dandan , Li Yijhen , Li Yiqun , Wu Qingqing , Zou Yang , Wang Wei , Jia Jingying , Yu Chen , Liu Yanmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of generic nifedipine controlled‐release tablet compared to branded product under fasting and fed conditions. A randomized, single‐dose, 2‐period, crossover study with a 7‐day washout period was performed in 84 healthy Chinese volunteers (fasting cohort, n = 42; fed cohort, n = 42). In each study period, volunteers were assigned to receive a single oral dose of the generic or reference product (30 mg). Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 72 hours after administration. The plasma concentration of nifedipine was determined by a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained using a noncompartmental model and log‐transformed pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, AUC from time 0 to infinity) were used to evaluate bioequivalence. The results showed that the 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference products ranged from 80.0% to 125.0% in both the fasting and fed cohorts, meeting the criteria for bioequivalence. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the study and no adverse events led to withdrawal from the study. Food effects were found in both the test and reference products, with mean maximum plasma concentration, AUC from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity increased by 23.7%, 20.7%, and 20.5%, respectively, for the test product and 35.2%, 13.4%, and 14.7% for the reference product after a high‐fat and high‐calorie breakfast.
Detection of COVID‐19 patient based on attention segmental recurrent neural network (ASRNN) Archimedes optimization algorithm using ultra‐low‐dose CT images
Authors: Kannan G. , K Karunambiga , Sathish Kumar P. J. , Shajin Francis H. 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYIn this article, the detection of COVID‐19 patient based on attention segmental recurrent neural network (ASRNN) with Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) using ultra‐low‐dose CT (ULDCT) images is proposed. Here, the ultra‐low‐dose CT images are gathered via real time dataset. The input images are preprocessed with the help of convolutional auto‐encoder to recover the ULDCT images quality by removing noises. The preprocessed images are given to generalized additive models with structured interactions (GAMI) for extracting the radiomic features. The radiomic features, such as morphologic, gray scale statistic, Haralick texture are extracted using GAMI‐Net. The ASRNN classifier, whose weight parameters optimized with Archimedes optimization algorithm enables COVID‐19 ULDCT images classification as COVID‐19 or normal. The proposed approach is activated in MATLAB platform. The proposed ASRNN‐AOA‐ULDCT attains accuracy 22.08%, 24.03%, 34.76%, 34.65%, 26.89%, 45.86%, and 32.14%; precision 23.34%, 26.45%, 34.98%, 27.06%, 35.87%, 34.44%, and 22.36% better than the existing methods, such as DenseNet‐HHO‐ULDCT, ELM‐DNN‐ULDCT, EDL‐ULDCT, ResNet 50‐ULDCT, SDL‐ULDCT, CNN‐ULDCT, and DRNN‐ULDCT, respectively.
Sleep loss potentiates Th17‐cell pathogenicity and promotes autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Liu Xiuxing , Su Yuhan , Huang Zhaohao , Lv Jianjie , Gu Chenyang , Li Zhuang , Tao Tianyu , Liu Yidan , Jiang Qi , Duan Runping , Chen Binyao , Ju Rong , Wang Xianggui , Zheng Yingfeng , Su Wenru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleep loss (SL) is a health issue associated with the higher risk of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the connection between SL, the immune system, and autoimmune diseases remains unknown.MethodsWe conducted mass cytometry, single‐cell RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry to analyze how SL influences immune system and autoimmune disease development. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six healthy subjects before and after SL were collected and analyzed by mass cytometry experiments and subsequent bioinformatic analysis to identify the effects of SL on human immune system. Sleep deprivation and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice model were constructed, and scRNA‐seq data from mice cervical draining lymph nodes were generated to explore how SL influences EAU development and related autoimmune responses.ResultsWe found compositional and functional changes in human and mouse immune cells after SL, especially in effector CD4+ T and myeloid cells. SL upregulated serum GM‐CSF levels in healthy individuals and in patients with SL‐induced recurrent uveitis. Experiments in mice undergoing SL or EAU demonstrated that SL could aggravate autoimmune disorders by inducing pathological immune cell activation, upregulating inflammatory pathways, and promoting intercellular communication. Furthermore, we found that SL promoted Th17 differentiation, pathogenicity, and myeloid cells activation through the IL‐23Th17GM‐CSF feedback mechanism, thus promoting EAU development. Lastly, an anti‐GM‐CSF treatment rescued SL‐induced EAU aggravation and pathological immune response.ConclusionsSL promoted Th17 cells pathogenicity and autoimmune uveitis development, especially through the interaction between Th17 and myeloid cells involving GM‐CSF signaling, providing possible therapeutic targets for the SL‐related pathological disorders.