bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P911 The changes in the faecal microbiome and metabolome in Crohn’s disease after treatment with anti-TNFα antibodies are of secondary origin
Authors: Hurych J , Mascellani Bergo A , Lerchová T , Hlináková L , Kubát M , Malcová H , Cebecauerová D , Schwarz J , Karásková E , Hecht T , Vyhnánek R , Ťoukálková L , Dotlačil V , Kobrová K , Čížková A , Horváth R , Bronsky J , Havlík J , Hradský O , Cinek O 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment by anti-TNFα antibodies (aTNFα) is known to change the dysbiotic faecal bacteriome in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, whether the change is caused by aTNFα itself or by improving the gut inflammation status is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify and compare bacterial taxa and faecal metabolite changes upon aTNFα between children with CD and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a disease very rarely affecting the gut.

Methods
Faecal samples were analysed for bacteriome by massively parallel sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA and for faecal metabolome by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Gut inflammation status was assessed by faecal calprotectin levels.

Results
In total, 530 stool samples from 121 children (CD 54, JIA 18, healthy 49) from six different hospitals in Czechia were collected. In CD patients, 37 progressed to the need for aTNFα therapy, whereas 17 remained on other therapeutic modalities; in JIA, 14 received aTNFα, whereas four remained on other treatments. In JIA, calprotectin levels were not different from controls (P=0.16), and lower than in CD (~50 fold, P&lt;10-16). Among CD, when aTNFα therapy was administered, their calprotectin levels decreased by a mean of 59% as compared to the period off-therapy (P=1.40 x 10-5). Regarding the microbiome and metabolome changes, five bacterial genera and four metabolites significantly changed their abundance/concentration upon aTNFα administration in CD but not in JIA. Within the bacteriome, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Intestinibacter and Erysipelatoclostridium (all phylum Firmicutes) increased, whereas Allistipes (phylum Bacteroidota) decreased. Among metabolites, glucose and glycerol increased, whereas isoleucine and uracil decreased. The analysis of bacteriome composition revealed dysbiosis in CD, with a shift away from Proteobacteria towards Firmicutes and Actinobacteria after aTNFα.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that aTNFα therapy changes the dysbiotic microbiome in CD towards healthier composition. This is supported by relatively comprehensive longitudinal stool sampling in a multicentric study. Most importantly, the observed bacteriome changes upon treatment with TNFα blockers are of secondary origin, as they occur only in CD patients, whose gut inflammation status improves after the treatment, and no effects are observed in the control group of JIA.
P913 Interactions between Intestinal Microbiota and micro-RNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Eun C S , Oh E H , Lee A R , Park C H , Han D S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Both gut microbiota and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the interactions between gut microbiota and miRNAs which are altered in murine colitis models and patients with IBD using multi-omics analysis.

Methods
Gut microbiota and miRNAs were analyzed in a mouse experiment (7 dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-treated mice, 7 azoxymethane [AOM] and DSS-treated mice, and 6 controls) and a human experiment (10 patients with active Crohn’s disease, 10 patients with active ulcerative colitis [UC], and 8 healthy controls). DNA was extracted from mouse feces and human colonic tissues, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to evaluate changes in gut microbiota. miRNA expression levels were measured by microarray analysis from mouse and human colonic tissues. mRNA expression levels were examined by microarray analysis from colonic tissues of UC patients. Correlation and network analyses were performed to evaluate the interactions among gut microbiota, miRNAs and mRNAs.

Results
Principal coordinate analysis showed distinct gut microbiota composition and miRNA expressions among the groups in the mouse and human experiments. Also, comparative analysis showed many miRNAs differentially expressed and many bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) differentially identified among the groups. Spearman correlation rank test and network analysis revealed multiple correlations and interactions among specific miRNAs and bacterial ASVs. In UC patients, genes associated with functional categories in biological process, such as positive regulation of cytokine production, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, cell adhesion, positive regulation of response to external stimulus, and leukocyte migration were upregulated than healthy controls. mRNAs in UC patients also showed multiple correlations and interactions with specific miRNAs and bacterial ASVs.

Conclusion
Gut microbiota composition and miRNA expressions were distinctly altered in patients with IBD and murine colitis models. Specific miRNAs were associated with specific bacterial ASVs and mRNAs, suggesting the interactions among miRNAs, gut microbiota and mRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBD. Our data imply that global complicated interactions between gut microbiota and miRNAs, rather than specific individual microbiota-miRNA interaction, might play more important role in IBD.
N07 A qualitative study on how patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease feel supported in managing their disease using an app
Authors: Fallesen J P , Minet L R , Skjøth M M , knudsen T , Kjeldsen J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is incurable and, for most patients, lifelong treatment and regular follow-up is required. A close communication with healthcare professionals is crucial. Recent studies show that E- health technologies are promising tools for close monitoring and communication among patients with IBD. Especially mobile-health apps are becoming increasingly popular. Based on need assessment and user involvement, an IBD-app was developed to support patients’ communication with healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences on how they feel supported in managing their disease using this IBD-app.

Methods
A phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on qualitative methods was applied to obtain an understanding of the patients’ experiences on how they feel supported in managing their disease using an app. Individual telephone interviews with 12 outpatients were conducted. Participants were recruited from two outpatient clinics at the Departments of Medical Gastroenterology at Odense University Hospital and Hospital South West Jutland in Esbjerg. The analysis was based on condensation of meaning. The tool consists of five steps that allows the researcher to give, the opinions expressed by the informant, a shorter formulation. It summarizes long statements and record the main meaning in few words. Afterwards, the informants' statements are exposed to a critical commonsense and theoretical interpretation with the aim of a broader understanding.

Results
Twelve outpatients with IBD, including five men and seven women age range from 18-75, participated in individual telephone interviews. The analysis generated four themes on how they feel supported in managing their disease through an app. The patients feel supported when the app helps them to: (1) strength selfcare-management through empowerment (2) conserves autonomy through a flexible contact with healthcare professionals (3) obtain a care-relationship through access to healthcare professionals (4) obtain dialogue with healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
This study indicates that patients with IBD perceived an app developed to support patients’ communication with healthcare professionals as meaningful and supportive. The results suggest the usefulness of building in functionality to support empowerment, autonomy, care-relationships and dialogue. Further studies on efficacy and usability in a clinical setting, including health care providers, are needed.
N12 Development and introduction of a pre-clinic screening, triage system and virtual consultations for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a nurse led quality improvement project (QIP)
Authors: Gleeson S , Buckley P M , McCarthy D J , Sugrue K , O'Grady D J , O'Sullivan C , O'Sullivan G , Naughton C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
•In the IBD centre, Mercy University Hospital( MUH), all patients (Approximately 4000 patients with IBD) attend the outpatient clinic for face-to-face consultations as per prescheduled appointments regardless of disease status.
• Mismatch between need and access to care. Patients in remission attend for elective appointments, while patients in need of urgent specialist review may have to wait or else attend clinics which are already at capacity as an urgent appointment. The increasing strain on the OPD system calls for new models of care to be explored.
• Aim :develop and implement a pre-clinic screening , triage system and virtual consultations for low-risk patients & evaluate the impact on patient reported and health service outcomes.
• Prioritise patients with more unstable IBD symptoms for face-to-face consultations, while for patient with stable IBD to increase consultation choice (virtual or face to face)
• Examine impact on patient experience
• Examine impact on OPD waiting lists

Methods
• QIP conducted over a 6 month period. 1980 patients included in the study. 1560 patients were scheduled to attend OPD in the 6month timeframe and 420 patients were on the IBD OPD waitlist for return/ first time consult.
• logic model planning and PDSA cycles to develop ,test, refine and implement; 1.A pre-clinic screening, assessment and triage pack to assess patients clinical status and education needs 2.Inclusion and exclusion criteria for virtual consultations 3.Clinic pathway algorithms 4.Weekly virtual IBD MDTs

Results
• 95% of patients completed the pre-clinic screening and triage pack, of these 37% were eligible for telephone consultation and 89% of those deemed eligible were happy to switch from face to face to telephone consultation.
• 30% of patients who attended for pre-clinic screening and triage assessment required fast tracking of OPD appointments due to unstable disease and received earlier interventions e.g. colonoscopies, MRI’s and medication optimisation.
• IBD waiting list of 420 patients was cleared with this initiative, all patients were offered a telephone or OPD consultation based on the result of the pre-clinic triage assessment and patient preference.
83% of patients would be happy to continue with the new model as it was perceived as more convenient , time efficient and less disruptive to everyday life.

Conclusion
• This study highlighted that virtual management of IBD is acceptable to patients, significantly decreased clinic visit utilisation and can reduce the growing burden of IBD on health care resources .This initiative had many positive organisational outcomes including the elimination of the IBD OPD waiting list, reduction in non-essential clinic attendances and potential cost savings.
N22 Inflammatory bowel disease nursing in Italy: the experience of the Academic Hospital of Udine
Authors: Povoli A , Simonetta G , D'Agaro P , Marangone S , Marino M , Berretti D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of conditions characterized by a chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. IBDs can lead to extraintestinal manifestations that concern articulations, skin, liver, kidneys and eyes. Given the complexity of the diseases, patient affected by IBD are monitored by a multi-disciplinary team whose IBD nurse becomes one of the main figure. In 2018, the University of Udine fostered the post-graduate IBD nurse education programme called “IBD nurse case manager”, with the aims to a) promote high standards of clinical practice and research initiatives; and b) educate active members of the multi-disciplinary professional network both at national and international level.

Methods
A retrospective observational study has been conducted in 2022. All patients who attended the IBD clinic for administration of biological therapy, gastroenterological visits, training for subcutaneous therapy administration, follow-up for clinical studies (also via calls and/or emails) were included. Descriptive statistic has been used to describe the activity of the IBD clinic from 2018 to 2021

Results
From the 1st of January 2018 to the 31st of December 2021, a total of 1,114 patients (47% females; average age of 45 years) were admitted to the IBD clinic. Outpatient visits were 701 in 2018 and 679 in 2019, while 639 during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 708 in 2021; from 2020 to 2021 there was an increase of 11% of activities. The number of drug administrations increased by 35% from 2018 (n=353) to 2019 (n=475); also, these endovenous therapies were not modified in 2020 (n=487, +3%) and in 2021 (n=476, -3%). The number of education sessions for subcutaneous therapy decreased by 15% from 2018 (n=30) to 2019 (n=26); then, the number increased by 34% from 2019 to 2020 (n=35) and by 135% from 2020 to 2021 (n=83). Follow-up appointments for clinical studies decreased by 60% from 2018 (n=26) to 2019 (n=11), then, the number increased by 100% from 2019 to 2020 (n=22) and decreased by 20% during 2021 (n=17). In 2020, virtual visits were implemented, with an increase of 458% of phone calls in 2021 (n=1,329) compared to 2020 (n=290).

Conclusion
Data show that qualified nurses may improve IBD pathways and increase the IBD clinic activities with high quality standards of care. In addition, motivation, satisfaction and willingness to continue education training were perceived among nurses. The collaboration between the University of Udine and the Hospital of Udine showed encouraging results that can be replicated in similar contexts.
Tuning the expression of the bacterial relBE toxin–antitoxin system inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeallows characterizing the subsequent growth inhibition
Authors: Duperray Maëlle , François Jean-Marie , Capp Jean-Pascal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems are each composed of a toxin, which severely inhibits bacterial cells growth, and a specific neutralizing antitoxin. Some toxin–antitoxin systems are functional when expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For instance, the expression of the relE toxin gene leads to a strong growth defect in yeast, whereas the expression of the relB antitoxin gene restores growth. Nevertheless, there is no available data regarding the required expression levels of each component of the relBE system leading to these growth phenotypes, neither their effects on cell viability. Here we used a double inducible plasmid-based system to independently modulate the relative amounts of relB and relE, and performed growth and gene expression analyses. These results allow us to correlate growth phenotypes to the expression levels of the toxin and the antitoxin, and to determine the levels necessary to observe either a strong growth inhibition or a normal growth. We also showed that the relE expression produces cell cycle progression defect without affecting cell viability. These results provide a detailed characterization of the functioning of the relBE system in S. cerevisiae, and open applicative perspectives of yeast growth control by bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems.
Greater Ecologically Assessed Positive Experiences Predict Heightened Sex Hormone Concentrations Across Two Weeks in Older Adults
Authors: Knight Erik L , Graham-Engeland Jennifer E , Sliwinski Martin J , Engeland Christopher G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Sex hormones are important components of healthy aging, with beneficial effects on physical and mental health. Positive experiences such as elevated mood, lowered stress, and higher well-being also contribute to health outcomes and, in younger adults, may be associated with elevated sex hormone levels. However, little is known about the association between positive experiences and sex hormones in older adults.

Methods
In this study, older men and women (N = 224, 70+ years of age) provided blood samples before and after a 2-week period of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of positive and negative experiences (assessed based on self-reporting items related to affect, stress, and well-being). Concentrations of a panel of steroid sex hormones and glucocorticoids were determined in blood.

Results
Higher levels of positive experiences reported in daily life across 2 weeks were associated with increases in free (biologically active) levels of testosterone (B = 0.353 [0.106, 0.601], t(221.3) = 2.801, p = .006), estradiol (B = 0.373 [0.097, 0.649], t(225.1) = 2.645, p = .009), and estrone (B = 0.468 [0.208, 0.727], t(224.3) = 3.535, p &lt; .001) between the start and the end of the 2-week EMA period.

Discussion
These findings suggest that sex hormones may be a pathway linking positive experiences to health in older adults.
Refining the Moho across the Australian continent
Authors: Kennett B L N , Gorbatov A , Yuan H , Agrawal S , Murdie R , Doublier M P , Eakin C M , Miller M S , Zhao L , Czarnota K , O’Donnell J P , Dentith M , Gessner K 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYIn recent years, there has been a considerable expansion of deployments of portable seismic stations across Australia, which have been analysed by receiver function or autocorrelation methods to extract estimates of Moho depth. An ongoing program of full-crustal reflection profiles has now provided more than 25 000 km of reflection transects that have been interpreted for Moho structure. The Moho data set is further augmented by extensive marine reflection results. These new data sources have been combined with earlier refraction and receiver function results to provide full continental coverage, though some desert areas remain with limited sampling. The dense sampling of the Moho indicates the presence of rapid changes in Moho depth, and so, the Moho surface has been constructed using an approach that allows different weighting and spatial influence depending on the nature of the estimate. The inclusion of Moho results from continental-wide gravity inversion with low weighting helps to resolve the continent-ocean transition and to provide additional control in the least sampled zones. The refined distribution indicates the presence of widespread smaller-scale variations in Moho structure. Strong lateral contrasts in crustal thickness remain, but some have become more subdued with improved sampling of critical areas. The main differences from earlier results lie in previously poorly sampled regions around the Lake Eyre Basin, where additional passive seismic results indicate somewhat thicker crust though still with a strong contrast in crustal thickness to the cratonic zone to the west.
Resolving minute temporal seismic velocity changes induced by earthquake damage: the more stations, the merrier?
Authors: Illien Luc , Sens-Schönfelder Christoph , Ke Kuan-Yu 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYGround shaking induced by earthquakes often introduces transient changes in seismic velocity monitored with ambient noise. These changes are usually attributed to relaxation behaviour following the coseismic damage in the subsurface and are of relevance for post-seismic hazard mitigation. However, the velocity evolution associated with this phenomenon can occur at very small timescales and amplitudes that are not resolved with seismic interferometry and are therefore challenging to link to laboratory experiments. A way to improve the temporal resolution of the velocity time-series is to test whether the estimation of the relative seismic velocity changes dv/v obeys the ergodic hypothesis in which the joint use of colocated stations would lead to better resolved measurements. In this study, we present results from a dense seismic array that was deployed for 2 weeks at the remarkable Patache site in Chile. Thanks to high temporal averaging capabilities, we are able to resolve seismic velocity changes in the 3–6 Hz frequency band at a 10-min resolution around the occurrence of a moderate earthquake (PGV ∼1 cm s–1). We report a velocity drop of ∼0.4 per cent in the first 10 min after ground shaking. Half of this initial drop was recovered within the 2 following days. The shape of the recovery follows a log-linear shape over the whole observed recovery phase, analogous to slow dynamics experiments. When normalized by the total amount of processed data, we show that the ergodic hypothesis almost perfectly holds in our network: the dv/v signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained when averaging a few observation with large stacking durations for the correlation functions is almost equal to the SNR when using a large number of observations with small stacking durations. To understand if the ergodicity is linked to a particular site property, we use the array capabilities to identify the surf at the shoreline as the source of the noise and to derive a 1-D shear velocity profile with the focal spot imaging technique and a transdimensional Bayesian inversion framework. The inversion shows that hard rocks lie close to the surface indicating that this material hosts the observed shallow velocity changes. We discuss our high-resolution measurements and attribute them to a stable noise source excited by the shore, the ergodicity property and an ideal subsurface structure. Finally, we discuss the effect of moderate earthquakes on subsurface damage and the potential relaxation processes in hard rocks.
Ad hoc coalitions in global governance: short-notice, task- and time-specific cooperation
Authors: Reykers Yf , Karlsrud John , Brosig Malte , Hofmann Stephanie C , Maglia Cristiana , Rieker Pernille 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ad hoc coalitions (AHCs) are an indispensable but scantly conceptualized part of global governance. In recent years, several typologies and classifications of global governance arrangements have been provided, mostly differentiating them based on their organizational design features of degree of formality and membership composition. These do not capture AHCs and the role they play in global governance. In this article, we not only provide a conceptualization of AHCs, but also propose ways in which AHCs fit within the broader global governance architecture. We argue that what sets AHCs apart is not so much their (in)formality or membership, but rather their short-notice creation, their task-specific purpose and their temporarily circumscribed existence. We therefore define AHCs as autonomous arrangements with a task-specific mandate established at short notice for a limited time frame. We then develop a research agenda on the nature and future of AHCs, including their short- and long-term relationship with other multilateral arrangements in the global governance architecture. This is important, as we do yet not know how AHCs complement, compete and impact on international organizations and international crisis response.
Desde el neoliberalismo austericida de Europa hacia la reconstrucción social en España: propuestas para la reforma constitucional
Authors: Montesinos Padilla Carmen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
More than a decade after the start of the eurozone crisis, the coronavirus in Spain has brought back the idea of constitutional reform in social rights. The paradigm shift that occurred with the arrival of the pandemic is hardly questionable. From the austerity promoted by European institutions and assumed by national authorities in the face of the 2008 financial crisis, we have recently moved on to boosting public investment and social spending in both spheres of governance. This paper comparatively analyses the two scenarios to demonstrate that economic policy is a matter of ideology. Moreover, austerity is only one of many possible responses to economic downturns. And to preserve our welfare state in the face of future austerity trends, this paper argues strongly in favour of a series of constitutional reforms in Spain to guarantee the effectiveness of social rights.