bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
101 30-Day Outcomes of Resolute Onyx Stent for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis: A Multicenter Propensity-Score Matched Comparison With SAMMPRIS Trial
Authors: Siddiq Farhan , Nunna Ravi Shankar , Khan Inamullah , Khan Musharaf , Beall Jonathan , Tekle Wondwossen , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Tanweer Omar , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jabbour Pascal , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Herial Nabeel , Siddiqui Adnan Hussain , Grandhi Ramesh , Qureshi Adnan I. , Hassan Ameer O. 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (sICAD) is estimated to cause over 10% of strokes annually in the US alone. Previous investigations employing stenting, most notably SAMMPRIS trial, have produced unfavorable results in regards to both periprocedural complications and risk of recurrent stroke. However, newer generation balloon-mounted drug-eluting stents (BM-DES) have been hypothesized to harbor several technical advantages that may confer improvements in these critical metrics.

METHODS:
Prospectively maintained databases from eight comprehensive stroke centers were reviewed to identify adult patients undergoing RO-ZES for the treatment of sICAD between January,2019 and December,2021. Only patients that presented with either recurrent stroke or TIA, intracranial stenosis 70-99%, with at least one stroke on best medical management were included. The primary outcome was 30-days composite of stroke, ICH, and/or mortality. A propensity-score matched analyses was performed comparing the results of RO-ZES to the intervention arm of SAMMPRIS.

RESULTS:
A total of 132 patients met the inclusion criteria for analysis (mean age:64.2 years). Mean severity of stenosis (±SD) was 81.4% (±11.4%). Four (3.03%) stroke and/or deaths were reported within 30 days in RO-ZES group. A propensity-score matched analysis based on age, HLD, HTN, DMII, and smoking demonstrated a statistically significant decreased risk of 30-day stroke and/or death rate in RO-ZES in comparison to SAMMPRIS (2.6% vs. 15.6%, respectively; OR 6.88, 95% CI 1.92-37.54, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients treated with RO-ZES had a decreased rate of 30-day major complications in comparison to SAMMPRIS. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RO-ZES for the treatment of sICAD.
Identification of potential compounds for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using computational methods
Authors: Gatwiri Winnie , Kagia Richard 
Published: March 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread through the air. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) has become a global health concern. This study focuses on developing alternative compounds to Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Bedaquiline, Kanamycin, Amikacin, Cycloserine, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Linezolid and Streptomycin that can be used to treat patients with multidrug resistance TB. The virtual screening will aid in discovering other possible compounds for use in the management of MDR TB, thereby providing a superior alternative to currently existing medications and aid in eradicating TB. The objective of this study was to identify potential compounds that can be used in managing MDR TB in chronic tuberculosis patients using computational methods. Methods: The Swiss Similarity tool was used to identify similar compounds to the tuberculosis drugs in a ZINC database. Compounds more similar to the tuberculosis drugs were selected and used to test the molecular docking with their respective targets. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles of the selected compounds were analyzed using Swiss ADME and Pro Tox Server, respectively. Results: Overall, 90 compounds had higher binding energies than the medications, 88 had lower binding energies, and 14 had binding energies that were equivalent to those of the drugs. Only 14 of the 200 compounds lacked CYP inhibition, were p-glycoprotein substrates, had superior docking scores to the compounds, and fell into toxicity classes V and VI. Conclusions: The 14 potential compounds should undergo further in vivo and in vitro studies to develop new compounds for managing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
A protocol for cloning, expression, and purification of Lysine exporter (LysE) gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Upadhyay Shilpa , Dhok Archana , Agarkar Vinod , Kashikar Supriya , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed 
Published: March 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the deadliest diseases and a significant cause of illness across the globe. Several studies on mycobacterial proteins, such as proteases and transporters that are essential for survival and pathogenesis have aimed to develop an efficient anti-tubercular agent. In mycobacterium, lysine exporter (LysE) is an amino acid transporter and a probable target for an anti-tubercular agent as it is responsible for bacterial growth inhibition and is also absent in the widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Methods: Some studies have purified LysE using different protocols. This study describes a protocol for purifying different constructs of LysE, focusing on its hydrophobic region using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) after expressing LysE gene in a bacterial expression system. pET vector (pET28a) is used as an expression vector. Amplied LysE gene is ligated with the pET28a vector, and the resultant plasmid is then transformed into E. coli cells. The vector has a histidine tag that makes the purification process convenient. After IMAC, the samples will be subjected to size-exclusion chromatography for further purification. Results: Cloning and amplification findings will be analyzed using 1% agarose gel, and protein expression and purification outcomes will be examined using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Domain-specific constructs of LysE can be further analyzed as an anti-tubercular agent. Conclusions: Despite being a potential anti-tubercular target, research is quite limited on this protein. Therefore, we aim to purify LysE protein for further analysis. Similar protocols have already been implemented to purify several other bacterial proteins with >95% purity.
Scaling Up Electric-Vehicle Battery Swapping Services in Cities: A Joint Location and Repairable-Inventory Model
Authors: Qi Wei , Zhang Yuli , Zhang Ningwei 
Published: March 2023

Battery swapping for electric vehicle refueling is reviving and thriving. Despite a captivating sustainable future where swapping batteries will be as convenient as refueling gas today, a tension is mounting in practice (beyond the traditional “range anxiety” issue): On one hand, it is desirable to maximize battery proximity and availability to customers. On the other hand, capacitated urban power grids may curb decentralized charging at a slow speed. To reconcile this tension, some cities are embracing an emerging infrastructure network: Decentralized swapping stations replenish charged batteries from centralized charging stations. It remains unclear how to design such a network or whether pooling charging demands will save costs or batteries. In this paper, we model this new urban infrastructure network. This task is complicated by non-Poisson swaps and by the intertwined stochastic operations of swapping, charging, stocking, and circulating batteries among swapping and charging stations. We tackle these complexities by deriving analytical models, which enrich the classical batched repairable-inventory theory. We next propose a joint location and repairable-inventory model for citywide deployment of hub charging stations, with a nonconvex nonconcave objective function. We solve this problem exactly by exploiting submodularity and combining constraint-generation and parameter-search techniques. Even for solving convexified problems, our algorithm brings a speedup of at least three orders of magnitude relative to the Gurobi solver. The major insight is twofold: The benefit of pooling charging demands alone is not enough to justify the adoption of the “swap-locally, charge-centrally” network; instead, the main justification is that faster charging accessible at centralized charging stations significantly reduces the system-wide battery stock level. In a broader sense, this work deepens our understanding of how mobility and energy are coupled toward enabling smart cities. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization. Funding: Y. Zhang acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71871023, 72271029, and 72061127001]. W. Qi acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72272014 and 72188101] and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2019-04769]. N. Zhang acknowledges the support from the China Scholarship Council [202106030140]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4731 .
The UK – a home for Ukrainians? An analysis of social security and housing policy
Authors: Machin Richard 
Published: March 2023

This commentary discusses the ways in which the welfare system has responded to the financial and housing needs of Ukrainian citizens coming to the UK since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The focus is on two key areas of policy: social security and housing. The article considers the revised eligibility criteria for welfare benefits and two policies which can provide accommodation: the Ukraine Family Scheme, which allows applicants to join family members in the UK, and the Ukrainian Sponsorship Scheme (known as ‘Homes for Ukraine’) which allows Ukrainian nationals to come to the UK if they have a sponsor who can provide accommodation for at least six months. It provides a comparison of the provision for Ukrainian refugees and the standard asylum system in the UK.
This article concludes that although the UK government quickly introduced emergency provisions for newly arrived Ukrainians which go beyond the scope of support for many other groups moving to the UK, significant areas of concern are evident, with risks that these will increase in future months and years. These concerns centre on discrepancies between the two policies which provide accommodation, risk of exploitation, homelessness caused by the breakdown in provision, and complexity in the welfare benefit system.
Collapse arrest of two-color vector optical solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media
Authors: Wu Liang , Kong Qian , Shen Ming 
Published: March 2023

In 2017, Sukhinin et al. investigated optical self-focusing that leads to collapse events for copropagating beams with different colors, which show that collapse events depend on the combined critical power of two beams as well as on the ratio of their individual powers [Phys. Rev. A 95, 031801 (2017)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.95.031801]. In this paper, we demonstrate that these collapse events of the two-color vector solitons can be eliminated in self-focusing media with nonlocal nonlinearity. We employ the variational approach to derive an approximate solution of the two-color vector solitons for fundamental, vortex, and mixed configurations. In the regime of strong nonlocality, we also show numerically the collapse arrest of the two-color vector solitons with the split-step Fourier transform method.
Smoking and healthcare expenditure reductions associated with the California Tobacco Control Program, 1989 to 2019: A predictive validation
Authors: Lightwood James M. , Anderson Steve , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Previous research used data through 2008 to estimate a model for the effect of the California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) that used cumulative real per capita tobacco control expenditure to predict smoking behavior (current adult smoking prevalence and mean cigarette consumption per current smoker). Predicted changes in smoking behavior due to the CTCP were used to predict its effect on health care expenditure. This research updates the model using the most recently available data and estimates CTCP program effect through 2019.

Methods
The data used in the previous research were updated, and the original model specification and a related predictive forecast model were re-estimated. The updated regression estimates were compared to those previously published and used to update estimates of CTCP program effect in 2019 dollars.

Results
There was no evidence of structural change in the previously estimated model. The estimated effect of the CTCP program expenditures on adult current smoking prevalence and mean consumption per adult current smoker has remained stable over time. Over the life of the program, one additional dollar per capita of program expenditure was associated with a reduction of current adult smoking prevalence by about 0.05 percentage point and mean annual consumption per adult current smoker by about 2 packs. Using updated estimates, the program prevented 9.45 (SE 1.04) million person-years of smoking and cumulative consumption of 15.7 (SE 3.04) billion packs of cigarettes from 1989 to 2019. The program produced cumulative savings in real healthcare expenditure of $544 (SE $82) billion using the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), and $816 (SE $121) billion using the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) measure of medical costs. During this time, the CTCP expenditure was $3.5 billion.

Conclusion
A simple predictive model of the effectiveness of the CTCP program remained stable and retains its predictive performance out-of-sample. The updated estimates of program effect suggest that CTCP program has retained its effectiveness over its 31-year life and produced a return on investment of 231 to 1 in direct CMS medical expenditure.
Combining cash transfers and cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce antisocial behavior in young men: A mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Liberia
Authors: Carpena Marina Xavier , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Loret de Mola Christian , Hessel Philipp , Avendano Mauricio , Evans-Lacko Sara , Matijasevich Alicia 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundInterventions that combine cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with unconditional cash transfers (UCT) reduce the risk of antisocial behavior (ASB), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this paper, we test the role of psychological and cognitive mechanisms in explaining this effect. We assessed the mediating role of executive function, self-control, and time preferences.MethodsWe used data from the Sustainable Transformation of Youth in Liberia, a community-based randomized controlled trial of criminally engaged men. The men were randomized into: Group-1: control (n = 237); and Group-2: CBT+UCT (n = 207). ASB was measured 12–13 months after the interventions were completed, and the following mediators were assessed 2–5 weeks later: (i) self-control, (ii) time preferences and (iii) executive functions. We estimated the natural direct effect (NDE) and the natural indirect effect (NIE) of the intervention over ASB.ResultsSelf-control, time preferences and a weighted index of all three mediators were associated with ASB scores, but the intervention influenced time preferences only [B = 0.09 95%CI (0.03; 0.15)]. There was no evidence that the effect of the intervention on ASB was mediated by self-control [BNIE= 0.007 95%CI (-0.01; 0.02)], time preferences [BNIE= -0.02 95%CI (-0.05; 0.01)], executive functions [BNIE= 0.002 95%CI (-0.002; 0.006)] or the weighted index of the mediators [BNIE= -0.0005 95%CI (-0.03; 0.02)].ConclusionsUCT and CBT lead to improvements in ASB, even in the absence of mediation via psychological and cognitive functions. Findings suggest that the causal mechanisms may involve non-psychological pathways.
Type II endometrial cancer: Incidence, overall and disease-free survival in Martinique
Authors: Ebring Coralie , Marlin Régine , Macni Jonathan , Vallard Alexis , Bergerac Sébastien , Beaubrun-Renard Murielle , Joachim Clarisse , Jean-Laurent Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

Background and study aims
In Martinique, about 33 new cases of endometrial cancer are diagnosed per year with a high mortality rate (world standardised rate of 4.9/100,000 versus 2.3/100,000 in mainland France). The present study aimed to determine the incidence and mortality of type I and type II endometrial cancers (ECs), their overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between 2012 and 2016.

Patients and methods
This retrospective observational cohort study used data from the Martinique Cancer Registry (MCR). 191 patients with corpus uterine cancer were extracted between 2012 and 2016. Patients with either endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSC), uterine clear cell carcinomas (UCCC) or uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) were included. All other uterine cancers were excluded.

Results
Among the 163 included patients, 97 (60%) were type I and 66 (40%) were type II. The standardized incidence rate is 4.50/100,000 for type I vs. 2.66/100,000 for type II. Three years DFS for all types, type I and type II was 81.5% [74.2–86.9], 84.9% [75.4–91] and 76.7% [63.8–85.5] respectively. The five-years OS for all types, type I and type II was 47.0% [38.9–54.7] vs. 58.8% [47.3–68.5] vs. 22.8% [15.0–37.7] respectively.

Conclusions
In Martinique, we report a high proportion of type II ECs, which has a poor prognosis with few treatment options.
Delirium in older hospitalized patients—A prospective analysis of the detailed course of delirium in geriatric inpatients
Authors: Wilke Skadi , Steiger Edgar , Bärwolff Tanja L. , Kleine Justus F. , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Rosada Adrian 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDelirium in older hospitalized patients (> 65) is a common clinical syndrome, which is frequently unrecognized.AimsWe aimed to describe the detailed clinical course of delirium and related cognitive functioning in geriatric patients in a mainly non-postoperative setting in association with demographic and clinical parameters and additionally to identify risk factors for delirium in this common setting.MethodsInpatients of a geriatric ward were screened for delirium and in the case of presence of delirium included into the study. Patients received three assessments including Mini-Mental-Status-Examination (MMSE) and the Delirium Rating Scale Revised 98 (DRS-R-98). We conducted correlation and linear mixed-effects model analyses to detect associations.ResultsOverall 31 patients (82 years (mean)) met the criteria for delirium and were included in the prospective observational study. Within one week of treatment, mean delirium symptom severity fell below the predefined cut-off. While overall cognitive functioning improved over time, short- and long-term memory deficits remained. Neuroradiological conspicuities were associated with cognitive deficits, but not with delirium severity.DiscussionThe temporal stability of some delirium symptoms (short-/long-term memory, language) on the one hand and on the other hand decrease in others (hallucinations, orientation) shown in our study visualizes the heterogeneity of symptoms attributed to delirium and their different courses, which complicates the differentiation between delirium and a preexisting cognitive decline. The recovery from delirium seems to be independent of preclinical cognitive status.ConclusionTreatment of the acute medical condition is associated with a fast decrease in delirium severity. Given the high incidence and prevalence of delirium in hospitalized older patients and its detrimental impact on cognition, abilities and personal independence further research needs to be done.
Artificial intelligence-based point-of-care lung ultrasound for screening COVID-19 pneumoniae: Comparison with CT scans
Authors: Kuroda Yumi , Kaneko Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Hitomi , Uchiyama Saori , Nagata Yuichi , Matsushita Yasushi , Hiki Makoto , Minamino Tohru , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Daida Hiroyuki , Kagiyama Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2023

Background
Although lung ultrasound has been reported to be a portable, cost-effective, and accurate method to detect pneumonia, it has not been widely used because of the difficulty in its interpretation. Here, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-based automated pneumonia detection method using point-of-care lung ultrasound (AI-POCUS) for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We enrolled consecutive patients admitted with COVID-19 who underwent computed tomography (CT) in August and September 2021. A 12-zone AI-POCUS was performed by a novice observer using a pocket-size device within 24 h of the CT scan. Fifteen control subjects were also scanned. Additionally, the accuracy of the simplified 8-zone scan excluding the dorsal chest, was assessed. More than three B-lines detected in one lung zone were considered zone-level positive, and the presence of positive AI-POCUS in any lung zone was considered patient-level positive. The sample size calculation was not performed given the retrospective all-comer nature of the study.

Results
A total of 577 lung zones from 56 subjects (59.4 ± 14.8 years, 23% female) were evaluated using AI-POCUS. The mean number of days from disease onset was 9, and 14% of patients were under mechanical ventilation. The CT-validated pneumonia was seen in 71.4% of patients at total 577 lung zones (53.3%). The 12-zone AI-POCUS for detecting CT-validated pneumonia in the patient-level showed the accuracy of 94.5% (85.1%– 98.1%), sensitivity of 92.3% (79.7%– 97.3%), specificity of 100% (80.6%– 100%), positive predictive value of 95.0% (89.6% - 97.7%), and Kappa of 0.33 (0.27–0.40). When simplified with 8-zone scan, the accuracy, sensitivity, and sensitivity were 83.9% (72.2%– 91.3%), 77.5% (62.5%– 87.7%), and 100% (80.6%– 100%), respectively. The zone-level accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI-POCUS were 65.3% (61.4%– 69.1%), 37.2% (32.0%– 42.7%), and 97.8% (95.2%– 99.0%), respectively.

Interpretation
AI-POCUS using the novel pocket-size ultrasound system showed excellent agreement with CT-validated COVID-19 pneumonia, even when used by a novice observer.