bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating human-induced threat to hydrological regime of Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi
Authors: Kambombe Oscar , Ngongondo Cosmo , Monjerezi Maurice , Eneya Levis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sensitivity of watersheds to climatic and land use alterations remains subject of scientific interest globally. In this study, we analysed hydrological responses to transitions in land use/cover and climate impacts within Lake Chilwa Basin in Malawi, using the soil and water assessment tools (SWAT). Results show that deforestation and cropland expansion largely characterized the basin, particularly in the 2000s decade. SWAT model proved highly effective in analyzing impacts of environmental changes, with indicators such as Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (Ens), Per cent bias (PBIAS) and ratio of root mean square error to measured standard deviation (RSR) presenting satisfactory values of; 0.88, 0.86; − 11.6%, − 19.8% and 0.34, 0.37 after calibration and validation, respectively. Comparison of exceedance probability between periods provided evidence of increasing runoff of up to 11% and subsequent declining baseflows linked to deforestation; irrespective of climate influence which portrayed a decrease–increase–decrease decadal impact on streamflow. The study further shows that forest vegetation tended to escalate evapotranspiration (ET), although the forest role of reducing runoff and enhancing groundwater recharge outweighed the ET effect. Since most watersheds in the basin remain significantly deforested, the threat of increased runoff leading to flooding and declining dry-seasonal river flows is certain.
Non-structural and operational parameters for the estimation of seismic vulnerability of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Kerpelis P. N. , Golfinopoulos S. K. , Alexakis D. E. , Repapis C. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe seismic vulnerability of public buildings must be estimated using structural or non-structural parameters. Scientists ought to investigate these factors for the estimation and analysis of lifelines such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Although efforts have been made in the past, the serious non-structural and operational parameters are not enough defined. This study considers the amount of shortening of the supposed factors after the literature retrieval of WWTPs’ damages at sixteen severe earthquake events worldwide and three events from Greece. The corresponding parameters used for “ordinary structures” are taken into account. The most severe factors for non-structural vulnerability are seven while for operational vulnerability are nine, including soil, water and air pollution, respectively. These factors can assist the rapid qualitative estimation of seismic vulnerability. Implementing these agents by introducing them to an empirical estimation method will mitigate the seismic risk against the WWTPs, in parallel with measures adopted.
Pharmacological modulation of adaptive thermogenesis: new clues for obesity management?
Authors: Genchi V. A. , Palma G. , Sorice G. P. , D’Oria R. , Caccioppoli C. , Marrano N. , Biondi G. , Caruso I. , Cignarelli A. , Natalicchio A. , Laviola L. , Giorgino F. , Perrini S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Adaptive
thermogenesis represents the main mechanism through which the body generates heat in response to external stimuli, a phenomenon that includes shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The non-shivering thermogenesis is mainly exploited by adipose tissue characterized by a brown aspect, which specializes in energy dissipation. A decreased amount of brown adipose tissue has been observed in ageing and chronic illnesses such as obesity, a worldwide health problem characterized by dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion and associated cardiometabolic complications. In the last decades, the discovery of a trans-differentiation mechanism (“browning”) within white adipose tissue depots, leading to the generation of brown-like cells, allowed to explore new natural and synthetic compounds able to favour this process and thus enhance thermogenesis with the aim of counteracting obesity. Based on recent findings, brown adipose tissue-activating agents could represent another option in addition to appetite inhibitors and inhibitors of nutrient absorption for obesity treatment.

Purpose
This review investigates the main molecules involved in the physiological (e.g. incretin hormones) and pharmacological (e.g. β3-adrenergic receptors agonists, thyroid receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon receptor agonists) modulation of adaptive thermogenesis and the signalling mechanisms involved.
Factors controlling organic matter accumulation in the Longmaxi Formation shale, Changning area, South Sichuan Basin
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Xin , Tan Xiucheng , Zheng Jian , Yang Yang , Jing Cui , Zhou Hao , Wang Gaoxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on total organic content (TOC) tests and major-trace element test data, this study examined organic matter accumulation and controlling factors of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin. The results showed that (1) TOC content of the Long11 submember (S1l11) shale was between 0.46% and 8.35%. Vertically, TOC revealed a ‘sandwich cake’ pattern with a high TOC content concentrated in the 1st layers of Long11 submember (S1l11–1) and 3rd layers of Long11 submember (S1l11–3) and a lower TOC content in the 2nd layers of Long11 submember (S1l11–2) and 4th layers of Long11 submember (S1l11–4). Spatial distribution of TOC showed variations and migration in S1l11. (2) S1l11 shale TOC showed a logarithmic correlation with sedimentary environment index, negative correlation with terrigenous influx, and complex correlation with paleoproductivity. (3) Factors controlling organic matter accumulation were mainly redox conditions, followed by paleoproductivity and terrigenous input in Changning area. When the paleoproductivity index (Babio) was less than 2200 μg/g, the redox conditions was the controlling factor of organic matter accumulation. On the contrary, it is ultrahigh paleoproductivity. Vertically, organic matter accumulation mode evolved from “preservation conditions” to “productivity–preservation conditions synergy mode” to “productivity mode”. (4) An anoxic condition was the basis of organic matter accumulation. Medium–high paleoproductivity was the key to organic matter accumulation. These study results are expected to contribute to shale gas exploration and development.
Hypoparathyroidism – management, information needs, and impact on daily living from the patients’ perspective: results from a population-based survey
Authors: Büttner Matthias , Krogh Dieter , Führer Dagmar , Fuß Carmina Teresa , Willenberg Holger Sven , Luster Markus , Singer Susanne , Siggelkow Heide 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hypoparathyriodism (hypoPT) is a rare endocrine disorder. It is not known how hypoPT is managed in Germany or whether patients have unmet information needs or impairments in their daily living.

Methods
HypoPT patients at a minimum of 6 months’ post-diagnosis were invited to participate in an online survey through their treating physician or through patient organizations. An extensive questionnaire, which was developed and pilot-tested with hypoPT patients, was administered.

Results
A total of 264 patients with a mean age of 54.5 years (SD: 13.3), 85.2% female and 92% with postsurgical hypoPT, participated in the study. In total, 74% of the patients reported regular monitoring of serum calcium at least every 6 months, with lower control frequencies for phosphate (47%), magnesium (36%), creatinine (54%), and parathyroid hormone (50%), and 24-h urine calcium excretion (36%) on a yearly basis. Information on symptoms of hypo- and hypercalcemia was available in 72 and 45% of the patients. Information needs were related to the disease and its treatment as well as to nutrition, physical activities/sports, and support opportunities. Statistically significant differences for all information needs in association with symptom burden were observed. Hospitalization for hypocalcemia was reported by 32%, nutritional impairments (38%) or impact on work ability (52%) was available among patients with hypoPT.

Conclusion
HypoPT patients experience impairments in daily living and report unmet information needs. Patient and physician education regarding hypoPT is one of the key concepts for improving the management of patients with hypoPT.
Cobalt Combined with Potassium Humate as Beneficial Applications in Alleviating Water Stress Impacts on Groundnut During Sensitive Growth Stages
Authors: Elshamly Ayman M. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnhancing plant nutrition during critical periods of water stress is a paramount objective. As such, this study aims to examine the effects that arise from implementing water stress regimes during the sensitive growth phases of groundnut. Furthermore, we will explore the impact of applying cobalt and potassium humate individually or in combination, either through foliar application (KH-F) or soil amendments (KH-S), to mitigate the adverse effects on nutrient accumulation, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency (Iwue). A field experiment was conducted between 2021 and 2022 using a split-split plot design. In the main plots, an additional control of full irrigation requirement scheme (IR100) was implemented, along with three other schemes: the first involved applying 75% of the irrigation requirement during the development stage (IRD75), the second applied 75% during the flowering till pod stage (IRF75), and the third involved applying 85% from the development stage till the pod stage (IR85). In the subplots, cobalt was applied at rates of 0 and 7.5 mg l−1 to the plants. The sub-sub plots were further divided to investigate the effects of KH-F and KH-S. Plants that experienced water stress during the flowering stage were found to be more vulnerable. However, when treated with KH-S, there were significant improvements in yield compared to KH-F treatment. This effect was particularly pronounced under the IRF75 irrigation scheme. Interestingly, there was an antagonistic relationship observed between cobalt and iron or manganese, in contrast to other nutrients. When KH-S was applied in combination with cobalt, it showed the potential to enhance various characteristics and increase the uptake of iron or manganese. The highest yield, nutrient accumulation, and Iwue were achieved through the combined application of cobalt and KH-S, along with adopting the IR85% irrigation scheme.
How Much Information is Enough? Understanding the Alabama Supreme Court’s Expansion of the Causation Standard in Failure to Warn Claims
Authors: Herr Allison 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis RCD analyzes the Alabama Supreme Court’s recent answer to two certified questions sent to the court from the Eleventh Circuit. The questions involved whether a pharmaceutical company’s duty to warn included a duty to provide instructions about how to properly mitigate for warned of risks, and if the pharmaceutical company had such a duty could a plaintiff recover if their physician would have prescribed the same drug but just changed their monitoring scheme. The Alabama Supreme Court answered both questions in the affirmative, expanding the causation standard in failure to warn claims.
Hair and Hat Ritual Shaming Punishments in Nineteenth-Century Iran
Authors: Vejdani Farzin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article considers three temporary and reversible penal shaming acts in nineteenth-century Iran: the shaving or cutting of hair, irrespective of gender; the shaving or cutting of men's facial hair; and the forcible removal of headgear or the coerced wearing of silly headgear. Drawing on anthropological, historical, and sociological studies of hair, this study argues that hair and hat punishments embodied elements of ritual, sexuality, social control, and marginalization. In order to understand the meaning of these penal acts, the article looks at general taboos around hair and head exposure alongside licit and voluntary forms of cutting or shaving hair. Illicit sex, heresy, and alcohol consumption were recurring moral crimes most often associated with such forms of humiliating punishment. Since restoration of honor was not the sole prerogative of the government, these punishments were often carried out by those acting on behalf of a religious authority or individually and collectively by ordinary subjects outraged by a moral violation.
Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence
Authors: Sun Yun-Jun , Sahakian Barbara J. , Langley Christelle , Yang Anyi , Jiang Yuchao , Kang Jujiao , Zhao Xingming , Li Chunhe , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period. We investigated whether childhood reading for pleasure (RfP) was related to young adolescent assessments of cognition, mental health, and brain structure.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in a large-scale US national cohort (10 000 + young adolescents), using the well-established linear mixed model and structural equation methods for twin study, longitudinal and mediation analyses. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for potential causal inference was also performed. Important factors including socio-economic status were controlled.ResultsEarly-initiated long-standing childhood RfP (early RfP) was highly positively correlated with performance on cognitive tests and significantly negatively correlated with mental health problem scores of young adolescents. These participants with higher early RfP scores exhibited moderately larger total brain cortical areas and volumes, with increased regions including the temporal, frontal, insula, supramarginal; left angular, para-hippocampal; right middle-occipital, anterior-cingulate, orbital areas; and subcortical ventral-diencephalon and thalamus. These brain structures were significantly related to their cognitive and mental health scores, and displayed significant mediation effects. Early RfP was longitudinally associated with higher crystallized cognition and lower attention symptoms at follow-up. Approximately 12 h/week of youth regular RfP was cognitively optimal. We further observed a moderately significant heritability of early RfP, with considerable contribution from environments. MR analysis revealed beneficial causal associations of early RfP with adult cognitive performance and left superior temporal structure.ConclusionsThese findings, for the first time, revealed the important relationships of early RfP with subsequent brain and cognitive development and mental well-being.
The Sandringham Estate: the Prince of Wales’s 1862 purchase and implications for local people, wildlife and landscape
Authors: Jones Rachael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Sandringham Estate was purchased in 1862 by the Prince of Wales to be his home away from London. This article uses a variety of sources to chart the changes to the estate as the prince developed his new holding. The acquisition required staff at all levels and in many and varied roles, which gave opportunities to local people and to those who moved in from further away. The countryside changed dramatically too with new plantations of trees and significantly increased rearing of game birds. There were benefits for the local population in having a royal landlord but there was also tension related to the prince’s predilection for blood sports and his level of control. The hitherto nearly invisible lower ranks of staff on this royal estate come to the fore in this article, which is a striking example of ‘history from below’ set immediately beside the royal family.
Indian Animal Ethics
Authors: Adamson Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAncient India is famous as a home for the ethical concept of ahimsa, meaning ‘non-violence’. Among other things, this moral principle demanded avoiding cruelty towards animals and led to the widespread adoption of vegetarianism. In this article, it is argued that the reasoning which led the ancient Indians to avoid violence towards animals might actually provide a more powerful rationale for vegetarianism than the utilitarian rationale that is more prevalent among animal rights activists nowadays.
On the Remote Impacts of Mid‐Holocene Saharan Vegetation on South American Hydroclimate: A Modeling Intercomparison
Authors: Tiwari S. , Ramos R. D. , Pausata F. S. R. , LeGrande A. N. , Griffiths M. L. , Beltrami H. , Wainer I. , de Vernal A. , Litchmore D. T. , Chandan D. , Peltier W. R. , Tabor C. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProxy reconstructions from the mid‐Holocene (MH: 6,000 years ago) indicate an intensification of the West African Monsoon and a weakening of the South American Monsoon, primarily resulting from orbitally‐driven insolation changes. However, model studies that account for MH orbital configurations and greenhouse gas concentrations can only partially reproduce these changes. Most model studies do not account for the remarkable vegetation changes that occurred during the MH, in particular over the Sahara, precluding realistic simulations of the period. Here, we study precipitation changes over northern Africa and South America using four fully coupled global climate models by accounting for the Saharan greening. Incorporating the Green Sahara amplifies orbitally‐driven changes over both regions, and leads to an improvement in proxy‐model agreement. Our work highlights the local and remote impacts of vegetation and the importance of considering vegetation changes in the Sahara when studying and modeling global climate.
Reconstructing the Iberian Salt‐Bearing Rifted Margin of the Southern Pyrenees: Insights From the Organyà Basin
Authors: Casini Giulio , Vergés Jaume , Drzewiecki Peter , Ford Mary , Cruset David , Wright Wayne , Hunt David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReinterpretation of the Organyà Basin, based on new detailed field observations and subsurface data, emphasizes the key contribution of Upper Triassic evaporites in the tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the South‐Central Pyrenees. Results are integrated in a 65‐km long restored cross‐section through the Serres Marginals, Montsec and eastern Organyà salt‐related depocenters. The reconstructed part of the Jurassic–Cretaceous northern Iberian salt‐rich rifted margin shows a template characterized by inherited Permo‐Triassic basement normal faults and an initial salt thickness of 0.7 km to the south and 1.5 km to the north. The Organyà Basin is part of the South Pyrenean Diapiric Province, a large system of salt related depocenters and minibasins, that is limited to the north by the more than 120‐km long Senterada salt wall complex separating the supra‐salt and sub‐salt domains in the Southern Pyrenees. Three main stages of diapiric activity are recognized along the northern Iberian margin from Asturias to the Eastern Pyrenees: a Jurassic early salt mobilization; a latest Jurassic–middle Albian main diapiric evolution associated with rifting; and a Campanian–Miocene diapiric reactivation during basin inversion that produced salt welds and thrust welds and translated the salt province some 60 km to the south.
High‐Resolution Snowstorm Measurements and Retrievals Using Cross‐Platform Multi‐Frequency and Polarimetric Radars
Authors: Dunnavan Edwin L. , Carlin Jacob T. , Schvartzman David , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Bluestein Howard , Emmerson Samuel , McFarquhar Greg M. , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Yorks John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany studies have performed microphysical retrievals using radars of different frequencies, platforms, and methodologies. However, little is known about the consistency of retrievals derived from different radar platforms (i.e., airborne or spaceborne vs. ground‐based) and their methodologies. This study is the first to directly compare snow mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) retrievals from both nadir‐pointing airborne multi‐frequency radars and ground‐based polarimetric range‐height indicator radar scans along the same airborne flight track with a resolution of . Dm retrievals between each method produced mean absolute errors of 0.49, 0.74, and 0.93 mm where the largest differences were between the ground and aircraft retrievals. A triple‐frequency analysis suggests the possibility that snow aggregates were generally composed of needles. These results can be used as a benchmark for comparing retrieval methodologies and highlight the continued uncertainty regarding the optimal approach for ice microphysical retrievals.
Twilight Mesospheric Clouds in Jezero as Observed by MEDA Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS)
Authors: Toledo D. , Gómez L. , Apéstigue V. , Arruego I. , Smith M. , Munguira A. , Martínez G. , Patel P. , Sanchez‐Lavega A. , Lemmon M. , Tamppari L. , Viudez‐Moreiras D. , Hueso R. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Newman C. , Lorenz R. , Yela M. , Juarez M. de la Torre , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer instrument, on board NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, includes a number of sensors to characterize the Martian atmosphere. One of these sensors is the Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) that measures the solar irradiance at different wavelengths and geometries. We analyzed the RDS observations made during twilight for the period between sol 71 and 492 of the mission (Ls 39°–262°, Mars Year 36) to characterize the clouds over the Perseverance rover site. Using the ratio between the irradiance at zenith at 450 and 750 nm, we inferred that the main constituent of the detected high‐altitude aerosol layers was ice from Ls = 39°–150° (cloudy period), and dust from Ls 150°–262°. A total of 161 twilights were analyzed in the cloudy period using a radiative transfer code and we found: (a) signatures of clouds/hazes in the signals in 58% of the twilights; (b) most of the clouds had altitudes between 40 and 50 km, suggesting water ice composition, and had particle sizes between 0.6 and 2 µm; (c) the cloud activity at sunrise is slightly higher that at sunset, likely due to the differences in temperature; (d) the time period with more cloud detections and with the greatest cloud opacities is during Ls 120°–150°; and (e) a notable decrease in the cloud activity around aphelion, along with lower cloud altitudes and opacities. This decrease in cloud activity indicates lower concentrations of water vapor or cloud condensation nuclei (dust) around this period in the Martian mesosphere.
Oral pathogen aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing smooth muscle cell apoptosis and repressing macrophage efferocytosis
Authors: Xie Hanyu , Qin Ziyue , Ling Ziji , Ge Xiao , Zhang Hang , Guo Shuyu , Liu Laikui , Zheng Kai , Jiang Hongbing , Xu Rongyao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis imparting the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is partially due to the immune subversion of the oral pathogen, particularly the Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), by inducing apoptosis. However, it remains obscure whether accumulated apoptotic cells in P. gingivalis-accelerated plaque formation are associated with impaired macrophage clearance. Here, we show that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have a greater susceptibility to P. gingivalis-induced apoptosis than endothelial cells through TLR2 pathway activation. Meanwhile, large amounts of miR-143/145 in P.gingivalis-infected SMCs are extracellularly released and captured by macrophages. Then, these miR-143/145 are translocated into the nucleus to promote Siglec-G transcription, which represses macrophage efferocytosis. By constructing three genetic mouse models, we further confirm the in vivo roles of TLR2 and miR-143/145 in P. gingivalis-accelerated atherosclerosis. Therapeutically, we develop P.gingivalis-pretreated macrophage membranes to coat metronidazole and anti-Siglec-G antibodies for treating atherosclerosis and periodontitis simultaneously. Our findings extend the knowledge of the mechanism and therapeutic strategy in oral pathogen-associated systemic diseases.