bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Mowlavi N. , Holl B. , Lecoeur-Taïbi I. , Barblan F. , Kochoska A. , Prša A. , Mazeh T. , Rimoldini L. , Gavras P. , Audard M. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Nienartowicz K. , García-Lario P. , Eyer L. 
Published: March 2023

Context.GaiaData Release 3 (DR3) provides a number of new data products that complement the early DR3 made available two years ago. Among these is the firstGaiacatalogue of eclipsing-binary candidates containing 2 184 477 sources with brightnesses from a few magnitudes to 20 mag in theGaiaG-band and covering the full sky.Aims.We present the catalogue, describe its content, provide tips for its use, estimate its quality, and show illustrative samples.Methods.Candidate selection is based on the results of variable object classification performed within theGaiaData Processing and Analysis Consortium. Candidates are then further filtered using eclipsing-binary-tailored criteria based on theG-band light curves. To find the orbital period, a large ensemble of trial periods is first acquired using three distinct period-search methods applied to the cleanedGlight curve of each source. TheGlight curve is then modelled with up to two Gaussians and a cosine for each trial period. The best combination of orbital period and geometric model is finally selected using Bayesian model comparison based on the BIC. A global ranking metric is provided to rank the quality of the chosen model between sources. The catalogue is restricted to orbital periods larger than 0.2 days.Results.Of ∼600 000 available crossmatches, about 530 000 of the candidates are classified as eclipsing binaries in the literature as well, and 93% of them have published periods compatible with theGaiaperiods. Catalogue completeness is estimated to be between 25% and 50%, depending on the sky region, relative to the OGLE4 catalogues of eclipsing binaries towards the Galactic Bulge and the Magellanic Clouds. The analysis of an illustrative sample of ∼400 000 candidates with significant parallaxes shows properties in the observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as expected for eclipsing binaries. The subsequent analysis of a subsample of detached bright candidates provides further hints for the exploitation of the catalogue. We also address the observed lack of short-period (less than a day) systems in the Magellanic Cloud in comparison to Galactic systems. The orbital periods, light-curve model parameters, and global rankings are all published in the catalogue with their related uncertainties where applicable.Conclusions.ThisGaiaDR3 catalogue of eclipsing-binary candidates constitutes the largest catalogue to date in terms of number of sources, sky coverage, and magnitude range.
A composite energy harvester based on human reciprocating motion
Authors: Gu Xiangfeng , He Lipeng , Wang Hongxin , Sun Lei , Zhou Ziming , Cheng Guangming 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a piezoelectric electromagnetic composite energy harvester is studied. The device consists of a mechanical spring, upper and lower base, magnet coil, etc. The upper and lower bases are connected by struts and mechanical springs and secured by end caps. The device moves up and down under the vibration of the external environment. As the upper base moves downward, the circular excitation magnet moves downward, and the piezoelectric magnet is deformed under a non-contact magnetic force. Traditional energy harvesters have the problems of a single form of power generation and inefficient energy collection. This paper proposes a piezoelectric electromagnetic composite energy harvester to improve energy efficiency. Through theoretical analysis, the power generation trends of rectangular, circular, and electric coils are obtained. Simulation analysis yields the maximum displacement of the rectangular and circular piezoelectric sheets. The device uses piezoelectric power generation and electromagnetic power generation to achieve compound power generation, improve the output voltage and output power, and can provide power supply to more electronic components. By introducing the nonlinear magnetic action, the mechanical collision and wear of the piezoelectric elements during the work are avoided, so that the service life and service life of the equipment is extended. The experimental results show that the highest output voltage of the device is 13.28 V when the circular magnets mutually repel rectangular mass magnets and the tip magnet of the piezoelectric element is 0.6 mm from the sleeve. The external resistance is 1000 Ω, and the maximum power output of the device is 5.5 mW.
Structures of brain-derived 42-residue amyloid-β fibril polymorphs with unusual molecular conformations and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Lee Myungwoon , Yau Wai-Ming , Louis John M. , Tycko Robert 
Published: March 2023

Fibrils formed by the 42-residue amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42), a main component of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), are known to be polymorphic, i.e., to contain multiple possible molecular structures. Previous studies of Aβ42 fibrils, including fibrils prepared entirely in vitro or extracted from brain tissue and using solid-state NMR (ssNMR) or cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) methods, have found polymorphs with differences in amino acid sidechain orientations, lengths of structurally ordered segments, and contacts between cross-β subunit pairs within a single filament. Despite these differences, Aβ42 molecules adopt a common S-shaped conformation in all previously described high-resolution Aβ42 fibril structures. Here we report two cryo-EM-based structures of Aβ42 fibrils that are qualitatively different, in samples derived from AD brain tissue by seeded growth. In type A fibrils, residues 12 to 42 adopt a ν-shaped conformation, with both intra-subunit and intersubunit hydrophobic contacts to form a compact core. In type B fibrils, residues 2 to 42 adopt an υ-shaped conformation, with only intersubunit contacts and internal pores. Type A and type B fibrils have opposite helical handedness. Cryo-EM density maps and molecular dynamics simulations indicate intersubunit K16-A42 salt bridges in type B fibrils and partially occupied K28-A42 salt bridges in type A fibrils. The coexistence of two predominant polymorphs, with differences in N-terminal dynamics, is supported by ssNMR data, as is faithful propagation of structures from first-generation to second-generation brain-seeded Aβ42 fibril samples. These results demonstrate that Aβ42 fibrils can exhibit a greater range of structural variations than seen in previous studies.
Studying microdiachronic change with the Catalan Sign Language corpus
Authors: Barberà Gemma , Quer Josep 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Catalan Sign Language (LSC) corpus of the Catalan Academy of Sciences and Humanities, which is under development, includes annotated data from three different age groups of signers, and allows for the study of microdiachronic change, namely language change across generations. In this chapter, we focus on the differences observed in the use of referential expressions in anaphoric chains, by comparing the three age groups of signers as a window into the mechanisms of grammatical change in the visual-spatial modality. Specifically, classifiers and role-shift constitute the most common referential expressions for anaphoric links in maintenance contexts for all age groups, while bare nouns are the most common in reintroduction contexts, especially in terms of the younger generation.
Relativistic elasticity II
*
Authors: Beig Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper is based on a series of talks given at the Erwin Schr\odinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics (ESI) program on ‘Mathematical Perspectives of Gravitation Beyond the Vacuum Regime’ in February 2022. It is meant to be an introduction to the field of relativistic elasticity for readers with a good base in the mathematics of general relativity with no necessary previous of knowledge of elasticity either in the classical or relativistic domain. Despite its introductory purpose, the present work has new material, in particular related to the formal structure of the theory.
Imaging in lossy media
Authors: Kim Arnold , Tsogka Chrysoula 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the effects of absorption in the medium on synthetic aperture imaging. We model absorption using the loss tangent, which is the imaginary part of the relative dielectric permittivity, and study two cases: (i) the loss tangent is known and (ii) the loss tangent is unknown. When the loss tangent is known and used in Kirchhoff migration (KM), we find that images of targets are range-shifted by approximately a central wavelength so that their predicted locations are closer to the synthetic aperture than they actually are. In contrast, we find that when the medium is unknown, the KM image does not exhibit this range-shift. Hence, we determine that it is better to not make use of any knowledge of the absorption when imaging. Using a recently developed transformation of KM images, which we call reciprocal-KM (rKM), we achieve tunably high-resolution images of targets through adjusting the value of a user-defined parameter ε. When rKM is applied to an imaging region containing two targets, we find that their predicted locations shift, especially in range, but within a fraction of central wavelength of their true locations.
Wide temperature operation of piezoelectric sensors for detecting precursor levels in a canister
Authors: Yeo Jungin , Jeon Sangjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Liquid level detection using piezoelectric actuators and sensors is superior to other technologies in accuracy, stability, and durability. In the semiconducting industry, the accurate detection of precursor levels in a canister is directly connected to the quality of the atomic layer growth through chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition processes. However, the sensitivity of the level detection using piezoelectric devices often decreases at a specific temperature range, limiting the wide temperature operation of the canister. We demonstrate reduced sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensors due to a change in detuning frequency by temperature. A model with a simple harmonic oscillator exhibits the fundamental behavior of the actuator amplitude after a finite number of driving pulses. The impedance measurement of a sensor assembly demonstrated a significant shift in the primary resonance frequency due to a change in environmental temperature. By analyzing the simulation data, we established a temperature-dependent number of driving pulses that could extend the operating temperature of the piezoelectric actuators, which can easily be applied to a wide temperature operation for a canister.
A multi-stream multi-scale lightweight SwinMLP network with an adaptive channel-spatial soft threshold for online fault diagnosis of power transformers
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , He Yigang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fault diagnosis of power equipment is extremely crucial to the stability of power grid systems. However, complex operating environments, high costs and limitations of single-modal signals are the biggest bottlenecks. To this end,a multi-tream, multi-scale lightweight Swin multilayer perceptron (MLP) network (MLSNet) with an adaptive channel-spatial soft threshold is proposed in this paper. First, a Res2net-based feature-enhanced method is used to learn the correlated features of vibration and voltage multi-modal signals. Second, a novel MLSNet is designed to combine the benefits of Swin transformers with an MLP with a lightweight convolutional neural network and employs a staged model to extract various scale features. Third, an adaptive deep fusion approach employing a channel-spatial soft threshold module is used to integrate and recalibrate staged information at different scales. The overall accuracy of the proposed method can reach 98.73% in various experiments, potentially making it an effective method for online fault diagnosis of power transformers.
Validation of HDR brachytherapy doses in the treatment of keloid scars using the egs_brachy Monte Carlo application
Authors: Saikkonen Aleksi , Ojala Jarkko , Sipilä Petri , Boman Eeva , Keyriläinen Jani 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Radiotherapy is a well-known alternative in the treatment of keloid scars to reduce the recurrence of scars. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of dose delivered from a high-dose-rate (HDR) afterloaders in keloid scar brachytherapy using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and measurements. Approach. Treatment doses and central axis dose profiles were measured using radiophotoluminescence dosimeters and radiochromic films, respectively, with two HDR afterloaders, both using an Ir-192 source, in a phantom made of solid water and polycarbonate sheets. The nominal treatment dose calculated by the AAPM Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) dose model was set to 8.5 Gy at a distance of 0.5 cm laterally from the middle of the source line located in a plastic applicator simulating a 15 cm long surgically removed scar treatment with 30 equally spaced (0.5 cm) source positions. The dose profiles were measured at three different distances from the applicator and the absolute doses at four points at different distances. MC simulations were performed using the egs_brachy, which is based on EGSnrc code system. Main results. The measured and simulated dose profiles match well, especially at 10.0 mm (difference <1%) and 15.0 mm depths (difference <4%), and with a small dose difference at 5.0 mm depth (difference <4%). Point dose measurements agreed well in the dose maximum area (difference <7%) with the simulated dose profiles, although the largest difference near the edge of the profile was <30%. The dose differences between the TG-43 dose model and the MC simulation were small (differences <4%). Significance. Simulated and measured dose levels at a depth of 0.5 cm showed that the nominal treatment dose can be achieved with the utilized setup. The measurement results of the absolute dose agree well with the corresponding simulation results.
The elimination of an artifact in the FLURZnrc-derived electron-fluence spectrum close to the Spencer-Attix-Nahum cut-off Δ
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Sapra Balvinder K , Nahum Alan E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. An artifact in the electron fluence, differential in energy, Φ

E
, computed by the EGSnrc Monte-Carlo user-code FLURZnrc, was identified and a methodology has been developed to eliminate it. This artifact manifests itself as an ‘unphysical’ increase in Φ

E
at energies close to the production threshold for knock-on electrons, AE; this in turn causes an over-estimation of the Spencer-Attix-Nahum (SAN) ‘track-end’ dose by a factor ∼1.5, thereby inflating the dose derived from the SAN cavity integral. For SAN cut-off Δ
SAN
= 1 keV for 1 MeV and 10 MeV photons in water, aluminium and copper, with maximum fractional energy loss per step ESTEPE = 0.25 (default value), this anomalous increase in the SAN cavity-integral dose is of the order of 0.5%–0.7%. Approach. The dependence of Φ

E
on the value of AE (the maximum energy loss involved in the restricted electronic stopping power (dE/ds)
AE
) at or close to Δ
SAN was investigated; this was done for different values of ESTEPE. Main results. The error in the electron-fluence spectrum occurs when Δ
SAN is set close to or equal to AE; this error disappears (at the 0.1% level or better) if AE is set ≤ 0.5 × Δ
SAN. However, if ESTEPE ≤ 0.04 the error in the electron-fluence spectrum is negligible even when Δ
SAN = AE. Significance. An artifact in the FLURZnrc-derived electron fluence, differential in energy, at or close to electron energy AE has been identified. It is shown how this artifact can be avoided, thereby ensuring the accurate evaluation of the SAN cavity integral.
Modelling high-

Tc

electronics
Authors: Pegrum Colin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This Review examines methods to model Josephson devices such as arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and rows within two-dimensional superconducting quantum interference filters or SQIFs. The emphasis is on high temperature superconducting (HTS) devices, though the techniques apply for any operating temperature. The methods use freely-available and proven software to first extract all self and mutual inductances of the thin-film device, and then to incorporate these data, plus junction models and thermal noise sources into an equivalent circuit for Josephson simulation. The inductance extraction stage also estimates the effective areas of each loop in a structure and also the variation of inductance as temperature changes, due to the varying penetration depth. The final post-processing stage can yield current–voltage, voltage-field and field spectral density responses. The Review also touches briefly on the simulation of a simple model for a terahertz single-junction HTS mixer and also looks at the behaviour of typical hysteretic and non-hysteric HTS RF SQUIDs.
Dynamics of the pedestal in the recovery phase in EAST type-I ELM plasmas
Authors: Zhou H. , Xu Y. , Zhang T. , Cheng J. , Huang J. , Wang X.Q. , Liu H. , Liu H.F. , Zang Q. , Zhang X. , Tang C.J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak high-confinement mode plasmas, a low-frequency n = 1 magnetic coherent mode with frequency f = 20–50 kHz and a high-frequency mode with electromagnetic characteristics (HFEM, f ∼ 280 kHz) have been found between type-I edge localized modes (ELMs). Both the HFEM and the n = 1 mode are located in the pedestal region, but their radial locations seem to be somewhat different. It seems from the present data that the HFEM is closer to the maximum density gradient region, while the n = 1 mode may be closer to the separatrix. The experimental results demonstrate that the electron temperature recovers more rapidly than the pedestal density, and the n = 1 mode is excited in the pedestal after an ELM collapse. With the increase in the pedestal density, the HFEM appears and becomes dominant, while the amplitude of the n = 1 mode decreases significantly. The observations indicate that the HFEM may suppress the amplitude of the n = 1 mode. In the pre-ELM phase, the pedestal electron density and temperature are saturated, the characteristics of the HFEM show a significant change (a much broader frequency spectrum and reduced mode amplitude), and the n = 1 mode recovers again. Analysis using a wavelet bispectrum reveals that a nonlinear coupling between the n = 1 mode and the high-frequency magnetic fluctuations exists in the pre-ELM phase. The relations between the nonlinear mode coupling, the reappearance of the n = 1 mode and the ELM crash are discussed.
The potential impact of wildfire smoke on COVID-19 cumulative deaths in the San Diego-Tijuana border region
Authors: Schwarz Lara , Aguilera Rosana , Quiñones Javier Emmanuel Castillo , Aguilar-Dodier L C , Arellano García María Evarista , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
2020 broke records for the most active fire year on the West Coast, resulting in the worst air quality observed in decades. Concurrently, the public health threat of COVID-19 caused over 1 million deaths in the United States (US) and Mexico in 2020 and 2021. Due to the effect of air pollution on respiratory diseases, wildfire-specific particulate matter is a hypothesized driver of COVID-19 severity and death. Capitalizing on wildfire smoke that hit the San Diego-Tijuana border region in September 2020, we applied synthetic control methods to explore its potential differential role in affecting COVID-19 mortality on both sides of the border. Daily data on COVID-19 cumulative deaths for US counties were obtained from the CDC COVID tracker and data for Mexican municipalities was obtained from the Mexican Secretary of Health. Counties and municipalities with wildfire smoke exposure were identified using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hazard mapping smoke product (HMS); a day where 90% of the area was covered by smoke was considered exposed for the main analyses. Unexposed counties/municipalities were considered as potential controls. The San Diego-Tijuana border region was covered by dense smoke by the 7th of September; 707 COVID-19 deaths had occurred in San Diego and 1367 in Tijuana. While a slight increase in cumulative mortality was observed in San Diego, no change was found in Tijuana; neither estimate indicated a strong precise effect of wildfire smoke on COVID-19 mortality. We hope this study will serve as an illustration of how border contexts can be used to investigate differential vulnerability to wildfire smoke for infectious diseases. Examining the interactive effect of COVID-19 and smoke can help in recognizing the implications of these dual health risks which will be increasingly important as wildfires become more frequent and severe in the context of climate change.
Research progress in green synthesis of ammonia as hydrogen-storage carrier under ‘hydrogen 2.0 economy’
Authors: Li Ge , Ma Ziran , Zhao Jia , Zhou Jiali , Peng Shengpan , Li Yonglong , Wang Baodong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogen energy is characterized by its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, lack of carbon emissions and wide range of applications. However, its transportation and storage are challenges that limit further development of the hydrogen-energy industry. Ammonia is a carbon-free hydrogen-rich carrier. The storage of hydrogen in ammonia has unique advantages of high energy density, easy storage and transportation, reliable safety, a mature industrial foundation and no tail-end carbon emissions. However, industrial ammonia synthesis still heavily relies on the Haber–Bosch process, which accounts for significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the development of green and sustainable ammonia-synthesis methods is extremely important and urgent. Recently, ammonia-synthesis technologies such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis and biocatalysis have successfully produced ammonia from nitrogen and water, resulting in lower costs. The nitrogen-reduction-reaction conditions of these methods are mild and can be carried out under ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure with low energy consumptions. Meanwhile, these methods bypass the traditional hydrogen-production section and their routes are simpler. Therefore, these technologies can be used to flexibly integrate renewable energy, including intermittent renewable energy, to achieve distributed ammonia synthesis. These benefits contribute to both global energy and environmental sustainability goals. In this study, the mechanisms of ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions are reviewed and the technical difficulties of various catalysts for ammonia synthesis are summarized. Based on the optimization strategies reported for various catalysts, the high-performing catalysts reported for ammonia synthesis are reviewed and the developmental trend of this field has been forecasted.