bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Early Adulthood: Findings From Pelotas (Brazil) 1982 Birth Cohort
Authors: de Lucena Alves Charles Phillipe , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Lima Natália P. , Coenen Pieter , Horta Bernardo Lessa 
Published: July 2023

Background: The benefits of physical activity in health outcomes are well established. However, recent evidence suggests that benefits may differ by domain and population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prospective association of occupational (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: In 1982, the maternity hospitals of Pelotas were visited daily; those live births whose families lived in urban areas were evaluated, and their mothers were later interviewed (n = 5914). In the 2004/5 follow-up (23 y old), both OPA and LTPA were measured in 4295 participants using their respective sections of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In the 2012 follow-up (30 y old), the following cardiovascular risk factors were collected: high-density lipoprotein (in milligrams per deciliter), low-density lipoprotein (in milligrams per deciliter), triglycerides (in milligrams per deciliter), glucose (in milligrams per deciliter), and blood pressure (in millimeters of mercury). Multivariable linear regressions were performed to evaluate associations between OPA and LTPA with these specific cardiovascular risk factors. Results: In total, 3241 participants were analyzed. Our main findings suggest that there was no association between OPA and LTPA with high- and low-density lipoprotein. There were inverse associations between OPA and lower levels of triglycerides among males (β = −0.002; 95% confidence interval, −0.003 to −0.000) and positive associations between LTPA and higher levels of diastolic blood pressure among females (β = 0.111; 95% confidence interval, 0.005–0.216). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that there was no association, or association with limited clinical relevance, of OPA and LTPA with cardiovascular risk factors in early adulthood.
Re-evaluating the role of pilot trials in informing effect and sample size estimates for full-scale trials: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Ying Xiangji , Robinson Karen A , Ehrhardt Stephan 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSome have argued that pilot trials have little value for informing the expected effect size of a subsequent large trial. This study aims to empirically evaluate the roles of pilot trials in informing the effect and sample size estimates of a full-scale trial.MethodsWe conducted a search in PubMed on 19 February 2022, for all pilot trials published between 2005 and 2018 and their subsequent full-scale trials. We analysed the agreement in results by comparing the direction and magnitude of the effect size in the pilot trial and full-scale trial. Logistic regression was used to explore whether a significant pilot trial and other characteristics were associated with a significant full-scale trial.ResultsA total of 248 pairs of pilot and full-scale trials were analysed. Full-scale trials with a significant pilot trial were 2.72 times more likely to find a significant result for the primary efficacy outcome than those with a non-significant pilot trial (95% CI 1.52 to 4.86, p=0.001). The association remained significant irrespective of changes made to the trial design. In 73% of the pairs, the pilot trial produced a larger point estimate than the subsequent full-scale trial, but 87% of pairs had a 95% CI estimated by the pilot trial that covered the full-scale trial point estimate. Full-scale trials with a sample size estimated using the SD from the pilot trial were less likely to yield a significant result (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65, p=0.004).ConclusionPilot trials can provide strong signals on intervention efficacy. When determining the sample size for full-scale trials, using the CI bounds from the pilot trials instead of the point estimate may improve power estimation.
Global variability of influenza activity and virus subtype circulation from 2011 to 2023
Authors: Zheng Luyan , Lin Yushi , Yang Jing , Fang Kailu , Wu Jie , Zheng Min 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAlthough decreased influenza activity has been reported in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains unknown how global influenza activity has changed. We described the global variability of influenza activity and virus subtype circulation from 2011 to 2023 to prepare for the potential influenza outbreak with the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsInfluenza virological surveillance data between 2011 and 2023 were obtained from the WHO-FluNet database. We first calculated and compared the influenza activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For countries whose influenza activity has recovered, we also described changes in the duration of influenza epidemics. We then determined the proportion of influenza cases caused by the different influenza virus types.ResultsIn total, 73 countries with 2.17 million influenza cases were included. In the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased influenza activity was observed in all WHO regions. In 2022 and 2023, rebound in influenza activity was observed in all WHO regions, especially in Western Pacific Region. At the same time, a change in the duration of the influenza epidemic was observed in several Southern Hemisphere countries. Moreover, in all WHO regions, few B/Yamagata viruses were detected during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsLack of exposure to influenza will diminish population immunity and increase the severity of large epidemics on a future global resurgence. Ongoing monitoring of the changes in the duration of the influenza epidemic and circulation subtypes should be the focus of future work.
Comparison of drugs for active eosinophilic oesophagitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Barberio Brigida , Del Corso Giulio , de Bortoli Nicola , Black Christopher J , Ford Alexander C , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThere is currently no recommendation regarding preferred drugs for active eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) because their relative efficacy is unclear. We conducted an up-to-date network meta-analysis to compare proton pump inhibitors, off-label and EoE-specific topical steroids, and biologics in EoE.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Embase Classic and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 2023. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy of all drugs versus each other, or placebo, in adults and adolescents with active EoE. Results were reported as pooled relative risks with 95% CIs to summarise effect of each comparison tested, with drugs ranked according to P scoreResultsSeventeen RCTs were eligible for systematic review. Of these, 15 studies containing 1813 subjects with EoE reported extractable data for the network meta-analysis. For histological remission defined as ≤6 eosinophils/high-power field (HPF), lirentelimab 1 mg/kg monthly ranked first. For histological remission defined as ≤15 eosinophils/HPF, budesonide orally disintegrating tablet (BOT) 1 mg two times per day ranked first. For failure to achieve symptom improvement, BOT 1 mg two times per day and budesonide oral suspension (BOS) 2 mg two times per day were significantly more efficacious than placebo. For failure to achieve endoscopic improvement based on the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score, BOT 1 mg two times per day and BOS 1 mg two times per day or 2 mg two times per day were significantly more efficacious than placebo.ConclusionsAlthough this network meta-analysis supports the efficacy of most available drugs over placebo for EoE treatment, significant heterogeneity in eligibility criteria and outcome measures among available trials hampers the establishment of a solid therapeutic hierarchy.
Optimisation of mitochondrial function as a novel target for resuscitation in haemorrhagic shock: a systematic review
Authors: Cottey Laura , Smith J E , Watts S 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTraumatic injury is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and despite significant improvements in patient care, survival in the most severely injured patients remains unchanged. There is a crucial need for innovative approaches to improve trauma patient outcomes; this is particularly pertinent in remote or austere environments with prolonged evacuation times to definitive care. Studies suggest that maintenance of cellular homeostasis is a critical component of optimal trauma patient management, and as the cell powerhouse, it is likely that mitochondria play a pivotal role. As a result, therapies that optimise mitochondrial function could be an important future target for the treatment of critically ill trauma patients.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol to determine the potential role of mitochondria in traumatic injury and haemorrhagic shock (HS) and to identify current evidence for mitochondrial optimisation therapies in trauma. Articles were included if they assessed a mitochondrial targeted therapy in comparison to a control group, used a model of traumatic injury and HS and reported a method to assess mitochondrial function.ResultsThe search returned 918 articles with 37 relevant studies relating to mitochondrial optimisation identified. Included studies exploring a range of therapies with potential utility in traumatic injury and HS. Therapies were categorised into the key mitochondrial pathways impacted following traumatic injury and HS: ATP levels, cell death, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species.ConclusionThis systematic review provides an overview of the key cellular functions of the mitochondria following traumatic injury and HS and identifies why mitochondrial optimisation could be a viable and valuable target in optimising outcome in severely injured patients in the future.
AGATA: Nuclear structure advancements with high-energy $$\gamma $$ rays
Authors: Camera F. , Isaak J. , Maj A. , Siem S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh-energy$$\gamma $$γrays are emitted either in the decay of nuclear discrete states (generally located in the proximity of the particle-emission threshold) or in the electromagnetic decay of collective states. The branching ratio is rather small, therefore in alternative/coincidence with high-energy$$\gamma $$γrays one could have neutron or charged-particle emission. The precise measurement of these branching ratios allows a more comprehensive description of the nucleus and, in particular, the selection of the nuclear models which better describes the interplay between the different acting forces and couplings. In the case of the electromagnetic decay of collective states, the precise identification of the populated low-lying states allows the measurement of their wave-function and/or of their ‘bulk’ properties. This information provides, also in this case, a stringent test for the nuclear models. In both cases, to compensate these small branching ratio, a large number of detectors and an accurate selection of a small region of the phase space are needed. AGATA is considered to constitute an optimal array for this kind of measurements. In fact, AGATA, because of its high granularity and its excellent energy resolution, can detect the high-energy$$\gamma $$γrays emitted in a specific decay path or associated to specific reaction channels, shapes, deformations. In the introduction, some details on the measurement of high-energy$$\gamma $$γrays using HPGe detector are discussed. The sections of this paper focus on the measurements of high-energy$$\gamma $$γrays to obtain the photon strength function, the nuclear level density and to identify extreme shapes in highly excited nuclei.
Applying machine learning methods for the analysis of two-dimensional mass spectra
Authors: Gao Z. , Solders A. , Al-Adili A. , Beliuskina O. , Eronen T. , Kankainen A. , Lantz M. , Moore I. D. , Nesterenko D. A. , Penttilä H. , Pomp S. , Sjöstrand H. ,   the IGISOL team
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a measurement of isomeric yield-ratios in fission, the Phase-Imaging Ion-Cyclotron-Resonance technique, which projects the radial motions of ions in the Penning trap (JYFLTRAP) onto a position-sensitive micro-channel plate detector, has been applied. To obtain the yield ratio, that is the relative population of two states of an isomer pair, a novel analysis procedure has been developed to determine the number of detected ions in each state, as well as corrections for the detector efficiency and decay losses. In order to determine the population of the states in cases where their mass difference is too small to reach full separation, a Bayesian Gaussian Mixture model was implemented. The position-dependent efficiency of the micro-channel plate detector was calibrated by mapping it with $$^{133}$$

133

Cs$$^+$$

+

ions, and a Gaussian Process was trained with the position data to construct an efficiency function that could be used to correct the recorded distributions. The obtained numbers of counts of excited and ground-state ions were used to derive the isomeric yield ratio, taking into account decay losses as well as feeding from precursors.
Optical appearance of a thin-shell wormhole with a Hayward profile
Authors: Guo Sen , Li Guan-Ru , Liang En-Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe optical properties of a thin-shell wormhole (TSW) with a Hayward profile is investigated. Adopting the ray-tracing method, we demonstrate that the TSW’s contralateral spacetime is capable of reflecting a significant portion of light back to the observer spacetime. We analyze the effective potential, light deflection, and azimuthal angle of the TSW and find that these quantities are affected by the mass ratio of the black holes (BHs). Specifically, if the mass of the contralateral spacetime BH is greater than that of the original spacetime BH, and the impact parameter satisfies the condition $$Hb_{\textrm{c2}}<b_{1}<b_{\textrm{c1}}$$

H

b
c2

<

b
1

<

b
c1

, the trajectory of the photon exhibits round-trip characteristics. Assuming the presence of a thin accretion disk surrounding the observing spacetime BH, our results indicate that the image formed by the TSW exhibits additional photon rings and a lensing band compared to an image produced by a BH alone.
Structural control on a Ypresian karstic aquifer revealed by an integrated geophysical and geological approach: the Mateur imbricated thrust zone (northern Tunisia)
Authors: Elgattoussi Sourour , Melki Fetheddine , Gabtni Hakim , Booth Rea Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

We present a characterization of a poorly studied karstic aquifer, documenting the geometry, resistivity properties and the control of structural discontinuities that affect the Ypresian limestone cropping out in the Mateur imbricated thrust zone in northern Tunisia. The karst system was produced by meteoric diagenesis. Geophysical methods and field investigations were useful in extracting geological features. First, our findings suggest that N110–N140 directions are the preferred dissolution paths orientated parallel to strike-slip and extensional faults. Second, the gravity data analysis (regional–residual separation, horizontal gravity gradient and Euler deconvolution) show a particular tectonic node as a junction of the NE–SW and NW–SE directions. Third, 2D electrical resistivity models display various karstification typologies with high (>1000

Ω

m), medium (between 200 and 1000

Ω

m) and low (<100

Ω

m) electrical resistivity zones. These electrical resistivity models have contributed to the establishment of a conceptual structural model of the global karst features. Finally, 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and 1D time-domain electromagnetic analysis highlighted the presence of potential water zones integrated into the aquifer.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Karst: Characterization, Hazards & Hydrogeology collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/karst
Teaching the FATE Community about Privacy
Authors: Hong Jason I. 
Published: July 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Jason Hong finds many similarities between FATE (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, Ethics) and privacy.
The Ongoing Significance of Federalism to Australian Treaty Practice
Authors: Clough Georgina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article considers the significance of Australia’s federal constitutional structure to its relationship with international law. It focuses specifically on how Australia’s federal system continues to influence Australia’s ability to assume, implement and comply with international obligations, by considering a series of examples in which states and territories have acted inconsistently with those obligations. It argues that understanding the domestic legal framework that governs how a state interacts with international law, as well as the political and historical contexts that inform how that framework actually operates, allows for greater insight into how that state relates to the international legal system.
Assessing the Comparative Effects of Storm-Relative Helicity Components within Right-Moving Supercell Environments
Authors: Goldacker Nicholas A. , Parker Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Supercell thunderstorms develop low-level rotation via tilting of environmental horizontal vorticity (ωh) by the updraft. This rotation induces dynamic lifting that can stretch near-surface vertical vorticity into a tornado. Low-level updraft rotation is generally thought to scale with 0–500 m storm-relative helicity (SRH): the combination of storm-relative flow, |SRF|, |ωh|, and cosϕ (where ϕ is the angle between SRF and ωh). It is unclear how much influence each component of SRH has in intensifying the low-level mesocyclone. This study surveys these three components using self-organizing maps (SOMs) to distill 15 906 proximity soundings for observed right-moving supercells. Statistical analyses reveal the component most highly correlated to SRH and to streamwise vorticity (ωs) in the observed profiles is |ωh|. Furthermore, |ωh| and |SRF| are themselves highly correlated due to their shared dependence on the hodograph length. The representative profiles produced by the SOMs were combined with a common thermodynamic profile to initialize quasi-realistic supercells in a cloud model. The simulations reveal that, across a range of real-world profiles, intense low-level mesocyclones are most closely linked to ωh and SRF, while the angle between them appears to be mostly inconsequential.

Significance Statement
About three-fourths of all tornadoes are produced by rotating thunderstorms (supercells). When the part of the storm near cloud base (approximately 1 km above the ground) rotates more strongly, the chance of a tornado dramatically increases. The goal of this study is to identify the simplest characteristic(s) of the environmental wind profile that can be used to forecast the likelihood of strong cloud-base rotation. This study concludes that the most important ingredients for storm rotation are the magnitudes of the horizontal vertical wind shear between the surface and 500 m and the storm inflow wind, irrespective of their relative directions. This finding may lead to improved operational identification of environments favoring tornado formation.
Fostering Drivers’ Trust in Automated Driving Styles: The Role of Driver Perception of Automated Driving Maneuvers
Authors: Ma Zheng , Zhang Yiqi 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study investigated the impact of driving styles of drivers and automated vehicles (AVs) on drivers’ perception of automated driving maneuvers and quantified the relationships among drivers’ perception of AV maneuvers, driver trust, and acceptance of AVs. Background Previous studies on automated driving styles focused on the impact of AV’s global driving style on driver’s attitude and driving performance. However, research on drivers’ perception of automated driving maneuvers at the specific driving style level is still lacking. Method Sixteen aggressive drivers and sixteen defensive drivers were recruited to experience twelve driving scenarios in either an aggressive AV or a defensive AV on the driving simulator. Their perception of AV maneuvers, trust, and acceptance was measured via questionnaires, and driving performance was collected via the driving simulator. Results Results revealed that drivers’ trust and acceptance of AVs would decrease significantly if they perceived AVs to have a higher speed, larger deceleration, smaller deceleration, or shorter stopping distance than expected. Moreover, defensive drivers perceived significantly greater inappropriateness of these maneuvers from aggressive AVs than defensive AVs, whereas aggressive drivers didn’t differ significantly in their perceived inappropriateness of these maneuvers with different driving styles. Conclusion The driving styles of automated vehicles and drivers influenced drivers’ perception of automated driving maneuvers, which influence their trust and acceptance of AVs. Application This study suggested that the design of AVs should consider drivers’ perceptions of automated driving maneuvers to avoid undermining drivers’ trust and acceptance of AVs.
The What and the How: A pilot study of feedback from service providers and consumers about service development in new urban mental health hub
Authors: Wilhelm Kay , Short Brooke , Chiem Lyn , Son Hing Megan , Schiavuzzi Francesca , Evans Sean , Taylor Matt , Grant Pat 
Published: July 2023

Objective An inner-city hospital purchased a local hotel to provide support, digital engagement, skill development groups and referrals to partner agencies. Being aware of the hotel’s importance to the local community, we sought feedback on a model of care relevant to perceived gaps and needs in support for mental health. Methods Four online focus groups included healthcare professionals, nominated opinion leaders from local Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), consumers and carers to reflect a range of views. Focus group data were qualitatively analysed. Results Participants made useful suggestions about WHAT educational, preventative and therapeutic services were needed. They emphasised the importance of HOW people engage with the service, the balance between accessibility and security. Other themes included targeting people with limited health literacy, integration with existing services, building on site heritage and ongoing evaluation of objectives and needs. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated clear support for providing safe and welcoming access to services, with resources and access to services to improve their health and wellbeing built on principles of social justice and inclusion. Participants had constructive ideas of what was needed, and ongoing patient and public research is anticipated.