bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of high frequency Alfvén eigenmodes observed in ASDEX Upgrade plasmas in the presence of RF-accelerated NBI ions
Authors: Ochoukov R. , Sipilä S. , Bilato R. , Bobkov V. , Dreval M. , Weiland M. , Dendy R. , Faugel H. , Johnson T. , Kappatou A. , Kazakov Y. , McClements K.G. , Moseev D. , Salewski M. , Schneider P. , Team ASDEX Upgrade , MST1 Team EUROfusion 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High frequency Alfvén eigenmodes in the ion cyclotron frequency range are actively researched on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG). The general properties of this particular mode type are: (a) the mode is beam-driven and, if excited, can persist for the entire duration of the beam-on time window; (b) the mode is sub-cyclotron with the frequency ω ∼0.5ω
ci, where ωci corresponds to the on-axis cyclotron frequency of the beam ions; (c) the mode propagates in the counter-current/counter-injection direction; and (d) the field-aligned (∼toroidal) mode number is large: |n
//| ∼50. It has been observed on AUG that radio frequency- (RF)-acceleration of beam-injected ions at the 3rd cyclotron harmonic significantly expands the number of excited modes. In this work we demonstrate how this observation is consistent with the global Alfvén eigenmode (GAE) behavior. The RF-driven fast ion population is modeled using a combination of an orbit-following Monte Carlo code (ASCOT-RFOF) and an electro-magnetic wave code (TORIC). The application of this code combination is a first to model beam-ion RF-acceleration at the 3rd cyclotron harmonic. The RF-accelerated fast ion distributions are then used to analytically calculate anisotropy-driven mode growth rates. We see that the region of positive (unstable) growth rates is expanded by RF-accelerated fast ions in both the frequency and the mode number directions for the GAEs, consistent with the measurements. Although the compressional Alfvén eigenmode growth rates are also positive for our particular fast ion distributions, the growth rate values are ∼3 orders of magnitude lower. The plasma conditions on AUG are more destabilizing to the GAEs. Overall, our results are consistent with the observation of similar modes on other conventional tokamaks, namely JT-60U and DIII-D.
Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of GGBS Concrete
Authors: Shanmukh Bandaru Sri Sai , Sasirekha Bandaru Sri Veera Bhadra , Sampath Varikuti Raja Sai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) concrete is sustainable and also proven to show enhanced properties such as reduced heat of hydration, refinement of pore structure and increased resistance to corrosion and chemical attacks when compared with Ordinary Portland Cement concrete. Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and enhanced properties of the GGBS concrete are dependent on the proportions of GGBS and other elements in the mix. It is essential to accurately predict the UCS of the blended mix. Developments in computer hardware and the easy availability of research data made artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI & ML) prediction techniques feasible. In this study AI & ML techniques namely, linear regression, lasso regression and ridge regression are used to predict the UCS of GGBS concrete. Algorithms are trained using data collected from various standard publications. All data points are cleaned and then normalized with standard scalar function to avoid biased predictions. Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Coefficient of Determination for all three techniques are found to be almost identical. The above-mentioned AI & ML models have high prediction accuracy. Hence, based on the results AI & ML algorithms specified above can be reliably used in the above-mentioned GGBS concrete.
Thermal Analysis of Reinforced Beam-Column Joint
Authors: Agnihotri Utkarsh , Mishra Vinayak , Singh R. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In concrete structures, temperature changes can cause strains of the same order of magnitude as live and dead loads in some circumstances. When thermal expansion or contraction is controlled, thermal stresses are induced. This report discusses the performance of reinforced joints under thermal loading conditions. Here we analysed the variance in stress and deflection when the temperature increases. The joints are modelled in ETABS and imported into ANSYS for further thermal analysis. The aim is to evaluate the RC beam-column joints at high temperatures in transient response. The results discuss how RC joints respond to temperature variations. The deformations with temperature variation are examined at high-temperature conditions.
The Implications of Sustainable Fine Aggregate on Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review
Authors: Waliitagi Asha , Rathanasalam Vijaya Sarathy , Bramendra Kishore H R , chithambaram S.Jeeva 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Concrete that is self-compacting or self-consolidating is referred to as SCC with unique properties such as flowability, self-consolidation, and workability and it can be placed in any type of Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) work where reinforcements are congested and not able to do compaction. In this fast-moving modern era, the role of SCC is unavoidable. It is an advanced method of concreting and sustainable materials that can be utilized as an alternative to river sand or crushed stone sand which includes waste foundry sand, steel slag, stainless steel slag, and iron slag, among others. These materials are the product of industries and create dumping problems in the environment. These materials have a similar composition to fine aggregate there for can be replaced by some percentage with fine aggregate. To bring an alternative to existing river sand and to prevent sand mining In this novel paper detailed investigation has been made to review different sustainable material as fine aggregate and a critical review is done about the SCC features (fresh and hardened) produced using waste foundry sand, steel slag, stainless steel slag and iron slag respectively. In addition, mechanical properties along with microstructure studies of different sustainable fine aggregates are discussed. The optimum substitution rate for sustainable fine aggregate and its benefits are studied. All the alternative fine aggregate has made a significant impact on fresh and hardened properties. Due to their unique performance, various fine aggregates notably waste foundry sand, steel slag, stainless steel slag and iron slag can be employed in making SCC.
Effect of Base Isolation under Different Soil Conditions
Authors: Rajput Gautam , mishra Vinayak , Singh R. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Severe seismic activity is a cause of grave concern for all kinds of structures. In order to safeguard buildings from earthquakes we use novel techniques based on performance-based seismic design. The base isolation method is one such technique utilized to reduce the effect of large-scale vibration produced during a seismic vibration. In this paper, we analyze two models: the first G+6 building and the second G+18 building using Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB). The analysis is done using ETABS software and here we use the non-linear time history method. Using the soil intrinsic effects like flexibility and stiffness, this research considers variation in displacement, drift, and repositioning of the soil in accordance with IS code 1893:2016. A greater spectral displacement was detected in medium soil in a fixed base structure. The time period for Lead Rubber Bearing building is greater than the conventional building. Base shear is minimized in (LRB) Lead rubber bearings as compared to a conventional building.
Seismic response evaluation of waffle slab with and without bracing system using time history analysis
Authors: Singh Shivani , Mishra Vinayak , Singh R. P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the analysis and design of structures, seismic ground motion is a significant factor. Seismic criteria consideration is necessary for serviceability and feasibility of existing as well as new structures. Time History analysis is the one in which base is subjected to a specific ground motion and dynamic response of structure is analysed at each increment of time. The bracing system increases the structure’s resistance to lateral loads by transferring load from the frame to the braces. This study uses the ETABS software to do a time history analysis on a G+4 RCC building with a waffle slab and an X-type bracing system. For designing purposes, the IS 456-2000 code is thought about. According to IS 875-part 1, live loads are measured, and IS 1893-2016 earthquake analysis is carried out. For this structure, a number of factors are analysed, including storey drift, base shear, storey stiffness, and storey displacement, among others.
Comparative Analysis of Multistorey RCC and Semi-Rigid Steel Frame with Cross Bracings Subjected to Mainshock and Aftershock Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Srivastava Sharad , Srivastava Dinesh Narain 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strong Ground Motions have a significant impact on structural analysis and design. Seismic evaluation is deemed necessary for the quality, reliability, and feasibility of existing and developing structures. Earthquakes are even more disastrous when a mainshock is succeeded and preceded by aftershocks of higher magnitude. Most of the time, these aftershocks are ignored during analysis. In the last few decades, steel buildings have been crucial to the construction sector. On the other hand, RCC frames are commonly designed structures for commercial purposes and cost-effectiveness. IS 1893 (Part:1)-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures and IS 13920-2016 Ductile Detailing of RC Structures Subjected to Seismic Reactions are majorly used for Seismic Analysis. Steel bracings in the structural system increase the ductility and stiffness of the frame structure. That can be arranged in a variety of ways, such as X, diagonally, alternatively, V, inverted V, K, etc. Cross bracings are used in this paper for the design of a typical multi-story (G+9) semi-rigid steel frame and a typical RCC frame is designed of the same dimensions. Both the frames are modelled and compared using ETABS software and a static nonlinear Time History analysis is executed to examine the performance of both the frames under the Mainshock and Aftershock of Chamoli earthquake. The Mainshock and Aftershock results of the Chamoli earthquake are extracted from the Centre for Engineering Strong Motion Research Ground Motion Database. Base shear, joint displacement, kinetic energy, and story displacement are a few of the variables of Time History Analysis that affect how well a building performs during mainshock and aftershock earthquakes. When analysing the outcomes, it is important to take into account that each of these factors significantly affects how a building responds to seismic loads.
Estimation of Energy Absorption Capacity and Geotechnical Characterization of Silty-clay Soil Blended with Tire Fibres
Authors: Kumar Shiv Shankar , Shankar Mani 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents the compaction, consolidation, unconfined and confined characteristics of tire-fibre blended silty-clay at different investigating parameters. The compaction tests were performed to evaluate the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of soil-tire fibre mixture at different percentage of tire fibre (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight). It was found that with increasing the amount of tire-fibre MDD of mixture decreased significantly whereas, OMC increases marginally. Both, unconfined compression strength (UCS) and confined triaxial tests were performed on the soil-tire mixes specimen prepared at MDD and OMC. The result shows that with increasing percentage of tire fibre to the silty-clay soil, the ductility of the soil-tire mixture increases whereas; the maximum shear stress at the failure is reduced. Based on UCS tests, the Energy Absorption Capacity (EAC) of soil-tire mixture is increased increased by 55% at 10% of tire fibre, for strain rate of 1.25mm/min, whereas; on further increase in TF from 10% to 30%, EAC decreased by 44%, 32%, 52% at the shearing rate of 0.62mm/min, 1.25mm/min and 2.5mm/min, respectively. However, based on the confined triaxial test results, the angle of internal friction of soil-tire mixture decreases with increasing tire contents; whereas, cohesion decreased up to 10% of tire fibre and beyond that it increases. EAC was found to be increased up to 20% of the tire fibre and further addition shows reduction in energy absorption capacity.
Effect of NaOH Treated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Bottle Strips on Stabilization of Soil
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Mishra M.K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plastics such as polyethene bags, bottles, and so on are growing increasingly common as science progresses. The disposal of discarded material is a significant issue because most plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and unsuitable for combustion due to the emission of hazardous gases. By just using controlled compaction, soil stabilization enhances the engineering capabilities of weak sub-soils or the addition of stabilizing agents such as cement, lime, fly ash, bitumen, tar etc. But these additions have also been quite costly in recent years. This research report gives a thorough examination of the performance and effectiveness of waste plastic bottle strips in soil improvement. This waste plastic bottle is made of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). The size of PET plastic strips used in this study is not more than 5 mm in length and 2 mm in width. These strips were treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to perform the proper dispersion of PET bottle fibres in soil. Although sodium hydroxide is a noncombustible solution, it is a highly reactive substance. It interacts with PET strips to exhibit changes in its properties. This work comprises replacement of soil by NaOH treated PET bottle strips in the varying percentage of 0.75%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% and 4% by dry weight of soil sample and to find out the optimum percentage mix of PET strips. The strength and geotechnical property of soil mixed with NaOH treated PET strips was evaluated and compared with the strength of soil and non-treated PET strips mix. The result shows the benefit of adding NaOH treated PET strips over non-treated strips by improving the maximum dry density (MDD), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) value appreciably at an optimum mix of 1.5%. This soil stabilizing approach may be utilized efficiently to fulfil social and environmental problems. This exploratory inquiry would lead to the ecologically friendly management of this waste material.
Effect of subterranean levels on the dynamic response of RC-MRF buildings
Authors: Tadesse Z L , Padavala H K , Koteswara V R P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The dynamic response of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame (RC-MRF) building structures is mostly altered by the substructure system such as the type of foundations and features of subterranean levels, as well as subsurface soil conditions. The majority of low-to high-rise buildings, in urban areas, are designed with one or multi-level subterranean levels for parking and other services. However, many designers overlooked incorporating these subterranean levels and soils in the seismic resistance analysis assuming that the building is fixed at the ground surface. The present study assessed the effect of the subterranean levels on the dynamic response of RC-MRF buildings. Several two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear finite element seismic response analyses were carried out in ABAQUS software for medium-rise buildings without and with one to multi-level subterranean levels resting on a deep homogenous soft soil profile under the effect of strong seismic input motion. It was observed that the subterranean levels considerably alter the dynamic characteristics and demands of the building structures. Hence, explicitly incorporating the subterranean components and foundation soil during the seismic resistance design of building structures is important.
Impact on the Geotechnical Properties of Soil mixed with Terrazyme
Authors: Ranjan Rishi , Singh Rakesh Pratap 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The financial sustainability and serviceability of any project after standard performance are the most crucial requirements in emerging nations like India. Hence there is a need to find the best possible ways to satisfy the performance as well as economic criteria. The stabilization of soil with bio-enzyme is a revolutionary technique which becoming popular worldwide. Recently there are many bio-enzymes available for soil stabilization such as Fujibeton, renolith, Perma-Zyme, Terrazyme, etc. These enzymes have been proven to be very effective and economical as well as environment friendly in nature. The efficiency of bio-enzyme depends upon the amount of dosage, types of soil and curing period. One such type of bio-enzyme, Terrazyme has been used in the present work. This study shows the effect of Terrazyme on stabilization of soil. Including the improvement in unconfined compressive strength, shear strength and the Atterberg’s limits. The enzyme treated soil shows significant improvement in strength parameters of soil and little improvement in liquid and plastic limit of the soil.
Numerical Study on the Reduction of Dynamic Lateral Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall using Waste Tyre
Authors: Singh Vikash , Bano Samreen , Kumar Rakesh , Tripathi Vivek Kumar , Verma Anand 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The performance of retaining under various loading circumstances is dependent on the kind of backfills employed; nonetheless, several lightweight fill materials such as EPS geofoam, geoboard, fly ash, waste tyre (in various forms), and so on are widely utilised as backfill materials. The key benefits of adopting lightweight materials are a lower overall lateral force on the wall and lateral displacement of the retaining wall. Because of the growing number of automobiles, disposing of discarded tyres has become a major issue. Waste tyres are increasingly being utilised in geotechnical applications such as embankment fill, retaining walls, machine foundations, and bridge abutments. According to prior research, shredded tyre inclusion with soil is employed as backfill material for earth-retaining constructions.
The most important aspect of sectional design for retaining walls is the total lateral thrust. Literature indicates that the use of waste tyres in backfill decreases the overall lateral thrust whether used as sole backfill as tyre chips or a mixture of sand tyres or when used as a compressible inclusion between the wall and the backfill.
In the present work, a numerical simulation was conducted using OPTUM G2 (a computational tool based on finite elements) to examine the effect of discarded tyres as backfill material on the total lateral earth pressure for an 8-meter-high wall. Maximum surcharge pressure of 20 kPa is applied to the backfilling.
The use of discarded tyres as a backfill material significantly decreases total lateral earth pressure on the wall by 50-54% compared to walls backfilled with soil, according to the current study.
Strength and stiffness prediction models of expansive clays blended with sawdust ash
Authors: Alisha Shaik Subhan , Nagaraju T V , Murty Pilla Sita Rama , Sarma VVS , Sireesha Mantena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strength and stiffness characteristics are major concern for selecting any geomaterial. However, laboratory testing of these characteristics is time associated, laborious, and high cost. So, there is a need of intelligence tools to estimate the strength and stiffness of geomaterial. The impact of sawdust ash on the stiffness and strength properties of combined expanding clays is discussed in this research. The combined expansive clays underwent tests for California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), optimal moisture content, maximum dry density, plasticity characteristics (liquid limit and plastic limit), and differential free swell (DFSI). According to test results, adding more sawdust to the blended clays improves their performance. This study also investigates the artificial neural network (ANN) model that considers six input variables to forecast the CBR and UCS of blended clays. The findings demonstrate that the ANN model performs more accurately for the CBR and UCS models. This clever method may help manage the under- or overestimation of additive dosage and reduce project costs.
Assessment of Effect of Glass Fiber on the Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Vijay , Tiwari R.P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Black cotton soil (BCS) has now been declared as one of the poorest soil among all soils regarding civil engineering construction projects due to presence of its inherent clay mineral i.e. montmorillonite, which introduces undesirable shrinkage and swelling in the BCS. BCS should not be used directly in civil engineering projects because of its excessive volume change behavior. The sample of black cotton soil for the study has been collected from district Narsinghpur near the Bikrampur railway station, Madhya Pradesh, India. Evaluation of effect of glass fiber addition on the strength properties of BCS is described in this research article. Glass fiber acquires good properties such as stiffness, high strength, resistance and flexibility to chemical loss. Glass fiber has been mixed with oven dried BCS from 2% to 8% by its weight. Geotechnical properties are thoroughly investigated before and after treating the BCS sample by means of various laboratory tests. For both treated and untreated BCS samples, UCS testing was performed with varying curing time of 0, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. UCS value was found to be decreased due to water holding capacity of glass fiber. The laboratory findings indicate that for all additives, MDD and expansion ratio of the BCS decreases, whereas OMC and CBR value increases. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis has been conducted on untreated and glass fiber treated BCS samples to estimate change in microstructure and mineralogical composition.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of graphene nanoparticles on the strength of sandwich structures under low-velocity impact
Authors: Tavakol Mahdi Rezvani , Tooski Mahdi Yarmohammad , Jabbari Mohsen , Javadi Mehrdad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effect of graphene nanoparticles on the strength of a sandwich panel structure based on foam core, which is inspired by the microstructure characteristics of dragonfly wings, has been investigated experimentally and numerically under low-velocity impact. Sandwich panel structures are made of E-glass/epoxy layers, and different percentages of graphene nanoparticles and combined with their resin. Also, polyurethane foam was used for its central core. For numerical modeling, a nonlinear progressive damage model of composite and nano-composite shells is incorporated into the finite element (FE) code by VUMAT subroutine. The numerical results were compared with the collected experimental data and it shows that there is a good compatibility between them. To check the damage in the structures, the images of the cut view of the samples were taken from the damaged area, and the results were reported. In order to evaluate the distribution of graphene nanoparticles in the polymer structure, the manufactured samples were analyzed using the FE-scanning electron microscopy analysis device. It was concluded that this type of sandwich structure inspired by dragonfly wings can limit damage propagation and keep the rest of the structure healthy under low-velocity impact.