bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer by evaporation determines the effect of nasal phenazepam on thermal stress in rats
Authors: Ivnitsky Ju. Ju. , Vakunenkova O. A. , Krasnov K. A. , Gaft S. S. , Lapina N. V. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Thermal stress is an increase in body temperature due to the predominance of heat received from outside or released during metabolism over heat losses by the body. Heat production can be regulated using benzodiazepines in doses unattainable with a single intramuscular injection of their officinal preparations. In this study, this limitation is overcome using a prototype of the Phenazepam nasal spray (PNS) preparation, containing 170 mg of phenazepam in 1 mL of a non-aqueous solution.Objective. Experimental assessment of the PNS effect on the metabolic rate and thermal balance in thermal stress.Materials and methods. The effect of a single 10 μL PNS intranasal instillation on the external respiration intensity, oxygen consumption, as well as 10 μL PNS intranasal instillations at 0.5 h intervals on the dynamics of rectal temperature, body weight, and lethality in rats at an air temperature of 40 °C was studied.Results. PNS instillations reduced oxygen consumption by an amount sufficient to decrease body temperature by 0.3 °C in 0.5 h. PNS administration declined the rate of body temperature rise when placing rats in restrainers at an air temperature of 40 °C; however, PNS administration accelerated body temperature rise and increased lethality when placing rats in cages. Due to PNS, moisture loss by rats in cages decreased, judged by the dynamics of body weight.Conclusions. The study confirmed the prospects of PNS as a pharmacotherapy for heat stroke at a high relative humidity, exposure to insulating skin protectors, or with immersion hyperthermia. The possibility of the aggravating effect of PNS on human thermal stress in the absence of physical obstacles to heat transfer by evaporation requires additional verification.
Ayurvedic management of Alcohol Withdrawal: A Case Study
Authors: Acharjee Debaleena 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hazardous alcohol use accounts for 5.1% of the global disease burden, with 7.1% in males and 2.2% in females. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis, as well as other health issues like pancreatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and cancer. Withdrawal symptoms often accompany cessation. In Ayurvedic medicine, effective treatments for alcoholism and withdrawal symptoms (Madatyaya) are well-documented. Main clinical findings: In this case a 32 yrs old male patient presented with symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, nausea, restlessness, depression, headache and discomfort persisting for a duration of 15 days. The individual had developed a chronic dependency on alcohol over a span of 8 years, but ceased its usage 2 months ago as a result of concurrent health concerns. Currently, he is manifesting these symptoms as withdrawal symptoms. Diagnosis: Patient was diagnosed with Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Intervention: The patient had ayurvedic treatment including meditation, counselling, and the use of Kharjuradi mantha, Drakshasava, Sutashekhar rasa, Phalatrikadi kwath and Medhya yoga. Outcome: With improvement in the signs and symptoms of alcoholism, this therapy strategy aims to improve the patient's condition.
Pharmaceutical standardisation and analytical validation of Herbal formulation capsule - UNEX
Authors: Deshpande Sarang , Wanjari Anita , Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Patle Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

Standardisation and validation for herbal preparation using modern parameters of analytics are crucial in present era. Capsule Unex is one such formulation useful for renal diseases like urinary tract infections, renal stones, blood purifier etc. The study has been specifically performed on the latest scientific measures to ensure capsules quality standards and validate it analytically. Three batches of capsule Unex were manufactured and tested at Unijules Life Sciences Ltd. Nagpur (MS), India for organoleptic, physicochemical and physical characters, heavy metal, pesticide residue, microbial, fungal and mould limits, along with a chromatographic evaluation. All the parameters were checked against established analytical specifications and batch to batch variation was analysed. The capsule weighs of 500 mg with variation of defined limit ± 7.5 %, disintegration time (NMT 30 min), bulk density (0.71 to 0.81 g/ml), loss on drying (NMT 10 % w/w), pH (4 to 6), percentage total ash (NMT 16.3 %w/w), percentage acid insoluble ash (NMT 5.1 %w/w), percentage water soluble extractives (NLT 26.0 %w/w), percentage alcohol soluble extractives (NLT 11.6 %w/w). Fingerprinting assay revealed Rf values of Gokshura and Punarnava at 254 and 366 nm as described in API. Capsules were observed free from heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury; pesticide namely organochlorine, organo-phosphorous and pyrethroids, microbes like Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Samnonella, Staphylococcus, Psedomonas aeruginosa, aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B1+B2+G1+G2 free. Total microbial, yeast and mould count was within the prescribed limits indicating good manufacturing practices. This study reveals the manufacturing of capsule Unex does complies API standards of raw material and in-house standards of capsule Unex specifications and will serve as therapeutically safe and efficacious formulation.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Ghee: Insights from Ayurvedic Texts and Contemporary Research
Authors: Devaraji Mahalakshmi , Ravikumar Lokeshvar , S Yokesh , Kumar Sathish , B Jalaniy 
Published: January 2025

Background: Recent research has brought attention to the bioactive properties of dairy fats, leading to a shift in the scientific community’s perspective. Ghee, a clarified butter integral to Indian culture and cuisine, has been extensively documented in Ayurveda for its therapeutic benefits. Objective: To examine the health benefits of ghee as described in Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific literature, identifying areas of alignment and divergence. Methods: Ayurvedic Review: Analysis of 11 classical texts spanning 3000+ years, identifying 4000 references to milk derivatives, including 774 mentions of ghee. Benefits were categorised into 15 clusters. Modern Literature Review: Examination of studies published between 1990 and 2023, focusing on ghee’s therapeutic applications. Results: Ayurvedic Insights: Ghee is highlighted for cognitive enhancement, gastrointestinal health, and nourishment, with 2913 references to the benefits of milk derivatives. Modern Insights: Research primarily emphasises ghee’s role in wound healing, skin health, and cardiovascular benefits. Discussion: Ayurvedic and modern perspectives offer complementary insights. While modern science has explored ghee’s topical and cardiovascular applications, Ayurveda underscores its systemic benefits, including cognitive and digestive health. Conclusion: The integration of Ayurvedic knowledge and modern science could unlock ghee’s therapeutic potential, addressing chronic and age-related diseases. Future interdisciplinary research is crucial for validating traditional applications and discovering innovative treatments.
Evaluating the Impact of Little Millets on Glycaemic Control and Metabolic Health in Individuals with Diabetes: An Analytical Study
Authors: Kumari Priya , Kushwaha Renu , K Rama Chandra Reddy , Kumari Nishi 
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that carries serious health hazards. Diabetics can attain sufficient glycemic control with the aid of weight loss, exercise, oral glucose-lowering medications, and a healthy diet. The numerous antioxidant components found in millets, such as phenolic flavonoids, are crucial for regulating the body's glucose levels. Antioxidant elements found in millet include phenolic flavonoids, which are crucial in preventing and treating lifestyle diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. Using conventional analytical techniques, the chemical composition of the little millet grain was ascertained through observation and analysis. The analytical study reveals that the little millet is slightly yellow colour with a smooth texture and slightly bitter taste, the moisture content of Little millet is 11.24%, the mean time taken by the sample to dry up to the successive loss of <0.01 is 27.67min, the total ash value of Little Millet is 56.77%, the mean acid insoluble ash of Little millet is 27.89, the mean water-soluble ash of little millet is 41.22, Alcohol soluble extract of little millet is 0.45 %, Water soluble extract of little millet is found to be 9.938% and the pH of little millet is 6. FTIR study confirms the presence of compounds with functional groups such as Carboxylic acid, Alkenes, Aliphatic amine, Aromatics, and Alkyl halides.
Concept of Kala: Ayurvedic & Modern Perspective
Authors: Fulara Sakshi , Devi Pal Ragini , Kumar Nishant , Lakshmi  , KN Singh 
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda, much like an ocean, offers an endless horizon of topics that remain unresearched and full of potential. Rachana Sharir is one of the fundamental part of Ayurveda that deals with the different structures of human body like Asthi, Sandhi, Twacha, different Indriya and Kala etc. ‘Kala Sharir’ is one such important concept that requires a comprehensive understanding, despite the limited descriptions provided in our classical texts. Kala is a limiting membrane act as boundaries between the tissues (Dhatus)and their respective organs or cavities (Ashayas). Kala was first time described by Acharya Sushruta in the “Sushrut Samhita Sharir Sthana”. Comprehensive study of Kala Sharir will definitely aid important information in better understanding of human body anatomy as well as physiology. Through this Article, we are trying to explore, that how the concept of kala can be integrated with modern medical practices for a more holistic approach to diagnostic or treatment modalities. This will help to shed light on the topic and make it easier to understand its usefulness in Medical Science.
Finger Millet: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rai Ashish Kumar , Rajesh Saroj Adittya , K Ramachandra Reddy 
Published: January 2025

This review aims to evaluate the nutritional and health benefits of Finger millet, as well as its production and utilization. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), also known as ragi or mandua, is one of the key millets cultivated widely across various regions of India and Africa. It is a highly nutritious grain, rich in calcium, dietary fibre, iron, protein, antioxidants, and vitamins. Thanks to its nutrient density, it aids in managing diabetes, preventing osteoporosis, improving digestion, and supporting weight loss. Agriculturally, finger millet is a resilient crop, thriving in drought conditions with minimal input, contributing to sustainable farming practices. Its adaptability and low resource needs make it valuable for climate-resilient agriculture. Known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, finger millet may also help in preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The production of rice influences the consumption of millet in India. Millets offer exceptional nutraceutical properties and exhibit resilience to adverse climatic conditions, which can contribute to food and nutritional security in the modern era. This review synthesizes current research on the health-promoting properties of finger millet, including its potential to combat lifestyle diseases. Overall, this review highlights the multifaceted importance of finger millet as a nutritionally dense, environmentally sustainable, and health-promoting crop, advocating for its wider inclusion in both rural and urban diets as a response to contemporary food security and health challenges.
An Ayurvedic Approach to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: A single patient study
Authors: Haridas Aswin , Radhakrishnan Akhi 
Published: January 2025

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is benign enlargement of adenomatous part of prostate gland. It is present in patient in the 5th or 6th decade of the lives due to changes in the hormonal patterns in adult males chronic cripples the day to day activities. This is a case report of a 55 year male patient who presented with increased frequency of urination since past 5 months. Considering the symptom complex the case was diagnosed as a case of Vata astheela. The a course of ayurvedic medication such as Chandraprabha vati, Mustadi kalpa as internal medicine and lifestyle changes were advised for 4 months followed by a review after 7 months. The patient was also scored on measuring guidelines of which were seen to be promising.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA (POKDARWIS) KETUNJUNG DESA SUMBER HARAPAN
Authors: Fathushahib Fathushahib , Usman Muhammad , Akbari Fiqih , Salahudin Salahudin 
Published: January 2025

Pemanfaatan digital marketing pada era industri 4.0 dapat dijadikan alternatif strategi dalam pemasaran produk agar memudahkan pelaku usaha memantau dan menyediakan kebutuhan serta keinginan calon konsumen, Terutama pada situasi Covid-19 seperti saat ini, Sektor ekonomi mengalami banyak gejolak. Semenjak peraturan pemerintah menerapkan aturan pembatasan aktifitas social diluar rumah dan dilarang untuk berkegiatan yang melakukan atau mengundang kerumunan warga. Akibatnya roda perputaran perkeonomian pun menjadi kacau, dan tidak sedikit pula yang sangat susah untuk menyesuaikan termasuk pengrajin Tenun Songket di Pokdarwis Ketunjung Desa Sumber Harapan Kabupaten Sambas. Permasalahan di desa Sumber Harapan terkait wisata adalah belum adanya website wisata yang berkualitas, menarik, serta informatif, yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan potensi wisata desa tersebut. Pengembangan aspek unggulan desa membutuhkan sarana dan prasarana yang tepat guna sekaligus efektif untuk digunakan. Sebuah sarana teknologi seperti website desa wisata dapat membantu mengembangkan potensi pariwisata desa sekaligus dapat menjadi sarana promosi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelatihan pengembangan dan penggunaan website desa wisata sebagai media pengenalan potensi wisata oleh Pokdarwis Ketujnjung desa Sumber Harapan. Target luaran yang diharapkan adalah berkembangnya website desa sebagai sarana promosi pariwisata serta peningkatan pengetahuan keahlian kelompok sadar wisata (Pokdarwis) Ketunjung dalam pengelolaan website desa wisata.
Flint during the Model Cities Era
Authors: Davis Katrinell M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The efforts to forge inter-racial coalitions in Flint are chronicled in this chapter. Davis provides evidence of the ways in which Model City initiatives failed to promote social fairness, infrastructure development, and economic stability in Flint. It foreshadows the end of progress in attempts to construct the city’s infrastructure and the breakdown of relations between citizens and city officials, while also offering the possibility of fresh beginnings in the fields of urban development.
Turning a Cold Shoulder
Authors: Davis Katrinell M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins by outlining Flint’s past challenges with contaminated public water before addressing the city’s current problems with water quality and expenses. Davis then calls attention to the efforts of local authorities and regulatory bodies to conceal the effects of the water source change. Davis also demonstrates the tremendous efforts made by community leaders and groups to draw attention to the community’s worries about the expense and quality of the water, in spite of efforts by local and state officials to persuade the public that the water was safe.
A Tale of Two Flints
Authors: Davis Katrinell M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, Davis focuses on the divergent views that Flint’s citizens held prior to their being able to obtain independent proof of water contamination. There were those on one side of the debate who thought the water situation was a serious problem. On the other hand, several locals thought the water situation was overstated and did not consider it to be a serious threat right now. Her first interview was with Bill Hammond, the head of the neighborhood organization Flint Neighborhoods United. Melissa Mays, the creator of Water You Fighting For, was the subject of the second interview. While Mays talked about the problems with the health of the populace, the rising cost of water, and her dissatisfaction with the lack of community support, Hammond believed the problem was overexaggerated to overshadow the already existing issues within the city.
Free Joan Little
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1974, Joan Little, a poor, young Black woman faced a possible death sentence after defending herself against sexual assault by a white male jailer in a rural North Carolina jail. Local and national figures took up Little’s case, protesting her innocence. After a five-week trial Little was acquitted. But the case stirred debate about a woman’s right to use deadly force to resist sexual violence; and it shone a light on racially discriminatory jury selection and capital punishment practices. Through the prism of Little’s rape-murder trial and the Free Joan Little campaign, this book explores the intersecting histories of African American women, mass incarceration, sexual violence, and social movements of the 1970s and 1980s. The book argues that Little’s circumstances and experiences in the criminal legal system prior to her celebrated victory in the rape-murder trial were shaped by unprecedented increases in federal financing of local law enforcement and a decades-long criminalization of Blackness. The book also reveals tensions among Little’s defenders; the emergence of multi-racial coalitions to combat sexual violence; and uncovers Black women’s intersectional politics which linked women’s prison protest and anti-rape activism with broader struggles for economic and political justice.
Joanne Is You … Joanne Is Me!
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores competing representations of Joan Little and Black womanhood more generally by Little’s defense attorneys Jerry Paul and Karen Galloway (Bethea-Shields) both inside and outside the courtroom; by the prosecution; and by Little’s broad array of supporters and detractors. Little’s attorneys turned to respectability politics and invoked the legendary Rosa Parks, while others crafted a universal Everywoman to build broad support for Little’s defense. Even artists lent their efforts, including the Black women’s a cappella group, “Sweet Honey in the Rock,” which released a fundraising recording, “Joanne Little.”
The Police Would Follow Our Van as We Picked Up Kids
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores Black Power and the expansion of the prison movement in the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on Larry Little (no relation to Joan Little), founder of the Winston-Salem, North Carolina Black Panther Party and a leader in the Free Joan Little Campaign. The chapter examines how the historic “condemnation of blackness” was recast in “tough on crime” rhetoric and harsh penal policies reflected in the 1965 Law Enforcement Assistant Act (LEAA); and the FBI’s Counter-Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO) which often worked with local police in North Carolina and across the country to illegally target Black Power groups and civil rights activists. The emergence of the prison abolition movement in the 1970s; key U.S. Supreme Court cases and legislation including the Ruiz v. Estelle case; the Furman v. Georgia decision; and the 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act are also addressed. Following the Furman decision, North Carolina amended its capital punishment statute in 1973 to mandate the death penalty for all first-degree murder convictions. Under the revised statute, Joan Little would have faced mandatory execution in the state’s gas chamber had she been convicted.
Slaves of the State
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the rise of 1960s-1980s prison activism, with a focus on the 1968 deadly prisoner protest at the men’s Central Prison in Raleigh, N.C.; the formation of the multi-racial North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union (NCPLU), the first such group in the South, and the North Carolina Coalition Against the Death Penalty; the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression demonstration outside Central Prison; and the 1977 U.S. Supreme Court Jones v. NCPLU decision that hastened the NCPLU’s demise. Justice Thurgood Marshall’s dissent called the majority ruling a reaffirmation of the “discredited” 1871 Ruffin v. Commonwealth case in which a Virginia court ruled that prisoners were “slaves of the state” and entitled to few rights. While most media and scholarly attention has highlighted men’s prison protest, women prisoners rebelled too. Women on both sides of the prison walls also supported male prisoners, especially high-profile political prisoners such as George Jackson, and men’s prison uprisings, particularly the 1971 Attica Prison revolt, which often inspired their own efforts. Two “free” women, Robbie Purner and attorney Deborah Mailman, were indispensable to the NCPLU; and the NCPLU newsletter, edited by Purner, publicized Joan Little’s case and conditions at other women’s prisons.
We Will Savor the Sweetness of Freedom
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter examines prison writing, especially by ordinary women prisoners, and the power of the word to enhance prisoner communication, politicization, and protest. While most analyses of Black prisoner intellectuals and writers have focused on men, from Martin Luther King Jr. to George Jackson, or on national female figures like Angela Davis, ordinary women, like Joan Little and the NCCCW prisoners, also put pen to paper. The chapter surveys the history of U.S. prison writing; the rise of prison libraries in the 19th century; the mid-20th century bibliotherapy movement; prison censorship; and the important role of print culture - especially radical African American newspapers, and prison, feminist, and lesbian publications - in prison organizing in the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the 1976 prisoner publication, Break de Chains of Legalized U$ Slavery, which featured sketches, poems, and political analyses by incarnated women at the North Carolina Correctional Center for Women.
The 1994 Crime Bill and the Violence Against Women Act
Authors: Greene Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The epilogue returns to the unlikely comparison between Joan Little and Rosa Parks, revealing some surprising commonalities between them. Twenty years after Little’s indictment on first degree murder charges, Congress passed the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which included the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). Despite the VAWA’s groundbreaking benefits for women, Black women and other feminists then and more recently have critiqued this legislation, especially the Crime Bill’s dire impact on the mass incarceration of Black and brown bodies already underway, and the “unintended consequences” of the VAWA. The epilogue summarizes the Prison Rape Elimination Act; North Carolina’s Racial Justice Act; and recent activities of the women featured in the book. It notes some of the current struggles across the country against an expanding carceral state, especially among Black female prison abolitionists, who frequently link the battle against sexual violence to other forms of state violence. These efforts are considered within the context of rising anti-democratic, racist, and misogynist forces that imperil the future of the nation’s admittedly flawed democratic institutions. Nevertheless, a new generation, in partnership with seasoned activists, remains undeterred, embraces radical hope, and beckons us with ever-bolder dreams of freedom.