bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populism, jihad, and economic resistance: Studying the political discourse of Iran's supreme leader
Authors: Bazoobandi Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolitical leaders of pariah authoritarian states communicate their political discourse unilaterally, in a closed environment without free and open media access or the space for public scrutiny or debate. They use their speeches for various aims such as to respond to external shocks, justify hardship, appeal to domestic and international sympathy, assert autonomy and power, and influence policy and governance. This research uses Iran as a case study and offers an in‐depth analysis of 10 years of speeches by the country's Supreme Leader. In a case study of unilateral political communication method in an authoritarian environment, it sheds light on various aspects of the discourse generated by the country's Supreme Leader over a decade. It also analyzes the Leader's effort to influence policymaking and governance structure through practical official guidelines. Building upon existing theories of populism, the study seeks to unpack an understudied approach in populist politics that is based on a political discourse by the leadership which defines the populist dichotomy of people versus elite at the global level.
Regional deterrence, strategic challenges, and Saudi Arabia's missile development program
Authors: Pirsalami Fariborz Arghavani , Shirzadi Ehsan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe turbulent security environment of the Middle East has been the most crucial factor influencing the behavior of governments in this region. Saudi Arabia, as one of the most important countries in the area, has embarked on a nontransparent effort to develop its missile program in recent decades, raising significant concerns about the security of the Middle East. This article adopts the regional deterrence approach and strategically examines the various dimensions of Saudi Arabia's missile program to explain the driving factors behind its development. The research argues that the regional deterrence concept has been the primary impetus pushing Saudi Arabia to invest in its missile program, aiming to counter strategic challenges at the regional level. The findings indicate several key drivers motivating Riyadh, including the development of missile programs by Iran and Turkey, the balance of power concerning Israel, responses to transformational discourses, offering alternatives to expansionist approaches in the region, addressing Iran's nuclear program, and the desire to reinforce regional deterrence capabilities. Understanding these factors sheds light on Saudi Arabia's trajectory towards strengthening its missile program and its strategic outlook in the Middle East.
4‐Phenylbutyrate promoted wild‐type γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor trafficking, reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitigated seizures in Gabrg2+/Q390X mice associated with Dravet syndrome
Authors: Shen Wangzhen , Flamm Carson , Delahanty Aiden J. , Casteel Emmett , Biven Marshall , DeLeeuw Melissa B. , Poliquin Sarah , Nwosu Gerald , Randhave Karishma , Kang Jing‐Qiong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveγ‐Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subunit gene mutations are major causes of various epilepsy syndromes, including severe kinds such as Dravet syndrome. Although the GABAA receptor is a major target for antiseizure medications, treating GABAA receptor mutations with receptor channel modulators is ineffective. Here, we determined the effect of a novel treatment with 4‐phenylbutyrate (PBA) in Gabrg2+/Q390X knockin mice associated with Dravet syndrome.MethodsWe used biochemistry in conjunction with differential tagging of the wild‐type and the mutant alleles, live brain slice surface biotinylation, microsome isolation, patch‐clamp whole‐cell recordings, and video‐monitoring synchronized electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in Gabrg2+/Q390X mice to determine the effect of PBA in vitro with recombinant GABAA receptors and in vivo with knockin mice.ResultsWe found that PBA reduced the mutant γ2(Q390X) subunit protein aggregates, enhanced the wild‐type GABAA receptor subunits' trafficking, and increased the membrane expression of the wild‐type receptors. PBA increased the current amplitude of GABA‐evoked current in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and the neurons bearing the γ2(Q390X) subunit protein. PBA also proved to reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by the mutant γ2(Q390X) subunit protein, as well as mitigating seizures and EEG abnormalities in the Gabrg2+/Q390X mice.SignificanceThis research has unveiled a promising and innovative approach for treating epilepsy linked to GABAA receptor mutations through an unconventional antiseizure mechanism. Rather than directly modulating the affected mutant channel, PBA facilitates the folding and transportation of wild‐type receptor subunits to the cell membrane and synapse. Combining these findings with our previous study, which demonstrated PBA's efficacy in restoring GABA transporter 1 (encoded by SLC6A1) function, we propose that PBA holds significant potential for a wide range of genetic epilepsies. Its ability to target shared molecular pathways involving mutant protein ER retention and impaired protein membrane trafficking suggests broad application in treating such conditions.
Neuropsychological tests used for dementia assessment in Japan: Current status
Authors: Maeshima Shinichiro , Osawa Aiko , Kawamura Koki , Yoshimura Takako , Otaka Eri , Sato Yayoi , Ueda Ikue , Itoh Naoki , Kondo Izumi , Arai Hidenori 
Published: September 2023

AimThis study aimed to investigate the assessment tools dementia specialists use in clinical practice, reasons for their use and assessment‐related factors.MethodsA questionnaire survey was carried out from 15 September 2021 to 20 October 2021 among 1858 dementia specialists in Japan, with responses obtained via mail or using a Web form accessed via a Web address.ResultsOf the 1858 specialists who were sent the questionnaire, 574 responded, yielding a response rate of 32.2%. Almost all respondents stated that the main purposes of neuropsychological testing were to identify the pathophysiology and aid diagnosis. Most respondents identified behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia as important factors for assessment. The most commonly used tests were the Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised and Mini‐Mental State Examination, often used as screening tools. The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing Test and Cube Copying Test were common assessments carried out directly by specialists. Quality of life and burden of care were less commonly assessed.ConclusionsDespite the main purpose of carrying out neuropsychological tests on dementia patients is to “understand the pathophysiology” and “aid in diagnosis,” many assessment methods were chosen as screening methods carried out in a short time during clinic hours. The lack of evaluation of care burden and QOL, considered important by specialists, is an issue for the future in treating people with dementia, a life disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 102–109.
Extrauterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumour and its somatic carcinoma mimics: short tandem repeat genotyping meets the diagnostic challenges
Authors: Niu Na , Ordulu Zehra , Burak Zeybek , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei 
Published: September 2023

AimsWhile epithelioid trophoblastic tumour (ETT) primarily arises from the uterus, cases have been increasingly documented at extrauterine sites, originating from an ectopic gestation or presenting as a metastatic tumour, leading to the major differential diagnosis of somatic carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation. The precise separation of a gestational trophoblastic tumour from its somatic carcinoma mimics is highly relevant and crucial for patient management and prognosis.Methods and resultsWe summarise the clinicopathological and molecular features of four challenging epithelioid malignancies presenting at extrauterine sites, with ETT as the main differential diagnosis. All four tumours demonstrated histological and immunohistochemical features overlapping between a somatic carcinoma and an ETT, combined with inconclusive clinical and imaging findings. Serum beta‐hCG elevation was documented in two cases. Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping was performed and was informative in all cases. The presence of a unique paternal allelic pattern in the tumour tissue confirmed the diagnosis of ETT in two cases with an initial consideration of either somatic carcinoma or suspicion of a gestational trophoblastic tumour. The presence of matching genetic profile with the patient's paired normal tissue was seen in two other cases (both initially considered as ETT), confirming their somatic origin, including one metastatic triple‐negative breast carcinoma and one primary lung carcinoma.ConclusionsDiagnostic separation of ETT at an extrauterine site from its somatic carcinoma mimics can be difficult at the histological and immunohistochemical levels. STR genotyping offers a robust ancillary tool that precisely separates ETT from somatic carcinomas with trophoblastic differentiation.
“WHAT HAS POSTERITY EVER DONE FOR ME?”: FUTURE GENERATIONS, INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE, AND THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF DISTANT FUTURES
Authors: Möckel Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT“Future generations” play a key role in current political debates. In the context of the climate crisis especially, political controversies are often framed as moral problems of “intergenerational justice.” This article aims to historicize the use of the concept of “future generations” in modern political discourse and to uncover its long—and often ambivalent—history. Its main argument is that talking about “future generations” was part of an attempt to integrate (distant) futures into the political discourse of the time. The first part of the article outlines a theoretical perspective on the relationship between generations and temporalities. The second part focuses on how anticipating “future generations” became an important part of the history of utopian thinking and political planning in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially in the realm of demographic and economic discussions. The third part analyzes the emergence of “future ethics” and “intergenerational justice” as important political discourses in the 1970s. This part refers both to the academic debates about “future generations” and to the way political decision‐makers used the concept to legitimize their policies. The article argues that the concept of “future generations” should not be taken as an ethical principle that transcended the political debates of the present. Rather, it was itself the result of intense political controversies.
Implicit racial bias among dental hygienists practicing in the United States
Authors: Morzenti Olivia A. , Brennhofer Stephanie A. , Calley Kristin H. , Stephenson M. Colleen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeProvider bias has been shown to be a contributing factor to racial and ethnic disparities observed in health care settings. The purpose of this study was to examine implicit racial bias among dental hygienists.MethodsA convenience sample of licensed and practicing dental hygienists within the United States was recruited through email and national dental hygiene social media groups via snowball sampling. A two‐part survey design was used for data collection. Participants completed a 10‐item demographic survey through an online platform and were then routed to the Race Implicit Association Test (IAT). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were used to compare demographic data and implicit racial preference scores (d‐scores).ResultsData from 404 licensed dental hygienists were included in this study. Over two‐thirds (67.8%) of participants showed a preference for European Americans over African Americans. A significant difference was found between implicit racial preference scores and participant age (Estimate: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.01), years worked comparing <5 years to 21 or more years (Estimate: 0.19, 95% CI: −0.30, −0.09) and race comparing non‐White to White (Estimate: –0.17, 95% CI: −0.27, −0.07). No difference was found with task order, previous Race IAT experience, or previous self‐reported implicit bias training.ConclusionsFindings suggest that dental hygienists may harbor implicit racial preferences for European Americans over African Americans. Non‐White participants had more positive implicit preferences toward African Americans compared to White participants. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which implicit racial biases contribute to disparities in oral health.
Performance of the new MC‐80 automated digital cell morphology analyser in detection of normal and abnormal blood cells: Comparison with the CellaVision DM9600
Authors: Merino Anna , Laguna Javier , Rodríguez‐García María , Julian Judit , Casanova Alexandra , Molina Angel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMindray MC‐80 is an automated system for digital imaging of white blood cells (WBCs) and their pre‐classification. The objective of this work is to analyse its performance comparing it with the CellaVision® DM9600.MethodsA total of 445 samples were used, 194 normal and 251 abnormal: acute leukaemia (100), myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (33), lymphoid neoplasms (50), plasma cell neoplasms (14), infections (49) and thrombocytopenia (5). WBC pre‐classification values with the MC‐80 and DM9600 were compared with (1) the microscope, (2) Mindray BC‐6800Plus differentials in only normal samples, and (3) confirmed or reclassified images (post‐classification). Pearson's correlation, Lin's concordance, Passing‐Bablok regression, and Bland–Altman plots were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values for abnormal cells using the MC‐80 were calculated.ResultsThe PPV and NPV were above 98% and 99%, for normal samples. For immature granulocytes (IG), NPV and PPV were 100% and 74.2%. When comparing the WBC differentials using the MC‐80, the microscope and the BC‐6800Plus, no differences were found except for basophils and IG. Our results showed good agreement between the pre‐ and post‐classification of normal WBC, including IG, quantified by high correlation and concordance values (0.91–1). Sensitivity and specificity for blasts were 0.984 and 0.640. The MC‐80 detected abnormal lymphocytes in 30% of the smears from patients with lymphoid neoplasm. Plasma cell identification was better using the DM9600. The sensitivity and specificity for erythroblast detection were 1 and 0.890.ConclusionWe found that the MC‐80 shows high performance for WBC differentials for both normal samples and patients with haematological diseases.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Australasian consensus practice statement
Authors: Anderson Mary A. , Bennett Rory , Badoux Xavier , Best Giles , Chia Nicole , Cochrane Tara , Cull Gavin , Crassini Kyle , Harrup Rosemary , Jackson Sharon , Kuss Bryone , Lasica Masa , Lew Thomas E. , Marlton Paula , Opat Stephen , Palfreyman Emma , Polizzotto Mark N. , Ratnasingam Sumita , Seymour John F. , Soosapilla Asha , Talaulikar Dipti , Tam Constantine S. , Weinkove Robert , Wight Joel , Mulligan Stephen P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common haematological malignancy in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). Considerable changes to diagnostic and management algorithms have occurred within the last decade. The availability of next‐generation sequencing and measurable residual disease assessment by flow cytometry allow for advanced prognostication and response assessments. Novel therapies, including inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTKi) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitors, have transformed the treatment landscape for both treatment‐naïve and relapsed/refractory disease, particularly for patients with high‐risk genetic aberrations. Recommendations regarding appropriate supportive management continue to evolve, and special considerations are required for patients with CLL with respect to the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. The unique funding and treatment environments in Australasia highlight the need for specific local guidance with respect to the investigation and management of CLL. This consensus practice statement was developed by a broadly representative group of ANZ experts in CLL with endorsement by peak haematology bodies, with a view to providing this standardised guidance.
The effects and challenges of alcohol use disorder peer support service in South Korea: A focus group study
Authors: Kim Soojeong , Lee Insuk , Lee Mihyong , Champion Jane Dimmitt 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a high disease burden due to medical consequences, people with AUD often do not receive appropriate treatment or community health service support. Peer‐support services, intended to bridge the gap between patients with AUD and mental health providers have produced successful results. However, the number of studies on peer supporters in South Korea, especially those with AUD, is limited. Therefore, research on the effectiveness or challenges faced by AUD peer supporters in Korea is required to meet the challenges posed by increases in the numbers and capabilities of peer supporters in the mental health field. This qualitative study (N = 13), included focus group interviews of AUD peer supporters (n = 7), and supervisors of peer supporters (n = 6). Focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis methods. These analyses identified themes including ‘Life before AUD peer supporters: The moment of change’, ‘Effects of peer support services: Working as peer supporters changed our lives’, ‘Challenges of peer supporter services: Things experienced as a team’ and ‘Future directions: How we can improve peer support services’? Findings indicate that healthcare professionals, educated to maintain clear boundaries, are discouraged from disclosing personal information or developing personal relationships with patients. On the other hand, peer supporters discuss personal histories and prioritize personal connections. By acting as comrades, peer supporters have positive effects. By sharing their experiences, peer supporters formed appropriate relationships with AUD patients and families resulting in more active engagement in treatment programmes and increased numbers of patients receiving outpatient treatment.
Multicomponent prediction of 2‐year mortality and amputation in patients with diabetic foot using a random survival forest model: Uric acid, alanine transaminase, urine protein and platelet as important predictors
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Tang Fang , Lao Jiahui , Yang Yang , Cao Jia , Song Ru , Wu Peng , Wang Yibing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current methods for the prediction of mortality and amputation for inpatients with diabetic foot (DF) use only conventional, simple variables, which limits their performance. Here, we used a random survival forest (RSF) model and multicomponent variables to improve the prediction of mortality and amputation for these patients. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 175 inpatients with DF who were recruited between 2014 and 2021. Thirty‐one predictors in six categories were considered as potential covariates. Seventy percent (n = 122) of the participants were randomly selected to constitute a training set, and 30% (n = 53) were assigned to a testing set. The RSF model was used to screen appropriate variables for their value as predictors of 2‐year all‐cause mortality and amputation, and a multicomponent prediction model was established. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The AUCs were compared using the Delong test. Seventeen variables were selected to predict mortality and 23 were selected to predict amputation. Uric acid and alanine transaminase were the top two most useful variables for the prediction of mortality, whereas urine protein and platelet were the top variables for the prediction of amputation. The AUCs were 0.913 and 0.851 for the prediction of mortality for the training and testing sets, respectively; and the equivalent AUCs were 0.963 and 0.893 for the prediction of amputation. There were no significant differences between the AUCs for the training and testing sets for both the mortality and amputation models. These models showed a good degree of fit. Thus, the RSF model can predict mortality and amputation in inpatients with DF. This multicomponent prediction model could help clinicians consider predictors of different dimensions to effectively prevent DF from clinical outcomes .
“So That We Can Save the Earth from Dying”: Highlights from a Middle School Environmental Field Day
Authors: Sena Kenton , Abney Jill , Ruehl Hannah , Barton Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContinued urbanization is likely to reduce human‐nature experience, transforming human‐dwelt spaces into increasingly artificial environments and removing humans from interaction with non‐human living things and their ecosystems. In urban spaces, outdoor experiential educational activities can help students increase their familiarity with the outdoors and get their hands dirty. This case study reports on an environmental field day for middle school students from an urban Kentucky middle school. Students rotated through three activities (picking insects out of leaf packs, testing water quality, and planting trees), then completed a brief survey designed and administered by their faculty. Students rated the tree planting activity more highly than the other two activities (p < 0.0001), suggesting that this activity was more accessible, interesting, and engaging to a broader range of students. However, student qualitative responses to the water quality and leaf pack activities demonstrated an ability to make connections between those activities and the broader world, such as the importance of their stream‐water quality for the Gulf of Mexico, or the implications of finding pollution‐tolerant insects for understanding stream health. Overall, we recommend planning field days with multiple activities that offer various entry points for students with a range of prior experience of nature. We also emphasize the potential for these sorts of activities to help students develop a sense of awe or wonder in nature—seeing and handling things they never considered before but now experience as profound and interesting. These observations are consistent with the literature demonstrating the need for human‐nature experience (especially in urban areas) to support developing a sense of affectivity for the environment and interest in taking environmentally beneficial actions, as well as the role of place‐based experiential education in helping students bridge that gap.
Institutional investors’ horizons and bank transparency
Authors: Haq Mamiza , Pathan Shams , Mendez Carlos Fernandez , Lobo Gerald J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the relation between institutional investors’ horizons and bank transparency. The novelty of this research is to consider three important aspects of transparency: disclosure quality, private information gathering and auditor fees. We find strong evidence indicating that banks dominated by long‐term (short‐term [ST]) institutional shareholders exhibit higher (lower) levels of disclosure quality. However, there is no evidence that investor horizon has a differential effect on private information gathering and audit pricing. The study employs alternative proxies and estimations such as two‐stage least squares and propensity score matching to address endogeneity. We also document that banks with higher ST institutional shareholding are associated with lower crash risk. These findings are particularly significant because poor bank transparency has been identified as a contributing factor to the 2007–2009 financial crisis.