bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative population genetics of congeneric limpets across a biogeographic transition zone reveals common patterns of genetic structure and demographic history
Authors: Peluso Lívia , Broitman Bernardo R. , Lardies Marco A. , Nespolo Roberto F. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe distribution of genetic diversity is often heterogeneous in space, and it usually correlates with environmental transitions or historical processes that affect demography. The coast of Chile encompasses two biogeographic provinces and spans a broad environmental gradient together with oceanographic processes linked to coastal topography that can affect species' genetic diversity. Here, we evaluated the genetic connectivity and historical demography of four Scurria limpets, S. scurra, S. variabilis, S. ceciliana and S. araucana, between ca. 19° S and 53° S in the Chilean coast using genome‐wide SNPs markers. Genetic structure varied among species which was evidenced by species‐specific breaks together with two shared breaks. One of the shared breaks was located at 22–25° S and was observed in S. araucana and S. variabilis, while the second break around 31–34° S was shared by three Scurria species. Interestingly, the identified genetic breaks are also shared with other low‐disperser invertebrates. Demographic histories show bottlenecks in S. scurra and S. araucana populations and recent population expansion in all species. The shared genetic breaks can be linked to oceanographic features acting as soft barriers to dispersal and also to historical climate, evidencing the utility of comparing multiple and sympatric species to understand the influence of a particular seascape on genetic diversity.
Experiences of maintaining awake prone positioning in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Yuhong , Shen Xiao , Feng Ping , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient compliance is crucial to maintaining the awake prone position, which has been found to be intolerable by several patients. Addressing patients’ compliance while being treated with awake prone positioning and prolonging its duration may be prerequisites for further research.AimThis study was conducted to explore the personal experiences of non‐intubated patients during the implementation of awake prone positioning.Study DesignWe conducted a qualitative study recruiting a purposive sample of twelve adult patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were previously treated with awake prone positioning. They were recruited from an intermediate care unit (that provides pre‐ and post‐intensive care) in a COVID‐19‐designated hospital in Nanjing, China from July 15, 2021, to September 20, 2021. Data were collected through individual in‐depth interviews and then analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.ResultsContent analysis of the interviews revealed two main themes, each containing three and four sub‐themes, respectively, as follows: (1) barriers to the implementation of awake prone positioning, including (i) generalised discomfort, (ii) a lack of both understanding and trust, and (iii) low satisfaction with the implementation plan; (2) factors promoting the implementation of awake prone positioning, including (i) health education and supervision, (ii) self‐motivation and support from healthcare staff and family members, (iii) finding a comfortable position and having access to entertainment, and (iv) symptom improvement.ConclusionsHealthcare staff should clarify the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of the awake prone position to patients to eliminate any doubts that they may have. Psychological support and appropriate supervision should be emphasised. Pain relief programmes should also be established, including the use of a comfortable prone posture in conjunction with access to entertainment. Finally, individualised awake prone positioning protocols should be formulated according to patients' living habits and attempted in combination with out‐of‐bed activities. These measures may help to enhance the experience and compliance of patients undergoing the treatment.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFor future instances involving the implementation of awake prone positioning, several measures should be established and implemented alongside it, including a health education programme, supervision programme, support system, and pain relief programme. Personalisation should also be considered during its implementation. These measures may help to enhance the compliance of patients and prolong the duration of the awake prone position.
Toward a better understanding of angiosperm xylogenesis: a new method for a cellular approach
Authors: Noyer Estelle , Stojanović Marko , Horáček Petr , Pérez‐de‐Lis Gonzalo 
Published: May 2023

Summary
The kinetics of wood formation in angiosperms are largely unknown because their complex xylem anatomy precludes using the radial position of vessels and fibers to infer their time of differentiation.
We analyzed xylogenesis in ring‐porous ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) and diffuse‐porous beech (Fagus sylvatica) over 1 yr and proposed a novel procedure to assess the period of vessel and fiber enlargement using a referential radial file (RRF).
Our approach captured the dynamics of wood formation and provided a robust estimation of the kinetics of vessel and fiber enlargement. In beech, fibers and vessels had a similar duration of enlargement, decreasing from 14 to 5 d between April and July. In ash, wide vessels formed in April enlarged at a rate of 27 × 103 μm2 d−1, requiring half the time of contemporary fibers (6 vs 12 d), and less time than the narrower vessels (14 d) formed in May.
These findings reveal distinct cell‐type‐dependent mechanisms for differentiation in diffuse‐porous and ring‐porous trees, enhancing our understanding of angiosperm wood cell kinetics. Our approach presents an effective method for investigating angiosperm wood formation and provides a more accurate representation of vessel and fiber morphogenesis in wood formation models.
Molecular characterization of Trichoderma spp. isolates in mushroom‐growing farms in Turkey and their effects on Agaricus bisporus production
Authors: Turgay Güneş , Eren Erkan , Eltem Rengin , Çakır Deniz , Aydemir Birsen Çakır 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMushroom production is highly affected by green mould disease, which causes severe losses worldwide. This study aimed to characterize Trichoderma spp. isolates collected from Agaricus bisporus‐ and Pleurotus ostreatus‐growing facilities based on their molecular features and evaluate their aggressiveness in mushroom production in vitro and in vivo. Fifty‐six Trichoderma isolates from mushroom farms in Aegean and Marmara regions were analysed for molecular characteristics. In a phylogenetic tree constructed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef1 sequences, they were classified into five groups, which included Trichoderma spp. such as T. aggressivum, T. europaeum, T. pleuroticola, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that tef1 sequences could distinguish between T. aggressivum f. aggressivum and T. aggressivum f. europaeum more specifically. Consequently, tef1 sequence variation identified 15 T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates compared with ITS sequence variation. In vitro conditions based on the dual‐culture tests of the mycelial growth of A. bisporus showed growth inhibition between 50% and 75% depending on the isolates. Two Trichoderma isolates with different ITS and tef1 sequences (3/9 and 7/5 isolates, respectively) and more lytic and mycoparasitic activities were analysed further to determine their effects on yield and mushroom quality parameters. Therefore, T. aggressivum f. aggressivum is not the only species that affects mushroom production, and T. aggressivum f. aggressivum and T. aggressivum f. europaeum isolates significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited A. bisporus growth in vitro and in vivo.
Silencing SlPP2C expression delayed plant senescence and fruit ripening in tomato
Authors: Jiang Yun , Shi Zihang , Liu Wei , Qi Mingfang , Xu Tao , Wu Yuanhua , Li Tianlai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractType 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) play key roles in regulating plant senescence and ripening. Here, we discovered a subfamily F PP2C, SlPP2C, associated with leaf senescence through transcriptome analysis. The gene expression, protein accumulation, and promoter activity of SlPP2C all gradually increased along with the progression of leaf and flower senescence and fruit ripening in tomato. Also, the expression of SlPP2C was highly up‐regulated by the senescent‐inducible hormone treatments, showing more sensitivity to ethylene (ETH) and abscisic acid (ABA). Meanwhile, SlPP2C RNA interference (RNAi) tomato transgenic lines showed obvious delayed senescence and ripening phenotypes of leaves, flowers, and fruits. SlPP2C RNAi lines delayed leaf senescence with higher chlorophyll fluorescence and content, and lower expressions of senescence marker genes (SlSGR1 and SlSAG12) compared to WT. SlPP2C RNAi lines clearly delayed flower senescence time; it was at least twice longer than WT. SlPP2C RNAi lines delayed fruit ripening, exhibiting higher firmness and lower polygalacturonase activity compared to WT. In addition, we proved that SlPP2C is unable to interact with any of the ABA receptors (SlPYLs). Together, the results demonstrate that SlPP2C is a senescence‐related and ripening‐related gene.
Reappraisal is less effective than distraction in downregulation of neural responses to physical threats—Anevent‐related potentialinvestigation
Authors: Adamczyk Agnieszka K. , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Roelofs Karin , van Peer Jacobien M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvolutionary threats (ETs), such as predatory animals and heights, elicit stronger fear responses and are more often the subject of specific phobias, as compared to modern threats (MTs, such as guns and motorcycles). Since processing of ET depends on lower‐order, phylogenetically conserved neural fear circuits, it may be less susceptible to higher‐order (vs. simpler) cognitive emotion regulation. Given the relevance for treatment of specific phobias, we tested this hypothesis in an ERP study. Sixty‐one female participants passively watched high‐ and low‐threat pictures of evolutionary (snakes, lizards) and modern (guns, water‐guns) origin, and downregulated responses to the high‐threat pictures (snakes and guns) using either cognitive reappraisal or a simpler cognitive distraction strategy. ET elicited stronger early (EPN) and sustained (LPP) attention processing compared to MT. Both strategies successfully downregulated subjective and LPP (but not EPN) responses compared to passive watching. Although reappraisal was more effective subjectively, distraction downregulated the LPPearlierandstrongerthan reappraisal, irrespective of the threat type. These findings provide novel evidence that neural responses to physical threat might be less susceptible to cognitive emotion regulation via higher‐order (reappraisal) versus simpler (distraction) strategies, irrespective of the evolutionary or modern relevance of threat. Combining both strategies could be beneficial for the emotion regulation‐enhancing interventions for specific phobias. Distraction could be used during initial exposure, to reduce immediate emotion responding and help endure the contact with the feared stimulus, whereas reappraisal could be used subsequently, when emotions are less intense, to change maladaptive thoughts about the stimulus for future encounters.
Deep‐water sand transfer by hyperpycnal flows, the Eocene of Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway
Authors: Grundvåg Sten‐Andreas , Helland‐Hansen William , Johannessen Erik P. , Eggenhuisen Joris , Pohl Florian , Spychala Yvonne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlood‐generated hyperpycnal flows are dense, sediment‐laden, turbulent flows that can form long‐lived, bottom‐hugging turbidity currents, which undoubtedly transport large volumes of fine‐grained sediments into the ocean. However, their ability in transferring sand into deep‐water basins is debated. This study presents sedimentological evidence of sandy hyperpycnal flow deposits (hyperpycnites) in a series of basin floor lobe complexes associated with a progradational shelf margin in the Eocene of Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway. Four coexisting types of sediment gravity flow deposits are recognized: (i) sandy hyperpycnites deposited by quasi‐steady hyperpycnal flows; (ii) turbidites deposited by waning, surge‐type turbidity currents; (iii) hybrid event beds deposited by transitional flows; and (iv) mass transport deposits emplaced during rare slope failures. The abundance of thick‐bedded massive sandstones, frequent bed amalgamation, the distribution of hyperpycnites across the lobes and the abundance and systematic occurrence of plant‐rich hybrid event beds and associated climbing ripple cross‐laminated beds in the lobe fringes, suggest that hyperpycnal flow was the most important mechanism driving lobe progradation. Shelf‐edge positioned fluvial channels linked to the basin floor lobe complexes via deeply incised, sandstone‐filled slope channels, suggest that rivers fed directly onto the slopes where their dense, sand‐laden discharges readily generated quasi‐steady hyperpycnal flows that regularly reached the basin floor. The composite architecture and complex waxing–waning flow facies configuration of the hyperpycnites is consistent with sustained and concomitant suspension and traction deposition under fluctuating subcritical to supercritical conditions. Similar sandstone beds occur on the clinoform slopes, indicating that the hyperpycnal flows operated likewise on the slope. Plant‐rich hybrid event beds indicate transformation of initially turbulent flows by relative enrichment of clay and plant material via progressive sand deposition to such an extent that it suppressed turbulence. The multi‐faceted character of the hyperpycnites reported here, challenges traditional beliefs that hyperpycnites assumingly preserve the waxing–waning signal of single‐peaked floods.
Ten‐year mortality among older male recreational endurance athletes in the Birkebeiner Aging Study in comparison with older men from the Tromsø Study
Authors: Johansen Kristoffer R. , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Sørensen Eivind , Nes Bjarne M. , Bucher‐Sandbakk Silvana , Wilsgaard Tom , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Thelle Dag S. , Morseth Bente , Myrstad Marius ,   NEXAF
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is associated with reduced mortality. However, whether there is an added benefit of long‐term endurance training is unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine 10‐year mortality in older male endurance athletes compared with an older male general population.MethodMale athletes (n = 503) participating in an annual long‐distance ski race (median years of participation: 14, range: 1–53) from the Norwegian Birkebeiner Aging study (BiAS), and non‐athletic men (n = 1867) attending the sixth Tromsø Study (Tromsø6) aged ≥65 years were included. Associations with endurance sport practice and joint exposures of endurance sport practice and self‐reported leisure‐time PA with all‐cause mortality were examined. We analyzed the data with Cox proportional hazard models and regression standardization.ResultsAfter 10 years (median: 10.4, range: 0.5–11.1) the mortality rate was lower in athletes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.49) compared with non‐athletes, corresponding to a 15% (95% CI: 12–19%) absolute risk reduction associated with endurance sport practice. In joint analyses categorized according to PA and endurance sport practice, we observed an inverse dose–response relationship with mortality (p < 0.001). Compared to inactive non‐athletes, PA was associated with lower mortality in both active non‐athletes and athletes. However, the observed benefit among participants reporting moderate‐to‐vigorous PA was larger in athletes (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14–0.32) than non‐athletes (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31–0.59) (p < 0.01).ConclusionEndurance sport practice was associated with reduced 10‐year mortality, beyond the effect of PA in older men. This study suggests that long‐term endurance sport practice maintained into older adulthood promotes longevity.
How do you measure trust in social institutions and health professionals? A systematic review of the literature (2012–2021)
Authors: Aboueid Stephanie E. , Herati Hoda , Nascimento Maria H. G. , Ward Paul R. , Brown Patrick R. , Calnan Michael , Perlman Christopher M. , Meyer Samantha B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of measuring trust in health systems has been accentuated due to its correlation with important health outcomes aimed at reducing COVID‐19 transmission. A systematic review published almost a decade ago identified gaps in measures including the lack of focus on trust in systems, inconsistency regarding the dimensionality of trust and need for research to strengthen the validity of measures. Given developments in our understandings of trust since its publication, we sought to identify new scales developed, existing ones adapted in response to identified gaps, and agendas for future research. Using the PRISMA approach for systematic reviews, we conducted a search in four databases. A total of 26 articles were assessed. Twelve new scales were identified, while 14 were adapted for different settings and populations. Literature continues to focus on measuring trust in health professionals rather than systems. Various shortcomings were identified, including some articles not mentioning the dimensions included in the scale and suboptimal use of validity and reliability testing and/or reporting. Moreover, a variety of terms were used for dimensions. Future research is needed to address these gaps and consequently, to understand their correlation with health behaviors and outcomes more accurately.
The development of emotion regulation in adolescence: What do we know and where to go next?
Authors: Fombouchet Yoann , Pineau Simon , Perchec Cyrille , Lucenet Joanna , Lannegrand Lyda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmotion regulation is critical for adolescent functioning. Theories on the subject have evolved rapidly in recent years and have led to a more contextualized and dynamic conceptualization of emotion regulation processes. In this paper, based on the distinction between emotion regulation strategies and abilities, we propose future directions for research on emotion regulation development in adolescence. We first present evidence that emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur in adolescence are central in emotion regulation development. We then review empirical findings on emotion regulation development by tying them to their conceptual foundations. We discuss their limitations and argue that building better conceptual clarity is essential to study emotion regulation. Because current knowledge on recent concepts that emerged in adult‐based models remains limited and contested in adolescence, we end this article by discussing new research perspectives to provide a better understanding of the topic. We stress the need for researchers in the field to adopt a more contextualized and person‐oriented approach, to combine different time scales and methods, and examine the predictors of emotion regulation as well as its outcomes.
Two new JK silencing alleles identified by single molecule sequencing with 20‐Kb long‐reads
Authors: Isa Kazumi , Takada Shinnosuke , Takeda Hiromi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Ogasawara Kenichi , Takahashi Daisuke , Miyazaki Toru , Miyata Shigeki , Satake Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Kidd blood group gene SLC14A1 (JK) accounts for approximately 20 Kb from initiation codon to stop codon in the genome. In genomic DNA analysis using Sanger sequencing or short‐read‐based next generation sequencing, it is difficult to determine the cis or trans positions of single nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are occasionally more than 1 Kb away from each other. We aimed to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a 20‐Kb genomic DNA amplicon to characterize the JK allelic variants associated with Kidd antigen silencing in a blood donor.Study Design and MethodsThe Jk(a–b–) phenotype was identified in this donor by standard serological typing. A DNA sample obtained from whole blood was amplified by long‐range PCR to obtain a 20‐Kb fragment of the SLC14A1 gene, including the initiation and stop codons. The fragment was then analyzed by Sanger sequencing and single‐molecule sequencing. Transfection and expression studies were performed in CHO cells using the expression vector construct of JK alleles.ResultsSanger sequencing and single‐molecule sequencing revealed that the donor was heterozygous with JK*01 having c.276G>A (rs763262711, p.Trp92Ter) and JK*02 having c.499A>G (rs2298719, p.Met167Val), c.588A>G (rs2298718, p.Pro196Pro), and c.743C>A (p.Ala248Asp). The two JK alleles identified have not been previously described. Transfection and expression studies indicated that the CHO cells transfected with JK*02 having c.743C>A did not express the Jkb and Jk3 antigens.ConclusionsWe identified new JK silencing alleles and their critical SNVs by single‐molecule sequencing and the findings were confirmed by transfection and expression studies.
In vitro quality of cold and delayed cold‐stored platelet concentrates from interim platelet units during storage for 21 days
Authors: Braathen Hanne , Felli Lunde Turid Helen , Assmus Jörg , Hagen Kristin Gjerde , Kristoffersen Einar Klæboe , Strandenes Geir , Apelseth Torunn Oveland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBased on previous success using apheresis platelets, we wanted to investigate the in vitro quality and platelet function in continuously cold‐stored and delayed cold‐stored platelet concentrates (PCs) from interim platelet units (IPUs) produced by the Reveos system.Materials and MethodsWe used a pool‐and‐split design to prepare 18 identical pairs of PCs. One unit was stored unagitated and refrigerated after production on day 1 (cold‐stored). The other unit was stored agitated at room temperature until day 5 and then refrigerated (delayed cold‐stored). Samples were taken after pool‐and‐split on day 1 and on days 5, 7, 14 and 21. Swirling was observed and haematology parameters, metabolism, blood gas, platelet activation and platelet aggregation were analysed for each sample point.ResultsAll PCs complied with European recommendations (EDQM 20th edition). Both groups had mean platelet content >200 × 109/unit on day 21. The pH remained above 6.4 for all sample points. Glucose concentration was detectable in every cold‐stored unit on day 21 and in every delayed cold‐stored unit on day 14. The cold‐stored group showed a higher activation level before stimulation as measured by flow cytometry. The activation levels were similar in the two groups after stimulation. Both groups had the ability to form aggregates after cold storage and until day 21.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PCs from IPUs are suitable for cold storage from day 1 until day 21 and delayed cold storage from day 5 until day 14.
The elliptic sieve and Brauer groups
Authors: Bhakta Subham , Loughran Daniel , Rydin Myerson Simon L. , Nakahara Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA theorem of Serre states that almost all plane conics over have no rational point. We prove an analogue of this for families of conics parametrised by elliptic curves using elliptic divisibility sequences and a version of the Selberg sieve for elliptic curves. We also give more general results for specialisations of Brauer groups, which yields applications to norm form equations.