bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Space‐Confined Polymerization Templated by Ice Enables Large‐Scale Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Polymer Sheets
Authors: Peng Xiaomeng , Zhang Jie , Zhou Ji , Chen Shang , Jia Yuncan , Han Xinyi , Meng Xiaodong , Bielawski Christopher W. , Geng Jianxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite significant progress in the preparation and characterization of two‐dimensional (2D) materials, the synthesis of 2D organic materials remains challenging. Here, we report a novel space‐confined polymerization method that enables the large‐scale synthesis of 2D sheets of a functional conjugated polymer, namely, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). A key step in this method is the confinement of monomer to the boundaries of ice crystals using micelles. This spatial confinement directs the polymerization to form 2D PEDOT sheets with high crystallinity and controlled morphology. Supercapacitors prepared from the 2D PEDOT sheets exhibit outstanding performance metrics. In aqueous electrolyte, a high areal specific capacitance of 898 mF cm−2 at 0.2 mA cm−2 along with an excellent rate capability is achieved (e.g., capacitance retention of 67.6 % at a 50‐fold higher current). Moreover, the 2D PEDOT‐based supercapacitors exhibit outstanding cycling stability (capacitance retention of 98.5 % after 30,000 cycles). Device performance is further improved when an organic electrolyte is used.
Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Kinetic Boron Conjugate Addition of γ‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams
Authors: Tang Liang , Luo Yicong , Sheng Cheng , Xie Fang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChiral α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams bearing simple γ‐ substituents are found in biologically active molecules and natural products, however, their synthesis still remains difficult. Herein, we report an efficient kinetic resolution (KR) of γ‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams via a Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric boron conjugate addition, which also leads to the efficient synthesis of chiral β‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactams with β,γ‐stereogenic carbon centers. The KR proceeded smoothly with a wide range of γ‐alkyl or aryl substituted substrates including those bearing aromatic heterocycles and different N‐protected substrates in up to 347 of s value. Their highly versatile transformations, synthetic utility in biologically active molecules, and inhibitory activities against cisplatin‐sensitive ovarian cancer cell A2780 have also been demonstrated. Differing from the well‐known mechanism involving Cu−B species in Cu‐catalyzed boron conjugate additions, our mechanistic studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments indicate that a Lewis acid CuI‐catalyzed mechanism is the likely pathway in the catalytic reaction.
Event‐triggered‐based integral reinforcement learning output feedback optimal control for partially unknown constrained‐input nonlinear systems
Authors: Zou Haoming , Zhang Guoshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive output feedback event‐triggered optimal control algorithm is proposed for partially unknown constrained‐input continuous‐time nonlinear systems. First, a neural network observer is constructed to estimate unmeasurable state. Next, an event‐triggered condition is established, and only when the event‐triggered condition is violated will the event be triggered and the state be sampled. Then, an event‐triggered‐based synchronous integral reinforcement learning (ET‐SIRL) control algorithm with critic‐actor neural networks (NNs) architecture is proposed to solve the event‐triggered Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation under the established event‐triggered condition. The critic and actor NNs are used to approximate cost function and optimal event‐triggered optimal control law, respectively. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered‐based closed‐loop system state and all the neural network weight estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded proved by Lyapunov stability theory, and there is no Zeno behavior. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed ET‐SIRL control algorithm.
Acclimation, manganese removal, and backwash impact on full‐scale drinking water biofilter microbiome
Authors: Morales Medina William R. , To Priscilla , Taylor Malcolm , Nguyen Caroline , Fahrenfeld Nicole L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiofiltration for drinking water treatment has several water quality benefits but questions remain about biofilter start‐up in temperate climates where temperature and water quality changes can impact performance. A year‐long full‐scale demonstration was performed with biofilters operated in parallel to chlorinated filters to (O1) monitor the development of the biofilter microbiota across the acclimation period with respect to removal of Mn and total organic carbon, and (O2) determine the impact of depth and backwash events on the microbial community composition and function. Biofilter media biomass increased for the first 6 months of operation and after about 9 months the biofilters achieved comparable Mn removal to the chlorinated filters. Prokaryotic diversity decreased when the water temperature dropped. Backwash resulted in an increase in microbial diversity deeper in the biofilter. By the next sampling (30 h post backwash), 16S rRNA gene copies were again more abundant in the upper layers. Metagenomic sequencing confirmed the presence of moxA and mofA, Mn oxidizing genes. The results presented can help inform expected performance of full‐scale biofilters in temperate climates.
Association of collagen deep learning classifier with prognosis and chemotherapy benefits in stage II‐III colon cancer
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Huaiming , Chen Weisheng , Zhao Yandong , Yan Botao , Chen Dexin , Dong Xiaoyu , Cheng Jiaxin , Lin Zexi , Zhuo Shuangmu , Wang Hui , Yan Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current tumor‐node‐metastasis staging system does not provide sufficient prognostic prediction or adjuvant chemotherapy benefit information for stage II‐III colon cancer (CC) patients. Collagen in the tumor microenvironment affects the biological behaviors and chemotherapy response of cancer cells. Hence, in this study, we proposed a collagen deep learning (collagenDL) classifier based on the 50‐layer residual network model for predicting disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The collagenDL classifier was significantly associated with DFS and OS (P < 0.001). The collagenDL nomogram, integrating the collagenDL classifier and three clinicopathologic predictors, improved the prediction performance, which showed satisfactory discrimination and calibration. These results were independently validated in the internal and external validation cohorts. In addition, high‐risk stage II and III CC patients with high‐collagenDL classifier, rather than low‐collagenDL classifier, exhibited a favorable response to adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, the collagenDL classifier could predict prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in stage II‐III CC patients.
The thoracic duct: The final frontier for intervention?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Umeh Jerry 
Published: April 2023

Key Points
Thoracic duct obstruction can cause chylothorax, protein‐losing enteropathy, and chylous ascites but there have been few reports of interventional approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
This case series demonstrates that direct lymphangiography and measurement of the lympho‐venous pressure gradient can guide successful interventions of the thoracic duct.
Refinement of these techniques will improve the diagnosis of lymphatic disorders and potentially reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Ceria‐Modified Copper Phyllosilicate Catalyst for One‐Pot Hydroamination of 5‐HMF with Nitro‐Compounds
Authors: Redina Elena , Arkhipova Natalia , Kapustin Gennady , Kirichenko Olga , Mishin Igor , Kustov Leonid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCeria‐modified mineral‐like copper catalyst 12 %Cu/SiO2−CeO2 showed a high activity and selectivity in one‐pot hydroamination of bio‐available 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural with nitro‐aromatic compounds. The catalyst was obtained by conventional deposition‐precipitation method with urea from commercial silica, copper nitrate, and ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate. The synthesized catalyst with a copper phyllosilicate structure formed inside the pores of silica was studied by XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, SEM and TEM methods. The possible scheme of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural hydroamination with nitro‐aromatic compounds and an evolution of the catalyst structure during the reaction were proposed. The catalyst can be successfully recycled after calcination procedure. A number of N‐furfurylamines were obtained for the first time over 12 %Cu/SiO2−CeO2 catalyst with the phyllosilicate structure directly from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and nitro‐aromatic compounds with the yields up to 85 %.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Hydrogenative Reactions Using Liquid Hydrogen Donors: Mechanisms, Catalysts Design, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Su Ren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising approach for a wide range of hydrogenative reactions owing to the mild reaction conditions and the possibility of employing liquid hydrogen donors. Currently, the major interest is focused on the development of high performance photocatalyst materials and the expansion of reaction scope. An overview from a perspective of hydrogen donor and thus the related mechanistic understanding of the light‐induced hydrogenative reactions is rare. Here, we have categorized the photocatalytic hydrogenative reactions by the type of employed liquid hydrogen donors (hydrocarbons and water), discussed the basic criteria of hydrogen abstraction from these donors, and elaborated the design strategy of the photocatalyst materials.
Object pose estimation based on stereo vision with improvedK‐DtreeICPalgorithm
Authors: Huang Li , Wang Cheng , Yun Juntong , Tao Bo , Qi Jinxian , Liu Ying , Ma Hongjie , Yu Hui 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWith the wide application of stereovision in SLAM, object pose estimation has gradually become one of the research hotspots. This article proposes an object pose estimation for robotic grasping based on stereo vision with improved K‐D tree ICP algorithm. The feature points and feature descriptors of the point cloud of the object to be captured are extracted, and the feature template set is established. The SAC‐IA algorithm is used to carry out initial registration of the point cloud of the target, and the ICP algorithm based on K‐D tree is used for fine registration. The experimental results show that the average coincidence degree of the final registration of the proposed object pose estimation method reaches 94.1%, and the accurate 6D pose of the object to be grasped is obtained.
Binding to the DNA Minor Groove by Heterocyclic Dications: from AT Specific to GC Recognition Compounds
Authors: Paul Ananya , Nanjunda Rupesh , Wilson W. David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompounds that bind in the DNA minor groove have provided critical information on DNA molecular recognition, have found extensive uses in biotechnology, and are providing clinically useful drugs against diseases as diverse as cancer and sleeping sickness. This review focuses on the development of clinically useful heterocyclic diamidine minor groove binders. These compounds show that the classical model for minor groove binding in AT DNA sequences must be expanded in several ways: compounds with nonstandard shapes can bind strongly to the groove, water can be directly incorporated into the minor groove complex in an interfacial interaction, compounds can be designed to recognize GC and mixed AT/GC base pair sequences, and stacked dimers can form to recognize specific sequences. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spectrum sensing performance of wireless cognitive radio sensor network with hard‐decision fusion over generalizedα−μfading channels
Authors: Nallagonda Srinivas 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe analysis of spectrum sensing performance of energy detection (ED)‐based wireless cognitive radio sensor network (ED‐WCRSN) with hard‐decision combining (HDC) is presented in this paper. Particularly, several network parameters are derived to estimate the performance of ED‐WCRSN, considering channel errors, noise, and generalized fading. In the considered network, first, cognitive radio sensor (CRS) senses a primary user (PU), gets sensing data, and then uses an ED to make a local binary decisions about PU's active or inactive status. In both sensing and reporting channels, the channel error probability is also taken into account. Next, HDC technique is used at control center (CC) to combine the locally obtained decisions, and a final decision about the status of the PU is made. To do so, first, the expression for the novel and analytical, which incorporates noise and fading, detection probability in a CRS is derived and validated using Monte Carlo simulations in MATLAB and using an experimental setup. Then, utilizing derived mathematical expressions, closed‐form expressions of an average error rate (AER), optimal numbers of CRSs, and detection thresholds under noisy and fading conditions are developed. The substantial influence of channel and network factors is assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), complementary ROC, and AER. Finally, the impacts of channel and network parameters on ED‐WCRSN performance are explored. For numerous parameters of the considered network, the optimal values detection threshold and number of CRSs are also found.
Inference of future bog succession trajectory from spatial chronosequence of changing aapa mires
Authors: Kolari Tiina H. M. , Tahvanainen Teemu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change‐driven vegetation changes can alter the ecosystem functions of northern peatlands. Several case studies have documented fen‐to‐bog transition (FBT) over recent decades, which can have major implications, as increased bog growth would likely cause cooling feedback. However, studies beyond individual cases are missing to infer if a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT are in progress. We explored plant community and hydrology patterns during FBT of 23 boreal aapa mire complexes in Finland. We focused on mires where comparisons of historical (1940–1970) and new (2017–2019) aerial photographs indicated an expansion of Sphagnum‐dominated zones. Vegetation plot and water chemistry data were collected from string‐flark fens, transition zones with indications of Sphagnum increase, and bog zones; thus, in a chronosequence with a decadal time span. We ask, is there a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT in progress, and what are the main characteristics (species and traits) of transitional plant communities? We found a pattern of fen‐bog transitions via an increase in Sphagnum sect. Cuspidata (mainly S. majus and S. balticum), indicating a consistently high water table. Indicators only of transitional communities were scarce (Sphagnum lindbergii), but FBT had apparently facilitated shallow‐rooted aerenchymatous vascular plants, especially Scheuchzeria palustris. Water pH consistently reflected the chronosequence with averages of 4.2, 3.9, and 3.8, from fen to transition and bog zones. Due to weak minerotrophy of string‐flark fens, species richness increased towards bogs, but succession led to reduced beta diversity and homogenization among bog sites. Decadal chronosequence suggested a future fen‐bog transition through a wet phase, instead of a drying trend. Transitional poor‐fen vegetation was characterized by the abundance of Sphagnum lindbergii, S. majus, and Scheuchzeria palustris. Sphagnum mosses likely benefit from longer growing seasons and consistently wet and acidic conditions of aapa mires.
Leveraging preserved specimens of Nerodia to infer the spatiotemporal dynamics of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola via quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Harding Stephen F. , Moretta‐Urdiales Maria Del Mar , Nordmeyer Stephanie C. , Wostl Elijah , Rodriguez David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOphidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo) is a fungal pathogen and the causative agent of ophidiomycosis that has affected multiple snake taxa across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Ophidiomycosis has often been referred to as an emerging infectious disease (EID); however, its status as an EID has recently come under debate. Oo infections have been confirmed in wild snake populations in Texas; however, it is unknown if the pathogen is novel (i.e., invasive) or endemic to the state. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted surveys for Oo among preserved Nerodia deposited at three university museums in Texas. First, we visually assessed snakes for signs of infection (SOI), and if SOI were present, we sampled the affected area. We then used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to diagnose the presence of Oo DNA on areas with SOI and used these data to evaluate spatiotemporal patterns of Oo prevalence. We also tested for significant spatial clusters of Oo infenction using a Bernoulli probability model as implemented in the program SatScan. We found that the proportion of snakes exhibiting SOI was constant over time while the prevalence of Oo DNA among those SOI increased across space and time. Within these data, we detected an incidence pattern consistent with an introduction and then spread. We detected six spatial clusters of Oo infection, although only one was significant. Our results support the hypothesis that Oo is an emerging, novel pathogen to Texas snakes. These data narrow the knowledge gap regarding the history of Oo infections in Texas and establish a historical record of confirmed Oo detections in several counties across the state. Thus, our results will guide future research to those areas with evidence of past Oo infections but lacking confirmation in contemporary hosts.
Effective hydrolysis of NH3BH3 for hydrogen evolution by the novel graphene quantum dots loaded bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt‐Co/GQDs)
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhang Fatao , Xiao Ting , Jiang Lihua , Chen Weifeng , Tan Xinyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUtilizing the low‐cost catalysts with excellent catalytic activities to replace the expensive ones for H2 evolution still faces great challenges. It is significant to design the new catalysts with the synergistic effect to improve the activities and decrease the cost of the applications. Herein, the novel nanocatalyst of graphene quantum dots loaded bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt‐Co/GQDs) has been synthesized for the H2 evolution from hydrolysis of amine borane (AB) for the first time. The result indicates that the Pt‐Co/GQDs nanocatalyst holds the better catalytic activities than Pt/GQDs, exhibiting the bimetallic synergies in the hydrolysis process. The synthesized catalyst has been characterized by various measurements, such as TEM, XPS, EDS, UV–Vis, and PL spectra. The effect of the catalyst on the hydrolysis of AB is investigated. It is demonstrated that the value of total turnover frequencies (TOFs) can arrive to 520 ·molPt−1·min−1 via the catalyst designing, which is very high in comparison with other reported catalysts. This work has developed an effective nanocatalyst with a lower cost which is never reported in the hydrolysis of AB, possessing both great significance and huge potential in the H2 evolution by hydrolysis of the hydrogen storage materials.
Facilitating spatial consensus in complex future scenarios through Real‐Time Spatial Delphi: A novel web‐based open platform
Authors: Calleo Yuri , Di Zio Simone , Pilla Francesco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Delphi technique is a commonly applied method for (among the various uses) achieving consensus from a group of knowledgeable experts. This approach is frequently employed to generate and prioritize ideas, identify potential solutions, and make decisions in various contexts through a series of iterative rounds. In the Futures Studies (FS) context, the Delphi method is regularly used in combination with the scenario method to explore different futures, implementing strategies in the present with the aim of averting dystopian outcomes and/or facilitating normative scenarios. Nevertheless, assuming that the convergence of opinions can also occur in spatial contexts, a shortcoming of the method is the deficiency of spatial references useful in the planning process. In this paper, we introduce the Real‐Time Geo‐Spatial Consensus System, a novel web‐based open platform useful to develop Delphi‐based Spatial Scenarios (DBSS), in an interactive and innovative interface. The platform adopts the Real‐Time spatial Delphi technique to obtain a spatial convergence of opinions among experts to offer researchers, decision‐makers, policymakers, and local authorities a new tool for complex spatial decisions. The primary innovations of the platform, including its architecture, statistical algorithms, tools, features, and outcomes, are demonstrated through a preliminary application focused on potential future climatic hazards in Dublin, Ireland.
Unlocking the hidden burden of epilepsy in Africa: Understanding the challenges and harnessing opportunities for improved care
Authors: Nicholas Aderinto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects many people in Africa, yet the burden of the disease is often hidden. The management of epilepsy in Africa is often inadequate due to a lack of awareness and education, limited access to diagnostic tools and treatments, inadequate coordination of care, and the stigma associated with the condition.MethodA comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather information on the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of epilepsy in Africa. The review included studies from peer‐reviewed journals, government reports, and gray literature.ResultsThe review revealed a high burden of epilepsy in Africa. The studies also showed a significant gap in the availability and accessibility of diagnostic tools, antiepileptic drugs, and specialized therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Additionally, the review found that cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic factors such as poverty and lack of access to healthcare, and the stigma associated with the condition, also pose significant challenges to managing epilepsy in Africa.ConclusionThe study highlights the urgent need for improved epilepsy management in Africa. Additionally, the study calls for further research on epilepsy in Africa and collaboration between all stakeholders to improve the management of epilepsy in Africa.