bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Based on Crop Growth Stages: A Case Study of Huaibei Plain, China
Authors: Wei Yanqi , Jin Juliang , Li Haichao , Zhou Yuliang , Cui Yi , Commey Nii Amarquaye , Zhang Yuliang , Jiang Shangming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change can lead to and intensify drought disasters. Quantifying the vulnerability of disaster-affected elements is significant for understanding the mechanisms that transform drought intensity into eventual loss. This study proposed a growth-stage-based drought vulnerability index (GDVI) of soybean using meteorological, groundwater, land use, and field experiment data and crop growth model simulation. The CROPGRO-Soybean model was used to simulate crop growth and water deficit. Four growth stages were considered since the sensitivity of soybean to drought is strictly related to the growth stage. The GDVI was applied to the Huaibei Plain, Anhui Province, China, with the goal of quantifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of soybean drought vulnerability in typical years and growth stages. The results show that: (1) The sensitivity of leaf-related parameters exceeded that of other parameters during the vegetative growth stage, whereas the top weight and grain yield showed a higher sensitivity in the reproductive growth stage; (2) A semi-logarithmic law can describe the relationship between the drought sensitivity indicators and the GDVI during the four growth stages. The pod-filling phase is the most vulnerable stage for water deficit and with the highest loss upper limit (over 70%); (3) The 2001 and 2002 seasons were the driest time during 1997−2006. Fuyang and Huainan Cities were more vulnerable to drought than other regions on the Huaibei Plain in 2001, while Huaibei and Suzhou Cities were the most susceptible areas in 2002. The results could provide effective decision support for the categorization of areas vulnerable to droughts.
Construction of a multifunctional MXene@β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite with photocatalytic properties
Authors: Lele N. , Bambo M. F. , Mmutlane E. M. , Dlamini L. N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDesigning a multimodal photocatalyst material with enhanced optical properties and surface area is among the important methods for removing dangerous organic contaminants under visible light irradiation. A simple synthetic method was used to electrostatically fabricate well-defined WO3 nanoparticles in and over Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets to form a 2D/2D hybrid with varying Ti3C2 contents (1–5 wt %). These nanoparticles were then bifunctionally linked with beta-cyclodextrin to create a WO3-Ti3C2@-CD nanocomposite. The as-synthesized WO3-Ti3C2@β-CD nanocomposite shows significantly enhanced optical properties such as low band gap and high absorption intensity. Also, shows photocatalytic properties such as decreased charge carriers (3.70 × 1019 cm−3 for 5% WO3-Ti3C2@ β-CD nanocomposite compared to 2.25 × 1020 cm−3 for pristine WO3). Photoelectrochemical properties were improved for the nanocomposite, such as photoinduced carriers’ separation, and transfer ability, and this could mean that the high conductivity of Ti3C2 and a large surface area between WO3 and Ti3C2 MXene that interacts to promote the separation of charges and boost reactive sites that are crucial for increasing the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite. Various characterization techniques analysis such as XRD and TEM further verified the interfacial interaction between WO3, Ti3C2, and beta-cyclodextrin and actively encouraged the spatial charge separation. Additionally, this work creates opportunities for building a versatile and reliable MXene-based photocatalyst for water purification.
Graphical Abstract
Quantum pattern recognition on real quantum processing units
Authors: Das Sreetama , Zhang Jingfu , Martina Stefano , Suter Dieter , Caruso Filippo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the most promising applications of quantum computing is the processing of graphical data like images. Here, we investigate the possibility of realizing a quantum pattern recognition protocol based on swap test, and use the IBMQ noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices to verify the idea. We find that with a two-qubit protocol, swap test can efficiently detect the similarity between two patterns with good fidelity, though for three or more qubits, the noise in the real devices becomes detrimental. To mitigate this noise effect, we resort to destructive swap test, which shows an improved performance for three-qubit states. Due to limited cloud access to larger IBMQ processors, we take a segment-wise approach to apply the destructive swap test on higher dimensional images. In this case, we define an average overlap measure which shows faithfulness to distinguish between two very different or very similar patterns when run on real IBMQ processors. As test images, we use binary images with simple patterns, grayscale MNIST numbers and fashion MNIST images, as well as binary images of human blood vessel obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also present an experimental set up for applying destructive swap test using the nitrogen vacancy (NVs) center in diamond. Our experimental data show high fidelity for single qubit states. Lastly, we propose a protocol inspired from quantum associative memory, which works in an analogous way to supervised learning for performing quantum pattern recognition using destructive swap test.
Evaluation of Camera Pose Estimation Using Human Head Pose Estimation
Authors: Fischer Robert , Hödlmoser Michael , Gelautz Margrit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce and evaluate a novel camera pose estimation framework that uses the human head as a calibration object. The proposed method facilitates extrinsic calibration from 2D input images (NIR and/or RGB), while merely relying on the detected human head, without the need for depth information. The approach is applicable to single cameras or multi-camera networks. Our implementation uses a fine-tuned deep learning-based 2D human facial landmark detector to estimate the 3D human head pose by fitting a 3D head model to the detected 2D facial landmarks. Our work focuses on an evaluation of the proposed approach on real multi-camera recordings and synthetic renderings to determine the accuracy of the pose estimation results and their applicability. We assess the robustness of our method against different input parameters, such as varying relative camera positions, variations of head models, face occlusions (by masks, sun glasses, etc.), potential biases and variance among humans. Based on the experimental results, we expect our approach to be effective for numerous use cases including automotive attention monitoring, robotics, VR/AR and other scenarios where ease of handling outweighs accuracy.
Personality and demographic correlates of support for regulating artificial intelligence
Authors: Bartneck Christoph , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) in our society has sparked many hopes and fears, with people having diverging views on the need to strictly regulate AI. The current study investigates how demographic and personality traits are associated with a desire to strictly regulate AI using a representative sample of adults from New Zealand (N = 47,951 participants). Data revealed that support for strict regulation of AI is positively related with agreeableness, neuroticism, and honesty–humility. However, it is negatively related to openness to experiences. A wide range of demographic factors including gender, age, ethnicity, religiosity, neighbourhood level economic deprivation, living rural, relationship status, and parental status were additionally related to support for regulation of AI. However, all these effects were fairly small suggesting that both personality and socio-demographic factors contribute to support for regulating AI, but other factors beyond these characteristics should also be considered for understanding people’s support for regulating AI.
Orthogonal stochastic configuration networks with adaptive construction parameter for data analytics
Authors: Dai Wei , Ning Chuanfeng , Pei Shiyu , Zhu Song , Wang Xuesong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a randomized learner model, SCNs are remarkable that the random weights and biases are assigned employing a supervisory mechanism to ensure universal approximation and fast learning. However, the randomness makes SCNs more likely to generate approximate linear correlative nodes that are redundant and low quality, thereby resulting in non-compact network structure. In light of a fundamental principle in machine learning, that is, a model with fewer parameters holds improved generalization. This paper proposes orthogonal SCN, termed OSCN, to filtrate out the low-quality hidden nodes for network structure reduction by incorporating Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization technology. The universal approximation property of OSCN and an adaptive setting for the key construction parameters have been presented in details. In addition, an incremental updating scheme is developed to dynamically determine the output weights, contributing to improved computational efficiency. Finally, experimental results on two numerical examples and several real-world regression and classification datasets substantiate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Implementation of single IRB review for multisite human subjects research: Persistent challenges and possible solutions
Authors: Green Jonathan M. , Goodman Polly , Kirby Aaron , Cobb Nichelle , Bierer Barbara E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Revisions to the Common Rule and NIH policy require the use of a single Institutional Review Board (sIRB) for the review of most federally funded, multisite research, with the intent of streamlining the review process. However, since initial implementation in 2018, many IRBs and institutions continue to struggle with the logistics of implementing this requirement. In this paper, we report the findings of a workshop held in 2022 to examine why sIRB review remains problematic and propose possible solutions. Workshop participants identified several issues as major barriers, including new responsibilities for study teams, persistent duplicative review processes, the lack of harmonization of policies and practices across institutions, the absence of additional guidance from federal agencies, and the need for greater flexibility in policy requirements. Addressing these problems will require providing additional resources and training to research teams, the commitment of institutional leaders to harmonize practice, and policymakers to critically evaluate the requirement and provide flexibility in applicability.
Acknowledging language variation and its power: Keys to justice and equity in applied psycholinguistics
Authors: Tripp Alayo , Munson Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated incontrovertibly thatperson perceptioninfluences language perception. Much of this research is predicated on the notion that social categories are stable constructs that are perceived similarly by members of various speech communities. Power differentials necessarily impact the legibility of the social performances circumscribed by macrosociological categories and thus bely any claim to objectivity in these categorization systems. Developing a more just applied psycholinguistics requires researchers to explicitly consider the role of power in language, how power shapes fields’ notions of what research questions are important and meaningful, and therefore how research data are collected, analyzed, and disseminated. We argue that psycholinguists should widely adopt approaches to studying linguistic processing in ways which acknowledge the role of social ideologies in shaping their outcome, and which reckon with how asymmetrical power relations shape the perception, acquisition, and judgment of both social and linguistic variation. We conclude with a series of guidelines intended to promote characterizations of social and linguistic diversity which accurately reflect the importance of power differentials and which engage ethically with sociopolitical goals of justice and equity.
Revisiting the bipolarity of Roaldia revoluta (Mitt.) P.E.A.S. Câmara & Carv.-Silva (Bryophyta, Pylaisiaceae)
Authors: Câmara Paulo E.A.S. , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Valente Daiane Valente , Henriques Diego Knop , Amorim Eduardo Toledo De , Fava Wellington Santos , Kruijer Hans (J.D.) , Stech Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of species in both polar regions (bipolarity) is a common phenomenon in the Antarctic flora. Considering the high morphological variation in polar regions due to extreme conditions, the use of molecular tools is indispensable for testing whether Arctic and Antarctic populations indeed belong to the same species. However, few phylogeographic studies of bipolar bryophytes have been conducted so far, especially when comparing molecular and morphological variation. Here, we assess the bipolarity and intraspecific variation of Roaldia revoluta, a strictly bipolar species of pleurocarpous mosses. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences clearly resolve R. revoluta as monophyletic and confirm its bipolar distribution pattern. Low intraspecific molecular variation in the markers ITS/26S and rpl16 was observed, and most specimens from both polar regions belong to a single haplotype, making it difficult to infer the origin and dispersal routes between both polar regions of R. revoluta. Morphometric analysis furthermore suggests that there are no significant morphological differences among populations from both polar regions and that morphological variation is mainly influenced by local environmental conditions. Our data do not unequivocally support the recent separation of the former intraspecific taxon Hypnum revolutum var. dolomiticum at the species level as Roaldia dolomitica.
Genetic purity of yam (Dioscorea spp.) multiplied through different seed multiplication techniques based on DArT SNP markers
Authors: Maroya Norbert G. , Agre Paterne A. , Morufat Balogun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObtaining high-quality planting material for cultivation is a persisting challenge for yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in Africa. Efforts to provide a solution to this challenge have led to varying seed multiplication techniques but whose efficiency in maintaining the genetic purity of yam genotypes during the rapid multiplication process is yet unknown. Three improved varieties Swaswa, Kpamyo and Asiedu were multiplied through tissue culture, aeroponics system, field condition and vine cutting techniques. Leaf samples were collected at every stage of multiplication in the different techniques as well as the original mother plant for DNA fingerprinting. From a total of 16,922 SNP markers, an average heterozygosity of 0.091 was obtained with minor allele frequency of 0.119, and polymorphic information content of 0.166. The transition to transversion ratio was 62:38%. Hierarchical clustering of the genotypes and technologies discriminated the multiplied materials into three clusters with the first cluster consisting of only the variety Asiedu multiplied through aeroponics, vine and tubers collected from vine cutting and grown from the field. The second cluster consisted predominantly of the variety Kpamyo, with a little admixture from Asiedu. The third cluster consisted of only Swaswa. The different seed multiplication methods showed great potentials in conserving the genetic purity of genotypes used. Therefore, the use of these seed multiplication techniques could offer a lasting solution to the low multiplication ratio of yam without compromising the genetic integrity and offers a great opportunity for establishing a formal yam seed system.
The Emancipation of Christian Learning in Anglican Parishes, from the ‘Lay’ Era to Another Discipleship Era without the ‘Lay’ Tag
Authors: Littleton John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiscipleship is a key topic for the worldwide Anglican Church. Approaches to Christian learning have varied over the centuries. The time has come to liberate Christian formation, education, and training from the constraints of the clergy and laity dualistic narrative, where lay people are defined negatively as Christians who are not clergy, not ordained, and not qualified. Inequality of discipleship exists in this clergy/laity disposition. The laity need to be educated. The paper explores the biblical, theological, and educational background for the need to emancipate Christian learning in parishes from the ‘lay’ era, with its limitations on Christian growth, to another ‘discipleship’ era where equality of discipleship exists, like the early church prior to around 96 ce. Disciples know that they are learners and ministers and engage in Christian learning as people who are ordained through baptism-confirmation, commissioned through Holy Communion, and qualified through their Christian faith, abilities, and skills, uniquely participating in the missio dei. The implications are discussed and illustrated in three practical examples of ‘emancipatory space’: A Learning Community Approach; Theology and the People of God; and Democratizing Christian Learning. The Church is called to help people become and be disciples, not laity!
Monitoring Seasonal Fluctuation and Long‐Term Trends for the Greenland Ice Sheet Using Seismic Noise Auto‐Correlations
Authors: Luo Bingxu , Zhang Shuo , Zhu Hejun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne important feature of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) change is its strong seasonal fluctuation. Taking advantage of deployed seismographic stations in Greenland, we apply cross‐component auto‐correlation of seismic ambient noise to measure in‐situ near surface relative velocity change (dv/v) in different regions of Greenland. Our results demonstrate that dv/v measurements for most stations have less than 3 months lag times in comparison to the surface mass change. These various lag times may provide us constraints for the thickness of the subglacial till layer over different regions in Greenland. Moreover, in southwest Greenland, we observe a change in the long‐term trend of dv/v for three stations, which might be consistent with the mass change rate (dM/dt) due to the “2012–2013 warm‐cold transition.” These observations suggest that seismic noise auto‐correlation technique may be used to monitor both seasonal and long‐term changes of the GrIS.
Determination of Cirrus Occurrence and Distribution Characteristics Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on the SWOP Campaign
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Dan , Luo Jiali , Tian Wenshou , Bai Zhixuan , Li Qian , Zhang Jinqiang , Wang Haoyue , Zheng Xiangdong , Vömel Holger , Wienhold Frank G. , Peter Thomas , Hurst Dale , Bian Jianchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBalloon sounding with the Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (COBALD) and Frost Point hygrometers (FPs) provides in situ data for a better understanding of the vertical distribution of cirrus clouds. In this study, eight summer balloon‐borne measurements in Kunming (2012, 2014, 2015, and 2017) and Lhasa (2013, 2016, 2018, and 2020) over the Tibetan Plateau were used to show the distribution characteristics of cirrus clouds. Differences of cirrus occurrence were compared by different indices: the backscatter ratio (BSR) at a 455 nm/940 nm wavelength (BSR455 > 1.2/BSR940 > 2), the color index (CI > 7), and the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice > 70%). Analysis of the profiles indicated that BSR455 > 1.2 was the optimal criterion to identify the cirrus layer and depict the distribution of the CI and RHice within cirrus clouds. The results showed that the median CI (RHice) within the cirrus clouds at both sites was mostly in the 18–20 (90%–110%) range at pressures below 120 hPa. Furthermore, the balloon‐borne measurements combined with Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) measurements indicated a high frequency of cirrus occurrence near the tropopause in Kunming and Lhasa. The top height of cirrus occurrence at both sites was above the cold point tropopause and the lapse rate tropopause. Both Kunming and Lhasa had the highest frequency of thin cirrus clouds in the 0–0.4 km vertical cirrus thickness range.
Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonic History of the Altai: New Insights From Apatite U‐Pb and Fission Track Thermochronology for the Fuyun Area (Xinjiang, China)
Authors: Glorie Stijn , Nixon Angus L. , Jepson Gilby , Gillespie Jack , Warren Cameron , Meeuws Fun , Simpson Alexander , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Altai is an enigmatic, relatively young mountain belt with sharp relief (up to 4,500 m high) that developed thousands of kilometers away from the nearest current plate margins. The Fuyun area, at the interface between the southern margin of the Chinese Altai and the Junggar Basin, represents a key locality for understanding the Meso‐Cenozoic deformation and exhumation history of the Altai. The complex structural architecture of the Fuyun area suggests that multiple deformation events affected the area, which ultimately led to the exhumation of the Altai. Furthermore, the area hosts orogenic‐type mineralization, suggesting a history of fluid alteration. However, in contrast to the well‐constrained Palaeozoic history, the timing of Meso‐Cenozoic deformation, metasomatism and exhumation has not been comprehensively studied. This study presents new apatite U‐Pb, trace element and fission track data for the Fuyun area and integrates these with previous studies for the Altai to shed more light on the Meso‐Cenozoic tectonic history. The apatite U‐Pb dates, associated with LREE‐depleted trace element profiles, suggest that a phase of Middle–Late Jurassic (∼170–160 Ma) metasomatism affected the Keketuohai area, which is potentially linked to the timing of rare‐metal mineralization. The apatite fission track results and thermal history models reveal rapid early Late Cretaceous (∼100–75 Ma) cooling linked to tectonic exhumation throughout the Chinese Altai, associated with distant plate‐margin processes. In addition, samples taken in vicinity to the frontal thrusts of the Altai record evidence for Cenozoic partial resetting of the apatite fission track system.
On the Upwelling of the F Layer Base and Prediction of Equatorial Plasma Bubble
Authors: Patra A. K. , Das S. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrediction of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) continues to be a challenge for the scientific community. We present a novel data analysis approach, employed on the collocated radar and ionosonde observations from Gadanki, providing new experimental results for characterizing the overhead upwelling of the bottomside F layer and linking it to EPB formation. Using this new approach we propose a new parameter based on ionosonde observations to predict overhead occurrence of fresh EPB. Employing this new parameter on a fairly large data set of a single ionosonde station we could successfully predict overhead occurrence of all the fresh EPBs about an hour in advance. We also propose how this technique can be used for EPB prediction in a broader longitude zone.