bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments
Authors: Kolarikova Marketa , Hosikova Barbora , Dilenko Hanna , Barton‐Tomankova Katerina , Valkova Lucie , Bajgar Robert , Malina Lukas , Kolarova Hana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
Learning topology optimization process via convolutional long‐short‐term memory autoencoder‐decoder
Authors: Ma Qiaochu , DeMeter Edward C. , Basu Saurabh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article proposed an autoencoder‐decoder architecture with convolutional long‐short‐term memory (ConvLSTM) cell for the purpose of learning topology optimization iterations. The overall topology optimization process is treated as time‐series data, with each iteration as a single step. The first few steps are fed into the encoder to generate encoder embedding, which is fed into the decoder. The decoder uses the encoder embedding as input and generates the result at each future step until the end of iteration. To train the proposed neural network, a large dataset is generated by a conventional topology optimization method, that is, solid isotropic material with penalization for intermediate densities, with randomly picked boundary conditions, load conditions, and volume constraints. Unlike other deep learning models introduced before, the proposed method can learn each topology optimization step iteratively and present the full optimization path. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to give solutions to unseen boundary and load conditions with a significant reduction in computation cost in a little sacrifice on the performance of the optimum design.
Comparing Myringoplasty to Type I Tympanoplasty in Tympanic Membrane Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Nicholas Jungbauer Walter , Jeong Seth , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the anatomic success rates of type I tympanoplasty (tympanoplasty) versus myringoplasty. By our definition, tympanoplasty involves entering the middle ear via elevation of a tympanomeatal flap, while myringoplasty involves surgery to the drumhead without middle ear exposure.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane.Review MethodsTo be included, studies must have documented surgical technique, tympanic membrane (TM) perforation size (as % of TM), and success rate using tissue or alloplastic grafts. Exclusion criteria included series with more than 10% of patients with cholesteatoma or middle ear pathology. A meta‐analysis of weighted summary proportions under the random effects model was performed, and proportion differences (PD) were calculated. A secondary analysis of hearing outcomes was performed.ResultsEighty‐five studies met inclusion, with a tympanoplasty cohort of n = 7966 and n = 1759 for myringoplasty. For perforations, less than 50% of the TM, the success rate for tympanoplasty and myringoplasty was 90.2% and 91.4%, respectively (PD: 1.2%, p = .19). In perforations greater than 50%, tympanoplasty and myringoplasty success rates were 82.8% and 85.3%, respectively (PD: 2.5%, p = .29). For both procedures, perforations less than 50% of the TM had higher success rates than perforations greater than 50% of the TM (p < .01). Both techniques endorsed significant improvements to air‐bone gap (ABG) metrics.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that the anatomic success rate is similar for tympanoplasty and myringoplasty, regardless of perforation size, and that smaller perforations experience higher success rates in both techniques. ABG outcomes were also similar between procedure techniques.
Longitudinal Patient‐Reported Voice Quality in Early‐Stage Glottic Cancer
Authors: Dorr Maarten C. , Sewnaik Aniel , Andrinopoulou Elrozy , Berzenji Diako , Dronkers Emilie A.C. , Bernard Simone E. , Hoesseini Arta , Tans Lisa , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Offerman Marinella P.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePatient‐reported voice quality is an important outcome during counseling in early‐stage glottic cancer. However, there is a paucity of adequate longitudinal studies concerning voice outcomes. This study aimed to investigate longitudinal trajectories for patient‐reported voice quality and associated risk factors for treatment modalities such as transoral CO2 laser microsurgery, single vocal cord irradiation, and local radiotherapy.Study DesignA longitudinal observational cohort study.SettingTertiary cancer center.MethodsPatients treated for Tcis‐T1b, N0M0 glottic cancer were included in this study (N = 294). The Voice Handicap Index was obtained at baseline and during follow‐up (N = 1944). Mixed‐effects models were used for investigating the different trajectories for patient‐reported voice quality.ResultsThe mean follow‐up duration was 43.4 (SD 21.5) months. Patients received transoral CO2 laser microsurgery (57.8%), single vocal cord irradiation (24.5%), or local radiotherapy (17.5%). A steeper improvement during the first year after treatment for single vocal cord irradiation (−15.7) and local radiotherapy (−12.4) was seen, compared with a more stable trajectory for laser surgery (−6.1). All treatment modalities showed equivalent outcomes during long‐term follow‐up. Associated risk factors for different longitudinal trajectories were age, tumor stage, and comorbidity.ConclusionLongitudinal patient‐reported voice quality after treatment for early‐stage glottic cancer is heterogeneous and nonlinear. Most improvement is seen during the first year of follow‐up and differs between treatment modalities. No clinically significant differences in long‐term trajectories were found. Insight into longitudinal trajectories can enhance individual patient counseling and provide the foundation for an individualized dynamic prediction model.
Experimentation, simulation, and statistical analysis of nanofillers reinforced bio‐based polyurethane foam for acoustical applications
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar , Subramanian Jeyanthi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research aims to develop bio‐based polyurethane foam (PU) with nanofillers to absorb sound energy across a broad frequency range and compare experimental results to those from simulation and optimization. PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride), MgO (Magnesium oxide), and Ni (Nickel) nanofillers were incorporated into bio‐based PU through absorption and hydrothermal reduction technique, which includes mechanical stirring, compressing, heating, and evaporating. To determine the weight percentages of nanofillers, the design of the experimental approach was utilized. As per ASTM standard E 1050‐12, the bio‐based PU foam composite's sound absorption coefficient (SAC) was assessed using an impedance tube setup. Response Surface Methodology was utilized to estimate optimum sample weight percentages using a central composite design (CCD) with weight percentages of the three nanofillers as input and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) as response output. According to the CCD results, the combination of 15 wt% PVDF, 10 wt% MgO, and 5 wt% Ni shows the highest NRC value of 0.66. Then, a confirmation sample was prepared, and the NRC was calculated. The NRC achieved for the confirmation sample was 0.62. SAC simulation results are contrasted with experimental data using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. The confirmation sample's average sound pressure level (SPL) reduction ranges from 2 to 29 dB, according to the SPL plot. The conclusion shows that bio‐based composite foam may be an excellent material for absorbing sound in vehicles and aircraft and reducing industrial noise.
Evolutions of the LOPA method to a fully quantified method
Authors: Iddir Olivier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLOPA (Layer Of Protection Analysis) is a risk analysis method developed to highlight various layers of protection from the process design to the emergency response. In its basic conception, each barrier is associated with a Risk Reduction Factor (RRF) corresponding to the inverse of the probability of failure (e.g., RRF = 10 corresponds to a probability of failure on demand [PFD] = 0.1). In its most common form, the LOPA method uses orders of magnitude for the probability of failure and frequency values generally inspired by those reported by the center for chemical process safety books. Frequency of accidents then consists of multiplying the frequency of the initiating event by the PFD allocated to each barrier. The LOPA method is an attractive approach because, at first sight, it is relatively easy to implement and can be used by engineers who are not necessarily specialists in industrial risk analysis. In reality, this approach can quickly lead to an erroneous estimate of accident frequency. This article presents how LOPA can be applied in a quantified way and the expected benefits. A practical application example related to tank overflow will highlight the advantages of using a fully quantified method.
Redesigning the appearance of recycled containers for packaging applications: The effect of paper waste physicochemical properties on the performance of paperboards with obvious recycled content
Authors: Chacon Lisandra , Lavoine Nathalie , Venditti Richard A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSignificant efforts have been made over the past decade to facilitate the recognition of environmentally friendly packaging and promote sustainability. Yet, consumers remain confused by the excess of labels and claims used to communicate sustainability. In our previous work, we modified the appearance of recycled fibre‐based packaging by incorporating visible particles of fibre‐based waste. This strategy enabled consumers to better identify packages with a high recyclability level, enhancing their environmental perception towards sustainable products. However, the incorporation of such large waste particles proved to be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the paperboards. In this study, we further investigate the influence of the physicochemical properties of the added fibre‐based waste on packaging performance. Using a similar strategy to enhance the environmental perception, we herein studied the effect of mixed office waste (MOW), old magazines (OMG), and polylactic acid (PLA) paper cups. The presence of hydrophobic and difficult‐to‐process and difficult‐to‐disperse waste, such as the PLA paper cups, significantly altered the mechanical performance of the paperboards, whereas more hydrophilic and easy‐to‐disintegrate waste (MOW and OMG) had a lesser effect regardless of the size of the particles. Strength agents such as cationic starch (CS) and cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) successfully restored the properties of the paperboards containing MOW and OMG but were less effective for PLA paper cups. A multi‐ply strategy overcame the limitations of CS and CMFs using the redesigned paperboard as an outer ply for aesthetic purposes and a 100% recycled inner ply for restoring strength.
How to improve the clinical outcome of round spermatid injection (ROSI) into the oocyte: Correction of epigenetic abnormalities
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Watanabe Seiji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFirst successful human round spermatid injection (ROSI) was conducted by Tesarik et al. in 1996 for the sole treatment of nonobstructive azoospermic men whose most advanced spermatogenic cells were elongating round spermatids. Nine offsprings from ROSI were reported between 1996 and 2000. No successful deliveries were reported for 15 years after that. Tanaka et al. reported 90 babies born after ROSI and their follow‐up studies in 2015 and 2018 showed no significant differences in comparison with those born after natural conception in terms of physical and cognitive abilities. However, clinical outcomes remain low.MethodClinical and laboratory data of successful cases in the precursor ROSI groups and those of Tanaka et al. were reviewed.ResultsDifferences were found between the two groups in terms of identification of characteristics of round spermatid and oocyte activation. Additionally, epigenetic abnormalities were identified as underlying causes for poor ROSI results, besides correct identification of round spermatid and adequate oocyte activation. Correction of epigenetic errors could lead to optimal embryonic development.ConclusionCorrection of epigenetic abnormalities has a probability to improve the clinical outcome of ROSI.
Acutalourin and Acutalourone: New Metabolites Isolated from Folk Medicinal Plant Argyreia acuta Lour.
Authors: Liao Guang‐Feng , Li Yun‐Qing , Teng Ming‐Xue , Zeng Yu‐Xian , Pang Chao‐Lin , Lu Ru‐Mei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA pair of new 8‐oxa‐bicyclo[3,2,1]oct‐3‐en‐2‐one derivative enantiomers, (±)‐acutalourin [(±)‐1], a new racemic linear sesquiterpenoid acutalourone (2), along with five known caffeic acid derivatives (3–7), were isolated from Argyreia acuta Lour. The structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic data interpretation. The absolute stereochemistry of (+)‐acutalourin and (−)‐acutalourin were proposed by comparison of their experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves with the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)‐calculated curves.
Preparation of Monolayer Dispersed Fe/Attapulgite Desulfurizer and Its Desulfurization Performance at Low Temperature
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhang Zhihong , Shi Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFe/ATP (attapulgite) desulfurizers with different loads were prepared by precipitation method. XRD profiles revealed that the loading threshold of monolayer dispersion was 28.75 %. The desulfurizers were characterized by UV‐vis, FT‐IR, TPR, BET, and SEM. The performances of desulfurizers with different loads were compared. When the loading reached the threshold, both the sulfur capacity of the desulfurizer and the availability ratio of iron oxides were the highest. Beyond the threshold, the amount of Fe3+bound to the skeleton of ATP increased to form skeleton iron, and some iron oxides gathered together, causing decreases in the sulfur capacity. The dissolution amount of Fe3+showed the bonding strength between active components and ATP by acid dissolution experiments, which became stronger with increases of skeleton iron. Processes of deactivation were fitted by the deactivation model, which revealed that the changes in loadings would impact the deactivation of desulfurizers.
Verteporfin Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Combined Photo‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Singh Geetanjali , Imtiyaz Khalid , Saumya  , Rizvi Moshahid A. , Nenavathu Bhavani P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVerteporphin loaded g‐C3N4 represents a multifunctional therapeutic platform for synchronous cancer imaging and treatment through the synergistic effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy. A biocompatible nanocarrier using g‐C3N4 nanosheets for high loading and anticancer activity of photosensitizer drug verteporfin (VP) is designed. The drug encapsulation efficiency (%) of optimized mannose functionalized g‐C3N4 formulation was observed to be 68.5 % for 5 mg of nanocarrier. It was found that 63.3 % and 81 % of the total bound drug was released from the nanocarrier at pH 5.4 and pH 1.2 respectively after 48 h. Under neutral conditions (pH 7.4), 45.2 % of the drug was released from the nanocarrier in the first 48 h. The % cytotoxicity of the free drug, the drug loaded nanocarrier against human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) was found to be 91.47 % and 91.23 % respectively at the dose of 40 μg/mL and 5 mg/mL after 48 h. IC50 values also manifest the significantly lower cytotoxicity of drug loaded nanocarriers (IC50=0.195 mg/mL) as compared to free‐drug (IC50=0.156 μg/mL). For mannosylated graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), verteporfin and man‐g‐C3N4@VP the values of mean ± std. deviation were found to be 4.14±2.46; 55.39±2.76; 63.27±1.74 respectively. Terephthalic acid assay confirmed formation of hydroxyl radicals in the solution treated with nanocarrier. This study suggests that g‐C3N4 is a promising use in drug carrier, cancer diagnosis and therapy. The combined effects of the high efficacy of ROS generation under UV light irradiation, low toxicity, and bio‐compatibility highlight the potential of verteporphin loaded g‐C3N4 for PDT.
When few give to many and many give to few: Corporate social responsibility strategies under India's legal mandate
Authors: Gatignon Aline , Bode Christiane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies under India's 2013 legal mandate. We study 12,086 firms and 86,755 projects from 2014 to 2017. Using an abductive approach, we examine firms’ choices of social causes, geographic locations, implementation channels, and number of projects through four theoretical lenses. Firms adopt two main CSR strategies: the first and most common has a narrow focus, while the second, pursued by few (typically leading firms and State‐owned enterprises), is broader. Both strategies appear primarily driven by instrumental stakeholder concerns. While the second leads to stronger differentiation and holds greater potential for social impact, neither strategy leverages firms’ comparative efficiency over nonprofit actors. These insights shed light on how firms address grand challenges and can inform CSR regulations.Managerial SummaryAfter India passed a law making corporate social responsibility (CSR) mandatory in 2013, firms had to decide how to spend the funds they were required to disburse. We examine their choices regarding their projects' target social causes, geographies, implementation channels, and how many projects to pursue. We find that they typically adopted one of two strategies: most firms chose a narrow focus on similar projects, whereas leading firms and State‐owned enterprises typically adopted a broader and more distinctive approach. Both choices appear primarily driven by the desire to satisfy firms' stakeholders rather than efficiency considerations, but the broader strategy holds greater potential for social impact. Our paper identifies actions firms and governments can take to enhance the benefits of legal mandates for CSR.
Recent Progress in Emerging Novel MXenes Based Materials and their Fascinating Sensing Applications
Authors: Khan Karim , Tareen Ayesha Khan , Iqbal Muhammad , Ye Zhang , Xie Zhongjian , Mahmood Asif , Mahmood Nasir , Zhang Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly transition metals based 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides nanomaterials are known as MXenes, a novel and extensive new class of 2D materials family. Since the first accidently synthesis based discovery of Ti3C2in 2011, more than 50 additional compositions have been experimentally reported, including at least eight distinct synthesis methods and also more than 100 stoichiometries are theoretically studied. Due to its distinctive surface chemistry, graphene like shape, metallic conductivity, high hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, redox capacity and affordable with mass‐produced nature, this diverse MXenes are of tremendous scientific and technological significance. In this review, first we'll come across the MXene based nanomaterials possible synthesis methods, their advantages, limitations and future suggestions, new chemistry related to their selected properties and potential sensing applications, which will help us to explain why this family is growing very fast as compared to other 2D families. Secondly, problems that help to further improve commercialization of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are examined, and many advances in the commercializing of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are proposed. At the end, we'll go through the current challenges, limitations and future suggestions.
Structural Analysis and Intrinsic Enzyme Mimicking Activities of Ligand‐Free PtAg Nanoalloys
Authors: Chen Lizhen , Klemeyer Lars , Ruan Mingbo , Liu Xin , Werner Stefan , Xu Weilin , Koeppen Andrea , Bücker Robert , Gonzalez Marta Gallego , Koziej Dorota , Parak Wolfgang J. , Chakraborty Indranath 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanozymes are nanomaterials with biocatalytic properties under physiological conditions and are one class of artificial enzymes to overcome the high cost and low stability of natural enzymes. However, surface ligands on nanomaterials will decrease the catalytic activity of the nanozymes by blocking the active sites. To address this limitation, ligand‐free PtAg nanoclusters (NCs) are synthesized and applied as nanozymes for various enzyme‐mimicking reactions. By taking advantage of the mutual interaction of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐8) and Pt precursors, a good dispersion of PtAg bimetal NCs with a diameter of 1.78 ± 0.1 nm is achieved with ZIF‐8 as a template. The incorporation of PtAgNCs in the voids of ZIF‐8 is confirmed with structural analysis using the atomic pair‐distribution function and powder X‐ray diffraction. Importantly, the PtAgNCs present good catalytic activity for various enzyme‐mimicking reactions, including peroxidase‐/catalase‐ and oxidase‐like reactions. Further, this work compares the catalytic activity between PtAg NCs and PtAg nanoparticles with different compositions and finds that these two nanozymes present a converse dependency of Ag‐loading on their activity. This study contributes to the field of nanozymes and presents a potential option to prepare ligand‐free bimetal biocatalysts with sizes in the nanocluster regime.
One‐Step Assembly of Versatile Multifunctional Coatings Based on Host‐Guest and Polyphenol Chemistry
Authors: Han Lulu , Ji Jiaxin , Zhang Chong , Sun Bingjian , Chao Zhenhua , Zhu Hua , Gao Xiaorong , Ren Jun , Ji Fangling , Ma Liming , Jia Lingyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeveloping a facile, efficient, and versatile polyphenol coating strategy and exploring its novel applications are of great significance in the fields of material surfaces and interfaces. Herein, a one‐step assembly strategy for constructing novel tannic acid (TA) coatings via a solvent evaporation method is reported using TA and polycyclodextrin (PCD) particles (TPP). TPP with a high phenolic group activity of 88% integrates the advantages of host‐guest and polyphenol chemistry. The former can drive TPP dynamically assemble into a large and collective aggregation activated by high temperature or density, and the latter provides excellent adhesion properties to substrates (0.9 mg cm−2). TPP can assemble into a coating (TPC) rapidly on various substrates within 1 h at 37 °C while with a high availability of feed TPP (≈90%). The resulting TPC is not only high‐temperature steam‐sensitive for use as an anti‐fake mask but also pH‐sensitive for transforming into a free‐standing film under physiological conditions. Moreover, various metal ions and functional particles can incorporate into TPC to extend its versatile properties including antibacterial activity, enhanced stability, and conductivity. This work expands the polyphenol coating strategy and builds up a one‐step and efficient preparation platform of polyphenol coating for multiapplication prospects in various fields.