bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von der „Losigkeit“ zum Facharzt für Allgemeinmedizin
Authors: Funk Franziska , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vor gut 30 Jahren erkämpfte sich die Allgemeinmedizin gegen umfangreiche Widerstände den Status eines eigenen Fachgebietes. Kennzeichnend für den vorherigen Zustand des „Losigkeitssyndroms“ war u. a., dass es keine eigene Terminologie, keine definierten Gebietsgrenzen und keine akademische Tradition in den alten Bundesländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) gab. Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse war es, Hypothesen für die Entwicklung des Facharztes für Allgemeinmedizin in Deutschland als wesentlichen Schritt heraus aus der „Losigkeit“ darzustellen.

Methoden
Es wurden Ärzt*innen der Allgemeinmedizin aus der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR) und der BRD zur Entwicklung des Facharztes für Allgemeinmedizin mithilfe eines teilstandardisierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Die Interviews wurden inhaltsanalytisch deduktiv und induktiv nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden Interviews mit 28 Teilnehmern durchgeführt. Das durchschnittliche Alter der Teilnehmenden betrug 75 Jahre (Minimum: 50 Jahre Maximum: 91 Jahre); 18 % waren weiblich und 64 % ursprünglich in der BRD tätig. Die Teilnehmenden sahen unter anderem die verschwimmenden Grenzen zu anderen Gebieten, die die Zusammenarbeit mit Spezialisten damals prägte, und die mangelnde Akzeptanz der Eigenständigkeit des Fachs als hemmende Faktoren in der Entwicklung eines eigenen Gebiets. Als begleitendes Symptom dieser Situation wurde die fehlende und nur schleppend voranschreitende Etablierung des Fachs an den Hochschulen benannt. Es gab einen wichtigen Einfluss der in der DDR qualifizierten Allgemeinärzten für die Einführung eines gesamtdeutschen Facharztes für Allgemeinmedizin.

Schlussfolgerungen
Der Facharztstatus für die Allgemeinmedizin ist durch den Einfluss des Selbstverständnisses für das Fach in der ehemaligen DDR mit beeinflusst worden. Die andauernde Entwicklung im Bereich der Optimierung der Weiterbildung und in der Forschung sorgt bis heute dafür, dass sich das Gebiet der Allgemeinmedizin immer selbstbewusster entwickeln kann.
The impact of trade liberalisation on the gender wage gap in urban China: The role of sectoral switching costs
Authors: Sun Haopeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of trade liberalisation on the welfare of workers depends on the nature and magnitude of switching costs that workers face in moving across sectors. This paper investigates the impact of trade liberalisation on the gender wage gap in China, emphasising the role of sectoral switching costs in driving the effect. Using the local labour market approach as the identification strategy, I find that a one-standard-deviation increase in regional trade exposure is associated with a 3.2% increase in the gender wage gap during the 1992–2009 period. The emergence of the empirical pattern is mainly because the sectoral switching costs are larger for females than males. Since trade liberalisation leads to labour reallocation across sectors, the presence of asymmetric sectoral switching costs thus prevents female workers initially employed in the manufacturing sector from accessing advanced service industries, resulting in a rising gender wage gap after the trade. As a response, female manufacturing workers are forced to either be employed in low-skill service industries or exit the labour market. This paper carries strong implications for policies that both promote gender equity and help trade-displaced workers.
Lexical stability of psychiatric clinical notes from electronic health records over a decade
Authors: Hansen Lasse , Enevoldsen Kenneth , Bernstorff Martin , Perfalk Erik , Danielsen Andreas A. , Nielbo Kristoffer L. , Østergaard Søren D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Natural language processing (NLP) methods hold promise for improving clinical prediction by utilising information otherwise hidden in the clinical notes of electronic health records. However, clinical practice – as well as the systems and databases in which clinical notes are recorded and stored – change over time. As a consequence, the content of clinical notes may also change over time, which could degrade the performance of prediction models. Despite its importance, the stability of clinical notes over time has rarely been tested.

Methods:
The lexical stability of clinical notes from the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region in the period from January 1, 2011, to November 22, 2021 (a total of 14,811,551 clinical notes describing 129,570 patients) was assessed by quantifying sentence length, readability, syntactic complexity and clinical content. Changepoint detection models were used to estimate potential changes in these metrics.

Results:
We find lexical stability of the clinical notes over time, with minor deviations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 2988 data points, 17 possible changepoints (corresponding to 0.6%) were detected. The majority of these were related to the discontinuation of a specific note type.

Conclusion:
We find lexical and syntactic stability of clinical notes from psychiatric services over time, which bodes well for the use of NLP for predictive modelling in clinical psychiatry.
‘Now I Have Found Myself, and I Am Happy’: Marta Olmos, Sex Reassignment, the Media and Mexico on a Global Stage, 1952–7
Authors: Jones Ryan M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn May 1954, the story broke internationally of Marta Olmos, recipient of the first widely known, male-to-female sex reassignment conducted in Mexico. Her doctor, Rafael Sandoval Camacho, claimed that homosexuality could be cured and that, through transitions, queer Mexicans could be made into ‘socially useful’ citizens. While initially celebrated as a scientific triumph placing Mexico among elite nations, and receiving support from individuals close to the Ruiz Cortines administration, opinions soured as critics – physicians, politicians, cartoonists and clerics – condemned Marta for renouncing manhood through a fraudulent cure that threatened the binary sex/gender order underpinning Mexican nationalism. Sex reassignment, understood through foreigners including Christine Jorgensen and associated with ‘anti-social’ queer Mexicans, thus exemplified misplaced priorities during a period in which the state sought to ‘modernise patriarchy’. While self-affirming for Marta and permitted unofficially through state indifference, sex reassignment became seen as anti-Mexican. Thus, Marta's case illuminated how the state reconciled development with policing its patriarchal order.
Unravelling Britishness
Authors: Webster Wendy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis piece follows Stuart Ward's Untied Kingdom as it traverses a collapsing British Empire and an increasingly disunited United Kingdom to tell the complex history of Britishness in retreat across the world, mainly between 1945 and the early twenty-first century. It reviews some of the shifting meanings of Britishness that Ward charts in different contexts, different territories and at different moments in this history and the dwindling resonance of Britishness almost everywhere. It reviews other main themes that thread through the book: language, migration, race, belonging and unbelonging, nationalism, violence, and the impact of imperialism and colonialism on cultures, societies and mindsets.
Paramedic-Performed Prehospital Tele-Ultrasound: A Powerful Technology or an Impractical Endeavor? A Scoping Review
Authors: Shi Rachel , Rosario Javier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUltrasound with remote assistance (tele-ultrasound) may have potential to improve accessibility of ultrasound for prehospital patients. A review of recent literature on this topic has not been done before, and the feasibility of prehospital tele-ultrasound performed by non-physician personnel is unclear. In an effort to address this, the literature was qualitatively analyzed from January 1, 2010 – December 31, 2021 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane online databases on prehospital, paramedic-acquired tele-ultrasound, and ten articles were found. There was considerable heterogeneity in the study design, technologies used, and the amount of ultrasound training for the paramedics, preventing cross-comparisons of different studies. Tele-ultrasound has potential to improve ultrasound accessibility by leveraging skills of a remote ultrasound expert, but there are still technological barriers to overcome before determinations on feasibility can be made.
The contribution of Australian fathers in getting food on the table among families with young children
Authors: Kuswara Konsita , Vidgen Helen , Love Penelope , Laws Rachel , Campbell Karen J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:To explore how fathers with young children contributed to healthy home food provisioning and the factors enabling or inhibiting their involvement in family food tasks.Design:Cross-sectional study using purpose-designed online survey. The survey assessed the level of responsibilities and practices in family food tasks, food agency (Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale), and use of resources to support involvement in family food tasks. Data collection took place over 3 weeks in November–December 2020 when various COVID-19-related restrictions were in place. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to assess psychosocial factors influencing responsibilities in family food tasks and food agency.Setting:Online survey.Participants:Included in the analysis were 435 Australian fathers with children aged under 5 years.Results:Between 75 and 77 % of fathers in this study reported having at least half of the responsibilities in meal planning, shopping, and cooking. Health was frequently considered when deciding what to eat, but few used nutrition or food labels when shopping, tried new recipes or modified recipes to make them healthier. Involvement in family food tasks was promoted by a higher food agency, but time spent in employment was a significant barrier to reported food agency and greater involvement in food tasks. There was a high interest in resources to support healthy home food provisioning.Conclusions:The findings suggest the need to consider father-specific strategies to overcome time barriers and opportunities to enhance their capabilities for healthy home food provisioning.
Phytoremediation of Lead‐Contaminated Soil in the Westside of Atlanta, GA
Authors: Yao X. , Saikawa E. , Warner S. , D’Souza P. E. , Ryan P. B. , Barr D. B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhytoremediation has been explored as a cost‐effective method to remediate soil Pb contamination. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Vigna unguiculata, Brassica pekinensis, Gomphrena globose, and Helianthus annuus for removing and immobilizing Pb in soil collected from the Westside Lead Superfund site in Atlanta. Plants were cultivated in sampled soil with a Pb concentration of 515 ± 10 mg/kg for 60 days. Soils growing H. annuus were additionally treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (0.1 g/kg) or compost (20% soil blend) to assess their capabilities for enhancing phytoremediation. Mean post‐phytoremediation Pb concentrations in the four plant species were 23.5, 25.7, 50.0, and 58.1 mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively, and were substantially higher than 1.55 mg/kg DW in respective plant species grown in control soils with no Pb contamination. The highest Pb concentration, translocation factor, and biomass were found in V. unguiculate among four species without soil amendments. H. annuus treated with EDTA and compost resulted in a significant increase in the total Pb uptake and larger biomass compared to non‐treated plants, respectively. Although this study found that V. unguiculata was the best candidate for Pb accumulation and immobilization among four species, soil remediation was limited to 54 mg/kg in a growing season. We find that it is critically important to perform phytostabilization in a secure manner, since Pb bioavailability of edible plant parts implies the potential risk associated with their unintentional consumption. Efficiently and effectively remediating Pb‐contaminated soils in a low‐cost manner needs to be further studied.
Meridional Connectivity of a 25‐Year Observational AMOC Record at 47°N
Authors: Wett Simon , Rhein Monika , Kieke Dagmar , Mertens Christian , Moritz Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince climate model studies project a decline of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the 21st century, monitoring AMOC changes remains essential. While AMOC variability is expected to be coherent across latitudes on longer than decadal timescales, connectivity on inter‐annual and seasonal timescales is less clear. Model studies and observational estimates disagree on the regions and timescales of meridional connectivity and AMOC observations at multiple latitudes are needed to study its connectivity. We calculate basin‐wide AMOC volume transports (1993–2018) from measurements of the North Atlantic Changes (NOAC) array at 47°N, combining data from moored instruments with hydrography and satellite altimetry. The mean NOAC AMOC is 17.2 Sv exhibiting no long‐term trend. Both the unfiltered and low‐pass filtered NOAC AMOC show a significant correlation with the RAPID‐MOCHA‐WBTS AMOC at 26°N when the NOAC AMOC leads by about one year.
Disintegration and Buttressing Effect of the Landfast Sea Ice in the Larsen B Embayment, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Sun Yudong , Riel Bryan , Minchew Brent 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe speed‐up of glaciers following ice shelf collapse can accelerate ice mass loss dramatically. Investigating the deformation of landfast sea ice enables studying its resistive (buttressing) stresses and mechanisms driving ice collapse. Here, we apply offset tracking to Sentinel‐1A/B synthetic aperture radar data to obtain a 2014–2022 time‐series of horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of landfast ice filling the embayment formerly covered by the Larsen B Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula until 2002. The landfast ice disintegrated in 2022, and we find that it was precipitated by a few large opening rifts. Grounded glaciers did not accelerate instantaneously after the collapse, which implies little buttressing effect from landfast ice, a conclusion also supported by the near‐zero correlation between glacier velocity and landfast ice area. Our observations suggest that buttressing stresses are unlikely to be recovered by landfast sea ice over sub‐decadal timescales following the collapse of an ice shelf.
Enabling Boomless CubeSat Magnetic Field Measurements With the Quad‐Mag Magnetometer and an Improved Underdetermined Blind Source Separation Algorithm
Authors: Hoffmann Alex Paul , Moldwin Mark B. , Strabel Brady P. , Ojeda Lauro V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn situ magnetic field measurements are often difficult to obtain due to the presence of stray magnetic fields generated by spacecraft electrical subsystems. The conventional solution is to implement strict magnetic cleanliness requirements and place magnetometers on a deployable boom. However, this method is not always feasible on low‐cost platforms due to factors such as increased design complexity, increased cost, and volume limitations. To overcome these problems, we propose using the Quad‐Mag CubeSat magnetometer with an improved Underdetermined Blind Source Separation (UBSS) noise removal algorithm. The Quad‐Mag consists of four magnetometer sensors in a single CubeSat form‐factor card that allows distributed measurements of stray magnetic fields. The UBSS algorithm can remove stray magnetic fields without prior knowledge of the magnitude, orientation, or number of noise sources. UBSS is a two‐stage algorithm that identifies signals through cluster analysis and separates them through compressive sensing. We use UBSS with single‐source point detection to improve the identification of noise signals and iteratively‐weighted compressed sensing to separate noise signals from the ambient magnetic field. Using a mock CubeSat, we demonstrate in the lab that UBSS reduces four noise signals producing more than 100 nT of noise at each magnetometer to below the expected instrument resolution (5 nT at 65 Hz). Additionally, we show that the integrated Quad‐Mag and improved UBSS system works well for 1U, 2U, 3U, and 6U CubeSats in simulation. Our results show that the Quad‐Mag and UBSS noise cancellation package enables high‐fidelity magnetic field measurements from a CubeSat without a boom.
Modeling Kelvin Helmholtz Instability Tube and Knot Dynamics and Their Impact on Mixing in the Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Mixa Tyler S. , Lund Thomas S. , Fritts David C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present modeling results of tube and knot (T&K) dynamics accompanying thermospheric Kelvin Helmholtz Instabilities (KHI) in an event captured by the 2018 Super Soaker campaign (R. L. Mesquita et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027972). Chemical tracers released by a rocketsonde on 26 January 2018 showed coherent KHI in the lower thermosphere that rapidly deteriorated within 45–90 s. Using wind and temperature data from the event, we conducted high resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) employing both wide and narrow spanwise domains to facilitate (wide domain case) and prohibit (narrow domain case) the axial deformation of KH billows that allows tubes and knots to form. KHI T&K dynamics are shown to produce accelerated instability evolution consistent with the observations, achieving peak dissipation rates nearly two times larger and 1.8 buoyancy periods faster than axially uniform KHI generated by the same initial conditions. Rapidly evolving twist waves are revealed to drive the transition to turbulence; their evolution precludes the formation of secondary convective instabilities and secondary KHI seen to dominate the turbulence evolution in artificially constrained laboratory and simulation environments. T&K dynamics extract more kinetic energy from the background environment and yield greater irreversible energy exchange and entropy production, yet they do so with weaker mixing efficiency due to greater energy dissipation. The results suggest that enhanced mixing from thermospheric KHI T&K events could account for the discrepancy between modeled and observed mixing in the lower thermosphere (Garcia et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021208; Liu, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091474) and merits further study.
Early childhood adversity and body mass index in childhood and adolescence: linking registry data on adversities with school health records of 53,401 children from Copenhagen
Authors: Elsenburg Leonie K. , Rieckmann Andreas , Bengtsson Jessica , Lange Theis , Baker Jennifer L. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
We examined whether childhood adversity experienced in early childhood (0–5 years) is related to body mass index (BMI) in childhood (6–7 years) and adolescence (12–15 years).

Methods
This study combined data from the nationwide register-based DANLIFE study on childhood adversities with data on height and weight of school children in Copenhagen. Data were available for 53,401 children born in Denmark between 1980 and 1996. Children were divided into groups of early childhood adversity by applying group-based multi-trajectory modelling using their yearly count of childhood adversity in three dimensions (i.e., material deprivation, loss or threat of loss, and family dynamics) from 0–5 years. Direct and total associations between the early childhood adversity groups and BMI z-scores in childhood and adolescence were estimated using sex-stratified structural equation models.

Results
Five exclusive and exhaustive groups of early childhood adversity were identified, which were characterized by low adversity (51%), moderate material deprivation (30%), high material deprivation (14%), loss or threat of loss (3%) and high adversity (2%). Boys and girls exposed to moderate or high material deprivation and loss or threat of loss had a slightly higher BMI z-score, especially in adolescence, compared with those in the low adversity group, with the strongest association found for girls in the loss or threat of loss group (b (95% CI) = 0.18 (0.10, 0.26)). Additionally, boys in the high adversity group had a slightly lower BMI z-score in childhood than boys in the low adversity group (b (95% CI) = −0.12 (−0.22, −0.02)).

Conclusions
Whereas associations with BMI were found for children and adolescents exposed to material deprivation, loss or threat of loss, and high adversity, the effect sizes were generally small. Contrary to prevailing hypotheses, weight changes in childhood is probably not a major explanatory mechanism linking early childhood adversity with later-life morbidity.
Novel epigenetic molecular therapies for imprinting disorders
Authors: Wang Sung Eun , Jiang Yong-hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenomic imprinting disorders are caused by the disruption of genomic imprinting processes leading to a deficit or increase of an active allele. Their unique molecular mechanisms underlying imprinted genes offer an opportunity to investigate epigenetic-based therapy for reactivation of an inactive allele or reduction of an active allele. Current treatments are based on managing symptoms, not targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying imprinting disorders. Here, we highlight molecular approaches of therapeutic candidates in preclinical and clinical studies for individual imprinting disorders. These include the significant progress of discovery and testing of small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR mediated genome editing approaches as new therapeutic strategies. We discuss the significant challenges of translating these promising therapies from the preclinical stage to the clinic, especially for genome editing based approaches.
Evaluation of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis protocol in hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Lee Angela , Badgley Corinne , Lo Mimi , Banez Marisela Tan , Graff Larissa , Damon Lloyd , Martin Thomas , Dzundza John , Wong Melisa , Olin Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at risk for thromboembolic and bleeding complications. There is limited evidence regarding the optimal approach to managing venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitalized patients undergoing HCT. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of bleeding and VTE events in hospitalized HCT patients who received VTE prophylaxis per our institution’s VTE Prophylaxis Protocol (VPP), with either enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously daily or heparin 5 000 units subcutaneously twice daily, compared to historical controls who did not receive VTE prophylaxis. The primary outcome was a composite of major bleeding events, clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB), and minor bleeding. The secondary outcome was a composite of VTE events. A total of 614 patients were evaluated, including 278 prior to and 336 after implementation of VPP. VTE prophylaxis resulted in no difference in bleeding events (15.1% in the pre-VPP group vs. 14.6% in the post-VPP group, p = 0.86) or composite of major and CRNMB events (0.72% vs. 0.30%, p = 0.59). There was a trend toward lower incidence of VTE events in the post-VPP group which did not reach statistical significance (8.6% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.20). We conclude that VTE prophylaxis does not pose additional bleeding risk in HCT patients.