bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep reinforcement learning for turbulent drag reduction in channel flows
Authors: Guastoni Luca , Rabault Jean , Schlatter Philipp , Azizpour Hossein , Vinuesa Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally efficient, parallelized, high-fidelity fluid simulations, ready to interface with established RL agent programming interfaces. This allows for both testing existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms against a challenging task, and advancing our knowledge of a complex, turbulent physical system that has been a major topic of research for over two centuries, and remains, even today, the subject of many unanswered questions. The control is applied in the form of blowing and suction at the wall, while the observable state is configurable, allowing to choose different variables such as velocity and pressure, in different locations of the domain. Given the complex nonlinear nature of turbulent flows, the control strategies proposed so far in the literature are physically grounded, but too simple. DRL, by contrast, enables leveraging the high-dimensional data that can be sampled from flow simulations to design advanced control strategies. In an effort to establish a benchmark for testing data-driven control strategies, we compare opposition control, a state-of-the-art turbulence-control strategy from the literature, and a commonly used DRL algorithm, deep deterministic policy gradient. Our results show that DRL leads to 43% and 30% drag reduction in a minimal and a larger channel (at a friction Reynolds number of 180), respectively, outperforming the classical opposition control by around 20 and 10 percentage points, respectively.
A NEW FRACTAL MODIFIED BENJAMIN–BONA–MAHONY EQUATION: ITS GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND ABUNDANT EXACT SOLUTIONS
Authors: WANG KANG-JIA , SI JING , WANG GUO DONG , SHI FENG 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we derive a new fractal modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation (MBBME) that can model the long wave in the fractal dispersive media of the optical illusion field based on He’s fractal derivative. First, we apply the semi-inverse method (SIM) to develop its fractal generalized variational principle with the aid of the fractal two-scale transforms. The obtained fractal generalized variational principle reveals the conservation laws via the energy form in the fractal space. Second, Wang’s Bäcklund transformation-based method, which combines the Bäcklund transformation and the symbolic computation with the ansatz function schemes, is used to study the abundant exact solutions. Some new solutions in the form of the rational function-type, double-exp function-type, Sin-Cos function-type and the Sinh-Cosh function-type are successfully constructed. The impact of the fractal orders on the behaviors of the different solutions is elaborated in detail via the 3D plots, 2D contours and 2D curves, where we can find that: (1) When the fractal order [Formula: see text], the direction of wave propagation tends to be more vertical to the [Formula: see text]-axis, on the other hand, it tends to be more parallel to the [Formula: see text]-axis when [Formula: see text]; (2) The fractal order cannot impact the peak amplitude of the waveform; (3) For the periodic waveform, the fractal orders can affect its period, that is, the period becomes smaller when the fractal order [Formula: see text]. The obtained results show that the proposed methods are effective and powerful, and can construct the abundant exact solutions, which are expected to give some new enlightenment to study the variational theory and traveling wave solutions of the fractal partial differential equations.
Iterated integrals, multiple zeta values and Selberg integrals
Authors: Li Jiangtao 
Published: April 2023

Classical multiple zeta values can be viewed as iterated integrals of the differentials [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we reprove Brown’s theorem: For [Formula: see text], the iterated integral of the form [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-linear combination of multiple zeta values of weight [Formula: see text] if convergent. What is more, we show that if [Formula: see text] are in a [Formula: see text]-algebra generated by multiple polylogarithms and their dual, and if [Formula: see text], are in a [Formula: see text]-algebra generated by logarithm, then the iterated integral [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-linear combination of multiple zeta values. As an application of our main results, we show that the coefficients of the Taylor expansions of the Selberg integrals [Formula: see text] (with respect to [Formula: see text]) at the integral points in some product of right half complex plane are [Formula: see text]-linear combinations of multiple zeta values for any [Formula: see text] This statement generalizes Terasoma’s original result.
miR-31-5p as a Potential Circulating Biomarker and Tracer of Clinical Improvement for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Dziadkowiak Edyta , Baczyńska Dagmara , Wieczorek Małgorzata , Olbromski Mateusz , Moreira Helena , Mrozowska Monika , Budrewicz Sławomir , Dzięgiel Piotr , Barg Ewa , Koszewicz Magdalena 
Published: April 2023

Background. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small noncoding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are involved in many biological processes such as proliferation, cell differentiation, neovascularization, and apoptosis. Studies on microRNA expression may contribute to a better understanding of the pathomechanism of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and consequently enable the development of new therapeutic measures using antisense miRNAs (antagomirs). In this study, we evaluated the level of miR-31-5p in the serum of patients with CIDP and its correlation with the miR-31-5p level and clinical presentation and electrophysiological and biochemical parameters. Methods. The study group consisted of 48 patients, mean age

61.60
±
11.76

, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a typical variant of CIDP. The expression of miR-31-5p in patient serum probes was investigated by droplet digital PCR. The results were correlated with neurophysiological findings and the patient’s clinical and biochemical parameters. Results. The mean copy number of miRNA-31 in 100 μl serum was

1288.64
±
2001.02

in the CIDP group of patients, while in the control group, it was

3743.09
±
4026.90

. There was a significant positive correlation (0.426) between IgIV treatment duration and miR-31-5p expression. Patients without IgIV treatment showed significantly lower levels of miR-31 compared to the treated group (

259.44
±
304.02

vs.

1559.48
±
2168.45

;

p
=
0.002

). The group of patients with

body

weight
>
80

kg

showed statistically significantly lower levels of miRNA-31-5p than the patients with lower body weight (

934.37
±
1739.66

vs.

1784.62
±
2271.62

, respectively;

p
=
0.014

). Similarly, the patients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels had significantly higher miRNA-31-5p expression than those with normal protein levels (

1393.93
±
1932.27

vs.

987.38
±
2364.10

, respectively;

p
=
0.044

). Conclusion. The results may support the hypothesis that miR-31-5p is strongly involved in the autoimmune process in CIDP. The positive correlation between higher miR-31-5p levels and duration of IVIg treatment may be an additional factor explaining the efficacy of prolonged IVIg therapy in CIDP.
Structural and Functional Impact of Posttranslational Modification of Glypican-3 on Liver Carcinogenesis
Authors: Schepers Emily J. , Glaser Kathryn , Zwolshen Harrison M. , Hartman Stephen J. , Bondoc Alexander J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GPC3 undergoes extensive posttranslational modification (PTM) including cleavage and glycosylation. This review focuses on the structure and function of GPC3 in liver cancer, highlighting the PTM of the tertiary and quaternary structures of GPC3 as a potential oncogenic regulatory mechanism. We propose that the function of GPC3 in normal development can vary with extensive PTM and that dysregulation of these processes leads to disease. Defining the regulatory impact of these modifications can provide a deeper understanding of the role of GPC3 in oncogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and drug development. Through review of current literature, this article provides a unique perspective on the role of GPC3 in liver cancer, focusing on potential regulatory mechanisms of PTM on GPC3 function at the molecular, cellular, and disease level.
The Association of Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay F. , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Howell Carrie R. , Brinkman Tara M. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Delaney Angela , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Henderson Tara O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
Childhood cancer survivors experience reduced physiologic reserve, or frailty, earlier and more frequently than peers. In other populations, frailty is impacted by one's neighborhood. This study's purpose was to evaluate associations between neighborhood characteristics and frailty in childhood cancer survivors.

Methods:
Participants in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study with geocoded residential addresses were analyzed. Pre-frailty/Frailty was defined as having 1–2/≥3 of sarcopenia, muscle weakness, poor endurance, slow walking speed, and exhaustion from direct assessments. Neighborhood characteristics [e.g., access to exercise opportunities and healthy food, neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), and rurality/urbanicity] were determined using publicly available geospatial data. Nested multivariable logistic regression models identified associations between neighborhood characteristics and pre-frailty/frailty, adjusting for chronic health conditions, individual health behaviors and socio-demographics, and high-risk cancer treatment exposures.

Results:
For our cohort (N = 3,806, 46.79% female, 81.40% white, mean age 33.63±9.91 years), compared with non-frail survivors (n = 2,573; 67.6%), pre-frail (n = 900; 23.6%) and frail survivors (n = 333; 8.7%) were more likely to live in neighborhoods with decreased exercise opportunities (frail OR: 1.62, 1.26–2.09), reduced healthy food access (pre-frail OR: 1.28, 1.08–1.51; frail OR: 1.36, 1.06–1.75), and lower nSES (pre-frail OR: 1.31, 1.12–1.52; frail OR: 1.64, 1.30–2.07). Participants had 8% increased odds (95% confidence interval, 2%–14%) of being pre-frail/frail if they lived in “resource poor” neighborhoods as opposed to “resource rich” neighborhoods after adjusting for other pre-frailty/frailty risk factors.

Conclusions:
The neighborhood a childhood cancer survivor resides in as an adult is associated with pre-frailty/frailty.

Impact:
This study provides valuable information for creating interventions using neighborhood-level factors to mitigate frailty and improve health outcomes in survivors.
See related commentary by Bhandari and Armenian, p. 997
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote a Hepatic Premetastatic Niche via a Cascade of Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Heo Woohang , Lee Woochan , Cheun Jong Ho , Lee Eun-Shin , Li Songbin , Kim Hoe suk , Son Hye-Youn , Kim Ju Hee , Woo Yeon Duk , Chung Doo Hyun , Yun Jihui , Jung Ji Gwang , Lee Han-Byoel , Han Wonshik , Kim Hong-Kyu , Kim Jong-Il , Moon Hyeong-Gon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often develop metastases in visceral organs including the liver, but the detailed molecular mechanisms of TNBC liver metastasis is not clearly understood. In this study, we tried to dissect the process of premetastatic niche formation in the liver by using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TNBC with different metastatic propensity. RNA sequencing of TNBC PDX models that successfully metastasized to liver showed upregulation of the Cx3cr1 gene in the liver microenvironment. In syngeneic breast cancer models, the Cx3cr1 upregulation in liver preceded the development of cancer cell metastasis and was the result of recruitment of CX3CR1-expressing macrophages. The recruitment was induced by the CX3CL1 production from the liver endothelial cells and this CX3CL1–CX3CR1 signaling in the premetastatic niche resulted in upregulation of MMP9 that promoted macrophage migration and cancer cell invasion. In addition, our data suggest that the extracellular vesicles derived from the breast cancer cells induced the TNFα expression in liver, which leads to the CX3CL1 upregulation. Lastly, the plasma CX3CL1 levels in 155 patients with breast cancer were significantly associated with development of liver metastasis.

Implications:
Our data provides previously unknown cascades regarding the molecular education of premetastatic niche in liver for TNBC.
Targeting the IL1β Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Diwanji Rohan , O'Brien Neil A. , Choi Jiyoung E. , Nguyen Beverly , Laszewski Tyler , Grauel Angelo L. , Yan Zheng , Xu Xin , Wu Jincheng , Ruddy David A. , Piquet Michelle , Pelletier Marc R. , Savchenko Alexander , Charette LaSalette , Rodrik-Outmezguine Vanessa , Baum Jason , Millholland John M. , Wong Connie C. , Martin Anne-Marie , Dranoff Glenn , Pruteanu-Malinici Iulian , Cremasco Viviana , Sabatos-Peyton Catherine , Jayaraman Pushpa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

High levels of IL1β can result in chronic inflammation, which in turn can promote tumor growth and metastasis. Inhibition of IL1β could therefore be a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer. Here, the effects of IL1β blockade induced by the mAbs canakinumab and gevokizumab were evaluated alone or in combination with docetaxel, anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1), anti-VEGFα, and anti-TGFβ treatment in syngeneic and humanized mouse models of cancers of different origin. Canakinumab and gevokizumab did not show notable efficacy as single-agent therapies; however, IL1β blockade enhanced the effectiveness of docetaxel and anti–PD-1. Accompanying these effects, blockade of IL1β alone or in combination induced significant remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME), with decreased numbers of immune suppressive cells and increased tumor infiltration by dendritic cells (DC) and effector T cells. Further investigation revealed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) were the cell type most affected by treatment with canakinumab or gevokizumab in terms of change in gene expression. IL1β inhibition drove phenotypic changes in CAF populations, particularly those with the ability to influence immune cell recruitment. These results suggest that the observed remodeling of the TME following IL1β blockade may stem from changes in CAF populations. Overall, the results presented here support the potential use of IL1β inhibition in cancer treatment. Further exploration in ongoing clinical studies will help identify the best combination partners for different cancer types, cancer stages, and lines of treatment.
Influence of Adipose Tissue Distribution, Sarcopenia, and Nutritional Status on Clinical Outcomes After CD19 CAR T-cell Therapy
Authors: Rejeski Kai , Cordas dos Santos David M. , Parker Nathan H. , Bücklein Veit L. , Winkelmann Michael , Jhaveri Khushali S. , Liu Lian , Trinkner Paul , Günther Sophie , Karschnia Philipp , Blumenberg Viktoria , Schmidt Christian , Kunz Wolfgang G. , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Jain Michael D. , Theurich Sebastian , Subklewe Marion 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Although CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CD19.CAR-T) has proven clinical efficacy for multiple refractory B-cell malignancies, over 50% of patients ultimately relapse. Recent evidence has underlined the critical role of the host in determining treatment responses. In this retrospective observational study of 106 patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma receiving standard-of-care CD19.CAR-T, we analyzed the impact of immunometabolic host features and detailed body composition measurements on post–CAR T clinical outcomes. We extracted muscle and adipose tissue distributions from prelymphodepletion CT images and assessed laboratory-based immuno-nutritional scores. Early responders displayed increased total abdominal adipose tissue deposits (TAT: 336 mm3 vs. 266 mm3, P = 0.008) and favorable immuno-nutritional scores compared to nonresponding patients. On univariate Cox regression analysis, visceral fat distribution, sarcopenia, and nutritional indices significantly impacted both progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients with a low skeletal muscle index (SMI; e.g.&lt;34.5), a sarcopenia indicator, exhibited poor clinical outcomes (mOS 3.0 months vs. 17.6 months, log-rank P = 0.0026). Prognostically adverse immuno-nutritional scores were linked to inferior survival [low PNI: HROS, 6.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.35–11.90; P &lt; 0.001]. In a multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase, increased TAT was independently associated with improved clinical outcomes (adjusted HROS, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.90; P = 0.03). We noted particularly favorable treatment outcomes in patients with both increased abdominal fat and muscle mass (TAThigh/SMIhigh: 1-year PFS 50%, 1-year OS 83%). These real-world data provide evidence for a role of body composition and immuno-nutritional status in the context of CD19.CAR-T and suggest that the obesity paradox may extend to modern T cell–based immunotherapies.
See related Spotlight by Nawas and Scordo, p. 704
Identidades e grupos étnicos do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul no Festival Tafona da Canção Nativa
Authors: Silveira Pedro Leandro Scarparo , Marques Olavo Ramalho 
Published: April 2023

Os Festivais Nativistas, no contexto do Movimento Nativista Gaúcho, consistem em concursos de músicas que visam fomentar a criação e produção cultural de cunho regional. Estes eventos, através das canções julgadas, classificadas e premiadas, celebram identidades e ensejam disputas entre grupos sociais em busca de visibilidade, delimitando fronteiras simbólicas, vivificando mitos de origem e tradições inventadas. O presente artigo apresenta uma análise de algumas canções da “Tafona da Canção Nativa de Osório”, de aspectos de seus regulamentos, de textos e depoimentos de pessoas envolvidas no festival ao longo de seus 31 anos de existência. A Tafona revela-se um festival sui-generis, já que, para além da “Linha Campeira”, destinada a canções que celebram essa dimensão hegemônica da identidade gaúcha, abre espaço para a premiação de canções que versam sobre "temática litorânea”, uma vez que a cidade de Osório está inserida no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul.
Role of Resilience in the Psychological Recovery of Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arabadjian Milla , Duberstein Zoe T. , Sperber Sarah H. , Kaur Kiranjot , Kalinowski Jolaade , Xia Yuhe , Hausvater Anaïs , O'Hare Olivia , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Zhong Hua , Berger Jeffrey S. , Hochman Judith S. , Reynolds Harmony R. , Spruill Tanya M. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Psychological well‐being is important among individuals with myocardial infarction (MI) given the clear links between stress, depression, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Stress and depressive disorders are more prevalent in women than men after MI. Resilience may protect against stress and depressive disorders after a traumatic event. Longitudinal data are lacking in populations post MI. We examined the role of resilience in the psychological recovery of women post MI, over time.

Methods and Results
We analyzed a sample from a longitudinal observational multicenter study (United States, Canada) of women post MI, between 2016 and 2020. Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale‐4 [PSS‐4]) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 [PHQ‐2]) were assessed at baseline (time of MI) and 2 months post MI. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and resilience (Brief Resilience Scale [BRS]) were collected at baseline. Low and normal/high resilience groups were established as per published cutoffs (BRS scores <3 or ≥3). Mixed‐effects modeling was used to examine associations between resilience and psychological recovery over 2 months. The sample included 449 women, mean (SD) age, 62.2 (13.2) years, of whom 61.1% identified as non‐Hispanic White, 18.5% as non‐Hispanic Black, and 15.4% as Hispanic/Latina. Twenty‐three percent had low resilience. The low resilience group had significantly higher PSS‐4 and PHQ‐2 scores than the normal/high resilience group at all time points. In adjusted models, both groups showed a decrease in PSS‐4 scores over time.

Conclusions
In a diverse cohort of women post MI, higher resilience is associated with better psychological recovery over time. Future work should focus on developing strategies to strengthen resilience and improve psychological well‐being for women with MI.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02905357
; Unique identifier: NCT02905357.
SatERR: A Community Error Inventory for Satellite Microwave Observation Error Representation and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Yang John Xun , You Yalei , Blackwell William , Da Cheng , Kalnay Eugenia , Grassotti Christopher , Liu Quanhua (Mark) , Ferraro Ralph , Meng Huan , Zou Cheng-Zhi , Ho Shu-Peng , Yin Jifu , Petkovic Veljko , Hewison Timothy , Posselt Derek , Gambacorta Antonia , Draper David , Misra Sidharth , Kroodsma Rachael , Chen Min 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Satellite observations are indispensable for weather forecasting, climate change monitoring, and environmental studies. Understanding and quantifying errors and uncertainties associated with satellite observations are essential for hardware calibration, data assimilation, and developing environmental and climate data records. Satellite observation errors can be classified into four categories: measurement, observation operator, representativeness, and preprocessing errors. Current methods for diagnosing observation errors still yield large uncertainties due to these complex errors. When simulating satellite errors, empirical errors are usually used, which do not always accurately represent the truth. We address these challenges by developing an error inventory simulator, the Satellite Error Representation and Realization (SatERR). SatERR can simulate a wide range of observation errors, from instrument measurement errors to model assimilation errors. Most of these errors are based on physical models, including existing and newly developed algorithms. SatERR takes a bottom-up approach: errors are generated from root sources and forward propagate through radiance and science products. This is different from, but complementary to, the top-down approach of current diagnostics, which inversely solves unknown errors. The impact of different errors can be quantified and partitioned, and a ground-truth testbed can be produced to test and refine diagnostic methods. SatERR is a community error inventory, open-source on GitHub, which can be expanded and refined with input from engineers, scientists, and modelers. This debut version of SatERR is centered on microwave sensors, covering traditional large satellites and small satellites operated by NOAA, NASA, and EUMETSAT.