bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double trouble: How sectarian and national narcissism relate differently to collective violence beliefs in Lebanon
Authors: Abou‐Ismail Ramzi , Gronfeldt Bjarki , Konur Tamino , Cichocka Aleksandra , Phillips Joseph , Sengupta Nikhil K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCollective narcissism is a belief in ingroup greatness which is contingent on external validation. A lack of research on collective narcissism amongst non‐Western contexts and minority groups remains a challenge for the field. However, here we test two types of collective narcissism (sectarian and national) as differential predictors of two dimensions of collective violence beliefs (against outgroup members and leaders) in a large, diverse, community sample from Lebanon (N = 778). We found that sectarian narcissism (narcissism related to smaller political and religious ingroup identity) predicted support for collective violence against members of different sects, while national narcissism predicted opposition to such collective violence. Neither form of collective narcissism had any significant relationship with collective violence against outgroup leaders. We controlled for both sectarian and national identification and found no significant effects in predicting either one of the two dimensions of collective violence beliefs. In this non‐Western context, in which a coherent national identity is undermined by sectarianism, national narcissism seems to be a progressive motivator for unity and social change, while sectarian narcissism is rather associated with extreme attitudes, such as support for collective violence.
Poly(pentahydropyrimidine)‐Based Hybrid Hydrogel with Synergistic Antibacterial and Pro‐Angiogenic Ability for the Therapy of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Li Wenlong , Chen Haoxiang , Cai Jingfeng , Wang Miao , Zhou Xi , Ren Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis make the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) extremely challenging. Cationic polymers are expected to treat infected wounds due to their excellent antibacterial properties, but still, it is difficult to meet the therapeutic needs of pro‐angiogenesis and anti‐infections due to their simple construction units and outmoded synthesis methods. Herein, a cationic poly(pentahydropyrimidine) (PPHP) library with strong modifiability is synthesized to construct a hybrid hydrogel with synergistic therapeutic effects for the treatment of infected DFUs. It is found that the as‐synthesized hybrid hydrogel can up‐regulate angiogenesis‐related gene (HIF‐1, VEGF, and bFGFR/bFGF) expression and targeted disruption of bacterial cell membranes, which finally promotes the healing of infected DFU (wound healing rate: 92%) within 10 days. This hydrogel, thus, holds great promise in developing new strategies to significantly enhance the treatment of DFU and other bacterial‐infected pathological diagnoses.
Unidirectional Neuromorphic Resistive Memory Integrated with Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Power Electronics
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Abbas Yawar , Rezeq Moh'd , Alazzam Anas , Mohammad Baker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents a method to enhance data processing by integrating a unidirectional analogue artificial neuromorphic memristor device with a piezoelectric nanogenerator, taking inspiration from biological information processing. A self‐powered unidirectional neuromorphic resistive memory device is proposed, comprising an ITO/ZnO/Yb2O3/Au structure combined with a high‐sensitivity piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) ITO/ZnO/Al. The memristor device is operated at a voltage sweep of ±4 V with a low operating current in a range of 1.4 µA. The filament formation is studied using a conductive mode atomic force microscope. The integration enables the creation of a self‐powered artificial sensing system that converts mechanical stimuli from the PENG into electrical signals, which are subsequently processed by analogue unidirectional neuromorphic device to mimic the functionality of a neuron without requiring additional circuitry. This emulation encompasses crucial functions such as potentiation, depression, and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential for hardware implementations of neural networks with a weight change of memristor device with nonlinearity (NL) of potentiation and depression of 1.94 and 0.89, respectively, with an accuracy of 93%. The outcomes of this research contribute to the progress of next‐generation low‐power, self‐powered unidirectional neuromorphic perception networks with correlated learning and trainable memory capabilities.
Gelation of Uniform Interfacial Diffusant in Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Shin Sungchul , Brunel Lucia G. , Cai Betty , Kilian David , Roth Julien G. , Seymour Alexis J. , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile the human body has many different examples of perfusable structures with complex geometries, biofabrication methods to replicate this complexity are still lacking. Specifically, the fabrication of self‐supporting, branched networks with multiple channel diameters is particularly challenging. Herein, the Gelation of Uniform Interfacial Diffusant in Embedded 3D Printing (GUIDE‐3DP) approach for constructing perfusable networks of interconnected channels with precise control over branching geometries and vessel sizes is presented. To achieve user‐specified channel dimensions, this technique leverages the predictable diffusion of cross‐linking reaction‐initiators released from sacrificial inks printed within a hydrogel precursor. The versatility of GUIDE‐3DP to be adapted for use with diverse physicochemical cross‐linking mechanisms is demonstrated by designing seven printable material systems. Importantly, GUIDE‐3DP allows for the independent tunability of both the inner and outer diameters of the printed channels and the ability to fabricate seamless junctions at branch points. This 3D bioprinting platform is uniquely suited for fabricating lumenized structures with complex shapes characteristic of multiple hollow vessels throughout the body. As an exemplary application, the fabrication of vasculature‐like networks lined with endothelial cells is demonstrated. GUIDE‐3DP represents an important advance toward the fabrication of self‐supporting, physiologically relevant networks with intricate and perfusable geometries.
Black Phosphorus as a Targeting PPAR‐γ Agonist to Reverse Chemoresistance in Patient‐derived Organoids, Mice, and Pancreatic Tumor Cells
Authors: Jiang Shengwei , Liu Weihan , Shi Dan , Cheng Huan , Deng Tingwei , Chen Guoyong , Ma Li , Zhang Xianbin , Gong Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) exhibits significant potential for clinical applications. However, further research is necessary to uncover the unknown biological functions of BP and broaden its applications across various fields. This study investigates the potential of BP as a targeting PPAR‐γ agonist to overcome chemoresistance in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) using 2D and 3D cell lines, patient‐derived organoids (PDOs), and mouse models. RNA‐sequencing analysis shows that BP treatment enriches differentially expressed genes in the PPAR pathway, and molecular modeling predicts the potential docking site between BP and PPAR‐γ. Transcriptional activity assays are further to verify the activation of PPAR‐γ. BP‐activated PPAR‐γ inhibits cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and expression of biomarkers such as CD44 and c‐Myc, which are involved in chemoresistance. Notably, CD44 overexpression in tumor cells renders them susceptible to BP while insensitive to gemcitabine. This indicates that BP preferentially targets stem‐like cells, which exhibit heightened resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. A combination treatment strategy involving BP and gemcitabine is developed, demonstrating enhanced treatment efficacy of PAAD in both in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, BP serves as a PPAR‐γ agonist capable of reversing chemoresistance, establishing it as a potent anti‐tumor approach for the treatment of PAAD.
A Strong Adhesive Biological Hydrogel for Colon Leakage Repair and Abdominal Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Mao Qijiang , Huang Zhengze , Zhang Yiyin , Chen Qi , Jiang Kexin , Hong Yi , Ouyang Hongwei , Liang Yuelong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColon leakage is one of the most severe complications in abdominal trauma or surgery cases. It can lead to severe abdominal infection and abdominal adhesions, resulting in prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. In this study, a photosensitive hydrogel is proposed, which can swiftly form a strong adhesion coating on the damaged colon after UV irradiation, to realize quick cure and suture‐free repair of colon leakage. The newly developed biological gel consists of hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and hyaluronic acid o‐nitroso benzaldehyde (HANB) in the optimal ratio of 3: 1, which exerts both the rapid photocuring properties of HAMA and the strong tissue adhesion properties of HANB. HAMA/HANB shows excellent adhesion stability on wet surfaces, presenting controllable mechanical properties, ductility, adhesion stability, and chemical stability; it also evades foreign body response, which relieves the degree of abdominal adhesion. The underlying mechanism for HAMA/HANB promoting wound healing in colon leakage involves the reconstruction of the colon barrier, as well as the regulation of the immune reaction and neovascularization. In all, HAMA/HANB is a promising alternative suture‐free approach for repairing colon leakage; it has a reliable healing effect and is expected to be extended to clinical application for other organ injuries.
Implantable Nerve Conduit Made of a Self‐Powered Microneedle Patch for Sciatic Nerve Repair
Authors: Zhang Xiangli , Ma Yuanya , Chen Ziyan , Jiang Hong , Fan Zengjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve defects, particularly those of a larger size, pose a significant challenge in clinical practice due to their limited regenerative capacity. To tackle this challenge, an advanced self‐powered enzyme‐linked microneedle (MN) nerve conduit is designed and fabricated. This innovative conduit is composed of anodic and cathodic MN arrays, which contain glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) encapsulated in ZIF‐8 nanoparticles, respectively. Through an enzymatic cascade reaction, this MN nerve conduit generates microcurrents that stimulate the regeneration of muscles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers innervated by the sciatic nerve, eventually accelerating the repair of sciatic nerve injury. It is clear that this self‐powered MN nerve conduit will revolutionize traditional treatment methods for sciatic nerve injury and find widespread application in the field of nerve tissue repair.
Reshaping Zinc Plating/Stripping Behavior by Interfacial Water Bonding for High‐Utilization‐Rate Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Ziyi , Wu Meiling , Guo Zai‐Ping , Zheng Zi‐Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries have emerged as promising energy storage devices; however, severe parasitic reactions lead to the exacerbated production of Zn dendrites that decrease the utilization rate of Zn anodes. Decreasing the electrolyte content and regulating the water activity are efficient means to address these issues. Herein, this work shows that limiting the aqueous electrolyte and bonding water to bacterial cellulose (BC) can suppress side reactions and regulate stable Zn plating/stripping. This approach makes it possible to use less electrolyte and limited Zn foil. A symmetric Zn cell assembles with the hydrogel electrolyte with limited electrolyte (electrolyte‐to‐capacity ratio E/C = 1.0 g (Ah)−1) cycled stably at a current density of 6.5 mA cm−2 and achieved a capacity of 6.5 mA h cm−2 and depth of discharge of 85%. Full cells with the BC hydrogel electrolyte delivers a discharge capacity of 212 mA h cm−2 and shows a capacity retention of 83% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work offers new fundamental insights into the effect of restricting water to reshape the Zn plating/stripping process and provides a route for designing novel hydrogel electrolytes to better stabilize and efficiently utilize the Zn anodes.
Soft–Rigid Heterostructures with Functional Cation Vacancies for Fast‐Charging and High‐Capacity Sodium Storage
Authors: Su Yu , Johannessen Bernt , Zhang Shilin , Chen Ziru , Gu Qinfen , Li Guanjie , Yan Hong , Li Jia‐Yang , Hu Hai‐Yan , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Xu Sailong , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue , Xiao Yao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOptimizing charge transfer and alleviating volume expansion in electrode materials are critical to maximize electrochemical performance for energy‐storage systems. Herein, an atomically thin soft–rigid Co9S8@MoS2 core–shell heterostructure with dual cation vacancies at the atomic interface is constructed as a promising anode for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. The dual cation vacancies involving VCo and VMo in the heterostructure and the soft MoS2 shell afford ionic pathways for rapid charge transfer, as well as the rigid Co9S8 core acting as the dominant active component and resisting structural deformation during charge–discharge. Electrochemical testing and theoretical calculations demonstrate both excellent Na+‐transfer kinetics and pseudocapacitive behavior. Consequently, the soft–rigid heterostructure delivers extraordinary sodium‐storage performance (389.7 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 5.0 A g−1), superior to those of the single‐phase counterparts: the assembled Na3V2(PO4)3||d‐Co9S8@MoS2/S‐Gr full cell achieves an energy density of 235.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 C. This finding opens up a unique strategy of soft–rigid heterostructure and broadens the horizons of material design in energy storage and conversion.
Deep Learning Enhanced Volumetric Photoacoustic Imaging of Vasculature in Human
Authors: Zheng Wenhan , Zhang Huijuan , Huang Chuqin , Shijo Varun , Xu Chenhan , Xu Wenyao , Xia Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐performance imaging processing algorithms is a core area of photoacoustic tomography. While various deep learning based image processing techniques have been developed in the area, their applications in 3D imaging are still limited due to challenges in computational cost and memory allocation. To address those limitations, this work implements a 3D fully‐dense (3DFD) U‐net to linear array based photoacoustic tomography and utilizes volumetric simulation and mixed precision training to increase efficiency and training size. Through numerical simulation, phantom imaging, and in vivo experiments, this work demonstrates that the trained network restores the true object size, reduces the noise level and artifacts, improves the contrast at deep regions, and reveals vessels subject to limited view distortion. With these enhancements, 3DFD U‐net successfully produces clear 3D vascular images of the palm, arms, breasts, and feet of human subjects. These enhanced vascular images offer improved capabilities for biometric identification, foot ulcer evaluation, and breast cancer imaging. These results indicate that the new algorithm will have a significant impact on preclinical and clinical photoacoustic tomography.
Self‐Powered Perovskite Photodetector Arrays with Asymmetric Contacts for Imaging Applications
Authors: Lin Lu , Liu Ying , Wu Wenqiang , Huang Lulu , Zhu Xiaoli , Xie Yunfei , Liu Huawei , Zheng Biyuan , Liang Jieyuan , Sun Xingxia , Zhu Chenguang , Wu Guangcheng , Shuai Qin , Huang Zhuorui , Wang Tinghao , Li Dong , Pan Anlian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDesigning photodetectors (PDs) with fast response and low power consumption is important for the realization of photoelectric conversion in photoelectric integrated systems. The emerging metal halide perovskite is proven to be a promising material for PD array devices due to its excellent photoelectric performance and large‐area production. However, the array integration of self‐powered perovskite PDs still faces challenges due to the incompatibility between perovskite and micro‐nano processing, hindering practical applications. Here, a perovskite‐compatible device fabrication process is reported for the construction of a perovskite PD array (10 × 10 pixels) with asymmetric contacts, enabling self‐powered photodetection and high‐performance imaging applications. Au and ITO/ZnO electrodes are deposited on the substrate in sequence as the asymmetric contacts. Patterned CH3NH3PbI3 films with uniform and pinhole‐free morphology are then synthesized by a photolithography‐assisted vapor–solution fabrication method as the photosensitive material. The introduction of asymmetric electrodes enables the easy collection of holes at the Au electrode side and electrons at the ITO/ZnO electrode side with light irradiation, resulting in self‐powered photodetection performance. Moreover, the PD array exhibits a uniform distribution of light response and is successfully demonstrated for light imaging. This work opens up a new avenue to develop large‐scale high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices with low power consumption.
Interference in Quantum Field Theory: Detecting Ghosts with Phases
Authors: Marletto Chiara , Vedral Vlatko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study discusses the implications of the principle of locality for interference in quantum field theory. As an example, it considers the interaction of two charges via a mediating quantum field and the resulting interference pattern in the Lorenz gauge. Using the Heisenberg picture, it is proposed that detecting relative phases or entanglement between two charges in an interference experiment is equivalent to accessing empirically the gauge degrees of freedom associated with the so‐called ghost (scalar) modes of the field in the Lorenz gauge. These results imply that ghost modes are measurable and hence physically relevant, contrary to what is usually thought. They also raise interesting questions about the relation between the principle of locality and the principle of gauge‐invariance. This analysis also applies to linearized quantum gravity in the harmonic gauge, and hence has implications for the recently proposed entanglement‐based witnesses of non‐classicality in gravity.
Photocatalyzed Borylcyclopropanation of Alkenes with a (Diborylmethyl)iodide Reagent
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Tang Man , Wang Jing , Wu Zhu , Friedrich Alexandra , Marder Todd B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyclopropane skeletons play a prominent role in the development of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a stable, multifunctional (diborylmethyl)iodide reagent (CHI(Bpin)2) for the photoinduced cyclopropanation of alkenes, providing an array of 1,2‐substituted cyclopropylboronates in good yields. This α‐haloboronic ester can be readily synthesized on a multigram scale from commercially available starting materials. Furthermore, the protocol displays high chemo‐ and diastereoselectivity, excellent functional‐group tolerance, and allows for late‐stage borylcyclopropanation of complex molecules. Mechanistic studies reveal that the borylcyclopropanation proceeds through a radical addition/polar cyclization pathway mediated by the photocatalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)3 and visible light.
Quadruple‐Bidentate Nitrate‐Ligated A2Hg(NO3)4 (A=K, Rb): Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and Sufficient Birefringence
Authors: Qi Lu , Jiang Xingxing , Duanmu Kaining , Wu Chao , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe design of efficient nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals continues to pose significant challenges due to the difficulty of assembling polar NLO‐active modules in an optimal additive fashion. We report herein the first NLO‐active mercuric nitrates A2Hg(NO3)4 (A=(KHNO), Rb (RHNO)), for which assembly is induced by ionic polarization of the d10 cations. The two new crystalline compounds are isostructural, featuring interesting pseudo‐diamond‐like structures with parallel [Hg(NO3)4] modules, and leading to strong powder second‐harmonic generation (SHG) responses of 9.2 (KHNO) and 8.8 (RHNO) times that of KH2PO4. In combination with the simple solution preparation of centimeter‐scale crystals, sufficient birefringence, and short ultraviolet (UV) cutoff edges, these attributes make KHNO and RHNO promising candidates for UV NLO materials. Theoretical calculations and single‐crystal structure analysis reveal that the newly‐developed highly condensed and distorted [Hg(NO3)4] module, with an Hg2+ cation that is quadruply bidentate nitrate‐ligated, is crucial for the significant SHG responses. This work highlights the potential importance of modules with multiple bidentate ligands for the development of high‐performing next‐generation NLO materials.
Testing anatomy: Dissecting spatial and non‐spatial knowledge in multiple‐choice question assessment
Authors: Dickson Julie , Shaw Darren J. , Gardiner Andrew , Rhind Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLimited research has been conducted on the spatial ability of veterinary students and how this is evaluated within anatomy assessments. This study describes the creation and evaluation of a split design multiple‐choice question (MCQ) assessment (totaling 30 questions divided into 15 non‐spatial MCQs and 15 spatial MCQs). Two cohorts were tested, one cohort received a 2D teaching method in the academic year 2014/15 (male = 15/108, female 93/108), and the second a 3D teaching method in the academic year 2015/16 (male 14/98, female 84/98). The evaluation of the MCQ demonstrated strong reliability (KR‐20 = 0.71 2D and 0.63 3D) meaning the MCQ consistently tests the same construct. Factor analysis of the MCQ provides evidence of validity of the split design of the assessment (RR = 1.11, p = 0.013). Neither cohort outperformed on the non‐spatial questions (p > 0.05), however, the 3D cohort performed statistically significantly higher on the spatial questions (p = 0.013). The results of this research support the design of a new anatomy assessment aimed at testing both anatomy knowledge and the problem‐solving aspects of anatomical spatial ability. Furthermore, a 3D teaching method was shown to increase students' performance on anatomy questions testing spatial ability.
An improved multicellular human organoid model for the study of chemical effects on palatal fusion
Authors: Wolf Cynthia J. , Fitzpatrick Hunter , Becker Carrie , Smith Jessica , Wood Carmen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTissue fusion is a mechanism involved in the development of the heart, iris, genital tubercle, neural tube, and palate during embryogenesis. Failed fusion of the palatal shelves could result in cleft palate (CP), a common birth defect. Organotypic models constructed of human cells offer an opportunity to investigate developmental processes in the human. Previously, our laboratory developed an organoid model of the human palate that contains human mesenchyme and epithelial progenitor cells to study the effects of chemicals on fusion.MethodsHere, we developed an organoid model more representative of the embryonic palate that includes three cell types: mesenchyme, endothelial, and epithelial cells. We measured fusion by a decrease in epithelial cells at the contact point between the organoids and compared the effects of CP teratogens on fusion and toxicity in the previous and current organoid models. We further tested additional suspect teratogens in our new model.ResultsWe found that the three‐cell‐type model is more sensitive to fusion inhibition by valproic acid and inhibitors of FGF, BMP, and TGFβRI/II. In this new model, we tested other suspect CP teratogens and found that nocodazole, topiramate, and Y27632 inhibit fusion at concentrations that do not induce toxicity.ConclusionThis sensitive human three‐cell‐type organotypic model accurately evaluates chemicals for cleft palate teratogenicity.