bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalisation and embodiment in e‐Learning for health professionals: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Skrupky Lee P. , Stevens Ryan W. , Virk Abinash , Tande Aaron J. , Oyen Lance J. , Cook David A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeMayer's theory of multimedia learning proposes that personalisation and embodiment (P/E) can improve outcomes in e‐Learning. The authors hypothesised that an e‐Learning module enhanced by P/E principles would lead to higher knowledge, perceived P/E and motivation among health care professionals, compared with an unenhanced module.MethodsThe authors conducted a randomised trial comparing two versions of a 30‐minute multimedia e‐Learning module addressing the antibiotic management of pneumonia. The unenhanced format used slides with voiceover (human voice but no visible speaker), formal language and no specific P/E strategies. The enhanced format additionally implemented P/E strategies including conversational style, polite language, visible author, social congruence, human‐like presence and professional presence by subtly changing the script and substituting several short videos of subject matter experts. Participants included pharmacists, physicians and advanced practice providers from three academic and several community hospitals. Outcomes included knowledge, perceived P/E (assessed by the Congruence Personalisation Questionnaire, CPQ), motivation (assessed via the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey [IMMS] and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire [MSLQ]) and course satisfaction.ResultsThere were 406 participants including 225 pharmacists, 109 physicians and 72 advanced practice providers. Post‐module knowledge was slightly higher for the enhanced versus the unenhanced format, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (adjusted mean difference, 0.04 of 10 possible, [95% CI −0.26, 0.34], p = 0.78; Cohen d 0.02). Participant perceptions of P/E (measured via CPQ) were significantly greater for the enhanced format (difference 0.46 of 5 possible [0.35, 0.56], p < 0.001; Cohen d 0.85), as were motivational features of the e‐Learning course (measured via IMMS) (difference 0.14 of 5 possible [0.02, 0.26], p = 0.02; Cohen d 0.24). Participants' overall motivational orientation (measured via MSLQ) and course satisfaction were not significantly different between the two formats (p > 0.05).ConclusionApplication of P/E principles to an e‐Learning module led to greater perceived P/E and motivational features but did not influence knowledge.
Combining retinal structural and vascular measurements improves discriminative power for multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Bostan Mihai , Li Chi , Sim Yin Ci , Bujor Inna , Wong Damon , Tan Bingyao , Ismail Munirah Binte , Garhöfer Gerhard , Tiu Cristina , Pirvulescu Ruxandra , Schmetterer Leopold , Popa‐Cherecheanu Alina , Chua Jacqueline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractData on how retinal structural and vascular parameters jointly influence the diagnostic performance of detection of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without optic neuritis (MSNON) are lacking. To investigate the diagnostic performance of structural and vascular changes to detect MSNON from controls, we performed a cross‐sectional study of 76 eyes from 51 MS participants and 117 eyes from 71 healthy controls. Retinal macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and capillary densities from the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) were obtained from the Cirrus AngioPlex. The best structural parameter for detecting MS was compensated RNFL from the optic nerve head (AUC = 0.85), followed by GCC from the macula (AUC = 0.79), while the best vascular parameter was the SCP (AUC = 0.66). Combining structural and vascular parameters improved the diagnostic performance for MS detection (AUC = 0.90; p<0.001). Including both structure and vasculature in the joint model considerably improved the discrimination between MSNON and normal controls compared to each parameter separately (p = 0.027). Combining optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived structural metrics and vascular measurements from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) improved the detection of MSNON. Further studies may be warranted to evaluate the clinical utility of OCT and OCTA parameters in the prediction of disease progression.
Planetary boundaries at the intersection of Earth system law, science and governance: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Kim Rakhyun E. , Kotzé Louis J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFirst developed in Earth system science, the idea of planetary boundaries has gradually spilled over into social science research in the past decade. An interdisciplinary body of literature has emerged as a result at the intersection of Earth system science, law and governance. In this article, we provide a bird’s eye view of the state of the art, and examine how social scientists frame the planetary boundaries framework and what they identify as key regulatory challenges and implications. To that end, we conducted a systematic review of 80 peer‐reviewed articles identified through a keyword search. Our survey finds that social scientists have approached the planetary boundaries framework using four key problem framings, which revolve around the notion of planetary boundaries as embodying a set of interdependent and politically constructed environmental limits that are global in scale. We also identify four key clusters of governance solutions offered in the literature, which broadly relate to the ideas of institutionalizing, coordinating, downscaling and democratizing planetary boundaries. We then apply the foregoing insights to the legal domain and explore their implications for law. More specifically, we discuss how the recently proposed notion of Earth system law is related to these emerging problem framings and how it might contribute to these responses.
Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE): An online, multi‐session intervention improves interoceptive sensibility for military personnel
Authors: Smith April R. , Witte Tracy K. , Troop‐Gordon Wendy , Grunewald William , Crosby Eric , Hill Kent , Williams Tammy , Kinkel‐Ram Shruti , Santivasci Celeste , Chamberlin Jacob , Aguon‐Larson Cyrena , Harris Isaac , Esche Maj Aaron , Tubman Lt Col David , Dretsch LTC Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis preregistered randomized controlled trial tested the effects of a four‐session, online interoceptive awareness intervention relative to an active comparator, matched for time and attention on interoception and suicidal ideation.MethodParticipants (N = 195; 69% male; mean age = 37) were active duty service members (62%) and veterans (38%) who completed measures of interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and suicidal ideation at baseline. They were randomized to either the interoceptive awareness intervention, Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), or the comparator, Healthy Habits. Participants completed the assessment battery again at posttest as well as a 1 and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsRISE was rated as acceptable and demonstrated excellent feasibility per completion rates (85% completed all four modules). RISE improved the majority of interoceptive sensibility domains assessed (noticing body sensations, not worrying about sensations of pain or discomfort, emotional awareness, self‐regulation, body listening, and body trust), and most of these gains remained at 1 and 3‐month follow‐ups. There were no differences between conditions on suicidal ideation, perhaps due to the low levels of ideation reported, or interoceptive accuracy.ConclusionsRISE is a disseminable, cost‐effective, and transdiagnostic intervention that improves interoceptive sensibility up to 3 months.
Trends and predictions of perioperative transfusion and venous thromboembolism in hepatectomy using a North American Registry
Authors: Ha Monica , Stewart Kenneth E. , Butt Amir L. , Vandyck Kofi B. , Tran Sydany , Jain Ajay , Edil Barish , Tanaka Kenichi A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies indicate a link between allogeneic blood transfusion and venous thromboembolism (VTE) post‐major surgery. Analyzing trends and predictors of these outcomes after hepatectomy can inform risk management.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used for a retrospective analysis. Primary outcomes were perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and VTE events within 30 days of hepatectomy. Seven‐year trends and predictors were evaluated.ResultsAmong 29,131 hepatectomy patients, transfusion rates showed no statistically significant decreasing trends (p = .122) from 2014 to 2020 (18.13%–16.71%), while VTE rates showed a downward trend over the 7 years (p = .021); 17.2% received RBC transfusion, with higher rates in surgeries lasting ≥282 min (median: 220 min). Calculated RBC mass [hematocrit (%) × body weight (kg) × 10−5 × 70/(body mass index/22)] at or below 1.5 L substantially increased transfusion odds. VTE was reported postoperatively in 2.6% of cases more frequently in longer cases involving transfusions. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of VTE escalated from the shortest operative time to the longest (3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37–4.22). The adjusted odds of VTE doubled for transfused patients compared to non‐transfused patients (aOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.86–2.57).ConclusionsRates of RBC transfusion and VTE rates hepatectomy have minimally changed in the recent years. VTE prevention is challenging in extended surgeries at increased risk of bleeding and RBC transfusions. Patient‐level data on coagulation and thromboprophylaxis can potentially refine risk assessment for postoperative VTE.
Comparison of incisional bursting strength of a bidirectional absorbable knotless suture material versus a standard continuous absorbable suture material for closure of the equine linea alba
Authors: Bellitto Nicholas A. , Oliver Francina Barceló , Pollock Patrick J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of bidirectional knotless barbed suture material for closure of the equine linea alba.Study designLaboratory study.Animal or sample populationAdult light horse cadavers (n = 24).MethodsA 25 cm incision was made through the linea alba, and a 200 L polyurethane bladder was positioned within the abdomen. The linea alba was closed either using USP2/EP5 bidirectional polydioxanone barbed suture or USP2/EP5 standard polydioxanone suture in a simple continuous pattern. Closure time was recorded for each suture type. The bladder was air‐insufflated at 40 L/min, and the pressure at body wall failure recorded. The length of suture used for wound closure and wound failure modes were recorded. Suture length, closure time, bursting pressure, and failure modes were compared using Welch‐Aspin t‐tests.ResultsThe incisional bursting pressure was comparable between the two groups (p > .05). Less suture material (p < .01) was required with the barbed suture than the standard suture. Closure time was less for the barbed suture than the standard suture (p < .01). Suture failure was the main failure mode in both groups (83% cases).ConclusionsClosure of the equine linea alba using bidirectional barbed suture material reduced the amount of foreign material in the wound and decreased closure time without compromising incisional strength.Clinical relevanceBidirectional barbed suture material could be considered as an alternative to standard suture materials for closure of the equine line alba.
Operational window of a deammonifying sludge for mainstream application in a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Cheenakula Dheeraja , Paulsen Svea , Ott Fabian , Grömping Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N‐removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m3 d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N‐removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi‐technical trails to be conducted prior to the full‐scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally.
A Calibration Approach for Accelerated Creep Testing for Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Using the Wilshire–Cano–Stewart Model
Authors: Hossain Md Abir , Pellicotte Jacob T. , Stewart Calvin M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study outlines a model calibration approach for an accelerated creep test called the dynamic negative stepped test (DNST) to enable the rapid screening of creep-resistant materials. In DNST, stress is stepped decreased based on the attainment of a sufficient minimum-creep-strain-rate (MCSR) at each stress level. Steps are repeated, torturing the material, until rupture occurs. The DNST is advantageous as a screening test for new alloys. Alloys and heats with superior creep resistance will be able to survive longer and with greater ductility than those with poor creep resistance. The calibration of a constitutive model to DNST data furnishes predictions of the conventional creep response being between 65 h and 6685 h from the relatively short (&lt;130 h) DNST Data. In this study, DNSTs are performed on electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V at 650 °C with stepping through 150, 75, 60, and 50 MPa. Six build orientations are tested including 0 deg, 30 deg, 45 deg, 60 deg, 90 deg, and V (vertical) direction. The Wilshire–Cano–Stewart (WCS) model is employed to calibrate the experimental data. A systematic calibration approach is adopted. Each step is calibrated numerically. A unique set of minimum-creep-strain-rate (MCSR) and stress-rupture (SR) related material constants, i.e., the Wilshire and Sinh constants are obtained for each build direction. A nonhomogenous objective function is used to numerically optimize the strain trajectory and damage trajectory constants. To find the best-fit curve, the strain trajectory constants, and damage trajectory constants are numerically refined for each step. The WCS model shows a near-perfect prediction of the DNST data. Based on the calibrated constants, conventional creep curves are generated in order to determine which build orientations are likely to exhibit poor, moderate, and superior creep resistance. Predictions of MCSR and SR curves over a wide stress range are estimated outside the experimental range to investigate the extrapolation pedigree of the approach. This will allow the material designers to have more confidence in DNST-generated test data for predicting long-term creep response and structural lifetime.
Guidelines for the Aerodynamic Design of sCO2 Centrifugal Compressor Stages
Authors: Romei Alessandro , Gaetani Paolo , Persico Giacomo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the viability of established criteria to design centrifugal compressor stages that operate CO2 close to the critical point. The work is split into two complementary studies. At first, several stage configurations are generated by varying characteristic design parameters, such as the inlet and outlet flow coefficient, work coefficient, and stage Mach number. Then, three selected configurations are optimized with a surrogate-assisted evolutionary strategy to refine specific geometrical parameters, which control the meridional shape and splitter location. The stage aerodynamics and performance are assessed with a validated RANS solver based on the homogeneous equilibrium assumption for the two-phase mixture. One of the key findings of the parametric studies is that designing a stage with a flow coefficient smaller than that suggested by design practices prevents the occurrence of two-phase flows. The onset of a secondary phase at the impeller intake alters the fluid compressibility, producing density gradients across saturated condition that can cause flow separation. Such separation occurs for liquid-like CO2 but not for vapor-like CO2, implying that consolidated design rules can apply to the latter case notwithstanding the presence of condensing flows. Shape optimizations reveal that modest efficiency improvements can be gained by changing the meridional channel and splitter location. Moreover, the optimization problem is highly multimodal, as more than 30 different geometries can yield equivalent design efficiency. As a side effect of the optimization, the rangeability is significantly modified. Specifically, increasing the inlet slope angle of the shroud contour extends the operating range at high flow rates but reduces it at low flow rates. Therefore, this geometrical parameter can be controlled to adjust the stage rangeability without compromising design efficiency.
Transcription factor OxyR regulates sulfane sulfur removal and L-cysteine biosynthesis in
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Du Huanmin , Qi Yuting , Qiao Jinfang , Li Lingcong , Wei Liang , Xu Ning , Shao Li , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Sulfane sulfur, a collective term for hydrogen polysulfide and organic persulfide, often damages cells at high concentrations. Cells can regulate intracellular sulfane sulfur levels through specific mechanisms, but these mechanisms are unclear in
Corynebacterium glutamicum
. OxyR is a transcription factor capable of sensing oxidative stress and is also responsive to sulfane sulfur. In this study, we found that OxyR functioned directly in regulating sulfane sulfur in
C. glutamicum
. OxyR binds to the promoter of
katA
and
nrdH
and regulates its expression, as revealed via
in vitro
electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and reporting systems. Overexpression of
katA
and
nrdH
reduced intracellular sulfane sulfur levels by over 30% and 20% in
C. glutamicum
, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the lack of OxyR downregulated the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes and/or sulfur transcription factors, which may reduce the rate of sulfur assimilation. In addition, OxyR also affected the biosynthesis of L-cysteine in
C. glutamicum
. OxyR overexpression strain Cg-2 accumulated 183 mg/L of L-cysteine, increased by approximately 30% compared with the control (142 mg/L). In summary, OxyR not only regulated sulfane sulfur levels by controlling the expression of
katA
and
nrdH
in
C. glutamicum
but also facilitated the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways, providing a potential target for constructing robust cell factories of sulfur-containing amino acids and their derivatives.

IMPORTANCE

C. glutamicum
is an important industrial microorganism used to produce various amino acids. In the production of sulfur-containing amino acids, cells inevitably accumulate a large amount of sulfane sulfur. However, few studies have focused on sulfane sulfur removal in
C. glutamicum
. In this study, we not only revealed the regulatory mechanism of OxyR on intracellular sulfane sulfur removal but also explored the effects of OxyR on the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways in
C. glutamicum
. This is the first study on the removal of sulfane sulfur in
C. glutamicum
. These results contribute to the understanding of sulfur regulatory mechanisms and may aid in the future optimization of
C. glutamicum
for biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids.
The regulator FleQ both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulates the level of RTX adhesins of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Pastora Alexander B. , O’Toole George A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Biofilm formation by the Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria
Pseudomonas fluorescens
relies on the repeats-in-toxin adhesins LapA and MapA in the cytoplasm, secretion of these adhesins through their respective type 1 secretion systems, and retention at the cell surface. Published work has shown that retention of the adhesins occurs via a post-translational mechanism involving the cyclic-di-GMP receptor LapD and the protease LapG. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate the level of these adhesins. Here, we demonstrate that the master regulator FleQ modulates biofilm formation by both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulating LapA and MapA. We find that a Δ
fleQ
mutant has a biofilm formation defect compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, which is attributed in part to a decrease in LapA and MapA abundance in the cell, despite the Δ
fleQ
mutant having increased levels of
lapA
and
mapA
transcripts compared to the WT strain. Through transposon mutagenesis and subsequent genetic analysis, we found that overstimulation of the Gac/Rsm pathway partially rescues biofilm formation in the Δ
fleQ
mutant background. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that FleQ regulates biofilm formation by both transcriptionally regulating the expression of the
lapA and mapA
genes and post-transcriptionally regulating the abundance of LapA and MapA, and that activation of the Gac/Rsm pathway can post-transcriptionally enhance biofilm formation by
P. fluorescens
.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilm formation is a highly coordinated process that bacteria undergo to colonize a variety of surfaces. For
Pseudomonas fluorescens
, biofilm formation requires the production and localization of repeats-in-toxin adhesins to the cell surface. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate biofilm formation by
P. fluorescens
. Here, we identify FleQ as a key regulator of biofilm formation that modulates both gene expression and abundance of LapA and MapA through both a transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanism. We provide further evidence implicating activation of the Gac/Rsm system in FleQ-dependent regulation of biofilm formation. Together, our findings uncover evidence for a dual mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the LapA and MapA adhesins.