bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON BETWEEN METABOLIC PARAMETERS, FOOD INTAKE, AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND NON-DIABETIC INDONESIAN WOMEN
Authors: Rustanti Ninik , Murdiati Agnes , Juffrie Mohammad , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Globally, the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has resulted in an upsurge in research into this metabolic condition. Women, particularly in Indonesia, have a greater risk of T2D than males. The diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) in T2D is regulated by the number of carbs, protein, fat, and fiber consumed. Objectives: This study examined the comparison between metabolic parameters, food intake, and GM in T2D and non-diabetic Indonesian women.Materials and Methods: The cohort study included people who did not have T2D and those who did. On day 28 of observations, anthropometric, metabolic parameters, food intake, physical activity, and feces were collected. Feces were collected for pH, SCFA, and GM (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella) analysis. Results: There were significant differences between non-diabetic and diabetic women in age, Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1c. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of their macronutrient intake (calories, carbs, protein, and fat), total water, and dietary fiber. Fecal pH and GM did not statistically differ between the control and T2D groups. Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c were positively associated with age, duration of T2D, WHR, and total water consumption, but slightly negatively associated with dietary fiber intake. Fasting blood sugar was also slightly negatively associated with Prevotella, meanwhile HbA1c with Bifidobacterium. Carbohydrate intake were positively correlated with acetic, propionic, and butyric acid levels.Conclusion: Macronutrient intake, fecal pH, SCFA, and GM did not differ because GM in T2D increased bacause metformin consumption so that SCFA similar between two group. Keywords : food, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid, diabetes, women
STUDY OF VITAMIN D3-FORTIFIED GOAT KEFIR ON PLASMA FIBRINOGEN LEVELS OF DIABETIC RATTUS NORVEGICUS RATS
Authors: Masha Tania , Utomo Astika Widy , Ardiaria Martha , Syauqy Ahmad , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Nissa Choirun , Maharani Mutiara Irma , Zulfa Fairuz , Panunggal Binar 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Diabetes mellitus is often associated with the occurrence of complications. Haemostatic factors, especially hyperfibrinogenaemia, is a common cause of the complication. Goat kefir and vitamin D3 may act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammation agent which can repair pancreatic beta cells.Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the effect of vitamin D3-fortified goat milk and plasma fibrinogen levels in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental study with pre-post only group design. The samples were 21 male rats divided into four groups; negative control (K-), positive control (K +), treated with unfortified goat kefir (P1), and treated with vitamin D3-fortified goat kefir (P2). The 35-day intervention was conducted, the goat kefir dose was 2 ml/200 g BW/day and the vitamin D dose 600 IU. Fasting blood glucose and plasma fibrinogen were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Blood glucose level was evaluated by GOD-PAP method, while plasma fibrinogen was assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were analysed with paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA. Results: There were not significant difference levels of fibrinogen between groups. The intervention groups both showed an insignificant decrease of plasma fibrinogen. The plasma fibrinogen of group treated with vitamin D3-fortified goat kefir went down to 13.47 mg/dl from 16.49 mg/dl (p = 0.49). Meanwhile, the group treated with unfortified goat kefir showed a decrease from 26.81 mg/dl to 24.94 mg/dl (p=0.83). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose in the group treated with vitamin D3-fortified goat kefir from 181.75 mg/dl to 116.25 mg/dl (p=0.03).Conclusion Our results demonstrate that administration of vitamin D3-fortified goat kefir can decrease fasting blood glucose but not in plasma fibrinogen. Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus; Fastin blood glucose; Fibrinogen; Goat kefir; Vitamin D3 Fortification
Can maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol retrospectively predict the offspring's sex at birth? A cross‐sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Banyeh Moses , Shittu Shafiat Omotoyosi , Ziblim Shamsu‐Deen , Dapare Peter Paul Mwinsanga , Nyewie Martha , Dagungong Clement Binwatin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe selection of X‐ or Y‐bearing spermatozoa during fertilization may depend on maternal circulating sex hormones. The zona pellucida of the developing oocyte is adapted to be selective for the Y‐bearing spermatozoa when maternal circulating androgens are relatively high. This study sought to determine whether maternal postpartum testosterone and estradiol can retrospectively predict the offspring sex at birth. The study was cross‐sectional from December 2020 to April 2021 at the Reproductive and Child Health unit in Tamale. The participants were part of a previous study and comprised 178 mother–offspring dyads (mother–daughter = 90, mother–son = 88). The mothers were between the ages of 18 and 35 years and had a median (interquartile range‐IQR) postpartum interval of 111 (60–187) days. A single venous blood sample was drawn from the mothers between 8.00 am and 12.00 pm local time on each day to reduce diurnal variation. Postpartum serum estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone‐binding globulin were assayed using the ELISA technique. The serum total testosterone and the testosterone‐to‐estradiol ratio (TT: E2) were higher in mothers with sons while estradiol was higher in mothers with daughters (p < 0.050). The total testosterone and TT: E2 did not markedly differ by their area under the curve (AUC: 0.91 and 0.99, respectively) but both were higher than the AUC of estradiol (0.72). The Sensitivity was 97.7%, 97.7%, and 94.5% and specificity, 88.9%, 40.0%, and 95.5% at cutoff points of >1.659 nmol/L, ≤141.862 pmol/L, and > 31.5, respectively for total testosterone, estradiol, and TT: E2. The maternal testosterone‐to‐estradiol ratio may be more predictive of offspring sex at birth than either testosterone or estradiol alone.
Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
Authors: Özodabaş Aylin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Polypropylene, steel, and carbon fibers are used to increase the ductility and toughness of concrete materials. In recent years, studies on the use of natural fibers have increasingly continued. Among natural fibers, hemp fiber has the highest tensile strength value. The aim of this study was to discuss and present the results of the experimental study on the use of cement-based hemp shives and fibers to increase the ductility of mortars. Another aim is to increase the use of hemp in the construction field by using more economical and natural fibers. Various binders and different amounts of fibers and shives were added and their effects on flexural strength were investigated. Water absorption and flexural tests and scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on the produced samples. Particle and hole size distributions and stereo microscope images of the samples are given. The use of hemp fibers was observed to improve flexural strength, while shives were not significantly improved flexural strength.
Enhancement of air conditioning system using direct evaporative cooling: Experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Hashim Rasha Hayder , Hammdi Salman Hashim , Eidan Adel A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAir conditioners (ACs) are more commonly used nowadays in residential and commercial buildings to achieve thermal comfort in the summer season. Due to the high outside temperature, condenser pressure was highest and ultimately resulted in high electricity consumption. One of the ways to reduce the energy consumption of AC systems and increase cooling capacity is by reducing air temperature entering the condenser by using the evaporative cooling principle. This article presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of improving the performance of the conventional air conditioning unit supported by a direct evaporative cooling system to increase the cooling capacity and reduce the consumption of power in hot and dry climates. A window-type AC unit was implemented in the experiment where the AC system is modulated to provide a wide range of various weather conditions. The results show that using evaporative cooling assist enhanced the system to overcome the many challenges by which the refrigeration capacity was increased in the range of 10–20%. Also, the results show a decrease in outlet temperature by 6–10°C, and the power consumption was reduced by about 3%. MATLAB program was used to analyze different data that were obtained. The input parameters for this program are the inlet conditions such as the weather conditions of the located city, namely the outdoor dry temperature and the outdoor relative humidity. The effectiveness and cooling capacity were calculated based on the frontal air velocity and the inlet air temperature. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical work showed a good agreement, as the relative difference is less than 9%.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of tire rubber powder effectiveness for reducing seepage rate in earth dams
Authors: Shuhaib Zahraa Khalid , Khassaf Saleh Issa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tires waste is an undesirable urban industry surplus that has grown worldwide yearly. Because of its seals, this material may be used in earth dams, one option for disposing of this waste. Since this is the main objective of this study, an experiment on a soil sample with various ratios of rubber powder has been conducted to better comprehend the impact of tire rubber powder (TRP) on the seepage rate in earthen dams. This study used physical and numerical models to investigate seepage through earth dams. Analysis indicates that the plotted seepage line in SEEP/W software was comparable to the observed seepage line in the physical model. TRP was tested at concentrations of 15, 30, and 50%. The research demonstrates that there has been a noticeable improvement in reducing the seepage rate through the dam’s body; seepage was decreased by 11.28% when a 15% ratio was adopted, a far smaller impact than the other percentages. The proportion was consequently raised to 30%. The seepage rate was found to be reduced by 35.6%, and TRP with a 50% ratio showed excellent behavior in lowering the water level (phreatic line) from the core point to the downstream face D/S and reducing the seepage rate by 41.5%, producing significantly better results. The findings in SEEP/W software indicate that the relative error in seepage rate varies, averaging 11.8% for the first model, 12.18% for the second, 1.65% for the third, and 7.63% for the fourth. The first and second physical models’ seepage rate (relative inaccuracy) dramatically increased as a result of the presence of piping.
Novel graph for an appropriate cross section and length for cantilever RC beams
Authors: Al-Shammaa Abdul Kareem M. B. , Alisawi A. T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Whether the design is done manually or by software, the designer will have difficulty choosing the economic and strength cross section. The designer, in this case, either relies on their experience or resorts to the method of trial and error. Especially for Cantilever beams with a long span as a result of risk deflections, it is exposed. The current theoretical study was performed on rectangular concrete cross sections of different dimensions and subjected to uniformly distributed loads. Based on a previous study, the sections are reinforced with a specific reinforcement ratio. Through an algorithm, Python 3.4 software, and an output file, the permissible deflections for each cross section were calculated according to the ACI 318M-19. Finally, the authors could draw a graph to choose the appropriate cross section for each required beam length in less time and effort.
Two are not enough: synthetic strategies and applications of unnatural base pairs
Authors: Dörrenhaus Robert , Wagner Philip K. , Kath-Schorr Stephanie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nucleic acid chemistry is a rapidly evolving field, and the need for novel nucleotide modifications and artificial nucleotide building blocks for diagnostic and therapeutic use, material science or for studying cellular processes continues unabated. This review focusses on the development and application of unnatural base pairs as part of an expanded genetic alphabet. Not only recent developments in “nature-like” artificial base pairs are presented, but also current synthetic methods to get access to C-glycosidic nucleotides. Wide-ranging viability in synthesis is a prerequisite for the successful use of unnatural base pairs in a broader spectrum and will be discussed.
Simplified Kalman filter for on-line rating: one-fits-all approach
Authors: Szczecinski Leszek , Tihon Raphaëlle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we deal with the problem of rating in sports, where the skills of the players/teams are inferred from the observed outcomes of the games. Our focus is on the on-line rating algorithms that estimate skills after each new game by exploiting the probabilistic models that (i) relate the skills to the outcome of the game and (ii) describe how the skills evolve in time. We propose a Bayesian approach which may be seen as an approximate Kalman filter and which is generic in the sense that it can be used with any skills-outcome model and can be applied in the individual as well as in the group sports. We show how the well-known Elo, Glicko, and TrueSkill algorithms may be seen as instances of the one-fits-all approach we propose. To clarify the conditions under which the gains of the Bayesian approach over simpler solutions can actually materialize, we critically compare the known and new algorithms by means of numerical examples using synthetic and empirical data.
Dynamic ultraviolet harmonic beam pattern control by programmable spatial wavefront modulation of near-infrared fundamental beam
Authors: Won Seungjai , Choi Seungman , Kim Taewon , Kim Byunggi , Kim Seung-Woo , Kim Young-Jin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) wavelength regime is attracting increasing attention because of its growing demand in semiconductor lithography, spectroscopy, and imaging applications owing to its high spatial resolution and high photon energy. However, beam shape control, beam delivery, and wavefront manipulation of UV laser beams usually require highly dedicated optics because of the strong UV absorption of most optical materials and the high surface precision required for tailoring short wavelengths, thus limiting a broader application of UV wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate a novel dynamic UV harmonic beam pattern control by manipulating the near-infrared (NIR) wavefront of the fundamental wavelength of a femtosecond pulse laser. The temporal and spatial coherences in an optical harmonic generation are known to be well preserved. Therefore, the spatial beam distribution of UV harmonic beams (λ = 400 and 266 nm for second and third harmonics, respectively) could be readily controlled by tailoring the wavefront of the driving infrared (IR) beam, and this approach can be expanded to higher-order harmonics in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regimes. Moreover, this enables fast polarization-sensitive UV beam switching at a speed of 6.7 frames/s in a depth-resolving manner. To efficiently separate the UV beam from the strong fundamental IR background beam, a non-collinear harmonic generation configuration is introduced. This facile dynamic UV beam control technique enables arbitrary wavefront control of UV laser beams for high-precision laser patterning, polarization-sensitive encryption, and 3D holograms.
Cesium ion removal from low-level radioactive wastewater utilizing synthesized cobalt hexacyanoferrate-sand composite
Authors: Singh Krishan Kant , Rawat Megha , Rawat Jyoti , Pathak Sanjay K , Panja Surajit , Dimri Priya , Riyal Isha , Sharma Himani , Dwivedi Charu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Here, a novel method of synthesis of a sand-based adsorbent for radioactive Cs+ ion removal is reported. Natural sand has been modified with cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) using a simple and effective approach. The detailed physical–chemical characterization of the synthesized adsorbent is carried out using XRD, XPS, UV-visible, FT-IR, ICP-AES and Raman spectroscopy. Cs+ ion batch adsorption studies were conducted radio-analytically, and the sorbent’s adsorption capability was observed to be ∼5 mg g−1. The batch studies revealed that Cs+ ion was selectively adsorbed throughout a broad pH range of 1–10. The rate-controlling steps in the adsorption process, according to kinetic studies, are film diffusion and intraparticular diffusion and the adsorption process follows a second-order kinetics.
Analyzing polysemiosis: language, gesture, and depiction in two cultural practices with sand drawing
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , Devylder Simon , Defina Rebecca , Moskaluk Kalina , Andersen Linea Brink 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman communication is by defaultpolysemiotic: it involves the spontaneous combination of two or moresemiotic systems, the most important ones beinglanguage,gesture, anddepiction. We formulate an original cognitive-semiotic framework for the analysis of polysemiosis, contrasting this with more familiar systems based on the ambiguous term “multimodality.” To be fully explicit, we developed a coding system for the analysis of polysemiotic utterances containing speech, gesture, and drawing, and implemented this in the ELAN video annotation software. We used this to analyze 23 video-recordings of sand drawing performances on Paama, Vanuatu and 20 sand stories of the Pitjantjatjara culture in Central Australia. Methodologically we used theconceptual-empirical loopof cognitive semiotics: our theoretical framework guided general considerations, such as distinguishing between the “tiers” of gesture and depiction, and the three kinds of semiotic grounds (iconic, indexical, symbolic), but the precise decisions on how to operationalize these were made only after extensive work with the material. We describe the coding system in detail and provide illustrative examples from the Paamese and Pitjantjatjara data, remarking on both similarities and differences in the polysemiosis of the two cultural practices. We conclude by summarizing the contributions of the study and point to some directions for future research.
Short- and long-term test–retest reliability of the English version of the 7-item DN4 questionnaire – a screening tool for neuropathic pain
Authors: Hardt Svenja , Bergau Selina-Antonette , Jacques Angela , Tampin Brigitte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The original French version of the “Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire” is a valid screening tool for the identification of neuropathic pain (NeP). The DN4 has been translated into English, but the reliability of the English version has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the 7-item DN4 questionnaire in regards to short-term reliability before (T0) and immediately after (T1) the clinical examination and long-term reliability one week later (T2).

Methods
A total of 222 participants (age 56.33 ± 16 years, 56 % female) were recruited from a Pain Management Department and Neurosurgery Spinal Clinic. For T2 measurements, the 7-item DN4 was sent by post with the “Patient Global Impression of Change Scale”. The scale detects possible changes of symptoms, scoring from “very much improved” (1) to “very much worse” (7). Only participants whose symptoms had not changed much (scores 3–5) were included in the T0-T2 analysis. Weighted Kappa was used to analyse the reliability of the DN4 total scores and unweighted Kappa for the DN4 classifications.

Results
Considering missing data and exclusions, data of 215 participants could be used for the T0-T1 and data of 103 participants for T0-T2 analysis. There was almost perfect agreement for the 7-item DN4 total score between T0-T1 (weighted k: 0.891, CI: 0.758–1.024) and T0-T2 (weighted k: 0.850, CI: 0.657–1.043). Classifications between neuropathic pain and no neuropathic pain showed almost perfect agreement (k: 0.835, CI: 0.755–0.915) for T0-T1 and substantial agreement (k: 0.733, CI: 0.598–0.868) for T0-T2.

Conclusions
The English 7-item DN4 is a reliable screening tool for neuropathic pain.

Ethical committee number
#RGS0000001759.
Liability of Commercial Air Transport Service Providers in the Carriage of Corpse
Authors: Yunita Sabrie Hilda , Fillipo Taufik Harven , Maharani Tanusaputri Anita , Maradona  
Published: June 2023

In general, objects in air transportation are passengers, baggage, cargo, and/or post. However, in its development, the existing air transportation also carries out the transportation of corpses. If it is related to the responsibility of the air carrier, then the position of the corpse in air transport is important to be studied in order to determine the form and limits of the air carrier's responsibility. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the position of the corpse in the law of air transportation, as well as the responsibility of the carrier in transporting the corpse by air. The method used in this research is legal research with conceptual approach, statutory approach, comparative approach, and case approach. Based on the research that has been done, it can be found that the position of the corpse in international and national air transportation law has been positioned as cargo. Consequently, the responsibility of the air carrier in the transportation of corpses is also based on the responsibility of the carrier in the carriage of cargo. This is of course inappropriate when applied to the transportation of corpses, because with such arrangements, heavier body will receive greater compensation than lighter body.
Keywords: air transportation; corpse; responsibility; legal protection.
Efecto hidrodinámico y producción de maíz (Zea mays L.) en un suelo franco arcilloso aplicando un aditivo orgánico en Guasave, Sinaloa, México
Authors: Lugo Valenzuela Homero , Prado Hernandez Jorge Victor , Vazquez Peña Mario Alberto , Pineda Pineda Joel , Velazquez Lopez Noe 
Published: June 2023

Las sequías recurrentes y la competencia por agua son principales amenazas al desarrollo del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en zonas agrícolas de Sinaloa, México. Sinaloa es el principal estado en producción nacional de maíz, pero se aplica una excesiva cantidad de agua en riego por gravedad, situación que debe disminuir sin mermar los rendimientos del cultivo. Existen muchas formas de mejorar las condiciones de humedad en los suelos, una de ellas es labranza mínima y de conservación, geles sintéticos, que permiten la retención de humedad en los suelos. Pero en condiciones de baja disponibilidad y alta competencia hídrica, se requiere estrategias para mejorar la retención de agua, los aditivos orgánicos son una alternativa por su alta retención de humedad. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer el efecto que tienen diferentes dosis de un aditivo orgánico, en cultivo de maíz (costo-producción), durante el ciclo invierno 2018-2019 en Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Se elaboró un diseño experimental de 3 parcelas divididas, parcela 1 (tratamiento 1), parcela 2 (tratamiento 2), parcela 3 (tratamiento 3). Se encontró efecto positivo en el incremento de retención de humedad del suelo y una mayor producción de grano de maíz conforme incrementó la dosis del aditivo orgánico.