bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel mandelic acid derivatives suppress virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum via type III secretion system
Authors: Guo Qiao‐Qiao , Li Yu‐Zhen , Shi Hua‐Bin , Yi Ao‐Yun , Xu Xiao‐Li , Wang Hai‐Hong , Deng Xin , Wu Zhi‐Bing , Cui Zi‐Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is regarded as one of the most devastating diseases. However, excessive and repeated use of the same bactericides has resulted in development of bacterial resistance. Targeting bacterial virulence factors, such as type III secretion system (T3SS), without inhibiting bacterial growth is a possible assay to discover new antimicrobial agents.RESULTSIn this work, identifying new T3SS inhibitors, a series of mandelic acid derivatives with 2‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiazole moiety was synthesized. One of them, F‐24, inhibited the transcription of hrpY gene significantly. The presence of this compound obviously attenuated hypersensitive response (HR) without inhibiting bacterial growth of R. solanacearum. The transcription levels of those typical T3SS genes were reduced to various degrees. The test of the ability of F‐24 in protecting plants demonstrated that F‐24 protected tomato plants against bacterial wilt without restricting the multiplication of R. solanacearum. The mechanism of this T3SS inhibition is through the PhcR‐PhcA‐PrhG‐HrpB pathway.CONCULSIONThe screened F‐24 could inhibit R. solanacearum T3SS and showed better inhibitory activity than previously reported inhibitors without affecting the growth of the strain, and F‐24 is a compound with good potential in the control of R. solanacearum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Flavonoid production in tomato mediates both direct and indirect plant defences against whiteflies in tritrophic interactions
Authors: Yang Fengbo , Shen Haowei , Huang Tianyu , Yao Qixi , Hu Jinyu , Tang Juan , Zhang Rong , Tong Hong , Wu Qingjun , Zhang Youjun , Su Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of plant flavonoids in direct defences against chewing and sap‐sucking herbivorous insects has been extensively characterized. However, little is known about flavonoid‐mediated tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. In this study, we investigated how flavonoids modulate plant–insect interactions in a tritrophic system involving near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with high (line NIL‐purple hypocotyl [PH]) and low (line NIL‐green hypocotyl [GH]) flavonoid levels, with a generalist herbivore whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its predatory bug (Orius sauteri).RESULTSBy contrasting levels of tomato flavonoids (direct defence) while manipulating the presence of predators (indirect defence), we found that high production of flavonoids in tomato was associated with a higher inducibility of direct defences and a stronger plant resistance to whitefly infestation and stimulated the emissions of induced volatile organic compounds, thereby increasing the attractiveness of B. tabaci‐infested plants to the predator O. sauteri. Furthermore, suppression of B. tabaci population growth and enhancement of plant growth were mediated directly by the high production of flavonoids and indirectly by the attraction of O. sauteri, and the combined effects were larger than each effect individually.CONCLUSIONOur results show that high flavonoid production in tomato enhances herbivore‐induced direct and indirect defences to better defend against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Thus, the development of transgenic plants may present an opportunity to utilize the beneficial role of flavonoids in integrated pest management, while simultaneously maintaining or improving resistance against other pests and pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts onnonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Cao Yiming , Fang Xiaoxue , Sun Mingyang , Zhang Yegang , Shan Mengyao , Lan Xintian , Zhu Difu , Luo Haoming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long‐term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
Horizontal kinetic energy analysis of tropical transition simulations with the WRF and HARMONIE‐AROME models
Authors: Calvo‐Sancho Carlos , Bolgiani Pedro , Subias Álvaro , Sastre Mariano , González‐Alemán Juan Jesús , Martín María Luisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFour tropical transition (TT) events in the North Atlantic basin are simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the HARMONIE‐AROME (HAR) models to study the main features of the horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of these kinds of high‐energetic atmospheric system. Though most of the times similar results are obtained with both models, HAR shows a more intense filtering and numerical dissipation, whereas WRF tends to represent overenergized spectra in the synoptic scale and especially at smaller wavelengths. Predictability is dissimilar for the four TTs studied due to the different spectral curve slope obtained for each case, ranging from unlimited to very poor predictability at synoptic scale. Additionally, an increased HKE is presented in the middle–upper troposphere spectra. A deep analysis of the different terms involved in the equation of the spectral energy budget is presented through a detailed study of one of these TTs. The role of all of them is studied, connecting the energy spectra and the meteorological processes involved. The energy budget terms related to the nonlinear spectral transfer, the three‐dimensional divergence, and diabatic process tendencies are identified as the key ones, whereas the potential and kinetic conversion terms and the vertical flux HKE and pressure divergence terms play a secondary role on modulating the spectrum behaviour. The major energetic contributions are found at the synoptic scale, but results show that a two‐dimensional energy cascade does not fully capture the whole spectrum of a TT. The role of convection, latent heat release, and moist convection outbursts is sketched and a link within different vertical levels is found. Results show that a high‐energetic system, such as a TT, can effectively alter the atmospheric energy behaviour.
Robust offset‐free nonlinear model predictive control for systems learned by neural nonlinear autoregressive exogenous models
Authors: Xie Jing , Bonassi Fabio , Farina Marcello , Scattolini Riccardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a robust model predictive control (MPC) scheme that provides offset‐free setpoint tracking for systems described by neural nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NNARX) models. To this end, a NNARX model that learns the dynamics of the plant from input‐output data is augmented with an explicit integral action on the output tracking error. A robust tube‐based MPC is finally designed, leveraging the unique structure of the model, to ensure robust offset‐free convergence to constant reference signals even in case of plant‐model mismatch. Numerical simulations on a water heating system show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Toward marine sustainability: Unveiling the effect of the fishery industry on blue carbon sequestration
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Wang Xiaohui , Nan Zhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fishing fleet of European Union (EU) nations gets billions in tax benefits each year, and the combustion of that fuel results in millions of tons of carbon emissions each year—and quantity of carbon dioxide equal to what Malta's entire fishing fleet emits each year. By considering the function of fishing output, fossil fuel usage, economic development, and population density (PD) from 1990 to 2022, this study examines the dynamic impact of the fishery sector on blue carbon in 27 European nations. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation and showed a significant positive association between fishing output as well as carbon sink decline at most quantiles by adopting an innovative methodology which is the method of moments quantile regression method which has a fixed factor. From the first to the ninth quantiles, fishery output greatly accelerates the decline of blue carbon storage, with a more substantial impact at the highest and a lesser influence at the lowest quantile. The findings also show that the EU14 developed countries experience a more meaningful, beneficial effect of fishing output on carbon sink deterioration than the EU13 developing nations. Economic development in EU14 created and EU13 developing nations were found to compress carbon sink degradation across all quantiles, supporting the growth theory for countries that produce fisheries. Fossil fuel usage was found to boost carbon sink degradation. In EU14 developed countries, the impact of PD was significantly negative from the first to the seventh quantiles. In contrast, in EU13 developing countries, this has a significant positive effect across all quantiles. With the help of diverse and green energy sources like the tide and wave energy, lawmakers can reduce the deterioration of blue carbon in the EU14 and EU13 nations.
3D Monolayer Silanation of Porous Structure Facilitating Multi‐Phase Pollutants Removal
Authors: Ji Yanzheng , Zhuang Yifan , Jiao Xuan , Cheng Zhikang , Liu Chunhui , Yu Xinquan , Zhang Youfa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) is widely used to removing hazardous pollutants from air and water, owing to its exceptional adsorption properties. However, the high affinity of water molecules with the surface oxygen‐containing functional groups can adversely affect the adsorption performance of AC. In this study, a facile and efficient method is presented for fabrication of hydrophobic AC through surface monolayer silanation. Compared to initial AC, the hydrophobic AC improves the water contact angle from 29.7° to 123.5° while maintaining high specific surface area and enhances the removal capacity of multi‐phase pollutants (emulsified oil and toluene). Additionally, the hydrophobic AC exhibits excellent adsorption capability to harmful algal bloom species (Chlorella) (97.56%) and algal organic matter (AOM) (96.23%) owing to electrostatic interactions and surface hydrophobicity. The study demonstrates that this method of surface monolayer silanation can effectively weaken the effect of water molecules on AC adsorption capacity, which has significant potential for practical use in air and water purification, as well as in the control of harmful algal blooms.
Tunable Multicolor Lanthanide Supramolecular Assemblies with White Light Emission Confined by Cucurbituril[7]
Authors: Zhou Wei‐Lei , Lin Wenjing , Chen Yong , Dai Xian‐Yin , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMacrocyclic confinement‐induced supramolecular luminescence materials have important application value in the fields of bio‐sensing, cell imaging, and information anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, a tunable multicolor lanthanide supramolecular assembly with white light emission is reported, which is constructed by co‐assembly of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) encapsulating naphthylimidazolium dicarboxylic acid (G1)/Ln (Eu3+/Tb3+) complex and carbon quantum dots (CD). Benefiting from the macrocyclic confinement effect of CB[7], the supramolecular assembly not only extends the fluorescence intensity of the lanthanide complex G1/Tb3+ by 36 times, but also increases the quantum yield by 28 times and the fluorescence lifetime by 12 times. Furthermore, the CB[7]/G1/Ln assembly can further co‐assemble with CD and diarylethene derivatives (DAE) to realize the intelligently‐regulated full‐color spectrum including white light, which results from the competitive encapsulation of adamantylamine and CB[7], the change of pH, and photochromic DAE. The multi‐level logic gate based on lanthanide supramolecular assembly is successfully applied in anti‐counterfeiting system and information storage, providing an effective method for the research of new luminescent intelligent materials.
Model‐based source code refactoring with interaction and visual cues
Authors: Hemati Moghadam Iman , Ó Cinnéide Mel , Sardarian Ali , Zarepour Faezeh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRefactoring source code involves the developer in a myriad of program detail that can obscure the design changes that they actually wish to bring about. On the other hand, refactoring a UML model of the code makes it easier to focus on the program design, but the burdensome task of applying the refactorings to the source code is left to the developer. In an attempt to obtain the advantages of both approaches, we propose a refactoring approach where the interaction with the developer takes place at the model level, but the actual refactoring occurs on the source code itself. We call this approach model‐based source code refactoring and implement it in this paper using two tools: (1) Design‐Imp enables the developer to use interactive search‐based design exploration to create a UML‐based desired design from an initial design extracted from the source code. It also provides visual cues to improve developer comprehension during the design‐level refactoring process and to help the developer to discern between promising and poor refactoring solutions. (2) Code‐Imp then refactors the original source so that it has the same functional behavior as the original program, and a design close to the one produced in the design exploration phase, that is, a design that has been confirmed as “desirable” by the developer. We evaluated our approach involving interaction and visual cues with industrial developers refactoring three Java projects, comparing it with an approach using interaction without visual cues and a fully automated approach. The results show that our approach yields refactoring sequences that are more acceptable both to the individual developer and to a set of independent expert refactoring evaluators. Furthermore, our approach removed more code smells and was evaluated very positively by the experiment participants.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of hesperidin from a nutraceutical
Authors: Panda Vandana , Pund Swapnil , Saindane Akash , Bokde Vidya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHesperidin is a flavonoid predominantly found in citrus fruits, primarily in orange and lemon. Recent studies report hesperidin to be a promising compound for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 due to its ability to bind to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptors. A global rise in hesperidin‐containing products calls for a rapid and cost‐effective method for hesperidin estimation. Bridging this gap, the present study developed a simple but efficient method for the isolation and quantification of hesperidin from a nutraceutical product by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The analysis was carried out on a high‐performance liquid chromatography system using Cosmosil C18 Column (250 × 4.0 mm internal diameter; 5 μm particle size) and Methanol: Water (70:30 v/v) as the mobile phase. The injection volume was 20 μl and detection was done at 231 nm in an ultraviolet detector. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness, and ruggedness. From the validation studies, the present method was found to be specific, accurate, precise, reliable, and reproducible. Linearity was found to be R2 = 0.9997 and recovery was around 99.81% for hesperidin. The method is thus, a rapid and cost‐effective quality control tool for routine quantitative analysis of hesperidin from pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals/citrus fruit juices/skin care products.
Extraction of polyphenols from hybrid Eucalyptus leaves using ultrasound: Parametric and antioxidant studies
Authors: Kumar Manish , Sivasankar Thirugnanasambandam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present study, a medicinal tree named hybrid Eucalyptus was chosen for the extraction of polyphenols from its leaves. Ultrasound has been used for extraction studies, whereas other conventional extraction methods were studied to validate the applied ultrasound assisted extraction method. Various experimental parameters like material to solvent ratio, solvents, and ultrasound irradiation time were employed to obtain the required condition for effective polyphenols extraction. The maximum total polyphenols achieved was 62.24 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of powdered leaves sample with material to solvent ratio of 1:30 and 50% ethanol as solvent with an ultrasonic bath whereas the maximum total flavonoid of 14.20 mg Quercetin equivalent (QE)/g of powdered leaves sample was obtained under the same experimental conditions. The gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) study of the eucalyptus leaves extract had proved that it contains the required polyphenols of high medicinal value. Also, studies were performed to check 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing anti‐oxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging potential of the leaves extract.
Phenol degradation using combined effects of hydrodynamic cavitation and oxidant: Doehlert matrix
Authors: Mohod Ashish , Palharim Priscila H. , Ramos Bruno , Moreira Paulo F. , Teixeira Antonio Carlos S. C. , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrodynamic cavitation (HC)‐based treatments have been proposed for the degradation of phenol as a toxic pollutant. The present work aimed to optimize the degradation of phenol using HC by means of Doehlert experimental design, which has not been previously addressed. Initially, operational parameters of hydraulic characteristics of the pump, inlet pressure, solution pH, and initial concentration were optimized; later, the effects of pH solution and H2O2 loading or initial pollutant concentration on phenol degradation were explored using the Doehlert experimental design. It was observed that phenol degradation is strongly dependent on the pH of the solution. Also, the acidic condition favors the formation of hydroxyl radicals and thus, the degradation of phenol. Based on the Doehlert matrix, the 94.1% phenol degradation and 68.60% total organic carbon (TOC) were obtained in 180 min at 304.5 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide at an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, 2.0 pH, and 90 psi inlet pressure, providing a cavitational yield of 6.33 × 10−6 mg/J and minimum treatment cost of US$/L 0.13. Overall, it has been observed that HC can be a promising route for the removal of pollutants (phenol) effectively using hydrogen peroxide as an additive.
A School Workshop Format for 13–15-Year-Old Pupils: Experiencing and Understanding Europe
Authors: Jolly Bérénice , Fikejzl Jakub 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter reports about the idea, organisation and experiences of the Erasmus+ project Experiencing and understanding democracy and Europe. It mainly focused on organising workshops at schools, including schools in the rural regions of Saxony in the post-socialist part of Germany. The overarching aim of the project was to inform young people about the possibilities of their active involvement in the EU and about the benefits that the EU citizenship brings to them. The chapter broadly discusses how the organisers in the beneficiary organisation, the Villa socio-cultural centre in Leipzig, reflect on their project and on the task to reach out to young people. It also describes the challenges of realising the project, including the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and limited funding.
Peripheral Futurities. Emigration Plans and Sense of Belonging among East Central European Youth
Authors: Pates Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeripherality is a matter not only of politics and geography but also of self-identification. One important measure of peripherality as lived experience is the desire of rural youth to emigrate—it is a future imagined elsewhere, coupled with a denigration of those unwilling to relocate (as Miggelbrink has shown, see Meyer and Miggelbrink, Peripheralization: The Making of Spatial Dependencies and Social Injustice. Springer VS, Wiesbaden, 2013 and Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 73(1): 17–30, 2015; also Leibert, Geographische Rundschau 67: 34–41, 2015). Based on grounded theory, this chapter provides a comparative analysis of the focus group discussions conducted with the students of the 11th grade in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania on their visions of the future. It comes down to two findings: young people largely articulate their expectations to emigrate, but they talk about this with a great deal of ambivalence. Most want to live within the European Union, seeing in this option a chance to seek their fortune elsewhere as the greatest achievement of EU citizenship. And so, secondly, they think of EU citizenship as an important tool to manage their futures. They thus articulate a functionalist rather than an affectionate relationship with the EU.
Non-affirmative Theory of Education and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory: Where Do They Meet?
Authors: Mäkiharju Alex , Autio Petra , Uljens Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and non-affirmative theory of education (NAT) position themselves regarding the questions of normativity, ontology, and epistemology. The reason for choosing these three issues as a point of departure for a comparative study is that they highlight three interrelated dimensions of how educational research and theory are related to educational practice. The amalgamation of the theories is presented in a dialectical and comparative dialogue. Both theories highlight the cultural-historical context and emphasise the achievement of autonomy and emancipation through an individual’s self-activity. While NAT is primarily perceived as a theory conceptualising education as a cultural and historical phenomenon, CHAT is designed as a general systems-theoretical approach to be used as a point of departure to achieve a change in praxis, but not by directing praxis from an outside interest.
Simulationsverfahren
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt in Computersimulationen ein. Sie lernen die grundlegende Terminologie und verschiedene Arten von Computersimulationen kennen. Anhand eines Beispiels erkunden Sie, wie Agent-Based-Modeling umgesetzt wird.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Datenquellen
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel beinhaltet eine Einführung in Datenquellen, aus denen Daten mit Computational Methods gewonnen und analysiert werden können. Sie lernen, worin sich verschiedenen Verfahren automatisierter Datenerhebung unterscheiden und wie Ressourcen im Web identifiziert werden. Außerdem erfahren Sie, wo wissenschaftlich verwertbare Daten zu finden sind.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.