bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
baja nobleza y las luchas de bandos de la ciudad de Valencia (1380-1412)
Authors: GALÁN CAMPOS Luis 
Published: January 2023

Lesser nobility in the Kingdom of Valencia in the Late Middle Ages is a topic that offer vast possibilities to research, which would enable us to recognize better the political evolution and relations of power in the aforesaid kingdom during the 14th and 15th centuries. Therefore, in this paper we’ll try to examinate the origins and familiar composition of the city of Valencia lesser nobility at the end of the 14th century and to understand the problematics of feud and elite unrest in this period through questions such as the wealth management and kinship or affinity relationships.
La baja nobleza del reino de Valencia durante la baja edad media es un tema que ofrece grandes posibilidades para la investigación, lo que nos permitiría comprender mejor la evolución política y las relaciones de poder en el dicho reino durante los siglos XIV y XV. Por ello, en este artículo trataremos de analizar el origen y la composición familiar de la baja nobleza de la ciudad de Valencia a finales del siglo XIV y entender la problemática de los bandos y la conflictividad de las élites en este periodo a través de cuestiones como la gestión del patrimonio y las relaciones familiares o de afinidad.
Colaboracionismo y resistencia bajo los gobiernos de los primeros condes de Ureña
Authors: MARTÍN HUMANES José María 
Published: January 2023

The Giron clan was as voracious in high Castilian politics as they were in the administration of their manors. The number of lawsuits that their vassals filed against them shows that the government of their territories was anything but peaceful. Their measures in Morón de la Frontera, one of their most prominent villages, offer some of the keys to how the Osunas understood the seigniorial regime and how they put it into practice. In fact, their policies had a strong impact on the local space. The following study aims to take a look at the rural world of Seville and dive into the power struggles unleashed in Morón de la Frontera as a result of the actions of the first counts of Ureña.
Los Girones fueron tan voraces en la alta política castellana como en la administración de sus señoríos. La cantidad de pleitos que libraron contra sus vasallos constata que el gobierno de sus estados fue cualquier cosa menos pacífica. Su actuación en Morón de la Frontera, una de sus villas más destacadas, ofrece algunas de las claves en torno a cómo los Osuna entendieron el régimen señorial y cómo lo llevaron a la práctica. De hecho, sus políticas tuvieron un fuerte impacto en el espacio local. El estudio que presentamos a continuación tiene por objeto volver la mirada al mundo rural sevillano y sumergirnos en las luchas de poder desatadas en Morón de la Frontera como consecuencia de la gobernanza de los primeros condes de Ureña.
Sex and prior exposure jointly shape innate immune responses to a live herpesvirus vaccine
Authors: Cheung Foo , Apps Richard , Dropulic Lesia , Kotliarov Yuri , Chen Jinguo , Jordan Tristan , Langweiler Marc , Candia Julian , Biancotto Angelique , Han Kyu Lee , Rachmaninoff Nicholas , Pietz Harlan , Wang Kening , Tsang John S , Cohen Jeffrey I 
Published: January 2023

Background:Both sex and prior exposure to pathogens are known to influence responses to immune challenges, but their combined effects are not well established in humans, particularly in early innate responses critical for shaping subsequent outcomes.Methods:We employed systems immunology approaches to study responses to a replication-defective, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 vaccine in men and women either naive or previously exposed to HSV.Results:Blood transcriptomic and cell population profiling showed substantial changes on day 1 after vaccination, but the responses depended on sex and whether the vaccinee was naive or previously exposed to HSV. The magnitude of early transcriptional responses was greatest in HSV naive women where type I interferon (IFN) signatures were prominent and associated negatively with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers, suggesting that a strong early antiviral response reduced the uptake of this replication-defective virus vaccine. While HSV seronegative vaccine recipients had upregulation of gene sets in type I IFN (IFN-α/β) responses, HSV2 seropositive vaccine recipients tended to have responses focused more on type II IFN (IFN-γ) genes.Conclusions:These results together show that prior exposure and sex interact to shape early innate responses that then impact subsequent adaptive immune phenotypes.Funding:Intramural Research Program of the NIH, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and other institutes supporting the Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation. The vaccine trial was supported through a clinical trial agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Sanofi Pasteur. Clinical trial number: NCT01915212.
Flexor hallucis brevis motor unit behavior in response to moderate increases in rate of force development
Authors: Aeles Jeroen , Kelly Luke A. , Cresswell Andrew G. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Studies on motor unit behaviour with varying rates of force development have focussed predominantly on comparisons between slow and ballistic (i.e., very fast) contractions. It remains unclear how motor units respond to less extreme changes in rates of force development. Here, we studied a small intrinsic foot muscle, flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) where the aim was to compare motor unit discharge rates and recruitment thresholds at two rates of force development. We specifically chose to investigate relatively slow to moderate rates of force development, not ballistic, as the chosen rates are more akin to those that presumably occur during daily activity.

Methods
We decomposed electromyographic signals to identify motor unit action potentials obtained from indwelling fine-wire electrodes in FHB, from ten male participants. Participants performed isometric ramp-and-hold contractions from relaxed to 50% of a maximal voluntary contraction. This was done for two rates of force development; one with the ramp performed over 5 s (slow condition) and one over 2.5 s (fast condition). Recruitment thresholds and discharge rates were calculated over the ascending limb of the ramp and compared between the two ramp conditions for matched motor units. A repeated measures nested linear mixed model was used to compare these parameters statistically. A linear repeated measures correlation was used to assess any relationship between changes in recruitment threshold and mean discharge rate between the two conditions.

Results
A significant increase in the initial discharge rate (i.e., at recruitment) in the fast (mean: 8.6 ± 2.4 Hz) compared to the slow (mean: 7.8 ± 2.3 Hz) condition (P = 0.027), with no changes in recruitment threshold (P = 0.588), mean discharge rate (P = 0.549) or final discharge rate (P = 0.763) was observed. However, we found substantial variability in motor unit responses within and between conditions. A small but significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.33, P = 0.003) was found between the difference in recruitment threshold and the difference in mean discharge rate between the two conditions.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that as force increases for contractions with slower force development, increasing the initial discharge rate of recruited motor units produces the increase in rate of force development, without a change in their recruitment thresholds, mean or final discharge rate. However, an important finding was that for only moderate changes in rate of force development, as studied here, not all units respond similarly. This is different from what has been described in the literature for ballistic contractions in other muscle groups, where all motor units respond similarly to the increase in neural drive. Changing the discharge behaviour of a small group of motor units may be sufficient in developing force at the required rate rather than having the discharge behaviour of the entire motor unit pool change equally.
Pemafibrate prevents choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Lee Deokho , Nakai Ayaka , Miwa Yukihiro , Negishi Kazuno , Tomita Yohei , Kurihara Toshihide 
Published: January 2023

Background
Pathological choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). CNV has been suppressed by using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. However, some clinical cases have demonstrated the failure of anti-VEGF therapies. Furthermore, anti-VEGF agents might induce the development of ocular atrophy. Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation using pemafibrate treatment was suggested as one of the promising therapeutic targets in the prevention of ocular ischemia. However, the preventive role of pemafibrate remains unclear in CNV. We aimed to examine the preventive role of pemafibrate on laser-induced pathological CNV.

Methods
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were orally supplied pemafibrate (0.5 mg/kg) for four days, followed by laser irradiation. Then, pemafibrate was consecutively given to mice with the same condition. CNV was visualized with isolectin-IB4. The eye (retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]-choroid), liver, and serum were used for biomolecular analyses.

Results
We found that pemafibrate administration suppressed CNV volumes. Pemafibrate administration activated PPARα downstream genes in the liver and eye (especially, RPE-choroid). Furthermore, pemafibrate administration elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and reduced serum levels of triglycerides.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a promising pemafibrate therapy for suppressing CNV in AMD.
Evaluation of Different Clustering Techniques in Classifying the Vegetable Growing Panchayats of Ernakulam District, Kerala
Authors: Muhsina A. , Joseph Brigit 
Published: January 2023

The goal of this study was to evaluate different clustering techniques in classifying the vegetable growing locations of Ernakulam (EKM) district of Kerala so that same nutrient recommendation can be prescribed for panchayats coming under the same cluster. Hierarchical clustering (HC) and K –means clustering were performed to group the panchayats based on soil fertility status and thereafter comparison of various clustering procedures was done using Davies – Bouldin (DB) index. Different dissimilarity measures- Euclidean, squared Euclidean, Chebychev distance and Mahalanobis D2 were determined and single linkage, complete linkage and average linkage methods were adopted under these measures. The results revealed that Mahalanobis D2 was the better clustering procedure with seven clusters (DB index: 0.120) followed by average linkage method under Euclidean distance (DB index: 0.306) with seven clusters. Manjapra and Keerampara panchayats remained as individual clusters. Keerampara had strongly acidic soils (pH -5.17) with high available Mg (158 mg kg-1) while Manjapra soils had low Mg availability (19 mg kg-1) and high S content (57 mg kg-1). Kakkad, Kalady and Vengoor came under cluster I which possessed approximately same EC (0.15-0.19 dS m-1), OC (2-2.4%) and Mg (71-73 mg kg-1) content. Chengamanadu and Vengola came under cluster III while Ayyampuzha and Mudakkuzha belong to cluster IV.
Effects of a School-Based Nutrition, Gardening, and Cooking Intervention on Metabolic Parameters in High-risk Youth
Authors: Davis Jaimie N. , Landry Matthew J. , Vandyousefi Sarvenaz , Jeans Matthew R. , Hudson Erin A. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , van den Berg Alexandra E. , Pérez Adriana 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceAlthough school-based gardening programs for children have consistently been shown to improve dietary behaviors, no cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) has evaluated the effects of a school-based gardening intervention on metabolic outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (Texas Sprouts) on changes in metabolic outcomes in elementary schoolchildren.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was a secondary analysis of a cluster RCT, conducted over 3 years from 2016 to 2019, at low-income elementary schools with majority Hispanic students in the greater Austin, Texas, area. Data were analyzed from January to August 2022.InterventionsTexas Sprouts was 1 school year long (9 months) and consisted of (1) Garden Leadership Committee formation; (2) a 0.25-acre outdoor teaching garden; (3) 18 student gardening, nutrition, and cooking lessons taught by trained educators throughout the school year; and (4) 9 monthly parent lessons. The delayed intervention was implemented the following academic year and received an identical intervention.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe following measures were obtained at baseline and postintervention (9 months): demographics via survey; measured height, weight, and body mass index parameters; and glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and a lipid panel via an optional fasting blood draw.ResultsSixteen elementary schools were randomly assigned to either Texas Sprouts intervention (8 schools) or to delayed intervention (control, 8 schools). A total of 3302 children (aged 7-12 years) were enrolled in Texas Sprouts, and fasting blood samples were obtained from 1104 children (or 33% of those enrolled) at baseline. The final analytic sample included 695 children (307 boys [44.17%]; mean [SE] age, 9.28 [0.04] years; 480 Hispanic children [69.02%]; 452 [65.03%] eligible for free or reduced lunch) with complete demographic data and baseline and postintervention (9-month) fasting blood draws. Compared with control schools, children from Texas Sprouts schools had a 0.02% reduction in mean hemoglobin A1c (95% CI, 0.03%-0.14%; P = .005) and a 6.40 mg/dL reduction in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI, 3.82-8.97 mg/dL; P = .048). There were no intervention effects on glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, or other lipid parameters.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cluster RCT, Texas Sprouts improved glucose control and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-risk youth. These findings suggest that elementary schools should incorporate garden-based interventions as a way to improve metabolic parameters in children.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02668744
Perceptions of Stress and Mood Associated With Listening to Music in Daily Life During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Feneberg Anja C. , Stijovic Ana , Forbes Paul A. G. , Lamm Claus , Piperno Giulio , Pronizius Ekaterina , Silani Giorgia , Nater Urs M. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceMusic listening is a universal human experience. People of all ages and cultures often use music to reduce stress and improve mood, particularly in times of crisis. However, ecologically valid research examining the real-time association of music listening with stress and mood during the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between listening to music and the perceptions of stress and mood using ecological momentary assessment during the COVID-19 lockdown period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study conducted between April 1 and May 8, 2020, adults from the general population residing in Austria and Italy were prompted by an app on their smartphone to report data 5 times per day across 7 consecutive days. Participants provided data on their real-time and real-life experiences in their natural environment while strict lockdown measures were in place. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to February 2022.ExposuresData on self-reported music listening were recorded by means of mobile-based assessments. Perceived chronic stress was assessed once at the end of the study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerceptions of momentary stress and mood were measured using visual analog scales (score range, 0-100, where 0 indicates not at all and 100 indicates very much) by means of mobile app–based assessments.ResultsThe final sample comprised 711 participants (497 women [69.9%]; median age, 27.0 years [IQR, 24.0-36.0 years]). Participants provided a total of 19 641 data points, including 4677 music listening reports. Music listening was prospectively associated with lower momentary stress levels (β, −0.92; 95% CI, −1.80 to −0.04;P = .04) and improvements in mood valence (β, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.17-2.63;P &amp;lt; .001), especially if the music was perceived as happy. Individuals with higher levels of chronic stress reported improved mood valence after music listening (β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22;P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThe present findings suggest that music listening may be a means to modulate stress and mood during psychologically demanding periods. Individuals experiencing heightened momentary and/or chronic stress because of the challenges brought about by COVID-19 pandemic–related restrictions might consider music as an easily accessible tool for the management of stress and mood in daily life.
What is the optimal position of low‐frequency words across line boundaries? An eye movement investigation
Authors: Parker Adam J. , Räsänen Milla , Slattery Timothy J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen displaying text on a page or a screen, only a finite number of characters can be presented on a single line. If the text exceeds that finite value, then text wrapping occurs. Often this process results in longer, more difficult to process words being positioned at the start of a line. We conducted an eye movement study to examine how this artefact of text wrapping affects passage reading. This allowed us to answer the question: should word difficulty be used when determining line breaks? Thirty‐nine participants read 20 passages where low‐frequency target words were either line‐initial or line‐final. There was no statistically reliable effect of our manipulation on passage reading time or comprehension despite several effects at a local level. Regarding our primary research question, the evidence suggests that word difficulty may not need to be accounted for when determining line breaks and assigning words to new lines.
Die Chemie des Cyaphid‐Ions
Authors: Görlich Tim , Coburger Peter , Yang Eric S. , Goicoechea Jose M. , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Müller Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn diesem Übersichtsartikel wird ein Überblick über die Chemie des Cyaphid‐Ions (C≡P)− gegeben. Dieses bemerkenswerte zweiatomige Anion ist bereits seit dem späten neunzehnten Jahrhundert Gegenstand von Untersuchungen, seine Isolierung und Charakterisierung entging den Chemikern jedoch fast hundert Jahre lang. In diesem Review werden die ausschlaggebenden Experimente, die seine Isolierung erst ermöglichten, ausführlich beschrieben. Des Weiteren wird aber auch auf neuere Entwicklungen eingegangen, die zeigen, dass bestimmte Reaktionen des Cyaphid‐Ions auf etablierten Salz‐Metathese‐Protokollen übertragen werden können. Darüber hinaus werden die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Cyaphid‐Ions näher beleuchtet, so dass die Chemie dieses Ions mit der seines leichteren Verwandten, dem Cyanid‐Ion (einem archetypischen Starkfeldliganden und eine wichtige organische funktionellen Gruppe) verglichen und gegenüberstellt werden kann. Jüngste Studien zeigen, dass das Cyaphid‐Ion das Potenzial hat, als vielseitiges chemisches Reagenz für die Synthese neuartiger Moleküle und Materialien eingesetzt werden kann, was eine Vielzahl interessanter, künftiger Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten ermöglichen wird.
Differentiating between Acidic and Basic Surface Hydroxyls on Metal Oxides by Fluoride Substitution: A Case Study on Blue TiO2 from Laser Defect Engineering
Authors: Lau Kinran , Niemann Felix , Abdiaziz Kaltum , Heidelmann Markus , Yang Yuke , Tong Yujin , Fechtelkord Michael , Schmidt Torsten C. , Schnegg Alexander , Campen R. Kramer , Peng Baoxiang , Muhler Martin , Reichenberger Sven , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoth oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyls play a crucial role in catalysis. Yet, their relationship is not often explored. Herein, we prepare two series of TiO2 (rutile and P25) with increasing oxygen deficiency and Ti3+ concentration by pulsed laser defect engineering in liquid (PUDEL), and selectively quantify the acidic and basic surface OH by fluoride substitution. As indicated by EPR spectroscopy, the laser‐generated Ti3+ exist near the surface of rutile, but appear to be deeper in the bulk for P25. Fluoride substitution shows that extra acidic bridging OH are selectively created on rutile, while the surface OH density remains constant for P25. These observations suggest near‐surface Ti3+ are highly related to surface bridging OH, presumably the former increasing the electron density of the bridging oxygen to form more of the latter. We anticipate that fluoride substitution will enable better characterization of surface OH and its correlation with defects in metal oxides.
Homochiral versus Heterochiral Dimeric Helical Foldamer Bundles: Chlorinated‐Solvent‐Dependent Self‐Sorting
Authors: Menke Friedericke S. , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAromatic oligoamide sequences programmed to fold into stable helical conformations were designed to display a linear array of hydrogen‐bond donors and acceptors at their surface. Sequences were prepared by solid‐phase synthesis. Solution 1H NMR spectroscopic studies and solid‐state crystallographic structures demonstrated the formation of stable hydrogen‐bond‐mediated dimeric helix bundles that could be either heterochiral (with a P and an M helix) or homochiral (with two P or two M helices). Formation of the hetero‐ or homochiral dimers could be driven quantitatively using different chlorinated solvents—exemplifying a remarkable case of either social or narcissistic chiral self‐sorting or upon imposing absolute handedness to the helices to forbid PM species.
Synchronous Dual Electrolyte Additive Sustains Zn Metal Anode with 5600 h Lifespan
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Li Weiping , Chen Ziyan , Tian Meng , Peng Jun , Luo Jinrong , Su Yiwen , Zou Yuhan , Weng Gao , Shao Yuanlong , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite conspicuous merits of Zn metal anodes, the commercialization is still handicapped by rampant dendrite formation and notorious side reaction. Manipulating the nucleation mode and deposition orientation of Zn is a key to rendering stabilized Zn anodes. Here, a dual electrolyte additive strategy is put forward via the direct cooperation of xylitol (XY) and graphene oxide (GO) species into typical zinc sulfate electrolyte. As verified by molecular dynamics simulations, the incorporated XY molecules could regulate the solvation structure of Zn2+, thus inhibiting hydrogen evolution and side reactions. The self‐assembled GO layer is in favor of facilitating the desolvation process to accelerate reaction kinetics. Progressive nucleation and orientational deposition can be realized under the synergistic modulation, enabling a dense and uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, symmetric cell based on dual additives harvests a highly reversible cycling of 5600 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2.