bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva – wenn sich plötzlich Knochen im Muskel bilden
Authors: Großmann Nadine Z. , Hildebrandt Susanne , Morhart Rolf , Kallinich Tilmann , Semler Oliver , Knaus Petra 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) ist eine sehr seltene, genetische Erkrankung, welche durch eine Punktmutation im ACVR1-Gen verursacht wird. Zwei klinische Merkmale weisen auf eine FOP hin: 1. eine kongenitale Fehlbildung der Großzehe(n), ähnlich eines Hallux valgus, und 2. unerklärliche Weichteilschwellungen, die meist zu heterotopen Ossifikationen (HO) führen. Die frühzeitige Erkennung dieser beiden Merkmale ist sehr wichtig, um Fehldiagnosen und -behandlungen zu vermeiden und die richtige Diagnose so früh wie möglich durch einen Gentest des ACVR1-Gens sicherzustellen. Sobald diese Diagnose vorliegt, ist es für die Betroffenen ratsam, FOP-Spezialisten aufzusuchen und Kontakt mit dem deutschen Förderverein „FOP e. V.“ aufzunehmen.Alle invasiven Eingriffe sollten strikt vermieden werden, da diese eine irreversible HO auslösen können. Die Komplexität und der systemische Verlauf der FOP erfordern den Aufbau und die Zusammenarbeit eines interdisziplinären Teams zur optimalen Versorgung der Betroffenen. Die Behandlung der FOP-Schübe und der anschließenden Verknöcherung erfolgt derzeit symptomatisch gemäß den internationalen Leitlinien des ICC on FOP (www.iccfop.org). Gezielte therapeutische Ansätze in aktuellen klinischen Studien zielen darauf ab, den BMP-Signalweg auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu beeinflussen, um das Fortschreiten der Erkrankung aufzuhalten oder zu verlangsamen.Während mehr als 95 % aller Betroffenen die klassische Punktmutation aufweisen, gibt es eine kleine Anzahl an Betroffenen mit nichtklassischen Mutationen. Jede dieser Mutationen führt zu einer Überempfindlichkeit und Überaktivierung des ACVR1-Rezeptors und damit zu einer verstärkten BMP-Signalantwort.
Monitoring the misalignment of machine tools with autoencoders after they are trained with transfer learning data
Authors: Demetgul Mustafa , Zheng Qi , Tansel Ibrahim Nur , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCNC machines have revolutionized manufacturing by enabling high-quality and high-productivity production. Monitoring the condition of these machines during production would reduce maintenance cost and avoid manufacturing defective parts. Misalignment of the linear tables in CNCs can directly affect the quality of the manufactured parts, and the components of the linear tables wear out over time due to the heavy and fluctuating loads. To address these challenges, an intelligent monitoring system was developed to identify normal operation and misalignments. Since damaging a CNC machine for data collection is too expensive, transfer learning was used in two steps. First, a specially designed experimental feed axis test platform (FATP) was used to sample the current signal at normal and five levels of left-side misalignment conditions ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. Four different algorithm combinations were trained to detect misalignments. These combinations included a 1D convolution neural network (CNN) and autoencoder (AE) combination, a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and AE combination, a long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and AE combination, and a CNN, LSTM, and AE combination. At the second step, Wasserstein deep convolutional generative adversarial network (W-DCGAN) was used to generate data by integrating the observed characteristics of the FATP at different misalignment levels and collected limited data from the actual CNC machines. To evaluate the similarity and limited diversity of generated and real signals, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (T-SNE) method was used. The hyperparameters of the model were optimized by random and grid search. The CNN, LSTM, and AE combination demonstrated the best performance, which provides a practical way to detect misalignments without stopping production or cluttering the work area with sensors. The proposed intelligent monitoring system can detect misalignments of the linear tables of CNCs, thus enhancing the quality of manufactured parts and reducing production costs.
Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging
Authors: Jomova Klaudia , Raptova Renata , Alomar Suliman Y. , Alwasel Saleh H. , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kuca Kamil , Valko Marian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress (“bad stress”). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
3D bioprinting in plastic and reconstructive surgery: current concepts, progress, and clinical application
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Matschke Jan , Muallah David , Gelinksy Michael , Dragu Adrian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Bioprinting is one of the most rapidly developing fields in medicine. Plastic and reconstructive surgery will be affected enormously by bioprinting, due to its original purpose of restoring injured or lost tissue. This article in particular has the purpose to analyze the current state of bioprinted tissues as well as research engagement for its application in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Material and methods
A systematic search for the time span between 2000 and 2022 was performed on EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA Guidelines. Criteria for the selection of publications were in vitro, animal in vivo, and human in vivo studies where three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue was performed. We extracted data such as (a) author’s country of origin, (b) in vitro study, (c) animal in vivo study, and (d) human in vivo study and categorized the publications by topics such as (1) neural tissue, (2) vascularization, (3) skin, (4) cartilage, (5) bone, and (6) muscle. Additionally, recent discoveries of in vivo animal trials were summarized.

Results
Out of a pool of 1.629 articles, only 29 publications met our criteria. Of these publications, 97% were published by university institutions. Publications from China (28%, n=8), the USA (28%, n=8), and Germany (10%, n=3) led the publication list on 3D bioprinting. Concerning the publications, 45% (n=13) were in vitro studies, 52% (n=15) in vivo studies on animal models, and 3% (n=1) pilot clinical studies on humans as reported by Zhou et al. (EBioMedicine 28: 287–302, 2018). Regarding the classification of topics, our study revealed that publications were mainly in the field of 3D printing of cartilage (n=13, 39%), skin (n=7, 21%), bone (n=6, 18%), and vascularization (n=5, 15%).

Conclusions
To this date, it has not been yet possible to bioprint whole tissue systems. However, the progress in three-dimensional bioprinting is rapid. There are still some challenges, which need to be overcome regarding cell survival before and during the printing process, continuation of architecture of bioprinted multilinear cells, and long-term stabilization and survival of complex tissues.
Level of evidence: Not ratable.
[99mTc]Tc-PentixaTec: development, extensive pre-clinical evaluation, and first human experience
Authors: Konrad Matthias , Rinscheid Andreas , Wienand Georgine , Nittbaur Bernd , Wester Hans-Jürgen , Janzen Tilman , Lapa Constantin , Pfob Christian Helmut , Schottelius Margret 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical success non-invasive imaging of CXCR4 expression using [68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor-PET warrants an expansion of the targeting concept towards conventional scintigraphy/SPECT with their lower cost and general availability. To this aim, we developed and comparatively evaluated a series of 99mTc-labeled cyclic pentapeptides based on the PentixaFor scaffold.

Methods
Six mas3-conjugated CPCR4 analogs with different 4-aminobenzoic acid (Abz)-D-Ala-D-Arg-aa3 linkers (L1–L6) as well as the corresponding HYNIC- and N4-analogs of L6-CPCR4 were synthesized via standard SPPS. Competitive binding studies (IC50 and IC50inv) were carried out using Jurkat T cell lymphoma cells and [125I]FC-131 as radioligand. Internalization kinetics were investigated using hCXCR4-overexpressing Chem-1 cells. Biodistribution studies and small animal SPECT/CT imaging (1 h p.i.) were carried out using Jurkat xenograft bearing CB17/SCID mice. Based on the preclinical results, [99mTc]Tc-N4-L6-CPCR4 ([99mTc]Tc-PentixaTec) was selected for an early translation to the human setting. Five patients with hematologic malignancies underwent [99mTc]Tc-N4-L6-CPCR4 SPECT/planar imaging with individual dosimetry.

Results
Of the six mas3-conjugated peptides, mas3-L6-CPCR4 (mas3-dap-r-a-Abz-CPCR4) showed the highest CXCR4 affinity (IC50 = 5.0 ± 1.3 nM). Conjugation with N4 (N4-L6-CPCR4) further improved hCXCR4 affinity to 0.6 ± 0.1 nM. [99mTc]Tc-N4-L6-CPCR4 also showed the most efficient internalization (97% of total cellular activity at 2 h) and the highest tumor accumulation (8.6 ± 1.3% iD/g, 1 h p.i.) of the compounds investigated. Therefore, [99mTc]Tc-N4-L6-CPCR4 (termed [99mTc]Tc-PentixaTec) was selected for first-in-human application. [99mTc]Tc-PentixaTec was well tolerated, exhibits a favorable biodistribution and dosimetry profile (2.1–3.4 mSv per 500 MBq) and excellent tumor/background ratios in SPECT and planar imaging.

Conclusion
The successive optimization of the amino acid composition of the linker structure and the N-terminal 99mTc-labeling strategies (mas3 vs HYNIC vs N4) has provided [99mTc]Tc-PentixaTec as a novel, highly promising CXCR4-targeted SPECT agent for clinical application. With its excellent CXCR4 affinity, efficient internalization, high uptake in CXCR4-expressing tissues, suitable clearance/biodistribution characteristics, and favorable human dosimetry, it holds great potential for further clinical use.

Graphical abstract
Can penguins (Spheniscidae) see in the ultraviolet spectrum?
Authors: Hadden Peter W. , Vorobyev Misha , Hadden William H. , Bonadonna Francesco , McGhee Charles N.J. , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has been postulated that ultraviolet reflectance is important in mate choice in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus, although not in other penguin species that do not have body parts that reflect UV light. However, this theory has been challenged. Here we aimed to determine the transmission of the ocular media in the large King Penguin as well as the smallest penguin, the Little Penguin Eudyptula minor, and a medium-sized penguin, the Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua, to determine if the penguin eye is capable of seeing ultraviolet light. In all species the cornea absorbed the most damaging rays at 300 nm or below but it was the lens that predominantly determined the transmission of light between 300 and 400 nm. The lenses of a young King Penguin absorbed almost all light less than 370 nm and had 50% transmission at 406 nm, thus ultraviolet perception in the King Penguin is very limited. In contrast, 50% lenticular transmission was 329 nm in the Little Penguin and 367 nm in the Gentoo. Therefore, we suspect that ultraviolet light may be more important in the behaviour of smaller penguins than in the King Penguin, where it is unlikely to play a significant role.
Influence of noninvasive brain stimulation on connectivity and local activation: a combined tDCS and fMRI study
Authors: Claaß Luise Victoria , Hedrich Annika , Reinelt Janis , Sehm Bernhard , Villringer Arno , Schlagenhauf Florian , Kaminski Jakob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neurobiological mechanisms underlying executive function in the human brain remains elusive. This study aims at examining the effect of anodal and cathodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in comparison with sham stimulation on resting-state connectivity as well as functional activation and working memory performance. We hypothesized perturbed fronto-parietal resting-state connectivity during stimulation and altered working memory performance combined with modified functional working memory-related activation. We applied tDCS with 1 mA for 21 min over the DLPFC inside an fMRI scanner. During stimulation, resting-state fMRI was acquired and task-dependent fMRI during working memory task performance was acquired directly after stimulation. N = 36 healthy subjects were studied in a within-subject design with three different experimental conditions (anodal, cathodal and sham) in a double-blind design. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses and dynamic causal modeling were conducted for the resting-state fMRI data. We found a significant stimulation by region interaction in the seed-based ROI-to-ROI resting-state connectivity, but no effect on effective connectivity. We also did not find an effect of stimulation on task-dependent signal alterations in working memory activation in our regions of interest and no effect on working memory performance parameters. We found effects on measures of seed-based resting-state connectivity, while measures of effective connectivity and task-based connectivity did not show any stimulation effect. We could not replicate previous findings of tDCS stimulation effects on behavioral outcomes. We critically discuss possible methodological limitations and implications for future studies.
Modeling decompression paths in a basaltic andesite magma using the nucleation and growth of plagioclase microlites
Authors: Marshall Aaron A. , Andrews Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlagioclase microlites in a magma nucleate and grow in response to melt supersaturation (Δϕplag). The resultant frozen plagioclase crystal size distribution (CSD) preserves the history of decompression pathways (dP/dt). SNGPlag is a numerical model that calculates the equilibrium composition of a decompressing magma and nucleates and grows plagioclase in response to an imposed Δϕplag. Here, we test a new version of SNGPlag calibrated for use with basaltic andesite magmas and model dP/dt for the ca. 12.6 ka Curacautín eruption of Llaima volcano, Chile. Instantaneous nucleation (Nplag) and growth (Gplag) rates of plagioclase were computed using the experimental results of Shea and Hammer (J Volcanol Geotherm Res 260:127–145, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.04.018, 2013) and used for SNGPlag modeling of basaltic andesite composition. Maximum Nplag of 6.1 × 105 cm h−1 is achieved at a Δϕplag of 44% and the maximum Gplag of 27.4 μm h−1 is achieved at a Δϕplag of 29%. Our modeled log dP/dtavg range from 2.69 ± 0.09 to 6.89 ± 0.96 MPa h−1 (1σ) with an average duration of decompression from 0.87 ± 0.25 to 16.13 ± 0.29 h assuming a starting pressure Pi of 110–150 MPa. These rates are similar to those derived from mafic decompression experiments for other explosive eruptions. Using assumptions for lithostatic pressure gradients (dP/dz), we calculate ascent rates of < 1–6 m s−1. We conducted a second set of Monte Carlo simulations using Pi of 15–30 MPa to investigate the influence of shallower decompression, resulting in log dP/dtavg from 2.86 ± 0.49 to 6.00 ± 0.86 MPa h−1. The dP/dt modeled here is two orders of magnitude lower than those calculated by Valdivia et al. (Bull Volcanol, 10.1007/s00445-021-01514-8, 2022) for the same eruption using a bubble number density meter, and suggests homogeneous nucleation raises dP/dt by orders of magnitude in the shallow conduit. Our modeling further supports the rapid-ascent hypothesis for driving highly explosive mafic eruptions.
A real-time Arabic avatar for deaf–mute community using attention mechanism
Authors: Mosa Diana T. , Nasef Nada A. , Lotfy Mohamed A. , Abohany Amr A. , Essa Reham M. , Salem Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpeech-impaired people use Sign Language (SL), an efficient natural form of communication, all over the world. This paper aims to use deep learning technology in the realm of SL translation and identification. In order to ease communication between hearing-impaired and sighted individuals and to enable the social inclusion of hearing-impaired people in their daily lives, it presents a transformer as a neural machine translation model. The article details the creation of a machine translation system that converts Arabic audio and text into Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) automatically. It does this by utilizing an animated character to produce the correct sign for each spoken word. Since Arabic has few resources, it was challenging to obtain an Arabic-Sign dataset, so we created our own Arabic–Arabic sign gloss, which consists of 12,187 pairs, to train the model. We use bidirectional encoder representations from transformers as an embedding layer to interpret input text tokens and represent an appropriate natural language vector space for deep learning models. To represent the structure of each Arabic word, the Ferasa Part-of-Speech Tagging module was used and then the extracted rules from the ArSL structure were applied. This paper shows a detailed description of a natural language translator (for converting an Arabic word sequence into a sequence of signs belonging to the ArSL) and a 2D avatar animation module (for playing back the signs). In our prototype, we train the software-based module using the attention mechanism. The evaluation was carried out in our developed Arabic sentences with the corresponding Arabic gloss. The proposed model achieves promising results and indicates significant improvements to direct communication between hearing and deaf people, with a training accuracy of 94.71% and an 87.04% testing accuracy for Arabic–Arabic sign gloss translation.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Borehole Size, Borehole Roughness, and Installation Pressure on the Pull Load Capacity of Inflatable Rockbolts
Authors: Li Charlie C. , Aure Andreas , Knox Greig 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn inflatable rockbolt is a steel tube that has been rolled into an omega shape. During installation, water is injected into the tube, which expands the profile of the rockbolt, generating a radial force against the borehole wall. This reinforces the rock mass through the friction at the bolt–rock interface. This study aims to quantify the effects of borehole size, borehole roughness, and installation water pressure on the pull load capacity of the bolt. This was achieved through a series of pull tests under laboratory conditions. The test results showed that the load capacity was higher in boreholes that were either close to the initial profile diameter of the bolt or the fully unfolded diameter of the bolt, that were 26.8 mm and 38.7 mm, respectively, in the study. The load capacity and the radial stiffness of the bolt were lowest in the medium-sized boreholes (33 and 33.5 mm). In small boreholes, the shoulders of the bolt tongue are tightly compressed such that the outward elastic deformation of the bolt tube is locked in after installation. This deformation locking enhances the load capacity of the bolt. In addition, the load capacity was found to be higher in percussively drilled boreholes than in diamond-drilled boreholes. The additional friction angle of the percussive boreholes was back-calculated to be approximately 5.83°. The load capacity was also found to increase as the installation water pressure increases in the range of pressures tested. It was observed that the inflatable bolt was clamped against the borehole in three zones: on the two tongue shoulders and the side of the bolt opposite the tongue.
Immediate effect of caffeine on sympathetic nerve activity: why coffee is safe? A single-centre crossover study
Authors: Butler Jennifer M. , Frampton Christopher M. , Moore Grant , Barclay Murray L. , Jardine David L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purposes
Habitual coffee drinking is ubiquitous and generally considered to be safe despite its transient hypertensive effect. Our purpose was to determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the hypertensive response.

Methods
In a single-centre crossover study, medical caregivers were studied after consumption of standard coffee (espresso), water and decaffeinated coffee (decaff) given in random order at least 1 month apart. Plasma caffeine levels, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, total peripheral resistance and muscle sympathetic activity were recorded. Baroreflex activity was assessed using burst incidence and RR interval changes to spontaneous blood pressure fluctuations.

Results
A total of 16 subjects (mean [± standard error] age 34.4 ± 2 years; 44% female) were recruited to the study. Three agents were studied in ten subjects, and two agents were studied in six subjects. Over a 120-min period following the consumption of standard coffee, mean (± SE) plasma caffeine levels increased from 2.4 ± 0.8 to 21.0 ± 4 µmol/L and arterial pressure increased to 103 ± 1 mmHg compared to water (101 ± 1 mmHg; p = 0.066) and decaff (100 ± 1 mmHg; p = 0.016). Peripheral resistance in the same period following coffee increased to 120 ± 4% of the baseline level compared to water (107 ± 4; p = 0.01) and decaff (109 ± 4; p = 0.02). Heart rate was lower after both coffee and decaff consumption: 62 ± 1 bpm compared to water (64 bpm; p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Cardio-vagal baroreflex activity remained stable after coffee, but sympathetic activity decreased, with burst frequency of 96 ± 3% versus water (106 ± 3%; p = 0.04) and decaff (112 ± 3%; p = 0.001) despite a fall in baroreflex activity from – 2.2 ± 0.1 to – 1.8 ± 0.1 bursts/100 beats/mmHg, compared to water (p = 0.009) and decaff (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
The hypertensive response to coffee is secondary to peripheral vasoconstriction but this is not mediated by increased sympathetic nerve activity. These results may explain why habitual coffee drinking is safe.