bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac magnetic resonance left ventricular filling pressure is linked to symptoms, signs and prognosis in heart failure
Authors: Grafton‐Clarke Ciaran , Garg Pankaj , Swift Andrew J. , Alabed Samer , Thomson Ross , Aung Nay , Chambers Bradley , Klassen Joel , Levelt Eylem , Farley Jonathan , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Swoboda Peter P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) can be estimated from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We aimed to investigate whether CMR‐derived LVFP is associated with signs, symptoms, and prognosis in patients with recently diagnosed heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThis study recruited 454 patients diagnosed with HF who underwent same‐day CMR and clinical assessment between February 2018 and January 2020. CMR‐derived LVFP was calculated, as previously, from long‐ and short‐axis cines. CMR‐derived LVFP association with symptoms and signs of HF was investigated. Patients were followed for median 2.9 years (interquartile range 1.5–3.6 years) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, non‐fatal stroke, and non‐fatal myocardial infarction. The mean age was 62 ± 13 years, 36% were female (n = 163), and 30% (n = 135) had raised LVFP. Forty‐seven per cent of patients had an ejection fraction < 40% during CMR assessment. Patients with raised LVFP were more likely to have pleural effusions [hazard ratio (HR) 3.2, P = 0.003], orthopnoea (HR 2.0, P = 0.008), lower limb oedema (HR 1.7, P = 0.04), and breathlessness (HR 1.7, P = 0.01). Raised CMR‐derived LVFP was associated with a four‐fold risk of HF hospitalization (HR 4.0, P < 0.0001) and a three‐fold risk of MACE (HR 3.1, P < 0.0001). In the multivariable model, raised CMR‐derived LVFP was independently associated with HF hospitalization (adjusted HR 3.8, P = 0.0001) and MACE (adjusted HR 3.0, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsRaised CMR‐derived LVFP is strongly associated with symptoms and signs of HF. In addition, raised CMR‐derived LVFP is independently associated with subsequent HF hospitalization and MACE.
Are biomarkers associated with sensitivity to physical activity?
Authors: Flegg D. , Lima L. V. , Woznowski‐Vu A. , Aternali A. , Gervais A. , Stone L. , Wideman T. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundActivity‐based treatments play an integral role in managing musculoskeletal conditions including low back pain. However, while therapeutic exercise has been shown to reduce pain in such conditions, certain individuals experience a paradoxical pain increase in response to exercise. The physiological processes underlying this sensitivity to physical activity (SPA) are not fully understood, however stress and inflammation have been shown to contribute to SPA. The present cross‐sectional study investigated whether physiological indicators of stress (cortisol) and inflammation (IL‐6) help explain SPA.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with chronic low back pain and 21 healthy controls completed a 1‐h exercise session of standardized physical tasks. SPA was calculated from the difference between post‐ and pre‐exercise pain levels. Participant's saliva was collected at several timepoints for cortisol and IL‐6 levels quantification. Their waking cortisol response was calculated to reflect their cortisol regulation. Reactivity of IL‐6 and cortisol was calculated to reflect changes in these measures during exercise.ResultsIL‐6 reactivity was significantly and positively correlated with SPA among participants with low back pain. In contrast, neither cortisol waking response nor cortisol reactivity was significantly correlated within the low back pain group. No significant differences in IL‐6 reactivity, cortisol reactivity or cortisol waking response were observed.ConclusionThese findings are the first to link SPA to an objective biomarker among people with low back pain. These findings help describe the physiological mechanisms of SPA and can support new clinical research that targets the inflammatory response of patients with chronic low‐back pain and elevated SPA.SignificanceThis study reveals a correlation between SPA and an objective salivary biomarker of IL‐6 in people with low back pain, improving our understanding of this clinically relevant subjective experience.
Hepatoprotective effects of Niudali (Callerya speciosa) root aqueous extracts against tetrachloromethane‐induced acute liver injury and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Yizi , Huang Jinwen , Gan Lishe , Wu Rihui , Jin Jingwei , Wang Tinghan , Sun Shili , Zhang Zhenbiao , Li Liya , Zheng Xi , Zhang Kun , Sun Lingli , Ma Hang , Li Dongli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNiudali (Callerya speciosa) is commonly grown in southeastern regions of China and consumed as a food ingredient. Although Niudali root extracts showed various biological activities, the hepatoprotective effects of Niudali root phytochemicals are not fully studied. Herein, we prepared two Niudali root aqueous extracts, namely, c and Niudali polysaccharides‐enriched extract (NPE), and identified an alkaloid, (hypaphorine) in NEW. The hepatoprotective effects of NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine were evaluated in an acute liver injury model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Pathohistological examination and blood chemistry assays showed that treatment of NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine alleviated CCl4‐induced liver damage by lowering the liver injury score (by 75.51%, 80.01%, and 41.22%) and serum aspartate and alanine transaminases level (by 63.24%, 85.22%, and 49.74% and by 78.73%, 80.08%, and 81.70%), respectively. NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine also reduced CCl4‐induced hepatic oxidative stresses in the liver tissue by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (by 40.00%, 51.25%, and 28.75%) and reactive oxygen species (by 30.22%, 36.14%, and 33.54%) while increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (by 21.36%, 21.64%, and 8.90%), catalase (by 22.13%, 33.33%, and 5.39%), and glutathione (by 84.87%, 90.65%, and 80.53%), respectively. Mechanistic assays showed that NWE, NPE, and hypaphorine alleviated liver damage by mediating inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., pro‐inflammatory cytokines) via the signaling pathways of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB. Findings from our study extend the understanding of Niudali's hepatoprotective effects, which is useful for its development as a dietary intervention for liver inflammation.
Effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychological well‐being on people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Rose Sin Yi Lin , Jing Jing Su , Hammoda Abu‐Odah , Jonathan Bayuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and are strongly linked to accelerated cognitive decline and dementia onset. While mindfulness‐based interventions have shown promise in improving psychological well‐being in clinical and community settings, their efficacy for individuals in these pre‐dementia stages remains unclear. This meta‐analysis examined the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on NPS and psychological outcomes in these preclinical cohorts.MethodsEligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, JBI EPB, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. Two independent researchers conducted the literature search and data extraction. Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Intervention effects were estimated by Hedge's g and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 18 randomized controlled trials (including 974 participants from 21 studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant immediate post‐intervention effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on anxiety (g = −0.30, 95% CI −0.49 to −0.11), stress (g = −0.58, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.24), and quality of life (g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.12–0.87). However, no significant effects were found for depression, apathy, mindfulness, and stress‐related biomarkers. Follow‐up data analysis also did not reveal significant effects for depression and anxiety.ConclusionsThe findings of this meta‐analysis suggest that mindfulness‐based interventions may improve anxiety, stress, and quality of life in individuals with SCD and MCI. However, more rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and evaluation using physiological parameters are needed to establish more definitive conclusions. Future interventions could consider incorporating cognitive training and health education to address the specific needs of the pre‐dementia population.Registration NumberPROSPERO: CRD42022359906.
The benefit and limitations of an online physical activity program in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A quantitative analysis of the virtual Latrobe Streetgames program
Authors: Kemel Paul N. , Porter Joanne E. , Coombs Nicole 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to the closure of many physical activity programs, with many online programs being created in place to maintain physical activity engagement. This study explored the outcomes of an online physical program on its participants.MethodA validated survey was used to explore Virtual Streetgames (VSG) participants' perceptions about their physical, mental, and social health while participating in VGS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the impact of the online format.ResultsMany VSG participants were not achieving their daily physical activity recommendations, with a considerable portion of individuals feeling frustrated at not being able to socialise. A substantial difference was seen between adults and adolescents, with increased adult activity rates for those adults participating in VSG. Despite this influence on physical well‐being, VSG did not seem to influence mental or social wellbeing.ConclusionsThe results give detail into how the COVID‐19 pandemic has influenced adolescent and young adult physical, mental, and social health, noting that the reduction of in‐person contact influenced motivation for exercise. Online physical activity programs may have some positive impact in improving adult physical activity rates, but they are not as effective as face‐to‐face programs in improving overall well‐being.So What?The findings of this study suggest that online physical activity programs may not be as effective as face‐to‐face programs in improving overall well‐being. Future research should explore ways to improve the social and motivational aspects of online physical activity programs to maximise their benefits for participants.
Perception of hypertension and adherence to hypertension treatment among patients attending a hospital in western Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baharvand Parastoo , Malekshahi Farideh , Babakhani Amirpourya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHypertension is the third leading cause of death in the world and is estimated to be increased by about 60% by 2025. Beliefs about hypertension can predict patient adherence to hypertension treatment. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of hypertension and adherence to hypertension treatment among patients in Khorramabad, Iran.MethodsThis is a descriptive/analytical study with a cross‐sectional design. Participants were 265 patients with a history of hypertension referred to a hospital in Khorramabad, Lorestan Province in western Iran in 2020, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. A demographic form, the brief illness perception questionnaire‐revised (BIPQ‐R), and Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS‐8) were used for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and regression analysis.ResultsThe mean scores of BIPQ‐R and MMAS‐8 were 49.05 ± 15.45 (out of 80) and 3.69 ± 1.62 (out of 8), respectively. There was a significant relationship between the mean scores of MMAS‐8 and BIPQ‐R in total (p < 0.001). Perceptions of illness consequences (B = 4.59, p = 0.005), personal control (B = 0.190, p = 0.047), and symptoms (B = 1.77, p = 0.005) could significantly predict treatment adherence of patients. In illness perception, there were significant differences among patients with different places of residence (p = 0.032), educational levels (p = 0.001), and employment status (p = 0.010). In treatment adherence, there were significant differences among patients with different places of residence (p = 0.042) and educational levels (p = 0.045).ConclusionTreatment adherence of hypertensive patients in western Iran is at a low level, while their perception of hypertension is at a moderate level. Clinical physicians are recommended to pay attention to the perception of illness in these patients (especially unemployed and less educated patients living in rural areas) to improve their adherence to treatment and blood pressure control.
Dyslexia is not a gift, but it is not that simple
Authors: Johnson Rachelle M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere has been relentless debate as to whether dyslexia is a gift, and specifically, if dyslexics are more creative than the average person, despite established research evidence that there is no difference in creativity between those with and without dyslexia. With this paper, I outline that this conversation is not that simple, and one must consider society's view of disability and the developmental experience of growing up in a society that devalues dyslexic people. I conclude by positing that while dyslexia is not a gift, it is a part of neurodiversity.Highlights
This paper describes the nuances as to why, while dyslexia is not a gift, it is not that simple.
As dyslexics develop, they exist within an ableist society that devalues people who are struggling readers, disabled, and neurodivergent.
Dyslexia does not need to come with special gifts in order for dyslexics to hold value in society. Dyslexics are part of neurodiversity, and neurodiversity is valued.
Long‐term abuse of caffeine sodium benzoate induces endothelial cells injury and leads to coagulation dysfunction
Authors: Yu Tianwei , Wang Hongwei , Guo Rong , Liu Jianzhong , Tian Lili , Guga Suri , Li Weixin , Zhao Huiying , Suo Feiya , Yang Hao , Yan Quanzhi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur hospital admitted a patient who had difficulty in coagulation even after blood replacement, and the patient had abused caffeine sodium benzoate (CSB) for more than 20 years. Hence, we aimed to explore whether CSB may cause dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its possible mechanism. Low, medium, and high concentrations of serum of long‐term CSB intake patients were used to treat HUVECs, with LPS as the positive control. MTT and CCK8 were performed to verify CSB's damaging effect on HUVECs. The expression of ET‐1, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and E‐selectin were measured by ELISA. TUNEL assay and Matrigel tube formation assay were carried out to detect apoptosis and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell cycles and expression of CD11b, PDGF, and ICAM‐1. Expression of PDGF‐BB and PCNA were examined by western blot. The activation of MAPK signaling pathway was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Intracellular Ca2+ density was detected by fluorescent probes. CCK8 assay showed high concentration of CSB inhibited cell viability. Cell proliferation and angiogenesis were inhibited by CSB. ET‐1, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and E‐selectin upregulated in CSB groups. CSB enhanced apoptosis of HUVECs. CD11b, ICAM‐1 increased and PDGF reduced in CSB groups. The expression level and phosphorylation level of MEK, ERK, JUN, and p38 in MAPK pathway elevated in CSB groups. The expression of PCNA and PDGF‐BB was suppressed by CSB. Intracellular Ca2+ intensity was increased by CSB. Abuse of CSB injured HUVECs and caused coagulation disorders.
RNA processing and degradation mechanisms shaping the mitochondrial transcriptome of budding yeasts
Authors: Golik Pawel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractYeast mitochondrial genes are expressed as polycistronic transcription units that contain RNAs from different classes and show great evolutionary variability. The promoters are simple, and transcriptional control is rudimentary. Posttranscriptional mechanisms involving RNA maturation, stability, and degradation are thus the main force shaping the transcriptome and determining the expression levels of individual genes. Primary transcripts are fragmented by tRNA excision by RNase P and tRNase Z, additional processing events occur at the dodecamer site at the 3′ end of protein‐coding sequences. groups I and II introns are excised in a self‐splicing reaction that is supported by protein splicing factors encoded by the nuclear genes, or by the introns themselves. The 3′‐to‐5′ exoribonucleolytic complex called mtEXO is the main RNA degradation activity involved in RNA turnover and processing, supported by an auxiliary 5′‐to‐3′ exoribonuclease Pet127p. tRNAs and, to a lesser extent, rRNAs undergo several different base modifications. This complex gene expression system relies on the coordinated action of mitochondrial and nuclear genes and undergoes rapid evolution, contributing to speciation events. Moving beyond the classical model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to other budding yeasts should provide important insights into the coevolution of both genomes that constitute the eukaryotic genetic system.
Was Harold Zurcher myopic after all? Replicating Rust's engine replacement estimates
Authors: Ferrall Christopher 
Published: August 2023

SummaryRust (1987) studies the dynamic decision making under uncertainty made by Harold Zurcher to replace bus engines. In the decades since, the model has been applied, extended, and used as an example multiple times. This paper resolves some discrepancies in how data were transformed in the original and subsequent archives. Using a package that standardizes computation of estimated dynamic programming, it replicates the 12 original maximum likelihood estimates and the six main hypothesis tests of whether Zurcher's decisions were myopic or not. The discrepancy in the data processing results in modest differences in estimates and log‐likelihoods, but the p‐values are essentially the same because the differences are very similar across values of the discount factor in the tests.
The Association of Tryptophan and Its Metabolites With Incident Hip Fractures, Mortality, and Prevalent Frailty in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Carbone Laura , Bůžková Petra , Fink Howard A , Robbins John A , Barzilay Joshua I , Elam Rachel E , Isales Carlos 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAmino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and sufficient protein intake is important for skeletal health. We utilized stored serum from the Cardiovascular Health Study in 1992–1993 to examine the relationship between levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan (trp) and its oxidized and nonoxidized metabolites to risk for incident hip fractures and mortality over 12 years of follow‐up. We included 131 persons who sustained a hip fracture during this time period and 131 without a hip fracture over these same 12 years of follow‐up; 58% female and 95% White. Weighted multivariable Cox hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident hip fracture associated with a one standard deviation (SD) higher trp or its metabolites exposure. Relative risk regression was used to evaluate the cross‐sectional association of trp and its metabolites with frailty. Higher serum levels of trp were significantly associated with lower risk of incident hip fractures (HR = 0.75 per SD of trp (95% CI 0.57–0.99) but were not significantly associated with mortality or frailty status by Freid's frailty index. There were no statistically significant associations between any of the oxidized or nonoxidized products of trp with incident hip fractures (p ≥ 0.64), mortality (p ≥ 0.20), or cross‐sectional frailty status (p ≥ 0.13) after multiple testing adjustment. Randomized clinical trials examining whether increasing trp intake is beneficial for osteoporosis are needed. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
A configuration‐based heatbath‐CI for spin‐adapted multireference electronic structure calculations with large active spaces
Authors: Ugandi Mihkel , Roemelt Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work reports on a spin‐pure configuration‐based implementation of the heatbath configuration interaction (HCI) algorithm for selective configuration interaction. Besides the obvious advantage of being spin‐pure, the presented method combines the compactness of the configurational ansatz with the known efficiency of the HCI algorithm and a variety of algorithmic and conceptual ideas to achieve a high level of performance. In particular, through pruning of the selected configurational space after HCI selection by means of a more strict criterion, a more compact wavefunction representation is obtained. Moreover, the underlying logic of the method allows us to minimize the number of redundant matrix‐matrix multiplications while making use of just‐in‐time compilation to achieve fast diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The critical search for 2‐electron connections within the configurational space is facilitated by a tree‐based representation thereof as suggested previously by Gopal et al. Usage of a prefix‐based parallelization and batching during the calculation of the PT2‐correction leads to a good load balancing and significantly reduced memory requirements for these critical steps of the calculation. In this way, the need for a semistochastic approach to the PT2 correction is avoided even for large configurational spaces. Finally, several test‐cases are discussed to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the presented method.