bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Property Analysis of Antioxidant of Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhi-quan Zhang , Jing-yu Zhang , Bao-wei Zhu , Hong Chen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carbazole derivatives can be used as antioxidants in the lubricating- oil industry. The alkylation of carbazole with bromoisopropane and chlorotert butane catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride was studied. 3,6-di-iso-propylcarbazole and 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole were synthesized from dichloromethane and dibromomethane at ,25 ℃ respectively. The effects of reaction time, catalyst dosage, and the molar ratio of carbazole to chloroalkanes were investigated, and orthogonal experiments were carried out. The structures of the carbazole derivatives were characterized by IR and MS. The thermal stability of the synthesized carbazole derivatives was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The carbazole derivatives were added to the lubricating oil with a mass fraction of 0.8%, and the miscibility, stability and oxidation resistance of the mixed system were evaluated using the mechanical stirring method and rotary pressure vessel oxidation test. The DSC results showed good thermal stability for the carbazole derivatives. The mechanical stirring method also proved that the mixture of oil and carbazole derivatives has good solubility and stability. The results of the rotary pressure vessel oxidation test showed that isopropyl and tertbutyl carbazole derivatives increased the oxidation-induction period of the lubricating oil by 1.39 and 1.91 times, respectively.
Secondary adrenal insufficiency during hypoglycemia caused by insulinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xiang Yang , Zhou Weibin , Han Heming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BackgroundInsulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that is usually benign, but it can be life-threatening due to the hypoglycemic events it causes. Adrenal insufficiency can also be a cause of hypoglycemia. In a normal physiological response, the occurrence of hypoglycemia can stimulate cortisol secretion.Case presentationWe report a case of a young female patient with hypoglycemia who was diagnosed with insulinoma and adrenal insufficiency based on symptoms and laboratory tests，and was then given her hydrocortisone therapy. Hormone replacement therapy was discontinued after surgical removal of the insulinoma. Three months postoperatively, the patient did not develop hypoglycemia. In addition, levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol are also shown to be normal.Discussion and ConclusionsThis article discusses the role of insulinoma in causing adrenal insufficiency, shows that screening for adrenal cortex function in insulinoma patients can help control hypoglycemia and safely perform surgery, preventing the occurrence of more serious complications. This study also shows that postoperative follow-up to assess adrenal cortex function and timely adjustment of glucocorticoid dosage are proven to be necessary.
Molecular-based approach for monitoring fecal contamination in sand from recreational beaches
Authors: Cabot María Eugenia , Piccini Claudia , Inchausti Pablo , García-Alonso Javier 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

For decades, the risks of catching infectious diseases in recreational beaches has been addressed by measuring abundance of fecal indicator bacteria from water samples through culture methods. Recently, analyses of sand samples for beach quality assessments have been developed as a complement for monitoring recreational waters. In parallel, the growing use of molecular techniques for environmental monitoring has led to obtaining rapid results on the exposure to fecal contamination and the detection of pathogenic genes directly. The aim of this work was to analyze the fecal contamination of sand from touristic beaches by qPCR, together with abundance of thermotolerant coliforms in sand and water. The results revealed the presence of pathogenic genes. Pathogenic genes (mainly stx1) were confirmed in 8 out of 20 samples, associated with the lack of sanitation network. The recreational use of sandy beaches may imply a risk to the health of its users, especially near streams and creek outflows, demonstrating the importance of monitoring sand bacteriological quality, and the usefulness of directly monitoring pathogens by means of molecular tools.
The influence of hatch spacing on the metallurgical characteristics of 17-4 PH stainless steel processed by DED
Authors: Mathoho Ipfi , Mathoho Thabiso Sibisi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The quality and performance of additively manufactured part is linked to the process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate, and layer thickness. However, hatch spacing is one of the process parameters that affect the quality and performance of the part, but its effect has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the effect of hatch spacing on the metallurgical characteristics, including microstructural evolution, microhardness, and corrosion behaviour of 17 − 4 PH stainless produced through DED. This study deduced that varying the % overlap had an impact on the proportion of delta ferrite and the grain size. Furthermore, increasing the % overlap was found to cause a reduction in hardness. Meanwhile, it was found that traditionally manufactured 17 − 4 PH is less susceptible to corrosion than additively manufactured 17 − 4 PH.
Online lead time and pricing strategies for a dual-channel fresh agricultural product supply chain
Authors: Ma Yaping - , Pang Tao , Peng Hongjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider a dual-channel fresh agricultural product supply chain, in which consumers are sensitive to the online lead time and the online logistic losses are affected by online lead time and the perishability of the products. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg-Nash model and investigate the optimal strategies of the online lead time and prices. We further analyze the impacts of online lead time sensitivity and perishability of fresh agricultural products on supply chain operation strategies and profits. Our analysis reveals that: (1) Products with high perishability require shorter online lead time, resulting in a higher online retail price, while the profits of farmer and e-commerce platform decrease due to the increased costs. Meanwhile, higher online price would make some customers to switch to offline purchase, and the offline retailer can get higher profits. (2) The increasing sensitivity of consumers to online lead time tends to push the online retail prices lower, which in turn leads to lower profits of farmer and e-commerce platform. (3) When the online lead time has a small impact on the offline channel, as consumers become more sensitive to the online lead time, offline retailer’s profit decreases due to the reduced offline demand, while the offline prices might be higher or lower.
Does Consciousness Level Determine the Timing of Successful Removal of Urinary Catheters at Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit – Implication to Nosocomial Infection Prevention
Authors: Chen Jui-Kuang , Lin Huey-Shyan , Hsiao Chao-Li , Liao Wei-Chuna , Tsai Hung-Chin , Chen Yao-Shen , Chen Wei-Chuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether the level of consciousness can be used as an indicator to determine the successful removal of urinary catheters in post-stroke patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The study included 97 patients who had urinary catheters in NICU and were divided into three groups based on their level of consciousness. Our analyses was performed by various statistical methods, including the chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, univariate and multivariate regression.
Results
The overall success rate of catheter removal was found to be 62.9%. On average, the catheters were retained for 6.3 ± 3.6 days. The presence of diabetes mellitus was identified as the only factor that significantly influenced the successful removal of catheters (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.236, p = 0.035). No significant differences were observed among patients with different degrees of consciousness impairment. Implementing a nursing-driven circle strategy and bladder sonography scan protocol significantly could decrease the catheter-associated urinary infection (CAUTI) rate from 10.25/1,000 catheter days to 6.69/1,000 catheter days.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we recommend removing urinary catheters five days after initial placement for patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score greater than eight and for non-intubated patients, as well as for intubated patients and aphasic patients in the NICU with a GCS score greater than 4. This protocol can potentially prevent CAUTI cases resulting from delayed UC removal.
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN11643929. Registered 17 July 2023, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12345678
Spontaneous Cervical Epidural Hematoma Misdiagnosed as Stroke: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cui Wei , Wang Li , He Guanping , Zhang Yangpu , Hai Yong , Meng Xianglong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma (SCEH) is a clinically rare condition that can lead to quadriplegia or hemiparesis due to compression of the spinal cord by a hematoma. This condition is often misdiagnosed as stroke, and administering thrombolysis can have serious consequences.Case presentation: In this case, a 74-year-old woman presented with neck and shoulder pain following poor posture during her lunch break, which was further aggravated after receiving a massage from family members, leading to complete right hemiparesis. The patient was promptly taken to the emergency room, where thrombolytic therapy was administered based on the Stroke Scale score, cranial CT, and cervical CT to rule out hemorrhage. Unfortunately, the patient's symptoms worsened after thrombolytic therapy. Subsequently, she was admitted to the neurology department, where rehydration and dehydration therapy resulted in improvement. However, her symptoms reappeared due to inappropriate anticoagulation therapy. An orthopedic surgeon was consulted, and considering the patient's history of neck pain and the possibility of cervical lesions, an acute cervical MRI was performed. The MRI revealed a slightly long T2 signal within the lamellar region of the C2-4 spinal cord. Upon review and comparison with the initial cervical CT, the diagnosis was revised to cervical spine spontaneous epidural hematoma. Urgent surgical decompression was then performed, resulting in improved neurological symptoms.Conclusion SCEH is a rare but disabling and potentially fatal disease. Clinicians should be aware of its typical symptoms and include it as a vital differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis as stroke. Caution should be exercised when considering anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy before and after the diagnosis of SCEH. Early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment can significantly improve neurological and functional outcomes, although identifying this condition remains challenging for clinicians.
Thermal effect on microstructure and mechanical properties in directed energy deposition of AISI 316L
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Hu Guangda , Yan Zhaorui , Liu Bingjun , Wang Tandong , Lyu Zhenxin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

At present, in the directed energy deposition (DED) of metals, the heat transfer of the melt pool and microstructural evolution are not fully understood. This study investigates the thermal effect on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of DED AISI 316L, using in-situ optical monitoring. Five thin-wall samples were tested to determine the effect on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties with variable laser powers and scanning speeds. A comprehensive optical monitoring system with a CMOS (coaxial complementary metal oxide semiconductor) visual module and an infrared camera was adopted in analyzing the temperature gradient and the solidification rate. The emissivity of the melt pool was calibrated, using the melt pool length, extracted from the coaxial visual image. The results showed that microstructures mainly consist of the coarse columnar grain and the equiaxed grain at the top layer of AISI 316L samples. The solidification structure that the epitaxial growth of columnar grains was the compromised results of heat flux orientation that close to the building direction and the preferred crystallographic direction. High temperature gradient and high solidification rate are beneficial to obtaining fine grain size and high yield stress. A modified microstructure map for DED AISI316L was established, which correlates the solidification parameters with a solidification microstructure. This research study, combining temperature distribution, solidification parameter, microstructure, and tensile property, provides an experimental identification of solidification parameters and the model on the solidification theory for precision control of DED process.
A new pilot assignment scheme for mitigating pilot contamination in uplink massive MIMO systems
Authors: Gidena Haftom Tesfay , Weldemichael Kiros 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pilot contamination is a serious issue in massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems which significantly degrades system performance. In this paper, we investigate a new pilot assignment scheme by integrating two-dimensional genetic algorithm (2D-GA) with Tabu-Search algorithm (TS) to mitigate the pilot contamination problem. Firstly, we design a two-dimensional genetic algorithm equipped with elitism strategy as a principal algorithm for solving the pilot assignment problem; then, aiming to enhance the convergence speed of the genetic algorithm to the ideal optimal solution, we integrate TS with the genetic algorithm. This integrated pilot assignment scheme, henceforth designated as GATS-PA, is found to be powerful in mitigating the pilot contamination problem. Numerical simulation results verify that the proposed pilot assignment scheme is very close to the ideal optimal solution with only few number of iterations and outperforms existing methods in terms of enhancing the uplink sum-rate and average rate over a wide range of simulation parameters.
Does Nickel-contaminated groundwater in a mining area cause health risks to vulnerable consumers?
Authors: Salehi Fatemeh , Esmaeilbeigi Milad , Kazemi Ali , Sharafi Saeed , Sahebi Zahra , Asl Ali Ghanavati 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study examined the health risk associated with nickel (Ni) in the groundwater of South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. A total of 110 stations were included in the study, comprising 62 wells, 40 qanats, and 8 springs in the summer of 2020. Initially, the collected samples were tested for temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). Subsequently, the samples were filtered and treated with nitric acid (HNO3) to measure the concentration of Ni using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hazard quotient (HQ) and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were employed to evaluate the potential risks of Ni to the inhabitants. The findings revealed that the concentration of Ni ranged from 0.02 to 132.39 µg l− 1, and only two stations exhibited Ni concentrations above the WHO standards (20 µg l− 1). The results demonstrated that 98.21% of the sampled locations had HQ values below one, indicating negligible risk, while 1.78% of the stations exhibited HQ values of one or higher, representing a high non-carcinogenic risk for water consumers. Overall, the concentration of nickel in the groundwater of South Khorasan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit solely in the Halvan station, posing a non-carcinogenic risk for the residents in that area, and therefore, additional efforts should be made to provide healthier groundwater to consumers in this region.
A comparison of the characteristics and outcomes of children with COVID-19 infections and children with other respiratory tract viral infections requiring high-flow nasal cannula
Authors: Besin Dorukhan , Böncüoğlu Elif , Kıymet Elif , Cem Ela , Çelebi Miray Yilmaz , Düzgöl Mine , Şahinkaya Şahika , Er Anil , Apa Hursit , Kara Aybüke Akaslan , Bayram Süleyman Nuri , Devrim Ilker 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this single-center retrospective cohort study was to compare the clinical and laboratory differences, response, and outome of the patients requiring HFNC between two distinct groups, children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and children infected with other types of respiratory tract viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Ward and COVID-19 pademic wardç Data of the patients was collected from medical records including information on demographic characteristics (age, gender, and medical history); underlying diseases or co-morbidities, indications for HFNC and physical examination findings. If present laboratory examinations taken from the submissions were recorded. The indication and duration of HFNC, the length of hospital stay, admission or transfer to the PICU each patient’s stay in the hospital and if present the mortality rates by group were recorded..
Results
During the study period a total of 171 patients were followed-up under HFNC. Among them, 8 patients were excluded from the study due to absence of arterial blood gas results before HFNC and 6 patients were excluded due to absence of PCR testing for COVID-19. At the final analysis, 157 patients under HFNC treatment were included including 22 COVID-19 PCR positive (group I ) and 135 COVID-19 PCR negative patients(Group II).
Conclusions
This study, patients with COVID-19 infections had longer durations of HFNC and hospital stay, in addition to high rate of transmission to PICU, suggesting a worser clinical outcome compared to infections with other viruses.
New Thermal Decomposition Pathway for TATB
Authors: Morrison Keith D. , Racoveanu Ana , Moore Jason S. , Burnham Alan K. , Koroglu Batikan , Coffee Keith R. , Panasci-Nott Adele F. , Klunder Gregory L. , Steele Bradley A. , McClelland M. A. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the thermal decomposition behavior of TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) is a major focus in energetic materials research because of safety issues. Previous research and modelling efforts have suggested benzo-monofurazan condensation producing H2O is the initiating decomposition step. However, early evolving CO2 (m/z 44) along with H2O (m/z 18) evolution have been observed by mass spectrometric monitoring of head-space gases in both constant heating rate and isothermal decomposition studies. The source of the CO2 has not been explained, until now. With the recent successful synthesis of 13C6-TATB (13C incorporated into the benzene ring), the same experiments have been used to show the source of the CO2 is the early breakdown of the TATB ring, not adventitious C from impurities and/or adsorbed CO2. A shift in mass m/z 44 (CO2) to m/z 45 is observed throughout the decomposition process indicating the isotopically labeled 13C ring breakdown occurs at the onset of thermal decomposition along with furazan formation. Partially labeled (N18O2)3-TATB confirms at least some of the oxygen comes from the nitro-groups. This finding has a significant bearing on decomposition computational models for prediction of energy release and deflagration to detonation transitions, with respect to conditions which currently do not recognize this oxidation step.
Identification of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways and immuneinfiltration in uterine leiomyosarcoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Kang YiFan , wang zhihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) ranks high among female malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Among them, the underlying molecular mechanism remains uncertain. We aim to use comprehensive bioinformatics to analyze differently expressed genes (DEGs), signaling pathways, and immune infiltration involved in uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and uterine leiomyoma (UL).
Methods: The GSE68295 and GSE64763 datasets were downloaded from the GEO database and contain 56 samples, including 28 ULMS and 28 UL samples. Microarray data sets were integrated to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R software and the PPI network was built using the STRING database. Cytoscape software was used to screen Hub genes (top 10 genes in terms of severity). Finally, ssGSVA was used to assess immune cell penetration in ULMS.
Results: There were 2268 consensus DEGs, of which 83 were revised upwards and 59 downward. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs are mainly concentrated in cell cycle and mitotic pathways. CDK1, CCNB1, and BUB1 are potential biomarkers of ULMS. Activated
CD10 T cells, activated CD20 T cells, type 20 T helper cells, and type 28 T helper cells are the top four cell types with the largest number of central genes, and they are present in small amounts in sarcoma tissue. Of these, CDK1 has the highest correlation with CD10 activated T cells.
Conclusion: This study shows that the use of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to screen DEGs, pathways and immune infiltrates provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of ULMS pathogenesis and targeted therapy.
Automatic Detection of Temporomandibular Joint Effusion with Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Jeon Seonggwang , Won Jong-Hyun , Auh Q-Schick , Noh Yung-Kyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the usefulness of deep learning-based automatic detection of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) effusion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and whether the diagnostic accuracy of the model improved when patients’ clinical information was provided in addition to MRI images. The sagittal MR images of 2,948 TMJs were collected from 1,017 women and 457 men (mean age 37.19 ± 18.64 years). The TMJ effusion diagnostic performances of three convolutional neural networks (scratch, fine-tuning, and freeze schemes) were compared with those of human experts based on areas under the curve (AUCs) and diagnosis accuracies. The fine-tuning model with proton density (PD) images showed acceptable prediction performance (AUC = 0.7895), and the from-scratch (0.6193) and freeze (0.6149) models showed lower performances (p < 0.05). The fine-tuning model had excellent specificity compared to the human experts (87.25% vs. 58.17%). However, the human experts were superior in sensitivity (80.00% vs. 57.43%) (all p < 0.001). In Grad-CAM visualizations, the fine-tuning scheme focused more on effusion than on other structures of the TMJ, and the sparsity was higher than that of the from-scratch scheme (82.40% vs. 49.83%, p < 0.05). The Grad-CAM visualizations agreed with the model learned through important features in the TMJ area, particularly around the articular disc. Two fine-tuning models on PD and T2-weighted images showed that the diagnostic performance did not improve compared with using PD alone (p < 0.05). Diverse AUCs were observed across each group when the patients were divided according to age (0.7083–0.8375) and sex (male:0.7576, female:0.7083). The prediction accuracy of the ensemble model was higher than that of the human experts when all the data were used (74.21% vs. 67.71%, p < 0.05). A deep neural network (DNN) was developed to process multimodal data, including MRI and patient clinical data. Analysis of four age groups with the DNN model showed that the 41–60 age group had the best performance (AUC = 0.8258). There was no significant difference between the prediction performances of the fine-tuning model and the DNN (p > 0.05). The fine-tuning model and DNN were optimal for judging TMJ effusion and may be used to prevent true negative cases and aid in human diagnostic performance. Assistive automated diagnostic methods have the potential to increase clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy.