bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoaggressive T lymphocyte lines recognizing the encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein: in vitro selection from unprimed rat T lymphocyte populations.
Authors: Schluesener H J , Wekerle H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Autoimmune T lymphocyte lines have been established from unprimed normal rat lymph node cell populations. In a first, negative-selection round, spontaneously proliferating (SMLR) T cells were eliminated by a pulse of BUdR followed by short wave light irradiation. In a second, positive-selection round, the SMLR-depleted populations were confronted with MBP presented by syngeneic spleen adherent cells. Reactive T cells were propagated until stable, permanent T lines were established. All lines were exclusively specific for the selecting antigen, MBP, and were restricted in recognition by determinants of the own MHC. All lines expressed the differentiation marker W3/25, but not OX8. Line vLe, which was derived from Lewis (LEW) rat lymphocytes, and which recognized the encephalitogenic sequence 48-88 of MBP, was extremely efficient in mediating EAE to normal untreated LEW rats. Doses of 1 X 10(6) and greater transferred lethal EAE, whereas transient although definite disease was caused by a minimum of 1 X 10(4) cells. Rats recovering from disease were resistant against subsequent active induction of EAE. In contrast, BN rat-derived line vBN was completely incapable of transferring EAE to syngeneic rats. This lack of encephalitogenicity was a property of the T line, because vLe cells transferred severe EAE to (LEW X BN)F1 hybrid rats, whereas none of hybrid rats injected with vBN cells showed any sign of disease. The data provide strong evidence in favor of the presence of potentially autoaggressive T clones in the normal immune system, and they might suggest that the actual proportion of these clones within the natural T cell repertoire is genetically determined.
Purification and partial characterization of a monoclonal "second order" suppressor factor specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10.
Authors: Turck C W , Kapp J A , Webb D R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A GAT-specific "second order" suppressor T cell factor (TsF2) from the hybridoma 762 B3.7 has been purified and biochemically characterized. The protein has a m.w. of approximately 66,000, an isoelectric point of 6.8 to 6.9, and elutes from a reversed phase HPLC column in two peaks, one in 55% acetonitrile, the other in 70% propanol. Amino acid analysis of both forms gave similar molar ratios, suggesting that the two forms are closely related and may differ mainly in the degree of posttranslational modification. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis under reducing conditions gave two chains of the apparent m.w. of 42,000 and 35,000.
Purification and analysis of isoforms of soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS).
Authors: Webb D R , Mason K , Semenuk G , Aune T M , Pierce C W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) isolated from the T cell hybrid 393D2.6 was originally reported to exist as at least two m.w. forms and to migrate on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns as three separate species. In experiments presented here, a further analysis of the different chromatographic forms of SIRS has been carried out. SIRS-alpha elutes from C-18 reverse-phase columns in 20% propanol. When SIRS-alpha is subjected to isoelectric focusing, three biologically active species are isolated at approximately pH7, approximately pH6, and approximately pH5 (SIRS-alpha 7, SIRS-alpha 6, and SIRS-alpha 5, respectively). SIRS-beta elutes in 30% propanol, and on isoelectric focusing the biologic activity is found only at approximately pH7 (SIRS-beta 7). Both the alpha and beta forms of SIRS have nearly identical m.w. when subjected to molecular sieve chromatography and migrate with a m.w. of 11,000. The molecular basis for these isoforms is not yet clear but is consistent with earlier studies showing two separate messenger RNA species coding for SIRS.
Delineation of functional sites in HLA-B27 antigens. Molecular analysis of HLA-B27 variant Wewak I defined by cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Vega M A , Wallace L , Rojo S , Bragado R , Aparicio P , López de Castro J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An HLA-B27 positive, Epstein Barr virus-transformed cell line Wewak I was not lysed by Epstein Barr virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes restricted by HLA-B27. This line is weakly reactive with a B27-specific monoclonal antibody, M2, which recognizes a majority, but not all, of the HLA-B27-positive cells. To establish the molecular basis for this lack of recognition, the structure of the variant HLA-B27 antigen was compared with the known structure of HLA-B27 from the LG-2 cell line, which is representative of a major subtype of this antigen. Both molecules were almost indistinguishable by isoelectric focusing. However, comparative peptide mapping and sequencing of the difference peptides revealed two amino acid changes: At position 77, Asp in donor LG-2 had changed to Ser in the variant, and at position 152, Val in LG-2 had changed to Glu in the variant. The nature of these substitutions was consistent with the extreme similarity of the isoelectric focusing pattern. An evaluation of these findings in the context of studies on other HLA variants and H-2Kb mutants suggests that both positions 77 and 152 contribute to the determinants recognized by B27-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. The change at position 152 adds to previous evidence suggesting that the segment 149-156 is critical for cellular recognition. In addition, it is proposed on the basis of structural comparisons that residue 77 may also participate in the epitope recognized by the B27M2 antibody.
Induction of suppressor cells from peripheral blood T cells by 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE).
Authors: Gualde N , Rigaud M , Goodwin J S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
15-hydroperoxyeicosetetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, inhibited polyclonal IgG and IgM production in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas 15-hydroxyeicosetetraenoic acid (15-HETE) had little effect in this system. T cells preincubated for 18 hr with 15-HPETE caused substantial inhibition of IgG and IgM production of fresh, autologous B and T cells stimulated by PWM. The suppressive effect of the 15-HPETE-treated cells was lost if the cells were irradiated before the PWM culture, but not by treatment with mitomycin C. The suppressive effect was also lost if OKT8+ T cells were removed after, but not before, preincubation of the T cells with 15-HPETE. OKT8- T cells incubated with 15-HPETE for 18 hr showed a large increase in the percentage of cells staining with directly fluoresceinated Leu-2, another marker for suppressor cells. Thus, 15-HPETE induces functional and phenotypic suppressor cells from resting human peripheral blood T cells.
Fibroblasts maintain the phenotype and viability of the rat heparin-containing mast cell in vitro.
Authors: Levi-Schaffer F , Austen K F , Caulfield J P , Hein A , Bloes W F , Stevens R L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat serosal heparin-containing mast cells (HP-MC) were maintained in vitro for as long as 30 days when co-cultured with mouse skin-derived 3T3 fibroblasts. In contrast, when the mast cells were cultured alone, on fibronectin-, gelatin-, or dermal-collagen-coated dishes, on acid and heat-killed fibroblasts in the presence or absence of 24 hr fibroblast-conditioned medium, or on a monolayer of mouse serosal macrophages, they failed to adhere to the dishes, released significant amounts of their histamine and lactate dehydrogenase, and stained with trypan blue, indicating a loss of viability. The rat serosal HP-MC cultured with the 3T3 fibroblasts became so adherent to the fibroblasts that the two cell types could be separated from one another only by trypsinization. The cultured HP-MC stained with both alcian blue and safranin and continued to synthesize proteoglycan at a rate comparable to that of freshly isolated cells. The 35S-labeled proteoglycan synthesized by these cultured cells, like that produced by freshly isolated rat serosal HP-MC, was a 750,000 to 1,000,000 m.w. proteoglycan containing only heparin glycosaminoglycans of 50,000 to 100,000 m.w. When HP-MC were cultured for 1 wk with the fibroblasts and were then incubated for 5 min with a 1/20 dilution of rabbit anti-rat IgE, they generated and released an average of 22 +/- 10 ng (mean +/- SD, n = 5) of prostaglandin D2 per 10(6) cells and exocytosed a higher net percentage of their total histamine content (44 +/- 11% [mean +/- SD, n = 8]) than did cells just isolated from the animal (6 +/- 4% [mean +/- SD, n = 4]). As assessed by electron microscopy, many of the cultured HP-MC resembled freshly isolated cells except that some secretory granules had fused with one another in some cells. Morphologically, after activation the cultured HP-MC underwent compound exocytosis like freshly isolated cells. These results demonstrate that the in vivo differentiated rat HP-MC maintain their histology, morphology, immunologic responsiveness, histamine content, and ability to synthesize heparin proteoglycan when co-cultured with living fibroblasts.
Implications of the invariant gamma-chain on the intracellular transport of class II histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: Claesson-Welsh L , Peterson P A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the role of the invariant gamma-chain on the intracellular transport of human class II histocompatibility antigens. mRNA was selected by hybridization to cDNA corresponding to class II alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains, and the obtained mRNA fractions were injected individually and in various combinations into X. laevis oocytes. Translation products were isolated after various periods of chase, and their carbohydrate moieties were analyzed to monitor the subcellular localization of polypeptide chains. A mixture of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains, or gamma-chains alone, were transported and glycosylated to the same extent as in a B lymphoblastoid cell line. However, although alpha- and beta-chains formed a complex in the absence of the gamma-chain, the transport of this complex was slowed down. Furthermore, the glycosylation of alpha- and beta-chains appeared incomplete. Thus, the invariant gamma-chain seems to play a crucial role for the rate of transport and glycosylation of class II alpha- and beta-chains.
A human-mouse chimeric immunoglobulin gene with a human variable region is expressed in mouse myeloma cells.
Authors: Tan L K , Oi V T , Morrison S L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have constructed and obtained expression of a chimeric human-mouse immunoglobulin gene after transfection into mouse myeloma cells. A human VDJH gene segment was joined to a mouse C kappa gene in the plasmid vector pSV2-gpt, and the construct was transfected into J558L cells by protoplast fusion. Analyses of six transformants by RIA and SDS-PAGE indicated that the chimeric protein was synthesized in large amounts in five. A kappa-specific transcript was observed by Northern blot analysis. Four out of five clones were stable producers of this chimeric chain over a period of 10 mo.
Antigen presentation by Hodgkin's disease cells.
Authors: Fisher R I , Cossman J , Diehl V , Volkman D J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The L428 tumor cell line is a long-term tissue culture of Reed-Sternberg cells which was derived from the pleural effusion of a patient with Hodgkin's disease. The L428 cells express all known cell surface antigens, cytochemical staining, and cytologic features of freshly explanted Reed-Sternberg cells. In addition to the previously described HLA-DR cell surface antigens, the L428 cells are now demonstrated to express both DS and SB alloantigens. Thus, the L428 cells express all of the known subclasses of the human immune response genes that are located in the major histocompatibility complex. Furthermore, the L428 cells are capable of presenting soluble antigen to T cells in a genetically restricted fashion. T cell lines were established from normal donors previously immunized with tetanus toxoid. The T cells utilized were incapable of tetanus toxoid-induced proliferation unless antigen-presenting cells were added to the cultures. However, T cells from the two normal donors, which like the L428 cells expressed HLA-DR 5, demonstrated significant proliferative responses when cultured with tetanus toxoid and L428 cells. No proliferative response was observed when the L428 cells were used as antigen-presenting cells for a DR (4,-), DR (2,-) or DR (1,7) T cell line. The tetanus toxoid dose-response curve was similar regardless of whether autologous mononuclear leukocytes or L428 cells were used as antigen-presenting cells. The T cell proliferation induced by soluble antigen was also blocked by anti-HLA-DR antibody. Thus, functionally, Hodgkin's disease may be classified as a tumor of antigen-presenting cells.
Characterization of the molecules on SJL/J lymphomas which stimulate syngeneic T cells.
Authors: Brown P H , Thorbecke G J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
I-A antigens isolated from SJL reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) cells show greater heterogeneity with respect to charge and size of the A alpha chains than do I-A antigens isolated from normal SJL spleen cells. The relevance of these structural changes in RCS I-A to the previously shown syngeneic T cell stimulatory properties of RCS was investigated. It was shown that RCS cells expressed acidic forms of the A alpha chain on their cell surface which were not present on SJL spleen cells, peritoneal cells, or dendritic cells. The only normal cells which showed A alpha chain heterogeneity approaching that of RCS cells were LPS-induced B cell blasts. Treatment with tunicamycin completely abolished the RCS A alpha chain heterogeneity, whereas exposure to neuraminidase removed the charge heterogeneity, but not the size heterogeneity. Parallel studies of the syngeneic T cell proliferative response to RCS showed that tunicamycin abolished, while neuraminidase enhanced, the ability of RCS cells to stimulate syngeneic T cells. It is suggested that polysaccharide chains on RCS I-A molecules are particularly important for the biologic properties of these lymphoma cells. The possibility that highly glycosylated I-A antigens on normal B cell blasts are also involved in the stimulation of syngeneic T cells is discussed.
Monoclonal antibodies for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model system: identification of two novel CEA-related antigens in meconium and colorectal carcinoma tissue by Western blots and differential immunoaffinity chromatography.
Authors: Neumaier M , Fenger U , Wagener C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a previous study, five monoclonal antibodies against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with different epitope specificities were delineated. One of these antibodies which exhibits a high affinity for CEA binds to different carcinoma tissues, to liver tissue, and to granulocytes. This antibody was selected for the immunoaffinity purification of CEA and related antigens from colorectal carcinoma tissue, from spleen tissues, from bile, and from meconium. After elution from the immunosorbent, the antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE, were transferred to nitrocellulose, and were incubated with the five different antibodies. Antibody T84.1 bound to the following antigens: 177 kD and 128 kD from colonic carcinoma, 81 kD from bile, 49 kD from spleen, as well as 165 kD and 100 kD from meconium. Two additional antibodies showed a similar binding pattern. The fourth antibody (CEA.11) bound to the 165 kD meconium antigen and to the two colorectal carcinoma antigens. The fifth antibody (T84.66) showed a strong reaction with the 177 kD colorectal carcinoma antigen and a faint reaction with a 183 kD antigen in meconium. As judged from m.w. and immunochemical properties, the 128 kD colorectal carcinoma antigen and the 100 kD meconium antigen are two novel CEA-related antigens. Because antibody CEA.11 did not bind to the 100 kD meconium antigen in Western blots, the 165 kD antigen could be eluted from a CEA.11 immunosorbent without contamination by the 100 kD antigen. Similarly, as predicted from the binding pattern in the Western blots, the two colorectal carcinoma antigens were separated from each other by a T84.66 immunosorbent.
In vivo priming of mouse CTL precursors directed to product of a newly defined minor H-42 locus is under a novel control of class II MHC gene.
Authors: Ishikawa H , Suzuki H , Hino T , Kubota E , Saito K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a previous study, we discovered a new mouse minor histocompatibility antigen encoded by a locus at 8.5 cM apart from the H-2 complex, and we have since named the locus H-42. One allele of H-42, which is named H-42a, had been elucidated, but the other alleles, which we tentatively named H-42b, have not been elucidated. In the present study, we explored MHC control on the anti-H-42a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responsiveness in H-42b mice. In vivo immunization (i.v. injection) of H-42b mice with 5 to 30 X 10(6) spleen cells (SC) bearing allogeneic H-42a antigen but carrying H-2 complex (mouse MHC) matched with the H-42b mice failed to prime anti-H-42a CTL but induced stable and specific anti-H-42a CTL unresponsiveness, i.e., tolerance, in the H-42b recipient mice. In contrast, H-2 heterozygous H-42b F1 mice injected with SC bearing H-42a alloantigen on either of the parental H-2 haplotypes were effectively primed to generate anti-H-42a CTL. Exploration of the region or subregion in the H-2 complex of H-42a donor SC that should be compatible with H-42b recipient mice for the induction of their anti-H-42a CTL tolerance demonstrated that the compatibility at I region, most probably I-A subregion, but not at K, S, or D region, determined the induction of the tolerance. MHC class II compatible H-42a skin graft (SG) to H-42b mice, however, consistently primed the anti-H-42a CTL in the H-42b recipients. These results were discussed in several aspects, including uniqueness of MHC class II control on the CTL response to minor H-42a antigen, possibility of inactivation of responding anti-H-42a precursor CTL or helper T cells in H-42b mice by encountering the veto cells present in MHC class II-matched H-42a SC population, and significance of the present observations as a mechanism of CTL tolerance to self-components.
A murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone from the intestinal mucosa that is antigen specific for proliferation and displays broadly reactive inducible cytotoxic activity.
Authors: Klein J R , Lefrancois L , Kagnoff M F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thy-1+, Lyt-1-,2+, asialo GM1+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones have been isolated from the intestinal mucosa of mice primed with alloantigens. Two different types of cytotoxic clones have been obtained. The first type is functionally similar to most splenic and lymph node-derived CTL clones in that they are strictly antigen specific with respect to proliferation and cytolytic activity. The second type of CTL clone has several unique characteristics. Although these clones are also antigen specific with regard to proliferation, they are not cytolytic under standard growth conditions in medium containing 4% rat concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernatant. After culture for 4 days in the presence of high concentrations of interleukin 2, cells become activated and exhibit broad lytic potential. Moreover, during the activation process, these CTL begin to express a murine T cell surface antigen, CT-1, which is associated with activated cytotoxic cells. The findings reported in this report should now allow us to precisely define, both phenotypically and functionally, specific lymphocyte populations that make up the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. These data also describe a new type of effector CTL that differs from other cytotoxic cells reported to date, because it is antigen dependent for proliferation, but requires signals mediated by lymphokines for lytic activation.
Immune complex effects on murine macrophages. I. Immune complexes suppress interferon-gamma induction of Ia expression.
Authors: Virgin H W , Wittenberg G F , Unanue E R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the effects of immune complexes on the expression of macrophage surface proteins in vitro. Increased expression of the H-2 molecules I-A, I-E, and K on the macrophage membrane was induced by in vitro culture with crude lymphokine or interferon-gamma. Expression of all three of the molecules was additionally increased by stimulating the cultures with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes. Addition of soluble immune complexes to the cultures did not have any effect on macrophage expression of these proteins. However, significant inhibition of lymphokine or interferon-gamma induction of I-A, I-E, and H-2K was observed when macrophages were cultured on plates to which immune complexes had been bound. This inhibition was dose dependent, required an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule with an intact Fc portion, did not require the presence of T cells, and occurred in the presence of indomethacin. Complexes containing IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgE, but not IgM or IgA, antibodies mediated the inhibitory effect.
The CD20 (Bp35) antigen is involved in activation of B cells from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Authors: Golay J T , Clark E A , Beverley P C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies, 1F5 and B1, directed against the CD20 (Bp35) antigen were found to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on B cells. 1F5, but not B1, induces small resting tonsillar B cells and prolymphocytic leukemia cells to enlarge, to rapidly increase their RNA synthesis, and to become responsive to growth factors present in mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatants. In addition, 1F5 induces a moderate increase in thymidine uptake, which is accompanied by enhanced viability of the cells, but not by any increase in total cell number or by any detectable entry into S phase or mitosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that 1F5 can initiate transition from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The fact that all the changes observed can be inhibited by low concentrations (I50 = 50 ng/ml) of cyclosporin A is further evidence that 1F5 is involved at an early stage of B cell activation. Because both 1F5 and B1 belong to the IgG2a subclass, differences in their activities are likely to reflect their different epitope specificities. Although only 1F5 had stimulatory activity, both 1F5 and B1 strongly inhibited B cell differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion. Possible explanations for the dual activities of 1F5 and implications for the role of the CD20 antigen in B cell differentiation are discussed.