bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cognitive and evolutionary science of behavioural modernity goes beyond material chronology
Authors: Sergiou Andoni S. E. , Gabora Liane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stibbard-Hawkes' taphonomic findings are valuable, and his call for caution warranted, but the hazards he raises are being mitigated by a multi-pronged approach; current research on behavioural/cognitive modernity is not based solely on material chronology. Theories synthesize data from archaeology, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and genetics, and predictions arising from these theories are tested with mathematical and agent-based models.
Shared intentionality may have been favored by persistence hunting in Homo erectus
Authors: Vasil Jared 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shared intentionality is the derived hominin motivation and skills to align mental states. Research on the role of interdependence in the phylogeny of shared intentionality has only considered the archeological record of Homo heidelbergensis. But ethnographic and fossil data must be considered, too. Doing so suggests that shared intentionality may have been favored in Homo erectus to support persistence hunting.
Revising the null model in language evolution research
Authors: Kuleshova Svetlana , Pleyer Michael , Blomberg Johan , Sibierska Marta , Wacewicz Sławomir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We comment on the consequences of the target article for language evolution research. We propose that the default assumption should be that of language-readiness in extinct hominins, and the integration of different types of available evidence from multiple disciplines should be used to assess the likely extent of the realization of this readiness. The role of archaeological evidence should be reconsidered.
Hominin cognition: The null hypothesis
Authors: Stibbard-Hawkes Duncan N. E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The target article explores material culture datasets from three African forager groups. After demonstrating that these modern, contemporary human populations would leave scant evidence of symbolic behaviour or material complexity, it cautioned against using material culture as a barometer for human cognition in the deep past. Twenty-one commentaries broadly support or expand these conclusions. A minority offer targeted demurrals, highlighting (1) the soundness of reasoning from absence; and questioning (2) the “cognitively modern” null; (3) the role of hunter-gatherer ethnography; and (4) the pertinence of the inferential issues identified in the target article. In synthesising these discussions, this reply addresses all four points of demurral in turn, and concludes that there is much to be gained from shifting our null assumptions and reconsidering the probabilistic inferential links between past material culture and cognition.
Phonological reanalysis is guided by markedness: the case of Malagasy weak stems
Authors: Kuo Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A key goal in phonology is to understand the factors that affect phonological learning. This article addresses the issue by examining how paradigms are reanalysed over time. Malagasy has a class of stems called weak stems, whose final consonants alternate under suffixation. Comparison of historical and modern Malagasy shows that weak stem paradigms have undergone extensive reanalysis in a way that cannot be predicted by the probabilistic distribution of alternants. This poses a problem for existing quantitative models of reanalysis, where reanalysis is always towards the most probable alternant. I argue instead that reanalysis in Malagasy is driven by both distributional factors and a markedness bias. To capture the Malagasy pattern, I propose a maximum entropy learning model, with a markedness bias implemented via the model’s prior probability distribution. This biased model successfully predicts the direction of reanalysis in Malagasy, outperforming purely distributional models.
The trend and factors of public trust in the military in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tse-hsin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolitical trust, which signifies the belief in the responsible exercise of power by political institutions, is a fundamental prerequisite for democratic legitimacy. However, even amidst a democratic deficit, the public's trust in the military can remain firm. This study aims to illuminate the prevailing trend and potential factors influencing public trust in the military in Taiwan from 2001 to 2022. The trajectory of trust in Taiwan's military implies fluctuating trust levels in response to the varying intensity of external threats. However, in general, confidence in the armed forces remains higher than that in other political institutions, a trend that is also observed in other nations. The statistical evidence demonstrates substantial support for both cultural and institutional explanations of political trust in the military in Taiwan throughout the initial two decades of the twenty-first century. However, the institutional explanation appears to be more robust than the cultural explanation. Notably, statistical results on trust in the government are consistent across all six survey rounds, with institutional factors showing higher overall significance in the pooled dataset compared to cultural factors, thereby emphasizing the institutional perspective.
Wernicke encephalopathy with active hallucinations during lung cancer treatment and hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Hirata Marino , Ishida Mayumi , Onishi Hideki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. The classical triad of symptoms for WE include mental status changes, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. In contrast, more uncommon symptoms include hallucinations. Known risk factors include alcoholism, malignancies, and chronic kidney disease, particularly hemodialysis. However, WE in nonalcoholic adults is often overlooked.

Methods
We report a WE patient with lung cancer undergoing hemodialysis who presented with the uncommon symptom of active hallucinations, which were improved by thiamine replacement therapy, despite a borderline whole blood thiamine concentration.

Results
An 81-year-old woman with lung cancer and undergoing hemodialysis was referred to our psycho-oncology department for active hallucinations that appeared suddenly 24 days earlier. She had been diagnosed with lung cancer 6 months earlier and was undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. She had no alcohol dependence or anorexia before or after admission. Physical examination revealed active visual hallucinations and delirium. On suspicion of WE, intravenous thiamine was administered. One day after administration, the hallucinations and delirium improved. Her whole blood thiamine concentration was borderline (24 ng/ml).

Significance of results
WE might be a cause of active visual hallucinations as they disappeared on thiamine administration alone. We need to be aware of risk factors such as malignancies and hemodialysis, and it is important not to overlook WE.
PKCα regulates the secretion of PDL1-carrying small extracellular vesicles in a p53-dependent manner
Authors: Zhang Ren , Liao Weilin , Chen Xi , Wang Junyi , Li Jiaqi , Chen Geer , Wu Weiyu , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yao , Chen Ziyu , Zhu Xiaoyu , Lin Zicong , Zhu Yizhun , Ma Lijuan , Yu Haijie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), carrying PD-L1, have been implicated in immune evasion and tumor progression. However, understanding how PD-L1 sEVs are secreted still needs to be improved. We found that the secretion dynamics of PD-L1 sEVs is similar to that of other sEVs. Intracellular calcium and the associated downstream PKC signaling plays pivotal roles in releasing PD-L1 sEVs in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Particularly, we observed that knocking down PKCα has profound impacts on PD-L1 sEVs secretion, especially in the resting state and in the activated state, when induced by an intracellular calcium rise. Furthermore, our study revealed that PKCα regulates PD-L1 expression and PD-L1 sEVs secretion by influencing STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in a p53-dependent manner. Notably, p53 can regulate STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear localization, but it does not affect PKCα expression. This suggests that PKCα plays a significant role in regulating PD-L1 expression. Our findings suggest that targeting PKCα to modulate PD-L1 dynamics in NSCLC may be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions.
Proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in community acquired pneumonia for differentiating viral and bacterial infections
Authors: Rischke Samuel , Gurke Robert , Zielbauer Ann-Sophie , Ziegler Nicole , Hahnefeld Lisa , Köhm Michaela , Kannt Aimo , Vehreschild Maria JGT , Geisslinger Gerd , Rohde Gernot , Bellinghausen Carla , Behrens Frank , Study group CAPNETZ 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has a significant impact on public health, especially in light of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To enhance disease characterization and improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms, a comprehensive analysis of the plasma lipidome, metabolome and proteome was conducted in patients with viral and bacterial CAP infections, including those induced by SARS-CoV-2. Lipidomic, metabolomic and proteomic profiling were conducted on plasma samples of 69 patients suffering either from viral or bacterial CAP. Lipid and metabolite analyses were LC-MS-based, while proteomic analyses were performed using multiple panels of the Olink platform. Statistical methods, machine learning and pathway analyses were conducted investigating differences between the infection types. Through comparison of the bacterial and viral pathogen groups, distinct signatures were observed in the plasma profiles. Notably, linoleic acid-derived inflammation signaling metabolites (EpOME and DiHOME) were increased in viral CAP compared to bacterial CAP. Similarly, proteins involved in cellular immune response and apoptosis (LAG-3 and TRAIL) showed elevated levels in viral CAP, while bacterial CAP exhibited notable elevation in pattern-recognizing receptors (CLEC4D and EN-RAGE). Additionally, within the lipidomic profile at baseline, several lipids displayed notable differences between viral and bacterial pneumonia, including bile acids (GCA, TCA, TCDCA), various tri- and diglycerides (TGs and DGs), and several phosphatidylcholines (PCs). These findings hold promise for facilitating the differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial pulmonary infections based on the systemic lipidome, metabolome and proteome, enabling timely treatment decisions. Additionally, they highlight potential targets for drug research, advancing therapeutic interventions in CAP. By providing valuable insights into the molecular characterization of CAP, this study contributes to the improvement of understanding the disease and, ultimately, the development of effective treatment strategies.
Evaluating historical changes in a mussel bed community in northern California
Authors: Longman Emily K. , Merolla Sarah , Talke Stefan A. , Trautman Nicholas , Largier John L. , Harris Leslie , Sanford Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Marine foundation species are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic stressors, driving a loss of diversity within these critical habitats. Prior studies suggest that species diversity within mussel beds has declined precipitously in southern California, USA, but it is unclear whether a similar loss has occurred farther north. Here, we resurvey a mussel bed community in northern California first sampled in 1941 to evaluate changes in diversity after 78 years. More broadly, we explore the value and potential challenges of using imperfect historical data to assess community changes. Our 2019 survey documented 90 species/taxa across 10 phyla. The majority of species (~ 72%) were common to all replicate plots, suggesting that variation in species diversity over small spatial scales was unlikely to mask temporal changes. In contrast to results from southern California, we observed no decline in species diversity between timepoints. However, there were shifts in species composition, with an increase in the abundance of southern species and a decrease in northern species, consistent with warming observed at a nearby shoreline site. Overall, our findings are an encouraging sign for the health of this mussel bed community in northern California and illustrate how non-traditional data can contribute to assessments of long-term ecological change.
Waste Not! How Nanotechnologies Can Increase Efficiencies Throughout Society
Authors: Berger Michael 
Published: January 2025

There is a pressing global issue of waste and its multi-fold impact on society, the environment, and the economy.
This comprehensive guide details the extensive applications of nanotechnologies as a promising solution, presenting a structured examination of how these technological advancements contribute to substantial waste reduction and more efficient waste management processes. Furthermore, the book explores emerging trends, offering readers a well-rounded view and preparing them for future advancements in nanotechnology and sustainable waste management, thereby ensuring continued relevance and utility in the evolving technological landscape.
Written by an authority figure in the applications of nanotechnologies, this book is suitable for a global audience, and is a valuable resource for individuals, policymakers, and stakeholders across various countries
Study on the cause of pore defects processed by focused ion beam milling on high roughness surface
Authors: Du Yuqingyun , Dong Xianshan , Xiao Junfeng , Wu Yu , Wang Xuefang , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Focused ion beam milling (FIBM) is an effective technique widely used for processing microstructures. To ensure the accuracy of microstructures, it is necessary to explore the cause and improvement methods of defects that may occur during FIBM. This article reports a pore defect when processing a concave spherical structure with a depth of 1 μm and a diameter of 10 μm by FIBM bitmap patterning on a hydrocarbon amorphous polymer (a-C:H), whose roughness factor Ra
is up to approximately 0.34 μm. In previous studies on defects of FIBM, there was still a lack of relevant research on cause and improvement methods of pore defects. In this article, experiments of different relative parameters of FIBM are conducted to explore the conditions of occurrence and two-dimensional simulation programs for FIBM are designed to explore the relationship between the defects and morphology of the sample. By combining the analysis of parameters with the simulation results, a conclusion on the cause of pore defects is made in this article. When processing a certain depth close to the roughness factor of surface, ion beam with small diameters and grayscale pixels that influence the movement distance will alter the depth and the size of lower regions of surface while maintaining the original fluctuation features, which ultimately forms a pore structure. Based on the conclusion, effective methods of changing the processing depth or increasing the ion beam diameter and movement distance have been proposed to improve the defects, which is demonstrated through experiments and simulation programs, and further verifies the correctness of the conclusion. The conclusion in this article on cause and improvement methods which decrease the depths and diameters of pore defects or even eliminate them will provide guidance for precise microstructure processing of surfaces with poor roughness conditions by FIBM.
The radial point interpolation method (RPIM) for analyzing a V-shaped electrothermal actuator
Authors: Hao Chen , Kong Xiaoyu , Dong Sun Xiang , Xu Chen Meng , Haiyang Yuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrothermally actuated micro-beams are expected to be massively adopted in the micromanipulation and microassembly, due to their easy access to a larger motion. As a case study in this work, an amended electrothermal analytical submodel governing the temperature distribution of the V-shaped actuator is first established. Based on the thermal expansion and elastic equilibrium, a thermo-elastic coupling equation that determines the displacement is then deduced. The Galerkin weak form of these two coupling equations is obtained by the variational principle. So the RPIM, independent of the traditional Lagrange mesh, can be successfully introduced to obtain their solution. The convergence of the solutions both in the electrothermal and the thermo-elastic submodel is validated. The ideal radial basis functions in the RPIM are found to be applied into the different submodels, respectively. To further investigate the accuracy of the solutions, temperature experiment and FEM analysis are conducted. The temperature from this work shows great agreement with that from the experiment. Similar observation is obtained in the comparison between the displacements separately from the RPIM and FEM.
Efficient defect passivation and charge extraction with 2-cyano-5-fluorobenzyl bromide interface modification for hole-transporting layers-free CsPbIXBr3−X perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Qing , Zhang Cui , Zhou Jinghua , Liu Bei , Jia Zelin , Zhang Yu , Wang Donghui , Xue Tao , Guo Kunping , Huang Jin , Zhang Fanghui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fully inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become an emerging research hotspot in photovoltaics due to their high efficiency and excellent thermal stability. Unfortunately, HTL-free CsPbIXBr3−X devices suffer from surface traps on the perovskite films, which severely limits the power conversion efficiency and operational stability of the devices. In this work, we propose a multifunctional passivator, 2-cyano-5-fluorobenzene bromide molecule (2-C-5-FB), to passivate perovskite films by post-treatment, aiming to improve the quality of perovskite films, reduce interfacial defects and non-radiative complexes, enhance carrier separation kinetics, and improve the extraction of carriers, thus improving device performance. The C≡N in the molecular structure immobilizes the undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, thus passivating the defects in the perovskite films. In addition, the Br atoms on the ring can with the [PbI6]4− backbone through halogen bonding, and the F atoms form Pb-F and Cs-F, which can effectively reduce the film defects. We prepared passivated devices with the structure of FTO/TiO2/CsPbIXBr3−X/2-C-5-FB/Carbon, and the PCE of the passivated devices was improved compared with the pristine devices, and the cell efficiency was increased from 7.84% to 9.21% with a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2, and the stability of the devices was also improved. The experimental results indicate that the use of 2-cyano-5-fluorobenzene bromide passivation strategy has a positive effect on the performance enhancement of the perovskite devices, and is an effective way to realize efficient and stable PSCs.
Dark matter influence on quarkyonic stars: a relativistic mean field analysis
Authors: Dey D. , Pattnaik Jeet Amrit , Das H.C. , Kumar Ankit , Panda R.N. , Patra S.K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The formulation of quarkyonic matter consists of treating both quarks and nucleons as quasi-particles, where a cross-over transition occurs between the two phases. This work is based on some of the early ideas of quark matter (QM). It has satisfied the different observational constraints on the neutron star (NS), such as its maximum mass and the canonical radius. In addition, we put an extra component inside the NS, known as Dark Matter (DM) because it is trapped due to its immense gravitational potential. In this work, we explore the impact of fermionic DM on the structure of the NS. The equation of state (EOS) is derived for the NS with the quarkyonic matter by assuming that nucleons and quarks are in equilibrium, followed by the relativistic mean-field (RMF) formalism. The recently modeled two parameterizations, such as G3 and IOPB-I, are taken to calculate the various macroscopic properties of the NS. The three unknown parameters such as the transition density (nt
), the QCD confinement scale (Λcs), and the DM Fermi momentum (k
f

DM) are varied to obtain the NS properties. The quarkyonic matter stiffens the EOS while DM softens it. The mutual combination provides good theoretical descriptions for the magnitude of macroscopic properties consistent with the different observational results. Also, one can estimate the parameters of the DM admixed quarkyonic star with different statistical analyses, which can be further used to explore the other properties of the quarkyonic star.
Early formation of supermassive black holes from the collapse of strongly self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Grant Roberts M. , Braff Lila , Garg Aarna , Profumo Stefano , Jeltema Tesla , O'Donnell Jackson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Evidence for high-redshift supermassive black holes challenges standard scenarios for how such objects form in the early universe. Here, we entertain the possibility that a fraction of the cosmological dark matter could be ultra-strongly self interacting. This would imply that gravothermal collapse occur at early times in the cores of dark matter halos, followed by accretion. We study under which conditions on the abundance and interaction strength and structure of such ultra self-interacting dark matter the black holes resulting from the end-point of gravothermal core collapse can seed the observed, early-forming supermassive black holes. We find, depending on the velocity dependence of the self-interaction cross section, a bimodal structure in the favored parameter space, where data points to either a small collapsing dark matter fraction with a large cross section, or a large fraction and a relatively small cross section. While self-interaction cross sections with different velocity dependence can explain observations, we find that the best, self-consistent results correspond to a Rutherford-like self-interaction, typical of long-range dark-sector forces with light mediators. We discuss complementary observational probes if this scenario is realized in nature, focusing especially on the expected intermediate mass black holes predicted to exist in smaller galaxies.
Development of a TAC-based TDC in 130 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Firlej Mirosław , Fiutowski Tomasz , Idzik Marek , Molenda Aleksandra , Moroń Jakub , Świentek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design and measurement results of a prototype Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) fabricated in 130 nm CMOS
technology are presented. The TDC architecture with analog interpolators was chosen, which
was motivated by previous experience in Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) design [1]. The measured time
difference between the event and the trigger signal is converted to the amplitude and then
digitised by a 10-bit ADC. The TDC prototype is functional and achieved good Differential Non-Linearity (DNL)
and jitter (below 1 LSB), slightly dependent of the selected time precision. The obtained
Integral Non-Linearity (INL) is significantly higher than simulated and should be still improved. The prototype
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) has configurable time resolution from 15 ps to 140 ps, which gives the total possible
time measure range from ±9.5 ns to ±70 ns. In this paper the architecture of the developed
TDC is described, comprising the implementation of the Time-to-Analog Converter (TAC) and 10-bit ADC. The
measurements of the prototype 8 channel TDC ASIC, showing its linearity and timing
resolution are also shown.