bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for better integrating nutrient supplementation and dietary diversity approaches for stunting reduction and improved nutrition outcomes: A Rwandan case study
Authors: Warner James , Marivoet Wim , Covic Namukolo , Umugwaneza Maryse 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMotivationIncreased attention to the health and nutritional status of people in low‐income countries has led to the development and budgeting for food and nutrition policies. While current policy discussions generally acknowledge the need for better integrating nutrition‐sensitive approaches into current nutrition‐specific health interventions, most do not weigh the costs and merits or potential synergies.PurposeThe overall objective of this article is to gain insight into the types of interventions that policy‐makers can select and combine to sustainably improve nutrition outcomes in Rwanda.Methods and approachMaking use of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) combined with linear programming (LP) techniques applied to food consumption data, this article applies a cost–benefit analysis to Rwanda on two distinct intervention bundles targeted at children and pregnant women. The first entails a set of six nutrient supplementation interventions; the second involves dietary diversification.FindingsWhereas both intervention types yield comparable results with respect to short‐term cost effectiveness, the diet diversity approach clearly outperforms nutrient supplementation interventions when aspects of behavioural change, fiscal dependency, and broader economic spillovers are considered in the longer term. Given that undernutrition calls for immediate action while food systems cannot be transformed overnight, abruptly implementing the diet diversity approach is neither effective nor politically feasible.Policy implicationsBased on the article's findings, future policies in Rwanda should consider adopting a more comprehensive strategy that integrates a set of near‐term implementable health/nutrition interventions, for immediate impacts on stunting cases, with medium‐term investments to help establish a food system capable of increasing dietary diversity and sustainably improving nutritional outcomes of the population.
Lessons from the Field. Continuous Quality Improvement: A multiyear HMRF case study of best practices in outreach program excellence
Authors: Nesbit Tyler S. , Harris Victor W. , Visconti Brian , Sewell Charles Bradford , Fogarty Kate , Duncan Jeneé C. , LaMontagne Liva , Nelson Nelly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe describe the process and outcomes of developing continuous quality improvement (CQI) procedures for a multiyear, multimillion‐dollar healthy marriage and responsible fatherhood (HMRF) relationship enhancement education program. We present lessons learned, including adaptations used to move all programming online due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundContinuous quality improvement (CQI) is a set of best practices that are often neglected in outreach programming due to challenges associated with funding, available expertise, and fear of underwhelming results. However, this practice provides valuable insight and benefits to programs and participants and can be implemented without interrupting program delivery.MethodWe developed a “living” CQI plan over the course of 5 years using three sources of data to track, evaluate, and inform CQI high‐performance decision‐making: program data, fidelity data, and outcome data.ResultsA sample of the preliminary descriptive quantitative results is presented including program registrations and show rates, facilitator effectiveness scores, intervention outcomes, and participant responses to online delivery to illustrate how the three types of data collected are used in the SMART Couples Project to support CQI efforts.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study demonstrates the benefits of using CQI as a powerful tool for program improvement, with staff and participants alike. It is the nature of the CQI process to be amenable to changes, including unforeseen disruptions in program delivery. Implementing an intentional formative and summative CQI strategy provides benefits to social outreach and family life education programs across delivery formats and contexts.
Crack‐tip blunting and its implications on fracture of soft materials
Authors: Spagnoli Andrea , Brighenti Roberto , Montanari Matteo , Terzano Michele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFracture of compliant materials is preceded by large deformations that reshape initially sharp cracks into rounded defects. This phenomenon, known as elastic crack blunting, is peculiar of rubber‐like polymers and soft biological tissues, such as skin, vessel walls, and tendons. With this work, we aim to provide a discussion on crack‐tip blunting and its implications in terms of tearing resistance and flaw tolerance of soft elastic materials. The characteristic features of the crack‐tip zone in the framework of nonlinear elasticity are reviewed analytically and with the help of finite element analyses on pure shear cracked geometries. Specifically, the strain‐hardening behavior typical of soft biological tissues is addressed, and we illustrate its effect on crack‐tip blunting, in terms of a local radius of curvature at the crack tip. A simplified geometrically nonlinear model, proposed to describe the progressive blunting at the crack tip and its effect on flaw tolerance, is validated through finite element analyses and experimental tests on silicone samples. We show how this can lead to a simplified criterion to define the fracture condition in nonlinear soft materials.
Intelligent prediction of fatigue life of natural rubber considering strain ratio effect
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Jingtao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn intelligent prediction model of rubber fatigue life considering strain ratios based on the support vector regression (SVR) and an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. In order to solve the problem that traditional methods may lead to unsatisfactory prediction results, we establish a prediction model based on SVR. To further improve the prediction accuracy, we utilize the ISSA algorithm to optimize various hyper‐parameters in the model. Fatigue tests of filled natural rubber on dumbbell‐type specimens are performed and applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the ISSA optimized SVR (ISSA‐SVR) model is superior in terms of prediction accuracy, convergence speed, and stability compared with SVR models using the grid search or some standard optimization algorithms. Furthermore, comparisons of some published related models demonstrate that the ISSA‐SVR has the most accurate predictive results, which gather within 1.5 times the dispersion lines.
Comparing ministerial advisers across politicization settings: Still hiding in the shadows?
Authors: Staroňová Katarína , Rybář Marek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article examines the proposition that the characteristics of ministerial advisers are shaped by specific settings of the politicization of ministerial administration. Four types of politicization settings are identified, resulting from variation in the scope of formal political appointments and appointments into bureaucracy. Using data from an original expert survey and semi‐structured expert interviews, the contribution analyses eleven cases from Central and Eastern Europe. It documents that the functional differentiation of advisers from other administrative actors, and their political and policymaking roles, are conditioned by the politicization settings in which they operate. The political roles of advisers are most pronounced where they do not face other formal political appointees, and appointments into bureaucracy are low. Policymaking roles are strongest where formal political appointees manage high politics, and bureaucratic appointments are limited. The article also identifies “invisible” advisers as a new type of player unknown in established Western bureaucracies.
RETRACTED: Effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety intensity in patients with burns: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miri Sahar , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Firooz Mahbobeh , Takasi Poorya , Mollaei Amirabbas , Ramezani Shahin , Tolouei Mohammad , Emami Zeydi Amir , Osuji Joseph , Farzan Ramyar , Karkhah Samad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety intensity in patients with burns. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in various international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Massage therapy’, ‘Musculoskeletal manipulations’, ‘Acute pains’, ‘Burning pain’, and ‘Burn’ from the earliest to October 17, 2022. Cochran's tool is used to check the risk of bias for randomised clinical trial (RCT) articles. The methodological index for non‐randomised studies was used to assess the risk of bias in quasi‐experimental studies. STATA version 14 software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance. Heterogeneity was investigated with I2. A P‐value less than .1 was considered statistically significant for publication bias value. A total of 733 patients with burns were included in seven studies. Five studies had an RCT design and two studies had a quasi‐experimental design. The duration of the study was reported in five studies, with a mean of 42.40 weeks. The duration of the intervention was reported in seven studies with a mean of 22.86 minutes. The results of the meta‐analysis showed using various types of massage therapy interventions significantly reduced pain intensity in the intervention group compared with the control group (weighted mean difference: −2.08, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.62, Z = 8.77, I2: 67.1%, P < .001). Massage therapy intervention significantly reduced the intensity of anxiety in burn patients (standard mean difference: −7.07, 95% CI: −10.13 to −4.01, Z = 4.53, I2: 98.2, P < .001). Overall, the present systematic review and meta‐analysis showed that massage therapy can reduce the intensity of pain and anxiety in burn patients. Therefore, it is recommended that health managers and policymakers pay special attention to massage therapy as a simple, low‐cost, and efficient non‐pharmacological treatment to relieve pain and anxiety in burn patients.
Collision simulation of potato tubers for mechanized harvesting
Authors: Ping Zhao , Ruijin Guo , Tianci Jin , Guozhi Zhang , Ning Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe economic losses caused by collision damages during mechanical potato harvesting are significant. In this study, the simulation analysis method was used to investigate the factors affecting these mechanical damages. Taking the typical early maturing potato variety Zaodabai as an example, our test results indicated that its elastic modulus is 3.148 MPa, Poisson's ratio is 0.45, and biological yield stress is 1.183 MPa. An accurate three‐dimensional potato model was created using reverse engineering technology. On this basis, the effects of drop height, collision mode, and collision material on the mechanical potato damage were investigated using finite element analysis. The results indicated that the potato damage characteristics become more evident as the drop height increased. Analyzing the collision mode of mechanized potato harvesting revealed that the potato damage degree is the lowest in the double‐rod long axis collision mode. The collision damage degree between a potato and four common collision materials was determined from highest to lowest as follows: 65 Mn rod, 65 Mn rubber‐coated rod, potato, and soil. This research provides a data basis and reference for the design and development of potato harvester equipment, particularly for low‐damage potato harvesters.Practical applicationsAs the fourth largest food crop in the world, potatoes have high economic value and are of great importance for food security. Collision damage in mechanized harvesting seriously reduces the quality and value of potatoes and causes large economic losses. Therefore, we aim to clarify the key factors affecting collision damage in mechanized harvesting. The influence of motion mode, collision height, collision method, and collision material on potato damage characteristics was investigated through simulation experiments. This study provides a data basis and reference methods for developing key components of high‐performance and low‐damage potato harvesters and serves as a reference for researching damage characteristics of other tuber, root, and bulb crops.
Are cognitive researchers ignoring their senses? The problem of sensory deficit in cognitive aging research
Authors: Abraham Alison G. , Hong Chris , Deal Jennifer A. , Bettcher Brianne M. , Pelak Victoria S. , Gross Alden , Jiang Kening , Swenor Bonnielin , Wittich Walter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSensory impairments are common in older adult populations and have notable impacts on aging outcomes. Relationships between sensory and cognitive functions have been clearly established, though the mechanisms underlying those relationships are not fully understood. Given the growing burden of dementia, older adults with sensory deficits are an important and growing population to study in cognitive aging research. Yet, cognitive research sometimes excludes those with uncorrected significant/severe sensory deficits and often poorly or inconsistently assesses those deficits. Observational and interventional studies that exclude participants with sensory deficits will be limited in their generalizability to the narrower subset of the older adult population without vision or hearing impairment and may be missing an opportunity to study a growing population of older adults at higher risk of cognitive impairment. Strategies exist for adapting cognitive testing instruments, and inroads could be made into collecting normative data to inform ongoing research. Bringing together psychometricians with researchers who specialize in vision and hearing impairments could launch highly innovative research on both measurement methods and cognitive disease etiology, as sensory organs provide readily accessible neuronal and vascular beds that may show pathology earlier and elucidate innovative screening opportunities for early signs of cognitive disease.
High‐quality Fagopyrum esculentum genome provides insights into the flavonoid accumulation among different tissues and self‐incompatibility
Authors: He Qiang , Ma Dan , Li Wei , Xing Longsheng , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Yu , Du Cailian , Li Xuanzhao , Jia Zheng , Li Xiuxiu , Liu Jianan , Liu Ze , Miao Yuqing , Feng Rui , Lv Yang , Wang Meijia , Lu Hongwei , Li Xiaochen , Xiao Yao , Wang Ruyu , Liang Hanfei , Zhou Qinghong , Zhang Lijun , Liang Chengzhi , Du Huilong 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCommon buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), the two most widely cultivated buckwheat species, differ greatly in flavonoid content and reproductive mode. Here, we report the first high‐quality and chromosome‐level genome assembly of common buckwheat with 1.2 Gb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that common buckwheat underwent a burst of long terminal repeat retrotransposons insertion accompanied by numerous large chromosome rearrangements after divergence from Tartary buckwheat. Moreover, multiple gene families involved in stress tolerance and flavonoid biosynthesis such as multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) and chalcone synthase (CHS) underwent significant expansion in buckwheat, especially in common buckwheat. Integrated multi‐omics analysis identified high expression of catechin biosynthesis‐related genes in flower and seed in common buckwheat and high expression of rutin biosynthesis‐related genes in seed in Tartary buckwheat as being important for the differences in flavonoid type and content between these buckwheat species. We also identified a candidate key rutin‐degrading enzyme gene (Ft8.2377) that was highly expressed in Tartary buckwheat seed. In addition, we identified a haplotype‐resolved candidate locus containing many genes reportedly associated with the development of flower and pollen, which was potentially related to self‐incompatibility in common buckwheat. Our study provides important resources facilitating future functional genomics‐related research of flavonoid biosynthesis and self‐incompatibility in buckwheat.
Shadow Funding and Economic Growth: Evidence from China
Authors: FENG XU , AN XIAOWEN , AN YAHUI , XIAO YAJUN 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing popular liability‐side wealth management products in China, we construct an informative measure of shadow funding and shadow credit by extension. This measure reflects the risk appetites of financial intermediaries and their ability to expand their balance sheets through bank–shadow‐bank cooperation. Our measure possesses unique predictive power for future economic activity. An increase in the measure corresponds to increases in investment and consumption, which, in turn, reduce financing costs due to improvements in economic development.
Kinetics and pulses of zircon growth in migmatites beneath a volcanic arc: An example from the high‐T Ryoke Complex, southwest Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuhiro , Ikeda Takeshi , Iwano Hideki , Hirata Takafumi , Danhara Tohru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present an analysis of kinetics and pulses of zircon growth in migmatites formed at middle to lower crustal depths beneath a volcanic arc. Migmatites in high‐T metamorphic complexes at active continental margins, such as in the Ryoke Complex of southwest Japan, are thought to have been produced beneath volcanic arcs. Thermal models suggest that melt advection supplies the heat to form such high‐T complexes. We found that zircons in the migmatites of the Ryoke Complex grew in multiple discrete stages by rapid diffusion‐controlled growth. The individual growth pulses can be distinguished using a Gaussian mixture model when the duration of each growth pulse is shorter than 1σ of the analytical error of the zircon age dating, and where the interval between each growth pulse is larger than 2σ of them. This method allows extraction of the growth pulses even when the zircon exhibits incomplete textural evidence for multiple stages of growth. Application of the method to the Ryoke Complex revealed three and four pulses of zircon growth with 3–10 Myr intervals for two migmatite samples respectively in the Mikawa area and three pulses with 2–4 Myr intervals from one migmatite sample in the Yanai area. The detected zircon growth pulses are consistent with previously reported pulses of plutonic activity in the two areas, with the exception of the oldest growth pulse in the Mikawa area. Therefore, the growth pulses are interpreted to be the result of thermal pulses because of melt flux events at lower to middle crustal levels. The inferred intervals of pulsed melt fluxes are similar to those of individual caldera formation in coeval caldera clusters at the surface.
Association between anatomic variations of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts: Do look up!
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Brandi Nicolò , Brocchi Stefano , Balacchi Caterina , Lanza Carolina , Pettinari Irene , Stefanini Bernardo , Carrafiello Giampaolo , Piscaglia Fabio , Golfieri Rita , Marasco Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiliary anatomic variations are usually asymptomatic, but they may cause problems in diagnostic investigations and interventional and surgical procedures, increasing both their technical difficulty and their postoperative complication rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anatomic variations in the intrahepatic biliary ducts (IHBD) in relation to demographical and clinical characteristics in a large study population requiring magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for various clinical conditions. The possible association between IHBD and extrahepatic biliary ducts (EHBD) variants was then explored. From January 2017 to May 2019, 1004 patients underwent MRCP. Demographical and clinical data were collected. IHBD and EHBD anatomy were recorded and the EHBD anatomy was classified using both qualitative and quantitative classifications. The presence of a type 3 EHBD variant (an abnormal proximal cystic duct [CD] insertion) in both qualitative and quantitative classifications and an intrapancreatic CD were associated with the presence of IHBD variants at univariate analysis (p = 0.008, p = 0.019, and p = 0.001, respectively). The presence of a posterior or medial insertion of the CD into the EHBD was a strong predictive factor of the presence of IHBD variants both at uni‐ and multivariate analysis (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003 for posterior insertion and p = 0.002 and p = 0.002 for medial insertion, respectively). The presence of gallstones on MRCP resulted in a strong predictor of the presence of an anatomical variant of the IHBD both at uni‐ and multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and p = 0.046, respectively). In conclusion, the presence of a type 3 variant of the EHBD, an intrapancreatic CD and, especially, a posterior/medial CD insertion into the EHBD represent predictive factors of the concomitant presence of IHBD variants, thus radiologists must be vigilant when encountering these EHBD configurations and always remember to “look up” at the IHBD. Finally, the presence of an IHBD variant is a strong predictive factor of gallstones.
Spinal arachnoid webs in adults: Clinical and imaging features in a multicenter study
Authors: Elkadi Seleem , Kraus Amanda , Krisanda Emily , Sayah Anousheh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeSpinal arachnoid webs (SAWs) are rare and can present with myelopathic symptoms. This study aims to add 85 more cases of SAWs to the literature so we can continue to analyze clinical and imaging trends of SAWs to better understand this entity and its natural history.MethodsAn institutional review board‐approved retrospective review of SAW cases between 2016 and 2022 within a metropolitan, multihospital network was performed, searching for MR and CT reports that included “arachnoid web.” Of 108 identified reports, 85 patients had imaging and/or pathologically proven arachnoid webs. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Images were analyzed for SAW level, point of maximum kyphosis, presence of cord expansion, and signal intensity. The electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for age, sex, symptom presentation and duration, management, and outcomes.ResultsOf 85 cases, the most common presenting chief complaint was back pain and weakness. All (100%) SAWs were in the dorsal thoracic subarachnoid space, with 87% (74/85) located from thoracic (T) 2 to T6. Spinal cord expansion and signal abnormality were present in 54.1% and 23.5%, respectively. Twenty‐six underwent surgical resection with 20 showing improvement of at least one symptom.ConclusionWe present 85 additional cases of SAWs to the existing literature. Our cases all occurred in the dorsal thoracic subarachnoid space, predominantly from T2 to T6. Patients present with symptoms like other causes of cord compression, and spinal MR studies should be evaluated routinely for the findings of SAWs. Further research could focus on understanding SAW prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiology.