bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental change or choice during early rearing improves behavioural adaptability in laying hen chicks
Authors: Skånberg Lena , Newberry Ruth C. , Estevez Inma , Keeling Linda J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaying hens are typically moved to a novel environment after rearing, requiring adaptability to cope with change. We hypothesized that the standard rearing of laying hen chicks, in non-changing environments with limited choices (a single variant of each resource), impairs their ability to learn new routines, use new equipment and exploit new resources. On the contrary, rearing in a changing environment that also offers a choice of resource variants could better prepare chicks for the unexpected. To explore this hypothesis, environmental change and choice were manipulated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Compared to standard rearing, greater change during early rearing, through repeatedly swapping litter and perch types, reduced initial freezing when exposed to a novel environment suggesting a lower fear response. Greater choice during rearing, through simultaneous access to multiple litter and perch types, resulted in shorter latencies to solve a detour task, more movement in novel environments and less spatial clustering, suggesting improved spatial skills and higher exploration. However, combining both change and choice did not generally result in greater improvement relative to providing one or the other alone. We conclude that environmental change and choice during rearing have different positive but non-synergistic effects on later adaptability potential.
Physically informed machine-learning algorithms for the identification of two-dimensional atomic crystals
Authors: Zichi Laura , Liu Tianci , Drueke Elizabeth , Zhao Liuyan , Xu Gongjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter graphene was first exfoliated in 2004, research worldwide has focused on discovering and exploiting its distinctive electronic, mechanical, and structural properties. Application of the efficacious methodology used to fabricate graphene, mechanical exfoliation followed by optical microscopy inspection, to other analogous bulk materials has resulted in many more two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals. Despite their fascinating physical properties, manual identification of 2D atomic crystals has the clear drawback of low-throughput and hence is impractical for any scale-up applications of 2D samples. To combat this, recent integration of high-performance machine-learning techniques, usually deep learning algorithms because of their impressive object recognition abilities, with optical microscopy have been used to accelerate and automate this traditional flake identification process. However, deep learning methods require immense datasets and rely on uninterpretable and complicated algorithms for predictions. Conversely, tree-based machine-learning algorithms represent highly transparent and accessible models. We investigate these tree-based algorithms, with features that mimic color contrast, for automating the manual inspection process of exfoliated 2D materials (e.g., MoSe2). We examine their performance in comparison to ResNet, a famous Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), in terms of accuracy and the physical nature of their decision-making process. We find that the decision trees, gradient boosted decision trees, and random forests utilize physical aspects of the images to successfully identify 2D atomic crystals without suffering from extreme overfitting and high training dataset demands. We also employ a post-hoc study that identifies the sub-regions CNNs rely on for classification and find that they regularly utilize physically insignificant image attributes when correctly identifying thin materials.
Metabolomics profiling distinctively identified end-stage renal disease patients from chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Nimer Refat M. , Sumaily Khalid M. , Alabdaljabar Mohamad S. , Jacob Minnie , Sabi Essa M. , Hussein Maged H. , Abdel Rahman Anas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem characterized by progressive kidney function loss leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that demands dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection can prevent or delay progression to ESRD. The study aimed to gain new insights into the perturbed biochemical reactions and to identify novel distinct biomarkers between ESRD and CKD. Serum samples of 32 patients with ESRD (n = 13) and CKD (n = 19) were analyzed using chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. A total of 193 metabolites were significantly altered in ESRD compared to CKD and were mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Three kynurenine derivatives, namely, 2-aminobenzoic acid, xanthurenic acid, and hydroxypicolinic acid were upregulated in ESRD compared to CKD due to the significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate with the progression of CKD to ESRD. N-Hydroxy-isoleucine, 2-aminobenzoic acid, and picolinic acid yielded AUC > 0.99 when analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings suggest that inhibiting the kynurenine pathway might be a promising target to delay CKD progression and that metabolites with high discriminative ability might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers to monitor the progression of CKD to ESRD or used in combination with current markers to indicate the status of kidney damage better.
Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in Iraqi- and Swedish-born individuals in Sweden: the MEDIM cohort study
Authors: Dhaher Nadine Fadhel , Pikkemaat Miriam , Shaat Nael , Nilsson Anton , Bennet Louise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmigrants from the Middle East to Sweden have a twice as high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity as native-born Swedes. Both obesity and T2D have been linked to increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality (ACM); however, data on differences between ethnicities are scarce. In a population-based cohort we aimed to study the impact of Middle Eastern and European ethnicity on ACM, cancer- and CVD related mortality, incidence of cancer and CVD in an eight-year follow-up study. Methods: People born in Iraq or Sweden, who were 30–75 years of age, were invited from 2010 to 2012 to participate in the population based MEDIM study including a health exam, fasting blood sampling, assessment of insulin secretion and action (through oral glucose tolerance test) and questionnaires assessing history of CVD, cancer and T2D. Register data were retrieved from baseline until the 31st of December 2018 from the Swedish National Patient Register and Cause of Death register regarding CVD diagnosis, cancer diagnosis and cause of death. Information regarding diabetes diagnosis was retrieved from the National Diabetes Register. Individuals with a history of cancer or CVD at baseline were excluded. Cox regression analysis was assessed to study the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the relationships between ethnicity and ACM, cancer events, CVD events, death from cancer, and death from CVD, with adjustments for age, sex, anthropometrical measures, T2D and lifestyle. A total of 1398 Iraqi- and 757 Swedish-born residents participated in the study. ACM was considerably lower in Iraqi- compared to Swedish-born individuals HR 0.32 (95% CI 0.13–0.79) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cancer related morbidity and mortality HR 0.39 (0.22–0.69) (p < 0.01) as well as CVD related morbidity and mortality HR 0.56 (0.33–0.95) (p < 0.05) were lower in the Iraqi-born group compared to the Swedish-born group for. The differences in mortality and cancer rates across ethnicities are not fully explained by anthropometric, environmental or metabolic measures but lie elsewhere. Further studies are needed to increase the understanding of contributing mechanisms.
Three-dimensional nanoimaging of fuel cell catalyst layers
Authors: Girod Robin , Lazaridis Timon , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Tileli Vasiliki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCatalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells consist of platinum-group-metal nanocatalysts supported on carbon aggregates, forming a porous structure through which an ionomer network percolates. The local structural character of these heterogeneous assemblies is directly linked to the mass-transport resistances and subsequent cell performance losses; its three-dimensional visualization is therefore of interest. Herein we implement deep-learning-aided cryogenic transmission electron tomography for image restoration, and we quantitatively investigate the full morphology of various catalyst layers at the local-reaction-site scale. The analysis enables computation of metrics such as the ionomer morphology, coverage and homogeneity, location of platinum on the carbon supports, and platinum accessibility to the ionomer network, with the results directly compared and validated with experimental measurements. We expect that our findings and methodology for evaluating catalyst layer architectures will contribute towards linking the morphology to transport properties and overall fuel cell performance.
Global transcriptome analysis of allopolyploidization reveals large-scale repression of the D-subgenome in synthetic hexaploid wheat
Authors: Vasudevan Akshaya , Lévesque-Lemay Madeleine , Edwards Tara , Cloutier Sylvie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSynthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines are created as pre-breeding germplasm to diversify the D subgenome of hexaploid wheat and capitalize upon the untapped genetic diversity of the Aegilops tauschii gene pool. However, the phenotypes observed in the Ae. tauschii parents are not always recovered in the SHW lines, possibly due to inter-subgenome interactions. To elucidate this post-polyploidization genome reprogramming phenomenon, we performed RNA-seq of four SHW lines and their corresponding tetraploid and diploid parents, across ten tissues and three biological replicates. Homoeologue expression bias (HEB) analysis using more than 18,000 triads suggests massive suppression of homoeoalleles of the D subgenome in SHWs. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the whole-genome gene set further corroborated this finding. Alternative splicing analysis of the high-confidence genes indicates an additional layer of complexity where all five splice events are identified, and retained intron is predominant. Homoeologue expression upon resynthesis of hexaploid wheat has implications to the usage and handling of this germplasm in breeding as it relates to capturing the effects of epistatic interaction across subgenomes upon polyploidization. Special considerations must be given to this germplasm in pre-breeding activities to consider the extent of the inter-subgenome interactions on gene expression and their impact on traits for crop improvement.
Structure of anhydrotetracycline-bound Tet(X6) reveals the mechanism for inhibition of type 1 tetracycline destructases
Authors: Kumar Hirdesh , Williford Emily E. , Blake Kevin S. , Virgin-Downey Brett , Dantas Gautam , Wencewicz Timothy A. , Tolia Niraj H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInactivation of tetracycline antibiotics by tetracycline destructases (TDases) remains a clinical and agricultural threat. TDases can be classified as type 1 Tet(X)-like TDases and type 2 soil-derived TDases. Type 1 TDases are widely identified in clinical pathogens. A combination therapy of tetracycline and a TDase inhibitor is much needed to rescue the clinical efficacy of tetracyclines. Anhydrotetracycline is a pan-TDase inhibitor that inhibits both type 1 and type 2 TDases. Here, we present structural, biochemical, and phenotypic evidence that anhydrotetracycline binds in a substrate-like orientation and competitively inhibits the type 1 TDase Tet(X6) to rescue tetracycline antibiotic activity as a sacrificial substrate. Anhydrotetracycline interacting residues of Tet(X6) are conserved within type 1 TDases, indicating a conserved binding mode and mechanism of inhibition. This mode of binding and inhibition is distinct from anhydrotetracycline’s inhibition of type 2 TDases. This study forms the framework for development of next-generation therapies to counteract enzymatic tetracycline resistance.
Maximally modular structure of growing hyperbolic networks
Authors: Balogh Sámuel G. , Kovács Bianka , Palla Gergely 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperbolic network models provide a particularly successful approach to explain many peculiar features of real complex networks including, for instance, the small-world and scale-free properties, or the relatively high clustering coefficient. Here we show that for the popularity-similarity optimisation (PSO) model from this family, the generated networks become also extremely modular in the thermodynamic limit, despite lacking any explicitly built-in community formation mechanism in the model definition. In particular, our analytical calculations indicate that the modularity in PSO networks can get arbitrarily close to its maximal value of 1 as the network size is increased. We also derive the convergence rate, which turns out to be dependent on the popularity fading parameter controlling the degree decay exponent of the generated networks.
Nanoscale architecture for frequency-resolving single-photon detectors
Authors: Young Steve M. , Sarovar Mohan , Léonard François 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSingle photon detectors play a key role across several basic science and technology applications. While progress has been made in improving performance, single photon detectors that can maintain high performance while also resolving the photon frequency are still lacking. By means of quantum simulations, we show that nanoscale elements cooperatively interacting with the photon field in a photodetector architecture allow to simultaneously achieve high efficiency, low jitter, and high frequency resolution. We discuss how such cooperative interactions are essential to reach this performance regime, analyzing the factors that impact performance and trade-offs between metrics. We illustrate the potential performance for frequency resolution over a 1 eV bandwidth in the visible range, indicating near perfect detection efficiency, jitter of a few hundred femtoseconds, and frequency resolution of tens of meV. Finally, a potential physical realization of such an architecture is presented based on carbon nanotubes functionalized with quantum dots.
Assessing the impact of three‐phase rewinding of a failed single‐phase motor on efficiency improvement and energy saving
Authors: Resketi Hamidreza Akbari , Firouzjaee Jafar Adabi , Mirimani Seyyed Mehdi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInduction motors, particularly single‐phase induction motors (SPIMs), represent the major consumption of power in the household sector. SPIMs that fail during their life cycle represent the best opportunity to improve their efficiency by replacing or repairing them. Although replacing faulty motors with new and efficient ones results in significant energy savings, this replacement is uneconomical due to its high initial costs. Additionally, this option requires extensive energy and materials to manufacture, resulting in a considerable environmental impact. This article aims to introduce a three‐phase rewinding of a failed SPIM using a rewinding algorithm that significantly improves the machine's efficiency and performance in an economically viable way. The 0.75 HP single‐phase capacitor‐start induction motor has been rewound to convert it into a three‐phase motor with the required 110 V line voltage and 50 Hz frequency. The economic analysis implies that the rewound machine's life‐cycle cost is 6% and 18% lower than the purchased SPIM IE1 and existing SPIM by below efficiency class respectively. The rewound motor achieves a payback period of 1–1.6 years for different motor loading levels, based on the world average electricity price, indicating an economically viable solution.
Design and comparison of dual‐stator axial‐field flux‐switching permanent magnet motors for electric vehicle application
Authors: Farrokh Fariba , Vahedi Abolfazl , Torkaman Hossein , Banejad Mahdi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, three dual‐stator axial field flux‐switching permanent magnet (DS‐AFFSPM) topologies are selected, designed, and analysed in order to determine the most effective structure electric vehicle (EV) application based on torque density, power density, and efficiency. Accordingly, the introduced topologies are thoroughly compared in the same condition. The results show that, the high‐power density, high‐torque density, and high‐efficiency, of the internal single‐teeth rotor DS‐AFFSPM topology is a suitable candidate for EV application because it has the lowest torque ripple.
Transition von der Kinder- und Jugend- hin zur Erwachsenenpsychiatrie
in einer deutschen Metropolenregion: Eine explorative
Querschnittstudie
Authors: Rout Sandeep , Ignatyev Yuriy , Schwarz Julian , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen In der Psychiatrie stellt die Transitionsphase eine besondere
Herausforderung dar. Die Studie zielt auf die Untersuchung von
Versorgungslücken während des Übergangs in die
Erwachsenenpsychiatrie ab.
Methodik Nach einer qualitativen Vorstudie wurden 100
Patienten*innen mit vorangegangener kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer
Behandlung zum Vorliegen einer Behandlungslücke standardisiert zum
Inanspruchnahmeverhalten, dem Hilfebedarf und dem Erleben während, vor
und nach der Transitionsphase befragt. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv und mit Hilfe
der Intervallschätzung (Überdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit)
analysiert.
Ergebnisse Bei 75% der Patienten*innen wurde eine
Behandlungslücke von mehr als 3 Monaten belegt. Die Untersuchung zeigte,
dass die Behandlungsunterbrechung als Risiko für weitere Krisen erlebt
wurde und oft ein Informationsdefizit zu Weiterbehandlungsoptionen bestand.
Schlussfolgerung Der Übergang von der kinder- und jugend- zur
erwachsenenpsychiatrischen Behandlung verläuft nicht nahtlos und
benötigt professionelle Unterstützung.
„Deine Gesundheit“ – Spiegelbild der
Sozialpsychiatrie in der DDR?
Authors: Müller Thomas R. , Haack Kathleen , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Kumbier Ekkehardt 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es werden Beiträge zur psychiatrischen Versorgung in der DDR
identifiziert, die in der Zeitschrift „Deine Gesundheit“
publiziert wurden. Dabei wurde untersucht, wie die Psychiatrie
öffentlich dargestellt wird und welche Intention die Adressierung an ein
Laienpublikum verfolgte.
Methode Alle zwischen 1955 und 1989 erschienenen Hefte wurden systematisch
durchgesehen, die Rolle der Publizierenden untersucht und eine Bewertung im
Kontext der Sozialpsychiatrie und der gesellschaftspolitischen Bedingungen
vorgenommen.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine rege Publikationstätigkeit
psychiatrischer Themen von vor allem professionellen Akteuren. Auffallend ist
die zeitliche Häufung im Kontext von psychiatrischen
Reformbestrebungen.
Schlussfolgerung Insbesondere reformorientierte Psychiaterinnen und
Psychiater nutzten das populärwissenschaftliche Medium, um eine breite
Öffentlichkeit und damit eine größere gesellschaftliche
Akzeptanz gemeindespsychiatrischer Versorgungskonzepte zu erreichen.
Corona-Pandemie-bedingte Auswirkungen auf die psychiatrische und
psychosoziale Versorgung im städtischen und ländlichen Raum
– Zwei Untersuchungen mit dem Fragebogen PandA-Psy
Authors: Gersdorf Stefanie , Duden Gesa Solveig , Jenderny Sarah , Möller Julia , Steinhart Ingmar , Stengler Katarina 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erfassung COVID-19-Pandemie bedingter Veränderungen
psychiatrischer und psychosozialer Angebote und Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung
schwer psychisch erkrankter Menschen in zwei kontrastierenden Regionen.
Methodik Entwicklung und Einsatz eines Online-Fragebogens (PandA-Psy) in
Leipzig (N=50) und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (N=126).
Ergebnisse In der gemeindepsychiatrischen Versorgung der zwei Regionen
wurden vergleichbare Veränderungen festgestellt. Diese betreffen vor
allem Abnahme der Präsenzkontakte und Gruppenangebote, Zunahme von
digitalen und telefonischen Angeboten sowie die zunehmende Belastungssituation
der Mitarbeitenden. Unterschiede zwischen den Regionen werden diskutiert.
Schlussfolgerung Anhand von PandA-Psy konnten für den urbanen und
ländlichen Raum Veränderungen der psychiatrischen und
psychosozialen Angebote durch die COVID-19-Pandemie abgebildet werden. Dabei
wurden neben überwiegend negativen Konsequenzen der pandemischen
Ausnahmesituation auch aus der Krise erwachsende Chancen detektiert.
Assessing Usability and Ambulatory Clinical Staff Satisfaction with Two Electronic Health Records
Authors: Lefchak Brian , Bostwick Susan , Rossetti Sarah , Shen Kenneth , Ancker Jessica , Cato Kenrick , Abramson Erika L. , Thomas Charlene , Gerber Linda , Moy Amanda , Sharma Mohit , Elias Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground A growing body of literature has linked usability limitations within electronic health records (EHRs) to adverse outcomes which may in turn affect EHR system transitions. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (CU), and Weill Cornell Medical College (WC) are a tripartite organization with large academic medical centers that initiated a phased transition of their EHRs to one system, EpicCare.Objectives This article characterizes usability perceptions stratified by provider roles by surveying WC ambulatory clinical staff already utilizing EpicCare and CU ambulatory clinical staff utilizing iterations of Allscripts before the implementation of EpicCare campus-wide.Methods A customized 19-question electronic survey utilizing usability constructs based on the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale was anonymously administered prior to EHR transition. Responses were recorded with self-reported demographics.Results A total of 1,666 CU and 1,065 WC staff with ambulatory self-identified work setting were chosen. Select demographic statistics between campus staff were generally similar with small differences in patterns of clinical and EHR experience. Results demonstrated significant differences in EHR usability perceptions among ambulatory staff based on role and EHR system. WC staff utilizing EpicCare accounted for more favorable usability metrics than CU across all constructs. Ordering providers (OPs) denoted less usability than non-OPs. The Perceived Usefulness and User Control constructs accounted for the largest differences in usability perceptions. The Cognitive Support and Situational Awareness construct was similarly low for both campuses. Prior EHR experience demonstrated limited associations.Conclusion Usability perceptions can be affected by role and EHR system. OPs consistently denoted less usability overall and were more affected by EHR system than non-OPs. While there was greater perceived usability for EpicCare to perform tasks related to care coordination, documentation, and error prevention, there were persistent shortcomings regarding tab navigation and cognitive burden reduction, which have implications on provider efficiency and wellness.