bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of body image perception and skin-lightening practices on mental health of Filipino emerging adults: a mixed-methods approach protocol
Authors: Regencia Zypher Jude G , Gouin Jean-Philippe , Ladia Mary Ann J , Montoya Jaime C , Baja Emmanuel S 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe rampant distribution of idealised images on the internet may lead the general public to improve their body appearance in a way that is sometimes excessive, compulsive or detrimental to other aspects of their lives. There is a decreasing appreciation of body image among emerging adults and an increasing trend on skin-lightening practices linked with psychological distress. This protocol describes the mixed-method approach to assess the relationships among body image perception, skin-lightening practices and mental well-being of Filipino emerging adults and determine the factors that influence them.Methods and analysisAn explanatory sequential mixed-method approach will be used. A cross-sectional study design will involve an online self-administered questionnaire of 1258 participants, while a case study design will involve in-depth interviews with 25 participants. Data analysis will use generalised linear models and structural equation modelling with a Bayesian network for the quantitative data. Moreover, the qualitative data will use an inductive approach in thematic analysis. A contiguous narrative approach will integrate the quantitative and qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe University of the Philippines Manila Review Ethics Board has approved this protocol (UPMREB 2022-0407-01). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations.
Clinical characteristics of locomotive syndrome categorised by the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale: a systematic review
Authors: Kobayashi Takaomi , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Shimanoe Chisato , Ono Rei , Otani Koji , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compile the currently available evidence on the clinical characteristics of the locomotive syndrome (LS) categorised by the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) and clarify its clinical usefulness for assessing mobility function.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant studies on 20 March 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included relevant peer-reviewed articles, available in English language, on clinical LS characteristics categorised with the GLFS-25.Data extraction and synthesisPooled ORs or mean differences (MDs) of the LS groups were calculated and compared with the non-LS groups for each clinical characteristic.ResultsIn total, 27 studies that involve 13 281 participants (LS, n=3385; non-LS, n=9896) were examined in this analysis. Older age (MD 4.71; 95% (CI) 3.97 to 5.44; p<0.00001), female gender (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.71; p<0.00001), higher body mass index (MD 0.78; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99; p<0.00001), osteoporosis (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.13; p<0.0001), depression (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.81 to 5.44; p<0.0001), lower lumbar lordosis angle (MD −7.91; 95% CI −10.08 to −5.74; p<0.00001), higher spinal inclination angle (MD 2.70; 95% CI 1.76 to 3.65; p<0.00001), lower grip strength (MD −4.04; 95% CI −5.25 to −2.83; p<0.00001), lower back muscle strength (MD −15.32; 95% CI −23.83 to −6.81; p=0.0004), lower maximum stride (MD −19.36; 95% CI −23.25 to −15.47; p<0.00001), higher timed up-and-go (MD 1.36; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.79; p<0.00001), lower one-leg standing time (MD −19.13; 95% CI −23.29 to −14.97; p<0.0001) and slower normal gait speed (MD −0.20; 95% CI −0.22 to −0.18; p<0.0001) were found to be associated with LS. No significant differences were noted in other clinical characteristics between the two groups.ConclusionsGLFS-25 is clinically useful for assessing mobility function according to the evidence available on the clinical characteristics of LS categorised by the GLFS-25 questionnaire items until.
Impact of polyethylene glycol loxenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (BALANCE-3)
Authors: Xie Yun , Kuang Jian , Li Quanmin , Hong Tianpei , Ji Linong , Kong Yuanyuan , Duan Yale , Chen Liming 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionRecent cardiovascular outcomes trials have demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) decreases the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) is a once-weekly GLP-1RA obtained by modifying exendin-4. No clinical trials have been designed to assess the impact of PEG-Loxe on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with T2DM. This trial aims to test the hypothesis that compared with placebo, PEG-Loxe treatment does not result in an unacceptable increase in CV risk in individuals with T2DM.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with T2DM who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided to receive weekly administration of either PEG-Loxe 0.2 mg or placebo (1:1 ratio). The randomisation was stratified according to utilisation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, history of CV disease and body mass index. The research period is expected to be 3 years, with a 1-year recruitment period and a 2-year follow-up period. The primary outcome is the occurrence of the first MACE, described as CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke. The statistical analyses were undertaken on the intent-to-treat patient. The primary outcome was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model with treatment and randomisation strata as the covariates.Ethics and disseminationThe current research has been authorised by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital (approval number: ZXYJNYYhMEC2022-2). Researchers must acquire informed consent from every participant before conducting any protocol-associated procedures. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200056410.
Relationship between a daily injury risk estimation feedback (I-REF) based on machine learning techniques and actual injury risk in athletics (track and field): protocol for a prospective cohort study over an athletics season
Authors: Dandrieux Pierre-Eddy , Navarro Laurent , Blanco David , Ruffault Alexis , Ley Christophe , Bruneau Antoine , Chapon Joris , Hollander Karsten , Edouard Pascal 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionTwo-thirds of athletes (65%) have at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) in athletics (track and field) during one season. The emerging practice of medicine and public health supported by electronic processes and communication in sports medicine represents an opportunity for developing new injury risk reduction strategies. Modelling and predicting the risk of injury in real-time through artificial intelligence using machine learning techniques might represent an innovative injury risk reduction strategy. Thus, the primary aim of this study will be to analyse the relationship between the level ofInjuryRiskEstimationFeedback (I-REF) use (average score of athletes’ self-declared level of I-REF consideration for their athletics activity) and the ICPR burden during an athletics season.Method and analysisWe will conduct a prospective cohort study, calledInjuryPrediction withArtificialIntelligence (IPredict-AI), over one 38-week athletics season (from September 2022 to July 2023) involving competitive athletics athletes licensed with theFrenchFederation ofAthletics. All athletes will be asked to complete daily questionnaires on their athletics activity, their psychological state, their sleep, the level of I-REF use and any ICPR. I-REF will present a daily estimation of the ICPR risk ranging from 0% (no risk for injury) to 100% (maximal risk for injury) for the following day. All athletes will be free to see I-REF and to adapt their athletics activity according to I-REF. The primary outcome will be the ICPR burden over the follow-up (over an athletics season), defined as the number of days lost from training and/or competition due to ICPR per 1000 hours of athletics activity. The relationship between ICPR burden and the level of I-REF use will be explored by using linear regression models.Ethics and disseminationThis prospective cohort study was reviewed and approved by the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Ethical Committee (Institutional Review Board: IORG0007394, IRBN1062022/CHUSTE). Results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and in international scientific congresses, as well as to the included participants.
Qualitative study evaluating the expectations and experiences of Dutch parents of children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms visiting their general practitioner
Authors: Ansems Sophie M , Ganzevoort Ilse N , van Tol Donald G , Fokkema Tryntsje , Olthof Marijke , Berger Marjolein Y , Holtman Gea A 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesChronic gastrointestinal symptoms are common among children and affect their daily activities and quality of life. The majority will be diagnosed with a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Effective reassurance and education are, therefore, key components of the physician’s management. Qualitative studies have shown how parents and children experience specialist paediatric care, yet less is known about general practitioners (GPs), who manage most cases in the Netherlands and have a more personal and enduring relationship with their patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the expectations and experiences of parents of children visiting a GP for chronic gastrointestinal symptoms.DesignWe conducted a qualitative interview study. Online interviews were audio and video recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently analysed by the first two authors. Data were collected and analysed concurrently until data saturation was reached. Using thematic analysis, we developed a conceptual framework reflecting respondent expectations and experiences. We performed a member check of the interview synopsis and the conceptual framework.SettingDutch primary care.ParticipantsWe purposively sampled participants from a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of faecal calprotectin testing in children with chronic gastrointestinal complaints in primary care. Thirteen parents and two children participated.ResultsThree key themes emerged: disease burden, GP–patient relationship and reassurance. Often, the experienced disease burden and the pre-existing GP–patient relationship influenced expectations (eg, for further investigations or a sympathetic ear), and when a GP fulfilled these expectations, a trusting GP–patient relationship ensued that facilitated reassurance. We found that individual needs influenced these themes and their interrelationships.ConclusionInsights provided by this framework could help GPs managing children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in daily practice and may therewith improve the consultation experience for parents. Further research should evaluate whether this framework also holds true for children.Trial registration numberNL7690.
Benefits and harms associated with an increase in gestational diabetes diagnosis in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective cohort comparison of diagnosis rates, outcomes, interventions and medication use for two periods, 2011–2013 and 2016–2018, using a large perinatal database
Authors: Hegerty Christopher , Ostini Remo 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo assess benefits and harms arising from increasing gestational diabetes (GDM) diagnosis, including for women with normal-sized babies.Design, setting and participantsDiagnosis rates, outcomes, interventions and medication use are compared in a retrospective cohort study of 229 757 women birthing in public hospitals of the Australian State of Queensland during two periods, 2011–2013 and 2016–2018, using data from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection.Outcome measuresComparisons include hypertensive disorders, caesarean section, shoulder dystocia and associated harm, induction of labour (IOL), planned birth (PB), early planned birth <39 weeks (EPB), spontaneous labour onset with vaginal birth (SLVB) and medication use.ResultsGDM diagnosis increased from 7.8% to 14.3%. There was no improvement in shoulder dystocia associated injuries, hypertensive disorders or caesarean sections. There was an increase in IOL (21.8%–30.0%; p<0.001), PB (36.3% to 46.0%; p<0.001) and EPB (13.5%–20.6%; p<0.001), and a decrease in SLVB (56.0%–47.3%; p<0.001). Women with GDM experienced an increase in IOL (40.9%–49.8%; p<0.001), PB (62.9% to 71.8%; p<0.001) and EPB (35.3%–45.7%; p<0.001), and a decrease in SLVB (30.01%–23.6%; p<0.001), with similar changes for mothers with normal-sized babies. Of women prescribed insulin in 2016–2018, 60.4% experienced IOL, 88.5% PB, 76.4% EPB and 8.0% SLVB. Medication use increased from 41.2% to 49.4% in women with GDM, from 3.2% to 7.1% in the antenatal population overall, from 3.3% to 7.5% in women with normal-sized babies and from 2.21% to 4.38% with babies less than the 10th percentile.ConclusionOutcomes were not apparently improved with increased GDM diagnosis. The merits of increased IOL or decreased SLVB depend on the views of individual women, but categorising more pregnancies as abnormal, and exposing more babies to the potential effects of early birth, medication effects and growth limitation may be harmful.
Investigating the sustainability of self-help programmes in the context of leprosy and the work of leprosy missions in Nigeria, Nepal and India: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Choudhury Sopna , Ilozumba Onaedo , Darlong Joydeepa , Govindasamy Karthikeyan , Tsaku Paul A , Udo Sunday , Shrestha Dilip , Napit Indra B , Ugwu Linda , Meka Anthony , Sartori Jo , Griffiths Frances , Lilford Richard J 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionLeprosy occurs among very poor people who may be stigmatised and pushed further to the margins of society. Programmes to improve social integration and stimulate economic development have been implemented to help break the vicious cycle of poverty, reduced quality of life and ulcer recurrence. These involve forming groups of people, with a common concern, to provide mutual support and form saving syndicates—hence the term ‘self-help groups’ (SHGs). While there is literature on the existence and effectiveness of SHGs during the funded periods, little is known about their sustainability. We aim to explore the extent to which SHG programme activities have continued beyond the funding period and record evidence of sustained benefits.Methods and analysisIn India, Nepal and Nigeria, we identified programmes funded by international non-governmental organisations, primarily aimed at people affected by leprosy. In each case, financial and technical support was allocated for a predetermined period (up to 5 years).We will review documents, including project reports and meeting minutes, and conduct semistructured interviews with people involved in delivery of the SHG programme, potential beneficiaries and people in the wider environment who may have been familiar with the programme. These interviews will gauge participant and community perceptions of the programmes and barriers and facilitators to sustainability. Data will be analysed thematically and compared across four study sites.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the University of Birmingham Biomedical and Scientific Research Ethics Committee. Local approval was obtained from: The Leprosy Mission Trust India Ethics Committee; Federal Capital Territory Health Research Ethics Committee in Nigeria and the Health Research Ethics Committee of Niger State Ministry of Health; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and the Nepal Health and Research Council. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and community engagement events through the leprosy missions.
Parenting app to support socio-emotional and cognitive development in early childhood: iterative codesign learnings from nine low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Alam Mafruha , Hickie Ian B , Poulsen Adam , Ekambareshwar Mahalakshmi , Loblay Victoria , Crouse Jacob , Hindmarsh Gabrielle , Song Yun J C , Yoon Adam , Cha Grace , Wilson Chloe , Sweeney-Nash Madelaine , Troy Jakelin , LaMonica Haley M 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveMany children in low-income and middle-income countries are disadvantaged in achieving early developmental potential in childhood as they lack the necessary support from their surroundings, including from parents and caregivers. Digital technologies, such as smartphone apps, coupled with iterative codesign to engage end-users in the technology-delivered content development stages, can help overcome gaps in early child development (ECD). We describe the iterative codesign and quality improvement process that informs the development of content for theThrive by Five International Program, localised for nine countries in Asia and Africa.DesignBetween 2021 and 2022, an average of six codesign workshops in each country were conducted in Afghanistan, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya and Namibia.ParticipantsA total of 174 parents and caregivers and 58 in-country subject matter experts participated and provided feedback to refine and inform the cultural appropriateness of theThrive by Fiveapp and its content. Detailed notes from the workshops and written feedback were coded and analysed using established thematic techniques.ResultsFour themes emerged from the codesign workshops: local realities, barriers to positive parenting, child development and lessons learnt about the cultural context. These themes, as well as various subthemes, informed content development and refinement. For example, childrearing activities were requested and developed to promote inclusion of families from diverse backgrounds, encourage best parenting practices, increase engagement of fathers in ECD, address parents’ mental well-being, educate children about cultural values and help bereaved children with grief and loss. Also, content that did not align with the laws or culture of any country were removed.ConclusionsThe iterative codesign process informed the development of a culturally relevant app for parents and caregivers of children in the early years. Further evaluation is required to assess user experience and impact in real world settings.
Geometrical and physical interpretation of the Levi-Civita spacetime in terms of the Komar mass density
Authors: Racskó Bence , Gergely László Á. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe revisit the interpretation of the cylindrically symmetric, static vacuum Levi-Civita metric, known in either Weyl, Einstein–Rosen, or Kasner-like coordinates. The Komar mass density of the infinite axis source arises through a suitable compactification procedure. The Komar mass density $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

calculated in Einstein–Rosen coordinates, when employed as the metric parameter, leads to a number of advantages. It eliminates double coverages of the parameter space, vanishes in flat spacetime and when small, it corresponds to the mass density of an infinite string. After a comprehensive analysis of the local and global geometry, we proceed with the physical interpretation of the Levi-Civita spacetime. First we show that the Newtonian gravitational force is attractive and its magnitude increases monotonically with all positive $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

, asymptoting to the inverse of the proper distance in the radial direction. Second, we reveal that the tidal force between nearby geodesics (hence gravity in the Einsteinian sense) attains a maximum at $$\mu _{K}=1/2$$

μ
K

=
1
/
2

and then decreases asymptotically to zero. Hence, from a physical point of view the Komar mass density of the Levi-Civita spacetime encompasses two contributions: Newtonian gravity and acceleration effects. An increase in $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

strengthens Newtonian gravity but also drags the field lines increasingly parallel, eventually transforming Newtonian gravity through the equivalence principle into a pure acceleration field and the Levi-Civita spacetime into a flat Rindler-like spacetime. In a geometric picture the increase of $$\mu _{K}$$

μ
K

from zero to $$\infty $$
∞
deforms the planar sections of the spacetime into ever deepening funnels, eventually degenerating into cylindrical topology in an appropriately chosen embedding.
What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery
Authors: TANG Jin Bo 
Published: May 2023

Notice of Editorial Error - Tang JB. What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 May 5. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523300013 . The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume (JHS-AP) has rescinded the above paper from journal’s website. An edited version of this article has been previously published in the February 2023 issue (Tang JB. Towards Better Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 Feb;28(1):1-4. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523400015 ). It was accidentally given a new DOI number in the article production process due to an editorial error. The online version of the above paper (Tang JB. What to Retain and What to Change in Asian Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2023 May 5. doi: 10.1142/S2424835523300013 ) has been removed from the JHS-AP webpage and all hosting service providers have been informed of this move. The editors apologise for this error.
Outcomes of Linear Circumferential Skin Closure for Congenital Constriction Ring Syndrome
Authors: FURUKAWA Hiroshi , NAKAMURA Tomoyuki , WADA Akifusa , TAKAMURA Kazuyuki , YANAGIDA Haruhisa , YAMAGUCHI Toru 
Published: May 2023

Background: Congenital constriction ring syndrome (CCRS) is a rare condition diagnosed at birth characterised by deformation due to a constriction ring. The usual treatment for CCRS involves excision of the constriction ring and suture of the skin incorporating a Z-plasty to prevent scar contracture. A Z-plasty often results in an unsightly scar. In order to avoid this, we performed linear circumferential skin closure (LCSC). The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes of LCSC for CCRS. Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with CCRS who underwent LCSC between 2002 and 2020. Two linear incisions were placed proximal and distal to the constriction ring in parallel, and the constriction ring was excised carefully so as not to damage nerves or vessels. The deep subcutaneous and dermis layers were sutured. The skin was closed using adhesive tape. Two-stage surgery was performed in two patients with severe CCRS of the lower leg to avoid problems with distal circulation. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year and assessed for complications and quality of scar. Results: We performed LCSC for 31 sites in 19 patients, including one forearm, 14 fingers, 10 lower legs and six toes. The median age at the operation was 16 months (range: 4–175). The median follow-up period after surgery was 5.8 years (range: 1.9–16.0). The linear surgical scar had healed well in all patients and there were no complications. There was no recurrence of the constriction ring and no scar hypertrophy, though we did not perform fat mobilisation in all cases. None of the patients required additional surgery and the aesthetic outcome of the linear circumferential surgical scar was maintained at the final observation. Conclusions: Treatment for CCRS using LCSC resulted in no complications, no recurrence of constriction and an excellent aesthetic outcome. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)