bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language, perceived warmth, and investors' reactions to audit committee reports
Authors: Tan Hun‐Tong , Xu Tu , Yu Yao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn audit committee (AC) report is the primary channel through which investors learn about the responsibilities and activities of an AC. AC members may use personal language (“we”) or impersonal language (“the audit committee”) in an AC report. Psychology research suggests that personal (vs. impersonal) language signals that the language user has greater warmth and sense of communion (i.e., being part of a larger group). Applying this theory, we predict that an AC's use of personal (vs. impersonal) language leads investors to perceive a warmer and more communal AC, and that an AC's perceived warmth/communion (cued by personal language) positively impacts investor judgments. We further posit that the positive effect of personal language is stronger when AC compensation is largely short term than long term. This is because investors need more assurance of AC oversight effectiveness when AC compensation is short term, which makes investors rely more on heuristic cues such as AC language to make judgments. Consistent with this prediction, we find that when AC compensation is largely short term, nonprofessional investors (proxied by Master of Business Administration students) react more positively to an AC's use of personal language than impersonal language. The effect of AC language is insignificant when AC compensation is largely long term, as the long‐term compensation structure already provides assurance about the AC's oversight effectiveness, and thus, investors rely less on heuristic cues. Furthermore, we find that the perceived warmth of AC members explains the effect of AC language. Finally, our interviews with nonprofessional investors corroborate some of our main findings and validate their practice implications.
Effect of midazolam in autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Hanamoto Hiroshi , Hirose Yohsuke , Toyama Midori , Yokoe Chizuko , Oyamaguchi Aiko , Niwa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile midazolam is commonly used as premedication for uncooperative patients, its effects are difficult to predict in patients with autism spectrum disorder for whom abnormalities in gamma‐aminobutyric acid have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the influence of autism spectrum disorder on the effect of midazolam when used as premedication.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was performed between April 2017 and August 2018. Before inducing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for dental treatment, 390 uncooperative patients received premedication with midazolam. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed with the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score 30 min after premedication as the objective variable. Age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class, premedication route, dose per body weight, presence of specific disorders (autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and other psychiatric disorders), and regular benzodiazepine or non‐benzodiazepine psychotropic administration were included as explanatory variables. Kendall's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score and cooperation level (1, obvious negative response; 2, negative response; 3, positive reaction; 4, obvious positive reaction) during admission and inhalation induction. All data were extracted from anesthesia and medical records.ResultsAge (odds ratio 1.437 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.213–1.708], P < .001), autism spectrum disorder (1.318 [1.079–1.612], P = .007), benzodiazepine medication (0.574 [0.396–0.827], P = .002), and intramuscular route (1.478 [1.137–1.924], P = .004) were significantly associated with the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score, while the score was negatively associated with cooperation levels during admission (τ = −0.714, P < .001) and inhalation induction (τ = −0.606, P < .001).ConclusionsPatients with autism spectrum disorder may be susceptible to premedication with midazolam; however, regular benzodiazepine administration may reduce the effect.
New range record for the African brush‐tailed porcupine, Atherurus africanus, in southeastern Senegal and northern Guinea
Authors: Mirghani Nadia , Dotras Laia , Llana Manuel , Barciela Amanda , Hernandez‐Aguilar R. Adriana , Galbany Jordi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe African brush‐tailed porcupine (Atherurus africanus) is a rodent common from West to East Africa. The last IUCN assessment stated that its presence is uncertain in Senegal. Here, we report the presence of the African brush‐tailed porcupine in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve (Dindefelo), in southeastern Senegal, and across the border in northern Guinea. From 2017 to 2022, we obtained 58 camera trap videos from seven different locations in Dindefelo and 86 camera trap videos from Sahoro cave, in Guinea, showing Atherurus africanus. It is likely that this species has always been present in both areas, but it may have gone undetected because it is nocturnal and may be less abundant.
Normative information can induce biased choice toward delayed larger rewards in adulthood
Authors: Goto Takayuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that observing or learning about others' choices can change individuals' choice of delayed rewards. To extend these findings, the present research investigated whether normative information can change the choice for delayed rewards in adulthood. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of 27 intertemporal conflicts after they had read a description about normative information of others' delayed‐reward choices. In Study 1, the results revealed that choosing bias toward delayed larger rewards was higher in those who read the description where the majority chose delayed larger rewards than those who read the opposite description. In Study 2, we successfully replicated the main results of Study 1. Furthermore, the results of Study 2 showed that the effect of social norms decreased in 1 week. The present research provides important insights into how self‐control is influenced by social norms.
C5aR1 activation in mice controls inflammatory eosinophil recruitment and functions in allergic asthma
Authors: Wiese Anna V. , Duhn Jannis , Korkmaz Rabia Ülkü , Quell Katharina M. , Osman Ibrahim , Ender Fanny , Schröder Torsten , Lewkowich Ian , Hogan Simon , Huber‐Lang Markus , Gumprecht Franziska , König Peter , Köhl Jörg , Laumonnier Yves 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary eosinophils comprise at least two distinct populations of resident eosinophils (rEOS) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS), the latter recruited in response to pulmonary inflammation. Here, we determined the impact of complement activation on rEOS and iEOS trafficking and function in two models of pulmonary inflammation.MethodsBALB/c wild‐type and C5ar1−/− mice were exposed to different allergens or IL‐33. Eosinophil populations in the airways, lung, or mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) were characterized by FACS or immunohistochemistry. rEOS and iEOS functions were determined in vivo and in vitro.ResultsHDM and IL‐33 exposure induced a strong accumulation of iEOS but not rEOS in the airways, lungs, and mLNs. rEOS and iEOS expressed C3/C5 and C5aR1, which were significantly higher in iEOS. Initial pulmonary trafficking of iEOS was markedly reduced in C5ar1−/− mice and associated with less IL‐5 production from ILC2 cells. Functionally, adoptively transferred pulmonary iEOS from WT but not from C5ar1−/− mice‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which was associated with significantly reduced C5ar1−/− iEOS degranulation. Pulmonary iEOS but not rEOS were frequently associated with T cells in lung tissue. After HDM or IL‐33 exposure, iEOS but not rEOS were found in mLNs, which were significantly reduced in C5ar1−/− mice. C5ar1−/− iEOS expressed less costimulatory molecules, associated with a decreased potency to drive antigen‐specific T cell proliferation and differentiation into memory T cells.ConclusionsWe uncovered novel roles for C5aR1 in iEOS trafficking and activation, which affects key aspects of allergic inflammation such as AHR, ILC2, and T cell activation.
Bargaining and interdependence: Common parent‐offspring conflict resolution strategies among Chon Chuuk and their implications for suicidal behavior
Authors: Syme Kristen L. , Hagen Edward H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe anthropology of Pacific cultures spotlights social conflict as a proximate cause of suicide. Ethnographic accounts suggest that suicidal behaviors are high‐cost conflict‐resolution strategies. We investigate parent‐child conflicts and the strategies adolescents and young adults use to resolve them, using concepts from human behavioral ecology to interpret results from in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 58 Chon Chuuk participants. One strategy for resolving conflicts in one's favor is to impose costs through the threat or use of violence, but an alternative strategy for those who lack social power or formidability involves social withdrawal, or withholding cooperation, until the interdependent parties reach an agreement. The Chuukese termamwunumwunrefers to a spectrum of social withdrawal, including avoidance, running away, and suicide. Strategies involving withholding cooperation were the most reported child behavioral response. As predicted, low‐cost strategies, such as negotiation, were associated with nonsevere conflicts (e.g., playing with friends), whereas high‐cost withholding cooperation, such as running away, was associated with severe conflicts (e.g., labor exploitation). Importantly, withholding cooperation was often, but not always, associated with outcomes favoring the child. We propose that withholding cooperation is a culturally ubiquitous strategy, ranging from avoidance to suicidality, used by the powerless to achieve more favorable outcomes. [adolescence, parent‐offspring conflict, suicide, Micronesia]
Survival of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at short‐, mid‐, and long‐term follow‐up: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Ni Jie , Mao Zimu , Yu Meng , Li Hongchuan , Chen Guoqiang , Wang Yang , Yao Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe infrequency of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has led to a lack of understanding of its survival. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the survivorship results of lateral UKA at different follow‐ups based on available literature.MethodsFive databases were searched for eligible studies. Pooled survivorships with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after lateral UKA were estimated using a random‐effect model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 26 studies involving 5470 lateral UKAs were included. Survivorships of lateral UKA at 3‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year follow‐ups were 96% (95% CI: 95–98%, I2: 77.5%), 94% (95% CI: 93–96%, I2: 70.8%), 88% (95% CI: 84–91%, I2: 70.8%), 85% (95% CI: 79–91%, I2: 70.8%), and 78% (95% CI: 71–85%, I2: 54.2%), respectively. Subgroup analyses found that bearing type, the number of surgeons, and year of publication might be associated with implant survival outcomes.ConclusionLateral UKA is an effective procedure with excellent survivorships at short‐, mid‐, and long‐term follow‐ups. Results suggest a single‐surgeon lateral UKA using fixed‐bearing. Additional well‐designed studies are needed to elucidate the current findings.
Prognostic effect of sarcopenia in patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer resection
Authors: Portale Giuseppe , Zuin Matteo , Spolverato Ylenia Camilla , Bartolotta Patrizia , Gregori Dario , Rettore Carlo , Cancian Luca , Morabito Alberto , Sava Teodoro , Fiscon Valentino 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of body composition, in particular skeletal muscle mass, as risk factor affecting survival of cancer patients has recently gained increasing attention. The relationship between sarcopenia and oncological outcomes has become a topic of research in particular in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, there are few studies addressing this issue in colorectal cancer, and even less specifically focused on rectal cancer, in particular in Western countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of preoperative skeletal mass index (SMI) on long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic curative resection for rectal cancer.MethodsSMI data and clinicopathological characteristics of rectal cancer patients in a 15‐year period (June 2005–December 2020) were evaluated; patients with metastatic disease at surgery were excluded; overall and disease‐free survival as well as recurrence were evaluated.ResultsHundred and sixty‐five patients were included in the study. Sarcopenia was identified in 30 (18%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified sarcopenia (HR = 3.28, CI = 1.33–8.11, P = 0.015), along with age (HR = 1.06, CI = 1.02–1.10, P = 0.002) and stage III (HR = 2.63, CI = 1.13–6.08, P < 0.03) as independent risk factors for overall survival.ConclusionLong‐term results of rectal cancer patients undergoing curative resection are affected by their preoperative skeletal muscle status. Larger studies including comprehensive data on muscle strength along with SMI are awaited to confirm these results on both Eastern and Western rectal cancer patient populations before strategies to reverse muscle depletion can be extensively applied.
Transoral approach to accessory parotid tumours: case series and literature review
Authors: Tescher Anne , Dixon Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccessory parotid tumours are rare, accounting for less than 10% of parotid neoplasms. Although similar tumours affect both the accessory parotid and parotid, accessory parotid tumours are associated with higher rates of malignancy. Surgery is first line management. Standard surgical management involves a similar approach to superficial parotidectomy, despite the anterior location of these lesions. This approach requires extensive subcutaneous access and facial nerve dissection and therefore, poses significant risk. It can also result in poor cosmetic result due to scarring and Frey's Syndrome. On the contrary, a transoral approach to reduces the risk of cosmetic deformity, reduces recovery time and does not increase risk to the facial nerve. We present a case series of patients with accessory parotid masses, which have been successfully excised transoral and without endoscopic assistance.
Risk of infection from glucocorticoid and methotrexate interaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using biologics: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ota Ryosuke , Hata Takeo , Hirata Atsushi , Hamada Takeshi , Nishihara Masami , Neo Masashi , Katsumata Takahiro 
Published: February 2023

AimsThis retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effect of the interaction between methotrexate and glucocorticoids on the risk of developing bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsWe used the 2005–2018 JMDC claims database, a nationwide claims database in Japan. From the database of 7 175 048 patients, study patients were obtained by applying the following exclusion criteria: no use of bDMARDs; without information on the date of prescription; without RA as a disease; other than the new users of bDMARDs; and age <18 years. The exposures were glucocorticoids and methotrexate, and the outcome was bacterial infection. The interaction effects were examined using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Bacterial infections were identified according to antibiotic prescription and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision codes.ResultsA total of 2837 RA patients were identified, with a median age of 50 years. The incidence of infection was 16.8% (95% confidence interval: 15.5–18.3). The interaction term for the doses of glucocorticoids and methotrexate was significant. Additionally, a higher dose of glucocorticoid was a significant risk factor for developing bacterial infections on the side of high doses of methotrexate. The incidence of bacterial infections tended to increase significantly with increasing methotrexate doses coprescribed with glucocorticoids ≥5 mg or glucocorticoid doses coprescribed with methotrexate ≥8 mg.ConclusionOur results indicate a potential association between methotrexate dose and bacterial infections during bDMARDs administration with glucocorticoids in patients with RA.
Is suffering a sufficient legitimation for UTx?
Authors: Bozzaro Claudia , Weismann Melanie , Westermann Anna Maria , Alkatout Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUterus transplantation is a relatively new intervention. A woman with absolute uterine factor infertility receives, by a surgical procedure, a transplanted uterus, most often by living donation. The uterus recipient may thus become pregnant and conceive her own child. As with any other medical treatment, UTx requires legitimation. The anticipated benefits must outweigh the risks of the medical intervention. The risks and benefits of UTx are by no means unequivocal and cannot be easily determined. The benefits depend on the final evaluation of the suffering to be alleviated by the intervention. In the following, we will analyze the suffering addressed by UTx and discuss its normative value. First, we point out that (a) suffering is generally considered an important normative criterion in medicine as well as in the context of UTx; (b) we then describe the risks and anticipated benefits of UTx for the three persons directly concerned: the child, the donor, and the recipient; (c) we further analyze the suffering addressed by UTx. The intervention addresses a form of existential suffering. We discuss the common notion that existential suffering should be evaluated from the subjective perspective of the sufferer; (d) afterwards, we argue that in a social practice like medicine, a one‐sided evaluation stemming from the sufferer alone is not sufficient; and (e) finally, arguments from a societal perspective lead us to the conclusion that the existential suffering addressed by UTx does not possess a sufficiently strong normative value to legitimize a high‐risk, expensive procedure.
Proline promotes proliferation and drug resistance of multiple myeloma by downregulation of proline dehydrogenase
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Shi Fangming , Liu Xing , Wu Xuan , Hu Cong , Guo Jiaojiao , Yang Qin , Xia Jiliang , He Yanjuan , An Gang , Qiu Lugui , Feng Xiangling , Zhou Wen 
Published: February 2023

SummaryAmino acids in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) are a critical factor for multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Here, we have determined that proline is elevated in BMME of MM patients and links to poor prognosis in MM. Moreover, exogenous proline regulates MM cell proliferation and drug resistance. Elevated proline in BMME is due to bone collagen degradation and abnormal expression of the key enzyme of proline catabolism, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). PRODH is downregulated in MM patients, mainly as a result of promoter hypermethylation with high expression of DNMT3b. Thus, overexpression of PRODH suppresses cell proliferation and drug resistance of MM and exhibits therapeutic potential for treatment of MM. Altogether, we identify proline as a key metabolic regulator of MM, unveil PRODH governing MM progression and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for MM treatment.
Evolution and development of methodologies in social and behavioural science research in relation to oral health
Authors: Baker Sarah R. , Heaton Lisa J. , McGrath Colman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this introductory paper is to provide an overview of key methodological developments in social and behavioural research in oral health. In the first section, we provide a brief historical perspective on research in the field. In the second section, we outline key methodological issues and introduce the seven papers in the theme. Conceptual models can contextualize research findings and address the ‘why’ and ‘how’ instead of ‘what’ and ‘how many’. Many models exist, albeit they need to be evaluated (and adapted) for use in oral health research and in specific settings. The increasing availability of big data can facilitate this with data linkage. Through data linkage, it is possible to explore and understand in a broader capacity the array of factors that influence oral health outcomes and how oral health can influences other factors. With advances in statistical approaches, it is feasible to consider casual inferences and to quantify these effects. There is a need for not only individual efforts to embrace causal inference research but also systematic and structural changes in the field to yield substantial results. The value of qualitative research in co‐producing knowledge with and from human participants in addressing ‘the how’ and ‘the why’ factors is also key. There have been calls to employ more sophisticated qualitative methods together with mixed methods approaches as ways of helping to address the complex or Wicked Problems in population oral health. In the final section, we outline possible future methodological directions in social and behavioural oral health research including participatory approaches and the development of core outcome sets. Our overriding goal in the paper is to facilitate a critical debate in relation to methodological issues which can be used to improve understanding and generate knowledge in population oral health and that this, in turn, will help inform oral health policy and practices.
Fostering educational prosperity: A randomized controlled trial of home tutoring in foster care
Authors: Eiberg Misja , Scavenius Christoffer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe educational gap between children in out‐of‐home care and their non‐placed peers is well‐documented. However, tutoring stands out as a promising intervention to raise children's educational attainment in out‐of‐home care. This study randomized 105 children in foster care (62% girls, aged 7–15 years [M = 10.3, SD = 2.0]) to the home tutoring program Foster Caregivers as Tutors (FCT) or regular public school services (treatment as usual [TAU]). In the FCT group, the foster caregivers tutored the children for 2.5 h/week for 40 weeks. The program effect is measured in learning and developmental outcomes, including reading and math ability, learning skills, IQ, executive function, and psychosocial function. Follow‐up was 17.5 months after baseline. The results show a significant effect over time in both groups on IQ (effect size [ES] = 0.40, P < 0.001), verbal comprehension (ES = 0.29 P = 0.02) and perceptual reasoning (ES = 0.60, P < 0.001) measured by WISC IV. Neither the FCT nor TAU provided any significant academic recovery in reading and math nor progression in executive function, learning skills or psychosocial function. These findings, implications for practice and future efforts to support the schooling of children in out‐of‐home care are discussed.