bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species after anoxia and reoxygenation in turtle hearts
Authors: Bundgaard Amanda , Gruszczyk Anja V. , Prag Hiran A. , Williams Catherine , McIntyre Angela , Ruhr Ilan M. , James Andrew M. , Galli Gina L. J. , Murphy Michael P. , Fago Angela 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Extremely anoxia-tolerant animals, such as freshwater turtles, survive anoxia and reoxygenation without sustaining tissue damage to their hearts. In contrast, for mammals, the ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury that leads to tissue damage during a heart attack is initiated by a burst of superoxide (O2·−) production from the mitochondrial respiratory chain upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Whether turtles avoid oxidative tissue damage because of an absence of mitochondrial superoxide production upon reoxygenation, or because the turtle heart is particularly protected against this damage, is unclear. Here, we investigated whether there was an increase in mitochondrial O2·− production upon the reoxygenation of anoxic red-eared slider turtle hearts in vivo and in vitro. This was done by measuring the production of H2O2, the dismutation product of O2·−, using the mitochondria-targeted mass-spectrometric probe in vivo MitoB, while in parallel assessing changes in the metabolites driving mitochondrial O2·− production, succinate, ATP and ADP levels during anoxia, and H2O2 consumption and production rates of isolated heart mitochondria. We found that there was no excess production of in vivo H2O2 during 1 h of reoxygenation in turtles after 3 h anoxia at room temperature, suggesting that turtle hearts most likely do not suffer oxidative injury after anoxia because their mitochondria produce no excess O2·− upon reoxygenation. Instead, our data support the conclusion that both the low levels of succinate accumulation and the maintenance of ADP levels in the anoxic turtle heart are key factors in preventing the surge of O2·− production upon reoxygenation.
Pulling wire to avoid misinsertion of filament and vascular damage improves ischemic stroke models' success rate and repeatability
Authors: Yang Fei , Zhang ZhiYun , Wan WeiPing , Wang Zhen , Li LanQing , Li ShuMin , Fu Hao , Yang Wenzhi , Chen Rong , Zhang Rongping , Shi XiNan , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2023

Background: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia-reperfusion in rats is a commonly used in vivo model in stroke research, but the problems of long time-consuming, unstable neurological injury and high mortality are not conducive to an experimental animal study. In this study, the success rate of the MCAO model in rats was improved by changing the surgical approach and giving preoperative as well as postoperative care support. Methods: Place A-wire below the common carotid artery (CCA) to ligate the proximal end of the CCA, B-wire to fix the filament, and C-wire to pull the filament through the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the external carotid artery (ECA). After temporarily clamping the ICA, insert the filament into the CCA incision, then drag the C-wire to reduce the angle between the CCA and the pterygoid artery (PPA) to avoid filament insertion into the PPA. Push forward the head of the filament to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), ventral thalamic artery (VTA), and anterior choroidal segment to block the blood supply. Neurological function scoring, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Nissl staining were applied to evaluate the model success or failure, the infarct area and neuro damage. Results: Compared with the traditional Zea longa mapping method, our method significantly reduced modeling time and surgical trauma and improved postoperative survival rate and success rate. Furthermore, our method is more consistent in terms of infarct area, and there was a significant reduction in Nissl bodies. Conclusions: The wire-lifting method pulls the vessel, reduces the angle between the CCA and the PPA, facilitates the insertion of the filament into the MCA to avoid the accidental insertion of the filament into the PPA, reduces the surgical trauma, and saves the model preparation time, which can effectively improve the survival rate and modeling success rate.
Role of health system strengthening (HSS) in reducing neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: A document review
Authors: Matin Md. Ziaul , Sharmin Shamina , Kim Minjoon , Sayem ASM , Rahman Fazlur , Abdullah Abu Sayeed MD , Sheikh Sifat Parveen , Khan Moonmoon Islam , Halim MA 
Published: April 2023

Background: The majority of neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. This study explored the role of health system strengthening (HSS) in reducing neonatal mortality. Methods: The document review was the method to conduct this study. The secondary data, including the reports and protocols, were reviewed to find out the success, challenges and scope of the improvement of HSS interventions in reducing neonatal deaths. The analysis was performed descriptively. Results: The National Neonatal Health Strategy was found adopted in Bangladesh including the policies and strategies for newborn health and newborn health service delivery. The evidence-based newborn care initiatives were found to cover the essential newborn care, application of chlorohexidine in newborn care, role of post-natal care in reducing child death, management of birth asphyxia, use of Antenatal Corticosteroid (ACS) for the prevention of complication related to preterm and Kangaroo Mother Care. Conclusions: The health system strengthening with improving the quality of newborn care is very much essential at facilities both at urban and rural settings to reduce neonatal mortality in Bangladesh.
Gaussian process models for geographic controls in phylogenetic trees
Authors: Hartmann Frederik , Jäger Gerhard 
Published: April 2023

Background: Geographical confounding in phylogenetic inference models has long been an issue. Often models have great difficulty detecting whether congruences or similarities between languages in phylogenetic datasets stem from common genetic descent or geographical proximity effects such as language contact. Methods: In this study, we introduced a distance-based Gaussian process approach with latent phylogenetic distances that can detect potential geographic contact zones and subsequently account for geospatial biases in the resulting tree topologies. Results: We found that this approach is able to determine potential high-contact areas, making it possible to calculate the strength of this influence on both the tree-level (clade support) and the language-level (pairwise distances). Conclusions: Gaussian Process models are useful tools to address geographical confounding in phylogenetic analyses. The approach has advantages and disadvantages similar to comparable distance-based approaches, yet with this method, the level of confounding can be gauged and linguistic contact zones can be identified.
The influence of vancomycin on renal functions, the predictors and associated factors for nephrotoxicity
Authors: Altowayan Waleed M. , Mobark Mugahid A. , ALharbi Abdulmajed , Alduhami Abdullah Ali , Rabbani Syed Imam 
Published: April 2023

Background
Vancomycin has been widely used in the last six decades to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and other resistant gram-positive infections. The risk of vancomycin toxicity increases with the utilization of higher doses while treating the resistant form of bacterial infections. Nephrotoxicity is one of the major complications reported to be a hinderance in the prognosis of vancomycin therapy.

Objectives
This hospital-based study aimed to highlight the influence of vancomycin on renal function with special emphasis on identifying the predictors and augmenting factors for nephrotoxicity.

Methodology
A cross-sectional, unicentric, hospital-based study was conducted at King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH) in Qassim region in Saudi Arabia (KSA). It included 319 hospitalized patients who received vancomycin at intermittent doses (15 to 30 mg/kg IV per day) based on the diseased state. Data regarding vancomycin dose, frequency, duration and data of renal function tests and type of admission were analysed to evaluate their influence on the renal function using parameters such as blood urea, serum creatinine levels and creatinine clearance. One-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation test were used in the analysis of data.

Results
Both male and female patients treated with vancomycin had significantly (p<0.05) elevated blood urea and serum creatinine levels compared to baseline levels while creatinine clearance was non-significantly varied. Increasing age, increasing body weight, higher vancomycin dose and trough levels, increased vancomycin frequency and duration, critically ill patients and site of infection were factors associated with significant (p<0.05) increases in blood urea and serum creatinine levels with reduction in creatinine clearance.

Conclusion
Data suggested that vancomycin treatment reduced the renal function in patients and indicated its association with several predictors and confounding factors. The findings of the study might assist in identifying the patients under risk from the vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity and in designing the preventive strategies to reduce such complications.
Ginseng-containing traditional medicine preparations in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Cheng Mengqi , Li Yue , Shi Bolun , He Shulin , Yao Ziang , Jiang Juling , Yu Huibo , He Zhongning , Zhao Yuwei , Zheng Honggang , Hua Baojin , Liu Rui 
Published: April 2023

Background
Ginseng-containing traditional medicine preparations (G-TMPs) in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (FBC) are well-known treatments for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), with a superior efficacy to FBC alone. However, evidence regarding their efficacy remains limited. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of G-TMPs in combination with FBC for the treatment of AGC.

Methods
Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using G-TMPs with FBC for the treatment of AGC. The primary outcome included the tumor response, while the secondary outcomes included the quality of life (QoL), proportions of peripheral blood lymphocytes, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and levels of cancer biomarkers. The quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE profilers.

Results
A total of 1,960 participants were involved in the 26 RCTs included. Patients treated with FBC plus G-TMPs had better objective response (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13 to 1.35, p < 0.00001) and disease control (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19, p < 0.00001) rates than those treated with FBC alone. Additionally, the combination group had a better QoL, higher proportions of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and natural killer cells, as well as a higher CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio. Furthermore, lower levels of CA19-9, CA72-4, and CEA were confirmed in the combination treatment group. In addition, G-TMPs reduced the incidence of ADRs during chemotherapy.

Conclusion
In combination with FBC, G-TMPs can potentially enhance efficacy, reduce ADRs, and improve prognosis for patients with AGC. However, high-quality randomized studies remain warranted.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO Number: CRD42021264938.
The impact of government actions and risk perception on the promotion of self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alvarez-Galvez Javier , Anastasiou Andreas , Lamnisos Demetris , Constantinou Marios , Nicolaou Christiana , Papacostas Savvas , Vasiliou Vasilis S. , McHugh Louise , Lubenko Jelena , Ruiz Francisco J. , Paez-Blarrina Marisa , Montesinos Francisco , Valdivia-Salas Sonsoles , Merwin Rhonda M. , Karekla Maria , Gloster Andrew T. , Kassianos Angelos P. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionWe aim to understand the factors that drive citizens of different countries to adhere to recommended self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSurvey data was obtained through the COVID-19 Impact project. We selected countries that presented a sufficiently complete time series and a statistically relevant sample for running the analysis: Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. To identify country-specific differences in self-protective behaviors, we used previous evidence and change-point detection analysis to establish variations across participating countries whose effect was then assessed by means of interrupted series analysis.ResultsA high level of compliance with health and governmental authorities’ recommendations were generally observed in all included countries. The level of stress decreased near the period when countries such as Cyprus, Greece or the United Kingdom relaxed their prevention behavior recommendations. However, this relaxation of behaviors did not occur in countries such as Germany, Ireland, or the United States. As observed in the change-point detection analysis, when the daily number of recorded COVID-19 cases decreased, people relaxed their protective behaviors (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland), although the opposite trend was observed in Switzerland.DiscussionCOVID-19 self-protective behaviors were heterogeneous across countries examined. Our findings show that there is probably no single winning strategy for exiting future health crises, as similar interventions, aimed to promote self-protective behaviors, may be received differently depending on the specific population groups and on the particular geographical context in which they are implemented.
Maternal pandemic-related stress during pregnancy associates with infants’ socio-cognitive development at 12 months: A longitudinal multi-centric study
Authors: Nazzari Sarah , Grumi Serena , Biasucci Giacomo , Decembrino Lidia , Fazzi Elisa , Giacchero Roberta , Magnani Maria Luisa , Nacinovich Renata , Scelsa Barbara , Spinillo Arsenio , Capelli Elena , Roberti Elisa , Provenzi Livio ,   on behalf of the MOM-COPE Study Group
Published: April 2023

Background
Prenatal maternal stress is a key risk factor for infants’ development. Previous research has highlighted consequences for infants’ socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but less is known for what regards socio-cognitive development. In this study, we report on the effects of maternal prenatal stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic on 12-month-old infants’ behavioral markers of socio-cognitive development.

Methods
Ninety infants and their mothers provided complete longitudinal data from birth to 12 months. At birth, mothers reported on pandemic-related stress during pregnancy. At infants’ 12-month-age, a remote mother-infant interaction was videotaped: after an initial 2-min face-to-face episode, the experimenter remotely played a series of four auditory stimuli (2 human and 2 non-human sounds). The auditory stimuli sequence was counterbalanced among participants and each sound was repeated three times every 10 seconds (Exposure, 30 seconds) while mothers were instructed not to interact with their infants and to display a neutral still-face expression. Infants’ orienting, communication, and pointing toward the auditory source was coded micro-analytically and a socio-cognitive score (SCS) was obtained by means of a principal component analysis.

Results
Infants equally oriented to human and non-human auditory stimuli. All infants oriented toward the sound during the Exposure episode, 80% exhibited any communication directed to the auditory source, and 48% showed at least one pointing toward the sound. Mothers who reported greater prenatal pandemic-related stress had infants with higher probability of showing no communication, t = 2.14 (p = .035), or pointing, t = 1.93 (p = .057). A significant and negative linear association was found between maternal prenatal pandemic-related stress and infants’ SCS at 12 months, R2 = .07 (p = .010), while adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions
This study suggests that prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic might have increased the risk of an altered socio-cognitive development in infants as assessed through an observational paradigm at 12 months. Special preventive attention should be devoted to infants born during the pandemic.
The role of cytokines in the development of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity
Authors: Blagov A. Yu. , Efremova O. A. , Khodosh E. M. , Aleinikova K. S. , Dubrova V. A. 
Published: April 2023

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by a variety of comorbid conditions, including both somatic (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, obesity, etc.) and mental (depressive disorders, suicide attempts). Against the background of various chronic diseases of the respiratory system, endocrine, metabolic disorders, the risks of exacerbations of COPD increase.The leading unifying mechanism of these conditions is systemic subclinical inflammation. Its excessive activity leads to the loss of the physiological functions of inflammation, which is accompanied by an imbalance in the endocrine system and the release of high concentrations of hormones and neurotransmitters. The result of this response is the uncoupling of cytokine mechanisms, which leads to an imbalance in the system of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.The article describes the role of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 (interleukin 8), which is responsible for the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. This is how the neutrophilic type of inflammation is formed. IL-4 and IL-10 are considered, which occupy a leading position in the formation of CD4+ type of immunoreactivity, which is observed in bronchial asthma. Attention is focused on the significance of IL-6, because it is an integral component of local and systemic inflammation. An increase in its concentration and, as a result, a potential risk of damage to the respiratory epithelium is the remodeling of the bronchial tree, resulting in a decrease in the elasticity of the epithelium of the respiratory tract. This mechanism leads to the formation of pulmonary emphysema and further potentiation of pathophysiological processes in patients with COPD.Since IL-6 is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, its molecular activity is achieved by interacting with a special receptor complex consisting of two subunits: IL-6R and gp130. The former mediates IL-6 binding, while the latter triggers the JAK/STAT or MAPK signaling cascade pathways. The result of the reaction of IL-6 with the effector cell directly depends on the type of signaling.The paper describes three mechanisms of signal transduction into the target cell: classical, cluster, and transsignaling.Thus, by studying the role of cytokines in the systemic inflammatory response, we have shown the cross-talk between adipose tissue and the lungs in obesity, highlighting the main inflammatory mediators, which may indicate new therapeutic targets for preventing pulmonary dysfunction.
Integrating expertise for teaching conservation science to cultural heritage conservation students – A closer look at radiation, colour and museum lighting topics
Authors: França de Sá Susana , Vilarigues Márcia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction to Conservation Science (ICS) is a curricular unit (CU) from the bachelor’s degree in Conservation-Restoration at NOVA School of Science and Technology. This CU was created in 2017 to fill a gap in the academic degree – the need for a bridge between fundamental sciences (1st year) and conservation-restoration diagnosis (3rd year). For this reason, ICS was designed with the main goal of teaching 2nd year students how to look at, approach and solve problems of Cultural Heritage, through the combination of reflexive thinking and object-led analysis. ICS was first designed by an expert in Conservation Science with academic background in physics. However, from the perception of the students’ struggle to understand the purpose of ICS subjects to their future professional activity, a professor with expertise in Conservation and Restoration was invited in 2019 to work together in the re-design of the CU, through an integrated approach between the two experts. ICS was then revised with the introduction of new perspectives and topics, as well as new communication routes to students. This work highlights this partnership as a good practice methodology to involve conservation-restoration students into science, focusing on the ICS classes specifically dedicated to radiation, colour, and museum lighting.
Determination of Machining Parameters for a Specific Adjustment of the Residual Stress Profile by Induction Hardening*
Authors: Frerichs F. , Lübben T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Within the research work of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center TRR 136, process signatures were determined for processes that generate essentially thermal loading of the component surface layer. These process signatures represent correlations between material modifications (e. g. changes of residual stress, microstructure, hardness profile, etc.) and characteristic values of the material loading. The underlying idea is that the material does not know any processes but only loads caused by processes. In particular, the same loads lead to the same material modifications regardless of the kind of process. A decisive advantage of this concept over conventional approaches is the possibility of calculating the necessary internal material loads backwards on the basis of concrete specifications for the material modifications. If there are additional correlations between internal material loads and process quantities as well as between process quantities and machining parameters, the necessary machining parameters can be determined, too. In this paper, this procedure will be introduced using the example of one-sided induction hardening of cuboidal components made of 42CrMo4. The determination of the process signature by experimental and numerical investigations is described and work for experimental verifications are presented.
Numerical simulation of thermal sterilization heating process of canned fruits with different shapes based on UDM and RDM
Authors: Fu Zhiqiang , Liu Haozhe , Duan Liying , Huang Liqiang , Wang Yan , Sun Xueliang , Zhou Chuanhao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The random distribution model (RDM) and uniform distribution model (UDM) were used to simulate the thermal sterilization of canned fruit. The RDM was established with the radiation function, and the stability of RDM results was analyzed by simulating temperature change during thermal sterilization and determining the sterilization parameter F value of the slowest heating zone (SHZ). The performance of the distribution models in simulating thermal sterilization heating process of canned fruit with different shapes was studied using the UDM and RDM of canned yellow peach (hemispherical shell), pear (sphere), and coconut (cube). Simulation results were compared with experimental results. The flow field and temperature field distributions were used in analyzing the influence of fruits shape on the accuracy of the models. The simulation results of different RDMs were consistent with the temperature change and F value, indicating that the RDMs had stable simulation results. When the contact between two types of fruit was a point, the UDM can be used in the numerical simulation of thermal sterilization. When the contact was a non-point, the RDM was more accurate in simulating thermal sterilization. This study provides constructive suggestions for the simulation of thermal sterilization of canned fruit with different shapes.