bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline genetic distinctiveness supports structured populations of thornback ray in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Melis Riccardo , Vacca Laura , Cariani Alessia , Carugati Laura , Charilaou Charis , Di Crescenzo Simone , Ferrari Alice , Follesa Maria Cristina , Mancusi Cecilia , Pinna Valentina , Serena Fabrizio , Sion Letizia , Tinti Fausto , Cannas Rita 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The thornback ray (Raja clavata) is the most important chondrichthyan in terms of landings in the Mediterranean Sea. Intense harvesting may induce negative genetic effects reducing the resilience of overfished species. For this reason, genetic diversity information should be considered in fisheries management and conservation policies.
Microsatellite markers were used to unravel the genetic features (variability, connectivity, sex‐biased dispersal) of R. clavata populations, both at the small (around the coast of Sardinia, western Mediterranean Sea) and larger spatial scales (at the pan‐Mediterranean level, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea).
Individual clustering, multivariate and variance analyses rejected the hypothesis of genetic homogeneity, with significant genetic differences between Mediterranean and Atlantic rays, as well as within the Mediterranean Sea between its western and eastern basins. The data indicated that both the Strait of Gibraltar and the Sicilian Channel seem to be effective in limiting the dispersal of thornback ray individuals, but a further structuring was identified, with the significant genetic differentiation of the populations located in the Algero‐Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins. Such a fine‐scale arrangement suggests the occurrence of additional barriers to species dispersal. A lack of significant genetic differentiation, stable over the years, was measured at a local scale among R. clavata Sardinian samples.
Several possible mechanisms, both biological and abiotic (e.g. migratory behaviour, waterfronts and oceanographic discontinuities), are discussed. Overall, the genetic data presented, both at the local and regional level, could represent the baseline information for the temporal monitoring of populations and assessing the effects of present or future fisheries‐related management actions.
The data obtained are information of paramount importance for minimizing the gaps in our current knowledge of the genetic diversity of thornback rays and maximizing the information needed for the correct protection of R. clavata populations.
Forecasting extreme negative returns in gold and silver: A discrete‐duration approach to POT models
Authors: Bień‐Barkowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSudden and massive drops in precious metal prices severely impact the investment risk on these commodity markets. In this study, we examine the dynamics of extreme negative returns on gold and silver, as well as propose the discrete‐duration version of the autoregressive conditional duration peaks‐over‐threshold (ACD‐POT) model for measuring market risk. The model is tailored for the dynamics of extreme events in precious metal markets; this is because it can exhibit both the strong clustering of extreme‐event days, and the serial correlation in the magnitudes of extreme losses. From an econometric perspective, our approach complements the existing dynamic versions of POT models; this is so that the time interval (i.e., duration) between the extreme negative returns is treated not as a continuous variable, but as a discrete one. The discrete hazard function in our model represents the daily extreme loss event probability and it can be used to derive one‐day‐ahead forecasts of both the value at risk and expected shortfall for investments in gold and silver. Formal backtesting methods show that the discretized version of the POT model has a superior in‐sample fit and forecasting performance than the continuous‐duration POT models.
Studying the impact of cell age on the yeast growth behaviour ofSaccharomyces pastorianusvar.carlsbergensisby magnetic separation
Authors: Eigenfeld Marco , Wittmann Leonie , Kerpes Roland , Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the fact that yeast is a widely used microorganism in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, the impact of viability and age distribution on cultivation performance has yet to be fully understood. For a detailed analysis of fermentation performance and physiological state, we introduced a method of magnetic batch separation to isolate daughter and mother cells from a heterogeneous culture. By binding functionalised iron oxide nanoparticles, it is possible to separate the chitin‐enriched bud scars by way of a linker protein. This reveals that low viability cultures with a high daughter cell content perform similarly to a high viability culture with a low daughter cell content. Magnetic separation results in the daughter cell fraction (>95%) showing a 21% higher growth rate in aerobic conditions than mother cells and a 52% higher rate under anaerobic conditions. These findings emphasise the importance of viability and age during cultivation and are the first step towards improving the efficiency of yeast‐based processes.
Guided Isolation of New Cytotoxic Cassane Diterpenoids from Caesalpinia sappan
Authors: Jin Yue , Tong Zi‐Wei , Gao Hui‐Yuan , Wu Zhao‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGuided by an MS/MS‐based molecular networking, six undescribed cassane diterpenoids and three known ones were isolated and identified from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Their structures were unequivocally elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Cytotoxic evaluation showed that phanginin JA exhibited significant antiproliferative activities against human non‐small cell lung cancer (A549) cells with IC50 values of 16.79±0.83 μM. Further flow cytometry analysis revealed that phanginin JA could exert apoptotic effect of A549 cells by arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase.
Development of LpxH Inhibitors Chelating the Active Site Dimanganese Metal Cluster of LpxH
Authors: Kwak Seung‐Hwa , Skyler Cochrane C. , Cho Jae , Dome Patrick A. , Ennis Amanda F. , Kim Jea Hyun , Zhou Pei , Hong Jiyong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the widespread emergence of multidrug‐resistant nosocomial Gram‐negative bacterial infections and the major public health threat it brings, no new class of antibiotics for Gram‐negative pathogens has been approved over the past five decades. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for developing effective novel antibiotics against multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative pathogens by targeting previously unexploited pathways in these bacteria. To fulfill this crucial need, we have been investigating a series of sulfonyl piperazine compounds targeting LpxH, a dimanganese‐containing UDP‐2,3‐diacylglucosamine hydrolase in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway, as novel antibiotics against clinically important Gram‐negative pathogens. Inspired by a detailed structural analysis of our previous LpxH inhibitors in complex with K. pneumoniae LpxH (KpLpxH), here we report the development and structural validation of the first‐in‐class sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors, JH‐LPH‐45 (8) and JH‐LPH‐50 (13), that achieve chelation of the active site dimanganese cluster of KpLpxH. The chelation of the dimanganese cluster significantly improves the potency of JH‐LPH‐45 (8) and JH‐LPH‐50 (13). We expect that further optimization of these proof‐of‐concept dimanganese‐chelating LpxH inhibitors will ultimately lead to the development of more potent LpxH inhibitors for targeting multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative pathogens.
Precise event sampling‐based data locality tools for AMD multicore architectures
Authors: Sasongko Muhammad Aditya , Chabbi Milind , Kelly Paul H. J. , Unat Didem 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe propose ComDetective, an inter‐thread communication analyzer, and ReuseTracker, a reuse distance analyzer, that leverage the hardware features in AMD processors to support low‐overhead profiling. Both tools employ the instruction‐based sampling (IBS) facility and debug registers in AMD processors to detect inter‐thread communication and data reuse. Different from prior arts, ComDetective differentiates the communication into true and false sharing, and ReuseTracker measures reuse distance in private and shared caches by also considering cache line invalidation with low overhead. Both tools can attribute the communications and reuses to source code lines. To our knowledge these tools are two of the few profiling tools designed specifically for AMD x86 architectures using IBS. Our tools are timely and relevant considering the rise in numbers of AMD processor based data centers and HPC systems. We perform experiments to evaluate the accuracy and overheads of the proposed tools on an AMD machine with two‐socket EPYC 7352 processors. ComDetective exhibits high accuracy while introducing 5.14 runtime and 1.4 memory overheads. ReuseTracker also displays high accuracy, which is 95%, with 11.76 runtime and 1.46 memory overheads. These overheads are much lower than the overheads of existing simulators and code instrumentation‐based tools. Lastly, we demonstrate the usage of the tools by having ComDetective and ReuseTracker facilitate the code refactoring of two data mining benchmarks to improve their performance by up to 29%.
A framework for deep neural network multiuser authorization based on channel pruning
Authors: Wang Linna , Song Yunfei , Zhu Yujia , Xia Daoxun , Han Guoquan 
Published: April 2023

SummaryVarious deep neural network (DNN) model watermarks have been proposed by researchers to verify copyrights for deep neural networks DNN. However, most DNN watermarking methods cannot prevent attackers from stealing and using the model. Unlike many existing approaches, this paper uses a channel pruning algorithm to protect DNN models, which verifies DNN models copyrights but also prevents the illegal use of DNN models. In this work, the pruning threshold or pruning rate is used as the secret key of a DNN model. After the secret key is distributed to multiple users, they prune the DNN model with the secret key, and the pruned and fine‐tuned model is provided to the users. The users can verify ownership of the model according to the pruning accuracy and fine‐tuning accuracy. If the secret key is incorrect, the accuracy of the model after fine‐tuning will be very low, and users will be unable to use the reasoning function of the fine‐tuned model. Based on the CIFAR‐10 and CIFAR‐100 datasets, we conducted experiments on five popular DNN models. The experimental results show that we can authorize multiple users by pruning very few channels in the convolution layers of the DNN model.
TRACE‐seq: Rapid, Low‐Input, One‐Tube RNA‐seq Library Construction Based on Tagmentation of RNA/DNA Hybrids
Authors: Lu Bo , Yi Chengqi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTn5 transposase has been widely used to simultaneously fragment and tag double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) with sequencing adaptors in library construction for next‐generation sequencing. Recently, we demonstrated that Tn5 transposase also possesses tagmentation activity toward RNA/DNA hybrids, in addition to its canonical dsDNA substrates. Based on this new activity, we are able to skip multiple laborious and time‐consuming steps in traditional RNA‐seq methods, and rapid, low‐input, cost‐effective, one‐tube RNA‐seq library construction is thus enabled. The libraries constructed by Transposase‐assisted RNA/DNA hybrids Co‐tagmEntation (termed “TRACE‐seq”) demonstrate excellent performance in terms of gene expression measurement and differential gene expression analysis. Here, we present detailed protocols for TRACE‐seq that will be broadly useful for the study of RNA biology and biomedical research. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Total RNA preparationBasic Protocol 2: TRACE‐seq library constructionSupport Protocol: Tn5 transposome assembly
Sustainability reporting in banks: History of studies and a conceptual framework for thinking about the future by learning from the past
Authors: Baldissera Annalisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe importance of sustainability reporting has grown steadily over time and banks, as intermediaries in the capital allocation, are significantly involved in the issue. By analyzing the development of studies on banks' sustainability reporting over the past 30 years, this contribution aims to set up a conceptual framework for guiding historical research and glimpsing future directions. Most of the literature on sustainability reporting is organized by specific topics and rarely by periods, while research in this area suffers from the lack of historical analysis models. The study addresses these two research gaps by applying the historical approach both to a structured literature review and to the interpretation of the results. The theoretical utility of the study consists in the development of a conceptual framework for historical research, while its practical relevance lies in indicating to banks and lawmakers the critical issues and opportunities of the ongoing regulatory changes.
Pathways towards Achieving High Current Density Water Electrolysis: from Material Perspective to System Configuration
Authors: Domalanta Marcel Roy , Bamba Jaira Neibel , Matienzo DJ Donn , del Rosario‐Paraggua Julie Anne , Ocon Joey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen is a clean, flexible, powerful energy vector that can be leveraged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Additionally, green hydrogen production has been recognized as one of the most prevalent solutions to decarbonize the energy system. Water electrolysis studies have increased throughout the decade as higher industrial interest comes into play. The catalyst, system design, and configuration act in a congenial manner to deliver high‐performing water electrolysis. Despite performance targets peaking at high current densities, the current status of water electrolyzer technologies would require more research efforts to achieve such goals. This work presents a comprehensive review of how catalysts and electrolyzer designs can be enhanced to attain high current density water electrolysis. Modification strategies of catalysts, advances in characterization and modelling, and optimizing system designs are highlighted. Furthermore, this paper aims to elucidate the future research direction of water electrolysis to bridge the laboratory‐to‐industry gap.
Biomass Derived, Hierarchically Porous, Activated Starbons® as Adsorbents for Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Baird Victoria , Barker Ryan E. , Longhurst Benjamin , McElroy C. Rob , Meng Siyu , North Michael , Wang Junzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of potassium hydroxide activated Starbons® derived from starch and alginic acid as adsorbents for 29 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated. In every case, the alginic acid derived Starbon (A800K2) was found to be the optimal adsorbent, significantly outperforming both commercial activated carbon and starch derived, activated Starbon (S800K2). The saturated adsorption capacity of A800K2 depends on both the size of the VOC and the functional groups it contains. The highest saturated adsorption capacities were obtained with small VOCs. For VOC's of similar size, the presence of polarizable electrons in lone pairs or π‐bonds within non‐polar VOCs was beneficial. Analysis of porosimetry data suggests that the VOC's are being adsorbed within the pore structure of A800K2 rather than just on its surface. The adsorption was completely reversible by thermal treatment of the saturated Starbon under vacuum.
Waves propagating parallel to the magnetic field in relativistically hot plasmas: A hydrodynamic model with the average reverse gamma factor evolution
Authors: Andreev Pavel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe high‐frequency part of the dispersion dependence of electromagnetic waves propagating parallel to the external magnetic field in the plasma is considered. The plasma is macroscopically motionless, but has relativistic temperatures , where is the electron rest mass and, is the speed of light. The analysis is based on a novel hydrodynamic model based on four equations for the recently developed material fields (Andreev, Phys. Scr., 2022, 97, 085602). These material fields are the concentration, velocity field, average reverse relativistic factor, and the flux of the reverse relativistic factor. In the nonrelativistic regime, there are three transverse waves (the ions are motionless). In this study, we trace the charge of these properties under the influence of relativistic effects. Strong thermal effects lead to a coefficient in front of the cyclotron frequency, which decreases its effective contribution of the cyclotron frequency. At , we have a decrease in the existence area of the fast magneto‐sound wave from the area of large frequencies. However, the existence area of extraordinary waves becomes larger at smaller frequencies. In the strong magnetic field limit , an additional wave appears with a frequency below the thermally decreased cyclotron frequency, where is the electron cyclotron frequency, and is the Langmuir frequency. A further increase in the temperature leads to the disappearance of fast magneto‐sound waves and to a considerable increase in the existence area of the extraordinary waves towards smaller frequencies.
Belotero: What we know now
Authors: Shope Chelsea , Andrews Laura , Snyder Alan , Schlesinger Todd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBelotero® Balance is a monophasic, polydensified hyaluronic acid gel filler (HAF) with a cross‐linked with 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether. Belotero uses a unique, two‐step cross‐linking process yielding a highly cross‐linked, cohesive gel with characteristic soft, smooth, flowing quality. Belotero is the only monophasic, polydensified gel currently approved by the FDA. It is highly efficacious for correction of very fine lines. Belotero Balance is formulated free from lidocaine, and thus should be avoided for injections in nerve‐dense areas. Like other HAFs, the side effect profile of Belotero is minimal, and the product is temporary and reversible with hyaluronidase.ConclusionIn this chapter we discuss Belotero's FDA approval, uses and indications, efficacy as compared to other HAFs, and adverse effects, as well as new products on the horizon.
So where do you see this going? The effects of commitment asymmetry and asynchrony on relationship satisfaction and break‐up
Authors: Dobson Kiersten , Ogolsky Brian G. , Stanton Sarah C. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiscrepancies in partners’ commitment have been emphasized as a key factor involved in relationship instability. We tested the contributions of multiple types of commitment asymmetry (discrepancies between partners at one time point) and asynchrony (discrepancies in the progression of commitment over time) to relationship satisfaction and break‐up. In three studies (N = 6960 couples) spanning months (Study 1), days (Study 2) and years (Study 3), commitment asymmetry and asynchrony consistently did not predict satisfaction or break‐up when controlling for individuals and their partners’ commitment. Only one's own commitment and proportion of downturns in commitment (reporting lower commitment than the previous time point) consistently predicted satisfaction. Women's (but not men's) commitment and proportion of downturns were associated (negatively and positively, respectively) with break‐up. Thus, contrary to some significant previous findings, commitment asymmetry and asynchrony are not indicative of future relationship outcomes. Our findings have important implications for theoretical models of commitment and couples’ practical issues in relationships over time.
Not just in the past: Racist and sexist biases still permeate biology, anthropology, medicine, and education
Authors: Diogo Rui , Adesomo Adeyemi , Farmer Kimberly S. , Kim Rachel J. , Jackson Fatimah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that some areas of science, such as anthropology, have been plagued by racist, Western‐centric, and/or sexist biases. Unfortunately, an acculturation process to racism and sexism has been occurring for generations leading to systemic inequities that will take a long time to disappear. Here, we highlight the existence of current examples of racism, Western‐centrism and sexism within: (1) the most popular anatomical atlases used in biological, anthropological and medical education; (2) prominent natural history museums and World Heritage Sites; (3) biological and anthropological scientific research publications; and (4) popular culture and influential children's books and educational materials concerning human biology and evolution.
Mobile mechanical signal generator for macrophage polarization
Authors: Jiang Jiamiao , Wang Fei , Huang Weichang , Sun Jia , Ye Yicheng , Ou Juanfeng , Liu Meihuan , Gao Junbin , Wang Shuanghu , Fu Dongmei , Chen Bin , Liu Lu , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe importance of mechanical signals in regulating the fate of macrophages is gaining increased attention recently. However, the recently used mechanical signals normally rely on the physical characteristics of matrix with non‐specificity and instability or mechanical loading devices with uncontrollability and complexity. Herein, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of self‐assembled microrobots (SMRs) based on magnetic nanoparticles as local mechanical signal generators for precise macrophage polarization. Under a
rotating magnetic field (RMF), the propulsion of SMRs occurs due to the elastic deformation via magnetic force and hydrodynamics. SMRs perform wireless navigation toward the targeted macrophage in a controllable manner and subsequently rotate around the cell for mechanical signal generation. Macrophages are eventually polarized from M0 to anti‐inflammatory related M2 phenotypes by blocking the Piezo1‐activating protein‐1 (AP‐1）‐CCL2 signaling pathway. The as‐developed microrobot system provides a new platform of mechanical signal loading for macrophage polarization, which holds great potential for precise regulation of cell fate.‐
Cheirostylis yunnanensis var. gloriae, an interesting new caterpillar orchid from Hong Kong, China
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Gale Stephan W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new variety of Yunnan caterpillar orchid, Cheirostylis yunnanensis var. gloriae, is described from Hong Kong. This variety differs from the typical variety, which also occurs locally, in details of the epichile, petals, column, and pollinarium. Additionally, the two varieties show spatial separation without evidence of sympatry at the site level within the small land area of Hong Kong. A detailed diagnosis, full description, list of specimens examined, conservation assessment, and notes on phenology, etymology, and habitat are provided. The new variety is named after Mrs. Gloria Barretto, an eminent expert of Hong Kong orchids, and it is assessed as Critically Endangered following IUCN guidelines. After a detailed review of all available literature, it is also revealed that prior records of C. liukiuensis in Hong Kong probably pertain to C. jamesleungii. Notes are provided to clarify the distinction between these two taxa, and a key to all members of this genus now confirmed in Hong Kong is presented together with color plates to aid identification.