bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete optimal quadratic AGC based cost functional minimization for interconnected power systems
Authors: Esmail M. , Krishnamurthy S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increasing complexity and difficulty of the Automatic generation control (AGC) problem has resulted from the increasing scale of interconnected power networks and changing daily demands. The primary goals of AGC are to control frequency variations at nominal levels and tie-line power variances at planned levels. To effectively deal with AGC control difficulties, this study introduces Discrete Optimal Quadratic Automatic Generation Control (OQAGC). One advantages of this method is the differentiation of quadratic cost function results into linear terms while minimizing control actions and minimizing state deviations. This developed control method leads to a simple and easy discrete control law that can be implemented for both linear and nonlinear systems. For optimizing the controller, this research work utilized an optimum control theorem using Lagrangian multipliers, while the functional minimization technique is used for systematically selecting the state and control weighting matrices in discrete form for N control regions (where N is the number of interconnected power systems). The discrete cost function needs are derived using this technique in terms of area control errors, integral area control errors, and control energy expenditure. Four interconnected power systems were analyzed with/without disturbances and area control errors, each with one thermal, hydro, and gas-generating unit. A two-area multi-source power system with renewable energy in control area 2 is analyzed for the performance of the proposed controller with generation rate constraints (GRCs). The functional minimization technique simplifies and eases the choosing of weighting matrices. Furthermore, the simulation findings suggest that the developed discrete optimum quadratic AGC control-based cost functional minimization approach enhances power system dynamics in terms of stability, steady-state performance, and the closed-loop control system's robustness to input load disturbances. As a result, the newly developed OQAGC approach demonstrates the significance of the discrete LQR controller for N multi-area power systems.
Association between knee osteoarthritis and the risk of cardiovascular disease and the synergistic adverse effects of lack of exercise
Authors: Park Dojoon , Park Yong-Moon , Ko Seung-Hyun , Choi Youn-Ho , Min Dong-Uk , Ahn Jae-Hyun , Kim Bongseong , Koh Hae-Seok , Han Kyungdo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether knee OA is associated with CVD risk and all-cause death and to evaluate whether the association differs by exercise behavior. We used Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) database and included 201,466 participants (7572 subjects diagnosed with knee OA) who underwent health screening between 2009 and 2015. Those who had been diagnosed with knee OA or CVD before the index year were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used after adjusting for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors to evaluate the association between knee OA and CVD risk and all-cause death. Stratification analysis was further performed to determine the effect of exercise behavior on this relationship. During a median follow-up of 7.06 ± 2.24 years, 8743 CVD (2510 MI and 6553 stroke) cases developed. Individuals with knee OA had increased risks of CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.38], myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44), and stroke (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.43) compared with those without knee OA. Those with knee OA who did not exercise had an increased risk of CVD (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11–1.40), whereas no significant increased CVD risk was observed in those with knee OA who exercised at least once a week (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.96–1.28). There was no association between knee osteoarthritis and all-cause death. Knee OA was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD. Lack of exercise might have a synergistic adverse effect on the association between knee OA and CVD.
Risk of gout attack not increased in patients with thalassemia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Jing-Wen , Xu Qiang , Yang Pei-Dan , Huang Jing-Yang , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe incidence of gout arthritis in patients with thalassemia and the association between them was indefinite. We aimed to give epidemiological evidence regarding the association between thalassemia and gout arthritis. This retrospective cohort study extracted data relating to the risk of gout arthritis from patients diagnosed with thalassemia between 2000 and 2013. We selected the control group at a ratio of 1:4 by propensity score matching (PSM). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to analyze the association between thalassemia and gout arthritis and to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of gout arthritis after exposure with thalassemia. The sensitivity analysis was performed to avoid the mislabeled thalassemia disease, the transfusion-dependent thalassemia was classified to compare the risk of gout arthritis. The secondary outcome for the risk of gout arthritis with antigout drugs treatment was also evaluated between study groups. In the age and sex matched cohort, the majority of thalassemia patients were women (62.03%) and aged younger than 30 years old (44.79%). There were 138 (4.2%) and 500 (3.8%) incident cases of gout arthritis in the thalassemia and non-thalassemia group. After PSM, the incidence rate, per 100 person-years, of gout arthritis was 0.48 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.56) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.72) in non-thalassemia individuals and patients with thalassemia, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazard regression, patients with thalassemia had no significant increase in the risk of gout arthritis (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95%CI: 0.80 to 1.25) after adjusting demographic variables and comorbidities. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the cumulative incidence of gout arthritis was not a significant difference in the thalassemia group than in the comparison group (p > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis showed the consistent results about the risk of gout arthritis in patients with thalassemia. Our study indicated that there was no significant increase in the risk of gout arthritis in subjects with thalassemia.Future research needs to clarify the biological mechanisms behind this connection.
The impact of feeding supplemental minerals to sheep on the return of micronutrients to pasture via urine and faeces
Authors: Kao P.-T. , Fleming H. , Warren H. , Darch T. , McGrath S. P. , Buss H. L. , Lee M. R. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe form (organic versus inorganic) of minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn), supplemented to sheep (Charolais × Suffolk-Mule (mean weight = 57 ± 2.9 kg) at two European industrial doses, on the return of micronutrients to pasture via nutrient partitioning and composition in sheep urine and faeces was investigated. This gave four treatments in total with 6 animals per treatment (n = 24). The form of the supplemented minerals did not influence the excretory partitioning of micronutrients (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) between urine and faeces, nor on their concentrations in the excreta. The two doses trialed however, may influence the Se flux in the environment through altering the ratios of Se:P and Se:S ratios in the faeces and Se:S ratio in the urine. Administration of the mineral supplements also improved the retention of P in sheep reducing its excretion via urine. Although the concentrations of readily bioavailable micronutrients in the faeces were not affected by the mineral forms, there were differences in the more recalcitrant fractions of Se, Zn and Cu (as inferred via a sequential extraction) in faeces when different forms of supplemental minerals were offered. The potential impact of these differences on micronutrient flux in pasture requires further investigation.
An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres
Authors: Fathy Mohamed M. , Elfiky Abdo A. , Bashandy Yousef S. , Hamdy Mayar M. , Elgharib Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Kamal Rana T. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Rashad Anan M. , Ahmed Ola S. , Elkaramany Yomna , Abdelaziz Youssef S. , Amin Fatma G. , Eid Jehane I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBoth gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug. The biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of prepared nano-formulations were tested on Hela and normal BHK cell line. Gold nanospheres coated with citrate and gallate were synthesized via wet chemical reduction method. The prepared nano-formulations, citrate and gallate coated gold nanospheres (Cit-AuNPs and Ga-AuNPs), were characterized with respect to their morphology, FTIR spectra, and physical properties. In addition, to assess their cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and flow cytometry to measure biological response were performed. Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs were shown to significantly reduce the viability of Hela cancer cells. Both G0/G cell cycle arrest and comet assay results showed that genotoxic effect was induced in Hela cells by Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs. The results of this study showed that Cit-Au NPs and Ga-AuNPs inhibit the growth of metastatic cervical cancer cells, which could have therapeutic implications.
Direct observation of electric field-induced magnetism in a molecular magnet
Authors: Lewkowitz M. , Adams J. , Sullivan N. S. , Wang Ping , Shatruk M. , Zapf V. , Arvij Ali Sirusi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report the direct observation of an electrically-induced magnetic susceptibility in the molecular nano- magnet [Fe3O(O2CPh)6(py)3]ClO4·py, an Fe3 trimer. This magnetoelectric effect results from the breaking of spatial inversion symmetry due to the spin configurations of the antiferromagnetic trimer. Both static and very low frequency electric fields were used. Fractional changes of the magnetic susceptibility of 11 ppb$$\pm 2$$

±
2

per kVm-1 for the temperature range 8.5 < T < 13.5 K were observed for applied electric fields up to 62 kV m−1. The changes in susceptibility were measured using a tunnel diode oscillator operating at liquid helium temperatures while the sample is held at a higher regulated temperature.
Calculation of active earth pressure on external corners with equal length on both sides in excavation engineering
Authors: Long Zhao , Zeng Hao , Ye Shuaihua , Li Weili 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTaking the external corner with equal lengths as the research object, two failure modes of the equilateral external corner are established, and the active earth pressure calculation formula of the equilateral external corner in the limit state is further deduced when the external angle is 90°. The comparison between the theoretical calculation results and Midas/GTS simulation results shows that when the ratio of the side length B to the depth H is large, the sliding wedge failure will occur at the external corner, and the active earth pressure of the external corner in the range of wedge-shaped slider will not change with the change of size B. When the ratio of the side length B to the depth H is small, the displaced soil is composed of two parts, and the earth pressure varies with the change of size B. In this paper, the magnitude and distribution law of the active earth pressure obtained by the horizontal micro-layered limit equilibrium analysis method is similar to the three-dimensional simulation value of the Midas/GTS software, which can prove the feasibility and rationality of the theoretical calculation.
Combination of treatments with transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for Graves’ disease
Authors: Wu Yi-Ju , Chang Yen-Hsiang , Tsai Chiajen , Chan Yi-Chia , Chi Shun-Yu , Chou Fong-Fu , Lin Wei-Che , Yang Yi Ting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the success rates of non-surgical treatments for Graves’ disease such as antithyroid medication and radioiodine ablation were good, there were still failure of treatments or intolerance for some patients. Traditional thyroid surgery could treat these patients but result in unaesthetic neck scars. Herein, we report the preliminary results of our combination of treatments with the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach for Graves’ disease. A retrospective review of patients who underwent the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach for the treatment of different sizes of goiters between January 2019 and December 2020 was performed. The demographic and clinical data of patients were collected. All patients were followed up for > 12 months. Each patient’s goiter size was determined using four grades—from 0 to 3. In total, 14 female patients receiving the combination treatment with > 1 year of follow-up and a median (range) age of 35 (20–48) years at surgery were included. There were two, three, four, and five patients with grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 goiters, respectively. The median (range) intraoperative blood loss was higher in grade 3 patients (100 [20–850] mL) than in grade 2 patients (20 [10–200] mL) and grade 1 and 0 patients (both < 10 mL) (p = 0.033). All patients had normal-looking necks with a euthyroid or hypothyroid status within 1 year. There were no complications, including re-operation for bleeding, hypoparathyroidism, vocal cord palsy, or infections. The designed combination treatment with the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach for Graves’ disease provides optimal cosmetic results with a high success rate.
Ischemic stroke protected by ISO-1 inhibition of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Ji Wanli , Ren Yaoxin , Wei Xiaolian , Ding Xiangxiang , Dong Yihan , Yuan Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immune mediator associated with inflammation, which is upregulated after ischemia in brain tissue. ISO-1 is a potent inhibitor of MIF tautomerase and can protect neurons by reducing the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the role of ISO-1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by establishing a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sham operation group, the ISO-1group, the cerebral I/R group, and the ISO-1 + I/R group. We assessed the degree of neurological deficit in each group and measured the volume of cerebral infarction. We detected the expression of MIF in the core necrotic area and penumbra. We detected the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (EndoG) and cytochrome c oxidase-IV (COX-IV) in the ischemic penumbra region. The results showed that MIF was expressed in the ischemic penumbra, while the injection of ISO-1 was able to alleviate neurological damage and reduce the infarction volume. In the cerebral ischemic penumbra region, ISO-1 could reduce the expression of Bax and Caspase3 and inhibit the displacement of AIF and EndoG to the nucleus simultaneously. Besides, ISO-1 also exhibited the ability to reduce apoptosis. In summary, ISO-1 may inhibit neuronal apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway and reduce the injury of brain I/R after ischemic stroke.
Mexican traditional medicines for women’s reproductive health
Authors: Cabada-Aguirre Paulina , López López Alice M. , Mendoza Keila C. Ostos , Garay Buenrostro Karen D. , Luna-Vital Diego A. , Mahady Gail B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLike China, Mexico has a traditional system of medicine dating back almost 5000 years that incorporates the healing practices of pre-Columbian civilizations, including the Maya and Aztec. Mexican Traditional Medicine (MTM) women depend on MTM practices and herbal medicines for their primary healthcare needs as limited access and high costs of Western medicine is a significant problem. The aims of this work were to determine the medicinal plants more commonly used in MTM for women’s reproductive health issues and assess the clinical data supporting their use. Data from multiple sources was compiled and information on plants commonly used by women in Mexico MTM for the treatment of fertility and menstruation issues, pregnancy, and menopause was analyzed. Analysis of the data show that 185 species of plants representing > 60 families were used for a wide range of reproductive health issues. Some of these plants have been used in MTM for fertility regulation in women of which 35 species were used as emmenagogues and abortifacients. Approximate 40 species were used for the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. In terms of pregnancy, 35 species were used for postpartum care and to facilitate breastfeeding, 16 species were used as oxytocic agents to induce labor and speed birth, and six plant species were used to prevent miscarriage. Fourteen plant species were reported to treat infertility or promote fertility, and seven species were used to treat uterine prolapse. Three plants species were reported to treat menopause and two plants were used for osteoporosis. Analysis of the clinical data for commonly used medicinal plants showed some clinical support for the use of these plants in MTM. In Mexico, women use medicinal plants for almost every aspect of reproductive health. While some plants have clinical data, most medicinal plants used in MTM have no safety or efficacy data available and could serve as the basis of future investigations.
The deficiency of poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosamine deacetylase trigger A. baumannii to convert to biofilm-independent colistin-tolerant cells
Authors: Lai Shu-Jung , Tu I-Fan , Tseng Tien-Sheng , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Wu Shih-Hsiung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that can be resistant to antibiotics by rapidly modulating its anti-drug mechanisms. The multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has been considered one of the most threatening pathogens to our society. Biofilm formation and persistent cells within the biofilm matrix are recognized as intractable problems, especially in hospital-acquired infections. Poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) is one of the important building blocks in A. baumannii’s biofilm. Here, we discover a protein phosphoryl-regulation on PNAG deacetylase, AbPgaB1, in which residue Ser411 was phosphorylated. The phosphoryl-regulation on AbPgaB1 modulates the product turnover rate in which deacetylated PNAG is produced and reflected in biofilm production. We further uncovered the PgaB deficient A. baumannii strain shows the lowest level of biofilm production but has a high minimal inhibition concentration to antibiotic colistin and tetracycline. Based on bactericidal post-antibiotic effects and time-dependent killing assays with antibacterial drugs, we claim that the PgaB-deficient A. baumannii converts to colistin-tolerant cells. This study utilizes a biofilm-independent colistin-tolerant model of A. baumannii to further investigate its characteristics and mechanisms to better understand clinical outcomes.
Functional space analyses reveal the function and evolution of the most bizarre theropod manual unguals
Authors: Qin Zichuan , Liao Chun-Chi , Benton Michael J. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManiraptoran dinosaurs include the ancestors of birds, and most used their hands for grasping and in flight, but early-branching maniraptorans had extraordinary claws of mysterious function. Alvarezsauroids had short, strong arms and hands with a stout, rock-pick-like, single functional finger. Therizinosaurians had elongate fingers with slender and sickle-like unguals, sometimes over one metre long. Here we develop a comprehensive methodological framework to investigate what the functions of these most bizarre bony claws are and how they formed. Our analysis includes finite element analysis and a newly established functional-space analysis and also involves shape and size effects in an assessment of function and evolution. We find a distinct functional divergence among manual unguals of early-branching maniraptorans, and we identify a complex relationship between their structural strength, morphological specialisations, and size changes. Our analysis reveals that efficient digging capabilities only emerged in late-branching alvarezsauroid forelimbs, rejecting the hypothesis of functional vestigial structures like T. rex. Our results also support the statement that most therizinosaurians were herbivores. However, the bizarre, huge Therizinosaurus had sickle-like unguals of such length that no mechanical function has been identified; we suggest they were decorative and lengthened by peramorphic growth linked to increased body size.
3D semantic map construction based on point cloud and image fusion
Authors: Li Huijun , Zhao Hailong , Ye Bin , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate and robust positioning and mapping are the core functions of autonomous mobile robots, and the ability to analyse and understand scenes is also an important criterion for the intelligence of autonomous mobile robots. In the outdoor environment, most robots rely on GPS positioning. When the signal is weak, the positioning error will interfere with the mapping results, making the semantic map construction less robust. This research mainly designs a semantic map construction system that does not rely on GPS signals for large outdoor scenes. It mainly designs a feature extraction scheme based on the sampling characteristics of Livox‐AVIA solid‐state LiDAR. The factor graph optimisation model of frame pose and inertial measurement unit (IMU) pre‐integrated pose, using a sliding window to fuse solid‐state LiDAR and IMU data, fuse laser inertial odometry and camera target detection results, refer to the closest point distance and curvature for semantic information. The point cloud is used for semantic segmentation to realise the construction of a 3D semantic map in outdoor scenes. The experiment verifies that laser inertial navigation odometry based on factor map optimisation has better positioning accuracy and lower overall cumulative error at turning, and the 3D semantic map obtained on this basis performs well.