bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Bentonite in Local Salt Purification
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah , Wahyuningsih Puji , Yusnawati Yusnawati 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Various purification techniques have been developed to improve the quality of local salt, especially the NaCl content of more than 94%. One of the binding materials used in salt purification is bentonite. This study aims to synthesize modified bentonite using hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and measure the metal content of NaCl, Pb, Ca, and Mg using AAS. The synthesis of activated bentonite was carried out using the hydrolysis method using 0.1 M HCl (1:10). Bentonite was separated from the filtrate and dried at 110°C for 2 hours. Bentonite, which had been activated with HCl, was dried again at 170°C for four hours. Analytical methods such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterize HCl-activated bentonite. The results of the analysis showed that the acid activation process did not change the basal spacing d001 on the bentonite diffractogram. FTIR analysis showed that there was a shift in the -OH stretching vibration towards a lower wave number and a decrease in the absorption intensity. The activation process will reduce the pore size and increase the surface area and porosity of the bentonite. The results of the AAS analysis showed that the NaCl content in the salt increased after the purification process using acid-activated bentonite, followed by a decrease in the metal content of Mg. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that HCl-activated bentonite is effectively used in the salt purification process to improve salt quality.Abstrak:Berbagai teknik pemurnian telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam lokal, khususnya kandungan NaCl besar dari 94%. Salah satu zat pengikat yang digunakan dalam pemurnian garam adalah bentonit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bentonit termodifikasi menggunakan larutan asam klorida (HCl), dan mengukur kadar logam NaCl, Pb, Ca, dan Mg menggunakan metode SSA. Sintesis bentonit teraktivasi dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrolisis menggunakan 0,1 M HCl (1:10).Bentonit dipisahkan dari filtrat dan dikeringkan pada suhu 110°C selama 2 jam. Bentonit yang telah diaktivasi dengan HCl dikeringkan kembali pada suhu 170°C selama empat jam. Metode analisis seperti XRD, FTIR, dan SEM digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi bentonit teraktivasi HCl. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses aktivasi asam tidak mengubah basal spacing d001 pada difraktogram bentonit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan terjadi pergeseran vibrasi ulur -OH ke arah bilangan gelombang yang lebih rendah dan penurunan intensitas serapan. Proses aktivasi akan memperkecil ukuran pori dan memperbesar luas permukaan serta porositas pada bentonit. Hasil analisis SSA menunjukkan bahwa kandungan NaCl pada garam mengalami peningkatan setelah proses pemurnian menggunakan bentonit teraktivasi asam yang diikuti dengan penurunan kadar logam Mg. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentonit teraktivasi HCl efektif digunakan dalam proses pemurnian garam untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam.
UNetKF: Ensemble U-Net Kalman Filter
Authors: Lu Feiyu 
Published: September 2023

Machine learning techniques have seen a tremendous rise in popularity in
weather and climate sciences. Data assimilation (DA), which combines
observations and numerical models, has great potential to incorporate
machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) techniques. In this
paper, we use U-Net, a type of convolutional neutral network (CNN), to
predict the ensemble covariances in the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF)
algorithm.
Using a 2-layer quasi-geostrophic model, U-Nets are trained using data
from existing EnKF systems. The U-Nets are then used to predict the
flow-dependent covariance matrices in U-Net Kalman Filter (UNetKF)
experiments, which are compared to traditional 3-dimensional variational
(3DVar) and EnKF methods. The performance of UNetKF can match or exceed
that of 3DVar, or EnKF with ensemble sizes up to 80. We also demonstrate
that trained U-Nets can be transferred to a higher-resolution model for
UNetKF, which again performs competitively to 3DVar and EnKF,
particularly for small ensemble sizes.
Influence of brassinosteroids on sex allocation in walnut (Juglans regia L.) flowers
Authors: Engin Hakan , Gökbayrak Zeliha 
Published: September 2023

The effect of foliar treatment with brassinosteroid (BR) on gender distribution in flowers of walnut (Juglans regia L. cv. Chandler) was investigated. Grafted walnut saplings (‘Chandler’) on the wild walnut (Juglans regia L.) rootstock were planted into 70-liter pots with a soil: peat: perlite medium and grown in pots between 2016–2020. BRs (24-epibrassinolide; EBR and 22(S), 23(S)-homobrassinolide; HBR) were applied at a concentration of 1 mg L–1 for four consecutive years at the time of flower differentiation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. The results show that BR applications could alter the sexual distribution of the walnut’s flower. BRs application significantly increased the number of total flowers and female flowers per tree. The number of female flowers was also increased by the season. The highest number of female flowers (20.9) was observed in the trees in 2020 and the application of 1 mg L–1 of HBR. It was determined that the annual growth of the plant and the increase in the number of females and total flowers were positively related. The effect of BRs indicated that the response was BR-type specific.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Cemba (Senegalia rugata) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Kelinci (Oryctogalus cuniculus)
Authors: Rahmadina Dewi , Kartab Novita Eka Putri , Indriyanti Niken 
Published: September 2023

Obat luka adalah sediaan farmasi yang membantu mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Obat luka seperti povidone iodine mengandung antiseptik untuk mencegah infeksi. Povidone iodine memiliki aktivitas bakterisidal, toksisitasnya rendah, dan harganya terjangkau. Akan tetapi pada beberapa kasus, povidone iodine dapat menimbukan alergi. Daun cemba (Senegalia rugata) adalah tanaman endemik yang secara empiris dimanfaatkan sebagai penyembuh luka terbuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil rendemen dari ekstraksi daun cemba, kemampuan ekstrak daun cemba sebagai penyembuh luka sayat, konsentrasi ekstrak daun cemba yang dapat memberikan aktivitas paling baik sebagai penyembuh luka sayat. Pengujian ini menggunakan kelinci sebagai subjek yang akan diberikan perlakuan berupa kontrol uji ekstrak daun cemba dengan varian konsentrasi basis salep yaitu 5%, 10%, dan 15%, untuk kontrol pembanding digunakan kontrol negatif berupa basis, kontrol positif berupa salep betadine, dan kontrol normal. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan besar rendemen ekstrak daun cemba sebesar 31,82%. Hasil skrinning fitokimia yang dilakukan, diketahui ekstrak daun cemba mengandung metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan saponin. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun cemba konsentrasi 5% dan kontrol positif dapat menyembuhkan luka pada ± hari ke-10.
« LE TANDEM ET LA COMPÉTENCE PLURILINGUE : la chanson »
Authors: Rubio Platero M. Liliana 
Published: September 2023

PROPOSITION D´ARTICLE
La pandémie de COVID-19 a fait subir aux systèmes éducatifs un choc sans précédent dans l’histoire, bouleversant la vie d’élèves et d’étudiants dans tous les continents. Cette crise a stimulé l’innovation dans le secteur éducatif.
La période de confinement, dans la pluspart de pays, a conduit aux enseignants de langues vivantes du Secondaire, à passer dans l’urgence du présentiel au distanciel. Cet événement inédit a engagé ces derniers à expérimenter sans préparation une situation de perte des repères qui définissent l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues vivantes en collège et lycée.
À partir du 16 mars 2020, l’utilisation des TICE par les enseignants de langues vivantes ne relevait ainsi plus d’une injonction théorique (Guichon, 2012 ; Nissen, 2019; Soubrié, 2016; Vallaud-Belkacem, 2017), mais elle était imposée comme seule voie possible pour assurer la continuité pédagogique et il est nous avons vu naître des initiatives innovantes, qui ont permis la poursuite d’activités d’enseignement et de formation – à la radio, à la télévision ou sous la forme de kits pédagogiques pour la maison.
Compte tenu de cette situation inédite, ma proposition veut obtenir de données à la façon dont les enseignants de langues vivantes du secondaire faisaient l’expérience d’un enseignement exclusivement à distance imposé dans l’urgence. L’une des principales difficultés des enseignants de langues vivantes ressortissait à l’absence de face à face en présentiel. On pourrait dire que ces résultats font écho à ce qu’avait déclaré Jacquinot-Delaunay (2001 : 188), il y a une vingtaine d’années .
D´un autre côté, dans le cadre d´une recherche doctorale et de mon activité professionnelle comme professeure de FLE en Espagne, j´ai entrepris un projet d´apprentissage des LE en tandem à distance avec une collègue enseignante d´ELE en Nouvelle-Calédonie, une collaboration transcontinentale visant à répondre aux besoins issus du confinement, mais aussi à atteindre d´autres objectifs aussi importants : la motivation, l´interaction avec des locuteurs natifs, les échanges culturels et, surtout, la facilitation de l´apprentissage. Le projet est actuellement en cours, mais je voudrais le présenter et partager ses premiers résultats.
Le projet, en tandem avec des chansons bilangues est actuellement en cours, mais nous pouvons le présenter et partager ses premiers résultats.
What Would Happen If…?
Authors: Bruno Gianna 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I will discuss the implications of a hypothetical case that would allow the Environmental Protection Agency to first, regulate greenhouse gasses, and second, interpret 42 U.S. Code § 7411 to call for a constant decrease of greenhouse gas emissions and require the shutdown of all coal-fired plants in the United States. I will also discuss opinions on the Inflation Reduction Act, which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, and could pave the way for a hypothetical such as this to become a reality
The Halachic Mandate for Gender Affirming Care: Examining the Potential Efficacy of Religious Liberty Claims made by Jewish Health Care Providers
Authors: Block Daniel 
Published: September 2023

In the wake of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, many states enacted anti-abortion statutes which could be challenged by Jewish individuals and institutions who believe that such laws threaten their religious liberties.229 Although a valiant effort, it is necessary to take a precautionary approach to challenging such laws on grounds of religious freedom, for successfully doing so could have reeling effects on LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and other marginalized communities. This article takes a bottom-up approach to such claims and investigates whether a religious liberty argument can and should be made against anti-trans laws.
On America’s Inexplicit Dignity
Authors: Rotenberg Joshua 
Published: September 2023

While the United States explicitly protects many rights, it holds a few as unenumerated rights. This paper seeks to explain the lack of a constitutional right to dignity in America, and argue for such a right. The U.S. common law system allows rights to be developed only after a case of first impression. Nonetheless, some rights-violations are so detrimental to democratic function that a case of first impression must not be required and preemptive protections must be put in place. The right to dignity is such a right.
Abortion in the United States: The Road to Vague Legislation
Authors: Bruno Gianna 
Published: September 2023

Roe v. Wade was one of the first landmark cases instituting abortion policies in the United States. While legislation regarding abortion has been modified since 1973, the state of the nation has also changed as it has become increasingly polarized. Abortion legislation was introduced as an attempt to solve a privacy issue. However, over time, the discourse around abortion turned away from its legality in terms of privacy to also include discussion about healthcare and the morality of the legislation itself. Vague legislation yields uncertainty for the future of abortion policies
ÂŞIK VEYSEL’İN ŞİİRLERİNDE GEÇEN SOSYAL-TOPLUMSAL VE ULUSAL-MİLLİ DEĞERLERİN WARD’S BAĞLANTI YÖNTEMİYLE SINIFLANDIRILMASI VE İŞLENİŞİ
Authors: ÇAKIR Ramazan 
Published: September 2023

Sağlıklı iletişim kurulabilen, yaşanılabilir bir dünya ve iyi bir toplum için toplumsal ve evrensel değerlerin yeni nesillere kazandırılması günümüzde daha önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Değerlerin oluşmasında ve aktarılmasında en büyük rolleri; okul, aile ve sosyal çevrenin oynadığını söyleyebiliriz. Özellikle Türkçe derslerinde okutulan ve dinlenen şiirlerin, edebi metinlerin, fablların, hikâyelerin, masalların vb. değerlerin yaşatılmasında ve kişileri geleceğe hazırlamasında kalıcı etkisi bulunmaktadır. Değer aktarımı açısından metinlerin işlevi ve önemi oldukça büyüktür. Günlük hayattaki birçok etik değerler ve öğretiler edebi-didaktik metinler aracılığıyla öğrencilere aktarılmakta ve davranışlarında olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır.
Çalışmanın amacı, Âşık Veysel’in şiirlerinde geçen sosyal-toplumsal ve ulusal-milli değerleri örnekleriyle ortaya koymak, tasnif etmek ve öneriler geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada MEB sınıflandırmasındaki 27 değer, ward’s bağlantı yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İncelenen şiirlerdeki değerler iki bölüm, 12 başlık altında sınıflandırılmış ve tablo haline getirilmiştir. Çalışmada Âşık Veysel’in “Dostlar Beni Hatırlasın” adlı şiir kitabındaki 140 şiiri incelenmiş ve şiirlerde yer alan “sosyal-toplumsal ve ulusal-milli” değerlerin tespiti yapılmıştır. Şiirlerde sosyal-toplumsal değerlere 61 kez yer verilirken ulusal-milli değerlere 50 kez yer verildiği görülmüştür.
Implimentasi UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi My Pertamina Dan Pandangannya Menurut Teori Kemaslahatan
Authors: Nasution Rafiq Rahadi , Irwansyah Irwansyah 
Published: September 2023

My Pertamina adalah aplikasi yang diluncurkan dalam rangka program digitalisasi untuk memastikan proses penyaluran BBM subsidi benar-benar tepat sasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui implimentasi UU UU No 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen terhadap penggunaan aplikasi My Pertamina dan pandangannya menurut teori kemaslahatan. Hasilnya Menunjukkan bahwa UU No 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen belum terimplimentasi dengan baik serta tidak difungsikan oleh pemerintah sebagai bahan pedoman dalam pembuatan program aplikasi My Pertamina, hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya ketentuan pasal pada UU ini tidak terealisasikan melalui aplikasi My pertamina seperti hak kenyamanan dan keamanan, serta penggunaan aplikasi ini ternilai sebuah paksaan yang hal itu sangat bertentang dengan UU tersebut. Berdasarkan teori Kemaslahatan UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan Konsumen sebenarnya muatan pasal nya sudah memuat unsur- unsur kemaslahatan yaitu adanya Hak- Hak konsumen seperti hak keamanan, perlindungan barang/jasa, kenyamanan, hak memperoleh informasi yang jelas serta hak untuk diberikan jaminan atas layaknya suatu barang/jasa yang telah kita beli. Namun secara prakteknya melalui Program Aplikasi My Pertamina masih belum berada pada kategori Kebijakan yang mengandung unsur- unsur kemaslahatan dikarenakan Aplikasi My Pertamina tersebut masih menimbulkan permasalahan-permasalahan di lingkungan masyarakat.
Interoperabilitas antar matra dalam skema perang berlarut
Authors: Nakir M , Prayitno Arief , Gunawan Ridwan 
Published: September 2023

<span lang="EN-US">The discourse on the development of the military strategy nowdays is inseparable from the globalization. Defense experts are faced with an increasing trend of international system instability and it is increasingly difficult to predict. The presence of new technology also influences the characteristics of modern conflicts where future wars are becoming increasingly complex. In general, wars are planned by the aggressor for a short period of time in order to achieve victory quickly, however, the little ones force long-lasting wars as protracted wars. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive design. The purpose of this study is to analyze how far the interopability between the branches of the land arm in the protracted war scheme in Indonesia is. The research was carried out at the Army Headquarters and the Army Education and Training Command. The research data were analyzed in four steps, namely data reduction, presenting data, integrating data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that it requires strengthening of interopability between dimensions in the protracted war scheme in Indonesia. The conclusion is that in modern warfare, interoperability is absolutely necessary in military operations. Suggestions for the need for further research on interoperability between branches in the Army Forces in a protracted war scheme are more specific in one large island defense area. </span>
Studi Penerapan Cara Produksi Pangan Yang Baik (CPPB) dan Umur Simpan Mi Glosor Di Kota Bogor
Authors: Soeka Yati , Jumiono Aji 
Published: September 2023

One of the fast food sold by small and medium businesses is noodles. Noodles are preferred by consumers because they are cheap, affordable for all levels of society, can be processed into a variety of cuisines, and can be served quickly. One of the most common culinary noodles consumed by the people of Bogor city and its surroundings is the glutinous noodles which are widely served with various variations. However, in buying, sometimes people do not know whether the glossy noodles they consume are suitable foods to consume. This research aims to know the making of glossy noodles by the glossy noodles maker in Bogor city, based on good food production methods so that we can know the shelf life of glossy noodles in the laboratory by analyzing the total plate count and organoleptic test with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing and with immersion treatments in water of 100 oC for 1 minute. Data on good food production methods is obtained by means of surveys that reveal case studies of a problem with a qualitative approach. The results of research showed that the results of observation of small and medium business in CV Taruna have four major activities, namely procurement of materials, production process, packaging, and marketing or delivering. Small and medium businesses of CV Taruna have 37 process flows. The conditions of implementing good food production methods are currently at level 4. The number of serious nonconformities of 3 elements and critical mismatches of 2 elements. The results of the analysis of the total plate numbers with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing treatment and with immersion in water of 100 oC for 1 minute meet SNI requirements < 1x10-6 at room temperature for 72 hours. The results of organoleptic test with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing treatment and with immersion in water of 100 oC for 1 minute for color, aroma, texture, and appearance on the score from dislike to very like. Keywords: small and medium enterprises, gloss noodles, shelf life, total plate count, organoleptic test.
KARAKTERISTIK SENSORI DAN FISIKOKIMIA PERMEN JELLY UBI CILEMBU (IPOMOEA BATATAS (L). LAM) CV. CILEMBU DENGAN GELLING AGENT KARAGENAN DAN GELATIN
Authors: Hutami Rosy , Handayani Ani , Rohmayanti Titi 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration of sweet potato juice to the sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics of Cilembu sweet potato jelly candy. This study was divided into two stages, including the determination of the concentration of sweet potato juice and determination of the amount of gelling agent. Each treatment using a separate experimental design namely, completely randomized design (CRD). The selected concentration of sweet potato juice in the Stage I was 55%. The level of carrageenan and gelatin significantly affected to the color, taste, elasticity, hardness, and adhesiveness. The selected treatment of sweet potato jelly candy with carrageenan has a 34.78% water content, 1.25% ash content, 32.41% reducing sugar, 36.64% sucrose, and Aw 0.87. The selected treatment of sweet potato jelly candy with gelatin has a 22.62% water content, 0.56% ash content, 34.65% reducing sugar content, 35.77% sucrose, and Aw 0.82. Based on the results of the Independent Sample T-test, sweet potato jelly candy with gelatin has a more chewy texture and sweeter than the carrageenan one. It also has a better preference value on the aroma, texture, and taste parameter and also has lower water content and Aw.
MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL READY TO DRINK BERBAHAN BAKU REMPAH LOKAL
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Noor Rafiqa , Suprayatmi Mira , Listianti Elisa 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to study the extraction process of spices, obtain selected formulations based on organoleptic tests and physical stability tests. The research methodology is divided into two stages: the first stage is determining the composition of the spices (ginger, tamarind, turmeric, cardamom, lemongrass, cinnamon and cloves), using a one factor design that is the difference in the composition of the spices with 3 levels of treatment, namely (A1), (A2) and (A3) . The second stage uses the formula selected from the first stage and then is treated with 3 concentrations of spice extract (15%, 20% dan 25%) and the concentration of additional CMC (0%, 0.05% , 0.1% ). The results stated that the selected products were A3 composition spices (7.5% Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract, 25% tamarindus indica extract, 10% turmeric extract, 15% cardamom extract, 15% cinnamon extract, 15% lemongrass extract, 12.5% clove extract) with concentrations herbs 15% and CMC concentration 0.1%. This product was chosen because it was rated the most preferred. The results of physical stability analysis of selected products are quite stable with a sedimentation height of 0.04 cm on the 16th day. The selected product has a pH of 3.44, with a curcumin value of 13.70 ppm, and a total phenol of 31 ppm and an antioxidant of 2.97 ppm.
Analisis Kadar Kalsium dan Serat Pangan Bubur Instan Lansia Berbasis Kacang-Kacangan
Authors: Lestari Tiara Amanda , Fitrilia Tiana , Rohmayanti Titi , Hastuti Arti 
Published: September 2023

Lansia membutuhkan makanan yang bersifat fungsional, bergizi, dan mudah dicerna untuk memenuhi kecukupan gizi demi mempertahankan kesehatan dalam mengurangi dampak penurunan fungsi anatomi dan fisiologis pada sistem pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan persentase tepung komposit dan suhu pengeringan tepung pasca instanisasi yang tepat pada pembuatan bubur instan yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi lansia. Desain percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan faktor pertama yaitu persentase tempung komposit (kacang kedelai, kacang merah, kacang hijau) pada tiga taraf yaitu A1 (21%:15%:24%), A2 (18%:18%:24%), dan A3 (15%:21%:24), sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu suhu pengeringan menggunakan dua taraf yaitu B1 (60◦C) dan B2 (70◦C). Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan pada SPSS 20. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bubur instan terbaik yaitu perlakuan A1B1 dengan kadar serat pangan 14,1% dan kalsium 518,69 mg/100 g. Secara keseluruhan bubur instan ini disukai lansia dan dapat mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi lansia.