bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence structure and bank erosion process in a dredged channel
Authors: Arora Sukhjeet , Patel Harish K. , Lade Abhijit D. , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRiverbank erosion has significant geomorphological as well as anthropogenic consequences. The geomorphological impacts include form changes such as lateral channel migration, meanders, channel expansion, etc. The anthropogenic effects include the threat to floodplain human habitation, agricultural land, and stability of instream hydraulic structures and buried pipelines. Channel dredging for the extraction of sand and gravel has seen a multi‐fold rise in the last few decades. Therefore, riverbank erosion response to channel mining gains importance in river basin management. Sandpits dredged in the riverbeds can significantly impact the downstream riverbank stability. In order to assess these impacts, we conducted a series of experiments at a laboratory scale in a recirculating water flume. Three riverbank slopes, 25° (gentle), 31° (equal to the angle of repose of the bank sediments), and 40° (steeper than the angle of repose), were tested along with a sandpit. Remarkable changes in the turbulence structure of riverbank flow were found due to the channel pit. Pit excavation directly impacts the fluvial erosion characteristics of the riverbank. Pit action increases the Reynolds shear stress fields in the near‐bank flow, which causes progressive fluvial erosion of the berm at the bank toe. The erosivity of the main channel flow in the riverbank also leads to channel degradation, which increases the exposed height of the bank slope. Pit dredging leads to the generation of stronger ejection bursts which provide a mechanism for berm sediment mobility and erosion. The hydro morphological response of the riverbank due to sand mining was analysed, and process understandings are presented in the paper.
Long‐Lived Dynamic Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Carbon Dots Based Materials
Authors: Wang Kaiti , Qu Lunjun , Yang Chaolong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a type of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) material, carbon dots (CDs) always show short lifetime and low phosphorescence efficiency. To counter these disadvantages, several strategies, such as embedding in rigid matrix, introducing of heteroatom, crosslink‐enhanced emission, etc., are well developed. Consequently, lots of CDs‐based RTP materials are obtained. Doping of CDs into various matrix is the dominant method for preparation of long‐lived CDs‐based RTP materials so far. The desired CDs@matrix composites always display outstanding RTP performances. Meanwhile, matrix‐free CDs and carbonized polymer dots‐based RTP materials are also widely developed. Amounts of CDs possessing ultra‐long lived, multiple colored, and dynamic RTP emission are successfully obtained. Herein, the recent progress achieved in CDs‐based RTP materials as well as the corresponding efficient strategies and emission mechanisms are summarized and reviewed in detail. Due to CDs‐based RTP materials possess excellent chemical stability, photostability and low biological toxicity, they exhibit great application potential in the fields of anti‐counterfeiting, data encryption, and biological monitoring. The application of the CDs‐based RTP materials is also introduced in this review. As a promising functional material, development of long wavelength RTP emitting CDs with long lifetime is still challengeable, especially for the red and near‐infrared emitting RTP materials.
A Review of Smart Superwetting Surfaces Based on Shape‐Memory Micro/Nanostructures
Authors: Bai Xue , Gou Xiaodan , Zhang Jialiang , Liang Jie , Yang Lijing , Wang Shaopeng , Hou Xun , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBioinspired smart superwetting surfaces with special wettability have aroused great attention from fundamental research to technological applications including self‐cleaning, oil–water separation, anti‐icing/corrosion/fogging, drag reduction, cell engineering, liquid manipulation, and so on. However, most of the reported smart superwetting surfaces switch their wettability by reversibly changing surface chemistry rather than surface microstructure. Compared with surface chemistry, the regulation of surface microstructure is more difficult and can bring novel functions to the surfaces. As a kind of stimulus‐responsive material, shape‐memory polymer (SMP) has become an excellent candidate for preparing smart superwetting surfaces owing to its unique shape transformation property. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of smart superwetting SMP surfaces including fabrication methods, smart superwetting phenomena, and related application fields. The smart superwettabilities, such as superhydrophobicity/superomniphobicity with tunable adhesion, reversible switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity, switchable isotropic/anisotropic wetting, slippery surface with tunable wettability, and underwater superaerophobicity/superoleophobicity with tunable adhesion, can be obtained on SMP micro/nanostructures by regulating the surface morphology. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of smart superwetting SMP surfaces are discussed.
P‐Block Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia: A Minireview
Authors: Li Shaoquan , Wang Yingnan , Du Yue , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Gao Jian , Zhang Yong‐Chao , Wu Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH3) using renewable electricity provides a promising approach towards carbon neutral. What's more, it has been regarded as the most promising alternative to the traditional Haber‐Bosch route in current context of developing sustainable technologies. The development of a class of highly efficient electrocatalysts with high selectivity and stability is the key to electrochemical NRR. Among them, P‐block metal‐based electrocatalysts have significant application potential in NRR for which possessing a strong interaction with the N 2p orbitals. Thus, it offers a good selectivity for NRR to NH3. The density of state (DOS) near the Fermi level is concentrated for the P‐block metal‐based catalysts, indicating the ability of P‐block metal as active sites for N2 adsorption and activation by donating p electrons. In this work, we systematically review the recent progress of P‐block metal‐based electrocatalysts for electrochemical NRR. The effect of P‐block metal‐based electrocatalysts on the NRR activity, selectivity and stability are discussed. Specifically, the catalyst design, the nature of the active sites of electrocatalysts and some strategies for boosting NRR performance, the reaction mechanism, and the impact of operating conditions are unveiled. Finally, some challenges and outlooks using P‐block metal‐based electrocatalysts are proposed.
High Sensitivity Near‐Infrared Imaging of Fluorescent Nanosensors
Authors: Ackermann Julia , Stegemann Jan , Smola Tim , Reger Eline , Jung Sebastian , Schmitz Anne , Herbertz Svenja , Erpenbeck Luise , Seidl Karsten , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiochemical processes are fast and occur on small‐length scales, which makes them difficult to measure. Optical nanosensors based on single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to capture such dynamics. They fluoresce in the near‐infrared (NIR, 850–1700 nm) tissue transparency window and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality. However, NIR imaging requires specialized indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras with a typically low resolution because the quantum yield of normal Si‐based cameras rapidly decreases in the NIR. Here, an efficient one‐step phase separation approach to isolate monochiral (6,4)‐SWCNTs (880 nm emission) from mixed SWCNT samples is developed. It enables imaging them in the NIR with high‐resolution standard Si‐based cameras (>50× more pixels). (6,4)‐SWCNTs modified with (GT)10‐ssDNA become highly sensitive to the important neurotransmitter dopamine. These sensors are 1.7× brighter and 7.5× more sensitive and allow fast imaging (<50 ms). They enable high‐resolution imaging of dopamine release from cells. Thus, the assembly of biosensors from (6,4)‐SWCNTs combines the advantages of nanosensors working in the NIR with the sensitivity of (Si‐based) cameras and enables broad usage of these nanomaterials.
Introducing High‐Valence Iridium Single Atoms into Bimetal Phosphides toward High‐Efficiency Oxygen Evolution and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Niuwa , Tian Shaonan , Feng Yongjun , Hu Zhenya , Liu Hui , Tian Xinlong , Xu Lin , Hu Chaoquan , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSingle atoms are superior electrocatalysts having high atomic utilization and amazing activity for water oxidation and splitting. Herein, this work reports a thermal reduction method to introduce high‐valence iridium (Ir) single atoms into bimetal phosphide (FeNiP) nanoparticles toward high‐efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting. The presence of high‐valence single Ir atoms (Ir4+) and their synergistic interaction with Ni3+ species as well as the disproportionation of Ni3+ assisted by Fe collectively contribute to the exceptional OER performance. In specific, at appropriate Ir/Ni and Fe/Ni ratios, the as‐prepared Ir‐doped FeNiP (Ir25‐Fe16Ni100P64) nanoparticles at a mass loading of only 35 µg cm−2 show the overpotential as low as 232 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and activity as high as 1.86 A mg−1 at 1.5 V versus RHE for OER in 1.0 m KOH. Computational simulations confirm the vital role of high‐valence Ir to weaken the adsorption of OER intermediates, favorable for accelerating OER kinetics. Impressively, a Pt/C||Ir25‐Fe16Ni100P64 two‐electrode alkaline electrolyzer affords a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.42 V, along with satisfied stability. An AA battery with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V can drive overall water splitting with obvious bubbles released.
Highly Thermostable Interphase Enables Boosting High‐Temperature Lifespan for Metallic Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jiale , Wang Juncheng , Guo Tianqi , Wang Yao , Nai Jianwei , Luo Jianmin , Yuan Huadong , Wang Zhongchang , Tao Xinyong , Liu Yujing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn consideration of high specific capacity and low redox potential, lithium metal anodes have attracted extensive attention. However, the cycling performance of lithium metal batteries generally deteriorates significantly under the stringent conditions of high temperature due to inferior heat tolerance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, controllable SEI nanostructures with excellent thermal stability are established by the (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3)‐induced interface engineering. First, the TMSCF3 regulates the electrolyte decomposition, thus generating an SEI with a large amount of LiF, Li3N, and Li2S nanocrystals incorporated. More importantly, the uniform distributed nanocrystals have endowed the SEI with enhanced thermostability according to the density functional theory simulations. Particularly, the sub‐angstrom visualization on SEI through a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) is realized for the first time and the enhanced tolerance to the heat damage originating from TEM imaging demonstrates the ultrahigh thermostability of SEI. As a result, the highly thermostable interphase facilitates a substantially prolonged lifespan of full cells at a high temperature of 70 °C. As such, this work might inspire the universal interphase design for high‐energy alkali‐metal‐based batteries applicated in a high‐temperature environment.
Printed Electronics Based on 2D Material Inks: Preparation, Properties, and Applications toward Memristors
Authors: Chen Xiaopei , Wang Xiongfeng , Pang Yudong , Bao Guocheng , Jiang Jie , Yang Peng , Chen Yuankang , Rao Tingke , Liao Wugang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrinted electronics, which fabricate electrical components and circuits on various substrates by leveraging functional inks and advanced printing technologies, have recently attracted tremendous attention due to their capability of large‐scale, high‐speed, and cost‐effective manufacturing and also their great potential in flexible and wearable devices. To further achieve multifunctional, practical, and commercial applications, various printing technologies toward smarter pattern‐design, higher resolution, greater production flexibility, and novel ink formulations toward multi‐functionalities and high quality have been insensitively investigated. 2D materials, possessing atomically thin thickness, unique properties and excellent solution‐processable ability, hold great potential for high‐quality inks. Besides, the great variety of 2D materials ranging from metals, semiconductors to insulators offers great freedom to formulate versatile inks to construct various printed electronics. Here, a detailed review of the progress on 2D material inks formulation and its printed applications has been provided, specifically with an emphasis on emerging printed memristors. Finally, the challenges facing the field and prospects of 2D material inks and printed electronics are discussed.
To Molecularly Block Hydrogen Evolution Sites of Molybdenum Disulfide toward Improved Catalytic Performance for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Win Poe Ei Phyu , Yu Dongxue , Song Wenjuan , Huang Xiang , Zhu Peng , Liu Guanyu , Wang Jiong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract2H‐molybdenum disulfide (2H‐MoS2) represents a classical catalyst for the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) in water that offers a promising technology toward sustainable production of NH3 driven by renewable energy. While the catalytic efficiency is severely limited by a simultaneous and competing H2 evolution reaction (HER). Herein, it is proposed that the S edge of 2H‐MoS2, which is known as main sites to afford HER, is intentionally covered by cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules through axial coordination. While the Mo sites with S vacancies at 2H‐MoS2 edge is recognized as highly NRR active, and can keep structurally intact in the CoPc based modification. The resultant composite thus exhibits high NRR performance with Faradic efficiency and NH3 yields increase by fourfold and twofold, respectively, comparing to pristine 2H‐MoS2. These findings provide a deep insight into the mechanism of 2H‐MoS2 based NRR catalysis and suggest an efficient molecular modification strategy to promote NRR in water.
Structure Design for Ultrahigh Power Density Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Guobin , Wu Lizhen , Tongsh Chasen , Qu Zhiguo , Wu Siyuan , Xie Biao , Huo Wenming , Du Qing , Wang Huizhi , An Liang , Wang Ning , Xuan Jin , Chen Wenmiao , Xi Fuqiang , Wang Zhixin , Jiao Kui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNext‐generation ultrahigh power density proton exchange membrane fuel cells rely not only on high‐performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) but also on an optimal cell structure. To this end, this work comprehensively investigates the cell performance under various structures, and it is revealed that there is unexploited performance improvement in structure design because its positive effect enhancing gas supply is often inhibited by worse proton/electron conduction. Utilizing fine channel/rib or the porous flow field is feasible to eliminate the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and hence increase the power density significantly due to the decrease of cell thickness and gas/electron transfer resistances. The cell structure combining fine channel/rib, GDL elimination and double‐cell structure is believed to increase the power density from 4.4 to 6.52 kW L−1 with the existing MEA, showing nearly equal importance with the new MEA development in achieving the target of 9.0 kW L−1.
Inflammatory Cell‐Inspired Cascade Nanozyme Induces Intracellular Radical Storm for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Xun , Li Wei , Wang Mengru , Liu Ningyu , Yang Qiang , He Yunjie , Hu Duanmin , Zhu Rongying , Yin Lichen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractManipulating intracellular levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is of great potential for cancer treatment. Inspired by the natural mechanism of a radical storm in inflammatory cells via activated and regulatable biocatalysis, the authors herein report a self‐powered nanozyme that can enable RONS production in tumor cells via cascade reactions. The nanozymes are constructed via glucose oxidase (GOx)‐templated inverse microemulsion polymerization from acrylamide, arginine‐acrylamide, ferrocene‐acrylate, and N,N′‐bis(acryloyl)cystamine, followed by surface coating with hyaluronic acid. After targeted delivery into cancer cells, the nanozymes are dissociated by intracellular glutathione to release GOx, which decomposed glucose to generate gluconic acid and H2O2. Under such acidified conditions, H2O2 efficiently oxidized pendant arginine residues to produce nitric oxide , transformed into a highly toxic hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion via ferrocene‐mediated Fenton reaction and Haber–Weiss cycle, and simultaneously generated peroxynitrite anion via reaction between NO and ·O2−, thus provoking the RONS radical storm to effectively eradicate A549 tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. This nature‐inspired enzyme‐chemical dynamic therapy may provide a promising modality for anti‐cancer treatment.
Study on mechanical properties of (1 % PVA fiber +1 % Steel fiber) PS‐ECC under the coupling effects of elevated temperature and dynamic loads
Authors: Chen Jianxing , Zhu Zheming , Zhou Lei , Zhuang Jinping , Wang Meng , Ma Leijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coupling effect of temperature and impact loads can cause the concrete strength to decay and lead to the failure of the structure that cannot reach the designed load‐bearing strength. In this study, the evolution laws of dynamic compressive strength, dynamic increase factor (DIF), and absorbed energy of (1% polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] fiber +1% steel fiber) PS‐ECC (engineered cementitious composite) were obtained by a split Hopkinson compression bar test. The conclusions can be concluded: the dynamic compressive strength, DIF, and absorbed energy of PS‐ECC largely show a tendency to decrease with increasing temperature; however, the recovery effect occurs at 200°C due to the accumulation of steam inside the specimen to counteract the impact force. Then, 200°C becomes a threshold value, and the sensitivity of PS‐ECC to strain rate shows a steep drop when the temperature exceeds 200°C. Compared to 200°C, the growth rate of dynamic compressive strength, DIF, and energy absorption capacity from strain rate 50–80 s−1 decreases by 50.65, 55.24, and 45.71% at 300°C, the growth rate decreases by 55.87, 56.5, and 48.45% at 400°C. The impact energy absorption of PS‐ECC was provided mainly by PVA fiber. The energy absorption of PS‐ECC is almost the same at 300 and 400°C for the same strain rate due to PVA fiber burning disappears.
Complication rate after termination of pregnancy for fetal defects
Authors: Spingler T. , Sonek J. , Hoopmann M. , Prodan N. , Abele H. , Kagan K. O. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the risk of complications in women undergoing termination of pregnancy (TOP) for fetal defects and to examine the impact of gestational age on the complication rate.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of women with a singleton pregnancy undergoing TOP at the University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany, between 2018 and 2021. TOP was performed by experienced operators according to the national protocol; dilatation and curettage (D&C) or evacuation (D&E) was used in the first and early second trimesters and induction was used later in pregnancy. The following were considered to be significant procedure‐related complications: blood loss of more than 500 mL, uterine perforation, need for blood transfusion, allergic reaction, creation of a false passage (via falsa), systemic infection, readmission to hospital, any unplanned surgical procedure, such as repeat D&C/D&E or hysterectomy, and maternal death.ResultsThe search of the hospital database identified 416 pregnancies that met the study criteria. Median maternal and gestational age at termination were 34.1 years and 17.4 weeks, respectively. In the first, second and third trimesters, respectively, 84 (20.2%), 278 (66.8%) and 54 (13.0%) pregnancies were terminated, for which D&C or D&E was used in 80 (95.2%), 21 (7.6%) and 0 (0.0%) cases. Seventy‐seven (18.5%) women had at least one previous Cesarean section and 169 (40.6%) had at least one previous spontaneous delivery. Overall, 95 (22.8%) women had complications during or after TOP. A significantly higher complication rate was noted for terminations performed later in pregnancy. The median gestational age at termination was 16.6 weeks in women who did not experience complications and 20.7 weeks in those with complications (P < 0.001). The respective complication rates in the first, second and third trimesters were 6.0%, 27.0% and 27.8%.ConclusionIn women undergoing TOP for fetal defects, the risk of complications increases with advancing gestational age. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Analysis of a wooden statue by non‐destructive X‐ray techniques
Authors: Oliveira Renan , de Paula Anderson , Gonçalves Fernando , Sanches Francis , Nardes Raysa , Santos Ramon , Azeredo Soraia , Araújo Olga , Machado Alessandra , Anjos Marcelino , Lopes Ricardo , Oliveira Davi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the characterization of the “Santa Luzia” statue was carried out through three non‐destructive X‐ray techniques: X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF), Digital Radiography (DR), and Computed Tomography (CT). The wooden statue dates from the 18th century. It was carved in Portugal and is currently located at the Santa Luzia church—one of the oldest churches built in Rio de Janeiro. The portable XRF system used in this study is composed of an Ag target X‐ray tube and an silicon drift detector detector with energy resolution of 122 eV at 5.9 keV. Several spectra were obtained in different regions of the statue. For the DR and CT evaluations, a portable 120 kV X‐ray tube and a 410 × 410 mm a‐Si flat panel detector with a pixel size of 200 μm were used. Individual radiographs of the parts of the statue were acquired and merged into a single image, in order to show its complete radiography. Finally, the CT images of the head of the statue were taken in angular steps of 2 degrees and, after the reconstruction process, the data were analyzed by means of appropriate software. The elements found in the XRF analysis suggest the presence of the pigments lead white, red lead, zinc white, titanium white, vermilion and emerald green. All of them are in accordance with the pigments used by the artists during the statue's historical period. The 3 exceptions were the zinc white and titanium white pigments, which may be an evidence of modern interventions, and the emerald green pigment, which appears to be a repainting of the green region. The radiographic images showed the manufacturing process of the statue, as well as its structural condition. The assembling of wooden blocks, the presence and type of nails and spikes, and regions of different densities were found in the analysis. In the statue's head, the joining of the face with the main part of the statue is clearly visible, and also the hollow glass eye. The CT analysis was able to better detail this section as a spherical cavity in the central part of the head, as well as the presence of a high‐density fragment inside the hole for the fixation of the aureole. The type of glass eye was identified as blown‐glass eye, which is commonly used in devotional statues.