bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maxillary canine impaction and other dental anomalies: radiological study of a mixed dentition children’s cohort from an orthodontic clinic
Authors: Kolokitha O.-E. , Balli D. , Zarkadi A.-E. , Gizani S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the significance of association between maxillary impacted canines and various dental anomalies.

Methods
Files of 874 orthodontic patients were evaluated for the presence of maxillary impacted canines. From this sample, a group of 97 patients (39 males and 58 females) with at least 1 impacted maxillary canine consisted the study group. This group was compared to a control group of 97 patients (42 males and 55 females) that was created by random selection from the initial sample without maxillary canine impaction. The impaction diagnosis was made from the panoramic radiographs. Chi-square test was used to perform the analysis for significant associations. Stepwise discriminant analysis, binary logistic regression and classification tree were used to identify best combinations.

Results
Statistically significant difference was found for peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and infraoccluded deciduous molars. The presence of peg-shaped upper lateral incisors arises the probability of impacted canine to 83.3%, a distal displaced unerupted second premolar to 63.16% and the impaction of any other teeth to 80% as showed by the classification tree.

Conclusions
The presence of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and infraocclusion of deciduous molars can be considered major valuable early risk indicators for maxillary canine impaction, because they manifest before the maxillary canine eruption. Special consideration should be given on distal displaced unerupted second premolar and the impaction of any other teeth. Patients with these dental anomalies are candidates for future interceptive treatment for canine eruption.
The Contribution of the Psychologist in the Assessment and Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Luciano Juan V. , Neblett Randy , Peñacoba Cecilia , Suso-Ribera Carlos , McCracken Lance M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the role of psychologists in the assessment and treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a highly prevalent condition characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, distress, and disability.

Recent findings
A large body of work supports the effectiveness and cost-utility of psychological therapies for the improvement of a wide range of symptoms associated with FMS. However, patients with FMS are best assessed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, in which psychologists have an important role. Multidisciplinary treatment, in which each healthcare professional offers his or her own expertise to the patient, has been shown to produce more ubiquitous treatment effects for this complex syndrome than single discipline treatments. Considering the empirical evidence and documented experience of patients, people with FMS can benefit from integrated care, combining education, exercise, and psychotherapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Summary
There has been a call for more health economics research to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies. In this paper, we highlight the added value of psychologists as members of multidisciplinary treatment teams, who can assess and treat the maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that are commonly seen in individuals with FMS.
Count Regression and Machine Learning Techniques for Zero-Inflated Overdispersed Count Data: Application to Ecological Data
Authors: Sidumo Bonelwa , Sonono Energy , Takaidza Isaac 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the overdispersion problem that is rampant in ecological count data. In order to explore this problem, we consider the most commonly used count regression models: the Poisson, the negative binomial, the zero-inflated Poisson and the zero-inflated negative binomial models. The performance of these count regression models is compared with the four proposed machine learning (ML) regression techniques: random forests, support vector machines, $$k-$$

k
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nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks. The mean absolute error was used to compare the performance of count regression models and ML regression models. The results suggest that ML regression models perform better compared to count regression models. The performance shown by ML regression techniques is a motivation for further research in improving methods and applications in ecological studies.
Contribution of moral case deliberations to the Moral Craftmanship of prison staff: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Huysentruyt Marie , Schaap A. I. , Stolper M. M. , Snijdewind M. , de Vet H. C. W. , Molewijk A. C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This study explores the impact of participation in a series of moral case deliberations (MCD) on the moral craftsmanship (MCS) of Dutch prison staff. Between 2017–2020, ten MCDs per team were implemented in three prisons (i.e., intervention group). In three other prisons (i.e., control group) no MCDs were implemented. We compared the intervention and control group using a self-developed questionnaire, administered before (pre-measurement) and after the series of MCDs (post-measurement).

Results
After the MCDs, participants scored significantly higher on 7 of the 70 items related to MCS. On some items there were significant impact differences between the various professional disciplines.

Discussion
Possible explanations for a relatively low impact are discussed. A shorter and validated questionnaire is needed in order to further study the MCS of professionals and the impact of Ethics Support Services (ESS).

Conclusions
There was a positive development on some elements of MCS after participation in a series of MCDs.
Implementation and Effects of the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) Technique: a Pilot Study
Authors: Miguel-Alvaro Alejandro , Gómez-Gutiérrez M. Mar , Hornillos Carlos , Hernández-Lloreda M. José , Crespo María 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop and test a 3-session version of the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) technique and to explore the relationship between implementation (features of the positive memory evoked, satisfaction, and engagement) and outcome. The BMAC was delivered to 31 female university students in three sessions over 7–10 days. Positive and negative affect, and difficulties in regulation of negative and positive emotions were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in negative affect and in difficulties in negative emotion regulation. No significant effects were found on positive affect or on difficulties in positive emotion regulation. Moreover, the memories chosen were found to be highly central, and patient and therapist levels of satisfaction and engagement in the technique were very high throughout the three sessions. No significant relationships were found between implementation and outcome. This leads to the conclusion that the technique may be suitable for inclusion in broader treatment packages.
Frailty level at discharge predicts mortality in older patients with Clostridioides difficile more accurately than age or disease severity
Authors: Rubak Tone , Baunwall Simon Mark Dahl , Gregersen Merete , Hansen Troels Kjærskov , Rosenbæk Jeppe Bakkestrøm , Erikstrup Lise Tornvig , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Damsgaard Else Marie Skjøde 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) has a high mortality among older patients. Identification of older patients with CDI in increased mortality risk is important to target treatment and thereby reduce mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate mortality rates and compare frailty levels at discharge, measured by the record-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), with age and severity of CDI as mortality predictors in patients with CDI diagnosed during hospitalisation.MethodsThis was a population-based cohort study from Central Denmark Region, Denmark, including all patients  ≥ 60 years with a positive CD toxin test without prior infection and diagnosed from 1 January to 31 December 2018. Frailty level, estimated from the electronic medical record, was defined as low, moderate, or severe frailty. CDI severity was graded according to international guidelines. Primary outcome was 90-day mortality.ResultsWe included 457 patients with median age 77 years (interquartile range 69–84) and females (49%). Overall, 90-day mortality was 28%, and this was associated with age (hazard ratio (HR): 2.71 (95% confidence interval 1.64–4.47)), CDI severity (HR 4.58 (3.04–6.88)) and frailty (HR 10.15 (4.06–25.36)). Frailty was a better predictor of 90-day mortality than both age (p < 0.001) and CDI severity (p = 0.04) with a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 77%.ConclusionThe 90-day mortality among older patients with CDI in a Danish region is 28%. Frailty measured by record-based MPI at discharge outperforms age and disease severity markers in predicting mortality in older patients with CDI.
KartalOl: a new deep neural network framework based on transfer learning for iris segmentation and localization task—new dataset for iris segmentation
Authors: Khiarak Jalil Nourmohammadi , Oskouei Amin Golzari , Nasab Samaneh Salehi , Jaryani Farhang , Moafinejad Seyed Naeim , Pourmohamad Rana , Amini Yasin , Noshad Morteza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIris segmentation and localization in unconstrained environments are challenging due to long distances, illumination variations, limited user cooperation, and moving subjects. Some existing methods in the literature have somehow mitigated some of the above-mentioned issues. In this paper, motivated by these weaknesses, we propose a framework that employs a deep neural network-based approach to iris segmentation and localization. The proposed framework is based on a U-Net architecture initialized with a pre-trained MobileNetV2 model. In addition, to better study the detectors in iris recognition scenarios, we have collected 1000 images. The provided dataset (KartalOl) is made publicly available for the research community. In the proposed framework, to have better generalization, we fine-tuned the MobileNetV2 model on the provided data for NIR-ISL 2021 from the CASIA-Iris-Asia, CASIA-Iris-M1, and CASIA-Iris-Africa and our dataset. Likewise, data augmentation techniques are applied on images. We chose the binarization threshold for the binary masks by iterating over the images in the provided dataset. The proposed framework is trained and tested in CASIA-Iris-Asia, CASIA-Iris-M1, and CASIA-Iris-Africa, along with the KartalOl dataset. The experimental results highlight that our method surpasses state-of-the-art methods on mobile-based benchmarks. The implementation source code of KartalOl is made publicly available at https://github.com/Jalilnkh/KartalOl-NIR-ISL2021031301.
Waste Clay Brick as a Part Binder for Pavement Grade Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Migunthanna Janitha , Rajeev Pathmanathan , Sanjayan Jay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeopolymer concrete (GPC) was developed using one-part binders made from a mixture of waste clay brick (WCB) powder, fly ash, and slag in the precursor. Its suitability for use in rigid pavement construction was evaluated based on fresh properties, hardened properties, and durability characteristics. The effects of sealed and unsealed ambient curing and the size of the WCB particles on the strength of the GPC were also examined. Sealed ambient curing significantly increased the strength of the GPC, with longer sealing periods resulting in even stronger concrete. Sealing prevented water loss from the samples and reduced carbonation, protecting the concrete from microcracks caused by dehydration. The GPC created in this study met the basic strength requirements for use in rigid pavement applications, with 28-day compressive strengths above 40 MPa and flexural strengths above 4.5 MPa. All GPC samples had a water absorption of more than 5%, with a maximum of 7.4%. The apparent volume of permeable voids was less than 14%, which is the maximum allowable value for a 40 MPa pavement-grade concrete. The GPC was resistant to abrasion and cyclic wetting and drying, and experienced only a slight reduction in compressive strength after being subjected to these cycles. There were no significant differences in the wearing depth of the top and bottom surfaces of the slabs, indicating better compaction and homogeneity of the mix.
Associations between nesting, stereotypy, and working memory in deer mice: response to levetiracetam
Authors: Hurter Bianca , Gourley Shannon L. , Wolmarans De Wet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Some deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) exhibit various phenotypes of persistent behaviors. It remains unknown if and how said phenotypes associate with early-life and adult cognitive perturbations, and whether potentially cognitive enhancing drugs might modify such associations. Here, we explored the longitudinal relationship between early-life behavioral flexibility and the expression of persistent behavior in adulthood. We also investigated how said phenotypes might associate with working memory in adulthood, and how this association might respond to chronic exposure to the putative cognitive enhancer, levetiracetam (LEV).

Methods
76 juvenile deer mice were assessed for habit-proneness in the Barnes maze (BM) and divided into two exposure groups (n = 37–39 per group), i.e., control and LEV (75 mg/kg/day). After 56 days of uninterrupted exposure, mice were screened for nesting and stereotypical behavior, and then assessed for working memory in the T-maze.

Results
Juvenile deer mice overwhelmingly utilize habit-like response strategies, regardless of LNB and HS behavior in adulthood. Further, LNB and HS are unrelated in terms of their expression, while LEV reduces the expression of LNB, but bolsters CR (but not VA). Last, an increased level of control over high stereotypical expression may facilitate improved working memory performance.

Conclusion
LNB, VA and CR, are divergent in terms of their neurocognitive underpinnings. Chronic LEV administration throughout the entire rearing period may be of benefit to some phenotypes, e.g., LNB, but not others (CR). We also show that an increased level of control over the expression of stereotypy may facilitate improved working memory performance.
A Critique of Scanlon’s Contractualism
Authors: Purdy Ashley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPart of T. M. Scanlon’s project in What We Owe to Each Other (1998) is to explain the importance and priority of moral reasons. But Scanlon also argues that this priority of moral reasons is compatible with the pursuit of other things we value, such as friendship. To this end, Scanlon claims that contractualist moral reasons internally accommodate our interests in such values. In this paper, I argue that Scanlon is unsuccessful in showing the compatibility of morality and the pursuit of our other values. The contractualist may not be able to be a good friend.
Building an infrastructure to support the development, conduct, and reporting of informative clinical studies: The Rockefeller University experience
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Devine Rita K. , Fernands Mark , Gottesman Riva , Kandpal Manoj , MacArthur Robert B. , O’Sullivan Barbara , Romanick Michelle , Ronning Andrea , Schlesinger Sarah , Tobin Jonathan N. , Vaughan Roger , Neville-Williams Maija , Krueger James G. , Coller Barry S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical trials are a vital component of translational science, providing crucial information on the efficacy and safety of new interventions and forming the basis for regulatory approval and/or clinical adoption. At the same time, they are complex to design, conduct, monitor, and report successfully. Concerns over the last two decades about the quality of the design and the lack of completion and reporting of clinical trials, characterized as a lack of “informativeness,” highlighted by the experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to several initiatives to address the serious shortcomings of the United States clinical research enterprise.

Methods and Results:
Against this background, we detail the policies, procedures, and programs that we have developed in The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), supported by a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program grant since 2006, to support the development, conduct, and reporting of informative clinical studies.

Conclusions:
We have focused on building a data-driven infrastructure to both assist individual investigators and bring translational science to each element of the clinical investigation process, with the goal of both generating new knowledge and accelerating the uptake of that knowledge into practice.
Norm violations and punishments across human societies
Authors: Garfield Zachary H. , Ringen Erik J. , Buckner William , Medupe Dithapelo , Wrangham Richard W. , Glowacki Luke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Punishments for norm violations are hypothesised to be a crucial component of the maintenance of cooperation in humans but are rarely studied from a comparative perspective. We investigated the degree to which punishment systems were correlated with socioecology and cultural history. We took data from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample database and coded ethnographic documents from a sample of 131 largely non-industrial societies. We recorded whether punishment for norm violations concerned adultery, religion, food, rape or war cowardice and whether sanctions were reputational, physical, material or execution. We used Bayesian phylogenetic regression modelling to test for culture-level covariation. We found little evidence of phylogenetic signals in evidence for punishment types, suggesting that punishment systems change relatively quickly over cultural evolutionary history. We found evidence that reputational punishment was associated with egalitarianism and the absence of food storage; material punishment was associated with the presence of food storage; physical punishment was moderately associated with greater dependence on hunting; and execution punishment was moderately associated with social stratification. Taken together, our results suggest that the role and kind of punishment vary both by the severity of the norm violation, but also by the specific socio-economic system of the society.
Causal History, Statistical Relevance, and Explanatory Power
Authors: Kinney David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn discussions of the power of causal explanations, one often finds a commitment to two premises. The first is that, all else being equal, a causal explanation is powerful to the extent that it cites the full causal history of why the effect occurred. The second is that, all else being equal, causal explanations are powerful to the extent that the occurrence of a cause allows us to predict the occurrence of its effect. This article proves a representation theorem showing that there is a unique family of functions measuring a causal explanation’s power that satisfies these two premises.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Ogmocotyle ailuri: gene content, composition and rearrangement and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Gao Jun-Feng , Zhang Ai-Hui , Wei Wei , Jia Bin , Zhang Jun , Li Ben , Chen Ying-Yu , Sun Yun-Yi , Hou Mei-Ru , Liu Xue-Wei , Wang Jia-Wen , Zhang Xin-Hui , Wang Chun-Ren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTrematodes of the genus Ogmocotyle are intestinal flukes that can infect a variety of definitive hosts, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. However, there are few studies on molecular data of these trematodes. In this study, the mitochondrial (mt) genome of Ogmocotyle ailuri isolated from red panda (Ailurus fulgens) was determined and compared with those from Pronocephalata to investigate the mt genome content, genetic distance, gene rearrangements and phylogeny. The complete mt genome of O. ailuri is a typical closed circular molecule of 14 642 base pairs, comprising 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions. All genes are transcribed in the same direction. In addition, 23 intergenic spacers and 2 locations with gene overlaps were determined. Sequence identities and sliding window analysis indicated that cox1 is the most conserved gene among 12 PCGs in O. ailuri mt genome. The sequenced mt genomes of the 48 Plagiorchiida trematodes showed 5 types of gene arrangement based on all mt genome genes, with the gene arrangement of O. ailuri being type I. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs revealed that O. ailuri was closer to Ogmocotyle sikae than to Notocotylus intestinalis. These data enhance the Ogmocotyle mt genome database and provide molecular resources for further studies of Pronocephalata taxonomy, population genetics and systematics.
Tree density-dependence effects on seed dispersal of a large-seeded tropical tree
Authors: Souza Fernanda Cristina , Viana-Junior Arleu Barbosa , Mittelman Pedro Uchoa , Azevedo Fernando Cesar Cascelli de 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the biggest issues in plant ecology is determining the interaction outcome between seeds and scatter-hoarding rodents because the latter has a dual role as dispersers and predators of seeds. Density-dependence contexts involving resource abundance largely influence the outcome of this interaction. Here, we investigated how the variation in the density of a large-seeded tropical tree (Joannesia princeps Vell) affects its probability of seed removal, consumption, dispersal, and burial by a neotropical rodent (Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein). We tested whether the elevated resource availability in high tree density areas would cause scatter hoarder’s satiation by decreasing seed removal and consumption (predator satiation hypothesis) or increasing seed dispersal and burial (predator dispersal hypothesis). We tracked the fate of 461 seeds in 14 plots with distinct J. princeps abundances inside a large Atlantic Forest fragment. We used spool-and-line tracking and camera trappings to determine seed fate and identify interacting animals. Agouti was the only species removing J. princeps seeds. Tree density benefitted J. princeps by increasing seed dispersal through buried seed but not affecting seed removal and consumption. This result shows how density-dependent contexts, such as tree density, may alter seed fate in seed–rodent interactions supporting future studies aiming to reestablishing seed dispersal functions in Atlantic Forest fragments.
Decreased Neisseria gonorrhoeae genotypic diversity following COVID-19 restrictions in Queensland, Australia 2020
Authors: Alharbi Bushra , Jennison Amy V. , Hicks Vicki , Whiley David M. , Sweeney Emma , Trembizki Ella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigated the potential effects of COVID-19 public health restrictions on the prevalence and distribution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) genotypes in our Queensland isolate population in the first half of the year 2020. A total of 763 NG isolates were genotyped to examine gonococcal strain distribution and prevalence for the first 6 months of 2020, with 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2020 classified as ‘pre’ COVID-19 restrictions (n = 463) and 1 April 2020 to 30 June 2020 classified as ‘post’ COVID-19 restrictions (n = 300). Genotypes most prevalent ‘pre’ restrictions remained proportionally high ‘post’ restrictions, with some significantly increasing ‘post’ restrictions. However, genotype diversity was significantly reduced ‘post’ restrictions. Overall, it seems public health restrictions (9–10 weeks) were not sufficient to affect rates of infection or reduce the prevalence of well-established genotypes in our population, potentially due to reduced access to services or health-seeking behaviours.