bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolved imaging confirms a radiation belt around an ultracool dwarf
Authors: Kao Melodie M. , Mioduszewski Amy J. , Villadsen Jackie , Shkolnik Evgenya L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiation belts are present in all large-scale Solar System planetary magnetospheres: Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune1. These persistent equatorial zones of relativistic particles up to tens of megaelectron volts in energy can extend further than ten times the planet’s radius, emit gradually varying radio emissions2–4and affect the surface chemistry of close-in moons5. Recent observations demonstrate that very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, collectively known as ultracool dwarfs, can produce planet-like radio emissions such as periodically bursting aurorae6–8from large-scale magnetospheric currents9–11. They also exhibit slowly varying quiescent radio emissions7,12,13hypothesized to trace low-level coronal flaring14,15despite departing from empirical multiwavelength flare relationships8,15. Here we present high-resolution imaging of the ultracool dwarf LSR J1835 + 3259 at 8.4 GHz, demonstrating that its quiescent radio emission is spatially resolved and traces a double-lobed and axisymmetrical structure that is similar in morphology to the Jovian radiation belts. Up to 18 ultracool dwarf radii separate the two lobes, which are stably present in three observations spanning more than one year. For plasma confined by the magnetic dipole of LSR J1835 + 3259, we estimate 15 MeV electron energies, consistent with Jupiter’s radiation belts4. Our results confirm recent predictions of radiation belts at both ends of the stellar mass sequence8,16–19and support broader re-examination of rotating magnetic dipoles in producing non-thermal quiescent radio emissions from brown dwarfs7, fully convective M dwarfs20and massive stars18,21.
Spectroscopic identification of water emission from a main-belt comet
Authors: Kelley Michael S. P. , Hsieh Henry H. , Bodewits Dennis , Saki Mohammad , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Milam Stefanie N. , Hammel Heidi B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMain-belt comets are small Solar System bodies located in the asteroid belt that repeatedly exhibit comet-like activity (that is, dust comae or tails) during their perihelion passages, strongly indicating ice sublimation1,2. Although the existence of main-belt comets implies the presence of extant water ice in the asteroid belt, no gas has been detected around these objects despite intense scrutiny with the world’s largest telescopes3. Here we present James Webb Space Telescope observations that clearly show that main-belt comet 238P/Read has a coma of water vapour, but lacks a significant CO2 gas coma. Our findings demonstrate that the activity of comet Read is driven by water–ice sublimation, and implies that main-belt comets are fundamentally different from the general cometary population. Whether or not comet Read experienced different formation circumstances or evolutionary history, it is unlikely to be a recent asteroid belt interloper from the outer Solar System. On the basis of these results, main-belt comets appear to represent a sample of volatile material that is currently unrepresented in observations of classical comets and the meteoritic record, making them important for understanding the early Solar System’s volatile inventory and its subsequent evolution.
Oxytocin receptor antagonism during early vocal learning reduces song preference and imitation in zebra finches
Authors: Pilgeram Natalie R. , Baran Nicole M. , Bhise Aditya , Davis Matthew T. , Iverson Erik N. K. , Kim Emily , Lee Sumin , Rodriguez-Saltos Carlos A. , Maney Donna L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn species with vocal learning, acquiring species-typical vocalizations relies on early social orienting. In songbirds, for example, learning song requires dynamic social interactions with a “tutor” during an early sensitive period. Here, we hypothesized that the attentional and motivational processes that support song learning recruit the oxytocin system, which is well-understood to play a role in social orienting in other species. Juvenile male zebra finches naïve to song were each tutored by two unfamiliar adult males. Before exposure to one tutor, juveniles were injected subcutaneously with oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTA; ornithine vasotocin) and before exposure to the other, saline (control). Treatment with OTA reduced behaviors associated with approach and attention during tutoring sessions. Using a novel operant paradigm to measure preference while balancing exposure to the two tutor songs, we showed that the juveniles preferred to hear the song of the control tutor. Their adult songs more closely resembled the control tutor’s song, and the magnitude of this difference was predicted by early preference for control over OTA song. Overall, oxytocin antagonism during exposure to a tutor seemed to bias juveniles against that tutor and his song. Our results suggest that oxytocin receptors are important for socially-guided vocal learning.
Repurposing of drugs against methyltransferase as potential Zika virus therapies
Authors: Shukla Rohit , Chandra Anshuman , Kumar Anuj , Kandpal Pallavi , Avashthi Himanshu , Goel Vijay Kumar , Qamar Imteyaz , Singh Nagendra , Kelvin David J. , Singh Tiratha Raj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the outbreak of infectious disease caused by Zika Virus (ZIKV) has posed a major threat to global public health, calling for the development of therapeutics to treat ZIKV disease. Several possible druggable targets involved in virus replication have been identified. In search of additional potential inhibitors, we screened 2895 FDA-approved compounds using Non-Structural Protein 5 (NS5) as a target utilizing virtual screening of in-silco methods. The top 28 compounds with the threshold of binding energy −7.2 kcal/mol value were selected and were cross-docked on the three-dimensional structure of NS5 using AutoDock Tools. Of the 2895 compounds screened, five compounds (Ceforanide, Squanavir, Amcinonide, Cefpiramide, and Olmesartan_Medoxomil) ranked highest based on filtering of having the least negative interactions with the NS5 and were selected for Molecular Dynamic Simulations (MDS) studies. Various parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, PCA and binding free energy were calculated to validate the binding of compounds to the target, ZIKV-NS5. The binding free energy was found to be −114.53, −182.01, −168.19, −91.16, −122.56, and −150.65 kJ mol−1for NS5-SFG, NS5-Ceforanide, NS5-Squanavir, NS5-Amcinonide, NS5-Cefpiramide, and NS5-Ol_Me complexes respectively. The binding energy calculations suggested Cefpiramide and Olmesartan_Medoxomil (Ol_Me) as the most stable compounds for binding to NS5, indicating a strong rationale for their use as lead compounds for development of ZIKV inhibitors. As these drugs have been evaluated on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters only, in vitro and in vivo testing and their impact on Zika viral cell culture may suggest their clinical trials on ZIKV patients.
Circular mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs are a distinct subpopulation of mitochondrial mRNA in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Smoniewski Clara M. , Mirzavand Borujeni Poorya , Petersen Austin , Hampton Marshall , Salavati Reza , Zimmer Sara L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the first identification of circular RNA (circRNA) in viral-like systems, reports of circRNAs and their functions in various organisms, cell types, and organelles have greatly expanded. Here, we report the first evidence, to our knowledge, of circular mRNA in the mitochondrion of the eukaryotic parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. While using a circular RT-PCR technique developed to sequence mRNA tails of mitochondrial transcripts, we found that some mRNAs are circularized without an in vitro circularization step normally required to produce PCR products. Starting from total in vitro circularized RNA and in vivo circRNA, we high-throughput sequenced three transcripts from the 3′ end of the coding region, through the 3′ tail, to the 5′ start of the coding region. We found that fewer reads in the circRNA libraries contained tails than in the total RNA libraries. When tails were present on circRNAs, they were shorter and less adenine-rich than the total population of RNA tails of the same transcript. Additionally, using hidden Markov modelling we determined that enzymatic activity during tail addition is different for circRNAs than for total RNA. Lastly, circRNA UTRs tended to be shorter and more variable than those of the same transcript sequenced from total RNA. We propose a revised model of Trypanosome mitochondrial tail addition, in which a fraction of mRNAs is circularized prior to the addition of adenine-rich tails and may act as a new regulatory molecule or in a degradation pathway.
Third harmonic imaging contrast from tubular structures in the presence of index discontinuity
Authors: Morizet Joséphine , Olivier Nicolas , Mahou Pierre , Boutillon Arthur , Stringari Chiara , Beaurepaire Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate interpretation of third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy images in terms of sample optical properties and microstructure is generally hampered by the presence of excitation field distortions resulting from sample heterogeneity. Numerical methods that account for these artifacts need to be established. In this work, we experimentally and numerically analyze the THG contrast obtained from stretched hollow glass pipettes embedded in different liquids. We also characterize the nonlinear optical properties of 2,2$$'$$

′

-thiodiethanol (TDE), a water-soluble index-matching medium. We find that index discontinuity not only changes the level and modulation amplitude of polarization-resolved THG signals, but can even change the polarization direction producing maximum THG near interfaces. We then show that a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling strategy can accurately account for contrast observed in optically heterogeneous samples, whereas reference Fourier-based numerical approaches are accurate only in the absence of index mismatch. This work opens perspectives for interpreting THG microscopy images of tubular objects and other geometries.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and dyeing performance of novel bis azo dyes derived from benzidine
Authors: Omar Alaa Z. , El-Rahman Mohamed A. , Hamed Ezzat A. , El-Sadany Samir K. , El-atawy Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBenzidine was coupled with ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile, to give azo-hydrazo products which in turn were cyclized by using hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine to give 4,4'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis pyrazole derivatives5–7. These compounds were identified by various spectral analysis. The examination of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl in DMF revealed that the λmaxof the synthesized dyes are quite sensitive to pH variation and slightly affected by the coupler moieties. Utilizing the dispersion agent DYEWELL-002, polyester fabric (PE-F) was dyed in water. The color strength (K/S), its summation (K/Ssum), dye exhaustion (%E) and reflectance values were measured and discussed. The DFT method estimates the chemical descriptor parameters of the titled dyes, using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level to investigate the performance of dyes as well as to postulate a mechanism of dyeing process.
High-performance selective NO2 gas sensor based on In2O3–graphene–Cu nanocomposites
Authors: Khort Alexander , Haiduk Yulyan , Taratyn Igor , Moskovskikh Dmitry , Podbolotov Kirill , Usenka Alexandra , Lapchuk Natalia , Pankov Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe control of atmosphere content and concentration of specific gases are important tasks in many industrial processes, agriculture, environmental and medical applications. Thus there is a high demand to develop new advanced materials with enhanced gas sensing characteristics including high gas selectivity. Herein we report the result of a study on the synthesis, characterization, and investigation of gas sensing properties of In2O3–graphene–Cu composite nanomaterials for sensing elements of single-electrode semiconductor gas sensors. The nanocomposite has a closely interconnected and highly defective structure, which is characterized by high sensitivity to various oxidizing and reducing gases and selectivity to NO2. The In2O3-based materials were obtained by sol–gel method, by adding 0–6 wt% of pre-synthesized graphene–Cu powder into In-containing gel before xerogel formation. The graphene–Cu flakes played the role of centers for In2O3 nucleation and then crystal growth terminators. This led to the formation of structural defects, influencing the surface energy state and concentration of free electrons. The concentration of defects increases with the increase of graphene–Cu content from 1 to 4 wt%, which also affects the gas-sensing properties of the nanocomposites. The sensors show a high sensing response to both oxidizing (NO2) and reducing (acetone, ethanol, methane) gases at an optimal working heating current of 91–161 mA (280–510 °C). The sensor with nanocomposite with 4 wt% of graphene–Cu additive showed the highest sensitivity to NO2 (46 ppm) in comparison with other tested gases with an absolute value of sensing response of (− ) 225 mV at a heating current of 131 mA (430 °C) and linear dependence of sensing response to NO2 concentration.
Outcomes of prostate cancer patients after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy compared with open radical prostatectomy in Korea
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Bae Gi Hwan , Kim Jae Heon , Kim Jaehong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLimited evidence exists regarding the value of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in promoting health outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in Korea, prompting a study to determine its clinical impact. The study included 15,501 patients with PCa who underwent RARP (n = 12,268) or radical prostatectomy (RP) (n = 3,233) between 2009 and 2017. The outcomes were compared using a Cox proportional hazards model after propensity score matching. Hazard ratios of all-cause overall mortality after RARP compared to that after RP within 3 and 12 months were (6.72, 2.00–22.63, p = 0.002) and (5.55, 3.31–9.31, p < 0.0001), respectively. The RARP group in four hospitals with the largest PCa surgery volume during the study period had worse percentile deaths than the total RARP patients within 3- (1.6% vs. 0.63%) and 12-month post-op (6.76% vs. 2.92%). The RARP group showed specific surgical complications, like pneumonia and renal failure, more than the RP group. A significantly higher short-term mortality and only modestly lower surgical complications occurred in RARP than RP group. RARP performance status may not be superior to that of RP as previously reported and perceived, possibly due to increased robotic surgery in the elderly. More meticulous measures are needed for robotic surgery in the elderly.
pH-responsive chitosan/acrylamide/gold/nanocomposite supported with silver nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug
Authors: Nasef Shaimaa M. , Khozemy Ehab E. , Mahmoud Ghada A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we prepared a pH-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel based on chitosan grafted with acrylamide monomer and gold nanoparticles using gamma irradiation method (Cs-g-PAAm/AuNPs). The nanocomposite was enhanced with a layer coating of silver nanoparticles to improve the controlled release of the anticancer drug fluorouracil while increasing antimicrobial activity and decreasing the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in nanocomposite hydrogel by combining with gold nanoparticles to enhance the ability to kill a high number of liver cancer cells. The structure of the nanocomposite materials was studied using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD patterns, which demonstrated the entrapment of gold and silver nanoparticles within the prepared polymer matrix. Dynamic light scattering data revealed the presence of gold and silver in the nanoscale with the polydispersity indexes in the mid-range values, indicating that distribution systems work best. Swelling experiments at various pH levels revealed that the prepared Cs-g-PAAm/Au–Ag-NPs nanocomposite hydrogels were highly responsive to pH changes. Bimetallic pH-responsive Cs-g-PAAm/Au–Ag-NPs nanocomposites exhibit strong antimicrobial activity. The presence of AuNPs reduced the cytotoxicity of AgNPs while increasing their ability to kill a high number of liver cancer cells.Cs-g-PAAm/Au–Ag-NPs has a high amount of fluorouracil drug loaded at pH 7.4 reaching 95 mg/g with a maximum drug release of 97% within 300 min. Cs-g-PAAm/Au–Ag-NPs have been recommended to use as oral delivery of anticancer drugs because they secure the encapsulated drug in the acidic medium of the stomach and release it in the intestinal pH.
Golden ratio in venation patterns of dragonfly wings
Authors: Lu Keene , Shen Samson , Miller Lisa M. , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe vein pattern in insect wings allows this lightweight structure to carry multiple biological functions. Here, an investigation of the angular distribution of the vein struts in dragonfly wings revealed that the golden angle or golden ratio dominates the venation patterns. We find that the golden angle dominates the intervein angles in regions where thin veins and membranes demand strength reinforcement. A golden ratio partition method has thus been developed that explains a set of preferred intervein angles in distorted polygon-shaped venation cells throughout the venation pattern in dragonfly wings. These observations provide new evidence that the wing structure is spatially optimized, by the golden rule in nature, for supporting biomechanical functions of dragonfly wings.
Numerical study of hydrothermal and mass aspects in MHD driven Sisko-nanofluid flow including optimization analysis using response surface method
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Rasool Ghulam , Shafiq Anum , Thumma Thirupathi , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA steady, incompressible, two-dimensional Sisko-nanofluid flow towards the horizontal direction with no movement in the vertical direction is considered on a stretching/shrinking surface. The power law component (Sisko model) is incorporated under the regime of the porous medium. A magnetic impact is included coming from the MHD in the surface normal direction. In addition, thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis are involved in the governing system of equations obtained from the Navier–Stokes model in two-dimensional flow systems. The PDEs are converted into the one-dimensional system using suitable transformations and solved by Galerkin weighted residual method validated with the spectral collocation method. The optimization analysis is performed on heat transfer and skin-friction factors using response surface methodology. The impact of the parameters involved in the model has been testified and is provided in graphical forms. The outcomes indicate that for the values of the porosity factor fluctuating between [0, 2.5], the velocity profile and corresponding boundary layer thickness are lesser towards the maximum value of the parameter, and the results are opposite as the parameter approaches zero. The optimization and sensitivity analysis shows that the transport of heat sensitivity towards thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis declined whenever the Nt and Nb increased from low to high and at the medium level of thermal radiation. An increment in the Forchheimer parameter increases the sensitivity of the rate of friction factor, whereas increasing the Sisk-fluid parameter has the reverse effect. Elongation processes like those of pseudopods and bubbles make use of such models. The idea is also widely used in other sectors, such as the textile industry, glass fiber production, cooling baths, paper manufacture, and many more.
Genetic variation in disease resistance in Drosophila spp. is mitigated in Drosophila sechellia by specialization to a toxic host
Authors: O’Malley Liam , Wang Jonathan , Nikzad Matthew , Sheng Huiyu , St. Leger Raymond 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe found that Drosophila species vary in their susceptibility to the broad-spectrum entomopathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (strain Ma549). Generalist species were generally more resistant than dietary specialists, with the cactophilic Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila sechellia, a specialist of the Morinda citrifolia (Morinda) fruit, being most susceptible. Morinda fruit is reported to be toxic to most herbivores because it contains Octanoic Acid (OA). We confirmed that OA is toxic to Drosophila spp., other than D. sechellia, and we also found that OA is highly toxic to entomopathogenic fungi including Ma549 and Beauveria bassiana. Drosophilasechellia fed a diet containing OA, even at levels much less than found in Morinda fruit, had greatly reduced susceptibility to Ma549. This suggests that specializing to Morinda may have provided an enemy-free space, reducing adaptive prioritization on a strong immune response. Our results demonstrate that M. anisopliae and Drosophila species with divergent lifestyles provide a versatile model system for understanding the mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions at different scales and in environmental context.
From language models to large-scale food and biomedical knowledge graphs
Authors: Cenikj Gjorgjina , Strojnik Lidija , Angelski Risto , Ogrinc Nives , Koroušić Seljak Barbara , Eftimov Tome 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKnowledge about the interactions between dietary and biomedical factors is scattered throughout uncountable research articles in an unstructured form (e.g., text, images, etc.) and requires automatic structuring so that it can be provided to medical professionals in a suitable format. Various biomedical knowledge graphs exist, however, they require further extension with relations between food and biomedical entities. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three state-of-the-art relation-mining pipelines (FooDis, FoodChem and ChemDis) which extract relations between food, chemical and disease entities from textual data. We perform two case studies, where relations were automatically extracted by the pipelines and validated by domain experts. The results show that the pipelines can extract relations with an average precision around 70%, making new discoveries available to domain experts with reduced human effort, since the domain experts should only evaluate the results, instead of finding, and reading all new scientific papers.