bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Distinct HVAC Operation Modes to Improve Demand Response Flexibility in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Economic Analysis for Optimization by HOMER Software
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Suhag Sathans 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry (PMI), the major portion of energy is consumed in heat ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system; therefore, building energy management systems (BEMS) primarily focus on optimizing the energy consumption in HVAC systems. The two operation modes of HVAC, function mode (FM) and non-function mode (NFM), are descriptively explained with their role in improving the flexibility of demanded energy. Both modes are also exposed to hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER) software analysis from an economic perspective. Concerning net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) constraints, the FM/NFM of HVAC is preferable to the FM. This paper recognizes a comparative evaluation of several demand response (DR) alliances to deliver a comprehensive image of the suitability of DR alliances for different PMIs. Further, the paper also explores an innovative concept in the form of a control algorithm and discusses the relevant challenges and future opportunities. Moreover, the use of renewable energy systems (RESs) for enhancing energy management (EM) flexibility with the economy in the PMI or other industries is emphasized through DR alliances. This review study could be helpful to the PMI in terms of managing energy demand and also incorporating DR as an essential aspect of EM.
Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael 
Published: August 2023

Single source reference on how applying thermal spreading and contact resistance can solve problems across a variety of engineering fields
Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications offers comprehensive coverage of the key information that engineers need to know to understand thermal spreading and contact resistance, including numerous predictive models for determining thermal spreading resistance and contact conductance of mechanical joints and interfaces, plus detailed examples throughout the book.
Written by two of the leading experts in the field, Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications includes information on:
Contact conductance, mass transfer, transport from super-hydrophobic surfaces, droplet/surface phase change problems, and tribology applications such as sliding surfaces and roller bearings
Heat transfer in micro-devices and thermal spreaders, orthotropic systems, and multi-source applications for electronics thermal management applications
Fundamental principles, thermal spreading in isotropic half-space regions, circular flux tubes and disc spreaders, and rectangular flux channels and compound spreaders.
Physiological Demands of Exergames in Older Adults—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kubica Claudia , Dütschler Benjamin , Felder Timo , Querciagrossa Dario , Nigg Claudio R. 
Published: August 2023

New approaches are needed to address low physical activity levels among older adults and to promote daily physical activity tailored to their interests and abilities. This study aimed to review the current literature analyzing the physiological demands of exergames in older adults. A systematic database search was conducted in October 2020 and March 2022. A total of 3,540 studies were screened, and 16 were incorporated into the data analysis. The studies included 527 participants, 61% female, with a mean age of 72.3 ± 4.7 years. Analyzed physiological parameters included mean heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, and metabolic equivalents or oxygen uptake. Exergames are capable of offering light- to moderate-intensity activity for older adults (mean heart rate: 108 ± 9.1 bpm; mean rate of perceived exertion: 11.5 ± 1.8; metabolic equivalents: 2.7 ± 0.7). Although implications are positive, high diversity was found in the study design according to intervention duration and assessment of physiological parameters.
Evidence for a radiation belt around a brown dwarf
Authors: Climent J. B. , Guirado J. C. , Pérez-Torres M. , Marcaide J. M. , Peña-Moñino L. 
Published: August 2023

Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) are a category of astronomical objects that includes brown dwarfs and very-low-mass stars. Radio observations of UCDs have measured their brightness as a function of time (light curves) and spectral energy distributions, providing insight into their magnetic fields. We present spatially resolved radio observations of the brown dwarf LSR J1835+3259 using very-long-baseline interferometry showing extended radio emission. The detected morphology is consistent with the presence of a radiation belt. Comparison with models indicates that the radiation belt contains energetic particles confined by magnetic mirroring. We contend that radio-emitting UCDs have dipole-ordered magnetic fields with radiation belt–like morphologies and aurorae that are similar to those of Jupiter.
Yersinia
deploys type III-secreted effectors to evade caspase-4 inflammasome activation in human cells
Authors: Zhang Jenna , Brodsky Igor E. , Shin Sunny 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Yersinia
are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject
Yersinia
outer proteins into the host cytosol to subvert essential components of innate immune signaling. However,
Yersinia
virulence activities can elicit activation of inflammasomes, which lead to inflammatory cell death and cytokine release to contain infection.
Yersinia
activation and evasion of inflammasomes have been characterized in murine macrophages but remain poorly defined in human cells, particularly intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), a primary site of intestinal
Yersinia
infection. In contrast to murine macrophages, we find that in both human IECs and macrophages,
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
T3SS effectors promote evasion of the caspase-4 inflammasome, which senses cytosolic lipopolysaccharide. The anti-phagocytic YopE and YopH, as well as the translocation regulator YopK, were collectively responsible for evading inflammasome activation, in part by inhibiting
Yersinia
internalization mediated by YadA and β1-integrin signaling. These data provide insight into the mechanisms of
Yersinia-
mediated inflammasome activation and evasion in human cells and reveal species-specific differences underlying the regulation of inflammasome responses to
Yersinia
.

IMPORTANCE

Yersinia
are responsible for significant disease burden in humans, ranging from recurrent disease outbreaks (yersiniosis) to pandemics (
Yersinia pestis
plague). Together with rising antibiotic resistance rates, there is a critical need to better understand
Yersinia
pathogenesis and host immune mechanisms, as this information will aid in developing improved immunomodulatory therapeutics. Inflammasome responses in human cells are less studied relative to murine models of infection, though recent studies have uncovered key differences in inflammasome responses between mice and humans. Here, we dissect human intestinal epithelial cell and macrophage inflammasome responses to
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
. Our findings provide insight into species- and cell type-specific differences in inflammasome responses to
Yersinia
.
Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the role of gut microbiome-associated metabolites in diarrhea calves
Authors: Shi Zhihai , Wang Yazhou , Yan Xiangzhou , Ma Xiaoya , Duan Anqin , Hassan Faiz-ul , Wang Wenjia , Deng Tingxian 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Calf diarrhea is a multifactorial disease that affects the cattle industry and accounts for more than 50% of calf mortality. Although there is evidence of an association between altered gut microbiota and diarrhea, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the occurrence of calf diarrhea. Here, we performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on fecal samples from diarrheic and healthy calves of Xia-nan cattle breed. Results revealed that composition of the gut microbiome and metabolome was remarkably altered in diarrheic calves, and gut microbial alterations were associated with diarrhea and linked to the changes in metabolites. Metabolite profiles showed that diarrheic calves exhibited a marked decrease in some purines (adenosine, adenine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, allantoate, deoxyinosine, and deoxyguanosine) and arachidonic acid (prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2) compared to healthy calves. Purine-producing microbial species, including
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Campylobacter coli
,
Treponema porcinum
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, and
Phocaeicola coprophilus
, were significantly reduced in diarrheic calves compared to healthy calves, whereas the arachidonic acid-producing species such as
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Clostridiales bacterium
exhibited a marked increase. These microbial signatures were closely associated with the metabolic dysbiosis of purine and arachidonic acid in diarrhea calves. Our study showed that gut microbiota-driven metabolic disorders of purine or arachidonic acid were associated with calf diarrhea. The findings prove that altered gut microbiota plays a role in diarrhea pathogenesis and indicate that gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be useful for both prevention and treatment of diarrhea.

IMPORTANCE
Calf diarrhea is of great concern to the global dairy industry as it results in significant economic losses due to lower conception rates, reduced milk production, and early culling. Although there is evidence of an association between altered gut microbiota and diarrhea, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the occurrence of calf diarrhea. Here, we used fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to demonstrate that gut microbiota-driven metabolic disorders of purine or arachidonic acid were associated with calf diarrhea. These altered gut microbiotas play vital roles in diarrhea pathogenesis and indicate that gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be useful for both prevention and treatment of diarrhea.
Rv1453
is associated with clofazimine resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Ye , Li Yuanyuan , Huo Fengmin , Chen Xi , Zhu Hui , Guo Shaochen , Fu Lei , Wang Bin , Lu Yu 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Clofazimine (CFZ) has been repurposed for treating tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, the mechanisms of resistance to clofazimine are poorly understood. We previously reported a mutation located in the intergenic region of
Rv1453
that was linked to resistance to CFZ and demonstrated that an
Rv1453
knockout resulted in an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CFZ. The current study aims to go back and describe in detail how the mutation was identified and further explore its association with CFZ resistance by testing additional 30 isolates. We investigated MICs of clofazimine against 100 clinical strains isolated from MDR-TB patients by microplate alamarBlue assay. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 11 clofazimine-resistant and 7 clofazimine-susceptible strains, including H37Rv. Among the 11 clofazimine-resistant mutants subjected to WGS, the rate of mutation in the intergenic region of the
Rv1453
gene was 55% (6/11) in clofazimine-resistant strains. Among another 30 clofazimine-resistant clinical isolates, 27 had mutations in the intergenic region of the
Rv1453
gene. A mutation in the
Rv1453
gene associated with clofazimine resistance was identified, which shed light on the mechanisms of action and resistance of clofazimine.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, especially the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) brings great distress to humans. Clofazimine (CFZ) plays an important role in the treatment of MDR-TB. To understand the underlying mechanism of clofazimine resistance better, in this study, we review and detail the findings of the mutation of intergenic region of
Rv1453
and find additional evidence that this mutation is related to clofazimine resistance in 30 additional isolates. The significance of our research is to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of clofazimine-resistant mechanisms, which is critical for reducing the emergence of resistance and for anti-TB drug discovery.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of cefotaxime-resistant
Salmonella
strains recovered from retail meat samples in Shenzhen, China, during 2014–2017
Authors: Yang Chen , Chen Kaichao , Ye Lianwei , Heng Heng , Yang Xuemei , Wai-chi Chan Edward , Chen Sheng 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

In this work, we collected foodborne
Salmonella
strains in Shenzhen, China, during 2014–2017 and investigated the genetic profile of all cefotaxime-resistant isolates in the collection. The strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and conjugation studies. A total of 79 cefotaxime-resistant
Salmonella
were identified and found to exhibit multidrug resistance. Resistance rate recorded during the study period increased from 1.9% to 9.1%.
Salmonella
Typhimurium was the predominant serovar, and CTX-M family genes were dominant among the ESBLs genes detected. Notably, CTX-M-bearing plasmids or transposons often contain other drug resistance genes. Furthermore, a combination of CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-65 genes was detected for the first time in foodborne
Salmonella
strains. Our findings reveal the prevalence and molecular characteristics of cefotaxime-resistant foodborne
Salmonella
strains in southern China.

IMPORTANCE

Cefotaxime-resistant
Salmonella
strains pose an increasing threat to human health by causing infections with limited treatment options. It is therefore necessary to undertake a surveillance on the prevalence of such strains and investigate the resistance and transmission mechanisms. In this work, various ESBL genes flanked by different IS located in different mobile genetic elements were detectable among cefotaxime-resistant
Salmonella
strains. These data show that the high prevalence and genotypic diversity of cefotaxime-resistant foodborne
Salmonella
strains in China are possibly attributed to the evolution and transmission of a wide range of multidrug resistance-encoding mobile genetic elements.
Antiplatelet therapy and long-term mortality in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Park Jungchan , Kwon Ji-hye , Lee Jong Hwan , Yang Kwangmo , Min Jeong Jin , Lee Sang-Chol , Park Seung Woo , Lee Seung-Hwa 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundsMyocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has recently been accepted as a common complication associated with increased mortality. However, little is known about the treatment of MINS. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between antiplatelet therapy and long-term mortality after MINS.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2019, patients with MINS, defined as having a peak high-sensitivity troponin I higher than 40 ng/L within 30 days after non-cardiac surgery, were screened at a tertiary centre. Patients were excluded if they had a history of coronary revascularisation before or during index hospitalisation. Clinical outcomes at 1 year were compared between patients with and without antiplatelet therapy at hospital discharge. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcome was major bleeding.ResultsOf the 3818 eligible patients with MINS, 940 (24.6%) received antiplatelet therapy at hospital discharge. Patients with antiplatelet therapy had a significantly lower mortality at 1 year than those without antiplatelet therapy (7.5% vs 15.9%, adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.79, p<0.001). A risk of major bleeding at 1 year was not significantly different between the patients with and without antiplatelet therapy (6.6% vs 7.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.17, p=0.324). In propensity score-matched analysis of 886 pairs, patients with antiplatelet therapy had a significantly lower risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.73, p<0.001) than those without antiplatelet therapy.ConclusionsIn patients with MINS, antiplatelet therapy at discharge was associated with decreased 1-year mortality.
Holographic superfluid with gauge–axion coupling
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Xi-Jing , Wu Jian-Pin , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have constructed a holographic superfluid with gauge–axion coupling. Depending on whether the coupling is positive or negative, the system displays metallic or insulating behavior in its normal state. A significant feature of the system is the appearance of a mid-IR peak in the alternating current (AC) conductivity in a certain range of parameters. This peak arises due to competition between explicit symmetry breaking (ESB) and spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), which results in the presence of a pseudo-Goldstone mode. Moreover, a dip in low-frequency AC conductivity is observed, stemming from the excitation of the SSB Goldstone mode. In the superfluid phase, the effect of gauge–axion coupling on the condensation or superfluid energy gap is only amplified in the presence of strong momentum dissipation. Notably, for the case with negative gauge–axion coupling, a hard-gap-like behavior at low frequency and a pronounced peak at intermediate frequency are observed, indicating that the evolution of the superfluid component is distinct from that of positive coupling.
Hypertension-Driven Regulatory T-Cell Perturbations Accelerate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sun Xuan , Feng Yuting , Gong Chenyi , Bao Xue , Wei Zhonghai , Chang Lei , Chen Haiting , Xu Biao 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients with a history of hypertension have elevated inflammation and a worse prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are reported to lose their immunosuppressive capacity under pathological conditions. However, whether hypertension leads to Treg dysfunction, thus accelerating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, is still unknown.

METHODS:
Studies were performed in hypertensive rats and mice with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The frequencies and phenotypes of Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Reconstruction Treg experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of Tregs on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Patients with AMI were enrolled to assess circulating Tregs, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac function.

RESULTS:
In this study, we found that hypertension leads to proinflammatory Th1 (T helper 1 cell)-like Treg subsets with compromised suppressive capacity. Reconstruction Treg experiments identified that dysfunctional Tregs induced by hypertension play a pathogenic role in the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In particular, we identified HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) as a central regulator in the perturbed Tregs. Clinical studies revealed that the hypertension-induced reduction in circulating Tregs strongly correlated with the higher occurrence rate of microvascular obstruction in AMI patients with hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study provided promising clues to explain the poor prognosis of hypertensive AMI patients due to alterations in Tregs. Targeting disturbed Tregs may be a new strategy to treat AMI patients with hypertension.
Impact of Successive Office Blood Pressure Measurements During a Single Visit on Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: Analysis of CARTaGENE
Authors: Desbiens Louis-Charles , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Madore François , Agharazii Mohsen , Goupil Rémi 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Multiple office blood pressure (BP) readings correlate more closely with ambulatory BP than single readings. Whether they are associated with long-term outcomes and improve cardiovascular risk prediction is unknown. Our objective was to assess the long-term impact of multiple office BP readings.

METHODS:

We used data from CARTaGENE, a population-based survey comprising individuals aged 40 to 70 years. Three BP readings (BP
1
, BP
2
, and BP
3
) at 2-minute intervals were obtained using a semiautomated device. They were averaged to generate BP
1-2
, BP
2-3
, and BP
1-2-3
for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP. Cardiovascular events (major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]: cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction) during a 10-year follow-up were recorded. Associations with MACE were obtained using adjusted Cox models. Predictive performance was assessed with 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease scores and their associated C statistics.

RESULTS:

In the 17 966 eligible individuals, 2378 experienced a MACE during follow-up. Crude SBP values ranged from 122.5 to 126.5 mm Hg. SBP
3
had the strongest association with MACE incidence (hazard ratio, 1.10 [1.05–1.15] per SD) and SBP
1
the weakest (hazard ratio, 1.06 [1.01–1.10]). All models including SBP
1
(SBP
1
, SBP
1-2
, and SBP
1-2-3
) were underperformed. At a given SBP value, the excess MACE risk conferred by SBP
3
was 2× greater than SBP
1
. In atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease scores, SBP
3
yielded the highest C statistic, significantly higher than most other SBP measures. In contrast to SBP, all diastolic BP readings yielded similar results.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiovascular risk prediction is improved by successive office SBP values, especially when the first reading is discarded. These findings reinforce the necessity of using multiple office BP readings.
Long-Term Stroke Risk in Patients With New Ischemic Brain Lesions on MRI After Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Donners Simone J.A. , Rots Marjolijn L. , Toorop Raechel J. , van der Lugt Aad , Bonati Leo H. , de Borst Gert J. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Carotid artery revascularization can result in new ischemic brain lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between periprocedural ischemic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions after carotid artery revascularization and recurrent long-term cerebrovascular events.

METHODS:
A secondary observational prospective cohort analysis of existing clinical trial data was performed on 162 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis that were previously randomized to carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy in the ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study) and included in the magnetic resonance imaging substudy. Magnetic resonance imagings were performed 1 to 7 days before and 1 to 3 days after treatment. The primary composite clinical outcome was the time to any stroke or transient ischemic attack during follow-up. Patients with new diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions on posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging scan (DWI+) were compared with patients without new lesions (DWI–).

RESULTS:
The median time of follow-up was 8.6 years (interquartile range, 5.0–12.5). Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence for the primary outcome after 12.5-year follow-up was 35.3% (SE, 8.9%) in DWI+ patients and 31.1% (SE, 5.6%) in DWI− patients. Uni- and multivariable regression analyses did not show significant differences (hazard ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.76–2.94] and hazard ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.10–1.02], respectively). Higher event rate of the primary outcome in DWI+ patients in the overall cohort was mainly caused by events in the carotid artery stenting group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on our outcome analysis within the ICSS magnetic resonance imaging substudy, DWI lesions following carotid revascularization did not seem to have a relationship with long-term stroke risk.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN 25337470.