bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic vasculitis with latent tuberculosis infection and associated factors: a cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: Zhong Jingjing , Li Yuanchun , Chen Yan , Shi Xiaochun , Zhou Baotong , Ruan Guiren , Zhang Lifan , Liu Xiaoqing ,   for the ETHERTB study team
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Systemic vasculitis patients are at a higher risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, there is currently no literature elucidating the positivity rate and risk factors for LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients.

Methods
Our study is a multi-center, cross-sectional study that enrolled systemic vasculitis patients from 13 comprehensive hospitals in China. T-SPOT.TB as the screening method for LTBI, the study investigated the positivity rate of LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients and the factors associated with T-SPOT.TB results.

Results
A total of 191 systemic vasculitis patients were included and the positive rate of T-SPOT.TB was 31.4%. The highest T-SPOT.TB positivity rate was observed in Behçet’s syndrome (BD) (72/191, 37.7%). There were statistically significant differences between the LTBI group and non-LTBI group in terms of systemic vasculitis type (P = 0.010), albumin levels (P = 0.034), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.016), and corticosteroid dosage (P = 0.047). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that smoking history (aOR = 3.809, 95%CI: 1.341–10.817) and BD (aOR = 2.106, 95%CI: 1.042–4.254) were independent risk factors of T-SPOT.TB postive results, besides decreased lymphocyte count (aOR = 0.114, 95%CI: 0.013–0.973), and high-dose glucocorticoids use (aOR = 0.386, 95%CI: 0.149–1.003) were independent risk factors of T-SPOT.TB negative results.

Conclusions
The prevalence of LTBI is high in systemic vasculitis patients, especially those with BD or smoking history. Patients with decreased lymphocyte counts and high-dose glucocorticoid use are more likely to have a negative T-SPOT.TB results. Therefore, LTBI screening should be performed based on the characteristics of the patient during the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis.

Key Points• We explored the positivity rate and risk factors of LTBI in systemic vasculitis patients from 13 hospitals in China.• There were 191 systemic vasculitis patients in our study. The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB was 31.4%. The predominant type of systemic vasculitis was BD, with a T-SPOT.TB positive rate of 44.4%. The second type was TA, with a T-SPOT.TB positive rate of 25.0%.• The prevalence of LTBI is high in systemic vasculitis patients, especially those with Behçet’s syndrome or smoking history. Decreased lymphocyte counts and high-dose glucocorticoid use are more likely to have a negative T-SPOT.TB results.• LTBI screening using T-SPOT.TB should be conducted during the diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis.
Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach
Authors: Tooby James , Rowson Steve , Till Kevin , Allan David , Bussey Melanie Dawn , Cazzola Dario , Falvey Éanna , Friesen Kenzie , Gardner Andrew J. , Owen Cameron , Roe Gregory , Sawczuk Thomas , Starling Lindsay , Stokes Keith , Tierney Gregory , Tucker Ross , Jones Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a growing concern in contact sports, prompting two rugby governing bodies to mandate instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). This has resulted in an influx of data imposing financial and time constraints. This study presents two computational methods that leverage a dataset of video-coded match events: cross-correlation synchronisation aligns iMG data to a video recording, by providing playback timestamps for each HAE, enabling analysts to locate them in video footage; and post-synchronisation event matching identifies the coded match event (e.g. tackles and ball carries) from a video analysis dataset for each HAE, this process is important for calculating the probability of match events resulting in HAEs. Given the professional context of iMGs in rugby, utilising commercial sources of coded match event datasets may expedite iMG analysis.

Methods
Accuracy and validity of the methods were assessed via video verification during 60 rugby matches. The accuracy of cross-correlation synchronisation was determined by calculating synchronisation error, whilst the validity of post-synchronisation event matching was evaluated using diagnostic accuracy measures (e.g. positive predictive value [PPV] and sensitivity).

Results

Cross-correlation synchronisation yielded mean synchronisation errors of 0.61–0.71 s, with all matches synchronised within 3 s’ error. Post-synchronisation event matching achieved PPVs of 0.90–0.95 and sensitivity of 0.99–1.00 for identifying correct match events for SAEs.

Conclusion
Both methods achieved high accuracy and validity with the data sources used in this study. Implementation depends on the availability of a dataset of video-coded match events; however, integrating commercially available video-coded datasets offers the potential to expedite iMG analysis, improve feedback timeliness, and augment research analysis.
Geographic distance shapes morphological and molecular disparities in a common diatom species as revealed by geometric morphometry and metabarcoding
Authors: Borrego-Ramos María , Becares Eloy , Blanco Saúl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diatoms, a highly diverse group, are sensitive indicators of aquatic environmental conditions, yet doubts persist regarding species distribution and distance-based factors influencing their populations. This study explores the relationship between geographical distance and the morphological and genetic differences among Achnanthidium minutissimum populations in freshwater ecosystems. Cell outlines were objectively captured by means of geometric morphometry, whereas rbcL marker was used for molecular approach. Our results indicate that the geographical factors significantly influence the morphological and molecular disparities among populations. Despite the absence of evident physical barriers, persistent spatial distance contributes to the observed differentiation among diatom populations. This emphasizes the crucial role of geographical isolation in shaping genetic divergence and morphological disparities, highlighting the need to consider spatial factors in understanding diatom diversity and distribution. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of molecular tools in revealing hidden genetic patterns and exploring evolutionary dynamics within diatom species.
Decoding Palaeolithic Hand Stencils: Age and Sex Identification Through Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Navarro V. Fernández , Casares D. Fidalgo , Martínez D. García , Maidagan D. Garate 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study pioneers the application of geometric morphometrics to Palaeolithic hand stencils, offering new insights into the problematics of classic rock art using innovative methodology. Employing a triple approach encompassing contemporary, experimental, and archaeological populations, the research achieves a precise estimation of age and biological sex through hand morphometry, enhancing our anthropometric understanding of the individuals whose hands were stencilled. The results of the analysis of the archaeological sample reveals a notable presence of sub-adults, indicating children’s participation in the creation of hand stencils. The findings also suggest a balanced, mixed participation between sexes across age groups and cave locations, reflecting cohesive social behaviour among Upper Palaeolithic human groups. Statistical analysis indicates that finger width in the Palaeolithic population is larger than in the modern sample, possibly due to a more active lifestyle. Most importantly, the study demonstrates the methodology’s repeatability across various chronologies and geographies, especially in well-preserved samples, underscoring its applicability worldwide. Overall, this research represents a significant methodological advancement in our ability to understand Palaeolithic rock art, shedding light on lifestyle and cultural dynamics of hunter-gatherer societies.
Resilience factors in parents of children in need of care
Authors: Broll Jan , Schäfer Sarah K. , Lüdecke Daniel , Nickel Stefan , Lieb Klaus , Helmreich Isabella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parents of children in need of care, such as those caring for chronically ill and disabled children, are exposed to significant stress associated with caregiving, placing them at risk for mental disorders. Resilience factors, as psychological resources, can help mitigate the negative effects of stress for both parents and their children, ultimately promoting resilient outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between resilience factors and resilient outcomes in this highly stressor-exposed population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience factors and resilient outcomes in parents of children in need of care, thereby contributing to a better understanding of how these factors can influence parents’ quality of life. A sample of 202 German-speaking parents of children in need of care from a non-randomized controlled trial (ID: NCT05418205) completed measures assessing resilience-related outcomes, including indicators of mental distress, well-being, perceived stress, and the ability to recover from stressors. Using k-means cluster analysis, two clusters were identified, differentiating burdened and unburdened individuals based on their responses. Logistic regression was subsequently conducted to examine the predictive role of psychological resilience factors—self-efficacy, social support, optimism, internal locus of control, and family cohesion—in distinguishing between the two groups. Results from the logistic regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and family cohesion were significant predictors of cluster membership. These findings contribute to the understanding of the influence of resilience factors on resilient outcomes in parents of children in need of care.
Synthesis and characterization of zirconium oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via the heat treatment of zirconium polyacrylate in an ammonia atmosphere
Authors: Ueno Atsuhiro , Seino Satoshi , Tamaki Yushi , Uetake Yuta , Nagai Takaaki , Monden Ryuji , Ishihara Akimitsu , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Zirconium oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells were synthesized via heat treatment of zirconium polyacrylate in an NH3 atmosphere. The effects of gas atmosphere and heat treatment temperature on the material structure were systematically examined. The formation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles and carbon residues, which act as electron conduction paths, was observed in all samples. The structure of the material varied significantly depending on the heat treatment conditions. The samples heat-treated in the NH3 atmosphere showed greater exposure to zirconium oxide nanoparticles and an increase in the specific surface area of the carbon residue caused by NH3-induced etching. In addition, the conductivity of the carbon residue increased, and its quantity decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. This trade-off was optimally controlled at 800 °C, which resulted in a high rest potential and a large ORR current density. This study demonstrates that the heat treatment of organometallic complexes in an NH3 atmosphere is highly effective for exposing metal oxide nanoparticles and increasing the specific surface area of the carbon residue, providing valuable insights into the design of electron conduction paths for metal oxide-based catalysts.

Graphical abstract
Investigation and predictive modeling of the optical behavior of chalcogenide thin film using different artificial neural network techniques
Authors: Lebda H. I. , Atyia H. E. , Mohamed R. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The

$${\text{Te}}_{72}{\text{Ge}}_{24}{\text{As}}_{4}$$

Te
72

Ge
24

As
4

samples were recently created in our laboratory in bulk form using the traditional melt-quench method. For its optical characterization. The studied thin film samples have been created using physical vapor deposition. By selecting the 400 nm to 2500 nm spectral range of wavelength, the spectral of the experimental transmission T(λ) and reflectance R(λ) for the studied film samples have been employed to examine optical characteristics. First, we have determined the extinction coefficient (

$$k$$

k

) and refraction index (

$$n$$

n

) indices and their spectral distribution of them. Using Tauc's theory, we then computed the optical band gap

$${E}_{\text{opt}}$$

E
opt

. Urbach energy

$${E}_{r}$$

E
r

is determined from the linear dependence of photon energy on the absorption coefficient which was taken as an indicator to identify the disorder degree in the films. The additional variables, like the dissipation and quality factors, the dielectric constant in complex form, optical, thermal, and electrical conductivity, and volume/surface energy were measured. A comprehensive analysis and predictive modeling using various artificial neural networks (ANNs) techniques were applied to examine the optical behavior of the film samples studied. Materials made of chalcogenide are well-known for having special optical properties, making them appropriate for applications in photonics and optoelectronics. We employed multiple architectures, including Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), to model the extinction coefficient (

$$k$$

k

) and the refractive index (

$$n$$

n

) of these films using experimental data. The performance of each model was evaluated using metrics such as mean squared error MSE and correlation coefficients R
2. The optical parameters relevant to absorbance, refractive indices, and dielectric coefficients are computed rely on the modeling results and compared with those computed based on experimental measurements. Results demonstrate that FNN and RNN effectively capture the complex relationships between the optical parameters and exhibit small error rates. FFN shows superior accuracy in prediction. That highlights the potential of ANN techniques for advancing the understanding of chalcogenide materials and their applications in modern technology.
Autoradiography of Intracerebral Tumours in the Chick Embryo Model: A Feasibility Study Using Different PET Tracers
Authors: Krause Sandra , Florea Alexandru , Choi Chang-Hoon , Worthoff Wieland A. , Heinzel Alexander , Fischer Saskia , Burda Nicole , Neumaier Bernd , Shah N. Jon , Lohmann Philipp , Mottaghy Felix M. , Langen Karl-Josef , Stegmayr Carina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In addition to rodent models, the chick embryo model has gained attention for radiotracer evaluation. Previous studies have investigated tumours on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), but its value for radiotracer imaging of intracerebral tumours has yet to be demonstrated.

Procedures
Human U87 glioblastoma cells and U87-IDH1 mutant glioma cells were implanted into the brains of chick embryos at developmental day 5. After 12–14 days of tumour growth, blood–brain-barrier integrity was evaluated in vivo using MRI contrast enhancement or ex vivo with Evans blue dye. The tracers O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) (n = 5), 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA) (n = 3), or [68Ga] labelled quinoline-based small molecule fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([68Ga]FAPI-46) (n = 4) were injected intravenously if solid tumours were detected with MRI. For time-activity curves for [18F]FET, additional micro PET (µPET) was performed. The chick embryos were sacrificed 60 min post-injection, and cryosections of the tumour-bearing brains were produced and evaluated with autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Intracerebral tumours were produced with a 100% success rate in viable chick embryos at the experimental endpoint. However, 52% of chick embryos (n = 85) did not survive the procedure to embryonic development day 20. For the evaluated radiotracers, the tumour-to-brain ratios (TBR) derived from ex vivo autoradiography, as well as the tracer kinetics derived from µPET for intracerebral chick embryo tumours, were comparable to those previously reported in rodents and patients: the TBRmean for [18F]FET was 1.69 ± 0.54 (n = 5), and 3.8 for one hypermetabolic tumour and < 2.0 for two isometabolic tumors using [18F]FDOPA, with a TBRmean of 1.92 ± 1,11 (n = 3). The TBRmean of [68Ga]FAPI-46 for intracerebral chick embryo tumours was 19.13 ± 0.64 (n = 4). An intact blood-tumour barrier was observed in one U87-MG tumour (n = 5).

Conclusions
Radiotracer imaging of intracerebral tumours in the chick embryo offers a fast model for the evaluation of radiotracer uptake, accumulation, and kinetics. Our results indicate a high comparability between intracerebral tumour imaging in chick embryos and xenograft rodent models or brain tumour patients.
A note on reduction of tiling problems
Authors: Meyerovitch Tom , Sanadhya Shrey , Solomon Yaar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that translational tiling problems in a quotient of ℤ
d
can be effectively reduced or “simulated” by translational tiling problems in ℤ
d
. In particular, for any d ∈ ℕ, k < d and N
1, …, N

k
∈ ℕ the existence of an aperiodic tile in ℤ
d−k
× (ℤ/N
1ℤ × ⋯ × ℤ/N

k
ℤ) implies the existence of an aperiodic tile in ℤ
d
. Greenfeld and Tao have recently disproved the well-known periodic tiling conjecture in ℤ
d
for sufficiently large d ∈ ℕ by constructing an aperiodic tile in ℤ
d−k
× (ℤ/N
1ℤ × ⋯ × ℤ/N

k
ℤ) for a suitable d, N
1,⋯, N

k
∈ ℕ.
Cardiotoxic Effects Following CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Literature Review
Authors: Joseph Tony , Sanchez Jimmy , Abbasi Ahmed , Zhang Lili , Sica R. Alejandro , Duong Tim Q. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This paper reviewed the current literature on incidence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) cardiotoxicity.

Recent Findings
CAR-T therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies since FDA approval in 2017. CAR-T therapy is however associated with a few side effects, among which cardiotoxicity is of significant concern. There were only a few studies on CAR-T cardiotoxicity published to date with limited sample sizes, and their findings were heterogeneous. It was difficult to reach generalizable conclusions.

Summary
CAR-T therapy was associated with significant risks for acute and subacute cardiotoxicity, as measured by echocardiograms, EKG, and blood biomarkers. Patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) grade 2 or higher were more likely to exhibit cardiotoxicity. The most prevalent cardiac events included hypotension-requiring inotropic or vasopressor support, tachycardia, heart failure/decompensation, atrial fibrillation, new or worsening cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocarditis, cardiac arrest, and cardiovascular death. The most prevalent echocardiographic changes were systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction, and abnormal echocardiogram findings. There were differences in findings between adult and pediatric patients. The long-term effects beyond a year post treatment remain largely unknown and long-term follow-up studies are warranted.
The impact of apoptosis-inducing MAPK and glycolytic pathways modulated by Aloe vera and royal jelly in lung and colorectal cancer
Authors: Kul Köprülü Tuğba , Gezer Bahar , Erkal Çam Burçin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lung and colon cancer are among the most commonly diagnosed and fatal cancer types in the world. Due to their metastatic properties, they complicate the treatment process and pose a great threat to human health. These aggressive types of cancer are resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, it is extremely important to investigate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds. In our previous study, effective doses of Royal Jelly (RJ) (100 mg/mL) and Aloe vera (AVE) (20 µg/mL) were determined and tested separately and in combination on lung and colorectal cancer cells. Glycolytic capacities were determined using the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer, total transcriptome profiles were sequenced using NovaSeq 6000, and BAX and BCL-2 gene levels were determined using RT-qPCR. It was seen that RJ and RJ + AVE affected glycolytic capacity and more genes in lung cancer cells. In HT29, AVE alone was seen to reduce glycolytic capacity and RJ + AVE combination was seen to reduce the expression level of genes related to cell proliferation and cycle. After RJ + AVE treatments, the apoptotic process which is triggered via MAPK pathway was found in lung cancer. Moreover, BAX levels increased and BCL-2 levels decreased both lung and colorectal cancer cells. It was observed that the combination of RJ and AVE affected the glycolysis process, cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis on lung and colorectal cancer. In particular, the combination of RJ + AVE was found to be more effective on lung cancer.
Revealing the nature of soil liquefaction using machine learning
Authors: Ghani Sufyan , Thapa Ishwor , Kumari Sunita , Correia Antonio Gomes , Asteris Panagiotis G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study highlights the importance of consistently assessing soil and subsoil liquefaction susceptibility in construction projects through comprehensive evaluation and regular site investigations. Despite the abundance of geotechnical reports, many remain underutilized post-project completion, while the literature contains numerous site-specific case studies. To address this gap, this study suggests integrating site-specific reports tailored to both the site and the region, aiming to extract valuable insights into liquefaction potential. Utilizing ensemble-based machine learning techniques, two databases of soil liquefaction were analyzed to predict the probability of liquefaction failure (PLF). The results reveal the superior accuracy of the Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model, achieving an almost ideal accuracy in predicting PLF. Despite its generalization across diverse geographical patterns, the GBR model encounters limitations with insufficient experimental data within specific parameter ranges. To address this, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed by leveraging data from previous liquefaction records to predict PLF. The GUI, which has been included as supplementary material, proved to be a useful tool for liquefaction risk assessment, and its predictive capabilities make it invaluable for both practical applications and educational purposes. This empowers engineers, urban planners, and decision-makers to make informed decisions and implement proactive measures for disaster mitigation and infrastructure development resilience.