bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical liver traits are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain imaging markers
Authors: Yilmaz Pinar , Alferink Louise J. M. , Cremers Lotte G. M. , Murad Sarwa D. , Niessen Wiro J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsImpaired liver function affects brain health and therefore understanding potential mechanisms for subclinical liver disease is essential. We assessed the liver–brain associations using liver measures with brain imaging markers, and cognitive measures in the general population.MethodsWithin the population‐based Rotterdam Study, liver serum and imaging measures (ultrasound and transient elastography), metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis phenotypes, and brain structure were determined in 3493 non‐demented and stroke‐free participants in 2009–2014. This resulted in subgroups of n = 3493 for MAFLD (mean age 69 ± 9 years, 56% ♀), n = 2938 for NAFLD (mean age 70 ± 9 years, 56% ♀) and n = 2252 for fibrosis (mean age 65 ± 7 years, 54% ♀). Imaging markers of small vessel disease and neurodegeneration, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain perfusion (BP) were acquired from brain MRI (1.5‐tesla). General cognitive function was assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination and the g‐factor. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used for liver‐brain associations and adjusted for age, sex, intracranial volume, cardiovascular risk factors and alcohol use.ResultsHigher gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were significantly associated with smaller total brain volume (TBV, standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.03 to −0.01); p = 8.4·10−4), grey matter volumes, and lower CBF and BP. Liver serum measures were not related to small vessel disease markers, nor to white matter microstructural integrity or general cognition. Participants with ultrasound‐based liver steatosis had a higher fractional anisotropy (FA, SMD 0.11, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.17), p = 1.5·10−3) and lower CBF and BP. MAFLD and NAFLD phenotypes were associated with alterations in white matter microstructural integrity (NAFLD ~ FA, SMD 0.14, 95% CI (0.07 to 0.22), p = 1.6·10−4; NAFLD ~ mean diffusivity, SMD −0.12, 95% CI (−0.18 to −0.05), p = 4.7·10−4) and also with lower CBF and BP (MAFLD ~ CBF, SMD −0.13, 95% CI (−0.20 to −0.06), p = 3.1·10−4; MAFLD ~ BP, SMD −0.12, 95% CI (−0.20 to −0.05), p = 1.6·10−3). Furthermore, fibrosis phenotypes were related to TBV, grey and white matter volumes.ConclusionsPresence of liver steatosis, fibrosis and elevated serum GGT are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain markers in a population‐based cross‐sectional setting. Understanding the hepatic role in brain changes can target modifiable factors and prevent brain dysfunction.
Molecular insights into the dynamics of species invasion by hybridisation in Tasmanian eucalypts
Authors: Pfeilsticker Thais R. , Jones Rebecca C. , Steane Dorothy A. , Vaillancourt René E. , Potts Brad M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn plants where seed dispersal is limited compared with pollen dispersal, hybridisation may enhance gene exchange and species dispersal. We provide genetic evidence of hybridisation contributing to the expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii into the range of the widespread Eucalyptus amygdalina. These closely related tree species are morphologically distinct, and observations suggest that natural hybrids occur along their distribution boundaries and as isolated trees or in small patches within the range of E. amygdalina. Hybrid phenotypes occur outside the range of normal dispersal for E. risdonii seed, yet in some hybrid patches small individuals resembling E. risdonii occur and are hypothesised to be a result of backcrossing. Using 3362 genome‐wide SNPs assessed from 97 individuals of E. risdonii and E. amygdalina and 171 hybrid trees, we show that (i) isolated hybrids match the genotypes expected of F1/F2 hybrids, (ii) there is a continuum in the genetic composition among the isolated hybrid patches from patches dominated by F1/F2‐like genotypes to those dominated by E. risdonii‐backcross genotypes, and (iii) the E. risdonii‐like phenotypes in the isolated hybrid patches are most‐closely related to proximal larger hybrids. These results suggest that the E. risdonii phenotype has been resurrected in isolated hybrid patches established from pollen dispersal, providing the first steps in its invasion of suitable habitat by long‐distance pollen dispersal and complete introgressive displacement of E. amygdalina. Such expansion accords with the population demographics, common garden performance data, and climate modelling which favours E. risdonii and highlights a role of interspecific hybridisation in climate change adaptation and species expansion.
Resveratrol for preventing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws in rats
Authors: Vitale Marcelo , Corrêa Mônica Grazieli , Ervolino Edilson , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Monteiro Mabelle Freitas , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Pimentel Suzana Peres 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of resveratrol (RES) on the prevention of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Fifty rats were distributed in five groups: SHAM (n = 10): non‐ovariectomy + placebo; OVX (n = 10):ovariectomy + placebo; OVX + RES (n = 10):ovariectomy + resveratrol; OVX + ZOL (n = 10):ovariectomy + placebo + zoledronate; and OVX + RES + ZOL (n = 10):ovariectomy + resveratrol + zoledronate. The mandibles left sides were analyzed with micro‐CT, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. On the right side, bone markers gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. ZOL increased the percentage of necrotic bone and reduced the neo‐formed bone compared to groups not receiving ZOL (p < 0.05). RES impacted the tissue healing pattern in OVX + ZOL + RES, reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate, and improved bone formation in the extraction site. Osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐, and osteocalcin (OCN)‐immunoreactive cells were lower in OVX‐ZOL than in SHAM, OVX, and OVX‐RES. The OXV‐ZOL‐RES had fewer osteoblasts and ALP‐ and OCN‐cells than the SHAM and OVX‐RES. The tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were reduced in the presence of ZOL (p < 0.05), while the TRAP mRNA levels increased with ZOL treatment, with or without resveratrol, compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). RES alone increased superoxide dismutase levels compared to OVX + ZOL and OVX + ZOL + RES (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol reduced the tissue impairment severity induced by ZOL; however, it could not prevent the occurrence of MRONJ.
Liver transplantation for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) using a heterozygous donor: Outcomes and review of the literature
Authors: Sood Vikrant , Lee Eliza J. , Raghu Vikram , Reyes‐Mugica Miguel , Salgado Claudia M. , Squires James , Mazariegos George 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) accounts for 21% of all pediatric liver transplants due to metabolic disease in the western world. Donor heterozygosity has been evaluated in adults but not to a recipient with A1ATD.MethodsThe data of patient were retrospectively analyzed and a literature review performed.ResultsWe present a unique case of living related donation from a A1ATD heterozygote female to a child for decompensated cirrhosis due to A1ATD. In the immediate postoperative period, the child had low‐alpha 1 antitrypsin levels, but these normalized by 3 months posttransplant. He is currently 19 months post‐transplant with no evidence of recurrent disease.ConclusionOur case provides initial evidence that A1ATD heterozygote donors may be safely used for pediatric patients with A1ATD, thus expanding the donor pool.
The economic drivers of political time
Authors: Taylor Mark Zachary 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSkowronek's theory of “political time” posits that presidential success follows historical cycles, but it does not specify a unique causal mechanism. Each president merely reacts to their predecessor or to historical circumstance. Scholars of “political time” also suggest that the power of history may be diminishing over time. This article uses theory and evidence to address the causality issue in both instances. First, it shows that economic crises drive political time forward. Second, it argues that recent political commitments to a combination of New Deal and Reaganite ideas and policies have been used to attenuate economic crises. Hence, it is not that the power of history has waned. Rather, the causal nature of political time has been under‐specified.
EEG and pupillometric signatures of working memory overload
Authors: Kosachenko Alexandra I. , Kasanov Dauren , Kotyusov Alexander I. , Pavlov Yuri G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physiological correlates of cognitive overload has implications for gauging the limits of human cognition, developing novel methods to define cognitive overload, and mitigating the negative outcomes associated with overload. Most previous psychophysiological studies manipulated verbal working memory load in a narrow range (an average load of 5 items). It is unclear, however, how the nervous system responds to a working memory load exceeding typical capacity limits. The objective of the current study was to characterize the central and autonomic nervous system changes associated with memory overload, by means of combined recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and pupillometry. Eighty‐six participants were presented with a digit span task involving the serial auditory presentation of items. Each trial consisted of sequences of either 5, 9, or 13 digits, each separated by 2 s. Both theta activity and pupil size, after the initial rise, expressed a pattern of a short plateau and a decrease with reaching the state of memory overload, indicating that pupil size and theta possibly have similar neural mechanisms. Based on the described above triphasic pattern of pupil size temporal dynamics, we concluded that cognitive overload causes physiological systems to reset, and release effort. Although memory capacity limits were exceeded and effort was released (as indicated by pupil dilation), alpha continued to decrease with increasing memory load. These results suggest that associating alpha with the focus of attention and distractor suppression is not warranted.
Impact of intrauterine infusion ofPlatelets‐Richplasma on endometritis and reproductive performance of Arabian mare
Authors: Ghallab Rezk S. , El‐beskawy Mohamed , El‐Shereif Abdelghany A. , Rashad Amr M. A. , Elbehiry Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEquine endometritis is one of the most common causes of reproduction failure. To achieve better treatment outcomes, different diagnostic methods should be combined. In the current study, 39 repeat breeder mares were subjected to ultrasonography examination to detect excessive accumulation of intrauterine fluids and an abnormal oedema pattern, which revealed that 61.5% of mares were positive. Combined with endometrial cytology by low‐volume uterine flush, 47.7% of smears contain neutrophils (more than 2–3 per HPF X100), and microbial culture. 92.3% of mares were infected with different bacterial isolates, such asEscherichia coli, Streptococci, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia alcalifaciens,andProteus mirabilis. All mares were given saline solution and gravity withdrawal before being given 20 IU of oxytocin (as ecbolic agents). Mares were divided into three groups; Group one (n = 15) received an intrauterine infusion of 20 mL of freshly prepared autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) 6 h after breeding, Group two (n = 15) was treated with three doses of systemic Enrofloxacin 5% during the estrus period, and Group three (n = 9) received only uterine lavage and 20 IU of oxytocin. PRP and Enrofloxacin resulted in a significant (p < .05) reduction in endometrial thickness (oedema; 5.05 and 6.74 mm, respectively) and disappearance of intrauterine fluids compared to the control (10.98 mm). Furthermore, PRP (days) and Enrofloxacin (17.89 days) reduced the days to the next oestrus compared to the control (18.58 and 17.89 vs. 21.19 days, respectively). Furthermore, the pregnancy rate improved to reach 70% in the PRP group and 60% in the Enrofloxacin group, while the control remained low at 22%. In conclusion, autologous PRP can be used as a low‐cost alternative therapy for modulating the inflammatory process and effectively treating mares' endometritis.
Listening to the Soviet Union’s “Silent” Majority: The Evasion of Labor Obligations on the Home Front, 1941–45
Authors: Khlevniuk Oleg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale evasion of the requirements of the law is a substantial part of the interaction between citizen and state under authoritarian regimes. Forced to exist within a coordinate grid established against their will, people routinely play games with the state with the goal of minimizing the hardships of life. Tactics of covert resistance are not necessarily politically motivated by conscious opposition to the regime. Instead, these are a matter of accommodation and survival. It is precisely these popular illegalities that, paradoxically, do not so much weaken a system intended to achieve full implementation of its instructions, but instead strengthen it to a certain degree. Evasion serves as a safeguard against social burnout, replete with unpredictable reactions born of desperation. This article examines practices of mass illegality via examples of evasion of labor obligations in the Soviet Union during the war with Nazi Germany. It analyzes instances that primarily involved peasants, especially women, who predominated in the Soviet rear areas after the men were conscripted into the army. This discriminated‐against and uneducated majority rarely enters historians’ field of vision, which concentrates on the diaries and memoirs of the educated, urban part of the Soviet population.
The roots of inequality: estimating inequality of opportunity from regression trees and forests*
Authors: Brunori Paolo , Hufe Paul , Mahler Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose the use of machine learning methods to estimate inequality of opportunity and to illustrate that regression trees and forests represent a substantial improvement over existing approaches: they reduce the risk of ad hoc model selection and trade off upward and downward bias in inequality of opportunity estimates. The advantages of regression trees and forests are illustrated by an empirical application for a cross‐section of 31 European countries. We show that arbitrary model selection might lead to significant biases in inequality of opportunity estimates relative to our preferred method. These biases are reflected in both point estimates and country rankings.
Is anybody there? A longitudinal examination of help‐seeking and suicidal risk among Latino, Black, andnon‐Hispanicwhite adolescents
Authors: De Luca Susan , Yan Yueqi , O'Donnell Kari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding adolescents' and emerging adults' help‐seeking behaviors is important to curb suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), especially among racial/ethnic minorities who have some of the highest chronic rates of STB in the United States. Learning how diverse groups of adolescents seek help during emotional crises can help us understand the stark health disparities related to suicide risk and respond to them in culturally informed ways.MethodsThe study observed adolescents via a nationally representative sample (n = 20,745) over 14 years (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health [Add Health]) to examine the association between help‐seeking behaviors and STB. Longitudinal multinomial logistic regressions were run to assess for racial/ethnic and gender disparities.ResultsHelp‐seeking was not protective for Black female STB but alternatively was protective for each male group (non‐Hispanic white, Black, and Latino). Latinas in their early‐to‐late 20s with no self‐reported STB were at an extremely high risk of suicide attempts just 6 years later.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine race/ethnicity*gender in six independent groups to assess suicidality longitudinally among a nationally representative sample. Tailoring existing interventions to meet the needs of growing and diverse communities is critical for suicide prevention programs and policies.
(L)earning: Exploring the value of paid roles for medical students
Authors: Callaghan Jonathan P. , Freimane Katrina Z. , Kearney Grainne P. , Hart Nigel D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Medical Student Technician (MST) role is a paid position established in Northern Ireland in 2020. The Experience‐Based Learning (ExBL) model is a contemporary medical education pedagogy advocating supported participation to develop capabilities important for doctors‐to‐be. In this study, we used the ExBL model to explore the experiences of MSTs and how the role contributed to students' professional development and preparedness for practice.MethodsA convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit a total of 17 MSTs in three focus groups. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the ExBL model as a framework. Transcripts were independently analysed and coded by two investigators and discrepancies resolved with the remaining investigators.ResultsThe MST experiences reflected the various components of the ExBL model. Students valued earning a salary; however, what students earned transcended the financial reward alone. This professional role enabled students to meaningfully contribute to patient care and have authentic interactions with patients and staff. This fostered a sense of feeling valued and increased self‐efficacy amongst MSTs, helping them acquire various practical, intellectual and affective capabilities and subsequently demonstrate an increased confidence in their identities as future doctors.ConclusionPaid clinical roles for medical students could present useful adjuncts to traditional clinical placements, benefiting both students and potentially healthcare systems. The practice‐based learning experiences described appear to be underpinned by a novel social context where students can add value, be and feel valued and gain valuable capabilities that better prepare them for starting work as a doctor.
Products Distribution and Synergistic Effects Analysis During Co-Pyrolysis of Agricultural Residues and Waste Tire Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Chen Yan , Chen Gaofeng , Sun Tanglei , Zhang Mengju , Wang Qun , Wu Mengge , Guo Shuaihua , Yang Shuhua , Lei Tingzhou , Burra Kiran G. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The co-thermal chemical conversion of biomass and waste tires is an important direction for the utilization of waste resources to produce renewable energy. In this study, the product distribution and synergistic effects during the co-pyrolysis of agricultural residues and waste tire were analyzed by a pyrolyzer coupled with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis products were analyzed at 550 °C and 650 °C for maize stalk (MS), wheat straw (WS), waste tire (WT) feedstocks, as well as mixtures of wheat straw-waste tire (WS:WT mass ratio of 1:1), and maize stalk-waste tire (MS:WT mass ratio of 1:1). The results showed that the co-pyrolysis of agricultural residues and waste tire promoted the release of phenols, aldehydes, and ketone derivatives, and reduced the formation of H2 and H2O. In addition, a relatively high content of aromatic hydrocarbons was obtained at 650 °C temperature, while 550 °C was optimal when considering the formation of ketones. The results showed a synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tire.
Parameters Influencing the Accuracy of a Wrist Photoplethysmography Heart-Rate Monitor (Polar Unite) During Exercise
Authors: Bretonneau Quentin , Peruque-Gayou Etienne , Wolfs Etienne , Bosquet Laurent 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The accuracy of heart rate measured with a wrist photoplethysmography monitor can be influenced by the tightening of the wristband, movement of arms, or kinetics of the signal (eg, steady-state exercise vs on- and off-transients). To test these hypotheses, photoplethysmographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals were compared. Methods: Thirty participants (50% female) randomly performed two 13′ sequences (3′ rest, 5′ submaximal-intensity exercise, and 5′ passive recovery) on a motorized treadmill and a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate was measured concomitantly with a 10-lead ECG, a chest-strap monitor, and 2 wrist photoplethysmography monitors (Polar Unite) with different tightening (free vs imposed at the maximum tolerable). Results: The level of association (r) and coefficient of variation (CV; ie, the error of measurement) of the Polar Unite versus the 10-lead ECG is affected by the tightness of the wristband (normal vs high; r = .83 and .96, CV = 16.1 and 8.1% for the treadmill, respectively; r = .71 and .97, CV = 20.3% and 6.2% for the bicycle, respectively) by the phase of the signal (transition vs steady state; r = .90 and .97, CV = 9.0% and 7.6% for the treadmill, respectively; r = .93 and .99, CV = 7.5% and 3.1% for the bicycle, respectively) and movement of arms (treadmill vs bicycle; r = .90 and .93, CV = 9.0% and 7.5% during the transition phase, respectively; r = .97 and .99, CV = 7.6% and 3.1% during the steady-state phase, respectively). Conclusion: The accuracy of heart rate measured with a wrist photoplethysmography monitor is affected by the tightness of the wristband and the phase of the signal. A high tightening is required when high accuracy is expected.
Does the Degree and/or Direction of Handedness in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder Influence Motor and Cognitive Performance? A Pilot Study
Authors: Schott Nadja 
Published: February 2023

Research has shown that nonright-handedness in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is associated with poorer motor and cognitive performance. This study investigated the influence of degree and direction of handedness on performance using the Home Handedness Questionnaire, the Hit-the-Dot test, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and the digital Trail-Making Test. Eighteen children with DCD and 21 typically developing children aged 8–12 years participated in this study. The distribution of degree and direction of handedness in the group of DCD children were not different from that found in the typically developing group. In the Hit-the-Dot test, typically developing children significantly performed better than children with DCD, no matter which hand was dominant or to which degree. A significant inconsistent-handed advantage in the subdomain balance was found for children with DCD. Inconsistent handedness also seems to be an advantage for children with DCD on the digital Trail-Making Test performance. The relationship between the subcategories of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the digital Trail-Making Test part B is stronger for consistent than for inconsistent handedness. Our findings suggest that children with DCD and inconsistent handedness might benefit from greater crosstalk across hemispheres. In addition, these predispositions can be reinforced or discouraged throughout development and via occupational therapy.