bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic and Quality Review of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions that use Core Vocabulary
Authors: Carnett Amarie , Devine Bailey , Ingvarsson Einar , Esch Barbara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCore vocabulary is defined as “lexical items that are accepted as being central and indispensable to language use” (Bell, 2012, p. 1). Use of core vocabulary is common amongst professionals who teach augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to individuals with disabilities. Although the use of AAC is often classified as an evidence-based practice (EBP) (Steinbrenner et al., 2020; Wong et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), 1951–1966, 2015) an analysis of the relevant intervention procedures as well as the vocabulary used is often missing from syntheses of the literature. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to determine the quality and strength of the evidence for AAC interventions that use core vocabulary. A systematic database search and a subsequent screening process resulted in a total of 10 peer-reviewed studies that involved an AAC intervention that used core vocabulary. Each study’s outcomes were then categorized as positive, mixed, or negative and a quality review was performed using the Council for Exceptional Children’s (CEC) standards for evidence-based practices (Cook et al., Teaching Exceptional Children, 46(6), 206-212, 2015a; Remedial and Special Education, 36, 220-234, 2015b). Overall, the results suggest a lack of strong evidence in favor of AAC interventions that use core vocabulary. The results are discussed in the context of general suggestions for vocabulary selection and teaching practices for AAC systems.
Quantitative Analysis of Group for Epidemiology Architectural Approach
Authors: Mathebula Dephney 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpidemiology, the aspect of research focusing on disease modelling is date intensive. Research epidemiologists in different research groups played a key role in developing different data driven model for COVID-19 and monkeypox. The requirement of accessing highly accurate data useful for disease modelling is beneficial but not without having challenges. Currently, the task of data acquisition is executed by select individuals in different research groups. This approach experiences the drawbacks associated with getting permission to access the desired data and inflexibility to change data acquisition goals due to dynamic epidemiological research objectives. The presented research addresses these challenges and proposes the design and use of dynamic intelligent crawlers for acquiring epidemiological data related to a given goal. In addition, the research aims to quantify how the use of computing entities enhances the process of data acquisition in epidemiological related studies. This is done by formulating and investigating the metrics of the data acquisition efficiency and the data analytics efficiency. The use of human assisted crawlers in the global information networks is found to enhance data acquisition efficiency (DAqE) and data analytics efficiency (DAnE). The use of human assisted crawlers in a hybrid configuration outperforms the case where manual research group member efforts are expended enhancing the DAqE and DAnE by up to 35% and 99% on average, respectively.
Influence of heat treatment on the mechanical performance of Ti21S octet truss lattice structure fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Jam A. , Pellizzari M. , Emanuelli L. , Valsecchi G. , du Plessis A. , Benedetti M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing allows the production of complex and custom designs including lattice structures—porous metallic structures with designed porosity and tailored mechanical properties. The bulk material has a key influence on the eventual properties of the porous lattice structure material. Among metallic biomaterials, beta-titanium alloys are gaining increasing interested because of their low Young’s modulus. In this work, the heat treatment of beta-Ti21S alloy is investigated in the context of octet truss lattice structures. The intention is to improve the performance of these structures for their reliable use in biomedical applications such as for bone implants. The study makes use of laser powder bed fusion of representative samples, uses microCT for physical characterization of manufacturing quality, while quasi-static and fatigue testing is performed to evaluate the performance of these lattice structures. The results indicate that the heat treatment significantly improves the fatigue properties of the lattice structures while changing the quasi-static failure mode more towards a stretch-based failure mode. These findings have practical implications for the implementation of this material and structure combination in medical implants. By enhancing the performance of the lattice structures, the study paves the way for their reliable use in biomedical applications.
Modeling self-propagating malware with epidemiological models
Authors: Chernikova Alesia , Gozzi Nicolò , Perra Nicola , Boboila Simona , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Oprea Alina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelf-propagating malware (SPM) is responsible for large financial losses and major data breaches with devastating social impacts that cannot be understated. Well-known campaigns such as WannaCry and Colonial Pipeline have been able to propagate rapidly on the Internet and cause widespread service disruptions. To date, the propagation behavior of SPM is still not well understood. As result, our ability to defend against these cyber threats is still limited. Here, we address this gap by performing a comprehensive analysis of a newly proposed epidemiological-inspired model for SPM propagation, the Susceptible-Infected-Infected Dormant-Recovered (SIIDR) model. We perform a theoretical analysis of the SIIDR model by deriving its basic reproduction number and studying the stability of its disease-free equilibrium points in a homogeneous mixed system. We also characterize the SIIDR model on arbitrary graphs and discuss the conditions for stability of disease-free equilibrium points. We obtain access to 15 WannaCry attack traces generated under various conditions, derive the model’s transition rates, and show that SIIDR fits the real data well. We find that the SIIDR model outperforms more established compartmental models from epidemiology, such as SI, SIS, and SIR, at modeling SPM propagation.
High-order Accurate Beam Models Based on Discontinuous Galerkin Methods
Authors: Gulizzi Vincenzo , Benedetti Ivano , Milazzo Alberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel high-order accurate approach to the analysis of beam structures with bulk and thin-walled cross-sections is presented. The approach is based on the use of a variable-order polynomial expansion of the displacement field throughout both the beam cross-section and the length of the beam elements. The corresponding weak formulation is derived using the symmetric Interior Penalty discontinuous Galerkin method, whereby the continuity of the solution at the interface between contiguous elements as well as the application of the boundary conditions is weakly enforced by suitably defined boundary terms. The accuracy and the flexibility of the proposed approach are assessed by modeling slender and short beams with standard square cross-sections and airfoil-shaped thin-walled cross-sections subjected to bending, torsional and aerodynamic loads. The comparison between the obtained numerical results and those available in the literature or computed using a standard finite-element method shows that the present method allows recovering three-dimensional distributions of displacement and stress fields using a significantly reduced number of degrees of freedom.
COVID-19 and Pediatric Rheumatology: A Comprehensive Study from a Leading Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqanatish Jubran , Almojali Abdullah , Alfadhel Abdulmajeed , Albelali Areej , Ahmed Amal , Alqahtani Abdullah , Alrasheed Abdulrhman , Alsewairi Wafaa , Alghnam Suliman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a significant global health concern, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. However, there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding pediatric studies, specifically focusing on children with rheumatic diseases and the potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 contraction in this specific patient population. Patients with rheumatic diseases are often undergoing immunemodulator/immunosuppressant therapies, which can further complicate their immune system response to infections. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), the largest tertiary care children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. The aim was to investigate the rate, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. All rheumatology patients (< 19 years) who presented to the hospital as outpatients, inpatients, and/or ER visits during the period of March 2020 to March 2022 were reviewed for confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Among 482 patients included in this study, 126 (26.1%, 95% CI 21.8–31.1) had COVID-19 infection, and no factors were identified to increase the risk of contracting the virus. Fever (55.6%, n = 70) followed by respiratory symptoms (55.6%, n = 70) were the most common clinical manifestations, and around 30% of the patients were asymptomatic. Though most of the patients recovered without complications (97.6%, n = 123), mortality was reported in 3 patients (2.38%). The risk of hospitalization was almost 6 times higher in males (OR = 5.97), and higher in patients receiving t-DMARDs (OR = 17.53) or glucocorticoids (OR = 6.69). The study also revealed that vaccinated children were at lower risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 than non-vaccinated children. The findings of this study help to identify the risk factors for COVID-19 among children with rheumatic diseases and provide insight into the impact of the pandemic on this group. Overall, while most cases were mild and resolved on their own, unvaccinated patients and those receiving t-DMARDs or glucocorticoids needs vigilant monitoring during the COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, we strongly advocate for the widespread promotion of COVID-19 vaccination among pediatric rheumatology patients as it significantly reduces their risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization.
Companion animal adoption and relinquishment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Households with children at greatest risk of relinquishing a cat or dog
Authors: Carroll Grace A , Torjussen Alice , Reeve Catherine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the factors associated with companion animal relinquishment is key in safeguarding animal welfare and human well-being. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of demographic variables on risk of relinquishment of cats and dogs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to report characteristics of those that relinquished a cat or dog, and the experience of said relinquishment process. A series of surveys were administered to pet owners (n = 3,945) across several countries including the UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain and France. In total, n = 1,324 reported having acquired their cat or dog via online means. There was no association between online source (search engines, breeder websites, rescue websites, online ad sites and social media) and relinquishment status (NCR1 [Never Considered Relinquishment] compared to CR_R [Considering Relinquishment or already Relinquished]. More participants from the USA considered or already had relinquished their cat or dog compared to the UK and Italy. Of those that have already given up their pet, 76.2% agreed that it was an emotionally difficult decision, while 100% agreed that it was, logically, the correct decision. Demographic characteristics in those that reported considering relinquishment or that had already relinquished (CR_R; n = 146) were compared to a comparison group that had never considered relinquishing their pet (NCR2; n = 193). Being a male-gendered pet-owner and a younger pet age increased the risk of relinquishment. Cats and dogs from households with children were 4.6 times more likely to consider or have already relinquished a cat or dog compared to those from households without children. Further research is needed to explore risk of relinquishment of cats and dogs when children are present in the home.
Remarks on labelling and determinacy
Authors: Kruger William W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWork by Chomsky et al. (2019) and Epstein et al. (2018) develops a third-factor principle of computational efficiency called “Determinacy”, which rules out “ambiguous” syntactic rule-applications by requiring one-to-one correspondences between the input or output of a rule and a single term in the domain of that rule. This article first adopts the concept of “Input Determinacy” articulated by Goto and Ishii (2019, 2020), who apply Determinacy specifically to the input of operations like Merge, and then proposes to extend Determinacy to the labeling procedure developed by Chomsky (2013, 2015). In particular, Input Determinacy can explain restrictions on labeling in contexts where multiple potential labels are available (labeling ambiguity), and it can also provide an explanation for Chomsky's (2013, 2015) proposal that syntactic movement of an item (“Internal Merge”) renders that item invisible to the labeling procedure.
Epidemiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia in 2 hospitals in India
Authors: Gandra Sumanth , Singh Sanjeev K. , Chakravarthy Murali , Moni Merlin , Dhekane Pruthu , Mohamed Zubair , Shameen Fathima , Vasudevan Anil K. , Senthil Priyadarshini , Saravanan Tejaswini , George Anu , Sinclair Dorothy , Stwalley Dustin , van Rheenen Jacaranda , Westercamp Matthew , Smith Rachel M. , Leekha Surbhi , Warren David K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:Studies evaluating the incidence, source, and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), defined as any positive blood culture obtained after 3 calendar days of hospital admission, are lacking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design, setting, and participants:All consecutive blood cultures performed for 6 months during 2020–2021 in 2 hospitals in India were reviewed to assess HOB and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) reportable central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) events. Medical records of a convenience sample of 300 consecutive HOB events were retrospectively reviewed to determine source and preventability. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HOB preventability.Results:Among 6,733 blood cultures obtained from 3,558 hospitalized patients, there were 409 and 59 unique HOB and NHSN-reportable CLABSI events, respectively. CLABSIs accounted for 59 (14%) of 409 HOB events. There was a moderate but non-significant correlation (r = 0.51; P = .070) between HOB and CLABSI rates. Among 300 reviewed HOB cases, CLABSIs were identified as source in only 38 (13%). Although 157 (52%) of all 300 HOB cases were potentially preventable, CLABSIs accounted for only 22 (14%) of these 157 preventable HOB events. In multivariable analysis, neutropenia, and sepsis as an indication for blood culture were associated with decreased odds of HOB preventability, whereas hospital stay ≥7 days and presence of a urinary catheter were associated with increased likelihood of preventability.Conclusions:HOB may have utility as a healthcare-associated infection metric in LMIC settings because it captures preventable bloodstream infections beyond NHSN-reportable CLABSIs.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding in mental health policy: a narrative review
Authors: McGuire E. , Murray S. , Duffy R. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectives:Mental health difficulties are often exacerbated during the perinatal period. Policy and guidelines are increasingly being used to enhance the quality of healthcare. We conducted a literature review of published research relating to pregnancy and breastfeeding in mental health policy.Methods:Relevant terms were searched in Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO and EMBASE for articles published in English from 1970 until 2020. Only papers that referenced policy, guidance, legislation or standards were included. While a systematic approach was used, the nature of the results necessitated a narrative review.Results:Initially, 262 papers were identified, 44 met the inclusion criteria. Reproductive health is given sparse consideration in research relating to mental health policy. Despite this, some key areas emerged. These included: the need for proactive preconception psychoeducation, proactive screening of mothers of infants and young children for perinatal mental health issues, enhanced prescribing practice for women of child-bearing age, enhanced monitoring during pregnancy, development of safe modification of coercive practices should they need to be employed in emergency circumstances and targeted measures to reduce substance misuse. Themes that arose relating to breastfeeding and bonding are also described.Conclusions:Female reproductive health is often ignored in research relating to mental health policy, guidelines and standards. These tools need to be harnessed to promote good healthcare. Reproductive health should be included in the care plan of all mental health patients. These topics need to be integrated into existing relevant policies and not isolated to a separate policy.
The potential and pitfalls of unit asking in reducing scope insensitivity
Authors: Moche Hajdi , Erlandsson Arvid , Dickert Stephan , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article revisits and further investigates the extent to which scope insensitivity in helping contexts can be reduced by the unit asking (UA) method. UA is an intervention that first asks people to help one unit and then asks for willingness to help multiple units. In 3 studies (N = 3,442), participants took on the role of policymakers to allocate help (motivation to help and willingness to pay) to local aid projects. They underwent either UA or a control condition (in which they stated their willingness to help only to the multiple units). Against expectations, the first 2 studies found a reversed UA effect for helping motivation, such that help decreased when participants were in the UA condition. However, the third study found a UA effect for helping motivation when participants made the sequential assessments within one project (when the individual unit belonged to the multiple units-group), rather than between projects (when the individual unit belonged to another group). Thus, our results suggest that the 2 assessments critical for the UA method should be done within the same project rather than between 2 projects to successfully reduce scope insensitivity. Further, the age of the unit (child or adult), the number of the unit(s), the composition of the group (homogeneous or heterogeneous), and the size of the group did not substantially reduce scope insensitivity with UA.
Normal and stable approximation to subgraph counts in superpositions of Bernoulli random graphs
Authors: Bloznelis Mindaugas , Karjalainen Joona , Leskelä Lasse 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReal networks often exhibit clustering, the tendency to form relatively small groups of nodes with high edge densities. This clustering property can cause large numbers of small and dense subgraphs to emerge in otherwise sparse networks. Subgraph counts are an important and commonly used source of information about the network structure and function. We study probability distributions of subgraph counts in a community affiliation graph. This is a random graph generated as an overlay of m partly overlapping independent Bernoulli random graphs (layers)
$G_1,\dots,G_m$
with variable sizes and densities. The model is parameterised by a joint distribution of layer sizes and densities. When m grows linearly in the number of nodes n, the model generates sparse random graphs with a rich statistical structure, admitting a nonvanishing clustering coefficient and a power-law limiting degree distribution. In this paper we establish the normal and
$\alpha$
-stable approximations to the numbers of small cliques, cycles, and more general 2-connected subgraphs of a community affiliation graph.
Colorful path detection in vertex-colored temporal
Authors: Dondi Riccardo , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFinding paths is a fundamental problem in graph theory and algorithm design due to its many applications. Recently, this problem has been considered on temporal graphs, where edges may change over a discrete time domain. The analysis of graphs has also taken into account the relevance of vertex properties, modeled by assigning to vertices labels or colors. In this work, we deal with a problem that, given a static or temporal graph, whose vertices are colored graph looks for a path such that (1) the vertices of the path have distinct colors and (2) that path includes the maximum number of colors. We analyze the approximation complexity of the problem on static and temporal graphs, and we prove an inapproximability bound. Then, we consider the problem on temporal graphs, and we design a heuristic for it. We present an experimental evaluation of our heuristic, both on synthetic and real-world graphs. The experimental results show that for many instances of the problem, our method is able to return near-optimal solutions.
Statistical analysis of kicked black holes from TNG300 simulation
Authors: Smole M. , Micic M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Asymmetric emission of gravitational waves during mergers of black holes (BHs) produces a recoil kick, which can set a newly formed BH on a bound orbit around the centre of its host galaxy, or even completely eject it. To study this population of recoiling BHs we extract properties of galaxies with merging BHs from Illustris TNG300 simulation and then employ both analytical and numerical techniques to model unresolved process of BH recoil. This comparative analysis between analytical and numerical models shows that, on cosmological scales, numerically modelled recoiling BHs have a higher escape probability and predict a greater number of offset active galactic nuclei (AGN). BH escaped probability

$>$

40% is expected in 25

$\%$

of merger remnants in numerical models, compared to 8

$\%$

in analytical models. At the same time, the predicted number of offset AGN at separations

${>}5$

kpc changes from 58

$\%$

for numerical models to 3

$\%$

for analytical models. Since BH ejections in major merger remnants occur in non-virialised systems, static analytical models cannot provide an accurate description. Thus we argue that numerical models should be used to estimate the expected number density of escaped BHs and offset AGN.
Informational Holdup by Venture Capital Syndicates
Authors: Hong Suting , Mella-Barral Pierre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe argue that syndicates associate venture capitalists (VCs) with uneven skill levels in order to lower their expected gains from threatening to stop financing: Non-continued participation would send a milder negative signal to alternative financiers. This can explain the empirical observations that i) early-round syndicates regularly associate VCs with different levels of experience and ii) follow-on syndicates often involve none of the early-round VCs. Consistent with the theory, we find empirically that the heterogeneity of VC experience levels in a syndicate is i) negatively related to the extent to which the founders of the VC-backed firm are professionally well connected and ii) positively related to the likelihood of syndicate switching in a later round.