bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of NLC- based Sunscreen Gel of Lutein and its in-vitro and
ex-vivo Characterisation
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Chauhan Iti , Singh Alok Pratap 
Published: December 2022

Background:
In humans, Carotenoids are important in scavenging singlet oxygen and peroxyl radicals. Lutein has been demonstrated in multiple studies to help protect the skin from photodamage, as well as provide a variety of other health advantages. In the recent decade, the topi-cal use of Lutein as a new ultraviolet (UV) protectant, anti-stress, and blue light filter capable of protecting skin from photodamage has piqued cosmetic and pharmacological attention. Because Lutein is insoluble, it was integrated into nanocarriers for topical administration.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to formulate an NLC-based sunscreen gel of Lutein.

Method:
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared by melt emulsion ultrafiltration tech-nique and were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), drug loading (DL), encapsulation efficacy (EE), and in vitro drug release. The optimised formula was incorpo-rated into a gel base and an in-vitro sun protection factor (SPF) was determined. Ex- vivo permea-tion study was performed on rat skin using a Franz diffusion cell. Cocoa butter and rose oil were chosen as solid and liquid lipids for NLC formulation.

Results:
The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release of optimised formulation (NLC5) were found to be 81.64 nm, 0.463, -14.1mV, 79.90 %, and 89.86% respectively. The SPF value of the Lutein-NLC-loaded gel was found to be 27.524. The drug flux Jss from NLC gel was measured in the range of 0.07955 g/cm2/h.

Conclusion:
The investigation suggested lipid nanoparticles as a suitable carrier for Lutein to be delivered as sunscreen gel.
Scientific Evaluation of the Remedies Used in Turkish Folk Medicine to
Treat Possible Viral Infections
Authors: Yesilada Erdem 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Plants, with their rich phytochemical treasury, are one of the main sources
of drug development. However, a randomized search on plant sources for the discovery of phytochemicals
with specified pharmacological activity is expensive and tedious. Therefore, it is logical
to constrain the sources to increase success. In the recent four decades, the importance of traditional
information has been recognized by the scientific community. Consequently, interest in field surveys
for the documentation of traditional worldwide medicines has significantly increased.

Aims and Methods:
Infectious diseases induced by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or viruses have been
one of the most common health problems for the public, for which traditional remedies have been
practiced. Since laypeople could not distinguish the microbial origin of the infection, the remedies
used for treatment could not be delineated. The aim of this study was first to search the plants used
in Turkish folk medicine for such infectious diseases. The second step was to find scientific evidence
in the online databases for the frequently quoted plants whether they may have potential activity
against virus replication.

Results:
A reference survey on the most frequently quoted plants revealed that 16 out of 17 were
shown to possess virucide or inhibitory effects on the replication of various viruses.

Conclusion:
Since each virus type may have a different viral replication pattern, further detailed investigations
should be carried out to reveal their exact antiviral potentials.
Development of a Colorimetric Scale as an Aid for Estimating Temperature
of Burnt Bone
Authors: Nuzzolese Emilio , Lupariello Francesco , Tattoli Lucia , Di Vella Giancarlo 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Forensic pathologists, archeologists, and forensic anthropologists are
often required to interpret burnt bones. One of the key factors for an accurate interpretation of the
remains and the events leading to incineration is the estimation of the maximum exposure temperature
of the human remains. Several types of research focus on temperature estimation, using color
assessment, histology observations, and mechanical changes, which can help in the most accurate
interpretation. The color of burnt bone is inevitably related to the time and temperature(s) to which
it was exposed, the size and condition of the bone, and the environment. Nevertheless, it can be
possible to estimate exposure temperature based on visual observation and analysis.

Objective:
Development of a colorimetric scale for photographic documentation and the color
calibration of burnt bone.

Method:
This paper proposes a patented prototype scale with calibrated colors of burnt bone colors
at different temperatures, based on the existing RGB color published data as a visual aid in the
interpretation and estimation of the maximum temperature exposure of burnt bone.

Results and Discussion:
Authors are aware that the estimation of the maximum temperature of
burnt bone cannot be determined solely by colors. Visual color recognition is prone to errors.

Conclusion:
The proposed device should be considered a tool during photography of burnt bone
and aid in interpreting temperature estimates.
Development of rails of a new category for use in particularly harsh operating conditions
Authors: Tokmakova E. N. , Perkov Ivan , Ivanov Pavel , Zagranichek Konstantin 
Published: December 2022

Introduction. In the conditions of an annual increase in load stress on the roads of the Eastern Polygon, an effective technical solution to the problem of an increased number of rolling stock derailments due to rail breakage is the creation of rails for cold climate conditions with increased hardness to increase wear resistance and contact endurance with simultaneously high values of impact strength. Such a set of properties can be achieved by using separate heating for quenching and cooling with a quenching medium with a high cooling capacity. Rails manufactured using this technology will belong to a new category. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to create a new category of rails for their use in particularly harsh operating conditions.Materials and methods. In this paper the effect of separate induction heating before differentiated quenching with compressed air of controlled humidity on the microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, mechanical properties during tensile and impact tests, endurance limit, cyclic crack resistance) of rails of type R65 was investigated.The results of the study. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with similar indicators for rails of the DT350, DT350NN and DT370IK categories according to GOST R 51685-2013 was carried out. Studies of the chemical composition, mechanical properties, hardness on the rolling surface of the rail head and cross-section, as well as the microstructure of the rails of the experimental batch showed compliance with the requirements of GOST R 51685-2013 for rails of categories DT350, DT370IK, DT350NN.Discussion and conclusion. It is shown that as a result of the application of differentiated thermal hardening of the rail using compressed air of controlled humidity as a quenching medium, a new category of DTO350NN rails was obtained, characterized by a favorable combination of strength properties, plasticity characteristics and brittle fracture resistance indicators. Rails of the new category can be recommended for use in particularly severe operating conditions (in curved sections of the track of a small radius at low temperatures), including on the roads of the Eastern Polygon.
Prediction of Mental Health Problem Using Annual Student Health Survey: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Baba Ayako , Bunji Kyosuke 
Published: December 2022

Background
One of the reasons why students go to counseling is being called on based on self-reported health survey results. However, there is no concordant standard for such calls.

Objective
This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict students’ mental health problems in 1 year and the following year using the health survey’s content and answering time (response time, response time stamp, and answer date).

Methods
Data were obtained from the responses of 3561 (62.58%) of 5690 undergraduate students from University A in Japan (a national university) who completed the health survey in 2020 and 2021. We performed 2 analyses; in analysis 1, a mental health problem in 2020 was predicted from demographics, answers for the health survey, and answering time in the same year, and in analysis 2, a mental health problem in 2021 was predicted from the same input variables as in analysis 1. We compared the results from different ML models, such as logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM. The results with and without answering time conditions were compared using the adopted model.

Results
On the basis of the comparison of the models, we adopted the LightGBM model. In this model, both analyses and conditions achieved adequate performance (eg, Matthews correlation coefficient [MCC] of with answering time condition in analysis 1 was 0.970 and MCC of without answering time condition in analysis 1 was 0.976; MCC of with answering time condition in analysis 2 was 0.986 and that of without answering time condition in analysis 2 was 0.971). In both analyses and in both conditions, the response to the questions about campus life (eg, anxiety and future) had the highest impact (Gain 0.131-0.216; Shapley additive explanations 0.018-0.028). Shapley additive explanations of 5 to 6 input variables from questions about campus life were included in the top 10. In contrast to our expectation, the inclusion of answering time–related variables did not exhibit substantial improvement in the prediction of students’ mental health problems. However, certain variables generated based on the answering time are apparently helpful in improving the prediction and affecting the prediction probability.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the possibility of predicting mental health across years using health survey data. Demographic and behavioral data, including answering time, were effective as well as self-rating items. This model demonstrates the possibility of synergistically using the characteristics of health surveys and advantages of ML. These findings can improve health survey items and calling criteria.
Auto Regressive eXogenous (ARX) System Identification of Batch Milk Cooling Process
Authors: Agustriyanto Rudy , Mochni Endang Srihari , Setyopratomo Puguh 
Published: December 2022

The dynamic model of the milk cooling process from 36°C to 4°C using chilled water available at 2°C has been carried out. The cooling water temperature is kept constant by using a refrigeration unit. The process being studied was a Packo brand milk cooling tank belonging to KUD SAE Pujon (Malang - Indonesia). A fundamental heat balance method was used to derive the model, leading to a first-order transfer function process. For a 2 hours cooling process then, the gain and time constant values are 1.00 and 42.3548 mins respectively, or G(s)=1/(42.3548s+1) (first order process). Deriving system transfer function through a mechanistic model is considered difficult; therefore, in this paper, we explored process identification via Auto Regressive eXogenous (ARX). Transient simulations could then be performed to identify the dynamic behavior of the cooling process. The system was then identified using several orders of the Auto Regressive eXogenous (ARX) model, and then the results were re-tested on different forms of perturbations and obtained quite accurate results. The transfer function identified through the ARX111 is G(s)=1/(42.3729s+1) (first order process), while via ARX441, the 5th order process was obtained: G(s)=(0.02361s^4+0.000371s^3+0.2331s^2+9.27×10^(-7) s+0.0005826)/(s^5+0.03932s^4+9.873s^3+0.2331s^2+0.02468s+0.0005826). These models particularly useful for process control design and analysis.
Characteristics of Rapid Visco Analyzer Carrageenan Extract with Enzymatic Pretreatment of Kappaphycus striatum
Authors: Laksono Hendrawan , Dyah Citra Kusumaning , Putri Renny Primasari Gustia , Soraya Maya , Purwoto Heri 
Published: December 2022

Carrageenan is a polysaccharide compound extracted from red seaweed and is widely used by food, cosmetic, and advanced materials industries because of its good properties as an environmentally friendly stabilizer. Carrageenan extraction generally uses alkaline treatment for one full day, where the treatment is to obtain carrageenan quality with good gel characteristics. The use of cellulase enzymes is thought to accelerate the desulfuration process of seaweed, where cellulase enzymes are used to break down cellulose in seaweed cell walls. By using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), carrageenan was tested to see the pattern and viscosity value. This study aims to determine the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the profile of carrageenan with a shorter alkalization process compared to the alkalization commonly used by the industry. The results showed that enzymatic treatment before KOH alkalization would produce a carrageenan profile with a viscosity value of 272-360 cP, whereas the NaOH alkalization only reached 19-24 cP. The results of the test using RVA showed that the addition of an enzymatic process could change the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and gel point of the carrageenan alkalinized with KOH. However, there was no significant difference in the properties when treated by alkalization using NaOH, which can be described from the value of the gelling point of carrageenan treated by cellulose enzyme. Adding enzymes to KOH will accelerate the gelation process, which occurs at an average temperature of 42.78oC. Meanwhile, carrageenan without enzymatic addition has an average gelation value of 37.48oC.
Industrial Application of Rice Husk as an Alternative Fuel in Cement Production for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bramantiyo Ranoe , Lestianingrum Erna , Cahyono Rochim Bakti 
Published: December 2022

The cement industry generally spends about 30-40% of production costs to provide energy for production. It forces the cement industry to look for cheaper and widely available alternative energy sources to increase its competitiveness. The dominance of fossil fuels poses another problem for the cement industry in the form of high CO2 emissions. To overcome this, PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa (ITP) Tbk, Palimanan Unit, is committed to continuously looking for alternative energy sources by utilizing rice husks in the suspension preheater unit. This study aims to evaluate the performance, especially the reduction of CO2 emissions and the economic benefits of energy substitution applications using rice husks. Based on the calculation in 2020, there will be an increase of 37% in 2021, and the total energy of rice husks will reach around 1,996,671 GJ. It is equivalent to using fossil fuel coal of approximately 106,450 tonnes. The contribution of rice husks to primary energy consumption seems to continue to increase yearly. A significant increase occurred between 2020 - 2021, and the contribution of rice husks reached 23%. Rice husks usage has reduced CO2 emissions by almost 220,000 tons of CO2e and brought production cost benefits to around 40 billion by 2021. Therefore, the substitution of coal fuel using rice husk has proven to be effective in reducing CO2 emissions in the cement production process. By still paying attention to the reliability of the process and the quality of the cement products produced, these efforts can be continuously encouraged to realize cement products that are more environmentally friendly.
Optimization of Gelling Agent of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Seed Oil Gel and Its Stability and Activity Test In Vitro as Sunscreen
Authors: Zulkarnain Abdul Karim , Faridhotu Feela , PR Ifthary Naqsya 
Published: December 2022

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can harm human skin, such as skin erythema or sunburn, premature aging of the skin, darker skin discoloration, and damage to skin cells. Skin protection, like sunscreen, is needed to prevent the negative effects of UV rays. This study aims to evaluate the optimum formula, the physical properties, and the activity of a sunscreen gel preparation of sunflower seed oil in vitro. The method in this study was optimization with Design Expert version 10 of the carbopol gelling agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The optimum formula obtained was tested for its physical properties and activity as a sunscreen in vitro with a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the physical properties of the optimum formula were good, and stable during storage, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity were close to predictions, and the in vitro SPF test obtained a value of 15.60.
Sob a perspectiva de uma política expansionista: hospedarias de imigrantes de Pernambuco, 1889-1926
Authors: Teixeira Rosane Siqueira 
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a criação das hospedarias de imigrantes da Jaqueira, Socorro e Tigipió, localizadas em Pernambuco, entre o período de 1889 e 1926, que se encontram quase que completamente ignoradas. Busca-se discutir os impasses gerados a partir de suas constituições, responsáveis por suas efêmeras existências. Fontes de arquivo embasam este estudo. O artigo desenvolve o argumento de que a vinda de imigrantes europeus para Pernambuco fazia parte de uma política expansionista, defendida por alguns entusiastas, que tinha o propósito de promover o desenvolvimento econômico do Estado, reformulando o trabalho agrícola.
Asosiasi Risiko Penyakit Degeneratif dengan Kebugaran Calon Jemaah Haji Kota Palembang
Authors: Novita Emma , Indawan Bahrum , Mariana Mariana , Abriyanti Rd Nurizki 
Published: December 2022

Ministry of Health through the Ministry of Health Decree Number 15 the year 2016 makes “Istithaah” mandatory, that is, hajj pilgrims must be capable physically and mentally as assessed. The increasing hajj embarcation’s waiting list for more than 20 years will influence the decreasing of the health capability of hajj pilgrims in both aspects. This will increase the risk of degenerative diseases and decrease hajj pilgrim’s fitness. This study aimed to evaluate the degenerative disease’s risk association which affects Indonesia's hajj pilgrim’s fitness by employing a cross-sectional analysis for the period May to August 2019. Data were collected from 8 Public Health Centers (Puskesmas) and Hajj Guidance Groups (KBIH) in Palembang, which included an indicator of fitness as measured through Rockport walking test, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) data, and physical activity. Researchers found a significant relationship between hajj pilgrim’s fitness with age, body mass index, hypertension, DM, and physical activity. It is necessary to increase fitness and normal BMI for pilgrims through regular physical exercise under the supervision of the Puskesmas, Posyandu for the elderly, and KBIH so that the pilgrims can meet Istithaah criteria.

Keywords: fitness, degenerative diseases, hajj, Palembang

ABSTRAK
Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Permenkes Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 mewajibkan Istithaah, yaitu kemampuan jemaah haji dari aspek kesehatan fisik dan mental yang terukur. Dengan meningkatnya daftar tunggu keberangkatan haji yang mencapai lebih dari 20 tahun, kemampuan jemaah haji baik aspek fisik dan mental semakin menurun. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif dan menurunkan kebugaran jemaah haji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai asosiasi risiko penyakit degeneratif yang mempengaruhi kebugaran jemaah haji Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis potong lintang pada periode bulan Mei–Agustus 2019. Data dikumpulkan dari 8 Puskesmas dan Kelompok Bimbingan Ibadah Haji (KBIH) di kota Palembang yaitu data kebugaran dengan menggunakan Rockport Walking Test, data Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), data penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes melitus (DM), serta tingkat aktivitas fisik calon jemaah haji, peneliti menemukan hubungan signifikan antara kebugaran Jemaah dengan usia, IMT, hipertensi, DM, serta aktivitas fisik. Diperlukan peningkatan kebugaran dan IMT yang normal bagi jemaah haji melalui latihan fisik yang teratur di bawah pengawasan Puskesmas, Posyandu Lansia dan KBIH agar jemaah haji dapat memenuhi kriteria Istithaah.

Kata kunci: kebugaran, penyakit degeneratif, haji, Palembang
Literature Review: Tantangan Eradikasi Polio
Authors: Normasari Normasari , Yasmon Andi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Polio is one of the most feared infectious diseases which can cause paralysis and death. Due to this reason, WHO created the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1998 to achieve a polio-free world. However, it is nearly 33 years, the polio disease has not been successfully eradicated, although the incidence of polio cases is reduced by >99.9%. The world has been declared free from wild poliovirus types 2 and 3, but not free from wild poliovirus type 1 that remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Apart from safety, politic, and refusal of vaccination which hampers polio eradication in the endemic countries, malnutrition also contributes to the failure of OPV vaccination. Besides, the use of the OPV vaccine as the primary vaccine in polio eradication could raise other problems, namely vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) as well as the emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) that is virulent and circulating in the environment, thereby causing polio cases in free-polio countries.

Keywords: polio eradication, OPV, VAPP, VDPV

ABSTRAK
Polio merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang ditakuti karena dapat menyebabkan paralisis dan kematian. Oleh karena itu, gerakan eradikasi polio dimulailah sejak tahun 1988 melalui prakarsa oleh WHO dengan tujuan akhir menciptakan dunia bebas dari polio. Namun hampir 33 tahun, gerakan eradikasi ini belum berhasil mencapai tujuan akhir tersebut, walaupun telah berhasil menurunkan jumlah kasus polio >99,9%. Seluruh dunia sudah dinyatakan bebas virus polio liar tipe 2 dan 3, namun virus polio liar tipe 1 masih menjadi endemik di Afghanistan dan Pakistan. Selain faktor keamanan, politik dan penolakan vaksinasi yang mengambat eradikasi di negara endemis tersebut, faktor malnutrisi juga berkontribusi terhadap kegagalan vaksinasi OPV. Selain itu, penggunaan vaksin OPV sebagai vaksin utama dalam eradikasi polio memunculkan permasalahan lain, yaitu terjadinya kasus ikutan pasca imunisasi (KIPI) polio, yaitu paralisis pasca imunisasi (vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis/VAPP), dan munculnya virus turunan vaksin (vaccine derivated poliovirus/VDPV) yang virulen dan bersirkulasi di lingkungan, menyebabkan kasus polio pada daerah yang sudah bebas polio tipe liar.
Kata kunci: eradikasi polio, OPV, VAPP, VDPV