bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Internet of Production: Interdisciplinary Visions and Concepts for the Production of Tomorrow
Authors: Brecher Christian , Padberg Melanie , Jarke Matthias , Aalst Wil van der , Schuh Günther 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChanges in society require changes in our industrial production. In order to remain competitive in the future, the masses of data available in production must be used urgently. This is still a challenge because data are often not accessible or understandable. Therefore, we developed the Internet of Production (IoP) concept which aims to collect, unify, and exploit different data sources and improve production. To this end, the various research domains of production technology, the need for a common infrastructure, and the concept of the Digital Shadow are presented. The vision can only be achieved through interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines. Therefore, the joint approach is explained and common research topics are presented. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the key for further steps to achieve the common vision.
A Digital Shadow Reference Model for Worldwide Production Labs
Authors: Michael Judith , Koren István , Dimitriadis Iraklis , Fulterer Judith , Gannouni Aymen , Heithoff Malte , Hermann Annkristin , Hornberg Katharina , Kröger Moritz , Sapel Patrick , Schäfer Niklas , Theissen-Lipp Johannes , Decker Stefan , Hopmann Christian , Jarke Matthias , Rumpe Bernhard , Schmitt Robert H. , Schuh Günther 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to their growing amount and heterogeneity, we need a precise and standardized understanding about the foundation, structure, and forms of aggregation and especially the use of data and models within the production domain. Our aim is to investigate how to model data elements and static and dynamic relationships as well as their physical resources in the IoP, in a cross-disciplinary life cycle spanning cooperation as a basis for information management, meeting all technical, scientific-ethical, and legal framework conditions. The core solution for this challenge is the use of an adequate set of modeling techniques, transformations, and their integration with digital shadows. This chapter provides a deep insight into relevant concepts that constitute a digital shadow, link it to their semantics defined by appropriate metamodels, and discuss the data and models a digital shadow consists of in four use cases. We show a method to derive digital shadows and introduce their life cycle in relation to the product life cycle. These concepts are the foundation for data and model sharing within digital shadows applicable for worldwide production labs.
Achieving the Benefits That Introducing PFM/IC Can Generate and Accounting for the Costs
Authors: Hepworth Noel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor the PFM/IC reform to be successful an appreciation of the benefits of the reform is essential. These are described in this chapter. These benefits do not arise simply from the technical reforms that accompany the implementation of PFM/IC but rather from the managerial improvements that PFM/IC makes possible. This again emphasises the managerial implications of the reform. Of course, as with any reform there are costs and the sources of those costs are also described. The extent of those costs will depend upon the basis from which the reform is developed and how the reform is to be implemented. If, for example, a well functioning managerial structure already exists then the costs will be less than would otherwise likely need to be incurred. Each country adopting the reform will need to make its own judgement about the benefits and costs of the reform, bearing in mind that costs will need to be incurred ‘upfront’ with the benefits accruing largely over time. This in turn will affect decisions about how those costs are to be financed such as from development aid funds or from ‘own’ budgets, or both.
Managing and Controlling Second-Level Organisations: The Responsibilities of the First-Level Organisation
Authors: Hepworth Noel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat are called second-level bodies exist in probably all public sectors. They can perform very useful roles, although they can be used to avoid the controls that apply to fist-level organisations. However, they do need to be managed by their equivalent first-level or controlling body. Unfortunately in many developing and transition economy countries they are not managed and, in effect, have a life of their own. What is often a cause of this situation is an asymmetry of information; the second-level body knows far more about its business than the controlling body. This may be inevitable but the operations of a second-level body should be always within a context and to a standard and level of performance set by the first-level body. Also second-level body performance should be subject to periodic review. This chapter addresses the problems arising with the management of second-level bodies within the context of a PFM/IC managerial framework and provides advice about reform arrangements. A feature of many public sector organisations is the existence of ‘second-level’ organisations. In considering the introduction of PFM/IC regard should be had to how these organisations are managed by the controlling or first-level body.
The Role of the Department Responsible for Advising on and Securing the Application of PFM/IC
Authors: Hepworth Noel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious chapters have explained the complexity of the PFM/IC reform and the particular responsibilities of the top official in the ministry of finance (the state secretary or equivalent). That official could not in practice carry all the responsibilities of the reform without specific support. That support should be available through the existence of a specialist department within the ministry of finance, which in the guide has been described as a ‘driver’ department. Its role is to drive forward the PFM/IC reform. This chapter explains the role of that department and how it should be staffed as well as its relationship with the ministry of finance state secretary and all other heads of operational management in public organisations. The head of this department should have thorough appreciation of the managerial implications of the reform.
Knowledge Transfer from the Outside or Self-Learning? Keys to Success for the Establishment of Innovative Companies in Eastern Germany After 1989
Authors: Steinkamp Anna M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe majority of today’s family businesses in the former East Germany were founded in the early 1990s. The founders of these companies had been brought up and trained in a socialist system, and then suddenly faced the great challenge of having to establish or convert a company to function in the capitalist system. The question therefore arises: where did the founders obtain the knowledge to run a company under the new economic and political conditions? To whom do they owe their present success? The aim of this chapter is to explain, with the help of a qualitative empirical analysis, where entrepreneurs obtained the specific knowledge or skills for the establishment and successful management of innovative, technology-based, and knowledge-intensive companies in the market economy, despite the fact that they themselves had been socialized under the “old” socialist system.
The Influence of Technical Progress on Economic Growth in the GDR
Authors: Ludwig Udo , Hipp Ann , Medase Kehinde 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe modernization of the economy played a key role in the rhetoric and politics of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) ruling socialist party and state leadership. However, empirical evidence on its contribution to economic growth is lacking. We analyze the impact of technical progress, based on staff qualifications, on productivity in the different economic sectors of the GDR between 1960 and 1989. We distinguish between academic, skilled, and other workers in our estimations and attach significant importance to qualifications as one of the fundamental drivers of sectoral productivity. Our regression results show productivity-enhancing effects of the number of academic and skilled workers, while the effects of the academic workers are much larger and longer-termed across our specifications. This quantitative analysis adds to the debate on the determinants of and obstacles to growth in the GDR.
Catching-up Modernization: Synthetic Fiber in East Germany and Poland
Authors: Flade Falk 
Published: September 2023

Abstract This chapter examines two synthetic fiber plants: one in Guben, East Germany, and one in Gorzów, Poland. Both plants were subject to central planning, exhibited rapid output growth, and relied mainly on Western technology imports to keep pace with international standards. Over the course of the transformation period, both plants were forced to significantly reduce their workforce and product range but managed to survive. Considerable similarities can be observed in the development of the two plants. The chapter explores the following three questions: What kind of modernization barriers did both plants encounter? Were there specific differences between the two synthetic fiber plants? In which ways did these conditions influence the further development path of both plants in the transformation period? Particular attention is given to investments, technology, workforce, and innovation.
Inefficiency and Lack of Transparency in GDR Foreign Trade
Authors: Wagener Hans-Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEast German foreign trade was one of the least productive sectors of the economy. Its institutional organization, based on the foreign trade monopoly, isolated the economy from the international markets. East German firms traded with their foreign trade firms, but not with their suppliers and clients. Its theoretical foundation was weak. Ricardian comparative cost was its starting point. The insistence on the labor theory of value, from which Ricardo deviated in this context, made it difficult to calculate comparative cost advantage and the gains from trade. In addition, a price equalization scheme obscured specialization possibilities and thus inhibited rational foreign trade planning. Trade was executed on two separate markets, with the socialist world and with the non-socialist world. Pricing idiosyncrasies with multiple effective exchange rates made it impossible to obtain consistent aggregate statistics. Finally, foreign trade performance was camouflaged and kept secret in order to hide the true situation from the outside world.
Moral Education: An Alternative to the Anti-empathic Model
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn ‘Moral Education: An Alternative to the Anti-empathic Model’ is a topic deeply related to that of moral development that is taken into consideration: that of moral education. Empathy—so the claim of this chapter—allow us to cross our egocentric boundaries and let us see the world from the perspective of another human being. This permits a richer understanding of the others. Empathy offers us an insight into the agency of the other person, into the ways in which they act, based on certain reasons and hence is a precondition for moral judgement and conduct and an indispensable part of moral education. Moreover, this chapter also show in what sense can psychopaths and autists be seen as lacking empathy.
Empathy and Moral Conduct and Motivation
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract‘Empathy and Moral Conduct and Motivation’ takes on a very special perspective in defending empathy: instead of confuting some of the criticisms made to empathy by anti-empathic scholars, it is here pointed out how these apparent shortcomings can in fact become strengths. What Paul Bloom calls the spotlight effect of empathy carries—if properly harnessed—the potentiality of being a great and irreplaceable stimulus for moral action and the so-called ‘identifiable victim effect’ can, if generalised, provide empathy with a stark emotional energy leading to moral motivation.
The Way to a Definition
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract‘The Way to a Definition’ offers a clear-cut definition of empathy thanks to a descriptive, genealogical, and conceptual reconstruction of this phenomenon which is based especially on the phenomenological views on empathy by Edith Stein. It is shown how the proposed definition is able to accommodate the perspectives of the old and new exponents of the phenomenological tradition with the Smithian-derived idea widely present in many modern scholars of empathy who see, unlike the phenomenologists, imagination as the basis of this phenomenon.
Empathy and Moral Judgement
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe chapter ‘Empathy and Moral Judgment’ investigates the connection that exists between empathy and moral judgment by highlighting the epistemic role that empathy plays (making visible and giving us access to the intentions and in general the mental states of the target of our empathy), by explaining how we should we empathise with others and by emphasising what the author calls the ‘moralising power’ of empathy, which is the capability empathy has of making us see things that appear prima facie as morally neutral, as things that matter morally.
Empathy and Moral Perception
Authors: Camassa Manuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter defends the view that empathy is tightly linked to the concept (and the phenomenon) of moral perception, which is in turn closely related to moral judgement. The contributions of scholars such as Lawrence Blum are taken into account and carefully analysed in order to demonstrate how moral judgement needs moral perception and how in turn moral perception cannot function properly without empathy.
ECE Teachers’ Use of Educational Technology in Early Mathematics Education and Its Association with Teacher and School Characteristics
Authors: Torbeyns Joke , Verbruggen Sandy , Depaepe Fien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent studies point to the potential of using educational technology (ET) to stimulate preschoolers’ mathematical development. Despite the potential of ET for fostering early mathematics there is still limited insight into the extent to which ET is actually used in daily classrooms. We aimed to complement current insights into early childhood education (ECE) teachers’ use of ET in mathematics education and its association with school and teacher characteristics via an interview study with 342 ECE teachers in Flanders (Belgium). Our results indicated that about 1/3 of them did not adopt ET in mathematics education. Teachers who used ET reported various programs, with general preference for practice programs covering multiple mathematical competencies. Surprisingly, these programs were at least as frequently used to support basic ICT skills as to stimulate children’s mathematical development. Finally, the school’s ICT infrastructure, teachers’ ET competences and their computer experience at home were identified as key variables for teachers’ adoption of ET. We discuss the implications of our findings for ECE teacher training and professional development initiatives and point to avenues for future studies on the topic.
Toddlers’ Mathematics and Language – Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Reikerås Elin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the relations between toddlers’ skills in mathematics and language and whether the relations differ for children at different levels of math skills. A total of 1086 toddlers (534 girls, 552 boys) were observed in play and everyday activities in early childhood and care settings by their teachers in a three-month period from they were 30 months. Strong correlations were found between toddlers’ different math skills and the aspects of language skills when the whole group results were analysed together. When dividing their results into quartiles based on sum scores, a larger variation became visible. For children within the three lowest math quartiles, only approximately 50% were in the corresponding language quartile. For the children in the highest math quartile, 71% were also in the highest language quartile. However, there are toddlers in the lowest math quartile with high language scores and toddlers in the highest math quartile with low language scores. This variation as appears when dividing a large sample into skill level groups question, whereas the two developmental areas can be treated as two sides of the same coin.
Mathematics in Actions and Gestures – A Young Learner’s Diagrammatic Reasoning
Authors: Billion Lara , Huth Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsidering a semiotic perspective this paper focuses on the mathematical actions and gestures of a 4-year-old boy on variously shaped and colored wooden figures in different amounts while he interacts with a group of another three kids and an accompanying person in a German kindergarten. The paper investigates the boy’s elaboration of a first trial of counting all green and blue dogs in front of him and his development of a colored pattern in gesture and action while he participates in the ongoing interaction in his speech. Even if the originally assumed mathematical area was numbers and operations, the situation was an open offer for the learners with the freedom to address different mathematical ideas. By dint of a semiotic analysis, it is shown that the boy uses his multimodal interaction skills in different ways, focusing same or different mathematical ideas of number determination in different modes. Theoretically the first empirical findings give rise to potentially rethink the notion of multimodality as to be not always an interwoven but sometimes a phased-wise parallel proceeding construction in mathematical interaction or learning.
Methodological Choices in Research on Early Mathematics Education: Elicitation of Parents’ Views
Authors: Lembrér Dorota 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss how using two different data collection methods affect the outcomes of research related to parents’ views on mathematics education. The methods were online surveys and photo-elicitation interviews. The impact of these methods on the outcomes of the study is described using Bruner’s narrative construction. Although the data collection methods enabled parents to describe, share and discuss their children’s engagement in mathematics activities at home and in early childhood institutions, the contexts in which the narratives were produced gave different insights into individual and societal views. Reflections on how the methods provide a foundation for discussions about how data collection can affect what can be said about parents’ knowledge, experiences and views. This has implications for future research on parents’ views about mathematics education for young children.
A Child Perspective and Children’s Perspectives on Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Samuelsson Ingrid Pramling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAll children have the right to a quality preschool education before school, according to Goal 4.2 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. How can the two different views of a child perspective and children’s perspectives be of help in teaching young children? In preschool education, the notion of “listening to children” is central, but is this rhetoric or praxis? Similarly, how can children’s play, which is claimed to be important in preschool, be related to learning—or should it not? Based on 40 years of empirical research, I share my view of young children’s learning in preschool.
The Tension Between Division and Fair Share
Authors: Eriksson Helena , Hedefalk Maria , Sumpter Lovisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on sharing, both in equal parts (groups) or unequal parts. Children at age five attending preschool, are faced with two different tasks working in pairs. The analysis focus on the mathematical properties in the reasoning, or when mathematical arguments were replaced with an ethical reasoning. When performing division, different strategies were used, and the norm of fair share was often expressed. It was easier for the children to allocate resources when the dividend was larger than the divisor, and when dealing with a fraction, the cardinality of the number of parts appeared to be a prominent property compared to property ‘equal size’ of the parts. There were also indications of ethical reasoning where the child used different claims to convince their peer. There was a tension between the norm of equal sharing and solutions with unequal parts. One implication is that if wanting to challenge children’s mathematical reasoning in a division task, it could be fruitful to look at fractions instead of repeating tasks where the dividend is larger than the divisor.
Collective Problem Solving in Peer Interactions in Block Play Situations in Kindergarten
Authors: Vogler Anna-Marietha , Henschen Esther , Teschner Martina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlay is often described as the foundation of early mathematical learning processes. Helenius and colleagues state in this context that not only mathematical content is negotiated and learned in play, but those play situations also enable the emergence of process-related mathematical competencies, such as problem solving. The article focuses on such problem-solving processes. Comparative analyses show how construction problems in peer situations in free play situations can function as a catalyst for discursive mathematical learning processes in block play situations in kindergarten. Thus, various heuristics can be elaborated, which emerge in peer interactions.
Covariant generalized conserved charges of General Relativity
Authors: Gómez-Fayrén Carmen , Meessen Patrick , Ortín Tomás 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the current research of generalized symmetries and the construction of conserved charges in pure Einstein gravity linearized over Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates, we investigate, from a purely classical point of view, the construction of these charges in a coordinate- and frame-independent language in order to generalize them further. We show that all the charges constructed in that context are associated to the conformal Killing-Yano 2-forms of Minkowski spacetime. Furthermore, we prove that those associated to closed conformal Killing-Yano 2-forms are identical to the charges constructed by Kastor and Traschen for their dual Killing-Yano (d − 2)-forms. We discuss the number of independent and non-trivial gravitational charges that can be constructed in this way.
Mass deformations of brane brick models
Authors: Franco Sebastián , Ghim Dongwook , Goulas Georgios P. , Seong Rak-Kyeong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate a class of mass deformations that connect pairs of 2d (0, 2) gauge theories associated to different toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds. These deformations are generalizations to 2d of the well-known Klebanov-Witten deformation relating the 4d gauge theories for the ℂ2/ℤ2 × ℂ orbifold and the conifold. We investigate various aspects of these deformations, including their connection to brane brick models and the relation between the change in the geometry and the pattern of symmetry breaking triggered by the deformation. We also explore how the volume of the Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifold at the base of the Calabi-Yau 4-fold varies under deformation, which leads us to conjecture that it quantifies the number of degrees of freedom of the gauge theory and its dependence on the RG scale.