bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofidelic image registration for head and neck region utilizing an in-silico articulated skeleton as a transformation model
Authors: Bauer Cornelius J , Teske Hendrik , Walter Alexandra , Hoegen Philipp , Adeberg Sebastian , Debus Jürgen , Jäkel Oliver , Giske Kristina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. We propose an integration scheme for a biomechanical motion model into a deformable image registration. We demonstrate its accuracy and reproducibility for adaptive radiation therapy in the head and neck region. Approach. The novel registration scheme for the bony structures in the head and neck regions is based on a previously developed articulated kinematic skeleton model. The realized iterative single-bone optimization process directly triggers posture changes of the articulated skeleton, exchanging the transformation model within the deformable image registration process. Accuracy in terms of target registration errors in the bones is evaluated for 18 vector fields of three patients between each planning CT and six fraction CT scans distributed along the treatment course. Main results. The median of target registration error distribution of the landmark pairs is 1.4 ± 0.3 mm. This is sufficient accuracy for adaptive radiation therapy. The registration performs equally well for all three patients and no degradation of the registration accuracy can be observed throughout the treatment. Significance. Deformable image registration, despite its known residual uncertainties, is until now the tool of choice towards online re-planning automation. By introducing a biofidelic motion model into the optimization, we provide a viable way towards an in-build quality assurance.
Polyurethane/ drug loaded halloysite nanotubes based electrospun nanocomposite for sustained drug release
Authors: Joshi Mangala , Roy Sukumar , Venugopal Vani 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, electrospun polyurethane nanofibre composite incorporated with drug loaded halloysite nanotubes is presented. Chlorhexidine acetate (CA) drug was loaded into the halloysite nanotubes (HNT) to facilitate its controlled release for prolonged efficacy. The drug loading percentage in HNT was determined using thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis. Uniform fibrous webs were obtained by electrospinning technique with optimised process parameters (i.e., 10 KV, flow rate of 5 μl min−1 and needle to collector distance of 10 cm) which was evident from SEM images. Antimicrobial efficiency of the nanowebs was determined using disk diffusion method (AATCC 90) against both the Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The polyurethane/HNT-CA nanowebs showed very good activity against these strains. The drug release analysis of the nanowebs was carried by UV–vis spectrophotometry using total immersion method. The nanocomposite with drug loaded in HNT showed higher controlled release characteristics as evident from the drug release assay.
Evidence of defect formation in monolayer MoS2at ultralow accelerating voltage electron irradiation
Authors: Dash Ajit Kumar , Swaminathan Hariharan , Berger Ethan , Mondal Mainak , Lehenkari Touko , Prasad Pushp Raj , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Singh Akshay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractControl on spatial location and density of defects in two-dimensional materials can be achieved using electron beam irradiation. Conversely, ultralow accelerating voltages (⩽5 kV) are used to measure surface morphology, with no expected defect creation. We find clear signatures of defect creation in monolayer MoS2at these voltages. Evolution ofE′andA1′Raman modes with electron dose, and appearance of defect activated peaks indicate defect formation. To simulate Raman spectra of MoS2at realistic defect distributions, while retaining density-functional theory accuracy, we combine machine-learning force fields for phonons and eigenmode projection approach for Raman tensors. Simulated spectra agree with experiments, with sulphur vacancies as suggested defects. We decouple defects, doping and carbonaceous contamination using control (hBN covered and encapsulated MoS2) samples. We observe cryogenic photoluminescence quenching and defect peaks, and find that carbonaceous contamination does not affect defect creation. These studies have applications in photonics and quantum emitters.
The benefit of Ca in improving pinning of BaZrO3-Y2O3doubly-doped YBa2Cu3O7-x/Ca0.3Y0.7Ba2Cu3O7-xmultilayer nanocomposite films
Authors: Panth Mohan , Ogunjimi Victor , Sebastian Mary Ann , Gautam Bibek , Haugan Timothy , Wu Judy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work examines the pinning enhancement in BaZrO3(BZO) +Y2O3doubly-doped (DD) YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) nanocomposite multilayer (DD-ML) films. The film consists of two 10 nm thin Ca0.3Y0.7Ba2Cu3O7-x(CaY-123) spacers stacking alternatively with three BZO + Y2O3/YBCO layers of 50 nm each in thickness that contain 3 vol% of Y2O3and BZO doping in the range of 2–6 vol%. Enhanced magnetic vortex pinning and improved pinning isotropy with respect to the orientation of magnetic field (B) have been achieved in the DD-ML samples at lower BZO doping as compared to that in the single-layer counterparts (DD-SL) without the CaY-123 spacers. For example, the pinning force density (Fp) of ∼58 GNm−3in 2 vol.% of DD-ML film is ∼110% higher than in 2 vol% of DD-SL at 65 K andB//c-axis, which is attributed to the improved pinning efficiency byc-axis aligned BZO nanorods through diffusion of Calcium (Ca) along the tensile-strained channels at BZO nanorods/YBCO interface for improvement of the interface microstructure and hence pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods. An additional benefit is in the considerably improvedJc(θ) and reducedJcanisotropy in the former over the entire range of the B orientations. However, at higher BZO doping, the BZO nanorods become segmented and misoriented, which may change the Ca diffusion pathways and reduce the benefit of Ca in improving the pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods.
Charge transport modelling of perovskite solar cells accounting for non-Boltzmann statistics in organic and highly-doped transport layers
Authors: Clarke Will , Wolf Matthew J , Walker Alison , Richardson Giles 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a drift–diffusion model of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) in which carrier transport in the charge transport layers (TLs) is not based on the Boltzmann approximation to the Fermi–Dirac (FD) statistical distribution, in contrast to previously studied models. At sufficiently high carrier densities the Boltzmann approximation breaks down and the precise form of the density of states function (often assumed to be parabolic) has a significant influence on carrier transport. In particular, parabolic, Kane and Gaussian models of the density of states are discussed in depth and it is shown that the discrepancies between the Boltzmann approximation and the full FD statistical model are particularly marked for the Gaussian model, which is typically used to describe organic semiconducting TLs. Comparison is made between full device models, using parameter values taken from the literature, in which carrier motion in the TLs is described using (I) the full FD statistical model and (II) the Boltzmann approximation. For a representative TiO2/MAPI/Spiro device the behaviour of the PSC predicted by the Boltzmann-based model shows significant differences compared to that predicted by the FD-based model. This holds both at steady-state, where the Boltzmann treatment overestimates the power conversion efficiency by a factor of 27%, compared to the FD treatment, and in dynamic simulations of current–voltage hysteresis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This suggests that the standard approach, in which carrier transport in the TLs is modelled based on the Boltzmann approximation, is inadequate. Furthermore, we show that the full FD treatment gives a more accurate representation of the steady-state performance, compared to the standard Boltzmann treatment, as measured against experimental data reported in the literature for typical TiO2/MAPI/Spiro devices.
Deep Neck Contouring With a Focus on Submandibular Gland Vascularity: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Buyuklu Fuat , Kolar Mallappa , Whitehead David Edward James , Gezer Erhan , Tunalı Selçuk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Opening the neck through a submental incision allows accurate management of deep neck structures and results in exceptional neck contours.

Objectives
The authors aimed to evaluate the distribution of deep neck structures and investigate the detailed vascular anatomy of the submandibular gland.

Methods
A total of 26 fresh frozen cadaver heads (15 female, 11 male) were utilized. The authors evaluated the weights of the excised tissues simulating cosmetic resections, including subcutaneous fat, subplatysmal fat, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and submandibular glands. The vascular supply of the submandibular gland and intracapsular vessel diameters were also investigated.

Results
Whereas female cadavers had greater mean tissue weight removed from the supraplatysmal plane (mean 20.9 g, 56.6%) than the subplatysmal plane (16 g, 43.4%), male cadavers had higher mean tissue weight removed from the subplatysmal plane (10.5 g, 60.7%) than the supraplatysmal plane (mean 6.8 g, 39.3%). The mean subcutaneous (6.8 g) and subplatysmal (6.4 g) fat weights were almost equal in male cadavers; mean subcutaneous fat weight (20.9 g) was 3 times higher than subplatysmal fat weight (6.8 g) in female cadavers. There was a statistically significant relationship between body mass index and fat removed. The intraglandular vessel diameters increased as resections approached the main feeding vessels located posterosuperior (facial artery) and anterosuperior (submental artery) to the submandibular gland.

Conclusions
The results suggest that to achieve exceptional neck contour the structures deep to the platysma often need to be addressed. The submandibular gland reduction can be safely performed with comprehensive understanding of its vascular anatomy.
Bimekizumab maintenance of response through 3 years in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from the BE BRIGHT open-label extension trial
Authors: Strober Bruce , Tada Yayoi , Mrowietz Ulrich , Lebwohl Mark , Foley Peter , Langley Richard G , Warren Richard B , Wang Maggie , Vanvoorden Veerle , Szilagyi Balint , Ciaravino Valerie , Paul Carle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiven the chronic nature of psoriasis and the loss of response that can be observed with therapies over time, it is important to understand the long-term efficacy of new treatments.ObjectivesTo evaluate maintenance of Week 16 responses with bimekizumab (BKZ) treatment through Year 3, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.MethodsData were pooled from BKZ-treated patients in the 52-week (BE VIVID) and 56-week (BE READY and BE SURE) phase III studies, and their ongoing open-label extension (OLE), BE BRIGHT. Efficacy outcomes are reported through 3 years of BKZ treatment in patients with an efficacy response at Week 16. Missing data were imputed primarily using modified nonresponder imputation (mNRI), with nonresponder imputation and observed case data also reported.ResultsA total of 989 patients were randomized to BKZ at baseline in BE VIVID, BE READY and BE SURE. At Week 16, 693 patients achieved ≥ 90% reduction from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90), 503 achieved 100% reduction from baseline in PASI (PASI 100), 694 achieved absolute PASI ≤ 2 and 597 achieved body surface area (BSA) ≤ 1%, and continued into the OLE. Of these, 93.0% maintained PASI 90, 80.8% maintained PASI 100, 94.0% maintained PASI ≤ 2 and 90.3% maintained BSA ≤ 1% responses through to 3 years of BKZ treatment (mNRI). Among Week 16 PASI 90 responders, 96.8% and 72.5% also achieved Investigator’s Global Assessment 0/1 and PASI 100 at Week 16, respectively, and 92.2% and 73.4% achieved these responses at Year 3 (mNRI). Among Week 16 PASI 100 responders, 76.3% also achieved Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 0/1 at Week 16, and DLQI 0/1 response increased with continuous BKZ treatment to 89.0% at Year 3 (mNRI).ConclusionsHigh levels of clinical response were maintained through to 3 years of BKZ treatment in the vast majority of Week 16 responders. Long-term treatment with BKZ was efficacious, with important benefits for health-related quality of life, in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Cervical spinal cord injury leads to injury and altered metabolism in the lungs
Authors: Huffman Emily E , Dong Brittany E , Clarke Harrison A , Young Lyndsay E A , Gentry Matthew S , Allison Derek B , Sun Ramon C , Waters Christopher M , Alilain Warren J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh-cervical spinal cord injury often disrupts respiratory motor pathways and disables breathing in the affected population. Moreover, cervically injured individuals are at risk for developing acute lung injury, which predicts substantial mortality rates. While the correlation between acute lung injury and spinal cord injury has been found in the clinical setting, the field lacks an animal model to interrogate the fundamental biology of this relationship. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, we performed an experimental cervical spinal cord injury (N = 18) alongside sham injury (N = 3) and naïve animals (N = 15) to assess lung injury in adult rats. We demonstrate that animals display some early signs of lung injury two weeks post-spinal cord injury. While no obvious histological signs of injury were observed, the spinal cord injured cohort displayed significant signs of metabolic dysregulation in multiple pathways that include amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and N-linked glycosylation. Collectively, we establish for the first time a model of lung injury after spinal cord injury at an acute time point that can be used to monitor the progression of lung damage, as well as identify potential targets to ameliorate acute lung injury.
Preimplantation or gestation/lactation high-fat diet alters adult offspring metabolism and neurogenesis
Authors: Ojeda Diego A , Hutton Oliver , Hopkins Robert , Cagampang Felino , Smyth Neil R , Fleming Tom P , Eckert Judith , Willaime-Morawek Sandrine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoor maternal nutrition during pregnancy is known to impair fetal development. Moreover, the preimplantation period is vulnerable to adverse programming of disease. Here, we investigated the effect of a mouse maternal high-fat diet in healthy non-obese dams during preimplantation or throughout pregnancy and lactation on metabolism-related parameters and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult offspring. Female mice were fed from conception either a normal fat diet (normal fat diet group) or high-fat diet throughout gestation and lactation (high-fat diet group), or high-fat diet only during preimplantation (embryonic high-fat diet group, high-fat diet up to E3.5, normal fat diet thereafter). Maternal high-fat diet caused changes in the offspring, including increased systolic blood pressure, diurnal activity, respiratory quotient, and energy expenditure in high-fat diet females, and increased systolic blood pressure and respiratory quotient but decreased energy expenditure in high-fat diet males. High-fat diet males had a higher density of newborn neurons and a lower density of mature neurons in the dentate gyrus, indicating that exposure to a maternal high-fat diet may regulate adult neurogenesis. A maternal high-fat diet also increased the density of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of high-fat diet males and females. Generally, a graded response (normal fat diet &lt; embryonic high-fat &lt; high-fat diet) was observed, with only 3 days of high-fat diet exposure altering offspring energy metabolism and hippocampal cell density. Thus, early maternal exposure to a fatty diet, well before neural differentiation begins and independently of maternal obesity, is sufficient to perturb offspring energy metabolism and brain physiology with lifetime consequences.
Sodium in the skin: a summary of the physiology and a scoping review of disease associations
Authors: Chattopadhyay Aheli , Tully Janell , Shan Judy , Sheikh Sidra , Ohliger Michael , Gordon Jeremy W , Mauro Theodora , Abuabara Katrina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A large and growing body of research suggests that the skin plays an important role in regulating total body sodium, challenging traditional models of sodium homeostasis that focused exclusively on blood pressure and the kidney. In addition, skin sodium may help to prevent water loss and facilitate macrophage-driven antimicrobial host defence, but may also trigger immune dysregulation via upregulation of proinflammatory markers and downregulation of anti-inflammatory processes. We performed a systematic search of PubMed for published literature on skin sodium and disease outcomes and found that skin sodium concentration is increased in patients with cardiometabolic conditions including hypertension, diabetes and end-stage renal disease; autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis; and dermatological conditions including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and lipoedema. Several patient characteristics are associated with increased skin sodium concentration including older age and male sex. Animal evidence suggests that increased salt intake results in higher skin sodium levels; however, there are conflicting results from small trials in humans. Additionally, limited data suggest that pharmaceuticals such as diuretics and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors approved for diabetes, as well as haemodialysis may reduce skin sodium levels. In summary, emerging research supports an important role for skin sodium in physiological processes related to osmoregulation and immunity. With the advent of new noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging measurement techniques and continued research on skin sodium, it may emerge as a marker of immune-mediated disease activity or a potential therapeutic target.
Long-term outcome of children with newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the global TOPP registry
Authors: Ploegstra Mark-Jan , Ivy David Dunbar , Beghetti Maurice , Bonnet Damien , Alehan Dursun , Ablonczy Laszlo , Mattos Sandra , Bowers David , Humpl Tilman , Berger Rolf M F ,   TOPP Investigators, Weintraub Robert G , Geiger Ralf , Marx Manfred , Cools Bjorn , Mattos Sandra , Humpl Tilman , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Sondergaard Lars , Bonnet Damien , Apitz Christian , Hager Alfred , Ablonczy Laszlo , Milanesi Ornella , Saji Ben T , Pulido Tomás , Berger Rolf , Douwes Menno , Brun Henrik , Moll Jadwiga , Michalak Krzysztof W , Kawalec Wanda , Małgorzata Żuk , Beghetti Maurice , Boillat Margrit Fasnacht , Olguntürk Rana , Kula Serdar , Alehan Dursun , Schulze-Neick Ingram , Barst Robyn , Atz Andrew M , Ivy D Dunbar , Day Ronald W , Austin Eric D , Moore J Donald , Feinstein Jeffrey A , Yung Delphine , Berger John T , Mallory George B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
The Tracking Outcomes and Practice in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (TOPP) registry is a global network established to gain insights into the disease course and long-term outcomes of paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously published cohorts in paediatric PAH are obscured by survival bias due to the inclusion of both prevalent (previously diagnosed) and incident (newly diagnosed) patients. The current study aims to describe long-term outcome and its predictors in paediatric PAH, exclusively of newly diagnosed patients.

Methods and results
Five hundred thirty-one children with confirmed pulmonary hypertension, aged ≥3 months and &lt;18 years, were enrolled in the real-world TOPP registry at 33 centres in 20 countries, from 2008 to 2015. Of these, 242 children with newly diagnosed PAH with at least one follow-up visit were included in the current outcome analyses. During long-term follow-up, 42 (17.4%) children died, 9 (3.7%) underwent lung transplantation, 3 (1.2%) atrial septostomy, and 9 (3.7%) Potts shunt palliation (event rates: 6.2, 1.3, 0.4, and 1.4 events per 100 person-years, respectively). One-, three-, and five-year survival free from adverse outcome was 83.9%, 75.2%, and 71.8%, respectively.
Overall, children with open (unrepaired or residual) cardiac shunts had the best survival rates. Younger age, worse World Health Organization functional class, and higher pulmonary vascular resistance index were identified as independent predictors of long-term adverse outcome. Younger age, higher mean right atrial pressure, and lower systemic venous oxygen saturation were specifically identified as independent predictors of early adverse outcome (within 12 months after enrolment).

Conclusion
This comprehensive analysis of survival from time of diagnosis in a large exclusive cohort of children newly diagnosed with PAH describes current-era outcome and its predictors.
Ethnic differences in blood pressure levels over time: the HELIUS study
Authors: Vriend Esther M C , Wever Britt E , Bouwmeester Thomas A , Agyemang Charles , Franco Oscar H , Galenkamp Henrike , Moll van Charante Eric P , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Collard Didier , van den Born Bert-Jan H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Hypertension is an important global health burden with major differences in prevalence among ethnic minorities compared with host populations. Longitudinal research on ethnic differences in blood pressure (BP) levels provides the opportunity to assess the efficacy of strategies aimed at mitigating gaps in hypertension control. In this study, we assessed the change in BP levels over time in a multi-ethnic population-based cohort in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Methods and results
We used baseline and follow-up data from HELIUS to assess differences in BP over time between participants of Dutch, South Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Moroccan, and Turkish descent. Baseline data were collected between 2011 and 2015 and follow-up data between 2019 and 2021. The main outcome was ethnic differences in systolic BP (SBP) over time determined by linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and use of antihypertensive medication. We included 22 109 participants at baseline, from which 10 170 participants had complete follow-up data. The mean follow-up time was 6.3 (1.1) years. Compared with the Dutch population, the mean SBP increased significantly more from baseline to follow-up in Ghanaians [1.78 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–2.79], Moroccans (2.06 mmHg, 95% CI 1.23–2.90), and the Turkish population (1.30 mmHg, 95% CI 0.38–2.22). Systolic blood pressure differences were in part explained by differences in body mass index (BMI). No differences in SBP trajectory were present between the Dutch and Surinamese population.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate a further increase of ethnic differences in SBP among Ghanaian, Moroccan, and Turkish populations compared with the Dutch reference population that are in part attributable to differences in BMI.