bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating uncertainty in networks of social exchange: a relational event study of a community currency system
Authors: Hoffmann Jakob , Glückler Johannes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the structure of socially embedded exchange under uncertainty in the context of a community currency system in Germany. We discuss three relational and path-dependent mechanisms—experience-based trust, networked reputation and public reputation—which serve as navigation practices to mitigate uncertainty. We furthermore associate these mechanisms with observable structures of exchange, namely repeated transactions and reciprocity, transitivity and provider activity, and discuss differences in product-inherent uncertainty as a source of variation in network structure. Based on original observations of more than 4000 transactions over a period of 8 years, we use relational event models to demonstrate that the history of transactions exhibits structure consistent with the three hypothesized mechanisms, with some variation across different types of transactions. This variation is partly in line with differences in product-inherent uncertainty, but we also discuss alternative sources of variation related to organizational and institutional conditions of the exchange system.
Increased muscle activity during sleep and more RBD symptoms in H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccinated narcolepsy type 1 patients compared with their non-narcoleptic siblings
Authors: Viste Rannveig , Follin Louise F , Kornum Birgitte R , Lie Benedicte A , Viken Marte K , Thorsby Per M , Rootwelt Terje , Christensen Julie A E , Knudsen-Heier Stine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is characterized by unstable sleep-wake and muscle tonus regulation during sleep. We characterized dream enactment and muscle activity during sleep in a cohort of post-H1N1 NT1 patients and their siblings, and analyzed whether clinical phenotypic characteristics and major risk factors are associated with increased muscle activity.MethodsRBD symptoms and polysomnography m. tibialis anterior electromyographical signals [long (0.5–15 s); short (0.1–0.49 s)] were compared between 114 post-H1N1 NT1 patients and 89 non-narcoleptic siblings. Association sub-analyses with RBD symptoms, narcoleptic symptoms, CSF hypocretin-1 levels, and major risk factors [H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccination, HLA-DQB1*06:02-positivity] were performed.ResultsRBD symptoms, REM and NREM long muscle activity indices and REM short muscle activity index were significantly higher in NT1 patients than siblings (all p &lt; 0.001). Patients with undetectable CSF hypocretin-1 levels (&lt;40 pg/ml) had significantly more NREM periodic long muscle activity than patients with low but detectable levels (40–150 pg/ml) (p = 0.047). In siblings, REM and NREM sleep muscle activity indices were not associated with RBD symptoms, other narcolepsy symptoms, or HLA-DQB1*06:02-positivity. H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccination status did not predict muscle activity indices in patients or siblings.ConclusionIncreased REM and NREM muscle activity and more RBD symptoms is characteristic of NT1, and muscle activity severity is predicted by hypocretin deficiency severity but not by H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccination status. In the patients’ non-narcoleptic siblings, neither RBD symptoms, core narcoleptic symptoms, nor the major NT1 risk factors is associated with muscle activity during sleep, hence not indicative of a phenotypic continuum.
Overnight emotional inertia in relation to depressive symptomatology and subjective sleep quality
Authors: Frérart Liesse , Bilsen Lauren , Dejonckheere Egon , Kuppens Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmotions show a certain degree of continuity during the day, a quality referred to as emotional inertia, and that is typically elevated in depression. Little is known however about the extent to which our emotional experiences may or may not also persist overnight. Do our feelings continue from evening to morning or not? And how is this related to depressive symptoms and sleep quality? In an experience sampling studies in healthy subjects (ns = 123) we investigated (1) to what extent people’s mood, in terms of positive and negative affect, in the morning, after a night of sleep, can be predicted from their mood of the evening before, and whether this is moderated by (2) depressive symptom severity or (3) subjective sleep quality. Results showed that morning negative affect could be strongly predicted based on previous evening negative affect, whilst this carry-over effect was not observed for positive affect, indicating that negative affect shows a general tendency to persist overnight, while positive affect did not show such continuity. The overnight prediction of both negative and positive affect was not moderated by level of depressive symptoms, nor by subjective sleep quality.
Trustees cannot ask Argentine Courts for guidance (Macri, Mauricio c/Inspección General de Justicia)
Authors: Malumián Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the questions most commonly asked to practitioners by trustees is if it is possible to request advice, or a binding order from a Judge, on the right course of action. Obviously, such possibility would preclude any further discussion of the responsibility of the trustee (that followed the judicial advice or instruction). This request is possible in most jurisdictions on tax issues, but is not possible on business or other issues. Argentina is no exception, and this case explains the applicable law.
Knowledge and participation in mass drug administration against lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections among the community members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ngunyali Diana A , Mpomele Stella S , Kilonzi Manase , Mutagonda Ritah F , Mikomangwa Wigilya P , Mlyuka Hamu J , Kibanga Wema , Marealle Alphonce Ignace 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Although the WHO has made an effort to ensure optimal participation of the community in mass drug administration (MDA) against lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminth infections (STHIs), studies are still reporting suboptimal coverage. This study assessed the knowledge and participation of the community in MDA against LF and SHTIs in Tanzania to provide updates on its acceptability.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dar es Salaam from December 2021 to February 2022 among market vendors. The information regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge and participation in MDA was collected using a questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social science version 26 was used for data analysis.

Results
More than half of the participants demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge of LF and STHI, 212 (50.8%) and 267 (64%), respectively. Only 286 (68.5%) reported having heard about MDA against LF and STHIs, out of which 119 (42%) had taken the medication. Of those who disagreed to participate in MDA, 20 (50%) claimed to fear the side effects of the medication.

Conclusions
This study found that the community has average knowledge and poor participation in MDA against LF and STHIs. Community sensitization is recommended to increase the participation of the community.
Impact of healthcare strain on access to mechanical ventilation and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Núñez Isaac , Soto-Mota Adrian 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Healthcare saturation has been a prominent worry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increase of hospital beds with mechanical ventilators has been central in Mexico's approach, but it is not known whether this actually improves access to care and the resulting quality of it. This study aimed to determine the impact of healthcare strain and other pre-specified variables on dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using open data from Mexico City between 8 May 2020 and 5 January 2021. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to identify the strength of the association between proposed variables and the outcomes.

Results
Of 33 797 hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 19 820 (58.6%) did not require IMV and survived, 5414 (16.1%) required IMV and were intubated and 8563 (25.3%) required IMV but died without receiving it. A greater occupation of IMV-capable beds increased the hazard of death without receiving IMV (hazard ratio [HR] 1.56, comparing 90% with 50% occupation). Private healthcare was the most protective factor for death without IMV (HR 0.14).

Conclusions
Higher hospital bed saturation increased the hazard of dying without being intubated and worsened the outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients. Older age also increased the hazard of the outcomes, while private healthcare dramatically decreased them.
Reekeekee- and roodoodooviruses, two different Microviridae clades constituted by the smallest DNA phages
Authors: Olo Ndela Eric , Roux Simon , Henke Christian , Sczyrba Alexander , Sime Ngando Télesphore , Varsani Arvind , Enault François 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small circular single-stranded DNA viruses of the Microviridae family are both prevalent and diverse in all ecosystems. They usually harbor a genome between 4.3 and 6.3 kb, with a microvirus recently isolated from a marine Alphaproteobacteria being the smallest known genome of a DNA phage (4.248 kb). A subfamily, Amoyvirinae, has been proposed to classify this virus and other related small Alphaproteobacteria-infecting phages. Here, we report the discovery, in meta-omics data sets from various aquatic ecosystems, of sixteen complete microvirus genomes significantly smaller (2.991–3.692 kb) than known ones. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that these sixteen genomes represent two related, yet distinct and diverse, novel groups of microviruses—amoyviruses being their closest known relatives. We propose that these small microviruses are members of two tentatively named subfamilies Reekeekeevirinae and Roodoodoovirinae. As known microvirus genomes encode many overlapping and overprinted genes that are not identified by gene prediction software, we developed a new methodology to identify all genes based on protein conservation, amino acid composition, and selection pressure estimations. Surprisingly, only four to five genes could be identified per genome, with the number of overprinted genes lower than that in phiX174. These small genomes thus tend to have both a lower number of genes and a shorter length for each gene, leaving no place for variable gene regions that could harbor overprinted genes. Even more surprisingly, these two Microviridae groups had specific and different gene content, and major differences in their conserved protein sequences, highlighting that these two related groups of small genome microviruses use very different strategies to fulfill their lifecycle with such a small number of genes. The discovery of these genomes and the detailed prediction and annotation of their genome content expand our understanding of ssDNA phages in nature and are further evidence that these viruses have explored a wide range of possibilities during their long evolution.
Implementing change in the care of the complex cardiac patient
Authors: Rus Ioana A. , Kudela Molly , Suffredini Giancarlo , Ariyo Promise T. , Hensley Nadia B. , Abernathy James H. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Development of advanced and minimally invasive surgical procedures is providing treatment opportunities to older and higher risk patients. This has also led to highly specialized physicians and a need for better communication and planning with the patients and within the care team.

Recent findings
In the field of cardiac surgery, the heart team model has been advocated and implemented as a vehicle to optimize decision making prior to procedure, care during the procedure and in the recovery process. The goal is to provide a treatment path that prioritizes the patient's goals and to anticipate and minimize complications.

Summary
In this review, we discuss the concepts of shared decision making (SDM) and implementation science in the context of the complex cardiac patient. We also review the most recent evidence for their use in cardiac surgery. We argue that a team model not only bridges knowledge gaps but provides a multidisciplinary environment for the practice of SDM and implementation of evidence-based practices. Be believe this will provide patients with a better experience as they navigate their care and improve their medical outcomes as well.
How, when and why to establish preoperative surgical risk in thoracic surgery
Authors: Coleman John R. , Hanson Neil A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Emphasizing a systems-based approach, we discuss the timing for referral for perioperative surgical consultation. This review then highlights several types of comorbidities that may complicate thoracic procedures, and references recent best practices for their management.

Recent findings
Patients requiring thoracic surgeries present some of the most challenging cases for both intraoperative and postoperative management. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has only exacerbated these concerns. Effective preoperative optimization, however, provides for identification of patient comorbidities, allowing for mitigation of surgical risks. This kind of planning is multidisciplinary by nature. We believe patients benefit from early engagement of a dedicated preoperative clinic experienced for caring for complex surgical patients.

Summary
Optimizing patients for thoracic surgery can be challenging for small and large health systems alike. Implementation of evidence-based guidelines can improve care and mitigate risk. As surgical techniques evolve, future research is needed to ensure that perioperative care continues to progress.
Presurgical radiation and chemotherapy in preparation for thoracic tumor resection
Authors: Tavakoli Iran , Turner Simon R. , Diaz-Gutierrez Ilitch 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
This article aims at describing the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy as well the novel immunotherapy and targeted therapy in thoracic oncology with focus on anesthetic considerations of such treatments for the surgical patient.

Recent findings
In recent years, immune check point inhibitors have changed the landscape of thoracic oncology treatment. In this review, we summarize the key studies that have been fundamental in this change.

Summary
Rather than a comprehensive review, the purpose of this work is to provide the reader with an overview of the most common neoadjuvant regimens used in current practice, with the corresponding most prevalent adverse effects as it pertains for patients with esophageal and lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and mediastinal tumors. Considerations relevant to the anesthesiologist, including specific toxicities related to each treatment type, and the impact of each treatment type on perioperative outcomes and complications will be discussed.
Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy: a promising targeted therapeutic approach for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Akbarzadeh Reza , Riemekasten Gabriela , Humrich Jens Y. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy is increasingly recognized as a promising novel therapeutic concept in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in particular in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As IL-2 is indispensable for the growth and survival of regulatory T cells (Treg), deficiency of this regulatory cytokine plays a significant role in immune dysregulation and breach of tolerance in SLE. Recovery of Treg activity by low-dose IL-2 therapy directly interferes with the immune pathology in SLE and thus can be considered a targeted treatment approach with a unique and physiological mode of action.

Recent findings
In this review, the pathophysiological rationales behind the concept of low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE will be explained and major advances in translational research and the clinical development of low-dose IL-2 therapy focusing on the results from two recent, randomized and placebo-controlled phase 2 trials will be highlighted.

Summary
Several clinical studies including two recent randomized trials have proven the very good safety profile of low-dose IL-2 therapy and its capability to selectively recover and expand the Treg population in patients with active SLE. Given the emerging evidence for the clinical potential of low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE, these studies strongly confirm the pathophysiological concept behind this targeted therapeutic approach in SLE and provide a robust basis for establishing further in-depth and confirmatory clinical trials testing the application of low-dose IL-2 in SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
Theory of Pivoting Uncertainties
Authors: Dzou Tiffany , Eastwood Jo-Ann , Doering Lynn , Pavlish Carol , Pieters Huibrie 
Published: December 2022

Background
Individuals living with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are confronted with risks for catastrophic outcomes such as stroke and systemic infection. Considering these complexities, ongoing advance care planning (ACP) is important for shared decision making.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to describe how experiences of the MCS trajectory informed decision making about ACP.

Methods
All aspects of the research were guided by constructivist grounded theory. Focused conversations were conducted with a semistructured interview guide.

Results
A total of 24 community-dwelling patients living with MCS were interviewed (33% female; mean age, 60.6 years; 50% White). Participants were implanted with MCS (average duration, 29.8 months; bridge to transplant, 58%). Reflected in the narratives were tensions between initial expectations of living with the device in contrast with the realities that emerged over time. A crucial finding was that ACP decision making pivoted around the growing awareness of uncertainties in the MCS trajectory. Yet, clinicians were perceived to be silent in initiating ACP, and their reticence was understood as a sign of encouragement to hold on to hope for a heart transplant. The complex and dynamic decision-making processes around ACP were organized into the theory of pivoting uncertainties.

Conclusions
In this sample, patients were ready to share their concerns about the uncertainties of living with MCS and waited for MCS clinicians to initiate ACP. The theory of pivoting uncertainties is useful for elucidating the ebb and flow of ACP and lending clinicians' guidance for opportunities to initiate these sensitive conversations.
“The Superficial Fascia System: Anatomical Guideline for Zoning in Liposuction-Assisted Back Contouring.”
Authors: Si Loubin , Li Hairui , Li Zhijin , Zhang Mingzi , Chen Xi , Yu Lu , Wang Hayson Chenyu , Wang Yang 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Dorsal contour deformity presents with different manifestations in each part of the back, such as back rolls, iliac crest deposit, and buffalo hump. However, scant current literature exists on the anatomical basis of dorsal contour deformity. The aim of this study is to better understand the anatomical characteristics of the back, in order to propose evidence-based zoning principles for liposuction-assisted back contouring.

Method:
A total of 12 fresh cadavers were dissected for observation of each hierarchy in the vertical order (skin-to-deep fascia) and transverse comparison of the superficial fascial system (SFS) in the scapular-infrascapular-lumbar triangle region. Full-dorsum vectorial sections were used for the study of suprascapular fat deposits.

Results:
The SFS acts as a bridge connecting all levels of the dorsal subcutaneous tissue. Macroscopically, it is denser in the scapular and lumbar triangle regions and looser in the infrascapular region, and microscopically, the ultrastructure of the retinaculum cutis consists of loose interlobular fascia and stiff functional fascia.

Conclusion:
The regional variation pattern of the SFS in the back was consistent with observed back contour deformities in Asian females. A better understanding of the topographic anatomy of the back applied to evidenced zoning is the basis for improving surgical precision and avoiding dorsal contour deformity.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Montanarella Matthew , Boldig Kimberly , Natter Patrick , Ozdemir Savas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) is an epithelial tumor with distinctive prevalence in East and Southeast Asia. Most patients with NC only experience regional metastasis. In cases of distant metastasis, prognosis is grim. Leptomeningeal spread of the disease is a rare occurrence, which is sparsely described in the literature. We present a case of a 33-year-old man with a history of high-grade NC with leptomeningeal metastasis. Initial MRI lumbar spine demonstrated subtle findings consistent with leptomeningeal disease. These findings are easily discernible on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
HYPOTENSION AT THE TIME OF SEPSIS RECOGNITION IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN SEPSIS PATIENTS WITH NORMAL LACTATE LEVELS
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Yong Kyun , Oh Dong Kyu , Jeon Kyeongman , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Suh Gee Young , Lim Sung Yun , Lee Yeon Joo , Cho Young-Jae , Park Mi-Hyeon , Hong Sang-Bum , Lim Chae-Man , Park Sunghoon ,   On behalf of the Korean Sepsis Alliance (KSA) investigators
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective: Although sepsis is heterogeneous, data on sepsis patients with normal lactate levels are very limited. We explored whether hypotension at the time of sepsis recognition (i.e., time zero) was significant in terms of survival when lactate levels were normal in sepsis patients. Patients and Design: This was a prospective multicenter observational study conducted in 19 hospitals (20 intensive care units [ICUs]). Adult sepsis patients with normal lactate levels (≤2 mmol/L) admitted to ICUs were divided by the mean arterial pressure at time zero into hypotensive (<65 mm Hg) and nonhypotensive groups (≥65 mm Hg). Measurements and Results: Of 2,032 patients with sepsis (not septic shock), 617 with normal lactate levels were included in the analysis. The hypotensive group (n = 237) was characterized by higher rates of abdominal or urinary infections, and bacteremia, whereas the nonhypotensive group (n = 380) was characterized by higher rates of pulmonary infections and systemic inflammatory response. However, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (excluding the cardiovascular score) were not different between the groups. During sepsis resuscitation, the rates of antibiotic administration within 1, 3, and 6 h of time zero were higher in the hypotensive than nonhypotensive group (P < 0.05 for all time points), and the amounts of pre-ICU fluids given were also higher in the hypotensive group. However, despite a higher rate of vasopressor use in the hypotensive group, ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were not different between the groups (12.7% vs. 13.9% [P = 0.648] and 19.4% vs. 22.4% [P = 0.382], respectively). In multivariable analysis, the use of appropriate antibiotics and early lactate measurement were significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: In sepsis patients with normal lactate levels, neither hypotension nor vasopressor use adversely impacted the hospital outcome. Our results emphasize the importance of early interventions and appropriate use of antibiotics regardless of whether a patient is or is not hypotensive.