bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Front-Line Health-Care Workers in a COVID Hospital
Authors: Tomar Priya , Chauhan Naveen 
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives:
COVID-19 pandemic has currently attacked the health-care system of the whole world. Prevention and collaboration are the key to its management. Our study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among front-line health-care workers (HCWs) of a COVID dedicated hospital regarding the infection.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire based study was conducted. Participants were doctors and nursing staff working in a medical college. KAPs were assessed using a 26-item questionnaire with questions pertaining to knowledge (n = 13), attitude (n = 6), and practice (n = 7). Individual scores were generated and stratified as good (>10)/moderate (7–10)/poor knowledge (<7), positive (≥4)/negative (<4), attitude and good (≥4)/poor (<4) practice scores. Percentages of correct and incorrect responses were calculated for each question. Predictors of good overall scores were identified.

Results:
Response rate was 75%. Participants were interns (n = 45, 28.7%), junior residents (n = 7, 4.5%), postgraduate students (n = 58, 36.9%), clinicians (n = 9, 5.7%), and nursing staff (n = 38, 24%). Mean age was 26.13 ± 3.27 years. 8 (5%), 98 (62%), and 51 (32.5%) participants acquired good, moderate, and poor scores, respectively. Seventy-seven (49%) participants had positive attitude scores. Majority (n = 149, 94.9%) participants had good practice scores. Older age of HCWs was found significantly associated with better knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–11.22, P = 0.015). Similarly, HCWs who had personal experience of work in COVID area had more positive attitude than those who did not (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.23–5.42, P = 0.013). Good practices were evenly distributed among all subgroups.

Interpretation and Conclusions:
Repeated training sessions for correct dissemination of knowledge are essential in the fight against this novel pandemic. Collective efforts should be made regarding management.
An in vitro Digital Comparative Evaluation of the Accuracy and Dimensional Stability of Vinyl Polyether Silicone Impression Material with the Conventionally Used Elastomeric Materials Scanned Using a Blue Light Scanner
Authors: Ahuja Bhavna Mahesh , Sanyal Pronob Kumar , Guru Rakshith , Kore Abhijeet 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The development of material science has allowed integrating qualities of polyether (PE) and Vinyl Polysiloxane (VPS) into a newer material Vinyl polyether silicone (VPES). There is limited literature available on this combination material. The aim was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and dimensional change of elastomeric impression materials with a three-dimensional (3D) approach.

Materials and Methodology:
Impressions were made of standard tooth model and custom trays using the three monophase impression materials, i.e., Group A–Vinyl polysiloxane (VPS), Group B-Polyether (PE), and Group C-Vinyl Polyether silicone (VPES). All the impressions were digitized and compared on eight predetermined points using a 3D compare software by the superimposition of computer-aided design files of impressions onto that of Standard tooth model. Three-dimensional comparison is repeated after storage of impressions for 1 week to re-evaluate the dimensional stability of the impression materials.

Results:
The average measurement of mean discrepancies of all the 8 points obtained on day 1 for VPS, PE, and VPES were 75.758 μm, 139.52 μm, and 49.24 μm, respectively, which helps in the determination of accuracy and after interval of 1 week 91.27 μm, 157.25 μm, and 89.76 μm, respectively, which helps to deduce that the linear dimensional change values for Group A, Group B, and Group C were 15.52 μm, 17.73 μm, and 40.52 μm, respectively.

Conclusions:
Average dimensional accuracy was highest of VPES followed by VPS and PE. Whereas VPS impression material shows the highest dimensional stability after prolonged storage of 1 week, followed by PE and then VPES impression material.
Critical Appraisal of Curriculum Content for Undergraduate Academic Curricula Under Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) as Against Principles of Curriculum Design
Authors: Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Dhok Archana , Srivastava Tripti , Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna Anup 
Published: December 2022

Background:
A judicious mix of all three domains makes the curriculum better suited to the needs of the learner. At the same time, the curricula can be considered for their compliance with certain qualities such as the degree at which the curriculum addresses the cognitive domain, psychomotor domain as well as affective domains. Moreover, the design of the curricula should be such that they should be standardized for all interested learners taking into mind their different mental and psychological makeup. On this front, principles of curriculum design were given by The Curriculum Centre and are considered as standard of reference for this present study.

Materials and Methods:
Rapid review of literature with reference to curriculum of Intensive Care Technology, Biomedical Sciences, Clinical psychology, and Physician Assistant under faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University) in the academic year 2020–2021 for purpose of their “Typing” with principles of curriculum design was done.

Results:
The academic curricula included in the present study were found to adhere to the principles of richness of knowledge, curriculum designed with memory of the learner in mind, curriculum designed for novices and not experts. However, they were found to be not in consonance with the principles of domain specificity, coherence, cumulation, and academic challenge.

Conclusion:
The undergraduate course curricula of academic course curricula launched under the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences included in the present study have been critically appraised on the basis of their adherence with the principles of curriculum design as proposed by The Curriculum Centre.
Utility of Uterine artery Doppler indices for prediction of Preeclampsia
Authors: Patwa Prerna Anup , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Singh Rohan Kumar , Singh Sonal 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. With prompt recognition of symptoms and early diagnosis of preeclampsia can lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although, numerous tests have been proposed for the prediction of preeclampsia, their results have been inconsistent. So, we focused our research to study the uterine artery doppler for predicting preeclampsia in high-risk women.

Methodology:
We conducted a search on Google Scholar and PubMed based on Medical Subject Heading terms preeclampsia and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound. The articles between 2016 and 2020 which were in English were taken into consideration. We performed a qualitative interpretation as an approach for extracting the data.

Results:
Majority of the studies showed raised pulsatility index as a good predictor of preeclampsia, although it was closely followed by uterine artery notching which is in the early diastolic period.

Conclusion:
The findings of our research suggest that uterine artery Doppler indices and early diastolic notch can be used as a tool for the prediction of preeclampsia with high confidence.
A Study to Assess the Reliability of Structured Viva Examination over Traditional Viva Examination among 2nd-Year Pharmacology Students
Authors: Ahsan Marya , Mallick Ayaz Khurram 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Although viva voce provides the examiner an opportunity to probe and assess the reasoning and higher-order thinking abilities of the student, it is marred by inconsistency, subjectivity, and biases. These issues can be addressed by increasing the objectivity and standardization of the viva examination. Hence, this study was done to explore the perception and opinion regarding structured viva examination and to compare and correlate the marks of structured viva with theory examinations among 2nd-year medical students.

Materials and Methods:
An educational study was carried out on 150 students after obtaining institutional ethical committee and informed consent, out of which 42 students had dropped. The students were subjected to a theory examination of 30 marks following which they were divided into two groups. One group was assessed by traditional viva examination, whereas the other group was assessed by structured viva. The perception of the students and faculty was recorded using a five-point Likert scale. The marks obtained in the viva examination were correlated with the theory examination using Pearson coefficient. The significance of the mean was compared using Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.442; P = 0.001) was seen between marks scored in structured viva and theory examination. The overall response of the students and examiners was favorable toward a structured examination.

Conclusion:
Structured viva examination may be considered more reliable and fairer in comparison to a traditional viva examination. Hence, it may be preferred over the traditional viva examination.
Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Authors: Wagh Pankaj , Rajpurohit Rakesh , Ali Saood , Adwani Sameer , Kadukar Juhi , Aurangabadkar Gaurang 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) of the lung is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is an aerobic, acid-fast, Gram-positive bacillus. India has the world's highest number of TB cases, accounting for one-fourth of all TB cases. For efficient treatment of pulmonary TB, microbiological diagnosis is the mainstay. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear-negative patients could account for 31% of new cases. After multiple negative induced-sputum smear tests, we conducted this study to observe whether cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) provides an additional and early diagnostic yield for undiagnosed cases of pulmonary TB.

Objectives and Goals:
The purpose of this study was to observe if CBNAAT could be used to diagnose pulmonary TB early in patients who had TB clinically and radiologically but negative for sputum direct smear.

Materials and Methods:
At our institute, 82 patients were involved in an observational study for assessing the utility of CBNAAT in the early confirmation of TB in individuals who had an X-ray chest that is indicative of PTB, but a negative sputum smear for AFB. Our hospital's department of respiratory medicine was the site of the current clinical study.

Results:
The patients were mostly between the ages of 31 and 40 years, with a male majority. Cough was the most common symptom in 72 (88%) patients. In 30 patients, the sputum CBNAAT test was positive (36.5%). All 82 instances were given a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In 46 (56%) patients, BAL CBNAAT was positive. In 12 (15%) cases, bronchial brushings tested positive for AFB on smear examination. Caseating epithelioid granuloma was seen in 4 (14%) patients after a transbronchial lung biopsy.

Conclusion:
In individuals with strong indication of pulmonary TB, sputum CBNAAT and BAL CBNAAT provide a higher bacteriological confirmation of diagnosis.
Health Problems and Challenges for Optimal Health-Care Delivery in Humla District, Nepal
Authors: Rokaya Dinesh , Rokaya Nabin , Patel Jot Narayan , Sah Alok , Yadav Ranjit Kumar , Suttagul Kanokwan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Humla is one of the remote districts located in the north-west of Nepal and located at an altitude between 1500 and 7300 meters. Poor health-care services, less health-care professional, seasonal outbreak of diseases, food deficit in winter, and traditional beliefs in the curative service have caused health-care problems, hindrance, and challenges in the proper health-care delivery in Humla.

Objectives:
This study aims to provide information on the health problems and describes the difficulties and challenges to the health-care system in Humla district.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted at the District Hospital Humla regarding medical treatment and disease prevalent from June 2017 to April 2018. Microsoft and SPSS version 18 were used to analyze the data.

Results:
It showed that the majority of the patients visiting at hospital show gastritis (30%), followed by pelvic inflammatory disease (20%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12%), trauma (from landslide injury and fall injury) (8%), and alcoholic liver disease (10%). In addition, 35% of Humli people follow the traditional belief of witch doctor, 15% do home remedy, and 50% of people go to see a medical doctor and do modern treatment.

Conclusions:
Humli people face several difficulties in the health care, such as less number of hospitals, less number of doctors and health-care personals, few specialists, and less medical equipment. Among medical problems, gastritis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the most common medical problems in Humla.
Ocular Morbidities among the Geriatric Persons, Attending the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Odisha
Authors: Mohanty Smaraki , Mohanty Saumendu , Mohanty Minakshi , Behera Tapas Ranjan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
According to the census of 2011, 13% of the Indian population was 60 years of age or older. As the geriatric population is the most vulnerable part of society, they are prone to all type of diseases including eye problems which are preventable or correctable but requires constant medical, financial, and social support. This study will find the magnitude of various ocular morbidities and their relationship with sociodemographic factors among geriatrics.

Objective:
1. To find the magnitude of ocular morbidities among the elderly. 2. To study the relationship of different sociodemographic factors with ocular morbidities. 3. To estimate the average time spent for getting ophthalmic care at the outpatient department (OPD).

Subjects and Methods:
It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Ophthalmology OPD of Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, from January to December 2016. A total of 1320 geriatric persons were enrolled during this period. Ethical clearance was obtained.

Results:
Out of the 1320 geriatric patients, 58.86% were in the age group of 60–69 years, 35.22% in 70–79 years, and 5.9% ≥80 years with a mean age of 67.7 ± 6.7 years. Males accounted for 70.98% and females for 29.02%. Different ocular morbidities detected are cataract (59.2%), refractive error (18%), ocular injury (5.9%), diabetic retinopathy (3.9%), glaucoma and chronic dacryocystitis (3%), and foreign body in the eye (2%). The total waiting time in the ophthalmology OPD to get ophthalmic care was 7.8 ± 3.2 min. The total consultation time in the OPD was 75.59 ± 27.15 min.

Conclusion:
The most common cause of visual impairment/blindness in the geriatric age group are cataract and refractive errors which are treated/corrected free of cost at any government health facility under the National Programme for Control of Blindness. People should be aware of the causes, prevention modalities, and treatment of the causes of blindness.
Patterns and Outcomes of Empirical Antimicrobial Use in Elderly Outpatients
Authors: Ojha Bisweswar , Singh Amit , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Kaur Upinder 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Despite the rampant use of antimicrobials in health-care settings, the safety and clinical outcome data of antimicrobials are scarce in the elderly population. The main aim of this study is to assess the prescription pattern, therapeutic gains, and adverse reactions resulting out of antimicrobial use in elderly outpatients.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study conducted for 7 months from June 2019 to December 2019 in elderly patients visiting the geriatric outpatient department of a tertiary hospital of North India. Primary outcomes included clinical improvement as well as the incidence and type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed with antimicrobial use.

Results:
Of 110 participants recruited, 107 were assessed for clinical outcomes. The common indications of antimicrobial use were lower respiratory tract infection (48.6%), urinary tract infection (18.7%), and worm infestations (14%). Macrolides (57%) and beta-lactams (43%) were the commonly prescribed individual antimicrobials. Outcome-wise, clinical improvement was seen in 91.3%, 88.5%, and 14.3% of patients receiving beta-lactams, macrolides, and antiprotozoals, respectively. ADRs occurred in 17.7% of participants and gastrointestinal disturbance was the commonly reported ADR. Beta-lactams and macrolides were responsible for the majority of ADRs, in 19.6% and 13.1% of participants, respectively. No association of antimicrobial-associated clinical responses or ADRs was observed with demographics and underlying comorbidities.

Conclusions:
Elderly patients with respiratory tract infections showed improvement with empirical extended-spectrum beta-lactams and azithromycin therapy. The response was suboptimal to empirically selected antiprotozoal therapy. Elderly patients are at increased risk of ADRs. Close to one out of every five elderly prescribed beta-lactams may develop ADR to the antimicrobial agent. Larger clinical studies are required to predict the risk factors of ADRs and poor responsiveness to antimicrobials.
Clinical Profile and Etiological Spectrum of Acute Symptomatic Seizures in the Elderly Populace
Authors: Verma Archana , Kumar Alok , Sachan Divyata 
Published: December 2022

Aim:
The current study aimed to analyze the etiology and the clinical spectrum of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) and the predictors of in-hospital mortality in the elderly population.

Materials and Methods:
We evaluated 94 elderly (≥60 years of age) hospitalized patients with ASS for clinical profile, etiologies, and predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Results:
Mean age of onset of ASS was 67.63 ± 11.48 years. The main seizure type was focal seizure in 62 (59.7%) cases, followed by tonic-clonic seizures in 30 (31.9%) cases. The most common aetiologies in ASS were stroke in 61.7%, followed by infective cause in 30.9% of cases. In-hospital mortality in the ASS in the elderly was 21 (22.3%) in our series, and stroke was the most common cause of mortality.

Conclusion:
Stroke was the most common etiology of ASS in the elderly and was also related to mortality. It is necessary for us to analyze the causes of ASS in the elderly, to reduce in hospital mortality.
A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Direct Composite Laminates using Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Agarwal Abhinav , Lahori Manesh 
Published: December 2022

Background:
In dentistry re-establishing, a lost dental esthetic appearance is one of the most important topics. Advances in modern dental materials provide patients with a choice of natural-looking laminates as esthetic restorations.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate and compare shear bond strength of direct composite laminate veneer using different surface treatments.

Setting and Design:
A total of 60 permanent maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. The extracted teeth were thoroughly cleaned and stored in 3% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature for 24 h and then stored in normal saline.

Materials and Methods:
The facial surfaces of the teeth were prepared to accommodate laminates of equal thickness and were randomly divided into four groups which were allocated to receive different surface treatments. Group A and B included total-etch adhesive system with etching time 15 s and 60 s, respectively, Group C included a self-etch adhesive system with two components and Group D included self-etch adhesive system with single component. After these surface treatments, direct composite laminate veneers were placed on the teeth samples. Later, thermocycling process was carried and final testing was done using universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:
Results were compared with 1-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD test.

Results:
The mean shear bond strength was found to be highest for the total-etch method with 60s etching time followed by etching for 15s and the lowest was found to be of self-etch adhesive comprising of a single component.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that the mean shear bond strength of direct composite laminate veneers using total-etch adhesive system with 60 s etching time was found to be significantly higher compared to other surface treatment methods used in the study.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation on Four Commonly Used Antianemic Plants
Authors: Thumar Mayuri M. , Pethani Trupesh M. , Patel Nirav V. 
Published: December 2022

Background:Many medicinal plants, includingSpinacia oleracea,Withania somnifera,Emblica officinalis, andCaesalpinia bonducella, are helpful in treating anaemia, a malady that kept them in inadvertent isolation.Aim and Objective:The goal of this study is to establish the macro- and micro-morphological standards as well as the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and physicochemical standards for clear distinctions between the chosen plants.Materials and Methods:Macro- and micro-morphological features, quantitative microscopy, soluble extractives, pH, ash values, and phytochemical profiles of leaves ofS.oleraceaandC.bonducella, roots ofW.somnifera, and fruit ofE.officinaliswere determined using standard methods.Results:The leaves ofS.oleraceaandC.bonducellaleaves were smooth, succulent, ovate to triangular or elliptic-oblong, and green in hue. The roots ofW.somniferaare stout, long, woody, tuberous, fleshy, and of a whitish-brown color, and theE.officinalisfruit had a greenish yellow color and was smooth, spherical, or globular in shape. Additional differences in stomata arrangement, epidermal cell, histological features of the leaf's midrib,W.somniferaroot, andE.officinalisfruit, as well as the physicochemical and phytochemical profiles ofS.oleraceaandC.bonducellaleaves,W.somniferaroot, andE.officinalisfruit, provide helpful information for clearly differentiating adulteration.Conclusion:These are important for making sure those manufacturers, regulators, and researchers of herbal products get the right plants.