bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized solar-powered cooling systems for fresh fruit and vegetables to reduce post-harvest losses in developing regions: a review
Authors: Amjad Waseem , Munir Anjum , Akram Fatima , Parmar Aditya , Precoppe Marcelo , Asghar Furqan , Mahmood Faisal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe availability of on-farm storage and processing is a critical challenge facing small farmers, which hinders agricultural productivity. Thirty per cent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest, with the proportion being exceptionally high in low- and middle-income countries due to a lack of on-farm handling and storage facilities. Conventional cold-storage solutions have not taken off at the smallholder level, mainly due to a lack of availability and access to reliable grid electricity. Therefore, off-grid decentralized solar-powered cold-storage units can play a vital role in preserving the produce at production sites and enhancing livelihood and rural development with a minimal carbon footprint. To maintain low temperatures at every step of the agricultural value chain, known as the ‘cold chain’, several technology vendors aim to improve the shelf life and user benefit. Small-scale farmers, which account for two-thirds of all food losses, are another group they focus on. This study examines the existing situation, importance and potential opportunities of decentralized cold-storage systems for fresh fruit and vegetables. In addition to economic, social, technological and environmental limitations, this study examines the triumphs and challenges of incorporating solar-energy-powered cold storage into developing communities. Although the private sector, NGOs and some government agencies are working to promote decentralized cold-storage facilities, relatively little has been done so far to have a significant influence on post-harvest losses and food security. There are still knowledge gaps on decentralized cold-storage facilities. The primary operational constraint is the economic situation of end users and the lack of financing alternatives for smallholder farmers.
Design and optimization of CSP power plants for Pakistan: a comparative study
Authors: Liaqat Kashif , Ordonez Juan C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite having very high solar irradiance, Pakistan still does not have any installed concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. Several studies have shown that multiple locations within the country are suitable for CSP plants, but there is limited availability of comprehensive comparative studies. Therefore, this article presents a comparative analysis of different CSP technologies in Pakistan, focusing on their potential to address the country’s energy crisis. The study evaluates the pros and cons of different CSP technologies at various locations through site assessment, modelling, optimization and economic analysis using the System Advisor Model. Quetta and Nawabshah were selected as the locations for modelling multiple scenarios of 100-MW plants, using central receiver systems, parabolic trough collectors and linear Fresnel reflectors. The plants were integrated with thermal energy storage and the storage capacity was optimized using parametric analysis. The results showed that a central receiver system for the location of Quetta was the most favourable option, with an annual energy yield of 622 GWh at 7.44 cents/kWh, followed by a central receiver system for Nawabshah (608 GWh, 9.03 cents/kWh). This study is the first to show that switching between line-concentrated and point-concentrated CSP technologies can open new opportunities for sites in Pakistan with relatively high solar resources, resulting in a 21.3% reduction in the levelized cost.
Usefulness of Serum Leucine-rich Alpha 2 Glycoprotein in Crohn’s Disease: Is There Any Difference between Small Intestine and Colonic Lesions?
Authors: Matsumoto Satohiro , Mashima Hirosato 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe usefulness of leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoprotein (LRG) to evaluate Crohn’s disease (CD) activity differs among various intestinal lesions. We aimed to evaluate the association between endoscopic disease activity based on the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) and LRG level separately for small intestinal and colonic lesions.MethodsWe examined the correlation between LRG level and SES-CD and performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the LRG cutoff value in 141 patients who underwent endoscopy (total 235 measurements). Furthermore, the LRG cutoff value was analyzed by comparing small intestinal and colonic lesions.ResultsLRG levels were significantly higher in patients without mucosal healing than in those with mucosal healing (15.9 μg/mL vs 10.5 μg/mL, P &lt; .0001). The LRG cutoff value for mucosal healing was 14.3 μg/mL (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.80; sensitivity: 0.89; specificity: 0.63). The LRG cutoff value for patients with type L1 was 14.3 μg/mL (sensitivity: 0.91; specificity: 0.53), and that for patients with type L2 was 14.0 μg/mL (sensitivity: 0.95; specificity: 0.73). The diagnostic performance (AUC) of LRG and C-reactive protein (CRP) for mucosal healing was, respectively, 0.75 and 0.60 (P = 0.01) in patients with type L1 and 0.80 and 0.85 (P = 0.90) in patients with type L2.ConclusionsThe optimal LRG cutoff value for evaluating mucosal healing in CD is 14.3 μg/mL. LRG is more useful than CRP for predicting mucosal healing in patients with type L1. The superiority of LRG to CRP differs between small intestinal and colonic lesions.
Septal radioablation therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: first-in-human study
Authors: Li Xuping , Zhu Zhaowei , Liu Jun , Gao Yawen , Xiao Yichao , Fang Zhenfei , Liu Qiming , Liu Xianling , Hu Chunhong , Ma Fang , Zeng Mu , Liu Zhi , Hu Lin , Liu Na , Xiang Fan , Hu Xinqun , Huang Lihong , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
There is still no non-invasive septal reduction therapy for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with drug-refractory symptomatic HOCM.

Methods and results
The radiation target of ventricular septum was determined by multiple anatomical imaging. Stereotactic body radiotherapy was performed with standard techniques. Patients were treated with a single fraction of 25 Gy, followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months by clinical visit. Five patients were enrolled and completed the 12 months follow-up. The mean radioablation time was 21.6 min, and the mean target volume was 10.5 cm3. All five patients survived and showed improvements in symptoms after SBRT. At 12 months post-SBRT, the echocardiography-derived left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased from 88 mmHg (range, 63–105) to 52 mmHg (range, 36–66) at rest and from 101 mmHg (range, 72–121) to 74 mmHg (range, 65–100) after Valsalva. The end-diastolic thickness of the targeted septum reduced from 23.7 mm (range, 20.3–29) to 22.4 mm (range, 19.7–26.5); 6 min walking distance increased from 190.4 m (range, 50–370) to 412.0 m (range, 320–480). All patients presented with new fibrosis in the irradiated septum area. No radiation-related complications were observed during SBRT and up to 12 months post procedure.

Conclusion
The current study suggests that SBRT might be a feasible radioablation therapeutic option for patients with drug-refractory symptomatic HOCM.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04686487
Comparative analysis of machine learning vs. traditional modeling approaches for predicting in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery: temporal and spatial external validation based on a nationwide cardiac surgery registry
Authors: Zeng Juntong , Zhang Danwei , Lin Shen , Su Xiaoting , Wang Peng , Zhao Yan , Zheng Zhe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Preoperative risk assessment is crucial for cardiac surgery. Although previous studies suggested machine learning (ML) may improve in-hospital mortality predictions after cardiac surgery compared to traditional modeling approaches, the validity is doubted due to lacking external validation, limited sample sizes, and inadequate modeling considerations. We aimed to assess predictive performance between ML and traditional modelling approaches, while addressing these major limitations.

Methods and results
Adult cardiac surgery cases (n = 168 565) between 2013 and 2018 in the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry were used to develop, validate, and compare various ML vs. logistic regression (LR) models. The dataset was split for temporal (2013–2017 for training, 2018 for testing) and spatial (geographically-stratified random selection of 83 centers for training, 22 for testing) experiments, respectively. Model performances were evaluated in testing sets for discrimination and calibration. The overall in-hospital mortality was 1.9%. In the temporal testing set (n = 32 184), the best-performing ML model demonstrated a similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.797 (95% CI 0.779–0.815) to the LR model (AUC 0.791 [95% CI 0.775–0.808]; P = 0.12). In the spatial experiment (n = 28 323), the best ML model showed a statistically better but modest performance improvement (AUC 0.732 [95% CI 0.710–0.754]) than LR (AUC 0.713 [95% CI 0.691–0.737]; P = 0.002). Varying feature selection methods had relatively smaller effects on ML models. Most ML and LR models were significantly miscalibrated.

Conclusion
ML provided only marginal improvements over traditional modelling approaches in predicting cardiac surgery mortality with routine preoperative variables, which calls for more judicious use of ML in practice.
Heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and dapagliflozin: a patient-level meta-analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER
Authors: Butt Jawad H , Kondo Toru , Yang Mingming , Jhund Pardeep S , Docherty Kieran F , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L , Hernandez Adrian F , Lam Carolyn S P , Inzucchi Silvio E , Martinez Felipe A , de Boer Rudolf A , Kosiborod Mikhail N , Desai Akshay S , Køber Lars , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S , Shah Sanjiv J , Zaozerska Natalia , Wilderäng Ulrica , Bengtsson Olof , Solomon Scott D , McMurray John J V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Because an increased risk of amputation with canagliflozin was reported in the CANVAS trials, there has been a concern about the safety of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who are at higher risk of amputation.

Methods and results
A patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced, mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction, respectively, was conducted. In both trials, the primary outcome was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death, and amputation was a prespecified safety outcome. Peripheral artery disease history was available for 11 005 of the total 11 007 patients. Peripheral artery disease was reported in 809 of the 11 005 patients (7.4%). Median follow-up was 22 months (interquartile range 17–30). The rate of the primary outcome (per 100 person-years) was higher in PAD patients than that in non-PAD patients: 15.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.1–17.3) vs. 10.6 (10.2–11.1]; adjusted hazard ratio 1.23 (95% CI 1.06–1.43). The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in patients with [hazard ratio 0.71 (95% CI 0.54–0.94)] and without PAD [0.80 (95% CI 0.73–0.88)] (Pinteraction = 0.39). Amputations, while more frequent in PAD patients, were not more common with dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, irrespective of PAD status (PAD, placebo 4.2% vs. dapagliflozin 3.7%; no PAD, placebo 0.4% vs. dapagliflozin 0.4%) (Pinteraction = 1.00). Infection rather than ischaemia was the main trigger for amputation, even in patients with PAD.

Conclusion
The risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death was higher in patients with PAD, as was the risk of amputation. The benefits of dapagliflozin were consistent in patients with and without PAD, and dapagliflozin did not increase the risk of amputation.
Dapagliflozin and diuretic utilization in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: the DELIVER trial
Authors: Chatur Safia , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian , Vardeny Orly , Desai Akshay S , Jhund Pardeep S , de Boer Rudolf A , Lam Carolyn S P , Kosiborod Mikhail N , Shah Sanjiv J , Martinez Felipe , Inzucchi Silvio E , Hernandez Adrian F , Haddad Tariq , Mitter Sumeet S , Miao Zi Michael , Petersson Magnus , Maria Langkilde Anna , McMurray John J V , Solomon Scott D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Dapagliflozin reduced the combined risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death among patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. In this study, the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin according to background diuretic therapy and the influence of dapagliflozin on longitudinal diuretic use were evaluated.

Methods and results
In this pre-specified analysis of the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial, the effects of dapagliflozin vs. placebo were assessed in the following subgroups: no diuretic, non-loop diuretic, and loop diuretic furosemide equivalent doses of &lt;40, 40, and &gt;40 mg, respectively. Of the 6263 randomized patients, 683 (10.9%) were on no diuretic, 769 (12.3%) were on a non-loop diuretic, and 4811 (76.8%) were on a loop diuretic at baseline. Treatment benefits of dapagliflozin on the primary composite outcome were consistent by diuretic use categories (P interaction = 0.64) or loop diuretic dose (P interaction = 0.57). Serious adverse events were similar between dapagliflozin and placebo arms, irrespective of diuretic use or dosing. Dapagliflozin reduced new initiation of loop diuretics by 32% [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.84, P &lt; 0.001] but did not influence discontinuations/disruptions (HR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.86–1.13, P = 0.83) in follow-up. First sustained loop diuretic dose increases were less frequent, and sustained dose decreases were more frequent in patients treated with dapagliflozin: net difference of −6.5% (95% CI: −9.4 to −3.6; P &lt; 0.001). The mean dose of loop diuretic increased over time in the placebo arm, a longitudinal increase that was significantly attenuated with treatment with dapagliflozin (placebo-corrected treatment effect of −2.5 mg/year; 95% CI: −1.5, −3.7, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, the clinical benefits of dapagliflozin relative to placebo were consistent across a wide range of diuretic categories and doses with a similar safety profile. Treatment with dapagliflozin significantly reduced new loop diuretic requirement over time.
CoVEffect: interactive system for mining the effects of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants based on deep learning
Authors: Serna García Giuseppe , Al Khalaf Ruba , Invernici Francesco , Ceri Stefano , Bernasconi Anna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Literature about SARS-CoV-2 widely discusses the effects of variations that have spread in the past 3 years. Such information is dispersed in the texts of several research articles, hindering the possibility of practically integrating it with related datasets (e.g., millions of SARS-CoV-2 sequences available to the community). We aim to fill this gap, by mining literature abstracts to extract—for each variant/mutation—its related effects (in epidemiological, immunological, clinical, or viral kinetics terms) with labeled higher/lower levels in relation to the nonmutated virus.

Results
The proposed framework comprises (i) the provisioning of abstracts from a COVID-19–related big data corpus (CORD-19) and (ii) the identification of mutation/variant effects in abstracts using a GPT2-based prediction model. The above techniques enable the prediction of mutations/variants with their effects and levels in 2 distinct scenarios: (i) the batch annotation of the most relevant CORD-19 abstracts and (ii) the on-demand annotation of any user-selected CORD-19 abstract through the CoVEffect web application (http://gmql.eu/coveffect), which assists expert users with semiautomated data labeling. On the interface, users can inspect the predictions and correct them; user inputs can then extend the training dataset used by the prediction model. Our prototype model was trained through a carefully designed process, using a minimal and highly diversified pool of samples.

Conclusions
The CoVEffect interface serves for the assisted annotation of abstracts, allowing the download of curated datasets for further use in data integration or analysis pipelines. The overall framework can be adapted to resolve similar unstructured-to-structured text translation tasks, which are typical of biomedical domains.
Geodetic constraints of the 2015Mw6.5 Alor, East Indonesia earthquake: a strike-slip faulting in the convergent boundary
Authors: Xu Guangyu , Wen Yangmao , Yi Yaning , Guo Zelong , Wang Leyang , Xu Caijun 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYOn 2015 November 4, an Mw 6.5 earthquake struck the east region of Alor Island, eastern Indonesia. Here, we use Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 data to explore the coseismic surface displacement of this earthquake. Based on the ALOS-2 coseismic interferograms, the first fault model and coseismic slip distribution of the 2015 Alor earthquake are presented in this study. The preferred slip model links to a blind south-southeast striking, south-southwest dipping strike-slip fault with amount of normal slip component and a peak slip of 2.09 m at 2.34 km of depth. Considering the fact that the ascending and descending InSAR prediction of the distributed slip model does not fit the InSAR observations at the northwest and southeast tips with the simple planar fault model. We tried to construct a strike-variable fault model to further improve data fit. The results of the calculated Coulomb stress change imply that the regions with positive CFS changes mainly located at the northwest and southeast extremities of the rupture of the Alor earthquake, and in the lobes north and south of the rupture. The most striking discovery from the InSAR observations of the Alor earthquake is that most of the displacements occurred on a fault whose existence was unknown before the earthquake.
Thermo-poro-viscoelastic response of a disc-shaped inclusion
Authors: Nespoli Massimo , Belardinelli Maria Elina , Bonafede Maurizio 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
The study of deformation sources in volcanic and geothermal fields is a topic of great importance that generates a large debate in the scientific literature. A correct interpretation of the deformation sources acting in a volcanic context is crucial to distinguish between the mechanical effects due to the tectonic of the area, the intrusion of new magma and/or the mechanical response of rocks to temperature or pore pressure changes. In the recent literature, thermo-poro-elastic (TPE) inclusions were proposed as possible deformation sources that can explain seismicity and displacements even in absence of the emplacement of new magma. In fact, TPE inclusions allow us to compute the mechanical effects due to temperature and pore-pressure changes brought by the arrival of hot and pressurized fluids permeating a closed volume. In the present work, we improve the modellization of such deformation sources to include the effects of viscoelasticity, which should be expected in high temperature and fluid saturated rocks due to thermally activated and pressure-solution creep. The analytical thermo-poro-viscoelastic (TPVE) solutions for a disc-shaped inclusion embedded in a uniform viscoelastic medium are obtained through the correspondence principle. Our results can be useful to represent transient effects of both deformation and stress fields that can occur in both volcanic and geothermal areas, which would be difficult to explain otherwise. In fact, TPE inclusion models predict that an increase of uplift occurs simultaneously with an increase of stress, and vice versa. Instead, we shall see that a TPVE inclusion can provide an increase of uplift even in presence of a strongly decreasing deviatoric stress. For this reason, a TPVE inclusion can be suitable to represent a decrease in seismicity rate accompanied by an increase in surface uplift, as observed, for example, during the ’82–’84 unrest phase of Campi Flegrei in Italy.
SIMPLACE—a versatile modelling and simulation framework for sustainable crops and agroecosystems
Authors: Enders Andreas , Vianna Murilo , Gaiser Thomas , Krauss Gunther , Webber Heidi , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Seidel Sabine Julia , Tewes Andreas , Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Ewert Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAgricultural system analysis has considerably evolved over the last years, allowing scientists to quantify complex interactions in crops and agroecosystems. Computer-based models have become a central tool for such analysis, using formulated mathematical representations (algorithms) of different biophysical processes to simulate complex system’s behaviour. Nevertheless, the current large variety of algorithms in combination with nonstandardization in their use limits rapid and rigorous model improvement and testing. This is particularly important because contextualization is a key aspect used to formulate the appropriate model structure for a specific research question, framing a clear demand for ‘next generation’ models being modular and flexible. This paper aims to describe the Scientific Impact assessment and Modelling PLatform for Advanced Crop and Ecosystem management (SIMPLACE), which has been developed over the last decade to address the various aforementioned issues and support appropriate model formulations and interoperability. We describe its main technical implementation and features to develop customized model solutions that can be applied to a number of cropping systems with high flexibility, performance and transparency. A brief review of exemplary applications of SIMPLACE is provided covering the different topics, crops and cropping systems, spatial scales and geographies. We stress that standardized documentation of modules, variables ontology and data archives are key requirements to maintain and assist model development and reproducibility. The increasing demand for more complex, diversified and integrated production systems (e.g. intercropping, livestock-grazing, agroforestry) and the associated impacts on sustainable food systems also require the strong collaboration of a multidisciplinary community of modellers and stakeholders.