bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised, placebo‐controlled trial and meta‐analysis show benefit of ondansetron for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea: The TRITON trial
Authors: Gunn David , Topan Rabia , Barnard Lorna , Fried Ron , Holloway Ivana , Brindle Richard , Corsetti Maura , Scott Mark , Farmer Adam , Kapur Kapil , Sanders David , Eugenicos Maria , Trudgill Nigel , Whorwell Peter , Mclaughlin John , Akbar Ayesha , Houghton Lesley , Dinning Phil G. , Aziz Qasim , Ford Alexander C. , Farrin Amanda J. , Spiller Robin 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundOndansetron may be beneficial in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‐D).AimTo conduct a 12‐week parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of ondansetron 4 mg o.d. (titrated up to 8 mg t.d.s.) in 400 IBS‐D patients. Primary endpoint: % responders using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) composite endpoint. Secondary and mechanistic endpoints included stool consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale) and whole gut transit time (WGTT). After literature review, results were pooled with other placebo‐controlled trials in a meta‐analysis to estimate relative risks (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and number needed to treat (NNT).ResultsEighty patients were randomised. On intention‐to‐treat analysis, 15/37 (40.5%; 95% CI 24.7%–56.4%) met the primary endpoint on ondansetron versus 12/43 (27.9%; 95% CI 14.5%–41.3%) on placebo (p = 0.19). Ondansetron improved stool consistency compared with placebo (adjusted mean difference − 0.7; 95% CI −1.0 to−0.3, p < 0.001). Ondansetron increased WGTT between baseline and week 12 (mean (SD) difference 3.8 (9.1) hours, versus placebo −2.2 (10.3) hours, p = 0.01). Meta‐analysis of 327 patients from this, and two similar trials, demonstrated ondansetron was superior to placebo for the FDA composite endpoint (RR of symptoms not responding = 0.86; 95% CI 0.75–0.98, NNT = 9) and stool response (RR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.52–0.82, NNT = 5), but not abdominal pain response (RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.74–1.20).ConclusionsAlthough small numbers meant the primary endpoint was not met in this trial, when pooled with other similar trials meta‐analysis suggests ondansetron improves stool consistency and reduces days with loose stool and urgency.Trial registration – http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17508514
Effects of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, and nutrient digestibility under low‐ and high‐concentrate diets
Authors: Luan Jiaming , Feng Xin , Yang Dongxu , Yang Meng , Zhou Jinying , Geng Chunyin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages and types of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on rumen fermentation in vitro under low‐ and high‐concentrate diets. For this purpose, two in vitro experiments (Exp.) were conducted. In Exp. 1, the concentrate–roughage ratio of the fermentation substrate [total mixed rations (TMR), dry matter (DM) basis] was 30:70 (low‐concentrate diet), while in Exp. 2, it was 70:30 (high‐concentrate diet). Three types of MCFAs with octanoic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), and lauric acid (C12) were added accounting for 1.5%, 6%, 9%, and 15% of the in vitro fermentation substrate weight (200 mg or 1 g, DM basis) based on control group, respectively. The results showed that the addition of MCFAs all could significantly reduce methane (CH4) production and the number of rumen protozoa, methanogens, and methanobrevibacter under the two diets with the dosages increased (p < 0.05). In addition, MCFAs had a certain degree of improvement on rumen fermentation and influenced in vitro digestibility under low‐ and high‐concentrate diets, and their effects were related to the dosages and types of MCFAs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of types and dosages of MCFAs in ruminants production.
The phenomenon of decision oscillation: A new consequence of pathology in game trees
Authors: Levene Mark , Fenner Trevor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRandom minimaxing studies the consequences of using a random number for scoring the leaf nodes of a full width game tree and then computing the best move using the standard minimax procedure. Experiments in Chess showed that the strength of play increases as the depth of the lookahead is increased. Previous research by the authors provided a partial explanation of why random minimaxing can strengthen play by showing that, when one move dominates another move, then the dominating move is more likely to be chosen by minimax. This paper examines a special case of determining the move probability when domination does not occur. Specifically, we show that, under a uniform branching game tree model, whether the probability that one move is chosen rather than another depends not only on the branching factors of the moves involved, but also on whether the number of ply searched is odd or even. This is a new type of game tree pathology, where the minimax procedure will change its mind as to which move is best, independently of the true value of the game, and oscillate between moves as the depth of lookahead alternates between odd and even.
The effect of child allowances on female labour supply: evidence from Israel
Authors: Mazar Yuval , Reingewertz Yaniv 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study estimates the effect of the sharp reduction in Israel's child allowances in the early 2000s on female labour supply. The study uses the difference‐in‐differences method to estimate changes in the labour supply of Israeli women with more children (four or five) compared to changes in the labour supply of women with fewer children (two or three). The results show an increase of approximately 3.1 percentage points (4.4%) in the labour supply of women with four or five children, relative to that of women with two or three children. These numbers translate to an income elasticity of labour supply in the range −0.50 to −0.81. Finally, we document the heterogeneity of these effects and provide several tests of their validity.
Shame and shamelessness in Oskar Roehler'sDie Unberührbare
Authors: Gallagher Kaleen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article makes the case that the life of Hanna Flanders, the protagonist of Oskar Roehler's filmDie Unberührbare(2000), is marked by a dialectic of shame and shamelessness that persists even into her death by suicide and indeed beyond it. Roehler based the film on the life of his mother, the writer Gisela Elsner, and he highlights the centrality of shame and shamelessness to his own enterprise—which could invite shame by publicizing the suicide of a family member but also risks shamelessly exploiting her death for financial gain—first, by maintaining a high level of ambiguity about how much of the film is true, and second, through an aesthetic approach that evokes both shame and shamelessness through a play of intimacy and distance. In doing so, he draws attention to the fact that the dialectic that characterizes his protagonist's life also shapes his film.
Pricing contingent convertibles with idiosyncratic risk
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Yang Zhaojun , Zeng Pingping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider capital structure including equity, straight bonds (SBs), and contingent convertibles (CoCos) for nonfinancial firms. We price equity and CoCos by a utility‐based method. We show that benefits from issuing CoCos increase dramatically with idiosyncratic risk and risk aversion. The firm value is concave in CoCos' conversion ratio and the optimal conversion ratio increases with risk aversion and idiosyncratic risk. If risk aversion is sufficiently high, shareholders' risk‐shifting incentives disappear, and the firm issues less CoCos and equity and more SBs as idiosyncratic risk rises. The higher the idiosyncratic risk or risk aversion, the higher the leverage.
The value of informal learning within work‐based learning: The economic benefits of WBL
Authors: Plasman Jay , Thompson Caleb 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent updates to federal policy governing career and technical education (CTE) in the United States have emphasised the need to include work‐based learning (WBL) experiences as central components of CTE programming. Many of these experiences showcase an informal learning component which has strong ties to early career success as suggested by the Human Capital Theory. This study explores the following questions: What is the relationship between WBL and early career income? Are there differential relationships based on the type of WBL experience? The Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS) includes nationally representative data for student participation in WBL and early career income. We used school‐fixed effects and propensity score matching techniques to respond to our questions regarding the potential relationship between WBL participation and early career income. We found that students who participated in at least one WBL experience in high school could expect to have an average 7% higher income compared to non‐WBL participants. With respect to specific WBL experiences, job shadowing, community service, and mentoring had the largest positive relationship to higher early career income. Findings from this study indicate that participation in WBL experiences can have a positive impact on a high school graduate's college and career readiness as measured through early career income. Given the differential relationships observed for different types of WBL, schools, policymakers, and students should explore WBL options that best align with their personal goals.
The effects of forest bathing on psychological well‐being: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind , Goh Yong Shian , Lee Jungup , Poon Sum Nok , Ow Yong Jenna Qing Yun , Tam Wai‐San Wilson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobally, around half (55%) of the population live in fast‐paced urban settings where many people find it challenging to manage their stress and respond to crises with a positive mindset. This resulted in prolonged distress where anxiety and fatigue caused physical and mental health concerns. Nature walks involving immersive exposure in the forest, and green spaces have been posited to offer physiological and psychological benefits. Therefore, in this systematic review, we evaluated the effects of forest bathing on psychological and physiological outcomes. We searched four English and five non‐English databases (Chinese and Korean) for peer‐reviewed studies published between January 2000 and March 2021. This review adhered to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis Statement 2020. The primary outcomes explored in this review were mainly psychological, including anxiety, depression, mood and quality of life. The secondary outcomes were physiological outcomes such as blood pressure and heart rate. We conducted a meta‐analysis on each outcome using the random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Thirty‐six articles (21 in English, 3 in Chinese and 12 in Korean) with 3554 participants were included in this review. Our meta‐analysis suggested that forest bathing can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, we did not observe as many benefits in physiological outcomes. Against the background of the negative effects of urbanization on mental well‐being, this review highlighted the potential therapeutic role of forests in the contemporary world, lending further evidence‐based support for forest conservation.
Prevalence and prognosis of atrial fibrillation in a hypertensive population: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Chang , Du Zhi , Ye Ning , Liu Songyue , Geng Danxi , Sun Yingxian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdentifying risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) and evaluating their impact are essential to avoid the occurrence of adverse events. However, few studies to date have explored the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of AF in hypertensive patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of AF in a hypertensive population and determine the relationship between AF and all‐cause mortality. At baseline, a total of 8541 Chinese patients with hypertension were enrolled from the Northeast Rural Cardiovascular Health Study. A logistic regression model was established to assess the relationship between blood pressure and AF, and Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis and multivariate Cox regression were used to explore the relationship between AF and all‐cause mortality. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses illustrated the robustness of results. This study found that the overall prevalence rate of AF was 1.4% in its Chinese hypertensive population. After adjusting for the confounding factors, every standard deviation increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was associated with a 37% increase in the prevalence of AF (95% confidence interval: 1.152–1.627, p < .001). Compared to hypertensive patients without AF, those with AF had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.866, 95% confidence interval: 1.117–3.115, p = .017) in the adjusted model. The results show that the burden of AF is quite large in rural‐dwelling Chinese hypertensive patients. Focusing on the control of DBP to prevent the occurrence of AF can be helpful. Meanwhile, AF increases risk of all‐cause mortality in hypertensive patients. Our results indicated a huge burden of AF. Considering that most of the risk factors of AF were unmodifiable in hypertensive individuals and given their high risk of mortality, long‐term interventions, including AF education, timely screening, and widespread use of anticoagulant drugs, should be emphasized in hypertensive populations.
Periodontitis and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A longitudinal study of an adult Japanese cohort
Authors: Saito Mizuki , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Yoshii Saori , Takeyama Hideo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between periodontitis as an independent effect of smoking and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Japanese people based on longitudinal data.Materials and MethodsWe targeted 4745 people who underwent pulmonary function tests and dental check‐ups at baseline and 8 years later. The Community Periodontal Index was used to assess periodontal status. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the relationship between the incidence of COPD and periodontitis and smoking. To clarify the interaction between smoking and periodontitis, interaction analysis was performed.ResultsIn a multivariable analysis, both periodontitis and heavy smoking had significant effects on COPD development. When periodontitis was analysed as a continuous value (number of sextants with periodontitis) and as a category (presence or absence of periodontitis) in the multivariable analyses after adjusting for smoking, pulmonary function and other variables, periodontitis had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of COPD; the HRs were 1.09 (1.01–1.17) and 1.48 (1.09–2.02), respectively. Interaction analysis showed no significant interaction between heavy smoking and periodontitis on COPD.ConclusionsThese results suggest that periodontitis has no interaction with smoking but has an independent effect on developing COPD.
Association between oral hygiene and gingival abrasion in a rural population in southern Brazil: A multilevel secondary analysis
Authors: Santi Samantha Simoni , Oliveira Leandro Machado , Casarin Maísa , Susin Cristiano , Moreira Carlos Heitor Cunha , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate associations between oral hygiene and gingival abrasion (GA) in a rural population from southern Brazil.Materials and MethodsA population‐based sample representative of individuals from a rural community in southern Brazil was included. Individuals aged 15 years or older and who had five teeth or more present were selected for this analysis. GA extent was defined as the total number of abrasions per individual. An adjusted multilevel negative binomial regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between site‐, tooth‐ and individual‐level variables and GA. Mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsFive hundred ninety‐five dentate individuals aged 15–82 years were analysed. In the adjusted models, brushing more than twice a day (MR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.02–1.26) and brushing with a hard/medium‐bristle toothbrush (MR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.01–1.23) were significantly associated with more generalized GA.ConclusionsThe extent of GA was independently associated with greater brushing frequency and the use of a toothbrush with harder bristles in residents of a rural area.
Zinc‐finger protein GmZF351 improves both salt and drought stress tolerance in soybean
Authors: Wei Wei , Lu Long , Bian Xiao‐Hua , Li Qing‐Tian , Han Jia‐Qi , Tao Jian‐Jun , Yin Cui‐Cui , Lai Yong‐Cai , Li Wei , Bi Ying‐Dong , Man Wei‐Qun , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song , Zhang Wan‐Ke 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAbiotic stress is one of the most important factors reducing soybean yield. It is essential to identify regulatory factors contributing to stress responses. A previous study found that the tandem CCCH zinc‐finger protein GmZF351 is an oil level regulator. In this study, we discovered that the GmZF351 gene is induced by stress and that the overexpression of GmZF351 confers stress tolerance to transgenic soybean. GmZF351 directly regulates the expression of GmCIPK9 and GmSnRK, leading to stomata closing, by binding to their promoter regions, which carry two CT(G/C)(T/A)AA elements. Stress induction of GmZF351 is mediated through reduction in the H3K27me3 level at the GmZF351 locus. Two JMJ30‐demethylase‐like genes, GmJMJ30‐1 and GmJMJ30‐2, are involved in this demethylation process. Overexpression of GmJMJ30‐1/2 in transgenic hairy roots enhances GmZF351 expression mediated by histone demethylation and confers stress tolerance to soybean. Yield‐related agronomic traits were evaluated in stable GmZF351‐transgenic plants under mild drought stress conditions. Our study reveals a new mode of GmJMJ30‐GmZF351 action in stress tolerance, in addition to that of GmZF351 in oil accumulation. Manipulation of the components in this pathway is expected to improve soybean traits and adaptation under unfavorable environments.
The correlation between ABO blood types and acne vulgaris severity
Authors: Gürok Neşe Göçer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Studies on the pathogenesis of acne are still important. Recently, various studies have been conducted on the significance of genetics in the pathogenesis of acne. Blood group is transferred genetically and could affect the development, progress, and severity of certain diseases.AimIn the current study, the correlation between the severity of acne vulgaris and ABO blood groups was investigated.Materials and MethodsA total of 380 patients (263 mild and 117 severe acne vulgaris patients) and 1000 healthy individuals were included in the study. Severity of acne vulgaris patients and healthy controls was determined based on the blood group and Rh factor data obtained retrospectively from the patient files in the hospital automation system.ResultsIn the study, the rate of females was significantly higher in the acne vulgaris group (X2:154.908; p:0.000). The mean age of the patient was significantly lower when compared to the controls (t:37.127; p:0.0001). The mean age of the patients with severe acne was significantly lower when compared to those with mild acne. When compared to the control group, the incidence of severe acne was higher in those A blood type when compared to the patients with mild acne, while the incidence of mild acne was higher in other blood groups when compared to the control (X2:17.756; p:0.007). No significant difference was determined between the Rh blood groups of the patients with mild, severe acne and the control group (X2:0.812; p:0.666).ConclusionThe results revealed a significant correlation between acne severity and ABO blood groups. Future studies that would be conducted with larger samples in different centers could confirm the current study findings.
The Role of Wellness Teams in Promoting Health and Wellness Implementation Strategies in Elementary Schools in Chicago
Authors: Jarpe‐Ratner Elizabeth , Cleary Mary , Chriqui Jamie F. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundStrategies used by wellness teams (WTs) to foster local wellness policy (LWP) implementation have been documented, yet there remains a need to better understand how WTs respond to district‐level LWP requirements, particularly when bundled with additional health‐related policies. This study's goal was to explore how WTs implement Healthy Chicago Public School (CPS), a district‐led initiative focused on both LWP and other health policy implementation in the CPS district, one of the most diverse in the nation.MethodsEleven discussion groups were conducted with WTs in CPS. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded.ResultsSix overarching strategies used by WTs in working to achieve Healthy CPS include: (1) using district guides and resources to support planning, progress monitoring, and reporting; (2) under the leadership of wellness champions, as required by the district, facilitating engagement among staff, students, and/or families; (3) taking district guidance and adapting and integrating it into their schools' existing structures, curricula, and practices, often taking a holistic approach; (4) fostering linkages in the communities surrounding their schools to supplement internal school capacities; and (5) stewarding resources, time, and staff for sustainability.ImplicationsStrategies for LWP implementation by WTs in urban and diverse schools include planning for staff turnover, integrating health and wellness into existing curricula and structures, and leveraging relationships with the local community.ConclusionWTs can play a critical role in supporting schools in diverse, urban districts to implement district‐level LWP and the plethora of related policies that schools are subject to at the federal, state, and district levels.
Gambierdiscus (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) diversity in Vietnamese waters with description of G. vietnamensis sp. nov.
Authors: Nguyen‐Ngoc Lam , Larsen Jacob , Doan‐Nhu Hai , Nguyen Xuan‐Vy , Chomérat Nicolas , Lundholm Nina , Phan‐Tan Luom , Dao Ha Viet , Nguyen Ngoc‐Lan , Nguyen Huy‐Hoang , Van Chu Thuoc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractViet Nam has a coastline of 3200 km with thousands of islands providing diverse habitats for benthic harmful algal species including species of Gambierdiscus. Some of these species produce ciguatera toxins, which may accumulate in large carnivore fish potentially posing major threats to public health. This study reports five species of Gambierdiscus from Vietnamese waters, notably G. australes, G. caribaeus, G. carpenteri, G. pacificus, and G. vietnamensis sp. nov. All species are identified morphologically by LM and SEM, and identifications are supported by molecular analyses of nuclear rDNA (D1–D3 and D8–D10 domains of LSU, SSU, and ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 region) based on cultured material collected during 2010–2021. Statistical analyses of morphometric measurements may be used to differentiate some species if a sufficiently large number of cells are examined. Gambierdiscus vietnamensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to other strongly reticulated species, such as G. belizeanus and possibly G. pacificus; the latter species is morphologically indistinguishable from G. vietnamensis sp. nov., but they are genetically distinct, and molecular analysis is deemed necessary for proper identification of the new species. This study also revealed that strains denoted G. pacificus from Hainan Island (China) should be included in G. vietnamensis sp. nov.