bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant extracellular self-DNA inhibits growth and induces immunity via the jasmonate signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Xingang , Gao Huan , Zhang Xianhong , Khashi u Rahman Muhammad , Mazzoleni Stefano , Du Minmin , Wu Fengzhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to detect various forms of danger. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules that are released from damaged cells and activate the innate immunity. Recent evidence suggests that plant extracellular self-DNA (esDNA) can serve as a DAMP molecule. However, the mechanisms by which esDNA functions are largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed that esDNA inhibits root growth and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a concentration- and species-specific manner in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Furthermore, by combining RNA sequencing, hormone measurement, and genetic analysis, we found that esDNA-mediated growth inhibition and ROS production are achieved through the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Specifically, esDNA induces JA production and the expression of JA-responsive genes. The esDNA-mediated growth inhibition, ROS production, and gene expression are impaired in the JA-related mutants. Finally, we found that the JA signaling pathway is required for the esDNA-elicited resistance against the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. This finding highlights the importance of JA signaling in esDNA-mediated biological effects, thereby providing insight into how esDNA functions as a DAMP.
Actin cytoskeleton in the control of vesicle transport, cytoplasmic organization, and pollen tube tip growth
Authors: Zhang Ruihui , Xu Yanan , Yi Ran , Shen Jiangfeng , Huang Shanjin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic streaming, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasm organization in pollen tubes. In this update review, we describe the progress in understanding the organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the function of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization in pollen tubes. We also discuss the interplay between ion gradients and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates the spatial arrangement and dynamics of actin filaments and the organization of the cytoplasm in pollen tubes. Finally, we describe several signaling components that regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes.
Sleep deprivation in obesogenic setting alters lipidome and microbiome toward suboptimal inflammation in acute heart failure
Authors: Halade Ganesh V. , Mat Yusuf , Gowda Siddabasave Gowda B. , Jain Shalini , Hui Shu‐Ping , Yadav Hariom , Kain Vasundhara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSleep is a fundamental medicine for cardiac homeostasis, and sleep‐deprived individuals are prone to higher incidences of heart attack. The lipid‐dense diet (obesogenic diet‐OBD) is a cumulative risk factor for chronic inflammation in cardiovascular disease; thus, understanding how sleep fragmentation (SF) in an obesity setting impacts immune and cardiac health is an unmet medical need. We hypothesized whether the co‐existence of SF with OBD dysregulates gut homeostasis and leukocyte‐derived reparative/resolution mediators, thereby impairing cardiac repair. Two‐month‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized first into two groups, then four groups; Control, control + SF, OBD, and OBD + SF mice subjected to myocardial infarction (MI). OBD mice had higher levels of plasma linolenic acid with a decrease in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. The OBD mice had lower Lactobacillus johnsonii indicating a loss of probiotic microbiota. SF in OBD mice increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio indicative of a detrimental change in SF‐directed microbiome. OBD + SF group increased in the neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio suggestive of suboptimal inflammation. As a result of SF, resolution mediators (RvD2, RvD3, RvD5, LXA4, PD1, and MaR1) decreased and inflammatory mediators (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a, 6k‐PGF1a) were increased in OBD mice post‐MI. At the site of infarction, the proinflammatory cytokines Ccl2, IL1β, and IL‐6 were amplified in OBD + SF indicating a robust proinflammatory milieu post‐MI. Also, brain circadian genes (Bmal1, Clock) were downregulated in SF‐subjected control mice, but remained elevated in OBD mice post‐MI. SF superimposed on obesity dysregulated physiological inflammation and disrupted resolving response thereby impaired cardiac repair and signs of pathological inflammation.
Emotional states affect walking performance
Authors: Homagain Abhishesh , Ehgoetz Martens Kaylena A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGait is a large component and indicator of health in both young and older adults. Many factors affect gait including age, disease, and even mood disorders. Few studies have looked at the influence of emotional states on gait. This study aimed to investigate the influence of emotional states on walking performance to understand whether an emotional state may be an important factor to consider when evaluating gait. Thirty-six young adults were recruited (23F, 13M) and performed a neutral baseline condition of walking which included six passes of walking across an 8m walkway (a total of 48m of walking). Participants then completed 6 pseudo-randomized emotional state induction conditions while immersive 360-degree videos were used to induce the following emotional state conditions: happiness, excitement, sadness, fear, and anger. Participants viewed the emotion elicitation videos using a virtual reality head-mounted display (HMD), then rated their emotional state using self-assessment manikins and walked (without the HMD) over a pressure sensor walkway. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were used to examine differences in gait parameters across the emotional conditions. Participants walked with significantly reduced step length and speed during the sadness condition compared to the other emotion conditions and the neutral condition. Furthermore, participants adjusted the timing of their walking during the sadness condition and walked with significantly increased step, stance, and swing times compared to other emotion conditions, but not the neutral condition. Step time was significantly reduced during the conditions of excitement and fear compared to the neutral condition. These findings show that in young healthy adults, emotions may impact variety of gait parameters involving pace and rhythm, however have little influence on gait variability and postural control. These results indicate that perhaps the emotions of sadness and excitement should be taken into account as potential confounds for future gait analysis.
pan-ECM: live brain extracellular matrix imaging with protein-reactive dye
Authors: Ge Xiaoqian , Xu Xueqi , Cai Qi , Xiong Hejian , Chen Xie , Hong Yi , Gao Xiaofei , Yao Yao , Bachoo Robert , Qin Zhenpeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe brain extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, is a critical scaffold in the development, homeostasis, and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes remodeling in response to environmental cues. Live imaging of brain ECM structure represents a native view of the brain ECM but, until now, remains challenging due to the lack of a robust fluorescent labeling approach. Here, we developed a pan-ECM method for labeling the entire (Greek: pan) brain ECM network by screening and delivering a protein-reactive dye into the brain. pan-ECM enables imaging of ECM compartments in live brain tissue, including the interstitial matrix, basement membrane (BM), and perineuronal nets (PNNs), and even the ECM in glioblastoma and stroke mouse brains. This approach provides access to the structure and dynamics of the ECM and enhances our understanding of the complexities of the brain ECM and its contribution to brain health and disease.
Robust neural tracking of linguistic speech representations using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Puffay Corentin , Vanthornhout Jonas , Gillis Marlies , Accou Bernd , Van hamme Hugo , Francart Tom 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhen listening to continuous speech, populations of neurons in the brain track different features of the signal. Neural tracking can be measured by relating the electroencephalography (EEG) and the speech signal. Recent studies have shown a significant contribution of linguistic features over acoustic neural tracking using linear models. However, linear models cannot model the nonlinear dynamics of the brain. To overcome this, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) that relates EEG to linguistic features using phoneme or word onsets as a control and has the capacity to model non-linear relations.ApproachWe integrate phoneme- and word-based linguistic features (phoneme surprisal, cohort entropy, word surprisal and word frequency) in our nonlinear CNN model and investigate if they carry additional information on top of lexical features (phoneme and word onsets). We then compare the performance of our nonlinear CNN with that of a linear encoder and a linearized CNN.Main resultsFor the non-linear CNN, we found a significant contribution of cohort entropy over phoneme onsets and of word surprisal and word frequency over word onsets. Moreover, the non-linear CNN outperformed the linear baselines.SignificanceMeasuring coding of linguistic features in the brain is important for auditory neuroscience research and applications that involve objectively measuring speech understanding. With linear models, this is measurable, but the effects are very small. The proposed non-linear CNN model yields larger differences between linguistic and lexical models and, therefore, could show effects that would otherwise be unmeasurable and may, in the future, lead to improved within-subject measures and shorter recordings.Index TermsEEG decoding, speech processing, CNN, linguistics.
Transient gamma events delineate somatosensory modality in S1
Authors: Black Christopher J. , Saab Carl Y. , Borton David A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGamma band activity localized to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in humans and animals is implicated in the higher order neural processing of painful and tactile stimuli. However, it is unclear if gamma band activity differs between these distinct somatosensory modalities. Here, we coupled a novel behavioral approach with chronic extracellular electrophysiology to investigate differences in S1 gamma band activity elicited by noxious and innocuous hind paw stimulation in transgenic mice. Like prior studies, we found that trial-averaged gamma power in S1 increased following both noxious and innocuous stimuli. However, on individual trials, we noticed that evoked gamma band activity was not a continuous oscillatory signal but a series of transient spectral events. Upon further analysis we found that there was a significantly higher incidence of these gamma band events following noxious stimulation than innocuous stimulation. These findings suggest that somatosensory stimuli may be represented by specific features of gamma band activity at the single trial level, which may provide insight to mechanisms underlying acute pain.
Covid-19 and post-acute sick leave: a hybrid register and questionnaire study in the adult Danish population
Authors: O’Regan Elisabeth , Svalgaard Ingrid Bech , Sørensen Anna Irene Vedel , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Bager Peter , Nielsen Nete Munk , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv , Koch Anders , Ethelberg Steen , Hviid Anders 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong covid follows 10-20% of first-time SARS-CoV-2 infections, but the societal burden of long covid and risk factors for the condition are not well-understood. Here, we report findings about self-reported sick leave and risk factors thereof from a hybrid survey and register study, which included 37,482 RT- PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 51,336 test-negative controls who were tested during the index and alpha waves. An additional 33 individuals per 1000 took substantial sick leave following acute infection compared to persons with no known history of infection, where substantial sick leave was defined as >1 month of sick leave within the period 1-9 months after the RT-PCR test date. Being female, ≥50 years, and having certain pre-existing conditions such as fibromyalgia increased risks for taking substantial sick leave. Further research exploring this heterogeneity is urgently needed and may provide important evidence for more targeted preventative strategies.
Novel sperm chromatin dispersion test with artificial intelligence‐aided halo evaluation: A comparison study with existing modalities
Authors: Kuroda Shinnosuke , Karna Keshab Kumar , Kaiyal Raneen Sawaid , Cannarella Rossella , Lundy Scott D. , Vij Sarah C. , Agarwal Ashok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSperm chromatin dispersion test is a common and inexpensive technique to assess sperm DNA fragmentation, but its subjectivity in assessing a small number of spermatozoa is a disadvantage.ObjectivesTo study the efficacy of a new sperm chromatin dispersion test kit (R10) combined with an artificial intelligence‐aided halo‐evaluation platform (X12) and compare the results to those of existing sperm DNA fragmentation testing methods.Materials and methodsSemen samples from normozoospermic donors (n = 10) and infertile men with abnormal semen parameters (n = 10) were enrolled. DNA fragmentation indices were examined by multiple assays, including R10, Halosperm G2 (G2), sperm chromatin structure assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling. In R10 assay, the DNA fragmentation indices were obtained both manually (manual R10) and by X12 (AI‐R10). The obtained DNA fragmentation indices were analyzed by agreement analyses.ResultsThe DNA fragmentation indices obtained by manual R10 and those obtained by AI‐R10 showed a strong significant correlation (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) and agreement. The number of spermatozoa evaluated by AI‐R10 was 2078 (680–5831). The DNA fragmentation indices obtained by manual R10 and AI‐R10 both correlated with those of G2 (r = 0.90, p < 0.001; r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Between the AI‐R10 and G2 results, Passing–Bablok regression showed no systematic or proportional difference, and Bland–Altman plots revealed overall agreement and a mean bias of 6.3% with an SD of 6.9% (95% limit of agreement: −7.2% to 19.9%). AI‐R10 and sperm chromatin structure assays showed systematic differences with a mean bias of −1.9%, while AI‐R10 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling revealed proportional differences with a mean bias of −10.7%.ConclusionsThe novel sperm chromatin dispersion kit and artificial intelligence‐aided platform demonstrated significant correlation and agreement with existing sperm chromatin dispersion methods by assessing greater number of spermatozoa. This technique has the potential to provide a rapid and accurate assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation without technical expertise or flow cytometry.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in a single atrium with inferior vena cava interruption
Authors: Bun Sok‐Sithikun , Squara Fabien , Scarlatti Didier , Moceri Pamela , Ferrari Emile 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommon atrium (CA), also called three‐chambered heart, is one of the rare congenital anomalies, defined by a complete absence of the atrial septum, eventually associated with malformation of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with CA complicated with Eisenmenger syndrome and inferior vena cava interruption, who suffered from symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). She underwent an initial successful pulmonary vein isolation procedure. A repeat procedure for perivalvular atrial flutter was complicated with inadvertent complete AV block, due to unusual AV node location in this challenging anatomy.
Risk of colorectal neoplasia according to histologic disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colonic post‐inflammatory polyps
Authors: Wolf Thomas , Lewis Ayanna , Beaugerie Laurent , Svrcek Magali , Kirchgesner Julien ,   for the Saint‐Antoine IBD Network
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackground and AimsWhile post‐inflammatory polyps (PIPs) have historically been a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia (CRN), histologic activity may explain this association. We aimed to assess the impact of histologic activity on CRN occurrence in IBD patients with colonic PIPs.MethodsPatients with PIPs on surveillance colonoscopy at Saint‐Antoine hospital between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2020 were included and subsequent colonoscopies were assessed. Histologic IBD activity was assessed by the Nancy histologic index. Survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the strength of the association of PIPs and other patient variables with progression to CRN.ResultsA total of 173 patients with at least two surveillance colonoscopies with PIPs at index colonoscopy were compared to a similar group of 252 patients without PIPs. In survival analysis, the presence or PIPs at index colonoscopy did not impact the risk of CRN in patients with histological inflammation (p = 0.83) and in patients without histological inflammation (p = 0.98). The risk of CRN was associated with increasing Nancy index score of 3 or 4 (HR: 4.16; 95% CI 1.50–11.52 and HR: 3.44; 95% CI 1.63–7.24), age (HR per 10‐year increase: 1.37; 95% CI 1.13–1.66) and first‐degree family history of colorectal cancer (HR: 5.87; v 1.31–26.26), but not PIPs (HR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.63–2.17).ConclusionsAfter controlling for histologic activity, PIPs do not increase the risk of CRN in IBD patients. Histologic activity rather than PIPs should be considered in the risk assessment of CRN.
B cells and antibodies in refractory immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Roeser Anaïs , Lazarus Alan H. , Mahévas Matthieu 
Published: April 2023

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies secreted by plasma cells (PCs) in many patients. In refractory ITP patients, the persistence of splenic and bone marrow autoreactive long‐lived PCs (LLPCs) may explain primary failure of rituximab and splenectomy respectively. The reactivation of autoreactive memory B cells generating new autoreactive PCs contributes to relapses after initial response to rituximab. Emerging strategies targeting B cells and PCs aim to prevent the settlement of splenic LLPCs with the combination of anti‐BAFF and rituximab, to deplete autoreactive PCs with anti‐CD38 antibodies, and to induce deeper B‐cell depletion in tissues with novel anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies and anti‐CD19 therapies. Alternative strategies, focused on controlling autoantibody mediated effects, have also been developed, including SYK and BTK inhibitors, complement inhibitors, FcRn blockers and inhibitors of platelet desialylation.
Variant RHD alleles and Rh immunization in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Takasaki Kaoru , Friedman David F. , Uter Stacey , Vege Sunitha , Westhoff Connie M. , Chou Stella T. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryRH diversity among patients and donors contributes to Rh immunization despite serologic Rh‐matched red cell transfusions. Anti‐D can occur in D+ patients with RHD variants that encode partial D antigens. Anti‐D has also been reported in patients with conventional RHD transfused primarily with units from Black donors who frequently have variant RHD. We report 48 anti‐D in 690 D+ transfused individuals with sickle cell disease, categorized here as expressing conventional D, partial D or D antigen encoded by RHD*DAU0. Anti‐D formed in a greater proportion of individuals with partial D, occurred after fewer D+ unit exposures, and remained detectable for longer than for those in the other categories. Among all anti‐D, 13 had clinical or laboratory evidence of poor transfused red cell survival. Most individuals with anti‐D were chronically transfused, including 32 with conventional RHD who required an average of 62 D− units/year following anti‐D. Our findings suggest that patients with partial D may benefit from prophylactic D− or RH genotype‐matched transfusions to prevent anti‐D. Future studies should investigate whether RH genotype‐matched transfusions can improve use of valuable donations from Black donors, reduce D immunization and minimize transfusion of D− units to D+ individuals with conventional RHD or DAU0 alleles.
Distinct mechanisms of dysfunctional antigen‐presenting DCs and monocytes by single‐cell sequencing in multiple myeloma
Authors: Jiang Jinxing , Xiang Jing , Chen Mengping , Wan Yike , Zhong Lu , Han Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaotong , Wang Junying , Xiao Fei , Liu Jia , Li Hua , Huang Honghui , Hou Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with the hallmark of immunodeficiency, including dysfunction of T cells, NK cells, and APCs. Dysfunctional APCs have been reported to play a key role in promoting MM progression. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, single‐cell transcriptome analysis of dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes from 10 MM patients and three healthy volunteers was performed. Both DCs and monocytes were divided into five distinct clusters, respectively. Among them, monocyte‐derived DCs (mono‐DC) were shown to develop from intermediate monocytes (IM) via trajectory analysis. Functional analysis showed that, compared with healthy controls, conventional DC2 (cDC2), mono‐DC, and IM of MM patients exhibited impaired antigen processing and presentation capacity. Moreover, reduced regulon activity of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was found in cDC2, mono‐DC and IM of MM patients according to single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis, while the downstream mechanisms were distinct. Specifically in MM patients, cathepsin S (CTSS) was markedly downregulated in cDC2, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator (CIITA) was significantly decreased in IM, in addition both CTSS and CIITA were downregulated in mono‐DC based on differentially expressed genes analysis. In vitro study validated that knockdown of Irf1 downregulated Ctss and Ciita respectively in mouse DC cell line DC2.4 and mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7, which ultimately inhibited proliferation of CD4+ T cells after being cocultured with DC2.4 or RAW264.7 cells. This current study unveils the distinct mechanisms of cDC2, IM, and mono‐DC function impairment in MM, offering new insight into the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency.