bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on equivalence‐based procedures to teach food‐portion estimation skills
Authors: Díaz Melissa , Garcia Yors , Mahoney Amanda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis review involved a systematic analysis of equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) that aimed to improve food‐size interventions in diverse populations. Systematic searches identified seven studies published since 2010 that met inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed according to their participants, design, setting, content taught, training structures, training protocol, testing format, treatment integrity, and outcomes. Results showed EBI procedures for teaching food estimation skills have been mostly implemented with adults. The type of content taught in the identified studies included carbohydrate ranges, portion size with food and non‐food items, measuring cups and nutritional content of calories. Majority of included studies used one‐to‐many training structure and simultaneous protocols for teaching stimulus relations. Five studies completed a generalization probe and three studies reported treatment integrity data. Overall, all participants demonstrated skill acquisition of novel relations between food and portion measurement aides. Recommendations for future research and clinical applications of EBI in teaching food portion estimation are presented.
Quantifying deliberate practice using auto‐graded questions: Analyzing multiple metrics in a chemical engineering course
Authors: Chapman Kayla E. , Davidson Megan E. , Azuka Nneka , Liberatore Matthew W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInteractive digital technologies provide a mechanism to capture big data for higher education faculty to monitor student progress in real‐time. By measuring both performance and perseverance using auto‐graded problems, this learning analytics research examines several tenets of deliberate practice. Specifically, online homework problems integrated into an interactive textbook for chemical engineering titled Material and Energy Balances zyBook were examined. Across three cohorts totaling over 250 students and 84,000 questions, the fraction correct, attempts before correct, and attempts after correct provided metrics to examine question type and order. Fraction correct and attempts before correct varied with statistical significance as a function of question type and order, including many differences having medium and large effect sizes. Multiple choice questions led to the highest fraction correct and the least number of attempts before correct, while questions requiring multiple numeric responses led to the lowest success and the largest number of attempts before correct. Next, multiple metrics were aggregated into a deliberate practice score, to broadly quantify problem difficulty. Fraction correct, modified correct, first quartile attempts before correct, and median attempts before correct were combined at different thresholds leading to a deliberate practice score between 0 and 8. Questions with higher deliberate practice scores were disproportionality used for practice (61% of attempts on 13% of questions); practice attempts do not receive course credit. Overall, combining metrics in a deliberate practice score exhibits the potential to optimize the length of homework assignments and give students more credit for solving more challenging auto‐graded problems.
Subpoenas and the new registrar, Part 1
Authors: Rainsberger Richard 
Published: February 2023

34 CFR §99.31 (a) (9)An educational … institution may disclose personally identifiable information from the education records of a student without the written consent of…(that) student if the disclosure is…(9) To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena; Provided that the educational … institution makes a reasonable effort to notify the … student of the order or subpoena in advance of compliance therewith…(From the originally approved FERPA regulations, published in Part II of the Federal Register, Thursday, June 17, 1976 (Vol. 41, No, 118).)
PerimetryNet: A multiscale fine grained deep network for three‐dimensional eye gaze estimation using visual field analysis
Authors: Yu Shuqing , Wang Zhihao , Zhou Shuowen , Yang Xiaosong , Wu Chao , Wang Zhao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional gaze estimation aims to reveal where a person is looking, which plays an important role in identifying users' point‐of‐interest in terms of the direction, attention and interactions. Appearance‐based gaze estimation methods could provide relatively unconstrained gaze tracking from commodity hardware. Inspired by medical perimetry test, we have proposed a multiscale framework with visual field analysis branch to improve estimation accuracy. The model is based on the feature pyramids and predicts vision field to help gaze estimation. In particular, we analysis the effect of the multiscale component and the visual field branch on challenging benchmark datasets: MPIIGaze and EYEDIAP. Based on these studies, our proposed PerimetryNet significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods. In addition, the multiscale mechanism and visual field branch can be easily applied to existing network architecture for gaze estimation. Related code would be available at public repositoryhttps://github.com/gazeEs/PerimetryNet.
Balancing Attraction and Repulsion: The Influence of London Dispersion in [10]Cycloparaphenylene‐Fullerene Complexes
Authors: Volkmann Jannis , Kohrs Daniel , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein we present a systematic study of the influence of different alkyl chains in malonyl ester fullerene adducts with [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP]) and a tert‐butyl (tBu) ester‐substituted [10]CPP analogue. The association constants between the nanoring hosts and the fullerene guests were determined by fluorescence quenching experiments. The trends in association were rationalized by an interplay of repulsion arising from an extended volume and London dispersion as an attractive counterpart.
Enantioselective Transformations from Nitriles to NH2‐α‐Tertiary Amines
Authors: Li Qing , Shi Yinrui , Ma Yina , Ding Liuyang , Li Xiang , Li Jiuling , Guo Yafei , Fan Baomin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic molecules, containing one or more amine chiral centers, are very common to see in natural products and medicines. Although a large number of methods have been developed to afford enantiopure amines, most of the known approaches are limited with various reasons. For example, many methodologies start from nitrogen protected and activated substrates, which usually need multistep operations and seriously decrease the atom economy. Here we disclose a new catalytic strategy from commercial nitriles to high enantioselective α‐tertiary primary amines in up to 90 % yield and 95 % enantiomeric excess. This transformation firstly undergoes an addition process of organolithium reagents to nitriles to generate the imine intermediates in situ. Subsequently, the most challenging step is by employing copper catalytic enantioselective addition of AllylBpin to the imine intermediates to form the final amines in one pot.
Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Carbon Felt for Accelerating Underwater Microbial Gas Production to Enhance Power Generation
Authors: Du Xuanzhe , Li Ping , Guan Zhibin , Wen Yumei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHarvesting energy from bubbles produced by seafloor microorganisms to power underwater devices is a promising method. However, the slow gas production rate under natural conditions hinders the practical application of this technology. Herein, we synthesized polyaniline/carboxyl multiwalled carbon nanotube/carbon felt (PANI/c‐MWCNT/CF) by dip‐coating and in‐situ chemical polymerization for accelerating gas production rate from underwater anaerobic digestion. The optimal WNCNTS addition dosage in modified CF was determined to be 0.5 g/L. Compared with the control group, the PANI/c‐MWCNT/CF improved the gas production yield and rate by 48% and 59%, respectively. Furthermore, after seven days of continuous experiments, the high gas production rate was maintained, demonstrating that the PANI/c‐MWCNT/CF is durable and stable. This study supplies enough gas for the underwater bubble energy harvester, removing environmental constraints on subsea in‐situ power generation and opening up a broad prospect for the power supply to underwater equipment.
Multilayer self‐attention residual network for code search
Authors: Hu Haize , Liu Jianxun , Zhang Xiangping 
Published: February 2023

SummarySoftware developers usually search existing code snippets in open source code repositories to modify and reuse them. Therefore, how to get the right code snippet from the open‐source code repository quickly and accurately is the focus of current software development research. Nowadays, code search is one of the solutions. To improve the accuracy of source code feature information representation and the accuracy of code search. A multilayer self‐ attention residual network‐based code search model (MSARN‐CS) is proposed in this paper. In the MSARN‐CS model, not only the weight of each word in the code sequence unit is considered but also the effect of embedding between code sequence units is calculated. In addition, an optimization model of residuals is introduced to compensate for the loss of information in the code sequences during the model training. To verify the search effectiveness of the MSARN‐CS model, three other baseline models are compared on the basis of extensive source code data. The experimental results show that the MSARN‐CS model has better search results compared with the baseline model. For parameter Recall@1, the experimental result of MSARN‐CS model was 9.547, which as 100.90%, 73.87%, 60.37%, and 2.55% better compared to CODEnn, CRLCS, SAN‐CS‐ and SAN‐CS, respectively. For the parameter Recall@5, the results improved by 26.67%, 36.23%, 36.21%, and 1.63%, respectively, and for the parameter Recall@10, the results improved by 13.92%, 25.70%, 20.78%, and 2.23%, respectively. For the parameter mean reciprocal rank, the results improved by 52.89%, 76.17%, 63.38%, and 3.88%, respectively. For the parameter normalized discounted cumulative gain, the results improved by 54.22%, 60.55%, 50.28%, and 3.30%, respectively. The MSARN‐CS model proposed in the paper can effectively improve the accuracy of code search and enhance the programming efficiency of developers.
Improved Performance of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Light‐emitting Diodes via Nanostructured Stamp Imprinting
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Jing , Liu Yue‐Feng , Zheng Xin , Feng Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHalide perovskites are emerging emitters with excellent optoelectronic properties. Contrary to the large grain fabrication goal in perovskite solar cells, perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on small grain enable efficient radiative recombination because of relatively higher charge carrier densities due to spatial confinement. However, achieving small‐sized grain growth with superior crystal quality and film morphology remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrated a nanostructured stamp thermal imprinting strategy to boost the surface coverage and improve the crystalline quality of CsPbBr3 film, particularly confine the grain size, leading to the improvement of luminance and efficiency of PeLEDs. We improved the thermal imprinting process utilizing the nanostructured stamp to selectively manipulate the nucleation and growth in the nanoscale region and acquire small‐sized grain accompanied by improved crystal quality and surface morphology of the film. By optimizing the imprinting pressure and the period of the nanostructures, appropriate grain size, high surface coverage, small surface roughness and improved crystallization could be achieved synchronously. Finally, the maximum luminance and efficiency of PeLEDs achieved by nanostructured stamp imprinting with a period of 320 nm are 67600 cd/m2 and 16.36 cd/A, respectively. This corresponds to improvements of 123 % in luminance and 100 % in efficiency, compared to that of PeLEDs without the imprinting.
Statistical Equivalence of Quantum Chemical Methods for Energy Distribution in Water Clusters
Authors: Tokmachev Andrey M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMethods of quantum chemistry are instrumental in understanding molecular structures and properties. However, the results demonstrate significant variability, which is difficult to predict and rationalize. The fundamental question is whether some molecular systems exhibit properties invariant with respect to the computational method. The idea explored here is that collective properties of statistical ensembles should be more robust than characteristics of individual molecules and their arbitrary sets. This effect is demonstrated for the complete set of hydrogen‐bond topologies of the dodecahedral water cluster (H2O)20. Non‐Gaussian energy distributions produced by various methods have the same functional form despite strong differences in mean values and standard deviations. The conclusion is tested on methods of different complexity and origin employing a number of criteria. A linear mapping between the energies produced by different methods is discussed. The significance of the results is in establishing a collective equivalence property of quantum chemical methods.
Theoretical Study of the Hydroxyl‐Radical‐Initiated Degradation Mechanism, Kinetics, and Subsequent Evolution of Methyl and Ethyl Iodides in the Atmosphere
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Huan , Bai Feng‐Yang , Meng Ting‐Ting , Ni Shuang , Zhao Zhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe degradation and transformation of iodinated alkanes are crucial in the iodine chemical cycle in the marine boundary layer. In this study, MP2 and CCSD(T) methods were adopted to study the atmospheric transformation mechanism and degradation kinetic properties of CH3I and CH3CH2I mediated by ⋅OH radical. The results show that there are three reaction mechanisms including H‐abstraction, I‐substitution and I‐abstraction. The H‐abstraction channel producing ⋅CH2I and CH3C ⋅ HI radicals are the main degradation pathways of CH3I and CH3CH2I, respectively. By means of the variational transition state theory and small curvature tunnel correction method, the rate constants and branching ratios of each reaction are calculated in the temperature range of 200–600 K. The results show that the tunneling effect contributes more to the reaction at low temperatures. Theoretical reaction rate constants of CH3I and CH3CH2I with ⋅OH are calculated to be 1.42×10−13 and 4.44×10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T=298 K, respectively, which are in good agreement with the experimental values. The atmospheric lifetimes of CH3I and CH3CH2I are evaluated to be 81.51 and 26.07 day, respectively. The subsequent evolution mechanism of ⋅CH2I and CH3C ⋅ HI in the presence of O2, NO and HO2 indicates that HCHO, CH3CHO, and I‐atom are the main transformation end‐products. This study provides a theoretical basis for insight into the diurnal conversion and environmental implications of iodinated alkanes.
Anisotropic 1H STD‐NMR Spectroscopy: Exploration of Enantiomer‐Polypeptide Interactions in Chiral Oriented Environments
Authors: Gouilleux Boris , Moussallieh François‐Marie , Lesot Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Philippe Lesot's group (NMR in Oriented Media, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182) at Université Paris‐Saclay, France. The image shows four pieces of a puzzle: the magnet of an NMR spectrometer, the principle of the 1H STD‐NMR experiment and the 3D helical structure of the poly‐γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate polymer leading to a chiral liquid‐crystalline phase that discriminates the enantiomers of a model chiral solute (1‐phenethyl alcohol). Putting these pieces of the puzzle together allows us to identify the hydrogen sites of each enantiomer interacting with the polypeptide side chain. These new outcomes are a further step towards a global understanding of the chiral recognition that occurs in such media. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200508.
Iron‐Cobalt‐Cerium Multimetallic Oxides Derived from Prussian Blue Precursors: Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Yaqiong , Kong Yuxuan , Du Binjie , Liu Tian , Ying Shuanglu , Xiong Dengke , Yi Fei‐Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExploring non‐precious metal‐based electrocatalysts is still challenging in 21stcentury. In this work, a series of hexagonal bipyramidal Ce‐based PBA materials as precursors with different Fe/Co metal ratios, namely as CeFexCo1−x‐PBA, are successfully constructed via co‐precipitation method and converted into corresponding metal oxides (denoted as FexCo1−xCeOy) via thermal treatment. Then, they as electrocatalysts realize highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Especially, as‐synthesized Fe0.7Co0.3CeOyelectrocatalyst shows very low overpotentials of 320 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2and the Tafel slop of 98.4 mV dec−1in 1 M KOH with remarkable durability for 24 h, which was due to the synergistic effect of multi‐metal FeCoCe centers. Furthermore, a two‐electrode cell of Fe0.7Co0.3CeOy/NF||Pt/C/NF realizes outstanding overall water splitting with a voltage of only 1.71 V at 10 mA cm−2and remarkable long‐term durability, that is even superior to benchmark IrO2/NF||Pt/C/NF counterpart.
Bis(acyl)phosphide ‐ Ambidentate Ligands for the Synthesis of Group 14 and 15 Main Group Element Compounds
Authors: Widera Anna , Conti Riccardo , Schrader Erik , Aebli Marcel , Wörle Michael , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of the bis(acyl)phosphide ion [P(COR)2]− (BAP−, R=Ph, Mes) with silicon halides SiX4 (X=Cl, Br) and pnictogen chlorides ECl3 (E=As, Sb and Bi) was investigated. The reaction with SiX4 leads to the hexacoordinate silanes SiX2(BAP)2 in which BAP− is coordinated in the chelating κ2‐O,O′ mode, analogously to acac−. Unexpectedly, the coordination behaviour of BAP− differs from the one of acac− in the interpnictogen compounds E(BAP)3 (E=As, Sb) in which the formation of E−P bonds is favoured over κ2‐O,O′ chelation via the oxygen centres. Finally, the reaction of BiCl3 with three equivalents of Na(BAP) leads to the formation of red, crystalline Bi2(BAP)4, an air stable dibismuthine, as product of a redox reaction.
Emergency‐line calls as an indicator to assess human–wildlife interaction in urban areas
Authors: Pop Mihai I. , Gradinaru Simona R. , Popescu Viorel D. , Haase Dagmar , Iojă Cristian I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman–wildlife interactions (HWIs) are increasingly common human disturbances as development continues to remove wildlife habitats. Documenting HWI is critical for environmental protection agencies to develop strategies and management decisions that meet the needs of both people and wildlife. However, evaluation of the frequency and types of HWI at broad spatial scales (e.g., national or regional level) can be costly and difficult to implement by managers. In this study, we apply a novel method for the evaluation of patterns of HWI in urban areas by using publicly available data from emergency calls (ECs) placed by inhabitants of Romania's urban areas. We used information from 4601 ECs placed at the Romanian National Emergency Call System 112, which consisted of (1) wildlife species, (2) spatial location, (3) date and time, and (4) a short description of the emergency. Of the 318 analyzed cities, 300 cities documented ECs on HWI between 2015 and 2020, with roe deer and brown bear being the most frequently mentioned species. We recorded an increasing trend in HWI‐related ECs in 73% of the urban areas over the five‐year period. We mapped the large‐scale distribution of HWI by species and type of interactions in order to capture variations at the national level. Further, we analyzed the social and the biophysical factors potentially influencing the occurrence and frequency of HWI. The results showed that social factors have the same effect on all species, while the effect of the biophysical factors varied between species. Particularly, the presence of large natural habitats, represented by forests, influenced the number of calls only for brown bears. Seminatural landscapes with agricultural land have a different influence in terms of effect and significance for the considered species. Our results suggest that publicly available data from ECs can be used for the rapid assessment of HWI and for evaluating trends and predictors of HWI at broad spatial scales.
Immunization with excretory‐secretory molecules of intestinal nematodes induces antigen‐specific protective memory Th2 cell responses
Authors: Yordanova Ivet A. , Elizalde‐Velázquez Luis E. , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParasitic nematodes infect more than 1 billion people in the global south. The development of effective antihelminthic vaccines is a crucial tool for their future elimination. Protective immune responses to nematodes depend on Gata3+ Th2 cells, which can also be induced by nematode‐released products. Whether these nematode products induce antigen‐specific long‐lived memory T cells and thereby confer protection against a challenge infection is not known yet. Hence, we set out to characterize the formation of memory Th2 cells induced by immunization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus excretory‐secretory (HES) products, infection‐induced versus immunization‐induced recall responses to a challenge infection, and whether HES‐induced memory T cells show protective properties following adoptive transfer. Our results show that 8 weeks postimmunization, HES induces long‐lived functional memory Th2 cells at the site of immunization in the peritoneal cavity. Following a H. polygyrus challenge infection, HES‐immunized mice display MHC‐II‐dependent antigen‐specific Th2 cytokine responses in the gut‐draining lymph nodes, comparable to those induced by a prior natural infection. Moreover, adoptive transfer of sorted memory CD4+ T cells from HES‐immunized donors reduces female worm fecundity following a challenge H. polygyrus infection in recipient mice, highlighting a protective role for immunization‐induced memory T cells.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds for the Synthesis of Amines: An Overview
Authors: Jose Jisna , Diana Elizabeth J. , Kanchana U. S. , Mathew Thomas V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReductive amination is a valuable method for amine synthesis that has been the topic of a century‘s worth of in‐depth study in both academia and industry. Amines and their derivatives serve as incredibly adaptable building blocks for a broad array of organic substrates and are significant precursors for a myriad of advanced chemicals, physiologically active compounds, agrochemicals, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. The creation of innovative catalytic processes for the long‐term and selective synthesis of amines from readily accessible and environmentally benign reagents remains a top priority in chemical research. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts have been designed with success to enable these reactions to explore new amines. Ruthenium catalysts are employed in reductive amination owing to their stability, selectivity, versatility, low toxicity, and high efficiency. This review comprehensively overviews the Ru‐catalyzed reductive amination processes and includes the literature from 2009 to 2022.