bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticle for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Cancer Therapy: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Xu Lei , Cao Yuan , Xu Ya , Li Rong , Xu Xiaoding 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer development and progression of cancer are closely associated with the activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. Nucleic acid drugs (e.g., siRNA, mRNA, and DNA) are widely used for cancer therapy due to their specific ability to regulate the expression of any cancer‐associated genes. However, nucleic acid drugs are negatively charged biomacromolecules that are susceptible to serum nucleases and cannot cross cell membrane. Therefore, specific delivery tools are required to facilitate the intracellular delivery of nucleic acid drugs. In the past few decades, a variety of nanoparticles (NPs) are designed and developed for nucleic acid delivery and cancer therapy. In particular, the polymeric NPs in response to the abnormal redox status in cancer cells have garnered much more attention as their potential in redox‐triggered nanostructure dissociation and rapid intracellular release of nucleic acid drugs. In this review, the important genes or signaling pathways regulating the abnormal redox status in cancer cells are briefly introduced and the recent development of redox‐responsive NPs for nucleic acid delivery and cancer therapy is systemically summarized. The future development of NPs‐mediated nucleic acid delivery and their challenges in clinical translation are also discussed.
Deep learning‐based radiomics model can predict extranodal soft tissue metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Shengyuan , Deng Jingyu , Dong Di , Fang Mengjie , Ye Zhaoxiang , Hu Yanfeng , Li Hailin , Zhong Lianzhen , Cao Runnan , Zhao Xun , Shang Wenting , Li Guoxin , Liang Han , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe potential prognostic value of extranodal soft tissue metastasis (ESTM) has been confirmed by increasing studies about gastric cancer (GC). However, the gold standard of ESTM is determined by pathologic examination after surgery, and there are no preoperative methods for assessment of ESTM yet.PurposeThis multicenter study aimed to develop a deep learning‐based radiomics model to preoperatively identify ESTM and evaluate its prognostic value.MethodsA total of 959 GC patients were enrolled from two centers and split into a training cohort (N = 551) and a test cohort (N = 236) for ESTM evaluation. Additionally, an external survival cohort (N = 172) was included for prognostic analysis. Four models were established based on clinical characteristics and multiphase computed tomography (CT) images for preoperative identification of ESTM, including a deep learning model, a hand‐crafted radiomic model, a clinical model, and a combined model. C‐index, decision curve, and calibration curve were utilized to assess the model performances. Survival analysis was conducted to explore the ability of stratifying overall survival (OS).ResultsThe combined model showed good discrimination of the ESTM [C‐indices (95% confidence interval, CI): 0.770 (0.729–0.812) and 0.761 (0.718–0.805) in training and test cohorts respectively], which outperformed deep learning model, radiomics model, and clinical model. The stratified analysis showed this model was not affected by patient's tumor size, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, and Lauren classification (p < 0.05). Moreover, the model score showed strong consistency with the OS [C‐indices (95%CI): 0.723 (0.658–0.789, p < 0.0001) in the internal survival cohort and 0.715 (0.650–0.779, p < 0.0001) in the external survival cohort]. More interestingly, univariate analysis showed the model score was significantly associated with occult distant metastasis (p < 0.05) that was missed by preoperative diagnosis.ConclusionsThe model combining CT images and clinical characteristics had an impressive predictive ability of both ESTM and prognosis, which has the potential to serve as an effective complement to the preoperative TNM staging system.
Treatment Outcomes With Conservative Management of Frontal Sinus Outflow Tract Fractures
Authors: Dennis Steven Kennedy , Steele Toby O. , Gill Amarbir S. , Hwang Joshua C. , Sarhadi Kamron S. , Cheema Karmtej S. , Aulakh Sukhkaran S. , Wilson Machelle D. , Strong E. Bradley 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveHistorically, early surgical management of frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) fractures has been standard practice. There has been a paradigm shift toward nonsurgical or delayed management. Unfortunately, clinical indications and treatment outcomes for this approach are poorly understood. This study evaluates radiologic indicators, as well as sinus reaeration and complication rates for FSOT injuries treated nonsurgically.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study of FSOT injuries between 2005 and 2019.SettingAcademic, tertiary care medical center.MethodsRadiographic fracture patterns of the frontal ostia (FO) and frontal recess (FR) were recorded as either patent, disrupted, or obstructed. Sinus reaeration, surgical rescue, and complication rates were documented. Patients with follow‐up imaging >42 days were included. Patients undergoing immediate surgical intervention were excluded.ResultsOne hundred patients were identified and 44 met the criteria (88 sinuses). Among nonobstructed FSOT injuries (ie, patent or disrupted), reaeration occurred in 91% of the FO and 98% of FR injuries. Two sinuses required surgical rescue including 1 Draf IIB (1%), and 1 obliteration (1%). Two sinuses had complications including 1 mucocele (1%) and 1 cerebrospinal fluid leak (1%). FO and FR fracture patterns had no identifiable correlation with long‐term reaeration rates or the need for surgical intervention.ConclusionAmong nonobstructive injuries to the FSOT, average reaeration rates in observed patients were high (91%‐98%). Rescue surgery (2%) and complication rates (2%) were low, suggesting that nonsurgical management of nonobstructed FSOT is a viable strategy. No radiographic features were clearly identified to be predictive of sinus reaeration.
Individualized Dynamic Prediction Model for Patient‐Reported Voice Quality in Early‐Stage Glottic Cancer
Authors: Dorr Maarten C. , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Sewnaik Aniel , Berzenji Diako , van Hof Kira S. , Dronkers Emilie A.C. , Bernard Simone E. , Hoesseini Arta , Rizopoulos Dimitirs , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Offerman Marinella P.J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveEarly‐stage glottic cancer (ESGC) is a malignancy of the head and neck. Besides disease control, preservation and improvement of voice quality are essential. To enable expectation management and well‐informed decision‐making, patients should be sufficiently counseled with individualized information on expected voice quality. This study aims to develop an individualized dynamic prediction model for patient‐reported voice quality. This model should be able to provide individualized predictions at every time point from intake to the end of follow‐up.Study DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingTertiary cancer center.MethodsPatients treated for ESGC were included in this study (N = 294). The Voice Handicap Index was obtained prospectively. The framework of mixed and joint models was used. The prognostic factors used are treatment, age, gender, comorbidity, performance score, smoking, T‐stage, and involvement of the anterior commissure. The overall performance of these models was assessed during an internal cross‐validation procedure and presentation of absolute errors using box plots.ResultsThe mean age in this cohort was 67 years and 81.3% are male. Patients were treated with transoral CO2laser microsurgery (57.8%), single vocal cord irradiation up to (24.5), or local radiotherapy (17.5%). The mean follow‐up was 43.4 months (SD 21.5). Including more measurements during prediction improves predictive performance. Including more clinical and demographic variables did not provide better predictions. Little differences in predictive performance between models were found.ConclusionWe developed a dynamic individualized prediction model for patient‐reported voice quality. This model has the potential to empower patients and professionals in making well‐informed decisions and enables tailor‐made counseling.
Support for misinformation regulation on social media: It is the perceived harm of misinformation that matters, not the perceived amount
Authors: Freiling Isabelle , Stubenvoll Marlis , Matthes Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResponding to harmful content on social media, calls for regulations are coming up to break down the black boxes of social media platforms in handling misinformation. Examples are requiring cooperations with fact‐checkers or the government stepping in. So far, there is a lack of knowledge about predictors of policy attitudes in the context of misinformation besides attitudes toward and perceptions of censorship. Using a two‐wave panel study in Germany at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic and 8 months in, we examine the role of perceived misinformation exposure, perceived harm of misinformation, and trust in institutions involved in regulating misinformation on public support for misinformation regulation. Results show that trust in media and democracy increases policy support over time. Furthermore, perceived exposure to misinformation does not influence policy attitudes, but perceived harm of misinformation does. We discuss the implications for regulating misinformation in light of our findings.
Machine‐learning modeling of hourly potential thermal refuge area: A case study from the Sainte‐Marguerite River (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Hani Ilias , St‐Hilaire André , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo understand the temporal and spatial variability of thermal refuges, this study focused on modeling potential thermal refuge area (PTRA) at a sub‐daily time‐step in two tributary confluences of the Sainte‐Marguerite River (Canada) during the summers of 2020 and 2021. Aquatic ectotherm species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), seek these refuges to avoid heat stress during high summer river temperatures. To investigate the temporal variability of these PTRA, we employed inverse weighted distance interpolation to delineate the hourly area available at both confluences. We then analyzed the impact of the atypical low flow conditions of summer 2021 on the diel cycle of PTRA extremes using the coefficient of variation and the generalized additive model (GAM). Finally, we used four supervised machine‐learning regression models and three to five hydrometeorological predictors to estimate hourly PTRA availability: multivariate adaptive splines regression (MARS), GAM, support vector machine regression (SVM), and random forest regression (RF). The results showed that tree‐based and kernel‐based regression models, RF and SVM, outperformed GAM and MARS. RF had the highest accuracy at both sites, with a relative root mean square error and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Nash) of 13% and 93%, respectively. Our study discovered that under warm conditions in August 2021, small perennial tributary inflows in combination with low mainstem discharge could create high and constant PTRA at confluences, potentially providing vital thermal refuges for cold‐water taxa. These refuges may be especially important at the local level, within a specific stretch or section of the river. Given the decreasing availability of thermal refuges for salmonids, it is crucial to monitor stream temperatures at small spatial and temporal scales using data‐driven techniques in order to understand stream temperature heterogeneity at tributary confluences.
A review on catalytic pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste
Authors: Biakhmetov Bauyrzhan , Dostiyarov Abay , Ok Yong Sik , You Siming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is a global issue that severely threatens the environment if not managed properly. Plastic waste is widely treated in unsustainable ways such as landfill and incineration that generally do not contribute to the circular economy or to the principles of the United Nation's sustainable development goals. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste is considered an alternative solution with its potential of recovering fuels and chemicals from the plastic waste that is not recyclable. Here, we described for the first time the main steps required for running an operational pyrolysis plant from a whole system perspective. The recent advancement of plastic pyrolysis technologies is also described to guide the selection of relevant catalysts. The practical applications of products from the plastic pyrolysis are succinctly reviewed. This review will facilitate the development of the capacity to make better decisions upon the design and analysis of plastic pyrolysis processes and systems.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Climate and Environment > Circular Economy
Emerging Technologies > Materials
Sustainable Energy > Energy Efficiency
Insufficient restoration of meniscal extrusion by transtibial pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears
Authors: Takase Ryota , Ohsawa Takashi , Hashimoto Shogo , Kurihara Shingo , Yanagisawa Shinya , Hagiwara Keiichi , Kimura Masashi , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe long‐term changes in the dynamics of the medial meniscus after transtibial pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) are not completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transtibial pullout repair on MMPRTs and whether the effects would be sustained.MethodsNineteen knees with MMPRTs that were treated by trans‐tibial pullout repair were enrolled in this study. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was measured by ultrasonography during knee extension (no weight‐bearing with the knee at 0° extension: NW0°) and 90° flexion (no weight‐bearing with the knee at 90° flexion: NW90°) with the patient in the supine position and with full weight‐bearing (FW0°) preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee score.ResultsThe difference in MME with NW0° was not statistically significant between the preoperative (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) and 12‐month postoperative (3.7 ± 0.6 mm) time points. The MME with NW90° at 3 (2.1 ± 0.7 mm) and 12 months (2.9 ± 0.6 mm) postoperatively were significantly lower than the preoperative values (3.4 ± 0.8 mm) (P < 0.05). However, the value significantly increased from 3 to 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The MME with FW0° at 12 months postoperatively (4.3 ± 0.6 mm) was significantly larger than that at pre‐operatively (3.6 ± 0.9 mm) (P < 0.05). All the patients’ clinical conditions were significantly improved at 12 months postoperatively when compared to their preoperative clinical conditions.ConclusionSurgery did not reduce the extrusion in the no weight‐bearing and weight‐bearing positions at knee extension, and these values increased in the postoperative period. In addition, while the surgery reduced the extrusion in the knee flexion position, the restoration achieved by the surgery was not sustained in the long term.Level of evidence: Level IV.
No Doppler Single Position‐Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap (NDSP‐LICAP): a Safe and Versatile Flap for Breast Oncoplasty in Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh , Deo S. V. S. , Oberoi Ajit Singh , Gowda Manoj , Bhoriwal Sandeep Kumar , Saikia Jyotishman , Pandit Anuja , Mallick Supriya , Batra Atul , Jha Akash 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe lateral intercostal artery perforator flap (LICAP) has emerged as one of the safest and less morbid flaps for lateral and central breast defects. We hereby describe a reproducible no Doppler single position (NDSP) technique to harvest it in single position without handheld Doppler, making it a versatile flap for lateral breast defects in resource‐limited setting also.Materials and MethodsWith this technique, we performed a total of 22 LICAP turnover flaps over a period of 18 months from January 2020 to June 2021. In all 22 cases, the indication of flap was to fill the post‐breast conservation surgery (BCS) defects in outer quadrant of breast. All LICAP flaps were harvested by surface marking of anatomical landmarks and without handheld Doppler.ResultsOut of 22 LICAP turnover flaps, thirteen were harvested for left breast and nine for right breast. The median width and length of the flap were 12.2 cm and 19.6 cm, respectively. The additional mean operative time was 41 min. All LICAP flaps survived well, and grade 1 Clavien‐Dindo morbidity was documented in four cases. Mean hospital stay was 2.6 days. All patients received radiotherapy on their stipulated schedule. Early cosmetic outcome was good, and long‐term outcomes are awaited.ConclusionNDSP‐LICAP flap is a workhorse for lateral breast defects. Precise knowledge of perforators and anatomical landmarks can be used for harvesting these flaps, thus avoiding ultrasound Doppler and dedicated training for perforator localization. This technique has short learning curve without the need for any plastic surgery training. The early cosmetic outcomes are good.
Central nervous system complications in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients
Authors: Li Zhonggui , Lin Danyu , Xu Xiaoshuang , Liu Xiaohuan , Zhang Jieli , Huang Kaixun , Wang Feiyifan , Liu Jianfeng , Zhang Zhi , Tao Enxiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications.

Methods
In this single-centre observation study, we recruited patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications at the neurology inpatient department of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen) from Dec 2022 to Feb 2023. Patients were analysed for demographics, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid properties, electroencephalographic features, neuroimaging characteristics, and treatment outcome. All patients were followed-up at 1 and 2 months after discharge until Apr 2023.

Results
Of the 12 patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications, the CNS symptoms occur between 0 days and 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common CNS symptoms were memory deficits (4/12, 33%), Unresponsiveness (4/12, 33%), mental and behavioural disorders (4/12, 33%). Seven of 12 cases can be categorized as probable SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis, and 5 cases can be described as brainstem encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis or tremor probably associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six patients received antiviral therapy, and 11 patients received glucocorticoid therapy, of which 3 patients received human immunoglobulin synchronously. Nine patients recovered well, two patients had residual neurological dysfunction, and one patient passed away from complications associated with tumor.

Conclusion
In this observational study, we found that the inflammatory or immune-related complications were relatively common manifestations of COVID-19-associated CNS complications, including different phenotypes of encephalitis and CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Most patients recovered well, but a few patients had significant neurological dysfunctions remaining.
Isolation and characterization of three novel Acinetobacter baumannii phages from Beninese hospital wastewater
Authors: Kolsi Anna , Haukka Kaisa , Dougnon Victorien , Agbankpè Alidehou Jerrold , Fabiyi Kafayath , Virta Marko , Skurnik Mikael , Kantele Anu , Kiljunen Saija 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. The rapid emergence of multi- and pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter strains poses an increasing challenge in hospitals. Phage therapy offers one treatment option for infections caused by A. baumannii. We isolated three phages from Beninese hospital wastewater – fBenAci001, fBenAci002, and fBenAci003 – that infected clinical A. baumannii strains from Finnish patients. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these phages resemble phages of the genus Friunavirus, family Autographiviridae. The isolated phages meet the requirements set for phages used for phage therapy. However, they were found to have a narrow host range, which may limit their therapeutic use.
Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wendel Flora , Bender Stephan , Breitinger Eva , Coenen Michaela , Hummel Julia , Immich Gisela , Kirschneck Michaela , Klünder Vera , Kunzler Angela M. , Lieb Klaus , Movsisyan Ani , Li Lydia Y. , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Rehfuess Eva , Voss Stephan , Jung-Sievers Caroline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Containment measures have restricted social development, education and recreational activities, may have increased family conflicts and, in many cases, led to feelings of loneliness, sleep disturbances, symptoms of anxiety and depression. We conducted a systematic review to identify interventions that seek to ameliorate these detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and to build resilience in children and adolescents. Literature searches were conducted in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease and Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (up to 30 June 2022). The searches retrieved 9557 records of which we included 13 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) for evidence synthesis. Included studies predominantly implemented online group sessions for school-aged children with either a psychological component, a physical activity component, or a combination of both. A meta-analysis of seven studies on anxiety and five on depressive symptoms provided evidence for a positive effect of interventions by reducing anxiety (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) (95% CI): − 0.33 (− 0.59; − 0.06)) and depressive symptoms (SMD (95% CI): − 0.26 (− 0.36; − 0.16)) compared to the control interventions. Studies also showed improvements in positive mental health outcomes, such as resilience (n = 2) and mental and psychological wellbeing (n = 2). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested a greater effectiveness of interventions that (i) are of higher frequency and duration, (ii) enable personal interaction (face-to-face or virtually), and (iii) include a physical activity component. Almost all studies were judged to be at high risk of bias and showed considerable heterogeneity. Further research may focus on the contribution of different intervention components or distinct subgroups and settings, and should examine children and adolescents over longer follow-up periods.