bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Children and Adolescents Attending the Psychiatry Outpatient Service of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhurtel Srijana , Gautam Rinku , Adhikari Baikuntha Raj , Shakya Dhana Ratna , Kumar Rajesh , Deo Binod , Rana Asmita 
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study aims to find out the socio-demographic and clinical profile of children and adolescents attending psychiatry outpatient service of a tertiary-level hospital in Nepal.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the psychiatry outpatient department from Sep 2017 to Sep 2018.
Methodology: All children and adolescents, aged 6 years to 18 years, visiting the psychiatry outpatient department registered as new cases were included in the study. Epidemiological profiles and clinical characteristics (psychiatric diagnosis, age, sex, ethnicity, occupation, education geographical areas, family characteristics) were noted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Psychiatric diagnosis was made based on ICD-11 criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 14.07 years ± 3.43 (mean ± SD). Psychiatric disorders were most common in children and adolescents of 16-19 years of age group followed by the 11-15 years of age group. Majorities of the patients were male (52.1%), and Hindu (87.2%). More than 85% of the patients had received some level of education. Most resided in rural areas (43.2%) and nuclear families (54.7%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depressive disorder (21.6%) followed by Dissociative disorder (16.15%.), and Panic disorder (10.16%). Thirteen percent of the patients presented with a history of intentional self-harm, 19.5% had a positive family history of mental illness, and 18% had emotional difficulties with their parents. There was a history of alcohol use in the family in 17.2% and family conflicts in 14.1% of cases.
Conclusion: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in the pediatric age group. Adolescents of the elder age group and male gender constitute the major proportion of patients with psychiatric morbidity. Positive family history of mental illness and emotional difficulties with the parents were the most commonly seen family characteristics.
Comparison between Efficacy of Carboxytherapy, Plasma Gel Injection and Mesotherapy in Treatment of Periorbital Dark Circles
Authors: Mohamed Shalash Aya , Moustafa Fawzy Mohamed , Naiem Elfar Nashwa , Ramzy Ghaly Nahla 
Published: January 2023

Background: Periorbital dark circles (PODC) is also recognized as periorbital melanosis, dark eye circles, and infraorbital darkness. It`s a public cosmetic skin disorder with relative darkness of the periorbital areas. This condition affects both sexes, it gets worse by aging which makes people look tired and older, so it has a negative effect on the quality of life, particularly in Women.
Methods: This comparative, simple randomized, controlled study was carried out on 30 patients with presented with periorbital dark circles did not receive any treatment 3 months before joining the study. The patients were equally allocated into three groups Group A: treated with bilateral injection of PRP gel, Group B: treated with bilateral intradermal injection of CO2 with carboxytherapy machine and Group C: treated with intradermal injection of vitamin C. All patients received 4 sessions with 2 weeks a part.
All patients were subjected to complete history taking, general and dermatological examination and clinical assessment was done for all patients to determine the type of dark circles.
Results: The improvement of PODC in Plasma gel injection and carboxytherapy mesotherapy were excellent in (50%) and (40%) in vitamin C group. There was gradual improvement of PODC with time, but recurrence rate of the studied groups after 6 months was 40%, 30%, 60% in group A, B and C respectively, showing higher recurrence rate in group C patients treated with vitamin C mesotherapy.
Conclusions: Gel injection, carboxytherapy and vitamin C mesotherapy were effective and safe therapeutic modalities in treatment of PODC.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Safe Disposal of Unused and Expired Pharmaceutical Products among Pharmacy Students
Authors: Muppa Leena , Thenmozhi G. , Priyadharshini V. , Meenatchi R. , Rajmahizhan T. 
Published: January 2023

Pharmaceuticals are produced and consumed in greater quantities every year. Unfortunately, not all medicines given to patients are used up; significant amounts are left unused or expired. The accumulation of medications in the home and the improper Disposal of unused medications can result in inappropriate medication sharing, unintentional childhood poisonings, and the diversion of medicines for illegal use.
Aims: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice on safe Disposal of unused and expired pharmaceutical products among pharmacy students, and to assess the most common categories of drug products that are kept unused at home, the reasons for stocking up and the most preferred ways to dispose of them.
Study Design: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacy students during the period of March 2022 to August 2022.
Methodology: We included 402 students (209 male, 193 females; age range 18-25 years) from different pharmacy departments (D. Pharm, B, Pharm and Pharm. D). Data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to summarize the data.
Results: A total of 402 pharmacy students participated in the study. Among the study participants, approximately 81% of the respondents had leftover medicines at home and the most common types of medicines kept in households were NSAIDS (29.89%) followed by antibiotics (24.06%). The most preferred ways of disposing of both unused and expired medicines among the study population were throwing them away in household garbage (55.5%) and disposing of them in their original package and dosage form (22.60%).
Conclusion: The majority of the students were aware of the adverse effects of unsafe Disposal of leftover medicines and they mentioned the need for schemes like drug takeback programs to encourage safe Disposal. Though respondents had good knowledge, the right attitude toward and practice of safe Disposal of medicines were lacking.
Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis, and Other Drug Use in the US Before and During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Compton Wilson M. , Flannagan Kerry S. J. , Silveira Marushka L. , Creamer MeLisa R. , Kimmel Heather L. , Kanel Moana , Blanco Carlos , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceInformation about national substance use trends among youths and adults after mid-March 2020 is limited due to constraints on surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether substance use prevalence in the early part of the pandemic (2020) differed from the prepandemic periods of 2018 to 2019 and 2016 to 2018.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was a repeated analysis of 2016 to 2020 data from a nationally representative sample of youths and adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Participants were representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. Household residents age 13 years or older were interviewed in person from 2016 to 2019 and via telephone in 2020.ExposuresAge, calendar year.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPast 30-day self-reported use of any tobacco, any alcohol, binge drinking, cannabis, and any other illegal or misused prescription drugs.ResultsThe overall nationally representative 2020 sample included 7129 youths (ages 13-17 years), 3628 young adults (ages 18-20 years), and 8874 adults (ages ≥21 years). Comparing 2018 to 2019 with 2020 among youths, prevalence of all substances used declined (eg, cannabis use declined in those aged 16-17 years from 14.9% to 7.6%; absolute difference, −7.3 percentage points [95% CI −8.8 to −5.8 percentage points]). Among young adults, prevalence of all substances other than any alcohol decreased significantly (eg, tobacco use declined from 37.8% to 22.8%; absolute difference, −15.1 percentage points [95% CI −16.8 to −13.3 percentage points]). In adults ages 21 to 24 years, any tobacco use declined from 39.0% to 30.9% (absolute difference, −8.2 percentage points [95% CI, −10.6 to −5.7 percentage points]), and alcohol use increased from 60.2% to 65.2% (absolute difference, 5.0 percentage points [95% CI, 2.3 to 7.7 percentage points]). Among adults aged 25 years or older, any tobacco use declined from 39.0% to 30.9% (absolute difference, −8.2 percentage points [95% CI, −10.6 to −5.7 percentage points]), cannabis use increased from 11.3% to 12.4% (absolute difference, 1.2 percentage points [95% CI, 0.3 to 2.0 percentage points]), and other substance use declined from 5.8% to 3.7% (absolute difference, −2.1 percentage points [95% CI, −2.9 to −1.4 percentage points]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, substance use decreased between 2019 and 2020 among those aged 13 to 20 years; consistent declines were not seen in older persons other than tobacco use reductions, and cannabis use increased among adults ages 25 years and older. While social changes during the COVID-19 pandemic could have affected substance use, findings should be interpreted with caution due to differences in data collection methods in 2016 to 2019 and 2020.
Porous Organic Cage Induced Spontaneous Restructuring of Buried Interface Toward High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic
Authors: Gao Feng , Luo Chao , Wang Xianjin , Zhan Changling , Li Yang , Li Yiming , Meng Qingbo , Yang Miao , Su Kongzhao , Yuan Daqiang , Zhu Rui , Zhao Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the buried interface containing high concentrations of defects is critical for efficient charge extraction toward high‐performance device. Herein, porous organic cage (POC) is introduced between tin dioxide and perovskite to spontaneously reconstitute the buried interface. Through the chemical linkage formed by polydentate chelation of POC with SnO2 and perovskite, the buried interface achieves greatly reduced defect density and enhanced carrier extraction. More importantly, it is found that iodide ions in aged devices to migrate down to the electron transport layer and even invade the ITO electrode, changing the work function of ITO. This detrimental effect can be well resolved by POC since the host‐guest interaction of POC can effectively suppress the iodide ions trying to migrate downward. As a result, the PSC fabricated by POC‐restructured strategy yields a superior PCE of 24.13%. Moreover, the unencapsulated PSCs exhibit conspicuous improved long‐term stability and retain 93% of its initial efficiency after 5000 h in ambient condition.
Kinetically Accelerating Elementary Steps via Bridged Ru‐H State for the Hydrogen‐Evolution in Anion‐Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer
Authors: Wang Kexin , Cao Junhui , Yang Xiaoxuan , Sang Xiahan , Yao Siyu , Xiang Rong , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , O'Carroll Thomas , Zhang Qinghua , Lei Lecheng , Wu Gang , Hou Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDesigning hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for facilitating its sluggish adsorption kinetics is crucial in generating green hydrogen via sustainable water electrolysis. Herein, a high‐performance ultra‐low Ruthenium (Ru) catalyst is developed consisting of atomically‐layered Ru nanoclusters with adjacent single Ru sites, which executs a bridging‐Ru‐H activation strategy to kinetically accelerate the HER elementary steps. Owing to its optimal electronic structure and unique adsorption configuration, the hybrid Ru catalyst simultaneously displayed a drastically reduced overpotential of 16 mV at 10 mA cm−2 as well as a low Tafel slope of 35.2 mV dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte. When further coupled with a commercial IrO2 anode catalyst, the ensembled anion‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer achievs a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 at a voltage of only 1.70 Vcell. In situ spectroscopic analysis verified that Ru single atom and atomically‐layered Ru nanoclusters in the hybrid materials play a critical role in facilitating water dissociation and weakening *H adsorption, respectively. Theoretical calculations further elucidate the underlaying mechanism, suggesting that the dissociated proton at the single atom Ru site orients itself adjacently with Ru nanoclusters in a bridged structure through targeted charge transfer, thus promoting Volmer‐Heyrovsky dynamics and boosting the HER activity.
Water as the Only Solvent for CsPbCl3 and NIR‐Emitting CsPbCl3:Yb3+ Films by Antisolvent‐Enhanced Crystallization in Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Becerril Luis , Balderas Jesús , Hernández Jorge , Rodríguez Bibiana , Alonso Juan , Falcony Ciro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. However, thin film synthesis has essential issues such as chemical stability, toxicity, and processability. In this work, a green synthesis approach using water as the only solvent to deposit CsPbCl3 and CsPbCl3:Yb3+ films by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique under ambient atmospheric conditions, is proposed. X‐ray diffraction pattern and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirm the phase purity and negligible degradation by using water during deposition. Moreover, CsPb2Cl5 secondary phase is detected as a substitution and anchoring doped mechanism response for doped materials. Additionally, green antisolvents (alcohols and propan‐2‐one) are used to assist the crystallization process; all the green antisolvents result in an increased substrate coverage, highlighting those with high boiling points and low heat of combustion that promote heterogeneous nucleation. As‐deposited films show a photoluminescent excitonic emission peak around 418 nm and an additional peak at 984 nm emission band associated with the Yb3+ infrared 2F5/2 to 2F7/2 transitions for doped materials. Near infra‐red photoluminescence emission is notably improved upon antisolvent assistance up to a threefold increase for ethanol, reaching a photoluminescence quantum yield of 33.94% at low Yb3+ concentration.
Decoupling Accurate Electrochemical Behaviors for High‐Capacity Electrodes via Reviving Three‐Electrode Vehicles
Authors: Qin Nan , Jin Liming , Xing Guangguang , Wu Qiang , Zheng Junsheng , Zhang Cunman , Chen Zonghai , Zheng Jim P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping high‐capacity electrodes requires the evaluation of electrochemical behaviors with an increasing current density. Currently, the current density for evaluation of high‐capacity electrodes has reached a new stage where the polarization at the lithium counter electrode has become a technical barrier for the accurate evaluation of battery electrodes, resulting in severe performance and mechanism mischaracterizations. Here, the accurate electrochemical behavior for high‐capacity electrodes via a single‐channel three‐electrode vehicle is decoupled, by which the impact of lithium counter electrode is minimized. The testing high‐capacity graphite electrode is capable of delivering an excellent rate capability with 81.7% capacity retention at 0.3 C, as well as stable cycling performance retaining 97.5% practical reversible capacity after 225 cycles, much higher than the graphite electrode tested with traditional half‐cell testing vehicle but in close agreement with the results obtained from a well‐matched full cell, reflecting accurate electrochemical performance evaluations of high‐capacity electrodes. Moreover, detailed electrochemical mechanisms of impedance and diffusion properties for working electrodes are also successfully decoupled individually. This work uncovers the mismatch between traditional evaluation configuration and increasing testing current density and provides a guideline for accurate electrochemical evaluation for ever‐increasing high‐capacity electrodes, which is of great significance for high‐energy lithium or other alkali‐metal ion batteries.
Implementation of a pediatric in situ, train‐the‐trainer simulation program in general emergency departments
Authors: Schertzer Kimberly , Wang N. Ewen , Khanna Kajal , Lee Moon O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost children receive emergency care in general emergency departments (EDs). Pediatric resuscitations require specific equipment and weight‐based dosing that may be less familiar to general ED healthcare professionals. In situ simulation (ISS) improves teamwork and problem solving, and it may identify latent safety threats. This innovative program brought academic faculty to participating hospitals and taught simulation principles in a small‐group environment. This format removed many of the barriers to implementing simulations for general EDs and was intended to teach principles for utilizing simulation to meet unique departmental needs.MethodsUsing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework, ED teams at eight hospitals participated in a train‐the‐trainer program from 2016 to 2020 intended to help them implement their own ISSs. Training covered benefits of ISS, use of simulation for identifying latent safety threats, debriefing principles, and potential safety risks of ISS. Faculty also provided on‐site mentoring during the implementation phase. We identified factors and barriers that contributed to the successful adoption of an ISS program.ResultsMost hospitals continued their ISS program after the study ended. Several themes emerged as pearls and pitfalls to implementing a train‐the‐trainer program. Successful teams had strong nursing and physician leadership participation, and team members had positive working relationships with early positive feedback which encouraged future ISS implementation. Barriers to simulation included high staff turnover of nurses and physicians as well as social distancing protocols related to infection control.ConclusionsAcademic EDs can partner with general EDs to implement a train‐the‐trainer simulation program. We describe facilitators and barriers to implementing a train‐the‐trainer ISS program in general EDs to improve emergency care for high‐risk, low‐frequency events.
Visible light‐catalyzed living cationic homopolymerization and copolymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether: Characteristics and mechanism
Authors: Feng Xiaohu , Liu Ruofan , Shao Lei , Xu Xinghang , Jin Yushun , Shi Qisong , Wu Yibo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOn the basis of synthesizing a highly efficient chain‐transfer agent ethyl (1‐isobutoxyethyl) carbonotrithioate(CTA), living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) was successfully initiated by visible light catalysis. The random copolymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether and propyl vinyl ether (PVE), cyclohexyl vinyl ether (CyVE), and 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) was achieved on the basis of investigating the reactivity ratios of vinyl ether monomers. The influence of photocatalyst (PC) concentration and wavelength on the copolymerizations was investigated. It was found that high PC concentration results in a fast polymerization rate. The wavelength of the blue LED was most suitable for this reaction system. This photocatalytic reaction provides a new way for molecular design of cationic polymerization.
The synthesis of triazine‐based conjugated microporous polymers via nucleophilic substitution reactions for fluorescence sensing to o‐nitrophenol
Authors: Wang Kang , Geng Tong‐Mou , Xu Heng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractO‐nitrophenol (o‐NP) is a toxic substance that pollutes the environment and harms human health. Therefore, the development of materials for the efficient detection of o‐NP has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Triazine‐based porous organic materials are a kind of porous polymer materials with broad application prospects because of their physical and chemical stability. In this paper, two triazine‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing π‐π conjugated structures, TDAPT and HDAPT, are prepared by nucleophilic substitution reactions with the yields of 89.9% and 67.7%, respectively. Through a series of characterization, it is found that both triazine‐based CMPs have good chemical and thermal stabilities, and high pore properties, and their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas are as high as 1314 and 1315 m2 g−1, respectively. At the same time, the fluorescence sensing abilities of TDAPT and HDAPT are studied. The results show that both TDAPT and HDAPT have high sensitivities to o‐NP, their KSV values are 9.8 × 103 and 9.7 × 103 L mol−1 and limits of detection (LODs) are 7.42 × 10−11 and 8.17 × 10−11 mol L−1, respectively. The fluorescence quenching of TDAPT by o‐NP is only caused by the electron transfer mechanism, while the fluorescence quenching of HDAPT by o‐NP has both the electron transfer mechanism and the energy transfer mechanism.
Garment ageing in a laundry care process under household‐like conditions
Authors: Heller Claudia , Altmann Korinna , Braun Ulrike , Kerndorff Alexander , Bannick Claus Gerhard , Fuchs Monika , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study reflects typical consumer textile washing behaviour while taking into account existing standards in the household appliance and garment industries. Two garments were washed repeatedly with artificial dirt and detergent 30 times. The collected washing water was separated using fractional filtration. Textile physical tests were used to follow property changes of the garments, the microplastic release is determined using thermoextraction/desorbtion–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the total organic carbon was measured as a sum parameter for the organic bonded carbon. This article shows the importance of a reality‐based approach when investigating microplastics of textile origin in the laundry care process. Deposits of detergent and dirt on the textiles were detected. The total mass of sieve residues was much higher than the release of synthetic polymers. The cotton content of the garments causes a much higher fibre release than synthetic fibres. Both will lead to false results by purely gravimetric analysis because nonpolymer fibres will be included microplastic mass. The results cannot be generalised only by the main polymer type, knowledge of the textile construction must be included for final evaluation.
Controlling Exchange Interactions and Emergent Magnetic Phenomena in Layered 3d‐Orbital Ferromagnets
Authors: Bi Xiangyu , Qiu Caiyu , Qin Feng , Huang Junwei , Yuan Hongtao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLayered 3d‐orbital ferromagnet is an ideal research platform to experimentally achieve intrinsic 2D ferromagnetism and theoretically study the quantum nature of magnetic exchange interactions therein. A variety of magnetic phases can emerge from the strongly correlated feature of 3d‐orbital electrons, in which their exchange interactions can be effectively modulated by various kinds of external stimuli. Therefore, controlling the emergent magnetic phenomena of layered 3d‐orbital ferromagnets is significant in both fundamental science and practical applications. Considering the roles of magnetic exchange interactions, this review summarizes recent progress in controlling the emergent magnetic properties of layered 3d‐orbital ferromagnets by systematically introducing modulation methods, underlying mechanisms, and device applications. The existing challenges and future prospects for this research field are also outlined, shedding light on finding optimized magnetic materials, exploring powerful modulation techniques, and designing multifunctional new concept devices.