bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser with switchable channel spacing
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Ting , Hao You-Zeng , Bai Hua-Yu , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Chen You-Ling , Huang Yong-Zhen 
Published: February 2023

A multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (MBFL) with a switchable channel spacing is demonstrated using a 1.55-µm single-mode AlGaInAs/InP hybrid square–rectangular laser as a seeding source. The scheme employs a highly nonlinear fiber loop with a feedback path to generate a 10-GHz-spacing MBFL. Then, assisted by a tunable optical bandpass filter, MBFLs with spacing from 20 GHz to 100 GHz at a step of 10 GHz are generated in another highly nonlinear fiber loop based on the cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. More than 60 lasing lines with an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 10 dB are obtained successfully in all the switchable spacings. The total output power and the channel spacing of the MBFLs are proved to be stable.
Spectral shaping of an ultrafast ytterbium fiber laser via a passive intracavity optical filter: a simple and reliable route to sub-45  fs pulses
Authors: Cooper Nicholas D. , Ta Uyen M. , Reber Melanie A. R. 
Published: February 2023

We investigate the use of passive intracavity optical filters for
controlling the laser output spectrum of a polarization-mode-locked,
ultrafast ytterbium fiber laser. The overall lasing bandwidth is
increased or extended by strategic choice of the filter cutoff
frequency. Overall laser performance, including pulse compression and
intensity noise, is investigated for both shortpass and longpass
filters with a range of cutoff frequencies. The intracavity filter not
only shapes the output spectra, but also provides a route for overall
broader bandwidths and shorter pulses in ytterbium fiber lasers. These
results demonstrate that spectral shaping with a passive filter is a
useful tool to routinely achieve sub-45 fs pulse durations in
ytterbium fiber lasers.
Optical Testing Using Moire Deflectometry
Authors: Kafri O. , Livnat A. 
Published: February 2023

We have recently suggested a method for measuring the deflection of rays of collimated light beams(1). The method is based on change in moire pattern due to ray deflection. It is diffraction-limited, so that, it obeys the uncertainty principle(2) expressed by :
Where Δy is the spatial resolution in the y direction and Δϕ is the minimun measurable deflection angle. Ray deflections can be obtained quantitatively and in a straight forward fashion from the distorted fringes of the moire pattern. For example, with λ= 0.6μm and spatial resolution of 1mm one can measure Δϕ = 6.10-5 rad.
Precision Ellipsometric Investigation of Polished Optical Glasses
Authors: Linder Michael 
Published: February 2023

Surface modification layers on optical glasses are investigated by means of MAI-MWL (multiple angle of incidence, multiple wavelength) ellipsometry. These modifications in the near-surface region are caused by polishing and cleaning processes.
The device used is a special ellipsometer arrangement using only absolutely necessary elements but allowing fast and very accurate measurements, especially for ultra-thin films. While the basic principle was reported in a previous paper /1/, further improvements of device and evaluation techniques are described. The latter will mainly include residual roughness, which cannot be neglected for the ultra-weak modification layers.
Modern Design of Unifocal Lenses
Authors: Ahsbahs F. , Mercier J.L. 
Published: February 2023

An unifocal ophthalmic lens is an optical system, in which image formation follows the same rules just as in classical optical design applied to zooms or telescopes.
The geometrical model is sufficient, in most cases, for predicting the images, so the designer has to cope with classical chromatic and geometric aberrations.
We will describe the philosophy of the modern software tools for automatic optical design by optimization, which are the unique way to design complex aspheric modern lenses.
Some Non-Conventional Types of Varifocal Spectacle Lens
Authors: Fowler C W , Pateras E S 
Published: February 2023

The origins of varifocal spectacle lenses go hack a long way, the patent of Aves (1907) Being generally accepted, as the first practical design of lens. Varifocals as we know them today Began with the Varilux design from Bernard Maitenaz in the late nineteen-fifties. The original Varilux demonstrated three main features:
1) Stable distance power over the upper half of the lens.
2) Starting near the mid point of the lens, a narrow central progressive power corridor leads into a stable reading area at the bottom of the lens.
3) Complete 'invisibility' of the power zones giving rise to a single vision type appearance.
Determination of the Dynamic Viscosity of Selected Transparent Liquids Using Dynamic Light Scattering
Authors: Will S. , Kraft K. , Leipertz A. 
Published: February 2023

Dynamic light scattering has been used successfully for the determination of various thermophysical properties of fluids, e.g., thermal diffusivity, sound velocity and binary diffusion coefficient. The applicability to measuring dynamic viscosities has been shown, e.g., by Brunson and Byers [1]. Basis of the measurement is the Stokes-Einstein formula
Here, η is the viscosity required and d is the hydrodynamic diameter of the spherical particles suspended. Viscosity measurements preferrably make use of monodisperse particles. Thus no integration over particle sizes is necessary. The particle diffusion coefficient D and the modulus q of the scattering vector of the optical arrangement form the decay constant in the autocorrelation function measured, τc = (2q2D)−1. From this value η can be determined for known temperature T.
Photorefractive spatial light modulation by anisotropic self-diffraction In KNbO3 - crystals
Authors: Voit E. , Günter P. 
Published: February 2023

In this contribution we analyze the configuration for anisotropic self-diffraction in KNbO3. First applications of this effect in spatial light modulators and incoherent- to-coherent converters are described.
Anisotropic Bragg diffraction can occur if off-diagonal elements of the electro optic tensor are involved in the grating formation. In KNbO3 this is the case for r42=380pm/V and r51 =105pm/V (for λ=633nm) [1,2].
High Resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Jalufka Nelson W. 
Published: February 2023

Water vapor is an important species in the earths atmosphere. It plays a major role in many atmospheric processes including weather, climate and atmospheric photochemistry. The distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere is highly variable and if we are to relate its variability to atmospheric effects, its spatial and temporal variability must be understood.
Remote measurements of water vapor distribution in the atmosphere frequently relies on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques. These techniques require accurate spectroscopic data for the species of interest. These data include line position (wavelength) , absorption coefficients, pressure broadening parameters and pressure shift parameters. Temperature effects on these parameters is also important as it is more convenient to work with spectral lines which are relatively insensitive to temperature variations.
DIAL measurements must be made in a spectral region where the absorption cross sections have appropriate values for the density and measurement range of interest Optimum measurements are made in the range where the optical depth (one way) has a value near unity. To extend Dial measurements of water vapor into the stratosphere, where water vapor is less dense than in the troposphere, the water vapor band in the region of 940 nm is appropriate due to its stronger absorption.
Study protocol for cholera vaccination as a model to measure the inflammatory response in the gut: A case of modulation with a Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysate
Authors: Park Min Young , Park Soo-yeon , Hartog Anita , van Hoffen Els , Kardinaal Alwine , Kim Joohee , Choi Hee Jung , Kwon Oran , Kim Ji Yeon 
Published: February 2023

It is crucial for human health that the immune system of the gastrointestinal tract works effectively. Dietary modulation is one of the factors that regulate the immune response in the gut. This study aims to develop a safe human challenge model to study gastrointestinal inflammation and immune function. This study focuses on evaluating gut stimulation induced by the oral cholera vaccine in healthy people. In addition, this paper describes the study design for assessing the efficacy and safety of a probiotic lysate, identifying whether functional ingredients in food can modulate inflammatory response induced by oral cholera vaccine. Forty-six males aged 20 to 50 with healthy bowel habits will be randomly allocated to the placebo or intervention group. Participants will consume 1 capsule of probiotic lysate or placebo twice daily for 6 weeks, take oral cholera vaccines on visit 2 (day 15) and visit 5 (day 29). The level of fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, will be the primary outcome. The changes of cholera toxin-specific antibody levels and local/systemic inflammatory responses will be evaluated in blood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate gut stimulation of the oral cholera vaccine and investigate the effect of a probiotic lysate on improving the mild inflammatory response induced by the vaccine or supporting the immune response in healthy subjects.
Trial registration: * This trial is registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of WHO (ICTRP, registration number: KCT0002589).
Inflation in North America: A Critical Review and Analysis of the Year 2022
Authors: Mbah Ruth Endam , Hultquist Laura , Repp Rande 
Published: February 2023

The year 2022 has been a year of unprecedented change and global unrest. The world is still struggling to recover from the first global pandemic in over a century and the coordinated global response thereof which changed both the social and the economic landscapes. Amid this recovery, the world economy has been hit by the Russia-Ukraine war, the effect of climate change on agriculture, citizen unrest and leadership changes in nations across the globe, global supply-chain disruptions, and record-high inflation. This review presents a comparative analysis of the causes/impacts of inflation during 2022 in North America as well as discusses mitigation strategies proposed by the nations therein. Monetarism is used to review North America’s responses to the high inflation rates. Findings indicate that the causes for inflation in North America were very similar for all three countries. These causes included disruption in the supply chain, an excessive rise in demand over supply, the impact of the Russian-Ukraine war, the lingering effects of the governmental response to Covid-19, a tight labor market, expansionary monetary policies by the central banks, and the global impact of drought on agriculture. Our findings also show that the impact of this record-high inflation aligned across all three countries like elevated food prices, housing/rental costs, energy costs, gas prices, household operational costs, healthcare insurance, education cost, and increased poverty, especially among low and fixed-income earners. The central banks of all three countries are using monetary policies to mitigate the situation by increasing their interest rates. However, monetary policies on their own cannot solve the situation and must be complemented by fiscal policies. This can be evidenced by the intervention of all three governments in the high-inflation challenge. Nevertheless, this review is limited to North America, thus, it will be essential for future research to focus on other countries and regional blogs.
A network of allostructions: quantified subject constructions in Russian
Authors: Nesset Tore , Janda Laura A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to Construction Grammar, historical linguistics, and Russian linguistics through an in-depth corpus study of predicate agreement in constructions with quantified subjects. Statistical analysis of approximately 39,000 corpus examples indicates that these constructions constitute a network of constructions (“allostructions”) with various preferences for singular or plural agreement. Factors pull in different directions, and we observe a relatively stable situation in the face of variation. We present an analysis of a multidimensional network of allostructions in Russian, thus contributing to our understanding of allostructional relationships in Construction Grammar. With regard to historical linguistics, language stability is an understudied field. We illustrate an interplay of divergent factors that apparently resists language change. The syntax of numerals and other quantifiers represents a notoriously complex phenomenon of the Russian language. Our study sheds new light on the contributions of factors that favor singular or plural agreement in sentences with quantified subjects.
Moduli spaces of complex affine and dilation surfaces
Authors: Apisa Paul , Bainbridge Matt , Wang Jane 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We construct moduli spaces of complex affine and dilation surfaces. Using ideas of Veech [W. A. Veech, Flat surfaces,
Amer. J. Math. 115 1993, 3, 589–689], we show that the moduli space

𝒜

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{A}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

of genus g affine surfaces with cone points of complex order

𝒎
=

(

m
1

⁢
…

,

m
n

)

{\boldsymbol{m}=(m_{1}\ldots,m_{n})}

is a holomorphic affine bundle over

ℳ

g
,
n

{\mathcal{M}_{g,n}}

, and the moduli space

𝒟

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{D}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

of dilation surfaces is a covering space of

ℳ

g
,
n

{\mathcal{M}_{g,n}}

.
We then classify the connected components of

𝒟

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{D}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

and show that it is an orbifold-

K
⁢

(
G
,
1
)

{K(G,1)}

, where G is the framed mapping class group of [A. Calderon and N. Salter, Framed mapping class groups and the monodromy of strata of Abelian differentials,
preprint 2020].
The WHO-5 well-being questionnaire in type 1 diabetes: screening for depression in pediatric and young adult subjects
Authors: Tittel Sascha René , Kulzer Bernhard , Warschburger Petra , Merz Ulrich , Galler Angela , Wagner Christian , Plaumann Maike , Siegel Erhard , Holl Reinhard Walter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the WHO-5 tool in pediatric and young adult subjects with type 1 diabetes, and to analyse associations with demographic/psychological characteristics.

Methods
We included 944 patients with type 1 diabetes 9–25 years of age, documented in the Diabetes Patient Follow-up Registry between 2018 and 2021. We used ROC curve analysis to determine optimal cut-off values for the WHO-5 scores to predict psychiatric comorbidity (ICD-10-diagnoses) and analysed associations with obesity, HbA1c, therapy regimen, and lifestyle via logistic regression. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration.

Results
In the total cohort (54.8% male), the median score was 17 [Q1-Q3: 13–20]. Adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the WHO-5 scores<13 were associated with psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and ADHD, poor metabolic control, obesity, smoking, and less physical activity. There were no significant associations with therapy regimen, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or social deprivation. In subjects with any diagnosed psychiatric disorder (prevalence 12.2%), the odds ratio for conspicuous scores was 3.28 [2.16–4.97] compared to patients without mental disorders. Using ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off to anticipate any psychiatric comorbidity in our cohort was 15, and 14 for depression.

Conclusions
The WHO-5 questionnaire is a useful tool to predict depression in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ROC analysis suggests a slightly higher cut-off for conspicuous questionnaire results compared to previous reports. Due to the high rate of deviant results, adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes should be screened regularly for signs of psychiatric comorbidity.
The impact of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Min Alice K. , Keane Aislinn M. , Weinstein Matthew Paltiel , Swartz Talia H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a chronic disease that afflicts over 38 million people worldwide without a known cure. The advent of effective antiretroviral therapies (ART) has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection in people living with HIV-1 (PWH), thanks to durable virologic suppression. Despite this, people with HIV-1 experience chronic inflammation associated with co-morbidities. While no single known mechanism accounts for chronic inflammation, there is significant evidence to support the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key driver. Numerous studies have demonstrated therapeutic impact of cannabinoids, including exerting modulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Given the high rates of cannabinoid use in PWH, it is of great interest to understand the intersecting biology of the role of cannabinoids in HIV-1-associated inflammasome signaling. Here we describe the literature of chronic inflammation in people with HIV, the therapeutic impact of cannabinoids in PWH, endocannabinoids in inflammation, and HIV-1-associated inflammation. We describe a key interaction between cannabinoids, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and HIV-1 viral infection, which supports further investigation of the critical role of cannabinoids in HIV-1 infection and inflammasome signaling.
Beyond Administrative Criteria: The Patterns of the Recognition of Quality in the Humanities
Authors: Kirtiklis Kęstas , Gedutis Aldis 
Published: February 2023

The present article seeks to discern the criteria or the quality of research, formulated and accepted within the scholarly community of the humanities. We argue that the scholars implicitly use these criteria opposing administrative evaluation. The analysis of these criteria revealed that they might be summarized in three broad categories – the novelty (originality, innovativeness) of the research; the excellence of the researcher (ability to conduct and describe the research); and the impact (academic as well as social-political). We argue that relevant criteria for the administrative evaluation of research in the humanities should draw on these perspectives.
Exploring Gender Stereotypes among Prospective Foster Families
Authors: Yaroshenko Alla , Semigina Tetyana 
Published: February 2023

One of the acute social work issues in Ukraine is the deinstitutionalization of care for orphans and children left without parental care and the introduction of family care models. It is known that the success of such models largely depends on the motivations and values that inspire parents to place children, the socio-psychological characteristics of family members, gender aspects such as the distribution of household workload, the involvement of men in performing housework and care for children and so on.
Building on social role theory, we examine gender stereotypes of prospective foster parents in Kyiv, Ukraine. The exploration of femininity and masculinity stereotypes was carried out using the Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), while the assessment of ambivalent sexism in the attitudes toward women and men was done through using a short version of the methodology of Glick and Fiske (1996). 83 paricipants of the mandatory trainings for prospective foster parents were questioned.
Our study reveals that the prospective foster parents hold a biased set of beliefs. Almost a third of respondents’ responses concerning women show high indicators on the femininity scale and concerning men – on the masculinity scale. Also, respondents demonstrate a greater extent of benevolent rather than hostile sexism and describe a generalized image of women and men as androgynous individuals. High levels of hostility to feminism, especially among women, have been reported.
Ukraine has all legal grounds for gender equality. Thus, from the intersectional point of view, the study results highlight the impact of culture and social norms on perceptions of gender and gender stereotyping.
The paper ends with suggestions on training programs for both prospective foster parents and social workers, enchancing egalitarian family patterns and agency of women.
Біосенсорика — сучасний напрям аналітичної біотехнології
Authors: Дзядевич Сергій Вікторович 
Published: February 2023

У доповіді наведено результати досліджень, що проводяться в Інституті молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України в галузі біосенсорики. Роботи за цим напрямом сконцентровані на вивченні фізико-хімічних та біохімічних процесів у біомембранах та електрохімічній комірці, розробленні теоретичних і технологічних засад аналітичного використання ензимів для створення біосенсорів, застосуванні сучасних електрохімічних методів та математичних підходів до дослідження складних біофізичних систем. Розроблено різні типи біосенсорів, які є вкрай необхідними для аналітичної практики та експресного аналізу в медицині, екології, хімічній та фармацевтичній промисловості тощо.
Цитування: Дзядевич С.В. Біосенсорика — сучасний напрям аналітичної біотехнології. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 50—54. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.050
Мас-спектрометричні дослідження в технології виготовлення багатоелементних ІЧ-фотоприймачів на основі антимоніду індію
Authors: Дубіковський Олександр Володимирович 
Published: February 2023

Розроблено чисельну процедуру розрахунків вольт-амперних характеристик, яку застосовано для аналізу InSb-діода з p-n-переходом. Визначено оптимальний профіль легування елекрично активної домішки. Показано, що для досягнення високої ефективності фотодетектування потрібно застосовувати мультиенергетичну іонну імплантацію з енергією від 20 до 200 кеВ. Відповідну технологію було реалізовано. На різних етапах процесу використовували методи мас-спектрометрії вторинних іонів, що дало можливість коригувати технологічні параметри, зокрема контролювати профілі розподілу домішок. Встановлено, що оксиди індію та антимоніду, а також сегрегація антимоніду призводять до витоків струму. Знайдено режими додаткової обробки, які знижують такі паразитні ефекти. Досліджено процеси пасивації діодних структур і показано, що оптимальними покриттями є плівки нітриду кремнію. Розроблено технологію та виготовлено експериментальні зразки фотодіодів.
Цитування: Дубіковський О.В. Мас-спектрометричні дослідження в технології виготовлення багатоелементних ІЧ-фотоприймачів на основі антимоніду індію. Вісник НАН України. 2023. № 2. С. 79—84. https://doi.org/10.15407/visn2023.02.079