bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratracheal budesonide mixed with surfactant to increase survival free of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants: study protocol for the international, multicenter, randomized PLUSS trial
Authors: Manley Brett J. , Kamlin C. Omar F. , Donath Susan , Huang Li , Birch Pita , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Dargaville Peter A. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Doyle Lex W. , Jacobs Susan E. , Wilson Rodney , Davis Peter G. , McKinlay Christopher J. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), an inflammatory-mediated chronic lung disease, is common in extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks’ gestation and is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes in childhood. Effective and safe prophylactic therapies for BPD are urgently required. Systemic corticosteroids reduce rates of BPD in the short-term but are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes if given to ventilated infants in the first week after birth. Intratracheal administration of corticosteroid admixed with exogenous surfactant could overcome these concerns by minimizing systemic sequelae. Several small, randomized trials have found intratracheal budesonide in a surfactant vehicle to be a promising therapy to increase survival free of BPD.MethodsAn international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial of intratracheal budesonide (a corticosteroid) mixed with surfactant for extremely preterm infants to increase survival free of BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA; primary outcome). Extremely preterm infants aged < 48 h after birth are eligible if: (1) they are mechanically ventilated, or (2) they are receiving non-invasive respiratory support and there is a clinical decision to treat with surfactant. The intervention is budesonide (0.25 mg/kg) mixed with poractant alfa (200 mg/kg first intervention, 100 mg/kg if second intervention), administered intratracheally via an endotracheal tube or thin catheter. The comparator is poractant alfa alone (at the same doses). Secondary outcomes include the components of the primary outcome (death, BPD prior to or at 36 weeks’ PMA), potential systemic side effects of corticosteroids, cost-effectiveness, early childhood health until 2 years of age, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (corrected for prematurity).DiscussionCombining budesonide with surfactant for intratracheal administration is a simple intervention that may reduce BPD in extremely preterm infants and translate into health benefits in later childhood. The PLUSS trial is powered for the primary outcome and will address gaps in the evidence due to its pragmatic and inclusive design, targeting all extremely preterm infants regardless of their initial mode of respiratory support. Should intratracheal budesonide mixed with surfactant increase survival free of BPD, without severe adverse effects, this readily available intervention could be introduced immediately into clinical practice.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.anzctr.org.au), ACTRN12617000322336. First registered on 28th February 2017.
Association of gut microbial dysbiosis with disease severity, response to therapy and disease outcomes in Indian patients with COVID-19
Authors: Talukdar Daizee , Bandopadhyay Purbita , Ray Yogiraj , Paul Shekhar Ranjan , Sarif Jafar , D’Rozario Ranit , Lahiri Abhishake , Das Santanu , Bhowmick Debaleena , Chatterjee Shilpak , Das Bhabatosh , Ganguly Dipyaman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic hyper-inflammation. An adaptive interaction between gut microbiota and host immune systems is important for intestinal homeostasis and systemic immune regulation. The association of gut microbial composition and functions with COVID-19 disease severity is sparse, especially in India. We analysed faecal microbial diversity and abundances in a cohort of Indian COVID-19 patients to identify key signatures in the gut microbial ecology in patients with severe COVID-19 disease as well as in response to different therapies. The composition of the gut microbiome was characterized using 16Sr RNA gene sequences of genomic DNA extracted from faecal samples of 52 COVID-19 patients. Metabolic pathways across the groups were predicted using PICRUSt2. All statistical analyses were done using Vegan in the R environment. Plasma cytokine abundance at recruitment was measured in a multiplex assay.

Results
The gut microbiome composition of mild and severe patients was found to be significantly different. Immunomodulatory commensals, viz. Lachnospiraceae family members and Bifidobacteria producing butyrate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were under represented in patients with severe COVID-19, with an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens like Eggerthella. The higher abundance of Lachnoclostridium in severe disease was reduced in response to convalescent plasma therapy. Specific microbial genera showed distinctive trends in enriched metabolic pathways, strong correlations with blood plasma cytokine levels, and associative link to disease outcomes.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that, along with SARS-CoV-2, a dysbiotic gut microbial community may also play an important role in COVID-19 severity through modulation of host immune responses.
Explicit-memory multiresolution adaptive framework for speech and music separation
Authors: Bellur Ashwin , Thakkar Karan , Elhilali Mounya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe human auditory system employs a number of principles to facilitate the selection of perceptually separated streams from a complex sound mixture. The brain leverages multi-scale redundant representations of the input and uses memory (or priors) to guide the selection of a target sound from the input mixture. Moreover, feedback mechanisms refine the memory constructs resulting in further improvement of selectivity of a particular sound object amidst dynamic backgrounds. The present study proposes a unified end-to-end computational framework that mimics these principles for sound source separation applied to both speech and music mixtures. While the problems of speech enhancement and music separation have often been tackled separately due to constraints and specificities of each signal domain, the current work posits that common principles for sound source separation are domain-agnostic. In the proposed scheme, parallel and hierarchical convolutional paths map input mixtures onto redundant but distributed higher-dimensional subspaces and utilize the concept of temporal coherence to gate the selection of embeddings belonging to a target stream abstracted in memory. These explicit memories are further refined through self-feedback from incoming observations in order to improve the system’s selectivity when faced with unknown backgrounds. The model yields stable outcomes of source separation for both speech and music mixtures and demonstrates benefits of explicit memory as a powerful representation of priors that guide information selection from complex inputs.
Meromorphic functions sharing three values with their derivatives in an angular domain
Authors: Pan Biao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the problem of uniqueness transcendental meromorphic functions sharing three values with their derivatives in an arbitrary small angular domain including a singular direction. The obtained results extend the corresponding results from Gundersen, Mues–Steinmetz, Zheng, Li–Liu–Yi, and Chen.
Role of regulatory T cells in spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Hao , Peng Hao , Wang Ping-Chuan , Zou Tao , Feng Xin-min , Wan Bo-wen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury is an intricate process involving a series of multi-temporal and multi-component pathological events, among which inflammatory response is the core. Thus, it is crucial to find a way to prevent the damaging effects of the inflammatory response. The research has found that Treg cells can suppress the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of many parenchymal cells by multiple mechanisms. This review discusses how Treg cells regulate the inflammatory cells to promote spinal cord recovery. These parenchymal cells include macrophages/microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and others. In addition, we discuss the adverse role of Treg cells, the status of treatment, and the prospects of cell-based therapies after spinal cord injury. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the regulatory role of Treg cells in spinal cord injury. We hope to offer new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Mosquito densovirus significantly reduces the vector susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2 in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Kong Ling , Xiao Jie , Yang Lu , Sui Yuan , Wang Duoquan , Chen Shaoqiang , Liu Peiwen , Chen Xiao-Guang , Gu Jinbao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat, with Aedes albopictus being the confirmed vector responsible for dengue epidemics in Guangzhou, China. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are pathogenic mosquito-specific viruses, and a novel MDV was previously isolated from Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MDVs in wild Ae. albopictus populations and investigate their potential interactions with DENV and impact on vector susceptibility for DENV.

Methods
The prevalence of MDV in wild mosquitoes in China was investigated using open access sequencing data and PCR detection in Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. The viral infection rate and titers in MDV-persistent C6/36 cells were evaluated at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post infection (hpi) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The midgut infection rate (MIR), dissemination rate (DR), and salivary gland infection rate (SGIR) in various tissues of MDV-infected mosquitoes were detected and quantified at 0, 5, 10, and 15 days post infection (dpi) by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The chi-square test evaluated dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDV) infection rates and related indices in mosquitoes, while Tukey's LSD and t-tests compared viral titers in C6/36 cells and tissues over time.

Results
The results revealed a relatively wide distribution of MDVs in Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles mosquitoes in China and an over 68% positive rate. In vitro, significant reductions in DENV-2 titers in supernatant at 120 hpi, and an apparent decrease in DENV-2-positive cells at 96 and 120 hpi were observed. In vivo, DENV-2 in the ovaries and salivary glands was first detected at 10 dpi in both monoinfected and superinfected Ae. albopictus females, while MDV superinfection with DENV-2 suppressed the salivary gland infection rate at 15 dpi. DENV-2 titer in the ovary and salivary glands of Ae. albopictus was reduced in superinfected mosquitoes at 15 dpi.

Conclusions
MDVs is widespread in natural mosquito populations, and replication of DENV-2 is suppressed in MDV-infected Ae. albopictus, thus reducing vector susceptibility to DENV-2. Our study supports the hypothesis that MDVs may contribute to reducing transmission of DENV and provides an alternative strategy for mosquito-transmitted disease control.

Graphical abstract
An experimental approach to unravel 2D ground resonances: application to an alluvial-sedimentary basin
Authors: Sgattoni Giulia , Lattanzi Giovanni , Castellaro Silvia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study of ground resonances is important to assess seismic site amplification and to infer information on the geometrical and mechanical properties of the resonating structures. 1D- and 2D-type resonances imply different dynamic behavior that can be distinguished by inspecting the individual spectral components of single-station microtremor measurements. Typically, 2D resonance modes develop along cross-sections of deep sediment-filled valleys and consist of longitudinal, transverse and vertical modes that can be identified as spectral peaks when ground motion is recorded parallel to the axes of the valley. In the case of more complex geometries, such as sedimentary basins, resonance modes are more difficult to predict and depend on the unknown complexity of the buried bedrock geometry. We show how a simple signal rotation procedure applied to single-station microtremor recordings reveals the underlying 2D resonance pattern. The method allows assessing the axes of motion of buried geological structures and identifying 2D resonance modes along these axes. Their directionality, frequency and amplitude features are then analyzed to extract information on the bedrock geometry. We test our method in the Bolzano alluvial-sedimentary basin and we observe that apparently complicated resonance patterns may be simplified by locally referring to the simplest description of the phenomenon as 2D resonance of a valley slice. The bedrock morphology can be decomposed into 2D-like geometries, i.e., excavated channels, and the observed resonances develop within cross-sections of these channels.
Graphical Abstract
Neurotrophic factors-based therapeutic strategies in the spinal cord injury: an overview of recent preclinical studies in rodent models
Authors: Deznabi Nazila , Hosseini Samaneh , Rajabi Mojgan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFollowing the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and initial mechanical insult, a cascade of secondary cellular and molecular events occurs at the trauma site. This phenomenon develops a toxic lesion environment with an inhibitory effect on axonal regeneration. The complicated pathophysiology of SCI and limited central nervous system (CNS) to regeneration caused non-effective responses to drugs or beneficial treatments. Considering the necessity of SCI treatment as a critical issue in the medical field, finding novel therapeutic approaches and preclinical strategies to overcome secondary damage and functional recovery after SCI is the health system's priority. Different growth factors (GFs) are useful for treating SCI by promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, due to rapid degradation and dilution at the damaged site, direct administration of GFs is limited. In this regard, the type of delivered neurotrophic factors (NFs), administration mode, the time and location of application, and duration of treatment are critical factors in the therapy process. Also, in human studies adequate combination of NFs using cellular and viral vehicles with different tissue engineering materials is suggested to achieve satisfactory functional recovery following acute SCI. In this review, we summarize the finding of recent articles in the field of using different NFs and novel delivering systems for the treatment of SCI, which have been undertaken in rodent models.
Estimating WUI exposure probability to a nearby wildfire
Authors: Wei Yu , Gannon Benjamin , Young Jesse , Belval Erin , Thompson Matthew , O’Connor Christopher , Calkin David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEstimating the factors affecting the probability of a wildfire reaching the wildland urban interface (WUI) can help managers make decisions to prevent WUI property loss. This study compiles data on fire progression, wind, landscape characteristics, and fireline built to estimate the probability of an active fire reaching nearby WUI blocks. We started by constructing funnel-shaped analysis zones between recorded fire perimeters and WUI blocks. We used zonal analysis to characterize landscape and fireline arrangement and then used a random forest modeling approach to quantify the probability of fire reaching the WUI blocks.ResultsWe found the probability of WUI exposure from an active fire had close relationships with several explanatory variables including wind gust velocity, suppression difficulty, control potential, fireline arrangement, road densities, WUI block sizes, and the distance between WUI and the fire’s front. We found that the most important predictor variables influencing WUI exposure probability were gust, fireline arrangement, and distance from a fire ignition location to a WUI. We found that random forest models can achieve reasonable accuracy in estimating WUI fire exposure probabilities.ConclusionsFocal analyses and random forest models can be used to estimate WUI fire exposure probabilities in support of large fire suppression decisions at division to incident scales.
Integrative respiratory support during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with severe lung disease: a case report
Authors: Hara Ryota , Ito Joji , Onodera Hidetaka , Tabata Minoru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair is a highly complicated procedure, especially among patients with severe lung disease, resulting in respiratory problems during and after the surgery. Herein, we designed a novel intraoperative respiratory support to address this.

Case presentation
An open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair was performed on a 65-year-old man who had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a giant right lung bulla. One-and-a-half lung ventilation by left lower lobe blockade was maintained during the operation to avoid right barotrauma. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established with venous cannulas in the right internal jugular vein and left femoral vein for elective venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). After aortic repair and withdrawal from CPB, the VV-ECMO was consecutively initiated using the same circuit by connecting the arterial cannula to the right internal jugular venous cannula. The patient maintained adequate oxygenation during hemostasis under the support of VV-ECMO after protamine was administered. He was weaned from VV-ECMO in the operating room and discharged without any complications.

Conclusion
Partial bronchial blockage and intraoperative VV-ECMO using the same circuit of CPB were useful methods for severe lung disease during a thoracoabdominal aortic repair.
Iberian Sources on the Imjin War: The Relação do fim e remate que teve a guerra da Corea (1599)
Authors: Marino Giuseppe , Clements Rebekah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Combining Iberian and East Asian primary source documents can provide a fresh perspective on sixteenth-century East Asian history. This is particularly true of the Imjin War (1592–98), the largest war in the world during the sixteenth century. Involving China, Korea, and Japan, it attracted close observation from Jesuit missionaries, who wrote a number of as yet largely unstudied accounts of the conflict and its implications for the Jesuit mission. We analyze one such manuscript, which is particularly detailed and unique in its scope: the Relação do fim e remate que teve a guerra da Corea, cross-referenced with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean accounts.
A Reinterpretation of Chosŏn-Qing Foreign Relations through an Analysis of Chosŏn and Later Jin Bilateral Relations
Authors: Yuh Leighanne , Jang Jungsoo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Existing research tends to treat the transition from Chosŏn-Ming relations to Chosŏn-Qing relations as an uninterrupted process and the two relations as equivalent to each other. This article will show, from Chosŏn's perspective, how relations between Chosŏn and Later Jin evolved between 1605 and 1636 and later influenced Chosŏn-Qing relations. While Chosŏn initially treated Later Jin as barbarians and not as an official state, after the establishment of Later Jin, equal interstate relations were established through the exchange of royal letters (kuksŏ 國書) and envoys (sinsa 信使) during the years 1627–29. Negotiations continued until the Second Manchu Invasion in 1636, during which time interactions with the Ming continued as usual but discussions with Later Jin through royal letters established bilateral relations. After 1636 and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, diplomatic documents followed the same format as Chosŏn-Ming relations, but Chosŏn still considered the Qing as barbarians and continued to express their loyalty to the Ming through covert actions affirming the Ming as the Heavenly Dynasty. Thus, Chosŏn-Ming relations and Chosŏn-Qing relations were qualitatively different and cannot be considered the same.
Scripting a Multicultural Future: The Chinese and Korean Songs of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
Authors: Heward Lehyla G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hundreds of military songs are credited to the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army (NAUA). The NAUA was a coalition of Chinese and Korean guerrilla armies that operated in Northeast China during the Manchukuo period (1932–45). The NAUA used songs to teach and inculcate new behaviors in line with socialist and communist ideologies. Most importantly, the songs worked on an emotional level, meaning that they conveyed collective sentiments while also directing their appropriate expression in order to foster camaraderie and boost morale. Drawing from concepts formulated by historians of emotions, I argue that the NAUA became what Barbara Rosenwein terms an “emotional community.” As such, the NAUA defied strict nationalist sentiments primarily due to the discursive power and easy dissemination of the military songs. The Chinese and Korean songs, along with their aesthetic features, have not been studied comprehensively. As literary products of a tumultuous era, the NAUA songs deliver historical evidence of the transnational and transcultural ideologies present in resistance groups across the Japanese empire.
Synthesis of Chiral α,α-Disubstituted Cyclic Nitrones from Secondary Lactams
Authors: Iwamoto Sora , Tokuyama Ayako , Hiraoka Shobu , Takei Koya , Matsuzaka Koki , Matsumoto Tsutomu , Chida Noritaka , Sato Takaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Synthesis of chiral α,α-disubstituted cyclic nitrones from secondary lactams is reported. The method consists of two stages involving N-oxidation of the lactams and nucleophilic addition to the lactam carbonyls. The N-oxidation of secondary lactams with mCPBA via imidates provides cyclic nitrones with a chiral stereocenter adjacent to the nitrogen atom. A variety of α,α-disubstituted cyclic nitrones were quickly obtained simply by changing organolithium reagents in the nucleophilic addition to N-OSEM lactams.