bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Polymyxin B Free Plasma Concentrations From Published Reports and Evaluation of Dosage Regimens Based on Monte Carlo Simulation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Zheng You , Xu Baohua , Chen Shengyang , Liu Maobai , Huang Huiping , Wang Jingting , Wu Xuemei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (pop PK) model of polymyxin B was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects (NONMEM) modeling based on free plasma concentrations to determine whether dose adjustment is required in critically ill patients. One thousand pharmacokinetic profiles for virtual patients with a body weight of 70 kg were simulated using Monte Carlo simulation at different dose scenarios, and area under the concentration–time curve of free drug (fAUC) was computed. The probability of target attainment (PTA) at each minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated using fAUC/MIC as a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index. The final population PK model was a 2‐compartment model. PTA showed that 3.5 mg/kg/day regimens of polymyxin B effectively achieved the fAUC/MIC target of 10 (one log10 kill) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC of 1 mg/L or less (PTA, 90.7% or greater), while the dose regimen were ineffective against strains with an MIC of 2 mg/L or greater (PTA, 56.9% or less). For Klebsiella pneumoniae, the fAUC/MIC target of 17.4 (one log10 kill) was achieved in more than 90.4% of cases for MIC of 0.5 mg/L or less with 3 mg/kg/day regimens. However, the PTA decreased dramatically as MICs increased above 1 mg/L (PTA, 56.1% or less). The polymyxin B dosage regimen of 3.5 mg/kg/day and 3 mg/kg/day are sufficient to treat P. aeruginosa infections with an MIC of 1 mg/L or less and K. pneumoniae infections with an MIC of 0.5 mg/L or less, respectively. The current recommended dose (1.5–3 mg/kg/day) of polymyxin B appears inadequate to attain the PK/PD target for therapeutic efficacy against infections caused by P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates when MIC is above the values.
Perspectives on peak liquid manure temperature with implications for methane emissions
Authors: Hung Chih‐Yu , Koc Efe Kemal , Grant Brian , Smith Ward , VanderZaag Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethane emissions from liquid manure storage are currently estimated with a methane conversion factor (MCF) based on manure temperature inputs or air temperatures as a substitute in the 2019 IPCC Tier 2 method. However, differences between peak manure temperature and peak air temperature (Tdiff) in warm seasons are likely to occur and result in poor estimates of MCF and methane emissions. To address this concern, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the Tdiff and ratio of manure surface area to manure volume (Rs:v) using a mechanistic model and by analyzing farm‐scale measurement studies across Canada. Positive correlations between Tdiff and Rs:v were found using a modeling approach and from farm‐scale results (r = 0.55, p = 0.06). Tdiff ranged from –2.2 to 2.6°C in farm‐scale results mainly collected from eastern Canada. We suggest that manure volume and surface area, in addition to removal frequency, could be used to estimate Tdiff and be part of the criteria for improving manure temperature estimates, which could lead to improved estimates of MCF.
Tutorial on adult enteral tube feeding: Indications, placement, removal, complications, and ethics
Authors: Ley Dana , Austin Kerstin , Wilson Kelley Anastasia , Saha Sumona 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnteral nutrition, generally preferred to parenteral nutrition, is indicated when patients cannot meet their energy and metabolic demands. Gastrostomy tubes are placed directly into the stomach (either endoscopically, surgically, or radiologically) through the abdominal wall. Routine gastrostomy tube care is important to maintain well‐functioning tubes. Postpyloric feeding tubes are preferable to gastric feeding tubes if patients have a history of aspiration, gastroesophageal reflux, severe gastroparesis, and/or recurrent nausea and vomiting. Feeding jejunostomy tubes are placed surgically and are indicated if gastric feeding is unsafe or impossible. Dual‐lumen gastrojejunostomy tubes are used when both gastric decompression and feeding are desired. The general risks of enteral tube feeding include diarrhea, metabolic derangements, and aspiration. Additional complications for gastrostomy tubes, which can arise at any time, include tube dysfunction (clogging or deterioration), infection, bleeding, peristomal leakage, ulceration, gastric outlet obstruction, and accidental removal. After percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement, there are also early or late complications that may occur. Multiple factors should be considered in the decision‐making process for feeding tube placement. It is important to be realistic about the patient's prognosis and goals and to discuss the risks and benefits ahead of time. Consultation with palliative care or clinical ethics specialists should be considered in certain clinical scenarios.
The dependency‐autonomy paradox: A core‐periphery analysis of tourism development in Mediterranean archipelagos
Authors: Agius Karl , Chaperon Samantha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDebates on island tourism have challenged the inevitability of underdevelopment in peripheral islands. A paradox of geopolitical dependency but optimal autonomy has been proposed where tourism can create a ‘virtuous periphery syndrome’. This study used a dependency theory lens and a core‐periphery framework to analyse stakeholders' perspectives on this, in two Mediterranean archipelagos. The most peripheral islands experienced the highest levels of environmental protection and lowest levels of development, which can be favourable for the development of tourism, but this was perceived as being constrained by dependent relationships. Problematic core‐periphery relations dominated tourism development in both archipelagos. Tourism can provide opportunities for island empowerment but local understanding of this must be developed for optimal autonomy through tourism to be achieved.
A systematic review of isotretinoin dosing in acne vulgaris
Authors: Daly Aoife U. , Baptista Gonçalves Rui , Lau Eva , Bowers Joanne , Hussaini Naayema , Charalambides Maria , Coumbe Jack , Flohr Carsten , Layton Alison M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow does low‐dose oral isotretinoin compare with recommended and high‐dose oral isotretinoin in terms of efficacy, adverse effect profile, duration of remission, economic profile and rate and severity of relapse? A systematic literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and The Cochrane Library from 1983 to July 2022 was conducted to identify randomised control trials (RCTs), cohort studies and cross‐sectional studies investigating the treatment of acne vulgaris with oral isotretinoin. This systematic review of the literature sought to explore and compare the use of different isotretinoin dosing regimens. Primary outcomes were efficacy, relapse, and safety profiles of oral isotretinoin of varying doses. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and economic considerations. The quality of studies, including risk of bias was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). A total of 32 studies were included. Severe acne responds better to conventional or high fixed daily doses of isotretinoin. In cases of mild to moderate acne, where oral isotretinoin was prescribed, clearance rates were comparable with low, conventional or high dosage regimens. Despite this, relapse was more frequent in those treated with a lower dose. The severity of mucocutaneous adverse effects worsens as the dose of isotretinoin is increased. Comparison between studies was challenging due to differing methods of assessment, outcome measures and duration of follow‐up. This review highlights the need for an adequately powered RCT comparing low, conventional and high doses of oral isotretinoin to establish optimal dosing for treatment and prevention of relapse in acne vulgaris.
A meta‐analysis on the effects of product scarcity
Authors: Ladeira Wagner Junior , Lim Weng Marc , de Oliveira Santini Fernando , Rasul Tareq , Perin Marcelo G. , Altinay Levent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProduct scarcity can influence purchase decisions, but this relationship is multifaceted due to the influence of various cues. This study aims to integrate knowledge of this subject through a meta‐analysis. The findings suggest that the likelihood of purchasing a scarce product is greater under (i) scarcity conditions of excessive demand (rather than restricted supply) and variety (rather than a category), but not urgency (limited quantity and limited time) scarcity, and (ii) product conditions of enduring luxuries (as opposed to transitory luxuries) and the presence (rather than absence) of social signaling and seasonality. From a theoretical standpoint, this study offers a typology of product and scarcity cues and employs a meta‐analysis to enhance our understanding of the relationships between product scarcity, product and scarcity cues, and purchase decisions, resulting in the establishment of a heterogeneous theory of product scarcity. From a managerial standpoint, the study suggests that product scarcity can affect purchase decisions and can be ethically utilized as a marketing strategy.
Cournot–Bertrand comparisons under double managerial delegation contracts with sales and environmental incentives
Authors: Xu Lili , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for green products on double managerial delegation contracts with sales and environmental incentives. We illustrate that Cournot firms set higher sales and lower environmental incentives than Bertrand firms, yielding higher profits and better environmental performance under Cournot. We also examine an endogenous competition mode and discover that Cournot is an equilibrium when consumers' WTP is low, while the welfare‐inferior Bertrand appears unless consumers' WTP or product substitutability is high. Our finding suggests that antitrust authorities should monitor welfare‐distorting coordination when firms reformulate their strategies for emission‐reduction activities under double managerial delegation contracts.
The tumor microenvironment in the postsurgical liver: Mechanisms and potential targets of postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Junyu , Chan Yau‐Tuen , Lu Yuanjun , Wang Ning , Feng Yibin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurgery remains to be the mainstay of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, its therapeutic efficacy is significantly impaired by postoperative recurrence, which occurs in more than half of cases as a result of intrahepatic metastasis or de novo tumorigenesis. For decades, most therapeutic strategies on inhibiting postoperative HCC recurrence have been focused on the residual tumor cells but satisfying therapeutic outcomes are barely observed in the clinic. In recent years, a better understanding of tumor biology allows us to shift our focus from tumor cells toward the postoperative tumor microenvironment (TME), which is gradually identified to play a pivotal role in tumor recurrence. In this review, we describe various surgical stress and surgical perturbation on postoperative TME. Besides, we discuss how such alternations in TME give rise to postoperative recurrence of HCC. Based on its clinical significance, we additionally highlight the potential of the postoperative TME as a target for postoperative adjuvant therapeutics.
Prevention of Glutamate‐Induced Neurodegeneration by Piceatannol via Mitochondrial Rescue In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Chok Dickson , Chang Chun‐Han , Wei Chia‐Cheng , Wu Chia‐Tung , Cheng Ko‐Chun , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2023

ScopeParkinson's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that have no cure. Excitotoxicity induced by excess glutamate is known to be a hallmark of these diseases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of piceatannol on glutamate‐induced neurodegeneration via mitochondrial rescue.Methods and resultsThe PC12 cell line and three Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains are employed to achieve the aim. In the in vitro study, the results show that piceatannol can prevent glutamate‐induced apoptosis. Piceatannol also reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by activating the antioxidant system. Moreover, piceatannol can also promote mitochondrial biogenesis and induced mitochondrial fusion‐related genes to preserve mitochondrial functionality. In the C. elegans model, piceatannol can prevent mitochondrial fragmentation induced by glutamate. More importantly, piceatannol effectively protects dopaminergic neurons from degradation and preserves the responses controlled by these neurons.ConclusionThe findings suggest that piceatannol can be a more effective and potent candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, compared to resveratrol. It is capable of preventing neurodegeneration induced by excess glutamate, possibly via mitochondrial rescue. It is recommended that piceatannol be developed into a neuroprotective agent.
Elimination of interference and cross talk from a face‐to‐face‐antennas system by a metasurface absorber
Authors: Jang Sambong , Kim Yongjune , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this letter, a design and an experimental verification of a face‐to‐face‐antennas system combined with a metasurface absorber are presented, from which interference and cross talk are eliminated. First, the metasurface absorber unit cell composed of square copper pixels is optimally designed with the far‐field‐incidence condition utilizing the genetic algorithm to satisfy the −10 dB reflectance from 5.75 to 5.83 GHz with the minimum reflectance −13.90 dB at 5.8 GHz. Then, the metasurface absorber is integrated into a pair of 2 × 1 array antennas, of which the resonance frequency is 5.8 GHz. The two array antennas are set to face each other to enable short‐distance wireless‐data transmission between two antennas aligned in a line of sight. By absorbing undesired reflected waves using the metasurface absorber, interference induced on the transmitted spectrum along the vertical direction and cross talk along the horizontal and diagonal directions can be eliminated at the same time. They are confirmed by the simulation results calculated for various distances between the pair of array antennas. The measurements are well matched to the simulations, verifying the accuracy of the proposed design.
Intensive care unit nurses' perceptions and practices regarding clinical alarms: A descriptive study
Authors: Wang Lei , He Wei , Chen Yulu , Wu Qiuping , Du Xin , Li Qin , Song Caiping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the frequencies of physiologic monitor clinical alarms and to investigate nurses' perceptions and practices regarding clinical alarms in ICUs.DesignA descriptive study.MethodsA 24‐h continuous nonparticipant observation study was conducted in ICU. Observers observed and recorded the occurrence time, detail information when electrocardiogram monitor alarms triggered. And a cross‐sectional study was conducted among ICU nurses by convenience sampling, using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of clinical alarms survey questionnaire for medical devices. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.ResultsA total of 13,829 physiologic monitor clinical alarms were recorded in 14‐day observation and 1191 ICU nurses responded to the survey. Most nurses agreed or strongly agreed the sensitivity to alarms and responded quickly (81.28%), smart alarm systems (74.56%), alarm notification systems (72.04%) and set up alarm administrators (59.45%) were useful to improve alarm management, while frequent nuisance alarms disrupted patients care (62.47%) and reduced nurses' trust in alarms (49.03%), environmental noise interfered with nurses' recognition of the alarms (49.12%) and not everyone received education of alarm systems (64.65%).ConclusionsPhysiological monitor alarms occur frequently in ICU, and it is necessary to formulate or further optimize alarm management measures. It is recommended to use smart medical devices and alarm notification systems, formulate and implement standardized alarm management policies and norms, and strengthen alarm management education and training, so as to improve the nursing quality and patient safety.Patient or Public ContributionThe patients in the observation study included all patients admitted to the ICU during the observation period. The nurses in the survey study were conveniently selected through an online survey.
Phonons of electronic crystals in two‐dimensional semiconductor moiré patterns
Authors: Yu Hongyi , Zhou Jiyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe theoretically studied the phonon properties of the triangular‐, stripe‐, and honeycomb‐type electronic crystals recently found in two‐dimensional semiconductor moiré patterns. By analyzing the phonon dispersions, we found the interaction induced lattice deformation in the zigzag‐stripe crystal results in a much higher dynamical stability than in the linear‐stripe crystal. Moreover, chiral phonons with finite magnetizations and large Berry curvatures can emerge in triangular and honeycomb crystals under time‐reversal or inversion symmetry breaking. The small effective mass of the electrons allows the selective and efficient generation of chiral phonons from the optical activity of zone‐center phonons combined with the anharmonicity, facilitating the realization of the phonon Hall effect. These findings point to an exciting new platform for exploring chiral phonons and related topological phononic devices.Key points
The phonons of the electronic crystals in semiconductor moiré systems are systematically analyzed, which can lead to the infrared absorption, Raman scattering, and Hall effect of chiral phonons.

The small effective mass of the electrons as compared to their ionic counterparts facilitates tuning the chiral phonons through external fields, which may stimulate further studies about elementary excitations of the intriguing correlated insulators in moiré systems.

Our study connects the two active research fields of strongly correlated physics and chiral phonons.
Designing novel semi‐aromatic polyesters with dimethyl 3,3′‐bibenzoate
Authors: Heifferon Katherine V , Weyhrich Cody W , Mondschein Ryan J , Long Timothy E 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMelt polycondensation of dimethyl 3,3′‐bibenzoate (3,3'BB) with various linear and cycloaliphatic diols enabled the synthesis of a series of semi‐aromatic polyesters. Size exclusion chromatography analysis confirmed high molecular weight (Mn > 20 kg mol−1). Compression molding resulted in ductile films and further established molecular weights desirable for mechanical performance. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed polymer structure and retainment of the cis/trans ratios for the cyclohexyldimethylene‐based polyesters before and after polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed high onset of weight loss temperatures for the novel semi‐aromatic polymers (Td,5% > 380 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to determine glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures. Further evaluation of these thermal transitions against previously synthesized 4,4'BB, 3,4'BB, and isophthalate‐based polymers elucidated the structure–property relationships of these systems. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Yang Jing , Zheng Lixia , Liao Yonglin , Fu Yueguan , Zeng Dongqiang , Chen Wensheng , Wu Weijian 
Published: May 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article HCN‐induced embryo arrest: passion fruit as an ecological trap for fruit flies by Jing Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7396
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Maternal use of hormonal contraception and rare cancer types in children: A nationwide PECH cohort study
Authors: Hemmingsen Caroline H. , Kjaer Susanne K. , Winther Jeanette F. , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Mørch Lina S. , Hargreave Marie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaternal hormonal contraception use has been associated with an increased risk of leukaemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumours in children. However, little is known about the association with other, less common childhood cancer types. We assessed associations between maternal hormonal contraceptive use and all main types of childhood cancer, excluding leukaemia and CNS tumours.MethodsIn this nationwide PECH cohort study, we followed all Danish children liveborn in 1996–2014 (n = 1 185 063) from birth until 2018. Registry information was extracted on maternal filled prescriptions of hormonal contraception and childhood cancer diagnoses (age at diagnosis <20 years). The exposure of interest was maternal ‘recent use’ of hormonal contraception (use ≤3 months before or during pregnancy, except for injections, implants and intrauterine devices with a different timeframe), compared to no use. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood cancer according to any use, regiment (combined/progestin‐only) and administration route (oral/non‐oral).ResultsDuring 15 335 990 person‐years of follow‐up, 1384 children were diagnosed with a rare cancer type. Compared to children of mothers with no use of hormonal contraception, maternal recent use of hormonal contraception was not statistically significantly associated with any of the childhood cancers assessed. Except for maternal recent use of non‐oral hormonal contraception, where a hazard ratio (HR) of 6.90 (95% CI: 1.31, 36.47) for hepatic tumours was found. However, this finding was based on a small number of children and if causal, this would result in one additional case per about 99 500 person‐years of follow‐up.ConclusionsMaternal use of hormonal contraception up to or during pregnancy was not associated with nearly every rare childhood cancer type assessed, compared to no use.
Data‐based analysis of iterative learning control for MIMO nonaffine nonlinear systems with multiple nonrepetitive uncertainties
Authors: Hui Yu , Chi Ronghu , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo challenging problems are addressed in this work for the convergence analysis of iterative learning control (ILC), that is, the rigorous assumption on repetitive conditions and the severe dependence on linear or nonlinear parametric models. Consequently, a data‐based analysis method of ILC is presented for a general multi‐input multi‐output nonaffine nonlinear system in the existence of multiple nonrepetitive uncertainties in initial states, external disturbances, reference trajectories, and plant models. An extended iterative dynamic relationship is constructed to extract the linear relationship of I/O dynamics for a nonaffine nonlinear system between two different iterations. The data‐based double dynamics analysis method is developed for analyzing that the tracking error is convergent and the I/O sequence is bounded. The tracking error is shown to converge to a finite bound related to nonrepetitive uncertainties and achieve a perfect convergence if nonrepetitive uncertainties are also iteratively convergent to zero. Notably, the presented analysis method merely uses the I/O data without relying on the plant model. Simulations validate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.