bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Reinforcement on the Loading Capacity of Geopolymer Concrete Pipe
Authors: Dangol S. , Li J. , Sirivivatnanon V. , Kidd P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeopolymer concrete is emerging as a sustainable construction material due to utilization of industrial by-products, which greatly reduces its carbon footprint. Past studies of the mechanical properties and resistance to sulfuric acid reaction of cement-less geopolymer concrete indicated its suitability for precast concrete pipes over ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. In the present study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of reinforced concrete pipe was developed using commercial software ANSYS-LSDYNA. The load-carrying capacity of reinforced and non-reinforced geopolymer concrete pipes under the three-edge bearing (TEB) test was investigated and compared with OPC concrete pipes. The results indicated geopolymer concrete with comparable compressive strength to OPC concrete showed higher loading capacity in a pipe structure due to its better tensile performance. The effect of steel reinforcement area on the loading capacity of geopolymer concrete pipes was quantitatively analyzed, and they met the specified strength requirement for OPC concrete in the ASTM standard, with up to 20% reduction in the reinforcement area.
Development of High-Strength Light-Weight Cementitious Composites with Hollow Glass Microspheres
Authors: Li X. , Yao Y. , Zhang D. , Zhang Z. , Zhuge Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAchieving both light-weight and high-strength cementitious composites (HSLWCCs) is challenging. In this study, hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were used to develop a HSLWCC. Different amounts of HGMs were incorporated in the cement mixture and the associated effects on the engineering properties and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that the density and strength decreased with increasing HGM content. Compressive strength of the HSLWCC decreased significantly when the HGM content increased from 30 to 40% and decreased slightly with further increasing HGM content, while the density generally reduced linearly with increasing HGM content. Structural efficiency of the HSLWCC increased when the HGM content was 30% and then decreased significantly at HGM content of 40%. In particular, a floatable cementitious composite with a density of ~970 kg/m3 and compressive strength of ~31 MPa was developed by incorporating 60% of HGMs. Additionally, two failure modes (i.e., (i) debonding of interface and (ii) crush of HGM) were found in the high-strength light-weight cementitious composite (HSLWCC), with the former dominating in HSLWCC with high HGM content and the later dominating in HSLWCC with low HGM content.
Advances in Characterization of Carbonation Behavior in Slag-Based Concrete Using Nanotomography
Authors: Mehdizadeh B. , Vessalas K. , Ben B. , Castel A. , Deilami S. , Asadi H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExposure of concrete to the atmosphere causes absorption of CO2and carbonation via a chemical reaction between the CO2and calcium hydroxide and calcium-silicate-hydrate reaction products inside the concrete. A greater understanding of carbonation behavior and its micro- and nanoscale impacts is needed to predict and model concrete durability, cracking potential and steel depassivation behaviors. New and sophisticated techniques have emerged to analyze the microstructural behavior of concrete subjected to carbonation. High-resolution full-field X-ray imaging is providing new insights to nanoscale behavior. Full-field nano-images provide significant insight into 3D structural identification and mapping. Nanotomographic modeling of an accelerated carbonated test specimen can also provide a 3D view of the pore structure that resides inside slag-based concrete. This is critical for better understanding of the capillary porosity and pore solution behaviors of concrete in situ. We investigated the analysis of durability properties, including the carbonation behavior of slag-based concrete, by evaluating microstructural and nanotomographic identification techniques.
Application of Surface-Modified Nanosilica for Performance Enhancement of Asphalt Pavement
Authors: He D. , Chan H. H. , Xiao Z. H. , Wu T. , Leung L. M. , Sham M. , Chen B. , Lee S. F. S. , Kwan C. K. K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fatigue performance of asphalt binder can be significantly increased by incorporating nanosilica, but due to the poor dispersion of nanosilica in asphalt, high mechanical energy is required to achieve good homogeneity. The viscosity of asphalt is nearly double when 3% nanosilica is added. Consequently, the mixing temperature of asphalt with aggregate is dozens of degrees higher to compensate for its high viscosity. To solve this problem, modification of nanosilica was introduced and the effects of its performance on asphalt are reported here. Several types of nanosilica at various dosages were modified and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The properties of asphalt, such as viscosity, rutting, fatigue, softening point, penetration and ductility were investigated. The viscosity of asphalt with 3% modified nanosilica was 80% lower than that of the asphalt with unmodified nanosilica and a 20 °C reduction in temperature for mixing the asphalt binder with aggregate was achieved. Moreover, the rutting and fatigue performance of asphalt with modified nanosilica were significantly enhanced. The asphalt with modified nanosilica not only had lower viscosity but also has similar performance to asphalt with unmodified nanosilica. The asphalt with modified nanosilica had excellent performance and thus good practical application potential.
An Intelligent Multi-objective Design Optimization Method for Nanographite-Based Electrically Conductive Cementitious Composites
Authors: Dong W. , Huang Y. , Lehane B. , Ma G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanographite (NG) is a promising conductive filler for producing effective electrically conductive cementitious composites for use in structural health monitoring methods. Since the acceptable mechanical strength and electrical resistivity are both required, the design of NG-based cementitious composite (NGCC) is a complicated multi-objective optimization problem. This study proposes a data-driven method to address this multi-objective design optimization (MODO) issue for NGCC using machine learning (ML) techniques and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Prediction models of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and electrical resistivity (ER) of NGCC are established by Bayesian-tuned XGBoost with prepared datasets. Results show that they have excellent performance in predicting both properties with high R2 (0.95 and 0.92, 0.99 and 0.98) and low mean absolute error (1.24 and 3.44, 0.15 and 0.22). The influence of critical features on NGCC’s properties are quantified by ML theories, which help determine the variables to be optimized and define their constraints for the MODO. The MODO program is developed on the basis of NSGA-II. It optimizes NGCC’s properties of UCS and ER simultaneously, and successfully achieves a set of Pareto solutions, which can facilitate appropriate parameters selections for the NGCC design.
Non-probabilistic Informed Structural Health Assessment with Virtual Modelling Technique
Authors: Wang Q. , Feng Y. , Wu D. , Gao W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn real-life engineering, non-probabilistic structural information is very common in many and varied disciplines. This class of information is characterized by incompleteness and imprecision, such as interval, fuzzy sets, etc. Non-probabilistic structural information can be reflected in the structural performance and cause it to fluctuate within a specific range, instead of being deterministic. Thus, without appropriate consideration of non-probabilistic information, serious or even disastrous accidents may occur. Therefore, fully estimating the structural health status using non-probabilistic information, especially detecting the lower and upper bounds of the concerned structural response, is extremely significant in uncertainty-sensitive fields. To conquer this challenge, a virtual modeling technique underpinning a structural health assessment framework is introduced. The twin extended support vector regression (T-X-SVR) approach is embedded for virtual model construction. Continuous, differentiable expression of the established virtual model allows the optimal solutions for each interval analysis to be easily achieved. Information update is another inherent feature, which enables structural health assessment to be implemented with updated conditions without rebuilding the virtual model. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed virtual modeling technique underpinned structural health assessment framework, the non-probabilistic informed elastoplastic nonlocal damage analysis was investigated for engineering structures.
Recycled Glass-Based Capping Layer for Foundations in Expansive Soils
Authors: Karami H. , Robert D. , Costa S. , Li J. , Setunge S. , Venkatesan S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConstruction on weak expansive soils is challenging due to their low bearing capacity and high-volume susceptibility under moisture fluctuation. The uplift pressure from expansive clay can induce significant swelling pressure on foundations, but on the other hand, shrinkage of clay can result in substantial foundation settlement during dry seasons. This differential movement of the foundation can distress the superstructure of a building, resulting in serviceable and ultimate limit state failures. The current approach to dealing with foundations in expansive clay soils is to construct a rigid slab that can withstand the anticipated movement or a pier-type approach using engineering design principles or a normal-type slab based on the fill being placed under controlled conditions. We introduce a capping layer under the foundation to control moisture fluctuation and increase the bearing capacity of the foundation using a recycled glass-based stabilization approach. A prototype foundation was constructed in the laboratory using an optimum stabilization mix design that was derived using glass and other sustainable additives. Slab movements and soil conditions were monitored over a 6 month period under simulated dry/wetting moisture fluctuations and operational loads. Results revealed that the performance of the foundation under controlled conditions was outperformed by the capping layered foundation during service loadings including seasonal moisture fluctuation. The outcomes from this research will have a significant impact on improving foundation performance in expansive soils, as well as proposing a sustainable foundation construction process using recycled glass waste.
Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Cemented Rockfill
Authors: Yu Z. , Jing H. , Gao Y. , Wei X. , Wang A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to reinforce cemented rockfill is attracting considerable interest due to the remarkable improvement in performance and the extremely low dose of the added nanomaterial. To reveal the enhancement mechanism of the CNTs on cemented rockfill, the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of cemented rockfill specimens during the Brazilian split test were investigated. The results demonstrated that CNTs improved tensile strength by 17.2% and decreased the AE count. The nucleation and micropore-filling effects of the CNTs promoted the cement hydration reaction and formation of a denser structure, thereby improving resistance to loads. Meanwhile, finer pores avoid stress concentration, resulting in AE activity becoming more sparse. Finally, the AE b-value increased by 14.8%, which further indicated that the overall failure process was at a lower intensity.
Indirekte Orbitafrakturen nach okzipitalem Trauma (Geserick-Zeichen)
Authors: Gerling Moritz , Ondruschka Benjamin , Kniep Inga , Anders Sven 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungEine 41-jährige Frau wurde am Morgen bewusstlos im Bett einer Pflegeeinrichtung aufgefunden. Bei Aufnahme ins Krankenhaus wurden ein Brillenhämatom, eine okzipitale Kalottenfraktur, beidseitige Orbitafrakturen, frontal betonte Subarachnoidalblutungen und Hirnkontusionen festgestellt. Die Prognose galt als infaust. Klinisch wurde aufgrund des Verletzungsbildes eine mehrfache Gewalteinwirkung angenommen und die Polizei benachrichtigt. Zum Ausschluss eines Fremdverschuldens wurde eine rechtsmedizinische Untersuchung beauftragt. Als äußerlich sichtbare Kopfschwartenverletzung wurde eine frische Schürfung am Hinterkopf festgestellt. Die klinischen Feststellungen wurden in einer eigenen forensischen Befundung des kranialen CT bestätigt. Seitens der Ermittlungsbehörden gab es keine Anhaltspunkte für eine Fremdbeibringung. In der Zusammenschau der polizeilichen Ermittlungsergebnisse und der klinischen sowie rechtsmedizinischen Befunde war von einem Sturzereignis mit okzipitalem Anprall und indirekten beidseitigen Orbitafrakturen auszugehen. Bei dem vorliegenden Fall handelt es sich um die erst zweite Mitteilung des sog. Geserick-Zeichens aus dem Bereich der klinischen Rechtsmedizin.
Dynamic modeling of fluid-conveying pipes restrained by a retaining clip
Authors: Dou Bo , Ding Hu , Mao Xiaoye , Wei Sha , Chen Liqun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough most pipes are restrained by retaining clips in aircrafts, the influence of the clip parameters on the vibration of the fluid-conveying pipe has not been revealed. By considering the clip width, a new dynamic model of a fluid-conveying pipe restrained by an intermediate clip is established in this paper. To demonstrate the necessity of the proposed model, a half pipe model is established by modeling the clip as one end. By comparing the two models, it is found that the half pipe model overestimates the critical velocity and may estimate the dynamical behavior of the pipe incorrectly. In addition, with the increase in the clip stiffness, the conversion processes of the first two modes of the pipe are shown. Furthermore, by ignoring the width of the clip, the effect of the flow velocity on the accuracy of a concentrated restraint clip model is presented. When the flow velocity is close to the critical velocity, the accuracy of the concentrated restraint clip model significantly reduces, especially when the width of the clip is large. In general, the contribution of this paper is to establish a dynamic model of the fluid-conveying pipe which can describe the influence of the clip parameters, and to demonstrate the necessity of this model.
Records of neglect: the significance of archives in redress processes
Authors: Grönroos Ida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2005, a Swedish television documentary that revealed gross misconduct and abuse in Swedish children’s homes led to a number of inquiries that culminated with the passing of the Redress Act. This act entitled everyone that had suffered from abuse in out-of-home care to 250,000 Swedish crowns (close to 25,000 Euros). However, only 42 percent of the Swedish claimants were granted the compensation, a very low number in international comparison. The starting point of this study is this—in many accounts failed—redress process. Why did Sweden, self-appointed moral superpower, produce such deviating results? This question is addressed by an inquiry into the Swedish scheme of redress, focusing on the role of archives and recordkeeping with particular focus on the concepts of total archives and politics of regret. This paper argues that it was impossible for the Swedish Board of Redress to make satisfactory assessments of redress claims, given the set criteria and the archival material on which they were required to base their decisions, and that it is a futile task to base the writing of individual life stories on official documentation.
Extreme events in the multi-proxy South Pacific drought atlas
Authors: Higgins Philippa A. , Palmer Jonathan G. , Andersen Martin S. , Turney Christian S. M. , Johnson Fiona 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDroughts are a natural occurrence in many small Pacific Islands and can have severe impacts on local populations and environments. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a well-known driver of drought in the South Pacific, but our understanding of extreme ENSO events and their influence on island hydroclimate is limited by the short instrumental record and the infrequency of ENSO extremes. To address this gap, we developed the South Pacific Drought Atlas (SPaDA), a multi-proxy, spatially resolved reconstruction of the November–April Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index for the southwest Pacific islands. The reconstruction covers the period from 1640 to 1998 CE and is based on nested principal components regression. It replicates historical droughts linked to ENSO events with global influence, compares well to previously published ENSO reconstructions, and is independently verified against fossil coral records from the Pacific. To identify anomalous hydroclimatic states in the SPaDA that may indicate the occurrence of an extreme event, we used an Isolation Forest, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Extreme El Niño events characterised by very strong southwest Pacific drought anomalies and a zonal SPCZ orientation are shown to have occurred throughout the reconstruction interval, providing a valuable baseline to compare to climate model projections. By identifying the spatial patterns of drought resulting from extreme events, we can better understand the impacts these events may have on individual Pacific Islands in the future.
Numerical Analysis of Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankments Considering Integrated Soil-Structure Interactions
Authors: Pham Tuan A. , Tran Quoc-Anh , Villard Pascal , Dias Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankments are becoming more popular as a solution for addressing soil structural instability. The interaction between the geosynthetic-pile-subsoil-embankment elements is crucial to the load transfer mechanism and performance of GRPS embankments. Several analytical models for GRPS embankment design have been proposed, but their performance and applicability still require further validation. This research presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation of the load transfer mechanism of GRPS embankments using the finite difference approach, considering the combined interaction between the soil embankment, geosynthetics, pile, and subsoil. The importance of these crucial aspects in the GRPS embankment design technique is highlighted, as well as their influence and sensitivity. The following elements, in descending order, influence the load and settlement efficacies of the GRPS embankments: soft soil stiffness, embankment height, geosynthetic stiffness, and embankment soil density, according to this research. Furthermore, the use of geosynthetics reduces differential settlements and mitigates soil yielding above the pile heads. The numerical findings are then compared to four well-known design standards, with the subsurface stiffness, geosynthetic stiffness, embankment height, and fill soil density all being varied simultaneously to measure their performance. The findings of the comparison revealed that these techniques differ greatly in their ability to forecast load efficacy and differential settlement. Depending on the geometric properties of the embankment and material properties, all of the selected design methods produce over-predictions or under-predictions.
Changes in the wild bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) over 100 years in relation to land use: a case study in a protected steppe habitat in Eastern Austria
Authors: Zimmermann Dominique , Schoder Sabine , Zettel Herbert , Hainz-Renetzeder Christa , Kratschmer Sophie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The wild bee community of a sand steppe habitat in Eastern Austria was surveyed in the years 2018 and 2019, complemented with historical data from over 100 years, and analyzed in relation to land use change. The mapping of land use categories was based on historical aerial photographs and orthophotos. Changes in bee community composition were analyzed by a multivariate statistical approach and took ecological traits into account (lecty, nesting type, habitat requirements, flight period, parasitism). In total, 310 bee species were recorded in the area, with the oldest records dating back to 1882. The bee species composition differed significantly among four defined time periods. Across the two most intensively sampled time periods (1931–1966 vs 2001–2021), a decline in species richness of over 50% was observed. We observed a disproportionally high decline of steppe- and sand-associated species, and a distinct shift from ground nesting species to above-ground nesting species. The area covered with woods increased from 1966 to 2018, while the total area covered with grassland and fallows decreased slightly between 1966 and 1994. The oligolectic species assemblage was specialized on Dipsacaceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae in the two earlier periods, and on Asteraceae and specifically on Carduoideae during the two later ones.

Implications for insect conservation
stronger reference to historic land management practices as short time periods of intensive grazing and small-scaled, staggered mowing would be desirable to improve the habitat quality. More drastic measures, such as removal of the topsoil in some parts and changes in the landscape re-establishing exposure to wind erosion, might be necessary, if the area is to be fully restored to the condition it was in a century ago.
Exploring Seismic Hazard in the Groningen Gas Field Using Adaptive Kernel Smoothing
Authors: van Lieshout M. N. M. , Baki Z. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe discovery of gas in Groningen in 1959 has been a massive boon to the Dutch economy. From the 1990s onwards, though, gas production has led to induced seismicity. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive exploratory analysis of the spatio-temporal earthquake catalogue. We develop a non-parametric adaptive kernel smoothing technique to estimate the spatio-temporal hazard map and to interpolate monthly well-based gas production statistics. Second- and higher-order inhomogeneous summary statistics are used to show that the state-of-the-art rate-and-state models for the prediction of seismic hazard fail to capture inter-event interaction in the earthquake catalogue. Based on these findings, we suggest a modified rate-and-state model that also takes into account changes in gas production volumes and uncertainty in the pore pressure field.
A test for the absence of aliasing or white noise in two-dimensional locally stationary wavelet processes
Authors: Palasciano Henry Antonio , Nason Guy P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEither intentionally or unintentionally, sub-sampling is a common occurrence in image processing and can lead to aliasing if the highest frequency in the underlying process is higher than the Nyquist frequency. Several techniques have already been suggest in order to prevent aliasing from occurring (for example applying anti-aliasing filters), however there is little work describing methods to detect for it. Recently, Eckley and Nason (Biometrika 105(4), 833–848, 2018) developed a test for the absence of aliasing and/or white noise in locally stationary wavelet processes. Following Eckley and Nason (Biometrika 105(4), 833–848, 2018), we derive the corresponding theoretical consequences of sub-sampling a two-dimensional locally stationary wavelet process and develop a procedure to test for the absence of aliasing and/or white noise confounding at a fixed point, demonstrating its effectiveness and use through appropriate simulation studies and an example. In addition, we outline some possibilities for extending these methods further, from images to videos.