bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE STRESS LEVEL OF DENTISTS BASED ON THE CORTISOL CONTENT IN SALIVA
Authors: Lavrent'eva Ol'ga , Makeeva Maria , Gevorkyan Aleksey , Pilshchkova Olga , Butaeva Natalia , Shevelyuk Yulia , Pobozhyeva Ludmila , Bophoev Saddam 
Published: August 2023

Aim. Based on the cortisol content in the oral fluid and the assessment of emotional stress, determine the stress level of dentists.
Materials and methods. The group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, dentists (8 men and 17 women aged 24 to 60 years) with various work experience. Participants filled in an adapted scale of the level of emotional stress before the start of the work shift. On the same day, oral fluid was collected to assess cortisol levels in the morning and evening.
Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of emotional stress among dentists, depending on gender. The level of emotional stress in general increases with increasing work experience. With an experience of more than 20 years, emotional stress is significantly (p = 0.026) higher compared to colleagues who have been in the profession for less than 10 years, the indicator was 16.43 (±3.20) and 19.00 (±1.10) points, respectively. The level of evening cortisol in the oral fluid has a statistically significant relationship of noticeable strength with the level of emotional tension only in participants with a high level of tension (18–20 points).
Conclusions. The level of emotional stress increases with increasing work experience as a dentist. To assess the level of stress, the level of evening cortisol is more indicative than in the morning, and the interpretation of the results should be carried out in conjunction with the assessment of emotional stress, as well as considering the somatic status of the subject.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATION RISKS OF DENTAL MATRICES DURING ANATOMICAL ADAPTATION TO THE PROXIMAL SURFACE OF THE TOOTH
Authors: Shefov Vladimir 
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Creating high-quality interdental contacts is the most important and difficult step in the treatment of proximal caries. In modern dentistry, most methods for restoring the proximal wall of teeth involve the use of dental matrices. The choice of matrix and the peculiarities of working with it are the determining factor in the formation of the proximal contour of the tooth and often causes difficulties, especially for young specialists.
The aim of the study is to conduct an experimental-mathematical determination of the tensile strength of dental matrices to elastic deformation based on the curvature of the proximal surface of the chewing teeth.
Materials and methods. The work consisted of 2 stages. Initially, a test bench was developed to assess the deformation capabilities of dental matrices, consisting of a strain gauge and a model of the proximal tooth wall with the possibility of fixing the matrix and imitating pushing. The model was created in SolidWorks software and 3D printed from light-cured polyamide. At the second stage, computer models of teeth and matrices were created, as well as an analysis of data from x-rays and other sources.
Results. In the course of the work, the strength characteristics of dental matrices were obtained, the limits of their deformation capabilities were determined depending on the thickness of the material and the area of impact on it. Titanium matrices have the best strength characteristics, withstanding a force of 70 N, with an impact area of 2.25 mm2. An analysis of the curvature of the proximal surfaces of the chewing teeth revealed the best match between the matrix contour and the tooth contour on the medial surface of the first molars of the upper and lower jaws.
Conclusions. To achieve high results in the restoration of the proximal walls of the teeth, in most cases it is recommended to press the matrix with an instrument with a working area of at least 2 mm2.
La Ilustración como desafío para nuestro presente: algunas notas acerca de la Ilustración en Alemania
Authors: Vázquez Lobeiras María Jesús 
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo contiene una aproximación historiográfica al desarrollo de la Ilustración en Alemania, considerando las características específicas de la misma frente a Inglaterra o Francia, así como sus etapas. Se expone asimismo la tipología de sus ideas principales elaborada por Norbert Hinske y se hace balance acerca de su posible vigencia e interés para la actualidad, con atención especial a la idea de una razón humana universal y de la destinación del ser humano.
“Pure Rat Country” – Reflections on Case Decision 2022-001-FB-UA of Facebook Oversight Board (Knin Cartoon Case)
Authors: Lendvai G. F. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: the present paper aims to analyse Case Decision 2022-001-FB-UA of Facebook Oversight Board, also known as the Knin cartoon case and attempts to put the case as well as its procedure in a historical and cultural context to set out a critical approach concerning Facebook’s content moderation.Methods: the paper uses desk research as the primary source of method. The paper’s resource background builds upon comparative case studies and case analysis as well. The paper uses resources from various disciplines: legal philosophy, international law, media law, platform regulation, history.Results: the paper presents the context of the Knin cartoon case as well as the key findings of the Oversight Board and the reasoning behind its decision. Furthermore, this paper aims to reflect on the idea of hate speech as interpreted by the Oversight Board and makes a tentative to contextualise and introduce the main problems and possible solutions regarding Meta’s content moderation in the scope of the present case.Scientific novelty: the Knin case has not been analysed in such historical and contextual depth before as the case decision was issued in 2022. Only a few analyses from merely legal standpoints were published thus far.Practical significance: the findings regarding the Knin case may be of importance of three main aspects: (1) it could be used for further critical analyses on Facebook’s content moderation, (2) it could serve as a recommendation regarding platform regulation and guideline development and (3) it presents the paramount relevance and significance of the holistic interpretational perspectives when determining hate speech. As for the latter the present paper argues that the historical, cultural, societal and symbolic interpretation and understanding of hate speech determination is not only instrumental, but the only viable method to understand, determine and judge upon alleged hate speech cases.
The seasons within: a theoretical perspective on photoperiodic entrainment and encoding
Authors: Schmal Christoph 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Circadian clocks are internal timing devices that have evolved as an adaption to the omnipresent natural 24h rhythmicity of daylight intensity. Properties of the circadian system are photoperiod dependent. The phase of entrainment varies systematically with season. Plastic photoperiod dependent re-arrangements in the mammalian circadian core pacemaker yield an internal representation of season. Output pathways of the circadian clock regulate photoperiodic responses such as flowering time in plants or hibernation in mammals. Here, we review concepts of seasonal entrainment and photoperiodic encoding. We introduce conceptual phase oscillator models as their high level of abstraction but, yet, intuitive interpretation of underlying parameters allows for a straight-forward analysis of principles that determine entrainment characteristics. Results from this class of models are related and discussed in the context of more complex conceptual amplitude-phase oscillators as well as contextual molcecular models that take into account organism, tissue and cell-type specific details.
Fractional Nadeem trigonometric non-Newtonian (NTNN) fluid model based on Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative with heated boundaries
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Ishtiaq Bushra , Alzabut Jehad , Hassan Ahmad M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The fractional model of Caputo-Fabrizio derivative in various physical flow problems has significant advantages with its implementations in manufacturing and engineering fields. This fractional derivative model provides realistic solutions to the flow system. Therefore, the current study has the main objective of implementation of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative on the flow phenomenon of trigonometric non-Newtonian fluid. The time-dependent flow mechanism is assumed to be developed through a vertical infinite plate. The thermal radiation’s effects are incorporated into the analysis of heat transfer. With the help of mathematical formulations, the physical flow system is expressed. The governing equations of the flow system acquire the dimensionless form through the involvement of the dimensionless variables. The application of Caputo-Fabrizio derivative is implemented to achieve the fractional model of the dimensionless system. An exact solution of the fractional-based dimensionless system of the equations is acquired through the technique of the Laplace transform. Physical interpretation of temperature and velocity distributions relative to the pertinent parameters is visualized via graphs. The current study concludes that the higher values of fluid parameter improve the velocity field. Moreover, both distributions exhibit an accelerating nature corresponding to the order of the fractional operator.
Interaction-focused music therapy with cancer-affected children and their significant others: a randomized controlled feasibility study with subsequent intervention (INMUT)
Authors: Boyde Constance , Berger Bettina , Längler Alfred , Neugebauer Lutz , Jacobsen Stine , Swanick Rachel , Gäbel Christine , Schneider Dominik , Bernbeck Benedikt , Paulussen Michael , Ostermann Thomas , Hunger-Schoppe Christina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Paediatric oncology/haematology patients and their families are in an existentially threatening situation for which music therapy has proven as a cross-linguistic field of action. The creative act of making music together offers the possibility to strengthen competences and makes conflicts tangible in a direct way. Besides its complementing of evidence-based biomedical care, there is little research on the feasibility and efficacy of interactive music therapy including the child and its significant other.
Methods:We conducted an assessor blind, prospective, multicentric feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) with subsequent intervention. Including 52 child-referent dyads, it investigates interaction-focused music therapy with cancer-affected children and their significant others (INMUT-KB; n = 21) compared to music therapy only with the child (MUT-K; n = 21),and a wait-list group (WLG; n = 10). The measurement points include the screening for a cancer diagnosis, psychometric baseline (pre-T1), initial assessment (T1/T2), music therapy sessions (T3-T9), final assessment (T10), final psychometric evaluation (post-T10), and 3-month follow-up(T11). Feasibility and acceptability of the (1) research methodology, (2) intervention, (3) estimation of effect sizes, and (4) service use for health economic evaluation will be assessed using qualitative and quantitative data. The proposed primary outcome includes the parent-child interaction (APCI), and the proposed secondary outcomes refer to the quality of life (KINDL), symptomatology (SCL-9k), social system functioning (EXIS), the psychosocial burden (BAS), resources (WIRF) and the child’s and significant other’s goal attainment (GAS). We plan to investigate the efficacy of INMUT-KB and MUT-K post-intervention (T10) within the RCT design, and at 3-month follow-up (T11).
Discussion: This study will provide insights into the feasibility of INMUT, and the final sample needed for a confirmatory RCT. We will reflect on successfully implemented study procedures, and provide recommendations for changes considering the design, procedures, measures, and statistical analyses, if necessary. The discussion will conclude with an evaluation whether a confirmatory RCT is worth the investment of future resources, including the calculated number of child-referent dyads needed based on the efficacy trends derived from this feasibility study.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05534282; date of registration: 06/23/2022.
Sustainable utilization of unsaleable walnut kernel in substitution for corn grain in the diet of fattening lambs improves growth performance and meat quality
Authors: Dayani Omid , Khatibi Ali , Tajaddini Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As a cost-effective typical co-product of walnut processing; this study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding poor quality, unsaleable walnut kernel, also known as wasted walnut (WW) kernel, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition of fattening lambs. The experiment was conducted using 24 fattening lambs (27 ±1.07 kg initial BW) assigned to two total mixed concentrate-based diets, over a 80-day experimental period on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: 1) WW (10% WW), and 2) CON (without WW). Average daily and total gain, and final weight increased with WW inclusion (P < 0.05). Also, a significant enhancement in feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) and carcass cooler shrink loss (P = 0.03) were observed by feeding WW. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not influenced by feeding WW as did carcass prime cuts, meat, bone and fat-tail; however, the backfat thickness was increased (P = 0.01). WW inclusion reduced cholesterol and increased protein load in muscle tissue (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, this inclusion led to higher concentration of vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and C20 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA), total n3 and n6 PUFA in muscle and fat-tail (P ≤ 0.05). Due to enhanced animal performance, also chemical and FA composition of muscle and adipose tissue, WW can be included in fattening lamb diets as a rich source of protein and PUFA.
Isolation and Identification of forced degradation products of Februxostat
Authors: Kanagaddi Rajesh , Chintala Vaishnavi , Katari Naresh Kumar , Murty JNSRC , Salakolusu Suresh , Ranga Mahesh , Muralidharan K , Nannapan Satya Sree 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study explains the acid degradation behaviour of febuxostat API, a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat hyperuricemia. A degradation study was carried out as per ICH guidelines, while the study confirms that the febuxostat is largely stable in thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and basic hydrolytic conditions and labile in acid hydrolysis conditions. There were four different degradation products found during acid hydrolysis; of these, degradation products 2, 3, and 4 are new and have never been reported before, while degradation product 1 is well-known and has already been published. All these degradation products were identified using UPLC-MS analysis, purified by using preparative HPLC and characterized using HRMS and NMR techniques. The formed degradation products are by the hydrolysis of ester and cyano functional groups of the febuxostat molecule under acidic conditions. All degradation products structural characterization was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
A Novel Nomogram for prolonged length of stay in older patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Wang Jiurui , Xu Shengjia , Liu Jian , Liu Jing , Liang Qian , Yan Zeping , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Mengqi , Wang Zhiwei , Luan Xiaorong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Older patients with Chronic heart failure (Chronic HF) are frequently in hospital due to recurrent episodes of disease. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) not only increase the risk of infection and reduce bed turnover for patients, but also increase the burden of healthcare costs and overall social costs. LOS for older patients with Chronic HF cannot be ignored.
Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for a prolonged LOS in hospitalized older patients with chronic heart failure (Chronic HF) in China.
Methods
We analyzed 264 Chinese older patients with Chronic HF. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory test results were collected upon admission. The outcome was defined as a LOS longer than the median. Independent risk factors for prolonged LOS were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We validated and presented the model using bootstrap re-sampling in the form of a nomogram.
Results
The predictors included in the model were the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA), type of admission, diuretic use during hospitalization, number of past hospitalizations in the last year, and cardiac troponin I (CTNI). The original model had a c statistic of 0.780 and a Brier score of 0.189. The DCA curve showed that it has achieved good clinical benefits within a certain range. After internal validation by bootstrap re-sampling, the model had a c statistic of 0.761 and a Brier score of 0.200.
Conclusion
The model presented in this study can better predict the risk of prolonged LOS in older patients with Chronic HF, providing healthcare professionals with a reference for treatment and intervention.
Bax Inhibitor 1 preserves pancreatic β-cell proteostasis by limiting proinsulin misfolding and programmed cell death
Authors: Bailly-Maitre Beatrice , Blanc Marina , Xiao Peng , Lebeaupin Cynthia , Janona Marion , Habbouche Lama , Vaillant Nathalie , irondelle marie , Gilleron Jerome , Murcy Florent , Rousseau Déborah , Luci Carmeo , Barouillet Thibault , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Yvan-Charvet Laurent , Gual Philippe , Cardozo Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes steadily increases worldwide mirroring the prevalence of obesity. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress is activated in diabetes and contributes to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis through the activation of a terminal Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Our results uncover a new role for Bax Inhibitor-One (BI-1), a negative regulator of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1α) in preserving β-cell health against terminal UPR-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in the context of supraphysiological loads of insulin production. BI-1-deficient mice experience decline in endocrine pancreatic function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, namely obesity induced by High-Fat Diet (HFD). We observed early-onset diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, reduced serum insulin levels, β-cell loss, increased pancreatic lipases and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the progression of metabolic dysfunction. Pancreatic section analysis revealed that BI-1 deletion overburdens unfolded proinsulin in the ER of β-cells, confirmed by ultra-structural signs of ER stress with overwhelmed IRE1α endoribonuclease (RNase) activity in freshly isolated islets. ER stress led to β-cell dysfunction and islet loss, due to an increase in immature proinsulin granules and defects in insulin crystallization with the presence of Rod-like granules. These results correlated with the induction of autophagy, ER-phagy, and crinophagy quality controls mechanisms, likely to alleviate the atypical accumulation of misfolded proinsulin in the ER. In fine, BI-1 in β-cells limited IRE1α RNase activity from triggering programmed β-cell death through apoptosis and pyroptosis (caspase-1, IL-1β) via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and metabolic dysfunction. Pharmaceutical IRE1α inhibition with STF-083010 reversed β-cell failure and normalized the metabolic phenotype. These results uncover a new protective role for BI-1 in pancreatic β-cell physiology as a stress integrator to modulate the UPR triggered by accumulating unfolded proinsulin in the ER, as well as autophagy and programmed cell death, with consequences on β-cell function and insulin secretion.
Erythropoietin regulates developmental myelination in the brain stimulating postnatal oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Muttathukunnel Paola , Wälti Michael , Aboouf Mostafa A. , Koester-Hegmann Christina , Haenggi Tatjana , Gassmann Max , Pannzanelli Patrizia , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Gasser Edith M. Schneider 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Myelination is a process that is tightly regulated by a variety of neurotrophic factors. Here, we show - by analyzing two transgenic mouse lines, one overexpressing EPO selectively in the brain Tg21(PDGFB-rhEPO), and another with targeted removal of EPO receptors (EPORs) from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC)s (Sox10-cre;EPORfl/flmice) – a key function for EPO in regulating developmental brain myelination. Overexpression of EPO resulted in faster postnatal brain growth and myelination, an increased number of myelinating oligodendrocytes, faster axonal myelin ensheathment, and improved motor coordination. Inversely, targeted ablation of EPORs from OPCs reduced the number of mature oligodendrocytes and impaired motor coordination during the second postnatal week. Further, we found that EPORs are transiently expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during the second postnatal week, and they stimulate the Erk1/2 pathway as well as the expression of essential oligodendrocyte pro-differentiation and pro-maturation transcripts (Nkx6.2 and Myrf), and the Nfatc2/calcineurin pathway. Our results reveal developmental time windows in which EPORs are expressed when therapies could be highly effective for stimulating oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination.
Zolpidem-triggered atrial fibrillation in a patient with cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Jin Yunpeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotics widely used to manage insomnia. Zolpidem-triggered atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cardiomyopathy has never been reported before.
Case presentation: A 40-year-old man with Duchenne muscular dystrophy-related cardiomyopathy attempted suicide and developed new-onset AF after zolpidem overdose. One year before admission, the patient visited our clinic due to chest discomfort and fatigue after daily walks for 1 month; both electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-hour Holter ECG results did not detect AF. After administration of cardiac medication (digoxin 0.125 mg/day, spironolactone 40 mg/day, furosemide 20 mg/day, bisoprolol 5 mg/day, sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets 25 mg/day), he felt better. AF had never been observed before this admission via continuous monitoring during follow-up. Sixteen days before admission, the patient saw a sleep specialist and started on zolpidem tartrate tablets (10 mg/day) due to insomnia for 6 months; ECG results revealed no obvious change. The night before admission, the patient attempted suicide by overdose with 40 mg of zolpidem after an argument, which resulted in severe lethargy. At admission, his ECG revealed new-onset AF, so zolpidem was stopped immediately. 9 hours into admission, AFspontaneously terminated into normal sinus rhythm. Results from the ECG on the following days and the 24-hour Holter ECG at 1-month follow-up showed that no AF was detected.
Conclusions: Zolpidem is a frequent first choice of medication for insomnia. However, this case suggests zolpidem overdose could increase the risk of AF in patients with cardiomyopathy. Zolpidem could have caused AF via respiratory depression, which leads to acute atrial distension and hypercapnia. These acute transient arrhythmogenic changes during zolpidem overdose can increase vulnerability to AF in patient with pre-existing cardiomyopathy. Thus, the heart rhythm should be monitored when zolpidem is prescribed in patients with cardiomyopathy.