bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Coherence Photothermal Interferometry for Precision Spectroscopic Gas Sensing
Authors: Hong Yingzhen , Bao Haihong , Chen Feifan , Jin Wei , Ho Hoi Lut , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaser spectroscopy has shown great potential as a cost‐effective method for trace gas detection with high sensitivity and specificity. However, it still falls short in applications such as the measurement of stable isotope ratios, which require high precision and stability. Here, ultrasensitive gas detection with remarkable precision and stability as well as better immunity to isobaric interference is demonstrated by use of low‐coherence photothermal interferometry. With a 10 cm long hollow‐core fiber, acetylene detection is achieved with a noise‐equivalent concentration of 0.7 part‐per‐billion and measurement precision of 0.025%. The instability of the detection over a period of 3 h is ±0.038%, 10 times better than the state‐of‐the‐art photothermal spectroscopy. The measurement of the 13C/12C isotope ratio of acetylene is demonstrated with measurement precision of ≈0.01%. This study highlights the potential of low‐coherence photothermal interferometry as an alternative to mass spectrometers, offering reliable gas detection in a compact form.
Identification of a de novo variant in the ASXL2 gene related to Shashi‐Pena syndrome
Authors: Zheng Yanyan , Yang Le , Niu Mengmeng , Zhao Siyu , Liang Lili , Wu Yan , Li Taoli , Yang Fan , Yang Zuozhen , Wang Yan , Wang Dong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundASXL2 encodes proteins involved in epigenetic regulation and the assembly of transcription factors at specific genomic loci. Germline de novo truncating variants in ASXL2 have been implicated in Shashi‐Pena syndrome, which results in features of developmental delay (DD), glabellar nevus flammeus, hypotonia, and cardiac disorders. However, the variants are rare, and the clinical spectrum may be incomplete.MethodsThe clinical data such as brain MRI were collect. The whole exome sequencing was performed for genetic etiology analysis.ResultsHere, we report a patient with DD, hypotonia, early atrial septal defect, and abnormal white matter signal. She presented with Shashi–Pena syndrome with a truncated variant in ASXL2 (NM_018263.6, c.2142_2152del, p.Ser714Argfs*5). She died of a digestive tract infection when she was 1 year and 6 months old.ConclusionsOur study further expanded the spectrum of phenotypes and genetic variations of the syndrome, and we believe that it is necessary to screen the ASXL2 gene in patients with DD and cardiac and bone disorders.
Effects of malnutrition on outcomes of patients with femoral head osteonecrosis undergoing total hip arthroplasty: A population‐based study
Authors: Chuang Fu‐Kai , Yeh Tsu‐Te , Hung Chun‐Chi , Hsu Chun‐Liang , Shih Jen‐Ta , Shen Pei‐Hung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of malnutrition on in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsThis population‐based retrospective study extracted data of patients undergoing THA for ONFH in the US National Inpatient Sample between 2005 and 2018. Factors associated with in‐hospital mortality, medical and surgical complications, unfavorable discharge, and prolonged hospital stay were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 72,304 adults ≥18 years old with nontraumatic ONFH admitted for primary THA were included. Malnutrition was detected in 7152 (9.9%) patients using validated discharge codes. In‐hospital mortality was 0.8% vs 0.1% for patients who were malnourished vs nonmalnourished. After adjusting for confounders, malnutrition was significantly associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.67; 95% CI, 2.43–8.97), medical complications (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.32–1.68), surgical complications (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.61–1.96), unfavorable discharge (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11–1.39), and prolonged hospital stay (aOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.67–2.16) compared with adequate nutrition. Malnutrition was also associated with higher total hospital costs (adjusted β = $9620; 95% CI, 7.87–11.36). Furthermore, the association between malnutrition, any medical or surgical complications, and unfavorable discharge was stronger in patients younger than 50 years than those ≥50 years old.ConclusionsIn US patients undergoing primary THA for ONFH, malnutrition increases the risk of unfavorable in‐hospital outcomes. This patient subgroup may require special attention and better strategies to improve perioperative care.
Flexible and thermally conductive epoxy‐dispersed liquid crystal composites filled with functionalized boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Li Ying , Wu Yi , Huang Xiaoxiao , Gong Changdan , Shi Qin , Zhou Wenying , Cheng Qiwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn view of the problem of heat accumulation in electronic devices, the development of new composites with high thermal conductivity (TC) is the current research focus. Nowadays, improving TC often lead to inevitable deterioration of the mechanical properties of materials. In this work, the E‐functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (f‐BNNS)/liquid crystal monomer (LCM)/Epoxy‐thiol films with high TC were prepared by using flexible epoxy‐thiol polymer as matrix and LCM and f‐BNNS as thermal fillers via high voltage orientation molding. The epoxy‐thiol polymer possessed high intrinsic TC due to the regular arrangement of molecular chains and the f‐BNNS showed favorable dispersibility because of the modification by isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate (ITDPT). The results show that TC of E‐f‐BNNS/LCM/Epoxy‐thiol films with 30 wt% f‐BNNS content achieves 1.65 W/m·K and is 511.11% higher than that of pure epoxy‐thiol polymer (0.27 W/m·K). The tensile strength and elongation at break increase to 24.9 MPa and 47.41%, respectively. The favorable results are attributed to the ordered arrangement of f‐BNNS and molecular chains, resulting from the hydrogen‐bonding interaction between OH group in f‐BNNS, LCM and epoxy‐thiol polymer. This research provides a simple and feasible method for preparing flexible epoxy polymer films with high TC.Highlights
The functional BNNS was achieved by isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate.
Effects of matrix thermal conductivity on films thermal conductivity are probed.
High voltage orientation molding are used for preparing epoxy composite films.
The films demonstrate excellent thermal conductivity and favorable tensile strength.
Advance in the pharmacological effects of quercetin in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders
Authors: Zhou Yueke , Qian Cheng , Tang Yu , Song Mengyao , Zhang Teng , Dong Guanglu , Zheng Weiwei , Yang Chunmei , Zhong Chongjin , Wang Aiyun , Zhao Yang , Lu Yin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNumerous pharmacological effects of quercetin have been illustrated, including antiinflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer properties. In recent years, the antioxidant activity of quercetin has been extensively reported, in particular, its impacts on glutathione, enzyme activity, signaling transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin has also been demonstrated to exert a striking antiinflammatory effect mainly by inhibiting the production of cytokines, reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and preserving the integrity of mast cells. By regulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are regarded as two critical processes involved in the defense and regular physiological operation of biological systems, quercetin has been validated to be effective in treating a variety of disorders. Symptoms of these reactions have been linked to degenerative processes and metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegeneration, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite that evidence demonstrates that antioxidants are employed to prevent excessive oxidative and inflammatory processes, there are still concerns regarding the expense, accessibility, and side effects of agents. Notably, natural products, especially those derived from plants, are widely accessible, affordable, and generally safe. In this review, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory abilities of the active ingredient quercetin and its application in oxidative stress‐related disorders have been outlined in detail.
Forecast evaluation of the North Pacific jet stream using AR Recon dropwindsondes
Authors: Lavers David A. , Torn Ryan D. , Davis Chris , Richardson David S. , Ralph F. Martin , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe term jet stream generally refers to a narrow region of intense winds near the top of the midlatitude or subtropical troposphere. It is in the midlatitude jet stream where instabilities and waves may develop into synoptic‐scale systems, which in turn makes accurately resolving the structure of the jet stream and associated features critical for atmospheric development, predictability, and impacts, such as extreme precipitation and winds. Using dropwindsonde observations collected during the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance (AR Recon) campaign from 2020 to 2022, this study assesses the North Pacific jet stream structure in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). Results show that the IFS has a slow‐wind bias on the lead times assessed, with the strongest winds (≥50 m·s−1) having a bias of up to −1.88 m·s−1 on forecast day 4. Also, the IFS cannot resolve the sharp potential vorticity (PV) gradient across the jet stream and tropopause, and this PV gradient weakens with forecast lead time. Cases with larger wind biases are characterized by higher PV biases and PV biases tend to be larger for cases with a higher horizontal PV gradient. These results suggest that further model‐based experiments are needed to identify and address these biases, which could ultimately yield increased forecast accuracy.
A random‐effect gamma process model with random initial degradation for accelerated destructive degradation testing data
Authors: Ling Man Ho , Bae Suk Joo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn accelerated degradation test (ADT) hastens degradation mechanisms of products by loading higher stresses than normal use conditions to shorten testing time. In some situations, degradation levels during ADT can be measured only by destructive inspection where testing units must be destroyed or physical characteristics are significantly changed after measuring the performance degradation. For such an accelerated destructive degradation test (ADDT), initial degradation levels may vary from item to item. In this regard, we propose a random‐effect gamma process model with random initial degradation for the reliability analysis of ADDT data. Under the proposed modeling framework, we derive the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the model parameters and construct an inferential procedure for the parameters and reliability measures of interest, using asymptotic properties of the MLEs. In particular, the mean and the variance of the mean‐time‐to‐failure of the products from the ADDT data are explicitly derived in closed forms. Monte Carlo simulations under various scenarios are performed to validate the performance of proposed maximum likelihood estimation and inferential methods for the ADDT data. Finally, reliability estimation at a normal use condition and inferential procedures are illustrated through an ADDT example of return‐springs in a bi‐functional DC motor system of an automobile.
Autonomous aerial robotics for package delivery: A technical review
Authors: Saunders Jack , Saeedi Sajad , Li Wenbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained significant interest in the last decade. More specifically these vehicles have the capacity to impact package delivery logistics in a disruptive way. This paper reviews research problems and state‐of‐the‐art solutions that facilitate package delivery. Different aerial manipulators and grippers are listed along with control techniques to address stability issues. Landing on a platform is next discussed which encompasses static and dynamic platforms. Landing on a dynamic platform presents further challenges. This includes delayed control responses and poor precision of the relative motion between the platform and the aerial vehicle. Subsequently, risks such as weather conditions, state estimation, and collision avoidance to ensure safe transit is considered. Finally, delivery UAV routing is investigated which categorizes the topic into two areas: drone operations and drone–truck collaborative operations. Additionally, we compare the solutions against design, environmental, and legal constraints.
Thermodynamically and Kinetically Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Dong , Okamoto Takuya , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHalide perovskites are ideal for next‐generation optical devices and photovoltaics. Although perovskite single‐crystals show reproducible optoelectronic properties, significant variations in the crystal size, anisotropy, density, defects, photoluminescence (PL), and carrier lifetime affect the sample properties and device performances. Homogenous size and shape FA/MAPbBr3 single microcrystals (MCs) with controlled edge lengths, crystal densities, PL lifetimes, and PL intensities are prepared by thermodynamically controlling and kinetically separating the crystal nucleation‐growth processes using optimum N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (CHP) concentration. The crystal growth kinetics at different CHP concentrations and temperatures are estimated spectroscopically by measuring the concentration of Pb (II). High‐density cubic MCs with a homogenous size distribution, high PL intensities, and long PL lifetimes are obtained within minutes at high temperatures by the controlled addition of the pyrrolidone derivative. Conversely, the crystal size nonlinearly increases with time at low temperatures. The isotropically grown high‐density single crystals at controlled nucleation‐growth rates at 190 °C with 20% CHP show the highest PL intensity and the longest PL lifetimes. This method offers thermodynamic and kinetic control of perovskite single‐crystal growth with shape control.
Case study of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge—Energy usage, footprint, and nutrient removal
Authors: Ekholm Jennifer , de Blois Mark , Persson Frank , Gustavsson David J. I. , Bengtsson Simon , van Erp Tim , Wilén Britt‐Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study demonstrates a comparison of energy usage, land footprint, and volumetric requirements of municipal wastewater treatment with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) at a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant characterized by large fluctuations in nutrient loadings and temperature. The concentration of organic matter in the influent to the AGS was increased by means of hydrolysis and bypassing the pre‐settler. Both treatment lines produced effluent concentrations below 5 mg BOD7 L−1, 10 mg TN L−1, and 1 mg TP L−1, by enhanced biological nitrogen‐ and phosphorus removal. In this case study, the averages of volumetric energy usage over 1 year were 0.22 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.07 kWh m−3 for the AGS and CAS, respectively. A larger difference was observed for the energy usage per reduced population equivalents (P.E.), which was on average 0.19 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.−1 for the AGS and 0.30 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.−1 for the CAS. However, both processes had the potential for decreased energy usage. Over 1 year, both processes showed similar fluctuations in energy usage, related to variations in loading, temperature, and DO. The AGS had a lower specific area, 0.3 m2 m−3 d−1, compared to 0.6 m2 m−3 d−1 of the CAS, and also a lower specific volume, 1.3 m3 m−3 d−1 compared to 2.0 m3 m−3 d−1. This study confirms that AGS at full‐scale can be compact and still have comparable energy usage as CAS.Practitioner Points
Full‐scale case study comparison of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS), operated in parallel.
AGS had 50 % lower footprint compared to CAS.
Energy usage was lower in the AGS, but both processes had potential to improve the energy usage efficiency.
Both processes showed low average effluent concentrations.
Symmetries and spectral statistics in chaotic conformal field theories
Authors: Haehl Felix M. , Marteau Charles , Reeves Wyatt , Rozali Moshe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We discuss spectral correlations in coarse-grained chaotic two-dimensional CFTs with large central charge. We study a partition function describing the dense part of the spectrum of primary states in a way that disentangles the chaotic properties of the spectrum from those which are a consequence of Virasoro symmetry and modular invariance. We argue that random matrix universality in the near-extremal limit is an independent feature of each spin sector separately; this is a non-trivial statement because the exact spectrum is fully determined by only the spectrum of spin zero primaries and those of a single non-zero spin (“spectral determinacy”). We then describe an argument analogous to the one leading to Cardy’s formula for the averaged density of states, but in our case applying it to spectral correlations: assuming statistical universalities in the near-extremal spectrum in all spin sectors, we find similar random matrix universality in a large spin regime far from extremality.
Geometry of conformal manifolds and the inversion formula
Authors: Balthazar Bruno , Córdova Clay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Families of conformal field theories are naturally endowed with a Riemannian geometry which is locally encoded by correlation functions of exactly marginal operators. We show that the curvature of such conformal manifolds can be computed using Euclidean and Lorentzian inversion formulae, which combine the operator content of the conformal field theory into an analytic function. Analogously, operators of fixed dimension define bundles over the conformal manifold whose curvatures can also be computed using inversion formulae. These results relate curvatures to integrated four-point correlation functions which are sensitive only to the behavior of the theory at separated points. We apply these inversion formulae to derive convergent sum rules expressing the curvature in terms of the spectrum of local operators and their three-point function coefficients. We further show that the curvature can smoothly diverge only if a conserved current appears in the spectrum, or if the theory develops a continuum. We verify our results explicitly in 2d examples. In particular, for 2d (2,2) superconformal field theories we derive a lower bound on the scalar curvature, which is saturated by free theories when the central charge is a multiple of three.
On the Topological Generation of Exceptional Groups by Unipotent Elements
Authors: Burness Timothy C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet G be a simple algebraic group of exceptional type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $$p \geqslant 0$$

p
⩾
0

which is not algebraic over a finite field. Let $$\mathcal {C}_1, \ldots , \mathcal {C}_t$$

C
1

,
…
,

C
t

be non-central conjugacy classes in G. In earlier work with Gerhardt and Guralnick, we proved that if $$t \geqslant 5$$

t
⩾
5

(or $$t \geqslant 4$$

t
⩾
4

if $$G = G_2$$

G
=

G
2

), then there exist elements $$x_i \in \mathcal {C}_i$$

x
i

∈

C
i

such that $$\langle x_1, \ldots , x_t \rangle $$

⟨

x
1

,
…
,

x
t

⟩

is Zariski dense in G. Moreover, this bound on t is best possible. Here we establish a more refined version of this result in the special case where $$p>0$$

p
>
0

and the $$\mathcal {C}_i$$

C
i

are unipotent classes containing elements of order p. Indeed, in this setting we completely determine the classes $$\mathcal {C}_1, \ldots , \mathcal {C}_t$$

C
1

,
…
,

C
t

for $$t \geqslant 2$$

t
⩾
2

such that $$\langle x_1, \ldots , x_t \rangle $$

⟨

x
1

,
…
,

x
t

⟩

is Zariski dense for some $$x_i \in \mathcal {C}_i$$

x
i

∈

C
i

.
Changes to volatile profiles of arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis, from drought and insect infestation: olfactory cues for the cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei
Authors: Bozsik Gábor , Molnár Béla Péter , Domingue Michael J. , Szőcs Gábor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus aubei (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) prefers to build breeding galleries in decaying host trees. However, volatile cues specific to decaying or actively infested trees have not yet been reported. Any such information would be useful for the management of this invasive, wood-boring species that has become established across Europe in the temperate zone and is now a key pest of ornamental Cupressaceae in nurseries and urban landscapes. Our objective was to reveal key components in host volatiles specific to stressed trees, which could be potential signals for the pest of its suitability for colonisation. Volatile profiles of arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ suffering from either dehydration or fresh infestation of P. aubei was collected and compared to that samples from healthy control trees. Analyses of volatiles by gas chromatography coupled to an electroantennographic detector revealed substantial differences between healthy, dehydrated and infested trees. Structural elucidation of the major antennally active components revealed that both α-pinene and α-thujene were prevalent in the volatiles of infested trees, whilst α-thujone was the major component in volatiles of healthy trees. In volatiles collected from trunks housing fresh P. aubei female nuptial chambers, sharp increases of β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, and p-cymene were noticed, alongside trace amounts of camphene and fenchene. Volatiles collected from fresh frass showed a similar profile, but with a somewhat smaller amount of limonene. Fenchone was present in each type of volatiles, however, only in low amounts. Further studies should be directed to reveal the behavioural role of these components, which could be helpful in developing kairomone-based techniques for monitoring the flight of the pest in stands of scale-leafed trees.