bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omnisubjectivity
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This book explains and defends the idea that the God of the monotheistic religions has the property of omnisubjectivity, the property of perfectly grasping every conscious state of every conscious being from the first-person perspective of the subject. God not only knows all objective facts, such as the fact that someone is in pain, but God is present in the pain, grasping it the way the bearer of the pain grasps it. The book argues that this attribute is entailed by omniscience, omnipresence, divine love, and divine justice, and it is presupposed in common practices of prayer. Three models of omnisubjectivity are described: the empathy model, the perceptual model, and panentheism. The book then defends the idea that omnisubjectivity extends to the possible but non-actual conscious states of all possible conscious beings. God grasps all possible subjective states in his imagination. The book then shows how the Christian form of the attribute of omnisubjectivity affects the doctrines of the Trinity, the Incarnation, and the infusion of the Holy Spirit. The book concludes that subjectivity and intersubjectivity are deep in the universe, deeper than the universe as it is objectively described.
Interatomic Potentials with Electron Temperature
Authors: Moriarty John A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In Chapters 7 and 8, the high temperature (T) properties of metals were treated in the conventional weak-coupling limit, where zero-T quantum-based interatomic (QBIPs) are applied to obtain the thermal components of thermodynamic properties in the solid as well as the liquid. In this chapter, we consider the alternative strong-coupling limit, where the ion and electron temperatures are treated on an equal footing, leading to explicit T-dependent QBIPs. Such a strong-coupling treatment can be important for narrow-band 3d and 4d transition metals near melt due to their high density of electronic states and corresponding large observed specific heats. Here the generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT) of QBIPs is first extended to finite electron temperature within the rigorous Mermin formulation of density functional theory. For a Mo prototype, T-dependent model-GPT potentials have then been developed for optimized noncanonical d bands and applied to the simulation of the high-pressure melt curve, a result that is found to be in excellent agreement with both experiment and full quantum molecular dynamics simulations.
Law and Social Practice: Foundations of the Leap of Faith
Authors: Thomas Jean 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter locates legal normativity in social normative practice. Gardner’s jurisprudence points to the ‘Euthyphro’ gap between legal and moral points of view. This insight suggests that if one accepts both (1) law’s moral potential and (2) its social foundations, then our account of legal normativity ought to allow for the possibility of making the ‘leap’ from one point of view to the other—moving from a non-ideal case to one in which law fulfils its moral potential. Gardner suggests that the leap of faith enabling this lies in law’s source of validity. Whereas Gardner envisions that source in a presupposition, this chapter focuses on social normative practice. This requires that norms be transmitted socially. Social normative practice involves the transfer of the internal point of view itself from one person to another, and is possible because of the affective and associational ties people have to one another.
Gardner’s Pluralistic Virtue Jurisprudence
Authors: Amaya Amalia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
John Gardner is not identified with virtue jurisprudence, even though his work provides important insights on virtue and law. This chapter focuses on one main tenet of his virtue jurisprudence, namely, the claim that virtues are foils to each other. Gardner’s virtues-as-foils view is an original thesis that illuminates important aspects of the nature, structure, and phenomenology of virtue. Nonetheless, it is also problematic. It is in tension with central tenets of virtue theory, that is, that virtues are constitutive components of the good life and that the virtuous person embodies a valuable normative ideal; it is also questionable from a phenomenological and developmental point of view; and it has troubling implications as an account of institutional virtue. Despite these problems, the virtues-as-foils thesis is of paramount importance for virtue-oriented work in law, in that it paves the way for the development of a pluralistic version of virtue jurisprudence.
Rape Trauma and Rape’s Wrongness
Authors: Greasley Kate 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a widely discussed article co-authored with Stephen Shute, John Gardner offered a persuasive argument to the effect that the core wrongness of rape is not, as it seems, a function of the harmfulness of rape, but of something else: the rapist’s sheer sexual use of the victim, which is potentially harmless. In subsequent writing, partly in response to criticisms, Gardner sought to restate and clarify his view about the role of rape trauma in rape’s wrongness. A guiding thought in both his earlier and his later work is that the reasonableness of distress and anguish as a response to rape suggests that those reactions respond to and evaluate a prior, harm-independent wrong, thus revealed as the more basic wrong of rape. More strongly, he argued, we must agree that rape trauma is only epiphenomenal to, or derivative of, rape’s basic wrongness, if we are to affirm the rationality of rape victims. In this reappraisal, I focus most attention on this intriguing argument. Drawing on a comparison with the wrong of emotional abuse, I interrogate this argument about reasonable reactions and consider how to soften the choice it presents between affirming the rationality of rape victims and allowing some role for rape trauma in grounding the distinctive wrongness of rape.
Origins of object concepts in infancy: A perceptual account
Authors: Johnson Scott P. , Gavin Bremner J. , Slater Alan M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
One prominent cognitive developmental theory proposed that concepts of objects as coherent, enduring, and stable are constructed as infants gain experience interacting with objects and observing the consequences of object-oriented actions. An alternative account of object knowledge in infancy is based on the assumption that infants possess innate core knowledge of objects with which they reason about observed events. Here, a perceptual account of development of object concepts is proposed. On the perceptual account, young infants’ perception of object unity and that of object persistence, two foundations of mature object concepts, are susceptible to perceptual constraints such that young infants require a combination of cues to perceive unity or persistence across occlusion. Young infants thus perceive object persistence only under limited conditions, and over the early months, perception of persistence becomes more robust. In the chapter, the authors argue that these perceptual developments within the first six postnatal months likely underpin the later development of cognitive principles, including object concepts, and present substantial empirical support for the perceptual account.
Smelling odours and tasting flavours: Distinguishing orthonasal smell from retronasal olfaction
Authors: Young Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The olfactory system contains two senses that share the same type of stimuli, sensory transduction mechanism, and processing centres. Yet, orthonasal and retronasal olfaction differ in their types of perceptible objects as individuated by their sensory qualities. What will be explored is how the account of orthonasal smell developed in the Molecular Structure Theory of smell can be expanded for retronasal olfaction. Surveying the differences between orthonasal and retronasal olfaction provides the basis for the central argument that the perceptible objects we refer to as smells and individuated on the basis of their olfactory qualities are only relative to orthonasal olfaction. Retronasal olfaction, it is speculatively concluded, might play an essential role in our perception of flavourful objects.
Visuo-haptic object processing in the multisensory brain
Authors: Lacey Simon , Sathian K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is now over 20 years since the old orthodoxy of the brain as organized around discrete sensory channels feeding into higher-order multisensory convergence zones was challenged by the concept of a ‘metamodal’ brain with an inherently multisensory, task-based organization. This chapter concentrates on interactions between vision and touch in object perception and recognition, and the neural bases of such interactions. The chapter discusses the evidence for a model of visuo-haptic object recognition that takes into account object familiarity and the idea that visual imagery comprises object and spatial dimensions, and the resulting inferences that can be drawn about the underlying representation of object shape.
Sensitivity auditing
Authors: Piano Samuele Lo , Sheikholeslami Razi , Puy Arnald , Saltelli Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mathematical models that draw inference from real systems are often used to inform policy-making processes. However, system complexity and uncertainties require effective tools to ensure the credibility of a model. Critical aspects include acknowledging the conditionality of model-based knowing and refraining from overinterpreting the results. We show that sensitivity auditing, an extension of sensitivity analysis to the entire cycle of model framing and building, is an effective means to scrutinize policy-relevant modelling activities, including forms of quantifications such as metrics, indicators, and rankings. Sensitivity auditing, that is also inspired by the epistemology of post-normal science, calls on modellers to examine the assumptions during model construction and operation, including those relating to the identification of the nature of the problem and of the policy context. In this contribution, we present four real-world applications of sensitivity auditing in public health, education, human–water systems, and food provision systems.
Mathematical modelling, rule-making, and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Ting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light the need to rethink the ways in which rules and decisions are made and what rule-making can achieve under conditions of uncertainty. Among the recommendations put forward by a recent Manifesto is to ‘pay attention to the unknowns’. This forces us to examine three interrelated questions: what is the nature of mathematical modelling? What kinds of uncertainty are there in the contested arena of science for rule-making? What ideas and approaches can help us better address the interaction between mathematical modelling and rule-making under conditions of uncertainty? This chapter addresses these three questions in detail.
Mechanism of ozone alleviation of malignant ascites in hepatocellular carcinoma through the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Han Feng , Guo Jiayou , Mu Mingchen , Bian Ka , Cui Zhenting , Duan Qiong , Ma Jianxin , Jin Lai , Liu Wentao , Chen Fanghong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Malignant ascites in hepatocellular carcinoma is usually a sign of advanced disease and poor prognosis and is also thought to be associated with chronic inflammation mediated by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) networks. Although ozone, a strong oxidant, has significant antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, its effectiveness in treating malignant liver ascites is unclear. We first measured the levels of NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with liver cancer and healthy individuals. Next, we constructed the H22 tumor-bearing mouse model and observed the abdominal girth, body weight, survival rate, and survival time in each group; we marked the proteins associated with NETs in mouse intestinal tissues by immunofluorescence; cf-DNA and cytokines in ascites such as: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in ascites were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of phosphorylated adenylate-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK) and scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) were detected by immunocytochemistry in the intestinal tissues of each group of mice. We further examined the expression of P-AMPK and SR-A proteins in ascites deposits by Western blotting. The results show, the plasma levels of NETs were higher in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal subjects (P &lt; 0.01). Abdominal girth and body weight were significantly reduced in the ozone-treated group compared with the model group, while survival and survival time were dose dependently increased (both P &lt; 0.05). NET-associated guanine histone H3 and myeloperoxidase were abundantly expressed at neutrophil aggregates in the intestinal tissues of the model mice, whereas their expression was significantly reduced in the ozone-treated group. The levels of cf-DNA, IL-6, IFN-γ, MMP-9, VEGF, and TNF-α were dose dependently increased in the ascites of H22 tumor-bearing mice in the ozone-treated group compared with the model group (all P &lt; 0.01), while the expression of P-AMPK and SR-A proteins was increased in the ozone-treated group compared with the model group. Ozone showed significant antiperitoneal fluid production properties in H22 tumor-bearing mice, and ozone reduced peritoneal fluid production by activating AMPK and up-regulating SR-A phagocytosis damage-associated molecular patterns to reduce the production of NETs. This suggests that ozone could be used as a new drug for the treatment of malignant ascites in hepatocellular carcinoma.
The tobacco quitline setting as a teachable moment: The Educating Quitline Users About Lung (EQUAL) cancer screening randomized trial
Authors: Webster Marguerite , Whealan Julia , Williams Randi M , Eyestone Ellie , Le Ariel , Childs Jack , Kao Jen-Yuan , Martin Maria , Wolfe Sara , Yang Felice , Hung Pei-Yao , Lau Yan Kwan , Luta George , Tammemagi Martin , Meza Rafael , Taylor Kathryn L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose CT is recommended for high-risk individuals, screening adherence remains low. We conducted a randomized trial to compare two methods of providing LCS education to Maryland Tobacco Quitline (MTQ) callers in order to assess whether this setting may serve as a teachable moment for LCS-eligible individuals. MTQ callers (50–80 years, 20+ pack-years, prior LCS ≥12 months) completed the baseline and were randomized to the Print- or Web-based version of ShouldIScreen.com. Participants completed 1- and 4-month follow-up assessments to evaluate intervention engagement and LCS-related outcomes. Participants (Print = 152, Web = 146) were 61.7 (SD = 6.3) years old and reported 63.5 pack-years (SD = 36.0). Most identified as Black (54.2%), female (66.1%), having internet access (78.9%), completing other recommended cancer screenings (86.3%), and that they would undergo LCS if recommended by their provider (91.3%). By 4 months, significantly more Print (75.0%) than Web (61.6%) participants had read the materials (P = .01). Most reported the interventions contained “the right amount” of information (92.6%) and prepared them to talk with their doctor (57.2%). Regarding screening-related outcomes, 42.8% (Print) and 43.8% (Web) had scheduled or completed a low-dose CT scan or a shared decision-making visit (P = .86). In a racially diverse sample of LCS-eligible quitline callers, offering LCS educational materials resulted in high intervention engagement and screening-related appointments. As &gt;20% did not have internet access, providing participants’ preferred modality (web/print) may improve intervention engagement and knowledge. Improving LCS awareness represents an important opportunity to increase screening among eligible but unscreened quitline callers.
Individual, socioeconomic and healthcare access factors influencing the delays in leprosy presentation, diagnosis and treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: de Oliveira Serra Maria Aparecida Alves , da Silva Regiane Aquino Alves , Monari Flavia Ferreira , Silva Julianna Oliveira e , de Sá Junior Jurandir Xavier , Silva Roberta de Araújo e , Fontoura Iolanda Graepp , Neto Marcelino Santos , de Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
This study investigated the factors influencing the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in primary healthcare.

Methods
Qualitative research was conducted on patients undergoing treatment in a priority hyperendemic region for leprosy control in northeastern Brazil. Interviews were conducted between September and December 2020 at primary healthcare centers. Data were analysed based on the basic interpretive qualitative structure according to Andersen and Newman's model of healthcare utilisation.

Results
Knowledge of leprosy symptoms influenced patients' search for a diagnosis. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions experienced by patients made diagnosis and treatment difficult. Incorrect evaluations by health professionals caused difficulties and delays in obtaining a diagnosis of leprosy. Perceptions about the disease, such as non-acceptance of the disease and the adverse effects of the medications, affected treatment seeking and treatment continuity.

Conclusions
Patients with leprosy faced delays and healthcare access barriers related to knowledge of the disease, socioeconomic conditions and the structure of healthcare services, which must be considered when creating care plans, surveillance and control actions against leprosy. Appropriate interventions are necessary to reduce delays and better control the disease.
The significance of a forum selection agreement as an indicator of the implied choice of law in international contracts: a global comparative perspective
Authors: Okoli Chukwuma Samuel Adesina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Where the parties to an international contract fail to specify the choice of law, a forum selection agreement is one of the most, if not the most, significant factors to consider in implying the choice of law in many international, supranational, regional instruments, and national jurisdictions. However, it is an ill-defined, notoriously complex, and hotly debated issue as to the weight that should be attached to a forum selection agreement in implying the choice of law. Hence, this article is devoted to discussing this topic from a comparative perspective, in order to propose a guide to global uniform criteria. To achieve this, the article covers all relevant international, regional, and supranational instruments, and selected legal systems in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America. The legal systems compared include those from the global North and global South, including common law, civil law, and mixed legal systems. The article’s core proposal is that an exclusive forum selection agreement should be a key factor in implying the choice of law. However, except in such cases as where a forum is chosen on a neutral basis, there should be a general requirement of corroboration with at least one other factor of significance. The aim of the proposal is to contribute to greater uniformity, predictability, and certainty in the global community in this field of law.
Change in Peak Oxygen Uptake Predicted by the Moderate 1-km Treadmill Walking Test After Walking Training in Outpatients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Raisi Andrea , Bernardi Eva , Myers Jonathan , Piva Tommaso , Zerbini Valentina , Masotti Sabrina , Menegatti Erica , Caruso Lorenzo , Mazzoni Gianni , Grazzi Giovanni , Mandini Simona 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the moderate 1-km treadmill walking test (1km-TWT) to predict changes in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) in patients with stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) during an exercise-based secondary prevention program.

Methods:
Sixty-four male outpatients with stable CVD (age 64 [41-85] yr) performed the 1km-TWT before and after an 8-wk walking training program. Patient V˙O2peak was estimated using a sex-specific equation including age, body mass index, 1km-TWT performance time, and heart rate (V˙O2peakEST). Forty-one patients completed a maximal cardiopulmonary treadmill test (CPX) for direct V˙O2peak determination (V˙O2peakMEAS). The training prescription consisted of moderate-to-high intensity supervised walking for 30-40 min/session, and an additional 2-4 times/wk of unsupervised home moderate walking sessions between 20-60 min at the end of the program. The walking intensity was based on the results of the 1km-TWT.

Results:
Patients participated in an average of 14 of the 16 supervised sessions. An overall significant improvement in V˙O2peakMEAS and weekly recreational physical activity levels were observed. No differences were observed between V˙O2peakMEAS and V˙O2peakEST. Compared with CPX results, the 1km-TWT underestimated the V˙O2peak increase after the exercise intervention (mean difference −0.3 mL/kg/min, P > .05).

Conclusions:
The 1km-TWT provides a reasonably accurate and simple tool to predict changes in V˙O2peak due to moderate walking training in male outpatients with CVD. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of the 1km-TWT for exercise testing and training purposes in the context of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs.
Travel nurses and patient outcomes
Authors: Vander Weerdt Candice , Peck Jessica A. , Porter Tracy 
Published: August 2023

Background
The unprecedented use of travel and temporary nurses in recent years requires further investigation of the impact on patient care.

Purpose
We conducted a systematic review of empirical research investigating the relationship between travel nurses and patient care to identify if consistent significant associations exist and how structural and process variables may influence such associations.

Methods
A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of six databases resulted in the identification of 21 relevant articles.

Results
The existing research of travel nurse use differs widely in terms of the definition of travel nurse, study design, and included controls. The literature has failed to establish a consistent relationship between travel nurses and patient outcomes. Adverse associations between travel nursing and patient care may reflect staffing levels or work environments rather than the specific care by the travel nurses themselves.

Practice Implications
Underlying structural and process variables, such as staffing levels and the practice work environment, may be confounding associations between travel nurse usage and quality patient care. Administrators and managers are urged to assess staffing and the work environment when employing travel nurses.