bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution model-based iterative reconstruction for lens-coupled micro-CT imaging
Authors: Zhao Qingxian , Li Jing , Li Yi , Luo Shouhua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lens-coupled high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) uses a visible light magnification system behind the x-ray path to achieve higher resolution imaging than conventional micro-CT. However, the spatial resolution is theoretically limited by optical diffraction and mechanical control precision. As a result, the current system resolution is still insufficient for some applications, such as the imaging of biological materials whose structures are on the nanometer scale. To overcome this limitation, a super-resolution algorithm can be employed to improve the image resolution beyond the theoretical upper bound of the ideal spatial resolution of the system. In this work, a super-resolution model-based iterative reconstruction (SR-MBIR) algorithm is proposed based on a lens-coupled high-resolution micro-CT system and a high-precision nano-stage attached to the rotation stage of the system. The algorithm employs a scanning program that dithers the object via the nano-stage to obtain multiple sets of projection images with sub-pixel information. The blur and noise statistical models are introduced into the physical model for iterative reconstruction, allowing for super-resolution, deblurring, and noise suppression. The results of simulation data and actual data show that the SR-MBIR algorithm has a prominent effect in improving image resolution. The reconstructed images have sharper edges, better details, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and can effectively suppress the systematic blur and noise in the imaging process, thus achieving superior interior reconstruction quality.
A modified architecture of a perovskite solar cell with an enhanced optical absorption in the visible spectrum
Authors: Tooghi Alireza , Karimi Yonjali Yousef 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The incomplete absorption of light in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to the escape of photons and the waste of their energy in the visible spectrum hinders the efficiency of this type of solar cell. Utilizing light-trapping nanostructures and stimulating the device’s plasmonic is an efficient way to increase absorption and reduce the energy losses. In this paper, a novel configuration of a nanostructured PSC with a plasmonic enhancement has been introduced to confine light in the active layer and boost energy harvesting. According to the conducted calculations, the modified configuration supports 23.4% higher short-circuit current density (J
SC) and 21% power conversion efficiency compared to the conventional PSC. In this study, the finite element method has been employed to perform numerical simulations of the examined structures. For modeling and characterizing solar cells, optical physics of the devices is used in conjunction with their electrical physics.
Annealing temperature dependent properties for Ni/Ti/W Ohmic contacts simultaneously formed on n- and p-type 4H-SiC
Authors: Ge Niannian , Wan Caiping , Jin Zhi , Xu Hengyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The paper investigated the annealing temperature dependence of electrical and structural properties for Ni (50 nm)/Ti (60 nm)/W (60 nm) Ohmic contacts simultaneously formed on n- and p-type 4H-SiC by in-depth electrical and physical characterization. With the annealing temperature rising in the range of 900 °C–1050 °C, the specific contact resistances (SCRs) of both n- and p-type Ohmic contacts monotonously decreased with a similar trend in the range of 1 × 10−4–1 × 10−6 Ω cm2, which was favorable for the simultaneous formation of n- and p-type Ohmic contacts with lower SCRs in the active region. For n-type Ohmic contacts, the variation of SCRs with annealing temperatures was correlated to the relative proportion of the total contact area occupied by the (220) plane compared to the other planes for the polycrystalline and textured δ-Ni2Si film at the contact interface characterized by x-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the surface morphology of Ohmic contacts under different annealing temperatures was highly similar with almost identical root mean square roughness of about 6.2 nm measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which was thought to be smooth enough for the wire bonding process from the perspective of device applications. The distinct W layer with no evidence of obvious intermixing and the great distance of released free carbon away from the contact surface makes the surface morphology smooth and uniform.
Controlling the light diffraction through a single subwavelength metallic slit via phase gradient
Authors: Li Songsong , Fu Yangyang , Gao Lei , Jiang Jian-Hua , Xu Yadong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we show that the concept of phase gradient metasurfaces provides a versatile way to control the diffraction of light through small holes or slits. As an example, we consider a single subwavelength metallic slit surrounded by air grooves of gradient depth that induces the expected phase gradient. It is found that for normal incident light, the phase gradient can enable unidirectional excitation of surface plasmons, which flow directionally toward the slit, resulting in extraordinary optical transmission beyond that in conventional ways. Using this scheme, unidirectional radiation of an optical dipole located inside the slit can be obtained when different phase gradients are applied to both sides of the metal plate.
Physicochemical properties and AC magnetic field induced heating properties of solvothermally prepared thiospinel: Fe3S4 (greigite) nanoparticles
Authors: Aarathy A R , Lahiri B B , Pillai S Savitha , Philip John 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The presence of greigite (Fe3S4) nanoparticles in bacterial magnetosomes, and its lower toxicity have emerged as favourable aspects for its potential applications in various bio-medical applications, including magnetic hyperthermia. Despite having a number of intriguing features, systematic research on the heating efficiency of Fe3S4 nanoparticles (MNPs) in an AC magnetic field is scarce, which is primarily due to the difficulties in preparing phase pure greigite MNPs. In this study, greigite MNPs are prepared using a solvothermal approach, utilizing ethylene glycol as a solvent, and surface functionalized with varied concentrations of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). Studies using powder x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy demonstrate the development of crystalline Fe3S4 MNPs (average crystallite size: 19–23 nm) with flaky or flower-like morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the lattice is composed primarily of iron and sulphur. The existence of bio-compatible PVA polymer on the surface of the coated MNPs is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For the uncoated MNPs, the magnetization at 90 kOe and the effective anisotropy energy density values are found to be ∼ 15.2 emu g−1 and ∼ 22.3 kJ m−3, respectively. Due to the improved colloidal stability, magneto-calorimetric experiments reveal higher AC magnetic field induced heating efficiency for the PVA-coated MNPs. The highest specific absorption rate (SAR) is obtained as ∼ 67.8 ± 2.6 W/gFe in the current study, which is several times higher than the previously published values for synthetic Fe3S4 MNPs. Furthermore, for samples with comparable saturation magnetization and crystallite size, SAR is found to increase with initial susceptibility. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies show good bio-compatibility for the prepared greigite MNPs. The experimental findings provide deeper insights into the preparation of Fe3S4 MNPs using a simple solvothermal technique, and its AC magnetic field induced heating efficiency.
Light absorption enhancement of perovskite solar cells by a modified anti-reflection layer with corrugated void-like nanostructure using finite difference time domain methods
Authors: Mulyanti Budi , Anwar Muhammad Raihan , Wulandari Chandra , Hasanah Lilik , Pawinanto Roer Eka , Hamidah Ida , Rusydi Andrivo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have become a growing research interest due to their flexibility, attractive properties, and low production cost. However, the thin-film structure of PSC often results in a not fully absorbed incident light by the active layer, which is crucial to determine PSC efficiency. Thus, the fabrication of an active layer with unique nanostructures is often used to enhance light absorption and general PSC efficiency. Using the theoretical simulation based-on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique, this work demonstrates the successful improvement of light absorption by embedding corrugated void-like structure and perovskite thickness modification. The investigation of a corrugated void-type anti-reflection layer effect on light absorption is done by modifying the radius (r) and lattice constant (a) to obtain the optimum geometry. In addition, the MAPbI3 perovskite layer thickness is also adjusted to examine the optimum light absorption within the visible length to near-infrared. The theoretical calculations show that the optimum r = 692 nm and a = 776 nm. Meanwhile, the optimum absorber layer thickness is 750 nm. Compared to flat PSC, our proposed PSC absorbed more light, especially in the near-infrared region. Our result shows demonstrates the successful enhancement of light absorption by embedding corrugated void-like structure and modifying the perovskite thickness using a theoretical simulation based on the FDTD technique.
Wide-angle effects in multi-tracer power spectra with Doppler corrections
Authors: Paul Pritha , Clarkson Chris , Maartens Roy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We examine the computation of wide-angle corrections to the galaxy power spectrum including redshift-space distortions and relativistic Doppler corrections, and also including multiple tracers with differing clustering, magnification and evolution biases. We show that the inclusion of the relativistic Doppler contribution, as well as radial derivative terms, are crucial for a consistent wide-angle expansion for large-scale surveys, both in the single and multi-tracer cases. We also give for the first time the wide-angle cross-power spectrum associated with the Doppler magnification-galaxy cross correlation, which has been shown to be a new way to test general relativity.
In the full-sky power spectrum, the wide-angle expansion allows integrals over products of spherical Bessel functions to be computed analytically as distributional functions, which are then relatively simple to integrate over.
We give for the first time a complete discussion and new derivation of the finite part of the divergent integrals of the form ∫0
∞ drrnjℓ
(kr) jℓ'
(qr), which are necessary to compute the wide-angle corrections when a general window function is included. This facilitates a novel method for integrating a general analytic function against a pair of spherical Bessel functions.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of iron sulfide motifs for electrochemical applications
Authors: Salvatore Kenna L , Tang Christopher R , Bernardez Edelmy Marin , Wesley Weiqiao , Fang Justin , Lee Katherine , Paltis Ariadna , Nevers Chloe , McGuire Scott C , Hurley Nathaniel , Tong Xiao , Takeuchi Esther S , Takeuchi Kenneth J , Marschilok Amy C , Wong Stanislaus S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The syntheses of FeS2 and Fe3S4 nanomaterials were optimized using a novel facile, surfactant-free, and microwave-assisted, one-pot synthesis method, run under ambient and reasonably mild reaction conditions. Synthetic parameters, such as metal precursor salt identity, reaction time, reaction temperature, metal:sulfur molar ratios, and solvent combinations, were all systematically investigated and optimized. A series of FeS2 (pyrite) samples was initially fabricated using thioacetamide (TAA) as the sulfur precursor to generate a distinctive, uniform octahedra-based morphology. Switching the sulfur precursor from TAA to L-cysteine resulted in a corresponding transformation in not only chemical composition from FeS2 to an iron thiospinel structure, Fe3S4 (otherwise known as greigite), but also an associated morphological evolution from octahedra to nanosheet aggregates. The study of these materials has enabled crucial insights into the formation mechanisms of these materials under a relatively non-conventional microwave-assisted setting. Furthermore, in separate experiments, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene were added in with underlying metal sulfide species to create conductive Fe–S/MWNT composites and Fe–S/graphene composites, respectively. The method of addition of either MWNTs or graphene was also explored, wherein an ‘ex-situ’ synthetic procedure was found to be the least disruptive means of attachment and immobilization onto iron sulfide co-reagents as a means of preserving the latter’s inherent composition and morphology. The redox acidity for the parent material and associated composites demonstrates the utility of our as-developed synthetic methods for creating motifs relevant for electrochemical applications, such as energy storage.
Wet-jet milling exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride as industrial anticorrosive pigment for polymeric coatings
Authors: Molina-Garcia Miguel Angel , Bellani Sebastiano , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Conticello Irene , Gabatel Luca , Zappia Marilena Isabella , Eredia Matilde , Thorat Sanjay , Martin-Garcia Beatriz , Ceseracciu Luca , Piccinni Marco , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The incorporation of inorganic nanofillers into polymeric matrices represents an effective strategy for the development of smart coatings for corrosion protection of metallic substrates. In this work, wet-jet milling exfoliation was used to massively produce few-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes as a corrosion-protection pigment in polyisobutylene (PIB)-based composite coatings for marine applications. This approach represents an innovative advance in the application of two-dimensional (2D) material-based composites as corrosion protection systems at the industrial scale. Although rarely used as an organic coating, PIB was selected as a ground-breaking polymeric matrix for our h-BN-based composite coating thanks to its excellent barrier properties. The optimization of the coating indicates that 5 wt.% is the most effective h-BN content, yielding a corrosion rate of the protected structural steel as low as 7.4 × 10−6 mm yr−1. The 2D morphology and hydrophobicity of the h-BN flakes, together with the capability of PIB to act as a physical barrier against corrosive species, are the main reasons behind the excellent anticorrosion performance of our composite coating.
Encrypted machine learning of molecular quantum properties
Authors: Weinreich Jan , Falk von Rudorff Guido , Anatole von Lilienfeld O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Large machine learning (ML) models with improved predictions have become widely available in the chemical sciences. Unfortunately, these models do not protect the privacy necessary within commercial settings, prohibiting the use of potentially extremely valuable data by others. Encrypting the prediction process can solve this problem by double-blind model evaluation and prohibits the extraction of training or query data. However, contemporary ML models based on fully homomorphic encryption or federated learning are either too expensive for practical use or have to trade higher speed for weaker security. We have implemented secure and computationally feasible encrypted ML models using oblivious transfer enabling and secure predictions of molecular quantum properties across chemical compound space. However, we find that encrypted predictions using kernel ridge regression models are a million times more expensive than without encryption. This demonstrates a dire need for a compact ML model architecture, including molecular representation and kernel matrix size, that minimizes model evaluation costs.
Adverse childhood experiences and the development of multimorbidity across adulthood—a national 70-year cohort study
Authors: Chandrasekar Rahul , Lacey Rebecca E , Chaturvedi Nishi , Hughes Alun D , Patalay Praveetha , Khanolkar Amal R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aim
To examine impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on rates and development of multimorbidity across three decades in adulthood.

Methods
Sample: Participants from the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development, who attended the age 36 assessment in 1982 and follow-up assessments (ages 43, 53, 63, 69; N = 3,264, 51% males). Prospectively collected data on nine ACEs was grouped into (i) psychosocial, (ii) parental health and (iii) childhood health. For each group, we calculated cumulative ACE scores, categorised into 0, 1 and ≥2 ACEs. Multimorbidity was estimated as the total score of 18 health disorders.
Serial cross-sectional linear regression was used to estimate associations between grouped ACEs and multimorbidity during follow-up. Longitudinal analysis of ACE-associated changes in multimorbidity trajectories across follow-up was estimated using linear mixed-effects modelling for ACE groups (adjusted for sex and childhood socioeconomic circumstances).

Findings
Accumulation of psychosocial and childhood health ACEs were associated with progressively higher multimorbidity scores throughout follow-up. For example, those with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs experienced 0.20(95% CI 0.07, 0.34) more disorders at age 36 than those with none, rising to 0.61(0.18, 1.04) disorders at age 69.
All three grouped ACEs were associated with greater rates of accumulation and higher multimorbidity trajectories across adulthood. For example, individuals with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs developed 0.13(−0.09, 0.34) more disorders between ages 36 and 43, 0.29(0.06, 0.52) disorders between ages 53 and 63, and 0.30(0.09, 0.52) disorders between ages 63 and 69 compared with no psychosocial ACEs.

Interpretations
ACEs are associated with widening inequalities in multimorbidity development in adulthood and early old age. Public health policies should aim to reduce these disparities through individual and population-level interventions.
Transformations of marginal zone lymphomas and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop
Authors: Cook James R , Amador Catalina , Czader Magdalena , Duffield Amy , Goodlad John , Ott German , Xiao Wenbin , Dave Sandeep , Thakkar Devang , Thacker Elizabeth , Dogan Ahmet , Wasik Mariusz , Nejati Reza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To summarize the conclusions of the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop regarding transformations of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL).

Methods
Nineteen cases were submitted to this portion of the workshop. Additional studies were performed in cases with sufficient material.

Results
Cases included splenic MZL (n = 4), splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (n = 2), nodal MZL (n = 4), extranodal MZL (n = 1), and LPL (n = 8). The most common transformation was to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but others included classic Hodgkin lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements, plasmablastic lymphoma, and plasma cell leukemia. Two splenic MZLs with transformation to DLBCL contained t(14;19)(q32;q13.3) IGH::BCL3 rearrangements in both samples. Paired sequencing studies in 5 MZLs with transformation to clonally related DLBCL identified a variety of mutations and gene fusions at the time of transformation, including CARD11, IGH::MYC, NOTCH2, P2RY8, TBLX1X1, and IGH::CD274.

Conclusions
Marginal zone lymphoma and LPL may undergo a variety of transformation events, most commonly to DLBCL, which is usually, although not always, directly clonally related to the underlying low-grade lymphoma. Multiparameter analysis including broad-based sequencing studies can assist in the diagnosis and classification of these uncommon cases.
The Clinical Laboratory Is an Integral Component to Health Care Delivery : An Expanded Representation of the Total Testing Process
Authors: Lubin Ira M , Astles J Rex , Bunn Jake D , Cornish Nancy E , Lazaro Gerardo , Marshall Ashley A , Stang Heather L , De Jesús Victor R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Developing an expanded representation of the total testing process that includes contemporary elements of laboratory practice can be useful to understanding and optimizing testing workflows across clinical laboratory and patient care settings.

Methods
Published literature and meeting reports were used by the coauthors to inform the development of the expanded representation of the total testing process and relevant examples describing its uses.

Results
A visual representation of the total testing process was developed and contextualized to patient care scenarios using a number of examples covering the detection of blood culture contamination, use of next-generation sequencing, and pharmacogenetic testing.

Conclusions
The expanded representation of the total testing process can serve as a model and framework to document and improve the use of clinical testing within the broader context of health care delivery. This representation recognizes increased engagement among clinical laboratory professionals with patients and other health care providers as essential to making informed decisions. The increasing use of data is highlighted as important to ensuring quality, appropriate test utilization, and sustaining an efficient workflow across clinical laboratory and patient care settings. Maintaining a properly resourced and competent workforce is also featured as an essential component to the testing process.
Development of a conceptual framework for reporting modifications in surgical innovation: scoping review
Authors: Hossaini Sina , Hoffmann Christin , Cousins Sian , Blencowe Natalie , McNair Angus G K , Blazeby Jane M , Avery Kerry N L , Potter Shelley , Macefield Rhiannon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Innovative surgical procedures and devices are often modified throughout their development and introduction into clinical practice. A systematic approach to reporting modifications may support shared learning and foster safe and transparent innovation. Definitions of ‘modifications’, and how they are conceptualized and classified so they can be reported and shared effectively, however, are lacking. This study aimed to explore and summarize existing definitions, perceptions, classifications and views on modification reporting to develop a conceptual framework for understanding and reporting modifications.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Targeted searches and two database searches were performed to identify relevant opinion pieces and review articles. Included were articles relating to modifications to surgical procedures/devices. Data regarding definitions, perceptions and classifications of modifications, and views on modification reporting were extracted verbatim. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes, which informed development of the conceptual framework.

Results
Forty-nine articles were included. Eight articles included systems for classifying modifications, but no articles reported an explicit definition of modifications. Some 13 themes relating to perception of modifications were identified. The derived conceptual framework comprises three overarching components: baseline data about modifications, details about modifications and impact/consequences of modifications.

Conclusion
A conceptual framework for understanding and reporting modifications that occur during surgical innovation has been developed. This is a first necessary step to support consistent and transparent reporting of modifications, to facilitate shared learning and incremental innovation of surgical procedures/devices. Testing and operationalization is now needed to realize the value of this framework.