bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of U.S. Ophthalmology Residents and Medical Students on Ophthalmology Exposure during Medical School
Authors: Robles-Holmes Hailey , Kolli Ajay , Cox Victor , Nguyen Anne Xuan-Lan , Watane Arjun , Portney David , Ballouz Dena , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, ophthalmology exposure in medical school has been increasingly reduced. In turn, medical students have expressed concern over their ophthalmic skills. Research investigating the status of ophthalmology education in U.S. undergraduate medical curricula is limited to institutional data devoid of the student or resident perspective. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of current ophthalmology education for U.S. medical students from the trainee point of view.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed to current U.S. medical students interested in ophthalmology and U.S. ophthalmology residents. Demographic data, ophthalmology curriculum information, respondent learning preferences, and personal reflections were recorded. Thematic analysis and chi-square tests were utilized.
Results In total, 387/4,482 (8.6%) surveys were completed by respondents from 75 U.S. medical institutions. Most respondents were exposed to formal ophthalmology curriculum (63%), research (89%), mentorship (84%), and clinical experiences (87%) during medical school, and medical school curriculum was ranked the third most helpful resource for students to learn about ophthalmology. Yet, 29% of residents (n = 55) did not feel confident in their diagnostic ophthalmology skills based on their medical school exposure. Student and resident recommendations for improving ophthalmology education delivery commonly referenced nontraditional ophthalmology resources such as online videos (n = 83) to supplement traditional learning materials such as lectures (n = 56).
Discussion These findings suggest that primary ophthalmology exposure in medical school has shifted toward extracurricular activities such as research and clinical observation. Considering the increasing time demands placed on the medical education system, utilizing nontraditional educational materials to supplement current undergraduate medical education in ophthalmology may provide educators with a resource to improve learner confidence and resident preparedness.
High efficiency radio frequency pulse generation in a nonlinear corrugated coaxial transmission line with ferrite saturated by permanent magnets
Authors: Priputnev P. , Romanchenko I. , Maltsev S. , Sobyanin R. , Konev V. 
Published: May 2023

The work on the development of a generator of high-power, high-frequency pulses based on a nonlinear transmission line with saturated ferrite is presented. A feature of the generator is that the ferrite rings are saturated in the field of permanent magnets, unlike traditional generators with a solenoid wrapped around the transmission line. Due to the changed structure of the inner conductor, which is a corrugated conductor, the line has spatial dispersion. The paper demonstrates the generation of high-frequency pulses with a duration of up to 6 ns and a center frequency of 2.7 GHz. This pulse duration with a frequency above 2 GHz was not previously observed in traditional nonlinear transmission line geometry. The maximal peak power achieved was 70 MW for an incident voltage pulse of 90 kV. The energy efficiency of video pulse energy conversion into radio pulse was 6% [G. Kataev, Electromagnetic Shock Waves (Sov. Radio, Moscow, 1963)]. The paper discusses the performance of RF and microwave NiZn ferrites for the purposes of radio pulse generation.
Exciton diffusion in amorphous organic semiconductors: Reducing simulation overheads with machine learning
Authors: Wechwithayakhlung Chayanit , Weal Geoffrey R. , Kaneko Yu , Hume Paul A. , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Packwood Daniel M. 
Published: May 2023

Simulations of exciton and charge hopping in amorphous organic materials involve numerous physical parameters. Each of these parameters must be computed from costly ab initio calculations before the simulation can commence, resulting in a significant computational overhead for studying exciton diffusion, especially in large and complex material datasets. While the idea of using machine learning to quickly predict these parameters has been explored previously, typical machine learning models require long training times, which ultimately contribute to simulation overheads. In this paper, we present a new machine learning architecture for building predictive models for intermolecular exciton coupling parameters. Our architecture is designed in such a way that the total training time is reduced compared to ordinary Gaussian process regression or kernel ridge regression models. Based on this architecture, we build a predictive model and use it to estimate the coupling parameters which enter into an exciton hopping simulation in amorphous pentacene. We show that this hopping simulation is able to achieve excellent predictions for exciton diffusion tensor elements and other properties as compared to a simulation using coupling parameters computed entirely from density functional theory. This result, along with the short training times afforded by our architecture, shows how machine learning can be used to reduce the high computational overheads associated with exciton and charge diffusion simulations in amorphous organic materials.
Biomass partitioning and ionomics of Macadamia with high manganese and low phosphorus concentrations
Authors: Zhao Xin , Lyu Yang , Dong Qianqian , He Xiyong , Yue Hai , Yang Liping , Tao Liang , Gong Lidan , Zheng Hongxu , Wen Sijie , Lambers Hans , Shen Jianbo 
Published: May 2023

Knowledge of the ionome of plant organs helps us understand a plant’s nutritional status. However, the ionome of Macadamia (Proteaceae), which is an important nut-producing tree, remains unknown. We aimed to characterise the allocation of biomass and nutrient-partitioning patterns in three macadamia genotypes. We excavated 15 productive trees (three cultivars at 21 years of age; two cultivars at 16 years of age) in an orchard. Biomass, nutrient concentrations, and contents of roots, stems, branches, and leaves were analysed. Dry weight of roots, stems, branches and leaves accounted for 14–20%, 19–30%, 36–52%, and 12–18% of total plant weight, respectively. No significant difference was found in the total biomass among the cultivars at the same age. Compared with most crop plants, macadamia had low phosphorus (P) concentrations in all organs (<1 g kg−1), and low leaf zinc (Zn) concentration (8 mg kg−1). In contrast, macadamia accumulated large amounts of manganese (Mn), with a 20-fold higher leaf Mn concentration than what is considered sufficient for crop plants. Leaves exhibited the highest nutrient concentrations, except for iron and Zn, which exhibited the highest concentrations in roots. The organ-specific ionomics of Macadamia is characterised by low P and high Mn concentrations, associated with adaptation to P-impoverished habitats.
Impact of regulatory T cell therapy on immune cell composition and fetal survival rate in abortion prone mice
Authors: Idali F. , Golshahi H. , Katouzian L. , Notash Haghighat F. , Rezaii-nia S. , Jeddi-Tehrani M. 
Published: May 2023

Context Implantation of fertilised eggs and survival of a semi-allogenic embryo rely on the interactions between the cells and molecules preparing the uterus. We investigated the effect of regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy on the mechanism of local immune tolerance of mice prone to spontaneous abortion. Methods Naive T cells were stimulated in vitro with 17β-oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and TGF-β1 for 96 h to generate induced Tregs (iTreg). The iTregs were injected into DBA/2-mated pregnant CBA/J female mice (abortion prone model). On day 14 of pregnancy, mice were killed and decidual and placental tissues were collected for cellular composition analysis. Results Abortion prone mice (PBS treated) showed significantly lower survival rates (P < 0.0001), increased CD3+CD8+ (P < 0.05), lower IDO+ (P < 0.05) and increased natural killer cells (uNK) cell numbers (P < 0.001) in the uterus, as well increased NK cells in the placenta (P < 0.05) than in normal pregnant mice (CBA/J × BALB/c). Adoptive transfer of iTregs increased fetal survival in abortion-prone mice (P < 0.01) and histopathological evaluation revealed a significantly decreased number of uNK cells in the uterus of TGF-β1-, E2- and P4-iTregs (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively) than in the PBS treated group. In the placenta, we found significantly lower numbers of uNK cells from TGF-β1-, E2- and P4-iTregs than in the PBS treated group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions We propose that modulation of uterine NK cell activity through immunotherapy using Treg cells should be given more attention as an immunological strategy in the treatment of recurrent miscarriage.
Redox states in the endoplasmic reticulum directly regulate the activity of calcium channel, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
Authors: Fujii Shohei , Ushioda Ryo , Nagata Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2023

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are one of the two types of tetrameric ion channels that release calcium ion (Ca
2+
) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the cytosol. Ca
2+
released via IP3Rs is a fundamental second messenger for numerous cell functions. Disturbances in the intracellular redox environment resulting from various diseases and aging interfere with proper calcium signaling, however, the details are unclear. Here, we elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of IP3Rs by protein disulfide isomerase family proteins localized in the ER by focusing on four cysteine residues residing in the ER lumen of IP3Rs. First, we revealed that two of the cysteine residues are essential for functional tetramer formation of IP3Rs. Two other cysteine residues, on the contrary, were revealed to be involved in the regulation of IP3Rs activity; its oxidation by ERp46 and the reduction by ERdj5 caused the activation and the inactivation of IP3Rs activity, respectively. We previously reported that ERdj5 can activate the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
-ATPase isoform 2b (SERCA2b) using its reducing activity [Ushioda et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113
, E6055–E6063 (2016)]. Thus, we here established that ERdj5 exerts the reciprocal regulatory function for IP3Rs and SERCA2b by sensing the ER luminal Ca
2+
concentration, which contributes to the calcium homeostasis in the ER.
Osteolectin increases bone elongation and body length by promoting growth plate chondrocyte proliferation
Authors: Zhang Jingzhu , Du Liming , Davis Bethany , Gu Zhimin , Lyu Junhua , Zhao Zhiyu , Xu Jian , Morrison Sean J. 
Published: May 2023

Osteolectin is a recently identified osteogenic growth factor that binds to Integrin α11 (encoded byItga11), promoting Wnt pathway activation and osteogenic differentiation by bone marrow stromal cells. WhileOsteolectinandItga11are not required for the formation of the skeleton during fetal development, they are required for the maintenance of adult bone mass. Genome-wide association studies in humans reported a single-nucleotide variant (rs182722517) 16 kb downstream ofOsteolectinassociated with reduced height and plasma Osteolectin levels. In this study, we tested whether Osteolectin promotes bone elongation and found thatOsteolectin-deficient mice have shorter bones than those of sex-matched littermate controls. Integrin α11 deficiency in limb mesenchymal progenitors or chondrocytes reduced growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and bone elongation. Recombinant Osteolectin injections increased femur length in juvenile mice. Human bone marrow stromal cells edited to contain the rs182722517 variant produced less Osteolectin and underwent less osteogenic differentiation than that of control cells. These studies identify Osteolectin/Integrin α11 as a regulator of bone elongation and body length in mice and humans.
Quantification of gallium cryo-FIB milling damage in biological lamellae
Authors: Lucas Bronwyn A. , Grigorieff Nikolaus 
Published: May 2023

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can reveal the molecular details of biological processes in their native, cellular environment at atomic resolution. However, few cells are sufficiently thin to permit imaging with cryo-EM. Thinning of frozen cells to <500 nm lamellae by focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling has enabled visualization of cellular structures with cryo-EM. FIB milling represents a significant advance over prior approaches because of its ease of use, scalability, and lack of large-scale sample distortions. However, the amount of damage it causes to a thinned cell section has not yet been determined. We recently described an approach for detecting and identifying single molecules in cryo-EM images of cells using 2D template matching (2DTM). 2DTM is sensitive to small differences between a molecular model (template) and the detected structure (target). Here, we use 2DTM to demonstrate that under the standard conditions used for machining lamellae of biological samples, FIB milling introduces a layer of variable damage that extends to a depth of 60 nm from each lamella surface. This layer of damage limits the recovery of information for in situ structural biology. We find that the mechanism of FIB milling damage is distinct from radiation damage during cryo-EM imaging. By accounting for both electron scattering and FIB milling damage, we estimate that FIB milling damage with current protocols will negate the potential improvements from lamella thinning beyond 90 nm.
First encounters
Authors: Morar Florin-Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines the earliest extant translations from Chinese in the period of the first systematic
encounters between Chinese and Europeans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It argues that agents of the Spanish and
Portuguese empires in the context of early modern colonialism devised practical and effective social and linguistic approaches for
translating Chinese. The article investigates three such approaches: the use of Chinese interpreters who learned European
languages; the use of oral translation in the collaboration between Chinese and European interpreters; and the use of Europeans
fluent in Chinese translating themselves.
Modeling analysis and experiments of a novel hydro-pneumatic suspension with piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Wang Yulong , Wu Tianliang , Ran Zonghui , Lv Baozhan , Wang Shuang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of the semiconductor field, the application of micro-electro-mechanical systems embedded in smart devices and driverless vehicles is gradually widespread, and the problem of the self-powered of devices has gradually been attention. Hence, this study propose a novel hydro-pneumatic suspension system by embedding piezoelectric energy harvester into hydro-pneumatic suspensions, which makes the suspension structure simple and achieves the effect of self-powered for the monitoring and the diagnostics of a vehicle or its subsystems. The mathematical model of intermediate fixed piezoelectric energy harvester with hydro-pneumatic suspension was established. The influence of hydraulic component and exitation parameters of suspension system on damping force and power is analyzed. Numerical simulation proves that the novel hydro-pneumatic suspension with piezoelectric energy harvester is justified to achieve self-powered. The bench test proves the accuracy of some of the conclusions of the simulation and the feasibility of the structure.
Structural, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of BaXCl3 (X = Li, Na) perovskites under pressure effect: ab initio exploration
Authors: Chaba Mouna Sara , Radjai Missoum , Bouhemadou Abdelmadjid , Houatis Djamel , Allali Djamel , Sâad Essaoud Saber , Bin-Omran Saad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we employed the ab initio pseudopotential plane wave approach, utilizing the GGA-PBEsol exchange-correlation functional, to investigate the structural, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of BaXCl3 (X = Li, Na) perovskites under hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 to 18 GPa. Apart from utilizing the GGA-PBEsol functional, this study also employed the GGA-PBE, GGA-WC, and LDA functionals to simulate the exchange-correlation interactions for computing the structural parameters. Our results show that the optimized lattice parameters are in good agreement with previously predicted values. Based on the calculated elastic moduli of a single crystal, we found that both BaLiCl3 and BaNaCl3 perovskites retain mechanical stability under hydrostatic pressures of up to 18 GPa. Furthermore, we calculated several other important parameters that describe the polycrystalline aggregates of these compounds, including the modulus of compressibility, the shear modulus, the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, the speeds of sound, and the Debye temperature. Additionally, we examined the temperature and pressure dependencies of the thermal coefficients of the perovskites using the quasi-harmonic approximation. Notably, all of the results presented in this study are reported for the first time and require further confirmation through experimental investigations. We hope that our findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the structural and thermodynamic properties of BaXCl3 (X = Li, Na) perovskites under pressure.
DFT investigations of optoelectronic and electronic transport properties of Li-based double perovskites for energy storage applications
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Al-Masry Waheed , Ramay Shahid Mahmood 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Because of their non-toxicity as well as environmental stability, Li-based double perovskites are an excellent choice for energy storage, optoelectronic, as well as thermoelectric uses. This density functional theory (DFT) study looks at the physical attributes of the Li2AgBiY6(Y = Cl, Br, I), which might benefit thermal and optoelectronics uses. The Born stability criteria, tolerance factor, and formation energy are calculated for structural stability in the cubic phase. The computed indirect band gaps for Li2AgBiY6(Y = Cl, Br, and I) ensure maximum UV and visible spectrum absorption. As a result, all of the double perovskites investigated are often utilized in optoelectronic purposes like solar cells, photo-catalysts, and LED. The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and the Seebeck coefficient are used to investigate transport qualities. Li2AgBiY6(Y = Cl, Br, and I) compounds double perovskites having ZT indices 0.57 and 0.56, respectively, highlighting their importance for thermoelectric devices.
Light-sheet fluorescent microscopy: fundamentals, developments and applications
Authors: Kafian Hosein , Mozaffari-Jovin Sina , Bagheri Mohammad , Mousavi Shaegh Seyed Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Deep volumetric microscopy of live objects plays a critical role in biology and medicine. To this end, development of rapid and non-invasive optical methods for 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is still demanding. In this way, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has emerged as a volumetric microscopy method having high spatial-temporal resolution for imaging of samples within dimensions from submicron to few centimeters with minimum induced photo damaging. Unique features of LSFM allow for its modification and deployments in various fields including developmental biology, pathology, and microfluidics. Considering the wide spectrum of LSFM users, this tutorial review article explains basic concepts and design considerations of LSFM and provides a detailed analysis of various optical configurations of LSFM. Major developments of LSFM for adoption in both research and clinical applications including tissue imaging, diagnostics, and cytometry are also explained. In addition, various designs of light-sheet fluorescent microscopes for use as a stand-alone microscopy unit and an add-on device are discussed.
On the study of the higher-order and multiple lump/rogue waves to the (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Tian Yi-Lin , Zhao Yi-Kang , Zhang Rui-Gang , Cui Ji-Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the text, rational solutions to a (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in determinant form are solved by means of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method and Hirota’s bilinear form. The first-order, higher-order, multi-lump waves and multi-rogue waves on the basis of the solution in Gramian are presented in graphs. Periodic and parabolic line rogue waves are obtained by choosing different dispersion coefficient functions. The second-order rogue waves are also depicted, which can be seen as the composition of two first-order rogue waves. For multiple rogue waves, taking the periodic and parabolic line rogue waves as examples, it can be observed the change tendency of amplitudes of the intersection region is different from that in branches of line rogue waves. Besides, propagation of the first-order lump wave, interaction between one-lump-soliton and one-rogue-wave, and two kinds of collisions of two lump waves, i.e., elastic and inelastic, are also shown in the

x
−
t

plane.
Strange stars within bosonic and fermionic admixed dark matter
Authors: Lopes Luiz L. , Das H.C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study dark matter (DM) admixed strange quark stars exploring the different possibilities about the nature of the DM and their effects on the macroscopic properties of strange stars, such as maximum masses, radii, as well the dimensionless tidal parameter. We observe that the DM significantly affects the macroscopic properties that depend on its mass, type, and fraction inside the star.
Peculiarities of exciton formation in 2D semiconductor nanostructures induced by quantum electromagnetic field under nonlinear self-phase modulation
Authors: Tereshchenko I A , Tikhonova O V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Specific features of the excitation of a 2D semiconductor nanosystem by non-classical light in a solid state micro-resonator are found under the impact of the Kerr phase nonlinearity in the cavity. Different regimes of excitation are revealed in dependence on the efficiency of the nonlinearity. A negative impact of the nonlinear self-phase modulation on the excitation is found to be compensated by proper choice of the field frequency detuning. The possibility to controllably enhance a certain excitation channel by varying field frequency detuning is demonstrated and the value of the optimal detuning is found analytically. The effect of transfer of non-classical features from the field to the electronic subsystem is revealed. The formation of the photon-like non-classical excitonic states is demonstrated. The obtained results seem to be a basis for the creation of the light–matter interface and development of quantum information algorithms in solid state nanosystems.