bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Endoscopic Lateral Transorbital Approach for the Removal of Select Sphenoid Wing and Middle Fossa Meningiomas. Surgical Technique and Short-Term Outcomes
Authors: Carnevale Joseph A. , Rosen Kate U. , Chae John K. , Pandey Abhinav , Bander Evan D. , Godfrey Kyle , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The endoscopic lateral transorbital approach (eLTOA) is a relatively new approach to the skull base that has only recently been applied in vivo in the management of complex skull base pathology. Most meningiomas removed with this approach have been in the spheno-orbital location. We present a series of select purely sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas removed through eLTOA. The objective here was to describe the selection criteria and results of eLTOA for a subset of sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective study based on a prospectively maintained database of consecutive cases of eLTOA operated on at our institution by the lead author. The cohort's clinical and radiographic characteristics and outcome are presented.

RESULTS:
Five patients underwent eLTOA to remove 3 sphenoid wing and 2 middle fossa meningiomas. The mean tumor volume was 11.9 cm3. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, there was one case of subretinal hemorrhage, which was corrected by open vitrectomy repair, and one case of cerebrospinal fluid leak, which resolved with lumbar drainage. Three patients presented with visual impairment, 1 improved, 1 remained stable, and 1 worsened, but returned to stable after vitrectomy repair. All patients have been free of disease at a median follow-up of 8.9 months.

CONCLUSION:
eLTOA provides a direct minimal access corridor to certain well-selected sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas. eLTOA minimizes brain retraction and provides a high rate of gross total resection. Meningiomas appropriately selected based on size, type, and location of dural attachment, and the eLTOA is a safe, rapid, and highly effective procedure with acceptable morbidity.
The Inaugural “Century” of Mixed Reality in Cranial Surgery: Virtual Reality Rehearsal/Augmented Reality Guidance and Its Learning Curve in the First 100-Case, Single-Surgeon Series
Authors: Jean Walter C. , Piper Keaton , Felbaum Daniel R. , Saez-Alegre Miguel 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated three-dimensional space in which a surgeon can interact with patient-specific anatomic models for surgical planning. Augmented reality (AR) is the technology that places computer-generated objects, including those made in VR, into the surgeon's visual space. Together, VR and AR are called mixed reality (MxR), and it is gaining importance in neurosurgery. MxR is helpful for selecting and creating templates for an optimal surgical approach and identifying key anatomic landmarks intraoperatively. By reporting our experience with the first 100 consecutive cases planned with VR and executed with AR, our objective is to detail the learning curve and encountered obstacles while adopting the new technology.

METHODS:
This series includes the first 100 consecutive complex cranial cases of a single surgeon for which MxR was intended for use. Effectiveness of the VR rehearsal and AR guidance was analyzed for four specific contributions: (1) opening size, (2) precise craniotomy placement, (3) guidance toward anatomic landmarks or target, and (4) antitarget avoidance. Seventeen cases in the study cohort were matched with historical non-MxR cases for comparison of outcome parameters. The cases in which MxR failed were plotted over time to determine the nature of the “learning curve.”

RESULTS:
AR guidance was abandoned in eight operations because of technical problems, but problem-free application of MxR increased between the 44th and 63rd cases. This provides some evidence of proficiency acquisition in between. Comparing the 17 pairs of matched MxR and non-MxR cases, no statistically significant differences exist in the groups regarding blood loss, length of stay nor duration of surgery. Cases where MxR had above-expectation performances are highlighted.

CONCLUSION:
MxR is a powerful tool that can help tailor operations to patient-specific anatomy and provide efficient intraoperative guidance without additional time for surgery or hospitalization.
PUF-8, a C. elegans ortholog of the RNA-binding proteins PUM1 and PUM2, is required for robustness of the cell death fate
Authors: Xu Jimei , Jiang Yanwen , Sherrard Ryan , Ikegami Kyoko , Conradt Barbara 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
During C. elegans development, 1090 somatic cells are generated, of which 959 survive and 131 die, many through apoptosis. We present evidence that PUF-8, a C. elegans ortholog of the mammalian RNA-binding proteins PUM1 and PUM2, is required for the robustness of this ‘survival and death’ pattern. We found that PUF-8 prevents the inappropriate death of cells that normally survive, and we present evidence that this anti-apoptotic activity of PUF-8 is dependent on the ability of PUF-8 to interact with ced-3 (a C. elegans ortholog of caspase) mRNA, thereby repressing the activity of the pro-apoptotic ced-3 gene. PUF-8 also promotes the death of cells that are programmed to die, and we propose that this pro-apoptotic activity of PUF-8 may depend on the ability of PUF-8 to repress the expression of the anti-apoptotic ced-9 gene (a C. elegans ortholog of Bcl2). Our results suggest that stochastic differences in the expression of genes within the apoptosis pathway can disrupt the highly reproducible and robust survival and death pattern during C. elegans development, and that PUF-8 acts at the post-transcriptional level to level out these differences, thereby ensuring proper cell number homeostasis.
Cables1 links Slit/Robo and Wnt/Frizzled signaling in commissural axon guidance
Authors: Zuñiga Nikole R. , Dumoulin Alexandre , Vaccaro Giuseppe , Stoeckli Esther T. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
During neural circuit formation, axons navigate from one intermediate target to the next, until they reach their final target. At intermediate targets, axons switch from being attracted to being repelled by changing the guidance receptors on the growth cone surface. For smooth navigation of the intermediate target and the continuation of their journey, the switch in receptor expression has to be orchestrated in a precisely timed manner. As an alternative to changes in expression, receptor function could be regulated by phosphorylation of receptors or components of signaling pathways. We identified Cables1 as a linker between floor-plate exit of commissural axons, regulated by Slit/Robo signaling, and the rostral turn of post-crossing axons, regulated by Wnt/Frizzled signaling. Cables1 localizes β-catenin, phosphorylated at tyrosine 489 by Abelson kinase, to the distal axon, which in turn is necessary for the correct navigation of post-crossing commissural axons in the developing chicken spinal cord.
Response of cells and tissues to shear stress
Authors: Espina Jaime A. , Cordeiro Marilia H. , Milivojevic Milan , Pajić-Lijaković Ivana , Barriga Elias H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Shear stress is essential for normal physiology and malignancy. Common physiological processes – such as blood flow, particle flow in the gut, or contact between migratory cell clusters and their substrate – produce shear stress that can have an impact on the behavior of different tissues. In addition, shear stress has roles in processes of biomedical interest, such as wound healing, cancer and fibrosis induced by soft implants. Thus, understanding how cells react and adapt to shear stress is important. In this Review, we discuss in vivo and in vitro data obtained from vascular and epithelial models; highlight the insights these have afforded regarding the general mechanisms through which cells sense, transduce and respond to shear stress at the cellular levels; and outline how the changes cells experience in response to shear stress impact tissue organization. Finally, we discuss the role of shear stress in collective cell migration, which is only starting to be appreciated. We review our current understanding of the effects of shear stress in the context of embryo development, cancer and fibrosis, and invite the scientific community to further investigate the role of shear stress in these scenarios.
Structural Changes in the Anuran Mandibular Arch during Metamorphosis, with reference to Rana Temporaria.
Authors: Pusey H. K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The chondrocranium and the mandibular arch have been studied in seven stages. A summary of the changes in the mandibular arch during metamorphosis is given on p. 517 et seq. These changes are discussed on p. 522 et seq. A summary of the homologies which can be established or suggested by a study of the stages is given on p. 531. There are four new suggestions. The temporal region of the skulls of Ascaphus, Lio-pelma, and Aly tes are redescribed on p. 531, and are discussed on p. 538. Ascaphus is shown to possess (in the adult) separate trigeminal and facial foramina divided by a prefacial commissure; a post-palatine commissure; with less certainty, a complete basitrabecular process articulating with a true basal process; and a trigeminal foramen divided possibly by the root of the ascending process. Liopelma is shown to possess the above structures except for the divided trigeminal foramen, with the difference that the root of the basitrabecular process has been lost. Alytes, Bombinator, and Discoglossus each possess a prefacial commissure. In them, and in all the other Anura, the isolated outer end of the basitrabecular process is probably represented as the pseudobasal process (Gaupp’s basal process). The structures described in sections 5, 6, and 7 of this summary have not previously been given these homologies. The change from the Ascaphus to the Ranid type of temporal arrangement is shown to be due to a collecting together of the branches of nerves V and VII into a single pro-otic foramen. Kruijtzer’s theory of the hyoid suspension of the mandibular arch is criticized. An interpretation is given of the probable evolution of the tadpole mandibular apparatus, and of the metamorphic changes required to produce the adult skull.
Federated learning for medical imaging radiology
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Habib ur , Hugo Lopez Pinaya Walter , Nachev Parashkev , Teo James T , Ourselin Sebastin , Cardoso M Jorge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Federated learning (FL) is gaining wide acceptance across the medical AI domains. FL promises to provide a fairly acceptable clinical-grade accuracy, privacy, and generalisability of machine learning models across multiple institutions. However, the research on FL for medical imaging AI is still in its early stages. This paper presents a review of recent research to outline the difference between state-of-the-art [SOTA] (published literature) and state-of-the-practice [SOTP] (applied research in realistic clinical environments). Furthermore, the review outlines the future research directions considering various factors such as data, learning models, system design, governance, and human-in-loop to translate the SOTA into SOTP and effectively collaborate across multiple institutions.
Case Report: Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in radiation retinopathy
Authors: Ammari Wafa , Zaghdoudi Asma , Berriche Olfa , Messaoud Riadh 
Published: September 2023

We reported the observation of a 31-year-old female followed for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma since 2009, treated by locoregional radiotherapy, with a cumulative dose of 75 Gray. The patient presented with a progressive decline in bilateral vision. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral dry eye, posterior subcapsular cataract, radiation retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. The patient presented all ocular complications of radiotherapy. The most severe was radiation retinopathy. Performing optic coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) earlier could have speeded up the diagnosis and led to a better prognosis. The OCT-A showed more pronounced macular edema in the right eye, and revealed enlargement of the central avascular zone and loss of the deep and superficial retinal vascular network. The patient received three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Yet, we noted a non-improved visual acuity. The aim of this case report was to present the contribution of OCT-A in the diagnosis of radiation maculopathy and attribute these changes to ischemia at the level of the retinal vascular network.
Whole body vibration and rider comfort determination of an electric two-wheeler test rig
Authors: Krishna Keerthan , Hegde Sriharsha , G T Mahesha , Shenoy B Satish 
Published: September 2023

Background: Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1. Methods: An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2016. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results: Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. RMS acceleration of 0.2 g to 3.29 g obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. A maximum of 3.28 g amplitude was observed at the loading area at no load condition. The loading area, which corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, is important and reduction of these vibrations make the ride comfortable for the rider. Suspension and base mount of the test rig are found to be uncomfortable observing the RMS acceleration. Conclusions: A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
Comparative study of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha): A study protocol
Authors: Chhabra Aman , Kuchewar Vaishali , Joshi Twinkle 
Published: September 2023

Background: Poor synthesis of insulin by beta cells present in the pancreas combined with resistance of insulin in peripheral organs is referred to as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance leads to an increase in plasma fatty acids, which reduces transfer of glucose within the cells of muscles and increases breakage of lipids, resulting in an increase in hepatic glucose production. Nishamalaki (a formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry) is suggested in the therapy of all kinds of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) in Ayurveda classics. Turmeric and Indian gooseberry are the two main ingredients. Both are considered as effective medicines in the management of Madhumeha individually as well as in combined form. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Nishaamalaki and metformin in obese patients of type2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study will include 60 obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were distributed into two distinct categories, each with 30 patients. Nishamalaki Churna with honey 3gm two times a day before food with warm water for 60 days in Group N (Experimental Group) and 500 mg metformin tablets twice daily before meals for 60 days in Group M (Control Group). Every 15th day, an assessment was made (15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day). Results: Objective outcomes will be assessed. Conclusion: From this study protocol, it can be depicted that the trial formulation of turmeric and Indian gooseberry (Nisha-amalaki) is as effective in obese patients suffering from type- 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to metformin tablets.
Older adults’ experience of neuropsychological assessments for dementia screening in South India: a qualitative study
Authors: DU Bharath , Jones Steven , Bailey Jan , S Poornima Rao , Chandra Mina , Vaitheswaran Sridhar , K S Shaji , Goswami Satyapal Puru , Spector Aimee , Fisher Emily , G Satish , Krishna Murali 
Published: September 2023

Background: In community settings, neuropsychological assessment is the most commonly employed method for early recognition of dementia. However, little is known about the experience and perspectives of older adults when they undertake neuropsychological assessments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews for 11 individuals (aged between 64 and 88 years) who had undergone cognitive assessment in the CST International (Cognitive Stimulation Therapy- International) study and were free from dementia. The transcripts were analysed manually utilising Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to develop key themes. Results: When data were analysed three superordinate themes (experiences related to the process, content and outcomes) each with a set of subordinate themes emerged. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for a thorough planning of pre-assessment briefing for equipping participants with adequate information related to the neuropsychological assessment: its indication, length of procedure, contents of the test, possible outcomes, medical implications of those outcomes, possible therapeutic options if diagnosed with lower cognitive function. We discuss our findings in relation to extant knowledge and explore issues clinicians should consider when conducting neuropsychological assessments in LMIC settings.
How Does Risk Hedging Impact Operations? Insights from a Price-Setting Newsvendor Model
Authors: Wang Liao , Yao Jin , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: September 2023

If a financial asset’s price movement impacts a firm’s product demand, the firm can respond to the impact by adjusting its operational decisions. For example, in the automotive industry, automakers decrease the selling prices of fuel-inefficient cars when the oil price rises. Meanwhile, the firm can implement a risk-hedging strategy using the financial asset jointly with its operational decisions. Motivated by this, we develop and solve a general risk-management model integrating risk hedging into a price-setting newsvendor. The optimal hedging strategy is calculated analytically, which leads to an explicit objective function for optimizing price and “virtual production quantity” (VPQ). (The latter determines the service level—that is, the demand-fulfillment probability.) We find that hedging generally reduces the optimal price when the firm sets the target mean return as its production-only maximum expected profit. With the same condition on the target mean return, hedging also reduces the optimal VPQ when the asset price trend positively impacts product demand; meanwhile, it may increase the VPQ by a small margin when the impact is negative. We construct the return-risk efficient frontier that characterizes the optimal return-risk trade-off. Our numerical study using data from a prominent automotive manufacturer shows that the markdowns in price and reduction in VPQ are small under our model and that the hedging strategy substantially reduces risk without materially reducing operational profit. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: Financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [General Research Fund 17200521] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4942 .
All-fiber laser system for all-optical 87Rb Bose Einstein condensate to space application
Authors: Li Lin , Zhou Cuiyun , Xiong Wei , Huang Minjie , Fang Su , Xu Xingping , Ji Jingwei , Gao Min , Song Tieqiang , Hong Yi , Liang Zhaogang , Chen Dijun , Hou Xia , Zhou Xiaoji , Chen Xuzong , Chen Weibiao , Wang Bin , Li Tang , Liu Liang 
Published: September 2023

In the development of the Cold Atom Physics Research Rack (CAPR) on board the Chinese Space Station, the laser system plays a critical role in preparing the all-optical 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). An all-fiber laser system has been developed for CAPR to provide the required optical fields for atom interaction and to maintain the beam pointing in long-term operation. The laser system integrates a 780 nm fiber laser system and an all-fiber optical control module for sub-Doppler cooling, as well as an all-fiber 1064 nm laser system for evaporative cooling. The high-power, single-frequency 780 nm lasers are achieved through rare-Earth doped fiber amplification, fiber frequency-doubling, and frequency stabilization technology. The all-fiber optical control module divides the output of the 780 nm laser system into 15 channels and regulates them for cooling, trapping, and probing atoms. Moreover, the power consistency of each pair of cooling beams is ensured by three power tracking modules, which is a prerequisite for maintaining stable MOT and molasses. A high-power, compact, controlled-flexible, and highly stable l064 nm all-fiber laser system employing two-stage ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) technology has been designed for evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap (ODT). Finally, an all-optical 87Rb BEC is realized with this all-fiber laser system, which provides an alternative solution for trapping and manipulating ultra-cold atoms in challenging environmental conditions.
Triple-output phase unwrapping network with a physical prior in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Zhu Xinjun , Zhao Haomiao , Song Limei , Wang Hongyi , Guo Qinghua 
Published: September 2023

Deep learning has been attracting more and more attention in the phase unwrapping of fringe projection profilometry (FPP) in recent years. In order to improve the accuracy of the deep-learning-based unwrapped phase methods from a single fringe pattern, this paper proposes a single-input triple-output neural network structure with a physical prior. In the proposed network, a single-input triple-output network structure is developed to convert the input fringe pattern into three intermediate outputs: the wrapped phase, the fringe order, the coarse unwrapped phase, and the final output high-precision unwrapped phase from the three outputs. Moreover, a new, to the best of our knowledge, loss function is designed to improve the performance of the model using a physical prior about these three outputs in FPP. Numerous experiments demonstrated that the proposed network is able to improve the accuracy of the unwrapped phase, which can also be extended to other deep learning phase unwrapping models.