bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Family Director Pathos to Board Ethos: Managing Multiple Role Identity Struggles in the Boardroom of Family Firms
Authors: Bettinelli Cristina , De Massis Alfredo , Singal Manisha , Davis John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe literature indicates that the board of directors exists to provide resources and strategic direction (service task) and monitor top managers (control task), often tending to overgeneralize board tasks. Using a unique sample of 36 elite family firm directors having served on 615 boards with an aggregate 1447 years’ experience, and integrating interview and secondary data with observations, we capture how the multiple role identity struggles experienced by family directors are managed in the board. Our data indicate that effective boards resolve multiple role identity struggles (i.e., family director ‘pathos’) through the mechanisms that boardroom structural forces trigger and the resulting bridge and buffer tasks enacted (i.e., board ‘ethos’), going beyond the traditional service and control tasks.
tRNA‐derived small RNA changes in bone marrow stem cells under hypoxia and osteogenic conduction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Ye Weilong , Zhao Mengyao , Xia Dengsheng , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTissue engineering using bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic for bone regeneration. However, the effect of bone regeneration remains unsatisfactory due to the BMSCs' functional abnormality influenced by hypoxia. In this study, we attempt to explore the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under hypoxic conditions from the perspective of non‐coding RNA regulation.MethodsThe study employed BMSCs obtained from healthy donors and simulated hypoxia using CoCl2 stimulation. High‐throughput sequencing technique was used to identify differential expression profiles of tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA) in three experimental groups: BMSCs‐0d, BMSCs‐7d and BMSCs‐0d‐CoCl2. TargetScan and miRanda algorithms were used to determine tsRNA target genes, while Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were employed for the prediction of biological functions. Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (Real‐time RT‐PCR) was carried out on four selected differentially expressed tsRNAs.ResultsAfter the osteogenic induction and CoCl2 stimulated separately, there were 19 tsRNAs differentially expressed in BMSCs, including 14 upregulated and five downregulated. According to the analysis of biological information, these tsRNAs may regulate 311 potential target genes and mainly enrich the pathways such as metabolic pathways, Wnt signalling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, cellular senescence and mTOR signalling pathway. The results of Real‐time RT‐PCR for 3′tiRNA‐41‐GlnTTG‐6, 3′tiRNA‐42‐LysTTT‐8, 5′tiRNA‐35‐CysACA‐1 and tRF3a‐AsnGTT‐9 were consistent with small RNA sequencing data.ConclusionWe discovered the tsRNA that changes the process of osteogenesis and hypoxia, which provides new targets for promoting survival and regeneration functions after BMSCs transplantation.
Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy and yoga for generalised anxiety disorder on sleep quality in a randomised controlled trial: the role of worry, mindfulness, and perceived stress as mediators
Authors: Jacoby Ryan J. , Brown Mackenzie L. , Wieman Sarah T. , Rosenfield David , Hoeppner Susanne S. , Bui Eric , Hoge Elizabeth A. , Khalsa Sat Bir S. , Hofmann Stefan G. , Simon Naomi M. 
Published: August 2023

SummarySleep disturbances are present in ~65% of individuals with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Although both Kundalini yoga (KY) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective treatment options for GAD, little is known about how these treatments compare in improving sleep for GAD and what drives these changes. Accordingly, we examined the effects of CBT, KY, and stress education (SEdu; an attention control condition) on subjective sleep quality (as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) in a randomised controlled trial of 226 adults with GAD (mean age 33.37 years; 70% female; 79% White). We hypothesised that both CBT and KY would outperform SEdu in improving sleep disturbances. Three potential mediators of sleep improvement (worry, mindfulness, perceived stress) were also examined. In line with hypotheses, PSQI and ISI scores significantly improved from pre‐ to post‐treatment for all three treatment groups (allp < 0.001, alld > 0.97). However, contrary to predictions, sleep changes were not significantly greater for CBT or KY compared to SEdu. In mediation analyses, within‐person deviations in worry, mindfulness, and stress each significantly mediated the effect of time on sleep outcomes. Degree of change in sleep attributable to worry (CBT > KY > SEdu) and perceived stress (CBT, KY > SEdu) was moderated by treatment group. Personalised medicine as well as combined treatment approaches should be studied to help reduce sleep difficulties for patients with GAD who do not respond.
Investigation of the cardiac effects of exercise testing on apparently healthy Boxer dogs
Authors: Agarwal Deepmala , Côté Etienne , O'Sullivan Lynne , Meurs Kathryn M. , Steiner Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHolter electrocardiographic monitoring is a cornerstone of diagnostic testing for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) in Boxer dogs, but physical activity during monitoring is not controlled. In humans, exercise testing (ExT) can identify latent tachyarrhythmias associated with cardiomyopathy, and exercise increases serum cardiac troponin‐I concentrations ([hs‐cTnI]). These effects have not yet been investigated in Boxer dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesSubjecting Boxer dogs to brief, moderate‐intensity ExT can identify changes in Holter recordings and [hs‐cTnI] compared to baseline results.AnimalsThirty overtly healthy, client‐owned Boxer dogs.MethodsProspective interventional study. Dogs underwent baseline diagnostic testing including 24‐hour Holter monitoring and [hs‐cTnI], followed by brief ExT (accompanied, brisk stair‐climbing and ‐descending for <5 minutes).ResultsEleven dogs (37%) had >100 premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)/24 hours at baseline (3), ExT (3), or both (5). After ExT, these dogs had more PVCs/24 hours and greater increases in [hs‐cTnI] compared to those with ≤100 PVCs/24 hours. Dogs with the striatin mutation had more PVCs/24 hours and a greater increase in [hs‐cTnI] after ExT than did dogs without the striatin mutation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExercise testing may improve the binary classification of Boxer dogs with or without ACM by increasing the number of PVCs and [hs‐cTnI] in affected dogs to a greater degree than in unaffected dogs. This effect also is associated with presence or absence of the striatin mutation. Exercise should be a controlled variable when screening Boxer dogs for ACM.
Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities of a common water flea
Authors: Tian X. , Diao L. , Zhang X. , Feng W. , Urabe J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough the nutritional demands of animals are known to differ between immature and mature stages and between neonates from different clutches in various organisms, little evidence has been accumulated to examine this possibility in crustacean zooplankters. To this end, we examined the five digestive enzyme activities related to assimilations of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and phosphorus in the neonates, immature and mature individuals of panarctic Daphnia pulex. We found that all the enzyme activities were higher at lower food levels, indicating that the activities increased with decreasing supplies of the nutritional substances relative to the demands. As expected, these enzyme activities changed ontogenetically. Beta‐glucosidase activities increased with age, especially at a high food level, while the opposite pattern was found for lipase activities. A decreasing trend with age was also found in the activities of arginine and alanine amino‐peptidase and alkaline phosphatase at a low food level. These results suggest that juvenile individuals require more lipids, amino acids and phosphorus relative to the requirements of adult individuals, while the opposite pattern was true for carbohydrates. We also measured the enzyme activities of the neonates born from the 1st and 2nd clutches of the maternal individuals. The results showed that most digestive enzyme activities differed significantly between the neonates from the first and second clutches depending on the food levels. The present study confirmed that the nutritional demands differ not only between mature and immature individuals in Daphnia pulex and suggests that the mature individuals invest nutrients and energy reserves differently to neonates of the different clutches depending on their nutritional conditions.
Phlorizin attenuates postoperative gastric ileus in rats
Authors: Nozu Tsukasa , Miyagishi Saori , Ishioh Masatomo , Takakusaki Kaoru , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) is a major complication of abdominal surgery (AS). Impaired gut barrier mediated via Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) receptor is involved in the development of POI. Phlorizin is a nonselective inhibitor of sodium‐linked glucose transporters (SGLTs) and is known to improve lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced impaired gut barrier. This study aimed to clarify our hypothesis that AS‐induced gastric ileus is mediated via TLR4 and IL‐1 signaling, and phlorizin improves the ileus.MethodsAS consisted of a celiotomy and manipulation of the cecum for 1 min. Gastric emptying (GE) in 20 min with liquid meal was determined 3 h after the surgery in rats. The effect of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of LPS (1 mg kg−1) was also determined 3 h postinjection.Key ResultsAS delayed GE, which was blocked by TAK‐242, an inhibitor of TLR4 signaling and anakinra, an IL‐1 receptor antagonist. LPS delayed GE, which was also mediated via TLR4 and IL‐1 receptor. Phlorizin (80 mg kg−1, s.c.) significantly improved delayed GE induced by both AS and LPS. However, intragastrical (i.g.) administration of phlorizin did not alter it. As gut mainly expresses SGLT1, SGLT2 may not be inhibited by i.g. phlorizin. The effect of phlorizin was blocked by ghrelin receptor antagonist in the LPS model.Conclusions & InferencesAS‐induced gastric ileus is mediated via TLR4 and IL‐1 signaling, which is simulated by LPS. Phlorizin improves the gastric ileus via activation of ghrelin signaling, possibly by inhibition of SGLT2. Phlorizin may be useful for the treatment of POI.
Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation associated silent cerebral emboli: A narrative review
Authors: Zhang Jingrui , Li Songnan , Sang Caihua , Ma Changsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe incidence of silent cerebral emboli (SCE) associated with atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA) is much higher than that of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). Interventional electrophysiologists have been increasingly alerted to asymptomatic cerebral infarction over the years. Plentiful studies revealed that diagnostic definitions, detection modalities, energy sources, ablation strategies, perioperative anticoagulation regimens, and patient‐related factors were associated with the risk of AFCA‐associated SCE. Studies related to non‐interventional procedures found that SCE may prompt stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia later in life, suggesting a possible role of AFCA‐associated SCE in the cognitive function of patients with AF. However, there is no consistent evidence for this view to date. Given that the majority of patients with AF being elderly and the increased risk of cognitive impairment in AF itself, efforts should be made to minimize the occurrence of AFCA‐associated SCE.
Overexpression of BnNAC19 in Brassica napus enhances resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the blackleg pathogen of canola
Authors: Zou Zhongwei , Fernando W. G. Dilantha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeptosphaeria maculans is a fungal pathogen that causes blackleg disease in canola (Brassica napus), resulting in significant yield and economic losses in Canada and many parts of the world. Plant NAC transcription factors play critical roles in plant development and response to biotic or abiotic stress. In this study, we identified and characterized a BnNAC19 gene from Brassica napus. The overexpression of BnNAC19 in transgenic canola plants contributed to the improvement of seedling resistance against L. maculans. The mycelial growth of a green fluorescent protein‐tagged strain of L. maculans and production of pycnidiospores were shown to be inhibited in the transgenic canola plants overexpressing BnNAC19. In addition, the canola transgenic line overexpressing BnNAC19 showed increased disease resistance in the adult plant, which was determined by quantitative resistance. Both increased seedling and adult plant resistance in transgenic canola plants overexpressing BnNAC19 indicate that the BnNAC19 gene plays a positive role against L. maculans. The expression pattern of genes BnNAC19 upstream and downstream of BnNAC19 that participate in plant defence pathways were investigated to elucidate the B. napus resistance mechanisms to L. maculans infection, and hence to aid the long‐term blackleg disease‐resistant breeding programmes.
Decentralization and resource contributions within local governance networks: Evidence from health sector reform in Honduras
Authors: Zarychta Alan , Wong Jade 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany public services are co‐produced through networks of governmental and non‐governmental organizations that choose to or are obliged to contribute resources, a trend that has been reinforced through decentralization reforms. We utilize original data for 826 organizations across 65 local governance networks to assess how decentralization affects resource contributions while accounting for municipality context, network environment, and organizational attributes. Drawing on a quasi‐experimental design in the context of health sector reform in Honduras, we find that decentralization is associated with a slight reduction in the number of resource ties an organization contributes to other organizations in its network. This association is most prominent where municipal governments, rather than non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) or associations, are lead intermediary organizations under decentralization. Additionally, NGOs contribute more resource ties relative to community associations or public organizations, and consistent with a crowding‐out dynamic, we find that this relationship is attenuated under decentralization. Our results suggest that administrative reforms can influence resource contributing behavior by organizations and the structure of inter‐organizational networks, which are important but underemphasized mechanisms potentially linking decentralization to service delivery outcomes. This is particularly relevant for policymakers working to support network governance for the joint production of public services in under‐resourced settings.
The KP limit of a reduced quantum Euler–Poisson equation
Authors: Liu Huimin , Pu Xueke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the derivation of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation for cold ion‐acoustic wave in the long wavelength limit of a two‐dimensional reduced quantum Euler–Poisson system under different scalings for varying directions in the Gardner–Morikawa transform. It is shown that the types of the KP equation depend on the scaled quantum parameter . The KP‐I is derived for , KP‐II for , and the dispersiveless KP (dKP) equation for the critical case . The rigorous proof for these limits is given in the well‐prepared initial data case, and the norm that is chosen to close the proof is anisotropic in the two directions, in accordance with the anisotropic structure of the KP equation as well as the Gardner–Morikawa transform. The results can be generalized in several directions.
Fatigue in elite fencing: Effects of a simulated competition
Authors: Varesco Giorgio , Pageaux Benjamin , Cattagni Thomas , Sarcher Aurélie , Martinent Guillaume , Doron Julie , Jubeau Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fatigue induced by fencing remains scarcely investigated. We aimed to investigate both objective (neuromuscular performance fatigability) and subjective (perceived fatigue, effort, and workload) manifestations of fatigue in elite fencers following a five‐bout simulated competition. Changes in countermovement jump height, knee extensors maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development, voluntary activation, and contractile response to muscular electrical stimulation were measured in 29 elite fencers [12 epee (6 women), 11 saber (5 women), and 6 foil]. Perceived fatigue and effort were evaluated with visual analog scales, and the perceived workload with the NASA Task Load Index scale. During the competition, maximal torque and rate of torque development decreased by 1.6% (p = 0.017) and 2.4% (p < 0.001) per bout, respectively. Perceived fatigue before each bout increased (12% per bout), with similar values observed at the end of all bouts (bout × period interaction: p < 0.001). Perceived effort increased during the bouts (10% per period, p < 0.001) and during the competition (3% per bout, p = 0.011). Perceived mental demand increased during the competition (2% per bout, p = 0.024). These results suggest that elite fencers needed to increase the allocation of mental rather than physical resources to the task to counterbalance the deleterious effect of fatigue on performance.
Effects of antimicrobial therapy duration and class on risk of antimicrobial‐resistant Gram‐negative bacillus bloodstream infection in patients with AML
Authors: Huggins Jonathan , Barnett Ian , David Michael Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial‐resistant Gram‐negative bacilli (ARGNB) bloodstream infection (BSI) has been associated with prior antibiotic exposure among hematologic malignancy patients. The relationships between days of therapy (DOT), antimicrobial class, and ARGNB BSI risk are poorly understood.MethodsThis is a single‐center, case‐control study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients including 115 cases with ARGNB BSI and 230 matched controls with non‐ARGNB BSI between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. Fixed‐ and mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to examine relationships between antibiotic DOT and risk of ARGNB BSI. Admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) within 7 days, 30‐day mortality, and Pitt Bacteremia Score (PBS) were secondary outcomes.ResultsPrior isolation of a antimicrobial‐resistant organism (ARO) (OR 4.45 95% CI 1.46, 13.54), surgery within 90 days (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.57, 8.73), aminoglycoside DOT (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05, 1.23), cefepime DOT (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05, 1.13), and carbapenem DOT (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05, 1.16) were associated with increased odds of ARGNB BSI. Days since last antibiotic administration (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99) and inpatient days within 90 days (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93, 0.98) showed reduced odds of ARGNB BSI. Total antimicrobial DOT regardless of class was not associated with ARGNB BSI. ARGNB BSI was associated with increased 30‐day mortality (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.57, 5.22)ConclusionsAmong AML patients with GNB BSI, greater DOT of aminoglycosides, cefepime, and carbapenems in the 90 days prior to BSI were associated with increased odds of ARGNB BSI.
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Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria: A diagnostic dilemma in a paediatric patient
Authors: Hogan Keenan O. , Oroszi Gabor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune hemolytic anaemia is rare in the paediatric population. Differentiation of the underlying aetiology is complicated by heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and testing strategies. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is an uncommon form of paediatric autoimmune hemolytic anaemia. Identification of the causative biphasic hemolysin requires clinical recognition and access to the Donath‐Landsteiner (DL) test.Case PresentationWe report a young paediatric patient with no significant past medical history who presented with severe anaemia, jaundice, and dark urine following a respiratory illness. Initial laboratory evaluation showed a haemoglobin of 3.6 g/dL with plasma free haemoglobin 170 mg/dL (reference range <5 mg/dL), 3+ hemoglobinuria (reference range = 0), and direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) positive for complement component 3 (C3) only. Haemoglobin continued to decline following RBC transfusions using a blood warmer for presumed cold agglutinin syndrome. Subsequent testing at the reference laboratory revealed a DAT positive for C3 and immunoglobulin isotype G (IgG) and an eluate pan‐agglutinin most consistent with a warm autoantibody, but the patient's anaemia was non‐responsive to glucocorticoids and blood warmer cessation. However, a maximum cold agglutinin titre of 4 and absent thermal amplitude substantially weakened the evidence for the clinical significance of the cold autoantibodies. Consultation with the institutional transfusion medicine specialist prompted collection for the DL test, which demonstrated a definitive biphasic hemolysin consistent with PCH.DiscussionConflicting clinical and immunohematologic evidence can obscure the aetiology of autoimmune hemolysis, including concurrent warm and/or cold autoantibodies. Clinical correlation, consultation with the institutional transfusion service, and access to specialised testing are essential to establish the correct diagnosis.
The herbicide bensulfuron‐methyl inhibits rice seedling development by blocking calcium ion flux in the OsCNGC12 channel
Authors: Guo Yating , Xu Xiaohui , Lin Jinbei , Li Haiqing , Guo Weikang , Wan Shuqing , Chen Zepeng , Xu Hanhong , Lin Fei 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYBensulfuron‐methyl (BSM) is a widely used herbicide in rice cultivation, but the mechanisms underlying its efficient uptake in rice are poorly understood. In this study, a yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was employed to screen proteins sensitive to BSM. As a result, a cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (CNGC) protein, OsCNGC12, was identified. By inactivating the OsCNGC12 function via gene editing, we developed BSM‐tolerant rice lines. Our results showed that the OsCNGC12 mutant rice not only reduced BSM uptake but also promoted Ca2+ influx in the roots, leading to enhanced non‐target‐site tolerance to BSM. OsCNGC12 is localized in the plasma membrane and is abundantly expressed in the root caps, root vascular bundles, stems, and leaves, indicating its vital role in the distribution of BSM in rice. The indispensability of His‐236, Gln‐240, and Arg‐268 in BSM perception in yeast was demonstrated through targeted mutagenesis of OsCNGC12. Furthermore, we developed a BSM seed coating agent for OsCNGC12 mutant rice, providing a simplified and cost‐effective means of weed control in direct‐seeded rice. Inclusion, this study showed that disruption of OsCNGC12 confers non‐target‐site tolerance to BSM in rice and has the potential for developing BSM‐resistant rice varieties.