bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological inference for emerging viruses using segregating sites
Authors: Park Yeongseon , Martin Michael A. , Koelle Katia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpidemiological models are commonly fit to case and pathogen sequence data to estimate parameters and to infer unobserved disease dynamics. Here, we present an inference approach based on sequence data that is well suited for model fitting early on during the expansion of a viral lineage. Our approach relies on a trajectory of segregating sites to infer epidemiological parameters within a Sequential Monte Carlo framework. Using simulated data, we first show that our approach accurately recovers key epidemiological quantities under a single-introduction scenario. We then apply our approach to SARS-CoV-2 sequence data from France, estimating a basic reproduction number of approximately 2.3-2.7 under an epidemiological model that allows for multiple introductions. Our approach presented here indicates that inference approaches that rely on simple population genetic summary statistics can be informative of epidemiological parameters and can be used for reconstructing infectious disease dynamics during the early expansion of a viral lineage.
Thermal-optical mechanical waves of the microelongated semiconductor medium with fractional order heat time derivatives in a rotational field
Authors: Alsisi Abdulhamed , El-Sapa Shreen , El-Bary Alaa A. , Lotfy Khaled 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOutlined here is an innovative method for characterizing a layer of microelongated semiconductor material under excitation. Fractional time derivatives of a heat equation with a rotational field are used to probe the model during photo-excitation processes. Micropolar-thermoelasticity theory, which the model implements, introduces the microelongation scalar function to characterize the processes occurring inside the microelements. When the microelongation parameters are considered following the photo-thermoelasticity theory, the model investigates the interaction scenario between optical-thermo-mechanical waves under the impact of rotation parameters. During electronic and thermoelastic deformation, the key governing equations have been reduced to dimensionless form. Laplace and Fourier's transformations are used to solve this mathematical problem. Isotropic, homogeneous, and linear microelongated semiconductor medium's general solutions to their respective fundamental fields are derived in two dimensions (2D). To get complete solutions, several measurements must be taken at the free surface of the medium. As an example of numerical modeling of the important fields, we will use the silicon (Si) material’s physicomechanical characteristics. Several comparisons were made using different values of relaxation time and rotation parameters, and the results were graphically shown.
Facile synthesis of Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO nanomaterial for label-free electrochemical detection of methemoglobin in anemic patients
Authors: Alam Ayub , Fatima Batool , Shafi Sameera , Sarwar Zohaib , Hussain Dilshad , Jawad Shan E Zahra , Majeed Saadat , Imran Muhammad , Najam-ul-Haq Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethemoglobinemia (MetHb, Fe3+) is a chronic disease arising from the unequal distribution of oxyhemoglobin (HbFe2+, OHb) in the blood circulatory system. The oxidation of standard oxyhemoglobin forms methemoglobin, causing cyanosis (skin bluish staining). Methemoglobin cannot bind the pulmonary gaseous ligands such as oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO). As an oxidizing agent, the biochemical approach (MetHb, Fe3+) is modified in vitro by sodium nitrite (NaNO2). The silver-doped iron zinc oxide (Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO) is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques for the electrochemical sensing of methemoglobin via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Detection parameters such as concentration, pH, scan rate, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are optimized. The linear limit of detection for Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO is 0.17 µM. The stability is determined by 100 cycles of CV and chronoamperometry for 40 h. The serum samples of anemia patients with different hemoglobin levels (Hb) are analyzed using Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO modified biosensor. The sensor's stability, selectivity, and response suggest its use in methemoglobinemia monitoring.
Elucidation of HHEX in pancreatic endoderm differentiation using a human iPSC differentiation model
Authors: Ito Ryo , Kimura Azuma , Hirose Yurie , Hatano Yu , Mima Atsushi , Mae Shin-Ichi , Keidai Yamato , Nakamura Toshihiro , Fujikura Junji , Nishi Yohei , Ohta Akira , Toyoda Taro , Inagaki Nobuya , Osafune Kenji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based regenerative therapy against diabetes, the differentiation efficiency to pancreatic lineage cells needs to be improved based on the mechanistic understanding of pancreatic differentiation. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic endoderm differentiation by searching for factors that regulate a crucial pancreatic endoderm marker gene, NKX6.1. Unbiasedly screening an siRNA knockdown library, we identified a candidate transcription factor, HHEX. HHEX knockdown suppressed the expression of another pancreatic endoderm marker gene, PTF1A, as well as NKX6.1, independently of PDX1, a known regulator of NKX6.1 expression. In contrast, the overexpression of HHEX upregulated the expressions of NKX6.1 and PTF1A. RNA-seq analysis showed decreased expressions of several genes related to pancreatic development, such as NKX6.1, PTF1A, ONECUT1 and ONECUT3, in HHEX knockdown pancreatic endoderm. These results suggest that HHEX plays a key role in pancreatic endoderm differentiation.
Biomineralization of coral sand by Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from a travertine cave
Authors: Xiao Yao , Deng Huafeng , Li Jianlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTravertine is a typical product of microbial mineralization in the nature and its mineral composition is mainly calcite and aragonite. In this paper, Bacillus thuringiensis, a kind of mineralize bacterium is extracted from the travertine crystal to cenment coral sand, and the reinforcement effect of microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology on coral sand under different cementation times is studied. Firstly, the culture conditions are optimized in nine pairs of trials, including urea content, microbial inoculation, shaker speed and incubation time. Under the optimal culture conditions, the coral sand is cemented by soaking method. With the increase of reinforcement times, the permeability coefficient of the sand sample is reduced to 10−4 cm/s, and the shear strength is increased by more than 130%. Compared with Sporosarcina pasteurii, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the coral sand column cemented by Bacillus thuringiensis are increased by more than 50% and 10%, respectively. The area distribution of T2 spectrum shows that with the increase of the number of cementation, the amplitude of the main peak decreases, indicating that the large pores are better filled, the number of medium and small pores are also reduced, and the pore area is significantly reduced, with the amplitude of about 44%. The above experiments verified that microorganism in travertine could also be used in MICP technology, and even achieve better reinforcement effect. It also provides a new way and idea for the selection of mineralized bacteria by MICP technology.
Microsatellite markers reveal genetic diversity and population structure of Portunus trituberculatus in the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Duan Baohua , Kang Tongxu , Wan Haifu , Liu Weibiao , Zhang Fenghao , Mu Shumei , Guan Yueqiang , Li Zejian , Tian Yang , Kang Xianjiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, is one of the main aquaculture species in Chinese coastal regions due to its palatability and high economic value. To obtain a better understanding of the genetic diversity of P. trituberculatus in the Bohai Sea, the present study used 40 SSR loci to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 420 P. trituberculatus individuals collected from seven populations in the Bohai Sea. Genetic parameters revealed a low level of genetic diversity in the cultured population (SI = 1.374, He = 0.687, and PIC = 0.643) in comparison with wild populations (SI ≥ 1.399, He ≥ 0.692, and PIC ≥ 0.651). The genetic differentiation index (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) ranged from 0.001 to 0.060 (mean: 0.022) and 3.917 to 249.750 (mean: 31.289) respectively, showing a low differentiation among the seven populations of P. trituberculatus. Population structure analysis, phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the seven groups of P. trituberculatus were divided into four subpopulations (K = 4), but the correlation between genetic structure and geographical distribution was not obvious. These results are expected to provide useful information for the fishery management of wild swimming crabs.
Semantic‐aware visual consistency network for fused image harmonisation
Authors: Yu Huayan , Huang Hai , Zhu Yueyan , Chen Aoran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith a focus on integrated sensing, communication, and computation (ISCC) systems, multiple sensor devices collect information of different objects and upload it to data processing servers for fusion. Appearance gaps in composite images caused by distinct capture conditions can degrade the visual quality and affect the accuracy of other image processing and analysis results. The authors propose a fused‐image harmonisation method that aims to eliminate appearance gaps among different objects. First, the authors modify a lightweight image harmonisation backbone and combined it with a pretrained segmentation model, in which the extracted semantic features were fed to both the encoder and decoder. Then the authors implement a semantic‐related background‐to‐foreground style transfer by leveraging spatial separation adaptive instance normalisation (SAIN). To better preserve the input semantic information, the authors design a simple and effective semantic‐aware adaptive denormalisation (SADE) module. Experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ proposed method achieves competitive performance on the iHarmony4 dataset and benefits from the harmonisation of fused images with incompatible appearance gaps.
Large-scale velocity-coherent filaments in the SEDIGISM survey: Association with spiral arms and the fraction of dense gas
Authors: Ge Y. , Wang K. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Pettitt A. R. , Dobbs C. L. , Sánchez-Monge A. , Neralwar K. R. , Urquhart J. S. , Colombo D. , Durán-Camacho E. , Beuther H. , Bronfman L. , Rigby A. J. , Eden D. , Neupane S. , Barnes P. , Henning T. , Yang A. Y. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Filamentary structures in the interstellar medium are closely related to star formation. It is possible that the dense gas mass fraction (DGMF) or clump formation efficiency in large-scale filaments determine whether or not they end up hosting star formation activity.
Aims. We aim to automatically identify large-scale filaments, as well as characterizing them, investigating their association with Galactic structures, and studying their DGMFs.
Methods. We used a modified minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to chain parsec-scale 13CO clumps previously extracted from the Structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic InterStellar Medium (SEDIGISM) survey. The MST connects nodes in a graph such that the sum of edge lengths is at a minimum. A modified MST also ensures the velocity coherence between nodes, so that the identified filaments are coherent in position-position-velocity (PPV) space.
Results. We generated a catalog of 88 large-scale (>10 pc) filaments in the inner Galactic plane (with −60° < l < 18° and |b| < 0.5°). These SEDIGISM filaments are larger and less dense than MST filaments previously identified from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) and the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL). We find that eight of the filaments run along spiral arms and can be regarded as the “bones” of the Milky Way. We also found three bones associated with the Local spur in PPV space. By compiling 168 large-scale filaments with available DGMF across the Galaxy, namely, an order of magnitude more than previously investigated, we find that DGMFs are not correlated with Galactic location. We also find that bones have higher DGMFs than other filaments.
An assessment of neutron resonance data for mid-mass isotopes
Authors: Benstead James , McClymont Will , Stevenson Paul 
Published: May 2023

A survey has been conducted of the resonance data available in the major evaluated libraries for a range of mid-mass isotopes. Although many isotopes have data derived from experimental measurements and rigorous analyses, the data for some others, particularly for isotopes that are unstable, are purely theoretically generated, e.g. via the use of the TARES code.
A subsequent project has developed a suite of automated tools to rapidly inspect the resonance data available for a specified isotope. These tools calculate a range of values and distributions for the available data (e.g. cumulative number of resonances versus neutron energy) and use a comparison against expected theoretical values (e.g. a Porter-Thomas distribution) to suggest their physical validity or otherwise.
The motivation for this study, the tools developed, and results for a number of isotopes, are presented in this paper.
Elastografie von Schilddrüsenknoten
Authors: Petersen Manuela , Klemenz Burkhard , Schenke Simone A. 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Elastografie ist eine bildgebende Methode, um die Elastizität von Gewebe zu untersuchen. Inzwischen wurden verschiedene Elastografie-Verfahren entwickelt, die nach der Art des angewandten Stimulus unterteilt werden. Prinzipiell ist zwischen der Strain-Elastografie (SE) und Scherwellen-Elastografie (SWE) zu unterscheiden. Beide Methoden bieten neben der konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen.
Ziel der Arbeit Es soll ein Überblick über die
Elastografie-Verfahren einschließlich der physikalischen Grundlagen vermittelt werden sowie
ihre Bedeutung im Abklärungsalgorithmus von Schilddrüsenknoten.
Material und Methoden Internationale Leitlinien sowie aktuelle Arbeiten zur Elastografie wurden selektiv recherchiert.
Ergebnisse Die Elastografie liefert zusätzliche Informationen gegenüber der konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie. Der wesentliche physikalische Mechanismus, dem der Gewebekontrast in allen Elastogrammen zugrunde liegt, ist die Änderung der Schersteifigkeit. Neben der qualitativen Erfassung der Elastizität in der SE ist mit der SWE eine Quantifizierung möglich. In der internationalen Literatur wurde die Elastografie als einzelne Methode oder im Vergleich bzw. in Kombination zur konventionellen B-Mode-Sonografie und insbesondere mit der Standardisierung mittels eines Risikostratifizierungssystems (RSS, TIRADS) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten sich durchaus kontrovers. Bei Knoten mit unklaren Befunden der Feinnadelbiopsie (Bethesda III/IV) führte die Kombination aus morphologischen Kriterien und Elastografie zu einer Verbesserung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit. Insbesondere der hohe negative prädiktive Wert weicher Knoten stellt einen relevanten Mehrwert dar. Diese Stärke der Methode kann bei der Abklärung von Knoten mit mittlerem Malignomrisiko oder von unklaren FNB-Ergebnissen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Elastografie wurde bisher nur in das (überwiegend durch das EU-TIRADS abgelöste) French-TIRADS integriert. Obwohl das Verfahren im EU-TIRADS als Komplementärmethode Erwähnung findet, wurde eine Integration nicht beschrieben. Limitationen des Verfahrens sind idealisierte Grundannahmen, Hersteller- und Untersucherabhängigkeit sowie Artefakte.
Schlussfolgerung Die Elastografie kann bei der Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenknoten die standardisierten Diagnostikverfahren sinnvoll ergänzen, insbesondere bei Knoten mit mittlerem Malignomrisiko und unklaren Ergebnissen in der Feinnadelpunktion.
Fahrt ins Ungewisse
Authors: Trux Marc-Justin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungUm eine angemessene Personalsituation in vollstationären Pflegeeinrichtungen zu gewährleisten, soll zum 1.7.2023 das bundeseinheitliche Personalbemessungsverfahren (PeBeM) implementiert werden. Die Zeit drängt, gleichzeitig sind noch viele Fragen zu klären – zum Zeitplan, zur Finanzierung und zur einheitlichen Umsetzung.
Free Tissue Transfer in Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Anne , Patel Ronak A. , Gottlieb Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease (SCD) are traditionally considered a relative contraindication to free tissue transfer, due to concerns that erythrocyte sickling will increase the risk of microvascular thrombosis and flap failure. This article describes a case report with the successful use of free tissue transfer in a patient with SCD and provides a systematic literature review on free tissue transfer in SCD. A retrospective chart review was performed of a patient with SCD who underwent free tissue transfer at the authors' institution. A systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed using the keywords “free tissue transfer,” “free flap,” or “microsurgery” and “sickle cell” on PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Scopus. A 29-year-old male with delayed presentation of an electrical burn to the face and scalp underwent wound closure with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Key management principles included red blood cell transfusion to keep hemoglobin S under 30% and hemoglobin greater than 10 g/dL, maintenance of hydration, normothermia, adequate analgesia, and postoperative anticoagulation. Systematic literature review identified 7 articles describing 13 cases of free tissue transfer in 10 patients with SCD, with combined complete free flap success in 10 of the 13 flaps. Free tissue transfer can be successfully performed in patients with SCD. However, evidence on the optimal management of this unique patient population in the perioperative period after free tissue transfer is limited to case reports in the literature.
Trends and Innovations in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Speck Nicole E. , Grufman Vendela , Farhadi Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMore than 40 years have passed since the description of the first “free abdominoplasty flap” for breast reconstruction by Holmström. In the meantime, surgical advances and technological innovations have resulted in the widespread adoption of autologous breast reconstruction to recreate the female breast after mastectomy. While concepts and techniques are continuing to evolve, maintaining an overview is challenging. This article provides a review of current trends and recent innovations in autologous breast reconstruction.
Androgen Receptor Expression in ER and PR Negative Breast Cancer—A Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Sidhu Sumeet , Kwatra Kanwardeep Singh , Kinsley Pamela Alice 
Published: May 2023

Objectives Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status and Her2 overexpression are major determinants in therapeutic decision making. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have limited treatment options. Androgen receptor (AR) expression opens up therapeutic avenues for these patients. The aim of this article was to study the immunohistochemical expression of ARs in ER and PR Negative breast carcinomas and to correlate AR expression with various clinical, histopathological, and other immunohistochemical parameters.Materials and Methods It is a cross-sectional study including 105 ER and PR Negative cases of breast carcinoma. Clinical parameters, histopathology, and immunohistochemical expression of AR, Her2, and Ki67 were analyzed in all cases.Results AR expression was observed in 63.8% of ER and PR Negative breast cancers. In this group, AR expression was strongly associated with Her2 co-expression (89.2%) as compared to TNBCs (45.8%); p-value = 0.0002. Significant correlation was also observed between AR expression and tumor necrosis (p-value = 0.034) and postmenopausal status (p = 0.007).Conclusion Our study shows that significant proportion of ER and PR Negative breast carcinomas (ER- PR- Her2+ and TNBCs) show AR expression. We strongly recommend routine evaluation of all hormone receptor-negative breast carcinomas for AR status by immunohistochemistry.
Bilateral Minithoracotomy for Mitral Valve Repair and Coronary Bypass Grafting
Authors: Fagu Albi , Pingpoh Clarence , Berger Tim , Siepe Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Combined mitral valve and coronary artery surgery is usually accomplished via a median sternotomy and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
Case Description We report on a 67-year-old patient with mitral valve regurgitation and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). The mitral valve was repaired using the loops and ring technique, and the left anterior descending artery was revascularized using the left internal mammary artery through a bilateral minithoracotomy approach. The postoperative course was uneventful.
Conclusion Patients with mitral valve pathologies and concomitant CAD can be successfully operated via a bilateral minithoracotomy approach.
Quality of plant-based diet and the risk of dementia and depression among middle-aged and older population
Authors: Wu Hanzhang , Gu Yeqing , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Xuena , Zhang Juanjuan , Huang Tao , Niu Kaijun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
several previous studies have shown the importance of the plant-based diets. However, not all plant-based foods are necessarily beneficial for dementia or depression. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between an overall plant-based diet and the incidence of dementia or depression.

Methods
we included 180,532 participants from the UK Biobank cohort study, free of a history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia and depression at baseline. We calculated an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) based on 17 major food groups from Oxford WebQ. Dementia and depression were evaluated using hospital inpatient records in UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between PDIs and the incidence of dementia or depression.

Results
during the follow-up, 1,428 dementia cases and 6,781 depression cases were documented. After adjusting for several potential confounders and comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of three plant-based diet indices, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for dementia were 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) for PDI, 0.82 (0.68, 0.98) for hPDI and 1.29 (1.08, 1.53) for uPDI. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for depression were 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) for PDI, 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) for hPDI and 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) for uPDI.

Conclusion
a plant-based diet rich in healthier plant foods was associated with a lower risk of dementia and depression, whereas a plant-based diet that emphasises less-healthy plant foods was associated with a higher risk of dementia and depression.