bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where is Batho Pele? The perspective of child and adolescent mental health service users in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Mokitimi Stella , Jonas Kim , Schneider Marguerite , de Vries Petrus J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Mental health disorders of children and adolescents represent a key area of concern, yet child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are neglected, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is a clear need to provide services that are relevant to the needs of service users, but little research to date has explored their needs and experiences of services, or to identify their recommendations for service strengthening. In 1997 the South African Government introduced the “Batho Pele” (‘People First’) initiative in all public sector services, with the aim of putting the voices of service users at the centre of decision-making of policy development and implementation. This study sought to explore user perspectives about CAMHS in the Western Cape, one of the nine provinces of South Africa.
Methods:
Using focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, qualitative data were collected from 22 purposively sampled CAMHS users (caregivers and adolescents) across the Western Cape Province. Data were entered into N-VIVO, and thematic analysis was performed by two independent raters.
Results:
Results highlighted slow, inappropriate and unacceptable CAMHS at primary level of care, and lack of dedicated CAMH resources and staff rudeness at primary and secondary levels of care. Only one positive theme was identified about a new service initiative at primary care. Only specialist CAMHS (tertiary level) were regarded as well-organised. To improve CAMHS, users recommended that: the processes and procedures should be restructured to become child- and family-friendly, separate CAMHS should be developed at primary and secondary levels, CAMHS should be prioritized to provide equitable services to young people with mental health disorders, and better communication and information, including formal psychoeducation should be provided to caregivers.
Conclusions:
The data from this study provided very little support for the “Batho Pele” principles and highlighted a clear need for CAMHS strengthening in the Western Cape, and in South Africa as a whole. These findings may be very similar in other low-resource settings and highlight the importance of putting “people first” by listening to their voices on an ongoing basis and at all levels of service and systems strengthening.
A Numerical Scheme for Gas Dynamics Equation Involving Caputo-Fabrizio Time-Fractional Derivative
Authors: Noureen Rabia , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz , Iqbal Muhammad Kashif , Elkenany Elkenany B. , Abbas Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a numerical algorithm based on extended cubic B-spline functions is presented for the approximate solution of the fractional order gas dynamics model. The proposed technique employs the finite difference formulation to discretize the Caputo-Fabrizio time fractional derivative and uses extended cubic B-spline functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial direction. A stability analysis of the scheme is conducted which confirms that the error does not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure. The derivation of uniform convergence is also supplied. Some computational experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical results. The obtained results achieved by the proposed method indicate the easy implementation and effectiveness of the approach used in the article.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 65D07, 65M06, 65M12, 65M70, 76N15
Single-cell spatial proteomic analysis by multiplexed imaging enables identification of microglial heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease human brain
Authors: Sanchez-Molina Paula , Pratapa Aditya , Nikulina Nadya , Cheikh Bassem , Singh Jasmine , Dhawan Amisha , Bogachuck Alina , Chiot Aude , Chin Gregory , Emberley Katie , Crotti Andrea , Woltjer Randy , Braubach Oliver , Ajami Bahareh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Single-cell technologies have revealed important cell heterogeneity across the human brain. In the context of neurological diseases, the relationship between different cell subpopulations and pathological features can be crucial for their understanding. However, the combination of spatial, single-cell, and high-plex protein information together with analytical tools for the accurate segmentation of ramified cells remains a challenge to address in neuroscience.
Here, we present CODEX-CNS, a modification of CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX) technology for its use in human brain tissues. This technology consists of multiplexed fluorescent imaging that allows the detection of up to 100 proteins using DNA-barcoded antibodies. In this paper we bring technical advancements to the CODEX protocol and an improved data analysis pipeline for accurate segmentation of complex cell morphologies. As proof-of-principle, we were able to detect the different parenchymal brain cells and their cytoarchitecture, as well as blood-brain barrier and meningeal components with a 32-plex antibody panel. More specifically, we used CODEX-CNS in human brain samples of healthy and Alzheimer’s disease donors to study microglial phenotypes in relationship to their spatial context. Applying our customized cell segmentation algorithm and clustering analysis, we identified diverse microglial subpopulations differentially distributed between brain areas and according to their distance to amyloid-β plaques.
These data provide a new approach for the neuroscience community that allows the characterization of microglial subpopulations at the protein level with both single-cell and spatial resolution.
Feasibility of Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: REDDY B L NIRANJAN , KALYAN K , VENKATESH B , SAI K KALYAN , CHOWDARY R BHOGESH , GOWTHAMI G , S G USHA 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Concrete is homogenous material which is used in construction. The rapid urbanization which results huge concrete waste in environment and using huge amount of natural resources which causes large amount of solid waste disposal issues. This research utlilizes the recycled aggregates and can be used as concrete material. As a part of this investigation first the properties of the different constituents of concrete have been studied and confirmed that they can be used in concrete preparation. The M30 grade concrete was done by using recycled coarse aggregate and with the replacement of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% than that of natural aggregate. Tests were conducted on conventional concrete and different concrete mixes and comparison should be done. The optimum replacement should be calculated based on the above test results.
Empirical correlations of constant ductility seismic input and hysteretic energies with conventional intensity measures
Authors: Hasanoğlu Serkan , Güllü Emrah , Güllü Ahmet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ground motion intensity measures (IMs) possess a significant role in earthquake engineering, especially during ground motion selection for nonlinear response history analyses and dynamic shake table tests as well as for probabilistic seismic engineering. Conventional IMs are not capable of accounting for the duration-related cumulative plastic damage, the frequency content of the ground motions, and the hysteretic behavior of the structural members which can be considered inherently by seismic energy-based IMs. However, many efforts have been paid for conventional IMs to relate them to the structural response. To benefit from these efforts, an empirical correlation study between energy-based and conventional IMs is required. To this end, constant ductility seismic input energy and hysteretic energy imparted to diverse single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) systems were calculated for near-field earthquake records. The empirical correlations of the energy-based IMs with conventional spectrum-based, peak amplitude-based and cumulative-based IMs have been investigated based on the response history analyses. Further, predictive models between energy parameters and spectral acceleration were suggested considering different constant ductility levels. Hence, ground motion characteristics reflected by the input and hysteretic energy can be explicitly considered in performance-based earthquake engineering applications.
Recovery optimization of plant waste derived antioxidants and their incorporation in cosmetic creams to enhance antioxidant potential: A cost-effective approach
Authors: Nosheen Sofia , Kaleem Maira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plants waste is considered a valuable resource for extraction of valuable antioxidants. The prime objective of this study was to optimize extraction of phenolic compounds from four plant waste materials and quantification of their phenolic content to utilize their phytoextracts for loading into cosmetic creams. Dried residue of four plant materials: Neem leaves (NL), lime plant leaves (LL), radish leaves (RL) and carrot pulp (CP) was extracted using water and ethanol solvent under conditions i.e., boiling, soaking and shaking. Phenolic activity was accessed by Folin-ciocalteu and DPPH free radical scavenger method. Neem leaves extract showed the highest TPC of 112.3mg GAE/g and 92.82% free radical scavenging ability while the other samples also showed significant amounts. Aqueous solvent extracted higher TPC as compared to ethanolic solvent. A positive correlation was observed between TPC and antioxidant activity in aqueous extracts while ethanolic extracts showed no significant correlation. A significant raise in antioxidant activity of creams samples was reported upon loading them with phytoextracts. In one cream sample, the TPC content went from 1.89 to 54.05mg GAE/g after loading with lime plant extracts. In another sample, the free radical scavenging activity of cream raised from 19.34–95.35% by loading cream with 2% lime plant extract. Cosmetic creams containing plant extracts also indicated lesser microbial growth. Slight changes in other parameters e.g. pH, color and odor were also detected in formulated cosmetic products. Conclusively, plant wastes can be used as a valuable resource in cosmetic formulations for skin anti-aging.
Assessment of Hygiene Practices Among Eateries in Amai Community: a Mixed Intervention Study.
Authors: Etim John John , C. Okonkwo Browne , Aduloju Richard Akin , Etim-John Obasesam John , Esen Roseline Ekpenyong , Ibu Josephine Moshe , Akinsola Akinyele Olubiyi , Efejene Ofejiro Isreal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
There is an observable increase in food-borne diseases, food poisoning among the rural dwellers in the study setting which is perceived to be due to consumption of poorly handled food. This was a strong justification for this study.
Objective
This study aimed at assessing the environmental and storage system for unprocessed and processed food amongst identified eateries and to implement interventions based on observed wrong practices.
Results
At pre-intervention phase, apron use was 15 (39.5%) with 3 (7.9%) consistency; chef caps usage was 14 (36.8%) with 8 (21.1%) consistency but there was no observable use of facemasks. Twenty-three (60.0%) reported Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) burden. At the post-intervention phase, apron use was 37 (97.4%) with 35 (92.1%) consistency; chef cap use was 28 (73.7%) with 26 (68.4%) consistency; facemask use was 33 (86.8%) with 19 (50.0%) consistency. By implication, 36.8% wear it under the chin, and 13.2% still feel uncomfortable using it.
Conclusion
Interventions can influence the practice of good food handling practice among food handlers and consistency in the use of PPE to prevent food contamination via droplets.
Prevalence of Pathotypes of Escherichia coli in Stools of HIV-Positive Adults Attending a HAART Clinic in IleIfe, Nigeria
Authors: Eniola Kehinde , Awoniyi Love , Torimiro Nkem , Ajayi Olufunmilola 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has improved health outcomes, including reduced opportunist infections like diarrhoea. However, there are reports of Escherichia coli strains as notable agent of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-positive patients. It is important to know the pathotypes that are involved to efficiently and effectively manage the patients.
Methods
This study examined the pathotypes of Escherichia coli in the stools of volunteer HIV-positive adult individuals attending HAART Clinic in IleIfe, Nigeria that presented with diarrhoea. E. coli was isolated from the stool samples, characterised, identified, and pathotyped based on the presence of virulence genes: eaeA, bfpA, stx1, stx2, eltB, estA, ipaH, pCVD, and EcoRI-PstI.
Results
E. coli was found in only 27 (9.96%) of the 271 stool samples examined. Among the 72 E. coli strains isolated, 21 were Diarrheagenic (DEC): 11 (52.38%) were Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 7 (33.33%) were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and 3 (14.29%) were E. coli (EHEC) pathotypes. Five (5) of the stool samples yielded more than one DEC pathotype.
Conclusion
There was a low prevalence of DEC, and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are major pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli prevalent among the HIV-positive adult individuals in the study area.
Retinoic acid signaling regulates the energy metabolism of embryonic lung branching
Authors: Fernandes-Silva Hugo , Alves Marco G. , Garcez Marcia R. , Correia-Pinto Jorge , Oliveira Pedro F. , Homem Catarina C. F. , Moura Rute S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background: Lung branching morphogenesis is characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and mediated by complex signaling that ultimately defines the airway conducting system. Retinoic Acid (RA) signaling is crucial for lung organogenesis and modulates proximal-distal patterning and branching morphogenesis. However, how signaling networks and energy metabolism work together to shape embryonic lung development remains unexplored. Here, we investigate how RA signaling influences the metabolic profile of lung branching.

Methods: We performed ex vivo lung explant culture using embryonic chicken lungs (Gallus gallus) treated with DMSO, 1 uM RA (stimulation), or 10 uM of BMS493 (inhibition). Explant culture media was collected, and the consumption/production of extracellular metabolites was evaluated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Lung explants were analyzed to determine mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. Proliferation was assessed using an EdU‐based assay. Western blot, qPCR, and in situ hybridization were performed to assess the expression of metabolic/signaling components.

Results: Upon stimulation, RA signaling increases lung branching, maintaining proper morphology. Besides, there is an increase in the amount of glucose directed into pyruvate and succinate rather than into alanine or lactate production. On the other hand, RA signaling inhibition decreases lung branching, induces a cystic-like phenotype, and promotes mitochondrial function. Proliferation status and lactate dehydrogenase expression are both regulated by RA signaling. Furthermore, RA signaling controls fatty acid metabolism through an AMPK-dependent mechanism.

Conclusions: This report shows that RA signaling modulates the energy metabolism of lung branching morphogenesis and highlights the importance of metabolic regulation in this phase, contributing to understanding the etiology of congenital lung disorders.
A Descriptive Epidemiology of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Bacteraemia in a Tertiary Hospital, Southwest Nigeria.
Authors: Irek Emmanuel Oladayo , Fajoyegbe Emmanuel Sunday , Fatunla Odunayo Adebukola Temitope , Oyebanji Adedayo Hakeem , Kiyesi Adekemi , Adebayo Adeshola , Anuforo Anthony Chinemere , Odele Richmond , Ogundare Ezra Olatunde , Babalola Tosin Odunayo , Adebisi Temidayo Deborah , Ihetu Josephine Chijioke , Fayomi Mosunmola Margaret , Akimade Akinola , Ogundipe Kolawole Olubunmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly becoming emerging bacteria of ‘true’ clinical significance in hospital setting. We investigated an unusual rise in incidence of CoNS bacteraemia among in-patients in a private tertiary hospital, Southwest Nigeria and described ways of mitigation.
Methods
A descriptive epidemiology of all cases of CoNS bacteraemia reported among in-patients between April 2022 and June 2022 was conducted. Blood cultures were processed in an automated system. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of CoNS were done according to established guidelines. A multimodal infection prevention and control (IPC) approach by the World Health Organisation was implemented.
Findings
A total of 82 blood cultures (non-duplicate samples) were requested during the period. Of these, 30 (36.5%) were culture-positive and 10 of the isolates were CoNS (10/30, 33.3%). Cumulative incidence of CoNS bacteraemia was 12 cases per 100 patients over 90days from 1–2% in previous months. Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4/10, 40%), Staphylococcus hominis (3/10, 30%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2/10, 20%) and Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (1/10, 10%) were identified. All isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefoxitin (methicillin-resistant) while they were all susceptible to both Vancomycin and linezolid. All the isolates fell into S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus cluster groups. The rates reduced to baseline on the implementation of the IPC strategies.
Conclusion
The unusual rise of CoNS incidence in the hospital was caused by multi-drug resistant cluster groups of S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis which was curtailed by the implementation of multimodal strategies.
Comparing Recovery from Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Patients with
Different Body Fat Percentages: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cao Silu , Wang Huijuan , Tang Lijun , An Guanghui 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Increased body fat may influence the partition coefficients of inhaled anesthetics.
We compared patient responses to desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia, as measured by a quicker
recovery and fewer complications, in patients with higher body fat percentages, not only obese people.

Methods:
This study included 120 patients. Participants were stratified into low or high body fat percentages
groups using bioelectrical impedance analysis and were randomized 1:1 to receive desflurane
or sevoflurane as an inhaled anesthetic, recorded as Low-Desflurane, Low-Sevoflurane, High-
Desflurane, and High-Sevoflurane. Recovery time, Riker sedation–agitation scale scores, and complications
were recorded over 1 hour in the post-anesthesia care unit.

Results:
A total of 106 patients were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the overall recovery
time between the patient subgroups with higher and lower body fat percentages; in addition,
there were no significant differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting,dizziness, or headache (all
p>0.05). However, the incidence of agitation emergence in the HighSevoflurane subgroup was significantly
higher compared to the High-Desflurane subgroup (33.3% vs.7.41%; p = 0.043).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, for patients with a lower body fat percentage, both desflurane and sevoflurane
can provide good and fast recovery; for patients with a higher body fat percentage,desflurane may
provide better recovery with a lower incidence of agitation emergence compared to sevoflurane.
Measurement of Humanity Among Health Professionals: Development and Validation of the Medical Humanity Scale Using the Delphi Method
Authors: Ataya Jawdat , Jamous Issam , Dashash Mayssoon 
Published: May 2023

Background
Despite the importance of humanism in providing health care, there is a lack of valid and reliable tool for assessing humanity among health professionals.

Objective
The aim of this study was to design a new humanism scale and to assess the validity of this scale in measuring humanism among Syrian health professional students.

Methods
The Medical Humanity Scale (MHS) was designed. It consists of 27 items categorized into 7 human values including patient-oriented care, respect, empathy, ethics, altruism, and compassion. The scale was tested for internal consistency and reliability using Cronbach α and test-retest methods. The construct validity of the scale was also tested to assess the ability of the scale in differentiating between groups of health professional students with different levels of medical humanity. A 7-point Likert scale was adopted. The study included 300 participants including 97 medical, 78 dental, 82 pharmacy, and 43 preparatory-year students from Syrian universities. The Delphi method was used and factors analysis was performed. Bartlett test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy were used. The number of components was extracted using principal component analysis.

Results
The mean score of the MHS was 158.7 (SD 11.4). The MHS mean score of female participants was significantly higher than the mean score of male participants (159.59, SD 10.21 vs 155.48, SD 14.35; P=.008). The MHS mean score was significantly lower in dental students (154.12, SD 1.45; P=.005) than the mean scores of medical students (159.77, SD 1.02), pharmacy students (161.40, SD 1.05), and preparatory-year students (159.05, SD 1.94). However, no significant relationship was found between humanism and academic year (P=.32), university type (P=.34), marital status (P=.64), or financial situation (P=.16). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.730) and Bartlett test of sphericity (1201.611, df=351; P=.01) were performed. Factor analysis indicated that the proportion of variables between the first and second factors was greater than 10%, confirming that the scale was a single group. The Cronbach α for the overall scale was 0.735, indicating that the scale had acceptable reliability and validity.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that the MHS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring humanity among health professional students and the development of patient-centered care.
Pemanfaatan Sanggar Alfaz Sebagai Strategi Pemuda Besuki Timur Mengatasi Bencana Industri Lumpur Lapindo
Authors: Novenanto Anton , Amiruddin Lutfi , Ilma Daris 
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini adalah kajian tentang strategi pemuda menghadapi situasi bencana dan krisis pasca bencana. Dalam kajian ini fokus pada kelompok-kelompok pemuda, mengingat kajian tentang studi tentang kebencanaan lebih sering fokus pada anak-anak dan perempuan. Secara khusus, kajian ini mencoba memberikan analisi komprehesif strategi pemuda Besuki Timur mengatasi bencana industri lumpur Lapindo dengan memanfaatkan Sanggar Alfaz multi perspektif. Penelitian ini berusaha membangun sinergi teoritik dari tiga disiplin ilmu sosial yaitu antropologi, sosiologi dan psikologi. Adapun metodepengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan etnografi dengan pendekatan coping behavior yang menyertakan analisis sosiologis dan psikologis didalamnya. Tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran sekilas tentang insiden Lumpur Lapindo dan posisi Besuki Timur dalam insiden tersebut. Selain itu, penulis juga berupaya untuk memberi gambaran singkat mengenai Sanggar Alfaz yang sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2009. Pada bagian akhir, penulis menambahkan tentang diskusi singkat dan refl eksi kritis sebagai penutup. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sanggar Alfaz menjadi wadah bagi para pemuda untuk meningkatkan kapasitas diri melalui beberapa kegiatan. Sanggar Alfaz juga menjadi ruang yang memungkinkan bagi pemuda membangun jejaring sosial pemuda di dalam dan luar sanggar. Disamping itu, sanggar Alfaz juga berfungsi sebagai wadah untuk mengatasi krisis psikis dan krisis sosial para pemuda Besuki Timur sebagai akibatdari bencana lumpur Lapindo.Kata kunci : Sanggar Alfaz, Besuki Timur, pemuda, Lumpur Lapindo, situasi bencana.