bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall risk in older adults hospitalized with tumours: Contributing factors and prediction model
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Dong Chen , Zhao Rui , Gu Zhifeng , Sun Chi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimRates vary widely across hospitals globally and typically range from 3 to 11 falls per 1000 bed days and as 7–11 in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. This study determined to explore contributing factors and poor prognosis of fall in elderly tumour patients in China.DesignA cross‐sectional study.Methods161 older adults were invited to participate in this study and completed a self‐reported questionnaire, took blood tests, and received the exam of musculoskeletal ultrasound.ResultsAmong 161 patients, falls occurred in 41 cases, accounting for 24.8%. 51.6% of older adults suffered from intermediate‐to‐high risk of falls. Fall history, reduced self‐care ability, sleep disturbance, hearing impairment, hyperkyphosis, chronic disease, platelet count, and the thickness of left muscle rectus femoris (LF‐MLT), and left cross‐sectional area (LF‐CSA) were all contributing factors of fall, and higher risk of fall indicating lower quality of life. A fall prediction model was established in this study based on above contributing factors with good prediction efficiency (AUC = 0.920).Patient or public contributionThe patient volunteers participated in this study and provided valuable data for the final analysis and the acquisition of conclusion.
A novel PIEZO2 mutation in a fetus from a Chinese family with Gordon syndrome
Authors: Pu Lihong , Dai Xiaohui , Liu Dan , Wang Yu , Liu Hanmin , He Xiaolan , Chen Jiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe describe a fetus from a Chinese family whose parents were both healthy but showed multiple malformations, including clubfoot, camptodactyly, micrognathia, and cleft palate. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the proband's parents and skeletal muscle tissue from the aborted fetus to determine the diagnosis and underlying cause. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed that the fetus was heterozygous for a novel variant of uncertain significance in exon 56 (c.8576G>A; p.Trp2859*) of the Piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 gene (PIEZO2) (NM_001378183.1). A diagnosis of Gordon syndrome (GS) was made from the presence of this variant and ultrasonic manifestation. Sanger sequencing of the proband's parents resulted in normal chromatograms, suggesting that this was either a de novo variant in the fetus or, less likely, the result of germline mosaicism in the proband's mother or father. This is the first description of GS caused by a PIEZO2 variant in which the fetus was the proband. A prenatal diagnosis of GS can be established by fetal ultrasound examination combined with genetic testing.
Formative evaluation of Peace Spaces in a middle school: Teacher perceptions and student usage
Authors: Liang Christopher T. H. , Gutekunst Malaïka H. C. , Liu Lian , Rosenberger Teresa , Kohler Brooke A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTeaching youth how to self‐regulate is a focus of a trauma‐informed school approach. Peace Spaces, including Peace Corners and Peace Rooms, are a trauma‐informed intervention used to teach self‐regulation skills to students. The current study used a Consensual Qualitative Research design to identify and describe the thoughts, concerns, and experiences of teachers who implemented Peace Spaces within a middle school in a small urban center of Pennsylvania. Results of qualitative data analyses provided insight into teachers' perceptions of strengths and challenges to the implementation of Peace Rooms. Additionally, using the school's archival data, the study examined how students were using the Peace Room. Domains from interviews with teachers included: (1) How Peace Spaces are Used; (2) Reasons for Using Peace Spaces; (3) Benefits of Peace Spaces; (4) Peace Space Strategies; (5) Challenges of Peace Spaces; (6) Attitudes about Peace Spaces; and (7) Future Directions. Themes from analysis of archival data indicated that students used the Peace Room for one or a combination of five stressors, with Peer‐Related Stressors and Mental Health as the top reasons. Collectively, these results suggested Peace Rooms were useful to students who needed a space to self‐regulate and/or talk through their problems with a trusted adult. Finally, the school's data indicated a downward trend in the number of referrals for discipline.
Evaluation of the efficacy of asthma information videos (‘Moving On Asthma’) at improving knowledge in teenage children
Authors: Gardiner Adam , Gibbons Moira , Barker Nicki , Elphick Heather 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is a common inflammatory condition that can be life threatening. The National Review of Asthma Deaths (2014) recommended: Parents and children…should be educated about managing asthma. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an educational video on asthma at improving knowledge in adolescent children.MethodsA 3‐min asthma education video was shown to young people aged 13–15 years in two contrasting schools. Knowledge of asthma was evaluated using a 6‐question form completed at 3 timepoints: baseline (pre), immediately after intervention (post), and 1 week later (delayed). A total of 151 data sets from two schools were analysed.ResultsKnowledge was significantly improved immediately after watching the video for four out of six questions, indicating that the video was successful in effectively educating the children about asthma. There was no significant change to responses between immediately after watching the video and a week later, suggesting retention of the knowledge gained from viewing the intervention material.ConclusionThe results suggest acquisition and retention of knowledge in young people after watching a video on asthma, providing evidence to support the use of digital, video‐assisted, internet‐based learning tools such as the ‘Moving on Asthma’ website as an aid to regular clinics for young people with asthma.
Multinuclear Pd(II) oligomeric nanohoop complexes with 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐embedded cycloparaphenylenes ligands exhibiting ultrahigh third‐order nonlinear optical performance
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Qiu Yong‐Qing , Zhao Yuan‐Yuan , Lv Xiao‐Shu , Li Shang‐Qi , An Chang‐Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnlike traditionally available linear frameworks, cyclic transition‐metal architectures with cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) ligands provide new access to develop modern nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In this work, a sequence of “staircase” Pd(II) oligomeric nanohoop complexes with the 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐embedded CPPs ligand unit through “series connection” mode and “Ω‐type” Pd(II) trimeric isomer have been systematically designed and investigated via density functional theory. Herein, we first report the dependence of third‐order NLO responses on the number of bipyridine CPP building ligands in a quantitative way. Impressively, the Pd(II) trimeric complexes possess ultrahigh third‐order NLO responses, which are ascribed to the large orbital delocalization and decreased energy gap. To our delight, the enlargement of the nanohoop size is beneficial to improving third‐order NLO responses for Pd(II) oligomeric nanohoop complexes, and the maximum absorption spikes show the blue shift tendency. The effect of size on the third‐order NLO responses becomes much larger with the addition of bipyridine CPPs ligand. Overall, we hope the current work will deliver a new quantitative structure–property relationship toward the design and synthesis of Pd(II) oligomeric nanohoop complexes with high third‐order NLO responses.
Freely acting orbifolds of type IIB string theory on T5
Authors: Gkountoumis George , Hull Chris , Stemerdink Koen , Vandoren Stefan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study freely acting orbifolds of type IIB string theory on T5 that spontaneously break supersymmetry from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6, 4, 2 or 0 in five dimensions. We focus on orbifolds that are a ℤp quotient by a T-duality acting on T4 and a shift on the remaining S1. Modular invariant partition functions are constructed and detailed examples of both symmetric and asymmetric orbifolds are presented, including new examples of five-dimensional non-supersymmetric string theories with no tachyons. The orbifolds we consider arise at special points in the moduli space of string theory compactifications with a duality twist. The supergravity limit of these are Scherk-Schwarz reductions which generate gauged supergravities with positive definite classical potentials on the moduli space in five dimensions. Both symmetric and asymmetric freely acting orbifolds give a landscape of Minkowski vacua. For gauged supergravities to belong to this landscape, we find a number of constraints and conditions. Firstly, the scalar potential should lead to a massive spectrum with masses that obey quantization conditions arising from a string theory orbifold, which we discuss in detail. Secondly, we find constraints on the massless sector, e.g. in the examples of orbifolds preserving sixteen supersymmetries in five dimensions that we consider, only an odd number of vector multiplets arises. Lastly, we present new examples of candidate asymmetric orbifolds with modular invariant partition functions, but with non-integral coefficients in the $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

-expansion in the twisted sectors.
Heart rate variability as a predictor of successful catheter-guided pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Drexler M. , Blum T. , Heinroth K. M. , Hartkopf T. , Plehn A. , Schirdewahn P. , Sedding D. G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective observational study investigated the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation (RF).MethodsWe enrolled 497 patients who underwent PVI using first-generation cryoballoon (CB1), second-generation cryoballoon (CB2), or RF. We analyzed HRV as a surrogate for modulation of the intrinsic autonomic nervous system using 24‑h Holter recordings 1 or 2 days after the procedure and compared the recurrence and non-recurrence group with regard to ablation methods. Furthermore, we calculated recurrence-free survival (RFS) below/over HRV cut-off values for the whole study population and separately for each ablation method.ResultsAll except one of the five time-based HRV parameters analyzed were significantly lower in the non-recurrence group than in the recurrence group after CB2. Only a trend toward lower HRV for the non-recurrence group was found after RF and no remarkable differences were detected after CB1. The HRV parameters below their calculated cut-off were associated with a significantly higher RFS rate 2 years after CB2. This also applied to root mean sum of squared distance (rMSSD) and the percentage of adjacent NN interval differences greater than 50 ms (pNN50) after RF. No differences were found regarding CB1. Concerning rMSSD, the sensitivity, specificity, and difference in RFS increased when using cut-offs that were calculated including only CB2 patients. Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that low rMSSD values could independently predict AF recurrence after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio: 0.50;p < 0.001).ConclusionLow values of rMSSD early after a PVI could independently predict AF recurrence, especially after CB2.
Time-Asymptotic Expansion with Pointwise Remainder Estimates for 1D Viscous Compressible Flow
Authors: Koike Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe construct a time-asymptotic expansion with pointwise remainder estimates for solutions to 1D compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The leading-order term is the well-known diffusion wave and the higher-order terms are a newly introduced family of waves which we call higher-order diffusion waves. In particular, these provide an accurate description of the power-law asymptotics of the solution around the origin $$x=0$$

x
=
0

, where the diffusion wave decays exponentially. The expansion is valid locally and also globally in the $$L^p({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
p

(
R
)

-norm for all $$1\le p\le \infty $$

1
≤
p
≤
∞

. The proof is based on pointwise estimates of Green’s function.
Analytical factors for eight short-chain fatty acid analyses in mouse feces through headspace solid-phase microextraction–triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kang Sunhee , Yun Jeonghyun , Park Ho-Young , Lee Jang-Eun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study developed a method for quantifying eight short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mouse fecal samples using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, significant factors affecting SCFA analysis, including SPME fiber selection, pH, salting-out agent, and sample collection time, were investigated. Contrary to previous studies, we found that the CAR/PDMS fiber had the highest extraction efficiency for all SCFAs. The optimal extraction efficiency was observed at pH 2.0, particularly for low-molecular-weight SCFAs. NaH2PO4 showed a more effective extraction efficiency than NaCl, owing to its pH stability and less interference with the solvent matrix. Additionally, our results showed that the SCFA concentration increased over collection time. The composition ratio of the eight SCFAs was maintained for up to 24 h; thus, we concluded that samples should be collected within four hours to obtain reliable results. Our findings may improve laboratory methods for SCFA extraction and mouse fecal sample analysis.
Graphical Abstract
Step away from depression—results from a multicenter randomized clinical trial with a pedometer intervention during and after inpatient treatment of depression
Authors: Große Julia , Huppertz Charlotte , Röh Astrid , Oertel Viola , Andresen Sara , Schade Niklas , Goerke-Arndt Franziska , Kastinger Anna , Schoofs Nikola , Thomann Philipp Arthur , Henkel Karsten , Malchow Berend , Plag Jens , Terziska Aleksandra , Brand Ralf , Helmig Frank , Schorb Alexander , Wedekind Dirk , Jockers-Scherübl Maria , Schneider Frank , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvidence for the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of depression prevails for outpatients with mild and moderate symptom levels. For inpatient treatment of severe depression, evidence-based effectiveness exists only for structured and supervised group PA interventions. The Step Away from Depression (SAD) study investigated the effectiveness of an individual pedometer intervention (PI) combined with an activity diary added to inpatient treatment as usual (TAU). In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 192 patients were randomized to TAU or TAU plus PI. The two primary outcomes at discharge were depression—blindly rated with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)—and average number of daily steps measured by accelerometers. Secondary outcomes were self-rated depression and PA, anxiety, remission and response rates. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no significant difference between both groups for depression and daily steps. Mean MADRS scores at baseline were 29.5 (SD = 8.3) for PI + TAU and 28.8 (SD = 8.1) for TAU and 16.4 (SD = 10.3) and 17.2 (SD = 9.9) at discharge, respectively. Daily steps rose from 6285 (SD = 2321) for PI + TAU and 6182 (SD = 2290) for TAU to 7248 (SD = 2939) and 7325 (SD = 3357). No differences emerged between groups in secondary outcomes. For severely depressed inpatients, a PI without supervision or further psychological interventions is not effective. Monitoring, social reinforcement and motivational strategies should be incorporated in PA interventions for this population to reach effectiveness.
Bio-inspired, task-free continual learning through activity regularization
Authors: Lässig Francesco , Aceituno Pau Vilimelis , Sorbaro Martino , Grewe Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ability to sequentially learn multiple tasks without forgetting is a key skill of biological brains, whereas it represents a major challenge to the field of deep learning. To avoid catastrophic forgetting, various continual learning (CL) approaches have been devised. However, these usually require discrete task boundaries. This requirement seems biologically implausible and often limits the application of CL methods in the real world where tasks are not always well defined. Here, we take inspiration from neuroscience, where sparse, non-overlapping neuronal representations have been suggested to prevent catastrophic forgetting. As in the brain, we argue that these sparse representations should be chosen on the basis of feed forward (stimulus-specific) as well as top-down (context-specific) information. To implement such selective sparsity, we use a bio-plausible form of hierarchical credit assignment known as Deep Feedback Control (DFC) and combine it with a winner-take-all sparsity mechanism. In addition to sparsity, we introduce lateral recurrent connections within each layer to further protect previously learned representations. We evaluate the new sparse-recurrent version of DFC on the split-MNIST computer vision benchmark and show that only the combination of sparsity and intra-layer recurrent connections improves CL performance with respect to standard backpropagation. Our method achieves similar performance to well-known CL methods, such as Elastic Weight Consolidation and Synaptic Intelligence, without requiring information about task boundaries. Overall, we showcase the idea of adopting computational principles from the brain to derive new, task-free learning algorithms for CL.
The immune microenvironment after neoadjuvant therapy compared to upfront surgery in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zwart Eline S. , van Ee Thomas , Doppenberg Deesje , Farina Arantza , Wilmink Johanna W. , Versteijne Eva , Busch Olivier R. , Besselink Marc G. , Meijer Laura L. , van Kooyk Yvette , Mebius Reina E. , Kazemier Geert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma increasingly receive neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery. However, the effect of neoadjuvant therapy on the immune microenvironment remains largely unknown. We analyzed the immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer tumor tissue samples from patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy compared to patients after upfront surgery to gain knowledge about the immunological environment after therapy.

Methods
Multispectral imaging was performed on tissue from resected specimens from patients with PDAC who underwent upfront surgery (n = 10), neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX (n = 10) or gemcitabine + radiotherapy (gem-RT) (n = 9) followed by surgery. The samples were selected by a dedicated pancreas pathologist from both the central part and the invasive front of the tumor (by the resected vein or venous surface) and subsequently analyzed using the Vectra Polaris.

Results
Patients receiving neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX display a more pro-inflammatory immune profile, with less regulatory T cells and more CD8 T cells in the tumor tissue compared to patients receiving neoadjuvant gem-RTgem-RT or undergoing upfront surgery. Furthermore, CD163+ macrophages were decreased, and a higher CD163− macrophages versus CD163+ macrophages ratio was found in patients with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. In all treatment groups, percentage of FoxP3+ B cells was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to adjacent tissue. Furthermore, an increase in regulatory T cells in the tumor tissue was found in patients undergoing upfront surgery or receiving neoadjuvant gem-RT. In the gem-RT group, less CD8 T cells and a higher CD163+ macrophages to CD8 ratio were noted in the tumor tissue, suggesting a more immune suppressive profile in the tumor tissue.

Conclusion
Patients receiving neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX display a more pro-inflammatory immune profile compared to patients receiving neoadjuvant gem-RT or undergoing upfront surgery. Furthermore, in all treatment groups, a more immune suppressive microenvironment was found in the tumor tissue compared to the adjacent non-tumorous tissue.
Cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two cohorts of children with different national gluten recommendations in infancy
Authors: Lindgren Marie , Palmkvist Elsa , Norström Fredrik , Cerqueiro Bybrant Mara , Myleus Anna , Samuelsson Ulf , Ludvigsson Johnny , Carlsson Annelie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims
Between 1985 and 1996, Sweden experienced an “epidemic” of celiac disease with a fourfold increase in incidence in young children. Timing and amount of gluten introduced during infancy have been thought to explain this “epidemic”. We aimed to study whether the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes differs between children born during the “epidemic” compared to children born after.

Methods
This is a national register study in Sweden comparing the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two birth cohorts of 240 844 children 0–17 years old born 1992–1993, during the “epidemic”, and 179 530 children born 1997–1998, after the “epidemic”. Children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were identified using three national registers.

Results
The cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes by the age of 17 was statistically significantly higher in those born after the “epidemic” 0.77% than in those born during the “epidemic” 0.68% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is higher in those born after the epidemic compared to those born during the epidemic, which does not support the hypothesis that gluten introduction increases the incidence of T1D. Changes in gluten introduction did not halt the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in Sweden.
Family and literature analysis demonstrates phenotypic effect of two variants in the calpain-3 gene
Authors: Tomforde Maike , Steinbach Meike , Haack Tobias B. , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoth, recessive (LGMD R1) and dominant (LGMD D4) inheritance occur in calpain 3-related muscular dystrophy. We report a family with calpain-related muscular dystrophy caused by two known variants in the calpain 3 gene (CAPN3, NM_000070.3; (I) c.700G>A, p.Gly234Arg and (II) c.1746-20C>G, p.?). Three family members are compound heterozygous and exhibit a relatively homogeneous phenotype characterized by progressive proximal weakness starting in the third to fourth decade of life in the shoulder girdle and spreading to the legs. Two family members affected only by the p.Gly234Arg heterozygous missense variants show a different phenotype characterized by severe exertional myalgia without overt pareses. We conclude that in our family, the missense variant causes a severe myalgic phenotype without pareses that is aggravated by the second intronic variant and put these findings in the context of previous studies of the same variants.
Professionalisierung Sozialer Arbeit – internationale Perspektiven
Authors: Gredig Daniel , Scherr Albert 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Diskussion um Professionalität und Professionalisierung Sozialer Arbeit ist im deutschen Sprachraum mit einem Fokus auf Merkmale professionellen Handelns geführt worden. In international vergleichender Perspektive wird dagegen deutlich, dass Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten von Professionalisierung von gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen sowie davon abhängig sind, welchen Einfluss die Selbstorganisationsstrukturen der Sozialen Arbeit auf Ausbildung, Zulassung zum Beruf und die Einhaltung fachlicher Standards haben.