bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 27-gene IO score is associated with efficacy of PD-1/L1 inhibitors independent of FGFR expression in a real-world metastatic urothelial carcinoma cohort
Authors: Nielsen Tyler J. , Varga Matthew G. , Cronister Catherine T. , Ring Brian Z. , Seitz Robert S. , Ross Douglas T. , Schweitzer Brock L. , McGregor Kimberly 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple targeted therapeutics have been approved by the FDA for mUC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and more recently targeted agents for both FGFR and Nectin-4. FGFR3-aberrant and Nectin-4 expressing cells have been associated with an immunosuppressed phenotype. Given that less than half of all patients respond to these agents as monotherapies and less than 20% are eligible to receive salvage therapy, effective personalized treatment plans are critical. Typical biomarkers for ICIs such as PD-L1 and TMB have not been definitive in mUC, yet a biomarker-driven optimization of first-line therapy and subsequent sequencing have the potential to achieve higher and more durable response rates. The IO score is a 27-gene tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) classifier that has been associated with the clinical benefits of ICIs in multiple cancer types, including mUC. This study demonstrates that the IO score was associated with both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a real-world cohort of mUC patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, the IO score was independent of and provided information incremental to TMB. Interestingly, the IO score predicted benefit in patients with high FGFR expression, despite conflicting data regarding response rates among the FGFR aberrant population. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IO score assessment of the TIME is associated with a clinical benefit from ICI therapy and that this novel biomarker may inform therapeutic sequencing decisions in mUC, potentially improving outcomes for this notoriously difficult-to-treat disease.
Three-dimensional encoding of a gas–liquid interface by means of color-coded glare points
Authors: Dreisbach Maximilian , Blessing Sebastian , Brunn André , Michaux Frank , Stroh Alexander , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present work introduces an extension of the shadowgraphy method by differently colored oblique light sources for the observation of the three-dimensional spatio-temporal dynamics of gas–liquid interfaces. The proposed expanded approach is tested and elaborated with the example of a droplet during impingement. Particularly, it is elaborated in a combined experimental/theoretical approach, how well glare points from differently colored oblique light sources can be used to encode additional 3D information of the droplet shape within a single shadowgraph image. Narrow-banded LEDs with distinct spectra and maxima in the visible light illuminate the droplet from different angles in red, green and blue light, respectively, while a high-speed RGB camera captures the images produced by each light source in the corresponding image channel, therefore creating three unique views of the droplet. In order to compensate for the mutual perturbation of the images resulting from cross-talk between the channels and the polychromatic light of the LEDs, a color correction is introduced, which is based on the transfer function between the light sources and the channels of the RGB camera. In experiments with the proposed measurement setup of a water droplet impinging onto a flat substrate it is successfully demonstrated that three unique and independent grayscale images can be reconstructed with this color correction function. The optimal illumination angles for the lateral light sources are determined experimentally, which lead to consistent glare points on the deforming gas–liquid interface throughout the dynamic process of the drop impact. An ellipsoidal droplet is considered to derive information on orientation and three-dimensional shape of a non-axisymmetrical droplet from the relative positions of the glare points and the shadowgraph contour. Thereby it is successfully demonstrated that the additional three-dimensional information encoded in the glare points can lay the groundwork for the volumetric reconstruction of the deforming gas–liquid interface during the impingement of a droplet.
Turán Problems for k-Geodetic Digraphs
Authors: Tuite James , Erskine Grahame , Salia Nika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA digraph G is k-geodetic if for any pair of (not necessarily distinct) vertices $$u,v \in V(G)$$

u
,
v
∈
V
(
G
)

there is at most one walk of length $$\le k$$

≤
k

from u to v in G. In this paper, we determine the largest possible size of a k-geodetic digraph with a given order. We then consider the more difficult problem of the largest size of a strongly-connected k-geodetic digraph with a given order, solving this problem for $$k = 2$$

k
=
2

and giving a construction which we conjecture to be extremal for larger k. We close with some results on generalised Turán problems for the number of directed cycles and paths in k-geodetic digraphs.
Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River
Authors: Meng Xianhong , Lyu Shihua , Li Zhaoguo , Ao Yinhuan , Wen Lijuan , Shang Lunyu , Wang Shaoying , Deng Mingshan , Zhang Shaobo , Zhao Lin , Chen Hao , Ma Di , Li Suosuo , Shu Lele , An Yingying , Niu Hanlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshwater lake on the TP and is one of the most densely distributed lakes on the TP. Since 2011, three observation sites have been set up in the Ngoring Lake basin in the SRYR to monitor the lake-atmosphere interaction and the differences among water-heat exchanges over the land and lake surfaces. This study presents an eight-year (2012–19), half-hourly, observation-based dataset related to lake–atmosphere interactions composed of three sites. The three sites represent the lake surface, the lakeside, and the land. The observations contain the basic meteorological elements, surface radiation, eddy covariance system, soil temperature, and moisture (for land). Information related to the sites and instruments, the continuity and completeness of data, and the differences among the observational results at different sites are described in this study. These data have been used in the previous study to reveal a few energy and water exchange characteristics of TP lakes and to validate and improve the lake and land surface model. The dataset is available at National Cryosphere Desert Data Center and Science Data Bank.
Stenting of branch pulmonary artery stenosis in children: initial experience and mid-term follow-up of the pul-stent
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Guo Ying , Huang Meirong , Fu Lijun , Li Fen , Zhang Haibo , Gao Wei , Liu Tingliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNot all stents are suitable for children. For instance, premounted stents can be used in infants and small children but cannot dilate with age to accommodate adult-sized pulmonary arteries. Conversely, the Pul-Stent adapts to somatic growth. Thus, our hospital implemented the Pul-Stent in pediatric patients with branch pulmonary artery stenosis. This study summarizes our initial experience with Pul-Stents in this patient population, including the efficacy and safety. We implanted 37 Pul-Stents in 35 patients between August 2014 and June 2015. The patients’ mean age and weight at stent implantation were 6.7 ± 3.0 years and 20.9 ± 8.7 kg, respectively. Bench testing revealed that axial shortening of the Pul-Stent was minimal with further dilation, and the radial strength did not change. The stents were successfully deployed in all cases, except two with minor malpositioning. Primarily, 8–12 mm mounting balloons were used for the initial implantation, and a long sheath (8–10 F) was used for delivery. After stent implantation, the minimal lumen diameter in the stenosed segment increased by 50% in 97% (34/35) of patients. Furthermore, the pressure gradient across the stenosed segment decreased by 50% in 77% (23/30) of biventricular patients. One stent fracture and one stent restenosis were noted during the follow-up visits (mean follow-up time: 4.6 ± 1.7 years). Eighteen patients (51%) underwent repeat catheterization; ten had successful redilation. No aneurysms or stent fractures were observed. Our initial results indicate that the Pul-Stent is safe and effective in pediatric patients and can be further dilated over time to accommodate somatic growth. Moreover, the Pul-Stent has good compliance and adequate radial strength to treat pulmonary artery stenosis effectively.
Surgical approaches to colonic and rectal anastomosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Faria Susana , Gonçalves Nuno , Martins Albino , Leão Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative complications after a colonic and rectal surgery are of significant concern to the surgical community. Although there are different techniques to perform anastomosis (i.e., handsewn, stapled, or compression), there is still no consensus on which technique provides the least number of postoperative problems. The objective of this study is to compare the different anastomotic techniques regarding the occurrence or duration of postoperative outcomes such as anastomotic dehiscence, mortality, reoperation, bleeding and stricture (as primary outcomes), and wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, duration of surgery, and hospital stay (as secondary outcomes).

Methods
Clinical trials published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021, reporting anastomotic complications with any of the anastomotic technique were identified using the MEDLINE database. Only articles that clearly defined the anastomotic technique used, and report at least two of the outcomes defined were included.

Results
This meta-analysis included 16 studies whose differences were related to the need of reoperation (p < 0.01) and the duration of surgery (p = 0.02), while for the anastomotic dehiscence, mortality, bleeding, stricture, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, and hospital stay, no significant differences were found. Compression anastomosis reported the lowest reoperation rate (3.64%) and the handsewn anastomosis the highest (9.49%). Despite this, more time to perform the surgery was required in compression anastomosis (183.47 min), with the handsewn being the fastest technique (139.92 min).

Conclusions
The evidence found was not sufficient to demonstrate which technique is most suitable to perform colonic and rectal anastomosis, since the postoperative complications were similar between the handsewn, stapled, or compression techniques.
The use of a standard-length conical tapered stem in hip revision arthroplasty to address Paprosky type I–II femoral defects: a prospective study of 87 patients
Authors: Innocenti Matteo , Smulders Katrijn , Andreotti Mattia , Willems Jore H. , Van Hellemondt Gijs , Nijhof Marc W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Low-grade femoral defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) might be preferably treated with a primary implant. Almost no previous study reported the use of standard-length conical tapered (SLCT) stems in these cases. We analyzed a series of cases using a SLCT stem in rTHA with Paprosky type I–II femoral defects. The purpose of the study was to determine clinical and radiographic outcomes in this series of rTHA.

Materials and methods
We prospectively followed 87 patients undergoing a femoral component rTHA: 53 Paprosky type I and 34 type II femoral defects. Patient-reported measures (Oxford Hip Score, EQ-5D, VAS pain during rest and activity) were administered at baseline, 1 and 2 years post-operatively. Radiographic subsidence overtime was scored. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate the subsidence over time, the complication-free survival, and the implant survivorship with reoperation and stem revision as endpoints.

Results
The mean follow-up was 72.5 (SD ± 23.9) months. All PROMs significatively improved over time. The average subsidence was 2.8 (SD ± 3.2), 3.6 (SD ± 4.4), and 4.0 (SD ± 4.9) mm at 4, 12, and 24 months respectively. 6 stems had subsidence > 10 mm. The survival without complication was 0.85 (95% CI 0.94–0.77), while the implant survival without reoperation was 0.83 (95% CI 0.95–0.72). The overall stem survival rate was 93.7% (95% CI 0.91–0.97) at 2 years.

Conclusion
The use of a SLCT stem in rTHA with Paprosky type I–II femoral defects demonstrated good survival with low subsidence rates during the first 2 years after surgery. Surgeons should consider the use of this primary prosthesis as a potential treatment during stem revision in cases with limited femoral bone loss.
Patients’ perspectives towards biologic dose reduction in psoriasis: a qualitative study
Authors: van der Schoot L. S. , Verhoef L. M. , van Ee I. , van Oort F. P. A. H. , Pieterse A. H. , Seyger M. M. B. , de Jong E. M. G. J. , van den Reek J. M. P. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDose reduction of biologics for psoriasis could contribute to more efficient use of these expensive medicines. Evidence on opinions of patients with psoriasis regarding dose reduction is sparse. The objective of this study was therefore to explore patients’ perspectives towards dose reduction of biologics for psoriasis. A qualitative study was conducted, comprising semi-structured interviews with 15 patients with psoriasis with different characteristics and treatment experiences. Interviews were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. Perceived benefits of biologic dose reduction according to patients were minimizing medication use, lowering risks of adverse effects and lowering societal healthcare costs. Patients reported to have experienced a large impact of their psoriasis, and expressed concerns about loss of disease control due to dose reduction. Fast access to flare treatment and adequate monitoring of disease activity were among reported preconditions. According to patients, they should have confidence in dose reduction effects and should be willing to change their effective treatment. Moreover, addressing information needs and involvement in decision-making were deemed important among patients. In conclusion, addressing patients’ concerns, fulfilling information needs, providing the possibility of resuming standard dose, and involving patients in decision-making are important according to patients with psoriasis when considering biologic dose reduction.
Comparison of three common tonsil surgery techniques: cold steel with hot hemostasis, monopolar and bipolar diathermy
Authors: Knubb Jenny Christina , Kaislavuo Jasmin Maria , Jegoroff Henri Sebastian , Piitulainen Jaakko Matias , Routila Johannes 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the risk of postoperative hemorrhage in tonsil surgery with different surgical methods, instruments, indications, and age groups. Monopolar diathermy compared to bipolar diathermy was of particular interest.

Methods
The data from tonsil surgery patients were retrospectively collected between 2012 and 2018 in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland. The surgical method, instruments, indication, sex and age and their association with a postoperative hemorrhage were analyzed.

Results
A total of 4434 patients were included. The postoperative hemorrhage rate for tonsillectomy was 6.3% and for tonsillotomy 2.2%. The most frequently used surgical instruments were monopolar diathermy (58.4%) cold steel with hot hemostasis (25.1%) and bipolar diathermy (6.4%) with the overall postoperative hemorrhage rates 6.1%, 5.9% and 8.1%, respectively. In tonsillectomy patients, the risk for a secondary hemorrhage was higher with bipolar diathermy compared to both monopolar diathermy (p = 0.039) and the cold steel with hot hemostasis technique (p = 0.029). However, between the monopolar and the cold steel with hot hemostasis groups, the difference was statistically non-significant (p = 0.646). Patients aged > 15 years had 2.6 times higher risk for postoperative hemorrhage. The risk of a secondary hemorrhage increased with tonsillitis as the indication, primary hemorrhage, tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy without adenoidectomy, and male sex in patients aged ≤ 15 years.

Conclusion
Bipolar diathermy increased the risk for secondary bleedings compared to both monopolar diathermy and the cold steel with hot hemostasis technique in tonsillectomy patients. Monopolar diathermy did not significantly differ from the cold steel with hot hemostasis group regarding the bleeding rates.
Assessing retinal hemorrhages with non-invasive post-mortem fundus photographs in sudden unexpected death in infancy
Authors: Ducloyer Jean-Baptiste , Scherpereel Cloé , Goronflot Thomas , Le Meur Guylène , Lebranchu Pierre , Jossic Frédérique , Scolan Virginie , Ducloyer Mathilde 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In the case of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), eye examination is systematic to detect retinal hemorrhages (RH) that are a crucial hallmark for abusive head trauma (AHT). The aim of this study is to assess the ability of non-invasive post-mortem fundus photographs (PMFP) to detect RH in case of SUDI.

Methods
Bicentric retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of SUDI under 2 years of age were managed by two French SUDI referral centers with PMFP by RetCam (Clarity Medical Systems USA). PMFP were reviewed randomly, twice, by three independent ophthalmologists blinded for clinical data.

Results
Thirty cases (60 eyes) were included. Median age was 3.5 months (interquartile [1.6; 6.0]). No child died of AHT. Image quality was sufficient to assert presence or absence of RH in 50 eyes (83%). Sufficient quality rate was significantly higher when the post-mortem interval was inferior to 18 h (91%, 42/46) as opposed to over 18 h (57%, 8/14, p=0.0096). RH were found in six eyes (10%), four children (13%), with excellent inter and intra-raters’ concordance (Cohen’s Kappa from 0.81 [0.56–1.00] to 1.00 [1.00–1.00]).

Conclusion
PMFP can detect RH in case of SUDI and is a relevant systematic screening test to be carried out as soon as the deceased child arrives in the hospital. It can decrease the need of eye removal for pathological examination, but further studies are needed to define the best decision algorithm.
Patterns of acute ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Jensen-Kondering Ulf , Maurer Christoph J. , Brudermann Hanna C. B. , Ernst Marielle , Sedaghat Sam , Margraf Nils G. , Bahmer Thomas , Jansen Olav , Nawabi Jawed , Vogt Estelle , Büttner Laura , Siebert Eberhard , Bartl Michael , Maus Volker , Werding Gregor , Schlamann Marc , Abdullayev Nuran , Bender Benjamin , Richter Vivien , Mengel Annerose , Göpel Siri , Berlis Ansgar , Grams Astrid , Ladenhauf Valentin , Gizewski Elke R. , Kindl Philipp , Schulze-Zachau Victor , Psychogios Marios , König Inke R. , Sondermann Stefan , Wallis Sönke , Brüggemann Norbert , Schramm Peter , Neumann Alexander 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection which can affect the central nervous system. In this study, we sought to investigate associations between neuroimaging findings with clinical, demographic, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters, pre-existing conditions and the severity of acute COVID-19.

Materials and methods
Retrospective multicenter data retrieval from 10 university medical centers in Germany, Switzerland and Austria between February 2020 and September 2021. We included patients with COVID-19, acute neurological symptoms and cranial imaging. We collected demographics, neurological symptoms, COVID-19 severity, results of cranial imaging, blood and CSF parameters during the hospital stay.

Results
442 patients could be included. COVID-19 severity was mild in 124 (28.1%) patients (moderate n = 134/30.3%, severe n = 43/9.7%, critical n = 141/31.9%). 220 patients (49.8%) presented with respiratory symptoms, 167 (37.8%) presented with neurological symptoms first. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was detected in 70 (15.8%), intracranial hemorrhage (IH) in 48 (10.9%) patients. Typical risk factors were associated with AIS; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy and invasive ventilation with IH. No association was found between the severity of COVID-19 or blood/CSF parameters and the occurrence of AIS or IH.

Discussion
AIS was the most common finding on cranial imaging. IH was more prevalent than expected but a less common finding than AIS. Patients with IH had a distinct clinical profile compared to patients with AIS. There was no association between AIS or IH and the severity of COVID-19. A considerable proportion of patients presented with neurological symptoms first. Laboratory parameters have limited value as a screening tool.
Evolution of the digital operating room: the place of video technology in surgery
Authors: Cheikh Youssef Samy , Haram Kaled , Noël Jonathan , Patel Vipul , Porter James , Dasgupta Prokar , Hachach-Haram Nadine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review was to collate current evidence wherein digitalisation, through the incorporation of video technology and artificial intelligence (AI), is being applied to the practice of surgery. Applications are vast, and the literature investigating the utility of surgical video and its synergy with AI has steadily increased over the last 2 decades. This type of technology is widespread in other industries, such as autonomy in transportation and manufacturing.

Methods
Articles were identified primarily using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The MeSH terms used were “surgical education”, “surgical video”, “video labelling”, “surgery”, “surgical workflow”, “telementoring”, “telemedicine”, “machine learning”, “deep learning” and “operating room”. Given the breadth of the subject and the scarcity of high-level data in certain areas, a narrative synthesis was selected over a meta-analysis or systematic review to allow for a focussed discussion of the topic.

Results
Three main themes were identified and analysed throughout this review, (1) the multifaceted utility of surgical video recording, (2) teleconferencing/telemedicine and (3) artificial intelligence in the operating room.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests the routine collection of intraoperative data will be beneficial in the advancement of surgery, by driving standardised, evidence-based surgical care and personalised training of future surgeons. However, many barriers stand in the way of widespread implementation, necessitating close collaboration between surgeons, data scientists, medicolegal personnel and hospital policy makers.