bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Diurnal Glucocorticoid Profiles in Monozygotic Twins With Intratwin Birthweight Differences
Authors: Schulte Sandra , Eberhardt Nora , Roedig Thea , Schreiner Felix , Plamper Michaela , Bartmann Peter , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Kulle Alexandra E , Gohlke Bettina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextLow birthweight (bw) and unfavorable intrauterine conditions have been associated with metabolic sequelae in later life, but little is known about their impact on glucocorticoid metabolism.ObjectiveWe studied monozygotic twins with intratwin bw differences to analyze the long-term impact of bw on glucocorticoid metabolism.Methods46 monozygotic twin pairs with bw differences of &lt;1 SDS (concordant; n = 29) and ≥1 SDS (discordant; n = 17) were recruited. At 6.9 years (mean age), saliva samples were collected (at 7 hours, 13 hours, 18 hours and 21 hour) and analyzed with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).ResultsWe found significant or highly significant intratwin correlations in all twin pairs at 3 of 4 (cortisol), and 4 of 4 (cortisone) time points. Graphic evaluation of the diurnal cortisol patterns for each twin pair showed a distinct alignment in all groups. Analyses of the change of intratwin differences over the day by mixed linear modeling showed no intratwin differences in diurnal patterns. Regression analyses of intratwin differences at 7:00 hours showed a significant influence of catch-up growth, indicating lower cortisol concentrations in smaller twins with more catch-up growth (adj. R2 = 0.159, P = .014, ß = −3.71, F(1,42) = 9.15, f2 = 0.19).ConclusionIn monozygotic twins with intratwin bw differences, intratwin catch-up growth showed a moderate influence on intratwin differences in morning cortisol concentrations. We observed no differences regarding diurnal patterns. In contrast, in all groups, we found significant intratwin correlations for cortisol and cortisone over the day and a pronounced graphic alignment of cortisol diurnal patterns. We therefore suggest a predominant significance of the genetic background compared with bw differences on cortisol metabolism.
Treatment Patterns, Adherence, Persistence, and Health Care Resource Utilization in Acromegaly: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Barkan Ariel , Brue Thierry , Duquesne Edouard , Houchard Aude , del Pilar Schneider Maria , Ribeiro-Oliveira Antonio , Melmed Shlomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Treatment of acromegaly is multimodal for many patients, and medical treatments include somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), dopamine agonists (DAs), and growth hormone receptor antagonists (GHRAs). However, recent real-world evidence on treatment patterns for patients with acromegaly is limited.

Objective
This study evaluated medication usage, treatment changes, adherence, persistence, comorbidities, and health care resource utilization using deidentified data from MarketScan, a US claims database.

Methods
Eligible patients (n = 882) were those receiving monotherapy or combination therapy for ≥90 days without treatment gaps.

Results
Mean age at diagnosis was 48.6 years; 50.1% of patients were female. Over half (59.4%) had 1 line of treatment (LOT); 23.1% had 2 LOTs; 17.5% had at least 3 LOTs. Most patients (94.6%) initiated treatment with monotherapies. The most common first-line monotherapy treatments were cabergoline (DA, 36.8%), octreotide long-acting release (first-generation SRL, 29.5%), and lanreotide depot (first-generation SRL, 22.5%). Adherence for first-line treatments (proportion of days covered) was higher for first-generation SRLs (lanreotide depot: 0.8) compared with DAs (0.7). Treatment persistence (time between the first treatment record and a change in LOT/censoring) in LOT 1 was higher for GHRAs (24.8 months) and first-generation SRLs (20.0 months) compared with DAs (14.4 months). Female patients and those diagnosed at a younger age were more likely to have shorter treatment persistence. The most prevalent comorbidities were hyperlipidemia, essential hypertension, and sleep apnea.

Conclusion
Patients with more comorbidities had more health care visits during the first year after diagnosis, suggesting increased disease burden. Real-world evidence on treatment patterns provides insights into recommendations for individualized therapy.
Spoiled History: Leprosy and the Lessons of Queer Medieval Historiography
Authors: Adler Shoshana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhite supremacists fetishize the crusading knight; queer theorists claim an identification with the generative secret of the premodern sodomite. This essay attends to the epistemological circuits of transhistorical identification, examining the claims of recursive history and the theories of attachment betrayed by identification with the medieval past. Turning away from the solicitations of the crusader and the sodomite, the essay excavates histories of emotional attachment to the leper, a medieval figure whose status as abject incarnation of historical distance helps reconfigure transhistoric emotional identification. In medieval texts, the leper's ruined face scripts styles of recognition. In the medical writings of nineteenth-century imperial physicians, the medieval leper is used in negotiating fears of disease outbreaks in various colonies. The leper therefore comes to assume the status of reassuring historical distance as a result of imperial ideological needs. Attention to the circuits of desire that animate claims to the past on the basis of identification and personal attachment can account for the attraction the Middle Ages exerts on both medievalists and white supremacists.
Uptake of core outcome sets by clinical trialists in China: a protocol
Authors: Qiu Ruijin , Fan Xiaodan , Wang Wenhui , Clarke Mike , Chen Zhuo , Liu Shuling , Williamson Paula , Shang Hongcai 
Published: August 2023

Background: The concept of core outcome sets (COS) has been introduced in China for about 10 years. In recent years, some Chinese researchers also committed to developing COS, though the majority of COS are ongoing. However, there were more than 500 published COS for research in the COMET database by 2020. Whether the disease category of ongoing and completed COS include the burden of disease in China is unclear. In addition, whether the published COS are used by clinical trialists is also unclear. In this research, we would like to investigate if COS are applicable to the burden of disease in China, and to ascertain whether completed COS are used by clinical trialists in China. Methods: The main burden of disease in China will be identified. Then we will search the COMET database to identify if there are ongoing or completed relevant COS research since 2012. Only COS for clinical trials or clinical research will be included. We will extract scopes of published eligible COS, including condition, population, interventions, and core outcomes. Then we will search the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry using disease names for each disease that has a published COS. We will assess the overlap in scope between clinical trials and COS. Then we will conduct an online survey and semi-structured interviews to identify the knowledge and perceptions of COS among primary investigators of included clinical trials. Discussion: This research will fill in gaps between COS and the burden of disease in China. Understanding clinical trialists’ knowledge and perceptions of COS may help dissemination and application of COS in the future. Trial registration: This research is registered in Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness: https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2563.
Modelling energy demand under discontinuities from an energy economic point-of-view
Authors: Haas Reinhard , Kemfert Claudia , Auer Hans , Ajanovic Amela , Zwickl-Bernhard Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

The major motivation for this paper is the need for the identification of policies required in principle for heading toward sustainable energy systems in any region world-wide. In particular, this work emphasizes modelling the demand side of energy systems and identifies interactions with energy policy measures. The core objective of this paper is to carry out a review of econometric energy demand modelling approaches over time. In this context, special attention is paid to lessons learned from modelling historical discontinuities and structural breaks in order to better understand issues of disruption. Our analysis builds on econometric analyses using standard estimation approach for modelling energy demand by means of a production function, depending on price and income. We start with ordinary least-squares (OLS) and extend the approach to autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)model. We identify long-term as well as short-term elasticities. Finally, we analyze whether elasticities are constant over time and whether structural breaks exist. The major conclusions of our analyses are that approaches assuming constant elasticities over time are no longer useful. The magnitude of the impact made by economic parameters such as prices and income elasticities over time has been decreasing due to our analyses. This has an impact on energy policies, namely taxes and standard. The effect of taxes in an energy system is that they increase prices and reduce energy demand depending on the price elasticities. Yet, the smaller price elasticities are, the lower the impact of new taxes is. This leads to the conclusion that there is still a higher need for increased standards and technological innovations. The major useful policy suggestion based on this research is that technical measures for increasing energy efficiency are very important as a measure accompanying energy taxes.
Detecting Critical Nodes in Sparse Graphs via “Reduce-Solve-Combine” Memetic Search
Authors: Zhou Yangming , Li Jiaqi , Hao Jin-Kao , Glover Fred 
Published: August 2023

This study considers a well-known critical node detection problem that aims to minimize a pairwise connectivity measure of an undirected graph via the removal of a subset of nodes (referred to as critical nodes) subject to a cardinality constraint. Potential applications include epidemic control, emergency response, vulnerability assessment, carbon emission monitoring, network security, and drug design. To solve the problem, we present a “reduce-solve-combine” memetic search approach that integrates a problem reduction mechanism into the popular population-based memetic algorithm framework. At each generation, a common pattern mined from two parent solutions is first used to reduce the given problem instance, then the reduced instance is solved by a component-based hybrid neighborhood search that effectively combines an articulation point impact strategy and a node weighting strategy, and finally an offspring solution is produced by combining the mined common pattern and the solution of the reduced instance. Extensive evaluations on 42 real-world and synthetic benchmark instances show the efficacy of the proposed method, which discovers nine new upper bounds and significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms. Investigation of key algorithmic modules additionally discloses the importance of the proposed ideas and strategies. Finally, we demonstrate the generality of the proposed method via its adaptation to solve the node-weighted critical node problem. History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72371157, 61903144, 72031007]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0130 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0130 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
There Is No Planet B: Aligning Stakeholder Interests to Preserve the Amazon Rainforest
Authors: McGahan Anita M. , Pongeluppe Leandro S. 
Published: August 2023

How do firms address complex collective action problems effectively? Institutional and stakeholder research suggests that firms may avoid the tragedy of the commons by aligning the interests of critical proximate stakeholders in ways that governments cannot accomplish. This phenomenological paper investigates this possibility by analyzing Amazon rainforest preservation by Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics company. The results indicate that Natura internalized environmental externalities by linking ecologically conscious consumers with rural Amazonian communities. A differences-in-differences analysis compares forest preservation and fire activity in the municipalities that Natura entered with those in which it did not enter. Natura’s impact is identified through an instrumental variable analysis using missing satellite images, which Natura relied upon to decide which municipalities to enter. Quantitative results tie Natura’s entry into municipalities with forest preservation. Analysis of three mechanisms associates Natura’s involvement with stakeholder decisions to cultivate diverse forest-generated crops instead of clearing the land for conventional agriculture. This study contributes to the management literature by suggesting how firms can address important global challenges, such as rainforest preservation, by investing in stakeholder capability development and by creating institutional arrangements in line with those envisioned elsewhere. This paper was accepted by George Serafeim, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: This work was supported by the Clarkson Centre for Business Ethics [CAD 7,500.00] and Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4884 .
When is it justified to claim that a practice or policy is evidence-based? Reflections on evidence and preferences
Authors: Gade Christian 
Published: August 2023

Background:
There has been a widespread call to adopt evidence-based practices and policies in various fields, including healthcare, education, social work, criminal justice, business management, and environmental management.

Key points:
This article discusses when it is justified for an individual or organisation to claim that a specific practice or policy is evidence-based. My argument is that this is the case if, and only if, three conditions are met. First, the individual or organisation possesses comparative evidence about the effects of the specific practice or policy in comparison to the effects of at least one alternative practice or policy. Second, the specific practice or policy is supported by this evidence according to at least one of the individual’s or organisation’s preferences in the given practice or policy area. Third, the individual or organisation can provide a sound account for this support by explaining the evidence and preferences that lay the foundation for the claim.

Conclusions and implications:
My argument has at least three noteworthy implications. First, it is possible that some, but not others, are justified in claiming a given practice or policy is evidence-based. Second, being justified in claiming that a practice or policy is evidence-based does not imply that this practice or policy ought to be implemented, not even according to the claimant. Third, the individual’s or organisation’s preferences ought to guide the collection of evidence to help them identify what the best practices and policies are based on their normative stance.
Clinical predictors of encephalitis in UK adults–A multi-centre prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Defres Sylviane , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Michael Benedict D. , Ellul Mark , Davies Nicholas W. S. , Easton Ava , Griffiths Michael J. , Bhojak Maneesh , Das Kumar , Hardwick Hayley , Cheyne Chris , Kneen Rachel , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Salter Anne Christine , Beeching Nicholas J. , Carrol Enitan , Vincent Angela ,   ENCEPH UK study group, Garcia-Finana Marta , Solomon Tom 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Encephalitis, brain inflammation and swelling, most often caused by an infection or the body’s immune defences, can have devastating consequences, especially if diagnosed late. We looked for clinical predictors of different types of encephalitis to help clinicians consider earlier treatment.

Methods
We conducted a multicentre prospective observational cohort study (ENCEPH-UK) of adults (> 16 years) with suspected encephalitis at 31 UK hospitals. We evaluated clinical features and investigated for infectious and autoimmune causes.

Results
341 patients were enrolled between December 2012 and December 2015 and followed up for 12 months. 233 had encephalitis, of whom 65 (28%) had HSV, 38 (16%) had confirmed or probable autoimmune encephalitis, and 87 (37%) had no cause found. The median time from admission to 1st dose of aciclovir for those with HSV was 14 hours (IQR 5–50); time to 1st dose of immunosuppressant for the autoimmune group was 125 hours (IQR 45–250). Compared to non-HSV encephalitis, patients with HSV more often had fever, lower serum sodium and lacked a rash. Those with probable or confirmed autoimmune encephalitis were more likely to be female, have abnormal movements, normal serum sodium levels and a cerebrospinal fluid white cell count < 20 cells x106/L, but they were less likely to have a febrile illness.

Conclusions
Initiation of treatment for autoimmune encephalitis is delayed considerably compared with HSV encephalitis. Clinical features can help identify patients with autoimmune disease and could be used to initiate earlier presumptive therapy.
Exploring communication preferences of trans and gender diverse individuals—A qualitative study
Authors: von der Warth Rieka , Metzner Gloria , Körner Mirjam , Farin-Glattacker Erik 
Published: August 2023

Background
Trans and gender-diverse individuals experience adverse health outcomes that might be due, in addition to other factors, to stigma and discrimination in the health care sector. At the same time, the concept of person-centred care acknowledges the role of patient-physician communication in health care outcomes. This study aims to explore patient-physician communication preferences in trans and gender-diverse individuals.

Method
A qualitative interview study was conducted, including N = 10 participants between February and March 2022. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guideline, based on previous knowledge in person-centred care and sample specific communication. Participants were asked about their experiences and wishes in patient-physician centeredness. Analyses were conducting using a qualitative content analysis strategy.

Results
Mean age was 29.3 years; n = 6 participants identified themselves within the binary gender concept, while n = 4 identified themselves with a non-binary gender. Communication preferences for patient-physician communication were categorised into four themes: general communication aspects (e.g. active listening); the role of gender during appointments (e.g. appropriate/inappropriate addressing); gender-neutral language (e.g. experiences use of gender neutral language by physicians); own communication style (e.g. early outing and justification). Furthermore, possible contextual factors of patient-physician communication where found (e.g. trusting relationship).

Conclusion
Adding knowledge to communication preferences of trans and gender-diverse individuals, this study was able to identify preferences that are specific to the sample as well as preferences that differ from the cis-gendered population. However, it remains unclear how the patient-physician communication preferences affects health care utilization and outcomes.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00026249).
Pályatükör
Authors: Tóthné Aszalai Anett , Konczos Zsófia 
Published: August 2023

Egy pedagógus számára a munkába állás első évei nagy változásokkal járnak. Ebben az időszakban kerül egyensúlyba a felsőoktatásban megszerzett elméleti tudás és a mindennapi gyakorlat. Az első munkahelyen kulcsfontosságú a generációk együttműködése, hiszen a tapasztalattal rendelkező szakemberek támaszt és modellt nyújthatnak a fiatalok számára.
Az utóbbi években jelentős méreteket öltött a pályaelhagyás, ez alól a gyógypedagógia területe sem kivétel. A gyógypedagógusok pályaútjával több kutatás is foglalkozott (pl. Balázs és Bass, 2006), ám kimondottan logopédusokra koncentráló felmérés nem ismert. Kutatásunkban a pályakezdő logopédusok társadalmi megbecsülését, elégedettségét kívántuk feltárni.
Kutatási kérdéseink: A diplomaszerzést követően a logopédusok milyen munkaterületeket preferálnak? Milyennek érzik az anyagi-, illetve társadalmi megbecsültségüket? A munkahelyen megvalósuló mentorálás valóban mentorálást jelent-e számukra? A logopédus pályán tervezik-e a jövőjüket?
Az adatgyűjtést 25 kérdésből álló kérdőívvel végeztük. A vizsgálatban 73 fő logopédus vett részt, akik az utóbbi öt évben szerezték meg diplomájukat.
Eredményeinket összegezve az látható, hogy a minta 48%-át mentorálják, többségüknek ez segíti munkáját. A válaszadók 74%-a érzi úgy, hogy anyagilag nem becsülik meg munkájukat, 30%-uk gondolkodik pályaelhagyáson.
Kutatásunk azt mutatja, hogy szükséges a pályakezdő logopédusok támogatási rendszerének átgondolása, jó gyakorlatok kialakítása.
Unfiltered air inleakage analysis of the control room envelope of Kuosheng nuclear power plant
Authors: Tsai Yu-Ching , Yang Chun-Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The control room envelope (CRE) of a nuclear power plant is quite important during all kinds of the accidents. Only with the guaranteed habitability of the CRE, the operators can shut down the reactor safely during an accident with the release of hazardous chemicals or radioactive gases. In this study, Kuosheng nuclear power plant (NPP) in Taiwan had performed the inleakage test by using tracer gas technique, and six cases with different heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) lineups were tested in this study. The test results showed that the unfiltered inleakage rate for the pressurization modes ranged from 0.063 m3/s to 0.098 m3/s and were all within the acceptance criteria of 0.212 m3/s. For the isolation modes, the unfiltered inleakage rate ranged from 0.240 m3/s to 0.321 m3/s and were still within the acceptance criteria of 0.944 m3/s. The test result provided useful information to improve the vulnerability of the CRE. It also showed that a decrease in the positive differential pressure of the CRE relative to its surroundings did not inevitably increase the unfiltered inleakage rate of the CRE if the critical boundary, such as the negative differential portions of the ventilation system, were still well sealed.
Crystal structure of phloridzin and its distribution changes in flowering and fruiting stage of Malus rockii
Authors: Bai Hui-Rong , Li Jing , Lang Li-Juan , Hao Yi , Jiang Bei , Xiao Chao-Jiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The exact structure of phloridzin was further confirmed as phloretin 6′-O-glucopyranoside by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. The distribution changes of phloridzin in flowering, fruitlet, and fruit ripening phases of Malus rockii were quantified by an HPLC with an external standard. The concentrations of phloridzin in leaves, twigs, and bark and xylem of twigs increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest value in the fruitlet period. The highest concentration of phloridzin was found in leaves, with the percentage contents of 10.92–14.43 %. What is more, the decreased value of the concentration of phloridzin in leaves from fruit ripening period was almost equivalent to the increased value of the concentration of phloretin. This interesting physiological phenomenon should be able to provide the readers, especially plant physiologists, with a new perspective for the development and utilization of phloridzin.