bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Principles of Confining Electroplated Lithium beneath the CVD Grown Single Layer 2D Materials
Authors: Wu Ruizhe , Wu Sheng , Pan Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOwing to the nanoscale thickness, excellent mechanical and chemical stabilities, 2D materials including graphene and hexagonal boron nitride have emerged as promising artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) candidates for lithium metal batteries. However, whether the implementation of 2D materials is beneficial to electrochemical performance remains controversial, and the key to confining the electroplated Li beneath the 2D materials remains elusive. Here, a nanocrystalline graphene (NG) film is synthesized on high‐carbon Cu and the Li plating/stripping behavior on Cu grown with different 2D materials is investigated. Interestingly, in contrast to the commonly obtained Li particles on other substrates during nucleation, a smooth Li layer is obtained on NG/Cu, leading to a compact Li layer with more stable electrochemical performance. The finite element method simulations validate that the low electrical conductivity and the high density of defects on NG film drive the fast entry of electrolytes into the NG/Cu interface and promote homogenous Li nucleation. This work reveals the principles of confining electroplated Li beneath the 2D materials, and paves the way for the applications of 2D materials in artificial SEIs and anode‐free lithium metal batteries.
Isolated Tin Enhanced CO Coverage‐Regulation on Sn1Cu Alloy for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Liu Yijiang , Yue Zongye , Jin Chenghao , Zheng Lirong , Shi Jinbo , Li Dingding , Wang Yi , Bai Jinbo , Leng Kunyue , Wang Wentao , Qu Yunteng , Li Qingyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectricity‐powered C─C coupling of CO2 represents an attractive strategy for producing valuable commodity chemicals with renewable energy, but it is still challenging to gain high C2+ selectivity at high current density. Here, a Sn1Cu single‐atom alloy (SAA) is reported with isolated Sn atom embedded into the Cu lattice, as efficient ectrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The as prepared Sn1Cu‐SAA catalyst shows a maximal C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 79.3% at 800 mA cm−2, which can be kept stable for at least 16 h. The combination of in situ spectroscopy and DFT calculation reveal that the introduced Sn atom promote the activation of CO2 to *CO, and enhance the CO coverage on Sn1Cu‐SAA. As results, the reaction barrier of C─C coupling pathway is significantly reduced, boosting the generation of C2+ products. These findings offer a novel sight for fabricating multicarbon products from CO2 via regulation the concentration of intermediates on catalytic interface.
Gastric Cancer Models Developed via GelMA 3D Bioprinting Accurately Mimic Cancer Hallmarks, Tumor Microenvironment Features, and Drug Responses
Authors: Ju Mingguang , Jin Zhizhong , Yu Xue , Huang Caihao , Li Yanshu , Gao Ziming , Li He , Huang Haibo , Zheng Chen , Jia Shiheng , Zhang Yixiao , Liu Xiaofang , Zhou Heng , Zhang Xing , Li Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent in vitro models for gastric cancer research, such as 2D cell cultures and organoid systems, often fail to replicate the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) found in vivo. For the first time, this study utilizes a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a biomimetic ECM‐like material, in 3D bioprinting to construct a physiologically relevant gastric cancer model. GelMA's tunable mechanical properties allow for the precise manipulation of cellular behavior within physiological ranges. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that the 3D bioprinted GelMA (3Db) model accurately mimics the clinical tumor characteristics and reproduces key cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and the Warburg effect. Comparisons of gene expression and drug responses between the 3Db model and patient‐derived xenograft models, both constructed from primary gastric cancer cells, validate the model's clinical relevance. The ability of the 3Db model to closely simulate in vivo conditions highlights its crucial role in identifying treatment targets and predicting patient‐specific responses, showcasing its potential in high‐throughput drug screening and clinical applications. This study is the first to report the pivotal role of GelMA‐based 3D bioprinting in advancing gastric cancer research and regenerative medicine.
Solar Evaporator with Dual Gradient Heating Effect for Sustained and Efficient Desalination
Authors: Chen Chuanliang , Tian Ke , Xiong Lianhu , Dai Zijian , Li Qianyang , Cheng Minhan , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolar desalination shows promise in tackling freshwater shortages, but challenges arise from the trade‐off between water transportation and heat supply, affecting evaporators' efficiency and salt resistance. Additionally, intermittent nature of solar radiation significantly diminishes overall evaporative performance. This study presents dual‐gradient heating solar evaporator for efficient desalination. Dual‐gradient heating is enabled through wettability difference (hydrophilicity aerogel and hydrophobicity film) and difference in phase transition temperature of phase change material, thus, effective heat supply can be provided to evaporation layer consisting of vertically oriented phase‐change aerogel by surrounding heating layer consisting of phase‐change film, with and without solar radiation. Employing this design, evaporator demonstrates industry‐leading comprehensive performance in practical use. Under one sun illumination, evaporation rate achieves 6.84 kgm−2h−1 in 5.0 wt% salinity, with efficiency of 90.9%. In darkness, evaporation rate remains high at 2.61 kgm−2h−1 (30 minutes). Moreover, evaporator exhibits outstanding solar energy storage capacity and long‐term stabe evaporative performance and salt resistance for 7‐day testing. Furthermore, evaporator successfully produces freshwater from real Bohai Sea water under weak outdoor lighting, addressing recommended daily intake of water for 2.5 households. This work introduces new perspective for maximizing utilization of solar energy for seawater desalination and overcoming intermittent solar radiation.
Site‐Specific for CO2 Photoreduction with Single‐Atom Ni on Strained TiO2−x Derived from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gao Ailin , Wan Bingjie , Ren Shoucan , Jia Changchao , Liu Wengang , Han XinXin , Xing Fangshu , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in water to produce fuels and chemicals is promising while challenging. However, many photocatalysts for accomplishing such challenging task usually suffer from unspecific catalytic active sites and the inefficient charge carrier's separation. Here, a site‐specific single‐atom Ni/TiO2−x catalyst is reported by in situ topological transformation of Ni‐Ti‐EG bimetallic metal–organic frameworks. The loading of nickel nanoparticles or individual atoms, which act as specific active sites, can be precisely regulated by chelating agents through the partial removal of nickel and adjacent oxygen atoms. Furthermore, the degree of lattice strain in Ni/TiO2−x catalysts, which improves the separation efficiency of charge carriers, can be modulated by fine‐tuning the transformation process. By leveraging the anchored nickel atoms and the strained TiO2, the optimized NiSA0.27/TiO2−x shows a CO generation rate of 86.3 µmol g−1 h−1 (288 times higher than that of NiNPs/TiO2−x) and CO selectivity of up to 92.5% for CO2 reduction in a pure‐water system. This work underscores the importance of tailoring lattice strain and creating specific single‐atom active sites to facilitate the efficient and selective reduction of CO2.
Ultrahigh‐Selectivity Photocatalytic Upgrading of Bio‐Aldehydes/Diols to Monoalcohols Via In Situ Circumventing Coupling Co‐Products Over Janus Single‐Atom Pd/TiO2
Authors: Meng Ye , Li Jie , Liu Huan , Liu Tengyu , Hu Jinguang , Li Hu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass‐derived aldehydes to alcohols often results in unwanted coupling co‐products. Herein, an ultraselective hydrogen transfer system enabled by in situ oxidative C─C bond cleavage over a Janus single‐atom palladium on titanium dioxide (0.5Pd/TiO2) photocatalyst is presented. The TiO2 carrier promotes hydrogen‐donor activation, while Pd single atoms function as both electron and hydrogen transfer centers, enabling photocatalytic conversion of bio‐based furfural to furfuryl alcohol in >99% yield using ethanol as solvent/H‐donor at 25 °C. The control/in situ experiments and calculations reveal that ethanol on 0.5Pd/TiO2 preferentially activates a co‐formed coupling by‐product to undergo C─C bond cleavage followed by proton‐coupled electron transfer, exclusively producing furfuryl alcohol. 0.5Pd/TiO2 with good reusability is applicable to hydrogenative upgrading of various aldehydes/diols into corresponding monoalcohols with 81‒99% yields. This in situ Janus photocatalytic conversion strategy offers a new approach to eliminate side reactions in reductive upgrading of unsaturated organics/biomass with high selectivity.
A national study of in-hospital preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents and disasters
Authors: Ugelvik Kristina Stølen , Thomassen Øyvind , Braut Geir Sverre , Geisner Thomas , Sjøvold Janecke Engeberg , Montán Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The current geopolitical situation and climate changes accentuate the importance of health preparedness. The aim was to examine the in-hospital preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) and Major Incidents (MI) on a national level.

Method
A web-based, cross-sectional study of in-hospital preparedness for MCI/MI in Norway. All hospitals with trauma function were included with 3 defined representatives, excluding hospitals without trauma function. The survey consisted of 63 questions covering: MCI/MI organisation, education, plans, Surge Capacity, triage and supply management.

Results
The study had a response rate of 97/112 (87%), representing 35/38 (92%) of the included hospitals. Contingency responsible respondents (CRR) reported that 27/34 (80%) of the hospitals had a contingency responsible function/role and 29/34 (85%) had a Disaster Preparedness Committee. Among CRR, formal MCI/MI education 5/34 (15%) and MCI/MI training 9/34 (26%) was completed. Further, 87/97 (90%) had an all-hazard contingency plan. MCI/MI exercise within the last 2 years was reported by 63/97 (65%). Surge Capacity was assessed within the last 5 years at 6/35 (17%) of the hospitals. MCI/MI material storage was reported by 56/97 (58%).

Conclusion
Many key aspects of contingency work were found to be well-established. MCI/MI education and training for roles/functions was missing in most hospitals. Areas of improvement detected included Surge Capacity and emergency storage. The results suggest a need for national minimum standards and requirements. National in-hospital MCI/MI preparedness could be monitored by a web-based survey, providing information of pan-European relevance.
Return to work of major trauma survivors from a private level 1 trauma centre in South Africa
Authors: Bharath Francesca , Hanekom Susan , Estherhuizen Tonya , Lupton-Smith Alison 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Trauma is known as a leading cause of mortality and injury related disability globally. In South Africa (SA) the socioeconomic burden of trauma is magnified as the working age is most affected. The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of major trauma survivors who returned to work (RTW) during a 6-month period post hospital discharge and to identify the factors associated with the RTW outcome.

Methods
This was a prospective observational cohort study involving major trauma survivors from a private level 1 trauma centre intensive care unit in SA between January and September 2022. RTW status was assessed using the Employment Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used in analysis.

Results
Sixty-four of the 86 participants (74.4%) RTW at six months post hospital discharge. RTW had a median time of 16 weeks. After adjusting and backwards analysis, Chelsea Critical Care Physical assessment tool scores (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, p = 0.007), and not having applied/received any form of grants (AHR 2.26, 95% CI 1.35–3.77, p = 0.002) were the only factors that were associated with the RTW outcome.

Conclusion
The cumulative probability of no RTW was 25.6% among participants after 24 weeks. Higher physical function at ICU discharge and not seeking any form of compensation was associated with a higher probability of RTW. This study has highlighted the complexities of RTW and the socioeconomic burden following major trauma. There is therefore a need for further studies on RTW following major trauma in SA.
Das Konzept Gesundheitskompetenz im Wandel
Authors: De Gani Saskia Maria , Alder Elena , Beese Anna-Sophia 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Gesundheitskompetenz ist eine zentrale Ressource für gesundheitsbezogene Entscheidungen. Seit den 1970er-Jahren veränderte sich das Verständnis des Begriffs jedoch auf vielfältige Weise. So wurde Gesundheitskompetenz zunächst lediglich unter dem Aspekt individueller Fähigkeiten betrachtet, in den letzten Jahrzehnten entwickelte sich ein stärker kontextabhängiges Verständnis. Trotz der Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts werden aktuelle gesellschaftliche und gesundheitliche Herausforderungen noch nicht ausreichend adressiert.
In diesem Beitrag werden die Veränderungen im Verständnis des Konzepts sowie die Bedeutung der Gesundheitskompetenz im Kontext der aktuellen Polykrise reflektiert. Dabei wird Bezug genommen auf ein von den Autorinnen erarbeitetes Konzeptpapier, das zeigt, dass Gesundheitskompetenz eine zentrale Ressource an der Schnittstelle zwischen Gesundheitsversorgung, Krankheitsprävention und Gesundheitsförderung darstellt, sich in unterschiedliche Ebenen unterteilen lässt und verschiedene Formen annimmt. Die Diskussion um Gesundheitskompetenz verdeutlicht, dass die Herausforderungen von Systemen, Organisationen und Lebenswelten berücksichtigt werden müssen, da in all diesen Kontexten Entscheidungen für die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden getroffen werden.
Gerade im Umgang mit den aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen nimmt die Bedeutung der Gesundheitskompetenz als zentrale Ressource noch zu und gewinnt als soziale Gesundheitsdeterminante an zusätzlicher Relevanz. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz können nur dann effektiv entwickelt, implementiert und evaluiert werden, wenn ein gemeinsames Verständnis von Gesundheitskompetenz besteht, aktuelle Herausforderungen und Kontexte berücksichtigt werden sowie bei der Maßnahmenumsetzung zentrale Akteur:innen gemeinsam agieren.
Maximizing Rides Served for Dial-a-Ride on the Uniform Metric
Authors: Anthony Barbara M. , Birnbaum Ricky , Boyd Sara , Chung Christine , Das Ananya , Davis Patrick , Dhimar Jigar , Tran Duc , Yuen David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study a variant of the offline Dial-a-Ride problem, where each request has a source and destination and the goal is to maximize the number of requests served within a specified time limit. We investigate this problem for the uniform metric space and show that the problem is NP-hard. We then present a 2/3 approximation algorithm called

$$\textsc {twochain}$$

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, which simply looks for pairs of requests that are “chained” together and serves those before serving requests that are not connected to any others. We also show that a natural generalization of this algorithm, k-chain, has an approximation ratio at most 7/9. We also analyze the longest-chain-first algorithm for the problem, characterizing graphs on which it is optimal, and showing that it has an approximation ratio no better than 5/6. Our experiments on all of these algorithms show that

$$\textsc {twochain}$$

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is a promising algorithm, performing nearly as well as more computationally intensive variants. We dedicate this article to the memory of Gerhard Woeginger, whose life and work greatly influenced our professional lives, as expanded upon in the Acknowledgments. Woeginger’s prolific research in scheduling, matching, bin-packing, TSP, and online algorithms in general, all served as important parts of the foundation on which our own scholarly pursuits were shaped and formed over the years. Woeginger also studied Dial-a-Ride (DARP) Problems, as DARP is a generalization both of scheduling problems and of TSP, which were two of his most active areas of research.
Lehrkonzept Hannover
Authors: Tode J. , Haar M. , Rauscher T. , Hufendiek K. , Hufendiek K. , Becker A.-L. , Framme C. , Mücke U. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Herausforderungen an einen praxisorientierten Unterricht an Universitätskliniken steigen. Ressourcenknappheit steht einer wachsenden Studierendenzahl gegenüber. Digitale Vorlesungen, Seminare und „blended learning“-Konzepte ermöglichen einen ressourcensparenden und effektiven Unterricht in der Augenheilkunde.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Implementierung und Evaluation eines digitalen Lehrkonzepts aus Vorlesung, Seminar und Unterricht am Krankenbett an der Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH).

Material und Methoden
Unter Berücksichtigung der Vorgaben des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) wurden digitale Theorieeinheiten mit digital begleiteten Präsenzformaten kombiniert. Das Konzept umfasst: digitale On-Demand-Vorlesungen, ein 3‑tägiges digital vor- und nachbereitetes Präsenzseminar zu Basisuntersuchungen, einen digital begleiteten Unterricht am Krankenbett („blended learning“-Format). Das Konzept wurde in einer Kohorte getestet. Erfahrungen und Bewertungen der Studierenden wurden über das eLearning-System erfasst und mit denen des Vorjahres verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Das Konzept war gut umsetzbar, kommunizierbar und digital überprüfbar. Lehrende waren mit der Vorbereitung der Studierenden zufrieden. Lernende bewerteten das Konzept positiv, und das Fach Augenheilkunde stieg im Ranking der Medizinfächer an der MHH um 10 Plätze. Die Zufriedenheit mit der digitalen Lehre nahm signifikant zu.

Diskussion
Die Kombination asynchroner digitaler Vor- und Nachbereitung mit synchronem Unterricht am Krankenbett und Präsenzseminaren ermöglicht einen ressourcensparenden und effektiven Unterricht. Das Konzept fand hohe Akzeptanz. Weitere Studien zur flächendeckenden Umsetzung und die Auswirkungen auf die Examensleistung sind erforderlich.
Tuberous sclerosis complex–associated kidney disease in children
Authors: Marlais Matko , Mekahli Djalila 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder which can have manifestations in the kidneys, along with other organ systems. Children with TSC may develop kidney lesions at any point during childhood, and typically these are angiomyolipomata (AML) and/or kidney cysts. Children may also have hypertension associated with TSC-associated kidney disease, and rarely reduced kidney function. New guidelines for the management of TSC-associated kidney disease in children and adults were published in 2024. This educational review summarises the relevant clinical aspects of these guidelines for paediatric nephrologists through a series of four clinical cases. These cases cover management of hypertension, frequency of follow-up and frequency of kidney imaging. Difficult clinical scenarios are reviewed, such as the management of TSC2-PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome and the management of large AMLs in children with TSC.

Graphical abstract
Negativity in self-admitted technical debt: how sentiment influences prioritization
Authors: Cassee Nathan , Ernst Neil , Novielli Nicole , Serebrenik Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Self-Admitted Technical Debt, or SATD, is a self-admission of technical debt present in a software system. The presence of SATD in software systems negatively affects developers, therefore, managing and addressing SATD is crucial for software engineering. To effectively manage SATD, developers need to estimate its priority and assess the effort required to fix the described technical debt. About a quarter of descriptions of SATD in software systems express some form of negativity or negative emotions when describing technical debt. In this paper, we report on an experiment conducted with 59 respondents to study whether negativity expressed in the description of SATD actually affects the prioritization of SATD. The respondents are a mix of professional developers and students, and in the experiment, we asked participants to prioritize four vignettes: two expressing negativity and two expressing neutral sentiment. To ensure the vignettes were realistic, they were based on existing SATD extracted from a dataset. We find that negativity causes between one-third and half of developers to prioritize SATD in which negativity is expressed as having more priority. Developers affected by negativity when prioritizing SATD are twice as likely to increase their estimation of urgency and 1.5 times as likely to increase their estimation of importance and effort for SATD compared to the likelihood of decreasing these prioritization scores. Our findings show how developers actively use negativity in SATD to determine how urgently a particular instance of technical debt should be addressed. However, our study also describes a gap in the actions and belief of developers. Even if 33% to 50% use negativity to prioritize SATD, 67% of developers believe that using negativity as a proxy for priority is unacceptable. Therefore, we would not recommend using negativity as a proxy for priority. However, we also recognize it might be unavoidable that negativity is expressed by developers to describe technical debt.
A model of optimal digestive strategy in infrequently-feeding snakes
Authors: Wood Molly E. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Organisms require energy for survival, growth, and reproduction. In a system with a finite energy supply, fluctuations in resource availability can select for plasticity in the allocation of resources between competing physiological processes. Infrequently-feeding snakes, which naturally experience extended episodes of fasting, have evolved the capacity to modulate gastrointestinal (GI) performance in response to changes in digestive load. Specifically, the gut can be downregulated during fasting to reduce metabolic maintenance costs. Some energy is, however, required to upregulate the digestive system again to allow the exploitation of captured prey. Despite significant inquiry into the relationship between sit-and-wait foraging tactics and GI plasticity, quantitative examination of the optimal digestive strategy for an infrequently-feeding snake is lacking. Here, we construct an optimisation model to quantitatively predict this strategy in terms of the length of time post-feeding after which gut downregulation occurs and the minimum prey mass required to initiate gut upregulation. Contrary to long-held assertions, our simulations predict that infrequently-feeding snakes of all sizes that practice gut downregulation benefit from consuming relatively small prey. We identify gut downregulation as an adaptive strategy when prey are small and encountered infrequently, and assert it as a critical factor in determining predator vulnerability to food scarcity. When parameterising the model, we found the distribution of potential prey body sizes to be poorly characterised in the literature. Accordingly, we identify the frequency distribution of individual body sizes within a terrestrial community as a key focus of future ecological research.