bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundlagen: Input
Authors: Dhungel Anna-Katharina 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungHäufig wird davon gesprochen, dass Daten wertvoll sind. Daten würden Entscheidungen unterstützen, Prozesse beschleunigen oder Erkenntnisse liefern. Diese Aussagen sind so allerdings nicht korrekt, denn Daten allein haben keinen intrinsischen Mehrwert, sie sind zunächst einfach nur „da“. Erst eine Verwertung und Verarbeitung von Daten führt zu einem Wertzuwachs. Dennoch ist es wichtig, dass vor der Verarbeitung ein präzises Verständnis darüber vorhanden ist, welche Art von Daten vorliegen. Nur wenn man dieses tiefreichende Verständnis von Daten hat, kann man diese anmessen nutzen und den angesprochenen Mehrwert erzeugen. Daher wird in dieser Lerneinheit der Fokus darauf liegen, Daten zu verstehen (2.2), die Qualität von Daten zu beurteilen (2.4), die Beziehungen zwischen Daten zu analysieren (2.5) sowie mögliche Verzerrungen von Daten zu erkennen (2.6). Das angeeignete Wissen kann im eigenen Anwendungsfall eingesetzt werden (2.7).
Gebrauchstaugliche Entwicklung von KI-Anwendungen
Authors: Wessel Daniel 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel behandelt die Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Produkten, d. h. welche Eigenschaften ein Produkt wie eine KI-Anwendung aufweisen muss, damit man damit gut arbeiten kann. Der menschzentrierte Gestaltungsprozess wird als ein Weg dargestellt, solche gebrauchstauglichen Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Dabei wird auf die Rolle der zukünftigen Nutzer, die besonderen Anforderungen von KI-Anwendungen und der öffentlichen Verwaltung eingegangen.
Mensch-KI-System
Authors: Wessel Daniel 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungBei KI-Anwendungen arbeiten Mensch und KI-System eng zusammen. Diese Zusammenarbeit muss entsprechend gestaltet sein. In diesem Kapitel werden Formen der Zusammenarbeit vorgestellt und die Rolle von KI im Arbeitsalltag hinterfragt. Grade der Automation und Kriterien guter Zusammenarbeit werden vorgestellt und Hinweise für die konkrete Gestaltung der Zusammenarbeit gegeben. Zur Bewertung der Qualität der Zusammenarbeit werden Fragen an KI-Anwendungen vorgestellt.
Erklärbare KI
Authors: Schrills Tim 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungMit der zunehmenden Komplexität von KI-Systemen steigt auch die Notwendigkeit, die Funktionalität der genutzten Systeme verständlich zu machen. Aufgabe dieses Kapitels ist es diesen Aspekt näher zu beleuchten. Zentral ist dabei die Frage wie KI-Systeme so gestaltet werden können, dass sie nicht nur ihre intendierte Funktion erfüllen, sondern die Nutzenden so über ihre Funktionsweise informieren, dass diese die Systeme verstehen, nutzen und steuern können. Zentrale Inhalte sind dabei die Definition von Erklärungen, verschiedene Arten von Erklärungen, sowie Strategien für die bestmögliche Implementierung.
Pangenomic Analysis of Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses. I: The Phylogenetic Distribution of Conserved Oxygen-Dependent Enzymes Reveals a Capture-Gene Process
Authors: Campillo-Balderas J. A. , Lazcano A. , Cottom-Salas W. , Jácome R. , Becerra A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs) infect a wide range of eukaryotic species, including amoeba, algae, fish, amphibia, arthropods, birds, and mammals. This group of viruses has linear or circular double-stranded DNA genomes whose size spans approximately one order of magnitude, from 100 to 2500 kbp. The ultimate origin of this peculiar group of viruses remains an open issue. Some have argued that NCLDVs’ origin may lie in a bacteriophage ancestor that increased its genome size by subsequent recruitment of eukaryotic and bacterial genes. Others have suggested that NCLDVs families originated from cells that underwent an irreversible process of genome reduction. However, the hypothesis that a number of NCLDVs sequences have been recruited from the host genomes has been largely ignored. In the present work, we have performed pangenomic analyses of each of the seven known NCLDVs families. We show that these families' core- and shell genes have cellular homologs, supporting possible escaping-gene events as part of its evolution. Furthermore, the detection of sequences that belong to two protein families (small chain ribonucleotide reductase and Erv1/Air) and to one superfamily [2OG-Fe(II) oxygenases] that are for distribution in all NCLDVs core and shell clusters encoding for oxygen-dependent enzymes suggests that the highly conserved core these viruses originated after the Proterozoic Great Oxidation Event that transformed the terrestrial atmosphere 2.4–2.3 Ga ago.
Evaluation of right-ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with successful RCA CTO recanalization
Authors: Blessing Recha , Drosos Ioannis , Molitor Michael , Münzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip , Gori Tommaso , Dimitriadis Zisis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the right coronary artery (RCA) is common in patients with coronary artery disease. Although revascularization techniques and success rates have improved significantly in recent years, there are still no studies investigating possible effects of successful recanalization of RCA CTO on the right-ventricular (RV) function. With this study, we aimed to evaluate RV function after recanalization of the RCA by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) and additional two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).

Methods and results
Our analysis included 102 patients undergoing successful RCA CTO recanalization at the University Medical Center of Mainz. All patients underwent 2DE and 2DSTE to assess RV function before PCI procedure and 6 months after successful revascularization. We found an altered RV function in our collective at baseline assessed by 2DSTE with a significant improvement at 6 month follow-up (baseline RV free wall strain: − 20.7 [− 6.3 to − 32.0] % vs. − 23.4 [− 8.3 to − 39.3] % at follow-up, p < 0.001 and baseline RV global strain − 15.9 [− 6.0 to − 25.7] % vs. − 17.9 [− 7.0 to − 29.5] % at follow-up, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
RV function was altered in patients with RCA CTO and showed significant improvement after successful recanalization. We also noticed an improvement in patient-reported clinical symptoms. Our study suggests that CTO procedure is a beneficial treatment option in symptomatic patients with RCA CTO.
Chancen virtueller Realitäten in der Therapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Felnhofer Anna 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realitäten (VR) werden seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich in der Therapie von Angststörungen eingesetzt. Mit dem Aufkommen leistbarer Hardware (VR-Brillen) und der Zunahme kommerzieller Anbieter für entsprechende Softwareprogramme gewinnt die VR-Therapie auch abseits der klassischen Anwendungsbereiche an Bedeutung. Neben Erwachsenen rücken auch zusehends Kinder und Jugendliche in den Fokus. Dieser Artikel setzt sich daher zum Ziel, einen kursorischen Einblick in die Chancen von VR in der Pädiatrie wie auch Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie zu bieten. Die vorgestellten Anwendungsgebiete reichen von der Konfrontationstherapie mit VR, dem Einsatz bei Essstörungen und VR-basierten Trainings für Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) oder Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) bis hin zu VR-basierten Biofeedbacksystemen und VR-Interventionen bei akuten Schmerzzuständen.
The paradoxical anchoring of Kojève’s philosophizing in the tradition of Russian religious philosophy
Authors: Jubara Annett 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe subject of this paper is Alexandre Kojève’s relationship to Russian Religious Philosophy, which is characterized by a paradoxical contrast between Kojève’s openly critical judgment of it, on the one hand, and the hidden, implicit influence of this philosophical tradition on his own atheistic philosophizing on the other. The hidden influence of Russian Religious Philosophy, Kojève’s engagement with the philosophical ideas of Vladimir Solovyov and Fyodor Dostoevsky, will be shown by two case studies. The first case is about Kojève’s “reshaping” and reevaluation of Solovyov’s principle of evil. The second case is about Kojève’s defense of Dostoevsky’s Man-God ideologues against their creator by critically rethinking Man-Godhood. The connection between these two cases is the question, if Kojève, while opposing Solovyov’s difference of Man-God and God-Man with something third, has actually moved beyond the Man-God ideology, or did he develop his own Man-God ideology. The essay concludes, with the assertion that Kojève remains with a revised Man-Godhood. This defense-revision is an important philosophical contribution to the polemics with Russian Religious Philosophy, but it is, at the same time, intimately connected with Kojève’s ideological agenda.
Physics of Starch System: Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Hydrothermally Modified Elephant Foot Yam Starch
Authors: Barua Sreejani , Luciano Giorgio , Ahmed Jasim , Srivastav Prem Prakash , Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeat moisture treatment (HMT) was used to improve the functionalities of elephant foot yam starch (EFYS) by using selected heating techniques such as hot air oven (HAO), autoclave (AL), and microwave (MW). The swelling power and solubility were reduced significantly after HMT modification, whereas an increase in amylose content was detectable after HMT modification, and the maximum changes were identified in HAO-modified EFYS (28.48%) as compared to its native counterpart (18.01%). The study demonstrates that the maximum drop in peak viscosity (1045 cP) was perceived in HAO-modified EFYS, which confirms its thermostability as compared to native (1114 cP) and other treated starches (1059 to 1098 cP). All the starch pastes exhibited shear-thinning behavior, however, isothermal heating of starch paste at 95 °C revealed a rise in apparent viscosity with increasing shear rate in all HMT-modified EFYS. Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurements of modified starch samples showed the predominating solid-like behavior in modified EFYS. The HAO-treated EFYS had the highest elasticity of the others, which represents the enhanced structural rigidity due to the formation of transient network structures. Furthermore, Lissajous-Bowditch plots confirmed the early deviation of the structural integrity from elastic to viscous behavior in HAO-treated EFYS. Overall, the HAO-modified EFYS showed significant improvement in functionalities and structural integrities under high shear and high oscillation strain, which infers its potential industrial applications. Based on our results, we propose specific physical models suggesting the effect of molecular structural arrangements of amylose and amylopectin expressing the essential rheological differences between native and HMT EFYS.
Islamists, civil rights, and civility: the contribution of the brotherhood siras
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Jakob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFrom the 1980s, revisionist Sunni Islamist thinkers have engaged in a hermeneutical effort to argue for the full acceptance of non-Muslims as equal political participants and citizens in an Islamic polity. A key text in their argument is the so-called Constitution of Medina, regulating the interaction between the newly arrived followers of Muhammad and the existing tribes in Medina who were either polytheists or Jews. This paper investigates the sira literature of Muslim Brotherhood in order to gauge the degree to which the life of the Prophet has been reinterpreted to enable such novel readings. It analyzes three popular Muslim Brotherhood siras, by the Syrian Mustafa al-Sibai (1960s), the Egyptian Muhammad al-Ghazzali (1980s), and the Libyan Ali al-Sallabi (2000s). The paper detects important developments in these siras’ treatments of Muhammad’s engagement with non-Muslims—including their interpretations of the Constitution of Medina. These developments, however, do not reflect the radical rethinking of civil society and civility found in the abovementioned revisionist Islamist literature; rather, they evince a more classical Islamist interest in the Prophet as a propagator of Islam as a law and system. That said, this sira literature should be viewed as a genre aiming at the ideological education of brotherhood members, rather than the theoretical exploration of political theory.
Supervised learning to support the process planning of contract logistics projects
Authors: Veigt Marius , Freitag Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the outsourcing trend, contract logistics is a constantly growing industry. Especially for the essential and time-consuming planning of logistics processes in a contract logistics project, experienced planners are required. However, the growing shortage of skilled workers makes recruiting these planners increasingly difficult. Hence, a supervised learning approach will be investigated to support especially inexperienced planners in process planning. This article explores how supervised learning can extract the process knowledge contained in legacy contract logistics project documentation to suggest process steps during a new project process planning. The investigation results in boosted decision trees predicting the next process step correctly in 81% of the cases. In addition, the article guides what data should be collected today for even better results in future applications.
Populism: A Berlinian Critique
Authors: Crowder George 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow would Isaiah Berlin assess the current wave of authoritarian populism? The question is worth asking both for the light it casts on populism and for what it tells us about Berlin. In several respects, his view of populism is ambivalent: he is surprisingly sympathetic to the Russian populists of the nineteenth century, sharing their concern for genuine democracy and their reservations about elite leadership; he is especially troubled by the possibility of rule by scientific experts, although he does not reject elite judgement entirely; and his assessment of successful political judgement is not as clearly opposed to the kind of charismatic leadership favoured by many populists (for example, the leadership of Donald Trump) as one might expect. It is only in his treatment of individual liberty and value pluralism that Berlin provides anti-populists with more emphatic arguments, especially when his value pluralism is developed as “liberal pluralism.” Overall, the application of Berlin’s ideas to populism highlights some of his familiar themes but also shows how his work can be extended in interesting ways. In particular, his sympathy with the Russian populists suggests that he is more of a democrat than is often assumed, and the application to populism of his famous thesis about the dangers of positive liberty can be extended to negative liberty too.
The Influence of Prototypical #MeToo Features on the Perception of Workplace Sexual Harassment Across Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation (LGBTQ +)
Authors: Kessler Andrea Melanie , Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen , Grøntvedt Trond Viggo , Bendixen Mons 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
How we perceive social-sexual behavior, and to what extent we consider such behavior to be sexual harassment, is dependent on several situational factors. Prototypical #MeToo features (male actor and female target, higher status, repeated, private behavior, sexualized physical contact) have previously been shown to increase the degree to which social-sexual behavior is perceived as sexual harassment. The effect of those features needs to be investigated for types of harassment that involve same-gender sexual harassment and harassment of LGBTQ + people. To gain a wider perspective on the perception of social-sexual behavior as sexual harassment, this preregistered study aims to examine same-gender interactions and lesbian and gay actors and targets, in addition to replicating earlier findings about #MeToo features in opposite-sex constellations.

Methods
We applied five hypothetical scenarios to a Norwegian online sample of 888 participants between 18 and 60 (58.3% cis women, 40.8% cis men, 0.9% transgender/genderfluid/non-binary). The sampling process took place during the spring term 2020 and aimed at recruiting LGBTQ + people (63.3% of the sample self-identifying as heterosexual, 20% gay/lesbian, 10.7% bisexual, 3.2% pansexual, and 1.9% “other”).

Results
#MeToo features in each scenario clearly increased the degree to which social-sexual behavior was perceived as sexual harassment across gender identity and sexual orientation. The effect of private vs. public behavior was contingent on the type of behavior. Men rated behavior less as sexual harassment than women and people of other gender identities.

Conclusions
The current study shows that there was considerable consensus as to what sexual harassment entails in the five scenarios across gender identity and sexual orientation.

Policy Implications
Organizations should include prototypical #MeToo features in interventions, to illustrate how a situation might be more or less undesired and therefore experienced as harassment under different circumstances.
Phase Gradient Divergence for the Quantitative Detection of Focal Activation Events During Cardiac Fibrillation
Authors: Hori Keisuke , Seno Hiroshi , Sakuma Ichiro , Yamazaki Masatoshi , Tomii Naoki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia. Spiral wave and focal activation (FA) are known to play an important mechanistic role in the generation, sustenance, and termination of tachyarrhythmia. However, to date no quantitative method of detecting FA under complex excitations has yet been established.

Methods
In this study, we propose such a detection method of FA by calculating the divergence of the spatial gradient of a phase map, which identifies the phase of the excitation cycle at each point of the heart as derived from measurement signals. Next, to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, we conducted a membrane potential measurement experiment using an excised porcine heart (n = 1).

Results
By comparing the conventional and proposed methods for 126 instances of FA, we found that the proposed method showed improved detection accuracy, with precision, sensitivity, and F-measure values of 0.45, 0.84, and 0.58, while conventional method showed 0.04, 0.26, and 0.08, respectively.

Conclusion
The proposed method, which uses the divergence of the phase gradient to predict FA, shows potential to suppress false positives that are observed in the conventional method, and it can more accurately detect FA than conventional methods.
Glycosylation of Collagen Provokes Diabetic Wound Ulcers
Authors: Gunasekaran Subramanian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the general etiology of diabetic ulcers. While it is commonly perceived that “peripheral neuropathy” is the sole cause of diabetic ulcers due to reduced arterial blood supply and impaired venous circulation to the wound, there is a significant oversight at the nano-molecular level regarding the impact of high blood glucose/glycans in diabetic patients. A significant number of research literature talk about the influence of high blood glucose, the impact of glycosylation, the role of lysyl oxidase in collagen maturation along with the impact on peripheral nerve cells causing neuropathy. Such peripheral neuropathy could also be playing a major role in the reduction of arterial blood supply. Through this review article, the author aims to shed light on the unexplored mechanisms involving the glycosylation of lysine residues caused by excessive blood glucose/glycans/polysialic acids, and other related processes. These alterations disrupt the normal pathway of oxidative deamination of lysine residues, which are supposed to serve as substrates for lysyl oxidase. Consequently, the conversion of amino groups to aldehyde groups is impeded, leading to a disruption in the aldol-condensation reaction necessary for the regular maturation of wound bed collagen and proper healing of the wound.
Embracing videoconferencing interview applications beyond COVID-19: scoping review-guided implications for family centered services in South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Ntsako P. , Khoza-Shangase Katijah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Preventative measures at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic rendered in-person interviews unfeasible and unsafe for both research and healthcare service provision. Thus, viable alternatives became imperative, and videoconferencing bridged the gap between service delivery, community need and community safety, and increased utilization and integration of telehealth into the healthcare environment.

Aim
The aim of this scoping review was to review practices of videoconferencing in healthcare and how these can be applied to family-centered EHDI within the South African context.

Methods
Electronic bibliographic databases including Sage, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications, published in English between April 2017 and April 2021; focusing on patients and healthcare professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and experience of videoconferencing use in healthcare.

Results
Findings from this review are discussed under five themes: videoconferencing use; need for videoconferencing training; videoconferencing benefits; videoconferencing challenges; and recommendations for successful videoconferencing. Generally, there is sufficient evidence of videoconferencing use across various disciplines in healthcare and satisfaction with this service delivery mode and its benefits from both healthcare professionals and patients. However, patients and healthcare professionals require training on videoconferencing use to participate fully during videoconferencing consultations and mitigate some of the challenges associated with this service delivery mode.

Conclusions
These findings provided solid evidence-based guidance for the main study’s methodology; and raised significant implications for effective and contextually relevant Family-centered-EHDI programs within the South African context.
John Stuart Mill on the Political Significance of Higher Education
Authors: Ward Lee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile a number of recent studies highlight John Stuart Mill’s role as a “teacher of the people,” his reflections upon the political significance of higher education have received relatively little attention. I argue that Mill’s 1867 St. Andrews Address was both a defense of liberal education against influential arguments for religion- and science-based models of higher education, and a call for elites educated in reformed universities to shape a public vision for the construction of a polity committed to liberal principles. I conclude that Mill’s St. Andrews Address can contribute to debates about the role of the university in contemporary liberal societies.
On the joint survival probability of two collaborating firms
Authors: Ankirchner Stefan , Hesse Robert , Klein Maike 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of controlling the drift and diffusion rate of the endowment processes of two firms such that the joint survival probability is maximized. We assume that the endowment processes are continuous diffusions, driven by independent Brownian motions, and that the aggregate endowment is a Brownian motion with constant drift and diffusion rate. Our results reveal that the maximal joint survival probability depends only on the aggregate risk-adjusted return and on the maximal risk-adjusted return that can be implemented in each firm. Here the risk-adjusted return is understood as the drift rate divided by the squared diffusion rate.