bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing effects of trans‐ and cis‐cinnamic acid during rice coleoptile elongation
Authors: Vlaminck Lena , De Rouck Brix , Desmet Sandrien , Van Gerrewey Thijs , Goeminne Geert , De Smet Lien , Storme Veronique , Kyndt Tina , Demeestere Kristof , Gheysen Godelieve , Inzé Dirk , Vanholme Bartel , Depuydt Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phenylpropanoid cinnamic acid (CA) is a plant metabolite that can occur under a trans‐ or cis‐form. In contrast to the proven bioactivity of the cis‐form (c‐CA), the activity of trans‐CA (t‐CA) is still a matter of debate. We tested both compounds using a submerged rice coleoptile assay and demonstrated that they have opposite effects on cell elongation. Notably, in the tip of rice coleoptile t‐CA showed an inhibiting and c‐CA a stimulating activity. By combining transcriptomics and (untargeted) metabolomics with activity assays and genetic and pharmacological experiments, we aimed to explain the underlying mechanistic processes. We propose a model in which c‐CA treatment activates proton pumps and stimulates acidification of the apoplast, which in turn leads to the loosening of the cell wall, necessary for elongation. We hypothesize that c‐CA also inactivates auxin efflux transporters, which might cause a local auxin accumulation in the tip of the coleoptile. For t‐CA, the phenotype can partially be explained by a stimulation of cell wall polysaccharide feruloylation, leading to a more rigid cell wall. Metabolite profiling also demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) derivatives are increased upon t‐CA treatment. As SA is a known antagonist of auxin, the shift in SA homeostasis provides an additional explanation of the observed t‐CA‐mediated restriction on cell growth.
Theoretical Conditions for Burning in Solid Propellant Slots
Authors: Hafner Thomas A. , Örnek Metin , Messer Derek K. , Son Steven F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolid propellants suffer from a lack of active burning rate control. Active control could be capable of throttling propellant gas generation rates in applications ranging from adaptable airbags or other gas generators to solid rocket motors. In this study, we have investigated the concept of altering the burning behavior of solid propellants via surface area modification in the form of an adjacent slot. The conditions for burning in an adjacent slot to occur are considered, and several theoretical relationships are developed and presented between pressure and slot width for the threshold condition for penetration. The derivations assumed several different threshold criteria. Most considered convective heat transfer and applied an ignition threshold, whereas one derivation examined the quenching of a flame propagating into a slot. The resulting expressions were then applied to existing literature data and contrasted. The results showed that the derived equations fit the literature data well with our equation from the flame quenching derivation having the highest average R squared value.
An innovative ethosuximide granule formulation designed for pediatric use: Comparative pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and palatability profile versus reference syrup
Authors: Diezi Léonore , Dao Kim , Jullien Vincent , Roussel‐Maupetit Caroline , Burton Ingrid , André Pascal , Bardinet Carine , Rothuizen Laura E. , Chtioui Haithem , Manso‐Silvan Maria A. , Guittet Catherine , Brunner‐Ferber Françoise , Vandenhende Francois , Chiron Catherine , Granier Luc‐André , Buclin Thierry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEthosuximide, the first‐line therapy for childhood absence epilepsy, is currently formulated as a syrup (Zarontin®, Pfizer) with a bitter taste and high sugar content, poorly adapted to children, and a ketogenic diet. The collaborative European FP7 project KIEKIDS aimed at developing an innovative sugar‐free, tasteless formulation convenient for pediatric use. This dual Phase‐I study evaluated two granule formulations based on lipid multiparticulate (LMP) technology. Two panels of 6 healthy adult volunteers underwent a randomized, placebo‐controlled, partly blinded, 3‐way cross‐over trial, comparing ethosuximide granules A or B with placebo granules and syrup at single 10 mg/kg doses. Corresponding plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of ethosuximide were compared, along with palatability, safety, and tolerability. The LMP granule A proved suboptimal due to bitterness and adherence to beaker walls, while the optimized granule B revealed excellent palatability, similar to placebo granules, and low adherence to glass. The relative bioavailability of granules A versus syrup, based on dose‐normalized Cmax and AUC0–∞ was 93.7% [90% CI: 76.3–115.1] and 96.1% [91.0–101.5], respectively. For granules B it was 87.6% [81.6–94.0] and 92.5% [88.5–96.6], respectively, with slightly delayed tmax of 0.75 h [0.5–4.05] compared to syrup 0.5 h [0.3–0.8]. Tolerability visual analog scales revealed a trend for statistically non‐significant improvement versus syrup at peak (30 min) for transient dizziness (both granules), fatigue (granules A), and anxiety (granules B). The innovative ethosuximide granule formulation B achieves a suitable profile for pediatric use, being sugar‐free, tasteless, bioequivalent, and well‐tolerated while enabling precise adjustment to body weight.
Acute vasoreactivity testing during right heart catheterization in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Results from the pulmonary vascular disease phenomics study
Authors: Frantz Robert P. , Leopold Jane A. , Hassoun Paul M. , Hemnes Anna R. , Horn Evelyn M. , Mathai Stephen C. , Rischard Franz P. , Larive A. Brett , Tang W.h. Wilson , Park Margaret M. , Hill Nicholas S. , Rosenzweig Erika B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is believed to involve both vascular obstruction and vasoconstriction; hence, pulmonary vasodilators such as riociguat may be beneficial. Acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) is seldom performed routinely in CTEPH patients, so there is limited understanding of the frequency and significance of an acute vasodilator response. Systematic vasodilator testing with oxygen (O2) and oxygen plus inhaled nitric oxide (O2 + iNO) was performed as part of the Pulmonary Vascular Disease Omics (PVDOMICS) NHLBI project, providing an opportunity to examine AVT responses in CTEPH. Patients with CTEPH enrolled in PVDOMICS (n = 49, 40 with prevalent CTEPH [82%]) underwent right heart catheterization including AVT with O2 and O2 + iNO. Hemodynamics were obtained at baseline and with each challenge. Fourteen of 49 patients (29%) had >20% drop in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with O2. With O2 + iNO, 30/49 (61%) had >20% drop in PVR, 20% had >20% drop in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and PVR, and 8% had >10 mmHg decline in mPAP to mPAP < 40 with normal cardiac output. Patients on riociguat had less response to O2 + iNO than patients on phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors. Our findings shed light on the significant variability in vascular tone that is present in CTEPH, confirming that CTEPH represents a combination of mechanical obstruction and vasoconstriction that appears similar to that observed with Group 1 PAH. Additional study regarding whether results of acute vasodilator testing predict response to therapy and relate to prognosis is warranted.
Endoscopic surgery robot that facilitates insertion of the curved colon and ensures positional stability against external forces: K‐COLON
Authors: Kim Hansoul , You Jae Min , Kyung Ki‐Uk , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough various endoscopic surgery robots developed in previous studies are versatile and have high lesion accessibility, they have limitations in terms of reaching the target lesion through the curved path in the large intestine and providing a stable tasking environment for the operator.MethodsAn endoscopic surgery robot was developed for performing surgery in the large intestine. The robot was easily inserted into the target lesion in the curved colon through the mounted soft actuator and demonstrated high structural stiffness through the insertion of the sigmoidal auxiliary tendons.ResultsThe robot was able to access the target lesion in the curved colon through teleoperation alone. Further, it was confirmed that the high structural stiffness overtube improved the overall task performance in the user test.ConclusionsThe proposed robotic system demonstrated the possibility and potential of performing advanced endoscopic surgery in the large intestine.
Exponential input‐to‐state stabilization of semilinear systems via intermittent control
Authors: Guo Ying , Wang Shuang , Duan Zhaohui , Wang Pengfei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the exponential input‐to‐state stabilization of semilinear systems via aperiodically intermittent control and aperiodically intermittent sampled‐data control, respectively. The aperiodically intermittent control is characterized from the average sense. By designing an auxiliary timer to make a compromise between control activation intervals and control rest intervals and employing the piecewise Lyapunov function method, novel sufficient criteria are obtained to guarantee the exponential input‐to‐state stability of considered systems. As for the aperiodically intermittent sampled‐data control, the sampling instants can also be aperiodic. Especially, if the sampling instants are periodic, we employ a mixed piecewise Lyapunov functional method to obtain a relatively less conservative condition to guarantee the exponential input‐to‐state stability. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Flexible Nanoarchitectonics for Biosensing and Physiological Monitoring Applications
Authors: Ashok Aditya , Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Barton Matthew , Leitch Michael , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Park Hyeongyu , Truong Thanh‐An , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Ta Hang Thu , Li Xiaopeng , Liang Kang , Do Thanh Nho , Wang Chun‐Hui , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Yamauchi Yusuke , Phan Hoang‐Phuong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlexible and implantable electronics hold tremendous promises for advanced healthcare applications, especially for physiological neural recording and modulations. Key requirements in neural interfaces include miniature dimensions for spatial physiological mapping and low impedance for recognizing small biopotential signals. Herein, a bottom‐up mesoporous formation technique and a top‐down microlithography process are integrated to create flexible and low‐impedance mesoporous gold (Au) electrodes for biosensing and bioimplant applications. The mesoporous architectures developed on a thin and soft polymeric substrate provide excellent mechanical flexibility and stable electrical characteristics capable of sustaining multiple bending cycles. The large surface areas formed within the mesoporous network allow for high current density transfer in standard electrolytes, highly suitable for biological sensing applications as demonstrated in glucose sensors with an excellent detection limit of 1.95 µm and high sensitivity of 6.1 mA cm−2 µM−1, which is approximately six times higher than that of benchmarking flat/non‐porous films. The low impedance of less than 1 kΩ at 1 kHz in the as‐synthesized mesoporous electrodes, along with their mechanical flexibility and durability, offer peripheral nerve recording functionalities that are successfully demonstrated in vivo. These features highlight the new possibilities of our novel flexible nanoarchitectonics for neuronal recording and modulation applications.
Novel Nanoencapsulation Technology and its Potential Role in Bile Acid‐Based Targeted Gene Delivery to the Inner Ear
Authors: Foster Thomas , Lewkowicz Michael , Quintas Christina , Ionescu Corina Mihaela , Jones Melissa , Wagle Susbin Raj , Kovacevic Bozica , Wong Elaine Y. M. , Mooranian Armin , Al‐Salami Hani 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHearing loss impacts a large proportion of the global population. Damage to the inner ear, in particular the sensitive hair cells, can impact individuals for the rest of their lives. There are very limited options for interventions after damage to these cells has occurred. Targeted gene delivery may provide an effective means to trigger appropriate differentiation of progenitor cells for effective replacement of these sensitive hair cells. There are several hurdles that need to be overcome to effectively deliver these genes. Nanoencapsulation technology has previously been used for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, proteins and nucleic acids, and may provide an effective means of delivering genes to trigger appropriate differentiation. This review investigates the background of hearing loss, current advancements and pitfalls of gene delivery, and how nanoencapsulation may be useful.
Subpoenas and the new registrar, Part 1
Authors: Rainsberger Richard 
Published: December 2022

34 CFR §99.31 (a) (9)An educational … institution may disclose personally identifiable information from the education records of a student without the written consent of…(that) student if the disclosure is…(9) To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena; Provided that the educational … institution makes a reasonable effort to notify the … student of the order or subpoena in advance of compliance therewith…(from the originally approved FERPA regulations, published in Part II of the Federal Register, Thursday, June 17, 1976 (Vol. 41, No, 118)
Use of PCR to determine Toxoplasma gondii in milk samples from camels (Camelus dromedarius), cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) in East Azarbaijan province, Iran
Authors: Asiyabi Aghdam Somayyeh , Hajipour Nasser , Moosavy Mir‐Hassan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis as a zoonotic condition is developed by an intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii from the Apicomplexa phylum, which imposes economic losses on herds of animals and severe complications in immunocompromised people and pregnant women. This infectious disease can be transmitted to human beings from the contaminated unpasteurized milk, uncooked meat, water and food contaminated with sporulated oocysts and transplacental transmission.ObjectivesThis study amid to determine T. gondii DNA in camel, buffalo and cow milks in using the PCR method based on the B1 gene.MethodsA total of 100 milk samples, including 55 cows, 30 buffalos and 15 camels, were collected from different regions of north‐western using direct milking and then transferred to the Food and Aquatic Health Laboratory under refrigerated conditions.ResultsThe results showed that out of 100 milk samples examined, 5 samples (5%) were contaminated, and T. gondii DNA was detected in the milk samples of 2 (3.63%) cows, 1 (3.33%) buffalos and 2 (13.33%) camels, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that raw milk contaminated with T. gondii can be an important route of transmission of infection for human beings.
Baby universes in 2d and 4d theories of quantum gravity
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kawai Hikaru , Kawana Kiyoharu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The validity of the Coleman mechanism, which automatically tunes the fundamental constants, is examined in two-dimensional and four-dimensional quantum gravity theories. First, we consider two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity on orientable closed manifolds coupled to conformal matter of central charge c ≤ 1. The proper time Hamiltonian of this system is known to be written as a field theory of noncritical strings, which can also be viewed as a third quantization in two dimensions. By directly counting the number of random surfaces with various topologies, we find that the contribution of the baby universes is too small to realize the Coleman mechanism. Next, we consider four-dimensional Lorentzian gravity. Based on the difference between the creation of the mother universe from nothing and the annihilation of the mother universe into nothing, we introduce a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian for the multiverse. We show that Coleman’s idea is satisfied in this model and that the cosmological constant is tuned to be nearly zero. Potential implications for phenomenology are also discussed.
Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery
Authors: Adamova Petra , Lotto Robyn R. , Powell Andrew K. , Dykes Iain M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of congenital disease improves clinical outcomes; however, as many as 50% of congenital heart disease cases are missed by current ultrasound screening methods. This indicates a need for improved screening technology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted enormous interest in recent years for their potential in diagnostics. EVs mediate endocrine signalling in health and disease and are known to regulate aspects of embryonic development. Here, we critically evaluate recent evidence suggesting that EVs released from the foetus are able to cross the placenta and enter the maternal circulation. Furthermore, EVs from the mother appear to be transported in the reverse direction, whilst the placenta itself acts as a source of EVs. Experimental work utilising rodent models employing either transgenically encoded reporters or application of fluorescent tracking dyes provide convincing evidence of foetal-maternal crosstalk. This is supported by clinical data demonstrating expression of placental-origin EVs in maternal blood, as well as limited evidence for the presence of foetal-origin EVs. Together, this work raises the possibility that foetal EVs present in maternal blood could be used for the diagnosis of congenital disease. We discuss the challenges faced by researchers in translating these basic science findings into a clinical non-invasive prenatal test.
LC-Orbitrap-HRMS method for analysis of traces of triacylglycerols featuring furan fatty acids
Authors: Wiedmaier-Czerny Nina , Vetter Walter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuran fatty acids (FuFAs) are valuable antioxidants that are highly relevant for the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in biological systems and food. Despite their low contributions to the total fatty acids, their widespread occurrence has been documented in food and biological samples. Like other fatty acids, FuFAs are also stored esterified, e.g., in triacylglycerols. However, FuFA-containing triacylglycerols had not been detected in lipidomics analyses. Here, we present a screening method that allows for the identification of traces of FuFA-containing triacylglycerols (TAGs) utilizing LC-Orbitrap-HRMS. Initially developed with the help of purposefully synthesized FuFA-containing TAGs, the screening method was successfully applied to the analysis of two fish oil samples and one mushroom extract sample. Several FuFA-containing TAGs could be identified by direct analysis using the method and database developed in this study.
Graphical Abstract
Ising Model on Random Triangulations of the Disk: Phase Transition
Authors: Chen Linxiao , Turunen Joonas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Chen and Turunen (Commun Math Phys 374(3):1577–1643, 2020), we have studied the Boltzmann random triangulation of the disk coupled to an Ising model on its faces with Dobrushin boundary condition at its critical temperature. In this paper, we investigate the phase transition of this model by extending our previous results to arbitrary temperature: We compute the partition function of the model at all temperatures, and derive several critical exponents associated with the infinite perimeter limit. We show that the model has a local limit at any temperature, whose properties depend drastically on the temperature. At high temperatures, the local limit is reminiscent of the uniform infinite half-planar triangulation decorated with a subcritical percolation. At low temperatures, the local limit develops a bottleneck of finite width due to the energy cost of the main Ising interface between the two spin clusters imposed by the Dobrushin boundary condition. This change can be summarized by a novel order parameter with a nice geometric meaning. In addition to the phase transition, we also generalize our construction of the local limit from the two-step asymptotic regime used in Chen and Turunen (2020) to a more natural diagonal asymptotic regime. We obtain in this regime a scaling limit related to the length of the main Ising interface, which coincides with predictions from the continuum theory of quantum surfaces (a.k.a. Liouville quantum gravity).
Doing Vulnerability
Authors: Gallistl Vera , Bohrn Karoline , Rohner Rebekka , Kolland Franz 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein häufig wiederholtes Forschungsergebnis zu COVID-19 ist, dass ältere Menschen besonders vulnerabel gegenüber einem schweren Infektionsverlauf sind. Einerseits wurde, basierend darauf, für Altersdifferenzierungen in den COVID-19-Schutzmaßnahmen argumentiert, andererseits kritisierten Gerontolog*innen altersbasierte Risikogruppendefinitionen und einen ihnen zugrunde liegenden Ageismus.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Beitrag fragt danach, wie sich die Verwirklichung eines vulnerablen Alter(n)s im Alltag älterer Menschen während der COVID-19 Pandemie praktisch vollzogen hat.

Material und Methoden
Der Beitrag bezieht sich auf Daten von 6 themenzentrierten Interviews mit Personen zwischen 65 und 87 Jahren. Die Daten wurden mithilfe einer Feinstruktur- und Themenanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass Doing Age während der COVID-19-Pandemie durch ein Not Doing, ein Verschwinden von routinisierten Alltagspraktiken, gekennzeichnet war. Durch dieses Not Doing Age aktualisiert sich für die Befragten ein vulnerables Älterwerden, durch das sie körperliche und zeitliche Vulnerabilität intensiver erleben.

Diskussion
Die praktische Verwirklichung des Alter(n)s während der COVID-19-Pandemie hat sich vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Verhältnisse vollzogen; diese haben die Aktivität als einen Indikator für gutes und lebenswertes Altern festgelegt. Gleichzeitig wurden nur wenige Möglichkeiten geschaffen, Aktivität unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie aufrechtzuerhalten.