bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of a modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen incorporating cladribine for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shi Yuan-Yuan , Liu Zeng-Yan , Zhang Gui-Xin , He Yi , Han Ming-Zhe , Feng Si-Zhou , Zhang Rong-Li , Jiang Er-Lie 
Published: February 2023

This is a small phase I study examining the safety and efficacy of a cladribine (CLAD)-containing conditioning regimen prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantion (auto-HSCT) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All patients, aged 15–54 years (median 32 years), had favorable/intermediate risk AML (n = 20) or acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; n = 2) and no evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) prior to transplantation. Fourteen of the 22 patients received the conditioning regimen as follows: busulfan (Bu) + cyclophosphamide (Cy) + CLAD + cytarabine (Ara-c) or idarubicin. The conditioning regimen of 8 patients was without Cy nor idarubicin to reducing adverse cardiac reaction: the regimen of Bu + CLAD+ Ara-c for 6 patients; and the regimen of Bu + melphalan + CLAD + Ara-c for the other 2 patients. All 22 AML patients received peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The number of infused mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells was 10.00 (2.88–20.97) × 108/kg and 1.89 (1.52–10.44) × 106/kg, respectively. Hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved in all patients, with a median time of 13 (10–34) days for neutrophils and 28 (14–113) days for platelets. Two patients suffered from pulmonary infection, 4 patients suffered from septicemia during the neutropenic stage, and the others suffered from infection or gastrointestinal reaction without exceeding grade 3 after conditioning, which were all alleviated by anti-infection and other supportive treatment. None of the patients died of transplantation-related complications. At a median follow-up of 29.5 (ranging from 4.0 to 60.0) months, three patients relapsed after auto-HSCT at a median time of 6 (ranging from 0.5 to 10.0) months. One patient died due to relapse at 18 months after auto-HSCT. The remaining 21 patients were all alive, including 19 patients with negative MRD. The other 2 patients achieved negative MRD after allogeneic HSCT or chemotherapy. The estimated 2-year survival, relapse, and Leukemia-free survival rates were 94.1 ± 5.7%, 14.7 ± 7.9% and 85.3 ± 7.9%, respectively. A CLAD-combination conditioning regimen is efficient and safe for auto-HSCT, indicating an effective approach for AML treatment.
Preparation and optimization of surface stabilized cryptotanshinone nanocrystals with enhanced bioavailability
Authors: Zhao Wenzheng , Ruan Bohao , Sun Xiaoyi , Yu Zhenwei 
Published: February 2023

Cryptotanshinone (CTS) is a plant product extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with various pharmacological significances. In addition to its activities against coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, stroke, hepatitis and chronic renal failure, it demonstrates antimetastatic effects. However, its clinical use is limited due to its poor aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Herein, CTS nanocrystals were prepared with the precipitation method followed by high-pressure homogenization using Poloxamer 407 as the stabilizer. A stable product was further obtained by lyophilization. The particle size of the CTS nanocrystals was 315.67 ± 11.02 nm, and the zeta potential was near 0 mV. The crystallinity was confirmed by DSC and PXRD. The saturation solubility was substantially increased from 0.97 ± 0.12 μg/ml to 62.29 ± 1.91 μg/ml, and the dissolution rate was also significantly accelerated. A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed an improvement in oral bioavailability (2.87-fold) with CTS nanocrystals compared to the raw drug. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest a feasible formulation for the oral delivery of CTS.
Daily activity patterns and body temperature of the Oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), in natural habitat
Authors: Li Hongmei , Zhu Jingquan , Cheng Yumeng , Zhuo Fuyan , Liu Yinmin , Huang Jingfeng , Taylor Bryony , Luke Belinda , Wang Meizhi , González-Moreno Pablo 
Published: February 2023

Current pest management techniques would benefit from understanding the behavioural rhythms of the target pest and its body temperature, a critical aspect not well studied and potentially limiting the effectiveness of biopesticides under natural conditions. This study aims 1) to understand under natural conditions the behavioural patterns of different stages of hoppers and adults of Locusta migratoria manilensis and 2) to identify the environmental factors modulating their body temperature through field observation. We carried out an intensive field sampling in two of the main locust breeding regions in China, recording the body temperature (day and night), morphological traits (stage, sex and size) and microhabitat of 953 individuals. The results revealed that locusts preferred the ground as their main activity subhabitat, particularly for hoppers. Adults tended to move upper in the reed canopy at two peaks (10-11 h and 14-15 h). Locusts body temperature during daytime increased with development stage and size, while the opposite pattern occurred during night time. Entompathogenic fungi are more effective if the body temperature of the target pest is in a proper range without too high or too low. Application of biopesticides should focus on younger locusts spraying in the morning or at dusk as the locusts have lower body temperatures.
The effect of explicit and implicit online self-compassion interventions on sleep quality among Chinese adults: A longitudinal and diary study
Authors: Sheng Haili , Wang Ruibing , Liu Conghui 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of explicit and implicit online intervention methods for self-compassion on improving sleep quality among Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 328 adult participants were recruited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and Self-compassion Scale, and 168 participants were randomly assigned to one of three different conditions: two self-compassion intervention groups (self-compassion writing intervention asked participants to write several sentences with self-compassion, and self-compassion combination intervention asked participants to combine words into complete sentences with self-compassion) and one control group. After 1 week of online self-compassion intervention with daily sleep quality measured simultaneously, 150 participants completed the posttest of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and Self-Compassion Scale.ResultsThe pretest and posttests results showed that the self-compassion level and sleep quality of the self-compassion writing intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the self-compassion combination intervention group and the control group. For the diary tracking results, sleep quality was significantly better for both the self-compassion writing intervention group and self-compassion combination intervention group than the control group, however, the self-compassion writing intervention group showed great improvements.ConclusionBoth self-compassion writing and combination interventions were effective in improving sleep quality, and the effect of self-compassion writing was more stable.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on undergraduate and postgraduate students: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhu Lu , Zhou Ying , Huang Yiyue , Lei Xinxin , Guo Haoran , Hu Yibo , Wu Songjiang , Lei Li , Guo Aiyuan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many facets of life. This study focuses on undergraduate and postgraduate students in China to explore how the pandemic has affected health status, daily life, learning situations, graduation-related situations, and their studies or work planning.MethodsThis study sent online questionnaires to 2,395 participants to investigate the extent to which they were affected by the epidemic in the various aspects mentioned above and to understand what help they tend to get in the face of these effects.ResultsA total of 2,000 valid questionnaires were collected. The physical health of 82.90% of the respondents was affected to varying degrees, with male students, non-medical students, and graduates being more affected than female students, students with medical majors, and non-graduates, respectively. The proportion of students affected by mental health, the total amount of physical exercise, emotional life, and interpersonal communication was 86.35, 88.65, 80.15, and 90.15%, respectively. Compared with medical students and non-graduates, non-medical students and graduates were more affected. In addition, students’ learning and graduation conditions have also been affected to a certain extent: 13.07% of students may not be able to graduate on time, and the proportion of postgraduate students’ graduations affected was higher than that of undergraduate students.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health status of students, their daily lives, learning situations, and so on to varying degrees. We need to pay attention to the issues, provide practical solutions, and provide a basis for better responses to similar epidemics in the future.
COVID-19 experiences of small-scale fishing households: The case of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Okronipa Harriet , Bageant Elizabeth R. , Baez Jazmin , Onyango Horace Owiti , Aura Christopher Mulanda , Fiorella Kathryn Joan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe impact of COVID-19 on small-scale fishing communities is of great concern given the importance of aquatic foods in trade, nutrition and livelihoods. Using a case study of Lake Victoria, augmented by published literature, we examine the socioeconomic dynamics and severity of COVID-19 impacts on Kenyan fishing communities.MethodsA household level questionnaire was administered through phone interviews on a monthly basis from June 2020 to May 2021, including a focus group discussion in July 2021.ResultsWe find that multifold fear of COVID-19 infection and control measures were present and varied across case rates and stringency of control measures. Fishers and traders reported being affected by disease control measures that limited market access and their ability to fish overnight. In spite of these worries, and contrary to what has been reported in the published literature regarding impacts observed in the early months of the pandemic, we see stable participation in fishing and fish trading over time despite the pandemic. Food insecurity was high before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not substantially shift with the pandemic.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Kenyan fishing and fish trading households adopted diverse strategies to cope and balance generating income to provide for their families and staying safe. Our results underscore the need to understand ways in which acute pandemic impacts evolve over time given that effects are likely heterogeneous across small-scale fishing communities.
Comparison of femoral neck system vs. dynamic hip system blade for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Ge Zilu , Xiong Wei , Wang Dong , Tang Yunfeng , Fang Qian , Wang Limin , Zhang Zhen , Lin Wei , Wang Guanglin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundFemoral neck fracture is a common fracture in orthopedic practice. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between the femoral neck system and dynamic hip system blade for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 43 and 52 patients who underwent treatment for femoral neck fracture with the femoral neck system and dynamic hip system blade, respectively, between August 2019 and August 2020. Operative indexes, including operation duration, blood loss, incision length, postoperative complications (femoral neck shortening, non-union, screw pull-out, femoral head necrosis), and Harris scale scores were recorded and analyzed.ResultsCompared to that with the dynamic hip system blade, the femoral neck system showed significantly less operation duration (femoral neck system vs. dynamic hip system blade: 47.09 ± 9.19 vs. 52.90 ± 9.64, P = 0.004), less blood loss (48.53 ± 10.69 vs. 65.31 ± 17.91, P &lt; 0.001), and shorter incision length (4.04 ± 0.43 vs. 4.93 ± 0.53, P &lt; 0.001). Femoral neck shortening was significantly lower with the femoral neck system than with the dynamic hip system blade (3.93 ± 2.40, n = 39 vs. 5.22 ± 2.89, n = 44, P = 0.031). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in nonunion, screw pull-out, and femoral head necrosis. In addition, the latest follow-up Harris scale score was significantly higher with the femoral neck system than with the dynamic hip system blade (92.3 ± 4.5 vs. 89. 9 ± 4.9, P = 0.015).ConclusionThe femoral neck system results in less trauma, less femoral neck shortening, and better hip joint function than the dynamic hip system blade for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young patients.
Stage of infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis impacts expression of Rab5, Rab7, and CYP27B1 in macrophages within the ileum of naturally infected cows
Authors: Wherry Taylor L. T. , Heggen Mark , Shircliff Adrienne L. , Mooyottu Shankumar , Stabel Judith R. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMacrophages are the preferential target of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiologic agent of ruminant paratuberculosis. Uptake of pathogens by intestinal macrophages results in their trafficking through endosomal compartments, ultimately leading to fusion with an acidic lysosome to destroy the pathogen. MAP possesses virulence factors which disrupt these endosomal pathways. Additionally, levels of serum vitamin D3 have proven relevant to host immunity. Dynamics of endosomal trafficking and vitamin D3 metabolism have been largely unexplored in bovine paratuberculosis.MethodsThis study aimed to characterize expression of early and late endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7, respectively, within CD68+ macrophages in frozen mid-ileum sections harvested from cows at different stages of natural paratuberculosis infection. Additionally, factors of vitamin D3 signaling and metabolism were characterized through expression of vitamin D3 activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), vitamin D3 inactivating enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) within CD68+ ileal macrophages.Results and discussionCows with clinical paratuberculosis had significantly greater macrophage and MAP burden overall, as well as intracellular MAP. Total expression of Rab5 within macrophages was reduced in clinical cows; however, Rab5 and MAP colocalization was significantly greater in this group. Intracellular Rab7 colocalization with MAP was not detected in subclinical or Johne's Disease negative (JD-) control cows but was present in clinical cows. Additionally, macrophage CYP27B1 expression was significantly reduced in clinical cows. Taken together, the results from this study show disparate patterns of expression for key mediators in intracellular MAP trafficking and vitamin D metabolism for cows at different stages of paratuberculosis.
Characterization of a PBAT Degradation Carboxylesterase from Thermobacillus composti KWC4
Authors: Wu Pan , Li Zhishuai , Gao Jian , Zhao Yipei , Wang Hao , Qin Huimin , Gu Qun , Wei Ren , Liu Weidong , Han Xu 
Published: February 2023

The large amount of waste synthetic polyester plastics has complicated waste management and also endangering the environment due to improper littering. In this study, a novel carboxylesterase from Thermobacillus composti KWC4 (Tcca) was identified, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized with various plastic substrates. Irregular grooves were detected on polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) film by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after Tcca treatment, and Tcca can also hydrolyze short–chain diester bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The optimal pH and temperature for Tcca were 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. In order to explore its catalytic mechanism and improve its potential for plastic hydrolysis, we modeled the protein structure of Tcca and compared it with its homologous structures, and we identified positions that might be crucial for the binding of substrates. We generated a variety of Tcca variants by mutating these key positions; the variant F325A exhibited a more than 1.4–fold improvement in PBAT hydrolytic activity, and E80A exhibited a more than 4.1–fold increase in BHET activity when compared to the wild type. Tcca and its variants demonstrated future applicability for the recycling of bioplastic waste containing a PBAT fraction.
Comparative Analysis between Salmonella enterica Isolated from Imported and Chinese Native Chicken Breeds
Authors: Shi Wenjian , Tang Wenli , Li Yafei , Han Yu , Cui Lulu , Sun Shuhong 
Published: February 2023

Salmonella enterica is considered a significant threat to the global poultry industry and public health. In recent decades, antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica has attracted increasing concern throughout the world. However, limited information is available on Salmonella enterica among different breeds of breeder chickens. Thus, this study aimed to compare the prevalence, serotype distribution, emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), antimicrobial resistance, and genetic resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica among different breeds of breeder chickens. A total of 693 samples (dead embryos, cloacal swabs, water, feed, environmental swabs, and meconium of newly hatched chicks) were selected and cultured for Salmonella from four breeder chicken farms in Shandong province, China, representing one imported and three native breeds, and the isolates were further serotyped. Of the Salmonella isolates, susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials of 5 classes, ESBL screening, and the presence of 21 antimicrobial resistance genes were determined in the present study. Overall, 94 (13.6%) isolates were recovered, which were divided into 3 serotypes (Salmonella Pullorum (n = 36), Salmonella Thompson (n = 32), and Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 26)). The results showed that the prevalence of Salmonella enterica isolates from the imported breeds was higher compared with the three domestic breeds. Eight of the ninety-four isolates were ESBL-positive strains, which were recovered from a domestic breed chicken farm. These eight ESBL-producing isolates were serotyped to Pullorum. Surprisingly, Salmonella Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) and S. pullorum were simultaneously isolated from a single dead embryo observed among one native breed. Meanwhile, among the Salmonella isolates, 53.2% (50/94) were multidrug-resistant strains, and 44.7% (42/94) of the isolates presented resistance to at least five antibiotics. Nearly all of the isolates (97.9%, 92/94) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; one isolate of S. Thompson was resistant to seven antimicrobial agents belonging to four different classes. The carriage rate of three resistance genes (tetA, tetB, and sul1) among isolates from the imported breeds (87%, 70%, and 65.2%) was higher than that in those from domestic breeds (35.2%, 36.6, and 14.1%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ESBLs-producing Salmonella isolated from a Chinese native breed of breeder chickens. Our results also highlight that a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica contamination is widespread among different breeds of breeder chickens, which is a major risk of food-borne diseases and public health.
Comparison of Serological and Molecular Methods for Detection of Spiroplasma citri in Moroccan Citrus-Growing Areas
Authors: Sagouti Tourya , Rhallabi Naima , Polizzi Giancarlo , Tahiri Abdessalem , Belabess Zineb , Barka Essaid Ait , Lahlali Rachid 
Published: February 2023

Spiroplasma citri, a helical motile, wall-less, and cultivable microorganism of the class Mollicutes, is the agent of the citrus stubborn disease. There is currently a lack of data about the presence of this pathogen in Moroccan citrus orchards. This study aims to validate serological and molecular methods for routine S. citri diagnosis in Moroccan citrus groves. To provide an update on the present status of the outbreak of the pathogen in Moroccan citrus orchards, a survey of S. citri was conducted in the main citrus-growing regions of Morocco. A total of 575 leaf samples were collected from citrus trees with symptoms attributable to S. citri infection. Samples were collected during 2020 and 2021 from 23 citrus orchards. The presence of S. citri was tested in all samples using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Using this method, 57 samples were found to be infected with S. citri, 41 samples had doubtful results, and the remaining samples were negative. To corroborate the results of the DAS-ELISA test, 148 samples were chosen for additional molecular testing using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) based on specific primer pairs targeting three different genes (putative adhesion-like gene P58, putative adhesion gene P89, and spiralin gene). Using primers that target the putative adhesion-like gene P58, S. citri was detected by conventional and real-time PCR amplification from plant tissue with differing degrees of specificity. The results allowed us to determine the incidence of S. citri in all Moroccan citrus orchards, with a wide range of positive samples varying from 6.5% to 78%, and to show that molecular tests, particularly real-time PCR assays that target the putative adhesion-like gene P58, are the most sensitive for making an accurate diagnosis of S. citri. Indeed, the real-time PCR with P58-targeting primers yielded positive results from all positive and doubtful ELISA samples as well as some negative samples, with an OD value close to 1.5× times healthy samples, thus demonstrating a high sensibility of this technique.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PAIBP TENTANG QODHO’ DAN QODAR DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract Qodo and Qodar is the last pillar of faith or the sixth. Qodo and Qodar concepts are similar, but quietly different, so that the students so confuse and have learning difficulties. The purpose of this research is to analyze the enhancement of the VI B students of Public Elementary School 1 Kunduran learning outcomes of Islamic Education and Character about Qodo and Qodar through Cooperative Learning with Jigsaw type on the Second Semester of 2019/2020 Academic Year. This is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The action is Cooperative Learning with Jigsaw type or Jigsaw Method. The place of this research is on the VI B Class of Public Elementary School 1 Kunduran. The time of this research is the early period on the Second Semester of 2019/2020 Academic Year. The subjects are 14 students, consists of 9 boys and 5 girls. Techniques of collecting data are nontest and test. Tools of collecting data are observation sheet, camera application and test with written question. Technique of analyzing data is comparative-descriptive. The procedure is Kemmis and McTaggart Model. The result is learning outcomes enhanced from unsatisfactory category to satisfying. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Islamic Education and Character, Qodo’ and Qodar, Cooperative Learning, Jigsaw