bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation of salt structures by ice-sheet loading: insights into the controlling parameters from numerical modelling
Authors: Lang Jörg , Hampel Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubsurface salt flow is driven by differential loading, which is typically caused by tectonics or sedimentation. During glaciations, the weight of an ice sheet represents another source of differential loading. In salt-bearing basins affected by Pleistocene glaciations, such as the Central European Basin System, ice loading has been postulated as a trigger of young deformation at salt structures. Here, we present finite-element simulations (ABAQUS) with models based on a simplified 50-km long and 10-km-deep two-dimensional geological cross-section of a salt diapir subject to the load of a 300-m-thick ice sheet. The focus of our study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to material parameters, including linear and non-linear viscosity of the salt rocks and different elasticities. A spatially and temporarily variable pressure was applied to simulate ice loading. An ice advance towards the diapir causes lateral salt flow into the diapir and diapiric rise. Complete ice coverage leads to downward displacement of the diapir. After unloading, displacements are largely restored. The modelled displacements do not exceed few metres and are always larger in models with linear viscosity than in those with non-linear viscosity. Considering the low stresses caused by ice-sheet loading and the long time-scale, the application of linear viscosity seems appropriate. The elastic parameters also have a strong impact, with lower Young's moduli leading to larger deformation. The impact of both the viscosity and the elasticity highlights the importance of a careful parameter choice in numerical modelling, especially when aiming to replicate any real-world observations.
Injection-Induced Aseismic Slip in Tight Fractured Rocks
Authors: Ciardo Federico , Lecampion Brice 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate the problem of fluid injection at constant pressure in a 2D Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) with randomly oriented and uniformly distributed frictionally-stable fractures. We show that this problem shares similarities with the simpler scenario of injection in a single planar shear fracture, investigated by Bhattacharya and Viesca (2019); Viesca (2021) and whose results are here extended to include closed form solutions for aseismic moment as function of injected volume $$V_\mathrm{{inj}}$$

V
inj

. Notably, we demonstrate that the hydro-mechanical response of the fractured rock mass is at first order governed by a single dimensionless parameter $$\mathcal {T}$$
T
associated with favourably oriented fractures: low values of $$\mathcal {T}$$
T
(critically stressed conditions) lead to fast migration of aseismic slip from injection point due to elastic stress transfer on critically stressed fractures. In this case, therefore, there is no effect of the DFN percolation number on the spatio-temporal evolution of aseismic slip. On the other hand, in marginally pressurized conditions ($$\mathcal {T} \gtrsim 1$$

T
≳
1

), the slipping patch lags behind the pressurized region and hence the percolation number affects to a first order the response of the medium. Furthermore, we show that the aseismic moment scales $$\propto V_\mathrm{{inj}}^2$$

∝

V

inj

2

in both limiting conditions, similarly to the case of a single planar fracture subjected to the same injection condition. The factor of proportionality, however, depends on the DFN characteristics in marginally pressurized conditions, while it appears to be only mildly dependent on the DFN properties in critically stressed conditions.
Pathways to achieving nature-positive and carbon–neutral land use and food systems in Wales
Authors: Jones Sarah M. , Smith Alison C. , Leach Nicholas , Henrys Peter , Atkinson Peter M. , Harrison Paula A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLand use and its management can play a vital role in carbon sequestration, but trade-offs may exist with other objectives including food security and nature recovery. Using an integrated model (the FABLE calculator), four pathways, co-created with colleagues at the Welsh Government, towards achieving climate and biodiversity targets in Wales were explored: status quo, improvements on current trends, land sparing and land sharing. We found that continuing as usual will not be sufficient to meet Wales’s climate and biodiversity targets. In contrast, the land use and agricultural sector became a net carbon sink in both the land sparing and land sharing pathways, through high afforestation targets, peatland restoration, reducing food waste and moving towards a healthier diet. Whilst both pathways released land for biodiversity, the gains were greater in the land sharing pathway, which was also less dependent on optimistic assumptions concerning productivity improvements. The results demonstrate that alternative approaches to achieving nature-positive and carbon–neutral land use and food systems may be possible, but they come with stringent and transformative requirements for policy changes, with an integrated approach necessary to maximise benefits for climate, food and nature.
Microanatomical study of arachnoid granulations and meningeal architecture around Meckel’s cave
Authors: Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Tubbs R. Shane , Iwanaga Joe , Radek Maciej , Walocha Jerzy , Brzeziński Piotr , Kobos Józef , Polguj Michał 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the microanatomy of Meckel’s cave (MC) has been well studied, there are still controversies regarding the meningeal architecture of the space. Moreover, there are only general mentions of the arachnoid granulations near MC in just a few sources. This study is aimed at determining the frequency, location, and anatomical variability of the main clusters of arachnoid granulations around MC. The dissection involved 26 isolated specimens of MC fixed in formalin (neutral buffered, 10%). This number included five freshly harvested specimens examined histologically. Additional paraffin block with MC horizontal section was taken from our neuroanatomical collection. Carefully selected anatomical and histological techniques were applied to assess the complex relationships between the arachnoid granulations and adjacent structures. Arachnoid granulations were found around MC in all specimens with different anatomical variations. The main clusters of arachnoid granulations were close to the trigeminal ganglion and its divisions. The dorsolateral wall of MC was a thick layer formed by interweaving bundles of collagen fibers arranged in various directions. The entire MC was surrounded by a dural sleeve (envelope). This sleeve separated MC from the lateral sellar compartment. At its anterior (rostral) end, it formed a cribriform area pierced by individual fascicles of the trigeminal nerve’s primary divisions. The connective tissue forming the sleeve was not only continuous with the epineurium but also shifted to the perineuria surrounding individual nerve fascicles. The meningeal architecture around MC has a complex and multilayer arrangement with a collagenous sleeve closely related to the trigeminal ganglion. Arachnoid granulations are typically found around MC.
166% frequency tuning range power VCO using high-quality off-chip inductor
Authors: Mansour Islam , Mansour Marwa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work presents a complementary PMOS NMOS voltage-controlled power oscillator (VCO) based on a high quality (Q) factor off-chip inductor in 130 nm CMOS process. The proposed VCO achieves a frequency tuning range of 166% from 393 MHz to 4.17 GHz and this wide tuning range is divided into six bands where each band is also sub-divided into three bands using a single switching voltage. The proposed design takes into consideration the effect of the bond wire that is used to connect the off-chip inductor with the VCO core moreover, the measured SNP files of the off-chip inductors are utilized to ensure accurate results. This technique improves the figure of merit (FoM) by 4–25 dB compared to the conventional inductor VCO. Using six different values of the off-chip inductors, the proposed VCO works in six bands with a tuning range of 166%, and a minimum phase noise of − 127 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset frequency 2.2 GHz carrier. Furthermore, the proposed VCO draws 1.37 mA from 1.1 V supply voltage and has a minimum achieved Figure-of-Merit (FOM) equal to -193 dBc/Hz with a maximum output power of 4.25 dBm. The VCO core area equals 0.07 $${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$$

mm

2

, while the total chip area including RF pads and output buffers is $${0.437\mathrm{ mm}}^{2}$$

0.437
mm

2

.
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité: a power study in signed networks
Authors: Rödder Wilhelm , Dellnitz Andreas , Reucher Elmar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPower in human societies is a central phenomenon. Even though, it took ages to understand it and – even more – to measure it. Only in the last decades attempts were made to model power relations and to assign respective power indices to actors in a network. The present work goes a step further. It measures power of actors and groups of actors in networks by means of conditional relations. In a probabilistic framework, such relations are specified as conditionals: Which actor receives power given that the adjacent actor has it, and which actor looses power given that the neighbour dominates. This pattern of power relations allows for an exact calculation of an actor’s and groups of actors’ power index. The new decision analytics tool for this is maximizing entropy for the whole net and evaluating each actor’s influence therein. The new concept is applied to a middle size Kronecker net of clans and subclans operating in a today’s society.
Displacement incompatibility shape functions between masonry infill wall panels and reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Pedone Livio , Pampanin Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring an earthquake, the detachment and local interaction between infill wall panels and surrounding frame can occur, potentially leading to significant local damage to both structural and non-structural elements, if not global collapse. Yet, a procedure to assess the relative deformation mechanism in terms of detachment shape and values, rather than, and in addition to, the diagonal compression strut mechanism and associated internal panel strain and stress path, is still missing in the literature. Therefore, in this paper the concept of shape functions is proposed and adopted to assess the seismic displacement incompatibility between infill walls and the surrounding frame structure. A parametric study on different typologies of infilled frames is developed to investigate the key parameters affecting the infill-frame detachment. The proposed concept of shape functions can support the design/retrofit of improved construction details, such as shear keys and/or steel dowels, in view of either decoupling or strengthening retrofit/repair strategies. Moreover, as infill-frame detachment can lead to damage to energy enhancement rehabilitation solutions, such as external thermal insulation systems, which are becoming more common nowadays in view of the international target towards a significant reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emission, it is suggested to implement the proposed displacement-compatible design check to assess and detail for adequate displacement capacity.
Fragility curves of masonry buildings in aggregate accounting for local mechanisms and site effects
Authors: Angiolilli Michele , Brunelli Andrea , Cattari Serena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe seismic evaluation of masonry buildings in aggregate, largely diffused within the existing Italian and European building stock, represents a difficult and open task that has not been exhaustively investigated so far. The study proposes a procedure aimed at evaluating the potential impact of the combination of local mechanisms and site-amplification in terms of fragility curves on an existing unreinforced masonry (URM) aggregate which is made of five adjacent structural units mutually interacting with each other during seismic sequences. The case study is inspired by built heritage of the historic centre of Visso struck by the Central Italy 2016/2017 earthquakes. The in-plane (IP) response of URM buildings was simulated through nonlinear dynamic analyses performed on a 3D equivalent frame model of the structure, whereas out-of-plane (OOP) mechanisms were analysed by adopting the rigid-block assumption but assuming, as seismic input, the floor accelerations derived from the post-processing of data derived from the global 3D model. An innovative procedure considering the pounding effect to the global response of the building is also presented. Two soil conditions were assumed with (freefield) and without (bedrock) site amplification. The results showed that site effects strongly affected the seismic vulnerability of the aggregate, also altering the combination between IP and OOP mechanisms. In fact, for bedrock condition, especially for medium–high damage levels, local mechanisms were prevailing with respect to the IP response. Conversely, for freefield condition, IP mainly governed the overall behaviour for all the damage levels, consistently with the field evidence.
A Systematic Review of Peer Assessment Design Elements
Authors: Alqassab Maryam , Strijbos Jan-Willem , Panadero Ernesto , Ruiz Javier Fernández , Warrens Matthijs , To Jessica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The growing number of peer assessment studies in the last decades created diverse design options for researchers and teachers to implement peer assessment. However, it is still unknown if there are more commonly used peer assessment formats and design elements that could be considered when designing peer assessment activities in educational contexts. This systematic review aims to determine the diversity of peer assessment designs and practices in research studies. A literature search was performed in the electronic databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, ERIC, Academic Search Premier, and EconLit. Using data from 449 research studies (derived from 424 peer-reviewed articles), design differences were investigated for subject domains, assessment purposes, objects, outcomes, and moderators/mediators. Arts and humanities was the most frequent subject domain in the reviewed studies, and two-third of the studies had a formative purpose of assessment. The most used object of assessment was written assessment, and beliefs and perceptions were the most investigated outcomes. Gender topped the list of the investigated moderators/mediators of peer assessment. Latent class analysis of 27 peer assessment design elements revealed a five-class solution reflecting latent patterns that best describe the variability in peer assessment designs (i.e. prototypical peer assessment designs). Only ten design elements significantly contributed to these patterns with an associated effect size R2 ranging from .204 to .880, indicating that peer assessment designs in research studies are not as diverse as they theoretically can be.
Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation as first-line therapy for the management of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kotake Yasuhito , Huang Kaimin , Bennett Richard , De Silva Kasun , Bhaskaran Ashwin , Kanawati Juliana , Turnbull Samual , Zhou Julia , Campbell Timothy , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Catheter ablation (CA) in line with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is highly effective in VT management; however, it is unknown if CA should be considered as first-line therapy. The aim of this study is to verify the efficacy and safety of CA as first-line therapy for the first VT presentation (as adjunctive to ICD insertion), compared to initial ICD insertion and anti-arrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy.

Methods
Data from patients with the first presentation for VT from January 2017 to January 2021 was reviewed. Patients were classified as “ablation first” vs “ICD first” groups and compared the clinical outcomes between groups.

Results
One hundred and eighty-four consecutive patients presented with VT; 34 underwent CA as first-line therapy prior to ICD insertion, and 150 had ICD insertion/AAD therapy as first‐line. During the median follow-up of 625 days, patients who underwent CA as first-line therapy had significantly higher ventricular arrhythmia (VA)-free survival (91% vs 59%, log-rank P = 0.002) and composite of VA recurrence, cardiovascular hospitalization, transplant, and death (84% vs 54%, log-rank P = 0.01) compared to those who did not undergo CA. Multivariate analysis revealed that first-line CA was the only protective predictor of VA recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, P = 0.003). There were 3 (9%) peri-procedural complications with no peri-procedural deaths.

Conclusion
Real-world data supports the efficacy and safety of CA as first-line therapy at the time of the first VT hospitalization, compared to the initial ICD implant and AAD therapy.
Cumulative Lifetime Violence, Gender, Social Determinants of Health and Mental Health in Canadian Men: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Scott-Storey Kelly , O’Donnell Sue , Perrin Nancy , Wuest Judith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Among men, violence is pervasive and associated with poor mental health, but little is known about which men are most vulnerable. Our purpose is to address this gap by exploring mental health and social determinants of health (SDOH) including gender role conflict (GRC) in heterogenous groups of men with distinct patterns of cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) as target and perpetrator.

Methods:
Latent class analysis was conducted using means of 64 indicators of CLV severity collected from a community sample of 685 eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years. Class differences by SDOH, and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were explored with Chi-square and analysis of variance.

Results:
A 4-class solution was optimal. Class 1 had the lowest CLV severity; were more likely to be better educated, employed, and have little difficulty living on their incomes; and had better mental health than other classes. Class 2, characterized by moderate psychological violence as both target and perpetrator, had mean depression and PTSD scores at clinical levels, and more difficulty living on income than Class 1. Classes 3 and 4 were typified by high severity CLV as target but differentiated by Class 4 having the highest perpetration severity, higher GRC, and being older. In both classes, mean mental health scores were above cut-offs for clinical symptomology and higher than Classes 1 and 2.

Conclusion:
This is the first evidence that distinct patterns of CLV severity among men intersect with GRC and SDOH and are uniquely associated with mental health.
MOTEMO-OUTDOOR: ensuring learning and health security during the COVID-19 pandemic through outdoor and online environments in higher education
Authors: Mateo-Canedo Corel , Crespo-Puig Neus , Cladellas Ramon , Méndez-Ulrich Jorge Luis , Sanz Antoni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe restriction measures put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic posed notable challenges for formal teaching–learning processes because they had to be adapted to ensure health security. An active learning programme applied to three environments (indoors, outdoors, and online) was tested with 273 undergraduate university students in a within-subjects experimental study. Each student was assigned to two indoor and two outdoor seminars, with a subsample (n = 30) also participating in online seminars implemented in response to the university's lockdown protocols. The learning experience and learning conditions were evaluated through six dimensions: learning, evaluative impact, hedonic experience, technical conditions, environmental conditions, and health security. Outdoor seminars were more effective than indoor seminars in terms of the learning experience, with greater differences in hedonic experience, while the indoor seminars were rated more highly than the outdoor seminars in terms of learning conditions, with a larger difference in the environmental conditions. No differences were found between online and face-to-face environments in terms of the learning experience, even though the online environment yielded better scores in the learning conditions. Apparently, this adaptation to both outdoor and online contexts through active methodologies allows overcoming of technical, environmental, and teaching limitations and improves health security, while ensuring a good learning experience and added flexibility to teaching–learning processes.
Large scale multi-output multi-class classification using Gaussian processes
Authors: Ma Chunchao , Álvarez Mauricio A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMulti-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) can help to improve predictive performance for some output variables, by leveraging the correlation with other output variables. In this paper, our main motivation is to use multiple-output Gaussian processes to exploit correlations between outputs where each output is a multi-class classification problem. MOGPs have been mostly used for multi-output regression. There are some existing works that use MOGPs for other types of outputs, e.g., multi-output binary classification. However, MOGPs for multi-class classification has been less studied. The reason is twofold: 1) when using a softmax function, it is not clear how to scale it beyond the case of a few outputs; 2) most common type of data in multi-class classification problems consists of image data, and MOGPs are not specifically designed to image data. We thus propose a new MOGPs model called Multi-output Gaussian Processes with Augment & Reduce (MOGPs-AR) that can deal with large scale classification and downsized image input data. Large scale classification is achieved by subsampling both training data sets and classes in each output whereas downsized image input data is handled by incorporating a convolutional kernel into the new model. We show empirically that our proposed model outperforms single-output Gaussian processes in terms of different performance metrics and multi-output Gaussian processes in terms of scalability, both in synthetic and in real classification problems. We include an example with the Ommiglot dataset where we showcase the properties of our model.