bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation algorithm based on consensus verification
Authors: Shichao Li , Jiwei Qin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDistributed learning, as the most popular solution for training large-scale data for deep learning, consists of multiple participants collaborating on data training tasks. However, the malicious behavior of some during the training process, like Byzantine participants who would interrupt or control the learning process, will trigger the crisis of data security. Although recent existing defense mechanisms use the variability of Byzantine node gradients to clear Byzantine values, it is still unable to identify and then clear the delicate disturbance/attack. To address this critical issue, we propose an algorithm named consensus aggregation in this paper. This algorithm allows computational nodes to use the information of verification nodes to verify the effectiveness of the gradient in the perturbation attack, reaching a consensus based on the effective verification of the gradient. Then the server node uses the gradient as the valid gradient for gradient aggregation calculation through the consensus reached by other computing nodes. On the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets, when faced with Drift attacks, the proposed algorithm outperforms common existing aggregation algorithms (Krum, Trimmed Mean, Bulyan), with accuracies of 93.3%, 94.06% (MNIST dataset), and 48.66%, 51.55% (CIFAR10 dataset), respectively. This is an improvement of 3.0%, 3.8% (MNIST dataset), and 19.0%, 26.1% (CIFAR10 dataset) over the current state-of-the-art methods, and successfully defended against other attack methods.
CUI-Net: a correcting uneven illumination net for low-light image enhancement
Authors: Chao Ke , Song Wei , Shao Sen , Liu Dan , Liu Xiangchun , Zhao XiaoBing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUneven lighting conditions often occur during real-life photography, such as images taken at night that may have both low-light dark areas and high-light overexposed areas. Traditional algorithms for enhancing low-light areas also increase the brightness of overexposed areas, affecting the overall visual effect of the image. Therefore, it is important to achieve differentiated enhancement of low-light and high-light areas. In this paper, we propose a network called correcting uneven illumination network (CUI-Net) with sparse attention transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN) to better extract low-light features by constraining high-light features. Specifically, CUI-Net consists of two main modules: a low-light enhancement module and an auxiliary module. The enhancement module is a hybrid network that combines the advantages of CNN and Transformer network, which can alleviate uneven lighting problems and enhance local details better. The auxiliary module is used to converge the enhancement results of multiple enhancement modules during the training phase, so that only one enhancement module is needed during the testing phase to speed up inference. Furthermore, zero-shot learning is used in this paper to adapt to complex uneven lighting environments without requiring paired or unpaired training data. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested it on multiple datasets of different types, and the algorithm showed stable performance, demonstrating its good robustness. Additionally, by applying this algorithm to practical visual tasks such as object detection, face detection, and semantic segmentation, and comparing it with other state-of-the-art low-light image enhancement algorithms, we have demonstrated its practicality and advantages.
Associations of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, 5-HTTLPR, and adverse life events with late life depression in the elderly Lithuanian population
Authors: Simonyte Sandrita , Grabauskyte Ingrida , Macijauskiene Jurate , Lesauskaite Vita , Lesauskaite Vaiva , Kvaal Kari Sofie , Stewart Robert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLate-life depression (LLD) is a multifactorial disorder, with susceptibility and vulnerability potentially influenced by gene-environment interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with LLD. The sample of 353 participants aged 65 years and over was randomly selected from the list of Kaunas city inhabitants by Residents’ Register Service of Lithuania. Depressive symptoms were ascertained using the EURO-D scale. The List of Threatening Events Questionnaire was used to identify stressful life events that happened over the last 6 months and during lifetime. A 5-HTTLPR and lifetime stressful events interaction was indicated by higher odds of depression in those with s/s genotype who experienced high stress compared to l/l carriers with low or medium stress, while 5-HTTLPR and current stressful events interaction analysis revealed that carriers of either one or two copies of the s allele had increased odds of depressive symptoms associated with stress compared to participants with the l/l genotype not exposed to stressful situations. Although no significant direct association was found between the 5-HTTLPR short allele and depression, our findings demonstrated that lifetime or current stressful life events and their modification by 5-HTTLPR genotype are risk factors for late-life depression.
Phase vortex lattices in neutron interferometry
Authors: Geerits Niels , Lemmel Hartmut , Berger Anna-Sophie , Sponar Stephan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeutron Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is an additional quantum mechanical degree of freedom, useful in quantum information, and may provide more complete information on the neutron scattering amplitude of nuclei. Various methods for producing OAM in neutrons have been discussed. In this work we generalize magnetic methods which employ coherent averaging and apply this to neutron interferometry. Two aluminium prisms are inserted into a nested loop interferometer to generate a phase vortex lattice with significant extrinsic OAM, 〈Lz〉 ≈ 0.35, on a length scale of ≈ 220 μm, transverse to the propagation direction. Our generalized method exploits the strong nuclear interaction, enabling a tighter lattice. Combined with recent advances in neutron compound optics and split crystal interferometry our method may be applied to generate intrinsic neutron OAM states. Finally, we assert that, in its current state, our setup is directly applicable to anisotropic ultra small angle neutron scattering.
Generation of Ru(iii)-hypochlorite with resemblance to the heme-dependent haloperoxidase enzyme
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Ahsan Faiza , Awasthi Ayushi , Swart Marcel , Draksharapu Apparao 
Published: August 2023

The reaction of (Me/BnTPEN)RuII with mCPBA in the presence of Cl− ions generated a novel (Me/BnTPEN)RuIII–OCl species at RT. This study mimics the synthesis of a MIII–OCl adduct in a similar fashion as in the heme dependent haloperoxidase enzyme.
Polycystic kidneys: interaction of notch and renin
Authors: Daniel Emily A. , Sommer Nicole A. , Sharma Madhulika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a developmental disorder, which either manifests in early childhood or later in life, depending on the genetic mutation one harbors. The mechanisms of cyst initiation are not well understood. Increasing literature is now suggesting that Notch signaling may play a critical role in PKD. Activation of Notch signaling is important during nephrogenesis and slows down after development. Deletion of various Notch molecules in the cap mesenchyme leads to formation of cysts and early death in mice. A new study by Belyea et al. has now found that cells of renin lineage may link Notch expression and cystic kidney disease. Here, we use our understanding of Notch signaling and PKD to speculate about the significance of these interactions.
Wav2DDK: Analytical and Clinical Validation of an Automated Diadochokinetic Rate Estimation Algorithm on Remotely Collected Speech
Authors: Kadambi Prad , Stegmann Gabriela M. , Liss Julie , Berisha Visar , Hahn Shira 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Oral diadochokinesis is a useful task in assessment of speech motor function in the context of neurological disease. Remote collection of speech tasks provides a convenient alternative to in-clinic visits, but scoring these assessments can be a laborious process for clinicians. This work describes Wav2DDK, an automated algorithm for estimating the diadochokinetic (DDK) rate on remotely collected audio from healthy participants and participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method:
Wav2DDK was developed using a corpus of 970 DDK assessments from healthy and ALS speakers where ground truth DDK rates were provided manually by trained annotators. The clinical utility of the algorithm was demonstrated on a corpus of 7,919 assessments collected longitudinally from 26 healthy controls and 82 ALS speakers. Corpora were collected via the participants' own mobile device, and instructions for speech elicitation were provided via a mobile app. DDK rate was estimated by parsing the character transcript from a deep neural network transformer acoustic model trained on healthy and ALS speech.

Results:

Algorithm estimated DDK rates are highly accurate, achieving .98 correlation with manual annotation, and an average error of only 0.071 syllables per second. The rate exactly matched ground truth for 83% of files and was within 0.5 syllables per second for 95% of files. Estimated rates achieve a high test-retest reliability (
r
= .95) and show good correlation with the revised ALS functional rating scale speech subscore (
r
= .67).

Conclusion:
We demonstrate a system for automated DDK estimation that increases efficiency of calculation beyond manual annotation. Thorough analytical and clinical validation demonstrates that the algorithm is not only highly accurate, but also provides a convenient, clinically relevant metric for tracking longitudinal decline in ALS, serving to promote participation and diversity of participants in clinical research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23787033
A novel approach to battery cell balancing using near‐field wireless power transfer
Authors: Jeon Juhyeon , Seo Sangsoo , Han Sangwook , Lee Dongho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel battery cell balancing technique using near‐field wireless power transfer (WPT). The proposed method aims to overcome the drawbacks of conventional passive methods, which have low efficiency and energy waste, as well as the complex control and slow balancing speed of active methods. The authors’ experiments demonstrate, for the first time, the successful application of near‐field WPT for cell balancing. By wirelessly replenishing energy to the low‐energy battery cells while simultaneously charging them via wired connections, the authors achieve a significant reduction of 55.7% in the cell balancing time compared to conventional methods. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated through experimental results. This approach offers a promising solution for efficient and fast cell balancing in battery systems.
An improved subdomain method for air gap flux density of interior permanent magnet machines based on rotor reconstruction and flux equivalence
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Sun Yanhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to develop a rotor reconstruction method for the V‐shaped interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine so that the subdomain method to analytically calculate the air‐gap flux density can be applied. With the proposed method, the V‐shaped IPM rotor with rectangular magnets, magnetic barriers, and saturated iron bridges can be transformed into a U‐shaped equivalent analytical model. The geometry and material parameters of the magnets in the equivalent U‐shaped model can be determined according to the flux equivalence in the air‐gap of the motor. Then using the subdomain method on the U‐shaped equivalent rotor, the static magnetic field problem can be solved and the flux density distribution in the air‐gap be obtained. The validity of this method and accuracy of the solution is verified by the finite element method with case studies. Compared with existing methods, the improved subdomain method has higher accuracy in calculating flux density including radial and tangential components. The presented rotor reconstruction method is not only limited to single‐layer V‐shaped rotor, it can also be applied to other IPM rotors with more complex structures. It is valuable in the design, optimisation of IPM motors, and even development of new rotor topology.
Modelling spatiotemporal impact of flash floods on power distribution system and dynamic service restoration with renewable generators considering interdependent critical loads
Authors: Afzal Suhail , Mokhlis Hazlie , Illias Hazlee Azil , Bajwa Abdullah Akram , Mekhilef Saad , Mubin Marizan , Muhammad Munir Azam , Shareef Hussain 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, flash floods have become more common because of climate change and are considered a substantial risk for many cities worldwide. This catastrophic natural hazard presents a significant threat to critical infrastructure in urban areas, particularly the power distribution system. As modern societies are much more dependent on electrical energy these days, it is essential and imperative to make existing distribution systems resilient against flash flooding. Although researchers in this area have proposed various algorithms to impart resilience to a distribution system, however, the focus in these works is on wind‐related events such as hurricanes, cyclones, and windstorms. Therefore, here, the spatiotemporal effects of a flash flood on the distribution system are modelled using a grid‐based hydrodynamic model. The evolving line faults are then included in the proposed resilience‐oriented time horizon‐based service restoration model that also considers dynamic load demand, heavy uncertainties related to renewable generation, and interdependence among critical loads. Finally, the resilience of the distribution system's response is assessed using an operational resilience metric. The efficacy of the proposed framework is evaluated on IEEE 33‐bus and 69‐bus systems and the results show that the model provides an efficient restoration solution despite increased complexity caused by varying conditions.
Multi‐time scale adequacy evaluation of the power system with high penetration of renewable energy sources based on empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Xing Haijun , Sun Yiwen , Huang Ruanming , Song Ziyu , Luo Jiayi , Bian Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdequacy, especially in the power system with high penetration of renewable energy sources, is a crucial consideration in power system planning and operational dispatching. A multi‐time scale adequacy evaluation method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed, taking into account the multi‐time scale characteristics of renewable energy sources and the response characteristics of flexible regulation resources. In this method, a net load curve is decomposed into several component curves by the EMD algorithm. Then, the adequacy demand on each time scale is obtained by waveform recognition. Furthermore, the available adequacy resources on different time scales are quantified according to the regulation models of flexible resources. By analysing the adequacy demand and available adequacy resources of the power system on the same time scale, the adequacy evaluation indices on each time scale can be calculated and weighted to form the comprehensive indices. Finally, the adequacy evaluation indices on each time scale with different capacities of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems are compared and analysed using a practical power system as a case. Simulation results show the validity of the multi‐time scale adequacy evaluation method.
Electromagnetic disturbance characteristic of typical high voltage switchgear interruption process in offshore wind farm based on integrated conduction model
Authors: Wang Huaqing , Huang Daochun , Shuang Mingjing , Li Huipeng , Qiu Yiqun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn an offshore wind farm, a high‐voltage switchgear interruption in an offshore substation creates a high‐frequency, high‐amplitude overvoltage that can cause severe electromagnetic interference problems in the intelligent electronic device. To address this issue, mathematical models, vector fitting and finite element method were used to build an integrated electromagnetic disturbance conduction model, whose accuracy was verified by large current interruption tests. Through the simulation of a typical offshore wind farm's single‐phase grounding fault interruption process, the electromagnetic disturbance characteristics and the impact of the ground position are obtained. The results show that during the fault interruption process of phase B grounded, the dominant frequency of disturbance voltage can reach 4.34 MHz, and the amplitude can reach 1.12 kV. The ground grid has a large impact on the interference voltage, which can reach a maximum value of 2.28 kV under specific conditions. The disturbance voltage in the fault process mainly comes through the current transformer, while during the interruption process, it mainly comes through the ground grid. The authors provide a method to establish the integrated electromagnetic disturbance simulation model, which can improve the accuracy of the electromagnetic disturbance conduction process simulation of intelligent components.
Creep of an inhomogeneous polymeric cylindrical shell under heating
Authors: Andreev V.I. , Polyakova I.M. 
Published: August 2023

The article presents the calculation of a polymer thick-walled cylindrical shell, taking into account creep under the action of a uneven temperature field. The relevance of the work lies in the widespread intro-duction of polymer pipes in the repair and construction of pipelines for heating, sewerage, and water supply systems. The problem is solved in an axisymmetric formulation under plane deformation conditions. The calculation is based on the non-linear Maxwell-Gurevich equation, which is widely used in the calculations of polymer structures.
In the problem under consideration, the cylindrical shell is in a flat de-formed state. It is also believed that temperature is a function of radius and time.
Kardiologische Untersuchungen vor geplanter Krebstherapie: wer, was, wann?
Authors: Romann Sebastian Welf , Frey Norbert , Lehmann Lorenz 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungKrebspatienten profitieren von einer kardiologischen Mitbetreuung hinsichtlich einer Reduktion potenzieller kardiotoxischer Ereignisse. Zusätzlich kann in einigen Fällen das onkologische
Therapieziel eher erreicht werden, wenn kardiologische Nebenwirkungen effektiver erkannt und behandelt werden. Die kardiologische Betreuung ist dabei spezifisch zugeschnitten auf die
notwendigen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen, die sich aus den Vorerkrankungen, individuellen Risiken sowie den geplanten onkologischen Therapien ableiten. Die Empfehlungen
hierzu beruhen im Wesentlichen auf den Empfehlungen der aktuellen Leitlinie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie. Die Umsetzung der Vorgaben stellt besondere Herausforderungen an
die behandelnden Ärzte sowohl im niedergelassenen Bereich als auch in den Kliniken. Gleichzeitig sind die Empfehlungen ein wichtiger Schritt zur besseren kardio-onkologischen
Patientenversorgung.
Design of SiO
x
/TiO2@C hierarchical structure for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Zou Junhui , Yuan Shuai , Huang Ying , Du Xianping , Chen Chen , Wang Jiaming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The large volume expansion effect and unstable solid electrolyte interface films of SiO
x
-based anode materials have hindered their commercial development. It has been shown that composite doping is a general strategy to solve critical problems. In this study, TiO2-doped core–shell SiO
x

/TiO2@C composites were created using the sol–gel method. On the one hand, the uniformly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles can alleviate the volume expansion of the SiO
x
active material during the lithiation process. On the other hand, they can react with Li+ to form Li
x
TiO2, thereby increasing the ion diffusion rate in the composite material. The outer carbon shell acts as a protective layer that not only alleviates the volume expansion of the composite, but also improve the electron migration rate of the composite. The prepared SiO
x
/TiO2@C composite has a reversible capacity of 828.2 mA h g−1 (0.2 A g−1 100 cycles). After 500 cycles, it still maintains a reversible capacity of 500 mA h g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1. These findings suggest that SiO
x
/TiO2@C composites have a bright future in applications.
Three-stage laser wakefield accelerator scheme for sub-Joule few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Lécz Zsolt , Andreev Alexander , Papp Daniel , Kamperidis Christos , Hafz Nasr A M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Laser-driven electron acceleration in underdense plasma is a promising route towards the realization of reliable sources of relativistic electrons in the 0.1–1 GeV energy range. Generation of such electron bunches at high repetition rates is hindered by the limited energy per pulse, which inevitably results in very short pulse duration and tight focusing. Compressing the laser energy in time and space allows scientists to use higher plasma density to drive wakefieds, which in turn results in enhanced diffraction and dispersion of the broadband laser pulse. These features make difficult to control the acceleration in the plasma wave and to improve the beam quality. Here we propose a mm-long three-stage acceleration scheme, which allows for tunable injection and optimal acceleration of high-quality electron bunches. The full interaction length is modeled by 3D particle-in-cell simulations.
Hydrodynamics of an odd active surfer in a chiral fluid
Authors: Hosaka Yuto , Golestanian Ramin , Daddi-Moussa-Ider Abdallah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We theoretically and computationally study the low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamics of a linear active microswimmer surfing on a compressible thin fluid layer characterized by an odd viscosity. Since the underlying three-dimensional fluid is assumed to be very thin compared to any lateral size of the fluid layer, the model is effectively two-dimensional. In the limit of small odd viscosity compared to the even viscosities of the fluid layer, we obtain analytical expressions for the self-induced flow field, which includes non-reciprocal components due to the odd viscosity. On this basis, we fully analyze the behavior of a single linear swimmer, finding that it follows a circular path, the radius of which is, to leading order, inversely proportional to the magnitude of the odd viscosity. In addition, we show that a pair of swimmers exhibits a wealth of two-body dynamics that depends on the initial relative orientation angles as well as on the propulsion mechanism adopted by each swimmer. In particular, the pusher–pusher and pusher–puller-type swimmer pairs exhibit a generic spiral motion, while the puller–puller pair is found to either co-rotate in the steady state along a circular trajectory or exhibit a more complex chaotic behavior resulting from the interplay between hydrodynamic and steric interactions. Our theoretical predictions may pave the way toward a better understanding of active transport in active chiral fluids with odd viscosity, and may find potential applications in the quantitative microrheological characterization of odd-viscous fluids.