bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Weight Stigma Heat Map: A tool to identify weight stigma in public health and health promotion materials
Authors: Willer Fiona 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssues AddressedPublic health campaigns and health promotion endeavours have been criticised for perpetuating weight stigma by reinforcing misinformation and using deficits‐based narratives about larger‐bodied people. The aim of this project was to develop a ‘heat map’ tool to appraise existing health policy and resources for elements that promote weight stigma.MethodsTen themes were identified from literature using inductive analytic review methodology including pictorial/photographic representation, weight‐health beliefs, body weight modifiability and financial concerns. Each theme was divided into four appraisal categories: the demonstration of weight stigma (via negative stereotyping, prejudice or discrimination that limits access to opportunities or services), weight bias (via presenting smaller bodies as normal/natural/healthy/good/desirable), bias‐neutral (via representation of people of all shapes and sizes and accurate and nuanced health information about larger‐bodied and smaller‐bodied people) and finally an anti‐stigma approach (via use of strengths‐based narratives and overtly positive representation of and leadership by larger‐bodied people).ResultsA colour coding schema (the ‘heat map’) to visualise stigmatising elements across materials and a scoring system was devised for future quantitative evaluation. To demonstrate the use of the Weight Stigma Heat Map (WSHM), the Australian National Obesity Strategy 2022–2032 was appraised.ConclusionsIt is likely that weight stigmatisation is an important but under‐recognised factor influencing the effectiveness of campaigns and interventions promoting behaviour change.So What?Public health and health promotion professionals should consider using the WSHM as a framework for the development of less stigmatising policies, campaigns and resources and to direct reviews of existing materials.
Sustainable production of bread wheat using laser land levelling and sowing methods as potent regulators of carbon sequestration, fuel consumption and water use in the arid environment of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Farrukh , Saleem Amna , Anjum Shakeel Ahmad , Hussain Arshad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExcessive use of water in wheat is associated with high fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment. This study was conducted with the objectives to decrease water use and the associated fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions and to improve the productivity of wheat on a sustainable basis using LASER levelling and sowing methods as potent modulators of these adversities. The experiment was conducted in the research area of the Agronomic Research Station Bahawalpur over 3 years using a split‐plot experimental design and four replications. Treatments contained LASER levelling in the main plot (L0 = no LASER levelling, L1 = LASER levelling) and sowing methods in split plots (S1 = broadcast, S2 = ridge sowing and S3 = drill sowing). Less water use, fuel consumption and emission of carbon dioxide were quantified under ‘LASER levelling’ and under ‘ridge sowing’ compared to other treatments. Regarding wheat crop productivity, the same treatment combination (LASER levelling and ridge sowing) resulted in more fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000‐grain weight and grain yield. Therefore, we concluded that ‘LASER levelling’ and ‘ridge sowing’ have the potential to reduce the cost involved and environmental pollution (by reducing fuel consumption) and improve water use efficiency, grain yield and yield components of wheat compared to other treatments. Moreover, strong negative associations of water use, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions with the grain yield of wheat were recorded.
In vitro biocompatibility of polylactide and polybutylene succinate blends for urethral tissue engineering
Authors: Sartoneva Reetta , Lyyra Inari , Juusela Maiju , Sharma Vipul , Huhtala Heini , Massera Jonathan , Kellomäki Minna , Miettinen Susanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurgical treatment of urothelial defects with autologous genital or extragenital tissue grafts is susceptible to complications. Tissue engineering utilizing novel biomaterials and cells such as human urothelial cells (hUC) for epithelial regeneration and adipose stromal cells (hASC) for smooth muscle restoration might offer new treatment options for urothelial defects. Previously, polylactide (PLA) has been studied for urethral tissue engineering, however, as such, it is too stiff and rigid for the application. Blending it with ductile polybutylene succinate (PBSu) could provide suitable mechanical properties for the application. Our aim was to study the morphology, viability and proliferation of hUC and hASC when cultured on 100/0 PLA/PBSu, 75/25 PLA/PBSu blend, 50/50 PLA/PBSu blend, and 0/100 PLA/PBSu discs. The results showed that the hUCs were viable and proliferated on all the studied materials. The hUCs stained pancytokeratin at 7 and 14 days, suggesting maintenance of the urothelial phenotype. The hASCs retained their viability and morphology and proliferated on all the other discs, except on PLA. On the PLA, the hASCs formed large aggregates with each other rather than attached to the material. The early smooth muscle cell markers SM22α and α‐SMA were stained in hASC at 7 and 14 day time points on all PBSu‐containing materials, indicating that hASCs maintain their smooth muscle differentiation potential also on PBSu. As a conclusion, PBSu is a highly potential biomaterial for urothelial tissue engineering since it supports growth and phenotypic maintenance of hUC and smooth muscle differentiation of hASC.
Assessment of the skin with 2D‐shear wave elastography in the systemic scleroderma and its correlation with pulmonary involvement
Authors: Tanyeri Ahmet , Çildağ Mehmet Burak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the skin involvement in systemic scleroderma patients (SSc) with 2D‐Shear Wave Elastography (2D‐SWE) and to review the corelation between skin elasticity and pulmonary involvement.MethodsThirty SSc patients and 30 controls were examined using 2D‐SWE. The demographics matched both groups. B‐mode ultrasound (US) and 2D‐SWE assessed skin thickness and elastography from the ventral side of the right forearm in each subjective. ROC analysis determined optimal group separation cut‐off values. A rheumatologist applied mRSS for SSc patients. US, mRSS, and pulmonary involvement correlations were reviewed.ResultsUS parameter values (skin thickness, median kPa, median m/s) were higher in the SSc patient group (1.78 ± 0.36 mm, 22.15 ± 16.26, 2.60 ± 0.82, respectively) compared to the control group (1.55 ± 0.2 mm, 7.45 ± 1.84, 1.56 ± 0.2, respectively, p < 0.05). When the optimal cut‐off SWE values for separating groups was determined as 10.5 kPa and 1.87 m/s, the sensitivity was 93% and the specificity was 97%. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between mRSS and median SWE values (kPa, r = 0.626, p = 0.001; m/s, r = 0.638, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between pulmonary involvement of SSc patients with mRSS and US parameters.Conclusion2D‐SWE is a promising non‐invasive method to evaluate skin involvement in SSc patient group. For pulmonary involvement we need more data with bigger patient groups.
Family planning needs of young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Linton Elizabeth A. , Williams Elizabeth C. , Early Macy L. , Prince Elizabeth , Stewart Rosalyn W. , Lanzkron Sophie , Pecker Lydia H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSexual and reproductive healthcare standards for adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) are not established. A total of 50 young adults entering adult SCD care completed a Family Planning Survey assessing sexual and reproductive health needs from March 2019 to July 2020. Clinical data were abstracted from respondents’ electronic medical records. Linear and logistic regression was applied to explore associations between clinical characteristics and survey results. Few respondents (8%) wished to be pregnant in the coming year, and 46% answered yes to at least one of four needs assessment questions. Those who were not employed full time were more likely to endorse needing help with getting sickle cell trait testing for a partner (ORadj = 9.59, p‐value = 0.05). Contraceptive use was associated with having an obstetrician–gynecologist (OR = 6.8, p‐value = 0.01). Young adults with SCD entering adult care have diverse reproductive health needs, highlighting opportunities to provide multidisciplinary, SCD‐specific reproductive healthcare.
An in vivo model of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy from early‐stage inflammation to fibrosis
Authors: Burt Kevin G. , Viola Dan C. , Lisiewski Lauren E. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Amorosa Louis F. , Chahine Nadeen O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti‐joint disease pathologies in the lumbar spine, including ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy and intervertebral disc (IVD) bulging or herniation contribute to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), a highly prevalent condition characterized by symptomatic narrowing of the spinal canal. Clinical hypertrophic LF is characterized by a loss of elastic fibers and increase in collagen fibers, resulting in fibrotic thickening and scar formation. In this study, we created an injury model to test the hypothesis that LF needle scrape injury in the rat will result in hypertrophy of the LF characterized by altered tissue geometry, matrix organization, composition and inflammation. An initial pilot study was conducted to evaluate effect of needle size. Results indicate that LF needle scrape injury using a 22G needle produced upregulation of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine Il6 at 1 week post injury, and increased expression of Ctgf and Tgfb1 at 8 weeks post injury, along with persistent presence of infiltrating macrophages at 1, 3, and 8 weeks post injury. LF integrity was also altered, evidenced by increases in LF tissue thickness and loss of elastic tissue by 8 weeks post injury. Persistent LF injury also produced multi‐joint effects in the lumbar IVD, including disc height loss at the injury and adjacent to injury level, with degenerative IVD changes observed in the adjacent level. These results demonstrate that LF scrape injury in the rat produces structural and molecular features of LF hypertrophy and IVD height and histological changes, dependent on level. This model may be useful for testing of therapeutic interventions for treatment of LSS and IVD degeneration associated with LF hypertrophy.
Enter the dragon: China and global academic publishing
Authors: Hyland Ken 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the most dramatic changes in global publishing in the last decade has been the emergence of China. China now has more researchers than the United States, outspends the United States and European Union in research and publishes more scientific papers each year than any other nation in the world. The quality of these papers is also increasing, with more appearing in top‐ranked journals and gaining more citations overall. Despite this success, China has gained an unenviable reputation for research misconduct and geopolitical issues threaten its continuation. Given the impact of China's growing presence on editors, publishers and non‐Chinese authors seeking to publish in the same journals, it is important to understand the reasons, directions and outcomes of these changes, their effect on Chinese scholars and local Chinese journals, and where they might be leading. In this review paper I explore the rise of Chinese scholarship, its influence on global publishing and on Chinese scholars, and how the Chinese government is responding to its new role in global academic publishing.
Reconfigurable CRLH‐inspired antenna based on Hilbert curve EBG structure for modern wireless systems
Authors: Ismail Marwa M. , Elwi Taha A. , Salim A. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel antenna design with an enhanced gain‐bandwidth product for modern communication networks, including 5G systems. The design is consistent with 17 unit cells of a composite right/left‐hand (CRLH) structure with an electromagnetic band gap of Hilbert inclusions. Therefore, the resulting design occupies an area of 40 × 200 mm2 of a Taconic RF‐43 substrate. The maximum antenna gain is 16 dBi at 5.5 GHz, which is very applicable for long‐range communication systems. Nevertheless, the antenna performance is controlled with optical switches of light‐dependent resistors (LDR) technology. Therefore, the antenna performance is tested with different switching seniors to investigate the possibility of reconfiguration scenarios at various frequency bands. However, the antenna gain is highly affected by changing LDR switching status; for example, at 5.5 GHz, the antenna gain is varied between 7 and 16 dBi. Thus, the proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for direct amplitude modulation. Finally, the antenna simulation results and measurements agree very well with each other.
Resistivity and full‐decay IP inversion for imaging a coastal aquifer prone to saline intrusion: The Pontina Plain case study (Central Italy)
Authors: De Donno Giorgio , Cercato Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany coastal areas are affected by groundwater salinization due to the unsustainable use of groundwater resources. For a cost‐effective quantitative assessment of groundwater resources, electrical resistivity (ER) tomography is often used as a standalone geophysical technique. In this paper, we present an application of the integration of direct‐current ER and full‐decay‐induced polarization (IP) method at the Pontina Plain (Central Italy). The case study is a coastal area in Central Italy prone to salinization due to both geological and anthropogenic factors. To achieve these goals, we inverted full‐decay time‐domain electrical data for Cole–Cole parameters. The resulting multi‐parameter model provides a first approximation prediction of the permeability, employing well‐established empirical relationships with the electrical parameters. We demonstrated that our approach: (i) can locate highly conductive zones directly related to saline intrusion inland using the resistivity as a fast proxy; (ii) can remove the ambiguity in the detection of clay/silt layers in the near‐surface; and (iii) permit a prediction of the permeability, employing full‐decay inversion of time‐domain electrical data. However, the extremely conductive environment prevents the use of IP data for the reconstruction of deep layers or detection of the salt wedge front. Therefore, this approach can be used for hydro‐geophysical screening and monitoring of salinization‐prone sites, where strong limitations to direct inspection exist due to external constraints (e.g., protected lands).
Mechanochemically‐Assisted Passerini Reactions: A Practical and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Novel α‐Acyloxycarboxamide Derivatives
Authors: Salami Sodeeq Aderotimi , Safari Justin Bazibuhe , Smith Vincent J. , Krause Rui W. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, and an isonitrile were combined in a single step (Passerini reaction) under mechanochemical activation to produce several α‐acyloxycarboxamide derivatives in high to excellent yields within 15 min of milling. Mechanochemistry, when combined with the diversity provided by multicomponent reactions, enables the efficient synthesis of the target compounds, with great atom economy, shorter reaction times, and experimental simplicity. The method allows for the rapid production of a vast library of complex compounds from a limited number of substrates.
How does cell‐based non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) perform against chorionic villus sampling and cell‐free NIPT in detecting trisomies and copy number variations? A clinical study from Denmark
Authors: Hatt Lotte , Ravn Katarina , Dahl Jeppesen Line , Hestbek Nicolaisen Bolette , Baasch Christensen Inga , Singh Ripudaman , Schelde Palle , Horsholt Thomsen Simon , Christensen Rikke , Sinding Marianne , Vase Laura , Oestergaard Marianne , Bender Ruggard Marie , Jensen Hanne S. , Mogensen Helle , Uldbjerg Niels , Becher Naja , Markholt Sara , Sandager Puk , Henning Pedersen Lars , Vogel Ida 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare cell‐based NIPT (cbNIPT) to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and to examine the test characteristics of cbNIPT in the first clinical validation study of cbNIPT compared to cell‐free NIPT (cfNIPT).Material and MethodsStudy 1: Women (N = 92) who accepted CVS were recruited for cbNIPT (53 normal and 39 abnormal). Samples were analyzed with chromosomal microarray (CMA). Study 2: Women (N = 282) who accepted cfNIPT were recruited for cbNIPT. cfNIPT was analyzed using sequencing and cbNIPT by CMA.ResultsStudy 1: cbNIPT detected all aberrations (32/32) found in CVS: trisomies 13, 18 and 21 (23/23), pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) (6/6) and sex chromosome aberrations (3/3). cbNIPT detected 3/8 cases of mosaicism in the placenta. Study 2: cbNIPT detected all trisomies found with cfNIPT (6/6) and had no false positive (0/246). One of the three CNVs called by cbNIPT was confirmed by CVS but was undetected by cfNIPT, two were false positives. cbNIPT detected mosaicism in five samples, of which two were not detected by cfNIPT. cbNIPT failed in 7.8% compared to 2.8% in cfNIPT.ConclusionCirculating trophoblasts in the maternal circulation provide the potential of screening for aneuploidies and pathogenic CNVs covering the entire fetal genome.
Herbicides reduce the severity and sporulation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean with triple herbicide resistance
Authors: Claus Alexandre , Roncatto Eduardo , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins , May De Mio Louise Larissa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic event DAS44406‐6 (E3) makes soybeans that are herbicide [glyphosate (Gly), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and glufosinate] and caterpillar resistant. The E3 soybean was commercially released for the 2021/2022 harvest in Brazil. We conducted this study to test whether Gly and 2,4‐D applied alone and in a commercial mixture affect Asian soybean rust (ASR). Assays were conducted in detached leaves and in vivo, in a controlled environment using the herbicides Gly, 2,4‐D and Gly + 2,4‐D, and pathogen inoculation. Disease severity and spore production were evaluated.RESULTSOnly the herbicides Gly and Gly + 2,4‐D inhibited ASR in detached leaves and in vivo. When applied preventively and curatively in vivo, these herbicides reduced the disease severity and spore production of the fungus. In vivo, inhibition of disease severity reached 87% for Gly + 2,4‐D and 42% for Gly. A synergistic effect was observed with the commercial Gly + 2,4‐D mixture. Application of 2,4‐D alone in the in vivo assays did not reduce or increase disease severity. Gly and Gly + 2,4‐D act residually in inhibiting the disease. Growing E3 soybeans may combine weed and caterpillar management benefits with ASR inhibition.CONCLUSIONApplication of Gly and Gly + 2,4‐D herbicides in resistant E3 soybean shows inhibitory activity for ASR. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Online estimation of colored observation‐noise parameters within an ensemble Kalman filtering framework
Authors: Raboudi Naila F. , Ait‐El‐Fquih Boujemaa , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work addresses the problem of data assimilation in large‐dimensional systems with colored observation noise of unknown statistics, a scenario that will become more common in the near future with the deployment of denser observational networks of high spatio‐temporal coverage. Here, we are interested in the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) framework, which has been derived around a white observation noise assumption. Recently, colored observation‐noise aware EnKFs in which the noise was modeled as a first‐order autoregressive (AR) model were introduced. This work generalizes the above‐mentioned filters to learn the statistics of the AR model further online. We follow the state augmentation approach first to estimate the state and the AR model transfer matrix simultaneously, then the variational Bayesian approach to estimate the AR model noise covariance parameters further. We accordingly derive two filtering EnKF‐like algorithms, which estimate those statistics together with the system state. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed colored observation‐noise aware filtering schemes and compare their performance based on several numerical experiments conducted with the Lorenz‐96 model.
Surface‐driven amplification of Madden–Julian oscillation circulation anomalies across East Africa and its influence on the Turkana jet
Authors: Talib Joshua , Taylor Christopher M. , Harris Bethan L. , Wainwright Caroline M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn semi‐arid environments, rainfall‐driven soil moisture fluctuations exert a strong influence on surface turbulent fluxes. Intraseasonal rainfall variability can therefore impact low‐level atmospheric temperatures and influence regional circulations. Using satellite observations and an atmospheric reanalysis, we investigate whether rainfall variability induced by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) triggers land–atmosphere feedbacks across East Africa.We identify that surface fluxes during the East African wet seasons (March–May and October–December) are sensitive to MJO‐induced precipitation variations across low‐lying regions of South Sudan and highland regions of Uganda and southwest Kenya. For example, during MJO phases 6 to 8, when rainfall is suppressed, surface temperatures and sensible heat fluxes increase, whilst evapotranspiration decreases. Spatial variations in the surface flux response to rainfall variability feed back onto the atmosphere through amplifying MJO‐associated pressure anomalies. During dry MJO events for instance, surface warming across the exit region of the Turkana channel increases the low‐tropospheric along‐channel pressure gradient and intensifies the Turkana jet. We conclude that average surface‐driven temperature fluctuations during a single day are responsible for approximately 12% of MJO‐associated variability of the Turkana jet speed. However, we expect that the accumulation of heat over multiple days to the west of the East African Highlands further amplifies anomalies in the pressure gradient and jet intensity. Modelling experiments are required to quantify the accumulated impact of the surface forcing. Surface‐driven Turkana jet variations influence the East African moisture budget and affect the intensity and inland propagation of coastal convection. Not only is this the first study to investigate the importance of intraseasonal land–atmosphere feedbacks across East Africa, but it is also the first to show that Turkana jet characteristics are partly driven by surface conditions. This work motivates an investigation into whether subseasonal forecast models fully harness the predictability from surface‐induced jet variations.