bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tonal morphology of the potential in Coatec Zapotec (Di′zhke′)
Authors: Beam de Azcona Rosemary G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While the phenomenon of tonogenesis is well represented in the literature, diachronic tone change in already-tonal
languages has received less attention. This paper considers two types of tonal morphology used to mark the “potential”
inflectional category on verbs in Coatec Zapotec (aka Di′zhke′). Some verbs are marked with upstep. Coatec upstepped tones are
emergent tonal contrasts that are developing out of high register allotones which assimilated to a historical high tone on a
now-deleted preceding syllable. Other verbs display patterns of tone ablaut such that a verb with underlying low or falling tone
surfaces with high or rising in the potential. Both upstep and tone ablaut in Coatec can be traced to an earlier floating high
tone that could dock onto different syllables according to a set of ranked constraints. Using a combination of internal and
comparative reconstruction, details of the earlier tonal system are revealed. This is the first published treatment of
Proto-Zapotec tone since Swadesh (1947) and the first paper to address tone in
Proto-Zapotecan and Proto Core Zapotec. *ʔ is revealed to have been a consonant through the Core Zapotec period, suggesting that
the complex systems of phonation contrasts found in some Central Zapotec languages are a recent development. Cases of tonal
contrasts developing out of phonation contrasts are known from Southeast Asia, but Zapotec phonation contrasts arose out of
interaction between the glottal consonant and pre-existing tonal contrasts. An exploration of the morphological environments
conducive to upstep leads to new discoveries about Zapotecan derivational voice prefixes and reveals the origins of perfective
allomorphy.
Blame-avoiding strategies for a digital scandal
Authors: Liu Ming , Lu Yanxi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The burgeoning digital economy has also aroused wide public concerns over its improper use of personal data for
economic and political profits. This study focuses on the milestone Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal and examines how Mark
Zuckerberg succeeded in avoiding public blame during two US Congressional hearings. An integrated analytic framework has been
established by combining blame theory and critical discourse analysis to examine blame-avoiding strategies used by Mark Zuckerberg
during the two Congressional hearings. The findings have revealed not only the topics but also the specific strategies and the
linguistic means and realizations for these strategies. It is expected that this study can generate significant implications on
blame-avoiding strategies by digital corporations for their inherently flawed business models.
Anisotropic behavior of mechanical properties for the a- and c-domains in a (001) BaTiO3 single crystal
Authors: Torres-Torres D , Hurtado-Macias A , Herrera-Basurto R , Conteras E , Sánchez S , Mercader-Trejo F , González-Hernández J , Auciello O 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystal with a tetragonal phase was characterized by nanoindentation. Elastic and elastic–plastic deformation regimes were obtained. The main objective was the evaluation of the anisotropic behavior related to mechanical properties associated with the cross-section of the ferroelectric a- and c-domains (In-plane and out-of-plane) in (001) configuration domains. This behavior was evaluated along a line perpendicular to the between domains, which demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the BaTiO3 single crystal depend on the distance from due to the effect of the influence of the neighbor domain. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate mechanical effects revealed by the nanoindentations test. The FE simulation demonstrated that there is no simple isotropic mechanical behavior associated with the domain type. Numerical simulations and experiments performed to study ferroelastic switching domains in BaTiO3 crystals revealed the interaction of the 90°-ca domain with the indentation position.
Nanoplatform-based analysis for the detection of HER3 and HER4 for gastric cancer diagnosis
Authors: Gheorghe Damaris-Cristina , Stefan-Van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Ilie-Mihai Ruxandra-Maria , Sfirloaga Paula 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanographene and α-cyclodextrin based sensors modified with gold nanoparticles and spheroidal copper were used to develop two stochastic sensors, which were then characterized and validated for the purpose of molecularly identifying and quantifying HER3 and HER4 in biological samples. In order to accomplish this goal, each of the stochastic sensors was incorporated in a nanoplatform. The two nanoplatforms were connected to a smartphone and recorded very low limits of determination (1 × 10−15 g ml−1) and wide linear concentration ranges (1 × 10−15–1 × 10−8 g ml−1) when a potential of 170 mV versus Ag/AgCl was applied. This allowed for the molecular identification and quantification of HER3 and HER4 in patients with gastric cancer, as well as in healthy individuals.
Partial degeneration of finite gap solutions to the Korteweg–de Vries equation: soliton gas and scattering on elliptic backgrounds
Authors: Bertola M , Jenkins R , Tovbis A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We obtain Fredholm type formulas for partial degenerations of theta functions on (irreducible) nodal curves of arbitrary genus, with emphasis on nodal curves of genus one. An application is the study of ‘many-soliton’ solutions on an elliptic (cnoidal) background standing wave for the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation starting from a formula that is reminiscent of the classical Kay–Moses formula for N-solitons. In particular, we represent such a solution as a sum of the following two terms: a ‘shifted’ elliptic (cnoidal) background wave and a Kay–Moses type determinant containing Jacobi theta functions for the solitonic content, which can be viewed as a collection of solitary disturbances on the cnoidal background. The expressions for the travelling (group) speed of these solitary disturbances, as well as for the interaction kernel describing the scattering of pairs of such solitary disturbances, are obtained explicitly in terms of Jacobi theta functions. We also show that genus N + 1 finite gap solutions with random initial phases converge in probability to the deterministic cnoidal wave solution as N bands degenerate to a nodal curve of genus one. Finally, we derive the nonlinear dispersion relations and the equation of states for the KdV soliton gas on the residual elliptic background.
Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole gamma camera during and after irradiation of protons
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Watabe Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kohei , Yabe Takuya , Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Kawachi Naoki , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Islam Md Rafiqul , Miyake Masayasu , Tanaka Kazuo S , Kataoka Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Prompt x-ray imaging using a low-energy x-ray camera is a promising method for observing a proton beam’s shape from outside the subject. Furthermore, imaging of positrons produced by nuclear reactions with protons is a possible method for observing the beam shape. However, it has not been possible to measure these two types of images with a single imaging system due to the limited imaging capability of existing systems. Imaging of both prompt x-rays and the distribution of positrons may compensate for the shortcomings of each method. Approach. We conducted imaging of the prompt x-ray using a pinhole x-ray camera during irradiation with protons in list mode. Then, after irradiation with protons, imaging of annihilation radiations from the produced positrons was conducted using the same pinhole x-ray camera in list mode. After this imaging, list-mode data were sorted to obtain prompt x-ray images and positron images. Main results. With the proposed procedure, we could measure both prompt x-ray images and induced positron images with a single irradiation by a proton beam. From the prompt x-ray images, ranges and widths of the proton beams could be estimated. The distributions of positrons were slightly wider than those of the prompt x-rays. From the time sequential positron images, we could derive the time activity curves of the produced positrons. Significance. Hybrid imaging of prompt x-rays and induced positrons using a pinhole x-ray camera was achieved. The proposed procedure would be useful for measuring prompt x-ray images during irradiation to estimate the beam structures as well as for measuring the induced positron images after irradiation to estimate the distributions and time activity curves of the induced positrons.
In-situ electron density measurement in inductively coupled plasma using microwave reflectometer by Wi-Fi antenna on wafer
Authors: Shin Gi Won , Kim Jae Hyeon , Lee Sun Hee , Bang In Young , Kim Ji Hwan , Kwon Hee Tae , Kim Woo Jae , Kwon Gi-Chung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Among the characteristics of the low-temperature plasma often used in semiconductor processes, electron density plays an important role for understanding the plasma physics. Therefore, various studies involving invasive and non-invasive methods have been conducted to measure the electron density. This study aims to verify the possibility of measuring the electron density by simultaneously utilizing the characteristics of both invasive and non-invasive methods using a reflectometer attached to a commercial Wi-Fi antenna on a wafer in the vacuum chamber. The electron density was additionally measured using an interferometer and a single Langmuir probe under the same experimental conditions to assess the reliability of the reflectometer results, and the results were compared. The experiments were performed by increasing the 13.56 MHz radio frequency power applied to generate the plasma discharge in the 300 mm inductively coupled plasma bevel etcher equipment from 200 W to 400 W and 600 W, respectively. The electron densities measured using the three measurement methods (reflectometer/interferometer/single Langmuir probe) were confirmed to be in excellent agreement. Hence, the in-situ reflectometer on the wafer was verified to produce reliable results.
High-speed plasma diagnostics based on the floating harmonic method in inductively coupled plasma and pulsed plasma
Authors: Seo Beom-Jun , Kim Kyung-Hyun , Eo Hyundong , Lee Ho-Won , Kim Ju Ho , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The floating harmonic method is a diagnostic technique for obtaining plasma parameters, such as ion density and electron temperature, by applying a sinusoidal voltage to a floating probe. The typically applied frequency is in the kilohertz range. This method has been widely used in plasma diagnostics of semiconductor processes due to its robustness to RF fluctuations and fast measurement speed. However, recently, pulsed plasma has become common in semiconductor processes. As the plasma sheath is analyzed with a high-time-resolution diagnostic method such as phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, the development of high-speed plasma diagnostic techniques has become increasingly important. In this study, we investigated high-speed plasma diagnostic measurements based on the floating harmonic method. When the frequency of the voltage applied to the floating probe increases up to 1 MHz, the electron temperature can be underestimated due to the currents flowing through the capacitive sheath and the ceramic sleeve of the probe. We found that the displacement current of the probe sheath increases rapidly compared to the conduction current as the plasma density and electron temperature decrease. We also removed the additional harmonic currents flowing through the ceramic sleeve via two approaches. The plasma parameters obtained using the proposed method are in good agreement with the measurements performed using the floating harmonic method in the kilohertz range. Moreover, the electron temperature of the pulsed plasma was measured.
Acoustic transport in higher-order topological insulators with Dirac hierarchy
Authors: Yu Xinglong , Zhang Xin , Luo Li , Wang Licheng , Peng Jiebin , Huang Yingyi , Guo Yuan , Cai Jing , Wang Yanping , Zhao Degang , Yao Yuanwei , Wu Fugen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dirac cones (DCs) are an important band structure in topological insulators (TIs) for realizing topological phase transition, and they provide unique ways to artificially regulate wave transport. Herein, we proposed a simple method to achieve Dirac hierarchy in three-dimensional (3D) acoustic TIs with rich and controllable topological phase transitions. The split of multifold DCs in each bulk Dirac hierarchy induced boundary Dirac hierarchy, including topological surface states and topological hinge states. We successfully realized 3D higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) that exhibited two-fold boundary Dirac hierarchy with hinge states and achieved energy transport along three independent directions based on hinge-to-hinge channels. The proposed method is not limited to single hinges, and it provides a new design idea for multidimensional sound transport, serving as the basis for controllable acoustic functional devices.
Non-stationary free-space geodesic dynamics due to the interaction with weak gravitational waves
Authors: Brandsema Matthew J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the author investigates how non-stationary reference frames affect the observed trajectories of test particles, and how these observed effects might allow for the detection of gravitational waves. Most gravitational wave experiments rely on observing geometric oscillations of the spacetime between stationary test masses (with respect to each other). The results of this study indicate that an impinging gravitational wave, even of very weak amplitude, can cause much more noticeable effects between moving reference frames. The concepts herein are loosely analogous to how the properties of a magnetic field can be obtained from observing a charged particle’s cyclotron motion through it. To this end, the linearized geodesic differential equations are solved to obtain the coordinates of a particle along a path, and explicit trajectories are calculated for a wide range of gravitational wave parameters. It is found that the angular deviation in trajectory is dependent on the polarization state of the wave and amplitude, leading to the possibly of extracting these parameters from the deviation for real-world experiments. The approach here represents a first step and as such, there are many simplifying assumptions, which will be relaxed slowly over time in future work.
Exploration of effects of gate underlap in HOI FinFETs at 10 nm gate length
Authors: Datta Parabi , Nanda Swagat , Sankar Dhar Rudra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With sub-22 nm technology nodes, the short channel effects (SCEs) arose in FinFETs, which hindered the further scaling of devices. The leakage currents became detrimental with scaling of the gate oxide thickness below 2 nm, hence the demand for control of leakage currents due to corner effects in the sidewalls of FinFETs. Research suggested use of gate underlap (GUL) architectures to suppress the leakage currents. The objective of this paper is to utilize a GUL structure in a 10 nm gate length Heterostructure-On-Insulator (HOI) FinFET, encompassing a three layered strained channel architecture to enrich the drive currents. Different structures with GUL lengths of 1 nm, 3 nm and 5 nm are designed to study the electrical characteristics besides the effects of leakage currents and other SCEs. A noteworthy decrease is observed in the leakage currents with increasing GUL lengths. However, it also leads to decrease of drive currents of the devices. A trade-off between the enhanced dimensions of source/drain along with an optimized GUL length proves beneficial in the strained silicon channel devices. The 10 nm HOI device employing a 3 nm GUL with height/width of source/drain at 8 nm provides drive currents and leakage currents at par with the 10 nm HOI device with no underlap. But with higher Ion/Ioff current ratio and lower SCEs, this device with 3 nm underlap decreases corner effects and is observed from the electron velocity and total current density contours leading to faster switching speeds and optimized device performance towards semiconductor industry.
Relic gravitons and high-frequency detectors
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cosmic gravitons are expected in the MHz–GHz regions that are currently unreachable by the operating wide-band interferometers and where various classes of electromechanical detectors have been proposed through the years. The minimal chirp amplitude detectable by these instruments is often set on the basis of the sensitivities reachable by the detectors currently operating in the audio band. By combining the observations of the pulsar timing arrays, the limits from wide-band detectors and the other phenomenological bounds we show that this requirement is far too generous and even misleading since the actual detection of relic gravitons well above the kHz would demand chirp and spectral amplitudes that are ten or even fifteen orders of magnitude smaller than the ones currently achievable in the audio band, for the same classes of stochastic sources. We then examine more closely the potential high-frequency signals and show that the sensitivity in the chirp and spectral amplitudes must be even smaller than the ones suggested by the direct and indirect constraints on the cosmic gravitons. We finally analyze the high-frequency detectors in the framework of Hanbury-Brown Twiss interferometry and argue that they are actually more essential than the ones operating in the audio band (i.e. between few Hz and few kHz) if we want to investigate the quantumness of the relic gravitons and their associated second-order correlation effects. We suggest, in particular, how the statistical properties of thermal and non-thermal gravitons can be distinguished by studying the corresponding second-order interference effects.
New constraints on the dark matter-neutrino and dark matter-photon scattering cross sections from TXS 0506+056
Authors: Ferrer Francesc , Herrera Gonzalo , Ibarra Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The flux of high energy neutrinos and photons produced in a blazar could get attenuated when they propagate through the dark matter spike around the central black hole and the halo of the host galaxy. Using the observation by IceCube of a few high-energy neutrino events from TXS 0506+056, and their coincident gamma ray events, we obtain new constraints on the dark matter-neutrino and dark matter-photon scattering cross sections. Our constraints are orders of magnitude more stringent than those derived from considering the attenuation through the intergalactic medium and the Milky Way dark matter halo. When the cross-section increases with energy, our constraints are also stronger than those derived from the CMB and large-scale structure.
Cross sections for inelastic K+ϕ scattering*
Authors: Pan Yi-Hao , Xu Xiao-Ming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the first Born approximation, we study the reactions

,

,

, and

with quark-antiquark annihilation and creation. Transition amplitudes are derived with the development in the spherical harmonics of the relative-motion wave functions of two initial mesons and two final mesons so that parity is conserved and the total angular momentum of the final mesons equals that of the initial mesons. Unpolarized cross sections are calculated from the transition amplitudes that also contain mesonic quark-antiquark relative-motion wave functions and transition potentials for quark-antiquark annihilation and creation. The notable temperature dependence of the cross sections is shown. The cross sections for

,

, and

may be of the millibarn scale, whereas the cross section for

is small.
How Fast is Fast Enough? Industry Perspectives on the Use of Large-eddy Simulation in Wind Energy
Authors: Asmuth Henrik , Korb Henry , Ivanell Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of graphics processing units (GPUs) has facilitated unprecedented performance gains for computational fluids dynamics in recent years. In many industries this has enabled the integration of large-eddy simulation (LES) in the engineering practice. Flow modelling in the wind industry though still primarily relies on models with significantly lower fidelity. This paper seeks to investigate the reasons why wind energy applications of LES are still an exception in the industrial practice. On that account, we present a survey among industry experts on the matter. The survey shows that the large runtimes and computational costs of LES are still seen as a main obstacle. However, other reasons such as a lack of expertise and user experience, the need for more validation, and lacking trust in the potential benefits of LES reveal that computational efficiency is not the only concern. Lastly, we present an exemplary simulation of a generic offshore wind farm using a GPU-resident Lattice Boltzmann LES framework. The example shows that the runtime requirements stated by a large part of the respondents can already now be fulfilled with reasonable hardware effort.
Multi-scale modeling of a wind turbine wake in complex terrain
Authors: Kale Baris , Buckingham Sophia , Beeck Jeroen van , Cuerva-Tejero Alvaro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComparing numerical simulations of wind turbine wakes in neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow over complex terrains with full-scale experiments is not always straightforward. Pure neutral ABL conditions are rarely found in the atmosphere as the characteristics of the ABL change during the diurnal cycle. This study presents some insights into how a single wind turbine (WT) and its wake behave under near-neutral ABL conditions in complex terrain. The Perdigão Valley in Portugal was chosen as the test case as it is an excellent case study of three-dimensional flow in complex terrain to validate numerical simulations of WT wake with experimental data due to the availability of extensively deployed remote sensing equipment (e.g., German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Technical University of Denmark (DTU) multi-Doppler lidars). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) [1] model is utilized in large-eddy simulation (LES) mode in order to simulate the period of interest with a multi-scale modeling approach. Five nested domains, with the finest domain having a spatial resolution of 5 m, are used to dynamically downscale mesoscale flow features to microscale. A generalized actuator line (GAL) WT parameterization is used to model the wind turbine-flow interaction. WRF-LES-GAL (hereinafter referred to as WLG) results compare quite well with the experimental data obtained from lidars and meteorological mast, with minor biases between the simulated and observed data. Due to insufficient buoyancy generation from the WRF-LES model, the simulated track wake was found to have lower vertical deflection compared to the lidar data; hence, no recirculation zone is observed in the valley. Overall, the WLG model is able to reproduce the wake characteristics observed on the first ridge top into the valley, as well as the power and thrust generation, and can be used for further analysis of other stability conditions.