bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Loch Duart (NW Scotland, UK) since the Last Glacial Maximum: implications from a multiproxy approach
Authors: Taylor Jennifer , Selby David , Lloyd Jeremy M. , Podrecca Luca , Masterson Andrew L. , Sageman Bradley B. , Szidat Sönke 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTA sediment core from the salt marsh fringing Loch Duart, NW Scotland, UK, containing Lateglacial to Holocene sediments, was analysed using a multi‐element geochemical approach to elucidate the relative sea level (RSL) and palaeoenvironmental changes associated with the deglaciation of the British and Irish Ice Sheet. Elemental and isotopic measurements of rhenium, osmium, carbon and nitrogen, X‐ray fluorescence scanning, radiocarbon dating, and foraminiferal analysis produced a suite of data that complements the existing biostratigraphic framework. This suite of bio‐, litho‐ and chemostratigraphic analyses permits discussion of RSL changes that reflect the interplay between post‐glacial eustatic rise and glacio‐isostatic adjustment. The osmium‐isotope (187Os/188Os) data, coupled with a new age–depth model, depict an RSL fall between 16.8 and 14.1 ka cal
bp at an average rate of 2 mm a−1. Falling RSL culminates in basin isolation and is followed by subsequent marine inundation from 11.6 ka cal
bp. This RSL record preserves the local interaction between glacial isostatic adjustment and glacio‐eustatic sea‐level change, a relationship that is reflected in the sediment's 187Os/188Os signature. This is the first known application of the osmium isotope system in an isolation basin that is shown to be a viable proxy for RSL change, a technique that could be applied to glacially influenced isolation basins globally.
Relation between quantitative descriptive analysis and textural analysis of boiled plantain
Authors: Newilah Gérard Ngoh , Kendine Vepowo Cédric , Ngouno Annie Takam , Kamgo Dallonnes Fangueng , Nzimi Raymonde Nya , Tembe Jonas Tembe , Ngombi Eric Ngombi , Gouado Inocent , Deuscher Zoé , Bouniol Alexandre , Ayetigbo Oluwatoyin , Dufour Dominique 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInadequate consideration of textural quality in conventional breeding pipelines of plantains (from breeders to end‐users) results in limited impact. Knowledge of the textural quality characteristics of boiled plantain, as preferred by end‐users, could help improve the adoption of new clones when these traits are selected for breeding. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between instrumental and sensory texture attributes of boiled plantain genotypes. Consumer testing (Just About Right and Check All That Apply tests), sensory quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) and penetrometry were conducted with nine accessions: three landraces and six plantain‐like bred hybrids.RESULTSLandraces were considered just‐about‐right by more than 45% of people for all the sensory attributes (humidity, sweetness, color and firmness), described by characteristics such as smooth on sight, attractive, mealy, firm, plantain taste and yellow. Color and firmness were the most highly scored attributes by panelists for the landraces. Penetrometry discriminated among genotypes better than TPA. Hardness, gumminess, resilience and chewiness were the most discriminatory attributes for TPA, whereas hardness and area under the curve were the most discriminatory attributes for penetrometry. No correlation was found between penetrometry and sensory texture of boiled plantain. For TPA, negative correlations were found between sensory humidity and hardness, as well as between sensory firmness and resilience, whereas a positive correlation was found between resilience and sensory humidity.CONCLUSIONCombining QDA and texture measurements can make the selection of plantain hybrids more effective and improve the adoption of new varieties. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Polycarbonate‐coated magnetic nanoparticles for the extraction of imipramine and its primary metabolite from urine
Authors: Sattari Dabbagh Masoumeh , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Pirmohamadlou Alireza , Manafi Khoshmanesh Sara , Hamishehkar Hamed 
Published: September 2023

This study introduces a reliable and inexpensive magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction to extract imipramine and its primary metabolite (desipramine) from urine samples. To accomplish this aim, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication, subsequently, polycarbonate was precipitated gradually onto the surface of them to form the adsorbent. Extraction recoveries of 85% and 76%, enrichment factors of 57 and 51, limits of detection of 2.5 and 2.8 μg/L, and limits of quantification of 8.3 and 9.3 μg/L were obtained for imipramine and desipramine under the optimal conditions, respectively. In addition, relative standard deviations for intra‐ (n = 6) and inter‐day (n = 5) precisions at two concentrations (50 and 100 μg/L of each analyte) were less than or equal to 4%. Short extraction time, good repeatability, high enrichment factors, and simplicity are the main advantages of the proposed method.
Alfalfa–organic amendments impact soil carbon sequestration and its lability in reclaimed loess
Authors: Yelikbayev B. K. , Pagano M. C. , Mamedov A. I. , Islam K. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoils derived from loess are fertile but susceptible to accelerated degradation in response to agricultural practices. The objective of our study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) integrated with contrasting organic amendments (29 years) to rejuvenate degraded loess via total soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The replicated study was conducted in concrete lysimeter plots (2 m long × 1 m wide × 60 cm deep) filled with degraded loess materials followed by planting of alfalfa with cattle manure (60 Mg/ha) or vermicompost (27 Mg/ha) amendments. After 29 years, SOC concentration increased by 5.3–6.2‐fold under alfalfa–organic amendments compared to the control. A similar impact of alfalfa–organic amendments was observed on the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin concentrations. There was an overestimation of SOC stocks (151 ± 48 kg/ha) when equivalent depth was used compared to equivalent mass of soil. While the SOC sequestration rates were 614 ± 129, 710 ± 69, and 744 ± 161 kg/ha/year at 0–10 cm depth under alfalfa, alfalfa–manure, and alfalfa–vermicompost treatments, respectively, the SOC sequestration rates decreased with depth. Significantly higher values of carbon pool index (CPI) and carbon management index (CMI) under alfalfa–organic amendments justified our results associated with the SOC sequestration; however, the SOC lability (CL) decreased under alfalfa–organic amendments, when compared to the control. A significant nonlinear inverse relationship (R2 = 0.80) between the CPI and CL suggested that SOC sequestration is significantly dependent on its lability or vice versa. Our results suggested that the impact of alfalfa–organic amendments significantly rejuvenated the degraded loess soils via SOC sequestration.
Ultra‐Low Loss SiN Edge Coupler for III‐V/SiN Hybrid Integration
Authors: He An , Cui Yiou , Xiang Jinlong , Wei Wenqi , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilicon photonics is becoming a competitive technology to settle the issues of power and speed in data centers and computing systems. However, the absence of an on‐chip light source restricts the wide and deep application of silicon photonics. Essentially, efficient edge coupling from a Si‐based III‐V laser to silicon photonic components remains the major obstacle for on‐chip integration. Here, two compact edge couplers with ultra‐low coupling loss and eased fabrication for the light transmission from a Si‐based III‐V laser to Si3N4 waveguide are realized. An ultra‐low laser‐to‐chip coupling loss of only 1.175 dB for the butt coupling of a Si‐based InAs QD laser is experimentally demonstrated with high alignment tolerance. The strategies presented here provide a competitive solution for realizing ultra‐efficient integration of Si‐based light sources and silicon photonic components.
It's the smallness that counts: Consumer preferences for small versus large companies' products
Authors: Uzdavinyte Elze , Baršytė Justina , Kaminskiene Zivile 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious research has repeatedly suggested that small (vs. large) companies have a higher appeal to consumers, yet the underlying mechanisms explaining why such an effect occurs remain understudied. Through four experiments, we show that company size cues affect consumer preferences; products originating from small companies are perceived to be healthier than those from large companies, with a downstream positive effect on willingness to buy. Specifically, small (vs. large) company size cues increase the perception of product safety, in turn increasing the perception of product healthiness. This effect is more pronounced for individuals who are more sensitive to safety signals, scoring high on sensitivity to pathogen disgust. Our findings provide managerially relevant insights and show that additional safety‐related signals have the potential to counteract this seemingly inherent disadvantage for large companies.
The Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in the Occurrence and Progression of Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Hui Yueqing , Zhao Jin , Yu Zixian , Wang Yuwei , Qin Yunlong , Zhang Yumeng , Xing Yan , Han Mei , Wang Anjing , Guo Shuxian , Yuan Jinguo , Zhao Yueru , Ning Xiaoxuan , Sun Shiren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common kidney diseases in clinics with high morbidity and mortality, but their pathogenesis is intricate. Tryptophan (Trp) is a fundamental amino acid for humans, and its metabolism produces various bioactive substances involved in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. Metabolomic studies manifest that Trp metabolites like kynurenine (KYN), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), and indoxyl sulfate (IS) increase in AKI or CKD and act as biomarkers that facilitate the early identification of diseases. Meanwhile, KYN and IS act as ligands to exacerbate kidney damage by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signal transduction. The reduction of renal function can cause the accumulation of Trp metabolites which in turn accelerate the progression of AKI or CKD. Besides, gut dysbiosis induces the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae family to produce excessive IS, which cannot be excreted due to the deterioration of renal function. The application of Trp metabolism as a target in AKI and CKD will also be elaborated. Thus, this study aims to elucidate Trp metabolism in the development of AKI and CKD, and explores the relative treatment strategies by targeting Trp from the perspective of metabolomics to provide a reference for their diagnosis and prevention.
The complexity of patient adherence in orthopaedics: A qualitative study to identify barriers and develop strategies for adherence partnerships
Authors: Rucinski Kylee , Cook James L. , Royse Lisa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhile the importance of patient adherence to treatment protocols is firmly accepted, a definition for adherence and mechanisms to address non‐adherence are not well established. The goals of this study were to define adherence and identify barriers and enablers for adherence partnerships through the lens of the orthopaedic healthcare team.MethodsThe qualitative study was designed using concepts from grounded theory.Eight focus groups, comprised of orthopaedic healthcare team members, were conducted to identify factors influencing orthopaedic patient adherence to treatment plans.ResultsHealthcare team members identified a range of factors affecting patient adherence. Participants conveyed that patient non‐adherence can be a deliberate decision but can also result from barriers faced by the patient. Synthesis of themes identified distinct phases of adherence and culminated in the creation of a preliminary model that encapsulates healthcare team and patient factors impacting adherence, which was entitled, The Barriers and Enablers to Treatment Adherence (BETA) Model.ConclusionThe study findings alleviate the patient from the sole burden of adherence, recognising the influences that the healthcare team and system have on patients' ability to adhere. The BETA model of patient adherence represents the first step to mitigating non‐adherence by providing a foundation for programmatic research aimed at developing and evaluating interventions and management strategies that empower healthcare teams to effectively equip patients for adherence, leading to optimised patient outcomes following orthopaedic interventions.
Estimates of adult Lake Trout mortality from coded wire tags in a population with developing natural reproduction in southern Lake Michigan
Authors: Clark Richard D. , Ebener Mark P. , Bence James R. , Kornis Matthew S. , Bronte Charles R. , Treska Theodore J. , Jonas Jory L. , Madenjian Charles P. , Tsehaye Iyob W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Overfishing and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus predation led to extirpation of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Michigan in the 1950s. Large populations of hatchery-reared fish were developed by the 1970s, but natural reproduction was limited until the early 2000s when it began to increase in the southern main basin. Hypothesizing that the relatively low mortality of spawning-aged fish contributed to this reproductive success, we estimated the total annual mortality rate for this population.

Methods
We used catch curves to estimate the total instantaneous mortality rate Z using coded wire tags, which provided definitive ages. We made separate estimates from fish collected in three on-going surveys: a spring gill-net survey, a fall gill-net spawning survey, and a sport fishery survey.

Result
Our estimates of Z ± SE were 0.297 ± 0.019, 0.239 ± 0.009, and 0.205 ± 0.007 for the spring, spawning, and sport fishery surveys, respectively. We suggest that the mean Z ± SE of all survey estimates of 0.247 ± 0.027 would be a reasonable estimate for this population, which equates to a total annual mortality of 22 ± 3%. This estimate is in the low range of rates reported for the species and is in the same range as other populations in the Great Lakes with well-established natural reproduction.

Conclusion
We concluded that these low total mortality rates contributed to the reproductive success in southern Lake Michigan through increasing spawning stock density and age structure and that previous estimates of another important population parameter, the instantaneous natural mortality rate M, were too high. Estimates of M ranged from 0.210 to 0.240 and were based on the Pauly equation, a growth- and temperature-based estimator. We suggest maximum-age-based estimators of M are more appropriate for Lake Trout. Several alternative maximum-age-based estimators produced estimates for M of 0.132–0.058, all of which are more compatible with our estimate of Z.
Overweight and obesity are associated with better survival inSTEMIpatients with diabetes
Authors: Chaudhry Hamza , Bodair Ramez , Mahfoud Ziyad , Dargham Soha , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Jneid Hani , Abi Khalil Charbel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between obesity and in‐hospital outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who develop an ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was assessed.MethodsData from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed. Patients with STEMI and T2DM were classified as being underweight or having normal weight, overweight, obesity, and severe obesity. The temporal trend of those BMI ranges and in‐hospital outcomes among different obesity groups were assessed.ResultsA total of 74,099 patients with T2DM and STEMI were included in this analysis. In 2008, 35.8% of patients had obesity, and 37.3% had severe obesity. However, patients with obesity accounted for most of the study population in 2017 (57.8%). During the observation period, mortality decreased in underweight patients from 18.1% to 13.2% (p < 0.001). Still, it gradually increased in all other BMI ranges, along with cardiogenic shock, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation (p < 0.001 for all). After the combination of all patients during the observation period, mortality was lower in patients with overweight and obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.625 [95% CI 0.499–0.784]; 0.606 [95% CI 0.502–0.733], respectively).ConclusionsA U‐shaped association governs the relationship between BMI and mortality in STEMI patients with diabetes, with those having overweight and obesity experiencing better survival.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in the Follow‐up of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Schepens Emma J.A. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Karssemakers Luc H.E. , van den Broek Daan , van den Brekel Michiel. W.M. , Lopez‐Yurda Marta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveto determine if the tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC‐Ag) observed over time may contribute to the early detection of recurrence, metastasis, and second primary tumors in the follow‐up of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignA retrospective analysis of patients with HNSCC and at least one SCC‐Ag measurement was conducted. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to determine the correlation between SCC‐Ag and an event.Settingpatients with HNSCC, treated in the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital in The Netherlands between 2010 and 2020 were used for the analysis.MethodsData from 789 patients were used on event‐free survival (EFS) with time‐dependent Cox models. In addition to current (most recent) SCC‐Ag (also dichotomized into high and low as done for clinical practice), average SCC‐Ag and change between SCC‐Ag measurements (delta SCC‐Ag) were considered, using restricted cubic splines to explore nonlinear relationships.ResultsDichotomized SCC‐Ag values (HR = 3.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17‐4.18) and the delta SCC‐Ag (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.22) predicted EFS better than models using the cumulative average or current value of SCC‐Ag, also after adjusting for tumor site, stage, age, and gender. A strong association was observed when using delta SCC‐Ag as a linear predictor in the subgroup of oropharynx patients (HR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.71‐8.79).ConclusionDichotomized and delta SCC‐Ag values can be important markers for EFS, during the follow‐up of patients treated for HNSCC. These results were more evident in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.
Dimension effect on thermal conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride/titanium dioxide reinforced hybrid PEEK composites developed with a scalable compounding approach
Authors: Gul Saher , Arican Selin , Cansever Murat , Yildiz Mehmet , Saner Okan Burcu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor the removal of elevated thermal flux in high‐temperature applications, there is an urgent need for robust and lightweight thermally conductive thermoplastic materials with suitable mechanical integrity. In current work, multiscale hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) fillers are integrated into polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer to create a synergistic effect regarding thermal conductivity. An optimized twin‐screw extrusion is utilized to disperse the fillers uniformly in the host polymer by changing the screw design in terms of kneading, mixing, and reverse elements, feeding zones of the fillers/polymer, and the feeding cycles. Various specimens were developed by systematically varying the relative filler amount of the thermally anisotropic hBN and the thermally isotropic TiO2, while the total filler content was fixed to 60 wt%. As a result, 50B‐10T composite exhibited an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 8.195 W/(m.K), with a 3139% enhancement compared to unfilled PEEK. Moreover, as the PEEK‐mediated regions are occupied with nano‐sized TiO2, efficient channels for phonon transport are formed between hybrid fillers, and the through‐plane thermal conductivity reached 1.704 W/(m.K) in 50B‐10T sample. The potential application of prepared composites as a heat spreader is demonstrated by monitoring surface temperature distribution and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, we achieved a synchronous improvement in mechanical stiffness within hybrid composites; and failure mechanisms including crack bridging at TiO2‐PEEK interface, and debonding at hBN‐PEEK interface are observed in hybrid composites. Lastly, the high thermal stability makes the PEEK/hBN/TiO2 specimens suitable for heat dissipation in demanding applications in the energy and aerospace sectors.Highlights
Bespoke screw design developed for scalable manufacturing of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix composites reinforced with Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) via twin‐screw melt compounding.
Interconnected 3D filler networks were achieved due to the filler dimension effect, allowing us to reach an ultrahigh in‐plane thermal conductivity value of 8.2 W/(m.K) and through‐plane thermal conductivity value of 1.7 W/(m.K) for 50B‐10T specimen.
Manufactured hybrid PEEK/hBN/TiO2 composite specimens possess excellent mechanical stiffness.
Coaxially oriented PVDF/MWCNT nanofibers as a high‐performance piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Sharafkhani Sobhan , Kokabi Mehrdad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractControlling the orientation of the carbon nanotubes inside a polymer matrix essentially improves their reinforcement effect even at small loading levels, which is attractive from the processing point of view. We inform the utilization of electrospinning to produce highly aligned small‐diameter polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers where the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are coaxially aligned inside the PVDF nanofibers. The coaxially aligned MWCNTs arrange large numbers of contact sites with the polymer chains, thereby providing enhanced interfacial interactions, resulting in the superior effect of the MWCNTs on the crystalline structure and actuator response of the PVDF at low loading levels (0.06 wt.%). An effective α‐ to β‐phase conversion occurred through the synergistic effects of the electrospinning and MWCNTs, the β‐phase content reached 94%. Also, the degree of crystallinity increased up to 50% respecting the pure nanofibers. The bending actuation of the nanofibers was analyzed as the active layer of soft piezoelectric actuators in a unimorph configuration. The well‐aligned nanofibers showed better actuator deflection than the randomly oriented nanofibers. Comparing the PVDF nanofiber‐based actuators in the literature, our actuators exhibited excellent piezoelectric performance with high potential for practical applications.Highlights
Highly aligned small‐diameter PVDF/CNT nanofibers produced by electrospinning.
Axially aligned CNTs induce a great piezoelectric effect at low‐loading levels.
The F(β) was 94%, and the crystallinity increased by 50% at only 0.06 wt% CNTs.
Well‐aligned nanofibers showed better actuator response than the random ones.
The soft actuators showed a higher performance than those in the literature.