bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jin Jing , Guo Bei , Zhang Wei , Chen Jian‐jun , Deng Yu‐qing , Xiang Rong , Tan Lu , Liu Pei‐qiang , Zheng Li , Chen Zhe , Tao Ze‐zhang , Xu Yu 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the value of secretions Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) detection in the diagnosis of endotypes of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its correlation with clinical symptoms, so as to provide guidance for the clinical application of EOS and ECP detection in secretions.MethodsPatients' nasal secretions and polyps (or middle turbinate for control) were collected and their EOS% and ECP levels were measured. Correlation analysis was performed for EOS% and ECP levels in secretions and tissues, respectively. The correlation between secretions EOS% and ECP and clinical symptom scores (symptomatic visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Lanza‐kennedy scores from nasal endoscopy and Lund‐Mackay scores from sinus CT) was further analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive potential of EOS% and ECP in nasal secretions.ResultsEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients had higher concentrations of ECP in nasal secretions than healthy subjects and NECRS (non‐eosinophilic CRS) (p < 0.0001;0.0001); EOS% in nasal secretions was higher in ECRS than healthy subjects (p = 0.0055), but the differences between ECRS and NECRS were not statistically significant (p = 0.0999). Correlation analysis showed that tissue EOS% was correlated with ECP concentration and EOS% in nasal secretions (R = 0.5943;0.2815). There was a correlation between EOS% in secretions with a total LM score (R = 0.3131); ECP concentration in secretions with a total LK score (R = 0.3792). To diagnose ECRS, the highest area under the curve (0.8230) was determined for ECP in secretions; the highest area under the curve (0.6635) was determined for EOS% in secretions.ConclusionMeasurement of ECP in nasal secretions is useful for non‐invasive diagnosis of ECRS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3304–3312, 2023
Eosinophil Peroxidase: A Biomarker for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Agnostic of Polyp Status
Authors: Idler Beau M. , Iijima Koji , Ochkur Sergei I. , Jacobsen Elizabeth A. , Rank Matthew A. , Kita Hirohito , Lal Devyani 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) as a biomarker for tissue levels of eosinophilia, cytokines, and chemokines within chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsTwenty‐eight subjects undergoing sinonasal surgery were prospectively enrolled. Ethmoid tissue was analyzed with an in‐house EPX immunoassay and a 48‐plex cytokine‐chemokine array. Clinical severity was assessed using SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Mackay scores. Subjects were grouped as follows: controls, polyp status (CRS with [CRSwNP] and without nasal polyps [CRSsNP]), tissue eosinophilia (eosinophilic CRS [eCRS], non‐eosinophilic CRS [neCRS]), or combinations thereof (eCRSwNP, eCRSsNP, neCRSsNP). eCRS was defined as >10 eosinophils per high power field (HPF). Subjects without CRS or asthma were enrolled as controls.ResultsEPX was elevated in CRSwNP compared to control (p = 0.007), in eCRS compared to neCRS (p = 0.002), and in eCRSwNP along with eCRSsNP compared to neCRSsNP (p = 0.023, p = 0.015, respectively). eCRS displayed elevated IL‐5 compared to neCRS (p = 0.005). No significant differences in EPX or IL‐5 were observed between eCRSwNP and eCRSsNP. IL‐5 was elevated in eCRSwNP (p = 0.019) compared neCRSsNP. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.938 (95% CI, 0.835–1.00) for EPX and tissue eosinophilia, with an optimal cut‐point of 470 ng/mL being 100% specific and 81.25% sensitive for tissue eosinophilia. Linear regression revealed a strong correlation between EPX and IL‐5 (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001). Comparing EPX and IL‐5, only EPX displayed significant correlation with SNOT‐22 (p = 0.04) and Lund‐Mackay score (p = 0.004).ConclusionEPX is associated with tissue eosinophilia in CRS patients regardless of polyp status. EPX correlates with IL‐5 and could be potentially considered a biomarker for anti‐IL‐5 therapies.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:69–78, 2024
Pharyngeal Squeeze Maneuver During Endoscopy—What Does it Tell Us?
Authors: Miles Anna , Hunting Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesDiminished pharyngeal constriction is a common biomechanical deficit associated with dysphagia and holds strong predictive value for aspiration. Pharyngeal squeeze manoeuvre (PSM) was previously validated for evaluating pharyngeal constriction on endoscopy. However, PSM is not routinely used in laryngology clinics or flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) protocols worldwide. This study explored PSM in the acute care setting and its relationship with swallowing safety and efficiency, other swallowing biomechanical functions, and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis prospective observational study consented 222 consecutive inpatients of mixed aetiology who were receiving FEES as part of their standard care. Established FEES protocols were performed including assessment of secretion accumulation, urge‐to‐clear ratings, laryngeal motor, and sensory functional tests, PSM, as well as aspiration, and residue during oral trials. Swallow frequency and cough peak flow were also collected as well as clinical outcomes at discharge.ResultsPSM was impaired in 46% of the patients. Accumulated secretions, penetration‐aspiration, and post‐swallow residue were frequent and correlated with abnormal PSM (p < 0.05). PSM was reliable and agreed with pharyngeal constriction ratio on videofluoroscopy in all 15 patients who had both assessments within 72 h. Abnormal PSM correlated with vocal cord immobility, reduced peak cough flow, and reduced swallow frequency (p < 0.05). Abnormal PSM predicted restricted diet on hospital discharge with an odds ratio of 10.38.ConclusionsPSM is a quick and simple addition to an endoscopic evaluation and has the potential to predict likelihood of impaired swallow safety and efficiency as well as clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3429–3435, 2023
Screening of new native metallophytes from copper abandoned mining site: Promising tool for phytoremediation
Authors: Midhat Laila , Ouazzani Naaila , Aziz Faissal , Esshaimi Mouhsine , Hejjaj Abdessamed , Mandi Laila 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA field survey on abandoned mining site ‘Bir Nehass‐Morocco’ was conducted to identify new native metallophytes as a promising tool for phytoremediation. The spatial distribution of metals in tailings and mining soils was investigated and metal accumulation in plant tissues was analyzed and compared. The results indicated that the studied area was polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd Cadmium with maximum values of 2892, 27868.3, 6982 and 63.03 mg.kg−1, respectively, which are higher than background levels for agricultural soils. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd decreased with the distance from the mine tailings. Thirteen species (11 families) were identified and mainly native and therophyte plants. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed among the average concentrations of metals in plant tissues and most values exceeded the normal concentration range. Based on the comparative analysis of heavy metals content, translocation and bioconcentration factors in plants, Aizoon canariense L, Hirschfeldia incana (L.) L. Fossat, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader and Peganum harmala L had a high accumulation ability and showed a remarkable phytoremediation potential which could be identified as promising candidates for phytoremediation techniques.
Multi‐functional characteristics of artificial forests of Caragana korshinskii Kom with different plantation ages in the hilly and sandy area of Northwest Shanxi, China
Authors: Gou Qianqian , Gao Min , Wang Guohua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo explore the multi‐functional characteristics of an artificial Caragana korshinskii ecosystem with different plantation ages, we assessed the differences in ecosystem multi‐functionality, the main influencing factors, and recovery dynamics over 6, 12, 18, 40, and 50 years. The results showed a binomial correlation between planting age and regulatory function (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.459), and a significant linear positive correlation between the multi‐functionality index and supporting and provisioning services. Meanwhile, a significant trinomial correlation was observed among planting age, nutrient transformation, and nutrient cycle (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.754), whereas a linear positive correlation (p < 0.05) was detected between plantation age and plant nutrient uptake, soil fertility, maintenance of plant diversity, aboveground primary productivity, and ecosystem multi‐functionality. The multi‐functionality index was significantly positively correlated with plant nutrient uptake, soil fertility, maintenance of plant diversity, and aboveground primary productivity. Plant diversity maintenance, aboveground primary productivity, and water conservation all had significant effects on the multi‐functionality index. The ecosystem multi‐functionality of C. korshinskii forests significantly increased with the increase of plantation age, and C. korshinskii establishment considerably improved plant nutrient uptake, soil fertility, maintenance of plant diversity, aboveground primary productivity, and ecosystem multi‐functionality. The water conservation function of the ecosystem peaked 12 years after planting C. korshinskii, and considerably decreased 40 years after planting, indicating that the limiting factors must be accounted for when evaluating ecosystem multi‐functionality in arid and semi‐arid areas.
The nurses' touch: An irreplaceable component of caring
Authors: Pepito Joseph Andrew T. , Babate Faustino Jerome G. , Dator Wireen Leila T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTouch is an integral part of human interaction. Health care makes significant use of touch, and for most healthcare professionals, it is indispensable to their practice. An essential and inevitable facet of the nursing profession is the touching of patients during the provision of care. Unfortunately, touch is seldom considered in the nursing framework today.AimsTo emphasize the importance of touch in contemporary nursing practice in a highly technological environment.Materials and methodsA search was conducted on February–May 2022. The initial search identified 84 articles and the final analysis included 38 articles that met the inclusion criteria (touch; touch in health care; touch and nursing; touch and technology; nursing and technology; nursing and caring; touch and caring).ResultsThe nurses' touch will always be an irreplaceable component of caring in nursing.DiscussionThere can be no substitute to the expressive touch of a nurse. As the technological revolution in nursing is inevitable, it is imperative that nurses consider how much these technologies impact the nurse–patient relationships.ConclusionThe study emphasized the importance of touch in contemporary nursing practice. The study found that the nurses' touch will always be an irreplaceable component of caring in nursing. The finding will have an impact on nurses and patients situated in highly technological healthcare environments.
Severity of acute lung injury in aspiration pneumonia model mice transplanted with human oral microflora
Authors: Hayashi Manami , Mori Mina , Itsumi Momoe , Nakamura Natsuno , Takaki Takashi , Onoyama Kaoru , Fukamachi Haruka , Kurosawa Mie , Morisaki Hirobumi , Funatsu Takahiro , Myers Mie , Iijima Takehiko , Kuwata Hirotaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhen the microflora balance becomes disturbed, referred to as “dysbiosis,” immune homeostasis is altered, triggering various diseases. In the oral cavity, it is also becoming evident that dysbiosis can act as a stimulus for various systemic diseases. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when oral microflora enters the lungs of elderly individuals. Aspiration pneumonia is highly lethal and intractable; thus, a detailed understanding of the interaction between the microflora and lung immunity is essential to establish the optimal treatment.MethodsHuman oral microflora‐associated mice (HOMA) were created by transplanting human oral commensal microflora into germ‐free mice. Then, the effects of oral microflora were analyzed on lung immunity and systemic conditions of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS).ResultsThe microflora in HOMA was in a state of dysbiosis. Furthermore, the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs during septic conditions was more significant in HOMA. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) increased considerably in HOMA during ALI/ARDS. Simultaneously, the tissue distribution of lung macrophages in HOMA decreased more significantly in alveolar macrophages than in tissue macrophages. Finally, we found that microbial compositions in the lungs during ALI/ARDS were only a single or a small number of species, as in aspiration pneumonia in humans.ConclusionSystemic inflammation and lung tissue damage were observed more significantly in HOMA during ALI/ARDS, suggesting that dysbiosis has a synergistic effect with septic shock, resulting in severe injury. Thus, oral and systemic dysbiosis may be a potential target for treating aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.
Experimental and numerical studies on damage and failure behavior of anisotropic ductile metals
Authors: Koirala Sanjeev , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with experiments and numerical simulations of the biaxially loaded H‐specimen to study the damage and failure in anisotropic ductile metals. The deformation and failure behavior of anisotropic ductile metals depend both on load ratio and loading direction with respect to the rolling direction. Experiments focusing on shear‐compression stress states have been performed and digital image correlation (DIC) is used to monitor the strain fields. Numerical simulations based on the Hill48 anisotropic yield criterion are used to predict the stress states of the investigated anisotropic aluminum alloy EN AW‐2017A. The fractured surfaces are visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental‐numerical technique clearly shows the influence of loading direction and the stress state on the evolution of damage processes.
Comparing of the analytical investigation with the FEM simulation for minimizing the total radiated sound from a vibrating plate
Authors: Hajilou Mehran , Sachau Delf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA theoretical model comprising Active‐Noise‐Control (ANC) systems is created to minimize interfering primary sound radiated from a vibrating simply supported plate with the destructive secondary sound radiated from loudspeakers. In this paper, a global noise reduction at low frequencies is achieved with local control of secondary sources while the most previous studies have already focused on a control of the sound pressure field over a large number of distributed microphones. The ANC systems are placed close to the primary noise. An optimal solution which is assigned to each loudspeaker is derived analytically in terms of the estimated active sound intensities in front of the loudspeakers. In addition, the model is investigated with the Finite‐Element‐Method (FEM). COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate the residual sound field by feeding the loudspeakers with the optimal solutions. The analytical results are compared with those results obtained from the FEM simulation. This study proofs the effectiveness of an ANC system and derives the optimal position and the required number of secondary sources to minimize the total radiated sound from a vibrating plate.
Uncertainty estimation using Gaussian error propagation in metal forming process simulation
Authors: Dileep Pranav Kumar , Hartmann Stefan , Javadi Mehrdad , Palkowski Heinz , Fischer Tobias , Ziegmann Gerhard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ease of estimating the uncertainties of numerical simulations in metal forming is of particular interest. This uncertainty arises from, for example, material parameter identification, geometric dimensions, external loads, and contact conditions. In this paper, we aim to address this issue with the extension to geometric influences, and boundary as well as friction conditions. The uncertainty quantification from material parameter identification – here, in terms of sensitivities of the resulting simulations based on the confidence interval of the parameters – is transferred from the literature and the individual proportions are quantified and compared, respectively. For material parameter identification, experiments on steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic are used and the confidence intervals are determined. Particularly in the case of sequential determination of the parameters, the uncertainties are estimated with the aid of Gaussian error propagation. This concept can also be transferred to geometric dimensions or loads. The application of numerical differentiation for the sensitivities within the Gaussian error propagation leads to a concept where the finite element program can be treated as a black‐box. Here, all uncertainties of the simulation results are obtained, leading to the result that geometric influences in the deep drawing process used as well as the friction coefficient have the largest effect. This provides a very simple procedure for the uncertainty quantification of all individual influencing variables in any finite element simulation.
A thermodynamically consistent anisotropic damage model for metallic glasses
Authors: Shi Jianye , Ma Songyun , Markert Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe recent success in manufacturing large‐size, also called bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) using 3D‐printing based on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) opens an avenue for the broad application of this material class. To explore the great potential of both as‐cast and 3D‐printed BMGs, a comprehensive understanding and an accurate prediction of the plastic deformation and damage behaviour of this material class are indispensable. In this study, we develop a thermodynamically consistent anisotropic damage model incorporating tension‐compression asymmetry (TCA) to describe the unique inelastic deformation and damage behaviours of metallic glasses. The widely observed normal stress sensitivity and plastic dilatancy in metallic glasses are considered by using an extended Mohr‐Coulomb criterion in the constitutive description. Furthermore, a second‐order damage tensor is adopted for describing the anisotropic damage behaviour. By augmenting the Helmholtz free energy function to be dependent on the gradient of the free volume concentration and the gradient of the nonlocal damage parameter, the governing equations for the corresponding internal variables are derived within the framework of finite deformation. The damage localisation and mesh dependency are correspondingly alleviated. The simulation result shows that the shear band patterns are in good agreement with the experimental observations from literature.
Application of state‐space models with frequency‐dependent uncertainty for efficient reliability analysis of complex structures
Authors: Urrea-Quintero Jorge-Humberto , Hirzinger Benjamin , Nackenhorst Udo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a commonly used framework to model uncertain dynamical systems and adapt it to propagate both parameters uncertainty and model mismatches through a dynamically excited railway bridge system. The approach considers the system inherent uncertainties in the frequency domain and leads to a significant reduction of the computational effort when performing an uncertainty quantification tasks. In an application example the proposed approach is utilized for efficient reliability analysis of the uncertain railway bridge system. The utilized technique allows for an efficient generation of structural responses, and thus enables a fast evaluation of failure probabilities by crude Monte Carlo sampling. Accuracy of the uncertain prediction model is ensured by comparing the failure probabilities with failure probability simulations based on a semi‐analytical Euler‐Bernoulli bridge beam model.
A multiscale study of the retention behavior and hydraulic anisotropy in deformable porous media
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad , Heider Yousef , Markert Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe following proceeding presents a multiscale approach to investigate the hydraulic anisotropy and retention behavior in porous materials involving deformation effects. Concerning the former, single‐phasic fluid flow simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are initially accomplished at the pore‐level geometry of Bentheimer sandstones provided by X‐ray microscopy at several degrees of compression to compute the intrinsic permeability. Due to the anisotropic nature of the Bentheimer sandstones, favored pore channels for fluid flow are witnessed within the domain. Therefore, it is important to understand the alteration of the preferred flow paths at each degree of compression. In this regard, we propose a new upscaling approach between the LBM and the macroscopic Theory of Porous Media (TPM) to accurately compute the macroscopic hydraulic structural tensor, which plays a crucial role in the calculation of the deformation‐dependent anisotropic specific permeability. As for the latter, the Shan‐Chen (SC) model of the LBM is applied at each strain level to model biphasic fluid flow via the unsaturated porous domain. Herein, the retention curves of the drainage and imbibition processes of each deformed state are computed. In turn, the comparison among the results shows the effect of variation of the strain degree on the retention behavior.
Application of radial basis functions in strain analysis of digital image correlation
Authors: Müller-Lohse Lutz , Tröger Jendrik-Alexander , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDigital image correlation systems provide the motion of material points on the surface of a specimen or a component. Commonly, local interpolation concepts are chosen to determine the in‐plane strains or principal stretches. However, this approach yields discontinuous fields. In this paper, a global interpolation concept, particular, radial basis functions is considered to determine the displacement and in‐plane strain field and to overcome the underlying problem of discontinuities. Since there might be boundary effects, i.e. there are larger errors in the approximation of the strains in comparison to analytical verification examples, multiquadric are applied as particular radial basis function. It turns out that the error becomes smaller at the edges of the domain of interest, although the condition number of the resulting systems of equations in the applied interpolation scheme, might be critical. However, the studies at additively manufactured parts lead to the conclusion that the approach is promising for real‐world applications.