bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fear that remains: Associations between trauma, related psychopathology, and fear‐potentiated startle in youth resettled as refugees
Authors: Grasser Lana Ruvolo , Saad Bassem , Bazzi Celine , Suhaiban Hiba Abu , Mammo Dalia F. , Izar Ragda , Rass Noor Abou , Winters Sterling J. , Nashef Raya , Ali Ayat Abed , Javanbakht Arash , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFear‐potentiated startle (FPS) can be used to measure fear and safety learning—behaviors affected by trauma that may map onto posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, FPS could be a candidate biomarker of trauma‐related psychopathology and a potential identifier of trauma‐exposed youth in need of focused treatment. We enrolled n = 71 (35 females, Mage = 12.7 years) Syrian youth exposed to civilian war trauma. Eyeblink electromyogram (EMG) data from a differential conditioning FPS paradigm were obtained 2.5 years after resettlement. Youth provided self‐report of trauma exposure (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) and PTSD symptoms (UCLA PTSD Reaction Index). While FPS during conditioning was not associated with symptoms, associations with psychopathology emerged in fear extinction. Probable PTSD was associated with FPS in the last block of extinction, such that FPS to threat cue was significantly greater in the PTSD+ group compared to the PTSD– group at the end of extinction (F = 6.25, p = .015). As with adults, we observed a deficit in extinction learning but not fear conditioning in youth with PTSD. These results support the use of trauma‐informed cognitive behavioral therapy based on the learning principles of extinction in youth with PTSD.
Density of predating Asian hornets at hives disturbs the 3D flight performance of honey bees and decreases predation success
Authors: Poidatz Juliette , Chiron Guillaume , Kennedy Peter , Osborne Juliet , Requier Fabrice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomated 3D image‐based tracking systems are new and promising devices to investigate the foraging behavior of flying animals with great accuracy and precision. 3D analyses can provide accurate assessments of flight performance in regard to speed, curvature, and hovering. However, there have been few applications of this technology in ecology, particularly for insects. We used this technology to analyze the behavioral interactions between the Western honey bee Apis mellifera and its invasive predator the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax. We investigated whether predation success could be affected by flight speed, flight curvature, and hovering of the Asian hornet and honey bees in front of one beehive. We recorded a total of 603,259 flight trajectories and 5175 predator–prey flight interactions leading to 126 successful predation events, representing 2.4% predation success. Flight speeds of hornets in front of hive entrances were much lower than that of their bee prey; in contrast to hovering capacity, while curvature range overlapped between the two species. There were large differences in speed, curvature, and hovering between the exit and entrance flights of honey bees. Interestingly, we found hornet density affected flight performance of both honey bees and hornets. Higher hornet density led to a decrease in the speed of honey bees leaving the hive, and an increase in the speed of honey bees entering the hive, together with more curved flight trajectories. These effects suggest some predator avoidance behavior by the bees. Higher honey bee flight curvature resulted in lower hornet predation success. Results showed an increase in predation success when hornet number increased up to 8 individuals, above which predation success decreased, likely due to competition among predators. Although based on a single colony, this study reveals interesting outcomes derived from the use of automated 3D tracking to derive accurate measures of individual behavior and behavioral interactions among flying species.
Emigration patterns of motile cryptofauna and their implications for trophic functioning in coral reefs
Authors: Wolfe Kennedy , Desbiens Amelia A. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatterns of movement of marine species can reflect strategies of reproduction and dispersal, species' interactions, trophodynamics, and susceptibility to change, and thus critically inform how we manage populations and ecosystems. On coral reefs, the density and diversity of metazoan taxa are greatest in dead coral and rubble, which are suggested to fuel food webs from the bottom up. Yet, biomass and secondary productivity in rubble is predominantly available in some of the smallest individuals, limiting how accessible this energy is to higher trophic levels. We address the bioavailability of motile coral reef cryptofauna based on small‐scale patterns of emigration in rubble. We deployed modified RUbble Biodiversity Samplers (RUBS) and emergence traps in a shallow rubble patch at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, to detect community‐level differences in the directional influx of motile cryptofauna under five habitat accessibility regimes. The mean density (0.13–4.5 ind cm−3) and biomass (0.14–5.2 mg cm−3) of cryptofauna were high and varied depending on microhabitat accessibility. Emergent zooplankton represented a distinct community (dominated by the Appendicularia and Calanoida) with the lowest density and biomass, indicating constraints on nocturnal resource availability. Mean cryptofauna density and biomass were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was blocked, driven by the rapid proliferation of small harpacticoid copepods from the rubble surface, leading to trophic simplification. Individuals with high biomass (e.g., decapods, gobies, and echinoderms) were greatest when interstitial access within rubble was unrestricted. Treatments with a closed rubble surface did not differ from those completely open, suggesting that top‐down predation does not diminish rubble‐derived resources. Our results show that conspecific cues and species' interactions (e.g., competition and predation) within rubble are most critical in shaping ecological outcomes within the cryptobiome. These findings have implications for prey accessibility through trophic and community size structuring in rubble, which may become increasingly relevant as benthic reef complexity shifts in the Anthropocene.
Inflammatory biomarkers in assessing severity and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated cardiotoxicity
Authors: Liang Lin , Cui Chanjuan , Lv Dan , Li Yiqun , Huang Liyan , Feng Jiayu , An Tao , Tian Pengchao , Yang Ke , Hu Linjun , Gao Lizhen , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yuhui , Ma Fei , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsInflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratio (NER), may predict outcomes in cancer. However, their value in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity remains elusive. We aimed to characterize the relationship of inflammatory markers with severity of ICI‐related cardiotoxicities (iRCs) and prognosis among patients with iRCs.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with iRCs between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled and were dichotomized based on iRC severity into low‐grade (grade 1–2) vs. high‐grade (grade 3–4) groups.ResultsForty‐seven patients were included. The median time‐to‐event from first ICI infusion to onset of iRCs was 35 days (IQR: 19.0–65.5 days). When compared with respective baseline values, cardiac biomarkers and inflammatory markers were significantly elevated at onset of iRCs. Compared with low‐grade iRCs, NER at iRC onset was significantly increased among patients with high‐grade iRCs (Group × Time, P < 0.01). When grouped by the median NER (184.33) at iRC onset, NER ≥ 184.33 was associated with high‐grade iRCs (OR: 10.77, P < 0.05) and had a 36.3% increased mortality compared to the lower NER group (HR: 2.67, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients who develop iRCs, NER is significantly elevated at iRC onset, and higher NER correlates with greater iRC severity and higher mortality. Larger datasets are needed to validate these findings.
Association between lactate/albumin ratio and mortality in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Ke , Wu Bingyuan , Lin Wanwen , Chen Simin , Xu Xiaochun , Peng Chaoquan , Xie Dongmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsLactate/albumin ratio (L/A) is a recognized prognostic index of patients with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of L/A ratio in predicting in‐hospital mortality for those patients.Methods and resultsWe enrolled qualified patients from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database for retrospective study. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the subjects was applied to determine the predicted value and the best cut‐off value of L/A on admission. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were performed to identify the association between hospital admission and hospital mortality. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method was used to draw the survival curve of the two groups with different L/A levels at admission. L/A values at admission were significantly higher in the death groups than the survival groups [1.36 (1.20) vs. 0.62 (0.36), P < 0.05], and area under the ROC curve [0.780 (95% confidence interval, 0.772–0.827)] was better than other indicators, and the best the cut‐off value was 0.671. Data of Cox regression analysis showed that higher L/A value supposed to be an independent risk factor for in‐hospital mortality. RCS analysis showed evidence of an increasing trend and a non‐linear relationship between L/A and in‐hospital mortality (P value was non‐linear <0.05). KM survival curves were significantly lower in the high L/A group than the low L/A group (P < 0.001), and the former group had an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality compared with the latter one (log rank P < 0.001).ConclusionsElevated L/A ratio on admission is an independent predictor of high in‐hospital mortality in post‐MI heart failure patients, which proved to be better than lactate, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and other related indicators.
Design and Synthesis of Linearly Fused Triquinanes through Tandem‐Metathesis: Access to Basic Core of Cucumin, Capnellene, Chondrosterin, and Xeromphalinone
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Reddy Keesari Ramakrishna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, a short synthetic approach to linearly fused tricyclic enone 1 and cis‐anti‐cis type hydroxy‐triquinane 2 has been described in an efficient manner by employing tandem‐metathesis as a key step. The triquinane‐based enone 1 is prepared by a Babler–Dauben oxidation of hydroxy‐triquinane 2, which is assembled by following a three‐step sequence involving a regio‐ and stereoselective allylation, vinyl Grignard addition, and tandem‐metathesis. Our strategy relies on exo‐tricyclic ketone, which is derived from readily available exo‐dicyclopentadiene‐1‐one. The newly synthesized molecules were identified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. It is worth mentioning that tricyclic enone 1 is present as a core unit of many naturally occurring polyquinanes, particularly xeromphalinone family members. Hence, our approach may be useful in the synthesis of such bioactive molecules.
Effects of pre‐treated sludge on sludge stabilization and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Demir Özlem , Gümüş Elif 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, based on the advantage of having high organic content of sludge both sludge treatment and electricity generation in the microbial fuel cell were investigated. The hydrolysis step of anaerobic digestion which is known as rate‐limiting step was tried to accelerate with the pre‐treatment methods such as Fenton and thermal/alkaline for sludge stabilization in the microbial fuel cell. The chemical oxygen demand and organic matter removal were 53% and 64% in the anaerobic chamber of the microbial fuel cell fed with raw sludge, respectively. In the microbial fuel cell fed with pre‐treated sludge using Fenton Process, these removal efficiencies were found to be 59% and 60%, respectively, while in thermal/alkaline microbial fuel cells were 83.3% and 85%, respectively. The current densities in microbial fuel cells fed with raw sludge, Fenton process sludge and thermal/alkaline sludge were 0.002, 0.221 and 38 mA/cm2, respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that, the microbial fuel cell fed with pre‐treated sludge can be used for both the sludge treatment and the electricity generation by improving the decomposition of organic matter and accelerating the rate‐limiting step in the anaerobic chamber.
Highly efficient removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by magnetic biochar prepared from hawthorn seeds
Authors: Özer Asiye , Toprak Mahmut 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMagnetic biochar was prepared in one step with simultaneous activation and magnetization processes under CO2 atmosphere in the presence of a mixture of FeCl3·6H2O and hawthorn seeds as precursor. The magnetic biochar used as a potential adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM and vibrating sample magnetometer. The produced magnetic biochar showed a high surface area of 489.166 m2/g, a pore size of 2.16 nm, a pore volume of 0.26 cm3 /g and a saturation magnetization of 29.84 emu/g. Batch adsorption studies were performed at different initial dye concentration, pH and temperature. The adsorption capacity of the magnetic biochar showed a good result for the adsorption of MB (147 mg/g). Of the two models used, the Langmuir isotherm fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption of MB was fitted better with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model and the intra‐particle diffusion process was one of the main mechanisms controlling the adsorption rate. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental results showed that the magnetic biochar would be promising for practical wastewater treatment.
Gender‐ethnicity intersectional variation in work–family dynamics: Family interference with work, guilt, and job satisfaction
Authors: Hwang Seonyoung , Hoque Kim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough guilt is often considered the most prevalent emotional outcome of work–family conflict (WFC), most work–family research focuses on family‐related guilt stemming from work interference with family, rather than job‐related guilt stemming from family interference with work (FIW). In addition, there is little understanding of how different employee social groups experience the implications of FIW in their daily lives. To address these research gaps, this study explores the relationship between daily FIW and job‐related guilt, and its subsequent impact on job satisfaction. It also investigates variation in these relationships by (1) gender and (2) the intersection of gender and ethnicity. Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling using data from 5‐day diary surveys from 210 solicitors in Britain shows daily FIW is associated with higher job‐related guilt and subsequently lower job satisfaction. The relationship is stronger for women than men in general, but is also stronger for South Asian women than white British women (and men), and for South Asian men than white British men. This suggests that studies focusing on single social group characteristics (e.g., gender) are likely to obscure intersectional effects that might produce significant within‐group variation. The findings also highlight the importance of integrating workplace inequality arguments into theorization of WFC.
Characterizing engineering outreach educators' talk moves: An exploratory framework
Authors: Miel Karen , Swanson Rebecca D. , Portsmore Merredith , Paul Kelli M. , Moison Elizabeth A. , Kim Jungsun , Maltese Adam V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the prevalence and potential of K–12 engineering outreach programs, the moment‐to‐moment dynamics of outreach educators' facilitation of engineering learning experiences are understudied. There is a need to identify outreach educators' teaching moves and to explore the implications of these moves.Purpose/HypothesisWe offer a preliminary framework for characterizing engineering outreach educators' teaching moves in relation to principles of ambitious instruction. This study describes outreach educators' teaching moves and identifies learning opportunities afforded by these moves.Design/MethodThrough discourse analysis of video recordings of a university‐led engineering outreach program, we identified teaching moves of novice engineering outreach educators in interaction with elementary student design teams. We considered 18 outreach educators' teaching moves through a lens of ambitious instruction.ResultsIn small group interactions, outreach educators used ambitious, conservative, and inclusive teaching moves. These novice educators utilized talk moves that centered students' ideas and agency. Ambitious moves included two novel teaching moves: design check‐ins and revoicing tangible manifestations of students' ideas. Ambitious moves offered students opportunities to engage in engineering design. Conservative moves provided opportunities for students to make technical and affective progress, and to experience engineering norms.ConclusionsOur work is formative in describing engineering outreach educators' teaching moves and points to outreach educators' capability in using ambitious moves. Ambitious engineering instruction may be a useful framework for designing engineering outreach to support students' participation and progress in engineering design. Additionally, conservative teaching moves, typically considered constraining, may support productive student affect and engagement in engineering design.
Synthesis of 5‐spirocycle camptothecin using ring‐closing metathesis strategy
Authors: Ke Xi , Wang Xianheng , Liu Yuan , Zuo Linming , Wang Yuhe , Zhao Changkuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT) is an important natural product targeting to Topoisomerase I (Topo I). Despite the high antitumor activity, this compound cannot enter clinical trial owing to its high toxicity and low bio‐availability. In this project, the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) synthesis strategy was employed to introduce spirocycle functional group in the 5‐position of CPT. Thus, in the catalysis of Grubbs II catalyst, 5,5‐diallylcamptothecin underwent RCM reaction to give 5‐spirocycle CPT compound in 73% yield.
Northwestward advance of the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon over the 21st century in CMIP6 projections
Authors: Wu Beilei , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) projection has attracted much attention, whereas there are few investigations on the future changes of the EASM northern boundary. The boundary migration would influence the distribution of precipitation and the related vegetation, and its projection is important for policy development of climate change adaptation. In this study, based on the median of 22 selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, the linear trends of meridional movement of the EASM northern boundary are found to be 0.45−1.39° of latitude during 2015–2099 based on the three precipitation‐based metrics under three shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios. Spatially, the multimetric climatological EASM northern boundary displays a 70–170 km northwestward advance during 2080–2099 compared to 1981–2010. Such an advance also holds true for most individual models, but the migration magnitudes vary with metrics, scenarios and models. The strengthened EASM in association with the intensified land–sea thermal contrast and the enhanced atmospheric water vapour content in response to global warming account for the northwestward advance of the EASM northern boundary, which is related to the increased possibility of the negative phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation in the future. Additionally, the thermodynamic component due to the increased moisture content contributes more than the dynamic term arising from the reinforced EASM circulations to the intensified precipitation and northwestward migration of the EASM northern boundary. The future advance of the EASM northern boundary favours a “northern flood and southern drought” precipitation pattern over eastern China, which would partly mitigate drought conditions in northern arid regions.
Predicting Resident Competence for Otolaryngology Key Indicator Procedures
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , George Brian C. , Gray Stacey T. , Krumm Andrew E. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveCompetency‐based surgical education requires practical assessments and meaningful benchmarks. In otolaryngology, key indicator procedure (KIP) minima are indicators of surgical exposure during training, yet it remains unknown how many times trainees must be evaluated on KIPs to ensure operative competence. Herein, we used Bayesian mixed effects models to compute predicted performance expectations for KIPs.MethodsFrom November 2017 to September 2021, a smartphone application (SIMPL OR) was used by attendings at five otolaryngology training programs to rate resident operative performance after each case on a five‐level scale. Bayesian mixed effects models were used to estimate the probability that postgraduate year (PGY) 3, 4, or 5 trainees would earn a “practice‐ready” (PR) rating on a subsequent evaluation based on their previously earned PR ratings for each KIP. Probabilities of earning a subsequent PR rating were examined for interpretability, and cross‐validation was used to assess predictive validity.ResultsA total of 842 assessments of KIPs were submitted by 72 attendings for 92 residents PGY 2–5. The predictive model had an average Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve of 0.77. The number of prior PR ratings that senior residents needed to attain a 95% probability of earning a PR rating on a subsequent evaluation was estimated for each KIP. For example, for mastoidectomies, PGY4 residents needed to earn 10 PR ratings whereas PGY5 residents needed 4 PR ratings on average to have a 95% probability of attaining a PR rating on a subsequent evaluation.ConclusionPredictive modeling can inform assessment benchmarks for competency‐based surgical education.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:3341–3345, 2023
PDK1 regulates the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Ma Yingchao , Zhang Xishen , Han Xiao , Hao Zhizhong , Ji Rong , Li Jianhui , Guo Wenna , Zhang Yanting , Guan Fangxia , Ma Shanshan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies characterized by late‐stage diagnosis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) plays an important role in regulating the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. However, its expression, function, and regulatory mechanisms of PDK1 in ESCC have not been reported. In this study, we found that PDK1 silence and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) significantly inhibited the growth of ESCC cells and induced cell apoptosis. Interestingly, PDK1 is a direct target of miR‐6516‐5p, and miR‐6516‐5p/PDK1 axis suppressed the growth of ESCC cell by inhibiting glycolysis. Moreover, DCA and cisplatin (cis‐diammine‐dichloroplatinum, DDP) synergistically inhibited the progression and glycolysis ability of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by increasing oxidative stress via the inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. And, Tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a specific activator of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, could diminish the synergic antitumor effects of DCA and DDP on ESCC cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that PDK1 may regulate the progression of ESCC by metabolic reprogramming, which provides new strategy for the treatment of ESCC.