bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocaine-induced granulomatosis with polyangiitis—an under-recognized condition
Authors: Gill Charn , Sturman Joseph , Ozbek Leyla , Henderson Scott R , Burns Aine , Hamour Sally , Pepper Ruth J , McClelland Lisha , Chanouzas Dimitrios , Gane Simon , Salama Alan D , Harper Lorraine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesCocaine and cocaine mixed with levamisole are increasingly used in the UK and result in significant direct nasal damage in addition to promoting vasculitis. Our aims were as follows: (1) to identify the main symptoms and presentation of cocaine-induced vasculitis; (2) to provide evidence regarding the best practice for the investigation and diagnosis of cocaine-induced vasculitis; and (3) to analyse the clinical outcomes of patients in order to understand the optimal management for the condition.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series analysis of patients presenting with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions or vasculitis compatible with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) from two large tertiary vasculitis clinics between 2016 and 2021.ResultsForty-two patients (29 Birmingham, 13 London) with cocaine-induced midline lesions or systemic disease were identified. The median age was 41 years (range 23–66 years). Current cocaine use was common, and 20 of 23 samples provided were positive when routine urine toxicology was performed; 9 patients who denied ever using cocaine were identified as using cocaine based on urine toxicology analysis, and 11 who stated they were ex-users still tested positive. There was a high incidence of septal perforation (75%) and oronasal fistula (15%). Systemic manifestations were less common (27%), and only one patient had acute kidney injury. Fifty-six per cent of our patients were PR3-ANCA positive, with none testing positive for MPO-ANCA. Symptom remission required cocaine discontinuation even when immunosuppression was administered.ConclusionPatients with destructive nasal lesions, especially young patients, should have urine toxicology performed for cocaine before diagnosing GPA and considering immunosuppressive therapy. The ANCA pattern is not specific for cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Treatment should be focused on cocaine cessation and conservative management in the first instance in the absence of organ-threatening disease.
The effects of receiving diet roughage inclusion on performance, health, and serum metabolite characteristics of newly received beef calves
Authors: Robison Colton A , Pierce Kaitlyn N , Reuter Ryan R , Warner Andrea L , Wilson Blake K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current dogma suggests increased dietary roughage may improve calf health at the expense of performance during receiving. In experiment 1, the effects of increasing dietary roughage on performance and clinical health of high-risk heifers was evaluated over a 56-d receiving period. Heifers (n = 589; initial body weight; BW = 230 ± 33 kg) were sourced from Oklahoma livestock auctions from April through October of 2019. Heifers were randomly assigned to pens, which were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Diets contained either: 1) 15% roughage (R15), 2) 30% roughage (R30), or 3) 45% roughage (R45) in the form of prairie hay. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test for linear and quadratic responses among experimental treatments. There was a linear decrease in overall average daily gain (ADG; P ≤ 0.0001) with increasing roughage inclusion which resulted in a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.0001) in heifer final BW. A linear increase (P ≤ 0.01) was observed for overall dry matter intake (DMI), and overall gain:feed (G:F) decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.0001) as dietary roughage concentration increased. A quadratic response to decreasing roughage was observed (P = 0.02) for the percent of calves treated three times for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). No other responses (P ≥ 0.11) were detected in animal health variables. In experiment 2, Angus steers (n = 12) and heifers (n = 6; BW = 272 ± 28 kg) were acquired from a single ranch in Oklahoma to evaluate the same experimental dietary treatments on serum metabolite concentrations. Animals were randomly assigned to experimental treatments, with animal serving as the experimental unit in experiment 2. Statistical models for serum metabolites in experiment 2 were analyzed using repeated measures with the effects of treatment, time, and treatment × time. In experiment 2, there were tendencies for treatment × time interactions for blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA; P = 0.06) concentrations. No metabolites were affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.11), while all metabolites were impacted by time (P ≤ 0.02). In summary, growth performance was improved in calves as dietary roughage concentration decreased with minimal impacts on health and serum metabolites. These results suggest that diets containing as little as 15% roughage can be used during receiving to improve calf performance without compromising calf health when fibrous byproducts are included in the diet.
Sucrose promotes branch-thorn occurrence of Lycium ruthenicum through dual effects of energy and signal
Authors: Li Lujia , Qiao Yang , Qi Xinyu , Liu Wen , Xu Weiman , Dong Shurui , Wu Yiming , Cui Jianguo , Wang Yucheng , Wang Qin-Mei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum is an important ecoeconomic thorny shrub. In this study, the L. ruthenicum plants of a clone showed two types of ‘fewer leaves without thorn’ and ‘more leaves with thorns’ under the same condition after transplanting. Microscopic observation revealed that the apical buds of the thornless (Thless) and thorny (Thorny) branches should be selected as materials for further study. RNA-Seq analysis showed that the KEGG pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism and differentially expressed genes of sugar transport protein 13 (SUT13), sucrose synthase (SUS), trehalose-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) and trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) were significantly up-regulated in Thorny. The results of qRT-PCR confirmed the accuracy and credibility of the RNA-Seq. The content of sucrose in Thorny was significantly higher than that in Thless, but the content of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) was opposite. Leaf-clipping treatments reduced sucrose content and inhibited the occurrence/development of branch-thorns; exogenous sucrose of 16 g l−1 significantly promoted the occurrence and growth of branch-thorns, and the promotion effects were significantly higher than those treated with non-metabolizable sucrose analogs (isomaltolose and melitose). These findings suggested that sucrose might play a dual role of energy and signal in the occurrence of branch-thorns. Higher sucrose supply in apical buds from more leaves promoted the occurrence of branch-thorns via a lower content of T6P and higher expression levels of SUS, TPP and TPS, whereas fewer leaves inhibited the occurrence. The molecular hypothesis model of the leaf number/sucrose supply regulating the occurrence of branch-thorns in L. ruthenicum was established in the study, which provides foundation for breeding both Thless L. ruthenicum and Thless types of other species.
Comparative functional analysis of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 in the tracheary element formation
Authors: Kim Min-Ha , Cho Jin-Seong , Tran Thi Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Thi Thu Tram , Park Eung-Jun , Im Jong-Hee , Han Kyung-Hwan , Lee Hyoshin , Ko Jae-Heung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tracheary elements (i.e. vessel elements and tracheids) are highly specialized, non-living cells present in the water-conducting xylem tissue. In angiosperms, proteins in the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) subgroup of the NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factor family (e.g. AtVND6) are required for the differentiation of vessel elements through transcriptional regulation of genes responsible for secondary cell wall formation and programmed cell death. Gymnosperms, however, produce only tracheids, the mechanism of which remains elusive. Here, we report functional characteristics of PdeNAC2, a VND homolog in Pinus densiflora, as a key regulator of tracheid formation. Interestingly, our molecular genetic analyses show that PdeNAC2 can induce the formation of vessel element-like cells in angiosperm plants, demonstrated by transgenic overexpression of either native or NAC domain-swapped synthetic genes of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 in both Arabidopsis and hybrid poplar. Subsequently, genome-wide identification of direct target (DT) genes of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 revealed 138 and 174 genes as putative DTs, respectively, but only 17 genes were identified as common DTs. Further analyses have found that PdeNAC2 does not control some AtVND6-dependent vessel differentiation genes in angiosperm plants, such as AtVRLK1, LBD15/30 and pit-forming Rho-like GTPases from plant (ROP) signaling genes. Collectively, our results suggest that different target gene repertoires of PdeNAC2 and AtVND6 may contribute to the evolution of tracheary elements.
Functional Outcomes of Primary Arthrodesis (PA) Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) in the Treatment of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Aneja Arun , Gal Zsombor T. , Dawson Ashley N. , Sneed Chandler R. , Kalbac Tyler , Pectol Richard W. , Kavolus Matthew W. , Griffin Jarod T. , Leonard Elizabeth H. , Foster Jeffrey A. , Kinchelow Daria L. , Srinath Arjun 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To determine whether primary arthrodesis (PA) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) results in better functional outcomes through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Reoperation rates and surgical characteristics among the 2 groups are evaluated as well.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Eighty-one patients treated using PA or ORIF for Lisfranc injuries between January 2010 and January 2019.

Main Outcome Measurements:
PROMs were collected using the validated Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 years posttreatment.

Results:
Two hundred patients underwent ORIF, and 72 patients underwent PA. Eighty-one of 272 patients responded to the questionnaire. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure revealed activities of daily living subscores for PA and ORIF of 69.78 ± 18.61 and 73.53 ± 25.60, respectively (P = 0.48). The Sports subscores for PA (45.81 ± 24.65) and ORIF (56.54 ± 31.13) were not significantly different (P = 0.11). Perceived levels of activities of daily living (P = 0.32) and Sports (P = 0.81) function, compared with preinjury levels, were also not significantly different between the 2 groups. Rates of reoperation were nearly identical for PA (28.1%) and ORIF (30.6%) (P = 1.00).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that neither PA nor ORIF is superior regarding functional outcomes or rates of reoperation in the surgical treatment of Lisfranc injuries when appropriately triaged by the treating surgeon.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Does PGT-A affect cumulative live birth rate?
Authors: Seckin Serin , Forman Eric J. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Preimplantation genetic testing for the purpose of aneuploidy screening (PGT-A) has increased in use over the last decade.

Recent findings
Whether PGT-A benefits all of the patients that choose to employ it has been a concern, as recent studies have highlighted a potential decrease in cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) for younger patients undergoing embryo transfer. However, there are limitations to many of these studies and the intended benefit of PGT-A, which is to aid as a selection tool, thus increasing the live birth rate per transfer, must not be ignored.

Summary
PGT-A was never intended to increase CLBR. The purpose of PGT-A is to maximize the chance at live birth per transfer while minimizing the risk of clinical miscarriage, ongoing aneuploid pregnancy and futile transfers. However, if it harms CLBR in the process that has to be taken into consideration. This review will discuss PGT-A in terms of its benefits, risks, and how it has been shown to affect the cumulative live birth rate within in-vitro fertilization cycles.
Antagonizing apolipoprotein J chaperone promotes proteasomal degradation of mTOR and relieves hepatic lipid deposition
Authors: Duan Shuangdi , Qin Nong , Pi Jiayi , Sun Pei , Gao Yating , Liu Lamei , Li Zenghui , Li Ya , Shi Liyang , Gao Qiang , Qiu Ye , Tang Songqing , Wang Chun-Hsiang , Chen Tzu-Ying , Wang Sin-Tian , Young Kung-Chia , Sun Hung-Yu 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims:
Overnutrition-induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dysregulates intracellular lipid metabolism and contributes to hepatic lipid deposition. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a molecular chaperone and participates in pathogen-induced and nutrient-induced lipid accumulation. This study investigates the mechanism of ApoJ-regulated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of mTOR, and a proof-of-concept ApoJ antagonist peptide is proposed to relieve hepatic steatosis.

Approach and Results:
By using omics approaches, upregulation of ApoJ was found in high-fat medium-fed hepatocytes and livers of patients with NAFLD. Hepatic ApoJ level associated with the levels of mTOR and protein markers of autophagy and correlated positively with lipid contents in the liver of mice. Functionally, nonsecreted intracellular ApoJ bound to mTOR kinase domain and prevented mTOR ubiquitination by interfering FBW7 ubiquitin ligase interaction through its R324 residue. In vitro and in vivo gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis further demonstrated that targeting ApoJ promotes proteasomal degradation of mTOR, restores lipophagy and lysosomal activity, thus prevents hepatic lipid deposition. Moreover, an antagonist peptide with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.54 µM interacted with stress-induced ApoJ and improved hepatic pathology, serum lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity in mice with NAFLD or type II diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:
ApoJ antagonist peptide might be a potential therapeutic against lipid-associated metabolic disorders through restoring mTOR and FBW7 interaction and facilitating ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of mTOR.
Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors is Associated With An Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Huang Hangkai , Liu Zhening , Guo Yanjun , Zeng Yan , Shen Shuxia , Xu Chengfu 
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds:
The adverse effects of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have led to growing concern. The association between PPIs use and the risks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial.

Goal:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PPIs use and the risks of NAFLD among the general adult population in the United States.

Study:
We performed a cross-sectional study by extracting data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2017 to 2018. The association between PPIs use and NAFLD risks was analyzed by weighted multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Among the 4238 participants included in this study, 2167 were diagnosed with NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression model, PPIs use was associated with increased risks of NAFLD [odds ratio (OR): 1.318, 95% CI: 1.044-1.663; P=0.020]. This association was nonsignificant in participants taking PPIs for ˂5 years (OR: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.579-1.238; P=0.390), whereas it remained significant in participants taking PPIs for more than 5 years (OR: 2.016, 95% CI: 1.366-2.975; P=0.031). Further analysis showed that the use of PPIs was positively associated with risks of severe hepatic steatosis (OR: 1.451, 95% CI: 1.034-2.036; P=0.031) but not with mild-to-moderate steatosis (OR: 1.242, 95% CI: 0.886-1.741; P=0.208).

Conclusions:
This study indicated that taking PPIs was associated with increased risks of NAFLD, especially severe hepatic steatosis. Awareness should be raised regarding the potential risks of NAFLD when prescribing PPIs.
Comparison of Decellularized Human Dermal Scaffolds versus Bovine Collagen/Elastin Matrices for in vivo Engineering of Axially Vascularized Soft Tissue Flaps in Rats
Authors: Falkner Florian , Mayer Simon A , Heuer Miriam , Brune Jan , Helt Hannah , Bigdeli Amir K , Dimmler Arno , Heimel Patrick , Thiele Wilko , Sleeman Jonathan , Bergmeister Helga , Schneider Karl H , Kneser Ulrich , Thomas Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Free flap-based soft tissue reconstruction comes at the price of donor-site morbidity. Providing an opportunity to overcome this issue, the arteriovenous loop (AVL) technique allows for the de novo generation of axially vascularized soft tissue flaps from vein grafts embedded into different matrices. Thus far, the application of the AVL technique has been limited by insufficient long-term volume retention and poor tissue stability. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of a novel human dermal scaffold to improve volume retention and tissue stability.

Methods:
AVLs were created in 28 immunocompetent rats and embedded in either decellularized human dermal scaffolds (experimental group, n=14, Epiflex) or bovine collagen/elastin matrices (control group, n=14, MatriDerm) in subcutaneous polytetrafluoroethylene chambers. The weight and volume of engineered tissues, as well as the extent of angiogenesis and proportion of proliferating cells were compared between both groups on postoperative days (POD) 21 and 28 via immunohistochemistry and micro-computed tomography (μCT).

Results
On POD 28, both groups displayed homogeneous microvascular networks upon histopathology and µCT. Mean microvessel counts and surface areas as well as the percentage of proliferating cells did not differ between both groups. However, the experimental human scaffold group displayed significantly smaller volume loss and significantly less extent of tissue degradation compared to bovine matrix controls (volume retention: 102±5% vs. 27±7% on POD 21, 79±12% vs. 12±7% on POD 28; p<0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions
Compared to bovine matrices, decellularized human scaffolds allow for superior volume retention and tissue stability of de novo engineered soft tissue AVL flaps in rats.
Reconstruction of type IIIB thumb hypoplasia using a vascularized hemi-metatarsal composite tissue flap
Authors: Fang Xia , Yu Aiping , Dai Xinyi , Bai Huikai , Zhou Jiateng , Li Dongdong , Du Xingchao , Tian Jingshun , Zhou Shengbo , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to report the clinical outcomes of vascularized hemi-metatarsal composite tissue transfer for the reconstruction of type IIIB hypoplastic thumbs.

Methods:
Twenty-eight patients with type IIIB hypoplastic thumbs treated with vascularized hemi-metatarsal composite tissue transfer were included in this retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years. Preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed to examine the vessel variance. Clinical measures included the grip and pinch strength, scar status and Kapandji thumb opposition score. Subjective Pediatric outcomes data collection instrument (PODCI) scores and parent satisfaction were also evaluated.

Results:
Radial arteries were hypoplastic in 82.1% of the cases and the common palmar digital artery was chosen as the recipient vessel for the tissue transfer. There was no neurovascular complication. The only donor site complication was a metatarsal fracture which healed with casting. Key pinch and tripod pinch were 29.5% and 45.8% of the normal side respectively. The mean grip strength was 51.7% of the unaffected side. The mean Kapandji score was 6. The PODCI scores were high for global function, upper extremity function, transfer and basic mobility, happiness, and comfort. The Vancouver Scar Scale showed an average score of 2.1. All parents were satisfied with the clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:
Vascularized hemi-metatarsal composite tissue transfer for type IIIB thumb hypoplasia can provide improved subjective outcomes and is a feasible method for the attainment of a 5-digit hand.
Identifying Contributing Factors Associated With Dental Adverse Events Through a Pragmatic Electronic Health Record–Based Root Cause Analysis
Authors: Kalenderian Elsbeth , Bangar Suhasini , Yansane Alfa , Tran Duong , Sedlock Emily , Xiao Yan , Urata Janelle , Olson Greg , Franklin Amy , Kookal Krishna , Ibarra-Noriega Ana , Tungare Sayali , Tokede Oluwabunmi , Spallek Heiko , White Joel M. , Walji Muhammad F. 
Published: April 2023

Objective
This study assessed contributing factors associated with dental adverse events (AEs).

Methods
Seven electronic health record–based triggers were deployed identifying potential AEs at 2 dental institutions. From 4106 flagged charts, 2 reviewers examined 439 charts selected randomly to identify and classify AEs using our dental AE type and severity classification systems. Based on information captured in the electronic health record, we analyzed harmful AEs to assess potential contributing factors; harmful AEs were defined as those that resulted in temporary moderate to severe harm, required hospitalization, or resulted in permanent moderate to severe harm. We classified potential contributing factors according to (1) who was involved (person), (2) what were they doing (tasks), (3) what tools/technologies were they using (tools/technologies), (4) where did the event take place (environment), (5) what organizational conditions contributed to the event? (organization), (6) patient (including parents), and (7) professional-professional collaboration. A blinded panel of dental experts conducted a second review to confirm the presence of an AE.

Results
Fifty-nine cases had 1 or more harmful AEs. Pain occurred most frequently (27.1%), followed by nerve injury (16.9%), hard tissue injury (15.2%), and soft tissue injury (15.2%). Forty percent of the cases were classified as “temporary not moderate to severe harm.” Person (training, supervision, and fatigue) was the most common contributing factor (31.5%), followed by patient (noncompliance, unsafe practices at home, low health literacy, 17.1%), and professional-professional collaboration (15.3%).

Conclusions
Pain was the most common harmful AE identified. Person, patient, and professional-professional collaboration were the most frequently assessed factors associated with harmful AEs.