bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Autostrain LV in the study of left ventricular systolic function and synchronization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li Wanqing , Ge Lili , Li Yuhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are relatively few studies investigating cardiac structural and functional abnormalities associated with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). The long‐term prognosis of SLE patients is closely related to the cardiovascular events caused by SLE. Accordingly, it is necessary to assess early myocardial systolic function and synchrony.MethodsOverall, 90 patients with SLE were randomly selected from our outpatient and inpatient clinics and divided according to SLE Disease Activity Index (SLE‐DAI‐2000) scores: group A, stable (scores 0–4); group B, mildly active stage (scores 5–9); and group C, moderately active stage (scores ≥10). Each group included 30 patients. Further, 30 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals who were referred for check‐ups at the same period were selected as controls (group D). The minimum age for entry into the group was 17 years old. Autostrain LV and three‐dimensional quantitative analysis (3DQA) were applied to obtain left ventricular systolic function parameters, information on strain parameters, and correlations between parameters. Simultaneity parameters measured by Autostrain LV and 3DQA were tested for reproducibility.ResultsA two‐by‐two comparison of groups A–C showed that as the disease activity score increased, AP4LS%, AP2LS%, AP3LS%, and the LV mean overall longitudinal strain all gradually decreased, while LV longitudinal strain peak time standard deviation (Tls‐SD) gradually increased, with all differences being statistically significant (p < .05). In groups A–C compared with controls, Tmsv‐17‐SD, Tmsv‐17‐Dif, Tmsv‐17‐SD%, and Tmsv‐17‐Dif% were all significantly prolonged (p < .05). Further, Tls‐SD was positively correlated with Tmsv‐17‐SD and Tmsv‐17‐Dif, and there was good agreement between Autostrain and 3DQA for the measurement of left ventricular synchrony indexes, with Tmsv‐17‐Dif having the best repeatability (intraobserver interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .979; interobserver ICC = .848,p < .01).ConclusionAutostrain LV can accurately detect changes in left ventricular myocardial strain in patients with SLE early in the disease, with simple operation. The 3DQA technique can quantitatively evaluate left ventricular systolic synchronization in patients with SLE, and Autostrain LV synchronization index measurements correlate significantly with 3DQA. Both methods are reproducible, but 3DQA is more sensitive to left ventricular synchronous motion changes.
The effects of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on cortical GABAergic and cholinergic circuits: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: van Midden Vesna M. , Demšar Jure , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Kojović Maja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurophysiological evidence that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) affects neuronal signalling at the cortical level is sparse. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the effect of taVNS on the excitability of intracortical GABAergic and cholinergic circuits.In this within‐subject, double‐blind study on 30 healthy participants, we used TMS paradigms to assess the effect of a single session of taVNS at 100 Hz and sham earlobe VNS (sVNS) on short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) curve and short‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI). Control experiment was performed on additional 15 participants using the same experimental settings, but delivering no stimulation (xVNS). Bayesian statistics were used to assess the differences, producing % values that reflect the certainty that the values of interest were decreased during or after stimulation compared with baseline. taVNS increased SICI (96.3%), whereas sVNS decreased SICI (1.2%). SAI was not affected by taVNS, although it was decreased during sVNS (1.34% and 9.1%, for interstimulus intervals 20 and 24 ms, respectively). The changes in TMS parameters detected during sVNS were present in the same direction in the control experiment with no stimulation.Our study provides evidence that taVNS increases the activity of cortical GABAAergic system, leaving cortical cholinergic circuits unaffected. Changes in intracortical cortical excitability during sVNS, which were also observed in the control experiment with no stimulation were likely the effect of expectation related to participation in an interventional study.
Eco‐evolutionary drivers of avian migratory connectivity
Authors: Fattorini Niccolò , Costanzo Alessandra , Romano Andrea , Rubolini Diego , Baillie Stephen , Bairlein Franz , Spina Fernando , Ambrosini Roberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMigratory connectivity, reflecting the extent by which migrants tend to maintain their reciprocal positions in seasonal ranges, can assist in the conservation and management of mobile species, yet relevant drivers remain unclear. Taking advantage of an exceptionally large (~150,000 individuals, 83 species) and more‐than‐a‐century‐long dataset of bird ringing encounters, we investigated eco‐evolutionary drivers of migratory connectivity in both short‐ and long‐distance Afro‐Palearctic migratory birds. Connectivity was strongly associated with geographical proxies of migration costs and was weakly influenced by biological traits and phylogeny, suggesting the evolutionary lability of migratory behaviour. The large intraspecific variability in avian migration strategies, through which most species geographically split into distinct migratory populations, explained why most of them were significantly connected. By unravelling key determinants of migratory connectivity, our study improves knowledge about the resilience of avian migrants to ecological perturbations, providing a critical tool to inform transboundary conservation and management strategies at the population level.
Disturbance alters transience but nutrients determine equilibria during grassland succession with multiple global change drivers
Authors: DeSiervo Melissa H. , Sullivan Lauren L. , Kahan Larissa M. , Seabloom Eric W. , Shoemaker Lauren G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDisturbance and environmental change may cause communities to converge on a steady state, diverge towards multiple alternative states or remain in long‐term transience. Yet, empirical investigations of successional trajectories are rare, especially in systems experiencing multiple concurrent anthropogenic drivers of change. We examined succession in old field grassland communities subjected to disturbance and nitrogen fertilization using data from a long‐term (22‐year) experiment. Regardless of initial disturbance, after a decade communities converged on steady states largely determined by resource availability, where species turnover declined as communities approached dynamic equilibria. Species favoured by the disturbance were those that eventually came to dominate the highly fertilized plots. Furthermore, disturbance made successional pathways more direct revealing an important interaction effect between nutrients and disturbance as drivers of community change. Our results underscore the dynamical nature of grassland and old field succession, demonstrating how community properties such as diversity change through transient and equilibrium states.
Meaning of hygiene care for patients as perceived by clinical nurses through an interactive care process: A grounded theory approach
Authors: Nishiya Kotone , Takashima Risa , Shishido Inaho , Yano Rika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the meaning of hygiene care for patients from the perspective of nurses, who provide them with care through an interactive process.MethodsSixteen registered nurses working in general wards for over 5 years were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted between May and August 2021. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used to ensure quality and transparency.ResultsThe participants recognized the core category “realizing oneself alive here,” where hygiene care energized patients and promoted their realization of “feeling alive.” Hygiene care created “time of relief, temporarily forgetting the illness,” and “restoring a sense of oneself.” A situation of care also created an “opportunity to treat each other as unique individuals,” “opportunity to face self,” and “encouraging the recovery and disease‐fighting process.”ConclusionsThis study highlights the value of hygiene care provided by nurses to patients. The meaning of hygiene care conceptualized in this study should help build a conceptual framework for understanding the patient's experience and reaffirming the value of hygiene care.
Effects of electronic fetal monitoring simulation with problem‐based learning on nursing students' performance confidence, clinical judgment, and knowledge
Authors: Lee Jeongim , Son Hae Kyoung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the effects of an electronic fetal monitoring simulation with problem‐based learning (EFM SPBL) program based on the Clinical Judgment Model.MethodsThird‐year nursing students were randomly allocated to the control (n = 46) or experimental groups (n = 46). The control group participated in the conventional clinical practice, while the experimental group participated in the EFM SPBL program. The students completed a structured questionnaire on Google surveys.ResultsNursing performance confidence (t = 10.72, p < .001) and clinical judgment (t = 2.53, p = .015) increased significantly in the experimental group.ConclusionsThis study recognized improvement in students' clinical judgment in the context of learning transfer. A standardized SPBL with various cases is recommended.
Zebrafish facilitate non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease research: Tools, models and applications
Authors: Chang Cheng , Li Huicong , Zhang Ruilin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease worldwide. NAFLD can gradually deteriorate from simple liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Zebrafish are vertebrate animal models that are genetically and metabolically conserved with mammals and have unique advantages such as high fecundity, rapid development ex utero and optical transparency. These features have rendered zebrafish an emerging model system for liver diseases and metabolic diseases favoured by many researchers in recent years. In the present review, we summarize a series of tools for zebrafish NAFLD research and the models established through different dietary feeding, hepatotoxic chemical treatments and genetic manipulations via transgenic or genome editing technologies. We also discuss how zebrafish models facilitate NAFLD studies by providing novel insights into NAFLD pathogenesis, toxicology research, and drug evaluation and discovery.
A simplified BRADEN scale for the risk of developing pressure injuries
Authors: Guimarães Maria Clara Salomão e Silva , Ruther Dominique Hotzel , Zambelli Roberto , Severo Daniel de Souza , Silva Henrique Pickler da , Reys Arthur Deltregia , Silva Flávio Amaro Oliveira Bitar , Pedro Saulo Domingos de Souza , Silva Danilo , Navarro Túlio Pinho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPressure injuries (PIs) are a major problem for healthcare providers, impacting both care costs and patients' quality of life, although they are predominately preventable. These injuries are especially present in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) as a result of the severity of the clinical conditions of patients in this unit.AimTo develop a simplified version of the Braden scale by removing two of the most subjective subscores—Nutrition and Sensory Perception—in an attempt to reduce the chance of errors by the nursing team during the application of the scale.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted on data collected from patients admitted to the ICU of a private Brazilian tertiary hospital. The resulting data consisted of 5194 patients, 6353 hospital admissions, and 6974 ICU stays. The overall prevalence of PI was 1.09%.ResultsThe T‐test showed that both the Braden and the simplified Braden scores were significantly different between patients with and without PI (p < .001). Patients who developed PIs scored lower than those who did not. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of the Braden Scale was 74.21% (95% CI: 68.61%–79.8%) and of the simplified scale was 72.54% (95% CI: 66.87%–78.22%). The Positive Predictive Value of the Braden Scale was 3.17% when interpolated at the same sensitivity as the simplified scale (47.37%), which achieved 3.26%.ConclusionsBy removing two of the six subscores of the Braden scale we propose a new tool for identifying patients at risk of developing PI in a more objective and fast way. Our results show that classification performance had little negative impact.Relevance to clinical practiceA simplified, less subjective scale allows for more precise and less time‐consuming risk classification.
Genomics‐assisted breeding: The next‐generation wheat breeding era
Authors: Sun Congwei , Hu Huiting , Cheng Yongzhen , Yang Xi , Qiao Qi , Wang Canguan , Zhang Leilei , Chen Daiying , Zhao Simin , Dong Zhongdong , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCommon wheat provides approximately 20% of the total dietary calorie intake of human beings. Recent technological advances in whole‐genome sequencing and their application in wheat and its progenitor species provide new opportunities to uncover the genetic variation of wheat traits and to accelerate the traditional breeding (TB) strategies in the context of genomics‐assisted breeding (GAB). Integration of TB, marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) with high‐density SNP markers is expected to accelerate the breeding process and to further enhance genetic gain. With the assistance of the next‐ or third‐generation sequencing technologies and high‐throughput phenotyping platforms, GAB can now realistically be considered in the following area: (i) genome sequencing and high‐quality assembly to uncover new variations, (ii) whole‐genome sequence‐based association studies, (iii) gene function (or functional gene) identification and (iv) integration of whole genomic breeding information, utilizing multi‐omics data and different breeding strategies. We argue that GAB is becoming the preferred strategy in pursuit of new wheat cultivars with superior traits on high yielding, high nutritional quality, climate‐resilience and so on.
Why bounded rationality (in epistemology)?
Authors: Thorstad David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBounded rationality gets a bad rap in epistemology. It is argued that theories of bounded rationality are overly context‐sensitive; conventionalist; or dependent on ordinary language (Carr, 2022; Pasnau, 2013). In this paper, I have three aims. The first is to set out and motivate an approach to bounded rationality in epistemology inspired by traditional theories of bounded rationality in cognitive science. My second aim is to show how this approach can answer recent challenges raised for theories of bounded rationality. My third aim is to clarify the role of rational ideals in bounded rationality.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Cortellini Alessio , D'Alessio Antonio , Cleary Siobhan , Buti Sebastiano , Bersanelli Melissa , Bordi Paola , Tonini Giuseppe , Vincenzi Bruno , Tucci Marco , Russo Alessandro , Pantano Francesco , Russano Marco , Stucci Luigia Stefania , Sergi Maria Chiara , Falconi Martina , Zarzana Maria Antonietta , Santini Daniele , Spagnolo Francesco , Tanda Enrica T. , Rastelli Francesca , Giorgi Francesca Chiara , Pergolesi Federica , Giusti Raffaele , Filetti Marco , Lo Bianco Francesca , Marchetti Paolo , Botticelli Andrea , Gelibter Alain , Siringo Marco , Ferrari Marco , Marconcini Riccardo , Vitale Maria Giuseppa , Nicolardi Linda , Chiari Rita , Ghidini Michele , Nigro Olga , Grossi Francesco , De Tursi Michele , Di Marino Pietro , Queirolo Paola , Bracarda Sergio , Macrini Serena , Inno Alessandro , Zoratto Federica , Veltri Enzo , Spoto Chiara , Vitale Maria Grazia , Cannita Katia , Gennari Alessandra , Morganstein Daniel L. , Mallardo Domenico , Nibid Lorenzo , Sabarese Giovanna , Brunetti Leonardo , Perrone Giuseppe , Ascierto Paolo A. , Ficorella Corrado , Pinato David J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
No evidence exists as to whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs clinical outcome from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with solid tumors.

Experimental Design:
In a large cohort of ICI recipients treated at 21 institutions from June 2014 to June 2020, we studied whether patients on glucose-lowering medications (GLM) for T2DM had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We used targeted transcriptomics in a subset of patients to explore differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with or without diabetes.

Results:
A total of 1,395 patients were included. Primary tumors included non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 54.7%), melanoma (24.7%), renal cell (15.0%), and other carcinomas (5.6%). After multivariable analysis, patients on GLM (n = 226, 16.2%) displayed an increased risk of death [HR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.07–1.56] and disease progression/death (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03–1.43) independent of number of GLM received. We matched 92 metformin-exposed patients with 363 controls and 78 patients on other oral GLM or insulin with 299 control patients. Exposure to metformin, but not other GLM, was associated with an increased risk of death (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16–2.03) and disease progression/death (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04–1.72). Patients with T2DM with higher pretreatment glycemia had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.04), while exploratory tumoral transcriptomic profiling in a subset of patients (n = 22) revealed differential regulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions:
In this study, patients on GLM experienced worse outcomes from immunotherapy, independent of baseline features. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relative impact of metformin over a preexisting diagnosis of T2DM in influencing poorer outcomes in this population.
Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Draghi Arianna , Presti Mario , Jensen Agnete W.P. , Chamberlain Christopher A. , Albieri Benedetta , Rasmussen Anne-Christine K. , Andersen Mads H. , Crowther Michael D. , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Impaired MHCI-presentation and insensitivity to immune effector molecules are common features of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant tumors and can be, respectively, associated with loss of β2 microglobulin (B2M) or impaired IFNγ signaling. Patients with ICB-resistant tumors can respond to alternative immunotherapies, such as infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). CD4+ T cells can exert cytotoxic functions against tumor cells; however, it is unclear whether CD4+ T-cell responses can be exploited to improve the clinical outcomes of patients affected by ICB-resistant tumors.

Experimental Design:
Here, we exploited CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing to reproduce immune-resistant tumor phenotypes via gene knockout (KO). To determine the role of cytotoxic CD4+ TILs in ICB-resistant tumors, we investigated CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity in matched pairs of TILs and autologous melanoma cell lines, used as a model of patient-specific immune-tumor interaction. Around 40% of melanomas constitutively express MHC Class II molecules; hence, melanomas with or without natural constitutive MHC Class II expression (MHCIIconst+ or MHCIIconst−) were used.

Results:
CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was not affected by B2M loss but was dependent on the expression of CIITA. MHCIIconst+ melanomas were killed by tumor-specific CD4+ TILs even in the absence of IFNγ-mediated MHCII upregulation, whereas IFNγ was necessary for CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity against MHCIIconst- melanomas. Notably, although tumor-specific CD4+ TILs did not kill JAK1KO MHCIIconst- melanomas even after IFNγ stimulation, sensitivity to CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was maintained by JAK1KO MHCIIconst+ melanomas.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our data indicate that exploiting tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4+ TILs could help overcome resistance to ICB mediated by IFNγ-signaling loss in MHCIIconst+ melanomas.
See related commentary by Betof Warner and Luke, p. 3829
Direct-to-Patient Clinical Trials: One Small Step or a Giant Leap?
Authors: Desai Aakash , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Genome driven precision oncology has transformed the landscape of multiple cancers. However, access barriers exist. A recent study exemplified a direct-to-patient outreach program via social media through the implementation of a global program that offered free tumor genomic testing with a focus on rare cancers.
See related article by Doe-Tetteh et al., p. 2445
Abstract A012: Exploring the role of adaptive amino acid responses in Ras-driven leukemia progression and therapy
Authors: Zhang Ji , Claude Rodney , Srivastava Sankalp , Batra Sandeep , Zhong Minghua , Dave Utpal , Wek Ronald C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, affecting the lymphoid cells of both B and T lineages. Most ALL cells are auxotrophic for asparagine, a nonessential amino acid for protein synthesis, due to the low expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), a rate limiting enzyme for de novo biosynthesis of asparagine. As a result, standard ALL treatment takes advantage of this vulnerability by giving patients L-asparaginase, a bacterial enzyme that depletes the circulating asparagine. However, previous work from our lab and others have shown that some ALL cells become resistance to L-asparaginase treatment through the induction of ASNS expression. Mechanistically, amino acid starvation actives the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, leading to the accumulation of ATF4 transcriptional factor. ATF4, in turn, is recruited to the promoter of the ASNS gene to activate its transcription. However, the role of GCN2 kinase in the process of leukemogenesis under nutrient limiting environment has not been established. In this study, our goal is to use a mouse model of T-ALL driven by mutant KRas to determine the role of GCN2 in leukemogenesis and the therapeutic response to L-asparaginase treatment.
Citation Format: Ji Zhang, Rodney Claude, Sankalp Srivastava, Sandeep Batra, Minghua Zhong, Utpal Dave, Ronald C. Wek. Exploring the role of adaptive amino acid responses in Ras-driven leukemia progression and therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting RAS; 2023 Mar 5-8; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2023;21(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A012.