bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Educational Interventions: An Effective Means to Improve Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Awareness in Outdoor Occupational Workers
Authors: Preda-Naumescu Ana , Sowell Josiah , Weir Sydney , Srikakolapu Siddharth , Patel Om , Aldana Isabella , Garcia Natalie , Kole Lauren 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Outdoor workers are at increased risk for developing skin cancer compared to the general population due to environmental conditions at work sites and riskier behavior regarding skin cancer risk factors. In many populations, sun protection education is associated with increased use of sun protective measures. This study aimed to assess outdoor workers’ knowledge of sun safety and evaluate the impact of educational measures on the awareness of photoprotection practices.
Methods: A group of medical students visited construction sites in Birmingham, AL, to deliver 15-minute presentations on the risks of prolonged UV exposure and the prevention of photodamage. Identical 10-question surveys were given to each participant before and after the presentation. Participants rated their level of agreement with statements on photoprotection and skin cancer.
Results: The survey response rate was 79%. Analysis revealed an average pre-presentation score of 3.01 and a post-presentation score of 3.73. Two-sample paired t-tests for each question yielded statistically significant results (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Outdoor occupational workers reported a better understanding of the risks of UV exposure and a greater willingness to engage in sun-protective practices following a brief educational intervention. These findings suggest that community-based education may improve awareness regarding photoprotection and skin cancer risk.
Cutaneous Involvement of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sathe Nishad , Bershow Andrea 
Published: January 2023

A 74-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) of the right lung was undergoing evaluation for initiation of chemotherapy. Bendamustine and rituximab were previously initiated but stopped after one month due to adverse effects. The patient subsequently completed 7 years of ibrutinib therapy, which was halted 3 weeks prior to presentation due to its ineffectiveness and significant hematologic lab abnormalities. Treatment with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, prednisone) was proposed, however the patient had a nodule concerning for cellulitis on the left fifth palmar digit requiring treatment prior to chemotherapy initiation. No improvement was seen after courses of cephalexin and doxycycline. Due to a lack of response to these two antibiotics, dermatology was consulted for further evaluation.
On physical exam, there was a 1.3-cm red-violaceous crusted nodule on the palmar aspect of the left fifth digit (Figure 1, panel A). Dermoscopy showed central orange-tan pigmentation with loss of normal acral ridge pattern and surrounding irregular vessels (Figure 1, panel B). The differential diagnosis included Sweet syndrome, drug eruption, infection, and malignancy. A punch biopsy was performed and showed an atypical lymphocytic nodular infiltrate with angioinvasive and angiodestructive features, and immunohistochemical stains suggested AITL. The patient’s clinical stage was changed from stage II to stage IV AITL due to skin involvement, and the patient was started on CHOP treatment.
AITL is a peripheral CD4+ follicular T-helper cell-based lymphoma that presents with B symptoms and generally has a poor prognosis after conventional chemotherapies [1]. Though rare, AITL has been reported to present with skin manifestations in up to 50% of cases, which typically present as macular or papular eruptions on the trunk, similar to toxic erythema of chemotherapy, drug eruptions, or viral exanthems [2]. However, there are multiple case reports of AITL mimicking a variety of systemic dermatologic or oncologic entities, including dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and urticaria [3].
This case of AITL with cutaneous involvement illustrates an uncommon presentation of this peripheral lymphoma that often has skin manifestations. The presence of skin involvement implies an advanced clinical stage, which confers a poorer prognosis [4]. Due to its variable presentations in the skin, it is often misdiagnosed as a vasculitis or exanthem, particularly when its initial presentation is in the skin without prior diagnosis of internal AITL malignancy [3]. As in this case, most patients are treated for their condition with chemotherapy, starting with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, and often require higher-dose or modified therapy due to the short response duration [4]. Here, we highlight the diagnostic challenge of AITL and the clinical importance of its identification for appropriate staging and treatment of this condition.
La prescription acquisitive de la qualité d’héritier sous le Code Napoléon
Authors: Van de Voorde Johan 
Published: January 2023

Normalement, on devient héritier par l’opération de la loi ou du testament. Mais que se passe-t-il quand une personne prend possession d’une succession à laquelle elle n’a pas de vocation successorale en rang utile ? La doctrine belge écrit que dans ces cas, la prescription acquisitive a vocation de s’appliquer. Le possesseur de la succession deviendra ainsi véritablement héritier par la possession utile pendant le délai légal (qui est de 30 ans). Or sauf une exception remarquable, toute la jurisprudence qui reconnaît la prescription acquisitive de la qualité d’héritier date du 19e siècle. La présente contribution vise donc à analyser la prescription acquisitive de la qualité d’héritier sous le Code Napoléon : son existence, les tendances de la jurisprudence et les raisons de sa décadence.
Le théâtre de la guerre et la bataille d’Audenarde (11 juillet 1708)
Authors: Dhondt Frederik 
Published: January 2023

La bataille d’Audenarde du 11 juillet 1708, une des nombreuses défaites françaises de la fin du règne de Louis XIV, semble bien éloignée de l’étude de l’histoire du droit. Pourtant, plusieurs niveaux d’analyse permettent de remonter au droit constitutionnel des belligérants impliqués dans la Guerre de Succession d’Espagne (1701/1702-1713/1714), tout comme au droit des gens. L’article présent traite d’abord le déroulement de l’affrontement entre deux armées de masse, représentant des souverains de Grenade à Königsberg, et la perception locale de ce déferlement de troupes, mise en scène dans une pièce satyrique exposant le ‘Français vantard et consterné’. Ensuite, la présence des alliés allemands de Louis XIV et de ses opposants mène au droit du Saint-Empire Germanique. Finalement, la bataille en elle-même n’étant pas décisive, il est important de souligner que les manœuvres diplomatiques entre les campagnes de 1707 et 1708 annonçaient les contours de l’accord qui a permis en 1713-1714 de terminer une guerre sanglante. Le caractère connecté de tous les « théâtres de la guerre » (Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Pays-Bas, Ecosse) paraît également dans l’iconographie du Schouwburg van den Oorlog de Schenk.
Apports, limites et enjeux des méthodes prosopographiques et biographiques appliquées à l’histoire contemporaine des avocats : le cas du stage au barreau de Bruxelles
Authors: Verslype Fanny , Delattre Julien 
Published: January 2023

Étudier une profession dans une perspective historique n’est pas exercice aisé. Le barreau ne déroge pas à la règle en s’incarnant dans une collectivité souvent personnifiée et surtout une multitude d’individualités. Comment dès lors s’attacher à l’étude de cette profession en considérant sa double dimension collective et individuelle ? La prosopographie est souvent envisagée comme un outil pour faire dialoguer ces deux dimensions. Toutefois, les écueils à éviter sont nombreux, en particulier pour la profession d’avocat : lissage des trajectoires, surreprésentation de certains réseaux, atténuation des effets d’influence, déterminisme, etc. Le recours ponctuel à la biographie neutralise ou nuance cette vision induite par l’utilisation de sources sérielles. Le croisement des deux approches met en relation les données socio-institutionnelles du barreau de Bruxelles d’une part, tout en prenant en compte les caractéristiques personnelles des avocats qui le composent d’autre part. Mais ce dialogue suffit-il à générer un savoir objectif sur la profession d’avocat ? Nous aborderons cette réflexion en envisageant la question du stage au barreau de Bruxelles au début du 20e siècle et en mobilisant la figure de Joseph Pholien.
Quand les cloches se taisent. Acteurs et enjeux autour de la suppression d’une paroisse (Saint-Nicaise de Tournai, 1769-1773)
Authors: Vandermeersch Bernard 
Published: January 2023

La suppression de la paroisse Saint-Nicaise de Tournai en 1769 rencontre des difficultés. Cinq acteurs s’opposent sur l’opportunité de cette suppression : l’évêque, le chapitre cathédral, le gouvernement, la municipalité et les paroissiens. Ils se divisent, pour ou contre la suppression, mais, paradoxalement, ils partagent les mêmes idées sur l’utilité d’une paroisse : plus qu’une institution religieuse, c’est une structure économique et sociale.
Between parish and municipality: the "conduct of charity" and legislation in the Netherlands from the 16th to the 18th century
Authors: Cauchies Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2023

À la Renaissance, la mendicité étant de plus en plus perçue, et de même de façon générale le paupérisme, comme un fléau social, les premières mesures d’« État » – j’écris bien « d’État », pas « civiles » – relatives à la bienfaisance vont prendre place dans le concert de tout ce qui touche à la sûreté publique. Un édit bien connu de Charles Quint, en date du 7 octobre 1531, procure une référence de poids : « que les povres mallades et autres indigens non puissans gaignier leur vie puissent estre nourris et sustentéz a l’honneur et selon l’ordonnance de Dieu » par le canal, dans les villes et villages, d’une « commune bourse pour en faire distribucion aux povres ». On peut tenir cela pour une première tentative du pouvoir central – j’écris bien « central » – de s’attaquer aux racines du mal, d’organiser, autant que possible, uniformément l’assistance publique dans les Pays-Bas, l’inconvénient des pratiques en usage tenant à l’action certes méritoire mais dispersée de fondations de bienfaisance héritées du Moyen Âge. Le gouvernement ne partira pas de rien et s’inspirera notamment de réglementations communales existantes. Voilà énoncé le fil conducteur de cette contribution sans autre prétention que de proposer et de rassembler quelques repères qui sont loin d’être inconnus.
Folk taxonomical distinction between Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu (Irvingiaceae) in the Volta Forest region, West Africa
Authors: Vihotogbé Romaric , Avocèvou-Ayisso Carolle , Djikpo Rosos , Teka Oscar , Sinsin Brice , Kakaï Romain Glèlè 
Published: January 2023

Description of the subject. Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu produce edible kernels, with their fruit pulp tasting sweet and bitter, respectively. The overlap of their morphological and ecological traits creates taxonomic uncertainty. Objectives. This study assessed the efficiency of folk classification system for the separation between I. gabonensis and I. wombolu, in the Volta Forest region (Togo), where both species co-occur. Method. Interviews were conducted with 114 respondents of the five main sociolinguistic groups in the Volta Forest region, in order to identify distinctive traits between both species. Field reconnaissance and confirmation test were used to identify I. gabonensis and I. wombolu trees, which were evaluated against ecological features in folk classification system. Results. Variations existed within each species but were not botanically delimited. The folk classification system was mostly based on fruit pulp taste and some ecological traits. Old local residents only trusted fruit taste to separate these species. Only young Akposso men additionally considered ecology and leaf shape in classification. The reconnaissance survey confirmed the consistency of their folk classification system. Dendrometric parameters of I. gabonensis depended on environmental factors, while land use system and soil geomorphology significantly influenced the occurrence of I. wombolu. Conclusions. Fruit pulp taste and flowering seasons were widely used to distinguish between species, while young men used ecological and botanical features. This demonstrates their recent contact with these taxa. It is also likely that domestication is narrowing differences between I. gabonensis and I. wombolu.
Gender Gap in Asset Ownership: Tanzania State of Play.
Authors: Magambo E.F. , Nyamwesa A.M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study, examined the gender gap that still exists in asset ownership and its associated factors.
Methodology/Approach: This study employs an integrative review to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under study. The purpose of this review is to establish whether findings are consistent and generalizable across different settings in Tanzania or whether they vary significantly by particular subgroups. All studies that were fit to be included were summarised and patterns of information collected were tabulated, itemised and discussed in a systematic review. Seven (07) current papers (2017-2021) related to the study were reviewed to establish factors attributed to the gender gap in asset ownership.
Findings: The findings show that there still exists a gender gap in asset ownership in Tanzania. Using Land as a measure of asset ownership the following factors are the source of the gender-based ownership gap; lack of knowledge and awareness Lack of income and Traditions and customary norms are the most critical factors limiting women from owning assets in Tanzania. Other factors include ineffective implementation of the existing land laws and regulations and symbolic violence.
Research Limitations: Further studies can be done by broadening the scope. This can be through clustering studies done in urban and rural areas to determine any locality factors attributing to the gender asset ownership gap.
Practical Implications: The findings from this study are useful to various groups. The government can use the findings to reduce the gender gap in asset ownership by addressing key factors identified. This will help them stay more focused on the most critical factors. Further, NGOs and the society at large can utilize the findings in creating awareness campaigns regarding women's asset ownership.
Value: the findings of this study provide a better understanding of the key factors that limit women from owning assets as it integrates findings of different studies at different times.
Constraints to Accessing Business Development Services and Support (BDSS) among The Urban Street Vendors in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Munishi E.J. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study examined constraints to accessing Business Development Services and Support (BDSS) among the urban-based informal street vendors in Dar es Salaam- Tanzania.
Design/Methodology/ Approach: This study employed qualitative methods with purposive and simple random sampling techniques being used to obtain 110 vendors and officials from various organizations who participated in this study. The researcher employed in-depth interviews, observations and the review of different documents. Collected data was later analysed through thematic analysis run through MAXQDA 10.
Findings: Findings revealed several issues constraining informal vendors to access BDSS services. These included financial constraints, lack of BDSS organisations and professionals, lack of relevant policies and regulations, vendors' inability to abide by policies and regulations, lack of vendors' involvement in BDSS decision-making, lack of physical address, vendors' informal and illegal status and lack of statistics on the street vendors.
Research Limitation/Implication: This study mainly focused on street vendors in the urban settings of Dar es salaam and specifically in the three municipalities of Ilala, Kinondoni and Ubungo.
Practical Implication: Mitigating the BDSS constraints among the vendors will guarantee an increase in sales and profitability in street vending hence protecting vendors' livelihoods and contribution to national development.
Social Implication: The study recommends improvement in policy options related to alleviating BDSS-related constraints among vendors including empowerment of vendors on financial matters as well as being provided with reliable sources of business capital, knowledge and skills.
Originality / Value: Moreover, this study is more adds to more innovative and inclusive strategies for empowering urban street vendors on BDSS, considering that previous works on BDSS have not provided rich solutions to street vendors to access Business Development Services and Support. While some of these studies are quantitative, some other studies have only focused on only registered businesses leaving the informal street vendors unattended.
Demand Forecast Modelling of Vehicles as a Decision Support: The Case of Toyota Ghana
Authors: Addo K.D. , Sackey S.M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical demand forecast model as an alternative to expert-intensive methods for decision support in automobile companies using Toyota Ghana as a case. The paper explores the challenges associated with reliance on experts’ judgment in demand forecasting.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology involved analysing stock reports, lost sales reports, and financial reports from Toyota Ghana to understand the effect of poor forecasting. Using data from two key managers and six sales staff, the project examines the perspectives of staff regarding the use of expert judgment for demand forecasting. Further data was collected via a questionnaire from five authorized automobile distributors and dealerships.
Findings: The results revealed the adverse effects of expert-opinion forecasting, which include irregular stock quantities leading to lost sales, vehicle quality challenges leading to deterioration, and long-term negative impact on profitability. Yet demand forecasting by reliance on experts was very prevalent in the automobile industry. The developed forecast model relies on Mean Absolute Percentage Error with a smoothing constant of 0.4. was validated using recent historical data revealing a 2% variance with actual demand values, while for expert judgment the variation margin was 14%. This strongly indicated that the model yielded more accurate predictions of demand than expert predictions.
Research Limitation: The case-study nature of the study means a more generalized study was still needed before the findings could be more widely applied across the automobile industry.
Practical implication: The study recommended further development of scientific forecasting models for predicting demand across the automobile industry since they carried positive implications for the smooth running of the industry. This could help mitigate the challenges associated with using expert opinions in demand forecasting. Beyond this, the model could serve to provide valuable information to vehicle manufacturers, thereby yielding efficiencies in their value chains.
Social implication: Accurate demand forecasting and management have positive implications for operational efficiency that minimizes customer disappointment.
Originality / Value: The model offers a better alternative for predicting demand more accurately, promoting correct stock holding quantities, avoiding stock deterioration, and reducing expenditure on quality checks, thus ultimately increasing profitability.
Impact of Key Players in Providing Sustainable Water Services in Busega District, Tanzania
Authors: Ngusa D.A. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of key players in providing sustainable water services to rural women in Busega District, Tanzania. Triple-S (Sustainable Services at Scale) approach was adopted to analyse structures applied by key players/actors to deliver services and enable rural women to access water close to their households.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted through cross-sectional design to examine the existence of the situation at single visits. The sample size included 210 rural women who were visited in their households. A mixed research approach was applied to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. As such, primary data was collected by using household surveys, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and focus group discussions. Instruments used for collecting data were sets of questionnaire, interview guides or checklists and observations. In addition, documentaries were reviewed to collect secondary data. Content analysis was done to consolidate qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed through One-Way ANOVA to compute a five-point Likert scale, descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.
Findings: Results revealed that only 35% of the respondents received sufficient water supplies from key players/actors due to weak structures and poor management of their services.
Research Limitation: The study involved rural women whereas during the household survey most of them were occupied by several duties that resulted in scheduling dialogues by considering their daily schedules.
Practical Implication: The article recommends that to ensure sustainable access to and use of water services in rural areas, the Ministry of Water and Energy need to construct reliable sources and facilitate local key players/actors to improve their services and meet the required demands.
Social Implication: The article provides knowledge to literature by creating awareness to water key players/actors to apprehend how their services were highly desired by rural women to reduce their workload of walking long distances.
Originality/Value: The article revealed that key players/actors who provided water services failed to ensure sustained access to fundamental supplies in rural areas.
Performance of Water Institutions in enhancing Water User Rights among Smallholder Farmers in Kiru Valley Tanzania
Authors: Menda F.P. , Kaswamila A. , Msongaleli B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper intended to investigate the performance of water institutions using the primary roles of Water Resource Management.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed a qualitative research approach through multiple sampling techniques and stages. The sample involved 70 respondents from the basin villages registered in WUA model. Data were checked by content analysis and descriptive statistical procedures.
Findings: The findings revealed that the primary roles of Water Resource Management (WRM) Act No. 11 of 2009 and institutional targets of formal and informal institutions are relevant and reflective towards enhancing water user rights in the valley. The WUA model seemed to have a better performance on water management in Kiru Valley, Tanzania.
Research Limitation: The limitation of this study was the overlapped policies and programs which restricted the definition of the institutional roles of the water institutions in the valley
Practical Implication: This information is useful for key actors in water management in formulating effective institutions to engage the smallholder farmers in water use on a large scale by targeting serious water institutions which attract them.
Social Implication: Policy makers should institute the WRM Act No. 11 of 2009 relating to WUA model to improve water user rights.
Originality/Value: This is a relevant study that seeks to develop an effective institutional performance framework to monitor the water use procedures of the stakeholders.