bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence algorithm for the classification of sphenoid sinus pneumatisation on sinus computed tomography scans
Authors: Taylor Alon , Habib Al‐Rahim , Kumar Ashnil , Wong Eugene , Hasan Zubair , Singh Narinder 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundClassifying sphenoid pneumatisation is an important but often overlooked task in reporting sinus CT scans. Artificial intelligence (AI) and one of its key methods, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), can create algorithms that can learn from data without being programmed with explicit rules and have shown utility in radiological image classification.ObjectiveTo determine if a trained CNN can accurately classify sphenoid sinus pneumatisation on CT sinus imaging.MethodsSagittal slices through the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus were extracted from retrospectively collected bone‐window CT scans of the paranasal sinuses for consecutive patients over 6 years. Two blinded Otolaryngology residents reviewed each image and classified the sphenoid sinus pneumatisation as either conchal, presellar or sellar. An AI algorithm was developed using the Microsoft Azure Custom Vision deep learning platform to classify the pattern of pneumatisation.ResultsSeven hundred eighty images from 400 patients were used to train the algorithm, which was then tested on a further 118 images from 62 patients. The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.1–97.0), 87.3% (95% CI 79.9–92.7) and 85.6% (95% CI 78.0–91.4) in correctly identifying conchal, presellar and sellar sphenoid pneumatisation, respectively. The overall weighted accuracy of the CNN was 85.9%.ConclusionThe CNN described demonstrated a moderately accurate classification of sphenoid pneumatisation subtypes on CT scans. The use of CNN‐based assistive tools may enable surgeons to achieve safer operative planning through routine automated reporting allowing greater resources to be directed towards the identification of pathology.
Is socio‐economic status associated with risk of childhood type 1 diabetes? Literature review
Authors: Lopez‐Doriga Ruiz Paz , Stene Lars C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsStudies of social inequality and risk of developing type 1 diabetes are inconsistent. The present review aimed to comprehensively review relevant literature and describe what has been reported on socio‐economic status or parental occupation and risk of type 1 diabetes in children.MethodsWe searched for publications between 1 January 1970 and 30 November 2021. We focused on the most recent and/or informative publication in cases of multiple publications from the same data source and referred to these as primary studies.ResultsOur search identified 69 publications with relevant data. We identified eight primary cohort studies with individual‐level data, which we considered the highest quality of evidence. Furthermore, we identified 13 primary case–control studies and 14 semi‐ecological studies with area‐level socio‐economic status variables which provided a weaker quality of evidence. Four of eight primary cohort studies contained data on maternal education, showing non‐linear associations with type 1 diabetes that were not consistent across studies. There was no consistent pattern on the association of parental occupation and childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsThere is a need for more high‐quality studies, but the existing literature does not suggest a major and consistent role of socio‐economic status in the risk of type 1 diabetes.
Bioclimatic variables and their impact on the potential distribution of Brenneria goodwinii in Europe
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrenneria goodwinii is a Gram‐negative bacterium associated with the phenomenon of Acute Oak Decline (AOD), which has played a very important role in the decline of oak populations in Europe in recent years. In this paper, the Maxent model was developed to detect the trend in the distribution of B. goodwinii in Europe. Generated from confirmed location data and bioclimatic variables, the Maxent model achieved high predictive accuracy as measured by parameters such as AUC and AUCdiff. Nineteen bioclimatic variables available on the WorldClim portal for the years 1970–2000 were used to create the model. The generated model allows to determine the most useful bioclimatic variables to assess the maximum entropy of the habitat in terms of the occurrence of B. goodwinii. In addition, the model identified areas of Europe where the probabilities of fit for bacteria are >.7. These areas include Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Portugal and Italy.
Venetoclax‐based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia following intensive induction chemotherapy
Authors: Kristensen Daniel Tuyet , Brøndum Rasmus Froberg , Ørskov Andreas Due , Marcher Claus Werenberg , Schöllkopf Claudia , Sørensen Anne Louise Tølbøll , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Bøgsted Martin , Roug Anne Stidsholt 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains challenging and outcomes extremely poor. The introduction of venetoclax has transformed the treatment of AML and emerging data suggest that venetoclax‐based therapy may enforce salvage treatment.Materials and MethodsIn this nationwide Danish retrospective study, we analysed treatment outcomes of venetoclax‐based salvage treatment for R/R AML between 2019 and 2022. Only venetoclax‐naive patients who had previously received treatment with intensive chemotherapy therapy were included.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 43 R/R patients with a median age of 57 years. Nine (20.9%) were primary refractory and 34 (79.1%) patients had relapsed, including 21 after previous allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The overall response rate was 76.2% including 61.9% with composite complete remission (CRc: CR + CRi). Among CRc‐responders with information on measurable residual disease (MRD), 8/13 (61.5%) obtained an MRD‐negativity response. The overall survival was 9.3 months for all patients with an estimated 1‐year overall survival of 34%. For CRc‐responders the median overall survival was 13.3 months, and the median relapse‐free survival was 12.8 months.ConclusionVenetoclax‐based salvage treatment for R/R AML produced high response rates; however, for most patients the response was of limited duration. This study is limited by an observational design and prone to selection bias.
Near‐death experiences are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusions in migraine patients, independent of migraine aura
Authors: Raffaelli Bianca , Kull Pia , Mecklenburg Jasper , Lange Kristin S. , Overeem Lucas H. , Fitzek Mira P. , Siebert Anke , Steinicke Maureen , Triller Paul , Neeb Lars , Dreier Jens P. , Reuter Uwe , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMigraine aura, near‐death experiences (NDEs), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusions might share common mechanisms. Here, we investigated the prevalence of NDEs and REM sleep intrusions in people with migraine. We hypothesized that NDEs and REM sleep intrusions are more prevalent in migraine patients with aura than in those without.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross‐sectional cohort study at a tertiary headache center, based on a prespecified sample size (n = 808). Migraine patients completed a series of questionnaires, including questions about demographic and headache characteristics, the 16‐item Greyson NDE scale, four questions about REM sleep intrusions, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS‐21).ResultsOf 808 migraine patients (mean age 44.4 ± 13.3 years, 87.0% women), 353 (43.7%) had a current or previous history of migraine aura. Prevalence of NDE was 2.7% and not different in patients with and without aura (2.8% vs. 2.6%; p > 0.999). REM sleep intrusions were reported by 5.4% of participants and in a similar proportion of patients with and without aura (6.3% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.43). However, participants with REM sleep intrusions had had an NDE more often than participants without REM sleep intrusions (n = 5/44, 11.4% vs. n = 17/754, 2.2%; p = 0.005). Higher DASS‐21 scores were associated with REM sleep intrusions (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this tertiary center cohort study, the prevalence of NDE and REM sleep intrusions was not influenced by migraine aura status. However, we identified an association between NDE and REM sleep intrusions, which corroborates the notion that they might share pathophysiological mechanisms.
Altered frequency of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells is associated with development of inhibitors in patients with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Arandi Nargess , Zekavat Omid Reza , Shokrgozar Negin , Shahsavani Amin , Golmoghaddam Hossein , Kalani Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe development of anti‐factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies or “inhibitors” is a major complication following FVIII replacement therapy in patients with severe hemophilia A (HA), rendering the treatment inefficient. Data on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in inhibitor formation in these patients are rare. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether a difference in the FOXP3+ Tregs is linked to the formation of the inhibitors in severe HA patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 32 patients with severe HA (8 patients with inhibitors and 24 without inhibitors) and 24 healthy controls were enrolled. The frequency of FOXP3+ Tregs was determined using multicolor flow cytometry method.ResultsOur results showed that the median level of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs did not significantly differ between HA patients and healthy controls and between HA patients with and without inhibitors (P > 0.05). However, patients with inhibitors had significantly lower amounts of CD4+CD25−FOXP3+ Tregs compared to those without inhibitors as well as healthy controls (*P = 0.012 and *P = 0.004, respectively). The frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells was significantly higher in HA patients who developed inhibitors compared to the inhibitor‐negative ones whereas they were lower in inhibitor‐negative patients compared to the healthy controls (*P = 0.013 and *P = *0.029, respectively). The percentages of CD4+CD25+ T cells were positively correlated with the levels of inhibitors in HA patients (r = 0.45, *P = 0.021).ConclusionOur data demonstrated for the first time that the CD4+CD25−FOXP3+ Tregs might be implicated in the prevention of inhibitor formation in severe HA patients.
Associations between symptoms and functional capacity in patients after COVID‐19 infection and community controls
Authors: Huynh Quan , Wexler Noah , Smith Joel , Wright Leah , Ho Felicia , Allwood Richard , Sata Yusuke , Manca Stefano , Howden Erin , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC or ‘long COVID’) reflect ongoing symptoms, but these are non‐specific and common in the wider community. Few reports of PASC have been compared with a control group.AimsTo compare symptoms and objective impairment of functional capacity in patients with previous COVID‐19 infection with uninfected community controls.MethodsIn this community‐based, cross‐sectional study of functional capacity, 562 patients from Western Melbourne who had recovered from COVID‐19 infections in 2021 and 2022 were compared with controls from the same community and tested for functional capacity pre‐COVID‐19. Functional impairment (<85% of the predicted response) was assessed using the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) test. A subgroup underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after exercise training.ResultsOf 562 respondents (age 54 ± 12 years, 69% women), 389 were symptomatic. Functional impairment (<85% predicted metabolic equivalent of tasks) was documented by DASI in 149 participants (27%), and abnormal 6MWD (<85% predicted) was observed in 14% of the symptomatic participants. Despite fewer risk factors and younger age, patients with COVID‐19 had lower functional capacity by 6MWD (P < 0.001) and more depression (P < 0.001) than controls. In a pilot group of seven participants (age 58 ± 12 years, two women, VO2 18.9 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min), repeat testing after exercise training showed a 20% increase in peak workload.ConclusionsAlthough most participants (69%) had symptoms consistent with long COVID, significant subjective functional impairment was documented in 27% and objective functional impairment in 14%. An exercise training programme might be beneficial for appropriately selected patients.
SMAD4 regulates the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by modulating the expression of STING1
Authors: Shi An‐da , Zhao Li‐ming , Sheng Guo‐li , Zhang Ge‐ning , Tang Yong‐chang , Li Kang‐shuai , Zhang Zong‐li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSMAD4 is a tumour suppressor and an important regulator of tumour immune scape which is downregulated in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). STING1 is a vital sensing factor of abnormal DNA; however, the correlation between SMAD4 and STING1 and the role of the SMAD4‐STING1 interaction in the progression of CCA have not yet been evaluated. Public database was analysed to reveal the expression of SMAD4 and STING1. A cohort comprising 50 iCCA, 113 pCCA and 119 dCCA patients was assembled for the study. Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the expression levels of STING1 and SMAD4. In vitro transwell and CCK8 assays, along with luciferase reporter assay, were conducted to analyse the potential regulatory mechanisms of SMAD4 on the expression of STING1. Expression of SMAD4 and STING1 were downregulated in CCA tumours and STING1 expression correlated with SMAD4 expression. The overexpression of SMAD4 was found to suppress the migration, invasion and proliferation capabilities of CCA cells; whereas, the knockdown of SMAD4 enhanced these abilities. Furthermore, it was observed that SMAD4 translocated into the nucleus following TGF‐β1 stimulation. Knockdown of SMAD4 resulted in the inhibition of STING1 transcriptional activity, whereas the overexpression of SMAD4 promoted the transcriptional activity of STING1. Clinically, low STING1 and SMAD4 expression indicated poor prognosis in CCA, and simultaneously low expression of STING1 and SMAD4 predicts poorer patient survival. SMAD4 regulates the expression of STING1 through its transcription regulating function. Dual low expression of STING1 and SMAD4 had more power in predicting patient survival. These results indicate that SMAD4‐silenced CCA may downregulate its STING1 expression to adapt to the immune system.
Sweeteners allulose and neotame for potential use in house fly baits
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth E. , Barguez‐Arias Noah N. , Herrera Roseleen , King Bethia H. , Burgess Edwin R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe house fly, Musca domestica, is a cosmopolitan filth fly pest common in agricultural and urban areas where decaying organic matter is available for larval development. Adult M. domestica are nuisances and vectors of disease. When sanitation, screens, and sticky fly strips fail to control house fly populations, insecticide baits are often used. The use of baits can lead to the evolution of resistance, including not only physiological resistance to the toxicant but also behavioural resistance to the phagostimulant and to the toxicant. Here, the non‐nutritive sweeteners neotame and allulose were examined for their suitability as replacement phagostimulants in insecticidal baits for house flies. Suitability was assessed using proboscis extension response (PER) and consumption experiments. Allulose was further examined for insecticidal activity. Dry neotame elicited no PER, and it would not easily go into solution, so it was not examined in solution. Both in dry form and in solution, allulose elicited some PER and consumption, but only half or less of what sucrose or fructose elicited. Flies fed allulose alone had lower survival rates than flies fed sucrose alone. When given both allulose and sucrose, flies survived at similar rates to flies only fed sucrose. Neotame is not recommended as a replacement phagostimulant in bait formulations. Allulose alone is not recommended as a replacement phagostimulant. It remains to be seen whether combining allulose with sucrose as the phagostimulant in baits would result in as much bait consumption as just sucrose. If so, it might be worth testing whether the combination could serve as a rotational phagostimulant to prevent behavioural resistance to sucrose from evolving.
The nutritional impact of CD19‐targeted CAR‐T therapy versus BEAM chemotherapy for adult patients with lymphoma
Authors: Ahern Katie , Pham James , Sanderson Robin , Correia De Farias Madson , Walsh Kevin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy is a novel therapy demonstrating durable remissions in patients with refractory or relapsing non‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphoma. Maintaining a patient's nutritional status has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in cancer treatment. However, no studies have investigated how CAR‐T therapy affects nutritional status, nor compared its impact with other cancer treatments for this patient group. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CAR‐T therapy on the prevalence of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) and nutritional status within 30 days post‐treatment of patients with lymphoma compared to a conditioning regimen for autologous haematopoetic stem cell transplant (carmustine/BCNU, Etoposide, cytarabine/Ara‐C, Melphalan [BEAM] auto‐haematopoetic stem cell transplant [HSCT]).MethodsClinical notes of patients with lymphoma who underwent either CAR‐T therapy or BEAM auto‐HSCT between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed. Data extracted included body weight measurements and NIS, including decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, mucositis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity at baseline and 30 ± 7 days post‐treatment.ResultsIn total, 129 adults with lymphoma (n = 88 CAR‐T vs. n = 41 BEAM) were included. Nutritional status was assessed in both groups at baseline prior to treatment. Mean absolute weight change was significantly different between groups (3.05 kg in CAR‐T, −5.9 kg in BEAM, p ≤ 0.001). This was also significant when weight loss was categorised into percentage weight loss (p = 0.01). CAR‐T patients experienced a significantly lower prevalence of decreased appetite (52.3% vs. 97.6%) nausea (25% vs. 78%,) vomiting (10.2% vs. 53.7%), diarrhoea (43.2% vs. 96.7%) and mucositis (5.7% vs. 75.6%) combined across all levels of severity compared to BEAM chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.01). CRS and neurotoxicity, which are specific side effects of CAR‐T therapy, were moderately positively associated with weight loss.ConclusionsWeight loss, percentage weight loss and NIS were significantly reduced in CAR‐T compared to BEAM treatment. However, patients who experienced neurotoxicity during treatment did have significant weight loss.
Collaborative leadership to support sustainability in practice for dietitians as allied health professionals
Authors: Pettinger Clare , Tripathi Smita , Shoker Benji , Hodge Gary 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllied health professionals (AHPs) have an important role to support the Greener National Health Service (NHS) agenda. Dietitians are AHPs who are already demonstrating strong influence on food sustainability advocacy. There is call for more collaboration across the health professions to optimise “green” leadership in the pursuit of planetary health. The present study aimed to investigate the perceived role of AHP leaders and future leaders around more sustainable healthcare practices.MethodsA mixed methods approach using audio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews with strategic AHP leaders (n = 11) and focus groups with student AHPs (n = 2). Standardised open‐ended questions considered concepts of (i) leadership, (ii) green agenda, (iii) collaboration and (iv) sustainability. Purposive sampling used already established AHP networks. Thematic analysis systematically generated codes and themes with dietetic narratives drawn out specifically as exemplars.ResultsThe findings represent diverse AHP voices, with six of 14 AHPs analysed, including dietetic (future) leaders. Three key themes emerged: (1) collective vision of sustainable practice; (2) empowering, enabling and embedding; and (3) embracing collaborative change. Dietetic specific narratives included food waste, NHS food supply chain issues, and tensions between health and sustainability advice.ConclusionsThe present study shows that collaborative leadership is a core aspiration across AHP leaders and future leaders to inform the green agenda. Despite inherent challenges, participant perceptions illustrate how “change leadership” might be realised to support the net zero agenda within health and social care. Dietitians possess the relevant skills and competencies, and therefore have a fundamental role in evolving collaborative leadership and directing transformational change towards greener healthcare practices. Recommendations are made for future leaders to embrace this agenda to meet the ambitious net zero targets
I Want to Marry Rich: Why Cash Makes You a Desirable Partner
Authors: Carnes Christina Matz , Deb Palash , O'Brien Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBoth academics and practitioners frequently argue that ‘excessive’ firm cash reserves are likely to be squandered and thus may actually be detrimental to firm performance. Contrary to this narrative, we show that large cash reserves can have strong benefits for firms. Specifically, being cash‐rich helps firms form more strategic partnerships because cash helps assure potential partners that the focal firm will be able to adapt to unfolding contingencies. This assurance is particularly relevant in industry conditions that make disruptions either more likely or more costly. We explain how such disruptions arise due to uncertainty about partners' behaviours and thereby extend the literature in the area of transaction cost economics by shifting the focus from intentional opportunism to encompass unintentional factors that can impede a firm's ability to honour partnership agreements. This shift highlights a beneficial role of excess cash that is often overshadowed by the popular narrative on its wastefulness.
Integrated care models for co‐occurring alcohol use disorders and alcohol‐associated liver disease in rural communities: Telehealth considerations and opportunities
Authors: Osman Marcus , Koneru Gopala , Weber Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlcohol use disorders (AUD) and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) have growing impacts on public health, yet many do not receive evidence‐based care. People with co‐occurring AUD and ALD, especially those in rural communities with less access to specialty care, are most in need of novel integrated care models. The use of telehealth to facilitate co‐location within an integrated care model may help to improve access to AUD and ALD care while reducing barriers and improving recovery outcomes for both the substance use disorder and liver disease.