bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a flexible self-calculation scoring model to determine stroke occurrence
Authors: Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStroke has become a significant threat to global public health, the ideal solution to which is primary prevention. Identification and management of determinants of stroke among various variables in different datasets are essential steps for its primary prevention. This study aimed to develop a flexible scoring model, which can easily modify different datasets. The public dataset containing 41,931 cases with 643 occurrences of stroke was randomly divided into training, validation, and test datasets comprising 25,158 (60%), 8,386 (20%), and 8,387 (20%) cases, respectively. Three continuous variables (age, body mass index, and average glucose level) and seven categorical variables (heart disease, hypertension, sex, married/smoking/work/residence status) in the dataset were converted using the weight of evidence method. The significant variables among 10 transformed variables were selected using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The scoring model for stroke occurrence was developed in the training and validation datasets, and performance was evaluated in the test dataset. Age, average glucose level, heart disease, and hypertension were significant variables of stroke occurrence. The scoring model was easily calculated using four determinants and indicates that the stroke occurrence ranged from 0.04 to 12.50%. The performance of the scoring model on the test dataset was similar to that on the validation dataset. This novel point scoring model is flexible enough to modify various datasets and can be used for determinant identification. Furthermore, its simplicity allows individuals to manage determinants by self-calculating stroke occurrence. Our model contributes to primary prevention using determinant identification and management.
Use of RCC pile, anchor bolt and geogrid for building construction on the unstable slope
Authors: Jain Sanjaya Kumar , Nusari Mohammed Saleh , Shrestha Rajyaswori , Mandal Abhay Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid construction of buildings in urban area is creating lack of space available for new construction. This problem enforced to construct building on slope in hilly regions. However, the engineers and designers are concerned with the stability analysis of structures built on soil slopes, as it is difficult to achieve a uniform structural level on mountainous terrain. Also, it cannot be reduced to the same level of structural forms and part of base member may not be bound by an identical horizontal plane. The fundamental stability of the structure built on hill slope depends upon on its slope stability. Slope failure has been identified as one of the frequent devastating natural disasters that have claimed huge loss of property and lives. Therefore, in this research, “Phase 2 (2002)”, a Rocscience Finite Element (FE) program and “Slide”, a Rocscience limit equilibrium program were used to simulate and analyze a complex multi-staged model with RCC pile, Anchor Bolt and Geogrid for the stability analysis of slope. Bishop’s method was used to evaluate and analyze the factor of safety. Analysis of the two section (Section 1-1 and 2-2) of slope was taken into consideration for slope stability analysis. As per the analysis using the limit equilibrium approach, the factor of safety for existing slope at Section 1-1 and Section 1-1 was found to be 0.579 and 0.70 respectively. Moreover, it was found that the factor of safety of slope was increased significantly from 0.579 to 1.593 in Sections 1-1 and 0.70 to 1.319 in Section 2-2. In addition, the factor of safety of slope with strength reduction method is 1.408 and 1.05 for Sections 1 and 2 respectively after slope stabilization work in seismic condition. This shows that, the construction of buildings in slope terrain is possible, but it needs specialized excavation and slope protection work. RCC pile with anchor bolt and geogrid is one of the sustainable solutions for construction of structure in slope area.
Evaluation of the quality of patient involvement in a patient-led analysis of the lived experience of a rare disease
Authors: Lobban Dawn , Oliver Jacqui , Davio Kelly , Seddik Kenza , Porkess Veronica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients themselves are best placed to provide insights on the lived experience and to lead the analysis of such insights to bring the patient voice into peer-reviewed literature. In doing so, they can meet the authorship criteria for subsequent research publications. It is important to evaluate patient engagement to identify ways to improve future collaborations. Here, we describe the approach taken during a patient-led and patient co-authored analysis of the lived experience of generalized myasthenia gravis, which may be applicable to other indications. We also assessed the quality of patient engagement throughout the research project.

Methods
We used self-reported experience surveys based on the Patient Focused Medicines Development Patient Engagement Quality Guidance criteria for assessing patient engagement. The surveys were adapted to focus on individual projects and assessed eight domains using a five-point Likert scale. In September 2020, we invited eight patient council members to complete a self-reported experience survey following qualitative lived experience data generation. We calculated the average experience score as a percentage of the maximum possible score. Patient authors (n = 1) and non-patient authors (n = 3) were invited to complete a similar survey in November 2021, with questions customized for relevance, to evaluate the authorship experience following publication of the research.

Results
Overall, patient council members had a positive experience of taking part in this study, with an average experience score of 90% (71.6/80.0; n = 8). The patient author and non-patient authors rated their authorship experience highly, with average experience scores of 92% (78.0/85.0) and 97% (63.3/65.0), respectively. There were key aspects that contributed to the overall project success (e.g., ensuring that all participants were aligned on the project objectives at the outset and understood their roles and responsibilities). We also identified elements of the approach that could be improved in future collaborations.

Conclusion
In this patient-led analysis, patient council members, patient authors and non-patient authors had a positive experience of being involved in the project. We gained useful insights into elements that contributed to the project’s success and ways to improve future patient-led projects on the lived experience.
Self-inflicted penetrating brain injuries with preserved neurological function: a case series
Authors: Shaukat Shuja , Zaidi Syeda Mahrukh Fatima , Khatri Adil , Siddiqui Mishal Shan , Khulsai Muhammad Sameer , Ansari Abdul Basit , Ayesha Shabih , Khan Atiq Ahmed , Imran Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Penetrating trauma to the brain is a rare mode of self-harm in individuals with depressive psychosis. It may have variable presentations ranging from intact neurological status to non-survivable damage and the subjects may be surprisingly apathetic to pain. It is even unusual for such an injury to have an excellent prognosis despite coming late to clinical attention.

Case presentations
We report two cases of patients with psychotic depression who attempted suicide by hammering nails into their heads. On imaging, deep penetration within the brain parenchyma was noted; however, neither case had any neurological deficit or symptoms attributable to brain trauma.

Conclusions
Self-inflicted penetrating brain injuries with peculiar objects such as nails are rarely encountered in practice. They need prompt management for their removal and addressing the underlying mental health illnesses.
Large-vessel-occlusion in patients with previous ischemic stroke: an analysis of adherence to secondary preventive medication for different etiologies
Authors: Kohlhase Konstantin , Schäfer Jan Hendrik , Tako Lisa Marie , Willems Laurent M. , Hattingen Elke , Bohmann Ferdinand O. , Grefkes Christian , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Large vessel occlusion (LVO) is a severe condition that carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality, underscoring the importance of effective prevention strategies. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the intake of preventive medication at the time of hospitalization in a cohort of recurrent stroke patients presenting with acute LVO.

Methods
The study assessed the intake of either platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAI), oral anticoagulants (OAC) or statins at admission in patients with recurrent stroke and correlated it with the final classification of LVO. The frequency of those secondary preventive medication in recurrent stroke patients was defined as primary endpoint. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge was used as a functional outcome and defined as a secondary outcome measure.

Results
This study included 866 patients who were treated for LVO between 2016 and 2020, of whom 160 (18.5%) had a recurrent ischemic stroke. OAC (25.6% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.01), PAI (50.0% vs. 26.0%, p < 0.01), or statin therapy (50.6% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.01) at admission were significantly more frequent in recurrent stroke patients compared to patients with a first-time stroke. Concerning LVO etiology in recurrent stroke patients, OAC at admission was taken in 46.8% of cardioembolic LVO, whereas PAI and statin at admission in macroangiopathic LVO were administered to 40.0%; neither PAI nor OAC was taken in 26.0%, 28.3%, and 31.6% of cardioembolic, macroangiopathic, or cryptogenic strokes, respectively. Regardless of stroke recurrence or etiology, there was an increase in mRS at discharge.

Conclusions
Despite high-quality healthcare, this study suggested a significant proportion of patients with recurrent stroke who were either non-adherent or insufficiently adherent to secondary preventive medication. Given the disability associated with LVO, improving patients’ medication adherence and identifying unknown stroke causes are crucial for effective prevention strategies.
Computed tomography reference values estimation for femoral neck shaft angle in Egyptian healthy adults of both sexes
Authors: Ahmad Medhat Ibraheem Mohammad , Bushra Marina Talaat , Galal Ahmed Talat , Ouies Salwa Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Accurate measurement of the femoral neck shaft angle (NSA) is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of hip pathology, but its current reference values remain limited in the Egyptian adult population. This study was designed to provide reference that is reliable for femoral NSA measured by computed tomography (CT) in Egyptian healthy adults of both sexes. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study and analysis of the femoral NSA of healthy Egyptian adults of both sexes measured by CT. Six hundred hips in 300 adults (aged 18 and 60 years; 300 females) were evaluated in the simulated anterior pelvic plane (APP) and the rotation-corrected coronal reconstruction femoral neck plane (FNP) on both sides. We compared the measurements with age and sex, and a two-tailed nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to discover differences between both measurements.

Results
The mean NSA was 129.46° ± 5.06°, with a mean value of 129.65° ± 4.13° for males and 129.28° ± 3.71° for females. Simulated APP had a higher mean NSA 129.6° (range 115.7°–146.7°; SD 5.06°) than rotation-corrected coronal reconstruction in the FNP 127.73° (range 115.3°–144.6°; SD 4.9°). It was observed that there was a significant variation in the measurements of NSA between the two methods. The side influenced the NSA significantly on both views (p < 0.001); no significant differences were found between age and gender.

Conclusions
The current study attempts to develop population-specific data for femoral NSA reference values in Egyptian communities. No considerable difference was measured in NSA among males and females. It was observed that there was a side difference, with the NSA value being higher on the left than the right. We noted also that proper measurement of NSA is made possible by using NSA values obtained from rotation-corrected coronal reconstruction in the FNP. We anticipate that the findings will contribute to a better understanding of proximal femur morphology and may aid the majority of our population in selecting an implant that is compatible with hip anatomy.
Engineering properties of concrete incorporating waste glass as natural sand substitution with tin can fiber: experimental and ANN application
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Mita Ayesha Ferdous , Ray Sourav , Haque Mohaiminul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDisposal of waste material is causing environmental issues all around the world. Waste glass and tin can are two such products that impose detrimental effects on the environment. One feasible approach is to utilize these discarded materials as constituents of concrete. This study investigates the performance of concrete prepared with glass waste as fine aggregate (GWA) and tin can fiber (TCF) in terms of workability, fresh density, compressive, and splitting tensile strength as desired concrete properties. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach has been adopted for developing predictive models to simulate the impact of these waste materials on concrete properties. Experimental findings demonstrate that the worability of concrete mix decreases with increasing GWA and TCF contents in the mix. Increasing TCF percentages results in an increase in fresh density of concrete; however, a declining pattern in fresh density has been observed with increasing GWA percentage in the concrete mix. Compressive strength at all curing ages shows positive trends till 20% GWA and 1% TCF incorporation in concrete. Similar pattern has been observed for splitting tensile strength up to 10% GWA and 0.5% TCF. Constructed models are feasible for prediction of the desired concrete properties as verified by various statistical parameters. Sensitivity analysis reports that TCF has a greater influence on concrete properties than GWA.
Comparing measurements of lithium treatment efficacy in people with bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ulrichsen Andrea , Hampsey Elliot , Taylor Rosie H. , Gadelrab Romayne , Strawbridge Rebecca , Young Allan H. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Lithium has long been recognised as an effective treatment for bipolar disorder. Its relative efficacy has been measured with a diverse range of clinical outcomes, resulting in differences in efficacy reporting that have not been systematically reviewed.

Aims
We aimed to identify and compare the various measures of lithium efficacy employed in interventional studies for people with bipolar disorder.

Method
Database (PubMed, Web of Science) and hand searches were performed to identify studies that assessed a clinical response in patients with bipolar disorder who received lithium, up to the end of 2021. We included primary human interventional studies without excluding specific study designs, bipolar disorder subtypes, duration or dosage of lithium treatment. Continuous outcome effects were meta-analysed; binary outcomes were synthesised visually and narratively. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study-level risk of bias.

Results
Seventy-one studies were included (N = 30 542). Approximately two-thirds of participants attained a clinically significant improvement in manic or depressive symptoms, and over 50% achieved remission. About a third required hospital admission (study length 2–12 years) and around 50% needed further treatment to stay well or had recurrence of symptoms; the latter two outcomes tended to be assessed over long-term maintenance periods.

Conclusions
An abundance of measurements have been used to assess lithium's clinical effects, across several study designs. Despite the resultant high heterogeneity, an overall picture of lithium's effects emerges that supports previous literature; between half and two-thirds of patients respond well to lithium across varying outcome measures, baseline mood states, study durations and bipolar disorder subtypes.
Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Internal Branch Block of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Reduces Postoperative Sore Throat Caused by Double Lumen Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chen Zheping , Jin Yanwu , Lu Guodong , Jin Yuelong , Feng Chang , Zhao Xin 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is one of the more common side effects of tracheal intubation patients under general anesthesia (GA) after extubation using double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs). The internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block (iSLNB) have been reported to anesthetize the larynx for airway manipulation (such as awake tracheal intubation) and pain treatment efficiently. We hypothesized that ultrasound-guided iSLNB (US-guided iSLNB) combined with GA would ameliorate the incidence and severity of POST and hoarseness.

METHODS:
Patients (n = 82) undergoing thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules/lobes/segments with one-lung ventilation (OLV) under GA were randomized into 2 groups depending on whether performed with iSLNB (S group, n = 41) or not (C group, n = 41) under GA. Patients in the S group received US-guided iSLNB bilaterally before surgery. POST and hoarseness were assessed at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of POST at 6 hours after surgery between groups.

RESULTS:
The overall accumulated incidence of POST was lower in the S goup than in the C group (9/41 vs 20/41; 95% CI, 0.30 [0.11–0.77]; P = .011). The incidence and severity of POST was lower in the S group than in the C group at 2 hours (9/41 vs 20/41; 95% CI, 0.30 [0.11–0.77]; P = .008 and P = .004) and 6 hours after (7/41 vs 17/41; 95% CI, 0.29 [0.10–0.81]; P = .012 and P = .015) surgery. The incidence and severity of POST at 24 hours after surgery was nonsignificant. However, the incidence and severity of hoarseness was comparable between the 2 groups at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative US-guided iSLNB could significantly ameliorate the incidence and severity of POST induced by double-lumen bronchial catheter intubation
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Goulding Marc , Meade Teresa , Power Margaret 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This essay explores several key themes regarding political imprisonment and confinement. Neither governments nor activists agree on who is and who is not a political prisoner. Governments routinely deny they imprison people for political reasons. Instead, they consistently seek to criminalize those they detain as part of their effort to maintain the legitimacy of their rule and delegitimize those who act against it. A common definition of who is and who is not a political prisoner does not exist among prisoners, activists, or supporters. No international organizations or national bodies have developed a shared description of what constitutes a political prisoner. Instead, as this essay and the articles that follow illustrate, the subject is a matter of debate and discussion.
“Uncle Sugar’s Belles”
Authors: Alfin Kathleen E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines the confinement of Liberian women by US Army Forces in Liberia (USAFIL) for the purpose of regulated prostitution during World War II. The racial makeup of USAFIL as an overwhelmingly African American unit and its deployment to the only sovereign Black republic in Africa created what US Army officials called “an exceptional situation.” This essay explores what army leaders meant by “exceptional” and the resultant creation of “exceptional measures” to control sexual liaisons between American soldiers and women in Liberia. Sexual relations between Black GIs and Liberian women defied the racist segregationist logic used by American military leaders to police Black GIs’ sexuality elsewhere during the war. USAFIL officials consequently racialized venereal disease and prostitution to justify confining and regulating Black Liberian women’s bodies in the name of soldiers’ health, as well as to uphold their racial and military authority. Shifting perspectives, this case study then considers how women in Liberia resisted army regulation of their sexuality and what they gained and lost through sex work, despite their confinement. Finally, this essay analyzes USAFIL’s regulation of prostitution in a transnational comparative context to illuminate the exceptional authority US Army officials assumed and asserted over women and prostitution in Liberia.
Political Prison and the Rise of State Violence in Argentina during the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: D’Antonio Débora 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Historical analyses of human rights violations in Argentina during the late Cold War have often focused on the fate of desaparecidos, the disappeared who were kidnapped, tortured, and sometimes murdered in clandestine detention centers during the 1976–83 military dictatorship. Instead, this article rethinks the chronology and nature of state violence in Argentina, examining how the situation of political prisoners in regular prisons officially recognized by the state was already deteriorating in 1960s, even under civilian regimes. The military achieved increasing control over the penitentiary system, especially after 1966, driving this institution away from the goal of reforming criminals and reshaping it as a tool to incarcerate political dissidents, who were treated as subversives with diminishing legal rights. This encroachment over the penitentiary intensified throughout the years, showing that the military used state institutions to control social conflict before 1976 and that it did so also through legal means and outside concealed clandestine spaces.
“This Argument Is Far from Over”
Authors: Felber Garrett , Ward Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores the implications of a 1974 political debate between the radical priest Daniel Berrigan and the revolutionary theorists James Boggs and Grace Lee Boggs regarding support for the political prisoner Martin Sostre, as well as the meaning of the designation political prisoner itself. To begin, the article outlines and contextualizes their opposing positions—Berrigan’s view, common among radicals at the time, that all imprisonment is political, and the Boggses’ fear that lumping together political and nonpolitical prisoners would result in theoretical and political miscalculations, such as mistaking the rebellion of the most oppressed for fundamental revolutionary change. Such analysis highlights the stakes of these characterizations for revolutionary struggle. In particular, the dialogue between Berrigan and the Boggses reveals the limits of static definitions of political subjecthood and shows how studying and learning from these historical debates can help to create more nuanced, flexible, and capacious political visions and practices.
Just before Freedom
Authors: Belej Cecilia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This Curated Spaces features a visual essay of photographs made by Alicia Sanguinetti, an Argentinean political prisoner of Alejandro Lanusse’s military government, on the last day of her captivity in Villa Devoto prison in Buenos Aires. Sanguinetti and her fellow political prisoners of the 1966–73 dictatorship were released by the democratic president Héctor Cámpora on the day he took office. This event, which occurred on May 25, 1973, is known as the Devotazo. Sanguinetti took these photographs—a roll of thirty-six black-and-white images—with a camera that her brother smuggled into the prison. The text includes comments by Alicia Sanguinetti from her interview with the author.