bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancement of Open Hole Gravel Pack and Zonal Isolation with Selective Intelligent Completion in Deepwater Malaysia
Authors: Samuel Elvy , Nopsiri Noppanan , Chan Fong Lee , Kalalo Alxner , Moses Nicholas , Jayadi Agus , Yi Ding , Nordin Amirul , Teoh Melissa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs fields mature, the drilling and completion design and execution for infill development becomes challenging. In a deepwater environment, one of the strategies to address this challenge is to optimize subsea facilities by targeting several reservoir packages in a single wellbore. However, this technique comes with technical challenges because penetrating different zones requires active reservoir management, an allowance for zonal isolation, and an adequate response to potential crossflow. A smart completion architecture should overcome these constraints and reduce overall capital expenditure while maximizing production. Furthermore, for wells requiring sand control, the completion solution must ensure a reliable and proven approach that minimizes the potential completion failures introduced by unsuccessful sand retention. This paper presents the completion strategy implemented in an intelligent well completed in the Malaysian deepwater Block K, during the field development of Siakap North Petai (SNP) Phase 2 and executed in Q1 2022.
Production Optimisation and Surface Network Debottlenecking Using an Integrated Asset Model for Vietnam Offshore Field Development
Authors: Le Quang Dat , Hoang Ngoc Dong , Rangponsumrit Manisa , Supalasate Phruettiphan , Ngo Khanh Dong , Nguyen Duy Hung , Tran Minh Dung , Ho Van Tam , Luong Van Chi , Ali Samad , Antoneus Sarjono Tasi , Khan Osama Hasan , Hii Sing Kiet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCNV field in offshore Vietnam is experiencing excessive surface back pressure due to extended production pipeline and increasing field gas-oil ratio (GOR), which not only constraints the production from existing wells but also creates a challenge in evaluating production gain from future development activities. Therefore, it is critical to properly account the back pressure effect to generate a reliable long term production forecast for further investment decision.This paper describes the details of integrating subsurface dynamic reservoir simulation model with surface network simulation model to holistically assess the impact of back pressure. The conventional method of using standalone dynamic simulation model is compared against the integrated model. The well control mode in the reservoir model is updated with the response of the network model, which consist of wells, topside piping, facility equipment and export pipelines. With this approach, the surface pressure constraints and responses will be captured, and the reservoir, well and network performance will be impacted accordingly. A unified field management is designed using an advanced orchestration engine to control the well operating conditions, schedule well activities and activation of equipment in the operational cycle.Thorough assessment can be performed with the inclusion of accounting interactions between reservoir and network parameters. This integrated modelling workflow allows multiple domains of reservoir engineering, production engineering and engineering contractors to collaborate and achieve a better understanding of the impact of surface back pressure by producing a representative forecast of production profile.To address the back pressure problem in the current facility, debottleneck the surface network and improve production was evaluated by installation of additional surface equipments such as booster pump and compressor. In general, the integrated model provides critical insights to the field development planning, evaluation for de-bottle necking surface system and production optimization.There is lack of publication on the successful usage of the integrated surface network with subsurface dynamic simulation as it is uncommon for this feature in conventional modelling workflows. This paper describes the successful case of the implementation of an integrated simulation modelling workflow to simulate long term surface back pressure effect, back pressure from additional production into the system, and benefits of new surface equipment installation. Highly efficient and accurate prediction tool was developed in the scope of this study.
Increasing Working Gas Volume of UGS Based on Low Permeability Lithological Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Wang Zhenjia , Lan Yifei , Zhao Chenyang , Liu Jinhua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
A low-permeability lithological reservoir was successfully put into operation in 2015 as a gas storage system. The field S2 Underground Gas Storage (UGS) is located in the Ordos Basin and is primarily alithological trap, with low permeability, high heterogeneity, and no obvious seal boundaries. Based on low permeability, low abundance, low vertical wells productivity, low pressure coefficient, serious skin damage in the bottomhole during drilling and completion, strong heterogeneity and unclear lithological boundaries, low control of injection-withdrawal well patterns, the working gas volume and operating efficiency of S2 UGS underperformed relative to modeled expectations. The technical solutions to improve the working gas volume of S2 USG focused upon: well pattern optimization, well placement, stimulation treatment, infillings, and increasing of operating maximum pressure. The results demonstrate that if reasonable technical solutions are adopted, even poor and low-quality storage reservoirs with low permeability, and strong heterogeneity, can be utilized as natural gas storage targets.
This discussion provides an overview of approaches used in the Ordos Basin to make operation of S2 UGS more efficient. The development of this project, particularly regarding the operation processes and the resulting adjustments, are noteworthy. The development of such UGS reservoirs require new insights into the performance criteria which can be applied to other reservoirs in the future.
High Specific Gravity, Ultrafine Particle Size and Acid Soluble Manganese Tetra Oxide Succeeds in Replacing Heavy Brines as Completion and Workover Fluid
Authors: I.M. El Barrasi Ismaeel Musa , Hale Arthur , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , El Mohandes Mamdouh Atef , Ali Ibrahim Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectives/ScopeA high-density completion and workover fluid (18-20 ppg) was required for deep high-pressure gas wells. The traditional clear completion brines, which provide a solids-free environment to run and set downhole completion equipment were evaluated and were not approved as they came with an expensive price tag and, more importantly, they came with serious health, safety, and environmental concerns in addition to formation damage concerns. The available alternative barite weighed water-based mud (WBM) was used as completion fluid to set lower completion; however, due to the concentration and size of the solids contained in this system, serious issues became evident. These included leaks due to poor sealing, string plugging, and stuck completions due to barite settlement issues. Manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) was evaluated as an alternative to barite as it has higher specific gravity and a much smaller particle size.Methods, Procedures, ProcessTo overcome all limitations of brines and barite WBM, and achieve the required density for well control purposes, to address this issue, rigorous lab work was performed to formulate a completion and workover fluid with viscous sodium chloride brine. Additional density was achieved with manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4).Results, Observations, ConclusionsManganese tetroxide has a very low SAG index due to its ultrafine particle size. The small size of manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) eliminated the solids sag and settlement issues that were associated with barite weighed fluid and allowed for longer static fluid periods without the need to interrupt operations to circulate and condition the fluid saving significant time lost on sorting out all barite sagging related issues in previous completion and workover operations.Novel/Additive InformationThis paper presents laboratory design data and comparative data where this type of high-density fluid is used to successfully run lower completions and perform successful workover operations in gas wells without any problems.
A Systematic Approach in Methodology for Permanent Plug Placement in Deepwater Subsea Plug and Abandonment Campaign
Authors: Allapitchai M Shahril Majid , Johan Ahmad Luqman , Liew William Sin Yoong , Sellapan Sattiyaraju , M’Bareck Khalil Ould Mohamed , Ahmad Zaini Ahmad Hafizi , Abdul Razak Mohd Hairi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWells plug & abandonment was carried out in a deepwater field (Field C) offshore West Africa. There were 15 deepwater subsea wells, in this field. Thirteen of the wells were completed with Open Water Vertical Xmas Tree (OXT) while remaining two were completed with Enhanced Vertical Xmas Tree (EVXT). All the wells were permanently abandoned with permanent barriers established in accordance to Norsok D-010, rev 4. (2013). This involved establishing well barriers which would both horizontally and vertically effective. Plug and abandonment in a subsea environment remains a major challenge most operators face around the world. This paper will discuss the systematic approach to establish the methodology for plug placement by Operator for installing permanent abandonment barriers in their campaign.The paper shall discuss the systematic approach in permanent plug placement as well as highlight challenges and lessons learnts. The paper discusses the guidelines and philosophy to devise methodology for permanent plug placement based on industry capability. The paper also shares the novel approach in devising Plug Placement decision tree as well as well as explanation on principle behind the method. The paper will share on the process flow used by Operator for the permanent abandonment of these wells. Other than that, paper shall highlight the implementation of the decision tree during operations with examples. The best practices and lessons learnts in the plug placement methodology implementation during Operator's campaign in subsea plug and abandonment shall also be discussed in this paper. Ultimately, the paper shall also share on the recommendation for future subsea abandonment planning to assist Operator in their planning.
Application and Performance Monitoring of Compound Air Plasma Lightning Rejection System
Authors: Ho Agnes Yin Yee , Azaman Dzulkarnain , Ahmad Umar Zakir , Chin Han Shen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to share on the application and performance monitoring of Compound Air Plasma Lightning Rejection (CPLR) system at an onshore terminal facility. Malaysia is one of the top three countries in the world with high lightning density, recorded average of 13.9 flashes per square kilometer annually. Thus, the country's oil and gas industry is indeed vulnerable to the dangerous impact of lightning, often associated with risk like fire, explosion, and release of hazardous material. During the initial stage of lightning development, the air acts as an insulator between positive and negative charges at the cloud and ground. However, when the difference between charges is too great, the insulating capacity of the air breaks down, caused rapid discharge of electricity and resulting in a lightning formation. Upon detection of potential difference between storm cloud and ground, CPLR will release plasma ion, that in theory will neutralize the positive and negative ions and eventually prevent lightning to happen.This paper will discuss on the investigation outcome of two vent fire incidents at the produced water tanks of an oil and gas receiving facility at east coast of Malaysia, in relation with the functionality of this novel active lightning protection system. Detailed comparison has been made between CPLR lightning rejection data and the data from an electricity utility research company (TNB-Research) lightning mapping to study the system's reliability and effectiveness.During the first vent fire incident in 2018, data analysis showed that there was no lightning strike within the CPLR coverage area and suspected the lightning propagated from the nearest striking point in lightning mapping following the path of least resistance. In addition, this also surfaced up several installation issues such as insufficient protection coverage due to incorrect pole height design, communication card failure etc. Identified action items have been implemented to restore the CPLR system for tank lightning protection. After that, the system has been closely monitored for its performance and it showed reliable lightning rejection data in year 2020 with no vent fire occurence. However, the second vent fire incident happened in 2021. Post investigation, TNB-R data showed that the lightning stroke 200m from the produced water tank recorded peak current value at −68kA which was two times higher than the average lightning amperage. This concluded that CPLR was unable to reject propagated lightning of high magnitude as well.In overall, CPLR system is proved to be functioning but with limitation in terms of coverage area and lightning magnitude (kA). With this paper presented, it is expected to complement this novel technology literature with its proof of function, field site installation precautions and as-found system limitations.
Success Journey Designing the First Gas Storage Application
Authors: Fallatah Mohammed , Alsulmi Mohammed , Alhummam Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to shed light on the engineering optimizations and environmental initiatives adopted on Hawiyah Gas Storage facility process design; in order to build a robust facility that would support Saudi Aramco to continue being the industry pioneer and sustainable energy supplier, and meet Saudi Arabia decarbonization targets and minimize environmental footprint.
Hawiyah Gas Storage facility is one of the recent projects built to support the Kingdom energy sector by transforming the power generation industry from crude oil burning to natural gas by addressing the natural gas seasonal supply and demand variation. Eventually, it will enable reducing the greenhouse gas emissions by deploying numerous environmental initiatives, such as attaining lesser fugitive emissions valves, installation of flare gas recovery solution, implementation of relief valves leaks monitoring technology and the installation of ultrasonic gas leak detection systems.
As far for the engineering optimizations; several innovative ideas and case studies were considered in the facility preliminary and detailed design; including the optimization of the Inlet Facility Manifold and the Reproduction Facility Bypass Mode Optimization. The implementation of above-mentioned initiatives had resulted in significant improvements in the facility safe operability, maintainability, and indeed construability at site.
Throughout this paper, the deployed initiatives will be described in details along with the applied methodology to complete the study evaluation, and conclude with the result and discussion.
The Success Case of the Decontamination of Production Sealines in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Chanvanichskul Chatawut , Punpruk Suchada , Phanichtraiphop Pheerasak , Silakorn Passaworn , Taksanont Danai , Petchpong Sataporn , Taratapan Peerapong , Sirivikrom Sumet , Sukbanjongwatthana Rittichai , Jinarakpong Suthasinee , Dararatana Naruphorn , Sirithanawuthichai Sukthida , Danthainum Athip , Sillapacharn Thitinun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOil and Gas Pipelines usually contain many contaminants from their long operational services in production. Prior to abandonment of a pipeline at the end of production, the environmental impact due to decommissioning must be assessed in order that the best pipeline decommissioning option, i.e. leave-in-place or by total removal, can be selected. In case of leave-in-place is selected, the decontamination of pipeline shall be performed so that the contaminant concentration is less than an acceptable level. PTTEP have developed own technologies to cover all scopes of decontamination works including contaminant measurement in pipeline since 2015. R&D were performed through technical survey, proof-of-concept, prototype testing, field testing to full deployment to 3 pipelines. The R&D were performed with academic/research institutes, contractors/manufacturers and government bodies. The R&D were divided into 3 main activities: Decontamination Methodology, Decontamination Chemical, Intelligent Sampling Pig.In 2021, PTTEP commenced the full decontamination using these own developments on three pipeline in the Gulf of Thailand to support the option selection of pipeline decommissioning.In this report, the summary of the overall pipeline decontamination process including the technology trial of all 3 R&D activities of three pipelines are described.
The Effect of Rock Type on CO2 Foam for CO2 EOR and CO2 Storage
Authors: Sæle Aleksandra M. , Graue Arne , Alcorn Zachary Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCO2 foam is an effective method to reduce CO2 mobility and improve displacement efficiency in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage applications. Foam strength and stability are key parameters that influence the efficiency of the foam which depend on several factors including the presence of oil, injection velocity and rock type. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of rock type on CO2 foam strength and stability by conducting corefloods with sandstone and carbonate rocks at reservoir conditions. The effect of injection velocity and the presence of residual oil on the foam generation and displacement efficiency was also investigated.Steady-state CO2 injections revealed differences in foam generation, strength and stability in sandstone compared to carbonate based on the calculated apparent viscosities. Results showed that the strongest foam was generated in sandstone compared to carbonates because of higher absolute permeability. Drainage-like co-injections with increasing gas fraction showed the relation between rock permeability and the limiting capillary pressure and co-injection at different injection velocities revealed shear-thinning foam rheology in both rock types. Despite stronger foam generation in sandstone, unsteady-state CO2 injections showed similar oil displacement efficiency in both rock types. CO2 foam increased oil recovery by 200% in both rocks compared to CO2 injection without foam. In addition, foam showed a significant impact on water displacement compared to pure CO2 injection which is advantageous for CO2 storage applications. Water recovery during CO2 EOR was 60% in sandstone and 88% in limestone. Dissolution of calcite was observed in limestone, which increased pore space and the CO2 storage capacity. Overall, the results indicate that CO2 foam generation, stability and coalescence are sensitive to rock permeability and pore geometry in the conducted experiments.
Sand Data Acquisition in Gas Terminal: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Tuan Mahmud Tuan M Yusoff , T Aziz Tengku Zulfadzly , Myo Thant Maung Maung , C Daud M Faizal , M Johar Juhaida 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To maximize the hydrocarbon production from wells with sand, the new operating philosophy adopted for sand control. It focusses on limiting production based on the acceptable erosion risk instead of sand production rate. To achieve this, combination of sand production data and laboratory analysis on particle size of the produced sand is crucial. This paper aims to present the challenges and solutions applied for gas terminal sand data acquisition and lab analysis to obtain representative sand data.
A discussion on typical sand acquisition technologies is discussed. The experience from sub-optimal performance within the company are analyzed, the improvement opportunities are identified. Due to the volatile nature of condensate as compared to crude oil, alternative to conventional sampling method need to be applied for gas terminals. Dual particle filtration setup was developed to capture the wider particle range down to 1 micron. The data acquisition was conducted using a closed loop sand sampling system where the outlet of the sampling equipment is connected back to the processing system. To cover the dynamic of sand production, the data acquisition conducted at both normal and pigging operation for 6 hours continuous duration. The collected samples were analyzed using Automated Minerology imaging technology for particle sand distribution and minerology determination
The facility was not designed to receive sand including sand sampling facilities, hence imposed several challenges to acquire the sand data. From the experience during the sampling activity, there are few good observations and lessons learnt from utilizing the innovative approach as follows.
The online continuous sampling allows longer sampling duration without causing interruption to operation. The dual particle filtration ensures as much as possible solid particles that pass through the system will be filtered for analysis. The close loop sampling setup minimizes the exposure of harmful hydrocarbon to the personnel with might contain hazardous contaminant. Sampling that is conducted at different operation mode i.e., normal and pigging will provide wider range of sand PSD and volume.
Due to fines sand, only a small volume of sample was captured at the filter and insufficient for the analysis using conventional LPSA/Dry Sieve method. The recent technology approach via Automated Minerology imaging technology eliminates the issue of limited sample volume.
The experience from the sand data acquisition activity enhances understanding and provides opportunities to explore other sampling technologies/techniques and analysis methods. It is important for the team to assess in totality.