bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens in a tertiary hospital, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Otaigbe I. I. , Ebeigbe E. , Okunbor H. N. , Oluwole T. O. , Elikwu C. J. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Increasing rates of antibiotic resistance have made it necessary to regularly monitor antibiotic susceptibility patterns of gram negative bacterial uropathogens in order to optimize antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, southwest Nigeria.
Methodology: This study was a retrospective review of the Medical Microbiology Laboratory records of the hospital to analyze the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative urinary bacterial isolates between May 2016 and April 2022. The bacteria were isolated and identified from routine urine samples using standard bacteriological methods. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) to amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem was routinely performed by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test and susceptibility break points determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: A total number of 3,549 urine samples were processed during the period of review, and 808 (22.8%) samples yielded positive bacterial cultures. Of the 808 isolates, 604 (74.8%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (41.9 %) and Klebsiella spp (27.5%) while Pseudomonas spp and Proteus spp accounted for 4.3% and 1.0% of all isolates respectively. Meropenem had the highest in vitro antibacterial activity (74.3% to 90.3% of isolates were sensitive) for all isolates. Overall, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp. showed high resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanate (65.3% to 97.1%).
Conclusion: Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs must be in place in order to ensure the appropriate use of antibiotics for treating urinary tract infections.
Caseous lymphadenitis: A case of sheep and its management in Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Dessalew 
Published: August 2023

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a contagious and chronic bacterial disease of animals that affects the lymphatic system with the formation of abscesses. This case report documents a sheep diagnosed with CLA that was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture (AAU-CVMA), Bishoftu on March 06/2022. The primary complaint was weakness, anorexia, and a slight, fluctuating, sickleshaped, enlarged swelling in the neck region between the ear and jaws, which developed due to a laceration by a wire on the fence. Physical and clinical examination revealed increased body temperature (40.7oC) and respiratory rate (44 breaths/min) and mildly fluctuating swelling on lymph nodes. Anorexia, coughing, general ill thrift, exercise intolerance, and enlargement of subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes around the neck region were observed. Aspiration of the swelling revealed thick, pale greenish-cheesy pus. Using the Ethiopian Differential Diagnosis and Information Environment App-based diagnosis and bacterial culture of the pus revealed the case as CLA. It was managed by surgical removal of the pus, topical wound spray, and systemic administration of fortified procaine penicillin for five days intramuscular and once topically on the site, respectively. The sheep recovered after a month. In conclusion, CLA is a challenging suppurative disease of sheep and goats that can be successfully treated by topical wound management and systemic penicillin therapy.
Bovine mastitis: Prevalence, causes and associated risk factors in Silte Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfay Yared , Abda Sultan , Sheferaw Desie 
Published: August 2023

Mastitis is an important disease of dairy cows, and it causes huge economic losses to dairy farm owners due to a decrease in milk production, and reduction in milk quality, and an increase in the cost of cow treatment. A crosssectional study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia’s Silte zone from October 2020 to June 2021 aimed to estimate mastitis prevalence, assess related risk factors, and identify prevalent bacterial causes. Three hundred eighty-four lactating cows were examined for abnormalities in udder quarters and teats. Milk samples were tested for subclinical mastitis via the California mastitis test (CMT) and cultured for causative agents from clinical mastitic and CMT-positive cows. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 54.9% (95% CI=49.9-59.9), of which 52.1% (95% CI=47.1-57.1) was subclinical and 2.9% (95% CI=1.6 -5.1) clinical mastitis. From a total of 1536 quarters examined 41 (2.7%) quarters were found blind and 427 (27.7%) quarters were affected by mastitis. Overall, more hind quarters, 236 (55.5%) were affected than the front quarters, 189 (44.5%) of udder. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher during early lactation, ≤4 months (p< 0.05); and it was increased with increasing parity (p< 0.05) and age (p< 0.05). Cows with no bedding were more affected than those with bedding (p< 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that cows with round and flat teat ends were 2.84 and 11.85 times more likely to contract mastitis. Also, cows with pendulous udder, producing more than 10 liters per day milk and during the early 4 months of lactation were 1.87, 6.81, and 2.14 more likely affected by mastitis than normal udder, producing less than 10 liters of milk per day and lactation after five months, respectively. Milk samples collected from 211 mastitis-positive cows were cultured using standard bacteriological technique, and the isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.2%), Staphylococcus intermedius (11.6%), Staphylococcus hyicus (11.1%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8.9%), Streptococcus disgalactiae (6.3%), E. coli (5.8%), Streptococcus uberis(5.3%), Klebsiella spp. (1.6%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.1%). Owners should givepro per udder care and are advised to apply dry cow therapy. Extension workers should raise awareness.
Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i> infection in cattle and small ruminants in South Omo zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Senait , Kumsa Bersissa , Getachew Yitbarek , Kinfu Getachew , Gumi Balako , Rufaele Tesfaye , Megersa Bekele 
Published: August 2023

A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of the South Omo Zone to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors. Additionally, the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of livestock keepers about the disease were also assessed. A total of 1349 sera samples were collected from 450 cattle and 899 small ruminants (450 goats and 449 sheep) kept under an extensive production system. Rose Bengal Plate Test was used for screening and ELISA as a confirmatory test for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. Based on confirmatory tests, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.2 % (95% CI: 1.1 – 4.1%) in cattle, 2.0% (95% CI: 0.9, 3.8%) in goats and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5, 2.9%) in sheep with higher seropositivity in cattle compared to small ruminants. Seropositivity did not vary significantly (p> 0.05) with agroecology, age, and sex groups in cattle. However, a higher seroprevalence of 2.7% was detected in male cattle compared to 1.6% for females. Seroprevalence was higher in small ruminants from the lowland agroecology (3.0%) than those from the midlands (0.8%). Study respondents had a low level of knowledge on brucellosis with only 43% of them having some information about the disease. Most of the respondents have routinely engaged in practices that can expose them to infections such as assisted delivery (65%), contact with after-birth materials (50%), and handling aborted materials (15%) without any protection. High consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (93%) such as raw whole milk and traditionally fermented dairy product is also common. This study provides information on the occurrence f brucellosis in major livestock species kept at cross-border marginal areas with limited disease information. The existence of various exposure practices implies the need for creating awareness among livestock keepers on general disease transmission and its zoonotic role.
Contextualizing Language as a Tool of Value Degeneration: A Sociolinguistic Study of Language of Corruption in Nigeria
Authors: Oboko Uche 
Published: August 2023

Corruption has traversed all lengths and breadth of the Nigerian nation. The corrupt practice is mostly ornamented with language. The present study aims to ascertain the linguistic codings used to mask corruption in educational, civil service, political and social settings. Data for the study were collected from notable online newspaper and media sources, which include: The Vanguard, The Guardian, The Punch, This Day, The Nation, The Premium, Sahara Reporters, Naira land and others published between 2015 and 2021. The data from online sources were complemented by focused group discussions, unstructured interviews and participant’s observation method. The study adopted a qualitative research design and a random sampling method in selecting a total of hundred respondents from the five states that make up the southeast zone in Nigeria. The paper anchored its analyses on the conceptual model of Sapir-Whorf relativity framework and the analyses were done using interpretative textual analysis model. Findings from the study reveal that using words, phrases and expressions which are reflected in coinages, code-mixing, reduplication, metonymy, metaphor, slang, borrowing, pidginization, lexical reversals and creative usages to mask corruption have far-reaching effects on national development. The paper recommends that in considering the fight against corruption, the government should pay attention to the linguistic embellishments that act as the lifeline of the negative practice.
When Vulgarism Comes through Popular music: An Investigation of Slackness in Zimdancehall Music
Authors: Maguraushe Wonder 
Published: August 2023

In Zimbabwe, popular music, particularly the Zimdancehall music genre, has become a cultural site where Shona moral values clash with explicit sexual lyrical content despite a censorship regime in the country. This article examines the nature and cultural consequences of the moral decadence that emerges in popular Zimdancehall song lyrics by several musicians. The article illustrates how vulgar language popularises Zimdancehall songs in unheralded ways that foster identities laced with cultural ambivalences that may portray the artists as both famous and depraved. This qualitative study does textual and content analysis of 11 purposively sampled songs with sex terms to elucidate the cultural inconsistencies in Zimdancehall song narratives. Analysis is informed by the Neuro-Psycho-Social theory, which recognises how socio-cultural restrictions are challenged by an emerging ghetto culture like new wine in old bottles. Alternative unsanctioned new popular music genres can be used to permeate the sociocultural system.
Assessment of Microplastics Contamination in River Water, Bottled Water, Sachet Water and Branded Table Salt Samples in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu A. O. , Okunola O. J. , Awe F. E. , Musa A. A. 
Published: August 2023

Microplastics (MPs) < 5 mm-sized are regarded as global environmental contaminants. This study analyzes MP concentrations in the Kaduna River (raw water), treated water from two conventional water treatment plants, brands of bottled water, and food-grade salts available in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained show that levels of MPs ranged from 25 to 36 particles L-1 in treated water, and to 153 particles L-1 in raw water. While samples of bottled water contained 1.4 to 3.7 particles L-1 and samples of table salt contained 0.13 to 0.27 particles g-1. Water and salt samples contained five different types of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate. Additionally, MPs were divided into three groups based on their physical characteristics. In both raw and treated water, fragments were clearly more prevalent; in samples of bottled water and table salt, fragments and fibers predominated. Microplastics in bottled water pose a medium pollution risk, according to pollution risk indices. The estimated daily intake was generally minimal, indicating little harm from daily consumption, but it also demonstrates that children have a larger intake of microplastics than adults. Leaching from the packing material was identified as the MPs' primary source. This study fills the knowledge gap in the area of emerging microplastic pollution of water sources, drinking water, and food-grade salt.
Response of Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>L Wilczek) Genotypes to Different Spacing Types in Derived Savannah Agroecology of Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ukwu U.N. , Agbirionwu A.C. , Dauda N. , Adewuyi S.O. , Osadebe V.O. , Anozie C.C. 
Published: August 2023

Population density is an important determinant of crop yield. For optimum crop production, the best spacing requirement must be adopted. Although the recommended spacing requirement of mungbean is abundant in literature globally, there is no such information on studies conducted within derived savannah agroecological zone of southeast Nigeria, despite the crop’s usefulness as food, green manure, and nitrogen fixer. We hypothesized that the spacing requirement of mungbean may vary with genotype. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the response of three mungbean genotypes to four spacing types in derived savannah agroecology. The experiment was a split-plot design with genotype (Tvr18, Tvr65, and Tvr83) as the main plot treatment and plant spacing (30x10, 40x10, 30x15, and 40x15 cm) as the sub-plot treatment. Data were collected on 19 agronomic traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that plant spacing of 30x10 cm influenced significantly higher (p<0.05) values in most agronomic traits measured while Tvr18 was higher in pod and seed attributes with higher seed-yield (0.80 t/ha) compared to Tvr83 (0.52 t/ha) which was the least. The interaction effect of Tvr18 by 30x10 cm gave a higher seed yield of (1.37) t/ha compared to Tvr83 by 30x10 cm (0.62 t/ha) which was the least. GGE biplot analysis showed a higher seed yield of the genotype-Tvr83 with wider spacing 40x15 compared to 30x10 cm.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Olive Oil (Olea europea) on Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Albino Rats.
Authors: Zakari A , Umar H , Auwal I 
Published: August 2023

This research work is aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic effect of olive oil obtained from the seeds of olive tree (Olea europea,) on alloxan-induced diabetic Albino rats. The results obtained show that olive oil (Olea europea) exhibit hypoglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic Albino rats with the lower dose (150mg/kg/b.wt). as the most effective dose for the significant treatment of type 1 diabetes. Medium and High doses however showed an insignificant effect compared to the control groups. When the, standard drug (positive control) 60 mg/kg/b.wt was administered to the rats , the glucose level of the group 2 alloxan-induced diabetic rats decreased gradually to the range between the normal range 4.9-5.5 mg/dl according to the world health standard (W.H.O, 2014). During treatment, the body weight of the rats was observed to increase as the rats responded to the hypoglycemic effect of the oil treatment. As the treatment continues, the rats look healthier which shows a positive response to the olive oil treatment.
Comparison of Two Dexamethasone Intervention Time Points in Reducing Post-Operative Sequelae of Mandibular Fracture Osteosynthesis
Authors: WEMAMBU John , OPALEYE Taofiq , YUSSUF Abdulsalami , ALONGE Moradeke , OKOTURO Eyituoyo 
Published: August 2023

Background: Mandibular fracture osteosynthesis comes with mechanical and thermal assaults to surrounding tissues resulting in the sequelae of pain, trismus, and oedema. Dexamethasone is known to reduce these sequelae; pain, swelling and trismus, with varying outcomes, and the lack of a standardized regimen for its optimal effect in maxillofacial surgery remains a cause of concern to researchers.
Objective: To compare two dexamethasone intervention time points in reducing post-operative sequelae of mandibular fracture osteosynthesis
Methods: A total of 102 subjects with mandibular body fractures in the age bracket of 20-60 years were recruited into the study and divided into preoperative, intraoperative, and control groups. 4mg of dexamethasone was injected via the submucosal route into the intact mucogingival area below the fracture line, one hour before making the incision in the preoperative group, at the time of the incision for the intraoperative group, and injection of the same volume of 0.9% normal saline preoperatively for the control group. Following osteosynthesis, postoperative sequelae, and complications were assessed on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7.
Results: There was a reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus in both test groups compared to the control with a significant reduction observed in the intraoperative group.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the administration of 4mg submucous dexamethasone reduces postoperative sequelae after mandibular fracture osteosynthesis with the intraoperative administration resulting in a significant reduction in postoperative pain.
Genetic Determinants of Periosteum Mediated Craniofacial Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: OKOTURO Eyituoyo 
Published: August 2023

Background: Periosteum-mediated bone regeneration (PMBR) is a known mandibular reconstruction. Though poorly understood and unpredictable, the concerns of developmental changes to donor and recipient tissues shared by other treatment options appear nonexistent. The definitive role of the periosteum during bone regeneration in any mammal remains poorly understood.
Objective: To characterise genetic determinants of PMBR in mammals through a systematic review.
Methods: Our search methodology was modeled after the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality assessment of each publication was undertaken and the differences in gene expression at time points in weeks 1 and 2 were appraised
Results: A total of 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. The study subjects and tissues studied were 3 rat calvaria and 1 calf calvaria transplanted on mice. One out of the 4 studies had a quality score of the requisite ≥3. The gene expression results showed an upregulation of genes responsible for angiogenesis, cytokine activities, and immune-inflammatory response in week-1, and skeletal development and signaling pathways, in week-2
Conclusion: The results suggest that skeletal morphogenesis regulated by skeletal developmental genes and pathways may characterise the gene expression patterns of PMBR
Salivary Buffering Capacity, Flow Rate and Calcium Levels in Children with and without Early Childhood Caries – a Comparative Study
Authors: OMOTUYOLE Aderinsola Sophia , OREDUGBA Folakemi Adenike , SOTE Elizabeth Obalowu , JAJA Smith Ishmael 
Published: August 2023

Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a phenomenon that affects primary teeth in children below 6 years of age. Its severity could have a far-reaching impact on children with resultant effects on their quality of life. An assessment of a child's caries risk using saliva is a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool utilised in preventing or reducing the impact of this condition.
Objective: To assess the buffering capacity, flow rate and calcium levels of saliva in children and their association with ECC.
Methodology: The study consisted of fifty (50) subjects aged 45 to 71 months recruited from Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and staff primary school, Idi-Araba. Unstimulated saliva collected between 9 – 11 am was used to evaluate saliva's buffering capacity, flow rate and calcium levels in children with and without ECC.
Results: The subjects were aged below 71 months (with a mean age of 56.66 ± 7.17 months). A major proportion (67.0%) of the component of the dmft was cavitated lesion related. The caries-free subjects had slightly higher mean rank values in salivary flow rate (MR = 27.52, U = 262, p = 0.325), slightly lower mean rank values in calcium level (MR = 24.64, U = 291, p = 0.677) and lower buffering capacity values than caries active subjects.
Conclusion: The properties of saliva such as buffering capacity, flow rate and calcium level were not significantly different between the study groups. Therefore, there is no association between buffering capacity, flow rate, calcium level, and ECC. This implies that more investigations are required to evaluate the protective effects of other salivary physiochemical factors like antioxidants, other than those investigated in this study.
Knowledge and Attitude of Specialist Hospital Health Care Workers to Dental Services in Benin City.
Authors: Uyiosa Julia EREGIE  , ERHABOR Paul 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To examine the knowledge and attitude to dental services among Health Care Workers in a specialist hospital setting.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among all cadres of workers in Edo Specialist Hospital (ESH); a government-owned secondary health facility located in Benin City. A structured online questionnaire created using Google forms was used to collect data anonymously from participants. The online form extracted information on demographic characteristics, oral health awareness, pattern of dental visits, and utilization of dental services at Edo Specialist Hospital. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for frequency distribution and cross tabulation. Test for statistical significance was done using chi-square statistics.
Results: Majority of the participants had never visited a dentist before (59, 54.6%). Majority (48, 44.4%) of the respondents reported that they had not seen the need to visit. Among the respondents, the commonest reasons for previous dental visits were toothache (15, 13.9%) and Stains and deposits on the teeth (13, 12.0%). Majority (76, 70.4%) of respondents had a good or fair understanding of the causes of dental caries. All participants (108,100%) were aware that there was a dental clinic at Edo Specialist Hospital (ESH). However, majority (86, 79.6%) had never visited it. Among the respondents, the commonest reason given for not attending the dental clinic at ESH was that they never saw the need to visit (54, 50.0%). On the other hand, the commonest reasons given for visiting the dental clinic at ESH were toothache (12, 11.2%) and Stains and deposits on the teeth (5, 4.7%). There was a significant relationship between the Staff cadre and previous dental visits.
Conclusion: Knowledge of dental care and service utilization was poor. Clinically indicated dental visit was seen among healthcare workers in a specialist healthcare facility

dental clinic