bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High gain UWB bow‐tie antenna design for ground penetrating radar application
Authors: Joula Mohammad , Rafiei Vahid , Karamzadeh Saeid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article presents an elliptical shaped slot ultra‐wideband antenna with high gain (10.3 dBi) and compact size (107.7 × 68 mm2) that designed and improved by four steps. Also, it can perform in an impedance bandwidth (IBW) from 0.98 GHz to 4.5 GHz that is satisfactory IBW for ground penetrating radar (GPR) application. The proposed antenna is fabricated for experimental testing and getting GPR images in a sandbox. Simulation and measured results ensure a desirable GPR antenna.
Microstrip bandpass filters using triple‐mode circle‐shaped ring resonator with/without stub perturbation
Authors: Wang Z.J. , Wang C. , Kim E.S. , Liang J.G. , Kim N.Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this letter, microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) using circular triple‐mode ring resonators with/without stub perturbation are designed and analyzed. The first BPF, with a wide passband and a sharp band rejection, is proposed as a prototype, and stubs are attached to two additional BPFs to introduce perturbation. The effects of the stub perturbation are analyzed and evaluated using both the equations and the equivalent circuits presented in this study. The BPF prototype is equipped with both a circular outer resonator, which operates at one wavelength, and a half‐wavelength open‐ended coupled line with a central connected quarter‐wavelength shunt open stub. Each side of the passband has two transmission zeros, which provides the filter with both good selectivity and good out‐band suppression. Based on this BPF prototype, two additional BPFs are designed with stub perturbation for in‐band (BPF 1) and multi‐band (BPF 2) adjustment.
Experimental study of CPW‐fed printed UWB antenna with radiation improvement for ground coupling GPR application
Authors: Kundu Surajit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA compact (35 × 30 × 0.8 mm3) coplanar waveguide‐fed circular disk monopole antenna with gain enhancement using dual frequency‐selective surface (FSS) layers, each of dimension 44 × 44 × 1.6 mm3 is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna added with FSS provides a maximum gain improvement of nearly 5 dBi in the impedance band from 3 to more than 20 GHz. Radiation in the broadside direction is also improved due to the addition of FSS layers. The proposed antenna is also experimentally tested in close proximity of sand and wood made test beds of varying thicknesses with aluminum sheet at the bottom of it. Antenna can cover the 3.1‐10.6 GHz unlicensed band with linear transfer function and nonvarying group delay response in this ground coupling experimental test.
Circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by a flag shape microstrip line for wideband applications
Authors: Kumari Reena , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA flag‐shaped microstrip line fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is introduced for producing wideband circular polarization (CP) fields and the proposed design utilizes two orthogonal modes and of the RDRA for the generation of CP fields. The improvement in the 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is observed from 16.45% to 58.36% by optimizing the antenna design parameters and by truncating three notches from the flag shape microstrip line. The designing, fabrication, and testing of the proposed antenna prototype has been done and it achieves 47.27% of broad 3‐dB AR bandwidth and 66.66% of wide |S11| bandwidth, respectively. The produced radiator is appropriate for WiMAX applications.
The self‐distillation trained multitask dense‐attention network for diagnosing lung cancers based on CT scans
Authors: Chen Liuyin , Zhang Zijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe latest international multidisciplinary histopathological classification of lung cancer indicates that a deeper study of the lung adenocarcinoma requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary platform. However, in the traditional pathological examination or previous computer‐vision‐based research, the entire lung is not considered in a comprehensive manner.PurposeThe study aims to develop a deep learning model proposed for diagnosing the lung adenocarcinoma histopathologically based on CT scans. Instead of just classifying the lung adenocarcinoma, the pathological report should be inferred based on both the invasiveness and growth pattern of the tumors.MethodsA self‐distillation trained multitask dense‐attention network (SD‐MdaNet) is proposed and validated based on 2412 labeled CT scans from 476 patients and 845 unlabeled scans. Inferring the pathological report is divided into two tasks, predicting the invasiveness of the lung tumor and inferring growth patterns of tumor cells in a comprehensive histopathological subtyping manner with excellent accuracy. In the proposed method, the dense‐attention module is introduced to better extract features from a small dataset in the main branch of the MdaNet. Next, task‐specific attention modules are utilized in different branches and finally integrated as a multitask model. The second task is a blend of classification and regression tasks. Thus, a specialized loss function is developed. In the proposed knowledge distillation (KD) process, the MdaNet as well as its main branch trained for solving two single tasks, respectively, are treated as multiple teachers to produce a student model. A novel KD loss function is developed to take the advantage of all the models as well as data with labels and without labels.ResultsSD‐MdaNet achieves an AUC of on invasiveness prediction, and on predominant growth pattern prediction on our dataset. Moreover, the average mean squared error in inferring growth pattern proportion reaches , and the AUC for predominant growth pattern proportion reaches . The proposed SD‐MdaNet is significantly better than all other benchmarking methods ().ConclusionsExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed SD‐MdaNet can significantly improve the performance of the lung adenocarcinoma pathological diagnosis using only CT scans. Analyses and discussions are conducted to interpret the advantages of the SD‐MdaNet.
Sexual dimorphism in an invasive population of suckermouth armored catfish: Implications for management
Authors: Arend Wesley A. , Mangold Rebecca D. , Riggins Christopher L. , Garoutte Collin , Rodriguez Yeyetzi , Heard Thomas C. , Menchaca Nick , Williamson Janaye , McDonald Dusty , Daugherty Daniel , McGarrity Monica , Conway Kevin W. , Perkin Joshuah S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Suckermouth armored catfishes (SACs; Loricariidae) have invaded water bodies outside their native range globally. Population control methods, including removals and genetic biocontrols, may be enhanced through greater knowledge of sex discrimination, sex ratios, and potential sex bias among control methods.

Methods
We investigated sexual dimorphism and population sex ratio for an invasive SAC population of Hypostomus sp. in the upper San Marcos River, Texas, USA, as a means of advancing ongoing management of the population.

Result
Among 385 specimens obtained at random during a planned dewatering of a 100-m reach of the river, the sex ratio was biased toward females (proportion of females = 0.60). Morphometric analyses of 105 females and 108 males based on a generalized boosted classification model revealed elongated dorsal and anal fins in males correctly classified sex for 83% of individuals (95% CI = 77–88%). Seven independent observers used results from the generalized boosted classification model to assign sex to 30 fish, with average accuracy of 72% (range = 43–83%). The accuracy of the model and validation exercises were highest for fish &gt;240 mm total length, the estimated length of reproductive maturity.

Conclusion
Morphometrics based on dorsal- and anal-fin sizes can be used to infer sex externally from hundreds of SACs removed per year to evaluate long-term population management success.
A mathematical model for meniscus cartilage regeneration
Authors: Grosjean E. , Simeon B. , Surulescu C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a continuous model for meniscus cartilage regeneration triggered by two populations of cells migrating and (de)differentiating within an artificial scaffold with a known structure. The described biological processes are influenced by a fluid flow and therewith induced deformations of the scaffold. Numerical simulations are done for the corresponding dynamics within a bioreactor which was designed for performing the biological experiments.
Toughness enhancement of PP/EVA/LDH composites by controlling β nucleating agent and annealing treatment
Authors: Guo Xincheng , Chen Yao , Guo Jianbing , Qin Jun , Lian Honglin , Lu Zongcheng , Chen Xiaolang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn order to use polypropylene (PP) more efficiently without destroying its excellent properties, heat treatment after molding is undoubtedly a facile and effective way. In this work, the temperature and time are used as the main treatments for the process regulation of PP/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/layered double hydroxide (PP/EVA/LDH) composites with β nucleating agent. The toughness, crystallization behaviors, and crystal morphologies of PP/EVA/LDH composites are investigated by using Izod impact tester, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The notched impact strength of the annealed 6PEL2 at 120°C for 12 h reaches 8.0 kJ/m2, which is approximately 186% higher than that of untreated PP (2.8 kJ/m2). The SEM results show that the annealing process‐induced debonding of the phase interface and the enhancement of cavitation enhance the energy dissipation behavior of 6PEL2 under impact loading, which is strongly supported by the increase of folded surfaces on the fracture plane and the pull‐out deformation of the EVA phase. Furthermore, the promising toughening results of 6PEL2 are derived from the secondary crystallization rearrangement of α‐crystals, the reduction of spherical crystal sizes, and the change of crystallization behaviors of β‐crystals.Highlights
PP/EVA/LDH composites with nucleating agent are effectively regulated by annealing treatment.
Improvement of toughness of polypropylene composites is attributed to the crystalline transformation effect on the crystals and the weak internal stresses.
The formation of β‐crystals induced by the nucleating agent greatly absorbs a large amount of energy during the impact fracture.
Website blocking in the European Union: Network interference from the perspective of Open Internet
Authors: Ververis Vasilis , Lasota Lucas , Ermakova Tatiana , Fabian Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBy establishing an infrastructure for monitoring and blocking networks in accordance with European Union (EU) law on preventive measures against the spread of information, EU member states have also made it easier to block websites and services and monitor information. While relevant studies have documented Internet censorship in non‐European countries, as well as the use of such infrastructures for political reasons, this study examines network interference practices such as website blocking against the backdrop of an almost complete lack of EU‐related research. Specifically, it performs and demonstrates an analysis for the total of 27 EU countries based on three different sources. They include first, tens of millions of historical network measurements collected in 2020 by Open Observatory of Network Interference volunteers from around the world; second, the publicly available blocking lists used by EU member states; and third, the reports issued by network regulators in each country from May 2020 to April 2021. Our results show that authorities issue multiple types of blocklists. Internet Service Providers limit access to different types and categories of websites and services. Such resources are sometimes blocked for unknown reasons and not included in any of the publicly available blocklists. The study concludes with the hurdles related to network measurements and the nontransparency from regulators regarding specifying website addresses in blocking activities.
Noether Gauge Symmetry Approach Applying for the Non‐Minimally Coupled Gravity to the Maxwell Field
Authors: Mahmoudi Somayyeh , Hajkhalili Somayeh , Hendi Seyed Hossein 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTaking the Noether gauge symmetry approach into account, spherically symmetric static black hole solutions of the non‐minimal gauge‐gravity Lagrangian of the model is found. At first, a system of differential equations for the general non‐minimal couplings of type is considered, and then, it is regarded as a particular non‐minimal model to find the exact black hole solution and analyze its symmetries. As the next step, the thermodynamical quantities of the black hole and its interesting behavior is calculated. Besides, thermal stability and examining the possibility of the van der Waals‐like phase transition is addressed.
Evaluating the optimal tissue thickness for mass spectrometry imaging using infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
Authors: Joignant Alena N. , Knizner Kevan T. , Xi Ying , Muddiman David C. 
Published: September 2023

RationaleInfrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) utilizes a 2970 nm mid‐IR laser to desorb samples with depth resolutions (Z) on the order of micrometers. Conventionally, 5–20 μm thick tissue sections are used to characterize different applications of the IR‐MALDESI source, but an optimal thickness has not been systematically investigated.MethodsMouse liver was sectioned to various thicknesses and analyzed using IR‐MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Height profiles of tissue sections of various cryosectioned thicknesses were acquired to affirm tissue thickness. Tissue sections of each thickness were measured using a Keyence microscope. Paraffin wax was cryosectioned, mounted on microscope slides, and measured using a chromatic confocal sensor system to determine the cryostat sectioning accuracy.ResultsAnalyzing sectioned tissues at higher thickness (>10 μm) leads to lower ion abundance, a decrease in signal over long analysis times, and more frequent instrument cleaning. Additionally, increasing tissue thickness above the optimum (7 μm) does not result in a significant increase in lipid annotations.ConclusionsThis work defines an optimal sample thickness for IR‐MALDESI‐MSI and demonstrates the utility of optimizing tissue thickness for MSI platforms of comparable Z resolution.
Evaluation of an implementation intentions intervention for managing university student stress
Authors: Rackemann Leah J. , Hamilton Kyra , Keech Jacob J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUniversity students consistently report high levels of stress, which has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Promoting adaptive coping behaviours, such as problem‐focused coping for managing university stress, is therefore a timely area of investigation. Current coping intervention approaches target reasoned cognitive processes; however, recent research has suggested that automatic processes are more strongly associated with problem‐focused coping behaviour. The current study examined the effect of an implementation intentions intervention, a technique that can support behaviour to be performed automatically by facilitating continued repetition of a plan, on problem‐focused coping behaviour under stress and stress‐related outcomes. Following a pilot study (N = 21), a preregistered randomized controlled trial was conducted with university students (N = 154) using an online survey. Participants completed baseline measures of problem‐focused coping behaviour, behavioural automaticity, behavioural intentions, action planning, perceived stress, procrastination, and psychological wellbeing; before receiving the intervention or control condition stimuli, and then at a 2‐week follow‐up. Behavioural intention and action planning were also measured immediately post‐intervention. The intervention had a significant medium‐sized effect on action planning for problem‐focused coping, but no other significant effects were detected. Exploratory assessment of plan quality revealed medium‐sized correlations between plan quality and changes in problem‐focused coping behaviour. Findings indicate that implementation intentions may be a promising approach for increasing planning for the use of problem‐focused coping. Indicators of plan quality found to be associated with changes in problem‐focused coping provide valuable avenues for intervention optimisation in future research.
Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism
Authors: Alafeef Maha , Srivastava Indrajit , Aditya Teresa , Pan Dipanjan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon‐based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism.
MiR‐141‐3p‐Functionalized Exosomes Loaded in Dissolvable Microneedle Arrays for Hypertrophic Scar Treatment
Authors: Meng Sheng , Wei Qian , Chen Shengqiu , Liu Xi , Cui Shengnan , Huang Qilin , Chu Ziqiang , Ma Kui , Zhang Wenhua , Hu Wenzhi , Li Shiyi , Wang Zihao , Tian Lige , Zhao Zhiliang , Li Haihong , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Cuiping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertrophic scar (HS) is a common fibroproliferative disease caused by abnormal wound healing after deep skin injury. However, the existing approaches have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects, which promote the exploration of newer and more effective strategies. MiRNA‐modified functional exosomes delivered by dissolvable microneedle arrays (DMNAs) are expected to provide new hope for HS treatment. In this study, a miRNA, miR‐141‐3p, which is downregulated in skin scar tissues and in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs), is identified. MiR‐141‐3p mimics inhibit the proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast transdifferentiation of HSFs in vitro by targeting TGF‐β2 to suppress the TGF‐β2/Smad pathway. Subsequently, the engineered exosomes encapsulating miR‐141‐3p (miR‐141‐3pOE‐Exos) are isolated from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells transfected with Lv‐miR‐141‐3p. MiR‐141‐3pOE‐Exos show the same inhibitive effects as miR‐141‐3p mimics on the pathological behaviors of HSFs in vitro. The DMNAs for sustained release of miR‐141‐3pOE‐Exos are further fabricated in vivo. MiR‐141OE‐Exos@DMNAs effectively decrease the thickness of HS and improve fibroblast distribution and collagen fiber arrangement, and downregulate the expression of α‐SMA, COL‐1, FN, TGF‐β2, and p‐Smad2/3 in the HS tissue. Overall, a promising, effective, and convenient exosome@DMNA‐based miRNA delivery strategy for HS treatment is provided.
In Situ Forming Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xue Jin‐Xin , Liu Feng‐Quan , Xiang Tian‐Qi , Jia Si‐Xin , Zhou Jian‐Jun , Li Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn situ forming gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is one of the most feasible ways to improve the safety and cycle performances of lithium metal batteries with high energy density. However, most of the in situ formed GPEs are not compatible with high‐voltage cathode materials. Here, this work provides a novel strategy to in situ form GPE based on the mechanism of Ritter reaction. The Ritter reaction in liquid electrolyte has the advantage of appropriate reaction temperature and no additional additives. The polymer chains are cross‐linked by amide groups with the formation of GPE with superior electrochemical properties. The GPE has high ionic conductivity (1.84 mS cm−1), wide electrochemical stability window (>5.25 V) and high lithium ion transference number (≈0.78), compatible with high‐voltage cathode materials. The Li|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 batteries with in situ formed GPE show excellent long‐term cycle stability (93.4%, 300 cycles). The density functional theory calculation and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results verify that the amide and nitrile groups are beneficial for stabilizing cathode structure and promoting uniform Li deposition on Li anode. Furthermore, the in situ formed GPE exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in Graphite|LiMn2O4 and Graphite|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch batteries. This approach is adaptable to current battery technologies, which will be sure to promote the development of high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.
High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalytic Electrodes by Liquid Joule‐Heating Growth
Authors: He Xian , Du Peng , Yu Guangqiang , Wang Ruyue , Long Yuanzheng , Deng Bohan , Yang Cheng , Zhao Wei , Zhang Zhuting , Huang Kai , Lei Ming , Li Xibo , Wu Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the great progress in the research of integrated catalytic electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction, the efficient preparation of high‐performance catalytic electrodes with high current density remains a challenging issue. In this work, a metal (Pt)‐amorphous oxide (NiO) heterostructure catalyst is successfully in situ grown on nickel foam using liquid Joule‐heating. Based on the superhydrophilic surface of the electrode and its superior mechanical and chemical stability, the catalytic electrode exhibits excellent catalytic performance in alkaline electrolytes with only 100 mV overpotential to achieve 5000 mA cm−2 current density and maintains a stable performance of 500 h under a fixed current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Further verification of the practical application of the Pt@NiO‐Ni electrode in the alkaline electrolyzer is conducted. The results show that the alkaline water electrolyzer with NiFe layered double hydroxide as the anode and Pt@NiO‐Ni as the cathode exhibits superior performance than the previously reported electrolyzers, with a current density of 1 A cm−2 already achieved at 1.75 V, which is even comparable to some anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers. These experimental results illustrate the strong applicability of Pt@NiO‐Ni electrode at industrial scale current densities.