bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-line (1L) nivolumab (N) + ipilimumab (I) + chemotherapy (C) vs C alone in patients (pts) with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) from CheckMate 9LA: 4-y clinical update and outcomes by tumor histologic subtype (THS).
Authors: Carbone David Paul , Ciuleanu Tudor-Eliade , Schenker Michael , Cobo-Dols Manuel , Bordenave Stephanie , Juan-Vidal Oscar , Janoski De Menezes Juliana , Reinmuth Niels , Richardet Eduardo , Cheng Ying , Mizutani Hideaki , Paz-Ares Luis G. , Lu Shun , John Tom , Zhang Xiaoqing , Hu Nan , Balli David , Baxi Vipul , Neely Jaclyn , Reck Martin 
Published: June 2023

LBA9023 Background: In CheckMate 9LA (NCT03215706), 1L N + I + C demonstrated durable survival benefit in pts with mNSCLC vs C alone. Here, we report updated efficacy and safety with a 4-y minimum (min) follow-up (f/u) as well as exploratory analyses of efficacy by THS, a known prognostic indicator for NSCLC. Methods: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC (no known sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations) and ECOG PS ≤ 1 were randomized 1:1 to N 360 mg Q3W + I 1 mg/kg Q6W + 2 cycles of C (n = 361) or 4 cycles of C alone (n = 358). Pts were stratified by sex, PD-L1 (< 1% vs ≥ 1%), and histology (squamous [SQ] vs non-squamous [NSQ]). Maintenance pemetrexed was allowed in the C arm (NSQ NSCLC). Assessments included OS, PFS, ORR, safety, treatment (tx)-free interval (TFI; time from last study dose to start of first subsequent systemic tx or death), and efficacy by THS (solid, acinar, or other, per modified WHO classification). Results: At a min f/u of 47.9 mo (database lock, Feb 2023; median f/u, 54.5 mo), N + I + C continued to provide long-term, durable OS benefit vs C in all randomized pts (HR, 0.74 [95% CI 0.63–0.87]; 4-y OS rates, 21% vs 16%, respectively). Similar clinical benefit was seen for N + I + C vs C across tumor PD-L1 or histology subgroups (table). In all pts treated with N + I + C (n = 358), median TFI was 2.2 mo, with 11% remaining tx-free and alive at 4y. In pts who discontinued all components of N + I + C due to tx-related adverse events (n = 61), 4-y OS rate was 41%; median TFI was 10.6 mo, with a 4-y TFI rate of 27%. In an exploratory analysis in pts with evaluable NSQ NSCLC tissue (n = 310; min f/u 36.1 mo), median OS was longer with N + I + C vs C in both solid (16.6 vs 9.3 mo) and acinar (18.7 vs 12.9 mo) THS. Updated efficacy by THS will be presented. No new safety signals were identified with longer f/u. Conclusions: With a 4-y min f/u, pts treated with N + I + C continued to derive long-term, durable efficacy benefit vs C regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression or histology, with greater magnitude of benefit in pts with tumor PD-L1 < 1% or SQ histology. Exploratory analyses suggested OS benefit with N + I + C vs C in both solid and acinar subtypes. Together, these data further reinforce the use of N + I + C as an efficacious 1L tx option for pts with mNSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT03215706 . [Table: see text]
Pregnancy-associated Steroid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity, Adipogenesis, and Lipogenesis: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Alex Neethu Sara , Khan Habibur Rahaman , Ramachandra Subbaraya Gudde , Medhamurthy Rudraiah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
The shift in maternal energy metabolism characteristic of pregnancy is thought to be driven by various hormonal changes, especially of ovarian and placental steroids. Imbalances in circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels during this period are often associated with metabolic disturbances leading to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Since abnormalities in the Wnt pathway effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) are commonly associated with the occurrence of GDM, we hypothesized that the canonical or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway mediates the metabolic actions of E2 and P4.

Objective
Our study was aimed at elucidating the metabolic function of the steroids E2 and P4, and examining the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in mediating the actions of these steroids.

Methods
The ovariectomized (OVX) rat was used as a model system to study the effect of known concentrations of exogenously administered E2 and P4. Niclosamide (Nic) was administered to block Wnt signaling. 3T3-L1 cells were used to analyze changes in differentiation in the presence of the steroids or niclosamide.

Results
In the present study, we observed that E2 enhanced insulin sensitivity and inhibited lipogenesis while P4 increased lipogenic gene expression—in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of OVX rats when the dosage of E2 and P4 mimicked that of pregnancy. Both E2 and P4 were also found to upregulate Wnt signaling. Nic nhibited the steroid-mediated increase in Wnt signaling in adipocytes and OVX rats. The insulin-sensitizing and antilipogenic actions of E2 were found to be mediated by the canonical Wnt pathway, but the effects of P4 on lipogenesis appeared to be independent of it. Additionally, it was observed that inhibition of Wnt signaling by Nic hastened adipogenic differentiation, and the inhibitory effect of E2 on differentiation was prevented by Nic.

Conclusion
The findings presented in this study highlight the role of steroids and Wnt pathway in glucose and lipid metabolism and are relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders arising from hormonal disturbances.
Age at Menarche, age at Natural Menopause, and Risk of Lung and Colorectal Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Denos Marion , Sun Yi-Qian , Jiang Lin , Brumpton Ben Michael , Mai Xiao-Mei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The roles of age at menarche and age at menopause in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers are unclear.

Objective
We aimed to investigate potential causal associations between age at menarche, age at natural menopause, and risk of lung and colorectal cancers using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods
From the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway, we defined two cohorts of 35 477 and 17 118 women to study the effects of age at menarche and age at natural menopause, respectively. We ran univariable MR to evaluate the potential causal associations. We performed multivariable MR adjusting for genetic variants of adult body mass index (BMI) to estimate the direct effect of age at menarche.

Results
Genetically predicted 1-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer overall (hazard ratio [HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.86), lung adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.99), and lung non-adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.95). After adjusting for adult BMI using a multivariable MR model, the direct effect estimates reduced to HR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54-0.95) for lung cancer overall, HR 0.67 (95% CI, 0.43-1.03) for lung adenocarcinoma, and HR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.54-1.09) for lung non-adenocarcinoma. Age at menarche was not associated with colorectal cancer. Moreover, genetically predicted age at natural menopause was not associated with lung and colorectal cancers.

Conclusion
Our MR study suggested that later age at menarche was causally associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer overall and its subtypes, and adult BMI might be a mediator.
Gender-Based Disparities in Academic Productivity Arise During Neurosurgery Residency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ong Vera , Harary Maya , Mozaffari Khashayar , Mekonnen Mahlet , Hwang Leslie , Patel Shravan , Mahgerefteh Natalie , Nayeri Diba , Chandla Anubhav , Duong Courtney , Yang Isaac , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although female neurosurgery residents are increasing, women remain underrepresented in academic leadership.

OBJECTIVES:
To assess academic productivity differences between male and female neurosurgery residents.

METHODS:
We used the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education records to obtain 2021–2022 recognized neurosurgery residency programs. Gender was dichotomized into male/female by male-presenting/female-presenting status. Extracted variables included degrees/fellowships from institutional websites, number of preresidency and total publications from PubMed, and h-indices from Scopus. Extraction occurred from March to July 2022. Residency publication number and h-indices were normalized by postgraduate year. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with numbers of in-residency publications. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Of 117 accredited programs, 99 had extractable data. Information from 1406 residents (21.6% female) was successfully collected. 19 687 and 3261 publications were evaluated for male residents and female residents, respectively. Male and female residents' median preresidency publication numbers did not significantly differ (M:3.00 [IQR 1.00-8.50] vs F:3.00 [IQR 1.00-7.00], P = .09), nor did their h-indices. However, male residents had significantly higher median residency publications than female residents (M:1.40 [IQR 0.57-3.00] vs F:1.00 [IQR 0.50-2.00], P < .001). On multivariable linear regression, male residents (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% CI 1.68-2.50, P < .001) and residents with more preresidency publications (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.16-1.18, P < .001) had higher likelihood of publishing more during residency, controlling for other covariates.

CONCLUSION:
Without publicly available, self-identified gender designation for each resident, we were limited to review/designate gender based on male-presenting/female-presenting status from gender conventions of names/appearance. Although not an ideal measurement, this helped show that during neurosurgical residency, male residents publish significantly more than female counterparts. Given similar preresidency h-indices and publication records, this is unlikely explained by differences in academic aptitude. In-residency gender barriers to academic productivity must be acknowledged and addressed to improve female representation within academic neurosurgery.
The feasibility of establishing parent support groups for children with congenital Zika syndrome and their families: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Smythe Tracey , Reichenberger Veronika , Pinzón Elisa María , Hurtado Isabel Cristina , Rubiano Luisa , Kuper Hannah 
Published: June 2023

Background: The 2015 – 2016 Zika epidemic highlighted gaps in health and social care services for parents of children with developmental disabilities. In response, we developed the ‘Juntos’ intervention, a 10 week community-based early intervention support group for parents of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The intervention's components include participatory learning sessions, practical skill acquisition, peer support, and psychological support, aiming to improve caregiver’s knowledge and confidence in caring for their children. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing ‘Juntos’ in Colombia. Methods: Two facilitators delivered ‘Juntos’ to four groups of 8-10 caregivers between 2017 and 2018. One researcher observed each group. Data were collected from: observation notes from 40 sessions, focus group discussions held after each session, pre- post intervention questionnaires with 34 caregivers, and semi-structured interviews conducted with four facilitators, 12 caregivers and three stakeholders. We used the Bowen framework in data analysis. Results: The feasibility evaluation revealed that 'Juntos' was highly acceptable and in demand among the target population. The intervention was predominantly delivered with fidelity. Practicality was facilitated by providing transport costs and selecting convenient locations. Additional organisational and social media support was required for successful implementation. Community health worker training may support integration and the established groups could facilitate programme expansion. However, participants perceived lack of prioritisation as a limitation within existing health systems. Participants’ knowledge and confidence to care for their child improved after programme enrolment. Conclusion: The 'Juntos' intervention demonstrated high acceptability, demand, and practicality in supporting parents of children with CZS in Colombia. However, its implementation faces challenges due to existing gaps in health system support for children with CZS.
The racialisation of sexism: how race frames shape anti-street harassment policies in Britain and France
Authors: Calderaro Charlène 
Published: June 2023

Femonationalism, that is, the use of women’s rights rhetorics to further racial stigmatisation and promote nationalism, has been of growing interest to social scientists on European contexts. While previous studies have provided insights on the racialisation of sexism in gender equality policymaking, there is still a limited understanding of how policy frames in particular national contexts can either exacerbate or mitigate femonationalism in the making of anti-gender-based violence policy. In particular, how do frames on race and racism impact the framing of anti-street harassment policies and, by extension, the ability to prevent femonationalism?
The article explores this issue by comparing the cases of France and Britain through empirical data with policymakers and activists intervening in policymaking against street harassment in France and Britain. Findings suggest that, even though French state actors claim their colour-blindness allows them to avoid a racist framing of the problem, it actually enables it. This in turn favours a racialised framing of street harassment and leads to an inability to address the potential risk of racial targeting in the criminalisation of street harassment. Conversely, the acknowledgment of racism in Britain favours an intersectional framing of street harassment and leads to greater consideration of the risk of racial targeting. By analysing how race repertoires unfold in policy pre-adoption phases, the article therefore suggests that nationally embedded assumptions about race have a significant impact on the framing of anti-gender-based violence policy and, in turn, on femonationalism.
Low skeletal muscle mass index and all-cause mortality risk in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Wang Yahai , Luo Donglin , Liu Jiahao , Song Yu , Jiang Binggang , Jiang Haichao 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The relationship between low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and all-cause mortality risk in the general adults remains unclear. Our study was conducted to examine and quantify the associations between low SMI and all-cause mortality risks.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for primary data sources and references to relevant publications retrieved until 1 April 2023. A random-effect model, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were conducted using STATA 16.0.

Results
Sixteen prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis of low SMI and the risk of all-cause mortality. A total of 11696 deaths were ascertained among 81358 participants during the 3 to 14.4 years follow-up. The pooled RR of all-cause mortality risk was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.96, P < 0.001) across the lowest to the normal muscle mass category. The results of meta-regression showed that BMI (P = 0.086) might be sources of heterogeneity between studies. Subgroup analysis showed that low SMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in studies with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 to 25 (1.34, 95% CI, 1.24–1.45, P<0.001), 25 to 30 (1.91, 95% CI, 1.16–3.15, P = 0.011), and over 30 (2.58, 95% CI, 1.20–5.54 P = 0.015).

Conclusions
Low SMI was significantly associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality, and the risk of all-cause mortality associated with low SMI was higher in adults with a higher BMI. Low SMI Prevention and treatment might be significant for reducing mortality risk and promoting healthy longevity.
Large Esophageal Intramural Hematoma After Solid Food Ingestion in a Patient Without Identifiable Inherited or Acquired Coagulopathy
Authors: Ladna Michael , George John 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the case of an elderly man without any significant medical history and not on any anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy who presented with severe epigastric abdominal and substernal chest pain shortly after eating a baguette. He was found to have a large 15 cm dissecting intramural hematoma of the esophagus. He was managed conservatively with proton pump inhibitors. He remained stable throughout his hospitalization without evidence of an acute blood loss anemia and was discharged home. Repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy 8 weeks after discharge showed a 5 mm scar with complete resolution of the dissecting intramural hematoma of the esophagus.
Tacrolimus-Induced Esophageal and Colon Ulcers
Authors: Vazquez-Reyes Raul , Yeoh Aaron , Kamal Afrin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a case of a 44-year-old woman with a history of orthotopic heart transplant on tacrolimus (TC) for immunosuppression who developed large-volume hematochezia. She was found to have a large mid-esophageal ulcer and several large colon ulcers. Biopsies showed granulation tissue and inflammatory debris without an identifiable culprit. Extensive workup was performed, including for infectious causes, which was unrevealing. TC was ultimately considered to be a possible culprit, and after stopping it, all her symptoms improved. We suggest considering TC as the possible cause of gastrointestinal ulcers if no other culprit can be identified.
Faktor-Faktor Tempat Tinggal Bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah Di Kelurahan Pudak Payung
Authors: Firdaus Aditya Zulfikar , Rahdriawan Mardwi 
Published: June 2023

Housing and settlements are problems that develop in line with population growth increasing residential needs. Along with the increasing demand for land for residential development, there is also land value development. Besides, these problems also result in a reduced empty area that can be used for housing and makes land prices more expensive. So, a low-income community's limitations in obtaining livable houses causing them to have gotten houses independently. Self-help houses built by a low-income community are identical to uninhabitable homes because they ignore aspects of livable standards. This study aims to determine the factors that affect a low-income neighbourhood in residence regarding a low-income neighbourhood's characteristics. The method used is quantitative and uses descriptive analysis techniques and crosstabs analysis. The results of this study indicate that what affects the low-income community living in the Pudak Payung Village are environmental comfort factors with a value of 91%, accessibility with an amount of 55%, waste with a value of 93%, electricity with an amount of 54% and clean water with an amount of 100%. While the analysis that has a relationship based on the chi-square test is the accessibility with 0.049, electricity with education is 0.01, and heat with income is 0.00.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Kegiatan Bank Sampah Sempulur Asri di RW 05 Kelurahan Gedawang
Authors: Rahmananda Taufan , Widjonarko Widjonarko 
Published: June 2023

Pertumbuhan penduduk akan mempengaruhi adanya sebuah aktivitas sehingga memiliki dampak berupa peningkatan konsumsi yang akan menimbulkan peningkatan produksi sampah. Sampah merupakan permasalahan yang sangat kompleks. Pembuangan sampah di kota-kota besar menjadi masalah dengan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi. Permasalahan ini timbul karena besarnya volume sampah. Tingginya angka kepadatan penduduk tersebut tentu berpengaruh terhadap volume sampah yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas-aktivitas penduduk yang dilakukan. Permasalahan di bank sampah Sempulur asri yaitu tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang kurang optimal dikarenakan berbagai faktor dari masyarakat itu sendiri atau dari hal yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan bank sampah di RW 05 Kelurahan gedawang. Sasaran yang ingin di capai dalam penelitian yaitu: pertama mengidentifikasi faktor eksternal dalam pengolahan sampah rumah tanga, kedua mengidentifikasi faktor internal dalam pengolahan sampah rumah tangga dan yang ketiga menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan bank sampah di Kelurahan Gedawang. Data di kumpulkan melalui observasi dan kuesioner. Output yang dihasilkan dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan bank sampah di RW 05 Kelurahan Gedawang yaitu faktor pendidikan, usia, jenis kelamin, ketersediaan waktu luang, pengetahuan, petugas bank sampah, syarat menjadi nasabah dan jarak rumah dengan bank sampah.
Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
Authors: Awais Sajid , Shah Shahid Ali , Khan Niamat , Khan Naeem , Jamila Nargis , Nishan Umar , Jan Muhammad Ishtiaq , Hwang In Min , Ali Essam A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate therapeutic potentials of Hydroxyquinoline Sulfanilamide (HSM) for Alzheimer’s disease in a mice model of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The antioxidant analysis of mice brain homogenates was carried out by catalase (CAT) assay, reduced glutathione (GSH) assay, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay. Biochemical analysis of blood plasma was conducted by peroxidase (POD) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. The expression of mice brain proteins was evaluated using Western Blotting analysis. The administration of HSM increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GSH, and POD and lowered LPO actions. These findings indicate that STZ may lead to diabetes in mice, followed by hypercholesterolemia, expressed as triglycerides in mice blood. However, HSM significantly decreased STZ-induced hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in adult albino mice. The data confirmed that HSM lowered STZ-induced oxidative stress, inhibited phosphorylated JNK, NF-kB, and upregulated Nrf-2 to improve and restore the synapse and memory defects in adult albino mice. Conclusively, the current findings suggested that HSM is a safe, novel, and potential drug candidate against metabolic dysfunction and induced cognitive impairment.
Multifractal analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of earthquakes in Eurasian seismic belt
Authors: Chen Jie , Wen Leying , Bi Chengjue , Liu Zhixin , Liu Xuan , Yin Lirong , Zheng Wenfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Seismic activity has complexity and randomness, and its temporal and spatial distribution has complexity, stage, level, and inheritance. The study of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic activity is of great significance to the understanding of the law of seismic activity, such as the law that the time series of seismicity in the seismic belt is consistent with the complexity of geographical structure, the prediction of seismic risk, and other research related to earthquake. This article selects the seismic data catalog of the whole Eurasian seismic belt as the research object. Based on the characteristics of the seismic geological environment and tectonic environment characteristics, the multifractal analysis method is used for the seismic data of the seismic activity directory. The results show that the seismic activity of seismic zones has obvious multifractal structure of complex in time series and spatial scales, which can well reveal the seismic characteristics of seismic activity in time and space. In terms of time series, the study area

D

∞

{D}_{{\rm{\infty }}}

decreases significantly with time and energy before the occurrence of a large earthquake, and the time series of seismic activity in the study area is highly complex and highly correlated with the geological structure. Spatially, the spatial distribution of seismic intensity in the study area is infinite and sparse, showing the characteristics of infinite clustering. Therefore, it can reveal the basic rule of seismic activity effectively and lay a certain theoretical foundation for earthquake prevention and control in this seismic zone.