bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a tool to increase understanding of breast cancer media articles
Authors: Yi Robin H Pugh , Welcsh Piri , Dearfield Craig T , Owens Kelly , Rezende Lisa , Friedman Susan J 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Women aged 45 or younger with breast cancer, or those who are at high risk of breast cancer due to a family history of the disease or genetic test results indicating risk, have distinct health risks and needs. Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE), a non-profit advocacy organisation, developed an online resource designed to address these needs. Design: In-person surveys were administered to compare baseline and post-test knowledge of two cohorts of 55 volunteer participants. Both groups read a printed media news article related to breast cancer research. The intervention group also read a printed brief review that provided a summary of research findings, and discussion and ratings of research evidence and reporting quality. Setting: Participants were recruited at two FORCE conferences. Data were collected at the conference sites. Method: Pilot and follow-up sample results were pooled and analysed using t-test comparisons. Results: The intervention resource use was associated with a significantly greater increase in knowledge than only reading the media news article. Conclusion: An online tool developed to respond to audience needs, offering ratings of evidence quality and relevance, can help readers to better understand research reporting.
Experimental characterization of PLA composites printed by fused deposition modelling
Authors: Del Pilar Fabra Rivera Andrea , de Castro Magalhães Frederico , Campos Rubio Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Due to their ability to manufacture highly complex geometries, additive manufacturing technologies have applications in several industrial sectors, such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical and electronics. However, parts made of pure polymeric materials may have limitations in their applications because of the shortcomings in their mechanical properties. Thus, polymer matrix composite materials are used as an alternative to obtaining better technical characteristics, especially for parts obtained by additive manufacturing. In this work, the influence of reinforcement and printing orientation on the mechanical behavior of samples manufactured using filaments of PLA/20 wt% Al (Aluminum microparticles) and PLA/20 wt% CF (carbon fiber reinforcement) were studied. The samples were manufactured using fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Tests were carried out to analyze the mechanical behavior of the studied materials, such as tensile, compression, and bending. The results obtained from the mechanical tests of the reinforced filaments were compared with the results on the mechanical performance of pure PLA. The results showed the influence of the type of reinforcement, namely short fibers or microparticles, is evident. The tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength were primarily influenced by the type of reinforcement and Young’s modulus was predominantly influenced by the printing angle and type of reinforcement. The fracture mechanism of composite specimens was infill gaps and interface.
An Experiential Helping Skills Course for Undergraduates: The Helping Relationship
Authors: Estrada Aaron R. , Lewis Robin J. , Williams Kendra N. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction An innovative undergraduate helping skills course where students learn, practice, and apply a problem management model with a peer volunteer on a non-clinical issue across three supervised helping meetings is presented. Statement of the Problem Undergraduate helping skill courses are typically offered as in-class role-plays. This course goes beyond role-plays and provides an authentic helping experience with an out-of-class peer volunteer. Literature Review Literature supports an argument for deeper learning by extending the typical process of role-play-based helping skill learning to the application of skills to support a peer with a genuine issue. Teaching Implications Lecture, in-class skills practice, and supervision with the instructor facilitates student capacity to work with a non-classmate peer volunteer. Instructors closely oversee student work in and outside of class to provide an ethical, structured, non-professional helping experience. Conclusion We highlight here the constructivist and mastery underpinning of an undergraduate helping skills course. Along with instructor feedback, student learning and growth are facilitated by students’ own reflections of the helping process with their peer volunteers. Student helpers describe the course as impactful. Course resources are available in open materials.
Perirenal adipose tissues as a human elastin source, and optimize the extraction process
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Lee Jun Nyung , Ha Yun-Sok , Chung Jae-Wook , Yoon Bo Hyun , Jeon Minji , Kim Hyun Tae , Oh Se Heang , Kwon Tae Gyun , Kim Bum Soo , Chun So Young 
Published: December 2022

Elastin is very rarely repaired extracellular matrix (ECM) in physiological condition. The commercial human elastin for exogenous medical treatment is very expensive, and has a potential for disease transmission. Animal-origin elastin is relatively low price, but has concerns for xenogeneic immune responses. Considering cost and safety, we focused on the perirenal adipose tissue, donated from healthy young people via donor nephrectomy. Until now, all of the perirenal adipose tissues are discarded as a medical waste after kidney transplantation. In the present study, we applied perirenal adipose tissues as the source of human elastin, and optimized the extraction process to get high purified and quantified elastin. Through pre-processing step, the delipidated and decellularized ECM was prepared. Next, with four different elastin extraction process (acidic solvents, neutral salt, organic solvents or hot alkali method), elastin was extracted, and the concentration of amino acid between each product was compared, and bright-field/electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and cytotoxicity analysis were also performed. As controls, bovine neck ligament-derived and human skin-derived elastin were used. Among the elastin extraction methods, the hot alkali insoluble product showed (1) relatively high positive area of Verhoeff’s and low Masson’s trichrome stain, (2) 64.24% purity, 159.29 mg/g quantity, and ∼6.37% yield in amino acid analysis, (3) β-sheet second structure, and (4) thin fiber composed mesh-like sheet structure in SEM image. These values were higher than those of the commercial human skin elastin. When comparing hydrolyzed forms, α-elastin from hot alkali insoluble product showed enhanced cell proliferation and maintained cell properties compared to the κ-elastin. Therefore, we confirmed that the perirenal adipose tissue is an ideal source of human elastin with safety assurance, and the hot alkali process combined with pre-process seems to be the optimal method for elastin extraction with high purity and quantity.
Community’s Role for Marginalised Children
Authors: Jass Harpreet Kaur , Khatoon Sabeena 
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the role of the community in the development of socio-economically marginalised children. There are several government schemes and civil society efforts for their upliftment. There is further need to critically analyse researches done with a distinct political stance which either seek to manage the marginalised or to ‘empower’ them. Such policies are simply management techniques and are not really a quest for the actual empowerment of these communities. Most of the research are carried from the perspective of a ‘deficit model’ perspective and not with an unprejudiced perspective of ‘reaching out’. The article draws from three qualitative field studies, with different settings of marginalised children in Delhi-NCR to argue for an empathy-based model for researching the underprivileged. The empirical argument is further strengthened by insights drawn from Pestalozzi and Savitri Bai Phule’s work with the community. While these action-oriented researches seek to underscore the importance of the work for marginalised sections, we also draw from Dewey’s idea of democratic education that insists upon the schools’ role and responsibility to involve marginalised sections.
Microbiology of fracture related infections
Authors: Graan David , Balogh Zsolt J 
Published: December 2022

Fracture related infection remains a challenging complication that creates a heavy burden for orthopaedic trauma patients, their families, treating physicians and healthcare systems. Even current curative approaches (radical debridement, revision surgery and long-term antibiotics) often result in significant socioeconomic costs and the risk of life-long functional impairment to the patient. The prevalence of osteomyelitis due to trauma and surgical complications does not seem to be diminishing in our society and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major health related concern with global relevance. Despite multi-drug resistant bacteria being on the rise universally, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic trauma care has only slightly changed in the last 25 years. Staphylococcus infections remain an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment, and as such antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective. This paper will address fracture related infections in trauma patients, looking at the bacteriology of these infections, its clinical implications and evolving nature.
Corneal endothelial cell morphology and optical coherence tomography findings in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yalcın Sibel Oskan , Kaplan Aysin Tuba , Sobu Elif 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To evaluate central macular thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods Thirty children with Type 1 DM and 30 age-matched children as controls were examined. Central macular thickness (CMT) and four quadrants of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), while endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), hexagonality (HEX) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured by noncontact specular microscopy. Results The mean ECD was 2810.77  ±  273.47 cells/mm2 and the mean hexagonality ratio was 49.77  ±  13.2 both were significantly lower (p < 0.001, p  =  0.037 respectively) in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The mean CV was 37.6  ±  7.27, it was significantly higher (p  =  0.024) in the diabetic group than the control group. The mean corneal thickness was greater in the DM group than the controls, but the difference was not significant (p  =  0.176). There were no significant differences in CMT or RNFLT between the two groups. There was a negative correlation between the HbA1c levels and the thickness of the superior quadrants of RNFL (r  =  -0.406, p  =  0.026). The duration of diabetes had no significant correlations with the corneal and retinal parameters. Conclusion The diabetic children had changes in corneal endothelial morphology and there was a negative correlation between HbA1c levels and superior quadrant of RNFLT.
Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morrison-Ham Jordan , Clark Gillian M. , Ellis Elizabeth G. , Cerins Andris , Joutsa Juho , Enticott Peter G. , Corp Daniel T. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Deep brain stimulation is a highly effective treatment of dystonia but is invasive and associated with risks, such as intraoperative bleeding and infections. Previous research has used non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in an attempt to alleviate symptoms of dystonia. The results of these studies, however, have been variable, leaving efficacy unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NIBS on symptoms of dystonia and determine whether methodological characteristics are associated with variability in effect size. Methods: Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for articles using any type of NIBS as an intervention in dystonia patients, with changes in dystonia symptoms the primary outcome of interest. Results: Meta-analysis of 27 studies demonstrated a small effect size for NIBS in reducing symptoms of dystonia (random-effects Hedges’ g = 0.21, p = .002). Differences in the type of NIBS, type of dystonia, and brain region stimulated had a significant effect on dystonia symptoms. Meta-regression revealed that 10 sessions of active stimulation and the application of concurrent motor training programs resulted in significantly larger mean effect sizes. Conclusion: NIBS has yielded small improvements to dystonic symptoms, but effect sizes depended on methodological characteristics, with more sessions of stimulation producing a larger response. Future research should further investigate the application of NIBS parallel to motor training, in addition to providing a greater quantity of sessions, to help define optimal parameters for NIBS protocols in dystonia. Registration: PROSPERO 2020, CRD42020175944.
Greater Telehealth Use Results in Increased Visit Frequency and Lower Physician Related-Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Garcia Jaquelin Flores , Faye Ethan , Reid Mark W. , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Fox D. Steven , Bisno Daniel I. , Salcedo-Rodriguez Elizabeth , Sanchez Alejandra Torres , Hiyari Sarah , Fogel Jennifer L. , Raymond Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Type one diabetes (T1D) management is challenging for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) due to physiological changes, psychosocial challenges, and increasing independence, resulting in increased diabetes distress and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Alternative care models that engage AYAs and improve diabetes-related health outcomes are needed. Methods: A 15-month study evaluated an adaptation of the Colorado Young Adults with T1D (CoYoT1) Care model. CoYoT1 Care includes person-centered care, virtual peer groups, and physician training delivered via telehealth. AYAs (aged 16-25 years) were partially randomized to CoYoT1 or standard care, delivered via telehealth or in-person. As the study was ending, the COVID-19 pandemic forced all AYAs to transition to primarily telehealth appointments. This secondary analysis compares changes in clinic attendance, T1D-related distress, HbA1c, and device use between those who attended more than 50% of diabetes clinic visits via telehealth and those who attended more sessions in-person throughout the course of the study. Results: Out of 68 AYA participants, individuals (n = 39, 57%) who attended most (>50%) study visits by telehealth completed more diabetes care visits (3.3 visits) than those (n = 29, 43%) who primarily attended visits in-person (2.5 visits; P = .007). AYAs who primarily attended visits via telehealth maintained stable physician-related distress, while those who attended more in-person visits reported increases in physician-related distress ( P = .03). Conclusions: Greater usage of telehealth improved AYA engagement with their care, resulting in increased clinic attendance and reduced physician-related diabetes distress. A person-centered care model delivered via telehealth effectively meets the needs of AYAs with T1D.
Evaluation and Utility of the King-Devick With Integrated Eye Tracking as a Diagnostic Tool for Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Hecimovich Mark , Murphy Myles , Chivers Paola , Stock Payton 
Published: December 2022

Background: Eye-tracking technology for detecting eye movements has been gaining increasing attention as a possible assessment and monitoring tool for sport-related concussion (SRC). Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid number-naming task with eye tracking, the King-Devick Eye Tracking (K-D ET) assessment, in identifying SRC. Study Design: Cohort study. Methods: One female and 1 male team of United States collegiate rugby-15 players competing during the 2018 season were recruited. Variables assessed were total saccades, saccade velocity, total fixations, fixation duration, fixation polyarea, and test duration. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine group (concussion vs nonconcussion), time (baseline vs postinjury/postseason), and sex-based differences for each outcome measure. In addition, the different components of diagnostic accuracy of the K-D ET were calculated. Results: Baseline K-D ET assessment for 49 participants (25 male, 24 female) were assessed at the beginning of the season, with 28 participants who did not sustain a head injury during the season completing the postseason assessments and 6 participants completing a postinjury (suspected concussion) assessment. Significant differences were observed between concussed and nonconcussed groups for total saccades ( P = .024), fixation duration ( P = .007), and fixation polyarea ( P = .030), with differences from baseline to follow-up observed for saccade velocity ( P = .018) in both groups. Sex-based differences were noted for total fixations ( P = .041), fixation polyarea ( P = .036), and completion time ( P = .035). No significant Group × Time interactions were noted. The K-D ET test duration indicated high specificity (0.86) but not high sensitivity (0.40). No other variables reported high sensitivity or specificity. Conclusion: Other than completion time of the K-D ET test, no K-D ET oculomotor parameter was highly sensitive or specific in the diagnosis of concussion in this study.
Nintedanib for non-IPF progressive pulmonary fibrosis: 12-month outcome data from a real-world multicentre observational study
Authors: Raman Lavanya , Stewart Iain , Barratt Shaney L. , Chua Felix , Chaudhuri Nazia , Crawshaw Anjali , Gibbons Michael , Hogben Charlotte , Hoyles Rachel , Kouranos Vasilis , Martinovic Jennifer , Mulholland Sarah , Myall Katherine J. , Naqvi Marium , Renzoni Elisabetta A. , Saunders Peter , Steward Matthew , Suresh Dharmic , Thillai Muhunthan , Wells Athol U. , West Alex , Mitchell Jane A. , George Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundNintedanib slows lung function decline for patients with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in clinical trials, but the real-world safety and efficacy are not known.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, standardised data were collected from patients in whom nintedanib was initiated for PPF between 2019 and 2020 through an early-access programme across eight centres in the United Kingdom. Rate of lung function change in the 12 months pre- and post-nintedanib initiation was the primary analysis. Symptoms, drug safety, tolerability and stratification by interstitial lung disease subtype and computed tomography pattern were secondary analyses.Results126 patients were included; 67 (53%) females; mean±sdage 60±13 years. At initiation of nintedanib, mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 1.87 L (58% predicted) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 32.7% predicted. 68% of patients were prescribed prednisolone (median dose 10 mg) and 69% were prescribed a steroid-sparing agent. In the 12 months after nintedanib initiation, lung function decline was significantly lower than in the preceding 12 months: FVC −88.8 mLversus−239.9 mL (p=0.004), and absolute decline inDLCO−2.1%versus−6.1% (p=0.004). Response to nintedanib was consistent in sensitivity and secondary analyses. 89 (71%) out of 126 patients reported side-effects, but 86 (80%) of the surviving 108 patients were still taking nintedanib at 12 months with patients reporting a reduced perception of symptom decline. There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionIn PPF, the real-world efficacy of nintedanib replicated that of clinical trials, significantly attenuating lung function decline. Despite the severity of disease, nintedanib was safe and well tolerated in this real-world multicentre study.
Hypoxia-altitude simulation test to predict altitude-related adverse health effects in COPD patients
Authors: Bauer Meret , Müller Julian , Schneider Simon R. , Buenzli Simone , Furian Michael , Ulrich Tanja , Carta Arcangelo F. , Bader Patrick R. , Lichtblau Mona , Taalaibekova Ajian , Raimberdiev Madiiar , Champigneulle Benoit , Sooronbaev Talant , Bloch Konrad E. , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: December 2022

Background/aimsAmongst numerous travellers to high altitude (HA) are many with the highly prevalent COPD, who are at particular risk for altitude-related adverse health effects (ARAHE). We then investigated the hypoxia-altitude simulation test (HAST) to predict ARAHE in COPD patients travelling to altitude.MethodsThis prospective diagnostic accuracy study included 75 COPD patients: 40 women, age 58±9 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 40–80% pred, oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) ≥92% and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) <6 kPa. Patients underwent baseline evaluation and HAST, breathing normobaric hypoxic air (inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 15%) for 15 min, at low altitude (760 m). Cut-off values for a positive HAST were set according to British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines (arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) <6.6 kPa and/orSpO2<85%). The following day, patients travelled to HA (3100 m) for two overnight stays where ARAHE development including acute mountain sickness (AMS), Lake Louise Score ≥4 and/or AMS score ≥0.7, severe hypoxaemia (SpO2<80% for >30 min or 75% for >15 min) or intercurrent illness was observed.ResultsARAHE occurred in 50 (66%) patients and 23 out of 75 (31%) were positive on HAST according toSpO2, and 11 out of 64 (17%) according toPaO2. ForSpO2/PaO2we report a sensitivity of 46/25%, specificity of 84/95%, positive predictive value of 85/92% and negative predictive value of 44/37%.ConclusionIn COPD patients ascending to HA, ARAHE are common. Despite an acceptable positive predictive value of the HAST to predict ARAHE, its clinical use is limited by its insufficient sensitivity and overall accuracy. Counselling COPD patients before altitude travel remains challenging and best focuses on early recognition and treatment of ARAHE with oxygen and descent.