bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISORROPIA‐MCX: Enabling Sensitivity Analysis With Multicomplex Variables in the Aerosol Thermodynamic Model, ISORROPIA
Authors: Berman Bryan , Capps Shannon L. , Sauvageau Isaiah , Gao Eric , Eastham Sebastian D. , Russell Ryan P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSensitivity analysis with atmospheric chemical transport models may be used to quantify influences of specific emissions on pollutant concentrations. This information facilitates efficient environmental decision‐making regarding emissions control strategies for pollutants that affect human health and public welfare. The multicomplex step method (MCX) is a sensitivity analysis approach that enables calculation of first‐ and higher‐order sensitivities of a nonlinear algorithm with analytical accuracy. Compared to the well‐known finite difference method, the MCX method is also straight‐forward to compute yet does not suffer from precision errors due to subtracting numbers with common leading digits and eliminates the requirement of tuning the step size. The aerosol inorganic equilibrium thermodynamic model, ISORROPIA, which treats ammonium, chloride, nitrate, sodium, sulfate, calcium, potassium, and magnesium, was augmented to leverage the multicomplex step method (ISORROPIA‐MCX) to analyze the influence that the total amount of a pollutant has on concentrations partitioned into different phases. This enables simultaneous calculation of the first‐order, second‐order, and cross‐sensitivity terms in the Taylor Series expansion when evaluating the impact of changes in input parameters on an output variable, increasing the accuracy of the estimated effect when the functions are nonlinear. ISORROPIA encodes highly nonlinear processes which showcases the computational advantages of the multicomplex step method as well as the limitations of the approach for fractured solution surfaces. With ISORROPIA‐MCX, the influence of total concentrations of aerosol precursors on aerosol acidity are evaluated with cross‐sensitivity terms for the first time.
Shifts of Formation Regimes and Increases of Atmospheric Oxidation Led to Ozone Increase in North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta From 2016 to 2019
Authors: Zhu Shengqiang , Ma Jinlong , Wang Siyu , Sun Shida , Wang Peng , Zhang Hongliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChina is confronting severe ozone (O3) pollution although particulate matter reduced significantly, causing damages to public health and ecological systems. Here we utilized the comprehensive methods of ground‐level observations, satellite data, and source‐oriented chemical transport model to interpret O3 variations throughout China from 2016 to 2019. A remarkably worsened trend of O3 levels has been found both by observation and simulation in these years. Our results showed that the remarkable O3 elevation was found in the North China Plain (NCP) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) (maximum daily 8 hr average O3 ∼60 ppb) with an annual increasing rate of 10%. In addition, O3 formation regimes also changed in the NCP, where 4.9% grids shifted from VOC‐limited to transition regimes and 9.6% grids shifted from transition to NOx‐limited regimes. The elevation of MDA8 O3 was mainly attributed to the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) in above regions. Particularly, the increasing rates of OH and HO2 radicals (major oxidants) in NCP and YRD reached ∼15% and ∼5%, respectively. The comprehensive study of long‐term O3 changes, formation regimes, and AOC based on a multimethod approach should be considered when designing O3 control policies.
Toward More Accurate GIC Estimations in the Portuguese Power Network
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Joana , Pinheiro Fernando J. G. , Pais Maria Alexandra , Santos Rute , Cardoso João , Baltazar‐Soares Pedro , Monteiro Santos Fernando A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNew geomagnetically induced current (GIC) computations for mainland Portugal include the entire power network, with network parameters and topology provided by the transmission grid operator for all the high voltage lines (150, 220, and 400 kV). The first 3D conductivity model for the west region of the Iberian Peninsula, based on 31 broadband magnetotelluric soundings, is used in calculations, revealing the effect of different crustal domains in GIC distribution. Geomagnetic field variations are taken from Coimbra or San Fernando magnetic observatories, according to the Nearest Neighbor method, and used together with surface impedance values predicted from the new conductivity model to calculate the induced electric field on a regular grid. The global distribution of GICs over the power network is characterized based on results derived for the eight most significant storms registered in the Iberia during solar cycle 24. Substations susceptible to the highest GICs are found near the transition between the granitic geotectonic unit of Central Iberian Zone and the Lusitanian Basin. A prototype of a Hall effect sensor has been installed at a substation and is active since the end of August 2021. In order to validate our GIC model, recent measurements are compared with simulations. GIC computation is prone to uncertainties from various sources, possibly contributing with different weights to the final error in computed values. Here, we evaluate the contribution of substation earthing resistance and nonuniqueness of the conductivity model to the final GIC uncertainties.
Dynamic Adaptive Environmental Flows (DAE‐Flows) to Reconcile Long‐Term Ecosystem Demands With Hydropower Objectives
Authors: Dalcin Ana Paula , Marques Guilherme Fernandes , Tilmant Amaury , Olivares Marcelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how environmental flows (e‐flows) can be designed as dynamic operating policies to optimize long‐term economic and ecosystem performance in reservoir systems. The main goal is to provide e‐flow solutions that contribute to better preparedness and flexibility of hydro‐systems to face multiyear stress periods, reducing the impact of water crises. The methodology framework combines a fish‐flow model with a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm to construct multiple environmental water demand curves and capture the opportunity cost of different levels of ecosystem preservation. The water demand curves applied to a stochastic dynamic hydro‐economic model then derive dynamic e‐flow policies that balance immediate and future water use tradeoffs. The approach, termed dynamically adaptive environmental flows (DAE‐flows), is demonstrated on the Paraná River Basin, Brazil, a large‐scale hydropower system. Results show that the approach can adjust e‐flows (coordinated with other hydro‐system releases) over the time horizon, sacrificing them at certain times at the expense of some ecosystem loss, but improving long‐term ecosystem functioning. A long‐term approach to adaptation also yields better results for the environment without imposing a hard constraint to hydropower during droughts. Even under a drier climate change scenario, this allowed maintenance and improvement of environmental performance in most years, so during severe droughts the water could still be reallocated to hydropower but at a lesser cost to the environment.
Neutrophil extracellular traps aggravate neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via TLR9 after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mi Liang , Min Xiaobin , Shi Mingming , liu Liang , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhu Yanlin , Li Peng , Chai Yan , Chen Fanglian , Deng Quanjun , Zhang Shu , Zhang Jianning , Chen Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis play an important role during secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation has been demonstrated to be associated with neurological damage after TBI. However, the correlation between ER stress and NETs remains unclear, and the specific function of NETs in neurons has not been defined. In this study, we found that the levels of NETs circulating biomarkers were remarkably elevated in the plasma of TBI patients. We then inhibited NETs formation by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, a critical enzyme for NETs formation) deficiency and discovered that ER stress activation and ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis were reduced. The degradation of NETs via DNase I showed similar outcomes. Furthermore, overexpression of PAD4 aggravated neuronal ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis, while TLR9 antagonist administration abrogated the damage caused by NETs. In addition to in vivo experiments, in vitro experiments revealed that treatment with a TLR9 antagonist alleviated NETs-induced ER stress and apoptosis in HT22 cells. Collectively, our results indicated that ER stress as well as the accompanying neuronal apoptosis can be ameliorated by disruption of NETs and that suppression of the TLR9-ER stress signaling pathway may contribute to positive outcomes after TBI.
Myeloid-derived growth factor alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease alleviates in a manner involving IKKβ/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Ding Yan , Xu Xiaoli , Meng Biying , Wang Li , Zhu Biao , Guo Bei , Zhang Jiajia , Xiang Lin , Dong Jing , Liu Min , Xiang Guangda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhether bone marrow modulates systemic metabolism remains unknown. Our recent study suggested that myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) improves insulin resistance. Here, we found that myeloid cell-specific MYDGF deficiency aggravated hepatic inflammation, lipogenesis, and steatosis, and show that myeloid cell-derived MYDGF restoration alleviated hepatic inflammation, lipogenesis, and steatosis. Additionally, recombinant MYDGF attenuated inflammation, lipogenesis, and fat deposition in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs). Importantly, inhibitor kappa B kinase beta/nuclear factor-kappa B (IKKβ/NF-κB) signaling is involved in protection of MYDGF on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These data revealed that myeloid cell-derived MYDGF alleviates NAFLD and inflammation in a manner involving IKKβ/NF-κB signaling, and serves as a factor involved in the crosstalk between the liver and bone marrow that regulates liver fat metabolism. Bone marrow functions as an endocrine organ and serves as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
Elevated levels of FMRP-target MAP1B impair human and mouse neuronal development and mouse social behaviors via autophagy pathway
Authors: Guo Yu , Shen Minjie , Dong Qiping , Méndez-Albelo Natasha M. , Huang Sabrina X. , Sirois Carissa L. , Le Jonathan , Li Meng , Jarzembowski Ezra D. , Schoeller Keegan A. , Stockton Michael E. , Horner Vanessa L. , Sousa André M. M. , Gao Yu ,   Birth Defects Research Laboratory, Glass Ian A. , Doherty Dan , Levine Jon E. , Wang Daifeng , Chang Qiang , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 protein (FMRP) binds many mRNA targets in the brain. The contribution of these targets to fragile X syndrome (FXS) and related autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Here, we show that FMRP deficiency leads to elevated microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) in developing human and non-human primate cortical neurons. Targeted MAP1B gene activation in healthy human neurons or MAP1B gene triplication in ASD patient-derived neurons inhibit morphological and physiological maturation. Activation of Map1b in adult male mouse prefrontal cortex excitatory neurons impairs social behaviors. We show that elevated MAP1B sequesters components of autophagy and reduces autophagosome formation. Both MAP1B knockdown and autophagy activation rescue deficits of both ASD and FXS patients’ neurons and FMRP-deficient neurons in ex vivo human brain tissue. Our study demonstrates conserved FMRP regulation of MAP1B in primate neurons and establishes a causal link between MAP1B elevation and deficits of FXS and ASD.
Campylobacter vaccination reduces diarrheal disease and infant growth stunting among rhesus macaques
Authors: Hendrickson Sara M. , Thomas Archana , Raué Hans-Peter , Prongay Kamm , Haertel Andrew J. , Rhoades Nicholas S. , Slifka Jacob F. , Gao Lina , Quintel Benjamin K. , Amanna Ian J. , Messaoudi Ilhem , Slifka Mark K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCampylobacter-associated enteric disease is estimated to be responsible for more than 160 million cases of gastroenteritis each year and is linked to growth stunting of infants living under conditions of poor sanitation and hygiene. Here, we examine naturally occurring Campylobacter-associated diarrhea among rhesus macaques as a model to determine if vaccination could reduce severe diarrheal disease and infant growth stunting. Compared to unvaccinated controls, there are no Campylobacter diarrhea-associated deaths observed among vaccinated infant macaques and all-cause diarrhea-associated infant mortality is decreased by 76% (P = 0.03). By 9 months of age, there is a 1.3 cm increase in dorsal length that equaled a significant 1.28 LAZ (Length-for-Age Z score) improvement in linear growth among vaccinated infants compared to their unvaccinated counterparts (P = 0.001). In this work, we show that Campylobacter vaccination not only reduces diarrheal disease but also potentially serves as an effective intervention that improves infant growth trajectories.
Enhancing rice production sustainability and resilience via reactivating small water bodies for irrigation and drainage
Authors: Li Sisi , Zhuang Yanhua , Liu Hongbin , Wang Zhen , Zhang Fulin , Lv Mingquan , Zhai Limei , Fan Xianpeng , Niu Shiwei , Chen Jingrui , Xu Changxu , Wang Na , Ruan Shuhe , Shen Wangzheng , Mi Menghan , Wu Shengjun , Du Yun , Zhang Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRice farming threatens freshwater resources, while also being increasingly vulnerable to drought due to climate change. Rice farming needs to become more sustainable and resilient to climate change by improving irrigation drainage systems. Small water bodies, used to store drainage water and supply irrigation in traditional rice farming systems have gradually been abandoned in recent decades. This has resulted in a higher water footprint (WF) associated with rice farming due to increased freshwater usage and wastewater release, also leaving rice production more vulnerable to extreme weather events. Here, we propose how protecting and reactivating small water bodies for rice irrigation and drainage can decrease rice production WF in China by 30%, save 9% of China’s freshwater consumption, increase irrigation self-sufficiency from 3% to 31%, and alleviate yield loss in dry years by 2–3%. These findings show that redesigning rice irrigation drainage systems can help meet water scarcity challenges posed by climate change.
An optogenetic-phosphoproteomic study reveals dynamic Akt1 signaling profiles in endothelial cells
Authors: Zhou Wenping , Li Wenxue , Wang Shisheng , Salovska Barbora , Hu Zhenyi , Tao Bo , Di Yi , Punyamurtula Ujwal , Turk Benjamin E. , Sessa William C. , Liu Yansheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe serine/threonine kinase AKT is a central node in cell signaling. While aberrant AKT activation underlies the development of a variety of human diseases, how different patterns of AKT-dependent phosphorylation dictate downstream signaling and phenotypic outcomes remains largely enigmatic. Herein, we perform a systems-level analysis that integrates methodological advances in optogenetics, mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics, and bioinformatics to elucidate how different intensity, duration, and pattern of Akt1 stimulation lead to distinct temporal phosphorylation profiles in vascular endothelial cells. Through the analysis of ~35,000 phosphorylation sites across multiple conditions precisely controlled by light stimulation, we identify a series of signaling circuits activated downstream of Akt1 and interrogate how Akt1 signaling integrates with growth factor signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, our results categorize kinase substrates that are preferably activated by oscillating, transient, and sustained Akt1 signals. We validate a list of phosphorylation sites that covaried with Akt1 phosphorylation across experimental conditions as potential Akt1 substrates. Our resulting dataset provides a rich resource for future studies on AKT signaling and dynamics.
Next-generation ABACUS biosensors reveal cellular ABA dynamics driving root growth at low aerial humidity
Authors: Rowe James , Grangé-Guermente Mathieu , Exposito-Rodriguez Marino , Wimalasekera Rinukshi , Lenz Martin O. , Shetty Kartika N. , Cutler Sean R. , Jones Alexander M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under abiotic stress to recast water relations and development. To overcome a lack of high-resolution sensitive reporters, we developed ABACUS2s—next-generation Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for ABA with high affinity, signal-to-noise ratio and orthogonality—that reveal endogenous ABA patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. We mapped stress-induced ABA dynamics in high resolution to reveal the cellular basis for local and systemic ABA functions. At reduced foliar humidity, root cells accumulated ABA in the elongation zone, the site of phloem-transported ABA unloading. Phloem ABA and root ABA signalling were both essential to maintain root growth at low humidity. ABA coordinates a root response to foliar stresses, enabling plants to maintain foraging of deeper soil for water uptake.
Experience exceeds awareness of anthropogenic climate change in Greenland
Authors: Minor Kelton , Jensen Manumina Lund , Hamilton Lawrence , Bendixen Mette , Lassen David Dreyer , Rosing Minik T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough Greenland is a hub for climate science, the climate perceptions of Greenland’s predominantly Indigenous population have remained largely unstudied. Here we present two nationally representative surveys and show that Greenlanders are more likely than residents of top oil-producing Arctic countries to perceive that climate change is happening and about twice as likely to have personally experienced its effects. However, half are unaware that climate change is human-caused and those who are most affected appear to be least aware. Personal experience and awareness of human-induced climate change diverge along an Inuit cultural dimension. Indigenous identity positively predicts climate change experience, whereas subsistence occupation and no post-primary education negatively predict attribution beliefs. Despite Greenland’s centrality to climate research, we uncover a gap between the scientific consensus and Kalaallit views of climate change, particularly among youth. This science–society gulf has implications for local climate adaptation, science communication and knowledge exchange between generations, institutions and communities.
Response of stratospheric water vapour to warming constrained by satellite observations
Authors: Nowack Peer , Ceppi Paulo , Davis Sean M. , Chiodo Gabriel , Ball Will , Diallo Mohamadou A. , Hassler Birgit , Jia Yue , Keeble James , Joshi Manoj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFuture increases in stratospheric water vapour risk amplifying climate change and slowing down the recovery of the ozone layer. However, state-of-the-art climate models strongly disagree on the magnitude of these increases under global warming. Uncertainty primarily arises from the complex processes leading to dehydration of air during its tropical ascent into the stratosphere. Here we derive an observational constraint on this longstanding uncertainty. We use a statistical-learning approach to infer historical co-variations between the atmospheric temperature structure and tropical lower stratospheric water vapour concentrations. For climate models, we demonstrate that these historically constrained relationships are highly predictive of the water vapour response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. We obtain an observationally constrained range for stratospheric water vapour changes per degree of global warming of 0.31 ± 0.39 ppmv K−1. Across 61 climate models, we find that a large fraction of future model projections are inconsistent with observational evidence. In particular, frequently projected strong increases (>1 ppmv K−1) are highly unlikely. Our constraint represents a 50% decrease in the 95th percentile of the climate model uncertainty distribution, which has implications for surface warming, ozone recovery and the tropospheric circulation response under climate change.
Exciton-assisted electron tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Wang Lujun , Papadopoulos Sotirios , Iyikanat Fadil , Zhang Jian , Huang Jing , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Calame Michel , Perrin Mickael L. , García de Abajo F. Javier , Novotny Lukas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe control of elastic and inelastic electron tunnelling relies on materials with well-defined interfaces. Two-dimensional van der Waals materials are an excellent platform for such studies. Signatures of acoustic phonons and defect states have been observed in current-to-voltage measurements. These features can be explained by direct electron–phonon or electron–defect interactions. Here we use a tunnelling process that involves excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We study tunnel junctions consisting of graphene and gold electrodes separated by hexagonal boron nitride with an adjacent TMD monolayer and observe prominent resonant features in current-to-voltage measurements appearing at bias voltages that correspond to TMD exciton energies. By placing the TMD outside of the tunnelling pathway, we demonstrate that this tunnelling process does not require any charge injection into the TMD. The appearance of such optical modes in electrical transport introduces additional functionality towards van der Waals material–based optoelectronic devices.
Different intrauterine environments and children motor development in the first 6 months of life: a prospective longitudinal cohort
Authors: Costa Wiltgen Andressa , Valentini Nadia Cristina , Beltram Marcelino Thiago , Santos Pinto Guimarães Luciano , Homrich Da Silva Clécio , Rombaldi Bernardi Juliana , Zubaran Goldani Marcelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis prospective cohort longitudinal study examines the risk factors associated with different intrauterine environments and the influence of different intrauterine environments on children’s motor development at 3- and 6-months of life. Participants were 346 mother/newborn dyads enrolled in the first 24 to 48 h after delivery in public hospitals. Four groups with no concurrent condition composed the sample: mothers with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes, mothers with newborns small for gestational age due to idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), mothers who smoked tobacco during gestation, and a control group composed of mothers without clinical condition. Children were assessed at three- and six-months regarding motor development, weight, length, head circumference, and parents completed a socioeconomic questionnaire. The IUGR children had lower supine, sitting, and overall gross motor scores at 6 months than the other children’s groups. Anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics negatively influenced gross motor development. IUGR and anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics negatively impact motor development. Intrauterine environment impact child neurodevelopment.