bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis: a bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomized study
Authors: Yang Jiyong , Liu Peng , Wang Shuai , Jiang Tao , Zhang Yilong , Liu Wengang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia (SP) are closely related to each other, but the causal relationships between them have not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal associations between OA and SP via a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods
A bi-directional two-sample MR was adopted to research the causal relationship between SP and OA. The instrumental variables for SP and four types of OA: KOA, HOA, total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) were derived from published large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median estimator (WME) methods were used to estimate bi-directional causal effects.

Results
Low grip strength (GS) did not have a causal effect on four types of OA (KOA: OR = 1.205, 95% CI 0.837–1.734, p = 0.316; HOA: OR = 1.090, 95% CI 0.924–1.609, p = 0.307; TKR: OR = 1.190, 95% CI 1.084–1.307, p = 0.058; THR: OR = 1.035, 95% CI 0.792–1.353, p = 0.798), while appendicular lean mass (ALM) had a causal effect on four types of OA (KOA: OR = 1.104, 95% CI 1.041–1.171, p = 0.001; HOA: OR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.071–1.237, p < 0.001; TKR: OR = 1.114, 95% CI 1.007–1.232, p < 0.001; THR: OR = 1.203, 95% CI 1.099–1.316, p < 0.001). In the reverse direction, KOA or HOA did not have a significant causal effect on both GS and ALM (KOA-GS: OR = 1.077, 95% CI 0.886–1.309, p = 0.458; KOA-ALM: Beta = 0.004, p = 0.892; HOA-GS: OR = 1.038, 95% CI 0.981–1.099, p = 0.209; HOA-ALM: Beta = − 0.017, p = 0.196; TKR-GS: OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.739–1.351, p = 0.997; TKR-ALM: Beta = 0.018, p = 0.501; THR-GS: OR = 1.037, 95% CI 0.978–1.101, p = 0.222; THR-ALM: Beta = − 0.023, p = 0.081).

Conclusions
The present study suggests that SP may have a causal effect on OA through changes in muscle composition rather than muscle strength, while little evidence was provided for the causal effect of OA on SP.
Overexpression of glutathione synthetase gene improving redox homeostasis and chicken infectious bursal disease virus propagation in chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1
Authors: Lin Jia , Min Rui , Yi Xiaoping , Zhuang Yingping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfectious bursal disease (IBD) of chickens is an acute, high-contact, lytic infectious disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The attenuated inactivated vaccine produced by DF-1 cells is an effective control method, but the epidemic protection demands from the world poultry industry remain unfulfilled. To improve the IBDV vaccine production capacity and reduce the economic losses caused by IBDV in chicken, cellular metabolic engineering is performed on host cells. In this study, when analyzing the metabolomic after IBDV infection of DF-1 cells and the exogenous addition of reduced glutathione (GSH), we found that glutathione metabolism had an important role in the propagation of IBDV in DF-1 cells, and the glutathione synthetase gene (gss) could be a limiting regulator in glutathione metabolism. Therefore, three stable recombinant cell lines GSS-L, GSS-M, and GSS-H (gss gene overexpression with low, medium, and high mRNA levels) were screened. We found that the recombinant GSS-M cell line had the optimal regulatory effect with a 7.19 ± 0.93-fold increase in IBDV titer. We performed oxidative stress and redox status analysis on different recombinant cell lines, and found that the overexpression of gss gene significantly enhanced the ability of host cells to resist oxidative stress caused by IBDV infection. This study established a high-efficiency DF-1 cells system for IBDV vaccine production by regulating glutathione metabolism, and underscored the importance of moderate gene expression regulation on the virus reproduction providing a way for rational and precise cell engineering.
Graphical Abstract
Genotoxic effect of Tamiflu and Adamine on DNA content in male albino mice
Authors: El-Alfy Nagla Zaky Ibrahim , Sakr Samia Mohamed , Mahmoud Mahmoud Fathy , Omar Heba Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) and Adamine (Amantadine HCl) are antiviral drugs which are used for prevention and treatment for influenza. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Tamiflu and Adamine on DNA content of hepatocytes of adult male albino mice.

Results
The results of comet assay showed that treatment with Tamiflu and Adamine significantly increased (P < 0.005) the mean of DNA damage in hepatocytes of the treated mice in time dependent manner compared to control one. However qRT-PCR analysis showed the mRNA expression of BAX in mice liver of all treated groups with Adamine was significantly increased (P < 0.05) after ten days of treatment while the same gene was significantly decreased in Tamiflu treated group after ten days compared to control one, While the treatment of mice with both drugs simultaneously showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in expression of BCL-2 gene and a decrease in expression of BAX gene after fifteen days of treatment.

Conclusion
Tamiflu and Adamine had produced deleterious impacts on DNA content of hepatocytes of treated mice. Whereas, the results of treatments with Adamine indicated pathogenic impacts more than that induced by Tamiflu.
Chemical characteristics and anti-Escherichia coli mechanism of water-soluble extracts from yeast cell walls
Authors: Liu Yana , Dou Baojing , Gong Fayuan , Hu Junpeng , Zhou Meifang , Pan Yuanhu , Wu Xiangyun , Huang Xin , Xie Zhiwen , Hao Haihong , Cheng Guyue , Liu Zhenli , Wang Yulian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to global public health and requires the development of new antibiotic alternatives to treat bacterial infection. Infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of diarrhea in pigs, especially in weaning piglets. The objective of this study was to characterize chemical properties of water-soluble extract (WSE) obtained from yeast cell wall, and study its antibacterial activity and antimicrobial mechanisms against E. coli.

Results
WSE was extracted from yeast cell wall by hot water, followed by anhydrous ethanol precipitation and deproteinization by Sevag method to obtain water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP, accounting for 76.53 ± 5.91% by weight of WSE). WSP was purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column to obtain three fractions of polysaccharides, WSNP, WSAP-1 and WSAP-2. Physicochemical properties of them were then characterized. The average molecular weights of WSNP, WSAP-1 and WSAP-2 were 105,130, 94,581 and 91,247 Da, respectively. WSNP was composed of glucosamine (GlcN), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) in a molar ratio of 8.6:55.2:34.4:1.8, WSAP-1 was consisted of GlcN, Glc and Man in a molar ratio of 10.9:42.2:46.9, and WSAP-2 was consisted of GlcN, galactose (Gal), Glc and Man in a molar ratio of 9.0:1.0:55.1:34.9. Spectral analysis indicated that all three polysaccharides had pyran polysaccharides, triple-helix structure, α- and β-glycosidic bond. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of WSE and WSP on E.coli were 25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively. WSE can not only disrupt the integrity of the cell wall and membrane of E.coli, but also increase the permeability of the outer membrane.

Conclusions
Our research elucidated chemical composition and structure of WSNP, WSAP-1 and WSAP-2. WSE exerted its bactericidal activity by damaging the bacterial cell wall and membrane and increasing outer membrane permeability. Yeast cell wall products have been recommended as a potential alternative to antibiotics. This work provides more information, regarding chemical properties and anti-E. coli mechanism of WSE, and facilitates the application of yeast cell wall products as a promising antibiotic alternative in animal feed.
Optic nerve sheath fenestration for salvaging acutely threatened vision in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - A two-year completed follow up
Authors: LATIF SIDRAH , Rizwan Amna , Khan Asad Aslam , Zahra Summan 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration (ONSF) for salvaging acutely threatened vision in patients of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH).
Methods: This retrospective, interventional case series study was performed at Institute of Ophthalmology Mayo Hospital Lahore from September 2017 to September 2019. Nine patients diagnosed with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension as per Modified Dandy Criteria, underwent medial trans-conjunctival ONSF. Pre-operative and 1st day, 1st week, 1st month, 1st year, and 2nd year postoperative best-corrected logMAR visual acuities (BCVA) were recorded. Mean BCVA were calculated and compared using paired t-test. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: All nine patients were female with a mean age of 24 years. The average best-correctedpre-operative logMAR visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye was 0.5 ± 0.28 and in the worse eye was 1.0 ± 0.57. After the worse eye ONSF, at 1st week mean BCVA in better eyes was 0.27 ± 0.32 (p-value=0.001), while it was 0.43 ± 0.63 (p-value=0.006) in the worse eyes. At 2nd year follow-up after optic nerve sheath fenestration mean BCVA in better eyes was 0.30 ± 0.30 (p-value=0.002) and in worse eyes was 0.44 ± 0.63 (p-value=0.007). Four patients (44.4%) had a subconjunctival hemorrhage, two patients (22.2%) had binocular diplopia, one patient (11.1%) pre-septal cellulitis, and one patient (11.1%) had no improvement in vision because of pre-operative secondary optic atrophy. All patients had unilateral fenestration and bilateral improvement, six patients (66.67%) reported improvement in headache and successful tapering of medical therapy.
Conclusion: Optic nerve sheath fenestration is effective as well as a safe surgical procedure to salvage acutely threatened vision in patients of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension on maximal medical treatment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6441
How to cite this: Latif S, Rizwan A, Khan AA, Zahra S. Optic nerve sheath fenestration for salvaging acutely threatened vision in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - A two-year completed follow up. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6441
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of Butylphthalide Combined with Fasudil on Inflammatory Factors, Cognitive Function and Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complicated with Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Tian Nan , Gan Ning , Song Chaoyan , Su Fei , Xie Jing , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of butylphthalide combined with fasudil in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) on inflammatory factors, cognitive function and vascular endothelial function.
Methods: It is a retrospective study in which a total of 104 patients with SAH with CVS admitted to Baoding First Central Hospital from July 2020 to February 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots. Patients in the control group were treated with basic symptomatic treatment, while those in the observation group were treated with butylphthalide soft capsule combined with fasudil hydrochloride injection on the basis of the control group. Before and after treatment, serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-8(IL-8), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), Birmingham Cognitive Screen test (BCoS) score, serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), serum endothelin-1(ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation function (FMD) in the two groups were compared.
Results: After treatment, the expression levels of NSE, TNF-α, IL-8 and CRP in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of all indicators in the observation group were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the scores of orientations, attention, memory, language, practice and action in the two groups were significantly increased, and the scores of all dimensions in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, S-ICAM-1, ET-1, VEGF, FMD decreased in both groups, and all indicators of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Butylphthalide combined with fasudil therapy was found as effective in reducing inflammatory factors, ameliorating cognitive function and vascular endothelial function in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated with cerebral vasospasm.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6768
How to cite this: Tian N, Gan N, Song C, Su F, Xie J, Zhang Y. Effects of Butylphthalide Combined with Fasudil on Inflammatory Factors, Cognitive Function and Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complicated with Cerebral Vasospasm. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6768
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MBBS admission criteria as predictor of academic performance in a medical college of Pakistan
Authors: Iftikhar Sundus , Khalid Mahmood Cheema  , Iqra Aziz  
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between scores obtained by students in assessments considered as admission criteria (cognitive and non-cognitive) with their academic performance in medical college.
Method: This correlational study used the data of students who got admission in Shalamar Medical and Dental College (SMDC) in 2015. Spearman correlation and Multiple regression tests were carried out to determine the relationship between admission criteria (Matric, FSC, MDCAT and MMI) and academic performance in medical college (pre-clinical and clinical years).
Results: There was significant positive correlation between scores obtained in MDCAT and pre-clinical years. When combined, MDCAT and MMI scores showed a significant positive correlation with scores obtained by students in clinical years. Scores obtained by students in pre-clinical years strongly correlated with their performance in clinical years. While scores obtained by students in FSC showed negative correlation with clinical year scores, significantly.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the tools used for admission criteria should include both cognitive and non-cognitive elements. MDCAT is a good predictor of academic performance in pre-clinical years however it can only predict performance in clinical years when combined with MMI since MMI assesses the non-cognitive attributes (communication, empathy, ethics etc.) required in those years. FSC should not be given weightage as admission criteria owing to a lot of variability in the exams and scoring of different academic boards of the country.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6839
How to cite this: Iftikhar S, Cheema KM, Aziz I. MBBS admission criteria as predictor of academic performance in a medical college of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6839
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical effect of Lymph Node Dissection in the Lateral Neck for the treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Endoscopic Thyroidectomy versus Open Surgery
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Zhang Gang , Gao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To compare the clinical effect, safety, and cosmetic effect of lymph node dissection via endoscopic thyroidectomy and open surgery in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 86 patients with PTC admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. The enrolled patients were divided into the endoscopic thyroidectomy (n = 34) and open surgery (n = 52) groups based on different surgical methods. Further comparison was conducted on the surgical indexes, postoperative complications, changes of oxidative stress indexes, numerical score system (NSS) score of postoperative cosmetic satisfaction, scar length, and recurrence rate between the two groups.
Results: The operation time was longer, and the intraoperative blood loss was lower for the endoscopic thyroidectomy group than those for the open surgery group (P < 0.05). The oxidative stress indexes of the endoscopic thyroidectomy group were significantly better than those of the open surgery group (P< 0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the endoscopic thyroidectomy group was lower than that of the open surgery group (P < 0.05). At six months after surgery, the scar length was shorter, and the NSS score was higher in the endoscopic thyroidectomy group than those in the open surgery group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Endoscopic thyroidectomy for PTC is safe and effective, with mild stress response, fewer postoperative complications, and good cosmetic effect.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7156
How to cite this: Wang G, Zhang G, Gao X. Clinical effect of Lymph Node Dissection in the Lateral Neck for the treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Endoscopic Thyroidectomy versus Open Surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7156
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Role of coronary arteries in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Qureshi Hareem Zahra , Zahid Kiran , Bukhari Syed Naseem 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To assess the role of coronary arteries in acute coronary syndrome patients who have survived sudden cardiac arrest.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Cardiology at Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 1st May 2021 to 1st October 2021. A total of 203 patients who were diagnosed with sudden cardiac arrest were included as subjects of the study. Baseline data of all patients including age, sex, body mass index, history of smoking, diabetes and hypertension was noted. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients within five days after admission in hospital due to SCA.
Results: The average age of patients was 52.61±11.09 years. There were 140 (68.97%) male and 63 (31.03%) female patients. There were 131 (64.53%) patients with STEMI and 72 (35.47%) patients with Non-STEMI. LMCAD were diagnosed in 29 (14.29%) patients, RCA in 88 (43.35%) patients, LAD in 174 (85.71%) Patients and LCX in 41 (20.20%) patients.
Conclusion: LAD has the most involvement among the coronary arteries (85.71%) in patients with sudden cardiac arrest.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7173
How to cite this: Usman M, Qureshi HZ, Zahid K, Bukhari SN. Role of coronary arteries in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7173
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of clinical efficacy of comprehensive nursing intervention on elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia
Authors: Lu Na , Liu Jing , Cai Pan 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the comprehensive nursing intervention on elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. One hundred elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia admitted to the Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were included and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional nursing intervention, while those in the experimental group were treated with comprehensive nursing intervention based on the therapy in the control group. The improvement of compliance behavior, clinical efficacy, quality of life and satisfaction with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia before and after treatment were compared and analyzed between the two groups. The proportion of patients in both groups who developed gout or renal insufficiency was recorded, and their long-term treatment outcomes were compared and analyzed.
Results: After the comprehensive nursing intervention, the number of cases of compliance behaviors in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(p<0.05). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and uric acid levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention(p=0.00). The scores of physical function, psychological function, social function and material life status improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention(p=0.00). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(p=0.02). The proportion of patients in the experimental group who developed gout was significantly lower than that in the control group(p=0.03).
Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing intervention plays a vital role in the treatment and prognosis of hypertension combined with hyperuricemia.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7233
How to cite this: Lu N, Liu J, Cai P. Analysis of clinical efficacy of comprehensive nursing intervention on elderly patients with hypertension combined with hyperuricemia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7233
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.