bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using remote sensing data within an optimal spatiotemporal model for invasive plant management: the case of Ailanthus altissima in the Alta Murgia National Park
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Blonda Palma , Casella Francesca , Diele Fasma , Marangi Carmela , Martiradonna Angela , Montomoli Francesco , Pepper Nick , Tamborrino Cristiano , Tarantino Cristina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe tackle the problem of coupling a spatiotemporal model for simulating the spread and control of an invasive alien species with data coming from image processing and expert knowledge. In this study, we implement a spatially explicit optimal control model based on a reaction–diffusion equation which includes an Holling II type functional response term for modeling the density control rate. The model takes into account the budget constraint related to the control program and searches for the optimal effort allocation for the minimization of the invasive alien species density. Remote sensing and expert knowledge have been assimilated in the model to estimate the initial species distribution and its habitat suitability, empirically extracted by a land cover map of the study area. The approach has been applied to the plant species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle within the Alta Murgia National Park. This area is one of the Natura 2000 sites under the study of the ongoing National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) funded by the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), and pilot site of the finished H2020 project ECOPOTENTIAL, which aimed at the integration of modeling tools and Earth Observations for a sustainable management of protected areas. Both the initial density map and the land cover map have been generated by using very high resolution satellite images and validated by means of ground truth data provided by the EU Life Alta Murgia Project (LIFE12 BIO/IT/000213), a project aimed at the eradication of A. altissima in the Alta Murgia National Park.
Modulation of the immune response by the host defense peptide IDR-1002 in chicken hepatic cell culture
Authors: Sebők Csilla , Tráj Patrik , Mackei Máté , Márton Rege Anna , Vörösházi Júlia , Kemény Ágnes , Neogrády Zsuzsanna , Mátis Gábor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIDR-1002, a synthetic host defense peptide (HDP), appears to be a potential candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections and the consequent inflammatory response due to its potent immunomodulatory activity. This is of relevance to the emerging issue of antimicrobial resistance in the farming sector. In this study, the effects of IDR-1002 were investigated on a chicken hepatocyte‒non-parenchymal cell co-culture, and the results revealed that IDR-1002 had complex effects on the regulation of the hepatic innate immunity. IDR-1002 increased the levels of both RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), suggesting the peptide plays a role in the modulation of macrophage differentiation, also reflected by the reduced concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. The pro-inflammatory cytokine release triggered by the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was ameliorated by the concomitantly applied IDR-1002 based on the levels of IL-6, chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (CXCLi2) and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, the production of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an essential transcription factor in the antioxidant defense pathway, was increased after IDR-1002 exposure, while protein carbonyl (PC) levels were also elevated. These findings suggest that IDR-1002 affects the interplay of the cellular immune response and redox homeostasis, thus the peptide represents a promising tool in the treatment of bacterially induced inflammation in chickens.
2D/3D ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric distal radius fractures by human readers vs artificial intelligence
Authors: Knight Jessica , Zhou Yuyue , Keen Christopher , Hareendranathan Abhilash Rakkunedeth , Alves-Pereira Fatima , Ghasseminia Siyavesh , Wichuk Stephanie , Brilz Alan , Kirschner David , Jaremko Jacob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWrist trauma is common in children and generally requires radiography for exclusion of fractures, subjecting children to radiation and long wait times in the emergency department. Ultrasound (US) has potential to be a safer, faster diagnostic tool. This study aimed to determine how reliably US could detect distal radius fractures in children, to contrast the accuracy of 2DUS to 3DUS, and to assess the utility of artificial intelligence for image interpretation. 127 children were scanned with 2DUS and 3DUS on the affected wrist. US scans were then read by 7 blinded human readers and an AI model. With radiographs used as the gold standard, expert human readers obtained a mean sensitivity of 0.97 and 0.98 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. The AI model sensitivity was 0.91 and 1.00 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. Study data suggests that 2DUS is comparable to 3DUS and AI diagnosis is comparable to human experts.
Preliminary observational study of metabonomics in patients with early and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS
Authors: Hao Zhaohu , Yao Junxin , Zhao Xiaoying , Liu Ran , Chang Baocheng , Shao Hailin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNon-targeted metabonomic techniques were used to explore changes in metabolic profiles of patients with early onset and late onset T2DM. Newly diagnosed early onset T2DM (EarT2DM) and late onset T2DM (LatT2DM) patients were recruited, and the matched age, sex, and low-risk population of diabetes mellitus were selected as the control group. 117 adults were recruited in the study, including 21 in EarT2DM group with 25 in corresponding control group (heaCG1), and 48 in LatT2DM group with 23 in corresponding control group (heaCG2). There were 15 relatively distinctive metabolic variants in EarT2DM group and 10 distinctive metabolic variants in LatT2DM group. The same changing pathways mainly involved protein, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, lysosome and mTOR signaling pathway. The independent disturbed pathways in EarT2DM included branched chain amino acids, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. The independent disturbed pathways in LatT2DM involved linoleic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine, proline metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. T2DM patients at different diagnosed ages may have different metabolite profiles. These metabolic differences need to be further verified.
Road traffic can be predicted by machine learning equally effectively as by complex microscopic model
Authors: Sroczyński Andrzej , Czyżewski Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince high-quality real data acquired from selected road sections are not always available, a traffic control solution can use data from software traffic simulators working offline. The results show that in contrast to microscopic traffic simulation, the algorithms employing neural networks can work in real-time, so they can be used, among others, to determine the speed displayed on variable message road signs. This paper describes an experiment to develop and test machine learning models, i.e., long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit recurrent networks, and stacked autoencoder networks. It compares their effectiveness with traffic prediction results generated using a widely recognized traffic simulator that analyzes traffic at the level of individual vehicles.
Improved pearl millet genomes representing the global heterotic pool offer a framework for molecular breeding applications
Authors: Ramu Punna , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Sanyal Abhijit , Fengler Kevin , Cao Jun , Zhang Yun , Nimkar Mitali , Gerke Justin , Shreedharan Sriram , Llaca Victor , May Gregory , Peterson-Burch Brooke , Lin Haining , King Matthew , Das Sayan , Bhupesh Vaid , Mandaokar Ajin , Maruthachalam Karunakaran , Krishnamurthy Pobbathi , Gandhi Harish , Rathore Abhishek , Gupta Rajeev , Chitikineni Annapurna , Bajaj Prasad , Gupta S. K. , Satyavathi C. Tara , Pandravada Anand , Varshney Rajeev K. , Babu Raman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.
Arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction for complex crossing road in aerial view
Authors: Li Shuang , Liu Chunsheng , Chen Luchang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifferent from object detection in natural images, aerial‐view object detection faces special challenges with large changes in object orientation and wide multi‐scale distribution. Many methods based on Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) can reach accurate results, yet may face the problem of parameter mutation and axis prediction deviation. To address these problems, a two‐stage detection framework is proposed for arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction, named Axis Prediction Network. First, a Deformable Convolution Fusion Module (DCF‐Module) is proposed to enhance the ability of FPN to extract multi‐scale semantic features, for dealing with the multi‐scale change of objects. Then, the axis heat‐map prediction head network is proposed to fit the long axis of oriented objects labeled with Gaussian model, which uses pixel‐by‐pixel prediction heatmap to calculate the long axis of the object, avoiding the angle mutation of an OBB. Last, the long and short side prediction head network is proposed to predict the shape of an oriented object, avoiding the mutation of the width and height of an OBB. The experiments are conducted on the new built Crossroad dataset and the public DOTA dataset. Experiment results show that the proposed method achieve good performance in arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction in aerial view.
Volkskrankheit diabetische Retinopathie
Authors: Spital Georg , Faatz Henrik 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie diabetische Retinopathie (DR) ist eine der häufigsten Komplikationen von Diabetes mellitus und eine der häufigsten Ursachen einer Sehminderung im Erwerbsalter in der westlichen Welt.
Die Behandlung der DR hängt von der Ausprägung ab, daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, die Patienten möglichst früh zu detektieren, um eine frühzeitige Behandlung einzuleiten und das
Sehvermögen zu erhalten. Trotz derzeit unzureichender Screeningteilnahme frequentieren Menschen mit Diabetes bereits überdurchschnittlich häufig augenärztliche Praxen und Kliniken. Ihre
Betreuung samt Diagnostik und Therapie nimmt seit Jahren einen wachsenden Anteil der augenärztlichen Tätigkeit ein. Da weltweit die Diabetesprävalenz dramatisch zunimmt und auch für
Deutschland eine weitere Zunahme prognostiziert wird, dürfte die Herausforderung für die Augenärztinnen und Augenärzte noch erheblich wachsen. Gleichzeitig werden die diagnostischen
Möglichkeiten zur Differenzierung einer DR und die therapeutischen Maßnahmen – gerade mit der IVOM-Therapie – immer aufwendiger, was die zeitliche Belastung im klinischen Alltag erhöht. Die
Hoffnung, Versorgungsengpässe zu vermeiden und Screeningraten sowie die Visusprognose bei Patienten mit DR weiter zu verbessern, beruht u. a. auf einem kameraassistierten Screening,
unterstützt durch künstliche Intelligenz. Auch eine bessere Diabetesbehandlung, um die Prävalenz der DR zu senken, sowie länger wirksamere Medikamente für die Behandlung einer DR könnten in
der Zukunft die Versorgung der Betroffenen verbessern und helfen, augenärztliche Praxen zu entlasten.
A Prospective Trial on Reuse of Tissue Expanders
Authors: Agrawal K , Panda K N , Agrawal A 
Published: September 2023

SummaryA report on a prospective trial on the reuse of tissue expander is presented, to determine the feasibility of reusing these implants, the risks involved and the incidence of complications. Four tissue expanders of different capacities were repeatedly used in 17 patients for different indications, after explaining the possible risks to all of them. Two patients encountered complications while reusing the expanders, but this did not compromise the final result. We feel that like refurbished cardiac pacemakers, the reuse of these expanders has no untoward effect on the patient as well as on the reconstructive procedure. A protocol for expander removal, resterilization and testing has been described.
Calvarial Bone Graft for Cranial Bone Defects
Authors: Biswas G , Tiwari M K 
Published: September 2023

SummaryCranial defects are commonly a result of high velocity trauma. Bone loss may also occur as a consequence of infection or following surgical excision for tumour. Reconstruction of these defects has been attempted with both alloplastic and autogenic materials. This paper outlines the use of the calvarium, as a source of autogenic graft, for such defects in 12 patients. Two techniques for safely harvesting calvarial bone grafts, selection of appropriate procedure, fixation and results are discussed along with relevant literature.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Liposuction in the Treatment of Gynaecomastia
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Parul Parul 
Published: September 2023

SummaryA retrospective study of 11 gynaecomastia patients was done to evaluate the efficacy of liposuction in its treatment. Seven patients had pseudogynaecomastia, where liposuction alone gave satisfactory results. Two patients were of mixed gynaecomastia type and in them excision of glandular tissue was required in addition to liposuction. One patient had true gynaecomastia in which excision of glandular tissue was done due to failed liposuction.
Effect of polyurethane coating on mechanical response of shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Wu Shaofu , Zuo Shungui , Wang Bo , Kong Haijuan , Liu Yu , Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In micro-electro-mechanical systems, the risk of short circuit arises when shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators mistakenly come into contact with other metal parts. Coating the SMAs with insulating layer can solve this problem. However, unlike traditional conductive wires that experience minimal length changes with current, SMA wires undergo significant length variations during electrical execution. This can affect the bonding between the coating and the SMA wires, as well as the mechanical response of the actuators. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an insulating coating on the mechanical response of SMA wires. The results show that a layer of polyurethane coating provides long-term insulation to the SMA wires. While this coating reduces the recoverable strain of SMA wires under passive heating, its effect on actuation strain under electrical heating is relatively minor. Additionally, the coating enables the SMA wire to work smoothly by relieving overshooting and vibration phenomena during execution, and helps the wire work in a wider current range than an uncoated wire. Moreover, the coating enhances the response speed of SMA wires during power-on but reduces the response speed during power-off, this influence weakens as driving currents increase. These distinct mechanical responses can be primarily attributed to the coating’s influence on heat transfer behavior of the SMA wires.
Electromagnetic-mechanical coupling analysis of high-temperature superconducting racetrack coil
Authors: Yu Liuyuan , Niu Mengdie , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The second-generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductor has been recognized as one of the most promising materialsfor high field magnets due to its superior electromagnetic and mechanical performances. HTS racetrack coils wound with the coated conductors are an extensively used configuration in engineering applications, such as HTS machines and high-speed maglevs. In this paper, in order to analyze the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of HTS racetrack coils, a 3D coupled electromagnetic-mechanical model is used to consider the effect of coil deformation and the strain dependence of critical current. The effectiveness of the coupled model is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data in the literature. A numerical simulation of a 3D HTS racetrack coil subjected to an external electromagnetic field is carried out using coupled and uncoupled models. The results indicate that the structure deformation can reduce the penetration depth of the screening current, and the hoop stress and strain are mainly concentrated on the circular part of the racetrack coil. Afterwards, the influences of various parameters on the electromagnetic and mechanical responses of the HTS racetrack coil are also investigated.
Nonmonotonic dependence of adhesion between liquid aluminum and silicon surface on the temperature of the surface
Authors: Liu Zhanying , Rui Zhiyuan , Huang Yuan , Lv Xin , Zhuo Junting , Ding Simin , Dong Yun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of temperature on the adhesion properties between liquid aluminum (Al) and solid silicon (Si) in the presence and absence of vacancy defects is elucidated. Firstly, the perfect defect-free and vacancy defect models consist of crystalline Al probe and Si substrate are established by classical molecular dynamics simulation method. Then, the melting and adhesion process of probe Al are simulated, and the adhesion performance and microscopic permeation evolution of liquid Al/solid Si are analyzed. The results show that the adhesion force changes nonmonotonically with increasing substrate temperature T without vacancy defects. Specifically, when the substrate temperature varies at relatively low values smaller than the melting point of Al, that is, 100 K < T < 933 K, the thermal excitation provides more energy to the substrate Si atoms, which intensifies the aggregation of the substrate atoms, makes the interfacial atoms more dense and the number of atoms permeating into the substrate decreases, resulting in a decrease in adhesion force. On the contrary, when 933 K < T < 1500 K, due to the thermal effect, higher temperatures intensify the thermal vibration of the substrate atoms, resulting in violent collisions between the interfacial atoms, and the space for free movement increases, thus making the distance between the atoms larger. And the number of Al atoms permeating into the substrate Si increases, leading to an increase in interfacial adhesion. Furthermore, the adhesion force shows an upward trend with the elevated temperature in the presence of vacancy defects at low temperatures, this is attributed to the fact that more atoms are broken away from the equilibrium lattice structure, and the number of permeating atoms increases by increasing temperature. In particular, the interfacial adhesion is the largest when the vacancy defects of the substrate are the most serious.
Inflation and electroweak symmetry breaking
Authors: Alexander Stephon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a model of Cosmological Electroweak Symmetry
Breaking (CEWSB), where a Higgs-like field and a cosmological
background of weak boson gauge fields interact with gravity to
realize the epoch of cosmic inflation, which is then followed by a
Higgs resonance preheating. As a result, the scale of electroweak
symmetry breaking is linked with the end of inflation. The theory
is equipped with a shift symmetry that can protect the Higgs mass,
and it has close semblance to natural inflation and its variants.
As the Higgs field's amplitude decays at the end of inflation, its
mass emerges. The model has a built in Higgs self-resonance
preheating mechanism which leads to the possible emergence of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to resonant Higgs, quark and
lepton production after inflation. We provide a pathway to
implement a similar mechanism with the realistic Higgs-doublet of
the standard electroweak theory and discuss phenomenological
considerations.
Molecular states in
systems*
Authors: Yalikun Nijiati , Dong 董 Xiang-Kun 相坤 , Zou 邹 Bing-Song 冰松 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The possible hadronic molecules in

systems with

, and

are investigated with interactions described by light meson exchanges. By varying the cutoff in a phenomenologically reasonable range of

GeV, we find ten near-threshold (bound or virtual) states in the single-channel case. After introducing the coupled-channel dynamics of

-

-

-

-

-

systems, these states, except those below the lowest channels in each

sector, move into the complex energy plane and become resonances in the mass range

GeV. Their spin-parities and nearby thresholds are

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

. The impact of the

-term in the one-boson-exchange model on these states is presented. Setting

GeV as an illustrative value, it is found that

is a stable bound state (becoming unstable if the coupling to lower channels is turned on),

and

are physical resonances in cases where the

-term is included or excluded, and the other seven states are physical resonances or "virtual-state-like" poles near thresholds, depending on whether the

-term is included. In addition, the partial decay widths of the physical resonances are provided. These double-charm hidden-strangeness pentaquark states, as the partners of the experimentally observed

and

states, can be searched for in the

final states in the future.
Constraining the Spatial Curvature of the Local Universe with Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Liang , Hu Li-Juan , Tang Li , Wu Ying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We use the distance sum rule method to constrain the spatial curvature of the Universe with a large sample of 161 strong gravitational lensing systems, whose distances are calibrated from the Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae using deep learning. To investigate the possible influence of mass model of the lens galaxy on constraining the curvature parameter Ω
k
, we consider three different lens models. Results show that a flat Universe is supported in the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) model with the parameter

Ω

k

=

0.049

−
0.125

+
0.147

. While in the power-law (PL) model, a closed Universe is preferred at the ∼3σ confidence level, with the parameter

Ω

k

=
−

0.245

−
0.071

+
0.075

. In the extended PL model, the 95% confidence level upper limit of Ω
k
is <0.011. As for the parameters of the lens models, constraints on the three models indicate that the mass profile of the lens galaxy could not be simply described by the standard SIS model.