bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease: A role of biomarkers in early diagnosis and evidences from African ethnomedicinal knowledge
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Verma Sonam , Singh Sumit Kumar , Arya Vedpriya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological ailment that primarily affects the elderly and necessitates an efficient treatment regimen backed up by extensive care. Despite advancement in the in vivo imaging techniques focussing on early diagnosis of reliable biomarkers using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission topography (PET) scans, AD remains largely unexplained and effective preventative and treatment strategies are still lacking. Consequently, research groups are constantly attempting to improve its early detection, using both invasive and non‐invasive techniques with established core markers like Aβ and Tau (t‐tau and p‐tau) proteins. Unfortunately, African American and other black races are facing an increasing burden of closely associated risk factors, and only a few attempts have been made to find effective complementary and alternative therapies for AD cure and management. A greater epidemiology and natural product research are required to deal with the concurrent rise of dementia among quickly ageing African population, which so far have largely been ignored in addition to a disparity in the AD risk factors. We have tried to bring attention to the issue by reviewing up on this predisposition while generating a perspective on how race may affect AD risk and expression. This article also puts emphasis on finding new research leads from African phytodiversity while presenting several of the important species along with their biological agents found helpful in dementia related symptoms.
The dialectic of (menopause) zest: Breaking the mold of organizational irrelevance
Authors: Quental Camilla , Rojas Gaviria Pilar , del Bucchia Céline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrawing from women's testimonials in The Guardian and from contributions of feminist writers, Virginia Woolf, Julia Kristeva, and Margaret Mead, we start a conversation on the positive and energizing aspects of menopause in the workplace. We propose a social interpretation of menopause that challenges a pervasive perspective of medical decline: A theorization of “the dialectic of zest,” as inspired by the writings of Margaret Mead. By problematizing the experiences of women going through this transition in the workplace, we reveal how well‐intentioned awareness campaigns can lead to further stigmatization. We thus encourage organizations to not only favor an approach of “education for all” but also extend their social imaginaries beyond medicalized perspectives and coping views. Organizations can then embrace the potential of “zest,” a positive side of menopause that remains largely unknown. We argue that organizations, inspired by a holistic view of menopause in the workplace, can creatively support the professional progressions and ambitions of not only women but also all employees.
Mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of glass mullite composites for low‐temperature cofired ceramic and radome applications
Authors: Bilaç Oğuzhan , Duran Cihangir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSiO2‐Al2O3‐CaO‐based glass (10–60 wt%)/mullite composites were investigated for the LTCC and radome applications. The optimum densification temperatures decreased from 1550°C (10 wt% glass) to 1400°C (30 wt% glass) by means of liquid‐phase sintering, and to 850°C–825°C (50–60 wt% glass) by means of viscous phase sintering. XRD analysis showed that mullite was the main phase as well as in situ crystallized anorthite after 825°C. The composite with 20 wt% glass was a suitable candidate for the radome applications (bulk density = 2.86 g/cm3 after sintering at 1450°C, dielectric constant (loss) = 7.12 (0.0025) at 5 MHz, thermal expansion coefficient = 4.27 ppm/°C between 25°C and 800°C, thermal shock resistance parameter = 162°C), and the composite with 50 wt% glass was a suitable candidate for the low‐temperature cofired ceramic applications (bulk density = 2.64 g/cm3 after sintering at 850°C, dielectric constant (loss) = 6.79 (0.0043) at 5 MHz, thermal conductivity = 2.11 W/m⋅K at 25°C, and thermal expansion coefficient = 3.93 ppm/°C between 25°C and 300°C).
On the safe side of stochastic programming: bounds and approximations
Authors: Narum Benjamin S. , Maggioni Francesca , Wallace Stein W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere will always be stochastic programs that are too large or complex to be solved in their basic form. In this article, we review, discuss, and compare different ways such stochastic programs can be handled using bounds and approximations, all based on manipulations of the random variables. We are particularly interested in how methods based on different underlying ideas can be combined or possibly are the same.
The impact of pandemics on healthcare providers' workloads: A scoping review
Authors: Doleman Gemma , De Leo Annemarie , Bloxsome Dianne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo review and synthesize available evidence exploring the impact of pandemics on direct healthcare providers' workloads in the acute care setting.DesignScoping review.Data SourcesA review of English research articles published up to August 2022 that examined the impact of pandemics on healthcare providers’ workloads was undertaken. Studies were identified by searching four electronic databases: Medline (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science and PsychInfo (EBSCO). Fifty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria.Review MethodsThe review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses Scoping Review checklist.ResultsHealthcare workers experience an increase in workload pressures during a pandemic. This included patients requiring more care, undertaking non‐normal work activities, increase in work content including changes to documentation, increase in demand and skills required, an increase in overtime and hours of work per week and higher patient‐to‐nurse ratios. The review also highlighted changes to the work environment and worsened work environments, including staffing shortages.ConclusionFocused efforts from health organizations to prioritize supportive conditions, policies focused on improved work environments, staffing adequacy and fair and reasonable workloads will enhance retention of the current workforce and future planning for pandemics.ImpactUnderstanding workload challenges faced by frontline health professionals during the pandemic can improve planning, including policies and procedures, and resource allocation for future pandemic or emergency situations. In addition, extended periods of high workloads can impact staff retention. As many countries return to life after COVID‐19, it is important that healthcare organizations examine staff pressures and identify ways to support staff moving forward. This will be vital for the future sustainability of the workforce.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Delivering value‐based healthcare for people with diabetes in a national publicly funded health service: Lessons from Ireland and Wales
Authors: O’Donnell Máire T , Lewis Sally , Davies Sarah , Dinneen Sean F 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe term value‐based healthcare (VBHC) describes an approach to the organization and delivery of care that emphasizes reducing the cost of care while improving outcomes. This involves increased investment earlier in the care pathway e.g., in the prevention, timely diagnosis, and screening for complications in order to maximize the overall impact of care. Key elements of VBHC include the collection and interpretation of relevant data to drive quality improvement and appropriateness of care, a focus on a continuum of care from prevention through to complications, an awareness of the financial drivers of the cost of care and a recognition that meaningful outcomes of care are those that are important to patients. Although VBHC has its origins in North America and has mostly been applied to private health systems, the principles can also be applied to national health services. In publicly funded health systems, where resources are finite, VBHC initiatives aim to eliminate ineffective care that has no beneficial impact or added value for patients and to optimize patient outcomes by delivering care that meets the changing healthcare needs of a population over time. The National Health Service in Wales has established a VBHC Office and has begun to realize the benefits of adopting VBHC approaches. The Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) can learn from the approaches used in Wales. In this paper we explore some of the principles of VBHC through case studies from Ireland and Wales highlighting how national health services are using VBHC to achieve improvement in outcomes for people living with diabetes.
Leadership Link: Evaluation of an Online Leadership Curriculum for Certified Midwives and Certified Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Clark Emma , Solomon Julie , Cunningham Shayna D. , Bard Kristin , Storey Akane Sugimoto 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMidwifery leadership is vital for improving maternal health outcomes, yet limited leadership training opportunities exist. This study evaluated acceptability and preliminary outcomes of Leadership Link, a scalable online learning program that aims to increase midwives’ leadership competencies.MethodsThe program evaluation study enrolled early‐career midwives (<10 years since certification) into an online leadership curriculum using the LinkedIn Learning platform. The curriculum consisted of 10 courses (approximately 11 hours) of self‐paced, non‐health care‐specific leadership content supplemented with brief midwifery‐specific introductions from midwifery leaders. A preprogram, postprogram, and follow‐up study design was used to evaluate changes in 16 self‐assessed leadership abilities, self‐perception as a leader, and resilience. Data were also collected on the application of leadership skills acquired through, and career advancements attributed to, program participation.ResultsA total of 186 individuals activated LinkedIn Learning accounts. Almost half (41.9%) completed the full curriculum. Satisfaction was high, with 83.3% of postprogram survey respondents reporting the program was “probably” or “definitely” worth the time invested. Seventy‐six participants (40.9%) provided matched pre‐ and immediate postprogram survey data on at least some of the 16 self‐assessed leadership abilities. All 16 abilities showed statistically significant increases in pre‐ to postprogram mean scores, ranging from 6.4% to 32.5%. Both self‐perception as a leader and resilience scores significantly increased from baseline. More than 87% of postprogram and follow‐up survey respondents reported having applied new or improved leadership abilities to at least a small degree. Fifty‐eight percent of follow‐up survey respondents reported at least one midwifery career advancement, of whom 43.6% attributed the advancement, at least in part, to Leadership Link.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the online Leadership Link curriculum is acceptable and may be effective in improving midwives’ leadership capacity, potentially enhancing career opportunities and engagement in system change.
Neuroendocrine mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Historical perspectives and recent developments in physiology and pharmacology
Authors: Chen Duan , Hagen Susan J. , Boyce Malcolm , Zhao Chun‐Mei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe physiology of gastric acid secretion is one of the earliest subjects in medical literature and has been continuously studied since 1833. Starting with the notion that neural stimulation alone drives acid secretion, progress in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of this process has led to the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with acid‐related diseases. For instance, understanding the physiology of parietal cells led to the developments of histamine 2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and recently, potassium‐competitive acid blockers. Furthermore, understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrin has led to the development of gastrin/CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) antagonists. The need for refinement of existing drugs in patients have led to second and third generation drugs with better efficacy at blocking acid secretion. Further understanding of the mechanism of acid secretion by gene targeting in mice has enabled us to dissect the unique role for each regulator to leverage and justify the development of new targeted therapeutics for acid‐related disorders. Further research on the mechanism of stimulation of gastric acid secretion and the physiological significances of gastric acidity in gut microbiome is needed in the future.
Nursing practice and teleconsultations in a pandemic context: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Regragui Safa , Abou Malham Sabina , Gaboury Isabelle , Bois Caroline , Deville‐Stoetzel Nadia , Maillet Lara , Savoie Annie , Breton Mylaine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the use and implementation of teleconsultations by primary care nurses in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundTeleconsultation use increased rapidly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Its implementation has been documented for physicians and specialists, but knowledge is still limited in nursing practice.DesignA sequential mixed‐methods study.MethodsPhase 1: A cross‐sectional e‐survey with 98 nurses (64 nurse clinicians [NCs] and 34 nurse practitioners [NPs]) was conducted in 2020 in 48 teaching primary care clinics in Quebec (Canada). Phase 2: Semi‐structured interviews with four NCs and six NPs were conducted in 2021 in three primary care clinics. This study adheres to STROBE and COREQ guidelines.ResultsDuring the pandemic, telephone was the principal teleconsultation modality used by NPs and NCs compared to other teleconsultation modalities (text messages, email and video). The only variable associated with a higher likelihood of using teleconsultations was type of professional (NCs). Video consultation was almost absent from the modalities used. The majority of participants reported several facilitators to using teleconsultations in their work (e.g. web platforms and work‐family balance) and for patients (e.g. rapid access). Some barriers to utilisation were identified (e.g. lack of physical resources) for successful integration of teleconsultations at the organisational, technological and systemic levels. Participants also reported positive (e.g. assessment of cognitive deficiency) and negative (e.g. rural population) impacts of using teleconsultations during a pandemic that made the use of teleconsultations complex.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential for nurses to use teleconsultations in primary care practice and suggests concrete solutions to encourage their implementation after the pandemic.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings emphasize the need for updated nursing education, easy‐to‐use technology and the strengthening of policies for the sustainable use of teleconsultations in primary health care.Implications for the professionThis study could promote the sustainable use of teleconsultations in nursing practice.Reporting methodThe study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines; the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies were used for reporting.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution, as the study focused on the use of teleconsultation among health professionals, specifically primary care nurses.
Lawyers as infrastructures: mediations, blockages, and new possibilities in grassroots movements
Authors: KHALIL HEBA M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat roles do lawyers play when their own subaltern communities are mobilizing for justice? Drawing on the case of anti‐eviction mobilization on the island of Al‐Warraq in Egypt, this article investigates the infrastructural roles of community lawyers in grassroots movements. As their profession transformed into an underpaid and undervalued occupation, masses of lawyers became precarious professionals living subaltern lives. Living among the poor with the elite knowledge of the law enabled community lawyers to forge new relations between the grassroots and the elites, the streets and the courtroom, and farmers and the national media. Drawing on an ethnography of the movement, I posit that community lawyers operate as social infrastructures: liminal subjects in uncertain times, capable of generating new possibilities and social relations. As social infrastructures within their communities, they shape the opportunities for action, facilitating new modes of resistance while blocking others.
Soybean plants sprayed with azelaic and hexanoic acids and infected by Phakopsora pachyrhizi display better photosynthetic performance and a robust antioxidative metabolism
Authors: Rodrigues Flávia Caroline Torres , Silveira Patricia Ricardino , Cacique Isaias Severino , Oliveira Lillian Matias , Rodrigues Fabrício A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of azelaic acid (AzA) and hexanoic acid (HxA) to reduce rust development, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, on soybean and the physiological and biochemical changes involved. A 4 × 2 factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The factors studied were as follows: plants sprayed with water (control), acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM; 0.5 g/L) (a well‐recognized resistance inducer), AzA (1 mM) or HxA (20 mM) that were non‐inoculated or inoculated with P. pachyrhizi. Area under rust progress curve significantly decreased by 97%, 95% and 95% for ASM, HxA and AzA treatments, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Infected and AzA and HxA‐sprayed plants showed less impairment on photosynthesis (moderate changes in the values of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters linked to great concentrations of total chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids) in contrast to infected and water‐sprayed plants. A more robust antioxidative metabolism (great activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase) on infected and AzA and HxA‐sprayed plants helped to reduce hydrogen peroxide and anion superoxide radical depositions in leaf tissues and their concentrations. Collectively, the physiological and biochemical responses obtained for infected and AzA and HxA‐sprayed plants were comparable with that obtained with ASM. Based on these findings, it is plausible to consider the potential of using AzA and HxA for rust management in soybean toward sustainable agriculture.
Assessment of cannabidiol use in pets according to a national survey in the USA
Authors: Corsato Alvarenga I. , MacQuiddy B. , Duerr F. , Elam L. H. , McGrath S. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesConduct an online questionnaire to understand the motivations and perceptions about cannabidiol use in companion animals in the USA.Materials and MethodsData from a USA population sample who owned a pet were gathered using an online questionnaire. Perception of cannabidiol efficacy was analysed for independence against explanatory variables using the Pearson chi‐square test, followed by a binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1238 participants completed the survey; 356 had administered cannabidiol to their pet before. Dogs were the most prevalent pet, followed by cats (75.8 and 22.2%, respectively). Treats/chews and oils were the most common forms of cannabidiol (44.6 and 42.9%, respectively). The most prevalent condition for treating with cannabidiol was anxiety and stress (67.4%), followed by joint pain and inflammation (23%). Doses and frequency of cannabidiol used by many pet owners were inconsistent, and yet many participants perceived an improvement of their pets' condition with supplementation, with mild to no side effects. Most respondents had not given cannabidiol to their pets before due to uncertainty about its efficacy and safety. The frequency of cannabidiol administration and length of time administered were both significant for whether participants found it efficacious in treating a given condition, and this was more evident when supplementing cannabidiol for a longer time.Clinical SignificanceWe found heterogeneity regarding cannabidiol dosage and dosing frequency. Cannabidiol was mostly perceived as safe and effective, but there is a need to conduct further research on cannabidiol long‐term tolerability and therapeutic efficacy for treating various conditions.
Brain stimulation techniques as novel treatment options for insomnia: A systematic review
Authors: Krone Lukas B. , Fehér Kristoffer D. , Rivero Tania , Omlin Ximena 
Published: May 2023

SummaryDespite the success of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and recent advances in pharmacotherapy, many patients with insomnia do not sufficiently respond to available treatments. This systematic review aims to present the state of science regarding the use of brain stimulation approaches in treating insomnia. To this end, we searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from inception to 24 March 2023. We evaluated studies that compared conditions of active stimulation with a control condition or group. Outcome measures included standardized insomnia questionnaires and/or polysomnography in adults with a clinical diagnosis of insomnia. Our search identified 17 controlled trials that met inclusion criteria, and assessed a total of 967 participants using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electric stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation or forehead cooling. No trials using other techniques such as deep brain stimulation, vestibular stimulation or auditory stimulation met the inclusion criteria. While several studies report improvements of subjective and objective sleep parameters for different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electric stimulation protocols, important methodological limitations and risk of bias limit their interpretability. A forehead cooling study found no significant group differences in the primary endpoints, but better sleep initiation in the active condition. Two transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation trials found no superiority of active stimulation for most outcome measures. Although modulating sleep through brain stimulation appears feasible, gaps in the prevailing models of sleep physiology and insomnia pathophysiology remain to be filled. Optimized stimulation protocols and proof of superiority over reliable sham conditions are indispensable before brain stimulation becomes a viable treatment option for insomnia.