bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering gifted students in physics
Authors: Korner Marianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Awakening, recognizing, and fostering gifted students is a challenge in science education that teachers should address for the purpose of a comprehensive STEM support. Several models and strategies are known for promoting giftedness. This article discusses to what extent a format such as the Physics Olympiad is at all suitable to meet the desiderata of educating the gifted. Furthermore, we focus tasks for the promotion gifted students are presented, which were developed in th context of pre-service teacher training courses at the University of Vienna. The tasks as well as results on the students’ learning processes will be presented.
Physics Game as a Stimulus for Experimental Activity
Authors: Sukeľová Tatiana , Velmovská Klára 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given our objective of ongoing development in the area of scientific competencies among our pupils, we have identified the use of a Physics game as a stimulating tool for encouraging experimental activities. The text includes a model for creating physics games, which we followed in developing the Physics game. Through a Physics game proposed by us, we sought to determine whether it serves as a more stimulating element for experimental activities than the Standard assigned experiment. The study involved pupils in the second year of an eight-year grammar school (aged 12-13). The objective was to ascertain the extent to which the Physics game was conducive to encouraging pupils to engage in experimental activities. This was achieved by analysing the responses provided to questionnaire items pertaining to this specific aspect. From the pilot survey, we found that the Physics game created by us stimulates pupils to experiment more than the Standard assigned experiment.
Teaching scientific practices through low-cost tools: an experiment with high school students
Authors: Gabelli Lucia , Carli Marta , Lissandron Giorgio , Pantano Ornella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study regards the development of a teaching-learning sequence (TLS) for students in a technical institute, aimed at enhancing scientific practices. The TLS was designed following a design-based research methodology, undergoing two cycles of design and test. The study describes the process and analyses students’ achievement of a specific learning outcome (the development of the practice ‘developing and using models’) during the latest version of the TLS. To obtain a more accurate evaluation, an assessment strategy based on the triangulation of multiples sources (students’ work and an observation grid filled in by two independent observers) was adopted. The findings suggest that the TLS had a positive impact on the development of the target scientific practice, particularly in some sub-abilities such as the mathematization of motion, its representation through space-time graphs and motion diagrams, and the translation between different representations. On the other hand, students had difficulties in constructing multiple representations and discussing the limitations of models. The study emphasizes the importance of continued refinement of teaching proposals to address emergent challenges and optimize learning support.
Multimedia-supported electricity teaching via the application “PUMA : Spannungslabor”
Authors: Stolzenberger Christoph , Frank Florian , Trefzger Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Learning about Electricity suffers from the fundamental concepts being difficult to understand for students. The multimedia application “PUMA : Spannungslabor” was developed to support students by visualizing didactic analogies for electricity. The application uses Augmented Reality-technology to place a digital representation atop a real-world circuit. It is connected to the real-world circuit by camera and via Bluetooth, which enables the measurement and presentation of real-life data through the app. An additional mode was implemented, enabling the use of the application as a simulation. This contribution presents the application which is designed for use in classes at secondary level 1 and gives examples on how it can support learning about electricity.
Bridging the gap between cutting-edge science and school: non-formal education in high-energy physics
Authors: Tomášik Boris , Kekeláková Júlia , Melo Ivan , Pleskot Vojtěch 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report mainly on the global flagship outreach activity in particle physics: the International Particle Physics Masterclasses. It is illustrated on the example of Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The Masterclasses are described and their long-term impact is studied with the help of a survey among former participants. The positive effect of Masterclasses in shifting the attitude towards science is shown. We also discuss the modification of Masterclasses for a pandemic situation. Finally, we present CASCADE projects as a way to foster the interest in a field which has been strongly enhanced by previous experience, e.g., at Masterclasses.
Gender disparities in STEM degree programs and academic orientation actions
Authors: Elisa Dryden Silva Eva , Lippiello Stefania , Pantano Ornella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This project aimed to promote gender inclusion in Physics Education by identifying the observed needs, challenges and underlying factors contributing to gender disparities in Physics and other STEM disciplines at the University of Padova (Italy). To gather perspectives on the various elements affecting academic orientation actions, different stakeholders from our academic context were brought together in a focus group. It involved university professors, university students, high school teachers and students, researchers, and other staff members. A discourse analysis of the focus group discussion revealed that career choices are shaped by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While the participants emphasized the importance of personal interests, external influences such as family expectations, school experiences, and perceived career prospects emerged as equally significant determinants to students’ career decisions. Specific aspects emerged that can negatively or positively influence the degree choice of a student. These insights can inform the design of new interventions aimed at improving academic orientation that challenge stereotypes and biases that may discourage students from pursuing Physics and other STEM fields. The results contribute to ongoing efforts to increase the inclusivity of Physics and other STEM educational environments.
Fluorinated Electrolyte-Assisted Dry Nano LLZO Composite Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Metal Batteries
Authors: Han Qigao , Wang Fuhe , Wang Fengqian , Ji Shuaijing , Zhong Jun , Du Jinqiao , Tian Jie , Zhang Weixin , Tang Shun , Cao Yuancheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 composite solid-state electrolytes (LLZO CSSEs) face severe application challenges due to the effect of grain boundary impedance. For this reason, the ionic conduction blocking effect caused by the polymer is mitigated by a dry process while reducing the polymer content. When paired with the designed fluorinated electrolyte, the ionic conductivity of the LLZO CSSEs reach 1.52 mS cm−1, exhibiting a significant ionic conduction synergistic effect. The wide electrochemical stabilization window and better flame retardancy can guarantee the stable application of LLZO CSSEs in lithium-metal batteries, and the lithium symmetric batteries can be stably cycled more than 1000 hours under the current density of 1 mA cm−2. The Li|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 solid-state batteries achieved a better rate performance with the specific capacity of 128.50 mAh g−1 under the current of 5 C. These results indicate that LLZO CCSEs have the potential for further applications and are contributed to the development of lithium-metal batteries.
Activating Nickel-tungsten alloy for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution via interface engineering
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Wanyan Fu , Wang Zhaojie , Lu Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The design of unprecious metal catalysts that exhibit both high-performance and durstability presents a significant challenge for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Non-precious metal-based 5NiWAg10-NiW@CF catalyst with efficient HER catalytic activity was developed and synthesized based on interfacial engineering modulation. The experimental results show that the heterogeneous interface not only promotes the exposure of the active site, but also accelerates the transfer of electrons. The 5NiWAg10-NiW@CF catalyst presents high HER electrocatalytic activity, achieving an overpotential of 118 mV at a current density of 0.01 A cm−2. Particularly, the favorable kinetics of 5NiWAg10-NiW@CF towards the HER in alkaline atmosphere was evidenced by its Tafel slope as low as 103 mV dec−1. This work offers a new perspective for the interfacial engineering optimization of catalysts.
European household material footprints decrease with the degree of urbanisation if passenger mobility infrastructure is considered
Authors: Sborz Julia , Ottelin Juudit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Urbanisation influences resource use through increasing affluence and dense infrastructure, enabling different lifestyles. Previous literature has highlighted the benefits of material efficiency that cities can provide. However, there is little research on household material footprints in this context. Material footprints cover all material requirements throughout global supply chains and allocate these to the final consumer of a product or service. The study aims to fill this literature gap by analysing how household material footprints and their different categories vary in Europe according to socioeconomic variables and the degree of urbanisation. Furthermore, we adjust our baseline model to see how adding the material footprint of transport infrastructure use affects the outcomes. The material footprints decrease strongly with an increasing degree of urbanisation when infrastructure is taken into account, but much less so, when only household material consumption is considered. Surprisingly, household metal footprints are higher in rural than urban areas. This is mainly because household vehicles have a larger impact on metal footprints than electronic devices, for example. Differences in the material footprint patterns between countries highlight the importance of tailored material efficiency policies considering local characteristics.
Recent Advances in Wearable Sweat Sensors Using Functional Nucleic Acids: Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Wang Siyuan , Zhang JingJing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors leveraging functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers, have emerged as a transformative technology for real-time health monitoring and diagnostics. These sensors offer high specificity, sensitivity, and adaptability, making them ideal for various biosensing applications. This Perspective discusses recent innovations in the design and fabrication of wearable sweat sensors, with a particular focus on molecular recognition elements and signal transduction mechanisms. By addressing the limitations of traditional wearable devices, such as low specificity, poor sensitivity, and limited adaptability, functional nucleic acid-based sensors enable more accurate, real-time, and versatile health monitoring. We highlight the potential of these sensors in personalized medicine and continuous disease monitoring, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing challenges. A detailed analysis of a landmark study in the field is provided, showcasing breakthrough advancements in molecular recognition and signal transduction. Finally, we offer insights for optimizing these technologies to enhance their practicality and sustainability. Collectively, functional nucleic acid-based wearable sweat sensors are poised to become a key component in the future of health management, driven by ongoing research and technological advancements.
MLM Pretraining Dynamics for Downstream peptide: TCR Binding Prediction
Authors: Landry Brock , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting antigen peptide and T-Cell receptor binding is difficult due to the combinatoric nature of peptides and the scarcity of labeled peptide binding pairs. The masked language modeling method of pretraining is reliably used to increase the downstream performance of peptide: TCR binding prediction models by leveraging unlabeled data. In the literature, binding prediction models are commonly trained until the validation loss converges. To evaluate this method, cited transformer model architectures pretrained with masked language modeling are investigated to assess the benefits of achieving lower loss metrics during pretraining. The downstream performance metrics for these works are recorded after each subsequent interval of masked language modeling pretraining.

Results
The results demonstrate that the downstream performance benefit achieved from masked language modeling peaks substantially before the pretraining loss converges. Using the pretraining loss metric is largely ineffective for precisely identifying the best downstream performing pretrained model checkpoints (or saved states). However, the pretraining loss metric in these scenarios can be used to mark a threshold in which the downstream performance benefits from pretraining have fully diminished. Further pretraining beyond this threshold does not negatively impact downstream performance, but results in unpredictable bilateral deviations from the post-threshold average downstream performance benefit.

Data availability
The datasets used in this article for model training are publicly available from each original model’s authors at https://github.com/SFGLab/bertrand, https://github.com/wukevin/tcr-bert, https://github.com/NKI-AI/STAPLER, and https://github.com/barthelemymp/TULIP-TCR.
Multi-objective optimization evaluation of renewable and clean methanol synthesis
Authors: Hai Tao , Hamed Rasheed Rassol , Sharma Aman , Dhawan Aashim , Sharma Prabhat , Rajab Husam , Becheikh Nidhal , Aich Walid , Kolsi Lioua , Singh Narinderjit Singh Sawaran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the feasibility of establishing a power-to-fuel facility for synthesizing renewable methanol (e-methanol) through the integration of green hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is produced via water electrolysis using surplus renewable electricity, while carbon dioxide is captured from a conventional power plant’s emissions through an amine-based absorption process. Despite the current economic constraints, with production costs exceeding current market prices for methanol, the study highlights potential future competitiveness, especially considering impending European regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, the study employs a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer–Particle Swarm Optimization approach to balance the trade-offs between methanol production cost and energy efficiency.
Algebraic Varieties and Automorphic Functions
Authors: Eterović Sebastian , Zhao Roy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let $(G, X)$ be a Shimura datum, let $\Omega $ be a connected component of $X$, let $\Gamma $ be a congruence subgroup of $G(\mathbb{Q})^{+}$, and consider the quotient map $q: \Omega \to S:=\Gamma \backslash \Omega $. Consider the Harish-Chandra embedding $\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}^{N}$, where $N=\dim X$. We prove two results that give geometric conditions that, if satisfied by an algebraic variety $V \subset \mathbb{C}^{N} \times S$, ensure that there is a Zariski dense subset of $V$ of points of the form $(x,q(x))$.
Crane fly (Diptera: Tipuloidea) systematics: past, present, and future
Authors: Petersen Matthew , Gelhaus Jon , Oosterbroek Pjotr , Podėnas Sigitas , Podėnienė Virginija , Ribeiro Guilherme , Santos Daubian , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Superfamily Tipuloidea, commonly known as true crane flies, represents a taxonomically and ecologically diverse group within Diptera. Species in this clade are easily recognized by their characteristic long-legged appearance and are widespread across terrestrial and aquatic habitats. This review synthesizes the current state of Tipuloidea systematics, providing an overview of key contributions from the past that have shaped our present understanding. We review the paleontological evidence available for this group and summarize phylogenetic studies that have explored evolutionary relationships across different taxonomic levels. Although significant progress has occurred in documenting global crane fly diversity, opportunities remain to associate conspecific life stages, undertake revisionary taxonomy, and stabilize the classification system through expanded taxon sampling and the use of new genetic markers and mitochondrial genomes in future phylogenetic analyses. Finally, we highlight priority areas for future research to enhance our understanding of Tipuloidea evolution and classification.
The four pillars of endohepatology
Authors: Diehl David L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been increasing interaction between Hepatology and Endoscopy, mainly facilitated by EUS-guided modalities. There are 4 main areas that have led to the emergence of what has been called “Endohepatology”. The first is EUS-guided parenchymal liver biopsy (EUS-LB). An optimal technique EUS-LB has been developed using a 19G EUS fine needle biopsy needle with “wet suction.” There are several advantages to EUS-LB. Another component of Endohepatology is the ability to directly measuring portal pressure gradient (PPG) under EUS guidance. A 25G needle can be inserted directly into branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein to measure PPG. Although this technique requires a sedated endoscopic procedure, it is technically easier and better tolerated than the traditional transjugular approach and is very safe. Newer techniques of endoscopic management of gastric varices using EUS-guided injection of glues and coils is another driver of Endohepatology. EUS-guided glue injection is safer than direct endoscopic injection, and the use of coils decreases the incidence of glue embolization. The fourth pillar is expanded use of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GB) with lumen apposing metal stents. This is beginning to revolutionize management of gallbladder disease in cirrhotic patients who are poor candidates for cholecystectomy. Endohepatology will grow as these 4 main applications become more widespread and Hepatologists become more comfortable with the role of Endohepatology in patient management.
What is first-line and what is second-line therapy in adult patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease?
Authors: Panaccione Remo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, necessitates a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to the individual’s specific disease characteristics and overall health. Treatment strategies aim to induce and maintain remission, alleviate symptoms, normalize biomarkers, improve the endoscopic appearance of the intestine, and improve quality of life. Key therapeutic options include pharmacotherapy, featuring corticosteroids, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and more recently Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) which target different mechanisms of inflammation. Additionally, surgical interventions may be required for complications or when medical therapy fails. The recent introduction of novel therapies, such as the interleukin-23 (IL-23) anti-p19 inhibitor risankizumab and the selective JAKi upadacitinib, raises pertinent questions regarding the optimal sequencing of advanced therapeutic options. This review evaluates current data to address these questions and reflects the author’s perspectives based on a presentation at the 27th Annual University of Manitoba Key Topics in Gastroenterology 2024.
A practical approach to positioning therapies in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yanofsky Russell , Rubin David T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of ulcerative colitis (UC) has undergone significant change over the last 2 decades. While there are multiple new therapies for the management of UC, long-term remission rates remain low, and this may be in part due to the difficulty of navigating a successful treatment strategy. In this review, we propose a rational framework for treatment selection, sequencing, and optimization in patients with UC. We outline treatment goals and targets for UC, followed by a discussion of the challenges in treatment selection and considerations to help guide a sequencing strategy. These include an assessment of a therapy’s efficacy and safety, the convenience in the delivery of the therapy, ease of access, and patient-related factors. We then provide an overview of the currently approved therapies for UC, with an in-depth analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude with future directions in the management of UC, which include the use of naturopathic therapies, faecal microbiota therapy, the use of precision medicine, and other strategies such as combination therapy.
The role of virtual reality in managing inflammatory bowel disease: a novel approach to bridging mental and physical health
Authors: Anand Rajsavi , George Alvin T , Rubin David T , Spiegel Brennan M R , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, which may persist even when inflammation is controlled. These symptoms are further exacerbated by psychological stress, which may complicate disease management that involves the gut–brain axis—a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. While stress, anxiety, and depression are prevalent among patients with IBD, access to comprehensive mental health care is often limited, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool in managing psychological comorbidities and enhancing the overall care of patients with IBD.
The integration of VR in IBD care offers a novel, accessible approach to addressing both physical and mental health challenges, potentially improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes for IBD patients. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term benefits and broader applicability of VR-based interventions in diverse patient populations.