bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental prosthesis use is associated with higher protein intake among older adults with tooth loss
Authors: Kusama Taro , Takeuchi Kenji , Kiuchi Sakura , Aida Jun , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Sasaki Satoshi , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTooth loss is associated with reduced protein intake, which leads to sarcopenia and frailty in older adults.ObjectiveTo evaluate the protective effect of dental prostheses on decreased protein intake in older adults with tooth loss.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on a self‐reported questionnaire targeting older adults. Data were obtained from the Iwanuma Survey of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. We used % energy intake (%E) of total protein as the outcome and the use of dental prostheses and number of remaining teeth as explanatory variables. We estimated the controlled direct effects of tooth loss by fixing the use/non‐use of dental prostheses based on a causal mediation analysis, including possible confounders.ResultsAmong 2095 participants, the mean age was 81.1 years (1SD = 5.1), and 43.9% were men. The average protein intake was 17.4%E (1SD = 3.4) of the total energy intake. Among participants with ≥20, 10–19 and 0–9 remaining teeth, the average protein intake was 17.7%E, 17.2%E/17.4%E and 17.0%E/15.4%E (with/without a dental prosthesis), respectively. Compared to participants with ≥20 remaining teeth, those with 10–19 remaining teeth without a dental prosthesis did not have a significantly different total protein intake (p > .05). Among those with 0–9 remaining teeth without a dental prosthesis, total protein intake was significantly low (−2.31%, p < .001); however, the use of dental prostheses mitigated the association by 79.4% (p < .001).ConclusionOur results suggest that prosthodontic treatment could contribute to maintaining protein intake in older adults with severe tooth loss.
Good people are not like good knives
Authors: Mankowitz Poppy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIs anything good simpliciter? And can things count as ‘good’ independent of the context in which ‘good’ is used? Traditionally, a number of meta‐ethicists have given positive answers. But more recently, some philosophers have used observations based on natural language to argue that things can only count as ‘good’ relative to ends and contextual thresholds. I will use work from contemporary linguistics to argue that ‘good’ is ambiguous, and that it has a moral disambiguation that attributes a fixed degree of goodness. This implies that things can count as ‘good’ simpliciter, independent of context. Not only does this result provide support for the traditional view, but it also vindicates some aspects of the more recent view.
A single MYB transcription factor with multiple functions during flower development
Authors: Chopy Mathilde , Binaghi Marta , Cannarozzi Gina , Halitschke Rayko , Boachon Benoît , Heutink Roel , Bomzan Dikki Pedenla , Jäggi Lea , van Geest Geert , Verdonk Julian C. , Kuhlemeier Cris 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Members of the R2R3‐MYB transcription factor subgroup 19 (SG19) have been extensively studied in multiple plant species using different silenced or mutated lines. Some studies have proposed a function in flower opening, others in floral organ development/maturation, or specialized metabolism production. While SG19 members are clearly key players during flower development and maturation, the resulting picture is complex, confusing our understanding in how SG19 genes function.

To clarify the function of the SG19 transcription factors, we used a single system, Petunia axillaris, and targeted its two SG19 members (EOB1 and EOB2) by CRISPR‐Cas9.

Although EOB1 and EOB2 are highly similar, they display radically different mutant phenotypes. EOB1 has a specific role in scent emission while EOB2 has pleiotropic functions during flower development. The eob2 knockout mutants reveal that EOB2 is a repressor of flower bud senescence by inhibiting ethylene production. Moreover, partial loss‐of‐function mutants (transcriptional activation domain missing) show that EOB2 is also involved in both petal and pistil maturation through regulation of primary and secondary metabolism.

Here, we provide new insights into the genetic regulation of flower maturation and senescence. It also emphasizes the function of EOB2 in the adaptation of plants to specific guilds of pollinators.
The effect of oil price shocks on stock market performance in selected African countries
Authors: Okpezune Chukwuemelie C. , Seraj Mehdi , Ozdeser Huseyin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study's objective was to investigate how changes in oil prices affect stock market performance. The study's population consisted of selected African countries chosen based on factors like the size of their stock markets and whether or not they import or export oil. The world development indicator (WDI) and the OPEC bulletin or website served as sources for the data. The vector error correction model was used to analyse the collected data. Regarding the impact of oil price fluctuations on the performance of the stock market, the findings of the study were mixed. Oil price fluctuations have a positive impact on stock market performance for countries that import oil. For oil‐trading countries, the impacts were found to differ across examined countries. Oil price fluctuations had a mixed effect on both large and small stock markets. This demonstrates how crucial it is to investigate changes in the price of oil and how they might impact stock market performance, particularly in African countries.
Ligelizumab in adolescents with chronic spontaneous urticaria: Results of a dedicated phase 2b randomized clinical trial supported with pharmacometric analysis
Authors: Staubach Petra , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Sekerel Bulent Enis , Maurer Marcus , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe , Porter Miriam , Hua Eva , Ji Yan , Burciu Alis , Savelieva Marina , Severin Thomas , Drollmann Anton , Bienczak Andrzej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), a long‐lasting disease in children, impacts their quality of life. We report the results of a phase 2b dose‐finding trial of ligelizumab (NCT03437278) and a high‐affinity humanized monoclonal anti‐IgE antibody, in adolescents with CSU, supported by modeling and simulation analyses, mitigating challenges in pediatric drug development.MethodsThis multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, randomized H1‐antihistamine‐refractory adolescent CSU patients (12–18 years) 2:1:1 to ligelizumab 24 mg, 120 mg, or placebo every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Patients on placebo transitioned to ligelizumab 120 mg at week 12. Integrating data from the previous adult and present adolescent trial of ligelizumab, a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling described the longitudinal changes in ligelizumab pharmacokinetics, and its effect on weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7).ResultsBaseline UAS7 (mean ± SD) was 30.5 ± 7.3 (n = 24), 29.3 ± 7.7 (n = 13), and 32.5 ± 9.0 (n = 12) for patients (median age, 15 years) on ligelizumab 24 mg, 120 mg, and placebo, respectively. Change from baseline in UAS7 at week 12 with ligelizumab 24 mg, 120 mg, and placebo was −15.7 ± 10.9, −18.4 ± 12.3, and −13.0 ± 13.0, respectively. Ligelizumab was well‐tolerated. The modeling analysis showed that body weight, but not age, affected ligelizumab's apparent clearance. No significant differences between adolescents and adults were detected on the model‐estimated maximum effect and potency.ConclusionsLigelizumab exhibited efficacy and safety in adolescent CSU patients, consistent with that in adults. The PK and potency of ligelizumab were not impacted by age, and the same dose of ligelizumab can be used for treating adolescents and adults with CSU. Our study shows how modeling and simulation can complement pediatric drug development.
Siblings and risk of allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lisik Daniil , Ermis Saliha Selin Özuygur , Ioannidou Athina , Milani Gregorio Paolo , Nyassi Sungkutu , Spolidoro Giulia Carla Immacolata , Kankaanranta Hannu , Goksör Emma , Wennergren Göran , Nwaru Bright Ibeabughichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFollowing the “hygiene hypothesis” and the increase in the prevalence of atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, a plethora of studies have investigated the role of sibship composition as a protective factor, but findings are conflicting. The aim of this study was to synthesize the global literature linking birth order and sibship size (number of siblings) to the risk of allergic rhinitis. Fifteen databases were systematically searched, with no restrictions on publication date or language. Observational studies with defined sibship composition (birth order or sibship size) as exposure and allergic rhinitis or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (self‐reported or clinically diagnosed) as outcome were eligible. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently in pairs. Relevant data were summarized in tables. Comparable numerical data were analyzed using meta‐analysis with robust variance estimation (RVE). Seventy‐six reports with >2 million subjects were identified. Being second‐ or later‐born child was associated with protection against both current (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.79, 95% CI 0.73–0.86) and ever (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.88) allergic rhinitis. Having siblings, regardless of birth order, was associated with a decreased risk of current allergic rhinitis (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.95) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98). These effects were unchanged across age, time period, and geographical regions. Our findings thus indicate that primarily, a higher birth order, and to a lesser extent the number of siblings, is associated with a lower risk of developing allergic rhinitis.
An ancient route towards salicylic acid and its implications for the perpetual Trichormus–Azolla symbiosis
Authors: de Vries Sophie , Herrfurth Cornelia , Li Fay‐Wei , Feussner Ivo , de Vries Jan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite its small size, the water fern Azolla is a giant among plant symbioses. Within each of its leaflets, a specialized leaf cavity is home to a population of nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria (cyanobionts). Although a number of plant–cyanobiont symbioses exist, Azolla is unique in that its symbiosis is perpetual: the cyanobionts are inherited during sexual and vegetative propagation. What underpins the communication between the two partners? In angiosperms, the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a well‐known regulator of plant–microbe interactions. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we pinpoint the presence of SA in the fern. Comparative genomics and phylogenetics on SA biosynthesis genes across Chloroplastida reveal that the entire Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase‐dependent pathway likely existed in the last common ancestor of land plants. Indeed, Azolla filiculoides secondarily lost its isochorismate synthase but has the genetic competence to derive SA from benzoic acid; the presence of SA in artificially cyanobiont‐free Azolla supports the existence of this route. Global gene expression data and SA levels from cyanobiont‐containing and ‐free A. filiculoides link SA synthesis with the symbioses: SA appears to induce cyanobacterial proliferation, whereas removal of the symbiont results in reduced SA levels in a nitrogen‐dependent manner.
Varicella vaccine meningoencephalitis in a child receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Coralie Raad , Ziad Chebel , Christian Renaud , Pierre Teira , Chantal Buteau , Bruce Tapiéro , Philippe Ovetchkine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaricella vaccine, a live‐attenuated Oka‐strain of varicella zoster virus (VZV), is a recommended childhood vaccine by many countries. As with wild varicella strain, after primary infection, the live‐attenuated virus can establish latency in sensory ganglia and reactivate causing vaccine‐strain illnesses: herpes zoster (HZ), visceral or peripheral and central nervous system dissemination. We report a case of early reactivation of live‐attenuated virus—HZ and meningoencephalitis—in an immunocompromised child.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive report of a case, in a tertiary pediatric hospital, CHU Sainte‐Justine (Montréal, Canada).ResultsAn 18 month‐year old girl diagnosed with a primitive neuro‐ectodermal tumor (PNET) received the day prior to diagnosis, a first varicella vaccine (MMRV). She received chemotherapy 20 days post MMRV vaccine and autologous bone marrow transplantation 3 months post vaccination. She was considered not eligible, to acyclovir prophylaxis prior transplantation (positive for VZV IgG and negative for herpes simplex virus IgG by ELISA). At day 1 post transplantation, she developed dermatomal HZ and meningoencephalitis. Oka‐strain varicella was isolated, she was treated with acyclovir and foscarnet. Neurologic status improved in 5 days. Control of VZV viral load in cerebrospinal fluid showed a slow decrease to from 5.24 log 10 copies/mL to 2.14 log 10 copies/mL in 6 weeks. No relapse was observed. She recovered without neurological sequelae.ConclusionsOur experience highlights the importance of conducting a thorough medical history regarding vaccination and serological status of newly immunocompromised patients. Intensive chemotherapy succeeding live vaccine administration <4 weeks could have influenced early and severe viral reactivation. Early initiation of prophylactic antiviral treatment is questioned in such circumstances.
Women's social experiences before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A 3‐part measurement burst study among women in midlife with health risks
Authors: Arigo Danielle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWomen in midlife (ages 40–60) with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) often rely on social networks during times of high stress. Precautions against the spread of COVID‐19—particularly stay‐at‐home‐orders—could have limited positive social experiences during a stressful time, but also could have reduced unwanted negative social experiences. This report presents findings from an ecological momentary assessment study that used 3 bursts of 5 surveys per day for 5 days, to test for changes in women's social experiences: prior to COVID‐19 (2019), during stay‐at‐home‐orders (April‐May 2020), and during initial reopening (August‐September 2020). Participants were women aged 40–60 with one or more CVD risk factors (e.g., hypertension; N = 35, MAge = 51, MBMI = 32.2 kg/m2). Momentary reports showed that the number of positive interactions experienced in daily life did not significantly change from before to during the pandemic; positive interactions were more variable during stay‐at‐home orders than pre‐COVID, but rebounded by initial reopening (to pre‐COVID levels). In contrast, the number of negative social interactions and social comparisons decreased from before COVID to stay‐at‐home orders, and remained lower during initial reopening; these experiences were also less variable during stay‐at‐home orders and initial reopening than before COVID‐19. Thus, in a vulnerable group of women with health risks, there is little evidence that social experiences worsened during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic; decreases in (potentially) negative social experiences may be a small but beneficial side effect of short‐term public health precautions.
Impact of blue light on skin pigmentation in patients with melasma
Authors: Li Lingjia , Jiang Xin , Tu Yin , Yang Yaqi , Zhang Xin , Gu Hua , He Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe difference in skin pigmentation induced by blue light between melasma patients and healthy people has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the impact of different doses of blue light irradiation on the pigmentation of the skin of non‐exposed areas in female melasma patients with III‐IV‐type skin and healthy women.Materials and methodsThis observational study enrolled patients with melasma and healthy people at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January and April 2021. The outcomes were the degree of pigmentation, ΔL*, and ΔITA* values.ResultsForty‐two (21/group) participants were enrolled. After irradiation with different doses of blue light, different degrees of pigmentation could be observed in the irradiated area of the skin of female melasma patients and healthy women. The △L* and △ITA* values in the irradiated area of the skin of healthy women were higher than in female melasma patients after blue light irradiation at 20 J/cm2 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the pigmentation scores, △L* values, and △ITA* values in the irradiated areas of skin at different time points after irradiation with the other doses of blue light (p > 0.05).ConclusionBlue light at 20 J/cm2 induced a smaller change in pigmentation in melasma patients than in healthy women, but the effect of blue light at 40–80 J/cm2 was similar.
Cell‐ and development‐specific degradation controls the levels of mixed‐linkage glucan in sorghum leaves
Authors: Kim Sang‐Jin , Zemelis‐Durfee Starla , Mckinley Brian , Sokoloski Rylee , Aufdemberge William , Mullet John , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYMixed‐linkage glucan (MLG) is a component of the cell wall (CW) of grasses and is composed of glucose monomers linked by β‐1,3 and β‐1,4 bonds. MLG is believed to have several biological functions, such as the mobilizable storage of carbohydrates and structural support of the CW. The extracellular levels of MLG are largely controlled by rates of synthesis mediated by cellulose synthase‐like (CSL) enzymes, and turnover by lichenases. Economically important crops like sorghum accumulate MLG to variable levels during development. While in sorghum, like other grasses, there is one major MLG synthase (CSLF6), the identity of lichenases is yet unknown. To fill this gap, we identified three sorghum lichenases (SbLCH1‐3) and characterized them in leaves in relation to the expression of SbCSLF6, and the abundance of MLG and starch. We established that SbLCH1‐3 are secreted to the apoplast, consistent with a role of degrading MLG extracellularly. Furthermore, while SbCSLF6 expression was associated with cell development, the SbLCH genes exhibited distinct development‐, cell‐type‐specific and diel‐regulated expression. Therefore, our study identifies three functional sorghum MLG lichenases and highlights that MLG accumulation in sorghum leaves is likely controlled by the activity of lichenases that tune MLG levels, possibly to suit distinct cell and developmental needs in planta. These findings have important implications for improving the growth, yield, and composition of sorghum as a feedstock.
Olfaction evaluation in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome
Authors: Abrams Kenneth L. , Ward Daniel A. , Sabiniewicz Agnieszka , Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate olfaction in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) compared with sighted dogs and blind dogs without SARDS as control groups.Animals StudiedForty client‐owned dogs.ProcedureOlfactory threshold testing was performed on three groups: SARDS, sighted, and blind/non‐SARDS using eugenol as the test odorant. The olfactory threshold was determined when subjects indicated the detection of a specific eugenol concentration with behavioral responses. Olfactory threshold, age, body weight, and environmental room factors were evaluated.ResultsSixteen dogs with SARDS, 12 sighted dogs, and 12 blind/non‐SARDS dogs demonstrated mean olfactory threshold pen numbers of 2.8 (SD = 1.4), 13.8 (SD = 1.4), and 13.4 (SD = 1.1), respectively, which correspond to actual mean concentrations of 0.017 g/mL, 1.7 × 10−13 g/mL and 4.26 × 10−13 g/mL, respectively. Dogs with SARDS had significantly poorer olfactory threshold scores compared with the two control groups (p < .001), with no difference between the control groups (p = .5). Age, weight, and room environment did not differ between the three groups.ConclusionsDogs with SARDS have severely decreased olfaction capabilities compared with sighted dogs and blind/non‐SARDS dogs. This finding supports the suspicion that SARDS is a systemic disease causing blindness, endocrinopathy, and hyposmia. Since the molecular pathways are similar in photoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and steroidogenesis with all using G‐protein coupled receptors in the cell membrane, the cause of SARDS may exist at the G‐protein associated interactions with intracellular cyclic nucleotides. Further investigations into G‐protein coupled receptors pathway and canine olfactory receptor genes in SARDS patients may be valuable in revealing the cause of SARDS.
Effects of propofol alone or in combination with ketamine on intraocular pressure in unpremedicated dogs
Authors: Şenocak Mümin Gökhan , Yanmaz Latif Emrah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of propofol (P) alone and in combination with ketamine (KP) at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 on intraocular pressure (IOP) in unpremedicated dogs.Animals StudiedA total of 28 cross‐bred healthy dogs.ProceduresDogs were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7 per group) to receive intravenous P or KP at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios, respectively. The infusion was administered at 0.6 mg/kg/min for 60 min. IOP, cardiorespiratory variables, rectal temperature (RT), and pedal reflex were recorded every 5 min for 60 min, starting from baseline (BL).ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in IOP in all groups: P (p = .011), KP 1:1 (p = .003), KP 1:2 (p = .023), and KP 1:3 (p = .008). The IOP increase was less pronounced in the KP 1:2 group and was only significant (p = .023) at T45 compared with BL. A significant correlation was observed between IOP and SpO2 in P (r = −.215, p = .02), KP 1:2 (r = −.579, p < .01), and KP 1:3 (r = −.402, p < .01) groups. IOP significantly increased due to decreased SpO2 below 86.5% (p < .05).ConclusionsPropofol alone and in combination with ketamine may increase preexisting IOP in unpremedicated dogs. SpO2 levels below 86.5% may trigger an increase in IOP. Administering KP in a 1:2 ratio at an infusion rate of 0.6 mg/kg/min does not significantly alter IOP for under 45 min in unpremedicated dogs with sufficient oxygenation.