bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Syphilis in Pregnant Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) From South Africa Using a Molecular-Based Assay
Authors: Mabaso Nonkululeko , Ngobese Bongekile , Hassan Wail M , Abbai Nathlee 
Published: March 2023

Background Syphilis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low-resource settings including sub-Saharan Africa. There are limited data on the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women living with HIV in South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of syphilis infection in pregnant women living with HIV by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 385 pregnant women living with HIV recruited from the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa between October 2020 and April 2021. Treponema pallidum was detected using the Applied BiosystemsTM TaqMan® Assays from stored DNA samples extracted from vaginal swabs. Results The prevalence of syphilis was 5.2% (20/385). The overall median (Q1–Q3) age of the women was 30.0 years (25.0–36.0). Of the women who tested positive for syphilis, 60.0% had reported STI symptoms ( p = 0.030) and of those, 65.0% did not perceive themselves at risk of contracting STIs ( p = 0.019). Women who reported having STI symptoms were more likely to test positive for syphilis when compared to women who reported not having any STI symptoms (OR: 2.810; 95% CI 1.119–7.052; p = 0.028). Women who perceived themselves as being at risk of contracting STIs were less likely to test positive for syphilis when compared to women who did not perceive themselves at risk of contracting STIs (OR: 0.328; 95% CI 0.128–0.842; p = 0.020). Conclusion The study has indicated syphilis is prevalent among pregnant women living with HIV in Durban, South Africa however STI risk perception is low. Educational programs on STIs are essential among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Durban.
Association of Fusion of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Pes Planus Deformity Correction
Authors: Chapman James , Higginson Kieren , Singh Anjani , Sirikonda Siva , Molloy Andrew P. , Mason Lyndon 
Published: March 2023

Background There has been scant investigation on the relationship between the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch and pes planus deformity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reduction and stabilization of the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch through fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) can subsequently improve pes planus deformity parameters. This could be useful in both further understanding the role of the distal medial longitudinal arch in patients with pes planus and planning operative intervention in patients with multifactorial medial longitudinal arch problems. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken between January 2011 and October 2021, including patients undergoing first MTPJ fusion with a pes planus deformity on weightbearing preoperative radiographs. These were compared to postoperative images, and multiple pes planus measurements were taken for comparison. Results: A total of 511 operations were identified for further analysis, with 48 feet meeting the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant reduction identified between the pre- and postoperative measurements of Meary angle (3.75 degrees, 95% CI 2.9-6.47 degrees) and talonavicular coverage angle (1.48 degrees, 95% CI 1.09-3.44 degrees). There was a statistically significant increase between the pre- and postoperative measurements of calcaneal pitch angle (2.32 degrees, 95% CI 0.24-4.41 degrees) and medial cuneiform height (1.25 mm, 95% CI 0.6-1.92 mm). Reduced intermetatarsal angle was significantly associated with an increase in first MTPJ angle postfusion. Many of the measurements made were found “almost perfectly” reproducible by the Landis and Koch description. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that fusion of the first MTPJ is associated with improvement of medial longitudinal arch parameters of a pes planus deformity but not to levels considered to be clinically normal. Therefore, the distal aspect of the medial longitudinal arch could, to some degree, be a feature in the pes planus deformity etiology. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case control study.
Miss. Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of ADHD in Adult Women
Authors: Attoe Darby E. , Climie Emma A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The aim of this review was to explore the impact of living with undiagnosed ADHD and adult diagnosis on women. Method: A systematic literature search was completed using three databases. Eight articles were considered relevant based on strict inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the results of the articles. Results: Four key themes emerged: Impacts on social-emotional wellbeing, Difficult relationships, Lack of control, and Self-acceptance after diagnosis. Conclusion: This knowledge can be used to advance the understanding of ADHD in adult women and the implications for late diagnosis in women.
Tissue Shrinkage of Resected Specimens in Hirschsprung’s Disease: Why Pediatric Surgeons Think the Bowel Specimen was Longer Than Indicated in the Pathology Report
Authors: Gretser Steffen , Weber Katharina J. , Braun Yannick , Harter Patrick N. , Rolle Udo , McNally Janet , Gradhand Elise 
Published: March 2023

Background: Hirschsprung disease (HD) is an aganglionosis of variable length starting at the rectosigmoid colon with surgery as sole therapeutic option. The length of the resected bowel segment is a crucial information for the treating surgeons and influences the prognosis of the patient. It is often artificially altered due to post operative tissue shrinkage. The objective of this study is to quantify the extent tissue shrinkage of HD specimens. Material and Methods: Colorectal HD specimens were measured at the time of surgery and at the time of cut-up, either fresh or after formalin fixation and statistically analyzed. Results: Sixteen colorectal specimens were included. Following formalin fixation the specimen length decreased by 22.7% ( P < .001). Without formalin fixation the specimens shrank by an average of 24.9% ( P = .05). There was no significant difference in the extent of tissue shrinkage with or without formalin fixation ( P = .76). Conclusion: This study showed that there is significant tissue shrinkage in HD specimens. The 2 different cohorts revealed that tissue shrinkage is mostly caused by tissue retraction/alteration after organ removal but also to a lesser extent by fixation with formalin. Surgeons and (neuro-)pathologists should be aware of the sizeable shrinking artifact to avoid unnecessary confusion.
Strangled by His Nerves—Cervical Plexiform Neurofibroma With Infantile Spinal Neurofibromatosis: Case Report in a 14 Years Old Child
Authors: Tahiri Ilias , Bourial Abderrahim , Lahlou Wahib , Rghioui Mounir , Hajjij Amal , Bouzidi Abderrahmane Al , Zalagh Mohamed , Azhari Abdessamad El , Benariba Fouad 
Published: March 2023

Background: Neurofibromatoses are a rare group of autosomal dominant tumor suppressor phacomatoses syndromes. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 or Von Recklinghausen’s disease) is the most commonly found type of neurofibromatosis, and constitutes the most commonly found autosomal dominant disease of the nervous system. Case presentation: We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who reported a 3-year-history of a slowly enlarging right lateral cervical mass. He has a medical history of a progressive limping gait disorder with scoliotic attitude. MRI identified a dumb-bell shaped intradural right cervical process through right paravertebral gutter on C2 to C4, a second intradural dorsal mass with the same characteristics through left paravertebral gutter on D4 and D5 and a large tissue-like mass infiltrating the lumbosacral subcutaneous soft tissues. A Surgical excision of the cervical and lumbar masses was performed with a good outcome after surgical excision. Conclusions: This case illustrates the need for a collaboration of both neurological and head and neck surgeons in terms of managing difficulties related to a cervical neurofibroma. Benign plexiform neurofibromas are rapidly growing tumors, particularly in children and adolescents, which makes all the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment. Repeated interventions are usually needed in order to adapt and stabilize the tumors extension.
Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people
Authors: López Beatriz , Gregory Nicola Jean , Freeth Megan 
Published: March 2023

Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed (‘Live’ condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the ‘Live’ condition. However, significant group differences were found in the ‘Video’ condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms. Lay Abstract Early research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments.
Turbulent flow development within the discharge cavity of a screw compressor
Authors: Nouri Jamshid M , Guerrato Diego , Stosic Nikola , Yan Youyou 
Published: March 2023

Spatial flow field velocities within the discharge cavity of an optical screw compressor have been measured using LDV and PIV techniques. Angle-resolved velocities were obtained over a time window of 1° at a speed of 1000 rpm, pressure ratio of 1 and temperature of 55°C. Comparison between the LDV and PIV results showed very good agreement and provided a good level of confidence in the presented data. Overall, the flow field results revealed the presence of a complex, turbulent, 3D and vortical flow structure within the discharge cavity. LDV measurements at the exit of the discharge port showed that the inflow into the cavity has two distinct flow features that includes undulated velocity profiles with high gradient during the opening of the port, and uniform jet-like flows during the rest of the time. The energy necessary to create that jet-like flow was from the built-in pressure in the rotors. Turbulence fluctuations were high and followed the mean flow variations with values up to 35% of the mean values during the undulating flow. PIV spatial mean flow measurements showed a uniform axial flow close to bottom of cavity that has been transformed to a stable solid body vortex at the top of the cavity. These measurements within the discharge cavity are made for the first time and they are unique and in great detail that can be used for validation of CFD codes and optimisation of compressors to improve their efficiency for different system applications. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text]
Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of a Saccular Visceral Aortic Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gibello Lorenzo , Varetto Gianfranco , Pasta Vittorio , Ripepi Matteo , Discalzi Andrea , Verzini Fabio 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: We present the results of unconventional endovascular treatment of a voluminous (65 mm) saccular visceral aortic aneurysm in a 78-year-old woman. Patient was deemed unfit for open surgery due to comorbidities. Fenestrated or branched endografting was also excluded due to the small diameter of the aorta, the severe stenosis at the origin of celiac trunk, and the anomalous origin of superior mesenteric artery arising infrarenally. Case Report: After a preliminary selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery showing valid anastomotic network with celiac trunk branches, an aortic self-expandable bare stent (Jotec E-XL) was deployed in the visceral aorta. Aneurysm sac embolization (Penumbra detachable Ruby Coils) in a coil-jailing technique was performed. Finally, an aortic cuff endograft (Gore) was deployed immediately above the origin of the left renal artery to cover the wide neck of the saccular aneurysm and improve sac exclusion. Hospital stay was uneventful, computed tomography (CT) at 12-month demonstrated aneurysm shrinkage to 62 mm without images of endoleak. Literature review showed how this technique has successfully been applied to manage similar cases of postsurgical and posttraumatic saccular aortic aneurysms in high-risk patients; however, long-term results are still unknown. Conclusion: Coil-jail technique for the treatment of saccular aortic aneurysms can be considered an alternative when open surgery or conventional endovascular treatment is not feasible. Technical success and mid-term outcomes are promising but strict follow-up is recommended. Clinical Impact This study aims to share the unconventional endovascular treatment of a visceral aortic aneurysm in a patient unfit both for open and traditional endovascular surgery. To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first cases published in Literature, for this reason, a step-by-step video has been created to describe the procedure. Literature review was then performed to analyze midterm results of this technique. Despite being a treatment that is not recommended for conventional cases, the knowledge of endovascular devices and techniques may help to manage or simplify complex aortic diseases.
Percutaneous Superficial Temporal Artery Access Facilitating Carotid Artery Stenting Performed From Distal Radial Artery
Authors: Hausinger Peter , Markos-Gergely Gellerd , Nemeth Tamas , Barzo Pal 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe carotid artery stenting (CAS) via distal transradial access (dTRA) facilitated by additional superficial temporal artery (STA) access, in a patient with complex aortic arch vessel anatomy. Technique: A 72-year-old woman with a prior history of complex cervical surgery and radiotherapy due to laryngeal malignancy, presented with a symptomatic 90% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Due to high cervical lesion, the patient was rejected from carotid endarterectomy. Angiography demonstrated 90% stenosis of the left ICA and a type III aortic arch. After failure of left common carotid artery (CCA) cannulation with appropriate catheter support via dTRA and transfemoral approaches, CAS was attempted a second time. After percutaneous ultrasound guided access to right dTRA and left STA, a 0.035 inch guidewire introduced to the left CCA from the contralateral dTRA was snared and externalized via left STA to improve wire support for guiding advancement. Thereafter, the left ICA lesion was successfully stented with a 7×30 mm self-expanding stent via right dTRA. All vessels involved were patent at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The STA may be a promising adjunctive access site to increase transradial catheter support for CAS or neurointerventional procedures in the anterior circulation. Clinical Impact: Transradial cerebrovascular interventions have been gaining popularity, however, unstable catheter access to distal cerebrovascular structures limits its widespread use. Guidewire externalization technique via additional STA access may improve transradial catheter stabilty and increase procedural success with possibly low access stie complication rate.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image Fusion with Cross Sectional Images for Percutaneous Renal Tumor Ablation: Preliminary Data
Authors: Ierardi Anna Maria , Carnevale Aldo , Stellato Elvira , De Lorenzis Elisa , Uccelli Licia , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Giganti Melchiore , Montanari Emanuele , Carrafiello Gianpaolo 
Published: March 2023

Purpose Percutaneous ablative treatments in the kidney are now standard options for local cancer therapy. Multimodality image guidance, combining two 3D image sets, may improve procedural images and interventional strategies. We aimed to assess the value of intra-procedural cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with magnetic resonance (MR) or CT imaging fusion technique in the guidance of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of renal neoplasms. Materials and methods Fifteen patients (eight males, seven females, median age 65 years, median lesion size 20 mm) underwent percutaneous MWA for 15 renal tumors. All the procedures were performed in a dedicated angiography room setting; CBCT ablation planning capabilities included multimodality image fusion. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT was available in 12 patients, whereas magnetic resonance imaging in the remaining. All patients were considered inoperable due to comorbidities, advanced age, and/or refusal to undergo surgery. Exclusion criteria were: tumors visible at unenhanced CBCT, metastatic disease, and uncorrected coagulopathy. Technical success and technical effectiveness were calculated. Procedural time, complications and recurrences were registered. Results MWA under CBCT-guidance with fusion technique was technically successful in 14 out of 15 cases (93%). The median procedural time was 45 min. No procedure-related complications were reported. No enhancing tissue was visualized in the area of ablation at 1-month follow-up. All 15 cases were recurrence-free at last follow-up assessment (median follow-up of 12 months); no cancer-specific deaths were registered. Conclusion CBCT-CT/MR image fusion is technically feasible and safe in achieving correct targeting and complete ablation of renal lesions. This approach bears the potential to overcome most of the limitations of unenhanced CBCT guidance alone; larger series are needed to validate this technique.
Health Achieved Through Lifestyle Transformation (HALT): A Kaiser Permanente Diet and Lifestyle Intervention Program for Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ergas Isaac J. , Mauch Lisa R. , Rahbar Joshua A. , Kitazono Rachel , Kushi Lawrence H. , Misquitta Rajiv 
Published: March 2023

A whole-food plant-based (WFPB) diet in combination with healthful lifestyle modifications has been shown to be an effective approach to managing and reversing the progression of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Health Achieved Through Lifestyle Transformation Program (HALT) is a 20-week real-world healthful diet and lifestyle intervention program implemented at Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center (KPSSC), whose goal is to treat, and where possible, reverse CAD and T2DM. Here, our objective is to describe HALT, including enrollment, the intervention, adherence, and data collection activities during a 2-year period from October 15th, 2016, through October 9th, 2018. There were 204 KPSSC members enrolled, of which, 19 (9.3%) had CAD only, 166 (81.4%) had T2DM only, and 19 (9.3%) had both CAD and T2DM. Among the enrolled, 196 (96.1%) completed self-administered questionnaires, and 88.2 to 97.5% completed blood tests, depending on the test. The enrolled were predominantly female (63.2%), ≥50 years old at program entry (83.3%), and white (32.8%) or black (25.5%). HALT has the potential to become a valuable resource for examining the impact of dietary and lifestyle modifications on patients diagnosed with CAD and/or T2DM.
An Analysis of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus ® Program: A Case Report
Authors: Biber Duke D. , Knoll Chrissy 
Published: March 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus® program on university student biometrics and muscular endurance. It was hypothesized that participants in the 12-week program would experience significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and muscular endurance. Methods: To be eligible for the program, participants must have met two of the three criteria: (1) blood pressure over 140 and/or 90 (3 consecutive measurements over 2 weeks), (2) BMI over 30, and/or (3) diagnosed chronic condition or currently taking medication for chronic condition. Participants engaged in six bi-weekly exercise instructional meetings that lasted approximately 30 minutes in length. Participants completed measures of resting heart rate, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition percentage via bioelectrical impedance, and muscular endurance before and after the program. Results: Although not statistically significant, there was a decrease in BMI, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist circumference from pre- to post-program. Two-tailed t-tests revealed significant improvements in squats ( P = .04), pushups ( P = .05), and curl-ups ( P = .03) from pre- to post-program. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of current research and future university campus application.