bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-supervised machine learning pushes the sensitivity limit in label-free detection of single proteins below 10 kDa
Authors: Dahmardeh Mahyar , Mirzaalian Dastjerdi Houman , Mazal Hisham , Köstler Harald , Sandoghdar Vahid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is a label-free optical method capable of detecting single proteins, localizing their binding positions with nanometer precision, and measuring their mass. In the ideal case, iSCAT is limited by shot noise such that collection of more photons should extend its detection sensitivity to biomolecules of arbitrarily low mass. However, a number of technical noise sources combined with speckle-like background fluctuations have restricted the detection limit in iSCAT. Here, we show that an unsupervised machine learning isolation forest algorithm for anomaly detection pushes the mass sensitivity limit by a factor of 4 to below 10 kDa. We implement this scheme both with a user-defined feature matrix and a self-supervised FastDVDNet and validate our results with correlative fluorescence images recorded in total internal reflection mode. Our work opens the door to optical investigations of small traces of biomolecules and disease markers such as α-synuclein, chemokines and cytokines.
AttentionMNIST: a mouse-click attention tracking dataset for handwritten numeral and alphabet recognition
Authors: Baruah Murchana , Banerjee Bonny , Nagar Atulya K. , Marois René 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple attention-based models that recognize objects via a sequence of glimpses have reported results on handwritten numeral recognition. However, no attention-tracking data for handwritten numeral or alphabet recognition is available. Availability of such data would allow attention-based models to be evaluated in comparison to human performance. We collect mouse-click attention tracking data from 382 participants trying to recognize handwritten numerals and alphabets (upper and lowercase) from images via sequential sampling. Images from benchmark datasets are presented as stimuli. The collected dataset, called AttentionMNIST, consists of a sequence of sample (mouse click) locations, predicted class label(s) at each sampling, and the duration of each sampling. On average, our participants observe only 12.8% of an image for recognition. We propose a baseline model to predict the location and the class(es) a participant will select at the next sampling. When exposed to the same stimuli and experimental conditions as our participants, a highly-cited attention-based reinforcement model falls short of human efficiency.
Frailty and pain in an acute private hospital: an observational point prevalence study
Authors: Saunders Rosemary , Crookes Kate , Seaman Karla , Ang Seng Giap Marcus , Bulsara Caroline , Bulsara Max K. , Ewens Beverley , Gallagher Olivia , Graham Renée , Gullick Karen , Haydon Sue , Hughes Jeff , Nguyen Kim-Huong , O’Connell Bev , Scaini Debra , Etherton-Beer Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrailty and pain in hospitalised patients are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, there is limited data on the associations between frailty and pain in this group of patients. Understanding the prevalence, distribution and interaction of frailty and pain in hospitals will help to determine the magnitude of this association and assist health care professionals to target interventions and develop resources to improve patient outcomes. This study reports the point prevalence concurrence of frailty and pain in adult patients in an acute hospital. A point prevalence, observational study of frailty and pain was conducted. All adult inpatients (excluding high dependency units) at an acute, private, 860-bed metropolitan hospital were eligible to participate. Frailty was assessed using the self-report modified Reported Edmonton Frail Scale. Current pain and worst pain in the last 24 h were self-reported using the standard 0–10 numeric rating scale. Pain scores were categorised by severity (none, mild, moderate, severe). Demographic and clinical information including admitting services (medical, mental health, rehabilitation, surgical) were collected. The STROBE checklist was followed. Data were collected from 251 participants (54.9% of eligible). The prevalence of frailty was 26.7%, prevalence of current pain was 68.1% and prevalence of pain in the last 24 h was 81.3%. After adjusting for age, sex, admitting service and pain severity, admitting services medical (AOR: 13.5 95% CI 5.7–32.8), mental health (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI 1. 9–20.9) and rehabilitation (AOR: 8.1, 95% CI 2.4–37.1) and moderate pain (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI 1. 6–9.8) were associated with increased frailty. The number of older patients identified in this study who were frail has implications for managing this group in a hospital setting. This indicates a need to focus on developing strategies including frailty assessment on admission, and the development of interventions to meet the care needs of these patients. The findings also highlight the need for increased pain assessment, particularly in those who are frail, for more effective pain management.Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered (ACTRN12620000904976; 14th September 2020).
E-liquid alters oral epithelial cell function to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in preclinical oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Lima Jefferson Muniz , Macedo Carolina Carneiro Soares , Barbosa Gabriela Vasconcelos , Castellano Lúcio Roberto Cançado , Hier Michael P. , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay A. , da Silva Sabrina Daniela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe gaining popularity of tobacco and nicotine delivery products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) being perceived as relatively safe is of a medical concern. The long-term safety of these new products remains uncertain for oral health. In this study, in vitro effects of e-liquid were assessed in a panel of normal oral epithelium cell lines (NOE and HMK), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) human cell lines (CAL27 and HSC3), and a mouse oral cancer cell line (AT84) using cell proliferation, survival/cell death, and cell invasion assays. In addition, signaling pathways underlying the pro-invasive activity of e-cigarettes were evaluated by gene and protein expression analysis. We demonstrated that e-liquid promotes proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of OSCC and induces morphological changes associated with enhanced motility and invasive phenotypes. Furthermore, e-liquid-exposed cells express significantly reduced cell viability, regardless of e-cigarette flavour content. At the gene expression level, e-liquid induces changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) revealed by reduced expression of cell epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and enhanced expression of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and B-catenin seen both in OSCC cell lines and normal oral epithelium cells. In summary, the ability of e-liquid to induce proliferative and invasive properties along the activation of the EMT process can contribute to the development of tumorigenesis in normal epithelial cells and promote aggressive phenotype in pre-existing oral malignant cells.
Magnetic solid phase extraction of Sunitinib malate in urine samples assisted with mixed hemimicelle and spectrophotometric detection
Authors: Pourbasheer Eslam , Malekpour Leila , Azari Zhila , Masand Vijay H. , Ganjali Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mixed hemimicelle-based solid phase extraction method using the coated sodium dodecyl sulfate by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as adsorbent was developed for extraction and determination of Sunitinib malate in real samples prior to determination by UV–Visible spectrophotometry. For the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy was used. The influences of different factors affecting the extraction efficiency of Sunitinib malate, including the pH, the adsorbent amount, the volume and eluent type, the amount of the surfactant, the ionic strength, extraction, and desorption time, were investigated. At the optimized conditions, a good linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.998 and 0.999 was obtained over the concentration ranges of 1–22 and 1–19 µg/mL for water and urine samples, in order. The good recoveries of 97% and 99% and also, the limits of detection equal with 0.9, and 0.8 µg/mL for water and urine samples were enhanced, respectively. These results demonstrate that mixed hemimicelle solid phase extraction is a fast, efficient, economical and selective sample preparation method for the extraction and determination of Sunitinib malate in different water and urine sample solutions.
Applying machine learning methods to enable automatic customisation of knee replacement implants from CT data
Authors: Burge Thomas A. , Jeffers Jonathan R. T. , Myant Connor W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an automated pipeline capable of designing custom total knee replacement implants from CT scans. The developed pipeline firstly utilised a series of machine learning methods including classification, object detection, and image segmentation models, to extract geometrical information from inputted DICOM files. Statistical shape models then used the information to create femur and tibia 3D surface model predictions which were ultimately used by computer aided design scripts to generate customised implant designs. The developed pipeline was trained and tested using CT scan images, along with segmented 3D models, obtained for 98 Korean Asian subjects. The performance of the pipeline was tested computationally by virtually fitting outputted implant designs with ‘ground truth’ 3D models for each test subject’s bones. This demonstrated the pipeline was capable of repeatably producing highly accurate designs, and its performance was not impacted by subject sex, height, age, or knee side. In conclusion, a robust, accurate and automatic, CT-based total knee replacement customisation pipeline was shown to be feasible and could afford significant time and cost advantages over conventional methods. The pipeline framework could also be adapted to enable customisation of other medical implants.
Evaluating elimination thresholds and stopping criteria for interventions against the vector-borne macroparasitic disease, lymphatic filariasis, using mathematical modelling
Authors: Sharma Swarnali , Smith Morgan E. , Bilal Shakir , Michael Edwin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe leveraged the ability of EPIFIL transmission models fit to field data to evaluate the use of the WHO Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) for supporting Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) intervention stopping decisions. Our results indicate that understanding the underlying parasite extinction dynamics, particularly the protracted transient dynamics involved in shifts to the extinct state, is crucial for understanding the impacts of using TAS for determining the achievement of LF elimination. These findings warn that employing stopping criteria set for operational purposes, as employed in the TAS strategy, without a full consideration of the dynamics of extinction could seriously undermine the goal of achieving global LF elimination.
Particelle nanostrutturate di idrossiapatite biomimetica come sistema di delivery di micro e macro elementi nelle colture biologiche
Authors: Marengo Enrico , Roveri Norberto , Marengo Dario 
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticelle biomimetiche di idrossiapatite drogate con ioni metallici (Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, K) sono state utilizzate in formulazioni contenenti basse concentrazioni di rame (Cu) e zolfo (S) per controllare la peronospora (plasmopara viticola) e l'oidio (erysiphe necator) della vite. I formulati sono stati testati in campo sulla varietà di vino "Dolcetto" coltivata secondo tecniche di agricoltura biologica, e la loro efficacia è stata confrontata con prodotti commerciali contenenti miscela bordolese e zolfo.
I dati indicano che le formulazioni contenenti bassi dosaggi di rame e zolfo possono essere trasportati in modo efficiente dalle nanoparticelle di idrossiapatite biomimetica e possono ridurre la presenza di micota sulle foglie della vite. Nessun residuo di rame e zolfo è stato rilevato in campioni di vino ottenuti da viti in cui è stata utilizzata l'idrossiapatite biomimetica. Il drogaggio di nanoparticelle di idrossiapatite biomimetica con metalli di transizione è un modo efficiente per fornire micro e macro-elementi alle piante a basso livello di dosaggio. Le formulazioni contenenti idrossiapatite funzionano anche come supporti a lento rilascio di macronutrienti come elementi di calcio e fosforo.
Wine, sustainability, and the dynamism of changing lifestyles
Authors: Fiorilo Monica , Tempesta Gianfranco , Barison Diego , Boselli Maurizio , Venturi Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Economic globalization characterizes the 21st century. A digital world has replaced the analog world. “Time is money, and thinking is money.” Thinking and time are patentable. Branding is a metaphor for a lifestyle change.
The “Big Brother” described by Orwell in his novel “1984” is relevant today. We have moved from a world of thoughtful synthesis to one of analysis mediated by “likes,” “thumbs-up,” and “opinion leaders.”
Wine, a social marker and cultural base, is being diluted in an interconnected world where it is easy to lose identity, principles, and economic worth (Pareto’s ofelimity). The perception of the value of the wine is changing from a cultural symbol to mercantilism.
The pandemic lockdown has shown many fragilities of the wine system, fueling e-commerce and digital search, creating an immediatist, identity-less, and easy-to-disinform society.
In general, people talk about “Eco-friendly,” “sustainability,” “climate change,” “resilience,” and more very lightly and without awareness, limiting themselves to hashtags for viral dissemination, influencers, and the transmission of incomplete, easy sensationalism or false documents (fake news).
It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products and built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on years of statistical and empirically significant observation It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products, built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on statistical and empirically significant observation.
By leaving its specific place centered on typicity, wine can become a commodity product, sharing the same destiny as agricultural raw materials.
Enabling a sustainable rural-tourism: The challenge of accessibility
Authors: Benedetto Graziella 
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the concept of sustainable tourism in rural areas and the relationship with the social dimension. In particular we address the issue of people with disabilities, above all physical, starting from the statement that the number of people with disabilities willing to practice tourism it’s always increasing over the years and will continue to increase due to the aging population.
The work focuses on the one hand on the exploratory analysis of this category of consumers/tourists through the analysis of the literature aimed at identifying relevant research themes highlighted which is still virgin and not very attentive. Furthermore, the study aims to verify, again with on-desk investigation, what is the state of the art of the services offered in the rural area (parks, naturalistic sites, farms (specifically wineries); what services are available and how the information is communicated to the final consumer. The work highlights a still strong lack of: services offered; adequate promotion and communication policy, which allows this category of consumers to access even just simple information. Then from this exploratory analysis arises the fundamental need for a more careful research and proposal of adequate regulations, services and marketing actions suitable to overcome the barriers of structural and information accessibility, as well as the need to expand a calibrated offer of recreational and sports services, still lacking today.
Endo-Praxis
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,Nach 3 Jahren Pandemie kehrt langsam wieder eine gewisse Normalität in die Kliniken,
Endoskopieabteilungen
und Facharztpraxen ein. Mit den Nachwehen haben wir immer
noch zu kämpfen. Der Personalmangel und Ausfälle durch immer wiederkehrende Infektionen
führen auch weiter zu Einschränkungen und Belastungen.
Repair of a Late Presentation Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm following Coarctation Repair
Authors: Moon Robert J. , Spadaccio Cristiano , Duncan Andrew J. , Bittar Mohamad N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report the case of a 44-year-old gentleman who underwent coarctation repair at the age of 7 years. He was lost to follow-up and represented. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a 9.8-cm diameter aortic aneurysm involving the distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Open surgery was performed to repair the aneurysm. The patient made an unremarkable recovery. He was followed up 12 weeks later, and significant improvement in preoperative symptoms was observed. This case demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up.
Public Finance, Fiscal Rules and Public–Private Partnerships: Lessons for Post-COVID-19 Investment Plans
Authors: Cepparulo Alessandra , Eusepi Giuseppe , Giuriato Luisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe explore the distribution of public–private partnerships (PPPs) among the European Union countries, with a special focus on fiscal rules and budgetary constraints while controlling for empirically identified drivers. While offering the opportunity to increase innovation and efficiency in the public sector infrastructure, PPPs allow governments to relax their budget and borrowing constraints. We find that the state of public finances influences the government’s choice of PPPs and makes them more appealing for reasons other than efficiency. Stringent numerical rules on the budget balance also foster government’s opportunism in the choice of PPPs. On the other hand, high levels of public debt increase the country risk, and discourage private investors from PPP contracts. The results highlight the importance of restoring PPP investment choices based on efficiency criteria and adapt fiscal rules to shield public investment while stabilizing private expectations by means of credible trajectories of debt reduction. The findings contribute to the debate on the role of fiscal rules in fiscal policy and of PPPs in infrastructure financing.
Beyond the Planck temperature
Authors: Maleki Mahnaz , Mohammadzadeh Hosein , Najafi Morteza Nattagh , Ebadi Zahra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Planck scale physics is still unknown and the full quantum theory of gravity might reveal the mysteries of the Universe beyond the Planck scale. We consider that the maximum available temperature of a system could be higher than the Planck temperature or not. We obtain the maximum available temperature of a system with particles that obey deformed boson statistics. We evaluate the density number of particles and use the hoop conjecture to evaluate the density number of two-particles which form a blackhole as a function of temperature and deformation parameter; q. One can argue that at a certain critical value of temperature, the density number of blackholes will be dominant and this critical temperature is the maximum available temperature for the system. We show that the temperature beyond the Planck temperature is available for more deformed boson statistics while for the ordinary bosons, the maximum available temperature is

T

max

≈
0.3

T

Pl

. In fact, we take a look at the beyond Planck temperature in the early universe and deduce that the deformed statistics is consistent with the very high temperature at the early universe.
Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase diagram and baryon-number fluctuations within Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model*
Authors: Zhao Ya-Peng , Wang Chao-Yong , Zuo Shu-Yu , Li Cheng-Ming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a version of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model based on nonextensive statistical mechanics is presented. This new statistics summarizes all possible factors that violate the assumptions of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics to a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter q. Thus, when q tends to 1, it returns to the BG case. Within the nonextensive PNJL model, we found that as q increases, the location of the critical end point (CEP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior. That is, for

, CEP moves in the direction of lower temperature and larger quark chemical potential. However, for

, CEP turns to move in the direction of lower temperature and lower quark chemical potential. In addition, we studied the moments of the net-baryon number distribution, that is, variance (

), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ). Our results are generally consistent with the latest experimental data reported, especially for

, when q is set to

.
Evaluation of flavonoid compound in coconut waste and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Wahab M , Rushdan Zaim I N , Ismail H F , Othman N , Hara H , Md Akhir F N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The coconut tree, Cocos nucifera L., is planted for a variety of purposes. According to the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), rising coconut production has resulted in an increase in agricultural waste (coconut husk) in Malaysia (536,606 million coconuts in 2018 compared to 22,167 million coconuts in 2016). More than 60% of solid waste degradation in the environment is caused by the manufacture of coconut husks each year. Recycling coconut waste, particularly coconut husk, as a source of natural compounds offers environmental and economic benefits. The objectives of this study are to extract the flavonoid compounds from coconut husk from three different types of coconut fruit (Pandan Coconut, MAWA Coconut and Yellow Coconut) by using ethanolic solvent and compare them. Secondly, the antioxidant activity of coconut husk was determined by using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Thirdly, the alkaline reagent test was used to determine the presence of flavonoid compounds. The flavonoid compounds are existed in the coconut husk ethanolic extract and it have the antioxidant activity. IC50 of the standard compounds, ascorbic acid was 9.2 μg/ml. The most powerful radical scavenging effect was seen in Yellow Coconut husk extract, which had an IC50 value of 8.4 μg/ml. Flavonoids found in the husk of coconuts are known to have antioxidant properties. This shows that coconut husk extract has enormous potential as a natural preservative and a good bioresource of antioxidants.