bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Distress and Problems Among Young and Middle‐Aged Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment in China
Authors: Wang Shuman , Xu Wenjie , Sun Aoxing , Zhang Zeling , Zhang Yanhong , Zhu Yu , Wan Hongwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveInfluenced by their life stage and socio‐cultural background, young and middle‐aged cancer patients in China may experience unique psychological distress. Therefore, this study investigated the severity, problems, and associated factors of psychological distress among young and middle‐aged cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on young and middle‐aged cancer patients aged 18–59 who were treated at a radiotherapy center from February 2022 to September 2023. Participants' psychological distress severity and problems were measured using the Distress Thermometer and the Problem List. Binary logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors, as well as PL items, associated with clinically significant psychological distress in young and middle‐aged cancer patients.ResultsAmong the 510 participants, 102 (20.0%) had DT scores ≥ 4, reported an average of 3.36 ± 3.78 problems, and 360 (70.6%) reported at least one problem. The five most frequently reported problems were worry, no time and energy to take care of children/elderly people, memory loss/lack of concentration, appearance/shape, and work/school. Annual household income, self‐reported loneliness, nervousness, loss of interest in daily activities, eating, and nausea were associated with DT scores ≥ 4.ConclusionsOne‐fifth of young and middle‐aged cancer patients experienced clinically significant psychological distress. Greater attention should be paid to patients with lower household incomes and those who self‐report loneliness, nervousness, loss of interest in daily activities, eating, and nausea, providing targeted support to alleviate psychological distress.
Styles of Delivering News About a Child's Cancer and Parents' PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Farchi Moshe U. , Gidron Yori 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundReceiving a child's cancer diagnosis is a highly traumatic experience for parents, often leading to significant psychological distress, including symptoms of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The way healthcare professionals deliver this news can affect the severity of parents' reactions. While some research examines communication style's impact on patients, few studies focus on its effects on parents.AimsThis study explores the relationship between the communication style used by oncologists when delivering a child's cancer diagnosis and the subsequent levels of PTSD symptoms, mental resilience, and self‐efficacy in parents.MethodsOne hundred twenty eight parents of children diagnosed with cancer participated. Data were collected using the Styles of Communicating Questionnaire (SCQ), PTSD Checklist for DSM‐V (PCL‐5), the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISK), and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to examine the relationship between communication style and psychological outcomes.ResultsParents who perceived the oncologist's communication style as more activating (clear, structured, and action‐oriented) reported significantly lower levels of PTSD symptoms and higher levels of resilience and self‐efficacy. The perception of empathy played a crucial role, particularly when physicians balanced emotional and cognitive empathy. This balance was linked to better psychological outcomes in parents.ConclusionsThe study highlights the critical role of communication style in mitigating the psychological impact of a child's cancer diagnosis on parents. Training healthcare providers to balance cognitive and emotional empathy in communication may reduce PTSD symptoms and enhance resilience and self‐efficacy in parents, ultimately improving their psychological well‐being during such a challenging time.
Testing the Taguchi method to design and analyze integrated disease management strategies, for the control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) on potato
Authors: Ritchie Faye , Sapelli Laura , Smith Julie A , Paveley Neil D , Lees Alison K , Bain Ruairidh A , Ritchie James M 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIdentifying robust integrated pest management (IPM) strategies requires the testing of multiple factors at the same time and assessing their combined effects e.g., on disease control. This makes field‐based experiments large, resource intensive and expensive. Hence, there are limits to the number of treatment combinations that can be practically tested under field conditions. Taguchi approach to design of experiments (DOE) or the Taguchi approach is commonly employed to enhance the quality of industrial products. It uses smaller experiments than classical DOE but its applicability to late blight research, and agricultural research, has not been widely evaluated.RESULTSTwo existing datasets, following the same protocol and investigating the effectiveness of different IPM treatments to control late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, on potato, were used to test the Taguchi approach. Disease severity was quantified as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The method could accurately predict the performance of a cultivar and fungicide‐based integrated disease management strategy from a small dataset and identified cultivar as a key factor for disease control. Linear regression demonstrated a strong and statistically significant relationship between AUDPC values collected during the original experiments and the predicted disease severity values generated using the Taguchi method.CONCLUSIONSThe Taguchi approach can accurately predict disease severity, with predicted values similar to those collected during the original experiments. Moreover, associated analyses identified the most effective treatment combinations and the factors that exert the greatest influence on disease control. The relevance of this approach when designing and interpreting IPM strategies is discussed. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring the Therapeutic Role of Flavonoids Through AMPK Activation in Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Saikia Lunasmrita , Talukdar Nayaran Chandra , Dutta Partha Pratim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities that significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Flavonoids, a diverse class of bioactive polyphenolic compounds found in plant‐derived foods and beverages, have garnered increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents for improving metabolic health. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids in the context of the MetS, with a particular focus on their modulation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. AMPK serves as a central regulator of cellular energy balance, glucose metabolism, and lipid homeostasis, making it a critical target for metabolic intervention. Through a systematic review of the literature up to April 2024, preclinical studies across various flavonoid subclasses, including flavonols, and flavan‐3‐ols, were analysed to elucidate their mechanistic roles in metabolic regulation. Many studies suggests that flavonoids enhance glycolipid metabolism by facilitating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and activating the AMPK pathway, thereby improving glycemic control in diabetes models. In obesity‐related studies, flavonoids demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipid synthesis, reduced adipogenesis, and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine secretion via AMPK activation. These findings show the broad therapeutic potential of flavonoids in addressing the MetS and its associated disorders. While these preclinical insights highlight flavonoids as promising natural agents for metabolic health improvement, it is important to note that their excessive concentrations may disrupt these pathways, potentially leading to metabolic imbalance and cytotoxicity. Further studies and clinical trials are essential to determine optimal dosing regimens, formulations, and the long‐term safety and efficacy of flavonoids. This review highlights the importance of flavonoids for natural interventions targeting MetS and its comorbidities, offering a foundation for future translational research.
Evaluation of (Shared) Autonomy in Robot‐Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a Surgical Model
Authors: Marinho Murilo M. , Koyama Yuki , Taniguchi Yuta , Yamanaka Toshiro , Arai Fumihito , Omata Seiji , Sugimoto Koichiro , Ueta Takashi , Totsuka Kiyohito , Shiraya Tomoyasu , Araki Fumiyuki , Takao Muneyuki , Mitsuishi Mamoru , Harada Kanako 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRobot‐assisted vitreoretinal surgery makes it easier for the surgeons to perform precise and dexterous manipulations required in vitreoretinal procedures.MethodsWe systematically evaluated manual surgery, conventional two‐hand teleoperation, a novel one‐hand teleoperation, and automation in a needle positioning task using a realistic surgical eye model, measuring the expert surgeon's performances and the novice's learning curves.ResultsThe proposed one‐hand teleoperation improved the positioning accuracy of expert surgeons , enabled novices to achieve a consistent accuracy more quickly , decreased the novice's workload more quickly , and made it easier for novices to learn to conduct the task quickly . Moreover, our autonomous positioning achieved an equivalent accuracy to the surgeons.ConclusionsThe benefits and potential of task autonomy were shown. Further work is needed to evaluate the proposed methods in a more complex task.
Review of Deep Space Optical Communications
Authors: Ivanov Hristo , Mejri Sinda , Di Mira Andrea , Schulz Klaus‐Juergen , Heese Clemens 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAmidst the next industrial revolution, advanced spaceborne optical communication technologies that offer terabit per second throughput enable seamless exploration, communication, and efficient information capacity allocation. The current paper aims to provide profound insight into the major developments of laser communication activities in deep space. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive review and comparison of the most prominent ESA‐supported (European Space Agency) initiatives, including the Lunar Optical Communication Link (LOCL) and the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) demonstrations, among other activities, are provided. While ESA has gained sophisticated heritage by means of manufacturing and testing a number of cutting‐edge optical communication technologies within LOCL activity, it also intends to demonstrate an augmented ground infrastructure for establishing an end‐to‐end High Photon Efficiency (HPE) optical communication link between Earth and DSOC payload of NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Psyche Spacecraft. To this end, critical and leading system designs including specific issues that are required for the realization of next‐generation systems, along with examples of high‐level architectures, are provided in the current work. Considering the enhanced technical expertise, the paper further addresses the technological prospects and envisaged deep‐space optical data‐return channels for future missions, encompassing the giant planets and beyond at distances larger than 4.2 Astronomical Units (AU), as part of the forthcoming planning cycle, Voyage 2050, of ESA's Space Science Programme. All those prominent goals are addressed and evaluated in terms of fundamental limitations that apply to the information capacity of the HPE optical communication system, which is then compared with a radio frequency (RF) Ka‐band link. The demonstrated capabilities to extend the range over 100 AU of optical communication links, while supporting capacity characterized by a high signal‐to‐noise regime, have the potential to revolutionize planetary exploration.
Spontaneous Cyclization of 2‐Methylthiosemicarbazones Yields New 1,2,4‐Triazolidine‐3‐thiones, Useful as Building Blocks for Drug Design
Authors: Gričar Simona , Počkaj Marta , Marolt Gregor , Bogojević Sanja Škaro , Novinec Marko , Kljun Jakob 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFrom the point of view of medicinal chemistry, thiosemicarbazones are interesting molecules as they exhibit various biological activities, such as antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antileukemic properties, and their synthesis is deeply investigated. However, the synthesis using 2‐methylthiosemicarbazide as a starting compound to prepare new 1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3‐thione compounds via 2‐methylthiosemicarbazone cyclization has not been reported yet. Therefore, fifteen new 1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3‐thione compounds were synthesized during a cyclization reaction using a simple green procedure with minimal use of hazardous solvents. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the techniques of NMR, IR, MS, and CHN elemental analysis. In addition, the structure of 11 of these compounds was confirmed by X‐ray structure determination. Selected compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity assay and microbiological tests for antimicrobial susceptibility and quorum sensing inhibition and tested for their inhibitory effect on the metalloenzyme NDM‐1, which causes antimicrobial resistance.
Exploring Salts, Co‐crystals, Drug Nanoparticles, and Co‐Delivery in Formulation Development of Ciprofloxacin: A Review
Authors: Islam Noor Ul , Khan Ezzat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on Biopharmaceutics Classification System, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is class IV active pharmaceutical ingredient which exhibits poor solubility and permeability in water. It showed limited solubility due to formation of strong crystal lattice, as positive charged piperazine group interacts with negatively charged carboxylate group to form chains of molecules. Due to better performance, it is used very frequently for many infections treatment. Though, it is very useful antibiotic, but it is photo‐chemically unstable and development of antimicrobial resistance also reported in literature. Due to these serious concerns, the development of CIP formulation is a challenging task for pharmaceutical industries. Currently, several strategies are used to boost pharmaceutical properties of CIP such as solubility, dissolution and antibacterial activity. In this review we have discussed the approaches through which pharmaceutical properties of CIP can be improved such as solubility, dissolution rate and antibacterial activity and so forth. Salts, Co‐crystals, salt‐Co‐crystals, metal complexes, and nanoparticles formations are some prominent strategies for altering CIP pharmaceutical properties. Preliminary, this review is design for CIP, but it can also be helpful for other antibiotics (especially fluoroquinolones class).
Ataluren, a 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole‐Containing Drug Candidate for Nonsense Mutations: Major Breakthroughs and an Up‐to‐Date Process Chemistry Review
Authors: R Manjunath , Gaonkar Santosh L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGenetic ailments such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) arise due to nonsense mutations. A nonsense mutation occurs when a point mutation changes a sense codon that codes for an amino acid to a stop codon, which leads to premature termination of mRNA translation. Because of this, a truncated protein product is produced; therefore, it is called a premature termination codon (PTC), and several diseases, such as CF, DMD, and congenital myopathy, arise due to the production of a truncated protein. The bioactive compound ataluren, formerly known as PTC124, is believed to modulate the translation machinery and enhance the synthesis of fully functioning, full‐length protein by permitting the readthrough of PTCs during mRNA translation. Ataluren, known by the brand name Tranlsarna, is currently authorized to treat nonsense mutations in DMD and other diseases in the European Union and other countries. In this work, an earnest effort has been made to bring about significant breakthroughs and elucidate its mechanisms of action, and an up‐to‐date synthetic review has been carried out.
Excited‐State Carrier Dynamics in Semiconducting Heterostructures from Self‐Sorted NIR Active Dyes
Authors: Bhavani Botta , Ahmed Md Soif , Pravallika Nagadatta , Nenavath Swathi , Raavi Sai Santosh Kumar , Soma Venugopal Rao , Giribabu Lingamallu , Prasanthkumar Seelam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeterostructures comprise two or more different semiconducting materials stacked either as co‐assemblies or self‐sorted based on their dynamics of aggregates. However, self‐sorting in heterostructures is rather significant in improving the short exciton diffusion length and charge separation. Despite small organic molecules being known for their self‐sorting nature, macrocyclic are hitherto unknown owing to unrestrained assemblies from extended π‐conjugated systems. Herein, two near infrared region (NIR) active molecules comprised of porphyrin appended D‐π‐D (1) and A‐π‐A (2) have been reported to show the self‐assembled 0D and 2D nanostructures via J‐aggregates. Interestingly, the mixture of 1 and 2 reveals self‐sorting at the molecular level promoting nanosphere and sheet structures which further rolled over to spheres through π–π stacking leading to core–shell type heterostructure. Consequently, electrical conductivity is 10 times higher than the individual assemblies due to excited state electron transfer from 1 to 2 in a mixture, confirmed by femto second‐transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These results suggest that controlling the self‐sorted heterostructures fosters refining the electronic properties which pave the way for designing novel NIR‐absorbed molecules for organic solar cells (OSCs).
Synergistically Boosted Na+ Migration and Deep Desodiation Stability of NASICON Cathode via High Entropy Regulation
Authors: Long Tao , Li Ruotong , Kong Xueling , Feng Bin , Wang Kairong , Wang Yulei , Chen Can , Wang Yaping , Yu Qinqin , Wu Meng , Ding Yuan‐Li 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMn‐containing sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) compounds have shown considerable potential as cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to higher working voltage (V5+/V4+: 3.9 V), lower cost, and lower toxicity compared to full vanadium‐based NASICON Na3V2(PO4)3. Taking Na3.3V1.7Mn0.3(PO4)3 (NVMP) as an example, its practical application is still restricted by poor electronic conductivity, sluggish intrinsic Na+ diffusion, and poor high‐voltage stability. In this work, a high entropy strategy is proposed to develop Na3.3V1.613Mn0.3(Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zr)0.1(PO4)3 (HE‐NVMP) cathode for not only enabling more and rapid Na+ migration but also significantly improving deep desodiation stability. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental findings, such high entropy modification can efficiently alter the coordination environments of both V/Mn and Na sites for reducing Na+ diffusion energy barrier, increasing the occupancy of Na+ at Na(2) sites, and consolidating the structure stability. Thus, the obtained HE‐NVMP delivers superior high‐rate capability (91.7 mAh g−1) up to 50 C and excellent cycling performance (capacity retention: 81.2%) after 10 000 cycles at 20 C at the cutoff voltage of 4.1 V. More importantly, such cathode also exhibits superior sodium storage properties at a higher cutoff voltage (4.5 V) with electrochemical polarization with 75% reduction at 1 C and higher capacity retention of 80.3% after 2000 cycles at 20 C compared to pristine counterpart, indicating a great potential for practical rechargeable batteries with excellent overcharge resistance capability.
Anatomical and Embryological Development of the Chick Cerebrum in Different Embryonic Periods
Authors: Selcuk Muhammet Lutfi , Kayikci Fatma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to assess the embryological and morphometric development of the chick cerebrum during specific incubation periods. The cerebrums of 24 Babcock White Leghorn chicks, six each from the 10th, 13th, 16th and 21st days of the incubation period, were used in the study. After removing the heads of fixed embryos from the upper edge of the atlas, the brains were taken out of the cranial cavity. Morphometric measurements were performed on the removed brains, and paraffin blocks were prepared following the routine histological procedure. Sections 5 µm thick were taken from the blocks, with an additional 10 µm thick section taken every 50th section. The slides were then stained using Crossmon's triple stain and Klüver–Barrera staining methods and photographed. The sectional images were transferred to the ImageJ programme, brain volume was calculated using stereological methods, and histological measurements were performed. The development of brain parts in selected embryonic periods was examined in detail, focusing on anatomical and histological aspects. According to the results, it was determined that all measured parameters, except the third ventricle width, increased and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It is believed that the findings of this study will enhance the understanding of the region's anatomy. The new morphometric data can serve as reference data in neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity studies.
High‐Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I and Th1/Th2 Polarization in Queens With Pyometra
Authors: Safak Tarik , Saat Nevzat , Yilmaz‐Koc Oznur , Turanli Mert , Ayalp‐Erkan Aslıhan , Risvanli Ali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokine polarization, as well as high‐sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) levels, in cats with pyometra.MethodsWe used 40 queens in the study. A total of 20 out of these 40 queens were diagnosed with the pyometra group (PYO) and the other 20 made up the healthy group (control; CTR). We measured concentrations of hs‐cTnI, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and l‐lactate in queens from both groups. Additionally, we measured cytokine concentrations in all queens.ResultsThe hs‐cTnI concentration in the PYO group (26.95 ± 5.08 ng/L) was significantly higher than that of the CTR group (7.00 ± 0.82 ng/L) (p < 0.000). Furthermore, the PYO group had a higher CK concentration (344.50 ± 39.63 U/L) than the CTR group (191.00 ± 15.44 U/L) (p = 0.002). The PYO group also demonstrated higher concentrations of TNF‐α (9.77 ± 0.81 ng/mL), IFN‐γ (25.37 ± 2.09 ng/mL), IL‐2 (4.37 ± 0.39 ng/mL), IL‐4 (245.64 ± 15.83 pg/mL), IL‐5 (63.13 ± 1.65 pg/mL) and IL‐10 (123.58 ± 4.30 ng/mL) compared to the CTR group (p < 0.000).ConclusionsOverall, it is suggested that changes in cytokine concentrations increase in queens with pyometra, potentially causing harm to the heart muscle. It is crucial to consider that the heart muscle may also be affected in queens with pyometra during the treatment process.