bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koopman Model Predictive Control of an Integrated Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Pan Chao , Li Yaoyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with energy efficient operation of an integral thermal management system (ITMS) for electric vehicles using a nonlinear model predictive control (MPC). Driven by a heat pump (HP), this ITMS can handle battery thermal management (BTM) while serving the need for cabin cooling or heating need. The objectives of the ITMS MPC control strategy include minimization of power consumption and achieving temperature setpoint regulation for the battery and cabin space based on predictive information of traction power and cabin thermal load. The control design is facilitated by a gray-box modeling framework, in which the nonlinear dynamics of HP subsystem are characterized with a data-driven Koopman subspace model, while the BTM subsystem dynamic is a bilinear physics-based model. The computational efficiency of the proposed MPC framework is improved with two aspects of convexification for the underlying receding-horizon constrained optimization problem: the Koopman-operator lifting and the McCormick envelopes implemented for handling the bilinear dynamics. The proposed control method is evaluated with simulation study, by developing a Modelica-Python cosimulation platform via the functional mockup interface (FMI), where the electric vehicle (EV)-ITMS plant is modeled in Modelica with Dymola and the MPC design is implemented in Python. By benchmarking against a recurrent-neural-networks (RNN) model based nonlinear MPC, the simulation results validate the effectiveness and improved computational efficiency of the proposed method.
Second-Law Considerations in Monte Carlo Ray-Trace and Discrete Green’s Function Analysis of Coupled Radiation and Conduction Heat Transfer
Authors: Vick Brian , Mahan J. Robert , Yarahmadi Mehran , Priestley Kory J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A generic Monte Carlo ray-trace (MCRT) engine for computing radiation distribution factors (RDFs), working in tandem with an efficient finite volume formulation based on discrete Green’s functions (DGFs), has been used to solve a massive (2636 nodes) coupled radiation/conduction problem. Distribution factors computed using the MCRT method are known to produce unconditionally stable solutions to pure radiation problems even though the RDFs themselves do not conform exactly to the reciprocity principle. However, when these same RFDs are introduced into time-dependent finite volume conduction formulations based on DGFs, the resulting model is found to be fundamentally unstable due to inherent violations of the second law of thermodynamics. A novel approach to addressing this instability is presented and demonstrated for the case of a telescope typical of those employed to monitor the planetary energy budget from low Earth orbit.
Parametric Studies on a Two-Stage Evaporative Cooler During Tropical Climates in India
Authors: Usharani T. , Suresh M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This research study aims to work out the best possible performance parameters for a two-stage direct–indirect evaporative cooler (IDEC) when it is operated in Indian climatic conditions. A numerical simulation model has been developed to estimate temperature, relative humidity, cooling capacity, and saturation efficiency for a direct evaporative cooler (DEC), when it is operated during hot and humid and hot and less humid conditions in Chennai city. Simulation results have been corroborated with those obtained from experiments. Simulation techniques have also been extended for a fin and tube heat exchanger, which acts as IDEC. Both DEC and IDEC are combined and developed into a two-stage evaporative cooler in which performance studies have been carried out. Performance parameters are optimized for all three modes of evaporative cooling. These studies reveal that the DEC system with optimized parameters has a better approach to wet bulb temperature (WBT). Hence, cooling effectiveness of DEC depends on the ambient air WBT of Indian localities. IDEC systems perform better in places where ambient air WBT is less, either hot and less humid or hot and dry climates. Two-stage evaporative cooling is the preferred technique for Chennai weather when compared with direct and indirect cooling methods. In this cooler, spray water temperature approaches the WBT of IDEC cooled air, whereas it is reduced well below ambient air WBT and approaches ambient air dew point temperature. Also, when ambient air is cooled in this new cooler, dry bulb temperature (DBT) of IDEC cooled air can be reduced below ambient air WBT.
Digital Ark of Knowledge
Authors: Goryachko V. V. , Bubnov A. S. , Rayevskii E. V. , Semenov A. L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The general problem of creating and using encyclopedic knowledge in the digital civilization is considered. The creation and use of a digital encyclopedia are an example of intellectual activities of a collective expanded personality. The basic principles concerning the creation and functioning the “Digital ark of knowledge” at Lomonosov Moscow State University are described in the case of mathematical sciences. The arising problems and their solutions are discussed.
Differential effects of diet and physical activity interventions in pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus and reduce gestational weight gain by level of maternal adiposity: a protocol for an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Boath Anna , Vale Luke , Hayes Louise , Allotey John , Heslehurst Nicola 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWomen and their infants are at increased risk of complications if gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) occurs in pregnancy. Weight management interventions in pregnancy, consisting of diet and physical activity components are targeted based on maternal body mass index (BMI). However, the relative effectiveness of interventions targeted based on alternative measures of adiposity to BMI is unclear. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis aims to explore whether interventions are more effective at preventing GDM and reducing GWG in women according to their level of adiposity.MethodsThe International Weight Management in Pregnancy Collaborative Network has a living database of IPD from randomised trials of diet and/or physical activity interventions in pregnancy. This IPD meta-analysis will use IPD from trials identified from systematic literature searches up until March 2021, where maternal adiposity measures (eg, waist circumference) were collected prior to 20 weeks’ gestation. A two-stage random effects IPD meta-analysis approach will be taken for each outcome (GDM and GWG) to understand the effect of early pregnancy adiposity measures on the effect of weight management interventions for GDM prevention and GWG reduction. Summary intervention effects with 95% CIs) will be derived along with treatment covariate interactions. Between-study heterogeneity will be summarised by I2and tau2statistics. Potential sources of bias will be evaluated, and the nature of any missing data will be explored and appropriate imputation methods adopted.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The study is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021282036). Results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021282036.
In-hospital mortality and risk factors among elderly patients with traumatic brain injury: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Zixuan , Hui Jiyuan , Yang Chun , Jiang Jiyao , Xie LI , Feng Junfeng 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe elderly population is more vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with younger adults, and there is an increasing trend in TBI-related hospitalisations and deaths in the elderly due to the ageing global population. This is a thorough update to a previous meta-analysis on the mortality of elderly TBI patients. Our review will include more recent studies and provide a comprehensive analysis of risk factors.Methods and analysisThe protocol of our systematic review and meta-analysis is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. We will search the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase from inception to 1 February 2023 reporting in-hospital mortality and/or risk factors predicting in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with TBI. We will perform a quantitative synthesis for in-hospital mortality data combined with meta-regression and subgroup analysis to determine whether there is a trend or source of heterogeneity. Pooled estimates for risk factors will be presented in the form of ORs and 95% CIs. Examples of risk factors include age, gender, cause of injury, severity of injury, neurosurgical intervention and preinjury antithrombotic therapy. Dose–response meta-analysis for age and risk of in-hospital mortality will be performed if sufficient studies are included. We will perform a narrative analysis if quantitative synthesis is not appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required; we will publish findings from this study in a peer-reviewed journal and present results at national and international conferences. This study will promote a better understanding and management of elderly/geriatric TBI.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022323231.
Can artificial intelligence accelerate the diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases? Protocol for a data-only retrospective cohort study (Eye2Gene)
Authors: Nguyen Quang , Woof William , Kabiri Nathaniel , Sen Sagnik , Daich Varela Malena , Cabral De Guimaraes Thales Antonio , Shah Mital , Sumodhee Dayyanah , Moghul Ismail , Al-Khuzaei Saoud , Liu Yichen , Hollyhead Catherine , Tailor Bhavna , Lobo Loy , Veal Carl , Archer Stephen , Furman Jennifer , Arno Gavin , Gomes Manuel , Fujinami Kaoru , Madhusudhan Savita , Mahroo Omar A , Webster Andrew R , Balaskas Konstantinos , Downes Susan M , Michaelides Michel , Pontikos Nikolas 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionInherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the working age population. Mutations in over 300 genes have been found to be associated with IRDs and identifying the affected gene in patients by molecular genetic testing is the first step towards effective care and patient management. However, genetic diagnosis is currently slow, expensive and not widely accessible. The aim of the current project is to address the evidence gap in IRD diagnosis with an AI algorithm, Eye2Gene, to accelerate and democratise the IRD diagnosis service.Methods and analysisThe data-only retrospective cohort study involves a target sample size of 10 000 participants, which has been derived based on the number of participants with IRD at three leading UK eye hospitals: Moorfields Eye Hospital (MEH), Oxford University Hospital (OUH) and Liverpool University Hospital (LUH), as well as a Japanese hospital, the Tokyo Medical Centre (TMC). Eye2Gene aims to predict causative genes from retinal images of patients with a diagnosis of IRD. For this purpose, 36 most common causative IRD genes have been selected to develop a training dataset for the software to have enough examples for training and validation for detection of each gene. The Eye2Gene algorithm is composed of multiple deep convolutional neural networks, which will be trained on MEH IRD datasets, and externally validated on OUH, LUH and TMC.Ethics and disseminationThis research was approved by the IRB and the UK Health Research Authority (Research Ethics Committee reference 22/WA/0049) ‘Eye2Gene: accelerating the diagnosis of IRDs’ Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) project ID: 242050. All research adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings will be reported in an open-access format.
Estimation of effects of extreme temperature on the risk of hospitalisation in Taiwan
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Deng Liwen , Wang Yu-Chun 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundExtreme temperatures are triggering and exacerbating hospital admissions and health burdens; however, it is still understudied. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the average temperature on overall hospitalisation and the average length of hospital stay.MethodsDaily area-specific age-sex stratified hospitalisation records from 2006 to 2020 were collected from the National Health Research Institutes of Taiwan. The distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the area-specific relative risk (RR) and 95% CI associated with daily average temperature. Overall cumulative RR was pooled from area-specific RRs using random effects meta-analysis. Temperature effects of extreme high and low thresholds were also evaluated based on the 99th (32°C) and 5th (14°C) percentiles, respectively.ResultsOur findings suggested that the elderly (age ≥65 years) are vulnerable to temperature effects, while differential gender effects are not explicit in Taiwan. A higher risk of in-patient visits was seen among the elderly during extreme low temperatures (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11) compared with extreme high temperatures (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.10). Overall, high-temperature extremes increased the risk of hospitalisation with an RR of 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.07) among the all-age-sex population in Taiwan. Additionally, lag-specific analysis of the study revealed that high-temperature effects on in-patient visits are effective on the same day of exposure, while cold effects occurred after 0–2 days of exposure. The average length of hospital stays can also increase with high-temperature extremes among age group 41–64 years and the elderly.ConclusionPublic health preparedness should consider the increased load on health facilities and health expenditures during extreme temperatures.
Mapping out the arguments for and against patient non-attendance fees in healthcare: an analysis of public consultation documents
Authors: Fystro Joar Røkke , Feiring Eli 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPatients not attending their appointments without giving notice burden healthcare services. To reduce non-attendance rates, patient non-attendance fees have been introduced in various settings. Although some argue in narrow economic terms that behavioural change as a result of financial incentives is a voluntary transaction, charging patients for non-attendance remains controversial. This paper aims to investigate the controversies of implementing patient non-attendance fees.ObjectiveThe aim was to map out the arguments in the Norwegian public debate concerning the introduction and use of patient non-attendance fees at public outpatient clinics.MethodsPublic consultation documents (2009–2021) were thematically analysed (n=84). We used a preconceived conceptual framework based on the works of Grant to guide the analysis.ResultsA broad range of arguments for and against patient non-attendance fees were identified, here referring to the acceptability of the fees’ purpose, the voluntariness of the responses, the effects on the individual character and institutional norms and the perceived fairness and comparative effectiveness of patient non-attendance fees. Whereas the aim of motivating patients to keep their appointments to avoid poor utilisation of resources and increased waiting times was widely supported, principled and practical arguments against patient non-attendance fees were raised.ConclusionA narrow economic understanding of incentives cannot capture the breadth of arguments for and against patient non-attendance fees. Policy makers may draw on this insight when implementing similar incentive schemes. The study may also contribute to the general debate on ethics and incentives.
Prior anticoagulation and bridging thrombolysis improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke
Authors: Lin Longting , Blair Christopher , Fu James , Cordato Dennis , Cappelen-Smith Cecilia , Cheung Andrew , Manning Nathan W , Wenderoth Jason , Chen Chushuang , Bivard Andrew , Butcher Kenneth , Kleinig Timothy J , Choi Philip , Levi Christopher R , Parsons Mark 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundWhere stroke occurs with pre-existing atrial fibrillation (AF)studies validating the safety and efficacy of bridging thrombolysis, and the use of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the setting of prior anticoagulation, are limited to single-center reports.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, AF patients undergoing EVT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke enrolled in a prospectively-maintained, international multicenter database (International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry (INSPIRE)) between 2016 and 2019 were studied. Patients were categorized by anticoagulation status: anticoagulated (warfarin/non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants) versus not anticoagulated. Patients not anticoagulated were further divided into intravenous thrombolysis versus no thrombolysis. Outcomes compared between groups included 90-day modified Rankin Scale, 90-day mortality, rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and good reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3).ResultsOf 563 AF patients, 118 (21%) were on anticoagulation. AF patients on anticoagulation showed improved 90-day functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00 to 2.82). Mortality (26.3% vs 23.8%), sICH (4.5% vs 3.9%), and rates of good reperfusion (91.3% vs 88.0%) were similar between those anticoagulated and those not anticoagulated. Thrombolysis before EVT in AF patients was independently associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.79) and reduced mortality (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.84), with similar sICH rates (3.4% vs 4.5%).ConclusionsAnticoagulated patients with AF who underwent EVT had improved 90-day functional outcomes and similar sICH rates. Thrombolysis before EVT in AF patients was associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes and reduced mortality.
Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal Onyx embolization of a paracavernous dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Karas Patrick J , Lee Jae Eun , Oliver Brian T , Allison Randall Z , Lees Katherine A , Shaltoni Hashem , Kan Peter 
Published: March 2023

Paracavernous dural arteriovenous fistulas (pdAVFs) are extremely rare and can mimic carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) in both clinical presentation and imaging characteristics. Access to the venous pouch often presents the greatest challenge in the treatment of pdAVFs. Here we present a novel access technique utilizing an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach, where we directly puncture the venous pouch under both stereotactic guidance and endoscopic visualization, thereby completely embolizing a pdAVF with no alternate access (video 1).Video 1Technical video demonstrates the complete embolization of a pdAVF using an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach.
Dual-layered stents reduce cerebral embolism compared with first-generation stents during carotid stenting of high lipid core plaque lesions
Authors: Nakagawa Ichiro , Kotsugi Masashi , Yokoyama Shohei , Maeoka Ryosuke , Furuta Takanori , Tanaka Haku , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Matsuda Ryosuke , Yamada Shuichi , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPeriprocedural lipid core plaque (LCP) has been detected in carotid arteries assessed by catheter-based near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). High LCP is associated with cerebral embolism after carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a first-generation stent. We aimed to evaluate whether dual-layered stents reduce embolic infarcts in patients with high LCP and change of lipid signal as assessed by NIRS during CAS.MethodsParticipants comprised 210 consecutive patients undergoing CAS. The study was divided into two distinct periods, with first-generation closed-cell stents used in the earlier period and dual-layered stents used in the later period. NIRS was performed at baseline, after stent implantation, and after balloon post-dilatation to analyze maximal lipid core burden index at minimal luminal area (max-LCBIMLA).ResultsThe ipsilateral cerebral embolism rate was significantly lower with dual-layered stents (9%) than with first-generation stents (33%, p<0.001), particularly with highly lipidic lesions (12% vs 60%, p<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, high LCP and first-generation stent usage were factors related to ipsilateral cerebral embolism (both p<0.001; OR 8.28 (95% CI 3.49 to 19.64) and OR 8.07 (95% CI 2.33 to 27.93), respectively). Max-LCBIMLAdecreased significantly after stenting in both groups (both p<0.01) and max-LCBIMLAafter balloon post-dilatation was significantly lower with dual-layered stents (22.4±65.6) than with first-generation stents (124.2±208.2; p=0.006).ConclusionsDual-layered stents reduce embolic infarcts in patients with highly lipidic plaque lesions as assessed by NIRS who undergo CAS. Dual-layered stents significantly reduced NIRS-derived lipid signals after stenting.
Topologies of $$^{76}$$Ge double-beta decay events and calibration procedure biases
Authors: Comellato Tommaso , Agostini Matteo , Schönert Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe analysis of the time profile of electrical signals produced by energy depositions in germanium detectors allows discrimination of events with different topologies. This is especially relevant for experiments searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{76}$$

76

Ge to distinguish the sought-after signal from other background sources. The standard calibration procedures used to tune the selection criteria for double-beta decay events use a $$^{228}$$

228

Th source, because it provides samples of signal-like events. These samples exhibit energy spatial distributions with subtle different topologies compared to neutrinoless double-beta decay events. In this work, we will characterize these topological differences and, with the support of a $$^{56}$$

56

Co source, evaluate biases and precision of calibration techniques which use such event samples. Our results will be particularly relevant for future experiments in which a solid estimation of the efficiency is required.
Explosive sequence of La Soufrière, St Vincent, April 2021: insights into drivers and consequences via eruptive products
Authors: Cole Paul D. , Barclay J. , Robertson R. E. A. , Mitchell Sam , Davies B. V. , Constantinescu R. , Sparks R. S. J. , Aspinall W. , Stinton A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper forensically reconstructs the timings, impacts and processes that drove the sequence of explosive eruptions of La Soufrière, St Vincent in April 2021 using a combination of field-based stratigraphy and textural dissection of the deposit character together with contemporary visual observations.

Explosive activity on 9 April and early on 10 April involved destruction of almost all of the 2020/2021 lava dome,
c.
60% of the 1979 dome and formation of a 600 m diameter crater by 2pm UTC on 10 April. Following the initial explosion, plumes rose to altitudes of
c.
15 km and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), formed by column collapse, first occurred on 10 April, only after >24 h of explosive activity. Dense PDCs reached the sea only in the Larikai and Roseau valleys, and dilute PDCs were restricted to within 2.5 km of the Summit Crater rim.

The tephra fallout deposits are stratified, composed of numerous layers of both lapilli-rich and ash-rich layers, which we have grouped into at least 7 units, based on their common characteristics (Units 1 to 7).

Volume estimates, using a range of techniques to constrain uncertainties, indicate that the bulk volume of tephra (fallout and PDC) is 1.19 × 10
8
m
3
± 20% making this a VEI 4 eruption.