bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Pt‐Doped Co3O4 Spinel Nanoparticles Embedded in Polyhedron Frames for Robust Propane Oxidation at Low Temperature
Authors: Xiong Gaoyan , Feng Chao , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Li Junxi , Jiang Fei , Tao Shu , Wang Yunxia , Li Yichuan , Pan Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study adopts a facile and effective in situ encapsulation‐oxidation strategy for constructing a coupling catalyst composed of atomically dispersed Pt‐doped Co3O4 spinel nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polyhedron frames (PFs) for robust propane total oxidation. Benefiting from the abundant oxygen vacancies and more highly valent active Co3+ species caused by the doping of Pt atoms as well as the confinement effect, the optimized 0.2Pt‐Co3O4 NPs/PFs catalyst exhibits excellent propane catalytic activity with low T90 (184 °C), superior apparent reaction rate (21.62×108 (mol gcat−1 s−1)), low apparent activation energy (Ea = 17.89 kJ mol−1), high turnover frequency ( 811×107 (mol gcat−1 s−1)) as well as good stability. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the doping of Pt atoms enhances the oxygen activation ability, and decreases the energy barrier required for CH bond breaking, thus improving the deep oxidation process of the intermediate species. This study opens up new ideas for constructing coupling catalysts from atomic scale with low cost to enhance the activation of oxygen molecules and the deep oxidation of linear short chain alkanes at low temperature.
Sedimentary Pyrite Formation in a Seasonally Oxygen‐Stressed Estuary: Potential Imprints of Microbial Ecology and Position‐Specific Isotope Fractionation
Authors: Hantsoo Kalev , Gomes Maya , Malkin Sairah , Brenner Dana , Kenney William F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSedimentary pyrite records are essential for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions, but these records may be affected by seasonal fluctuations in oxygen concentration and temperature, which can impact bioturbation, sulfide fluxes, and distributions of sulfide oxidizing microbes (SOMs). To investigate how seasonal oxygen stress influences surficial (<2 cm) pyrite formation, we measured time‐series concentrations and sulfur isotope (δ34S) compositions of pyrite sulfur along with those of potential precursor compounds at a bioturbated shoal site and an oxygen‐deficient channel site in Chesapeake Bay. We also measured radioisotope depth profiles to estimate sedimentation rates and bioturbation intensities. Results show that net pyrite precipitation was restricted to summer and early autumn at both sites. Pyrite concentration was higher and apparently more responsive to precursor compound concentration at the mildly bioturbated site than at the non‐bioturbated site. This disparity may be driven by differences in the dominant SOM communities between the two sites. Despite this, the sites' similar pyrite δ34S values imply that changes in SOM communities have limited effects on surficial pyrite δ34S values here. However, we found that pyrite δ34S values are consistently and anomalously lower than coeval precursor compounds at both sites. A steady‐state model demonstrates that equilibrium position‐specific isotope fractionation (PSIF) effects in the S8‐polysulfide pool can create a 4.3–7.3‰ gap between δ34S values of pyrite and zero‐valent sulfur. This study suggests that SOM communities may have distinct effects on pyrite accumulation in seasonally dynamic systems, and that PSIF in the polysulfide pool may leave an imprint in pyrite isotope records.
Spectrum sharing mechanisms in the unlicensed band: Performance limit and comparison
Authors: Lin Yingqi , Sun Xinghua , Gao Yayu , Zhan Wen , Li Yitong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeploying networks in unlicensed spectrum has been drawing significant attention, which serves to alleviate the increasing demands in licensed spectrum. However, the network coexistence in unlicensed channel may lead to throughput degradation and unfairness. An appropriate spectrum‐sharing mechanism is therefore of great significance. In this paper, we study the performance limit of two representative mechanisms used in the coexistence with WiFi, including Duty Cycle (DC) and Listen‐Before‐Talk (LBT). In particular, both the throughputs of the coexisting network and WiFi under two mechanisms are derived as explicit expressions of system parameters, based on which the maximum total throughput of the coexisting network and WiFi is characterized under throughput fairness and 3GPP fairness, respectively. A systematic comparison between the optimal throughput performance of DC and LBT is conducted. It is found that if the coexisting network with LBT occupies the channel for a large period each time it successfully accesses the channel, then the maximum total throughput in LBT would be close to that in DC under both throughput fairness and 3GPP fairness. The optimal settings for DC and LBT mechanisms to achieve maximum total throughput are obtained, respectively, which sheds important light on the design of fair and efficient spectrum‐sharing protocols.
Improved BlendMask: Nuclei instance segmentation for medical microscopy images
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Zetao , Wu Minghu , Ye Yonggang , Wang Sheng , Cao Ye , Yang Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNuclei instance segmentation is an important task in medical image analysis involving cell‐level pathological analysis, which is of great significance for many biomedical applications. Nuclei segmentation is a challenging task due to edge adhesions and the distribution of numerous tiny dense nuclei. In this work, a nuclei instance segmentation framework, namely, the improved BlendMask is proposed. In this framework, in order to improve the performance of detection and segmentation of dense small objects and adhering nuclei, two components, including dilated convolution aggregation module (DCA) and context information aggregation module (CIA), are designed. The DCA constructs multi‐path parallel dilated convolution, which greatly increases the receptive field of the network and the ability to capture multi‐scale contextual information. The CIA reduces the information loss in the channel by endowing the network with high‐level multi‐scale spatial context information. In addition, a novel distributional ranking loss function is given that can effectively alleviate the imbalance between the target and the background. The proposed method is validated on the DSB2018 dataset. Compared to BlendMask, this network improves by 3.6% on AP segmentation metric, and the segmentation performance of this network is superior to that of several recent classic open‐source nuclei instance segmentation methods.
Evaluation of Patient-Friendly Diagnosis Clarifications in a Hospital Patient Portal
Authors: van Mens Hugo J. T. , Hannen Gaby E. G. , Nienhuis Remko , Bolt Roel J. , de Keizer Nicolette F. , Cornet Ronald 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Medical data can be difficult to comprehend for patients, but only a limited number of patient-friendly terms and definitions are available to clarify medical concepts. Therefore, we developed an algorithm that generalizes diagnoses to more general concepts that do have patient-friendly terms and definitions in SNOMED CT. We implemented the generalizations, and diagnosis clarifications with synonyms and definitions that were already available, in the problem list of a hospital patient portal.
Objective We aimed to assess the extent to which the clarifications cover the diagnoses in the problem list, the extent to which clarifications are used and appreciated by patient portal users, and to explore differences in viewing problems and clarifications between subgroups of users and diagnoses.
Methods We measured the coverage of diagnoses by clarifications, usage of the problem list and the clarifications, and user, patient and diagnosis characteristics with aggregated, routinely available electronic health record and log file data. Additionally, patient portal users provided quantitative and qualitative feedback about the clarification quality.
Results Of all patient portal users who viewed diagnoses on their problem list (n = 2,660), 89% had one or more diagnoses with clarifications. In addition, 55% of patient portal users viewed the clarifications. Users who rated the clarifications (n = 108) considered the clarifications to be of good quality on average, with a median rating per patient of 6 (interquartile range: 4–7; from 1 very bad to 7 very good). Users commented that they found clarifications to be clear and recognized the clarifications from their own experience, but sometimes also found the clarifications incomplete or disagreed with the diagnosis itself.
Conclusion This study shows that the clarifications are used and appreciated by patient portal users. Further research and development will be dedicated to the maintenance and further quality improvement of the clarifications.
Reconstruction of Hand Dorsum Defect Using Double Perforators-Based Anterior Interosseous Artery Island Flap: A Case Report and Description of a New Anterior Interosseous Artery Perforator
Authors: Kang Inho , Lee Hyun Rok , Jung Gyu Yong , Lee Joon Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe anterior interosseous artery (AIA) perforator flap is not commonly used in hand dorsum reconstruction compared with alternatives. However, it is a versatile flap with several advantages. Literature on the AIA perforator flap is based on the dorsal septocutaneous branch (DSB), which branches from the AIA and passes through fascia between the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and extensor pollicis brevis muscles. In the described case, the authors reconstructed a hand dorsum defect in a 78-year-old man using an AIA perforator flap with double perforators supplied by the DSB and a new perforator branching from the distal than DSB. No complication was encountered, and the flap survived completely. A retrospective computed tomography review revealed the presence of the new perforator in 14 of 21 patients. Two types of new perforator were observed. One passed through the ulnar side of the extensor indicis proprius (EIP) muscle and penetrated fascia between the extensor digitorum minimi and extensor digitorum communis tendons, whereas the other passed between the EPL and EIP muscles. This report describes the anatomical location and clinical application of the new AIA perforators. The double perforators-based AIA flap provides a straightforward, reliable means of reconstructing hand dorsum defects.
Lipoinjection with Adipose Stem Cells for Nasal Modeling: Rhino Cell, a Highly Versatile Alternative
Authors: Castro-Govea Yanko , García-Garza Jorge A. , Vázquez-Lara Sergio E. , González-Cantú Cynthia M. , Chacón-Moreno Hernán , Cervantes-Kardasch Víctor H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is undeniable that a significant number of patients who want to improve their facial appearance is increasingly interested in nonsurgical procedures. Without a doubt, the use of autologous fat could not be left out as a magnificent alternative for nasal modeling simply because of four influential factors: ease of collection, compatibility, the temporality of the results, and safety. This work describes an innovative alternative technique for nasal modeling using micrografts enriched with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). With this technique, fat was collected and divided into two samples, nanofat and microfat. Nanofat was used to isolate the ASCs; microfat was enriched with ASCs and used for nasal modeling. Lipoinjection was performed in a supraperiosteal plane on the nasal dorsum. Through a retrolabial access, the nasal tip and base of the columella were lipoinjected. We consider that nonsurgical nasal modeling using micrografts enriched with ASCs can be an attractive and innovative alternative. This technique will never be a substitute for surgical rhinoplasty. It can be performed in a minor procedure area with rapid recovery and return to the patient's daily activities the next day. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated.
Historical contingency or effective niche differentiation as drivers for the emergence of endemism centres? A commentary on ‘The evolution of ecological specialization underlies plant endemism in the Atlantic Forest’
Authors: Molina-Venegas Rafael 
Published: April 2023

This article comments on:
Eduardo K. Nery, Mayara K. Caddah, Matheus F. Santos and Anselmo Nogueira. The evolution of ecological specialization underlies plant endemism in the Atlantic Forest, Annals of Botany, Volume 131, Issue 6, 9 May 2023, Pages 921–940, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad029
Standard versus no post-filter ionized calcium monitoring in regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy (NPC trial)
Authors: Thanapongsatorn Peerapat , Sinjira Tanyapim , Kaewdoungtien Piyanut , Kusirisin Prit , Kulvichit Win , Sirivongrangson Phatadon , Peerapornratana Sadudee , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Current guidelines recommend monitoring of post-filter ionized calcium (pfCa) when using regional citrate anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy (RCA-CRRT) to determine citrate efficiency for the prevention of filter clotting. However, the reliability of pfCa raises the question of whether routine monitoring is required. Reducing the frequency of pfCa monitoring could potentially reduce costs and workload. Our objective was to test the efficacy and safety of no pfCa monitoring among critically ill patients receiving RCA-CRRT.

Methods
This study was a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial conducted between January 2021 and October 2021 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand. Critically ill patients who were treated with RCA-CRRT were randomized to receive either standard pfCa monitoring (aiming pfCa level of 0.25–0.35 mmol/L), or no pfCa monitoring, in which a constant rate of citrate infusion was maintained at pre-determined citrate concentrations of 4 mmol/L with blinding of pfCa levels to treating clinicians. The primary outcome was the filter lifespan. Non-inferiority would be demonstrated if the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in filter lifespan between the groups was less than 20 h.

Results
Fifty patients were randomized to the standard pfCa monitoring group (n = 25) or no pfCa monitoring group (n = 25). The mean filter lifespan was 54 ± 20 h in the standard pfCa monitoring group and 47 ± 23 h in the no pfCa monitoring group (absolute difference 7.1 h; 95% CI –5.3, 19.5, P = .25). When restricting the analysis to circuits reaching the maximum duration of circuit lifespan at 72 h and clotted filters, the filter lifespan was 61 ± 17 h in the standard pfCa group vs 60 ± 19 h in the no pfCa monitoring group (absolute difference 0.9 h; 95% CI –11.5, 13.4, P = .88). Compared with the no pfCa monitoring group, the standard pfCa monitoring group had a significantly higher mean citrate concentrations (4.43 ± 0.32 vs 4 mmol/L, P &lt; .001) and a higher rate of severe hypocalcemia (44% vs 20%, P = .13). No statistical differences were found in filter clotting, citrate accumulation, citrate overload and mortality between the two groups.

Conclusions
Among critically ill patients receiving RCA-CRRT, no pfCa monitoring by maintaining the citrate concentrations of 4 mmol/L is feasible. Larger randomized controlled trials should be conducted to ensure the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of this strategy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04792424 (registered 11 March 2021)
Mineral Resources and the Salience of Ethnic Identities
Authors: Berman Nicolas , Couttenier Mathieu , Girard Victoire 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper shows how ethnic identities may become more salient due to natural resources extraction. We combine individual data on the strength of ethnic—relative to national—identities with geo-localised information on the contours of ethnic homelands, and on the timing and location of mineral resources exploitation in 25 African countries, from 2005 to 2015. Our strategy takes advantage of several dimensions of exposure to resources exploitation: time, spatial proximity and ethnic proximity. We find that the strength of an ethnic group identity increases when mineral resource exploitation in that group’s historical homeland intensifies. We argue that this result is at least partly rooted in feelings of relative deprivation associated with the exploitation of the resources. We show that such exploitation has limited positive economic spillovers, especially for members of the indigenous ethnic group; and that the link between mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities is reinforced among members of powerless ethnic groups and groups with strong baseline identity feelings or living in poorer areas, or areas with a history of conflict. Put together, these findings suggest a new dimension of the natural resource curse: the fragmentation of identities, between ethnic groups and nations.
Widespread genetic heterogeneity and genotypic grouping associated with fungicide resistance among barley spot form net blotch isolates in Australia
Authors: Hassett Kealan , Muria-Gonzalez Mariano Jordi , Turner Aleesha , McLean Mark S , Wallwork Hugh , Martin Anke , Ellwood Simon R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a major foliar disease of barley worldwide. Knowledge of the pathogen's genetic diversity and population structure is critical for a better understanding of inherent evolutionary capacity and for the development of sustainable disease management strategies. Genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism data of 254 Australian isolates revealed genotypic diversity and an absence of population structure, either between states, or between fields and cultivars in different agro-ecological zones. This indicates there is little geographical isolation or cultivar directional selection and that the pathogen is highly mobile across the continent. However, two cryptic genotypic groups were found only in Western Australia, predominantly associated with genes involved in fungicide resistance. The findings in this study are discussed in the context of current cultivar resistance and the pathogen's adaptive potential.
Endoscopic and Histological Placebo Rates in Crohn’s Disease Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vuyyuru Sudheer K , Nguyen Tran M , Hogan Malcolm , Raine Tim , Noor Nurulamin M , Narula Neeraj , Verstockt Bram , Feagan Brian G , Singh Siddharth , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Precise estimates of placebo response rates help efficient clinical trial design. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed contemporary placebo endoscopic and histological response rates in Crohn’s disease (CD) clinical trials.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to April 2022 to identify placebo-controlled studies of pharmacological interventions for CD. Endoscopic response, remission, and mucosal healing rates for participants assigned to placebo in induction and maintenance studies were pooled using a random-effects model. Point estimates and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
In total, 16 studies (11 induction, 3 maintenance, 2 induction and maintenance) that randomized 1646 participants to placebo were eligible. For induction trials, the pooled placebo endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, and mucosal healing rates in participants assigned to placebo were 13% (95% CI, 10-16; I2 = 14.1%; P = .14), 6% (95% CI, 3-11; I2 = 74.7%; P &lt; .001), and 6% (95% CI, 4-9; I2 = 26.9%; P = .29), respectively. The pooled endoscopic remission rate in patients who were bio-naïve was 10% (95% CI, 4-23) compared with only 4% (95% CI, 3-7) in bio-experienced patients. For maintenance trials, the pooled endoscopic response, remission, and mucosal healing rates were 7% (95% CI, 1-31; I2 = 78.2%; P = .004), 11% (95% CI, 4-27; I2 = 70.8%; P = .06), and 7% (95% CI, 3-15; I2 = 29.7; P = .23), respectively. Only 3 trials assessed histological outcomes.

Conclusions
Endoscopic placebo rates vary according to trial phase and prior biologic exposure. These contemporary data will serve to inform CD trial design, sample size calculation, and end point selection for future trials.
Complete genome sequencing ofBacillus subtilis(CWTS 5), a siderophore-producing bacterium triggers antagonistic potential againstRalstonia solanacearum
Authors: Chandwani Sapna , Dewala Sahabram , Chavan Sonal Manik , Paul Dhiraj , Pachaiappan Raman , Gopi Muthukaruppan , Amaresan Natarajan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to explore the antagonistic potential of siderophore-producing Bacillus subtilis (CWTS 5) for the suppression of Ralstonia solanacearum and to explore the mechanisms of inhibition by FTIR, LC-MS, and whole genome analysis.Methods and ResultsA siderophore-producing B. subtilis (CWTS 5) possessing several plant growth-promoting properties such as IAA and ACC deaminase production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation was assessed for its inhibitory effect against R. solanacearum, and its mechanisms were explored by in vitro and in vivo analyses. The active secondary metabolites in the siderophore extracts were identified as 2-deoxystreptamine, miserotoxin, fumitremorgin C, pipercide, pipernonaline, gingerone A, and deoxyvasicinone by LC-MS analysis. The Arnow's test and antiSMASH analysis confirmed the presence of catecholate siderophores, and the functional groups determined by FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites in the siderophore extract possessing antagonistic effect. The complete genome sequence of CWTS 5 revealed the gene clusters responsible for siderophore, antibiotics, secondary metabolite production, and antibacterial and antifungal metabolites. Furthermore, the evaluation of CWTS 5 against R. solanacearum in pot studies demonstrated 40.0% reduced disease severity index (DSI) by CWTS 5, methanolic extract (DSI-26.6%), ethyl acetate extract (DSI-20.0%), and increased plant growth such as root and shoot length, wet weight and dry weight of Solanum lycopersicum L. owing to its antagonistic potential. This genomic insight will support future studies on the application of B. subtilis as a plant growth promoter and biocontrol agent against R. solanacearum for bacterial wilt management.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that B. subtilis (CWTS 5) possesses multiple mechanisms that control R. solanacearum, reduce disease incidence, and improve S. lycopersicum growth.