bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of behavior‐based safety observation program (BSOP) in the chemical manufacturing industry
Authors: Zakaria Junaidah , Che Hassan Che Rosmani , Hamid Mahar Diana , Sukadarin Ezrin Hani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2022, there were 4514 reported cases of occupational accidents in Malaysian manufacturing industry, which is the highest among the sectors. Although governmental regulations mandate the use of personal protective equipment and safe working procedures, workers still take risks while completing their job. Behavioral‐based safety (BBS) approach has become a reliable way for correcting workers' behavior and improving their safety performance. This article presents findings from the BBS safety intervention program and reports its effectiveness in increasing the number of workers performing safe acts. The developed program, namely BSOP (behavior‐based safety observation program), use four basic principles: (i) goal‐setting, (ii) behavioral observation, (iii) constructive feedback, and (iv) reward and celebration. During execution, behavioral observation was conducted daily by appointed observers for 4 months. Results showed that the program reduced at‐risk behavior (measured by the percent increase of safe acts) from 61% during baseline to 73% and 82% during the first and second behavioral observation cycles toward 14 identified targeted behavior. This study presents a comprehensive and structured process of developing safety interventions. It contributes to our understanding of the significant effects of changes in targeted behavior due to the success of the safety intervention program.
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder symptoms and intrusive thoughts in the postpartum period: Associations with trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms
Authors: Drake Margaret H. , Friesen‐Haarer Alexa J. , Ward Marissa J. , Miller Michelle L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a community sample of trauma‐exposed postpartum individuals (N = 167; mean age = 30, 90% White; 61.7% completed bachelor's degree or higher) longitudinally completed self‐report measures on PTSD, depressive, and Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms (specifically checking, ordering, washing, and obsessing symptoms), preoccupation with intrusive postpartum thoughts/neutralising strategies, and trauma exposure at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum. PTSD symptoms were strongly associated with all OCD symptoms (r = 0.32‐ 0.49, p < 0.001), preoccupation with postpartum‐specific intrusive thoughts (r = 0.32−0.45, p < 0.001), and preoccupation with neutralising strategies (r = 0.21−0.29, p < 0.05) at both time points. PTSD symptoms were also predictive of checking and obsessing symptoms. This study identified PTSD symptoms as a new correlate for preoccupation with postpartum‐specific intrusive thoughts and neutralising strategies in the postpartum period in a community sample. These findings add to the evidence suggesting a strong association between PTSD and OCD symptoms across the lifespan, including in non‐clinical samples. Future research should examine best practices to assess and treat a variety of postpartum psychopathology symptoms, not just depression.
Haze‐Suppressed Wideband Light Shutter from Near Ultraviolet to Infrared Rays Utilizing Electrophoretic Carbon Black Particles
Authors: Lim Young Jin , Jeon Hyun Soo , Han Yeon Jin , Kim Tae Hyung , Kim MinSu , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon black (CB) particles that can absorb from near ultraviolet to infrared rays are well dispersed into an isotropic dielectric liquid and their optical properties can be kept even under exposure to sunlight over a long time. The shutter which controls the position of CB particles by electrophoretic force can be applied to switchable light shutters for windows in buildings and automobiles for the purpose of energy savings. Here, a wideband light shutter with three terminal electrodes is proposed, exhibiting excellent dark (transmittance ≈1.4%) and transparent state (transmittance >60%). The device operates at a low field intensity of about 1 V µm−1 to obtain transparent state and its wide temperature range operation from −50 to 120 °C is confirmed while conventional liquid crystal‐based shutter cannot perform such levels due to a limited temperature range in the nematic phase. In addition, haze is minimized in a transparent state by adopting an insulation layer over electrodes and a solution is found to keep a transparent state without applying power. It is believed that the proposed broadband shutter with fast response time could open a new chapter in switchable windows owing to its low power consumption and working in a wide temperature range.
Non‐similar heat transfer analysis of magnetized flow of Ag‐Mgo/water hybrid nanofluid flow through darcy porous medium
Authors: Farooq Umer , Jadoon Amina , Hussain Muzamil , Sheremet Mikhail 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the magnetized flow of Ag–MgO/water hybrid nanofluid over an extending sheet implanted in Darcy porous medium. Thermal radiations, Joule and viscous dissipations are incorporated into energy equation to account for heat transfer. The convective heat flux boundary condition is imposed at sheet surface. Using non‐similar conversions, governing equations are converted to a system of dimensionless partial differential equations (PDEs). These equations are transformed into ordinary ones by using local non‐similar method. MATLAB's bvp4c function is used to numerically simulate the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The velocity and thermal profiles for positive variation of essential parameters are illustrated graphically. It was concluded that the velocity profile increases for the rising Darcy number. On the other hand, the temperature profile increased for the positive variation of magnetic number, volume fraction, radiation parameter, Eckert number and Biot number while decreasing for all other parameters. The skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rates are thoroughly investigated and findings are reported through tables. It was found that the magnitude of skin friction coefficient rises with an increase in volume fraction, suction and magnetic parameters while the heat transfer is enhanced by increases in Darcy number, suction parameter, radiation parameter, and Biot number. As per the author's knowledge, no work has previously been published on the current model using the local non‐similarity method. This work may provide insight to researchers interested in thermal systems and solar energy harvesting.
Leading directions in the SMEFT
Authors: Greljo Admir , Palavrić Ajdin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Short-distance new physics at (or slightly) above the TeV scale should not excessively violate the approximate flavor symmetries of the SM in order to comply with stringent constraints from flavor-changing neutral currents. In this respect, flavor symmetries provide an effective organizing principle for the vast parameter space of the SMEFT. In this work, we classify all possible irreducible representations under U(3)5 flavor symmetry of new heavy spin-0, 1/2, and 1 fields which integrate out to dimension-6 operators at the tree level. For a general perturbative UV model, the resulting flavor-symmetric interactions are very restrictive and, in most cases, predict a single Hermitian operator with a definite sign. These leading directions in the SMEFT space deserve particular attention. We derive an extensive set of present experimental constraints by utilizing the existing global SMEFT fits, which incorporate data from top quark, Higgs boson, and electroweak measurements, along with constraints on dilepton and 4-lepton contact interactions. The derived set of bounds comprehensively summarises the present knowledge from indirect searches of flavor-blind new physics mediators.
Starobinsky inflation from string theory?
Authors: Brinkmann Max , Cicoli Michele , Zito Pietro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Starobinsky inflation is currently one of the best models concerning agreement with cosmological data. Despite this observational success, it is still lacking a robust embedding into a UV complete theory. Previous efforts to derive Starobinsky inflation from string theory have been based on the derivation of higher derivative curvature terms from the low-energy limit of ten-dimensional string theory. This approach is however known to fail due to the difficulty to tame the effect of contributions proportional to the Ricci scalar to a power larger than two. In this paper we investigate an alternative attempt which exploits instead the ubiquitous presence of scalar fields in string compactifications combined with the fact that Starobinsky inflation can be recast as Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field with a precise potential and conformal coupling to matter fermions. After showing that the dilaton does not feature the right Yukawa coupling to matter, we focus in particular on type IIB Kähler moduli since they have shown to lead to exponential potentials with a Starobinsky-like plateau. We consider three classes of moduli with a different topological origin: the volume modulus, bulk fibre moduli, and blow-up modes. The only modulus with the correct coupling to matter is the volume mode but its potential does not feature any plateau at large field values. Fibre moduli admit instead a potential very similar to Starobinsky inflation with a natural suppression of higher curvature corrections, but they cannot reproduce the correct conformal coupling to matter. Blow-up modes have both a wrong potential and a wrong coupling. Our analysis implies therefore that embedding Starobinsky inflation into string theory seems rather hard. Finally, it provides a detailed derivation of the coupling to matter of fibre moduli which could be used as a way to discriminate Starobinsky from fibre inflation.
Investigating the impact of breast positioning control on physical treatment parameters in multi-catheter breast brachytherapy
Authors: Karius Andre , Strnad Vratislav , Lotter Michael , Kreppner Stephan , Fietkau Rainer , Bert Christoph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effects of a workflow for reproducible patient and breast positioning on implant stability during high-dose-rate multi-catheter breast brachytherapy.

Methods
Thirty patients were treated with our new positioning control workflow. Implant stability was evaluated based on a comparison of planning-CTs to control-CTs acquired halfway through the treatment. To assess geometric stability, button–button distance variations as well as Euclidean dwell position deviations were evaluated. The latter were also quantified within various separated regions within the breast to investigate the location-dependency of implant alterations. Furthermore, dosimetric variations to target volume and organs at risk (ribs, skin) as well as isodose volume changes were analyzed. Results were compared to a previously treated cohort of 100 patients.

Results
With the introduced workflow, the patient fraction affected by button–button distance variations > 5 mm and by dwell position deviations > 7 mm were reduced from 37% to 10% and from 30% to 6.6%, respectively. Implant stability improved the most in the lateral to medial breast regions. Only small stability enhancements were observed regarding target volume dosimetry, but the stability of organ at risk exposure became substantially higher. D0.2ccm skin dose variations > 12.4% and D0.1ccm rib dose variations > 6.7% were reduced from 11% to 0% and from 16% to 3.3% of all patients, respectively.

Conclusion
Breast positioning control improved geometric and dosimetric implant stability for individual patients, and thus enhanced physical plan validity in these cases.
Radiation therapy for cancer is potentially associated with reduced growth of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Becker von Rose Aaron , Kobus Kathrin , Bohmann Bianca , Lindquist-Lilljequist Moritz , Eilenberg Wolf , Kapalla Marvin , Bassermann Florian , Reeps Christian , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Neumayer Christoph , Brostjan Christine , Roy Joy , von Heckel Korbinian , Hultgren Rebecka , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Combs Stephanie E. , Busch Albert , Schiller Kilian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Co-prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and cancer poses a unique challenge in medical care since both diseases and their respective therapies might interact. Recently, reduced AAA growth rates were observed in cancer patients that received radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this study was to perform a fine-grained analysis of the effects of RT on AAA growth with respect to direct (infield) and out-of-field (outfield) radiation exposure, and radiation dose-dependency.

Methods
A retrospective single-center analysis identified patients with AAA, cancer, and RT. Clinical data, radiation plans, and aneurysm diameters were analyzed. The total dose of radiation to each aneurysm was computed. AAA growth under infield and outfield exposure was compared to patients with AAA and cancer that did not receive RT (no-RT control) and to an external noncancer AAA reference cohort.

Results
Between 2003 and 2020, a total of 38 AAA patients who had received well-documented RT for their malignancy were identified. AAA growth was considerably reduced for infield patients (n = 18) compared to outfield patients (n = 20), albeit not significantly (0.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.3 ± 1.6 mm/year, p = 0.28). Overall, annual AAA growth in RT patients was lower compared to no-RT control patients (1.1 ± 1.5 vs. 1.8 ± 2.2 mm/year, p = 0.06) and significantly reduced compared to the reference cohort (1.1 ± 1.5 vs. 2.7 ± 2.1 mm/year, p < 0.001). The pattern of AAA growth reduction due to RT was corroborated in linear regression analyses correcting for initial AAA diameter. A further investigation with respect to dose-dependency of radiation effects on AAA growth, however, revealed no apparent association.

Conclusion
In this study, both infield and outfield radiation exposure were associated with reduced AAA growth. This finding warrants further investigation, both in a larger scale clinical cohort and on a molecular level.
Facial expressions of pain: the role of the serotonergic system
Authors: Kunz Miriam , Bär Karl-Jürgen , Karmann Anna J. , Wagner Gerd , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Although interest in the neurobiology of facial communication of pain has increased over the last decades, little is known about which neurotransmitter systems might be involved in regulating facial expressions of pain.

Objectives
We aim to investigate whether the serotonergic system (5-HT), which has been implicated in various aspects of pain processing as well as in behavioral response inhibition, might play a role in facial expressions of pain. Using acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) to manipulate 5-HT function, we examined its effects on facial and subjective pain responses.

Methods
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subject design, 27 participants received either an ATD or a control drink in two separate sessions. Approximately 5-h post-oral consumption, we assessed pain thresholds (heat, pressure) as well as facial and subjective responses to phasic heat pain. Moreover, situational pain catastrophizing and mood were assessed as affective state indicators.

Results
ATD neither influenced pain thresholds nor self-report ratings, nor catastrophizing or mood. Only facial responses were significantly affected by ATD. ATD led to a decrease in pain-indicative as well as in pain-non-indicative facial responses to painful heat, compared to the control condition.

Conclusions
Decrease in brain 5-HT synthesis via ATD significantly reduced facial responses to phasic heat pain; possibly due to (i) diminished disposition to display social behavior or due to (ii) decreased facilitation of excitatory inputs to the facial motor neuron.
Adjusting the range of cell–cell communication enables fine-tuning of cell fate patterns from checkerboard to engulfing
Authors: Schardt Simon , Fischer Sabine C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring development, spatio-temporal patterns ranging from checkerboard to engulfing occur with precise proportions of the respective cell fates. Key developmental regulators are intracellular transcriptional interactions and intercellular signaling. We present an analytically tractable mathematical model based on signaling that reliably generates different cell type patterns with specified proportions. Employing statistical mechanics, We derived a cell fate decision model for two cell types. A detailed steady state analysis on the resulting dynamical system yielded necessary conditions to generate spatially heterogeneous patterns. This allows the cell type proportions to be controlled by a single model parameter. Cell–cell communication is realized by local and global signaling mechanisms. These result in different cell type patterns. A nearest neighbor signal yields checkerboard patterns. Increasing the signal dispersion, cell fate clusters and an engulfing pattern can be generated. Altogether, the presented model allows us to reliably generate heterogeneous cell type patterns of different kinds as well as desired proportions.
Modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis have consistent directions of effect across diverse ethnic backgrounds: a nested case–control study in an English population-based cohort
Authors: Jacobs Benjamin M. , Tank Pooja , Bestwick Jonathan P. , Noyce Alastair J. , Marshall Charles R. , Mathur Rohini , Giovannoni Gavin , Dobson Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis is a leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability among young adults worldwide. Prior studies have identified modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis in cohorts of White ethnicity, such as infectious mononucleosis, smoking, and obesity during adolescence/early adulthood. It is unknown whether modifiable exposures for multiple sclerosis have a consistent impact on risk across ethnic groups.

Aim
To determine whether modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis have similar effects across diverse ethnic backgrounds.

Methods
We conducted a nested case–control study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Multiple sclerosis cases diagnosed from 2001 until 2022 were identified from electronic healthcare records and matched to unaffected controls based on year of birth. We used stratified logistic regression models and formal statistical interaction tests to determine whether the effect of modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis differed by ethnicity.

Results
We included 9662 multiple sclerosis cases and 118,914 age-matched controls. The cohort was ethnically diverse (MS: 277 South Asian [2.9%], 251 Black [2.6%]; Controls: 5043 South Asian [5.7%], 4019 Black [4.5%]). The age at MS diagnosis was earlier in the Black (40.5 [SD 10.9]) and Asian (37.2 [SD 10.0]) groups compared with White cohort (46.1 [SD 12.2]). There was a female predominance in all ethnic groups; however, the relative proportion of males was higher in the South Asian population (proportion of women 60.3% vs 71% [White] and 75.7% [Black]). Established modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis—smoking, obesity, infectious mononucleosis, low vitamin D, and head injury—were consistently associated with multiple sclerosis in the Black and South Asian cohorts. The magnitude and direction of these effects were broadly similar across all ethnic groups examined. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between ethnicity and any tested exposure, and no evidence to suggest that differences in area-level deprivation modifies these risk factor-disease associations. These findings were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions and relevance
Established modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis are applicable across diverse ethnic backgrounds. Efforts to reduce the population incidence of multiple sclerosis by tackling these risk factors need to be inclusive of people from diverse ethnicities.
Application of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-distress thermometer in pediatric patients during autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and relationship to blood parameters of the stress axis
Authors: Malaval Carmen Isolde , Cabanillas Stanchi Karin Melanie , Werle Dustin , Thiel Stefanie , Gansel Melanie , Lang Peter , Handgretinger Rupert , Svaldi Jennifer , Döring Michaela 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) are extremely stressful procedures for pediatric patients. The activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis (HPA) can influence the immune system negatively and therefore the overall outcome. The distress thermometer (DT) is an easy to use tool for the self-assessment of perceived distress.

Methods
In this prospective study, a DT with an attached problem list was used in 40 pediatric patients undergoing HSCT and in one parent of each patient. The patients were aged 10–18 years. The patients' cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were measured regularly during the in-patient stay.

Results
After admission to the hospital, the stress levels of the pediatric patients and their parents increased and reached their maximum on the day of HSCT. The overall stress values of the parents were higher than those of their children. There was a significant difference in the parents’ stress levels on the day of HSCT, as compared to their stress levels on other days. The mean cortisol values of the pediatric patients also increased after admission, reaching significant elevated levels above the upper normal limit 1 week after HSCT and on discharge day. Although the pediatric patients experienced mainly exhaustion, especially on the day of transplantation, their parents mainly felt worry and anxiety. Interestingly, the rate of worry among children increased in the post-transplant period and reached its maximum on the day of discharge.

Conclusions
In summary, a significantly increased stress level is shown for both the patients and their parents. This is reflected for the patients both in the DT scores and in the increased cortisol values. For the parents, the focus is primarily on worry and anxiety, for the patients primarily on exhaustion and worry.