bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of estimation of glomerular filtration rate by serum cystatin C as a predictor of diabetic kidney disease in both type I and type II diabetic patients: a single center study
Authors: Mansour Ahmed E. , Abdelmoniem Rasha O. , Elbadawy Ayman M. , Ibrahim Walaa M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic kidney disease is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease all over the world. The general recommendation for the subjects with DM is to perform kidney function as screening: in T1DM, 5 years after diagnosis, and in type 2, at the time of diagnosis. The early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease depends on the albumin excretion ratio; however, the albumin excretion ratio (AER) does not correlate with the severity and progression of the disease.

Methods
The subjects in this study included thirty patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were recruited from the outpatient clinic and inpatient in the Internal Medicine Department at Benha University Hospitals in the endocrinology unit from January 2022 to January 2023 as cases who were subground according to albuminuria into two groups (normoalbuminuria less than 30 mg/24 h urinary collection) and albuminuric group more than 30 mg/24 h urinary collection; all patients were subjected to thorough history including baseline characteristics, examination, and related laboratory investigations.

Results
Serum cystatin C level at a cutoff value of 82 was associated with sensitivity (81.4) and specificity (82.4), and it was negatively significantly correlated with BMI, duration of diabetes mellitus, albuminuria, blood urea, and serum creatinine, and it was positively significantly correlated with e-GFR creatinine.

Conclusion
Serum cystatin C can be used as an early marker of diabetic kidney disease in both type I and type II diabetic patients better than AER and serum creatinine.
High-Salt-Diet (HSD) aggravates the progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) via regulating epithelial necroptosis
Authors: Qi Jialong , Wang Jinli , Zhang Ying , Long Huan , Dong Liang , Wan Ping , Zuo Zan , Chen Wenjie , Song Zhengji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to its unclear etiology, there is no specific medicine to cure the recurrent and incurable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unhealthy dietary habits unconsciously contributed to the progression of IBD, for example a High-Salt-Diet (HSD) is the most neglected and frequently adopted habit. However, the molecular mechanism of how HSD aggravates the progression of IBD has yet to remain uncovered. Herein, we focus on the hypothesis that necroptosis pathway may be involved in the process of IBD exacerbated by HSD. To this end, different gene expression (DEGs) profiles of human epithelia under hypertonic culture conditions were applied to screen candidate pathways. What’s more, gene expression manipulation, immune microenvironment detection, RIPK3/MLKL gene knockout (KO), and wild-type (WT) mice were carried out to research the promotion of IBD progression under treatments of high salt intake. Based on our present results, gene expression profiles in human normal colon epithelia cell NCM460 were significantly changed under salt- or sucrose-induced hypertonic culture conditions. RIPK3 was significantly up-regulated under both conditions. Furthermore, mice colon epithelia cell CT26 growth was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner by extra NaCl incubation. Autophagy, and Necroptosis pathways were activated and enhanced by LPS pretreatment. HSD significantly exacerbated DSS-induced IBD symptoms in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, RIPK3-/- and MLKL-/- mice presented severe IBD symptoms in vivo. Overall, the results demonstrated that HSD aggravated the IBD progression via necroptosis activation, providing novel strategies and promising targets for the clinical treatment of IBD.
Improving Real-World Mortality Data Quality in Oncology Research: Augmenting Electronic Medical Records With Obituary, Social Security Death Index, and Commercial Claims Data
Authors: Shao Ping , Tepsick Jon G. , Walker Brigham , Ray Herman E. 
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE This study evaluated the relative improvements in mortality data capture of adding different external data to enriched electronic medical records (EMRs) for patients with melanoma. METHODS An enriched EMR database, containing structured and unstructured data, was used to evaluate the incremental mortality data capture of the following external data sources: Social Security Administration (SSA), public obituary, and an administrative open-claims database for the claims data set. Overall survival (OS) was assessed for each data set and the composite data set using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A total of 3,882 patients were included in the study. The enriched EMR data set identified 1,085 patients with a death record. The SSA data set identified 213 patients (73 unique when combined with enriched EMR) with a death record, while the obituary data set identified 1,127 patients (241 unique). The administrative claims data set identified 378 patients (73 unique) with a death record; however, all these unique patients were already accounted for in the combined SSA and obituary data set. The composite data set yielded a median OS of 13.39 years, about 4 years shorter than the enriched EMR data set alone (17.63 years). CONCLUSION When the enriched EMR data set was augmented with one external data set, the obituary data set provided the most additional value, followed by claims, and then SSA. The augmentation of all the data sources had a significant impact on the OS results compared with enriched EMR alone.
Effect of Metformin Versus Placebo on New Primary Cancers in Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.32: A Secondary Analysis of a Phase III Randomized Double-Blind Trial in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Goodwin Pamela J. , Chen Bingshu E. , Gelmon Karen A. , Whelan Timothy J. , Ennis Marguerite , Lemieux Julie , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Hershman Dawn L. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Hobday Timothy J. , Bliss Judith M. , Rastogi Priya , Rabaglio-Poretti Manuela , Thompson Alastair M. , Rea Daniel W. , Stos Paul M. , Shepherd Lois E. , Stambolic Vuk , Parulekar Wendy R. 
Published: September 2023

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned coprimary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical trial updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. Metformin has been associated with lower cancer risk in epidemiologic and preclinical research. In the MA.32 randomized adjuvant breast cancer trial, metformin ( v placebo) did not affect invasive disease-free or overall survival. Here, we report metformin effects on the risk of new cancer. Between 2010 and 2013, 3,649 patients with breast cancer younger than 75 years without diabetes with high-risk T1-3, N0-3 M0 breast cancer (any estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) were randomly assigned to metformin 850 mg orally twice a day or placebo twice a day for 5 years. New primary invasive cancers (outside the ipsilateral breast) developing as a first event were identified. Time to events was described by the competing risks method; two-sided likelihood ratio tests adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake were used to compare metformin versus placebo arms. A total of 184 patients developed new invasive cancers: 102 metformin and 82 placebo, hazard ratio (HR), 1.25; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.68; P = .13. These included 48 contralateral invasive breast cancers (27 metformin v 21 placebo), HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.27; P = .40 and 136 new nonbreast primary cancers (75 metformin v 61 placebo), HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.74; P = .21. Metformin did not reduce the risk of new cancer development in these nondiabetic patients with breast cancer.
The Limited Utility of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score as a Frailty Assessment Tool in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Covell Michael M. , Roy Joanna Mary , Rumalla Kavelin , Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , Kazim Syed Faraz , Hall Daniel E. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is an International Classification of Disease 10th Revision-based scale that was originally designed for, and validated in, the assessment of patients 75 years or older presenting in an acute care setting. This study highlights central tenets inherent to the concept of frailty; questions the logic behind, and utility of, HFRS' recent implementation in the neurosurgical literature; and discusses why there is no useful role for HFRS as a frailty-based neurosurgical risk assessment (FBNRA) tool.

METHODS:
The authors performed a systematic review of the literature per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including all cranial and spinal studies that used HFRS as their primary frailty tool. Seventeen (N = 17) studies used HFRS to assess frailty's impact on neurosurgical outcomes. Thirteen total journals, 10 of which were neurosurgical journals, including the highest impact factor journals, published the 17 papers.

RESULTS:
Increasing HFRS score was associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged length of stay (11 of 17 studies), nonroutine discharge (10 of 17 studies), and increased hospital costs (9 of 17 studies). Four different HFRS studies, of the 17, predicted one of the following 4 adverse outcomes: worse quality of life, worse functional outcomes, reoperation, or in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSION:
Despite its rapid acceptance and widespread proliferation through the leading neurosurgical journals, HFRS lacks any conceptual relationship to the frailty syndrome or FBNRA for individual patients. HFRS measures acute conditions using International Classification of Disease 10th Revision codes and awards “frailty” points for symptoms and examination findings unrelated to the impaired baseline physiological reserve inherent to the very definition of frailty. HFRS lacks clinical utility as it cannot be deployed point-of-care at the bedside to risk stratify patients. HFRS has never been validated in any patient population younger than 75 years or in any nonacute care setting. We recommend HFRS be discontinued as an individual FBNRA tool.
A novel perspective on the evolutionary loss of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase at the teleost gill
Authors: Harter Till S. , Smith Emma A. , Tresguerres Martin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The gills of most teleost fishes lack plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (paCA) that could participate in CO2 excretion. We tested the prevailing hypothesis that paCA would interfere with red blood cell (RBC) intracellular pH regulation by β-adrenergic sodium-proton exchangers (β-NHE) that protect pH-sensitive haemoglobin–oxygen (Hb–O2) binding during an acidosis. In an open system that mimics the gills, β-NHE activity increased Hb–O2 saturation during a respiratory acidosis in the presence or absence of paCA, whereas the effect was abolished by NHE inhibition. However, in a closed system that mimics the tissue capillaries, paCA disrupted the protective effects of β-NHE activity on Hb–O2 binding. The gills are an open system, where CO2 generated by paCA can diffuse out and is not available to acidifying the RBCs. Therefore, branchial paCA in teleosts may not interfere with RBC pH regulation by β-NHEs, and other explanations for the evolutionary loss of the enzyme must be considered.
Adenosine and γ-aminobutyric acid partially regulate metabolic and ventilatory responses of Damaraland mole-rats to acute hypoxia
Authors: Devereaux Maiah E. M. , Pamenter Matthew E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Fossorial Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) mount a robust hypoxic metabolic response (HMR) but a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) to acute hypoxia. Although these reflex physiological responses have been described previously, the underlying signalling pathways are entirely unknown. Of particular interest are contributions from γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system of most adult mammals, and adenosine, the accumulation of which increases during hypoxia as a breakdown product of ATP. Therefore, we hypothesized that GABAergic and/or adenosinergic signalling contributes to the blunted HVR and robust HMR in Damaraland mole-rats. To test this hypothesis, we injected adult animals with saline alone (controls), or 100 mg kg−1 aminophylline or 1 mg kg−1 bicuculline, to block adenosine or GABAA receptors, respectively. We then used respirometry, plethysmography and thermal RFID probes to non-invasively measure metabolic, ventilator and thermoregulatory responses, respectively, to acute hypoxia (1 h in 5 or 7% O2) in awake and freely behaving animals. We found that bicuculline had relatively minor effects on metabolism and thermoregulation but sensitized ventilation such that the HVR became manifest at 7% instead of 5% O2 and was greater in magnitude. Aminophylline increased metabolic rate, ventilation and body temperature in normoxia, and augmented the HMR and HVR. Taken together, these findings indicate that adenosinergic and GABAergic signalling play important roles in mediating the robust HMR and blunted HVR in Damaraland mole-rats.
Bioequivalence assessment of two Ticagrelor formulations under fasting condition in healthy Pakistani subjects
Authors: Hashmi Naghma , Jawaid Masood , Raza Shah Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the Bioequivalence of Anplag® 90mg (Ticagrelor) tablet and Brilinta® 90 mg (Ticagrelor) tablet under fasting conditions in healthy Pakistani subjects.
Method: This was an open-label, cross-over, randomized, single-dose, two-period, single-center Bioequivalence Study conducted at Center of Bioequivalence Studies and Clinical Research (CBSCR), ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan from September 2020 to January 2021. This was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, cross-over Bioequivalence Study. After randomization, a single dose of Ticagrelor 90mg tablet (test or reference drug) were administered orally in 1:1 ratio to each subject under fasting conditions. Seven days washout period was kept between the two periods in order to avoid carry over. Blood samples were then taken up to 48th hours post-dose. Point estimates and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of the log-transformed values were calculated. Bioequivalence assessment of both, the reference and the test drugs were based on the primary Pharmacokinetic PK metrics including peak maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) from zero to last quantifiable concentration (AUClast), and AUC from zero to infinity (AUCtotal) after log-transformation of data with ANOVA. In this bioequivalence study, the primary pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed for both Ticagrelor and its Active Metabolite (AR-C124910XX). Safety endpoints were evaluated by monitoring adverse events (AEs).
Results: The 90% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of the Geometric Mean Ratio for primary PK parameters including Cmax, AUClast, and AUCtotal all were within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80%- 125%. In the current study, no serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the two tested formulations of Ticagrelor tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04941196.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8203
How to cite this: Hashmi N, Jawaid M, Shah MR. Bioequivalence assessment of two Ticagrelor formulations under fasting condition in healthy Pakistani subjects. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.8203
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
NCBench: providing an open, reproducible, transparent, adaptable, and continuous benchmark approach for DNA-sequencing-based variant calling
Authors: Hanssen Friederike , Gabernet Gisela , Smith Nicholas H. , Mertes Christian , Neogi Avirup Guha , Brandhoff Leon , Ossowski Anna , Altmueller Janine , Becker Kerstin , Petzold Andreas , Sturm Marc , Stöcker Tyll , Sivalingam Sugirthan , Brand Fabian , Schmidt Axel , Buness Andreas , Probst Alexander J. , Motameny Susanne , Köster Johannes 
Published: September 2023

We present the results of the human genomic small variant calling benchmarking initiative of the German Research Foundation (DFG) funded Next Generation Sequencing Competence Network (NGS-CN) and the German Human Genome-Phenome Archive (GHGA). In this effort, we developed NCBench, a continuous benchmarking platform for the evaluation of small genomic variant callsets in terms of recall, precision, and false positive/negative error patterns. NCBench is implemented as a continuously re-evaluated open-source repository. We show that it is possible to entirely rely on public free infrastructure (Github, Github Actions, Zenodo) in combination with established open-source tools. NCBench is agnostic of the used dataset and can evaluate an arbitrary number of given callsets, while reporting the results in a visual and interactive way. We used NCBench to evaluate over 40 callsets generated by various variant calling pipelines available in the participating groups that were run on three exome datasets from different enrichment kits and at different coverages. While all pipelines achieve high overall quality, subtle systematic differences between callers and datasets exist and are made apparent by NCBench.These insights are useful to improve existing pipelines and develop new workflows. NCBench is meant to be open for the contribution of any given callset. Most importantly, for authors, it will enable the omission of repeated re-implementation of paper-specific variant calling benchmarks for the publication of new tools or pipelines, while readers will benefit from being able to (continuously) observe the performance of tools and pipelines at the time of reading instead of at the time of writing.
The influence of gerrymandering on abortion policy in the United States
Authors: Niven David 
Published: September 2023

Background: When the U.S. Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) overruled a five-decade old precedent and gave states the unfettered power to regulate or ban abortion, it did so while proclaiming the decision would return power over the issue to the people, and that women specifically were not without political influence to shape policies. Nowhere amid such language about the power of the people does the Court decision acknowledge the capacity for biased legislative district maps (i.e., gerrymandering) to influence resulting policies. Methods: Here I consider the state-level relationship between gerrymandering and abortion policy using logistic regression that controls for several variables including statewide public opinion, religion, and the number of women legislators. Data on abortion rules are derived from the Guttmacher Institute’s database as of January 1, 2023. Data on gerrymandering scores for each legislative map are derived from the Campaign Legal Center. Results: I find that states with a pro-Republican gerrymander were considerably more likely to impose a pre-viability abortion ban in 2023. Across the 50 states, the logistic regression results suggest an increase in the odds of an abortion ban by more than 40 times as a result of a pro-Republican legislative map gerrymander. Notably, a pre-viability abortion ban is in place in nine of the 10 states where public opinion favors abortion rights but where the legislative map is biased toward Republicans. Conclusions: The influence of mapmakers over the resulting policy clouds the Court’s sanguine assertions of the public’s influence and women’s political agency over this issue.
Changes in density level and mangrove land cover on Teluk Pandan Coast, Lampung, Indonesia, after 10 years of community-based management
Authors: HASANI QADAR , ANISA AYU , DAMAI ABDULLAH AMAN , YULIANA DARMA , YUDHA INDRA GUMAY , JULIAN DAVID 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Hasani Q, Anisa A, Damai AA, Yuliana D, Yudha IG, Julian D. 2023. Changes in density level and mangrove land cover on Teluk Pandan Coast, Lampung, Indonesia, after 10 years of community-based management. Biodiversitas 24: 3735-3742. The mangrove ecosystem in the Teluk Pandan coastal area, Pesawaran District, Lampung Province, Indonesia, is part of the mega-biodiversity of mangroves in Indonesia. Specifically, the mangrove in this region has changed due to tourism, aquaculture, settlement activities and coastal abrasion. This study aimed to assess the changes in density level and area change of the mangrove forests at five coastal villages in Teluk Pandan during the period of community management from 2010 to 2020. The effort and success of the rehabilitation were reported in this study can be useful as a consideration of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystem both in Lampung and in other areas in Indonesia. Mangrove area was estimated through field surveys and data processing of satellite imagery from Landsat 5 in 2010 and Landsat 8 in 2020. The mangrove density level and area change were calculated by layering images of mangrove distribution from different years. The classification of mangrove density was determined based on the NDVI value. Satellite imagery was compared with field data collected from 20 observation points at five villages to ensure the density level and interpretation accuracy. Image data analysis showed the changes in mangrove area from 109.80 ha in 2010, an increase of 16.39% to 127.80 ha in 2020. The area of mangrove forest in the rare category decreased by 49.35%, the moderate category increased by 39.13%, and the dense category increased by 109.71%. The study confirmed the successful effort to manage and preserve mangroves in Teluk Pandan Sub-district. Eventually, community-based mangrove management (CBMM) and cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder management (co-management) has become the core strategy in the successful management of mangrove at five coastal villages in Teluk Pandan Sub-district.