bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eruptive YSOs in Cygnus-X: a mid-infrared variability study with NEOWISE and spicy
Authors: Morris C , Guo Z , Lucas P W , Miller N , Contreras Peña C , Kuhn M A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The mass accretion process controls pre-main-sequence evolution, although its intrinsic instability has yet to be fully understood, especially towards the protostellar stage. In this work, we have undertaken a thorough examination of the mid-infrared (MIR) variability of Spitzer-selected young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Cygnus-X star-forming region over the last decade, using the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer time series. This work compares two groups of young stars: embedded Class I objects, and the more evolved flat-spectrum/Class II sources. We report on 48 candidate eruptive variables within these groups, including 14 with characteristics that resemble the photometric behaviour of FUors. We also include an additional 20 YSOs, which are of a less certain categorization. We find the candidate FUors to be an order of magnitude more common among the younger Class I systems than more evolved objects. A large number of the identified short-duration eruptive YSOs display MIR colour behaviour that is redder-when-brighter, which contrasts with optically bright outbursts seen in YSOs. Finally, we note the unusual long-term rising behaviours of four Class I YSOs, with rise time-scales longer than 5 yr, which is far slower than $\sim$6–12 month time-scale for the majority of optically discovered FUors. Additionally, our broader investigation of MIR variability for embedded Class I YSOs shows that there is a higher incidence of high-amplitude variability for these stars, than is seen in Class II sources. This holds true for all variable Class I YSOs, not just the eruptive sources.
Imaging Biomarker Studies of Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia in China: Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Qiu Changjian , Lui Su 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Identifying biomarkers at onset and specifying the progression over the early course of schizophrenia is critical for better understanding of illness pathophysiology and providing novel information relevant to illness prognosis and treatment selection. Studies of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia in China are making contributions to this goal.

Study Design
A review was conducted for how antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients were identified and studied, the investigated biological measures, with a focus on neuroimaging, and how they extend the understanding of schizophrenia regarding the illness-related brain abnormality, treatment effect characterization and outcome prediction, and subtype discovery and patient stratification, in comparison to findings from western populations. Finally, how biomarker studies should be conducted in the future was also discussed.

Study Results
Gray matter reduction has been most robust within temporo-frontal regions and cerebellum, whereas altered brain function has been most pronounced in cerebello-cortical connections and default mode network, each might be related to long-standing illness alterations and acute physiological alterations at measurement. By studying untreated patients, the progressive alterations in temporal and frontal regions and enlargements in bilateral putamen were found more likely effects of illness, not just treatment. Some of these changes were found with potential to predict clinical outcomes and differentiate biologically patient subgroups.

Conclusions
Mostly with data-driven approaches, the studies from China are helping identify candidate imaging biomarkers in schizophrenia that are related to early-stage illness, treatment effects, and biological subgroup differentiation. Future work is needed to translate these biomarkers for clinical application.
Impact of Sexual Intercourse on Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hou Jin-Wei , Yuan Li-Hua , Cao Xian-Ling , Song Jing-Yan , Sun Zhen-Gao 
Published: January 2025

(Abstracted from Contracept Reprod Med 2023;8:19
Spontaneous conception relies on many factors, one of which is the presence of seminal fluid inducing an immune response that assists pregnancy. This process, however, has not been studied in the context of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and assessed as to whether sexual intercourse is beneficial to the outcome.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Low Back Pain
Authors: Cheng Mei , Xue Yinkai , Cui Min , Zeng Xianlin , Yang Cao , Ding Fan , Xie Lin 
Published: January 2025

Study Design.
This was an observational study.

Objective.
Assessing the global burden of disease for low back pain (LBP) using the 2021 GBD (Global Burden of Disease) database.

Summary of Background Data.
LBP is a leading cause of workforce loss and disability. With societal aging and changes in lifestyle and work habits, the incidence of LBP is expected to rise. This study comprehensively analyzes the epidemiological trends of global LBP from 1990 to 2021.

Methods.
Data publicly available from the 2021 GBD study were utilized, and a systematic analysis was conducted to assess the global burden and epidemiological trends of LBP.

Results.
From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) rates of LBP have slightly declined globally. However, the number of affected individuals, new cases, and YLD numbers have significantly increased, making LBP a leading cause of YLD in 2021. The number of affected individuals increases with age, peaking in both men and women between the ages of 50 and 54. Worldwide, women have a higher prevalence of LBP than men, and this increases with age, with both genders reaching peak prevalence between 80 and 84 years in 2021. Overall, over the past 3 decades, age-standardized YLD rates have shown a positive correlation with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In terms of region and nation, Tropical Latin America and Kingdom of Sweden have seen the greatest increase in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2021.

Conclusion.
Globally, LBP remains a notable public health concern, carrying a consistently high burden. To alleviate the future impact of this disease, it is imperative to increase public awareness regarding its risk factors and to implement preventive measures.
Challenges of Contemporary Practice: Internists Maintaining Competency in Multiple Specialties
Authors: Weiner Jason J. , Durning Steven J. , Wildermuth Anne 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Despite increasing physician specialization, high-quality continuing professional development is needed for continual mastery learning, especially focused on multiple specialties. Board certification is considered a surrogate for competency, and some stakeholders consider it suboptimally aligned with its primary purpose. We set to explore the motivation for continued education and competence in physicians who are board certified in multiple specialties.

Methods:
We performed a qualitative study using thematic analysis. Semistructured interviews were performed virtually. Landscapes of practice, an extension of communities of practice within sociocultural learning theory, was used as a theoretical framework.

Results:
Fifteen internists and their related subspecialties performing continual board certification completed the study. We identified six themes describing the underlying motivation for why physicians maintain competency in multiple medical specialties: Social responsibility, Promise of expertise, Enhanced job opportunities, Widened expertise, Professional requirements, and Personal fulfillment.

Discussion:
The landscape of medicine continues to evolve in how it is practiced. How a physician navigates this process, maintaining their competency, is a continuous lifelong learning process, and there are multiple ways. A portion of internal medicine physicians are motivated to practice in multiple specialties, recognizing the opportunities and challenges involved. The practical application of this study would include organizational-based education focused on hybrid learning (education explicitly focusing on overlapping or cross-discipline fields). Despite a plethora of educational opportunities, there is very little with the focus on cross-discipline education and training.
Separation Surgery Followed by Conformal Postoperative Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Does Not Increase Risk of Adjacent Spine Level Progression in the Management of Spine Metastases
Authors: Strong Michael J. , Linzey Joseph R. , Goethe Peyton , Kathawate Varun , Tudrick Lila , Lee Johan , Ogunsola Oludotun , Zaki Mark M. , Ward Ayobami L. , Willet Noah , Joshi Rushikesh S. , Muhlestein Whitney , Saadeh Yamaan S. , North Robert Y. , Evans Joseph R. , Szerlip Nicholas J. , Jackson William C. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
To determine if piecemeal separation surgery, in conjunction with smaller treatment volumes utilized with spine stereotactic radiation therapy (S-SBRT), increased the risk of adjacent level progression (ALP).

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of adult spine oncologic patients who underwent SBRT to the spine at University of Michigan from 2010 to 2021. We compared ALP in patients undergoing SBRT who had pretreatment surgery with those who did not.

Results:
Four hundred and ninety-eight treatment sites were identified in 417 patients. Of these, 366 (73.5%) were treated with SBRT alone and 132 (26.5%) were treated with surgery followed by S-SBRT. Patients treated with SBRT alone were significantly older (63.3 y) compared with the surgery plus SBRT group (60.2 y; P=0.02). More radiosensitive histologies were treated with SBRT alone (34%) compared with 11% for the surgery plus SBRT group (P<0.001). Lesions treated in the surgery plus SBRT group had significantly more severe metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (65%) compared with the SBRT only group (8%) (P<0.001). Both infield progression (9.3% vs. 7.6%; P=0.43) and ALP (21.3% vs. 18.9%; P=0.37) were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:
Spine oncology patients treated with surgery followed by conformal postoperative S-SBRT had similar infield and ALP compared with patients receiving SBRT alone, suggesting that piecemeal separation surgery does not locally spread tumor cells, leading to an increased risk of ALP failure, and supporting the use of conformal postoperative S-SBRT.
Analysis of Research Waste in Phase III/IV Randomized Controlled Trials of Botulinum Toxin Type A
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Chang Shih-Jen , Zheng Yuanyang , Zhou Yanchun , Sun Bin , Hua Chen , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) outcomes of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) to actual patient care faces a significant hurdle due to research waste (RW). This includes the results of RCTs that have not been published even 4 years after completion and those with insufficiently reported outcomes and design flaws. The prevalence of RW within BoNT-A-associated RCTs remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the extent of RW (non-publication, insufficient reporting, and design flaws) in BoNT-A RCTs.

METHODS
The authors searched the ClinicalTrials using ‘botulinum toxin type A’ as the keyword. They verified the publication status through PubMed and Scopus searches. The adequacy of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist, while design limitations were evaluated based on the risk of bias and systematic reviews.

RESULTS
Two hundred twenty-eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria for characteristics presentation. The RW analysis omitted 53 RCTs completed after June 2020, which remained unpublished. Of the 175 RCTs assessed, 98 were published, 71 demonstrated adequate reporting, and 25 had design limitations. Altogether, 118 RCTs (67.4%) exhibited at least 1 trait of RW. Multicenter designs and registrations post-2014 were independent protective factors against RW.

CONCLUSION
Within the 175 RCTs included in RW analysis, 67.4% of the studies presented some form of RW. The varied characteristics of the identified RW indicators offer essential insights for more rational planning of future BoNT-A RCTs.
A novel uterine-preserving surgical technique for placenta accreta spectrum from Jakarta’s National Accreta Center: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Purwosunu Yuditiya , Rumondang Amanda , Dilmy Muhammad A.F. , Saroyo Yudianto B. , Muskitta Nathalia I. , Siagian Natan K.P. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Placenta accreta spectrum is a significant life-threatening condition due to massive bleeding. Jakarta’s National Accreta Center has developed a novel uterine-preserving surgical technique called Jakarta Surgical Uterine Conservation as an alternative to hysterectomy. This study describes this novel technique and compares its perioperative outcomes with those of a standard hysterectomy.

Methods:
This novel and original surgical technique for conserving the uterus when managing placenta accreta spectrum used only a one-step surgery with one incision, followed by a U-shaped application for uterine reconstruction. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with placenta accreta spectrum who underwent the Jakarta Surgical Uterine Conservation technique or standard hysterectomy between January 2015 and December 2021. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to compare the perioperative outcome comparisons between the two groups. The crude odds ratio was then calculated.

Results:
The two groups’ baseline demographic characteristics and risk factors were similar. The operation duration was shorter (odds ratio [OR] 5.085, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.225–11.622, P < 0.001), and the risk of intensive care unit admission decreased (OR, 2.345; 95% CI, 1.184–4.647, P = 0.013) with the Jakarta Surgical Uterine Conservation technique compared to a standard hysterectomy.

Conclusion:
The Jakarta Surgical Uterine Conservation technique can be used to manage placenta accreta spectrum. It also shortens the operative duration and decreases the risk of ICU admission.
Comparison of Kinetic, Automated, Tangent Screen, and Novel Disposable Perimetry for the Evaluation of Dermatochalasis and Blepharoptosis
Authors: Rebollo Nicole P. , Hwang Catherine J. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To compare a novel disposable ptosis visual field device to conventional perimetry devices for the evaluation of dermatochalasis and/or blepharoptosis.

Methods:
Forty patients from a single academic center participated in this prospective, observational study. Patients with dermatochalasis (skin resting on the eyelashes) and/or blepharoptosis (marginal reflex distance 1 ≤2 mm) were included. Each subject underwent untaped and taped perimetry using 4 visual field devices in random order: Goldmann visual field (GVF), automated Humphrey visual field (HVF), tangent screen (TS), and the novel visual field device (NVF). One eye was randomly selected, and McNemar tests and paired t tests were used to establish comparisons between devices.

Results:
The mean difference between untaped and taped central perimetry (in °) in the GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS was 26.5° ± 14.0°, 12.4° ± 8.5°, 9.6° ± 6.5°, and 9.6° ± 5.8°. The novel device detected a mean 2.9° greater difference than both the HVF (p = 0.083) and the TS (p = 0.062). The GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS detected a ≥12° difference in 90%, 50%, 39%, and 32.5% of eyes, respectively. The GVF detected a mean 14.1° greater difference than the novel device (p < 0.001). The GVF, NVF, HVF, and TS detected a ≥30% superior field occlusion in 98%, 73%, 55%, and 50% of eyes, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the ability of the NVF to detect a >12° difference or ≥30% superior field restriction compared with HVF or TS.

Conclusions:
The NVF is as reliable as the commonly used HVF and TS for the evaluation of visual obstruction due to blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis. The GVF is more sensitive than the other 3 devices. The novel disposable visual field device could allow for virtual visual field testing.
Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Distance from Haptic to Principal Object Plane
Authors: Eom Youngsub , Yang Seul Ki , Woo Minji , Kim Jae-Ik , Choi Kwang Eon , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Hwa , Suh Young-Woo , Song Jong Suk , Cooke David L 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of the distance from the most-anterior surface of the optic to the principal object plane (POP) and from the foremost haptic to the principal object plane (H-POP) on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Setting:
A tertiary hospital.

Design:
Optical simulation and retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The optical simulation study plotted changes in the POP and H-POP as a function of IOL power using ICB00 IOL configuration data. The clinical study included 102 eyes of 102 patients implanted with ICB00 IOL to examine the correlation between changes in both the POP and the H-POP, and the prediction error calculated using the Barrett Universal II formula with varying IOL power.

Results:
The ICB00 IOL showed minor fluctuations in the POP (0.21 mm to 0.30 mm) with changing IOL power. The H-POP increased stepwise from 5.0 D, peaking at 0.60 mm at 16.0 D, then decreased to a minimum of 0.14 mm at 34.0 D. The prediction error graph primarily mirrored the pattern of changes in the H-POP rather than the POP with varying IOL power. Linear regression showed a significant myopic shift in prediction error as IOL power increased beyond 16.0 D (Y = –0.069X+1.420, R2=0.178, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
For the ICB00 IOL, the H-POP has more impact on IOL power calculation than the POP itself. For more accurate IOL power calculations, it is essential for all IOL manufacturers to provide comprehensive information on both optic and haptic geometries, which will enable the precise calculation of H-POP.
Influence of Fluid Intake on Biophysical Properties of the Stratum Corneum in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Amalia Rhida Sarly , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia , Nilasari Hanny , Sunardi Diana 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Water plays a crucial role in human health. Inadequate water intake can lead to various health issues, particularly dehydration in the elderly. The skin, constituting approximately 30.0% of the body’s surface area, is essential in preventing dehydration, and water contributes significantly to its resilience, elasticity, and durability. This study aimed to establish a definitive relationship between fluid intake and various biophysical properties of the stratum corneum in elderly Individuals.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 65–80 years at the Elderly Social Institution Tresna Budi Mulia 3 in Jakarta, between April and August 2023. Correlation analysis (Pearson and Spearman tests) was used to evaluate relationships between variables, and non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney and Friedman tests) were used to assess differences. Fluid intake was assessed over 7 days. On the 8th day, the hydration status of the stratum corneum was evaluated by examining their urine concentration, skin dryness through subjective symptoms, skin water loss based on the rate of water evaporation from the skin, and skin capacitance (SCap) according to the skin’s ability to retain moisture.

Results:
The study involved 67 subjects with a median age of 70 years. Multiple regression analysis showed that fluid intake significantly predicted the specified symptom sum score (SRRC) (coefficient = −9.15 × 10⁻5, P = 0.001), urine specific gravity (coefficient = −0.01, P = 0.016), and SCap (coefficient = 0.005, P = 0.022). Additionally, a statistically significant weak negative correlation was found between fluid intake and hydration status (P < 0.0001) and between fluid intake and SRRC (P < 0.0001). However, no significant correlation was observed between fluid intake and transepidermal water loss (P = 0.613) or SCap (P = 0.060).

Conclusion:
This study highlights the potential role of fluid intake in influencing hydration status among elderly individuals. While fluid intake is significantly associated with certain biophysical properties of the skin, it does not show a consistent correlation with all measures of skin hydration and moisture retention.
The use of continuous remimazolam and propofol for procedural sedation and analgesia during colonoscopy: A case series
Authors: Koch Rebecca , Coenen Wouter , Bisseling Tanya , Vaneker Michiel , van Eijk Lucas , Bruhn Jörgen 
Published: January 2025

Rationale and patient concerns:
Propofol is the most frequently used sedative for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA). However, side effects are cardiovascular and respiratory depression and pain on injection. Remimazolam is equally effective as propofol with improved hemodynamic stability and less respiratory depression and not painful on injection. However, propofol achieves a deeper level of sedation, suggesting that the addition of propofol to remimazolam may combine the best of both worlds. Continuous administration of remimazolam for PSA during colonoscopy has never been described. Here, we evaluate 11 cases in which the combination of continuous remimazolam and propofol with alfentanil is used for PSA during colonoscopy.

Diagnoses and interventions:
Eleven patients received intravenous remimazolam to induce sedation, followed by continuous infusion at varying rates to maintain sedation. A low dose of propofol was also administered, along with boluses of alfentanil for analgesia during the procedure.

Outcomes:
The combination of remimazolam, propofol, and alfentanil resulted in adequate sedation depth, quick emergence from sedation, and 100% amnesia for the procedure. Patients and physicians expressed high satisfaction with the approach. Vital signs were stable during the procedure, with minimal instances of decreased blood pressure and no significant oxygen desaturations. The combination of sedatives showed potential benefits, but further investigation through randomized controlled trials is necessary to confirm its advantages.

Lessons:
Continuous administration of remimazolam, propofol, and alfentanil during colonoscopy appears to be a promising option for PSA, offering effective sedation with relatively low risk of adverse effects.
Urinary Incontinence in Primary Care—The Gap Between Recommendations and Real World
Authors: Geynisman-Tan Julia , Cherupally Manisha , Alexandria Shaina J. , Brown Tiffany , Collins Sarah , Mathews Ashley , Pedamallu Havisha , Kenton Kimberly S. , Persell Stephen D. 
Published: January 2025

(Abstracted from Urogynecology 2024;30:765–773
Lower urinary tract symptoms appear in a large percentage of women at some point in their lives, and represent a significant burden in health care and quality of life. Recent studies have reported this prevalence as high as 45% for urinary incontinence (UI) and 20% for pelvic floor disorders.