bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concepts and laws applicable to hybrid threats, with a special focus on Europe
Authors: Sanz-Caballero Susana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the consequences of the lack of definition of so-called hybrid threats is explored. Special attention was paid to the importance of the work already completed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the European Union (EU) regarding the ever evolving types of actions associated with hybrid threats in the so called grey zone. The latter can be thought of as activities undertaken by one state that are harmful to another, albeit not legal acts of war, sometimes referred to as a malevolent manifestation of the concept of peace. The vastly different experiences of democratic and authoritarian states acting in the grey zone was also examined. In addition, the law applicable to hybrid threats was studied to determine if the legal framework is sufficiently adapted to repel state-sponsored and non-state-sponsored hybrid threats. In addition, the use of the European Convention on Human Rights in the struggle against hybrid threats in Europe and the limits to how state parties can react to hybrid threats established by this treaty was analysed. Lastly, the international rules of attribution of responsibility and difficulties associated with their application with respect to hybrid threats was considered. This article is structured in two parts. The first part explores the difficulty of defining hybrid threats, while the second presents the legal framework used to counter such threats, both at the international and European levels.
Managing co-presence with a wave of the hand
Authors: Siitonen Pauliina , Helisten Marika , Siromaa Maarit , Rauniomaa Mirka , Holmström Mari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The article examines naturally-occuring video-mediated breaks from work as social activity and focuses on the use
of waving gestures in their openings and closings. Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis as a research method and recorded
virtual breaks of two work communities in Finland as data, the study shows that, contrary to openings and closings in a physical
breakroom at the workplace, waving ‘hello’ or ‘goodbye’ is a prevalent practice in video-mediated break openings and closings. By
waving their hand(s), which is typically accompanied by a verbal greeting or farewell, participants make their own arrival or
departure, or their orientation to the arrival or departure of someone else, visible and explicit. Thus, waving facilitates the
management of co-presence in technology-mediated encounters. Further, by waving in conjunction with other upgraded features of
openings and closings, participants engage in important relationship maintenance work during their encounter.
Spin textures induced in n-doped solid electrolytes
Authors: Maznichenko I V , Buczek P , Mertig I , Ostanin S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A strongly insulating solid-state electrolyte may become conducting upon n-doping. On the basis of ab initio calculations, we demonstrate how the charge-to-spin conversion takes place in Li-doped lithium tantalate. Due to an excess of electrons induced by each Li dopant, the low-conduction 5d band of the nearest Ta shifts down and crosses the Fermi level. The band structure of the doped material displays its spin polarization, whilst the relatively large spin–orbit coupling stimulates the spin textures. Additionally, we anticipate that spin-orbitronic effects may be generated by the charge current via n-doped solid-state electrolytes.
Time-dependent axial fluid model of the Hall thruster discharge and its plume
Authors: Poli D , Bello-Benítez E , Fajardo P , Ahedo E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One-dimensional axial models of a Hall thruster give a good qualitative picture of the main physical phenomena in the discharge with small computational effort. Time-dependent models, in particular, are widely used for the analysis of low-frequency axial oscillations (i.e. the breathing mode). The standard time-dependent three-fluid model found in the literature is here enhanced by extending the physical domain beyond the cathodic surface into the far plume, and improving the modeling of some physical phenomena. A suite of five models is presented in this work with an increasing complexity of added physics; the most complete version accounting for ion and neutral energy evolution equations along with the partial inclusion of electron inertia. The added physics has a non negligible impact on both the dynamics of the breathing mode and the time-averaged response of the plasma. In particular, it is found that the onset of the instability is sensitive to both the level of modeled physics and the operational parameters. In some cases, the strong breathing mode oscillations can result in a weak plasma attachment to the anode, leading to the collapse of the normal anode sheath and to the subsequent failure of the model.
Statistical laws of a one-dimensional model of turbulent flows subject to an external random force
Authors: Tsuji Yuta , Sakajo Takashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper provides mathematical and numerical analysis of a one-dimensional model of turbulent flow generating the anomalous cascade of the inviscid conserved quantity. The model is based on the generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda–DeGregorio (gCLMG) equation with viscous dissipation under a large-scale forcing. Suppose that the forcing function and the initial data are random variables defined on a certain probability space. Then, the equation is regarded as a random partial differential equation. We prove the global existence of a unique solution to the gCLMG equation, from which a stochastic process is defined. In addition, by approximating the solutions numerically by Galerkin approximation of random variables with generalized polynomial chaos, we confirm the existence of a steady distribution. We find that the steady distribution reproduces qualitatively the same cascades of the energy and the enstrophy spectra as those of a turbulent flow generated by randomly moving pulse (Matsumoto and Sakajo 2016 Phys. Rev. E 93 053101). We also investigate the structure functions, showing intermittency.
Noise detection with spectator qubits and quantum feature engineering
Authors: Youssry Akram , Paz-Silva Gerardo A , Ferrie Christopher 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Designing optimal control pulses that drive a noisy qubit to a target state is a challenging and crucial task for quantum engineering. In a situation where the properties of the quantum noise affecting the system are dynamic, a periodic characterization procedure is essential to ensure the models are updated. As a result, the operation of the qubit is disrupted frequently. In this paper, we propose a protocol that addresses this challenge by making use of a spectator qubit to monitor the noise in real-time. We develop a machine-learning-based quantum feature engineering approach for designing the protocol. The complexity of the protocol is front-loaded in a characterization phase, which allow real-time execution during the quantum computations. We present the results of numerical simulations that showcase the favorable performance of the protocol.
CMB and Lyman-α constraints on dark matter decays to photons
Authors: Capozzi Francesco , Ferreira Ricardo Z. , Lopez-Honorez Laura , Mena Olga 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDark matter energy injection in the early universe modifies both the ionization history and the temperature of the intergalactic medium. In this work, we improve the CMB bounds on sub-keV dark matter and extend previous bounds from Lyman-α observations to the same mass range, resulting in new and competitive constraints on axion-like particles (ALPs) decaying into two photons. The limits depend on the underlying reionization history, here accounted self-consistently by our modified version of the publicly availableDarkHistoryandCLASScodes. Future measurements such as the ones from the CMB-S4 experiment may play a crucial, leading role in the search for this type of light dark matter candidates.
Fuel desorption from JET-ILW materials: assessment of analytical approach and identification of sources of uncertainty and discrepancy
Authors: Zayachuk Y. , Jepu I. , Zlobinski M. , Porosnicu C. , Catarino N. , Pajuste E. , Petersson P. , Dittrich L. , Coad J.P. , Grigore E. , Postolache C. , Alves E. , Kizane G. , Rubel M. , Widdowson A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work was carried out to identify sources of errors, uncertainties and discrepancies in studies of fuel retention in wall components from the JET tokamak using methods based on thermal desorption. Parallel aims were to establish good practices in measurements and to unify procedures in data handling. A comprehensive program designed for deuterium quantification comprised the definition and preparation of two types of materials (samples of JET limiter Be tiles and deuterium-containing targets produced in the laboratory by magnetron-assisted deposition), their pre-characterization, quantitative analyses of the desorption products in three different thermal desorption spectroscopy systems and a detailed critical comparison of the results. Tritium levels were also determined by several techniques in samples from JET and in tritiated targets manufactured specifically for this research program. Facilities available for studies of Be- and tritium-contaminated materials from JET are presented. Apparatus development, future research options and challenges are discussed.
A global time series dataset to facilitate forest greenhouse gas reporting
Authors: Gorelick Noel , Yang Zhiqiang , Arévalo Paulo , Bullock Eric L , Insfrán Katherin Patricia , Healey Sean P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have developed a version of the Continuous Change Detection and Classification algorithm within the Google Earth Engine environment. It has been used with 20 years of Landsat data (1999–2019) to produce a new, publicly available global dataset of pre-computed time series break points and harmonic coefficients. We present results from regional use cases demonstrating classification and change detection with this new dataset and compare them to other temporal compositing techniques. Our results demonstrate that gains in overall accuracy using CCDC may be small on a yearly basis, but they are consistent, and improvements in temporal coherence—correctly detecting land use transitions and temporal trends—can be significant. These improvements can translate into better estimates of land use change activity and reduce the uncertainty in the greenhouse gas emissions estimates in REDD+ reporting.
Seed conservation of Begonia spp. from West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Lailaty I Q , Suhendri Y , Efendi M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBegoniacollections in Indonesian Botanic Gardens are a source of germplasm for ornamental plants, foods, and future medicinal plants. Seed exploration activity was focused on the West Sumatra area to increase the representation ofBegoniacollections at the Indonesian Botanic Gardens’s Seed Bank. It will accommodate collection numbers and genetic variation. The purpose of this study was to collect seeds and living collections of the SumatranBegoniaspecies, mainly from West Sumatra. Beside that, this study aimed to identify the storage characteristics ofBegoniaseeds in the Seed Bank. The research method was carried out exploratory and investigated in several districts of West Sumatra. From the explorations, we collected 27 species ofBegoniasfrom five districts, namely Solok, Sijunjung, Tanah Datar, Lima Puluh Kota, and West Pasaman. The mostBegoniaspecies were found in Solok Regency (25%). We found thoseBegoniasin the vegetative and generative phases. About 76.67% of the plants found produce flowers. Some plants were producing fruit (60%).Begoniahabitat is generally a humid area (karst cliffs, caves, streams, forest floors and wet rocks). Furthermore, the characteristics of 30Begonias, types of seeds, and its storage, also associated plants aroundBegoniawill be described in this paper.
Increased cocoa production due to organic fertilizer application
Authors: Sinaga A , Jambang N , Hakim L , Amisnaipa  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the ways to increase the production of cocoa pods is by applying fertilizer. Fertilization using organic materials is an option for fertilizing cocoa plants. This study aimed at determining the magnitude of the increase in cocoa fruit production with the application of organic fertilizer. The research location was in Prafi Subdistrict, which is a subdistrict that has a cocoa plant development area, carried out from January to December 2019. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer on cocoa plants by 10 tons ha-1 could increase the number of cocoa pods by 296, 10 % compared to control plants. In addition, the results showed that there is a strong correlation between the number of wet beans and the number of dry cocoa beans with a coefficient value of 0.98.
Using NPK fertilizer on several soybean mutant in sub-optimal land
Authors: Zuyasna  , Mayani Nanda , Maulina Dara , Iriani Farida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Soybean is one of the important crops and is much needed by people in Indonesia. Most soybean needs in Indonesia are still imported because domestic production is still low. The low soybean production in Indonesia is partly due to the lack of availability of superior varieties that are able to adapt to the environment and the application of cultivation technology that has not been optimal by farmers. The aim of this research is to obtain the best dose and the mutant line of Kipas Merah and the best combination of both in a sub-optimal environment. This study used a factorial randomized block design 3 x 7 with 3 replications. The dose of NPK fertilizer is the first factor consisting of 3 levels (200 kg ha−1, 300 kg ha−1, and 400 kg ha−1). While the second factor is a mutant line of Kipas Merah (A1, A2, A7, A11, and A14), and in addition, as the comparison, we used Kipas Merah (parent) and Deja2 variety. The results showed that the treatment dose of Phonska NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) was better found in the application of a fertilizer dose of 400 kg ha−1 on the parameters a number of seeds per plant, the weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, the weight of seeds per plot and potential yield. The best mutant lines among the tested lines were the A1 and A11 mutant lines. The best A1 line was on the number of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant, while A11 was best on parameters of seed weight per plant, the weight of 100 seeds, the weight of seeds per plot, and yield potential.
Analysis of stem rot disease severity on Pomelo (Citrus maxima) plantation in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Puspita A D , Kuswinanti T , Rosmana A 
Published: June 2023

Abstrack
Pamelo (Citrus maxima) is native to Southeast Asia, and the contribution of South Sulawesi nationally as a producer ranks first at 30.76%. The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity of stem rot disease on Pomelo in Ma’rang, Labakkang, and Segeri Districts of Pangkep Regency. After calculating the disease severity, samples were taken on the symptomatic tissue, then the disease-causing pathogens were isolated and purified, followed by microscopic observation at the Laboratory of Pest and Plant Diseases, Hasanuddin University. The results showed that the highest stem rot disease intensity was in Ma’rang District on red and white Pomelo varieties at 53% and 44%, followed by Labakkang District at 33% on red Pomelo and 26% on white Pomelo. The lowest disease severity was in Segeri District with 30% on red and 24% on white Pomelo. Pomelo citrus production in Ma’rang District was 92.72 tons/ha, Labakkang 213.51 tons/ha, and Segeri District 259.40 tons/ha. These data indicate that the intensity of disease severity and land conditions affect the production of Pomelo in the three sub-districts observed.
The evaluation effect of fusarium verticillioides on seed quality in new high-yielding maize vareties
Authors: Yasir A M , Nasruddin A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Fusarium verticillioides can cause a decrease in the yield and quality of corn due to the mycotoxins produced. 10 seeds high yielding maize varieties were sterilized using a 5.15% NaClO solution and sterile water. Inoculated seeds for 72 hours, grown on straw paper and polybags. Observation of germination, plant growth, incidence and severity of disease as well as the identification of Koch’s Postulates method, were observed macroscopically and microscopically at the Laboratory, Hasanuddin University. The results showed that F. verticillioides caused the germination of maize seeds in the Pertiwi and NK sumo varieties to only 33.3%, while the highest germination occurred in the Sukmaraga variety at 91.7%. The growth of corn plants showed differences in height and number of leaves in each of the 10 varieties. Severity of the disease in the vegetative phase occurred in the variety Pertiwi and Pioneer27 by 35% and the varieties with the lowest severity occurred in Zakarin variety by. Selection of varieties that are resistant to the F. verticillioides pathogen greatly influences F. verticillioides infection because they can be a source of inoculum.
Exploration and culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from wild sago
Authors: Widiastuti H , Supriatna J , Bilah S A , Fuad D I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) contains significant potential for carbohydrates. When harvested, the plant produces more than 300kg of dry starch per plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are known to often form symbiotic associations with the majority of higher plants, but there are limited studies on their interaction with Sago. Therefore, this study aims to obtain information on the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the rhizosphere of sago palms as well as to prepare pure cultures of the dominant species. Samples were collected from the test plant’s rhizosphere by exploring the West Papua region with a shallow peat area as a base. The soil bulk density in the region was 0.11-0.20 g cm−3 with a low pH (H2O) of 4.1. At the initial stage, a trapping culture was prepared from the rhizosphere soil sample, and a pure culture was then made from the dominant spore using telang (Clitoria ternatea.L) as the host. The observation results of spore morphology revealed that they belonged to Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, and Glomeraceae. The low abundance and diversity of AMF were caused by abiotic factors, including soil physicochemical properties.
Scenario Seismic Hazard Analysis (SSHA) in Cilegon City for post-major earthquake 2019 and 2022 infrastructure construction development
Authors: Syahbana AJ , Wati M S , Zaenurrohman J A , Ridwan M , Sari A M , Shomim A F , Soehaimi A , Santoso E W , Novico F , Sudjono E H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The major earthquake events on August 2, 2019, and January 14, 2022, which devastated Banten City, gave an earthquake warning to the surrounding area, including Cilegon City. As an area with several vital infrastructures, such as Merak Port, chemical factories, steel industries, and power plants, Cilegon City requires a seismic study that can provide information for the planning and retrofitting of building structures. In this study, an earthquake analysis will be carried out using the Scenario Seismic Hazard Analysis (SSHA) for Cilegon City to calculate the bedrock acceleration. The earthquake sources modelled include the source of the Semangko Graben, Cimandiri and the Sunda Strait Megathrust Segment. This study provides several conclusions, included (1) results of seismic analysis using SSHA produced a maximum PGA value 0.05 - 0.1 g, 0.00 - 0.05 g and 0.3 - 0.4 g, for the Semangko Graben, Cimandiri and the Sunda Strait Megathrust Segment sources respectively. So, Cilegon City’s infrastructure layout system must be located designed in the area with a minimum ground acceleration. The existing buildings also need to be re-analyzed based on the earthquake hazard map.
Optimization agroforestry to address green economy and climate change in Manokwari Regency, West Papua
Authors: Hendri  , Rahmadaniarti A , Mahatmandira G A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Farm (kebun) and yard (Pekarangan), as traditional agroforestry systems that have been developed over a long period of time by trial and error based on the social, cultural, and economics of the local community. In general, the green economy value of the results of local agroforestry systems, both gardens, and yards, provides low benefits based on the real costs incurred. Increasing the optimization of local agroforestry systems by taking into account the economy and carbon stock are needed in an effort to increase the green economy based on local agroforestry and mitigation efforts from the forestry sector. Data was collected from households of Bremi Village, District of Manokwari Regency using a purposive sampling method through the bio-physic inventory, and economic analysis. Through the results of the optimization of gardens and yards, there was an increase in the important value index, species diversity index, carbon stock, and economy by 91% and 53% respectively. Through the optimization of agroforestry practices (OAPs), the production scale is expected to improve the local community income as well as to preserve typical species, environmental conservation, long-term strategies for extreme climate conditions, and support the Low Carbon Development Indonesia program (LCDI) in West Papua.
Sustainable specialized village-based sago (Metroxylon sago Rottb) management direction in Jayapura Regency
Authors: Lewaherilla N E , Soplanit A , Beding P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in selected sago-specialized villages in Sentani, West Sentani, and Waibu Districts between July and December 2021. The primary data were obtained through interviews with local figures, academicians, sago farmers, merchants, and sago processing business actors. The secondary data were obtained from previous research results published by research institutes, and Jayapura Regional Government relevant to the sago development program, sago production, and land area. A qualitative descriptive sociocultural analysis was made following farmers’ sociocultural conditions. The sago management institutionalization analysis was made based on the functions of sago management. The business analysis of sago starch production and sago cakes was made based using the Revenue/cost ratio. The study found that market and sociocultural institutionalization plays an important role in sustainable sago management. The result of the business feasibility analysis indicated that sago starch production and sago cake business are feasible for further development. The direction of sustainable sago management includes 1) a Sago-specialized village program, 2) Small-scale sago processing businesses, and 3) a sago variety conservation program.