bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nighttime light extent and intensity explain the dynamics of human activity in coastal zones
Authors: Mokhtari Zahra , Bergantino Angela Stefania , Intini Mario , Elia Mario , Buongiorno Alessandro , Giannico Vincenzo , Sanesi Giovanni , Lafortezza Raffaele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStudying human activity in coastal areas is crucial for urban planning, sustainability, and economic development. However, there is limited evidence of ongoing monitoring of human activities in these areas. Thus, a quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal changes, trends, and variability of Nighttime light (NTL) in the Italian Coastal Zone over the past decade (2014–2023) was conducted to assess human activity dynamics. The findings of our study indicate the following: (1) NTL increases over the years in both extent and intensity along the coastal zone; (2) NTL extent and intensity vary by season, with the coastal zone being brighter in summer; and (3) a highly heterogeneous NTL pattern was found where some locations became hot spots (significant upward trend) or cold spots (significant downward trend) while others remain unchanged. By explaining the intensification of human activity, this study can provide insight into identifying the patterns of economic development and environmental conditions contributing to more effective planning in coastal zones.
Topological orbital Hall effect caused by skyrmions and antiferromagnetic skyrmions
Authors: Göbel Börge , Schimpf Lennart , Mertig Ingrid 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe topological Hall effect is a hallmark of topologically non-trivial magnetic textures such as magnetic skyrmions. It quantifies the transverse electric current that is generated once an electric field is applied and occurs as a consequence of the emergent magnetic field of the skyrmion. Likewise, an orbital magnetization is generated. Here we show that the charge currents are orbital polarized even though the conduction electrons couple to the skyrmion texture via their spin. The topological Hall effect is accompanied by a topological orbital Hall effect even for s electrons without spin-orbit coupling. As we show, antiferromagnetic skyrmions and antiferromagnetic bimerons that have a compensated emergent field, exhibit a topological orbital Hall conductivity that is not accompanied by charge transport and can be orders of magnitude larger than the topological spin Hall conductivity. Skyrmionic textures serve as generators of orbital currents that can transport information and give rise to considerable orbital torques.
Probing out-of-distribution generalization in machine learning for materials
Authors: Li Kangming , Rubungo Andre Niyongabo , Lei Xiangyun , Persaud Daniel , Choudhary Kamal , DeCost Brian , Dieng Adji Bousso , Hattrick-Simpers Jason 
Published: January 2025

AbstractScientific machine learning (ML) aims to develop generalizable models, yet assessments of generalizability often rely on heuristics. Here, we demonstrate in the materials science setting that heuristic evaluations lead to biased conclusions of ML generalizability and benefits of neural scaling, through evaluations of out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks involving unseen chemistry or structural symmetries. Surprisingly, many tasks demonstrate good performance across models, including boosted trees. However, analysis of the materials representation space shows that most test data reside within regions well-covered by training data, while poorly-performing tasks involve data outside the training domain. For these challenging tasks, increasing training size or time yields limited or adverse effects, contrary to traditional neural scaling trends. Our findings highlight that most OOD tests reflect interpolation, not true extrapolation, leading to overestimations of generalizability and scaling benefits. This emphasizes the need for rigorously challenging OOD benchmarks.
Global patterns and drivers of coupling between anammox and denitrification processes across inland aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Xu Xiaoguang , Yang Yuxuan , Zhou Yiwen , Ma Jie , Li Jining , Zhou Xiaohong , Zhao Xiaoli , Wu Fengchang , Song Kang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDenitrification and anammox collectively drive nitrogen loss from aquatic ecosystems, yet their global patterns and interactions remain unclear. To fill this gap in knowledge, we compiled a global dataset on anammox and denitrification, encompassing river, lake, wetland, and estuary ecosystems and comprising 2539 observations from 136 peer-reviewed papers. Here, we show that aquatic ecosystems with abundant denitrifying bacteria tend to have abundant anammox bacteria, but the abundance of anammox bacteria is lower than that of denitrifying bacteria. Importantly, we observed that hotspots for denitrification in aquatic ecosystems were also hotspots for anammox, and we explained the variation in anammox (21.55 (95% CI: 8.21–58.90) nmol-N g-1 day-1) and denitrification rates (171.76 (95% CI: 65.40–519.25) nmol-N g-1 day-1) across aquatic ecosystems. These results highlight that anammox should be included in models for accurate nitrogen budget assessment in aquatic ecosystems on a global scale, especially in the context of future climate warming.
Distributed H∞$H_\infty$ control for roller kiln temperature based on adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Luo Zeng , Chen Ning , Chen Jiayao , Luo Biao , Li Binyan , Gui Weihua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe roller kiln with multi‐temperature zones used for cathode material sintering is an interconnected system with time delay in energy transfer and precise control of the temperature for the preparation of cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the interconnection between the temperature zones, the time delay of the temperature state, and the disturbance of the external environment make it difficult to control the sintering process. For this reason, this paper develops a distributed control of the temperature of roller kiln based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). Firstly, the heat transfer mechanism of sintering process is discussed; the law of energy conservation provides the physical basis for the sintering process on which the autocorrelation function method identifies the time delay. Then, the cost function is constructed by combining the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function containing the time delay, the temperature state, the heating power of the silicon carbon rod and the perturbation. Subsequently, Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaac equation with the optimal cost function and the optimal distributed control strategy are approximated by neural network of ADP. Finally, the stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by Lyapunov functional analysis, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of roller kiln temperature control.
Monitoring high‐temperature sensor with optical performance using graphene in power plant industries
Authors: Sharifi Hadi , Nouri Moqadam Aslan , Mohsen Daraei Omid , Pourziad Ali , Bemani Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical sensors getting widespread usage in almost every field, especially industries. A high thermal optical sensor is proposed to predict the environmental temperature in power plants. A high sensitivity, accuracy, low cost, compact size, linear operation, and suitable transmission coefficient optical sensor in a wide thermal range is achieved that changing the surrounding temperature has a severe effect on the conductivity of graphene which changes the transmission power of the sensor. In this paper, the position of the graphene sheet affects the interaction of light and graphene, effectively. A maximum sensitivity of 17.47% is achieved in K temperature deviation. The Cylindrical diameter is 4.1 lambda, the smallest in size among the references checked and has the desired performance up to 2000 K, indicating the suitable efficiency of the sensor and the fibre optic sensor with graphene coating has great potential in the field of measurement, especially in the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere in the industry.
Preparation of metal–organic framework nanosheets with electron‐rich groups for SO2 adsorption
Authors: Lian Hongsong , Huang Jin , Lai Yonghua , Liu Huixin , Zheng Dongsheng , Xiao Song , Yuan Hongye 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of porous crystalline materials, hold great promise for gas purification in electrical insulation equipment, especially for the selective capture of SO2 produced from the decomposition of SF6. However, challenges remain in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based adsorbents with salient SO2 adsorption performance due to the limited effective interactions with SO2 molecules. This study reports the successful direct synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) MOFs nanosheets coordinated by Zr4+ and tridentate carboxylic organic ligands with nitrogen‐containing electron‐rich groups within the organic ligands. The resulting MOF nanosheets exhibit enhanced interactions with SO2 molecules due to the spatial location and electronic properties of the nitrogen groups, thereby conducing to the adsorption of SO2. Additionally, by precisely controlling the positioning of nitrogen groups, the Zr‐BTB‐NH2 (BTB‐NH2: 1,1′:3′,1″‐Terphenyl]‐4,4″‐dicarboxylic acid, 3,3″‐diamino‐5′‐(3‐amino‐4‐carboxyphenyl) and Zr‐TPY (TPY: 4′‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐[2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine]‐5,5″‐dicarboxylic acid) MOFs synthesised in this study achieve differentiated SO2 adsorption capacities of 39.3 cm³·g⁻1 and 66.3 cm³·g⁻1, respectively, surpassing those of several previously reported MOFs. This strategy provides a novel design strategy for developing efficient SO2 absorbents and lays a foundation for the further development of absorbents promising for gas remediation in electrical insulation equipment.
Control strategy of frequency and DC voltage for interfacing converter of hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on improved virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Ashrafi Sina , Mousavi‐Rozveh Seyed Ali , Khorsandi Amir , Hosseinian Seyed Hossein 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntegrating renewable resources in microgrids (MGs) poses a substantial challenge: ensuring stability with low inertia. This paper provides control techniques for the AC frequency and the DC voltage for an isolated/islanded hybrid AC/DC MG using intelligent virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and intelligent virtual capacitors (VCs). The suggested approaches take advantage of VSG's adaptive damping coefficient and VC's adaptive virtual resistance as defined by intelligent controls. The controllers operate independently, relying solely on local DC voltage and AC frequency measurements without additional communication infrastructure. Compared to the traditional VSG and VC, the hybrid MG with intelligent VSG and VC controls performs better in suppressing AC frequency and DC voltage deviations, regardless of operating mode (rectifier or inverter). Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink validate these findings, showing that the artificial neural network (ANN) approach reduces DC voltage deviation by 34.4% and AC frequency deviation by 26.3%, while the fuzzy logic control (FLC) approach further reduces these deviations, particularly DC voltage deviation by 41.9% and AC frequency deviation by 23.2%. ANN excels in reducing deviations for AC frequency, while FLC is more effective in lowering deviations for DC voltage. The proposed controllers' positive impact on system stability is assessed using small‐signal stability analysis.
A risk assessment method for power internet of things information security based on multi‐objective hierarchical optimisation
Authors: Sun Yunxiao , Zhuang Ling , Jia Ting , Cheng Dabei , Zhao Xindong , Guo Jing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPower Internet of Things (PIoT) relies on various smart sensors and edge devices to support the operational status of the power grid. To address the challenge of conducting a comprehensive information security risk assessment for communication among heterogeneous devices in PIoT, a reliable security risk assessment method is proposed. This method, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), considers four key dimensions: the cloud platform, communication transmission, edge side and terminal side. It integrates information indexes, the asset loss and risk probability to construct a risk assessment scheme oriented towards PIoT information security. The judgement matrix of AHP which fails the consistency test, is modified by using an improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation (IMPSO) algorithm, while minimising semantic offset distance. Verified through a case study, this method effectively reduces the consistency index to an average of 0.01 and achieves a correlation of 90.86% with traditional AHP assessment results.
Modelling the evolution of the Galactic disc scale height traced by open clusters
Authors: Moreira Sandro , Moitinho André , Silva André , Almeida Duarte 
Published: January 2025

Context. The scale height (SH) of the spatial distribution of open clusters (OCs) in the Milky Way exhibits a well-known increase with age that is usually interpreted as evidence for dynamical heating of the disc or for the disc having been thicker in the past.
Aims. We address the increase in the SH with age of the OC population from a different angle. We propose that the apparent thickening of the disc can be largely explained as a consequence of a stronger disruption of OCs near the Galactic plane by encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs).
Methods. We present a computational model that forms OCs with initial masses and follows their orbits, while subjecting them to different disruption mechanisms. To set up the model and infer its parameters, we used and analysed a Gaia-based OC catalogue. We investigate both the spatial and age distributions of the OC population and discuss the sample completeness. The simulation results are compared to the observations.
Results. Consistent with previous studies, the observations reveal that the SH of the spatial distribution of OCs increases with age. We find that it is likely that the OC sample is incomplete even for the solar neighbourhood. The simulations successfully reproduce the SH evolution and the total number of OCs that survive with age up to 1 Gyr. For older OCs, the model-predicted SH starts deviating from observations, although it remains within the uncertainties of the observations. This can be related to the effects of incompleteness and/or simplifications in the model.
Conclusions. The OC encounters with GMCs effectively explain the SH evolution of the OC population. An interesting result is that the average time for an object with a Sun-like orbit to encounter a GMC is approximately 700 Myr, aligning well with previous estimates for the Sun obtained through different methods.
Examining the evolution of the supersoft X-ray source RX J0513.9 − 6951
Authors: Tavleev A. , Suleimanov V. F. , Werner K. , Santangelo A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are thought to be accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in close binary systems, with thermonuclear burning on their surfaces. The SSS RX J0513.9 − 6951 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) exhibits cyclic variations between optical low and high states, which are anti-correlated with its X-ray flux. This behaviour is believed to be the result of the periodic expansion and contraction of the WD due to variations in the accretion rate in the system.
Aims. We analyse the eight high-resolution XMM and six grating Chandra spectra of RX J0513.9 − 6951 with our grid of model atmosphere spectra of hot WDs computed under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. Our aim is to test a contraction model of the source variability by tracking the evolution of the WD properties.
Methods. We use a recently computed grid of hot WD model atmospheres, spanning a wide range of effective temperatures (Teff = 100−1000 kK in steps of 25 kK) and eight values of surface gravity. The LMC chemical composition of the atmospheres was assumed.
Results. The obtained fitting parameters (effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, and bolometric luminosity L) evolve on the Teff − log g and Teff − L planes. This evolution follows the model tracks of WDs with masses of 1.05 − 1.15 M⊙ and thermonuclear burning on the surface. We show that, when the source has a relatively small photospheric radius and is optically bright, it lies below the stable-burning strip with a relatively low bolometric luminosity. Conversely, the fainter optical states correspond to higher bolometric luminosity and larger photospheric radii of the hot WD. RXJ0513 lies within the stable-burning strip during this state. This means that the optical brightness of the system is lower when the WD is larger, more luminous, and illuminates the accretion disc more effectively. These results contradict the contraction model, which predicts the opposite behaviour of the source. We use a model that assumes that the far UV/soft X-ray flux is reprocessed into the optical band due to multiple scattering in the cloud system above the accretion disc. More significant illumination can lead to rarefying of the cloud slab, thereby reducing the reprocessing efficiency and making the source fainter in the optical band.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as a Biomarker for Cancer-Associated Venous Thrombosis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Brown Alison M. , Nock Sophie , Musgrave Kathryn , Unsworth Amanda J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCancer-associated thrombosis affects between 1 and 20% of all patients diagnosed with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and a poorer prognosis. Risk assessment scores exist which include the measurement of biomarkers, and which aim to identify patients at a higher risk of developing thrombotic events, but these are poor predictors and rarely used in routine clinical practice.VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor, produced by tumour cells, and released by platelets and is essential for tumour growth and progression. It also plays a role in the promotion of thrombosis through platelet activation and adhesion, and by inducing the expression of tissue factor. Therefore, the potential of VEGF to be used as a biomarker to predict cancer-associated thrombosis requires further investigation.This study reviewed the published literature to determine whether circulating VEGF levels are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.PubMed and OVID databases were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines for relevant papers using the keywords “cancer” AND “thrombosis” AND “VEGF” up to July 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.Seven papers (1,528 participants) were identified and included in the meta-analysis, three of which (922 participants) measured VEGF before a thrombotic event, and the remaining four (606 participants) measured VEGF at the time of the thrombosis. Our results showed that although plasma and serum VEGF tended to be higher in those who subsequently developed thrombosis than those who did not (mean difference 70.2 pg/mL for serum, and 11.44 pg/mL for plasma VEGF, 95% CI −2.39–25.73, p = 0.10), this was not found to be statistically significant. However, analysis of VEGF following blood sampling at the time of thrombosis showed a stronger statistically significant association between increased VEGF levels and presence of thrombosis (mean difference 117.02 pg/mL for serum, and 116.6 pg/mL for plasma VEGF, 95% CI 55.42–190.82, p = 0.0004).Based on current studies, whilst it is increased at the time of thrombosis, VEGF is not effective as a predictive biomarker of CAT.
Are YouTube Videos Useful in Robot-assisted Segmentectomy Education?
Authors: Coşgun Tuğba , Doğruyol Talha , Tezel Çağatay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Segmentectomy operation became a preferable operation for small lesions due to the importance of saving lung parenchyma. Using robotic technology has too many advantages for segmentectomy operations. Web sites such as YouTube have become educational tools for surgical trainees. The aim of our study is to analyze YouTube videos for accurate and up-to-date information about robotic segmentectomy operations.
Methods The videos on www.youtube.com, which were reached on July 11, 2024, by using the keywords “robot segmentectomy” and “robotic segmentectomy lung,” were evaluated in this research. The videos were evaluated by using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system, Critical View of safety (CVS), and LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS).
Results Eighty-one videos were included. Almost half of the videos (n = 42) were affiliated with university hospitals. Preoperative imaging was seen in 49% of all videos; however, the rates were 32% and 20.9% for patients' demographics and preoperative assessment information, respectively. Only 29.6% of the videos presented the placement of trocars during the presentation.
Conclusion It has become possible to record high-quality videos easily with developing technology. However, our results showed that many of the videos do not include the parameters especially related to education. Our findings suggest that those videos are inadequate for trainees.
Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Alkylated Indoles Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3
)–C(sp3
) Coupling
Authors: Kui Xin , Zhou Jingjie , Qian Deyun , Peng Huijie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough considerable efforts have been made to construct chiral functionalized indoles, catalytic and efficient methods to access a diverse range of chiral N-alkylated indoles bearing a stereocenter with two minimally different alkyl groups at the N-1 position from readily accessible substrates remain limited. Here, we describe a modular Ni-catalyzed C(sp3
)–C(sp3
) cross-coupling strategy that couples an array of N-indolyl-substituted alkenes with alkyl iodides to yield chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles in single regioisomeric form, in up to 90% yield and 99% ee.
Practical Povidone Iodine Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles from Acetophenones and α-Amino Acids
Authors: Ren Jiangmeng , Zeng Bu-Bing , Wang Jian , Sun Xue-Qin , Li Meng-Fei , Wang Shao-Dong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNonharmful povidone iodine (PVP-I) was applied in the cyclization of acetophenones and α-amino acids to give 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles. Acetophenones with different substituents and natural α-amino acids were applied to our developed method, and more than 38 2,5-disubstituted oxazole compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields. Several naturally active 5-(3-indolyl)oxazole alkaloids such as pimprinine, labradorin, and pimprinol were successfully acquired in moderate yields using this strategy.