bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Breast Cancer Segmentation in DCE‐MRI Using Deep Learning With Weak Annotation
Authors: Park Ga Eun , Kim Sung Hun , Nam Yoonho , Kang Junghwa , Park Minjeong , Kang Bong Joo 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDeep learning models require large‐scale training to perform confidently, but obtaining annotated datasets in medical imaging is challenging. Weak annotation has emerged as a way to save time and effort.PurposeTo develop a deep learning model for 3D breast cancer segmentation in dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) using weak annotation with reliable performance.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationSeven hundred and thirty‐six women with breast cancer from a single institution, divided into the development (N = 544) and test dataset (N = 192).Field Strength/Sequence3.0‐T, 3D fat‐saturated gradient‐echo axial T1‐weighted flash 3D volumetric interpolated brain examination (VIBE) sequences.AssessmentTwo radiologists performed a weak annotation of the ground truth using bounding boxes. Based on this, the ground truth annotation was completed through autonomic and manual correction. The deep learning model using 3D U‐Net transformer (UNETR) was trained with this annotated dataset. The segmentation results of the test set were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods, and the regions were divided into whole breast and region of interest (ROI) within the bounding box.Statistical TestsAs a quantitative method, we used the Dice similarity coefficient to evaluate the segmentation result. The volume correlation with the ground truth was evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Qualitatively, three readers independently evaluated the visual score in four scales. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe deep learning model we developed achieved a median Dice similarity score of 0.75 and 0.89 for the whole breast and ROI, respectively. The volume correlation coefficient with respect to the ground truth volume was 0.82 and 0.86 for the whole breast and ROI, respectively. The mean visual score, as evaluated by three readers, was 3.4.Data ConclusionThe proposed deep learning model with weak annotation may show good performance for 3D segmentations of breast cancer using DCE‐MRI.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: From the maternal infection to the child outcome
Authors: De Rose Domenico Umberto , Bompard Sarah , Maddaloni Chiara , Bersani Iliana , Martini Ludovica , Santisi Alessandra , Longo Daniela , Ronchetti Maria Paola , Dotta Andrea , Auriti Cinzia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis review examines the recent literature on the management of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in neonates. We summarized the three clinical categories of maternal HSV infection during pregnancy (primary first episode, nonprimary first episode, or recurrent episode) and the mechanisms of fetal damage. Considering when the transmission of the infection from the mother to the fetus/newborn occurs, three types of neonatal infection can be distinguished: intrauterine infection (5% of cases), postnatal infection (10% of cases), and perinatal infections (85% of cases). Neonatal presentation could range from a limited disease with skin, eye, and mouth disease to central nervous system disease or disseminated disease: the treatment with acyclovir should be tailored according to symptoms and signs of infection, and virological tests. These children need a multidisciplinary follow‐up, to timely intercept any deviation from normal neurodevelopmental milestones. Prevention strategies remain a challenge, in the absence of an available vaccine against HSV.
sPLA2GIB Promotes PGD2 and IL‐13 Production in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Kang Yi‐Fan , Liu Jin‐Xin , Xu Kai , Li Xue‐Li , Lu Xiang 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveSecreted phospholipase A2 Group IB (sPLA2GIB) regulates the release of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, and other inflammatory lipid mediators. Although it has been well involved in extensive inflammatory diseases, its specific mechanism in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of sPLA2GIB in the pathophysiology of CRSwNP.MethodsQuantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyze the expression of sPLA2s, phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in nasal samples. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were cultured at an air‐liquid interface (ALI) and stimulated with various cytokines. The human mast cell line HMC‐1 was stimulated with sPLA2GIB, and the expression of PGD2 and cytokines in the culture supernatant was detected by ELISA.ResultsThe mRNA and protein levels of sPLA2GIB were significantly higher in eosinophilic CRSwNP than in control tissues. sPLA2GIB was predominantly expressed in the nasal epithelial cells. PLA2R mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in both eosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP compared with the control groups. IL‐4, IL‐13, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β upregulated the expression of sPLA2GIB in ALI‐cultured HNECs. sPLA2GIB induced PGD2 and IL‐13 production in HMC‐1 cells in a hydrolytic activity‐independent manner. PGD2 protein expression was elevated in tissue homogenates of eosinophilic CRSwNP, and PGD2 upregulated the expression of IL‐13 in HMC‐1 cells.ConclusionIncreased secretion of sPLA2GIB by epithelial cells may promote eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP by enhancing PGD2 and IL‐13 production in mast cells via binding to PLA2R.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1107–1117, 2024
Unexpected functional diversity of stream biofilms within and across proglacial floodplains despite close spatial proximity
Authors: Michoud Grégoire , Kohler Tyler J. , Peter Hannes , Brandani Jade , Busi Susheel Banu , Battin Tom J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐mountain streams are particularly vulnerable to climate change because they intimately interface with the cryosphere. As glaciers shrink and snowpack diminishes, proglacial streams will eventually shift from being glacier‐fed to streams fed by groundwater, snowmelt and precipitation. This shift will affect both the flow regime and physico‐chemical characteristics of streams, possibly also the structure and function of their benthic microbiome. Here, we applied genome‐resolved metagenomics to benthic biofilms from glacier‐fed streams and their groundwater‐fed tributaries within three proglacial floodplains in the Swiss Alps. Despite the close spatial proximity between both stream types, their microbiome structure differed consistently for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The glacier‐fed stream microbiome was taxonomically and functionally less diverse than its groundwater‐fed counterpart, and had smaller genomes, but with conservation of the central metabolic functions primarily related to nitrogen and sulfur cycling. Consequently, much higher functional variability was associated with the microbiome of tributary streams, mainly due to abundant genes involved in the transport and degradation of organic matter. Our findings suggest that glacier shrinkage will cause shifts in the functioning of benthic microbiomes of proglacial floodplains with yet unknown consequences for downstream biogeochemistry.
Single‐Mode Electrically Pumped Terahertz Laser in an Ultracompact Cavity via Merging Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Cui Jieyuan , Chua Yunda , Han Song , Wang Chongwu , Jin Yuhao , Li Jinghao , Zeng Yongquan , Wang Qian , Ye Ming , Chen Wenduo , Zhu Song , Sun Fangyuan , Li Lianhe , Davies Alexander Giles , Linfield Edmund Harold , Tan Chuan Seng , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) are highly localized optical modes that have found important applications in lasers, sensors, modulators, and harmonic signal generators. While possessing a higher quality factor (Q) as compared to leaky photonic modes, regular BICs (e.g., either symmetry‐protected or accidental BICs) normally require large cavity sizes and are usually sensitive to the fabrication imperfections that introduce lattice disorders. Moreover, the previous demonstrations of BIC lasers are mostly based on optical pumping and operated in the visible and near‐infrared regimes. Here, an electrically pumped BIC laser is demonstrated by merging two types of BIC modes based on a quantum cascade chip in the terahertz (THz) regime, which has an ultra‐compact size (with a pump area around 4λ2). The measured side‐mode suppression ratio (SMSR) can reach up to ≈20 dB, indicating a good single‐mode performance over the entire dynamic range. In addition, the emitted beam shows a nontrivial cylindrical vector beam profile, a typical topological feature of BIC lasers. This work would pave the way for practical use of the emerging BIC concepts in pursuing ultra‐compact and high‐performance electrically driven laser sources, which are highly desired in advanced optoelectronics and integrated photonics.
Demonstration of Weak Polarization Electric Field III‐N LEDs based on Polar Plane
Authors: Zhang Lidong , Deng Gaoqiang , Tao Tao , Zuo Changcai , Guan Tao , Niu Yunfei , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Yusen , Ma Haotian , Liu Bin , Zhang Baolin , Zhang Yuantao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA strong polarization electric field (PEF) in III‐nitride semiconductors has adverse effects on the performance of III‐N light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, to reduce the PEF of III‐N LEDs based on the polar plane (c‐plane) remains a big challenge. Here, a weak PEF blue LED on c‐plane GaN with an InGaN/AlGaN superlattices (SLs) quantum barrier and InGaN quantum well grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition is proposed. The InGaN/SLs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) show a significant reduction of PEF compared with traditional InGaN/GaN MQWs. A low electric field of 0.5 MV cm−1 is obtained, which is confirmed by power‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time‐resolved PL measurements. The proposed LEDs with InGaN/AlGaN SLs barriers present a low efficiency droop, a great wavelength stability, and a high −3 dB E‐O modulation bandwidth up to 1.01 GHz. This work demonstrates the role of InGaN/AlGaN SLs barriers in reducing the PEF of III‐N LEDs and provides a feasible technical route to achieve the weak PEF LEDs on c‐plane, which can be expanded and applied to the preparation of high‐performance, long wavelength, and deep UV III‐N LEDs.
Temporal‐Spatial‐Resolved Lasing Dynamics in Customized Solution Grown Perovskite Single‐Crystal Microcavities
Authors: Ma Peipei , Yan Lihe , Si Jinhai , Huo Tianyu , Huang Zhenqiang , Tan Wenjiang , Xu Jin , Hou Xun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle‐crystal halide perovskites are among the most promising semiconductor candidates for highly efficient optoelectronic devices due to their higher stability against moisture and light radiation and lower trap density than their polycrystalline counterparts. In this work, single‐crystal MAPbBr3 microcavities with controllable geometries and sizes are fabricated using a template‐limited method combined with an anti‐solvent diffusion growth method. The single‐crystal microcavities emit lasers around 550 nm under femtosecond laser excitation, with a lasing threshold of ≈35 µJ cm−2 and a quality factor of 1135, as well as excellent long‐term operation stability. The temporal‐spatial evolution of the lasing process in an individual microcavity is achieved by the microscopic optical Kerr‐gating technique. The temporal behaviors including pulse duration and build‐up time, emission spectra shift, and lasing mode evolution as a function of pump fluence are unveiled, and the complex relationship between the light‐induced carrier dynamics and lasing properties is clarified. Spatial heterogeneous lasing dynamics are also observed in an individual microdisk, which is attributed to the non‐uniform optical losses and carrier densities driven by structural imperfections. This study can provide a fabrication strategy for perovskite on‐chip optoelectronic devices, as well as a deeper understanding of the carrier‐density‐driven lasing dynamics in microcavities.
Fabrication of Lightweight Polyimide Foams with Exceptional Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Tian Yue , Luo Yinfu , Meng Haichao , Ni Long , Zhou Cuiqing , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLightweight polyimide foams (PIFs) with exceptional thermal resistance and compressive properties are fabricated by heating polyester ammonium salts (PEASs) which are prepared by copolymerizing 4, 4’‐diaminobenzanilide (DABA), 4, 4’‐diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA) and 3, 3’, 4, 4’‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). Hydrogen bonds are formed between CONH and CO in the PI chains due to the addition of DABA and the melt viscosity of PEAS precursors increase with increasing content of DABA, which is advantageous to bind the foaming gases for cell expansion. The expansion ratio of PEAS precursors is increased from 633% to 1133% when the molar ratio of MDA/DABA is changed from 10:0 to 6:4. The compressive strength and modulus of PIFM9D1 (i.e., the molar ratio of MDA/DABA is 9:1, foam density: 120.8 kg m−3) reach as high as 0.59 and 15.0 MPa, respectively. The PIFs possess prominent thermal performance with the initial thermal degradation temperatures (under both nitrogen and air atmosphere) and glass transition temperatures (as assessed by DSC and DMA) exceeding 511 and 292 °C, respectively. The thermal conductivity of PIFs is lower than 0.049 W m−1 K−1, which exhibits promising applications for serving as high‐temperature thermal insulation materials in the fields of aerospace, marine, and nuclear sectors among others.
Antibiofilm assay for antimicrobial peptides combating the sulfate‐reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Stillger Lena , Viau Lucile , Holtmann Dirk , Müller Daniela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn medical, environmental, and industrial processes, the accumulation of bacteria in biofilms can disrupt many processes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention in the development of new substances to avoid or reduce biofilm formation. There is a lack of parallel testing of the effect against biofilms in this area, as well as in the testing of other antibiofilm agents. In this paper, a high‐throughput screening was developed for the analysis of the antibiofilm activity of AMPs, differentiated into inhibition and removal of a biofilm. The sulfate‐reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris was used as a model organism. D. vulgaris represents an undesirable bacterium, which is considered one of the major triggers of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The application of a 96‐well plate and steel rivets as a growth surface realizes real‐life conditions and at the same time establishes a flexible, simple, fast, and cost‐effective assay. All peptides tested in this study demonstrated antibiofilm activity, although these peptides should be individually selected depending on the addressed aim. For biofilm inhibition, the peptide DASamP1 is the most suitable, with a sustained effect for up to 21 days. The preferred peptides for biofilm removal are S6L3‐33, in regard to bacteria reduction, and Bactenecin, regarding total biomass reduction.
Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Patil Rahul Shivaji , Tupe Rashmi Santosh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis‐à‐vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half‐life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long‐lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
A Newly Synbiotic Combination Alleviates Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota–Fat Axis and Inhibiting the Hepatic TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kang Yongbo , Ren Peng , Shen Xiaorong , Kuang Xiaoyu , Yang Xiaodan , Liu Haixia , Yan Huan , Yang Hao , Kang Xing , Ding Zeyuan , Luo Xuguang , Ma Jieqiong , Yang Ying , Fan Weiping 
Published: August 2023

ScopeObesity has been recognized as a worldwide public health crisis, this is accompanied by dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota and upregulation of liver steatosis and adipose inflammation. Synbiotic as a novel alternative therapy for obesity have recently gained much attention.MethodsThis study innovatively research the anti‐obesity properties of a newly synbiotic composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides.ResultsThe synbiotic treatment can reduce body weight, fat mass, blood sugar, liver steatosis and adipose inflammation in obesity mice fed by high‐fat diet (HFD). Meanwhile, synbiotic treatment activated brown adipose tissue and improve energy, glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, synbiotic treatment not solely enhanced the protection of intestinal barrier, but also ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis directly by enhancing beneficial microbes and reducing potentially harmful bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiome phenotype and functional prediction showed that synbiotic treatment can improve the gut microbiota functions involving inflammatory state, immune response, metabolism and pathopoiesia.ConclusionThe synbiotic may be an effective candidate treatment strategy for the clinical prevention and treatment of obesity and other associated metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases by alleviating inflammatory response, regulating energy metabolism and maintaining the balance of intestinal microecology.
Adult Sea Lamprey approach and passage at the Milford Dam fishway, Penobscot River, Maine, United States
Authors: Peterson Erin , Thors Rex , Frechette Danielle , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus provide important ecological services within their native range, such as nutrient cycling, and can also act as a prey source for other species. Adult Sea Lamprey must access freshwater rivers to spawn, and because of this they are susceptible to changes in river connectivity. Human-made structures, such as dams, can exclude them from usable habitat. Sea Lamprey dam passage has not been extensively studied in Maine, despite Maine being within the native range of this species. The goals of this study were to evaluate upstream passage efficiency at the Milford Dam on the Penobscot River, Maine, and to provide comprehensive information about adult Sea Lamprey passage at five other dams throughout the Penobscot River watershed.

Methods
In 2020–2021 we captured and tagged 150 Sea Lamprey at the Milford Dam, the lowest dam in the Penobscot River, Maine, and displaced them downstream to assess passage efficiency at this dam and five upstream dams. In 2020, 50 Sea Lamprey were released on the east shore of the river downstream of Milford Dam; in 2021, the east shore release was repeated with an additional 50 fish and another 50 fish were released on the west shore.

Result
Between 70–82% of Sea Lamprey were observed passing Milford Dam again after mean delay times of 9–11 days. The release location did not affect dam passage success or the amount of time that was required to locate and use the passage structures. Sea Lampreys from both release groups were equally likely to approach the entrance to the fishway upon returning to Milford Dam, despite the fishway being located against the eastern shore of the river. However, high flows shortly after release may have resulted in higher attraction to the fishway in 2020. Passage success at dams upstream of Milford was highly variable. All Sea Lamprey were able to successfully navigate past West Enfield Dam (100% passage, n = 63), whereas Brownsmill Dam apparently acted as a complete barrier to further migration (0% passage, n = 7). Fish from all years and release groups together had a median upstream migration distance of 38.8 km after fish had passed Milford Dam, and a maximum observed upstream travel distance of approximately 100 km, indicating that most tagged Sea Lamprey ended their migration in the vicinity of a dam.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that Sea Lamprey have high passage efficiency at the Milford Dam and highlight areas within the Penobscot River basin—such as the Brownsmill Dam—where passage facilities are currently inadequate for Sea Lamprey.
Medications and conditions associated with weight loss in patients prescribed semaglutide based on real‐world data
Authors: Powell William , Song Xing , Mohamed Yahia , Walsh Dave , Parks Elizabeth J. , McMahon Tamara M. , Khan Mirza , Waitman Lemuel R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveApproved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for diabetes and in 2021 for weight loss, semaglutide has seen widespread use among individuals who aim to lose weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate weight loss and the influence of clinical factors on semaglutide patients in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsUsing data from 10 health systems within the Greater Plains Collaborative (a PCORnet Clinical Research Network), nearly 4000 clinical factors encompassing demographic, diagnosis, and prescription information were extracted for semaglutide patients. A gradient‐boosting, machine‐learning classifier was developed for weight‐loss prediction and identification of the most impactful factors via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value extrapolation.ResultsA total of 3555 eligible patients (539 of whom were observed 52 weeks following exposure) from March 2017 to April 2022 were studied. On average, individuals lost 4.44% (male individuals, 3.66%; female individuals, 5.08%) of their initial weight. History of diabetes mellitus diagnosis was associated with less weight loss, whereas prediabetes and linaclotide use were associated with more pronounced weight loss.ConclusionsWeight loss in patients prescribed semaglutide from real‐world evidence was strong but attenuated compared with previous clinical trials. Machine‐learning analysis of electronic health record data identified factors that warrant further research and consideration when tailoring weight‐loss therapy.