bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overabundant deer and invasive plants drive widespread regeneration debt in eastern United States national parks
Authors: Miller Kathryn M. , Perles Stephanie J. , Schmit John Paul , Matthews Elizabeth R. , Weed Aaron S. , Comiskey James A. , Marshall Matthew R. , Nelson Peter , Fisichelli Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvanced regeneration, in the form of tree seedlings and saplings, is critical for ensuring the long‐term viability and resilience of forest ecosystems in the eastern United States. Lack of regeneration and/or compositional mismatch between regeneration and canopy layers, called regeneration debt, can lead to shifts in forest composition, structure, and, in extreme cases, forest loss. In this study, we examined status and trends in regeneration across 39 national parks from Virginia to Maine, spanning 12 years to apply the regeneration debt concept. We further refined the concept by adding new metrics and classifying results into easily interpreted categories adapted from the literature: imminent failure, probable failure, insecure, and secure. We then used model selection to determine the potential drivers most influencing patterns of regeneration debt. Status and trends indicated widespread regeneration debt in eastern national parks, with 27 of 39 parks classified as imminent or probable failure. Deer browse impact was consistently the strongest predictor of regeneration abundance. The most pervasive component of regeneration debt observed across parks was a sapling bottleneck, characterized by critically low sapling density of native canopy species and significant declines in native canopy sapling basal area or density for most parks. Regeneration mismatches also threaten forest resilience in many parks, where native canopy seedlings and saplings were outnumbered by native subcanopy species, particularly species that are less palatable deer browse. The devastating impact of emerald ash borer eliminating ash as a native canopy tree also drove regeneration mismatches in many parks that contain abundant ash regeneration, demonstrating the vulnerability of forests that lack diverse understories to invasive pests and pathogens. These findings underscore the critical importance of an integrated forest management approach that promotes an abundant and diverse regeneration layer. In most cases, this can only be achieved through long‐term (i.e., multidecadal) management of white‐tailed deer and invasive plants. Small‐scale disturbances that increase structural complexity may also promote regeneration where stress from deer and invasive plants is minimal. Without immediate and sustained management intervention, the forest loss we are already observing may become a widespread pattern in eastern national parks and the broader region.
Adding insult to injury: Light competition and allelochemical weapons interact to facilitate grass invasion
Authors: Morrison Colin R. , Rhodes Aaron C. , Bowman Elizabeth A. , Plowes Robert M. , Sedio Brian E. , Gilbert Lawrence E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiological invasions are a leading ecological issue of the 21st century because of their worldwide contributions to biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. Answering general questions about the mechanisms facilitating the spread of successful invasives is key to understanding how to manage them moving forward. The success of introduced primary producers has often been attributed to superior competitive ability or to their release from natural enemies that constrained them in their native range. In contrast, nonnative primary producers can successfully invade and establish in new areas by releasing allelochemical compounds into the environment that are toxic to the native flora. The interactive effects of allelopathy and competition remain underexplored. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of invasion by Guinea grass, a globally distributed tallgrass from tropical and subtropical Africa with known allelopathic effects associated with 2‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2HPAA). We asked if allelopathy and light availability interact to give Guinea grass a competitive advantage during seedling establishment in its introduced range. We used a fully factorial greenhouse experiment in which allelochemical concentrations and light availability treatments were based on empirical measurements of these variables at an invaded site in South Texas. Seedling recruitment and growth were assessed for three native species and for Guinea grass itself. We also described the metabolome (the complete set of small molecules) of an invasive grass for the first time to facilitate a comparison of the effect of the known allelochemical 2HPAA with that of the whole‐plant chemical extract. Shading and allelochemistry each reduced recruitment and growth by themselves, and a significant interaction of these stressors exacerbated the negative effects in the shade, resulting in short plants, low biomass, and ultimately decreased seedling recruitment. The whole‐plant metabolomic extract had significantly stronger effects than pure 2HPAA, and these negative effects were intensified in the shade. Moreover, the mechanism showcased here demonstrated that resource competition and biochemical interference are not mutually exclusive mechanisms that facilitate the spread of a globally distributed invasive species.
Spatial and temporal sampling strategy connecting NEON Terrestrial Observation System protocols
Authors: Meier Courtney L. , Thibault Katherine M. , Barnett David T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe National Ecological Observatory Network Terrestrial Observation System (NEON TOS) produces open‐access data products that allow data users to investigate the impact of change drivers on key “sentinel” taxa and soils. The spatial and temporal sampling strategy that coordinates implementation of these protocols enables integration across TOS products and with products generated by NEON aquatic, remote sensing, and terrestrial instrument subsystems. Here, we illustrate the plots and sampling units that make up the physical foundation of a NEON TOS site, and we describe the scales (subplot, plot, airshed, and site) at which sampling is spatially colocated across protocols and subsystems. We also describe how moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer‐enhanced vegetation index (MODIS‐EVI) phenology data are used to temporally coordinate TOS sampling within and across years at the continental scale of the observatory. Individually, TOS protocols produce data products that provide insight into populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. Within the spatial and temporal framework that guides cross‐protocol implementation, the ability to draw inference across data products is enhanced. To illustrate this point, we develop an example using R software that links two TOS data products collected with different temporal frequencies at both plot and site spatial scales. A thorough understanding of how TOS protocols are integrated with each other in space and time, and with other NEON subsystems, is necessary to leverage NEON data products to maximum effect. For example, a researcher must understand the spatial and temporal scales at which soil biogeochemistry data, soil microbe biomass data, and plant litter production and chemistry data may be combined to quantify soil nutrient stocks and fluxes across NEON sites. We present clear links among TOS protocols and across NEON subsystems that will enhance the utility of NEON TOS data products for the data user community.
A win–win between farmers and an apex predator: investigating the relationship between bald eagles and dairy farms
Authors: Duvall Ethan S. , Schwabe Emily K. , Steensma Karen M. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts on farms and ranches are common and well‐documented, particularly with apex predators. Predation of livestock, for example, can result in serious economic burdens for farmers and can become threats to wildlife populations as farmers take action to eliminate or displace populations. Among apex predators, bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have received increased media attention in recent years due to conflicts with farmers across the United States. This raises challenges for both farmers and wildlife managers as eagle abundance continues to increase and natural prey resources decline. Interestingly, a recent study in northwestern Washington State reported high eagle activity on dairy farms in response to declines in salmon carcass availability, an important resource for wintering eagles across western North America. Despite the potential for human–wildlife conflict in these areas, little is known of the relationship between eagles and dairy farms. In this study, we investigated the extent of eagle activity on dairy farms and the relationship between eagles and dairy farmers using semistructured interviews with dairy farmers. We found that (1) eagles were attracted to dairy farms to feed primarily on cow afterbirth and calf carcasses, (2) responding farmers had no issue with the presence of eagles on their farms, and (3) many dairy farmers felt that eagles provided services to their farms. Of these services, the most recognized were scavenging of dairy farm byproducts and removal or deterrence of unwanted pest species. Increased eagle abundance on dairy farms and the subsidy of anthropogenic resources may also influence the ecological role of eagles as top predators in agroecosystems. Ultimately, farmers' decisions to provide anthropogenic resources have apparently mitigated human–eagle conflict while potentially reducing top–down pressures on other wild prey species. Farmers and wildlife managers may each benefit through cooperation in continuing to understand the intricacies of dairy farm–eagle relationships.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Reaction ofN‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Vinyl Boronic Pinacol Ester
Authors: Gkizis Petros L. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Stini Naya A. , Batsika Charikleia S. , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel and easy‐to‐execute light‐driven protocol for the preparation of alkyl boronic acid pinacol esters from vinyl boronate usingN‐hydroxyphthalimide esters as the potential precursor is described. In this photochemical protocol, theN‐hydroxyphthalimide ester's fragmentation generates C‐centered radicals, which undergo a radical Michael addition to vinyl boronic pinacol ester furnishing the desired products. A good substrate scope having various functionalities is presented and good to high yields are obtained.
Precision management of post‐COVID pain: An evidence and clinical‐based approach
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Nijs Jo , Giordano Rocco , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain after a SARS‐CoV‐2 acute infection (post‐COVID pain) is becoming a new healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and most likely undertreated due to a lack of recognition of the phenomenon and knowledge of the underlying pain mechanisms. Evidence supporting any particular treatment approach for the management of post‐COVID pain is lacking. Large variability in the patient response to any standard pain treatments is clinically observed, which has led to calls for a personalized, tailored approach to treating patients with chronic post‐COVID pain (i.e. ‘precision pain medicine’). Applying the global concerted action towards precision medicine to post‐COVID pain could help guide clinical decision‐making and aid in more effective treatments.MethodsThe current position paper discusses factors to be considered by clinicians for managing post‐COVID pain ranging from identification of the pain phenotype to genetic consideration.ResultsThe ability of clinicians to phenotype post‐COVID pain into nociceptive, neuropathic, nociplastic or mixed type is suggested as the first step to better planification of a treatment programme. Further, the consideration of other factors, such as gender, comorbidities, treatments received at the acute phase of infection for onset‐associated COVID‐19 symptoms, factors during hospitalization or the presence of emotional disturbances should be implemented into a treatment programme.ConclusionsAccordingly, considering these factors, management of post‐COVID pain should include multimodal pharmacological and non‐pharmacological modalities targeting emotional/cognitive aspects (i.e. psychological and/or coping strategies), central sensitization‐associated mechanisms (i.e. pain neuroscience education), exercise programmes as well as lifestyle interventions (e.g. nutritional support and sleep management).SignificanceThis position paper presents an evidence‐based clinical reasoning approach for precision management of post‐COVID pain.
Membrane inlet—ion mobility spectrometry with automatic spectra evaluation as online monitoring tool for the process control of microalgae cultivation
Authors: Cämmerer Malcolm , Mayer Thomas , Schott Carolin , Steingroewer Juliane , Petrich Ralf , Borsdorf Helko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cultivation of algae either in open raceway ponds or in closed bioreactors could allow the renewable production of biomass for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or chemical industries. Optimal cultivation conditions are however required to ensure that the production of these compounds is both efficient and economical. Therefore, high‐frequency analytical measurements are required to allow timely process control and to detect possible disturbances during algae growth. Such analytical methods are only available to a limited extent. Therefore, we introduced a method for monitoring algae release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace above a bioreactor in real time. This method is based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in combination with a membrane inlet (MI). The unique feature of IMS is that complete spectra are detected in real time instead of sum signals. These spectral patterns produced in the ion mobility spectrum were evaluated automatically via principal component analysis (PCA). The detected peak patterns are characteristic for the respective algae culture; allow the assignment of the individual growth phases and reflect the influence of experimental parameters. These results allow for the first time a continuous monitoring of the algae cultivation and thus an early detection of possible disturbances in the biotechnological process.
Japanese attitudes toward risk control in seismic design in light of observation, prediction, and actual performance of building structures
Authors: Suzuki Akiko , Kusaka Akihiro , Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite recent international efforts toward a risk‐conscious approach to advancing seismic design, Japan, a country very prone to earthquakes, remains conservative regarding the consideration of risk‐based seismic hazards in developing seismic designs. This article attempts to interpret the reasons. First, the evolution of Japanese seismic design codes and specifications is introduced, noting that the design seismic loads have remained essentially the same since the revisions implemented in 1981. Second, Japanese efforts in providing and renewing seismic hazard maps are briefly introduced and discussed. The maps have been developed using the data recorded by Japanese strong motion networks. Some unique challenges in preparing seismic hazard maps for the territory of Japan are presented, in light of the observations of actual earthquakes in the past three decades. On many occasions, the damage disclosed in modern buildings remained limited even when the recorded ground motions significantly exceeded the design earthquake level. An inherent conservatism is embedded in the performance criteria imposed on structural systems and elements. Third, political‐legal and sociocultural aspects are discussed. Centralized operation is commonly exercised in Japan for post‐disaster relief efforts, and the general public also values “equality” for such support. The factors naturally encourage cautiousness for the revision of relevant seismic codes and specifications.
Energy consumption calculation of campus buildings based on the law of personnel flow
Authors: Ming‐ming Zhao , Zi‐qiang Lv 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor a certain functional building group, the coupling relationship between the load of a single unit and entire building groups lies in the spatial and temporal patterns personnel distribution. Using the DeST (Designer's Simulation Toolkit) method, the personnel flow trajectory in a university campus in Shanghai was analyzed and the established energy consumption calculation model based on personnel flow trajectory of university buildings. It is proposed that personnel mobility should be included in the application of DeST to predict the total load of building groups. The results show that after the people flow trajectory was included, the total annual accumulated load decreased from 27.01 to 19.39  GWh, reducing by 28.20%; the hourly load fluctuation became more stable, the daily peak load decreased by 22.57%, and the daily peak valley difference decreased by 43.74%. The results suggest that the prediction for the air conditioning load of building complexes would be better when the trajectory of human flow is considered, minimizing unnecessary system scale and investments. Under the “double carbon” policy, the personnel flow trajectory model can effectively reduce waste in air conditioning energy consumption in campus buildings.
Time–frequency signal analysis of flow pulsation in siphon outlet conduit based on HHT considering the pump‐conduit interaction
Authors: Yang Fan , Lin Zhikang , Ding Ping , Jin Xiaoyu , Tang Fangping , Yuan Yao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe unsteady three‐dimensional numerical simulation calculation of the vertical axial flow pump device is performed based on CFD to examine the pressure pulsation and energy distribution features of the water flow within the siphon outlet conduit (SOC) under the hydraulic coupling of the pump and the flow conduit. The pressure pulsation signals (PPS) of monitoring points are decomposed using the Hilbert–Huang approach via empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectrum analysis. The results show that the PPS of monitoring points of the SOC has no obvious periodicity. The low‐frequency range below 20 Hz serves as the primary frequency, and the energy ratio of the high‐frequency signal above 700 Hz is less than 1%. Under the condition of a small flow rate 0.3Qbep, there is obvious high‐frequency pulsation above 500 Hz at the inlet of the upstream section of the SOC, and there are periodic components distributed around 200 Hz. The energy of the pressure pulsation is primarily focused in the low‐frequency range below 40 Hz at the SOC outlet section. The PPS at the top and bottom monitoring points of the hump section are consistent, and the pressure pulsation energy (PPE) is mainly concentrated in the low frequency below 40 Hz. In both the big flow condition (1.2Qbep) and the optimal flow condition (1.0Qbep), the PPE of the monitoring points at the top of the hump section is distributed in the middle and low‐frequency band below 40 Hz, and the energy of monitoring points at the bottom of the hump section is concentrated in the low‐frequency band below 20 Hz, accounting for more than 70%. When the flow rate increases from 0.3Qbep to 1.2Qbep, the peak value of the pressure pulsation coefficient at the main frequency of each monitoring point at the top of the hump section changes little, and the peak value of the pressure pulsation coefficient at the main frequency of each monitoring point at the bottom increases first and then decreases. From the upstream section to the hump section of the SOC, the average frequency of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) of the PPS under different flow conditions shows an overall increasing trend. From the hump section of the SOC to its outlet, the average frequency of each IMF of the PPS decreases under the conditions of 1.0Qbep and 1.2Qbep, and there is no obvious change under the condition of 0.3Qbep.
Optimal sizing of RES and BESS in networked microgrids based on proportional peer‐to‐peer and peer‐to‐grid energy trading
Authors: Lokesh Vankudoth , Badar Altaf Q. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNetworked microgrids emerged from the growing deployment of microgrids in the distribution network. The coordinated operation of networked microgrids offers technical and economical benefits to microgrid owners, customers, grid/utility, and other stakeholders. The optimal capacity sizing of renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systems allows microgrids to minimize costs and maximize reliability. A multi‐objective optimization problem is developed for optimal sizing in a networked microgrid consisting of four different microgrids. The annual energy costs and loss of power supply probability index are taken as objectives. Peer‐to‐peer and peer‐to‐grid energy trading approaches are employed. The peer‐to‐peer energy trading among microgrids employs the proposed “proportional trading method” via a networked microgrid manager or aggregator. The multi‐objective optimization problem formulated is solved using Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization. The individual objective optimization results for annual energy cost and loss of power supply probability are also analyzed. The proposed method decreases the interaction between the grid and the MGs, and the usage of renewable energy sources is enhanced. The capacity of battery energy storage systems is lowered by 96%, 53.2%, 48.86%, 21% for respective microgrids in networked microgrids. The results of proportional peer‐to‐peer energy trading‐based multi‐objective optimization show that trading energy among microgrids minimizes annual energy cost by 0.75% while maintaining system reliability.
A Hybrid Model for Orthogonal Regression
Authors: Kane Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLinear functional relationships are intended to be symmetric and therefore cannot generally be accurately estimated using ordinary least squares regression equations. Orthogonal regression (OR) models allow for errors in both Y and X and therefore can provide symmetric estimates of these relationships. The most well‐established OR model, the errors‐in‐variables (EIV) model, assumes that the observed scatter around the line is due entirely to errors of measurement in Y and X and that the ratio of the error variances is known. If most of the variance around the line is known to be due to the errors of measurement in Y and X, the EIV model can provide an unbiased maximum likelihood estimate for a functional relationship. However, if a substantial part of the variability around the line is due to natural variability, which is not attributable to errors of measurement in Y or X, the ratio of the measurement error variances is not well defined and the EIV model is not directly applicable. The main contribution of this report is the development of a hybrid model that provides plausible estimates for linear functional relationships in cases with substantial natural variability and substantial errors of measurement. An analysis of female and male differential test functioning between an essay test and an objective test used as parts of a licensure examination provides an illustration of the use of the hybrid model.