bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scientific Revolution
Authors: Henry John 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the transformations in scientific understanding that took place during the period usually known as the Scientific Revolution, roughly from 1500 to 1700, It follows the growing emphasis on experiment in science and charts the shift from an Aristotelian and Ptolemaic geocentric view of the universe to a Copernican heliocentric one. It looks at the development of new ideas about the generation of life, anatomy, and physiology. It also looks at the important changes in the culture of knowledge that took place during this period, with the emergence of new kinds of scientific institutions such as the Royal Society in England, and the Royal Academy of Science in France.
Theoretical Visions
Authors: Stanley Matthew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter charts the rise of new kinds of theoretical approaches to the understanding of the natural world from the beginning of the nineteenth century, culminating in the emergence of a distinct discipline of theoretical physics. It looks at contrasting national perspectives on the value of theory in Britain, France, and Germany during the nineteenth century and at debates about the role of mathematics. It looks at the emergence of important new theoretical perspectives such as the conservation of energy, special and general relativity, and quantum theory, and places them in their broader cultural context, culminating with a discussion of the place of theoretical physics in the development of nuclear weapons and post-war Big Science.
A Buddhist Educated Person
Authors: David Warner Cameron 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Demographic, migrational, and educational shifts in Nepal have placed tremendous pressure on monastic institutions in the Himalayan region, especially in Nepal. Increasingly, Himalayan families are opting to have fewer children. At the same time, those families are spending more time each year in Kathmandu or migrating out of Nepal, instead residing in their high Himalayan villages. Concomitantly, the increasing number of secular schools and secular job opportunities, both in rural districts and Kathmandu, have resulted in families from high-altitude districts choosing government and private schools over sending their sons and daughters to be ordained as Buddhist monks and nuns. However, some monasteries have responded to these pressures through reforming their curricula to provide a secular education alongside monastic training. This chapter will focus on one such ‘monastic institute’ in the Pokhara region in which officials expect that 90 per cent of school-age boys who enter the monastery will leave as young adults and engage in secular work. In response to these pressures, this monastic institute provides a secular education alongside contemporary monastic training. From the point of view of monastic officials, what is the value of being trained in a monastery to work in secular vocations? How does the monastic institute work with local secular schools to define a modern education for Himalayan children? This research has implications for ascertaining the future development of the educational sector in the Himalayas as well as the future of institutionalized Himalayan Buddhism writ large.
Contesting Caste at University Sites
Authors: Pfaff-Czarnecka Joanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nepal’s academic social spaces did not comprise Dalit students, until recently. One of the outcomes of Nepal’s social transformation is the significant increase in the social inclusion of Dalits at all educational levels. Yet, looking back at a long history of caste discrimination—including the denigrating representations suggesting that the Dalits do not fit into the realms of canonized knowledge—the young Dalit academicians are still struggling to understand and to render universities (as) their space of belonging. At work are diverse constellations of exclusion, but also very noticeable efforts to enable change and to contest the salience of caste in society and especially at the university premises. This contribution analyses the social university spaces as comprised of diverse sites where Dalits’ academic inclusion is negotiated. The narration follows several personal trajectories, mainly by students, but also by recently appointed Dalit academic staff. The aims are (1) to grasp how caste is negotiated within the university realm and how these negotiations are shaping the nature of contemporary universities and (2) to expand our conceptual framework for understanding the ‘university lives’: suggesting that they comprise diverse socio-spatial sites where different kinds of knowledge are negotiated and, in this vein, trying to grasp the nature of studying. Only by bringing the personal navigations through the university spaces with organizational perspectives can we grasp the modalities of exclusion and exclusion in educational processes.
Counterpart Theory and Counterfactuals
Authors: Hawthorne John , Yli-Vakkuri Juhani 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In 1968, David Lewis provided a translation scheme from the language of quantified modal logic (QML) into the language of counterpart theory (CT), one that he thought would make manifest the truth conditions of absolute or metaphysical modal claims. Lewis’s other main contribution to the logic and semantics of modality is his celebrated 1973 semantics for counterfactual conditionals, which is put forward as a more general theory that subsumes the logic of metaphysical modality. It is natural for the advocate of CT to wish to extend Lewis’s 1968 translation scheme for QML to a language that includes the counterfactual conditional connective. This chapter first examines the translation of QML to counterpart theory proposed by Lewis in 1973, making vivid various challenges that confront anyone wishing to marry counterpart theory with a logic of counterfactuals. It then proposes a superior translation scheme within the framework of Lewis’s own counterpart theory.
The Situationalist Account of Change
Authors: Pickup Martin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a new solution to the problem of change: situationalism. According to this view, parts of reality fundamentally disagree about what is the case and reality as a whole is unsettled (i.e. metaphysically indeterminate). When something changes, parts of the world irreconcilably disagree about what properties it has. From this irreconcilable disagreement, indeterminacy arises. The picture is developed using situations, which are parts of possible worlds; this gives it the name “situationalism.” It allows a B-theory endurance view on which there is genuine incompatibility when things change. There are costs to the view, which are explored, but it is a novel approach which offers a distinct explanation of what happens when things exist through change.
The Logic of Past-Alteration
Authors: Kaiserman Alex 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Is it possible to change the past—to make something that has happened not have happened? Past-alteration is widely believed to be ‘logically impossible’. But despite this, there have been few attempts to actually apply logical resources to the question of whether it is possible to change the past. This chapter articulates a novel tense logic and uses it to argue that past-alteration is possible—with just a single dimension of time—so long as it’s possible for time to have a certain kind of structure: one which is ‘backwards-branching’ and in which the relation of precedence ‘comes apart’ from the relation of succession. The remainder of the chapter explores some of the metaphysical implications of this account of what it is to change the past.
Storytelling
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter One (‘Storytelling’) focuses on constitutional nationalists’ search in the mid-1980s for a way out of the deadlock of typical Northern Irish politics, with special attention given to Brian Friel’s play Making History (1988). This drama focuses on Hugh O’Neill, leader of an Irish rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I. Friel emphasizes O’Neill’s English education, marriage to the daughter of an English colonist, and policy of co-operating with colonial authority, which alternated with armed resistance to England in his career. The chapter argues that this depiction of the nationalist icon complemented SDLP leader John Hume’s contemporaneous efforts to demonstrate to Protestants that they had nothing to fear from a united Ireland and to persuade republicans to engage politically rather than militarily. Historical events discussed include the New Ireland Forum (1983–4) and the Anglo–Irish Agreement (1985). The chapter contends that both influenced the development of the play, and it draws extensively on the National Library of Ireland’s Friel archive to illustrate the dynamic interplay between authorial intent and circumstance in the work of a politically engaged and motivated writer at a crucial juncture in Ireland’s history.
Grieving
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter Three (‘Grieving’) explores Deirdre Madden’s One by One in the Darkness and Seamus Deane’s Reading in the Dark, texts that deal with the lingering effects of personal and political trauma. It opens with a description of reactions to the republican and loyalist paramilitary ceasefires announced in the summer and autumn of 1994. Along with relief and joy at the suspension of the fighting, people felt anger about the lengthy conflict and sorrow for lost loved ones. These novels, conceived as responses to the Troubles and written largely before 1994, were both published in 1996. The chapter argues that they express the grief felt by Northern Ireland’s people for the human cost of the decades of conflict. Madden’s novel focuses on the late-twentieth-century Troubles and Deane’s on the shadows cast by the Troubles of the 1920s, but both illustrate the scale of the damage caused by political injustice and civil strife, as well as the stakes of the peace process.
‘Bred out of the contagion of the throng’
Authors: Houston Lloyd (Meadhbh) 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 reframes the ‘Parnell myth’—the public persona of parliamentary leader Charles Stewart Parnell—as a symbolic edifice within which anxieties concerning the relationship between Irishness and sexual health could be foregrounded and negotiated. Surveying journalistic, biographical, and literary writing about Parnell, including W. B. Yeats’s On Baile’s Strand (1903), J. M. Synge’s The Playboy of the Western World (1907), and James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), this chapter demonstrates how the images of restraint, continence, and regulated passion used to characterize the Chief by his allies before the Split and by modernist authors in its aftermath bequeathed to Irish modernism a sexualized model of artistry rooted in an ideal of self-siring masculine autonomy. It also charts how the tropes of the myth could be used by his detractors to present Parnell as a sexually pathological threat to the integrity of the Irish people.
‘But perhaps this new child will be perfect!’
Authors: Houston Lloyd (Meadhbh) 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 moves beyond more traditional, male-centred framings of the Censorship Act as a matter of sectarian and demographic concern, to chart the responses of women such as Hannah Sheehy-Skeffington, Signe Toksvig, and, in particular, Kate O’Brien to its passage and operation. Surveying the ideological investments and intellectual origins of O’Brien’s sexual politics, it charts how her model of an ideal relationship—one compacted between intelligent, capable, and beautiful individuals, in which sex is the mutually fulfilling realization of shared desire, and children are the products of choice rather than necessity—reflects and responds to ongoing debates concerning birth control and eugenics in European, British, and Irish culture. In the process, it demonstrates how a desire to marry a eugenic conception of sex and sexuality with an investment in individual liberty and social equality could have potentially noxious political implications, even for notionally progressive authors like O’Brien.
Introduction
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the importance of children’s literature in the life of a child. It clarifies the aim of being a guide to beloved classic and contemporary stories written for children, in line with the narratives’ moral and religious stances. As children generally need guidance and moral road maps in life, themes like love, beauty, immortality, evil, and redemption center most of the best fairy tales and children’s stories. The appreciation of repetition varies between young and college readers, as it can signify either vitality or monotony. C. S. Lewis warned that the rising philosophy of education and theories of childrearing undermine confidence in moral certitudes while substituting the dogma that morality is relative.
A Suspicious Science
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this book is to provide a systematic exploration of the ways in which psychology is used in contemporary society. The goal is to refine our understanding of the extent and limits of the field as a science and therefore as a set of discourses about truth, biology, mind, and meaning. In addition to conceptual analysis of empirical research, history and anthropology are employed toward articulating a more interdisciplinary, multilevel, global, humanistic form of psychology. The author’s method includes a critical assessment of the nature of explanations provided through the various uses of psychology. A synthesis of epistemic and contextual constraints eventuate in consideration of the affective nature of belief itself. It is argued that psychology takes on the guise of mythology by boring a human-size hole between belief and explanation. Achieving reflexivity, the flexible, functional languages of psychology establish agency as central to human nature. This is the suspicious sphere of epistemology and influence within which the uses of psychology reside.
Metaphor in Empirical Psychology
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Metaphors of mind and their elaboration into models serve a crucial explanatory role in psychology. The use of analogy to direct observation and interpretation of evidence is foundational. Some of the predominant metaphors employed in empirical psychology in the last 150 is presented. In this chapter, an attempt is made to describe how biology and engineering provide the predominant metaphors for contemporary psychology. A contrast between the discursive and descriptive functions of metaphor use in theory construction serves as a platform for deliberation upon the pragmatic consequences of models derived therefrom. The conclusion contains reflections upon the possibility of an integrative interdisciplinary psychology.
Contemporary Empirical Psychology
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the history of psychology from the mid-20th century to the present. From the neuroscience revolution to cognitive science and the computational theory of the mind, it discusses methodological issues, including the philosophy of statistics and questionable research practices. Critical psychology and other forms of internal critique are explored. Reformulation of the goal of empirical psychology from reductionism to mechanistic explanation is described. The benefits of mechanistic explanation are extolled and a scheme is put forward of an interdisciplinary multilevel form of psychology. The chapter concludes with a discussion of issues in the philosophy of science raised by contemporary psychological sciences.
Popular Psychology
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since the empirical use of psychology does not adequately acknowledge mysterious aspects of the mind such as the transformative powers of love and mystical experience, an industry of popular psychology arose to fill this space of speculation and aspiration. The contrasting knowledge industries offer differing visions of control: empirical psychology is Promethean, seeking to explain the human condition by the virtues of rational and empirical truth-seeking, while popular psychology has Narcissus as its model, providing superstitious rituals to enact the purportedly limitless power of the self. This chapter explores how the popular use of psychology melds science and desire to provide succor through the prescription of ritualized actions.
The Voice of Virtue
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Voice of Virtue illuminates the musical practices at the heart of the Neostoic movement that spread across French lands during the Wars of Religion in the latter half of the sixteenth century. Guided by twin reparative traditions granting music and philosophy therapeutic power, composers and performers across the embattled Catholic and Protestant confessions turned to moral song as a means of repairing personal and collective virtue damaged by the ongoing conflict. Moral song collections enlarged interest in Stoicism by circulating attractive paraphrases of Stoic maxims set to music. Even more importantly, this skillfully composed repertoire of polyphonic song offered a multi-sensory moral practice that would have resonated powerfully for those well-versed in the Stoic ethical program. Bringing together a repertoire of little-known music prints, a lively visual culture, and a rich body of literary and philosophical sources, The Voice of Virtue not only illuminates the influence of Stoicism on music, but also reveals that Neostoicism as an intellectual or cultural movement cannot be fully understood without accounting for its vibrant musical practices.
Introduction
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This introduction proposes the repertoire of moral song as a source for the cultural history of philosophy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Circulating ethical precepts drawn from the mounting revival of Stoic philosophy for a Christian audience, collections of vernacular moral song developed at the intersection of sacred and secular domestic music practices. This liminal position, which increased the appeal and influence of Stoic-inflected moral song for a cross-confessional audience seeking relief from the religious conflicts, also rendered its pagan philosophical borrowings easier to overlook as they were strategically folded into an acceptable Christian framework.
Neostoic Remedies
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the moral crisis posed by the French Wars of Religion and documents the rising interest in the therapeutic powers of both music and philosophy. Although Neoplatonism had been the favored philosophy in French court circles of the mid-sixteenth century, the 1570s and 1580s saw a shift toward Stoicism as a resource for understanding and controlling the passions. During the reign of Henri IV, Stoicism grew to become the dominant stream of thought as Catholics and Protestants developed contemplative and musical strategies of Stoic consolation capable of soothing strife and cultivating constancy in individuals and communities across the francophone world.
Imprinting Virtue
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 outlines the three collections of moral poetry and their numerous musical settings that are the center of this study: Guy du Faur de Pibrac’s Quatrains (1574); the Octonaires de la vanité du monde (c. 1574) by Antoine de Chandieu, Simon Goulart, and Joseph Du Chesne; and Pierre Mathieu’s Tablettes ou Quatrains de la vie et de la mort (1610). Texts from these moral collections inspired polyphonic settings by the most important composers of the day, such as Orlande de Lassus, Paschal de L’Estocart, Guillaume Boni, Claude Le Jeune, and Artus Aux-Cousteaux. The poets, composers, and first audience for the Quatrains, Octonaires, and Tablettes were active participants in the Neostoic resurgence spearheaded by the Catholic magistracy associated with the Palais de Justice in Paris and Reformed Protestant pastor-scholars based in Geneva. Although exhibiting stylistic differences, these three collections were linked through their shared Stoic borrowings, print histories, and musical settings.
The Exercise of Harmony
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the influence of Stoic educational theory and epistemology on the composition and use of Pibrac’s Quatrains. Memorized widely in early modern education and set in abundant musical arrangements, the Quatrains embody the brevity and stylistic restraint so prized in Stoic rhetoric. Not only did these “anti-rhetorical” stylistic priorities deliver a common-sense mode of persuasion, they had gained practical value since ancient times as the ideal format for memorization. Stoic didacticism aimed to shape children into rational beings by building a storehouse of knowledge that would form the bedrock of all future moral reasoning. The repetitions at the heart of this didactic repertoire suggest a mode of moral progress rooted in both intellectual knowledge and lived experience—daily practices capable of forging an invisible community of virtue-lovers united not by religious affiliation but through a shared pursuit of wisdom.
Sound Judgment
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the crisis of musical knowledge provoked by the revival of Skepticism—a movement closely tied to Neostoicism. Although Stoicism played the most pivotal role in shaping early modern theories of the emotions, it was Skepticism that drove the conversation on epistemology, marshaling detailed arguments against an uncritical trust in sensory knowledge. The role of musical hearing, and its relationship to folly or wisdom, attracted significant attention in these Skeptic and Neostoic discussions, driving stylistic reforms that prioritized clarity and comprehension of the musical text over virtuosic compositional pyrotechnics. As the producers of moral song collections grappled with these critical sensory concerns in a period of increased global expansion, they revealed the gendered and racialized stakes of both musical knowledge and virtue.
Conclusion
Authors: Latour Melinda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conclusion returns to the counterintuitive role of pleasure, ambition, and riches in the moral song corpus, revealing striking allegorical musical encounters of desire that rival those in the love corpus. A pressing question raised throughout the vanitas corpus concerns the power of the artistic object and musical performance to simultaneously incite and therapeutically treat desire. Among the ancient schools, the Stoics were famous lovers of allegory and deeply invested in its moral potential. This was one of the Stoic arguments for promoting a theory of moral education that did not call for the censorship of poetry and the arts. Even in cases of immoral or corrupt works, the Stoics taught that one could benefit from exposure to these materials through a process of moral contemplation that could draw out a deeper truth. Guided by this logic, the musical and artistic exercises of Stoic rationality and self-mastery turn out to be surprisingly fleshly and cleverly balanced at the precarious juncture between teaching and temptation.