bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Air Velocity on Self-Paced Exercise Performance in Hot Conditions
Authors: BRIGHT FELICITY M. , CLARK BRAD , JAY OLLIE , PÉRIARD JULIEN D. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effect of different air velocities on heat exchange and performance during prolonged self-paced exercise in the heat.

Methods
Twelve male cyclists performed a 700-kJ time trial in four different air velocity conditions (still air, 16, 30, and 44 km·h−1) in 32°C and 40% relative humidity. Performance, thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses were measured, and heat balance parameters were estimated using partitional calorimetry, including the maximum potential for sweat evaporation (E
max).

Results
Mean power output was lower in still air (232 ± 42 W) than 16 (247 ± 30 W), 30 (250 ± 32 W), and 44 km·h−1 (248 ± 32 W; all P < 0.001), but similar between the 16-, 30-, and 44-km·h−1 air velocity conditions (P ≥ 0.275). E
max was lower in still air (160 ± 13 W·m−2) than 16 (298 ± 25 W·m−2), 30 (313 ± 23 W·m−2), and 44 km·h−1 (324 ± 31 W·m−2) and lower in 16 than 44 km·h−1 (all P < 0.001). Peak core temperature was higher in still air (39.4°C ± 0.7°C) than 16 (39.0°C ± 0.45°C), 30 (38.8°C ± 0.3°C), and 44 km·h−1 (38.8°C ± 0.5°C; all P ≤ 0.002). Mean skin temperature was lower with greater airflow (P < 0.001) but similar in 30 and 40 km·h−1 (P = 1.00). Mean heart rate was ~2 bpm higher in still air than 44 km·h−1 (P = 0.035). RPE was greater in still air than 44 km·h−1 (P = 0.017).

Conclusions
Self-paced cycling in still air was associated with a lower E
max and subsequently higher thermal strain, along with a similar or greater cardiovascular strain, despite work rate being lower than in conditions with airflow. The similarity in performance between the 16-, 30-, and 44-km·h−1 air velocity conditions suggests that airflow ≥16 km·h−1 does not further benefit self-paced exercise performance in the heat because of modest improvements in evaporative efficiency.
Muscle Contributions to Take-Off Velocity in the Long Jump
Authors: YANG KAIWEN , TANG WEN-TZU , LIU SHU-HUA , PANDY MARCUS G. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
A key determinant of long jump performance is the ability to increase the vertical velocity of the center of mass (COM) while minimizing the loss in forward velocity (running speed) during the take-off phase, but exactly how this occurs is not fully understood. We combined a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the body with dynamic optimization theory to simulate the biomechanics of the long jump take-off and determine the contributions of the individual leg muscles to jump performance.

Methods
The body was modeled as a 29-degree-of-freedom skeleton actuated by a combination of muscles and net joint torques. A dynamic optimization problem was solved to reproduce full-body motion and ground-force data recorded from experienced subelite jumpers. The optimization solution then was analyzed to determine each muscle’s contribution to the ground-force impulse and hence the change in velocity of the COM during the take-off phase.

Results
The hip, knee, and ankle extensors dominated the change in velocity of the COM during take-off. Vasti (VAS) generated the highest support impulse and contributed one-third (33%) of the increase in vertical COM velocity generated by all the muscles. Soleus (SOL) and gluteus maximus (GMAX) also developed substantial support impulses and contributed 24% and 16% of the increase in vertical COM velocity, respectively. VAS also generated the highest braking impulse and contributed approximately one-half (55%) of the loss in forward COM velocity generated by all the muscles, whereas SOL and GMAX made much smaller contributions (12% and 7%, respectively).

Conclusions
VAS, SOL, and GMAX contributed nearly three-quarters (73%) of the increase in vertical COM velocity at take-off, suggesting that these muscles ought to be prioritized in strength training programs aimed at improving long jump performance.
Step-Based Metrics and Translations of Physical Activity Guidelines among Adults in the HCHS/SOL
Authors: MOORE CHRISTOPHER C. , CUTHBERTSON CARMEN C. , SOTRES-ALVAREZ DANIELA , CASTANEDA SHEILA F. , CORDERO CHRISTINA , DAVIGLUS MARTHA L. , MOSSAVAR-RAHMANI YASMIN , PERREIRA KRISTA M. , EVENSON KELLY R. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
In a cross-sectional sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults, we aimed to describe step-based metric distributions, estimate their associations with activity counts and self-report, and calibrate step-based translations of current (2018) US physical activity (PA) guidelines, that is, ≥150 min·wk−1 moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from accelerometer counts and self-report.

Methods
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults 18–74 yr from four US cities (2008–2011). Participants completed the Global PA Questionnaire and 1 wk of Actical accelerometer wear (n = 12,528). Weighted medians were used to describe step-based metrics, and Spearman correlations estimated their relationships with count-based and self-reported PA indicators. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses were used to examine the ability of each step-based metric to classify participants meeting PA guidelines.

Results
Overall, US Hispanic/Latino adults accumulated medians of 6770 steps per day and 6, 18, 236, and 630 min·d−1 at ≥100, ≥70, 1–69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively. Count-based time in MVPA, light PA, and sedentary behavior were most strongly correlated (r
s = 0.79–0.85) with times ≥70, 1–69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively, whereas self-reported MVPA had similar correlations with steps per day and times ≥40 and ≥70 steps per minute (r
s = 0.28–0.29). Time ≥70 steps per minute had the greatest capacity to classify participants meeting PA guidelines with both measures of MVPA.

Conclusions
This study provides the first normative values (based on percentiles) of step-based metrics for US Hispanic/Latino adults, which can facilitate surveillance, program planning, research, and data interpretation. Our finding that PA guidelines corresponded to 6000–7000 steps per day or ~20 min·d−1 at ≥70 steps per minute with an Actical accelerometer can be considered alongside dose–response relationships with health outcomes to develop step-based recommendations that are consistent with and better communicate PA guidelines.
Age determination on panoramic radiographs using the Kvaal method with the aid of artificial intelligence
Authors: Pereira de Sousa Douglas , Diniz Lima Elisa , Souza Paulino José Alberto , dos Anjos Pontual Maria Luiza , Meira Bento Patricia , Melo Daniela Pita 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare age estimation on panoramic radiography using the Kvaal method and machine learning (ML). Methods and Materials: 554 panoramic radiographs were selected from a Brazilian practice. To estimate age using the Kvaal method, the following measurements were performed on the upper left central incisors and canines: tooth, pulp and root length; root and pulp width at three different levels: at the enamel–cementum junction (ECJ); midpoint between the enamel–cementum junction and; at the mid root level. For ML age estimation, radiomic, semantic and the radiomic-semantic attribute extractions were assessed. Nineteen semantic and 14 radiomic attributes and a single set of 33 semantic-radiomic attributes were extracted. Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, KNN, SVR, Decision Tree Reg, Random Forest Reg, Gradient Boost Reg e XG Boosting Reg were used for ML classification. For the Kvaal method, Mann–Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Student's t-test and linear regression with its respective coefficient of determination were used to estimate age and to assess data variability. Results: Mean absolute error (MAE) and standard error estimate (SEE) were assessed. For the Kvaal method, upper incisors presented higher precision than canines (R²: 0.335, SSE: 7.108). Males presented better MAE and SEE values (5.29,6.96) than females (5.69,7.37). The radiomic-semantic attributes presented superior precision (MAE: 4.77) than the radiomic and semantic (MAE: 5.23) attributes. The XG Boosting Reg classifier performed better than the other six assessed classifiers (MAE: 4.65). ML (MAE: 4.77 presented higher age estimation precision than the Kvaal method (MAE: 5.68). Conclusion: The use of ML on panoramic radiographs can improve age estimation.
Clinical efficacy and imaging observation of three surgical approaches in treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Xiang-dong , Ma Wei-song , Wang Shun-yi 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To observe the efficacy and imaging of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures via the paravertebral muscle space approach.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with thoracolumbar fractures receiving surgery in Baoding First Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. According to different surgical approaches, they were divided into paravertebral approach group, posterior median approach group and minimally invasive percutaneous approach group. They received surgery via the paravertebral muscle space approach, posterior median approach and minimally invasive percutaneous approach, respectively.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found in surgical duration, intraoperative bleeding volume, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, postoperative drainage volume and hospital stay among the three groups. One year after surgery, the VAS, ADL and JOA scores of the paravertebral approach group and the minimally invasive percutaneous approach group had statistically significant differences from the posterior median approach group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: For the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the clinical efficacy of the paravertebral muscle space approach is superior to that of the traditional posterior median approach, and the clinical efficacy of the minimally invasive percutaneous approach is similar to that of the posterior median approach. All the three approaches can effectively improve the postoperative function and pain symptoms of patients without increasing the incidence of complications. Compared with the posterior median approach, the surgery via the paravertebral muscle space and minimally invasive percutaneous approaches presents shorter surgical duration, less bleeding and shorter hospital stay, which is more conducive to postoperative recovery of patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.3295
How to cite this: Li H, Liu X, Ma W, Wang S. Clinical efficacy and imaging observation of three surgical approaches in treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):902-907. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.3295
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of hyperkalemia on hospitalization days in advanced chronic kidney disease patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study
Authors: Xiaodong Li  , Xinyue Li  , Baoxin Li  , Guo Yancong 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of hyperkalemia at admission on hospitalization days (HDs) among advanced chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) with type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.
Methods: A total of 270 CKD patients with T2DM were prospectively selected from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. These patients were divided into Group-A (n = 150, serum potassium ≤ 5.5 mmol/L) and B (n = 120, serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L). The comparison method between the two groups was taken. Linear correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation method, and multivariate analysis was tested using linear regression.
Results: The study found statistically significant result between the two groups (Group-A vs Group-B): HDs (7.4 (5.3-11.2) vs 12.1 (8.2-16.5), p < 0.001), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) (36.2% vs 55.8%, p = 0.014), systolic blood pressure (148.35 ± 19.51 vs 162.26 ± 21.31, p < 0.05), estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) (20.35) (18.31-25.26) vs13.4 (12.50-18.50), p < 0.001, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (2245.42 ± 61.09 vs 3163.39 ± 85.15,p < 0.001), and Hb (88.45 ± 12.35 vs 72.26 ± 14.2, p = 0.023). Correlation analysis showed that HDs were positively correlated with age, serum potassium, systolic blood pressure, and NT-proBNP, while negatively with eGFR and Hb. After adjusting for relevant confounding variables, the multivariable linear regression analysis showed that hyperkalemia was an independent risk factor for HDs.
Conclusions: Hyperkalemia could be an independent risk factor increasing HDs of advanced CKD patients with T2DM.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6874
How to cite this: Li X, Li X, Li B, Guo Y. Impact of hyperkalemia on hospitalization days in advanced chronic kidney disease patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):885-890. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6874
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessing structure and disorder prediction tools for de novo emerged proteins in the age of machine learning
Authors: Aubel Margaux , Eicholt Lars , Bornberg-Bauer Erich 
Published: March 2023

Background: De novo protein coding genes emerge from scratch in the non-coding regions of the genome and have, per definition, no homology to other genes. Therefore, their encoded de novo proteins belong to the so-called "dark protein space". So far, only four de novo protein structures have been experimentally approximated. Low homology, presumed high disorder and limited structures result in low confidence structural predictions for de novo proteins in most cases. Here, we look at the most widely used structure and disorder predictors and assess their applicability for de novo emerged proteins. Since AlphaFold2 is based on the generation of multiple sequence alignments and was trained on solved structures of largely conserved and globular proteins, its performance on de novo proteins remains unknown. More recently, natural language models of proteins have been used for alignment-free structure predictions, potentially making them more suitable for de novo proteins than AlphaFold2. Methods: We applied different disorder predictors (IUPred3 short/long, flDPnn) and structure predictors, AlphaFold2 on the one hand and language-based models (Omegafold, ESMfold, RGN2) on the other hand, to four de novo proteins with experimental evidence on structure. We compared the resulting predictions between the different predictors as well as to the existing experimental evidence. Results: Results from IUPred, the most widely used disorder predictor, depend heavily on the choice of parameters and differ significantly from flDPnn which has been found to outperform most other predictors in a comparative assessment study recently. Similarly, different structure predictors yielded varying results and confidence scores for de novo proteins. Conclusions: We suggest that, while in some cases protein language model based approaches might be more accurate than AlphaFold2, the structure prediction of de novo emerged proteins remains a difficult task for any predictor, be it disorder or structure.
In integrated View of New Zealand Family Violence Programmes
Authors: MacGill Victor 
Published: March 2023

The models, concepts, and theories commonly used in family violence programme work tend to only employ one perspective. Approaches like CBT, DBT, wise mind, transactional analysis and mindfulness focus on the mind. Many tools like Time Out, Karpman’s Triangle, the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and Duluth Wheels aim at the relationships level of social interaction, while others focus on wider social issues like the Social Atom, the Man Box, and theories of Colonialisation. There is generally a lack of body-based approaches. Individual pieces of a jigsaw have value but become much more powerful when the wider connections and relationships are revealed.
In contrast, Te Whare Tapa Wha provides an excellent indigenous overview of human nature using the metaphor of a house with four interlocking walls to describe tinana, hinengaro, whanau, and wairua. Gregg Henriques’ Unified Theory of Knowledge describes human life as the optimised management of flows of matter, energy, and information operating simultaneously through nested layers of matter, life, mind, culture, and spirit that harmonise with Te Whare Tapa Wha. Each level arises out of and is dependent on the previous layer. The layers are said to rhyme because although there are clear differences, similarities resonate through the whole evolutionary tree. When flows are impeded, or boundaries invaded, abuse and violence results.
This paper attempts to integrate the model and concepts into a coherent practical form that clients can more easily relate to. They were developed through countless hours of exploration with both 1-1 and group clients.
Wojewoda w systemie organów bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego
Authors: Pieprzny Stanisław 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the article is to present the position of the voivode in the system of security authorities and public order in the voivodeship and its powers in relation to managers’ services, inspections and guards constituting the combined administration in the voivodeship. These powers developed since the introduction of the system reform in 1990 in relation to the creation of a dualism of local administrative bodies: local government at the commune level and local general government administration bodies. The basic rights of the voivode in the scope of safety and public order are currently defined in the Act of 23 January 2009 on the voivode and government administration in the voivodship. The Law the Police of 6th of April 1990 states that it is a body of security and public order at the voivodeship level, and that the voivodeship police chief represents the voivode in performing tasks in that regard, except for matters related to operational and exploratory investigations and prosecution of offences, as well as issuing individual administrative acts, if the laws so provide. The performance of tasks by the voivodeship police chief on behalf of the voivode does not mean, however, that the voivode is an official superior over the chief of police. Nor does grouping and superintendence imply the organisational inclusion of the auxiliary apparatus of the voivodeship chief of police in the provincial office, since it is the sovereign decision of the Chief Police Officer to determine the principles of organisation and the scope of action of chiefs. There is also no financial integration. The article also points out that the Act on the Voivode and Government Administration in the Voivodship defines the basic functions of the voivode, which include those related to public security and order in the voivodship. Particular tasks arising from these functions are defined by special laws, endowing the voivode with appropriate legal means for implementing these tasks, including authoritative means.
Compactness estimates for minimizers of the Alt-Phillips functional of negative exponents
Authors: De Silva Daniela , Savin Ovidiu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate the rigidity of global minimizers

u
≥
0

u\ge 0

of the Alt-Phillips functional involving negative power potentials

∫

Ω

(

∣

∇

u

∣

2

+

u

−
γ

χ

{

u
>
0

}

)

d
x
,

γ
∈

(

0
,
2

)

,

\mathop{\int }\limits_{\Omega }(| \nabla u{| }^{2}+{u}^{-\gamma }{\chi }_{\left\{u\gt 0\right\}}){\rm{d}}x,\hspace{1.0em}\gamma \in \left(0,2),

when the exponent

γ

\gamma

is close to the extremes of the admissible values. In particular, we show that global minimizers in

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

are one-dimensional if

γ

\gamma

is close to 2 and

n
≤
7

n\le 7

, or if

γ

\gamma

is close to 0 and

n
≤
4

n\le 4

.
Serum biomarkers of remodeling in severe asthma with fixed airway obstruction and the potential role of KL-6
Authors: Vianello Andrea , Guarnieri Gabriella , Achille Alessia , Lionello Federico , Lococo Sara , Zaninotto Martina , Caminati Marco , Senna Gianenrico 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over 3% of asthmatic patients are affected by a particularly severe form of the disease (“severe asthma”, SA) which is often refractory to standard treatment. Airway remodeling (AR), which can be considered a critical characteristic of approximately half of all patients with SA and currently thought to be the main mechanism triggering fixed airway obstruction (FAO), seems to be a key factor affecting a patient’s outcome. Despite the collective efforts of internationally renowned experts, to date only a few biomarkers indicative of AR and no recognizable biomarkers of lung parenchymal remodeling have been identified. This work examines the pathogenesis of airway and lung parenchymal remodeling and the serum biomarkers that may be able to identify the severe asthmatic patients who may develop FAO. The study also aims to examine if Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) could be considered a diagnostic biomarker of lung structural damage in SA.
Detection of antinuclear antibodies: recommendations from EFLM, EASI and ICAP
Authors: Bonroy Carolien , Vercammen Martine , Fierz Walter , Andrade Luis E.C. , Van Hoovels Lieve , Infantino Maria , Fritzler Marvin J. , Bogdanos Dimitrios , Kozmar Ana , Nespola Benoit , Broeders Sylvia , Patel Dina , Herold Manfred , Zheng Bing , Chan Eric Y.T. , Uibo Raivo , Haapala Anna-Maija , Musset Lucile , Sack Ulrich , Nagy Gabor , Sundic Tatjana , Fischer Katarzyna , Rego de Sousa Maria-José , Vargas Maria Luisa , Eriksson Catharina , Heijnen Ingmar , García-De La Torre Ignacio , Carballo Orlando Gabriel , Satoh Minoru , Kim Kyeong-Hee , Chan Edward K.L. , Damoiseaux Jan , Lopez-Hoyos Marcos , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are important for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases. ANA are usually detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA). There are many variables influencing HEp-2 IFA results, such as subjective visual reading, serum screening dilution, substrate manufacturing, microscope components and conjugate. Newer developments on ANA testing that offer novel features adopted by some clinical laboratories include automated computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems and solid phase assays (SPA).

Methods
A group of experts reviewed current literature and established recommendations on methodological aspects of ANA testing. This process was supported by a two round Delphi exercise. International expert groups that participated in this initiative included (i) the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group “Autoimmunity Testing”; (ii) the European Autoimmune Standardization Initiative (EASI); and (iii) the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP).

Results
In total, 35 recommendations/statements related to (i) ANA testing and reporting by HEp-2 IFA; (ii) HEp-2 IFA methodological aspects including substrate/conjugate selection and the application of CAD systems; (iii) quality assurance; (iv) HEp-2 IFA validation/verification approaches and (v) SPA were formulated. Globally, 95% of all submitted scores in the final Delphi round were above 6 (moderately agree, agree or strongly agree) and 85% above 7 (agree and strongly agree), indicating strong international support for the proposed recommendations.

Conclusions
These recommendations are an important step to achieve high quality ANA testing.