bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Demands, Resources and Reactions in Spanish Social Workers: Differences by Sector Organisation and Employment Status
Authors: Murcia-Álvarez Evelia , Lombardero-Posada Xoán M , Aguiar-Fernández Francisco X , Méndez-Fernández Ana B , González-Fernández Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many states’ social policies have implemented austerity and cuts in the resources dedicated to social services and privatisation in providing these services, all of which have contributed to practitioners’ precariousness in this sector. This study carried out with 448 Spanish social workers assessed job demands, organisational and personal resources, and individual reactions that enhance or impair well-being. The study examined the extent to which demands, resources and reactions differ according to: (i) organisation sector, that is, governmental (GO), private (PO) and third sector (TSO); (ii) employment status, that is, full-timers versus part-timers and (iii) the interaction between organisation sector × employment status. Regarding the organisation sector, the best results were for TSO, followed by GO and PO; according to employment status, full-time employees obtained a better profile than part-time employees; with regard to interactions, part-time employees of PO obtained the worst scores on adaptive variables and the highest scores on maladaptive ones. The article concludes by highlighting some reasons why privatisation, precariousness and bureaucracy benefit employers and the state, whilst harming service users and workers.
Emerging role of topical Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatological disorders: a review
Authors: Dogra Sunil , Sharma Apoorva , Mehta Hitaishi , Sarkar Rashmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) refers to a family of tyrosine kinases that are involved in the production of proinflammatory mediators in response to various extracellular signals. The JAK–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is an appealing target in many inflammatory illnesses as this pathway modulates immune cell activation and T-cell-mediated inflammation in response to several cytokines. The practical considerations of prescription for topical and oral JAK inhibitors (JAKis) in atopic dermatitis, vitiligo and psoriasis have been covered in prior publications. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved the topical JAKi ruxolitinib for atopic dermatitis and nonsegmental vitiligo. None of the remaining first- or second-generation topical JAKis have been approved for topical application in any dermatological indications so far. For this review, the PubMed database was searched using ‘topical’ and ‘JAK inhibitor’ or ‘Janus kinase inhibitor’ or the names of individual drug molecules as the keyword in the title with no date limits. The description of topical JAKi usage in dermatology from the literature was evaluated in each abstract. The current review concentrates on emphasizing the rising use of topical JAKis in both approved and off-label dermatological applications for both old and novel conditions.
Co-twin design in brain imaging—review on biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Varjonen Anni , Schwarz Claudia , Vuoksimaa Eero 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwin samples allow to conduct a quasi-experimental co-twin case–control approach that can control for genetic and environmental confounding in brain–cognition associations, being more informative on causality compared with studies in unrelated individuals. We conducted a review of studies that have utilized discordant co-twin design to investigate the associations of brain imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease and cognition. Inclusion criteria encompassed twin pairs discordant for cognition or Alzheimer's disease imaging markers and reporting of within-twin pair comparison on the association between cognition and brain measures. Our PubMed search (2022 April 23, updated 2023 March 9) resulted in 18 studies matching these criteria. Alzheimer's disease imaging markers have been addressed only by few studies, most with small sample size. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated greater hippocampal volume and thicker cortex in co-twins with better cognitive performance compared with their co-twins with poorer cognitive performance. No studies have looked at cortical surface area. Positron emission tomography imaging studies have suggested that lower cortical glucose metabolism rate and higher cortical neuroinflammation, amyloid, and tau accumulations are related to poorer episodic memory in within-twin pair comparisons. Thus far, only cross-sectional within-twin pair associations of cortical amyloid and hippocampal volume with cognition have been replicated.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of functional connectivity and association with molecular architecture in schizophrenia
Authors: Hou Changyue , Jiang Sisi , Liu Mei , Li Hechun , Zhang Lang , Duan Mingjun , Yao Gang , He Hui , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a self-disorder characterized by disrupted brain dynamics and architectures of multiple molecules. This study aims to explore spatiotemporal dynamics and its association with psychiatric symptoms. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 98 patients with schizophrenia. Brain dynamics included the temporal and spatial variations in functional connectivity density and association with symptom scores were evaluated. Moreover, the spatial association between dynamics and receptors/transporters according to prior molecular imaging in healthy subjects was examined. Patients demonstrated decreased temporal variation and increased spatial variation in perceptual and attentional systems. However, increased temporal variation and decreased spatial variation were revealed in higher order networks and subcortical networks in patients. Specifically, spatial variation in perceptual and attentional systems was associated with symptom severity. Moreover, case–control differences were associated with dopamine, serotonin and mu-opioid receptor densities, serotonin reuptake transporter density, dopamine transporter density, and dopamine synthesis capacity. Therefore, this study implicates the abnormal dynamic interactions between the perceptual system and cortical core networks; in addition, the subcortical regions play a role in the dynamic interaction among the cortical regions in schizophrenia. These convergent findings support the importance of brain dynamics and emphasize the contribution of primary information processing to the pathological mechanism underlying schizophrenia.
Current Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Cryptococcus Infection in Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Multicenter Study in 46 Hospitals in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Coussement Julien , Heath Christopher H , Roberts Matthew B , Lane Rebekah J , Spelman Tim , Smibert Olivia C , Longhitano Anthony , Morrissey Orla , Nield Blake , Tripathy Monica , Davis Joshua S , Kennedy Karina J , Lynar Sarah A , Crawford Lucy C , Crawford Simeon J , Smith Benjamin J , Gador-Whyte Andrew P , Haywood Rose , Mahony Andrew A , Howard Julia C , Walls Genevieve B , O’Kane Gabrielle M , Broom Matthew T , Keighley Caitlin L , Bupha-Intr Olivia , Cooley Louise , O’Hern Jennifer A , Jackson Justin D , Morris Arthur J , Bartolo Caroline , Tramontana Adrian R , Grimwade Katherine C , Au Yeung Victor , Chean Roy , Woolnough Emily , Teh Benjamin W , Chen Sharon C A , Slavin Monica A ,   the Australian and New Zealand Study Group for Cryptococcosis in Patients Without HIV Infection, Alcorn Kylie , Beardsley Justin , Bloch Aaron , Crowe Amy , Doyle Wendy , England Michelle , Griffin David , Hamilton Kate , Korman Tony M , Madigan Victoria , McGann Hugh , Pratt William , Van Hal Sebastiaan , Waters Prue , Williams Eloise 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are increasingly recognized as being at risk for cryptococcosis. Knowledge of characteristics of cryptococcosis in these patients remains incomplete.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of cryptococcosis in 46 Australian and New Zealand hospitals to compare its frequency in patients with and without HIV and describe its characteristics in patients without HIV. Patients with cryptococcosis between January 2015 and December 2019 were included.

Results
Of 475 patients with cryptococcosis, 90% were without HIV (426 of 475) with marked predominance in both Cryptococcus neoformans (88.7%) and Cryptococcus gattii cases (94.3%). Most patients without HIV (60.8%) had a known immunocompromising condition: cancer (n = 91), organ transplantation (n = 81), or other immunocompromising condition (n = 97). Cryptococcosis presented as incidental imaging findings in 16.4% of patients (70 of 426). The serum cryptococcal antigen test was positive in 85.1% of tested patients (319 of 375); high titers independently predicted risk of central nervous system involvement. Lumbar puncture was performed in 167 patients to screen for asymptomatic meningitis, with a positivity rate of 13.2% where meningitis could have been predicted by a high serum cryptococcal antigen titer and/or fungemia in 95% of evaluable cases. One-year all-cause mortality was 20.9% in patients without HIV and 21.7% in patients with HIV (P = .89).

Conclusions
Ninety percent of cryptococcosis cases occurred in patients without HIV (89% and 94% for C. neoformans and C. gattii, respectively). Emerging patient risk groups were evident. A high level of awareness is warranted to diagnose cryptococcosis in patients without HIV.
Predictive value of single-nucleotide polymorphism signature for nephrolithiasis recurrence: a 5-year prospective study
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhang Xin , Zhou Zhen , Sun Yin , Zhang Guangyuan , Duan Xiaolu , Huang Zhicong , Ai Guoyao , Liu Yang , Zhao Zhijian , Zhong Wen , Zeng Guohua 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Genetic variations are linked to kidney stone formation. However, the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and stone recurrence has not been well studied. This study aims to identify genetic variants associated with kidney stone recurrences and to construct a predictive nomogram model using SNPs and clinical features to predict the recurrence risk of kidney stones.

Methods
We genotyped 49 SNPs in 1001 patients who received surgical stone removal between Jan 1 and Dec 31 of 2012. All patients were confirmed stone-free by CT scan and then received follow-up at least 5 years. SNP associations with stone recurrence were analyzed by Cox proportion hazard model. A predictive nomogram model using SNPs and clinical features to predict the recurrence risk of kidney stones was developed by use of LASSO Cox regression.

Results
The recurrence rate at 3, 5, 7 years were 46.8%, 71.2%, and 78.4%, respectively. 5 SNPs were identified that had association with kidney stone recurrence risk. We used computer-generated random numbers to assign 500 of these patients to the training cohort and 501 patients to the validation cohort. A nomogram that combined the 14-SNPs-based classifier with the clinical risk factors was constructed. The areas under the curve (AUCs) at 3, 5 and 7 years of this nomogram was 0.645, 0.723, and 0.75 in training cohort, and was 0.631, 0.708, and 0.727 in validation cohort, respectively. Results show that the nomogram presented a higher predictive accuracy than those of the SNP classifier or clinical factors alone.

Conclusion
SNPs are significantly associated with kidney stone recurrence and should add prognostic value to the traditional clinical risk factors used to assess the kidney stone recurrence. A nomogram using clinical and genetic variables to predict kidney stone recurrence has revealed its potential in the future as an assessment tool during the follow-up of kidney stone patients.
Towards an individualized management of pubertal induction in girls with hypogonadism: insight into the best replacement outcomes from a large multicentre registry
Authors: Rodari Giulia , Federici Silvia , Todisco Tommaso , Ubertini Graziamaria , Cattoni Alessandro , Pagano Marta , Giacchetti Federico , Profka Eriselda , Citterio Valeria , Messetti Dario , Collini Valentina , Soranna Davide , Carbone Erika , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Persani Luca , Cappa Marco , Bonomi Marco , Giavoli Claudia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
An evidence-based pubertal induction scheme in hypogonadal girls is still to be established. Interestingly, literature data report a suboptimal uterine longitudinal diameter (ULD) in &gt;50% of treated hypogonadal women, negatively influencing their pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate auxological and uterine outcomes of pubertal induction in girls in the light of underlying diagnosis and therapeutic schemes used.

Design
Retrospective analysis of longitudinal data from a multicentric registry.

Methods
Auxological, biochemical, and radiological data were collected at baseline and during follow-up in 95 hypogonadal girls (chronological age &gt; 10.9 years, Tanner stage ≤ 2) treated with transdermal 17β-oestradiol patches for at least 1 year. Induction was started at a median dose of 0.14 mcg/kg/day with a 6-monthly increase and was considered completed for 49/95 patients who started progesterone with a concomitant oestrogen adult dose.

Results
At the end of induction, the achievement of the complete breast maturation was associated with a 17β-oestradiol dose at progesterone introduction. ULD showed a significant correlation with a 17β-oestradiol dosage. Final ULD was &gt;65 mm in only 17/45 girls. At multiple regression analysis, pelvic irradiation represented the major determinant of reduced final ULD. After correction for uterine irradiation, ULD was associated with the 17β-oestradiol dose at progesterone introduction. Final ULD was not significantly different from the one assessed after progesterone introduction.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that progestins, hampering further changes in uterine volume and breast development, should be introduced only in the presence of a concomitant adequate 17β-oestradiol dose and an appropriate clinical response.
Intergenerational Transmission of Holocaust Trauma: Lily Brett’s The Auschwitz Poems, an Insight into the Unique Female Concentrationary Experience
Authors: Miñano Mañero Laura 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Holocaust and trauma studies have significantly relied on survivors’ autobiographical writing. Countless survivors have felt morally compelled to bear witness, even though raising their voices constantly triggered traumatic memories. Consistent research throughout the decades, however, has revealed that Holocaust trauma is not only limited to survivors, but an ongoing event affecting their children as well. Many second-generation survivors, as their parents, have experienced the urge to write about the Holocaust. This article analyzes the earliest poetry collection of Australian author Lily Brett, who was born to Polish survivors. The Auschwitz Poems provides an outstanding framework from which to reflect not only on the legacy of Holocaust trauma, but also on its direct connections with poetic expression, and, simultaneously, the underlying dimension of gender relationships bonding both generations.
The Struggle against Timelessness: Prisoner Experiences of Time in Nazi Concentration Camps
Authors: Putnam Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which timelessness affected prisoners in Nazi concentration camps and how some prisoners attempted to track time. By depriving prisoners of timekeeping methods, the Schutzstaffel (SS) sought to deprive them of a sense of future and therefore hope. Going against the idea that the SS achieved absolute power, however, is the evidence that some prisoners managed to keep track of time, albeit in unconventional ways. This research looks at the material records of timekeeping from the camps, from graffiti writing to recovered personal possessions, in conjunction with survivor testimony to understand exactly how prisoners were able to track time. The ability to keep time was of material and emotional benefit to many prisoners, allowing them to intercept food parcels, avoid beatings, mentally sustain themselves during difficult hours and days, connect through religion, and plan for the future. By opening a window into how prisoners were able to track time, this research contributes to the literature on daily life in the camps and demonstrates the value of integrated studies of prisoner life, showing how prisoner groups communicated and how their communication affected prisoner hierarchies, power, and survival.
Responsiveness to Vedolizumab Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis is Associated With Alterations in Immune Cell-Cell Communications
Authors: Hsu Paul , Choi, Eunice J , Patel, Shefali A , Wong, William H , Olvera, Jocelyn G , Yao, Priscilla , Liu Yi Chia , Tsai Matthew S , Wang Wei , Boland Brigid S , Chang John T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease are 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic digestive disorders caused by aberrant immune responses to intestinal microbes. Although changes in the composition of immune cell subsets in the context of IBD have been previously described, the interactions and communication among cells are less well understood. Moreover, the precise mechanisms of action underlying many biologic therapies, including the anti-α4β7 integrin antagonist vedolizumab, remain incompletely understood. Our study aimed to explore possible additional mechanisms through which vedolizumab acts.

Methods
We performed cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) on peripheral blood and colon immune cells derived from patients with ulcerative colitis treated with the anti-α4β7 integrin antagonist vedolizumab. We applied a previously published computational approach, NicheNet, to predict immune cell-cell interactions, revealing putative ligand-receptor pairs and key transcriptional changes downstream of these cell-cell communications (CCC).

Results
We observed decreased proportions of T helper 17 (TH17) cells in UC patients who responded to vedolizumab and therefore focused the study on identifying cell-cell communications and signals of TH17 cells with other immune cells. For example, we observed that colon TH17 cells from vedolizumab nonresponders were predicted to have a greater degree of interactions with classical monocytes compared with responders, whereas colon TH17 cells from vedolizumab responders exhibited more interactions with myeloid dendritic cells compared with nonresponders.

Conclusions
Overall, our results indicate that efforts to elucidate cell-cell communications among immune and nonimmune cell types may increase the mechanistic understanding of current and investigational therapies for IBD.
Participatory-based bio-economic activity mapping of small-scale fisheries: towards holistic management in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Murillas-Maza A , Mugerza E , Bachiller E , Errazkin L A , Louzao M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to improve the understanding of the spatial distribution of small-scale inshore fisheries (SSF) in coastal waters of the Bay of Biscay. The study used a participatory process, in which fishers, regional administration, and researchers were involved in supplying the data. Displayed on a 1-km2 grid, the data for effort and catch composition, variable costs, revenue, and profits at each site show the spatial patterns of the main SSF metier activities. This information indicates the economic value of the fishing grounds and the cost of reaching those areas, which can reveal possible trade-offs for more distant fishing grounds. Trammelnet vessels are widely dispersed, following economic incentives, while longliners also demonstrate high mobility, using many fishing sites, though the economic incentive does not always lead to high benefits. A narrow expansion range with activity close to the coastal area (trap, gillnet, and trammelnet users) suggests that the target-species stocks maintain their economic profitability even though it is lower than that in other coastal fleets. Such information helps develop a holistic approach to SSF management in this multi-use region by increasing the availability of high-quality multidisciplinary geospatial data, currently in short supply for this fleet.
Chronic 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Use Is Related to Glutamate and GABA Concentrations in the Striatum But Not the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Zimmermann Josua , Zölch Niklaus , Coray Rebecca , Bavato Francesco , Friedli Nicole , Baumgartner Markus R , Steuer Andrea E , Opitz Antje , Werner Annett , Oeltzschner Georg , Seifritz Erich , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian , Cole David M , Quednow Boris B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a widely used recreational substance inducing acute release of serotonin. Previous studies in chronic MDMA users demonstrated selective adaptations in the serotonin system, which were assumed to be associated with cognitive deficits. However, serotonin functions are strongly entangled with glutamate as well as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission, and studies in MDMA-exposed rats show long-term adaptations in glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling.

Methods
We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure the glutamate-glutamine complex (GLX) and GABA concentrations in the left striatum and medial anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 44 chronic but recently abstinent MDMA users and 42 MDMA-naïve healthy controls. While the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved-spectroscopy sequence (MEGA-PRESS) is best suited to quantify GABA, recent studies reported poor agreement between conventional short–echo-time PRESS and MEGA-PRESS for GLX measures. Here, we applied both sequences to assess their agreement and potential confounders underlying the diverging results.

Results
Chronic MDMA users showed elevated GLX levels in the striatum but not the ACC. Regarding GABA, we found no group difference in either region, although a negative association with MDMA use frequency was observed in the striatum. Overall, GLX measures from MEGA-PRESS, with its longer echo time, appeared to be less confounded by macromolecule signal than the short–echo-time PRESS and thus provided more robust results.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that MDMA use affects not only serotonin but also striatal GLX and GABA concentrations. These insights may offer new mechanistic explanations for cognitive deficits (e.g., impaired impulse control) observed in MDMA users.
TIGIT-based immunotherapeutics in lung cancer
Authors: Patel Akshay J , Middleton Gary W 
Published: May 2023

Summary
In this review, we explore the biology of the TIGIT checkpoint and its potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. We briefly review a highly selected set of clinical trials that have reported or are currently recruiting in non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, a disease transformed by the advent of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. We explore the murine data underlying TIGIT blockade and further explore the reliance of effective anti-TIGIT therapy on DNAM-1(CD226)-positive activated effector CD8+ T cells. The synergism with anti-PD-1 therapy is also explored. Future directions in the realm of overcoming resistance to checkpoint blockade and extending the repertoire of other checkpoints are also briefly explored.