bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of mutational clonality in predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urothelial cancer
Authors: Boll Lilian Marie , Perera-Bel Júlia , Rodriguez-Vida Alejo , Arpí Oriol , Rovira Ana , Juanpere Núria , Vázquez Montes de Oca Sergio , Hernández-Llodrà Silvia , Lloreta Josep , Albà M. Mar , Bellmunt Joaquim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment and can result in complete remissions even at advanced stages of the disease. However, only a small fraction of patients respond to the treatment. To better understand which factors drive clinical benefit, we have generated whole exome and RNA sequencing data from 27 advanced urothelial carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. We assessed the influence on the response of non-synonymous mutations (tumor mutational burden or TMB), clonal and subclonal mutations, neoantigen load and various gene expression markers. We found that although TMB is significantly associated with response, this effect can be mostly explained by clonal mutations, present in all cancer cells. This trend was validated in an additional cohort. Additionally, we found that responders with few clonal mutations had abnormally high levels of T and B cell immune markers, suggesting that a high immune cell infiltration signature could be a better predictive biomarker for this subset of patients. Our results support the idea that highly clonal cancers are more likely to respond to ICI and suggest that non-additive effects of different signatures should be considered for predictive models.
Tongue retraction using a McIvor blade improves airway condition during fiberoptic intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Jiyoun , Han Sung-Hee , Kim Jin-Hee , Park Seongjoo , Lee Ji Hyeon , Kim Hyeong Geun , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAirway clearance is crucial for successful fiberoptic intubation. We hypothesized that tongue retraction using a McIvor blade could facilitate fiberoptic intubation. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare intubation time and airway condition between the jaw thrust maneuver and tongue retraction with the McIvor blade during fiberoptic intubation. Ninety-four adult patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups. During fiberoptic intubation, airway clearance was secured by applying the jaw-thrust maneuver (J group) or by tongue retraction using the McIvor blade (M group). We assessed the total intubation time, number of attempts for tube advancement, and airway clearance at the soft palate and epiglottis levels. The total intubation time was significantly shorter in the M group than in the J group (p = 0.035). The number of attempts to advance the tube was significantly lower in the M group (p = 0.033). Airway clearance at the soft palate level was significantly better in the M group than in the J group (p = 0.027). Retracting the tongue with the McIvor blade demonstrated a better condition for fiberoptic intubation and shortened total intubation time compared with the jaw-thrust maneuver.Clinicalregistiration: CRIS; http://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0002392) registered 28/07/2017.
DHA and EPA levels in a piscivorous fish changed by preying upon stocked salmon fry
Authors: Hasegawa Koh , Yano Yutaka , Honda Kentaro , Ogura Yuhei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncreases in prey population size can affect the physiology and ecology of upper-trophic level organisms. This phenomenon is known as a bottom-up effect. For example, the increased abundance of prey resources can trigger physiological (internal) changes in predators, such as improvements in nutritional status. However, these physiological aspects of bottom-up effects have not been considered. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis, a salmonid fish, increases body stores of omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), by preying upon stocked hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou fry in streams. The dynamics of fatty acid contents in charr inhabiting salmon-stocked and unstocked streams clearly support this hypothesis: fatty acid contents (DHA, EPA, and total fatty acid) increased after stocking in stocked streams, but not in unstocked streams. In addition, DHA increased with increasing body size of white-spotted charr and vice versa for EPA. The impacts of human activities, such as fish stocking, on freshwater ecosystems are a matter of serious concern for conservation. Future attempts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of fish stocking should consider not only community ecology but also physiology.
Using artificial intelligence algorithms to reconstruct the heat transfer coefficient during heat conduction modeling
Authors: Gawronska Elzbieta , Zych Maria , Dyja Robert , Domek Grzegorz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe article shows the usage of swarming algorithms for reconstructing the heat transfer coefficient regarding the continuity boundary condition. Numerical calculations were performed using the authors’ own application software with classical forms of swarm algorithms implemented. A functional determining error of the approximate solution was used during the numerical calculations. It was minimized using the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) and ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). The considered in paper geometry comprised a square (the cast) in a square (the casting mold) separated by a heat-conducting layer with the coefficient $$\kappa $$
κ
. Due to the symmetry of that geometry, for calculations, only a quarter of the cast-mold system was considered. A Robin’s boundary condition was assumed outside the casting mold. Both regions’ inside boundaries were insulated, but between the regions, a continuity boundary condition with nonideal contact was assumed. The coefficient of the thermally conductive layer was restored using the swarm algorithms in the interval $$900{-}1500 \; [\mathrm{W/m}^{2}\textrm{K} $$

900
-
1500

[

W
/
m

2

K

] and compared with a reference value. Calculations were carried out using two finite element meshes, one with 111 nodes and the other with 576 nodes. Simulations were conducted using 15, 17, and 20 individuals in a population with 2 and 6 iterations, respectively. In addition, each scenario also considered disturbances at 0$$\%$$
%
, 1$$\%$$
%
, 2$$\%$$
%
, and 5$$\%$$
%
of the reference values. The tables and figures present the reconstructed value of the $$\kappa $$
κ
coefficient for ABC and ACO algorithms, respectively. The results show high satisfaction and close agreement with the predicted values of the $$\kappa $$
κ
coefficient. The numerical experiment results indicate significant potential for using artificial intelligence algorithms in the context of optimization production processes, analyze data, and make data-driven decisions.
To explore the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using diffusion tensor image
Authors: Qin Yi , Liu Jihua , Zhang Xuening , Fan Xiaonong , Li Guiping , Chang Yinghui , Li Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo explore the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using the diffusion tensor image on 3.0 T MR. The healthy people and the patients with Bell's palsy underwent intraparotid facial nerve scanning by using the DTI and T1 structural sequence at 3.0 T MR. The raw DTI data were performed affine transformation and nonlinear registration in the common MNI152_T1 space and resampled to the 0.4 mm3 voxel size. A group of 4 spherical seed regions were placed on the intratemporal facial nerves in the common space, bilaterally and symmetrically. The DTI data in the common space were used to track the intratemporal facial nerve fibers by using TrackVis and its Diffusion Toolkit. Each tractography was used to construct the maximum probability map (MPM) according to the majority rule. The fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated and extracted on the basis of MPM. For healthy people, there was no significant difference in FA, MD, RD and AD of bilateral facial nerves. For patients with Bell's palsy, there was no significant difference in AD, there was significant difference in FA, MD and RD between the affected nerve and the healthy nerve (P < 0.02). This study showed that the myelin sheath injury of the intratemporal facial nerve is the main cause of Bell's palsy. Most neural axons are not damaged. The results may explain the pathogenesis of the Bell's palsy, which is self-limited for most cases.
Remdesivir increases mtDNA copy number causing mild alterations to oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: DeFoor Nicole , Paul Swagatika , Li Shuang , Basso Erwin K. Gudenschwager , Stevenson Valentina , Browning Jack L. , Prater Anna K. , Brindley Samantha , Tao Ge , Pickrell Alicia M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 causes the severe respiratory disease COVID-19. Remdesivir (RDV) was the first fast-tracked FDA approved treatment drug for COVID-19. RDV acts as an antiviral ribonucleoside (adenosine) analogue that becomes active once it accumulates intracellularly. It then diffuses into the host cell and terminates viral RNA transcription. Previous studies have shown that certain nucleoside analogues unintentionally inhibit mitochondrial RNA or DNA polymerases or cause mutational changes to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These past findings on the mitochondrial toxicity of ribonucleoside analogues motivated us to investigate what effects RDV may have on mitochondrial function. Using in vitro and in vivo rodent models treated with RDV, we observed increases in mtDNA copy number in Mv1Lu cells (35.26% increase ± 11.33%) and liver (100.27% increase ± 32.73%) upon treatment. However, these increases only resulted in mild changes to mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, skeletal muscle and heart were extremely resistant to RDV treatment, tissues that have preferentially been affected by other nucleoside analogues. Although our data suggest that RDV does not greatly impact mitochondrial function, these data are insightful for the treatment of RDV for individuals with mitochondrial disease.
Longitudinal change in castration-resistant prostate cancer biomarker AST/ALT ratio reflects tumor progression
Authors: Mitsui Yozo , Yamabe Fumito , Hori Shunsuke , Uetani Masato , Aoki Hiroshi , Sakurabayashi Kei , Okawa Mizuho , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated whether aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and its change during the course of treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients is associated with tumor condition and lethality. Clinical data from 130 CRPC patients were retrospectively evaluated. AST/ALT ratios at the time of prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), CRPC diagnosis, and the final follow-up examination after CRPC treatment were calculated for each. The prognostic capabilities of the AST/ALT ratio for overall survival (OS) were analyzed by use of the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox hazard models. The median AST/ALT ratio at PC diagnosis was 1.517 and the optimal value predicting lethality defined by the receiver operating curve was 1.467. The AST/ALT ratio decreased once during ADT and then elevated in a stepwise manner with cancer progression. In surviving patients, the median AST/ALT ratio at the time of PC diagnosis was 1.423, which did not change longitudinally, whereas that in patients later deceased was significantly higher (1.620) and further elevated after CRPC diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated significantly worse OS in patients with an AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1.467, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis. These findings indicate AST/ALT ratio as a prognostic biomarker for CRPC with longitudinal changes reflecting tumor progression.
Small RNA sequencing analysis of exosomes derived from umbilical plasma in IUGR lambs
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Li Huixia , Zheng Xiaomin , Liu Yuan , Zhao Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the summer, pregnant ewes experience heat stress, leading to the occurrence of IUGR lambs. This study aims to explore the biomarkers of exosomal miRNAs derived from umbilical plasma in both IUGR and normal Hu lambs. We establish a heat-stressed Hu sheep model during mid-late gestation and selected IUGR and normal lambs for analysis. Exosomes from umbilical plasma were separated and small RNA sequencing is used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Next, we utilize MiRanda to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs. To further understand the biological significance of these miRNAs, we conduct GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for their target genes. The study’s findings indicate that oar-miR-411a-5p is significantly downregulated in exosomes derived from umbilical plasma of IUGR lambs, while oar-miR-200c is significantly upregulated in the HS-IUGR group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrate that the target genes are involved in the Wnt, TGF-beta, and Rap1 signaling pathways. miRNAs found in exosomes have the potential to be utilized as biomarkers for both the diagnosis and treatment of IUGR fetuses.
Species-specific lipophilicities of fluorinated diketones in complex equilibria systems and their potential as multifaceted reversible covalent warheads
Authors: Columbus Ishay , Ghindes-Azaria Lee , Herzog Ido Michael , Blum Eliav , Parvari Galit , Eichen Yoav , Cohen Yoram , Gershonov Eytan , Drug Eyal , Saphier Sigal , Elias Shlomi , Smolkin Boris , Zafrani Yossi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCombined molecular, physicochemical and chemical properties of electrophilic warheads can be applied to create covalent drugs with diverse facets. Here we study these properties in fluorinated diketones (FDKs) and their multicomponent equilibrium systems in the presence of protic nucleophiles, revealing the potential of the CF2(CO)2 group to act as a multifaceted warhead for reversible covalent drugs. The equilibria compositions of various FDKs in water/octanol contain up to nine species. A simultaneous direct species-specific 19F-NMR-based log P determination of these complex equilibria systems was achieved and revealed in some cases lipophilic to hydrophilic shifts, indicating possible adaptation to different environments. This was also demonstrated in 19F-MAS-NMR-based water-membrane partitioning measurements. An interpretation of the results is suggested by the aid of a DFT study and 19F-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy. In dilute solutions, a model FDK reacted with protected cysteine to form two hemi-thioketal regioisomers, indicating possible flexible regio-reactivity of CF2(CO)2 warheads toward cysteine residues.
Active acoustic field modulation of ultrasonic transducers with flexible composites
Authors: Hou Chenxue , Li Zhaoxi , Fei Chunlong , Li Yi , Wang Yecheng , Zhao Tianlong , Quan Yi , Chen Dongdong , Li Xiaoping , Bao Weimin , Yang Yintang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe simple acoustic field generated by conventional transducers limits the development of ultrasound applications. Current methods rely on passive acoustic lenses or active arrays to manipulate ultrasonic waves, but they face challenges such as low transmission efficiency with bulky morphology for lenses, and complex systems with high-cost for arrays. Here, we propose a method exploiting flexible piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (FPUT) with 1-3 PZT8/PDMS composites to achieve a high-frequency and diversified ultrasonic field. The FPUT at a center frequency of 1.5 MHz exhibits a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt ~ 0.74), excellent transmission efficiency, and mechanical conformability. We showcase two dynamic functionalities of our setup, namely variable acoustic focus and multi-order vortex generated by circular and spiral shape transducers. Finally, we show that the FPUT achieves high-resolution underwater ultrasonic imaging at a wide spatial range (>12λ) via ultrasonic collimation, offering a viable technological alternative for active acoustic fields manipulation and ultrasonic applications.
Dementia and Hearing Aid Use and Cessation: A National Study
Authors: Powell Danielle S. , Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Oh Esther , Deal Jennifer A. , Samus Quincy M. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Reed Nicholas S. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The current standard for management of hearing loss in the United States involves the use of a hearing aid. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of a hearing aid may be less effective in the context of dementia, though national data on use and cessation are not described.

Method:
This longitudinal analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study followed participants who self-reported hearing aid use to estimate risk of hearing aid cessation over 9 years. We examine whether hearing aid cessation differs by dementia status using generalized estimating equations logistic regression accounting for loss to follow-up. Supplemental analyses were undertaken to examine the contribution of caregiving and environmental factors on hearing aid cessation.

Results:

Of 1,310 older adults who reported hearing loss (25% 80–84 years, 51% women, 74% White), 22% with dementia and 57% baseline hearing aid use. Dementia increased likelihood of ceasing hearing aid use during the first year after adoption (
OR
= 2.07, 95% CI [1.33, 3.23],
p
interaction = .11). In later years, older adults with either a previous or recent diagnosis of dementia had a 95% higher odds of hearing aid cessation (
OR
= 1.95, 95% CI [1.31, 2.90]), a decrease in odds with respect to the first year after adoption, when compared to participants without dementia, after adjusting for demographic, health, and economic factors. Economic and social factors that may influence care demands (more caregivers, income-to-poverty ratio, and additional insurance) increased likelihood for cessation for those with dementia.

Conclusions:
Older adults with (vs. without) dementia are more likely to cease hearing aid use over time, most notably during the first year after adoption. Strategies to support hearing ability, such as self-management or care partner education, may improve communication for those living with co-occurring hearing loss and dementia.
An Investigation of Barriers and Enablers for Genetics in Speech-Language Pathology Explored Through a Case Study of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Lauretta Mariana L. , Jarmolowicz Anna , Amor David J. , Best Stephanie , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Advancements in genetic testing and analysis have allowed improved identification of the genetic basis of childhood apraxia of speech, a rare speech presentation. This study aimed to understand speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') consideration of incorporation of genetics in clinical practice using a theory-informed qualitative approach.

Method:
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 pediatric SLPs using a behavior change theory (Theoretical Domains Framework [TDF]) within a case study describing a child with complex co-occurring features, including childhood apraxia of speech. Interviews focused on three stages of the patient journey (prereferral, referral, and postreferral). Interviews were analyzed to identify barriers and enablers to considering incorporation of genetics in current clinical practice. Barriers and enablers were grouped and mapped onto a contextually relevant TDF-coded analysis framework.

Results:
Barriers were identified across several TDF domains, through all stages of the patient journey. Lack of confidence, relevance, and level of experience were most common prereferral, and connection to and awareness of genetics services and contextual factors were barriers in the referral stage. Perception of professional role, knowledge, and beliefs about effects on families were barriers postreferral. Associated enablers were also identified, including seeing value in genetic diagnosis, support from other health care professionals, supervision, and relationships with genetics services.

Conclusions:
Results of this qualitative study highlight barriers and enablers to incorporating genetics into speech-language pathology clinical practice. These findings will assist in the development of theory-informed implementation strategies to support SLPs into the future.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24112800
A review of design frameworks for human‐cyber‐physical systems moving from industry 4 to 5
Authors: van‐Lopik Katherine , Hayward Steven , Grant Rebecca , McGirr Laura , Goodall Paul , Jin Yan , Price Mark , West Andrew A. , Conway Paul P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWithin the Industry 4.0 landscape, humans collaborate with cyber and physical elements to form human‐cyber‐physical systems (HCPS). These environments are increasingly complex and challenging workspaces due to increasing levels of automation and data availability. An effective system design requires suitable frameworks that consider human activities and needs whilst supporting overall system efficacy. Although several reviews of frameworks for technology were identified, none of these focused on the human in the system (moving towards Industry 5). The critical literature review presented provides a summary of HCPS frameworks, maps the considerations for a human in HCPS, and provides insight for future framework and system development. The challenges, recommendations, and areas for further research are discussed.
Robust multi‐objective model predictive control for constrained nonlinear systems with disturbances
Authors: Wu Jie , Xue Jingyuan , Liu Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work develops a new robust multi‐objective model predictive control (MoMPC) strategy for constrained non‐linear systems with bounded disturbances. The multiple objectives are always contradictory, and the presence of disturbances may result in the violation of state constraints and instability of the controlled system. Firstly, the conflict between multiple objectives is reconciled by minimizing the distance of the cost function vector to the vector of independently minimised objectives obtained by solving a set of steady‐state optimisation problems. Then the contractive state set, which takes into account the effect of disturbances on system states, is constructed to guarantee the robust satisfaction of state constraints. Finally, a stability constraint updated online by solving an auxiliary optimization problem is established to ensure the robust stability of the system under MoMPC. An isothermal chemical reactor system is employed to verify the effectiveness of the controller proposed here.