bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the double-slit experiment distinguish between quantum interpretations?
Authors: Ayatollah Rafsanjani Ali , Kazemi MohammadJavad , Bahrampour Alireza , Golshani Mehdi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the astonishing successes of quantum mechanics, due to some fundamental problems such as the measurement problem and quantum arrival time problem, the predictions of the theory are in some cases not quite clear and unique. Especially, there are various predictions for the joint spatiotemporal distribution of particle detection events on a screen, which are derived from different formulations and interpretations of the quantum theory. Although the differences are typically small, we show that these predictions can be experimentally distinguished by a proposed unconventional double-slit configuration, which is realizable using present-day single-atom interferometry. This experiment would enrich our understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Plasma proteomics discovery of mental health risk biomarkers in adolescents
Authors: de Sousa Maciel Izaque , Piironen Aino-Kaisa , Afonin Alexey M. , Ivanova Mariia , Alatalo Arto , Jadhav Kaustubh Kishor , Julvez Jordi , Foraster Maria , van Kamp Irene , Kanninen Katja M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn estimated 10–20% of adolescents experience mental health conditions, and most of them remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. Discovering new susceptibility biomarkers is therefore important for identifying individuals at high risk of developing mental health problems, and for improving early prevention. Here we aimed to discover plasma protein-based susceptibility biomarkers in children/adolescents aged 11–16 years at risk of developing mental health issues. Risk was evaluated on the basis of self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores, and plasma proteomic data were obtained for individuals participating in the Spanish WALNUTs cohort study by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify the biological processes and pathways in which the identified biomarker candidates are involved; 58 proteins were significantly associated with the SDQ score. The most prominent enriched pathways related to these proteins included immune responses, blood coagulation, neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration. This exploratory study revealed several alterations of plasma proteins associated with the SDQ score in adolescents, which opens a new avenue to develop novel susceptibility biomarkers to improve early identification of individuals at risk of mental health problems.
Modeling Parkinson’s disease in LRRK2 rodents
Authors: Domenicale Chiara , Magnabosco Stefano , Morari Michele 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sporadic PD and LRRK2 PD share main clinical and neuropathological features, namely hypokinesia, degeneration of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. Animals harboring the most common LRRK2 mutations, i.e. p.G2019S and p.R1441C/G, have been generated to replicate the parkinsonian phenotype and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Disappointingly, however, LRRK2 rodents did not consistently phenocopy hypokinesia and nigro-striatal degeneration, or showed Lewy body-like aggregates. Instead, LRRK2 rodents manifested non-motor signs and dysregulated transmission at dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic synapses that are reminiscent of behavioral and functional network changes observed in the prodromal phase of the disease. LRRK2 rodents also manifested greater susceptibility to different parkinsonian toxins or stressors when subjected to dual-hit or multiple-hit protocols, confirming LRRK2 mutations as genetic risk factors. In conclusion, LRRK2 rodents represent a unique tool to identify the molecular mechanisms through which LRRK2 modulates the course and clinical presentations of PD and to study the interplay between genetic, intrinsic and environmental protective/risk factors in PD pathogenesis.
Neural Changes in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy
Authors: Spencer Caroline , Vannest Jennifer , Preston Jonathan L. , Maas Edwin , Sizemore Erin Redle , McAllister Tara , Whalen D. H. , Maloney Thomas , Boyce Suzanne 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) have shown differences in neural function for speech production, as compared to their typical peers; however, information about how these differences may change over time and relative to speech therapy is needed. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional activation and connectivity on adaptations of the syllable repetition task (SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds) in children with RSSD before and after a speech therapy program.

Method:
Sixteen children with RSSD completed an fMRI experiment before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) a speech therapy program with ultrasound visual feedback for /ɹ/ misarticulation. Progress in therapy was measured via perceptual ratings of productions of untreated /ɹ/ word probes. To control for practice effects and developmental change in patterns of activation and connectivity, 17 children with typical speech development (TD) completed the fMRI at Time 1 and Time 2. Functional activation was analyzed using a region-of-interest approach and functional connectivity was analyzed using a seed-to-voxel approach.

Results:
Children with RSSD showed a range of responses to therapy. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not observe any statistically significant cross-sectional differences or longitudinal changes in functional activation. A negative relationship between therapy effect size and functional activation in the left visual association cortex was on the SRT-Late Sounds after therapy, but it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Significant longitudinal changes in functional connectivity were observed for the RSSD group on SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, as well as for the TD group on the SRT-Early Sounds. RSSD and TD groups showed connectivity differences near the left insula on the SRT-Late Sounds at Time 2.

Conclusion:
RSSD and treatment with ultrasound visual feedback may thus be associated with neural differences in speech motor and visual association processes recruited for speech production.
Stereoscopic disambiguation of vector magnetograms: First applications to SO/PHI-HRT data
Authors: Valori G. , Calchetti D. , Moreno Vacas A. , Pariat É. , Solanki S. K. , Löschl P. , Hirzberger J. , Parenti S. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Álvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Campos-Jara A. , Feller A. , Gandorfer A. , García Parejo P. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Gómez Cama J. M. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J. 
Published: July 2023

Contact. Spectropolarimetric reconstructions of the photospheric vector magnetic field are intrinsically limited by the 180° ambiguity in the orientation of the transverse component. So far, the removal of such an ambiguity has required assumptions about the properties of the photospheric field, which makes disambiguation methods model-dependent.
Aims. The successful launch and operation of Solar Orbiter have made the removal of the 180° ambiguity possible solely using observations of the same location on the Sun obtained from two different vantage points.
Methods. The basic idea is that the unambiguous line-of-sight component of the field measured from one vantage point will generally have a nonzero projection on the ambiguous transverse component measured by the second telescope, thereby determining the “true” orientation of the transverse field. Such an idea was developed and implemented as part of the stereoscopic disambiguation method (SDM), which was recently tested using numerical simulations.
Results. In this work we present a first application of the SDM to data obtained by the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) on board Solar Orbiter during the March 2022 campaign, when the angle with Earth was 27 degrees. The method was successfully applied to remove the ambiguity in the transverse component of the vector magnetogram solely using observations (from HRT and from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) for the first time.
Conclusions. The SDM is proven to provide observation-only disambiguated vector magnetograms that are spatially homogeneous and consistent. A discussion on the sources of error that may limit the accuracy of the method, and strategies to remove them in future applications, is also presented.
Correlation between the optical veiling and accretion properties
Authors: Nelissen M. , Natta A. , McGinnis P. , Pittman C. , Delvaux C. , Ray T. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Classical T Tauri stars (cTTs) accrete from their circumstellar disk. The material falls onto the stellar surface, producing an accretion shock, which generates veiling in a star’s spectra. In addition, the shock causes a localized accretion spot at the level of the chromosphere.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the accretion, particularly the mass accretion rates (Ṁacc), for the cTTs DK Tau, over two periods of 17 and 29 days, using two different procedures for comparison purposes.
Methods. The first method relies on the derivation of the accretion luminosity via accretion-powered emission lines. The second compares the variability of the optical veiling with accretion shock models to determine mass accretion rates. We used observations taken in 2010 and 2012 with the ESPaDOnS (Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars) spectropolarimeter at the CFHT (Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope).
Results. We find peak values of the veiling (at ∼550 nm) ranging from 0.2 to 1.3, with a steeper trend across the wavelength range for higher peak values. When using the accretion-powered emission lines, we find mass accretion rate values ranging from log (Ṁacc[M⊙ yr−1]) = −8.20 to log (Ṁacc[M⊙ yr−1]) = −7.40. This agrees with the values found in the literature, as well as the values calculated using the accretion shock models and the veiling. In addition, we identify a power-law correlation between the values of the accretion luminosity and the optical veiling. For the 2010 observations, using the values of the filling factors (which represent the area of the star covered by an accretion spot) derived from the shock models, we infer that the accretion spot was located between +45° and +75° in latitude.
Conclusion. We show that both methods of determining the mass accretion rate yield similar results. We also present a helpful means of confirming the accretion luminosity values by measuring the veiling at a single wavelength in the optical.
Integrating Evidence-Based Perfusion Into Practices: The International Consortium for Evidence-Based Perfusion
Authors: Likosky Donald S. 
Published: July 2023

There is surmounting pressure for clinicians domestically and abroad not only to practice evidence-based perfusion, but also to supplement practice with documentation thereof. In this editorial, I shall describe an international initiative aimed at embracing this dictum from patients, regulatory bodies, and payers.
“Research is the only hope that the future will be different than the past”—Daniel Mintz, MD
“Practical men who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences are usually the slaves of some defunct economist…. It is ideas not vested interests which are dangerous for good or evil.”—John Maynard Keynes
Insulin Glargine is More Suitable Than Exenatide in Preventing Muscle
Loss in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with NAFLD
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Ruwen , Gao Jian , Yan Jianhua , Zhang Jingtian , Zhang Zhitian , Liu Jiaojiao , Lin Huandong , Rao Shengxiang , Yao Xiuzhong , Wu Weiyun , Bian Hua , Wang Xiangyu , Guo Shanshan , Gao Xin , Yan Hongmei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim This study investigated the effects of insulin glargine and exenatide
on the muscle mass of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previously study, a
24-week randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT02303730). Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive insulin
glargine or exenatide treatment. The changes in psoas muscle area (PMA)
(mm2) were obtained with the cross-sectional Dixonfat magnetic
resonance images at the fourth lumber vertebra.
Results There were no significant differences in age, BMI, gender, and PMA
in insulin glargine and exenatide groups at baseline. After treatment, PMA
tended to increase by 13.13 (–215.52, 280.80) mm2 in the
insulin glargine group and decrease by 149.09 (322.90–56.39)
mm2 in the exenatide group (both p>0.05). Subgroup
analysis showed a 560.64 (77.88, 1043.40) (mm2) increase of PMA in
the insulin group relative to the Exenatide group in patients with
BMI<28 kg/m2 (p0.031) after
adjusting for gender, age, and research center. Interaction analysis showed an
interaction between BMI and treatment (p0.009). However, no interaction
was observed among subgroups with a
BMI≥28 kg/m2 or with different genders
and ages.
Conclusion Compared to exenatide, insulin glargine can relativity increase
PMA in patients with T2DM having BMI<28 kg/m2
and NAFLD.
Adventures in Total Synthesis – The Next Chapter
Authors: Chen David Yu-Kai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis account summarizes the author’s endeavors in target-oriented synthesis at Seoul National University since 2011. A collection of the most celebrated molecules in total synthesis are revisited and the author’s solutions to these historical challenges are presented. In particular, the unique perception of their molecular frameworks and unprecedented bond-forming sequences form the basis of the newly developed strategies. Together with a ‘personal touch’ on these selected stories, the author hopes that this account will offer new insights and fresh perspectives for all levels of enthusiasts of target-oriented total synthesis.1	Introduction2.1	Synthesis of Strychnine2.2	Synthesis of Actinophyllic Acid2.3	Synthesis of Dendrobine2.4	Synthesis of Communesin2.5	Synthesis of Morphinans2.6	Synthesis of Reserpine2.7	Synthesis of Quinine and Quinidine2.8	Synthesis of Haouamine2.9	Future Work3	Summary and Outlook4	Abbreviations
Tandem Oxidative Reaction of 1,3-Diarylpropenes and 5-Aminopyrazoles
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Li Jing-Hua , Xu Xiaoliang , Gu Huafang , Xia Hongshuang , Wang Yawei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles with 1,3-diarylpropenes mediated by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, with subsequent intramolecular cyclization and dehydroaromatization in the presence of Cu(OTf)2/tert-butyl hydroperoxide, gave a series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction has the advantages of high atom economy, a wide substrate scope, and a one-pot procedure.
Liver Biopsy and Pressure Hemodynamics: IR Perspective
Authors: Jain Aakash , Hughes III Joseph A. , Tavri Sidhartha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiver biopsy is important for staging of liver disease and cirrhosis and can be performed by many techniques. While percutaneous biopsy is fast, safe, effective, and widely available, transvenous biopsy, most often performed from the transjugular approach, offers many advantages for selected patients. In the setting of suspected or confirmed portal hypertension, transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB), most commonly performed by interventional radiologists, can be used to simultaneously obtain core biopsies of the liver and measure hemodynamic pressures in the right atrium, hepatic vein, and portal vein to calculate a hepatic venous pressure gradient. TJLB can be performed safely when percutaneous biopsy is contraindicated, including in the setting of ascites, coagulopathy, anticoagulation, and other high-risk bleeding situations. The procedure can be performed in the outpatient setting in a short period of time for most patients and without the use of precious anesthesia resources. Hepatic venography also allows for variant anatomy evaluation that may be important in the diagnosis and planning of future procedures, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
A Rare Treatable Complication of Neuroregression in Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 Management: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Shamnur Asha , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Vamyanmane Dhananjaya K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 is a rare treatable inborn error of metabolism caused due to deficiency of the enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. A restrictive lysine and tryptophan diet has significantly improved the outcome of presymptomatically diagnosed glutaric aciduria type 1 children. Here we present the case of a 6-month-old male infant with glutaric aciduria type 1 diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetically confirmed case on therapy with homemade diet modification. The patient later developed regression of milestones at 16 months of age while on treatment with good compliance. On examination, pallor and hypopigmented sparse hair with knuckle hyperpigmentation were noted. Investigation revealed low vitamin B12 levels. On vitamin B12 supplementation, the child showed significant improvement. A reversible cause needs to be looked for in patients on dietary restriction and formula feeds treated for metabolic disorders.
Rates of Internal Hiring of Ophthalmology Faculty from their Institution of Training at Top Academic Medical Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rizk Emanuelle M. , Wang Jiangxia , Zhao Xiyu , Tsou Brittany , Metiku Beruk E. , Cho Katie , Samineni Pranav , Sridhar Jayanth , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Throughout graduate and postgraduate education, trainees need to gauge the impact of training location on future institutions of practice.
Objective We assessed rates of internal hiring of ophthalmology faculty at academic institutions from their same institution of training.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We included 1,246 clinical ophthalmology faculty at the 13 top-ranked institutions listed in the 2021 U.S. News and World Report. Primary, emeritus, adjunct, and affiliate faculty were included. Publicly available information was collected from institutional websites and other online sources. Statistical analyses were conducted using t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests, chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression. The main outcome measured was internal hires, defined as faculty who had completed residency and/or fellowship training at their current institution.
Results In total, 47.3% of faculty were internal hires who completed residency or fellowship at the same institution. Among externally trained faculty, 27.7% completed residency and 56.0% completed fellowship at another top 13 programs. Internal hires were more frequently fellowship-trained, had a greater number of publications, and practiced in smaller departments (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). A greater proportion of internal hires held leadership positions (p = 0.012). Faculty practicing in the Midwest or West and with more years since residency graduation were less likely (odds ratio [OR], 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.48; OR, 0.49, 95% CI, 0.31–0.78; OR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.97–0.99, respectively) to be internal hires. Faculty with non-R01 National Institutes of Health funding were more likely to be internal hires (OR, 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–2.96).
Conclusions Training institution is key to determining the institution of practice. These results may be beneficial for trainees to consider when selecting a training program.
Role of Genetic Markers in Dental Caries: A Literature Review
Authors: Sharma Disha , Bhandary Srikala 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction This article reviews the literature on the role of genetic markers in the initiation and progression of dental caries and provides a modern understanding of the disease etiology. Dental caries is a complex, chronic, multifactorial disease which is influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Identification of genetic risk factors will help screen and identify susceptible patients to better understand the contribution of genes in caries etiopathogenesis to formulate various diagnostic and novel therapeutic approaches in the management of the disease.
Materials and Methods Innovations and ideas were retrieved based on the literature in journals and textbooks indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database. The theories obtained are then summarized into a continuous series; thus, readers can more easily understand the ideas and innovations offered.
Results Through interactions of the involved gene products, genetic markers have been constructed and provide us with insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying caries. There can also be gene–gene interactions or gene–environment interactions that create epigenetic effects that all possibly contribute to caries risk and resistance. A variety of caries markers have been identified, including genes affecting salivary flow rates and composition, tooth formation genes, as well as immune genes.
Conclusion Information derived from various diverse studies will provide new tools to target individuals and/or populations for a more efficient and effective implementation of new preventive measures and diagnostic and novel therapeutic approaches in the management of dental caries.
Psycho-oncology/Supportive Care in Head–Neck Cancers Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sinha Shwetabh , Pandey Saket , Salins Shirley L. , Salins Naveen , Deodhar Jayita , Gupta Tejpal , Laskar Sarbani G. , Budrukkar Ashwini , Swain Monali , Kumar Anuj , Murthy Vedang , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Joshi Poonam , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Menon Nandini , Patil Vijay , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Prabhash Kumar , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: July 2023

An elevated level of distress is associated with poor health-related quality of life (QoL), decreased patient satisfaction, poor treatment compliance, and possible reduced survival. This randomized trial, conducted at a single center in India, enrolled head–neck cancer patients aged > 18 years who were undergoing curative intent radiation therapy, and had significant baseline distress as per the National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress thermometer (distress score ≥ 4). The patients were randomized into the Standard arm (STD), which involved routine assessment by the oncologist, or the Interventional arm (INV), where psycho-oncology/palliative/supportive care referral was done at baseline and every week during treatment. The study's primary endpoint was the proportion of patients having significant distress 6 months' posttreatment. A total of 212 patients were randomized (n = 108 STD, n = 104 INV). At 6 months' post-treatment completion, 90 and 89 were evaluable in the STD and INV, respectively. The median distress score was 2 in both arms at this time point. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients having significant distress in STD versus INV (9 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.20). There was an improvement in any symptom measured by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Score (pain, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, lack of appetite) and the QoL for the entire cohort with no statistically significant difference between arms for symptoms, QoL, or survival endpoints. Psycho-oncology and palliative/supportive care referral did not impact distress, symptom burden, QoL, or survival at 6 months' posttreatment completion significantly in this randomized trial.
Clinical Trial Registry of India Registration number: CTRI/2016/01/006549.