bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysimeter deep N fertilizer placement reduced leaching and improved N use efficiency
Authors: Rychel Vide , Meurer Katharina H. E. , Getahun Gizachew Tarekegn , Bergström Lars , Kirchmann Holger , Kätterer Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep fertilization has been tested widely for nitrogen (N) use efficiency but there is little evidence of its impact on N leaching and the interplay between climate factors and crop N use. In this study, we tested the effect of three fertilizer N placements on leaching, crop growth, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a lysimeter experiment over three consecutive years with spring-sown cereals (S1, S2, and S3). Leaching was additionally monitored in an 11-month fallow period (F1) preceding S1 and a 15-month fallow period (F2) following S3. In addition to a control with no N fertilizer (Control), 100 kg N ha−1 year−1 of ammonium nitrate was placed at 0.2 m (Deep), 0.07 m (Shallow), or halved between 0.07 m and 0.2 m (Mixed). Deep reduced leachate amount in each cropping period, with significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the drought year (S2) and cumulatively for S1-S3. Overall, Deep reduced leaching by 22, 25 and 34% compared to Shallow, Mixed and Control, respectively. Deep and Mixed reduced N leaching across S1-S3 compared with Shallow, but Deep further reduced N loads by 15% compared to Mixed and was significantly lowest (p < 0.05) among the fertilized treatments in S1 and S2. In S3, Deep increased grain yields by 28 and 22% compared to Shallow and Mixed, respectively, while nearly doubling the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) and the recovery efficiency of N (REN). Deep N placement is a promising mitigation practice that should be further investigated.
Assessing molecular diversity among 87 species of the Quercus L. genus by RAPD markers
Authors: Bellusci Giovanna , Braglia Roberto , Di Marco Gabriele , Redi Enrico Luigi , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOaks (Quercus sp.) are among the most ecologically and economically important woody Angiosperms of the northern hemisphere. Nowadays, the reduction of Quercus biodiversity is becoming a matter of global concern, and several oak species have been included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Consequently, characterization and preservation strategies for the oak germplasm are largely promoted. Thus, in this work, the genetic diversity existing among 87 different Quercus species was assessed using the RAPD markers, in order to better typify these specimens, to show the amazing DNA variability of this plant genus, and to confirm or infer new putative molecular correlations. Our data were discussed taking into consideration the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships previously proposed by the literature. In general, the obtained results corroborated that the evolutionary pattern of Quercus genus has been extremely intricate and continues to change rapidly, making it difficult to be fully resolved. The evidence collected in the present investigation would confirm the complex evolution of the oaks, due to their high migration capacity, divergence rate, and hybridization propensity. This research, performed on a so large series of species, represents a positive contribution for highlighting the genetic diversity within collections of Quercus germplasm and favouring ex-situ conservation programmes.
Promising effect of Geranium robertianum L. leaves and Aloe vera gel powder on Aspirin®-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats: anxiolytic behavioural effect, antioxidant activity, and protective pathways
Authors: Bawish Basma M. , Rabab Mariem A. , Gohari Safaa T. , Khattab Marwa S. , AbdElkader Naglaa A. , Elsharkawy Samar H. , Ageez Amr M. , Zaki Manal M. , Kamel Shaimaa , Ismail Eman M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Many drugs have been restricted in the treatment of gastric ulcers (GU). So, herbal medicines are now in great demand for their better cultural acceptability, compatibility, and minimal side effects. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the protective efficacy of Aloe vera gel and Geranium robertianum extracts against Aspirin®-induced GU in Wistar rats.

Methods
Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of both herbs were analysed. Then, we divided forty female Wistar rats into five groups: a negative control group, a positive control group of Aspirin®-induced GU, and pretreated groups with Aloe Vera, geranium, and Famotidine (reference drug). The locomotor disability, anxiety-like behaviour, and ultrasonography were assessed. Ultimately, scarification of animals to determine gastric juice pH and ulcer index. Then the collection of stomach and liver for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, besides tracing the oxidative stress biomarkers and related genes.

Results
High content of polyphenols was revealed in both extracts. The pretreatment with Aloe vera gel and geranium showed significant antioxidant activities with free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing power (FRAP). Moreover, they improved the stomach architecture and alleviated anxiety-like behaviour and motor deficits. They significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), inflammatory, and oxidative stress genes (NF-KB, HO-1, Nrf-2) while increasing the Keap-1 in gastric mucosa.

Conclusion
Data presented a significant protective effect of Aloe vera gel and geranium against Aspirin®-induced GU; they reduced gastric mucosal injury with potential anxiolytic effects through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, they may be considered promising agents for preventing or treating gastric ulceration.
Archaeological Research in the Canary Islands: Island Archaeology off Africa’s Atlantic Coast
Authors: Mitchell Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIsland archaeology is a well-established field within the wider discipline, but African contributions to it remain scarce. The Canary Islands are unusual in the broader African context for their relatively long history of occupation (~2000 years) and the intensity with which archaeological research has been, and is, undertaken there. Much of that research, however, has focused on specifically Canarian issues, including efforts to demonstrate connections between the islands’ initial settlement and the Classical Mediterranean world. Relatively little of it has been conducted within the broader comparative framework that an island archaeology perspective provides. Additionally, much of the Canarian literature is not directly accessible to non-Hispanophones. In response, I synthesize what is currently known about the archaeology of the Canary Islands, focusing on determining when, how, and by whom they were first settled; the impacts of human settlement on their environments; inter-island variability in precolonial subsistence, social, and political trajectories; and the record left by European contact and subsequent colonization, which began in the 14th century AD. As well as pointing to further opportunities for research within the archipelago, I simultaneously map out several areas where archaeological work there could contribute to wider debates in island archaeology as a whole.
Resistance saturation in semi-conducting polyacetylene molecular wires
Authors: Valli Angelo , Tomczak Jan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRealizing the promises of molecular electronic devices requires an understanding of transport on the nanoscale. Here, we consider a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for semi-conducting trans-polyacetylene molecular wires in which we endow charge carriers with a finite lifetime. The aim of this exercise is two-fold: (i) the simplicity of the model allows an insightful numerical and analytical comparison of the Landauer and Kubo linear-response formalism; (ii) we distill the prototypical characteristics of charge transport through gapped mesoscopic systems and compare these to bulk semiconductors. We find that both techniques yield a residual differential conductance at low temperatures for contacted polyacetylene chains of arbitrary length—in line with the resistivity saturation in some correlated narrow-gap semiconductors. Quantitative agreement, however, is limited to not too long molecules. Indeed, while the Landauer transmission is suppressed exponentially with the system size, the Kubo response only decays hyperbolically. Our findings inform the choice of transport methodologies for the ab initio modelling of molecular devices.
Electropolishing influence on biocompatibility of additively manufactured Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr: in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Luo J. P. , Lv K. P. , Tang J. C. , Wu Z. Z. , Liu Y. L. , Luo J. T. , Lai Y. X. , Yan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBalling defect of the additively manufactured titanium lattice implants easily leads to muscle tissue rejection, which might cause failure of implantation. Electropolishing is widely used in surface polishing of complex components and has potential to deal with the balling defect. However, a clad layer could be formed on the surface of titanium alloy after electropolishing, which may affect the biocompatibility of the metal implants. To manufacture lattice structured β-type Ti-Ni-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) for bio-medical applications, it is necessary to investigate the impact of electropolishing on material biocompatibility. In this study, animal experiments were conducted to investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of the as-printed TNTZ alloy with or without electropolishing; and proteomics technology was used to elaborate the results. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) a 30% oxalic acid electropolishing treatment was effective in solving balling defects, and ~21 nm amorphous clad layer would be formed on the surface of the material after polishing; (b) the electropolished TNTZ suggested decreased cell cytotoxicity and improved blood biocompatibility as compared to as-printed TNTZ; (c) the amorphous clad layer could make a barrier to prevent Ta and Zr ions from penetrating into the muscle tissue, and could form a good tissue regeneration at the implantation site during 4 weeks, indicating that the electropolished TNTZ has the potential as implants; and (d) the cells attached to the electropolished TNTZ showed higher antioxidant capacity but less proliferation than attached to as-printed TNTZ.
Graphical Abstract
Structural and Physical Comparison Between CS/PVP Blend and CS/PVP/Sr-Hexaferrite Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Ramadan Rania , Ismail A. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCS/PVP blend embedded by Sr-hexaferrite nanoparticles as a novel composite material to improve the optical and magnetic properties of composite samples. This work aimed to study and compare the functional and physical properties of CS/PVP film after and before adding SrFe12O19 with different weight percentages to form nanocomposite film with chemical formula CS/PVP/x Wt% SrFe12O19; x = 1, 3, 5 and 7. SrFe12O19 was prepared successfully by using citrate auto-combustion methods, then added to CS/PVP blend with different weight percentages. XRD shows the formation of Sr-hexaferrite in a single phase with an average crystallite size 44 nm. The semi-crystalline nature of CS/PVP film decreases with the addition of Sr-hexaferrite. FTIR displays the interaction between CS/PVP and SrFe12O19 by changing the intensity and broadening the OH band. HRTEM images show that SrFe12O19 has a rod structure and has average particle size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The coercivity value increased by increasing the weight% of nanofiller as it increased from 421 Oe for SrFe12O19 to 4502.6 and 4488.2 Oe for x = 3 wt% and 7 wt% for SrFe12O19. The transition between the top of the valance band and the bottom of the conduction band in CS/PVP/ x Wt % SrFe12O19; x = 1, 3, 5, 7 system occurred through the indirect transition.
Emotional citizens, detached interest groups? The use of emotional language in public policy consultations
Authors: Fink Simon , Ruffing Eva , Burst Tobias , Chinnow Sara Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn public consultations, policymakers give stakeholders access to the policymaking process in exchange for technical or political information. Our article proposes to analyze not only the policy positions, but the emotional content of consultation contributions. In our descriptive study, we explore two conjectures: First, citizens contributions to public consultations display more emotions than contributions by corporate actors, and second, contributions mentioning concrete policies display more emotions than contributions referring to the abstract policy framework. We use dictionary-based sentiment coding to analyze ~ 7300 contributions to the consultation of German electricity grid construction planning. Our analysis shows that citizens’ contributions contain more emotional terms, especially voicing fear. Moreover, if contributions refer to a specific power line, they contain less joy, but more fear and sadness. Thus, we show a way to conceptualize and measure the link between public policies and the emotions they trigger.
Interaction of biopolymers with graphene for bio-electronic applications
Authors: Bayoumy Ahmed M. , A. Ibrahim Medhat , Osman Ahmed , Abdelmoneim Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular modelling concepts always prove to be an efficient technique for studying the interaction between various substances prior to experimental work. They were utilized for investigating the interaction of chitosan (Cs) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biopolymers with a modified graphene structure (G). Geometry optimization calculations were carried out using PM6 method. Results illustrate that the proposed interactions are all stable; however, the interaction site has no role in the resulting energy values. The calculated energies for the G-CMC interactions are quite lower than those for the G-Cs ones indicating quite higher stability for the former group. On contrary to energy, the proposed interaction active site has a significant part in determining total dipole moment (TDM) and hence reactivity of the structures. The calculated quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters show that the interaction of graphene with these biopolymers lowers its hydrophobicity. Modification of Cs and CMC with graphene has a significant positive impact on enhancing their electrical features. The resulting bandgap of the proposed structures is lower than half of their original values. Bandgap values of the G-CMC proposed structures are quite lower than those of the G-Cs ones. An experimental trial was carried out by printing a sixty-layer simple electrode of both biocomposite inks via InkJet printing technique. Then, Sheet resistance and charge mobility measurements were conducted. Results demonstrate that the sheet resistance of the G-Cs printed electrode is about five times higher than that of the G-CMC one. Such result was confirmed by the measured Hall Effect measurement which showed that the charge mobility in the G-CMC electrode is much greater than that in the G-Cs one. Both theoretical and experimental parts agree that the G-CMC biocomposite has much more electrical conductivity than the G-Cs, proposing it as a potential candidate for bio-electronic applications.
Investigation of the analytical and numerical solutions with bifurcation analysis for the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Mehanna M. S. , Shaalan M. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) equation by three powerful analytical methods: the $$\exp _{a}$$

exp
a

function method, the $$(\frac{G'}{G})$$

(

G
′

G

)

-expansion method, and the Sine-Gordon expansion method. This equation describes the nonlinear wave propagation in many applications like waves of evolutionary shallow water, electrical networks, and engineering devices. Moreover, we study the solutions numerically via the finite difference method. We analyze the bifurcation of dynamical system resulting from the BKP equation. Finally, the majority of our solutions are displayed graphically to present the strength of imposed methods.
Design and optimization of highly sensitive multi-band terahertz metamaterial biosensor for coronaviruses detection
Authors: EL-Wasif Zienab , Ismail Tawfik , Hamdy Omnia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents the design and characterization of a highly Q-Factor and ultrasensitive THz refractive-index-based metamaterial biosensor for detecting coronaviruses at electronic infusion device (EID) concentrations $$0.01$$

0.01

and $$1000$$

1000

. The proposed biosensor is constructed using a gold plane perforated by a star shape. Moreover, the developed structure is polarization insensitive due to the rotatory symmetry and is angularly stable up to 90°. The proposed biosensor achieves near-perfect absorption at $$1.9656$$

1.9656

THz and $$3.3692$$

3.3692

THz. The full width at half-maximum is $$5.276\%$$

5.276
%

and $$0.641\%$$

0.641
%

comparative to the absorption frequency. In addition, the estimated free space absorptivity is 97.2% and 99.1% with a Q-Factor of 19.08 and 155.98 at 1.9656 THz and 3.3692 THz, respectively, when transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) was selected. The perforated star-shaped was evaluated for IBV (Family of COVID-19) regarding frequency deviation, sensitivity, and figure of merit. Results show that at 1.9656 THz, the proposed design gives 30.8 GHz, 940.49 GHz/RIU, and 8.6, respectively, for 0.01 (EID/5 µL concentration) and 4.4 GHz, 2200 × 103 GHz/RIU, and 20,215.014, respectively at 1.9612 THz for 1000 (EID/5 µL concentration). Although the obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed THz metamaterial biosensor in coronavirus detection, it has also been extended for other types of viruses, including H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, and FAdV, based on the slight variations in their refractive indices. Additionally, the influence of the design parameters is optimized in order to achieve better performance.
Impact of self-phase modulation on the operation of Fourier domain mode locked lasers
Authors: Aşırım Özüm Emre , Huber Robert , Jirauschek Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers are a class of frequency-swept lasers that are used to generate optical pulses with a wide sweep range, high repetition rate, and a low instantaneous bandwidth. They are commonly used in sensing and imaging applications, especially in optical coherence tomography. Ideally, the aspired features in the design of FDML lasers include a high coherence length, large sweep bandwidth, adjustable output power, and a high signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, the SNR of the output signal of FDML lasers is often lower than desired due to the presence of several irregularities in the output signal pattern, most notably because of the frequent occurrence of sharp power dips, also known as holes. These power dips originate due to the nonlinear gain dynamics of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) that is employed in FDML lasers, while the occurrence frequency and strength of these dips are determined by the interaction of the FDML laser components, which involve the SOA, the tunable Fabry–Perot filter, and the optical delay fiber. Suppressing these power dips not only increases the output signal quality in terms of SNR, but also precludes the accumulation of phase offsets between subsequent roundtrips and facilitates convergence. As both current and future applications of FDML lasers are likely to require a higher signal power, in this paper, we are going to investigate the effect of self-phase modulation (SPM) in the optical fiber on dip formation and convergence. Since fiber nonlinearity, intracavity signal power, and fiber length all contribute to SPM, investigation of the effect of SPM on the formation of power-dips and operational convergence is critical. More importantly, the phase-mismatch that is caused by fiber-based SPM cannot be compensated easily in an FDML laser as in the case of chromatic dispersion, which necessitates a strategy for minimizing fiber-based SPM to ensure operational convergence and to secure a lower limit for the SNR of the output signal of FDML lasers.
The time elapsed between assessments of blood metabolome and live weight affects associations between the abundance of metabolites and growth rate in beef cattle
Authors: Imaz José Augusto , Garcia S. C. , González L. A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to assess the associations between the relative abundance (RA) of blood metabolites and growth rate (i.e., live weight change, LWC) calculated using different intervals of time between live weight (LW) measurements from the metabolome assessment.

Methods
Grazing beef cattle were raised for 56 days and blood samples from each animal were taken on day 57. Live weight was continuously measured using an automatic in-paddock weighing scale. The RA of plasma metabolites were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Live weight data were filtered for outliers and one LW record was selected every 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days before the metabolome assessment (LWC1 to LWC56, respectively). Live weight change was then re-calculated for each interval between LW data selected.

Results
Associations between LWC calculations and the RA of metabolites were greatly affected by the interval of time between LW data selected. Thus, the number of significant associations decreased from 9 for LWC1 to 5 for LWC35 whereas no significant associations were found for LWC56 (P > 0.05). There were 7 metabolites negatively associated with LWC1 including leucine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, valine, creatinine, creatine, phenylalanine and methylhistidine; however, correlations were positive for 2 lipids. The strength of the correlation coefficients decreased as the length of the interval between LW measures increased although this reduction was greater for some metabolites such as leucine compared to others such as lipids. Our findings suggest that the time frame in which a particular response variable, such as LWC, is measured and metabolomic samples are taken could largely impact associations and thus conclusions drawn.

Conclusions
Depending on the variable to be explored, rapid changes in cattle metabolome may not be reflected in correlations if they are not assessed close in time. Our findings suggest that LWC should be measured for a period shorter than 28 days before the metabolome assessment as the number of significant associations decreases when LWC is measured for longer periods.