bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guideline-directed medical therapies for comorbidities among patients with atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF
Authors: Camm Alan John , Steffel Jan , Virdone Saverio , Bassand Jean-Pierre , Fox Keith A A , Goldhaber Samuel Z , Goto Shinya , Haas Sylvia , Turpie Alexander G G , Verheugt Freek W A , Misselwitz Frank , Herreros Ramón Corbalán , Kayani Gloria , Pieper Karen S , Kakkar Ajay K ,   for the GARFIELD-AF Investigators
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to identify relationships in recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with respect to anticoagulation status, use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for comorbid cardiovascular conditions (co-GDMT), and clinical outcomes. The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD)-AF is a prospective, international registry of patients with recently diagnosed non-valvular AF at risk of stroke (NCT01090362).

Methods and results
Guideline-directed medical therapy was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. This study explored co-GDMT use in patients enrolled in GARFIELD-AF (March 2013–August 2016) with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 (excluding sex) and ≥1 of five comorbidities—coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease (n = 23 165). Association between co-GDMT and outcome events was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models, with stratification by all possible combinations of the five comorbidities. Most patients (73.8%) received oral anticoagulants (OACs) as recommended; 15.0% received no recommended co-GDMT, 40.4% received some, and 44.5% received all co-GDMT. At 2 years, comprehensive co-GDMT was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89 (0.81–0.99)] and non-cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.85 (0.73–0.99)] compared with inadequate/no GDMT, but cardiovascular mortality was not significantly reduced. Treatment with OACs was beneficial for all-cause mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of co-GDMT use; only in patients receiving all co-GDMT was OAC associated with a lower risk of non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism.

Conclusion
In this large prospective, international registry on AF, comprehensive co-GDMT was associated with a lower risk of mortality in patients with AF and CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 (excluding sex); OAC therapy was associated with reduced all-cause mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of co-GDMT use.

Clinical Trial Registration
Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362.
Long-term outcomes of concomitant suture bicuspidization technique to treat mild or moderate tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery
Authors: Piperata Antonio , Van Den Eynde Jef , Pernot Mathieu , Busuttil Olivier , Avesani Martina , Bottio Tomaso , Lafitte Stephane , Modine Thomas , Labrousse Louis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of concomitant suture bicuspidization to treat mild or moderate tricuspid regurgitation at the time of mitral valve (MV) surgery.

METHODS
Data from patients who underwent MV surgery for degenerative MV regurgitation with mild or moderate tricuspid regurgitation and annular dilatation between January 2009 and December 2017 were analysed. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: mitral valve surgery alone (MVA) and MV surgery with concomitant tricuspid valve (TV) repair.

RESULTS
A total of 196 patients were included in the study. MVA and MV surgery with concomitant TV repair were performed in 91 (46.4%) and 105 (53.6%) patients, respectively. Propensity score matching analysis identified 54 pairs. In the matched cohort, 30-day mortality (0.0% vs 1.9%, P = 1.0) and new permanent pacemaker implantation (11.1% vs 7.4%, P = 0.740) did not differ significantly between groups. After a mean follow-up of 6.0 (2.8) years, MV surgery with concomitant TV repair was not associated with increased mortality risk compared to MVA (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.47–2.28, P = 0.927) with 10-year overall survival rates of 69.9% and 77.2%, respectively. Furthermore, MV surgery with concomitant TV repair was associated with a significantly reduced progression of TV regurgitation (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing MV surgery with concomitant TV repair had similar 30-day and long-term survival, similar permanent pacemaker implantation rate and reduced progression of TV regurgitation compared to those undergoing MVA.
Nudging and subsidising farmers to foster smart water meter adoption
Authors: Ouvrard B , Préget R , Reynaud A , Tuffery L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use a discrete choice experiment with treatments to test if voluntary adoption of smart water meters by French farmers can be fostered by (i) a collective conditional subsidy offered to farmers who adopt a smart meter only if the rate of adoption in their geographic area is sufficiently high and (ii) informational nudges. Using a sample of 1,272 farmers, we find contrasted results regarding our nudges, but we show that a conditional subsidy is an effective tool to foster adoption of smart meters. Interestingly, the willingness to pay for the conditional subsidy is equal to the subsidy amount and independent of the collective adoption threshold.
Management strategies for heavily calcified coronary stenoses: an EAPCI clinical consensus statement in collaboration with the EURO4C-PCR group
Authors: Barbato Emanuele , Gallinoro Emanuele , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Andreini Daniele , Carrié Didier , Di Mario Carlo , Dudek Dariusz , Escaned Javier , Fajadet Jean , Guagliumi Giulio , Hill Jonathan , McEntegart Margaret , Mashayekhi Kambis , Mezilis Nikolasos , Onuma Yoshinobu , Reczuch Krzyszstof , Shlofmitz Richard , Stefanini Giulio , Tarantini Giuseppe , Toth Gabor G , Vaquerizo Beatriz , Wijns William , Ribichini Flavio L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since the publication of the 2015 EAPCI consensus on rotational atherectomy, the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed in patients with severely calcified coronary artery disease has grown substantially. This has been prompted on one side by the clinical demand for the continuous increase in life expectancy, the sustained expansion of the primary PCI networks worldwide, and the routine performance of revascularization procedures in elderly patients; on the other side, the availability of new and dedicated technologies such as orbital atherectomy and intravascular lithotripsy, as well as the optimization of the rotational atherectomy system, has increased operators’ confidence in attempting more challenging PCI. This current EAPCI clinical consensus statement prepared in collaboration with the EURO4C-PCR group describes the comprehensive management of patients with heavily calcified coronary stenoses, starting with how to use non-invasive and invasive imaging to assess calcium burden and inform procedural planning. Objective and practical guidance is provided on the selection of the optimal interventional tool and technique based on the specific calcium morphology and anatomic location. Finally, the specific clinical implications of treating these patients are considered, including the prevention and management of complications and the importance of adequate training and education.
2023 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS Expert Consensus Statement on Practical Management of the Remote Device Clinic
Authors: Ferrick Aileen M , Raj Satish R , Deneke Thomas , Kojodjojo Pipin , Lopez-Cabanillas Nestor , Abe Haruhiko , Boveda Serge , Chew Derek S , Choi Jong-Il , Dagres Nikolaos , Dalal Aarti S , Dechert Brynn E , Frazier-Mills Camille G , Gilbert Olivia , Han Janet K , Hewit Sherri , Kneeland Christine , Mirza Starr DeEllen , Mittal Suneet , Ricci Renato Pietro , Runte Mary , Sinclair Susan , Alkmim-Teixeira Ricardo , Vandenberk Bert , Varma Niraj , Davenport Elizabeth , Freedenberg Vicki , Glotzer Taya V , Huang Jin-Long , Ikeda Takanori , Kramer Daniel B , Lin David , Rojel-Martínez Ulises , Stühlinger Markus , Varosy Paul D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Remote monitoring is beneficial for the management of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices by impacting morbidity and mortality. With increasing numbers of patients using remote monitoring, keeping up with higher volume of remote monitoring transmissions creates challenges for device clinic staff. This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide cardiac electrophysiologists, allied professionals, and hospital administrators in managing remote monitoring clinics. This includes guidance for remote monitoring clinic staffing, appropriate clinic workflows, patient education, and alert management. This expert consensus statement also addresses other topics such as communication of transmission results, use of third-party resources, manufacturer responsibilities, and programming concerns. The goal is to provide evidence-based recommendations impacting all aspects of remote monitoring services. Gaps in current knowledge and guidance for future research directions are also identified.
Relative rates of evolution of male-beneficial nuclear compensatory mutations and male-harming Mother’s Curse mitochondrial alleles
Authors: Dapper Amy L , Diegel Amanda E , Wade Michael J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mother’s Curse alleles represent a significant source of potential male fitness defects. The maternal inheritance of mutations with the pattern of sex-specific fitness effects, s♀&gt;0&gt;s♂, allows Mother’s Curse alleles to spread through a population even though they reduce male fitness. Although the mitochondrial genomes of animals contain only a handful of protein-coding genes, mutations in many of these genes have been shown to have a direct effect on male fertility. The evolutionary process of nuclear compensation is hypothesized to counteract the male-limited mitochondrial defects that spread via Mother’s Curse. Here we use population genetic models to investigate the evolution of compensatory autosomal nuclear mutations that act to restore the loss of fitness caused by mitochondrial mutation pressures. We derive the rate of male fitness deterioration by Mother’s Curse and the rate of restoration by nuclear compensatory evolution. We find that the rate of nuclear gene compensation is many times slower than that of its deterioration by cytoplasmic mutation pressure, resulting in a significant lag in the recovery of male fitness. Thus, the numbers of nuclear genes capable of restoring male mitochondrial fitness defects must be large in order to sustain male fitness in the face of mutation pressures.
Bacillus velezensis BER1 enriched Flavobacterium daejeonense-like bacterium in the rhizosphere of tomato against bacterial wilt
Authors: Wang Ning , Ding Jia , Chen Yanting , Zhu Yuelin , Zhang Lina , Wei Yuquan , Li Ji , Xu Ting , Ding Guo-chun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms can protect crop from phytopathogens, and modify rhizosphere microbiome. However, it is not well-understood whether or how do rhizosphere microorganisms which respond to bioagents contribute to disease suppression. Bacillus velezensis BER1 and tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum were selected as models to disentangle the interactions and mechanisms in the rhizosphere. Bacillus velezensis BER1 greatly suppressed tomato bacterial wilt by over 49.0%, reduced R. solanacearum colonization in the rhizosphere by 36.3%, and significantly enriched two Flavobacterium ASVs (1357 and 2401). A novel colony loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay system was developed to screen out Flavobacterium from tomato rhizosphere bacterial isolates. In vitro tests revealed that cocultivating BER1 with Flavobacterium C45 increased biofilm formation by 18.6%. Climate chamber experiment further revealed that Flavobacterium C45 improved the control efficiency of BER1 on tomato bacterial wilt by 46.0%, decreased the colonization of R. solanacearum in the rhizosphere by 43.1% and elevated the transcription of plant defense gene PR1α in tomato by 45.4%. In summary, Flavobacterium C45 boosted the ability of B. velezensis BER1 to prevent bacterial wilt and the colonization of R. solanacearum, highlighting the importance of helper bacteria on elevating the efficiency of biological control.
Seed Storage, Dormancy, and Germination Behavior in Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae)
Authors: Jaganathan Ganesh K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of seed storage behavior and germination ecology of Fagaceae species is limited to the Quercus genus, prompting the need to investigate other genera. Using Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai acorns collected from China, storage behavior, dormancy type, and germination pattern were investigated by germination and desiccation experiments along with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and photomicrographs. The fairly large-sized acorns with a mass of 1,340 g per 1,000 acorns had a moisture content of 34.5% (fresh weight) at the time of dispersal. There were three distinctive regions: (1) scar (hilum), (2) apex, and (3) pericarp, with an embryonic axis located on the apex side. When tested for germination at 15/20°C, 76.6% of the acorns germinated within the first 3 weeks, indicating nondormancy. However, germination declined to 48% and 3% when dried in silica gel to 26% and 17% moisture content, respectively, confirming the acorns are recalcitrant. Germination was hypogeal. Nonetheless, the elongated cotyledonary petiole establishes an intumescent tubular structure at approximately 7–10 cm from acorns, from which taproots and leaves emerge. The nondormant recalcitrant acorns took 6–8 weeks to complete the germination process (from imbibition to leaf emergence), possibly indicating the presence of epicotyl dormancy. This is the first study on Lithocarpus showing intumescent tubular structure development during germination. The ecological significance of this structure requires further investigation.
A High Frequency of Chromosomal Duplications in Unicellular Algae Is Compensated by Translational Regulation
Authors: Krasovec Marc , Merret Rémy , Sanchez Frédéric , Sanchez-Brosseau Sophie , Piganeau Gwenaël 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough duplications have long been recognized as a fundamental process driving major evolutionary innovations, direct estimates of spontaneous chromosome duplication rates, leading to aneuploid karyotypes, are scarce. Here, from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments, we provide the first estimates of spontaneous chromosome duplication rates in six unicellular eukaryotic species, which range from 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−3 per genome per generation. Although this is ∼5 to ∼60 times less frequent than spontaneous point mutations per genome, chromosome duplication events can affect 1–7% of the total genome size. In duplicated chromosomes, mRNA levels reflected gene copy numbers, but the level of translation estimated by polysome profiling revealed that dosage compensation must be occurring. In particular, one duplicated chromosome showed a 2.1-fold increase of mRNA but translation rates were decreased to 0.7-fold. Altogether, our results support previous observations of chromosome-dependent dosage compensation effects, providing evidence that compensation occurs during translation. We hypothesize that an unknown posttranscriptional mechanism modulates the translation of hundreds of transcripts from genes located on duplicated regions in eukaryotes.
Identifying Potential Causal Effects of Telomere Length on Health Outcomes: A Phenome-Wide Investigation and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Wenxiu , Huang Ninghao , Zhuang Zhenhuang , Song Zimin , Li Yueying , Dong Xue , Xiao Wendi , Zhao Yimin , Jia Jinzhu , Liu Zhonghua , Qi Lu , Huang Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Telomere length has been linked to various health outcomes. To comprehensively investigate the causal effects of telomere length throughout the human disease spectrum, we conducted a phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study (MR-PheWAS) and a systematic review of MR studies.

Methods
We conducted a PheWAS to screen for associations between telomere length and 1 035 phenotypes in the UK Biobank (n = 408 354). The exposure of interest was the genetic risk score (GRS) of telomere length. Observed associations passing multiple testing corrections were assessed for causality by 2-sample MR analysis. A systematic review of MR studies on telomere length was performed to harmonize the published evidence and complement our findings.

Results
Of the 1 035 phenotypes tested, PheWAS identified 29 and 78 associations of telomere length GRS at a Bonferroni- and false discovery rate-corrected threshold; 24 and 66 distinct health outcomes were causal in the following principal MR analysis. The replication MR using data from the FinnGen study provided evidence of causal effects of genetically instrumented telomere length on 28 out of 66 outcomes, including decreased risks of 5 diseases in respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and myocardial infarction, and increased risks of 23 diseases, mainly comprised neoplasms, diseases of the genitourinary system, and essential hypertension. A systematic review of 53 MR studies found evidence to support 16 out of the 66 outcomes.

Conclusions
This large-scale MR-PheWAS identified a wide range of health outcomes that were possibly affected by telomere length, and suggested that susceptibility to telomere length may vary across disease categories.
Depressive Symptoms, Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein Concentrations, and Cognitive Decline in a Cohort Study
Authors: Desai Pankaja , Krueger Kristin R , Mendes de Leon Carlos , Wilson Robert S , Evans Denis A , Rajan Kumar B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about how depressive symptoms and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) concentrations taken together may influence cognitive functioning. Understanding this relationship may inform strategies for screening and early intervention to decrease the rate of cognitive decline.

Methods
This study sample includes 1 169 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), consisting of 60% Black participants and 40% White participants, and 63% female participants and 37% male participants. CHAP is a population-based cohort study of older adults with a mean age of 77 years. Linear mixed-effects regression models tested the main effects of depressive symptoms and GFAP concentrations and their interactions on baseline cognitive function and cognitive decline over time. Models included adjustments for age, race, sex, education, chronic medical conditions, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, and their interactions with time.

Results
The interaction of depressive symptomology and GFAP (β = −0.105 [standard error = 0.038], p = .006) on global cognitive function was statistically significant. Participants with depressive symptoms including and above the cutoff and high log of GFAP concentrations had more cognitive decline over time, followed by participants with depressive symptoms below the cutoff and high log of GFAP concentrations, depressive symptom scores including and above the cutoff and low log of GFAP concentrations, and depressive symptom scores below the cutoff and low log of GFAP concentrations.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms have an additive effect on the association between the log of GFAP and baseline global cognitive function.
Digital Gender Gap in the Second Half of Life Is Declining: Changes in Gendered Internet Use Between 2014 and 2021 in Germany
Authors: Bünning Mareike , Schlomann Anna , Memmer Nicole , Tesch-Römer Clemens , Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The main purpose of the study has been to examine changes in Internet use among men and women in 3 age groups (midlife, early old age, and advanced old age) between 2014 and 2021. We tested 2 hypotheses: The complementary hypothesis posits that online activities reproduce gender differences in offline activities. The compensatory hypothesis posits that women are catching up over time in male-typed activities as Internet access approaches saturation for both genders.

Methods
We used representative, longitudinal data from the German Ageing Survey collected in 2014, 2017, 2020, and 2021 (n = 21,505, age range 46–90 years). We ran logistic regressions on Internet access and Internet use for 4 different gender-typed activities: social contact (female-typed), shopping (gender-neutral), entertainment (male-typed), and banking (male-typed).

Results
Between 2014 and 2021, women drew level with men in Internet access. Gender differences in all 4 forms of Internet use declined considerably between 2014 and 2021. Women overtook men in using the Internet for social contact. In older age groups, men held the lead regarding online banking. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, women caught up to men in Internet use, especially for entertainment.

Discussion
Overall time trends support the complementary hypothesis. By contrast, the finding that women have been catching up in some male-typed online activities during the COVID-19 pandemic supports the compensatory hypothesis.
The combination of DNA methylation and positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by MYB and bHLH transcription factors contributes to the petal blotch formation in Xibei tree peony
Authors: Zhu Jin , Wang Yizhou , Wang Qianyu , Li Bing , Wang Xiaohan , Zhou Xian , Zhang Hechen , Xu Wenzhong , Li Shanshan , Wang Liangsheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Xibei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red–purple blotches in petals. Interestingly, the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one another. The underlying molecular mechanism had attracted lots of attention from investigators, but was still uncertain. Our present work demonstrates the factors that are closely related to blotch formation in Paeonia rockii ‘Shu Sheng Peng Mo’. Non-blotch pigmentation is prevented by the silencing of anthocyanin structural genes, among which PrF3H, PrDFR, and PrANS are the three major genes. We characterized two R2R3-MYBs as the key transcription factors that control the early and late anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. PrMYBa1, which belongs to MYB subgroup 7 (SG7) was found to activate the early biosynthetic gene (EBG) PrF3H by interacting with SG5 member PrMYBa2 to form an ‘MM’ complex. The SG6 member PrMYBa3 interacts with two SG5 (IIIf) bHLHs to synergistically activate the late biosynthetic genes (LBGs) PrDFR and PrANS, which is essential for anthocyanin accumulation in petal blotches. The comparison of methylation levels of the PrANS and PrF3H promoters between blotch and non-blotch indicated a correlation between hypermethylation and gene silencing. The methylation dynamics of PrANS promoter during flower development revealed a potential early demethylating reaction, which may have contributed to the particular expression of PrANS solely in the blotch area. We suggest that the formation of petal blotch may be highly associated with the cooperation of transcriptional activation and DNA methylation of structural gene promoters.