bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer in all treatment phases using an ultrasound deep learning model
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Deng Jingwen , Huang Jin , Mei Liye , Liao Ni , Yao Feng , Lei Cheng , Sun Shengrong , Zhang Yimin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigated whether deep learning models (DLMs) could replace traditional ultrasound measurement models for predicting pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer.
Methods: Data from 57 patients (443 ultrasound images) who underwent NAC followed by surgery were analyzed. A DLM was developed for accurate breast tumor ultrasound image segmentation. The predictive abilities of the DLM, manual segmentation model (MSM), and two traditional measurement models (longest axis model [LAM] and dual-axis model [DAM]) for pathological complete response (pCR) were compared using tumor size ratios and receiver operating characteristic curves.
Results: The average intersection over the union value of the DLM was 0.8087. MSM showed the best performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.840; DLM performance was slightly weaker with an AUC of 0.756. The AUCs of the two traditional models were 0.778 for LAM and 0.796 for DAM. There was no significant difference in AUC values of the predictive ability of the four models. Moreover, no significant difference in AUC values of ultrasound prediction was noted between each NAC cycle (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients in the pCR group had a significantly better response than those in the non-pCR group, and ultrasonography was predictive of pCR in the early stages of NAC. DLMs can replace traditional measurements for predicting pCR.
Uplift modeling to predict individual treatment effects of renal replacement therapy in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury patients
Authors: Li Guanggang , Li Bo , Song Bin , Liu Dandan , Sun Yue , Ju Hongyan , Xu Xiuping , Mao Jingkun , Zhou Feihu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a crucial treatment for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), but it is uncertain which S-AKI patients should receive immediate RRT. Identifying the characteristics of patients who may benefit the most from RRT is an important task.
Methods: This retrospective study utilized a public database and enrolled S-AKI patients, who were divided into RRT and non-RRT groups. Uplift modeling was used to estimate the individual treatment effect (ITE) of RRT. The validity of different models was compared using a qini curve. After labeling the patients in the validation cohort, we characterized the patients who would benefit the most from RRT and created a nomograph.
Result: A total of 8,878 patients were assessed, among whom 687 received RRT, and 8,191 did not receive RRT. The RRT group had a higher severity of illness than the non-group, with a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 9 (IQR 6,12) vs. 5 (IQR 3,7). The 28-day mortality rate was higher in the RRT group than the non-RRT group (34.35% vs. 14.67%, p < 0.0001). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics, 687 RRT patients and an equal number of non-RRT patients were enrolled for further research. After PSM, there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the RRT and non-RRT groups (34.35% vs. 36.83%, P = 0.338). Using uplift modeling, we found that urine output, fluid input, SpO2, BUN, and platelet were the top 5 factors that had the most influence on RRT effect. The area under the uplift curve (AUUC) of the class transformation model was 0.064, the AUUC of SOFA was 0.031, and the AUUC of Kdigo-stage was 0.048. The class transformation model was more efficient in predicting individual treatment effect. A logical regression model was developed, and a nomogram was drawn to predict whether an S-AKI patient can benefit from RRT. Nine factors were taken into account (ventilation, urine output, fluid input, temperature, creatinine, chlorine, pH, white blood cell count, and first care unit).
Conclusion: Uplift modeling can better predict the ITE of RRT on S-AKI patients than conventional score systems such as Kdigo and SOFA. We also found that some inflammation indicators such as temperature and white blood cell count may influence the benefit of RRT on S-AKI patients.
Welding of Dissimilar Polymers
Authors: Marcus Miranda , Nitsch Matt , Cronley Lance , Gottfried Maggie , Ellis Jeff 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Welding of dissimilar polymers is becoming more common. While joining of dissimilar polymers is traditionally accomplished via the use of adhesives or mechanical methods such as fasteners, snap fits, and staking – these approaches cannot always be effectively applied. For these applications, where adhesives and mechanical bonding can’t be used, it may be possible to directly weld or bond polymers that are miscible but have different material properties via welding techniques. In this work, infrared welding was used to join acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) to polyphenylene oxide (PPO), ABS to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS) to polycarbonate (PC) as an initial investigation into a new approach to bonding dissimilar polymers. Through the use of targeted heating to match the polymer viscosities to each other, the weld strength was improved by up to three times and, when optimized, the strength of the dissimilar bond as equivalent to that of the similar material weld.
Multi-Resolution Continuous Normalizing Flows
Authors: Voleti Vikram , Finlay Chris , Oberman Adam , Pal Christopher 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent work has shown that Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) can serve as generative models of images using the perspective of Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs). Such models offer exact likelihood calculation, and invertible generation/density estimation. In this work we introduce a Multi-Resolution variant of such models (MRCNF), by characterizing the conditional distribution over the additional information required to generate a fine image that is consistent with the coarse image. We introduce a transformation between resolutions that allows for no change in the log likelihood. We show that this approach yields comparable likelihood values for various image datasets, with improved performance at higher resolutions, with fewer parameters, using only one GPU. Further, we examine the out-of-distribution properties of MRCNFs, and find that they are similar to those of other likelihood-based generative models.
Water-vapour permeability of inorganic construction materials
Authors: Hall Christopher , Lo Gloria J , Hamilton Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water-vapour permeability (WVP) data on brick, stone, plaster and cement-based materials from some some seventy publications are reviewed and assessed. Almost all sources use standard cup-test methods or close variants. Comparisons of WVP values from different sources on similar materials confirm that reproducibility between different laboratories is poor. Some deficiencies of cup-test methods are discussed, including uncertainties arising from the use of saturated-salt humidistats and desiccants. There is some evidence that the water-vapour resistance factor decreases with increasing mean relative humidity across the test specimen; and weak evidence that the resistance factor increases with volume-fraction porosity. The contribution of liquid film flow to the measured permeability is discussed. It is concluded that (1) available data are inadequate to establish the fundamental physics of WVP; (2) vapouronly permeability data for engineering purposes should be obtained in dry-cup tests at low humidity; and (3) research studies should aim to integrate the WVP into the framework of unsaturated flow theory.
Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Drug Therapy Management in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Surendran Anusree , Nadar Raksha Rathnakar , Afeefa Aysha , Shaji Bipin , Rai Supriya , Holla Akshay , Joel Juno Jerold 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic disorder that adversely affects the quality of life (QoL) of women of reproductive age. PCOS symptoms can be actively controlled with medications and lifestyle modifications. The present study aims to assess the signs and symptoms of QoL and drug therapy management.
Methods
A prospective descriptive study was conducted among 137 patients for a duration of 6 months. A patient data collection form was documented, and details regarding the treatment given to the patients were noted. To determine if PCOS had a negative impact on QoL, PCOSQ was administered to the patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version.20.0)
Results
A total of 137 patients were included in the study, the majority of whom were in the age group of 21–25 years, 73 (53.3%), and had a normal BMI, 48 (35%). Menstrual cramps were prevalent in 87.59% of the patients, making it the most common symptom. Cyproterone and Ethinyl Estradiol 33 (15.50%) were the most commonly used drugs among these patients. PCOSQ results obtained from our study indicated that menstrual problems were the most affected domain. Few other comparisons, such as HRQoL domain scores with age and BMI, determined that there was a significant difference between the age group and QoL domains. Comparison of HRQoL with clinical presentations indicated that there was a negative impact on all five domains with weight and weakness.
Conclusion
The study concluded that there was a positive association of QoL deterioration with worsening signs and symptoms.
A New Treatment for Breast Cancer using Oral Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor AZD9496 and the Drug from the family of CDK4/6 protein inhibitors Palbociclib -A Mathematical Model
Authors: Nave Ophir , Shor Yehuda , Bar Raziel , Segal Eliezer Elimelech , Sigron Moriah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, we examine a mathematical model of breast cancer treatment that combines an oral estrogen receptor inhibitor called AZD9496 with Palbociclib which is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. The treatment is described by analytical functions that enable us to control the dosage and interval time of the treatment and thus making the treatment personalized for each patient. Initially, we investigated the effect of each of these treatments separately, and finally, we investigates the combination of both together. By applying numerical simulations, we can confirm that the combination of AZD9496 with palbociclib achieved the most effective treatment for breast cancer. In order to investigate the mathematical model, we applied the singularly perturbed homotopy analysis method (SPHAM), which is a numerical algorithm. The significant advantage of this method is that the mathematical model does not have to contain a small parameter (as usual in perturbation theory), but it is possible to artificially introduce a small parameter into the system of equations and this makes it possible to study the model by asymptotic methods.
Differences in clinical features between vestibular migraine, migraine with vestibular symptoms, and migraine without vestibular symptoms: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Toriyama Toshihide , Hanaoka Yoshiki , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is associated with a higher central sensitization than migraines without vestibular symptoms. VM and migraines with vestibular symptoms (MwVS) may share a similar disorder spectrum, as no differences in clinical features have been found, apart from disability. Patients with VM experience fluctuating mechanical pain thresholds and vestibular symptoms even without migraine attacks, suggesting persistent central sensitization. We hypothesized that interictal allodynia or hyperalgesia, which are indicative of persistent central sensitization, could be used to differentiate between VM, MwVS, and migraine without vestibular symptoms, that is, migraine only (MO). This study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of VM, MwVS, and MO during the interictal phase and to determine whether VM exhibits more interictal allodynia/hyperalgesia than MwVS and MO.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled consecutive migraineurs aged 18–65 years who were assigned into the VM, MwVS, and MO groups and administered a structured questionnaire comprising diagnostic questions for migraine, VM, and associated variables. Clinical variables were compared among the three groups. After confirming data normality, variables were compared using appropriate tests. A multivariate logistic regression identified significant VM-associated variables, applying backward stepwise selection. Results were considered statistically significant when the two-tailed p-values < 0.05. The presence of interictal widespread pressure hyperalgesia (IWPH) was determined using a manual tender point survey as an alternative to the quantitative sensory testing method, which is the gold standard.
Results: Overall, 163 patients, of which 31 (19%), 54 (33.1%), and 78 (47.9%) were assigned to the VM, MwVS, and MO groups, respectively, were included in this study. Post-hoc comparison revealed that aura, tender point count, and IWPH were significantly associated with VM compared to MwVS. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that aura and IWPH were independent and significant predictors of VM. No significant differences were observed in clinical features between MwVS and MO.
Conclusions: Aura and IWPH are independent predictors of VM, potentially playing pivotal roles in its pathogenesis. We have identified clinical features that differentiate between VM and MwVS, which can enhance our understanding of VM.
The clinical efficacy and safety of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis in patients with Crohn’s disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ueno Nobuhiro , Saito Seisuke , Sato Masahiro , Sugiyama Yuya , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Sugimura Kohjiro , Sasaki Takahiro , Sakatani Aki , Takahashi Keitaro , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Serikawa Shinya , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Muto Momotaro , Inaba Yuhei , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: A remission induction therapy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) with Adacolumn was given to patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD). However, establishing an appropriate treatment strategy for GMA in patients with active CD remains unclear.
Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study encompassed patients with CD who underwent GMA in seven independent institutions in Japan from January 2010 to March 2023. All clinical data were obtained from medical records. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and subsequent clinical progression after GMA in patients with CD.
Result: This study enrolled 173 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease who underwent GMA with Adacolumn, and among them, 16 patients with CD with mild to moderate disease activity were analyzed. Concomitant medication, including steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, was used in 93.7% of all cases. The overall remission and response rates were 25.0% and 68.8%, respectively. The response rate between groups concerning the frequency and total GMA sessions revealed no significant difference. Six (37.5%) patients experienced adverse events (AEs). All AEs were related to the trouble in blood access and recovered soon without any sequelae. Regarding the factors associated with response to GMA, the responder group had a significantly longer disease duration (336 vs 44 months, p = 0.036) and exhibited a relatively lower rate of intestinal strictures and a median score of a simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) (9.1 vs 60 %, p = 0.063 and 10 vs 21.5, p = 0.091, respectively). Further, all patients responding to GMA received biologics that were continuously used before and after GMA. Furthermore, 36.4% of patients remained on the same biologics 52 weeks after GMA. Notably, all patients who continued the same biologics had previously experienced a loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agent.
Conclusion: Therefore, GMA may exhibit heightened effectiveness in patients with moderately active CD without severe endoscopic activity. Moreover, it represents a potential novel therapeutic option for refractory CD, particularly with insufficient response to biologics.
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of mitochondrial autophagy genes in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Tang Kuihan , Sun Li , Chen Long , Feng Xiaobo , Wu Jiarui , Guo Hao , Zheng Yong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial autophagy is closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, In order to explore the role of mitochondrial autophagy related genes in Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) and its molecular mechanism.
Methods
KOA-related transcriptome data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differences were analyzed. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were implemented to explore the function of differentially expressed mitochondrial autophagy genes (DEMGs). The STRING website was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among DEMGs to identify hub DEMGs. Support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) method was used to construct the hub DEMG diagnosis model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was painted to access the diagnostic value of hub DEMGs. After the immune infiltration analysis was completed, biomarkers were obtained through correlation analysis of differential immune cells and hub DEMGs.
Results
In total, fifteen DEMGs were screened in patients with KOA. Subsequent enrichment analyses showed that these DEMG strains were mainly enriched in the mitophagy-animal, shigellosis, autophagy-animal and FoxO signal pathways. In addition, 5 hub DEMGs (BNIP3L, BNIP3, MAP1LC3B, ULK1 and FOXO3) were identified by SVM-RFE. The area under the curve (AUC) value of BNIP3 and FOXO3 was greater than 0.75 in the training and validation sets, indicating the decent diagnostic value for KOA. Immune-infiltration and correlation analysis showed that BNIP3 and FOXO3 were significantly correlated with three different immune cells, including primary B cells, M0 macrophage, and M2 macrophage. Thus, BNIP3 and FOXO3 were treated as biomarkers for the diagnosis of KOA.
Conclusion
In conclusion, two biomarkers (BNIP3 and FOXO3) related to mitochondrial autophagy were acquired between KOA and nomal samples by bioinformatics analysis, which might supply a new insight for the treatment and evaluation of KOA.
Factors influencing cervical cancer re-screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study
Authors: Bolo Sophie Evina , Kenfack Bruno , Wisniak Ania , Stoll Beat , Moukam Alida , Vassilakos Pierre , Tankeu Gilles , Yakam Virginie , Petignat Patrick , Sormani Jessica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
- Screening participation at recommended intervals is a crucial component of cervical cancer prevention effectiveness. However, little is known regarding the rate of re-screening in a Sub-Saharan context. Our aim was to estimate the re-screening rate of women in Cameroon after an initial Human Papilloma Virus -based screening and to identify factors that influence adherence.
Methods
- A cohort study was conducted in the Annex Regional Hospital of Dschang, where a primary screening unit had been implemented in 2015. Participants enrolled in the present study were women who had been screened more than 5 years before the date of inclusion and, for whom a re-screening test for cervical cancer was due. Women who initially tested positive for human papilloma virus (n = 132) and, a random sample of women who tested negative for human papilloma virus (n = 220) were enrolled in the present study. Participants were invited to participate in a telephone survey conducted between October 2021 and March 2022. The survey assessed participation to re-screening or not and reasons for participation or non-participation. Sociodemographic factors were collected, and associations were evaluated using chi-squared tests and logistic regression.
Results
- A total of 352 participants aged under 50 years (mean age 37.4 years) were contacted, and 203 (58.0%) complete the survey. The proportion of women who complied with the screening recommendation was 34.0% (95% CI 27.5% − 40.5%). Age, marital status, education level, type of employment, and place of residence were not associated with the rate of re-screening. Main reported barriers to re-screening were lack of information (39.0%), forgetfulness (39.0%), and impression of being in good health (30.0%). Women who remembered the recommended screening interval were 2 to 3 times more likely to undergo re-screening (aOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 2.3 [1.2–4.4], p = 0.013). Human papilloma virus- positive status at the initial screening was also associated with the re-screening((aOR) (95% CI): 3.4 (1.8–6.5).
Conclusion
- Following an initial Human Papilloma Virus-based screening campaign in the West Region of Cameroon, one third of women adhered to re-screening within the recommended timeframe. Existing screening strategies would benefit from developing better information approaches to reinforce the importance of repeated cervical cancer screening.
Alzheimer-type cerebral amyloidosis in the context of HIV infection: implications for a proposed new treatment approach
Authors: Ellis Ronald J. , Pal Shibangi , Achim Cristian L. , Sundermann Erin , Moore David J. , Soontornniyomkij Virawudh , Feldman Howard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are currently broadly prescribed for the treatment of HIV infection but are also thought to prevent Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression by protecting against amyloidosis. Our study evaluates the hypothesis that reverse transcriptase inhibitors protect against Alzheimer-type brain amyloidogenesis in the context of HIV infection. We compiled a case series of participants from a prospective study of the neurological consequences of HIV infection at the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP) who had serial neuropsychological and neurological assessments and were on RTIs. Two participants had gross and microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry of the brain at autopsy; one was assessed clinically for Alzheimer’s Disease by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of phosphorylated-Tau, Total-Tau and Aβ42. Additionally, a larger cohort of autopsied individuals was evaluated for presence of amyloid plaques, Tau, and related pathologies. Three older, virally suppressed individuals with HIV who had long-term treatment with RTIs were included in analyses. Two cases demonstrated substantial cerebral amyloid deposition at autopsy. The third case met clinical criteria for AD based on a typical clinical course and CSF biomarker profile. In the larger cohort of autopsied individuals, the prevalence of cerebral amyloidosis among people with HIV (PWH) was greater for those on RTIs. Our study showed that long-term RTI therapy did not protect against Alzheimer-type brain amyloidogenesis in the context of HIV infection in these patients. Given the known toxicities of RTIs, it is premature to recommend them to individuals at risk or with Alzheimer’s disease who do not have HIV infection.