bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Measures and IQ in Down Syndrome and Healthy Children: A Case Control Study
Authors: El-Feel Nesreen Safwat , Dawoud Heba El Sayed , El-Shafey Rasha Ahmed , El-Ezz Ahmed Abdel Basset Abo , Mahdy Heba Saied El 
Published: January 2023

Background: In humans, the most prevalent chromosomal disorder and most well-known cause of intellectual impairment is Down syndrome. Chromosome 21 trisomy is the main cause of it. This study’s goal was to compare anthropometric measures and intelligence quotient (IQ) in Down syndrome and healthy children.
Methods: The study included 80 patients divided in to 2 groups: Group A patients: included Forty Down syndrome cases were recruited to the study, their age was between 6-15 years. Group B control: included Forty healthy children were enrolled to the study as a control group, their age and sex were matched with the Down syndrome group.
Results: There were significantly lower in DS group than Controls group as regards height and height z-score. There were significantly higher in DS group than Controls group as regards mean BMI & BMI z-score. There were significantly higher in Controls group than DS group as regards head circumference. There was statistically significant difference between DS & control groups as regard weight status distribution. IQ was statistically lower in DS group than that of the control group.
Conclusions: DS children had lower IQ, height and head circumference with higher BMI and BMI z-score.
Effect of a Machine Learning Recommender System and Viral Peer Marketing Intervention on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Faro Jamie M. , Chen Jinying , Flahive Julie , Nagawa Catherine S. , Orvek Elizabeth A. , Houston Thomas K. , Allison Jeroan J. , Person Sharina D. , Smith Bridget M. , Blok Amanda C. , Sadasivam Rajani S. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceNovel data science and marketing methods of smoking-cessation intervention have not been adequately evaluated.ObjectiveTo compare machine learning recommender (ML recommender) computer tailoring of motivational text messages vs a standard motivational text–based intervention (standard messaging) and a viral peer-recruitment tool kit (viral tool kit) for recruiting friends and family vs no tool kit in a smoking-cessation intervention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 2 ×2 factorial randomized clinical trial with partial allocation, conducted between July 2017 and September 2019 within an online tobacco intervention, recruited current smokers aged 18 years and older who spoke English from the US via the internet and peer referral. Data were analyzed from March through May 2022.InterventionsParticipants registering for the online intervention were randomly assigned to the ML recommender or standard messaging groups followed by partially random allocation to access to viral tool kit or no viral tool kit groups. The ML recommender provided ongoing refinement of message selection based on user feedback and comparison with a growing database of other users, while the standard system selected messages based on participant baseline readiness to quit.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOur primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking cessation at 6 months.ResultsOf 1487 participants who smoked (444 aged 19-34 years [29.9%], 508 aged 35-54 years [34.1%], 535 aged ≥55 years [36.0%]; 1101 [74.0%] females; 189 Black [12.7%] and 1101 White [78.5%]; 106 Hispanic [7.1%]), 741 individuals were randomly assigned to the ML recommender group and 746 individuals to the standard messaging group; viral tool kit access was provided to 745 participants, and 742 participants received no such access. There was no significant difference in 6-month smoking cessation between ML recommender (146 of 412 participants [35.4%] with outcome data) and standard messaging (156 of 389 participants [40.1%] with outcome data) groups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61-1.08). Smoking cessation was significantly higher in viral tool kit (177 of 395 participants [44.8%] with outcome data) vs no viral tool kit (125 of 406 participants [30.8%] with outcome data) groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11-1.98).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, machine learning–based selection did not improve performance compared with standard message selection, while viral marketing did improve cessation outcomes. These results suggest that in addition to increasing dissemination, viral recruitment may have important implications for improving effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03224520
Filtered multi‐innovation‐based iterative identification methods for multivariate equation‐error ARMA systems
Authors: Sun Shunyuan , Xu Ling , Ding Feng , Sheng Jie 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis paper focuses on the parameter estimation issues of multivariate equation‐error autoregressive moving average systems. By applying the gradient search and the multi‐innovation theory, we derive a multi‐innovation gradient based iterative (MI‐GI) algorithm. In order to improve the computational efficiency and the parameter estimation accuracy, a filtering and decomposition based gradient iterative (F‐D‐GI) algorithm is presented by using the data filtering technique and the decomposition technique. The key is to choose an appropriate filter to filter the input‐output data and to transform an original system into several subsystems. Compared with the MI‐GI algorithm, the F‐D‐GI algorithm can generate more accurate parameter estimates. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Direct Visualization of Localized Vibrations at Complex Grain Boundaries
Authors: Hoglund Eric R. , Bao De‐Liang , O'Hara Andrew , Pfeifer Thomas W. , Hoque Md Shafkat Bin , Makarem Sara , Howe James M. , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Hopkins Patrick E. , Hachtel Jordan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) are a prolific microstructural feature that dominates the functionality of a wide class of materials. The functionality at a GB results from the unique atomic arrangements, different from those in the grain, that have driven extensive experimental and theoretical studies correlating atomic‐scale GB structures to macroscopic electronic, infrared optical, and thermal properties. In this work, a SrTiO3 GB is examined using atomic‐resolution aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and ultrahigh‐energy‐resolution monochromated electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory. This combination enables the correlation of the GB structure, nonstoichiometry, and chemical bonding with a redistribution of vibrational states within the GB dislocation cores. The new experimental access to localized GB vibrations provides a direct route to quantifying the impact of individual boundaries on macroscopic properties.
Insights into the Dynamic Evolution of Defects in Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong , Liu Hanwen , Zhao Siyuan , Xie Chao , Huang Zhenguo , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review focuses on the formation and preparation of defects, the dynamic evolution process of defects, and the influence of defect dynamic evolution on catalytic reactions. The summary of the current advances in the dynamic evolution process of defects in oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and the given perspectives are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of defective electrocatalysts on the structural evolution process during electrocatalysis and the reaction mechanisms, especially for the defect dynamic evolution on the performance in catalytic reactions.
Haney Soil Health Test changes with season, not subsurface drainage
Authors: Sherbine Kyle , Frankl Aaron , Fernandez Fabian , Pease Lindsay , Cates Anna M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Haney Soil Health Test (HSHT) is used to quantify soil health using soil biological activity and water‐extractable C and N. However, suitability of the HSHT to measure soil health in subsurface drained fields remains unknown. Our goals were to use the HSHT in Minnesota cropand to (a) test the effect of recent tile drainage installation, (b) evaluate seasonal variability, and (c) calculate a potential N fertilizer credit. Three soil biological indices used in the HSHT were measured seasonally across 2 yr and used to calculate a soil health score and N credit. All metrics were unaffected by subsurface drainage, but all varied seasonally (greatest in spring) and annually (greater in 2020 than in 2021). Soil biological indicators did not change abruptly following subsurface drainage but may change gradually, and this needs to be tested further. Significant seasonal variability may pose challenges in tracking soil health over time.
Moisture changes with increasing summer precipitation in Qilian and Tienshan mountainous areas
Authors: Ma Qianrong , Li Zhongwai , Chen Zhiheng , Su Tao , Wu Yongping , Feng Guolin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe precipitation in the Qilian (QMA) and Tienshan (TMA) mountain areas is one of the main sources of subsurface and surface water in northwestern China (NWC). Based on two datasets, CN05.1 and station‐observed daily precipitation, we found that summer precipitation in 1979–2020 exhibited an increasing trend in NWC. The results of rotation empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis also separated the increased precipitation patterns in the QMA and TMA from the other REOF modes; the proportion of the precipitation of these areas to the total NWC summer precipitation substantially increased (0.12%⋅year−1 and 0.03%⋅year−1, respectively). According to the moisture budget, the evaporation changes in the QMA and TMA were coherently coupled with precipitation, which suggested the feedback between increasing evaporation and precipitation with the recently warming climate. The precipitation increase was larger than that of evaporation, indicating a net wetting trend in the QMA and TMA. The increase in zonal horizontal and vertical moisture advection terms contributed more to the increased precipitation in the QMA. The increase in meridional moisture advection contributed more to the increased precipitation in the TMA. We concluded comprehensive frameworks of the water vapor transport in climate change in mountain areas in NWC which aimed to contribute to the understanding of arid region hydrology.
Rhythmic and interval‐based temporal orienting in autism
Authors: Cannon Jonathan , Eldracher Emelie , Cardinaux Annie , Irfan Fatima , Bungert Lindsay , Li Cindy , O'Brien Amanda , Treves Isaac , Diamond Sidney , Sinha Pawan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may show secondary sensory and cognitive characteristics, including differences in auditory processing, attention, and, according to a prominent hypothesis, the formulation and utilization of predictions. We explored the overlap of audition, attention, and prediction with an online auditory “temporal orienting” task in which participants utilized predictive timing cues (both rhythmic and interval‐based) to improve their detection of faint sounds. We compared an autistic (n = 78) with a nonautistic (n = 83) group, controlling for nonverbal IQ, and used signal detection measures and reaction times to evaluate the effect of valid temporally predictive cues. We hypothesized that temporal orienting would be compromised in autism, but this was not supported by the data: the boost in performance induced by predictability was practically identical for the two groups, except for the small subset of the ASD group with co‐occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, who received less benefit from interval‐based cueing. However, we found that the presence of a rhythm induced a significantly stronger bias toward reporting target detections in the ASD group at large, suggesting weakened response inhibition during rhythmic entrainment.
Durchstanzen in unregelmäßigen Flachdeckensystemen – Anwendungs‐ und Modellierungshinweise
Authors: Ungermann Jan , Hegger Josef , Fingerloos Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDer Durchstanznachweis stellt bei der Bemessung von Flachdecken infolge der konzentrierten, punktförmigen Lasteinleitung oftmals den konstruktiv bestimmenden Nachweis dar. Bei unregelmäßigen Deckensystemen oder Belastungen treten zudem ungleichmäßige Schubspannungsverteilungen im Durchstanzbereich auf. In der Tragwerksplanung stellt sich hierbei oft die Frage, wie die ungleichmäßige Schubspannungsverteilung beim Durchstanzen am zweckmäßigsten und mit vertretbarem Aufwand berücksichtigt werden kann. Die direkte Bestimmung der Schubspannungsverteilung in Rundschnitten mittels FE‐Verfahren wird im aktuellen Eurocode 2 nicht explizit ausgeschlossen, aber auch nicht genauer beschrieben. Hier gibt es entsprechenden Freiraum bei der Bemessung für den Tragwerksplaner, aber auch Unklarheiten bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse. In diesem Beitrag werden FE‐Lösungen zur Bestimmung des Lasterhöhungsfaktors β oder zur direkten Berücksichtigung der ungleichmäßigen Schubspannungsverteilung vorgestellt und anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels analysiert. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen und Modellierungshinweise zur pragmatischen und möglichst realistischen Bestimmung des Lasterhöhungsfaktors β zur Berücksichtigung von Knotenbiegemomenten gegeben.
Ethoxysanguinarine Induces Apoptosis, Inhibits Metastasis and Sensitizes cells to Docetaxel in Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Hakai
Authors: Ma Liang , Xuan Xiao‐Jing , Chen Xue‐Ming , Fan Ming‐Hui , Liu Jian , Huang Guo‐Zheng , Liu Zi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEthoxysanguinarine (ESG) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from plants of Papaveraceae family, such as Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. The anti‐cancer activity of ESG has been rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the anti‐breast cancer effect of ESG and its underlying mechanism. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that ESG inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells. Western blot revealed that ESG triggered intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as evidenced by the activation of caspase‐8, caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. ESG attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion through Hakai/E‐cadherin/N‐cadherin. Moreover, Hakai knockdown sensitized ESG‐triggered viability and motility inhibition, suggesting that Hakai mediated the anti‐breast cancer effect of ESG. In addition, ESG potentiated the anti‐cancer activity of docetaxel (DTX) in breast cancer cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ESG exhibits outstanding pro‐apoptosis and anti‐metastasis effects on breast cancer via a mechanism related to Hakai‐related signaling pathway.
Gender discrimination and career decision‐making difficulties among female Chinese college students: The buffering role of coping styles
Authors: Tian Lu , Hou Zhijin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study examined the relationship between gender discrimination and a form of career decision‐making difficulties: emotional and personality‐related career decision‐making difficulties among female Chinese college students. It further examined the buffering effect of coping styles on the above relationship. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 1427 female Chinese college students from 19 universities located in different regions in China. Results indicated that only suppressive style of coping served as a buffer on the relationship between gender discrimination and career decision‐making difficulties. Also, gender discrimination, reflective style of coping, and reactive style of coping were positively associated with career decision‐making difficulties. These results supported the need to develop career interventions focusing on discussion of gender discrimination, its impact on one's career decisions, as well as teaching distraction coping strategies in reducing the negative impact of gender discrimination on career decision‐making difficulties among female Chinese college students.
The independent impact of dementia in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kodesh Afek , Bental Tamir , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Talmor‐Barkan Yeela , Codner Pablo , Levi Amos , Kornowski Ran , Perl Leor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough age and frailty are associated with worse prognoses for patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), little is known regarding the independent impact of dementia.HypothesisThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dementia and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsConsecutive patients with ST‐elevation or non‐ST elevation MI who had undergone PCI as part of our AMI registry were included in this study. We compared outcomes within the 1‐year period of their PCI, including death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and corrected for confounders using Cox regression.ResultsOf 28 274 patients, 9167 patients who had undergone PCI for AMI were included in this study, 250 with dementia; Mean age (77.4 ± 9.4 in the dementia group vs. 63.6 ± 12.7 in the control), female gender (32.4 vs. 24.2%, p = .003), diabetes mellitus (54.0 vs. 42.4%, p < .001) and chronic kidney disease (44.4 vs. 19.3%, p < .001) were higher. At 12 months, unadjusted rates of death (25.5 vs. 9.8%, p < .001) and MACE (33.8 vs. 17.6%, p < .001) were higher for patients with dementia. After standardizing for confounding variables, dementia remained an independent risk factor for death (HR 1.90; CI 1.37–2.65; p < .001) and MACE (HR 1.73; CI 1.30–2.31; p < .001), as well as in propensity score matched analysis (HR 1.54; CI: 1.03–2.28; p < .001 and HR 1.49; CI: 1.09–2.02; p < .001, respectively).ConclusionsDementia is an independent predictor of worse outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for AMI. Future intervention and specialized healthcare measures to mitigate this risk is warranted.
Highly accurate blood vessel segmentation using texture‐based modified K‐means clustering with deep learning model
Authors: Lisha L. B. , Helen Sulochana C. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis paper suggests a blood vessel segmentation using the Texture‐Based Modified K‐means Clustering (TBMKC) technique to lessen the detrimental effects of light lesions. In the suggested method, the K value is chosen automatically by maximizing the local pixel data of the input image. Utilizing the Gabor Filter and Scale‐Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), respectively, texture and statistical characteristics are used to extract the local information. The number of pixels present in each class is used to alter the cluster centroid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods. Local adaptive thresholding is then used to separate the blood vessel pattern. The proposed method is invariant to scales and rotations due to SIFT features. The thresholding output is given to the modified DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Network). Finally, the performance of the (MDCNN+ TBMKC+ PSO) scheme is computed over other extant schemes. The outcomes of the adopted scheme is determined and tested using the retinal image from DRIVE, STARE, HRF, and CHASE_DBI databases. The accuracy of the proposed method is 13.41%, 7.22%, 9.56%, 6.24%, 2.35%, 14.54%, 13.23%, 3.71%, 10.82%, 8.28%, 7.98%, and 54.01% better than the existing method like M‐GAN, MCET‐HHO, CNN, DBN, SVM, RNN, NN, MDCNN+PSO, MDCNN+GA, MCNN+FF, MDCNN+ABC, and MDCNN+LA.
Controlling Cell Components to Design High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jena Anirudha , Bazri Behrouz , Tong Zizheng , Iputera Kevin , Huang Jheng‐Yi , Wei Da‐Hua , Hu Shu‐Fen , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries with solid ionic conductors packed between solid electrode films can release the dead space between them, enabling a greater number of cells to stack, generating higher voltage to the pack. This Review is focused on using high‐voltage cathode materials, in which the redox peak of the components is extended beyond 4.7 V. Li−Ni−Mn−O systems are currently under investigation for use as the cathode in high‐voltage cells. Solid electrolytes compatible with the cathode, including halide‐ and sulfide‐based electrolytes, are also reviewed. Discussion extends to the compatibility between electrodes and electrolytes at such extended potentials. Moreover, control over the thickness of the anode is essential to reduce solid‐electrolyte interphase formation and growth of dendrites. The Review discusses routes toward optimization of the cell components to minimize electrode‐electrolyte impedance and facilitate ion transportation during the battery cycle.
Himalayan hazard cascades – modern and medieval outburst floods in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Fischer Melanie , Lehnigk Karin , Lützow Natalie , Brettin Jana , Veh Georg , Larsen Isaac J. , Korup Oliver , Walz Ariane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn May 2012, a sediment‐laden flood along the Seti Khola (= river) caused 72 fatalities and widespread devastation for > 40 km in Pokhara, Nepal's second largest city. The flood was the terminal phase of a hazard cascade that likely began with a major rock‐slope collapse in the Annapurna Massif upstream, followed by intermittent ponding of meltwater and subsequent outburst flooding. Similar hazard cascades have been reported in other mountain belts, but peak discharges for these events have rarely been quantified. We use two hydrodynamic models to simulate the extent and geomorphic impacts of the 2012 flood and attempt to reconstruct the likely water discharge linked to even larger medieval sediment pulses. The latter are reported to have deposited several cubic kilometres of sediment in the Pokhara Valley. The process behind these sediment pulses is debated. We traced evidence of aggradation along the Seti Khola during field surveys and from RapidEye satellite images. We use two steady‐state flood models, HEC‐RAS and ANUGA, and high‐resolution topographic data, to constrain the initial flood discharge with the lowest mismatch between observed and predicted flood extents. We explore the physically plausible range of simplified flood scenarios, from meteorological (1000 m3 s−1) to cataclysmic outburst floods (600,000 m3 s−1). We find that the 2012 flood most likely had a peak discharge of 3700 m3 s−1 in the upper Seti Khola and attenuated to 500 m3 s−1 when arriving in Pokhara city. Simulations of larger outburst floods produce extensive backwater effects in tributary valleys that match with the locations of upstream‐dipping medieval‐age slackwater sediments in several tributaries of the Seti Khola. Our findings are consistent with the notion that the medieval sediment pulses were linked to outburst floods with peak discharges of >50,000 m3 s−1, though discharge may have been an order of magnitude higher.