bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 on cybersecurity awareness‐raising and mindset in the southern African development community (SADC)
Authors: Bagui Laban , Lusinga Shallen , Pule Nthabiseng , Tuyeni Teofelus , Mtegha Chimwemwe Q. , Calandro Enrico , Chigona Wallace , von Solms Basie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAt the beginning of 2020, the world came to a stand‐still when governments across the globe decided to enter states of ‘emergency’ or ‘disaster’ over the breakout of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The responses to the pandemic included stringent movement restrictions and hygiene advice preventing face‐to‐face interactions. As a result, many activities, including schooling, working, and shopping were moved online, drastically increasing exposure to cyber threats and risks. It is unclear if and how the rapid increase in internet use corresponded to an improvement in cybersecurity mindset development in countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This paper explores the effect of the increase in digital technology usage due to the COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on the relationship between cybersecurity awareness‐raising initiatives and the development of higher levels of cybersecurity mindset in Botswana, Lesotho, and Malawi. These three countries have a similar cybersecurity footprint and an average cybersecurity capacity level for the region. The research applies a comparative multiple case study approach relying on a thematic review of the literature and related documents, supported by in‐depth interviews with purposefully selected key informants from the three selected SADC countries. Findings suggest that since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, awareness‐raising programs have gained some momentum in our selected countries, but the cybersecurity mindset has not improved. That was attributed to low frequency and poor quality of campaigns added to the lack of training, education and lived experience. The paper highlights the need to increase the frequency and improve the quality of programmes, for greater impact on the development of local cybersecurity mindsets.
The choleretic role of tauroursodeoxycholic acid exacerbates alpha‐naphthylisothiocyanate induced cholestatic liver injury through the FXR/BSEP pathway
Authors: Zhao Jing , Song Guochao , Weng Fengyi , Li Yue , Zou Bin , Jin Jingyi , Yan Dongming , Sun Xin , Liu Chenghai , Qiu Fu‐rong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on the alpha‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)‐induced model of cholestasis in mice. Wild‐type and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)‐deficient (Fxr−/−) mice were used to generate cholestasis models by gavage with ANIT. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a positive control. In wild‐type mice, treatment with TUDCA for 7 days resulted in a dramatic increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with aggravation of bile infarcts and hepatocyte necrosis with ANIT‐induction. TUDCA activated FXR to upregulate the expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP), increasing bile acids (BAs)‐dependent bile flow, but aggravating cholestatic liver injury when bile ducts were obstructed resulting from ANIT. In contrast, TUDCA improved the liver pathology and decreased serum ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in ANIT‐induced Fxr−/− mice. Furthermore, TUDCA inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and reduced the area of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining in the model mice. TUDCA also upregulated anion exchanger 2 (AE2) protein expression, protecting cholangiocytes against excessive toxic BAs. Our results showed that TUDCA aggravated cholestatic liver injury via the FXR/BSEP pathway when bile ducts were obstructed, although TUDCA inhibited apoptotic activity and protected cholangiocytes against excessive toxic BAs.
Contextual antecedents and well‐being indicators associated with children's and adolescents' access to supportive nonparent adults
Authors: Hagler Matthew A. , Poon Cyanea Y. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine contextual antecedents and well‐being indicators associated with children's and adolescents' access to supportive nonparent adults (SNPAs). We conducted secondary data analysis of the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a large‐scale caregiver‐reported survey. We analyzed separate subsamples of children (ages 6–11,n = 12,849) and adolescents (ages 12–17,n = 17,628). For both children and adolescents, markers of social advantage (e.g., White race, nonimmigrant families, neighborhood/community capital, access to extracurriculars) increased the likelihood of having SNPAs, according to parent or caregiver reports. Familial factors (e.g., parent participation in school and extracurricular activities) were stronger predictors of SNPA presence for children. Access to SNPAs was negatively associated with social difficulties among children and adolescents and positively associated with curiosity and overall health among adolescents. In conclusion, disadvantage across multiple ecological levels impairs children's and adolescents' access to SNPAs. Having an SNPA may be associated with some aspects of youth well‐being, although causality cannot be inferred in cross‐sectional data.
The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Mappa Ilenia , Patrizi Lodovico , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria , Carbone Luigi , D'Antonio Francesco , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of death or severe morbidity for the mother after delivery. As a consequence healthcare staff working in the delivery room should be trained to perform a prompt diagnosis and adequate management of PPH. Uneventful outcome is induced correct identification of the underlying cause of hemorrhage. Ultrasound is a promising technique for the prompt diagnosis of PPH etiology. Indeed, it is easily available, with relatively low cost, not using ionizing radiation, and can be used in different settings including the labor room, the operating theater and at the bedside of an affected women. In order to be effective Obstetricians should have an adequate knowledge of postpartum ultrasonography. In this article, we will review the sonographic findings occurring in PPH, in the differential diagnosis of the underlying cause of hemorrhage, that include retained placenta, morbidly adherent placenta, rupture of the uterus uterine, vascular anomalies of the uterine arteries and uterine inversion. We will also provide an algorithm to manage PPH according to the ultrasonographic findings.
Methyltransferase‐like 3 modulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Luo Daowen , Peng Shuanglin , Li Qing , Rao Pengcheng , Tao Gang , Wang Lang , Xiao Jingang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease involving reduced bone mass. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) play an important role in bone regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) plays a significant role in bone development and metabolism. Therefore, this study investigates changes to METTL3 in the osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells in osteoporotic rats (OP‐ASCs) and explores ways to enhance their osteogenic ability.MethodsAn animal model of osteoporosis was established by removing both ovaries in rats. Real‐time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of METTL3 and bone‐related molecules, including runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (Opn). Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase staining was used to confirm the osteogenic potential of stem cells. Mettl3 small interfering RNA and Mettl3 overexpression lentivirus were used to assess the role of METTL3 in osteogenic differentiation of ASCs and OP‐ASCs.ResultsThe osteogenic differentiation capacity and Mettl3 expression significantly decreased in OP‐ASCs. Moreover, Mettl3 silencing down‐regulated the osteogenic ability of ASCs, and overexpression of Mettl3 recovered the impaired osteogenic capacity in OP‐ASCs in vitro.ConclusionThe Mettl3 expression levels and osteogenic potential of OP‐ASCs decreased. However, overexpression of METTL3 rescued the osteogenic ability of OP‐ASCs, providing a new target for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.
Nucleotide and codon usage biases involved in the evolution of African swine fever virus: A comparative genomics analysis
Authors: Pu Feiyang , Wang Rui , Yang Xuanye , Hu Xinyan , Wang Jinqian , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Yongqing , Zhang Derong , Liu Zewen , Liu Junlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication is closely related to its host's machinery, codon usage of viral genome can be subject to selection pressures. A better understanding of codon usage can give new insights into viral evolution. We implemented information entropy and revealed that the nucleotide usage pattern of ASFV is significantly associated with viral isolation factors (region and time), especially the usages of thymine and cytosine. Despite the domination of adenine and thymine in the viral genome, we found that mutation pressure alters the overall codon usage pattern of ASFV, followed by selective forces from natural selection. Moreover, the nucleotide skew index at the gene level indicates that nucleotide usages influencing synonymous codon bias of ASFV are significantly correlated with viral protein hydropathy. Finally, evolutionary plasticity is proved to contribute to the weakness in synonymous codons with A‐ or T‐end serving as optimal codons of ASFV, suggesting that fine‐tuning translation selection plays a role in synonymous codon usages of ASFV for adapting host. Taken together, ASFV is subject to evolutionary dynamics on nucleotide selections and synonymous codon usage, and our detailed analysis offers deeper insights into the genetic characteristics of this newly emerging virus around the world.
Specialty and high‐quality coffee: discrimination through elemental characterization via ICP‐OES, ICP‐MS, and ICP‐MS/MS of origin, species, and variety
Authors: Vezzulli Fosca , Fontanella Maria Chiara , Lambri Milena , Beone Gian Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to establish the elemental profiling and origin combined with the genetic asset of coffee samples collected from major coffee‐producing countries. A total of 76 samples were analysed for 41 elements using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), and inductively coupled plasma‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). The mineral composition of the silver skin detachment during the roasting process was also evaluated to verify the loss of minerals during roasting, differences in composition with beans, and between species.RESULTSApplication of linear discriminant analysis provided models with an accuracy of 93.3% for continents, 97.8% for countries of cultivation, and 100% for species. Discrimination between Arabica, Canephora coffee, and Eugenoides, and different varieties of Arabica species were identified in both models with calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), rubidium (Rb), and strontium (Sr) as significant discriminant elements. Rb, Sr, sulphur (S), and thulium (Tm) were significant discriminant elements in both models for geographical distinction at different scales. Most of the elements had significantly higher values in silver skin than those in roasted coffee at different magnitudes, with exceptions of P and Rb.CONCLUSIONIn summary, determination of mineral elements, processed by multivariate statistical analysis, was demonstrated to be discriminant for different coffee species. Linear discriminant analysis of the elemental analysis of samples from the seven major producing countries provided a reliable prediction model. Elemental analysis of major and minor elements is relatively easy and can be used together with other traceability systems and sensory evaluations to authenticate the origin of roasted coffee, different species, and varieties. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of the polypeptide from peanut meal mixed fermentation on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora of hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Ding Haoyue , Zhang Huiwen , Lu Yaqian , Jiang Xiaoyang , Liu Qing , Hu Yingfen , Sun Haiyan , Ma Aiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyperlipidemia is one of the metabolic disorders posing great threat to human health. Our previous studies have shown that the nutritional properties of peanut meal after fermentation are markedly improved, and can effectively improve hyperlipidemia caused by high‐fat diet in mice. In this study, in order to facilitate the further utilization of peanut meal, the effect of peanut polypeptide (PP) from peanut meal mixed fermentation on lipid metabolism in mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) and its possible mechanism were investigated. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (N), high‐fat model group (M), PP low‐dose group (PL), PP high‐dose group (PH), and atorvastatin positive control group (Y).RESULTSThe results show that PP supplementation can effectively reduce the body weight of mice, decrease the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and leptin levels (P < 0.05), increase the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels (P < 0.05), up‐regulate the expression levels of ileal tight junction proteins ZO‐1 and occludin (P < 0.05), reduce the hepatocyte injury and lipid accumulation caused by high‐fat diet and increase the species richness of intestinal flora.CONCLUSIONPP can significantly improve hyperlipidemia and regulate intestinal flora disorders caused by hyperlipidemia. The possible mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum leptin levels and up‐regulating the expression levels of the ileal tight junction proteins ZO‐1 and occludin. This study provides evidence for its regulatory role in lipid metabolism and intestinal function, and provides a research basis for the potential nutritional benefits of underutilized food by‐products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Do graphical abstracts on a publisher's official website have an effect on articles' usage and citations? A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zong Qianjin , Huang Zhihong , Deng Zhijun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine whether a graphical abstract (GA) on a publisher's official website affected an article's usage and citations. Articles published in Molecules during 2016 (n = 1389) and 2017 (n = 1804) were selected as the data sets. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to examine the data sets. The results showed that articles with GAs had significantly greater text abstract usage than those without GAs. There were no significant differences between the two groups (articles with/without GAs) on the usage of the full text as well as citations, both in the data set of 2016 and the data set of 2017. Our study concluded that a GA played a role in attracting attention with ‘the first impressions’ to gain more clicks of text abstract for an article, however, it took no advantage in receiving more usage of full text and citations of the article.
The organic carbon budget of an oligotrophic temperate peatland lake
Authors: Doyle Brian C. , de Eyto Elvira , McCarthy Valerie , Dillane Mary , Jennings Eleanor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLakes play a key role in the global carbon cycle, transporting, processing and storing organic carbon (OC) along the land‐ocean aquatic continuum. There are, however, surprisingly few complete lake OC budgets, particularly for certain lake types and geographical areas. An OC budget for Lough Feeagh (Ireland), an oligotrophic, peatland lake in a temperate oceanic location, was estimated for one year using both direct measurements and elements calculated from literature. It was constructed as a simple mass balance model that constrained the key OC processing rates. The total OC input to the lake during 2017 was estimated to be 2544 t C, of which it was estimated that 51% was imported as dissolved OC (DOC) in surface water, 4% in ground water, 1% in rainwater, and 3% was fixed in the lake as net ecosystem production. The remaining 41% was carried into the lake as particulate OC (POC) in surface water. The total C exported was estimated to be 2892 t C, of which 46% and 11% were exported as DOC and POC in the surface water outflow, respectively, 26% was deposited as sediment and 17% was mineralized and emitted as CO2 to the atmosphere. The results highlight the substantial volume of OC turned over in the lake during the study period. Moreover, it emphasizes how lakes in temperate, humic systems, common on the western edge of Europe, are important to the processing and fate of OC mobilized from their catchments.
Molecular mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as broad therapeutic targets for gene therapy applications utilizing adeno‐associated viral vectors
Authors: Merjane Jessica , Chung Roger , Patani Rickie , Lisowski Leszek 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the devastating clinical outcome of the neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), its etiology remains mysterious. Approximately 90% of ALS is characterized as sporadic, signifying that the patient has no family history of the disease. The development of an impactful disease modifying therapy across the ALS spectrum has remained out of grasp, largely due to the poorly understood mechanisms of disease onset and progression. Currently, ALS is invariably fatal and rapidly progressive. It is hypothesized that multiple factors can lead to the development of ALS, however, treatments are often focused on targeting specific familial forms of the disease (10% of total cases). There is a strong need to develop disease modifying treatments for ALS that can be effective across the full ALS spectrum of familial and sporadic cases. Although the onset of disease varies significantly between patients, there are general disease mechanisms and progressions that can be seen broadly across ALS patients. Therefore, this review explores the targeting of these widespread disease mechanisms as possible areas for therapeutic intervention to treat ALS broadly. In particular, this review will focus on targeting mechanisms of defective protein homeostasis and RNA processing, which are both increasingly recognized as design principles of ALS pathogenesis. Additionally, this review will explore the benefits of gene therapy as an approach to treating ALS, specifically focusing on the use of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene delivery to the CNS and recent advances in the field.
Structure and properties of compositions of linear low‐density polyethylene with starch
Authors: Kudyshkin V. O. , Bozorov N. I. , Ashurov N. Sh. , Ashurov N. R. , Rashidova S. Sh. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGrafted copolymers of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene with acrylic acid were used as compatibilizers in polymer compositions based on linear low‐density polyethylene and starch. Using atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and physical and mechanical tests, it was determined that the presence of a graft copolymer in the composition improves the distribution of starch particles in the polyethylene matrix, affecting the supramolecular structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the composition.
Aramid fiber coated with aramid nanofiber coating to improve its interfacial properties with polycarbonate
Authors: Song Jiyin , Chen Chaofeng , Du Xue , Sun Xiaoling , Zhang Peng , Ma Yufang , Kong Haijuan , Yu Muhuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the effect of the coatings prepared from aramid nanofibers (ANFs) on the surface treatment of aramid fiber and reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composite (AF/PC). Aramid fiber's smooth, inert surface bonds poorly with polycarbonate. In this research, the PC‐ANF coating was made by the PC/CH2Cl2solution, which was modified by aramid nanofibers to improve the interfacial adhesion and compatibility of aramid fiber/PC composites. What's more, the silane (KH570) was added to improve the dispersion and interfacial strength of ANF and PC. The results showed the water contact angle of the aramid fiber modified by PSi‐ANF coating was reduced, indicating the modified fiber has a better wettability. The interfacial bonding strength between PC and aramid fiber increased by 77.2%. The AF/PC composites were prepared by hot‐compression, which the aramid fiber wovens treated with P‐ANF coating, PSi‐ANF coating. The tensile strength, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, and impact strength of the AF/PC composite reinforced by AF treated with PSi‐ANF containing 2.0 wt% ANF increased by 62.0%, 81.9%, 49.5%, and 27.6%, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrates that incorporating ANF interphase may offer an innovative and practical way for enhancing the interface bonding properties of aramid‐reinforced composites.
Natural hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops triuncialis L.
Authors: Loureiro Iñigo , Escorial María Concepción , Chueca María Cristina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.RESULTSThe spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.CONCLUSIONThe detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low‐to‐medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.