bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between PD‐1 inhibitor‐related adverse events and frailty assessed by frailty index in lung cancer patients
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhou Shuang , Zhou Ying , Liu Xinmin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor, as one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is the standard treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) remain poorly understood toxicities. It is unclear whether frailty plays a role in the occurrence of irAEs. Thus, we assess whether irAEs occur more often in frail patients than in non‐frail patients according to the Frailty Index (FI).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted. Medical records from lung cancer patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors (Sintilimab, Camrelizumab, Tislelizumab, and Pembrolizumab) at Peking University First Hospital (May 2018–June 2022). Patients were categorized into non‐frail and frail groups according to a cut‐point of 0.25 by FI. The FI calculation included 28 baseline variables, all of which were health deficits measured by questionnaires and body measurements.ResultsThe statistical analysis included 114 advanced lung cancer patients. The median age was 66 years, and the male/female ratio was 4.7:1 (94/20). Approximately 39 (34%) were classified as frail. PD‐1 inhibitor‐related adverse events occurred in 17.5% of patients, and 6.1% experienced irAEs of grade ≥3. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of irAEs (14.7% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.26), grade ≥ 3 irAEs (5.3% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.93), and treatment discontinuation due to irAEs (12.0% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.39) between non‐frail and frail patients. However, frail patients are more likely to have more than one type of irAEs and are more possibly to have checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) than non‐frail patients when they use PD‐1 inhibitors (p < 0.05). Frail patients had a longer hospital stay (6 vs. 3 days, p = 0.01).ConclusionsFrailty is not associated with severe irAEs, but is related to CIP. Meanwhile, it predicts more than one type of irAEs and a longer hospital stay. Frailty screening has added value to the decision‐making process for frail patients eligible for PD‐1 inhibitors.
Five New C21‐Steroidal Sapogenins from the Acid Hydrolysate of Cynanchum otophyllum Roots
Authors: Li Xiao‐San , Liang Xiao‐Yan , Liu Ming‐Shang , Wang Qi‐Lin , Zhan He‐Hui , Xu Zhi‐Peng , Liu Li , Huang Yong‐Mei , Yang Mao‐Xun , Luo Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFive new C21‐steroidal sapogenins (1–5) named cynotogenins J−N, were isolated from the acid hydrolysate of Cynanchum otophyllum roots. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and NMR). Most notably, compounds 1–3 harboring a rare 5β,6β‐epoxy group in the C21‐steroidal skeleton of Cynanchum plants. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against multiple cancer cell lines, in which compounds 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells with IC50 values of 44.90 μM.
Symptom control and health‐related quality of life in allergic rhinitis with and without comorbid asthma: A multicentre European study
Authors: Moitra Subhabrata , Simoni Marzia , Baldacci Sandra , Maio Sara , Angino Anna , Silvi Patrizia , Viegi Giovanni , La Grutta Stefania , Ruggiero Franco , Bedini Gianni , Natali Francesca , Cecchi Lorenzo , Berger Uwe , Prentovic Maria , Gamil Amir , Baïz Nour , Thibaudon Michel , Monnier Samuel , Caimmi Davide , Tanno Luciana K. , Demoly Pascal , Orlandini Simone , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a major non‐communicable disease that affects the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. However, data on HRQoL and symptom control in AR patients with comorbid asthma (AR + asthma) are lacking.MethodsIn this multicentre, cross‐sectional study, patients with AR were screened and administered questionnaires of demographic characteristics and health conditions (symptoms/diagnosis of AR and asthma, disease severity level, and allergic conditions). HRQoL was assessed using a modified version of the RHINASTHMA questionnaire (30, ‘not at all bothered’ ‐ 150 ‘very much bothered’) and symptom control was evaluated by a modified version of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis/Asthma Test (CARAT) (0, ‘no control’ ‐ 30, ‘very high control’).ResultsOut of 643 patients with AR, 500 (78%) had asthma as a comorbidity, and 54% had moderate‐severe intermittent AR, followed by moderate‐severe persistent AR (34%). Compared to the patients with AR alone, patients with AR + asthma had significantly higher RHINASTHMA (e.g., median RHINASTHMA‐total score 48.5 vs. 84, respectively) and a significantly lower CARAT score (median CARAT‐total score 23 vs. 16.5, respectively). Upon stratifying asthma based on severity, AR patients with severe persistent asthma had worse HRQoL and control than those with mild persistent asthma. The association was significantly higher among non‐obese participants compared to obese ones, with RHINASTHMA‐upper symptoms score but not with CARAT.ConclusionsOur observation of poorer HRQoL and symptoms control in AR patients with comorbid asthma supports the importance of a comprehensive approach for the management of AR in case of a comorbid allergic condition.
Evaluation of pollination traits important for hybrid wheat development in Great Plains germplasm
Authors: Garst Nicholas , Belamkar Vikas , Easterly Amanda , Guttieri Mary J. , Stoll Hannah , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Baenziger P. Stephen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) offers potential yield advantages over conventional inbred cultivars. For hybrid wheat to be a commercial success, the cost to produce the hybrid seed needs to be minimized. Although wheat is naturally self‐pollinated, hybrid wheat seed production can be improved by increasing the amount and availability of pollen for cross‐pollination. This research examined 19 pollination traits using the Hard Winter Wheat Association Mapping Panel for 3 years. Anther extrusion, pollen 50 date (date at which a genotype has 50% of spikes pollinating), plant height, and pollination duration (last spike pollen 50 date minus first spike pollen 50 date) were identified as the most important traits for hybrid seed production. Anther extrusion, plant height, and pollen 50 date varied widely among genotypes, while pollination duration had significant genotypic differences in one year of testing. These traits also had significant genotype × year interactions, but better and poorer performers were consistent among years. Anther extrusion was weakly, negatively correlated with plant height, and high anther extrusion semi‐dwarf genotypes were identified. Pollination duration was reduced in a high temperature (>30°C) environment, and genotypic differences in pollination duration were identified only in a milder temperature (24°C) environment. Hierarchical clustering suggested that excellent pollinator genotypes with high anther extrusion and longer pollination duration tended to pollinate early and were of short to moderate stature. Pollination traits were higher when temperatures were mild, which benefited early genotypes because they pollinated before higher temperatures limited their pollination duration.
Progress of Actinidia chinensis Planch. root extract (acRoots) in cancer immunity
Authors: Wang Lingyan , Li Zheng , Zhang Miaomiao , Shen Qi , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractActinidia chinensis Planch. root extract (acRoots) is a famous Chinese traditional medicine used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as tumours and cardiovascular diseases, etc. However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, the biological features of acRoots and its chemical compositions are explored, including polysaccharides, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids and so on. The pathogenesis of cancer involves not only genetic factors but also the microenvironment. Different types of immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, play an essential role in cancer development, and acRoots was found to take part in modulating cancer immunity. Therefore, this article summarises its role in cancer immunity and unmasks the potential underlying mechanisms by incorporating our research on cancer immunity.
Elevated random glucose levels at admission are associated with all‐cause mortality and cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation in patients with acute myocardial infarction and without diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Yujuan , Tao Jing , Shen Xin , Cheng Hui , Dong Xiangyu , Muyesai Nijiati , Wang Zhao , Li Nanfang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated glucose levels at admission are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); additionally, such elevation has a higher prognostic value for patients without diabetes.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited 2412 AMI patients without diabetes from 1 August 2011 to 10 January 2022. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality during hospitalisation, and the secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrioventricular block and new stroke.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 65 years and 78.6% were male. Of the 2412 patients, all‐cause mortality occurred in 236 patients (9.8%) during hospitalisation. In multivariate‐adjusted models that corrected for variable weights, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased with an increase in random glucose levels at admission; specifically, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased per 1 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004–1.008), per 9 mg/dL (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.08), and per 18 mg/dL (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16) increases in admission glucose levels. When admission glucose levels were expressed as a categorical variable, increased levels of glucose (relative to the reference glucose value <140 mg/dL) led to an increased risk of all‐cause mortality; specifically, the OR of all‐cause mortality for 140–200 mg/dL glucose was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.09–2.17) and the OR for glucose >200 mg/dL was 3.08 (95% CI: 2.00–4.62) (P for trend <0.001). The risk of cardiogenic shock also increased with glucose levels with an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.21–2.31) for 140–200 mg/dL glucose and an OR of 3.72 (95% CI: 2.50–5.46) for >200 mg/dL, compared with that of glucose <140 mg/dL. In multivariate‐adjusted spline regression models, an increased risk of all‐cause mortality was observed in patients with glucose ≥122 mg/dL (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.38–2.38, p < 0.001) compared with the reference cohort. Furthermore, patients with glucose ≥111 mg/dL (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.80–3.12) had a higher risk of cardiogenic shock than patients with glucose <111 mg/dL.ConclusionsPatients with AMI and without diabetes who had elevated random glucose levels at admission had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and cardiogenic shock during hospitalisation. In particular, patients with glucose ≥122 mg/dL had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality, and those with glucose ≥111 mg/dL had an increased risk of cardiogenic shock.
Broadband solar‐driven water evaporator based on organic hybrid bandgap and bio‐mimetic interfaces
Authors: Zhu Jingshuai , Wang Xiang , Liang Jiechang , Qiu Xiaopan , Chen Shiguo , Wang Yu , Wang Yuanfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOwing to the lightweight, flexibility, and molecular diversity, organic photothermal materials are considered promising solar absorbent materials for water‐evaporating purification. Herein, we utilize the blend of two organic conjugated photothermal materials, PM6 and Y6, with broadband solar absorption from 350 to 1000 nm and high‐efficiency photothermal properties to fabricate a Janus water evaporator on cellulose paper. Similar to the asymmetric wetting behavior on the lotus leaf, the evaporator shows efficient water adhesion on the bottom surface and water repellency on the top surface for a desirable self‐floating capability and salt resistance. With a mass of only 0.5 mg per 3.14 cm2, the PM6:Y6 blend‐based water evaporator achieves 88.9% of solar thermal conversion efficiency (η) and 1.52 kg m−2 h−1 of solar water evaporation rate (m) under 1.0 kW m−2 solar irradiation. These properties are almost the best performance among purely organic water evaporators especially with such a premise of material saving. The concentrations of primary ions are significantly decreased by 4–6 orders after desalination, accompanied by excellent performance for wastewater treatment. This evaporator realizes a m of 1.21 kg m−2 h−1, a η of 75.7%, and a voltage of 61 mV under one sun irradiation by assembling with a thermoelectric equipment. This study demonstrates that the blending of PM6 and Y6 achieves photothermal synergism, which improves the photothermal property and water evaporation rate, providing a valuable prospect for their application in water purification and thermoelectric power generation.image
Ecological Drivers of Mercury Bioaccumulation in Fish of a Subarctic Watercourse
Authors: Amundsen Per-Arne , Henriksson Matilda , Poste Amanda , Prati Sebastian , Power Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a serious concern for aquatic ecosystems because it may biomagnify to harmful concentrations within food webs and consequently end up in humans that eat fish. However, the trophic transfer of mercury through the aquatic food web may be impacted by several factors related to network complexity and the ecology of the species present. The present study addresses the interplay between trophic ecology and mercury contamination in the fish communities of two lakes in a pollution-impacted subarctic watercourse, exploring the role of both horizontal (feeding habitat) and vertical (trophic position) food web characteristics as drivers for the Hg contamination in fish. The lakes are located in the upper and lower parts of the watercourse, with the lower site located closer to, and downstream from, the main pollution source. The lakes have complex fish communities dominated by coregonids (polymorphic whitefish and invasive vendace) and several piscivorous species. Analyses of habitat use, stomach contents, and stable isotope signatures (δ15N, δ13C) revealed similar food web structures in the two lakes except for a few differences chiefly related to ecological effects of the invasive vendace. The piscivores had higher Hg concentrations than invertebrate-feeding fish. Concentrations increased with size and age for the piscivores and vendace, whereas habitat differences were of minor importance. Most fish species showed significant differences in Hg concentrations between the lakes, the highest values typically found in the downstream site where the biomagnification rate also was higher. Mercury levels in piscivorous fish included concentrations that exceed health authorization limits, with possible negative implications for fishing and human consumption. Our findings accentuate the importance of acquiring detailed knowledge of the drivers that can magnify Hg concentrations in fish and how these may vary within and among aquatic systems, to provide a scientific basis for adequate management strategies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:873–887. © 2023 SETAC
External fire plumes from mass timber compartment fires—Comparison to test methods for regulatory compliance of façades
Authors: Sjöström Johan , Brandon Daniel , Temple Alastair , Anderson Johan , McNamee Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPost‐flashover fires inherently lead to external fire plumes, constituting a hazard for rapid fire spread over façades. As multi‐storey mass timber buildings with internal visible timber surfaces become more common, there are concerns that such buildings would produce larger external plumes and hazards (assuming all other parameters equal). The literature reveals only indications of this, and how the actual exposure relates to different test methods for assessment is unknown. Here we utilise a series of full‐scale mass timber compartment tests to quantify the exposure to the external façade. An incombustible external façade is instrumented with gauges at positions corresponding to reference data from several different assessment methods. The results show that there is an increase in plume duration, height, and temperatures when increasing the areas of exposed timber, but that this increase is less for normal‐ to large‐opening compartments, than was previously seen in small‐opening compartments. Also, normal variations in external wind speed have a larger influence on plume heights than the effect of doubling exposed timber surfaces. Test methods used for regulatory compliance differ significantly not only in exposure but also in pass/fail criteria. The proposed European large exposure method and the BS8414 method exhibit exposures on par with the severe end of what could be expected from mass timber compartments, whereas methods like SP Fire 105 and Lepir II produce significantly less severe plumes. However, the safety level is always a combination of exposure and assessment criteria. This data can help justify assessment criteria from a performance perspective.
The Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Menopause on Bone Mineral Density: A Longitudinal Study of Urban-Dwelling South African Women
Authors: Madanhire Tafadzwa MSc , Goedecke Julia H. PhD , Ward Kate A. PhD , Jaff Nicole PhD , Crowther Nigel J. PhD , Norris Shane PhD , Ferrand Rashida A. PhD , Rehman Andrea M. PhD , Micklesfield Lisa K. PhD , Gregson Celia L. PhD 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
An estimated 25% of South African women live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral therapy roll-out has improved life expectancy, so many more women now reach menopause. We aimed to quantify changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during the menopausal transition in urban-dwelling South African women with and without HIV and determine whether HIV infection modified the effect of menopause on BMD changes. A 5-year population-based longitudinal study recruited women aged 40–60 years residing in Soweto and collected demographic and clinical data, including HIV status, anthropometry, and BMD, at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. All women were staged as pre-, peri-, or postmenopausal at both time points. Multivariable linear regression assessed relationships and interactions between HIV infection, menopause, and change in BMD. At baseline, 450 women had mean age 49.5 (SD 5.7) years, 65 (14.4%) had HIV, and 140 (31.1%), 119 (26.4%), and 191 (42.4%) were pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal, respectively; 34/205 (13.6%) women ≥50 years had a total hip (TH) or lumbar spine (LS) T-score ≤ −2.5. At follow-up 38 (8.4%), 84 (18.7%), and 328 (72.9%) were pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal. Those with HIV at baseline lost more total body (TB) BMD (mean difference −0.013 [95% confidence interval −0.026, −0.001] g/cm2, p = 0.040) and gained more weight 1.96 [0.32, 3.60] kg; p = 0.019 than HIV-uninfected women. After adjusting for age, baseline weight, weight change, and follow-up time, the transition from pre- to postmenopause was associated with greater TB BMD losses in women with HIV (−0.092 [−0.042, −0.142] g/cm2; p = 0.001) than without HIV (−0.038 [−0.016, −0.060] g/cm2, p = 0.001; interaction p = 0.034). Similarly, in women who were postmenopausal at both time points, those with HIV lost more TB BMD (−0.070 [−0.031, −0.108], p = 0.001) than women without HIV (−0.036 [−0.015, −0.057], p = 0.001, interaction p = 0.049). Findings were consistent but weaker at the LS and TH. Menopause-related bone loss is greater in women with HIV, suggesting women with HIV may be at greater risk of osteoporotic fractures. HIV services should consider routine bone health assessment in midlife women as part of long-term HIV care delivery. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The Clinical and Skeletal Effects of Long-Term Therapy of Hypoparathyroidism With rhPTH(1-84)
Authors: Agarwal Sanchita , McMahon Donald J. , Chen Juliet , Brossfield Aiden V. , Fernando Jason , Bilezikian John P. , Cusano Natalie E. , Rubin Mishaela R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, low or absent parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, reduced bone remodeling, and high areal bone mineral density (aBMD). PTH is a therapeutic option, yet data on the prolonged clinical and skeletal effects of PTH treatment are limited. We tracked annual daily doses of calcium and active vitamin D supplements, calciotropic biochemistries, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and aBMD measurements in 27 HypoPT patients (16 postsurgical, 11 nonsurgical) who were treated with recombinant human PTH(1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)] for at least 8 (n = 27) and up to 12 (n = 14) years. We also performed high-resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) imaging and report results at baseline, 5, 8, and 12 years of rhPTH(1-84) treatment. With prolonged use of rhPTH, reductions in the need for supplemental calcium and active vitamin D were maintained. The eGFR did not decline. Serum calcium was maintained within the lower limit of the normal range. aBMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed an increase at the lumbar spine and a decrease at the distal 1/3 radius. By HRpQCT, cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the tibia decreased at year 5: −20.0% ± 1.5%. The magnitude of this reduction was mitigated in year 8: −8.5% ± 1.6% and in year 12: −10.3% ± 2.2% but all were significantly below the mean baseline value (p &lt; 0.001). A similar pattern of decline was observed at the radius. Cortical porosity progressively increased at the tibia in year 5: 17.4% ± 10% (p &lt; 0.05), year 8: 55.2% ± 11% (p &lt; 0.001), and year 12: 83.5% ± 14% (p &lt; 0.001). A similar pattern of increase was observed at the radius. Failure load, which was higher than normal at baseline, decreased but remained above normal at year 12. This is the longest experience, to date, with PTH therapy in HypoPT. These results demonstrate sustained biochemical stability but overall decreases in bone mass. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Do ADHD Treatments Improve Executive Behavior Beyond Core ADHD Symptoms in Adults? Evidence From Systematic Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Surman Craig B.H. , Walsh Daniel M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe sought to understand the effect of current treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on executive functioning deficits, which are often comorbid with ADHD, via a systematic analysis of adult ADHD treatment studies evaluating change in behavioral measures beyond the core symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD. The standardized mean difference for behavioral measures of executive functioning was determined from controlled trials of adults with ADHD and compared with effects on core ADHD symptoms. Several studies of atomoxetine revealed small to large standardized mean differences. Nonreplicated studies revealed small to medium effects for triple‐bead mixed amphetamine salts, lisdexamfetamine, and forms of cognitive behavioral therapy. Proportional effect versus core ADHD symptoms ranged from 0.78 to 1.16 for atomoxetine, and from 0.65 to 1.44 across all the studies. ADHD treatments have effects on executive functioning behavior beyond core ADHD symptoms in adults. Clinicians can measure and treat this morbidity using available clinical tools.