bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide‐modified liposomes and their application in cancer research
Authors: Peng Peichun , Chen Zeshan , Wang Miaodong , Wen Bin , Deng Xin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanodrug delivery systems have been widely used in cancer treatment. Among these, liposomal drug carriers have gained considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. However, conventional liposomes have several shortcomings, such as poor stability, rapid clearance, aggregation, fusion, degradation, hydrolysis, and oxidation of phospholipids. Polysaccharides are natural polymers of biological origin that exhibit structural stability, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, flexibility, non‐immunogenicity, low toxicity, and targetability. Therefore, they represent a promising class of polymers for the modification of the surface properties of liposomes to overcome their shortcomings. In addition, polysaccharides can be readily combined with other materials to develop new composite materials. Hence, they represent the optimal choice for liposomal modification to improve pharmacokinetics and clinical utility. Polysaccharide‐coated liposomes exhibit better stability, drug release kinetics, and cellular uptake than conventional liposomes. The oncologic application of polysaccharide‐coated liposomes has become a research hotspot. We summarize the preparation, physicochemical properties, and antineoplastic effects of polysaccharide‐coated liposomes to facilitate antitumor drug development.
A systematic review of the colorectal microbiome in adult cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Gilbert Brent , Kaiko Gerard , Smith Stephen , Wark Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimCystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary, life‐limiting, multi‐system condition that results in chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal inflammation. Evidence indicates that CF patients develop colorectal cancer (CRC) earlier and more often than the general population. Intestinal dysbiosis resulting from genetics and CF treatment is a contributing factor. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature to compare the microbiome of adult CF patients to non‐CF patients and to assess if these changes correspond with known CRC microbiome alterations.MethodsA systematic review across five databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies focusing on adult CF patients using next generation sequencing and with appropriate non‐CF controls were included. Two reviewers independently screened results and assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsThe search generated 2757 results. 118 studies were retained after reviewing the title/abstract and full article review found five studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies consistently showed reduced microbial diversity in CF patients and unique clustering between CF and control cohorts. Thirty‐four genera and 27 species were differently expressed between CF and controls. The CF cohort had a reduced number of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria and a higher abundance of bacteria associated with CRC compared to controls.ConclusionThere was substantial heterogeneity across all the studies with regard to methodologies and reporting. However, all studies consistently found CF patients had reduced microbial diversity, fewer SCFA producing bacteria and increased CRC‐associated bacteria. Further prospective studies employing consistent multi‐omics approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the CF gut microbiome and its involvement in early onset CRC.Significance statementThis is the first systematic review to assess adult CF colorectal microbiome changes. This study shows CF patients have reduced SCFA producing bacteria and increased CRC‐associated bacteria compared to non‐CF patients and may help to explain the increased risk of CRC in the CF cohort.
Characterizing complex and competing drug–drug interactions between the antiviral regimen of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir with rifampin or carbamazepine
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Li Hong , Wang Stanley , Mensa Federico , Kort Jens , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fixed‐dose combination of the direct acting antivirals glecaprevir (GLE) and pibrentasvir (PIB) is an oral, once‐daily treatment for all six major genotypes of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A single and multiple‐dose rifampin study (N = 12) and a carbamazepine study (N = 12) were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the effects of CYP3A/P‐gp induction and OATP inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of GLE and PIB. In study 1, GLE 300 mg + PIB 120 mg was administered as a single dose either alone, after single and multiple daily doses of rifampin 600 mg, or 24 h after the last rifampin dose. In study 2, GLE 300 mg + PIB 120 mg was administered as a single dose either alone or after multiple doses of carbamazepine 200 mg. Relative to GLE + PIB alone, exposure of GLE was significantly increased by the first co‐administered rifampin dose due to OATP inhibition, significantly decreased 24 h after the last rifampin dose due to CYP3A/P‐gp induction, and slightly increased when co‐administered with steady‐state rifampin due to a combination of inhibition and induction forces. Exposure of PIB was not affected when co‐administered with the first rifampin dose but was significantly decreased with steady‐state rifampin co‐administration, or 24 h after the last rifampin dose due to P‐gp induction. Carbamazepine significantly decreased GLE and PIB exposure, mainly attributed to P‐gp induction. The regimens tested were generally well‐tolerated by the subjects and no new safety issues were identified.
A novel single‐base deletion of the RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 gene associated with cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Pan Yuhua , Lu Wanyu , Meng Weidong , Liao Wenxiao , Hu Aiqin , Wu Buling , Xiong Fu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by skeletal malformations and dental abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to explore the functional role of a novel mutation in the pathogenesis of CCD. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from family members of a Chinese patient with CCD. An analysis of their RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) gene sequences was performed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The function of the mutant RUNX2 was studied by bioinformatics, real‐time PCR, western blotting, and subcellular localization analysis. Sanger sequencing identified a novel single‐base deletion (NM_001024630.4:c.132delG;NP_001019801.3: Val45Trpfs*99) in the RUNX2 gene present in the Chinese patient with CCD. In vitro, functional studies showed altered protein localization and increased expression of mutant RUNX2 mRNA and mutant Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the novel RUNX2 mutations significantly increased the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on the osteocalcin gene promoter. In conclusion, we identified a patient with sporadic CCD carrying a novel deletion/frameshift mutation of the RUNX2 gene and performed screening and functional analyses to determine the cause of the CCD phenotype. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of CCD.3
Normalized hellinger feature selection and soft margin boosting classification for water quality prediction
Authors: Karuppannan Kalaivanan , Jayagopal Vellingiri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral research works have been introduced using classification methods for predicting water quality. However, the accuracy level with which the prediction was made and the time consumed in the prediction was not found to be satisfactory. In order to solve these problems, water quality forecasting is done using machine learning and deep learning techniques. The study introduces an efficient water quality prediction called, Normalized Hellinger Feature Selection based Soft Margin Boosting (NHFS‐SMB) is developed based on pre‐processing, feature selection, and classification with higher accuracy and lesser time consumption. The Hellinger Similarity Feature selection model is used to select relevant features for water quality prediction. SMBC is an ensemble classifier that combines several weak classifiers (i.e., associative classifier) to provide the final prediction results as normal or contaminated conditions with lesser error rates. Experimental evaluation is determined by the factors such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and ROC Curve with respect to the number of data points.
Experiences of peer navigators implementing a bilingual multilevel intervention to address sexually transmitted infection and HIV disparities and social determinants of health
Authors: Robles Arvizu José A. , Mann‐Jackson Lilli , Alonzo Jorge , Garcia Manuel , Refugio Aviles Lucero , Smart Benjamin D. , Rhodes Scott D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affect young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women of colour. We explored the experiences of community‐based peer navigators (‘Community Navigators’) who participated in Impact Triad, a bilingual multilevel intervention developed by our community‐based participatory research partnership to reduce STIs and HIV and address social determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, social support and discrimination) among young GBMSM and transgender women of colour.MethodsIndividual in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 Community Navigators who participated in Impact Triad. Themes were identified through constant comparison.ResultsCommunity Navigators' mean age was 31.4 years. Seven were self‐identified as African American/Black, 5 as Latine, 2 as multiracial/multiethnic, 1 as Asian American, 10 as cisgender men, 4 as transgender women and 1 as gender nonbinary. Thirteen themes emerged in three domains: (1) key aspects of the Community Navigator role (e.g., desire to serve as a community resource, the importance of being part of the communities in which one was working, the value of having an official role, being connected to other Community Navigators to problem‐solving and sustaining intervention aspects long‐term); (2) experiences implementing Impact Triad (e.g., engaging community members, meeting prioritized needs, building trust, using social media, increasing awareness and knowledge and challenges related to COVID‐19) and (3) lessons learned for future interventions (e.g., facilitating access to broader resources, building additional skills and increasing interactions among Community Navigators).ConclusionInterviews identified important learnings about serving as Community Navigators and implementing Impact Triad that can guide future efforts to address STI/HIV disparities and social determinants of health through community‐based peer navigation.Patient or Public ContributionThroughout this intervention trial, our partnership worked collaboratively with a study‐specific community advisory board (CAB) comprised primarily of young GBMSM and transgender women of colour. Members of this CAB participated in all aspects of the trial including trial design, intervention development, recruitment and retention strategies, data collection and analysis, interpretation of findings and dissemination.
Hemoglobin EE disease in young Laotian children: Hematologic features and the contributions of genetic variations to Hb F expression
Authors: Arong Areeda , Srivorakun Hathichanok , Chaibunruang Attawut , Fucharoen Supan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe wide variation in hemoglobin (Hb) F levels has been observed in patients with Hb EE disease. This study aimed to describe hematologic features and determine the effect of genetic variants on Hb F expression in young children with Hb EE disease.MethodsHematologic features and Hb profiles of Laotian children aged 6–23 months, who originally enrolled in the Lao‐Zinc study, were retrospectively reviewed. Only children with Hb EE disease, as indicated by DNA analysis, were included in this current analysis. Genetic variants, including the Gγ‐XmnI polymorphism (C>T) of the HBG2 gene, the HBS1L‐MYB intergenic region on chromosome 6, and the BCL11A on chromosome 2 as well as the mutations occurring on the Krüppel‐like factor 1 (KLF1) gene, were examined.ResultsIn total, 205 children were diagnosed as having Hb EE disease with Hb F ranged from 1.2 to 43.7%. Most of the children had mild to moderate anemia with a remarkable microcytosis. Analysis of the genetic variants revealed an extremely high frequency of the Gγ‐XmnI (93.7%). Applying multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and α‐thal gene, a positive relation was observed for the rs4671393 (coefficient = 3.87, p = .005) and the rs2297339 (coefficient = 2.48, p = .046), but not the Gγ‐XmnI. A statistically non‐significant relation was noted for the rs9399137 and the −154 (C>T) KLF1 mutation.ConclusionOur findings provide insight into complex situation of Hb F variability in young children with Hb EE disease; and this can guide to appropriate care and counseling to affected families.
Managing peri‐mitral flutter
Authors: Lim Michael W. , Kistler Peter M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exponential rise in the incidence of peri‐mitral flutter has paralleled the increasing use of more extensive atrial substrate ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the relative paucity of randomized evidence to support its role in AF management, mitral isthmus ablation should largely be reserved for patients with peri‐mitral flutter. Catheter ablation for peri‐mitral flutter is challenging due to complex anatomic relationships. The aim of this report is to review the anatomic considerations and approaches to catheter ablation for peri‐mitral flutter.
The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study
Authors: Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Upthegrove Rachel , Lawrence Kate , Thayakaran Rasiah , Kooij Sandra , Gregory Alice M , Marwaha Steven 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundSeveral underlying mechanisms potentially account for the link between sleep and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including inflammation. However, studies so far have been cross sectional. We investigate (a) the association between early childhood sleep and probable ADHD diagnosis in childhood and (b) whether childhood circulating inflammatory markers mediate these prospective associations.MethodsData from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were available for 7,658 10‐year‐old children. Parent‐reported sleep duration, night awakening frequency and regular sleep routines were collected at 3.5 years. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment was administered to capture children with clinically relevant ADHD symptoms, or probable ADHD diagnosis. Blood samples were collected at 9 years, from which two inflammatory markers were obtained [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP)]. Logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the associations between sleep variables at 3.5 years and probable ADHD diagnosis at 10 years. Further, path analysis was applied to examine the potential mediating role of inflammation at 9 years (as measured by CRP and IL‐6) in the associations between early sleep and ADHD at 10 years.ResultsLess regular sleep routines (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28–0.93, p = .029), shorter nighttime sleep (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.56–0.89, p = .004) and higher night awakening frequency (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.06–1.52, p = .009) at 3.5 years were associated with higher odds of ADHD at 10 years. Further, IL‐6 at 9 years, but not CRP, mediated the association between irregular sleep routines and ADHD (bias‐corrected estimate, −0.002; p = .005) and between night awakening and ADHD (bias‐corrected estimate, 0.002; p = .003).ConclusionsSeveral sleep problems in early childhood constitute a risk factor for probable ADHD diagnosis at 10 years. Further, these associations are partially mediated by IL‐6 at 9 years. These results open a new research vista to the pathophysiology of ADHD and highlight sleep and inflammation as potential preventative targets for ADHD.
Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on the association between weight variability and major adverse cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhong Xiangbin , Xu Xingfeng , Liu Menghui , Wang Peng , He Lixiang , Christopher Odong , Zhang Shaozhao , Lin Yifen , Huang Yiquan , Xiong Zhenyu , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAims/introductionWeight variability is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. However, whether the guideline‐recommended intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) will affect this association in overweight or obese adults with diabetes is not well established.Materials and MethodsIn 3,859 participants from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial, the associations of 4 year weight variability measured by variability independent of the mean (VIM) with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and secondary outcomes in ILI and diabetes support & education (DSE) arm were evaluated.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.6 years, 255 (12.9%) participants in the ILI arm and 247 (13.2%) participants in the DSE arm developed MACE. Participants with the highest quartile of weight variability (VIM Q4) experienced a 2.23‐fold higher risk of MACE compared with the lowest quartile (VIM Q1) in the DSE arm (hazard ratio [HR] 2.23; 95% CI 1.51–3.30). Compared with the lowest weight variability (VIM Q1), participants with the highest weight variability (VIM Q4) were associated with higher risks of secondary cardiovascular composite outcome (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.20–2.95), all‐cause mortality (HR 3.19; 95% CI 1.75–5.82), and myocardial infarction (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.12–3.37) in the DSE arm.ConclusionsAmong the overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, rising weight variability was independently associated with increased MACE risks in the DSE arm. Therefore, a guideline‐recommended ILI strategy for weight loss should be adopted to improve cardiovascular outcomes without worrying about the effect of weight fluctuations.
Beneficial effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on hippocampal impairments of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)
Authors: Ronchetti Santiago , Labombarda Florencia , Roig Paulina , De Nicola Alejandro F. , Pietranera Luciana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHippocampal neuropathology is a recognized feature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The hippocampal alterations associate with cognitive impairment. We have shown that hippocampal abnormalities are reversed by 17β‐estradiol, a steroid binding to intracellular receptors (estrogen receptor α and β subtypes) or the membrane‐located G‐protein coupled estradiol receptor. Genistein (GEN) is a neuroprotective phytoestrogen which binds to estrogen receptor β and G‐protein coupled estradiol receptor. Here, we investigated whether GEN neuroprotection extends to SHR. For this purpose, we treated 5‐month‐old SHR for 2 weeks with 10 mg kg−1 daily s.c injections of GEN. We analyzed the expression of doublecortin+ neuronal progenitors, glial fibrillary acidic protein+ astrocytes and ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1+ microglia in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using immunocytochemistry, whereas a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase‐2 and transforming growth factor β. We also evaluated hippocampal dependent memory using the novel object recognition test. The results showed a decreased number of doublecortin+ neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus of SHR that was reversed with GEN. The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein+ astrocytes in the dentate gyrus and CA1 was increased in SHR but significantly decreased by GEN treatment. Additionally, GEN shifted microglial morphology from the predominantly activated phenotype present in SHR, to the more surveillance phenotype found in normotensive rats. Furthermore, treatment with GEN decreased the mRNA of the pro‐inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase‐2 and increased the mRNA of the anti‐inflammatory factor transforming growth factor β. Discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was decreased in SHR and treatment with GEN increased this parameter. Our results indicate important neuroprotective effects of GEN at the neurochemical and behavioral level in SHR. Our data open an interesting possibility for proposing this phytoestrogen as an alternative therapy in hypertensive encephalopathy.
A comparison of risk factors for relapse in opiate‐related and stimulant‐related substance use disorders: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Amini Kourosh , Long Tracey , Jafari Varjoshani Nasrin , Rabie Siahkali Soheila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecognizing the specific factors in relapse disorders related to each substance can help improve treatment methods and adopt more effective preventive strategies. This study aimed to compare the situational factors associated with relapse in opiate‐related disorders with stimulant‐related disorders (SRDs) of those referred to substance misuse treatment centers.DesignThis study was a cross‐section type.MethodsThe study participants were 150 clients with SRDs and 150 with opiate‐related disorders. Samples were selected using two stages random sampling method. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Drug‐Taking Situations (IDTS).ResultsThe mean score of IDTS in the two groups was significantly different (X̄1 = 45.93 ± 11.12 vs. X̄2 = 48.34 ± 15.07; t = 3.32, p < 0.01). The mean scores of ‘unpleasant emotions,’ ‘physical discomfort,’ ‘conflict with others,’ and ‘social pressure to use and urge/temptations’ subscales were significantly higher in the stimulant group than in the opiate group (p < 0.05). However, the mean of the testing’ personal control’ subscale was higher in the opiate group than in the stimulant group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study reveals that despite some similarities, relapse‐related situational factors in opiates and stimulants differ. Some situational factors, such as social pressure and coping with unpleasant emotions, play a more critical role in relapse to both stimulant and opiate groups.
Synchronous ovarian and uterine mesonephric‐like carcinoma that potentially arose from endometrioid adenofibroma: A case report
Authors: Ishida Kentaro , Ashihara Takahito , So Makiko , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Matsumura Noriomi , Nonogaki Takafumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMesonephric‐like carcinoma histologically resembles mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA) of the cervix. MA arises from mesonephric duct remnants. However, the origin of mesonephric‐like carcinoma is not extensively studied because of its rarity. Here, we present a case of synchronous ovarian and uterine mesonephric‐like carcinoma that potentially arose from endometrioid adenofibroma. A 69‐year‐old woman presented with an abdominal mass with no genital bleeding. She underwent simple total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexal resection. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were consistent with mesonephric‐like carcinoma involving both ovaries and the uterus. Endometrioid adenofibroma was present in both ovaries, while adenomyosis was observed in the uterus. The glandular duct of the endometrioid adenofibroma in the right ovary had areas suggestive of precursor lesions of mesonephric‐like carcinoma. All tumors exhibited the KRAS G12D mutation. These findings suggest that the origin of the mesonephric‐like carcinoma was the Müllerian duct, and that the ovarian and uterine tumors were monoclonal.