bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish Catch Rate and Fish Composition of Commercially Operated by Multi-Day Trawling off Sindhudurg Coast of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kharatmol B. R. , Sutar V. B. , Kulkarni A. S. , Markad A. T. , Landage A. T. 
Published: August 2023

The commercial-operated multi-day trawlers from Sindhudurg coast carried out fishing operations at Malvan landing center, South Konkan region, Maharashtra, India in the mean depth range of 18–31 m in September, 2016 to May, 2018 to assess the changing trends in the fish catch composition, catch and discards rate by multi-day trawlers operating along the Sindhudurg coast of Maharashtra state. The average catch rate was observed 25.03 kg h-1 and 31.72 kg h-1 with average discards 5.07 kg h-1 and 7.81 kg h-1 by multi-day trawler during 2016–17 and 2017–18 respectively. During two fishing seasons, the average catch rate was 28.37 kg h-1, with average discards of 6.44 kg h-1 by multi-day trawlers. Major catch composition of multiday trawlers comprised Arius maculatus, Parastromateus niger, Lactarius lactarius, Otolithes cuvieri, Lepturacanthus savala, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Scomberomorus guttatus, Cynoglossus macrostormus, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, and Penaeid prawns. Discards comprised juveniles of commercial species and adults of low market value fishes. Cod end mesh size of trawl net varied from 15–35 mm depending on the fishery resources harvested. Duration of fishing trips by multi-day trawlers varied from 2–4 days, peak fishing activities were observed during October to December followed by February in terms landing. The study clearly indicated an increase in the average catch rate h-1 trawler-1 during the year 2017–18 compared to the previous year 2016–17 along the Sindhudurg coast. The t-Test performed on fish catch and discard of multi-day trawlers showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in a fish catch (kg h-1) and fish discards between two fishing seasons, i.e., 2016–17 and 2017–18.
Effect of Nutrient Management Options on Production and Profitability of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Acid Soil of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Tasung Ampee , Kalita Homeswar , Alone Rajesh A. , Chanu Loitongbam Joymati , Angami Thejangulie , Makdoh Badapmain , Touthang Letngam , Das Shaon Kumar 
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed for the standardization of soil nutrient management in increasing the production and profitability of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in acid soils of Arunachal Pradesh. A field experiment was carried out in randomized block design with three replications during the rabi season (October–January 2018–2021). The treatment consisted of two French bean cultivars (selection-9 and changlabi local) and 10 nutrient levels [control, vermicompost (Vc), vermicompost+lime (Vc+lime), 50% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer), 50% RDF+lime, 50% RDF+Vc, 75% RDF, 75% RDF+lime, 75% RDF+Vc, 100% RDF]. The doses of vermicompost, lime and RDF were 2.5 t ha-1, 400 kg ha-1 and 50-50-50 NPK kg ha-1. The results observed among the soil nutrient management, treatment 75% RDF+Vc recorded minimum values of 50% days to flowering (41.7 DOS) and maximum values of pod length (14.8 cm), the number of pod plant-1 (7.17) and yield (4,654 kg ha-1). This treatment also recorded maximum gross and production efficiency. The B:C ratio of 75% RDF+Vc and 75% RDF+lime treatment was recorded above 1.50, irrespective of the cultivar. Between the cultivar, selection-9 obtained higher values of yield attributes, yield, gross return, production efficiency and B:C ratio than changlabi local. Thus, based on French bean crop yield and yield attributes, 75% RDF along with Vc @ 2.5 t ha-1 was superior, irrespective of cultivar and between the cultivars, selection-9 was superior.
Impact of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Mungbean
Authors: Joshi N. , Joshi S. , Singh S. , Sharma J. K. , Shekhawat H. S. , Sutaliya R. 
Published: August 2023

A multilocation field experiment was conducted during kharif season (July–September) of 2019 in mungbean under organic nutrient management at Agriculture Research Sub-Station, Sumerpur, Pali and Adaptive Trial Centre, Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan, India. The nine organic nutrient management practices viz. T1- Farmyard manure (FYM) as per soil health card @ 10 t ha-1, T2- Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T3- T1+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), T4- T2+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T5- T1+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T6- T2+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T7- T1+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T8- T2+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and T9- Control in three replications in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The higher values of growth attributes like number of leaves, number of branches, height and leaf area per plant were recorded by treatment vermicompost as per soil health card+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) which was found significantly superior over the other treatments at both the places. It was found that Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS along with vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 obtained higher SPAD value (39.51), seed yield (908 kg ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) under organic farming during kharif season at both the places.
Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Das Himasri , Arif Syed A. , Goswami Chandrani , Das Tinku , Deka Deepjyoti , Ali Arfan , Gogoi Sophia M. , Bora Durlav P. 
Published: August 2023

The eyes, which were not previously the subject of investigation, have emerged as one of the more intriguing aspect of COVID-19 infection. The probable pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection through the eyes are either through the tear film and draining tear ducts leading to the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, or through the conjunctiva into limbal superficial cells into the inner eye, where distribution via the blood or nervous system appears to be possible. Virus pathogenesis through tear and conjunctiva has been established in animal models of several coronavirus eye diseases, and preliminary research have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may do the same in humans. Given that COVID-19 cases have reached pandemic proportions and are on the rise, it is vital to recognize the illness’s ocular manifestations and avert potentially vision-threatening effects. Coronaviruses may be transmitted between animals and humans through evolution, therefore investigating them in animal models could be crucial in the future to discover further elements of ocular involvement. It is recommended that health care and individual personnel take steps to avoid infection and limit viral transmission. More study is needed to understand the transmission pathways and the alternatives for COVID-19 prevention and therapy disseminated through the ocular surfaces for prompt recovery of the patients.
Effect of Iron Nutrition on Growth and Productivity of Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Soumya B. , Vani K. P. , Surekha K. 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons (June–October) of 2012 and 2013 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telengana, India to evaluate the response of rice cultivars and iron nutrition on growth and yield of aerobic rice. Experiment comprising of three rice cultivars (Tellahamsa, MTU 1010 and KRH 2) and twelve sources and modes of iron nutrition i.e. control (no iron), basal application of iron sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1, basal application of Iron chelate @ 25 kg ha-1, 3 foliar sprays of 2% iron sulphate @ 7 days interval, 3 foliar sprays of 2% iron sulphate @ 10 days interval and 3 foliar sprays of 2% iron sulphate @ 15 days interval. Next 3 treatments were three foliar sprays of 2% iron sulphate in conjunction with basal application of iron sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1. Subsequent treatments were three foliar sprays of 2% iron sulphate with basal combination of iron chelate @ 25 kg ha-1. Results indicated that among rice cultivars KRH 2 gave significantly better agronomic performance with respect to growth parameters and yield. Iron nutrition treatments significantly affected the plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation and yield of aerobic rice. Basal application of iron chelate @ 25 kg ha-1 with 3 foliar sprays of iron sulphate at 7 days interval produced tallest plants, maximum number of tillers, accumulated highest dry matter and produced maximum yield during both the years.
Diversity and Genetic Association Analysis of Dry Chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) of Northern India for Yield and Biochemical Traits
Authors: Verma Garima , Vikram Amit , Gupta Meenu 
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP), India during the year 2018 (May–October) to screen twenty-one (21) genotypes of chilli for thirteen characters including yield and total capsaicin content. The evaluation was done in a randomized block design with three replications. Sufficient genetic variability was found for all characters. Correlation analysis revealed a positive significant correlation of fresh ripe yield plant-1 with the number of red fruits plant-1 (0.842*), days to fresh ripe maturity (0.394*), dry yield as percentage of fresh ripe (0.386*), days to 50 % flowering (0.384*), plant height (0.374*) and days to green fruit maturity (0.352*). The number of red fruits plant-1 (0.440*) had a positive significant correlation with total capsaicin content. Path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of number of red fruits plant-1 (0.698) on fresh ripe yield followed by days to green fruit maturity (0.372), number of seeds fruit-1 (0.218), average red fruit weight (0.168), dry yield as percentage of fresh ripe (0.111), plant height (0.111) and red fruit length (0.007) whereas total capsaicin content in dry chilli had the positive direct correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to fresh ripe maturity, number of fruits plant-1 and 1000 seed weight. Finally, it was revealed that the selection of genotypes bearing many small-thick fruits would be the most suitable criterion for selecting a population having high capsaicin content and fruit yield.
Assessment of Extension Interventions for Management of PBW for Enhancing Cotton Production through Frontline Demonstrations among Cotton Growers in Khammam District of Telangana
Authors: Shekar B. Raja Madhu , Kumar J. Hemanth , Ravikumar K. , Chaitanya V. , Reddy R. Uma 
Published: August 2023

Frontline Demonstrations were conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wyra, Khammam district, Telangana, India during kharif (June–December) from 2019, 2020 and 2021 in different villages of Khammam district. Total 30 demonstrations were laid out on farmers’ fields in the district. The main objective was management of PBW with various technological interventions. The study revealed that 70.00% of the respondents had high school or above education, 46.67% of the respondents had more than 10 years of experience in farming, 100.00% gap was observed on use of pheromone traps and Trichogamma cards. The average yield recorded was 2207 kg ha-1 in demonstration plot, a 22.75% increase over farmer’s practice (1808 kg ha-1). The technology gap under 3 year FLD programme was 1043 kg ha-1,extension gapwas 399 kg ha-1 with a technology index of 32.09%. The demonstrated plots gave higher gross returns, net return with higher benefit cost ratio when compared to farmer’s practice. In present study efforts were also made to study the impact of FLDs on horizontal spread which increased by 221.42%, adoption levels by 130.60%. The study also revealed that there was significant increase in knowledge level of the farmers due to frontline demonstrations, a significant and positive relationship existed between age of the respondent, education, farm size, farming experience, trainings received and extension contacts with yield of cotton.
Effect of Different Chemicals and PGR on Flower Induction and Physicochemical Properties of Litchi cv. Bombai Grown in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Das Kaushik , Dutta Pallab 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out at Regional Research Station, New Alluvial Zone, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India to study the effect of different chemicals and plant growth regulators on flowering induction and physico-chemical properties of Litchi cv. Bombai for three consecutive years during September 2014 to July 2017. Nine treatments with 3 replications was chosen and laid out in Randomized Block Design using DMRT for the experiment. All the plants were 12 years of age uniform in growth and healthy spaced at 10 m apart. Results from the experiment revealed that application of different chemicals and PGR significantly improved the flowering and physicochemical properties of litchi. Among the different treatments in study, application of K2HPO4 @ 1%+KNO3 @ 1% in (T6) showed highest flowering characters in terms of flowering shoot (56.17%), sex ratio (3.62), fruits panicle-1 at harvest (26.34) and lowest fruit drop panicle-1 (14.00) followed by T7 (KH2PO4 @ 1%+KNO3 @ 1%). T6 treatment also showed maximum fruit weight (21.78 g), fruit length (3.84 cm), aril weight (15.88 g) and yield (72.34 kg plant-1). TSS (16.80°B), total sugar (13.63%), ascorbic acid (42.55 mg 100 g-1), TSS: acid ratio (57.40) and anthocyanin content (46.14 mg 100 g-1) of fruit was also found highest in T6 (K2HPO4 @ 1%+KNO3 @ 1%) followed by T7 (KH2PO4 @ 1%+KNO3 @ 1%) while the lowest in control. Thus, from the different treatment under study T6 proved to be most effective followed by T7 in improving the flower induction, yield and quality of litchi cv. Bombai.
Predatory Bacteria: A Novel Approach to Antibiotic Substitution
Authors: George Shiney , Sharma R. K. , Hazarika Ritam , Hazarika Snigdha , Hazarika Snigdha , Ahmed Rofique , Phangchopi Donna 
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics are an effective means of treating infectious bacterial diseases. However, the extensive use of antibiotics in the recent past has resulted in antibiotic-resistant bacteria which interfere with disease treatment and recovery. There is an urgent need for novel medicines to treat Gram-negative infections because there are not enough antibiotics in development to address projected and present demands. One novel approach to antibiotic alternatives is the use of living predatory bacteria which can naturally prey upon other Gram-negative bacteria. These predators are ubiquitous in a wide variety of manmade and natural environments and depending upon their feeding habits are classified as obligatory or facultative predators. All the obligate predators are classified under the umbrella terminology Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs). Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is by far the most studied BALOs and have long been recognized as a potential therapeutic, water clean-up, and biocontrol agent and source for discovering novel biotechnological tools for research. Antibiotics won’t be replaced by pills containing predatory microorganisms any time soon. However, understanding these bacteria could help us prepare for a time when many medications cannot treat infections that are multi-drug resistant. A paradigm change is necessary since it may appear counterintuitive to cure a bacterial infection by giving another bacterium. The burden of an infection on the host must be taken into account while evaluating the prospective implications of treating a Gram-negative bacterial infection with the administration of a live predatory bacterium.
Jasmonic Acid Mediated Management of Necrotrophic Pathogen Alternaria Leaf Spot in Soybean
Authors: Wasule D. L. , Ingle Y. V. , Shingote P. R. , Shinde R. M. 
Published: August 2023

The Field trial was conducted during Kharif season for two consecutive years (July–October 2017 and 2018) at three different locations namely; Amravati, Yavatmal and Katol under Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth., Akola, Maharashtra, India. The nine treatments were designed in randomized block design replicated thrice to determine the potential use of an elicitor for Alternaria leaf spot management compared with standard fungicide. The treatments include two foliar sprays of either abiotic elicitors alone namely Salicylic acid (SA) @ 100 ppm, Benzoic acid @ 100 ppm, Humic acid @ 1%, Jasmonic acid @ 100 ppm, Potassium nitrate (KNO3) @ 1% or biotic elicitors Trichoderma viride @ 1%, Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1% alone or recommended fungicide Propiconazole 0.1% alone at crop flower initiation stage and at 60 days after sowing. Field trials results shows the Propiconazole 0.1% significantly superior in management of disease upto 44.72 % followed by Jasmonic acid @ 100 ppm in controlling the disease upto 40.01 % and was found at par with propiconazole 0.1% in respect to percent disease index, percent disease control and seed yield. Highest percent disease index and least percent disease control and yield recorded in control. Elicitor Jasmonic acids induce protective, therapeutic treatments reduced the severity of disease advocated suppressing necrotrophs pathogen Alternaria alternata, the eco–friendly alternatives to fungicides.
Impact of Weather Parameters on Population Fluctuation of Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood
Authors: Mandal Laltu , Mondal Palash 
Published: August 2023

Chilli var. Tejaswini was grown in three quadrates (5.0×6.0 m2) during pre-kharif season (January-June) of 2018 and 2019 at farmer’s field, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India to study the fluctuation of thrips population during the crop growing seasons under the influence of varying weather parameters. Population fluctuation of the thrips was recorded at weekly intervals starting from one week after transplanting till the last harvest. The insect first appeared on 6-8 leaves stages of the crop during both seasons and the population gradually reached to peak at 14 MSW (10.95 thrips leaf-1) and 13 MSW (9.83 thrips leaf-1) during 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. Correlation of thrips population with both previous and same meteorological standard week data showed different results. Significant negative correlation with relative humidity (r=-0.561*) but positive with sunshine hours (r=0.476*) recorded only during 2018 when correlations were studied with previous week weather data. Studies on multiple regression revealed that combined effect of weather parameters on the population build up of thrips had 26.0% (R2= 0.260) and 55.4% (R2=0.554) during 1st season while it was 40.6% (R2=0.406) and 18.9% (R2=0.189) during the 2nd season. Trend analysis revealed that during 1st season maximum and minimum temperatures around 35.0°C and 20°C found favourable for pest population build-up, while relative humidity (65% or higher), rainfall (6.0 mm), and bright sunshine (8 h) negatively affected the thrips population. A similar trend in insect population build-up was also recorded during the 2nd season.
Variability Studies and Metroglyph Analysis in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) for Grain Yield Characters
Authors: Toppo Anjali Manisha , Lavanya G. Roopa , Marker Shailesh 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted with 20 Foxtail millet genotypes including one check during kharif (July-October 2021) at the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P., India. The objectives were to study the magnitude of variability for different traits among foxtail millet genotypes and to identify diverse parents for morphological and seed quality parameters in foxtail millet. The data were recorded on 12 quantitative traits. ANOVA revealed high GCV and PCV for test weight, flag leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, grain yield plant-1, number of productive tillers plant-1, flag leaf width and peduncle length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (h2 b) (>60%) were recorded for test weight, number of tillers plant-1, flag leaf length, grain yield plant-1, number of productive tillers plant-1, peduncle length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area, plant height and panicle length. Days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, peduncle length and panicle length were positively significant concerning grain yield plant- 1. Metroglyph analysis indicated significant variations among the 20 genotypes for twelve characters. The maximum number of genotypes falls in cluster I (14) followed by cluster II (4), cluster III (1) and cluster IV (1). The genotypes recorded high grain yield plant-1 fell into cluster I. The genotypes that recorded high index scores fell into different clusters that can be crossed to have maximum variability of a good combination of characters. Thus, the use of these genotypes in a further breeding program is suggested.
Effect of Packaging System and Storage Conditions on Quality Retention of Shelled Walnut
Authors: Lal Shiv , Chand Lal , Kumawat K. L. , Sharma O. C. 
Published: August 2023

Present study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at Post-harvest laboratory of ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar to assess the effect of packaging condition and storage period on shelled walnut Kernels for enhancing shelf life and retaining quality of shelled walnut. A total of 6 treatments (Traditional air packaging+light, Traditional air packaging+dark, Vacuum packaging+light, Vacuum packaging+dark, Vacuum packaging+Oxygen absorber+light, Vacuum packaging+Oxygen absorber+dark) were applied on shelled walnut kernels. Various observation on sensory attributes, change in fat content, and changes in a physiological loss in weight, firmness, and colour coordinates (kernel L*, a*, b*) was recorded at 0 days and 4 months, 8 months and 12 months. These sensory attributes and overall acceptability score revealed that the overall acceptability of walnut kernels was recorded as highest in T5 and slightly astringent in T6. The maximum decrease in fat content was also recorded in T1 followed by T2 and the least in T6 as the storage period advances similarly firmness index decreases as the storage interval increases in a similar pattern. The maximum mean increase in physiological loss in weight was observed in T1 followed by T2 and least in T6 as the storage period advances.The findings of this study revealed that at 12 months of the storage period, vacuum packaging+Oxygen absorber+Dark retained maximum shelf life and maintains the post-harvest quality as compared to traditional air packaging+light. Hence, walnut kernels could be stored in T6-Vacuum packaging+Oxygenabsorber+dark storage condition for maintaining the quality of walnut kernels for up to 12 months.