bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between tooth loss and adherence to oral maintenance in a dental clinic: A retrospective study of more than 20 years
Authors: Adachi Naoko , Sugimoto Kumiko , Shinada Kayoko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe relationship between adherence to professional oral maintenance visits and tooth loss is generally accepted in periodontal treatment; however, this relationship has not been clarified in general dental practices. We evaluated the effectiveness of adherence to professional maintenance by a retrospective survey in a private practice.MethodsWe retrospectively extracted data of 395 patients in a general dental practice who had been followed for more than 20 years. For comparisons, two patient groups were created based on oral maintenance rates: a high‐ (≥75%) and a low‐ (<75%) adherence groups. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis for tooth loss was conducted with the same two adherence groups and three adherence groups (<50%, ≥50% and <75% and ≥75%), adjusting with risk factors including sex, age, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), periodontal status, smoking status, and diabetes at the beginning of maintenance.ResultsThe number of teeth lost and increased DMFT over time were significantly lower in the high‐adherence group than in the low‐adherence group. Multiple logistic regression analysis for tooth loss in the two adherence groups yielded an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 6.50 (3.73–11.32) in the low‐adherence group relative to the high‐adherence group. Further analysis with the three adherence groups showed highest risk in the low‐adherence group and a higher risk in the moderate‐adherence group than the high‐adherence group.ConclusionsPatients with high adherence to maintenance schedules for more than 20 years demonstrated significantly less tooth loss. Dental practitioners should promote high adherence to professional maintenance in general dental practices.
Intramacrophage lipid accumulation compromises T cell responses and is associated with impaired drug therapy against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Araújo Marta , Moreira Diana , Mesquita Inês , Ferreira Carolina , Mendes‐Frias Ana , Barros‐Carvalho Sónia , Dinis‐Oliveira Ricardo Jorge , Duarte‐Oliveira Cláudio , Cunha Cristina , Carvalho Agostinho , Saha Bhaskar , Cordeiro‐da‐Silva Anabela , Estaquier Jérôme , Silvestre Ricardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnder perturbing conditions such as infection with Leishmania, a protozoan parasite living within the phagosomes in mammalian macrophages, cellular and organellar structures, and metabolism are dynamically regulated for neutralizing the pressure of parasitism. However, how modulations of the host cell metabolic pathways support Leishmania infection remains unknown. Herein, we report that lipid accumulation heightens the susceptibility of mice to L. donovani infection and promotes resistance to first‐line anti‐leishmanial drugs. Despite being pro‐inflammatory, the in vitro generated uninfected lipid‐laden macrophages (LLMs) or adipose‐tissue macrophages (ATMs) display lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Upon infection, LLMs secrete higher IL‐10 and lower IL‐12p70 cytokines, inhibiting CD4+ T cell activation and Th1 response suggesting a key modulatory role for intramacrophage lipid accumulation in anti‐leishmanial host defence. We, therefore, examined this causal relationship between lipids and immunomodulation using an in vivo high‐fat diet (HFD) mouse model. HFD increased the susceptibility to L. donovani infection accompanied by a defective CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell response. The white adipose tissue of HFD mice displays increased susceptibility to L. donovani infection with the preferential infection of F4/80+CD11b+CD11c+ macrophages with higher levels of neutral lipids reserve. The HFD increased resistance to a first‐line anti‐leishmanial drug associated with a defective adaptive immune response. These data demonstrate that the accumulation of neutral lipids contributes to susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis hindering host‐protective immune response and reducing the efficacy of antiparasitic drug therapies.
Androgen receptor agonist and antagonist reduce response of cytokine‐induced killer cells on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Pungsrinont Thanakorn , Schneider Margret Ann , Baniahmad Aria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite many advances, prostate cancer (PCa) is still the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. So far, the promising field of onco‐immunology has not yet provided a satisfactory treatment option for PCa. Here we show that the ex vivo expansion and activation of cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells isolated from primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells induce immune‐mediated apoptosis in both human PCa LNCaP and C4‐2 cells. Interestingly, pretreating LNCaP and C4‐2 cells with either androgen or the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide mediates resistance to this immunogenic attack. This is associated with a reduction of both total cell loss and apoptosis levels suggesting one possible mechanism blunting onco‐immunological activity. The data also suggest that secreted factors from AR ligand‐treated PCa cell suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Further, we analysed immune‐mediated killing activity using conditioned media from LNCaP and C4‐2 treated cells. The obtained data suggest that the conditioned media from PCa treated cells does not influence a measurable lymphocyte‐mediated apoptosis. However, analysing clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes, the androgen‐derived conditioned media suppresses lymphocyte proliferation/expansion suggesting inhibition of onco‐immunological activity by pretreatment of PCa cells with AR ligands.
Identification of T‐cell exhaustion‐related gene signature for predicting prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Liu Yue‐hui , Jin Hong‐quan , Liu Hai‐ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumour with a poor prognosis in adults. Identifying biomarkers that can aid in the molecular classification and risk stratification of GBM is critical. Here, we conducted a transcriptional profiling analysis of T‐cell immunity in the tumour microenvironment of GBM patients and identified two novel T cell exhaustion (TEX)‐related GBM subtypes (termed TEX‐C1 and TEX‐C2) using the consensus clustering. Our multi‐omics analysis revealed distinct immunological, molecular and clinical characteristics for these two subtypes. Specifically, the TEX‐C1 subtype had higher infiltration levels of immune cells and expressed higher levels of immune checkpoint molecules than the TEX‐C2 subtype. Functional analysis revealed that upregulated genes in the TEX‐C1 subtype were significantly enriched in immune response and signal transduction pathways, and upregulated genes in the TEX‐C2 subtype were predominantly associated with cell fate and nervous system development pathways. Notably, patients with activated T‐cell activity status in the TEX‐C1 subgroup demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis than those with severe T cell exhaustion status in the TEX‐C2 subgroup. Finally, we proposed a machine‐learning‐derived novel gene signature comprising 12 TEX‐related genes (12TexSig) to indicate tumour subtyping. In the TCGA cohort, the 12TexSig demonstrated the ability to accurately predict the prognosis of GBM patients, and this prognostic value was further confirmed in two independent external cohorts. Taken together, our results suggest that the TEX‐derived subtyping and gene signature has the potential to serve as a clinically helpful biomarker for guiding the management of GBM patients, pending further prospective validation.
Geographic distribution of Bemisia tabaci species in Sicily and patterns in facultative endosymbiont community composition
Authors: Milenovic Milan , Massimino Cocuzza Giuseppe Eros , Suma Pompeo , Farina Alessia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBemisia tabaci is a group of cryptic and morphologically indistinguishable species able to cause severe damage to many agricultural and ornamental plants. Among the various species of this complex, the Mediterranean (MED) and Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species stand out as they are highly polyphagous, invasive, easily in acquiring resistance to many insecticides and reproduce quickly. Considering how (1) the geographic distribution of B. tabaci is changing with the ongoing global climate change and (2) no knowledge is presently available on phylogenetics of whitefly endosymbionts in Sicily, a population survey was conducted in the most important horticultural production areas of the island to assess the species composition within the B. tabaci complex, including their endosymbiont community and their geographic distribution. Our results show that the MEAM1 species and two mitochondrial variants of B. tabaci MED are present in pure or mixed populations, the MED Q1 presents the highest level of genetic variability within the MED populations in Sicily, having been found almost across the island and, MED Q2 was nearly exclusively detected in the Ragusa province. MEAM1 individuals were rare and exclusively detected in two localities in the Trapani province. The survey on endosymbionts community revealed the existence of a species specific composition, showing the lowest endosymbiont diversity in MED Q2 populations, typically characterized by only Rickettsia. Moreover, except for Portiera in MEAM1, no sequence variation was found within any endosymbiont sequence. Co‐infection patterns of different endosymbiont species are discussed in the context of their needs for host cell metabolites. The present study defines an updated distribution map of cryptic species and phylogenetic groups of the B. tabaci complex and the first status on the endosymbiont community in Sicily; but it also represents the first report of whitefly endosymbionts sequences not only from Sicily but from Italy as a whole.
A loss‐of‐function mutant allele of a glycosyl hydrolase gene has been co‐opted for seed weight control during soybean domestication
Authors: Wei Siming , Yong Bin , Jiang Hongwei , An Zhenghong , Wang Yan , Li Bingbing , Yang Ce , Zhu Weiwei , Chen Qingshan , He Chaoying 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe resultant DNA from loss‐of‐function mutation can be recruited in biological evolution and development. Here, we present such a rare and potential case of “to gain by loss” as a neomorphic mutation during soybean domestication for increasing seed weight. Using a population derived from a chromosome segment substitution line of Glycine max (SN14) and Glycine soja (ZYD06), a quantitative trait locus (QTL) of 100‐seed weight (qHSW) was mapped on chromosome 11, corresponding to a truncated β‐1, 3‐glucosidase (βGlu) gene. The novel gene hsw results from a 14‐bp deletion, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon in the βGlu. In contrast to HSW, the hsw completely lost βGlu activity and function but acquired a novel function to promote cell expansion, thus increasing seed weight. Overexpressing hsw instead of HSW produced large soybean seeds, and surprisingly, truncating hsw via gene editing further increased the seed size. We further found that the core 21‐aa peptide of hsw and its variants acted as a promoter of seed size. Transcriptomic variation in these transgenic soybean lines substantiated the integration hsw into cell and seed size control. Moreover, the hsw allele underwent selection and expansion during soybean domestication and improvement. Our work cloned a likely domesticated QTL controlling soybean seed weight, revealed a novel genetic variation and mechanism in soybean domestication, and provided new insight into crop domestication and breeding, and plant evolution.
IL‐17A is involved in the hyperplasia of blood vessels in local lesions of psoriasis by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Zhou Ling , Hou Hui , Li Jiao , Zhao Xincheng , Li Jiajie , Li Junqin , Niu Xuping , Hou Ruixia , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveIncreased angiogenesis is a pathological feature of psoriasis, but the pathomechanisms of angiogenesis in psoriasis are not clear. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is the major effect factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our results showed that IL‐17A can promote angiogenesis and cause endothelial cell inflammation. Autophagy plays an important role not only in regulating inflammation, but also in regulating angiogenesis. Whether angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IL‐17A to simulate increased angiogenesis to study whether increased angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy.Methods and ResultsOur results showed that treatment of HUVECs with IL‐17A significantly increased angiogenesis and expression levels of mRNA for multiple proinflammatory cytokines (CCL20, IL‐8, CCL2, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) and, while decreasing intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) activity. Moreover, IL‐17A inhibited autophagy as shown that IL‐17A significantly increased expression levels of LC3II and p62 proteins. Induction of autophagy ameliorated IL‐17A‐mediated inflammatory response and inhibited angiogenesis, accompanied by increased p‐AMPKα(Thr172) and p‐ULK1(Ser555) expression, and decreased p‐mTOR(Ser2448) and p‐ULK1(Ser757) expression. Furthermore, inhibition of either AMPK or lysosomal acidification completely overrode autophagy‐induced changes in angiogenesis and NOS activity. Finally, induction of autophagy decreased apoptosis and caspase‐3 activity in IL‐17A‐treated HUVECs.ConclusionsThese results showed that IL‐17A is involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory response by inhibiting autophagy through AMPK signaling pathway, suggesting that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for psoriasis.
Clinical evaluation of zirconia crowns cemented with two different resin cements: A retrospective study
Authors: Aziz Ahmed M. , El‐Mowafy Omar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐adhesive resin cement has been used extensively with zirconia crowns. Several in vitro studies showed that adhesive resin cementation may increase zirconia crowns' retention and their fatigue resistance.ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance, survival and success rates and complications encountered with zirconia crowns cemented with two different self‐adhesive resin cements.MethodsA total of 112 patients who received 176 monolithic zirconia crowns were evaluated. Crowns were cemented with RelyX Unicem 2 (n = 74) and Panavia SA (n = 102) self‐adhesive resin cements. Clinical assessments of the crowns and supporting periodontal structures were performed following the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Intraoral photographs and periapical and bitewing radiographs were obtained for further assessment by two evaluators. Descriptive statistics, McNemar, t‐test, log rank (Mantel‐Cox) tests and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed (a = .05).ResultsThe 5‐year survival and success rates were 100% and 96.4%, respectively. The complications encountered were recurrent caries (2.2%) and the need for endodontic treatment (0.5%). No technical complications, such as fracture or loss of retention, were observed. The type of cement and patient‐related factors did not influence the survival and success rates of the crowns.ConclusionsSurvival rate of zirconia crowns cemented with two different self‐adhesive resin cements was 100% after 5 years.
Prevention of aflatoxin B1 toxicity by pomegranate peel extract and its effects on growth, blood biochemical changes, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations
Authors: Imbabi Tharwat A. , El‐Sayed Abdelkarim I. M. , Radwan Ahmed A. , Osman Ali , Abdel‐Samad Asmaa M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins is one of the most serious issues in the world of animal nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) versus oxytetracycline (OXY) in reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rabbits fed contaminated diets. This experiment was done on 48 weaned NZW, four groups (n = 12). The first (AF) served as the control group feed on an infected diet by AFB1 between 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg BW; second (AF + OXY) received an infected diet by AFB1 and was treated with OXY 200 mg/kg BW/day; third (AF + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with PPE 130 mg/kg BW/day; fourth (AF + OXY + PPE) received an infected diet by AFB1 and treated with a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day of OXY + PPE (65 mg/kg BW/day), the experiment lasted for 8 weeks experiment. The treated group with PPE and its combination with OXY concurrent with AF showed amelioration markedly for liver and kidney function. To summarise, adding PPE and combining it with OXY at a half dose to an AFB1‐contaminated diet can help minimise the harmful effects of AFB1 on rabbit performance.
‘Booktuber: promoting reading and literacy in the classroom among Spanish pre‐service teachers through a video review’
Authors: Pardo Betlem Soler 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDevelopments in technology have led to a rethinking of teaching delivery: instructors have found in digital devices an important way to attract students' attention. One of the many applications this technology could potentially have would be to encourage young learners to read through new multimedia products such as Web 2.0. In this article, I provide an account of teaching carried out at the University of Valencia, in the ‘Foreign Language I (English)’ module of the Primary Education degree. The activity was based on the characteristics of Booktubers with the goal of, first, promoting reading and reflection on literature and, second, to improve linguistic, communicative, literary and digital competences in EFL through the elaboration of a video review in the classroom. Thus, I have focused on the formal style from a didactic viewpoint, yet undergraduates had to read literature and write a digital review as part of the tasks to be assessed in the subject. For this purpose, the Youtube platform will be shown to be seen as an emerging source of exploration, which could be exploited as a successful didactic tool. Finally, I also set out to show the challenges both students and teacher had to face throughout the process of using the Booktuber tool.
Global genomic signature reveals the evolution of fall armyworm in the Eastern hemisphere
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zaiyuan , Peng Yan , Liang Xinyue , Wilson Kenneth , Chipabika Gilson , Karangwa Patrick , Uzayisenga Bellancile , Mensah Benjamin A. , Kachigamba Donald L. , Xiao Yutao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe major plant pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is native to the Americas and has colonized Africa and Asia within the Eastern hemisphere since 2016, causing severe damage to multiple agricultural crop species. However, the genetic origin of these invasive populations requires more in‐depth exploration. We analysed genetic variation across the genomes of 280 FAW individuals from both the Eastern hemisphere and the Americas. The global range‐wide genetic structure of FAW shows that the FAW in America has experienced deep differentiation, largely consistent with the Z‐chromosomal Tpi haplotypes commonly used to differentiate ‘corn‐strain’ and ‘rice‐strain’ populations. The invasive populations from Africa and Asia are different from the American ones and have a relatively homogeneous population structure, consistent with the common origin and recent spreading from Africa to Asia. Our analyses suggest that north‐ and central American ‘corn‐strain’ FAW are the most likely sources of the invasion into the Eastern hemisphere. Furthermore, evidence based on genomic, transcriptomic and mitochondrial haplotype network analyses indicates an earlier, independent introduction of FAW into Africa, with subsequent migration into the recent invasive population.
Benralizumab and mepolizumab treatment outcomes in two severe asthma clinics
Authors: Langton David , Politis John , Collyer Taya , Khung Su‐Wei , Bardin Philip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study compared the clinical outcomes of severe asthmatics treated with mepolizumab and benralizumab in a tertiary care severe asthma service setting.MethodsPatient data at baseline, six and 12 months were collected prospectively at two large tertiary hospital severe asthma clinics following treatment initiation. Two hundred and four patients received treatment with mepolizumab (117) or benralizumab (87). Baseline characteristics between groups were similar in regard to age, gender, body mass index, steroid dose and blood eosinophil count. However, the mepolizumab cohort had a higher Asthma Control Questionnaire Score (ACQ) at baseline (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.018), accompanied by more frequent reliever medication usage and lower prebronchodilator FEV1% (56.0 ± 20.1 vs. 63.8 ± 18.9, p = 0.008).ResultsAfter 6 months treatment, both treatments induced significant improvements in (i) ACQ of 2.3 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001), (ii) oral steroid requiring exacerbations (incident rate ratio 0.26 (0.18–0.37), p < 0.001) and (iii) FEV1. However, the improvement in FEV1 was 0.18 (0.05–0.30) litres greater with benralizumab than with mepolizumab (p = 0.002) even when adjusting statistically for baseline differences between groups. These differences were even more pronounced at 12 months post‐treatment initiation, when the improvement in exacerbation frequency with benralizumab was 64% greater than with mepolizumab (p = 0.01). Whilst both treatments significantly reduced the blood eosinophil count at 6 and 12 months, this reduction was substantially greater with benralizumab than mepolizumab (−260 cells/μL [−400 to −110, p = 0.001]).ConclusionIn this large group of severe eosinophilic asthmatics, mepolizumab and benralizumab both improved disease parameters. However, benralizumab treatment appeared significantly more effective than mepolizumab in reducing exacerbations, improving FEV1 and depleting blood eosinophils.
Social anxiety and interpersonal risk for suicidal ideation: A longitudinal daily diary analysis
Authors: Brown Bradley A. , Rottenberg Jonathan , Goodman Fallon R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSocial anxiety is associated with elevated suicidal ideation (SI). One potential explanation is that socially anxious persons experience frequent interpersonal stressors that elicit SI. Longitudinal designs with temporal ordering are needed to adequately test this hypothesis. Therefore, this study leveraged a longitudinal design combining trait and daily reports.MethodsTwo hundred eleven community adult participants with elevated levels of depression and/or social anxiety completed social anxiety and SI measures at baseline and again at a 1.5‐month follow‐up. Between these assessments, participants completed a 14‐day diary study that assessed three forms of interpersonal distress: unfavorable social comparisons, perceived barriers to seeking social support, and loneliness.ResultsAs predicted, simple mediation models revealed that baseline social anxiety had a significant indirect effect on SI severity at 1.5 months postbaseline via unfavorable social comparisons (indirect effect: β = 0.07, p < 0.05) and barriers to seeking support (indirect effect: β = 0.08, p < 0.05); however, social anxiety did not have a significant indirect effect on SI severity through loneliness.ConclusionStudy results are consistent with the proposition that increases in interpersonal distress may explain socially anxious persons' vulnerability to SI. Implications of these findings for the research, assessment, and treatment of suicidality in social anxiety are discussed.