bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rooted minors and locally spanning subgraphs
Authors: Böhme Thomas , Harant Jochen , Kriesell Matthias , Mohr Samuel , Schmidt Jens M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResults on the existence of various types of spanning subgraphs of graphs are milestones in structural graph theory and have been diversified in several directions. In the present paper, we consider “local” versions of such statements. In 1966, for instance, D. W. Barnette proved that a 3‐connected planar graph contains a spanning tree of maximum degree at most 3. A local translation of this statement is that if is a planar graph, is a subset of specified vertices of such that cannot be separated in by removing two or fewer vertices of , then has a tree of maximum degree at most 3 containing all vertices of . Our results constitute a general machinery for strengthening statements about ‐connected graphs (for ) to locally spanning versions, that is, subgraphs containing a set of a (not necessarily planar) graph in which only has high connectedness. Given a graph and , we say is a minor of rooted at , if is a minor of such that each bag of contains at most one vertex of and is a subset of the union of all bags. We show that has a highly connected minor rooted at if cannot be separated in by removing a few vertices of . Combining these investigations and the theory of Tutte paths in the planar case yields locally spanning versions of six well‐known results about degree‐bounded trees, Hamiltonian paths and cycles, and 2‐connected subgraphs of graphs.
Impaired systemic nucleocapsid antigen clearance in severe COVID‐19
Authors: Bauer Christian , Mack Elisabeth , Hefter Véronique , Fischer Alexandra , Volland Kirsten , Skevaki Chrysanthi , Neubauer Andreas , Gress Thomas , Becker Stephan , Keller Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe circulating nucleocapsid (NCP) antigen of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is detectable in coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) patients. To better understand the biology of disease severity, we investigated NCP clearance kinetics in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Serum NCP was quantified using a commercial NCP‐specific enzyme‐linked immunoassay in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients (n = 63) during their hospital stay. Results were correlated to COVID‐19 disease severity, inflammation parameters, antibody response, and results of SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. We demonstrate that NCP antigen levels in serum remained elevated in 21/45 (46.7%) samples from patients in intensive care units (ICU) after >8 days postdiagnosis. The proportion of ICU patients with detectable antigenemia declined only gradually from 84.6% to 25.0% over several weeks. This was in contrast to complete NCP clearance in all non‐ICU patients after 8 days, and also in contrast to mucosal clearance of the virus as measured by PCR. Antigen clearance was associated with higher IgG against S1 but not NCP. Clearance of NCP antigenemia is delayed in >40% of severely ill COVID‐19 patients. Thus, NCP antigenemia detected after 8 days post COVID‐19 diagnosis is a characteristic of patients requiring intensive care. Prospective trials should further investigate NCP antigen clearance kinetics as a mechanistic biomarker.
Partial substitution of wheat flour with soybean and gluten powder: impact on flavor characteristics of Pixian Douban‐Meju and its quality
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Ling , Zhao Jianhua , Dong Shirong , Liu Gefei , Wang Yin , Xu Zedong , Lin Hongbin , Lu Jing , Liu Ping , Xu Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, different proportions of soybean flour and gluten flour were used as partial replacements for wheat flour for the fermentation of Pixian Douban‐Meju (PXDB). The aim was to study the effects of soybean flour/gluten flour on the quality improvement of PXDB.RESULTSIn comparison with the control group (CT) (0% substitution of wheat flour), substitution of wheat flower with 12.5% soybean flour (the H2 group), 7.5% gluten flour (G2), and 10% gluten flour (G3) improved the amino acid nitrogen content by 3.8%, 5.6%, and 9.4% respectively. The mixtures of wheat flour and gluten flour (G2 or G3) increased the organic acid and free amino acid content. The results of two‐dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS) showed that the amount of key aroma substances increased about sixfold in comparison with the CT group (194.61 g.kg−1), achieving 1283.67, 1113.883, and 1160.19 g.kg−1 in the H2, G2, and G3 groups, respectively. There were also more aldehydes and pyrazines in all the substitution groups. Quantitative descriptive analysis indicated that the G3 sample presented the best organoleptic quality with a reddish‐brown color and a more mellow aroma than the control sample.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the fermentation of G3 resulted in higher quality PXDB‐meju, showing that partial substitution of wheat flour with gluten improved the quality of PXDB. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Frequency agility of dielectric resonator using top‐loaded rotatable anisotropic metasurface
Authors: Ke Yan‐Hui , Zhang Jie‐Er , Zhang Qinfang , Yang Wen‐Wen , Shi Xu , Chen Jian‐Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDielectric resonators (DRs) are widely investigated and applied due to the high Q‐factor feature. Their frequency agility is desperately needed in modern communication systems. In this letter, we propose a novel tuning method for DRs using top‐loaded rotatable anisotropic metasurface, instead of the traditional mechanical tuning structures or electrical switches. The effective permittivity of the anisotropic metasurface varies with the E‐field direction of the incident wave. We can tune the resonate frequency by rotating the metasurface placed on the top of the DR. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, a tunable DR with the anisotropic metasurface printed on a thin substrate is designed, fabricated, and measured. With a compact profile, the prototype provides a wide tuning range of 8.4% from 4.80 to 5.22 GHz and a Q‐factor higher than 1098. The good tuning performance makes the proposed method highly potential for tunable filters and frequency‐reconfigurable antennas.
Metachronous bilateral immunoglobulin G4‐related pleuritis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tanabe Keitaro , Homma Takahiro , Matsui Shoko , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Saji Hisashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a newly recognized disease, and therefore its clinical features are not yet fully understood. Here, we describe a surgical case of metachronous bilateral IgG4‐related pleuritis and postoperative chylothorax. This case could provide key insights into the pathology of IgG4‐RD from a surgical perspective. We present a 70‐year‐old woman who had a right pleural mass. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic pleural mass resection was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with right‐sided IgG4‐related pleuritis. Two years later, she was also diagnosed with left‐sided IgG4‐related pleuritis. We suspected the presence of IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration. Additionally, she experienced a complicated postoperative chylothorax on the left side. It is important to consider the altered course of lymphatic vessels when extensively removing the pleura near the right thoracic duct. The occurrence of metachronous bilateral IgG4‐associated pleuritis has not been previously reported, making this case particularly significant for understanding the pathology of IgG4‐RD from a surgical standpoint.
UV irradiance effects on komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) vitamin D3, egg production, and behavior: A case study
Authors: Wood Michelle N. , Soltis Joseph , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Probst Tom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModifications to UV irradiance for indoor housed herpetofauna can affect behavior and physiology. Low ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance can result in vitamin D3 deficiency resulting in calcium metabolism disorders including metabolic bone disease and immune suppression. High UVB can result in skin and eye issues, which can be severe enough to cause shock and death. Using tools available for the assessment of UV light, including Ferguson zones and the UV working tool designed by the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquaria, we redesigned lighting in our indoor komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) habitat to better suit the UV requirements of this species, while studying changes in behavior and physiology. We measured serum vitamin 25‐hydroxy D3 values in one male and one female komodo dragon before and after they were housed in indoor and outdoor habitats. We also measured behavior changes in our male komodo as he moved from an outdoor habitat, to an indoor habitat with changing UV irradiance. Our female komodo showed a 98% increase in vitamin D3 values after being moved outdoors, and laid her first clutch of eggs. Our male dragon's vitamin D3 remained consistent 200 days after moving inside. He did show increased activity when higher UV irradiance was available. Importantly, we found the UV lamps we used stopped producing desired UV irradiance within 3.5 months of regular use. We suggest all animal care facilities develop UV monitoring programs to research output and longevity of UVB lamps used in indoor herpetofauna habitats.
Privacy Research on the Pulse of Time: COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps
Authors: Gerlitz Eva , Häring Maximilian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2020, COVID-19 hit the World, and with it came the desire for a well-functioning and fast-working possibility to trace contacts of those people who tested positive for the virus, a method called contact tracing. Depending on how automated tracing is implemented, it is necessary to capture and store sensitive information about the user, such as where the user has been, who they were in contact with, and their health status. All of this entails the potential of mission creep and surveillance. In this chapter, we give a brief outline of the tracing technologies and their implications for the users’ data and, therefore, privacy. We look at scientific studies with end users and how their privacy concerns impacted their decision to install a contact tracing app. After reading this chapter, the reader will have an overview of the general privacy discussion and research on contact tracing apps in the context of COVID-19 and hints on where to find further information.
Achieving Usable Security and Privacy Through Human-Centered Design
Authors: Groen Eduard C. , Feth Denis , Polst Svenja , Tolsdorf Jan , Wiefling Stephan , Iacono Luigi Lo , Schmitt Hartmut 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsers should always play a central role in the development of (software) solutions. The human-centered design (HCD) process in the ISO 9241-210 standard proposes a procedure for systematically involving users. However, due to its abstraction level, the HCD process provides little guidance for how it should be implemented in practice. In this chapter, we propose three concrete practical methods that enable the reader to develop usable security and privacy (USP) solutions using the HCD process. This chapter equips the reader with the procedural knowledge and recommendations to: (1) derive mental models with regard to security and privacy, (2) analyze USP needs and privacy-related requirements, and (3) collect user characteristics on privacy and structure them by user group profiles and into privacy personas. Together, these approaches help to design measures for a user-friendly implementation of security and privacy measures based on a firm understanding of the key stakeholders.
Elements of Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Salinas Ruíz Josafhat , Montesinos López Osval Antonio , Hernández Ramírez Gabriela , Crossa Hiriart Jose 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLinear models are commonly used to describe and analyze datasets from different research areas, such as biological, agricultural, social, and so on. A linear model aims to best represent/describe the nature of a dataset. A model is usually made up of factors or a series of factors that can be nominal or discrete variables (sex, year, etc.) or continuous variables (age, height, etc.), which have an effect on the observed data. Linear models are the most commonly used statistical models for estimating and predicting a response based on a set of observations.
Objectives of Inference for Stochastic Models
Authors: Salinas Ruíz Josafhat , Montesinos López Osval Antonio , Hernández Ramírez Gabriela , Crossa Hiriart Jose 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThroughout this book, we have been using the pseudonym GLMMs to denote generalized linear mixed models. The common denominator among all these models is that they all contain a linear model (LM) part, which refers to the fixed effects component of the linear predictor Xβ. In a GLMM, the prefix “G” indicates that the distribution of observations may not be normal, the suffix of the first M means that the linear predictor includes mixed effects and thus contains random effects, which are expressed by the term “Zb.” The fixed linear component of the predictor Xβ is important because the fixed effects describe the treatment design, which, in turn, is determined by the objectives or the initial research questions that the study wishes to answer. Therefore, if the researcher proposes using a reasonable model to analyze an experiment, then he/she must be able to express each objective as a question about a model parameter or as a linear combination of model parameters.
Energy Poverty and Just Transformation in Greece
Authors: Fragkos Panagiotis , Kanellou Eleni , Konstantopoulos George , Nikas Alexandros , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Filipidou Faidra , Fotiou Theofano , Doukas Haris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow-income population groups often face high energy poverty risks. This phenomenon can be exacerbated through the implementation of ambitious environmental policies to achieve the energy transition—said policies, such as the application of additional taxes on energy products, may lead to regressive social and distributional impacts on low-income households thus increasing the risk of energy poverty. This study focusses on Greece and combines a qualitative analysis of the EU and Greek policy context and strategic framework for energy poverty as well as related poverty alleviation measures with a state-of-the-art model-based assessment of the equity and distributional impacts of the net-zero transition in the country. We use the GEM-E3-FIT general equilibrium model, expanded to represent ten income classes differentiated by income sources, saving rates and consumption patterns. The new modelling capabilities of GEM-E3-FIT are applied to quantify the distributional impacts of ambitious emission reduction targets and at the same time explore their effects on energy-related expenditure and energy poverty by income class in Greece. The country’s transition to climate neutrality increases modestly the income inequality across income classes, with low-income households facing the most negative effects. However, using carbon tax revenues as lump-sum transfers to support household income and as reduced social security contributions have the potential to boost employment and scale down income inequality in Greece.
Energy Poverty and Health Pathologies: An Empirical Study on the French Case
Authors: Charlier Dorothée , Legendre Bérangère 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe highlight the causal effect of energy poverty on health in France. After collecting original data from 5000 individuals, we first statistically study the correlations between different pathologies and different aspects of energy poverty. Then, using econometric models, we quantify the causal effect of energy poverty on physical health and mental health scores, and also on the risk of occurrence of certain pathologies. Our data show a significant difference in health status between energy-poor individuals and energy-sufficient individuals. Results confirm that falling into energy poverty significantly degrades health scores. Being in energy poverty reduces the World Health Organization’s (WHO) physical health score by 8.14 points. The negative and significant effect on the mental health indicator is 3.78 points. When individuals are in a situation of energy poverty, their self-assessed health scores are on average 3.37 points lower than individuals who are not energy insecure. In addition, individuals living in dwellings with poor roof insulation, humidity, or mold suffer more frequently from chronic disease or psychological distress. Finally, it appears that reducing energy poverty by 1% would save about EUR 476 million. Regarding mental disorders, this could rise to EUR 10.6 million.
Assessing Ecobonus as Energy Poverty Mitigation Policy: Is Energy Efficiency for All?
Authors: Martini C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe access to energy services could still represent a relevant problem in developed countries: an EU-wide survey concluded that in 2020, 8% of the EU population said that they were unable to keep their home adequately warm.When talking about energy poverty, its definition is a crucial element, also for its linkage with policy strategies. At EU level, a unique definition does not exist and the European Energy Poverty Observatory provides several consensual and expenditure-based direct indicators, as well as indirect ones. In Italy, the National Energy Strategy in 2017 has introduced a Low Income-High Cost measure, which has been employed also in the National Energy and Climate Plan.Several policies to mitigate energy poverty exist in Italy: some have social nature, such as electricity and gas bonuses, and other could provide a structural solution by means of energy efficiency investments, as the Ecobonus incentive scheme. The effectiveness of a well-consolidated energy efficiency policy in mitigating energy poverty is assessed, at the same time investigating its distributional implications. The access to this mechanism is analysed at regional level and for different intervention areas, in order to identify the potential existence of a regressive pattern.
Similarity solutions of a Blasius flow with variable fluid properties and viscous dissipation
Authors: Kromer Christian , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn analytical model of the Blasius flow is studied including temperature-dependent fluid properties and viscous dissipation. The friction coefficient and Nusselt number at the wall are calculated from the resulting dimensionless velocity and temperature fields. The variable properties model is compared to a constant properties model to verify if and under which conditions this simplification is valid. Air, water and oil are analyzed as fluids over a representative operating regime, respectively. For air, the variable properties do not influence the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. For water, the influence of the variable properties is present for both parameters but limited since no large temperature difference can occur in water without a phase change. New correlations for the friction coefficient and Nusselt number were derived for water and oil over a large range of operating conditions. Viscous dissipation does not significantly affect these parameters for air and water because of their relatively low Prandtl numbers. The high Prandtl number of oil in combination with a viscosity that is strongly decreasing with increasing temperature, leads to a more complex behavior. The friction coefficient as well as the Nusselt number are strongly dependent on the fluid properties. Dissipation effects cannot be neglected above an Eckert number of around 0.01. The superposition principle to evaluate wall heat flux in experiments is based on the assumption of constant fluid properties. It can be used without restrictions for air but should be thoroughly checked for all other fluids, especially liquids, using the presented methodology.
The general nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters vary by competitive calibre and sex, weight, and age class
Authors: King Andrew , Kwan Kedric , Jukic Ivan , Zinn Caryn , Helms Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To characterise self-reported nutrition practices and beliefs of powerlifters.

Methods
Actively competing male (n = 240) and female (n = 65) powerlifters completed a cross-sectional online survey of self-reported nutrition practices across the competitive cycle, within specific competitive phases, and hard and easy training days. Data are presented as number (n) and percentage (%) of all powerlifters practicing a given strategy followed by a % of responses reporting various practices or beliefs within this strategy. Differences in categorical sub-groups (sex, age, and weight class; and competitive calibre) were analysed with a chi-square test and denoted where significant (p ≤ 0.05).

Results
Most powerlifters reported following a specific diet long-term (n = 203, 66.6%) of which If It Fits Your Macros (IIFYM)/flexible dieting was most common (n = 159, 78.3%). Over half reported introducing a special diet for a competitive phase (n = 162, 53.1%), of which IIFYM/flexible dieting was most followed for competition preparation (n = 80, 63%) and off-season (n = 48, 71.6%). Compared to normal dietary intake, most reported eating more on harder training days (n = 219, 71.8%) and refraining from eating less on easier training days (n = 186, 61%).

Conclusions
IIFYM/flexible dieting is commonly followed by powerlifters to support performance and body composition goals. Females seemed to report more often restricting energy and dieting for body composition reasons than males. Powerlifters tailor their energy intake on harder training days to the higher training demands but refrain from reducing energy intake on rest/easier training days.
Long-term voice evaluation after arytenoid adduction surgery in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Watanabe Kenichi , Hirano Ai , Kobayashi Yuta , Sato Takeshi , Honkura Yohei , Katori Yukio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Laryngeal framework surgery, including medialization laryngoplasty and arytenoid adduction (AA), is expected to have a lasting or permanent effect in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP); however, there are few reports about the long-term outcomes of AA. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term postoperative effects of AA surgery and examine its stability and reliability.

Methods
This study collected the voice handicap index (VHI) questionnaire from patients with UVFP who underwent AA more than 2 years previously. The VHI values preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively (early postoperative evaluation) were retrospectively calculated, and VHI values more than 2 years after surgery (late postoperative evaluation) were collected by mailing a sheet to the patients and asking to fill and return it. Possible influenced subscales such as age, sex, causes of UVFP, affected side, and surgeons were also analyzed.

Results
A total of 77 patients with UVFP who underwent AA had significantly lower early and late postoperative evaluations than preoperative evaluations. In 38 patients with no missing values, there were no significant differences between early and late postoperative evaluations, measured at a median of approximately 5 years. There were also no significant differences between early and late postoperative evaluations in any of the subscale groups.

Conclusion
Patients with UVFP who underwent AA surgery achieved stable voice improvement in the long term after surgery.