bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of antibiotic use and bacterial co-infection in hospitalized Covid-19 patients
Authors: Zaki Salma Said , Sawaf Gamal El , Ahmed Asmaa AbelHameed , Baess Ayman Ibrahim , Beshey Bassem Nashaat , ELSheredy Amel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that bacterial co-infection in respiratory viruses leads to morbidity and mortality. Patients with decreased immunity are prone to bacterial co-infection. A lack of judicious use of antibiotics leads to the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) that have a long-term negative impact. In this study, we attempted to observe the pattern of antibacterial use and its impact on secondary bacterial infection.

Methods
An observational study was conducted at Alexandria Main University Hospital (AMUH) (Alexandria University) from June 2021- February 2022. Study participants were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with confirmed Covid-19 (by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Computed tomography (CT) scan). The following data was collected (Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data).In this study, the Pattern of antibiotic use as well as the occurrence of secondary bacterial infections were reported.

Results
Among 121 patients included in the present study, all received antibiotics empirically. Upon admission (19.8%) showed urinary tract infection, (11.5%) had bloodstream infection, and (57.7%) had respiratory tract infection. After 10 days secondary bacterial infection occurred in 38 patients (61.2%) with (24.1%) Urinary tract infection (UTI), (12.9%) Bloodstream infection (BSI), and (72.2%) respiratory tract infection. The respiratory sample size was (45) patients due to Infection Control (IC) restrictions on the aerosol-producing procedure.

Conclusion
Upon admission, all patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics while the incidence of bacterial co-infection was low.
Antipsychotic treatment patterns in refugees and their Swedish-born peers with first-episode non-affective psychosis: findings from the REMAIN study
Authors: Spaton Goppers Julia , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Cullen Alexis E. , Jamil de Montgomery Christopher , Tanskanen Antti , Norredam Marie , Taipale Heidi 
Published: April 2023

Background
Previous studies suggest that migrants tend to utilise antipsychotics less often than their native-born peers. However, studies examining antipsychotic use among refugees with psychosis are lacking.

Aims
To compare the prevalence of antipsychotic drug use during the first 5 years of illness among refugees and Swedish-born individuals with a newly diagnosed non-affective psychotic disorder, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with antipsychotic use.

Method
The study population included refugees (n = 1656) and Swedish-born persons (n = 8908) aged 18–35 years during 2007–2018, with incident diagnosis of non-affective psychotic disorder recorded in the Swedish in-patient or specialised out-patient care register. Two-week point prevalence of antipsychotics use was assessed every 6 months in the 5 years following first diagnosis. Factors associated with antipsychotic use (versus non-use) at 1 year after diagnosis were examined with modified Poisson regression.

Results
Refugees were somewhat less likely to use antipsychotics at 1 year after first diagnosis compared with Swedish-born persons (37.1% v. 42.2%, age- and gender-adjusted risk ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.95). However, at the 5-year follow-up, refugees and Swedish-born individuals showed similar patterns of antipsychotic use (41.1% v. 40.4%). Among refugees, higher educational level (>12 years), previous antidepressant use and being diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder at baseline were associated with an increased risk of antipsychotics use, whereas being born in Afghanistan or Iraq (compared with former Yugoslavia) was associated with decreased risk.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that refugees with non-affective psychotic disorders may need targeted interventions to ensure antipsychotic use during the early phase of illness.
Sex-specific Association Between Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Vascular and Metabolic Complications of Obesity
Authors: Cossins Benjamin C , van den Munckhof Inge , Rutten Joost H W , van der Graaf Marinette , Stienstra Rinke , Joosten Leo A B , Netea Mihai G , Li Yang , Riksen Niels P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation predisposes to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in obesity.

Objective
To investigate the association between adipocyte size, AT inflammation, systemic inflammation, and metabolic and atherosclerotic complications of obesity in a sex-specific manner.

Design
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting
University hospital in the Netherlands.

Participants
A total of 302 adult subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2.

Main outcome measures
We obtained subcutaneous abdominal fat biopsies and systematically assessed, in a sex-specific manner, associations of several parameters of AT inflammation (including adipocyte size, macrophage content, crown-like structures, and gene expression) to biomarkers of systemic inflammation, leukocyte number and function, and to the presence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and carotid atherosclerotic plaques, assessed with ultrasound.

Results
Adipocyte size was associated with metabolic syndrome and AT macrophage content with insulin resistance. In contrast, none of the AT parameters was associated with carotid atherosclerosis, although mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-37 was associated with a lower intima-media thickness. We revealed profound sex-specific differences, with an association between BMI and adipocyte size, and between adipocyte size and metabolic syndrome in men only. Also, only men showed an association between adipocyte size, AT expression of leptin and MCP-1, and AT macrophage numbers, and between AT inflammation (crown-like structure number) and several circulating inflammatory proteins, including high specificity C-reactive protein, and IL-6.

Conclusions
Inflammation in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue is more related to the metabolic than the atherosclerotic complications of obesity, and there are profound sex-specific differences in the association between BMI, adipocyte size, AT inflammation, and systemic inflammation, which are much stronger in men than women.
The Incidence and Predictors of Failed Spinal Anesthesia After Intrathecal Injection of Local Anesthetic for Cesarean Delivery: A Single-Center, 9-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Jin Sherry Y. , Munro Allana , Aidemouni Milia , McKeen Dolores M. , Uppal Vishal 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The incidence of failed spinal anesthesia varies widely in the obstetric literature. Although many risk factors have been suggested, their relative predictive value is unknown. The primary objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the incidence of failed spinal anesthesia for cesarean deliveries at a tertiary care obstetric hospital, and its secondary objectives were to identify predictors of failed spinal anesthesia in the obstetrics population and quantify their relative importance in a predictive model for failure.

METHODS:
With local institutional ethics committee approval, a retrospective review of our hospital database identified the incidence of failed spinal anesthesia for 5361 cesarean deliveries between 2010 and 2019. We performed a multivariable analysis to assess the association of predictors with failure and a dominance analysis to assess the importance of each predictor.

RESULTS:
The incidence of failed spinal anesthesia requiring an alternative anesthetic was 2.1%, with conversion to general anesthesia occurring in 0.7% of surgeries. Supplemental analgesia or sedation was provided to an additional 2.0% of women. The most important predictors of a failed spinal anesthetic were previous cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR], 11.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.09–18.20; P < .001), concomitant tubal ligation (OR, 8.23; 95% CI, 3.12–19.20; P < .001), lower body mass index (BMI) (kg·m−2, OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.98; P = .005), and longer surgery duration (minutes, OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; P = .006). Previous cesarean delivery was the most significant risk factor, contributing to 9.6% of the total 17% variance predicted by all predictors examined.

CONCLUSIONS:
Spinal anesthesia failed to provide a pain-free surgery in 4.1% of our cesarean deliveries. Previous cesarean delivery was the most important predictor of spinal failure. Other important predictors included tubal ligation, lower BMI, and longer surgery duration.
Evolution and immunopathology of chikungunya virus informs therapeutic development
Authors: Henderson Sousa Filipa , Ghaisani Komarudin Amalina , Findlay-Greene Fern , Bowolaksono Anom , Sasmono R. Tedjo , Stevens Craig , Barlow Peter G. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTChikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is an emerging global threat identified in more than 60 countries across continents. The risk of CHIKV transmission is rising due to increased global interactions, year-round presence of mosquito vectors, and the ability of CHIKV to produce high host viral loads and undergo mutation. Although CHIKV disease is rarely fatal, it can progress to a chronic stage, during which patients experience severe debilitating arthritis that can last from several weeks to months or years. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs for CHIKV disease, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. This Review provides an overview of CHIKV pathogenesis and explores the available therapeutic options and the most recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies against CHIKV infections.
Paracingulin recruits CAMSAP3 to tight junctions and regulates microtubule and polarized epithelial cell organization
Authors: Flinois Arielle , Méan Isabelle , Mutero-Maeda Annick , Guillemot Laurent , Citi Sandra 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Paracingulin (CGNL1) is recruited to tight junctions (TJs) by ZO-1 and to adherens junctions (AJs) by PLEKHA7. PLEKHA7 has been reported to bind to the microtubule minus-end-binding protein CAMSAP3, to tether microtubules to the AJs. Here, we show that knockout (KO) of CGNL1, but not of PLEKHA7, results in the loss of junctional CAMSAP3 and its redistribution into a cytoplasmic pool both in cultured epithelial cells in vitro and mouse intestinal epithelium in vivo. In agreement, GST pulldown analyses show that CGNL1, but not PLEKHA7, interacts strongly with CAMSAP3, and the interaction is mediated by their respective coiled-coil regions. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy shows that CAMSAP3-capped microtubules are tethered to junctions by the ZO-1-associated pool of CGNL1. The KO of CGNL1 results in disorganized cytoplasmic microtubules and irregular nuclei alignment in mouse intestinal epithelial cells, altered cyst morphogenesis in cultured kidney epithelial cells, and disrupted planar apical microtubules in mammary epithelial cells. Together, these results uncover new functions of CGNL1 in recruiting CAMSAP3 to junctions and regulating microtubule cytoskeleton organization and epithelial cell architecture.
Formação docente antirracista, pluriepistêmica, descolonizadora de saberes, interseccional é possível?
Authors: Peixoto Fabiana De Lima 
Published: April 2023

As reflexões teórico-metodológicas deste ensaio são frutos de pesquisa de pós-doutorado em desenvolvimento, cuja pretensão tem sido tanto compreender as recentes licenciaturas de currículo interdisciplinar, intercultural e pluriepistêmico, decorrentes de políticas públicas inclusivas de expansão e interiorização das universidades públicas, quanto articular um currículo possível para Licenciatura Interdisciplinar em Antirracismo, Diversidade e Ecologia Saberes, em solidariedade com sujeitos e sujeitas de territórios educacionais negros e indígenas. A intenção é que, a partir de contextos reais de licenciaturas existentes, seja possível articular currículo para um curso de formação docente que contemple a diversidade étnico-racial, a pluriepistemicidade e práticas antirracistas no currículo, nos fluxos pedagógicos e na gestão dos processos formativos. Para tanto, os protocolos metodológicos têm implicado abertura e escuta, a partir de metodologias decoloniais e colaborativas, com a/os sujeita/os pertencentes a territórios educacionais negros e indígenas, bem como com sujeita/os pertencentes a cursos de licenciaturas interdisciplinares, interculturais, pluriepistêmicos.
A pesquisa como princípio educativo em aulas de ciências e matemática na educação básica
Authors: Pícoli Gabriela Dos Santos , Ferraro José Luís 
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho buscou compreender as percepções de professores de Ciências e Matemática acerca da pesquisa como princípio educativo em aulas on-line na Educação Básica. Os participantes foram professores/cursistas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu de uma universidade privada, de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O instrumento de coleta adotado foi um questionário com perguntas abertas e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado utilizando Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) – que resultou nas categorias emergentes: I) pesquisa como princípio educativo; II) o papel do professor frente à pesquisa nas aulas on-line; III) implicações da pesquisa na aprendizagem e no desenvolvimento dos estudantes; e IV) desafios enfrentados nas aulas on-line. A partir disto, concluiu-se que os docentes compreendem a pesquisa em sala de aula como estratégia que necessita estar inserida no planejamento, pois acreditam que ela potencializa a prática pedagógica ao promover experiências investigativas que descentram a relação educativa, conferindo mais protagonismo aos estudantes.
Predictors of early initiation of breastfeeding among women in Jordan
Authors: Fendi Areej , Alkhaldi Sireen M , Othman Areej , Al-Hamdan Zaid , Alshyyab Muhammad 
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims Early initiation of breastfeeding is recommended to reinforce breastfeeding practice. This study aimed to investigate factors that influence and predict early initiation of breastfeeding in Jordan. Methods A total of 400 mothers attending maternal and child health centers in Amman were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to assess factors that influence and predict early initiation of breastfeeding. Results The early initiation of breastfeeding prevalence was 22.3%. Predictors of early initiation among the participants were vaginal birth (odds ratio=4.02, P=0.024), birthing in a government hospital (odds ratio=3.29, P=0.004), receiving breastfeeding counselling (odds ratio=2.75, P=0.007) and receiving breast milk as the first feed (odds ratio=13.69, P<0.001). Conclusions Promoting breastfeeding practice in Jordan is necessary. There is an urgent need for national efforts to provide prenatal breastfeeding counselling for pregnant women.
The impact of avian IgY antibodies and probiotics supplementation via drinking water on growth and laying performance of 16-week-old layer pullets
Authors: Medina Neil P.L. , Purnamasari Listya , Olarve Joseph P. , Dela Cruz Joseph F. 
Published: April 2023

Antibiotics raise an issue concerning the development of antibiotic resistance of some pathogenic bacteria. The use of probiotics and Avian IgY in layer pullet farming is a better way of protecting against pathogenic bacteria and increasing production performance. Supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifido bacterium longghum, Bacillus thermophilum) were conducted on 5,724 healthy layer pullets to determine its effect on their growth and laying performance. The supplement was in powder form with a dosage of 100 mg per liter of water for 6 hours. The effect of the supplementation was evaluated by measuring production parameters on growth and laying performance of the layer pullets; there were 3 treatment groups, the control group, Treatment 2 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every week for 9 weeks and Treatment 3 which received 5 days initial supplementation for the first week and then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks. Results showed that the supplementation had significant effects in the age in days when 50% of the total population per treatment laid their first eggs, average number of eggs produced, % Hen day production, % Hen house production, total weight of eggs, and feed conversion efficiency. It also showed that the supplementation is economical and yielded higher profit. On the other hand, the supplementation had no significant effect on the average body weight and mortality count of the layer pullets. The supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics in water soluble powder via drinking water with 5 days initial supplementation of Avian IgY antibodies and probiotics for the first week; then twice every 2 weeks for 9 weeks has the greatest effects to increase the production performance and profitability of layers.Keywords: Avian IgY antibodies, Growth performance, Laying performance, Layer pullets, Probiotics
Estimating the health impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage tax for informing policy decisions about the obesity burden in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Duyen Thuy , Hoang Minh Van , Dao Son , Do Phuong Hong , Nguyen Quang Dinh , Jewell Jo , Amies-Cull Ben , Muthu Maharajan , Hoang Ly-Na , Le Thu Thi , Nguyen An Thi , Tran Bao Quoc , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: April 2023

Background
Taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been adopted in more than 40 countries but remained under discussion in Vietnam. This study aimed to estimate the health impacts of different SSBs tax plans currently under discussion to provide an evidence base to inform decision-making about a SSBs tax policy in Vietnam.

Method & findings
Five tax scenarios were modelled, representing three levels of price increase: 5%, 11% and 19–20%. Scenarios of the highest price increase were assessed across three different tax designs: ad valorem, volume-based specific tax & sugar-based specific tax. We modelled SSBs consumption in each tax scenario; how this reduction in consumption translates to a reduction in total energy intake and how this relationship in turn translates to an average change in body weight and obesity status among adults by applying the calorie-to weight conversion factor. Changes in type 2 diabetes burden were then calculated based on the change in average BMI of the modelled cohort. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was applied on the conversion factor of weight change and diabetes risk reduction for the sensitivity analysis. We found that the taxation that involved a 5% price increase gave relatively small impacts while increasing SSBs’ price up to 20% appeared to impact substantially on overweight and obesity rates (reduction of 12.7% and 12.4% respectively) saving 27 million USD for direct medical cost. The greatest reduction was observed for overweight and obesity class I. The decline in overweight and obesity rates was slightly higher for women than men.

Conclusion
This study supports the SSB tax policy in pursuit of public health benefits, especially where the tax increase involves around a 20% price increase. The health benefit and revenue gains were evident across all three tax designs with the specific tax based on sugar density achieving greatest effects.
Recurrence of post-term pregnancy and associated factors among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in northern Tanzania: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitao Modesta , Mwita Winfrida C. , Antony Cecilia , Adinan Hamidu , Shayo Benjamin , Amour Caroline , Mboya Innocent B. , Mahande Michael Johnson 
Published: April 2023

Background
Post-term pregnancy is a health problem of clinical importance and; tends to recur in subsequent pregnancies. Maternal age, height, and male fetal sex are risk factors associated with Post-term pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the recurrence risk of post-term pregnancy and associated factors among women delivered at KCMC referral hospital.

Methodology
This retrospective cohort study used KCMC zonal referral hospital medical birth registry cohort data for 43472 women delivered between 2000 and 2018. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Log-binomial regression with robust variance estimator determined the factors associated recurrence of post-term pregnancy adjusted for other factors.

Results
A total of 43472 women were analyzed. The proportion of post-term pregnancy was 11.4%, and the recurrence was 14.8%. The recurrence risk of post-term pregnancy was increased when a woman had a history of previous post-term pregnancy (aRR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.44, 2.11). Advanced maternal age, i.e., ≥35years (aRR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.65, 0.99), having secondary and higher education (aRR: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.66, 0.97), and being employed (aRR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.55, 0.84) decreased the recurrence risk of post-term pregnancy. Women with recurrence of post-term pregnancy had a higher risk of delivering newborns weighed ≥4000gm (aRR: 5.05; 95% CI: 2.80, 9.09).

Conclusion
Post-term pregnancy is associated with recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies. A history of previous post-term pregnancy is associated risk factor and these women are at increased risk of delivering newborns weighed ≥4000gm. Clinical counselling of women at risk of post-term pregnancy and timely management is recommended to prevent adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Circulating miR-20b-5p and miR-330-3p are novel biomarkers for progression of atrial fibrillation: Intracardiac/extracardiac plasma sample analysis by small RNA sequencing
Authors: Harada Masahide , Okuzaki Daisuke , Yamauchi Akemi , Ishikawa Shiho , Nomura Yoshihiro , Nishimura Asuka , Motoike Yuji , Koshikawa Masayuki , Hitachi Keisuke , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Amano Kentaro , Maekawa Atsuo , Takagi Yasushi , Watanabe Eiichi , Ozaki Yukio , Izawa Hideo 
Published: April 2023

Background
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) have been considered as biomarkers reflecting the underlying pathophysiology in atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, miRNA expression in the peripheral blood samples might not reflect a cardiac phenomenon since most miRNAs are expressed in numerous organs. This study aimed to identify the cardiac-specific circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for AF.

Methods
Plasma samples were obtained from a luminal coronary sinus catheter (CS, cardiac-specific samples) and femoral venous sheath (FV, peripheral samples) in patients with AF and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (control, CTL) undergoing catheter ablation. The circulating miRNA profiles were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Differently expressed miRNAs between AF and CTL were identified in each sample of the CS and FV; miRNAs exhibiting similar expression patterns in the CS and FV samples were selected as candidates for cardiac-specific biomarkers. The selected miRNAs were related to the outcome of catheter ablation of AF.

Results
Small RNA sequencing detected 849 miRNAs. Among the top 30 most differently expressed miRNAs between AF and CTL, circulating hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-330-3p, and hsa-miR-204-5p had a similar pattern in the CS and FV samples. Another set of peripheral blood samples was obtained from AF patients undergoing catheter ablation (n = 141). The expression of the miR-20b-5p and miR-330-3p, but not the miR-204-5p, negatively correlated with the echocardiographic left-atrial dimension and was decreased in patients with AF recurrence as compared to those without AF recurrence during a 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion
Circulating miR-20b-5p and miR-330-3p can be cardiac-specific biomarkers for atrial remodeling progression and arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation in AF patients.