bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opening the Aperture: Explaining the Complementary Roles of Advice and Testing When Forming Entrepreneurial Strategy
Authors: Miller Amisha , O’Mahony Siobhan , Cohen Susan L. 
Published: March 2023

Forming entrepreneurial strategy is difficult, as the future value of strategy alternatives is uncertain. To create and capture value, firms are advised to consider and test multiple alternative strategy elements. Yet, how firms generate and test alternatives remains understudied. As entrepreneurial firms lack resources for broad search, they often draw upon advisory resources from outside the firm. However, advice can be difficult to extract, absorb, and apply. Although scholars have examined static attributes of the entrepreneur or advisor to explain whether advice is used, a dynamic explanation of how advice is produced and informs strategy testing and formation is missing. In an 11-month field study, we observed 25 founders of 12 food and agriculture firms interacting with a common pool of 34 advisors in an entrepreneurship training program. Leveraging the program’s structured design, we observed 165 advice interactions over three phases. No firm took advice and applied it directly to firm strategy. When entrepreneurs engaged literally with advice, they later discounted it—distancing advice from strategy. In contrast, entrepreneurs that coproduced advice challenged advisors to craft novel advice relevant to their strategy, translated it to make it actionable, and tested it—integrating advice into strategy. Firms that distanced advice from strategy did not test strategy alternatives, whereas firms that integrated advice into strategy tested multiple alternatives, explored broader markets, and adapted their strategies. We contribute a grounded process model that explains how coproducing advice opens firms’ apertures to consider strategy alternatives, whereas testing informs the strategy elements chosen. Funding: This research was funded in part by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation grant to Susan Cohen. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1656 .
Evaluating the psychosocial status of BC children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A MyHEARTSMAP cross-sectional study
Authors: Woodward Melissa L. , Hossain Abrar , Chun Alaina , Liu Cindy , Kilyk Kaitlyn , Bone Jeffrey N. , Meckler Garth , Black Tyler , Stewart S. Evelyn , Samji Hasina , Barbic Skye , Doan Quynh 
Published: March 2023

Background
Understanding the psychosocial status of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic is vital to the appropriate and adequate allocation of social supports and mental health resources. This study evaluates the burden of mental health concerns and the impact of demographic factors while tracking mental health service recommendations to inform community service needs.

Methods
MyHEARTSMAP is a digital self-assessment mental health evaluation completed by children and their guardian throughout British Columbia between August 2020 to July 2021. Severity of mental health concerns was evaluated across psychiatric, social, functioning, and youth health domains. Proportional odds modelling evaluated the impact of demographic factors on severity. Recommendations for support services were provided based on the evaluation.

Results
We recruited 541 families who completed 424 psychosocial assessments on individual children. Some degree of difficulty across the psychiatric, social, or functional domains was reported for more than half of children and adolescents. Older youth and those not attending any formal school or education program were more likely to report greater psychiatric difficulty. Girls experienced greater social concerns, and children attending full-time school at-home were more likely to identify difficulty within the youth health domain but were not more likely to have psychiatric difficulties. Considerations to access community mental health service were triggered in the majority (74%) of cases.

Conclusions
Psychosocial concerns are highly prevalent amongst children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on identified needs of this cohort, additional community health supports are required, particularly for higher risk groups.
Targeting earlier diagnosis: What symptoms come first in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy?
Authors: Munro Colin F. , Yurac Ratko , Moritz Zipser Carl , Fehlings Michael G. , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Milligan James , Margetis Konstantinos , Kotter Mark R. N. , Davies Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common and disabling condition. Early effective treatment is limited by late diagnosis. Conventional descriptions of DCM focus on motor and sensory limb disability, however, recent work suggests the true impact is much broader. This study aimed to characterise the symptomatic presentation of DCM from the perspective of people with DCM and determine whether any of the reported symptoms, or groups of symptoms, were associated with early diagnosis.

Methods
An internet survey was developed, using an established list of patient-reported effects. Participants (N = 171) were recruited from an online community of people with DCM. Respondents selected their current symptoms and primary presenting symptom. The relationship of symptoms and their relationship to time to diagnosis were explored. This included symptoms not commonly measured today, termed ‘non-conventional’ symptoms.

Results
All listed symptoms were experienced by >10% of respondents, with poor balance being the most commonly reported (84.2%). Non-conventional symptoms accounted for 39.7% of symptomatic burden. 55.4% of the symptoms were reported as an initial symptom, with neck pain the most common (13.5%). Non-conventional symptoms accounted for 11.1% of initial symptoms. 79.5% of the respondents were diagnosed late (>6 months). Heavy legs was the only initial symptom associated with early diagnosis.

Conclusions
A comprehensive description of the self-reported effects of DCM has been established, including the prevalence of symptoms at disease presentation. The experience of DCM is broader than suggested by conventional descriptions and further exploration of non-conventional symptoms may support earlier diagnosis.
Differences in clinical features and morphology between differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Kodama Masaaki , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Hirashita Yuka , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Wada Yasuhiro , Fukuda Masahide , Ozaka Sotaro , Kudo Yoko , Ito Kanako , Ogawa Ryo , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Fukuda Kensuke , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims
Although undifferentiated gastric cancer (UGC) diagnosed after Helicobacter pylori eradication (HPE) carries a poor prognosis, characteristics of post-HPE UGC have not been evaluated in detail because of its low incidence. Therefore, we compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of UGC and differentiated gastric cancers (DGC) diagnosed after successful HPE.

Methods
GC lesions from patients who had successfully completed HPE and who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between January 2004 and March 2016 were analyzed. Tumors were divided into DGC and UGC groups. Clinicopathologic factors of background and tumor characteristics were compared using univariate and multiple logistic analyses.

Results
A total of 129 tumors from 115 patients were evaluated; 113 tumors were in the DGC group and 16 in the UGC group. Depressed-type tumors (P = 0.024) and sub-submucosal invasion (P<0.001) were significantly higher in the UGC group. The UGC group had larger tumor diameters (25.9±7.3 mm) than the DGC group (13.2±10.2 mm) (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.24, 95%CI:1.02–10.37; P = 0.047) and absent follow-up (OR 4.99, 95%CI:1.60–15.57; P = 0.006) were significant independent risk factors for UGC. The DGC group showed a gradually decreasing temporal trend by trend test (P = 0.015), while the UGC group showed a relatively constant incidence over time, although the number of cases was small.

Conclusion
UGC was diagnosed even after long time spans following HPE, although the number of cases was small. Female sex, and especially absent follow-up, were risks for post-HPE UGC, suggesting that diligent long-term follow-up after HPE is essential.
Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases between May 2021 and January 2022 in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Simmons Alison E. , Amoako Afia , Grima Alicia A. , Murison Kiera R. , Buchan Sarah A. , Fisman David N. , Tuite Ashleigh R. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to reduce risk of infection as well as severe disease among those with breakthrough infection in adults. The latter effect is particularly important as immune evasion by Omicron variants appears to have made vaccines less effective at preventing infection. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the protection conferred by mRNA vaccination against hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 in adolescent and pediatric populations.

Methods
We retrospectively created a cohort of reported SARS-CoV-2 case records from Ontario’s Public Health Case and Contact Management Solution among those aged 4 to 17 linked to vaccination records from the COVaxON database on January 19, 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between vaccination and hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases prior to and during the emergence of Omicron.

Results
We included 62 hospitalized and 27,674 non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases, with disease onset from May 28, 2021 to December 4, 2021 (Pre-Omicron) and from December 23, 2021 to January 9, 2022 (Omicron). Among adolescents, two mRNA vaccine doses were associated with an 85% (aOR = 0.15; 95% CI: [0.04, 0.53]; p<0.01) lower likelihood of hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases caused by Omicron. Among children, one mRNA vaccine dose was associated with a 79% (aOR = 0.21; 95% CI: [0.03, 0.77]; p<0.05) lower likelihood of hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases caused by Omicron. The calculation of E-values, which quantifies how strong an unmeasured confounder would need to be to nullify our findings, suggest that these effects are unlikely to be explained by unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions
Despite immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination continues to be associated with a lower likelihood of hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 cases, even when the vaccines do not prevent infection. Continued efforts are needed to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent and pediatric populations.
Endoscopic biliary ethanol ablation using a novel multi-hole balloon catheter: In vivo feasibility study in a swine model
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Kutsumi Hiromu , Ibusuki Mayu , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMinimally invasive local treatment could be a good option for the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel local treatment method, endoscopic biliary ethanol ablation (EA), in vivo using a swine model.MethodsThis study utilized a prototype of the newly developed multi-hole balloon catheter. The swine bile duct was ablated using this balloon via the same approach as the conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedure. The study outcomes included technical success, clinical success, and adverse events associated with endoscopic biliary EA.ResultsFourteen miniature pigs underwent endoscopic biliary EA. Technical success was achieved for all endoscopic EA procedures without any hindrance. All pigs were reared and followed up for a median 35-day period after the procedure. No change was observed in the bile duct wall in one case, in which sufficient contact was not achieved between the balloon and bile duct wall. Except for this case, stricture formation occurred at the site of ablation, where the epithelium was sloughed and necrosis with denaturation replaced the granulation tissue and fibrotic changes. The median length and depth of the ablation area were 17.05 and 2.21 mm, respectively. No adverse events were observed, except for the formation of bile duct strictures and sequelae associated with strictures.ConclusionsThis preliminary study was the first to report endoscopic biliary EA using a novel multi-hole balloon catheter, which demonstrated technical feasibility and potential for the treatment for eCCA.
Assessing document section heterogeneity across multiple electronic health record systems for computational phenotyping: A case study of heart-failure phenotyping algorithm
Authors: Moon Sungrim , Liu Sijia , Kshatriya Bhavani Singh Agnikula , Fu Sunyang , Moser Ethan D. , Bielinski Suzette J. , Fan Jungwei , Liu Hongfang 
Published: March 2023

Background
The incorporation of information from clinical narratives is critical for computational phenotyping. The accurate interpretation of clinical terms highly depends on their associated context, especially the corresponding clinical section information. However, the heterogeneity across different Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems poses challenges in utilizing the section information.

Objectives
Leveraging the eMERGE heart failure (HF) phenotyping algorithm, we assessed the heterogeneity quantitatively through the performance comparison of machine learning (ML) classifiers which map clinical sections containing HF-relevant terms across different EHR systems to standard sections in Health Level 7 (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA).

Methods
We experimented with both random forest models with sentence-embedding features and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers models. We trained MLs using an automated labeled corpus from an EHR system that adopted HL7 CDA standard. We assessed the performance using a blind test set (n = 300) from the same EHR system and a gold standard (n = 900) manually annotated from three other EHR systems.

Results
The F-measure of those ML models varied widely (0.00–0.91%), indicating MLs with one tuning parameter set were insufficient to capture sections across different EHR systems. The error analysis indicates that the section does not always comply with the corresponding standardized sections, leading to low performance.

Conclusions
We presented the potential use of ML techniques to map the sections containing HF-relevant terms in multiple EHR systems to standard sections. However, the findings suggested that the quality and heterogeneity of section structure across different EHRs affect applications due to the poor adoption of documentation standards.
Face-Selective Patches in Marmosets Are Involved in Dynamic and Static Facial Expression Processing
Authors: Dureux Audrey , Zanini Alessandro , Everling Stefan 
Published: March 2023

The correct identification of facial expressions is critical for understanding the intention of others during social communication in the daily life of all primates. Here we used ultra-high-field fMRI at 9.4 T to investigate the neural network activated by facial expressions in awake New World common marmosets from both male and female sex, and to determine the effect of facial motions on this network. We further explored how the face-patch network is involved in the processing of facial expressions. Our results show that dynamic and static facial expressions activate face patches in temporal and frontal areas (O, PV, PD, MD, AD, and PL) as well as in the amygdala, with stronger responses for negative faces, also associated with an increase of the respiration rates of the monkey. Processing of dynamic facial expressions involves an extended network recruiting additional regions not known to be part of the face-processing network, suggesting that face motions may facilitate the recognition of facial expressions. We report for the first time in New World marmosets that the perception and identification of changeable facial expressions, vital for social communication, recruit face-selective brain patches also involved in face detection processing and are associated with an increase of arousal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent research in humans and nonhuman primates has highlighted the importance to correctly recognize and process facial expressions to understand others' emotions in social interactions. The current study focuses on the fMRI responses of emotional facial expressions in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate species sharing several similarities of social behavior with humans. Our results reveal that temporal and frontal face patches are involved in both basic face detection and facial expression processing. The specific recruitment of these patches for negative faces associated with an increase of the arousal level show that marmosets process facial expressions of their congener, vital for social communication.
Temporal trends in equine sperm progressive motility: a systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Harris I T , Maddock C , Farnworth M , Nankervis K , Perrett J , Pyatt A Z , Blanchard R N 
Published: March 2023

In brief
Adverse trends in reproductive function are a concern in humans, companion, livestock, and wildlife species. This study indicates that equine populations are at risk of a comparable decline in sperm progressive motility.

Abstract
There is increasing evidence reporting geographically sensitive adverse trends in human semen quality, with parallel trends observed in the dog sentinel. Despite significant economic and welfare complications associated with poor testicular function, trends in current equine populations are undetermined. Given the predictive value of sperm progressive motility (PMOT) in male factor infertility and fertilisation potential, research determining trends in this parameter is warranted. This research analysed trends in stallion sperm PMOT through systematic review and meta-regression. Using a comprehensive search strategy, Scopus, Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and VetMed (CAB direct) were scoped for eligible data. Using best practices, 230 meta-data points from 229 articles published from 1991 to 2021 were collated for meta-regression analysis. Sperm PMOT declined significantly between 1984 and 2019 (simple linear regression: b −0.340, P = 0.017; meta-regression: b −0.610, P ≤ 0.001). Overall and yearly PMOT declines were predicted at 33.51 and 0.96%, respectively (1984: 63.69 ± 5.07%; 2019: 42.35 ± 3.69%). Trends remained consistent irrespective of sensitivity analyses. Yearly and overall declines were stronger in western (yearly: 0.75%, overall: 26.29%) compared to non-western (yearly: 0.46%, overall: 10.65%) populations. Adverse trends contribute vital data to the debate surrounding declining semen quality, supporting the use of equines as novel comparative models for human reproduction. Results could have significant economic, health, and welfare consequences for equine breeding sectors. A comparable decline in human, dog, and horse sperm quality is indicative of a common environmental aetiology, indicating the need for a holistic One Health approach in determining causes and developing preventative strategies.
Comparative Efficacy of Treatment Options for the Prevention of Post-TIPS Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Zohaib , Hassan Mona , Arif Syeda Faiza , Aziz Muhammad , Iqbal Umair , Nawaz Ahmad , Farooq Umer , Smith Wade Lee , Badal Joyce , Renno Anas , Javaid Toseef , Nawras Ali , Saab Sammy 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is often used in patients with cirrhosis to manage portal hypertension-related complications. Unfortunately, 35-50% of patients develop overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after TIPS. However, data on lactulose and rifaximin to prevent post-TIPS HE is limited. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of multiple pharmacological regimens in the prevention of post-TIPS HE.
Methods: A comprehensive search strategy to identify reports of studies of rifaximin use on post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy was constructed using truncated keywords, phrases, and subject headings developed in Embase. This strategy was translated to MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Web of Science Core Collection, with all searches performed on 10 February 2022. No publication date or language limits were used.
Results: The initial search identified 72 studies, and 56 studies were screened after removing duplicates. Five studies, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three retrospective studies, met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. A total of 840 patients were included, with 65% male. Our meta- analysis did not find a statistically significant difference between lactulose vs placebo/no prophylaxis, nor rifaximin vs placebo/no prophylaxis, nor rifaximin plus lactulose vs placebo/no prophylaxis in the reduction of post-TIPS HE.
Conclusions: Rifaximin alone, lactulose alone, and rifaximin plus lactulose did not significantly reduce the development of post-TIPS HE. Based on the P-scores of the three treatment groups, the combination of rifaximin plus lactulose showed the most promising trend towards preventing post-TIPS HE. More studies, especially large RCTs, are warranted.
Outcomes, Mortality, and Cost Burden of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Patel Ankoor , Zhang Clark , Minacapelli Carlos D , Gupta Kapil , Catalano Carolyn , Li You , Rustgi Vinod K 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims: Cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Healthcare utilization and cost burden of AKI and HRS in cirrhosis is unknown. We aimed to analyze the health care use and cost burden associated with AKI and HRS in patients with cirrhosis in the United States by using real-world claims data.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims databases from 2007-2017. A total of 34,398 patients with cirrhosis with or without AKI and 4,364 patients with cirrhosis with or without HRS were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision, codes and matched 1:1 by sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities using propensity scores. Total and service-specific were quantified for the 12-months following versus the 12-months before the first date of AKI or HRS diagnosis and over 12-months following a randomly selected date for cirrhosis controls to capture entire disease burdens.
Results: The AKI and HRS group had a higher number of comorbidities and were associated with higher rates of readmission and mortality. The AKI and HRS groups had a significantly higher prevalence of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, septic shock, pulmonary edema, and respiratory failure. Compared to patients with cirrhosis only, AKI was associated with higher number of claims per person (AKI vs. cirrhosis only, 60.30 vs. 47.09; p<0.0001) and total annual median health care costs (AKI vs. cirrhosis only, $46,150 vs. $26,340; p<0.0001). Compared to patients with cirrhosis only, the HRS cohort was associated with a higher number of claims per person (HRS vs. cirrhosis only, 44.96 vs. 43.50; p<0.0009) and total annual median health care costs (HRS vs. cirrhosis only, $34,912 vs. $23,354; p<0.0001). Inpatient costs were higher than the control cohort for AKI (AKI vs. cirrhosis only, $72,720 vs. $29,111; p<0.0001) and HRS (HRS vs. cirrhosis only, $ 98,246 vs. $27,503; p<0.0001). Compared to the control cohort, AKI and HRS had a higher rate of inpatient admission, mean number of inpatient admissions, and mean total length of stay.
Conclusions: AKI and HRS are associated with higher health care utilization and cost burden compared to cirrhosis alone, highlighting the importance for improved screening and treatment modalities.