bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Before‐After Control‐Impact experiment reveals that culling reduces the impacts of invasive deer on endangered peatlands
Authors: Comte Sebastien , Bengsen Andrew J. , Thomas Elaine , Bennett Ami , Davis Naomi E. , Brown Daniel , Forsyth David M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Invasive deer have undesirable impacts on native ecosystems. Culling is commonly used to reduce those impacts, but is expensive and sometimes controversial. It is therefore important to robustly assess how culling reduces the impacts of invasive deer.

We conducted a Before‐After Control‐Impact (BACI) experiment to determine how culling affects the impacts of invasive sambar deer Cervus unicolor in an endangered alpine peatland ecosystem in south‐eastern Australia. We established two blocks, each with four 4300‐ha experimental units, in which two units were randomly assigned to a treatment of deer culling and the other two were non‐treatment areas. Sambar deer relative abundance (faecal pellet count) and three impacts (ground degradation, pugging intensity and water turbidity) in three peatland features (peatlands, natural pools and sambar deer wallows) were surveyed before and after culling was implemented. We used four metrics to quantify the culling intensity in each treatment unit: treatment versus non‐treatment, number of deer culled on each unit, deer culled within a 500‐m buffer of impact monitoring sites and local probability of use by the cullers (1‐ha grid). The effects of culling on deer abundance and impacts were estimated using Bayesian generalised linear mixed models.

Our analysis revealed that the effect of culling differed between the two experimental blocks. In one block, culling reduced deer abundance and three impacts. In the other block, culling did not reduce deer abundance but reduced three impacts and increased two impacts. The effects of culling were generally stronger when culling was estimated using finer‐scale (500‐m) than coarser‐scale (experimental unit) culling metrics.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides experimental evidence that culling invasive sambar deer reduces some of their undesirable impacts on endangered peatlands. That not all impacts were reduced by culling suggests that some effects of invasive species are slow to recover or require higher culling intensities to be reversed.
Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study
Authors: Gupta Yashdeep , Goyal Alpesh , Ambekar Samita , Kalaivani Mani , Bhatla Neerja , Tandon Nikhil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with a history of overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP) and compare with women having a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in pregnancy.MethodsWe have an established longitudinal cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia (preexisting diabetes [PED] [n = 101], ODiP [n = 92], GDM [n = 643]), and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy. For this study, we excluded women with PED and invited other eligible women in a fasting state for clinical and biochemical evaluation.ResultsWe evaluated 918 women with a mean (SD) age of 33.6 (5.0) years and at a median (interquartile range) postpartum interval of 31 (20–45) months. Diabetes was diagnosed in 65 (70.7%) women in ODiP compared to 99 (15.4%) in GDM (p < .001) and 4 (2.2%) in normoglycemia group (p < .001). In the ODiP group, the prevalence of diabetes was 47.4% among women tested in the first year postpartum, increasing to 86.8% among women tested at >3 years postpartum. Diabetes was more common when ODiP was diagnosed in the first (27/29, 93.1%) compared to the second trimester of pregnancy (35/57, 61.4%). The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes in ODiP was 14.82 (95% confidence interval, 8.49–25.87; p < .001; reference category: GDM).ConclusionsThe prevalence of postpartum diabetes was significantly higher in women with ODiP compared to GDM. Nearly 50% of women with ODiP did not develop diabetes in the first year of follow‐up, especially when ODiP was diagnosed after the first trimester of pregnancy and on the basis of a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test value. Such women are amenable to prevention strategies.image
Current stewardship practices in invasion biology limit the value and secondary use of genomic data
Authors: Vaughan Amy L. , Parvizi Elahe , Matheson Paige , McGaughran Angela , Dhami Manpreet K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvasive species threaten native biota, putting fragile ecosystems at risk and having a large‐scale impact on primary industries. Growing trade networks and the popularity of personal travel make incursions a more frequent risk, one only compounded by global climate change. With increasing publication of whole‐genome sequences lies an opportunity for cross‐species assessment of invasive potential. However, the degree to which published sequences are accompanied by satisfactory spatiotemporal data is unclear. We assessed the metadata associated with 199 whole‐genome assemblies of 89 invasive terrestrial invertebrate species and found that only 38% of these were derived from field‐collected samples. Seventy‐six assemblies (38%) reported an ‘undescribed’ sample origin and, while further examination of associated literature closed this gap to 23.6%, an absence of spatial data remained for 47 of the total assemblies. Of the 76 assemblies that were ultimately determined to be field‐collected, associated metadata relevant for invasion studies was predominantly lacking: only 35% (27 assemblies) provided granular location data, and 33% (n = 25) lacked sufficient collection date information. Our results support recent calls for standardized metadata in genome sequencing data submissions, highlighting the impact of missing metadata on current research in invasion biology (and likely other fields). Notably, large‐scale consortia tended to provide the most complete metadata submissions in our analysis—such cross‐institutional collaborations can foster a culture of increased adherence to improved metadata submission standards and a standard of metadata stewardship that enables reuse of genomes in invasion science.
Changes in self‐reported suicidal ideation during treatment with electroconvulsive therapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luccarelli James , Humphrey Daniel , McCoy Thomas H. , Henry Michael E. , Mueller Martina , Seiner Stephen J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveSuicidal ideation (SI) is common in patients with depressive symptoms, who are the most common recipients of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We sought to quantify changes in self‐reported SI occurring during treatment with ECT, and to identify factors associated with persistence of SI in patients beginning treatment with SI.MethodRetrospective, single‐center cohort study of patients receiving ECT and who self‐reported symptoms using Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) prior to ECT and after treatment #5 or #10. Changes in QIDS‐reported SI over the course of ECT were calculated, and logistic regression models were performed to assess factors associated with reporting SI at the end of treatment.Results2554 provided baseline and follow‐up SI scores, of whom, 1931 (75.6%) endorsed SI at baseline. There was a reduction in SI with ECT treatment (McNemar's test; df = 1, Χ2 = 803.7; p < 0.001), and in adjusted models 64.0% of individuals with baseline SI reported resolution of SI with ECT treatment, while 3.3% without baseline SI reported SI at the end of treatment. Higher baseline SI severity and outpatient treatment were associated with a higher odds of persistent SI among individuals beginning treatment with SI.ConclusionElectroconvulsive therapy treatment was associated with reductions in self‐reported SI. These results support the use of ECT in the treatment of patients with SI, but further research is needed to determine the effects of ECT on suicidal behavior.
Primate extinction, the legacy of 40 years' road expansion in Colombia
Authors: Ceia‐Hasse A. , Thomson M. A. , Noguera‐Urbano E. A. , Carrillo‐Restrepo J. C. , Cruz‐Rodríguez C. A. , Correa‐Ayram C. A. , Ochoa‐Quintero J. M. , Rosa I. M. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrimates are declining worldwide and rapid infrastructure expansion, particularly roads, threatens their habitat. New roads fragment habitats allowing anthropogenic activities to occur in once pristine ecosystems; this is particularly impactful in tropical areas with high endemic biodiversity, as is occurring with primates in Colombia. However, temporal assessments of how roads impact local biodiversity are rare. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the exposure of Colombian primates to roads from 1970 to 2015. Using a spatially explicit and species‐specific approach, we estimated the critical road density and the critical patch size primate species can withstand before going locally extinct. Then, overlapping 15 primate species (~40% of the primate species present in Colombia) ranges with Colombia's road networks over time, we determined the road expansion scope within each habitat and consequent fragmentation. Comparing the species critical road density and patch size, we determined the degree of road exposure of each species over time and its vulnerability to local extinction. Our results show that between 1970 and 2015, there were nearly 40 000 km2 where at least one species was at risk of local extinction, due to road expansion, principally in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Primates in these regions faced the greatest exposure to road impacts, with an average 16% increase in the amount of affected habitat during this period. Species in most need of conservation based on road exposure rankings are: Cebus versicolor, Aotus griseimembra, Ateles hybridus, Saguinus leucopus and Saguinus oedipus. Our study contributes to understanding road impacts on local biodiversity in one of the biodiversity hotspots across the tropics and highlights the need of infrastructure accounting for the necessary mitigation and conservation actions.
New aspects of activin biology in epididymal function and immunopathology
Authors: Wijayarathna Rukmali , Hedger Mark P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe activins (A and B) and their binding protein, follistatin, play crucial roles in development, immunoregulation and inflammation throughout the body. In the male reproductive tract of the mouse, activin A and B production is largely confined to the initial segment and proximal caput of the epididymis and the efferent ducts, under normal conditions, with very low expression in the corpus, cauda and vas deferens. However, activin A protein is present throughout the epididymis and vas deferens and is largely associated with the epithelium and interstitial macrophages. Conversely, the activin‐binding protein follistatin is produced in the distal epididymis, with very high expression in the vas deferens. Activin activity in the distal tract is inhibited by follistatin, and the activin–follistatin balance is important for regulating coiling of the duct during epididymal development. In further experiments, as described in this report, in situ hybridisation was used to localise activin A mRNA principally to cells in the periductal zone and interstitium in the efferent ducts and proximal caput. Activin B mRNA, on the other hand, was localised to periductal cells in the efferent ducts and proximal epididymis and, most notably, to epithelial cells in the initial segment. Activin A is implicated in the regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function and immune responses in the caput and stimulates the expression of the key immunoregulatory protein, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase in this region. Activin A production in the corpus and cauda increases dramatically during bacterial epididymitis in mice, promoting inflammation and fibrosis and causing damage to the epithelium and obstruction of the epididymal duct. Consequently, it appears that the activin–follistatin axis is crucial for maintaining normal epididymal structure and function, but disruption of this balance during inflammation has deleterious effects on male fertility. Follistatin has therapeutic potential in ameliorating the proinflammatory and profibrotic effects of activins.
Autonomic cardiovascular control is altered by intermittent hypoxia in preterm infants
Authors: Yee Alicia K. , Shetty Marisha , Siriwardhana Leon S. , Wong Flora Y. , Walter Lisa M. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimPreterm infants frequently experience short apnoeas and periodic breathing. Animal studies have shown that repetitive hypoxia associated with periodic breathing can alter autonomic control. We aimed to elucidate if apnoea and periodic breathing were associated with changes in autonomic control assessed using heart rate variability, thus exacerbating the consequences of respiratory disturbance.MethodsForty very preterm infants (15 M/25 F) were studied at 34.3 weeks post‐menstrual age with daytime polysomnography. Total power, low frequency (LF, sympathetic+parasympathetic activity) high frequency (HF, parasympathetic activity) and LF/HF (sympathovagal balance) were calculated.ResultsInfants were divided into those with above and below the median total sleep time spent with respiratory events: Active sleep (AS) 13%, Quiet sleep (QS) 10%. In AS, including respiratory events, Total power (p < 0.05) and HF power (p < 0.05) were higher in the above median group. During AS excluding respiratory events, Total power (p < 0.05) and HF power (p = 0.061) were higher and LF power (p < 0.01) and LF/HF (p < 0.05) were lower in the above median group. There were no differences in HRV parameters in QS.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence that short apnoeas, particularly periodic breathing, which is currently not detected or treated in the neonatal unit can affect autonomic cardiovascular control.
When and why creative performance influences job self‐efficacy: Pride as a mediator and workaholism as a moderator
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Moughan Caroline Jordan , Peng Yisheng , Ma Jie , Zhang Wenqin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe respond to calls to examine the implications of creative performance by exploring the mediating role of pride in the relationship between self‐rated creative performance and job self‐efficacy and the moderating role of workaholism in these relationships. We collected data from a sample of 405 employees in China with a three‐wave time‐lagged design in Study 1 and a sample of 352 employees in the United States with a three‐wave panel design in Study 2. Study 1 and Study 2 provided convergent evidence that self‐rated creative performance at Time 1 positively is related to pride at Time 2, which, in turn, positively related to job self‐efficacy at Time 3. Extending Study 1, Study 2 indicated that the indirect effect of self‐rated creative performance on job self‐efficacy via pride was only significant for employees with low workaholism. Our study contributes to the literature by taking the first attempt to explore how, why, and when self‐rated creative performance is related to job self‐efficacy and by highlighting the critical roles of pride and workaholism. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Anxiety and depression in patients with hand eczema: A population‐based study among 853 middle‐aged subjects
Authors: Koskelo Marjut , Sinikumpu Suvi‐Päivikki , Jokelainen Jari , Huilaja Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is a common dermatological disorder with considerable effect on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The data on mental comorbidities of HE is sparse and mostly studied among selected patient groups.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with HE in general population.MethodsStudy subjects (n = 6695) belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study (NFBC1966) responded to an extensive health questionnaire including questions about HE. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated according to the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25 (HSCL‐25).ResultsHaving ever suffered from HE was reported by 853 (12.8%) study subjects. Symptoms scores of depression were significantly higher among (n = 172, 20.3%) HE subjects compared with (n = 884, 15.4%) subjects without HE (Odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.68, P < 0.001). Correspondingly, symptoms scores of anxiety were also more common among (n = 90, 10.6%) HE subjects than among (n = 448, 7.8%) subjects without HE (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10–1.78, P = 0.007). In an adjusted model, the associations remained statistically significant (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08–1.57, P = 0.007 and OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04–1.72, P = 0.021, respectively).ConclusionsSymptoms associated with mental health should be taken into account when managing patients with HE.
Single center experience and literature review of kidney transplantation from non‐ideal donors with acute kidney injury: Risk and reward
Authors: Webb Christopher J. , McCracken Emily , Jay Colleen L. , Sharda Berjesh , Garner Matthew , Farney Alan C. , Orlando Giuseppe , Reeves‐Daniel Amber , Mena‐Gutierrez Alejandra , Sakhovskaya Natalia , Stratta Bobby , Stratta Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited experience transplanting kidneys from either expanded criteria donors (ECD) or donation after circulatory death (DCD) deceased donors with terminal acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsAKI kidneys were defined by a donor terminal serum creatinine level >2.0 mg/dL whereas non‐ideal deceased donor (NIDD) kidneys were defined as AKI/DCD or AKI/ECDs.ResultsFrom February 2007 to March 2023, we transplanted 266 single AKI donor kidneys including 29 from ECDs, 29 from DCDs (n = 58 NIDDs), and 208 from brain‐dead standard criteria donors (SCDs). Mean donor age (43.7 NIDD vs. 33.5 years SCD), KDPI (66% NIDD vs. 45% SCD), and recipient age (57 NIDD vs. 51 years SCD) were higher in the NIDD group (all p < .01). Mean waiting times (17.8 NIDD vs. 24.2 months SCD) and dialysis duration (34 NIDD vs. 47 months SCD) were shorter in the NIDD group (p < .05). Delayed graft function (DGF, 48%) and 1‐year graft survival (92.7% NIDD vs. 95.9% SCD) was similar in both groups. Five‐year patient and kidney graft survival rates were 82.1% versus 89.9% and 82.1% versus 75.2% (both p = NS) in the NIDD versus SCD groups, respectively.ConclusionsThe use of kidneys from AKI donors can be safely liberalized to include selected ECD and DCD donors.
Artificial intelligence in rare disease diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Wojtara Magda , Rana Emaan , Rahman Taibia , Khanna Palak , Singh Heshwin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) utilization in health care has grown over the past few years. It also has demonstrated potential in improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. Some types of AI, such as machine learning, allow for the efficient analysis of vast datasets, identifying patterns, and generating key insights. Predictions can then be made for medical diagnosis and personalized treatment recommendations. The use of AI can bypass some conventional limitations associated with rare diseases. Namely, it can optimize traditional randomized control trials, and may eventually reduce costs for drug research and development. Recent advancements have enabled researchers to train models based on large datasets and then fine‐tune these models on smaller datasets typically associated with rare diseases. In this mini‐review, we discuss recent advancements in AI and how AI can be applied to streamline rare disease diagnosis and optimize treatment.
Beta‐cell death and dysfunction drives hyperglycaemia in organ donors
Authors: Shapey Iestyn M. , Summers Angela , O'Sullivan James , Fullwood Catherine , Hanley Neil A. , Casey John , Forbes Shareen , Rosenthal Miranda , Johnson Paul R. V. , Choudhary Pratik , Bushnell James , Shaw James A. M. , Neiman Daniel , Shemer Ruth , Glaser Benjamin , Dor Yuval , Augustine Titus , Rutter Martin K. , van Dellen David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDonor hyperglycaemia following brain death has been attributed to reversible insulin resistance. However, our islet and pancreas transplant data suggest that other mechanisms may be predominant. We aimed to determine the relationships between donor insulin use and markers of beta‐cell death and beta‐cell function in pancreas donors after brain death.MethodsIn pancreas donors after brain death, we compared clinical and biochemical data in ‘insulin‐treated’ and ‘not insulin‐treated donors’ (IT vs. not‐IT). We measured plasma glucose, C‐peptide and levels of circulating unmethylated insulin gene promoter cell‐free DNA (INS‐cfDNA) and microRNA‐375 (miR‐375), as measures of beta‐cell death. Relationships between markers of beta‐cell death and islet isolation outcomes and post‐transplant function were also evaluated.ResultsOf 92 pancreas donors, 40 (43%) required insulin. Glycaemic control and beta‐cell function were significantly poorer in IT donors versus not‐IT donors [median (IQR) peak glucose: 8 (7‐11) vs. 6 (6‐8) mmol/L, p = .016; C‐peptide: 3280 (3159‐3386) vs. 3195 (2868‐3386) pmol/L, p = .046]. IT donors had significantly higher levels of INS‐cfDNA [35 (18‐52) vs. 30 (8‐51) copies/ml, p = .035] and miR‐375 [1.050 (0.19‐1.95) vs. 0.73 (0.32‐1.10) copies/nl, p = .05]. Circulating donor miR‐375 was highly predictive of recipient islet graft failure at 3 months [adjusted receiver operator curve (SE) = 0.813 (0.149)].ConclusionsIn pancreas donors, hyperglycaemia requiring IT is strongly associated with beta‐cell death. This provides an explanation for the relationship of donor IT with post‐transplant beta‐cell dysfunction in transplant recipients.
3D TEE imaging in a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation with dextrocardia and tricuspid commissural prolapse
Authors: Demirtola Ayşe İrem , İnan Duygu , Pamuk Özlem , Tugrul Sevil , Mammadli Anar , Kılıçgedik Alev 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly, it may be accompanied by numerous pathologies. Tricuspid valve prolapse is an extremely uncommon cause of primary tricuspid valve disease, as is its association with dextrocardia. In this instance, we wished to share our knowledge of tricuspid commissural prolapse together with dextrocardia, which we augmented with 3D images.
Left atrial mitral valve chordae: An important congenital abnormality mimicking endocarditis on transthoracic echocardiography—Case report
Authors: Shirwaiker Anita , Goh Ian Hong Siang , Cieslik Luke Kristofer , Appelbe Alan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 59‐year‐old male was incidentally diagnosed with a left atrial mitral valve chordae involving the junction of the A1 and A2 mitral valve leaflets and resulting in moderate mitral regurgitation. The recognition of this extremely rare congenital malformation prevented over diagnosis and overtreatment.