bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in the post-pandemic era: multi-laboratory assessment
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Feng Lei , Han Yanxi , Zhao Zihong , Diao Zhenli , Huang Tao , Ma Yu , Feng Wanyu , Li Jing , Li Ziqiang , Liu Cong , Chang Lu , Li Jinming , Zhang Rui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen detection is an indispensable tool for epidemic surveillance in the post-pandemic era. Faced with irregular performance, a comprehensive external quality assessment (EQA) scheme was conducted by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) to evaluate the analytical performance and status of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.

Methods
The EQA panel included ten lyophilized samples containing serial 5-fold dilutions of inactivated SARS-CoV-2-positive supernatants of the Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 strains and negative samples, which were classified into “validating” samples and “educational” samples. Data were analyzed according to qualitative results for each sample.

Results
A total of 339 laboratories in China participated in this EQA scheme, and 378 effective results were collected. All validating samples were correctly reported by 90.56 % (307/339) of the participants and 90.21 % (341/378) of the datasets. The positive percent agreement (PPA) was >99 % for samples with concentrations of 2 × 107 copies/mL but was 92.20 % (697/756) for 4 × 106 copies/mL and 25.26 % (382/1,512) for 8 × 105 copies/mL samples. Colloidal gold was the most frequently used (84.66 %, 320/378) but showed the lowest PPAs (57.11 %, 1,462/2,560) for positive samples compared with fluorescence immunochromatography (90 %, 36/40) and latex chromatography (79.01 %, 335/424). Among 11 assays used in more than 10 clinical laboratories, ACON showed a higher sensitivity than other assays.

Conclusions
The EQA study can help to validate whether it’s necessary to update antigen detection assays for manufacturers and provide participants with information about the performance of assays to take the first step toward routine post-market surveillance.
Insights into the bubble formation dynamics in converging shape microchannels using CLSVOF method
Authors: Raize Abdul , Kumari Pooja , Sontti Somasekhara Goud , Atta Arnab 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Bubble formation in a square microchannel having a converging shape merging junction has been studied using the Coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method. The influence of variations in merging junction angles, fluid properties, and operating conditions on the bubble length and pressure drop has been analyzed. The results show a direct relationship between surface tension, gas-liquid flow ratio, and the inverse relation of continuous phase viscosity with the bubble length. Moreover, opposite variations of these parameters are observed for pressure drop. This work reveals a discerning influence of the angle variations of merging junction on the interplay between inertial, viscous, and surface tension forces in the bubble formation mechanism. We envisage that this numerical work will be of significant interest for the process intensification in various industries that deal with gas-liquid microfluidic systems.
e-reversibility of rings via quasinilpotents
Authors: Kose Handan , Ungor Burcu , Harmanci Abdullah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The reversible property of rings was introduced by Cohn and has important
generalizations in noncommutative ring theory. In this paper,
reversibility of rings is investigated in relation with
quasinilpotents and idempotents, and our argument is spread out
based on this. We call a ring R
Qnil e-reversible if for
any

a
,
b

∈
R

{a,b\in R}

, being

a
⁢
b

=
0

{ab=0}

implies

b
⁢
a
⁢
e

∈

R
qnil

{bae\in R^{\rm qnil}}

for a
prescribed idempotent

e
∈
R

{e\in R}

, where

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

denotes the set
of all quasinilpotent elements of R. In the first, we determine
the set

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

for some classes of rings to investigate the
structure of Qnil e-reversible rings. In the second, we use

R
qnil

{R^{\rm qnil}}

to define Qnil e-reversibility of rings. The notion
of Qnil e-reversible ring is a proper generalization of that of
e-semicommutative ring, Qnil-semicommutative ring,
e-reversible ring and right (left) quasi-duo ring. We obtain
some relations between a ring and its quotient rings in terms of
Qnil e-reversibility. Applications via some ring extensions and
examples illustrating our results are provided.
On the uniqueness of solutions in inverse problems for Burgers’ equation under a transverse diffusion
Authors: Baev Andrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider the inverse problems of restoring initial data and a source term depending on spatial variables and time in
boundary value problems for the two-dimensional Burgers equation under a transverse diffusion in a rectangular and on a half-strip, like the Hopf–Cole transformation
is applied to reduce Burgers’ equation to the heat equation with respect to the function that can be measured to obtain tomographic data. We prove the uniqueness of
solutions in inverse problems with such additional data based on
the Fourier representations and the Laplace transformation.
The Crowdsourcing of Regulatory Monitoring and Enforcement
Authors: Yadin Sharon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Crowdsourced regulation has been discussed to date by legal and social science scholars mainly in the context of legislation and rulemaking, without paying sufficient attention to non-legislative regulatory functions. This article provides a richer theory of crowdsourced regulation which extends to all regulatory functions, focusing on monitoring and enforcement. Regulatory agencies worldwide harness the power of the public using digital platforms to carry out monitoring and enforcement tasks in regulated markets and sectors. For example, agencies operate online complaint databases that invite the public to report mistreatment of consumers and environmental nuisances by regulated firms. Agencies also publish information concerning corporate misbehavior to publicly shame companies into compliance. Crowdsourcing regulatory monitoring and enforcement can help minimize some prominent ailments of the regulatory task, such as poor resources, diminishing deterrence, declining legitimacy, and capture. It can also promote goals and values such as public participation, increased transparency, public trust in regulators, administrative efficiency, and effectiveness in achieving regulatory objectives. However, crowdsourcing regulatory monitoring and enforcement is subject to a new set of legal, administrative, and democratic failures that need to be acknowledged and addressed. The article develops a theory of crowdsourced regulation that supplies justifications and rationales for crowdsourced regulatory monitoring and enforcement, points out its main pitfalls, and normatively evaluates law and policy implications.
I. Uneheliche Söhne zwischen Erbrecht und Weiheverbot: Norm und Praxis von Illegitimität im ausgehenden Frühmittelalter
Authors: Harder Clara 
Published: June 2023

Summary
This paper presents a fresh survey of ‚illegitimacy’ in early medieval Francia during the last two centuries of the first millennium. Methodologically, it aims at transcending a common division in historic research, which either concentrates on inheritance and succession of people who were born out of wedlock, or the importance of the topic of non-legitimate birth for members of the clergy. By analyzing a variety of sources and outlining legal and historical developments in the 9th and 10th century, the paper brings various facets of illegitimacy together, thereby mapping out the complexity of a crucial phenomenon in early medieval family history.
Inhalt: I. Einführung. – II. Normen und Rechtsgewohnheiten im fränkischen Frühmittelalter. – III. Fränkische Innovation. Die Anfänge des Weiheverbots für Illegitime. – IV. Karolingische Königssöhne als Kleriker vor dem Jahr 900. – V. Von der Ausnahme zur Regel? Uneheliche Söhne als Bischöfe im 10. Jahrhundert. – VI. Ausblick und Fazit
Zur Identifikation von Extravagante 26 des Liber Papiensis in der Hs. Mailand, Biblioteca Ambrosiana O. 55 sup
Authors: Leyendecker Dominik 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The article discusses the identification of Extravagant 26 of the so-called Liber Papiensis, which is uniquely transmitted in an 11th century manuscript now known as Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana O. 55 sup. We argue that the chapter in question is a corrupted version of a chapter from the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville, which was adapted to appear more like a capitulary.
Ein Bruch mit der Tradition und eine Gefahr für den Reichsfrieden? Die Errichtung der Neunten Kur im Urteil des Reichshofratsconclusums vom April 1693
Authors: Kampmann Christoph 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The resurgence of the Holy Roman Emperorship in the decades after the Peace of Westphalia (1648) has received considerable attention in recent historiography. In this respect the particular importance of the Imperial Court of Justice (Imperial Aulic Council, Reichshofrat) has been stressed: It is assumed that it played a key role within the Imperial government, that it had helped to secure the imperial loyalty to the postwestphalian constitutional order and that it contributed to the skillful use of the Imperial prerogatives by the Vienna Government. Against this backdrop, the position of the Aulic Council regarding the creation of the Ninth (Hannoverian) electorship by Emperor Leopold in 1692, which hitherto has not been examined in detail, reveals a different historical picture. On the one hand, the Imperial Aulic Council was not included in the decision processes concerning the electorship, it was not even officially informed and rebuked for accepting a remonstration against the electorship. On the other hand, the Aulic Council in return criticised the creation of the Ninth electorship quite frankly in its self justification in April 1693 with regard to the procedures and its possible dangerous political consequences.
Review of Fatigue Crack Initiation Mechanisms Development and Monitoring in the Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime
Authors: Wagner Danièle , Petit Johann 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fatigue devices working at high frequency (20 kHz) allow now to explore the fatigue domain with a total number of cycles much higher than 107 cycles in reasonable times. In that case, lifetime belongs to the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) domain. As for low and high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF), the fracture begins by microstructural damage because of microplasticity, before leading to the initiation stage (stage I), and then the short and long crack propagation stages (stage II). It is now admitted that in VHCF the initiation stage is higher than 90 % of the total life. The main difference with LCF and HCF is the crack initiation location. For materials without internal defects (type I), the initiation is always on the specimen surface, whereas for materials with internal defects (inclusions, porosities, etc.) named type II, the microstructure appears in subsurface on defects leading to a typical “fish eye” on fractographies. If the crack initiation mechanisms on surface are well accepted to be related to dislocations gliding in well-oriented grains, the mechanisms in subsurface are not very clear and many hypotheses on the fish-eye development are suggested by different authors. In the fish-eye center, it appears a fine granular area more or less large, the origin of which is debated. In the first part, this article proposes a review on these crack initiation mechanisms (surface and subsurface). Microplasticity produces a temperature increase in fatigue tests. It has been demonstrated that the temperature recording during tests is a mean to determine the number of cycles corresponding to crack initiation and crack propagation. In the second part, through two examples on Armco iron (surface initiation) and a low alloy steel (subsurface crack initiation), the method to determine the number of cycles during the initiation and propagation stages is exposed.
Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of CuO/CdFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized by the Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Yassine R. , Abdallah A. M. , Awad R. , Bitar Z. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, xCuO/(1−x)CdFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0) using the co-precipitation method. X-ray powder diffraction patterns revealed the formation of copper oxide (CuO) and cadmium ferrite (CdFe2O4) phases in each NC with hematite as a secondary phase. Transmission electron microscope study confirmed the existence of CuO and CdFe2O4 crystal grains with sizes of 17.86 and 18.45 nm, respectively. Optical analysis indicated that the addition of CuO caused variations in bandgap energy and shifts in the emission wavelength of the NCs. Dielectric measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz, and dielectric study was performed by analyzing the frequency, temperature, and composition dependence of the dielectric parameters for the samples. Dielectric results showed the dispersion behavior of the NCs with increasing frequency and composition concentration corresponding to low dielectric losses, which makes them suitable for optoelectronics and high-frequency devices.
An Early Modern Sacro Monte in Mumbai
Authors: Mendiratta Sidh Losa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mumbai’s diverse cultural heritage includes several Christian churches associated with the city’s East Indian community and with the legacy of Portuguese colonial rule between 1534 and 1739. This study addresses one such site in the village of Mandapeshwar, which developed from an eighth-century CE Hindu rock-cut cave temple and was transformed during the period of Portuguese rule into a center of Franciscan missionary activity, including through the creation of a Sacro Monte, or series of pilgrimage stations. By reconstructing the activities of the early Franciscan missionaries on Shashti Island north of Mumbai, this investigation reveals that the Sacro Monte functioned as a Marian devotional shrine, with a crowning chapel dedicated to the Holy Spirit. The Sacro Monte, with its grottoes, represents a unique synthesis of rock-cut Hindu cave temples and Christian hermitic traditions.
The Metaphors That Made the Student Union
Authors: Robinson Clare 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article uses archival research to illustrate how the Association of College Unions and the professional consultants it supported employed the metaphors of “home,” the “art of living,” and “laboratory for living” to organize architectural meaning, social spaces, and student activities in the design of student unions on campuses across North America in the period following World War II. These metaphors facilitated the spread of expert knowledge as well as the making of a new building type. This move toward standardization reflected the long-standing egalitarian character of student unions and the growing presence of the middle class in American universities during the mid-twentieth century. The standardized student union physically embodied the American middle-class “standard of living” and promoted ideal middle-class values through its presence on college campuses.
The impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical outcomes of people with type 2 diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an observational multi-national analysis
Authors: Wilmot Emma , Wild Sarah H , Ruan Yue , Hadjadj Samy , Wargny Matthieu , Williams Myia S , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Zhu Xu , Ryder Robert EJ , Pekmezaris Renee , Marre Michel , Field Benjamin CT , Narendran Parth , Harris Sophie , Gautier Jean-François , Patel Dipesh , Várnai Kinga A , Davies Jim , Roussel Ronan , Rea Rustam , Gourdy Pierre , Cariou Bertrand , Myers Alyson , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: June 2023

Aims: To describe the relationship between race/ethnicity and adverse outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults with T2DM admitted to hospital in the UK, France and USA.
Methods: Study data from the UK ABCD nationwide COVID- 19 audit, the French CORONADO nationwide initiative and the USA AMERICADO multi-centre study were analysed to assess the association between race/ethnicity and severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was deﬁned as death in hospital and/or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Logistic regression models were used to generate age-adjusted odds ratios.
Results: Data from 3,471 patients in the ABCD audit, from 2,451 CORONADO patients and from 9,321 AMERICADO patients admitted with COVID-19 and T2DM were analysed. Race/ethnicity data were available for 3,410 (98%), 2,173 (89%) and 8,893 (95%) patients, respectively. In the UK ABCD audit cohort, Asian and Black race/ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of death/ICU admission compared to White when adjusted for age and sex (OR 2.14; 1.38-3.29 and OR 2.09; 1.17-3.74, respectively). When adjusted for additional confounders the association was stronger (Asian OR 2.88; 1.72-4.82 and Black OR 2.20; 1.12-4.30). In the CORONADO cohort Middle Eastern/North African race/ethnicity was protective against death/ICU admission (OR 0.57; 0.36-0.91).
There was no association between ethnicity and death alone in the AMERICADO dataset.
Conclusion: In those with T2DM admitted to hospital with COVID-19, a non-White race/ethnicity was associated with higher risk of death/ICU admission in the UK ABCD data but not in French CORONADO or USA AMERICADO datasets. Further research is required to improve our understanding of the observed discrepancies in outcomes.
МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: ДЕЙНЕКО Людмила , ЦИПЛІЦЬКА Олена , КУШНІРЕНКО Оксана , ГАХОВИЧ Наталія , ЗАВГОРОДНЯ Марія 
Published: June 2023

Розкрито історико-економічні передумови, окреслено контури політики макроекономічної стабілізації і промислового розвитку, що була імплементована для повоєнного відновлення країнами Європи, Азії, Африки, які переживали війни і конфлікти у ХХ–ХХІ ст. Виокремлено чинники, які визначали траєкторію промислового відродження в кожній країні: глобальні, інституційні, макроекономічні, ресурсні, інноваційно-технологічні тощо. Оцінено результати впровадження «плану Маршала» в європейських країнах і Японії, а також інших видів міжнародної допомоги для постраждалих країн. Відзначено множинність поведінкових патернів держави, які обумовлювали обрання конкретного напряму промислового відродження: реструктуризація промислового сектору (Європа), інноваційно-технологічна модернізація (Ізраїль, азійські країни), великі промислові проєкти (Єгипет) або відстороненість держави від суттєвого втручання в структурні трансформації економіки (країни Західних Балкан). Виявлено визначальну роль формування сприятливого бізнес-клімату в повоєнний період для стимулювання припливу інвестицій у промисловий та інші сектори економіки, а також позитивний вплив державних інвестицій у розбудову фізичної інфраструктури та інноваційної екосистеми.
Визначено, що повоєнне відновлення промисловості відбувалося швидко і мало стабільні результати в країнах, де було сформовано ринкові засади господарювання і стійкі інститути (Західна Європа); у азійських країнах процес відновлення мав короткострокові успіхи після Другої світової війни, але промислова модернізація фактично тривала десятиліттями внаслідок відмінностей у стратегіях економічного розвитку різних урядів. Недостатня увага держави до промислового сектору часто була причиною деіндустріалізації і слабкого інноваційного розвитку держави (країни Західних Балкан).
Встановлено, що очікувана міжнародна фінансова і технічна допомога рідко направлялася безпосередньо на підтримку промислового сектору, що спонукало держави акумулювати власні ресурси, зберігати державну форму власності на великі промислові об’єкти всупереч цілям приватизації або створювати умови для залучення іноземних інвестицій, формуючи експортоорієнтовану модель економіки.
A Model for Inclusive Education in Indonesia: The Lazuardi Global Islamic School
Authors: Madanih Rahmawati 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Inclusive education has gained momentum in the last few years as it becomes the buzzword in the vernacular of the Indonesia’s education sector, especially among the educators and education providers in Indonesia. Inclusive education requires education providers to provide quality and accessible education for students with disabilities. This article examines the practice of inclusive education at the Lazuardi Global Islamic School. It is located at the border of West Java and the capital city of Jakarta and is considered as one of the first educational institutions to offer inclusive education within an Islamic educational setting. The article begins with an overview of the inclusive education program offered since 1994 and the progressive orientation of the school’s organization, management, teachers’ educational development and training, in addition to an inclusive curriculum development, that has enabled implementation of an inclusive education. Based on qualitative research and extensive interviews with the school’s leaders, teachers, health professional staffs, parents, and students, this article discusses and analyses the experience of Lazuardi School in implementing inclusive education. The story of Lazuardi can be used as a reference for other Islamic education providers to offer inclusive Islamic education system. Keywords: Inclusive education; students with disabilities; special education needs; Islamic schools; Indonesia. Abstrak. Pendidikan inklusif mendapat momentum dalam beberapa tahun terakhir sebagai istilah yang dipakai dalam bahasa sehari-hari di bidang pendidikan, terutama di kalangan pendidik dan penyelenggara pendidikan di Indonesia. Pendidikan inklusif mensyaratkan penyelenggara pendidikan untuk menyediakan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan dapat diakses oleh siswa penyandang disabilitas. Artikel ini mengkaji praktik pendidikan inklusif di Lazuardi Global Islamic School. Lembaga pendidikan ini terletak di perbatasan Jawa Barat dan ibukota Jakarta dan dianggap sebagai salah satu lembaga pendidikan pertama yang menawarkan pendidikan inklusif dalam lingkungan pendidikan bernuansa Islam. Paper ini diawali dengan penjelasan mengenai ikhtisar program pendidikan inklusif yang dimulai sejak 1994 dan orientasi progresif organisasi sekolah, manajemen, pengembangan dan pelatihan pendidikan guru, di samping pengembangan kurikulum inklusif, yang memungkinkan pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif. Berdasarkan penelitian kualitatif dan wawancara ekstensif dengan pimpinan sekolah, guru, staf profesional kesehatan, orang tua, dan siswa, penulis membahas dan menganalisis pengalaman Sekolah Lazuardi dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan inklusif. Kisah Lazuardi dapat dijadikan referensi bagi penyelenggara pendidikan Islam lainnya untuk menawarkan sistem pendidikan Islam inklusif. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan inklusif; siswa penyandang cacat; kebutuhan pendidikan khusus; sekolah Islam; Indonesia.