bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endosperm microstructure, physical, thermal properties and specific milling energy of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) grain and flour
Authors: Warechowska Małgorzata , Anders Andrzej , Warechowski Józef , Bramowicz Mirosław , Markowska-Mendik Agnieszka , Rejmer Wojciech , Tyburski Józef , Kulesza Sławomir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the endosperm microstructure and physical properties of grain have significance in grain processing and in the development of processing machines. The aim of our study was to analyze the endosperm microstructure, physical, thermal properties, and specific milling energy of organic spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) grain and flour. Image analysis combined with fractal analysis was used to describe the microstructural differences of the endosperm of spelt grain. The endosperm morphology of spelt kernels was monofractal, isotropic, and complex. A higher proportion of Type-A starch granules resulted in an increased proportion of voids and interphase boundaries in the endosperm. Changes in the fractal dimension were correlated with kernel hardness, specific milling energy, the particle size distribution of flour, and the starch damage rate. Spelt cultivars varied in size and shape of the kernels. Kernel hardness was a property that differentiated specific milling energy, particle size distribution of flour, and starch damage rate. Fractal analysis may be considered as a useful tool for evaluating milling processes in the future.
Living in human-modified landscapes narrows the dietary niche of a specialised mammalian scavenger
Authors: Lewis Anna C. , Hughes Channing , Rogers Tracey L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts on carnivores can be complex, posing numerous threats to many species, yet also benefits to those able to exploit certain resources. This balancing act is particularly precarious for those adapters that exploit dietary resources provided by humans, but still require other resources only available in native habitat. Here we measure the dietary niche of one such species, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), a specialised mammalian scavenger, across an anthropogenic habitat gradient stretching from cleared pasture to undisturbed rainforest. Populations inhabiting areas of greater disturbance showed restricted dietary niches, suggesting that all individuals fed on similar food items, even within regenerated native forest. Populations in undisturbed rainforest habitats had comparatively broad diets and showed evidence of niche partitioning by body size, which may reduce intraspecific competition. Despite the potential benefits of reliable access to high-quality food items in anthropogenically-modified habitats, the constrained niches we observed may be harmful, indicating altered behaviours and potentially increasing the rate of fights between individuals over food. This is of particular concern for a species at risk of extinction due to a deadly cancer primarily transmitted through aggressive interactions. The lack of diversity in devil diets within regenerated native forest compared to those in old-growth rainforest also indicates the conservation value of the latter for both the devil and the species which they consume.
Label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy to locate desired regions of interest in multiphoton imaging of volumetric specimens
Authors: Ravichandran Naresh Kumar , Hur Hwan , Kim Hyemi , Hyun Sangwon , Bae Ji Yong , Kim Dong Uk , Kim I Jong , Nam Ki-Hwan , Chang Ki Soo , Lee Kye-Sung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiochip-based research is currently evolving into a three-dimensional and large-scale basis similar to the in vivo microenvironment. For the long-term live and high-resolution imaging in these specimens, nonlinear microscopy capable of label-free and multiscale imaging is becoming increasingly important. Combination with non-destructive contrast imaging will be useful for effectively locating regions of interest (ROI) in large specimens and consequently minimizing photodamage. In this study, a label-free photothermal optical coherence microscopy (OCM) serves as a new approach to locate the desired ROI within biological samples which are under investigation by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The weak photothermal perturbation in sample by the MPM laser with reduced power was detected at the endogenous photothermal particles within the ROI using the highly sensitive phase-differentiated photothermal (PD–PT) OCM. By monitoring the temporal change of the photothermal response signal of the PD–PT OCM, the hotspot generated within the sample focused by the MPM laser was located on the ROI. Combined with automated sample movement in the x–y axis, the focal plane of MPM could be effectively navigated to the desired portion of a volumetric sample for high-resolution targeted MPM imaging. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method in second harmonic generation microscopy using two phantom samples and a biological sample, a fixed insect on microscope slide, with dimensions of 4 mm wide, 4 mm long, and 1 mm thick.
Effect of exercise training with laser phototherapy on homeostasis balance resistant to hypercoagulability in seniors with obesity: a randomized trial
Authors: Elsayed Marwa M. , Abdallah Ghada A. , Hassan Safaa S. , Nagy Ebtesam N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-related coagulation disorders. The current study assessed the effectiveness of combined aerobic exercise and laser phototherapy on the coagulation profile and body measurements in older adults with obesity compared to aerobic exercise alone, which has not been adequately explored. We included 76 obese people (50% women and 50% men) with a mean age of 67.83 ± 4.84 years and a body mass index of 34.55 ± 2.67 kg/m2. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (which received aerobic training with laser phototherapy) and the control group (which received aerobic training alone) for three months. From the baseline to the final analysis, the absolute changes in specific coagulation biomarker levels (fibrinogen, fibrin fragment D, prothrombin time, Kaolin-Cephalin Coagulation Time), and contributing parameters (C-reactive protein and total cholesterol), were assessed. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in all evaluated measures (p < 0.001). So, in comparison to aerobic exercise alone, combined aerobic exercise and laser phototherapy had superior positive effects on coagulation biomarkers and decreased the risk of thromboembolism throughout a three-month intervention period in senior obese persons. Therefore, we suggest adopting laser phototherapy for individuals with a greater risk of hypercoagulability.The research was entered into the database of clinical trials under the identification NCT04503317.
Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pt-SnO2 nanoparticles supported on natural bentonite-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-extracted chitosan from shrimp wastes for methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Aryafar Ahmad , Ekrami-Kakhki Mehri-Saddat , Naeimi Atena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized based on Amaranthus spinosus plant. The produced graphene oxide by a modified Hummers’ method was functionalized with melamine (mRGO) and used accompanied by natural bentonite (Bnt) and extracted chitosan from shrimp wastes to prepare Bnt-mRGO-CH. This was utilized as novel support for anchoring Pt and SnO2 nanoparticles to prepare the novel Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH catalyst. The crystalline structure, morphology and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the prepared catalyst were determined by TEM images and XRD technique. The electrocatalytic performance of the Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH catalyst was evaluated for methanol electro-oxidation through electrochemical investigations including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry techniques. Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH showed enhanced catalytic activity compared to Pt/Bnt-mRGO-CH and Pt/Bnt-CH catalysts considering its higher electrochemically active surface area, higher mass activity, and better stability for methanol oxidation. SnO2/Bnt-mRGO and Bnt-mRGO nanocomposites were also synthesized and did not show any significant activity for methanol oxidation. The results showed that Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH could be a promising catalyst as anode material in direct methanol fuel cells.
Deep-Manager: a versatile tool for optimal feature selection in live-cell imaging analysis
Authors: Mencattini A. , D’Orazio M. , Casti P. , Comes M. C. , Di Giuseppe D. , Antonelli G. , Filippi J. , Corsi F. , Ghibelli L. , Veith I. , Di Natale C. , Parrini M. C. , Martinelli E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the major problems in bioimaging, often highly underestimated, is whether features extracted for a discrimination or regression task will remain valid for a broader set of similar experiments or in the presence of unpredictable perturbations during the image acquisition process. Such an issue is even more important when it is addressed in the context of deep learning features due to the lack of a priori known relationship between the black-box descriptors (deep features) and the phenotypic properties of the biological entities under study. In this regard, the widespread use of descriptors, such as those coming from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), is hindered by the fact that they are devoid of apparent physical meaning and strongly subjected to unspecific biases, i.e., features that do not depend on the cell phenotypes, but rather on acquisition artifacts, such as brightness or texture changes, focus shifts, autofluorescence or photobleaching. The proposed Deep-Manager software platform offers the possibility to efficiently select those features having lower sensitivity to unspecific disturbances and, at the same time, a high discriminating power. Deep-Manager can be used in the context of both handcrafted and deep features. The unprecedented performances of the method are proven using five different case studies, ranging from selecting handcrafted green fluorescence protein intensity features in chemotherapy-related breast cancer cell death investigation to addressing problems related to the context of Deep Transfer Learning. Deep-Manager, freely available at https://github.com/BEEuniroma2/Deep-Manager, is suitable for use in many fields of bioimaging and is conceived to be constantly upgraded with novel image acquisition perturbations and modalities.
Replacing gas boilers with heat pumps is the fastest way to cut German gas consumption
Authors: Altermatt Pietro P. , Clausen Jens , Brendel Heiko , Breyer Christian , Gerhards Christoph , Kemfert Claudia , Weber Urban , Wright Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe supply security of fossil gas has been disrupted by the Russo-Ukrainian War. Decisions to relocate the production and transport of gas have become so urgent that new long-term contracts are imminent that undermine the Paris Climate Agreement. Here, we simulate how quickly the addition of renewable electricity and the installation of heat pumps can substitute enough gas to reduce supply risk, while taking a decisive step towards meeting the Paris Agreement. Our bottom-up modelling, using Germany as an example, shows technical pathways on how installing heat pumps is one of the fastest ways to reduce gas consumption, in addition to reducing the load hours of gas-fired power plants. With targeted efforts, maximally 60% of gas from the Russian Federation can be substituted by 2025 with heat pumps and grid expansions, and enough electricity will remain available that the phase-out of coal and the entry into e-mobility will still be practicable.
The role of porosity in collisions of granular aggregates: A simulation study of fusion, sliding, and fragmentation collisions
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Umstätter Philipp , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Collisions between porous dust aggregates are crucial for the evolution of protoplanetary disks.
Aims. We study how the porosity, relative velocity, and impact parameter determine whether colliding dust aggregates grow or erode (fragment) in collisions.
Methods. We used a granular-mechanics simulation of aggregates composed of 20 000 grains to determine the collision outcomes of colliding aggregates. Only collisions between aggregates of an equal mass and porosity are considered.
Results. The collisional outcomes can be grouped into three classes: “fusion” if the mass of the largest post-collision cluster exceeds 150% of the mass of a single aggregate; “sliding” if the two largest post-collision clusters each contain more than 75% of the initial aggregate mass; and “fragmentation” as the remaining events. Fusion occurs for low velocities and impact parameters, sliding for large impact parameters, and fragmentation dominates at large velocities. The results for central collisions show no sliding and thus strongly differ from the impact-parameter-averaged results.
Conclusions. With increasing aggregate porosity, the sliding probability – and to a lesser degree also the fusion probability at small velocities – decreases and the fragmentation probability increases.
Osteoporosis Remains Constant in Patients with Hemophilia—Long-Term Course in Consideration of Comorbidities
Authors: Strauss Anna C. , Muellejans Pius , Koob Sebastian , Goldmann Georg , Pennekamp Peter H. , Wallny Thomas A. , Oldenburg Johannes , Strauss Andreas C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Patients with hemophilia (PWHs) suffer from an increased risk of osteoporosis. Multiple hemophilia and hemophilic arthropathy associated factors correlate with a low bone mineral density (BMD) in PWHs. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term development of BMD in PWH as well as to analyze potentially influencing factors.
Methods A total of 33 adult PWHs were evaluated in a retrospective study. General medical history, specific-hemophilia-associated comorbidities, joint status using the Gilbert score, calcium level, and vitamin D level as well as at least two results of bone density measurements with a minimum range of 10 years per patient were taken into account.
Results The BMD did not change significantly from one point of measurement to the other. A total of 7 (21.2%) cases of osteoporosis and 16 (48.5%) cases of osteopenia were identified. The two following significant correlations could be revealed: the higher the patients' body mass index, the higher their BMD (r = 0.41; p = 0.022). Moreover, a high Gilbert score came along with a low BMD (r = −0.546; p = 0.003).
Conclusion Even if PWHs frequently suffer from a reduced BMD, our data suggest that their BMD remains constant on a low level in the course of time. A risk factor of osteoporosis often found in PWHs is a vitamin D deficiency and joint destruction. Therefore, a standardized screening of PWHs on BMD reduction by collecting vitamin D blood level and assessing joint status seems appropriate.
Bewegungsempfehlungen in der Prävention und Therapie der
Adipositas
Authors: Joisten Christine 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Rolle von körperlicher Aktivität in der Prävention
und Therapie von Übergewicht und Adipositas, aber auch möglicher
Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen ist heutzutage unbestritten. Die
Weltgesundheitsorganisation fordert in den aktuellen Bewegungsempfehlungen
für Erwachsene 150–300 Minuten pro Woche moderate oder
75–150 Minuten intensive Bewegungszeit sowie die Reduktion vermeidbarer
Sitzzeiten. Für Menschen mit Adipositas gelten nur wenig höhere
Umfänge mit 30 bis 60 Minuten Bewegungszeit pro Tag, um eine relevante
Gewichtsabnahme zu erzielen. Diese beläuft sich aber meist auf nur 2 bis
3 Kg, die im Interventionszeitraum bis maximal 12 Monate erzielt werden.
Wesentlicher sind daher die Effekte von Bewegung auf psychische und physische
Faktoren inkl. der Körperkomposition, die auch unabhängig von
einer Gewichtsreduktion auftreten. Auch beim Gewichtserhalt, ggf. einer weiteren
Gewichtsabnahme über gezielte Maßnahmen hinaus gilt Bewegung als
wichtiger Einflussfaktor. Hier werden 200 bis 300 Minuten pro Woche gefordert.
Nichtsdestotrotz bleibt die Umsetzung in die Praxis erschwert. Bewährt
haben sich eine patientenzentrierte Herangehensweise und eine partizipative
Entscheidungsfindung sowie die Vermittlung, dass letztlich jede Bewegungsform
einen gesundheitlichen Nutzen hat. Zur Minimierung möglicher Risiken
sollte (vorab) eine sportmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchung erfolgen.
Multimodaler Ansatz zum Verständnis des Zusammenspiels zwischen dem endokrinen und dem Endocannabinoidsystem, nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten und der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Spohrs Jennifer , Kuehnle Valentin , Ferger Marc D. , Abler Birgit 
Published: March 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) und, unabhängig davon, nicht suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) sind äußerst prävalente psychiatrische Störungsbilder, welche häufig mit weiteren psychischen Komorbiditäten einhergehen. Dennoch gibt es wenige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen, die zudem der Verbesserung derzeitiger Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dienen können. Da Cannabiskonsum häufig zur Selbstmedikation bei Patienten mit BPS und NSSV eingesetzt wird und Cannabismissbrauch vermehrt vorkommt, liegt die Untersuchung des Endocannabinoidsystems (ECS) als potenziellen Modulator der Psychopathologie nahe. Des Weiteren sind die Stressverarbeitung als zugrunde liegender Faktor und die Funktionsfähigkeit des endokrinologischen Systems, welches eine zentrale Rolle in der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung der BPS und NSSV spielt, eng mit dem ECS verbunden, welches unter anderem für die Modulation der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden (HPA)-Achse bekannt ist. Auch wenn mehr Forschung nötig ist, hat das ECS großes Potenzial die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu erweitern.
Expression and Release of Tumor Cell Tissue Factor Triggers Recurrent Thromboembolism in a Patient with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Beckmann Lennart , Lennartz Maximilian , Poch Annika , Holstein Katharina , Bokemeyer Carsten , Langer Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a frequent complication in patients with malignancies, its treatment remains a challenge in daily practice. Here, we report the clinical course of a 51-year-old woman presenting with a highly thrombogenic paraneoplastic coagulopathy. Despite therapeutic anticoagulation with various agents, including rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and low-molecular-weight heparin, the patient suffered from recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism. Locally advanced endometrial cancer was identified. Tumor cells showed strong expression of tissue factor (TF), and significant concentrations of TF-bearing microvesicles were detected in patient plasma. Coagulopathy was controlled only by continuous intravenous anticoagulation with the direct thrombin inhibitor, argatroban. Multimodal antineoplastic treatment, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, resulted in clinical cancer remission, which was paralleled by normalization of tumor markers, CA125 and CA19–9, D-dimer levels, and TF-bearing microvesicles. In summary, continuous anticoagulation with argatroban and multimodal anticancer treatment may be necessary to control TF-driven coagulation activation with recurrent CAT in endometrial cancer.
Allergie
Authors: Bieger Wilfried 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDas Auftreten von Autoimmunerkrankungen wird einerseits durch genetische Risikofaktoren begünstigt, andererseits sind ­exogene Einflüsse wie chronische (Virus-)Infektionen, Stress, hormonelle oder Umwelt­faktoren von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Allergien werden als komplexe genetische Krankheiten verstanden, die durch die Interaktion multipler genetischer Faktoren mit Umweltfaktoren entstehen und für die Infektionen ebenfalls eine große Rolle spielen, da sie protektiv, aber auch verstärkend wirken können. Welche Diagnose- und Therapiemöglichkeiten komplementärmedizinische Behandler bei Autoimmunerkrankungen und Allergien nutzen können, ist Gegenstand des Beitrags.
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia—A Retrospective Analysis of Patients Treated at a Tertiary Care Oncology Center in North India
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Kapoor Akhil , Mishra Bal Krishna , Kashyap Lakhan , Choudhary Amit , Singh Arpita , Singh Neha , Sansar Bipinesh 
Published: March 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of patients of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated at our center concerning their clinical features and treatment outcomes.Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed and treated from May 2018 to December 2021 were included. All relevant information pertaining to eligible patients was retrieved from the electronic medical records. Patients were risk-stratified based on the World Health Organization (WHO) risk scoring system with a score of seven and above being classified into the high-risk category. Patients were monitored for response by measuring β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) levels before each consecutive cycle.Statistical Analysis Appropriate statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.Results Records of 39 eligible patients were analyzed for clinical features out of which 38 were eligible for response assessment. The median age of presentation was 28 years with the majority of patients (79.4%) diagnosed based on β-HCG levels and clinical history alone. The most common symptom was bleeding per vagina (64%), while the majority of antecedent pregnancies were abortions (59%).Of the 14 low-risk category patients, 12 received single-agent methotrexate/actinomycin D, while 2 received etoposide, methotrexate actinomycin D (EMACO) regimen. Overall response rates were 85.7% with the others responding to the second-line EMACO regimen. Five patients in this group had a WHO score of 5 or 6 and all of them responded to single-agent treatment. Among the 25 high-risk category patients, all received the EMACO regimen with high-dose methotrexate added to those with brain metastasis. The response rate was 87.5% with all the nonresponders having features of ultra-high risk of liver/brain metastasis and/or a WHO score of more than 12. While one nonresponder had expired despite treatment, the other two responded to the etoposide methotrexate and actinomycin D/ etoposide and cisplatin regimen.Conclusion Our results are in consonance with other reported studies. The subcategories of low-risk GTN with a WHO score of 5 and 6 and high-risk GTN with ultra-high-risk features deserve further research in the form of multicenter prospective studies.
Bone Marrow Changes and Lesions of Diabetic Foot and Ankle Disease: Conventional and Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bajaj Gitanjali , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiabetic foot and ankle complications contribute to substantial mortality and morbidity. Early detection and treatment can lead to better patient outcomes. The primary diagnostic challenge for radiologists is distinguishing Charcot's neuroarthropathy from osteomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for assessing diabetic bone marrow alterations and for identifying diabetic foot complications. Several recent technical advances in MRI, such as the Dixon technique, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, have led to improved image quality and increased capability to add more functional and quantitative information.We discuss the bone marrow abnormalities encountered in daily radiologic assessment: osteopenia, reactive bone marrow edema-like signal, insufficiency fractures, Charcot's neuroarthropathy, osteomyelitis, serous marrow atrophy, digital ischemia, and bone infarcts, along with their pathophysiology and the conventional and advanced imaging techniques used for a comprehensive marrow evaluation.