bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-hypertensive medication adherence in the REQUIRE trial: post-hoc exploratory evaluation
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Kai Hisashi , Nanto Shinsuke , Yokoi Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaintaining medication adherence is important in treating hypertension, especially resistant hypertension (RH), and variable medication adherence can confound results in blood pressure trials. This post-hoc analysis evaluated adherence at baseline and 3 months using available urine samples from the REQUIRE trial, comparing 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (ASBP) lowering effects of ultrasound renal denervation (uRDN) versus sham in RH. At baseline, 45% (26/58) patients showed poor adherence. Among patients with good baseline adherence, adherence was unchanged at 3 months, and uRDN patients had a decreased ASBP whereas sham patients did not. In poorly adherent patients, sham patients showed a trend towards increased adherence and a significant ASBP reduction, whereas uRDN patients did not change. Accordingly, adherence changes and the resultant ASBP reduction in poorly adherent sham patients may explain the lack of between-group difference seen in REQUIRE. Monitoring and maintaining medication adherence is important for future interventional studies in RH.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of transcription factors and hormones during flower bud differentiation in ‘Red Globe’ grape under red‒blue light
Authors: Liu Xin , Yuan Miao , Dang Shizhuo , Zhou Juan , Zhang Yahong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrape is a globally significant fruit-bearing crop, and the grape flower bud differentiation essential to fruit production is closely related to light quality. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of grape flower bud differentiation under red‒blue light, the transcriptome and hormone content were determined at four stages of flower bud differentiation. The levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in grape flower buds at all stages of differentiation under red‒blue light were higher than those in the control. However, the levels of cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellic acid (giberellins, GAs) fluctuated continuously over the course of flower bud differentiation. Moreover, many differentially expressed genes were involved in auxin, CK, GA, and the ABA signal transduction pathways. There were significant differences in the AUX/IAA, SAUR, A-RR, and ABF gene expression levels between the red‒blue light treatment and the control buds, especially in regard to the ABF genes, the expression levels of which were completely different between the two groups. The expression of GBF4 and AI5L2 in the control was always low, while the expression under red‒blue light increased. AI5L7 and AI5L5 expression levels showed an upwards trend in the control plant buds and gradually decreased in red‒blue light treatment plant buds. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we determined that the transcription factors WRK48 (WRKY family), EF110 (ERF family), ABR1, CAMTA3 (CAMTA family), and HSFA3 (HSF family) may be involved in the regulation of the GBF4 gene. This study lays a foundation for further analysis of grape flower bud differentiation regulation under red‒blue light.
Simultaneous imaging of ultrasonic relative backscatter and attenuation coefficients for quantitative liver steatosis assessment
Authors: Timaná José , Chahuara Hector , Basavarajappa Lokesh , Basarab Adrian , Hoyt Kenneth , Lavarello Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevalence of liver disease is continuously increasing and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common etiology. We present an approach to detect the progression of liver steatosis based on quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging. This study was performed on a group of 55 rats that were subjected to a control or methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet known to induce NAFLD. Ultrasound (US) measurements were performed at 2 and 6 weeks. Thereafter, animals were humanely euthanized and livers excised for histological analysis. Relative backscatter and attenuation coefficients were simultaneously estimated from the US data and envelope signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to train a regression model for: (1) fat fraction percentage estimation and (2) performing classification according to Brunt’s criteria in grades (0 <5%; 1, 5–33%; 2, >33–66%; 3, >66%) of liver steatosis. The trained regression model achieved an $$R^2$$

R
2

of 0.97 (p-value < 0.01) and a RMSE of 3.64. Moreover, the classification task reached an accuracy of 94.55%. Our results suggest that in vivo QUS is a promising noninvasive imaging modality for the early assessment of NAFLD.
An integrative approach to understanding diversity patterns and assemblage rules in Neotropical bats
Authors: Hurtado-Materon María A. , Murillo-García Oscar E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms shaping species composition of assemblages is critical for incorporating ecological and evolutionary perspectives into biodiversity conservation. Thus, we quantified the relative support of community assembly mechanisms by assessing how species richness relates to the functional and phylogenetic biodiversity of Neotropical bat assemblages. We assessed the association of functional diversity for functional categories and phylogenetic diversity with species richness for 20 assemblages of Neotropical bats. In addition, we contrasted functional and phylogenetic diversity against null models to determine the mechanisms that structure the assemblages. We hypothesize functional/phylogenetic overdispersion for high species sites and a positive relationship between those dimensions of diversity and richness. Functional divergence increased with species richness, indicating that the variability in ecological attributes among abundant bats increases as the assemblages contain more species. Taxa were more distantly related as richness increases, but distances among closely related species remained constant. We found a consistent tendency of clustering of functional traits in site assemblages, particularly in abundant species. We proposed competition between clades as a possible mechanism modulating the community structure in Neotropical bat assemblages. Our results suggest that decreasing overlap in functional traits between abundant species could promote coexistence with rare species that can buffer ecosystem function due to species loss.
Part two: an unblinded, parallel, randomized study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics of four Vuse Solo ENDS flavors in smokers
Authors: Keyser Brian M. , Hong Kyung Soo , DeLuca Patricia , Jin Tao , Jones Bobbette A. , Nelson Paul , Schmidt Eckhardt , Round Elaine K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report the findings from a randomized, parallel study designed to evaluate nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) following 10 min of ad libitum use of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) in four flavor variants. Subjects were randomized an investigational product (IP) and blood samples were collected for PK assessments during a test session. Primary endpoints were baseline-adjusted values of maximum plasma nicotine concentration (Cmax) and area under the nicotine concentration-vs-time curve up to 60 min (AUCnic0–60). Baseline-adjusted mean Cmax ranged from 6.53 to 8.21 ng/mL, and mean AUCnic0–60 ranged from 206.87 to 263.52 ng min/mL for all ENDS IPs. Results of geometric mean Cmax and AUCnic0–60 values were within 95% confidence intervals (CI) among the ENDS IP flavor variants tested.
Identification and genetic diversity analysis of high-yielding charcoal rot resistant soybean genotypes
Authors: Amrate Pawan K. , Shrivastava M. K. , Bhale M. S. , Agrawal Nisha , Kumawat Giriraj , Shivakumar M. , Nataraj Vennampally 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCharcoal rot disease caused byMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean in India. During 2018, 226 diverse soybean genotypes were evaluated for genetic resistance under hot-spot conditions. Out of them, a subset of 151 genotypes were selected based on Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) and better agronomic performance. Out of these 151 genotypes evaluated during 2019, 43 genotypes were selected based on PDI and superior agronomic performance for further field evaluation and molecular characterization. During 2020 and 2021, these forty-three genotypes, were evaluated for PDI, Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and grain yield. In 2020, genotype JS 20-20 showed least PDI (0.42) and AUDPC (9.37).Highest grain yield was recorded by the genotype JS 21-05 (515.00 g). In 2021, genotype JS 20-20 exhibited least PDI (0.00) and AUDPC (0.00).Highest grain yield was recorded in JS 20-98 (631.66 g). Across both years, JS 20-20 had the least PDI (0.21) and AUDPC (4.68), while grain yield was highest in JS 20-98 (571.67 g). Through MGIDI (multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance) analysis, JS 21-05 (G19), JS 22-01 (G43), JS 20-98 (G28) and JS 20-20 (G21) were identified as the ideotypes with respect to the traits that were evaluated. Two unique alleles, Satt588 (100 bp) on linkage group K (Chromosome no 9) and Sat_218 (200 bp) on linkage group H (Chromosome no 12), were specific for thetwo resistant genotypes JS 21-71and DS 1318, respectively. Through cluster analysis, it was observed that the genotypes bred at Jabalpur were more genetically related.
Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and prediction analysis of urban air quality in China
Authors: Du Yuanfang , You Shibing , Liu Weisheng , Basang Tsering-xiao , Zhang Miao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo describe the spatiotemporal variations characteristics and future trends of urban air quality in China, this study evaluates the spatiotemporal evolution features and linkages between the air quality index (AQI) and six primary pollution indicators, using air quality monitoring data from 2014 to 2022. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and random forest (RF) models are created to forecast air quality. (1) The study’s findings indicate that pollution levels and air quality index values in Chinese cities decline annually, following a “U”-shaped pattern with a monthly variation. The pollutant levels are high in winter and low in spring, and low in summer and rising in the fall (O3 shows the opposite). (2) The spatial distribution of air quality in Chinese cities is low in the southeast and high in the northwest, and low in the coastal areas and higher in the inland areas. The correlation coefficients between AQI and the pollutant concentrations are as follows: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) values are correlated at 0.89, 0.84, 0.54, 0.54, 0.32, and 0.056, respectively. (3) In terms of short-term AQI predictions, the RF model performs better than the SARIMA model. The long-term forecast indicates that the average AQI value in Chinese cities is expected to decrease by 0.32 points in 2032 compared to the 2022 level of 52.95. This study has some guiding significance for the analysis and prediction of urban air quality.
Joint blind reconstruction of cyclic codes and self‐synchronous scramblers
Authors: Ding Yong , Huang Zhiping , Zhou Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe inverse analysis of the intercepted signals to reconstruct the communication scheme used by the transmitter is a key problem in the non‐cooperative context. In this paper, the problem of blind reconstruction of cyclic codes and self‐synchronous scramblers is considered. There is no existing solution to this problem. To solve this problem, a joint blind reconstruction method for cyclic codes and self‐synchronous scramblers is proposed in this paper. A lemma is proposed and proved theoretically that the maximum common factor of the inverse polynomial of the polynomial form of the dual vectors of the self‐synchronous scrambled bit matrix is the product of the parity polynomial of the cyclic code and the feedback polynomial of the self‐synchronous scrambler. Using this lemma, the joint blind reconstruction of the cyclic code and the self‐synchronous scrambler is completed. Finally, a Gaussian elimination based on random column exchange and soft information (GERCESI) method is proposed, which can apply the proposed method to a noisy environment. Simulations prove that the fault‐tolerance performance of the GERCESI method proposed in this paper is at least 0.5 dB higher than that of the GJETP method.
Highly transferable adversarial attack against deep‐reinforcement‐learning‐based frequency control
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Liu Yang , Qiu Peng , Yin Hongyan , Wan Xu , Sun Mingyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the increase in inverter‐based renewable energy resources, the complexity and uncertainty of low‐carbon power systems have increased significantly. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL)–based approaches have been extensively studied for frequency control to overcome the limitations of traditional model‐based approaches. The goal of DRL‐based methods for primary frequency control is to minimise load shedding while satisfying frequency safety requirements, thereby reducing control costs. However, the vulnerabilities of DRL models pose new security threats to power systems. These threats have not been identified and addressed in the existing literature. Therefore, here, a series of vulnerability assessment methods are proposed for DRL‐based frequency control with a focus on the under‐frequency load shedding (UFLS) problem. Three adversarial sample production methods are designed with different optimisation directions: Q‐value‐based FGSM (Q‐FGSM), action‐based JSMA (A‐JSMA), and state‐action‐based CW (SA‐CW). Furthermore, combining the advantages of the above three attack methods, a hybrid adversarial attack algorithm is designed, Q‐value‐state‐action‐based mix (QSA‐MIX), to significantly affect the decision process of the DRL model. In case studies of the IEEE39 bus system, the proposed attack methods had a severe impact on system operation and control. In particular, the high attack transferability of the proposed attack algorithms in a black‐box setting provides further evidence that the vulnerability of current DRL‐based control schemes is prevalent.
FU Orionis disk outburst: Evidence for a gravitational instability scenario triggered in a magnetically dead zone
Authors: Bourdarot G. , Berger J.-P. , Lesur G. , Perraut K. , Malbet F. , Millan-Gabet R. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Garcia-Lopez R. , Monnier J. D. , Labdon A. , Kraus S. , Labadie L. , Aarnio A. 
Published: June 2023

Context. FUors outbursts are a crucial stage of accretion in young stars. However, a complete mechanism at the origin of the outburst still remains missing.
Aims. We aim to constrain the instability mechanism in the star FU Orionis itself by directly probing the size and evolution in time of the outburst region with near-infrared (NIR) interferometry, and to confront it with physical models of this region.
Methods. As the prototype of the FUors class of objects, FU Orionis has been a regular target of NIR interferometry. In this paper, we analyze more than 20 years of NIR interferometric observations to perform a temporal monitoring of the region of the outburst, and compare it to the spatial structure deduced from 1D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.
Results. We measure from the interferometric observations that the size variation of the outburst region is compatible with a constant or slightly decreasing size over time: -0.56-0.36+0.14 AU/100 yr and -0.30-0.19+0.19 AU/100 yr in the H and K bands, respectively. The temporal variation and the mean size probed by NIR interferometry are consistently reproduced by our 1D MHD simulations. We find that the most compatible scenario is a model of an outburst occurring in a magnetically layered disk, where a magneto-rotational instability (MRI) is triggered by a gravitational instability (GI) at the outer edge of a dead zone. The scenario of a pure thermal instability (TI) fails to reproduce our interferometric sizes because it can only be sustained in a very compact zone of the disk <0.1 AU. The comparison between the data and the MRI-GI models favors MHD parameters of αMRI = 10−2, TMRI = 800 K, and Σcrit = 10 g cm−2, with more work needed in terms of observations and modeling in order to improve the precision of these values. Locally, in the very inner part of the disk, TI can be triggered in addition to MRI-GI, which qualitatively better matches our observation but is not strongly constrained by the currently available data. The scenario of MRI-GI could be compatible with an external perturbation that enhances the GI, such as tidal interaction with a stellar companion, or a planet at the outer edge of the dead zone.
Conclusions. We favor a layered-disk model driven by MRI turbulence in order to explain the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the outburst region on FU Orionis. Understanding this phase will provide a crucial link between the early phase of disk evolution and the process of planet formation in the first inner astronomical units.
Sehnenrupturen an der entzündlich rheumatischen Hand
– Bewährtes und Neues im operativen Umgang
Authors: Arnold Ingo 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie verbesserten medikamentösen Möglichkeiten einer nachhaltigen
Entzündungskontrolle hat im Bereich der Hand zu einem deutlichen
Rückgang notwendiger rheumaorthopädischer Operationen im
Zusammenhang mit Sehnenrupturen geführt. Ausgehend von einer
ungefähren Remissionsrate von 55–60% bei RA Patienten
besteht dennoch weiterhin die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen Kontrolle
insbesondere auch der Sehnen im Bereich von Händen und
Füßen, auch weil einzelne Gelenke sich gegenüber
ansonsten systemisch gut wirksamen Remissionsinduktoren als
therapierefraktär erweisen können („rebellisches
Gelenk“). Durch eine Verbesserung primärer Sehnennahttechniken
z. B. durch eine Erhöhung der Anzahl an Kernnähten
(Stränge) haben sich auch bei Rheumapatienten die Möglichkeiten
einer direkten Reparatur optimiert. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle handelt es
sich allerdings um protrahierte Verläufe mit postprimären
Sehnenrupturen, sodaß die Defektsituation dann keine primäre
Naht mehr zuläßt und profunde Kentnisse im Umgang mit
Sehenkopplungs- und Transfertechniken erfordert. Im Bereich der
Beugesehnenchirurgie sollte der Rheumaorthopäde zukünftig von
den jüngeren Erfahrungen aus der Handchirurgie hinsichtlich neuer
Nahttechniken und frühfunktioneller Nachbehandlungskonzepte profitieren
können.
Expert Review on Contemporary Management of Common Benign Pleural Effusions
Authors: Porcel José M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and cirrhosis are frequently associated with pleural effusions (PEs). Despite their apparently benign nature, both HF-related effusions and hepatic hydrothorax (HH) have poor prognosis because they represent an advanced stage of the disease. Optimization of medical therapy in these two entities involve not only the use of diuretics, but also other pharmacological therapies. For instance, all HF patients with reduced or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction can benefit from angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors, beta blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Conversely, it is better for HH patients to avoid nonselective beta blockers. Refractory cardiac- and cirrhosis-related PEs are commonly managed by iterative therapeutic thoracentesis. When repeated aspirations are needed, thereby diminishing quality of life, the insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) may be warranted. However, in selected HH patients who are diuretic-resistant or diuretic-intractable, placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts should be considered as a bridge to liver transplantation, whereas in transplant candidates the role of IPC is debatable. Another benign condition, pleural tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health problem in developing countries. Diagnostic certainty is still a concern due to the paucibacillary nature of the infection, although the use of more sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests is becoming more widespread. Its treatment is the same as that of pulmonary TB, but the potential drug interactions between antiretroviral and anti-TB drugs in HIV-coinfected patients as well as the current recommended guidelines for the different types of anti-TB drugs resistance should be followed.
The Global Burden of Pleural Diseases
Authors: Vakil Erik , Taghizadeh Niloofar , Tremblay Alain 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPleural diseases include a spectrum of disorders broadly categorized into pneumothorax and pleural effusion. They often cause pain, breathlessness, cough, and reduced quality of life. The global burden of diseases reflects regional differences in conditions and exposures associated with pleural disease, such as smoking, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestos, cancer, and organ failure. Disease burden in high-income countries is overrepresented given the availability of data and disease burden in lower-income countries is likely underestimated. In the United States, in 2016, there were 42,215 treat-and-discharge visits to the emergency room for pleural diseases and an additional 361,270 hospitalizations, resulting in a national cost of $10.1 billion.
Adaptive agency: the satire genre and the motives behind its use in the era of social media in China
Authors: Xi Yipeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnlike previous studies analyzing the effect of being exposed to satire, this study adopts a meta-discursive approach to explore the generic features of Chinese satire and the underlying motives and reference frames behind satire use. Drawing on the satire scripts collected from 33 stand-up comedians, I integrated computer-aided topic modeling, discursive historical analysis, and semi-structured interviews to examine how the satirical target is constructed as well as the rationales behind the uses of satire. My findings suggest that most of the Chinese satire analyzed is related to micropolitics in personal social circles, such as gender norms, parent-child relationships, and employment conflicts. These satirical thoughts originate from the satirist’s aversion to inconsistency between words and actions, the release of past trauma, and the performative presentation of morality. I further argue that these reference frames consistently manifest an adaptive agency that satirists simultaneously adapt to the rules while also reestablishing norms in an unconventional way.
Transfer-learned potential energy surfaces: Toward microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations in the gas phase at CCSD(T) quality
Authors: Käser Silvan , Meuwly Markus 
Published: June 2023

The rise of machine learning has greatly influenced the field of computational chemistry and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in particular. One of its most exciting prospects is the development of accurate, full-dimensional potential energy surfaces (PESs) for molecules and clusters, which, however, often require thousands to tens of thousands of ab initio data points restricting the community to medium sized molecules and/or lower levels of theory (e.g., density functional theory). Transfer learning, which improves a global PES from a lower to a higher level of theory, offers a data efficient alternative requiring only a fraction of the high-level data (on the order of 100 are found to be sufficient for malonaldehyde). This work demonstrates that even with Hartree–Fock theory and a double-zeta basis set as the lower level model, transfer learning yields coupled-cluster single double triple [CCSD(T)]-level quality for H-transfer barrier energies, harmonic frequencies, and H-transfer tunneling splittings. Most importantly, finite-temperature molecular dynamics simulations on the sub-μs time scale in the gas phase are possible and the infrared spectra determined from the transfer-learned PESs are in good agreement with the experiment. It is concluded that routine, long-time atomistic simulations on PESs fulfilling CCSD(T)-standards become possible.