bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of correlation between the parasite density and clinical profile of malaria
Authors: Meghwal Badrilal , Bhagora Abhishek , Bhagora Ankit 
Published: May 2023

Malaria, an infectious disease caused by protozoans of the genus Plasmodium, continues to be a serious global health problem. Typically, a higher parasite count is associated with a more severe infection and increased mortality. Delay in diagnosis and treatment also contributes to the mortality. In India, transmission of malaria is low and seasonal.Due to this unstable endemicity of the disease, we hypothesized that in our patients with malaria, morbidity and mortality will occur at lower parasitaemia levels compared to highly endemic areas. Therefore, we conducted this study at our tertiary care centre to find out correlation between parasite density and clinical profile of malaria. This observational, hospital based, cross- sectional study was carried out to find the correlation between parasite density and clinical profile of malaria in department of Pediatrics, Maharana Bhupal Government hospital, Udaipur for one year (April 21 to March 2022) duration. A total of 96 children aged 1 month to 18 years of age were enrolled. The most common presenting feature was fever (100%) followed by nausea and vomiting (68.8%) followed by headache (43.7%), jaundice (31.3%) and pain abdomen (29.2%). 60.4% patients had parasite density of less than 50,000 followed by 20.8% with below 1 lakh parasite density, 14.6% with density between 1 to 2 lakhs and remaining with higher parasite density. Maximum parasite density (more than 1 lakh/µl) was observed among P. falciparum patients, followed by mixed infection (1-2 lakhs/µl) patients. Correlation of clinical profile and parasite density revealed that as the parasite density increased there was increased in number of patients with headache, impaired consciousness, convulsions, and oliguria. High parasite density was associated with severe clinical illness and deranged laboratory parameters. As parasite density is very sensitive index, preparation of good quality peripheral blood film and proper assessment (parasite density) can help to assess the disease severity and outcome. High parasitaemia can be prevented by general measures in the form of proper education, good sanitation, and good awareness about the use of anti-larval activity.
Adverse Drug Reactions of Antiepileptic Drugs in Neurology Department of M.Y.H Indore, India: An Observational, Prospective Study
Authors: Hussain Saman , Kushwah Anjali , Verma Archana , Mishra Pooja Solanki , Sindhwani Kashish 
Published: May 2023

Background: Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disorder that affects 1 percent of global population. Since antiepileptics have narrow therapeutic index having multiple adverse drug reactions (ADRs) thus have significant safety concerns. The aim of this study was to observe adverse drug reactions due to antiepileptics in neurology department M.Y.H. Indore, India.
Methods: An observational prospective study was done from November 2021 to January 2022. Patients having history of seizures attending neurology outpatient department at MYH Hospital, who were on antiepileptic drugs were recruited. Suspected adverse drug reaction forms were recorded and their causality assessment was done by Naranjo’s scale.
Results: Data of total 70 patients were recorded. Males reporting ADRs due to antiepileptics were 67.1% and females 32.8%. Using Naranjo’s scale, we noted 93.3% ADRs as “probable” and 6.7% as “possible”. Common causes of prescribing antiepileptic drugs were known case of epilepsy (78.5%),old case of neurocysticercosis (11.4%),post traumatic(4.3%),gliosis (2.8%) and tuberculoma (2.8%) .Most ADRs were dermatological 76% (rashes),central nervous system (16%) (nocturnal enuresis, poor school performance, dizziness, headache, sleep disturbances, personality changes) ,Gastrointestinal (8%) (gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting and hepatotoxicity) .Most common drug for causing ADRs were sodium valproate(58.5%),carbamazepine(17.14%),phenytoin(14.2%),leviteracetam(7.1%),and lamotrigine(2.8%).
Conclusion: Our study aimed us to know the incidence and patterns of adverse drug reactions due to antiepileptics in a tertiary care institute of central India. Despite of recent advances and novel therapies used for the treatment of epilepsy, conventional drugs like sodium valproate, phenytoin and carbamazepine still are the first choice for the management and treatment of seizures and their ADRs are very common.
Development of Chhana Spread by Incorporating Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Leaves Extract as a Source of Antioxidants and Phenolics
Authors: Singh Brajapal , Yadav M.P.S. , Yadav Pooja , Prakash Ved , Rai Dinesh Chandra , Rathaur Aman 
Published: May 2023

Background: Herbs are abundantly grown throughout India's numerous states, which encourages the development of herbs-infused products that provide health advantages in addition to flavour and taste for functional dairy products. Hence, the present study was undertaken to develop functional chhana spread by using moringa leaves extractions as a source of antioxidants and phenolics. Methods: The chhana spread was formulated with moringa leaves extractions at different incorporation levels of 4%, 6%, and 8% and compared with control. The developed moringa chhana spread was investigated for its sensory characteristics, physico-chemical, antioxidant and phenolic properties. Result: The moringa leaves extraction with 6% incorporation level in chhana showed higher overall acceptability than others. Among the physico-chemical properties, there were no significant differences in moisture and lactose percentage between control and treated groups. As extraction levels in the chhana increased, protein, fat and ash percentages were significantly increased. Antioxidants and phenolic contents were found significantly higher in 8% of moringa leaves extraction group and lowest was found in control group. Consequently, moringa leaves extract could be used as a natural antioxidant and phenolic ingredient to develop a novel chhana spread.
Model HOT-Fit Pada Analisa Faktor- Faktor Penggunaan E-Commerce Berbasis Android
Authors: Lusiana Dewi , Nilogiri Agung 
Published: May 2023

E-Commerce is beneficial for micro, small and medium enterprises in selling their products. Initially, sales were only made offline; now, they can be done online. The HOT (Human, Organization, Technology) Fit Evaluation Framework is used to evaluate Android-based micro, small and medium business E-Commerce applications. This study analyzes the effect of service quality on user satisfaction and the effect of user satisfaction and organization on net benefits. It is to provide information about the level of perceptions of Android-based E-Commerce users in its implementation.
The results of data analysis were conducted using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The quality of Service (KL) of Android-based e-commerce significantly affects User Satisfaction (KP). The coefficient value is 0.760, and the CR is 6,780 more than the required critical value of 1.96. It indicates that Service Quality has a significant effect on User Satisfaction. User Satisfaction has a significant effect on Net Benefits. The coefficient value is 0.492, and the CR is 5.511, more than the required critical value of 1.96. It states that User Satisfaction has a significant effect on Net Benefit. Organizational structure has a significant effect on Net Benefit. The coefficient value is 0.547, and the CR of 5.246 is more than the required critical value of 1.96. It means that the Organizational Structure has a significant effect on Net Benefit.

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Ictogenesis Proceeds Through Discrete Phases in Hippocampal CA1 Seizures
Authors: Mueller John-Sebastian , Tescarollo Fabio , Huynh Trong , Brenner Daniel , Valdivia Daniel , Olagbegi Kanyin , Sangappa Sahana , Chen Spencer , Sun Hai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous non-provoked seizures, yet the mechanisms that trigger a seizure and allow its evolution remain underexplored. To dissect out phases implicated in the development of a seizure, we evoked hypersynchronous activity with optogenetic stimulation. Focal optogenetic activation of putative excitatory neurons in the mouse hippocampal CA1 reliably evoked convulsive seizures in awake mice. A novel time-vs-time “pulsogram” plot characterized the evolution of the EEG pulse response from a light evoked response to induced seizure activity. Our results depict ictogenesis as a stepwiseprocess comprised of three distinctive phases demarcated by two transition points. The induction phase undergoes the first transition to reverberant phase activity, followed by the second transition into the paroxysmal phase or a seizure. Non-seizure responses are confined to either induction or reverberant phases, suggesting ictogenesis can be stopped at these stages, thus offering novel therapeutic perspectives to abort a seizure before it develops.
Global dynamics and bifurcations of Filippov SIR epidemic model with general nonlinear transmission and discontinuous control
Authors: Li Wenjie , Li Guodong , Cao Jinde , Huang Lihong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the global dynamic behavior and bifurcations of a classical nonlinear transmission SIR epidemic model with discontinuous threshold strategy. Different from previous results, we not only consider the general nonlinear transmission, but also adopt the discontinuity control. First, the positivity and boundedness of the model are given. Second, by employing Lyapunov LaSalle approach and using Green Theorem, we perform the globally stable the three types of equilibria of the system. We analytically show the orbit can tend to the disease-free equilibrium point, the endemic equilibrium point or the sliding equilibrium point in discontinuous surfaces of the system. In addition, we also analyze the sliding bifurcations of the model when consider the special transmission. Finally, some numerical simulations are worked out to confirm the results obtained in this paper.
Hybrid numerical method for solving singularly perturbed partial delay reaction-diffusion problem with integral boundary condition
Authors: Wondimu Getu Mekonnen , Duressa Gemechis File , Woldaregay Mesfin Mekuria , Dinka Tekle Gemechu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the numerical method for solving singularly perturbed partial delay differential equations with integral boundary conditions. Due to a small perturbation parameter acted on the higher derivative, solution of the problem exhibit a boundary layers at left and right end plane of the domain. An interior layer is also formed because of the presence of large delay on the space variable. A hybrid numerical method is proposed in the spatial direction, and an implicit Euler method is used in temporal direction. The proposed hybrid scheme constitute of cubic spline method in the boundary layer region and a classical finite difference method in the outer layer region. The integral boundary condition is treated using Simpson’s 1/3 rule. The uniform stability and convergence analysis for the proposed scheme is studied. The developed method is uniformly convergent with second-order in space and first-order in time. Two numerical test examples are considered to validate a theoretical result. The numerical results are in agreement with the theoretical estimations.
MSC Classification: 65M06 , 65M12 , 65M22 , 65M25
Impact of specialist ataxia centres on health service resource utilisation and costs across Europe: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Morris Steve , Vallortigara Julie , Greenfield Julie , Hunt Barry , Hoffman Deborah , Reinhard Carola , Graessner Holm , Federico Antonio , Quoidbach Vinciane , Giunti Paola 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Little is known about the costs of treating ataxia and whether treatment at a specialist ataxia centre affects the cost of care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients who attended specialist ataxia centres in three European countries reported differences in their health care use and costs compared with patients who did not attend a specialist ataxia centre. We compared mean resource use and health service costs per patient affected by ataxia in the United Kingdom, Italy and Germany over a 12-month period. Data were obtained from a survey distributed to people with ataxia in the three countries. We compared mean resource use for each contact type and costs, stratifying patients by whether they were currently attending a specialist ataxia centre or had never attended one.Results Responses were received from 181 patients from the United Kingdom, 96 from Italy and 43 from Germany. Differences in the numbers of contacts for most types of health service use between the specialist ataxia centre and non-specialist ataxia centre groups were non-significant. In the United Kingdom the mean total cost per patient was €2209 for non-specialist ataxia centre patients and €1813 for specialist ataxia centre patients (P = 0.59). In Italy these figures were €2126 and €1971, respectively (P = 0.84). In Germany they were €2431 and €4087, respectively (P = 0.19). Inpatient stays made the largest contribution to total costs.Conclusions Within each country, resource use and costs were broadly similar for specialist ataxia centre and non-specialist ataxia centre groups. There were differences between countries in terms of health care contacts and costs.
Multifunctional regulation of NADPH oxidase in growth, microsclerotia formation and virulence in Metarhizium rileyi
Authors: Fan Liqin , Lin Yunlong , Li Xinxin , Wang Jiahui , Ma Feilong , Du Fang , lin Yunlong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Microsclerotia (MS), the anti-stress structures produced by many filamentous fungi, have been proved to be a great substitute for conidia in production of insecticides in entomogenous fungi. NADPH oxidase (Nox) constitutes ROS-response protein family widespread in eukaryotes and plays distinct roles in environmental fitness among various filamentous fungi. However, it is not clear whether Nox is required in the pathogenicity and formation of MS in insect pathogenic fungi. In this study, we reported the presence of NADPH oxidase homologs, which contain three different subunits (NoxAp/NoxBp catalytic subunit and NoxRp regulatory subunit), and further showed biological function in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium rileyi. Three Nox genes all showed high expression levels in the entire process of MS formation. Targeted deletion of MrNoxA, MrNoxB and MrNoxR all led to a decrease in MS yield and impaired morphology. Moreover, our anti-adversity results showed that they are indispensable to regulate the growth, tolerate the osmotic pressure and oxidative stress in Metarhizium rileyi. Most importantly, △MrNoxR and △MrNoxA but not △MrNoxB showed a dramatic reduction in virulence via inoculation. The normality of appressoria was impervious since there are no striking differences in virulence compared with WT and all mutants by topical injections. In general, our results revealed that NADPH oxidase may be involved in growth regulation, MS formation and pathogenicity by regulating the ROS metabolism and hyphal polarity.
Prevalence, outcome and factors associated with dysglycemia among critically ill children presenting to Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital: A cross sectional study
Authors: kyomugisa Beatrice , Kiguli Sarah , Piloya Thereza , Oriokot Lorraine , Rujumba Joseph , Munube Deogratious 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Dysglycemia has been shown to influence outcome among critically ill children. We aimed to determine the prevalence, outcome and factors associated with dysglycemia among critically ill children aged one month to 12 years presenting to Fort Portal regional referral hospital.Methods The study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design for prevalence and factors associated, and longitudinal observational study design to determine the immediate outcome. Critically ill children aged one month to 12 years were systematically sampled and triaged at outpatient department using World Health Organization emergency signs. The random blood glucose was evaluated on admission and at 24 hours. Verbal and written informed consent/assent were obtained after stabilization of the study participants. Those that had hypoglycemia were given Dextrose 10% and those with hyperglycemia had no intervention.Results Of the 384 critically ill children, dysglycemia was present in 21.7% (n = 83), of those 78.3% (n = 65) had hypoglycemia and 21.7% (n = 18) had hyperglycemia. The proportion of dysglycemia at 24 hours was 2.4% (n = 2). None of the study participants had persistent hypoglycemia at 24 hours. The cumulative mortality at 48hours was 3.6% (n = 3). At 48 hours 33.2% (n = 27) had stable blood glucose levels and were discharged from the hospital. After multiple logistic regression, obstructed breathing (AOR 0.07(0.02–0.23), inability to breastfeed/drink (AOR 2.40 (1.17–4.92) and active convulsions (AOR 0.21 (0.06–0.74), were the factors that were significantly associated with dysglycemia among critically ill children. The results will guide in the revision of policies and treatment protocols to facilitate better management of children at risk of dysglycemia nationally.Conclusions Dysglycemia was found to affect one in five critically ill children aged one month to 12 years presenting to Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. Dysglycemia outcomes are good with early intervention.
Variability and harshness shape flexible strategy-use, support for the Constrained Flexibility Framework
Authors: Pope-Caldwell Sarah , Deffner Dominik , Maurits Luke , Neumann Terrence , Haun Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Human cognition is incredibly flexible, allowing us to thrive within diverse environments. However, humans also tend to stick to familiar strategies, even when there are better solutions available. How do we exhibit flexibility in some contexts, yet inflexibility in others? The Constrained Flexibility Framework (CFF) proposes that cognitive flexibility is shaped by variability, predictability, and harshness within decision-making environments. The CFF asserts that high elective flexibility (switching away from a working strategy) is maladaptive in stable or predictably variable environments, but adaptive in unpredictable environments, so long as harshness is low. Here we provide evidence for the CFF using a decision-making task completed by 100 English-speaking adults. In line with the CFF, we found that elective flexibility was suppressed in Stable Not Harsh, Stable Harsh, and Variable Harsh conditions compared to the Variable Not Harsh condition. Our results highlight the need to study how cognitive flexibility adapts to diverse contexts.
Palliative stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy reirradiation for high volume head and neck cancer
Authors: Kawasaki Murilo Kenji , Prado Diogo Dias do , Fonseca Diego de Souza Lima , Morato Leonardo de Faria , Altei Wanessa Fernanda , Dams Ritchell van , Chin Robert , Jacinto Alexandre Arthur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Treatment of advanced head and neck cancer (AHNC) has been a substantial challenge for decades, where approximately 50% of AHNC patients will experience locoregional recurrence or metastatic disease after primary treatment. Surgical resection is the preferred strategy in the setting of locoregional recurrence and is associated with better overall survival (OS) when compared with non-surgical strategies. Here we evaluate the role of stereotatic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) as a last line strategy for head and neck cancer (HNC) reirradiation.
Methods
a retrospective review was conducted for HNC patients who underwent reirradiation with SABR from January 2017 to December 2019. All patients were classified as unresectable/inoperable by tumor board and unsuitable to receive chemotherapy due to poor performance status (PS) and/or significant comorbidities. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate locoregional control (LRC), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) endpoints.
Results
Sixty-two patients were eligible for this retrospective analysis. The mean and median gross tumor volume (GTV) were 125.5cc and 75.5cc, respectively. The mean follow up was 9.26 months. The 1- and 2-year OS was 24.0% and 13.3%, respectively, with a median survival time of 6.8 months. The 1-year PFS was 33.6% with a median PFS of 7.7 months. The 1-year LRC was 46.4% with a median LRC of 8.9 months. Univariate and multivariate analysis for PFS demonstrated that mean volume (125.5cc) and an advanced N staging grouping (N ≥ 3) were potential prognostic factors. Three patients developed grade 4 skin necrosis, no other grade 4 toxicity occurred.
Conclusion
Our data shows that 5-fraction SABR is a promising strategy for last line AHNC reirradiation. Small volumes were strongly associated with overall survival, but even larger tumors can be well controlled. Toxicity seems to be acceptable. Future prospective studies are needed to better understand which patients benefit the most from this treatment.
Trial registration:
Retrospectively registered.