bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cellular water exchange in a mouse glioma model using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with two flip angles
Authors: Kiser Karl , Zhang Jin , Das Ayesha Bharadwaj , Tranos James A. , Wadghiri Youssef Zaim , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis manuscript aims to evaluate the robustness and significance of the water efflux rate constant (kio) parameter estimated using the two flip-angle Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI approach with a murine glioblastoma model at 7 T. The repeatability of contrast kinetic parameters and kio measurement was assessed by a test–retest experiment (n = 7). The association of kio with cellular metabolism was investigated through DCE-MRI and FDG-PET experiments (n = 7). Tumor response to a combination therapy of bevacizumab and fluorouracil (5FU) monitored by contrast kinetic parameters and kio (n = 10). Test–retest experiments demonstrated compartmental volume fractions (ve and vp) remained consistent between scans while the vascular functional measures (Fp and PS) and kio showed noticeable changes, most likely due to physiological changes of the tumor. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of tumors has a linear correlation with kio (R2 = 0.547), a positive correlation with Fp (R2 = 0.504), and weak correlations with ve (R2 = 0.150), vp (R2 = 0.077), PS (R2 = 0.117), Ktrans (R2 = 0.088) and whole tumor volume (R2 = 0.174). In the treatment study, the kio of the treated group was significantly lower than the control group one day after bevacizumab treatment and decreased significantly after 5FU treatment compared to the baseline. This study results support the feasibility of measuring kio using the two flip-angle DCE-MRI approach in cancer imaging.
Sunsetting Binding MOAD with its last data update and the addition of 3D-ligand polypharmacology tools
Authors: Wagle Swapnil , Smith Richard D. , Dominic Anthony J. , DasGupta Debarati , Tripathi Sunil Kumar , Carlson Heather A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBinding MOAD is a database of protein–ligand complexes and their affinities with many structured relationships across the dataset. The project has been in development for over 20 years, but now, the time has come to bring it to a close. Currently, the database contains 41,409 structures with affinity coverage for 15,223 (37%) complexes. The website BindingMOAD.org provides numerous tools for polypharmacology exploration. Current relationships include links for structures with sequence similarity, 2D ligand similarity, and binding-site similarity. In this last update, we have added 3D ligand similarity using ROCS to identify ligands which may not necessarily be similar in two dimensions but can occupy the same three-dimensional space. For the 20,387 different ligands present in the database, a total of 1,320,511 3D-shape matches between the ligands were added. Examples of the utility of 3D-shape matching in polypharmacology are presented. Finally, plans for future access to the project data are outlined.
Spectro-temporal acoustic elements of music interact in an integrated way to modulate emotional responses in pigs
Authors: Zapata Cardona Juliana , Ceballos Maria Camila , Tarazona Morales Ariel Marcel , David Jaramillo Edimer , de Jesús Rodríguez Berardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMusic is a complex stimulus, with various spectro-temporal acoustic elements determining one of the most important attributes of music, the ability to elicit emotions. Effects of various musical acoustic elements on emotions in non-human animals have not been studied with an integrated approach. However, this knowledge is important to design music to provide environmental enrichment for non-human species. Thirty-nine instrumental musical pieces were composed and used to determine effects of various acoustic parameters on emotional responses in farm pigs. Video recordings (n = 50) of pigs in the nursery phase (7–9 week old) were gathered and emotional responses induced by stimuli were evaluated with Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA). Non-parametric statistical models (Generalized Additive Models, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and XGBoost) were applied and compared to evaluate relationships between acoustic parameters and pigs’ observed emotional responses. We concluded that musical structure affected emotional responses of pigs. The valence of modulated emotions depended on integrated and simultaneous interactions of various spectral and temporal structural components of music that can be readily modified. This new knowledge supports design of musical stimuli to be used as environmental enrichment for non-human animals.
Crystal electric field level scheme leading to giant magnetocaloric effect for hydrogen liquefaction
Authors: Terada Noriki , Mamiya Hiroaki , Saito Hiraku , Nakajima Taro , Yamamoto Takafumi D. , Terashima Kensei , Takeya Hiroyuki , Sakai Osamu , Itoh Shinichi , Takano Yoshihiko , Hase Masashi , Kitazawa Hideaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, magnetic refrigeration has attracted considerable attention for hydrogen liquefaction. Most materials used for magnetic refrigeration contain heavy rare earth ions with complex crystalline electric field energy splittings, whose effect on the magnetic entropy change ΔSM has not been systematically studied. In particular, the theoretical upper limits of ∣ΔSM∣ for general heavy earth cases are unknown. Here, we show that the crystalline electric field level schemes result in a large ΔSM for general heavy rare earth cases. We provide a specific example of the magnetic refrigeration material HoB2 using inelastic neutron scattering experiments combined with mean-field calculations with crystal field splitting and exchange interactions. The relationship between ΔSM and crystal field parameters presented in this study can be useful for developing compounds with a large ∣ΔSM∣ and advancing the design of magnetic refrigeration materials.
Astrocytes regulate inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling
Authors: Andersen Jens V. , Schousboe Arne , Wellendorph Petrine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSynaptic regulation of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is essential for brain function. Cerebral GABA homeostasis is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms and is directly coupled to the metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. In this essay, we outline and discuss the fundamental roles of astrocytes in regulating synaptic GABA signaling. A major fraction of synaptic GABA is removed from the synapse by astrocytic uptake. Astrocytes utilize GABA as a metabolic substrate to support glutamine synthesis. The astrocyte-derived glutamine is subsequently transferred to neurons where it serves as the primary precursor of neuronal GABA synthesis. The flow of GABA and glutamine between neurons and astrocytes is collectively termed the GABA-glutamine cycle and is essential to sustain GABA synthesis and inhibitory signaling. In certain brain areas, astrocytes are even capable of synthesizing and releasing GABA to modulate inhibitory transmission. The majority of oxidative GABA metabolism in the brain takes place in astrocytes, which also leads to synthesis of the GABA-related metabolite γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The physiological roles of endogenous GHB remain unclear, but may be related to regulation of tonic inhibition and synaptic plasticity. Disrupted inhibitory signaling and dysfunctional astrocyte GABA handling are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Synaptic GABA homeostasis is under astrocytic control and astrocyte GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling may therefore serve as relevant targets to ameliorate pathological inhibitory signaling.
Multimodal Development in Children's Narrative Speech: Evidence for Tight Gesture–Speech Temporal Alignment Patterns as Early as 5 Years Old
Authors: Florit-Pons Júlia , Vilà-Giménez Ingrid , Rohrer Patrick Louis , Prieto Pilar 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
This study aims to analyze the development of gesture–speech temporal alignment patterns in children's narrative speech from a longitudinal perspective and, specifically, the potential differences between different gesture types, namely, gestures that imagistically portray or refer to semantic content in speech (i.e., referential gestures) and those that lack semantic content (i.e., non-referential gestures).

Method:

This study uses an audiovisual corpus of narrative productions (
n
= 332) from 83 children (43 girls, 40 boys) who participated in a narrative retelling task at two time points in development (at 5–6 and 7–9 years of age). The 332 narratives were coded for both manual co-speech gesture types and prosody. Gestural annotations included gesture phasing (i.e., preparation, stroke, hold, and recovery) and gesture types (in terms of referentiality, i.e., referential and non-referential), whereas prosodic annotations included pitch-accented syllables.

Results:
Results revealed that by ages 5–6 years, children already temporally aligned the stroke of both referential and non-referential gestures with pitch-accented syllables, showing no significant differences between these two gesture types.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study contribute to the view that both referential and non-referential gestures are aligned with pitch accentuation, and therefore, this is not only a characteristic of non-referential gestures. Our results also add support to McNeill's phonological synchronization rule from a developmental perspective and indirectly back up recent theories about the biomechanics of gesture–speech alignment, suggesting that this is an inherent ability of oral communication.
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way
Authors: Just A. , Piskunov A. E. , Klos J. H. , Kovaleva D. A. , Polyachenko E. V. 
Published: February 2023

Aims. We built Galactic open star cluster mass functions (CMFs) for different age sub-samples and spatial locations in the wider solar neighbourhood. Here, we present a simple cluster formation and evolution model to reproduce the main features of the CMFs.
Methods. We used an unbiased working sample of 2227 clusters of the Milky Way Star Cluster (MWSC) catalogue, which occupy the heliocentric cylinders with magnitude-dependent completeness radii of 1–5 kpc. The MWSC survey provides an extended set of open star cluster parameters, including tidal radii, distances, and ages. From an analytic three-component Galaxy model, we derived tidal masses of clusters with a typical accuracy of about 70%. Our simple model includes a two-section cluster initial mass function, constant cluster formation rate, supervirial phase after a sudden expulsion of the remaining gas, and cluster mass loss due to stellar evolution and the clusters’ gradual destruction in the Galactic tidal field. The dynamical evolution model is based on previous N-body simulations.
Results. The obtained tidal masses have been added to the MWSC catalogue. A general CMF (GCMF), built for all cluster ages around the Sun, has a bell-like shape and extends over four decades in mass. The high-mass slope found for tidal mass log mt/M⊙ ≥ 2.3 is equal to 1.14 ± 0.07. The CMFs for different age groups show the same high-mass slopes, while the low-mass slope is nearly flat for the youngest sub-sample (clusters younger than 20 Myr) and about −0.7 for the others. The inner and outer sub-samples covering Galactocentric radii R = 4.2–8.1 kpc and 8.9–13.5 kpc, respectively, are consistent with the GCMF, once the exponential decline of the Galactic disc density is taken into account. The model suggests star formation with low efficiency of 15–20%, where only 10% of stars remain bound in a cluster after gas expulsion and subsequent violent relaxation. The cluster formation rate required to reproduce the observed distributions in age and mass is about 0.4 M⊙ pc−2 Gyr−1.
Conclusions. The obtained high-mass slope of the GCMF for the wide neighbourhood of the Sun is similar to slopes determined earlier in nearby galaxies for more luminous clusters with log m/M⊙ > 3.8. The MWSC catalogue supports models with a low star-formation efficiency, where 90% of stars are lost quickly after gas expulsion. The obtained cluster formation rate corresponds to open clusters’ contribution to the stellar content of the thin disc at the level of 30%.
Helios 2 observations of solar wind turbulence decay in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Sorriso-Valvo L. , Marino R. , Foldes R. , Lévêque E. , D’Amicis R. , Bruno R. , Telloni D. , Yordanova E. 
Published: February 2023

Aims. A linear scaling of the mixed third-order moment of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations is used to estimate the energy transfer rate of the turbulent cascade in the expanding solar wind.
Methods. In 1976, the Helios 2 spacecraft measured three samples of fast solar wind originating from the same coronal hole, at different distances from the Sun. Along with the adjacent slow solar wind streams, these intervals represent a unique database for studying the radial evolution of turbulence in samples of undisturbed solar wind. A set of direct numerical simulations of the MHD equations performed with the Lattice-Boltzmann code FLAME was also used for interpretation.
Results. We show that the turbulence energy transfer rate decays approximately as a power law of the distance and that both the amplitude and decay law correspond to the observed radial temperature profile in the fast wind case. Results from MHD numerical simulations of decaying MHD turbulence show a similar trend for the total dissipation, suggesting an interpretation of the observed dynamics in terms of decaying turbulence and that multi-spacecraft studies of the solar wind radial evolution may help clarify the nature of the evolution of the turbulent fluctuations in the ecliptic solar wind.
Jets in FR0 radio galaxies
Authors: Giovannini G. , Baldi R. D. , Capetti A. , Giroletti M. , Lico R. 
Published: February 2023

Context.The local radio-loud AGN population is dominated by compact sources named FR0s. These sources show features, for example the host type, the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH), and the multi-band nuclear characteristics, that are similar to those of FRI radio galaxies. However, in the radio band, while FR0 and FRI share the same nuclear properties, the kiloparsec-scale diffuse component dominant in FRI is missing in FR0s. Previous very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of a small sample of FR0s show a complex structure, mostly symmetric (two-sided jets) with respect to the central core.Aims.With this project we would like to study the parsec-scale structure in FR0s in comparison with that of FRI sources. Jets in FRI are relativistic on the parsec scale and decrease their velocity becoming subrelativistic on the kiloparsec scale. We would like to test whether this result also applies to the jets in FR0s or, alternatively, whether they are subrelativistic on the parsec scale. This might be the reason why they are unable to grow, because of instabilities, related to a low jet bulk velocity.Methods.To this end we observed 18 FR0 galaxies with the VLBA at 1.5 and 5 GHz and/or with the EVN at 1.7 GHz and produced detailed images at milliarcsec resolution of their nuclear emission to study the jet and core structure.Results.All sources have been detected but one. Four sources are unresolved, even in these high-resolution images; jets have been detected in all other sources. We derived the distribution of the jet-to-counter-jet ratio of FR0s and found that it is significantly different from that of FRIs, suggesting different jet bulk speed velocities.Conclusions.Combining the present data with published data of FR0 with VLBI observations, we derive that the radio structure of FR0 galaxies shows strong evidence that parsec-scale jets in FR0 sources are mildly relativistic with a bulk velocity on the order of 0.5c or less. A jet structure with a thin inner relativistic spine surrounded by a low-velocity sheath could be in agreement with the SMBH and jet launch region properties.
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of a Novel Drug Carrier
for the Controlled Release of Curcumin
Authors: Kasim Faseela , Nair Archana Somasekharan , Lalitha Balachandran Aswathy , Sooraj Moorikoval Parambil , Nair Anoop Somasekharan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe upsurge of cancer demands intense, rapid and effective intervention from the
scientific society. Even though nanoparticles helped achieving this, maintaining
its size without using toxic capping agents is challenging. Phytochemicals
having reducing properties is a proper substitute and the efficiency of such
nanoparticles could be further improved by grafting with suitable monomers. It
could be further protected from rapid biodegradation by coating with suitable
materials. This approach was utilized wherein, the green synthesized silver
nanoparticles (AgNps) were initially functionalized with –COOH to couple
with –NH2 groups of ethylene diamine. It was then coated with
polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrogen bonded with curcumin. The formed amide
bonds could effectively uptake drug molecules and sensed environmental pH.
Swelling studies and release profiles confirmed selective drug release. All
these results along with those obtained from MTT assay, suggested the potential
applicability of the prepared material in pH sensitive drug delivery of
curcumin.
The Effect on the Birth Process of Endogenous Oxytocin Release Via
Coitus at Home in Pregnant Women in the Latent Phase
Authors: Kurt Begum , Demirel Gulbahtiyar , Caglayan Ilkin Seda , Doganer Adem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to determine the effect of endogenous
oxytocin release via coitus at home on the delivery process in pregnant women
who were not hospitalized in the latent phase.
Background For healthy pregnant women who can deliver spontaneously, it is
recommended to be admitted to the delivery room during the active phase of
labor. When the pregnant woman is admitted to the delivery room in the latent
phase before the active stage, pregnant women spend more time in the delivery
room, which makes medical intervention inevitable.
Methods 112 pregnant women for whom hospitalization in the latent phase
was recommended were included in the randomized controlled study. They were
divided into two groups in which sexual activity in the latent phase was
recommended (n=56) and the control group (n=56).
Results In our study, the duration of the 1st stage of labor was found to
be significantly shorter in the group in which sexual activity in the latent
phase was recommended, compared to the control group (p=0.001). Again,
the need for amniotomy, labor induction with oxytocin, analgesics and episiotomy
decreased.
Conclusion Sexual activity can be considered as a natural way to speed up
labor, reduce medical interventions, and prevent postterm pregnancy.
Electrosynthesis of Flavanones via oxa-Michael Addition Using Sacrificial Electrodes
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Mendes Samuel R. , Santos William A. B. , de Castro Pedro P. , Xavier Fernando R. , Braga Antonio L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical synthesis of flavanones via oxa-Michael addition using silver electrode as a sacrifice is reported. This electrosynthetic system showed good yields, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. Additionally, the method proved to be applicable on a gram-scale. Several studies were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism, such as control reactions, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical studies, allowing the proposal of a plausible pathway for this transformation.
An Alternative Application of Natural Language Processing to Express a Characteristic Feature of Diseases in Japanese Medical Records
Authors: Yamanouchi Yoshinori , Nakamura Taishi , Ikeda Tokunori , Usuku Koichiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Owing to the linguistic situation, Japanese natural language processing (NLP) requires morphological analyses for word segmentation using dictionary techniques.
Objective We aimed to clarify whether it can be substituted with an open-end discovery-based NLP (OD-NLP), which does not use any dictionary techniques.
Methods Clinical texts at the first medical visit were collected for comparison of OD-NLP with word dictionary-based-NLP (WD-NLP). Topics were generated in each document using a topic model, which later corresponded to the respective diseases determined in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10 revision. The prediction accuracy and expressivity of each disease were examined in equivalent number of entities/words after filtration with either term frequency and inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) or dominance value (DMV).
Results In documents from 10,520 observed patients, 169,913 entities and 44,758 words were segmented using OD-NLP and WD-NLP, simultaneously. Without filtering, accuracy and recall levels were low, and there was no difference in the harmonic mean of the F-measure between NLPs. However, physicians reported OD-NLP contained more meaningful words than WD-NLP. When datasets were created in an equivalent number of entities/words with TF-IDF, F-measure in OD-NLP was higher than WD-NLP at lower thresholds. When the threshold increased, the number of datasets created decreased, resulting in increased values of F-measure, although the differences disappeared. Two datasets near the maximum threshold showing differences in F-measure were examined whether their topics were associated with diseases. The results showed that more diseases were found in OD-NLP at lower thresholds, indicating that the topics described characteristics of diseases. The superiority remained as much as that of TF-IDF when filtration was changed to DMV.
Conclusion The current findings prefer the use of OD-NLP to express characteristics of diseases from Japanese clinical texts and may help in the construction of document summaries and retrieval in clinical settings.
Radical Cation [2+2] Cycloadditions Enabled by Surface-Assisted Pseudo-Intramolecular Electron Transfers
Authors: Okada Yohei , Adachi Sota , Maeta Naoya , Nakayama Kaii , Wang Zimo , Hashimoto Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBoth intermolecular and intramolecular electron transfers can be the key in the determination of synthetic outcomes of photochemical and electrochemical reactions. Herein, we report dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles in combination with methoxybenzene to be a unique heterogeneous photocatalyst for facilitating the formation of novel cyclobutanes. Although the mechanistic details are as yet unclear, the results described herein imply that methoxybenzene is adsorbed onto the TiO2 surface, coming in close proximity to the forming cyclobutane radical cation, to realize a pseudo-intramolecular electron transfer between the species.