bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrino observables in gauged $U(1)_{L_\alpha - L_\beta}$ models with two Higgs doublet and one singlet scalars
Authors: Lou Yuanchao , Nomura Takaaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We discuss neutrino sector in models with two Higgs doublet and one singlet scalar fields under local $U(1)_{L_\alpha- L_\beta}$ symmetry.&#xD;A neutrino mass matrix is formulated for these models where the matrix is generated via type-I seesaw mechanism introducing right-handed neutrinos.&#xD;The neutrino mass matrix has more degrees of freedom compared to minimal scenarios which have only one new scalar field, but its structure is still restricted by the symmetry.&#xD;Then it is find that sum of neutrino mass can be lower than minimal scenarios and it is easier to satisfy observed constraints.&#xD;In addition, we can fit neutrino data for $U(1)_{L_e - L_{\mu(\tau)}}$ cases which are disfavored in minimal models. &#xD;Furthermore, some correlations among sum of neutrino mass and CP violating phases are still found although we have more free parameters. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Effects of repetitive thermal loads on microstructure and mechanical properties of potassium-doped tungsten alloy as plasma facing material
Authors: Wang Hui , Xie Zhuo-Ming , Zhu Da-Huan , Yu Mu-Lan , Fu Yin-Juan , Liu Rui , Wang Xian-Ping , Fang Qian-Feng , Liu Chang-Song , Wu Xue-Bang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) in fusion reactors are inevitably subjected to severe thermal shocks, making the performance of tungsten (W)-based PFMs under repetitive high thermal loads critical for the long-term stable operation of fusion reactors. Potassium-doped W (W–K) alloys present a promising alternative for PFMs due to their superior thermal and mechanical properties. However, unlike conventional second-phase particles, the K bubbles within W alloys do not form distinct phase interfaces with the W matrix, leaving their behavior poorly understood under transient thermal loads. This study investigates the effects of cyclic thermal loads on the evolution of K bubbles and mechanical properties of W–K alloys. Thermal load tests were conducted with a single-pulse duration of 1 s at absorbed power densities of 10, 13, 15 and 20 MW m−2 for 50 cycles at room temperature. Tensile test results indicate an unexpected increase in ductility in the W–K alloy while maintaining high strength after exposure to thermal loads at 10 and 13 MW m−2. Microstructural analyses reveal that K-tubes with large aspect ratios rupture due to Rayleigh instability, leading to the formation of well-dispersed, nano-sized polyhedral K bubbles. These fine K bubbles, with abundant dislocations at their interfaces, serve as dislocation sources, enhancing ductility. The present work offers a physical depiction of K bubble evolution in W–K alloys under thermal fatigue conditions relevant to fusion environments, suggesting a strategy for optimizing their mechanical properties by promoting the formation of nano-sized, interface-dislocation-decorated K bubbles.
Optical Nonreciprocity of Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Shaoling , Lou Chaogang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Developing optical devices that allow light to propagate in only one direction, known as non-reciprocal propagation, is important for various applications. A method for optical nonreciprocity is proposed by utilizing the localized surface plasmons of random metallic nanoparticle arrays. Compared to other methods for generating optical nonreciprocity, this method exhibits the optical nonreciprocity in a wide band and is easy to be fabricated.
Investigating the Role of Rare-earth Gd Doping in Zinc Oxide for Potential in Spintronics
Authors: Tawil S N M , Raship N A , Nurulfadzilah A R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thin films of Gd-doped ZnO with high transparency were prepared using sol-gel derived precursor. In this paper, Gd-doped ZnO films were formed on glass substrates at different Gd concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 at.%. XRD analysis revealed that higher Gd concentration led to an increase in the FWHM value and decrease in crystallinity. Nevertheless, there were no new peaks found that were linked to the development of secondary phases. FESEM revealed changes in surface morphology upon increase in Gd concentration. The MFM measurements observed magnetic signal for thin films doped with Gd, showed by bright-dark contrast of the MFM images. The magnetic properties by VSM discovered that Gd doping generated magnetic behavior with good hysteresis curve and high saturation magnetization observed at 8 at.% of Gd. Overall results indicate that Gd concentration gives significant changes to the properties of the thin films, with 8 at.% of Gd as optimal thin film potential for spintronics applications.
Effects of multiple quantum well width on InGaAs/InP laser diode
Authors: Zhou Wenli , Lai Hanyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
InGaAs-based laser diodes (LDs) are widely used for decades due to their high resistance to heat, high speeds, high output power and low threshold current. The width of multiple quantum well (MQW) is one of the most essential parameters that is directly linked to the characteristic of LDs. However, tuning the MQW width is a cumbersome task for fabrications. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of multiple quantum well width on the performance of InGaAs/InP-based laser diodes (LDs). The optical and electrical characteristics of laser diodes with varying quantum well widths are numerically analysed using Lumerical software. The results indicate that a 10-nm-wide MQW LD exhibits optimal performance within the 9 to 11 nm range, with a six-period quantum well structure, achieving the lowest threshold current. Additionally, the peak emission frequency is identified and discussed. The simulation results will assist engineers make the most appropriate decision when determining the MQW width for InGaAs-based LDs.
3D tracking method based on digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Chenxi , Yang Zhonghong , Zhao Dongjie , Zhai Jia , Chen Wenliang , Liu Rong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
3D tracking is an important technique for investigating biophysical processes, which provides abundant information for cell identification and characterization. In this paper, we present an effective and practical 3D tracking approach based on digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with auto-focusing reconstruction and a dynamical light-scattering filtering algorithm. An off-axis DHM system was established to capture the holograms of flowing samples. Utilizing reliable auto-focusing, the flowing samples were reconstructed. To improve the resolution and contrast, the principal component analysis filtering method was applied to eliminate the background, speckle noise and interference fringes. Combining the 2D positions of the flowing samples in the focal plane with the depth positions obtained from auto-focusing, the 3D trajectory and velocity of the flowing samples were obtained. The results demonstrated that the method could achieve simultaneous measurement of size and velocity of objects while satisfying signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, providing a foundation for high-throughput cell classification and multi-parameter characterization.
Electroencephalogram features reflect effort corresponding to graded finger extension: implications for hemiparetic stroke
Authors: Haddix Chase , Bates Madison , Garcia-Pava Sarah , Salmon Powell Elizabeth , Sawaki Lumy , Sunderam Sridhar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer disabled individuals the means to interact with devices by decoding the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, decoding intent in fine motor tasks can be challenging, especially in stroke survivors with cortical lesions. Here, we attempt to decode graded finger extension from the EEG in stroke patients with left-hand paresis and healthy controls. Participants extended their fingers to one of four levels: low, medium, high, or ‘no-go’ (none), while hand, muscle (electromyography: EMG), and brain (EEG) activity were monitored. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) was measured as the change in 8–30 Hz EEG power during movement. Classifiers were trained on EEG features, EMG power, or both (EEG+EMG) to decode finger extension, and accuracy assessed via four-fold cross-validation for each hand of each participant. Mean accuracy exceeded chance (25%) for controls (n = 11) at 62% for EMG, 60% for EEG, and 71% for EEG+EMG on the left hand; and 67%, 60%, and 74%, respectively, on the right hand. Accuracies were similar on the unimpaired right hand for the stroke group (n = 3): 61%, 68%, and 78%, respectively. But on the paretic left hand, EMG only discriminated no-go from movement above chance (41%); in contrast, EEG gave 65% accuracy (68% for EEG+EMG), comparable to the non-paretic hand. The median ERD was significant (p < 0.01) over the cortical hand area in both groups and increased with each level of finger extension. But while the ERD favored the hemisphere contralateral to the active hand as expected, it was ipsilateral for the left hand of stroke due to the lesion in the right hemisphere, which may explain its discriminative ability. Hence, the ERD captures effort in finger extension regardless of success or failure at the task; and harnessing residual EMG improves the correlation. This marker could be leveraged in rehabilitative protocols that focus on fine motor control.
Predicting carbon peak at the provincial level using deep learning
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Fang Kunsheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Assessing carbon peak status is crucial in designing mitigation strategies for provinces to mitigate CO2 emissions while maintaining economic development. This study proposes a comprehensive research framework to evaluate carbon peak status at the provincial level. The framework involves identifying the critical emission sources and their primary contribution sectors using the LASSO regression method, predicting the CO2 emissions of critical sources using recurrent neural networks, and exploring mitigation schemes using scenario analysis. This study uses Guizhou Province as an example and analyzes the CO2 emissions of 17 energy consumption types and one production process in 47 socio-economic sectors and discovers that: ① Between 1997 and 2005, the most critical sources of CO2 emissions were the consumption of Raw Coal; ② Between 2006 and 2021, the critical sources of emissions were the consumption of Raw Coal, Other Washed Coal (OWC), and Diesel Oil, and one industry process (Cement Production Process, CPP); ③ Between 2006 and 2021, the primary contribution sector for Raw Coal and OWC emissions is the Production and Supply of Electric Power, Steam, and Hot Water (PSEPSHW) sector. The main contributors to Diesel Oil emissions are the Transportation, Storage, Post and Telecommunication Services (TSPTS), and Other Services (OS) sectors. This study projects that the rising trend in total CO2 emissions will continue from 2022 to 2040 and that emissions will not yet reach their peak by 2030. Furthermore, CO2 emissions from Raw Coal consumption and CO2 emissions from Diesel Oil consumption will continue to increase. These are crucial when designing mitigation schemes for total CO2 emissions. The scenario analysis presents three mitigation schemes for Raw Coal and Diesel Oil emissions that have the potential to reverse the upward trend in CO2 emissions.
Research on the synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions of new-type urbanization
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhou Hongwei , Jiang Chuanzeng , Xuan Linlin , Chen Liming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Based on the data of 282 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2018, this article analyzes and explains the synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions (PCE) of new-type urbanization (NTU) by employing the Differences-in-Differences (DID) model. The results exhibit that the NTU has a significant promoting effect on reducing atmospheric pollutant emissions and improving carbon emission efficiency, demonstrating significant synergistic effects in reducing PCE. This effect varies greatly due to differences in city areas, urban-rural income gap and city scale. Mechanism analysis shows that the NTU mainly affects the synergizing the reduction of PCE by promoting land use structure adjustment and enhancing the level of green technology innovation. Further research indicates that the NTU has a great spatial spillover effect on PCE. This article provides a comprehensive exploration and evaluation of the synergizing the reduction of PCE under the NTU policy. The research findings provide policy insights for reducing air pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions, as well as for advancing the construction of NTU more effectively.
From pollution to sustainable environment: unlocking the role of energy intensity and renewable energy in highly pollutant nations
Authors: Zhou Zhi Zhen , Hassan Muhammad Shahid , Saeed Muhammad Ibrahim , Mahmood Haider , Kalim Rukhsana , Houaneb Amira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental degradation is among one of the most critical issues of recent times. To address this critical challenge in highly pollutant nations, this research inquires about the role of Energy Intensity (EI) along with Renewable Energy Consumption (REC) and non-REC as controlling indicators in the carbon emissions’ model. The research is significant because it provides potential information to energy policymakers for mitigating the adverse effects of environmental degradation. The Cross-Sectional Dependent (CSD) test is utilized to authenticate the CSD in the variables and the Slope Heterogeneity (SH) test is applied to verify the heterogeneous relationships across the polluted economies. Moreover, CSD-based unit root tests are applied to confirm the stationarity of the series. The CSD-based cointegration test is applied, which cares for both CSD and SH in analysis. Lastly, CSD-based regressions are applied to find the long and short relationships. A period of 1990–2021 is utilized for data analyses as per data availability of all analyzed countries. The results demonstrate significantly increasing effects of EI on emissions leading to mitigated environmental quality. A 1% increase in EI increases emissions by 0.6227%. However, renewable energy significantly mitigates carbon emissions while non-REC is found to significantly escalate carbon emissions. A 1% increase in REC mitigates emissions by 0.2458% and a 1% increase in non-REC raises emissions by 0.65%. This research further confirms the evidence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) with an income elasticity of 13.1393 and income square elasticity of -0.6209. The results of EI, REC, and non-REC are similar in all estimations while the validity of the EKC is witnessed in two out of three models. The causal relation suggests feedback between emissions and economic progress, EI, REC, and non-REC, which highlights the interdependence of the energy sector and environmental outcomes. This research suggests that governments of the investigated polluted economies should impose taxes on non-renewable energy consumption. The revenues from these taxes should be utilized to subsidize renewable energy consumption. Both initiatives would help reduce energy intensity in these polluted economies to condense the environmental consequences of the energy sector.
A gearbox fault diagnosis method based on Swin Transformer and Markov transform fields
Authors: Liu Jiangran , Hao Rujiang , Deng Feiyue , Fan Hongli , Lou Haiyang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address the problems of traditional fault diagnosis methods, such as the insensitivity of fault feature extraction, strong dependence on expert experience, insufficient generalization, and low fault recognition rate in gearbox running state detection, a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on the Markov transition field (MTF) and a Swin Transformer is proposed. First, the original one-dimensional vibration signal dataset is preprocessed. then the one-dimensional vibration signal is encoded into a two-dimensional feature map by MTF, which preserves the correlation between data and time. Second, the encoded 2D feature image dataset was input into the Swin Transformer model with a moving window and hierarchical design structure for training to realize the recognition of different faults in the gearbox. Finally, the power transmission fault diagnosis test-bed (DDS) dataset was used for experimental verification, and the fault diagnosis accuracy rate was 99.69%. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency, better generalization performance, and higher fault identification accuracy than the intelligent diagnosis model based on a time-frequency diagram, CWT diagram, GAF diagram, convolutional neural network (CNN), and Vision Transformer (Vi T), which can provide a reference for fault diagnosis of gearboxes in practical industries.
Method for silver streak detection on embossed surfaces based on inpainting network
Authors: Tanaka Kazumoto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Silver streaks in embossed plastic-moulded products are among the most challengigng defects to detect in images. Currently, performing a completely automated inspection is impossible. Compared to embossed textures, silver streaks exhibit slightly higher contrast, and experienced inspectors use this as a key indicator for detection. Therefore, in this study, we developed an artificial intelligence that learns the contrast of the textures of defect-free products to enable automated inspection. Specifically, we used an inpainting network that learns to repair images in which the defect-free texture regions are masked. The proposed method identifies defects by assessing the repair error in defective textures, which the network cannot accurately reconstruct due to a lack of prior learning. The method was tested on real plastic-moulded products and demonstrated extremely high accuracy in detecting silver streaks.
Democracy, Legitimacy, and Authority in International Courts
Authors: Gargarella Roberto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Roberto Gargarella reprises his critique of international court adjudication of rights. Using the example of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, he argues that dominant models concerning the relationship between international tribunals and local authorities are deeply flawed because they fail to give due deference to decisions made through a dialogue among equals in a democratic polity. Rejecting both a deferential approach, which he identifies with the European Court of Human Rights, and a more interventionist approach to international adjudication of rights, which he identifies with the Inter-American Court, Gargarella advances a third way: international courts should base their decisions in part on the quality of democratic decision-making or the “democratic pedigree” of the underlying decision.
International Humanitarian Law in Latin America
Authors: Salmón Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the contributions of truth commissions in Latin America to the classification of situations of violence as noninternational armed conflicts and to the application of international humanitarian law. In particular, the author highlights that, although Latin America has experienced various armed conflicts in the twentieth century, states have been reluctant to recognize the existence of an armed conflict in their territory. In the absence of official recognition, the reports and conclusions of Truth Commissions have qualified certain contexts as noninternational armed conflicts and have analyzed potential violations of international humanitarian law. In this sense, this chapter studies the cases of the truth commissions established in Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia.
Burla y Bulla
Authors: Heffner Hayes Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Flamenco encompasses a wide spectrum of emotions, from the haunting gritos/cries of the cante jondo/deep song to lighthearted palos/song forms like tangos, alegrías and bulerías. Derived from the words burla (to mock) and bulla (noise), bulerías is well known as a vehicle for improvisation and comedic play in social gatherings as well as concert performances. Contemporary choreographers, traditional and experimental, explore humor and self-parody in flamenco to display virtuosity, to critique gender and sexual roles, to confront racial stereotypes, and also to expand conventions that constrain creative expression. In this chapter, Michelle Heffner Hayes analyzes the ways in which artists like Belén Maya, Rocío Molina, Juan Carlos Lérida, Fernando López Rodríguez, La Lupi, Miguel Poveda, and others deploy comedy in the name of serious art.
StoryTAILS of a Wounded Sister
Authors: Jones Adanna Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Through fragmented memories, stories, and allegories, this chapter grapples with the parameters that demarcate the threshold of pain and feminist pleasure, especially with regard to how, when, and why one chooses to “wine”—a rolling-hip dance often performed at Trinidadian-styled Carnivals. The chapter begins with heartbreak and humiliation and ends in an outburst of collective retaliatory laughter as to conceive of the inevitable ways Afro-Caribbean women are still navigating the painful and pleasurable legacies of the nineteenth-century Jamette figure. (The term “Jamette” was originally created by the colonizing class and especially applied to the Afro-Creole, ex-slaves who participated in the Carnivals of post-emancipation Trinidad of the late nineteenth century. Today it is a term that generally refers to a “loose woman.”) In particular, the chapter traverses spaces, places, and national borders to understand the muted ways in which Afro-Caribbean women use their rolling waistlines as strategies for negotiating how, when, and why they participate in the sometimes heartbreaking spaces of Carnival and its associated festivities. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to understand how winin’ mediates heartbreak and healing through a negotiation of pleasure, intimacy, vulnerability, and grotesque eroticism.
Dancing Displa(y)cements
Authors: Schwadron Hannah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the corporeality of humor exchanges in the dance theater and surrounding dynamics of Berlin’s youth theater group Al-Hakawati, of whom more than half the members are recent migrants with political refugee status in Germany. Analyzing the club’s use of political satire, costumed caricature, and embodied joke-work in DestiNations Unknown (2020), the author tracks the funny physicality of migrant artists in residence as they eschew the stigma of refugee status in the making of an “anticolonial museum.” As the cast revises historical plots to mock the rich and powerful, their offstage antics, egged on by male leads, are largely self-deprecatory, returning to regular jokes about the “shitty refugee.” Reading onstage satire alongside self-critical humor in group dynamics, the chapter asks how humor by and about the “refugee” navigates difference of background and experience among the club and their fans while resisting reductionist narratives of integration heralded by the state.