bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Roux‐En‐Y Gastric Bypass in the Pharmacokinetics of (R)‐Carvedilol and (S)‐Carvedilol
Authors: Yamamoto Priscila Akemi , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Vozmediano Valvanera , de Gaitani Cristiane Masetto , da Silva Rodrigo Moreira , Kemp Rafael , Sankarankutty Ajith Kumar , Salgado Junior Wilson , Santos Jose Sebastião dos , de Moraes Natalia Valadares 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is one of the most common surgical treatments for obesity due to the effective long‐term weight loss and remission of associated comorbidities. Carvedilol, a third‐generation β‐blocker, is prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases. This drug is a weak base with low and pH‐dependent solubility and dissolution and high permeability. As the changes in the gastrointestinal tract anatomy and physiology after roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass can potentially affect drug pharmacokinetics, this study aimed to assess the effect of roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers. Nonobese (n = 15, body mass index < 25 kg/m2), obese (n = 19, body mass index ≥ 30), and post‐roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass subjects submitted to surgery for at least 6 months (n = 19) were investigated. All subjects were administered a single oral dose of 25‐mg racemic carvedilol, and blood was sampled for up to 24 hours. Plasma concentrations of (R)‐ and (S)‐carvedilol were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) of (R)‐carvedilol were 2‐ to 3‐fold higher than (S)‐carvedilol in all groups. Obese subjects have shown reduced Cmax of (R)‐ and (S)‐carvedilol without changing the AUC. Post‐roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass subjects presented a 3.5‐fold reduction in the Cmax of the active (S)‐carvedilol and a 1.9 reduction in the AUC from time 0 to infinity compared to nonobese subjects. The time to reach Cmax of (S)‐carvedilol increased 2.5‐fold in post‐roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass subjects compared to obese or nonobese. Although the β‐blockade response was not assessed, the reduced exposure to carvedilol in subjects post‐roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass may be clinically relevant and require dose adjustment.
Nutrition, multidimensional poverty and income: The case of Nepal
Authors: Yang Fan , Paudel Krishna P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to assess the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of farm households in Nepal and investigate the influence of various forms of livelihood capital on their income. The calculation of MPI incorporates the nutrition dimension along with health, education, and living standards using the Alkire‐Foster method. The results show that farm households in Nepal face severe multidimensional poverty (MPI = 0.433, using poverty cut‐off criterion = 0.3). The incidence of income poverty for Nepali farm households is around 20%, which indicates that income‐based poverty may mask the true poverty of farm households in Nepal.
Shifts in soil nitrogen availability and associated microbial drivers during stand development of Mongolian pine plantations
Authors: Zhang Yansong , Zeng De‐Hui , Wang Guochen , Li Xin , Lin Guigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfforestation on degraded lands is an effective measure to control desertification and soil erosion, but these functions are often constrained by soil nitrogen (N) availability. Moreover, soil N availability usually shifts along plantation development, yet we have a limited understanding of factors driving this shift. Here, we examined dynamics of soil N mineralization and nitrification rates along plantation development, and explored mechanisms behind these dynamics from the perspective of N‐cycling microbes. We measured needle litter quality, N‐hydrolyzing enzyme activity, biomass and community composition of soil microbes (phospholipid fatty acid analysis) and ammonia oxidizers (real‐time quantitative PCR and high‐throughput sequencing), and net N mineralization and nitrification rates along a chronosequence of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stands with six age classes ranging from 15‐ to 61‐year‐old in the Three‐North region of China. Results showed that stand development increased net N mineralization rate by 54%, nitrate‐N concentration by 106%, and nitrate‐N:ammonium‐N ratio from 1.09 to 2.63. Gram‐positive:gram‐negative bacterial ratio and β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase activity initially increased and subsequently decreased along stand development with the highest values in 40‐year‐old stands, while fungal:bacterial ratio showed the opposite pattern with the lowest value in 40‐year‐old stands. These shifts in soil microbial properties were associated with age‐related changes in needle litter C:N ratio and soil pH. Net N mineralization rate was positively related to β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase activities, but not to soil microbial biomass and community composition. Net nitrification rate was negatively correlated with ammonia‐oxidizing archaeal abundances and positively with ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial abundances. Collectively, our results indicate that soil N availability increases and N cycling accelerates with plantation growth, and suggest that microbial N recycling driven by β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase is tightly related to soil N dynamics along stand development.
Aged Garlic Extract Prevents Alcohol‐Induced Cytotoxicity through Induction of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 in the Liver of Mice
Authors: Kitakaze Tomoya , Inoue Masako , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

ScopeAcetaldehyde is a highly toxic primary metabolite of ethanol, and converts to nontoxic acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Accumulation of acetaldehyde causes significant damage to human body. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a functional food material and possesses various health beneficial effects. This study investigates whether AGE contributes to acetaldehyde detoxification through ALDH induction and its underlying mechanism.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice are orally administrated 10–1000 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) of AGE for 1 week before ethanol administration. AGE suppresses ethanol‐caused accumulation of acetaldehyde level in the plasma through inducing mitochondrial ALDH2 but not cytosolic ALDH1A1. AGE also induces antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase‐1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, resulting in prevention of lipid peroxidation in the liver. In HepG2 cells, AGE prevents ethanol‐ and acetaldehyde‐caused cytotoxicity. AGE induces mitochondrial ALDH2 through activating nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). AGE inhibits protein degradation of Nrf2 and enhances protein degradation of kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1. Furthermore, S‐allyl cysteine and S‐allyl mercaptocysteine as the bioactive compounds in AGE also induce ALDH2 and Nrf2.ConclusionAGE prevents acetaldehyde‐induced hepatotoxicity through enhancing acetaldehyde detoxification through Nrf2‐dependent induction of mitochondrial ALDH2.
Deep learning‐based dominant index lesion segmentation for MR‐guided radiation therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Simeth Josiah , Jiang Jue , Nosov Anton , Wibmer Andreas , Zelefsky Michael , Tyagi Neelam , Veeraraghavan Harini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDose escalation radiotherapy enables increased control of prostate cancer (PCa) but requires segmentation of dominant index lesions (DIL). This motivates the development of automated methods for fast, accurate, and consistent segmentation of PCa DIL.PurposeTo construct and validate a model for deep‐learning‐based automatic segmentation of PCa DIL defined by Gleason score (GS) ≥3+4 from MR images applied to MR‐guided radiation therapy. Validate generalizability of constructed models across scanner and acquisition differences.MethodsFive deep‐learning networks were evaluated on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI from 500 lesions in 365 patients arising from internal training Dataset 1 (156 lesions in 125 patients, 1.5Tesla GE MR with endorectal coil), testing using Dataset 1 (35 lesions in 26 patients), external ProstateX Dataset 2 (299 lesions in 204 patients, 3Tesla Siemens MR), and internal inter‐rater Dataset 3 (10 lesions in 10 patients, 3Tesla Philips MR). The five networks include: multiple resolution residually connected network (MRRN) and MRRN regularized in training with deep supervision implemented into the last convolutional block (MRRN‐DS), Unet, Unet++, ResUnet, and fast panoptic segmentation (FPSnet) as well as fast panoptic segmentation with smoothed labels (FPSnet‐SL). Models were evaluated by volumetric DIL segmentation accuracy using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the balanced F1 measure of detection accuracy, as a function of lesion aggressiveness and size (Dataset 1 and 2), and accuracy with respect to two‐raters (on Dataset 3). Upon acceptance for publication segmentation models will be made available in an open‐source GitHub repository.ResultsIn general, MRRN‐DS more accurately segmented tumors than other methods on the testing datasets. MRRN‐DS significantly outperformed ResUnet in Dataset2 (DSC of 0.54 vs. 0.44, p < 0.001) and the Unet++ in Dataset3 (DSC of 0.45 vs. p = 0.04). FPSnet‐SL was similarly accurate as MRRN‐DS in Dataset2 (p = 0.30), but MRRN‐DS significantly outperformed FPSnet and FPSnet‐SL in both Dataset1 (0.60 vs. 0.51 [p = 0.01] and 0.54 [p = 0.049] respectively) and Dataset3 (0.45 vs. 0.06 [p = 0.002] and 0.24 [p = 0.004] respectively). Finally, MRRN‐DS produced slightly higher agreement with experienced radiologist than two radiologists in Dataset 3 (DSC of 0.45 vs. 0.41).ConclusionsMRRN‐DS was generalizable to different MR testing datasets acquired using different scanners. It produced slightly higher agreement with an experienced radiologist than that between two radiologists. Finally, MRRN‐DS more accurately segmented aggressive lesions, which are generally candidates for radiative dose ablation.
Ein kaum bekanntes Naturphänomen
Authors: Suhr Wilfried , Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAuf fließenden Bächen und auf Wasserpfützen, die dem Wind ausgesetzt sind, findet man zuweilen eine winzige wellenartige Erhebung, die quer über das Gewässer verläuft. Diese Thoreau‐Reynolds‐Welle entpuppt sich als Grenze zu einem aufgestauten hauchdünnen Film, zum Beispiel aus natürlichen Tensiden. Sie kommt dadurch zustande, dass die oberflächennahe Strömung der Grenzschicht ausweichen muss, die das Strömungsgeschehen unter dem Film generiert.
Plasma catalytic removal of VOCs using cycled storage‐discharge (CSD) mode: Tandem effect of zeolite adsorbents and Au catalysts on complete oxidation of toluene
Authors: Zhou Amin , Liu Jing‐Lin , Zhu Bin , Di Lanbo , Li Xiao‐Song , Zhu Ai‐Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh‐silica zeolite adsorbents (ZAs) are employed for plasma catalytic removal of toluene with cycled storage‐discharge mode in this work. At 5 min discharge time of the discharge stage in air plasma (20% O2 in N2), toluene conversion attains 100%, obtaining 22% CO and 26% CO2 selectivities. After 20 min discharge time, the air plasma gives the selectivities to CO of ~30% and CO2 of ~60%. For complete oxidation of toluene to CO2, ZA and Au catalysts are combined and a tandem effect of in‐plasma ZA and postplasma Au catalysts is achieved, featuring nearly 100% CO2 selectivity at 100% toluene conversion. Dependences of the tandem effect on Au loading and space velocity ratio of ZA to Au catalyst are investigated.
Synthesis of Highly Thermostable and Transparent Colorless Polyimides Based on a Semi‐aromatic Tetracarboxylic Anhydride
Authors: Zhou Di , Peng Qing , Kong Ling‐lu , Liu Shu‐mei , Yuan Yan‐chao , Ma Yu‐guang , Mo Yue‐qi , Qin Dong‐huan , Zhao Jian‐qing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA semi‐aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydide, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroanthracene‐2,3,6,7‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (OHADA), was successfully synthesized via a Diels Alder reaction. Two polyimides (OHADA‐TFDB and OHADA‐BAFL) were obtained via one‐step polycondensation of OHADA with 2,2′‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFDB) and 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL) in m‐cresol, respectively. OHADA‐TFDB has better solubility and processibilty than OHADA‐BAFL, but colorless OHADA‐BAFL exhibits higher thermal stability and lighter color. OHADA‐TFDB and OHADA‐BAFL display high glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of 339 °C/385 °C from DSC curves and 335 °C/395 °C from TMA trances, respectively. Their decomposition temperatures at 5 % weight loss (Td5) are above 537 °C/546 °C under nitrogen. These results are much better than those from wholly alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride‐based polyimides (PIs), which can be attributed to the benzene moiety in OHADA. Furthermore, OHADA‐TFDB and OHADA‐BAFL exhibit good optical transparency with the cutoff wavelength of 315 nm/305 nm, light transmittance over 74 %/72 % at 400 nm and 84 %/80 % at 500 nm, which indicates it is an effectively way to suppress the formation of charge transfer complex (CTC) by introducing alicyclic moieties in OHADA. Their mechanical properties are also characterized in this study.
Effect of Substitutional Oxygen on Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene Produced Using Recycled TiO2 Source
Authors: Iqbal Aamir , Kim Hyerim , Oh Jung‐Min , Chae Jikwang , Kim Jiwoong , Kim Myungjae , Hassan Tufail , Gao Zhenguo , Lee Juyun , Kim Seon Joon , Kim Daesin , Gogotsi Yury , Kwon Hanjung , Koo Chong Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMXenes are an emerging class of 2D materials with unique properties including metallic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and surface tunability, which ensure their utility for diverse applications. However, the synthesis of MXenes with high crystallinity and atomic stoichiometry in a low‐cost process is still challenging because of the difficulty in controlling the oxygen substitute in the precursors and final products of MXenes, which limits their academic understanding and practical applications. Here, a novel cost‐effective method is reported to synthesize a highly crystalline and stoichiometric Ti3C2Tx MXene with minimum substitutional oxygen impurities by controlling the amount of excess carbon and time of high‐energy milling in carbothermal reduction of recycled TiO2 source. The highest used content (2 wt%) of excess‐carbon yields TiC with the highest carbon content and minimal oxygen substitutes, which leads to the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase with improved crystallinity and atomic stoichiometry, and finally Ti3C2Tx MXene with the highest electrical conductivity (11738 S cm−1) and superior electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Additionally, the effects of carbon content and substitutional oxygen on the physical properties of TiC and Ti3AlC2 are elucidated by density‐functional‐theory calculations. This inexpensive TiO2‐based method of synthesizing high‐quality Ti3C2Tx MXene can facilitate large‐scale production and thus accelerate global research on MXenes.
Dual analysis for helping developers to find collaborators based on co‐changed files: An empirical study
Authors: Constantino Kattiana , Belém Fabiano , Figueiredo Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

SummarySoftware developers must collaborate at all stages of the software life‐cycle to create successful complex software systems. To enable this collaboration, social coding platforms, for example, GitHub, include an increasing number of tools to support collaboration. However, for large projects with hundreds of dynamic developers, such as several successful open–source projects, it can be complex to find developers with the same interest and familiarity and thus, gain suitable collaborations and new insights. In this context, resources and efforts may be wasted, discouraging many developers from contributing. Moreover, it can be costly to manage many contributions, which is another challenge for the maintainer who wants to take advantage of this small, timid, but valuable contribution made by a volunteer developer in a short time. In this context, this paper presents an empirical study aiming to evaluate two strategies to recommend collaborators based on co‐changed files. Inspired in the TF–IDF (Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency) weighting scheme established in the Information Retrieval field, these strategies first estimate the importance of relevant files modified by developers and use these estimates to represent each developer “profile”. As a second step, they estimate the similarity between developers using the Cosine metric, providing top‐ranked developers according to this measure as recommendations. We evaluated these strategies based on an extensive survey with 102 real–world developers. We observed that developers have interest and familiarity with the co‐changed files for all strategies evaluated. These considerations are of relevance because many opportunities for contributions to the project are linked to coding. Thus, theses results may indicate one less barrier for improving collaboration among developers. Overall, the strategies present an acceptance rate of up to 81%, contributing to the discovery of further collaborators.
A reinforcement learning approach to system modularization under constraints
Authors: Sanaei Roozbeh , Otto Kevin , Hölttä‐Otto Katja , Wood Kristin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModularization is an approach for system architecting and design simplification by encapsulating complex interactions among components within modules and reducing dependencies across modules. Design structure matrix (DSM) based clustering algorithms have proven helpful for such analysis, owing to their convenience in manipulating a large number of elements using conventional software. However, there are problems where constraints must be maintained in the modularization, for example, coping with functions or systems that either cannot or must be performed in regions with excessive heat, pressure, magnetic or other fields. Excluding such field boundary considerations can result in DSM computed modular architectural solutions that bundle field‐incompatible functions or components that are not practical. Such regional field constraint considerations are not taken into account using conventional DSM clustering algorithms. We introduce a DSM‐based clustering algorithm that incorporates these practical embodiment constraints through a constraint matrix indicating which elements can or cannot be placed in the same field region. We then employ reinforcement learning to allow the clustering algorithm to exploit its learnings from the previous attempts and during the clustering to facilitate the optimization under constraints. We demonstrate two examples of a medical contrast injector and the controller board of a three‐phase pump motor.
Foundations of Inquisitive Logic
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we lay the foundations for our enterprise. In particular, we explain how an information-based semantics,inquisitive semantics, allows us to interpret statements and questions in a uniform way and to define a general notion of entailment in which questions can occur as premises and conclusions. We explore in detail the significance of this generalized notion of entailment, showing in particular that it captures as a special case an important logical notion that we calldependency. We explain how questions can be viewed as denotinginformation types and how inquisitive entailment can thus be seen as generalizing entailment from a notion relating pieces of informations to one relating information types. We also show how a logic based on inquisitive semantics can be equipped in a canonical way with an implication connective that internalizes, in a precise sense, the meta-language entailment relations into the object language. At the end of the section we motivate in more detail some of our setup choices and we relate our approach to previous work on questions in logic.
Gender and the Imaginary of Forestry in Boreal Ecosystems
Authors: Reed Maureen G. , Lidestav Gun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine forestry work in two boreal regions—Canada and Sweden—where gender mainstreaming has long been established in government policy. Despite having policies that support gender equality in both countries, the roles, opportunities, remuneration, and expectations of women and men engaged in forestry work are highly differentiated by gender. We explain this discrepancy by considering the way in which forestry work has been and continues to be imagined. The narrow interpretation of forestry as “tree cutting” has reduced the visibility of women and continues to narrow the range of activities deemed valuable to the forestry sector. By asking questions about how forestry has been imagined, we seek to catalyze fresh thinking about the nature of forestry work and the capacity of the forest industry in both countries to adapt to climate change.
Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests
Authors: Hof Anouschka R. , Lundström Johanna , Duveneck Matthew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the increasing effects of climate change, a rapid development of effective approaches and tools are needed to maintain forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The response, or lack thereof, of forest managers to climate change and its impacts on ecosystem services will have broad ramifications. Here we give an overview of approaches used to predict impacts of climate change and management scenarios for a range of ecosystem services provided by the boreal forest, including timber supply, carbon sequestration, bioenergy provision, and habitat for wildlife and biodiversity. We provide examples of research in the field and summarize the outstanding challenges.
Network Framework for Forest Ecology and Management
Authors: Filotas Élise , Witté Isabelle , Aquilué Núria , Brimacombe Chris , Drapeau Pierre , Keeton William S. , Kneeshaw Daniel , Messier Christian , Fortin Marie-Josée 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApplications of network science to forest ecology and management are rapidly being adopted as important conceptualization and quantitative tools. This chapter highlights the potential of network analysis to help forest managers develop strategies that foster forest resilience in our changing environment. We describe how networks have been used to represent different types of associations within forest ecosystems by providing examples of species interaction networks, spatial and spatiotemporal networks, and social and social-ecological networks. We then review basic measures used to describe their topology and explain their relevance to different management situations. We conclude by presenting the challenges and potential opportunities for an effective integration of network analysis with forest ecology and management.
Land and Freshwater Complex Interactions in Boreal Forests: A Neglected Topic in Forest Management
Authors: Grosbois Guillaume , Lau Danny Chun Pong , Berggren Martin , Girona Miguel Montoro , Goedkoop Willem , Messier Christian , Hjältén Joakim , del Giorgio Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAquatic and terrestrial habitats are interdependent components of the boreal forest landscape involving multiple dynamic interactions; these are manifested particularly in riparian areas, which are key components in the forest landscape. However, this interdependence between aquatic and terrestrial habitats is not adequately accounted for in the current management of forest ecosystems. Here we review the impacts of land disturbances on the optical and physicochemical properties of water bodies, aquatic food web health, and the ecological functioning of these freshwaters. We also describe how freshwaters influence the adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. A better understanding of these dynamic biotic and abiotic interactions between land and freshwater of the boreal forest is a first step toward including these freshwaters in the sustainable management of the boreal forest.