bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐life effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis who have an inadequate response to ustekinumab: A 104‐week multicenter retrospective study – IL PSO (ITALIAN LANDSCAPE PSORIASIS)
Authors: Gargiulo Luigi , Ibba Luciano , Malagoli Piergiorgio , Angileri Rosa Giuseppa , Bardazzi Federico , Bernardini Nicoletta , Burlando Martina , Carrera Carlo G. , Chiricozzi Andrea , Dapavo Paolo , Dini Valentina , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Gaiani Francesca Maria , Galluzzo Marco , Giofré Claudia , Guarneri Claudio , Loconsole Francesco , Malara Giovanna , Marcelli Lorenzo , Megna Matteo , Piaserico Stefano , Talamonti Marina , Costanzo Antonio , Narcisi Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuselkumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds selectively to the p19 subunit of interleukin‐23, which has shown efficacy in patients with previous incomplete response to ustekinumab in the NAVIGATE clinical trial. [Correction added on [28‐02‐2023], after first online publication: ‘humanized monoclonal antibody’ has been changed to 'fully human monoclonal antibody' in the preceding sentence.]ObjectivesWe conducted a 104‐week multicenter retrospective study to assess the effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in patients affected by plaque psoriasis with an inadequate response to ustekinumab in a real‐life setting.MethodsOur retrospective study included 233 adults affected by moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, enrolled in 14 different Italian centres, and treated with guselkumab after failing therapy with ustekinumab. Patient characteristics and PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) score at each visit (baseline, weeks 16, 52 and 104) were recorded. The percentages of patients achieving 75%, 90% and 100% (PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100) improvement in PASI, compared with baseline, were registered.ResultsAt week 52, PASI 75 was reached by 89.88% of patients, PASI 90 by 71.43%, PASI 100 by 58.83% and absolute PASI ≤2 by 90.48%. At week 104, similar effectiveness results were observed. Compared to the NAVIGATE trial, we observed higher rates of PASI 75/90/100. Patients with the involvement of difficult‐to‐treat areas were significantly less likely to achieve PASI90 and PASI100 at week 16. Obese patients had significantly lower rates of PASI75 and PASI ≤2 at week 52. At week 104, comparable responses were observed among all patients' subgroups, regardless of BMI status, involvement of difficult‐to‐treat areas, presence of cardiometabolic comorbidities and concomitant psoriatic arthritis. No significant safety findings were reported throughout the study.ConclusionOur data suggest that the efficacy of guselkumab in patients with inadequate response to ustekinumab for plaque psoriasis in ‘real‐life’ clinical practice is comparable with NAVIGATE study with higher percentages of patients achieving PASI90 and PASI100 at weeks 16, 52 and 104.
Efficacy and safety of etrasimod, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator, in adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (ADVISE)
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Bissonnette Robert , Kircik Leon , Murrell Dedee F. , Selfridge Andrew , Liu Kris , Ahluwalia Gurpreet , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEtrasimod is an oral, selective, sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor1,4,5modulator in development for immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders. Efficacy and safety of orally administered S1P receptor modulation in atopic dermatitis (AD) have not yet been examined.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of etrasimod monotherapy in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsIn this phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, participants (≥18 years) with moderate‐to‐severe AD defined as baseline validated Investigator's Global Assessment (vIGA‐AD) score ≥ 3, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score ≥ 16, and body surface area involvement ≥10% were randomized 1:1:1 to once‐daily oral etrasimod 1 mg, 2 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was percent change in EASI score from baseline at week 12, assessed in the Full Analysis Set (all randomized participants). Key secondary outcomes were achievement of a vIGA‐AD score of 0 or 1 with a ≥2‐point improvement from baseline and EASI‐75 response at Week 12. Safety was assessed during the double‐blind period.ResultsOne hundred and forty participants were randomized to etrasimod 2 mg (n = 47), 1 mg (n = 47) or placebo (n = 46). At Week 12, percent change in EASI score was −57.2% in the etrasimod 2‐mg group versus −48.4% in the placebo group (p = 0.18). A significantly greater proportion of participants receiving etrasimod 2 mg achieved vIGA‐AD scores of 0 or 1 with a ≥2‐point improvement at Week 12 versus placebo (29.8% vs. 13.0%;p = 0.045); however, EASI‐75 response was not statistically significant versus placebo. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) occurred in 59.6%, 40.4% and 47.8% of participants receiving etrasimod 2 mg, 1 mg and placebo, respectively. There were no serious AEs or deaths.ConclusionsThe primary outcome was not met, although efficacy was observed for etrasimod 2 mg on several clinician‐ and patient‐assessed measures, and both 1‐ and 2‐mg doses were well tolerated, warranting further clinical investigation in AD.
Expert consensus on the systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis in special populations
Authors: Adam D. N. , Gooderham M. J. , Beecker J. R. , Hong C. H. , Jack C. S. , Jain V. , Lansang P. , Lynde C. W. , Papp K. A. , Prajapati V. H. , Turchin I. , Yeung J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the increasing number of options for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis, clinicians need guidance on a practical approach to selecting a systemic agent for specific patient populations. We convened an expert panel consisting of 12 members to conduct a literature review and summarize relevant data related to six scenarios of clinical interest: comorbid asthma, ocular surface disease, history of cancer, past and ongoing infections of interest (including herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis), pregnancy and lactation, and the elderly. We performed a literature search and examined each clinical scenario with respect to three major categories of available systemic agents: traditional systemics (azathioprine, cyclosporine A, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil), Janus kinase inhibitors (abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib), and biologics (dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and tralokinumab). The expert panel and steering committee met virtually to review the data and discuss the drafted consensus statements. A modified Delphi process was used to arrive at a set of final consensus statements related to the systemic treatment of AD in these specific patient populations. To provide practical guidance on the choice of systemic therapy for atopic dermatitis in these six topics of clinical interest, 25 expert consensus statements and a summary of the supporting data are presented herein.
Salmon‐lice as a potential threat to anadromous Arctic charr populations
Authors: Grenier Gabrielle , Rochat Eloïse C. , Muladal Rune , Jensen Hallvard , Knudsen Rune 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalmon‐lice have the potential to change the behaviour and growth of their salmonid host species. Here, the baseline infection levels of salmon‐lice of post‐smolts (n = 815) and veteran migrants (n = 875) of sea‐run Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus, 1758) were monitored over two successive years in a sub‐Arctic Norwegian fjord without farming of salmonids. All Arctic charr were collected after the sea‐migration period from a trap placed in the river, ascending to their overwintering freshwater habitat (Lake Laksvatn). The sea‐lice infection showed a stable infection across the 2 years while increasing through the migration period and with the size of the wild sea‐run Arctic charr. The prevalence of sea‐lice infection was intermediate to high, and the intensities of sea‐lice infections observed were generally modest, although some individuals had high infections. The relatively high infection of salmon‐lice highlights the potential detrimental effects these parasites can have at both the individual and population level of such endangered sub‐Arctic life‐history strategies. A comparative study should be performed in fjords with aquaculture activity as focal points for salmon‐lice, to investigate the impact farming have on sea‐run Arctic charr populations.
Applications of light emitting diodes and their mechanism for food preservation
Authors: Ramesh Tamanna , Hariram Upasana , Srimagal A. , Sahu Jatindra K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the food sector, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of uses, including improving food production, extending the shelf life of perishables, and—most importantly—improving food safety. LEDs are semiconductor devices that, depending on the kind of conductors they are built of, emit light by electroluminescence across a range of wavelength spectrums. Compared to conventional light sources (ultraviolet [UV] light), LEDs are more energy‐efficient, eco‐friendly and have a lesser environmental impact. Moreover, LEDs have relatively lower warm up time and heat emissions, higher life expectancy and no mercury deposits compared to UV light. This article provides a comprehensive review of the food safety applications of LED showcasing its potential in microbial inactivation of clear, liquid food products as a potential alternative to traditional UV‐light technology. Optical properties (cloudiness, penetration depth of light) of the foods and geometrical design of the LED treatment chamber (distance from light source and intensity, wavelength of the light) play a key role in maximizing LED's efficacy for microbial inactivation. Additionally, a combination of wavelengths and photosensitizing compounds have proven to be synergistic in the application of this technology. There is a need for further research on the effect of LEDs on the safety and quality attributes of food and beverage products to continue with the feasibility assessment required to determine its potential at industrial scale.
Association between mandatory cognitive testing for license renewal and motor vehicle collisions and road injuries
Authors: Inada Haruhiko , Tomio Jun , Nakahara Shinji , Ichikawa Masao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe examined whether the policy amendment from March 2017 for a cognitive screening test for older drivers at driver's license renewal was associated with the decreased risk of motor vehicle collisions for drivers and the increased risk of injuries for pedestrians and cyclists among older people.MethodsThis was a controlled interrupted time‐series study. We used police‐reported data on the number of collisions as drivers and injuries as pedestrians and cyclists among people aged 70 years or older in Japan from July 2012 to December 2019. As the outcome measures, we used the ratio of the monthly number of collisions per population among drivers of three groups aged 75 years or older (75–79, 80–84, and ≥85 years), who were targeted or exposed by the policy, to that among drivers aged 70 to 74 years, who were unaffected or unexposed by the policy and would serve as controls. The ratio of pedestrian and cyclist injuries was also calculated, as previous studies have shown a concomitant increase in these injuries after the introduction of cognitive screening for driver's licenses.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 602,885 collisions as drivers and 196,889 injuries as pedestrians and cyclists among people aged 70 years or older. After the policy amendment in March 2017, collisions decreased among male drivers, and injuries increased among some age subgroups in both sexes. Cumulative estimated changes in the numbers of collisions and injuries from March 2017 to December 2019 were −3670 (95% confidence interval: −5125, −2104) and 959 (95% confidence interval: 24, 1834), respectively.ConclusionsFollowing the policy amendment, there was a decrease in motor vehicle collisions as drivers and an increase in road injuries as pedestrians and cyclists among older people.
Oxytocin antagonist does not disrupt rabbit maternal behavior despite binding to brain oxytocin receptors
Authors: Jiménez Angeles , Jiménez Pedro , Inoue Kiyoshi , Young Larry J. , González‐Mariscal Gabriela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe explored a possible role of oxytocin (OXT) for the onset and maintenance of rabbit maternal behavior by: (a) confirming that a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTA) widely used in rodents selectively binds to OXT receptors (OXTR) in the rabbit brain and (b) determining the effect of daily intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of OTA to primiparous and multiparous does from gestation day 29 to lactation day 3. OTA efficiently displaced the high affinity, selective oxytocin receptor (OXTR) radioligand, 125I‐labeled ornithine vasotocin analog (125I‐OVTA), but was much less effective at displacing the selective V1a vasopressin receptor radioligand, 125I‐labeled linear vasopressin, thus showing high affinity and selectivity of OTA for rabbit OXTR as in rodents. Further, ICV OTA injections did not modify nest‐building, latency to enter the nest box, time spent nursing or the amount of milk produced, relative to vehicle‐injected does. The percentage of mothers suckling the litter was also similar between both groups, regardless of parity. Together, our results do not support a role of OXT for the initiation or maintenance of rabbit maternal behavior. Future studies are warranted to determine if OXT participates in fine‐tuning additional aspects of the maternal ethogram, for example, circadian periodicity of nursing and nest defense.
Behavioral regulation relies on interacting forces and predictive models
Authors: Read Stephen J. , Miller Lynn C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe discuss how our recent neural network model of personality and motivation can explain many aspects of the regulation of behavior.MethodContrary to approaches that focus on a goal‐corrected, set‐point, and discrepancy‐reducing mechanism, we argue that many aspects of regulation can be understood in terms of two other mechanisms. First, many aspects of the stability and coherence of personality, as well as the dynamics of personality, can be understood in terms of the interaction of forces within organized motivational systems, and their interaction with features of the environment and interoceptive states, that identify an individual's current needs. This has been described as a settling point or equilibrium of forces model, rather than a set‐point architecture. Second, regulation has been shown to depend also on the use of predictive models of the world, either learned or innate. Such models can be thought of as feedforward models, in contrast to the feedback models characteristic of set‐point, goal‐corrected systems.Results and ConclusionsWe describe a neural network model of these processes that simulates the behavior over time and situations of an individual and shows how important regulatory processes can operate through a process of interactive forces and predictive models of the world.
Food insecurity and consumption of cariogenic foods in mothers and their two‐year‐old children in Appalachia
Authors: Bhaumik Deesha , Wright Casey D. , Marshall Teresa A. , Neiswanger Katherine , McNeil Daniel W. , Jones Andrew D. , Shaffer John R. , Marazita Mary L. , Foxman Betsy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the association between household food insecurity and intake of cariogenic foods that increase risk of dental caries.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of 842 mothers in Appalachia and their children participating in the Center for Oral Health Research Cohort 2 between 2011 and 2017 when their children were ~ 24 months of age. Mothers completed a telephone interview regarding cariogenic food consumption and food insecurity. Associations between food insecurity and daily food intake were adjusted for education, income, state residence, and daily snacking.ResultsAfter adjustment for household income, state residence, daily snacking, and maternal education, mothers from moderately/severely food insecure households drank on average ½ more sugar‐sweetened beverage servings per day (p = 0.005) and children drank almost 1/3 servings more (p = 0.006). Further, mothers and children from moderately/severely food insecure households had lower, but not statistically significant, daily average consumption of vegetables (mothers: 1/5 less of a vegetable serving per day, children: ~1/10 less) and fruits (mothers: 1/5 less of a fruit serving per day, children: ~ 1/10 les) and elevated consumption of sweets (mothers: ~ 1/25 more sweet servings per day, children: ~ 2/25 more); differences based on state residence were noted.ConclusionsFood insecurity is associated with higher consumption of foods that increase risk of dental caries, but this association is modified by maternal education, income, and state residence. Food insecurity, and its socioeconomic determinants, should be considered when designing and implementing interventions to prevent dental caries.
A novel non‐invasive model for the prediction of advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with NAFLD
Authors: Wang Jian , Huang Rui , Liu Jiacheng , Lai Ruimin , Liu Yilin , Zhu Chuanwu , Qiu Yuanwang , He Zebao , Yin Shengxia , Chen Yuxin , Yan Xiaomin , Ding Weimao , Zheng Qi , Li Jie , Wu Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere are still lack of non‐invasive models to evaluate liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to establish a predictive model for advanced fibrosis in these patients. A total of 504 treatment‐naive CHB patients with NAFLD who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set (n = 336) and a validation set (n = 168). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare predicting accuracy for the different models. One hundred fifty‐six patients (31.0%) had advanced fibrosis. In the training set, platelet, prothrombin time, type 2 diabetes, HBeAg positivity and globulin were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis by multivariable analysis. A predictive model namely PPDHG for advanced fibrosis was developed based on these parameters. The areas under the ROC curve (AUROC) of PPDHG with an optimal cut‐off value of −0.980 in predicting advanced fibrosis was 0.817 (95% confidence interval 0.772 to 0.862), with a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 66.81%. The predicting accuracy of PPDHG for advanced fibrosis was significantly superior to AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Further analysis revealed that the AUROC of PPDHG remained significantly higher than FIB‐4 and NFS indexes, while it was comparable with APRI for predicting advanced fibrosis in the validation set. PPDHG had a better predicting performance than established models for advanced fibrosis in CHB patients with NAFLD. The application of PPDHG can reduce the necessary for liver biopsy in these patients.
Externally funded trade policy reforms and firm productivity: Evidence from a world database of reforms funded by foreign aid agencies
Authors: Habyarimana Jean Baptiste , Kakkar Vikas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of externally funded trade policy reforms on firm productivity by combining data from the International Aid Transparency Initiative and World Bank Enterprise Surveys. By specifying baseline and end‐line surveys based on the 2006 to 2020 World Bank Enterprise Surveys, we find that 70 of 83 countries received external funds for trade policy reforms, and primarily use records based on 45,886 firms with data on productivity across these countries. Applying difference‐in‐differences and triple‐difference techniques, this paper finds that the impact of externally funded trade policy reforms is significant, accounting for 12% of firms' average productivity growth in the recipient countries relative to firms in non‐recipient countries. We also show that externally funded trade policy reforms improve firms' international‐trade‐climate in the recipient countries by 0.17 standard deviations, which translates into a 27% increase in the average productivity of firms with a good international‐trade‐climate in recipient countries over that of firms in non‐recipient countries and firms with poor international trade climate in recipient countries. These results suggest that interventions should focus on financing trade policy reforms that are more likely to improve the international‐trade‐climate of firms in the recipient countries.
Extra‐hepatic morbidity and mortality in alcohol‐related liver disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Theodoreson Mark D. , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Allison Michael , Brahmania Mayur , Forrest Ewan , Hagström Hannes , Johansen Stine , Krag Aleksander , Likhitsup Alisa , Masson Steven , McCune Anne , Rajoriya Neil , Thiele Maja , Rowe Ian A. , Parker Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use increases the risk of many conditions in addition to liver disease; patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) are therefore at risk from both extra‐hepatic and hepatic disease.AimsThis review synthesises information about non‐liver‐related mortality in persons with ALD.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify studies describing non‐liver outcomes in ALD. Information about overall non‐liver mortality was extracted from included studies and sub‐categorised into major causes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), non‐liver cancer and infection. Single‐proportion meta‐analysis was done to calculate incidence rates (events/1000 patient‐years) and relative risks (RR) compared with control populations.ResultsThirty‐seven studies describing 50 302 individuals with 155 820 patient‐years of follow‐up were included. Diabetes, CVD and obesity were highly prevalent amongst included patients (5.4%, 10.4% and 20.8% respectively). Outcomes varied across the spectrum of ALD: in alcohol‐related fatty liver the rate of non‐liver mortality was 43.4/1000 patient‐years, whereas in alcoholic hepatitis the rate of non‐liver mortality was 22.5/1000 patient‐years. The risk of all studied outcomes was higher in ALD compared with control populations: The RR of death from CVD was 2.4 (1.6–3.8), from non‐hepatic cancer 2.2 (1.6–2.9) and from infection 8.2 (4.7–14.3).ConclusionPersons with ALD are at high risk of death from non‐liver causes such as cardiovascular disease and non‐hepatic cancer.