bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Missionaries’ Engagement with Science and Technology in Colonial Kenya, 1887–1963
Authors: Gathogo Julius 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The missionaries’ engagement with science and technology in colonial Kenya (1887–1963) is evidentially seen through the use of the post-industrial revolution’s breakthroughs of the eighteenth century, which included: advancement in science and mass production, steam engines, and the rise of digital technology. The tendency to rely heavily on post-industrial innovations and inventions were critical in fast-tracking their missiological discourses, which included scriptural translations, publishing, and the use of printing machines. These were critical in generating instructional materials and especially the Bible, which was produced in the local indigenous languages by 1952, and by encouraging technical-science education after primary school, among other methods. Although the concept of science and technology is largely attributed to the scientific breakthroughs of the twenty-first century, we argue that this concept was also evident in both the African indigenous society and in the missionary era. The widespread use of the phrase ‘science and technology’ is further seen in the missionary enterprises since they founded or supported the establishment of technical schools that offered electrical engineering, plumbing, carpentry, masonry, mechanical engineering, and training in medicine and the establishment of dispensaries and hospitals, among other relevant activities. Methodologically, the research article endeavours to review the European missionary societies, especially the Protestant wing, in its aim to understand their engagement with science and technology, and to determine if there conflict between Western science and the indigenous systems. The data was gathered through a review of existing literature, archival sources, unpublished materials and other oral sources.
Conjoined Twins in Medieval Imagery
Authors: Couzin Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Notwithstanding their rarity, conjoined twins have often been remarked and represented throughout human history. The medieval visual record includes two depictions of historical twins, some exotic two-headed monsters, the ancient god Janus, and many instances of the zodiac Gemini as conjoined. Comparing the imagery with physiological fact, it is clear that artists were familiar with various forms of natural corporeal fusion, although they were also prone to misunderstandings. The representations reflect conflicting conceptions of the phenomenon debated among Western theologians and philosophers, that they were one person or two. Conjoined twins are found in both European and Islamic art. The conjoined Gemini, in particular, began to appear regularly in both cultures at roughly the same time toward the beginning of the thirteenth century, with possible earlier hints in the West. This parallel iconographical development raises difficult questions of genealogy and dissemination.
Fragment of an Anti-Christian Polemic with a Syriac Gospel Quotation
Authors: Shapira Dan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the “Afghan Genizah,” a recently acquired collection of texts in Judeo-Persian, Early New-Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic from the tenth to thirteenth centuries, I recognized a Judeo-Persian fragment of a Jewish, anti-Christian polemic work. This fragment may be – or may not be – part of the Toledoth Yeshu literature. It contains a Gospel quotation in Syriac in Hebrew letters.
Unlawfully Authorised Projects under the Habitats Directive: Remediation at All Costs?
Authors: Braaksma Lolke , Haugsted Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
On 10 November 2022, the cjeu delivered its judgment in AquaPri concerning a Danish fish farm, which had been authorised in breach of the requirement to carry out an appropriate assessment laid down in Article 6(3) hd. The case provided the Court with an opportunity to clarify several important issues that may occur when the national authorities fail to carry out an appropriate assessment in line with this provision. In this annotation, we discuss the three main issues dealt with by the Court, namely (i) whether the renewal of existing permits falls under the concept of ‘project’ under Article 6(3) hd, (ii) the extent to which Member States must remedy the consequences of a failure to carry out an appropriate assessment, and (iii) the role of already conducted programme-based impact assessments in this regard.
New insights gained from collections of wild Lactuca relatives in the gene bank of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa
Authors: Beharav Alex , Stojakowska Anna , Nevo Eviatar , Lebeda Aleš 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Institute of Evolution’s (IoE’s) Wild Lettuce Gene Bank (WLGB), established in the mid 1990s, contains new and extensive collections of five wild Lactuca relatives (WLRs) originating from Israel and Armenia: L. serriola, L. aculeata, L. georgica, L. altaica, and L. saligna. The objectives of the WLGB relate to the identification, collection, distribution, conservation, and characterization of the population genetic structure of these unique germplasms for crop improvement. Comprehensive studies are ongoing to determine the taxonomic position and crossing potential of the critical mass of collected species with domesticated lettuce, L. sativa, based on: (i) select morphological and phenological characteristics; (ii) molecular data; (iii) downy mildew resistance and (iv) variation in biologically active secondary metabolite content. In this review we present an overview of our key findings and highlight the advances in knowledge on these themes. Our germplasm collections and novel results, obtained by detailed, large-scale screening of natural populations and individuals for genetic variation, will considerably advance crop breeding research and practices. In addition, we critically summarize the recent literature and findings relating to three additional WLRs: L. dregeana, L. scarioloides, and L. azerbaijanica. The main long-term purpose of our research is to facilitate broadening of the genetic variation of domesticated lettuce by using new and adaptive germplasm in interspecific hybridization of lettuce.
The Migration of Religion to New Zealand in the Shipboard Diaries of Scottish Presbyterians
Authors: Gattey Emma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drawing upon a collection held at Toitū Otago Settlers Museum, this article studies expressions of religious belief and practices in the shipboard diaries of Scottish Presbyterians who emigrated to Otago, New Zealand, from the mid-nineteenth century. Through close reading, this article amplifies diverse migrant voices aboard these ‘floating villages’, albeit united by their remarkably literate denomination. Offering rare portholes into personal experiences of the voyage, this article explores, first, the religious impetus to emigrate to a new Presbyterian haven; second, the organised religious rituals throughout the ship’s passage to New Zealand; and third, manifestations of popular religion, which informed perceptions of morality, health and disease, literature, leadership, festivities, prayer and nature. This article strengthens recent challenges to the secular emphasis of nationalist histories of settler colonies wherein migrants somehow abandoned their religion in transit, instead underlining the ship as a space for Scottish migrants to concentrate their religious mindset.
A Study of the Format and Formation of the *Si gao 四告 (Four Proclamations) of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips
Authors: Jia (賈連翔) Lianxiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The *Si gao 四告 (Four Proclamations) manuscript, published in the tenth volume of the Qinghua daxue cang Zhanguo zhujian 清華大學藏戰國竹簡 (Warring States Bamboo Slips in Collection of Tsinghua University), consists of four texts of prayers of Zhou Gong Dan 周公旦 (Dan, the Duke of Zhou), Zengsun Boqin 曾孫伯禽 (Great-Grandson Boqin; i.e., the Duke of Lu 魯公), Zengsun Man 曾孫滿 (Great-Grandson Man; i.e., King Mu of Zhou 周穆王), and Zengsun Shao Hu 曾孫召虎 (Great Grandson Shao Hu; i.e., Duke Mu of Shao 召穆公). They are not only important in terms of their content, but are also presented in a quite special format of considerable significance for understanding the process of book formation in pre-Qin times.
The Challenges of Pacifism and Nonviolence in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Jackson Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This reflection explores some of the reasons why the current historical moment provides an ideal opportunity to launch a new journal on pacifism and nonviolence. It goes on to argue that there are a number of compelling analytical and normative reasons for taking pacifism and nonviolence seriously, such as the failure of just war theory to regulate international violence, the power-resistance cycle, and the insights from social theory about the connection between the means and ends of social action. The reflection concludes with a warning about some of the key challenges facing the field, including the inevitable resistance from the vested interests in war and militarism, the challenge of decolonising Eurocentric social science, and the challenge of living up to the radicality of pacifist values.
Praxis of Emerging Liberations: a Transdisciplinary Knowledge-Making of How to Liberate Within-Against-and-Beyond Systems of Violence
Authors: Vinthagen Stellan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article advocates a system-critical approach to pacifism and nonviolence studies, one that affirms a liberation-oriented praxis that mobilizes revolutionary pacifism and nonviolence. Liberation from violence needs to be a multi-dimensional, multi-scalar and continuous process, at least based on three interconnected dimensions: (1) transdisciplinary knowledge-making through cooperation between different traditions of liberation, facilitating (2) creative combinations of self-transformation, constructive programs and resistance, and mobilizing through (3) translocal and intersectional network collaborations between communities. Such a Praxis of Emerging Liberations would be relevant for those most targeted by systemic violence and for ongoing struggles for a just peace and against a multitude of increasing threats including militarized nationalism, the proliferation of racism and whiteness, the acute climate crisis and ecocide, the imperialism of capital, neocolonialism, and weaponized heteropatriachy. This recommendation involves returning to the Gandhian roots of nonviolence, rejecting much of the mainstreaming of the academic field in recent decades.
Why Pacifism Now?
Authors: Ryan Cheyney 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pacifism has always been a marginal position, but only in the 20th century did it become stigmatized – i.e. dismissed and ridiculed as outside the boundaries of serious discussion. This reflected the rise of “total war”, as exemplified by the century’s two world wars, where the war making claims of the state on the individual became absolute, hence any questioning of war itself became heretical. After this century of war, our greatest challenge is not to repeat the endless aimless conflicts of the past. Pacifism’s contribution to this is partly theoretical. Through its analysis of the “war system” it debunks any thought that war can be ended by war, as the past has imagined; it can only be ended by unraveling the system itself. Pacifism’s contribution to this is practical, by placing the politics of nonviolence at the center of this task.
Talking to Children About War
Authors: Chae Lee-Ann 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
How should we talk to children about war? The basic story we tell them is that the world is split into good guys and bad guys, and that sometimes we have to kill the bad guys for the sake of justice. These stories of heroic killing teach children to train their attention on violence, and to interpret that violence as just or good. I show how this basic story – which also motivates much of our philosophical thinking about the morality of war and killing, mostly notably just war theory – makes it difficult for us to consider and evaluate pacific alternatives. If we are to give children the space to develop their imagination, so that they can more genuinely engage with the possibilities of nonviolence and peace, then we must learn to tell a different story.
Feminist Pacifism and the Timeliness of Being Untimely
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The question to which we have been asked to respond frames pacifism and non-violence as timely – it implies that there are reasons to study them more seriously now. Thinking about this question from the point of view of traditions and practices of feminist pacifism and non-violence, it is their untimeliness that has most often been at the forefront of their reception. The paper makes the paradoxical case that it is this untimeliness that is key to why we should take feminist pacifism seriously.
Depression in systemic lupus erythematosus: A manifestation of microcirculation dysfunction?
Authors: Koletsos Nikolaos , Dipla Konstantina , Triantafyllou Areti , Dolgyras Panagiotis , Aslanidis Spyros , Zafeiridis Andreas , Galanopoulou Vasiliki , Douma Stella , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia 
Published: March 2023

Objectives Depression is highly prevalent among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Brain hypoperfusion in neuropsychiatric SLE patients might be associated with emotional difficulties. However, no previous study examined possible associations of depression with brain oxygenation during a mild physical stress in non-neuropsychiatric SLE patients. Our study aimed to identify possible differences in cerebral oxygenation during exercise in SLE patients with and without depressive symptoms using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and examine possible underlying mechanisms through evaluation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) levels. Methods SLE patients without a known neuropsychiatric history or treatment with antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs were enrolled. Participants were assigned into groups based on Beck’s Depression Inventory I (BDI-I). Patients with BDI-I score ≥10 comprised the SLE-depression group and those with BDI-I score <9 the SLE-non-depression group. All participants underwent a protocol involving a seated rest, a 3-min handgrip exercise (at 30% of maximal strength), and a 3-min recovery. NIRS was used to monitor changes in cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), and total hemoglobin (tHb). VCAM-1 levels were measured in serum samples. Results Twenty-three patients were enrolled. During exercise, the SLE-depression group exhibited a significantly lower increase in cerebral O2Hb [(peak-O2Hb ( p = 0.039); O2Hb-area under the curve, AUC, p = 0.027) vs. SLE-non-depression group. BDI-I score was inversely correlated with AUC (rho = −0.493, p = 0.017) and positively correlated with VCAM-1 levels (rho = 0.501, p = 0.034). Conclusion This study suggests a possible association between emotional abnormalities and microvascular impairment (cerebral oxygenation and endothelial dysfunction) in SLE However, larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
Impact of Umbilical Cord Milking and Delayed Cord Clamping on Hematological Parameters in Term Neonates: A Case Control Study
Authors: Prakash Kulkarni Poornima , Masali Balavanthray Dayananda , Kandagal Jasmine , Kulkarni Vijay 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Placental transfusion is additional volume of blood transferred to the baby during birth. A newborn who receives placental transfusion at birth obtains 30% more blood volume than the newborn whose cord is cut immediately. Receiving an adequate blood volume from placental transfusion at birth may be protective for the distressed neonates. It provides sufficient iron reserves for the first 3 to 6 months of life there by preventing or delaying iron deficiency anemia until the use of iron fortified food is implemented. There are 2 ways of placental transfusion, they are delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord milking. Delayed cord clamping (defined as clamping till cessation of pulsations or up to 60-180 s) leads to improvement in levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit at 6 weeks of age. However, universal application is limited due to concerns for the risk of hypothermia, and delay in initiation of resuscitation if required. Umbilical cord milking involves milking the entire contents of the umbilical cord towards the baby with in 20 s. Umbilical cord milking can be used in deliveries where delayed cord clamping is not feasible. Objective Comparison of hematological parameters (cord hemoglobin at birth, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and bilirubin levels in term neonates at 48 h with umbilical cord milking and delayed cord clamping). Methods and Analysis In this study all the term neonates delivered by vaginal delivery and lower segment caesarean section born to nonanemic mothers were considered eligible. All newborns with no risk factors underwent delayed cord clamping (n = 148) and those term neonates in whom delayed cord clamping was not feasible and/or currently WHO guidelines recommend for immediate cord clamping were allocated for umbilical cord milking (n = 121). Cord hemoglobin at birth, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and bilirubin (direct and indirect) were sent at 48 h. These parameters were compared between 2 groups. Results At birth cord hemoglobin was 15.36 and 15.46 (mean difference = 0.1) in DCC and UCM, respectively. At 48 hours, mean hemoglobin was 18.73 and 18.95 (mean difference = 0.22, P = .3591). Mean hematocrit was 52.22 and 53.28 (mean difference = 1.06, P = .0989), and mean total bilirubin levels was 11.24 and 10.56 (mean difference = 0.69, P = .466). Conclusion There were no statistically significant differences in the hematological parameters in full term neonates at 48 h, between delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord milking groups.
How often does white matter hyperintensity volume regress in cerebral small vessel disease?
Authors: Brown Robin B , Tozer Daniel J , Egle Marco , Tuladhar Anil M , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Markus Hugh S 
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives: It has been suggested that white matter hyperintensity lesions (WMHs), which typically progress over time, can also regress, and that this might be associated with favorable cognitive performance. We determined the prevalence of WMH regression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and examined which demographic, clinical, and radiological markers were associated with this regression. Methods: We used semi-automated lesion marking methods to quantify WMH volume at multiple timepoints in three cohorts with symptomatic SVD; two with moderate-to-severe symptomatic SVD (the SCANS observational cohort and the control arm of the PRESERVE interventional trial) and one with mild-to-moderate SVD (the RUN DMC observational cohort). Mixed-effects ordered logistic regression models were used to test which factors predicted participants to show WMH regression. Results: No participants (0/98) in SCANS, 6/42 (14.3%) participants in PRESERVE, and 6/276 (2.2%) in RUN DMC showed WMH regression. On multivariate analysis, only lower WMH volume (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56) and better white matter microstructural integrity assessed by fractional anisotropy using diffusion tensor imaging (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.07–2.24) predicted participant classification as regressor versus stable or progressor. Discussion: Only a small proportion of participants demonstrated WMH regression across the three cohorts, when a blinded standardized assessment method was used. Subjects who showed regression had less severe imaging markers of disease at baseline. Our results show that lesion regression is uncommon in SVD and unlikely to be a major factor affecting the use of WMH quantification as an outcome for clinical trials.
The Practice of Infant Sleep Position among Mothers in Jimma Town Public Health Institutions, Jimma, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Yetwale Aynalem , Tigstu Bilen , Biyazin Tsegaw , Fenta Belete , Dagnaw Yalemtsehay , Dessalew Yaregal 
Published: March 2023

Background One of the important interventions in the infantile period is the selection of appropriate infant sleeping position. Unsafe infant sleep position is associated with sudden unexpected death in infancy. Yet, little is known about the practice of infant sleep position in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the practice of infant sleep position among mothers attending mother and child health service in Jimma town public health institutions, South West Ethiopia, 2022. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 409 women attending Maternal and child health service in Jimma town public health facilities. The data were collected using a pre-tested and semi- structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the practice infant sleeping positions and explanatory variables. The strength of association was evaluated using an odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval and a P-value ≤ .05 was considered to declare significant associations. Results Four hundred nine women participated in the study, with a response rate of 97%. The practice of recommended infant sleeping position (supine position) in this study was 33.5% [95% CI (28.9% - 38.6%)]. Being married Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% CI (1.04-6.48)), residence (AOR 1.88; 95% CI (1.1-3.31)) multi gravidity (AOR 1.6; 95% CI (1.02-2.59)) and having good knowledge of sleeping position (AOR 1.55; 95% CI (1.01-2.38)) were significantly associated with the practice of infant sleep position Conclusion The practice of medically recommended infant sleep position in this study was low. Being married, residence, multi gravidity and having good knowledge of sleeping position were significantly associated with the practice of infant sleep position. Therefore, considering these associated factors during health care provision and disseminating information on safe sleep practices for mothers is needed. Also, different stakeholders, including the federal ministry of health, health professionals, and health institutions at different levels, need to give attention to such problems in addition to the service to reduce infant mortality
Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries
Authors: Pulakka Anna , Risnes Kari , Metsälä Johanna , Alenius Suvi , Heikkilä Katriina , Nilsen Sara Marie , Näsänen-Gilmore Pieta , Haaramo Peija , Gissler Mika , Opdahl Signe , Kajantie Eero 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPreterm birth affects lungs in several ways but few studies have follow-up until adulthood. We investigated the association of the entire spectrum of gestational ages with specialist care episodes for obstructive airway disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) at age 18–50 years.MethodsWe used nationwide registry data on 706 717 people born 1987–1998 in Finland (4.8% preterm) and 1 669 528 born 1967–1999 in Norway (5.0% preterm). Care episodes of asthma and COPD were obtained from specialised healthcare registers, available in Finland for 2005–2016 and in Norway for 2008–2017. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for having a care episode with either disease outcome.ResultsOdds of any obstructive airway disease in adulthood for those born at <28 or 28–31 completed weeks were 2–3-fold of those born full term (39–41 completed weeks), persisting after adjustments. For individuals born at 32–33, 34–36 or 37–38 weeks, the odds were 1.1- to 1.5-fold. Associations were similar in the Finnish and the Norwegian data and among people aged 18–29 and 30–50 years. For COPD at age 30–50 years, the OR was 7.44 (95% CI 3.49–15.85) for those born at <28 weeks, 3.18 (95% CI 2.23–4.54) for those born at 28–31 weeks and 2.32 (95% CI 1.72–3.12) for those born at 32–33 weeks. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infancy increased the odds further for those born at <28 and 28–31 weeks.ConclusionPreterm birth is a risk factor for asthma and COPD in adulthood. The high odds of COPD call for diagnostic vigilance when adults born very preterm present with respiratory symptoms.