bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relations of Teacher Use of Anti-bullying Components at Classroom and Individual Levels with Teacher and School Characteristics
Authors: Baraldsnes Dziuginta , Caravita Simona Carla Silvia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the literature about bullying prevention and intervention, still little is known about teacher and school characteristics possibly affecting an implementation of a whole-school approach anti-bullying programme. This study investigates the relations of teachers’ anti-bullying components at classroom and individual levels with teachers’ sociodemographics (gender, age, work experience and teaching in primary vs lower and upper secondary school) and school features (size, and duration of working with a whole-school approach anti-bullying programme). Teachers (n = 1576) in 99 Lithuanian schools implementing the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program answered a standardised online self-administered questionnaire. Through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (Principal Axis Factoring extraction method), we individuated a model of teachers’ implementation of anti-bullying components, consisting of three dimensions: classroom management, tutorship (organisation of class meetings and work with parents) and direct intervention into bullying incidents. In multilevel analyses, significant associations emerged between the three dimensions, teacher socio-demographics and school characteristics. Female teachers put more effort than male teachers into classroom management, tutorship and intervention into bullying incidents. Younger teachers put more effort than older teachers into all the three dimensions. Primary school teachers put more effort into classroom management and tutorship dimensions. Teachers with more working experience put more effort into intervening into bullying incidents. Lastly, teachers from certified Olweus schools with a longer duration of implementing the OBBP put more effort into direct intervention into bullying incidents. These results shed light on relevant characteristics affecting teachers’ efforts within anti-bullying components that need to be considered when implementing interventions.
Working animal welfare and their multidimensional roles on livelihood improvement in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tariku Getasew Daru , Biza Tarekegn Derbib , Tesfaye Senait Kehali , Kebede Sinkie Alemu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Working animals have a crucial socio-economic role to play for many low-income communities. One such example is in Ethiopia where virtually all the draught power for agricultural production derives from working animals. However, despite this, the welfare status of working animals in this country remains poor. Hence, a clear understanding of the major welfare problems faced by working animals is key to helping improve their welfare status and to maximise their economic contribution. This systematic literature review encompasses 28 studies published between 2010–2024, that address the role of working animals and the factors impinging on their welfare. Suitability of papers for inclusion (and exclusion) involved use of a PRISMA flow diagram. In this review, we also sought to define the exact role of working animals with them found to be used not only for draught power but also as a direct source of food as well as income. A lack of medical care was also highlighted with animals afforded limited access to feed and water, subjected to regular physical abuse, and deprived of access to shelter. Insufficient assessment of welfare and improper methods of data analysis were also found to be an issue, factors that require to be addressed by future researchers to help improve the welfare of working animals in this region
How We Could Have Libertarian Free Will Even if God Were a Total Know-It-All About the Future
Authors: Balaguer Mark , Chan Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We argue that libertarianism (roughly, the thesis that we have indeterministic, libertarian free will) is compatible with God’s infallible foreknowledge. We use eternalism (roughly, the thesis that reality is a 4-dimensional block and that past, present, and future objects exist) as an explanatory stepping stone between libertarianism and God’s foreknowledge: eternalism entails that (and comes close to explaining how) an omniscient God would know what we decide in the future even if we have libertarian free will. This account also explains what is wrong with standard fatalist arguments for the incompatibility of free will and God’s foreknowledge.
Obesity after Natural disasters and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nour Tahir Yousuf , Altintaş Kerim Hakan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Natural disasters occur unexpectedly, leading to long-term consequences like obesity. That contributes to various noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review aimed to examine the link between natural disasters and obesity, along with related risk factors.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between natural disasters and obesity, as well as the associated risk factors.

Methods
A thorough search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, HINARI, and Google Scholar. Additional articles were manually searched. Studies that reported weight gain and risk factors were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. Data were collected from eligible articles and synthesized.

Results
The participants in this research ranged from 3 months to 67 years old. Of the 17 articles, 11 focused on children, while the 5 focused on adults and 1 on adolescents. All studies followed a cohort design, with follow-up periods varying from 6 months to 15.5 years. Results indicated weight gain post-disaster, with risk factors including sedentary behavior, unhealthy eating habits, maternal high Body Mass Index (BMI), mixed feeding, stress, alcohol consumption, coastal residence, temporary housing, and timing from disaster onset.

Conclusions
This research emphasizes the significance of addressing post-disaster obesity as a pivotal aspect of public health, suggesting its integration with immediate priorities such as trauma management. Emphasizing its long-lasting effects across generations, the study offers policymakers valuable insights to develop effective approaches in tackling post-disaster obesity.
Bounds for equilibrium states on amenable group subshifts
Authors: HEDGES C. EVANS 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove a result on equilibrium measures for potentials with summable variation on arbitrary subshifts over a countable amenable group. For finite configurations v and w, if v is always replaceable by w, we obtain a bound on the measure of v depending on the measure of w and a cocycle induced by the potential. We then use this result to show that under this replaceability condition, we can obtain bounds on the Lebesgue–Radon–Nikodym derivative

$d (\mu _\phi \circ \xi ) / d\mu _\phi $

for certain holonomies

$\xi $

that generate the homoclinic (Gibbs) relation. As corollaries, we obtain extensions of results by Meyerovitch [Gibbs and equilibrium measures for some families of subshifts. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 33(3) (2013), 934–953], and García-Ramos and Pavlov [Extender sets and measures of maximal entropy for subshifts. J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2)100(3) (2019), 1013–1033] to the countable amenable group subshift setting. Our methods rely on the exact tiling result for countable amenable groups by Downarowicz, Huczek, and Zhang [Tilings of amenable groups. J. Reine Angew. Math. 2019(747) (2019), 277–298] and an adapted proof technique from García-Ramos and Pavlov.
Online target normal sheath acceleration proton beam stabilization at 1 Hz in ultra-intense laser–matter interaction
Authors: Henares Jose Luis , Ehret Michael , Apiñaniz Jon , Salgado-López Carlos , Pérez-Hernández José Antonio , Berlanga María Luisa , Fernández Ana María Cives , Filippov Evgeny , García-García Enrique , Martín Rubén Hernández , De Luis Diego , Puyuelo-Valdes Pilar , Rodríguez-Pérez Isabel , Frías María Dolores Rodríguez , Vladisavlevici Iuliana-Mariana , Gatti Giancarlo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a versatile high-repetition-rate solid tape target system suitable for relativistic laser-plasma driven secondary sources. We demonstrate the operation and stability monitoring based on a petawatt laser focused at 1 Hz. Experiments were carried out at the VEGA-3 laser system of the Centro de Láseres Pulsados facility where results for different tape materials and thicknesses are presented. Experimental proton spectra were recorded by a Thomson parabola spectrometer and a time-of-flight detector. In addition, non-invasive detectors, such as a target charging monitor and ionization chamber detectors, were tested as metrology for the stability of the source. Degradation of the proton signal at high-repetition-rate operation was observed and it was solved by online optimization of the relative focus position of the target and laser beam parameters. We report the use of the tape target for bursts of 1000 shots at 1 Hz with mean cut-off energies of about 10 MeV in optimized interaction conditions.
Isolated loss of vaccine immunity in the protein losings syndrome in a patient with a reverse one and a half ventricle palliation (“failing Fontan-like physiology”)
Authors: Leroy Martin , Weis Angelika , Backhoff David , Santibanez Sabine , Mankertz Annette , Jux Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:A subgroup of CHDs can only be treated palliatively through a Fontan circulation. In case of a failing Fontan situation, serum proteins are lost unspecifically and can also lead to a loss of vaccine antibodies. In a failing Fontan situation, heart transplantation may be the only feasible option.Patient:We describe a 17-year-old patient born with a hypoplastic left heart complex, who underwent Fontan completion at the age of 4 years and developed a failing Fontan physiology. Therefore, a Fontan takedown with creation of a reverse 1½-circulation was performed. Multiple exacerbations of protein losing enteropathy occurred with a hypoproteinaemia, hypalbuminaemia, and hypogammaglobulinaemia. The patient was hospitalised several times and treated with intravenous application of immunoglobulins and albumin for symptom control. Before one of this substitutions, the immunoglobulin G against measles, mumps, and rubella was determined: the patient’s serum demonstrated a positive measles and rubella, but mumps was negative. After administration of the iv-therapy, the lacking antibodies were replenished, and there was a positive test for mumps.Method:Serum samples were analysed by neutralisation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Conclusion:Although the patient had been vaccinated according to national guidelines, we saw an intermittent immune deficiency for mumps, but not for rubella and measles. For patient with a failing Fontan circulation, we recommend to test to vaccine antibodies for mumps, measles, and rubella with an ELISA an if its negative with a neutralisation test, especially in view of a possible heart transplantation to find a possible immune deficiency.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to breast-feeding support practices in hospitals and birthing facilities in the USA
Authors: Kang Bee-Ah , Gonzalez-Nahm Sarah , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) designation is known to increase breast-feeding rates in the USA. However, less is known about barriers and facilitators to breast-feeding support practices in BFHI hospitals and how they differ from non-BFHI hospitals. We examined what barriers and facilitators are perceived to affect breast-feeding practices among BFHI and non-BFHI hospital administrators and further explored factors that presented challenges to the adoption and continuation of breast-feeding support practices.

Design:
Cross-sectional study was conducted. We measured whether hospitals were implementing 12 breast-feeding support practices and identified barriers and facilitators to the practices. The survey questionnaire included both structured and open-ended questions.

Setting:
This study included hospital administrators from both BFHI and non-BFHI hospitals from all regions of the USA to help elucidate potential differences.

Participants:
A stratified random sample of 50 % of BFHI and 50 % of non-BFHI hospitals was obtained. The final sample size included 113 BFHI and 177 non-BFHI hospital administrators.

Results:
Low interest among mothers was reported as the most significant barrier to providing breast-feeding support among all administrators. Non-BFHI hospital administrators were more likely to report cost, nursing staff and physician resistance and hospital infrastructure as barriers to initiating practices. In-person training was cited as the most important facilitator among both groups.

Conclusions:
Strengthening prenatal education for mothers and trainings for administrative and nursing staff and physicians is warranted in BFHI and non-BFHI hospitals. Staff management and hospital infrastructure need to be improved particularly in non-BFHI hospitals to provide adequate breast-feeding support for mothers.
The relationship between maternal age, obesity and child mortality: a cross-sectional study using 2013–2014 Demographic and Health Survey in Democratic Republic of the Congo at national, and sub-national levels
Authors: Tsala Dimbuene Zacharie , Muanza Nzuzi Raphaël , Mabanza Matondo Severin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between maternal age and nutritional status, and test associations between maternal nutritional status and child mortality with a focus on maternal obesity.

Design:
Secondary analysis of data from nationally representative cross-sectional sample of women of reproductive ages (15–49 years) and their children under 5 years. The outcome variable for maternal nutritional status was BMI, classified into underweight (BMI < 18·50 kg/m2), normal weight (18·50–24·99 kg/m2), overweight (25·0–29·9 kg/m2) and obesity (>=30·0 kg/m2). Child mortality was captured with five binary variables measuring the risk of dying in specific age intervals (neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, childhood and under-five mortality).

Setting:
The most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Participants:
The final samples consisted of 7892 women of reproductive ages (15–49 years) and 19 003 children aged 0–59 months.

Results:
The prevalence of obesity was estimated at 3·4 %; it increased with maternal age. Furthermore, obesity unevenly affected provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kinshasa, South Kivu, North Kivu and Maniema were most affected. Finally, maternal obesity showed mixed effects on child mortality.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of obesity is still low; however, provinces are unevenly affected. Therefore, interventions and programmes to improve nutrition should incorporate geographical disparities to tackle adverse child outcomes associated with maternal obesity, to limit negative consequences of maternal obesity, including non-communicable diseases which might be a strong impediment to reach Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 3.
PROPER
$\mathrm {CAT(0)}$
ACTIONS OF UNIPOTENT-FREE LINEAR GROUPS
Authors: Douba Sami 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLet
$\Gamma $
be a finitely generated group of matrices over
$\mathbb {C}$
. We construct an isometric action of
$\Gamma $
on a complete
$\mathrm {CAT}(0)$
space such that the restriction of this action to any subgroup of
$\Gamma $
containing no nontrivial unipotent elements is well behaved. As an application, we show that if M is a graph manifold that does not admit a nonpositively curved Riemannian metric, then any finite-dimensional
$\mathbb {C}$
-linear representation of
$\pi _1(M)$
maps a nontrivial element of
$\pi _1(M)$
to a unipotent matrix. In particular, the fundamental groups of such 3-manifolds do not admit any faithful finite-dimensional unitary representations.
African Views of Chinese Engagement: The Political Economy of a Gender Gap
Authors: Karreth Ann K. , Karreth Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mass public opinion on globalization shows a persistent gender gap, but explanations for this gap differ. In the context of Africa, understanding this gender gap is particularly important because of women’s growing representation in legislatures and the rapid expansion of global economic flows on the continent. Why are women on average more skeptical of foreign economic actors? We consider this question across Sub-Saharan African countries, using Chinese economic engagement as a salient, visible form of economic globalization. Numerous studies have explored the impact of China’s presence on Africans’ attitudes toward China, but we know little about a documented gender gap in these attitudes. We explore the roots of this gap from an angle of economic vulnerability, positing that women at higher risk of a negative economic impact of Chinese engagement are more likely to view China negatively than their male counterparts. Using multilevel analyses of up to 84,000 respondents from up to 37 countries, we find a consistent pattern of economic vulnerability explaining the gender gap in attitudes, and factors associated with economic security mitigating it. Our findings suggest that economic vulnerability shapes attitudes differently across genders, and that increasing representation of women in African legislatures may have implications for policies toward Chinese engagement.
Catchments Amplify Reservoir Thermal Response to Climate Warming
Authors: Gai Bo , Kumar Rohini , Hüesker Frank , Mi Chenxi , Kong Xiangzhen , Boehrer Bertram , Rinke Karsten , Shatwell Tom 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLentic waters integrate atmosphere and catchment processes, and thus ultimately capture climate signals. However, studies of climate warming effects on lentic waters usually do not sufficiently account for a change in heat flux from the catchment through altered inflow temperature and discharge under climate change. This is particularly relevant for reservoirs, which are highly impacted by catchment hydrology and may be affected by upstream reservoirs or pre‐dams. This study explicitly quantified how the catchment and pre‐dams modify the thermal response of Rappbode Reservoir, Germany's largest drinking water reservoir system, to climate change. We established a catchment‐lake modeling chain in the main reservoir and its two pre‐dams utilizing the lake model GOTM, the catchment model mHM, and the stream temperature model Air2stream, forced by an ensemble of climate projections under RCP2.6 and 8.5 warming scenarios. Results exhibited a warming of 0.27/0.15°C decade−1 for the surface/bottom temperatures of the main reservoir, with approximately 8%/24% of this warming attributed to the catchment warming, respectively. The catchment warming amplified the deep water warming more than at the surface, contrary to the atmospheric warming effect, and advanced stratification by about 1 week, while having a minor impact on stratification intensity. On the other hand, pre‐dams reduced the inflow temperature into the main reservoir in spring, and consequently lowered the hypolimnetic temperature and postponed stratification onset. This shielded the main reservoir from climate warming, although overall the contribution of pre‐dams was minimal. Altogether, our study highlights the importance of catchment alterations and seasonality when projecting reservoir warming, and provides insights into catchment‐reservoir coupling under climate change.
Rapid Automated Mapping of Clouds on Titan With Instance Segmentation
Authors: Yahn Zachary , Trent Douglas M. , Duncan Ethan , Seignovert Benoît , Santerre John , Nixon Conor A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite widespread adoption of deep learning models to address a variety of computer vision tasks, planetary science has yet to see extensive utilization of such tools to address its unique problems. On Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, tracking seasonal trends and weather patterns of clouds provides crucial insights into one of the most complex climates in the Solar System, yet much of the available image data are still analyzed in a conventional way. In this work, we apply a Mask R‐CNN trained via transfer learning to perform instance segmentation of clouds in Titan images acquired by the Cassini spacecraft—a previously unexplored approach to a “big data” problem in planetary science. We demonstrate that an automated technique can provide quantitative measures for clouds, such as areas and centroids, that may otherwise be prohibitively time‐intensive to produce by human mapping. Furthermore, despite Titan‐specific challenges, our approach yields accuracy comparable to contemporary cloud identification studies on Earth and other worlds. We compare the efficiencies of human‐driven versus algorithmic approaches, showing that transfer learning provides speed‐ups that may open new horizons for data investigation for Titan. Moreover, we suggest that such approaches have broad potential for application to similar problems in planetary science where they are currently under‐utilized. Future planned missions to the planets and remote sensing initiatives for the Earth promise to provide a deluge of image data in the coming years that will benefit strongly from leveraging machine learning approaches to perform the analysis.
Statistical Study on the Effect of Meridional Neutral Wind on the Occurrence of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities
Authors: Aderaw Bantayehu , Nigussie Melessew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe navigation and radio communication systems experience significant disruptions due to post‐sunset equatorial ionospheric irregularities. There is ongoing debate regarding the impact of meridional/trans‐equatorial wind speed on these irregularities, though it is widely agreed that the Pre‐Reversal Enhancement (PRE) plasma vertical drift velocity plays a key role in their occurrence. In this study, it is examined how F‐layer meridional neutral winds affect the post‐sunset equatorial ionospheric irregularities using GOCE satellite data in the years 2012–2013 employing statistical analysis. The Rate of Total Electron content (TEC) Index (ROTI) is commonly used to monitor ionospheric irregularities. The finding reveals a strong correlation between ROTI values and the differences in meridional wind speeds at the north and south equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests. Observations show that smaller speed differences (less than ∼5 m/s) between the north and south EIA crests support the formation of post‐sunset ionospheric irregularities, while larger speed differences (more than 5 m/s) do not support irregularity formation.