bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new optimized least‐square sparse channel estimation scheme for underwater acoustic communication
Authors: Kumar Anand 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn underwater acoustic (UWA) communication, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technology that is highly essential to get channel state information meant for channel estimation (CE). Nevertheless, higher complexity, slower convergence, and poor performance, which degrade the performance estimation, are the limitations of the traditional CE methodologies. Thus, by amalgamating the least square (LS)‐CE algorithm along with polynomial interpolated black widow optimization (PI‐BWO) model, an optimized least square sparse (OLSS) CE algorithm has been proposed to intend for a UWA‐OFDM communication system. Formerly, by utilizing the 2's complement shift left turbo encoding (2CSL‐TE) methodology, the input signal is encoded. After that, the modulated encoded signal is provided for inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations; subsequently, they are transferred over the UWA channel toward the receiver OFDM. By employing the OLSS methodology, the received OFDM signal's interference‐free region is utilized for sparse CE at the receiver. Regarding symbol error rate (SER), bit error rate (BER), mean square error (MSE), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), the proposed model's experiential outcome is evaluated and analogized with the other prevailing methodologies. When analogized with the conventional models, the proposed estimation methodologies achieved better performance.
Prenatal substance exposure, early‐life adversity, and parenting: Associations with adolescent stress response
Authors: Eiden Rina D. , Ettekal Idean , Zhao Junru , Kelm Madison R. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Ostrov Jamie M. , Schuetze Pamela , Godleski Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe tested a conceptual model examining associations between prenatal substance exposure and adolescent cortisol reactivity profiles in response to an acute social evaluative stressor. We included cortisol reactivity in infancy, and direct and interactive effects of early‐life adversity and parenting behaviors (sensitivity, harshness) from infancy to early school age on adolescent cortisol reactivity profiles in model testing. Participants were 216 families (51% female children; 116 cocaine‐exposed) recruited at birth, oversampled for prenatal substance exposure, and assessed from infancy to early adolescence (EA). Majority of participants self‐identified as Black (72% mothers, 57.2% adolescents), and caregivers were primarily from low‐income families (76%), were single (86%), and had high school or below education (70%) at recruitment. Latent profile analyses identified three cortisol reactivity patterns including elevated (20.4%), moderate (63.1%), and blunted (16.5%) reactivity groups. Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with higher likelihood of membership in the elevated reactivity compared to the moderate reactivity group. Higher caregiver sensitivity in early life was associated with lower likelihood of membership in the elevated reactivity group. Prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with higher maternal harshness. Interaction effects among early‐life adversity and parenting indicated that caregiver sensitivity buffered, and harshness exacerbated, the likelihood that high early adversity would be associated with the elevated and blunted reactivity groups. Results highlight the potential importance of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure for cortisol reactivity and the role of parenting as exacerbating or buffering the impact of early‐life adversity on adolescent stress response.
Sustainable dropwise condensation enabled ultraefficient heat pipes
Authors: Chang Wei , Luo Kai , Wang Pengtao , Abdulshaheed Ahmed A. , Li Chen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeat pipes play a critical role in determining the operations, safety, and energy efficiency of electronics. The main focus to improve the heat pipe performance is on the evaporator design or wicking structures. However, the intrinsic limitation comes from the condenser, which is fundamentally constrained by inefficient filmwise condensation (FWC). In this study, we successfully achieved a peak effective thermal conductivity (keff) of ~140 kW/(m·K) on widely used groove heat pipes by implementing sustianble dropwise condensation (DWC) and integrating with enhanced evaporator. To better understand the working mechanisms of the ultraefficient heat pipe, both the evaporator and condenser of the heat pipes have been modified accordingly. Our results show that up to 296% enhancements on the keff can be achieved under various inclination angles by only inducing DWC in the condenser section. The drawback of temperature fluctuations induced by DWC in smooth heat pipes appears to be effectively solved using the grooves‐wicking structure. Furthermore, by integrating the nanostructured evaporator, the keff of the heat pipe can be boosted up to 517% compared to conventional groove heat pipes. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the huge potential of engineering both the condenser and evaporator simultaneously in developing ultraefficient heat pipes.
Enhancing structural complexity: An experiment conducted in the Black Forest National Park, Germany
Authors: Asbeck Thomas , Benneter Adam , Huber Alexander , Margaritis Damaris , Buse Jörn , Popa Flavius , Pyttel Patrick , Förschler Marc , Gärtner Stefanie , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report on a structural complexity enhancement (SCE) experiment that was designed to test ecological restoration measures in the Black Forest National Park, Germany. The main goal was to understand as to whether the creation of standing and downed deadwood within previously managed, single‐layered Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forests accelerates the development of forest structure, richness, and diversity of a range of taxonomic groups. Here we introduce the experimental design and describe the development of stand structure including abundance and richness of tree‐related microhabitats (TreMs) within 5 years after initiation of the experiment in October 2016. To enhance structural complexity in treatment plots, 10 trees per plot were toppled using a skidder winch, and another 10 trees were ring barked at a height of around 60 cm above ground level with a chainsaw. To monitor stand structure, we collected data on common forest attributes such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and TreMs of all trees in the six experimental and six control plots measuring 0.25 ha in size before the treatments were carried out in 2016 and again in 2020/21. We analyzed the abundance and richness of TreMs using generalized linear mixed models with DBH and treatment vs. control as predictors. The SCE treatment resulted in a significant increase in deadwood volumes (4.2 vs. 439.5 m3) as well as in TreM abundance and richness (increase of 0.74 TreMs per tree). This indicates that the SCE treatment was effective to increase biodiversity‐relevant structures such as deadwood and TreMs, in previously managed Norway spruce‐dominated stands. The ongoing monitoring of a range of taxonomic groups (birds, bats, small mammals, coleoptera, fungi, mosses, and vascular plants) in this experiment will demonstrate to what extent the enhancement in structural complexity will lead to an enrichment in species richness and diversity.
Synthesis of [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimics with Lipoic acid and its Selenium Analogue as Anchor Groups
Authors: Benndorf Stefan , Groni Sihem , Stafast Leanne M. , Görls Helmar , Fave Claire , Schöllhorn Bernd , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract[FeFe] hydrogenase (H2ase) mimicking complexes containing lipoic and selenolipoic acid moieties connected to 2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dithiopropane and 2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐diselenopropane bridging ligands were synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic methods. X‐ray diffraction analysis was utilized to determine the molecular structure of a triphenylphosphane substituted analogue. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) investigations on the redox chemistry in presence and absence of acetic acid (AcOH) revealed differing behaviours among the mimics. IR spectroelectrochemistry (IR SEC) enabled deeper insights of structural changes during electrochemical measurements. The elaboration of surface confined systems was studied in preliminary experiments. CV experiments showed that the lipoic acid derivatives of the [FeFe] H2ase mimics formed well‐organized self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Pt electrodes, a promising result for future work.
Effect of organic loading on bioelectricity generation potential of dual‐chambered microbial fuel cell treating chocolaterie wastewater
Authors: Chandrasekarabarathi Subha , ArunKumar Priya , Jeyakumar Rajesh Banu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFC) are recent advancements in treating wastewater and generating power simultaneously. In the present study, chocolaterie wastewater rich in organic content was the substrate in a dual‐chambered MFC. Activated Carbon Fiber Felt (ACFF) electrodes (anode and cathode) were separated by Nafion 117 proton exchange membrane in the dual‐chambered reactor. The primary goal was to investigate the impact of organic loading on MFC efficiency in treating chocolaterie wastewater and carrying out microbial analysis. 1, 2, 3, and 4 gCOD/L were the organic loadings of the reactor. MFC performance increased till the optimum value, and after that, it declined. A total of 2 gCOD/L was the optimum organic loading. At this optimum organic loading, dual‐chambered MFC removed 79% of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), 70% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), and 67% of total suspended solids (TSS). At 2 gCOD/L organic loading, the maximum power density was 99 mW/m2. Coulombic efficiency was 58% at 1 gCOD/L and 30% at 2 gCOD/L organic loadings. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Ochrobactrum and Pseudomonas sp. as dominant exoelectrogens in the anodic biofilm. These species were proven for the contaminant degradation efficiency and potential for power generation. Hence dual‐chambered MFCs can treat high‐strength chocolaterie wastewaters efficiently at optimum operating conditions.
A disease concept model for STXBP1‐related disorders
Authors: Sullivan Katie R. , Ruggiero Sarah M. , Xian Julie , Thalwitzer Kim M. , Ali Rahma , Stewart Sydni , Cosico Mahgenn , Steinberg Jackie , Goss James , Pfalzer Anna C. , Horning Kyle J. , Weitzel Nicole , Corey Sydney , Conway Laura , Rigby Charlene Son , Bichell Terry Jo , Helbig Ingo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveSTXBP1‐related disorders are rare genetic epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders, but the impact of symptoms across clinical domains is poorly understood. Disease concept models are formal frameworks to assess the lived experience of individuals and their families and provide a basis for generating outcome measures.MethodsWe conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with 19 caregivers of 16 individuals with STXBP1‐related disorders and 7 healthcare professionals. We systematically coded themes using NVivo software and grouped concepts into the domains of symptoms, symptom impact, and caregiver impact. We quantified the frequency of concepts throughout the lifespan and across clinical subgroups stratified by seizure history and developmental trajectories.ResultsOver 25 hours of interviews, we coded a total of 3626 references to 38 distinct concepts. In addition to well‐recognized clinical features such as developmental delay (n = 240 references), behavior (n = 201), and seizures (n = 147), we identified previously underrepresented symptoms including gastrointestinal (n = 68) and respiratory symptoms (n = 24) and pain (n = 30). The most frequently referenced symptom impacts were autonomy (n = 96), socialization (n = 64), and schooling (n = 61). Emotional impact (n = 354), support (n = 200), and daily life & activities (n = 108) were highly cited caregiver impacts. We found that seizures were more commonly referenced in infancy than in other age groups, while behavior and socialization were more likely to be referred to in childhood. We found that caregivers of individuals with ongoing seizures were less likely to reference developmental delay, possibly due to the relatively high impact of seizures.SignificanceSTXBP1‐related disorders are complex conditions affecting a wide range of clinical and social domains. We comprehensively mapped symptoms and their impact on families to generate a comprehensive disease model as a foundation for clinical endpoints in future trials.
Seismic analysis of 3D train–wheel–bridge–bearing systems: Illustrative examples
Authors: Li Hong‐Wei , Xu Zhao‐Dong , Gomez Daniel , Dyke Shirley J. , Wang You‐Wu , Ni Yi‐Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents numerical studies using the model of the three‐dimensional train–wheel–bridge–bearing (TWBB) system. The system responses under train‐induced excitation only, earthquake excitation only, and combined train‐induced plus earthquake excitation are evaluated in terms of structural safety, running safety, and ride comfort. By coupling the subsystem models, these numerical simulations require just seconds to execute, exhibiting high computational efficiency. Based on the simulation results, the main conclusion is that although the bearings may reduce the seismic bridge responses, they also are likely to deteriorate the train's running safety and ride comfort. Therefore, there is a requirement in future bearings design procedures for railway bridges to find a balance between the bridge and train seismic responses.
Digital resilience monitoring of informal caregivers of persons with dementia for early detection of overburden: Development and pilot testing
Authors: Oostra Dorien L. , Vos Wouter L. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , Nieuwboer Minke S. , Perry Marieke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesInformal caregiving is becoming increasingly important in dementia care, but causes a considerable burden on caregivers which impacts their wellbeing. We aimed to develop and pilot test a digital monitoring tool (REsilience Monitor for INformal caregivers in Dementia [REMIND]) for wellbeing and resilience of informal caregivers to provide timely support and thereby prevent their overburden and eventually crises admissions of persons with dementia.MethodsA human‐centered design method based on co‐creation with informal caregivers and professionals was used to design REMIND. During co‐creation meetings and in‐between sprint sessions, a point of focus was formulated, and a prototype was created. Case manager‐caregiver duos pilot‐tested REMIND for 3 months. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to determine usability and acceptability. Thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts.ResultsInformal caregivers and professionals with varying backgrounds participated in three co‐creation meetings. Defined point of focus was to develop a tool that is able to provide insight into the experienced burden of informal caregivers. The REMIND prototype consisted of weekly questions about wellbeing and resilience for informal caregivers and a dashboard with answers for case managers. Eight case managers and 13 informal caregivers considered REMIND easy‐to‐use. Informal caregivers mentioned that REMIND stimulated self‐reflection. Case managers appreciated the tool's ability to gain insight in the actual wellbeing of informal caregivers.ConclusionsThe REMIND tool developed in co‐creation with end‐users potentially increases insight in actual wellbeing of informal caregivers for both caregivers and case managers. A long‐term (controlled) follow‐up study is needed to evaluate REMIND's impact on caregiver burden and crisis admissions.
Returns to scale, spillovers and persistence: A network perspective of U.S. bank size
Authors: Glass Anthony J. , Kenjegalieva Karligash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe methods for ray‐scale economies (RSE) and expansion‐path scale economies (EPSE) are extended to the dynamic spatial setting. We apply these methods to large U.S. banks using dynamic spatial cost and revenue models and key findings include the following. First, accounting for spillovers and dynamics strengthens the case for EPSE over RSE. Second, own, spillover and total EPSE are very persistent in future periods. Third, the EPSE suggest that an appropriate regulatory size cap would shift one systemically important bank to its contemporaneous optimal scale. However, the EPSE suggest that this would be a sub‐optimal dynamic scale in future periods.
XCapsNet: A deep neural network for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Gour Mahesh , Jain Sweta , Kaushal Sushant 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal condition in which the blood vessels of the retina are damaged. If DR is not detected in its early stage, it can lead to visual impairment and even blindness. For DR diagnosis, ophthalmologists manually examine the condition of the retina using fundus images. This manual way of DR detection is cumbersome, error‐prone, and time‐consuming, and it requires skilled ophthalmologists. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning‐based hybrid model named XCapsNet, which combines the discriminative ability of the Xception and Capsule networks for automated detection of DR from the fundus images. In the proposed approach, we applied the CLAHE image preprocessing technique to improve the discriminative information in fundus images by enhancing the contrast of the images. Furthermore, in the proposed XCapNet model, we utilized the pretrained Xception and CapsNet models to learn the discriminative and hierarchically deep features of the DR fundus images at multiple labels of abstraction for diagnosing the DR disease. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on the two publicly available APTOS2019 and Messidor datasets. The proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 83.06% and 98.91% on the APTOS2019 dataset for multiclass and binary‐class classification of DR images, respectively. On the Messidor dataset, the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 98.33% for the classification of fundus images into DR and Normal classes. Additionally, we have also investigated the performance of different pretrained CNN models for DR detection. The proposed method shows its superiority over the existing methods.
Quantum model of dynamic Stark‐induced degenerate vibronic state by two nonresonant shift‐up lasers for π‐electron angular momentum generation
Authors: Mineo Hirobumi , Ho Quang Huy , Phan Ngoc‐Loan , Fujimura Yuichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA theoretical scenario for the generation of coherent π‐electron angular momentum in a low‐symmetry aromatic molecule using two nonresonant shift‐up lasers is presented. The effects of vibrational modes on coherent π‐electron angular momentum are considered in the adiabatic approximation. In this scenario, two electronic excited states are irradiated with two linearly polarized nonresonant lasers. This causes a consistent up‐shift in the vibronic energy levels of each electronically excited state toward higher energy as a result of the dynamic Stark effect. For the weak coupling case of the electronic‐vibrational interactions, the lowest vibronic states in the two electronic excited states are designed to be degenerate by varying the parameters (frequency and intensity) of each laser. The resultant degenerate state, called the dynamic Stark‐induced degenerate vibronic state (DSIDVS), is the origin of the coherent π‐electron angular momentum generation. An optimal laser parameter set is determined under conditions in which the lowest two vibronic states form the DSIDVS. The DSIDVS was formulated by the method of Laplace transformations. An analytical expression for the coherent π‐electron angular momentum was derived in the displaced harmonic oscillator model. We examined the dependence of the time‐averaged z‐component of the coherent angular momentum on the ratio of the two detunings and potential displacements of toluene, a typical low‐symmetry aromatic ring molecule, which belongs to the weak coupling case and is adopted to demonstrate the theoretical scenario. The inclusion of potential displacements in the angular momentum generation was found to reduce the value of by half, compared with that in the frozen nuclear approximation.
Identification of the phytohormones indole‐3‐acetic acid and trans‐zeatin in microalgae
Authors: Cruz Camila Gonzales , da Rosa Ana Priscila Centeno , Costa Jorge Alberto Vieira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae can biosynthesize phytohormones that promote plant growth and development. These compounds can potentially replace synthetic agricultural inputs that are harmful to the environment. The main plant growth‐promoting phytohormones present in microalgae are auxins and cytokinins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of culture conditions (autotrophic and heterotrophic) on the concentrations of the endogenous phytohormones indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and trans‐zeatin (tZ) in the microalgae Chlorella fusca LEB 111, Chlorella vulgaris LEB 112, Scenedesmus obliquus LEB 117, Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 and Spirulina sp. LEB 18.RESULTSAll microalgae produced IAA and tZ under the three evaluated conditions (autotrophic light/dark (12/12 h), autotrophic continuous light (24 h) and heterotrophic). The IAA concentrations ranged from 1.94 to 56.45 nmol g−1, whereas those of tZ ranged from 0.06 to 35.52 pmol g−1. The cultivation conditions increased the carbohydrate and protein concentrations. Continuous light favored the production of carbohydrates in the studied cyanobacteria (Synechococcus nidulans LEB 115 and Spirulina sp. LEB 18). However, the light/dark condition (12/12 h) afforded the highest protein concentrations for green algae and cyanobacteria. There were no statistically significant differences in the lipid content of the strains studied.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study are valuable and indicate that the cultivation conditions and species used in this study may be applied in sustainable agriculture, providing alternatives that may contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of synthetic chemical inputs in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Negotiating the second mesiobuccal canal: A comparison of nickel titanium files through the experience of undergraduate dental students
Authors: Atav Ateş Ayfer , Arıcan Burçin , Çiftçioğlu Elif , Küçükay Enver Sedat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the ability of undergraduate students to reach working length (WL) in second mesiobuccal root canals (MB2) of maxillary first molars (n = 210) by using Reciproc Blue without glide path preparation, and One Curve with glide path preparation.MethodsThe students (n = 105) attended theoretical and practical courses. The first group (n = 53) shaped MB2 root canals using the One Curve system and then Reciproc Blue; the second group (n = 52) shaped MB2 root canals following the reverse sequence. Participants completed a questionnaire. The chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis using significance of p < 0.05.ResultsThe full WL was reached and shaping procedures were completed without complications in Reciproc Blue and One Curve groups at rates of 86.67% and 82.85%, respectively (p > 0.05). Treatment time was shorter in Reciproc Blue (p < 0.05). More (62.9%) students felt the One Curve system safer, while 61% felt the Reciproc Blue system faster.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, instrument kinematics and glide path preparation did not interfere with undergraduate students’ ability to achieve the WL in MB2 root canals.