bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desires of technocracy in pandemic times: A multilevel study
Authors: Cena Lorenzo , Roccato Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to predict the favor for a technocratic government in the context of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.MethodWe tested a multilevel mediated moderated model on the ResPOnsE COVID‐19 data set (rolling cross‐section design, quota sample of the Italian adult population, N = 8210, data collected from March 17 to June 16, 2021).ResultsSubjective vulnerability to COVID‐19 showed a positive relationship with trust in science and scientists, which, in turn, had a positive relationship with favor for a technocratic government, particularly among participants who had low trust in the Italian Parliament. The prevalence of COVID‐19 (measured at Level‐2, with data nested by day of data collection) also showed a positive association with favor for a technocratic government.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic may have jeopardized representative democracyThe objective and subjective threats it triggered favor trust in science and scientists that, when combined with a low level of trust toward political institutions, fosters the desire for a technocratic government.
Public perceptions of castle doctrine and stand your ground cases
Authors: Sower Emma , Alexander Apryl A. , Klukoff Hannah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionStand your ground (SYG) and castle doctrine (CD) laws are presently growing throughout the United States. The present study aims to better understand public perceptions of SYG and CD cases and demographic factors that influence judicial decision making.MethodsParticipants were 204 adults who were randomly assigned one of four vignettes that depicted a CD or SYG scenario and varied by defendant demographics. After reading the vignette, participants completed a questionnaire assessing whether they believed the defendant was guilty of the murder and whether the homicide was justified.ResultsResults indicated participants were more likely to assign a guilty verdict to the SYG scenario, compared to the CD scenario. Additionally, participants assigned to the SYG vignette believed the male defendant was more justified in killing the victim, compared to participants assigned the female defendant.ConclusionResults from this study reveal how potential jurors may harbor sex/gender bias in determining justifiable homicide in stand your ground cases.
Length L‐function for network‐constrained point data
Authors: Fang Zidong , Song Ci , Shu Hua , Chen Jie , Liu Tianyu , Wang Xi , Chen Xiao , Yan Xiaorui , Pei Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNetwork‐constrained points are constrained by and distributed on road networks, for example, taxi pick‐up and drop‐off locations. The aggregation pattern (clustering) of network‐constrained points (significantly denser than randomly distributed) along roads may indicate spatial anomalies. For example, detecting and quantifying the aggregation with the highest intensity (i.e., the number of taxi pick‐up points per network length) can reveal high taxi demand. The network K‐function and its derivative (incremental network K‐function) have been utilized to identify point aggregations and measure aggregation scale, yet can only identify radius‐based planar‐scale results, thereby mis‐estimating aggregation patterns owing to the network topology configuration heterogeneity. Specifically, complex road networks (e.g., intersections) may incur aggregations despite their low intensity. This study constructs the length L‐function for network‐constrained points, using its first derivative to quantify the true‐to‐life aggregation scale and the local function to extract aggregations. Synthetic and practical data experiments show innovative detection of aggregations at the length‐based scale and with high intensity, providing a new approach to point pattern analysis of networks unaffected by topological complexity.
Safety profile of plasma for fractionation donated in the United Kingdom, with respect to variantCreutzfeldt–Jakobdisease
Authors: Thomas Stephen , Roberts Barnaby , Domanović Dragoslav , Kramer Koen , Klochkov Denis , Sivasubramaniyam Sujan , Miloslavich Dana , Plançon Jean‐Philippe , Rossi Françoise , Misztela Dominika , Kirkpatrick Lauren , Miflin Gail , Birchall Janet , McLintock Lorna , Knight Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlasma‐derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are life‐saving and life‐improving therapies, but the raw material is in short supply: Europe depends on importation from countries including the United States. Plasma from donors resident in the United Kingdom has not been fractionated since 1999 when a precautionary measure was introduced in response to the outbreak of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). Cases of vCJD have been far fewer than originally predicted in the 1990s. Since the introduction of leucodepletion in 1999, and accounting for the incubation period, more than 40 million UK‐derived blood components have been issued with no reports of TT vCJD. In February 2021, the UK Government authorized manufacture of immunoglobulin from UK plasma. Following separate reviews concluding no significant difference in the risk posed, the United States, Australia, Ireland and Hong Kong also lifted their deferrals of blood donors with a history of living in the United Kingdom. Other countries are actively reviewing their position. Demand is rising for PDMPs, and Europe faces a threat of supply shortages. Industry and patient groups are clear that using UK plasma would bring significant immediate benefits to patients and to the resilience of the European supply chain. From this scientific review, we conclude that UK plasma is safe for fractionation and urge blood regulators and operators to take account of this safety profile when considering fractionation of UK plasma, and to revise their guidelines on the deferral of donors who have lived in, or received a transfusion in, the United Kingdom.
A two‐dimensional arithmetic André–Oort problem
Authors: Richard Rodolphe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe state and investigate an integral analogue of the André–Oort conjecture (in integral models of Shimura varieties). We establish an instance of this conjecture: the case of a modular curve, as a scheme over . Our approach relies on equidistribution estimates related to subconvexity in analytic number theory and our result is unconditional.
On the Computation of Mean and Variance of Spatial Displacements
Authors: Ge Qiaode Jeffrey , Yu Zihan , Arbab Mona , Langer Mark P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of computing an average (or mean) displacement from a set of given spatial displacements using three types of parametric representations: Euler angles and translation vectors, unit quaternions and translation vectors, and dual quaternions. It is shown that the use of Euclidean norm in the space of unit quaternions reduces the problem to that of computing the mean for each quaternion component separately and independently. While the resulting algorithm is simple, a change in the sign of a unit quaternion could lead to an incorrect result. A novel kinematic measure based on dual quaternions is introduced to capture the separation between two spatial displacements. This kinematic measure is used to define the variance of a set of displacements, which is then used to formulate a constrained least squares minimization problem. It is shown that the problem decomposes into that of finding the optimal translation vector and the optimal unit quaternion. The former is simply the centroid of the set of translation vectors and the latter is obtained as the eigenvector corresponding to the least eigenvalue of a 4 × 4 positive definite symmetric matrix. In addition, it is found that the weight factor used in combining rotations and translations in the formulation does not play a role in the final outcome. Examples are provided to show the comparisons of these methods.
The early bird catches the IL-2 in C-type lectin receptor–dependent activation of dendritic cells
Authors: Blamberg Robert , Lang Roland 
Published: March 2023

The transcriptional response of macrophages and dendritic cells to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors can be unexpectedly distinct. In this issue of
Science Signaling
, Watanabe
et al.
demonstrate that IL-2 is differentially induced by the closely related C-type lectin receptors Dectin-2 and Mincle and reveal early signaling through the adaptor protein FcRγ as a critical mechanism.
Kaposi sarcoma at the base of the tongue in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Safia Alaa , Farhat Raed , Avraham Yaniv , Merchavy Shlomo 
Published: March 2023

Oral Kaposi Sarcoma (OKS) commonly occurs in patients with AIDS. The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is greatly increased in renal transplant recipients compared with the general population, with particular prevalence in certain ethnic groups where it can occur in up to 5% of transplant recipients. From them, only 2% can manifest first with OKS.A man in his early 40s, 2 years after kidney transplantation, presented with a reddish-purple hypertrophic ulcerated lesion at the base of the tongue. Cervical ultrasonography revealed enlarged lymph nodes, and pathological examination of biopsies revealed KS. The patient had HIV-negative status. Following an investigation, calcineurin inhibitor treatment was stopped, and an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor treatment was started. Fibreoptic examination 3 months after beginning mTOR inhibitor treatment revealed no traces of the disease in the base of the tongue.An isolated oral lesion should not distract clinicians from further systemic investigation for metastatic disease.OKS is a rare but serious complication in kidney transplant patients after receiving calcineurin inhibitor that could result in airway obstruction due to mass effect or bleeding and aspiration.Early diagnosis and management of OKS in a renal transplant patient who received a calcineurin inhibitor carry a good prognosis. OKS can be managed by changing the treatment regime to an mTOR inhibitor followed by radiation therapy. This contrasts with KS treatment in non-renal transplant patients without calcineurin inhibitors who may need treatment using different modalities such as surgery and chemotherapy.We emphasise the importance of this case for nephrologists responsible for patient follow-up after renal transplantation who prescribed calcineurin inhibitors. These patients must be advised that if they feel any physical mass in the tongue, they should immediately seek an examination by an ear, nose and throat specialist. Nephrologists and patients should be aware that these symptoms should not be underestimated.
Regional practice variation in pelvic organ prolapse surgery in Tuscany, Italy: a retrospective cohort study on administrative health data
Authors: Ferrari Amerigo , Giannini Andrea , Seghieri Chiara , Simoncini Tommaso , Vainieri Milena 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo explore determinants of practice variation in both access, and quality and efficiency of surgical care for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Design and settingA retrospective cohort study employing administrative health data from the Tuscany region, Italy.ParticipantsAll women over 40 years hospitalised for apical/multicompartmental POP reconstructive surgery (excluding anterior/posterior colporrhaphy without concomitant hysterectomy) from January 2017 to December 2019.OutcomesWe first computed treatment rates just for women residing in Tuscany (n=2819) and calculated the Systematic Component of Variation (SCV) to explore variation in access to care among health districts. Then, using the full cohort (n=2959), we ran multilevel models for the average length of stay and reoperations, readmissions and complications, and computed the intraclass correlation coefficient to assess the individual and hospital determinants of efficiency and quality of care provided by hospitals.ResultsThe 5.4-fold variation between the lowest-rate (56/100 000 inhabitants) and the highest-rate (302/100 000) districts and the SCV over 10% confirmed high systematic variation in the access to care. Higher treatment rates were driven by greater provisions of robotic and/or laparoscopic interventions, which showed highly variable usage rates. Both individual and hospital factors influenced quality and efficiency provided by hospitals, but just low proportions of variation were explained by hospital and patient characteristics.ConclusionsWe found high and systematic variation in the access to POP surgical care in Tuscany and in quality and efficiency provided by hospitals. Such a variation may be mainly explained by user and provider preferences, which should be further explored. Also, supply-side factors may be involved, suggesting that wider and more uniform dissemination of robotic/laparoscopic procedures may reduce variation.
Effects of integrated action and sensory observation therapy based on mirror neuron and embodied cognition theory on upper limb sensorimotor function in chronic stroke: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Xixi , Li Yuanli , Chen Songmei , Zhang Sicong , Wu Yuwei , Shi Xiaolong , Ren Meng , Shan Chunlei 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis study protocol aims to explore the effectiveness and neural mechanism of the integration of action observation therapy (AOT) and sensory observation therapy (SOT) for post-stroke patients on upper limb sensorimotor function.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. A total of 69 patients with upper extremity hemiparesis after stroke will be recruited and randomly divided into an AOT group, a combined action observation and somatosensory stimulation therapy (AOT+SST) group, and a combined AOT and SOT (AOT+SOT) group in a 1:1:1 ratio. Each group will receive 30 min of daily treatment, five times weekly for 4 weeks. The primary clinical outcome will be the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity. Secondary clinical outcomes will include the Box and Blocks Test, modified Barthel Index and sensory assessment. All clinical assessments and resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data will be obtained at pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2) and 8 weeks of follow-up (T3).Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine (Grant No. 2020-178). The results will be submitted to a peer-review journal or at a conference.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000040568
Food allergy knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of kindergarten teachers in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Madooh Latifah , Allahou Shaikhah , Alshallal Haya , Alkazemi Fatemah , Alyaseen Dina , Allahow Farah , Alsattam Shahad , Al-Majran Abdullah , Ziyab Ali H 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundFood allergy (FA) affects up to 10% of children globally, with clinical symptoms varying from mild to severe, and in rare instances, it is life-threatening. Approximately one in five children with FA experience a food-induced allergic reaction in school, leaving teachers as the first line of intervention. This study aimed to assess kindergarten teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding FA.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled kindergarten teachers in Kuwait using stratified cluster sampling. The Chicago Food Allergy Research Survey for the General Public was used to assess teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding FA. The overall FA knowledge score was calculated for each participant. The χ2test was used to assess the differences in the distribution of categorical variables.ResultsResponses were obtained from 882 public kindergarten teachers from 63 kindergartens. Most teachers (81.9%) encountered students with FA in their classrooms. Only 13.5% of the teachers reported receiving training in FA. Overall, participants scored an average of 52.2% on the FA knowledge assessment, with participants receiving prior training in FA scoring on average higher than those with no prior training in FA (55.9% vs 51.6%, p=0.005). A few teachers (10.7%) were aware that lactose intolerance was not equivalent to milk allergy. In terms of attitudes regarding FA, only 14.9% of the participants acknowledged that children with FA are teased/stigmatised due to their condition, and 33.7% recognised that avoidance of allergenic food is difficult. Moreover, only 9.9% of the teachers self-reported their ability to use an epinephrine autoinjector.ConclusionsImproved knowledge and awareness of FA among public kindergarten teachers in Kuwait are needed to ensure the safety of children with FA in schools. Teachers should be trained to prevent, recognise and manage FA-related allergic reactions.
The hydrodynamic limit for the inhomogeneous Vlasov–Navier–Stokes system
Authors: El Ghani Najoua , Mejri Hassen 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the hydrodynamic limit for the fluid–particle model, which consists of the inhomogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the Vlasov equation through a drag force in a bounded domain of [Formula: see text] with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition on the fluid velocity field and Maxwell boundary condition on the kinetic distribution function. The proof relies on the relative entropy argument, which extends the work of El Ghani [Asymptotic analysis for a Vlasov–Navier–Stokes system in a bounded domain, J. Hyperbolic Differ. Equ. 7 (2010) 191–210] to inhomogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes–Vlasov equations.
Risk and Protective Factors for Cancer Mortality among United States Service Members and Veterans (2001–2018)
Authors: Sharifian Neika , Carey Felicia R. , Seay Julia S. , Castañeda Sheila F. , Boyko Edward J. , Rull Rudolph P. ,   for the Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Prior research linking military factors with cancer-specific mortality has shown inconsistent findings, with few studies examining these associations among U.S. service members and veterans who served in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom conflicts.

Methods:
Cancer mortality between 2001 and 2018 was ascertained from the Department of Defense Medical Mortality Registry and National Death Index for 194,689 Millennium Cohort Study participants. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine links between military characteristics and cancer mortality [overall, early (&lt;45 years), and lung].

Results:
Compared with individuals who deployed with no combat experiences, non-deployers had a greater risk of overall [HR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.77] and early cancer mortality (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.06–3.04). Enlisted individuals had a greater risk of lung cancer mortality compared with officers (HR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.27–5.53). No associations by service component, branch, or military occupation and cancer mortality were observed. Higher education was associated with reduced overall, early and lung cancer mortality risk and smoking and life stressors were associated with elevated overall and lung cancer mortality risk.

Conclusions:
These findings are consistent with the healthy deployer effect in which military personnel who were deployed tend to be healthier than those who did not deploy. Further, these findings highlight the importance of considering socioeconomic factors, such as military rank, that may have long-term implications for health.

Impact:
These findings highlight military occupational factors that may predict long-term health outcomes. Additional work is necessary to investigate more nuanced environmental and occupational military exposures and cancer mortality.
Circulating MicroRNAs Identify Early Phenotypic Changes in Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sucharov Carmen C. , Neltner Bonnie , Pietra Ashley E. , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Patel Joshen , Ho Carolyn Y. , Miyamoto Shelley D. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy. Pathogenic germline variation in genes encoding the sarcomere is the predominant cause of disease. However diagnostic features, including unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, typically do not develop until late adolescence or after. The early stages of disease pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying the transition to a clinically overt phenotype are not well understood. In this study, we investigated if circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could stratify disease stage in sarcomeric HCM.

Methods:
We performed arrays for 381 miRNAs using serum from HCM sarcomere variant carriers with and without a diagnosis of HCM and healthy controls. To identify differentially expressed circulating miRNAs between groups, multiple approaches were used including random forest, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression. The abundance of all miRNAs was normalized to miRNA-320.

Results:
Of 57 sarcomere variant carriers, 25 had clinical HCM and 32 had subclinical HCM with normal left ventricular wall thickness (21 with early phenotypic manifestations and 11 with no discernible phenotypic manifestations). Circulating miRNA profile differentiated healthy controls from sarcomere variant carriers with subclinical and clinical disease. Additionally, circulating miRNAs differentiated clinical HCM from subclinical HCM without early phenotypic changes; and subclinical HCM with and without early phenotypic changes. Circulating miRNA profiles did not differentiate clinical HCM from subclinical HCM with early phenotypic changes, suggesting biologic similarity between these groups.

Conclusions:
Circulating miRNAs may augment the clinical stratification of HCM and improve understanding of the transition from health to disease in sarcomere gene variant carriers.
An open data set of scholars on Twitter
Authors: Mongeon Philippe , Bowman Timothy D. , Costas Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The role played by research scholars in the dissemination of scientific knowledge on social media has always been a central topic in social media metrics (altmetrics) research. Different approaches have been implemented to identify and characterize active scholars on social media platforms like Twitter. Some limitations of past approaches were their complexity and, most importantly, their reliance on licensed scientometric and altmetric data. The emergence of new open data sources such as OpenAlex or Crossref Event Data provides opportunities to identify scholars on social media using only open data. This paper presents a novel and simple approach to match authors from OpenAlex with Twitter users identified in Crossref Event Data. The matching procedure is described and validated with ORCID data. The new approach matches nearly 500,000 matched scholars with their Twitter accounts with a level of high precision and moderate recall. The data set of matched scholars is described and made openly available to the scientific community to empower more advanced studies of the interactions of research scholars on Twitter.