bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-resonance approximation of rotating Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Cheng Bin , Sakellaris Zisis N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We formalise the concept of near resonance for the rotating Navier–Stokes equations, based on which we propose a novel way to approximate the original partial differential equation (PDE). The spatial domain is a three-dimensional flat torus of arbitrary aspect ratios. We prove that the family of proposed PDEs are globally well-posed for any rotation rate and initial datum of any size in any H

s
space with

s
⩾
0

. Such approximations retain many more 3-mode interactions, and are thus more accurate, than the conventional exact-resonance approach. Our approach is free from any limiting argument that requires physical parameters to tend to zero or infinity, and is free from any use of small divisors (so that all estimates depend smoothly on the torus’s aspect ratios). The key estimate hinges on the counting of integer solutions of Diophantine inequalities rather than Diophantine equations. Using a range of novel ideas, we handle rigorously and optimally challenges arising from the non-trivial irrational functions in these inequalities. The main results and ingredients of the proofs can form part of the mathematical foundation of a non-asymptotic approach to nonlinear, oscillatory dynamics in real-world applications.
Multifractal analysis for Markov interval maps with countably many branches
Authors: Rush Tom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study multifractal decompositions based on Birkhoff averages for sequences of functions belonging to certain classes of symbolically continuous functions. We do this for an expanding interval map with countably many branches, which we assume can be coded by a topologically mixing countable Markov shift. This generalises previous work on expanding maps with finitely many branches, and expanding maps with countably many branches where the coding is assumed to be the full shift. When the infimum of the derivative on each branch approaches infinity in the limit, we can directly generalise the results of the full countable shift case. However when this does not hold, we show that there can be different behaviour, in particular in cases where the coding has finite topological entropy.
CTformer: convolution-free Token2Token dilated vision transformer for low-dose CT denoising
Authors: Wang Dayang , Fan Fenglei , Wu Zhan , Liu Rui , Wang Fei , Yu Hengyong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) denoising is an important problem in CT research. Compared to the normal dose CT, LDCT images are subjected to severe noise and artifacts. Recently in many studies, vision transformers have shown superior feature representation ability over the convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, unlike CNNs, the potential of vision transformers in LDCT denoising was little explored so far. Our paper aims to further explore the power of transformer for the LDCT denoising problem. Approach. In this paper, we propose a Convolution-free Token2Token Dilated Vision Transformer (CTformer) for LDCT denoising. The CTformer uses a more powerful token rearrangement to encompass local contextual information and thus avoids convolution. It also dilates and shifts feature maps to capture longer-range interaction. We interpret the CTformer by statically inspecting patterns of its internal attention maps and dynamically tracing the hierarchical attention flow with an explanatory graph. Furthermore, overlapped inference mechanism is employed to effectively eliminate the boundary artifacts that are common for encoder-decoder-based denoising models. Main results. Experimental results on Mayo dataset suggest that the CTformer outperforms the state-of-the-art denoising methods with a low computational overhead. Significance. The proposed model delivers excellent denoising performance on LDCT. Moreover, low computational cost and interpretability make the CTformer promising for clinical applications.
Method of sparse-view coded-aperture x-ray diffraction tomography
Authors: Liang Kaichao , Zhang Li , Xing Yuxiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been considered as a valuable diagnostic technology providing material specific ‘finger-print’ information i.e. XRD pattern to distinguish different biological tissues. XRD tomography (XRDT) further obtains spatial-resolved XRD pattern distribution, which has become a frontier biological sample inspection method. Currently, XRD computed tomography (XRD-CT) featured by the conventional CT scan mode with rotation has the best spatial resolution among various XRDT methods, but its scan process takes hours. Meanwhile, snapshot XRDT methods such as coded-aperture XRDT (CA-XRDT) aim at direct imaging without scan movements. With compressed-sensing acquisition applied, CA-XRDT significantly shortens data acquisition time. However, the snapshot acquisition results in a significant drop in spatial resolution. Hence, we need an advanced XRDT method that significantly accelerates XRD-CT acquisition and still maintains an acceptable imaging accuracy for biological sample inspection. Approach. Inspired by the high spatial resolution of XRD-CT from rotational scan and the fast compressed-sensing acquisition in snapshot CA-XRDT (SnapshotCA-XRDT), we proposed a new XRDT imaging method: sparse-view rotational CA-XRDT (RotationCA-XRDT). It takes SnapshotCA-XRDT as a preliminary depth-resolved XRDT method, and combines rotational scan to significantly improve the spatial resolution. A model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method is adopted for RotationCA-XRDT. Moreover, we suggest a refined system model calculation for the RotationCA-XRDT MBIR which is a key factor to improve reconstruction image quality. Main results. We conducted our experimental validation based on Monte-Carlo simulation for a breast sample. The results show that the proposed RotationCA-XRDT method succeeded in producing good images for detecting 2 mm square carcinoma with a 15-view scan. The spatial resolution is significantly improved from current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods. With our refined system model, MBIR can obtain high quality images with little artifacts. Significance. In this work, we proposed a new high spatial resolution XRDT method combining coded-aperture compressed-sensing acquisition and sparse-view scan. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT method obtained significantly better image resolution than current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods in the field. It is of great potential for biological sample XRDT inspection. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT is the fastest millimetre-resolution XRDT method in the field which reduces the scan time from hours to minutes.
Note on particle balance in particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model and its implications on the steady-state simulation
Authors: Chen Lei , Wu Hao , Chen Zili , Wang Yu , Yi Lin , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The steady-state criterion for plasma numerical simulations can be determined by the particle balance relation. In this study, we utilized a one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model to investigate particle transport in a capacitively coupled plasma discharge, including particle density change, flow, generation, and loss. Our analysis revealed that the generation rate and loss rate are equivalent in both time and space, indicating a fine balance in the steady state of the discharge system. Additionally, we presented the spatio-temporal distribution and time-averaged particle transport term for electrons and ions to demonstrate how particles attain equilibrium at varying pressures. This validation method can be particularly useful in numerical simulations where determining steady state can be challenging. Our findings establish the correctness and reliability of the method.
Principal reconstructed modes of dark energy and gravity
Authors: Raveri Marco , Pogosian Levon , Martinelli Matteo , Koyama Kazuya , Silvestri Alessandra , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recently, in [1], we presented the first combined non-parametric reconstruction of the three time-dependent functions that capture departures from the standard cosmological model, ΛCDM, in the expansion history and gravitational effects on matter and light from the currently available combination of the background and large scale structure data. The reconstruction was performed with and without a theory-informed prior, built on the general Horndeski class of scalar-tensor theories, that correlates the three functions.
In this work, we perform a decomposition of the prior and posterior covariances of the three functions to determine the structure of the modes that are constrained by the data relative to the Horndeski prior.
We find that the combination of all data can constrain 15 combined eigenmodes of the three functions with respect to the prior.
We examine and interpret their features in view of the well-known tensions between datasets within the ΛCDM model. We also assess the bias introduced by the simplistic parameterizations commonly used in the literature for constraining deviations from GR on cosmological scales.
Ultrasonic resonance-based inspection of ultra-thin nickel sheets bonded to silicone
Authors: Hou Huaishu , Li Jinhao , Xia Shuaijun , Meng Yujie , Shen Jicai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the field of non-destructive testing (NDT), The detection of bonding defects between ultra-thin metal and silica gel is a difficult problem. In this study, In this study, ultrasonic resonance method was used to evaluate the bonding strength of ultra-thin metal to silica gel bonding structure. The composite parts of ultra-thin nickel sheet and silicon sheet with three different bonding states were studied. The bonding state of nickel sheet and silica gel is different, and the absorption of ultrasound is different. Using the resonance generated by high-frequency ultrasound in ultra-thin nickel sheet, the acoustic attenuation of the combination of ultra-thin nickel sheet and silicon rubber sheet was analyzed by resonance signal, and the bonding state between ultra-thin nickel sheet and silicon rubber sheet was characterized by bonding coefficient. Through experimental comparison, the results showed that the attenuation of ultrasonic signal in the nickel sheet and silicon film with different adhesive states characterize the adhesive state of ultra-thin nickel sheet and silicon film by the bonding coefficient, the bonding coefficient of good parts, weak adhesive parts and debonded parts is reduced successively. By setting an appropriate determination threshold value, the bonding state between the ultra-thin nickel sheet and the silicon film can be accurately determined according to the bonding coefficient obtained by detection.
Climate change increased extreme monsoon rainfall, flooding highly vulnerable communities in Pakistan
Authors: Otto Friederike E L , Zachariah Mariam , Saeed Fahad , Siddiqi Ayesha , Kamil Shahzad , Mushtaq Haris , Arulalan T , AchutaRao Krishna , Chaithra S T , Barnes Clair , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , Vautard Robert , Koren Gerbrand , Pinto Izidine , Wolski Piotr , Vahlberg Maja , Singh Roop , Arrighi Julie , van Aalst Maarten , Thalheimer Lisa , Raju Emmanuel , Li Sihan , Yang Wenchang , Harrington Luke J , Clarke Ben 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As a direct consequence of extreme monsoon rainfall throughout the summer 2022 season Pakistan experienced the worst flooding in its history. We employ a probabilistic event attribution methodology as well as a detailed assessment of the dynamics to understand the role of climate change in this event. Many of the available state-of-the-art climate models struggle to simulate these rainfall characteristics. Those that pass our evaluation test generally show a much smaller change in likelihood and intensity of extreme rainfall than the trend we found in the observations. This discrepancy suggests that long-term variability, or processes that our evaluation may not capture, can play an important role, rendering it infeasible to quantify the overall role of human-induced climate change. However, the majority of models and observations we have analysed show that intense rainfall has become heavier as Pakistan has warmed. Some of these models suggest climate change could have increased the rainfall intensity up to 50%. The devastating impacts were also driven by the proximity of human settlements, infrastructure (homes, buildings, bridges), and agricultural land to flood plains, inadequate infrastructure, limited ex-ante risk reduction capacity, an outdated river management system, underlying vulnerabilities driven by high poverty rates and socioeconomic factors (e.g. gender, age, income, and education), and ongoing political and economic instability. Both current conditions and the potential further increase in extreme peaks in rainfall over Pakistan in light of anthropogenic climate change, highlight the urgent need to reduce vulnerability to extreme weather in Pakistan.
Building resilience and reversing frailty: a randomised controlled trial of a primary care intervention for older adults
Authors: Travers John , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Langan John , MacNamara Fergal , McCormack Darren , McDermott Christopher , McEntire Jude , McKiernan Joanne , Lacey Seán , Doran Peter , Power Dermot , Cooney Marie-Therese 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a need for effective primary care interventions that help older people combat frailty and build resilience.

Objective
To study the effectiveness of an optimised exercise and dietary protein intervention.

Design
Multicentre, randomised-controlled, parallel-arm trial.

Setting
Six primary care practices, Ireland.

Methods
Six general practitioners enrolled adults aged 65+ with Clinical Frailty Scale score ≤5 from December 2020 to May 2021. Participants were randomised to intervention or usual care with allocation concealed until enrolment. Intervention comprised a 3-month home-based exercise regime, emphasising strength, and dietary protein guidance (1.2 g/kg/day). Effectiveness was measured by comparing frailty levels, based on the SHARE-Frailty Instrument, on an intention-to-treat basis. Secondary outcomes included bone mass, muscle mass and biological age measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ease of intervention and perceived health benefit were measured on Likert scales.

Results
Of the 359 adults screened, 197 were eligible and 168 enrolled; 156 (92.9%) attended follow-up (mean age 77.1; 67.3% women; 79 intervention, 77 control). At baseline, 17.7% of intervention and 16.9% of control participants were frail by SHARE-FI. At follow-up, 6.3 and 18.2% were frail, respectively. The odds ratio of being frail between intervention and control groups post-intervention was 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.72; P = 0.011), adjusting for age, gender and site. Absolute risk reduction was 11.9% (CI: 0.8%–22.9%). Number needed to treat was 8.4. Grip strength (P &lt; 0.001) and bone mass (P = 0.040) improved significantly. 66.2% found the intervention easy, 69.0% reported feeling better.

Conclusion
A combination of exercises and dietary protein significantly reduced frailty and improved self-reported health.
The Utility of Lymphatic Massage in Cosmetic Procedures
Authors: Marxen Troy , Shauly Orr , Goel Pedram , Tsan Tina , Faria Rebecca , Gould Daniel J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Lymphedema is a severe debilitating disease characterized by the accumulation of excessive protein-rich fluid in the interstitial space. Given the severe morbidity associated with this disease process, various surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities have been developed to attempt to reduce the incidence and symptoms associated with lymphedema. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a component of complete decongestive therapy on-surgical treatment which has demonstrated benefit in reducing the development of lymphedema following surgery. Here we provide a review of literature on MLD and its potential mechanism of action. This paper aims to educate patients, physicians, and surgeons about MLD regarding its efficacy and utility in the treatment paradigm for lymphedema and to translate concepts from the treatment of lymphedema to cosmetic procedures.

Level of Evidence: 5
Asia-Pacific multicentre randomized trial of laparoscopicversusopen major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (AP-LAPO trial)
Authors: Ng Kelvin K C , Chong Charing C N , Lee Kit-Fai , Lai Paul B S , Cheng Thomas K C , Chen Hua-Wei , Yi Bin , Huang Ji-Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Major hepatectomy (resection of greater than or equal to three liver segments) is needed if a tumour is large or close to major blood vessels. Despite low mortality, open major hepatectomy is associated with high rates of tumour recurrence that limits survival. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy has been proposed as an alternative approach with potential oncological benefits. This study compares laparoscopic major hepatectomy with open major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in a randomized trial.MethodsThe Asia-Pacific multicentre randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (AP-LAPO trial) is an open-labelled multicentre randomized trial to be conducted in five centres in the Asia-Pacific region. The study will test the hypothesis that laparoscopic major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with less tumour recurrence and better survival compared with open major hepatectomy; the primary outcome being 2-year recurrence-free survival. Secondary outcomes include hospital mortality, postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, time to functional recovery, quality of life, long-term survival, and postoperative serum surgical stress-related cytokines.Results and conclusionThe AP-LAPO trial will determine whether laparoscopic major hepatectomy offers oncological benefits to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with open major hepatectomy.Registration numberNCT04852211 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) registered on 21 April 2021Protocol versionAP-LAPO trial version 01 (1 December 2021)
Assessing resource use: a case study with the Human Disease Ontology
Authors: Baron J. Allen , Schriml Lynn M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a genomic resource provider, grappling with getting a handle on how your resource is utilized can be extremely challenging. At the same time, being able to thus document the plethora of use cases is vital to demonstrate sustainability. Herein, we describe a flexible workflow, built on readily available software, that the Human Disease Ontology (DO) project has utilized to transition to semi-automated methods to identify uses of the ontology in the published literature. The novel R package DO.utils (https://github.com/DiseaseOntology/DO.utils) has been devised with a small set of key functions to support our usage workflow in combination with Google Sheets. Use of this workflow has resulted in a 3-fold increase in the number of identified publications that use the DO and has provided novel usage insights that offer new research directions and reveal a clearer picture of the DO’s use and scientific impact. The DO’s resource use assessment workflow and the supporting software are designed to be useful to other resources, including databases, software tools, method providers and other web resources, to achieve similar results.Database URL: https://github.com/DiseaseOntology/DO.utils
Analytical computation of total topographic torque at the core–mantle boundary and its impact on tidally driven length-of-day variations
Authors: Puica M , Dehant V , Folgueira M , Van Hoolst T , Rekier J 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYThe Earth’s rotation exhibits periodic variations as a result of gravitational torques exerted by the Sun and the Moon and of angular momentum exchange of the solid Earth with the Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere. Here, we aim at determining the complementary effect of the deep interior on variations in the length-of-day (LOD) and focus on the influence of topography at the core–mantle boundary (CMB). For this purpose, we have developed an analytical approach for solving the Navier–Stokes equation for global rotational motions and inertial waves, based on and extending the approach of Wu & Wahr (1997). An advantage of the analytical approach is that it allows to identify the frequencies and topographic spherical harmonics degrees and orders where resonance can happen, as well as to quantify the total amplifications in the tidal effects on LOD variations. Although the resonances are found to be sometimes quite near tidal frequencies, we show that they are not sufficiently close to induce significant perturbations in LOD variations, except for two of the tides, the fortnightly and monthly tides Mf and Mm. Our results go beyond the findings of Wu & Wahr (1997), extending them to a much wider range of degrees and orders of topographic coefficients. We show that there is an amplification in Mf and Mm induced by the degree 18-order 10 and by the degree 7-order 1 of the topography, respectively. Our approach is generic in the sense that it can be applied to other orientation changes of the Earth as well as to other planets.
SN 2021zny: an early flux excess combined with late-time oxygen emission suggests a double white dwarf merger event
Authors: Dimitriadis Georgios , Maguire Kate , Karambelkar Viraj R , Lebron Ryan J , Liu (刘 畅) Chang , Kozyreva Alexandra , Miller Adam A , Ridden-Harper Ryan , Anderson Joseph P , Chen Ting-Wan , Coughlin Michael , Valle Massimo Della , Drake Andrew , Galbany Lluís , Gromadzki Mariusz , Groom Steven L , Gutiérrez Claudia P , Ihanec Nada , Inserra Cosimo , Johansson Joel , Müller-Bravo Tomás E , Nicholl Matt , Polin Abigail , Rusholme Ben , Schulze Steve , Sollerman Jesper , Srivastav Shubham , Taggart Kirsty , Wang Qinan , Yang (杨 轶) Yi , Young David R 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the ultraluminous and slowly evolving 03fg-like Type Ia SN 2021zny. Our observational campaign starts from ∼5.3 h after explosion (making SN 2021zny one of the earliest observed members of its class), with dense multiwavelength coverage from a variety of ground- and space-based telescopes, and is concluded with a nebular spectrum ∼10 months after peak brightness. SN 2021zny displayed several characteristics of its class, such as the peak brightness (MB = −19.95 mag), the slow decline (Δm15(B) = 0.62 mag), the blue early-time colours, the low ejecta velocities, and the presence of significant unburned material above the photosphere. However, a flux excess for the first ∼1.5 d after explosion is observed in four photometric bands, making SN 2021zny the third 03fg-like event with this distinct behaviour, while its +313 d spectrum shows prominent [O i] lines, a very unusual characteristic of thermonuclear SNe. The early flux excess can be explained as the outcome of the interaction of the ejecta with $\sim 0.04\, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ of H/He-poor circumstellar material at a distance of ∼1012 cm, while the low ionization state of the late-time spectrum reveals low abundances of stable iron-peak elements. All our observations are in accordance with a progenitor system of two carbon/oxygen white dwarfs that undergo a merger event, with the disrupted white dwarf ejecting carbon-rich circumstellar material prior to the primary white dwarf detonation.