bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of ATP hydrolysis by Strong Coupling with O−H Stretching Vibration
Authors: Gao Feng , Guo Jun , Si Qiankang , Wang Liping , Zhang Feng , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Front Cover image is provided by the quantum biophotonics group, a collaborative effort between Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Wenzhou Institute of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. The image shows that the hydrolysis of ATP can be accelerated approximately 10‐fold due to the hybrid energy states, as the optical mode of a Fabry–Pérot cavity is strongly resonant to the O‐H stretching vibration. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200330.
SDH deficiency is very common in carotid body paragangliomas: Genetic counseling and testing should be offered to all patients
Authors: Sarkis Leba Michael , Clifton‐Bligh Rory , Veivers David , Gill Anthony James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCollectively, germline pathogenic variants in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes are the most common cause of hereditary paragangliomas. Loss of immunohistochemical expression of SDHB protein (termed SDH deficiency) occurs whenever there is biallelic inactivation of any SDH gene. We sought to estimate the prevalence of SDH deficiency in patients with carotid body paragangliomas.MethodsWe identified all carotid body paragangliomas that had undergone surgical excision at our institution over the last 30 years. If SDHB immunohistochemistry was not performed at the time of excision, it was performed on archived material.ResultsThere were 64 carotid body paragangliomas identified in the 62 patients. Two‐thirds of the patients were female, and 43 (67%) were SDH‐deficient.ConclusionUp to two‐thirds of all carotid body paragangliomas are associated with SDH deficiency. Therefore, genetic testing and counseling should be offered to all patients with carotid body paragangliomas, regardless of age or family history.
Agreement and reliability of hepatic transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A cross‐sectional test–retest study
Authors: Ljungquist Oskar , Olinder Jon , Tverring Jonas , Kjölvmark Charlott , Torisson Gustav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTransient elastography (TE) has largely replaced liver biopsy to evaluate fibrosis stage and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Previous studies have reported excellent reliability of TE but agreement metrics have not been reported. This study aimed to assess interrater agreement and reliability of repeated TE measurements.MethodsTwo operators performed TE independently, directly after each other. The primary outcome was disagreement, defined as a difference in TE results between operators of ≥33%, as well as the smallest detectable change, SDC95 (i.e., the difference between measurements needed to state with 95% certainty that there is a difference in underlying stiffness). Secondary outcomes included reliability, measured as intraclass correlation (ICC), and patient and examination characteristics associated with the agreement.ResultsIn total, 65 patients were included, with a mean liver stiffness of 9.7 kPa. Of these, 21 (32%) had a disagreement in TE results of ≥33% between the two operators. The SDC95 on the log scale was 1.97, indicating that an almost twofold increase or decrease in liver stiffness would be required to confidently represent a change in the underlying fibrosis. Reliability, estimated using the ICC, was acceptable at 0.86. In a post hoc analysis, fasting less than 5 h before TE was associated with a higher degree of disagreement (48% vs. 19%, p = 0.03).ConclusionsIn our clinical setting, interrater agreement in directly repeated TE measurements was surprisingly low. It is essential to further investigate the reliability and agreement of TE to determine its validity and usefulness.
Single versus dual microgel species for forming guest‐host microporous annealed particlePEG‐MALhydrogel
Authors: Widener Adrienne E. , Roberts Abilene , Phelps Edward A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInter‐particle secondary crosslinks allow microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels to be formed. Methods to introduce secondary crosslinking networks in MAP hydrogels include particle jamming, annealing with covalent bonds, and reversible noncovalent interactions. Here, we investigate the effect of two different approaches to secondary crosslinking of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microgels via reversible guest‐host interactions. We generated a dual‐particle MAP‐PEG hydrogel using two species of PEG microgels, one functionalized with the guest molecule, adamantane, and the other with the host molecule, β‐cyclodextrin (Inter‐MAP‐PEG). In a different approach, a mono‐particle MAP‐PEG hydrogel was generated using one species of microgel functionalized with both guest and host molecules (Intra‐MAP‐PEG). The Intra‐MAP‐PEG formed a homogenous distribution due to the single type of microgels used. We then compared the mechanical properties of these two types of MAP‐PEG hydrogels and found that Intra‐MAP‐PEG resulted in significantly softer gels with lower yield stress. We investigated the effect of intra‐particle guest‐host interactions through titrated weight percentage and the concentration of functional groups added to the hydrogel. We found that there was an ideal concentration of guest‐host molecules that enables intra‐ and inter‐particle guest‐host interactions with sufficient covalent crosslinking. Based on these studies, Intra‐MAP‐PEG provides a homogeneous guest‐host hydrogel that is shear‐thinning with reversible secondary crosslinking.
Combination of Ultrasound and Molecular Markers in Evaluating Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lower Limbs
Authors: Zong Xiao‐Jian , Liu Lei , Wu Jie , Yuan Ping , Cao Jian , Li Jing‐Jing , Yu Xiao‐Kun 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors of isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) in the lower limbs by using a combination of Doppler ultrasound and thrombus molecular markers.MethodsA prospective cohort study was used. We selected 145 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. They were divided into the IDDVT group and the non‐IDDVT group. We compared the differences in Doppler ultrasound and biochemical indexes between the two groups. The independent influencing factors of IDDVT were analyzed using logistic regression, and we plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsWe compared 47 IDDVT cases diagnosed by DSA with 47 non‐IDDVT cases selected at random. The diameter of the common femoral vein (CFV) of the affected side, deep femoral vein, and the great saphenous vein, thickness of subcutaneous tissue, and serum D‐dimer (D‐D) and thrombin–antithrombin III complexes (TAT) were significantly higher in the IDDVT group than the non‐IDDVT group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that CFV diameter, subcutaneous tissue thickening, D‐D, and TAT were all independent risk factors for IDDVT (P < .05). The combined predictor had higher predictive sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index (93.6, 87.2, and 0.808, respectively) than using thrombus molecular markers alone or Doppler ultrasound alone.ConclusionD‐D and TAT, the thrombosis molecular markers, CFV diameter, and thickening of subcutaneous tissue, as well as the Doppler ultrasound, all have their own independent effects on IDDVT. When Thrombosis molecular markers and Doppler ultrasound are used in combination, they can predict which patients are at high risk of IDDVT and help doctors in making clinical decisions pertaining to prevention and treatment.
Terahertz Metasurface Modulators Based on Photosensitive Silicon
Authors: Zhou Qiangguo , Li Yongzhen , Wu Tuntan , Qiu Qinxi , Duan Jiaxin , Jiang Lin , Mao Wangchen , Yao Niangjuan , Huang Zhiming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces solve the lack of materials in the terahertz (THz) band and control precisely the amplitude, phase, polarization, and transmission characteristics of THz waves, providing an effective way to realize THz functional devices. This article focuses on the design of THz metasurface modulators with a unit structure consisting of metal square rings, including resonance frequency, phase, and amplitude modulators. By embedding photosensitive semiconductor silicon (Si) in the unit structure, the unit structure is built from meta‐atom to molecularization model under the optical pumping condition, and the resonance frequencies are switched between high and low frequencies. The resonance frequency switchable characteristic is demonstrated using the equivalent LC oscillation circuit model, and the theoretical calculation results agree well with the simulations. Through theoretical calculations, the modulators achieve ultrafast switching times of less than 0.141 ps by the optical pumps, which have significant advantages in ultrafast THz modulators. By continuing to change the embedded position of the silicon in the unit structure, not only is a wide range of THz phase modulation achieved, but also multilevel modulation of the phase is realized. It is found that there is a strong relationship between the modulation depth and phase variation of THz waves, and a reasonable analysis is given. Further the amplitude modulator with a larger modulation depth (MD) is developed, and when the conductivity of photosensitive semiconductor silicon (σSi) reaches 2.5 × 106 S m−1, return loss (RL) is ≈0 dB, and the maximum MD reaches ≈100%; in order to gain insight into the nature of modulation, the modulation mechanism of THz waves under optical pumping conditions is analyzed. In addition, graphene‐based THz metasurface amplitude modulators are designed. When the depth of amplitude modulation is achieved by bias voltage modulation of the Fermi energy level of graphene, the maximum modulation amplitude is 23.42 dB, with a minimal modulation accuracy of 0.05 THz eV−1. In the article, the designed modulators have extremely excellent modulation performance. It has great potential applications in silicon‐based THz photonic devices, ultrahigh frequency electronic devices, high sensitivity sensors, and high‐precision imaging.
Anti‐HIV drugs reduce risk of prediabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Magagnoli Joseph , Pereira Felipe , Narendran Siddharth , Huang Peirong , Cummings Tammy , Hardin James W. , Nguyen Joseph , Sutton S. Scott , Ambati Jayakrishna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) impacts the incidence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the progression from prediabetes to T2DM in people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the US Veterans Health Administration database among adult patients with an HIV diagnosis from the year 2000 until 2021 to determine the incidence of prediabetes and further progression to T2DM among NRTI exposed and unexposed patients. A multistate model was used to evaluate progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes and then to T2DM, and covariate adjustment with the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs). Among 32,240 veterans diagnosed with HIV, prediabetes and T2DM were observed among 20.2% and 20.7% of patients, respectively. Among those diagnosed with prediabetes, 31.8% progressed to T2DM. Patients exposed to NRTIs at any time (86.6%), had a reduced risk of prediabetes [HR: 0.50 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.47–0.53)] and among prediabetics, a lower risk of progression to T2DM [HR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63–0.85)] when compared to patients who never used NRTIs. In summary, NRTIs may reduce the risk of developing prediabetes and the progression from prediabetes to T2DM in PLWH.
Highly accelerated intracranial time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography using wave‐encoding
Authors: Ji Yang , Wu Wenchuan , de Buck Matthijs H. S. , Okell Thomas , Jezzard Peter 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo develop an accelerated 3D intracranial time‐of‐flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequence with wave‐encoding (referred to as 3D wave‐TOF) and to evaluate two variants: wave–controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) and compressed‐sensing wave (CS‐wave).MethodsA wave‐TOF sequence was implemented on a 3 T clinical scanner. Wave‐encoded and Cartesian k‐space datasets from six healthy volunteers were retrospectively and prospectively undersampled with 2D‐CAIPI sampling and variable‐density Poisson disk sampling. 2D‐CAIPI, wave‐CAIPI, standard CS, and CS‐wave schemes were compared at various acceleration factors. Flow‐related artifacts in wave‐TOF were investigated, and a set of practicable wave parameters was developed. Quantitative analysis of wave‐TOF and traditional Cartesian TOF MRA was performed by comparing the contrast‐to‐background ratio between the vessel and background tissue in source images, and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the maximum intensity projection images from accelerated acquisitions and their respective fully sampled references.ResultsFlow‐related artifacts caused by the wave‐encoding gradients in wave‐TOF were eliminated by properly chosen parameters. Images from wave‐CAIPI and CS‐wave acquisitions had a higher SNR and better‐preserved contrast than traditional parallel imaging (PI) and CS methods. Maximum intensity projection images from wave‐CAIPI and CS‐wave acquisitions had a cleaner background, with vessels that were better depicted. Quantitative analyses indicated that wave‐CAIPI had the highest contrast‐to‐background ratio, SSIM, and vessel‐masked SSIM among the sampling schemes studied, followed by the CS‐wave acquisition.Conclusion3D wave‐TOF improves the capability of accelerated MRA and provides better image quality at higher acceleration factors compared to traditional PI‐ or CS‐accelerated TOF, suggesting the potential use of wave‐TOF in cerebrovascular disease.
Parallel imaging reconstruction using spatial nulling maps
Authors: Hu Jiahao , Yi Zheyuan , Zhao Yujiao , Zhang Junhao , Xiao Linfang , Man Christopher , Lau Vick , Leong Alex T. L. , Chen Fei , Wu Ed X. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo develop a robust parallel imaging reconstruction method using spatial nulling maps (SNMs).MethodsParallel reconstruction using null operations (PRUNO) is a k‐space reconstruction method where a k‐space nulling system is derived using null‐subspace bases of the calibration matrix. ESPIRiT reconstruction extends the PRUNO subspace concept by exploiting the linear relationship between signal‐subspace bases and spatial coil sensitivity characteristics, yielding a hybrid‐domain approach. Yet it requires empirical eigenvalue thresholding to mask the coil sensitivity information and is sensitive to signal‐ and null‐subspace division. In this study, we combine the concepts of null‐subspace PRUNO and hybrid‐domain ESPIRiT to provide a more robust reconstruction method that extracts null‐subspace bases of calibration matrix to calculate image‐domain SNMs. Multi‐channel images are reconstructed by solving an image‐domain nulling system formed by SNMs that contain both coil sensitivity and finite image support information, therefore, circumventing the masking‐related procedure. The proposed method was evaluated with multi‐channel 2D brain and knee data and compared to ESPIRiT.ResultsThe proposed hybrid‐domain method produced quality reconstruction highly comparable to ESPIRiT with optimal manual masking. It involved no masking‐related manual procedure and was tolerant of the actual division of null‐ and signal‐subspace. Spatial regularization could be also readily incorporated to reduce noise amplification as in ESPIRiT.ConclusionWe provide an efficient hybrid‐domain reconstruction method using multi‐channel SNMs that are calculated from coil calibration data. It eliminates the need for coil sensitivity masking and is relatively insensitive to subspace separation, therefore, presenting a robust parallel imaging reconstruction procedure in practice.
High Shear Thin Film Synthesis of Partially Oxidized Gallium and Indium Composite 2D Sheets
Authors: Gardner Zoe , Rahpeima Soraya , Sun Qiang , Zou Jin , Darwish Nadim , Vimalanathan Kasturi , Raston Colin L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReducing resistance in silicon‐based devices is important as they get miniaturized further. 2D materials offer an opportunity to increase conductivity whilst reducing size. A scalable, environmentally benign method is developed for preparing partially oxidized gallium/indium sheets down to 10 nm thick from a eutectic melt of the two metals. Exfoliation of the planar/corrugated oxide skin of the melt is achieved using the vortex fluidic device with a variation in composition across the sheets determined using Auger spectroscopy. From an application perspective, the oxidized gallium indium sheets reduce the contact resistance between metals such as platinum and silicon (Si) as a semiconductor. Current‒voltage measurements between a platinum atomic force microscopy tip and a Si−H substrate show that the current switches from being a rectifier to a highly conducting ohmic contact. These characteristics offer new opportunities for controlling Si surface properties at the nanoscale and enable the integration of new materials with Si platforms.
A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges in Air Cathode for Aluminum Air Batteries
Authors: Islam Santa , Nayem S. M. Abu , Anjum Ahtisham , Shaheen Shah Syed , Ahammad A. J. Saleh , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAluminum air batteries (AABs) are a desirable option for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh K−1), low cost, and high safety compared to state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, numerous unresolved technological and scientific issues are preventing AABs from expanding further. One of the key issues is the catalytic reaction kinetics of the air cathode as the fuel (oxygen) for AAB is reduced there. Additionally, the performance and price of an AAB are directly influenced by an air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst, which is thought to be the most crucial element. In this study, we covered the oxygen chemistry of the air cathode as well as a brief discussion of the mechanistic insights of active catalysts and how they catalyze and enhance oxygen chemistry reactions. There is also extensive discussion of research into electrocatalytic materials that outperform Pt/C such as nonprecious metal catalysts, metal oxide, perovskites, metal‐organic framework, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the present state, and possible future direction for air cathodes in AABs.
Swiss Equity Markets
Authors: Meier Henri B. , Marthinsen John E. , Gantenbein Pascal A. , Weber Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince around 1990, the Swiss stock market has faced global competition, deregulation, automation, and enormous growth of structured products and exchange-traded funds. Driven by increased capital mobility, the market has become highly correlated with other well-developed stock markets, reducing diversification benefits for investors. Despite massive market capitalization growth, the stock market has returned more capital to investors than it has raised. During the same period, the number of listed foreign securities decreased. Today, Switzerland exhibits one of the world’s highest stock-market-capitalization-to-GDP ratios, which shows the importance of a well-functioning financial market for the country’s economy. Unlike the impact of the US-subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the COVID-19 pandemic had no lasting effect on the Swiss stock market.
„Must Writers Be Moral?“*: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf Morality Clauses im Literaturbetrieb
Authors: Koegler Caroline , Norrick-Rühl Corinna , Pohlmann Petra , Sieg Gernot 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungInwieweit sind Verlage gegenüber ihren Autor*innen verpflichtet, den Verlagsvertrag und die darin enthaltenen Vereinbarungen zu erfüllen, wenn gegen Autor*innen schwere Vorwürfe erhoben werden? Menschen, die im Rampenlicht stehen – und dazu gehören auch Autor*innen – werden genau beobachtet, und Nachrichten (aber auch Gerüchte) verbreiten sich heute schneller denn je. Insbesondere in den USA steigen die Anforderungen an moralisches Handeln der Unternehmen; zudem wird durch das Internet und vor allem die sozialen Netzwerke nahezu jegliches außerberufliche Verhalten „unter das Mikroskop“ gelegt. Damit zusammenhängend werden morality clauses (auch morals clauses, zu Deutsch: Moralklauseln) im Literaturbetrieb, besonders im angloamerikanischen Raum, derzeit virulent diskutiert. Morality clauses in Verlagsverträgen sollen Verlage vor moralischen oder rechtlichen Fehltritten ihrer Autor*innen schützen, die die Verkäuflichkeit eines Werkes beeinträchtigen und/oder die Verlagsmarke beschädigen könnten. Sie geben Verlagen bei unmoralischem oder rechtswidrigem Verhalten der Autor*innen verschiedene Rechte, vor allem das Recht zur Kündigung des Vertrages.
Zur Einführung: Was ist ‚der Pitaval‘
Authors: Löhr Kathrin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungWie wird Literatur in Recht materialisiert und wie Recht in Literatur? Um diese Frage geht es in den folgenden Beiträgen. François Gayot de PitavalsCauses célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugements qui les ont décidées begründen die Gattung der Pitaval-Literatur, die sich gerade dadurch auszeichnet, dass sie Recht zum Gegenstand der Literatur macht. Gayot zielt mit seiner literarisierten Sammlung von Gerichtsprozessen sowohl auf ein juristisch gebildetes als auch auf ein Laienpublikum ab. Er wird zum Namensgeber einer ganzen Gattung der Prozessliteratur; gleichzeitig steht er am Anfang einer neuen Form von Literatur an der Grenze von Unterhaltung und juristischer Aufklärung.
Effect of Morphological Indicators on the Pedestrian Level Wind of the Existing Workers Villages in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Xingzhao , Wu Xinyu , Yang Luqiao , Xu Jiaqi , Luo Ruizhe , Yao Jiawei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The workers villages are typical residential type during Shanghai’s urbanization built from the 1950s to the 1980s. Due to changes in the urban environment and climatic circumstances, the workers villages have inadequate natural ventilation and difficulty in dispersing pollutants, putting residents’ health at risk. In the context of urban renewal, it is necessary to clarify the effect of building morphological indicators on pedestrian level wind, especially in such old residential communities. In this paper, 100 workers villages representatives were gathered by GIS. Their summer ventilation conditions were simulated using the CFD solving the LES turbulence equation. The correlation between 9 morphological indicators and 2 pedestrian level wind indicators was obtained quantitatively by Pearson analysis and regression analysis. The result shows increasing the building coverage of 0.94% in the workers villages, the ratio of the area of the static wind in summer will increase subsequently by 10%. The results highlight the importance of considering morphological indicators to enhance the wind environment, and provide suggestions for the environmental transformation of communities with similar characteristic in the high-density city.