bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public preferences for international law compliance: Respecting legal obligations or conforming to common practices?
Authors: Kuzushima Saki , Mori McElwain Kenneth , Shiraito Yuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite significant debate about the ability of international law to constrain state behavior, recent research points to domestic mechanisms that deter non-compliance, most notably public disapproval of governments that violate treaty agreements. However, existing studies have not explicitly differentiated two distinct, theoretically important motivations that underlie this disapproval: respect for legal obligations versus the desire to follow common global practices. We design an innovative survey experiment in Japan that manipulates information about these two potential channels directly. We examine attitudes towards four controversial practices that fall afoul of international law—same-surname marriage, whaling, hate speech regulation, and capital punishment—and find that the legal obligation cue has a stronger effect on respondent attitudes than the common practices cue. We also show subgroup differences based on partisanship and identification with global civil society. These results demonstrate that the legal nature of international law is crucial to domestic compliance pull.
Sustaining psychological contracts during organizational change
Authors: Raeder Sabine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganizational change is expected to undermine the quality of psychological contracts. A large amount of research has shown that change has detrimental effects on employment relationships, especially when major restructuring and the downsizing of staff lead to a breach of the psychological contract. However, a smaller number of studies have presented certain types of change and supporting practices that foster psychological contracts. This systematic review of published research summarizes practices that are used to support psychological contracts during organizational change. Effective practices pertain to organizational justice, effective communication, participation, leadership, management practices for planning change and human resource management practices. The benefits of these practices are assessed in the context of four types of changes (minor and major changes, mergers, and downsizing) because these types of changes affect psychological contracts differently and determine the range of practices that can be used. This analysis contributes to the literature by providing guidance for future research with regard to identifying factors that pertain to the quality of the change with respect to psychological contracts. It highlights lacunae in the extant research and ultimately helps support organizational practice to plan and manage changes in a sustainable way.
Beyond synergies: understanding SDG trade-offs, equity and implementation challenges of sectoral climate change mitigation options
Authors: Halsnæs Kirsten , Some Shreya , Pathak Minal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMitigation actions needed to achieve the ambitions of the Paris agreement to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C or below 2 °C have to align with sustainable development. In the near term, this implies a better understanding of context-specific challenges in integrating sustainability with climate policies during the designing, planning, implementation and financing stages. Through a review of selected studies across regions, this paper draws out conclusions focussing on mitigation–sustainable development goal (SDG) trade-offs, with implications on costs and equity for different development contexts. Studies show that trade-offs depend on how the option is implemented and at what scale; mitigation options such as afforestation, biomass production and digitalisation are examples of this. Some options could also result in significant adverse environmental impacts as in the case of battery waste and raw material resources for electric vehicle (EV) or air pollution associated with compact urban development. We find the most important factors influencing equity include unequal access (e.g. urban green spaces and public transportation), high costs (e.g. EV) and financial constraints. Major knowledge gaps include (i) limited empirical evidence of SDG-related trade-offs associated with scaling up mitigation options, (ii) limited understanding of the extent to which benefits are experienced by different groups, (iii) an understanding of the extent to which local context was considered when assessing mitigation–SDG interaction, including the engagement of stakeholders and (iv) synergies and trade-offs associated with cross-sectoral policies. The paper recommends ex-post analysis of detailed and place-based cases that document how synergies and trade-offs emerged and how these were addressed.
Exploring bioproduction systems in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes in Asia through solution scanning using the Nature Futures Framework
Authors: Lahoti Shruti Ashish , Withaningsih Susanti , Lomente Laizha , Kamiyama Chiho , De Luna Catherine , Sahle Mesfin , Malik Annas Dwitri , Parikesit Pampang , Pulhin Juan , Hashimoto Shizuka , Saito Osamu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial–ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) are an essential source of livelihood for people worldwide; however, they are experiencing challenges due to climate and ecological systems’ change affecting their bioproduction mechanisms. These externally influenced drivers challenge their relevance, which calls for the revitalization of these systems focusing on sustainable use and management of resources with increased socio-ecological resilience and improved economic viability. In response, this study was conducted by reviewing the literature on 90 bioproduction systems in SEPLS across three countries in Asia, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia. Through a solution scanning exercise, the study aims to identify the driver of change, the involvement of stakeholders, and the prominent response types considered during their revival. The recorded 348 policy responses are filtered using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment-based response typology to systematically categorize the scanned solutions, and the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) to capture the linked pluralistic values. In addition to the solutions, the study captured the drivers of change and other characteristics of the bioproduction system. Overall, the stakeholder engagement, the solution type, and pathways to achieve the NFF perspectives vary across the countries. In all study countries, the change in natural, physical, and biological systems and challenges posed by land use change are the key direct driver. Indirect drivers in Japan are mainly associated with demographic change, while in the Philippines and Indonesia, they are socio-political and technological challenges, respectively. The NFF filtering indicates a stronger lean toward a ‘Nature as Culture/One with Nature’ perspective, achieved through solutions targeting sociocultural and behavioral change and community-based management. The solutions and the filtering allowed an understanding of the differing approaches, which can guide other bioproduction systems in enhancing their socio-economic resilience and bringing transformative change to SEPLS.
Trends and treatments of pelvic and acetabular fractures in Taiwan: facing an aging society
Authors: Hsieh Shang-Lin , Lin Tsung-Li , Lo Yuan-Shun , Chen Chun-Yen , Chang Hao Wei , Chen Hsien-Te , Fong Yi-Chin , Tsai Chun-Hao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary

Pelvic-acetabular fractures lead to high mortality in elders and their association between different groups is not known. Our results indicate that older age with pelvic-acetabular fracture was significantly associated with mortality. This finding may help planning and allocating healthcare resources, risk stratification, and optimizing the treatment of pelvic fractures.

Purpose
Pelvic or acetabular fractures are among main outcomes of low-energy trauma such as falls, especially in older adults. They represent approximately 3–8% of all fractures and are associated with a high mortality rate ranging from 4 to 28%. This study is aimed at comparing the incidence and trends of hip fractures and pelvic-acetabular fractures in the Taiwanese general population, gender differences in adults aged over 65 years, and mortality risk between pelvic or acetabular fractures and hip fractures and surgery trends in patients with these fractures.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted extracting data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of patients diagnosed with hip fracture and pelvic acetabular fracture between 2000 and 2018.

Results
Older age with pelvic-acetabular fracture was significantly associated with increased mortality. No significant differences were found in comorbidities between the two fracture groups. Results provide clear epidemiological evidence for trends in pelvic-acetabular fractures in Taiwan and demonstrate the need for better strategies to manage these fractures and comorbidities, particularly in older adults.

Conclusion
Findings of this study may aid in planning and allocating healthcare resources, risk stratification, and optimizing the treatment of pelvic fractures among older adults in Taiwan.
Patients’ thoughts about assessment of fracture risk in a dental setting using FRAX—a qualitative interview study
Authors: Elleby Charlotta , Skott Pia , Theobald Holger , Nyrén Sven , Salminen Helena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary

FRAX is a tool based on questions that identifies persons at risk of fragility fractures. We interviewed patients about their thoughts on doing FRAX in a dental setting. They were generally positive but had some concerns that need to be considered before introducing FRAX in a dental setting.

Purpose
To investigate patients’ thoughts about assessing the risk of fragility fractures using the FRAX tool in a dental setting. Sweden has a high incidence of fragility fractures, but many of these are preventable. The most common method for identifying persons with a high risk of sustaining fragility fractures is FRAX, a validated instrument for assessing the risk of suffering fragility fractures within 10 years. In the Nordic countries, most of the adult population has regular contact with their dentist, which could be useful in identifying high-risk individuals.

Methods
A qualitative inductive approach to content analysis, with individual semi-structured interviews, was used. Seven women and three men, aged 65–75 years, were interviewed and assessed with FRAX.

Results
An overarching theme was that patients considered a FRAX assessment in the dental setting a good service but doubted that the dentists would have the interest, time, and knowledge to do it. The patients had little knowledge and experience of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. They were positive towards assessing the fracture risk with the FRAX instrument. If they were found to have a high fracture risk, they expected the dentist to send a referral for further investigation and to collaborate in the risk assessment with their family physician. They thought risk assessment in a dental context would be a good service if the fee was the same as that in primary care.

Conclusion
Most participants were positive about having FRAX and other health assessments done in the dental clinic, but this study shows that patients have concerns that need to be addressed before introducing FRAX in this context.
On the Short-Term Creep and Recovery Behaviors of Injection Molded and Additive-Manufactured Tough Polylactic Acid Polymer
Authors: Gebrehiwot Silas Z. , Espinosa-Leal Leonardo , Andersson Mirja , Remes Heikki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe creep and recovery behaviors of a tough polylactic acid polymer are investigated experimentally and theoretically. We studied the influence of manufacturing methods and parameters on the viscoelastic responses. Experimental comparisons were carried out on 13 different samples manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and injection molding methods. The sample variations in the FDM were based on four infill densities (70-100%) and 3 infill directions $$(0^\circ ,45^\circ ,90^\circ )$$

(

0
∘

,

45
∘

,

90
∘

)

. Theoretically, the Burgers and Weibull’s models are used to predict the creep and recovery responses of the samples. Our experimental findings suggest that the injection-molded samples perform better in creep for most of the cases. However, at higher stress loadings, the 90 and 100% infill density samples showed excellent creep resistance behaviors at the $$90^\circ$$

90
∘

infill direction. On the other hand, the theoretical creep and recovery predictions were based on the nonlinear least-squares regression method. The Burgers model predicted the creep responses with reasonable accuracies. A maximum of $$5.83\%$$

5.83
%

mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was found for the 0° infill direction and 80% infill density sample. On the contrary, the model lacks accuracy in recovery strain predictions, showing an average of 173.15% MAPE for all studied samples. Introducing Weibull’s distribution improved the accuracies showing a 3.44% average MAPE for all samples.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of a Nozzle Extension on the Plasma Jet in Multi-Arc Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Dokhanchi S. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn plasma spraying, compared to other thermal spraying process variants, only a small part of the available energy is used to build up a coating. Another peculiarity of this process is the relatively strong oxidation of the sprayed metallic particles, caused by the high temperatures and turbulent flow of the plasma jet in combination with the ambient air. A promising solution for increasing energy efficiency is a solid shroud that surrounds the plasma jet and thus prevents air entrainments from mixing with the plasma gas. The primary goal of this study is to develop a numerical model to investigate the effect of an external fixed nozzle extension on the plasma jet as a shroud in case of a multi-arc plasma generator. To this end, the existing simulation models of the plasma jet from the previous works of the authors were extended to model a solid nozzle extension at the outlet of a three-arc plasma generator. The developed parametrized model can be used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle extension based on experimental measurements to adapt it to the flow conditions of the plasma jet. The results revealed that the plasma temperature could be increased using the nozzle extension even with relatively cold process parameters, thereby raising the energy efficiency to melt the particles in plasma spraying.
The Power in Rural Place Stigma
Authors: Malatzky Christina A. R. , Couch Danielle L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon and implications of stigma have been recognized across many contexts and in relation to many discrete issues or conditions. The notion of spatial stigma has been developed within stigma literature, although the importance and relevance of spatial stigma for rural places and rural people have been largely neglected. This is the case even within fields of inquiry like public and rural health, which are expansively tasked with addressing the socio-structural drivers of health inequalities. In this paper, we argue that developing a better understanding of rural place stigma is critical for addressing contemporary patterns of spatial injustice and health inequalities affecting rural communities globally. Drawing on international literature and examples from the reported experiences of rurally living Australians and news and other media, we present an analysis highlighting the power in rural place stigma. In doing so, we build a case for the relevance and importance of interrogating rural place stigma, especially in the fields of public and rural health, for changing the conditions within—and the broader positioning of—the rural in the public and political landscapes.
Smoldering charcoal detection in forest soil by multiple CO sensors
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Hou Yuning , Liu Tongbin , Ma Yaqiang , Liu Jiuqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCleaning up residual fires is an important part of forest fire management to avoid the loss of forest resources caused by the recurrence of a residual fire. Existing residual fire detection equipment is mainly infrared temperature detection and smoke identification. Due to the isolation of ground, temperature and smoke characteristics of medium and large smoldering charcoal in some forest soils are not obvious, making it difficult to identify by detection equipment. CO gas is an important detection index for indoor smoldering fire detection, and an important identification feature of hidden smoldering ground fires. However, there is no research on locating smoldering fires through CO detection. We studied the diffusion law of CO gas directly above covered smoldering charcoal as a criterion to design a detection device equipped with multiple CO sensors. According to the motion decomposition search algorithm, the detection device realizes the function of automatically searching for smoldering charcoal. Experimental data shows that the average CO concentration over the covered smoldering charcoal decreases exponentially with increasing height. The size of the search step is related to the reliability of the search algorithm. The detection success corresponding to the small step length is high but the search time is lengthy which can lead to search failure. The introduction of step and rotation factors in search algorithm improves the search efficiency. This study reveals that the average ground CO concentration directly above smoldering charcoal in forests changes with height. Based on this law, a CO gas sensor detection device for hidden smoldering fires has been designed, which enriches the technique of residual fire detection.
Responses of arid plant species diversity and composition to environmental factors
Authors: Shi Haobo , Zhang Feng , Shi Qingdong , Li Mengze , Dai Yue , Zhang Zipeng , Zhu Chuanmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn oasis is a unique natural landscape in arid and semi-arid areas, significant for regulating regional microclimates and hydrological processes in deserts. However, little is known regarding the response of natural oasis plants communities to various environmental factors. Nineteen sample plots (50 m × 50 m) were selected in the Daliyabuyi Oasis in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland based on the location of groundwater monitoring wells and 76 vegetation quadrats (25 m × 25 m) were established. A two-way indicator species analysis, Mantel test, detrended correspondence analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and hierarchical partitioning were used to provide an in-depth analysis of community classification, species composition, and environmental interpretation of the oasis. A generalized linear model was used to verify the results which showed that the current oasis community could be divided into four types according to the dominant species, which is controlled by soil moisture. Measurement of species composition and distribution of communities showed significant differences between species diversity of individual community types. Variations in groundwater depth affects patterns of species diversity which is sensitive to richness, while the degree of surface water disturbance affects the pattern of species evenness. Moreover, the CCA ordination map showed that community distribution and diversity characteristics have their own preferences in habitat gradients. The study concluded that the species dominance of the community and the composition and distribution are not dominated by a single factor. There are differences in the scale and effect of different water resource types in maintaining community characteristics.
Reoptimisation strategies for dynamic vehicle routing problems with proximity-dependent nodes
Authors: Andersen Tiria , Belward Shaun , Sankupellay Mangalam , Myers Trina , Chen Carla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutonomous vehicles create new opportunities as well as new challenges to dynamic vehicle routing. The introduction of autonomous vehicles as information-collecting agents results in scenarios, where dynamic nodes are found by proximity. This paper presents a novel dynamic vehicle-routing problem variant with proximity-dependent nodes. Here, we introduced a novel variable, detectability, which determines whether a proximal dynamic node will be detected, based on the sight radius of the vehicle. The problem considered is motivated by autonomous weed-spraying vehicles in large agricultural operations. This work is generalisable to many other autonomous vehicle applications. The first step to crafting a solution approach for the problem is to decide when reoptimisation should be triggered. Two reoptimisation trigger strategies are considered—exogenous and endogenous. Computational experiments compared the strategies for both the classical dynamic vehicle routing problem as well as the introduced variant. Experiments used extensive standardised vehicle-routing problem benchmarks with varying degrees of dynamism and geographical node distributions. The results showed that for both the classical problem and the novel variant, an endogenous trigger strategy is better in most cases, while an exogenous trigger strategy is only suitable when both detectability and dynamism are low. Furthermore, the optimal level of detectability was shown to be dependent on the combination of trigger, degree of dynamism, and geographical node distribution, meaning practitioners may determine the required detectability based on the attributes of their specific problem.