bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative blood product transfusion in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: A retrospective review of adverse outcomes
Authors: Busack Christopher , Rana Md Sohel , Beidas Yousef , Almirante Juan Miguel , Deutsch Nina , Matisoff Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundResuscitation with blood products is often required for pediatric cardiac surgery patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. However, data suggest that blood product transfusion is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes. Most studies have specifically found detrimental effects of overall transfusion of red blood cells in particular, but few have analyzed outcomes by the other specific blood product components.AimsThe objective of this study is to analyze adverse outcomes associated with intraoperative transfusion of specific blood product components.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 643 pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass to evaluate the risk of selected adverse outcomes associated with intraoperative blood product transfusion. Adverse outcomes included thrombotic complications, stroke, acute kidney injury, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and death. Univariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to explore the association between various blood products and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed adjusting for age, cyanotic status, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons‐European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery Score (STAT score), and cardiopulmonary bypass time.ResultsUnadjusted analysis using univariate logistic and linear regressions showed statistically significant associations of almost all blood components (per 10 mL/kg dose increments) with multiple postoperative complications, including mortality, thrombotic complications, stroke, and days of mechanical ventilation. After adjusting for patient age, cyanotic status, STAT score, and cardiopulmonary bypass time, multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses revealed no association between transfusion of blood products with acute kidney injury and stroke. Administration of red blood cells was the only category significantly correlated with increased days of mechanical ventilation (0.5 days increase in mechanical ventilation per 10 mL/kg transfusion of red blood cells). The only blood product to show complete lack of a statistically significant association with any of the studied outcomes was cryoprecipitate.ConclusionsTransfusion of blood products following cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with postoperative adverse outcomes. Future studies aimed at strategies to reduce intraoperative bleeding and decrease the amount of blood products administered are warranted.
Late airway complications following pediatric liver transplantation: A case series
Authors: Rajasekaran Vivek , McCaffer Craig , Bishop Jonathan , Van Der Meer Graeme , Toll Edward C. , Evans Helen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLate airway complications, as consequence of immunosuppression following pediatric liver transplantation are uncommonly reported.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we describe two young children presenting with symptoms of airway obstruction, secondary to differing pathologies in the supraglottic airway, as a result of immunosuppression following liver transplantation.ResultsCase 1, a 2‐year‐old girl who presented with stridor 12‐months following liver transplantation, was found to have a proliferative soft tissue mass involving the supraglottic larynx. Biopsies were consistent with infiltrative eosinophilic laryngitis and associated eosinophilic esophagitis. Case 2, a 12‐month‐old female who presented with stridor 5‐months following liver transplantation, was found to have an exophytic soft tissue mass involving the supraglottis and hypopharynx. Biopsies revealed polymorphic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) driven post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Case 1 was managed with local resection and high dose oral corticosteroids. Case 2 responded to debulking of the necrotic supraglottic mass, reduction of immunosuppression and rituximab.ConclusionA high index of suspicion needs to be maintained for complications of immunosuppression for appropriate diagnosis of airway presentations following pediatric liver transplantation. Further research is necessary to improve early detection and consolidate management strategies for these airway lesions.
Demand uncertainty reduction among competing retailers
Authors: Li Meng 
Published: January 2023

While the existing literature has studied the impact of demand uncertainty extensively within various monopoly settings, there is little research on its impact among competitive retailers. In this paper, we study the effects of demand uncertainty reduction in a setting with two newsvendor retailers competing on product availability. We parameterize the uncertainty level via a mean‐preserving spread and investigate the behavior of both retailers' equilibrium stocks and their expected profits in response to demand uncertainty reduction. We find that as one retailer's demand uncertainty decreases, it might move its order quantity away from the demand mean, which contrasts with the “pull‐to‐center” effect in the monopoly setting. Moreover, we show that as a retailer's demand uncertainty decreases, its own equilibrium profit increases while that of its competitor decreases.
Empirical investigation of the agriculture–malnutrition nexus in Africa: Spatial clustering and spillover effects
Authors: Okunlola Oluyemi Adewole , Kassouri Yacouba 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany studies have been conducted to examine the direct effect of agriculture on the prevalence of malnutrition; however, there is little solid evidence on spatial spillover effects and much less on the heterogeneous effects stemming from spatial differences in nutritional conditions. We make up this gap by using a dynamic spatial Durbin model to characterize the impact of agricultural productivity on malnutrition in Africa. Our results show that countries in Eastern Africa are more likely to suffer from severe malnutrition than other regions. We find evidence for convergence in agricultural productivity across countries with moderate and high prevalence of malnutrition as disparities in their agricultural productivity narrow down over the sample period. It appears that the negative effect of agriculture on malnutrition is more evident in countries where the prevalence of malnutrition is lower. This implies that agricultural development does not play a substantial role in reducing malnutrition in the worst affected areas. We also report that poor agricultural development can deteriorate the nutritional status among neighboring countries in the short term, consistent with the spatial‐locking effect of agriculture.
Phylogeny of the Poritiinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), butterflies with ant associations and unusual lichenivorous diets
Authors: Boyle John H. , Espeland Marianne , Sáfián Szabolcs , Ducarme Robert , Gardiner Alan J. , Coleman James W. , Heath Alan , Fisher Stewart , Collins Steve C. , Martins Dino J. , Aduse‐Poku Kwaku , Libert Michel , Dankowicz Even , Kawahara Akito Y. , Lohman David J. , Pierce Naomi E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Poritiinae are a diverse subfamily of lycaenid butterflies with about 700 species divided into two major groups: the Asian endemic tribe Poritiini, and the African endemic tribe Liptenini. Among these, the Liptenini are notable for their lichenivorous diet and the strong but apparently non‐mutualistic ant associations of many species. We present the first molecular phylogeny for this subfamily, based on data from 14 gene regions, and including 218 representatives from 177 taxa (approximately 25% of species) in 50 of the 58 (86%) recognized genera. From this analysis, we confirm the division of the subfamily into two tribes, and we rearrange the Liptenini tribe into six subtribes, Durbaniina, Pentilina, Liptenina, Iridanina and Epitolina, plus a new tribe, Cooksoniina subtrib. n., to fill a gap in the nomenclature revealed by the phylogenetic analysis. We also point to several genera in need of further taxonomic revision. Ancestral range reconstruction could not infer the range of the common ancestor of the Poritiinae; however, the common ancestor of the Poritiini was likely Asian, while that of the Liptenini was likely African, with subsequent narrowing of ranges in several lineages.
Combustion Variability Monitoring in Engines Using High-Speed Exhaust Temperature and Pressure Measurements
Authors: Bajwa Abdullah U. , Patterson Mark A. , Jacobs Timothy J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe diagnostic merits of high-speed (HS) exhaust gas temperature and pressure measurements for indexing engine stability and identifying abnormal combustion cycles are explored through experimental investigations on a low speed, single-cylinder engine. Exhaust temperature and pressure are measured using a fine wire 50 μm thermocouple and a piezoresistive pressure transducer, respectively. Synchronously recorded cylinder pressure data is used to continuously index combustion variations, and then anomalous combustion event detection and engine stability monitoring are attempted using HS exhaust temperature and pressure measurements. Two types of abnormal combustion cycles, namely, misfiring and overload cycles are used to typify low and high intensity anomalous combustion cycles, respectively. The results demonstrate that if suitable cyclic exhaust pressure and temperature metrics are used, anomalous combustion cycles can be identified, and overall combustion variability levels can be indexed. The comparative diagnostic performance of HS measured exhaust pressure and temperature and slow speed measured exhaust temperature are also discussed. A thermodynamic simulation of the engine and the HS thermocouple is used to provide theoretical support for the discussion by comparing measured and simulated “actual” exhaust temperature and identifying the flow, heat transfer, and thermodynamic influences that act as limits to the thermocouple's dynamic performance.
Single Accelerometer to Recognize Human Activities Using Neural Networks
Authors: Vakacherla Sai Siddarth , Kantharaju Prakyath , Mevada Meet , Kim Myunghee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Exoskeletons have decreased physical effort and increased comfort in activities of daily living (ADL) such as walking, squatting, and running. However, this assistance is often activity specific and does not accommodate a wide variety of different activities. To overcome this limitation and increase the scope of exoskeleton application, an automatic human activity recognition (HAR) system is necessary. We developed two deep-learning models for HAR using one-dimensional-convolutional neural network (CNN) and a hybrid model using CNNs and long-short term memory (LSTM). We trained both models using the data collected from a single three-axis accelerometer placed on the chest of ten subjects. We were able to classify five different activities, standing, walking on level ground, walking on an incline, running, and squatting, with an accuracy of 98.1% and 97.8%, respectively. A two subject real-time validation trial was also conducted to validate the real-time applicability of the system. The real-time accuracy was measured at 96.6% and 97.2% for the CNN and the hybrid model, respectively. The high classification accuracy in the test and real-time evaluation suggests that a single sensor could distinguish human activities using machine-learning-based models.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Rigid Interspinous Process Fixation Combined With Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Hybrid Testing Protocol
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhang Chi , Zhang Dong-Xiang , Guo Li-Xin , Zhang Ming , Wang Qing-Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rigid interspinous process fixation (RIPF) has been recently discussed as an alternative to pedicle screw fixation (PSF) for reducing trauma in lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) surgery. This study aimed to investigate biomechanics of the lumbar spine with RIPF, and also to compare biomechanical differences between two postoperative stages (before and after bony fusion). Based on an intact finite-element model of lumbosacral spine, the models of single-level LIF with RIPF or conventional PSF were developed and were computed for biomechanical responses to the moments of four physiological motions using hybrid testing protocol. It was found that compared with PSF, range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), and facet joint forces (FJF) at adjacent segments of the surgical level for RIPF were decreased by up to 8.4%, 2.3%, and 16.8%, respectively, but ROM and endplate stress at the surgical segment were increased by up to 285.3% and 174.3%, respectively. The results of comparison between lumbar spine with RIPF before and after bony fusion showed that ROM and endplate stress at the surgical segment were decreased by up to 62.6% and 40.4%, respectively, when achieved to bony fusion. These findings suggest that lumbar spine with RIPF as compared to PSF has potential to decrease the risk of adjacent segment degeneration but might have lower stability of surgical segment and an increased risk of cage subsidence; When achieved bony fusion, it might be helpful for the lumbar spine with RIPF in increasing stability of surgical segment and reducing failure of bone contact with cage.
Damage Localization in 3D-Printed Plates with Different Infill Densities
Authors: Fakih Mohammad Ali , Singh Shishir Kumar , Mustapha Samir , Malinowski Paweł 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The growth in the use of additive manufacturing techniques for prototypes and industrial components implies the need to find robust and reliable tools for damage detection, localization, size estimation, and identification. This study focuses on guided-wave propagation in 3D-printed components and their sensitivity to damage. The material under investigation is 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which was used to manufacture flat plates. Several plates were prepared with varying infill densities. Lower infill density allows to save printing material, but it influences the guided-wave propagation behavior. To study the damage localization capability, plates with and without internal artificial defects were prepared. For each infill density, a healthy and a damaged plate were prepared. The guided waves were excited in the plates using surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers, while the sensing was realized by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Five-cycle-long tone-burst excitation signals of different central frequencies were used, for comparison, where it was demonstrated that lowering the plate's infill density results in the appearance of higher-order modes at lower cut-off frequencies. Additionally, it was shown that guided-wave-based imaging can reveal hidden flaws and even the inner structure of 3D-printed polymers. This shows the good potential of guided-wave-based techniques for the structural health monitoring of 3D-printed structures.
Crawler-Based Automated Non-Contact Ultrasonic Inspection of Large Structural Assets
Authors: McMillan Ross , Tabatabaeipour Morteza , Tzaferis Konstantinos , Jackson William , Edwards Rachel S. , Trushkevych Oksana , Macleod Charles , Dobie Gordon , Gachagan Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an update on the progress of developing a crawler-based automated non-contact ultrasonic inspection system for the evaluation of large structural assets. The system presented is a significant improvement on current robotic NDT crawlers and aims to greatly reduce the time of inspection by creating an internal feature map of the subject in a Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping (SLAM) style method instead of using a lawnmower scanning style where all areas are scanned regardless if they contain features or are featureless. This map will be generated through rapid automated path planning and scanning and will show the location of potential areas of interest, where then, the appropriate method of inspection can be used for a high detailed evaluation. Current and ongoing work presented is as follows; the use of guided waves as the sensory input of an occupancy grid map; evaluating guided wave modes to find the mode most appropriate for this system; minimum thickness estimation using machine learning; improving the transducer setup using a unidirectional transmitter.
A Non-Linear Ultrasonic Approach Using a Fine-Tuned Experimentally Defined Frequency for Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Plates
Authors: Alnuaimi Hamad , Amjad Umar , Russo Pietro , Lopresto Valentina , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Sideband Peak Count – Index (SPC-I) technique, which is a newly developed non-linear ultrasonic (NLU) technique has been established as a reliable technique for detecting and monitoring non-linear detects in various materials such as metals, composites, and concrete. In prior investigations the SPC-I technique is performed by exciting a wideband sweep signal through the material. Although this is a good general approach, the SPC-I technique can be fine-tuned for specific specimens under investigation. In this investigation, a single frequency is selected as an excitation signal that is propagated through the composite plate specimens. This single frequency is experimentally defined using a pristine composite plate as a control specimen. Multiple signals are propagated through the pristine specimen at a range of frequencies in order to find the sensitive frequency. By applying the SPC-I technique on the range of signals obtained for the pristine specimen, a single fine-tuned frequency can be identified that can be used to detect and monitor impact damage in composite plates. In this investigation glass fiber composite plates that are impacted with increasing impact energy (0J, 5J, 10J, 20J, 30J, 40J and 50J) are examined using the fine-tuned excitation frequency coupled with the NLU SPC-I technique. The SPC-I technique is capable of detecting and monitoring the impact induced damage in the composite plate specimens.
Validation of Numerical Wavefield Modelling and Damage Interaction in Complex Composite Structures Using Data from Open Guided Waves
Authors: Savli Enes , Tschöke Kilian , Schubert Lars 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic Guided waves (UGW) are one of the most promising tools for SHM especially for thin-walled structures like composites by allowing fast inspection of a large area in-service conditions. However, for practical applications a quality assessment is necessary to estimate damage detection capacity and probability of the designed SHM system. Such evaluation of a general overview for an arbitrary structure is limited with experiments due to repetitive wavefield measurements. Validated numerical analysis tools must be used. In this work, validation study for a complex composite structure with Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique (EFIT) will be presented. As reference model the measurement data coming from the Open Guided Waves Project (OGW) was selected. The dataset consists of measurements for two different cases called local and large stringer debond with additional baseline measurements. Within this contribution this experiment is reproduced by simulation using EFIT. Results show a good match between the experimental and simulated datasets, as the input parameters are fully determined prior to the simulations. The paper motivates further research, for example related to probability of detection analysis and numerical performance of the results.
Surface Crack Sizing Method Using Rayleigh Waves Generated by Ultrasonic Phased Arrays
Authors: Verma Bhupesh , Bélanger Pierre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Presence of surface breaking cracks on engineering structures such as rails, pressure vessels, turbine blades or pipelines affect the service life. Moreover, if the depth of such cracks is not known, then these parts are typically subjected to direct rejection. Economically this is highly expensive as it can cause the complete disruption of the service. Having an accurate knowledge of crack depth can be used in fracture mechanics analysis to estimate the remaining life of the structure. Among the available nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques, eddy current testing (ECT) is the most widely used method for the detection and sizing of such cracks due to their high sensitivity to surface and near surface defects. However, the size of surface cracks in length and depth requires a complex calibration. Moreover, the depth range is limited by the penetration depth of eddy current. Ultrasonic Rayleigh waves are recently attracting interest for the detection and characterization of surface cracks. The advantages include length and depth sizing as well as the possibility to scan a relatively large area from a limited number of probe positions. The generation of Rayleigh waves can be achieved using piezoelectric transducer, electromagnetic acoustic transducers, air-coupled transducer or laser ultrasound. A considerable research interest on the detection and sizing of surface crack using laser generated Rayleigh waves, has been observed. However, this technique requires extra safety from the users, may require surface preparation and the cost of the equipment is prohibitive. This work presents a method to measure the depth of surface breaking electrical discharged machined (EDM) notches using Rayleigh waves excited and received through conventional ultrasonic phased array probes. Here, the generation of Rayleigh waves is achieved through appropriate delay between the emission of each piezoelectric element of the phased array probe. The time-of-flight (TOF) information of Rayleigh waves and their interaction with the geometry of the notches can be used to size its depth. A two-dimensional finite element (FE) model was used to demonstrate the proposed sizing method. Results obtained from FE simulations show excellent agreement between the measured and simulated true notch depth.
Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Using the Non-Linear Ultrasonic SPC-I Technique
Authors: Amjad Umar , Alnuaimi Hamad , Nikvar-Hassani Arash , Bokhari Imraan , Zhang Lianyang , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Continuous monitoring is the most desirable approach for ensuring the health/integrity of concrete structures. It is particularly difficult to monitor concrete structures due to their non-linear nature and random distribution of constituents. Evaluation of properties of concrete as a heterogeneous composite has been performed by various techniques ranging from highly sophisticated physicochemical characterization to mechanical tests. The linear ultrasonic techniques generally measure the time-of-flight or the attenuation of a propagating wave. In recent years, the non-linear ultrasonic techniques have been proven to overcome some of the challenges during concrete curing monitoring. In this investigation, ultrasonic testing is carried out on concrete prism specimens. The specimens are placed in a 4-point loading machine and stressed until failure. Ultrasonic signals are propagated through the specimens using tuned PZT transducers in a transmission mode. The ultrasonic testing is carried out in a continuous real-time way to allow real-time prediction of specimen deterioration before its catastrophic failure. The results show that the traditional linear ultrasonic techniques (such as the first-arrival technique and signal attenuation) cannot detect concrete deterioration before its failure . However, the non-linear ultrasonic technique, i.e., the Sideband Peak Count-Index (SPC-I), is sensitive enough to detect concrete deterioration before its failure. Therefore, the SPC-I technique can be deployed for continuous reliable monitoring of concrete structures.