bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of vortex liquid phase and reentrant behavior in NiBi3 single crystals
Authors: Rollano V , de Ory M C , Gomez A , Gonzalez E M , Pribulová Z , Marcin M , Samuely P , Sanchez-Santolino G , Torres-Pardo A , Mompean F , García-Hernández M , Guillamón I , Suderow H , Menghini M , Vicent J L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We investigate the vortex phase diagram of needle shaped high quality NiBi3 single crystals by transport measurements. The current is applied along the crystalline b-axis of this intermetallic quasi-1D BCS superconductor. The single crystals show a Ginzburg-Levanyuk (G
i) parameter of about 10−7, larger by two orders of magnitude than G
i in elemental low T
c BCS superconductors. Vortex phase diagram, critical currents and pinning forces have been extracted from the experimental data. We observe (i) an enhancement of the vortex liquid phase, (ii) a reentrance of the liquid phase at low fields and (iii) an unusual magnetic field dependence of the pinning force. We suggest that these phenomena result from the interplay between pinning due to quenched disorder and the quasi-1D character of the material which could lead, for instance, to more complex pinning mechanisms at play.
New angular momentum state via the bosonic operator realization and its nonclassical property
Authors: Gao Qiang , Xia Yun-Jie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We theoretically introduce a new angular momentum state via the bosonic operator realization of angular momentum operators on a number state, and study its nonclassicality based on the sub-Poissonian distribution, photon number distribution, entanglement entropy and Wigner distribution. The results show that the nonclassicality of the new state for odd q is more stronger than that for even q, and the nonclassicality for any q always enhances first and then weakens with increasing g. Besides, the entanglement always increases with the increase of q for all of g, and finally reaches a maximum when g and h are in certain value ranges and q is large enough.
Microscopic study of neutron-induced fission process of 239Pu via zero- and finite-temperature density functional theory*
Authors: Chen Yong-Jing , Su Yang , Liu Li-Le , Dong Guoxiang , Ge Zhigang , Shu Nengchuan , Wang Xiaobao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To study the neutron-induced fission of

Pu, potential energy surface (PES) calculations were performed using zero and finite-temperature density functional theory (FT-DFT) with the Skyrme force. The energy of the incident neutron was simulated by the temperature of the FT-DFT. The variations of the least-energy fission path, fission barrier, total kinetic energy, scission line, and mass distribution of fission fragments with the incident neutron energy were analyzed. It was learned that an increase in the temperature lowers the barrier height, the isomeric-state energy, and the ridge between symmetric and asymmetric fission valleys. Additionally, the gaps of the single particle levels become smaller with an increase in the temperature. As the temperature increases, the pre-fission region shrinks, and the scission occurs at smaller deformation around the symmetric fission channel. At low temperatures, the pairing correlations in the collective space are similar to those in zero-temperature DFT, and when the temperature is

0.3 MeV, the pairing gaps decrease rapidly. Two different methods were used to calculate the fission yields of the neutron-induced fission

Pu (n, f) with different incident neutron energies, in the framework of time-dependent generator coordinate method (TDGCM). One way to calculate the fission yield of

Pu (n, f) is to solve the collective equation of the TDGCM by using the PES from the FT-DFT with the corresponding temperature. The other involves using the PES from the zero-temperature DFT and adjusting the initial collective energy of the wave packet in the TDGCM according to the incident neutron energy. For the cases of the lower incident neutron energies, these two methods gave similar results and reproduced the experimental peak and width of fission fragment distribution. However, for the highest incident neutron energy considered in this study, the results from the TDGCM using the PES from zero-temperature DFT deviated explicitly from the experimental data, whereas those obtained by using the PES from FT-DFT remained close to the experimental data. This indicated that, with the increase in the incident neutron energy, the shell structure of the compound nuclei changed explicitly; thus, it may not be effective to use the PES from zero-temperature to perform the fission dynamic calculation.
Validation and optimization of the epithermal neutron flux detector using the 71Ga(n,γ)72Ga reaction
Authors: Byambatseren E. , Burdakov A. , Bykov T. , Kasatov D. , Kolesnikov Ia. , Savinov S. , Sycheva T. , Taskaev S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An intense epithermal neutron flux is necessary for boron
neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a promising technique for the
treatment of malignant tumors. The epithermal neutron flux is an
essential characteristic of the BNCT neutron beam and its
measurement is directly related to the reliability of the treatment
planning system. Such a tool could be a cylindrical activation
detector using 71Ga(n,γ)72Ga reaction. This paper
describes a detector made in the likeness of the previously proposed
one and presents the results of numerical simulation of the detector
sensitivity and its experimental use. The paper notes the difference
between the simulated sensitivity of the detector and the
sensitivity of the previously proposed one and makes assumptions
about the reason for this difference. The work also proposes an
improvement of the detector, which allows not only to reduce the
contribution of fast neutrons to the detector sensitivity, but also
to provide a new opportunity to refine the spectrum of neutrons that
are most effective for the treatment of deep-seated tumors.
Real energies and Berry phases in all PT-regimes in time-dependent non-Hermitian theories
Authors: Fring Andreas , Taira Takano , Tenney Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate that the existence of a Hermitian time-dependent intertwining operator that maps the non-Hermitian time-dependent energy operator to its Hermitian conjugate and its right to its left eigenstates guarantees the reality of the instantaneous energies. This property holds throughout all three

P
T

-regimes, in the time-independent scenario referred to as the

P
T

-symmetric regime, the exceptional point and the spontaneously broken

P
T

-regime. We also propose a modified adiabatic approximation consisting of an expansion of the wavefunctions in terms the instantaneous eigenstates of the energy operator, instead of the usually used eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian. We show that this proposal always leads to real Berry phases. We illustrate the working of our general proposals with two explicit examples for a time-dependent non-Hermitian spin model.
Influence of solvent on accelerating deposition time of α-Fe2O3 photoanode via AACVD
Authors: Aadenan Amin , Arzaee Nurul Affiqah , Noh Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad , Daud Mohd Norizam Md , Mumthas Inzamam Nawas Nawas , Hisham Danial Hakim Badrul , Anuar Muhammad Athir Mohamed , Mohamed Nurul Aida , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Ludin Norasikin Ahmad , Teridi Mohd Asri Mat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The optical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of semiconductors can be manipulated by varying the deposition time and the solvent used. In this work, the study investigates the influence of organic solvent (methanol and ethanol) on accelerating deposition time for the efficient optical and photoelectrochemical performance of the fabricated α-Fe2O3 thin film photoanode below 10 minutes. The α-Fe2O3 film was fabricated via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The study discovered that the solvent with high polarity enhanced the crystal growth direction of α-Fe2O3 on the (110) orientation. The UV-vis showed that all deposited α-Fe2O3 films exhibit the absorption band in the visible-light region with the estimated energy bandgap of 2.10 eV. Furthermore, the PEC performance exhibited good photoanodic responses with excellent charge transfer behavior and photostability. These findings show that the choice of solvent could influence the rapid deposition time, thus, would be reliable to accelerate the fabrication process of photoelectrochemical water-splitting photoanode.
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin film for optoelectronics device prepared by spray coating technique.
Authors: Kunaraj Arulampalam , Yahya Iskandar , Bakar Ahmad AA , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
CNT is a novel material with exceptional properties. SWCNT thin films have been used in many different applications. To fabricate the SWCNT film, various methodologies have been introduced, however, the problem of fabricating uniform SWCNT thin film remains unsolved. Spray coating technique (SCT) is the most effective method for producing a uniform SWCNT thin film. The CNT thin films were deposited on glass substrates via SCT with different nozzle distances (from 2.5 cm to 12.5 cm). The morphological, topological, electrical and optical properties of CNT thin films were characterized using appropriate techniques. The electrical analysis depicted that the sheet resistance of thin films reduced from 40220 Ω/sq. to 1330 Ω/sq. as the spray nozzle distance was increased from 2.5 cm to 10 cm sheet resistance reached 2133 Ω/sq. for 12.5 cm which confirmed the concentration of CNT was highest at 10 cm nozzle distance. The optical analysis of the CNT thin films gave transmittance values in percentage of 64%, 60%, 52%, 43%, and 46%, respectively for the nozzle distance of 2.5 cm, 5 cm, 7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 12.5 cm. Transmittance percentage decreased from 2.5 cm to 10 cm nozzle distance, indicative of an uniform film coverage of CNT layer. The findings of this study could be a platform for producing an optimized CNT thin film using a SCT for optoelectronic devices.
Before Montgomery
Authors: Holt Thomas C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 is generally agreed to be the starting point of the “classic” Civil Rights Movement, it built on a century-long history of African American protests of segregated transportation. Beginning with challenges to racially discriminatory treatment on horse-drawn streetcars in the decade before the Civil War and continuing with boycotts in the 1890s and street protests of racial violence and employment discrimination over the first five decades of the 20th century, African Americans in the North and South never relented in their demands for equal justice. The founding of the NAACP in 1909 provided the organizational means for sustained legal challenges as well as occasional street protests against racial segregation and discrimination. By the 1940s, other, more militant organizations joined the struggle and pursued more direct challenges to the Jim Crow laws.
Communities organizing for change: The new “Old South”
Authors: Holt Thomas C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the early 1960s, Movement tactics shifted from lunch-counter sit-ins to mass marches designed to pressure city administrations to respond to a broader racial reform agenda, including ending discrimination in public service and private employment as well as the desegregation of public accommodations like buses and lunch-counters. The most prominent targets during this second phase of the Movement were cities and towns steeped in “Old South” traditions but also experiencing social and economic changes much like the New South cities. In these cities whites reacted with harsh legal penalties and both official as well as vigilante violence. Thus did civil rights activism in cities like Birmingham, Alabama and Danville, Virginia bring international as well as national attention to the brutalities as well as the absurdities of the South’s discriminatory laws governing public accommodations.
Race, slavery, and ideology in colonial North America
Authors: Holloway Jonathan Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter places the arrival of the enslaved Africans in Jamestown Colony in 1619 into the larger context of the emergence of the slave trade in Africa and the presence of early African explorers in North America. It describes the horrors of the Middle Passage. The chapter also explores the contradictions in the founding ideologies of the English colonies and then the United States of America, both of which relied upon narratives of freedom while creating systems of racialized slavery. Thomas Jefferson embodies many of these contradictions—simultaneously an eloquent author of democratic governance and a slaveholder.
The nature of addiction
Authors: Humphreys Keith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores different ways of describing the nature of addiction. According to Alcoholics Anonymous, addiction is a disease rooted in a person’s character that has physical, psychological, and spiritual components. The 12-step disease model infers that recovery needs cessation of substance use alongside the reconstruction of moral character. The chapter also looks into the idea of addiction as a brain disease as well as viewing it not as a disease but as poor health behavior. The chapter explains how each model of addiction triggers implications for holding people accountable for their conduct. Moreover, legal alcohol and other public safety harms correlate to the significant interaction between the criminal justice system and addicted people.
Causes of addiction
Authors: Humphreys Keith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the possible causes of addictions. According to science, addiction has genetic components wherein people with addicted relatives can have higher risks of addiction. Other possible contributors to addiction range between human evolution and modern technology, biochemistry, and global commerce. The chapter also covers the risk and protective factors for addiction existing in individuals, environments, and transactions between the two. Moreover, the availability of the drugs and norms and values affect how common drug consumption will be. The most prevalent factor shaping human values and norms is religion, and religion tends to denounce substance use and intoxication. The chapter also studies the correlation between addiction and mental health.
Cultural and public policy approaches to addiction
Authors: Humphreys Keith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the cultural and public policy approaches to addiction. It recognizes the varying prevalence of drug addiction and its correlated experience in societies. Countries typically impose public policy involving formal laws, regulations, and programs to curb addiction. Meanwhile, cultural approaches refer to widespread practices and beliefs around drugs and addiction. The chapter examines the difference in cultural attitudes about drugs between more restrictive and more libertarian cultures. It also details the different public policies toward addiction, including prohibitions, regulation of addiction producing industries, providing services for people with addiction, preventing addiction in individuals, and reducing the incidence of addiction in the population.
133 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DELAYED HEALTHCARE UTILISATION AND CHRONIC CONDITIONS AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN IRELAND
Authors: Hennelly N , Lalor G , Gibney S , Kenny R A , Ward M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted significantly on the lives of older adults in Ireland, including the cancellation or postponement of healthcare services. This study examined the relationship between healthcare delay and older adults (50 years and over) with chronic conditions in Ireland.

Methods
This study used data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) COVID-19 study and previous waves of TILDA. The COVID-19 study data was collected between July 2020 and November 2020. Taking existing healthcare demand into account, logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between healthcare delay and older adults with chronic conditions. Additional analysis, using multinomial logit regression, explored the reasons for healthcare delay, whether the delays were on the participants behalf or the health service provider.

Results
In total, 31.6% of participants reported healthcare delay. Older adults with two or more chronic conditions were more likely to experience healthcare delay than those with no chronic conditions. In the second analysis, older adults with two or more chronic conditions were more likely to have healthcare delayed by the provider and were also more likely to delay their own healthcare than those with no chronic conditions. Additionally, some other groups were more likely to experience healthcare delay such as: people aged 70 years and over, females, those with problematic alcohol consumption, those with third-level education, those who had visited the GP and those who reported polypharmacy. While older adults living with others and those living outside Dublin were less likely to experience healthcare delay.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that some groups of older adults may have been impacted more than others by healthcare delay during the pandemic. Policy and practice should focus on effective strategies to support the healthcare needs of these older adults going forward. Additionally, future research should examine the implications of healthcare delay on health outcomes.
199 EMBEDDING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITHIN HOME CARE SERVICES FOR OLDER ADULTS IN IRELAND—A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS
Authors: Swan L , Horgan F , Cummins V , Doyle F , Galvin R , Burton E , Sorensen J , Jabakhanji S B , Skelton D , Townley B , Rooney D , Jackson G , Murphy L , Warters A , O'Sullivan M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
In Ireland, over 53,000 older adults are supported in their community by formal home support, amounting to an estimated 19 million care hours annually. There is a growing need to move beyond care, to more proactive approaches to maintain physical function. In a feasibility study, we delivered the ‘Care to Move’ (CTM) programme through existing home support services. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore the experience and perceptions of Health Care Assistants (HCAs), who were trained in, and delivered the CTM programme.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 22 HCAs involved in the delivery of the programme among older adults [n = 35, mean age 82.8 (7.8) years]. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed thematically to capture barriers and facilitators to programme delivery.

Results
Barriers and facilitators were identified under three main themes i) the programme ii) the care setting, iii) the clients. Overall, there was a positive perception of the programme’s focus on ‘movement prompts and motivators’, the ‘fit’ within home support services, and the training provided. Practical challenges of limited time and the task-orientation nature of home support were reported as recurring barriers for CTM. Many HCAs commented on the value and perceived positive benefits of the programme for their clients. Though negative perceptions of older adult’s motivation or ability to engage with physical activity also emerged. Risk, such as injury or pain, was identified but was not a dominant theme.

Conclusion
Our preliminary findings suggest that embedding physical activity initiatives within home support services could be feasible. Restructuring of services, engaging HCAs, and moving beyond traditional ‘task-oriented' care models to more personalised proactive approaches may facilitate this initiative and support ageing in place.
201 THE BI-DIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LONELINESS AND DEPRESSION, BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ward M , Kenny R A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults in Ireland experienced a threefold increase in the prevalence of loneliness while the percentage experiencing clinically significant depressive more than doubled. While loneliness and depression are related, the nature and directionality of this association is still unclear. This study describes changes in both depression and loneliness from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and adds to the limited literature on the potential bi-directional nature of the association between loneliness and depression.

Methods
Data are from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a prospective nationally representative study of community-dwelling adults recruited from community-dwelling adults aged 50+. Data from three waves of TILDA, including a COVID-19 specific sub-study (n = 3,964), were included in the analyses. An auto-regressive cross-lagged panel modelling approach was used to estimate the effect of depression on loneliness and vice versa.

Results
Neither loneliness nor depression increased between the two time points prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and increased significantly during the pandemic. There was a bi-directional association between loneliness and depression across time while the strength of the correlation between the two was stronger during the pandemic than had previously been the case.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant increases in both loneliness and depression among older adults. Furthermore, the bi-directional nature of the association between the two suggests that loneliness can both be considered a symptom of depression and that depression may foment a negative evaluation of an individual's social interactions resulting in greater loneliness.
34 PATHFINDER; AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT FOR OLDER PATIENTS WHO DIAL 999/112
Authors: Bernard P , Corcoran G , Kenna L , O'Brien C , Ward P , Howard W , Hogan L , Mooney R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Traditionally in Ireland, people who dial 999/112 are transported to the Emergency Department (ED) unless they decline to travel. Many have non-urgent needs that could be treated elsewhere. Older people are particularly vulnerable to adverse events while in hospital. Alternative care pathway models can reduce ED crowding and improve patient outcomes.

Methods
This service is a collaboration between the National Ambulance Service and Occupational Therapy (OT) and Physiotherapy Departments at a Dublin teaching hospital; funded by the Sláintecare Integration fund. It responds to low acuity 999/112 calls for people 65 years and older within the hospital catchment.
The team operates Monday–Friday, a ‘Rapid Response Team’ (Advanced Paramedic and Physiotherapy/OT) (8:00–20:00) and a ‘Follow-Up Team’ (Physiotherapy and OT) (8:00–16:00).
Once activated, the ‘Rapid Response Team’ conduct a comprehensive assessment in the home to establish whether a suitable alternative to the ED is available, commonly through the activation of one or more alternative care pathways (e.g. GP, Integrated Care Team, Primary Care Team, Community Intervention Team, Geriatric Day Hospital).

Results
In the first year, 485 patients were responded to. Average age was 80 years, average Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale score was 6 (moderately frail). The majority (68%) remained at home following initial review. Less than 1% re-presented within 24 hours, 9% re-presented within 7 days. The three most common reasons for dialling 999/112 were falls, generally unwell and non-traumatic back pain. Patient and care-giver feedback demonstrated a very high level of satisfaction with the service.

Conclusion
This model is a safe alternative to the ED for older people following a low-acuity 999/112 call. Access to a network of alternative care pathways and immediate follow-up are two key enablers. The overwhelmingly positive feedback confirms that older people want this service. It is the first model of this kind to be evaluated in Ireland, and could expand, with local adaptation, nationally.