bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging evidence for the direct role of auditory scene analysis in object perception
Authors: Gurariy Gennadiy , Randall Richard , Greenberg Adam S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Auditory Scene Analysis (ASA) refers to the grouping of acoustic signals into auditory objects. Previously, we have shown that perceived musicality of auditory sequences varies with high-level organizational features. Here, we explore the neural mechanisms mediating ASA and auditory object perception. Participants performed musicality judgments on randomly generated pure-tone sequences and manipulated versions of each sequence containing low-level changes (amplitude; timbre). Low-level manipulations affected auditory object perception as evidenced by changes in musicality ratings. fMRI was used to measure neural activation to sequences rated most and least musical, and the altered versions of each sequence. Next, we generated two partially overlapping networks: (i) a music processing network (music localizer) and (ii) an ASA network (base sequences vs. ASA manipulated sequences). Using Representational Similarity Analysis, we correlated the functional profiles of each ROI to a model generated from behavioral musicality ratings as well as models corresponding to low-level feature processing and music perception. Within overlapping regions, areas near primary auditory cortex correlated with low-level ASA models, whereas right IPS was correlated with musicality ratings. Shared neural mechanisms that correlate with behavior and underlie both ASA and music perception suggests that low-level features of auditory stimuli play a role in auditory object perception.
A generalizable connectome-based marker of in-scan sustained attention in neurodiverse youth
Authors: Horien Corey , Greene Abigail S , Shen Xilin , Fortes Diogo , Brennan-Wydra Emma , Banarjee Chitra , Foster Rachel , Donthireddy Veda , Butler Maureen , Powell Kelly , Vernetti Angelina , Mandino Francesca , O’Connor David , Lake Evelyn M R , McPartland James C , Volkmar Fred R , Chun Marvin , Chawarska Katarzyna , Rosenberg Monica D , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R Todd 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifficulty with attention is an important symptom in many conditions in psychiatry, including neurodiverse conditions such as autism. There is a need to better understand the neurobiological correlates of attention and leverage these findings in healthcare settings. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if it is possible to build dimensional predictive models of attentional state in a sample that includes participants with neurodiverse conditions. Here, we use 5 datasets to identify and validate functional connectome-based markers of attention. In dataset 1, we use connectome-based predictive modeling and observe successful prediction of performance on an in-scan sustained attention task in a sample of youth, including participants with a neurodiverse condition. The predictions are not driven by confounds, such as head motion. In dataset 2, we find that the attention network model defined in dataset 1 generalizes to predict in-scan attention in a separate sample of neurotypical participants performing the same attention task. In datasets 3–5, we use connectome-based identification and longitudinal scans to probe the stability of the attention network across months to years in individual participants. Our results help elucidate the brain correlates of attentional state in youth and support the further development of predictive dimensional models of other clinically relevant phenotypes.
No Association of IFNL4 Genotype With Opportunistic Infections and Cancers Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection
Authors: Fang Michelle Z , Jackson Sarah S , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Kim Eun-Young , Chen Sabrina , Hussain Shehnaz K , Jacobson Lisa P , Martinson Jeremy , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , Thio Chloe L , Duggal Priya , Wolinsky Steven , O’Brien Thomas R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
IFNL4 genetic variants that are strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus have been linked to risk of certain opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infection. As the interferon (IFN) λ family plays a role in response to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, IFNL4 genotype might affect risk for a wide range of OIs/cancers.

Methods
We examined associations between genotype for the functional IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism and incidence of 16 OIs/cancers among 2310 men with human immunodeficiency virus (2038 white; 272 black) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1984–1990. Our primary analyses used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for self-reported racial ancestry to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, comparing participants with the genotypes that generate IFN-λ4 and those with the genotype that abrogates IFN-λ4. We censored follow-up at the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapies.

Results
We found no statistically significant association between IFNL4 genotype and the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% confidence interval, .76–1.11]), cytomegalovirus infection (0.94 [.71–1.24]), herpes simplex virus infection (1.37 [.68–2.93]), or any other OI/cancer. We observed consistent results using additive genetic models and after controlling for CD4 cell count through time-dependent adjustment or restriction to participants with a low CD4 cell count.

Conclusions
The absence of associations between IFNL4 genotype and these OIs/cancers provides evidence that this gene does not affect the risk of disease from opportunistic pathogens.
Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Analysis Provides Evidence for the Causal Involvement of Dysregulation of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Yajing , Sun Yuhao , Yuan Shuai , Kalla Rahul , Sun Jing , Zhao Jianhui , Wang Lijuan , Chen Xuejie , Zhou Xuan , Dai Siqi , Zhang Yu , Ho Gwo-tzer , Xia Dajing , Cao Qian , Liu Zhanju , Larsson Susanna C , Wang Xiaoyan , Ding Kefeng , Halfvarson Jonas , Li Xue , Theodoratou Evropi , Satsangi Jack 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Systemic inflammation is well recognised to be associated with ulcerative colitis [UC], but whether these effects are causal or consequential remains unclear. We aimed to define potential causal relationship of cytokine dysregulation with different tiers of evidence.

Methods
We first synthesised serum proteomic profiling data from two multicentred observational studies, in which a panel of systemic inflammatory proteins was analysed to examine their associations with UC risk. To further dissect observed associations, we then performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation [TSMR] analysis from both forward and reverse directions using five genome-wide association study [GWAS] summary level data for serum proteomic profiles and the largest GWAS of 28 738 European-ancestry individuals for UC risk.

Results
Pooled analysis of serum proteomic data identified 14 proteins to be associated with the risk of UC. Forward MR analysis using only cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci [cis-pQTLs] or trans-pQTLs further validated causal associations of two chemokines and the increased risk of UC: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 [CXCL9] [OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08, 1.95, p = 0.012] and C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [CCL11] [OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.18, p = 3.89 × 10-10]. Using both cis- and trans-acting pQTLs, an association of caspase-8 [CASP8] [OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05, p = 7.63 × 10-19] was additionally identified. Reverse MR did not find any influence of genetic predisposition to UC on any of these three inflammation proteins.

Conclusion
Pre-existing elevated levels of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC.
Revisiting the characteristics and ablation strategy of biatrial tachycardias: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Lai Yiwei , Guo Qi , Sang Caihua , Gao Mingyang , Huang Lihong , Zuo Song , Lu Zhibing , Jiang Chenxi , Li Songnan , Guo Xueyuan , Wang Wei , Liu Nian , Li Changyi , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhao Xin , Tang Ribo , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe the role of left atrial (LA) epicardial conduction and targets of ablation in biatrial tachycardias (BiATs).Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with BiAT diagnosed by high-density mapping and appropriate entrainment were enrolled. A systematic review of case reports or series was then performed. Biatrial tachycardia was identified in 20 patients aged 63.5 ± 11.1 years. Among them, eight had LA epicardial conduction, including four via the ligament of Marshall, two via myocardial fibres between the great cardiac vein (GCV) and LA, one via septopulmonary bundle, and one via myocardial fibres between the posterior wall and coronary sinus. Ablation was targeted at the anatomical isthmus in 14, including 5 undergoing vein of Marshall ethanol infusion and 2 undergoing ablation in the GCV. Another six underwent ablation at interatrial connections, including one with septopulmonary bundle at the fossa ovalis and five at the atrial insertions of Bachmann’s bundle. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 ± 3.8 months, five patients had recurrence of atrial fibrillation/flutter. Systematic review enrolled 87 patients in previous and the present reports, showing a higher risk of impairment in atrial physiology in those targeting interatrial connections (30.4 vs. 5.0%, P &lt; 0.001) but no significant difference in short- and long-term effectiveness.ConclusionLeft atrial epicardial conduction is common in BiATs and affects the ablation strategy. Atrial physiology is a major concern in selecting the target of intervention.
Public expectations of good primary health care in China: a national qualitative study
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Zhao Ruixue , Zhang Jinnan , Xu Tiange , Lu Jiao , Nicholas Stephen , Wei Xiaolin , Liu Xiaoyun , Yang Huiyun , Matiland Elizabeth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
China is currently making efforts to transform the current hospital-centric service delivery system to people-centred primary health care (PHC)-based delivery system, with service delivery organized around the health needs and expectations of people. To help direct China’s PHC reform efforts, a profile of high-quality PHC from the public’s perspective is required.

Objectives
To profile high-quality PHC from the perspective of the Chinese public.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted in 6 provinces (Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Heilongjiang) in China. In total, 58 interviewees completed the recorded interview. For transcription, trained research assistant listened to the recording of the interviews, summarizing each 30-s segment in English. Next, thematic analysis was performed on the narrative summaries to identify thematic families.

Results
Seven themes and 16 subthemes were generated from the analysis of our interview data. In order of their frequency, the interviewees expressed a high expectation for interpersonal communication and technical quality; followed by access, comprehensive care, cost, continuity, and coordination.

Conclusions
Using qualitative data from 6 provinces in China, knowledge was generated to reveal the public’s views and expectations for high-quality PHC. Our results confirm the urgent need for quality improvement efforts to improve patient experience and technical quality. The government also needs to further improve the delivery system and medical training programme to better meet public expectation in these areas, especially in establishing an innovative integrated primary care model, and strengthening interpersonal and clinical competency training for family doctors.
Telomeres are shorter in wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates than in domesticated ones
Authors: D’Angiolo Melania , Yue Jia-Xing , De Chiara Matteo , Barré Benjamin P , Giraud Panis Marie-Josèphe , Gilson Eric , Liti Gianni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Telomeres are ribonucleoproteins that cap chromosome-ends and their DNA length is controlled by counteracting elongation and shortening processes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a leading model to study telomere DNA length control and dynamics. Its telomeric DNA is maintained at a length that slightly varies between laboratory strains, but little is known about its variation at the species level. The recent publication of the genomes of over 1,000 S. cerevisiae strains enabled us to explore telomere DNA length variation at an unprecedented scale. Here, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline (YeaISTY) to estimate telomere DNA length from whole-genome sequences and applied it to the sequenced S. cerevisiae collection. Our results revealed broad natural telomere DNA length variation among the isolates. Notably, telomere DNA length is shorter in those derived from wild rather than domesticated environments. Moreover, telomere DNA length variation is associated with mitochondrial metabolism, and this association is driven by wild strains. Overall, these findings reveal broad variation in budding yeast's telomere DNA length regulation, which might be shaped by its different ecological life-styles.
High-resolution mid-mantle imaging with multiple-taper SS-precursor estimates
Authors: Frazer William D , Park Jeffrey 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
SS-precursor imaging is used to image sharp interfaces within Earth’s mantle. Current SS-precursor techniques require tightly bandpassed signals (e.g. 0.02–0.05 Hz), limiting both vertical and horizontal resolutions. Higher frequency content would allow for the detection of finer structure in and around the mantle transition zone (MTZ). Here, we present a new SS-precursor deconvolution technique based on multiple-taper correlation (MTC). We show that applying MTC to SS-precursor deconvolution can increase the frequency cut-off up to 0.5 Hz, which potentially sharpens vertical resolution to ∼10 km. Furthermore, the high-pass frequency can be lowered (≪ 0.01 Hz), allowing more long-period energy to be included in the calculation, to better constrain the signal and reduce side lobes. Our method is benchmarked on full-waveform synthetic seismograms computed via AxiSEM3D for the PREM 1-D Earth model. We apply our novel MTC-SS-precursor deconvolution to ∼7000 seismograms recorded at broad-band borehole sensors of the Global Seismographic Network with source–receiver bounce points in the North-Central Pacific Ocean. The MTZ in this region appears to be thin, which agrees with previous results. We do not observe the 520-km discontinuity in our SS-precursor estimates. Additionally, we detect a low-velocity zone above the MTZ to the north of the Hawaiian Islands that has previously been inferred from asymmetry in side lobe amplitudes. Our high-frequency analysis demonstrates this feature to be a sharp interface (≤ 10-km thickness), rather than a thick wave speed gradient.
The 2021MW 6.2 Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia earthquake: partial rupture of the Makassar Strait thrust
Authors: Meilano Irwan , Salman Rino , Susilo Susilo , Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash , Supendi Pepen , Lythgoe Karen , Tay Cheryl , Bradley Kyle , Rahmadani Suchi , Kristyawan Said , Yun Sang-Ho 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYOn the 2021 January 15 (local date), an MW 6.2 earthquake struck the Mamuju and Majene regions of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This event killed more than 100 inhabitants, leaving at least 30 000 people displaced from their homes, and damaged almost 8000 buildings within a radius of ∼30 km from the main shock's epicentre location (as shown on our damage proxy map). This event was generated by an active fault that continues to the Makassar Strait Thrust (MST) offshore West Sulawesi. The hazard potential of this fault remains poorly understood. In this study, we use seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) data to investigate the source characteristics of the main shock. The results suggest that the main shock partially ruptured one segment of the MST, activated a secondary fault structure, and likely brought the updip unruptured section of the MST segment closure to failure. Our analysis of interseismic GPS velocities indicates that the Mamuju and Majene regions have a higher crustal strain rate than other nearby regions. The results (partial rupture of the MST segment, the updip unruptured section of the MST and high strain rate in the Mamuju and Majene regions) together suggest a significant seismic hazard potential in West Sulawesi, particularly in the Mamuju and Majene areas.
Assessing inclination flattening in the Holocene: insights from sediment data and global models
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Panovska Sanja , Zhang Keke , Hirt Ann M 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYLacustrine and marine sediments are one of the main sources of information in constructing Holocene global geomagnetic field models. The use of sediment records, however, leads to the question whether the compaction of sediments leads to a systematic biasing of inclination. We evaluate 78 sedimentary records worldwide for inclination flattening using the Elongation–Inclination (E/I) method; 20 records indicate flattening. The uncorrected and corrected values for inclination are compared to global geomagnetic field models. The results suggest that the uncorrected values agree better with the predictions from global geomagnetic field models based on sediment and archaeomagnetic data, but also with a model independent of sediment data. The 20 sites are located in mid-latitudes where inclination anomalies are predicted both in the Holocene and throughout the Brunhes epoch. Our results demonstrate that shallow inclination may not only result from compaction but may reflect the structure of the geomagnetic field on short timescales. This suggests that secular variation is not averaged out over a time period that covers the Holocene.
Characterization of the TBR1 interactome: variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt novel protein interactions
Authors: Sollis Elliot , den Hoed Joery , Quevedo Marti , Estruch Sara B , Vino Arianna , Dekkers Dick H W , Demmers Jeroen A A , Poot Raymond , Deriziotis Pelagia , Fisher Simon E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
TBR1 is a neuron-specific transcription factor involved in brain development and implicated in a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) combining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID) and speech delay. TBR1 has been previously shown to interact with a small number of transcription factors and co-factors also involved in NDDs (including CASK, FOXP1/2/4 and BCL11A), suggesting that the wider TBR1 interactome may have a significant bearing on normal and abnormal brain development. Here, we have identified approximately 250 putative TBR1-interaction partners by affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry. As well as known TBR1-interactors such as CASK, the identified partners include transcription factors and chromatin modifiers, along with ASD- and ID-related proteins. Five interaction candidates were independently validated using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. We went on to test the interaction of these candidates with TBR1 protein variants implicated in cases of NDD. The assays uncovered disturbed interactions for NDD-associated variants and identified two distinct protein-binding domains of TBR1 that have essential roles in protein–protein interaction.
Exploring novel functions of BACH2 in the acquisition of antigen-specific antibodies
Authors: Ochiai Kyoko , Igarashi Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BACH2 [BTB (broad-complex, tramtrak and bric à brac) and CNC (cap ‘n’ collar) homolog 2] is known as a transcriptional repressor and broadly functions in regulating immune cell differentiation. Here, we focus on BACH2 function in B cells, where BACH2 was first shown to play an important role in the immune system. In B cells, BACH2 orchestrates the gene regulatory network that promotes class switch and affinity maturation of antibodies and simultaneously represses plasma-cell differentiation. In this context, BACH2 regulates gene expression by modulating chromatin organization, cooperatively with other transcription factors and chromatin regulators, such as IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) and PC4 (positive coactivator 4), respectively. In addition, our recent observation raises the possibility that BACH2 has diverse functions, such as those in gene activation. Since dysfunction of BACH2 leads to the onset of human immune deficiencies, revealing new functions of BACH2 may give a cue to solve how BACH2 contributes to preventing these diseases.
COVID-19 and Changes in Intentions to Migrate from The Gambia
Authors: Bah Tijan L , Batista Catia , Gubert Flore , McKenzie David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in border closures in many countries and a sharp reduction in overall international mobility. However, this disruption of legal pathways to migration has raised concerns that potential migrants may turn to irregular migration routes as a substitute. We examine how the pandemic has changed intentions to migrate from The Gambia, the country with the highest pre-pandemic per-capita irregular migration rates in Africa. We use a large-scale survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 to ask about changes in intentions to migrate to Europe and to neighbouring Senegal. We find that youth say that the pandemic has reduced the intention to migrate to both destinations, with approximately one-third of young males expressing less intention to migrate. The largest reductions in migration intentions are for individuals who were unsure of their intent pre-pandemic and for poorer individuals who are no longer able to afford the costs of migrating at a time when these costs have increased and their remittance income has fallen. Nevertheless, despite these decreases in intentions, the overall desire to migrate the backway to Europe remains high, highlighting the need for legal migration pathways to support migrants and divert them from the risks of backway migration.
International Regulation of Industrial Subsidy
Authors: Chi Manjiao 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Subsidies are frequently used by states as an instrument of industrial policy for promoting economic growth, and are a major reason for international trade frictions. Existing industrial subsidy rules, especially the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement), appear insufficient for effective international subsidy regulation. Subsidy rules reform has been initiated in and outside the World Trade Organization (WTO). Though subsidies are not a China-specific issue, China is an implied target and a major stakeholder of the reform, given the profound impact of its state-led economy. The reform faces a difficult situation: states are tempted to use subsidies to meet various challenges, whereas multilateral efforts in the WTO seem unpromising due to the different positions of world leading economies, and plurilateral efforts led by the trilateral group also face an unclear prospect of multilateralization. Improving international subsidy regulation calls for both rule-making efforts and political consensus and international cooperation, especially from world leading economies.