bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of the Absolute Configurations of Chelocardin and Amidochelocardin
Authors: Sikandar Asfandyar , Popoff Alexander , Jumde Ravindra P. , Mándi Attila , Kaur Amninder , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Rosenberger Lara , Hüttel Stephan , Jansen Rolf , Hunter Maja , Köhnke Jesko , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Kurtán Tibor , Müller Rolf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEven with the aid of the available methods, the configurational assignment of natural products can be a challenging task that is prone to errors, and it sometimes needs to be corrected after total synthesis or single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Herein, the absolute configuration of amidochelocardin is revised using a combination of XRD, NMR spectroscopy, experimental ECD spectra, and time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT)‐ECD calculations. As amidochelocardin was obtained via biosynthetic engineering of chelocardin, we propose the same absolute configuration for chelocardin based on the similar biosynthetic origins of the two compounds and result of TDDFT‐ECD calculations. The evaluation of spectral data of two closely related analogues, 6‐desmethyl‐chelocardin and its semisynthetic derivative 1, also supports this conclusion.
Construction of DNA Bilayer Tiles and Arrays Using Circular DNA Molecules as Scaffolds
Authors: Feng Feiyang , Zhang Ling , Zheng Peng , Xiao Shou‐Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing oligonucleotides to weave 2D tiles such as double crossovers (DX) and multi‐arm junction (mAJ) tiles and arrays is well‐known, but weaving 3D tiles is rare. Here, we report the construction of two new bilayer tiles in high yield using small circular 84mer oligonucleotides as scaffolds. Further, we designed five E‐tiling approaches to construct porous nanotubes of microns long in medium yield via solution assembly and densely covered planar microscale arrays via surface‐mediated assembly.
Application of Biological Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Detection of Microorganisms†
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Qian , Huang Xiao‐Bin , Wu Hai‐Chen 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryEnvironmental pollution and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms pose a significant threat to the health of humans and the planet. Thus, understanding and detecting microorganisms is crucial for maintaining a healthy living environment. Nanopore sequencing is a single‐molecule detection method developed in the 1990s that has revolutionized various research fields. It offers several advantages over traditional sequencing methods, including low cost, label‐free, time‐saving detection speed, long sequencing reading, real‐time monitoring, convenient carrying, and other significant advantages. In this review, we summarize the technical principles and characteristics of nanopore sequencing and discuss its applications in amplicon sequencing, metagenome sequencing, and whole‐genome sequencing of environmental microorganisms, as well as its in situ application under some special circumstances. We also analyze the advantages and challenges of nanopore sequencing in microbiology research. Overall, nanopore sequencing has the potential to greatly enhance the detection and understanding of microorganisms in environmental research, but further developments are needed to overcome the current challenges.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Trifluoromethylated Allylic Alkylation of N‐Substituted Glycine Ethyl Esters with α‐(Trifluoromethyl)alkenyl Acetates
Authors: Zhang Shuaibo , Li Dong , Wang Bangzhong , Sun Wuding , Ma Haojun , Di Kai , Sun Luyang , Zhao Jinfeng , Qu Jingping , Zhou Yuhan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn efficient strategy for asymmetric trifluoromethylated allylic alkylation of easily available N‐substituted glycine ethyl esters with α‐(trifluoromethyl)alkenyl acetates has been developed. Catalyzed by a [Pd(C3H5)Cl]2/(R)‐BINAP, various trifluoromethyl‐containing N‐substituted glycine ethyl ester derivatives are afforded with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The product can be readily converted into diverse fluoro‐substituted species, which shows the practicability of this method.
Switchable Synthesis of 7‐ and 14‐Membered Cyclic Peptides Containing N‐Methyl‐ and β‐Amino Acids Utilizing Microflow Technology
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Okabe Ren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmaller cyclic peptides containing non‐proteinogenic amino acids have garnered much attention for use as drugs, but their chemical synthesis is extremely challenging. In this study, a rapid (60.5 min) synthesis of 7‐ and 14‐membered cyclic peptides containing N‐methyl‐ and β‐amino acids was achieved by only switching the concentrations (0.20 M or 0.01 M) of the substrates. The developed approach required neither expensive transition‐metals nor expensive coupling agents. As far as we could ascertain, this is the first report of the synthesis of smaller (≤16‐membered) cyclic N‐methylated peptides via dimerization‐cyclization strategy.
Effectiveness of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in enhancing the folate content of injera made with different cereals
Authors: Tamene Aynadis , Mekuriyaw Tesfaye , Baye Kaleab 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFermentation can contribute to the supply of essential vitamins like folate, but studies exploring this potential are scarce. Injera is an Ethiopian fermented pancake‐like flatbread made from different cereals. The study aimed to investigate the effect of injera‐making process using different cereals (tef, sorghum, wheat, and barley) on folate content and to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in enhancing folate of injera made with different cereals. Cereals were used alone or in combination (tef and sorghum (1:1), wheat and sorghum (3:1), sorghum (100%), and barley (100%)). L. plantarum previously isolated from tef dough and ersho (fermentation batch) collected from the households were used as starters. Folate content of the flour, dough, and injera was determined by microbiological assay. Contribution of consumption of injera made with different cereals to the folate requirement of children and women of reproductive age was evaluated. Among the studied cereals, the highest average folate content (49.9 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum flour and the least (32.2 μg/100 g) in 100% barley flour, on dry weight basis. After fermentation, the highest average folate content (60.1 μg/100 g) was observed in 100% sorghum dough fermented with L. plantarum. Highest average folate content (15.45 μg/100 g) per fresh weight was observed in wheat and sorghum (3:1)‐blend injera fermented with L. plantarum. Consumption of L. plantarum–fermented injera made with different cereals contributed up to 8% of the recommended folate intake of women of reproductive age.
Construct validation of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐3 (MMPI‐3) scales relevant to the assessment of bipolar spectrum disorders
Authors: Whitman Megan R. , Sellbom Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐3 (MMPI‐3) is a commonly used psychological test that includes several scales relevant to measuring manic and depressive symptoms of bipolar spectrum disorders.AimsThe goal of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity of MMPI‐3 scale scores with respect to self‐report measures of bipolar psychopathology.Materials & MethodsUsing a sample of 644 university students in New Zealand, we calculated correlations between scores on the MMPI‐3 and the Hypomanic Personality Scale‐Short Form (HPS‐SF) total and factor scores and the Altman Self‐Report Mania Scale (ASRM) total and item scores.ResultsFor associations against the HPS‐SF, almost all of the hypotheses were supported, whereas for the ASRM scale, several were not. We also estimated a series of regression models predicting HPS‐SF and ASRM scores from meaningfully associated MMPI‐3 scores. Hypomanic Activation (RC9), Activation (ACT), and Self‐Importance (SFI) scores emerged as the most consistent and substantial predictors of criteria, with SFI scores being more specifically associated with total scores and criteria related to Social Vitality. Several internalizing and thought dysfunction MMPI‐3 scales were also meaningfully associated with scores on the HPS‐SF and ASRM.Discussion & ConclusionImplications and limitations, such as the use of a university student convenience sample, are discussed.
HCV spontaneous clearers showed low senescence profile in people living with HIV under long ART
Authors: Lara‐Aguilar Violeta , Crespo‐Bermejo Celia , Llamas‐Adán Manuel , Grande‐García Sergio , Cortijo‐Alfonso María Engracia , Martín‐Carbonero Luz , Domínguez Lourdes , Ryan Pablo , de los Santos Ignacio , Bartolomé‐Sanchez Sofía , Valle‐Millares Daniel , Jiménez‐Sousa María Ángeles , Briz Verónica , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda ,   Multidisciplinary HIV/Hepatitis Viral Coinfection Group (COVIHEP)
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases immune activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress that could lead to premature senescence. Different HCV infections, either acute or chronic infection, could lead to distinct premature cellular senescence in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Observational study in 116 PLWHIV under antiretroviral treatment with different HCV status: (i) n = 45 chronically infected with HCV (CHC); (ii) n = 36 individuals who spontaneously clarify HCV (SC); (iii) n = 35 HIV controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed at lipid, DNA, protein, and nitrates levels, as well as antioxidant capacity and glutathione reductase enzyme. Replicative senescence was evaluated by relative telomere length (RTL) measurement. Additionally, 26 markers of Senescence‐Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) were analyzed by multiplex immunoassays (Luminex xMAP technology). Differences were evaluated by generalized linear model (GLMs) adjusted by most significant covariates. The SC group had a senescence signature similar to the HIV control group and slightly lower SASP levels. However, significant differences were observed with respect to the CHC group, where an increase in the nitrate concentration [adjusted arithmetic mean ratio, aAMR = 1.73 (1.27–2.35), p < 0.001, q = 0.009] and the secretion of 13 SASP‐associated factors [granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interferon‐β, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐8, IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐1RA, IL‐7, IL‐15, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (IP‐10), stem cell factor (SCF); q < 0.1)] was detected. The CHC group also showed higher values of IL‐1α, IP‐10, and placental growth factor 1 (PIGF‐1) than HIV controls. The SC group showed a slightly lower senescence profile than the HIV group, which could indicate a more efficient control of viral‐induced senescence due to their immune strengths. Chronic HCV infection in PLWHIV led to an increase in nitrate and elevated SASP biomarkers favoring the establishment of viral persistence.
Salivary inflammatory burden in pre‐ and postmenopausal women: Associations with body mass index, patient‐reported health, serum cytokines, and periodontal parameters
Authors: Yakar Nil , Bostanci Nagihan , Özdemir Güven , Atmaca Harika , Türedi Asena , Şahin Çağdaş , Köse Timur , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe decline of estrogen levels during menopause impacts weight, mood, and overall health, both orally and systemically. This study assessed salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, and IL‐7 in postmenopausal (PMW) and regularly menstruating premenopausal (RMPW) women, while considering serum cytokine levels, body mass index (BMI), periodontal health, and self‐reported physical and emotional well‐being.MethodsIn this study, 75 PMW and 71 RMPW were included. Clinical and periodontal parameters were evaluated, and perceived health was assessed with the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Cytokine levels in both saliva and serum were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Covariate evaluations of salivary cytokines were conducted using hierarchical linear regression modeling.ResultsCytokines were detectable in saliva from 71 PMW and 67 RMPW. In the initial unadjusted model, IL‐7, IL‐10, and TNF‐α exibited significant differences between RMPW and PMW. However, these differences became non‐significant (p > 0.05) in the final model after adjusting for age, which implies a negligible effect of the investigated covariates on salivary cytokine levels when age was considered. Lower levels of IL‐6 in PMW, which initially showed no significant difference, became borderline (p = 0.054) in the final model after adjusting for age.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for multiple factors, no significant difference was found in the salivary levels of the investigated cytokines between RMPW and PMW. Factors such as BMI, perceived health, serum cytokine levels, and periodontal parameters seem to minimally influence these levels in PMW. However, age may be a stronger confounding factor.
Pediatric Otolaryngology Short‐Term Mission Outcomes at a Surgical Mission Hospital in Guatemala
Authors: Richard Kelsey , Sanchez Rosangela , Amado Barbara , Lubner Rory , Niconchuk Jonathan , Chen Heidi , Phillips James , Kynes Matthew , Belcher Ryan H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe frequency of humanitarian surgical mission trips has grown over recent decades. Unfortunately, research on patient outcomes from these trips has not increased proportionately. We aim to analyze the safety and efficacy of surgeries in a low‐ and middle‐income country missions‐based surgery center in Guatemala City, Guatemala, and identify factors that influence surgical outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingGuatemalan surgery center is called the Moore Center.MethodsPediatric patients underwent otolaryngology surgery between 2017 and 2019. All patients required follow up. We analyzed the effect of patient, surgical, and geographic factors on follow up and complications with univariate and multivariate analyses.Results A total of 1094 otolaryngologic surgeries were performed between 2017 to 2019, which comprised 37.4% adenotonsillectomies, 26.8% cleft lip (CL)/cleft palate (CP) repairs, 13.6% otologic, and 20% “other” surgeries. Patients traveled on average 88 km to the center (±164 km). Eighty‐nine percent attended their first follow up and 55% attended their second. The 11% who missed their first follow up lived farther from the center (p < .001) and had a higher ASA classification (p < .001) than the 89% who did attend. Sixty‐nine (6.3%) patients had 1 or more complications. CL/CP surgery was associated with more complications than other procedures (p < .001). Of 416 tonsillectomies, 4 patients (1%) had a bleeding episode with 2 requiring reoperation.ConclusionThis surgical center models effective surgical care in low‐resource areas. Complications and follow‐up length vary by diagnosis. Areas to improve include retaining complex patients for follow up and reducing complications for CL/CP repair.
Yeasts are essential for mucilage degradation of coffee beans during wet fermentation
Authors: Elhalis Hosam , Cox Julian , Zhao Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring wet fermentation, mucilage layers in coffee cherries must be removed completely. To explain mucilage degradation, several controversial hypotheses have been proposed. The aim of this work was to improve our understanding of the kinetics of mucilage breakdown. Pulped coffee beans were wet fermented with seven different treatments for 36 h. Endogenous bacteria and yeasts are selectively suppressed, and pectinases or lactic acid are added. They also involve maintaining the beans at pH 7 throughout fermentation and using spontaneous fermentation without additives as a control. During spontaneous fermentation, yeast and lactic acid bacteria were detected and significantly increased to 5.5 log colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL and 5.2 log CFU/mL, respectively. In the first 12 h of fermentation, there was a significant degree of endogenous pectinolytic activity, which resulted in partly destroyed beans in the absence of microorganisms. By adding pectinase and lactic acid to the fermentation mass, the breakdown process was accelerated in less than 8 h. When yeast was present throughout the fermentation, complete degradation was achieved. Bacteria played no critical role in the degradation. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Erwinia soli were found in a lower population and showed weaker pectinolytic activities compared to Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia kudriavzevii. During wet fermentation, mucilage degradation appears to be mediated by endogenous enzymes at the early stage, whereas microbial contributions, mainly yeasts, occur subsequently. H. uvarum and P. kudriavzevii may be promising candidates to be tested in future studies as coffee starter cultures to better control the mucilage degradation process.
On measuring axiom violations due to each tax instrument applied in a real-world personal income tax
Authors: Pellegrino Simone , Vernizzi Achille 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn their seminal paper, Kakwani and Lambert (Eur J Polit Econ 14:369–380, 1998) state three Axioms an equitable tax system should respect. By proposing a measurement system based on re-ranking indexes of taxes, tax rates and post-tax incomes, they show how to evaluate the negative influences that Axiom violations exert on the redistributive effect of a tax. By considering each element of a real-world personal income tax, i.e. deductions and tax credits as well as statutory tax rates, in this study we take a theoretical step further by decomposing the magnitude of the three Axiom violations produced by all these tax elements. We propose two complementary strategies. The first one is a ‘stepwise’ decomposition computing the effect of each element of the tax on the redistributive effect when they are sequentially applied; the second strategy is an ‘overall and simultaneous’ decomposition always evaluating the effect of small changes in deductions, tax rates and tax credits with respect to the pre-tax income distribution, once all the three tax instruments have been simultaneously applied. These strategies can be more suitable and effective in measuring the loss of the redistributive effect produced by each tax element because of axiom violations. We also show that they can give different information on the existing inequities of the tax. We finally emphasize the goodness of our approach by applying it to a real world personal income tax.
Use of antibiotics contrary to guidelines for children’s lower respiratory tract infections in different health care settings
Authors: Poutanen Roope , Korppi Matti , Csonka Peter , Pauniaho Satu-Liisa , Renko Marjo , Palmu Sauli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions for children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in public and private primary care clinics and in a hospital’s pediatric emergency department (PED) in 2012–2013 (pre-guideline) and in 2014–2015 (post-guideline). Special attention was paid to guideline compliance, especially regarding macrolide prescriptions, which the guidelines discourage. Retrospective data of 1431 children with LRTI in November–December 2012–2015 were collected from electronic registers and checked manually. Three diagnostic groups were analyzed: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), wheezing bronchitis, and non-wheezing bronchitis. A comparison of the pre- and post-guideline periods revealed antibiotic prescription rates of 48.7% and 48.9% (p = 0.955) for all LRTIs, respectively, and 77.6% and 71.0% (p = 0.053) for non-wheezing bronchitis. The prescription rates for all LRTIs were 24.9% in PED and 45.9% in public (p < 0.001 vs. PED) and 75.4% in private clinics (p < 0.001 vs. PED and p < 0.001 vs. public clinics). During post-guideline periods, antibiotics were prescribed for CAP less often in private (56.3%) than in public clinics (84.6%; p = 0.037) or in PED (94.3%; p < 0.001 vs. private and p = 0.091 vs. public primary clinics). Macrolide prescriptions were highest in private clinics (42.8%), followed by public primary care clinics (28.5%; p < 0.05) and PED (0.8%; p < 0.05 vs. both public and private primary care). Amoxicillin was the predominant antibiotic in public primary care and PED and macrolides in private primary care. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing for children with LRTI differed significantly between healthcare providers. CAP was undertreated and bronchitis overtreated with antibiotics in primary care, especially in the private clinics.

What is Known:• Clinical Treatment Guidelines tend to have modest effect on physicians’ antibiotic prescribing habits.• Pediatric viral LRTIs are widely treated with unnecessary antibiotics.

What is New:• Remarkable differences in antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric LRTIs between Finnish private and public providers were observed.• Overuse of macrolides was common especially in private clinics.
Importance attribution in neural networks by means of persistence landscapes of time series
Authors: Ferrà Aina , Casacuberta Carles , Pujol Oriol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article describes a method to analyze time series with a neural network using a matrix of area-normalized persistence landscapes obtained with topological data analysis. The network’s architecture includes a gating layer that is able to identify the most relevant landscape levels for a classification task, thus working as an importance attribution system. Next, a matching is performed between the selected landscape levels and the corresponding critical points of the original time series. This matching enables reconstruction of a simplified shape of the time series that gives insight into the grounds of the classification decision. As a use case, this technique is tested in the article with input data from a dataset of electrocardiographic signals. The classification accuracy obtained using only a selection of landscape levels from data was $$94.00\%\pm 0.13$$

94.00
%
±
0.13

averaged after five runs of a neural network, while the original signals achieved $$98.41\% \pm 0.09$$

98.41
%
±
0.09

and landscape-reduced signals yielded $$97.04\% \pm 0.14$$

97.04
%
±
0.14

.
Impact of metal doping on the physical characteristics of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) films
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad A. , Alakhras Lina A. , Al-Bataineh Qais M. , Telfah Ahmad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the synthesis of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) films doped with metals (Mg, Ni, and Sn) using the sol–gel dip coating technique. The main objective was to investigate the chemical, crystal, and morphological structure of the Mg-, Ni-, and Sn-doped TiO2 films. The doping mechanism between the metals and the TiO2 films was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which revealed characteristic absorption bands associated with the doping process. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that all films maintained an anatase phase, indicating the preservation of the desired crystal structure. Furthermore, the introduction of Mg and Sn metals into the TiO2 film resulted in a decrease in the crystallite size, reducing it from 53 to 16 nm and 24 nm, respectively. Conversely, the incorporation of Ni into the TiO2 film increased the crystallite size to 72 nm. Moreover, the presence of these metals in the TiO2 film contributed to a smoother film surface, thereby enhancing the hydrophilicity of the films. The optical bandgap of the TiO2 films decreased with the introduction of Mg, Ni, and Sn, exhibiting values of 3.24 eV, 3.11 eV, and 3.15 eV, respectively, compared to the original value of 3.33 eV. Additionally, the electrical conductivity (σ-value) increased upon the introduction of Mg, Ni, and Sn, reaching values of 0.25 mS.cm−1, 0.37 mS.cm−1, and 2.5 mS.cm−1, respectively. Overall, this work provides insights into the chemical, crystal, and morphological characteristics of Mg-, Ni-, and Sn-doped TiO2 films.