bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite observations of the Alfvénic Transition from Weak to Strong Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Authors: Zhao Siqi , Yan Huirong , Liu Terry , Yuen Ka Ho , Wang Huizi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasma turbulence is a ubiquitous dynamical process that transfers energy across many spatial and temporal scales in astrophysical and space plasma systems1-8. Although the theory of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence has successfully described phenomena in nature, its core prediction of an Alfvénic transition from weak to strong MHD turbulence when energy cascades from large to small scales has not been observationally confirmed9-10. Here we report the first observational evidence for the Alfvénic weak-to-strong transition in MHD turbulence in the terrestrial magnetosheath using the four Cluster spacecraft. The observed transition indicates the universal existence of strong turbulence regardless of the initial level of MHD fluctuations. Moreover, the observations demonstrate that the nonlinear interactions of MHD turbulence play a crucial role in the energy cascade, widening the directions of the energy cascade and broadening the fluctuating frequencies. Our work takes a critical step toward understanding the complete picture of turbulence cascade, connecting the weak and strong MHD turbulence systems. It will have broad implications in star formation, energetic particle transport, turbulent dynamo, and solar corona or solar wind heating.
Improvement of functioning in patients with schizophrenia: Real-world effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly (REACT study)
Authors: Oluboka Oloruntoba , Clerzius Guerline , Janetzky Wolfgang , Schöttle Daniel , Therrien François , Wiedemann Klaus , Roy Marc-André 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Functional impairment affects many patients with schizophrenia. Treatment with the long-acting injectable antipsychotic aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) may help improve functioning.
Methods: Here we report functional outcomes in the form of Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores in a pooled analysis of data from two non-interventional studies from Canada and Germany. Data from 396 patients were analyzed.
Results: At baseline, the mean GAF score was 47.7 (SD 13.4). During six months of treatment with AOM, the mean GAF score increased to 59.4 (SD 15.8). Subgroups stratified by patient age (≤35 years/>35 years), gender, disease duration (≤5 years/>5 years) and disease severity at baseline had all significantly improved their GAF at month 6. 51.5% of the patients showed a GAF score increase of at least 10 points, which was regarded as clinically meaningful, and were considered responders.
Conclusions: These data show that treatment with AOM may help improve patient functioning in a routine treatment setting.
Canadian Non-Interventional Trial Registration 06/05/2014 (NCT02131415).
Germany Non-Interventional Trial Registration 02/07/2014 (15960N).
Aeolus impact on Volcanic Ash early warning systems for Aviation
Authors: Amiridis Vassilis , Kampouri Anna , Gkikas Antonis , Misios Stergios , Gialitaki Anna , Marinou Eleni , Rennie Michael , Benedetti Angela , Solomos Stavros , Zanis Prodromos , Vasardani Olympia , Eleftheratos Konstantinos , Paschou Peristera , Georgiou Thanasis , Scollo Simona , Mona Lucia , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Retscher Christian , Parrinello Tommaso , Straume Anne Grete 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Forecasting volcanic ash atmospheric pathways is of utmost importance for aviation. Volcanic ash can interfere with aircraft navigational instruments and can damage engine parts. Early warning systems, activated after volcanic eruptions can alleviate the impacts on aviation by providing forecasts of the volcanic ash plume dispersion. The quality of these short-term forecasts is subject to the accuracy of the meteorological wind fields used for the initialization of regional models. Here, we use wind profiling data from the first High Spectral Resolution Lidar in Space, Aeolus, to examine the impact of measured wind fields on regional NWP and subsequent volcanic ash dispersion forecasts, focusing on the case of Etna’s eruption on March 2021. The results from this case study demonstrate a significant improvement of the volcanic ash simulation when using Aeolus-assimilated meteorological fields, with differences in wind speed reaching up to 8 m/s when compared to the control run. When comparing the volcanic ash forecast profiles with downwind surface-based aerosol lidar observations, the modeled field is consistent with the measurements only when Aeolus winds are assimilated. This result clearly illustrates the potential and importance of wind profiling from space for volcanic ash forecasting and hence aviation safety.
Orthodontic Treatment under Endodontic Consideration Based on Orthodontic Root Resorption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Danning , Xue Kun , Meng Jiayuan , Hu Meijing , Bi Fei , Tan Xuelian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction

The purpose of this systematic review was to research the difference between root-filled teeth (RFT) and vital pulp teeth (VPT) in orthodontic root resorption (ORR) situations and to offer suggestions for clinicians on therapeutic sequence and timing when considering combined treatment of endodontic and orthodontic.

Materials and methods

An electronic search of published studies was conducted before November 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. Eligibility criteria were based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Single-factor meta-regression analysis was used to explore the sources of literature heterogeneity, and a random effects model was used for analysis.

Results

This meta-analysis contained eight studies and ten sets of data. A random effects model was used due to significant heterogeneity among the studies. The funnel plot of the random effects model exhibited a symmetrical distribution, which indicates no publication bias of the included studies. The ORR rate of RFT was significantly lower than that of VPT.

Conclusions

Endodontic treatment should be carried out first when both endodontic and orthodontic treatments are needed. The timing of orthodontic tooth movement after root canal therapy should be determined by the healing degree of periapical lesions and the severity of trauma if the teeth were injured.
Clinical Implications of Circulating Follistatin-like Protein-1 in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kim Dae Kyu , Kang Seok Hui , Kim Jin Sug , Kim Yang Gyun , Lee Yu Ho , Lee Dong-Young , Ahn Shin Young , Moon Ju Young , Lee Sang Ho , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Hwang Hyeon Seok 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL-1) is secreted glycoprotein, which regulates cardiovascular, immune and skeletal system. However, the clinical significance of circulating FSTL-1 levels remains unclear in hemodialysis patients. A total 376 hemodialysis patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2016 to March 2020. Plasma FSTL-1 level, inflammatory biomarkers, physical performance, and echocardiographic findings at baseline were examined. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of incident CV events and death. Plasma FSTL-1 levels were positively correlated with TNF-α and MCP-1. Handgrip strength showed weak positive correlation in male patients only. In multivariate linear regression analysis, FSTL-1 level was negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (β = −0.36; p = 0.011). Both cumulative event rate of the composite of CV event and death, and cumulative event rate of CV events were significantly greater in FSTL-1 tertile 3. In Cox regression analysis, FSTL-1 tertile 3 was associated with a 1.80-fold risk for the composite of CV events and death(95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–3.08), and a 2.29-fold risk for CV events (95% CI, 1.15–4.54) after adjustment for multiple variables. In conclusion, high circulating FSTL-1 levels independently predict the composite of CV events and death, and FSTL-1 level was independently associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Persistence of anti-Schistosoma IgG indicated a poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica
Authors: Xie Shudong , Zhang Yu , Li Junhui , Zhou Jie , Li Jun , Zhang Pengpeng , Liu Yang , Luo Yulin , Ming Yingzi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease, which affects the quality of daily life of patients and imposes a huge burden on society. Hepatic fibrosis in response to continuous insult of eggs to the liver is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis are largely undefined. The purpose of our study is to detect the indicator to hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. A total of 488 patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica were enrolled in our study. The patients were divided into two groups according to liver ultrasound examination, which could indicate liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis with unique reticular changes. Logistic regression analysis showed that globulin, albumin/globulin, GGT levels and anti-Schistosoma IgG were independently associated with liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis and IgG was the largest association of liver fibrosis (OR = 2.039, 95% CI = 1.293-3.213). We further compared IgG+ patients with IgG-patients. IgG+ patients (ALT 25 U/L, GGT 31 U/L) slightly higher than IgG-patients (ALT 22 U/L, GGT 26 U/L) in ALT and GGT. However, the fibrosis of liver in IgG+ patients (Grade Ⅱ(19.7%), Grade Ⅲ(7.3%)) were more severe than that in IgG-patients(Grade Ⅱ(12.5%), Grade Ⅲ(2.9%)) according to the grade of liver ultrasonography. Our results showed anti-Schistosoma IgG was independently associated with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica and patients with persistent anti-Schistosoma IgG might have more liver fibrosis than negative patients despite no obvious clinical signs or symptoms.
Influences of Various Parameters on Shear Stiffness of Bolted Joint Subjected to Shear Load
Authors: Murai Ayaka , Watanabe Tadatoshi , Fukuda Masahiro , Hashimura Shinji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multi-material structures have been required to reduce weight of vehicles in order to improve fuel efficiencies. To realize multi-material structures effectively, we have to select not only the optimum material for each structure but also the optimum joining techniques for each joint. Bolted joints are one of the most popular methods to join dissimilar materials. Various characteristics for the bolted joints had been revealed in the literatures. Especially self-loosening characteristics of bolted joints subjected to shear cyclic load have been still investigated. However it has not been sufficiently investigated which parameters effect on shear stiffness of bolted joints which is subjected to shear load. When two plates are joined by a bolt and a nut, it is important for functionally designing machines to know if the shear stiffness of the joining point is the same as the plate stiffness or not and if the stiffness changes or not. In this study, we have revealed experimentally and analytically the shear stiffness characteristics of bolted joints and which parameters determine the shear stiffness. Washers with different contact areas to the clamped plates were used in the experiments. The results showed that the shear stiffness of bolted joints increases with an increase in the contact area size between washers and clamped parts. The result indicates that the shear stiffness of bolted joint is mainly determined by the bending stiffness that is an easiness of bolted joints to rotate due to shear tensile force rather than the clamping force. But if the slippage occurs between the clamped plates, the shear stiffness of bolted joint markedly decreases. The results also showed that the tensile force with which the clamped plates begin to slip between them depends on the clamp force of bolted joints and the contact area size between the clamped plate and the washers.
Mapping Enzyme Activity in Living Systems by Real-Time Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging of Nitrile Chameleons
Authors: Cheng Ji-Xin , He Hongjian , Yin Jiaze , Li Mingsheng , Teng Xinyan , Zhang Meng , Li Yueming , Du Zhiyi , Xu Bing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Enzymes are vital components in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Participation of various enzyme species are required for many biological events and signaling networks. Thus, spatially mapping the activity of multiple enzymes in a living system is significant for elucidating enzymatic functions in health and connections to diseases. Here, we report the development of nitrile (C≡N)-tagged enzyme activity reporters, named nitrile chameleons for the shifted peak between substrate and product. By real-time mid-infrared photothermal imaging of the enzymatic substrates and products at 300 nm resolution, our approach can map the activity distribution of different enzymes and quantitate the relative catalytic efficiency in living cancer cells, C. elegans, and brain tissues. An important finding is the direct visualization of caspase-phosphatase cooperation during apoptosis. Our method is generally applicable to a broad category of enzymes and will advance the discovery of potential targets for diagnosis and drug development.
The safe zone of long screw fixation for Ogawa type I coracoid process fracture—Using quadrant method for 3D simulation operation and 2D fluoroscopy verification
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Yang , Yan Junwei , Ge Dawei , Yin Zhaowei , Zhao Xin , Shi Chen , Pan Shaowei , Liang Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose This study aimed to find the safe zone of two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy images in open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with long screws for Ogawa type I coracoid process fractures through three-dimensional (3D) simulation operations performed. Preliminary verification was carried out in cadaveric bone and clinical operations. Methods Shoulder computed tomography data of 100 adult participants were collected and reconstructed into 3D models. Virtual screws were created and placed to simulate long screw fixation. 3D models were adjusted to the Y-view of the scapula to be observed for 2D fluoroscopy, and quadrants were established with the centre of the glenoid of the shoulder as the origin. The positions of the screw tips were recorded, and the screw lengths (L1 and L2) and angles (α1, α2, β1, and β2) were measured. A scatter diagram was used to record the position of the screw tips and screw positions. Then the scatter diagram was switched to a thermal diagram to find the safe zone. Verification was carried out in both cadaveric bone and clinical operation. Results A fan-liked arc was obtained in the Y-view of the scapula of the 3D simulation. Most of the screw tips were located in the inferior posterior quadrant. According to the density of screw tips in the quadrant, the safe zone for screw placement was obtained. The screw lengths L1 and L2 were 53.44 ± 5.37 mm and 40.74 ± 6.02 mm, and the angles α1, α2, β1 and β2 were 30.43°±8.04°, 42.43°±6.44°, 65.14°±14.07° and − 1.7°±26.41°, respectively. Sex-dependent differences were found in L1, L2, and β1, P < 0.05. There was no statistical difference between the sexes in α1, α2, and β2, P > 0.05. Excellent results were obtained both in cadaveric bone and clinical operation based on this safe zone. Conclusions In this study, the safety zone of long screws in Ogawa type I coracoid process fracture was obtained, helps reduce iatrogenic injuries caused by screw penetration. For the best placement of screws, personalised simulated placement of screws was recommended before surgery.
The effect of sexual intercourse during pregnancy on preterm birth; prospective single-centre cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yo Yoshie , Kawasaki Kaoru , Shiro Reona , Moriuchi Kaori , Shimaoka Masao , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Several studies in Europe and the United States have shown that sexual intercourse (SI) during pregnancy is not associated with preterm birth. However, it is unclear whether these findings apply to Japanese pregnant women. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to elucidate the influence of SI during pregnancy on preterm birth in Japan. A total of 182 women who underwent antenatal care and delivery were included in this study. The frequency of SI was assessed using a questionnaire, and its association with preterm birth was analysed. The results showed that SI during pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher cumulative preterm birth rate (p=0.018), which was more pronounced for SI more than once a week (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that SI, bacterial vaginosis in the second trimester, previous preterm birth and smoking during pregnancy were independent risk factors for preterm birth. The combination of SI and second trimester bacterial vaginosis was associated with a 60% preterm birth rate, whereas either alone was associated with a lower rate, suggesting a synergistic effect (p<0.0001). Future studies are needed to investigate the effect of prohibiting SI in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth.
Fibrinogen; a predictor of injury severity and mortality among patients with traumatic brain injury in Sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective study.
Authors: Ssenyondwa John Baptist , Kiryabwire Joel , Kaddumukasa Martin , Michael Devereaux , Kamabu Larrey Kasereka , Galukande Moses , Kaddumukasa Mark , Sajatovic Martha , Makumbi Timothy Kabanda 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction

Fibrinogen levels drop quicker than any other factors in severe trauma such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Contemporaneous studies show that fibrinogen concentrations < 2 g/L are strongly related to mortality. However, little is known regarding fibrinogen levels and TBI severity as well as mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We therefore set out to determine whether fibrinogen levels are associated with TBI severity and seven days outcomes.

Objectives

To determine the sensitivity and specificity of fibrinogen levels and the association with severity and mortality among TBI patients at Mulago Hospital.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 213 patients with TBI aged between 13 and 60 years of age and presenting within 24hrs of injury. Patients with pre-existing coagulopathy, concurrent use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, pre-existing hepatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and who were pregnant were excluded. Fibrinogen levels were determined using the Clauss fibrinogen assay.

Results

Majority of the patients were male (88.7%) and nearly half were aged 30 or less (48.8%). Fibrinogen levels less than 2g/L were observed in 74 (35.1%) of the patients while levels above 4.5 g/L were observed in 30(14.2%) of the patients. The average time spent in the study was 3.7 ± 2.4 days. The sensitivity and specificity using fibrinogen < 2g/L was 56.5% and 72.9% respectively. Fibrinogen levels predict TBI severity with an AUC = 0.656 (95% CI 0.58–0.73: p = 0.000) Fibrinogen levels < 2g/L (hypofibrinogenemia) were independently associated with severe TBI. (AOR 2.87 CI,1.34–6.14: p = 0.007). Levels above 4.5g/L were also independently associated with injury severity (AOR 2.89, CI 1.12–7.48: p < 0.05) Fibrinogen levels more than 4.5g/L were independently associated with mortality (OR 4.5, CI;1.47–13.61, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The fibrinogen level is a useful tool in predicting severity including mortality of TBI in our settings. We recommend the routine use of fibrinogen levels in TBI patient evaluations as levels below 2g/L and levels above 4.5g/L are associated with severe injuries and mortality
Adaptation of a trauma-informed intervention for youth involved in the legal system
Authors: Razuri Erin Becker , Yang Yang , Tinius Elaine , Knight Danica Kalling 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Youth in the legal system (YILS) have high rates of trauma exposure, which are associated with increased risk of behavioral health needs (e.g., substance-use problems) and recidivism. Research suggests that a trauma-focused therapeutic approach can improve outcomes for YILS, but few evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are designed with justice-involved youth in mind. Consequently, implementing trauma-informed EBIs within juvenile justice (JJ) systems is challenging. The current paper describes the systematic adaptation of Trust-based Relational Intervention (TBRI) as a substance use prevention intervention for YILS and their caregivers.
Methods: The current study utilized a methodology based on the ADAPT-ITT framework to adapt TBRI Caregiver Training, an evidence-based, trauma-informed intervention program. Phases of adaptation included (1) Assessment, (2) Decision, (3) Prototype Development, and (4) Testing and Integration. The adaptation process explored contextual factors (e.g., systems, facilities, and staff) and the needs of the new target population (i.e., YILS and their caregivers). Adaptations were made to both content (e.g., terminology and activities) and structure (e.g., session duration and delivery setting) in an iterative process with input from participants from the target population, key stakeholders, and content experts.
Results: The systematic adaptation of the intervention model resulted in a two-phase, four-component intervention package that can be implemented in juvenile justice settings as part of youth reentry services. The primary intervention, delivered while youth are in residential facilities, includes the TBRI Caregiver Curriculum, TBRI Youth & Young Adult Curriculum, and TBRI Nurture Groups. The secondary intervention, delivered after youth transition home, includes the TBRI Family Coaching Curriculum.
Conclusions: Utilizing an implementation science framework to guide adaptation has implications for developing accessible, culturally relevant, and contextually-appropriate interventions. Accounting for contextual factors and population needs can improve the fit of EBIs in juvenile justice, facilitating uptake and ultimately improving outcomes for youth.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04678960
Modulation of the link between the Hadley circulation and the meridional structure of tropical SSTs by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
Authors: An Ran , Li Jianping , Feng Juan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) on the relationship between the Hadley circulation (HC) and the differing meridional structures of the tropical sea surface temperature (SST). The response of the HC to SSTs shows inconsistent variations between the warm and cold phases of the AMO. The response of the HC to SSTs during the cold phase of the AMO is similar to that seen in the long-term and seasonal cycles, as reported previously. However, during the warm AMO phase, the magnitude of this response is significantly reduced. This significant difference in the response is caused mainly by the weakened regression coefficient of the equatorially asymmetric HC and SST. The potential mechanisms associated with this suppression are also investigated, and they relate primarily to differences in the SST meridional anomalies within the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP). During the AMO warm phase, the cooling amplitude of SST in the southern IPWP is larger than that in the northern IPWP, which enhances the equatorially asymmetric component of the tropical SST and then contributes to the weakening of the response ratio. The amplitudes of the insignificant negative SST anomalies in the northern and southern IPWP are similar during the cold AMO phase, and this alters the response ratio such that it becomes similar to the seasonal cycles. Other atmospheric reanalysis data were used to further confirm these results.