bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD modeling of subsonic and sonic methane gas release and dispersion
Authors: Tugyi Levente , Siménfalvi Zoltán , Szepesi Gábor L. , Kecskés Csaba , Kerekes Zoltán , Sári Tamás 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the event of a flammable liquid, gas, or vapor release the first step is to identify the type of outflow, which can fall into two categories sonic or subsonic. The two types of outflows carry different flow characteristics, which effect on the extent of the potentially explosive areas. In case of subsonic outflow, a short jet is formed without turbulent flow conditions at low velocity, which appears more concentrated around the source of release. With sonic outflow, a high velocity jet is formed with turbulent flow properties, which can extend further away from the source of release. The simulations examine the lower explosion limit of the flammable medium around the vessel where LEL20% or LEL40%. In addition, high temperature methane gas release was also presented.
Mineral Associations of Concentrates from Gold-Bearing Placers of the Miass Placer Zone (South Urals) and Possible Primary Sources of Gold
Authors: Kozin A.K. , Stepanov S.Yu. , Palamarchuk R.S. , Shilovskikh V.V. , Zhdanova V.S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
—The placer deposits of the Miass valley in the Southern Urals have been known since the beginning of the 19th century. Over two centuries of mining more than 120 tons of gold have been extracted from alluvial and alluvial–deluvial placers. Despite the industrial significance of this territory, native gold of alluvial deposits is practically unstudied and there is no data on the mineral composition of concentrates. Native gold and heavy fraction minerals from seven placers of the Miass placer zone of deluvial–alluvial and alluvial types were researched. The study of the typomorphic features of native gold and distribution of heavy fraction minerals in loose deposits makes it possible to determine the genetic types of primary sources of placer formation. Chrome-spinel and ilmenite prevail in the concentrates, magnetite, epidote, rutile, titanite, clinopyroxene, hematite, zircon, garnets, and monazite are less common. Chromespinelides of various placers are represented by chromite and subferrichromite, they are characterized by a high average content of Cr2O3 (50.9 wt.%). Chromespinelide chemical composition features show evidence of its penetration into placer sediments from rocks of the ophiolitic association. The composition and morphological features of phosphates of rare earth elements (monazite and xenotime) indicate their metamorphogenic nature and penetration into placers from the Riphean strata. Native gold is characterized by a low degree of roundness. Mineral inclusions in native gold are represented by sulfides, arsenides, bismuthides, cuprous gold, platinoids. Composition of native gold from the Miass River valley placers varies over a wide range. The main admixtures are silver (4.5–23.4 wt.%) and mercury (up to 5.14 wt.%), copper (up to 2.03 wt.%) was noted in several grains. The EBSD study of native gold internal structure showed predominance of primary crystallization structures, a low degree of deformation and growth of gold-rich rims with a fine-grained mosaic structure. Formation of gold-rich rims in gold grains in placers is explained by recrystallization of the most deformed parts of gold during transportation. Placers occurred due to the destruction of primary sources located in the upper reaches of streams or near them, which is confirmed by a low degree of grains’ roundness. The composition of native gold in combination with a set of micro-inclusions indicate the gold–sulfide-quartz type of mineralization of most primary sources.
Grain Boundaries Assisted Construction of Pt Colloidosomes for Tumor Catalytic Therapy Enhanced by Near-Infrared Photon-Excited Hot Electrons
Authors: Ji Sihan , Zhao Xianglong , Li Pengfei , Cai Yunyu , Ma Kun , Wang Changhao , Tang Haibin , Wei Shuxian , Cheng Xiaohu , Wu Lingli , Ye Yixing , Wang Junfeng , Liang Changhao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are photo-responsive substrates that generate hot electrons under light excitation, and these hot electrons enhance the catalytic capability of the NPs, which is useful in many applications. For ultrasmall (≤ 5 nm) Pt NPs with excellently catalytic performance, it is challenging to utilize near-infrared (NIR) light-excited hot electrons to enhance the nanozyme activities of Pt NPs for tumor catalytic therapy because ultrasmall Pt NPs have no obvious absorption from the visible light band to the NIR band. Herein, we report on constructing Pt colloidosomes (Cs) with ultrasmall Pt NPs to elevate NIR light absorption to excite multitudes of hot electrons. The successful photon-to-electron conversion is based on the high density of electron states (d-band) at the Fermi energy in the Pt system, which leads to a high probability of generating NIR photon-excited hot electrons. NIR light absorption of Pt Cs is optimized by introducing grain boundaries (GBs) defects in Mn3O4 precursors by laser irradiation in liquids. Moreover, NIR photon-excited hot electrons largely promote the self-cascade catalytic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for enhanced tumor therapy. This study first validates the generation of hot electrons in the Pt nanostructure under NIR light irradiation by assembling ultrasmall Pt NPs, and then demonstrates the Pt Cs to be highly promising as efficient photo-responsive nanozymes with integrated photoactivity and chemical activity.
Renewable Energy from Livestock Waste Valorization:
Amyloid-Based Feather Keratin Fuel Cells
Authors: Miserez Ali , Soon Wei Long , Peydayesh Mohammad , de Wild Tym , Donat Felix , Saran Rinku , Müller Christoph , Gubler Lorenz , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Increasing carbon emissions have accelerated climate change, resulting in devastating effects that have become tangible on an everyday basis1. This is mirrored by a projected increase in global energy demand by ca. 50% in a single generation timespan2,3, urging a shift from fossil-fuel derived materials toward greener materials and more sustainable manufacturing processes4. Bio-based industrial byproducts, such as food industry side-streams5, are attractive alternatives with a strong potential for valorization owing to their large volume, low cost, renewability, biodegradability, and intrinsic material properties6. Here we demonstrate the reutilization of industrial chicken feathers waste into proton conductive membranes for fuel cells7, protonic transistors8, and water-splitting devices9. Keratin was isolated from chicken feathers via a fast and economical process, converted into amyloid fibrils upon heat treatment, and further processed into membranes with imparted proton conductivity through a simple oxidative method10. The functionality of the membranes is demonstrated by assembling them into a hydrogen fuel cell capable of powering several types of devices using hydrogen and air as fuel. Additionally, these membranes could be used to generate hydrogen by water splitting, and in protonic field-effect transistors as a thin-film modulating protonic conductivity via the electrostatic gating effect. We believe that by converting industrial waste into renewable energy materials at low cost and high scalability, our green manufacturing process can contribute to a fully circular economy with neutral carbon footprint.
Women in Health and their Economic, Equity and Livelihood statuses during Emergency Preparedness (WHEELER) Protocol: A mixed methods study in Kenya
Authors: Langat Evaline , Mazoya Bilali , Oginga Pauline , Okwaro Ferdinand , Matheka Norah , Kibara Irene , Otieno Rhoda , Mantel Michaela , Lorway Robert , Plessie Elsabe , Temmerman Marleen , Avery Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Kenya reported its first COVID-19 case on March 13, 2020. Pandemic-driven health system changes followed, as did mitigation measures. These measures had unintended health, economic, and societal consequences: Kenyan women in paid and unpaid employment bore the brunt. This protocol aims to identify potential gender equality and health equity gaps, and possible disproportional health and socio-economic impacts experienced by paid and unpaid female health care providers in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties during the COVID − 19 pandemic. It will also identify evidence-based policy options for future safeguarding of the unpaid and paid female health work force during emergency preparedness, response and recovery periods. Methods: Participatory mixed methods framed by a health equity, gender analysis and human-centred design will be used to engage the unpaid and paid health workforce in the research. Research implementation will follow four of the five phases of the human centred design approach which include, empathize phase, define phase, ideate &synthesis phase, prototype/critical review phase, and testing phase. Data collection in the empathize phase will utilize qualitative (focus group discussions and in-depth interviews) and quantitative (survey questionnaire) to explore perceptions, experiences, needs and priorities of health care providers in relation to COVID-19. This will then be further explored and contextualised in the define phase. In the ideate& synthesis phase, workshops with key stakeholders and health care providers will brainstorm and propose as many gender equitable and transformative recovery solutions as possible for future pandemic preparedness based on the findings from the define phase. In the prototype and critical review phase, the solutions proposed will then be critically appraised and packaged as policy and strategic recommendations that are gender- sensitive and transformative. Community research advisory groups and local advisory boards will be established to ensure integration and sustainability of the participatory research design. Discussion: Globally, seven out of ten health workers are women. This study will generate evidence on root cultural, structural, socio-economic and political factors that perpetuate gender inequities and female disadvantage in the paid and unpaid health sector. Such evidence is critical for the realization of women’s rights, well-being and livelihoods, and for development of gender- sensitive and transformative health systems that can withstand future emergencies and structural shocks.
Formation of porous Ga oxide with high-aspect-ratio nanoholes by anodizing single Ga crystal
Authors: Kondo Toshiaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We developed a simple crystal growth process to obtain a single Ga crystal. The crystal orientation of a Ga plate could be controlled by a crystal growth process using a seed Ga crystal. By anodizing a [100]-direction highly oriented Ga plate, we realized the formation of a highly ordered array of high-aspect-ratio straight nanoholes. It was observed that the nanohole growth direction depends on the crystal orientation of a Ga plate. To date, this dependence has yet to be observed in materials other than porous Ga oxide obtained by an anodization process. The present fabrication process is expected to be applied to the fabrication of various functional devices requiring a porous Ga oxide with high-aspect-ratio straight nanoholes, such as hydrogen formation devices and functional filters.
Has the Development of Internet Improved the Service Satisfaction of the Elderly in China?——An empirical study based on CGSS
Authors: Zhu Hailong , Xu Da , Tang Chenming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background：With the development of technological innovation, research ideas, and society, the quality of life of the elderly in China has begun to show a trend of volatility and instability. Related factors affecting service satisfaction of the elderly should be revisited and studied based on new perspectives and new theories. After re-examining, especially after the concept of network society is put forward as an important field of social livelihood and social services, the system of influencing factors and corresponding theoretical systems of elderly service satisfaction should also be sublimated.
Goal: Investigate various factors that affect the satisfaction of retired elderly services, compare with the traditional influencing factor system, and explore the mechanism of Internet factors.
Method: This article is based on China Comprehensive Social Survey Data (CGSS), from a networked perspective, using descriptive statistical analysis, stepwise regression, factor analysis, comparative analysis, and interactive analysis to investigate the impact on elderly service satisfaction to explore the role of the new influencing factor of Internet usage.
Results: Research shows that the important influencing factor system of elderly services satisfaction includes not only traditional factors such as income and age, but also new technological factors such as the Internet; the significant impact of this technological factor only appeared in 2015; the Internet's influence on elderly servicess and the impact of satisfaction has a dual effect, namely direct and indirect.
Conclusion: It means that in order to improve the service satisfaction of the elderly, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of traditional influencing factors on the one hand, and to give full play to the value of network technology on the other hand.
Insight into ovarian follicular dynamics and hormonal interplay during estrus period in Lakhimi cow of Assam
Authors: Datta Anupam , Baruah Anubha , Bora Arundhati , Dutta Devojyoti , Goswami Jiten , Bhuiya Dipak , Das Sukanta , Paul Avishek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lakhimi is a very promising indigenous dual cattle breed of Assam, India, with their superior draught power capacity, heat tolerance, disease resistance, and adaptability to harsh agro-climatic conditions. The present study was designed to monitor the ovarian follicular dynamics and hormonal profile during the estrus cycle in Lakhimi cows. The study revealed that two follicular wave cycles were predominant (66.7%) in Lakhimi cows with the least duration of ovulatory wave in both two and three-wave cycles. The emergence of wave in the two-wave cycle was 1.16 ± 0.30 and 10.83 ± 0.47 while in three wave cycle on day 0.83 ± 0.16, 7.33 ± 0.49, and 12.16 ± 0.47 of the cycle. The number of the antral follicular count was more in two waves estrous cycle (4.33 ± 0.49 number in the ovulatory wave) compare to three wave cycle with 3.66 ± 0.33 number of follicles. The maximum size of the DF two and three follicular waves were 11.51 ± 0.54 mm and 12.41 ± 0.69 mm respectively. The hormonal dynamics were characterized by peak progesterone concentration (ng/ml) on day 10th day. estradiol on the 20th (the day before estrous) and the day of heat, and LH peak on the 1st day of estrous with subsequent low concentration in Lakhimi Cows. So ovarian follicular waves in Lakhimi cows were characterized by two wave cycles with a low antral follicular count, less diameter of DF, and lower concentration of LH, Progesterone, and estradiol.
Effects of exercise on intermediate disease markers in people with overweight and obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Fang Zilong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese, providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to utilize these markers in developing exercise prescriptions for this group. Methods The study was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI and only including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of different exercise interventions on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese people. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool and the data was analyzed using Stata 15.1 data analysis software. Results The RCTs were collected from January 2017 to December 2022. A total of 55 RCTs were included and the results of 10 outcomes were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The total sample size used in the study was 3,122 The results showed that resistance training significantly reduced total cholesterol (SUCRA: 99.9%), triglycerides (SUCRA: 100.0%), low-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%), systolic pressure (SUCRA: 92.5%), and increased high-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%). Aerobic exercise significantly reduced insulin (SUCRA: 89.1%) and HbA1c (SUCRA: 95.3%). Concurrent training significantly reduced HOMA-IR (SUCRA: 93.8%), diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 71.2%) and Glucose (SUCRA:87.6%). Conclusion Exercise has a significant impact on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese. Compared with no exercise, exercise lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HbA1c, and increases HDL in people with overweight and obese. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions aimed at weight reduction and the prevention of chronic diseases in individuals with overweight and obese.
Unveiling the Viral Escape: Quantification of Microfloc-bound Viruses in Precoagulation and Membrane Filtration
Authors: Katayama Hiroyuki , Yasui Midori 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The implementation of precoagulation prior to the physical removal process is expected to attain a high virus removal rate. However, a risk exists for viruses to form small flocs and subsequently escape into the effluent of physical removal processes. This study evaluated how the virus in the microflocs could be quantified by conventional virus quantification methods (Plaque assay and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay). In this study, the microflocs dissolution phenomenon in a phosphate buffer solution was employed as a floc dissolving test and virus concentrations before and after floc dissolving were quantified. The findings revealed an increase in virus concentrations by > 1.0 − >3.9 log pfu/ml by the Plaque assay and by 1.7 − >4.0 log copies/ml by the qPCR assay, following the dissolution of microflocs prepared in the humic acid test water. In the case of treated wastewater, the concentration increases were confirmed in all samples by the Plaque assay and in 7 out of 8 samples by the qPCR assay. Fewer viruses were detected in the microflocs that remained undissolved by either Plaque assay or qPCR assay.
Experimental Investigation on Flow Configuration in Flexible and Rigid Vegetated Streams
Authors: KUMAR BINIT , Patra Swagat , Pandey Manish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Riparian vegetation can be a suitable option for the flood control and sustainable river managementas it is beneficial for the energy dissipation of flows. The present experimental investigation is aimed at understanding the flow field and energy dissipation of flows in the presence of rigid and flexible vegetation. Physical laboratory-based models are tested in a rectangular flume to observe the flow field in upstream and downstream of both rigid and flexible vegetated streams. Rigid vegetation is simulated by wooden dowels of equal height and almost uniform diameter in this study whereas for flexible vegetation paddy plants are used. These vegetations are installed in a wooden box and fixed in middle of the channel. A constant discharge ismaintained throughout the experiment. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter is utilized to inspect the three-dimensional velocities and flow configuration in upstream and downstream of the both rigid and flexible vegetations. The velocity profile isthen compared for both flexible and rigid vegetation. The velocity retardation near and within vegetation for the flexible vegetative model is found to be nearly 90%, whereas for the rigid model, it is around 24%. Additionally, energy dissipation at all the sections of both the vegetation typeis found to get a more comprehensive understanding of the flow field.Overall, this study observed that there is reduction in the stream velocity due to vegetation, which further decreases scouring in the channel, thereby reducing erosion and sediment discontinuity.
Content validation of life style modification manual for total knee arthroplasty in Pakistani Population
Authors: Sadiq Samreen , Noor Rabiya , Akram Rizwan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Rehabilitation after knee replacement is an essential component among this population and plays a significant role in improving the functional performance and quality of life. An important component in the treatment regime of a knee replacement patient is the lifestyle modification program which is a combination of education. There is currently no standardised postoperative lifestyle modification manual for TKR despite significant advancements in the field of total joint arthroplasty.
Methods
The validation of manual proceeded via two stages: Stage 1 was the development stage and stage 2 were the expert judgement stage. The researcher invited 10 independent experts with at least 10 years of experience in the field of musculoskeletal physical therapy experience. Out of 10, eight specialists consented to take part. The validation approach involved ranking experts on two criteria—relevance and performance ease—using a 5-point Likert scale. If the score fell below 3, experts were consulted for advice. Scores of 4 and 5 were considered acceptable for calculations.
Results
All specialists rated the items in the manual, and there was good agreement between them. The CVI greater than 78% was considered to show excellent agreement level. Two exercises Calf raises single leg on a step with support (CVI-65%) and Squat single leg half with support (CVI-63%), were scored with low agreement out of the remaining items.
Conclusions
The structured rehabilitation manual displayed excellent content validity to use in Pakistani population. The manual is safe and can be used post operatively in functional phase.
A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on amine-functionalized metal-organic framework and polypyrrole composite for detection of lead ion in meat
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yanxiao , Hashim Sulafa B. H. , Hu Xuetao , Zhai Xiaodong , Li Wenting , Huang Xiaowei , Li Zhihua , Sun Xiujuan , Li Jun , Zou Xiaobo , Shi Jiyong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study an electrochemical device for lead ion based on an amine-functionalized Zr (IV) metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) and polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanomaterials were prepared. The morphological characteristics and internal structural information of UiO-66-NH2@PPy composites were obtained through instruments such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), multifunctional high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyzer, and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The outstanding electrochemical performance of the electrochemical device prepared was attributed to the large specific surface area and abundant amino binding sites of UiO-66-NH2, and the excellent conductivity of PPy. Under optimal experiment conditions, the detection limit of the electrochemical device for lead ions is as low as 0.05 µg/L, with a good response in the linear range of 0.1–256 µg/L. Finally, we used this sensor to detect the content of lead ions in pig kidneys and compared it with standard methods. The results show that our sensor is simple, reliable and provides an alternative solution for the analysis of lead ions in meat.