bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of postprandial ghrelin, liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and leptin levels with body composition, disease progression and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Howe Stephanie L. , Holdom Cory J. , McCombe Pamela A. , Henderson Robert D. , Zigman Jeffrey M. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Steyn Frederik J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeLoss of appetite contributes to weight loss and faster disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Impairment of appetite control in ALS may include altered production or action of orexigenic (i.e., ghrelin) and anorexigenic (i.e., liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 [LEAP2] and leptin) hormones. We aimed to determine if postprandial circulating ghrelin levels, LEAP2 levels, LEAP2:ghrelin molar ratio and leptin levels differ in ALS patients compared to non‐neurodegenerative disease controls, and whether they are associated with disease progression and body composition.MethodsIn this prospective natural history study, we assessed postprandial plasma levels of ghrelin, LEAP2 and leptin in patients with ALS (cases; n = 46) and controls (controls; n = 43). For cases, measures were compared to changes in body weight, body composition and clinical outcomes.ResultsPostprandial ghrelin level was decreased by 52% in cases compared to controls (p = 0.013). LEAP2:ghrelin molar ratio was increased by 249% (p = 0.009), suggesting greater ghrelin resistance. Patients with lower LEAP2:ghrelin tended to have better functional capacity at assessment, as inferred by the ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (τ = −0.179, p = 0.086). Furthermore, ghrelin and LEAP2:ghrelin molar ratio correlated with diagnostic delay (ghrelin, τ = 0.223, p = 0.029; LEAP2:ghrelin, τ = −0.213, p = 0.037). Baseline ghrelin level, LEAP2 level, LEAP2:ghrelin ratio and leptin level were, however, not predictive of change in functional capacity during follow‐up. Also, patients with higher postprandial ghrelin levels (hazard ratio [HR] 1.375, p = 0.048), and lower LEAP2:ghelin ratios (HR 0.828, p = 0.051) had an increased risk of earlier death.ConclusionsReduced postprandial ghrelin levels, coupled with increased LEAP2:ghrelin molar ratios, suggests a loss of ghrelin action in patients with ALS. Given ghrelin's actions on appetite, metabolism and neuroprotection, reduced ghrelin and greater ghrelin resistance could contribute to impaired capacity to tolerate the physiological impact of disease. Comprehensive studies are needed to explain how ghrelin and LEAP2 contribute to body weight regulation and disease progression in ALS.
Validity of the cell‐extracted proteome as a substrate pool for exploring phosphorylation motifs of kinases
Authors: Niinae Tomoya , Sugiyama Naoyuki , Ishihama Yasushi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThree representative protein kinases with different substrate preferences, ERK1 (Pro‐directed), CK2 (acidophilic), and PKA (basophilic), were used to investigate phosphorylation sequence motifs in substrate pools consisting of the proteomes from three different cell lines, MCF7 (human mammary carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), and Jurkat (human acute T‐cell leukemia). Specifically, recombinant kinases were added to the cell‐extracted proteomes to phosphorylate the substrates in vitro. After trypsin digestion, the phosphopeptides were enriched and subjected to nanoLC/MS/MS analysis to identify their phosphorylation sites on a large scale. By analyzing the obtained phosphorylation sites and their surrounding sequences, phosphorylation motifs were extracted for each kinase‐substrate proteome pair. We found that each kinase exhibited the same set of phosphorylation motifs, independently of the substrate pool proteome. Furthermore, the identified motifs were also consistent with those found using a completely randomized peptide library. These results indicate that cell‐extracted proteomes can provide kinase phosphorylation motifs with sufficient accuracy, even though their sequences are not completely random, supporting the robustness of phosphorylation motif identification based on phosphoproteome analysis of cell extracts as a substrate pool for a kinase of interest.
Effects of doctoral publication requirements on the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus
Authors: Hladchenko Myroslava 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article aims to explore the effects of doctoral publication requirements on the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus in terms of quantity and impact. Research output in Scopus, elaborated by Ukrainian academics in economics, medicine and physics who were awarded a doctoral degree in three time periods (before September 2013, after September 2013 and after September 2020) marked by changes in doctoral publication requirements was chosen for analysis. The study findings highlight that the publication requirements resulted in an increase in the share of doctorate holders with publications in Scopus. However, first, the share of PhD holders in economics and medicine who have publications in Scopus remains rather small. In these disciplines, 9.4% and 18.1%, of PhD holders and 44.6% and 47% of DS holders who were awarded a doctoral degree in 2020, have publications in Scopus. This can be attributed to the low standards applicable to doctoral theses in economics and medicine. Second, the median journal CiteScore quartile remained unchanged in all groups except for DS holders in physics. In their case, it rose from 3 to 2. Thus, in general, changes in doctoral publication requirements did not result in doctoral holders publishing in more impactful journals.
CAPITAL TAX REFORMS WITH POLICY UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Ábrahám Árpád , Brendler Pavel , Cárceles‐Poveda Eva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne important feature of capital tax reforms is the uncertainty regarding their duration. In a standard heterogeneous firm framework with financial frictions, we model policy uncertainty by assuming that reforms may be either repealed or maintained with some probability every period. We illustrate the effects of policy uncertainty in the context of the 2003 Bush tax cuts (2003 Job Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act), which lowered shareholder taxes. We show that policy uncertainty regarding dividend and capital gains taxes can explain why the Bush tax cuts had no statistically significant effect on investment, in line with the empirical evidence.
A THEORY OF ECONOMIC DISINTEGRATION
Authors: Janeba Eckhard , Schulz Karl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the impact of unilateral economic disintegration, such as Brexit, on national and international policies. We introduce firm mobility and business‐tax policies into a general‐equilibrium trade model and analyze the effects of disintegration on tax policies of asymmetric countries. Although the disintegrating country taxes less, business taxes converge in the remaining economic area. We highlight important differences with existing two‐country models. Moreover, we predict a realignment of trade policies with a deeper integration inside the union and lower tariffs worldwide. The leaving country's endogenous integration response with other countries may fully compensate for the disintegration‐induced welfare losses.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN DECENTRALIZED MARKETS
Authors: Li Fei , Murry Charles , Tian Can , Zhou Yiyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a directed search model of intermediaries' dynamic inventory and revenue management. Search frictions hinder instantaneous replenishment, prompting intermediaries to utilize dynamic inventory‐based pricing and ordering strategies. In equilibrium, when inventory is high, an intermediary posts a lower retail price to speed up sales and depresses wholesale price to slow down purchases. We characterize the evolution dynamics of inventory holdings and their steady‐state distribution, and extend the model to multiunit wholesale orders, product differentiation, and heterogeneous intermediaries. Using data from used‐car dealers, we quantitatively evaluate the welfare consequence of used‐car dealers' inventory management practice.
The influence of Al2O3 concentration on the NaYF4 crystallization in oxyfluoride glass–ceramics
Authors: Dagupati Rajesh , Sedano Mercedes , Klement Róbert , Velázquez Jose J. , Durán Alicia , Muñoz Francisco , Pascual Maria J. , Galusek Dušan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe influence of Al2O3 addition on the precipitation of NaYF4 crystals in oxyfluoride glasses has been investigated through the thermal, structural, and optical characterization of the parent glasses and corresponding glass–ceramics (GCs). The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the GC with 5 mol% of Al2O3 shows the presence of phase‐separated droplets about 69 nm in size containing several NaYF4 nanocrystals with the diameter of about 10–15 nm. Raman and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS‐NMR) spectroscopy were used to examine the structural changes attributed to the addition of Al2O3. The 19F MAS‐NMR analysis indicated that fluorine atoms are present in different chemical environments (Na–F, Na–Si–F, Na–Al–F, and NaYF4). The increasing amount of Al2O3 reduces the crystallization of NaYF4 phase due to the increased fraction of fluorine bound in Na–Al–F environments. The visible luminescence investigation of the glasses and GCs demonstrated that the intensity of Er3+ ions emission transitions in the GCs was higher than that of the parent glass. This difference was attributed to the presence of Er3+ ions bound in NaYF4 crystalline phase. Further evidence that the Er3+ ions were present in NaYF4 phase was provided by the fact that the excited level Er3+:4S3/2 lifetime was increased in GCs as compared to parent glass.
HLA‐G 3′UTR haplotype analyses in HCV infection and HCV‐derived cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and fibrosis
Authors: Oliveira Correa Julio Daimar , Zambra Francis Maria Báo , Michita Rafael Tomoya , Álvares‐da‐Silva Mário Reis , Simon Daniel , Chies José Artur Bogo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is also an important cause of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV has the capacity to evade immune surveillance by altering the host immune response. Moreover, variations in immune‐related genes can lead to differential susceptibility to HCV infection as well as interfere on the susceptibility to the development of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC. The human leucocyte antigen G (HLA‐G) gene codes for an immunomodulatory protein known to be expressed in the maternal–foetal interface and in immune‐privileged tissues. The HLA‐G 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) is important for mRNA stability, and variants in this region are known to impact gene expression. Studies, mainly focusing in a 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism, have correlated HLA‐G 3′UTR with susceptibility to viral infections, but other polymorphic variants in the HLA‐G 3′UTR might also affect HCV infection as they are inherited as haplotypes. The present study evaluated HLA‐G 3′UTR polymorphisms and performed linkage disequilibrium test and haplotype assembly in 286 HCV infected patients who have developed fibrosis, cirrhosis or HCC, as well as in 129 healthy control subjects. Haplotypes UTR‐1, UTR‐2 and UTR‐3 were the most observed in HCV+ patients, in the frequencies of 0.276, 0.255 and 0.121, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between HCV+ and control subjects, even when patients were grouped according to outcome (HCC, cirrhosis or fibrosis). Despite that, some trends in the results were observed, and therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that variants associated to high HLA‐G expression can be involved in HCV infection susceptibility.
Facilitators and barriers to pressure injury prevention, management and education: Perspectives from healthcare professionals—A qualitative study
Authors: Cesca Nicole , Szczepanski Ann , Malik Walee , Cheema Manpreet , Allen Brady , Dutta Tilak , Cameron Jill I. , Gabison Sharon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to (1) characterize healthcare professionals' (HCPs') experiences related to the prevention and management of pressure injuries (PIs) and (2) explore the educational needs of individuals with a past or current history of PIs and their caregivers from the perspective of HCPs. This is a qualitative descriptive study. HCPs (n = 18) were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using NVivo. Three overarching themes encompassing various dimensions were identified: (1) Facilitators related to PI prevention and management, (2) Challenges related to PI prevention and management and (3) Recommendations for improving patient and caregiver PI education. HCPs identified a greater number of challenges than facilitators related to PI care. This study emphasizes the importance of a patient‐centred and interprofessional approach to patient education for PI prevention and management. Meaningful interventions focused on the patient may improve health literacy and empower patients and caregivers in PI care. Investing in preventive measures and raising awareness are crucial to reducing PI incidence. The findings have implications for HCPs and researchers seeking to enhance patient care and promote effective PI prevention strategies.
Expedited spark plasma sintering of high‐density uranium mononitride pellet utilizing U2N3 powder
Authors: Ahn Jungsu , Kim Geon , Nam Changhyeon , Ha Woong , Ahn Sangjoon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe feasibility of a non‐stoichiometric synthesis strategy for uranium mononitride (UN) pellet fabrication is experimentally verified with spark plasma sintering of U2N3 powder in this study. The method removes the denitride process (reduction of U2N3 to UN powder) from the conventional UN pellet fabrication, and it still successfully provided near‐perfect UN stoichiometry and high density (94 %TD). During the spark plasma sintering of U2N3 powder, vacuum pressure increase and powder height, decrease were concurrently measured above ∼1173 K, which indicates the nitrogen gas emission and higher density UN powder formation from the in‐situ decomposition of lower‐density U2N3 powder. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the sintered pellets obtained directly from U2N3 powder showed an excellent match with the existing XRD reference data of UN. The measured density of U2N3‐sintered UN pellets was higher (85 %TD) than that of UN‐sintered UN pellets (79 %TD) at relatively low sintering temperature (1773 K). With a higher sintering temperature of 2073 K, high pellet densities (94 %TD) were obtained from both U2N3 and UN powders.
Hierarchical porous MgAl2O4 ceramic in situ structured by hollow particles: Low‐shrinkage and high‐strength
Authors: Xia Zun , Rong Yedong , Li Hao , Dong Ye , Yu Hongbo , Xu Jie , Wang Xiuhui , Yang Jinlong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorous MgAl2O4 ceramics exhibit a wide range of applications in various fields, but their significant shrinkage and low strength at high porosity levels serve as impediments to their continued advancement. This study presents the first instance of synthesizing hollow MgAl2O4 particles in situ within porous ceramics through the utilization of the Kirkendall effect and solid‐state reaction. The formation of a hollow structure results in volume expansion, which effectively mitigates sintering shrinkage while simultaneously generating a hierarchical pore structure within the material. This approach led to a significant improvement in compressive strength. Upon reaching a sintering temperature of 1600°C, the obtained sample has a porosity of 92.86%, a compressive strength of 4.17 MPa, and a shrinkage rate of only 5.21%. The findings suggest that the employed technique is an effective approach for fabricating porous ceramics with superior performance.
The experiences and challenges of nurses who become patients in a hospital setting: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Hunt Lynne , Buckley Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThis scoping review aimed to identify and describe evidence regarding the experiences of nurses when they become patients or when nurses care for other health professional‐patients in a hospital setting.DesignA scoping review of internationally published peer‐reviewed literature.Data SourcesA systematic search of peer‐reviewed evidence was conducted in electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ProQuest and PsycINFO.MethodsCritical appraisal, data extraction and summary were performed independently by two reviewers according to the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Twenty‐three publications from 1999 to 2021 were included in this scoping review.ResultsThis scoping review highlighted seven key themes as follows: (1) the challenges for nurse‐patients and caregivers; (2) role ambiguity when a nurse becomes a patient; (3) the need for personalized care to consider the nurse's professional experience; (4) the requirement to not make assumptions about the registered nurse's knowledge; (5) loss of control and vulnerabilities of being a patient; (6) the impact of the valuable small things that carers did and (7) the impact of being a nurse‐patient on their future practice.ConclusionWhile some aspects of nurse‐patients’ experiences are common to non‐healthcare professional‐patients, this review highlights there are unique challenges when nurses become patients themselves. Future research should focus on exploring nurses' experience of caring for other healthcare professional‐patients and strive to better understand how to meet nurses' unique needs when they become patients themselves.ImpactThis review advances knowledge on an under‐explored topic, highlighting the unique and challenging experience when nurses become patients in a hospital setting. Nurses should be aware of the unique needs of nurse‐patients to provide person‐centred quality care.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no direct patient or public contribution to this scoping review, although one of the authors did have experience as a nurse‐patient in the last 3 years.
Alteration of diet microbiota limits the experimentally evolved immune priming response in flour beetles, but not pathogen resistance
Authors: Prakash Arun , Agashe Deepa , Khan Imroze 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Host-associated microbiota play a fundamental role in the training and induction of different forms of immunity, including inducible as well as constitutive components. However, direct experiments analysing the relative importance of microbiota on diverse forms of evolved immune functions are missing. We addressed this gap by using experimentally evolved lines of Tribolium castaneum that either produced inducible immune memory-like responses (immune priming) or constitutively expressed basal resistance (without priming), as divergent counterstrategies against Bacillus thuringiensis infection. We altered the microbial communities present in the diet (i.e. wheat flour) of these evolved lines using UV irradiation and estimated the impact on the beetle's ability to mount a priming response versus basal resistance. Populations that had evolved immune priming lost the ability to mount a priming response upon alteration of diet microbiota. Microbiota manipulation also caused a drastic reduction in their reproductive output and post-infection longevity. In contrast, in pathogen-resistant beetles, microbiota manipulation did not affect post-infection survival or reproduction. The divergent evolution of immune responses across beetle lines was thus associated with divergent reliance on the microbiome. Whether the latter is a direct outcome of differential pathogen exposure during selection or reflects evolved immune functions remains unclear. We hope that our results will motivate further experiments to understand the mechanistic basis of these complex evolutionary associations between microbiota, host immune strategies and fitness outcomes.
Abstract
Diet microbiota manipulations affect evolved priming, but not evolved resistance.
Augmenting physicians with artificial intelligence to transform healthcare: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Dugas Michelle , Gao Guodong (Gordon) 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe reflect on the progress and prospects of artificial intelligence (AI)‐powered transformation in healthcare from the perspective of front‐line clinical professionals responsible for care delivery. While there is considerable optimism about the potential of AI, critical gaps in understanding remain that represent fruitful opportunities for economics and management scholars. We outline the ways in which the strengths of AI can compensate for key limitations of physicians. We then focus on productive use of AI by physicians, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of human‐AI teaming. We argue that productive teaming requires research on two critical issues: trust in AI and the redesign of clinical workflow to optimally accommodate artificial and human intelligence synergistically.
Monopoly pricing with dual‐capacity constraints
Authors: Somogyi Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the price‐setting behavior of a monopoly facing two capacity constraints: one on the number of its consumers, and the other on the amount of products it can sell. The characterization of the firm's optimal pricing and optimal customer mix as a function of its two capacities reveals a rich structure. In contrast to the results under one‐dimensional capacity constraints with constant marginal cost of production, a firm may optimally respond to an exogenous reduction in one of its capacities by decreasing one of its prices. Moreover, neglecting the existence of the second capacity constraint can reverse some policy interventions' effects on consumer welfare. In particular, easing a regulatory restriction on one of the constraints may harm the average consumer.