bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity to Ascaris Antigens
Authors: Strejan Gill , Campbell Dan H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Rats were immunized with crude Ascaris extracts together with Bordetella pertussis organisms and the homocytotropic antibody titers were estimated by homologous PCA. Rats injected with 1 mg of crude extract produced homocytotropic antibodies giving and average PCA titer of 1:80. A second injection of 100 µg of the extract given 6 days later, without B. pertussis vaccine, caused a considerable increase in the PCA titer. The crude extract was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and the fractions were tested in P-K type reactions. The homocytotropic antibodies produced in rats immunized with the crude extract demonstrated a tendency to react with the fractions displaying a negative charge at pH 8.
The capacity of rats to produce Hc antibodies to part of the antigenic components present in the crude extract but not against others was demonstrated when rats were immunized separately with isolated fractions.
Toxicity of Combined Histamine and Serotonin in Normal, Pertussis-Sensitized, and β Adrenergically Blocked Mice
Authors: Fishel Charles W. , Keller Kenneth F. , O'Bryan Brenda S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The CFW strain of mice was shown to be susceptible to the synergistic effects of histamine and serotonin in that a combination of very low doses of these amines was lethal for these animals. The administration of propranolol which blocks the β adrenergic receptors or pretreatment with B. pertussis vaccine rendered the mice only slightly more sensitive to the mixture although their sensitivity to histamine was markedly influenced. Exogenous epinephrine protected normal but not pertussis-sensitized or β blocked mice from the synergistic effect of combined amines. The data suggested that a failure of low amounts of these amines to elicit the normal counterregulatory response (release of catecholamines) may be a major factor in the toxicity of histamine and serotonin combinations.
Studies on Synthetic Polypeptide Antigens
Authors: Simonian S. J. , Gill T. J. , Gershoff S. N. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Immunization of random bred Charles River CD strain (CR) rats with poly Glu52Lys33Tyr15 (no. 3) in Freund's complete adjuvant resulted in a highly variable antibody response which was most likely due to random genetic fluctuations in the population. Immunization of six inbred (BN, BUF, F344, WF, LEW and ACI) and one systematically random bred (WIST) strain of rats with a variety of synthetic polypeptide antigens resulted in a reproducible antibody response in all strains, but with marked interstrain differences. Studies with (ACI × F344) F1 hybrid rats showed that the ability to make antibody was transmitted as a complex genetic control mechanism which probably involved several genes.
The presence of tyrosine in the antigen was not necessary in order to elicit an antibody response, and its effect on the magnitude of the antibody response was variable and strain-dependent. All strains responded to a D-amino acid polypeptide and showed interstrain differences. Aggregation of an L-polypeptide with methylated bovine serum albumin elicited an increased antibody response in those strains which produced a low titer to the polypeptide alone and reduced interstrain differences in the response. A D-polypeptide aggregate elicited more antibody in all strains except WIST and abolished the interstrain differences in the antibody response.
The antibody response to a spatially ordered, dinitrophenylene (DPE) cross-linked polypeptide was higher, showed increased interstrain differences and showed a different specificity than the antibody response to the parent, linear polypeptide or the (Lys-DPE) and DNP conjugates, which are partial structural analogues of the DPE cross-link. Thus, the DPE cross-linked polypeptide had unique antigenic sites which depended upon the spatial organization of the molecule. In contrast, the presence of amide cross-links in the molecule introduced a relatively small change in immunogenicity and antigenic specificity.
The studies reported here provide evidence that the effects of the various structural aspects of an antigen on immunogenicity and antigenic specificity are under genetic control. The ability to respond to a particular facet of antigenic structure probably involves several genes.
Suckling Mouse Cataract Agent (SMCA) in Mice
Authors: Clark H Fred , Karzon David T. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
SMCA virus induces cataracts in a high percentage of infected suckling mice. Maximal SMCA-induced cataract rates were obtained only when virus doses of 104.0 ELD50 or greater were inoculated intracerebrally into suckling mice 4 days of age or younger. Virus inoculated by the intravenous or intraperitoneal routes did not produce cataracts. The SMCA-induced cataract rate was mouse strain-dependent. Cataract rates, based on eye examination at age 30 days, varied from 85% in strain C57B1/6Ha mice to 3% in strain A mice. After 30 days, rates decreased in most mouse strains, but in strain A mice the cataract rate gradually increased to a rate of 44% at 1 year (late cataract strain).
Comparative virus assays were performed of the brains, liver-spleen tissues and eyes of SMCA-inoculated strain CFW(A) (30-day cataract rate 46%) and strain A (30-day cataract rate 3%) mice. In each mouse strain virus reached peak titers in all tissues studied in 7 to 15 days. Virus titers then slowly decreased, disappearing from liver-spleen tissues and most eyes by 60 days, but persisting indefinitely (up to 827 days) in the brain. Eye infection rates were similar (88% in A mice, 91% in CFW(A) mice) in both strains of mice. However, in the late cataract strain A mice, virus clearing from eyes and viscera occurred earlier, and peak titers of virus in eyes were lower than in CFW(A) mice.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Klemperer M. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antigenicity of human C′2, purified by the method of Lepow, was enhanced by treatment with neuraminidase. A precipitating rabbit antibody to human C′2 was obtained. The serums of four homozygous C′2-deficient individuals from two kindreds failed to form bands of precipitation with this antibody. The serums of 15 heterozygous C′2-deficient from these kindreds contained 30 to 60% of normal C′2 as determined by a quantitative immunodiffusion assay. The normal serum level of C′2 was estimated to be 1.0 ± 0.2 mg%. The sera of heterozygous C′2-deficient individuals from both kindreds gave lines of complete fusion with the serum from a normal individual and with each other, an indication that their protein was not deficient in antigenic determinants. Upon immunoelectrophoretic analysis, the precipitation band formed with C′2 in normal serum had the mobility of a β1 globulin. Serums obtained from indivduals with attacks of hereditary angioneurotic edema form the C′2 precipitation band in a more cathodal position than normal when subjected to immunoelectrophoresis.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Shin H. S. , Pickering R. J. , Mayer M. M. , Cook C. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C′5 was isolated by isoelectric precipitation, Pevikon electrophoresis and chromatography on DEAE cellulose and hydroxyapatite. The sedimentation coefficient was 7.9 S for purified C′5 and for C′5 in serum. Molecular weight of 200,000 was estimated on Sephadex G 200. On reaction with EAC′4,2a,3, some C′5 was fixed (ca. 1/10), and the remainder was inactivated. In accord with this, at low ionic strength, 10 molecules were required for lysing one erythrocyte. At high ionic strength, the reaction rate was lower. The efficiency of site formation was also lower, due to dissociation of cell-bound C′5. The dissociated C′5 either recombines with EAC′4,2a,3 or becomes inactivated, the former (site-to-site transfer of activated C′5) being favored at high SAC′4,2a,3 concentration. There are two mechanisms of C′5 dissociation. One, spontaneous dissociation, is favored at high ionic strength and occurs even at 0°C. The other, a consequence of decay-release of C′2a, is favored by elevated temperature and occurs even at low ionic strength.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Opferkuch W. , Ringelmann R. , Klein P. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When guinea pig euglobulin is exposed at 37°C to a pH of 7.8 and an ionic strength of µ = 0.15, an anticomplementary factor is generated. This factor can be purified. The respective fraction rapidly inactivates purified guinea pig C′4 and hydrolyzes TAMe; it is not active against purified guinea pig C′2, neither alone nor in the presence of C′4. The characteristics of the C′4 inactivation reaction are the following: The reaction velocity decreases markedly and reaches a minimum after 15 min. The rate of C′4 inactivation is not markedly increased by higher temperatures. The C′4-inactivating capacity of the euglobulin fraction is consumed during its interaction with C′4. On the basis of these traits, a titration of the inactivator can be performed. The kinetics of the process of generation of the C′4 inactivator are studied. The data do not indicate that C′1 acts as a precursor for the C′4 inactivator.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Ruddy S. , Austen K. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C′3 Inactivator (C′3 INA) purified from human serum has been measured by its ability to destroy the activity of C′3 bound to the cellular intermediate EAC′143. Dilutions of C′3 INA are incubated at 30°C for 30 min with cells bearing limited numbers of C′3 sites. The residual cell-bound C′3 is then detected in a stoichiometric hemolytic assay: the cells are treated with excesses of functionally pure C′2,5,6 and 7 for 30 min at 30°C which converts the remaining active SAC′143 to the state SAC′1423567, and these are in turn converted to S* by treatment with excesses of C′8 and C′9 for 60 min at 37°C. The proportion of C′3 sites inactivated can be calculated and shown to be a function of C′3INA input. The activity of C′3 INA is not influenced by the presence of C′1 or C′2 on the cell in that it is equally effective against SAC′1423, SAC′143 or SAC′43.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Jensen J. A. , Sigel M. M. , Ross G. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sensitization of sheep E with nurse shark (N) serum resulted in the formation of EAN if the serum was heat-inactivated or reacted in 0.04 M EDTA at 30°C, of EANC′1N if the serum was freeze-inactivated or reacted in 0.04 M EDTA at 0°C. Guinea pig (g.p.) complement or sup. I readily lysed EANC′1N but not EAN due to a complete C′1 incompatibility, which could also be demonstrated in vivo: in the absence of C′1N, the then non-complement-fixing antibody was not only tolerated by guinea pigs, but it protected them against lethal Forssman shock. Shark C′1 lysed EARa and its intermediate complexes with g.p.-C′ only to the extent of its contamination with antibody; a noteworthy exception was the complex EARaC′1–C′8 g.p. A large variety of Forssman positive and negative erythrocytes were agglutinated and sensitized by the shark's natural antibodies. Young animals had much less antibody but a fully reactive complement system. A powerful, nontoxic inactivator of mammalian C′4 could be isolated and separated from antibody, C′1, and most other serum proteins by gel filtration of low ionic strength precipitates from normal shark serum.
Unequal Association of Mouse Allotypes with Antibodies of Different Specificities
Authors: Weiler Eberhardt , Weiler Ivan Jeanne 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The experiments were concerned with whether in F1 heterozygous mice the two parental allotypes are expressed in constant proportions among antibody-producing cells or whether their proportions vary from mouse to mouse.
Poly-L-alanine and poly-d-alanine were used as non-crossreacting haptenes. Antibody production by individual spleen cells was recorded in a plaque assay procedure for which the poly-alanine haptenes were linked to rabbit antibodies (IgG) against sheep red blood cells, which in turn were attached to sheep red blood cells. The allotypes of antibodies produced by the individual spleen cells were determined by the facilitation reaction employing reciprocal allotype antisera prepared in the parental mouse strains.
A wide fluctuation was found from mouse to mouse in the proportions of cells producing antibodies of the two parental allotypes, especially when the “weaker” haptene, poly-L-alanine, was used as the antigenic determinant. The distribution of the allotype ratios as recorded for poly-L-alanine was heterogeneous in the group of mice studied. In mice injected with both poly-D- and poly-L-alanine, the allotype ratios recorded with poly-L-alanine were not correlated with the allotype ratios recorded with poly-D-alanine.
The results are interpreted to mean that the cellular determination to produce antibodies of a given specificity, and the decision about which of two allelic chromosome regions will be active, are associated and are transmitted together in cell lines or clones.
Communications
Authors: Torisu Motomichi , Sonozaki Hidekichi , Ito Koji , Shiraishi Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is not yet clear whether or not skin-sensitizing antibody requires the complement system when it fixes to the cutaneous site in the Prausnitz-Küstner (PK) reaction. Attempts to analyze in vivo the role of complement in various immunologic phenomena have been carried out employing specific inhibitors of complement components (1). The effect of C′3 inactivator and Cu-chlorophyllin (CuC) on the PK reaction was examined. The results are described in this report.
C′3 inactivator is the substance which inactivates the C′3 site of EAC′1423 both in immune adherence and in immune hemolysis (2). It was purified from human serum using column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose, followed by Sepadex G 200 and Sephadex G 200 super-fine gel filtration (3). The titer of C′3 inactivator was measured by a method previously described (4). Sodium copper chlorophyllin was shown to be a potent inhibitor in both immune hemolysis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) (1, 5).
Comparative Sensitivities of the Hemolytic Plaque-in-Agar and Microchamber Assays for Detection of Rabbit Immune Cells
Authors: Merchant Bruce , Petersen Bruce 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The microchamber and the plaque-in-agar localized hemolysis techniques were used simultaneously to assay rabbit immune spleen cell suspensions for high hemolytic efficiency plaque-forming cell activity. Direct plaque-forming cell activities both for erythrocyte and for para-azo-benzenearsonic acid determinants were closely comparable by both methods, but plaque size frequency distribution data revealed the microchamber procedure to be potentially the more sensitive. Plaque size distribution data also indicated that for those cells recovered in suspensions the assay conditions permitted detection of the complete population of high hemolytic efficiency plaque-forming cells by either the microchamber or the plaque-in-agar techniques. Accordingly, for relevant plaque-forming cells recovered in suspension, relative assay efficiency closely approached absolute assay efficiency.
The Effect of Passive Antibody on Protein Synthesis in Lymph Node Cells of Immunized Rats
Authors: Greenberg Leonard J. , Uhr Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The incorporation of leucine into popliteal lymph node cells was studied in immunized rats some of which received passive antibody 2 days after antigen. In rats receiving antigen alone, there was a phase of increased incorporation into the cytoplasm beginning on day 4, which corresponded to the phase of rapid antibody synthesis. The administration of passive antibody prevented this phase but transiently stimulated increased incorporation of leucine, which reached a peak on day 4. It was suggested that this transient phase represents stimulation of lymphocytes by antigen-antibody complexes.
Production and Properties of Mouse Antihapten Antibodies
Authors: Mattioli Carlos A. , Yagi Yasuo , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Mice of inbred strains, despite their genetic homogeneity, produced antibodies with several types of molecular heterogeneity. A simple hapten, the p-azobenzoate group, elicited antibodies of the three γG classes. Furthermore, individual mice of the same strain produced anti-p-azobenzoate antibodies of widely different affinity.
The antibodies directed against p-azobenzoate groups of a conjugate had a faster electrophoretic mobility than did the antibodies directed against the carrier protein of the same conjugate. This striking characteristic was found in all the strains tested and it was independent of the immunoglobulin class or carrier used.
For the production of antibodies against the p-azobenzoate hapten, hemocyanin seems to be a better carrier protein than bovine serum albumin. Peritoneal fluid was used as the source of antibodies and myeloma globulins. Abundant amounts of peritoneal fluid could be almost always induced by the intraperitoneal inoculation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, whereas the inoculation of Freund's adjuvant failed to produce ascites in some strains. Antibodies were recovered from ascitic fluid using insoluble specific immunoadsorbents.
Localization of 125I-Labeled Antigen in Germinal Centers of Mouse Spleen: Histologic and Ultrastructural Autoradiographic Studies of the Secondary Immune Reaction
Authors: Hanna M. G. , Szakal A. K. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Histologic and ultrastructural studies were carried out on the process of the localization of antigen in splenic germinal centers during the secondary immune reaction in mice. The magnitude and regularity of the developed plasma membrane infoldings of antigen-retaining reticular cells in germinal centers are described. The key finding was that these specifically developed plasma membrane infoldings are degraded during the early intervals of the secondary response. This response occurred in conjunction with a loss of label and an apparent loss of function of the existing antigen-trapping mechanism in splenic germinal centers. We suggest that the described cytotoxic sequelae could be a result of complement fixation and that such a regulatory mechanism would be essential to prevent further contact of immunologically competent cells with antigen, while clearing the centers for their development against other antigens. A conformity of vesicles was observed in the cytoplasm of the parenchymal cells of the germinal centers and in the plasma membrane infoldings of the antigen-retaining reticular cells.
Effects of Radiation on Direct and Developed Spleen Hemolysin Plaque-Forming Cells of Mice
Authors: Uyeki Edwin M. , Klassen Robert S. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The effects of 500 r whole body γ radiation on direct and developed hemolysin plaque-forming cells in spleen tissue and on serum hemolysin levels of LAF1 mice were investigated. The major findings were: Fourteen-day assay involving a single antigen injection: When radiation was administered 2 days before or 3 days after antigen, spleen hemolysin plaque-forming cell production was markedly lowered when compared with spleen hemolysin plaque-forming cells of non-radiated animals. With this injection scheme, the principal cell type was the developed hemolysin plaque-forming cell. Spleen cellularity of radiated animals was significantly below that of non-radiated control animals.Fourteen-day assay involving two antigen injections: A second antigen injection 6 days after radiation stimulated antibody-forming cell production so that the total spleen hemolysin plaque-forming cells of the once-radiated animals were comparable to non-radiated control animals. Radiation, administered after the second antigen, markedly inhibited hemolysin plaque-forming cell production as well as spleen cellularity.Twenty-eight-day observation period involving multiple antigen injections: The effects of a single dose of 500 r administered to LAF1 mice 3 days after an initial antigen injection and given a total of two, three and four antigen injections at weekly intervals and analyzed at 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively, showed no difference from non-radiated animals in their ability to respond to antigenic stimulation. In these animals, spleen cellularity was consistently lower than in non-radiated animals.
Effects of Chronic Bronchopulmonary Disease and Aging on Human Nasal Secretion IgA Concentrations
Authors: Alford Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Normal subjects and hospitalized chronically ill patients who did or did not have bronchopulmonary disease were compared according to nasal wash protein and immunoglobulin concentrations. Persons with chronic bronchopulmonary disease were not different from other chronically ill patients in these respects. However, both groups of patients differed statistically from normal subjects in nasal wash IgA concentrations. This difference was accounted for on the basis of decreasing nasal secretion IgA concentration with advancing age. This decrease was considered to represent one of several alterations in immunologic competence associated with aging.
Immunoglobulin Production in Bronchial Mucosa and Bronchial Lymph Nodes, Particularly in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
Authors: Martinez-Tello Francisco J. , Braun Dietmar G. , Blanc William A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The three main serum immunoglobulins were demonstrated immunohistologically in plasmacytes of the human bronchial mucosa. The majority of the Ig-producing cells produce IgA and only a minority of cells produce IgM. There was no immunoglobulin production in three newborn infants and one agammaglobulinemic child.
The number of plasma cells containing immunoglobulins increases significantly in the bronchial mucosa in chronic bronchopulmonary disease. Those containing IgA are the most abundant followed by those containing IgG. Cells containing IgM are not increased in number.
Parallel immunohistochemical studies of bronchial lymph nodes have shown an increased number of Ig-containing cells in chronic inflammation. In contrast to bronchial mucosa, IgG-containing cells are by far the most abundant.
Immunodiffusion studies suggested the presence of 11 S IgA in bronchial washings. Using immunofluorescent staining the “secretory piece” was found in the bronchial epithelium and bronchial glands as well as in bronchial secretions. The secretory piece was demonstrated immuno-histologically in the bronchial epithelium, glands and secretions of newborn infants and of an agammaglobulinemic patient.
In the particular case of CFP, immunologic and immunohistochemical studies suggest that there is no defect of the production and secretion of IgA in the bronchial mucosa. On the contrary, there is high IgA production. The role of IgA in the local defense mechanism in chronic bronchopulmonary processes is discussed.