bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling anisotropy and brittle-to-ductile transitions by varying extrusion width in short fibre reinforced additive manufacturing
Authors: Yan Jiongyi , Demirci Emrah , Gleadall Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Extrusion width, the width of printed filaments, affects multiple critical aspects in mechanical properties in material extrusion additive manufacturing: filament geometry, interlayer load-bearing bonded area and fibre orientation for fibre-reinforced composites. However, this study aims to understand the effects of extrusion width on 3D printed composites, which has never been studied systematically.

Design/methodology/approach
Four polymers with and without short-fibre reinforcement were 3D printed into single-filament-wide specimens. Tensile properties, mechanical anisotropy and fracture mechanisms were evaluated along the direction of extruded filaments (F) and normal to the interlayer bond (Z). Extrusion width, nozzle temperature and layer height were studied separately via single-variable control. The extrusion width was controlled by adjusting polymer flow in the manufacturing procedure (gcode), where optimisation can be achieved with software/structure design as opposed to hardware.

Findings
Increasing extrusion width caused a transition from brittle to ductile fracture, and greatly reduced directional anisotropy for strength and ductility. For all short fibre composites, increasing width led to an increase in strain-at-break and decreased strength and stiffness in the F direction. In the Z direction, increasing width led to increased strength and strain-at-break, and stiffness decreased for less ductile materials but increased for more ductile materials.

Originality/value
The transformable fracture reveals the important role of extrusion width in processing-structure-property correlation. This study reveals a new direction for future research and industrial practice in controlling anisotropy in additive manufacturing. Increasing extrusion width may be the simplest way to reduce anisotropy while improving printing time and quality in additive manufacturing.
An assessment of crime prevention through environmental design in student housing: a weight-of-evidence approach
Authors: Attakora-Amaniampong Elvis 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
There is a robust study on crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in student housing nowadays, but has a limited utilization of weight-of-evidence (W-o-E) approach. This study aims to assess the extent of CPTED in student housing facilities of universities in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the on-campus student housing facilities of both private and public universities, the study adopted W-o-E approach that integrates two postoccupancy evaluations from end-users and student housing managers. In addition, observation by professionals as the lines of evidence (LoE) was also adopted. Weighted median was used to normalise the LoE into a W-o-E as the CPTED value in the student housing facilities.

Findings
The study uncovered low CPTED in the student housing facilities. Maintenance was identified as the leading CPTED principle present in the student housing facilities.

Practical implications
The study has given the extent of CPTED in students’ housing, an important insight for university students’ housing management. This can serve as a policy alert for the university students’ housing management to adopt building designs that enhance CPTED and the safety of the youth.

Originality/value
This study is different from other CPTED and students’ housing studies commonly situated in the Euro-America context. The study exceptionally applied the use of W-o-E in students’ housing in assessing the extent of CPTED in student housing within the context of sub-Saharan African universities.
An evaluation of a violence reduction partnership network: mixed methods network analysis
Authors: Wilkinson Dean , Thompson Alison , Kerslake Debbie , Chopra Isha , Badger Sophie 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to report on the evaluation of the network and resources for violence prevention and reduction in the chosen area of focus. This area had experiences deprivation, significant implications due to Covid-19 restrictions and a lack of outdoor recreation space.

Design/methodology/approach
Network analysis methodologies are increasingly being used in criminological research and evaluations to assess the structures of social and economic networks. This study explored, using a mixed-methods network analysis methodology, the nature of the established violence reduction network in a specific geographical location in West Midlands.

Findings
A breadth of network activity is taking place across the community; however, the network analysis highlighted gaps in terms of specialist provision for early years and support from those with lived experience. It was perceived that a lack of continuity, in terms of changes in key roles, has affected the network. Funding mechanisms were perceived ineffective, and not encouraging of development of localisation services. Relationships between network members were predominantly positive with organisations having good communication and accessing support from one another; however, identifying shared goals and better collective working would benefit the network.

Originality/value
This study pioneers using an innovative, mixed methods network analysis to explore a public health approach to violence prevention and reduction. Quantitative data collection and analysis allowed for assessment of the networks capacity and density, whereas qualitative data provided insights and detailed accounts of how the network functions.
A systematic review of Industry 5.0 from main aspects to the execution status
Authors: Kumar Upinder , Kaswan Mahender Singh , Kumar Rakesh , Chaudhary Rekha , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo , Rathi Rajeev , Joshi Rohit 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe main aim of this study is to review different aspects of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) along with Kaizen measures to foster this novel aspect of industrial sustainability. The study makes a comprehensive study to explore the implementation status of I5.0 in industries, key technologies, adoption level in different nations and barriers to I5.0 adoption together with mitigation actions.Design/methodology/approachTo do a systematic study of the literature, the authors have used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology to extract articles related to the field of the study.FindingsIt has been found that academic literature on the I5.0 is continuously growing as the wheel of time is running. Most of the studies on I5.0 are conceptual-based, and manufacturing and medical industries are the flag bearer in the adoption of this novel aspect. Further, due to I5.0's infancy, many organizations face difficulty to adopt the same due to financial burden, resistive nature, a well-designed standard for cyber-physical systems (CPS) and an effective mechanism for human–robot collaboration. Further studies also provide avenues for future research in terms of the identification of collaborative mechanisms between machines and wells, the establishment of different standards for comparison and the development of I5.0-enabled models for different industrial domains.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind that reviews different facets of I5.0in conjunction with Kaizen's measures and application areas and provides avenues for future research to improve an organization's environmental and social sustainability.
Exploring the partial degradation of polysaccharides: Structure, mechanism, bioactivities, and perspectives
Authors: Chen Shi‐Kang , Wang Xin , Guo Yu‐Qing , Song Xiao‐Xiao , Yin Jun‐Yi , Nie Shao‐Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolysaccharides are promising biomolecules with lowtoxicity and diverse bioactivities in food processing and clinical drug development. However, an essential prerequisite for their applications is the fine structure characterization. Due to the complexity of polysaccharide structure, partial degradation is a powerful tool for fine structure analysis, which can effectively provide valid information on the structure of backbone and branching glycosidic fragments of complex polysaccharides. This review aims to conclude current methods of partial degradation employed for polysaccharide structural characterization, discuss the molecular mechanisms, and describe the molecular structure and solution properties of degraded polysaccharides. In addition, the effects of polysaccharide degradation on the conformational relationships between the molecular structure and bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and current challenges for the partial degradation of polysaccharides. This review will be of great value for the scientific elucidation of polysaccharide fine structures and potential applications.
In vitro antioxidative activity of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don straw ethanolic extract and its effect on lipid, protein oxidation, and quality of Chinese‐style sausage
Authors: Yang Yixi , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Bowen , Bao Ying , Xu Shaotang , Tang Xue , Zhao Qi , Li Jian , Li Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, which can be used for medicine and food, contains a variety of chemicals including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoid, and others that have beneficial biological properties like antihypertension, bacteriostasis, and anti‐inflammatory. The ethanolic extract of Fritillaria straw was obtained for this study using ultrasonic‐aided extraction, and the amounts of total phenols and total flavonoids were 26.56 ± 1.36 mg GAE/g dw and 18.75 ± 0.80 mg RE/g dw, respectively. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry technology was utilized to identify 50 major chemicals in the Fritillaria straw extract (FSE). Meanwhile, the antioxidative activities of FSE were evaluated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assays in vitro, which pointed out the antioxidative potential of FSE. Additionally, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% of FSE and 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) + butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (1:1) were separately added to Chinese‐style sausage to study their effects on the lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and quality of the sausage at different storage times. The study found that the effect of adding 1% FSE on carbonyl content, total volatile basic nitrogen, and TVC of sausage could achieve the effect of the 0.02% BHA + BHT (1:1) group on the 35th day, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value and peroxide value of sausage were significantly lower than the control group. Therefore, as one of the candidates to replace synthetic antioxidants, the FSE can be used in the production of Chinese sausages, which has a positive effect on improving the product's quality and extending the shelf life.Practical ApplicationThe antioxidative activities of 50 main compounds were identified after the ethanolic extraction of Fritillaria straw. This Fritillaria straw extract was added to Chinese sausage, effectively inhibiting the oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the decomposition of proteins. Obviously, the Fritillaria straw extract, one of the choices to replace synthetic antioxidants, may be useful for future meat processing, because of its positive impact on the product's quality and shelf life.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the relationship between youth drinking, self‐posting of alcohol use and other social media engagement (2012–21)
Authors: Cheng Brandon , Lim Carmen C. W. , Rutherford Brienna N. , Huang Sandy , Ashley Daniel P. , Johnson Ben , Chung Jack , Chan Gary C. K. , Coates Jason M. , Gullo Matthew J. , Connor Jason P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimSocial networking sites (SNS) are interactive internet‐based social platforms that facilitate information sharing. A growing body of literature on exposure to, and self‐posting of, alcohol‐related content on SNS has examined the relationship between SNS use and alcohol consumption in young people. This study aims to synthesise the literature exploring the relationship between exposure (i.e. viewing or listening of alcohol‐related media) and self‐posting (i.e. uploading images or text of alcohol content) of alcohol‐related media on SNS on alcohol consumption.MethodsA pre‐registered systematic review was conducted in June 2022 within PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Original prospective and cross‐sectional studies assessing youth and young adults (≤ 24 years of age) that measured exposure to alcohol‐related media or posting of alcohol‐related content on SNS and self‐reported alcohol consumption outcomes were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted on comparable methodologies.ResultsThirty studies were included (n = 19,386). Meta‐analyses of cross‐sectional studies showed both greater exposure (five studies; pooled β = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 0.44, i2 = 27.7%) and self‐posting of alcohol‐related content (six studies; pooled β = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.25,0.88, i2 = 97.8%) was associated with greater alcohol consumption. Meta‐analyses of three prospective studies also identified that greater exposure predicted greater future alcohol consumption (three studies; pooled β = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.11,0.15, i2 = 0.0%). Narrative analyses of studies that could not be meta‐analysed due to incompatible methodologies were also conducted. Most studies (all four prospective, one of two cross‐sectional) identified positive associations between exposure to alcohol‐related content and greater average consumption. Most studies (three of four prospective, four of six cross‐sectional) reported a positive association between of alcohol‐related self‐posting and greater average alcohol consumption.ConclusionsBoth exposure to, and self‐posting of, alcohol‐related content on social networking sites are positively associated with current average consumption, problem drinking, and drinking frequency.
Previous psychiatric hospitalizations as risk factors for single and multiple future alcohol‐related hospitalizations in patients with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Manca Francesco , Lewsey Jim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsPeople with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often have co‐occurring psychiatric conditions. The association between psychiatric conditions and AUD relapse has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to quantify different psychiatric comorbidities as risk factors for first and multiple AUD rehospitalizations in patients already hospitalized once for AUD.MethodsWe used a nation‐wide routine health‐care database in Scotland, UK, between 2010 and 2019. Individuals with a first hospitalization for AUD (codes F10.0‐9 in the ICD‐10 codes) were checked for previous hospitalizations where the main or co‐occurring cause was a psychiatric condition (any other F0‐F99 code in ICD‐10). The final cohort included 23 529 patients, 18 620 of whom did not have a history of any other psychiatric comorbidity. First, individuals with a history of any previous psychiatric hospitalization were grouped and compared with those without on the basis of time to AUD rehospitalization. Then, individuals with different histories of psychiatric hospitalization were compared with each other. Cox and Prentice, Williams and Peterson gap‐time models were used for single and multiple AUD rehospitalizations, respectively.ResultsThe AUD rehospitalization rate in individuals with a previous psychiatric hospitalization was 8% higher compared with those without [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.14]. The difference in rehospitalization rate reduced following the first rehospitalization (HR at second rehospitalization from first: 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–1.04 and HR at third rehospitalization from second: 0.94, 95% CI = 0.84–1.07). Mood disorders and neurotic, stress‐related and somatoform disorders were associated with a 54% (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.38–1.72) and 39% (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.17–1.66) increase in the risk of a first AUD rehospitalization. Other conditions, such as disorders due to psychoactive substance use or schizophrenia, were associated with decreases in future AUD rehospitalization (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82–0.97 and HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58–1.16, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with AUD appear to have different rates of AUD rehospitalization based on different co‐occurring psychiatric conditions. Addiction‐related characteristics may be more relevant risk indicators for multiple AUD readmission than psychiatric comorbidities.
Quality of life amongst patients with diverting umbilical stomas in rectal surgery: a single centre prospective randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Steen Christopher J. , Wei Matthew Y. K. , Vadakkenchery Varghese Edison , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad , Sansom Wendy , Balakrishnan Vikram , An Vinna , Chandra Raaj 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe umbilical stoma (umbistoma) has been proposed as a viable alternative site for a temporary defunctioning stoma. Suggested advantages of the umbistoma include decreased number of surgical incisions required, improved cosmesis and ease of reversal surgery. This study aimed to assess the patient experience of umbilical loop ileostomies in rectal surgery, with the primary outcome being patient reported quality of life (QoL).MethodsA total of 20 patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery were randomly allocated to have a defunctioning ileostomy at a conventional site (right iliac fossa) or at the umbilicus. Patient‐reported QoL was assessed at 6 weeks using the Stoma‐QoL questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were number of stomas reversed, length of time awaiting stoma reversal surgery, duration of operative time for stoma reversal, length of hospital stay following stoma reversal and rate of parastomal or post reversal incisional hernias.ResultsPatients who had an umbilical stoma scored significantly lower on the Stoma‐QoL questionnaire compared to the conventional group, particularly on questions regarding feelings of tiredness, body insecurity and anxiety. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in relation to secondary outcomes.ConclusionThere may be potential disadvantages to the umbilical stoma with negative impacts on body image and subsequent increased social anxiety. Patient selection and adequate counselling will be important when considering an umbilical stoma. Further larger scale prospective studies are required to further validate the feasibility and longer‐term safety of umbilical stomas in both clinical outcomes as well as patient QoL.
Quality of life in patients with CRB1‐associated retinal dystrophies: A longitudinal study
Authors: Karuntu Jessica S. , Nguyen Xuan‐Thanh‐An , Talib Mays , van Schooneveld Mary J. , Wijnholds Jan , van Genderen Maria M. , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Meester‐Smoor Magda A. , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Hoyng Carel B. , Thiadens Alberta A. H. J. , Bergen Arthur A. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , Boon Camiel J. F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the longitudinal vision‐related quality of life among patients with CRB1‐associated inherited retinal dystrophies.MethodsIn this longitudinal questionnaire study, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (39 items, NEI VFQ‐39) was applied at baseline, two‐year follow‐up, and 4‐year follow‐up in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] Classical test theory was performed to obtain subdomain scores and in particular ‘near activities’ and ‘total composite’ scores. The Rasch analysis based on previous calibrations of the NEI VFQ‐25 was applied to create visual functioning and socio‐emotional subscales.ResultsIn total, 22 patients with a CRB1‐associated retinal dystrophy were included, […] with a median age of 25.0 years (interquartile range: 13–31 years) at baseline and mean follow‐up of 4.0 ± 0.3 years. [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated in this version.] A significant decline at 4 years was observed for ‘near activities’ (51.0 ± 23.8 vs 35.4 ± 14.7, p = 0.004) and ‘total composite’ (63.0 ± 13.1 vs 52.0 ± 12.1, p = 0.001) subdomain scores. For the Rasch‐scaled scores, the ‘visual functioning’ scale significantly decreased after 2 years (−0.89 logits; p = 0.012), but not at 4‐year follow‐up (+0.01 logits; p = 0.975). [Correction added on 20 November 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “…after 4 years…” has been corrected to “…after 2 years…” in this version.] The ‘socio‐emotional’ scale also showed a significant decline after 2 years (−0.78 logits, p = 0.033) and 4 years (−0.83 logits, p = 0.021).ConclusionIn the absence of an intervention, a decline in vision‐related quality of life is present in patients with pathogenic CRB1 variants at 4‐year follow‐up. Patient‐reported outcome measures should be included in future clinical trials, as they can be a potential indicator of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
One anastomosis gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy as a revisional bariatric surgery for weight loss failure after primary restrictive procedure
Authors: Mouawad Christian , Dahboul Houssam , Chamaa Bilal , Osseis Michael , Noun Roger , Chakhtoura Ghassan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionWeight loss failure after restrictive bariatric procedures initiated the debate about the choice of an adequate revisional intervention, a question still unanswered. While many surgeons went for a conversion to gastric bypass, others opted for re‐trying a revisional restrictive procedure to avoid the side effects of gastric bypass. The objective of our study was to compare weight loss outcome between revisional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (re‐LSG) and revisional one anastomosis gastric bypass (re‐OAGB) for insufficient weight loss or weight regain following primary restrictive bariatric surgery.Materials and MethodsWe included 20 obese patients, with a history of weight regain or insufficient weight loss after primary restrictive surgery, who underwent re‐LSG (eight patients) or re‐OAGB (12 patients) between January 2018 and January 2021. Patients were followed up 2 years after their revisional intervention. Statistics were performed using IBM® SPSS® software for Windows version 21.ResultsIn the re‐LSG group, the average body mass index (BMI) before primary restrictive procedure was 43.7 kg/m2. The average period between the primary and revisional surgery was 12.6 years. Patients had a nadir BMI of 33.2 kg/m2 during that period and reached a mean BMI of 40.6 kg/m2 before re‐LSG. Two years after re‐LSG, the average BMI was 31.5 kg/m2 with a percent of excess weight loss (%EWL) of 54% and percent of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) of 66.6%. In the re‐OAGB group, the average BMI before primary restrictive procedure was 39 kg/m2. The average period between the primary and revisional surgery was 10.7 years. Patients had a nadir BMI of 30.5 kg/m2 during that period and reached a mean BMI of 36.5 kg/m2 before re‐OAGB. Two years after re‐OAGB, the average BMI was 27 kg/m2 with a %EWL of 86.7% and %EBMIL of 92.6%.ConclusionFor patients with insufficient weight loss or weight regain following primary restrictive bariatric surgery, re‐OAGB has a better effectiveness in weight reduction compared with re‐LSG after a 2‐year follow up.