bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Investigation Between Raw and Stir-Frying Processed Cuscutae Semen Based on HPLC Fingerprints Coupled With Chemometric Methods
Authors: Changli Xu , Yun Shi , Hua Xu , Guangrui Zhao , Shurui Niu , Jingchun Yao , Xun Gao , Weidong Li , Kunming Qin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The curative effect of Cuscutae Semen (CS) could be adjusted after stir-frying, and it is difficult to distinguish between the raw CS and stir-fried processed Cuscutae Semen (SFCS) in clinical practice.

Objective
The paper aims to establish the fingerprints of raw and fried Cuscutae Semen products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) so that the compounds in raw and stir-fried products could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. At the same time, the chemometrics method was used to evaluate the difference between CS and SFCS to provide reference for the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) CS.

Method
The raw and SFCS products’ related substances were separated on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) maintained at 30 °C (column temperature). The mobile phase comprised 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B), and a detection wavelength of 328 nm. The data were imported into statistical software for chemometric analysis.

Results
The developed HPLC method exhibits good linearity and has good systematic applicability. The content of these 12 compounds in the samples was further determined and the data analyzed by chemometrics. The results showed that the composition of CS changed on heating, and HCA showed that CS and SFCS could be clearly distinguished. PCA showed that six components caused differences, namely neochlorogenic acid, cryptophyllogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol.

Conclusions
This study unequivocally establishes a chromatographic fingerprint method intended for the extensive analysis of raw and stir-fried processed CS, which could substantially enhance the quality control of CS and the rational development and utilization of TCM resources.

Highlights
This method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple compounds in CS and SFCS revealed the components responsible for the differences between raw and processed products. This will provide support for quality control of this herbal medicine.
Development of a Simple Extraction Procedure and an HPLC Method for the Determination of Delmopinol in a Challenging Rubbery Dental Chew
Authors: Zhang Jinyou , Rustum Abu M , Adhikari Sarju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Delmopinol hydrochloride (delmopinol) is widely used in oral hygiene products such as dental chews for preventing dental plaque buildup and gingivitis.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a simple and inexpensive extraction method, followed by a stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of delmopinol from rubbery dental chews.

Methods
The extraction method was optimized in terms of pH, temperature, solvents, repeatability, and reproducibility. Delmopinol was extracted from the rubbery dental chews using 6 N NaOH–MeOH (1 + 1, v/v) at 65°C. The delmopinol peak was eluted in about 7 min by gradient elution on a pH-stable (alkaline) Phenomenex Gemini-NX-C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm id, 110 Å, 3 µm particle size) maintained at 50°C. Mobile phase A was composed of aqueous 10 mM ammonium hydroxide and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. The analyte was monitored by UV detection at 220 nm with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min.

Results
The method was successfully validated as per the current International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for delmopinol with respect to specificity, linearity (R2 &gt;0.999), accuracy, precision, LOQ (2 µg/mL), LOD (0.6 µg/mL), and robustness. The reliability of the method was also demonstrated by batch analysis of 132 dental chews.

Conclusion
A simple extraction method and RP-HPLC method were successfully developed and validated for the determination of delmopinol from rubbery dental chews.

Highlights
The overall method was demonstrated to be accurate, robust, specific, and stability-indicating. Therefore, the developed method is suitable and highly desirable for routine analysis of delmopinol in its finished drug products.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiple LC–MS/MS Methods and a Commercial ELISA Method for Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Oysters and Mussels
Authors: Turner Andrew D , Dean Karl J , Dhanji-Rapkova Monika , Dall’Ara Sonia , Pino Florella , McVey Claire , Haughey Simon , Logan Natasha , Elliott Christopher , Gago-Martinez Ana , Leao Jose Manuel , Giraldez Jorge , Gibbs Ryan , Thomas Krista , Perez-Calderon Ruth , Faulkner Dermot , McEneny Hugh , Savar Veronique , Reveillon Damien , Hess Philipp , Arevalo Fabiola , Lamas J Pablo , Cagide Eva , Alvarez Mercedes , Antelo Alvaro , Klijnstra Mirjam D , Oplatowska-Stachowiak Michalina , Kleintjens Tim , Sajic Nermin , Boundy Michael J , Maskrey Benjamin H , Harwood D Tim , González Jartín Jesús M , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiven the recent detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current capabilities for accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation using chemical and immunoassay methods.ObjectiveThe aim was to conduct an interlaboratory study with multiple laboratories, using results to assess method performance and acceptability of different TTX testing methods.MethodsHomogenous and stable mussel and oyster materials were assessed by participants using a range of published and in-house detection methods to determine mean TTX concentrations. Data were used to calculate recoveries, repeatability, and reproducibility, together with participant acceptability z-scores.ResultsMethod performance characteristics were good, showing excellent sensitivity, recovery, and repeatability. Acceptable reproducibility was evidenced by HorRat values for all LC–MS/MS and ELISA methods being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. Method differences between the LC–MS/MS participants did not result in statistically different results. Method performance characteristics compared well with previously published single-laboratory validated methods and no statistical difference was found in results returned by ELISA in comparison with LC–MS/MS.ConclusionThe results from this study demonstrate that current LC–MS/MS methods and ELISA are on the whole capable of sensitive, accurate, and reproducible TTX quantitation in shellfish. Further work is recommended to expand the number of laboratories testing ELISA and to standardize an LC–MS/MS protocol to further improve interlaboratory precision.HighlightsMultiple mass spectrometric methods and a commercial ELISA have been successfully assessed through an interlaboratory study, demonstrating excellent performance.
Roughage level and supplemental fat for newly received finishing calves: effects on growth performance, health, and physiological responses
Authors: Gouvêa Vinícius N , Oliveira Mario O , Giacomelli Hiam Jardel M , Colombo Eduardo A , Batistel Fernanda , Santos Flávio A P , Duff Glenn C , Marques Rodrigo S , Cooke Reinaldo F 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis experiment evaluated the effects of roughage levels and supplemental fat on intake, growth performance, health, and physiological responses of newly received finishing cattle during 58-d receiving period. A total of 72 crossbred steers (initial body weight [BW] = 200 ± 13 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of two roughage levels (wheat hay at 30% [R30] or 60% [R60]; dry matter [DM] basis) and two levels of supplemental fat (yellow grease at 0% [−FAT; no additional fat] or 3.5% [+FAT]; DM basis). Upon arrival, calves were individually weighed, blocked by off-truck shrunk BW, and assigned to 24 soil-surfaced pens (three calves per pen). Shrunk BW was also collected on day 58 for the calculation of average daily gain (ADG). Throughout the study, calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Effects of roughage level × supplemental fat interaction were only observed for diet particle size distribution and estimated physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) of diets (P ≤ 0.10). Adding fat to R60 diets tended to increase the percentage of particles retained in the 8-mm screen (P = 0.06) and the estimated peNDF (P = 0.10), but did not affect R30 diets. Dietary roughage level did not affect DM intake (DMI; P = 0.85). Calves-fed R30 tended to have greater ADG and final BW than calves-fed R60 (P ≤ 0.08). Gain efficiency (gain:feed ratio; G:F) was greater for calves-fed R30 than calves-fed R60 (P = 0.01). Dietary roughage level did not affect morbidity and mortality (P ≥ 0.11). Supplemental fat did not affect DMI (P = 0.6) but tended (P = 0.09) to increase ADG compared to –FAT diets. The G:F was greater for calves-fed +FAT than –FAT (P = 0.03). The +FAT diet tended (P = 0.10) to increase the number of retreatments against BRD compared to −FAT, although the total number of antimicrobial treatments required to treat sick calves (P = 0.78) and the mortality rate (P = 0.99) were not affected by supplemental fat. Feeding +FAT diet tended (P ≤ 0.09) to increase plasma concentration of cortisol and immunoglobulin-G compared to –FAT. In summary, feeding 30% roughage diets or adding 3.5% yellow grease (DM basis) as supplemental fat increased G:F during the feedlot receiving period.
Impact of age at first calving on performance traits in Irish beef herds
Authors: Twomey Alan J , Cromie Andrew R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reducing age at first calving (AFC) has been a challenge in beef herds. There is anecdotal evidence that herd owners choose to calve heifers older because of the perceived consequences of calving heifers at 24 mo of age compared to 36 mo on performance traits in beef herds. The objective of this study was to estimate the association of calving heifers at younger ages on subsequent performance traits, calving interval, longevity, cow weight, dystocia, and progeny weaning weight for parities 1 to 5. Available to the study after data edits were 219,818 calving interval records, 219,818 longevity records, 118,504 cow live-weight records, 230,998 dystocia records, and 230,998 weaning weight records. Linear mixed models were used to quantify performance of each trait in AFC groups for each parity. As parity increased, there was a favorable reduction in calving interval and dystocia (P &lt; 0.001), while the likelihood of cows surviving reduced (P &lt; 0.001). Both cow live weight and progeny weaning weight increased as parity increased. Age at first calving only had a significant association with dystocia within parity 1 (P &lt; 0.001), where older heifers at first calving subsequently had lower risk of calving. Calving interval for parity 1 cows was observed to be longer by 6 d in cows that calved for the first time at 33 to 36 mo compared to cows calved for the first time at 22 to 24 mo (P &lt; 0.001). No statistical difference was observed for longevity between cows with an AFC of 22 to 24 mo compared to cows with an AFC of 33 to 36 mo (P &gt; 0.05). Cows that calved at a younger age did wean lighter calves for their first three lactations (P &lt; 0.01) but had no association with weaning weight for parity 4 and 5 cows (P &gt; 0.05). Cows with a lower AFC were lighter for parity 1 to 4 (P &lt; 0.001); at parity 5, AFC had no association with cow live weight (P &gt; 0.05). The performance of mature cows for calving interval, longevity, calving difficulty, cow live weight, and weaning weight was not impacted by AFC. In conclusion, calving cows for the first time at younger ages do pose risks and associated performance loss but this risk and loss should be minimized by good management.
Dietary embelin supplementation during mid-to-late gestation improves performance and maternal–fetal glucose metabolism of pigs
Authors: Wang Tongxin , Yao Weilei , Liu Xiaomeng , Bao Zhengxi , Lv Chenrui , Huang Feiruo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary embelin supplementation during late gestation (from days 60 to 110) on performance and maternal–fetal glucose metabolism of pigs. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; parity = 1.68 ± 0.03; N = 20) were randomly divided into three gestation (day 60 of pregnancy) treatments, Control pigs (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the other animals were fed a basal diet supplemented with 200 or 600 mg/kg embelin per kg of feed. The body weight, backfat thickness and litter size of the sows, and birth weight and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows’ blood and piglets’ umbilical cord blood were collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and anti-oxidative and immune indexes, and maternal–fetal glucose metabolism parameters, respectively. The colostrum and milk and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of milk composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Dietary embelin had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly increased the birth weight of piglets (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the mortality (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts (day 90), neutrophil count and mean cell hemoglobin (day 110), total anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) content of the sows were increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in the embelin groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Embelin significantly increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in plasma of piglets as well as those in colostrum and milk of sows than the CON treatment (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, dry matter, ash, and ether extract in the colostrum were similar between groups (P &gt; 0.05), whereas the embelin significantly increased the crude protein in the milk. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). The embelin treatment significantly increased the glucose levels and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) activity in sows plasma, and decreased the lactate levels in both sows and fetuses plasma (P &lt; 0.05). Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with embelin in mid-to-late gestation showed improved maternal health and anti-oxidative status, milk protein content, and maternal–fetal glucose metabolism, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows.
Amino acid digestibility and protein quality of mealworm-based ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay
Authors: Smola Meredith A , Oba Patricia M , Utterback Pamela L , Sánchez-Sánchez Lorena , Parsons Carl M , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMealworms may serve as an alternative protein source for pet foods because of their high protein content and low environmental footprint. The amino acid (AA) content and protein quality of mealworm-based ingredients may vary depending on their composition and processing, however, so testing is required. Our objective was to measure the AA composition, AA digestibility, and protein quality of mealworm-based ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. The University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all animal procedures prior to experimentation. Sixteen cecectomized roosters (4 roosters per substrate) were randomly allotted to one of four test substrates: 1) whole lesser mealworm (A. diaperinus) meal (ADw); 2) defatted lesser mealworm (A. diaperinus) meal (ADd); 3) defatted yellow mealworm (T. molitor) meal (TMd); and 4) hydrolyzed T. molitor protein meal (TMh). Ingredients were provided by Ÿnsect, France. After 26 h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed test substrates. Following crop intubation, excreta samples were collected for 48 h. Endogenous loss corrections for AA were made by using five additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4. All substrates had high AA digestibilities, with all indispensable AA digestibilities being &gt;90% with the exception of histidine (87.9% to 91.1%) and valine (77.9% to 79.7%). Amino acid digestibilities were not different among substrates (P &gt; 0.05). Digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS)-like values were calculated to determine protein quality according to Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) nutrient profiles, The European Pet Food Industry Nutritional Guidelines (FEDIAF) nutritional guidelines, National Research Council (NRC) recommended allowances for adult dogs, adult cats, growing puppies, and growing kittens, and NRC minimal requirements for growing puppies and growing kittens. In general, TMh had the highest and TMd had the lowest DIAAS-like values for most indispensable AA. Methionine (TMh; TMd; ADw) and phenylalanine (ADd) were the first-limiting AA. Our results demonstrate that mealworm-based ingredients are high-quality protein sources. Further research in dogs and cats is necessary to confirm sufficient palatability and digestibility, but these data suggest that they are valuable sources of protein for pet foods.
Pulverization Is a Crucial Step—A Comparative Study of Different Pretreatments in Hair Drug Testing
Authors: Hu Jing , Chen Hang , Liu Wei , Ji Jiaojiao , Liu Mengxi , Li Bo , Di Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn forensic toxicology, hair has become a hot biological material for drug testing due to its wider detection window and noninvasive sampling process compared to traditional liquid biological materials (e.g., blood and urine). However, hair as a matrix differs from body fluids, as it is not as easily aliquoted for analysis. Nevertheless, pretreatment methods for hair detection have gradually improved from the first chemical methods, such as alkali digestion and acid hydrolysis, to now include the physical method of pulverization and further improvements beyond “pulverization” protocols. In a previous study, we updated and developed a “micropulverized extraction” method. In the present study, our aim was to gain a more complete understanding of the “micropulverized extraction” method by comparing pulverization temperature and hair particle size, as these two factors are known to influence the effectiveness of sample processing. The analytes we selected were those commonly encountered in traditional drug abuse cases: (±)-methamphetamine, (±)-amphetamine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, (--)-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, ketamine, (±)-norketamine and (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The analysis method was liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
From Bumps to Binges: Overview of Deaths Associated with Cocaine in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2000–2019)
Authors: Rooney Brian , Sobiecka Pola , Rock Kirsten , Copeland Caroline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe UK, as the “cocaine capital of Europe,” currently accounts for ∼75% of all cocaine-related hospital admissions in Europe. This study aims to analyze the trends in cocaine-related deaths in England, Wales and Northern Ireland over 20 years (2000–2019). Cases reported to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) occurring between 2000 and 2019 where cocaine was detected at post-mortem (PM) were extracted for analysis. A total of 5,339 cases were retrieved, with an increase in the rate of reporting over time. Cocaine was deemed a cause of death and quantified in PM blood samples along with its major metabolite benzoylecgonine in 685 cases. Of these 685 cases, 25% (n = 170/685) occurred following acute use, 22% (n = 154/685) following chronic/binge use, 40% (n = 271/685) in combination with morphine, 4% (n = 29/685) in drug packer/swallower circumstances and 9% (n = 61/685) in a suicide context. Cardiac complications were evident in 22% of cases (n = 154/685). The average concentration of cocaine detected in cardiac cases (900 ng/mL) was considerably lower than that detected in cases where acute (19,100 ng/mL) or chronic/binge (6,200 ng/mL) dosing was evident. This is the first cocaine-related mortality study in these geographical areas. Deaths following cocaine use continue to rise despite its Class A drug listing in the UK. While underlying and external risk factors including polydrug use, cardiac complications and mental health can all contribute to the incidence of fatal drug toxicity following cocaine use, this study demonstrates that the risk of a cocaine overdose cannot be attributed to a specific blood concentration range.
Structural insight into the recognition of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex by Shigella E3 ligase IpaH1.4/2.5
Authors: Hiragi Keito , Nishide Akira , Takagi Kenji , Iwai Kazuhiro , Kim Minsoo , Mizushima Tsunehiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria deliver virulence factors called effectors into host cells in order to facilitate infection. The Shigella effector proteins IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5 are members of the ‘novel E3 ligase’ (NEL)-type bacterial E3 ligase family. These proteins ubiquitinate the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) to inhibit nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and, concomitantly, the inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction and recognition between IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5 and LUBAC are unclear. Here we present the crystal structures of the substrate-recognition domains of IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5 at resolutions of 1.4 and 3.4 Å, respectively. The LUBAC-binding site on IpaH1.4 was predicted based on structural comparisons with the structures of other NEL-type E3s. Structural and biochemical data were collected and analysed to determine the specific residues of IpaH1.4 that are involved in interactions with LUBAC and influence NF-κB signaling. The new structural insight presented here demonstrates how bacterial pathogens target innate immune signaling pathways.
Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans function as extra/pericellular ligands for cell surface receptors
Authors: Mikami Tadahisa , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains, a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides, are ubiquitously distributed in extra/pericellular matrices that establish microenvironmental niches to support a multitude of cellular events. Such wide-ranging functions of CS chains are attributable not only to their sulfation pattern-dependent structural divergence, but also to their multiple modes of action. Although it has long been accepted that CS chains act as passive structural scaffolds that often behave as co-receptors and/or reservoirs for various humoral factors, the discovery of cell surface receptor molecules for distinct CS chains has offered insights into a novel mode of CS function as dynamic extra/pericellular signaling ligands. A recent report by Gong et al. (Identification of PTPRσ-interacting proteins by proximity-labeling assay. J. Biochem. 2021; 169:187–194) also strongly reinforced the physiological importance of CS receptor-mediated signaling pathways. In this commentary, we briefly introduce the functional aspects of CS chains as extra/pericellular signaling molecules.