bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EspN transcription factor is an infection-dependent regulator of the ESX-1 system inM. marinum
Authors: Nicholson Kathleen R. , Cronin Rachel M. , Menon Aruna R. , Jennisch Madeleine K. , Tobin David M. , Champion Patricia A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBacterial pathogens use protein secretion systems to translocate virulence factors into the host and to control bacterial gene expression. The ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system 1) secretion system facilitates disruption of the macrophage phagosome during infection, enabling access to the cytoplasm, and regulates widespread gene expression in the mycobacterial cell. The transcription factors contributing to the ESX-1 transcriptional network during mycobacterial infection are not known. We showed that the EspM and WhiB6 transcription factors regulate the ESX-1 transcriptional networkin vitrobut are dispensable for macrophage infection byMycobacterium marinum. In this study, we used our understanding of the ESX-1 system to identify EspN, a critical transcription factor that controls expression of the ESX-1 genes during infection, but whose effect is not detectable under standard laboratory growth conditions. Under laboratory conditions, EspN activity is masked by the EspM repressor. In the absence of EspM, we found that EspN is required for ESX-1 function because it activates expression of thewhiB6transcription factor gene, and specific ESX-1 substrate and secretory component genes. Unlike the other transcription factors that regulate ESX-1, EspN is required forM. marinumgrowth within and cytolysis of macrophages, and for disease burden in a zebrafish larval model of infection. These findings demonstrate that EspN is an infection-dependent regulator of the ESX-1 transcriptional network, which is essential for mycobacterial pathogenesis. Moreover, our findings suggest that ESX-1 expression is controlled by a genetic switch that responds to host specific signals.ImportancePathogenic mycobacteria cause acute and long-term diseases, including human tuberculosis. The ESX-1 system transports proteins that control the host response to infection and promotes bacterial survival. Although ESX-1 transports proteins, it also controls gene expression in the bacteria. In this study, we identify an undescribed transcription factor that controls the expression of ESX-1 genes, and is required for both macrophage and animal infection. However, this transcription factor is not the primary regulator of ESX-1 genes under standard laboratory conditions. These findings identify a critical transcription factor that controls expression of a major virulence pathway during infection, but whose effect is not detectable with standard laboratory strains and growth conditions.
Inhibiting Bet1-mediated transport of MMP14 to plasma membrane impaired GBM cell invasion
Authors: Luo Yani , Li Jiana , Xiong Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of brain cancer in adults. GBM is characterised by poor survival as the lack of effective therapies. This research aims to detect the roles of SNAREs in GBM and improve our knowledge of targeting therapy for GBM.Materials and methodsthe expression of SNAREs and their correlation with overall survival (OS) in GBM are investigated using the GEPIA. The level of BET1 in GBM cell lines was tested by RT-qPCR, and its biological functions in GBM cells were tested by Transwell assay and CCK8 kit. The effect of BET1 on the location of MMP14 is identified by Immunofluorescence.ResultsThe expression profile of SNARE family members in GBM tissue is changed dramatically. Among them, the mRNA levels of BET1 and VAMP3 are up-regulated, and their expression negatively correlates with OS. BET1 is also increased in GBM Cell Lines, and it is required for efficient GBM cell migration and invasion partly because it mediates the transport of MMP14 to the plasma membrane.ConclusionGBM has highly diffusive and infiltrative ability in nature, making complete surgical resection almost impossible. Our data shows that BET1 is highly expressed in GBM tissue, negatively correlated with OS, and essential for GBM cell migration and invasion. These results indicate that SNARE BET1 may present a potential target for GBM treatment.
Blood-brain barrier water exchange measurements using contrast-enhanced ASL
Authors: Powell Elizabeth , Dickie Ben R. , Ohene Yolanda , Parker Geoff J. M. , Parkes Laura M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA technique for quantifying regional blood-brain barrier (BBB) water exchange rates using contrast-enhanced arterial spin labelling (CE-ASL) is presented and evaluated in simulations and in vivo. The two-compartment ASL model describes the water exchange rate from blood to tissue,kb, but to estimatekbin practice it is necessary to separate the intra- and extravascular signals. This is challenging in standard ASL data owing to the small difference inT1values. Here, a gadolinium-based contrast agent is used to increase thisT1difference and enable the signal components to be disentangled. The optimal post-contrast bloodT1at 3T was determined in a sensitivity analysis, and the accuracy and precision of the method quantified using Monte Carlo simulations. Proof-of-concept data were acquired in six healthy volunteers (five female, age range 24 – 46 years). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimalat 3T as 0.8 s. Simulations showedkbcould be estimated in individual cortical regions with a relative errorϵ< 1% and coefficient of variation CoV = 30 %; however, a high dependence on bloodT1was also observed. In volunteer data, mean parameter values in grey matter were: arterial transit timetA= 1.15±0.49 s, cerebral blood flowf= 58.0±14.3 ml blood / min / 100 ml tissue, water exchange ratekb= 2.32 ± 2.49 s−1. CE-ASL can provide regional BBB water exchange rate estimates; however, the clinical utility of the technique is dependent on the achievable accuracy of measuredT1values.
Somatic disinhibition of granule cells improves information transmission and pattern separation in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Estarellas Cristian , Álvarez-Salvado Efrén , Pérez-Cervera Laura , Mirasso Claudio R. , Canals Santiago 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCortical circuits operate in a tight excitation/inhibition balance. This balance is relaxed during learning processes, but neither the mechanism nor its impact on network operations are well understood. In the present study, we combinedin-vivoandin-vitroneuronal recordings with computational modelling and demonstrated that synaptic plasticity in the afferents from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to the dentate gyrus (DG), in addition to strengthening the glutamatergic inputs into granule cells (GCs), depressed perisomatic inhibition. Computational modelling revealed a functional reorganization in the inhibitory network that explained several experimental findings, including depression of the feed-forward inhibition.In vitroresults confirmed a perisomatic dominance of the inhibitory regulation with important functional consequences. It favoured GCs burst firing, improved reliability of input/output transformations and enhanced separation and transmission of temporal and spatial patterns in the EC-DG-CA3 network.
Ketosynthase engineering enhances activity and shifts specificity towards non-native extender units in type I linear polyketide synthase
Authors: Gerlinger Patrick D. , Angelidou Georgia , Paczia Nicole , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEngineering modular type I polyketide synthases (PKS) for the targeted incorporation of non-natural substrates to create variations in the polyketide backbone is a long-standing goal of PKS research. Thus far, most approaches focused on engineering the acyltransferase domain (AT) of PKS, whereas the effects of other ubiquitous domains such as the ketosynthase domain (KS) have received much less attention. In this work, we investigated the effects of thirteen active site substitutions in the module 3 KS (KS3) of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) on incorporation of non-natural extender unitsin vitro. Using a truncated and a complete DEBS assembly line, we show that substitutions of F263 in KS3 invert specificity up to 1,250-fold towards incorporation of non-natural extender units in the terminal position. In contrast, substitutions of I444 in KS3 show up to 8-fold increased production of 6-deoxyerythonolide B (6-dEB) analogues with non-natural extender units at internal positions. The latter notably without compromising overall productivity of the assembly line. Our study further elucidates the underlying mechanisms for these different behaviors, highlighting the potential of KS engineering for the production of designer polyketides in the future.
Oxidation behavior of the T91 ferritic/martensitic steel and 304 austenitic stainless steel in supercritical water
Authors: Wu Jing , An Xuguang , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to report the oxidation behaviors of the T91 ferritic/martensitic steel (T91 steel) and 304 austenitic stainless steel (304 steel) in supercritical water (SCW) at 600°C.

Design/methodology/approach
The microstructure, elemental distribution and phase structure of the oxidation layers derived from the corrosion of the T91 steel and 304 steel were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Oxford Instrument X-ray spectroscopy, electron scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

Findings
The oxidation layers on the T91 steel and 304 steel have duplex structure. The two steels all suffer internal oxidation, and the phase of the internal oxidation layers are indexed as Fe-Cr spinel, although their morphologies are different. The formation of a continuous Cr-rich layer is not detected because of the relatively low Cr content of the steels, which is attributed to the corrosion property.

Originality/value
The accelerated corrosion and corrosion mechanism of the T91 steel and 304 steel with low Cr occurring in SCW at 600°C was clarified.
Relationship between earnings management and corporate risk in Latin-American firms
Authors: Muñoz Mendoza Jorge Andrés , Veloso Ramos Carmen Lissette , Sepúlveda Yelpo Sandra María , Delgado Fuentealba Carlos Leandro , Cornejo-Saavedra Edinson Edgardo 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of accruals-based earnings management (AEM) and institutional and financial development on corporate risk of Latin-American firms.Design/methodology/approachThe GMM estimator was used according to Arellano and Bond (1991) for panel data on a sample of 914 non-financial companies between 2005 and 2017.FindingsAEM practices significantly increase corporate risk. This result indicates that the risk increase is associated to weakening of the corporate governance of companies. Positive discretionary accruals also have the same impact on corporate risk. In addition, accrual-based earnings management has a non-linear impact on corporate risk. Higher institutional and financial development systemically reduces the risk of Latin American firms. Institutional development can mitigate the effects of earnings management on corporate risk.Originality/valueThese results support that AEM represents a practice that managers use to weaken firms' corporate governance and expropriate wealth from shareholders. These practices promote higher firm's risk. However, the institutional and financial development reduces the corporate risk and contributes to mitigate the impact of AEM on it. These results have relevant implications for firms' corporate governance because they warn the relevance to control AEM practices and its impact over corporate risk perception by investors. These results also are relevant to policymakers because they orient the financial policies design to strengthen the institutional and financial development as a systematic way to reduce the firm's risk.
“She’s all about her words”: one teacher’s efforts to sustain her students’ cultures through discourse
Authors: Patterson Ashley N. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis study aims to illustrate how one-sixth grade language arts teacher transforms the theory of culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) into practice, an effort made visible through classroom discourse.Design/methodology/approachThis classroom discourse inquiry is guided by tools of reconstructive discourse analysis which encourage a complex consideration of communicative efforts with intent to deconstruct them in the process of uncovering how oppressive social power structures are maintained. Additionally, reconstructive discourse analysis drives attention to how the data analyzed can reveal both how discourse marks moments where justice is constructed as well as how unjust structures may be reshaped into those that are more equitable.FindingsIn a setting where rapport and trust have been established, intentional teacher-driven classroom discourse influenced the ability of student cultures, namely, their languages, to be sustained in the classroom on their own merits and not merely as a conduit for accessing dominant academic material.Practical implicationsThe information presented in this manuscript in the form of analysis of discursive classroom moments provide examples for equity-driven practitioners to engage in similar critically reflective activities with the potential to expose instances of CSPs or to assist in the identification of instances where the taking up of CSPs should sought.Originality/valueOne difficulty in transforming theoretical stances to practical actions stems from oversimplification of CSP and related asset-based pedagogical practices as “just good teaching.” By deconstructing classroom discourse, this study can subsequently reconstruct effective, generative, culturally sustaining approaches to community practice within a classroom learning space.
Backpacker conceptualisation criteria: discussion, clarification and operationalisation proposal
Authors: Martins Márcio Ribeiro , Costa Rui Augusto 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Backpackers can be found all over the world, especially in urban areas where the main enclaves are established. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operationalisation of the term “backpacker” and present a proposal to conceptualise backpackers and backpackers’ segments based on the operational criteria available in literature to avoid incongruities among researchers.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a literature review, this study provides a critical review of the backpacker conceptualisation and operationalisation using a methodology divided into three phases, a quantitative analysis based on the Scopus database and a bibliometric analysis coupled with a manual analysis of documents (content analysis).

Findings
Substantial heterogeneity and complexity regarding the conceptualisation of backpacker tourism and its diversified subsegments were evident. For this reason, this paper argues that backpacker tourism can and should continue to be analysed from different perspectives, suitably framed in the theoretical instrument constructed to identify and distinguish the different subsegments through its operationalisation features.

Originality/value
This study provides a practical contribution to all researchers interested in the topic of backpackers proposing the operationalisation of the term backpacker and it subsegments to avoid disparate results and deviations. This contribution will enable the correct and objective assessment of the operationalisation of this concept for researchers, managers and destination management organisations, identifying exactly what phenomenon is to be studied.
Stalking and the impact of labelling “There’s a difference between my offence and a stalker”
Authors: Wheatley Rachael , Underwood Alan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to consider stalking as an offending behaviour and the prevailing narratives associated with this offending behaviour given the increased attention of society and criminal justice. The stereotypes and labels associated with the offending behaviour often sensationalise aspects of those who engage in stalking. Frequently, individuals are portrayed as disturbed, psychopathic, mentally ill, violent and culturally deviant. Sometimes stalking behaviour is perversely downplayed as romantic perseverance. The impact of the stalker label extends outward from the act of marking legal and societal transgression, which impacts upon prospects for rehabilitation and desistance through the shaping of assumptions and maintenance of disempowering connotations.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers the impact of the stalking label as a therapeutic-, and perhaps rehabilitation-interfering problem for those who have stalked, drawing on recent research by Wheatley, Winder and Kuss (2020a).

Findings
It discusses the wide-ranging implications of labelling in this context and considers therapeutic approaches for intervention that may encourage rehabilitation engagement, mitigate shame and support desistance from a strengths-based perspective.

Originality/value
This paper draws on recent research exploring stalking case narratives of their own experiences of what drives stalking behaviour, existing labelling literature, and on specialist practitioners’ experiences of working with this group, to influence future thinking and research to address nuances highlighted.
Factors contributing suicide in India
Authors: Patel Avanish Bhai 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The death of a person caused by suicide is a matter of grave concern in contemporary society. Today, a number of people in society are taking their own lives because of many reasons. This study aims to examine the causes of suicide in Indian society using anomie theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The author has applied the content analysis method. The researcher has collated 210 occurrences of suicide from newspapers of Uttar Pradesh between 1 October 2020 and 30 April 2021. The author has recognised the type, patterns and causes of suicide in society by analysing and observing daily news items.

Findings
The result demonstrates that most suicides (16.67%) have been caused by frustration/mental illness, followed by several other causes of suicide such as family problems (13.81%), love affairs (10.00%), poverty (9.05%), harassment (8.57%) and sexual harassment (7.62%). The data shows a major gap in the number of suicide deaths between the genders.

Originality/value
This is an original work of researcher which is basically based on anomie theory.
Using nighttime light data to estimate water evaporation inside buildings in China's urban areas
Authors: Gao Han , Liu Jiahong , Mei Chao , Wang Hao , Shao Weiwei , Liu Chuang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrbanization has a great impact on urban evapotranspiration. Water evaporation inside buildings is an important part of urban water vapor resources and a crucial core of urban hydrological processes. The systematic studies on building water evaporation (BWE) are mostly the method of experimental monitoring. This study proposed a new method to simulate and estimate water evaporation flux inside buildings in urban areas. Based on the nighttime light data and urban per capita gross domestic product (GDP), a new modeling system was built to simulate the total BWE. Building area was calculated using the nighttime light data. And the BWE coefficient Df was estimated according to the important indicator of economic development per capita GDP value. Then the water evaporation inside urban buildings and the spatial distribution of water evaporation inside buildings in typical cities could be obtained. The results showed that the total amount of water evaporation inside buildings in China's urban areas was 24.5 billion m3. Among the 31 provincial capitals in China, Shanghai had the largest BWE of 1.08 billion m3. The minimum water evaporation of buildings in Lhasa was 20.0 million m3. Studies of BWE can assess urban water budgets, support on‐demand allocation of water resources, and provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between water resources and energy heat island effects in urban areas.
Identification of the haemoglobin level associated with a lower risk of complications after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Abad‐Motos Ane , Ripollés‐Melchor Javier , Jericó Carlos , Bisbe Elvira , Basora Misericordia , Colomina Maria J. , Becerra‐Bolaños Ángel , Bermúdez‐López María , Massa‐Gómez Cristina , Albaladejo‐Magdalena Javier , Solar‐Herrera Ana , Pérez‐Chrzanowska Hanna , Yárnoz Carlos , Fedriani‐de‐Matos Jacobo José , Blanco‐Del‐Val Beatriz , Fabián‐González David , Bellver Jorge , Redondo‐Enríquez Juan M. , Serrat‐Puyol Jordi , Abad‐Gurumeta Alfredo , Zorrilla‐Vaca Andrés , Aldecoa César , García‐Erce José Antonio ,   the POWER2 Study Investigators Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative anaemia is associated with poor outcomes in surgical patients, but the preoperative haemoglobin cut‐off that determines lower morbidity in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) is not well established.MethodsPlanned secondary analysis of data collected during a multicentre cohort study of patients undergoing THA and TKA in 131 Spanish hospitals during a single 2‐month recruitment period. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <12 g dl−1 for females and < 13 g dl−1 for males. The primary outcome was the number of patients with 30‐day in‐hospital postoperative complications according to European Perioperative Clinical Outcome definitions and specific surgical TKA and THA complications. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients with 30‐day moderate‐to‐severe complications, red blood cell transfusion, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to assess association between preoperative Hb concentrations and postoperative complications, and variables significantly associated with the outcome were included in the multivariate model. The study sample was divided into 11 groups based on preoperative Hb values in an effort to identify the threshold at which increased postoperative complications occurred.ResultsA total of 6099 patients were included in the analysis (3818 THA and 2281 TKA), of whom 8.8% were anaemic. Patients with preoperative anaemia were more likely to suffer overall complications (111/539, 20.6% vs. 563/5560, 10.1%, p < .001) and moderate‐to‐severe complications (67/539, 12.4% vs. 284/5560, 5.1%, p < .001). Multivariable analysis showed preoperative haemoglobin ≥14 g dl−1 was associated with fewer postoperative complications.ConclusionPreoperative haemoglobin ≥14 g dl−1 is associated with a lower risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary TKA and THA.