bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between sedentary time with cognitive activity and brain volume among vulnerable older adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kiuchi Yuto , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Harada Kenji , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Vulnerable older adults tend to decrease physical activity and increase sedentary time. Previous research on the associations between sedentary time and brain volume produced inconsistent findings, without considering the impact of cognitive activity on cognitive function. We aimed to examine the association between sedentary time with cognitive activity or non-cognitive activity, and brain volume.
Methods: A structural magnetic resonance imaging survey was conducted among community‐dwelling vulnerable older adults. Brain volumetric measurements were obtained using 3T magnetic resonance imaging and pre‐processed using FreeSurfer. Sedentary time with or without cognitive activity was assessed using a 12‐item questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by the frequency of light and moderate levels of physical exercise according to the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Participants were categorized into a low activity group and moderate‐to‐high activity group.
Results: Among 91 participants (83.1 ± 5.2 years old, 61.5% female), 26 were low active. The overall sample and moderate‐to‐high activity group did not show significant positive effects on brain volume for sedentary time with cognitive activity. In the low activity group, isotemporal substitution models showed that reallocation from sedentary time with non‐cognitive activity to cognitive activity was significantly associated with increased brain volumes in some areas, including the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate (β = 0.486–0.618, all P < 0.05, Adjusted R2 = 0.344–0.663).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reallocation from sedentary time with non‐cognitive activity to cognitive activity is protectively associated with brain volume in vulnerable older adults with low activity.
A clinical study of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality in gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Meduri Amritha Aurora , Aravelli Laxmi , Srilaxmi Kundena , Rallabhandi Swathi 
Published: February 2023

In India, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and continue to be responsible for the largest proportion of perinatal deaths resulting from prematurity and IUGR and are major contributors to perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
The aim: The present study is undertaken to analyse the cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including consequences concerning preterm delivery, IUGR, IUD and stillbirth and for the evaluation of a safe motherhood program at the population level.
Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 105 selected cases from the census (sample of 12,589 patients) of pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia).
Results: Hypertensive cases complicating pregnancy of the foetal deliveries conducted during the study period, out of which Gestational hypertension (GTN) cases reported were 44. Preeclampsia (PE) cases were 39, severe preeclampsia (SPE) were 1 and Eclampsia cases were 21. Labetalol alone was used in 62 cases, and 44 babies were born without any complications. As an anticonvulsant magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 7H2O) was used in all cases of imminent eclampsia and eclampsia (MgSO4 PRITCHARD Regime) in a total number of 38 cases. Preterm / prematurity was the most common cause of perinatal death. The total number of NICU admissions was 42 (40 %).
Conclusions: The early use of anti-hypertensive drugs, the optimum timing of delivery, strict fluid balance, and anticonvulsants in cases of eclampsia will help to achieve a successful outcome. Early transfer to a specialist centre is important, and the referral centres should be well-equipped to treat critically ill patients.
Dynamic changes in the histomorphological structure of the thyroid gland of rats against the background of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Kurylko Yuliia , Sirotenko Larysa 
Published: February 2023

In preclinical studies, which are conducted to study the therapeutic effectiveness and pharmacological safety of biologically active compounds for the correction of autoimmune thyroiditis, various experimental models of this pathology are used in the experiment.
In this work, we analyzed various models of thyroiditis that have been used for the past fifty years. Such an analysis made it possible to choose the most optimal model for the study of autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland as well as for the correction of this condition. The analysis of known and the search for new pathogenetically justified models of autoimmune diseases of endocrine organs is a very urgent task.
The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the histomorphological structure of the thyroid gland when modeling autoimmune thyroiditis in rats using an allogeneic antigen isolated from the human thyroid gland.
The postoperative thyroid gland of a person was used as an antigen. Morphological changes in the thyroid gland were studied one, three and six months after the end of the simulation.
It was found that the use of this type of immunization led to changes in the parenchyma of the gland, characteristic of autoimmune thyroiditis. Already one month after modeling, Gürtle cells, fibrosis, areas of lymphoid infiltration of the parenchyma were registered. These pathological changes persisted and worsened three and six months after the end of the simulation.
The investigated type of model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis is easily reproduced. Pathological changes in the gland deepen over time and are comparable to those that occur in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Thermo-physiological responses and oxidative status of West African dwarf rams fed diets containing supplemental Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal
Authors: Babatunde Jinadu , Omonuwa Oluwatosin , Ayokunle Fasae , Adesanya Abiona , Akeem Oderinwale , Adewale Adejola , Oyefunke Adekanbi 
Published: February 2023

Plant secondary metabolites in Tetrapleuratetraptera fruit meal (TTFM) could be exploited as natural safe feed additives alternative to non- nutritive chemical and antibiotics to enhance rumen fermentation and feed utilization efficiency with negative oxidative stress. The study investigated the responses of West African Dwarf (WAD) rams to the diets containing varying levels of supplemental Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the oxidative status and thermo-physiological parameters. Thirty five (35) WAD rams with an average live weight of 13.20±0.2 kg were used in a completely randomized design for 140 days. Five concentrate diets containing varying levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %) of TTFM were formulated while Panicum maximum was fed as a basal diet. The rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were measured at two week intervals while blood was collected through jugular veins at the onset and at the end of feeding trial to determine oxidative status parameters in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS).Data collected were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No significant difference observed (p>0.05) in the rectal temperature while the pulse rate and breathing rate increased significantly (p<0.05) till 12th week of the experiment. Increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were recorded on the rams at the end of the feeding trial. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of Tetrapleura tetraptera up to 2 % level reduced the oxidative stress in the experimental animals coupled with better thermo-physiological responses
Development of the recipe of pasta with pumpkin flour
Authors: Liubych Vitalii , Novikov Volodymyr , Pushka Olexandr , Pushka Iryna , Cherchel Vladyslav , Kyrpa Mykola , Kolibabchuk Tetyana , Kirian Viktor , Moskalets Valentyn , Moskalets Tetiana 
Published: February 2023

The object of research is the production technology of pasta with pumpkin flour. The problem of enriching pasta with pumpkin flour was solved.
In the studies, different replacement of semi-grain with pumpkin flour was studied according to the following scheme: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 15.0%. The formation of boiling coefficients, consumer smell and taste, the level of pumpkin smell and taste, and the sweet taste of pasta were studied. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the use of pumpkin flour had the greatest effect on the sensory indicators of the quality of pasta. The coefficient of boiling by mass and volume did not change reliably. It was established that the smell and taste of pumpkin in pasta was absent only when 2.5% of pumpkin flour was added. The use of 5.0–7.5% pumpkin flour did not change the sensory evaluation of pasta in comparison with the control variant. The sweet taste of pasta was absent when 2.5–5.0% pumpkin flour was added. It has been proven that pumpkin flour is characterized by specific sensory indicators. It is obvious that adding it to pasta will affect their organoleptic indicators. At the same time, the greater the amount of pumpkin flour in the pasta recipe, the higher the level of manifestation of the smell and taste of pumpkin. In pasta technology, it is optimal to add 5.0–7.5% pumpkin flour.
A distinctive feature of the obtained research results is that it is optimal to add 5.0–7.5% of pumpkin flour in pasta technology. With this amount of pumpkin flour, the smell and taste of pasta is 8.2–8.9 points, the boiling factor by mass is 2.20–2.21, and by volume – 1.71–1.81.
The developed recommendations can be used by enterprises with low productivity during the production of pasta products
Different Type of Record System for the Rancher and Veterinarian
Authors: Hamilton Eddie 
Published: February 2023

Historically, agriculture has assembled financial/accounting information for taxes, credit and management (profitability). The need for tax based information has always been the driver, and management information is quite often missing altogether. This can lead to poor decisions by management.
Managerial accounting gives management the tools needed to manage a business in today's complex world. It allows management to manage cost where and when it occurs, and to manage the segments of the business that are manageable.
The Balanced Score Card is a set of measures that provides a fast, comprehensive picture of how an organization is creating and sustaining value--in the eyes of its customers, stakeholders and employees.
Leptospirosis in Cattle
Authors: Hairgrove Thomas B. 
Published: February 2023

Leptospirosis is a disease first described in the literature nearly 70 years ago. In cattle the principal serovars of Leptospira interrograns are L. hardjo-bovis, L. pomona, L. canicola, L. icterhaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa and L. szwajjizak. L. hardjo-bovis is the serovar most frequently associated with reproductive wastage in the United States. Of the remaining serovars, L. pomona is the most significant. Many aspects of the disease remain poorly understood, e.g. variation in disease pattern and disease impact associated with different strains of the same host-maintained serovor in different management systems and different parts of the world.
This presentation focuses on L. hardjo-bovis. Cattle are the maintenance host and the only reservoir. In general, a disease associated with infection of the maintenance host is sub-clinical, produces low antibody titers and affects young or pregnant animals with a very rapid transmission rate from animal to animal. Maintenance host diseases can be very difficult to diagnosis. L. hardjo-bovis is currently diagnosed using a combination of serology and identification of leptospires in the urine. A prevalence study indicated there is a high prevalence of L. hardjo-bovis in the rolling plains of Texas.
Control of this disease consists of implementing biosecurity measures, use of antibiotics to clear carrier states and use of a vaccine effective for L. hardjo-bovis.
Country of Origin Labeling and National Animal Identification System
Authors: Wilson Gary 
Published: February 2023

Country Of Origin Labeling (COOL) is an industry driven marketing initiative to distinguish meat products produced from animals born, raised and processed in the US from products imported from foreign countries.
The National Animal Identification System is an industry/government driven animal health initiative to establish a standardized national animal identification system to enhance animal disease surveillance, monitoring, control and eradication in the United States.
They are two separate initiatives addressing two separate issues in the livestock industry. However, they do have two common components under discussion:• voluntary vs. mandatory• animal identification requirements
As the two proposals evolve, veterinarians and producers will have increased opportunity to develop / expand the veterinarian - client relationship because of the improved recordkeeping, management protocol, identification requirements and reporting of animal movements associated with both initiatives.
Prevention of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection after a Heterologous Type 1 or Type 2 Challenge in Animals Vaccinated with a Combination Modified Live Virus Vaccine Containing Bivalent BVDV
Authors: Fogarty-Fairbanks K. K. , Rinehart C. L. , Ohnesorge W. C. , Loughin M. M. , Chase C. C. L. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle result in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes ranging from asymptomatic infections to peracute hemorrhagic disease with high mortality. Acute BVDV infection causes respiratory, gastrointestinal and/or reproductive disease that results in a febrile response along with leukopenia. Due to BVDV shedding, persistently infected (PI) animals are a long term threat to herdmates, and may develop mucosal disease resulting in the death of the animal.
Acute BVDV infection of pregnant cattle with either cytopathic (CP) or noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV can result in a variety of fetal syndromes, depending on the virulence of the strain and age of the fetus. In early gestation, BVDV infection can result in early embryonic death and fetal absorption. Between 40-125 days of gestation, infection with NCP BVDV can result in PI calves that shed NCP BVDV for their entire lives.
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a commercial MLV combination vaccine containing bivalent BVDV diluted to contain minimum protective levels of BVDV type 1 and 2 in providing fetal protection against a heterologous challenge with type 1 or type 2 BVDV. Two groups of animals were vaccinated with a single dose of the commercial vaccine. Protection against persistent infection of the fetus was measured following challenge.
Milk And Plasma β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Holstein Transition Cows Supplemented with a Monensin Controlled-Release Capsule
Authors: Melendez P. , Goff J. , Risco C. , Archbald L. , Littell R. , Donovan A. 
Published: February 2023

Ketosis is a common calving-related disorder affecting dairy cows during the transition period. Subclinical ketosis is characterized by serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels > 1000 to 1400 μmol/L. The highest incidence of subclinical ketosis occurs within the first two to three weeks oflactation. The Ketolac® test (Nagoya, Japan) is designed for detection of BHB in milk. Therefore, it is a practical tool for diagnosing subclinical ketosis in early postpartum dairy cows. If prevention is not considered during the transition period, cows will be at higher risk of developing ketosis. Monensin is an ionophore that affects rumen fermentation, resulting in increased propionic acid production with a concurrent decrease in the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate. As a result, monensin has been used to prevent ketosis and calving-related disorders in dairy cattle.
It is hypothesized that dairy cows supplemented with monensin and fed diets containing citrus pulp would experience a decreased incidence of subclinical ketosis. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule applied at dry-off on the proportion of cows with concentrations of milk BHB > 200 μmol/L, and to associate these findings with the concentration of serum BHB at 14 d postpartum in Holstein dairy cows fed diets containing citrus pulp.
Evaluation of Three Cow-side Tests for Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Fresh Cows
Authors: Carrier J. , Stewart S. , Godden S. , Fetrow J. , Rapnicki P. 
Published: February 2023

Subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle can lead to economic losses through decreased milk production, decreased reproductive performance, increased risk of displaced abomasum and increased risk of clinical ketosis. For early detection of the disease, there is a need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tests.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of three cow-side diagnostic tests for the detection of subclinical ketosis in fresh dairy cows, compared to the gold standard serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). The cow-side tests were: (1) a commonly used test strip detecting acetoacetate in urine (Ketostix, Bayer Corporation, Elkhart, Indiana, USA), (2) a commonly used powder test used on milk, also detecting acetoacetate (KetoCheck, Great States Animal Health, St. Joseph, Missouri, USA), and (3) a milk test strip detecting BHBA (KetoTest, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, distributed by Elanco Animal Health/Provel, Guelph, Ontario, Canada).
Effect of a Monensin Controlled-Release Capsule Inserted At Dry-Off On Energy Status In Transition Holstein Cows Fed Typical Florida Diets
Authors: Melendez P. , Goff J. , Risco C. , Archbald L. , Littell R. , Donovan A. 
Published: February 2023

The transition period in dairy cows (three weeks before and after calving) is characterized by tremendous physiological and metabolic changes. During this period, cows experience some degree of hypocalcemia, increased levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and Bhydroxybutyrate (BHB), and decreased levels of glucose. Consequently, if prevention is not employed, cows will be at a higher risk of developing calving-related disorders (CRD).
Monensin is an ionophore that affects rumen fermentation, resulting in increased proprionic acid production and a concurrent decrease in the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate. Consequently, monensin as a controlled-release capsule has been used to prevent ketosis and other disorders in dairy cattle.
The hypothesis of the present study was that transition dairy cows supplemented with monensin and fed typical Florida diets would positively improve energy status. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule inserted at dry-off on concentrations of NEFA, BHB and glucose during the transition period of Florida dairy cows.
Retrospective Study of Risk Factors that Affect Outcomes in Bovine Cesarean Sections (1998-2003)
Authors: Newman K. D. , Anderson D. E. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine cesarean sections are one of the most commonly performed procedures in bovine practice with a variety of outcomes. A number of risk factors that affect outcomes have been proposed, but substantiated by clinical impression alone. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether there was a difference between elective, emergency non-emphysematous and emergency emphysematous presentations.
The objective was to compare whether the ability to exteriorize the uterus during fetal delivery and/or calf viability at the time offetal delivery have effects on outcome.
Impact of Antimicrobial Use in Animals and Regulatory Response
Authors: Tollefson Linda 
Published: February 2023

There is accumulating evidence that the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals has adverse human health consequences. The use of these drugs in food animals selects for resistant pathogens and resistance genes that may be transferred to humans through the consumption or handling of foods of animal origin. Recent studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial resistance among foodborne bacteria may cause excess cases of illness, prolonged duration of illness, and increased rates of bacteremia, hospitalization and death.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is committed to resolving the public health impact arising from the use of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals. The FDA's goal is to ensure that significant human antimicrobial therapies are not compromised or lost while providing for the safe use of antimicrobials in food animals. The FDA published a guidance document titled "Evaluating the Safety of Antimicrobial New Animal Drugs with Regard to their Microbiological Effects on Bacteria of Human Health Concern" that outlines a pathway drug sponsors can use to address concerns about antimicrobial resistance prior to approval of their drug. 30 The process uses a qualitative risk assessment approach to assess the potential of the intended use of a product to develop resistance in bacteria that may harm humans. The level of risk determines the level of risk management that is required for the drug to be approved.
Building Better Barns
Authors: Weary Daniel M. , Von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. 
Published: February 2023

Design and management of the feeding area are important. High stocking densities at the feed bunk increase aggressive competition and keep subordinate cows away from feed. Physical barriers between cows, including head lockers and feed stalls, can help reduce this competition and increase feeding time.
Cows like softer surfaces, for both lying down and for standing upon. Deep-bedded stalls work well for cow comfort, but require maintenance. When it comes to physical structures used to build freestalls, less is more - the hardware we place in the stall is for our benefit, and not the cow's. The more restrictive we design stalls, the less attractive they become for the cow. Use of restrictive stall designs can help keep stalls clean, but to avoid problems with hoof health these designs need to be accompanied by better flooring options, such as softer and drier flooring.