bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus fertilisation differentially influences growth, morpho-physiological adaptations and nutrient uptake of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Islam Mohammad Moinul , Rengel Zed , Storer Paul , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Solaiman Zakaria M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims
Phosphorus (P) is a restricting nutrient for crop productivity worldwide. P deficiency can lead to stunted growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield. But less is documented about the impact of P fertility on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production in the low-P soils of south-western Australia. We aimed to investigate the effect of P rates on growth, physiology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency in hemp.

Methods
The study was conducted in a randomised complete block design with four P rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg P kg–1 dry soil) and three hemp varieties (Morpeth, Han FNQ and Fedora 17). Plants were grown and raised in a controlled-environment phytotron until harvested 35 days after sowing at vegetative growth stage (3rd to nth leaf pair).

Results
Our results revealed a strong influence of treatment (P rate) on hemp growth, physiology, biomass, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency compared to variety and the variety × treatment interaction. Hemp roots predominantly released citrate in P-deficient conditions and gradually shifted to malate exudation with increasing P supply. The N:P ratio, leaf chlorophyll, and gas exchange data coupled with shoot and root length data suggest that Morpeth and Fedora 17 differ in morpho-physiological adaptations for optimum photosynthesis and growth, with high leaf chlorophyll and coarse root length achieved by Morpeth and high intercellular CO2 concentration and shoot length by Fedora 17.

Conclusions
Morpeth and Fedora 17 had high shoot biomass, root length, root surface area and agronomic P-use and P-utilisation efficiencies in response to increasing soil P, while Han FNQ had moderate shoot yield, root growth, high citrate exudation, tissue P concentration and P-uptake efficiency.
Root predominant overexpression of iaaM and CKX genes promotes root initiation and biomass production in citrus
Authors: Tang Dan , Li Yanjun , Zhai Longmei , Li Wei , Kumar Rahul , Yer Huseyin , Duan Hui , Cheng Baoping , Deng Ziniu , Li Yi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPromoting initiation and biomass production of roots is significant for plant-based industries including using roots as bioreactors. Two citrus genotypes, Carrizo and US-897, were used as model plants to test the effects of root-predominantly overexpressed the iaaM (indoleacetic acid-tryptophan monooxygenase) gene and a CKX (a cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) gene. The iaaM transgenic lines exhibited markedly faster root initiation, more root numbers, and higher root biomass compared to their wild-type counterparts. The transgenic iaaM + CKX plants also exhibited similar phenotypes, albeit to a lesser extent than the iaaM plants. Molecular analysis revealed an auxin-responsive CsGH3.1 gene was up-regulated in the iaaM roots and iaaM + CKX roots, and a cytokinin-responsive gene CsARR5 gene was down-regulated in the iaaM + CKX roots. Our results demonstrate that root predominant overexpression of the iaaM or both the iaaM and CKX genes drastically enhances the initiation, growth and biomass production of roots. These results provide additional support that manipulation of auxin and cytokinin levels in roots via transgenic or gene-editing technologies may benefit production of high-value secondary metabolites using roots as bioreactors and also improve rooting of recalcitrant plant species.
Verification of a global weather forecasting system for decision-making in farming over Africa
Authors: Kartsios Stergios , Pytharoulis Ioannis , Karacostas Theodore , Pavlidis Vasileios , Katragkou Eleni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the framework of AfriCultuReS project, operational deterministic weather forecasts provide valuable information on the expected weather conditions over the African continent as a part of federation of services within the project. In this study, we investigate the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) over pilot regions in Africa by utilizing available surface observations, satellite and reanalysis data. The verification period covers two consecutive years (June 2018–May 2020). In addition, we assess the ability of the model to provide skillful forecasts through three high-impact precipitation events that occurred during this period. The results show that the model presents both positive and negative biases with respect to its predicted near surface air temperature, underestimates the near surface relative humidity and the mean sea-level pressure, while overestimates the wind speed at 10 m. The neighborhood-based statistical verification of the 24-h accumulated precipitation reveals that the model forecasts the precipitation events more accurately as the verification area is increasing but at higher precipitation thresholds its performance deteriorates. Different variability, errors and correlation between simulated and observed precipitation exist in each forecast lead day and region. A range of model behavior and forecast skill is found with respect to the examined three precipitation events. Skillful forecasts up to four days ahead were provided in the cases of the Tropical Cyclone IDAI and the flash flooding events in northern Tunisia, while the lowest performance was found in the region of the West African Monsoon.
PTEN-related risk classification models for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cao Lu , Ma Xiaoqian , Zhang Juan , Yang Cejun , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
PTEN often mutates in tumors, and its manipulation is suggested to be used in the development of preclinical tools in cancer research. This study aims to explore the biological impact of gene expression related to PTEN mutations and to develop a prognostic classification model based on the heterogeneity of PTEN expression, and to explore its sensitivity as an indicator of prognosis and molecular and biologic features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Material and methods
RNA-seq data and mutation data of the LIHC cohort sample downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The HCC samples were grouped according to the mean expression of PTEN, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated by ESTIMATE and ssGSEA. The prognostic classification model related to PTEN were constructed by COX and LASSO regression analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTEN-high and -low expressed group.

Results
The expression of PTEN was affected by copy number variation (CNV) and negatively correlated with immune score, IFNγ score and immune cell infiltration. 1281 DEGs were detected between PTEN-high and PTEN-low expressed group, 8 of the DEGs were finally filtered for developing a prognosis classification model. This model showed better prognostic value than other clinicopathological parameters, and the prediction accuracy of prognosis and ICB treatment for immunotherapy cohorts was better than that of TIDE model.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the effect of CNV on PTEN expression and the negative immune correlation of PTEN, and constructed a classification model related to the expression of PTEN, which was of guiding significance for evaluating prognostic results of HCC patients and ICB treatment response of cancer immunotherapy cohorts.
Distribution and Recurrence of Warming‐Induced Retrogressive Thaw Slumps on the Central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Dongdong , Qiu Haijun , Ye Bingfeng , Liu Ya , Zhang Juanjuan , Zhu Yaru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRetrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) have become a dominant geomorphic event in permafrost regions due to the modern climate change. However, the roles of topographic, vegetation, and soil factors in influencing the spatial distribution and recurrence of RTSs remain not fully understood. Here, we identified the formation and recurrence of 459 RTSs during 2008–2021 using satellite images of the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (Northwest of the Beiluhe Basin, 239 km2). We found that the topographic and environmental attributes of the RTSs exhibited strong correlations with the variation in the RTS density. The RTS‐affected areas had a higher slope, elevation, relative slope position, normalized difference vegetation index, soil water content, and lower soil bulk density than other landscapes. Regarding the influence of topographic and environmental attributes on the activity status of RTSs during 2018–2020, we found that the higher slope, elevation, and soil water content were advantageous for the activity of the RTSs. The RTSs with larger sizes and presenting an elongated shape were more likely to be active. Additionally, we examined the variation of the headwall shape of RTSs based on the fractal dimension and UAV‐based orthophoto. We found that the headwall shape of RTSs becomes more complicated due to the small‐scale thawing of ice‐rich permafrost, which may further induce subsequent thaw slumping. Higher air temperature triggers new RTSs, and increased precipitation may be responsible for the further activity of RTSs. Our findings can enhance our understanding of the development pattern and mechanism of RTSs in permafrost regions.
Tailored Forecasts Can Predict Extreme Climate Informing Proactive Interventions in East Africa
Authors: Funk Chris , Harrison Laura , Segele Zewdu , Rosenstock Todd , Steward Peter , Anderson C. Leigh , Coughlan de Perez Erin , Maxwell Daniel , Endris Hussen Seid , Koch Eunice , Artan Guleid , Teshome Fetene , Aura Stella Maris , Galu Gideon , Korecha Diriba , Anderson Weston , Hoell Andrew , Damerau Kerstin , Williams Emily , Ghosh Aniruddha , Ramirez‐Villegas Julian , Hughes David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis commentary discusses new advances in the predictability of east African rains and highlights the potential for improved early warning systems (EWS), humanitarian relief efforts, and agricultural decision‐making. Following an unprecedented sequence of five droughts, 23 million east Africans faced starvation in 2022, requiring >$2 billion in aid. Here, we update climate attribution studies showing that these droughts resulted from an interaction of climate change and La Niña. Then we describe, for the first time, how attribution‐based insights can be combined with the latest dynamical models to predict droughts at 8‐month lead‐times. We then discuss behavioral and social barriers to forecast use, and review literature examining how EWS might (or might not) enhance agro‐pastoral advisories and humanitarian interventions. Finally, in reference to the new World Meteorological Organization “Early Warning for All” Executive Action Plan, we conclude with a set of recommendations supporting actionable and authoritative climate services. Trust, urgency, and accuracy can help overcome barriers created by limited funding, uncertain tradeoffs, and inertia. Understanding how climate change is producing predictable climate extremes now, investing in African‐led EWS, and building better links between EWS and agricultural development efforts can support long‐term adaptation, reducing chronic needs for billions of dollars in reactive assistance. In Africa and beyond, climate change brings increasingly extreme sea surface temperature (SST) gradients. Using climate models, we can often see these extremes coming. Prediction, therefore, offers opportunities for proactive risk management and improved advisory services, if we can create effective societal linkages via cross‐silo collaborations.
Open-3DSIM: an open-source three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy reconstruction platform
Authors: Cao Ruijie , Li Yaning , Chen Xin , Ge Xichuan , Li Meiqi , Guan Meiling , Hou Yiwei , Fu Yunzhe , Xu Xinzhu , Leterrier Christophe , Jiang Shan , Gao Baoxiang , Xi Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOpen-3DSIM is an open-source reconstruction platform for three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy. We demonstrate its superior performance for artifact suppression and high-fidelity reconstruction relative to other algorithms on various specimens and over a range of signal-to-noise levels. Open-3DSIM also offers the capacity to extract dipole orientation, paving a new avenue for interpreting subcellular structures in six dimensions (xyzθλt). The platform is available as MATLAB code, a Fiji plugin and an Exe application to maximize user-friendliness.
Lithospheric structural dynamics and geothermal modeling of the Western Arabian Shield
Authors: Melouah Oualid , Ebong Ebong D. , Abdelrahman Kamal , Eldosouky Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of suturing and cratonisation and their implications are vital in estimating the link between the lithospheric mantle architecture and geothermal resources. We propose new interpretations of the Western Arabian Shield’s geodynamic styles and geothermal anomalies. In this work, features of the crust and mantle were interpreted from geophysical modeling to unravel the structural dynamics between the Arabian Shield and the Red Sea rift, as well as the influence of these mechanisms on the uplift of the Cenozoic basalts. Estimates of the lower crust thermal properties were also achieved. Spectral properties of the potential field were used to define the Curie isotherm, heat fluxes, geothermal gradients, radiogenic heat production, Moho configuration, and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Results show new structural styles, micro-sutures, and significant thermal anomalies. The defined geothermal patterns were inferred to be due to localized initiation of tectonic and asthenospheric disequilibrium during the rifting episodes within the Red Sea. Also, magma mixing is initiated by the northward migration of magma from the Afar plume towards the Western Arabian Shield which drives local mantle melts beneath the western Arabia, thereby providing the pressure field required for magma ascent. The ascendant magma flow provides the heating source of geothermal reservoirs within the Western Arabian Shield. However, there are indications that during the episodes of rifting within the Red Sea and/or ancient Pan-African activities, the mixing process may have been altered resulting in crustal thinning and creating pathways of ascendant magma flow along the MMN volcanic line. Integrating geophysical and geothermal models indicated new zones of suturing and extensional tectonics between the amalgamated terranes. The geodynamic interpretation shows a new redistribution of terranes and continuous compressional and transtentional movements within the Arabian Shield.
Significance of melting heat in bioconvection flow of micropolar nanofluid over an oscillating surface
Authors: Alqurashi M. S. , Farooq Umar , Sediqmal Mirwais , Waqas Hassan , Noreen Sobia , Imran Muhammad , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPharmaceuticals, biological polymer synthesis, eco-friendly uses, sustainable fuel cell innovations, microbial-enhanced extraction of petroleum, biological sensors, biological technology, and continual mathematical modeling refinement are all examples of how bioconvection is applied. This study examines the bio convectional viscoelastic-micropolar nano liquid flow with non-uniform heat sink/source, motile microorganisms that move across a stretched sheet. Thermal radiation and thermal conductivity are also explored. Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion effects are taken into account. The system of a higher partial differential equation is transformed to ODEs by using the appropriate similarity functions. Such reported equations are implemented with the computational tool MATLAB shooting approach using a bvp4c solver. The variations of numerous flow parameters comprise velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism profile. Various important, interesting transport numbers are numerically and graphically demonstrated with physical justifications. The bouncy ratio parameter reduces the fluid's velocity profile whereas the material parameter increases it. For increased melting parameters, the micro rotation profile improves, but it deteriorated. For the Prandtl number and temperature ratio parameters, the temperature profile is negative. The melting parameter influences the concentration profile. The microorganism’s profile is decreased bioconvective Lewis numbers and is higher for the magnetic parameter. The current model has many features in the manufacturing industries, engineering works, physics, and applied mathematics.
The prognostic ability of radiotherapy of different colorectal cancer histological subtypes and tumor sites
Authors: Shi Wenzai , Chen Jianfei , Yao Nan , Wu Tiantian , Suo Xiaopeng , Wang Qiang , Liu Jun , Yu Guoyong , Zhang Keming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe prognostic significance of radiotherapy (RT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) has shown conflicting results, particularly among different pathological subtypes, including adenocarcinoma (AC), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SR). This study analyzed the prognosis of three pathological CRC types and focused on the prognostic significance of RT on three CRC histological subtypes. Patients diagnosed with AC (n = 54,174), MC (n = 3813), and SR (n = 664) in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010–2017) were evaluated. Cox regression models and competitive risk models were built to assess the effect of RT on the risk of CRC-associated death. Potential interactions between RT and stratified variables including age, sex, and tumor location were examined by multiplicative models. Compared with AC patients, SR patients had the worst overall survival (OS) among 3 subtypes of CRC (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Compared with patients who did not receive radiotherapy, RT was associated with a 1.09-fold (HR = 1.09, 95%[CI]: 1.03, 1.15) elevated risk of death among AC patients. In the SR group, RT significantly reduced the risk of death by 39% (HR = 0.61, 95%[CI]: 0.39–0.95). However, RT did not appear to independently influence survival in the MC group (HR = 0.96, 95%[CI]: 0.77, 1.21). In the subgroup analysis, tumor location (colon and rectum) significantly modified the association between RT and the risk of death among the AC and SR patients (p for interaction < 0.05). SR patients exhibited a worse OS (overall survival) than AC patients, and the effect of RT varied according to CRC histological subtypes. This can ultimately lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies for CRC patients.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with DHMZ, July 2022
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Norris James , Trask Peter , Zobaj Eugen , Lepri Petra 
Published: July 2023

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Croatia maintained by the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol-1 to 500 nmol mol-1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Pipeline leakage aperture identification method based on pseudolabel learning
Authors: Yuan Li , Lang Xianming , Zhang Zhouhua , Liu Qiang , Cao Jiangtao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of insufficient label data in the pipeline leak detection field, this paper proposes a pseudolabel (PL) adaptive learning method based on multiscale convolutional neural network (MSCNN) with the idea of transfer learning for pipeline leak aperture identification. First, the convolutional and pooling layers for transfer learning feature extraction are improved by using a dual-channel MSCNN. Second, the KL divergence function after dimensionality reduction is used to calculate the distribution distance between the source domain and the target domain to improve the robustness of distribution alignment in high-noise environments. In addition, considering the interference of PL noise, this paper develops a pseudolabel (PL) dynamic threshold to achieve the purpose of PL adaptive updating. Compared with the fixed threshold, the improved PL learning (PLL) can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model. The effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is verified by predicting pipeline leakage conditions at different distances and under different pressures. The comparative analysis results show that the method in this paper is superior to other transfer learning methods in terms of prediction accuracy, stability, and convergence speed.
Lasing in Zn-doped GaAs nanowires on an iron film
Authors: Aman Gyanan , Lysevych Mykhaylo , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Schmitzer Heidrun , Fränzl Martin , Cahay Marc , Wagner Hans Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate optically pumped lasing in highly Zn-doped GaAs nanowires (NWs) lying on an iron film. The conically shaped NWs are first covered with an 8 nm thick Al2O3 film to prevent atmospheric oxidation and mitigate band-bending effects. Multimode and single-mode lasing have been observed for NWs with a length greater or smaller than 2 μm, respectively. Finite difference time domain calculations reveal a weak electric field enhancement in the Al2O3 layer at the NW/iron film interface for the lasing modes. The high Zn acceptor concentration in the NWs provides enhanced radiative efficiency and enables lasing on the iron film despite plasmonic losses. Our results open avenues for integrating NW lasers on ferromagnetic substrates to achieve new functionalities, such as magnetic field-induced modulation.
Optimisation of an elastomeric pre-buckled honeycomb helmet liner for advanced impact mitigation
Authors: Adams Rhosslyn , Soe Shwe , Theobald Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Advances in computational modelling now offer an efficient route to developing novel helmet liners that could exceed contemporary materials’ performance. Furthermore, the rise of accessible additive manufacturing presents a viable route to achieving otherwise unobtainable material structures. This study leverages an established finite element-based approach to the optimisation of cellular structures for the loading conditions of a typical helmet impact. A novel elastomeric pre-buckled honeycomb structure is adopted and optimised, the performance of which is baselined relative to vinyl nitrile foam under direct and oblique loading conditions. Results demonstrate that a simplified optimisation strategy is scalable to represent the behaviour of a full helmet. Under oblique impact conditions, the optimised pre-buckled honeycomb liner exceeds the contemporary material performance when considering computed kinematic metrics head and rotational injury criterion, by up to 49.9% and 56.6%. Furthermore, when considering tissue-based severity metrics via finite element simulations of a human brain model, maximum principal strain and cumulative strain density measures are reduced by 14.9% and 66.7% when comparing the new material, to baseline.