bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of medical students toward psychiatry in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A systematic review
Authors: Mohebbi Mohammad , Nafissi Nastaran , Ghotbani Farzaneh , Khojasteh Zonoozi Arash , Mohaddes Ardabili Hossein 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPsychiatry is facing one of the highest levels of shortages among medical specialties. Stigma toward psychiatry plays an influential role in medical students' decision to choose psychiatry as a career and has been reported to be prevalent in different parts of the world, particularly in low/middle-income countries.ObjectiveTo systematically review the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry, to assess whether their attitudes are stigmatized or not, and the factors affecting their attitudes.MethodPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (PsycARTICLES) were searched using a combination of main terms “stigma,” “psychiatry,” “medical students,” and the name of Eastern Mediterranean countries. Cross-sectional studies assessing the attitudes of EMR medical students toward psychiatry were included in this review.ResultsTen studies were eligible to be included in the result synthesis. These were from Pakistan (n = 3), Iran (n = 2), Saudi Arabia (n = 1), Lebanon (n = 1), Egypt (n = 1), Bahrain (n = 1), and Oman (n = 1). Most studies reported a combination of both positive and negative attitudes among medical students; however, the overall attitude was positive. Factors affecting medical students' attitude toward psychiatry included poor psychological well-being, having a friend with a psychiatric illness, involving in a romantic relationship with someone suffering from mental illness, young age, frequency of exposure to psychiatry clerkship/teaching, and quality of psychiatry clerkship. Nevertheless, the final positive or negative outcome of these factors on students' attitudes remained controversial.ConclusionConsidering the lack of sufficient data from most EMR countries, we need to exercise caution in interpreting the results of this review. Nevertheless, our review indicates that psychiatry is not stigmatized among EMR medical students, and they have generally positive attitudes toward it. The findings of studies evaluating influencing factors are contradictory and demand further exploration.
“We just have to help”: Community health workers' informal task-shifting and task-sharing practices for hypertension and diabetes care in Nigeria
Authors: Ajisegiri Whenayon Simeon , Abimbola Seye , Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie , Odusanya Olumuyiwa O. , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionNigeria's skilled health professional health workforce density is insufficient to achieve its national targets for non-communicable diseases (NCD) which include 25% reduction in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, particularly at the primary health care (PHC) level. This places a great demand on community health workers (CHWs) who constitute the majority of PHC workers. Traditionally, CHWs are mainly involved in infectious diseases programmes, and maternal and child health services. Their involvement with prevention and control of NCDs has been minimal. With government prioritization of PHC for combating the rising NCD burden, strengthening CHWs' skills and competencies for NCD care delivery is crucial.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study to explore the roles and practices of CHWs in the delivery of hypertension and diabetes care at PHC facilities in four states (two each in northern and southern regions) in Nigeria. We reviewed the National Standing Orders that guide CHWs' practices at the PHC facilities and administered a survey to 76 CHWs and conducted 13 focus groups (90 participants), and in-depth individual interviews with 13 CHWs and 7 other local and state government stakeholders.ResultsOverall, we found that despite capacity constraints, CHWs frequently delivered services beyond the scope of practice stipulated in the National Standing Orders. Such informal task-shifting practices were primarily motivated by a need to serve the community.DiscussionWhile these practices may partially support health system functions and address unmet need, they may also lead to variable care quality and safety. Several factors could mitigate these adverse impacts and strengthen CHW roles in the health system. These include a stronger enabling policy environment to support NCD task-sharing, investment in continuous capacity building for CHWs, improved guidelines that can be implemented at the point of care, and improved coordination processes between PHC and higher-level facilities.
Relationship between meteorological and environmental factors and acute exacerbation for pediatric bronchial asthma: Comparative study before and after COVID-19 in Suzhou
Authors: Guo Suyu , Chen Dongmei , Chen Jiawei , Zhu Canhong , Huang Li , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveClimate and environmental change is a well-known factor causing bronchial asthma in children. After the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), climate and environmental changes have occurred. The present study investigated the relationship between climate changes (meteorological and environmental factors) and the number of hospitalizations for pediatric bronchial asthma in Suzhou before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2021, data on daily inpatients diagnosed with bronchial asthma at Children's Hospital of Soochow University were collected. Suzhou Meteorological and Environmental Protection Bureau provided daily meteorological and environmental data. To assess the relationship between bronchial asthma-related hospitalizations and meteorological and environmental factors, partial correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used. To estimate the effects of meteorological and environmental variables on the development of bronchial asthma in children, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used.ResultsAfter the COVID-19 outbreak, both the rate of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and the infection rate of pathogenic respiratory syncytial virus decreased, whereas the proportion of school-aged children and the infection rate of human rhinovirus increased. After the pandemic, the incidence of an acute asthma attack was negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature and positively correlated with PM2.5. Stepwise regression analysis showed that monthly mean temperature and O3 were independent covariates (risk factors) for the rate of acute asthma exacerbations. The ARIMA (1, 0, 0) (0, 0, 0) 12 model can be used to predict temperature changes associated with bronchial asthma.ConclusionMeteorological and environmental factors are related to bronchial asthma development in children. The influence of meteorological and environmental factors on bronchial asthma may be helpful in predicting the incidence and attack rates.
Internet use and rural-urban mental health inequalities: Evidence from China
Authors: Nie Weihao , Hu Mingzheng , Ye Xin 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionIn the context of the new digital era, clarifying the relationship between Internet use and urban and rural residents' mental health is of important value for reducing rural-urban health inequalities. This paper aims to study the association between Internet use and rural-urban mental health inequalities.MethodsBased on the data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2020, we firstly examined the existence and specific manifestation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents. Secondly, we examined the mediating effect of Internet use by the Bootstrap mediating effect measure. Finally, we verified the robustness of the mediating effect.ResultsThere are significant mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents, and urban residents have better mental health than rural residents (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, the test results for the mediating effect of Internet use on mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents were significant (p &lt; 0.01), with a direct effect of −0.028 (p &lt; 0.01) and an indirect effect of −0.49 (p &lt; 0.01), and this result remained significant in the robustness test.DiscussionIn such a new age of the Internet, mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents objectively did exist, and the use of the internet played a positive mediation effect on the formation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural areas.
Growth performance, jejunal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in Langde geese as affected by the in ovo injection of maltose plus sucrose
Authors: Li Desheng , Dang De Xin , Xu Han , Zhou Haizhu , Lou Yujie , Liu Xiao , Cui Yan 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe vigorous metabolic activity of an embryo increases the risk of low energy supply during incubation. The lack of energy during this critical period will lead to the death of an embryo. To avoid this risk, the in ovo injection technique in ovo allows for the injection of energy substances into an embryo.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of in ovo injection of maltose and sucrose (MS) in ovo on post-hatching growth performance, jejunal morphology and disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in Langde geese. A total of 300 fertilized eggs (115.75 ± 1.25 g) obtained from 3-year-old Langde geese were used in this study. The eggs were randomly assigned to two groups, and the difference between the two groups was whether 25g/L maltose and 25g/L sucrose (MS) dissolved in 7.5g/L NaCl were injected into the amnion on embryonic day 24. Each group had six replicates, which each replicate containing 25 eggs. The goslings were raised till day 28.Results and discussionThe results showed that the in ovo injection of MS increased final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. Additionally, MS injection improved post-hatching jejunal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression at an early stage. Therefore, we considered that the in ovo injection of MS had positive effects on the nutrient absorption capacity of goslings, thus contributing to the improvement in their growth performance.
Induction of autophagy improves skin and hair conditions in dogs with underlying diseases
Authors: Kim Yoonji , Lee Seung-Hwa , Song Yunji , Jeong Sekyoo , Kim Ha-Jung 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAutophagy was reported to play a crucial role in maintaining general and skin health.MethodsThe study used a synthesized autophagy inducer (AI) (Aquatide™ cospharm Inc.; Daejeon, Korea), for evaluating the effects of autophagy on skin and hair in dogs. Twenty-two dogs with poor skin and hair which were diagnosed with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) were included. Clinical scores using Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index-04 (CADESI-04), Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and skin barrier function using measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were evaluated and canine keratinocytes were also used in vitro investigation of pro-inflammatory cytokines after AI treatment.ResultsIn the AI group, clinical scores and skin barrier function were improved at week 8 significantly compared to in the other groups. In particular, the AI significantly improved the hair surface damage at 8 weeks compared to the baseline. In vitro, the AI reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78).ConclusionAI improve skin barrier function and hair damage and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in dogs.
Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma by means of PRGF®-Endoret® protocol in leukemia cats: PDGF-BB and TGF-ß1 valuation
Authors: Miguel-Pastor Laura , Satué Katy , Chicharro Deborah , Peláez Pau , Torres-Torrillas Marta , Carrillo José M. , Cerón José J. , Sopena Joaquín J. , Rubio Mónica 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionFeline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a chronic disease that leads to the weakening of a cat's immune system. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers therapeutic effects for multiple diseases, the use of PRP and growth factors (GFs) determination could be an alternative treatment to improve the quality of life in these patients. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the concentration of platelets (PLTs), red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) between samples of whole blood (WB), PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fractions, and to evaluate the concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in both fractions in FeLV cats using a PRGF®-Endoret® protocol previously standardized in this species.MethodsWB was collected from 11 asymptomatic FeLV-positive cats. PRP and PPP was obtained following PRGF®-Endoret® technology according to centrifugation at 265 g for 10 min. Cellular components, RBCs, WBCs, PLTs, and the PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations in PRP and PPP fractions were determined.ResultsPLT in the PRP fraction was statistically higher than WB and PPP fraction, with no statistical differences between WB and PPP. PLT concentration increased 1.4 times in PRP fraction compared to WB. Mean platelet volume (MPV) did not differ significantly between the WB, PRP, and PPP fractions. Compared to WB, the absolute numbers of RBCs and WBCs were decreased by 99% and more than 95% in the PRP and PPP fractions, respectively. TGF-ß1 concentrations increased in PRP vs. PPP, with no changes in PDGF-BB.DiscussionBased on the degree of PLT enrichment and the absence of RBCs and WBCs, this blood product could be classified as a Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP). The presence of GFs in PRP and PPP samples suggests that the PRGF®-Endoret® methodology is suitable for obtaining PRP in FeLV cats, despite future studies are necessary to optimize the technique, standardize the results and assess clinical efficacy.
Salivary IgA and IgG Antibody Responses against Periodontitis-Associated Bacteria in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Gürsoy Mervi , Rautava Jaana , Pussinen Pirkko , Kristoffersen Anna Karin , Enersen Morten , Loimaranta Vuokko , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: January 2023

Elevated serum immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody levels are observed in Crohn’s disease patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary IgA and IgG antibody levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia in Crohn’s disease patients. Eighty-eight participants (47 Crohn’s disease patients and 41 systemically healthy age- and gender-matched controls) were included in the study. Oral and medical health statuses were recorded and salivary samples were collected. Salivary P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia carriage were analyzed with DNA sequencing technique, salivary levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgM were measured with the Luminex® xMAP™ technique, and salivary IgA and IgG antibody levels against P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia were detected by ELISA. As result, higher salivary IgG2 (p = 0.011) and IgG3 (p = 0.006), P. gingivalis IgA (p < 0.001), A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG (p = 0.001), and P. intermedia IgG (p < 0.001) antibody levels were detected in the Crohn’s disease group compared to the controls. Salivary P. gingivalis carriage was lower in the Crohn’s disease group in comparison to the controls (p = 0.024). In conclusion, salivary IgA antibody responses against P. gingivalis and IgG antibody responses against P. intermedia have independent associations with Crohn’s disease.
Digital Spatial Profiling of Glomerular Gene Expression in Pauci-Immune Focal Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Oszwald André , Mejía-Pedroza Raúl A. , Schachner Helga , Aigner Christof , Rees Andrew , Kain Renate 
Published: January 2023

Key Points

Pauci-immune focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis (piFNGN) entails heterogeneous glomerular lesions in different stages of evolution.Spatial profiling of glomeruli in piFNGN identifies protein and mRNA signatures that correlate with morphologically distinct lesions.Profiling of individual glomeruli provides insights into the pathogenesis of piFNGN and may identify therapeutic targets or biomarkers.

Pauci-immune focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis (piFNGN) involves asynchronous onset and progression of injurious lesions in biopsies. Pathologists can describe this heterogeneity within a biopsy, but translating the information into prognostic or expression analyses is challenging. Understanding the underlying molecular processes could improve treatment; however, bulk or single-cell transcriptomic analyses of dissociated tissue disregard the heterogeneity of glomerular injury.
We characterize protein and mRNA expression of individual glomeruli in 20 biopsies from 18 patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated piFNGN using the NanoString digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform. For this purpose, circular annotations of glomeruli were analyzed using protein, immuno-oncology RNA, and Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panels (n=120, 72, and 48 glomeruli, respectively). Histologic evaluation of glomerular patterns of injury was performed in adjacent serial sections. Expression data were processed by log2 transformation, quantile normalization, and batch adjustment.
DSP revealed distinct but overlapping gene expression profiles relating to the morphological evolution of injurious lesions, including dynamic expression of various immune checkpoint regulators. Enrichment analysis indicated deregulated pathways that underline known and highlight novel potential mechanisms of disease. Moreover, by capturing individual glomeruli, DSP describes heterogeneity between and within biopsies.
We demonstrate the benefit of spatial profiling for characterization of heterogeneous glomerular injury, indicating novel molecular correlates of glomerular injury in piFNGN.
Toxicological Evaluation of the Skin-Irritant Effect and Sensitizing Effect of a Dry Cosmetic Therapeutic Mask
Authors: Нуруллаева Д.Х. , Фарманова Н.Т. , Тухтаев Х.Р. , Султанова Р.Х. 
Published: January 2023

В статье приведены данные по изучению кожно-раздражающего действия и сенсибилизирующего эффекта разработанной сухой маски, в состав которой входят сухие экстракты овса посевного, ромашки аптечной, календулы лекарственной и шалфея лекарственного. Проведенные испытания показали, что образец косметического средства не обладает резорбтивным, сенсибилизирующим эффектами и не оказывает кожно-раздражающего действия.
The article presents data on the study of the skin-irritating effect and the sensitizing effect of the developed dry mask composition that contains dry extracts of the fruits of oats, chamomile; calendula officinalis and sage officinalis. The tests carried out showed that the sample of the cosmetic product does not have resorptive, sensitizing effects and does not have a skin-irritating effect.
Fabrication and optical characterization of GaN micro-disk cavities undercut by laser-assisted photo-electrochemical etching
Authors: Tajiri T. , Sosumi S. , Shimoyoshi K. , Uchida K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
GaN micro-disk cavities undercut by laser-assisted photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching are fabricated and optically characterized. The laser source used in the PEC etching is tuned to be absorbed by the InGaN/GaN superlattice beneath the GaN disk to selectively etch the superlattice. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in fabricated GaN micro-disk cavities are evaluated by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy of light emission from the embedded InGaN quantum wells. Quality factors estimated for the WGMs reach approximately 6700 at blue-violet wavelengths. Detailed analysis suggests that the high-Q WGMs are the fundamental WGMs. These results indicate the high applicability of laser-assisted PEC etching to the fabrication of air-clad GaN micro-cavities.
Layer transfer of ultrathin Ge crystal segregated on Al/Ge(111) structure
Authors: Matsushita Keigo , Ohta Akio , Shibayama Shigehisa , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Taoka Noriyuki , Makihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Seiichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Effects of the surface modification by O2 plasma exposure on the Al/Ge(111) structure have been investigated in order to get an insight into a layer transfer technique of the ultrathin Ge layer segregated on the Al/Ge(111) structure toward the device fabrication, and then the wafer bonding of the Al/Ge(111) structure to the thermally-grown SiO2/Si structure has been demonstrated. The O2 plasma treatment and the subsequent pure water rinse were found to be effective to form the hydrophilic surface of the Al/Ge(111) structure with a suppression of the segregated Ge layer oxidation. The Al/Ge(111) structure with the hydrophilic surface was then bonded to the SiO2/Si substrate, and its bonding strength was enough to perform Ge thinning by the chemical mechanical polishing and the wet-chemical etching using H2O2-based solutions. Ohmic contact of the ring-type device pattern with the segregated Ge/Al stack was achieved by using the remaining p-type Ge substrate as the contact pads.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PENYELESAIAN KLAIM ASURANSI KERUGIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PADA PT SERASI AUTORAYA ( TRAC- ASTRA RENT A CAR ) CABANG KALTENGSEL
Authors: Ruly Nitya Putra  , Adi Rahman  
Published: January 2023

Abstrak: Ruly Nitya Putra, Akuntansi, 2022. Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penyelesaian Klaim Asuransi Kerugian Kendaraan Bermotor Pada PT Serasi Autoraya ( Trac-Astra Rent a Car ) Cabang Kaltengsel, Pembimbing 1: Dr. Ernawati S.E., M.M, Pembimbing 2: Adi Rahman, S.E., M.M. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pengendalian internal penyelesaian klaim asuransi kerugian kendaraan bermotor yang selama ini dilakukan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif – kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang diperlukan dari PT Serasi Autoraya (TRAC-Astra Rent a Car) Cabang Kaltengsel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan PT Serasi Autoraya (TRAC-Astra Rent a Car) Cabang Kaltengsel hanya menerima laporan klaim dari Pelanggan, selanjutnya dilakukan pelaporan ke perusahaan asuransi, pelaporan klaim dilakukan oleh Service Advisor yang juga merangkap sebagai staff admin. Prosedur penyelesaian klaim kerugian terdapat dua sistem yang digunakan, penjaminan dan reimbursement. Prosedur klaim yang diterapkan sudah berjalan dengan baik mengikuti Standart Operasional Prosedure yang ada, meskipun masih ada sedikit yang keluar dari Standart Operasional Prosedure yang diterapkan.

Kata kunci: Pengendalian Internal, Prosedur Klaim, Asuransi.
الإجمال والتفصيل في سورة القارعة دراسة تطبيقية في ضوء علم اللغة النصّيّ
Authors: كاظم قاسم , عيدان حيدر 
Published: January 2023

إنّ البحث الموسوم (الإجمال والتفصيل في سورة القارعة، دراسة تطبيقية في ضوء علم اللغة النصي)، يهدف إلى بيان أهمية العلاقات النصية في تحليل النصوص، وإلى دراسة علاقة الاجمال والتفصيل، التي تُعدّ من أهم العلاقات الدلالية في الترابط المفهومي للنصّ، ولهذه العلاقة طرائق تعبيرية مختلفة، منها استعمال أدوات ملفوظة، مثل "أمّا" التفصيلية، و"من" البيانية، وأحياناً لا تذكر الأداة فيفهم المعنى بعلاقة ملحوظة فيكون عندئذٍ من عطاء النصّ.
وصرف البحث النظر تلقاء سورة القارعة، ليستجلي ويكشف النقاب عن أهمية علاقة الإجمال والتفصيل في بناء النصّ وتحليله، مُتبعاً لذلك المنهج الوصفي، واقتضى البحث أن يكون على مدخل ومطلبين أردفتهما بخاتمة وثبت للمصادر والمراجع، ضمّ المطلب الأول بيان أهمية علاقة الإجمال والتفصيل للنصّ القرآني، وتعريفاً عاماً للسورة المباركة، واحتوى المطلب الثاني جانب التطبيق والتحليل.