bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of patient characteristics on the efficacy and safety of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post‐hoc analysis of two randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Hagi Katsuhiko , Kochi Kenji , Watada Hirotaka , Kaku Kohei , Ueki Kohjiro 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSubstantial variability in demographic and clinical characteristics exists among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may impact treatment. This post‐hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily (BID) monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients according to demographic and clinical characteristics.Materials and MethodsData were pooled from two placebo‐controlled, 24 week, randomized, double‐blind studies in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Outcomes (least squares mean [LSM] change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24, and safety) were analyzed according to subgroups based on demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.ResultsThe difference in LSM change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 was statistically significant for imeglimin vs placebo in all patient subgroups analyzed (P < 0.05 each), including demographics (age, body mass index), clinical characteristics (duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease [CKD] stage, and prior medication use) and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, risk of hepatic fibrosis and liver function parameter status). A statistically significant separation from placebo in HbA1c was observed at week 4 and maintained through week 24. No new safety concerns were identified with imeglimin in any patient subpopulations.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of imeglimin was demonstrated across patient subgroups, irrespective of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Our findings confirm the efficacy and safety of imeglimin across a broad spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Swamp eel aldehyde reductase is involved in response to nitrosative stress via regulating NO/GSH levels
Authors: Zhao Yuhe , Liu Yang , Wu Jianfen , Kong Dan , Zhao Sifan , Li Guopan , Li Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAldehyde reductase (ALR) plays key roles in the detoxification of toxic aldehyde. In this study, the authors cloned the swamp eel ALR gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends‐PCR (RACE‐PCR). The recombinant protein (rALR) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using a Ni2+‐NTA chelating column. The rALR protein exhibited efficient reductive activity towards several aldehydes, ketones and S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). A spot assay suggested that the recombinant E. coli strain expressing rALR showed better resistance to formaldehyde, sodium nitrite and GSNO stress, suggesting that swamp eel ALR is crucial for redox homeostasis in vivo. Consequently, the authors investigated the effect of rALR on the oxidative parameters of the liver in swamp eels challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The hepatic glutathione (GSH) content significantly increased, and the hepatic NO content and levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species significantly decreased when rALR was administered. In addition, the mRNA expression of hepatic Alr, HO1 and Nrf2 was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of NF‐κB, IL‐1β and NOS1 were significantly downregulated in the rALR‐administered group. Collectively, these results suggest that ALR is involved in the response to nitrosative stress by regulating GSH/NO levels in the swamp eel.
“Too Much to Hope”: Analyzing Clergy Rhetoric on White Supremacy
Authors: Gilliland Claire Chipman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs Du Bois observed a century ago, the White Church as an institution is largely associated with maintaining the status quo of racial stratification rather than offering a progressive force. To analyze the rhetoric of predominantly White clergy on race, I analyze a sample of sermons from predominantly White congregations in Charlottesville, VA following the 2017 White supremacist rally (N = 87 sermons from 38 congregations). I find that clergy draw on individualistic, other‐worldly, and structural frameworks to explain the causes of and solutions to racism and racial violence. These frameworks carry different consequences; individualistic explanations are associated with calls for self‐examination and prayer, while seeing racism as a battle between forces comes limited individual engagement. Further, these frameworks are overlapping within the sermons, clouding the appropriate responses to racial violence. As a whole, these responses largely affirm Du Bois’ low expectations for the White Church in combatting racism and inequality.
Mechanical approach for the evaluation of the crispiness of food granular products
Authors: Boudina Imen , Delalonde Michèle , Koegel Laurène , Maraval Isabelle , Forestier‐Chiron Nelly , Domingo Romain , Ricci Julien , Sharkawi Tahmer , Rondet Eric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCrispiness of food products is a key parameter for consumer acceptance. Available methods to evaluate this attribute are subjective and have limitations. They are particularly difficult to implement when granular products are considered. The present study aims to provide a physical characterization of the crispiness of food granular products (gari and grinded corn flakes) based on the compression cycle modeling and the determination of the Py (yield pressure) parameter of the Heckel model. High Py values attributed to the brittle behavior, are indicative of product crispiness. Furthermore, Py parameter showed sensitivity to the plasticizing effect of water. This developed physical method was validated through sensory analysis and acoustic measurements which are both considered as reference methods for crispiness evaluation. The brittle/plastic behavior attributed to crispy/non crispy products respectively was confirmed through image analysis using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. The latter made it possible to distinguish the brittle from the plastic behavior through the particle size distribution evolution. This work suggests that the Py value is a relevant indicator for the crispiness evaluation of granular products. This physical characterization is expected to contribute in food engineering as an alternative method for granular products crispiness in a simpler and a more objective way.
Aedes aegyptioviposition‐sites choice under semi‐field conditions
Authors: David Mariana R. , Maciel‐de‐Freitas Rafael , Petersen Martha T. , Bray Daniel , Hawkes Frances M. , Fernández‐Grandon G. Mandela , Young Stephen , Gibson Gabriella , Hopkins Richard J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVector control is still the recommended approach to avoid arbovirus outbreaks. Herein, we investigate oviposition preferences ofAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) females under a semi‐field structure Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For that, in Experiment 1, we used two settings: ‘Single items’, which included as containers drain, beer bottle, bucket, car tyre, water tank, and a potted Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii) in a saucer with water, or ‘Multiple containers’, as an urban simulation, in which one drain, two additional beer bottles, and an extra plant pot saucer were added. Experiment 2 (sensory cues) used five variations of potted plant, each one varying in the range of sensory cues known to attract gravid females to oviposition containers. Our results indicate that gravidAe. aegyptiprefer to oviposit close to the ground and in open water containers with organic compounds from plant watering. Domestic large artificial containers containing tap water received significantly fewer eggs, except for the car tyre, which exhibited as many eggs as the potted plant. We also show that visual (potted plant shape) and olfactory clues (odour of the plant or from water containing organic matter) were equally attractive separately as were these stimuli together.
Effect of the implementation of clinical guidelines on management of candidemia in elderly patients
Authors: Lopez Natalia Vicente , Parra Jorge Calderon , Serrano Alejandro Muñoz , Villanueva Andrea Gutiérrez , de la Fuente Moral Sara , Moreno‐Torres Victor , Rubio Elena Muñez , Martínez Antonio Ramos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionMortality from candidemia is higher in elderly population than in younger patients, which may be related to suboptimal management. The aim of the present study is to evaluate adherence to the recommendations for the clinical management of candidemia in a population over 75 years before and after implementing specific training.Patients and MethodsWe recorded retrospectively data from candidemia episodes in elderly patients during two periods of time: 2010–2015 years (before training) and 2017–2022 years (after training), as well as adherence to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines, mortality and consultation to infectious disease specialists.ResultsForty‐five episodes of candidemia were recorded in the first period and 29 episodes in the second period. A better compliance to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines was observed in the second period: echocardiogram performance (75.9% vs. 48.9% p = .021), fundoscopy (65.5% vs. 44.4% p = .076), follow‐up blood cultures (72.4% vs. 42.2% p = .011), removal of central venous catheter (80% vs. 52.9% p = .080) and adequate antifungal treatment (82.6% vs. 52.6% p = .018). A trend towards lower mortality was observed during the second period (27.6% vs. 44.4% p = .144).ConclusionThe improvement of knowledge of clinical guidelines on candidemia and the participation of infectious disease specialists may increase the quality of care in elderly patients with candidemia. It would be necessary to enlarge the sample size to evaluate the real impact of this intervention on mortality.
The effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride on the bacterial burden of hospital privacy curtains
Authors: Jang Jin‐hwa , Jeong Ihn Sook , Kang Chan Mi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis quasi‐experimental study aimed to identify the effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) on bacterial burden on hospital privacy curtains. The objects were the high‐touch edges of 66 polyester curtains in inpatient wards. The decontamination was performed daily (n = 22), twice‐weekly (n = 22), or not performed (n = 22) for 28 days. The bacterial burden on the curtains was measured based on the number of bacteria, the proportion of curtains with >2.5 colony‐forming unit/cm2, and the proportion of curtains with multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs). As a result, the daily or twice‐weekly decontamination groups showed a significantly lower increase in bacterial burden than the no‐decontamination group overall and at all four posttest times. On day 28, daily decontamination showed a lower increase in the number of bacteria (p < 0.001) and proportions of curtains with >2.5 colony form units/cm2 (p < 0.001) than the no‐decontamination condition, and in the number of curtains with MDROs than twice‐weekly decontamination. In conclusion, decontamination of curtains using QAC helps reduce bacterial burden, and daily decontamination is recommended up to 28 days after installation.
Sensitization trajectories to multiple allergen components in a population‐based birth‐cohort
Authors: Farraia Mariana , Mendes Francisca Castro , Sokhatska Oksana , Severo Milton , Rufo João Cavaleiro , Barros Henrique , Moreira André 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristics of allergic sensitization profiles can differ between populations and geographic regions, contributing differently to the association with allergic diseases. Consequently, the sensitization trajectories found in previous studies conducted in Northern Europe may not apply in Southern European countries.ObjectiveTo identify trajectories of allergic sensitization profiles during childhood and evaluate the association with allergic outcomes, using data from a Portuguese birth cohort.MethodsA random sample from Generation XXI was screened for allergic sensitization at 10 years of age. Among 452 allergic sensitized children, 186 were tested with ImmunoCAP™ ISAC multiplex array that detects 112 molecular components, at three follow‐ups (4, 7, and 10 years old). Information on allergic outcomes (asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) was obtained at the 13‐year‐old follow‐up. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clusters of participants with similar sensitization profiles. Then, sensitization trajectories were defined based on the most prevalent transitions between clusters over time. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between sensitization trajectories and allergic diseases.ResultsFive trajectories were proposed: “no/few sensitizations,” “early persistent house dust mites (HDM),” “early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen,” “late grass pollen,” and “late HDM.” The “early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen” trajectory was associated with rhinitis and “early persistent HDM” with asthma and rhinitis.ConclusionDistinct sensitization trajectories pose different risks in the development of allergic diseases. These trajectories present some differences from those in Northern European countries and are important for planning adequate prevention health plans.
In vivo deglycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins in tobacco BY‐2 cells
Authors: Herman Xavier , Far Johann , Peeters Marie , Quinton Loïc , Chaumont François , Navarre Catherine 
Published: June 2023

SummaryProduction of recombinant pharmaceutical glycoproteins has been carried out in multiple expression systems. However, N‐glycosylation, which increases heterogeneity and raises safety concerns due to the presence of non‐human residues, is usually not controlled. The presence and composition of N‐glycans are also susceptible to affect protein stability, function and immunogenicity. To tackle these issues, we are developing glycoengineered Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow‐2 (BY‐2) cell lines through knock out and ectopic expression of genes involved in the N‐glycosylation pathway. Here, we report on the generation of BY‐2 cell lines producing deglycosylated proteins. To this end, endoglycosidase T was co‐expressed with an immunoglobulin G or glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus in BY‐2 cell lines producing only high mannose N‐glycans. Endoglycosidase T cleaves high mannose N‐glycans to generate single, asparagine‐linked, N‐acetylglucosamine residues. The N‐glycosylation profile of the secreted antibody was determined by mass spectrometry analysis. More than 90% of the N‐glycans at the conserved Asn297 site were deglycosylated. Likewise, extensive deglycosylation of glycoprotein B, which possesses 18 N‐glycosylation sites, was observed. N‐glycan composition of gB glycovariants was assessed by in vitro enzymatic mobility shift assay and proven to be consistent with the expected glycoforms. Comparison of IgG glycovariants by differential scanning fluorimetry revealed a significant impact of the N‐glycosylation pattern on the thermal stability. Production of deglycosylated pharmaceutical proteins in BY‐2 cells expands the set of glycoengineered BY‐2 cell lines.
The cost of leader personal financial insecurity: implications for adaptive team performance
Authors: Spoelma Trevor M. , Wu Wen , (Eric) Wu Shaoxue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn light of a global pandemic, rising inflation, and stock market uncertainty, many across the globe are experiencing financial insecurity. We build on an emerging line of research to explore the mechanisms through which leaders’ personal financial insecurity impacts the teams they lead. We draw on compensatory control theory to theorize that leaders’ personal financial insecurity has a negative indirect effect on adaptive team performance because more insecurity is associated with less perceived personal control, to which leaders respond by implementing a more hierarchical decision‐making authority structure in their teams. Integrating the social identity theory of leadership, we theorize that this effect is stronger when the leaders are more prototypical of their team. Evidence from three multi‐wave, multi‐source field studies including leaders and their teams and an online experiment supports our model. By uncovering how a leader's perceived financial state impacts those they lead, our work adds to the growing bottom‐line case for why organizations should care about supporting their employees’ financial health.
Physical fitness trends in a nationally representative sample of Portuguese youth: What has changed from 2008 to 2018?
Authors: Rosa Gil B. , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Magalhães João P. , Correia Inês R. , Pinto Graça M. , Ferreira José P. , Coelho‐e‐Silva Manuel J. , Raimundo Armando M. , Mota Jorge , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis investigation aimed to describe the current physical fitness (PF) status of Portuguese youth, compare secular trends from 2008 and 2018, and establish updated age‐ and sex‐specific percentile values for distinct PF tests. In 2008 and 2018, 22 048 and 8960 children and adolescents (10–18 years) were included in two national cross‐sectional investigations. PF was evaluated using the FITESCOLA® battery tests and the handgrip strength test. Independent sample t‐tests and chi‐squared tests were used to model the results. Weight smoothed percentile values were calculated using Cole's Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma (LMS) method. All analyses were weighted according to age, sex, and geographic region. In 2018, boys surpassed girls in the 20‐m shuttle run, curl‐ups, push‐ups, standing long, and vertical jump tests, while girls performed better in the sit‐and‐reach (p < 0.05). The percentage of boys and girls meeting the healthy zone in the 20‐min shuttle run test did not differ between 2008 and 2018 (p ≥ 0.05). In boys, a higher percentage fell in the healthy zone for the curl‐up and push‐up tests in 2018 compared to 2008 (85.8% vs. 83.4%, and 57.8% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.05). Girls improved their flexibility component (sit‐and‐reach test), with a higher percentage meeting the healthy zone in 2018 (32.6% vs. 36.9%; p < 0.05); an opposite trend was seen for boys (65.5% vs. 50.1%; p < 0.05). The present investigation provides new and updated PF percentile curves for Portuguese youth, which can be used as a general overview of the current PF state among the Portuguese young population.
Theoretical and methodological directions in mindset intervention research
Authors: Canning Elizabeth A. , Limeri Lisa B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrowth mindset interventions directed at students aim to change students' beliefs about the malleability of ability. These interventions have had mixed results, with some showing impressive findings (e.g., improving grades and persistence in science and closing performance gaps), while other implementations have shown null findings. This heterogeneity suggests that growth mindset interventions should not be viewed as a sole solution for improving educational outcomes for students and that further research is needed to identify the contextual factors that influence their effectiveness. We propose new theoretical directions in mindset research that adopts an anti‐deficit model and moves away from focusing exclusively on students and their belief systems. Instead, we encourage a new wave of mindset research that considers the institutional, cultural, and contextual environment that either corroborates or negates students' mindset beliefs. We propose a new approach to mindset research that emphasizes innovative approaches to better understand the conditions under which mindset interventions are effective.
Positioning Asian Americans in social cognition
Authors: Goh Jin X. , Lei Ryan F. , Zou Linda X. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAsian Americans are increasingly positioned at the center of current events, yet extant theories and approaches in social psychology (and social cognition specifically) may not adequately capture how Asian Americans are perceived and treated in the current American racial landscape. We propose three directions to propel social cognition research on Asian Americans. First, research emphasizes Asian Americans' perceived high status (e.g., the model minority stereotype) while often overlooking their perceived foreignness. The two‐dimensionalRacial Position Modelelucidates the consequences of being stereotyped as perpetual foreigners for Asian Americans and their relations with other racial and ethnic groups. Second, research and laypeople alike consider East Asian Americans to be the prototypical Asian Americans, thereby excluding subgroups such as South and Southeast Asian Americans. Considering theethnic diversityof Asian Americans challenges and extends existing social psychological theories. Lastly, much of psychological research approaches race in isolation without considering its intersection with other identities such as gender. Anintersectional frameworkoffers insights into how Asian Americans' gender and race overlap in our social cognition. More nuanced research on Asian Americans is needed to fully understand race relations in the 21st century and we hope these three interconnected directions can guide researchers who are interested in the topic.
Trichoscopy pattern in alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Alsenaid Adel , Alhetheli Ghadah , Abd Elneam Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of alopecia areata (AA) has increased over the last few decades. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive procedure performed in dermatology clinics and is a helpful tool in determining the correct diagnosis of hair loss presentations.ObjectiveThrough mapping the researches that have been done to represent the spectrum of trichoscopic findings in AA and to identify the most characteristic patterns.MethodsThirty‐nine studies were eligible for the quantitative analysis. Meta‐analysis and subgroup analysis were performed.ResultsThirty‐nine studies (29 cross‐sectional, five retrospective, two descriptive, one case series, one observational, and one cohort) with a total of 3204 patients were included. About 66.7% of the studies were from Asia, 25.6% from Europe, and 7.7% from Africa. The most characteristic trichoscopic findings of AA were as follows; yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs.ConclusionThere is no single pathognomonic diagnostic trichoscopic finding in AA rather than a constellation of characteristic findings. The five most characteristic trichoscopic findings in AA are: yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs. Yellow dots and short vellus hairs considered the most sensitive clues for AA, while black dots and tapering hairs are the most specific ones. Furthermore, trichoscopy is a useful tool that allows monitoring of response during the treatment of AA. Treatment responded cases will show an increase in short vellus hairs, but loss of tapering hairs, broken hairs, and black dots, while yellow dots are the least responsive to the treatment.