bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptions of a new genus and a new species, Grylloprimevala jilina (Grylloblattidae) from China
Authors: Zhou Lin , Chen Qi , Ke Haoqin , Wang Zizhuo , Peng Jie , Wu Donghui , Liu Ying , Feng Jiang , Ren Bingzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe erected a new genus (Grylloprimevala Zhou & Ren gen. nov.) and defined a new species (Grylloprimevala jilina Zhou & Ren sp. nov.) from a natural cave in the primeval forest of Jilin Province, China, according to the morphological, behavioral, and molecular evidence. Grylloprimevala gen. nov. is distinguishable from other genera of Grylloblattodea primarily by morphological characters, including the slightly concave posterior margin of the pronotum and no poorly sclerotized zones, six intramarginal and nine intermarginal setae on the cervical sclerite, one tooth on the lacinia, no pulvilli on tarsal segments, and a symmetrical epiproct with a pointed triangular and middle‐depressed median projection on the posterior margin. Based on the morphological features mentioned above, we further identified a new species, G. jilina sp. nov. At the aspect of behavior, G. jilina sp. nov. displays the typical characteristics of troglobites, including degraded visual senses, developed body surface sensors, and predation between individuals. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses also supported the morphological delimitation of G. jilina sp. nov. due to the separate clade of G. jilina sp. nov. Our results provide materials for the determination and conservation of Grylloblattodea in China.
A multiscale landscape approach for prioritizing river and stream protection and restoration actions
Authors: Riato Luisa , Leibowitz Scott G. , Weber Marc H. , Hill Ryan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRiver and stream conservation programs have historically focused on a single spatial scale, for example, a watershed or stream site. Recently, the use of landscape information (e.g., land use and land cover) at multiple spatial scales and over large spatial extents has highlighted the importance of incorporating a landscape perspective into stream protection and restoration activities. Previously, we developed a novel framework that links information about watershed‐, catchment‐, and reach‐scale integrity with stream biological condition using scatterplots and a landscape integrity map. Here we examined an application of this approach for streams in urban and other settings in King County, Washington State, United States, where we related stream macroinvertebrate condition to two indices of landscape integrity, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) nationally available Index of Watershed Integrity (IWI) and Index of Catchment Integrity (ICI). We generated a scatterplot of IWI versus ICI for sample sites, where points represented site macroinvertebrate condition from poor to good. The same data were also visualized as a landscape integrity map that displayed catchments of King County according to the level of watershed and catchment integrity (high or low IWI/ICI). Almost three‐quarters of poor‐condition sites were associated with high‐integrity watersheds and catchments (i.e., underperforming sites), which suggested that either one or both national indicators were insufficient for this area, and that sites underperformed because of local‐scale factors. In response, we used a catchment‐scale indicator related to forest condition (PctForestCat) after examining several GIS‐based dispersal indicators from the National Hydrography Dataset and other candidates from the USEPA's StreamCat dataset. We then compared the results of the scatterplots and maps based on the current and original analyses and found that many of the sites previously classified as underperforming now performed as expected, that is, they were poor‐condition sites in poor‐condition catchments. This analysis demonstrates how results based on a national dataset can be improved by developing an alternative that represents regionally important stressors. The methods used to develop an effective landscape indicator based on StreamCat datasets, and the utility of the multiscale approach, could provide important tools for prioritizing, optimizing, and communicating stream conservation actions.
Performance analysis of single‐pass solar air heater thermal collector with adding porous media and finned plate
Authors: Alomar Omar Rafae , Salih Mothana M. Mohamed , Abd Hareth Maher 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe recent study encompasses a practical inspect on adding porous material above absorber flat plate having fins to improve the effectiveness of solar air heater (SAH) collector along with forced air circulation process. The efficiency of the altered model and conventional SAH system is compared at the same time to display the impacts of adding porous material. The model that used porous material is called Model‐2, whereas the conventional SAH is called Model‐1. The measuring data is collected in January 2021 in Iraq (Mosul city). Outcomes emphasize that the effectiveness of altered model is better than traditional model by 7% for all air mass flow rates values. The highest efficiency is obtained equal 67% for Model‐2 and 60% for Model‐1 for mass flow rate 0.02 kg/s. For all mass flow rate values, a substantially change in temperature is observed in altered system as compared to traditional system, where the exhaust temperature of Model‐2 is higher than Model‐1. The improvement in the effectiveness of Model‐2 demonstrates that the employ of porous material has an extreme action on the heat exchange and subsequently heat transfer rate.
Classifying Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using machine learning with cross‐sectional and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Contador José , Juncà‐Parella Jordi , Bosch Beatriz , Borrell Laia , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Falgàs Neus , Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Bargalló Nuria , Rami Lorena , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Sala‐Llonch Roser 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are common causes of dementia with partly overlapping, symptoms and brain signatures. There is a need to establish an accurate diagnosis and to obtain markers for disease tracking. We combined unsupervised and supervised machine learning to discriminate between AD and FTD using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We included baseline 3T‐T1 MRI data from 339 subjects: 99 healthy controls (CTR), 153 AD and 87 FTD patients; and 2‐year follow‐up data from 114 subjects. We obtained subcortical gray matter volumes and cortical thickness measures using FreeSurfer. We used dimensionality reduction to obtain a single feature that was later used in a support vector machine for classification. Discrimination patterns were obtained with the contribution of each region to the single feature. Our algorithm differentiated CTR versus AD and CTR versus FTD at the cross‐sectional level with 83.3% and 82.1% of accuracy. These increased up to 90.0% and 88.0% with longitudinal data. When we studied the classification between AD versus FTD we obtained an accuracy of 63.3% at the cross‐sectional level and 75.0% for longitudinal data. The AD versus FTD versus CTR classification has reached an accuracy of 60.7%, and 71.3% for cross‐sectional and longitudinal data respectively. Disease discrimination brain maps are in concordance with previous results obtained with classical approaches. By using a single feature, we were capable to classify CTR, AD, and FTD with good accuracy, considering the inherent overlap between diseases. Importantly, the algorithm can be used with cross‐sectional and longitudinal data.
Antithrombotic treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage: Surveys among stroke physicians in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Forfang Elisabeth , Larsen Kristin Tveitan , Salman Rustam Al‐Shahi , Bell Simon M. , Wester Per , Berge Eivind , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Rønning Ole Morten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIt is unclear whether patients with previous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) should receive antithrombotic treatment to prevent ischemic events. We assessed stroke physicians' opinions about this, and their views on randomizing patients in trials assessing this question.MethodsWe conducted three web‐based surveys among stroke physicians in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom.ResultsEighty‐nine of 205 stroke physicians (43%) responded to the Scandinavian survey, 161 of 180 (89%) to the UK antiplatelet survey, and 153 of 289 (53%) to the UK anticoagulant survey. In Scandinavia, 19 (21%) stroke physicians were uncertain about antiplatelet treatment after ICH for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 21 (24%) for prior myocardial infarction. In the United Kingdom, 116 (77%) were uncertain for ischemic stroke or TIA and 115 (717%) for ischemic heart disease. In Scandinavia, 32 (36%) were uncertain about anticoagulant treatment after ICH for atrial fibrillation, and 26 (29%) for recurrent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. In the United Kingdom, 145 (95%) were uncertain about anticoagulants after ICH in at least some cases. In both regions combined, 191 of 250 (76%) would consider randomizing ICH survivors in a trial of starting versus avoiding antiplatelets, and 176 of 242 (73%) in a trial of starting versus avoiding anticoagulants.ConclusionConsiderable proportions of stroke physicians in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom were uncertain about antithrombotic treatment after ICH. A clear majority would consider randomizing patients in trials assessing this question. These findings support the need for such trials.
Image reconstruction based on a modified bird swarm optimization algorithm for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Yanyan Shi , Yuhang Zhang , Meng Wang , Zhen Gao , Meng Dai , Feng Fu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a potential and promising tomographic technique. It is known that image reconstruction of EIT is mathematically an ill‐posed inverse problem that leads to poor reconstruction quality. To improve the quality of reconstructed images, a novel image reconstruction method based on modified bird swarm optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper. An image of conductivity distribution acquired by Newton's one‐step error reconstruction algorithm performs as initial population. Then a modified bird swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the initial conductivity distribution. By introducing a dynamic inertia weight parameter, flight interval of the bird swarm varies with the number of iterations. With the proposed method, a strong global search capability in the initial stage and a strong local search capability in the later stage are ensured during the optimization. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation work and experimental validation are carried out. Also, reconstructed images are compared with the results obtained by iterative Landweber method and Newton–Raphson method. Meanwhile, the impact of noise on the reconstruction is investigated. The simulation and experimental results have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed method in visualizing conductivity distribution.
Targeting lamb survival in commercial flocks: inspiring and effecting change
Authors: Gascoigne Emily , Corbishley Alexander , Davies Peers 
Published: January 2023

Background: The neonatal period is acknowledged to be the riskiest phase of rearing for the loss of lambs with adaption to the extrautero world, an appropriate environment, successful passive transfer, overcoming the threat of pathogen challenge and a strong maternal‐neonatal interaction essential for success. Unfortunately, despite significant research and focus on this phase, there haven't been significant improvements in lamb survival in recent years.Aim of the article: This article considers the obstacles to implementing change on sheep farms and reviews the evidence base for recommendations to be used on farm.
Assessment and management of the neonatal foal
Authors: Halliwell Lizzie , Chidlow Hayley 
Published: January 2023

Background: Neonatal care can seem daunting to the equine veterinary practitioner, particularly in practices without a high stud medicine caseload, meaning visits to newborn foals are infrequent. Deciding when to refer and when field treatment is likely to be adequate can be difficult. Clinical signs of disease can be subtle and deterioration rapid. Accurate assessment and early recognition of problems are crucial in successful treatment, as is education of owners about when to seek veterinary intervention.Aim of the article: This article provides practical guidelines on how to accurately assess the newborn foal in the field within the first 24 hours of life, including common early warning signs, and when referral should be advised.
Performing surgery in goats. Part 1: preparation and regional anaesthesia
Authors: Dustan Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Background: The population of goats within the UK continues to rise and, according to latest Defra figures, now totals approximately 111,000 animals. With this comes the increasing likelihood that general practitioners will have something to do with these fascinating and characterful farmed species. The UK goat sector is one of the most diverse within the agricultural setting, being comprised of three main commercial wings: dairy, meat and fibre, and the remainder spread across pedigree and/or show stock, public attraction stock, small holder stock and those kept exclusively as pets. All these different settings have multiple and intertwining crossovers, which means the manner in which our caprine patients are kept, handled, managed and cared for can be equally disparate. The general practitioner must be aware of the circumstances and surroundings in which the animals are kept. Additionally, goats are generally of a gregarious and hierarchical nature, which can lead them into harm's way or mischief, and may necessitate various veterinary interventions.Aim of the article: This article, the first in a two part series, aims to equip general veterinary practitioners with the necessary knowledge and top tips for performing regional anaesthetic techniques in this species, while also highlighting how to stay on the right side of the law when it comes to available pharmaceuticals.
Telomere integrated scoring system of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Park Hee Sue , Im Kyongok , Shin Dong‐Yeop , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Kwon Sunghoon , Kim Suhng Wook , Lee Dong Soon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecently, multigene target sequencing is widely performed for the purpose of prognostic prediction and application of targeted therapy. Here, we proposed a new scoring system that encompasses gene variations, telomere length, and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) together in Asian myelodysplastic syndrome.MethodsWe developed a new scoring model of these variables: age ≥ 65 years + IPSS‐R score + ASXL1 mutation + TP53 mutation + Telomere length (<5.37). According to this new scoring system, patients were divided into four groups: very good score cutoff (≤3.0), good (3.0–4.5), poor (4.5–7.0), and very poor (>7.0).ResultsThe median OS was 170.1, 100.4, 46.0, and 12.0 months for very good, good, poor, and very poor, retrospectively (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, according to the conventional IPSS‐R scoring system, the median OS was 141.3, 50.2, 93.0, 36.0, and 16.2 months for very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high, retrospectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe newly developed model incorporating molecular variations and TL yielded more clear separations of the survival curves. By adding the presence of gene mutation and telomere length to the existing IPSS‐R, its predictive ability can be further improved in myelodysplastic syndrome.
A national survey of dental hygiene faculty perspectives on diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Cahoon Marija L. , Westphal Theile Cheryl M. , Allegrante John P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTo investigate potential unconscious bias among dental hygiene educators and identify baseline perceptions of race and racism.MethodsDental hygiene programs in the USA were clustered into 4 geographic regions from which 2 programs were sampled from each region. The 20‐item, Color‐Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) electronic survey was sent to educators from each of the selected programs in 2022. The CoBRAS instrument measures contemporary racism and stereotyping in 3 subcategories: Unawareness of Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination, and Blatant Racial Issues. Scores range from 20‐120, with higher scores indicating elevated levels of denial of racism. Descriptive statistics and one‐way ANOVA were performed. The level of significance was set to α = 0.05.ResultsOf the 172 potential respondents, 89 (52%) completed all of the survey questions. The majority of the respondents were White, female and from the Northeast (74.2%, 93.3%, and 61.8% respectively). The mean CoBRAS score (55.73) indicated moderate levels of color‐blind racial attitudes. Race was a significant variable in perceptions of racial dynamics and racism with statistically significant differences between groups by race and ethnicity as demonstrated by one‐way ANOVA (F[6,82] = 3.469, p = 0.004).ConclusionsModerate levels of color‐blind racial attitudes among dental hygiene educators were found, indicating a presence of cognitive aspects of stereotyping related to race. The demographic data collected adds to the existing evidence of a lack of diversity among dental hygiene faculty.
Rapport‐building: Chat versus in‐person witness interviews
Authors: Hoogesteyn Katherine , Verigin Brianna L. , Finnick Danielle , Meijer Ewout H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTactics recommended for rapport‐building consist of verbal (e.g., finding common ground or shared experiences) and non‐verbal (e.g., affirmations, displaying empathy) behaviours. Most of the research on rapport, however, has examined it in in‐person contexts, where both verbal and non‐verbal behaviours are present. In this study, we were interested in the effectiveness of rapport‐building when conducting online witness interviews via chat, which de‐emphasises the use non‐verbal rapport behaviours, compared to traditional in‐person interviews. Participants (N = 131) experienced a virtual reality (VR) scenario depicting a mock crime and were interviewed either in person or online via the chat function in Skype. Participants perceived rapport more positively when interviewed in person for three measures: attentiveness, trust and respect and expertise. Two other measures, cultural similarity and connected flow, were not perceived differently across interview medium. Participants interviewed online via chat disclosed similar amounts of crime‐related information and were just as accurate as participants interviewed in person. We found that in‐person interviews yielded better rapport ratings than interviews via chat but were equally productive in terms of the quality of information obtained, as measured by crime‐related details and accuracy. If witnesses are to be interviewed via chat, investigators must carefully consider how to compensate for the lack of those non‐verbal rapport tactics that influence witnesses' perceptions of attentiveness, trust/respect and investigator's expertise.
Digital radiography reject analysis: A comparison between two radiology departments in New Zealand
Authors: Bantas Gabriela , Sweeney Rhonda‐Joy , Mdletshe Sibusiso 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionImage reject analysis (RA) in direct digital radiography (DDR) is an important quality indicator tool. Analysis of rejected images is a component of quality assurance (QA) programmes, with the overall aim of reducing patient radiation dose. This study aimed to compare differences in image rejection rates (RR) and the reasons for rejection between two radiology departments.MethodsA retrospective quantitative descriptive study of images performed across the two radiology departments (RAD 1 and RAD 2) acquired with DDR systems between the beginning of February and the end of May 2021 was undertaken. Collected data included the medical imaging technologist (MIT) selection of image rejection reasons for different anatomic regions and compared between the two radiology departments.ResultsA total of 47,046 images and 29,279 images were acquired at RAD 1 and RAD 2, respectively, with an overall image rejection rate of 7.86% at RAD 1 and 5.91% at RAD 2. The primary reason for image rejections was positioning errors, 79.4% and 77.3% recorded at RAD 1 and RAD 2, respectively. Significant differences were demonstrated between the two radiology departments for image rejection rates and selected reasons for rejection for most anatomical body groups.ConclusionThe implementation of image RA remains a key part of QA in radiology departments utilising DDR systems. This study recommends interventions based on image RRs for examinations taking into consideration the department‐specific variations and imaging protocols used.
Evaluation of corn steep liquor as fermentation media for recombinant Lactococcus lactis producing antifreeze proteins
Authors: Byanju Bibek , Sen Swastik , Mansell Thomas , Lamsal Buddhi P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorn processing byproducts corn steep liquor (CSL), and thin stillage were evaluated as growth media for recombinant Lactococcus lactis modified to produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that could have important food and non‐food applications. The AFP III sequence from ocean pout was cloned into a shuttle vector to make an expression vector that facilitated the production of recombinant AFP III in Lactococcus lactis. Light CSL from yellow dent corn and thin stillage from the industrial corn bioethanol process were optimized as fermentation media with a combination of the following additives and trace elements: disodium‐β‐glycerophosphate (DG), tryptone (T), ascorbic acid (AA), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg). The growth of wild‐type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains were compared over a 72 h period in 96‐well plates and 250 mL shake flasks.RESULTSThe corn coproducts media consisting of 50% (v/v) light steep in water supplemented with DG‐5 g L−1, T‐5 g L−1, AA‐0.5 g L−1, and Zn‐4 ppm resulted in best growth and was considered as the best‐optimized media. The addition of additives and trace elements better supported the growth of both wild‐type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains compared to control media without any additives. Respective fermentation supernatants were frozen to −20 °C, and the time to supercool and freeze was compared. A distinct supercooling effect was observed for the supernatants from recombinant strains thus, extending the time and temperature of supercooling and freezing. The maximum time of supercooling extended was 17.55 ± 4.45 min for thin stillage followed by M17 media (17.25 ± 4.45 min), Kent Corporation CSL (10.80 ± 2.12 min), and yellow dent CSL (6.9 ± 0.85 min) when fermented with recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains.CONCLUSIONThe supplemented corn coproduct‐based media enhanced the growth of both wild‐type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains. These optimized media can replace or supplement more expensive media (e.g. M17), potentially reducing cost. The fermentation supernatants exhibited longer times to supercool, and freeze compared to control supernatants, indicating potential use as antifreeze compounds in frozen food and non‐food applications. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.