bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances to Stabilize Photoactive Phase of FAPbI3 Perovskite†
Authors: Li Kailin , Zhou Huanping 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryRecently, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials have drawn widespread attention because of their outstanding optoelectrical properties (i.e., high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion distance), hence they are suitable light‐absorbing materials for photovoltaic application. Among all perovskite materials, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) based solar cells exhibit impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) at laboratory stage, showing great potential to compete with silicon‐based solar cell. However, FAPbI3 still suffers from poor phase stability which is the prior problem that needs to be addressed before its further commercialization. To be precise, the photoactive phase (α phase) is thermodynamically metastable at room temperature, which not only makes α phase tend to transform into photoinactive phase (δ phase), but also causes competitive crystallization between two phases during the film preparation process, making it hard to fabricate pure α‐FAPbI3 films. In our review, we summarized key factors that are vital for obtaining high‐quality FAPbI3 perovskite thin films and enhancing the stability of FAPbI3 photoactive phase. First of all, precursor solution stability is of great importance since the conditions of precursor solution determine the nucleation and crystal growth process of perovskite. By introducing coordinating additives, using FAPbI3 single crystal as raw material or applying co‐solution strategy, the impurities formed by side reaction during precursor solution aging can be effectively suppressed, thus the stability of FAPbI3 solution can be greatly prolonged. Second, the crystallization kinetics of FAPbI3 have been systematically manipulated to obtain dense and large grain size perovskite films. Through introducing intermediate phase, regulating the surface energy, and retarding the crystal growth of FAPbI3 in crystallization process, not only films without pinholes and fewer grain boundaries can be obtained, the pre‐formed δ phase at room temperature can also be well‐suppressed, thus high‐quality α‐FAPbI3 films can be obtained. Third, how to thermodynamically enhance the phase stability of acquired FAPbI3 film has been extensively studied. The Gibbs free energy of FAPbI3 photoactive phase can be reduced through composition engineering, dimension engineering and external additives engineering, hence the phase transition barrier from α phase to δ phase has been significantly improved, which further enhance the phase stability of α‐FAPbI3. Lastly, we pointed out challenges of each method and proposed potential applications of mentioned strategies on improving the stability of all kinds of perovskite materials, thus further boost the commercialization of perovskite solar cell devices.
Tobacco use and cancer‐related symptom burden: Analysis of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: Price Sarah N. , Palmer Amanda M. , Fucito Lisa M. , Graboyes Evan M. , Baker Nathaniel L. , Rojewski Alana M. , Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between tobacco use and symptom burden may inform tobacco treatment interventions tailored to the needs of individuals with cancer.MethodsThe study included 1409 adult cancer survivors from Wave 5 of the US Food and Drug Administration Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. A multivariate analysis of variance controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity assessed the association of cigarette smoking and vaping on cancer‐related symptom burden (fatigue, pain, emotional problems) and quality of life (QoL). Generalized linear mixed models controlling for the same factors were used to assess associations among symptom burden, QoL, and quit‐smoking intentions, quit‐smoking likelihood, and past 12‐month smoking quit attempts.ResultsWeighted rates of current cigarette smoking and vaping were 14.21% and 2.88%, respectively. Current smoking was associated with greater fatigue (p < .0001; partial η

2
= .02), pain (p < .0001; partial η

2
= .08), emotional problems (p < .0001; partial η

2
= .02), and worse QoL (p < .0001; partial η

2
= .08). Current vaping was associated with greater fatigue (p = .001; partial η

2
= .008), pain (p = .009; partial η

2
= .005), and emotional problems (p = .04; partial η

2
= .003), but not worse QoL (p = .17). Higher cancer symptom burden was not associated with reduced interest in quitting, likelihood of quitting, or odds of past year quit attempts (p > .05 for each).ConclusionsAmong adults with cancer, current smoking and vaping were associated with greater symptom burden. Survivors' interest in and intentions to quit smoking were not related to symptom burden. Future research should examine the role of tobacco cessation in improving symptom burden and QoL.
Localization of relaxin‐like gonad‐stimulating peptide expression in starfish reveals the gonoducts as a source for its role as a regulator of spawning
Authors: Feng Yuling , Piñon Gonzalez Victor M. , Lin Ming , Egertová Michaela , Mita Masatoshi , Elphick Maurice R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOocyte maturation and gamete release (spawning) in starfish are triggered by relaxin‐like gonad‐stimulating peptide (RGP), a neuropeptide that was first isolated from the radial nerve cords of these animals. Hitherto, it has generally been assumed that the radial nerve cords are the source of RGP that triggers spawning physiologically. To investigate other sources of RGP, here we report the first comprehensive anatomical analysis of its expression, using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to map RGP precursor transcripts and RGP, respectively, in the starfish Asterias rubens. Cells expressing RGP precursor transcripts were revealed in the ectoneural epithelium of the radial nerve cords and circumoral nerve ring, arm tips, tube feet, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, and, most notably, gonoducts. Using specific antibodies to A. rubens RGP, immunostaining was revealed in cells and/or fibers in the ectoneural region of the radial nerve cords and circumoral nerve ring, tube feet, terminal tentacle and other arm tip‐associated structures, body wall, peristomial membrane, esophagus, cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, pyloric caeca, and gonoducts. Our discovery that RGP is expressed in the gonoducts of A. rubens proximal to its gonadotropic site of action in the gonads is important because it provides a new perspective on how RGP may act as a gonadotropin in starfish. Thus, we hypothesize that it is the release of RGP from the gonoducts that triggers gamete maturation and spawning in starfish, while RGP produced in other parts of the body may regulate other physiological/behavioral processes.
Glucose‐hexamethylenetetramine‐derived Co, N Co‐doped Carbon Nanoflowers with Encapsulated Co@Co3O4 as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zinc‐air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiangtai , Hu Shuozhen , Zhang Mingyuan , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important issue for zinc‐air batteries. In this study, HMT‐Co/G‐700 catalyst with nanoflower structure and Co, N co‐doped carbon encapsulated Co@Co3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized from D‐glucose, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), and Co(NO3)2. HMT is presented as the complex to uniformly disperse Co@Co3O4 nanoparticles, dope nitrogen, and create the nanoflower structure. The nanoflower structure enhances high surface area to expose the active sites. The formation of Co3O4 via mild oxidation of Co surface provides oxygen vacancies to adsorb O2. HMT‐Co/G‐700 catalyst exhibits excellent ORR electrocatalytic property, i. e. high onset potential (1.03 V), high half‐wave potential (0.83 V), low Tafel slope (85.9 mV dec−1), and superior OER activity. Especially, the HMT‐Co/G‐700 catalyst assembled rechargeable zinc‐air battery present high‐power density (111.0 mW cm−2) and long cycle life at 10 mA cm−2 (576 cycles).
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Brivaracetam in Healthy Elderly Participants
Authors: Stockis Armel , Nicolas Jean‐Marie , Sargentini‐Maier Maria Laura , Krauwinkel Walter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics, metabolism, safety, and tolerability of the antiseizure medication brivaracetam (BRV) were characterized in 16 healthy elderly participants (8 men/8 women) aged 65–78 years who received a single 200‐mg oral dose of BRV on day 1, followed by 200 mg twice daily from day 3 until day 12. BRV and three metabolites were determined in plasma and urine. Adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, general and neurological examinations, and psychometric rating scales were recorded at regular intervals. No clinically relevant changes or abnormalities were detected. The adverse events were similar to those observed in pivotal trials. Rating scales indicated transiently increased sedation and decreased alertness. BRV pharmacokinetics and metabolism were unchanged relative to younger populations. Based on our observations in this healthy elderly population receiving oral BRV 200 mg twice daily (twice the maximum recommended dose), dose reductions are not warranted relative to other, younger populations. Further investigations may be necessary in frail elderly populations aged >80 years.
Crystal Growth and Photoelectric Properties of Dimethylammonium Doped CsPbBr3
Authors: Guo Xiaoling , Xie Huidong , Zhang Ruiqing , Tang Zuobin , Wang Kangkang , Yang Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are widely studied in photoluminescence and photodetection applications owing to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. The optoelectronic properties and stability of the material can be improved by the modification of the A‐site ions doping. Herein, a series of dimethylammonium (DMA) doped CsPbBr3 single crystals, Cs1−xDMAxPbBr3 (x = 0.1–0.4), is prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The phase, density, infrared spectra, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, fluorescence spectra, and photoelectric response of the Cs1−xDMAxPbBr3 series are tested. The results show that as the DMA content increases, the lattice parameters increase, while the bandgap energy and the density decrease when x ≤ 0.3. The A‐site doping of DMA improves the optoelectronic properties of the crystals and shows the greatest photocurrent response at x = 0.1.
The impact of green training on employee turnover intention and customer satisfaction: An integrated perspective
Authors: Han Jung Woo , Kok Seng Kiat , McClelland Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study aims to examine (1) the impact of green training on green experience, employee satisfaction, turnover intention, and customer satisfaction and (2) its implication on Green HRM effectiveness in the hospitality sector. A quantitative method was utilized to test a path model (PLS‐SEM). Two sets of questionnaires (for employee and customer sides) were developed for the hospitality sector to measure the causations between green training, employee turnover, and customer satisfaction. The findings suggest (1) green training creates green experience, (2) green experience influences both employee and customer satisfaction, (3) However, employee satisfaction did not affect turnover intention and customer satisfaction subsequently. The current study implies that investing in green training should be considered a tool of strategic hospitality management since the finding suggests that green training improves the overall performance of the hospitality sector with some limitations. Moreover, this paper reduced the literature gaps by constructing and empirically testing an integrated path model of green training on employee and customer experience, illustrating the impact of green training through the shared green experience forming the two stakeholders' experience and their interactions.
Wildfire facilitates upslope advance in a shade‐intolerant but not a shade‐tolerant conifer
Authors: Brodie Emily G. , Stewart Joseph A. E. , Winsemius Sara , Miller Jesse E. D. , Latimer Andrew M. , Safford Hugh D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWildfires may facilitate climate tracking of forest species moving upslope or north in latitude. For subalpine tree species, for which higher elevation habitat is limited, accelerated replacement by lower elevation montane tree species following fire may hasten extinction risk. We used a dataset of postfire tree regeneration spanning a broad geographic range to ask whether the fire facilitated upslope movement of montane tree species at the montane‐to‐subalpine ecotone. We sampled tree seedling occurrence in 248 plots across a fire severity gradient (unburned to >90% basal area mortality) and spanning ~500 km of latitude in Mediterranean‐type subalpine forest in California, USA. We used logistic regression to quantify differences in postfire regeneration between resident subalpine species and the seedling‐only range (interpreted as climate‐induced range extension) of montane species. We tested our assumption of increasing climatic suitability for montane species in subalpine forest using the predicted difference in habitat suitability at study plots between 1990 and 2030. We found that postfire regeneration of resident subalpine species was uncorrelated or weakly positively correlated with fire severity. Regeneration of montane species, however, was roughly four times greater in unburned relative to burned subalpine forest. Although our overall results contrast with theoretical predictions of disturbance‐facilitated range shifts, we found opposing postfire regeneration responses for montane species with distinct regeneration niches. Recruitment of shade‐tolerant red fir declined with fire severity and recruitment of shade‐intolerant Jeffrey pine increased with fire severity. Predicted climatic suitability increased by 5% for red fir and 34% for Jeffrey pine. Differing postfire responses in newly climatically available habitats indicate that wildfire disturbance may only facilitate range extensions for species whose preferred regeneration conditions align with increased light and/or other postfire landscape characteristics.
A pilot multiple‐baseline study of a mobile cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of eating disorders in university students
Authors: Bohrer Brittany K. , Chen Yiyang , Christensen Kara A. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Thomeczek Marianna L. , Richson Brianne N. , Chapa Danielle A. N. , Jarmolowicz David P. , Gould Sara R. , Negi Sonakshi , Perko Victoria L. , Morgan Robert William 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality that are prevalent among university students. Because many students do not receive treatment due to lack of access on university campuses, mobile‐health (mHealth) adaptations of evidence‐based treatments represent an opportunity to increase treatment accessibility and engagement. The purpose of this study was to test the initial efficacy of Building Healthy Eating and Self‐Esteem Together for University Students (BEST‐U), which is a 10‐week mHealth self‐guided cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT‐gsh) app that is paired with a brief 25–30‐min weekly telehealth coaching, for reducing ED psychopathology in university students.MethodA non‐concurrent multiple‐baseline design (N = 8) was used to test the efficacy of BEST‐U for reducing total ED psychopathology (primary outcome), ED‐related behaviors and cognitions (secondary outcomes), and ED‐related clinical impairment (secondary outcome). Data were examined using visual analysis and Tau‐BC effect‐size calculations.ResultsBEST‐U significantly reduced total ED psychopathology and binge eating, excessive exercise, and restriction (effect sizes ranged from −0.39 to −0.92). Although body dissatisfaction decreased, it was not significant. There were insufficient numbers of participants engaging in purging to evaluate purging outcomes. Clinical impairment significantly reduced from pre‐to‐post‐treatment.DiscussionThe current study provided initial evidence that BEST‐U is a potentially efficacious treatment for reducing ED symptoms and ED‐related clinical impairment. Although larger‐scale randomized controlled trials are needed, BEST‐U may represent an innovative, scalable tool that could reach greater numbers of underserved university students than traditional intervention‐delivery models.Public SignificanceUsing a single‐case experimental design, we found evidence for the initial efficacy of a mobile guided‐self‐help cognitive‐behavioral therapy program for university students with non‐low weight binge‐spectrum eating disorders. Participants reported significant reductions in ED symptoms and impairment after completion of the 10‐week program. Guided self‐help programs show promise for filling an important need for treatment among university students with an ED.
Spatial predictions of tree density and tree height across Mexico forests using ensemble learning and forest inventory data
Authors: Barreras Aylin , Alanís de la Rosa José Armando , Mayorga Rafael , Cuenca Rubi , Moreno‐G César , Godínez Carlos , Delgado Carina , Soriano‐Luna Maria de los Ángeles , George Stephanie , Aldrete‐Leal Metzli Ileana , Medina Sandra , Romero Johny , Villela Sergio , Lister Andrew , Sheridan Rachel , Flores Rafael , Crowther Thomas W. , Guevara Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe National Forestry Commission of Mexico continuously monitors forest structure within the country's continental territory by the implementation of the National Forest and Soils Inventory (INFyS). Due to the challenges involved in collecting data exclusively from field surveys, there are spatial information gaps for important forest attributes. This can produce bias or increase uncertainty when generating estimates required to support forest management decisions. Our objective is to predict the spatial distribution of tree height and tree density in all Mexican forests. We performed wall‐to‐wall spatial predictions of both attributes in 1‐km grids, using ensemble machine learning across each forest type in Mexico. Predictor variables include remote sensing imagery and other geospatial data (e.g., mean precipitation, surface temperature, canopy cover). Training data is from the 2009 to 2014 cycle (n > 26,000 sampling plots). Spatial cross validation suggested that the model had a better performance when predicting tree height r2 = .35 [.12, .51] (mean [min, max]) than for tree density r2 = .23 [.05, .42]. The best predictive performance when mapping tree height was for broadleaf and coniferous‐broadleaf forests (model explained ~50% of variance). The best predictive performance when mapping tree density was for tropical forest (model explained ~40% of variance). Although most forests had relatively low uncertainty for tree height predictions, e.g., values <60%, arid and semiarid ecosystems had high uncertainty, e.g., values >80%. Uncertainty values for tree density predictions were >80% in most forests. The applied open science approach we present is easily replicable and scalable, thus it is helpful to assist in the decision‐making and future of the National Forest and Soils Inventory. This work highlights the need for analytical tools that help us exploit the full potential of the Mexican forest inventory datasets.
Chilean bee diversity: Contrasting patterns of species and phylogenetic turnover along a large‐scale ecological gradient
Authors: Marshall Leon , Ascher John S. , Villagra Cristian , Beaugendre Amaury , Herrera Valentina , Henríquez‐Piskulich Patricia , Vera Alejandro , Vereecken Nicolas J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChile's isolation and varied climates have driven the evolution of a unique biodiversity with a high degree of endemism. As a result, Chile encompasses diverse environments, including the Mediterranean‐type ecosystem, a global biodiversity hotspot. These environments are currently threatened by anthropogenic land use change impacting the integrity of local biomes and associated species. This area is the most intensively sampled in the country with high endemicity of native bee species. Characterizing habitat requirements of bees is a pressing priority to safeguard these insects and the ecosystem services they provide. We investigated broadscale patterns of bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) diversity using newly accessible expert‐validated datasets comprising digitized specimen records from Chilean and US collections, and novel expert‐validated‐type specimen data for the bees of Chile. We used a generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) approach to explore both compositional and phylogenetic β‐diversity patterns across latitudinal, altitudinal, climate, and habitat gradients in well‐sampled bee assemblages in Central Chile. Using the GDM measures of increasing compositional and environmental dissimilarity, we categorized and compared the most important drivers of these patterns and used them to classify “wild bee ecoregions” (WBEs) representing unique assemblages. Turnover of bee assemblages was explained primarily by latitudinal variation (proxy for climate) from south to north in Chile. However, temperature variations, precipitation, and the presence of bare soil also significantly explained turnover in bee assemblages. In comparison, we observed less turnover in phylogenetic biodiversity corresponding to spatial gradients. We identified six de novo ecoregions (WBEs), all with distinct taxa, endemic lineages, and representative species. The WBEs represent distinct spatial classifications but have similarities to existing biogeographical classifications, ecosystems, and bioclimatic zones. This approach establishes the baseline needed to prioritize bee species conservation efforts across this global biodiversity hotspot. We discuss the novelty of this classification considering previous biogeographical characterizations and their relevance in assessing conservation priorities for bee conservation. We argue that Chile's WBEs highlight areas in need of funding for bee species surveys and description, distribution mapping, and strengthening of conservation policies.