bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep brain stimulation in dystonia: The added value of neuropsychological assessments
Authors: Coenen Maraike A. , Eggink Hendriekje , van Egmond Martje E. , Oterdoom D. L. Marinus , van Dijk J. Marc C. , van Laar Teus , Spikman Jacoba M. , Tijssen Marina A. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a recognized treatment for medication‐refractory dystonia. Problems in executive functions and social cognition can be part of dystonia phenotypes. The impact of pallidal DBS on cognition appears limited, but not all cognitive domains have been investigated yet. In the present study, we compare cognition before and after GPi DBS. Seventeen patients with dystonia of various aetiology completed pre‐ and post‐DBS assessment (mean age 51 years; range 20–70 years). Neuropsychological assessment covered intelligence, verbal memory, attention and processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition, language and a depression questionnaire. Pre‐DBS scores were compared with a healthy control group matched for age, gender and education, or with normative data. Patients were of average intelligence but performed significantly poorer than healthy peers on tests for planning and for information processing speed. Otherwise, they were cognitively unimpaired, including social cognition. DBS did not change the baseline neuropsychological scores. We confirmed previous reports of executive dysfunctions in adult dystonia patients with no significant influence of DBS on cognitive functioning in these patients. Pre‐DBS neuropsychological assessments appear useful as they support clinicians in counselling their patients. Decisions about post‐DBS neuropsychological evaluations should be made on a case‐by‐case basis.
Illegibly legible: Outcomes of a land records modernisation programme in South India
Authors: R Ramakumar , Ramesh Padmini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article analyses an initiative in 2017 to update and digitise textual land records in Telangana, a south Indian state. Its premise is that experiments to modernise land records have not met with pre‐determined standards of success due, primarily, to the historically evolved contradictions around land as a resource and a commodity. In countries like India, the colonial policies on land and the post‐colonial success of landlords to manipulate land records had already left the post‐War task of ensuring conclusive land titles intractable. In more recent times, however, the agenda of land records modernisation has been absorbed by neoliberalism, which aims to create free land markets and replace traditional subsidies with direct cash transfers. This article shows that, consequently, the task of land records modernisation in Telangana became disembedded from agendas of agrarian egalitarianism and was rendered more complex—historical errors and exclusions were reproduced in new ways; technocratic solutions of the bureaucracy made governmental processes opaque; landed sections continued to subvert implementation; tenants were excluded from the land titles; and there were fears that the scheme would be misused to ease corporate land acquisition. Land records modernisation remains important for agrarian reform, but its success remains contingent on a greater appreciation among policymakers for the historical and political economy aspects of land ownership and possession.
Roles of bovine sialoglycoproteins for anti‐skin aging and accelerating skin wound healing
Authors: Wang Xilong , Yue Lixin , Zhang Fan , Bao Xiaojuan , Song Wanghua , Li Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibroblasts are the most predominant cell subpopulation in the dermal layer of human skin, they play an important role in maintaining skin architecture and function. The senescence of fibroblasts is one of major causes of skin aging and chronic wound in the elderly, which is accompanied with a reduction of α2,6‐sialylation on the cell surface.AimsIn this study, we investigated the effects of the bovine sialoglycoproteins on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF).ResultsThe results showed that bovine sialoglycoproteins could promote the proliferation and migration of NHDF cells, and accelerate the contraction of fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL). The average doubling time of NHDF cells treated with bovine sialoglycoproteins (0.5 mg/mL) was 31.1 ± 1.0 h whereas that was 37.9 ± 2.7 h for the control (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) was upregulated, while that of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and human type I collagen (COL‐I) were downregulated in treated NHDF cells. Furthermore, bovine sialoglycoproteins treatment significantly enhanced the α2,6‐sialylation on the cell surfaces, which was consistent with the upregulation of α2,6‐sialyltransferase I (ST6GAL1) expression.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the bovine sialoglycoproteins might be developed as a reagent against skin aging in the cosmetic industry, or as a new candidate for accelerating skin wound healing and inhibiting scar formation.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Orthognathic Surgery patients: A systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Authors: Abdul Nishath Sayed , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOrthognathic surgery is done to treat a variety of dentofacial abnormalities, but a wide gap still remains on how it can result in temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). The primary goal of this review was to assess the effects of various orthognathic surgical techniques on the emergence or exacerbation of TMJ dysfunction.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across several databases using Boolean operators and MeSH keywords related to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and orthognathic surgical interventions, with no limitation on the year of publication. Two independent reviewers screened the identified studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by a risk of bias assessment using a standardised tool.ResultsFive articles were considered for inclusion in this review. A greater number of females opted for surgical options than their male cohorts. Three studies were of prospective design, 1 of retrospective and 1 of observational type. Mobility on lateral excursion, tenderness on palpation, arthralgia and popping sounds were the TMD characteristics that showed significant differences. Overall, orthognathic surgical intervention did not show an increase in TMD signs and symptoms as compared to nonsurgical counterparts.ConclusionThough orthognathic surgery reported greater cases of some TMD symptoms and signs as compared to the nonsurgical cohorts in four studies, the conclusive evidence is debatable. Further studies are recommended with a longer follow‐up period and greater sample size to determine the impact of orthognathic surgery on TMJ.
Dermatophytosis and the associated risk factors among primary school children in southern and central Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Fulgence Kassi Kondo , Marie Kiki‐Barro Pulchérie Christiane , Akoua Valerie Bedia‐Tanoh , Massafoma Koné Estelle Gnanyo , Etienne Angora Kpongbo , Abibatou Konaté‐Touré , Henriette Vanga‐Bosson Abo , Sebastien Miezan Assohoun Jean , Vincent Djohan , William Yavo , Hervé Menan Eby Ignace 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytosis, particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the factors associated with tinea capitis and the prevalence rate of other dermatophytoses among primary school students in the rural and urban areas of the southern and central Côte d'Ivoire.Patients and MethodsThe study was carried out in seven towns of Côte d'Ivoire from October 2008 to July 2009, among 17,745 children aged 4–17 years and attending urban and rural primary schools; a complete physical examination of the skin and appendages, including nails and hair, was performed by the physicians. Direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5 g/L chloramphenicol and 0.4 g/L actidione was performed during sampling.ResultsFor the 17,745 children clinically examined, 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Positive cultures for dermatophytes were found in 2635 patients, and the overall prevalence rate of tinea capitis was 14.8%. The following factors, age, sex, pets at home, number of bathing daily, sharing of sponges, combs and towels and hair length, were statistically associated with tinea capitis (p < .001). In addition to tinea capitis, other superficial fungal infections were identified among these children. These included tinea corporis (0.9%), tinea unguium (0.6%) and pityriasis versicolor (0.4%).ConclusionTinea capitis is common among pupils in rural southern and central Côte d'Ivoire, especially in young boys.
Extending the elemental defence hypothesis in the light of plant chemodiversity
Authors: Putra Rocky , Müller Caroline 
Published: June 2023

SummarySome plant species tolerate and accumulate high levels of metals or metalloids in their tissues. The elemental defence hypothesis posits that metal(loid) hyperaccumulation by these plants can serve as protection against antagonists. Numerous studies support this hypothesis. In addition, as other plant species, hyperaccumulators synthesise specialised metabolites that can act as organic defences. In principle, the composition and concentration of plant‐specialised metabolites vary pronouncedly not only among species, but also within species and within individuals. This variation is called chemodiversity. Surprisingly, the role of chemodiversity has received little attention in elemental defence. Thus, we advocate that the concept of the elemental defence hypothesis should be extended and linked to the multifunctionality of plant chemodiversity to better understand the eco‐evolutionary dynamics and maintenance of metal(loid) hyperaccumulation. Comprehensive literature studies revealed that both metal(loid)s and specialised metabolites acting as defences are highly diverse in some hyperaccumulators and the biosynthetic pathways of these two types of defences are partly intertwined. Several edaphic‐, population‐, temporal‐ and spatial‐related factors were found to influence metal(loid) diversity, which should be considered in the elemental defence hypothesis. We thus present a novel synthesis and outlook to extend the elemental defence hypothesis in the light of chemodiversity.
Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wiebe Natasha , Lloyd Anita , Crumley Ellen T. , Tonelli Marcello 
Published: June 2023

SummaryFasting insulin and c‐reactive protein confound the association between mortality and body mass index. An increase in fat mass may mediate the associations between hyperinsulinemia, hyperinflammation, and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the “average” associations between body mass index and the risk of mortality and to explore how adjusting for fasting insulin and markers of inflammation might modify the association of BMI with mortality. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published in 2020. Studies with adult participants where BMI and vital status was assessed were included. BMI was required to be categorized into groups or parametrized as non‐first order polynomials or splines. All‐cause mortality was regressed against mean BMI squared within seven broad clinical populations. Study was modeled as a random intercept. β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are reported along with estimates of mortality risk by BMIs of 20, 30, and 40 kg/m2. Bubble plots with regression lines are drawn, showing the associations between mortality and BMI. Splines results were summarized. There were 154 included studies with 6,685,979 participants. Only five (3.2%) studies adjusted for a marker of inflammation, and no studies adjusted for fasting insulin. There were significant associations between higher BMIs and lower mortality risk in cardiovascular (unadjusted β −0.829 [95% CI −1.313, −0.345] and adjusted β −0.746 [95% CI −1.471, −0.021]), Covid‐19 (unadjusted β −0.333 [95% CI −0.650, −0.015]), critically ill (adjusted β −0.550 [95% CI −1.091, −0.010]), and surgical (unadjusted β −0.415 [95% CI −0.824, −0.006]) populations. The associations for general, cancer, and non‐communicable disease populations were not significant. Heterogeneity was very large (I2 ≥ 97%). The role of obesity as a driver of excess mortality should be critically re‐examined, in parallel with increased efforts to determine the harms of hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation.
Tear film dynamics of a new soft contact lens
Authors: Buch John , Riederer Donald , Scales Charles , Xu Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo present the objective metrics from a study that evaluated the clinical performance of a senofilcon A contact lens, both with and without a new manufacturing technique.MethodsThis was a single‐site, five‐visit, controlled, randomised, subject‐masked, 2 × 2 crossover study (May–August 2021) with a 2‐week lens dispensing period (bilateral wear) and weekly follow‐up visits. Healthy adult (18–39 years), habitual spherical silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers were included. The High‐definition (HD) Analyzer™ was used to objectively measure the lens‐on‐eye optical system resulting from the study lenses at 1‐week follow‐up. Measurements assessed were vision break‐up time (VBUT), modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio (SR), potential visual acuity (PVA) for 100% contrast and objective scatter index (OSI).ResultsOf the 50 enrolled participants, 47 (94.0%) were randomly assigned to one of the two possible lens wear sequences (test/control or control/test) and dispensed at least one study lens. The estimated odds ratio of VBUT > 10 s was 1.582 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009 to 2.482) in test versus control lens. The least squares mean difference estimates of MTF cutoff, SR and PVA for 100% contrast between test versus control lens were 2.243 (95% CI: 0.012 to 4.475), 0.011 (95% CI: −0.002 to 0.023) and 0.073 (95% CI: −0.001 to 0.147), respectively. The estimated ratio of median OSI between test versus control lens was 0.887 (95% CI: 0.727 to 1.081). The test lens demonstrated superiority over the control lens with respect to VBUT and MTF cutoff. No serious adverse events were reported; eight adverse events (three ocular, five non‐ocular) were indicated by six participants during the study.ConclusionThe test lens demonstrated an increased probability of having a longer VBUT (>10 s). Future studies may be designed to assess the efficacy and long‐term use of the test lens in a larger population.
The power of three: Atrial rate limit power‐on‐reset — A non‐electromagnetic cause of pacemaker‐induced extracardiac stimulation
Authors: Torbey Estelle , Sharma Esseim , Betzold Robert , Mehta Chirag , Vogt Braden , Chu Antony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPower‐on reset (PoR) is most commonly due to electromagnetic interference. Full PoR results in a switch to an inhibited mode (VVI) pacing and resets pacing outputs to maximal unipolar settings, leading to extracardiac stimulation.MethodsWe present a case of PoR occurrence in the absence of electromagnetic interference, resulting in pectoral stimulation triggered by violation of the atrial rate limit.ConclusionsIt is useful for clinicians to recognizethe occurrence of PoR in the setting of atrial limit violation andthe appropriate management in such circumstances.
A novel pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptoms and Adaptive Behavior Scale for different ages: GaziESAS v2.0
Authors: Yapar Dilek , Karagol Hacer Ilbilge Ertoy , Terece Sinem Polat , Duztas Demet Teker , Gurkan Odul Egritas , Sari Sinan , Dalgic Buket , Bakirtas Arzu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality scales (HQS) suitable that measure symptoms and adaptive behaviors (AB) with proven validity and reliability are needed for different age groups of children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).ObjectiveTo develop a high‐quality pediatric EoE symptoms and AB scale for different age groups.MethodsChildren (7–11 years), teens (12–18 years), and parents of 2–18‐year‐old children with EoE were included. A HQS should have encompassed: the identification of domain and item generation; content validity (CnV) and field test for construct validity (CsV) and reliability. Convergent validity (CgV) was examined for CsV. Correlations between the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score, version 2.0 (PEESS v2.0) and Gazi University Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptoms and Adaptive Behavior Scale (GaziESAS) version 2.0 (v2.0) were examined for CgV. Reliability was determined through internal consistency (Cronbach‐α) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: ICC).ResultsNineteen children, 42 teens, and 82 parents completed the study. GaziESAS v2.0 was composed of 20 items with two main domains: symptoms (subdomains: dysphagia and nondysphagia) and AB. CnV indexes were excellent for all items. The CgV varied from good to excellent correlation (r = 0.6 to r = 0.9). GaziESAS v2.0 showed good reliability (Cronbach‐α >0.7 and ICC >0.6).ConclusionGaziESAS v2.0 is the first pediatric HQS that measures the frequency of symptoms and AB in EoE within the last month with separate forms for children, teens, and parents.
Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kambona Carolyn Mukiri , Koua Patrice Ahossi , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe environments where the progenitors are grown have the potential to affect the expression of traits in their offspring. Currently, there are various hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological importance of stress memory effects. There is uncertainty regarding its occurrence, persistence, predictability, and adaptive value. In this study, 15 winter wheat cultivars were grown under drought and well‐watered (control) treatments for two seasons to produce seeds with all possible combinations of drought exposure histories. A comprehensive analysis to estimate transgenerational (grandparental effects), intergenerational (parental effects), and their combined memory effects on offspring traits under both control and drought moisture treatments, was performed. There were significant memory effects in most of the evaluated traits ranging from +787% to −39.0% changes in both seed quality and plant traits. The expression of stress memory was highly dependent on the generation and number of exposures, traits, and seasons. Under drought treatment, the combination of grandparental and parental stress memories was additive in all traits, but their strengths were variable when considered separately. Stress memory enhanced the performance of offspring under similar stressful conditions: increased plant height, above‐ground biomass, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and water potential. This study offers valuable new insights into the occurrence of drought stress memory, the complexities of the effects, possible physiological and metabolic alterations explaining the detected differences, and impacts toward a clearer understanding of their generation and context‐dependency.
Prevalence of symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in field hockey players of German first and lower leagues
Authors: Junge Astrid , Wellmann Kai , Zech Astrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile several studies on mental health of elite athletes were published in recent years, few compared the prevalence with the general population and none included field hockey players.AimsTo analyze the prevalence of symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in field hockey players of different skill levels and to compare it to the general population.MethodsMale and female hockey players from different leagues were asked to answer questions on player characteristics, the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7).ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐seven players (incl. 54 first and 28 second league players) participated in the study (response rate 97.4%). More than a third (n = 64; 35.0%) reported to be affected by an injury/health complaint, but 157 (86.3%) were able to train and play without limitations. The CES‐D score indicated depression symptoms in more female (n = 15; 18.3%) than male (n = 5; 4.8%) players (χ2=8.8; p < 0.01). No male and one female player had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Players who played 60 or more matches in the previous 12 months had on average significantly higher depression (t = 2.3; p < 0.05) and generalized anxiety scores (t = 4.2; p < 0.001) than players who played fewer matches. The prevalence of depression and of generalized anxiety symptoms was similar to or lower than in the general population. Although 20 (10.7%) players had depression symptoms, only 4 (2.2%) received psychological counseling or psychotherapy.ConclusionIt is recommended to provide routine screening of mental health problems and low‐threshold access to adequate treatment for elite athletes.
Disparagement humor permits unsafe COVID‐19 behaviors: A prejudiced norm perspective
Authors: Olah Andrew R. , Ford Thomas E. , Norman Kaitlyn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtending prejudiced norm theory, we hypothesized that memes diminishing the severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic promote tolerance of unsafe pandemic behaviors (as in contrary to contemporary advice of public health agencies, i.e., not wearing a protective mask) by establishing a perceived norm of tolerance for such behaviors. In Spring 2021, members of several Reddit communities (n = 106) reported their perceived threat of COVID‐19 and then completed a roleplay exercise in which they imagined they were with a group of friends in a church setting. In this context, participants viewed memes shared among their friends that belittled COVID‐19 (COVID‐19 disparagement condition) or memes unrelated to COVID‐19 (control condition). Then, participants responded to a vignette describing a woman confronting an usher about a couple who violated protocol by not wearing masks. The results supported our hypothesis. First, participants in the COVID‐19 disparagement condition perceived a greater norm of tolerance of the mask protocol violation among others in the immediate context compared to those in the control condition. Second, for participants who viewed COVID‐19 as a low threat, that local norm resulted in greater personal tolerance of the mask protocol violation. However, for participants who view COVID‐19 as a high threat, the local norm had no impact on their personal tolerance.
Non‐seed plants are emerging gene sources for agriculture and insect control proteins
Authors: Simmons Carl R. , Herman Rod A. 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYThe non‐seed plants (e.g., charophyte algae, bryophytes, and ferns) have multiple human uses, but their contributions to agriculture and research have lagged behind seed plants. While sharing broadly conserved biology with seed plants and the major crops, non‐seed plants sometimes possess alternative molecular and physiological adaptations. These adaptations may guide crop improvements. One such area is the presence of multiple classes of insecticidal proteins found in non‐seed plant genomes which are either absent or widely diverged in seed plants. There are documented uses of non‐seed plants, and ferns for example have been used in human diets. Among the occasional identifiable toxins or antinutritive components present in non‐seed plants, none include these insecticidal proteins. Apart from these discrete risk factors which can be addressed in the safety assessment, there should be no general safety concern about sourcing genes from non‐seed plant species.