bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility and Kinematic Bifurcation Analysis of Origami Plate Structures
Authors: Cai Jianguo , Zhong Qiuyue , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Kexin , Zhang Qian , Feng Jian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bifurcation behavior analysis is the key part of mobility in the application of origami-inspired deployable structures because it opens up more allosteric possibilities but leads to control difficulties. A novel tracking method for bifurcation paths is proposed based on the Jacobian matrix equations of the constraint system and its Taylor expansion equations. A Jacobian matrix equation is built based on the length, boundary, rigid plate conditions, and rotational symmetry conditions of the origami plate structures to determine the degrees-of-freedom and bifurcation points of structural motion. The high-order expansion form of the length constraint conditions is introduced to calculate the bifurcation directions. The two kinds of single-vertex four-crease patterns are adopted to verify the proposed method first. And then, the motion bifurcations of three wrapping folds are investigated and compared. The results demonstrate the rich kinematic properties of the wrap folding pattern, corresponding to different assignments of mountain and valley creases. The findings provide a numerical discrimination approach for the singularity of rigid origami structure motion trajectories, which may be used for a wide range of complicated origami plate structures.
Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control for the Trajectory Tracking of a Tendon-Driven Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Yudong , He Leiying , Yan Bo , Chen Jianneng , Wu Chuanyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The tracking control of tendon-driven manipulators has recently become a hot topic. However, the flexible elastic tendon introduces greater residual vibration, making it more difficult to control the trajectory tracking of the manipulator. In this paper, a dynamics model of the elastic tendon-driven manipulator (ETDM) that considers motion coupling is established. A hierarchical sliding mode control (HSMC) method is proposed to realize the trajectory tracking control of the ETDM. On the basis of the Lyapunov design method, the actuator subsliding manifold is defined as the first sliding manifold. The first sliding manifold is then used to construct the joint side subsliding manifold. Furthermore, the total sliding manifold is established based on the joint side sliding manifold and the actuator's sliding manifold. The stability of the proposed HSMC is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulations and experiments are performed on a two-degree-of-freedom ETDM tracking desired trajectories to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HSMC method. The proposed HSMC exhibits higher tracking accuracy compared with proportional–integral–derivative, and adaptive second-order fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (SOFNTSM) controls in the simulations. The introduction of different disturbances reveals that HSMC has better robustness than proportional–integral–derivative control. Experimental results show that the maximum error of trajectory tracking is less than 0.025 rad.
Heat-Resilient Schoolyards: Relations Between Temperature, Shade, and Physical Activity of Children During Recess
Authors: Lanza Kevin , Alcazar Melody , Durand Casey P. , Salvo Deborah , Villa Umberto , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Extreme heat may discourage physical activity of children while shade may provide thermal comfort. The authors determined the associations between ambient temperature, shade, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of children during school recess. Methods: Children aged 8–10 (n = 213) wore accelerometers and global positioning system monitors during recess at 3 school parks in Austin, Texas (September–November 2019). Weather data originated from 10 sensors per park. The authors calculated shade from imagery using a geographic information system (GIS) and time-matched physical activity, location, temperature, and shade data. The authors specified piecewise multilevel regression to assess relations between average temperature and percentage of recess time in MVPA and shade. Results: Temperature ranged 11 °C to 35 °C. Each 1 °C higher temperature was associated with a 0.7 percentage point lower time spent in MVPA, until 33 °C (91 °F) when the association changed to a 1.5 lower time (P < .01). Each 1 °C higher temperature was associated with a 0.3 percentage point higher time spent under shade, until 33 °C when the association changed to a 3.4 higher time (P < .001). At 33 °C or above, the direct association between shade and MVPA weakened (P < .05), with no interaction effect above 33 °C (P > .05). Children at the park with the most tree canopy spent 6.0 percentage points more time in MVPA (P < .01). Conclusions: Children engage in less MVPA and seek shade during extreme heat and engage in more MVPA in green schoolyards. With climate change, schools should consider interventions (eg, organizing shaded play, tree planting) to promote heat safe MVPA.
Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California (USA), and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range
Authors: Midttun Nikolas , Niemi Nathan A. , Gallina Bianca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeologic mapping, measured sections, and geochronologic data elucidate the tectonostratigraphic development of the Titus Canyon extensional basin in Death Valley, California (USA), and provide new constraints on the age of the Titus Canyon Formation, one of the earliest synextensional deposits in the central Basin and Range. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages (MDAs) and compiled 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that the Titus Canyon Formation spans 40(?)–30 Ma, consistent with an inferred Duchesnean age for a unique assemblage of mammalian fossils in the lower part of the formation. The Titus Canyon Forma tion preserves a shift in depositional environment from fluvial to lacustrine at ca. 35 Ma, which along with a change in detrital zircon provenance may reflect both the onset of local extensional tectonism and climatic changes at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Our data establish the Titus Canyon basin as the southernmost basin in a system of late Eocene extensional basins that formed along the axis of the Sevier orogenic belt. The distribution of lacustrine deposits in these Eocene basins defines the extent of a low-relief orogenic plateau (Nevadaplano) that occupied eastern Nevada at least through Eocene time. As such, the age and character of Titus Canyon Formation implies that the Nevadaplano may have extended into the central Basin and Range, ~200 km farther south than previously recognized. Development of the Titus Canyon extensional basin precedes local Farallon slab removal by ~20 m.y., implying that other mechanisms, such as plate boundary stress changes due to decreased convergence rates in Eocene time, are a more likely trigger for early extension in the central Basin and Range.
Hydrogen Energy: Legal Support and International Cooperation
Authors: Gabov A. V. , Lizikova M. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe legal support and existing and potential contours and examples of international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy are discussed. Based on study and analysis of international “hydrogen” initiatives and international organizations the activities of which partly extend to hydrogen, as well as interactions in the field of hydrogen energy within the framework of regional integration associations (BRICS, Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, and the European Union) and individual regions, the authors note the lack of clearly defined strategies and plans, which does not contribute to the achievement of visible effects from cooperation, hinders the stability of international energy markets, and raises questions about the need to develop new rules at the international level, which should be enshrined in relevant international agreements in this area and on the creation of an international organization that would become a world center for cooperation in the field of hydrogen.
The Main Vectors of the US Foreign Policy Strategy in Central Asia
Authors: Kokoshin A. A. , Kokoshina Z. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main vectors of the US foreign policy strategy regarding the countries of Central Asia (CA) after the collapse of the Soviet Union are analyzed. It is noted that there are three main vectors in the US strategy in Central Asia: geopolitical, economic, and political−ideological, and humanitarian, which in many cases are closely intertwined with each other. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are of the main interest to the United States there. The authors draw attention to the fact that the US strategy in this region has an obvious anti-Russian and anti-Chinese orientation, which has intensified during the crisis of 2021‒2022, caused by the refusal of the United States and its allies to meet the legitimate claims of the Russian Federation adequately to ensure its security.
Interaction of the Fluorophenyl Analog of Retinal with Proteorhodopsin from Exiguobacterium sibiricum
Authors: Belikov N. E. , Petrovskaya L. E. , Kryukova E. A. , Dolgikh D. A. , Lukashev E. P. , Lukin A. Yu. , Demina O. V. , Varfolomeev S. D. , Chupin V. V. , Khodonov A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract—
We have developed an alternative method for the synthesis of an analog of natural retinal, which contains the p-fluorophenyl fragment instead of the trimethylcyclohexene ring. The proposed scheme for the synthesis of the target all-E-isomer of the target retinoid consists of using C5-phosphonate that contains the terminal nitrile group under Horner–Emmons reaction conditions. It has been shown that this scheme is more efficient and provides a higher total yield of the target product than the previously described variant. The procedure has been developed for the preparation of an analog of microbial proteorhodopsin ESRh from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, which contains a modified chromophore. It has been found that, as in the case of bacterioopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, the replacement of the trimethylcyclohexene ring in the natural chromophore by the p-fluorophenyl fragment does not prevent the formation of the artificial pigment F-Phe-ESRh from proteorhodopsin ESRh, which preserves the cycle of photochemical reactions. Certain differences have been found between the properties of native recombinant ESRh and its analog F-Phe-ESRh including a shift in the absorption maximum to the short-wavelength region, the formation of M intermediate at lower pH values, the presence of “long-lived M,” and a general slowdown in the photocycle. The reduced stability of the resulting proteorhodopsin analog F-Phe-ESRh to prolonged exposure to visible light has been also demonstrated.
Emotional journey of Asian mothers of premature infants who received pasteurised donor human milk: a qualitative study
Authors: Loh Hui Fang , Lee Jiayu Rachel , Tan Andrea Ruwen , Goh Xin Lei , Low Yi Fen , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of donor human milk usage on the emotional experience of mothers with premature infants in a multiracial Asian population.DesignA qualitative descriptive study. Semistructured individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s process of thematic analysis.Setting and patientsSeventeen mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.Main outcome measuresPerceptions of mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk.ResultsMothers described their experience as a journey of acceptance with three sequential themes. ‘Resistance to receiving somebody else’s milk’ was a process of overcoming initial hesitation and concerns. ‘Recognising maternal limitations and baby’s needs’ depicted the mothers’ struggles in reconciling their infant’s milk demand and their low milk supply. ‘Embracing benefits of donor human milk and acceptance with gratitude’ illustrated the mothers’ joy and gratitude to milk donors as they embraced benefits of donor human milk usage. Although participants had agreed to use of donor human milk after counselling, many still struggled with negative emotions of anxiety and guilt. Mothers of Muslim faith had additional concerns about milk kinship and religious permissibility of donor human milk.ConclusionMothers undergo a spectrum of complex emotions from initial hesitation to acceptance with gratitude, when their premature infants receive donor human milk. Some continue to struggle with negative emotions and require more support. By recognising their emotional responses, healthcare providers can support mothers in their breastfeeding journey with targeted counselling.
Improving use of proton pump inhibitors with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Jinadu Tomilola , Radhakrishnan Ashwin , Fan Lampson 
Published: December 2022

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a major impact on healthcare resources and expenditure. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended for the treatment of ACS. DAPT is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which is seen in 1.2%–2.4% of patients on DAPT and associated with fivefold increase in mortality at 30 days and fourfold increase at 1 year. European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend that patients on DAPT should also be prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce the risk of GI bleeding.We assessed compliance with this recommendation on the cardiology ward of our tertiary cardiac unit. At baseline, only 56% of patients on DAPT were coprescribed a PPI. We subsequently devised and delivered a service improvement project (three completed audit cycles) to improve concomitant prescription of PPI, with the aim of achieving 100% compliance with the guidelines. We introduced low-cost interventions that included educational sessions for junior doctors, cardiac nursing staff and pharmacists, as well as posters which served as visual prompts for discharging doctors. We also initiated a protocol that the pharmacy team clarify with the discharging doctor whether a patient on DAPT should also be on PPI, before the discharge summary is finalised.Consequently, 100% of patients on DAPT were coprescribed PPI within fourteen weeks of the onset of our intervention. This improvement was sustained across a subsequent cohort of junior doctors. Our interventions should help to reduce the risk of GI bleeding in this population.
Burden of road traffic injuries in Iran: a national and subnational perspective, 1990−2019
Authors: Sadeghian Tafti Mohammad Reza , Ostovar Afshin , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Shobeiri Parnian , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Salmani Ibrahim , Khajeaminian Mohammad Reza , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Dehghani Tafti Abbasali 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesReliable and valid information on burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is essential for short-term and long-term planning. We designed the present study to describe the levels and trends of burden of RTIs in Iran from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThis is an observational epidemiological study. We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates to report RTIs incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by sex, age group and road user category in Iran and each of the 31 provinces from 1990 to 2019.ResultsAge-standardised incidence, prevalence, death and DALY rates of RTIs decreased by 31.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 29.4 to 33.9), 34.9% (33.8 to 36.0), 57.7% (48.1 to 62.3) and 60.1% (51.7 to 65.2), respectively between 1990 and 2019. The 2019 age-standardised DALY rates varied from smallest value in Tehran 303.8 (216.9 to 667.2) per 100 000 to largest value in Sistan-Baluchistan 2286.8 (1978.1 to 2627.9) per 100 000. The burden of RTIs was mainly related to injuries sustained by drivers or passengers of motorised vehicles with three or more wheels and pedestrians’ injuries, mostly affected males aged 15–29 years and individuals aged ≥70 years.ConclusionThe reducing trend in the burden of RTIs in Iran possibly reflects the effectiveness of the intervention programmes. However, with regard to the Sustainable Development Goals the burden is still at an alarming level. Further reductions are necessary for specific road user groups such as adolescent and adult male drivers or passengers of motorised vehicles, also pedestrians aged ≥70 years.
Compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries: evidence from a residential care setting and updated meta-analysis for all patient care settings
Authors: Gustavsson Johanna , Nilson Finn , Bonander Carl 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCompliant flooring may prevent fall injuries in residential care, but evidence is inconclusive. We investigate compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries in a residential care setting and update a meta-analysis from a recent systematic review on compliant flooring.MethodsA non-randomised study comparing outcomes in a residential care unit that installed sports flooring in bedrooms with four units with regular flooring in a Norwegian municipality (n=193). Data on falls were collected for a period of 46 months (323 falls on sports flooring; 414 on regular flooring). Outcomes were injurious falls per person bed-day, falls per person bed-day and injury risks per fall. Confounding was adjusted for using Andersen-Gill proportional hazards and log-binomial regression models. Random-effects inverse variance models were used to pool estimates.ResultsInjurious fall rates were 13% lower in the unit with sports flooring (adjusted HR (aHR): 0.87 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.37)). There was limited evidence of adverse effects on fall rates (aHR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63 to 1.38)) and the injury risk per fall was lower in fall events that occurred on sports floors (adjusted relative risk (RR): 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53 to 1.08)). Pooling these estimates with previous research added precision, but the overall pattern was the same (pooled RR for injurious falls: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.39 to 1.12); fall rates: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.12); injury risks per fall: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.97)).ConclusionSports floors may be an alternative to novel shock-absorbing floors in care settings; however, more research is needed to improve precision.
Epidemiology of cruciate ligament injuries in New Zealand: exploring differences by ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Authors: Pryymachenko Yana , Wilson Ross , Abbott J Haxby 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the temporal trends and ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cruciate ligament (CL) injury incidence and associated costs in New Zealand over a 14-year period.MethodsAll CL injury claims lodged between 2007 and 2020 were extracted from the Accident Compensation Corporation (a nationwide no-fault injury compensation scheme) claims dataset. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rates, total injury costs and costs per claim were calculated for each year for total population and subgroups.ResultsThe total number of CL injury claims increased from 6972 in 2007 to 8304 in 2019, then decreased to 7068 in 2020 (likely due to widespread COVID-19 restrictions; analysis is therefore restricted to 2007–2019 hereafter). The (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted) incidence rate remained largely unchanged and was 173 cases per 100 000 people in 2019. There was a 127% increase in total injury claims costs and a 90% increase in costs per claim. Pacific people had the highest incidence rate and costs per 100 000 people, while Asians had the lowest; European, Māori and ‘other’ ethnicities had similar incidence rates and total costs. Incidence rates and total costs increased with income and decreased with neighbourhood deprivation. Costs per claim differed little by ethnicity, but increased with income level.ConclusionThe number and costs of CL injury claims in New Zealand are increasing. There are ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in CL incidence rates and costs, which are important to address when designing CL injury prevention programmes and programmes aimed at improving equity of access to medical care.
Race, structural racism and racial disparities in firearm homicide victimisation
Authors: Conrick Kelsey M , Adhia Avanti , Ellyson Alice , Haviland Miriam Joan , Lyons Vivian H , Mills Brianna , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo identify an approach in measuring the association between structural racism and racial disparities in firearm homicide victimisation focusing on racism, rather than race.MethodsWe examined associations of six measures of structural racism (Black/white disparity ratios in poverty, education, labour force participation, rental housing, single-parent households and index crime arrests) with state-level Black-white disparities in US age-adjusted firearm homicide victimisation rates 2010–2019. We regressed firearm homicide victimisation disparities on four specifications of independent variables: (1) absolute measure only; (2) absolute measure and per cent Black; (3) absolute measure and Black-white disparity ratio and (4) absolute measure, per cent Black and disparity ratio.ResultsFor all six measures of structural racism the optimal specification included the absolute measure and Black-white disparity ratio and did not include per cent Black. Coefficients for the Black-white disparity were statistically significant, while per cent Black was not.ConclusionsIn the presence of structural racism measures, the inclusion of per cent Black did not contribute to the explanation of firearm homicide disparities in this study. Findings provide empiric evidence for the preferred use of structural racism measures instead of race.