bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predators in the web of life: World ecology of historical human–wolf relations in Finland
Authors: Komi Sanna , Kröger Markus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo better understand current conflicts related to human–wolf interactions in Finland, this article undertakes a longue‐durée examination of societal structural transformations and how they have influenced ways of relating to nature in the country. Through a world‐ecological perspective, we weave together a historical review and results of ethnographic fieldwork to explain how and why human–wolf relations in Finland transformed from indifferent coexistence to purposeful eradication in the late 19th century and ultimately to contemporary contested protection. We argue that the nature‐making capacities of capitalist development are an integral part of the historical circumstances that led to the eradication of wolves, which was not only the result of animosity towards wolves but also fuelled by the interests of elite hunters. The resulting negative perceptions, coupled with changes in practices and landscapes during the wolf‐less era, are central in current contestations, illustrating the deep ideological, emotional, and practical nature relations that capitalism creates.
The associations between life events and person‐centered personality consistency
Authors: Wright Amanda J. , Jackson Joshua J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveFew environments reliably influence mean‐level and rank‐order changes in personality—perhaps because personality development needs to be examined through an individualized, person‐centered lens.MethodsThe current study used Bayesian multilevel linear models to examine the association between 16 life events and changes in person‐centered, Big Five personality consistency across 4 to 10 waves of data using four datasets (N = 24,491).ResultsSelection effects were found for events such as marriage, (un)employment, retirement, and volunteering, whereas between‐person effects for slopes were found for events such as beginning formal education, employment, and retirement. Within‐person changes were often small and emerged inconsistently across datasets but, when present, were brief and negative in direction, suggesting life events can serve as a short‐term disruption to the personality system. However, there were many individual differences around event‐related trajectories.ConclusionOur results highlight that the effects of life events depend on how personality and its changes are quantified—with these findings underscoring the utility of a person‐centered approach as it can capture the full range of these idiosyncrasies. Overall, these findings suggest that life events are associated with a range of idiosyncratic effects and can serve as a short‐term, destabilizing shock to one's personality system.
Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew of chickpea in Brazil
Authors: Borges Rafaela C. F. , Santos Maria D. M. , Veloso Josiene S. , Fonseca Maria Esther N. , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Nascimento Warley M. , Reis Ailton 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel powdery mildew disease was observed on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. The morphological features of fungal colonies and conidia were in agreement with those typical for the genus Leveillula. The total DNA of three field‐collected samples were used as template in PCR assays with the pair of primer PMITS1 and PMITS2, targeting the internal transcribed space (ITS) region of Erysiphales isolates. Amplicons were Sanger sequenced and their BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity with a large number of L. taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen identification. Equivalent symptoms were observed on chickpea seedlings after controlled inoculation, fulfilling the Koch's postulates. Leveillula taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates have been reported infecting Fabaceae hosts worldwide, including chickpeas in North America, Africa and Asia. However, this is the first record of L. taurica infecting this crop in Brazil and South America.
Formation and shock impact history of the Csatalja ordinary chondrite
Authors: Gyollai Ildiko , Kereszturi Ákos , Chatzitheodoridis Elias , Kereszty Zsolt , Szabó Máté , Király Csilla , Szalai Zoltan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe analysis of the Csatalja H4 chondrite (which was found in August 2012) suggests shock‐related textures and spatial inhomogeneities, indicating a complex geological history. In the most heavily fractured and sheared units, small opaque grains and older fractures have locally enhanced the shock effect, producing melt. While the impact textures were evident in most units of the meteorite, mechanical shearing is apparent in only two units, suggesting that these units might have been present at somewhat different locations inside the parent body. Shearing also occurred at the border of the so‐called xenolith unit, confirming its mechanical mixing with the other units. Besides fragmentation and melting, chemical changes due to impact have also been identified, producing compositional homogenization of olivines in 30% of the investigated area of the sample's thin section (23 mm2), and moderate accumulation of Fe, Ca, and Na in the strongly shocked zones, initiating crystallization of feldspar in veins with a specific spatial distribution (feldspar glass with metal–sulfide globules). Analyzing the high P–T minerals, the peak shock pressure and temperature values differed substantially in the various units, ranging between 2 and 17 GPa, 100 and >1200 °C. The xenolith unit crystallized more slowly after the impact event and does not show shock impact alterations, suggesting that it was formed in a deeper region of the parent body. This was later shifted to its current surroundings and was lithified (fixed) to the rest of the sample. This “randomly selected” Csatalja sample provides information on the range of the formation temperatures, pressures, and processes that contributed to the heterogeneity of meteorites at the mm spatial scale, in general. The identified heterogeneity is a result not purely of the shock effects but also of the different pre‐shock structural characteristics. The shock also mixed fragments mechanically that have been formed at different environments, with at least several dozens or even 100 m depth in the parent body.
Divergent unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in two highly related model pseudomonads
Authors: Dong Huijuan , Wang Haihong , Cronan John E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe genomes of the best‐studied pseudomonads, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, which share 85% of the predicted coding regions, contain a fabA fabB operon (demonstrated in P. aeruginosa, putative in P. putida). The enzymes encoded by the fabA and fabB genes catalyze the introduction of a double bond into a 10‐carbon precursor which is elongated to the 16:1Δ9 and 18:1Δ11 unsaturated fatty acyl chains required for functional membrane phospholipids. A detailed analysis of transcription of the P. putida fabA fabB gene cluster showed that fabA and fabB constitute an operon and disclosed an unexpected and essential fabB promoter located within the fabA coding sequence. Inactivation of the fabA fabB operon fails to halt the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 but blocks growth of P. putida F1 unless an exogenous unsaturated fatty acid is provided. We report that the asymmetry between these two species is due to the P. aeruginosa PAO1 desA gene which encodes a fatty acid desaturase that introduces double bonds into the 16‐carbon acyl chains of membrane phospholipids. Although P. putida F1 encodes a putative DesA homolog that is 84% identical to the P. aeruginosa PAO1, the protein fails to provide sufficient unsaturated fatty acid synthesis for growth when the FabA FabB pathway is inactivated. We report that the P. putida F1 DesA homolog can functionally replace the P. aeruginosa DesA. Hence, the defect in P. putida F1 desaturation is not due to a defective P. putida F1 DesA protein but probably to a weakly active component of the electron transfer process.
The humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mouse exhibits cerebellar atrophy and movement impairment reminiscent of ataxia
Authors: Milosavljević Filip , Brusini Irene , Atanasov Andrea , Manojlović Marina , Vučić Marija , Oreščanin‐Dušić Zorana , Brkljačić Jelena , Miljević Čedo , Nikolić‐Kokić Aleksandra , Blagojević Duško , Wang Chunliang , Damberg Peter , Pešić Vesna , Tyndale Rachel F. , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Jukić Marin M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsCYP2C19 transgenic mouse expresses the human CYP2C19 gene in the liver and developing brain, and it exhibits altered neurodevelopment associated with impairments in emotionality and locomotion. Because the validation of new animal models is essential for the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of movement disorders, the objective was to characterise motoric phenotype in CYP2C19 transgenic mice and to investigate its validity as a new animal model of ataxia.MethodsThe rotarod, paw‐print and beam‐walking tests were utilised to characterise the motoric phenotype. The volumes of 20 brain regions in CYP2C19 transgenic and wild‐type mice were quantified by 9.4T gadolinium‐enhanced post‐mortem structural neuroimaging. Antioxidative enzymatic activity was quantified biochemically. Dopaminergic alterations were characterised by chromatographic quantification of concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites and by subsequent immunohistochemical analyses. The beam‐walking test was repeated after the treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists ecopipam and raclopride.ResultsCYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit abnormal, unilateral ataxia‐like gait, clasping reflex and 5.6‐fold more paw‐slips in the beam‐walking test; the motoric phenotype was more pronounced in youth. Transgenic mice exhibited a profound reduction of 12% in cerebellar volume and a moderate reduction of 4% in hippocampal volume; both regions exhibited an increased antioxidative enzyme activity. CYP2C19 mice were hyperdopaminergic; however, the motoric impairment was not ameliorated by dopamine receptor antagonists, and there was no alteration in the number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in CYP2C19 mice.ConclusionsHumanised CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit altered gait and functional motoric impairments; this phenotype is likely caused by an aberrant cerebellar development.
Pre‐infection of tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 gene with tomato chlorosis virus did not alter infection with groundnut ringspot virus in the field
Authors: Kraide Heron Delgado , Hasegawa Jorge Massaki , Barbosa Julio Cesar , Camelo‐García Viviana Marcela , Favara Gabriel Madoglio , de Oliveira Felipe Franco , Ferro Camila Geovana , Carmo Eike Yudi Nishimura , Lima Élison Fabrício Bezerra , Bergamin Filho Armando , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTomato crops are affected by various viral diseases. In Brazil, the most frequent of these diseases are caused by the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and orthotospoviruses, mainly groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). Mixed infections can result in synergistic interactions and, in some cases, the breakdown of resistance, as previously reported for the interaction between ToCV and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 orthotospovirus‐resistance gene. This study evaluated the interaction between ToCV and the orthotospoviruses GRSV, TCSV and TSWV in tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 gene, as well as the attractiveness of ToCV‐infected tomato plants to thrips in the field. Greenhouse assays demonstrated that the resistance to infection with GRSV and TCSV was overcome in 17% of the tomato plants previously infected with ToCV. In contrast, ToCV‐pre‐infected plants remained resistant to TSWV. Under field conditions, the incidence of orthotospoviruses was low in resistant tomato cultivars, even with a high incidence of ToCV‐infected tomato plants, indicating the effectiveness of the Sw‐5 gene. ToCV pre‐infection of tomato plants did not influence their attractiveness to thrips. In conclusion, pre‐infection with ToCV did not influence the effectiveness of the Sw‐5 resistance gene against GRSV under field conditions.
Rising top‐income persistence in Australia: Evidence from income tax data
Authors: Hérault Nicolas , Hyslop Dean , Jenkins Stephen P. , Wilkins Roger 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing income tax administrative data for Australia, we examine levels and trends in the persistence in top‐income group membership, focusing on the top 1 percent. Top‐income persistence increased markedly between 1991 and 2018, with most of the increase occurring in the mid‐2000s and early 2010s. In the mid‐ to late‐2010s, Australian top‐income persistence rates were near the top of the range of tax‐data estimates for other countries. We decompose the increase into factors associated with (i) changes in the composition of the top‐income group and (ii) increases in persistence rates for specific population subgroups. We find that the rise in top‐income persistence is accounted for by changes in subgroup persistence rates, notably for individuals aged 35–64, and especially those aged 55–64. We suggest that these effects are partially related to increases in the effective retirement age over the relevant period.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA detection in Polish blood donors and likely transmissions through blood components during the 2017–2019 epidemic
Authors: Sulkowska Ewa , Masny Aleksander , Kalińska Aleksandra , Kopacz Aneta , Kubicka‐Russel Dorota , Marek Maciej , Parczewski Miłosz , Radłowski Dariusz , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Trzcińska Agnieszka , Łetowska Magdalena , Grabarczyk Piotr ,   the Group of Polish Blood Transfusion Centers for blood borne pathogens
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Poland, hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA screening was performed in plasma for fractionation usually immediately before shipment.ObjectiveOur goal was to study epidemiology, rate of transfusion transmitted HAV during epidemic (2017–2019), and viral characteristics of infected plasma donors.Study Design and MethodsHAV RNA was tested in 1,866,590 donations from 1,210,423 donors using RT‐PCR in mini pools of 96 (MP96) or TMA in MP16. Virological characteristics included RNA level (RL), antibody testing, and sequencing.ResultsTwenty‐one HAV infections were identified (1.13/100,000 donations; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.74–1.72) and (1.73/100,000 donors; 95% CI: 1.35–2.65). The Blood Transfusion Centers were also informed about three donors, who were hospitalized for hepatitis A soon after their blood donation. In addition, we identified a donor, who had reactive result for HAV after receiving HAV vaccination. He tested positive twice 10 days after receiving the first and the second dose.The highest RL was 16 million IU/ml, mean 1,706,905 IU/ml, and median 220 IU/ml. The longest detectable RL lasted for 113 days. HAV‐infected donors were seronegative (36%) or IgM positive (64%).We followed up on 12 HAV contaminated blood components issued for transfusion. In two out of seven identified patients viral transmission was confirmed (28.6%).ConclusionBased on our results, we propose a 6 month deferral after HAV infection and 14 days post HAV vaccination. The infectivity rate was below 30%. The HAV RNA testing could be considered as an additional safeguard against HAV transmission at the time of increased incidence of HAV infections in the general population.
Description of a novel ultrasound‐guided percutaneous dilatational esophagostomy tube placement in dog cadavers
Authors: Liao Pen‐Ting , Lawson Corinne M. , Zellner Eric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutritional support has become an essential part of modern veterinary medicine. Among different techniques, esophagostomy tubes have been used extensively in dogs and cats. However, general anesthesia is typically required due to the critical step of passing an instrument orally to allow identification of the esophagus in the midcervical region. Therefore, clinicians commonly face a conundrum of poor general anesthesia candidacy for those who need an esophagostomy tube placed. Additionally, esophagostomy tubes are not a viable option for patients that have difficulty opening their mouth. Ideally, a technique that circumvents the step of passing an instrument orally would be developed.Key FindingsWe report the successful development of a novel technique for esophagostomy tube placement using ultrasound guidance and serial percutaneous dilatation of the stoma in canine cadavers. Ultrasound guidance allowed for identification and avoidance of several vital structures in the cervical region.SignificanceThis is the first report of an esophagostomy tube placement technique that circumvents the step of passing any instrument orally to identify the esophagus in the midcervical region. Future studies are warranted to determine if this technique can be performed in live dogs.
A Method for Determining Unsteady-State Heat Transfer by Means of an Electrical Analogy
Authors: Paschkis Victor , Baker H. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The known methods for solving unsteady-state or transient-heat-flow problems in solids are reviewed. The method of solution by means of an electric model is explained. A proof experiment is described. Finally, a permanent model, constructed at Columbia University, is described.
Vaporization Inside Horizontal Tubes—II Benzene-Oil Mixtures
Authors: McAdams W. H. , Woods W. K. , Heroman L. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports an investigation carried out to determine heat-transfer coefficients and pressure drops for mixtures of benzene and lubricating oil flowing inside a heated horizontal tube, and also includes an analysis of the pressure drops for the runs previously reported (1) for the flow of benzene and of water. The present data cover the following ranges: Velocity, 0.4 to 1.0 fps at the inlet and 16 to 200 fps at the outlet; feed composition, 13 to 94 weight per cent benzene; gage steam pressures, 2 to 120 psi; product compositions, 4 to 76 weight per cent benzene; total pressure drops, 1 to 12 psi. Average over-all coefficients of heat transfer, in Btu per hr per sq ft per deg F, range from 40 to 140 in the preheating section, and 45 to 470 in the boiling section. For a given feed composition the average coefficients per pass in the boiling section increase as vaporization progresses, but pass through a maximum and decrease due to depletion of volatile solvent in the liquid phase. When the same data are grouped by composition of the liquid phase, rather than that of the feed, curves are obtained which are very similar to those obtained for pure liquids.
Combustion of Pulverized Fuel—Mechanism and Rate of Combustion of Low-Density Fractions of Certain Bituminous Coals
Authors: Orning A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of the investigation reported in this paper, individual particles of burning coal were studied, using all convenient means of observing the burning process and examining the residues which might be obtained. Using Pittsburgh seam coal and Pocahontas No. 3 seam coal, it was found that the particles were blown into cenospheres before they ignited. The exposures just required to make an impression on the photographic film were used to estimate the temperature history of individual particles. With the available furnace temperatures, less than 1000 C, the degree of combustion depended upon the ability of the particles to maintain themselves above about 1400 C. The degree of combustion increased with increasing furnace temperature in the region where the cenospheres were formed. Photographs of partially burned cenospheres and data on the relation of particle size to burning time were obtained.
The Application of Cathodic Protection for Corrosion Prevention
Authors: Sullivan R. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The application of cathodic protection for the prevention of corrosion, either as the primary protective agent or in conjunction with external coatings, has been successfully and economically utilized on a variety of types of buried or submerged metal structures. This paper presents a short review of the subject of corrosion in general. However, it is devoted principally to the practical application of cathodic protection to numerous metallic structures. Sections are included covering the various types of equipment, the method of testing and keeping records in checking the operation of cathodic-protection installations, ground beds, preliminary survey methods, and illustrated descriptions of certain installations, such as pipe lines and oil-storage-tank farms.
Effect of a Reduced Oil Flow Rate on the Static and Dynamic Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Running in Both the Flooded and Evacuated Conditions
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Alcantar Andy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanical efficiency of rotating machinery improves as drag power losses in bearings reduce; hence, an operation mode that reduces the supplied flow brings immediate benefits. The paper presents measurements of the static and dynamic load performance conducted with a tilting pad journal bearing configured as flooded and evacuated, and supplied with flow rates from 150% to ∼25% (or lesser) of a nominal magnitude, proportional to shaft speed. The lubricant is ISO VG 46 oil supplied at 60 °C. The four pads bearing has center pivots with single orifice feeds for the flooded condition and spray bar injection for the evacuated condition. The shaft, 102 mm in diameter, operates at two speeds, 6 and 12 krpm (= 64 m/s surface speed), while a static load is applied between pads (LBP). The specific loads equal 345, 1034, and 2068 kPa. A reduction in flowrate makes both bearings operate more eccentrically. The evacuated bearing operates at a larger eccentricity, which for the lowest flowrate does not align with the direction of the applied load, hence displaying a sizable attitude angle. Pad subsurface temperatures are similar for both bearing configurations, although the evacuated bearing is colder by a few degrees Celsius. Drag power losses derived from the oil exit temperatures show the evacuated bearing produces up to ∼40% lesser power loss than the flooded bearing for a nominal oil flowrate. The bearings direct stiffnesses, Kxx and Kyy, increase with applied load and show little dependency on shaft speed. The evacuated bearing has lower magnitude stiffnesses, 20% or so lesser, than the flooded bearing. Damping coefficients, Cxx ∼ Cyy, reduce in magnitude as the flowrate decreases. In particular for low flow rates, 35% or lower, the evacuated bearing shows rather small (though highly uncertain) damping coefficients. For sufficiently small flow rates, operation at 6 krpm shaft speed and under the smallest applied unit load (345 kPa) produced subsynchronous shaft vibrations with a broad band spectrum (subsynchronous shaft vibrations (SSV) hash). The evacuated bearing produced SSV hash at flow rates equal to 30% or so of nominal, while the flooded bearing demanded very low flow rates (∼15% and lesser of nominal) to produce SSV hash. For both bearings, the SSV amplitude motions were rather small in amplitude. The experimental campaign demonstrates that tilting pad bearings (flooded and evacuated) can safely operate with a reduced flowrate (50% or so of nominal) to produce significant savings in drag power losses and without significant effect on the pads' metal temperatures that could affect the bearing long-term operation.