bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of cutaneous‐type pemphigus vulgaris and a case of pemphigus foliaceus without mucosal involvement despite high anti‐desmoglein 3 autoantibody levels
Authors: Terada Akari , Akasaka Eijiro , Nakano Hajime , Sawamura Daisuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease with two major subtypes, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Although most patients with PV show oral lesions, cutaneous type PV (C‐PV) is a rare subtype clinically characterized by predominant cutaneous involvement with no or subtle mucosal lesions. Patients with PF present with only skin involvement; they do not have mucosal lesions. Serologically, autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and Dsg1 are observed in C‐PV whereas PF is associated with anti‐Dsg1 antibodies only. Herein, we describe three cases of pemphigus presenting with predominant skin lesions and no mucosal involvement despite high anti‐Dsg 3 autoantibody levels in chemiluminescent enzyme immune assays (CLEIAs). In addition, anti‐Dsg 1 autoantibodies were positive in patients 2 and 3, but negative in patient 1 based on CLEIAs. Histological examination of the skin showed suprabasal acantholysis in patients 1 and 2, and blister formation in the upper epidermis in patient 3. Histopathology of the oral membrane in patients 1 and 2 showed subtle acantholysis in the suprabasal layer. Thus, we diagnosed patients 1 and 2 as having cutaneous type PV and patient 3 as having PF. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐treated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a low proportion of anti‐Dsg3 autoantibodies recognizing Ca2+‐dependent epitopes, antibodies against which are thought to be the main contributor to acantholysis. Thus, along with Dsg1 antibodies, weak anti‐Dsg3 antibodies could induce acantholysis in the skin, but they are insufficient to induce mucosal lesions.
Context‐dependent evolution of high trophic position drives functional disparity in subterranean crustaceans
Authors: Premate Ester , Borko Špela , Altermatt Florian , Fišer Cene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Species performance depends on the concerted interplay of their functional traits. Natural selection acts on the performance of the species and influences entire suits of interdependent functional traits, thereby driving the evolution of functional diversity (FD) within a clade.

In a given habitat, interdependent functional traits are expected to integrate into only a few adaptive combinations. When a clade diversifies in different habitats, the FD within habitats (herein called α‐FD) diversifies in response to local selections, while between the habitats, alternative adaptive combinations of interdependent traits that are specific to the habitat emerge. This multivariate selection leads to two hypotheses. First, realized α‐FD within one habitat represents only a small fraction of the variation of functional traits, and second, realized FDs across habitats (hereafter called β‐FD) are equal to or greater than would be in the absence of the interdependence of functional traits.

We tested these hypotheses using 185 species of the highly diverse subterranean amphipod genus Niphargus living in three habitats: river interstitial, cave lakes, and cave streams. We (i) explored integration of functional traits related to locomotion and feeding biology and tested (ii) if realized α‐FD within each habitat is lower than it would be without trait interdependence, and (iii) if realized β‐FD in pairwise comparisons of habitats is higher than it would be without trait interdependence.

In all three habitats, the length of the appendages as a proxy of the locomotion speed was positively correlated with the trophic position of the species. On the contrary, the body shape correlations were habitat dependent: species in high trophic positions were slender, stout or invariant in shape in interstitial, cave streams and cave lakes, respectively.

Using null models, we show that only a fraction of functional trait combinations was realized in each habitat, whereas β‐FD between habitats was equal to or greater than the null expectations.

The results indicate preserved potential for diversification in species within and between habitats. This potential can be realized through hybridization and can drive diversification in adaptive radiations. Moreover, this perspective on the evolution of FD is compatible with several central ecological and evolutionary concepts, such as adaptive landscape or ecological niche theory.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Conserving habitat for migratory ungulates: How wide is a migration corridor?
Authors: Merkle Jerod A. , Lowrey Blake , Wallace Cody F. , Hall L. Embere , Wilde Luke , Kauffman Matthew J. , Sawyer Hall 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Conserving migratory ungulates relies on the analysis of GPS collar data and associated maps of migration corridors to inform management and policy actions. Current methods for identifying migratory corridors use complex statistical models designed to account for movement uncertainty rather than estimating the amount of space required by animals to migrate. Furthermore, such methods can complicate conservation efforts by producing highly variable corridor widths and non‐contiguous corridors that do not fully connect seasonal ranges.

To remedy, we propose an intuitive line buffer approach for delineating individual migration corridors that is simple to implement and focuses on the functional corridor widths needed by migratory ungulates.

By buffering a line that connects successive GPS locations, we can delineate individual migration corridors with consistent widths that are robust to variable parameters (GPS fix rate, travel speed, tortuosity) and provide contiguous connection between seasonal ranges. Using a combination of expert knowledge, simulation and 10‐min GPS collar data collected from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), we suggest 400–600 m are reasonable estimates of functional migration corridor widths for individuals of those species.

Synthesis and applications. Our line buffer approach is intended to simplify migration corridor delineation, improve transparency and encourage a broader discussion of functional corridor widths. These considerations help advance efforts to conserve habitat within migration corridors and prioritize conservation efforts within a single corridor or across multiple corridors.
Automated face recognition using deep neural networks produces robust primate social networks and sociality measures
Authors: Schofield Daniel P. , Albery Gregory F. , Firth Josh A. , Mielke Alexander , Hayashi Misato , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Biro Dora , Carvalho Susana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLongitudinal video archives of behaviour are crucial for examining how sociality shifts over the lifespan in wild animals. New approaches adopting computer vision technology hold serious potential to capture interactions and associations between individuals in video at large scale; however, such approaches need a priori validation, as methods of sampling and defining edges for social networks can substantially impact results.Here, we apply a deep learning face recognition model to generate association networks of wild chimpanzees using 17 years of a video archive from Bossou, Guinea. Using 7 million detections from 100 h of video footage, we examined how varying the size of fixed temporal windows (i.e. aggregation rates) for defining edges impact individual‐level gregariousness scores.The highest and lowest aggregation rates produced divergent values, indicating that different rates of aggregation capture different association patterns. To avoid any potential bias from false positives and negatives from automated detection, an intermediate aggregation rate should be used to reduce error across multiple variables. Individual‐level network‐derived traits were highly repeatable, indicating strong inter‐individual variation in association patterns across years and highlighting the reliability of the method to capture consistent individual‐level patterns of sociality over time. We found no reliable effects of age and sex on social behaviour and despite a significant drop in population size over the study period, individual estimates of gregariousness remained stable over time.We believe that our automated framework will be of broad utility to ethology and conservation, enabling the investigation of animal social behaviour from video footage at large scale, low cost and high reproducibility. We explore the implications of our findings for understanding variation in sociality patterns in wild ape populations. Furthermore, we examine the trade‐offs involved in using face recognition technology to generate social networks and sociality measures. Finally, we outline the steps for the broader deployment of this technology for analysis of large‐scale datasets in ecology and evolution.
Comparative anatomy of the mitral valve in four species (human, ovine, porcine and canine): A pre‐clinical perspective
Authors: Alexis Morlet , Laurence Fiette , Marie‐Aude Genain , Christian Latrémouille , Nicolas Borenstein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to provide comparative anatomical data on the mitral valve and to substantiate the choice between large species for pre‐clinical testing of cardiac devices. Different anatomical parameters of the anterior and posterior leaflets, chordae and papillary muscles were measured to characterize the anatomy of the mitral valve in 10 individuals for each four species. Ratios were calculated and used to circumvent the interspecies variations of body and heart size and weight. The results underline many relevant anatomical similarities and differences between man and the three animal species. We confirm that the porcine species is a better model based on anatomical measurements. But many parameters should be considered depending on the shape, size and purpose of the device. The mitral and aortic valve are closer than in man leading to potential damage of the aortic valve by a mitral device. The ovine mitral annulus is more flattened and would sustain more mechanical forces on a round‐shaped stent. The anterior and posterior leaflets have comparable height in the animal species leading to more space for implantation. The porcine valve has more chordae allowing less space around the valve for a transcatheter stent. Our observations introduce new comparative data in the perspective of the choice of a large animal model for pre‐clinical testing of mitral devices. They are very helpful for all cardiologists, surgeons or engineers who need to understand the reasons for success or failure of a device and to have key elements of discussion.
Feasibility and safety of a surgical training program in total laparoscopic hysterectomy: Results of a pilot trial
Authors: Obermair Andreas , Hanna George B. , Gebski Val , Graves Nicholas , Coleman Mark G , Sanjida Saira , Horsham Caitlin , Rao Archana , Janda Monika 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundIt is widely accepted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and vaginal hysterectomy are less invasive procedures compared to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). However, rates of TAH remain unreasonably high.AimTo pilot‐test a model of training for practising obstetricians and gynaecologists (O&Gs) in TLH.Materials and MethodsTraining of participating O&Gs was conducted across four hospitals in Queensland, Australia, while other O&Gs were observed as contemporary controls. Type of hysterectomy, details of the surgery, including adverse events, were collected from hospital medical records.ResultsEleven O&Gs completed the pre‐intervention and intervention training periods, and nine completed the post‐intervention follow‐up. TLH rates increased from 24% prior to 75% during and 68% after intervention. Overall, the uptake rate of TLH showed a two‐fold increase during the intervention period (2.08, 95% CI: 1.16–8.56, P < 0.001) and a 12% increase was retained during the follow‐up period (1.12, 95% CI: 0.54–4.02, P = 0.427). Pre‐intervention, across all sites, 24% of hysterectomies were performed via TAH by the participating specialist trainees, which decreased to 13% during the intervention and 14% during follow‐up. The rate of adverse events decreased from 13.5% at pre‐intervention, to 6.4% during and 4.2% post‐intervention. By comparison, no change in surgical approach or rate of adverse events was observed in the control group.ConclusionsThe implementation of a formal and structured surgical training program teaching TLH resulted in important benefits to trainees, patients and society in the four trial hospitals.
Development of the national bariatric prioritization tool in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Srikumar Gajan , Schroeder David , McEwan Christopher , MacCormick Andrew D. ,   the Bariatric Prioritisation Tool Working Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery is a proven effective method of reducing obesity and reversing or preventing obesity‐related comorbidities. The aim of this study is to describe the development of a tool to assist with the prioritization of patients with obesity for bariatric surgery. The tool would meet the criteria for being evidence‐based, fair, implementable and transparent.MethodsThe development of the tool involved a validated step‐by‐step process based on the consensus of clinical judgement of the New Zealand Ministry of Health working party. The process involved elicitation of criteria, clinical ranking of vignettes and creation of weightings using the 1000Minds® tool. The concurrent validity was tested by comparing tool rankings of vignettes to clinical judgement rankings.ResultsFour major criteria (impact on life, likelihood of achieving maximum benefit with respect to control of diabetes, duration of benefit and surgical risk) are used to characterize the need and potential to benefit. The impact on life criterion has the largest weighting (up to 44.3%). There was good concurrent validity with a correlation coefficient r = 0.67.ConclusionThe tool as presented is evidence‐based, transparent and internally valid. The next step is to assess the predictive validity of the tool using real patient data to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool and determine what modifications may be required.
Rituximab–bortezomib–dexamethasone induce high response rates in iMCD in clinical practice
Authors: Yin Xuejiao , Liu Yi , Zhong Chengli , Lv Yunfei , Xu Dan , Zhu Li , Jin Jie , Meng Haitao , You Liangshun 
Published: July 2023

SummaryTreatment options for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) are currently limited, especially for patients who do not respond or are resistant to interleukin‐6 inhibitors. For the first time, we innovatively designed a protocol using rituximab–bortezomib–dexamethasone (RVD) as first‐line consolidation therapy in patients newly diagnosed with iMCD. Furthermore, we adopted a no‐maintenance treatment strategy to simplify post‐remission care. Five patients with iMCD were enrolled (including one with TAFRO syndrome) and underwent the RVD regimen, all of whom achieved partial response (PR) or better. After four cycles of RVD, three (60%) patients achieved PR, while one (20%) achieved a complete response. These five patients, who achieved PR or better, discontinued treatment but remained stable for a median follow‐up of 11 months, with a duration of response of 7, 7, 10, 12 and 13 months, respectively. None of the patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events during the observation period. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the RVD regimen may be a promising treatment option for patients with iMCD. It was a safe and effective approach that resulted in lasting responses without the need for ongoing maintenance therapy.
Attachment style and children and young people with chronic dermatological conditions
Authors: Soon Kristina , Shipton Anna , Wray Jo , Butler Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermatological conditions are common in childhood and, in their more severe forms, can cause pain, disability and social marginalisation. Despite attachment being a known factor contributing to psychological and physiological development in childhood and several adult studies showing associations between attachment and dermatology outcomes (Tomas‐Aragones, 2018), attachment in young dermatology patients has not been investigated.ObjectivesThis study examined if (1) 8–16‐year‐olds with chronic dermatological conditions were more likely to show attachment insecurity than general population peers; (2) attachment style was linked to psychological functioning; and (3) facial involvement was associated with attachment insecurity.MethodOne hundred and twenty‐two 8–16‐year‐olds attending a specialist paediatric dermatological service were compared on the Child Attachment Interview (CAI) to general population data. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to measure psychosocial functioning.ResultsThe dermatology group was significantly more likely to be insecurely attached than their general population peers (χ2[1] = 4.76, p < .05). The secure group self‐reported significantly better psychological functioning on all indices compared with the insecure group (Total Difficulties: F[1,89] = 15.30, p < .001). There were no significant differences between secure and insecure groups on parent‐reported psychological measures (Total Difficulties: F[1,94] = 0.67, p = .42). Children with facial involvement were not significantly more likely to be insecurely attached.ConclusionsIncreased risk of attachment insecurity, particularly in the anxious pre‐occupied category, as well as an association between attachment and psychosocial functioning resonated with adult studies suggesting that further research about the role of attachment with young dermatology patients is warranted.
Beyond linearity: Using IRT‐scaled level models to describe the relation between prior proportional reasoning skills and fraction learning outcomes
Authors: Schadl Constanze , Ufer Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious research on the role of prior skills like proportional reasoning skills for the development of mathematical concepts offers conclusions such as “more (prior skills) is better (for later learning).” Insights, which prior skill level goes along with which level of learning outcomes, may advance the understanding of the development of mathematical concepts. An exploratory approach is presented based on level models to describe the relation between symbolic proportional reasoning skills and fraction outcomes beyond linearity. Analyses draw on samples of German fourth to sixth graders from a scaling (2017, N = 325, 54.8% female) and longitudinal study (2018/2019, N = 436, 42.7% female). Particularly mastering natural and internal rational ratios in proportional reasoning seems relevant for successful fraction learning.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant‐supported zirconia fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extension: A proof‐of‐principle study with a follow‐up of at least 1 year
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Morandini Michele , Stähli Alexandra , Imber Jean‐Claude , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo test the reliability of full zirconia implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extension (FDPCs) after at least 1 year of function.Materials and MethodsThirty‐five patients in need of implant‐supported single unit crowns (SUC) and FDPCs in posterior areas were enrolled. After implant placement, patients were rehabilitated with screw‐retained full‐zirconia FDPCs. Implant survival rate, pocket probing depth (PPD), presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BoP), and presence/absence of mechanical/technical complications were recorded. Mesial and distal radiographic marginal bone levels (mBLs) from baseline (i.e., recall appointment 3–6 months after implant loading [T0]) to the follow‐up examination (i.e., latest recall appointment after at least 12 months after T0 [T1]), were calculated.ResultsThirty patients with 34 FDPCs (31 SUCs and 3 FDPs) supported by 37 implants were available for analysis after a mean loading time of 2.6 ± 1.5 years (range: 13–87 months). No implants were lost. MBLs and mean PPD values did not change statistically significantly from T0 to T1 from 0.92 mm ± 0.42 to 0.96 mm ± 0.38 (95% CI: −0.07/0.17; p = .418) and from 2.99 mm ± 0.70 to 3.27 mm ± 0.71 (95% CI: −0.11/0.68; p = .25) respectively. Peri‐implant mucositis was diagnosed in 22 cases. Screw‐loosening and zirconia chipping occurred 1× in 4 patients.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present proof‐of‐principle study, the use of full‐zirconia FDPCs in posterior areas seems a valid and safe short‐term treatment option.
Digital ink‐jet printing of regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats with reactive inks
Authors: Sattar Asifa , Khatri Awais , Ali Shamshad , Ahmed Farooq 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe versatility of nanofibres enables them to be used for various technological applications such as filtration, biomedicine and healthcare, composites, protective and functional textiles. Recently, in addition to the functional properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, their aesthetic properties have been explored. Herein, attempts have been made to develop digital ink‐jet printing of regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats with reactive inks. First, a cellulose acetate polymer was created to fabricate electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats, which were then converted into regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats through deacetylation. Next, the cellulose nanofibrous mats were treated with an alkaline solution then coloured with four (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) commercially available reactive inks by a digital ink‐jet printing method using a piezoelectric digital ink‐jet printer. Various parameters were investigated, including the optimal concentration of the pretreatment agents, fixation temperature and time, colour yield and the absorbency of the electrospun nanofibrous mats. The digital ink‐jet printed cellulose nanofibrous mats exhibited excellent colour yield and colour fastness properties. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis through Fourier Transform–infrared were also carried out.
Comparison of deformation behavior between creep and fatigue on siltstone and its modified damage model
Authors: Yang Pengjin , Miao Shengjun , Wang Hui , Li Conghao , Shang Xiangfan , Xia Daohong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to reveal the deformation behavior similarity between creep and fatigue, a series of creep and cyclic load tests were performed on siltstone under various load levels. First, the mechanical characteristics of creep and fatigue were compared, by analyzing the strength, ultimate strain, and steady deformation rate of siltstone. Then, a modified fatigue damage creep model was established by connecting a viscoplastic damage element in series with Burgers mode. Finally, the applicability of the model was verified, and the model parameters were analyzed. The results show that the fatigue failure of siltstone is controlled by fatigue strength and limit strain. The modified fatigue damage creep model can accurately describe the whole deformation process of siltstone under cyclic load test. Compared with creep test, the cyclic load hardly affects the elastic modulus of this model. However, the viscosity coefficient of this model is greatly weakened by the cyclic load.