bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacial meltwater and sediment resuspension can be important sources of dissolved and total dissolvable aluminum and manganese to coastal ocean surface waters
Authors: Michael Susanna M. , Crusius John , Schroth Andrew W. , Campbell Robert , Resing Joseph A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe supply of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) to the Gulf of Alaska from coastal sources is poorly constrained. Here, we investigate the seasonality of sources to better constrain Al and Mn cycling in the coastal Gulf of Alaska region and add to our understanding of seasonal and interannual inputs. We examine Mn and Al behavior over the shelf to distinguish between redox‐induced release of dissolved trace metals (i.e., diffusion from sediments), sediment resuspension, and meltwater release. Data suggest that, prior to the onset of stratification in the spring, shelf sediment resuspension from deep mixing is an important mechanism for trace metal delivery to surface waters. As spring and summer ensue, increased meltwater discharge coupled with increased surface water temperatures result in stratification of the water column within the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and meltwater becomes a more important source of Al and Mn to the surface waters. The limited data available suggest that a redox‐driven flux of Mn from shelf sediments is not as important as the meltwater flux during the summer. In addition, dissolved trace metal concentrations in meltwater‐influenced plumes over the shelf exhibit conservative mixing, while particulate trace metal concentrations do not behave conservatively. This indicates that there are different physical controls (particle settling vs. mixing) on the spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate Al and Mn in coastal waters, the manifestation of which are likely highly variable and dependent on the trace metal composition of the river and the hydrodynamics governing this interaction at any given time.
Individualised human phenotype ontology gene panels improve clinical whole exome and genome sequencing analytical efficacy in a cohort of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Henry Olivia J. , Stödberg Tommy , Båtelson Sofia , Rasi Chiara , Stranneheim Henrik , Wedell Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of genetic epilepsies remain unsolved in terms of specific genotype. Phenotype‐based genomic analyses have shown potential to strengthen genomic analysis in various ways, including improving analytical efficacy.MethodsWe have tested a standardised phenotyping method termed ‘Phenomodels’ for integrating deep‐phenotyping information with our in‐house developed clinical whole exome/genome sequencing analytical pipeline. Phenomodels includes a user‐friendly epilepsy phenotyping template and an objective measure for selecting which template terms to include in individualised Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) gene panels. In a pilot study of 38 previously solved cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of the individualised HPO gene panels with the clinical epilepsy gene panel.ResultsThe Phenomodels template showed high sensitivity for capturing relevant phenotypic information, where 37/38 individuals' HPO gene panels included the causative gene. The HPO gene panels also had far fewer variants to assess than the epilepsy gene panel.ConclusionWe have demonstrated a viable approach for incorporating standardised phenotype information into clinical genomic analyses, which may enable more efficient analysis.
A simple decoupling method applied in gain improvement of a planar array antenna
Authors: Yang Xu , Yu Li , Li Lin , Zhang Kai , Long Mao , Wan Jixiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 4 × 4 patch array antenna based on loading shorting vias is proposed in this letter. The excitation method of the array antenna adopts stripline coupling feed, leading to a strong mutual coupling between the adjacent elements. The realized gain and impedance match are deteriorated seriously. Then, eight groups of metallic vias are introduced to the array antenna. By adjusting their number and spacing, the radiation performance of the array antenna can be improved significantly. Finally, the experiment results show that the proposed array antenna resonates at 5.4 GHz. Compared with the antenna without shorting vias, one resonance point caused by the mutual coupling can be removed within 5.34 GHz to 5.46 GHz. The gain drops unexpectedly, which is improved as well.
Evaluation of Population Characteristic Differences between the Largemouth Bass and Its Backcross Following a Long-Term Florida Bass Stocking Effort
Authors: Lusk Sean C. , Middaugh Christopher R. , Asher Allison M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Management agencies throughout the southern United States widely stock Florida Bass (FLB) Micropterus floridanus into extant Largemouth Bass (LMB) M. salmoides populations, with the intent of increasing the trophy potential of those water bodies. These stockings commonly lead to a shift in the systemwide genetic composition toward a population dominated by hybrids, which are predominantly LMB with low levels of FLB alleles (FX-LMB). Despite the increasing prevalence of FX-LMB throughout the Southeast, little work has examined FX-LMB population vital rates and whether these hybrids increase the trophy potential of a water body. Our study fills a void in existing research by comparing the population characteristics of FX-LMB and LMB using a common garden experimental design. Lake Ouachita is a large Arkansas reservoir that was stocked with over 800,000 fingerling FLB between 2007 and 2015. In 2019, we collected 1,000 bass from throughout the reservoir and determined the level of FLB introgression for each fish by using a panel of species-diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We then tested for relationships between the percentage of FLB alleles or genotype and the age at 50% maturity, total annual mortality rate, size structure, condition, and growth. In addition, we compared tournament catches of large bass during the pre- and poststocking time periods to test whether catch rates of 2.3-kg and larger bass increased after FLB stockings. Our results indicated that FX-LMB hybrids likely do not mature earlier, survive longer, have better body condition, or have greater growth potential than native LMB in Lake Ouachita. We also did not observe differences in the number of hours to catch a 2.3-kg or larger bass or in the number of 2.3-kg and larger bass captured per tournament between the pre- and poststocking time periods. We conclude that a stocking program resulting in a subtle shift in the genetic composition toward the FX-LMB genotype will not effectively increase the trophy potential of a population.
Electrochemical Determination of Chloroquine Phosphate in Real Samples Using a Diresorcinate‐1,10‐phenanthrolinecobalt(II)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Kassa Adane , Tigineh Getinet Tamiru , Abebe Atakilt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChloroquine phosphate (CQP) is used for malaria treatment. As it is facing increasing resistance, it needs continuous monitoring using sensitive and specific detection methods. In this work, a voltammetric sensor was prepared by electropolymerization of a diresorcinate‐1,10‐phenanthrolinecobalt(II) complex on a glassy carbon electrode (poly(DHRPCo)/GCE) which was followingly characterized. Compared with a bare GCE, CQP showed single well shaped irreversible oxidative peak at the poly(DHRPCo)/GCE. The peak current showed excellent linearity with CQP concentration in the range of 0.005–300.0 μm with a detection limit of 0.39 nm. The response of CQP at poly(DHRPCo)/GCE was not influenced by the presence of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacillin and paracetamol in addition to its high stability and reproducibility. It was applied for detection of CQP in various real samples, including three brands of tablets, human blood serum, and urine samples. The detected amount in tablets were in the range 98.4–103.2 % of their labeled value. Spike recovery results in human blood serum, urine, and tablet samples were 99.35–100.28 %, 99.03–100.32 %, and 98.40–100.41 %, respectively. Interference recovery results with less than 4.60 % error, the lower limit of detection and the wider dynamic range than most of the previously reported methods validate the potential applicability of the proposed method for CQP determination in various real samples with complex matrices.
New 2.5‐Dtwin screw extruder model for the feed section of a co‐rotating twin screw extruder with comparisons to data
Authors: Campbell Gregory A. , Wetzel Mark D. , Andersen Paul , Golba Joseph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany polymers are processed and compounded in co‐rotating, fully intermeshing twin screw (TS) extruders. The typical compounding process consists of multiple unit operations including feed introduction, conveying solids away from the feed zone, transitioning from the conveying zone to the kneading block (KB) melting zone, melting, a downstream feed zone, a downstream mixing zone, a devolatilization region, and a pressure generating discharge section. This paper will focus on the first of these unit operations, the conveying of pellets in a partially filled screw leading to compaction and pressure generation in the full screw channel prior to the KB melting zone. Mechanisms for pellet conveying, for heating the polymer pellets, and for developing pressure at the end of the solids conveying screw elements are first presented for low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The predictions of the model are also compared with a classical set of experiments on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The model is then tested using published characteristics of a polyamide‐type polymer. This paper focuses on the physics and engineering concepts that are inherent in the feed section of the TS extruder where the pressure is calculated using the friction of the polymer pellets. The effects of throughput,Q, at a constant rotation speed,N, are examined. Low and highQ/Nratios have significantly different axial pressure profiles.
Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of (Het)aryl Ketones: An Approach from their Synthesis to Biological Perspectives
Authors: Karakaya Idris , Rizwan Komal , Munir Shahid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSynthetic protocols capable of incorporating acyl based functional moieties have been proved fruitful to develop variety of carbonyl containing organic molecules. Substituted‐aromatic ketones are important motifs in different natural products and biologically active pharmaceuticals. Substituted aromatic ketones based compounds have been proved effective as antioxidant, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antimitotic, anticholinergic, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, antipsychotic age, anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antiviral agents, Transition metals are necessary part of modern catalytic systems for carbonylative transformations. Carbonylative coupling reaction involves direct introduction of carbonyl fragment for synthesis of biaryls, aryl/alkyl ketones through transition metals based catalytic systems. In this review, we have reported the synthesis of biaryls, aryl/alkyl ketones by using different feed stocks in presence of various transition metal catalysts.
Perovskite‐Type Manganese Vanadate Sonosensitizers with Biodegradability for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Sun Lina , Cao Yi , Li Wenjing , Wang Li , Ding Pi , Lu Zhongzhong , Ma Fanshu , Wang Zheng , Pei Renjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted intensive attention, but is still hindered by low sonosensitization and non‐biodegradability of the traditional sonosensitizers. Herein, perovskite‐type manganese vanadate (MnVO3) sonosensitizers integrating high reactive oxide species (ROS) production efficiency and appropriate bio‐degradability are developed for enhanced SDT. Taking advantage of the intrinsic properties of perovskites such as narrow bandgap and substantial oxygen vacancies, MnVO3 shows a facile ultrasound (US)‐triggered electrons‐holes separation and restrained recombination, thus enhancing the ROS quantum yield in SDT. Furthermore, MnVO3 exhibits a considerable chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effect under the acidic condition probably owing to the presence of manganese and vanadium ions. Due to the presence of high‐valent vanadium, MnVO3 can also eliminate glutathione (GSH) within the tumor microenvironment, which synergistically amplifies the efficacy of SDT and CDT. Importantly, the perovskite structure bestows MnVO3 with superior biodegradability, which alleviates the long‐term presence of residues in metabolic organs after therapeutic actions. Based on these characteristics, US‐assisted MnVO3 achieves an excellent antitumor outcome along with low systemic toxicity. Overall, perovskite‐type MnVO3 may be promising sonosensitizers for highly efficient and safe treatment of cancer. The work attempts to explore the potential utility of perovskites in the design of degradable sonosensitizers.
Stimuli‐Responsive Silica Silanol Conjugates: Strategic Nanoarchitectonics in Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Mohanan Shan , Guan Xinwei , Liang Mingtao , Karakoti Ajay , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe design of novel drug delivery systems is exceptionally critical in disease treatments. Among the existing drug delivery systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown profuse promise owing to their structural stability, tunable morphologies/sizes, and ability to load different payload chemistry. Significantly, the presence of surface silanol groups enables functionalization with relevant drugs, imaging, and targeting agents, promoting their utility and popularity among researchers. Stimuli‐responsive silanol conjugates have been developed as a novel, more effective way to conjugate, deliver, and release therapeutic drugs on demand and precisely to the selected location. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize the current understanding and the surface silanols’ role in making MSN a versatile drug delivery platform. This review provides an analytical understanding of the surface silanols, chemistry, identification methods, and their property–performance correlation. The chemistry involved in converting surface silanols to a stimuli‐responsive silica delivery system by endogenous/exogenous stimuli, including pH, redox potential, temperature, and hypoxia, is discussed in depth. Different chemistries for converting surface silanols to stimuli‐responsive bonds are discussed in the context of drug delivery. The critical discussion is culminated by outlining the challenges in identifying silanols’ role and overcoming the limitations in synthesizing stimuli‐responsive mesoporous silica‐based drug delivery systems.
Sustainable Thermal Energy Batteries from Fully Bio‐Based Transparent Wood
Authors: Montanari Céline , Chen Hui , Lidfeldt Matilda , Gunnarsson Josefin , Olsén Peter , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe sustainable development of functional energy‐saving building materials is important for reducing thermal energy consumption and promoting natural indoor lighting. Phase‐change materials embedded in wood‐based materials are candidates for thermal energy storage. However, the renewable resource content is usually insufficient, the energy storage and mechanical properties are poor, and the sustainability aspect is unexplored. Here a novel fully bio‐based transparent wood (TW) biocomposite for thermal energy storage, combining excellent heat storage properties, tunable optical transmittance, and mechanical performance is introduced. A bio‐based matrix based on a synthesized limonene acrylate monomer and renewable 1‐dodecanol is impregnated and in situ polymerized within mesoporous wood substrates. The TW demonstrates high latent heat (89 J g−1) exceeding commercial gypsum panels, combined with thermo‐responsive optical transmittance (up to 86%) and mechanical strength up to 86 MPa. The life cycle assessment shows that the bio‐based TW has a 39% lower environmental impact than transparent polycarbonate panels. The bio‐based TW holds great potential as scalable and sustainable transparent heat storage solution.
Highly transparent antibacterial hydrogel‐polymeric contact lenses doped with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al‐Azzawi Waleed Khalid , Al‐Amiery Ahmed , Takriff Mohd S. , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiocompatible polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) are used to prepare hydrogels for biomedical applications, including optical applications such as the manufacture of sensing devices, cosmetic and smart, and medical contact lenses, among others. In this study, three contact lenses were prepared by doping PVP‐PVA supportive hydrogel with 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt% of laboratory‐manufactured Ag NPs. The work demonstrates the evaluation of vision correction through each lens and the effect of changing the concentration of silver on its refractive index. The simulation involved the design and simulation of an aberrated human eye based on the Liou and Brennan model (LBM), and the insertion of the contact lenses for vision correction using the ZEMAX optical design program. This work also included a study of the antimicrobial properties of the resulting hydrogel contact lenses doped with Ag NPs. The resulting refractive index of one PVP‐PVA‐Ag lens was relatively high at 532 nm = 1.604, which made the lens provide the highest image contrast (the lowest MTF curve degradation) of 0.883 ± 0.027 at 20 cycles/mm and an RMS nearly the Airy disc diameter of 3.983 μm. PVA was used in combination with PVP for stabilizing Ag NPs to give the contact lenses an antibacterial property. Finally, the optimum contact lens with a 1 wt% Ag NPs concentration showed the highest inhibition activity.
The Case for Quantification
Authors: Esuli Andrea , Fabris Alessandro , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book by introducing notions fundamental to quantification, such as class proportions, class distributions and their estimation, dataset shift, and the various subtypes of dataset shift which are relevant to the quantification endeavour. In this chapter we also argue why using classification techniques for estimating class distributions is suboptimal, and we then discuss why learning to quantify has evolved as a task of its own, rather than remaining a by-product of classification.
Publication and Dissemination of Research Results
Authors: Matas Jakov 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter is focused on the integrity of writing and publishing research. Dealing with authorship is an important topic, but we also address other issues that are important during manuscript writing, preparing the article for publication and publishing it, understanding the process of publication and availability of the article during the process and, later on, in communication with the scientific community and the public. We also give advice on how to correct published articles and how to avoid negative publication practices.
Treatment Intensification in Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What Are the Options and for Whom?
Authors: Vermorken Jan B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent treatment guidelines for patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) recommend multimodal treatment, including concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT), with/without chemotherapy (CT). Induction chemotherapy followed by (chemo)-RT has also level I evidence for larynx preservation procedures in patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. The CT part of the CCRT consists of platinum-based chemotherapy, most often single agent cisplatin. Although for a long time high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/m2) three-times every three weeks during RT has been the standard of care, recent prospective randomized studies have indicated that weekly low-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2) is a good alternative with less toxicity. For patients not eligible or not tolerating cisplatin there are other alternatives (such as carboplatin with or without 5-fluorouracil, taxanes or cetuximab). However, none of these have shown superior results over the use of cisplatin in randomized trials. Late toxicity is a major downside of CCRT, and this is most worrying for those with the highest chance of cure, i.e. low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). De-escalation approaches have priority in these patients, but this needs to be done with the utmost caution. In the remaining patient populations (high-risk HPV-positive OPSCC, HPV-negative OPSCC and non-OPSCC patients) there is room for improvement in both locoregional control and in distant control. Recent strategies of potential interest above and beyond CCRT are adding (1) more cytotoxic chemotherapy, (2) targeted therapy, (3) hypoxic sensitizers, (4) immunotherapy and (5) hyperthermia. Many of those options are being investigated in prospective randomized trials and will hopefully lead to further improvement in outcome for these less favorable HNSCC patient categories.
Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Diagnostics and the Potential of Transoral Surgery
Authors: van Weert Stijn , Hendrickx Jan-Jaap , Leemans C. René 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe topic of the unknown primary tumour in head and neck cancer (CUP) has been extensively studied. The increasing incidence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) as well as the emerging role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has led to revision and evolution of diagnostic and treatment paradigms. The concept of tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) has gained its place in the diagnostic pathway. The most recent considerations are described herein with regard to recent literature. An algorithm for patients with CUP is proposed with an emphasis on the role of transoral surgery.
Cultural Change
Authors: Stephenson Janet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite culture’s tendency to stability, change does occur. This chapter draws from research-based examples of cultural change to reveal triggers and processes of cultural change. It explores how change can be initiated through adjustments in external influences, and/or internal (actor-driven) adjustments of a feature of their cultural ensemble. Cultural learning through observations, bodily experiences and social interactions can support the adoption of sustainable cultural features that others display. Where cultural change becomes widespread amongst a population, it may destabilise unsustainable regimes that would usually be beyond the power of cultural actors to influence. However, cultural change is not always a straightforward process. As the examples show, there is potential for cultural resistance, unintended consequences and inequitable impacts.
Using the Cultures Framework for Policy Analysis
Authors: Stephenson Janet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCultural analysis has much to offer policy development. It complements policy approaches that see society as comprised of individuals, offering a way of accounting for broader influences on behaviour than economic maximisation and broadly shared psychological traits. In a world where ‘information deficit’, ‘rational actors’ and ‘nudge theory’ dominate policy conversations, culture offers more nuanced understandings and reveals new opportunities for policy action. This chapter describes examples of policy recommendations that have been developed from research using the cultures framework. It proposes a series of steps, using the framework, for the development of policy or other interventions. The framework can also be used to underpin policy evaluation, guiding the assessment of proximal outcomes (changes to cultural ensembles) as well as distal outcomes (changes to measures of sustainability) that result from an intervention.