bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jets and Mirror Mode Waves in Earth's Magnetosheath
Authors: Blanco‐Cano X. , Rojas‐Castillo D. , Kajdič P. , Preisser L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetosheath jets are localized plasma structures with high dynamic pressure which are frequently observed downstream of the Earth's bow shock. In this work we analyze Magnetospheric MultiScale magnetic field and plasma data and show that jets can be found in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath in regions permeated by Mirror mode waves (MMWs). We show that structures identified as jets by their enhanced dynamic pressure can have very different internal structure, with variable signatures in magnetic field magnitude and components, velocity, and density and can be associated to ion distribution functions of various types. This suggests that jets observed in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath are generated by different mechanisms. We find that jets can be related to traveling foreshocks, flux transfer events, and some have MMWs inside them. Our results suggest that some jets have a local source and their formation does not depend on upstream structures. We find that different types of ion distributions can exist inside the jets, while in some cases anisotropic distributions are present, in others counterstreaming distributions exist. We also show that for jets with MMWs inside them, ion distributions can be modulated. This highlights the importance of using ion distributions to identify and classify different types of jets.
Warm Season Extreme Flood Events in the Midwestern US—Sources of Moisture and Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Kim SeungUk , Dominguez Francina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA comprehensive picture of the development of warm season extreme floods in the Midwestern US is presented. We first identify the climatological moisture sources for precipitation in the Midwest using the two‐layer dynamic recycling model (2L‐DRM) with ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data. Terrestrial sources supply most of the moisture for Midwestern US precipitation during the warm season, while oceanic sources dominate during the cold season. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is used to select extreme flood events characterized by both positive soil moisture and precipitation anomalies. During the warm season flood events, moisture coming from oceanic sources increases by more than 45% compared to the climatology. In addition, our results show that moisture can come from remote regions due to sustained anomalous circulation. Low‐level circulation anomalies associated with wave trains that traverse the continent enhance moisture contributions from terrestrial sources along narrow paths. However, moisture budget analysis reveals that the primary flood‐producing mechanism is the convergence of moisture due to intense circulation anomalies. Moisture advection and thermodynamic terms are responsible for flood termination. Our results suggest that knowledge of antecedent wet soil moisture conditions is unlikely to improve the predictability of flood‐producing storms.
Increasing Intensity of Extreme Heatwaves: The Crucial Role of Metrics
Authors: Russo Emmanuele , Domeisen Daniela I. V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn weather and climate applications, a wide range of commonly employed heatwave intensity indices relies either on cumulative or averaged values of temperature‐based variables. In this study, by comparing four different heatwave intensity indices applied to reanalysis data we show that metrics based on cumulative or averaged values lead to important differences in the detection of the most intense events of the period 1950–2021. This suggests that particular attention is needed when using the two families of metrics for assessing heatwave intensity. Indices based on cumulative values should be preferred over the ones relying on temporal averages, better allowing for the comparison of events of different length. Under these considerations, one of the considered cumulative indices is used for characterizing heatwaves of the period 1950–2021, showing that heatwaves that were unlikely before 1986 have become almost 10 times more frequent and up to three times more intense during recent times.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01594 inhibits the CELF6-mediated splicing of oncogenic CD44 variants to promote colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Bowen , Song Angxi , Gui Pengkun , Wang Jin , Pan Yaojie , Li Chao , Li Shuai , Zhang Yi , Jiang Tao , Xu Yixin , Pei Dongsheng , Song Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) need further exploration. By using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases, we identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA, LINC01594, that is significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo, gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that LINC01594 promotes metastasis in CRC. LINC01594 functions as a DNMT1 scaffold, increasing the level of CELF6 promoter methylation. LINC01594 also competitively binds the transcription factor p53, decreasing CELF6 expression. This inhibited the exon skipping of CD44 V4–V7 induced by CELF6. In summary, this study highlights a novel CRC biomarker and therapeutic target, LINC01594, and the findings suggest that the LINC01594-CELF6-CD44 axis might serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
Lactate-dependent transcriptional regulation controls mammalian eye morphogenesis
Authors: Takata Nozomu , Miska Jason M. , Morgan Marc A. , Patel Priyam , Billingham Leah K. , Joshi Neha , Schipma Matthew J. , Dumar Zachary J. , Joshi Nikita R. , Misharin Alexander V. , Embry Ryan B. , Fiore Luciano , Gao Peng , Diebold Lauren P. , McElroy Gregory S. , Shilatifard Ali , Chandel Navdeep S. , Oliver Guillermo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMammalian retinal metabolism favors aerobic glycolysis. However, the role of glycolytic metabolism in retinal morphogenesis remains unknown. We report that aerobic glycolysis is necessary for the early stages of retinal development. Taking advantage of an unbiased approach that combines the use of eye organoids and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify specific glucose transporters and glycolytic genes in retinal progenitors. Next, we determine that the optic vesicle territory of mouse embryos displays elevated levels of glycolytic activity. At the functional level, we show that removal of Glucose transporter 1 and Lactate dehydrogenase A gene activity from developing retinal progenitors arrests eye morphogenesis. Surprisingly, we uncover that lactate-mediated upregulation of key eye-field transcription factors is controlled by the epigenetic modification of histone H3 acetylation through histone deacetylase activity. Our results identify an unexpected bioenergetic independent role of lactate as a signaling molecule necessary for mammalian eye morphogenesis.
Conformal in-ear bioelectronics for visual and auditory brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Wang Zhouheng , Shi Nanlin , Zhang Yingchao , Zheng Ning , Li Haicheng , Jiao Yang , Cheng Jiahui , Wang Yutong , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chen Ying , Chen Yihao , Wang Heling , Xie Tao , Wang Yijun , Ma Yinji , Gao Xiaorong , Feng Xue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted considerable attention in motor and language rehabilitation. Most devices use cap-based non-invasive, headband-based commercial products or microneedle-based invasive approaches, which are constrained for inconvenience, limited applications, inflammation risks and even irreversible damage to soft tissues. Here, we propose in-ear visual and auditory BCIs based on in-ear bioelectronics, named as SpiralE, which can adaptively expand and spiral along the auditory meatus under electrothermal actuation to ensure conformal contact. Participants achieve offline accuracies of 95% in 9-target steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) BCI classification and type target phrases successfully in a calibration-free 40-target online SSVEP speller experiment. Interestingly, in-ear SSVEPs exhibit significant 2nd harmonic tendencies, indicating that in-ear sensing may be complementary for studying harmonic spatial distributions in SSVEP studies. Moreover, natural speech auditory classification accuracy can reach 84% in cocktail party experiments. The SpiralE provides innovative concepts for designing 3D flexible bioelectronics and assists the development of biomedical engineering and neural monitoring.
Acidic enol electrooxidation-coupled hydrogen production with ampere-level current density
Authors: Chen Zheng-Jie , Dong Jiuyi , Wu Jiajing , Shao Qiting , Luo Na , Xu Minwei , Sun Yuanmiao , Tang Yongbing , Peng Jing , Cheng Hui-Ming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrogen production coupled with biomass upgrading is vital for future sustainable energy developments. However, most biomass electrooxidation reactions suffer from high working voltage and low current density, which substantially hinder large-scale industrial applications. Herein, we report an acidic hydrogen production system that combined anodic ascorbic acid electrooxidation with cathodic hydrogen evolution. Unlike C-H and O-H bonds cleavage with slow kinetics in conventional organic oxidation, the highly active enol structure in ascorbic acid allows for an ultralow overpotential of only 12 mV@10 mA/cm2using Fe single-atom catalysts, and reaches 1 A/cm2at only 0.75 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) with approximately 100% Faraday efficiency for hydrogen production. Furthermore, the fabricated two-electrode membrane-free electrolyser delivers an industrial current density of 2 A/cm2@1.1 V at 60 °C (2.63 kWh/Nm3 H2), which requires half of the electricity consumption in conventional water electrolysis (~5 kWh/Nm3 H2). This work provides a new avenue for achieving industrial-scale hydrogen production from biomass.
Sequence-based drug design as a concept in computational drug design
Authors: Chen Lifan , Fan Zisheng , Chang Jie , Yang Ruirui , Hou Hui , Guo Hao , Zhang Yinghui , Yang Tianbiao , Zhou Chenmao , Sui Qibang , Chen Zhengyang , Zheng Chen , Hao Xinyue , Zhang Keke , Cui Rongrong , Zhang Zehong , Ma Hudson , Ding Yiluan , Zhang Naixia , Lu Xiaojie , Luo Xiaomin , Jiang Hualiang , Zhang Sulin , Zheng Mingyue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrug development based on target proteins has been a successful approach in recent decades. However, the conventional structure-based drug design (SBDD) pipeline is a complex, human-engineered process with multiple independently optimized steps. Here, we propose a sequence-to-drug concept for computational drug design based on protein sequence information by end-to-end differentiable learning. We validate this concept in three stages. First, we design TransformerCPI2.0 as a core tool for the concept, which demonstrates generalization ability across proteins and compounds. Second, we interpret the binding knowledge that TransformerCPI2.0 learned. Finally, we use TransformerCPI2.0 to discover new hits for challenging drug targets, and identify new target for an existing drug based on an inverse application of the concept. Overall, this proof-of-concept study shows that the sequence-to-drug concept adds a perspective on drug design. It can serve as an alternative method to SBDD, particularly for proteins that do not yet have high-quality 3D structures available.
Production of gas-releasing electrolyte-replenishing Ah-scale zinc metal pouch cells with aqueous gel electrolyte
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zhang Jipeng , Lu Haotian , Zhu Hanbing , Chen Zihui , Wang Lu , Yu Jinyang , You Conghui , Li Wenhao , Song Jianwei , Weng Zhe , Yang Chunpeng , Yang Quan-Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries are ideal candidates for grid-scale energy storage because of their safety and low-cost aspects. However, the production of large-format aqueous Zn batteries is hindered by electrolyte consumption, hydrogen gas evolution and accumulation, and Zn dendrites growth. To circumvent these issues, here we propose an “open” pouch cell design for large-format production of aqueous Zn batteries, which can release hydrogen gas and allow the refilling of the electrolyte components consumed during cell cycling. The cell uses a gel electrolyte containing crosslinked kappa (k)-carrageenan and chitosan. It bonds water molecules and hinders their side reaction with Zn, preventing electrolyte leakage and fast evaporation. As a proof-of-concept, we report the assembly and testing of a Zn | |ZnxV2O5·nH2O multi-layer “open” pouch cell using the carrageenan/chitosan gel electrolyte, which delivers an initial discharge capacity of 0.9 Ah and 84% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 200 mA g‒1, 370 kPa and 25 °C.
3D hierarchical graphene matrices enable stable Zn anodes for aqueous Zn batteries
Authors: Mu Yongbiao , Li Zheng , Wu Bu-ke , Huang Haodong , Wu Fuhai , Chu Youqi , Zou Lingfeng , Yang Ming , He Jiafeng , Ye Ling , Han Meisheng , Zhao Tianshou , Zeng Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetallic zinc anodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries suffer from severe dendrite and side reaction issues, resulting in poor cycling stability, especially at high rates and capacities. Herein, we develop two three-dimensional hierarchical graphene matrices consisting of nitrogen-doped graphene nanofibers clusters anchored on vertical graphene arrays of modified multichannel carbon. The graphene matrix with radial direction carbon channels possesses high surface area and porosity, which effectively minimizes the surface local current density, manipulates the Zn2+ ions concentration gradient, and homogenizes the electric field distribution to regulate Zn deposition. As a result, the engineered matrices achieve a superior coulombic efficiency of 99.67% over 3000 cycles at 120 mA cm−2, the symmetric cells with the composite zinc anode demonstrates 2600 h dendrite-free cycles at 80 mA cm−2 and 80 mAh cm−2. The as-designed full cell exhibits an inspiring capacity of 16.91 mAh cm−2. The Zn capacitor matched with activated carbon shows a superior long-term cycle performance of 20000 cycles at 40 mA cm−2. This strategy of constructing a 3D hierarchical structure for Zn anodes may open up a new avenue for metal anodes operating under high rates and capacities.
Transplanting FVIII/ET3-secreting cells in fetal sheep increases FVIII levels long-term without inducing immunity or toxicity
Authors: Rodriguez Martin , Trevisan Brady , Ramamurthy Ritu M. , George Sunil K. , Diaz Jonathan , Alexander Jordan , Meares Diane , Schwahn Denise J. , Quilici David R. , Figueroa Jorge , Gautreaux Michael , Farland Andrew , Atala Anthony , Doering Christopher B. , Spencer H. Trent , Porada Christopher D. , Almeida-Porada Graça 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHemophilia A is the most common X-linked bleeding disorder affecting more than half-a-million individuals worldwide. Persons with severe hemophilia A have coagulation FVIII levels <1% and experience spontaneous debilitating and life-threatening bleeds. Advances in hemophilia A therapeutics have significantly improved health outcomes, but development of FVIII inhibitory antibodies and breakthrough bleeds during therapy significantly increase patient morbidity and mortality. Here we use sheep fetuses at the human equivalent of 16–18 gestational weeks, and we show that prenatal transplantation of human placental cells (107–108/kg) bioengineered to produce an optimized FVIII protein, results in considerable elevation in plasma FVIII levels that persists for >3 years post-treatment. Cells engraft in major organs, and none of the recipients mount immune responses to either the cells or the FVIII they produce. Thus, these studies attest to the feasibility, immunologic advantage, and safety of treating hemophilia A prior to birth.
Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, and autoreactivity splits long COVID
Authors: Woodruff Matthew C. , Bonham Kevin S. , Anam Fabliha A. , Walker Tiffany A. , Faliti Caterina E. , Ishii Yusho , Kaminski Candice Y. , Ruunstrom Martin C. , Cooper Kelly Rose , Truong Alexander D. , Dixit Adviteeya N. , Han Jenny E. , Ramonell Richard P. , Haddad Natalie S. , Rudolph Mark E. , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Betin Viktoria , Natoli Ted , Navaz Sherwin , Jenks Scott A. , Zuo Yu , Knight Jason S. , Khosroshahi Arezou , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile immunologic correlates of COVID-19 have been widely reported, their associations with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remain less clear. Due to the wide array of PASC presentations, understanding if specific disease features associate with discrete immune processes and therapeutic opportunities is important. Here we profile patients in the recovery phase of COVID-19 via proteomics screening and machine learning to find signatures of ongoing antiviral B cell development, immune-mediated fibrosis, and markers of cell death in PASC patients but not in controls with uncomplicated recovery. Plasma and immune cell profiling further allow the stratification of PASC into inflammatory and non-inflammatory types. Inflammatory PASC, identifiable through a refined set of 12 blood markers, displays evidence of ongoing neutrophil activity, B cell memory alterations, and building autoreactivity more than a year post COVID-19. Our work thus helps refine PASC categorization to aid in both therapeutic targeting and epidemiological investigation of PASC.
Diverse types of expertise in facial recognition
Authors: Towler Alice , Dunn James D. , Castro Martínez Sergio , Moreton Reuben , Eklöf Fredrick , Ruifrok Arnout , Kemp Richard I. , White David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFacial recognition errors can jeopardize national security, criminal justice, public safety and civil rights. Here, we compare the most accurate humans and facial recognition technology in a detailed lab-based evaluation and international proficiency test for forensic scientists involving 27 forensic departments from 14 countries. We find striking cognitive and perceptual diversity between naturally skilled super-recognizers, trained forensic examiners and deep neural networks, despite them achieving equivalent accuracy. Clear differences emerged in super-recognizers’ and forensic examiners’ perceptual processing, errors, and response patterns: super-recognizers were fast, biased to respond ‘same person’ and misidentified people with extreme confidence, whereas forensic examiners were slow, unbiased and strategically avoided misidentification errors. Further, these human experts and deep neural networks disagreed on the similarity of faces, pointing to differences in their representations of faces. Our findings therefore reveal multiple types of facial recognition expertise, with each type lending itself to particular facial recognition roles in operational settings. Finally, we show that harnessing the diversity between individual experts provides a robust method of maximizing facial recognition accuracy. This can be achieved either via collaboration between experts in forensic laboratories, or most promisingly, by statistical fusion of match scores provided by different types of expert.
A blockchain database system for a rail transit equipment system
Authors: An Junfeng , Jing Yuanguang , Lu Mengmeng , Zheng Lei , Li Yuting , Zhang Ti , Zhang Jiwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs of today, blockchain technology is virtually absent from rail transit applications, however, it has promising potential. For cloud‐based systems or conventional systems, there is too much information at the centre, resulting in a high level of data processing. However, if the data processing capability can be provided at the edge station or at the edge equipment, it greatly reduces the operation and maintenance pressure, at the same time, if the edge device takes the form of a blockchain, it is possible to increase the safety protection capability. It is important to reduce operating and maintenance risks for metro equipment systems by installing fault diagnosis and health management capabilities. This paper presents a blockchain‐based platform for subway applications. The assistance includes design, construction, operation, and maintenance assistance, energy saving assistance, manpower reduction assistance, fire protection linkage assistance at transfer stations, federal learning analysis and artificial intelligence analysis, as well as specific implementation plans for implementing vent valve equipment as examples.
Reconstructing a lightweight security protocol in the radio‐frequency identification systems
Authors: Abdellahi Khorasgani Alireza , Sajadieh Mahdi , Yazdani Mohammad Rouhollah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNowadays, the Internet of things (IoT) has extensively found its way into everyday life, raising the alarm regarding data security and user privacy. However, IoT devices have numerous limitations that inhibit the implementation of optimal cost‐effective security solutions. In recent years, researchers have proposed a small number of RFID‐based (radio‐frequency identification) security solutions for the IoT. The use of RFID to secure IoT systems is growing rapidly, for it provides small‐scale efficient security mechanisms. Due to the importance of privacy and security in IoT systems, Chuang and Tu have proposed a lightweight authentication protocol using XCor operation. The purpose is to investigate the security of the mentioned protocol and to show the problems of XCor operations used in this protocol. The authors reveal its vulnerability to various attacks, such as tag impersonation, reader impersonation and de−synchronisation attacks. To solve the problems of the Chuang protocol, a secure authentication protocol that uses the lightweight Plr operation is proposed. A formal security analysis of this protocol is performed based on the BAN (Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham) logic. Furthermore, a comparison was drawn between the proposed protocol and the existing similar protocols in terms of performance evaluation. The comparison will reveal that the proposed protocol is both lightweight and highly secure.
Indexed oxygen delivery during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass is a modifiable risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury
Authors: Dreher Molly , Min Jungwon , Mavroudis Constantine , Ryba Douglas , Ostapenko Svetlana , Melchior Richard , Rosenthal Tami , Nuri Muhammad , Blinder Joshua 
Published: July 2023

Background: Acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery is a common complication with few established modifiable risk factors. We sought to characterize whether indexed oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in a large pediatric cohort. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients under 1 year old undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2020. Receiver operating characteristic curves across values ranging from 260 to 400 mL/min/m2 were used to identify the indexed oxygen delivery most significantly associated with acute kidney injury risk. Results: We included 980 patients with acute kidney injury occurring in 212 (21.2%). After adjusting for covariates associated with acute kidney injury, an indexed oxygen delivery threshold of 340 mL/min/m2 predicted acute kidney injury in STAT 4 and 5 neonates (area under the curve = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60 – 0.72, sensitivity = 56.1%, specificity = 69.4%). An indexed oxygen delivery threshold of 400 mL/min/m2 predicted acute kidney injury in STAT 1-3 infants (area under the curve = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58 – 0.72, sensitivity = 52.6%, specificity = 74.6%). Conclusion: Indexed oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass is a modifiable variable independently associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in specific pediatric populations. Strategies aimed at maintaining oxygen delivery greater than 340 mL/min/m2 in complex neonates and greater than 400 mL/min/m2 in infants may reduce the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury in the pediatric population.