bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Law and Cross-Cutting Challenges in Legal Education: Sharing Developments in Croatia
Authors: Činčurak Erceg Biljana , Đanić Čeko Ana , Jerković Emina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnvironmental protection, sustainable development, and climate change can be considered as cross-cutting topics. There is no doubt that these are some of the burning topics of the modern age. The achievement of climate goals (set primarily within the framework of the European Union) will require professionals trained in environmental law and protection, as well as related topics which will be involved in the process of achieving European environmental goals. However, such professionals are currently not trained sufficiently in law faculties in the Republic of Croatia, which is shown in the paper, based on a comparative analysis of the implementation plans of law faculties. It is necessary to educate young lawyers on environmental protection and create a perception of the importance of law and legal protection. This chapter presents activities related to environmental protection based on the implementation plans of faculties of law in Croatia, especially of the Faculty of Law Osijek. In addition to the inclusion of environmental issues in the curriculum of various established courses, the chapter emphasises the necessity of collaboration through ‘green legal clinics.’ Further activities include writing papers on environmental protection and organizing dedicated workshops, aimed at pointing out the importance of educating young lawyers on environmental legal protection.
An algorithmic approach to finding canonical differential equations for elliptic Feynman integrals
Authors: Dlapa Christoph , Henn Johannes M. , Wagner Fabian J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, differential equations have become the method of choice to compute multi-loop Feynman integrals. Whenever they can be cast into canonical form, their solution in terms of special functions is straightforward. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the precise canonical form for Feynman integrals involving elliptic polylogarithms. In this article, we make use of an algorithmic approach that proves powerful to find canonical forms for these cases. To illustrate the method, we reproduce several known canonical forms from the literature and present examples where a canonical form is deduced for the first time. Together with this article, we also release an update for INITIAL, a publicly available Mathematica implementation of the algorithm.
On irregular states and Argyres-Douglas theories
Authors: Fucito Francesco , Morales Jose Francisco , Poghossian Rubik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Conformal theories of the Argyres-Douglas type are notoriously hard to study given that they are isolated and strongly coupled thus lacking a lagrangian description. In flat space, an exact description is provided by the Seiberg-Witten theory. Turning on a Ω-background makes the geometry “quantum” and tractable only in the weak curvature limit. In this paper we use the AGT correspondence to derive Ω-exact formulae for the partition function, in the nearby of monopole points where the dynamics is described by irregular conformal blocks of the CFT. The results are checked against those obtained by the recursion relations coming from a conformal anomaly in the region where the two approaches overlap. The Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit is also discussed. Finally, we comment on the existence of black holes in De Sitter space whose low energy dynamics is described by an Argyres-Douglas theory.
The ℤ2 anomaly in some chiral gauge theories
Authors: Bolognesi Stefano , Konishi Kenichi , Luzio Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We revisit the simplest Bars-Yankielowicz (BY) model (the ψη model), starting from a model with an additional Dirac pair of fermions in the fundamental representation, together with a complex color-singlet scalar ϕ coupled to them through a Yukawa interaction. This model possesses a color-flavor-locked 1-form ℤN symmetry, due to the intersection of the color SU(N) and two nonanomalous U(1) groups. In the bulk, the model reduces to the ψη model studied earlier when ϕ acquires a nonzero vacuum expectation value and the extra fermions pair up, get massive and decouple (thus we will call our extended theory as the “X-ray model”), while it provides a regularization of the ℤ2 fluxes needed to study the ℤ2 anomaly. The anomalies involving the 1-form ℤN symmetry reduce, for N even, exactly to the mixed ℤ2 anomaly found earlier in the ψη model. The present work is a first significant step to clarify the meaning of the mixed ℤ2 − [$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

]2 anomaly found in the ψη and in other BY and Georgi-Glashow type SU(N) models with even N.
The role of immunosuppressive myofibroblasts in the aging process and age-related diseases
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTissue-resident fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which control the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts possess a remarkable plasticity to allow them to adapt to the changes in the microenvironment and thus maintain tissue homeostasis. Several stresses, also those associated with the aging process, convert quiescent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which not only display fibrogenic properties but also act as immune regulators cooperating both with tissue-resident immune cells and those immune cells recruited into affected tissues. TGF-β cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major inducers of myofibroblast differentiation in pathological conditions either from quiescent fibroblasts or via transdifferentiation from certain other cell types, e.g., macrophages, adipocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Intriguingly, TGF-β and ROS are also important signaling mediators between immunosuppressive cells, such as MDSCs, Tregs, and M2 macrophages. It seems that in pathological states, myofibroblasts are able to interact with the immunosuppressive network. There is clear evidence that a low-grade chronic inflammatory state in aging tissues is counteracted by activation of compensatory immunosuppression. Interestingly, common enhancers of the aging process, such as oxidative stress, loss of DNA integrity, and inflammatory insults, are inducers of myofibroblasts, whereas anti-aging treatments with metformin and rapamycin suppress the differentiation of myofibroblasts and thus prevent age-related tissue fibrosis. I will examine the reciprocal interactions between myofibroblasts and immunosuppressive cells within aging tissues. It seems that the differentiation of myofibroblasts with age-related harmful stresses enhances the activity of the immunosuppressive network which promotes tissue fibrosis and degeneration in elderly individuals.
This is the place: a multi-level analysis of neighbourhood correlates of adolescent wellbeing
Authors: Marquez Jose , Humphrey Neil , Black Louise , Wozmirska Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Adolescent wellbeing is a key research and policy priority, but little is known about neighbourhood-level influences. This study examined the extent to which adolescents’ life satisfaction and internalising symptoms vary between neighbourhoods, and which neighbourhood characteristics are associated with individual outcomes.

Method
Baseline data from the #BeeWell cohort study in Greater Manchester (England) including 35,902 adolescents (aged 12–15) across 243 neighbourhoods were linked to neighbourhood characteristics (e.g. access to education and health services, leisure facilities) from the Co-op’s Community Wellbeing Index and analysed using multi-level regression.

Results
Neighbourhoods explained 0.61% and 1.17% of the variation in life satisfaction and internalising symptoms, respectively. Socio-demographic inequalities in these outcomes varied across neighbourhoods. Several neighbourhood characteristics were associated with wellbeing, but differences across model specifications were observed (e.g. adjusted vs unadjusted; unique associations vs grouped domains). However, higher levels of perceived wellbeing support from local people were associated with lower internalising symptoms in all models. Other characteristics associated with better wellbeing outcomes in various models included lower GP antidepressant prescription rates, and better access to health services, areas for leisure, and good places to spend free time.

Conclusion
Neighbourhoods account for a small but significant proportion of the variance in adolescent life satisfaction and internalising symptoms. Some neighbourhood characteristics (notably neighbourhood social capital) are associated with these outcomes at the individual level, and disparities in these outcomes for some groups vary across neighbourhoods. Our findings speak to the role of place as a determinant of adolescent wellbeing, with consequent implications for intervention.
Comparison of state-of-the-art GNSS-observed and predicted ocean tide loading displacements across Australia
Authors: Matviichuk Bogdan , King Matt , Watson Christopher , Bos Machiel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe seek to quantify and understand the residual signal in GPS and GLONASS estimates of ocean tide loading displacements (OTLDs) after removing state-of-the-art model estimates. To consider contributions over a broad spatial scale, we estimate OTLD over the Australian continent using $$\sim $$
∼
5.5 years of continuous GPS and GLONASS data from 360 sites. We compare these with modelled estimates, with a focus on the lunar semidiurnal M$$_2$$

2

and diurnal O$$_1$$

1

constituents. We observe spatially coherent patterns of residual OTLD in each of the east, north, and up coordinate components after the removal of tidal loading using elastic models. We subsequently assess the impact of including anelastic dispersion in the model and show a 0.2 mm reduction in range of the up component residuals at coastal sites. A similar reduction at all sites is observed in the east and north components. Of the seven ocean tide models used, we find that three recent models, FES2014b, GOT4.10c and TPXO9.v1, perform similarly, noting these comparisons are made in the CE frame. However, we show that the latter contains centre of mass (CoM) biases in amplitude up to 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm for M$$_2$$

2

and O$$_1$$

1

, respectively, due to the assimilated altimetry data having not been corrected for geocentre motion. We find OTLD estimates are sensitive to the chosen orbit and clock products used in our analysis, with differences of up to 0.5 mm in the east component between solutions using the JPL and either of ESA or CODE products (GPS-only). Our analysis shows that current GNSS estimates of OTLD over Australia are typically accurate to $$\sim $$
∼
0.2 mm at which point we are unable to explain spatially coherent residuals when compared to modelled quantities. These may depend on the appropriate treatment of the CoM variation, anelasticity and/or three-dimensional Earth structure. As such, we recommend great care is taken when interpreting OTLD at the level of 0.1 or 0.2 mm, even if it is regionally coherent.
Insights into Taxol® biosynthesis by endophytic fungi
Authors: Subban Kamalraj , Kempken Frank 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There have been two hundred reports that endophytic fungi produce Taxol®, but its production yield is often rather low. Although considerable efforts have been made to increase Taxol/taxanes production in fungi by manipulating cocultures, mutagenesis, genome shuffles, and gene overexpression, little is known about the molecular signatures of Taxol biosynthesis and its regulation. It is known that some fungi have orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, but the overall architecture of this pathway is unknown. A biosynthetic putative gene homology approach, combined with genomics and transcriptomics analysis, revealed that a few genes for metabolite residues may be located on dispensable chromosomes. This review explores a number of crucial topics (i) finding biosynthetic pathway genes using precursors, elicitors, and inhibitors; (ii) orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway for rate-limiting genes/enzymes; and (iii) genomics and transcriptomics can be used to accurately predict biosynthetic putative genes and regulators. This provides promising targets for future genetic engineering approaches to produce fungal Taxol and precursors.

Key points
• A recent trend in predicting Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi.
• Understanding the Taxol biosynthetic pathway and related enzymes in fungi.
• The genetic evidence and formation of taxane from endophytic fungi.
Einflussnahme großer Sprachmodelle auf die moderne Arbeitswelt
Authors: Barenkamp Marco 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über Chancen und Risiken für die Arbeitswelt durch große Sprachmodelle, denn große Sprachmodelle wie ChatGPT werden das Berufsbild vieler kognitiver Tätigkeiten verändern. So können vor allem Routineaufgaben wie das Verfassen von Texten oder die Analyse von Daten übernommen werden. Beispiele sind die automatische Erstellung von Vertragsentwürfen im Rechtswesen oder von Berichten im Journalismus. Sogar die Unternehmensführung kann durch Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) unterstützt werden, wie das Beispiel des ersten virtuellen CEO zeigt.Allerdings birgt der Einsatz der Modelle auch Risiken wie Intransparenz, Qualitätsprobleme und Abhängigkeit von Anbietern. Empfohlen werden u. a. Kennzeichnung von KI-generierten Inhalten, Qualitätssicherung durch den Menschen und Einhaltung ethischer Standards.Insgesamt kann festgehalten werden, dass die meisten Berufe nicht komplett ersetzt, sondern durch künstliche Intelligenz ergänzt und optimiert werden. Entscheidend sind dabei die Kompetenzen im Umgang mit dieser neuen Technologie, um die künftigen Rollen- und Berufsprofile effizient und konstruktiv gestalten zu können.
Biparietal remodelling and total vault remodelling in scaphocephaly—a comparative study using 3d stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Spazzapan Peter , Verdenik Miha , Velnar Tomaž 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the results of two surgical techniques for the treatment of isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS) by means of 3D stereophotogrammetry. One technique, the Renier’s “H” technique (RHT) comprised a biparietal expansion, the other, the total vault remodeling (TVR) included also a frontal remodeling.

Methods
The two groups of operated children were compared with a third control group of normocephalic children. The 3D scanning was performed in all children between 12 and 245 months of age. On each 3D image six measurements and indices have been made, with the aim of evaluating not only length and width of the head, but also the height. The cranial index (CI) was measured in a plane parallel to the nasion-tragus plane, at the intersection with the opisthocranion.

Results
Each of the three groups (RHT, TVR, control group) included 28 children. The measurements that were influenced by the correction of the frontal bossing, namely the CI and the sagittal length, were closer to normocephaly after TVR than after RHT. Lesser or no statistical difference was documented in the measurements evaluating the biparietal aspect and the height of the vertex, indicating that the biparietal expansion is effective in both procedures.

Conclusion
Based on our results TVR results in a better esthetical outcome, particularly in relation to the direct surgical remodeling of the frontal bossing.
Albuminuria and markers for cardiovascular risk in 12-year-olds from the general Dutch population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gracchi Valentina , van den Belt Sophie M. , Corpeleijn Eva , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn adults, albuminuria represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with hypertension and obesity. Pediatric data from the general population are inconsistent and largely based on randomly collected urine. A possible association between antenatal programming and albuminuria at school age has still to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to assess albuminuria in first morning void urine samples in a population-based pediatric cohort and to investigate cross-sectionally the association with factors related to cardiovascular risk. Moreover, we investigate the possible association of antenatal factors with albuminuria. A first morning void urine sample was collected in the population-based GECKO (Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity) Drenthe cohort at the age of 12 years. We investigated cross-sectionally associations between albuminuria and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP) and antenatal factors. The prevalence of UACR (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio) ≥ 3 mg/mmol was 3.3% (95%CI 2.3–4.2). In a multivariate linear regression model, UAC was negatively associated with z-BMI (β-0.08, p = 0.013) and positively with z-systolic BP (β 0.09, p = 0.006), model significance p = 0.002. UACR was negatively associated with z-BMI (β − 0.13, p < 0.001) and positively with z-diastolic BP (β 0.09, p = 0.003), model significance p = 0.001. Albuminuria was not significantly associated with antenatal factors such as gestational age and standardized birth weight.Conclusions: Albuminuria in first morning void urine in 12-year-olds has a lower prevalence than previously reported by randomly collected samples. A negative association between albuminuria and BMI is confirmed. A positive association with blood pressure, but no association with antenatal factors was found.

What is known:• While, in adults, albuminuria is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with hypertension and obesity, pediatric data are inconsistent and largely based on randomly collected urine.• A possible association between antenatal programming and albuminuria at school age has still to be investigated.

What is new:• In this population study on first morning void urine samples from 12-year-olds of the general population, albuminuria is negatively associated with body mass index, and positively associated with blood pressure, while there is no association with antenatal factors.• The prevalence of albuminuria at 12 years is lower than previously reported in studies based on randomly collected urine samples, probably due to elimination of orthostatic proteinuria.
Detection of metastases using circulating tumour DNA in uveal melanoma
Authors: Beasley Aaron B. , de Bruyn Daniël P. , Calapre Leslie , Al-Ogaili Zeyad , Isaacs Timothy W. , Bentel Jacqueline , Reid Anna L. , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Pereira Michelle R. , Khattak Muhammad A. , Meniawy Tarek M. , Millward Michael , Brosens Erwin , de Klein Annelies , Chen Fred K. , Kiliҫ Emine , Gray Elin S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients will develop metastatic disease depending on the genetic features of the primary tumour. Patients need 3–12 monthly scans, depending on their prognosis, which is costly and often non-specific. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) quantification could serve as a test to detect and monitor patients for early signs of metastasis and therapeutic response.MethodsWe assessed ctDNA as a biomarker in three distinct UM cohorts using droplet-digital PCR: (A) a retrospective analysis of primary UM patients to predict metastases; (B) a prospective analysis of UM patients after resolution of their primary tumour for early detection of metastases; and (C) monitoring treatment response in metastatic UM patients.ResultsCohort A: ctDNA levels were not associated with the development of metastases. Cohort B: ctDNA was detected in 17/25 (68%) with radiological diagnosis of metastases. ctDNA was the strongest predictor of overall survival in a multivariate analysis (HR = 15.8, 95% CI 1.7–151.2,p = 0.017). Cohort C: ctDNA monitoring of patients undergoing immunotherapy revealed a reduction in the levels of ctDNA in patients with combination immunotherapy.ConclusionsOur proof-of-concept study shows the biomarker feasibility potential of ctDNA monitoring in for the clinical management of uveal melanoma patients.
Knowledge-based optimization algorithm for the inventory routing problem
Authors: Michalak Krzysztof , Lipinski Piotr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that combines routing decisions with inventory management. In this paper, an approach to solving the IRP is studied, which aims at using an external knowledge source (a known good solution or user interaction) to improve the results attained by an evolutionary algorithm solving an IRP instance. The proposed method improves the best solution found by the evolutionary algorithm by modifying schedules for some of the retailers according to those present in the known good solution or to schedules provided by a domain expert. The experiments shown that to improve the optimization results it suffices to perform a few repetitions of the knowledge import procedure. This observation motivates further research on user-interactive optimization algorithms for the IRP, because the number of interactions needed to improve the results can easily be handled by the user.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community prescription of opioid and antineuropathic analgesics for cancer patients in Wales, UK
Authors: Han Jun , Rolles Martin , Torabi Fatemeh , Griffiths Rowena , Bedston Stuart , Akbari Ashley , Burnett Bruce , Lyons Jane , Greene Giles , Thomas Rebecca , Long Tamsin , Arnold Cathy , Huws Dyfed Wyn , Lawler Mark , Lyons Ronan A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Public health measures instituted at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK in 2020 had profound effects on the cancer patient pathway. We hypothesise that this may have affected analgesic prescriptions for cancer patients in primary care.

Methods
A whole-nation retrospective, observational study of opioid and antineuropathic analgesics prescribed in primary care for two cohorts of cancer patients in Wales, using linked anonymised data to evaluate the impact of the pandemic and variation between different demographic backgrounds.

Results
We found a significant increase in strong opioid prescriptions during the pandemic for patients within their first 12 months of diagnosis with a common cancer (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12–1.18, p < 0.001 for strong opioids) and significant increases in strong opioid and antineuropathic prescriptions for patients in the last 3 months prior to a cancer-related death (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07, p < 0.001 for strong opioids; IRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08–1.14, p < 0.001 for antineuropathics). A spike in opioid prescriptions for patients diagnosed in Q2 2020 and those who died in Q2 2020 was observed and interpreted as stockpiling. More analgesics were prescribed in more deprived quintiles. This differential was less pronounced in patients towards the end of life, which we attribute to closer professional supervision.

Conclusions
We demonstrate significant changes to community analgesic prescriptions for cancer patients related to the UK pandemic and illustrate prescription patterns linked to patients’ demographic background.