bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An offline column extraction with Presep® PolyChelate resin and AG1‐X8 resin for the determination of the isotope compositions of low‐concentration lead in natural waters by the multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new high‐precision offline method for the determination of seawater lead (Pb) isotope ratios was developed, which simplifies and optimizes previously published protocols for the isotopic analysis of trace elements. The procedure involves initial separation of Pb from 250 to 500 mL of seawater by Presep® PolyChelate cation exchange resin and purification by AG1‐X8 anion exchange resin, and subsequently analyzed by Neptune multi‐collector ICP‐MS. For the extraction of Pb in seawater, the Presep® PolyChelate resin was characterized by a wide pH range and a faster adsorption rate, greatly reducing the volume of buffer solution required and significantly shortening the time required for the whole process. The total procedural Pb blank of this method is < 0.05% of the sample extract and the typical Pb recovery is ~ 100%. The method was evaluated by processing GEOTRACES intercalibration samples surface water (GSI, 206Pb/207Pb = 1.1744, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.0844) and GEOTRACES GP15 sample (14140#, 206Pb/207Pb = 1.1685, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.0960). Finally, this method was applied to riverine samples from the Changjiang and seawater samples from the East China Sea, and the in situ extraction was also applied in the Indian Ocean.
Ultralong Single‐Ended Random Fiber Laser and Sensor
Authors: Han Bing , Wu Han , Liu Yang , Dong Shisheng , Rao Yunjiang , Wang Zinan , Xu Jiangming , Ma Lingmei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRandom fiber laser (RFL) utilizing stimulated Raman scattering and distributed random Rayleigh backscattering in fiber as optical gain and feedback mechanisms, respectively, has been developed rapidly in the past decade. Here, it is found, for the first time, that the combination of a high‐order pump and new transmission fiberthat has lower transmission loss, Rayleigh backscattering coefficient, and Raman gain coefficient than standard single‐mode fibercan break the length limits of both random fiber lasing and sensing. With a higher‐order pump and ultralow loss fiber (ULLF), the position of maximum intracavity lasing power can be shifted toward the far end of the fiber span resulting in more remote pump power for the erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) inserted in the fiber span, which plays a dominant role of cavity length extension in RFL. A 200 km ultralong single‐ended RFL and sensor are experimentally demonstrated, which are the longest single‐ended RFL and sensor with functional remote reflectors reported to date. It is believed that the proposed combination of high‐order random lasing and ULLF with EDF can become a general method to extend the working distance of various fiber sensing systems for safety monitoring of ultralong infrastructures, such as power transmission lines and oil/gas pipelines.
Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease
Authors: Metzemaekers Mieke , Malengier‐Devlies Bert , Gouwy Mieke , De Somer Lien , Cunha Fernando de Queiroz , Opdenakker Ghislain , Proost Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host‐protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well‐established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all‐too‐well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil‐rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
Fat mitigation strategies to improve image quality of radial 4D flow MRI in obese subjects
Authors: Shamim A. M. K. Muntasir , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Spahic Alma , Harris David T. , Roldán‐Alzate Alejandro , Wieben Oliver , Reeder Scott B. , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Johnson Kevin M. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis study addresses the challenges in obtaining abdominal 4D flow MRI of obese patients. We aimed to evaluate spectral saturation and inner volume excitation as methods to mitigating artifacts originating from adipose signals, with the goal of enhancing image quality and improving quantification.MethodsRadial 4D flow MRI acquisitions with fat mitigation (inner volume excitation [IVE] and intermittent fat saturation [FS]) were compared to a standard slab selective excitation (SSE) in a test–retest study of 15 obese participants. IVE selectively excited a cylindrical region of interest, avoiding contamination from peripheral adipose tissue, while FS globally suppressed fat based on spectral selection. Acquisitions were evaluated qualitatively based on expert ratings and quantitatively based on conservation of mass, test–retest repeatability, and a divergence free quality metric. Errors were evaluated statistically using the absolute and relative errors, regression, and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsIVE demonstrated superior performance quantitatively in the conservation of mass analysis in the portal vein, with higher correlation and lower bias in regression analysis. IVE also produced flow fields with the lowest divergence error and was rated best in overall image quality, delineating small vessels, and producing the least streaking artifacts. Evaluation results did not differ significantly between FS and SSE. Test–retest reproducibility was similarly high for all sequences, with data suggesting biological variations dominate the technical variability.ConclusionIVE improved hemodynamic assessment of radial 4D flow MRI in the abdomen of obese participants while FS did not lead to significant improvements in image quality or flow metrics.
Open‐source myocardial T1 mapping with simultaneous multi‐slice acceleration: Combining an auto‐calibrated blipped‐bSSFP readout with VERSE‐MB pulses
Authors: Gaspar Andreia S. , Silva Nuno A. , Price Anthony N. , Ferreira António M. , Nunes Rita G. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeEnabling fast and accessible myocardial T1 mapping is crucial for extending its clinical application. We introduce Open‐MOLLI‐SMS combining simultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) with auto‐calibration and variable‐rate selective excitation (VERSE)‐multiband pulses to obtain all slices in a fast single‐shot T1 mapping sequence.MethodsOpen‐MOLLI‐SMS was developed by integrating SMS with the open‐source method Open‐MOLLI previously implemented in Pulseq. Three methods were integrated for Open‐MOLLI‐SMS: (1) auto‐calibration blip patterns to ensure consistency between the data and coil information; (2) a blipped‐balanced SSFP (bSSFP) readout to induce controlled aliasing in parallel imaging shifts without disturbing the bSSFP frequency response; and (3) a VERSE‐multiband pulse for minimizing the achievable TR and the specific absortion rate (SAR) impact of SMS. Two (SMS2) or three (SMS3) slices were excited simultaneously and encoded with an in‐plane acceleration factor of 2. Experiments were performed in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom and five healthy volunteers.ResultsPhantom results show accurate T1 estimates for reference values between 400 to 2200 ms. Artifacts were visible for Open‐MOLLI‐SMS3 but not replicated in vivo. In vivo Open‐MOLLI‐SMS (T1SMS2 = 993 ± 10 ms; T1SMS3 = 1031 ± 17 ms) provided similar values to mean T1 single‐band Open‐MOLLI estimates (T1Open‐MOLLI = 1005 ± 47 ms). Open‐MOLLI‐SMS2 provided the closest estimates to the reference.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐principle implementation study demonstrates the feasibility of speeding up T1‐mapping acquisitions and increasing coverage by combining auto‐calibration strategies with a blipped‐bSFFP readout and VERSE multiband RF excitation pulses. The proposed methodology was built on the Open‐MOLLI mapping sequence, which provides a fast means for prototyping and enables open‐source sharing of the method.
Single‐shot spiral diffusion‐weighted imaging at 7T using expanded encoding with compressed sensing
Authors: Varela‐Mattatall Gabriel , Dubovan Paul I. , Santini Tales , Gilbert Kyle M. , Menon Ravi S. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe expanded encoding model incorporates spatially‐ and time‐varying field perturbations for correction during reconstruction. To date, these reconstructions have used the conjugate gradient method with early stopping used as implicit regularization. However, this approach is likely suboptimal for low‐SNR cases like diffusion or high‐resolution MRI. Here, we investigate the extent that ‐wavelet regularization, or equivalently compressed sensing (CS), combined with expanded encoding improves trade‐offs between spatial resolution, readout time and SNR for single‐shot spiral DWI at 7T. The reconstructions were performed using our open‐source graphics processing unit‐enabled reconstruction toolbox, “MatMRI,” that allows inclusion of the different components of the expanded encoding model, with or without CS.MethodsIn vivo accelerated single‐shot spirals were acquired with five acceleration factors (R) (2×–6×) and three in‐plane spatial resolutions (1.5, 1.3, and 1.1 mm). From the in vivo reconstructions, we estimated diffusion tensors and computed fractional anisotropy maps. Then, simulations were used to quantitatively investigate and validate the impact of CS‐based regularization on image quality when compared to a known ground truth.ResultsIn vivo reconstructions revealed improved image quality with retainment of small features when CS was used. Simulations showed that the joint use of the expanded encoding model and CS improves accuracy of image reconstructions (reduced mean‐squared error) over the range of R investigated.ConclusionThe expanded encoding model and CS regularization are complementary tools for single‐shot spiral diffusion MRI, which enables both higher spatial resolutions and higher R.
Increased nutrition risk is associated with a prolonged negative conversion of viral RNA in children and adolescents with COVID‐19
Authors: Cai Yanliang , Huang Zhifeng , Wu Bin , Wu Peilin , Zhang Yifei , Lin Yueli , Wang Qingwen , Liang Shishan , Chen Suqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the factors affecting the time to negative conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in children and adolescents, with particular reference to nutrition risk assessment on admission.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted in a sentinel hospital for novel coronavirus in Quanzhou, China. The study population comprised children and adolescents with COVID‐19 admitted to the isolation wards between March 25 and April 12, 2022. Based on the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP), nutrition risk screening was performed within 24 h of admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent factors for the time to negative viral RNA conversion.ResultsA total of 185 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were included in this study. The median time to viral RNA conversion (from the first day of a positive nucleic acid test to the first day of consecutive negative results) was 15 days (IQR 12–18 days), ranging from 4 to 25 days. High nutrition risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.543, 95% CI: 0.334–0.881) and fever (HR: 0.663; 95% CI: 0.483–0.910) were independent factors influencing the negative conversion of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA.ConclusionHigh nutrition risk and fever were independently associated with delayed viral clearance in children and adolescents with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, so these factors should be considered during the treatment plans for infected children and adolescents.
Design of material regulatory mechanism for electrocatalytic converting NO/NO3−to NH3progress
Authors: Lu Guolong , Gao Sanshuang , Liu Qian , Zhang Shusheng , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNitric oxide (NO)/nitrate (NO3−) exists as the most hazardous pollutions in the air/water that severely impacts human health. Conventional disposing methods are energy‐consuming and uneconomic. Moreover, ammonia (NH3) fertilizer resources acquire urgent, eco‐friendly, and economical strategies that can remove NO/NO3−pollution and simultaneously convert nitrate species, maintaining nitrogen balance. Electrochemical nitrogen (N) reduction is attracting more attention, particularly electrocatalytic NO/NO3−reduction (ENR) to ammonia supply an approach to fixed nitrogen and generate ammonia. ENR is capable of achieving high NH3yield and Faradaic efficiency (FE), avoiding competitive hydrogen evolution reactions and easily overcoming strong N≡N triple bond (941 kJ mol−1). There are abundant research studies related to ENR for decreasing hazardous NO/NO3−and supplying profitable NH3. In this review, we discuss different electrocatalytic regulations for crystalline facet engineering, heteroatom doping, heterostructure, surface vacancy engineering, and single‐atom structure, which bring various metal/nonmetal and their combined catalysts to the preferable performance, such as reactivity, selectivity, FE, and stability. Finally, we summarize the challenges and provide the perspectives to promote the industrial application of ENR.Key PointsThis review focusing on systematically introduce the different modification strategies and regulatory mechanism to enhance the electrochemical performance for NORR/NO3RR, including crystalline facet engineering, heteroatom doping, heterostructure, surface vacancy engineering, and single atom structure.
An unconditionally stable artificial compression method for the time‐dependent groundwater‐surface water flows
Authors: Qin Yi , Wang Yang , Hou Yanren , Li Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a second order, unconditionally stable artificial compression method for the fully evolutionary Stokes/Darcy and Navier‐Stokes/Darcy equations that model the coupling surface and groundwater flows. It uncouples the surface from the groundwater flow by the Crank‐Nicolson Leapfrog scheme for the discretization in time, and through the artificial compression method without artificial pressure boundary conditions to decouple the velocity and pressure of the incompressible flow. Finally, we have verified the stability and second‐order convergence of the algorithm from theoretical analysis and numerical experiments.
A note on a posteriori error analysis for dual mixed methods with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Barrios Tomás P. , Bustinza Rommel , Campos Camila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we give a description of a technique to develop an a posteriori error estimator for the dual mixed methods, when applied to elliptic partial differential equations with non homogeneous mixed boundary conditions. The approach considers conforming finite elements for the discrete scheme, and a quasi‐Helmholtz decomposition result to obtain a residual a posteriori error estimator. After applying first a homogenization technique (for the Neumann boundary condition), we derive an a posteriori error estimator, which looks to be expensive to compute. This motivates the derivation of another a posteriori error estimator, that is fully computable. As a consequence, we establish the equivalence between the latter a posteriori error estimator and the natural norm of the error, that is, we prove the reliability and local efficiency of the aforementioned estimator. Finally, we report numerical examples showing the good properties of the estimator, in agreement with the theoretical results of this work.
Venetoclax in combination with chemotherapy as treatment for pediatric advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: Marinoff Amanda E. , Aaronson Kathryn , Agrawal Anurag K. , Braun Benjamin S. , Golden Carla , Huang Benjamin J. , Michlitsch Jennifer , Southworth Erica , Thrall Allyson , Vo Kieuhoa T. , Stieglitz Elliot 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundVenetoclax is frequently used as salvage treatment in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. However, more data are needed from real‐world studies to guide the safe and appropriate use of venetoclax in this population.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies less than 30 years of age treated with venetoclax outside of clinical trials at the University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospitals from 2016 to 2022.ResultsWe identified 13 patients (acute myeloid leukemia, n = 8; B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia, n = 3; myelodysplastic syndrome, n = 2) aged 4 months to 27 years. A median of 3 prior lines of therapy weregiven (range 0–5). All patients received venetoclax in combination with either a hypomethylating agent or conventional chemotherapy. Three (23%) patients achieved complete remission (CR); two (15%) achieved partial remission (PR); 3 (23%) had stable disease (SD), and five (42%) had progressive disease. Median survival and time to progression from venetoclax initiation was 9 months (range 2.5–52 months) and 3 months (range 2 weeks to 7.5 months), respectively. Six patients (46%) developed grade 3 or higher infections while receiving venetoclax, including bacteremia due to atypical organisms, invasive pulmonary infections with Aspergillus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, skin infections, and encephalitis with bacterial brain abscesses.ConclusionsVenetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents or cytotoxic chemotherapy was effective in a subset of pediatric/AYA patients with advanced hematologic malignancies, but multiple severe infections were observed, particularly among patients who received venetoclax in combination with chemotherapy. Prospective studies will be required to determine the optimal dose and duration of venetoclax in this population.
Self‐healing study of impact damage in carbon fiber composites based on electrostatically spun polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers
Authors: Mao Chi , Cai Haopeng , Gan Yu , Li Mengzhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon fiber composites containing core–shell nanofibers (PAN@CFRP) were prepared by incorporating electrospun polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers between the layers of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites and the damage healing ability was assessed after being subjected to low‐velocity impact. Three impact energies (25.2, 33.5, and 41.9 J) were selected for the study. The incorporation of core–shell nanofibers improved the impact resistance of the composites compared with pure carbon fiber composites (CFRP); the PAN@CFRP specimens were found to have a smaller damage area and a lower damage level by visual observation and optical microscopy. The healing efficiency was 66.3%, 43.5%, and 8.83% for the residual compressive strength and was normalized to the residual compressive strength when the impact energy was less than 37.5 J. The healed materials were found to recover more than 80% of their undamaged residual compressive strength when the impact energy was less than 37.5 J. Therefore, the core–shell nanofiber healing system can, to a certain extent, solve the problems caused by the incorporation of other healing systems, and can largely recover the impact damage encountered in practical applications.
Postnatal genetic testing on cord blood for prenatally identified high‐probability cases
Authors: Adams Sophie , Llorin Hannah , Dobson Lori J. , Studwell Courtney , Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Guseh Stephanie , Gray Kathryn J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of postnatal genetic testing on umbilical cord blood (CB) for prenatally identified high‐probability fetuses.MethodCB for genetic testing was offered to individuals who met one of the following criteria: (i) fetal anomaly, (ii) positive non‐invasive prenatal screening by cfDNA or biochemical analysis, or (iii) family history. Individuals with diagnostic testing, but not microarray, were also included when recommended by society guidelines. CB was collected at Brigham and Women's and Emerson Hospitals between 2016 and 2021.Results448 individuals consented for cord blood testing (370 (82.6%) for fetal anomalies, 51 (11.4%) for high‐probability cfDNA, and 27 (6.0%) for family history) and a total of 393 (87.7%) samples were analyzed. Genetic testing yielded a diagnosis in 92 (23.4%) neonates by karyotype (n = 37), chromosomal microarray (CMA) (n = 32), and other molecular analysis (n = 23). Testing averaged 10.3 days (range 1–118 days). 68 (73.9%) diagnoses potentially impacted neonatal management. MCC could not be definitively excluded in only 1.4% (6/418) of samples.ConclusionPrenatal identification of high‐probability fetuses and genetic testing on CB facilitates timely genetic diagnoses and neonatal management. Testing provides reassurance and reduces a postnatal diagnostic odyssey for high‐probability neonates.
Numerical modeling of gas‐phase reactions of tetraethoxysilane/O2/Ar atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge for deposition
Authors: Chang Jiaxin , Dai Dong , Kong Fei , Shao Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA chemical kinetic model is developed to study the decomposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in O2/Ar atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge and compared with gas chromatography and optical emission spectroscopy results. The calculations indicate that the excited Ar dominates the fragmentation of TEOS in the absence of oxygen and mainly breaks the carbon–carbon bonds in TEOS. However, in the presence of oxygen, the primary decomposition process of TEOS is the substitution of ethoxy (–OC2H5) by hydroxyl (–OH). The variation of these two reactions with oxygen composition could explain the transition of the deposition layer from organic to norganic. The model and its results provide a theoretical basis for further modeling and regulating the quality of the deposition layer.