bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Low-Volume Versus High-Volume Ropivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided Maxillary Nerve Block in Double-Jaw Surgery: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Chen Ming-Kai , Zhao Le , Luo Wei , Luo Kai , Lin Jie , Ji Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block (UGMNB) is applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery to improve perioperative analgesia, decrease the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and enhance recovery. However, the optimum volume of ropivacaine used for UGMNB is undetermined. Thus, it was hypothesized that in patients undergoing double-jaw surgery, low- and high-volume ropivacaine reduces perioperative pain with similar efficacy.

Methods
Adults undergoing double-jaw surgery were enrolled in a randomized non-inferiority trial to receive a bilateral single-injection UGMNB with 2 mL (low-volume [LV] group) or 5 mL (high-volume [HV] group) of 0.375% ropivacaine on each side. A visual analog scale (VAS) score for maxillary pain at 2 h postoperatively was taken as the primary outcome. VAS score for maxillary and mandibular pain at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively, hemodynamic changes intraoperatively, consumption of intraoperative opioids and sedatives, vasoactive medication use, extubation time, postoperative rescue analgesia, time to the first analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting and UGMNB-related complications within 48 h post-surgery were assessed as the secondary outcomes.

Results
Sixty-four adults were included. The maxillary pain score in the LV group was not inferior to that in the HV group at 2 h postoperatively, with a non-inferiority margin of 1 (mean difference − 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.6 to 0.8, P = 0.414 for non-inferiority). Maxillary and mandibular pain demonstrated no difference in the measured times between groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea was significantly higher in the LV group than that in the HV group at 6–24 h (12 (37.5%) vs. 5 (15.6%), P = 0.048). Moreover, no differences in intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, medications during anesthesia, time to extubation, rescue analgesia, time to the first analgesia, and postoperative vomiting were observed. Only one patient in the LV group was observed to have maxillary nerve block-related complications.

Conclusions
To conclude, the efficacy of UGMNB with 2 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine has the same efficacy as the 5 mL drug in reducing perioperative pain in patients undergoing double-jaw surgery.

Level of Evidence I
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Trisomy 18 and the possibility of choice: The importance of Perinatal Hospice’s support
Authors: Visconti D. , Esposito V. , Brugnoli F. , Gallitelli V. , Corsano B. , Papacci P. , Pellegrino M. , De Santis M. , Lanzone A. , Noia G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trisomy 18 is a severe aneuploidy associated with multiple malformations and a poor prognosis. The diagnosis is typically made prenatally, leading to a high rate of pregnancy terminations. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that even though the prognosis is heterogeneous, prolonged survival is possible and these children are an enrichment for their families after all. A retrospective, descriptive and monocentric study was conducted on fetuses diagnosed with trisomy 18, evaluated between March 2017 and June 2023 at our Institution. The objective was to investigate the natural history of trisomy 18 and the psychological impact on parents who choose to carry the pregnancy on, through a retrospective data collection and the use of a questionnaire. Sixteen couples with a diagnosis of trisomy 18 were cared for within the Perinatal Hospice Pathway during the study period. Cardiac defects were identified in 93.7% of cases, structural abnormalities in 71.4%, respiratory defects in 14.3% of the fetuses, while genitourinary defects affected nearly half of the study population. The survival rate was typically less than one day, however two babies survived for more than four years. All couples reported being satisfied with their decision to continue the pregnancy and would do so again if given the opportunity.

Conclusions: despite the severity of the diagnosis, couples may choose to continue the pregnancy and give birth. Our study shows that trisomy 18 is not merely a lethal condition and the Perinatal Hospice plays a crucial role in supporting these families.

What is Known:
• Trisomy 18 is a severe aneuploidy with a poor prognosis and a high rate of pregnancy terminations.

What is New:
• Despite the severity of this condition, prolonged survival is a possibility. If couples are adequately supported by Perinatal Hospices, they may choose to continue the pregnancy, thereby enriching their experience.
FTO effects the proliferation, invasion, and glycolytic metabolism of colon cancer by regulating PKM2
Authors: Zhang Kongyan , Zhang Fei , Wang Jiahe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), a genetic variant associated with obesity, significantly impact the energetic metabolism of mechanical tumors. However, research on the function of FTO in CRC is scarce.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and UALCAN databases was conducted to examine FTO expression in CRC. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess FTO and PKM2 protein expression in clinical specimens. In vitro experiments utilized five human colon cancer cell lines and a normal colon epithelial cell line, with Western blotting and RT-PCR for protein and mRNA quantification, respectively, and lentiviral transfection to modulate FTO expression. Cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using various assays. Immunofluorescence and Seahorse Xfe96 metabolic analysis were employed to study PKM2 expression changes and glycolytic stress. The effects of PKM2 inhibition by shikonin on cell viability and glycolytic activity were assessed using CCK-8 assay and Seahorse analysis.

Results
An upregulation of FTO was observed in colon cancer through data mining and analysis of pathological specimens. Besides, we discovered that the impact of FTO on colon cancer glycolysis has significant implications for colon proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The protein expression of PKM2 and the intensity of fluorescence staining in the nucleus of PKM2 were detected to be increased in colon carcinoma cells with over-expression of FTO.

Conclusion
FTO plays a significant role in CRC progression by regulating PKM2 and promoting glycolysis.
The effect of healthcare professional-implemented interventions on adherence to oral targeted therapy in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Angus Fiona , Liao Wan-Chuen , Adekoya Victoria , Chen Li-Chia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the impact of healthcare professional-led interventions on adherence to oral targeted therapy and identified the behavior change techniques (BCTs) underpinning the interventions.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to July 2024 identified randomized controlled trials and cohort studies involving adult patients (≥ 18 years) with cancer on oral targeted therapy receiving healthcare professional-led interventions to improve adherence. Adherence-related outcomes, including proportions of patients continuing treatments or with a medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥ 90%, were compared between intervention and control (usual care) groups. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and heterogeneity (I
2 statistic) were reported. Differences in median time to treatment discontinuation were calculated and synthesized where applicable. Interventions were categorized using the BCT taxonomy.

Results
This review included 11 studies (1,654 patients). The pooled results for proportions of patients continuing treatment (OR 17.91; 95%CI 3.18, 100.73; I

2
< 0.1%) or with an MPR ≥ 90% (OR 3.67; 95%CI 1.98, 6.80; I

2
< 0.1%) showed a significantly favorable outcome in the intervention group compared to the control group. In two studies, the median time to treatment discontinuation was longer in the intervention group than in the control group. The most commonly used BCTs were “credible source” (n = 11), “problem-solving” (n = 9), “instruction on how to perform a behavior” (n = 9), and “pharmacological support” (n = 8).

Conclusion
Despite limited evidence, healthcare professional–led interventions significantly improve treatment adherence. Future studies should tailor strategies for individual needs and apply BCTs in designing effective interventions.
PROSPERO registered: no. CRD42024571808.
Physical activity and quality of life among breast cancer survivors: Pink SWAN
Authors: Leitzelar Brianna N. , Crawford Sybil L. , Levine Beverly , Ylitalo Kelly R. , Colvin Alicia B. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Greendale Gail A. , Avis Nancy E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To describe physical activity (PA) trajectories across 10 years post-breast cancer diagnosis and examine their association with quality of life (QoL).

Methods
Participants from the longitudinal Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation who developed incident breast cancer completed the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors scale (QLACS) which has 12 domains. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) with at least one post-diagnosis measure of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (PA) were included (n = 96). We estimated metabolic equivalents of task minutes per week (MET-min/week) for the two most frequent sport/exercise activities. Group-based trajectory modeling determined PA trajectories over 10 years post-diagnosis. Analysis of covariance assessed associations between PA trajectory group and the three QLACS domains with the worst scores (fatigue, pain, and recurrence-related distress), adjusted for PA and other relevant covariates.

Results
There were four post-diagnosis PA trajectories: consistently very low/no PA (“inactive,” 11.5%); consistently some, but below aerobic PA guideline (“below guideline,” 48.9%); generally met aerobic PA guideline with a slight decline (“met guideline,” 22.2%); and exceeded aerobic PA guideline (“exceeded guideline,” 18.8%). In adjusted models, the below guideline group reported more fatigue than the met or exceeded groups and more pain than the met guideline group, but there were no group differences in recurrence-related distress.

Conclusion
The majority of BCS did not meet the aerobic PA guideline over 10 years post diagnosis. BCS who met the aerobic PA guideline reported less fatigue and pain compared to those who did not meet the guideline in adjusted analyses, suggesting a negative association between PA and QoL.
Revisiting Africa’s Stroke Obstacles and Services (SOS)
Authors: Roushdy Tamer , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Kesraoui Selma , Temgoua Michael , Nono Kiatoko Ponte , Melkamu Selam Kifelew , Sadiq Eitzaz , Francis Patty , Omar Oday F. , Peter Waweru , Gopaul Urvashy , Belahsen Mohammed Faouzi , Ugbem Lukpata Philip , Ben-Adji Djibrilla , Woodcock Noëmie , Mohamed Muhyadin Hassan , Matuja Sarah , Mhiri Chokri , Saylor Deanna , Maged Mohamed , Shokri Hossam , Nahas Nevine El 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
As one of the most common non-communicable diseases in Africa, Stroke ought to be dealt with properly with intensifying efforts to control its burden and to face obstacles in its management.

Methods and Results
In this follow-up study we reanalyzed stroke services and related obstacles in 17 African countries that were previously studied in 2021/22 in aspects related to manpower, acute stroke services, rehabilitation programs, number of stroke units/centers, telestroke services, awareness campaigns, and national and international stroke registries through a survey that was sent to stroke specialists and national stroke societies. Overall, there is an improvement in many fields yet many obstacles in the implementation of telestroke services, acute management, secondary prevention, post-discharge services, and follow-ups whether governmental, medical, or societal are prevalent.

Conclusion
Stroke services in Africa are improving in 2024 compared to 2021/22 in many fields, stationary in some fields, and regressing in a few. Managing obstacles that are raised by stroke specialists collectively and on individual countries basis will pave the way for better services for the wellness of stroke victims in Africa.
Effects of Wall Temperature on Scalar and Turbulence Statistics During Premixed Flame–Wall Interaction Within Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Ghai Sanjeev Kr. , Ahmed Umair , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Direct numerical simulations (DNS) have been utilised to investigate the impact of different thermal wall boundary conditions on premixed V-flames interacting with walls in a turbulent channel flow configuration. Two boundary conditions are considered: isothermal walls, where the wall temperature is set either equal to the unburned mixture temperature or an elevated temperature, and adiabatic walls. An increase in wall temperature has been found to decrease the minimum flame quenching distance and increase the maximum wall heat flux magnitude. The analysis reveals notable differences in mean behaviours of the progress variable and non-dimensional temperature in response to thermal boundary conditions. At the upstream of the flame–wall interaction location, higher mean friction velocity values are observed for the case with elevated wall temperature compared to the other cases. However, during flame–wall interaction, friction velocity values decrease for isothermal walls but initially rise before decreasing for adiabatic walls, persisting at levels surpassing isothermal conditions. For all thermal wall boundary conditions, the mean scalar dissipation rates of the progress variable and non-dimensional temperature exhibit a decreasing trend towards the wall. Notably, in the case of isothermal wall boundary condition, a higher scalar dissipation rate for the non-dimensional temperature is observed in comparison to the scalar dissipation rate for the progress variable. Thermal boundary condition also has a significant impact on Reynolds stress components, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rates, showing the highest magnitudes with isothermal case with elevated wall temperature and the lowest magnitude for the isothermal wall with unburned gas temperature. The findings of the current analysis suggest that thermal boundary conditions can potentially significantly affect trubulence closures in the context of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of premixed flame–wall interaction.
RANS model predictions for desalination discharges implemented with a dynamic turbulent Schmidt number approach
Authors: Law Shuen , Davidson Mark , McConnochie Craig , Lagrava Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Desalination discharges are commonly in the form of inclined negatively buoyant jets (INBJs). Numerical predictions of INBJs remain a challenge. While accurate large eddy simulations (LES) of INBJs have become available very recently, they are substantially more resource intensive. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modelling is potentially more efficient and can be more readily applied in practice. However, existing RANS simulations show substantial error when compared with experimental measurements. In this study, RANS simulations of 45° INBJs are performed with a dynamic turbulent Schmidt number (DTSN) approach. This new approach involves extracting turbulent Schmidt number (

$$S{c}_{t}$$

S

c
t

) profiles in the INBJs from recently published LES data that have been validated by experiments. Detailed cross-sectional

$$S{c}_{t}$$

S

c
t

profiles in INBJs are reported here for the first time. The relationship between

$$S{c}_{t}$$

S

c
t

and a local mean flow parameter is also determined from the LES data. RANS simulations are then performed—with

$$S{c}_{t}$$

S

c
t

being allowed to change dynamically during the simulation according to the pre-determined relationship. The results show that the DTSN approach improved the overall predictive capabilities of the RANS model to a limited extent. However, significant issues remain in terms of the models’ ability to predict dilutions in the descending portion of the flow. Importantly, the DTSN simulations demonstrate that the model predictions are sensitive to the determination of the relationship between

$$S{c}_{t}$$

S

c
t

and the local flow parameter. Further improvements in the DTSN approach are therefore possible with refinement to the characterisation of this relationship. Based on a discussion of the present and recent literature describing RANS simulations of INBJs, the authors encourage a more cautious interpretation of the current predictive capabilities of RANS simulations in the context of INBJs.
Misclassification bounds for PAC-Bayesian sparse deep learning
Authors: Mai The Tien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant focus on exploring the theoretical aspects of deep learning, especially regarding its performance in classification tasks. Bayesian deep learning has emerged as a unified probabilistic framework, seeking to integrate deep learning with Bayesian methodologies seamlessly. However, there exists a gap in the theoretical understanding of Bayesian approaches in deep learning for classification. This study presents an attempt to bridge that gap. By leveraging PAC-Bayes bounds techniques, we present theoretical results on the prediction or misclassification error of a probabilistic approach utilizing Spike-and-Slab priors for sparse deep learning in classification. We establish non-asymptotic results for the prediction error. Additionally, we demonstrate that, by considering different architectures, our results can achieve minimax optimal rates in both low and high-dimensional settings, up to a logarithmic factor. Moreover, our additional logarithmic term yields slight improvements over previous works. Additionally, we propose and analyze an automated model selection approach aimed at optimally choosing a network architecture with guaranteed optimality.
Credal ensembling in multi-class classification
Authors: Nguyen Vu-Linh , Zhang Haifei , Destercke Sébastien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present a formal framework to (1) aggregate probabilistic ensemble members into either a representative classifier or a credal classifier, and (2) perform various decision tasks based on this uncertainty quantification. We first elaborate on the aggregation problem under a class of distances between distributions. We then propose generic methods to robustify uncertainty quantification and decisions, based on the obtained ensemble and representative probability. To facilitate the scalability of the proposed framework, for all the problems and applications covered, we elaborate on their computational complexities from the theoretical aspects and leverage theoretical results to derive efficient algorithmic solutions. Finally, relevant sets of experiments are conducted to assess the usefulness of the proposed framework in uncertainty sampling, classification with a reject option, and set-valued prediction-making.
Gender differences in entrepreneurial equity financing—a systematic literature review
Authors: Koziol Kevin , Schmitz Maja , Bort Suleika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A growing body of literature explores whether and why female and male entrepreneurs differ in their access to equity financing. This trend has led to an increasing fragmentation of the research field, as many studies analyze various mechanisms and focus on a certain form of equity financing. To advance research on gender differences in equity financing, it is necessary to identify patterns and inconsistent findings in the literature related to these mechanisms. Therefore, we perform a systematic literature review to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on gender differences in the key forms of entrepreneurial equity financing (venture capital, angel investment, and equity crowdfunding). Based on 75 studies from 2001 to mid-2024, our review indicates that male entrepreneurs have an advantage in raising capital from venture capitalists and business angels, whereas female entrepreneurs are more successful in equity crowdfunding. These gender differences stem from a complex combination of mechanisms, which we categorize into four thematic dimensions that capture entrepreneurs’ characteristics, investors’ characteristics, the ventures’ characteristics and strategies, and contextual factors. We propose specific future research directions for each dimension, and discuss theoretical and methodological research opportunities that are applicable across dimensions to improve our understanding of gender differences in equity financing.