bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystals for Advanced Smart Devices with Microwave and Millimeter‐Wave Applications: Recent Progress for Next‐Generation Communications
Authors: Ma Junseok , Choi Jinyoung , Park Sungeun , Kong Imbo , Kim Daehyeon , Lee Cheonga , Youn Youngno , Hwang Myeonggin , Oh Seungwon , Hong Wonbin , Kim Wooksung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiquid crystals (LCs) technology have a well‐established history of applications in visible light, particularly in the display industry. However, with the rapid growth in communication technology, LCs have become a topic of current interest for high‐frequency microwave (MW) and millimeter‐wave (mmWave) applications due to promising characteristics such as tunability, continuous tuning, low losses, and price compatibility. To improve the performance of future communication technology using LCs, it is not sufficient only with the perspective of radio‐frequency (RF) technology. Therefore, it is imperative to understand not only the novel structural designs and optimization of MW engineering but also the perspective of materials engineering when implementing advanced RF devices with maximum performance for next‐generation satellite and terrestrial communication. Herein, based on advanced nematic LCs, polymer‐modified LCs, dual‐frequency LCs, and photo‐reactive LCs, this article summarizes and examines the modulation principles and key research directions for the design strategies of LCs for advanced smart RF devices with improved driving performance and novel functionality. Furthermore, the challenges in development of state‐of‐the‐art smart RF devices that use LCs are discussed.
Enhanced Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Efficiency over Linear Assemblies of Copper‐Cobalt Nanophases Stabilized by Redox Polymers
Authors: He Wenhui , Chandra Shubhadeep , Quast Thomas , Varhade Swapnil , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Junqueira João R. C. , Gao Huimin , Seisel Sabine , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenewable electricity‐powered nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a net‐zero carbon route to the realization of high ammonia (NH3) productivity. However, this route suffers from low energy efficiency (EE, with a half‐cell EE commonly <36%), since high overpotentials are required to overcome the weak NO3− binding affinity and sluggish NO3RR kinetics. To alleviate this, a rational catalyst design strategy that involves the linear assembly of sub‐5 nm Cu/Co nanophases into sub‐20 nm thick nanoribbons is suggested. The theoretical and experimental studies show that the Cu‐Co nanoribbons, similar to enzymes, enable strong NO3− adsorption and rapid tandem catalysis of NO3− to NH3, owing to their richly exposed binary phase boundaries and adjacent Cu‐Co sites at sub‐5 nm distance. In situ Raman spectroscopy further reveals that at low applied overpotentials, the Cu/Co nanophases are rapidly activated and subsequently stabilized by a specifically designed redox polymer that in situ scavenges intermediately formed highly oxidative nitrogen dioxide (NO2). As a result, a stable NO3RR with a current density of ≈450 mA cm−2 is achieved, a Faradaic efficiency of >97% for the formation of NH3, and an unprecedented half‐cell EE of ≈42%.
Crystallinity and Phase Control in Formamidinium‐Based Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskite via Seed‐Induced Growth for Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Wu Guangbao , Liu Tanghao , Hu Mengxiao , Zhang Zhipeng , Li Shilin , Xiao Linge , Guo Jia , Wang Yueyang , Zhu Annan , Li Wang , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan , Chen Runfeng , Xing Guichuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract2D perovskites based on Formamidinium (FA) hold the potential for excellent stability and a broad absorption range, making them attractive materials for solar cells. However, FA‐based 2D perovskites produced via one‐step processing exhibit poor crystallinity and random quasi‐quantum wells (QWs), leading to subpar photovoltaic performance. In this study, a seed‐induced growth approach is introduced employing MAPbCl3 and BDAPbI4 in the deposition of FA‐based Dion‐Jacobson 2D perovskite films. This method yields high‐quality perovskite films as the seeds preferentially precipitate and serve as templates for the epitaxial growth of FA‐based counterparts, effectively suppressing the δ phase. Moreover, the epitaxial growth facilitated by uniformly dispersed seeds results in simultaneous crystallization from top to bottom, efficiently mitigating random phases (n = 2, 3, 4…) induced by the diffusion of organic cations and, in turn, minimizing energy loss. The impact of seed‐induced growth on the crystallization and phase distribution of FA‐based 2D perovskites is systematically investigated. As a result, the optimized FA‐based 2D perovskite solar cell delivers an outstanding efficiency of 20.0%, accompanied by a remarkable fill factor of 0.823. Additionally, the unencapsulated device demonstrates exceptional stability, maintaining 98% of its initial efficiency after 1344 h of storage.
A Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Peptide Locally Applied in Osteoporotic Bone Defect
Authors: Wang Yi , Hu Yingkun , Lan Shenghui , Chen Zhe , Zhang Yufeng , Guo Xiaodong , Cai Lin , Li Jingfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe local application of drug‐loaded bioactive scaffold materials is one of the important directions to solve the clinical problem of osteoporotic (OP) bone defects. This study retains the advantages of drug loading and mechanical properties of natural 3D bioactive scaffolds. The scaffolds are functionally modified through chemical and self‐assembly approaches with application of polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles and parathyroid hormone‐related peptide‐1 (PTHrP‐1) for efficient local drug loading. This study investigates the effects of the novel bioactive scaffolds on ossification, osteoclastogenesis, and macrophage polarization. This work elucidates the effects of the scaffolds in regulating osteoclastic activity and new bone formation in vitro. Further studies on the establishment and repair of OP bone defects in small animals are conducted, and the potential of natural bioactive porous scaffold materials to promote the repair of OP bone defects is initially verified. The preparation of safe and economical anti‐OP bone repair material provides a theoretical basis for clinical translational applications.
Integrative Transcriptomic Analyses of Hippocampal–Entorhinal System Subfields Identify Key Regulators in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Jingying , Liu Hanyou , Wang Jiayu , Xia Yu , Qiu Wenying , Wang Naili , Wang Xue , Wang Xia , Ma Chao , Ge Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hippocampal–entorhinal system supports cognitive function and is selectively vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known about global transcriptomic changes in the hippocampal–entorhinal subfields during AD. Herein, large‐scale transcriptomic analysis is performed in five hippocampal–entorhinal subfields of postmortem brain tissues (262 unique samples). Differentially expressed genes are assessed across subfields and disease states, and integrated genotype data from an AD genome‐wide association study. An integrative gene network analysis of bulk and single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐Seq) data identifies genes with causative roles in AD progression. Using a system‐biology approach, pathology‐specific expression patterns for cell types are demonstrated, notably upregulation of the A1‐reactive astrocyte signature in the entorhinal cortex (EC) during AD. SnRNA‐Seq data show that PSAP signaling is involved in alterations of cell– communications in the EC during AD. Further experiments validate the key role of PSAP in inducing astrogliosis and an A1‐like reactive astrocyte phenotype. In summary, this study reveals subfield‐, cell type‐, and AD pathology‐specific changes and demonstrates PSAP as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
Direct Synthesis of Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Toward High‐Performance Electronics
Authors: Liu Peng , Khan Abu Taher , Ding Er‐Xiong , Zhang Qiang , Xu Zhenyu , Bai Xueyin , Wei Nan , Tian Ying , Li Diao , Jiang Hua , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei , Kauppinen Esko I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe large‐scale synthesis of high‐purity semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) plays a crucial role in fabricating high‐performance and multiapplication‐scenario electronics. This work develops a straightforward, continuous, and scalable method to synthesize high‐purity and individual s‐SWCNTs with small‐diameters distribution (≈1 nm). It is believed that the water and carbon dioxide resulting from the decomposition of isopropanol act as oxidizing agents and selectively etch metallic SWCNTs, hence enhancing the production of s‐SWCNTs. The performance of individual‐SWCNTs field effect transistors confirms the high abundance of s‐SWCNTs, presenting a mean mobility of 376 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high mobility of 2725 cm2 V−1 s−1 with an on‐current to off‐current (Ion/Ioff) ratio as high as 2.51 × 107. Moreover, thin‐film transistors based on the as‐synthesized SWCNTs exhibit excellent performance with a mean mobility of 9.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.3× 105, respectively, verifying the enrichment of s‐SWCNTs. This work presents a simple and feasible route for the sustainable synthesis of high‐quality s‐SWCNTs for electronic devices.
Indoloindole‐Based Hole Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 24% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Choi Kang‐Hoon , Hong Seung Hwa , Kang Hyun‐Sik , Kwon Ji Eon , Park Sungjin , An Byeong‐Kwan , Park Soo Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe new concept of hole transporting materials (HTMs) has inspired researchers to develop high‐performing and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In particular, small molecular organic semiconductors have been extensively studied for HTM due to their high reproducibility and easy synthesis. In this work, a novel linear‐type series of indoloindole (IDID)‐based hole transporting materials comprising a fluorinated IDID core(IDIDF) and multiple thiophene rings is developed. The structure‐property relationship in the IDIDF derivatives is investigated systematically by changing the alkyl position and length of the backbone. The intrinsic properties of the material are significantly different depending on the alkyl position of inner thiophene ring. The optimized material exhibits improved solubility, favorable molecular packing patterns, and superior hole mobility. The champion PSCs using the optimum molecule, IDIDF2, yield a power conversion efficiency of 23.16% in non‐doped and 24.24% in doped conditions, which represent one of the highest performances in n‐i‐p planar device configuration. For the first time, the IDIDF2‐based PSCs achieve outstanding thermal and moisture stabilities under thermal aging (85 °C) and relative humidity of 85%, respectively, for 1500 h.
Bridging the Gap between Solar Cells and Batteries: Optical Design of Bifunctional Solar Batteries Based on 2D Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Gouder Andreas , Yao Liang , Wang Yang , Podjaski Filip , Rabinovich Ksenia S. , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile solar cell technology is booming, intermittent availability of sunlight motivates new vistas for multifunctional devices capable of energy capture and storage on the same material, i.e., direct or two‐electrode bifunctional solar batteries. Herein, simulations and experiments are utilized to take a closer look at efficiency limitations and design considerations, and guidelines are proposed to operate a solar battery comprised of the 2D carbon nitride potassium poly(heptazine imide), K‐PHI, as a bifunctional solar battery photoanode in conjunction with the separator poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) and cathode poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate. An optical design of this device is developed by proposing light absorption in a charge collection layer within the photoanode and calculating photocharging current and charging time as figures of merit. The much larger efficiency of operation via rear illumination for K‐PHI layer thicknesses >200 nm is highlighted and enhancement strategies without modifying the photoactive layer are proposed. Finally, adapted Ragone plots are introduced and it is shown how the solar batteries are capable of improving energy and charge output solely via illumination (for the design under 1 sun, the energy and charge output increase by 60% and 63%, respectively) without modifying the device.
Perspectives on stakeholder participation in the design of economic experiments for agricultural policymaking: Pros, cons, and twelve recommendations for researchers
Authors: Höhler Julia , Barreiro‐Hurlé Jesús , Czajkowski Mikołaj , Dessart François J. , Ferraro Paul J. , Li Tongzhe , Messer Kent D. , Palm‐Forster Leah , Termansen Mette , Thomas Fabian , Zagórska Katarzyna , Zemo Kahsay Haile , Rommel Jens 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEconomic experiments have emerged as a powerful tool for agricultural policy evaluations. In this perspective, we argue that involving stakeholders in the design of economic experiments is critical to satisfy mandates for evidence‐based policies and encourage policymakers' usage of experimental results. To identify advantages and disadvantages of involving stakeholders when designing experiments, we synthesize observations from six experiments in Europe and North America. In these experiments, the primary advantage was the ability to learn within realistic decision environments and thus make relevant policy recommendations. Disadvantages include complicated implementation and constraints on treatment design. We compile 12 recommendations for researchers.
Optimized Modular Design of Acoustic Metamaterials: Targeted Noise Attenuation
Authors: Zhao Caiyou , Zhang Xinhao , Wang Ping , Wei Nachao , Geng Mingjing , Hui Qingmin , Yu Qi , Qiao Kangjia , Lu Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA modular design optimization method for acoustic metamaterial cells is proposed, which can ensure satisfying the targeted noise attenuation by using only the objective function of an arbitrary noise source and the constraints of the application at hand. The core algorithm is a fusion of the generalized particle swarm algorithm and wave finite element method specialized for structural and targeted optimization of metamaterials. The output is the optimized metamaterial cell and its sound barrier structure. The desired noise reduction performance is verified via acoustic testing of a 3D‐printed prototype. The simulation and experimental results of test cases show that the designed acoustic metamaterial can perfectly block the target noise band and have significant advantages in terms of design efficiency, light weight, and noise attenuation.
Efficient Conversion of Biomass to Formic Acid Coupled with Low Energy Consumption Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis
Authors: Tang Wensi , Zhang Lunan , Qiu Tianyu , Tan Huaqiao , Wang Yonghui , Liu Wei , Li Yangguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of a new electrolytic water hydrogen production coupling system is the key to realize efficient and low‐cost hydrogen production and promote its practical application. Herein, a green and efficient electrocatalytic biomass to formic acid (FA) coupled hydrogen production system has been developed. In such a system, carbohydrates such as glucose are oxidized to FA using polyoxometalates (POMs) as the redox anolyte, while H2 is evolved continuously at the cathode. Among them, the yield of glucose to FA is as high as 62.5 %, and FA is the only liquid product. Furthermore, the system requires only 1.22 V to drive a current density of 50 mA cm−2, and the Faraday efficiency of hydrogen production is close to 100 %. Its electrical consumption is only 2.9 kWh Nm−3 (H2), which is only 69 % of that of traditional electrolytic water. This work opens up a promising direction for low‐cost hydrogen production coupled with efficient biomass conversion.
Families' experience of a single session therapy framework in advanced allied health practice for children with neurodevelopmental and behavioural disabilities: A thematic analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Creen Julie , Kennedy‐Behr Ann , Donkin Rebecca , Verdonck Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle session therapy (SST) has emerging evidence for facilitating meaningful therapeutic change in a small number of consults, rather than more traditional long‐term therapies. This study aimed to explore and describe the parent/caregiver and child experience with advanced allied health practitioners (AAHP) using SST for children with developmental disabilities, by understanding key characteristics of the consultation that led to therapeutic change. Eligible families attending an AAHP outpatient clinic for children with developmental and behavioural concerns participated in one to four SST consultations around their identified areas of need. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 38 parents and 12 children, from 37 different families. Thematic analysis was used to analyse interviews. Demographic information was gathered through parent interviews and by reviewing hospital records. Four key themes emerged relating to the characteristics of the consultation that led to a positive experience for families: (1) the art of mutual presence; (2) the value of time; (3) the power of understanding; and (4) the trust of action. These attributes were influenced by the overarching complexities of the AAHP, the parent's and child's interpersonal skills, and the organisational mechanisms influencing patient care. Parents and children reported clinical change during the consult through increased understanding, and being heard, valued, and respected for their individual decisions on how to manage their child's and family's needs. This study provides preliminary evidence that utilising SST for children and families with developmental and behavioural needs facilitates a positive experience valued by families. SST, with a focus on a family's individual identified areas of concern, was valued and effective when delivered by AAHP. This suggests that SST, when appropriately administered by experienced and trained health practitioners, is useful for families dealing with children with developmental and behavioural challenges.
Breast tumor‐targeted drug delivery via polymer nanocarriers: Endogenous and exogenous strategies
Authors: Zhu Mengfan , Wang Xunhao , Zhou Yan , Li Mengmeng , Wang Yufei , Wang Yinhan , Li Tengfei , Song Sean Yan , Zhang Boxin , Hezam Kamal , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancer, one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, has a high degree of malignancy while lacking efficient treatments. The off‐target events frequently occurring in drug administration have been a major obstacle, which causes severe side effects to patients and reduces the therapeutic efficacy. An ideal medication should precisely target the specific site with precise control over concentration and duration. In recent years, there has been immense progress in polymer nanocarriers that demonstrate great potential in the targeted delivery. These nanocarriers are constructed from materials sensitive to a wide range of endogenous (e.g., pH, enzyme, redox) and exogenous stimuli (e.g., light, ultrasound, magnetic waves), driving cargo release to the targeted tissue or cells. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of current targeting strategies and the engineering methods to construct these targeting systems or to improve their targeting efficiency. We capture the recent progress in the targeted nanocarriers derived from polymers which span hydrogels and micelles, demonstrating their design and applications in chemo, hyperthermia, immuno, and gene therapies.
Preparation of PLA/PEG@SDS microfibers‐based nonwovens via melt‐blown process parameters: Wound dressings with enhanced water wetting performance
Authors: Wang Rongchen , Zhang Heng , Cao Yang , Zhai Qian , Hu Junjie , Zhen Qi , Qian Xiaoming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) melt‐blown nonwovens are promising materials for medical and healthcare applications due to their properties such as softness, breathability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, their widespread commercial application has been limited by their poor mechanical properties and insufficient hydrophilicity limit. To address these limitations, we prepared polylactic acid/polyethylene glycol@sodium dodecyl sulfate (PLA/PEG@SDS) microfibers‐based nonwovens using a melt‐blown process. The average fiber diameter of PLA/PEG@SDS microfibers nonwovens could be tuned from 1 to 13.9 μm by regulating the die temperature or hot air pressure. In addition, increasing the die temperature from 210°C to 225°C resulted in a 140.3% and 124.8% increase in the breaking resistance along the mechanical direction (MD) and transverse direction (CD), respectively. Meanwhile, the increase in the breaking resistance was observed between the hot air pressure and the mechanical strength of the PLA/PEG@SDS microfibers‐based nonwovens. Notably, the prepared samples exhibited a short wetting time of 3.438 s, a fast water absorption rate of 68.401%·s−1, and an excellent liquid water diffusion of 5.86 mm s−1. These results suggest that the PLA/PEG@SDS microfibers nonwovens prepared using melt‐blown process demonstrate efficient wetting performance, which paves the way for the industrial production of medical‐grade materials such as wound dressings.
A technique for decreasing reflection during cadaveric photography
Authors: Takatsume Yoshifumi , Kajita Hiroki , Imanishi Nobuaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo create anatomical educational materials that can be viewed in three dimensions using stereo photographs and photogrammetry, multiple photographs must be taken from different directions. In this process, shadows and reflections from different positions in each photograph are undesirable for creating three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy educational materials. Although a ring flash eliminates shadows, allowing light to enter from all directions, reflections cannot be eliminated. In particular, Thiel‐embalmed cadavers, which are widely used in clinical anatomy, are highly wet and exhibit strong specular highlights. In this study, a straight polarization filter was attached to a handheld camera lens and ring flash, and shooting was performed using cross‐polarization photography. Consequently, even in Thiel‐embalmed cadavers, the details lost due to the effects of reflections and shadows can be recovered, and good results can be obtained when taking stereo photos or creating a 3D model using photogrammetry.