bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of Optimization Algorithms from Supervised Learning Perspective
Authors: Paul Rahul , Das Kedar Nath 
Published: July 2023

Machine learning (ML) is rapidly evolving, leading to numerous theoretical advancements and widespread applications across multiple fields. The goal of ML is to enable machines to carry out cognitive tasks by acquiring knowledge from past encounters and resolving intricate issues despite varying circumstances that deviate from previous instances. Supervised Learning (SL) being one of the most popular type of ML has become an area of significant strategic importance due to its practical applications, data collection, and computing power's exponential growth. On the other hand, optimization is a crucial component of ML that has garnered significant attention from researchers. Numerous proposals have been made one after another for solving optimization problems or enhancing optimization techniques in the field of ML. A comprehensive review and application of optimization methods from the perspective of ML is crucial to guide the development of both optimization and ML research. This article presents information specifically on the area of SL and a wide range of optimization methods, applied in conjunction to address various scientific issues. Additionally, this article explores some of the challenges and open problems in optimizing SL models.

Received: 8 May 2023 | Revised: 29 June 2023 | Accepted: 9 July 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Rahul Paul: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Project administration. Kedar Nath Das: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
A data-driven reduced-order model for rotor optimization
Authors: Peters Nicholas , Silva Christopher , Ekaterinaris John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. For rotor design applications, such as wind turbine rotors or urban air mobility (UAM) rotorcraft and flying-car design, there is a significant challenge in quickly and accurately modeling rotors operating in complex, turbulent flow fields. One potential path for deriving reasonably accurate but low-cost rotor performance predictions is available through the application of data-driven surrogate modeling. In this study, an initial investigation is undertaken to apply a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based reduced-order model (ROM) for predicting rotor distributed loads. The POD ROM was derived based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results and utilized to produce distributed-pressure predictions on rotor blades subjected to topology change due to variations in the twist and taper ratio. Rotor twist, θ, was varied between 0, 10, 20, and 30∘, while the taper ratio, λ, was varied as 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7. For a demonstration of the approach, all rotors consisted of a single blade. The POD ROM was validated for three operation cases: a high-pitch or a high-thrust rotor in hover, a low-pitch or a low-thrust rotor in hover, and a rotor in forward flight at a low speed resembling wind turbine operation with wind shear. Results showed that reasonably accurate distributed-load predictions could be achieved and the resulting surrogate model can predict loads at a minimal computational cost. The computational cost for the hovering blade surface pressure prediction was reduced from 12 h on 440 cores required for CFD to a fraction of a second on a single core required for POD. For rotors in forward flight, cost was reduced from 20 h on 440 cores to less than a second on a single core. The POD ROM was used to carry out a design optimization of the rotor such that the figure of merit was maximized for hovering-rotor cases and the lift-to-drag effective ratio was maximized in forward flight.
Utilization of Postnatal Care Services and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors among Mothers in Sheikhupura
Authors: Nazeer Saima , Mustafa Tuba , Sultana Razia , Manzoor Zarina 
Published: July 2023

The general state of a population's health system can be seen in the maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the obvious benefits of postnatal healthcare services literature reveal that these services are frequently underused, especially in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan. Objective: To identify the family traits that were thought to be the biggest factor of using the available postnatal health care services. Methods: According to the nature of the study quantitative research method was used. 323 females who were not currently pregnant but had given birth to one or more children selected in the sample of the present study. Final sample was chosen using a multistage sampling technique. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between family traits and the use of postnatal healthcare services. Results: Results showed that 76.5% of respondents had their postpartum hemorrhage evaluated. The majority of participants (83.6%) and those who took contraceptives after giving birth (83.1%) got breastfeeding support. Results of the current study showed that the number of postnatal care visits was significantly correlated with the husband's age, education, and family's monthly income. Postnatal care was also connected to the husband's age, education, and family income levels. Conclusions: According to the study's conclusions, education should be targeted towards enhancing the significance of postnatal care services. To address the issue of health care service utilization, policy level actions are required to maximize the ratio of the utilization of postnatal care services.
An Ex Post Impact Assessment of Municipal Restructuring in Finland
Authors: Vartiainen Niko 
Published: July 2023

An Ex Post Impact Assessment of Municipal Restructuring in Finland – What Can We Learn?
A law-drafting process and decision-making should be based on a proper evidence base of the costs and benefits of different regulatory options. Too often, however, regulatory processes lack an adequate scientific evidence base to carry out decent impact assessments. One important and useful way to strengthen the evidence base for forthcoming regulatory reforms is to accomplish ex post impact assessments of past reforms. The necessity for ex post impact assessments has been apparent, for example, in the local government sector, as in several countries the regulator has considered municipal mergers as a panacea for improving the financial position of local governments. In this study, an ex post impact assessment of Finnish municipal structure regulation is conducted. More precisely, the study analyses the impacts of Finnish municipal mergers that were accomplished during the so-called PARAS reform, which took place between 2007 and 2013. The impact assessment is focused on examining the achievement of the objectives set for the PARAS reform in terms of expenditures and vitality. The impacts of the mergers are analysed using the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology on two previously quite unexplored fields in merger literature: business activities (vitality) and comprehensive schooling (expenditures). The results reveal that municipal mergers have not caused any expenditure-moderating and productivity-enhancing effects on comprehensive schooling and no positive effects on the location decisions of business activities. In summary, municipal mergers are not the proper regulatory alternative to moderate the expenditure growth of municipalities, nor do mergers turn municipalities more attractive for residents and businesses and enhance vitality in this manner.
A Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Grenada’s Legislative Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Redhead Arya 
Published: July 2023

A Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Grenada’s Legislative Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
The extent to which nations have been adequately equipped to deal with the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and its ensuing fallout has been hotly contested, and the legislative responses of states have varied. This article aims to conduct an evidence-based assessment of how well Grenada’s legislative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic performed the objectives they set out to achieve, identifying any changes that occurred, the extent to which these changes were influenced by the legislation or by other non-legislative factors and the primary actors affected by these changes. This assessment features and tests Mousmouti’s criteria of legislative quality, collectively characterized as the ‘effectiveness test’, which evaluates legislative purpose, structure, content and results.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF INDIGENOUS HERBAL DRUGS IN RABBITS
Authors: M. H. Rasool  
Published: July 2023

Immunol®(syrup) (0.65ml/kg), Gen-Xing®(tablet) (7.2mg/kg) and MufarrehYakuuti® (semi-solid) (87mg/kg) were administered orally at normal, 25% (0.82ml/kg, 9mg/kg and 107.5mg/kg) and 50% (0.98ml/kg, 10.8mg/kg and 129mg/kg) increased dose to healthy male rabbits for two weeks. Non-specific and Humoral immune responses were measured throughpercent Neutrophil Adhesion assay and Haemagglutination Antibody assay against Sheep RBCsrespectively. Immunol revealed dose dependent response with maximum percent NA (92.58 ± 2.36 & 97.87±1.31) at 50% increased dose. Effect of drugs on Humoral Immune Response was significantly higher in terms of individual antibody titer and Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) as compared to control. However, Immunol® at 50 % and MufarrehYakuuti® at 25% increased doses showed highest GMT of 1024. GMTs decreased to 50% at 45th day of experiment with highest value of 64. The herbalpreparations enhanced the specific and non-specific immunity in rabbits under study. However,Immunol was found to be the best and may be potential candidate for clinical use in future.
Differences of BUN and Serum Creatinine Values in Severity of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients at RSD dr. Seobandi Jember
Authors: Kusuma Irawan Fajar , Masita Nur Fa'iza Raihanah , Adji Novan Krisno 
Published: July 2023

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on the severity of the metabolic acidosis and level of consciousness. As one of hyperglycemic crisis, DKA causes kidney dysfunction which then trigger acute kidney injury (AKI). High mortality rates, recurrent DKA (repeated episodes), increased health care costs, and the risk of further complications can occur due to AKI. Early detection of AKI risk by renal function tests such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine can be done because its easy method hence it is widely used for routine evaluation. This study aims to determine the differences of BUN and serum creatinine values ​​in DKA patients classified by severity as a prognostic markers associated with the risk of AKI in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. The design of this study was analytic observational using a cross-sectional design obtained from medical records of 34 patients. The results showed a non-significant difference in BUN values ​​(p=0.085) and a significant difference in serum creatinine values ​​(p=0.033) between mild, moderate, and severe DKA. Serum creatinine evinced to be more reliable indicator than BUN as prognostic marker of DKA in the setting of AKI risk.
Keywords: DKA, prognosis, acute kidney injury, AKI
In Stent Restenosis After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in a Patient with Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report
Authors: Ratna Dewi I Gusti Ayu , Lukita Wening Tristi , Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono 
Published: July 2023

Polycythemia vera happened in people around 40-60 years old and mostly men. The criteria are total red blood cells ≥36 mL/kg in males, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, and JAK2 mutation. We present a case of a 63-year-old male with unknown history of polycythemia vera who came to our hospital with acute STEMI anterior, he previously had done a coronary angiogram at another hospital thirteen days ago and found out that his previous drug-eluting stent (DES) was total in-stent restenosis in proximal. To prevent recurrent ischemia events, we replaced Clopidogrel with Ticagrelor and continue Aspirin.
Keywords: drug-eluting stent; in-stent restenosis; polycythemia vera
analysis of some artifacts discovered in 2019 from the Khutlug khagan’s memorial complex
Authors: Tserenkhand Buyankhishig , Sarantuya Dalantai 
Published: July 2023

In 2019, a joint expedition of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the International Turkic Academy excavated and studied a memorial complex related to the Turkic Period in the Nomgon Valley, Khashaat soum, Arkhangai aimag. 9 monuments from the Turkic Period were documented in this site, the monument with number 2 was selected to excavate. A square-shaped granite slab with a hole in the middle was found in this monument, which resembled the square slab of Bilge Khagan’s memorial complex, so it was the main reason that it is considered as a memorial complex devoted to a Turkic Khagans or an aristocrats. There were discovered a lion statue with twin baby lions, and a type of roof ending tile with the form of a beast (zee bad), which are new findings never been found before. The monuments of Nomgon Valley complex consist of earthen ditch, balbal, stone structures of worship, stone statues of lions and sheep show that they belong to the Late Turkic Khaganate period, and it was also proven by the discovery of the Khutlug Khagan’s stele during the excavation completed in 2022. These findings also show the presence of a Buddhist element, a sign of the influence of Buddhism among the Turkic Khagans and nobles.
Кутлуг хааны цогцолбороос 2019 онд илрүүлсэн зарим олдворын судалгаа
Товчлол. Архангай аймгийн Хашаат сумын нутаг, Номгоны хөндийд орших Түрэгийн үед холбогдох дурсгалд 2019 онд ШУА-ийн Түүх, археологийн хүрээлэн (Тухайн үеийн нэрээр) - Олон Улсын Түрэг Академийн хамтарсан шинжилгээний анги анхны малтлага судалгааг хийсэн билээ. Энд нийт 9 дурсгалыг дугаарлан бүртгэснээс 2 дугаартай дурсгалыг сонгон малтсан юм. Уг дурсгалд дөрвөлжин хэлбэртэй, дундаа нүхтэй засмал чулуу байсан бөгөөд энэ нь Билгэ хааны тахилын онгоны дөрвөлжин хавтан чулуутай ижилсэж байгаа нь үүнийг анх Түрэгийн хаад язгууртны онгон гэж үзэх гол үндэс боллоо. Энэхүү малтлагаас шинээр хос гүегтэй чулуун арслан, араатны (зээ бад) дүрст нүүр ваар зэрэг илэрсэн нь урьд өмнө олдож байгаагүй шинэ хэрэглэгдэхүүн болох юм. Номгоны хөндийн 2-р дурсгал болох шороон далан, зэл чулуу, тахилгын чулуу, арслан, хонь дүрст чулуун хөшөө бүхий уг цогцолборыг эртний Түрэгийн хожуу хаант улсын үед холбогдуулан үзэж байсан нь 2022 оны малтлага судалгааны үр дүнд Кутлуг хааны гэрэлт хөшөө илэрснээр батлагдсан билээ. Мөн дээрх олдворуудад Буддын шашны махбод орсон байгаа нь харагдах ба Түрэгийн хаад язгууртны дунд Буддын шашны нөлөө байсны нэг илрэл болж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Номгоны хөндий, Түрэгийн язгууртны тахилын онгон, Тангийн соёл, чулуун арслан, нүүр ваар, зээ бад
Estudo da dinâmica do palmito Juçara no Parque Estadual de Intervales como prática no Curso de Biologia da FHO - Uniararas/SP
Authors: Costa Rayssa Duarte , Gonçalves Bia Lorrane , Garcia Natália da Silva , Rita Marina Alves , Lazaro Talita Maria , Zanchetta Suzana Vidorette , Trovó Wellington Altarúgio , Betioli Júlio Valentim 
Published: July 2023

A Fundação Hermínio Ometto – FHO capacita seus alunos para atuarem em centros de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Assim, os estudos interdisciplinares são ferramentas para habilitar a formação desses alunos, principalmente dos futuros professores de biologia e ciências. Dentre as várias atividades desenvolvidas no curso, que fazem parte do Projeto Pedagógico, o Estudo de Meio se enquadra como atividade intra e extracurricular. A finalidade dessa pesquisa foi de avaliar a prática interdisciplinar no curso de Biologia, segundo um Estudo de Meio no Parque Estadual de Intervales (PEI) – Ribeirão Grande – SP. O trabalho de pesquisa caracterizou a densidade de plântulas do palmito juçara, em trilhas e interior da mata, como parte integrante da atividade do quinto período do curso. No local, o estudo prático consistiu em aplicar o protocolo experimental para levantamento do palmito juçara com auxílio do Método das Parcelas. Foram realizadas quatro parcelas de 6 m x 10 m, sendo duas no interior da floresta e duas perto da trilha, num total de 240 m2. O Estudo de Meio realizado no PEI possibilitou conhecer o local, sua dinâmica, o trabalho dos monitores e algumas de suas cavernas, que atraem visitantes de escolas e Universidades, assim como turismo de pequenos grupos. Obteve-se a ocorrência de 101 plântulas de palmitos na trilha e 36 no interior da mata. Provavelmente, um sinal de restauração natural, decorrente do banco de sementes da floresta do PEI e condições do local. Conclui-se que o Estudo de Meio, nesse caso, a dinâmica do palmito, pode ser indicada como parte da formação integral do futuro Biólogo, para atuar no ensino (professor), extensão (monitor) e pesquisa (pós-graduação).
FORMAL AND LEGAL ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT OVERCOMING THE MORATORIUM ON THE DEATH PENALTY
Authors: Тарусина Н.Н. 
Published: July 2023

Объектом исследования выступают правовые нормы (конституционные, конвенционные, уголовно–правовые) о смертной казни как исключительной мере наказания, а также правовые позиции Конституционного Суда РФ и доктринальные положения по данному вопросу. Целью работы является обоснование возможности возврата к данному виду наказания в российском правоприменении в рамках действующего законодательства. Методологическую основу исследования составили диалектический метод познания социально– правовых явлений, общенаучные, междисциплинарные, а также специализированные методы юридической науки. Сформулирована позиция автора о том, что, с формально–юридической точки зрения, преодоление моратория не требует принятия новой Конституции – достаточно запроса уполномоченного субъекта в Конституционный Суд РФ, т. к. определение последнего о бессрочном характере данного моратория этому не препятствует (в соответствующем же постановлении Суда вопросы уголовного права не обсуждались) либо решение Государственной Думы РФ.
The object of the study is the legal norms (constitutional, conventional, criminal law) on the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, as well as the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and doctrinal provisions on this issue. The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of returning to this type of punishment in Russian law enforcement within the framework of the current legislation. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of cognition of social and legal phenomena, general scientific, interdisciplinary, as well as specialized methods of legal science. The author's position is formulated that, from a formal legal point of view, overcoming the moratorium does not require the adoption of a new constitution - it is enough to request an authorized subject to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, since the latter's definition of the indefinite nature of this moratorium does not prevent this (in the corresponding in the judgment of the Court, questions of criminal law were not discussed) or the decision of the State Duma of the RF.
SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE CIRCULATION OF ALCOHOLIC AND ALCOHOL-CONTAINING PRODUCTS AMONG MINORS
Authors: Захаров Г.Н. 
Published: July 2023

Объектом исследования выступают нормы отечественного и зарубежного права, регулирующие производство и оборот этилового спирта, алкогольной и спиртосодержащей продукции, а также ограничение потребления (распития) алкогольной продукции. Целью работы является выявление правовых ограничений и запретов для несовершеннолетних при регулировании оборота алкогольной и спиртосодержащей продукции с учетом мировой практики Всемирной организации здравоохранения, а также законодательных установлений Российской Федерации. Сформулирована авторская позиция по вопросам политики Российской в отношении несовершеннолетних с учетом общих мировых тенденций и приоритетов.
The object of the study is the norms of domestic and foreign law regulating the production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, as well as limiting the consumption (drinking) of alcoholic products. The aim of the work is to identify legal restrictions and prohibitions for minors in regulating the circulation of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products, taking into account the world practice of the World Health Organization, as well as the legislative provisions of the Russian Federation. The author's position on the issues of Russian policy towards minors is formulated, considering general world trends and priorities.
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of patients with non-traumatic angiography-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Geng Yibo , Jia Jianwen , Liu Xiaoli , Li Tong , Liu He , Sun Yongquan , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown in 10% of cases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the characteristics of patients with angiography-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (anSAH) and to analyze factors influencing the clinical outcome in patients suffering from anSAH.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 75 patients with anSAH [26 perimesencephalic (pmSAH) and 49 non-perimesencephalic SAH (npmSAH)] admitted between January 2016 and June 2022 was included. We analyzed demographic, clinical data and 6-month functional outcomes. Enter regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with outcomes.ResultsUnfavorable outcome was achieved in 10 of 75 patients (13.3%). Unfavorable outcome was associated with senior adults (p = 0.008), Hijdra cistern score (HCS) elevation (p = 0.015), long-time lumbar cistern continuous drainage (LCFD; p = 0.029) and hydrocephalus (p = 0.046). The only significant risk factor for unfavorable outcome after npmSAH was the HCS (OR 1.213 (95%CI 1.007–1.462), p = 0.042).ConclusionOur study provides valuable information on both SAH patterns and functional outcome in patients suffering from anSAH and should be taken into consideration during management of these patients.
SOME ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RISING FROM SHRIMP CULTURE ON SANDY COASTS IN NINH PHUOC, NINH THUAN PROVINCE
Authors: Ngoc Phan Thi 
Published: July 2023

Ninh Thuan is a coastal area which has potentials for aquaculture development in sandy Coast. It used to be in first position of shrimp culture on sandy coasts and in extending culture area. The sandy coasts are shared resources of different economic activities and play an important role in regulating and keeping the scarced groundwater resources in a waste land where the sunligh more than the rain. So that, the sandy coasts are very sensitive and vulnerable and should pay an attention in exploitation and utilization. The shirmp culture on sandy coasts in Ninh Phuoc have already got primary econimically bennifits, but unstable due to causing a lot of environmental problems and negative impacts such as: pollution whithin and around the aquaculture areas; decline quality and quantity of the groundwater; caused pollution of nearshore environment; decrease coastal protective forest area and increase wasteland areasl, ... Especially, the environmental problems have impacted to economy, to liveliehoods and daily activities of local people. This article presents the studied results in Ninh Phuoc district and recomended solutions for coastal sands sustainable development in Ninh Thuan in particular and for sandy sustainable shrimp culture in Vietnam in general.