bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sartre and Frankfurt: Bad faith as evidence for three levels of volitional consciousness
Authors: Davenport John J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay argues for a new conception of bad faith based partly on Harry Frankfurt's famous account of personal autonomy in terms of higher‐order volitions and caring, and based partly on Sartre's insights concerning tacit or pre‐thetic attitudes and “transcendent” freedom. Although Sartre and Frankfurt have rarely been connected, Frankfurt's concepts of volitional “wantonness” and “bullshit” (wantonness about truth) are similar in certain revealing respects to Sartre's account of bad faith. However, Sartre leaves no room for Frankfurt's central point that people can volitionally commit themselves to develop certain motives and reduce others, thereby shaping an authentic identity through volitional “identification” and “alienation” of motives. Frankfurt in turn minimizes the role that a sense of liberty to form and alter higher‐order volitions plays in experiences of autonomy, which Sartre recognizes in the transcendence of the “for‐itself.” When these points are combined, we get a tri‐level theory of intrasubjective volitional stances that explains Sartre's cases better than his own theory can, and also clarifies how sincere or procedurally autonomous self‐relation is possible.
Spatial heterogeneity of biomass turnover has contrasting effects on synchrony and stability in trophic metacommunities
Authors: Quévreux Pierre , Haegeman Bart , Loreau Michel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of ecosystems, and ecologists have identified it as a factor promoting the stability of population dynamics. In particular, differences in interaction strengths and resource supply between patches generate an asymmetry of biomass turnover with a fast and a slow patch coupled by a mobile predator. Here, we demonstrate that asymmetry leads to opposite stability patterns in metacommunities receiving localized perturbations depending on the characteristics of the perturbed patch. Perturbing prey in the fast patch synchronizes the dynamics of prey biomass between the two patches and destabilizes predator dynamics by increasing the predator's temporal variability. Conversely, perturbing prey in the slow patch decreases the synchrony of the prey's dynamics and stabilizes predator dynamics. Our results have implications for conservation ecology and suggest reinforcing protection policies in fast patches to dampen the effects of perturbations and promote the stability of population dynamics at the regional scale.
The role of neuronal antibodies in cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Eisele Amanda , Schwager Matthias , Bögli Stefan Yu , Reichen Ina , Dargvainiene Justina , Wandinger Klaus‐Peter , Imbach Lukas , Haeberlin Marcellina , Keller Emanuela , Jelcic Ilijas , Galovic Marian , Brandi Giovanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost cases with new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) remain cryptogenic despite extensive diagnostic workup. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology and clinical features of NORSE and investigate known or potentially novel autoantibodies in cryptogenic NORSE (cNORSE). We retrospectively assessed the medical records of adults with status epilepticus at a Swiss tertiary referral center between 2010 and 2021. Demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome parameters were characterized. We performed post hoc screening for known or potentially novel autoantibodies including immunohistochemistry (IHC) on rat brain with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of cNORSE. Twenty patients with NORSE were identified. Etiologies included infections (n = 4), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (n = 1), CASPR2 autoimmune encephalitis (n = 1), and carotid artery stenosis with recurrent perfusion deficit (n = 1). Thirteen cases (65%) were cryptogenic despite detailed evaluation. A posteriori IHC for neuronal autoantibodies yielded negative results in all available serum (n = 11) and CSF (n = 9) samples of cNORSE. Our results suggest that neuronal antibodies are unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cNORSE. Future studies should rather focus on other—especially T‐cell‐ and cytokine‐mediated—mechanisms of autoinflammation in this devastating disease, which is far too poorly understood so far.
Genome‐wide diversity evaluation and core germplasm extraction in ex situ conservation: A case of golden Camellia tunghinensis
Authors: Zhu Xianliang , Zou Rong , Qin Huizhen , Chai Shengfeng , Tang Jianmin , Li Yingying , Wei Xiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhether ex situ populations constructed in the limited nursery resources of botanical gardens can preserve enough genetic diversity of endangered plants in the wild remains uncertain. Here, a case study was conducted with Camellia tunghinensis, which is one of the species with the lowest natural distribution area in the sect. Chrysantha (golden camellia) of the family Theaceae. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 229 samples from wild and ex situ populations using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Core germplasm was constructed from these samples. The results showed that wild C. tunghinensis exhibited high genetic diversity, with observed heterozygosity of 0.257–0.293 and expected heterozygosity of 0.247–0.262. Compared with wild populations, the genetic diversity of ex situ populations established by transplanting wild seedlings was close to or even higher. However, the genetic diversity of those established by seed or cuttings of a few superior trees was lower. The Admixture analysis revealed that the structure of the ex situ populations derived from seeds and cuttings was relatively simple compared with the ex situ populations derived from transplanted wild seedlings and wild populations. These results suggested that direct transplanting of wild seedlings was more conducive to preserving the genetic diversity of endangered plants in the wild. In addition, wild populations demonstrated a small differentiation (mean FST = 0.044) among themselves, possibly due to long‐term and frequent gene flow between the wild populations. In contrast, moderate differentiation (mean FST > 0.05) was detected among ex situ populations and between ex situ and wild populations. This may be the combined result of the absence of gene flow pathways and strong selection pressure in various ex situ environments. Finally, 77 core germplasms were extracted from 229, likely representing the genetic diversity of C. tunghinensis. This study provides future strategies for the ex situ conservation and management of the golden camellia species and other rare and endangered plants.
The relatives of people with depression: A systematic review and methodological critique of qualitative studies
Authors: Buus Niels , Petersen Alan , McPherson Susan , Meadows Graham , Brand Gabrielle , Ong Ben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBeing a close relative of a person with depression can take a heavy toll on the former, but these relatives are increasingly made responsible for taking on extensive carer roles. Research on relatives of people with depression is currently dominated by a focus on “carer burden” and although such a focus can explain many relatives' experiences and daily lives, it provides very limited insight into the everyday life of a person living with someone with depression. Therefore, we scoped qualitative research on people who are relatives of people living with depression and identified knowledge gaps caused by explicit or implicit theoretical or methodological assumptions. We conducted an exhaustive literature search in CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and Eric. In total, 34 publications were included, their quality evaluated and their findings mapped and summarized. We identified four interrelated and overlapping themes that dominated the findings of the publications: (a) recognition of “depression”, (b) emotional responses, (c) interruptions of relationships, and (d) a staged psychosocial process. The vast majority of studies presented de‐contextualized and underinterpreted analyses assuming a homogeneity of (illness) experiences and disregarded the important influence of social contributors to social relationships, connectedness, and mental health problems.
Comparison of carbon and nitrogen accumulation rate between bog and fen phases in a pristine peatland with the fen‐bog transition
Authors: Yang Qiannan , Liu Ziping , Bai Edith 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong‐term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in peatlands are affected by both vegetation production and decomposition processes. Here, we examined the carbon accumulation rate (CAR), nitrogen accumulation rate (NAR) and δ13C, δ15N of plant residuals in a peat core dated back to ~8500 cal year BP in a temperate peatland in Northeast China. Impacted by the tephra during 1160 and 789 cal year BP and climate change, the peatland changed from a fen dominated by vascular plants to a bog dominated by Sphagnum mosses. We used the Clymo model to quantify peat addition rate and decay constant for acrotelm and catotelm layers during both bog and fen phases. Our studied peatland was dominated by Sphagnum fuscum during the bog phase (789 to −59 cal year BP) and lower accumulation rates in the acrotelm layer was found during this phase, suggesting the dominant role of volcanic eruption in the CAR of the peat core. Both mean CAR and NAR were higher during the bog phase than during the fen phase in our study, consistent with the results of the only one similar study in the literature. Because the input rate of organic matter was considered to be lower during the bog phase, the decomposition process must have been much lower during the bog phase than during the fen phase and potentially controlled CAR and NAR. During the fen phase, CAR was also lower under higher temperature and summer insolation, conditions beneficial for decomposition. δ15N of Sphagnum hinted that nitrogen fixation had a positive effect on nitrogen accumulation, particular in recent decades. Our study suggested that decomposition is more important for carbon and nitrogen sequestration than production in peatlands in most conditions and if future climate changes or human disturbance increase decomposition rate, carbon sequestration in peatlands will be jeopardized.
Variations of seed size and seed number per spikelet and their effects on seed germination in hulled oats
Authors: Yuan Zhan , Gislum René , Jing Zhang , Zhifeng Jia , Xiang Ma , Haicong Liu , Rongming Guo , Wei Zhang , Jiaqi Fang , Zhou Qingping , Hui Wang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeed yield components and ear characteristics are critical parameters for seed yield improvement of cereal crops. In this study, 23 hulled oat (Avena sativa) cultivars were planted in four experimental sites during 2018–2020. We determined the ear parameters including the number of four spikelet types, the ear length, the seed weight per ear, and the size of the left and the right seed in the double‐seed spikelet. In addition, five oat cultivars with the highest percentage of the triple‐seed spikelet were selected to evaluate the germination performance of the left, the middle, and the right seed. The results showed that the double‐seed spikelet was present in 73% of the ear, occupying the highest proportion than other spikelet types. The negative correlation showed the trade‐off between total seed number per ear and average seed weight. According to the pathway analysis, the number of double‐seed spikelet had the significantly highest direct effect on the seed weight per ear with the path coefficient of 0.93. In the double‐seed spikelet, the length and the thickness both had significantly positive correlations to the seed weight of the left and the right seeds. The middle seed, which had the smallest seed size, had the lowest germination rate, germination index, vigour index, seedling weight, and length than the right and left seed among three seed positions in the triple‐seed spikelet. We conclude that the double‐seed spikelet number is a key ear characteristic when breeding high‐yielding cultivars.
The origins and consequences of administrative burdens in mass immunization programs: Experimental evidence based on the monkeypox outbreak
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Wang Huan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudies in medicine, bioscience, psychology, sociology, and public health have provided various contextual, individual, and vaccine‐specific explanations for vaccine uptake. However, one significant yet often ignored fact is that vaccination could be viewed as a site of citizen‐state interaction in implementing public vaccination policy. This begs the questions: What barriers create administrative burdens in vaccination? How do the experiences of administrative burdens (i.e., the learning, psychological, and compliance costs in citizen‐state interactions) shape the public's willingness to vaccinate? According to theoretical insights drawn from the extant literature on administrative burden and vaccine uptake, this study uses a conjoint experiment design based on a representative sample of China to reveal the role of administrative burdens in shaping the public's willingness to vaccinate against the monkeypox outbreak, a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern’ from July 2022 to May 2023. The experimental results suggest that multiple salient barriers have distinct effects on the respondents' learning, psychological, and compliance costs, thus significantly influencing their vaccine uptake. These findings have important implications for both future research and efforts to promote mass immunization programs.
The burden of global outbreaks: Photos of the daily lives of children with congenital Zika syndrome during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: de Lima Nascimento Coutinho Dinara Laiana , Feldner Heather , Coelho Monique L. G. , Monteiro Karolinne S. , Longo Egmar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn Brazil, more than 3500 children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) face difficulties participating in activities of daily living, which may be aggravated by health emergencies, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participation could be defined as the individual's involvement in daily life situations, and participation restrictions are problems that may arise in involvement in everyday situations.AimTo explore the daily lives of children with CZS during the COVID‐19 pandemic using photographic narratives captured by mothers and discuss possible strategies to improve participation results.MethodsIn this participatory action research, seven young Brazilian mothers acted as co‐researchers using photovoice to describe the experiences of their children with CZS (from 2 to 5 years old). Also, mothers contributed to validate the contents. The research was conducted online and included the following steps: pilot study, recruitment, individualized training, sociodemographic interview, photovoice training, photo taking, focus group for contextualization, data transcription and analysis and validation of analyses by the mothers.ResultsContent analysis revealed five categories that influenced the participation of the children: participation preferences, family relationships, access to healthcare, access to education and social isolation. Regarding participation preferences, mothers reported their children's desire to play with peers and family members and have autonomy. Mothers described the family environment as a happy, peaceful and safe place for the children. Lack of therapy was perceived to negatively impact the health of children; thus, treatments were considered essential for child development. Access to education included accessibility of remote education and a perceived lack of infrastructure and pedagogical preparation. Last, social isolation due to COVID‐19 directly affected the daily lives and behaviour of the children, interrupting therapies and medical appointments.ConclusionThe photos and narratives captured several aspects of the daily lives of children with CZS impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic, reinforcing the importance of considering the negative effects of social isolation and offering education and social assistance to promote participation and integral health.Patient/Public ContributionConsistent with a participatory action research framework, Mothers acted as co‐researchers and participated in all stages of the research, especially in validating the data analysed by the researchers.
A virtuous cycle of co‐production: Reflections from a community priority‐setting exercise
Authors: Ikhile Deborah , Glass Devyn , Frere‐Smith Kat , Fraser Sam , Turner Keith , Ramji Hasu , Gremesty Georgie , Ford Elizabeth , van Marwijk Harm 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCo‐production is gaining increasing recognition as a good way of facilitating collaboration among different stakeholders, including members of the public. However, it remains an ambiguous concept as there is no definitive or universal model of co‐production or clarity on what constitutes a good co‐production approach. This paper draws on the reflections of the academic researchers, practitioners and public advisors involved in co‐producing a priority‐setting exercise. The exercise was conducted by the Primary and Community Health Services (PCHS) Theme of the National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration for Kent, Surrey and Sussex (NIHR ARC KSS).MethodsWe collected data through written and verbal reflections from seven collaborators involved in the PCHS priority‐setting exercise. We used Gibbs' model of reflection to guide the data collection. We then analysed the data through an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsA common thread through our reflections was the concept of ‘sharing’. Although co‐production is inherently shared, we used the virtuous cycle to illustrate a sequence of sharing concepts during the research cycle, which provides the underpinnings of positive co‐production outcomes. We identified six themes to denote the iterative process of a shared approach within the virtuous cycle: shared values, shared understanding, shared power, shared responsibilities, shared ownership and positive outcomes.ConclusionOur results present a virtuous cycle of co‐production, which furthers the conceptual underpinnings of co‐production. Through our reflections, we propose that positive co‐production outcomes require foundations of shared values and a shared understanding of co‐production as a concept. These foundations facilitate a process of shared power, shared responsibilities and shared ownership. We argue that when these elements are present in a co‐production exercise, there is a greater potential for implementable outcomes in the communities in which the research serves and the empowerment of collaborators involved in the co‐production process.Public Members' ContributionsThree members of the public who are public advisors in the NIHR ARC KSS were involved in the priority‐setting exercise that informed this paper. The public advisors were involved in the design of the priority‐setting exercise and supported participants' recruitment. They also co‐facilitated the focus groups during data collection and were involved in the data analysis, interpretation and preparation of the priority‐setting report. For this current manuscript, two of them are co‐authors. They provided reflections and contributed to the writing and reviewing of this manuscript.
Restoring declining species through translocations: A test case using flightless grasshoppers in an urban setting
Authors: Yagui Hiromi , Kearney Michael R. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Population translocations are used increasingly as a conservation strategy for vertebrates. However, relatively few attempts have been made to translocate invertebrates despite their potential benefits for food webs, and despite the practicality of undertaking such translocations in small areas including urban environments where space is limited.
We conducted 36 translocations of 1851 individuals of the generalist flightless grasshopper Vandiemenella viatica across urban Melbourne, where 93% of its original habitat has been lost.
We aimed to understand characteristics essential for grasshopper persistence and to investigate detection, occupancy, dispersal and habitat suitability throughout its active period to improve insect translocation success in urban settings using revegetated sites and small remnant habitats. We also measured movement and detection probability after one week in short‐term trials.
The one‐week trial indicated that grasshopper sex and colour morph did not influence the probability of detection, and there was no evidence of directional movement by females and males.
One year after translocation, V. viatica were found in 28 out of 36 translocation sites. These surveys showed that detection probability changed across survey seasons and was influenced by soil temperature. Also, soil temperature positively affected detection in the winter surveys. Occupancy probability was influenced by graminoid cover, plant species richness and weed cover. We found no evidence of directional movement by females and males in the F1 generation. Abundance and presence/absence data were best explained by graminoid cover and plant species richness.
Our findings suggest that wingless grasshopper translocations are feasible in small urban patches of suitable habitat, helping to restore invertebrate biodiversity and ecological services.
Population control, technology, and economic growth
Authors: Chen Xianjuan , Zhou Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of China's population control policy on its economic transitions and long‐run equilibrium theoretically and quantitatively. The model‐predicted technological progress is assumed to be driven by population size and education level. With population control, the total number of children decreases; however, the average education level increases. Since the overall effect on technological progress is ambiguous, we performed a quantitative analysis of the model. The results demonstrate that population, technological progress, and income per capita move in endogenous cycles. The impact of China's population control policy depends on the timing of its implementation.
Review of paediatric obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—A focus on emerging non‐pharmacologic treatment strategies
Authors: Piester Travis L. , Jagtap Nitin , Kalapala Rakesh 
Published: August 2023

SummaryObesity in paediatrics has become one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide. Paediatric obesity leads to increased adult obesity and is associated with several comorbidities, both physical and psychological. Within gastroenterology, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of paediatric liver disease and the most common cause of liver transplantation in young adults. Treatment for NAFLD largely focuses on treatment of obesity with weight loss strategies. Unfortunately, the traditional method of weight loss using multicomponent lifestyle modification (dietary changes, increased exercise and behavioural modification) has often led to disappointing results. In adult patients with obesity, treatment strategies have evolved to include bariatric surgery and, more recently, bariatric endoscopy. In paediatrics, the obesity and NAFLD epidemics will likely require this variety of treatment to address children in a personalized manner. Here, we present a review of paediatric obesity, paediatric NAFLD and the various treatment strategies to date. We focus on non‐pharmacologic and emerging therapies, including bariatric surgery and bariatric endoscopy‐based treatments. With such a large population of children and adolescents with obesity, further development of these treatments, including paediatric‐focused clinical trials, is essential for these emerging modalities.