bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT and MRI in the Preoperative Planning of Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube: Literature Review
Authors: Borshchenko Maria , Eremeeva Kseniya , Svistushkin Valery 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBalloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube (BET) is a surgical treatment method for Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), which relieves the symptoms in the majority of cases. However, there are potential intraoperative risks associated with BET; the decision-making process with regard to indications for BET is not standardized up to date. The objective of this study was to review the role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative planning of BET. The literature review is based on a database search performed in August 2022.BET is classified into transtympanic and nasopharyngeal. CT of the temporal bone provides good visualization of the site of obstruction, which allows to choose the adequate approach. Transtympanic approach is associated with risks of internal carotid artery damage due to possible carotid canal anomalies. This risk can be prevented with preoperative CT scan of the temporal bone. In case of nasopharyngeal BET, there is no sufficient data considering risks of possible artery damage, although CT can provide accurate measurements of ET. MRI is useful for differential diagnosis of conditions imitating ETD, such as endolymphatic hydrops and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Thus, it is feasible to perform CT and MRI before BET to personalize the management of ETD patients.
Evaluating Earplug Performance over a 2-Hour Work Period with a Fit-Test System
Authors: Gong Wei , Murphy William J. , Meinke Deanna K. , Feng Huiling Amy , Stephenson Mark R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWorkers rely on hearing protection devices to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss. This study aimed to evaluate changes in attenuation over time for properly fit devices when worn by workers exposed to hazardous noise. Earplug fit testing was accomplished on 30 workers at a brewery facility with three types of foam and three types of premolded earplugs. The personal attenuation ratings (PARs) were measured before and after a 2-hour work period while exposed to hazardous noise levels. The minimum acceptable initial PAR was 15 dB. Average decreases in PAR ranged from −0.7 to −2.6 dB across all six earplug types. Significant changes in PAR were observed for the Foam-1 (p = 0.009) and Premold-3 (p = 0.004) earplugs. A linear mixed regression model using HPD type and study year as fixed effects and subject as random effect was not significant for either fixed effect (α = 0.05). Ninety-five percent of the final PAR measurements maintained the target attenuation of 15 dB. Properly fitting earplugs can be effective at reducing worker's noise exposures over time. The potential for a decrease in attenuation during the work shift should be considered when training workers and establishing the adequacy of protection from hazardous noise exposures.
A motorized rotation mount for the switching of an optical beam path in under 20 ms using polarization control
Authors: Raghuram Adarsh P. , Mortlock Jonathan M. , Bromley Sarah L. , Cornish Simon L. 
Published: June 2023

We present a simple motorized rotation mount for a half-wave plate that can be used to rapidly change the polarization of light. We use the device to switch a high power laser beam between different optical dipole traps in an ultracold atom experiment. The device uses a stepper motor with a hollow shaft, which allows a beam to propagate along the axis of the motor shaft, minimizing inertia and mechanical complexity. A simple machined adapter is used to mount the wave plate. We characterize the performance of the device, focusing on its capability to switch a beam between the output ports of a polarizing beam splitter cube. We demonstrate a switching time of 15.9(3) ms, limited by the torque of the motor. The mount has a reaction time of 0.52(3) ms and a rotational resolution of 0.45(4)°. The rotation is highly reproducible, with the stepper motor not missing a step in 2000 repeated tests over 11 h.
Surface plasmonic coupling of Au nanoparticle arrays with ultrathin hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for Raman enhancement
Authors: Gao Jinling , Zhan Wei , Xiao Yuhan , Zhu Xingrui , Gao Wei , Yin Hong 
Published: June 2023

Integration of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with plasmonic nanostructures that possess nanoscale field confinement will enable unusual properties; hence, the manipulation and understanding of the light interactions are highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the surface plasmonic coupling of Au nanoparticles (ANPs) with ultrathin h-BN nanosheets (BNNS) in nonspecific nanocomposites leading to a great enhancement of the Raman signal of E2g in both experimental and theoretical manner. The nanocomposites were fabricated from liquid-exfoliated atomically thin BNNS and diblock copolymer-based ANPs with excellent dispersion through a self-assembly approach. By precisely varying the size of ANPs from 3 to 9 nm, the Raman signal of BNNS was improved from 1.7 to 71. In addition, the underlying mechanism has been explored from the aspects of electromagnetic field coupling strength between the localized surface plasmons excited from ANPs and the surrounding dielectric h-BN layers, as well as the charge transfer at the BNNS/ANPs interfaces. Moreover, we also demonstrate its capability to detect dye molecules as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. This work provides a basis for the self-assembly of BNNS hierarchical nanocomposites allowing for plasmon-mediated modulation of their optoelectronic properties, thereby showing the great potential not only in the field of SERS but also in large-scale h-BN-based plasmonic devices.
Resonant dynamics of three-dimensional skyrmionic textures in thin film multilayers
Authors: Srivastava Titiksha , Sassi Yanis , Ajejas Fernando , Vecchiola Aymeric , Ngouagnia Yemeli Igor , Hurdequint Hervé , Bouzehouane Karim , Reyren Nicolas , Cros Vincent , Devolder Thibaut , Kim Joo-Von , de Loubens Grégoire 
Published: June 2023

Skyrmions are topological magnetic solitons that exhibit a rich variety of dynamics, such as breathing and gyration, which can involve collective behavior in arrangements like skyrmion lattices. However, such localized excitations typically lie in the gap of the spin wave spectrum and do not couple to propagating modes. By combining magnetic force microscopy, broadband ferromagnetic resonance, and micromagnetics simulations, we show that in thin-film multilayers of [Pt/FeCoB/AlOx]20 a high-frequency (&gt;12 GHz) mode accompanies the skyrmion lattice phase, which involves the coherent precession of the skyrmion cores that results in the generation of 50–80 nm wavelength spin waves flowing into the uniformly magnetized background. This observation is made possible by a Gilbert damping constant of ∼0.02, which is nearly an order of magnitude lower than in similar ultrathin materials. The simulations also reveal a complex three-dimensional spin structure of the skyrmion cores, which plays a key role for spin wave generation.
Beyond independent error assumptions in large GNN atomistic models
Authors: Ock Janghoon , Tian Tian , Kitchin John , Ulissi Zachary 
Published: June 2023

The calculation of relative energy difference has significant practical applications, such as determining adsorption energy, screening for optimal catalysts with volcano plots, and calculating reaction energies. Although Density Functional Theory (DFT) is effective in calculating relative energies through systematic error cancellation, the accuracy of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in this regard remains uncertain. To address this, we analyzed ∼483 × 106 pairs of energy differences predicted by DFT and GNNs using the Open Catalyst 2020-Dense dataset. Our analysis revealed that GNNs exhibit a correlated error that can be reduced through subtraction, challenging the assumption of independent errors in GNN predictions and leading to more precise energy difference predictions. To assess the magnitude of error cancellation in chemically similar pairs, we introduced a new metric, the subgroup error cancellation ratio. Our findings suggest that state-of-the-art GNN models can achieve error reduction of up to 77% in these subgroups, which is comparable to the error cancellation observed with DFT. This significant error cancellation allows GNNs to achieve higher accuracy than individual energy predictions and distinguish subtle energy differences. We propose the marginal correct sign ratio as a metric to evaluate this performance. Additionally, our results show that the similarity in local embeddings is related to the magnitude of error cancellation, indicating the need for a proper training method that can augment the embedding similarity for chemically similar adsorbate–catalyst systems.
Red light-induced inhibition of maize (Zea mays) mesocotyl elongation: evaluation of apoplastic metabolites
Authors: Sharova Elena , Bilova Tatiana , Tsvetkova Elena , Smolikova Galina , Frolov Andrej , Medvedev Sergei 
Published: June 2023

Light is a crucial factor affecting plant growth and development. Besides providing the energy for photosynthesis, light serves as a sensory cue to control the adaptation of plants to environmental changes. We used the etiolated maize (Zea mays) seedlings as a model system to study the red light-regulated growth. Exposure of the maize seedlings to red light resulted in growth inhibition of mesocotyls. We demonstrate for the first time (to the best our knowledge) that red light affected the patterns of apoplastic fluid (AF) metabolites extracted from the mesocotyl segments. By means of the untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach, we identified 44 metabolites in the AF of maize mesocotyls and characterised the dynamics of their relative tissue abundances. The characteristic metabolite patterns of mesocotyls dominated with mono- and disaccharides, organic acids, amino acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Upon red light irradiation, the contents of β-alanine, putrescine and trans-aconitate significantly increased (P-value < 0.05). In contrast, there was a significant decrease in the total ascorbate content in the AF of maize mesocotyls. The regulatory role of apoplastic metabolites in the red light-induced inhibition of maize mesocotyl elongation is discussed.
Gay, bisexual, and queer men’s confidence in the Undetectable equals Untransmittable HIV prevention message: longitudinal qualitative analysis of the sexual decision-making of pre-exposure prophylaxis users over time
Authors: Grace Daniel , Daroya Emerich , Gaspar Mark , Wells Alex , Hull Mark , Lachowsky Nathan , Tan Darrell H. S. 
Published: June 2023

Background Our objective was to understand what gay, bisexual, and queer men (GBQM) who had experience using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) thought about the ‘Undetectable equals Untransmittable’ (U=U) message and how it informed their sexual decision-making over time. Methods We conducted annual longitudinal qualitative interviews (2020–22) with 17 current or former PrEP users as part of a mixed-methods implementation science study examining barriers and facilitators to PrEP awareness, access, and adherence. Over 3 years, 47 interviews were conducted with GBQM in Ontario, Canada. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in NVivo following reflexive thematic analysis. Results Participants’ sexual health decision-making was informed by their confidence in biomedical HIV prevention and the person taking medication (i.e. themselves using PrEP versus a real/imagined person living with HIV (PLHIV)). Longitudinal narratives of U=U clustered around four overarching themes: (1) U=U confidence (i.e. increasing trust in U=U irrespective of their PrEP use); (2) PrEP confidence (i.e. accounts of self-reliance and PrEP as sufficient HIV protection); (3) combination confidence (i.e. trusting U=U and PrEP as a package); and (4) partner confidence (i.e. potential ‘distrust’ of U=U due to uncertainties about partners’ medication adherence). Overall, men described increased sex with PLHIV over time, including some participants who, during earlier interviews, said they would ‘never be comfortable’ with serodifferent sexual partners. Conclusions GBQM’s use of PrEP shaped how they thought about U=U and sex with PLHIV. Although many GBQM embraced treatment as prevention/U=U as significant to their sexual lives, longitudinal analysis revealed its varied and uneven adoption across participants and time.
Design and analysis of actively tunable absorbers combined with diodes and magnetic material
Authors: Lin Weijiong , Leng Shaoyong , Zhang Junming , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A periodic structure absorber combined with diodes and magnetic material is proposed in this paper. By changing the power supply voltage, the absorbing performance of the absorber can be changed to adapt to different electromagnetic environments. The influence of the diode resistance variation for the absorption property of the absorber is explored by the symmetry model and the equivalent circuit model, and the role of the diode is cleared in realizing the tunability of the absorber. The design of the branch structure circuit creates two absorbing peaks in the absorber, and due to the adding of the magnetic material, the structure proposed in this paper has the advantages of wider adjustable frequency and lower frequency absorption peaks. Experiments show that the absorption peak of the absorber changes from 4.3 GHz to 8.8 GHz when the bias voltage is changed from 0 to 9 V and the reflectivity envelope covers a broadband of 4–4.6 GHz and 6–9.3 GHz below −10 dB.
Unsteady ternary hybrid-nanofluid flow over an expanding/shrinking cylinder with multiple slips: a Yamada–Ota model implementation
Authors: Shaheen Naila , Ramzan Muhammad , Kadry Seifedine , Abbas Mohamed , Saleel C Ahamed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The primary objective of this investigation is to examine the thermal state of an unsteady ternary hybrid-nanofluid flow over an expanding/shrinking cylinder. The influence of radiation along with a non-uniform thermal source/sink is taken into account to expedite heat distribution. Multiple slips are considered at the cylinder interface. The mathematical model is simplified by incorporating appropriate transformations. A numerical solution is obtained using the bvp4c algorithm. The flow characteristics and behavior of the trihybrid nanoliquid exhibit significant changes when the cylinder expands or contracts. The effects of various emerging parameters are analyzed using graphical representations. The velocity field shows an opposite trend when the unsteadiness and mass transfer parameters are increased. The thermal field improves with higher values of the non-uniform source/sink parameter but deteriorates with an increase in the thermal slip parameter. The drag force increases with higher values of the unsteadiness parameter, while it decreases with amplified values of the mass suction and velocity slip parameters. A strong correlation is observed with previous studies which validates and strengthens the credibility of the present analysis.
Aptamer-modified atomically precise gold nanoclusters as targeted nanozymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species in white adipocytes
Authors: Ding Jialuo , Du Yanhui , Hu Xinying , Zhao Mengyuan , Li Yeying , Li Le , Su Yu , Lin Zhenkun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the dysfunction of white adipocytes and white fat, and also promotes triglyceride storage by inhibiting the respiration of adipocytes directly. Nanozymes, as a new generation of artificial enzymes, have exhibited attractive potential in scavenging ROS and treatment of ROS-related diseases. Herein, aptamer-modified atomically precise gold Au25 nanoclusters (Apt-Au25 NCs), are employed as targeted nanozymes to scavenge ROS in white adipocytes. Our results show that Apt-Au25 NCs have high targeting capability toward white adipocytes with low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Apt-Au25 NCs show high superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and catalase (CAT)-like activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and also good thermal and pH stability compared with natural SOD and CAT. Finally, the efficiency of ROS scavenging by Apt-Au25 NCs in white adipocytes is evaluated. This work demonstrates that Apt-Au25 NCs, as targeted nanozymes, are efficient in scavenging ROS in white adipocytes, exhibiting promising potential for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
Surface deformation studies of TiO2 thin films by double exposure laser holographic interferometry
Authors: Arul A R , Ramalingam H B , Balamurugan R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Double exposure laser holographic interferometry is implemented to investigate the surface deformation of an stainless steel (SS) 304 substrate during the deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on it. The TiO2 thin film is synthesized by the potentiostatic mode in the electrodeposition process. The in-situ analysis of the stress on the substrate and the thickness of the deposition is evaluated by non-destructive holographic interferometry. The holography interference fringes are computed and show that the TiO2 film thickness increases with an escalation in deposition time, but the stress on the substrate decreases.
Triple-channel reflective splitter in terahertz band by second-order Littrow illumination
Authors: Liu Liqun , Wang Bo , Xiong Zhichao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a triple-channel reflective beam splitter in terahertz band with connecting layer under second Bragg incidence is presented. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis is applied to optimize the profile of the grating at 2.52 THz. The optimal parameters of the grating are also verified by using the finite element method to ensure the accuracy of the data. The impact of the incident angle, incident wavelength, duty cycle, and period is analyzed in detail. For the optimized grating working in terahertz band, results for diffraction efficiencies approaching over 30% for transverse-electric polarization in three propagating orders and for transverse-magnetic polarization in the -1st order and -2nd order are derived. Obtaining stable and superior performances, the proposed three-port beam splitter working in the terahertz band is novel and could be an inspiration to design new gratings.
Erratum: Virtual double-well potential for an underdamped oscillator created by a feedback loop (2022 J. Stat. Mech.
053209)
Authors: Dago Salambô , Pereda Jorge , Ciliberto Sergio , Bellon Ludovic 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this note, we correct the expression of the switching rate

of the potential barrier

for a system at temperature T expressed in equation (8) and derived in appendix B. We also update below all the equations using the switching rate expression. The error is nevertheless small enough to not change any of the other results or conclusions of the paper. The error came from the assumption that the total energy in the double well potential E was simply distributed according to the Boltzmann probability distribution

P
(
E
)
=

1

k
B

T

exp
−
E
/
(

k
B

T
)

, which would be valid only in an harmonic potential. Indeed, in the double well potential, the motion period

depends on the system energy. Therefore the probability distribution of the energy P(E) is obtained by integrating the Boltzmann canonical distribution on the time range

(time range required to explore the full phase space). Contrary to the harmonic case where

is constant, here the energy dependence modifies the expression of P(E).
Comparative Analysis of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Changes in the East China Sea Based on FNL and ERA5 Data
Authors: Chang Shujie , Zhang Yisan , Li Yongchi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study compiled the NCEP FNL and ERA5 data from 2010 to 2019 to study the characteristics of the height changes of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in the East China Sea and selected coastal (region A), offshore (region B), and Kuroshio areas (region C) for comparative analysis. The results show that, in general, the MABL heights of both datasets show a decreasing trend year by year, and the FNL decreasing trend is more significant. The two datasets show the largest difference in the eastern regions, while they are more consistent in the Taiwan Strait, suggesting substantial regional variations. The FNL decreasing trend is more significant than the ERA5 decreasing trend in regions A, B and C from 2014 to 2017. The root mean square (RMS) of the difference between FNL and ERA5 MABL is the largest in winter, followed by summer, showing significant seasonal variations. Regional MABL variations in the ERA5 dataset were more pronounced in summer and the areas with greater regional variations coincided with the areas with mean absolute differences and the RMS large value area of the MABL variation. Both datasets show region A had the largest differences in fall while regions B and C had the largest differences in winter. In terms of daily variation, both MABL reached their highest at 14:00, with the largest differences at 14:00 in regions A and C and at 20:00 and 02:00 in region B. Region A had the largest daily variations as reflected by its largest mean absolute difference and RMS of the 14:00 MABL differences. The effect of seasonal and daily variations in different regions must be considered to study the variation of MABL height in the East China Sea.
The Boundary Layer Characteristics and Development Mechanism of a Warm Advective Fog Event over the Yellow Sea
Authors: Liu Shuo , Tian Li , Lu Zhongyan , Sai Han , Liu Chenghan , Li Ping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A large-scale persistent fog event occurred over the Yellow Sea of China from April 27 to May 4, 2015. In this study, we used satellite remote sensing data, ground meteorological observed data, global sounding data, and reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and sea surface temperature (SST) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to analyze the evolutionary characteristics, the boundary-layer marine meteorological characteristics, and the development mechanism of the sea fog event. The results show that the sea fog event was a warm advective fog process. The Yellow Sea was at the rear of the warm high and the front of the continental low (circulation situation with high in the east and low in the west). The southerly and southeasterly winds transported warm and moist air from the Northwest Pacific northward to the Yellow Sea which served as the water vapor source. A thermal turbulence interface was formed during the sea fog development. The weak vertical wind shear below the interface was conducive to the maintenance and development of sea fog in the area of the temperature inversion in the boundary layer and the formation of a certain thickness of sea fog. The sea fog occurred in the area with water vapor convergence, where the 2-m dew point was slightly higher than the SST. The area with a relative humidity greater than 90% and an air–sea temperature difference from 0 to 2 °C overlapped with the sea fog area, and these two values indicate the extent of the sea fog.