bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord injury and prescribed opioids for pain: a scoping review
Authors: Shoup Jo Ann , Welter JoEllen , Binswanger Ingrid A , Hess Florian , Dullenkopf Alexander , Coker Jennifer , Berliner Jeffrey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering neurological condition affecting physical and psycho-social functioning and associated high rates of pain. Thus, individuals with SCI may be more likely to be exposed to prescription opioids. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize published research findings on post-acute SCI and prescription opioid use for pain, identify literature gaps, and propose recommendations for future research.

Methods
We searched 6 electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Ovid [MEDLINE], EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychNET) for articles published from 2014 through 2021. Terms for “spinal cord injury” and “prescription opioid use” were used. Included articles were in English and peer reviewed. Data were extracted using an electronic database by 2 independent reviewers. Opioid use risk factors for chronic SCI were identified and a gap analysis was performed.

Results
Of the 16 articles included in the scoping review, a majority were conducted in the United States (n = 9). Most articles lacked information on income (87.5%), ethnicity (87.5%), and race (75%). Prescription opioid use ranged from 35% to 64% in articles reporting this information (n = 7 articles, n = 3675 participants). Identified risk factors for opioid use included middle age, lower income, osteoarthritis diagnosis, prior opioid use, and lower-level spinal injury. Limited reporting of diversity in study populations, absence of risk of polypharmacy, and limited high quality methodology were identified gaps.

Conclusions
Future research should report data on prescription opioid use in SCI populations, with additional demographics such as race, ethnicity, and income, given their importance to risk outcomes.
Low-dose naltrexone’s utility for non-cancer centralized pain conditions: a scoping review
Authors: Rupp Adam , Young Erin , Chadwick Andrea L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
At low doses, naltrexone (LDN) has been shown to modulate inflammation through the interruption of microglial cell activation within the central nervous system. One of the most likely contributors to centralized pain is changes in microglial cell processing. Therefore, it has been postulated that LDN can be used to manage patients with pain resulting from central sensitization due to this relationship. This scoping review aims to synthesize the relevant study data for LDN as a novel treatment strategy for various centralized pain conditions.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, guided by the Scale for Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) criteria.

Results
Forty-seven studies related to centralized pain conditions were identified. Many of the studies were case reports/series and narrative reviews, but a few randomized control trials have been conducted. Overall, the body of evidence revealed improvement in patient-reported pain severity and in outcomes related to hyperalgesia, physical function, quality of life, and sleep. Variability in dosing paradigms and the time to patient response was present in the reviewed studies.

Conclusions
Evidence synthesized for this scoping review supports the ongoing use of LDN for the treatment of refractory pain in various centralized chronic pain conditions. Upon review of the currently available published studies, it is apparent that further high-quality, well-powered randomized control trials need to be conducted to establish efficacy, standardization for dosing, and response times. In summary, LDN continues to offer promising results in the management of pain and other distressing symptoms in patients with chronic centralized pain conditions.
Nociceptive flexion reflex in small fibers neuropathy and pain assessments
Authors: Ser Merve Hazal , Yılmaz Basak , Sulu Cem , Gönen Mustafa Sait , Gunduz Aysegul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal reflex that develops in response to a noxious stimulus and is characterized by the withdrawal of the affected body part. The NFR possesses two excitatory components: early RII and late RIII. Late RIII is derived from high-threshold cutaneous afferent A-delta fibers, which are prone to injury early in the course of diabetes mellitus (DM) and may lead to neuropathic pain. We investigated NFR in patients with DM with different types of polyneuropathies to analyze the role of NFR in small fiber neuropathy (SFN).

Methods
We included 37 patients with DM and 20 healthy participants of similar age and sex. We performed the Composite Autonomic Neuropathy Scale-31, modified Toronto Neuropathy Scale, and routine nerve conduction studies. We grouped the patients into large fiber neuropathy (LFN), SFN, and no overt neurological symptom/sign groups. In all participants, NFR was recorded on anterior tibial (AT) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after train stimuli on the sole of the foot, and NFR-RIII findings were compared.

Results
We identified 11 patients with LFN, 15 with SFN, and 11 with no overt neurological symptoms or signs. The RIII response on the AT was absent in 22 (60%) patients with DM and 8 (40%) healthy participants. The RIII response on the BF was absent in 31 (73.8%) patients and 7 (35%) healthy participants (P = .001). In DM, the latency of RIII was prolonged, and the magnitude was reduced. Abnormal findings were seen in all subgroups; however, they were more prominent in patients with LFN compared to other groups.

Conclusions
The NFR-RIII was abnormal in patients with DM even before the emergence of the neuropathic symptoms. The pattern of involvement before neuropathic symptoms was possibly related to an earlier loss of A-delta fibers.
Conditions for the stable adsorption of lipid monolayers to solid surfaces
Authors: Šako Marin , Staniscia Fabio , Schneck Emanuel , Netz Roland R , Kanduč Matej 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lipid monolayers are ubiquitous in biological systems and have multiple roles in biotechnological applications, such as lipid coatings that enhance colloidal stability or prevent surface fouling. Despite the great technological importance of surface-adsorbed lipid monolayers, the connection between their formation and the chemical characteristics of the underlying surfaces has remained poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the conditions required for stable lipid monolayers nonspecifically adsorbed on solid surfaces in aqueous solutions and water/alcohol mixtures. We use a framework that combines the general thermodynamic principles of monolayer adsorption with fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, very universally, the chief descriptor of adsorption free energy is the wetting contact angle of the solvent on the surface. It turns out that monolayers can form and remain thermodynamically stable only on substrates with contact angles above the adsorption contact angle, θads. Our analysis establishes that θads falls into a narrow range of around 60∘–70∘ in aqueous media and is only weakly dependent on the surface chemistry. Moreover, to a good approximation, θads is roughly determined by the ratio between the surface tensions of hydrocarbons and the solvent. Adding small amounts of alcohol to the aqueous medium lowers θads and thereby facilitates monolayer formation on hydrophilic solid surfaces. At the same time, alcohol addition weakens the adsorption strength on hydrophobic surfaces and results in a slowdown of the adsorption kinetics, which can be useful for the preparation of defect-free monolayers.
Online reading habits can reveal personality traits: towards detecting psychological microtargeting
Authors: Simchon Almog , Sutton Adam , Edwards Matthew , Lewandowsky Stephan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Building on big data from Reddit, we generated two computational text models: (i) Predicting the personality of users from the text they have written and (ii) predicting the personality of users based on the text they have consumed. The second model is novel and without precedent in the literature. We recruited active Reddit users (N=1,105) of fiction-writing communities. The participants completed a Big Five personality questionnaire and consented for their Reddit activity to be scraped and used to create a machine learning model. We trained an natural language processing model [Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)], predicting personality from produced text (average performance: r=0.33). We then applied this model to a new set of Reddit users (N=10,050), predicted their personality based on their produced text, and trained a second BERT model to predict their predicted-personality scores based on consumed text (average performance: r=0.13). By doing so, we provide the first glimpse into the linguistic markers of personality-congruent consumed content.
Enhancing global preparedness during an ongoing pandemic from partial and noisy data
Authors: Klamser Pascal P , d’Andrea Valeria , Di Lauro Francesco , Zachariae Adrian , Bontorin Sebastiano , Di Nardo Antonello , Hall Matthew , Maier Benjamin F , Ferretti Luca , Brockmann Dirk , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 spread globally, emerging variants such as B.1.1.529 quickly became dominant worldwide. Sustained community transmission favors the proliferation of mutated sub-lineages with pandemic potential, due to cross-national mobility flows, which are responsible for consecutive cases surge worldwide. We show that, in the early stages of an emerging variant, integrating data from national genomic surveillance and global human mobility with large-scale epidemic modeling allows to quantify its pandemic potential, providing quantifiable indicators for pro-active policy interventions. We validate our framework on worldwide spreading variants and gain insights about the pandemic potential of BA.5, BA.2.75, and other sub- and lineages. We combine the different sources of information in a simple estimate of the pandemic delay and show that only in combination, the pandemic potentials of the lineages are correctly assessed relative to each other. Compared to a country-level epidemic intelligence, our scalable integrated approach, that is pandemic intelligence, permits to enhance global preparedness to contrast the pandemic of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluating Pre-election Polling Estimates Using a New Measure of Non-ignorable Selection Bias
Authors: West Brady T , Andridge Rebecca R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Among the numerous explanations that have been offered for recent errors in pre-election polls, selection bias due to non-ignorable partisan nonresponse bias, where the probability of responding to a poll is a function of the candidate preference that a poll is attempting to measure (even after conditioning on other relevant covariates used for weighting adjustments), has received relatively less focus in the academic literature. Under this type of selection mechanism, estimates of candidate preferences based on individual or aggregated polls may be subject to significant bias, even after standard weighting adjustments. Until recently, methods for measuring and adjusting for this type of non-ignorable selection bias have been unavailable. Fortunately, recent developments in the methodological literature have provided political researchers with easy-to-use measures of non-ignorable selection bias. In this study, we apply a new measure that has been developed specifically for estimated proportions to this challenging problem. We analyze data from 18 different pre-election polls: 9 different telephone polls conducted in 8 different states prior to the US presidential election in 2020, and nine different pre-election polls conducted either online or via telephone in Great Britain prior to the 2015 general election. We rigorously evaluate the ability of this new measure to detect and adjust for selection bias in estimates of the proportion of likely voters that will vote for a specific candidate, using official outcomes from each election as benchmarks and alternative data sources for estimating key characteristics of the likely voter populations in each context.
Impact of body mass index on disease progression and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Biswas Sagnik , Vaishnav Manas , Farooqui Naba , Aggarwal Arnav , Pathak Piyush , Yadav Rajni , Das Prasenjit , Elhence Anshuman , Goel Amit , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Shalimar  
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well defined. This study aimed to assess the presentations, outcomes, and development of liver-related events (LREs) and non-LREs in patients with NAFLD stratified by BMI.

Methods
Records of NAFLD patients from 2000–2022 were reviewed. Patients were categorized as lean (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2), and obese (&gt;25 kg/m2) based on BMI. Stage of steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score were noted in the patients undergoing liver biopsy in each group.

Results
Out of 1051 NAFLD patients, 127 (12.1%) had normal BMI, 177 (16.8%) and 747 (71.1%) were overweight and obese, respectively. Median [interquartile range] BMI was 21.9 [20.6–22.5], 24.2 [23.7–24.6], and 28.3 [26.6–30.6] kg/m2 in each group, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the obese. Obese patients had significantly higher median [interquartile range] liver stiffness (6.4 [4.9–9.4] kPa) than overweight and lean subjects. A higher proportion of obese patients had significant and advanced liver fibrosis. At follow-up, there were no significant differences in the progression of liver disease, new LREs, coronary artery disease, or hypertension across the BMI groups. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop new-onset diabetes by follow-up. The mortality rates in the three groups were comparable (0.47, 0.68, and 0.49 per 100 person-years, respectively), with similar causes of death (liver-related vs non-liver-related).

Conclusions
Patients with lean NAFLD have similar disease severity and rates of progression as the obese. BMI is not a reliable determinant of outcomes in NAFLD patients.

Key messages

What is already known on this topic

What this study adds

How this study might affect research, practice, or policy
Comparing of COVID-19 response framework in the UK, USA and Indonesia: what can we learn from the psychosocial factors?
Authors: Pribadi Hendra , Atmoko Adi , Hitipeuw Imanuel , Indreswari Henny 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is possible to identify sociodemographic and psychological factors for preventing strategies COVID-19. Research on the impact of COVID-19 predominantly focuses on clinical and demographic factors, but ignores psychosocial factors. Psychosocial factors was shaped by the pandemic response include public perceptions and attitudes to the crisis, support, effective government communication and the socioeconomic impact experienced. Understanding psychosocial factors is critical for effective planning for mental health services, communications and coping with the psychological impact of the pandemic. Therefore, this study recommends considering psychosocial factors to design effective prevention strategies from the UK, USA and Indonesian response frameworks and facilitate efficient management of the pandemic.
Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is associated with normalization of nocturnal heart rate perturbations in patients with central sleep apnea
Authors: Baumert Mathias , Linz Dominik , McKane Scott , Immanuel Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
To determine the effect of transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS) on nocturnal heart rate perturbations in patients with CSA.

Methods
In this ancillary study of the remedē System Pivotal Trial, we analyzed electrocardiograms from baseline and follow-up overnight polysomnograms (PSG) in 48 CSA patients in sinus rhythm with implanted TPNS randomized to stimulation (treatment group; TPNS on) or no stimulation (control group; TPNS off). We quantified heart rate variability in the time and frequency domain. Mean change from baseline and standard error is provided.

Results
TPNS titrated to reduce respiratory events is associated with reduced cyclical heart rate variations in the very low-frequency domain across REM (VLFI: 4.12 ± 0.79% vs. 6.87 ± 0.82%, p = 0.02) and NREM sleep (VLFI: 5.05 ± 0.68% vs. 6.74 ± 0.70%, p = 0.08) compared to the control group. Further, low-frequency oscillations were reduced in the treatment arm in REM (LFn: 0.67 ± 0.03 n.u. vs. 0.77 ± 0.03 n.u., p = 0.02) and NREM sleep (LFn: 0.70 ± 0.02 n.u. vs. 0.76 ± 0.02 n.u., p = 0.03).

Conclusion
In adult patients with moderate to severe central sleep apnea, transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation reduces respiratory events and is associated with the normalization of nocturnal heart rate perturbations. Long-term follow-up studies could establish whether the reduction in heart rate perturbation by TPNS also translates into cardiovascular mortality reduction.

Clinical Trial
A Randomized Trial Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of the remedē® System in Patients With Central Sleep Apnea, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01816776
A Pilot Phase I Trial of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Cotten Charles Michael , Fisher Kimberley , Malcolm William , Gustafson Kathryn E , Cheatham Lynn , Marion Amanda , Greenberg Rachel , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates causes increased mortality and long-term morbidity in surviving babies. Hypothermia (HT) has improved outcomes, however, mortality remains high with ~half of surviving babies developing neurological impairment in their first years. We previously explored the use of autologous cord blood (CB) to determine if CB cells could lessen long-term damage to the brain. However, the feasibility of CB collection from sick neonates limited the utility of this approach. Allogeneic cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (hCT-MSC), cryopreserved and readily available, have been shown to ameliorate brain injury in animal models of HIE. We, therefore, conducted a pilot, phase I, clinical trial to test the safety and describe the preliminary efficacy of hCT-MSC in neonates with HIE.
The study treated infants with moderate to severe HIE, treated with HT, with 1 or 2 doses of 2 million cells/kg/dose of hCT-MSC given intravenously. The babies were randomized to receive 1 or 2 doses with the first dose during HT and the second dose 2 months later. Babies were followed for survival and development with scoring of Bayley’s at 12 postnatal months.
Six neonates with moderate (4) or severe (2) HIE were enrolled. All received 1 dose of hCT-MSC during HT and 2 received a 2nd dose, 2 months later. hCT-MSC infusions were well tolerated although 5/6 babies developed low titer anti-HLA antibodies by 1 year of age. All babies survived, with average to low-average developmental assessment standard scores for ages between 12 and 17 postnatal months. Further study is warranted.
Astragaloside IV protects LO2 cells from oxidative damage caused by radiation-induced bystander effect through Akt/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Wan Danting , Zhu Zihao , Zhou Jie , Deng Zhengzheng , Lei Pengyuan , Liu Qi , Sun Xiaoya , Huang Bo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The protective effects of astragaloside IV (ASIV) on various diseases are well known, but its potential impact on radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has remained unclear.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of ASIV against oxidative damage caused by RIBE in LO2 cells.

Methods
To construct the RIBE model, the conditioned medium from HepG2 cells irradiated with radiation was transferred to nonirradiated LO2 cells. LY294002, a commonly used phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway inhibitor, was added to LO2 cells 1 h before exposing HepG2 cells to radiation. LO2 cells were then collected for analyses after RIBE exposure.

Results
The study found that ASIV significantly improved cell proliferation and promoted the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential while reducing the rate of apoptosis. Western blot analyses demonstrated that ASIV upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 and downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2-related X protein and cleaved-caspase 3. Measurement of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels showed that ASIV effectively restored the oxidative stress state induced by RIBE. Additionally, immunofluorescence and western blots analyses confirmed that ASIV enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and activated downstream nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinine oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase 1. Importantly, Akt pathway inhibitor repressed ASIV-induced activation of Nrf2 and its protective effect against RIBE.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that ASIV protects LO2 cells against oxidative damage caused by RIBE through activation of the Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
AS160 expression, but not AS160 Serine‐588, Threonine‐642, and Serine‐704 phosphorylation, is essential for elevated insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle from female rats after acute exercise
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zheng Amy , Arias Edward B. , Kwak Seong Eun , Pan Xiufang , Duan Dongsheng , Cartee Gregory D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne exercise session can increase subsequent insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle in both sexes. We recently found that muscle expression and phosphorylation of key sites of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; also called TBC1D4) are essential for the full‐exercise effect on postexercise‐ISGU (PEX‐ISGU) in male rats. In striking contrast, AS160's role in increased PEX‐ISGU has not been rigorously tested in females. Our rationale was to address this major knowledge gap. Wild‐type (WT) and AS160‐knockout (KO) rats were either sedentary or acutely exercised. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors were engineered to express either WT‐AS160 or AS160 mutated on key serine and threonine residues (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) to alanine to prevent their phosphorylation. AAV vectors were delivered to the muscle of AS160‐KO rats to determine if WT‐AS160 or phosphorylation‐inactivated AS160 would influence PEX‐ISGU. AS160‐KO rats have lower skeletal muscle abundance of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein. This GLUT4 deficit was rescued using AAV delivery of GLUT4 to determine if eliminating muscle GLUT4 deficiency would normalize PEX‐ISGU. The novel results were as follows: (1) AS160 expression was required for greater PEX‐ISGU; (2) rescuing muscle AS160 expression in AS160‐KO rats restored elevated PEX‐ISGU; (3) AS160's essential role for the postexercise increase in ISGU was not attributable to reduced muscle GLUT4 content; and (4) AS160 phosphorylation on Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704 was not essential for greater PEX‐ISGU. In conclusion, these novel findings revealed that three phosphosites widely proposed to influence PEX‐ISGU are not required for this important outcome in female rats.