bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’entraînement partiel de l’éther et la relativité restreinte
Authors: Samueli Jean-Jacques , Moatti Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Cet article de 1907 de Max von Laue fait le pont entre l’ancienne théorie de l’éther de Fresnel (1818) et la cinématique relativiste (1905). Dans un milieu d’indice de réfraction n en mouvement, la formule relativiste de composition des vitesses (entre la vitesse de la lumière et la vitesse du milieu réfringent) équivaut, en première approximation, à la formule classique d’addition de ces mêmes vitesses, tenant compte du « coefficient d’entraînement de l’éther » de Fresnel. Le lien est ainsi fait par Laue avec les expériences (valides !) du XIXe s., comme celle de Fizeau, permettant de sortir de l’impasse épistémologique d’une théorie caduque (l’éther de Fresnel) donnant pourtant des résultats corrects.
Euler en défense de Maupertuis à propos du principe de moindre action
Authors: Samueli Jean-Jacques , Moatti Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Euler défend en 1753 la paternité de Maupertuis sur le principe de moindre action (énoncé par celui-ci en 1744), contre König qui prétend que c’est Leibniz qui l’a mentionné en premier dans une lettre de 1707 – Euler prétendant que cette lettre était apocryphe… Voltaire s’en mêle et raille Euler comme Maupertuis ! L’article d’Euler montre bien le type d’arguments que peuvent se livrer de tout temps des savants dans une querelle de paternité. Comme par exemple le sophisme prêté par Euler à König : « Le principe de Maupertuis est faux ; et d’ailleurs il est de Leibniz ». La lettre de Leibniz est considérée à présent comme authentique ; et Leibniz avait bien défini l’action et le principe de moindre action (au moins en optique). Il n’a pas développé mathématiquement cette intuition. Maupertuis non plus : mais il l’a énoncé dans sa plus grande généralité – dans une recherche d’universalité nouvelle en physique. Lagrange donnera quelques années plus tard, en 1760, une démonstration et une formalisation mathématique complètes de ce principe, qui se traduit en mécanique analytique par l’équation d’Euler-Lagrange. Ce principe variationnel (minimisation d’une intégrale) trouve son application dans de nombreux sujets de statique, de dynamique, d’optique ou d’électromagnétisme (courbe de la chaînette, courbe brachistochrone, trajet de réfraction de la lumière, mirages optiques, loi de Poisson en électrostatique, loi de Kirchhoff en électricité,…).
La saga des neutrinos
Authors: de La Souchère Marie-Christine 
Published: February 2023

Pauli pose de manière humoristique, dans cette lettre de décembre 1930, l’existence possible d’une particule neutre et très légère, qui sera… le neutrino. Il faut se rappeler qu’en 1930 le neutron lui-même, constituant du noyau, n’a pas été découvert (il le sera en 1932). Mais l’hypothèse de Pauli reste valable, elle est nécessaire pour expliquer le fait que dans la radioactivité bêta, le bilan énergétique semblait incomplet. Après la découverte du neutron, Fermi, qui avait embrayé sur l’idée de Pauli, baptise cette particule (pour l’instant) fantôme neutrino, de l’italien « petit neutron ». En 1956, au laboratoire Poltergeist (Savannah River, Caroline du Sud), une réaction nucléaire conçue par Cowan et Reines (prix Nobel de physique 1995) permet de détecter une production de 2 à 3 neutrinos par heure : l’hypothèse de Pauli était vérifiée. Cette « saga des neutrinos » nous conduit ensuite à leurs diverses manifestations. La radioactivité β− produisait des neutrinos électroniques, associés à l’électron. Les rayons cosmiques amenaient à l’existence d’une nouvelle variété de neutrinos, associés au muon, dits neutrinos muoniques. Le problème des neutrinos est bien leur caractère indétectable : leur absence d’interaction avec la matière rend leur capture malaisée. Le 23 février 1987, l’explosion observée de la supernova SN1987, dans le grand nuage de Magellan, permet de détecter 11 neutrinos en 13 secondes (débit totalement inhabituel) à l’observatoire japonais de Kamiokande, sur les 1058 émis en toutes directions par l’explosion stellaire. Il n’est pas impossible non plus qu’on puisse un jour détecter à 1,9K les neutrinos fossiles issus du Big Bang. Ce texte nous emmène, preuves et courbes de détection à l’appui, à la découverte des divers neutrinos, depuis l’hypothèse de 1930 et les premières vérifications de 1956 jusqu’à la supernova de 1987.
Pediatric Health Care Provider Awareness, Perceptions, and Utility of Sport Specialization Recommendations
Authors: Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Snedden Traci R. , Post Eric G. , Fetchen-DiCesaro Shelly , Mohrbacher Denise Ashley , Antoniak Katherine , Bell David Robert , Zaslow Tracy 
Published: February 2023

ContextSport specialization, or focused participation in a single sport, is associated with an increased rate of overuse injury and burnout. Medical associations and sport organizations have published recommendations for sport specialization aimed at reducing its negative consequences. Health care providers (HCPs) are often identified as individuals who can educate athletes and parents about these important recommendations.ObjectiveTo compare knowledge, perceptions, awareness, confidence in knowledge, and use of sport specialization recommendations among HCPs who work with pediatric athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAn online web-based survey was developed to assess HCPs’ knowledge, perceptions, awareness, confidence in knowledge, and clinical use of sport specialization recommendations.Patients or Other ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from the research survey services of 4 professional organizations.Main Outcome Measure(s)Dependent variables were responses for awareness, perceptions, confidence in knowledge, use, and barriers sections of the survey. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics; comparisons among HCPs were made through χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsThe survey was completed by 770 HCPs (completion rate = 95.1%). Respondents lacked awareness specific to recommendations surrounding the maximum number of sport participation months per year (39.5%), maximum hours per week (40.7%), and maximum number of teams on which youth athletes should participate concurrently (43.9%). Physicians were the most aware of medical organization recommendations generally (48%–68.8%) and confident in their knowledge (41.5%–75.1%). All HCPs were less aware and confident in their knowledge of sport organization recommendations, with no differences among HCPs. Physicians did not perceive many barriers to the use of the recommendations, whereas athletic trainers felt that patient (39.9%) and parent (45.3%) behaviors were the greatest barriers to usage.ConclusionsAwareness, perceptions, and use of sport specialization recommendations varied by discipline, but most respondents believed they were associated with a decreased risk of injury. Future researchers should focus on improved education and implementation of recommendations across all roles.
Baseline Evaluation of Concussion-Like Symptoms and Modifying Factors in Collegiate Club-Sport Athletes
Authors: Moran Ryan N. , Guin Russell , Louis Melanie , Rhodes Kali 
Published: February 2023

ContextCollegiate club-sport athletes participate in a variety of competitive sports and have been understudied in the concussion literature. Baseline performance measures are warranted to better understand assessment and management.ObjectiveTo quantify normative values and the effects of modifying factors sex, concussion history, diagnosed attention disabilities (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), and sport type on baseline symptom evaluation among collegiate club-sport athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRetrospective chart review.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 1034 collegiate club-sport athletes (N = 649 males, 62.7%) from 29 sports at a single institution.Main Outcome Measure(s)Chart reviews were conducted for club-sport athletes who completed athlete background and symptom information on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool—5th edition as a baseline concussion assessment during a single academic year. Demographics (eg, age, sex, sport), background medical information (eg, concussion history, ADHD), and symptom evaluation, consisting of individual 22-item symptom reports, the total number of symptoms, symptom severity scores, and symptom factors (eg, physical, cognitive, insomnia, and emotional), were analyzed.ResultsOn baseline symptom reporting, 68% of club-sport athletes were asymptomatic, with mild symptoms described by 3% to 12% and moderate or severe symptoms by ≤4%. Modifier groups differed with a higher total number of symptoms and symptom severity in females (P &lt; .001), individuals reporting a history of concussion (P &lt; .001), and those with ADHD (total number P = .04, symptom severity P = .02). Similar significant findings were noted for females and the history of concussion group on all 4 symptom factors; however, those in collision or contact sports also indicated greater cognitive (P = .03) and insomnia (P = .02) factors. Those with ADHD endorsed more cognitive (P &lt; .001) factors.ConclusionsNormative symptoms for a collegiate club-sport sample revealed approximately 70% were asymptomatic. Higher total number of symptoms and symptom severity were demonstrated by females and those with a history of concussion. Cognitive-specific symptoms were greater in those diagnosed with ADHD and those who participated in collision or contact sports.
Building clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity in low- and middle-income countries: Experience from Uganda
Authors: Omali Denis , Buzibye Allan , Kwizera Richard , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , Namakula Rhoda , Matovu Joshua , Mbabazi Olive , Mande Emmanuel , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Nakanjako Damalie , Gutteck Ursula , McAdam Keith , Easterbrook Philippa , Kambugu Andrew , Fehr Jan , Castelnuovo Barbara , Manabe Yukari C. , Lamorde Mohammed , Mueller Daniel , Merry Concepta 
Published: February 2023

Background: Research and clinical use of clinical pharmacology laboratories are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We describe our experience in building and sustaining laboratory capacity for clinical pharmacology at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda.Intervention: Existing laboratory infrastructure was repurposed, and new equipment was acquired. Laboratory personnel were hired and trained to optimise, validate, and develop in-house methods for testing antiretroviral, anti-tuberculosis and other drugs, including 10 high-performance liquid chromatography methods and four mass spectrometry methods. We reviewed all research collaborations and projects for which samples were assayed in the laboratory from January 2006 to November 2020. We assessed laboratory staff mentorship from collaborative relationships and the contribution of research projects towards human resource development, assay development, and equipment and maintenance costs. We further assessed the quality of testing and use of the laboratory for research and clinical care.Lessons learnt: Fourteen years post inception, the clinical pharmacology laboratory had contributed significantly to the overall research output at the institute by supporting 26 pharmacokinetic studies. The laboratory has actively participated in an international external quality assurance programme for the last four years. For clinical care, a therapeutic drug monitoring service is accessible to patients living with HIV at the Adult Infectious Diseases clinic in Kampala, Uganda.Recommendations: Driven primarily by research projects, clinical pharmacology laboratory capacity was successfully established in Uganda, resulting in sustained research output and clinical support. Strategies implemented in building capacity for this laboratory may guide similar processes in other low- and middle-income countries.
The validity of a general factor of emotional intelligence in the South African context
Authors: Van Lill Xander , Stols Anneke , Rajab Pakeezah , Wiggett Jani 
Published: February 2023

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays an important role in the prediction of important work-related outcomes, such as work performance. Southern African scholars frequently deploy total scores of EI without considering its hierarchical structure. This study investigated the presence of a general factor, as manifested among the subscales of the EQ-i 2.0, using an archival dataset of 16 581 employees in Southern Africa. Orthogonal first-order, single-factor, higher-order, oblique lower-order and bifactor models were specified to investigate the hierarchical structure of EI. The evidence supports the notion that a total score could be calculated for EI based on the EQ-i 2.0. A total EI score also appears to be predictive of employees’ individual work performance, as measured by their managers. It might, therefore, be practically meaningful for practitioners to calculate or use a total score when making selection decisions about employees based on the EQ-i. 2.0.Contribution: The findings of the present study offer insights into the theoretical and empirical structure of EI based on statistical techniques that have not been used on the construct in the Southern African context. Concurrent validity evidence further provides additional support that an overall quantitative score, based on the EQ-i. 2.0, has utility in hiring practices, where the aim is to predict future work performance.
Psychological Predictors of Adherence to Self-Care Behaviour amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Visiting Public Hospital, North India
Authors: Rana Divya , Kumar Rajesh , Kant Ravi 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need a high degree of self-care behavior, treatment adherence, and good psychological health. Psychological health play a vital role in adherence to treatment regimen and self-management of diabetes. This study aims to identify the psychological predictors of self-care behaviors among patients with T2DM.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at a diabetic clinic at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Structured pre-tested personal and clinical profile and self-efficacy, diabetes distress, depression and anxiety, and complications and fear of developing hypoglycaemia due to diabetes mellitus in the future are measured through standardized questionnaires.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 53.5 (±3.68) years, and 41.4% were in the overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9) and obese (16.7%, BMI > 30) category. Self-care behaviours found significant association with self-efficacy (r = 0.34, P < 0.001), anxiety (r = −0.28, P < 0.001), depression (r = −0.28, P < 0.001) and diabetes-related distress (r = −0.30, P < 0.001). Further, self-efficacy (P = 0.001), diabetes distress (P < 0.001) and fear of developing hypoglycaemia (P < 0.001) were reported independent predictors of self-care behaviour in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions:
The current study suggests that self-efficacy, fear of hypoglycaemia and emotional state played an important role in adherence to self-care behaviour in T2DM management. Patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely screened for psychological factors at diabetes clinics. Thus, developing tailored interventions to raise belief and self-efficacy might be a useful way to increase the involvement of patients in treatment.
Diabetes and Edentulism: A Survey on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Indian Sub-Population
Authors: Devadiga Trupti J. , Godil Aamir Z. , Wadwan Sanaa A. , Kazi Arshi I. , Dugal Ramandeep J. , Khan Mohammed Aatif A. 
Published: February 2023

Aims:
The current study was conducted to assess the oral health-related quality of life in completely edentulous and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The null hypothesis of the survey is that there is no effect of both edentulism and diabetes on the oral health-related quality of life of patients.

Settings and Design:
A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Methods and Materials:

Test Groups: The study population was divided into three groups: • Group 1: Non-diabetic patients, wearing a complete denture. • Group 2: Diabetic patients, wearing a complete denture. • Group 3: Diabetic, completely dentulous patients. Sample Size: In total, 332 (200 males and 132 females) patients.

Methodology of the Survey:
Telephonic and interview methods of surveying were employed to evaluate patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The mean values, standard deviation (SD) and P value were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at 5% (*P value < 0.05, ***P value < 0.001, NS: statistically non-significant). The higher the score, the higher the impact and vice-versa. Inter-group comparisons were done with post-hoc Bonferroni’s test for multiple group comparisons.

Results:
Data collected from the survey were statistically significant, results were noted between the completely edentulous patients wearing dentures and diabetic dentulous patients. Though DM is a potent risk factor for periodontitis, leading to edentulism, statistical analysis of this study suggested that the oral health-related quality of life was affected significantly only due to edentulism and not due to DM. This is indicative of the fact that the quality of the prostheses itself determines the overall oral health-related quality of life, irrespective of whether the patient is a diabetic or not. Therefore, it can be said that the present trends of prosthodontic management of patients with DM are successfully restoring the patients physiological, psychological as well as social needs.

Conclusions:
Complete edentulism is the terminal outcome of a multifactorial process involving biological factors and patient-related factors. Diabetes and edentulism are both potential comorbid factors governing the oral health-related quality of life. The correlation between the two is complex and needs a thorough evaluation to improve the overall health of patients in the current clinical practice.
Two different in-vitro simulation protocols to evaluate the color stability of heat cure acrylic resin denture base
Authors: ELkafoury Noha M. H. , Asal Safa'a A. , Alam-Eldein Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
In-vitro studies are required to predict the outcomes of in-vivo studies. Reliability of simulation protocols used in in-vitro test is an indication for its creditability. Up to our knowledge, no in-vitro method is yet available based on which resin material discoloration can be assessed with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Likely, there will never be a single laboratory test or a collection of tests that will accurately predict the clinical performance on specific materials. This, however, should not be an excuse for not improving and validating the laboratory test methods.

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of two different simulation protocol using the same discoloring agents and effect of brushing on color stability of heat cure acrylic resin denture base.

Materials and Methods
One hundred twenty heat cure acrylic resin disk samples, all were exposed to coffee, roselle, and cigarette smoke for a simulation period representing three months: half of samples were immersed in simulation mediums continuously without artificial saliva. Group A, the other half was exposed to simulation mediums and artificial saliva in a term of cycle repeated daily. Group B, each half was subdivided into two subgroups, one subgroup was brushed with soft toothbrush under water (A2, B2) while the other subgroup was rinsed with water (A1, B1). Color measurement was conducted by portable spectrophotometer.

Results
Statistically significant difference between the four subgroups, the highest color change was reported for subgroup (A1) followed by subgroups (A2, B1, B2) in order.

Conclusion
Simulation protocol in term of a cycle repeated daily is more representative to the oral cavity than continuous protocol, patients must be instructed to perform hygienic procedures daily to maintain the denture esthetics.
In vitro study of the effect of nanosilver fluoride on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and demineralization of enamel
Authors: El-Toukhy Mariam H. , El-Shourbagy Eman M. , Fakhry Neveen M. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets and prevention of enamel demineralization.

Materials and methods
Seventy-five human premolars divided into three group. Brackets were bonded directly to buccal surface using grengloo (Ormco) light cured orthodontic adhesive following manufacturer's instructions. In group I, no intervention was carried out. In group II, NSF was applied for 2 min before acid etching while in group III, NSF was applied for 2 min after acid etching. All samples were then subjected to pH cycle to simulate cariogenic challenge. SBS and adhesive remnant index score were evaluated for all samples then five teeth from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscopic evaluation.

Results
The mean SBS values were 9.74 ± 3.03, 10.39 ± 2.77, and 10.71 ± 3.34 for group I, II, and III, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance revealed nonsignificant difference among groups. For adhesive remnant index scores, statistically significant difference was found between groups I and II and groups I and III while there was no statistically significant difference between groups II and III. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed deposition of new fluoroapatite crystals with less enamel demineralization in groups II and III.

Conclusion
NSF could be effectively used for preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets without negatively affecting the bond strength. The site of bond failure was changed by NSF application with increased adhesive remaining on tooth surface after debonding.
Sustainability Awareness, Health Literacy, and the Inclination to Buy Smart Lights: A Conceptual Paper
Authors: Heqi Zhao , Halabi Khairun Nisa Mustaffa 
Published: February 2023

Expansion of businesses and industrialization has led to depletion of natural resources and has turned the concerns of the global communities, especially countries like China and America, on. The excess population of China has led to creating huge depletions of natural resources and carbon emissions. This is why China is now considering green initiatives as compulsory and important for mitigation of negative environmental impacts, negative impacts on the growth of economy, and on the health and literacy of the common man. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyze the various factors that lead to increased opportunity of buying from online domains. The framework presented within this study entails that social and environmental sustainability awareness and health literacy can lead to enhancing the purchase decisions of smart and green products such as smart light. Altruism has been used as a connection variable between these factors as altruistic nature of consumer has shown toenhance the buying behavior. The conceptual framework presented din this study needs to be validated through empirical research in the future.
Product Quality and Corporate Financial Performance of Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Abbas Yasir Abdullah , Sabti Yousif Mousa , Al-Jazaeri Mohammed Basim Mohammed , Khadher Hussein Ali Hadi Abu 
Published: February 2023

The goal of this paper is to determine the influence of the product quality on the corporate financial performance (CFP) of Bursa Malaysia (BM) as a developing market. This study employs secondary data derived from the content analysis of the Datastream and annual reports of 140 sampled listed on BM for the period of 2008–2018 and utilises the OLS and WLS regressions. The consequences illustration that there is a positive and important link among product quality with CFP. To the researchers’ best knowledge, this study makes a significant contribution in terms of product in BM firms.