bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude of Tetanus–Diphtheria Vaccine in a Group of Pregnant Women in Baghdad 2023
Authors: Aswad Thuraya Hatam , Abdul-Sahib Hanadi Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Tetanus–diphtheria-containing vaccine is still recommended for pregnant women even in countries that declared the elimination of neonatal tetanus and consequently the maternal tetanus. Many factors may affect vaccination during pregnancy. Knowledge is a key factor that greatly affects pregnant women.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of tetanus–diphtheria vaccine among pregnant women and to find any association between vaccine knowledge and attitude and study variables (age, educational status, employment, family income, socioeconomic status [SES], and antenatal care [ANC]).

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad city. Data collection was from March 1, 2023, to May 30, 2023. Thirteen primary health-care centers and two teaching hospitals were chosen conveniently to be included in the study. Total number of participants were 329 primigravida pregnant women. An interview questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data related to the knowledge and attitude of women about tetanus–diphtheria immunization and tetanus infection.

Results:
the study found that 73.6% of women had an accepted level of knowledge, 11.8% had an optimal level of knowledge, while 14.5% had a poor level of knowledge. Higher knowledge and attitude levels were significantly higher among older age group women and those with higher level of education and SES. ANC attendance and work status showed statistical insignificance regarding the level of knowledge and attitude. Women identify ANC and family members and friends as their primary sources of information about tetanus infection and immunization.

Conclusions:
Women’s knowledge was acceptable regarding tetanus infection and tetanus–diphtheria immunization. It is possible for proper health education targeting young women to prevent the occurrence of maternal neonatal tetanus. This might be possible with proper use of mass media to increase awareness.
Knowledge and Attitudes toward Epilepsy among Teachers in a District in Baghdad, Al-Karkh 2023
Authors: Obiad Sura Haitham , Nasir Nadia Aziz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Epilepsy, affecting 50 million people globally, disproportionately impacts children and those in low-and middle-income countries. It leads to recurring seizures and significant social, cognitive, and psychological challenges. Stigma and lack of awareness, especially in educational settings, hinder the quality of life and inclusion of individuals with epilepsy. Addressing these challenges through improved understanding and support in schools is crucial for enhancing the well-being of those affected.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy among school teachers and to examine the influence of sociodemographic factors and school types on the level of knowledge and attitude.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad’s Al-Mansour District from February to December 2023. A cluster sampling technique was used to select 30 schools. All teachers in selected schools were included in the study. Data collection involved a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge, and attitudes toward epilepsy.

Results:
The entire study sample was 530 school teachers, only 45% had poor knowledge, and 18% demonstrated good knowledge. Fifty-one percent of teachers displayed poor attitudes toward epilepsy. Logistic regression analysis identified a family history of epilepsy and witnessing an epileptic attack as significant factors positively influencing knowledge. However, demographic factors showed no significant impact on knowledge or attitudes toward epilepsy.

Conclusion:
A notable knowledge gap and attitudes about epilepsy. Social media and television were important sources of information about epilepsy, which may not always provide accurate or comprehensive knowledge. Teachers with a family history of epilepsy and teachers who have witnessed epileptic attacks tend to have better knowledge. However, age, gender, marital status, and educational level do not significantly influence knowledge and attitude levels.
IMPLEMENTING RESTORATIVE PRACTICES IN GREEK SECONDARY EDUCATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE EPIRUS REGION
Authors: Zagkos Christos , Ladias Georgios 
Published: January 2025

This study explores educators' perspectives on implementing restorative justice practices, specifically school mediation, within the High Schools of Epirus, Greece. It aims to enrich the scientific discussion on conflict resolution and school climate enhancement. Focusing on two primary objectives, the study first seeks to capture teachers' views on mediation's effectiveness in managing conflicts and reducing bullying while also fostering a positive, cooperative environment within schools. Secondly, it examines the practical challenges and barriers to the effective application of restorative practices in educational settings. The methodology employed in this study follows a qualitative research design, focusing on analyzing teachers' perspectives on school mediation through thematic content analysis. The study utilizes semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insights into the experiences and viewpoints of ten (10) principals and teachers in the Epirus Region who perform the role of mediators in High Schools. The sample, selected through convenience sampling, comprises ten educators with direct involvement in mediation processes within their schools. Data were processed using thematic analysis, which facilitated the identification of recurring themes and patterns that reflect the teachers’ experiences and perceptions. Findings reveal that while educators acknowledge the benefits of training, they emphasize the crucial role of personal skills, including communication and empathy, in successful mediation. The study also identifies specific barriers, such as parental resistance and entrenched cultural biases, that hinder the mediation process. Notably, mediation is shown to uncover deeper social issues within the school environment, indicating the complex layers that affect student behavior and conflict. This research underlines the significant influence of teacher personality in mediation success and highlights the need for ongoing parental involvement to support sustainable improvements in school climate.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0801/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
PERCEPTIONS OF SCIENCE LEARNING SELF-EFFICACY IN GHANA: INSIGHTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION
Authors: Nomin Januarius Felix , Owusu Kofi Acheaw , Otami Charles Deodat 
Published: January 2025

Self-efficacy is an important attribute capable of shaping a person’s behavior. Perceived academic efficacy plays an influential role in students' school success, motivation, persistence, engagement, and academic achievements for science disciplines. Although various factors have been found to affect Ghanaian high school students’ science learning, their perceived self-efficacy has not been gauged. This study explored senior high school students’ science learning self-efficacy through a cross-sectional survey of 1,507 students. Data collected were analyzed with means, standard deviation and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results revealed that students had positive perception about their science learning self-efficacy except for their practical skills. Also, no gender differences in science learning self-efficacy between males and females were seen. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers take active steps by planning and structuring science lessons to include more practical to enhance students’ efficacy in practical skills to boost their overall perception of their science learning abilities.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0401/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
DEMOCRATIZANDO OS TESTES DE INTELIGÊNCIA: ACESSO ABERTO E GRATUITO AO TESTE DE DOBRADURAS DA BATERIA DE FATORES COGNITIVOS DE ALTA-ORDEM (BAFACALO) / DEMOCRATIZING INTELLIGENCE TESTS: OPEN AND FREE ACCESS TO THE FOLDING TEST OF THE HIGH-ORDER COGNITIVE FACTORS BATTERY (BAFACALO)
Authors: Gomes Cristiano Mauro Assis , De Araujo Jhonys 
Published: January 2025

<p>Uma agenda de disponibilização de testes abertos e gratuitos é benéfica à sociedade. Ela se alinha ao movimento da ciência aberta e democratização de testes. O Laboratório de Investigação da Arquitetura Cognitiva (LAICO) se insere nessa agenda a partir de 2021 e começa a disponibilizar os seus testes. Este artigo disponibiliza de forma gratuita e aberta o Teste de Dobraduras da Bateria de Fatores Cognitivos de Alta Ordem (BAFACALO) criado no LAICO. Esse teste objetiva avaliar a habilidade de visualização, a habilidade ampla visuoespacial e o fator geral de inteligência, pertencentes aos modelos de inteligência Cattell-Horn-Carroll e Três Estratos. Esperamos que sua disponibilização contribua para o ensino em avaliação, a investigação de teorias e construtos em inteligência, além de servir como referência para o desenvolvimento de novos instrumentos.</p><p> </p><p>An agenda promoting the provision of open and free tests serves as a societal benefit. It aligns with the open science movement and supports the democratization of testing. Since 2021, the Laboratory for Cognitive Architecture Mapping (LAICO) has embraced this agenda by making its tests available to the public. This article introduces the Folding Test of the High-Order Cognitive Factors Battery (BAFACALO), developed by LAICO, as an open and free resource. The test is designed to assess visualization ability, broad visuospatial ability, and the general factor of intelligence, as described in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll and Three-Stratum models of intelligence. We hope this initiative contributes to education in assessment, the exploration of theories and constructs in intelligence, and serves as a model for the development of new instruments.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0731/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
The prevalence of the use of publicly available digital communication technologies by doctors in professional communication with patients
Authors: Romanova T. E. , Abaeva O. P. , Romanov S. V. , Dzyubak S. A. 
Published: January 2025

In addition to officially authorized information resources, doctors of medical organizations widely use publicly available means of digital communication in professional communication with patients, which poses a threat to the disclosure of personal data and information about the patient’s health status.Aim. To study the frequency of use of publicly available digital means of communication by doctors in professional communication with patients.Materials and methods. A survey based on author’s questionnaires of 240 doctors, among whom 36.6 ± 3.1% worked in a polyclinic, 18.3 ± 2.4% – in a rural hospital, 45.1 ± 3.2% – in a multidisciplinary urban hospital. Among the respondents were representatives of various age groups and medical specialties.Results. According to the survey results, only 18.2 ± 2.5% of respondents do not use publicly available digital technologies when communicating with patients. Doctors mainly use messengers (Whatsapp, Viber and others) (44.6 ± 3.2% of respondents), e-mail (24.5 ± 2.8%), less often social networks (12.6 ± 2.1%). As doctors move into older age groups, they use digital technologies less often to communicate with patients (p = 0.045), communication with patients using digital means of communication is more common among male doctors than among female doctors (p = 0.04). The number of doctors using digital technologies in communicating with patients in the city hospital turned out to be significantly higher compared to the central district hospital (p < 0.0001) and polyclinic (p < 0.0001). Doctors of therapeutic specialties are less likely to use digital technologies to communicate with a patient than specialists in surgical specialties (p = 0.04).Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of the use of publicly available digital communication tools by doctors when communicating with patients: 81.8 ± 2.5% of respondents reported such a practice. At the same time, such unsecured communication channels as messengers and e-mail are the most in demand.
Learning while Traveling: Influences of Short-term Cross-cultural Immersion Experiences to High School Students
Authors: Bugtong Bernadette 
Published: January 2025

This present study explored the experiences of Filipino learner-participants in a 6-day cross-cultural immersion held in Indonesia, aiming to understand how they interpreted their cultural learning over a year later. Employing phenomenology as the research design, data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, participant observation and document analysis. The findings indicate that interactions with the host community helped participants recognize cultural diversity, respect cultural differences and reassess their cultural prejudices, leading to lasting changes in their perceptions and behaviors after returning home. However, the limitations brought by the restrictions on movements due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lack of pre-immersion and post-immersion activities have presented challenges to the breadth and depth of these changes. These findings underscore not only the importance of cross-cultural immersions in fostering intercultural sensitivity and competence but also the significance of continuous guidance from educators during the different stages of the experience. Furthermore, it was shown that despite the short time spent in the immersion, significant changes were still experienced by the participants, contrary to what some studies suggest.
Lebensmittel kaum mit PSM belastet
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: January 2025

Frankfurt a.M. Lebensmittel in Deutschland enthalten nur selten Rückstände von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) oberhalb der geltenden Rückstandshöchstgehalte. Dies zeigt die nun vom Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) veröffentlichte „Nationale Berichterstattung Pflanzenschutzmittelrückstände in Lebensmitteln 2023“.
Representasi Peran Ibu dalam Film Ngeri-ngeri Sedap
Authors: Zahra Misyka , Ramadhan Naufal Habib , Al Farisi Rayhan Salman 
Published: January 2025

Film "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap" menampilkan dinamika keluarga Batak yang diwarnai konflik antara orang tua dan anak-anak mereka yang enggan pulang kampung. Film ini menawarkan gambaran tentang pergeseran nilai-nilai dan peran dalam keluarga Batak kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran ibu dalam film tersebut dengan menggunakan pendekatan semiotika Roland Barthes. Melalui analisis dialog antar tokoh, ditemukan bahwa ibu (Mak Domu) tidak hanya berperan sebagai penjaga keharmonisan rumah tangga, tetapi juga menunjukkan keberanian dalam menentang stereotip dan memperjuangkan hak-haknya sebagai perempuan. Mak Domu merepresentasikan perempuan Batak modern yang mandiri, kritis, dan berani menyuarakan pendapat. Penelitian ini, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang mana lebih mengarah kepada analisis mendalam terhadap suatu objek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa film "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap" menawarkan pemaknaan baru tentang peran ibu dalam keluarga Batak, yang tidak lagi terbatas pada tugas-tugas domestik, tetapi juga aktif dalam mengambil keputusan dan menentukan arah keluarga. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa film ini mencerminkan sebuah transformasi dalam peran gender dalam masyarakat, di mana ibu tidak hanya sebagai figur pendukung, tetapi turut menjadi agen perubahan dalam keluarga. Dengan demikian, film ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai media refleksi sosial yang mengangkat isu-isu penting terkait peran keluarga, tradisi, dan modernitas dalam masyarakat Indonesia saat ini.
Profil Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21
Authors: Supriyanto Agus , Mariana Neni , Wiryanto Wiryanto , Hendratno Hendratno 
Published: January 2025

Rendahnya kemampuan numerasi siswa merupakan salah satu masalah yang perlu diselesaikan dengan memberikan pembelajaran yang dapat melatih kemampuan numerasi siswa. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan numerasi siswa berdasarkan rata-rata hasil tes siswa, domain konten yang diujikan, level berpikir siswa, dan indikator kemampuan numerasi. Kami menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan melibatkan 25 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes numerasi yang terdiri dari 20 soal yang diadaptasi dari soal tes numerasi pada Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum. Selanjutnya, kami menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif untuk menjawab rumusan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase jumlah siswa yang mendapat nilai tes numeras kategori sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah sebesar 76%. Rata-rata nilai tes numerasi siswa berdasarkan konten Bilangan (D1), Aljabar (D2), Geometri dan Pengukuran (D3), Data dan Ketidakpastian (D4) adalah 39,4. Rata-rata persentase siswa yang berhasil menjawab soal level Pemahaman (L1), Penerapan (L2), Penalaran (L3) dalam kategori sedang, rendah, dan sangat rendah sebesar 73%. Dan rata-rata persentase kemampuan numerasi siswa berdasarkan indikator siswa (I1), (I2), dan (I3) dalam kategori sedang, rendah, dan sangat rendah sebesar 73%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan numerasi siswa masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, kami merekomendasikan untuk perencanaan dan pengimplementasian pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan numerasi siswa.
East Antarctic Ice Sheet variability in the central Transantarctic Mountains since the mid Miocene
Authors: Bromley Gordon R. M. , Balco Greg , Jackson Margaret S. , Balter-Kennedy Allie , Thomas Holly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The response of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to warmer-than-present climate conditions has direct implications for projections of future sea level, ocean circulation, and global radiative forcing. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether the ice sheet is likely to undergo net loss due to amplified melting coupled with dynamic instabilities or whether such losses will be balanced, or even offset, by enhanced accumulation under a higher-precipitation regime. The glacial depositional record from the central Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) provides a robust geologic means to reconstruct the past behaviour of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, including during periods thought to have been warmer than today, such as the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (∼3.3–3.0 Ma). This study describes a new surface-exposure-dated moraine record from Otway Massif in the central TAM spanning the last ∼9 Myr and synthesises these data in the context of previously published moraine chronologies constrained with cosmogenic nuclides. The resulting record, although fragmentary, represents the majority of direct and unambiguous terrestrial evidence for the existence and size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last 14 Myr, and it thus provides new insight into the long-term relationship between the ice sheet and global climate. At face value, the existing TAM moraine record does not exhibit a clear signature of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period, thus precluding a definitive verdict on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet's response to this event. In contrast, an apparent hiatus in moraine deposition both at Otway Massif and the neighbouring Roberts Massif suggests that the ice sheet surface in the central TAM was potentially lower than present during the late Miocene and earliest Pliocene.
Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning
Authors: Großelindemann Hendrik , Castruccio Frederic S. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Biastoch Arne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Agulhas Leakage transports relatively warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean and as such is an important component of the global ocean circulation. These waters are part of the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and Agulhas Leakage variability has been linked to AMOC variability. Agulhas Leakage is expected to increase under a warming climate due to a southward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, which could further influence the AMOC dynamics. This study uses a set of high-resolution preindustrial control, historical and transient simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a nominal horizontal resolution of 0.1° for the ocean and sea ice and 0.25° for the atmosphere and land. At these resolutions, the model represents the necessary scales to investigate Agulhas Leakage transport variability and its relation to the AMOC. The simulated Agulhas Leakage transport of 19.7 ± 3 Sv lies well within the observed range of 21.3 ± 4.7 Sv. A positive correlation between the Agulhas Current and the Agulhas Leakage is shown, meaning that an increase of the Agulhas Current transport leads to an increase in Agulhas Leakage. The Agulhas Leakage impacts the strength of the AMOC through Rossby wave dynamics that alter the cross-basin geostrophic balance with a time lag of 2–3 years. Furthermore, the salt transport associated with the Agulhas Leakage influences AMOC dynamics through the salt–advection feedback by reducing the AMOC's freshwater transport at 34° S. The Agulhas Leakage transport indeed increases under a warming climate due to strengthened and southward-shifting winds. In contrast, the Agulhas Current transport decreases due to a decrease in the Indonesian Throughflow and the strength of the wind-driven subtropical gyre. The increase in the Agulhas Leakage is accompanied by a higher salt transport into the Atlantic Ocean, which could play a role in the stability of the AMOC via the salt–advection feedback.