bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention fusion network with self‐supervised learning for staging of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using multiple MR protocols
Authors: Kim Bomin , Lee Geun Young , Park Sung‐Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is characterized as bone cell death in the hip joint, involving a severe pain in the groin. The staging of ONFH is commonly based on Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT), which are important for establishing effective treatment plans. There have been some attempts to automate ONFH staging using deep learning, but few of them used only MR images.PurposeTo propose a deep learning model for MR‐only ONFH staging, which can reduce additional cost and radiation exposure from the acquisition of CT images.MethodsWe integrated information from the MR images of five different imaging protocols by a newly proposed attention fusion method, which was composed of intra‐modality attention and inter‐modality attention. In addition, a self‐supervised learning was used to learn deep representations from a large amount of paired MR‐CT dataset. The encoder part of the MR‐CT translation network was used as a pretraining network for the staging, which aimed to overcome the lack of annotated data for staging. Ablation studies were performed to investigate the contributions of each proposed method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the performance of the networks.ResultsOur model improved the performance of the four‐way classification of the association research circulation osseous (ARCO) stage using MR images of the multiple protocols by 6.8%p in AUROC over a plain VGG network. Each proposed method increased the performance by 4.7%p (self‐supervised learning) and 2.6%p (attention fusion) in AUROC, which was demonstrated by the ablation experiments.ConclusionsWe have shown the feasibility of the MR‐only ONFH staging by using self‐supervised learning and attention fusion. A large amount of paired MR‐CT data in hospitals can be used to further improve the performance of the staging, and the proposed method has potential to be used in the diagnosis of various diseases that require staging from multiple MR protocols.
Frontal Sinus Balloon Sinuplasty—Patient Satisfaction and Factors Predicting Reoperation
Authors: Sainio Sara , Blomgren Karin , Koskinen Anni , Lundberg Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore predictive factors of postoperative outcome of frontal sinus balloon dilation.Study DesignRetrospective questionnaire study.SettingDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland.MethodsWe reviewed electronic records of all patients who underwent frontal sinus balloon dilatation (successful or attempted) in our clinic from 2008 to 2019. We documented patient characteristics, preoperative imaging results, intraoperative factors, possible complications, and reoperations. Those who underwent frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty were sent a questionnaire regarding their current symptoms and long‐term satisfaction with surgery.ResultsIn total, 258 operations (404 frontal sinuses) were reviewed, with a technical success rate of 93.6% (n = 378). The revision rate was 15.7% (n = 38). Previous sinonasal surgery predicted a higher revision rate (p = .004, odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40‐6.56). Patients with hybrid surgery had significantly fewer reoperations compared to the balloon only group (p = .002, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.16‐0.67). The response rate of the questionnaire was 64.5% (n = 156), of which 88.5% (n = 138) reported a long‐term benefit from the balloon sinuplasty. Patient satisfaction was higher (p = .02, OR = 8.26, 95% CI 1.06‐64.24) among patients using nasal corticosteroids.ConclusionTechnical success rate and patient satisfaction after frontal sinus balloon sinuplasty are high. Balloon sinuplasty seems insufficient in reoperations. A hybrid approach appears to result in fewer reoperations than a balloon only approach.
Comparative efficacy and safety of suvorexant and lemborexant for insomnia treatment
Authors: Hayashi Teruaki , Yamanashi Takehiko , Iwata Masaaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimAlthough suvorexant and lemborexant, which have orexin receptor antagonist activity, are used as sleep medications in Japan, no report has directly compared their efficacy and safety. This study compared the efficacy and safety of the drugs.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who presented to the Outpatient Department of Psychiatry at Tottori University Hospital between December 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Information was obtained from 108 patients who were newly treated with suvorexant or lemborexant. Data were analyzed after excluding one case of discontinuation due to a post‐administration allergic reaction. Improvement in sleep status after administration was assessed retrospectively from medical records by using the Clinical Global Impressions‐Improvement (CGI‐I) Scale, which is a subscale of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale. The incidence of side‐effects was obtained from the medical records of the patient's first visit after administration.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the CGI‐I scores in the suvorexant (mean [SD], 3.05 [0.93]) and lemborexant groups (mean [SD], 3.38 [0.83]) (p = 0.10). The incidence of side‐effects with continued treatment was not significantly different between the suvorexant group (12.5%) and the lemborexant group (2.9%) (p = 0.10). Patients who switched from suvorexant to lemborexant had CGI‐I scores ≤4, and no side‐effects were observed after switching to lemborexant.ConclusionThere was no difference in effectiveness between suvorexant and lemborexant. However, lemborexant might cause side‐effects less frequently than suvorexant, at least in the early stages of treatment.
Critical thinking disposition and academic achievement among Chinese high school students: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Tang Minyan , Wang Maowen , Chen Liang , Sun Xiaohua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study tested a moderated mediation model that included critical thinking disposition (independent variable), emotional intelligence (moderator), academic self‐efficacy (mediator), and academic achievement (dependent variable) in a sample of 642 high school participants aged 14–16 years (M = 15.59, SD = 0.97, 48.44% males) in China, using data from an in‐school questionnaire. Study findings showed that critical thinking disposition was positively associated with academic achievement. Academic self‐efficacy played a mediating role between critical thinking disposition and academic achievement. Moreover, emotional intelligence played a moderating role in the second half of the mediation process, in which critical thinking disposition affected academic achievement through academic self‐efficacy. The results revealed the mechanism of critical thinking disposition on academic achievement.
Identification of novel smORFs and microprotein acting in response to rehydration of Nostoc flagelliforme
Authors: Peng Zhao , Huwanixi Aishuake , Wan Cuihong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNostoc flagelliforme, a terrestrial cyanobacterium spread throughout arid and semi‐arid areas, has been long known for its outstanding adaptability to extremely dry conditions. This microorganism is able to recover biological activities within hours after months of anhydrobiosis state, attracting investigation through proteomic analysis. Except for canonical proteome, microproteins encoded by small ORFs (smORFs) have recently been regarded as indispensable participants in metabolic processes. However, the involvement of smORFs in N. flagelliforme remains unknown. Here we first constructed a smORF database in N. flagelliforme using bioinformatic prediction, resulting in 6072 novel smORFs. Then LS‐MS/MS analysis was applied to identify expression patterns of microproteins and seek smORFs and their encoded microprotein playing a role during rehydration. In total, 18 novel microproteins were mined based on a smORF searching strategy combined with three proteomic assays, of which five were annotated as ribosomal proteins, one as RNA polymerase subunit, and one as acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. We also suggested the possible functions of smORFs according to their expression pattern and discovered two neighboring and homologous smORFs. All these results will expand our knowledge of smORFs‐encoded microproteins and their relation to the stress response of extremophilic microorganisms.
Psychosocial experiences of cancer survivors and their caregivers in sub‐Saharan Africa: A synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Ikharo Ebahi , Gondwe Kaboni Whitney , Conklin Jamie L. , Zimba Chifundo Colleta , Bula Agatha , Jumbo Wongani , Wella Kondwani , Mapulanga Patrick , Idiagbonya Eno , Bingo Samuel A. M. , Chilemba Evelyn , Hotchkiss Jennifer , Montano Nilda Peragallo , Qan'ir Yousef , Song Lixin , Leak Bryant Ashley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesize and examine current literature on survivorship experiences and psychosocial oncologic care programs of individuals affected by cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsThis was a systematic review guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched 6 databases for articles published from inception to 21 October 2021. Articles were appraised using the Johanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Qualitative Research. For data synthesis, we used the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life framework [WHOQOL] to organize experiences into 6 domains/themes.ResultsTwenty‐five qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. Studies focused on psychosocial care of adults (>18 years) affected by cancer in SSA. The common WHOQOL domains were social relations, spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, and psychological.ConclusionFindings echo need for individuals with cancer and their caregivers. Healthcare professionals are an essential resource for information and support services that can be tailored to individuals need. This synthesis highlighted caregiver stress and stressors from the community that could impact care of individuals with cancer. A holistic approach is needed that incorporates professional and social aspects of care.
Board experiential diversity and corporate radical innovation
Authors: Genin Aurora , Ma Wenting , Bhagwat Vineet , Bernile Gennaro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryHow does board experiential diversity affect corporate radical innovation? We find that the combined diversity of directors' educational, industrial, and organizational experiences spurs the quantity and quality of path‐breaking patents developed at a firm. Instrumental variable analysis leveraging exogenous variation in firm access to the nonlocal supply of directors with diverse experiences indicates causality, which is corroborated by difference‐in‐differences tests. Firm heterogeneity suggests experientially diverse directors spur radical innovation by better serving the firm's advisory needs rather than via improved governance. Our findings enrich theoretical insights into how corporate board leadership may affect innovation and long‐term value creation at the firm.Managerial SummaryThis study offers practical guidance on director recruitment. Board directors with diverse educational, industrial, and organizational experiences can support the invention of radical technology. This type of innovation can create substantial economic and social value. Noting the benefits of diverse experiences in the boardroom, corporate executives can search beyond the traditional director pedigree (e.g., Ivy League‐educated financiers), where female and minority individuals remain underrepresented. In doing so, the firm can find more qualified candidates to assemble a demographically and intellectually diverse board, thus cultivating an inclusive corporate culture conducive to shareholder and stakeholder value creation.
Graphene and boron nitride foams for smart functional applications
Authors: Xu Chiwei , Zeng Jinjue , Wang Yue , Jiang Xiangfen , Wang Xuebin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphene and boron nitride (BN) foams, as two types of three‐dimensional (3D) nanomaterials consisting of two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets, can inherit a series of excellent properties of the 2D individuals. The internal 3D network can prevent aggregation or restacking between isolated graphene or BN nanosheets, and provide a highway for phonon/electron transports. Moreover, the interconnected porous structure creates a continual channel for the mass exchange of exotic species. The light‐element graphene and BN foams can thus possess the characteristics of low density, high porosity, high surface area, and excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Benefiting from these advantages, they show a wide range of applications. The usual synthesis methods and the recent functional applications of graphene and BN foams are reviewed herein, including their applications as supporting materials, elastic materials, acoustic shielding materials, thermal interface materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, adsorption materials, electrocatalysis and thermal catalyses materials, electrochemical energy storage, and thermal energy storage materials. Current challenges and outlooks are additionally discussed.
A ratiometric near‐infrared fluorescent probe for the detection and monitoring of hypochlorous acid in rheumatoid arthritis model and real water samples
Authors: Shang Zhuye , Yang Xinyi , Meng Qingtao , Tian Shengye , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies revealed that the increased level of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) may be deemed to be one of the signs of chronic inflammatory joint disease. Accordingly, the development of effective methods for rapid and accurate detection or monitoring of HOCl in vivo is of great significance for further understanding the role of HOCl in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, a ratiometric near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (PTA) was reported for the detection and monitoring of HOCl. In the presence of HOCl, the electron‐rich S atom and C=C double bond of probe PTA were oxidized in sequence, resulting in the significant hypochromatic shift and decline of absorption spectra. Simultaneously, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of PTA is inhibited, causing the intrinsic fluorescence emission of PTA shift from 680 to 550 nm. PTA‐based test paper strips were successfully prepared and applied to determinate HOCl in actual water samples by “naked eye” colorimetric method. PTA features NIR emission, large Stokes shift (200 nm), low cytotoxicity, high sensitivity (33.9 nM), and short response time (45 s), which enable it to be successfully utilized for imaging endogenous and exogenous HOCl in living zebrafish and mice. More importantly, PTA shows remarkable effectiveness for the monitoring of HOCl‐mediated treatment response to RA. Consequently, PTA provides a new approach to further understand the role of HOCl in RA and evaluate the drug treatment efficiency of RA.
A novel reversible data hiding scheme for VQ codebooks
Authors: Wang Xu , Liu Jui‐Chuan , Chang Chin‐Chen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVector quantization (VQ) technique is widely used in digital image compression. Some reversible data hiding schemes have been proposed to embed secret data (eg, password, timestamp, and watermark) into a VQ index table. In real application scenarios, users usually train codebooks on their own data sets instead of using the public codebooks directly. Therefore, different from the conventional schemes, in this paper we propose a novel reversible data hiding scheme for VQ codebooks instead of VQ index tables. All permutation operation is adopted to a sorted codebook to find usable codewords and embeds secret data. Experimental results demonstrate that the embedding rates of our proposed scheme for different‐sized codebooks are appreciable. The embedded codebook can also be directly applied to decompress images.
Study on spalling and cracking behavior of MWCNTs concrete exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Tian Wei , Cheng Xu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the spalling and cracking behavior of concrete exposed to high temperatures, and also consider the mechanism of different cooling methods (including natural air cooling, spray cooling, and quench cooling) on its performance after high temperature. Meanwhile, the change rules of mechanical properties and pore structure of MWCNTs reinforced concrete during high temperature and cooling were explored by x‐ray computed tomography. The results demonstrated that spalling and cracking behavior of the concrete specimens exposed to high temperatures was effectively controlled by adding MWCNTs. Consequently, the thermal resistance and residual mechanical properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures were significantly improved. Moreover, the mesoscopic and microscopic observation showed that the MWCNTs have a favorable impact on reducing the porosity of the concrete specimens below 600°C. However, when the temperature exceeded 600°C, MWCNTs reached the burning point and lost the bridging effect. No trace of MWCNTs was observed in the concrete specimen, but the cumulative mitigation decreased the possibility of cracking and spalling of concrete at 800°C. Additionally, considering the influence of cooling methods, it is found that the spalling and cracking of the concrete specimens after high temperature caused by quench cooling were the most serious, while that of caused by spray cooling were the least.
Stress–Strain and Fluid Flow
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter first a multi-phase-field model considering transformation strain and elastic energy is developed. It utilizes the expansion into multiple phases of the multi-phase-field model. In particular, the treatment of the diffuse interface region as an effective medium is discussed in the context of homogenization theory. The model is applied to martensitic transformation within finite strain framework. In the second part of the lecture coupling for solute transport by melt flow is discussed. The model is applied to equiaxed dendritic solidification of MgAl in a shear flow.
Definitions of entwinement
Authors: Craps Ben , De Clerck Marine , López Alejandro Vilar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Entwinement was first introduced as the CFT dual to extremal, non-minimal geodesics of quotiented AdS3 spaces. It was heuristically meant to capture the entanglement of internal, gauged degrees of freedom, for instance in the symmetric product orbifold CFT of the D1/D5 brane system. The literature now contains different, and sometimes inequivalent, field theory definitions of entwinement. In this paper, we build a discretized lattice model of symmetric product orbifold CFTs, and explicitly construct a gauge-invariant reduced density matrix whose von Neumann entropy agrees with the holographic computation of entwinement. Refining earlier notions, our construction gives meaning to the entwinement of an interval of given size within a long string of specific length. We discuss similarities and differences with previous definitions of entwinement.
Exact quantization and analytic continuation
Authors: Gabai Barak , Yin Xi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper we give a streamlined derivation of the exact quantization condition (EQC) on the quantum periods of the Schrödinger problem in one dimension with a general polynomial potential, based on Wronskian relations. We further generalize the EQC to potentials with a regular singularity, describing spherical symmetric quantum mechanical systems in a given angular momentum sector. We show that the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations that govern the quantum periods undergo nontrivial monodromies as the angular momentum is analytically continued between integer values in the complex plane. The TBA equations together with the EQC are checked numerically against Hamiltonian truncation at real angular momenta and couplings, and are used to explore the analytic continuation of the spectrum on the complex angular momentum plane in examples.
Holographic open quantum systems: toy models and analytic properties of thermal correlators
Authors: Loganayagam R. , Rangamani Mukund , Virrueta Julio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a unified picture of open quantum systems, the theory of a system probing a noisy thermal environment, distilling lessons learnt from previous holographic analyses. Our treatment is applicable both when the system is coupled to short-lived (Markovian), and long-lived (non-Markovian) environmental degrees of freedom. The thermal environment is modeled using an asymptotically AdS black hole, and the systems of interest are simple probe field theories. The effective stochastic dynamics of the system is governed by real-time thermal correlators, which we compute using the gravitational Schwinger-Keldysh (grSK) geometry. We describe the structure of arbitrary tree-level contact and exchange Witten diagrams in the grSK geometry. In particular, we argue, that all such diagrams reduce to integrals supported on a single copy of the exterior of the black hole. The integrand is obtained as a multiple discontinuity of a function comprising ingoing boundary-bulk propagators, monodromy functions which appear as radial Boltzmann weights, and vertex factors. These results allow us to deduce the analytic structure of real-time thermal n-point functions in holographic CFTs. We illustrate the general statements by a two-dimensional toy model, dual to fields in the BTZ background, which we argue captures many of the essential features of generic open holographic QFTs.
An upper bound of the density for packing of congruent hyperballs in hyperbolic $$3-$$space
Authors: Szirmai Jenö 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Szirmai (Ars Math Contemp 16:349–358, 2019) we proved that to each saturated congruent hyperball packing there exists a decomposition of the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space$$\mathbb {H}^3$$H3into truncated tetrahedra. Therefore, in order to get a density upper bound for hyperball packings, it is sufficient to determine the density upper bound of hyperball packings in truncated simplices. In this paper we prove, using the above results and results of the papers Miyamoto (Topology 33(4): 613–629, 1994) and Szirmai (Mat Vesn 70(3): 211–221, 2018), that the density upper bound of the saturated congruent hyperball (hypersphere) packings related to the corresponding truncated tetrahedron cells is realized in regular truncated tetrahedra with density$$\approx 0.86338$$≈0.86338. Furthermore, we prove that the density of locally optimal congruent hyperball arrangement in a regular truncated tetrahedron is not a monotonically increasing function of the height (radius) of the corresponding optimal hyperball, unlike the ball (sphere) and horoball (horosphere) packings.