bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioconversion of retinol and its cell barrier function in human immortalized keratinocytes cells and artificial epidermis–dermis skin
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Eun , Kim Woo‐Hyun , Kim Sehyun , Na Yongjoo , Choi Joonho , Hong Yong‐deok , Park Won‐Seok , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to characterize cellular uptake and bioconversion of retinol in fully differentiated human immortalized keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) and artificial skin by measuring the cell integrity of skin barriers, time‐dependent transport of retinol, and bioconversion to its metabolites. The expression of epidermal differentiation related genes including Keratin 1 (KRT1), Keratin 10 (KRT10), and Involucrin (IVL) significantly increased in differentiated HaCaT. TEER of HaCaT did not decrease after incubating retinol compared to control (p > 0.05), indicating that retinol tends to maintain strength and integrity of epidermal barrier. TEER of artificial skin decreased treatment of retinol for 2 h, but it was recovered after 4 h. During retinol transport, metabolite was eluted at 13.37 and 13.82 min of basal medium of both keratinocytes and artificial skin, which was identified as retinoic acid by product ion of m/z 283.47. Retinol appeared to be accumulated in keratinocytes, but its uptake tends to be reduced in a time‐dependent manner. Retinoic acid converted from retinol in keratinocytes was time dependently transported. In case of artificial skin, retinol was mostly found in apical at initial incubation time, but it was reduced during incubation for 24 h. Retinoic acid was time‐dependently found in a basal, which was converted via epidermis–dermis. Results from the current study suggest that topical application of retinol to human skin optimal concentration and time exposure could maintain epidermal barrier function and promote skin function due to its remarkable bioconversion to retinoic acid in the epidermis–dermis.
Unintended consequences of climate‐adaptive fisheries management targets
Authors: Szuwalski Cody S. , Hollowed Anne B. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Ianelli James N. , Legault Christopher M. , Melnychuk Michael C. , Ovando Dan , Punt Andre E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change is projected to affect the productivity of global fisheries. Management based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been effective at eliminating overfishing in many regions. However, continuing to use yield‐maximizing targets under climate‐driven changes in productivity can result in higher anthropogenic pressure on populations subject to climate‐related stress than maintaining status quo management targets. We demonstrate this effect using a theoretical example and case studies from snow crab in the eastern Bering Sea and a global marine fisheries database. In these examples, the conservation gain (i.e. biomass in the ocean) of maintaining status quo management targets is larger than the small gain in harvest made through climate adaptation in MSY‐based management. The aggregate conservation gain of maintaining management targets increases as the harmful impacts of climate change on productivity worsen. Instead of climate‐adaptive MSY‐based targets, new management tools are needed to balance conservation and food production in ecosystems of populations displaying non‐stationary productivity.
Distinct responses and range shifts of lizard populations across an elevational gradient under climate change
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Wen , Ma Liang , Mi Chun‐Rong , Tao Shi‐Ang , Guo Fengyi , Du Wei‐Guo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOngoing climate change has profoundly affected global biodiversity, but its impacts on populations across elevations remain understudied. Using mechanistic niche models incorporating species traits, we predicted ecophysiological responses (activity times, oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) for lizard populations at high‐elevation (<3600 m asl) and extra‐high‐elevation (≥3600 m asl) under recent (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates. Compared with their high‐elevation counterparts, lizards from extra‐high‐elevation are predicted to experience a greater increase in activity time and oxygen consumption. By integrating these ecophysiological responses into hybrid species distribution models (HSDMs), we were able to make the following predictions under two warming scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP5‐8.5). By 2081–2100, we predict that lizards at both high‐ and extra‐high‐elevation will shift upslope; lizards at extra‐high‐elevation will gain more and lose less habitat than will their high‐elevation congeners. We therefore advocate the conservation of high‐elevation species in the context of climate change, especially for those populations living close to their lower elevational range limits. In addition, by comparing the results from HSDMs and traditional species distribution models, we highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation and local adaptation in physiological traits along elevational gradients when forecasting species' future distributions under climate change.
Whether including exotic species alters conservation prioritization: a case study in the Min River in southeastern China
Authors: Lin Li , Deng Wei‐De , Li Jin‐Tao , Kang Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConservation practices from the perspective of functional diversity (FD) and conservation prioritization need to account for the impacts of exotic species in freshwater ecosystems. This work first simulated the influence of exotic species on the values of FD in a schemed mechanistic model, and then a practical case study of conservation prioritization was performed in the Min River, the largest river in southeastern China, to discuss whether including exotic species alters prioritization. The mechanistic model revealed that exotic species significantly altered the expected FD if the number of exotic species occupied 2% of the community. Joint species distribution modelling indicated that the highest FD occurred in the west, northwest and north upstreams of the Min River. Values of FD in 64.69% of the basin decreased after the exotic species were removed from calculation. Conservation prioritization with the Zonation software proved that if first the habitats of exotic species were removed during prioritization, 62.75% of the highest prioritized areas were shifted, average species representation of the endemic species was improved and mean conservation efficiency was increased by 7.53%. Existence of exotic species will significantly alter the metrics of biodiversity and the solution for conservation prioritization, and negatively weighting exotic species in the scope of conservation prioritization is suggested to better protect endemic species. This work advocates a thorough estimate of the impacts of exotic species on FD and conservation prioritization, providing complementary evidence for conservation biology and valuable implications for local freshwater fish conservation.
Identification and genomic characterization of Baculovirus penaei in Litopenaeus vannamei in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Han , Chang Yen‐Chen , Chang Chia‐Yu , Chang Hui‐Wen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBaculovirus penaei (BP), the causative agent of tetrahedral baculovirosis, causes the death of penaeid genera at the larval and post‐larval stages. BP has been reported in the Western Pacific, South‐East Atlantic, and the State of Hawaii, but never in Asia. The clinical features of BP infection are non‐specific, and diagnosis relies on histological and molecular methods. In the present study, we report the first identification of BP infection in a shrimp farm in Northern Taiwan in 2022. Histopathologically, several tetrahedral eosinophilic intranuclear occlusion bodies were observed in or budding out of the nuclei of the degenerative hepatopancreatic cells. In situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction confirmed tetrahedral baculovirosis infection caused by BP. Sequence alignment of the TW BP‐1 with the USA BP strain reported in 1995 revealed 94.81% identity in the partial gene. The possibility of the emergence of USA‐like BP in Taiwan highlights the importance of further epidemiological investigations on the prevalence and impact of BP in Asia.
Deneddylating enzyme SENP8 regulates neuronal development
Authors: Song Jae‐man , Kang Minji , Lee Seungha , Kim Jungho , Park Sunha , Park Da‐ha , Lee Sanghyeon , Suh Young Ho 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeddylation is a cellular process in which the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down‐regulated 8 (NEDD8) is conjugated to the lysine residue of target proteins via serial enzymatic cascades. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neddylation is required for synaptic clustering of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), and the inhibition of neddylation impairs neurite outgrowth and excitatory synaptic maturation. Similar to the balanced role of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) in the ubiquitination process, we hypothesized that deneddylating enzymes can regulate neuronal development by counteracting the process of neddylation. We find that the SUMO peptidase family member, NEDD8 specific (SENP8) acts as a key neuronal deneddylase targeting the global neuronal substrates in primary rat cultured neurons. We demonstrate that SENP8 expression levels are developmentally regulated, peaking around the first postnatal week and gradually diminishing in mature brain and neurons. We find that SENP8 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth through multiple pathways, including actin dynamics, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and autophagic processes. Alterations in neurite outgrowth by SENP8 subsequently result in the impairment of excitatory synapse maturation. Our data indicate that SENP8 plays an essential role in neuronal development and is a promising therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders.image
Oleanolic acid regulates the proliferation and extracellular matrix of keloid fibroblasts by mediating the TGF‐β1/SMAD signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Yinli , Wang Dongming , Yuan Xinghua , Jin Zhehu , Pi Longquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundKeloid (KD) is a unique pathological fibroproliferative disease that seriously affects the appearance of patients. This study investigated the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related proteins.MethodsThe proliferation of KFs was evaluated using an MTT assay. The effects of OA on intra‐ and extracellular levels of fibronectin (FN), procollagen I, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were evaluated using Western blotting. To simulate the KD microenvironment, TGF‐β1 was added to the serum‐free culture medium, and KFs were incubated with TGF‐β1 and OA for 24 h. The intra‐ and extracellular levels of the ECM‐related proteins and the effect of OA on TGF‐β1‐induced phosphorylation of the SMAD2 and SMAD3 proteins were evaluated using Western blotting.ResultsOA inhibited the proliferation of KFs in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, OA treatment of KFs reduced the intra‐ and extracellular levels of FN, procollagen I, and α‐SMA and increased those of MMP‐1. OA also reduced TGF‐β1‐induced increases in the intra‐ and extracellular levels of FN, procollagen I, and α‐SMA and increased the levels of the MMP‐1 protein. Additionally, OA significantly reduced TGF‐β1‐induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in KFs.ConclusionsOA inhibited KF proliferation and reduced ECM deposition through the TGF‐β1/SMAD pathway, which suggests that OA may be an effective drug for the prevention and treatment of KD.
HLA‐DQ2 is associated with anti‐drug antibody formation to infliximab in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Brun Marthe Kirkesæther , Bjørlykke Kristin Hammersbøen , Viken Marte K. , Stenvik Grethe‐Elisabeth , Klaasen Rolf A. , Gehin Johanna E. , Warren David John , Sexton Joseph , Sandanger Øystein , Kvien Tore K. , Mørk Cato , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Jahnsen Jørgen , Goll Guro Løvik , Lie Benedicte A. , Bolstad Nils , Jørgensen Kristin Kaasen , Syversen Silje Watterdal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmunogenicity to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is a significant clinical problem leading to treatment failure and adverse events. The study aimed to assess human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with anti‐drug antibody (ADAb) formation to infliximab.MethodsImmune‐mediated inflammatory disease patients on infliximab therapy (n = 612) were included. Neutralising ADAb were assessed with a drug‐sensitive assay. Next generation sequencing‐based HLA typing was performed.ResultsOverall, 147 (24%) patients developed ADAb. Conditional analyses indicated HLA‐DQB1 (p = 1.4 × 10−6) as a primary risk locus. Highest risk of ADAb was seen when carrying at least one of the HLA‐DQ2 haplotypes; DQB1*02:01–DQA1*05:01 or DQB1*02:02–DQA1*02:01 (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.15–4.69 and p = 5.9 × 10−9). Results were consistent across diseases and when adjusting for concomitant immunomodulator. Computational predictions indicated that these HLA‐DQ2 haplotypes bind to peptide motifs from infliximab light chain.ConclusionA genome‐wide significant association between two HLA‐DQ2 haplotypes and the risk of ADAb formation to infliximab was identified, suggesting that HLA‐DQ2 testing may facilitate personalised treatment decisions.
Socioeconomic Differences in the Association Between Bullying Behaviors and Mental Health in Canadian Adolescents
Authors: Yokoji Kana , Hammami Nour , Elgar Frank J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBullying and poverty are each associated with poor health in adolescents. We examined socioeconomic differences in the association of bullying and health.METHODSThe 2017/2018 Canadian Health Behaviour of School‐aged Children study surveyed 21,750 youth (9‐18 years). We used linear regression models to investigate interactive effects of bullying involvement (traditional and cyberbullying) and socioeconomic position (SEP) on self‐reported life satisfaction, psychological symptoms, and physical symptoms.RESULTSInvolvement in either form of bullying, as a perpetrator or a target, was associated with worse health and well‐being compared to uninvolved youths. Associations of victimization via conventional bullying with low life satisfaction (b = −.33 [−.61, .05]), more psychological symptoms (b = .83 [.27, 1.38]), and more somatic symptoms (b = .56 [.14, .98]) were stronger at lower SEP.CONCLUSIONSocioeconomic disadvantage intensifies the association between bullying victimization and poor health. The intersections of victimization and poverty pose a significant health risk to adolescents.
Evolutionary origin and establishment of a dioecious diploid‐tetraploid complex
Authors: He Li , Guo Fei‐Yi , Cai Xin‐Jie , Chen Hong‐Pu , Lian Chun‐Lan , Wang Yuan , Shang Ce , Zhang Yue , Wagner Natascha Dorothea , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Hörandl Elvira , Wang Xiao‐Ru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolyploids recurrently emerge in angiosperms, but most polyploids are likely to go extinct before establishment due to minority cytotype exclusion, which may be specifically a constraint for dioecious plants. Here we test the hypothesis that a stable sex‐determination system and spatial/ecological isolation facilitate the establishment of dioecious polyploids. We determined the ploidy levels of 351 individuals from 28 populations of the dioecious species Salix polyclona, and resequenced 190 individuals of S. polyclona and related taxa for genomic diversity analyses. The ploidy survey revealed a frequency 52% of tetraploids in S. polyclona, and genomic k‐mer spectra analyses suggested an autopolyploid origin for them. Comparisons of diploid male and female genomes identified a female heterogametic sex‐determining factor on chromosome 15, which probably also acts in the dioecious tetraploids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two diploid clades and a separate clade/grade of tetraploids with a distinct geographic distribution confined to western and central China, where complex mountain systems create higher levels of environmental heterogeneity. Fossil‐calibrated phylogenies showed that the polyploids emerged during 7.6–2.3 million years ago, and population demographic histories largely matched the geological and climatic history of the region. Our results suggest that inheritance of the sex‐determining system from the diploid progenitor as intrinsic factor and spatial isolation as extrinsic factor may have facilitated the preservation and establishment of polyploid dioecious populations.
The evolution of early‐life telomere length, pace‐of‐life and telomere‐chromosome length dynamics in birds
Authors: Pepke Michael Le , Ringsby Thor Harald , Eisenberg Dan T. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTelomeres, the short DNA sequences that protect chromosome ends, are an ancient molecular structure, which is highly conserved across most eukaryotes. Species differ in their telomere lengths, but the causes of this variation are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that mean early‐life telomere length is an evolutionary labile trait across 57 bird species (representing 35 families in 12 orders) with the greatest trait diversity found among passerines. Among these species, telomeres are significantly shorter in fast‐lived than in slow‐lived species, suggesting that telomere length may have evolved to mediate trade‐offs between physiological requirements underlying the diversity of pace‐of‐life strategies in birds. This association was attenuated when excluding studies that may include interstitial telomeres in the estimation of mean telomere length. Curiously, within some species, larger individual chromosome size predicts longer telomere lengths on that chromosome, leading to the hypothesis that telomere length also covaries with chromosome length across species. We show that longer mean chromosome length or genome size tends to be associated with longer mean early‐life telomere length (measured across all chromosomes) within a phylogenetic framework constituting up to 31 bird species. These associations were strengthened when excluding highly influential outliers. However, sensitivity analyses suggested that they were susceptible to sample size effects and not robust to the exclusion of studies that may include interstitial telomeres. Combined, our analyses generalize patterns previously found within a few species and provide potential adaptive explanations for the 10‐fold variation in telomere lengths observed among birds.
Bahrain's Vision in the New Gulf Order
Authors: Bani Salameh Mohammed Torki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven the perception of a US pullback from its commitments in the Middle East, a small state like Bahrain must develop a new vision of how to protect itself. This article analyzes Bahrain's strategy, focusing on three circles. The first, its internal circle, is complicated by the country's heterogeneity. Second, the Gulf circle entails cooperation among Bahrain's neighbors, though that has been historically difficult to achieve. The third circle is international, with Bahrain's seeking bilateral agreements with countries like the United States, China, Britain, and France. It is this circle on which Bahrain will continue to rely, and it is likely to bandwagon, allying with the most powerful players in the region.
On the inseparability of reasoning and virtue: Madame de Maintenon's Maison royale de Saint‐Louis
Authors: Shapiro Lisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper engages with the curriculum at Madame de Maintenon's school for girls at Saint‐Cyr to raise and address a set of questions: What is it to teach someone to reason? The curricular materials of Saint‐Cyr suggest that learning to reason is a matter of practice. How is one to distinguish autonomous reason giving from habituation or automatic trained responses? How can practices in reason giving informed by social mores have objective validity? Moreover, if we think of the role of a philosopher as the cultivation of rational faculties and recognize that how this role is played is bound up with social norms, by what standards ought we to evaluate whether a philosophical educator is good or bad? Intertwined with the discussion is also a question about the limits of philosophy for the question.
Beyond Methods: A Model for Teaching Theory in Applied Anthropology
Authors: Hayes Lauren , Jung Yuson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRising numbers of anthropology majors are entering sectors in industry, in which qualitative data analysis skills and theoretical thinking are essential. Yet, a disciplinary divide between theoretical and applied approaches in anthropology and a market for commodified method skills often present challenges to teaching theory in the applied anthropology classroom. Our study is based upon the successful implementation of a three‐phase qualitative data analysis model—Reduce, Visualize, Draw Conclusions, and Verify—developed by Miles and Huberman and Ladner, in a series of anthropology graduate practicum courses at Wayne State University (2017–21), in which students worked with corporate clients from Chevrolet, Nissan, and D‐Ford. Our findings highlight the integral role of theory to the academic and practicing research process and provide a template for other practicum‐based classes to teach analysis.
Major mixed motility disorders: An important subset of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Leopold Andrew R. , Jalalian Aria , Thaker Parth , Wellington Jennifer , Papademetriou Marianna , Xie Guofeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by a lack of relaxation of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), with preserved esophageal body peristalsis. We propose new terminology for the coexistence of EGJOO with hypercontractile esophagus and distal esophageal spasm as a major mixed motility disorder (MMMD), and normal peristalsis or a minor disorder of peristalsis such as ineffective esophageal motility with EGJOO as isolated or ineffective EGJOO (IEGJOO).MethodsWe reviewed prior diagnoses of EGJOO, stratified diagnoses as IEGJOO or MMMD, and compared their symptomatic presentations, high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) metrics, and treatment responses at 2–6 months of follow‐up.ResultsOut of a total of 821 patients, 142 met CCv3 criteria for EGJOO. Twenty‐two were confirmed by CCv4 and EndoFLIP as having EGJOO and were clinically managed. Thirteen had MMMD, and nine had IEGJOO. Groups had no difference in demographic data or presenting symptoms by Eckardt score (ES). HRM showed MMMD had greater distal contractile integral, frequency of hypercontractile swallows, and frequency of spastic swallows, and greater DI by EndoFLIP. Patients with MMMD showed greater reduction in symptoms after LES‐directed intervention when measured by ES compared with IEGJOO (7.2 vs. 4.0).ConclusionPatients with MMMD and IEGJOO present similarly. Detectable differences in HRM portend different responses to endoscopic therapy. Because patients with MMMD have greater short‐term prognosis, they should be considered a different diagnostic classification to guide therapy.