Effect of Planting Date and Spraying with Nutrients Containing Amino Acids in the Growth and Production of Dry Onions and the Production of its Seeds
Authors: Al-Shammari Nihad Ahmed Hassan , Al-Obeidi Hamid Salih Hammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering / University of Diyala in order to study the effect of planting date and spraying with nutrients containing amino acids on the growth and production of dry onions and the production of its seeds. The experiment included two factors, the first planting date: 1/12, 21/12, 7/1 and 1/2, and the second factor was spraying with nutrients containing amino acids, namely: without spraying, spraying with Tecamin Max and spraying with Ascophila. And spray with Amino Quelant-K. The experiment included sixteen treatments with three replications, so the total experimental units became forty-eight experimental units. The split plot design (R.C.B.D) was used, and the results were analyzed statistically using the SAS statistical program, and the results were compared using Duncan’s multiple test at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed the superiority of the plants grown in the first date (1/12) in the characteristics of vegetative growth represented by plant height (76.69 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (14.30 leaf−1), compared to date 1/2, which reached 42.17 cm, and 8.27 leaf−1, respectively. The same treatment also excelled in yield characteristics, represented by the average bulb weight (90.57 gm) and the total yield of bulbs (35.29 tons ha−1), compared to date 1/2, which amounted to 51.58 g and 19.92 tons ha−1, respectively. The same treatment also excelled in the characteristics of the seed yield represented by the seed yield of one plant (5.05 g) and the total seed yield (2055.7 kg ha−1), compared to date 1/2, which amounted to 2.83 g and 1106.8 kg ha−1, respectively. As for spraying with amino nutrients, the results showed that there was a significant superiority when spraying with the amino nutrient Tecamin Max in the vegetative growth characteristics represented by plant height (73.32 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (13.75 leaf−1), compared to 54.42 cm and 9.72 leaf−1, respectively. It also excelled in yield characteristics represented by the average bulb weight (84.17 gm) and the total yield of bulbs (32.85 ton ha−1), compared to a comparison whose values were low to 60.07 gm and 23.40 ton ha−1, respectively. It also excelled in the characteristics of the seed yield, represented by the seed yield of one plant (5.07 g) and the total seed yield (2060.7 kg ha−1), compared to 3.10 g and 1212.3 kg ha−1, respectively. The effect of the interaction between planting date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max on the characteristics of vegetative growth, as the interaction gave a significant increase in plant height (87.26 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (16.70 leaf plant−1) compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 37.87 cm and 7.30 leaf in order, as well as the effect of the interaction between the sowing date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max on yield characteristics, as the interaction gave a significant increase in the average bulb weight (105.0 g) and the total yield of bulbs (40.67 tons ha−1) compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 50 g and 18.96 tons ha−1, respectively. The same treatment also outperformed the seed yield of one plant (6.12 g) and the total seed yield (2692.8 kg ha−1), compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 2.56 g and 1001.2 kg ha−1, respectively.