bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping heart failure by nuclear imaging of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and molecular targets
Authors: Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani , Bengel Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Combined imaging of myocardial perfusion and metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischaemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. High sensitivity of nuclear imaging to detect targeted tracers has enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure. Nuclear imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition is incorporated into clinical management algorithms of cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well-documented prognostic value with respect to heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Emerging tracers specific for inflammation and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of adverse left ventricular remodelling. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from broad medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive failure. This review outlines the current status of nuclear imaging in phenotyping heart failure and combines it with discussion on novel developments.
Burden of cardiovascular disease among elderly: based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Qu Chunrun , Liao Sheng , Zhang Jingdan , Cao Hui , Zhang Hao , Zhang Nan , Yan Luzhe , Cui Gaoyuan , Luo Peng , Zhang Qingwei , Cheng Quan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The burden of elderly cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received increasing attention with population ageing worldwide.

Aims
We reported on the global CVD burden in elderly individuals over 70, 1990–2019.

Methods and results
Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, elderly CVD burden data were analysed. Temporal burden trends were analysed with the joinpoint model. The slope index and concentration index were used to evaluate health inequality. From 1990 to 2019, the global elderly CVD incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life year rates generally decreased. However, the current burden remains high. The rapid growth in burden in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia is a cause for concern. Countries with a higher socio-demographic index (SDI) have generally seen a greater decrease in burden, while countries with a lower SDI have generally experienced increases or smaller declines in burden. Health inequality analysis confirmed that the burden was gradually concentrating towards countries with a low SDI. Among the different CVDs, ischaemic heart disease causes the greatest burden in elderly individuals. Most CVD burdens increase with age, but stroke and peripheral vascular disease show markedly different distributional characteristics. In addition, the burden of hypertensive heart disease shows an unusual shift towards high-SDI countries. High systolic blood pressure was consistently the leading risk factor for CVD among elderly individuals.

Conclusion
The burden of CVD in older people remains severe and generally tends to shift to lower-SDI countries. Policymakers need to take targeted measures to reduce its harm.
Family screening for bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilatation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bray Jonathan J H , Freer Rosie , Pitcher Alex , Kharbanda Rajesh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
International guidelines recommend screening of first-degree relatives (FDR) of people with bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs). However, the prevalence of BAV and of aortic dilatation amongst family members is uncertain.

Methods and results
A systematic review and meta-analysis of original reports of screening for BAV. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to December 2021 using relevant search terms. Data were sought on the screened prevalence of BAV and aortic dilatation. The protocol was specified prior to the searches being performed, and standard meta-analytic techniques were used. Twenty-three observational studies met inclusion criteria (n = 2297 index cases; n = 6054 screened relatives). The prevalence of BAV amongst relatives was 7.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1%–8.6%] overall and per family was 23.6% (95% CI 18.1%–29.5%). The prevalence of aortic dilatation amongst relatives was 9.4% (95% CI 5.7%–13.9%). Whilst the prevalence of aortic dilatation was particularly high in relatives with BAV (29.2%; 95% CI 15.3%–45.1%), aortic dilatation alongside tricuspid aortic valves was a more frequent finding, as there were many more family members with tricuspid valves than BAV. The prevalence estimate amongst relatives with tricuspid valves (7.0%; 95% CI 3.2%–12.0%) was higher than reported in the general population.

Conclusion
Screening family members of people with BAV can identify a cohort substantially enriched for the presence of bicuspid valve, aortic enlargement, or both. The implications for screening programmes are discussed, including in particular the substantial current uncertainties regarding the clinical implications of aortic findings.
PCI or CABG for left main coronary artery disease: the SWEDEHEART registry
Authors: Persson Jonas , Yan Jacinth , Angerås Oskar , Venetsanos Dimitrios , Jeppsson Anders , Sjögren Iwar , Linder Rikard , Erlinge David , Ivert Torbjörn , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
An observational nationwide all-comers prospective register study to analyse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease.

Methods and results
All patients undergoing coronary angiography in Sweden are registered in the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry. Between 01/01/2005 and 12/31/2015, 11 137 patients with LMCA disease underwent CABG (n = 9364) or PCI (n = 1773). Patients with previous CABG, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac shock were excluded. Death, MI, stroke, and new revascularization during follow-up until 12/31/2015 were identified using national registries. Cox regression with inverse probability weighting (IPW) and an instrumental variable (IV), administrative region, were used. Patients undergoing PCI were older, had higher prevalence of comorbidity but lower prevalence of three-vessel disease. PCI patients had higher mortality than CABG patients after adjustments for known cofounders with IPW analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–2.7]) and known/unknown confounders with IV analysis (HR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1–2.0]). PCI was associated with higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; death, MI, stroke, or new revascularization) than CABG, with IV analysis (HR 2.8 [95% CI 1.8–4.5]). There was a quantitative interaction for diabetic status regarding mortality (P = 0.014) translating into 3.6 years (95% CI 3.3–4.0) longer median survival time favouring CABG in patients with diabetes.

Conclusion
In this non-randomized study, CABG in patients with LMCA disease was associated with lower mortality and fewer MACCE compared to PCI after multivariable adjustment for known and unknown confounders.
‘Snapshot’ cohort study design across multi-site research settings: challenges, strategies, and solutions
Authors: Tankumpuan Thitipong , Kruahong Suratsawadee , Benjasirisan Chitchanok , Davidson Patricia M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multi-site research studies redefine cohort studies by simultaneously providing a cross-sectional snapshot of patients and monitoring them over time, to evaluate outcomes. However, careful design is crucial to minimize potential biases, such as seasonal variations, that may arise during the study period. Addressing snapshot study challenges requires strategic solutions: implementing multi-stage sampling for representativeness, providing rigorous data collection training, using translation techniques and content validation for cultural and linguistic appropriateness, streamlining ethical approval processes, and applying comprehensive data management for follow-up and missing data. These strategies can optimize the efficacy and ethicality of snapshot studies.
Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionized water quality analysis yet?
Authors: Demeter Katalin , Linke Rita , Ballesté Elisenda , Reischer Georg , Mayer René E , Vierheilig Julia , Kolm Claudia , Stevenson Margaret E , Derx Julia , Kirschner Alexander K T , Sommer Regina , Shanks Orin C , Blanch Anicet R , Rose Joan B , Ahmed Warish , Farnleitner Andreas H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe impacts of nucleic acid-based methods - such as PCR and sequencing - to detect and analyze indicators, genetic markers or molecular signatures of microbial faecal pollution in health-related water quality research were assessed by rigorous literature analysis. A wide range of application areas and study designs has been identified since the first application more than 30 years ago (&gt;1100 publications). Given the consistency of methods and assessment types, we suggest defining this emerging part of science as a new discipline: genetic faecal pollution diagnostics (GFPD) in health-related microbial water quality analysis. Undoubtedly, GFPD has already revolutionized faecal pollution detection (i.e., traditional or alternative general faecal indicator/marker analysis) and microbial source tracking (i.e., host-associated faecal indicator/marker analysis), the current core applications. GFPD is also expanding to many other research areas, including infection and health risk assessment, evaluation of microbial water treatment, and support of wastewater surveillance. In addition, storage of DNA extracts allows for biobanking, which opens up new perspectives. The tools of GFPD can be combined with cultivation-based standardized faecal indicator enumeration, pathogen detection, and various environmental data types, in an integrated data analysis approach. This comprehensive meta-analysis provides the scientific status quo of this field, including trend analyses and literature statistics, outlining identified application areas, and discusses the benefits and challenges of nucleic acid-based analysis in GFPD.
Microbiota and fungal-bacterial interactions in the cystic fibrosis lung
Authors: Santos-Fernandez Eneko , Martin-Souto Leire , Antoran Aitziber , Areitio Maialen , Aparicio-Fernandez Leire , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Schwarz Carsten , Rementeria Aitor , Buldain Idoia , Ramirez-Garcia Andoni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe most common genetic hereditary disease affecting Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (CF), which is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the CFTR gene. The most serious consequence is the production of a thick and sticky mucus in the respiratory tract, which entraps airborne microorganisms and facilitates colonization, inflammation and infection. Therefore, the present article compiles the information about the microbiota and, particularly, the inter-kingdom fungal-bacterial interactions in the CF lung, the molecules involved and the potential effects that these interactions may have on the course of the disease. Among the bacterial compounds, quorum sensing-regulated molecules such as homoserine lactones, phenazines, rhamnolipids, quinolones and siderophores (pyoverdine and pyochelin) stand out, but volatile organic compounds, maltophilin and CF-related bacteriophages are also explained. These molecules exhibit diverse antifungal mechanisms, including iron starvation and induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. The fungal compounds are less studied, but they include cell wall components, siderophores, patulin and farnesol. Despite the apparent competition between microorganisms, the persistence of significant rates of bacterial-fungal co-colonization in CF suggests that numerous variables influence it. In conclusion, it is crucial to increase scientific and economic efforts to intensify studies on the bacterial-fungal inter-kingdom interactions in the CF lung.
Supporting Persons With Dementia: Perspectives From Certified Nurse’s Assistants
Authors: Dokos Malinda , Schultz Rebecka , Gossner Jacob D , Fauth Elizabeth B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Many persons with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) receive care from paid staff in residential communities. The most common staff in these communities are certified nursing assistants (CNAs). Although CNAs have a high number of interactions with residents, and thus the possibility of engaging in social interactions, evidence suggests that they provide limited social support to persons with ADRD. Little is known about the attitudes of CNAs toward providing social support to persons with ADRD and their perception of components of quality social interactions with these individuals.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 11 CNAs (91% female participants, mean age 23.6) to understand their perceptions about providing social support to persons with ADRD and the components of effective social interactions.

Results
Our results show that CNAs consider providing social support to be an important part of their role as CNAs. Additionally, participants emphasized the interplay of verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and internal beliefs and attitudes toward persons with ADRD in creating effective social interactions. Participants highlighted multiple barriers to providing residents with social support, including lack of time, lack of training, and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Discussion and Implications
We offer implications for expanding training for CNAs working with persons with dementia and improving policy based on our results.
Facial Trustworthiness Influences Age Differences in Visual Attention Toward Credible Versus Non-credible Messages
Authors: Fung Nicole Long Ki , Fung Helene H , Chu Li , Gong Xianmin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The literature on consumer decision-making and aging suggests that older adults make less optimal buying decisions than younger adults do, partly because older adults tend to perceive salespersons’ faces as more trustworthy. This study aims to directly test the difference in the effect of perceived facial trustworthiness on buying intention between younger and older adults. It also aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms of this age-related difference by testing whether a more trustworthy face disrupts older adults’ attention toward credible (vs. non-credible) information to a higher degree compared with younger adults.

Research Design and Methods
A sample of 92 younger (aged 18–37 years) and 83 older (aged 60–82 years) adults viewed advertisements for 32 products while their eye movements were captured by an eye tracker to measure their fixation duration (as an indicator of attention). The advertisements varied in terms of the credibility of the content and the trustworthiness of the salesperson’s face.

Results
Both age groups showed higher buying intentions for products featured in advertisements with higher credibility and facial trustworthiness. When facial trustworthiness was lower, both age groups showed greater attentional preferences for credible over non-credible content. However, this distinction in attention disappeared in older but not younger adults with an increase in facial trustworthiness.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings suggest that although facial trustworthiness generally increases buying intention of both younger and older adults, it only reduces older (but not younger) adults’ attentional discrimination between credible and non-credible content. This paper offers a novel and promising mechanism for the increase in fraud vulnerability in late adulthood.
En echelon faults reactivated by wastewater disposal near Musreau Lake, Alberta
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Park Yongsoo , Aguilar Suarez Albert Leonardo , Ellsworth William L , Beroza Gregory C 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
We use machine-learning and cross-correlation techniques to enhance earthquake detectability by two magnitude units for the earthquake sequence near Musreau Lake, Alberta, which is induced by wastewater disposal. This deep catalogue reveals a series of en echelon ∼N–S oriented strike-slip faults that are favourably oriented for reactivation. These faults require only ∼0.6 MPa overpressure for triggering to occur. Earthquake activity occurs in bursts, or episodes; episodes restricted to the largest fault tend to have earthquakes starting near the southern end (distant from injectors) and progressing northwards (towards the injectors). While most events are concentrated along these ∼N–S oriented faults, we also delineate smaller faults. Together, these findings suggest pore pressure as the triggering mechanism, where a time-dependent increase in pore pressure likely caused these faults to progressively reawaken. Analysis of the ‘next record-breaking event’, a statistical model that forecasts the sequencing of earthquake magnitudes, suggests that the next largest event would be ML ∼4.3. The seismically illuminated length of the largest fault indicates potential magnitudes as large as Mw 5.3.
Finite-element modelling of seismoelectric and electroseismic waves in frequency domain: 2-D SHTE mode
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Gao Yongxin , Zhou Guanqun , Tong Ping , Cheng Qianli , Yao Cheng , Bai Xiaodong 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYWe propose a frequency-domain finite-element (FDFE) method to simulate the 2-D SHTE mode seismoelectric and electroseismic waves. By neglecting the secondary weak wavefield feedbacks, the SH and TE waves are solved, separately. In a finite plane region, propagations of both SH and TE waves can be described as the Helmholtz equation with boundary conditions, which is proved to be equivalent to the extremum of functional by conducting calculus of variation. The computation region is partitioned into structured rectangular elements with the bilinear interpolation. The proposed FDFE algorithm solves the wavefield in frequency domain and avoids adopting the quasi-static approximation. One advantage of the proposed algorithm is its ability to accurately simulate the seismoelectric and electroseismic responses generated from the free surface. We verify the proposed algorithm based on a layered model beneath a free surface by comparing the waveforms calculated using the FDFE algorithm with those calculated using analytically-based method. The proposed algorithm is applied in feasibility studies of interface seismoelectric and electroseismic responses in exploring the hydrocarbon reservoir and monitoring the time-lapse pollutant within a sand channel.
Professionals’ Perspectives on Substance Use among Refugees in Shared Accommodations: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lorenz Miriam Hedwig , Ensle Anja , Taggert Julia , Uricher Jonathan , Heidenreich Thomas , Laging Marion 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Refugees are at a higher risk of hazardous substance use due to their traumatic experiences in their country of origin, their flight, and the difficult situation of arriving in the host country. The professionals interviewed in this study describe both the heightened vulnerability and the circumstances refugees live in after arriving in Germany. Evidence was collected by interviewing five professionals who work for and with refugees in the context of a qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with a semistructured interview guideline and analyzed for thematic content. Based on the interview data, the authors identified risk factors for hazardous substance use and possible solutions to improve the situation in shared accommodations for refugees and asylum seekers who see substance use as a resource for coping. In addition, existing barriers impede refugees from finding prevention measures and intervention programs. There is a need for specialized addiction aid with culturally appropriate programs and preventive measures to reach refugees who live in shared accommodations in Germany. Furthermore, interdisciplinary cooperation in the areas of addiction aid, refugee support, and mental healthcare should be improved.
Optimal period of smoking cessation to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in lung cancer
Authors: Shigeeda Wataru , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tomoyasu Makoto , Kaneko Yuka , Yoshimura Ryuichi , Iwai Hidenobu , Kanno Hironaga , Kudo Satoshi , Takahashi Fumiaki , Saito Hajime 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) provoke an extended hospital stay and increased postoperative mortality. Although several factors can cause PPCs, smoking is the only factor that can be adjusted within a short period of time preoperatively. However, the optimal period of smoking cessation to reduce the risk of PPCs remains unclear.

METHODS
A total of 1260 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent radical pulmonary resection between January 2010 and December 2021 were analysed retrospectively.

RESULTS
We classified patients into 2 groups: non-smokers (patients who had never smoked) and smokers (patients who had ever smoked). The frequency of PPCs was 3.3% in non-smokers and 9.7% in smokers. PPCs were significantly less frequent in non-smokers than in smokers (P &lt; 0.001). When smokers were classified according to the duration of smoking cessation, the frequency of PPCs was significantly lower for a duration of 6 weeks or more than for &lt;6 weeks (P &lt; 0.001). In a propensity score analysis performed for 6 or &gt;6 and &lt;6 weeks’ smoking cessation in smokers, the frequency of PPCs was significantly lower for smokers with 6 or more weeks’ smoking cessation than for smokers with &lt;6 weeks’ smoking cessation (P = 0.002). A multivariable analysis identified &lt;6 weeks’ smoking cessation as a significant predictor of PPCs for smokers (odds ratio: 4.55, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Smoking cessation for 6 or more weeks preoperatively significantly reduced the frequency of PPCs.