bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-Centric Multimodal Machine Learning: Recent Advances and Testbed on AI-Based Recruitment
Authors: Peña Alejandro , Serna Ignacio , Morales Aythami , Fierrez Julian , Ortega Alfonso , Herrarte Ainhoa , Alcantara Manuel , Ortega-Garcia Javier 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of decision-making algorithms in society is rapidly increasing nowadays, while concerns about their transparency and the possibility of these algorithms becoming new sources of discrimination are arising. There is a certain consensus about the need to develop AI applications with a Human-Centric approach. Human-Centric Machine Learning needs to be developed based on four main requirements: (i) utility and social good; (ii) privacy and data ownership; (iii) transparency and accountability; and (iv) fairness in AI-driven decision-making processes. All these four Human-Centric requirements are closely related to each other. With the aim of studying how current multimodal algorithms based on heterogeneous sources of information are affected by sensitive elements and inner biases in the data, we propose a fictitious case study focused on automated recruitment: FairCVtest. We train automatic recruitment algorithms using a set of multimodal synthetic profiles including image, text, and structured data, which are consciously scored with gender and racial biases. FairCVtest shows the capacity of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) behind automatic recruitment tools built this way (a common practice in many other application scenarios beyond recruitment) to extract sensitive information from unstructured data and exploit it in combination to data biases in undesirable (unfair) ways. We present an overview of recent works developing techniques capable of removing sensitive information and biases from the decision-making process of deep learning architectures, as well as commonly used databases for fairness research in AI. We demonstrate how learning approaches developed to guarantee privacy in latent spaces can lead to unbiased and fair automatic decision-making process. Our methodology and results show how to generate fairer AI-based tools in general, and in particular fairer automated recruitment systems.
Numerical modeling of cyclic softening/hardening behavior of carbon steels from low- to high-cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Fincato R. , Yonezawa T. , Tsutsumi S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the stress–strain behavior of three construction steels (SM490, SM570, and F18B) through both experimental and numerical investigations. The material performance was evaluated by conducting tests on round bar specimens subjected to monotonic, fatigue, and incremental step fully reversed loading conditions. The experimental campaign was conducted to provide valuable information on the mechanical performances of the steels and data for calibrating the material constants required for numerical analyses. The numerical simulations aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed unconventional plasticity model, the Fatigue SS model (FSS), in describing the non-linear behavior of the materials under a broad range of loading conditions, including stress states below and beyond the macroscopic yield condition. This aspect is a significant advantage of the FSS model, as conventional elastoplastic theories fail to provide a phenomenological description of inelastic material deformation under stress states within the yield condition. The good agreement between the experimental and numerical results confirms the validity of the calibration of the material constants and the reliability of the computational approach.
Investigation of carbon emission in slurry shield tunnel construction based on modified process analysis method
Authors: Li Wuxue , Kou Lei , He Xiaoyu , Wang Yibo , Shi Xiaodong , Liang Huiyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderground engineering, including shield tunnel construction, is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide emissions in infrastructure engineering projects. To better predict and control the carbon emissions associated with shield tunnel construction, this paper presents a novel calculation method: the modified process analysis method based on input-output and process analysis methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a specific shield tunnel construction project was selected as a case study. The modified process analysis method was used to analyze the various factors that influence carbon emissions during the project’s construction phase. In addition, a neural network approach was applied to validate the accuracy of the calculation using the LSTM and BP neural network. The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only combines the strengths of traditional methods but also offers high accuracy and acceptable error rates. Based on these findings, several measures to reduce carbon emissions during shield tunnel construction are suggested, providing valuable insights for reducing CO2 emissions associated with infrastructure engineering projects. This study highlights the importance of adopting innovative approaches to reduce carbon emissions and promotes the implementation of sustainable practices in the construction industry. Through the use of advanced analytical methods, such as the proposed modified process analysis method, we can effectively mitigate the environmental impact of construction activities and make significant contributions to the global effort to combat climate change.
Gender and Policing in Early Modern England
Authors: Miller Jonah 
Published: June 2023

This book traces the beginnings of a shift from one model of gendered power to another. Over the course of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, traditional practices of local government by heads of household began to be undermined by new legal ideas about what it meant to hold office. In London, this enabled the emergence of a new kind of officeholding and a new kind of policing, rooted in a fraternal culture of official masculinity. London officers arrested, searched, and sometimes assaulted people on the basis of gendered suspicions, especially poorer women. Gender and Policing in Early Modern England describes how a recognisable form of gendered policing emerged from practices of local government by patriarchs and addresses wider questions about the relationship between gender and the state.
Understanding men’s beliefs and concerns about linking health data in the context of precision medicine
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Jefferson Melanie , Magwood Gayenell , Melvin Cathy , Babatunde Oluwole Adeyemi , Halbert Chanita Hughes 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background/Objective:
Linking data is a critical feature of precision medicine initiatives that involves integrating information from multiple sources to improve researchers’ and clinicians’ ability to deliver care. We have limited understanding of how individuals perceive linking data as it relates to precision medicine. The aim of this study was to identify how sociodemographics, comorbidities, and beliefs about precision medicine influence two outcomes related to linking data: beliefs about linking data and concerns about linking data among men.

Methods:
We recruited 124 adult men from primary care practices at a large clinical research university to complete a cross-sectional survey that included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, beliefs, benefits, and limitations of precision medicine, and two outcomes of interest: beliefs about the value of linking data and concerns about linking data. Descriptive statistics, bivariate associations, and multivariable regression were conducted.

Results:
Participants had positive beliefs about linking data for precision medicine (M = 4.05/5) and average concern about linking data (M = 2.1/5). Final multivariable models revealed that higher levels of loneliness are associated with more positive beliefs about linking data (β = 0.41, p = 0.027). Races other than African American (β = –0.64, p = 0.009) and those with lower perceived limitations of precision medicine were less likely to be concerned about linking data (β = –0.75, p = 0.0006).

Conclusion:
Our results advance the literature about perceptions of linking data for use in clinical and research studies among men. Better understanding of factors associated with more positive perceptions of data linkages could help improve how researchers recruit and engage participants.
Interpreting the subterranean building (the crypt) in the northern courtyard of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
Authors: Özkan Aygün Çiğdem , Arvanitidou Ioanna P. , Gounari Emmanouela G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article discusses a subterranean building, situated north of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, which was investigated during a recent interdisciplinary survey conducted by Çiğdem Özkan Aygün. Although it is generally accepted that the edifice had more than one phase of use, the date of its original construction and utilisation has been problematic since the building is not mentioned in any written sources and was either not included in other archaeological excavations and surveys or not studied intensively. The aim of this paper is to present the underground building in detail and to propose a date for its construction based on the new survey data and on ancient written sources about the church of Hagia Sophia. Archaeological data from previous surveys are also taken into account. The subterranean building’s different phases of use are documented, and it is proposed that it was originally used as a reliquary, then later, after a number of alterations, became a cistern.
Preconception and prenatal maternal stress are associated with broad autism phenotype in young adults: Project Ice Storm
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Laplante David P. , Elgbeili Guillaume , King Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudies show associations between prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) and child autism, with little attention paid to PNMS and autism in young adulthood. The broad autism phenotype (BAP), encompassing sub-clinical levels of autism, includes aloof personality, pragmatic language impairment and rigid personality. It remains unclear whether different aspects of PNMS explain variance in different BAP domains in young adult offspring. We recruited women who were pregnant during, or within 3 months of, the 1998 Quebec ice storm crisis, and assessed three aspects of their stress (i.e., objective hardship, subjective distress and cognitive appraisal). At age 19, the young adult offspring (n = 33, 22F / 11M) completed a BAP self-report. Linear and logistic regressions were implemented to examine associations between PNMS and BAP traits. Up to 21.4% of the variance in BAP total score and in BAP three domains tended to be explained by at least one aspect of maternal stress, For example, 16.8% of the variance in aloof personality tended to be explained by maternal objective hardship; 15.1% of the variance in pragmatic language impairment tended to be explained by maternal subjective distress; 20.0% of the variance in rigid personality tended to be explained by maternal objective hardship and 14.3% by maternal cognitive appraisal. Given the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, this small prospective study suggests that different aspects of maternal stress could have differential effects on different components of BAP traits in young adults.
Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry of the Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources to Carbon Export
Authors: Dai Minhan , Luo Ya‐Wei , Achterberg Eric P. , Browning Thomas J. , Cai Yihua , Cao Zhimian , Chai Fei , Chen Bingzhang , Church Matthew J. , Ci Dongjian , Du Chuanjun , Gao Kunshan , Guo Xianghui , Hu Zhendong , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Laws Edward A. , Lee Zhongping , Lin Hongyang , Liu Qian , Liu Xin , Luo Weicheng , Meng Feifei , Shang Shaoling , Shi Dalin , Saito Hiroaki , Song Luping , Wan Xianhui Sean , Wang Yuntao , Wang Wei‐Lei , Wen Zuozhu , Xiu Peng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhou Kuanbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSubtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted surface nutrients, and low biological productivity. Despite tremendous advances over the past three decades, particularly through the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series and the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study, which have revolutionized our understanding of the biogeochemistry in oligotrophic marine ecosystems, the gyres remain understudied. We review current understanding of upper ocean biogeochemistry in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, considering other subtropical gyres for comparison. We focus our synthesis on spatial variability, which shows larger than expected dynamic ranges of properties such as nutrient concentrations, rates of N2 fixation, and biological production. This review provides new insights into how nutrient sources drive community structure and export in upper subtropical gyres. We examine the euphotic zone (EZ) in subtropical gyres as a two‐layered vertically structured system: a nutrient‐depleted layer above the top of the nutricline in the well‐lit upper ocean and a nutrient‐replete layer below in the dimly lit waters. These layers vary in nutrient supply and stoichiometries and physical forcing, promoting differences in community structure and food webs, with direct impacts on the magnitude and composition of export production. We evaluate long‐term variations in key biogeochemical parameters in both of these EZ layers. Finally, we identify major knowledge gaps and research challenges in these vast and unique systems that offer opportunities for future studies.
Quantifying Groundwater's Contribution to Regional Environmental‐Flows in Diverse Hydrologic Landscapes
Authors: Mohan Chinchu , Gleeson Tom , Forstner Tara , Famiglietti James S. , de Graaf Inge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIncreasing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services in water resources management has accelerated the development and application of environmental‐flows requirements for lotic ecosystems. However, most environmental‐flows management focuses on water infrastructure, such as dams or diversions, without explicitly taking groundwater into account and ignoring the importance of groundwater environmental flow contribution. In this study two methods for estimating groundwater environmental flow contributions are presented: (a) a groundwater‐centric method (based on the Sustainability Boundary Approach), which proposes that high levels of ecological protection are maintained if 90% of groundwater discharge is preserved, and (b) a surface water‐centric method (novel method), which quantifies groundwater environmental flow contributions from streamflow using region‐specific streamflow sensitivity metrics and local environmental‐flows policies. The two methods were tested in British Columbia, Canada, which has a diverse, complex, and highly coupled groundwater‐surface water system. The two methods gave comparable results in various hydro‐geoclimatic settings. Although British Columbia was used as a case study, this framework can be implemented across various spatial and temporal scales for different regions and globally, in data‐scarce, hydrologically complex landscapes. Application of these methods can aid in a robust and holistic assessment of environmental‐flows, taking into account the often‐missing groundwater component.
Irregularities Observed at the Edge of a Mid‐Latitude Ionospheric Depletion Following a Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis manuscript presents the analysis of data from multiple ground‐ and space‐based sensors in the North American region before, during, and after the 12 October 2021 geomagnetic storm. Total electron content (TEC) and electron density data show the formation and equatorward propagation of a mid‐latitude trough at ∼50°N followed by the appearance of a wider depletion region (∼15° in latitude) at lower latitudes. During the recovery phase on the 13th, the equatorward edge of this depletion region settled at around 30° latitude and exhibited a steep density gradient. By the 14th, this sharp boundary had disappeared. Near this edge on the 13th, small‐scale irregularities formed. The impact of these was observed within Global Positioning System data as elevated rate of TEC index (ROTI) and presented as strong 35 MHz scintillations of cosmic radio sources as well as spread‐F within ionograms from multiple digisonde systems. GPS and 35‐MHz data demonstrated that the irregularity region was narrowly confined (≲5° wide) near the edge of the depletion region. The 35‐MHz scintillation data also showed that the irregularities were moving relatively slowly at ∼7 m s−1, likely toward the southeast. Density and velocity measurements demonstrated that the conditions near the depletion boundary were highly favorable to the gradient drift instability (GDI) with the one‐dimensional growth rate estimated to be ∼0.01 s−1. Since these conditions persisted for many hours, this growth rate was more than sufficient for the GDI to be considered the primary driver of irregularity formation in this case.
Adult-born neurons in critical period maintain hippocampal seizures via local aberrant excitatory circuits
Authors: Chen Liying , Xu Yingwei , Cheng Heming , Li Zhongxia , Lai Nanxi , Li Menghan , Ruan Yeping , Zheng Yang , Fei Fan , Xu Cenglin , Ma Jiao , Wang Shuang , Gu Yan , Han Feng , Chen Zhong , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), one common type of medically refractory epilepsy, is accompanied with altered adult-born dentate granule cells (abDGCs). However, the causal role of abDGCs in recurrent seizures of TLE is not fully understood. Here, taking advantage of optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to selectively manipulate abDGCs in a reversible manner, combined with Ca2+ fiber photometry, trans-synaptic viral tracing, in vivo/vitro electrophysiology approaches, we aimed to test the role of abDGCs born at different period of epileptogenic insult in later recurrent seizures in mouse TLE models. We found that abDGCs were functionally inhibited during recurrent seizures. Optogenetic activation of abDGCs significantly extended, while inhibition curtailed, the seizure duration. This seizure-modulating effect was attributed to specific abDGCs born at a critical early phase after kindled status, which experienced specific type of circuit re-organization. Further, abDGCs extended seizure duration via local excitatory circuit with early-born granule cells (ebDGCs). Repeated modulation of “abDGC-ebDGC” circuit may easily induce a change of synaptic plasticity, and achieve long-term anti-seizure effects in both kindling and kainic acid-induced TLE models. Together, we demonstrate that abDGCs born at a critical period of epileptogenic insult maintain seizure duration via local aberrant excitatory circuits, and inactivation of these aberrant circuits can long-termly alleviate severity of seizures. This provides a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the potential pathological changes of abDGCs circuit and may be helpful for the precise treatment in TLE.
Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection
Authors: Chen Peiran , Wu Mandi , He Yaqing , Jiang Binghua , He Ming-Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
Generation of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations by monoclonal antibody therapy
Authors: Ragonnet-Cronin Manon , Nutalai Rungtiwa , Huo Jiandong , Dijokaite-Guraliuc Aiste , Das Raksha , Tuekprakhon Aekkachai , Supasa Piyada , Liu Chang , Selvaraj Muneeswaran , Groves Natalie , Hartman Hassan , Ellaby Nicholas , Mark Sutton J. , Bahar Mohammad W. , Zhou Daming , Fry Elizabeth , Ren Jingshan , Brown Colin , Klenerman Paul , Dunachie Susanna J. , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Hopkins Susan , Chand Meera , Stuart David I. , Screaton Gavin R. , Rokadiya Sakib 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 patients at risk of severe disease may be treated with neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To minimise virus escape from neutralisation these are administered as combinations e.g. casirivimab+imdevimab or, for antibodies targeting relatively conserved regions, individually e.g. sotrovimab. Unprecedented genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK has enabled a genome-first approach to detect emerging drug resistance in Delta and Omicron cases treated with casirivimab+imdevimab and sotrovimab respectively. Mutations occur within the antibody epitopes and for casirivimab+imdevimab multiple mutations are present on contiguous raw reads, simultaneously affecting both components. Using surface plasmon resonance and pseudoviral neutralisation assays we demonstrate these mutations reduce or completely abrogate antibody affinity and neutralising activity, suggesting they are driven by immune evasion. In addition, we show that some mutations also reduce the neutralising activity of vaccine-induced serum.
Brain-optimized deep neural network models of human visual areas learn non-hierarchical representations
Authors: St-Yves Ghislain , Allen Emily J. , Wu Yihan , Kay Kendrick , Naselaris Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) optimized for visual tasks learn representations that align layer depth with the hierarchy of visual areas in the primate brain. One interpretation of this finding is that hierarchical representations are necessary to accurately predict brain activity in the primate visual system. To test this interpretation, we optimized DNNs to directly predict brain activity measured with fMRI in human visual areas V1-V4. We trained a single-branch DNN to predict activity in all four visual areas jointly, and a multi-branch DNN to predict each visual area independently. Although it was possible for the multi-branch DNN to learn hierarchical representations, only the single-branch DNN did so. This result shows that hierarchical representations are not necessary to accurately predict human brain activity in V1-V4, and that DNNs that encode brain-like visual representations may differ widely in their architecture, ranging from strict serial hierarchies to multiple independent branches.