bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latvian-Estonian Economic Relations 1918–1940
Authors: Karnups Viesturs Pauls 
Published: January 2023

This paper provides an overview of Latvian-Estonian economic relations in the interwar period. In the interwar period, economic relations between Latvia and Estonia were mainly confined to foreign trade, although there were some investments in Latvia from Estonia, as well as tourism. Latvia’s foreign trade in relation to Estonia was regulated by a number of trade treaties and agreements entered into in 1923, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1935, and 1937. Latvia’s main imports from Estonia in the interwar period were horses, cement, petroleum products from oil shale (including bitumen, crude oil, etc.) – except petrol, petrol, and fabrics (cotton, linen, wool, etc), whilst Latvia’s main exports to Estonia were linoleum, machinery (agricultural and industrial), timber and timber products (including plywood), rubber goods (including galoshes), paints, inks, and paint products, sugar, as well as radios. In general, trade and thus economic relations were of marginal significance to both countries in the interwar period due mainly to similarities in their agriculturally based economic structures.
Pengaruh Lama Simpan Dan Metoda Pengemasan Terhadap Sifat Fisik Bakso Daging Ayam Pada Penyimpanan Di Suhu Rendah (± 5o C)
Authors: Anggraeni Widya , Lukman Haris , Pramusintho Bagus 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara lama penyimpanan dan metoda pengemasan terhadap sifat fisik bakso daging ayam yang disimpan pada suhu rendah. Metoda penelitian ini adalah metoda percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan faktor I metoda pengemasan, yaitu kemasan non vakum dan kemasan vakum dan faktor II lama simpan, yaitu 0 hari, 4 hari, 8 hari, dan 12 hari pada suhu refrigerator. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dengan uji lanjut uji jarak berganda duncan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metoda pengemasan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap nilai pH dan DIA bakso, namun memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai Aw dan nilai eber bakso. Lama penyimpanan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap nilai DIA bakso, namun memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai pH, Aw dan nilai eber bakso. Interaksi antara metoda pengemasan dan lama penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter.
Kata kunci: bakso, kemasan, lama simpan, sifat fisik, suhu refrigerator
Strength Calculation of the Coupling of the Floor Slab and the Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Frame Column by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Gaidzhurov P. P. , Volodin V. A. 
Published: January 2023

This study aims at developing the concept of fragmentation of the frame to assess the load-bearing capacity of the floors. As a rule, a frame-rod design scheme is used under the finite elementmodeling of high-rise buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Numerical experiments using volume-rod and volume-plate models of a repeating structural fragment were performed on a test example of a six-span three-storey monolithic reinforced concrete frame. Practical recommendations have been developed for the refined strength calcula-tion of the floors of monolithic reinforced concrete frames of multistorey buildings. Materials and Methods. Computational experiments were performed using the ANSYS Mechanical software package, in which the finite element method was implemented in the form of a displacement method. A plate-rod ensemble of finite elements was used to simulate the stress-strain state of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. The refined calculation of the coupling zone of the floor slab and column under static loading was performed using solid, beam, truss and plate elements. Results. An engineering technique has been developed for numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of the coupling of the floor and the column of the reinforced concrete monolithic frame under static loading. The most accurate result was provided by a finite element model constructed using beam finite elements as reinforcing rods. Discussion and Conclusions. The developed technique of numerical modeling of the coupling of the floor and the column made it possible to estimate the real strength margin of this node, taking into account the real geometry of reinforcing grids, as well as to clarify the bearing capacity of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame under various loading scenarios.
Acoustic Emission Method of Diagnostics of Structures Made of Composite Materials Based on Invariants
Authors: Popov A. V. , Voloshina V. Yu. , Zhuravsky K. A. , Labina M. A. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Composite materials are the main way to reduce the weight of the aircraft structure and improve its flight performance. Methods of non-destructive testing enable to assess the technical condition of composite materials, as well as to determine stress concentrators in them to make a decision on the further operation of this control object. The paper presents an analysis of the use of composite materials in the aircraft design and ways to improve their flight performance through the application of composites. An acoustic-emission method for assessing crack resistance based on invariants was described. The study aimed at increasing the accuracy and efficiency of assessing the crack resistance of aircraft structures made of composite materials through the use of the acoustic emission method of non-destructive testing. Materials and Methods. The nomenclature of composite materials used in aircraft was given, and their physical and mechanical properties were compared. The acoustic emission method of non-destructive testing of composite materials based on invariant ratios was used. Results. A method for assessing the crack resistance of primary structural elements based on the invariants of acoustic emission processes, and a program apparatus complex based on it has been developed. Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to determine the strength characteristics of composite materials by the acoustic emission method of non-destructive testing to assess the technical condition of primary structural elements in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, and aircraft construction. The paper is recommended to researchers involved in the development of aircraft.
Investigation of the Wear Resistance of a Journal Bearing with Polymer-Coated Grooved Support Ring
Authors: Vasilenko V. V. , Kirishchieva V. I. , Mukutadze M. A. , Shvedova V. E. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In modern heavy-loaded friction units, metallopolymer coated bearings operating in the boundary friction mode are widely used. Their successful application is provided by the viscoelastic deformation of these coatings under load. To pass from boundary friction to liquid friction, it is required to create a bearing hydrodynamic wedge. Currently, the use of journal bearings with polymer-coated grooved support ring is hindered by the lack of a methodology for their calculation. This work analyzes a model of movement of a micropolar lubricant in the operating clearance of a journalbearing with a nonstandard support profile having a PTFE composite coating with a groove on the bearing surface. The study aims at establishing the dependence of the stable hydrodynamic regime on the width of the groove on the surface of the bearing profile. Materials and Methods. Tribological tests of journal bearings with a nonstandard bearing profile having a polymer coating with a groove on the surface were carried out on samples in the form of partial bushes (blocks). Using the equation of movement of a lubricant with micropolar rheological properties, as well as the continuity equation, new mathematical models were obtained that took into account the width of the groove, polymer coating, and nonstandard bearing profile. Results. A significant expansion of the applicability of design models of journal bearings with structural changes has been achieved. Polymer-coated bearings with a groove provided a hydrodynamic lubrication mode. The results obtained allowed us to evaluate the operational characteristics of the bearing: hydrodynamic pressure value, load capacity, and coefficient of friction. Discussion and Conclusions. The design of polymer coated journal bearing and a groove 3 mm wide on the surface of the liner provided a stable ascent of the shaft on the hydrodynamic wedge, which was validated experimentally. The experiments were carried out for journal bearings with a diameter of 40 mm with a groove 1–8 mm wide, at a sliding speed of 0.3–3 m/s and a load of 4.8–24 MPa.
Research on innovative human capital for China’s economic development based on STI model
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Chen Ding 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study uses a modified Kalman filter to analyse the impact of innovative human capital’s contribution to China’s economic development. The Kalman filter-STI model is used, and the growth rates of labour force, physical capital and innovative human capital and their contributions to economic growth are further calculated. The analysis employing the Kalman filter-STI model leads to the following results: In 2015, the sum of innovative human capital in each region increased by 6.15% compared to 2010. From 2005 to 2021, the number of scientific and technical papers included in three international systems in China decreased from 45% to 31% in Beijing, from 34% to 21% in Shanghai, and decreased in Jilin and Gansu. Jiangsu Province is the province with the largest increase in the share, from 13% to 26%.
Analysis and countermeasures of cultivating independent learning ability in colleges teaching English based on OBE theory
Authors: Feng Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, influenced by the deepening reform of colleges teaching English in China, teaching English for college students has gradually been favoured and promoted. At present, many universities still use traditional English teaching methods. The traditional English teaching method only allows college students to learn basic grammar and vocabulary, without the ability of independent learning. Given these problems, this paper first proposes a framework for cultivating college students’ autonomous learning ability in English teaching based on output-based education (OBE) theory. Then, the OBE theory is introduced in detail. At the same time, the framework is applied in a university. After a semester of study, the results are combined with teachers’ and college students’ questionnaire surveys. Finally, after the questionnaire results and analysis, the framework proposed in this paper is better than other traditional English teaching methods. The experiment also shows that it not only improves the adaptability of college students’ English teaching but also improves their independent learning ability while learning English.
An intelligent campus simulation system based on game
Authors: Hao Zhou Zheng , Kai Liu Lai , Xin Wang , Wei Qi Xiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As a densely populated place, the occurrence of accidents on campus causes serious concerns, while the construction of an intelligent and safe campus is also one of the hotly debated topics. Starting from the perspective of the development process of security events, this paper comprehensively perfects each stage and applies reasonable methods, hoping to reduce the cost of human and material resources in campus security. First, the abnormal behaviour data set and the identification model based on time and space fusion are constructed to identify the abnormal behaviours on campus. Further on, through the agent reward function construction and state transfer function solution and algorithm research, the multi-intelligent-agent tracking and cooperation based on the game idea are realised to provide efficient real-time security alarm and decision suggestion. Finally, the safety resource path planning platform is designed, and the simulation analysis is conducted combined with the traffic network of New Normal University. The results turn out to identify the abnormal behaviour, work out the optimal decision as well as figure out the optimal path of security resources planning and verify the effectiveness of the mathematical model in a simulation manner.
Classification methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Ogłoszka Anna Magdalena , Smaga Łukasz 
Published: January 2023

Summary
This paper concerns the problem of diagnosing the type of cancer with the use of machine learning and statistical methods. Nowadays, the problem of neoplasms, in particular breast cancer, is one of humanity's greatest challenges. The identification of cancer and its type is extremely important. In solving this problem, classification methods can be used as objective tools that may be helpful for doctors making a diagnosis. For this reason, we discuss many efficient classifiers in the context of cancer detection. In addition, we consider the topic of data set transformations to deal with the problem of data unbalance, as well as measures of classification quality. In the experimental part, an attempt will be made to find the best classifier and to improve the quality of the original data set to obtain the highest values of classification quality measures for a particular data set.
Assessing the Possible Influences of the Russia – Ukraine War on Economic Growth
Authors: Florişteanu Elena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Against the background of a major insecurity event with strong economic and social repercussions, more and more analyses, simulations and attempts are being made to identify possible developments and consequences. The experience of previous conflicts and the results of the models and scenarios used to estimate the trajectories and disruptions caused by conflicts help with the decision-making process, but the variables in the peace equation are numerous and increase the degree of uncertainty in what regards the impact of the economic, social and security policies adopted. Through the prism of developments in the current geopolitical and security environment, with prospects of profound change after the end of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the paper highlights some of the economic effects of the Russia – Ukraine war and highlights its possible influences on economic growth at regional and global level, and also analyses growth in the states directly involved in the war or that are connected in various forms (economically-wise, neighbouring countries, etc.) with the two states.
Fiscal policy before and during COVID-19 and its impact on the creation of new comapnies
Authors: Sokołowska Anetta , Trasberg Viktor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article analyses relationships between fiscalism indicators and the number of newly registered companies (i.e. a new business density index). The study covered the period from 2015 to 2020 (inclusive). Considering the timeframe, the purpose is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on new firm formation. Two principal research hypotheses are formulated. The first hypothesis assumes a negative impact of fiscal burden on the creation of new firms. The second hypothesis assumes that COVID-19 reduced interest in starting new business entities. The research results demonstrate that there is a negative relationship between fiscalism and new firm formation. Contrary to expectations, the research has shown that COVID-19 did not adversely affect the creation of new companies, as the new business density index remained stable in most of the analyzed countries.
The risk identification and assesment on the example of companies from the automotive industry in Poland
Authors: Podgórska Joanna , Mormul Katarzyna , Maksymowicz Janusz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The issues related to the identification and assessment of risk in the automotive industry are particularly important from the point of view of functioning in a changing environment. The main purpose of the article is to present the basic definitions of risk and its types, as well as to identify the most important sources of industry risk for companies operating in the automotive industry in Poland. In addition, it is also crucial to assess the impact of identified risks on the activities of these enterprises. Two methods were used in the empirical part: a survey questionnaire (research conducted with the management staff) and an in-depth interview, which was conducted with an auditor in the automotive industry. The research results show that in companies from the automotive industry, the main risks are identified in individual areas: operational, legal and IT. One of the main challenges is the ability to adapt to changing conditions, but also the diversification of suppliers so that a key supplier does not shut down the entire production line.
Possibilities for Public Sector Management Improvement by the Digitalization of Financial Management and Control System in the Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Novaković Vesna , Milovanović Mirjana , Gligorić Dragan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper investigated the opportunities for public sector improvement by digitalization Financial Management and Control (FMC) system in the Western Balkans (WB) countries. Optimizing business processes within public sector through the digitalization of the FMC system offers opportunities for public sector improvement.
The idea is to analyze the existing legal solutions on FMC system in the WB countries and evaluate the current level of digitalization of the system to find the abilities for improvement FMC. The data obtained through an interview with management persons in the Ministry of Finance of the WB Countries and key experts who worked on behalf of the EU as expert consultants on EU-funded projects. Also, we use secondary data collected by exploring literature and OECD reports. Since the database is limited, we use descriptive statistics to analyze the data and the case-study method. The digitalization of the entire system presented only at the entity and state level in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research showed that the development of a quality FMC system can be enabled by the digitalization of the entire system. The main contribution of this paper is its focus on digitalization of FMC system, since there is limited research paper on this subject.
Is Sustainable Development Really Sustainable – Theoretical Reflections, Statistics and the Need for Changes
Authors: Jermolajeva Elita , Trusina Inese 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of the article is to explain holistically the main provisions of sustainable development in the nature-society-human system based on the methodology for analyzing changes in energy flows and the power of socio-economic systems. The authors consider the development of society as a creative process aimed at changing the direction and speed of free energy flows (useful power) in Space and Time. They also consider sustainable development in the nature-society-human system to be consistent with the laws of the global evolution of living nature and the laws of the historical development of humankind. The paper focuses on key questions concerning the new concepts of sustainable development; the methodology for designing the sustainable development using the concept of energy flows in open, non-equilibrium stable systems and power change analysis approach. The results of the main positions of the models and their interpretation are presented based on the statistical data of United States of America (USA) in the period of 1960–2021.
One of the most important primary things in order to bring about changes in people's thinking, understanding and attitude towards sustainability issues is their education in different forms – formal education and non-formal education opportunities. Creating an interdisciplinary approach and explaining sustainability as a set of economic, social and ecological factors also play a crucial role in raising public awareness of sustainability issues.
Analytical Tool for Modeling the Dispersion of Material Fragments Generated by Explosives Blasting
Authors: Vasilescu Victor Gabriel , Moraru Roland Iosif 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The unprecedented increase, in the last decades, of risks, hazards and threats to the vital objectives of states and international bodies, simultaneously with the increase in their number and vulnerability, led to the sedimentation and establishment of the new concept generically called critical infrastructure. The sites where explosives are manufactured, stored and used can be considered as critical infrastructures, especially taking into account the criterion of the extent, the amplitude of the effects of an explosion produced but also the possible severity on the economic activity, the public and the environment. From this perspective, this article presents an analytical tool for modeling the dispersion of material fragments generated by the detonation of explosives based on the quantification of the impact of the throwing speed and the mass of the material fragments, taking into account the type of material and the loading conditions of the resulting debris. The developed tool resorts to the use of a statistical function, namely the probability density function for modeling different types of fragments resulting from explosion-type events.
Eco-Innovation Capability Approach Regarding Military Performance Development
Authors: Bădilă Mădălina-Ioana , Cioca Lucian-Ionel , Virca Ioan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Embracing opportunities and threats of innovative development in the military defines the new performance leadership. From current partnerships, we observe that critical technologies are a vital procurement target. On the NATO 2030 Agenda, the main point remains guiding personnel to EDTs. In our view, this can be best achieved by adopting dual-use technologies in the procurement strategies. Procurement framework across the Alliance enhances a capability gap between conventional and advanced methods of engaging with the budget in the military organization. Our findings show that EDT prioritization policies become relevant to the military affairs, since working with technology increases military superiority.
Emerging and Disruptive Technologies: The Metaverse. Implications on Global Security
Authors: Metz Daniel , Gurău Maria-Mihaela 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes the metaverse as a multi-faceted example of emerging and disruptive technologies and its potential impact on global security. After a brief presentation of the concept, including some socio-economic implications on the civilian life, asymmetric risks such as terrorism and crypto-laundering in the metaverse/darkverse are addressed. Moreover, aspects related to the potential impact of the military applications on the metaverse are underlined. Last, but not least, beside the inherent opportunities and the risks of this still incipient version of the metaverse, a series of current limitations is presented.