bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency attenuation of S waves in alluvial deposits of the central Po Plain (northern Italy)
Authors: Franceschina Gianlorenzo , Tento Alberto 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
Estimation of local seismic response plays a key role in assessing local seismic hazard and particularly in the design of shaking scenarios. Modelling local seismic response involves knowing of the shear wave velocity (VS) and quality factor (QS) profiles for the site in question. The many techniques that have been developed to assess VS in surface deposits produce reliable measurements of VS, but these rarely correspond to direct measurements of QS. The latter is often considered through damping measures from laboratory tests on small-scale soil samples, which can provide information primarily on intrinsic attenuation, neglecting the contribution of scattering effects. In this paper, using seismic recordings obtained at the surface and in boreholes at 100 m depth, we estimate an average value of QS of some characteristic alluvial deposits of the Po Plain (northern Italy). Data come from a microseismic network which sampled an almost uniform lithology in the central Po Plain and consisted of three surface and four borehole stations with an interstation distance of about 2 km. The average value of QS of the shallowest 100 m of the sedimentary strata, QS,100, is estimated by considering: (1) the high-frequency attenuation of seismic waves due to propagation through the corresponding stratigraphy and (2) the interference between incident and surface-reflected waves observed at borehole stations. We parametrize the first through $\Delta k_{0_{ {100}}}$, the difference between the values of the spectral decay parameter kappa (k) estimated at the surface and at the boreholes depth, respectively. We use the second in order to compute VS,100, the time-averaged VS referred to the uppermost 100 m stratigraphy. We obtain: $\Delta k_{0_{ {100}}} = (11 \pm 3)\,$ ms, ${V_{S,100}} \, =\, (309\, \pm \, 11)\,$ m s−1 and ${Q_{S,100}} \, =\, 31 \pm 10$. At the surface, the estimated values of the site-specific kappa, k0, are found to range from 75 to 79 ms. As expected, these results are in good agreement with studies performed in other sites characterized by sandy or clayey lithologies, and can be usefully used in site response analysis at sites where the rigidity is mainly controlled by lithostatic pressure.
S

treptococcus pneumoniae serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility:

a

ssessment for

v

accine

e

fficacy in Canada after the introduction of PCV13
Authors: Zhanel George G , Lynch Joseph P , Adam Heather J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be an important bacterial pathogen associated with invasive (e.g. bacteraemia, meningitis) and non-invasive (e.g. community-acquired respiratory tract) infections worldwide. Surveillance studies conducted nationally and globally assist in determining trends over geographical areas and allow comparisons between countries.

Objectives
To characterize invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae in terms of their serotype, antimicrobial resistance, genotype and virulence and to use the serotype data to determine the level of coverage by different generations of pneumococcal vaccines.

Methods
SAVE (Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Assessment for Vaccine Efficacy in Canada) is an ongoing, annual, national collaborative study between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARE) and the National Microbiology Laboratory, focused on characterizing invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada. Clinical isolates from normally sterile sites were forwarded by participating hospital public health laboratories to the Public Health Agency of Canada—National Microbiology Laboratory and CARE for centralized phenotypic and genotypic investigation.

Results
The four articles in this Supplement provide a comprehensive examination of the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance and MDR, serotype distribution, genotypic relatedness and virulence of invasive S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada over a 10 year period (2011–2020).

Conclusions
The data highlight the evolution of S. pneumoniae under pressure by vaccination and antimicrobial usage, as well as vaccine coverage, allowing both clinicians and researchers nationally and globally to view the current status of invasive pneumococcal infections in Canada.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Canadian patients: the SAVE study, 2011–2020
Authors: Alford Morgan A , Karlowsky James A , Adam Heather J , Baxter Melanie R , Schellenberg John , Golden Alyssa R , Martin Irene , Demczuk Walter , Mulvey Michael R , Zhanel George G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of 14 138 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected in Canada from 2011 to 2020.

Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI M07 broth microdilution reference method. MICs were interpreted using 2022 CLSI M100 breakpoints.

Results
In 2020, 90.1% and 98.6% of invasive pneumococci were penicillin-susceptible when MICs were interpreted using CLSI meningitis or oral and non-meningitis breakpoints, respectively; 96.9% (meningitis breakpoint) and 99.5% (non-meningitis breakpoint) of isolates were ceftriaxone-susceptible, and 99.9% were levofloxacin-susceptible. Numerically small, non-temporal, but statistically significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the annual percentage of isolates susceptible to four of the 13 agents tested was observed across the 10-year study: chloramphenicol (4.4% difference), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.9%), penicillin (non-meningitis breakpoint, 2.7%) and ceftriaxone (meningitis breakpoint, 2.7%; non-meningitis breakpoint, 1.2%). During the same period, annual differences in percent susceptible values for penicillin (meningitis and oral breakpoints) and all other agents did not achieve statistical significance. The percentage of isolates with an MDR phenotype (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) in 2011 and 2020 (8.5% and 9.4%) was not significantly different (P = 0.109), although there was a significant interim decrease observed between 2011 and 2015 (P &lt; 0.001) followed by a significant increase between 2016 and 2020 (P &lt; 0.001). Statistically significant associations were observed between resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents included in the MDR analysis (penicillin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol) and patient age, specimen source, geographic location in Canada or concurrent resistance to penicillin or clarithromycin, but not biological sex of patients. Given the large isolate collection studied, statistical significance did not necessarily imply clinical or public health significance in some analyses.

Conclusions
Invasive pneumococcal isolates collected in Canada from 2011 to 2020 generally exhibited consistent in vitro susceptibility to commonly tested antimicrobial agents.
Clinical use of artificial intelligence requires AI-capable organizations
Authors: Novak Laurie Lovett , Russell Regina G , Garvey Kim , Patel Mehool , Thomas Craig Kelly Jean , Snowdon Jane , Miller Bonnie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence-based algorithms are being widely implemented in health care, even as evidence is emerging of bias in their design, problems with implementation, and potential harm to patients. To achieve the promise of using of AI-based tools to improve health, healthcare organizations will need to be AI-capable, with internal and external systems functioning in tandem to ensure the safe, ethical, and effective use of AI-based tools. Ideas are starting to emerge about the organizational routines, competencies, resources, and infrastructures that will be required for safe and effective deployment of AI in health care, but there has been little empirical research. Infrastructures that provide legal and regulatory guidance for managers, clinician competencies for the safe and effective use of AI-based tools, and learner-centric resources such as clear AI documentation and local health ecosystem impact reviews can help drive continuous improvement.
Red, Green, and Blue Model-Based Assessment and Principles of White Analytical Chemistry to Robust Stability-Indicating Chromatographic Estimation of Thiocolchicoside and Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Pulusu Veera Shakar , Shah Shailesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
White analytical chemistry (WAC) is a recent approach for evaluating analytical procedures based on their effectiveness in validating results, capacity to be environmentally friendly, and economic effectiveness.

Objective
The detection of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and thiocolchicoside (THC) simultaneously has been established using a WAC-driven stability-indicating chromatographic method (SICM).

Methods
For the concurrent stability study of THC and DCF, the suggested chromatographic technique was developed employing safe and environmentally acceptable organic solvents. To identify critical analytical method parameters (AMPs) and analytical quality attributes (AQAs), a design of experiments (DoE)-based screening design was applied. For the DoE-based response surface modelling (RSM) of critical AMPs and AQAs, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed.

Results
A robust SICM was developed by navigating the analytical design space for simultaneous estimation of THC and DCF. IR, NMR, and mass spectral data were used to characterize the degradation products. Red, green, and blue (RGB) models were used to evaluate the suggested method's validation effectiveness, greenness power, and economic efficiency and compared to published chromatographic techniques. The effectiveness of the chromatographic method's validation concerning the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline was evaluated using the red model. The analytical greenness (AGREE) evaluation tool and eco-scale assessment (ESA) approach were used to evaluate the green model's methodology. The blue model-based assessment was carried out for comparison of simplicity of instruments handling, cost, and time during sample analysis. The red, blue, and green scores of the techniques were averaged to arrive at the white score of the suggested and reported methods.

Conclusion
For the concurrent stability study of THC and DCF, the suggested technique was shown to be validated, environmentally friendly, and cost effective. The suggested approach could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly analytical technique for determining the stability and monitoring the quality of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of THC and DCF.

Highlights
Stability-indicating HPTLC method was developed for concomitant analysis of THC and DCF using concepts of DoE and WAC.
Movement Lawyering and theCaring SocietyLitigation
Authors: Hernandez Julia , Levesque Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2016, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal issued a landmark ruling in First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada v. Canada finding that the government of Canada was racially and ethnically discriminating against First Nations children and their families in its funding and delivery of child welfare services to them. This ruling did not result from an isolated legal case; it was the result of litigation that was part of a broader social campaign with active supporters from all over the world. The litigation was driven by, and supported, a dynamic movement for sovereignty for First Nations Peoples around child welfare. This article examines the Caring Society case through the lens of movement lawyering—using the law to bring about transformative social change.Section 2 examines movement lawyering as an approach to lawyering. Movement lawyering involves a range of practices, advocacy and mobilizing that seek to dismantle architectures of subordination. Section 3 provides an overview of the Caring Society litigation and the social campaign within which the case was litigated. The I am a Witness campaign, a dynamic education and grassroots social campaign that engaged Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and sought to make the litigation accessible to the public, is examined in detail. Section 4 analyses Caring Society as a study of movement lawyering. It examines how three elements of movement lawyering; integrated advocacy; accountability to social movements; and willingness to address the root causes of structural oppression were at play in the litigation and related campaigns.In conclusion, the authors contend that Caring Society and the I am a Witness campaign constitute a successful example of movement lawyering as they properly recognize litigation, and the role of lawyers, as one piece of the mosaic of efforts needed to advance transformative social change.
Regorafenib inhibits growth, survival and angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is synergistic with Mcl-1 inhibitor
Authors: Li Jiangping , Hua Qingquan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor approved for various metastatic/advanced cancers, and has been investigated in clinical trials in many other tumour entities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of regorafenib for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
Cellular proliferation, survival, apoptosis and colony formation assays were performed and combination index was determined. NPC xenograft tumour models were established. In vitro and In vivo angiogenesis assays were performed.

Key findings
Regorafenib is effective against a panel of NPC cell lines regardless of cellular origin and genetic profiling while sparing normal nasal epithelial cells. The predominant inhibitory effects of regorafenib in NPC are anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth rather than survival. Apart from tumour cells, regorafenib potently inhibits angiogenesis. Mechanistically, regorafenib inhibits multiple oncogenic pathways including Raf/Erk/Mek and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Regorafenib decreases Bcl-2 but not Mcl-1 level in NPC cells. The in vitro observations are evident in in vivo NPC xenograft mouse model. The combination of Mcl-1 inhibitor with regorafenib is synergistic in inhibiting NPC growth without causing systemic toxicity in mice.

Conclusions
Our findings also support further clinical investigation of regorafenib and Mcl-1 inhibitor for NPC treatment.
An experimental evaluation of a stopping rule aimed at maximizing cost-quality trade-offs in surveys
Authors: Wagner James , Zhang Xinyu , Elliott Michael R , West Brady T , Coffey Stephanie M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurveys face difficult choices in managing cost-error trade-offs. Stopping rules for surveys have been proposed as a method for managing these trade-offs. A stopping rule will limit effort on a select subset of cases to reduce costs with minimal harm to quality. Previously proposed stopping rules have focused on quality with an implicit assumption that all cases have the same cost. This assumption is unlikely to be true, particularly when some cases will require more effort and, therefore, more costs than others. We propose a new rule that looks at both predicted costs and quality. This rule is tested experimentally against another rule that focuses on stopping cases that are expected to be difficult to recruit. The experiment was conducted on the 2020 data collection of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We test both Bayesian and non-Bayesian (maximum-likelihood or ML) versions of the rule. The Bayesian version of the prediction models uses historical data to establish prior information. The Bayesian version led to higher-quality data for roughly the same cost, while the ML version led to small reductions in quality with larger reductions in cost compared to the control rule.
Surgical management of a giant hepatic metastasis from a cranial meningioma 10 years after resection
Authors: Feltracco Haley , Matar Abraham J , Smith Savannah A , Blair Catherine , Sarmiento Juan M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor; they have a low risk for extracranial metastases, which are primarily associated with increased tumor grade. Hepatic metastases from cranial meningiomas are extremely rare, with only a paucity of cases reported in the literature and no standardized approach to management. Herein, we report a case of an incidentally discovered giant (&gt;20 cm) metastatic meningioma to the liver treated with surgical resection 10 years following resection of a low-grade cranial meningioma. This report also highlights the use of (68Ga) DOTATATE PET/CT as the diagnostic imaging modality of choice when evaluating for meningioma metastases. To our knowledge, this report describes the largest hepatic metastasis from a cranial meningioma to undergo surgical resection in the literature.
Prevention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by a synbiotic approach using probiotic and lactulose
Authors: Hu Gege , Liu Shaoli , Zeng Hong , Yi Ruokun , Zhao Xin , Yang Zhennai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this research, the synbiotic effects of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YW11 and lactulose on intestinal morphology, colon function, and immune activity were evaluated in a mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results revealed that L. plantarum YW11 in combination with lactulose decreased the severity of colitis in mice and improved the structure of the damaged colon, as assessed using colon length and disease condition. Moreover, colonic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were significantly lower and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) were significantly higher following the synbiotic supplementation. The synbiotic also exerted antioxidant effects by up-regulating SOD and CAT levels and down-regulating MDA levels in colon tissue. It could also reduce the relative expression of iNOS mRNA and increase the relative expression of nNOS and eNOS mRNA. Western blot confirmed the increased expression of c-Kit, IκBα, and SCF and significantly reduced expression of the NF-κB protein. Therefore, the combination of L. plantarum YW11 and lactulose exerted therapeutic effects mainly through the NF-κB anti-inflammatory pathway, which represented a novel synbiotic approach in the prevention of colonic inflammation.
Magnetic field measurement from the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method employed with atomic alignment
Authors: Pavaskar Parth , Yan Huirong , Cho Jungyeon 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method is widely employed to estimate the mean magnetic field strength in astrophysical plasmas. In this study, we present a numerical investigation using the DCF method in conjunction with a promising new diagnostic tool for studying magnetic fields: the polarization of spectral lines resulting from the atomic alignment effect. We obtain synthetic spectropolarimetry observations from 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence simulations and estimate the mean magnetic field projected onto the plane of the sky using the DCF method with ground-state-alignment (GSA) polarization maps and a modification to account for the driving scale of turbulence. We also compare the method to the classical DCF approach using dust polarization observations. Our observations indicate that the modified DCF method correctly estimates the plane-of-sky projected magnetic field strengths for sub-Alfvénic turbulence using a newly proposed correction factor of ξ′ ∈ 0.35–0.75. We find that the field strengths are accurately obtained for all magnetic field inclination and azimuth angles. We also observe a minimum threshold for the mean magnetic field inclination angle with respect to the line of sight, θB ∼ 16°, for the method. The magnetic field dispersion traced by the polarization from the spectral lines is comparable in accuracy to dust polarization, while mitigating some of the uncertainties associated with dust observations. The measurements of the DCF observables from the same atomic/ionic line targets ensure the same origin for the magnetic field and velocity fluctuations and offer a possibility of tracing the 3D direction of the magnetic field.
Three dimensional magnetorotational core-collapse supernova explosions of a 39 solar mass progenitor star
Authors: Powell Jade , Müller Bernhard , Aguilera-Dena David R , Langer Norbert 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We perform three-dimensional simulations of magnetorotational supernovae using a $39\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ progenitor star with two different initial magnetic field strengths of 1010  and 1012 G in the core. Both models rapidly undergo shock revival, and their explosion energies asymptote within a few hundred milliseconds to values of ≳2 × 1051 erg after conservatively correcting for the binding energy of the envelope. Magnetically collimated, non-relativistic jets form in both models, though the jets are subject to non-axisymmetric instabilities. The jets do not appear crucial for driving the explosion, as they only emerge once the shock has already expanded considerably. Our simulations predict moderate neutron star kicks of about 150 km s−1, no spin-kick alignment, and rapid early spin-down that would result in birth periods of about 20 ms, too slow to power an energetic gamma-ray burst jet. More than $0.2\, {\rm M}_\odot$ of iron-group material is ejected, but we estimate that the mass of ejected 56Ni will be considerably smaller as the bulk of this material is neutron-rich. Explosive burning does not contribute appreciable amounts of 56Ni because the burned material originates from the slightly neutron-rich silicon shell. The iron-group ejecta also showed no pronounced bipolar geometry by the end of the simulations. The models thus do not immediately fit the characteristics of observed hypernovae, but may be representative of other transients with moderately high explosion energies. The gravitational-wave emission reaches high frequencies of up to 2000 Hz and amplitudes of over 100 cm. The gravitational-wave emission is detectable out to distances of ∼4 Mpc in the planned Cosmic Explorer detector.