bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free field realization of the BMS Ising model
Authors: Yu Zhe-fei , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the inhomogeneous BMS free fermion theory, and show that it gives a free field realization of the BMS Ising model. We find that besides the BMS symmetry there exists an anisotropic scaling symmetry in BMS free fermion theory. As a result, the symmetry of the theory gets enhanced to an infinite dimensional symmetry generated by a new type of BMS-Kac-Moody algebra, different from the one found in the BMS free scalar model. Besides the different coupling of the u(1) Kac-Moody current to the BMS algebra, the Kac-Moody level is nonvanishing now such that the corresponding modules are further enlarged to BMS-Kac-Moody staggered modules. We show that there exists an underlying W (2, 2, 1) structure in the operator product expansion of the currents, and the BMS-Kac-Moody staggered modules can be viewed as highest-weight modules of this W-algebra. Moreover we obtain the BMS Ising model by a fermion-boson duality. This BMS Ising model is not a minimal model with respect to BMS3, since the minimal model construction based on BMS Kac determinant always leads to chiral Virasoro minimal models. Instead, the underlying algebra of the BMS Ising model is the W (2, 2, 1)-algebra, which can be understood as a quantum conformal BMS3 algebra.
Quantum parameters of the geometric Langlands theory
Authors: Zhao Yifei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFix a smooth, complete algebraic curve X over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero. To a reductive group G over k, we associate an algebraic stack $${\text {Par}}_G$$

Par
G

of quantum parameters for the geometric Langlands theory. Then we construct a family of (quasi-)twistings parametrized by $${\text {Par}}_G$$

Par
G

, whose module categories give rise to twisted $${\mathcal {D}}$$
D
-modules on $${\text {Bun}}_G$$

Bun
G

as well as quasi-coherent sheaves on the DG stack $${\text {LocSys}}_G$$

LocSys
G

.
Patients with trochlear dysplasia have dysplastic medial femoral epiphyseal plates
Authors: Kong Lingce , Kang Huijun , Niu Yingzhen , Hao Kuo , Fan Chongyi , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the growth of the epiphyseal plate in patients with trochlea dysplasia using a 3D computed tomography (CT)‐based reconstruction of the bony structure of the distal femur. The epiphysis plate was divided into a medial part and a lateral part to compare their differences in patients with trochlear dysplasia.MethodsThis retrospective study included 50 patients with trochlea dysplasia in the study group and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched patients in the control group. Based on the CT images, MIMICS was used to reconstruct the bony structure of the distal femur. Measurements included the surface area and volume of the growth plate (both medial and lateral), the surface area and capacity of the proximal trochlea, trochlea‐physis distance (TPD) (both medial and lateral), and height of the medial and lateral condyle.ResultsThe surface area of the medial epiphyseal plate (1339.8 ± 202.4 mm2 vs. 1596.6 ± 171.8 mm2), medial TPD (4.9 ± 2.8 mm vs. 10.6 ± 3.0 mm), height of the medial condyle (1.1 ± 2.5 mm vs. 4.9 ± 1.3 mm), and capacity of the proximal trochlear groove (821.7 ± 230.9 mm3 vs. 1520.0 ± 498.0 mm3) was significantly smaller in the study group than in the control group. A significant positive correlation was found among the area of the medial epiphyseal plate, the medial TPD, the height of the medial condyle and the capacity of the proximal trochlear groove (r = 0.502–0.638).ConclusionThe medial epiphyseal plate was dysplastic in patients with trochlea dysplasia. There is a significant positive correlation between the surface area of the medial epiphyseal plate, medial TPD, height of the medial condyle and capacity of the proximal trochlear groove, which can be used to evaluate the developmental stage of the trochlea in clinical practice and to guide targeted treatment of trochlear dysplasia.Level of evidenceIII.
Comparative analysis of the cutting performances of SiAlON ceramic, cubic boron nitride and carbide cutting tools for titanium machining
Authors: Phokobye Solomon Ntshiniki , Desai Dawood Ahmed , Tlhabadira Isaac , Sadiku Rotimi Emmanuel , Daniyan Ilesanmi Afolabi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe efficiency of machining operation is partly a function of the cutting parameters, such as the cutting speed, depth of cut and cutting feed rate. With an effective cutting performance of any cutting tool, manufacturing industries will remain competitive and hence strive to meet the dynamic service and functional requirements expected of the material. Hence, the purpose of this research is to experimentally perform a comparative analysis of the cutting performances of SiAlON, a ceramic alloy consisting of the elements: silicon, aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen; cubic boron nitride (CBN) and carbide cutting tools, during a titanium machining process. A face milling operation was performed on a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine from these three different types of cutting tools, for the determination of the cutting forces, cutting temperatures, cutting vibrations produced and the surface roughness, achieved during the machining of titanium (Ti-6Aℓ-4 V) alloy. The response surface methodology was adopted for the possible combination of the cutting parameters for the determination of the practical experimental results of the cutting responses.
Nd:YAG-photobiomodulation enhanced ADSCs multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation potentials
Authors: He Linhai , Zheng Yi , Liu Meng , Dong Xian , Shen Lihang , He Yang , An Jingang , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effects of Nd: YAG (1064 nm) photobiomodulation on multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation potentials of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiments, cells were divided into the control group (non-irradiated control ADSCs) and photobiomodulation groups. 0.5 J/cm2, 1 J/cm2, 2 J/cm2, and 4 J/cm2 were used for proliferation assays; for ADSCs adipogenic differentiation assays, 0.5 J/cm2, 1 J/cm2 were applied; 1 J/cm2 was used for migration and immunomodulation assays. The differentiation abilities were assessed by qPCR, Oil Red O staining, and Alizarin Red staining. The immunomodulation potential was assessed by qPCR and human cytokine array. DSS-induced colitis model. was used to test the effect of photobiomodulation on ADSCs immunomodulation potentials in vivo. Nd:YAG-based photobiomodulation dose-dependently promoted ADSCs proliferation and migration; 1 J/cm2 showed the best promotion effect on proliferation. Moreover, Nd:YAG photobiomodulation promoted ADSCs osteogenic differentiation and brown adipose adipogenic differentiation. The potential immunomodulation assays showed Nd:YAG photobiomodulation improved Anti-inflammation capacity of ADSCs and photobiomodulation irradiated ADSCs effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis severity in vivo. Our study suggests Nd:YAG photobiomodulation might enhance the ADSCs multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation potentials. These results might help to enhance ADSCs therapeutic effects for clinical application. However, further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of Nd:YAG photobiomodulation promoting multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation potentials of ADSCs.
In-vitro screening of compatible synbiotics and (introducing) “prophybiotics” as a tool to improve gut health
Authors: Wishna-Kadawarage Ramesha N. , Jensen Martin , Powałowski Szymon , Hickey Rita M. , Siwek Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynbiotics have been intensively studied recently to improve gut health of humans and animals. The success of synergistic synbiotics depends on the compatibility of the prebiotic and probiotic components. Certain plant extracts possess both antimicrobial and prebiotic properties representing a potential use in combination with probiotics to improve the gut health. Here, we coined the term “prophybiotics” to describe this combined bioactivity. The current study aimed to select prebiotics that are preferred as an energy source and antimicrobial plant extracts which do not inhibit the growth, of six strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB namely; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus) in-vitro to identify compatible combinations for potential synbiotic/prophybiotic use, respectively. Their growth kinetics were profiled in the presence of prebiotics: Inulin, Raffinose, and Saccharicterpenin with glucose, as the control, using carbohydrate free MRS broth media. Similarly, their growth kinetics in MRS broth supplemented with turmeric, green tea, and garlic extracts at varying concentrations were profiled. The results revealed the most compatible pairs of prebiotics and LAB. Turmeric and garlic had very little inhibitory effect on the growth of the LAB while green tea inhibited the growth of all LAB in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that turmeric and garlic have broad potential for use in prophybiotics, while the prebiotics studied here have limited use in synbiotics, with these LAB.
Kiosk accessibility challenges faced by people with disabilities: an analysis of domestic and international accessibility laws/guidelines and user focus group interviews
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim Hyun K. , Lee Yuryeon , Park Jaehyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA kiosk is a device that provides users with information or helps them trade goods/services using a touch screen; it is widely used because of its high availability, fast service, and short waiting time. Despite these advantages, users with various impairments currently face significant difficulties in using kiosks. Therefore, this study analyses the factors influencing the design of accessible kiosks to make them available to all users without discrimination. The literature analysis and focus group interviews with people with disabilities were conducted to explore the factors influencing kiosk accessibility design. Various global accessibility methods/standards related to kiosks were analysed and the major guidelines were identified. Moreover, kiosk accessibility problems experienced by people with disabilities were collected to derive accessibility functions that should be considered first. The main accessibility guidelines were classified into hardware size and space, complementation and replacement of input method, complementation and replacement of vision, and complementation and replacement of cognition. From the focus group interviews, we observed that visual impairment was highly related to voice support provision, high contrast function, and card input port design; hearing impairment was highly related to providing feedback other than voice and providing sign language personnel when using help buttons; and physical impairment was highly related to wheelchair-accessible kiosks and kiosk height control functions. This study analysed the main methods/standard guidelines of kiosk accessibility through a systematic literature analysis, analysed the accessibility problems when using kiosks, and compared them with major laws/standard guidelines.
A special family of non-symmetric semi-classical forms of class one
Authors: Zaatra Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA form (linear functional) v is called regular if there exists a sequence of polynomials $$\{S_{n}\}_{n\ge 0}$$

{

S
n

}

n
≥
0

, $$\deg (S_{n})=n$$

deg
(

S
n

)
=
n

, which is orthogonal with respect to v. $$\{S_{n}\}_{n\ge 0}$$

{

S
n

}

n
≥
0

is fully characterized by the following recurrence relation: $$S_{n+2}(x)=(x-\beta _{n+1})S_{n+1}(x)-\gamma _{n+1}S_{n}(x)$$

S

n
+
2

(
x
)

=

(
x
-

β

n
+
1

)

S

n
+
1

(
x
)

-

γ

n
+
1

S
n

(
x
)

, $$n\ge 0$$

n
≥
0

, with $$S_{0}(x)=1$$

S
0

(
x
)

=
1

, $$S_{1}(x)=x-\beta _{0}$$

S
1

(
x
)

=
x
-

β
0

and $$\gamma _{n+1}\ne 0$$

γ

n
+
1

≠
0

, $$n\ge 0$$

n
≥
0

. Such a form v is said be semi-classical if there exist polynomials $$\Psi (x)$$

Ψ
(
x
)

and $$\Phi (x)$$

Φ
(
x
)

with $$\deg (\Psi )\ge 1$$

deg
(
Ψ
)
≥
1

such that $$(\Phi v)' +\Psi v=0$$

(
Φ
v
)

′

+
Ψ
v
=
0

. When v is semi-classical and regular, its corresponding polynomial sequences $$\{S_{n}\}_{n\ge 0}$$

{

S
n

}

n
≥
0

are called semi-classical. In this work, we solve the system of Laguerre–Freud equations for the recurrence coefficients $$\beta _{n}$$

β
n

, $$\gamma _{n+1}$$

γ

n
+
1

, $$n\ge 0$$

n
≥
0

of the semi-classical orthogonal polynomials sequences of class one when $$\beta _{n}=t_{n-1}-t_{n}$$

β
n

=

t

n
-
1

-

t
n

and $$\gamma _{n+1}=-t_{n}(c+t_{n})$$

γ

n
+
1

=
-

t
n

(
c
+

t
n

)

with $$t_{n}(c+t_{n})\ne 0$$

t
n

(
c
+

t
n

)

≠
0

$$n\ge 0$$

n
≥
0

, $$t_{-1}=0$$

t

-
1

=
0

and $$c\in \mathbb {C}-\{0\} $$

c
∈
C
-
{
0
}

. There are essentially five canonical cases.
Environmental quality outlook of the leading oil producers and urbanized African states
Authors: ONIFADE Stephen Taiwo , ALOLA Andrew Adewale 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to explore the links between energy consumption and environmental quality in the wake of rapid urbanization in Africa with empirical insights from the cases of Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Egypt, and South Africa. These countries aside from being among the largest economies; are also among the leading energy producers and the most urbanized economies that emit the most carbon dioxide on the continent. Based on the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) panel ARDL estimator, the dynamics nexus between the variables was estimated vis-à-vis the short-run and long-run coefficients using relevant sample data between 1990 and 2015. The study further examines the channels of causality between the variables while also testing for the validity of the popular Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the panel of countries. The results confirm that the rising level of energy use significantly exacerbates the level of carbon emission among the countries in the study while growing urbanization significantly creates a negative impact on carbon emission. In addition, an increase in per capita income improves the environmental quality but the doubling of income per capita triggers environmental degradation, thus invalidating the EKC hypothesis in the examined panel economies. In essence, these countries have not reached the supposed turning point at which income growth can yield desirable emission mitigation effects. Following the findings, essential recommendations are provided for policymakers in the main text.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrogen Reduction of Lead-Silicate Slag
Authors: Rukini A. , Rhamdhani M. A. , Brooks G. A. , Van den Bulck A. , Van Rompaey T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA systematic study on the microstructure evolution and kinetics analysis of PbO–SiO2 slag reduction using hydrogen was conducted. The reduction was carried out on PbO–SiO2 pellets (70 wt pct PbO–30 wt pct SiO2; or 38.6 mol pct PbO and 61.4 mol pct SiO2) using 15 pctH2/85 pctN2 gas, with a flowrate of 500mL/min for various reaction time (30 minutes to 3 hours) isothermally at 300 °C to 700 °C. The kinetics and reaction mechanism were assessed by measuring the weight loss over reaction time and applying kinetics models on the data; supported by detailed samples characterizations. The results from microstructure observation show a viscous and blackish glass structure formed on the pellets when the reduction was carried out above softening point (glass transition temperature). This viscous structure appeared to reduce the overall reduction rate. The kinetics analysis shows that the reduction appeared to be a diffusion-controlled process. The activation energy, Ea, was calculated to be 70.7 kJ/mol at temperature range of 300 °C to 500 °C; while between 500 °C and 700 °C the kinetics were found to decrease with increasing temperature due to the formation of the viscous glass. These results suggest that for a complete reduction in industrial process, the formation of the viscous glassy state should be avoided.
Dbx2, an Aging-Related Homeobox Gene, Inhibits the Proliferation of Adult Neural Progenitors
Authors: Giuliani Andrea , Licursi Valerio , Nisi Paola S. , Fiore Mario , D’Angelo Sara , Biagioni Stefano , Negri Rodolfo , Rugg-Gunn Peter J. , Cacci Emanuele , Lupo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the adult mouse brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) underlying the lateral ventricles harbours a population of quiescent neural stem cells, which can be activated (aNSCs) to initiate proliferation and generate a neurogenic lineage consisting of transit amplifying progenitors (TAPs), neuroblasts (NBs) and newborn neurons. This process is markedly reduced during aging. Recent studies suggest that the aged SVZ niche decreases the pool of proliferating neural/stem progenitor cells (NSPCs), and hence adult neurogenesis, by causing transcriptomic changes that promote NSC quiescence. The transcription factors that mediate these changes, however, remain unclear. We previously found that the homeobox gene Dbx2 is upregulated in NSPCs of the aged mouse SVZ and can inhibit the growth of NSPC cultures. Here, we further investigate its role as a candidate transcriptional regulator of neurogenic decline. We show that Dbx2 expression is downregulated by Epidermal Growth Factor receptor signaling, which promotes NSPC proliferation and decreases in the aged SVZ. By means of transgenic NSPC lines overexpressing Dbx2, we also show that this gene inhibits NSPC proliferation by hindering the G2/M transition. Furthermore, we exploit RNA sequencing of transgenic NSPCs to elucidate the transcriptomic networks modulated by Dbx2. Among the top hits, we report the downregulation of the molecular pathways implicated in cell cycle progression. Accordingly, we find that Dbx2 function is negatively correlated with the transcriptional signatures of proliferative NSPCs (aNSCs, TAPs and early NBs). These results point to Dbx2 as a transcription factor relaying the anti-neurogenic input of the aged niche to the NSPC transcriptome.
Graphical Abstract
An Investigation into the Relationship of Circulating Gut Microbiome Molecules and Inflammatory Markers with the Risk of Incident Dementia in Later Life
Authors: Oluwagbemigun Kolade , Anesi Andrea , Vrhovsek Urska , Mattivi Fulvio , Martino Adami Pamela , Pentzek Michael , Scherer Martin , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Weyerer Siegfried , Bickel Horst , Wiese Birgitt , Schmid Matthias , Cryan John F. , Ramirez Alfredo , Wagner Michael , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome may be involved in the occurrence of dementia primarily through the molecular mechanisms of producing bioactive molecules and promoting inflammation. Epidemiological evidence linking gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers to dementia risk has been mixed, and the intricate interplay between these groups of biomarkers suggests that their joint investigation in the context of dementia is warranted. We aimed to simultaneously investigate the association of circulating levels of selected gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers with dementia risk. This case–cohort epidemiological study included 805 individuals (83 years, 66% women) free of dementia at baseline. Plasma levels of 19 selected gut microbiome molecules comprising lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and indole-containing tryptophan metabolites as well as four inflammatory markers measured at baseline were linked to incident all-cause (ACD) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) in binary outcomes and time-to-dementia analyses. Independent of several covariates, seven gut microbiome molecules, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acryloylglycine, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid, but no inflammatory markers discriminated incident dementia cases from non-cases. Furthermore, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (hazard ratio: 0.58; 0.36–0.94, P = 0.025) was associated with time-to-ACD. These molecules underpin gut microbiome-host interactions in the development of dementia and they may be crucial in its prevention and intervention strategies. Future larger epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings, specifically in exploring the repeatedly measured circulating levels of these molecules and investigating their causal relationship with dementia risk.
Prenatal Metals Exposure and pre-adolescents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Lozano Manuel , Broberg Karin , Soler-Blasco Raquel , Riutort-Mayol Gabriel , Ballester Ferran , González Llúcia , Murcia Mario , Grimalt Joan O. , Gil Fernando , Olmedo Pablo , Braeuer Simone , Casas Maribel , Guxens Mònica , Irizar Amaia , Lertxundi Nerea , Zubero Miren Begoña , Marina Loreto Santa , Llop Sabrina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmotional and behavioral problems during childhood raise the risk of subsequent developmental of mental disorders. Our aim was to study the association between maternal metal and trace element concentrations during gestation and these problems in 9 year-old children. The study sample comprised Spanish mother-child pairs in the INMA project (n = 1003). Metals and trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl and Zn) were measured in urine samples collected during pregnancy. Inorganic As metabolites were speciated in a subsample (n = 729). Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) composed of three scales: internalizing, externalizing and total problems. Sociodemographic, dietary and exposure to other environmental pollutants were obtained through questionnaires. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in brain- and metabolism-related genes APOE, BDNF, GSTP1, and PON1 were determined in cord blood. Multivariate negative binomial models were used. The interaction with sex and genotypes was evaluated including interaction terms. A multi-element analysis was carried out by a principal component analysis. Higher concentrations of Cu, monomethylarsonic acid, and Pb during pregnancy were associated with an increased incidence ratio risk (IRR) between 4.6 and 7.5% for internalizing and externalizing problems for all three CBCL scales in the children. Increasing Mo, Ni and Co concentrations were associated with higher IRR for internalizing problems (up to 8%), and Cd for externalizing problems (6.7%). Modifications by sex and genotypes were found for several associations. Multi-element analysis associated multiple metals and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Se, Cd and Pb) with higher internalizing problems.