bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning model of imipenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae based on MALDI‐TOF‐MS platform: An observational study
Authors: Zeng Yu , Wang Chao , Ye Qing , Liu Gang , Zhang Lixia , Wan Jingjing , Zhu Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimMachine learning is an important branch and supporting technology of artificial intelligence, we established four machine learning model for the drug sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and compared their diagnostic effect.MethodsThe data of MALDI‐TOF‐MS and imipenem sensitivity of 174 cases of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in the laboratory of microbiology department of Tianjin Haihe Hospital from 2019 January to 2020 December were collected. The mass spectrometry and imipenem sensitivity of 70 cases of imipenem‐sensitive and 70 resistant cases were randomly selected to establish the training set model, 17 cases of sensitive and 17 cases of resistant cases were randomly selected to establish the test set model. Mass spectral peak data were subjected to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), the training set data model was established by machine learning least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, logistic regression (LR) algorithm, support vector machines (SVM) algorithm, neural network (NN) algorithm, the area under the curve (AUC) and confusion matrix of training set and test set model were calculated and selected by Grid search and 3‐fold Cross‐validation respectively, the accuracy of the prediction model was verified by test set confusion matrix.ResultsThe R²Y and Q² of OPLS‐DA were 0.546 and 0.0178. The AUC of the best training set and test set models were 0.9726 and 0.9100, 1.0000 and 0.8581, 0.8462 and 0.6263, 1.0000 and 0.7180 evaluated by LASSO, LR, SVM and NN model respectively. The accuracy of the LASSO, LR, SVM and NN model were 87%, 79%, 62%, and 68% in test set, respectively.ConclusionThe LASSO prediction model of K. pneumoniae sensitivity to imipenem established in this study has a high accuracy rate and has potential clinical decision support ability.
Self‐assessed medication risk factors as part of comprehensive health screening in home‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Kanninen Jonna‐Carita , Puustinen Juha , Airaksinen Marja , Kautiainen Hannu , Koivisto Anna‐Liisa , Hietasalo Pauliina , Heikkilä Anna‐Maija , Kunvik Susanna , Toivo Terhi , Dimitrow Maarit , Bergman Jussi , Holm Anu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor medication management may negatively impact the health and functional capacity of older adults. This cross‐sectional study aimed to identify medication‐related risk factors in home‐dwelling residents using a validated self‐assessment as part of comprehensive health screening.MethodsThe data were derived from comprehensive health screening (PORI75) for older adults of 75 years living in Western Finland in 2020 and 2021. One of 30 validated measures in health screening focused on identifying medication‐related risk factors (LOTTA Checklist). The Checklist items were divided into (1) systemic risk factors (10 items) and (2) potentially drug‐induced symptoms (10 items). Polypharmacy was categorized according to the number of used drugs: (1) no polypharmacy (<5 drugs), (2) polypharmacy (≥5 and <10), and (3) excessive polypharmacy (≥10). The linearity across these three polypharmacy groups was evaluated using the Cochran–Armitage test.ResultsAltogether, 1024 out of 1094 residents who participated in the health screening consented to this study (n = 569 in 2020 and n = 459 in 2021). The mean number of all drugs in use was 7.0 (range 0−26; SD 4.1), with 71% of the residents using >5 drugs, that is, having polypharmacy. Of the systemic risk factors most common was that the resident had more than one physician responsible for the treatment (48% of the residents), followed by missing drug list (43%), missing regular monitoring (35%), and unclear durations of the medication (35%). The most experienced potentially drug‐induced symptoms were self‐reported constipation (21%), urinating problems (20%), and unusual tiredness (17%). An increasing number of drugs in use, particularly excessive polypharmacy, was associated with various medication‐related risk factors.ConclusionAs a part of comprehensive health screening the LOTTA Checklist provides useful information to prevent medication‐related risk factors in home‐dwelling older adults. The Checklist could be used to guide planning and implementing health services in the future.
Effects of exercise habits in adolescence and older age on sarcopenia risk in older adults: the Bunkyo Health Study
Authors: Tabata Hiroki , Otsuka Hikaru , Shi Huicong , Sugimoto Mari , Kaga Hideyoshi , Someya Yuki , Naito Hitoshi , Ito Naoaki , Abudurezake Abulaiti , Umemura Futaba , Kiya Mai , Tajima Tsubasa , Kakehi Saori , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, defined as an age‐associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a major risk factor for requiring long‐term care. Because physical activity in adolescence and older age enhances peak muscle function in youth and prevents muscle function decline in older age, older adults with exercise habits during both periods may be at a lower risk for sarcopenia. We investigated the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and older age and sarcopenia and its components in community‐dwelling older Japanese adults.MethodsThis study included 1607 community‐dwelling individuals (aged 65–84, medians 73 years, 679 men and 928 women) with complete health examinations, including measurements of skeletal muscle index, handgrip strength and gait speed, who were enrolled in the Bunkyo Health Study. We divided the participants into four groups according to exercise habits in adolescence and older age: no exercise in either period (none‐none; NN), exercise only in adolescence (active‐none; AN), exercise only in older age (none‐active; NA) and exercise in both periods (active‐active; AA). Multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in each group for the prevalence of sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass and low muscle performance, as compared with the NN group. Low muscle performance was defined as low muscle strength and/or low gait speed.ResultsThe total prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.6% (45/679) in men and 1.7% (16/928) in women, the total prevalence of low muscle mass was 14.3% (97/679) in men and 5.2% (48/928) in women, and the total prevalence of low muscle performance was 25.6% (174/679) in men and 19.6% (182/928) in women. In men, the ORs (95% CIs) for sarcopenia, low muscle mass and low muscle performance were significantly lower in the AA group (sarcopenia: 0.29 [0.09–0.95], P = 0.041; low muscle mass: 0.21 [0.09–0.52], P = 0.001; and low muscle performance: 0.52 [0.28–0.97], P = 0.038). In women, the OR (95% CI) for low muscle performance was significantly lower in the AA group than in the other groups (0.48 [0.27–0.84], P = 0.010), whereas none of the ORs for sarcopenia and low muscle mass were significant.ConclusionsOlder men with exercise habits in both adolescence and older age were at a lower risk of sarcopenia, low muscle mass and low muscle performance, whereas older women with exercise habits at both time periods were at a lower risk of low muscle performance.
Instability of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites at 4°C: Time to freeze matters
Authors: Carbillet Jeffrey , Palme Rupert , Maublanc Marie‐Line , Cebe Nicolas , Gilot‐Fromont Emmanuelle , Verheyden Hélène , Rey Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of fecal corticosteroid metabolites (FCMs) has proven to be well suited to evaluate adrenocortical activity, a major component of the stress response, particularly in wildlife. As with any tools, confounding factors and drawbacks must be carefully considered. Among them, sample preservation and storage are of particular importance, as they can affect stability of FCMs and lead to biased results and interpretations. Arguably, immediate freezing of fecal samples upon collection is the best practice to preserve FCM integrity, however, for logistical reasons, this condition is rarely feasible in the field. It is generally argued that temporary storage of samples at low above‐zero temperature is an acceptable way of preserving samples in the field before freezing them for long‐term storage. However, to our knowledge, there is no empirical study that demonstrates the stability of fecal metabolites in samples stored at +4°C. In this study, we collected a fresh fecal sample from 20 captive roe deer, each of which was homogenized and split into three subsamples (60 subsamples in total) to investigate the effects on FCMs levels of temporary storage at +4°C for 24 h and 48 h before freezing versus immediate freezing at −20°C after feces collection. Compared to immediate freezing, mean FCMs levels decreased by 25% every 24 h when feces were stored at +4°C before freezing. The variance of FCMs levels followed the same pattern, leading to a clear reduction in the ability to detect biological effects. Minimizing the storage time at +4°C before freezing should therefore be seriously considered when establishing sampling and storage protocols for feces in the field for adequate hormonal profiling.
TRIM21 promotes ubiquitination of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein to regulate innate immunity
Authors: Mao Shenglan , Cai Xuefei , Niu Siqiang , Wei Jie , Jiang Ning , Deng Haijun , Wang Wen , Zhang Jing , Shen Shimei , Ma Yuanyan , Wu Xiaoli , Peng Qiling , Huang Ailong , Wang Deqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe innate immune response is the first line of host defense against viral infections, but its role in immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 remains unclear. By using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy, we observed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 interacted with the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and ubiquitinated it at Lys375. Upon determining the topology of the TRIM21‐mediated polyubiquitination chain on N protein, we then found that polyubiquitination led to tagging of the N protein for degradation by the host cell proteasome. Furthermore, TRIM21 also ubiquitinated the N proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron together with SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV variants. Herein, we propose that ubiquitylation and degradation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 viral particle assembly, by which it probably involved in preventing cytokine storm. Eventually, our study has fully revealed the association between the host innate immune system and SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein, which may aid in developing novel SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment strategies.
Metformin promotes bacterial surface aggregation by inhibiting the swimming motility of flagellated Escherichia coli
Authors: Jiang Panmei , Ye Yingxiang , Liu Jian , Wang Fangbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe antiglycemic drug metformin, which is widely prescribed as a first‐line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has become a concern for emerging pollutants in natural ecosystems. However, its effects on bacterial swimming motility remain unclear. In this study, we showed that metformin promotes bacterial surface aggregation by tracking swimming and by measuring the density distribution of Escherichia coli cultured with metformin near a surface in a homogeneous environment. Flagella are essential for the promotion of bacterial surface aggregation by metformin. Swimming motility, which is mediated by flagella, determines bacterial surface aggregation. The promotion of bacterial surface aggregation by metformin is caused by a reduction in swimming motility, which is governed by a decrease in the proton motive force. Our results reveal that metformin has a pronounced effect on flagellated bacterial motility associated with surface sensing and aggregation.
Questionnaire survey on the conceptual framework, optimal evaluation, and support measures for children's language disorders in Japan using the Delphi method
Authors: Iwamura Kenji , Isaki Motohiro , Uchiyama Chizuko , Nomura Keiko , Tanimoto Ayumi , Kuroiwa Hajime , Kozono Machiko , Iwashita Yoshihiro , Iwamura Junko , Hyodo Masamitsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compile the opinions of native Japanese speakers on the conceptual framework, optimal evaluation, and support measures for children with language disorders to devise materials on which a consensus can be formed.DesignA quantitative descriptive study using the Delphi method.SettingUsing the Delphi method, 43 clinicians with at least 15 years of experience working professionally with children's language disorders in Japan were surveyed three times via a web‐based questionnaire. Thirty‐nine items that were carefully selected by the working group were surveyed, and the agreement level was set to ≥80%.Main Outcome MeasuresWe investigated the following aspects related to developmental language disorder (DLD) among Japanese children: definition, core symptoms, evaluation of core symptoms, relationship with a second language, relationship with other related disorders, support systems, and information availability.ResultsOverall, 43 qualified panel members were included in this study. Among the 39 items in the questionnaire, a high level of consensus (≥80%) from the responses of the participants was achieved for five items in Round 1, whereas no consensus (<50%) was achieved for seven items. After revising and integrating the questionnaires into 22 items, we conducted Rounds 2 and 3 and obtained high and medium levels of agreement in 20 items on disease concept, core symptoms, coexisting disorders, and manner of support of DLD in children.ConclusionOur results clarify the previously ambiguous image of DLD in Japan. Information‐sharing strategies that connect professionals, patients, their families, and community members are required in the future.Level of Evidence5
The new guideline for evaluating effects of psychotropic drugs on the performance to drive a motor vehicle in Japan: Comparison with US FDA guideline
Authors: Iwamoto Kunihiro , Nakabayashi Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Konishi Yuki , Saji Momoe , Yoshimura Reiji , Kanemoto Kousuke , Aoki Hirofumi , Ando Masahiko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn December 2022, the new guideline for evaluating the effect of psychotropic drugs on the performance to drive a motor vehicle was issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and implemented in Japan. Of the safety information, information on the influence of medications on driving performance is particularly important because it can be relevant to the social functioning of patients. In principle, the package inserts of medications are designed based on evidence and provide precautions regarding the operation of heavy machinery such as automobiles in Japan, the United States, and Europe. The effects of medications on driving performance are generally evaluated in a tiered approach involving nonclinical and clinical studies. Because of the wide variety of functional domains involved in automobile driving, the selection of evaluation methods for a given medication depends on their characteristics, which is a complicated method. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of psychotropic drugs on driving performance efficiently and appropriately, we developed the MHLW guideline that specifically defines the evaluation methods used in pharmacological studies, the neuropsychological tests used in pharmacodynamic studies, and the situations in which driving studies are necessary. Regarding the planning of appropriate drug development strategies, we review the background of the MHLW guideline and its differences from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline.
Infertility and treatment‐seeking practices among females and males with sickle cell disease in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium registry
Authors: Stevenson Eleanor , Tanabe Paula , Knisely Mitchell , Masese Rita , Bulgin Dominique , Preiss Liliana , Hankins Jane S. , King Allison A. , Gordeuk Victor , Shah Nirmish 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of infertility and infertility treatment seeking among people enrolled in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry and identify sociodemographic and clinical correlates of infertility.DesignCross‐sectional.ParticipantsThe study population included 2108 women and men (≥18 years of age) enrolled in the SCDIC registry who completed the fertility questionnaire.ResultsAll participants who completed the infertility‐specific questions were included in the analysis (1224 females; 884 males). Of these, 16.9% of males and 23.7% of females reported infertility, in contrast to rates in the general population (12% of males; 11% of females). Only 22.8% of this subgroup had sought a fertility consultation; of these, 41% received infertility testing and 58% received advice, yet only a few received specific treatment: ovulation medication (19.1%), fallopian tubal surgery (4.8%), other female treatment (17.5%), varicocelectomy (8.1%), or other male treatment (10.8%). Increasing age, employment status, and interaction between gender and single marital status are associated with reported infertility. We did not observe differences between groups relative to sickle cell disease (SCD) genotype, a broad category of self‐reported hydroxyurea use any time during life, type of medical insurance, income, or education.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine self‐reported identification of and treatment for infertility among a large sample of people with SCD. These findings suggest that (a) infertility occurs at a higher rate, but fertility care treatment seeking is less frequent than in the general public; and (b) sociodemographic and clinical differences between individuals who report experiencing infertility and those who do not did not emerge in this study.
Proteome profiling highlights mechanisms underlying pigment and tocopherol accumulation in red and black rice seeds
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Min Cheol Woo , Jung Ju‐Young , Ham Tae‐Ho , Jeon Jong‐Seong , Cho Lae‐Hyeon , Kwon Soon Wook , Kim Sun Tae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRice is a major component of the human diet and feeds more than 50 million people across the globe. We previously developed two pigmented rice cultivars, Super‐hongmi (red seeds) and Super‐jami (black seeds), that are highly rich in antioxidants and exhibit high levels of radical scavenging activities. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of pigments and different antioxidants in these rice cultivars remains largely elusive. Here, we report the proteome profiles of mature Super‐hongmi and Super‐jami seeds, and compared them with the Hopum (white seeds) using a label‐free quantitative proteomics approach. This approach led to the identification of 5127 rice seed proteins of which 1628 showed significant changes in the pigmented rice cultivar(s). The list of significantly modulated proteins included a phytoene desaturase (PDS3) which suggested accumulation of ζ‐carotene in red seeds while the black seeds seem to accumulate more of anthocyanins because of the higher abundance of dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase. Moreover, proteins associated with lignin and tocopherol biosynthesis were highly increased in both red and black cultivars. Taken together, these data report the seed proteome of three different colored rice seeds and identify novel components associated with pigment accumulation in rice.
Gate‐Tunable van der Waals Photodiodes with an Ultrahigh Peak‐to‐Valley Current Ratio
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Wang Hailu , Zhao Qixiao , Kang Mengyang , Xia Mengjia , Luo Min , Dong Yi , Duan Shikun , Dai Fuxing , Wei Wenrui , Li Yunhai , Wang Jinjin , Li Tangxin , Fang Yongzheng , Liu Yufeng , Xie Runzhang , Fu Xiao , Dong Lixin , Miao Jinshui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotodetectors and imagers based on 2D layered materials are currently subject to a rapidly expanding application space, with an increasing demand for cost‐effective and lightweight devices. However, the underlying carrier transport across the 2D homo‐ or heterojunction channel driven by the external electric field, like a gate or drain bias, is still unclear. Here, a visible‐near infrared photodetector based on van der Waals stacked molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) and black phosphorus (BP) is reported. The type‐I and type‐II band alignment can be tuned by the gate and drain voltage combined showing a dynamic modulation of the conduction polarity and negative differential transconductance. The heterojunction devices show a good photoresponse to light illumination ranging from 520–2000 nm. The built‐in potential at the MoTe2/BP interface can efficiently separate photoexcited electron–hole pairs with a high responsivity of 290 mA W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 70%, and a fast photoresponse of 78 µs under zero bias.
Bubble‐Based Microrobots with Rapid Circular Motions for Epithelial Pinning and Drug Delivery
Authors: Lee Jin Gyun , Raj Ritu R. , Thome Cooper P. , Day Nicole B. , Martinez Payton , Bottenus Nick , Gupta Ankur , Wyatt Shields C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRemotely powered microrobots are proposed as next‐generation vehicles for drug delivery. However, most microrobots swim with linear trajectories and lack the capacity to robustly adhere to soft tissues. This limits their ability to navigate complex biological environments and sustainably release drugs at target sites. In this work, bubble‐based microrobots with complex geometries are shown to efficiently swim with non‐linear trajectories in a mouse bladder, robustly pin to the epithelium, and slowly release therapeutic drugs. The asymmetric fins on the exterior bodies of the microrobots induce a rapid rotational component to their swimming motions of up to ≈150 body lengths per second. Due to their fast speeds and sharp fins, the microrobots can mechanically pin themselves to the bladder epithelium and endure shear stresses commensurate with urination. Dexamethasone, a small molecule drug used for inflammatory diseases, is encapsulated within the polymeric bodies of the microrobots. The sustained release of the drug is shown to temper inflammation in a manner that surpasses the performance of free drug controls. This system provides a potential strategy to use microrobots to efficiently navigate large volumes, pin at soft tissue boundaries, and release drugs over several days for a range of diseases.
Magnetic Microsphere Scaffold‐Based Soft Microbots for Targeted Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery
Authors: Tian Yuan , Han Wei , Yeung King Lun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA soft microbot assembled from individual magnetic microsphere scaffold (MMS) beads carrying mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is navigated under magnetic actuation, where an oscillating field induces mechanical flexion to propel the microbot toward the target site. A seven‐bead microbot attained a top translational speed of 205.6 µm s−1 (0.068 body length s−1) under 10 mT and 2 Hz field oscillation. The shallow flexion angle (10–24.5°) allows precision movements required to navigate narrow spaces. Upon arrival at the target site, the MMS beads unload their MSC cargo following exposure to a phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solution, mimicking the extracellular fluid's sodium concentration. The released stem cells have excellent viability and vitality, promoting rapid healing (i.e., 83.2% vs 49%) in a scratch‐wound assay. When paired with minimally invasive surgical methods, such as laparoscopy and endoscopic surgery, the microbot can provide precise stem cell delivery to hard‐to‐reach injury sites in the body to promote healing. Moreover, the microbot is designed to be highly versatile, with individual MMS beads customizable for cargoes of live cells, biomolecules, bionanomaterials, and pharmaceutical compounds for various therapeutic requirements.