bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of RBFNN Based on Improved PSO Optimization Algorithm for Performance and Emissions Prediction of a High‐Pressure Common‐Rail Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Wang Guiyong , Yao Guozhong , Yang Lu , Li Jinlong , He Shuchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is improve calibration efficiency and obtain accurate diesel engine operating parameters, achieving improved diesel engine emissions and fuel efficiency. A PSO‐RBF (particle swarm optimization‐radial basis function) diesel engine performance prediction model combining an improved PSO (particle swarm optimization algorithm and an RBF neural network is proposed. A space‐filling experimental design method for diesel engine performance prediction is proposed based on the actual operating conditions of diesel engines. Training data are collected at the bench to build the RBF prediction model. An optimization PSO search method is proposed to improve the PSO optimization capability. An improved PSO algorithm is used to optimize the model and improve prediction accuracy. Then the BSFC (diesel brake‐specific fuel consumption), NOx ((Nitrogen Oxid), CO (Carbon Monoxide), and HC (Hydrocarbon) prediction models are constructed. Results show that the PSO‐RBF can find the global solution with good prediction accuracy and generalization ability during small amounts of data. The PSO‐RBF model fitting degrees of BSFC, NOx, CO, and HC are 0.9952, 0.9910, 0.9820, and 0.9870 respectively. Mean relative errors are 3.02%, 2.78%, 1.39%, and 2.01% respectively. Mean absolute percentage errors are 1.58%, 3.26%, 3.69%, and 2.96% respectively. The optimized model R2 (Model determination coefficient) is improved by 0.065, 0.102, 0.10, and 0.085, respectively.
Real‐Time Dissection of the Transportation and miRNA‐Release Dynamics of Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Xia Hou‐Fu , Yu Zi‐Li , Zhang Li‐Juan , Liu Shu‐Lin , Zhao Yi , Huang Jue , Fu Dan‐Dan , Xie Qi‐Hui , Liu Hai‐Ming , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Zhao Yi‐Fang , Wu Min , Zhang Wei , Pang Dai‐Wen , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived membrane‐enclosed structures that deliver biomolecules for intercellular communication. Developing visualization methods to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of EVs’ behaviors will facilitate their understanding and translation. With a quantum dot (QD) labeling strategy, a single particle tracking (SPT) platform is proposed here for dissecting the dynamic behaviors of EVs. The interplays between tumor cell‐derived small EVs (T‐sEVs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are specifically investigated based on this platform. It is revealed that, following a clathrin‐mediated endocytosis by ECs, T‐sEVs are transported to the perinuclear region in a typical three‐stage pattern. Importantly, T‐sEVs frequently interact with and finally enter lysosomes, followed by quick release of their carried miRNAs. This study, for the first time, reports the entire process and detailed dynamics of T‐sEV transportation and cargo‐release in ECs, leading to better understanding of their proangiogenic functions. Additionally, the QD‐based SPT technique will help uncover more secrets of sEV‐mediated cell–cell communication.
Stabilizing Zn Metal Anodes via Cation/Anion Regulation toward High Energy Density Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Ran , Yang Jingjing , Han Xiaomin , Wang Yahui , Ni Qiao , Hu Zhifan , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, energy density improvement and lifespan prolongation of AZBs are impeded by the poor reversibility of Zn anodes. Instead of focusing on restraining the water activity that has been widely discussed, this work reports a unique strategy to eliminate the side reactions, which is the simultaneous regulation of cation and anion fluxes by microporous material. The as‐synthesized protective layer possesses an excellent sieving ability to repel sulfate infiltration by channel effect and via the electric field, and homogenizes Zn ion flux to achieve a dendrite‐free morphology, which is confirmed by the electrochemical and theoretical investigations. The protected anode exhibits a long lifespan (2400 h), deep Zn plating/stripping, and high current tolerance (100 mA cm−2). As a result, the full battery achieves a capacity retention of 76.4% after 7500 cycles, and in the anode‐free configuration, a high energy density of 192.8 Wh kg−1 is observed, which is more than 50 times that of a full battery with a Zn foil anode. By regulating the cations and anions simultaneously, the proposed strategy provides a low‐cost remedy to achieve the practical scale‐up of AZBs.
Relationship between Energetic Disorder and Reduced Recombination of Free Carriers in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mehrdad , Wilken Sebastian , Sun Bowen , Huang Fei , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Shoaee Safa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReducing non‐radiative recombination is key to achieve high fill factors (FFs) in organic solar cells. While it is generally accepted that recombination proceeds via charge transfer (CT) states at the donor:acceptor interface, the underlying principles that dictate the decay kinetics of these CT states are not yet well understood. Here, a study on the effect of energetic disorder is presented. Based on a data set of 10 representative donor:acceptor blends, clear correlations between disorder, the recombination coefficient of free charge carriers, and the non‐radiative voltage loss are found. It is suggested that a narrower distribution of CT energies leads to a longer CT decay time and thus reduces non‐radiative losses. This leads to a simultaneous improvement of the FF and open circuit voltage and highlights the importance of having materials with low energetic disorder on the way to the commercialisation of organic photovoltaics.
Strategies to Improve the Photochromic Properties and Photovoltaic Performances of Naphthopyran Dyes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mwalukuku Valid M. , Liotier Johan , Riquelme Antonio J. , Kervella Yann , Huaulmé Quentin , Haurez Alix , Narbey Stéphanie , Anta Juan Antonio , Demadrille Renaud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSemi‐transparent solar cells are emerging as promising devices for building integrated photovoltaics. However, regardless of the technology considered, the optical transmission of semi‐transparent solar cells is fixed during the fabrication process, and hence, cannot adjust to variations in daylight or weather conditions. This becomes an issue when applications such as photovoltaic windows are envisioned. Previously, it has been reported that the use of photochromic naphthopyran dyes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) allows for the fabrication of semi‐transparent devices capable of modulating their light transmission and energy production depending on light intensity. Herein, a series of naphthopyran dyes with an identical pi‐conjugated backbone and varying alkyl substituents is reported. Using this molecular engineering strategy, the control of the discoloration kinetics of the photochromic dyes and the reduction of undesirable recombination processes when utilised in solar cells is demonstrated. The clear photochromic‐photovoltaic structure‐property relationships for these new photosensitizers is established and they are shown to demonstrate improved photovoltaic performances and photochromic responses in DSSC with notably faster discoloration than previously reported. For the first time with photochromic molecules, the co‐sensitization of the electrodes is explored and the highest power conversion efficiency for a photochromic DSSC is reported, reaching up to 4.34% under standard conditions.
Few‐shot learning for plant disease recognition: A review
Authors: Sun Jianqiang , Cao Wei , Fu Xi , Ochi Sunao , Yamanaka Takehiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonitoring plant diseases is essential for farmers to secure crop quantity and quality. Deep learning has recently been applied to plant disease recognition to help farmers take prompt and proper actions to prevent reductions in crop quantity and quality. Generally, deep learning requires a large‐scale dataset with supervised information annotated often by specialists. However, because collecting plant disease images in natural environments is difficult and obtaining proper annotations from specialists is costly, deep learning is infeasible for plant disease recognition tasks. Few‐shot learning (FSL) is an alternative for plant disease recognition using prior knowledge. Although FSL has attracted considerable attention, comprehensive reports on the application of FSL methods for plant disease recognition are required. Here, we introduce FSL with its applications in plant disease recognition. We begin with an overview of computer vision tasks using machine learning and FSL. We provide practical examples of FSL applications. Utilizing these practical examples, we describe different approaches for data augmentation and FSL methods of embedding, multitask learning, transfer learning, and meta‐learning. Further, we summarize how models are optimized for performance with reference to existing studies. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, along with potential challenges for FSL applications in plant disease recognition.
Determinants of small farmers' participation in contract farming in developing countries: A study in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Viet , Nguyen Vinh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the determinants of farmers' participation in contract farming by using a qualitative approach and empirically assess the impact of the factors withdrawn from the qualitative analysis and previous studies by employing the probit model in Vietnam. The qualitative analysis illustrates 10 original factors that affect farmers' participation in contract farming, including cooperative membership, quality certifications, sale preferences, farming difficulties, technology, supporting policy and program, estimation of oversupply, market information flow, association membership, and experience of contract farming failure. The quantitative analysis provides empirical evidence that female heads, firm consulting activities, firm scales, cooperative membership, quality certifications, and good‐road locations can significantly and positively influence farmers' participation in contract farming. Cooperative membership and quality certifications are the most important factors. Contrary to the expectation, head education and good soil negatively impact farmers' participation in contract farming. Besides, bad soil can hinder farmers from participating in contract farming. [EconLit Citations: C12, L24, O13, O14, Q12, Q18].
Monkeypox‐Associated Central Nervous System Disease: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Money Kelli M. , Barnett T. Allen , Rapaka Samuel , Osborn Rebecca , Kitani Takashi , Fuguet Daniel , Amjad Faria , Clark Jeffrey R. , Chakravarty Debanjana , Copeland Matthew J. , Honce Justin M. , Kumar Princy N. , Kumar Rebecca N. , Mousa‐Ibrahim Fady , Sirdar Bilaal , Sobota Rafal , Tang Mengxuan , Bolon Maureen K. , Russell Eric J. , Wilson Michael , Tornatore Carlo , Batra Ayush , Tyler Kenneth L. , Pastula Daniel M. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveMonkeypox virus (MPXV) disease has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, creating an urgent need for neurologists to be able to recognize, diagnosis, and treat MPXV‐associated neurologic disease.MethodsThree cases of MPXV‐associated central nervous system (CNS) disease occurring during the 2022 outbreak, and their associated imaging findings are presented, with 2 cases previously published in a limited capacity in a public health bulletin.ResultsThree previously healthy immunocompetent gay men in their 30s developed a febrile illness followed by progressive neurologic symptoms with presence of a vesiculopustular rash. MPXV nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from skin lesions of 2 patients, with the third patient having indeterminate testing but an epidemiologic link to a confirmed MPXV disease case. Cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated a lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and negative MPXV‐specific PCR. In 2 patients, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine demonstrated partially enhancing, longitudinally extensive central spinal cord lesions with multifocal subcortical, basal ganglia, thalamic, cerebellar, and/or brainstem lesions. The third patient had thalamic and basal ganglia lesions. All patients received 14 days of tecovirimat, and 2 patients also received multiple forms of immunotherapy, including intravenous immunoglobulin, pulsed high‐dose steroids, plasmapheresis, and/or rituximab. Good neurologic recovery was observed in all cases.InterpretationMPXV can be associated with CNS disease. It is unclear whether this is from a parainfectious immune‐mediated injury or direct CNS viral invasion. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:893–905
Dielectric, electric, and piezoelectric properties of three‐phase piezoelectric composite based on castor‐oil polyurethane, lead zirconate titanate particles and multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Freire Filho Fernando C. M. , Santos Josiane A. , Sanches Alex O. , Medeiros Eliton S. , Malmonge José A. , Silva Michael J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the electrical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ferroelectric ceramic/castor‐oil polyurethane (PUR) composite films were evaluated. The three‐phase piezoelectric composites were produced by keeping PUR concentration constant while varying lead zirconate titanate (PZT) volume fractions between 10 and 50 vol.%, at two MWCNT concentrations: above and below percolation threshold. Thedcelectrical conductivity analysis revealed that small amounts of MWCNTs dispersed within PUR/PZT composite films can significantly improve electrical and piezoelectric properties due to their ability to act as conductive bridges between PZT particles in the samples. Using Jonscher's power law, it was possible to determine that the electrical conduction inacregime occurs through spatial charge hopping between states located within the piezoelectric composite. Analyzing the piezoelectric properties through thed33coefficient, it was found that PUR‐MWCNT/PZT piezoelectric composite displayed higherd33values (20 pC/N) in comparison to the PUR/PZT two‐phase composite (9.5 pC/N) for all PZT loadings. According to these results, the dispersion of MWCNT nanoparticles influences the poling effectiveness of the PZT particles and increases thed33coefficient of three‐phase piezoelectric composites.
Chemical engineering of electrospun nanofibrous‐based three‐layered nonwoven polymeric protective mask for enhanced performance
Authors: Ray Saikat Sinha , Soni Ritesh , Huyen Dao Thi Thanh , Ravi Srinath , Myung Suwan , Lee Chang Young , Kwon Young‐Nam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, face masks, respirators, and personal protective equipment have become common preventive measures. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of efficient and reusable face masks worldwide. Immense efforts have been dedicated to designing antidust and antidroplet masks to ensure safe breathing. In this context, electrospun nanofibrous layers have attracted considerable attention for the fabrication of antidust and antidroplet masks. During long‐term usage, water droplet layers can lead to pore blockages; this remains a major concern. In this study, a three‐layered sandwich structure comprising a hydrophilic spongy layer, hydrophobic support layer, and antidroplet layer was developed to address this concern. Specifically, the structure comprised polyvinylidene fluoride‐silica nanoparticles‐perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane/polyethylene/polybenzimidazole (PVDF‐Si‐NPs‐PFTOS/PET/PBI) electrospun nanofibrous layers. The PBI layer was utilized as soft, hydrophilic, skin‐friendly layer, as supported by the PET layer for better mechanical stability. In addition, PVDF coated with micro‐nano scale Si‐NPs as modified with a PFTOS nonwoven electrospun layer was used for the antifouling, antidroplet, and splash resistance capabilities. This novel electrospun nanofibrous nonwoven three‐layered sandwich structure (PVDF‐Si‐PFTOS/PET/PBI) exhibited high performance, with competitive antidroplet abilities. Accordingly, this research can be used to fabricate face masks with antidroplet and splash resistance for personal safety and protective equipment.
Macromolecular changes of vinyl ester resin after thermal oxidation
Authors: Lugli Alberto , Apchain Emilande , Richaud Emmanuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermal aging of filled and unfilled vinyl ester was performed at 180°C under air and was followed at the molecular (Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy) and macromolecular (Dynamical Mechanical Analysis) scales. Aluminum trihydrate filler was observed to be stable in the investigated conditions, which simplifies the analysis of aging. At the molecular scale, oxidation is visible by the broadening of the carbonyl band, the depletion of hydroxypropyl ether, and the loss of mass. Subglassy relaxation and glass transition (Tg) of unaged samples were also characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis. After aging, a clear crosslinking mechanism was evidenced by an increase in Tg. The possible oxidation mechanisms are discussed.
Magnetocaloric Effect in Lightly‐Doped Fe5Si3 Single Crystals
Authors: Cao Guixin , Okamoto Satoshi , Guo Junjie , Specht E. D. , Ward Thomas Z. , McGuire M. A. , Budai John D. , Chisholm Matthew F. , Mandrus David , Sales Brian C. , Gai Zheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevelopment of promising new materials for above room temperature magnetic cooling applications relies on careful balancing of structure and composition to maximize accessible metastable phases that can drive a strong magnetocaloric effect (MCE). However, the working temperatures of these materials may fall outside of desired application windows. In this work, it is shown that it is possible to control metastable phase stability temperatures of Fe5Si3 through selection of appropriate spin and charge doping. Here, the parent material's desired structure appears only within a narrow temperature range from 1098 to 1303 K. Doping with Mn and P is shown to allow stabilization of the parent's high temperature phase and resulting MCE to room temperature. The structural and magnetic properties, and the magnetocaloric effect of single crystal Fe4.83Mn0.16Si2.91P0.09 (FMSP) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. A first‐order magneto‐elastic transition is observed at 348 K, where magnetic onset is accompanied by a change in lattice volume without an apparent change in crystal symmetry. Although the trace Mn and P doping are found to decrease the TC, the maximum magnetic entropy change ΔSMax(T) and the relative cooling power (RCP) of FMSP are enhanced compared to polycrystalline Fe5Si3. As a result, an intrinsically broader entropy change over a larger temperature span is generated in the lightly doped single crystal of Fe5Si3. The magnetic moment of the system is also enhanced. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to gain microscopic insights into the experimental findings. The results suggest that the hexagonal Fe5Si3 is a new giant room temperature MCE material that is on par with La–Fe–Si and Fe‐Mn‐P‐Si systems.
A new series of hydrazones as small‐molecule aldose reductase inhibitors
Authors: Altıntop Mehlika D. , Demir Yeliz , Türkeş Cüneyt , Öztürk Remzi B. , Cantürk Zerrin , Beydemir Şükrü , Özdemir Ahmet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the search for small‐molecule aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors, new tetrazole‐hydrazone hybrids (1–15) were designed. An efficient procedure was employed for the synthesis of compounds 1–15. All hydrazones were subjected to an in vitro assay to assess their AR inhibitory profiles. Compounds 1–15 caused AR inhibition with Ki values ranging between 0.177 and 6.322 µM and IC50 values ranging between 0.210 and 0.676 µM. 2‐[(1‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)thio]‐N’‐(4‐fluorobenzylidene)acetohydrazide (4) was the most potent inhibitor of AR in this series. Compound 4 markedly inhibited AR (IC50 = 0.297 µM) in a competitive manner (Ki = 0.177 µM) compared to epalrestat (Ki = 0.857 µM, IC50 = 0.267 µM). Based on the in vitro data obtained by applying the MTT test, compound 4 showed no cytotoxic activity toward normal (NIH/3T3) cells at the tested concentrations, indicating its safety as an AR inhibitor. Compound 4 exhibited proper interactions with crucial amino acid residues within the active site of AR. In silico QikProp data of all hydrazones (1–15) were also determined to assess their pharmacokinetic profiles. Taken together, compound 4 stands out as a promising inhibitor of AR for further in vivo studies.
On the longevity of behavioral interventions for challenging behavior
Authors: Scott Victoria , Saini Valdeep , Busch Louis , Solomon Nora 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe capacity for a treatment to maintain its effects over time may be the most critical component of behavioral interventions for challenging behavior as treatments that fail to persist are likely to be of little value to society. We reviewed the quality and quantity of different types of post‐intervention data for the treatment of challenging behavior in studies published over the last 7 years. We found that for the majority of participants at least one measure of maintenance, fading, or follow‐up was reported but with limited information regarding the quality of those measures. Reports of secondary variables related to post‐intervention data (e.g., latency to measurement) were also uncommon. We discuss possible explanations for the paucity of post‐intervention data, barriers to obtaining post‐intervention data, strategies for obtaining these data, and implications for the external validity of behavioral interventions for challenging behavior. We provide recommendations for increasing the probability that post‐intervention data are included in applied research on challenging behavior.
Comparative analysis of the liver‐protective effects of raw and stir‐fried semen of Hovenia dulcis in rats via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–based serum metabolomic profiling and chemometrics
Authors: Lv Pan , Zhu Fei , Lv Meiyan , Bao Jiaqi , Lv Linying , Xu Xiangwei , Tao Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we used a serum metabolomics methodology based on GC coupled with MS (GC–MS) to investigate the liver‐protective effects of raw and stir‐fried semen of Hovenia dulcis in rats models of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were performed to examine changes in the metabolic state of rats with carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury, as well as the recovery pattern of rats pretreated with the raw and stir‐fried semen of H. dulcis. Liver tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. A total of 47 biomarkers were predicted to contribute to the dynamic pathological processes in the liver injury, such as phenylalanine, glutamic acid, glycine, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Further analysis revealed that pathways associated with phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism were altered in the injured liver, and that pretreatment with raw and stir‐fried semen of H. dulcis abolished the changes in the aforementioned metabolic pathways.