bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fisetin regulates the biological effects of rat nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells under oxidative stress by sirtuin‐1 pathway
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhu Chao , Xuan Anwu , Zhang Junyou , Zhu Zhenbiao , Tang Liang , Ruan Dike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive oxidative stress has been accepted as one of the critical factors for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is associated with low back pain (LBP). Fisetin (Fis) is a bioactive flavonoid that possesses strong bioactive activity. In present study, we aimed to illuminate the role of Fis on nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs).MethodsNPMSCs were isolated and cultured from rat NP tissues and identified by flow cytometry and multilinear differentiation. The cytotoxicity of Fis, EX‐527, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on NPMSCs was validated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 tests. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Inflammatory mediators were assessed by Elisa tests, RT‐PCR. Extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism was measured by Western blot analysis and RT‐qPCR. The expression of the SIRT1 was evaluated by Western blot analysis.ResultsNPMSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from rat NP tissues, and it has been identified by flow cytometry and multilinear differentiation. The results showed that Fis attenuated H2O2‐induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation of NPMSCs. Moreover, the above protective effects of Fis can be inhibited by EX‐527, a unique SIRT1 inhibitor, indicating that SIRT1 may involve in the mechanism of Fis in protecting NPMSCs from oxidative stress.ConclusionsAs a natural compound with little cytotoxicity on NPMSCs, Fis alleviate H2O2‐induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation by suppressing oxidative stress, this finding may add the theoretical basis for research on new treatment of IDD based on NPMSCs.
Quality management in anatomic pathology: The past, present, and future
Authors: Xi Chenguang , Cao Dengfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the challenges in anatomic pathology laboratories is to meet the increasing need for pathological diagnosis, using quality management (QM) activities and systems to ensure that patients receive their accurate and timely pathology report. The aim of this paper is to review anatomic pathology QM from both management and technical perspectives, including the past, present, and future opportunities. First, the evolution of the QM concept and scope will be discussed. Next, current QM system implementation and laboratory accreditations will be discussed from the management perspective, and common medical errors in anatomic pathology in different testing cycles will be analyzed. Finally, selected future management systems to improve the level of total QM worldwide for patient safety and the potential of informatics to be used as an auxiliary tool in anatomic pathology will be discussed.
Bone healing around implants placed in subjects with metabolically compromised systemic conditions
Authors: Bergamo Edmara T. P. , Witek Lukasz , Ramalho Ilana , Lopes Adolfo C. O. , Nayak Vasudev Vivekanand , Bonfante Estevam A. , Tovar Nick , Torroni Andrea , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing of tight‐fit implants placed in the maxilla and mandible of subjects compromised with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type‐2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Eighteen Göttingen minipigs were randomly distributed into three groups: (i) control (normal diet), (ii) MS (cafeteria diet for obesity induction), (iii) T2DM (cafeteria diet for obesity induction + Streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molar were extracted. After 8 weeks of healing, implants with progressive small buttress threads were placed, and allowed to integrate for 6 weeks after which the implant/bone blocks were retrieved for histological processing. Qualitative and quantitative histomorphometric analyses (percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact, %BIC, and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads, %BAFO) were performed. The bone healing process around the implant occurred predominantly through interfacial remodeling with subsequent bone apposition. Data as a function of systemic condition yielded significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO values for healthy and MS relative to T2DM. Data as a function of maxilla and mandible did not yield significant differences for either %BIC and %BAFO. When considering both factors, healthy and MS subjects had %BIC and %BAFO trend towards higher values in the mandible relative to maxilla, whereas T2DM yielded higher %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla relative to mandible. All systemic conditions presented comparable levels of %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla; healthy and MS presented significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO relative to T2DM in the mandible. T2DM presented lower amounts of bone formation around implants relative to MS and healthy. Implants placed in the maxilla and in the mandible showed comparable amounts of bone in proximity to implants.
Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine‐Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Mohamed Fatma F. , Amadeu de Oliveira Flavia , Kinoshita Yuka , Yalamanchili Riti R. , Eltilib Leena A. , Andras Natalie L. , Narisawa Sonoko , Tani Takashi , Chu Emily Y. , Millán José Luis , Foster Brian L. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage and loss of renal function. CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) describes the dysregulation of mineral homeostasis, including hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, skeletal abnormalities, and vascular calcification. CKD–MBD impacts the oral cavity, with effects including salivary gland dysfunction, enamel hypoplasia and damage, increased dentin formation, decreased pulp volume, pulp calcifications, and altered jaw bones, contributing to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease and tooth loss. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and CKD mouse models commonly require invasive procedures with high rates of infection and mortality. We aimed to characterize the dentoalveolar effects of an adenine diet (AD)‐induced CKD (AD–CKD) mouse model. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were provided either a normal phosphorus diet control (CTR) or adenine and high‐phosphorus diet CKD to induce kidney failure. Mice were euthanized at 15 weeks old, and mandibles were collected for micro–computed tomography and histology. CKD mice exhibited kidney failure, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in association with porous cortical bone in femurs. CKD mice showed a 30% decrease in molar enamel volume compared to CTR mice. Enamel wear was associated with reduced ductal components, ectopic calcifications, and altered osteopontin (OPN) deposition in submandibular salivary glands of CKD mice. Molar cusps in CKD mice were flattened, exposing dentin. Molar dentin/cementum volume increased 7% in CKD mice and pulp volume decreased. Histology revealed excessive reactionary dentin and altered pulp‐dentin extracellular matrix proteins, including increased OPN. Mandibular bone volume fraction decreased 12% and bone mineral density decreased 9% in CKD versus CTR mice. Alveolar bone in CKD mice exhibited increased tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase localization, OPN deposition, and greater osteoclast numbers. AD–CKD recapitulated key aspects reported in CKD patients and revealed new insights into CKD‐associated oral defects. This model has potential for studying mechanisms of dentoalveolar defects or therapeutic interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Extracellular lncRNAs secreted and absorbed by cardiomyocytes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Lei Ronghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExosomes are membrane‐surrounded extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types, which mediate intercellular communications by delivering bioactive molecules from secretory cells to recipient cells. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of non‐(protein)‐coding RNAs with lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides that are very active in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Increasing evidence suggests that exosomal lncRNAs also play important roles in the progress of CVDs. We focus on the current available studies regarding these extracellular lncRNAs secreted and absorbed by cardiomyocytes and their functional roles in CVDs, hopefully providing a basis for deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms of CVDs and their potential for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
A case of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa
Authors: Aboutalebian Shima , Erami Mahzad , Momen‐Heravi Mansooreh , Charsizadeh Arezoo , Hezaveh Seyed Jamal Hashemi , Matini Amir Hassan , Ahsaniarani Amir Hossein , Fakhrehi Mojtaba , Mirhendi Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis is a life‐threatening invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised and COVID‐19 patients.Case ReportHere, we report a fatal rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia ramosa, in a 79‐year‐old diabetic female. She was initially admitted to the hospital for COVID‐19 infection and received broad‐spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids. After 1 month, she was admitted again because of persistent headaches and decreased right eye movement when the computed tomography scan showed mucosal thickening and opacification of paranasal sinuses. Microbiological investigations, including culture and direct microscopy, and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of proven mucormycosis. The isolated causal agent was identified as Lichtheimia ramosa by sequencing the entire ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Despite surgical debridement and administration of liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg/day, the patient's level of consciousness suddenly deteriorated; she was intubated and mechanically ventilated in the ICU and died on the same day.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first worldwide case of COVID‐19‐associated rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa.
Virtual reality simulation of panoramic radiographic anatomy for dental students
Authors: Alsufyani Noura , Alnamlah Sarah , Mutaieb Sarah , Alageel Raseel , AlQarni Mayson , Bukhari Areej , Alhajri Maram , AlSubaie Abdulrahman , Alabdulkarim Meshari , Faden Asma'a 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis work aimed to utilize virtual reality (VR) in dental radiographic anatomical interpretation in junior dental students and test if it can enhance student learning, engagement, and performance.MethodsVR software for panoramic anatomy was developed. Sixty‐nine first‐year dental students were divided into a control group (lecture‐based) and an experimental group (VR) to learn panoramic radiographic anatomy. Both groups were then tested on knowledge via a 20‐question quiz. Student feedback on VR experience was collected via an online survey.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between lecture‐based and VR students in the correct identification of anatomical landmarks. Lecture‐based students scored higher in identifying the ear lobe, hyoid bone, condylar neck, and external oblique ridge, whereas VR students scored higher in identifying zygoma (Chi‐squared test, p < 0.005). The VR group reported high evaluation on all perception items of the online feedback survey on their experience (Student t‐test, p < 0.005).ConclusionsLecture‐based students generally showed better performance in panoramic radiographic anatomy. Several structures were not correctly identified in both groups of novice students. The positive feedback of VR experience encourages future implementation in education to augment conventional methods of radiographic anatomy in dentistry with considerations to repeated exposures throughout undergraduate dental education.
Electronic medical record documentation of germline genetic evaluations in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Batson Melissa , Goldblatt Lindsay G. , Pundock Stacy , Arutyunov Anna , McKenna Danielle , Haggerty Ashley , Symecko Heather , Shah Payal D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGermline genetic evaluation is indicated for all patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). For testing to have clinical utility, results must be documented within the electronic medical record (EMR) and accessible to providers at the point of care, which can be challenging in the context of current EMR limitations and genetic testing processes. We examined the receipt of genetics services and EMR capture of genetic testing results in patients with EOC. We conducted a retrospective chart review to examine germline genetic evaluations among patients with EOC seen by a gynecologic or medical oncologist at the University of Pennsylvania in 2016. EMRs were reviewed to determine: (1) if patients were referred for genetic evaluation; (2) if genetic testing was performed; (3) if results were documented in office notes, scanned third‐party test reports, and/or the EMR problem list; (4) if provider notes correctly listed the variant classification. Overall, 413 (62%) of patients had documented genetic testing. Genetic testing was documented in almost all provider notes (96%) and the majority of scanned EMR reports (64%). Pathogenic variants were found in 119 (29%) individuals; the majority (70%) had genetic testing documented within EMR problem lists. Provider notes were highly accurate in describing variant classification. In this study, genetic testing was performed and documented in the EMR for most EOC patients. Approximately one‐third of those tested did not have scanned test reports specifying variant found, limiting the utility of test results for cascade testing and therapeutic decisions.
MRI Assessment of Brain Frailty and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute Posterior Perforating Artery Infarction
Authors: Duan Qi , Lyu Jinhao , Cheng Kun , Wang Xueyang , Meng Zhihua , Wu Xiaoyan , Chen Wen , Wang Guohua , Niu Qingliang , Li Xin , Bian Yitong , Han Dan , Guo Weiting , Yang Shuai , Bian Xiangbing , Lan Yina , Wang Liuxian , Zhang Tingyang , Duan Caohui , Tian Chenglin , Lou Xin ,   the MR‐STARS Investigators
Published: May 2023

BackgroundGlobal brain health has gained increasing attention recently. Imaging markers of brain frailty have been related to functional outcomes in previous studies on anterior circulation; however, little data are available on imaging markers and posterior circulation.PurposeTo investigate the impact of brain frailty on functional outcomes in patients with acute perforating artery infarction (PAI) of the posterior circulation.Study TypeProspective.PopulationOne hundred patients (60.78 ± 9.51 years, 72% men) with acute posterior circulation PAI (determined by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/time‐of‐flight MR angiography).Field Strength/SequenceT1‐ and T2‐weighted fast spin echo, T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion‐weighted echo planar, gradient echo (susceptibility‐weight imaging), and 3D time‐of‐flight MR angiography sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentPeriventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale area, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and total brain frailty score by calculating the above imaging characters were rated visually by three radiologists with 9, 10, and 11 years of experience and one neuroradiologist with 12. Infarction volume was assessed using baseline diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) data obtained within 24 hours of symptom onset. A modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >1 on day 90 defined an adverse functional outcome. Associations between the imaging markers of brain frailty and functional outcomes were assessed.Statistical TestsFisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariable binary logistic regression. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAdverse prognoses (mRS > 1) were observed in 34 (34%) patients. Infarction volume, periventricular WMH, deep WMH, basal ganglia EPVS, CMB, and the brain frailty score were significantly associated with adverse functional outcomes. An increased brain frailty score was significantly associated with unfavorable mRS score on day 90 (odds ratio 1.773, 95% confidence interval 1.237–2.541).Data ConclusionAdvanced MRI imaging markers of brain frailty, individually or combined as a total brain frailty score, were associated with worse functional outcomes after acute posterior circulation PAI.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3
COVID‐19 vaccines reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with oxygen requirements: Differences between vaccine subtypes. A multicontinental cohort study
Authors: Huespe Ivan A. , Ferraris Augusto , Lalueza Antonio , Valdez Pascual R. , Peroni Maria L. , Cayetti Luis A. , Mirofsky Matias A. , Boietti Bruno , Gómez‐Huelgas Ricardo , Casas‐Rojo José M. , Antón‐Santos Juan M. , Núñez‐Cortés Jesús M. , Lumbreras Carlos , Ramos‐Rincón Jose‐Manuel , Barrio Noelia G. , Pedrera‐Jiménez Miguel , Martin‐Escalante María D. , Ruiz Francisco R. , Onieva‐García María Á. , Toso Carlos R. , Risk Marcelo R. , Klén Riku , Pollán Javier A. , Gómez‐Varela David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine reduces mortality in patients with moderate or severe COVID‐19 disease requiring oxygen therapy. A retrospective cohort study, with data from 148 hospitals in both Spain (111 hospitals) and Argentina (37 hospitals), was conducted. We evaluated hospitalized patients for COVID‐19 older than 18 years with oxygen requirements. Vaccine protection against death was assessed through a multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching. We also performed a subgroup analysis according to vaccine type. The adjusted model was used to determine the population attributable risk. Between January 2020 and May 2022, we evaluated 21,479 COVID‐19 hospitalized patients with oxygen requirements. Of these, 338 (1.5%) patients received a single dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine and 379 (1.8%) were fully vaccinated. In vaccinated patients, mortality was 20.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.9–24), compared to 19.5% (95% CI: 19–20) in unvaccinated patients, resulting in a crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.89–1.29; p = 0.41). However, after considering the multiple comorbidities in the vaccinated group, the adjusted OR was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.95; p = 0.02) with a population attributable risk reduction of 4.3% (95% CI: 1–5). The higher risk reduction for mortality was with messenger RNA (mRNA) BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.59; p < 0.01), ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AstraZeneca) (OR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20–0.86; p = 0.02), and mRNA‐1273 (Moderna) (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.41–1.12; p = 0.13), and lower with Gam‐COVID‐Vac (Sputnik) (OR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.6–1.45; p = 0.76). COVID‐19 vaccines significantly reduce the probability of death in patients suffering from a moderate or severe disease (oxygen therapy).
Concurrent daytime and nighttime heatwaves in the late 21st century over the CORDEX‐East Asia phase 2 domain using multi‐GCM and multi‐RCM chains
Authors: Kim Young‐Hyun , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Suh Myoung‐Seok , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Chang Eun‐Chul , Min Seung‐Ki , Byun Young‐Hwa , Kim Jin‐Uk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe adverse impacts of extreme heat on human health when a concurrent daytime and nighttime heatwave (CDNHW) occurs are greater than when daytime or nighttime heatwaves occur individually, because of the reduced recovery time from heat exposure. This study projects increases in CDNHW over the whole of East Asia under two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures, which are used to define a CDNHW, are calculated of 3‐hourly temperatures of 25 km horizontal resolution produced by 12 general circulation model and regional climate model chains participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment East Asia phase 2 project. In Historical simulation (1981–2005), occurrence period and occurrence rate of CDNHW from April to September area‐averaged in East Asia are 10.9 days and 0.9%, respectively. In projections for the future (2071–2100), occurrence period and occurrence rate of CDNHW will be 3 weeks and 3.7% (RCP2.6), 2 months and 20.5% (RCP8.5), 2 months and 15.6% (SSP1‐2.6), and 3 months and 45.7% (SSP5‐8.5). In addition, it is expected that the CDNHW intensity will increase, and the spatial extent of CDNHW will be extended. Although a CDNHW lasting less than 3 days is the most common, the proportion of CDNHWs lasting more than 10 days, compared to the total CDNHW frequency, will increase to 1.2% (RCP2.6), 7.2% (RCP8.5), 6.1% (SSP1‐2.6), and 17.3% (SSP5‐8.5) from 0.2% (Historical). Both occurrence rate and intensity of CDNHW will increase to a relatively large extent in Indochina, East and West China, and India. If the current greenhouse gas emissions continue, East Asia will experience unprecedented heat stress because the frequency and intensity of CDNHWs, which rarely occur during present‐day, will increase significantly over all regions by the end of the 21st century.
Emergency department pharmacist impact on time to administration of heparin: a brief report
Authors: Brisben Taylor M. , Maldonado Cody R. , Bruner Michaela M. , Ott Rachel L. , Spilman Sarah K. , Jansen Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the United States, venous thromboembolisms (VTE) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulant medicines, such as heparin, are often indicated to stop or prevent clot formation, and early administration of heparin has been associated with reduced mortality. There is no literature evaluating whether administration of heparin is expedited when pharmacists are involved in patient care in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of an ED pharmacist decreased time to heparin administration for patients with VTE or ACS. This study was approved by the institutional review board at the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth (SCL) Health Institutional Review Board (reference number: 2021‐047). This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated patients who presented to the ED between 1 January 2019 and 30 May 2022 and received an order for unfractionated heparin with a confirmed diagnosis of VTE or ACS. The chi‐square test and Wilcoxon ranked‐sum test were used to detect differences between groups. A total of 65 patients were included in the analyses. Comparison of the median time between order and administration of heparin revealed that patients with an order placed while a pharmacist was present in the ED received heparin sooner than patients without an ED pharmacist present (32 min vs 50 min, p = 0.02). Time to administration of heparin was significantly shorter when a pharmacist was present in the ED at the time the order was placed by the care team. Findings suggest that the presence of an ED pharmacist expedites time to heparin administration.