bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure on post-operative pulmonary complications in overweight patients undergoing elective laparoscopic hernia surgery: A prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vijayakumar Lokeshwar , Thirunavukkarasu Pavithra L. , Barathi Arivarasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a significant cause of morbidity following surgery. This study evaluated the effect of intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on PPCs in overweight patients undergoing elective laparoscopic hernia surgery.

Patients and Methods:
In this randomised controlled trial, 60 patients with a body mass index between 25 and 30 kg/m² were divided equally into a standard PEEP group (5 cm H2O) and a high PEEP group (10 cm H2O). The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs, with secondary outcomes assessing intraoperative respiratory mechanics, haemodynamics and post-operative oxygenation levels.

Results:
Both groups demonstrated comparable demographic and baseline characteristics. The results showed a significant reduction in the incidence of PPCs in the high PEEP group, with atelectasis observed in 16% of control patients versus 6% of those receiving higher PEEP. In addition, the high PEEP group exhibited improved dynamic lung compliance and oxygenation but had an increased mean arterial pressure, indicating haemodynamic effects associated with higher PEEP levels. While the Cabrini Respiratory Strain Score and air test scores were comparable, patients in the high PEEP group had shorter durations of supplemental oxygen therapy and improved post-operative oxygenation at 6, 12 and 24 h.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that high PEEP may enhance lung mechanics and oxygenation while reducing PPCs in overweight patients, although careful monitoring of haemodynamic stability is recommended.
Evaluation of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a mixture of hyaluronic acid and bovine bone graft with simultaneous dental implants installation
Authors: Omr Mai AlaaEldeen , Saad Khalid A. El-Hamid , Nowair Ibrahim M. , Eid Mohamed K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using hyalouronic acid (HA) with bovine bone for maxillary sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant installation.

Patients and methods
This study was implemented on 10 cases with atrophic edentulous posterior maxillary regions. All the cases underwent sinus floor elevation and augmentation with simultaneous implant installation. This was done in two stages, Stage I: lateral antrostomy was made by piezoelectric device, osteotomy of implant site by densah kit, augmentation of the sinus with a mixture of bovine bone with HA gel and then implant installation, finally coverage the lateral window with HA gel, Stage II: surgical exposure of the implant top surface and insertion of the implant healing abutment at 6 months after stage I surgery. After soft tissue healing around the abutment, all cases were referred to fixed prosthodontics department in Faculty of Dentistry. Tanta University for fixed prosthesis construction.

Results
Regarding panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography analysis immediate and after 6 months of alveolar bone height and density showing significant implant osseointegration with increase in both height and density of alveolar bone. Resonance frequency analysis show significant increase in implant stability from stage I (primary stability) to stage II (secondary stability).

Conclusion
The mixture of HA gel with bovine bone, gaining the advantage of osteoconductive potential of bovine bone with the anti-inflammatory, pro angiogenic properties of HA. Immediate implant installation after sinus floor augmentation is a promising surgical protocol that can reduce the number of the surgeries and reduce the treatment time.
Locally delivered coconut oil in nonsurgical therapy of stage II and III grade B periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Alaraby Amany A. , Ismail Radwa M. , El Din Wessam I.S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of scaling and root debridement alone versus the use of topically applied coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement in the treatment of Stage II and III Grade B periodontitis.

Patients and methods
Thirty-six patients with stage II and III Grade B periodontitis were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I (Control group) patients were treated with scaling and root debridement alone. Group II (Study group) of scaling and root debridement with a topically applied coconut. Clinical parameters including Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing depth (PD), and Clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Biochemical parameters evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level at baseline, 1- and 2-months using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in PI, GI, PD, and CAL in the study group following the use of coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement when compared with scaling and root debridement alone. Also, the study group showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean levels (TNF-α) than the control group at 1 and 2 months with (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The use of coconut oil as adjunctive to scaling and root debridement may improve the healing outcomes in terms of clinical parameters such as PI, GI, PD, and CAL as well as the reduction of TNF-α levels in crevicular fluid in patients with Stage II and II grade B periodontitis.
The putative role of maternal grape seed extract in alleviating caffeine-induced enamel hypomineralization in rat offspring
Authors: El-shenawy Omnia Shawky Ahmed , Nagy Naglaa B. , El Amy Souzan A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the alleviating role of maternal grape seed extract (GSE) in enhancement of caffeine-induced enamel hypomineralization in mandibular incisors of rat offspring.

Materials and methods
Sixteen virgin female rats were used. After pregnancy, they were divided into four equal groups. There was control, caffeine, GSE and combined groups that received daily doses of physiological saline, caffeine, GSE and both caffeine/GSE, respectively during pregnancy and lactation. In each group, four weaning pups from each rat dam were chosen (n = 16). Their mandibles were cut into halves and their incisors were sectioned mesial to the first molars. The right halves were processed for light microscope and transmission electron microscope whereas the left ones for energy dispersive radiograph elemental analysis for calcium ions.

Results
Quantitatively, statistical analysis for energy dispersive radiograph elemental analysis results revealed a significant increase in the mean Ca levels for GSE group compared to other groups. Histologically, control group revealed normal features of ruffled ended-maturative ameloblasts and nearly mature enamel layer whereas caffeine group disclosed vacuolated, widely spaced ameloblasts with heterogeneous patched immature enamel layer. Interestingly, GSE group revealed features of highly organized active ameloblasts with superior complex organization of nearly mature enamel whereas combined group depicted features of reestablishment of adverse effects of caffeine on both ameloblasts and nearly mature enamel.

Conclusion
Maternal GSE intake has a potential role in enhancing enamel mineralization and its concurrent intake with caffeine seemed to lighten the caffeine-induced enamel hypomineralization in rat offspring.
N-Doped activated carbon derived from water hyacinth for ultra-stable metal-free bifunctional electrode for zinc-air battery
Authors: Ergete Assegid , Huang Yongfa , Zhou Jiawei , Getachew Teklewold , Taye Asmamaw , Xia Ruidong , Iheanyichukwu Iwuoha Emmanuel , Peng Xinwen , Admassie Shimelis 
Published: January 2025

Activated N-doped carbon derived from water hyacinth leaves (WHL) was prepared and investigated as metal-free bi-functional catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution (ORR/OER) in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods were used to examine the morphology, elemental composition and the specific surface area of the samples, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at rotating disk electrodes (RDEs) and rotating ring-disk electrodes (RRDEs) were employed to characterize the electrocatalytic activities. The electrochemical studies reveal that N-doped porous carbon from N-WHLs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with an onset potential of 0.95 V and half-wave potential of 0.88 V comparable to commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also displays promising activity towards OER, with an overall potential of 1.86 V versus RHE to reach a current density of 10 mAcm, resulting in an oxygen electrode activity (OEA) value of 0.98 V. The percentage of hydrogen peroxide produced was significantly low, with average electron transfer number value of 3.94 at 0.8 V for N-WHL. Furthermore, the ZAB using N-WHL catalysts as an air cathode displayed a power density of 84 mW cm−2 and superior stability over 450 hours.
KEY WORDS: Bifunctional catalyst, Oxygen reduction reaction, Oxygen evolution reaction, Water hyacinth, Zinc-air battery.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 571-584.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.14
Computational details of molecular structure, spectroscopic properties, DFT calculations and molecular docking study of some 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives derived from 4-aminobenzen sulfonic acid
Authors: Abdul Kadhim Mazyed Hawraa , Hameed Imran Noor , Adil  Mohammed Shaymaa , G. Munahi Murad , J. Nahi Riyadh 
Published: January 2025

In the current study, structural optimization, electronic, vibrational properties and molecular docking simulation were investigated for two 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triaozle derivatives (A and B). The theoretical spectroscopic analytical results of IR, NMR and UV–Vis were obtained using DFT methods, and the predicted results were compared to the experimental results reported in the literature. To forecast the highly electron-dense locations of the compounds, the molecular electrostatic surface potential, (MEP) was analyzed; and the quantum and chemical characteristics were computed. A thorough discussion of topological analysis using the reduced density gradient (RDG) was conducted. Moreover, to predict (in silico) the antiviral behavior of the reported heterocyclic compounds A and B, the crystal structures of the viral hepatitis C (6UE3 and 8DK6) were subjected to molecular docking simulation. The binding affinity between the heterocyclic ligands and the target proteins was investigated using molecular docking. The results showed that the triaozle derivatives have a good binding energy toward the virus target 8DK6 (-7.16 and -7.03 kcal/mol) for compound A and B, respectively. Herein, we introduce two triazole derivatives as potential anti-HCV.
KEYWORDS: 1,2,3-Triazole, Computational study, DFT, In silico, Molecular docking, HCV.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(3), 585-600.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i3.15
Investigating the effects of equeous fruit extract of <i>Tamarindus indica</i> on mercuric chloride-induced liver toxicity in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Nweke S.M. , Okafor N. , Eze G.I. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mercury is a highly toxic metal that poses substantial risks to human health due to its widespread environmental presence and industrial use. Exposure to mercury occurs through various routes, leading to tissue damage mostly liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous fruit extract of Tamarindus indica on Mercuric chloride-induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups with seven rats per group and administered 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg doses of Tamarindus indica extracts and 1mg/kg of mercury chloride. Liver tissues were harvested after administration of the extracts for 60 days and mercury chloride administration for 30 days. The harvested liver tissues were fixed with 10% formal saline for about 24hrs and processed into microscopic slides, and subjected to microscopic examination. Biochemical assays were conducted also to investigate the levels of liver enzymes.
RESULTS: Rats in group B treated with mercury chloride showed significant decreases in body weight and increases in liver weight, indicative of the inflammation of the hepatocytes. Elevated levels of liver enzymes and histological changes further indicated liver damage induced by mercury chloride. However, rats treated with Tamarindus indica extracts showed increase on body weight change, liver weight, liver enzymes, and histological alterations, suggesting potential hepatoprotective properties.
CONCLUSION: Tamarindus indica demonstrates potential therapeutic benefits in attenuating mercury chloride-induced liver damage, highlighting its role as a natural hepatoprotective agent.
Zingerone mitigates hepatic injury associated with Dimethylnitrosamine exposure in male adult Wistar rats
Authors: Nwafor J.A. , Eze G.I. , Innih S.O. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) burden compromises liver function due to its complicated pathophysiology. Zingerone (ZG), is a phenolic compound in ginger rhizome with pharmacological potential against chemo toxin mediated hepatic damage. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Zingerone against DMN in the liver
METHODOLOGY: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into groups of 6 rats each. Group A (control), Group B (given 10mg/kg DMN for 4 weeks). Group C, D, E, F (Pre-treated with oral doses of 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 75mg/kg body weight of ZG and 50mg/kg of silymarin respectively for 4weeks followed thereafter with 10mg of DMN for 4weeks). At the end of experiment, the animals (fasted) were sacrificed; blood samples obtained for assay of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) activity, Total bilirubin concentration (Tbil) and the liver harvested for histological and histochemical evaluations. Data obtained were analysed using graph pad prism, 8.0 and Image J for quantifying staining intensity.
RESULTS: ZG pre-treated rats showed significantly (p<0.05) decreased GGT activity and Tbil concentration compared to DMN-alone exposed rats. Furthermore, necrotic changes with inflammatory cell infiltrations, vascular ulceration, pyknotic hepatocytes with sinusoidal distortions in the histology of DMN alone treated rats were minimal in ZG pre-administered rats. Despite fasting, DMN-alone exposed rats still showed strong PAS reaction, associated with impaired glycogenolysis and unregulated glycogenesis. However, moderate intrahepatic glycogen store depicted by mild PAS reaction were seen in ZG pre-treated rats. These were particularly visible at 75mg/kg, comparing favorably to control and silymarin pre-treated rats.
CONCLUSION: Zingerone is a promising hepatoprotective agent against DMN hepatic injury.
Assessment of the Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin A on Heat Stress Using White Albino Mice
Authors: Wassagwa J. , Ewa O. , Addy E.O. , Ejiofor D.C. , Elekwa E.A. , Ngwu E.E. , Okoye O.F. , Agu K.A. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Biofortification of food and food addictives with vitamin A is basically aimed at improving vision and or preventing the occurrences of vision related diseases. This usually entails the inclusion of a defined amont of the said micronutrient in a target food. Thus, fortification of animal feed with vitamin A to ameliorate heat stress and increase animal production is possible if the ideal concentration of the said micromutrient is determined for inclusion. Therefore, Aim: this study aims at assessing the ameliorative role of vitamin A (retinol) in the management of Heat Stress (HS).
MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty adult male albino mice were divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats per groups. Methodology: Group I was the normal control and was not exposed to heat stress.While groups III and IV were exposed to 57 mw/cm2 of solar radiation at 37oC, groups V and VI were exposed to 98 mw/cm2 of solar radiation at 47oC. Exposure to solar radiation lasted for 21 days during which groups II, III-VI were administered 30 mg/kg body weight of vitamin A for 21 days as well.
RESULTS: Feed intake for groups III-VI was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of groups I and II. Finial body weights for groups III-VI were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the initial body weight. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) for groups III-VI was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of groups I-II.
CONCLUSION: It can be deduced from this study that 30 mg/kg of vitamin A did not ameliorate varying magnitudes of heat stress studied.
Study of some anthropometric variables among menopausal women with type II diabetes in Lagos Mainland: Shomolu Local Government Area and its environ
Authors: Opoola F.O. , Adebisi S.S. , Tanko J.P. , Akuyam S.A. , Nwankwo M. , Omotayo A. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: According to clinical criteria, menopause is when a woman stops having periods for at least 12 consecutive months which involves hormonal changes that can be challenging for diabetic women especially those reliant on insulin. Anthropometric parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), are critical indicators of metabolic health and disease risk in menopausal women. Postmenopausal women with type II diabetes often exhibit altered anthropometric parameters such as higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. The aim was to study some anthropometric parameters among menopausal women with type II diabetes in Lagos mainland, Shomolu Local Government Area and its environ.
METHODOLOGY: The study was a cross sectional study among the clinically diagnosed type II diabetic menopausal women who attends clinic in Lagos mainland: Shomolu local government and its environs.
Seven hundred and two (702) clinically diagnosed type II diabetic menopausal women were recruited from some medical facilities at Lagos mainland. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, head, neck, mid upper arm, chest, waist, hip and thigh circumferences were taken using standard procedures.
RESULTS: The results indicate the average age at menopause was 46.73±4.44 years and most of the women were diagnosed with Type II Diabetes after menopause (67.2%).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, weak relationship between some Anthropometric parameters, among menopausal women with type II diabetes in Lagos mainland, Lagos state Nigeria.
The concept of forensic taphonomy: understanding the postmortem processes of dead remains
Authors: Ikpa J.O. , Umana U.E. , Timbuak J.A. , Obun C.O. , Ema E.J. , Omuh M.E. 
Published: January 2025

Taphonomy is the discipline that investigates and interprets all activities that occur to remains after death. Postmortem Interval (PMI) is a critical concept in forensic science and refers to the time elapsed between the death of an individual and the discovery and examination of their remains. Estimating the PMI is often one of the primary objectives in forensic investigations, as it can provide crucial information to investigators, such as the approximate time of death, which is vital in narrowing down potential suspects and reconstructing the events leading to the demise of an individual. By gaining insights into the PMI and the conditions surrounding a body after death, forensic taphonomy can aid law enforcement in solving crime by providing a scientific foundation for estimating when a crime might have occurred. The concept of forensic taphonomy is a dynamic and indispensable aspect of forensic science. It sheds light on the intricate processes that occur after death and helps solve mysteries, bring perpetrators to justice, and offer solace to those affected by the tragedy. As forensic science continues to evolve, so does our understanding of taphonomy, making it an ever-relevant field in the realm of criminal investigations and human identification. The accuracy and dependability of PMI estimates have been substantially improved globally by improvements in methodologies and the incorporation of advanced Systems. However, difficulties still exist, such as differences in insect behavior across geographical regions and the requirement for thorough databases for documented data. Forensic taphonomy is a critical aspect of modern forensic science and as such requires development and research in developing countries hence the purpose of this study.
Histopathological Assessment of Cardiac Tissue in Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Wistar rats: Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of <i>Irvingia gabonensis</i>
Authors: Olukayode S.B. , Innih S.O. , Calmday-Ombo D. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The toxic effects of drugs and other related substances have attracted concerns from scientists. The passion about the availability of effective and cheap substances against organotoxicity in humans is increasing daily. This work assessed the histopathological changes in the heart of arsenic trioxide-induced Wistar rats and the effects of ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis.
METHODOLOGY: Forty-two adult Wistar rats weighing between 160-190g were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each. Group A served as the control, Group B received 10 mg/kg body weight of arsenic trioxide only, Groups C and D received 250 and 500 m/kg body weights of ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis only respectively, Groups E and F received 250 and 500 mg/kg body weights of ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis in addition to 10 mg/kg body weight of arsenic trioxide respectively. All administrations were through oral route for 28 days. After sacrifice, cardiac tissues were harvested, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histological findings show that arsenic trioxide caused vascular distortion, perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells and focal myocardial degeneration. Treatment with graded doses of ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis achieved a remarkable amelioration, with 250 mg/kg body weight having a better ameliorative effect, thus suggesting that ethanol leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis exhibits cardioprotective activity against arsenic trioxide-induced damage and could be a potential cardioprotective substance.