bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time dense small object detection algorithm based on multi-modal tea shoots
Authors: Shuai Luyu , Chen Ziao , Li Zhiyong , Li Hongdan , Zhang Boda , Wang Yuchao , Mu Jiong 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe difficulties in tea shoot recognition are that the recognition is affected by lighting conditions, it is challenging to segment images with similar backgrounds to the shoot color, and the occlusion and overlap between leaves.MethodsTo solve the problem of low accuracy of dense small object detection of tea shoots, this paper proposes a real-time dense small object detection algorithm based on multimodal optimization. First, RGB, depth, and infrared images are collected form a multimodal image set, and a complete shoot object labeling is performed. Then, the YOLOv5 model is improved and applied to dense and tiny tea shoot detection. Secondly, based on the improved YOLOv5 model, this paper designs two data layer-based multimodal image fusion methods and a feature layerbased multimodal image fusion method; meanwhile, a cross-modal fusion module (FFA) based on frequency domain and attention mechanisms is designed for the feature layer fusion method to adaptively align and focus critical regions in intra- and inter-modal channel and frequency domain dimensions. Finally, an objective-based scale matching method is developed to further improve the detection performance of small dense objects in natural environments with the assistance of transfer learning techniques.Results and discussionThe experimental results indicate that the improved YOLOv5 model increases the mAP50 value by 1.7% compared to the benchmark model with fewer parameters and less computational effort. Compared with the single modality, the multimodal image fusion method increases the mAP50 value in all cases, with the method introducing the FFA module obtaining the highest mAP50 value of 0.827. After the pre-training strategy is used after scale matching, the mAP values can be improved by 1% and 1.4% on the two datasets. The research idea of multimodal optimization in this paper can provide a basis and technical support for dense small object detection.
Metacognitive effects of attitudinal (in)congruence on social media: relating processing fluency, subjective knowledge, and political participation
Authors: Frauhammer Luna T. , Neubaum German 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionEncountering political disagreements in our daily lives can discourage us from participating in democratic processes. To date, research has mainly focused on social motives or attitudinal mechanisms to explain this phenomenon. In the present study, we adopt a different approach and highlight metacognitive effects of attitudinal (in)congruence on processing fluency (i.e., perceived ease of processing) and subjective knowledge as well as their relationship with behavioral outcomes such as the intention to politically participate.MethodsIn a pre-registered online experiment (N = 1,258), participants saw a political social media post with six opinionated user-generated comments. These comments either all matched (congruent condition) or contradicted (incongruent condition) participants’ personal opinions. Processing fluency, issue specific subjective knowledge, and intention to politically participate were then measured using established self-report scales.ResultsIn line with our hypotheses, the congruent stimuli evoked a higher feeling of processing fluency than the incongruent ones (d = 0.21). Furthermore, participants in the congruent condition indicated a higher intention to politically participate (d = 0.23) and rated their own knowledge on the topic as higher (d = 0.22) than participants in the incongruent condition—even though the factual knowledge gain should be equal in both conditions. Finally, we observed positive relationships between processing fluency and subjective issue knowledge (β = 0.11) as well as between subjective issue knowledge and issue-specific political participation (β = 0.43).DiscussionOur findings highlight the importance of considering metacognitive constructs such as subjective knowledge to explain political behaviors and suggest that attitudinal congruence influences the way we perceive our own knowledge and information processing.
Psychophysiological stress response after a 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion training in psychiatric rehabilitation inpatients: a randomized post-test only study
Authors: Andorfer Andrea , Kraler Sabina , Kaufmann Paul , Pollheimer Ewald , Spah Christoph , Fuchshuber Jürgen , Rominger Christian , Traunmüller Claudia , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Unterrainer Human-Friedrich 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesMindfulness-based interventions (including self-compassion interventions) are effective in improving stress management at psychological and physical levels. Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) is a newly developed program particularly aimed at increasing self-compassion. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the psychophysiological stress response during a social-evaluative speaking task differs in inpatients participating in the MSC or the Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) program at the end of their 6-week psychiatric rehabilitation stay (i.e., post-test only design).MethodData from 50 inpatients (25 MSC, 25 PMR, 35 female) aged 19 to 76 years (M = 47.22, SD = 12.44) were analyzed in terms of psychophysiological stress response. For this purpose, heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed together with several psychometric variables: positive and negative affect (PANAS), subjective stress perception (Visual Analog Scale), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), cognitive reappraisal and suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), and appraisal and rumination (selected items).ResultsAfter correction for alpha inflation no differences in the psychophysiological stress response and psychometric parameters between the MSC and PMR group were found.DiscussionIn general, our results indicate that MSC is not superior to PMR training. However, more research with clinical randomized controlled trials investigating larger samples are needed to further affirm these initial findings.
Impact of Bacillus cereus on the Human Gut Microbiota in a 3D In Vitro Model
Authors: Calvigioni Marco , Panattoni Adelaide , Biagini Francesco , Donati Leonardo , Mazzantini Diletta , Massimino Mariacristina , Daddi Costanza , Celandroni Francesco , Vozzi Giovanni , Ghelardi Emilia 
Published: July 2023

In vitro models for culturing complex microbial communities are progressively being used to study the effects of different factors on the modeling of in vitro-cultured microorganisms. In previous work, we validated a 3D in vitro model of the human gut microbiota based on electrospun gelatin scaffolds covered with mucins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus cereus, a pathogen responsible for food poisoning diseases in humans, on the gut microbiota grown in the model. Real-time quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing were performed to obtain information on microbiota composition after introducing B. cereus ATCC 14579 vegetative cells or culture supernatants. The adhesion of B. cereus to intestinal mucins was also tested. The presence of B. cereus induced important modifications in the intestinal communities. Notably, levels of Proteobacteria (particularly Escherichia coli), Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia were reduced, while abundances of Bifidobacterium and Mitsuokella increased. In addition, B. cereus was able to adhere to mucins. The results obtained from our in vitro model stress the hypothesis that B. cereus is able to colonize the intestinal mucosa by stably adhering to mucins and impacting intestinal microbial communities as an additional pathogenetic mechanism during gastrointestinal infection.
Identification of the Efficacy of Ex Situ Conservation of Ammopiptanthus nanus Based on Its ETS-SSR Markers
Authors: Liu Jingdian , Wang Xiyong , Lu Ting , Wang Jiancheng , Shi Wei 
Published: July 2023

Ammopiptanthus possesses ancestral traits and, as a tertiary relict, is one of the surviving remnants of the ancient Mediterranean retreat and climate drought. It is also the only genus of super xerophytic, evergreen, broad-leaved shrubs. Ammopiptanthus nanus, one of the two species in this genus, is predominantly found in extremely arid and frigid environments, and is increasingly threatened with extinction. Study of the species’ genetic diversity is thus beneficial for its survival and the efficacy of ex situ conservation efforts. Based on transcriptome data, 15 pairs of effective EST-SSR were screened to evaluate A. nanus genetic diversity. In all, 87 samples from three populations were evaluated, the results of which show that ex situ conservation in the Wuqia region needs to be supplemented. Conservation and breeding of individual A. nanus offspring should be strengthened in the future to ensure their progeny continue to exhibit high genetic diversity and variation.
PENGARUH TERAPI BEKAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI KLINIK PRATAMA INTERMEDICA BEKASI
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Sofiyat Ali Ilham 
Published: July 2023

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu diantara penyakit tidak menular yang masih menjadi permasalahan di dunia. IDF (2017) menyebutkan bahwa jumlah kematian DM setiap tahunnya adalah 1,9% dan menjadikan DM sebagai penyebab kematian urutan 7 di dunia. RISKESDAS (2018) DKI Jakarta menyebutkan peningkatan jumlah kasus DM 2,5% pada tahun 2013 menjadi 3,4% di tahun 2018, sedangkan prevalensi kejadian DM adalah 6,3% pada tahun 2013 menjadi 8,5% di tahun 2018. Selanjutnya pada tahun 2019 prevalensi 9,3% menjadi 10,20% di tahun 2030 (IDF, 2019). DM tidak saja diderita orang dewasa, menurut IDAI (Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia), angka kejadian DM pada rentang usia 0 – 18 tahun sebesar 70% dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Klinik Pratama Intermedica Bekasi. Metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian rata-rata kadar gula darah sewaktu (GDS) dari semua pasien sebelum dilakukan terapi bekam sebesar 295,03 mg/dL, sedangkan rata-rata kadar gula darah sewaktu setelah dilakukan terapi bekam adalah 264,03 mg/dL Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test diperoleh p value = 0,000, artinya terdapat pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus di Klinik Pratama Intermedica Bekasi. Saran diharapkan masyarakat luas mengetahui manfaat dan kegunaan pengobatan melalui terapi bekam untuk menjaga kesehatan tubuh, menghilangkan letih, lesu, lelah, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, sakit bahu, alergi, darah tinggi dan menghilangkan 72 macam penyakit lainnya.
Health Care Costs Associated with the Development and Combination of Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Nichols Gregory A. , Amitay Efrat L. , Chatterjee Satabdi , Steubl Dominik 
Published: July 2023

Key Points

Onset of any new cardio-renal-metabolic condition drove substantial increase in health care costs.Overall costs increased by $10,316 (130%) when CKD developed, $6789 (84%) for type 2 diabetes, $21,573 (304%) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and $36,522 (475%) for heart failure.However, as a result of prediagnosis costs being higher as more conditions were present, the percentage increases in costs associated with incidence were lower when more prevalent conditions existed.

Background
The cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) syndrome is a constellation of conditions which includes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF), CKD, and type 2 diabetes. The economic consequences of developing each of these comorbidities in the context of the others have not been studied.

Methods
We used the electronic medical records of Kaiser Permanente Northwest to identify 387,985 members aged 18 years or older who had a serum creatinine measured between 2005 and 2017. Patients were followed through 2019. We used a statistical approach that assesses time dependency for continuous measures; the total observation period for each patient was divided into quarters (91-day increments), and each patient contributed a record for every quarter in which they were members of the health plan. CRM status was determined for each quarter.

Results
The incremental annualized cost of each of these chronic diseases was similar regardless of which other conditions were present when the new condition developed. Overall costs increased by $10,316 (130%) when CKD developed, $6789 (84%) for type 2 diabetes, $21,573 (304%) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and $36,522 (475%) for HF. However, as a result of prediagnosis costs being higher as more conditions were present, the percentage increases in costs associated with incidence were lower when more prevalent conditions existed.

Conclusions
Onset of any new CRM condition drove substantial increase in health care costs. Our findings indicate a clear interplay of CRM conditions and emphasize the need for better simultaneous prevention and management of these disease states to reduce the economic burden on health care systems.
PENGALAMAN ORANG TUA DALAM MERAWAT ANAK SAKIT DI RUMAH SELAMA MASA PANDEMI DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Elka Fitri Dwi , Nora Anggreini Silvia , Ulfah Ayudhyta Awaliyah 
Published: July 2023

Sejak awal kehidupan, anak-anak bergantung kepada orang tuanya untuk melindungi dan memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Setiap orang tua memiliki tugas untuk merawat anak mereka. Banyak penyakit yang menyerang anak-anak, namun penyakit yang sering dialami anak-anak antara lain diare, demam dan ISPA. Banyak orang tua ragu untuk membawa anak ke rumah sakit pada masa pandemi covid 19 ini, dan melakukan perawatan anak sakit dirumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat lebih dalam, apa saja cara yang orang tua lakukan dalam merawat anak sakit dirumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, penentuan informan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode triangulasi data, dengan metode analisis data yaitu teknik analisis Interaktif Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap ibu memiliki cara unik untuk melakukan perawatan anaknya yang sakit dirumah, namun hal-hal yang telah orang tua lakukan ini hampir rata-rata merupakan hal yang benar dan tepat dilakukan untuk merawat anak sakit dirumah. . Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian ini orang tua dapat memberikan tindakan yang baik dalam merawat anak sakit pada masa pandemi. Tenaga kesehatan juga diharapkan semakin gencar dalam memberikan informasi-informasi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan sehingga sikap dan tindakan orang tua dalam peraawatan anak sakit dirumah juga semakin baik.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI SILASE KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculata) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASAM FORMAT DAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT 3B104
Authors: N Yovitaro Noviana , Lestari Susi , R.J. Siti Hanggita 
Published: July 2023

The purposes of this research were to know characteristics of golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata) silage processed chemically and microbiologycal using lactid acid bacteria culture (LAB) 3B104. The research used the Factorial Randomized Block Designed with two factors of treatment and each was replicated three times. The factors were different of percentation formic acid (formic acid 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5%), without and given lactid acid bacteria (LAB) culture 3B104. The parameters were chemical analysis (pH value, moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate, crude fiber) and microbiologycal analysis (Total Plate Count, Salmonella test, Escherischia coli test). The result of this research were different ration of percentage formic acid, without and given lactid acid bacteria culture (LAB) 3B104 had significant effect on pH value, moisture content, protein content, carbohydrate and crude fiber. The average value were pH value after fermentation (4.73-5.46), moisture content (77.98%-81.59%), ash content (2.25%-3.97%), protein content (10.88%-14.54%), fat content (0.45%-0.68%.), carbohydrate content (2.00%-3.70%.), crude fiber (0.56%-1.47%). The highest protein content (14.54%) was found in the treatment of formic acid 3.5% without given lactid acid bacteria culture (LAB) 3B104. The microbiologycal analysis showed total plate count (5.78 log CFU/gr-7.29 log CFU/gr), negative Salmonella and Escherischia coli. Â Keyword: golden snail silage, formic acid, lactid acid bacteria (LAB)
BEKASAM IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) DENGAN PENGGUNAAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Kalista Ayu , Supriadi Agus , R.J. Siti Hanggita 
Published: July 2023

This purposes of this research were to determine the effect of different carbohydrat sources on the the characteristics of chemical, microbiological and organoleptic bekasam Â catfish. The research was conducted in June until July 2011 at Fishery Processing Technology Laboratory, Aquaculture Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Laboratory and Bioprocess Laboratory University of Sriwijaya.This research that the used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments, and each treatment was replicated three times. The treatment were Â A1 = glutinous rice flour, A2 = corn flour, A3= wheat flour , A4 = cassava flour, A5 = rice flour.The result showed used of different carbohydrate sources had significant effect in N-amino content, pH value and total count but was significantly for water content and ash content. The highest bacterial count was obtained by using rice flour (4,491) and the lowest was found in bekasam with glutinous rice (3.470). The flour that has a higher amylose content is easier to use as a bacterial growth media. Based on sensory test, the best treatment was derived from rice flour and had a higher preference level aroma (3.64), tekstur (3.86) and apperance (3.27). The research recomended that bekasam that used rice flour had best physical, chemical and mikrobiology properties.
A Need Analysis for Learning English to Young Learners
Authors: Amalia Firda , Albiansyah Albiansyah 
Published: July 2023

A growing body of literature has discussed need analysis in a certain domain. The issue raised since English to Young Learners was important to support the process of language learning in the classroom. The present study was employed to investigate student's need analysis, especially for the teaching of English to young learners in the elementary school level. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and analyzing the documents of sample students. Questionnaires were distributed to 25 students of grade 5A and 5B, and interviews were conducted with an English teacher of grade 5 at an elementary school in Jakarta. The findings revealed that the students were expected to master language skills so that they could be more confident in reading and writing. Furthermore, they also have several preferable topics to be discussed in the learning process such as family and friends, foods, or meals. They prefer to have topics that could be related to their daily life and their background knowledge. Moreover, there are several factors that may hinder the teaching of reading and writing. The irrelevant topics to their daily life and interest, lack of vocabulary knowledge, and anxiety in writing were the factors that made them hard to read and write. Therefore, the development of class materials needed to be relevant to students' needs. Keywords: Need Analysis, English to Young Learners, Learning Materials
Recursos didácticos tecnológicos y su incidencia en el interaprendizaje enfocado a la educación básica
Authors: Yucailla Sánchez Rosa Anita , Núñez Cáceres Cecilia del Rocío , Pazmiño Valarezo María Belén , López Martínez Gissela Katherine , Domínguez Hernández Gladys Ximena 
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la importancia de los recursos didácticos tecnológicos y su incidencia en el interaprendizaje en la Educación General Básica en el Centro de Educación Básica Fiscal La Condamine del cantón Tisaleo provincia de Tungurahua, pues la institución no cuenta con un blog de recursos didácticos tecnológicos que les permita a los maestros actualizar sus conocimientos para la aplicación de estos en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, se propone que los docentes se apropien de los diferentes recursos didácticos que suman la tecnología para alentar el desarrollo integral del estudiante, asimismo generar docentes comprometidos con un nuevo enfoque de aprendizaje que además mejoren su creatividad, potencialidad cognitiva, afectiva y procedimental, pretender que maestros y maestras posibiliten desarrollar su pensamiento crítico, reflexivo, analítico y creativo a través de actividades secuénciales conforme a los niveles de desarrollo cognitivo en los estudiantes.
Kinetic Features of Alpha Particles in a Pestchek-like Magnetic Reconnection Event in the Solar Wind Observed by Solar Orbiter
Authors: Duan Die , He Jiansen , Zhu Xingyu , Zhuo Rui , Wu Ziqi , Nicolaou Georgios , Huang Jia , Verscharen Daniel , Yang Liu , Owen Christopher J. , Fedorov Andrey , Louarn Philippe , Horbury Timothy S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The acceleration and heating of solar wind particles by magnetic reconnection are important mechanisms in space physics. Although alpha particles (4He2+) are the second most abundant population of solar wind ions, their kinetic behavior in solar wind magnetic reconnection is not well understood. Using the high-energy (1500–3000 eV) range of the Solar Wind Analyser/Proton–Alpha Sensor instrument on board Solar Orbiter, we study the kinetic features of alpha particles in an exhaust region of a Pestchek-like solar-wind reconnection event with a weak guide field. A pair of back-to-back compound discontinuities is observed in the exhaust region. We find that the plasma in the magnetic exhaust region is heated and bounded by slow shocks (SSs), while the accelerated reconnection jet is bounded by rotational discontinuities (RDs). The SSs are outside the RDs, which is not expected from the magnetohydrodynamical prediction. We suggest this different location of the discontinuities is due to the enhanced parallel temperature T

p∥ > T

p⊥, which reduces the local Alfvén speed in the exhaust region, allowing the SSs to propagate faster than the RDs. Inside the exhaust region, the guide field is dominant. We find a two-population distribution of the alpha particles. These two populations are field aligned downstream the SSs and shift to have a perpendicular offset in the reconnection jet, suggesting that the change of the magnetic field at the RDs has similar timescales with the proton gyroperiod, but faster than those of the alpha particles, such that the alpha particles behave like pickup ions.