bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Unpredictability in Maintaining Control of the Security Forces in the Gambia
Authors: Dwyer Maggie 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
This research explores a classic predicament of authoritarian leaders—the need for a strong security force to deter opposition alongside a fear of the threats that a strong force could pose. By providing a unique view into the security services in The Gambia under President Jammeh (1994–2017), it argues that fostering uncertainty was the key tool in maintaining control of the armed forces. It situates this approach in the context of wider theories of institutional arbitrariness. The research demonstrates how unpredictability was operationalized through multiple, overlapping practices targeting both the structural level and routine aspects of military life. It also looks at international opportunities as an avenue to mitigate some of the negative effects of pervasive uncertainty in the forces. The research provides new insights into the internal dynamics of state security forces by drawing on data newly available after The Gambia’s democratic political transition of 2017. This includes interviews with members of the forces, testimonies from the Truth, Reconciliation, and Reparation Commission (TRRC), court martial transcripts, and other government reports.
In vitro detection of suspected drug in maculopapular drug reaction to antibiotics using secreted cytokines from drug-specific activated T cells
Authors: Dharanisankar Sushmitha , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Rajappa Medha , Ramassamy Sivaranjini 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Maculopapular drug eruption (MPE) in reaction to antibiotics is associated with enhanced expression of T-helper (Th)1 cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5. Identifying the culprit drug usually involves rechallenge, which may not be forthcoming. Memory lymphocytes remain responsive to the culprit drug long after the reaction has resolved. On reactivation in vitro, there is increased proliferation and expression of certain markers, which provides us with an opportunity to predict the causal drug.

Objectives
The study aimed to assess drug-specific cytokine production (IL-5 and IFN-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants to predict the causal antibiotic in cases of MPE.

Methods
PBMCs of 18 patients who developed MPE to 20 suspected antibiotics (2 patients had 2 suspected antibiotic allergies each), along with 11 drug-matched healthy controls, were incubated for 5 days with the respective drugs at 2 different concentrations. Secreted cytokines were measured in the supernatants, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-5 and IFN-gamma, at 6 h of incubation, then on day 2 and day 5.

Results
Drug-specific IL-5 and IFN-gamma production could be demonstrated in 65% and 74% of the cases, respectively. Maximal secretion of IL-5 and IFN-gamma was observed on day 5 and day 2 of incubation, respectively. The cut-off delta values, defined as the difference in cytokine concentration between drug-stimulated and unstimulated samples, were 4 pg mL−1 for IL-5 and 6 pg mL−1 for IFN-gamma.

Conclusions
The measurement of drug-specific secretion of IL-5 and IFN-gamma using ELISA is a valuable method for detecting antibiotic-induced MPE.
Cortical and thalamic modulation of auditory gating in the posterior parietal cortex of awake mice
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Zijie , Wang Xuejiao , Li Jinhong , Wang Xueru , Chen Jingyu , Li Yingna , Wang Changming , Qin Ling 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Auditory gating (AG) is an adaptive mechanism for filtering out redundant acoustic stimuli to protect the brain against information overload. AG deficits have been found in many mental illnesses, including schizophrenia (SZ). However, the neural correlates of AG remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) shows an intermediate level of AG in auditory thalamocortical circuits, with a laminar profile in which the strongest AG is in the granular layer. Furthermore, AG of the PPC was decreased and increased by optogenetic inactivation of the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and auditory cortex (AC), respectively. Optogenetically activating the axons from the MD and AC drove neural activities in the PPC without an obvious AG. These results indicated that AG in the PPC is determined by the integrated signal streams from the MD and AC in a bottom-up manner. We also found that a mouse model of SZ (postnatal administration of noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) presented an AG deficit in the PPC, which may be inherited from the dysfunction of MD. Together, our findings reveal a neural circuit underlying the generation of AG in the PPC and its involvement in the AG deficit of SZ.
1-Year Outcomes of Lung Transplantation for Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated End-Stage Lung Disease in the United States
Authors: Okumura Kenji , Jyothula Soma , Kaleekal Thomas , Dhand Abhay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation can provide quality of life and survival benefits for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated end-stage lung disease. Characteristics and outcomes of these lung transplant recipients are limited to mostly single-center experiences or provide a short-term follow-up.MethodsCharacteristics of deceased donors and adult lung transplant recipients for COVID-19–associated end-stage lung disease between August-2020 and June-2022 were analyzed using deidentified United Network for Organ Sharing database. Post-transplant patient survival of COVID-19 recipients was analyzed and compared with non–COVID-19 recipients. Secondary outcomes were length of hospitalization, post-transplant complications, and rates of organ rejection.ResultsDuring the study period, 400 lung transplants for COVID-associated end-stage lung disease comprised 8.7% of all lung transplants performed in United States. In the COVID-19 group, Hispanic males received lung transplants at significantly higher rates. The COVID-19 group was younger and had greater need for intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and receipt of antibiotics pre-lung transplant. They had higher lung allocation score, with a shorter wait-list time and received more double lung transplants compared with non–COVID-19 recipients. Post-transplant, the COVID-19 cohort had longer hospital stays, with similar 1-year patient survival (COVID, 86.6% vs non–COVID, 86.3%). Post-transplant, COVID-19–associated deaths were 9.2% of all deaths among lung transplant recipients.ConclusionsLung transplantation offers a effective option for carefully selected patients with end-stage lung disease from prior COVID-19, with short-term and long-term outcomes similar to those for lung transplant recipients of non–COVID-19 etiology.
The ‘General Theory 4.0’ research programme: macroeconomics when Keynes eventually escapes Debreu and meets Ulysses and Einstein
Authors: Togati Teodoro Dario 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I propose a new research programme, the ‘General Theory (GT) 4.0’, aimed at restoring the academic influence of Keynes, against many contemporary misunderstandings, by defending his view that macroeconomics is an autonomous discipline with respect to standard theory. This paper focuses on two specific, complementary lines of defence. The first is to show that the metaphor of ‘Ulysses’ journey home’ for understanding Keynes, recently proposed in the literature, provides an intuitive, plastic representation of his major autonomy claims. The second is to suggest that such claims are not ad hoc, but in tune with the postulates of a scientific revolutionary paradigm, such as the relativity theory, reflecting the fact that Keynes and Einstein—despite obvious differences in their respective domains—shared the same ontology, the metaphysical world view of time and epistemology.
Successful aortic valve replacement by overexpanding a SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve for a large aortic annulus (&gt;900 mm2): a case report
Authors: Sherwood Dalton , Nguyen Peter , Caranasos Thomas , Vavalle John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited commercial valve sizes available for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This makes it challenging or even prohibitive to perform TAVI on large aortic annuli.Case summaryA 78-year-old male with known low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis presented with progressive dyspnoea, chest pressure, and decompensated heart failure. Successful off-label TAVI was performed for tricuspid aortic valve stenosis with an aortic annulus of &gt;900 mm2. An Edwards S3 29 mm valve was overexpanded with an extra 7 mL of volume at valve deployment. No complications occurred, and only trivial paravalvular leak was seen following implantation. The patient died from a non-cardiovascular cause 8 months following the procedure.DiscussionPatients that require aortic valve replacement with prohibitive surgical risk and have very large aortic valve annuli pose significant technical challenges. This case shows the feasibility of TAVI by overexpanding an Edwards S3 valve.
Effect of dronedarone vs. placebo on atrial fibrillation progression: apost hocanalysis from ATHENA trial
Authors: Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Naccarelli Gerald V , McKindley David S , Bigot Gregory , Wieloch Mattias , Hohnloser Stefan H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThis post hoc analysis of the ATHENA trial (NCT00174785) assessed the effect of dronedarone on the estimated burden of atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) progression to presumed permanent AF/AFL, and regression to sinus rhythm (SR), compared with placebo.Methods and resultsThe burden of AF/AFL was estimated by a modified Rosendaal method using available electrocardiograms (ECG). Cumulative incidence of permanent AF/AFL (defined as ≥6 months of AF/AFL until end of study) or permanent SR (defined as ≥6 months of SR until end of study) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates. A log-rank test was used to assess statistical significance. Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Cox model, adjusted for treatment group. Of the 4439 patients included in this analysis, 2208 received dronedarone, and 2231 placebo. Baseline and clinical characteristics were well balanced between groups. Overall, 304 (13.8%) dronedarone-treated patients progressed to permanent AF/AFL compared with 455 (20.4%) treated with placebo (P &lt; 0.0001). Compared with those receiving placebo, patients receiving dronedarone had a lower cumulative incidence of permanent AF/AFL (log-rank P &lt; 0.001; HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.56–0.75), a higher cumulative incidence of permanent SR (log-rank P &lt; 0.001; HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.29), and a lower estimated AF/AFL burden over time (P &lt; 0.01 from Day 14 to Month 21).ConclusionThese results suggest that dronedarone could be a useful antiarrhythmic drug for early rhythm control due to less AF/AFL progression and more regression to SR vs. placebo, potentially reflecting reverse remodeling.Clinical trial registrationNCT00174785
The connection between the equatorial temperature bias and north–south helicity segregation in numerical simulations of the geodynamo
Authors: Davidson P A , Ranjan A 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY
In recent numerical simulations of the geodynamo the dynamo action is driven, primarily, by the effects of helicity, with differential rotation playing only a secondary role. These dynamos display a number of robust features, such as: (i) thin convective columns outside the tangent cylinder whose azimuthally averaged helicity, $\langle h \rangle = \langle {{{\bf u}} \cdot \nabla \times {{\bf u}}} \rangle $, is left-handed in the north and right-handed in the south, (ii) approximately 2-D motion in the equatorial regions, with negligible axial velocity,$\langle {{u}_z} \rangle \approx 0$, (iii) positive radial current at mid-latitudes and negative radial current in the equatorial regions, (iv) a radial outflow in the equatorial regions and (v) elevated temperatures near the equator. We seek the relationship between all five of these observations. First, we note that $\langle {{u}_z} \rangle \approx 0$ near the equator follows from the skew-symmetric distribution of helicity, while a negative radial current at the equator is a generic feature of helicity-driven dynamos which have positive (negative) helicity in the south (north). Next, we confirm an earlier suggestion that the equatorial outflow is driven by Lorentz forces associated with the negative radial current. Crucially, however, this outflow does not account for the elevated equatorial temperatures. Rather, the high temperature near the equator is primarily a consequence of anisotropic turbulent diffusion, which preferentially carries heat radially outward along the equator, this anisotropy being a consequence of the (approximately) 2-D flow near the equator. In short, we show that the high equatorial temperatures are a direct consequence of the skew-symmetric distribution of helicity. Finally, we recall that the high equatorial temperatures can themselves explain the observed helicity distribution, as buoyant anomalies near the equator trigger inertial waves which carry negative helicity upward and positive helicity downward. Thus, there is a direct, two-way coupling between the high equatorial temperatures and the helicity distribution.
A finite-difference method for stress modelling based on wave propagation
Authors: Fan Zhuo , Cheng Fei , Liu Jiangping , Han Bingkai , Zheng Yunpeng 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYThe determinations of detailed stress states are of great importance for various environmental and engineering investigations, which makes numerical stress modelling a key issue in many fields. We developed a new stress modelling method governed by elastic wave equations using finite-difference scheme. By introducing an artificial damping factor to the particle velocity in wave modelling, the proposed method is able to solve both the dynamic stress evolution and the static stress state of equilibrium. We validate the proposed method both in body force and surface force benchmarks in different scales. With the proposed method, we are able to substantially improve the modelling accuracy of models in unbounded domain by using the perfectly matched layer as the artificial boundary conditions. A 3-D concrete-faced rockfill dam model is further presented as a numerical example of practical investigation. The consistent results with the finite-element method further illustrate the proposed method's applicability. As a minor modification to wave modelling scheme, the proposed stress modelling method is not only accurate for geological models through different scales, but also physically reasonable and easy to implement for geophysicists.
Use of digital technologies to support cancer screening in community health promotion interventions: scoping review
Authors: Costantini Luigi , Del Riccio Marco , Piccoli Elisa , Lavecchia Vincenzo , Corradini Elena , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Martucci Gianfranco , Lavserack Glenn 
Published: February 2023

Summary
The scoping review investigated how digital technologies have helped to increase cancer screening uptake in communities including adolescents, adults and elderly people during the COVID-19 outbreak between January 2020 and June 2021. Thirteen studies were identified as being relevant, mostly addressing underserved or minority communities with the purpose to increase screening uptake, delivering health education or investigating social and cultural barriers to cancer screening. The interventions effectively used digital technologies such as mobile apps and messengers mobile apps, messaging and Web platforms. The limitations imposed by COVID-19 on social interaction can be supported with digital solutions to ensure the continuity of cancer screening programs. However, more research is needed to clarify the exact nature of effectiveness, especially in large-scale interventions.
On a Conjecture of Bitoun and Schedler
Authors: Mustaţă Mircea , Olano Sebastián 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Suppose that $X$ is a smooth complex algebraic variety of dimension $\geq 3$ and $f$ defines a hypersurface $Z$ in $X$, with a unique singular point $P$. Bitoun and Schedler conjectured that the ${\mathcal {D}}$-module generated by $\tfrac {1}{f}$ has length equal to $g_{P}(Z)+2$, where $g_{P}(Z)$ is the reduced genus of $Z$ at $P$. We prove that this length is always $\geq g_{P}(Z)+2$ and equality holds if and only if $\tfrac {1}{f}$ lies in the ${\mathcal {D}}$-module generated by $I_{0}(f)\tfrac {1}{f}$, where $I_{0}(f)$ is the multiplier ideal ${\mathcal {J}}(f^{1-\epsilon })$, with $0&lt;\epsilon \ll 1$. In particular, we see that the conjecture holds if the pair $(X,Z)$ is log canonical. We can also recover, with an easy proof, the result of Bitoun and Schedler saying that the conjecture holds for weighted homogeneous isolated singularities. On the other hand, we give an example (a polynomial in $3$ variables with an ordinary singular point of multiplicity $4$) for which the conjecture does not hold.
A compilation of virulence-associated genes that are frequently reported in avian pathogenicEscherichia coli(APEC) compared to otherE. coli
Authors: Ovi Fozol , Zhang Li , Nabors Haley , Jia Linan , Adhikari Pratima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEscherichia coli survive in various hosts and environments due to their highly diversified genome. These bacteria have coevolved with humans, colonized a broad range of hosts, and survive as a commensal organism or pathogen. Escherichia coli that adopted a pathogenic lifecycle in avian hosts typically belong to phylogroups B2 and D. Phylogenic investigations discovered these E. coli are noticeably overlapped with the phylogroup of E. coli infecting humans. This overlapping is possibly due to a parallel evolution in both hosts from a common ancestor, which indicates a high zoonotic potential of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). However, some contrasting evidence of other phylogroups infecting the avian host has also been reported in recent studies indicating phylogroups of E. coli are not definitive, only suggestive to their virulence in chickens. Furthermore, virulence-associated genes that contribute to bacterial features necessary to establish APEC infection, are predominantly located in plasmids. Therefore, phylogenetic classification based on chromosomal markers is often inadequate to identify APEC. Moreover, E. coli can obtain virulent plasmids from other bacteria, which further complicates the link between phylogenetic classification and pathotype. Previous research has reported an array of virulence-associated genes highly prevalent only in APEC isolates. Function of these genes are possibly a prerequisite to establishing APEC infections in chickens. Consequently, these genes can be used to distinguish APEC from environmental, commensal, intestinal, and other extraintestinal E. coli. Therefore, we have extensively reviewed previous literature to compile the virulence-associated genes that are highly prevalent in APEC compared to other E. coli. From this review, we have identified 10 key virulence-associated genes (iss,tsh,iroN, episomal/chromosomal ompT,iutA,cvaC,hlyF,iucD,papG allel(II/III), and papC) that are frequently reported in APEC isolates than nonpathogenic E. coli. A compilation of these research findings can be crucial to the molecular identification of APEC. Furthermore, it can serve as a guideline for future investigation and aid in formulation of intervention strategies.
HER2-low status may predict poor neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in HR-negative breast cancer: a real-world multicenter study
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Jiang Yunshan , Xu Lingyun , Li Changwen , Wang Ji , Liu Zhao , Xue Dandan , Gu Yanlin , Zhong Zhaoyun , He Shiqing , Wang Shui , Zhou Wenbin , Pan Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to investigate the impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low versus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-zero) on pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival outcomes in early-stage breast cancer.

Methods
Patients with primary invasive breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between July 2018 and July 2021 were identified from six hospitals. The primary efficacy end-point was total pathological complete response. The second short-term efficacy end-points include breast pathological complete response, axillary lymph nodes pathological complete response and the score of Miller-Payne grade. Long-term efficacy end-point was disease-free survival.

Results
429 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative invasive tumors were included, 267 (62.24%) had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low tumors. Hormone receptor-positive patients had a higher percentage of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low tumors compared to hormone receptor-negative patients (71.97% versus 42.14%). The pathological response rate was significantly lower in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low tumors than in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-zero tumors for total patients in univariate analysis, including the rates of total pathological complete response (5.2% versus 14.2%), breast pathological complete response (6.4% versus 17.3%), nodes pathological complete response (26.3% versus 37.7%) and MP4–5 (21.2% versus 33.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that the rates of total pathological complete response, breast pathological complete response and MP4–5 were also significantly lower in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low tumors versus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-zero tumors in both univariate and multivariate analysis in hormone receptor-negative subgroup. With the median follow-up of 24 months, disease-free survival was comparable between these two subgroups (P = 0.816).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low tumors achieved a significantly lower pathological complete response rate with conventional chemotherapy than those with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-zero tumors, especially for hormone receptor-negative group. Large, randomized, prospective studies are needed to confirm our data and further evaluate the prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low expression.