bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound image-based deep learning to differentiate tubal-ovarian abscess from ovarian endometriosis cyst
Authors: Hu Ping , Gao Yanjuan , Zhang Yiqian , Sun Kui 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: We developed ultrasound (US) image-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to distinguish between tubal-ovarian abscess (TOA) and ovarian endometriosis cyst (OEC).Methods: A total of 202 patients who underwent US scanning and confirmed tubal-ovarian abscess or ovarian endometriosis cyst by pathology were enrolled in retrospective research, in which 171 patients (from January 2014 to September 2021) were considered the primary cohort (training, validation, and internal test sets) and 31 patients (from September 2021 to December 2021) were considered the independent test cohort. There were 68 tubal-ovarian abscesses and 89 OEC, 4 TOA and 10 OEC, and 10 TOA and 21 OEC patients belonging to training and validation sets, internal sets, and independent test sets, respectively. For the model to gain better generalization, we applied the geometric image and color transformations to augment the dataset, including center crop, random rotation, and random horizontal flip. Three convolutional neural networks, namely, ResNet-152, DenseNet-161, and EfficientNet-B7 were applied to differentiate tubal-ovarian abscess from ovarian endometriosis cyst, and their performance was compared with three US physicians and a clinical indicator of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) on the independent test set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance.Results: Among the three convolutional neural networks, the performance of ResNet-152 was the highest, with AUROCs of 0.986 (0.954–1). The AUROCs of the three physicians were 0.781 (0.620–0.942), 0.738 (0.629–848), and 0.683 (0.501–0.865), respectively. The clinical indicator CA125 achieved only 0.564 (0.315–0.813).Conclusion: We demonstrated that the CNN model based on the US image could discriminate tubal-ovarian abscess and ovarian endometriosis cyst better than US physicians and CA125. This method can provide a valuable predictive reference for physicians to screen tubal-ovarian abscesses and ovarian endometriosis cysts in time.
Divergent seasonal responses of above- and below-ground to environmental factors in alpine grassland
Authors: Qin Xiaojing , Nie Xiaojun , Wang Xiaodan , Hong Jiangtao , Yan Yan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionUnder current global warming, the relationship between season changes of plants and environmental factors is focused on high-elevation and latitude regions. Due to the desynchronized growth of above- and below-ground and the buffering of soil, the driving factors in leaf and root show seasonal dynamics.MethodsWe measured above- and below-ground intensity in the alpine steppe over the non-growing season (October-April) and growing season (May-September). Air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and soil temperature were used to analyze the correlation based on the growth rhythm.ResultsResults showed that an earlier growth in spring and a delayed dormancy in autumn of root than leaf was observed. Our results strongly suggest that soil moisture plays a more important role in leaf unfolding while temperature is consistent with the withering of the shoots. Soil moisture comes from soil melt driving the spring phenology of roots, which derived from the storage of the subsoil layer in the last autumn.DiscussionClimate change will affect the strong seasonal patterns that characterized these precipitation-limited systems, especially in the spring and fall shoulder seasons. As seasonality changes in the alpine steppe, divergent responses of leaf and fine root would be explored.
The motivation against change in male methamphetamine users in the compulsory detoxification setting
Authors: Shen Wenwen , Li Longhui , Liu Yue , Xie Xiaohu , Chen Weisheng , Liu Huifen , Zhang Wenwu , Liu Yu , Yu Haihang , Zhou Wenhua 
Published: February 2023

AimsThe study was designed to develop a measurement for the motivation for and against change in methamphetamine users in the compulsory detoxification setting.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was carried out in a compulsory detoxification center for male drug users in China.ParticipantsA total of 228 male methamphetamine users who had undergone the program for at least 30 days.MeasurementsThe motivation for/against change relating to compulsory detoxification was carried out using the Likert scale. A series of questionnaires were filled out by the participants, including the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran for rearing style, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, the adult ADHD self-report scale, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Participants were also asked to recall the withdrawal symptoms before the program and to rate their current craving levels.FindingsMotivations were grouped into three factors, namely, the expectation to use drugs upon the completion of the program (factor 1), the disagreement with the compulsory setting (factor 2), and the motivation to quit drug use (factor 3). Cronbach's alpha values were 0.8037, 0.8049, and 0.6292, respectively. The structural equation model showed that the overall motivation was characterized by motivation against change rather than that for change. The overall motivation was also directly affected by the current craving level and indirectly affected by the severity of addiction, paternal authoritarian upbringing style, and ADHD traits.ConclusionThis study provided a measurement of motivation for and against change in subjects with drug misconduct and suggested that the motivation against change may disclose more psychological barriers than the motivation for change.
Core health indicators in countries with high proportion of expatriates: Case study of Qatar
Authors: Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Toumi Amine , Khalifa Shams Eldin , Doctor Henry Victor , Alyafei Salah , Al Hamad Sara Khamis , Al-Thani Mohammed , Rashidian Arash 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPopulation size and structure have a huge impact on health indicators. In countries with a high proportion of expatriates, there are some limitations in estimating, aggregating and reporting of the health indicators, and corrections may be required in the established estimation methodologies. We review the case of Qatar to see how its specific population characteristics affect its health indicators.MethodsWe used routinely collected data and reviewed and calculated a selected list of health indicators for Qatari and non-Qatari populations residing in Qatar. Mortality and cancer incidence rates, stratified by nationality, were used for this purpose. Also, a direct method was used to estimate completeness of the death registry, compared to the mortuary data.ResultsAge and sex distribution of Qatari and non-Qatari populations are completely different. Compared to the mortuary data, completeness of death registration for the total population was estimated at 98.9 and 94.3%, with and without considering overseas deaths, respectively. Both estimates were considerably higher than estimates from the indirect methods. Mortality patterns were different even after standardization of age and stratification of sex groups; male age-standardized mortality rates were 502.7 and 242.3 per 100,000 individuals, respectively for Qataris and non-Qataris. The rates were closer in female populations (315.6 and 291.5, respectively). The leading types of cancer incidents were different in Qataris and non-Qataris.ConclusionsExpatriates are a dynamic population with high-turnover, different from Qatari population in their age-sex structure and health status. They are more likely to be young or middle-aged and are less affected by age related diseases and cancers. Also, they might be at higher risks for specific diseases or injuries. Aggregating indicators of Qatari and non-Qatari populations might be mis-leading for policy making purposes, and common estimation correction approaches cannot alleviate the limitations. High-proportion of expatriate population also imposes significant errors to some of the key demographic estimates (such as completeness of death registry). We recommend a standardized approach to consider nationality in addition to age and sex distributions for analysis of health data in countries with a high proportion of expatriates.
The impact of leader safety communication on work engagement under pandemic: The effect of OBSE and anxiety based on COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Xingchi , Guo Yujie , Liu Yuhao 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe outbreak of COVID-19 has a great impact on employees daily work and psychology. Therefore, as leaders in organization, how to alleviate and avoid the negative impact of COVID-19 so that employees can maintain a positive working attitude has become a problem to be worthy paying attention.MethodsIn this paper, we adopted a time-lagged cross-sectional design to test our research model empirically. The data from a sample of 264 participants in China were collected using existing scales in recent studies, and were used for testing our hypothesizes.ResultsThe results show that leader safety communication based on COVID-19 will positively affect employees' work engagement (b = 0.47, p &lt; 0.001), and organization-based self-esteem plays a full mediating role in the relationship between leader safety communication based on COVID-19 and work engagement (0.29, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, anxiety based on COVID-19 positively moderates the relationship between leader safety communication based on COVID-19 and organization-based self-esteem (b = 0.18, p &lt; 0.01), that is, when anxiety based on COVID-19 is at higher level, the positive relationship between leader safety communication based on COVID-19 and organizational-based self-esteem is stronger, and vice versa. It also moderates the mediating effect of organization-based self-esteem on the relationship between leader safety communication based on COVID-19 and work engagement as well (b = 0.24, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.40]).DiscussionBased on Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this paper investigates the relationship between leader safety communication based on COVID-19 and work engagement, and examines the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating role of anxiety based on COVID-19.
The knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine amongst Primary Health care workers in North-Central Trinidad
Authors: Khan Raveed , Albert Rachel , Awe Leann , De Four Renee , Francois Tichad , Hinds Tahirah , Kellman Avery , Maharaj Kelsey , Mahon Renea , Pierre Chanel , Ramai Alana , Baksh Rameez 
Published: February 2023

AimTo determine the effects of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of primary care health workers toward receiving the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine in North Central, Trinidad.MethodsA pretested de novo questionnaire containing forty-eight (48) closed ended questions and one (1) open ended question was used to gather data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. These included percentages, means and standard deviations for the descriptive aspect and the Chi-Square test to examine any significant associations. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess any significant differences in means among several categories and the independent samples t-test for assessing any significant difference in means between two categories.Results273 respondents completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants (72.2%) were female and within the age range 25–36 (56.0%). The mean knowledge score about the AstraZeneca vaccine was 16.28 (SD = 2.28) out of 19 with an overall correct response rate of 79%. 30.4% of participants had a good attitude score and 59.7% had a positive perception toward the AstraZeneca vaccine. There were significant associations between knowledge and marital status (p = 0.001), income level (p = 0.001), education level (p &lt; 0.001), and length of employment (p = 0.041); attitudes and sex (p = 0.01), age (p = 0.04), marital status (p = 0.009), income level (p &lt; 0.001), education level (p = 0.005) and category of staff (p &lt; 0.001); perception and sex (p = 0.002), marital status (p = 0.027), income level (p &lt; 0.001), and category of staff (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe main contributors to vaccine hesitancy were inadequate duration of clinical trials and fear of adverse side effects. A significant number of participants (17%) were unwilling to get the vaccine due to lack of information.
Solidarity and strife after the Atlanta spa shootings: A mixed methods study characterizing Twitter discussions by qualitative analysis and machine learning
Authors: Criss Shaniece , Nguyen Thu T. , Michaels Eli K. , Gee Gilbert C. , Kiang Mathew V. , Nguyen Quynh C. , Norton Samantha , Titherington Eli , Nguyen Leah , Yardi Isha , Kim Melanie , Thai Nhung , Shepherd Ariel , Kennedy Chris J. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundOn March 16, 2021, a white man shot and killed eight victims, six of whom were Asian women at Atlanta-area spa and massage parlors. The aims of the study were to: (1) qualitatively summarize themes of tweets related to race, ethnicity, and racism immediately following the Atlanta spa shootings, and (2) examine temporal trends in expressions hate speech and solidarity before and after the Atlanta spa shootings using a new methodology for hate speech analysis.MethodsA random 1% sample of publicly available tweets was collected from January to April 2021. The analytic sample included 708,933 tweets using race-related keywords. This sample was analyzed for hate speech using a newly developed method for combining faceted item response theory with deep learning to measure a continuum of hate speech, from solidarity race-related speech to use of violent, racist language. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on random samples of 1,000 tweets referencing Asians before the Atlanta spa shootings from January to March 15, 2021 and 2,000 tweets referencing Asians after the shooting from March 17 to 28 to capture the immediate reactions and discussions following the shootings.ResultsQualitative themes that emerged included solidarity (4% before the shootings vs. 17% after), condemnation of the shootings (9% after), racism (10% before vs. 18% after), role of racist language during the pandemic (2 vs. 6%), intersectional vulnerabilities (4 vs. 6%), relationship between Asian and Black struggles against racism (5 vs. 7%), and discussions not related (74 vs. 37%). The quantitative hate speech model showed a decrease in the proportion of tweets referencing Asians that expressed racism (from 1.4% 7 days prior to the event from to 1.0% in the 3 days after). The percent of tweets referencing Asians that expressed solidarity speech increased by 20% (from 22.7 to 27.2% during the same time period) (p &lt; 0.001) and returned to its earlier rate within about 2 weeks.DiscussionOur analysis highlights some complexities of discrimination and the importance of nuanced evaluation of online speech. Findings suggest the importance of tracking hate and solidarity speech. By understanding the conversations emerging from social media, we may learn about possible ways to produce solidarity promoting messages and dampen hate messages.
Nutritional priorities, practices and preferences of athletes and active individuals in the context of new product development in the sports nutrition sector
Authors: Carey Conor C. , Doyle Lorna , Lucey Alice 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionSports nutrition is a rapidly growing sector with increasing demand for evidence-based nutritional products to support competitive and healthy lifestyles. The product development process for novel foods should rely heavily on end-user engagement to facilitate future success, however there is a dearth of published information available. An understanding of the practices and self-reported nutritional priorities of athletes and active individuals is required for the development of new food products, facilitating evidence-based product formulation.MethodsParticipants were at least 18 years of age, actively participating in competitive sport or structured physical activity on at least two occasions per week. Participants were asked to undertake a comprehensive online survey assessing their nutritional practice, perceived nutritional priorities and preferences for product characteristics. Questions were developed on the basis of critical evaluation of the current scientific literature and the hosting of two scoping focus group sessions with prospective end-users.Results405 individuals (29 ± 9 years) completed this questionnaire. 295 participants reported active participation in competitive sport while the remaining 110 participants undertook structured physical activity exclusively. When asked to rank their top three most sought-after product claims in sports nutrition, “enhanced muscular recovery” was the most prioritised receiving 101 first choice preferences (25%) and 295 top 3 preferences. Fifty-eight percent of participants reported taking nutritional supplements. Caffeine containing functional foods (excluding caffeine supplements) were the most commonly used functional food group. A very low incidence of functional food usage was reported otherwise. When asked to rank the importance of various food product attributes, “nutritional profile” was ranked as the most important with rating of 3.37 ± 0.7 out of 4 followed by “taste” and “accessibility”. Whole food nutritional products received the most first preference selections and most top 3 selections when presented with a number of popular performance and recovery products on the market.ConclusionsThe transition towards a food first approach in sports nutrition is vital for athletes and active individuals to achieve their goals; with the development of evidence-based functional foods, particularly with a focus on muscle recovery, endurance, and strength enhancement at the forefront for new food product design and innovation.
State of the art of breeding, milking, and milk processing for the production of curdled milk and Wagashi Gassirè in Benin: Practices favoring the contamination of its dairy products
Authors: Komagbe Gwladys S. , Dossou Alphonse , Seko Orou Baké Marie-Thérèse , Sessou Philippe , Azokpota Paulin , Youssao Issaka , Hounhouigan Joseph , Scippo Marie-Louise , Clinquart Antoine , Mahillon Jacques , Farougou Souaïbou 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify the factors favoring the contamination of raw cow's milk, curdled milk, and Wagashi Gassirè cheese during their production and preservation in order to develop strategies to improve their quality.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 401 randomly selected stakeholders encompassing all levels of the dairy production chain in the Nikki and Dassa-Zoumé communes of Benin was conducted. The data obtained were analyzed using the SAS software for the calculation of frequencies and the R software for classifying the stakeholders based on the hygiene practices they adopted during the production and conservation of raw cow's milk, curdled milk, and Wagashi Gassirè.Results and discussionThe study identified three types of dairy farmers based on how they medically treated their cattle and implemented hygiene practices, including farmers who (1) relied on themselves or received help from veterinarians trained in animal husbandry and milking to monitor the animals on their farms; (2) relied only on veterinarians; and (3) relied only on themselves. The majority of these dairy farmers felt that hygienic milking practices were very restrictive and difficult to implement. In addition, three groups of Wagashi Gassirè producers were identified: (1) producers trained in good hygiene practices who did not boil or sundry the cheese; (2) producers lacking the infrastructure to protect from weather exposure who used all parts of Calotropis procera for colored Wagashi Gassirè production; and (3) producers who did not often filter the milk and boiled the Wagashi Gassirè in bags before immersion in simple water or whey. The sanitary quality of milk and milk products is influenced by the diverse handling practices employed by producers. These practices must be considered according to the types of farmers and processors when suggesting improved intervention policies.
Bamboo charcoal mediated plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis in tomato against South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta)
Authors: Chen Limin , Li Xiaowei , Wang Jinchao , Chen Tingting , Zhang Jinming , Zhu Qianggen , Huang Jun , Zhang Zhijun , Hafeez Muhammad , Zhou Shuxing , Ren Xiaoyun , Dong Wanying , Jin Aiwu , Hou Youming , Lu Yaobin 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe south American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta), an invasive insect pest species, has established itself in more than 33 Chinese prefectures, where it is mainly damaging tomato crops. Immediate efforts have been initiated to find strategies to control this pest. Studies have shown that biochar (BC) amendment to soil can enhance plant growth and resistance to herbivory.MethodsFirst, we quantified the morphological performance of tomato plants grown in different coconut bran and bamboo charcoal (v/v) combinations and selected the most beneficial one. Then we checked the T. absoluta survival on the tomato plants grown in the selected bamboo charcoal combination. Finally, we studied the leaf metabolite accumulation and gene expression changes in tomato plants after growing in the selected bamboo charcoal combination.ResultsWe found that the 30:1 ratio of bamboo charcoal and coconut bran is the most beneficial to tomato growth as its amendment to soil increased tomato plant height, stem thickness, and chlorophyll content, whereas, the T. absoluta survival decreased. The metabolome profiles of BC tomato leaves showed an increased accumulation of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids compared to CK. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 244 differentially expressed genes. Most of the upregulated genes were associated with stress-related hub proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, MAPK and phytohormone signaling, and terpenoid biosynthesis. Additionally, the expression of many genes related to signaling and defense was changed in response to the bamboo charcoal amendment.DiscussionWe conclude that bamboo charcoal induces biosynthesis of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, which improve plant growth and tolerance against T. absoluta, thus reducing the survival of destructive pests.