bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressed primary‐to‐transmodal gradient is accompanied with subcortical alterations and linked to neurotransmitters and cellular signatures in major depressive disorder
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhao Lei , Zang Xuelian , Xue Shao‐Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been shown to involve widespread changes in low‐level sensorimotor and higher‐level cognitive functions. Recent research found that a primary‐to‐transmodal gradient could capture a cortical hierarchical organization ranging from perception and action to cognition in healthy subjects, but a prominent gradient dysfunction in MDD patients. However, whether and how this cortical gradient is linked to subcortical impairments and whether it is reflected in the microscale neurotransmitter systems and cell type‐specific transcriptional signatures remain largely unknown. Data were acquired from 323 MDD patients and 328 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls derived from the REST‐meta‐MDD project, and the human brain neurotransmitter systems density maps and gene expression data were drawn from two publicly available datasets. We investigated alterations of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient in MDD patients and their correlations with clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as their paralleled subcortical impairments. The correlations between MDD‐related gradient alterations and densities of the neurotransmitter systems and gene expression information were assessed, respectively. The results demonstrated that MDD patients had a compressed primary‐to‐transmodal gradient accompanied by paralleled alterations in subcortical regions including the caudate, amygdala, and thalamus. The case–control gradient differences were spatially correlated with the densities of the neurotransmitter systems including the serotonin and dopamine receptors, and meanwhile with gene expression enriched in astrocytes, excitatory and inhibitory neuronal cells. These findings mapped the paralleled subcortical impairments in cortical hierarchical organization and also helped us understand the possible molecular and cellular substrates of the co‐occurrence of high‐level cognitive impairments with low‐level sensorimotor abnormalities in MDD.
Women healthcare professionals' experiences and needs regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic from a gender perspective
Authors: Bahar‐Özvarış Şevkat , Yıldırımkaya Gökhan , Ağduk Meltem , Erdost Türküler 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccounting for 70% of healthcare workers worldwide, and 56% in Turkey, women continue to be the frontline fighters in the battle against the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their needs may be overlooked as a result of their growing responsibilities both in their professional and private lives. This descriptive study aimed at identifying the gendered needs and experiences of women healthcare workers in Turkey throughout the pandemic.MethodThis study consists of 1082 healthcare professionals' responses of various positions across several provinces and facilities, collected through a web‐based survey of 50 questions.ResultsAlmost all participants (94%) expressed feeling anxious over the pandemic regardless of their working units. Four out of ten (38%) respondents noted working for 41 h or more on average weekly, and most of the participants who worked for long hours were assigned in COVID‐19 units. Non‐clinical personnel reported less difficulty in work/life balance. 64% of the respondents reported not having gone through any training on COVID‐19, and eight out of ten (81%) said they had information needs. Research findings suggest that 92% of participants' needs remained unmet. While 74% of the respondents pointed out not having an income that is worthwhile, 72% referred to the need for psychosocial support, 58% need for support in domestic work and 37% support for child care as their primary needs.ConclusionResults of the research highlighted the gendered needs of women healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and disseminate protective and preventive health policies and practices through a gender responsive approach.
Seasonal variations and sources of the dew from stable isotopes in alpine meadows
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Fawei , Du Yangong , Cao Guangmin , Wang Bin , Guo Xiaowei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dew is closely related to the micro‐use water of plants and the large‐scale hydrological processes, its formation on grassland plays a vital role especially in maintaining the eco‐hydrological cycle. We used structural equation modelling to investigate how environmental factors would affect dew formation on alpine graminoid‐Kobresia meadow in northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The stable isotope information of dew, ambient vapour, soil water, plant water, creek water and precipitation were tracked to explore the source of dew, the dew transport route of the six dominant species by Mix SIAR model. Our results showed that the frequency of dew on the graminoid‐Kobresia meadow in 2020 and 2021 was 42.86% and 45.83%, respectively. Both atmospheric pressure (r = 0.4) and temperature (r = 0.382) showed significant positive effects dew formation while wind speed (r = −0.309) had a negative effect. The contribution rates of soil water, plant water and ambient water vapour to dew were 48.20 ± 5.46%, 38.30 ± 5.07%, and 13.50 ± 1.82%, respectively. The proportion of dew utilization in the dominant species had no significant species differences. Our results provided an improved understanding of dew formation based on isotope technology on alpine meadow in northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
A case of neuroendocrine tumor at the external urethral meatus after total cystectomy
Authors: Miki Koji , Fujita Kazutoshi , Kuwahara Ken , Adomi Shogo , Minami Takafumi , Nozawa Masahiro , Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Kojima Misa , Maenishi Osamu , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe histological types of urethral cancer are mainly squamous cell or transitional cell carcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumor is extremely a rare type of urethral cancer.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old man visited with an erythema at the external urethral meatus. After 3 months, a 1‐cm reddish solid tumor was found on the external urethral meatus. He had a history of bladder cancer (pTa with carcinoma in situ), including the prostatic urethra, and underwent radical cystectomy with urethrectomy and ileal conduit construction 11 years ago. After 3 months, a 1‐cm reddish solid tumor was found on the external urethral meatus. The pathological diagnosis was a neuroendocrine tumor. Partial penectomy was performed.ConclusionSmall cell neuroendocrine tumor could occur on urethral remnant after radical cystectomy with urethrectomy for urothelial cancer. Inspection of the penis and urethral meatus is important during regular follow‐up of patients after radical cystectomy.
Subchronic toxicity evaluation of Huobahuagen extract and plasma metabolic profiling analysis combined with conventional pathology methods
Authors: Long Chengyan , He Peilin , Tu Ruxia , Song Xiaoxian , Li Henghua , Huang Wentao , Liu Jianyi , Zhang Li , Guo Yanlei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuobahua, namely, Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch, known as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, especially its underground parts, has been widely developed into several Tripterygium agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. It has sparked wide public concern about its safety, such as multi‐organ toxicity. However, the toxic characteristics and damage mechanism of Huobahuagen extract (HBHGE) remain unclear. In the present study, subchronic oral toxicity study of HBHGE (10.0 g crude drug/kg/day for 12 weeks) was performed in male rats. Hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters, urinalysis, and plasma metabolic profiling were assessed. The single‐dose subchronic toxicity results related to HBHGE exhibited obvious toxicity to the testis and epididymis of male rats. Furthermore, plasma metabolomics analysis suggested that a series of metabolic disorders were induced by oral administration of HBHGE, mainly focusing on amino acid (glutamate, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) metabolisms, pyrimidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Moreover, it appeared that serum testosterone in male rats treated with HBHGE for 12 weeks, decreased significantly, and was susceptible to the toxic effects of HBHGE. Taken together, conventional pathology and plasma metabolomics for preliminarily exploring subchronic toxicity and underlying mechanism can provide useful information about the reduction of toxic risks from HBHGE and new insights into the development of detoxification preparations.
Supervisor versus self‐assessment of trainee competence: Differences across developmental stages and competency domains
Authors: Gonsalvez Craig J. , Riebel Tanya , Nolan Laura J. , Pohlman Sonja , Bartik Warren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed to systematically examine supervisor–trainee differences in assessments of trainee competencies across domains and developmental stages.MethodsTrainees and supervisors (N = 141 dyads) independently rated trainee performance at the end of placements using the Clinical Psychology Competencies Rating Scale. Based on the number of placement hours completed at the time competence was assessed, the 141 trainees were assigned to three developmental levels (61, 42, and 31 in the groups, respectively). Trajectories of 10 different competencies and trainee–supervisor differences for these competencies were examined across three developmental levels.ResultsCompared to their supervisor ratings, trainees underestimated their competence during early stages of training, with this discrepancy reducing at Level 2 and reversing into an overestimation at Level 3. Compared to their own ratings for overall competence, trainees rated Relational and Communication, Reflective Practice, and Professionalism domains as relative strengths, and rated their competence on assessment and intervention domains as relative weaknesses.ConclusionGrowth trajectories derived from supervisor assessments were much flatter than trajectories derived from trainee assessments. As predicted by the impostor theory of practitioner development, trainees significantly underestimated their competence early in training. The trend for trainees to overestimate their competence toward the end of their training is a potential concern that warrants further research.
Do physicians know when to refer patients for genetic testing?
Authors: Presutti R. John , Pujalte George G. A. , Woodruff Amelita , Agarwal Anjali , Robinson Chase N. , Reese Robyn L. , Helmi Haytham , Wight Jeff T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrimary care physicians (PCPs) are commonly approached with concerns involving patient genetics. This is a challenge because most PCPs lack expertise in genetic testing compared to their genetic counselor counterparts. Currently, the recommended best practice is to refer patients for genetic testing based on cancer‐related family history questionnaires with a genetic counseling referral to discuss their results and any implications. However, the extent to which PCPs are using these questionnaires for this purpose remains poorly understood. In this cross‐sectional study, PCPs were presented with the American Cancer Society's seven recommended family history questions to determine the percentage who consider each to be an indicator for referral to a genetics specialist. Questionnaires were completed by 88 of 260 attending PCPs at a national primary care review conference. The main outcome was the percentage of PCPs who identified each question as a trigger for genetic testing. Secondary outcomes included correlations with years of practice, genetics training, and methods used to obtain patient family history. Only two of the seven questions were considered triggers by most PCPs (range, 76–83%). The remaining five had lower percentages (range, 22–55%). Years of practice did not influence the number of triggers identified (Spearman correlation coefficient test: r = 0.05, p = 0.68). Few PCPs (3.4%) felt they had good to excellent genetics training during residency. Only 44.3% had genetics specialists available for referral. Overall, low percentages of PCPs consider the American Cancer Society questions to be triggers for genetic testing referrals. Furthermore, many do not have a genetics specialist or counselor available for referral. Addressing these concerns may help PCPs understand the basics of genetic testing and use standardized questionnaires to make appropriate referrals to genetic specialists, thereby reducing inappropriate referrals and improving appointment access to this precious resource for those who truly need it.
Variability and changes of the height and duration of snow cover on the Gąsienicowa Glade (Tatras)
Authors: Kędzia Stanisław , Chrustek Paweł , Kubacka Danuta , Pyrc Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe oldest meteorological station in the Polish Tatra Mountains is that on the Gąsienicowa Glade (1520 m). In this study, two series of observations for the years 1927–1938 and 1947–2020 are presented for the number of days with snow cover higher than 1 cm (SCD—from 142 to 228 days), maximum snow depth (HSmax—from 43 to 271 cm) and average snow depth (HSmean—from 10 to 93 cm). For the remaining meteorological parameters discussed in this article, the observation series is slightly shorter. From 1927 to 2020, the number of days with snow cover show downward trends (SCD—from nearly 200 days in 1927/1928 to about 175 days in 2019/2020). The decrease in the values of SCD discussed is due to an increase in air temperature and an upward trend in the percentage of the number days with rain over the number of days with snowfall. The increase in mean air temperature started in the 1980s. The strongest temperature trends were recorded in spring (TG in June—from 8.2°C in 1927 to 10.0°C in 2020) and in summer (TG in August—from 9.7°C in 1927 to 12.0°C in 2020). The last two decades, in particular, are exceptional for the Tatra Mountains, both in terms of air temperature, days with snow cover, maximum and mean snow depth. Since the beginning of observations in the Gąsienicowa Glade, no such strong decade‐long increases in temperature and decreases in the number of days with snow cover and in maximum and mean snow depth have been recorded. The observed trends in days with snow cover and maximum and mean snow depth in the Tatras are similar to those observed in studies conducted in the Alps.
A retrospective study investigating the management, risk factors, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Vongphakdi Mitt M. , Ah Yui Nicholas , OCallaghan Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia has increased by more than 8% between 2016–2018. This can be attributed to multiple factors including an ageing population, widespread antibiotic and proton‐pump‐inhibitor usage.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the management, risk factors and outcomes for CDI to identify strategies to reduce its incidence.MethodA single‐centre retrospective audit was completed using medical records for patients admitted to a 250‐bed regional Queensland hospital with CDI in 2020–2021. Data surrounding CDI management for each patient was analysed against the Therapeutic Guidelines. This study was approved by The Prince Charles Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference No: LNR/HREC/QPCH/81287).ResultsThere were 72 cases with CDI during the study timeframe. Recent antibiotic prescription, proton‐pump‐inhibitor (PPI) use and antibiotic allergy labels were common. Thirty‐five per cent of cases were treated appropriately. Eight per cent died, and nine per cent had relapsed CDI within 12 weeks of diagnosis. Common gaps found in the results included inappropriate selection of antibiotics based on the severity of disease and lack of documentation surrounding CDI cases left untreated.ConclusionThere are multiple opportunities for pharmacists to improve the care of patients with CDI which range from promoting guideline adherence, influencing prescriber antibiotic selection based on disease severity, prompting review of PPIs upon CDI diagnosis and prompting provider follow‐up of CDI laboratory results pending at the point of patient discharge. The results of this study have prompted antimicrobial stewardship service review of all CDI admissions at the study site and indicates the need for a larger multiple‐site study to raise awareness of CDI risk factors and severity criteria.
Is it a disaster once the celebrity endorser for a tourist destination is involved in a controversial scandal? Testing the concept of image‐to‐image influence
Authors: Yang Ting , Tam Chi Man , Lai Ivan Ka Wai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to (1) examine whether scandals about the endorsers affect their image (in terms of believability and attractiveness) and (2) compare any difference in the destination image (in terms of cognitive, affective, and conative images) between destinations where their endorsers have and do not have scandals. The research results indicate that having scandals negatively affects endorsers' believability and attractiveness, believability positively affects affective destination image, and attractiveness positively affects cognitive destination image. This study generalizes the concept of image‐to‐image association and provides a research framework to evaluate how endorser image influences destination image in a negative context.
Neferine inhibits the development of lung cancer cells by downregulating TGF‐β to regulate MST1/ROS‐induced pyroptosis
Authors: Zhong Peng‐Cheng , Liu Zhi‐Wen , Xing Qi‐Chang , Chen Jia , Yang Rui‐Pei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases. Neferine is used as a traditional Chinese medicine with many pharmacological effects, including antitumor properties; however, it has not been reported whether neferine plays an anticancer role by causing pyroptosis in NSCLC cells. We used two typical lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299, and 42 lung cancer tissue samples to investigate the regulatory effects of neferine on TGF‐β and MST1. We also treated lung cancer cells with different concentrations of neferine to study its effects on lung cancer cell survival, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as on pyroptosis. Lentivirus‐mediated gain‐of‐function studies of TGF‐β and MST1 were applied to validate the roles of TGF‐β and MST1 in lung cancer. Next, we used murine transplanted tumor models to evaluate the effect of neferine treatment on the metastatic capacity of lung cancer tissues. With increasing neferine concentration, the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT capacity of A549 and H1299 cells decreased, whereas pyroptosis increased. Neferine repressed TGF‐β expression to modulate the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MST1. Overexpression of TGF‐β in either in vitro or mouse‐transplanted A549 cells restored the inhibitory effect of neferine on tumor development. Overexpression of MST1 clearly enhanced pyroptosis. Neferine contributed to pyroptosis by regulating MST1 expression through downregulation of TGF‐β to induce ROS formation. Therefore, our study shows that neferine can serve as an adjuvant therapy for NSCLC patients.
Teledelivery of Aural Rehabilitation to Improve Cochlear Implant Outcomes
Authors: Brewer Diane Majerus , Bernstein Claire Marcus , Calandrillo Dominique , Muscato Nancy , Introcaso Kailey , Bosworth Cassandra , Olson Anne , Vovos Rachel , Stillitano Gina , Sydlowski Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Objective(s)This randomized controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a Telehealth Aural Rehabilitation (TeleAR) training protocol to improve outcomes for adult cochlear implant (CI) users.MethodsThis was a multisite clinical study with participants randomized to either an AR treatment or active control group. The AR protocol consisted of auditory training (words, sentences, and speech tracking), informational counseling, and communication strategies. The control group participants engaged in cognitive stimulation activities (crosswords, sudoku, etc.). Each group completed 6 weekly 90‐min individual treatment sessions delivered remotely. Twenty postlingually deafened adult CI users participated. Assessments were completed pretreatment and 1 week and 2 months posttreatment.ResultsRepeated‐measures ANOVA and planned contrasts were used to compare group performance on AzBio Sentences, Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI), Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI), and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). The two groups were statistically equivalent on all outcome measures at pre‐assessment. There was a statistically significant main effect of time for all measures. Improvement over time was observed for participants in both groups, with greater improvement seen for the AR than the CT group on all outcome measures. The AR group showed medium to large effect sizes on all measures over time, suggesting clinically significant outcomes.ConclusionThis randomized controlled study provides evidence of improved speech recognition and psychosocial outcomes following 6 weeks of TeleAR intervention. For adult post‐lingually deafened CI users, including those >3 months post‐activation, AR treatment can leverage neuroplasticity to maximize outcomes.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:1861–1867, 2024
A computable biomedical knowledge object for calculating in‐hospital mortality for patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sadsad Rosemarie , Ruber Gema , Zhou Johnson , Nicklin Steven , Tsafnat Guy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionQuality indicators play an essential role in a learning health system. They help healthcare providers to monitor the quality and safety of care delivered and to identify areas for improvement. Clinical quality indicators, therefore, need to be based on real world data. Generating reliable and actionable data routinely is challenging. Healthcare data are often stored in different formats and use different terminologies and coding systems, making it difficult to generate and compare indicator reports from different sources.MethodsThe Observational Health Sciences and Informatics community maintains the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP). This is an open data standard providing a computable and interoperable format for real world data. We implemented a Computable Biomedical Knowledge Object (CBK) in the Piano Platform based on OMOP. The CBK calculates an inpatient quality indicator and was illustrated using synthetic electronic health record (EHR) data in the open OMOP standard.ResultsThe CBK reported the in‐hospital mortality of patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for the synthetic EHR dataset and includes interactive visualizations and the results of calculations. Value sets composed of OMOP concept codes for AMI and comorbidities used in the indicator calculation were also created.ConclusionComputable biomedical knowledge (CBK) objects that operate on OMOP data can be reused across datasets that conform to OMOP. With OMOP being a widely used interoperability standard, quality indicators embedded in CBKs can accelerate the generation of evidence for targeted quality and safety management, improving care to benefit larger populations.