bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of 17 novel polynucleotide microsatellite markers in Ocypode stimpsoni (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Song Ha Yeun , Choi Young Ji , Lee Dea-Sung , Choi Hyun Ki , Choi Kyung Min , Yu Kang-Yeol , Lee Seungki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective The ghost crab Ocypode stimpsoni (Decapoda) is considered a protected marine species in Korea because of its decreasing population size. In this study, we identified 17 microsatellite markers for O. stimpsoni using next-generation sequencing.Results Of the 63 loci screened, 26 were successfully amplified among 100 individuals. Seventeen loci, including 4 tri-nucleotide and 13 tetra-nucleotide repeats, displayed 4–26 alleles per locus (average = 14.1) among 100 samples from three populations of O. stimpsoni. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.616 and 0.935, respectively. These 17 newly identified polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for studying the genetic structure and diversity of this protected marine species and will help facilitate effective strategies for its conservation.
What does e-invoice data bring to SNA and Real-Time Economy?
Authors: Akagi Kaya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Governments are exploring the use of big data to improve economic statistics. Big data is characterized by its large volume, high velocity, and variety of information. In the statistical context, accounting data, particularly e-invoice data, has garnered attention due to its volume and variety.E-invoice data is being digitized in Europe to detect VAT fraud, but it also contains almost all the information on economic entities that make up the SNA.By utilizing accounting data, governments can better understand economic indicators at the firm level.Additionally, the Real-Time Economy is attracting attention worldwide for its ability to speed up statistics and provide real-time updates using frequently updated information like e-invoice data. However, no established method for estimating the SNA with e-invoice data exists. This study explores the benefits of using e-invoice data for economic statistics, especially for Input-Output Tables, and the feasibility and the obstacles associated with using e-invoice data. The advantages of e-invoicing data include the improvement of the granularity of statistical information and the frequency of updating. We also discuss the possibility of understanding inter-industry relations as a logistics network beyond the framework of the existing tables. On the other hand, to use invoice data, it is necessary to design a legal and information system for e-invoice data. As for these institutional and system issues, we compare the situation in Japan and advanced e-Government countries such as Estonia. In addition, there are some problems with the invoice data in estimating the Input-Output Tables, such as the inability to grasp transaction relationships and margins within the same company. This paper pointed up these problems and their solutions.
Construction of a core competency evaluation index system for nurses specializing in chronic kidney disease management in China: a Delphi study
Authors: Huang Xia , Shi Yu , Peng HongMei , Pu Shi , Huang JianFang , Liu Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: CKD management nurse specialists can effectively delay the progression of CKD by starting from changing patients' lifestyles and improving their self-management ability. Chronic kidney disease management requires more comprehensive theoretical knowledge as well as skills, and therefore there is an urgent need to train a group of multi-skilled specialist nurses. However, there are few specific indicators that can be used to assess the core competencies of these specialist nurses. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management specialist nurses through the Delphi expert consultation method.
Methods: This study initially constructed a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management nurse specialists through literature review and semi-structured interviews. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted with 24 experts in different fields from 13 regions of China, including specialist nurses, nursing managers, nursing educators, and clinicians. They rated each item on a Likert scale and suggested modifications. Based on the recommendations of the two rounds of expert consultation and the group discussion, the final evaluation index system was formed.
Results: After two rounds of expert consultation, the final evaluation index system of core competence was formed, including three first-level items: professional theoretical knowledge; Clinical practice skills; Professional development competencies,and 16 Level 2 items, corresponding to 64 detailed level items.
Conclusions: The establishment of a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management specialist nurses provides a basis for the selection, training, and assessment of specialist nurses. The evaluation index system is comprehensive, reflects the characteristics of the speciality, and provides job descriptions based on core competencies, which can promote the development of chronic kidney disease management.
Enhancing Spectrum Sensing Performance in Low SNR Environments for CRN using Entropy-Based Approach
Authors: Usman Mustefa Badri , Ware Eshetu Tessema , Singh Ram Sewak , Hunde Megersa Lamesa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of wireless communication resources, namely energy and spectrum, has significantly expanded recently. In order to mitigate incongruity ideas of spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilization, the Cognitive radio (CR) technology considered as an optimistic solution. In Cognitive radio network (CRN), spectrum detection is a critical step in identifying the spectrum gaps or spectrum holes. To detect whether primary user is present or not, many spectrum detection methods like Energy detection (ED), Entropy detection, Matched filter and Cyclostationary detection have been developed. Among those, Energy detection (ED) has public the most observance from researchers due to its fast sensing time, simplicity on implementation and low computational complexity. Nevertheless, due to noise uncertainty problem, the performance of conventional detector is very low at low SNR. In this article, three-stage spectrum sensing technique is proposed to get better performance of single stage and two-stage spectrum sensing techniques and also to overcome the problem occurred due to uncertainty of noise at low SNR values. Furthermore, the performance comparison among three stages, two stage and single stage spectrum sensing techniques are performed over fading channel. The proposed three-stage detection technique has an about 1 dB and 2.5 dB performance improvement as compared to two-stage ED + Renyi Entropy (RE) and two-stage ED + Kapurs Entropy (KE) respectively. The cooperative three-stage detection technique using OR rule has an about 4 dB and 5 dB performance improvement as compared to single node and AND rule cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) technique respectively at number of user (NU) = 5.
The effectiveness of three Glomus species (G. mosseae, G. intraradices, and G. etunicatum) in the biocontrol of the root and crown rot pathogens Fusarium solani and mixed Fusarium in pepper plants
Authors: Bilgili Ayşin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, the effectiveness of naturally derived arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) species, including Glomus mosseae (GM), G. intraradices (GI), and G. etunicatum (GE), and a mycorrhizal mix (MM) comprising these three species was tested on pepper plants inoculated with two isolates of Fusarium solani (48-F. solani and 18-F. solani) and two isolates of mixed Fusarium (50-F. mixture and 147-F. mixture). ANOVA and Tukey’s test revealed that the effects of AMF inoculations on morphological parameters, disease severity, root colonization, and total spore numbers in pathogen-infected plants varied significantly depending on the AMF species and pathogen group. AMF colonization significantly reduced disease severity, with disease inhibition (DI) reaching up to 58%, depending on the specific pathogen. However, there were a few instances where AMF application did not lead to a reduction in disease severity. Single AMF species were more effective in enhancing the growth of pathogen-treated host plants and suppressing disease compared to mixed AMFs. The mixed AMFs were more effective only in balancing pathogen-induced decreases in plant nutrients (Cu, Mg, Zn, P). Among the compared mycorrhizae, G. etunicatum (GE) was the most effective in disease suppression due to its more positive effects on plant root structure. Root colonization rates were generally higher in plants treated with both mycorrhiza and pathogens than in plants treated with mycorrhiza alone. Overall, the curative effects of AMFs on plants following pathogen application varied concurrently with disease severity rates caused primarily by pathogens. AMFs demonstrated greater efficacy in combating 18-F. solani, which causes less severe plant disease. However, the effectiveness of AMFs was lower against 48-F. solani and 147-F. mix., which cause more severe plant disease. This indicates that the efficacy of AMFs varies depending on the specific strain of Fusarium solani, with better results observed against strains that cause less severe plant disease.
Modelling of Transient Ground Potential Rise Due to Vacuum Circuit Breaker Switching in Steel Melting Plants
Authors: Eghtedarpour Navid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Vacuum circuit breakers (VCB) are now widely used for switching of electric arc furnaces. However, the associated switching transients have raised many concerns and have led to failures in industrial power systems. High frequency current and voltage transients result due to prestrike phenomena during the VCB energization. This paper presents a detailed switching case study of an arc furnace VCB in a steel melting plant. The VCB prestrike phenamenon is simulated and studied using the electromagnetic transient programme. The simulation model is verified by on- site measurements. The ground potential rise during the switching process is thoroughly investigated in order to analyse the practical methods to mitigate the switching transients. Additionally, some practical aspects of physical design and installation are discussed.
Thermomechanical Effect on the Propetties of Stainless Steels Using Rotative Friction: an Experimental Study on 304l and 316l Grades
Authors: Arzour Fatima Zohra , Amara Mouna , Suleiman Rami K. , meliani mohammed hadj 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to analyze structural hardening by direct friction welding on two austenitic materials of the AISI 304L and AISI 316L series, that were welded separately (similar welding) followed by a combined (mixed) welding. The friction welding parameters such as rotation speed, applied pressure (friction and forging), and holding time were carefully selected and optimized. Forty welding operations and thirty post-welding nominal tensile tests were performed, with the sole purpose of obtaining the rational curves. To achieve this objective, the results of the tensile tests were collected and analyzed. The rational curves allowed us to proceed by classical analytical modeling to quantify the effect of welding on the work-hardening behavior of the two stainless steel samples. The microstructure of each welded joint condition was analyzed and compared to each other.
The Role of FEV1/FVC in the Prediction of Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Jang Jong Geol , Kim Youlim , Shin Sun Hye , Min Kyung Hoon , Jung Ki Suck , Kim Yu-il , Park Shinhee , Na Joo Ock , Lee Hyun , Yoo Kwang Ha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:Whether the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) can be used as a spirometric biomarker to predict future risks of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is unknown. This study evaluated whether reduced FEV1/FVC is associated with an increased risk of AECOPD and whether that risk is further increased when both FEV1/FVC and the percentage of predicted FEV1(FEV1%pred) are decreased.Methods:Data from a prospective observational and multicenter cohort study of 2,043 patients in Korea with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were analyzed. The exposures were post-bronchodilator (BD) FEV1/FVC and/or FEV1%pred. The main outcome was AECOPD during the first year of follow-up.Results:The incidence rate of AECOPD increased as post-BD FEV1/FVC decreased (P < 0.001). Post-BD FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred had similar predictive powers for AECOPD, with optimal predictive cut-offs of approximately 0.5 for post-BD FEV1/FVC and 50%pred for FEV1. When the participants were classified into groups based on these cut-off values, compared with a high both-lung function group (post-BD FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.5 and FEV1≥ 50%pred), the low-FEV1group (post-BD FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.5 and FEV1< 50%pred) had a modestly increased risk of severe AECOPD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59–6.16), while the risk of severe AECOPD was the highest in the low both-lung function group (aHR = 5.16, 95% CI = 3.34–7.97) (FEV1< 50%pred and post-BD FEV1/FVC < 0.5).Conclusion:Post-BD FEV1/FVC is a spirometric biomarker predictive of AECOPD. In countries where accurate FEV1%pred is not available for their population, post-BD FEV1/FVC could be used as an alternative biomarker to assess the future risk of AECOPD. In countries where accurate FEV1%pred is available, both FEV1%pred and post-BD FEV1/FVC could be used to provide additional information for assessments of the future risk of AECOPD.
Using 16S rDNA and Metagenomic Sequencing Technology to Analyze the Fecal Microbiome of Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Ye Qina , Sun Shaodan , Deng Jian , Chen Xiaogang , Zhang Jing , Lin Suihua , Du Hongxuan , Gao Jinxiong , Zou Xiaoyin , Lin Xiaoling , Cai Yawen , Lu Zhuoming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the gut microbiota distribution and its functions in children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
Methods
A total of 135 children were enrolled in the study, including 102 children with ARFID and 33 healthy children. Fecal samples were analyzed to explore differences in gut microbiota composition and diversity and functional differences between the ARFID and healthy control (HC) groups via 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing.
Results
The gut microbiota composition and diversity in children with ARFID were different from those in heathy children, but there was no difference among children with ARFID aged 3–12 years. At the phylum level, the most abundant microbes in the two groups identified by 16SrDNA and metagenomic sequencing were the same. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides was higher in the ARFID group (P > 0.05); however, different from the result of 16SrDNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing showed that the proportion of Bacteroides in the ARFID group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P = 0.041). At the species level, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lachnospira eligens were the most abundant taxa in the ARFID group, and Prevotella copri, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Ruminococcus gnavus were the top three microbial taxa in the HC group; there were no statistically significant differences between the proportions of these microbial taxa in the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices between the Y1 and Y2 groups (P = 0.1, P = 0.06, P = 0.06). At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were the most abundant taxa in both groups, but there were no statistically significant differences among the proportions of these bacteria (P = 0.958, P = 0.456, P = 0.473, P = 0.065). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium was more abundant in the Y2 group than in the Y1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.037). The KEGG annotation results showed no significant difference in gut microbiota function between children with ARFID and healthy children; however, GT26 was significantly enriched in children with ARFID based on the CAZy database. The most abundant antibiotic resistance genes in the ARFID group were the vanT, tetQ, adeF, ermF genes, and the abundance of macrolide resistance genes in the ARFID group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P = 0.041).
Conclusions
Compared with healthy children, children with ARFID have a different distribution of the gut microbiota and functional genes. This indicates that the gut microbiome might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ARFID.
Clinical trial registration:
ChiCTR2300074759
The formation mechanism of discontinuously segmented chip in high-speed cutting of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Ye Guigen , Li Xinjian , Zhang Peng , Xue Shifeng , Zhang Yi , Huang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chip transition from continuously serrated to discontinuously segmented is one of the most fundamental and challenging problems in metal cutting. In this work, a reliable finite element model for high speed cutting of Ti-6Al-4V was developed based on the high speed cutting experiments. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive parameters of the Ti-6Al-4V were optimized using the response surface method (RSM) and multi-objective genetic algorithm to accurately describe the plastic behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in high speed cutting. With using the optimized constitutive parameters, the simulated chip morphologies and cutting forces match well with the experimental results in a wide range of cutting speed from 0.05 m/s to 86.5 m/s. The formation mechanism of the discontinuously segmented chip was further studied based on the validated finite element model. The results reveal that three distinct cracks form successively in the segmented chip formation process: the crack I forms at chip root, the cracks II and III initiate at the primary shear zone center and chip free surface respectively and propagate along the direction of maximum stress triaxiality to seperate the chip and workpiece. The crack I, which forms at the chip root due to the maturely evolved shear banding, is the key reason for the transition of chip formation from continuously serrated to discontinuously segmented.
Temporality of environmental policy and its effects on the location and abatement decision
Authors: RIVERA FELIPE , LÓPEZ KATHERIN , ZAMORANO JORGE 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This research analyzes the effects of the temporality of environmental policy on firm location and abatement decisions. Environmental policies are implemented by a benevolent regulator who is concerned about the welfare of society and environmental pollution. For this reason, it implements two instruments at the same time: the tax on emissions, which seeks to internalize environmental costs, and the subsidy to clean technologies, which encourages their adoption. In addition, the optimal levels of taxes and subsidies that maximize social welfare are studied, considering the impact of the timing of the decision (ex ante or ex post) on the competitiveness of the market. As for its resolution, a model of duopolistic firms competing in quantities in an emission-intensive sector is used. Among the main results, it is shown that in an ex post regime, firms prefer to locate in the country that offers a higher subsidy, even when they face higher tax levels compared to the ex ante regime.
Shear wave splitting and seismic velocity structure in the focal area of the earthquake swarm and their relation with earthquake swarm activity in the Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Okada Tomomi , Savage Martha K. , Sakai Shin'ichi , Yoshida Keisuke , Uchida Naoki , Takagi Ryota , Kimura Shuutoku , Hirahara Satoshi , Tagami Ayaka , Fujimura Ryotaro , Matsuzawa Toru , Kurashimo Eiji , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Seismic activity in the Noto region of Ishikawa Prefecture, central Japan, has increased since August 2020 and has continued as of August 2023. Stress changes due to subsurface sources and increases in fluid pressure are discussed as the causes of the seismic activity increase. In this study, S-wave polarization anisotropy was investigated by S-wave splitting analysis using temporary and permanent stations located in the epicenter area. We also investigated the seismic wave velocity structure in the source region by analyzing seismic wave velocity tomography. The directions of anisotropy were generally NW-SE in the southern part of the focal area and east-west in the northern part. The NW-SE anisotropy generally coincides with the direction of the maximum horizontal compression axis. Therefore, stress-induced anisotropy can be the cause of the observed NW-SE anisotropy. On the other hand, faults with strike directions generally east-west have been identified, and structural anisotropy may be the cause of the observed east-west anisotropy. We examined the time variation of anisotropy at N.SUZH, one of the permanent stations. No significant time variation was observed in the direction of anisotropy. Larger anisotropy was observed, particularly for the activity in the western part of the focal area, from about June-September 2021 compared to the period up to the period. A high Vp/Vs region was identified beneath the focal area, at a depth of 18 km. This high Vp/Vs region has slightly larger P-wave velocities than the surrounding area. Since Tertiary igneous rocks are distributed in the target area, the high Vp/Vs region may represent a magma reservoir, suggesting that fluids released from the magma reservoir are involved in this seismic swarm. This seismic activity started in the southern part of the area where relatively immature fault structure development, stress anisotropy is distributed, and high Vp/Vs regions suggestive of fluid at depth are identified. Subsequently, activity became more active in the northern part, where structural anisotropy with well-developed fault structures is distributed.
Firstborns Versus Later-borns: Same Resources, Different Outcomes. An Extension of Resources Dilution Theory
Authors: Lwiza Samwel Saimon , Jaah Mkupete , Sharma Vipin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Resources Dilution theory predicts a trade-off between quantity and quality of children in the household. According to the theory, eldest kids would achieve higher educational outcomes than later-born siblings because of more resources allocated to them. In this paper, we attempted to examine whether the theory holds even when household resources are evenly distributed to both siblings. By using the dataset of the Young Lives School Survey in Ethiopia conducted respectively in 2012/13 and 2016/17, we found that, while firstborns shown to be 3% more efficient, second and third-borns were significantly 1% more efficient than later-born siblings. We suggest that even if household resources are evenly distributed, elder kids would attain higher educational outcome than later-born children. This study underlines the importance of birth order on opportunities and inequalities among siblings, which may guide policymakers on designing appropriate maternity leave, school funding, and human capital improvement policies that would support later-borns.
Different methods for resolving overlapping UV spectra of combination medicinal dose forms of Hydroxychloroquine and Paracetamol
Authors: Elbaramawi Samar S. , El-Adl Sobhy M. , Nafea Alaa , Mattar Amr A. , Sebaiy Mahmoud M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.