bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein supplementation in critical illness: why, when and how?
Authors: Bels Julia L.M. , Ali Abdelhamid Yasmine , van de Poll Marcel C.G. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
In critically ill patients, optimal protein provision remains a challenge given the wide range in recommended protein delivery in international guidelines and the lack of robust, high quality evidence. As patients are confronted with poor functional outcomes after admission, often attributed to muscle wasting and persisting for multiple years, there is a pressing need for optimal nutritional strategies in the ICU, particularly including protein. This review will discuss the recent literature with regard to purpose, timing and mode of protein delivery.

Recent findings
Recent studies on the effect of dose and timing of protein on clinical and functional outcomes are largely observational in nature and the protein delivery considered as “high” still often only nears the lower end of current recommendations. The majority of trials observed no effect of protein supplementation on mortality, muscle strength or function, though some report attenuation of muscle volume loss, especially when combined with muscle activation. There is no strong evidence that ICU patients should receive supplementation with any specific amino acids.

Summary
Though adequate protein provision is likely important, it is difficult to come to a uniform conclusion regarding dosing and timing due to conflicting results in mostly observational studies as well as different cut-off values for high, moderate and low protein intake. This topic is currently subject to large clinical trials.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus hepatitis B infection
Authors: Lee Jungnam , Chang Jong-In , Jin Young-Joo , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Kim Ju Yeon , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kim Soon Sun , Lee Hyun Woong , Yoo Sun Hong , Yu Jung Hwan , Lee Jin-Woo 
Published: February 2023

Background and aims
This study aimed to compare the long-term cumulative recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and prognosis after curative resection for HCC in noncirrhotic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) versus hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 791 patients without recurrence within 1 year after curative resection for HCC from January 2005 to December 2015. Of these, 63 and 728 were NAFLD and HBV patients without cirrhosis, respectively.

Results
Recurrence of HCC was observed in 6 (9.5%) and 210 (28.8%) patients in the NAFLD and HBV groups, respectively, during median follow-ups of 69.9 and 85.2 months. Cumulative recurrence rates in the NAFLD group at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years (3.6, 9.4, 12.4, 12.4 and 12.4%, respectively) were significantly lower than in the HBV group (1.7, 16.9, 27.2, 37.1 and 44.4%, respectively) (P = 0.008). Cumulative overall survival (OS) rates in the NAFLD group at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years (98.2, 96.0, 84.0, 84.0 and 84.0 %, respectively) were significantly lower than in the HBV group (99.3, 98.4, 97.3, 95.7 and 93.6%, respectively) (P = 0.003). HBV infection, with or without fatty liver compared to NAFLD, were significant predictors for the recurrence of HCC (P < 0.05 for all) and OS (P < 0.05 for all), respectively.

Conclusions
Noncirrhotic NAFLD patients showed lower recurrence rates of HCC but poorer survival outcomes than noncirrhotic HBV patients with or without fatty liver. The recurrence risk of HCC remains even in noncirrhotic NAFLD patients.
Peristomal recurrence following primary total laryngectomy: the enigma of the central compartment neck lymph nodes
Authors: Bradley Patrick J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The practice of primary total laryngectomy (TL) for advanced laryngo-hypopharyngeal cancer has significantly declined in the developed countries. The treatment options most frequently adopted have changed from open surgery to transoral laser or robotic approaches or nonsurgical (bio-chemo-) radiotherapy. Primary TL remains the treatment of choice in the developing world where healthcare resources are limited, especially for the treatment of cancer.

Recent findings
Peristomal recurrence (PSR) is quite a serious complication, with an incidence of 6.6% from the published literature (mainly concerning the developed world), most diagnosed within 2 years, and associated with >80% mortality. The major risk factors include pretreatment tracheostomy, specific primary tumor subsites, positive surgical margins, and presence of nodal metastasis. The treatment options are limited and most success has been observed with surgery, especially when PSR is diagnosed at an early-stage, which is uncommon. Treatment of advanced-stage disease is usually palliative. Reduction and/or prevention of the known risk factors for PSR remain the goal when performing TL. In particular, central compartment (para- and pretracheal) lymph nodes dissection in case of large tumors with extra-laryngeal and/or subglottic extension or pretreatment tracheotomy plays a paramount role in PSR prevention.

Summary
Research is required to conclude the formulation of guidelines for proper dissection of the central compartment (level VI) lymph nodes as indicated either prophylactically or therapeutically during TL for preventing PSR.
What is appropriate management for the contralateral uninvolved side in unilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Bitner Benjamin F. , St. John Maie A. , Kennedy David W. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding development of new or recurrent inflammation of uninvolved contralateral sinuses in unilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and discuss management strategies.

Recent findings
AFRS is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) that can manifest as either unilateral or bilateral disease. Particular to AFRS compared with other CRSwNP subtypes is the high propensity for recurrence. Multiple recent studies have evaluated the recurrence rate of uninvolved contralateral sinuses in unilateral AFRS and demonstrated eventual involvement of the nondiseased side. Additionally, postoperative medical therapy of the nondiseased side reduced recurrence rates overall.

Summary
Recurrence of AFRS is high in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sinuses. Upfront bilateral medical and/or surgical treatment of patients presenting with unilateral AFRS may be considered to improve long-term inflammatory control.
Systematic Review of Diagnostic Delay for Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Vernon‐Roberts Angharad , Aluzaite Kristina , Khalilipour Bahareh , Day Andrew S. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex inflammatory condition of the gut. Diagnosing IBD involves distinct longitudinal periods from first symptoms to primary care assessment, tertiary care referral, and then endoscopic confirmation. The term diagnostic delay (DD) is used if these periods are prolonged. The aim of this review was to amalgamate DD data for children with IBD, and identify factors associated with prolonged DD.Methods:Six health literature databases were searched (December 2020). Inclusion criteria for papers were children diagnosed with IBD before the age of 18 years, DD central tendency data, and to report a central tendency of their DD data, cohort >10 children. For analysis, all data were weighted by cohort sample size.Results:Searches identified 236 papers, and 26 were included in the final analysis with a pooled cohort of 7030 children. The overall DD periods were IBD 4.5 months [Interquartile range (IQR) 3.6–8.7 months], Crohn disease (CD) 5 months (IQR 4–7.2 months), and ulcerative colitis/indeterminate colitis/IBD‐unclassified (UC/IC/IBDU) 3 months (IQR 2.2–4.9 months). The difference between subtypes was significant (P < 0.001), with shorter DD for UC/IC/IBDU than CD (P < 0.001) and IBD (P < 0.001). DD periods were longer for CD than IBD (P < 0.001). DD decreased over time for IBD (P < 0.001) and UC (P < 0.001) but the trend suggested an increase for CD (P 0.069).Conclusions:This data can be used to benchmark DD for children with IBD. Individual centers could determine whether improvements to awareness or infrastructure may reduce DD in order to minimize the risk of poor outcomes.
Untargeted, High‐Resolution Metabolomics in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Sinclair Elizabeth M. , Cohen Catherine C. , Tran ViLinh , Jones Dean P. , Alvarez Jessica A. , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Rad Milad Ghiasi , Kruszewski Patrice G. , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: February 2023

Background/Objectives:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of unclear etiology. The aim of this study was to use untargeted plasma metabolomics to identify metabolic pathway alterations associated with EoE to better understand the pathophysiology.Methods:This prospective, case‐control study included 72 children, aged 1–17 years, undergoing clinically indicated upper endoscopy (14 diagnosed with EoE and 58 controls). Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for metabolomics by high‐resolution dual‐chromatography mass spectrometry. Analysis was performed on sex‐matched groups at a 2:1 ratio. Significant differences among the plasma metabolite features between children with and without EoE were determined using multivariate regression analysis and were annotated with a network‐based algorithm. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis was performed.Results:Patients with EoE had a higher proportion of atopic disease (85.7% vs 50%, P = 0.019) and any allergies (100% vs 57.1%, P = 0.0005). Analysis of the dual chromatography features resulted in a total of 918 metabolites that differentiated EoE and controls. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly enriched with the greatest number of differentiating metabolites and overall pathway enrichment (P < 0.01). Multiple amino and fatty acid pathways including linoleic acid were also enriched, as well as pyridoxine metabolism (P < 0.01).Conclusions:In this pilot study, we found differences in metabolites involved in glycerophospholipid and inflammation pathways in pediatric patients with EoE using untargeted metabolomics, as well as overlap with amino acid metabolome alterations found in atopic disease.
Factors Affecting Delayed Gastric Emptying and Long-Term Outcomes of Children With Gastric Emptying
Authors: Roberts Christopher , Hussein Maryam , Poole Esme , Kolimarala Vinod , Erlewyn-Lajeunesse Mich , Beattie R. Mark , Sundrum Francis , Afzal Nadeem 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Our study attempted to identify what factors best predict for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and whether children respond to treatment.

Methods:
Children aged between 0 and 18 were included who had a gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) study performed between 2009 and 2018. Baseline clinical details were recorded from clinic visit records regarding symptoms, medication, and past medical history. Results were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis and coefficient analysis. Children were followed up at 2 years to assess their symptoms and medication usage.

Results:
Two hundred and eighty-five children were included in the study of which 174 demonstrated DGE. All children had symptoms prior to GES, the most common symptom being that of vomiting and reflux symptoms which were present in over 90% of patients; other common symptoms like abdominal pain and nausea were seen commonly in around 30%. A genetic disorder and prior surgery were more common in children with DGE but there was no difference in presenting symptoms between normal and DGE groups. Regression analysis showed prior surgery and particularly prior abdominal surgery predicted for DGE and additionally predicted for those with highly DGE. Improvement in symptoms and reduction in medication usage was seen after 2 years.

Conclusions:
This study provides one of the largest data sets looking at DGE in children. Prior surgery was found to be a key factor in predicting for highly DGE. Symptoms and medication usage did significantly reduce substantially after 2 years.
Living as a Survivor: Sleep Disturbance, Fatigue, Depressive Mood, and Cognitive Dysfunction After Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wu Horng-Shiuann , Gao Feng , Given Charles 
Published: February 2023

Background
Many cancer survivors endure multiple symptoms while striving to return to a normal life. Those symptoms often co-occur and exacerbate one another; however, their interplay is not fully understood.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the occurrence and concurrence of sleep disturbance, fatigue, depressive mood, and cognitive dysfunction in posttreatment breast cancer survivors.

Methods
The data for this descriptive analysis were collected as part of the screening for a clinical trial. The occurrences of sleep disturbance, depressive mood, and cognitive dysfunction were each determined by the cutoff scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively; fatigue was determined by meeting the International Classification of Diseases cancer-related fatigue criteria.

Results
A convenience sample of 81 women completed chemotherapy or/and radiation for stage I-III breast cancer an average of 23.1 (±SD = 9.0) months ago. Sleep disturbance (85%) was most prevalent, followed by fatigue (67%), depressive mood (46%), and cognitive dysfunction (29%). Of the survivors, 80% reported 2 or more co-occurring symptoms. Worsened subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction significantly increased the risk of fatigue by 5.3, 4.3, and 4.3 times (all P < .001) and depression by 2.0, 2.7, and 3.0 times (all P < .05), respectively.

Conclusion
Sleep disturbance significantly increased the risk of survivors’ fatigue and/or depressive mood after cancer treatment completion.

Implication for Practice
Effectively managing sleep disturbance and improving the individual’s sleep perception may subsequently reduce fatigue and/or depressive mood among breast cancer survivors. Nonpharmacological strategies for managing multiple posttreatment symptoms are needed.
The Relationship Between Social Support and Suicide Resilience in Chinese Cancer Patients: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model Through Self-care Self-efficacy and Meaning in Life
Authors: Zhang Yinying , Ding Xiaoping , Liu Yilan , Han Yanhong , Wang Gang , Cai Meijie , Zhang Yan , Hu De-Ying 
Published: February 2023

Background
A growing body of literature has shown a higher risk of suicide in cancer patients compared with the general population. Early detection of factors related to suicide resilience in cancer patients could prevent loss of life.

Objective
The study aimed to investigate the serial-multiple mediation of self-care self-efficacy and meaning in life in the relationship between social support and suicide resilience among Chinese cancer patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional investigation of 287 cancer patients using a battery of self-reported questionnaires was performed. For preliminary analyses, descriptive, univariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Mediation analyses were tested using a serial-multiple mediation model (PROCESS model 6).

Results
Mediation analysis indicated the indirect effects of social support on suicide resilience mediated solely by either self-care self-efficacy (point estimate = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12–0.30), or by meaning in life (point estimate = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.12), or by the multiple mediation of self-care self-efficacy to meaning in life (point estimate = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.06).

Conclusions
The findings demonstrated the crucial direct or indirect effects of social support, self-care self-efficacy, and meaning in life on facilitating cancer patients’ suicide resilience.

Implications for Practice
Oncology nurses, as 24-hour care providers for cancer patients, may interact with and be important sources for the psychosocial care of cancer patients at risk of suicide. Prevention and intervention efforts must be directed at assisting cancer patients, improving self-care self-efficacy, and finding meaning in life after a cancer diagnosis.
The Association Between Engagement in Activities of Daily Living and Care Interactions for Residents Living With Dementia
Authors: McPherson Rachel , Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Gruber-Baldini Ann L. , Holmes Sarah , Kusmaul Nancy 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Care interactions are essential to residents with dementia.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to describe the characteristics and quality of staff-resident care interactions among nursing home residents living with dementia and to test whether the quality of staff-resident care interactions varied by resident level of engagement in the interaction. Specifically, it was hypothesized that controlling for age, gender, comorbidities, cognition, and function, actively engaged residents would have more positive care interactions with staff compared with passively engaged residents.

Methods:
This was a secondary data analysis using baseline data from the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia intervention study.

Results:
A total of 532 residents were included. Actively engaged residents had significantly more positive interactions compared to passively engaged residents.

Conclusions:
Passively engaged residents may be at risk to receive poor quality care interactions. Strategies and interventions to optimize care interactions for these individuals are needed.
The Johns Hopkins Activity and Mobility Promotion Program
Authors: McLaughlin Kevin H. , Friedman Michael , Hoyer Erik H. , Kudchadkar Sapna , Flanagan Eleni , Klein Lisa , Daley Kelly , Lavezza Annette , Schechter Nicole , Young Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Greater mobility and activity among hospitalized patients has been linked to key outcomes, including decreased length of stay, increased odds of home discharge, and fewer hospital-acquired morbidities. Systematic approaches to increasing patient mobility and activity are needed to improve patient outcomes during and following hospitalization.

Problem:
While studies have found the Johns Hopkins Activity and Mobility Promotion (JH-AMP) program improves patient mobility and associated outcomes, program details and implementation methods are not published.

Approach:
JH-AMP is a systematic approach that includes 8 steps, described in this article: (1) organizational prioritization; (2) systematic measurement and daily mobility goal; (3) barrier mitigation; (4) local interdisciplinary roles; (5) sustainable education and training; (6) workflow integration; (7) data feedback; and (8) promotion and awareness.

Conclusions:
Hospitals and health care systems can use this information to guide implementation of JH-AMP at their institutions.
Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Care
Authors: Hontoria-Alcoceba Rocío , López-López Candelas , Hontoria-Alcoceba Virginia , Sánchez-Morgado Ana Irene 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Inserting a peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter is a common health care procedure; however, risks include phlebitis, extravasation, and accidental dislodgement. Using evidence-based practices (EBPs) can reduce these risks.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to implement an evidence-based PIV catheter care bundle and a decision-making algorithm.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental study design was used. A care bundle and an evidence-based decision-making algorithm were implemented on a medical unit. Outcomes included length of PIV catheter dwell time, phlebitis and other complications, and health professionals' adherence to the interventions.

Results:
A total of 364 PIV catheters were assessed. PIV catheter dwell time decreased from 3.6 to 2.9 days (P < .001), and phlebitis rates decreased from 14.8% to 4.9% (P < .05). Health professionals' adherence increased from 84.3% to 91.8%.

Conclusions:
Implementing EBPs can improve care provided to patients with PIV catheters.
Stroke Counseling Intervention for Young Adult African Americans
Authors: Aycock Dawn M. , Clark Patricia C. , Hayat Matthew J. , Salazar Laura F. , Eriksen Michael P. 
Published: February 2023

Background
African Americans have a higher incidence of early-onset stroke and poorer stroke-related outcomes than other race/ethnic groups.

Objectives
Our two-arm, randomized controlled trial was implemented to assess efficacy of the nurse-led Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction (SCORRE) intervention in reducing stroke risk in young African American adults by improving accuracy of perceived stroke risk and lifestyle behaviors (i.e., diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation). Stroke knowledge, behavior change readiness, and perceived competence to live a healthy lifestyle were also explored as secondary outcomes.

Methods
African Americans aged 20–35 years, recruited from an urban university and surrounding community, were randomized to SCORRE or an attention placebo control group receiving safe sex education. Data were collected pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and at 8 weeks. Multilevel models were used for primary outcome analyses.

Results
Participants (n = 106) were mostly in their mid-20s, female, college students, and averaged about three modifiable stroke risk factors. Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group had, on average, a significant increase in accuracy of perceived stroke risk post-intervention, a greater change in perceived competence to live healthy, and a greater increase in dietary components at 8 weeks. Significant changes were not found in physical activity and other outcomes.

Discussion
These findings suggest that SCORRE is a promising intervention to reduce stroke risk among young African American adults. Results will inform a more robust, randomized controlled trial of SCORRE to have an age, culture, and gender-focused intervention that effectively reduces stroke risk among African Americans early in life.
Validation of Self-Reported Attachment Classification Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Parents of Young Children
Authors: Cain Cary M. , Mandell Dorothy J. , Padhye Nikhil S. , Rozmus Cathy L. 
Published: February 2023

Background
The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was developed to measure individual differences in insecure adult attachment and was suitable for populations that may have minimal or no experience in romantic relationships. The measure was previously validated on homogenous populations.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to verify construct validity and internal consistency of the ASQ among an ethnically and racially diverse sample of caregivers of young children ages birth to 3 years.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the psychometric properties of the ASQ. A racially and ethnically diverse sample of caregivers of young children (birth to 3 years old) completed the 40-item measure. Factor analyses and internal consistency analyses were conducted.

Results
Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the previously published factor structures were not a good fit for this diverse sample. Exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation revealed a four-factor solution among 16 items, including relationship anxiety, relationships as secondary, discomfort with closeness, and relationship distrust. Adequate internal consistency was noted for the factors, and structural invariance was confirmed across Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnicities.

Discussion
Nurse scientists and practitioners should take caution when using or developing indices based on previous research. There should be consideration of structural stability and replication across the intended population.