bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does fear spread across asset classes? Evidence from quantile connectedness
Authors: Fousekis Panos 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the connectivity among four principal implied volatility (“fear”) markets in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical analysis relies on daily data (“fear gauge indices”) for the period 2017–2023 and the quantile vector autoregressive (QVAR) approach that allows connectivity (that is, the network topology of interrelated markets) to be quantile-dependent and time-varying.

Findings
Extreme increases in fear are transmitted with higher intensity relative to extreme decreases in it. The implied volatility markets for gold and for stocks are the main risk connectors in the network and also net transmitters of shocks to the implied volatility markets for crude oil and for the euro-dollar exchange rate. Major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine increase connectivity; this increase, however, is likely to be more pronounced at the median than the extremes of the joint distribution of the four fear indices.

Originality/value
This is the first work that uses the QVAR approach to implied volatility markets. The empirical results provide useful insights into how fear spreads across stock and commodities markets, something that is important for risk management, option pricing and forecasting.
Leveling up employee engagement: uncovering the new pillars of an employee retention blueprint
Authors: Hassan Kaz 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Quiet quitting trends spurred by the pandemic have sent shockwaves through the world of work. It has woken business leaders up to the importance of improving employee engagement among a disparate, demotivated workforce. Previous insights from global research firms like Gallup and Gartner highlight that labor turnover is higher than ever as organizations are struggling to retain their staff. However, leaders are yet to enact meaningful strategies reflective of technological advancements to tackle the problem at its core.

Design/methodology/approach
At Unily, the author conducted extensive research to uncover the new pillars of an employee retention blueprint and unpick the intersection of digital communication, engagement and retention. The survey was completed by 218 Heads of Internal Communications, Heads of HR, IT Leaders and Intranet Managers at international businesses with over 10,000 employees.

Findings
The findings indicate that a high-quality digital experience is key to employee engagement with over half (53%) of those surveyed stating the two are linked. As the consumer world moves in the direction of superapps, such as TikTok, X and Instagram Threads, the digital age has heightened expectations of communication, blurring the lines between personal and work spheres. The author also found that employees now expect a smooth, multichannel, digital experience with WhatsApp (31%) text (47%), emojis (41%) and memes and GIFs (33%) as cited as common new modes of communication.

Originality/value
This study enriches existing research on employee retention and engagement by offering solutions on how to leverage digital communication to re-engage a dissatisfied, dispersed workforce.
Freshwater mussels promote functional redundancy in sediment microbial communities under different nutrient regimes
Authors: Higgins Edward , Parr Thomas B. , Vaughn Caryn C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Animals are a critical component of biogeochemical cycles. While animal mediated fluxes of nutrients and energy have received considerable attention, the impacts of these fluxes on microbial community structure and function are comparatively understudied. Here, we investigated if freshwater mussel influences on biogeochemical cycling in stream sediment are accompanied by changes in sediment microbial community composition and ecoenzymatic activity, and if these relationships change under different nutrient regimes.

We predicted that mussel effects on ecosystem function are reflected by modified sediment microbial communities. We hypothesized that if changes in either sediment ecoenzymatic function or microbial community composition are driven by mussel‐derived nutrient amendments, we should see muted changes in microbial community assemblages or function when a given nutrient is abundant. However, if microbial communities and function are influenced by other mussel functions, then we should see uniform changes regardless of nutrient availability.

We transplanted freshwater mussels and natural river sediment to flow‐through mesocosms and monitored changes in microbial community composition over 1 week. Our results indicate that mussels always changed sediment microbial community composition, but the way communities changed was dependent on ambient nutrient concentrations.

On the final day we measured the activity of ecoenzymes known to correlate to microbial function and nutrient availability. Mussels homogenized the stoichiometric ratios of ecoenzyme activities, indicating a consistent function of sediment microbes associated with freshwater mussels. Our results suggest that mussels may promote functional redundancy in sediment microbial communities and highlight the importance of animals in controlling biogeochemical transformations under changing nutrient conditions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Race in clinical trials in Sweden: How regulatory and medical standards in clinical research trump the post‐racial discourse
Authors: Mulinari Shai , Bredström Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe post‐racial discourse that permeates many Western European countries depicts society as having moved beyond race concepts and classifications. This article focuses on Sweden, a country that, in line with the post‐racial thinking, declares race to be an offensive and unscientific concept. The article investigates what happens when this post‐racial discourse meets clinical research standards that encourage, if not demand, the collection of data on patient race. Through an analysis of the reporting of patient race in 76 multinational trials with at least one study site in Sweden, and a review of the regulatory and medical standards and trial documents that direct the collection of patient race in trials, we show how race classification is kept intact in trials despite conflicting with post‐racial norms and conventions. Notably, our findings diverge from the way racialisation is typically assumed to work in Sweden and related countries. We argue this is possible because the two incompatible understandings of race are ‘distributed’ (Mol, 2002, The body multiple: Ontology in medical practice, Duke University Press) among different social worlds. The distribution, we propose, is upheld through the paucity of major debate on why and how race classification should be carried out in clinical trials in Europe as this allows contradictions to remain unspoken.
The Bishop, ‘Magic’ and Women: Episcopal Visitation of the Diocese, Laywomen and the Supernatural, and Clerical Authority in the Central Middle Ages
Authors: Austin Greta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTexts that prohibit laywomen from accessing the supernatural appear in the Libri duo of Regino of Prüm (c.906 CE) and the Decretum of Burchard of Worms (c.1020 CE). Regino and Burchard designed their handbooks for bishops to use as they visited their diocese. The handbooks forbade laywomen from accessing the supernatural through informal practices, which the texts contrasted to the male clergy's ritual access to supernatural authority. This article highlights that Regino's and Burchard's texts created a gendered hierarchy, one which associated women with illicit access to the supernatural and emphasised male clerical authority.
Three‐dimensional morphometry of the testis in dog using design‐unbiased stereology
Authors: Bojarzadeh Hadis , Lazzarini Giulia , Gatta Alessandra , Sadeghinezhad Javad , Samieeroudy Leila , Pirone Andrea , Miragliotta Vincenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTestis is considered the main organ of the male reproductive system. Dogs are used as a suitable experimental model of testicular diseases in humans. From the veterinary aspect, several disorders have been reported to affect the testis in dogs. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the morphometrical features of the dog testis using design‐based stereology. The testes of six male dogs were used. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained and processed for light microscopy. Testicular total volume and the fractional volume of the seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and germinal epithelium were measured using the Cavalieri's estimator and the point counting system. Germinal epithelial surface area was estimated using test lines, and total length of seminiferous tubules was analysed using the counting frames. The total volume of testis was calculated 13.64 ± 1.94 cm3. The relative volume fractions of the seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and germinal layer expressed as a percentage of total testicular volume were found to be 75.87 ± 6.11%, 23.68 ± 5.15% and 64.15 ± 4.82%, respectively. The surface area of the germinal layer was 915.25 ± 150.48 cm2. The thickness of germinal layer was estimated to be 96.18 ± 10.72 μm. The total length of seminiferous tubules measured 290.8 ± 35.86 m. No statistical difference in investigated parameters was found between the left and right testes (p > 0.05). Our data might contribute to the male reproductive knowledge, help develop experimental studies in this field and possibly lead to advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular diseases in the dog.
The quantification of surface abrasion on flint stone tools
Authors: Bustos‐Pérez Guillermo , Ollé Andreu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLithic artifacts are some of the most common and numerous remains recovered from paleolithic archaeological sites. However, these materials can undergo multiple post‐depositional alterations after their introduction into the archaeological record. Due to the high quantity of lithic remains recovered, a quick, flexible, and effective method for identifying degrees of alteration on the surface of lithic implements is highly desirable. The present study examines the use of gray level images to obtain quantitative data from the surface of flint artifacts and determine whether these images can detect the presence of post‐depositional alterations. An experimental collection of flints was subjected to sequential episodes of rounding in a tumbling machine. After each episode, photographs were taken with a microscope, resulting in quantitative surface values using gray level values. The quantitative surface values were used as variables in machine learning models to determine time of exposure and the most salient variables for discrimination. Our results indicate that the extraction of metrics from gray level images successfully capture changes in the surface of flint artifacts caused by post‐depositional processes. Additional results provide insight into which areas to sample when seeking post‐depositional alterations and underscore the importance of particle size in the generation of alterations.
New results of obsidian artifact analysis from the middle and lower basin of the Salado stream, Río Negro province, Argentina
Authors: Alberti Jimena , Cardillo Marcelo , Stern Charles 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Salado and Verde streams constitute the two main seasonally available freshwater courses that flow into the Atlantic coast of the Río Negro province (continental Patagonia, Argentina, 42° South). This would have favored their use in the past as corridors for human circulation between the coast and the interior. This paper presents the results of the technomorphological and geochemical analyses of the obsidian artifacts recovered in the area to constrain mobility. The results allow us to propose the existence of toolkit reconditioning or replacement activities, and the identification of different sources of provenance of the obsidians (Sacanana, Telsen, and Portada Covunco, distant up to 800 km from the study area), reinforcing the hypothesis of a coast–inland circulation, with the possible existence of circuits of exchange of this raw material.
Investigating the role of the state in regulating corporate social responsibility: Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Authors: El‐Said Osman Ahmed , Aziz Heba , Mirzaei Maryam , Smith Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to provide an overview of state governance for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). A systemic literature review method is employed to collect 88 relevant publications, and a qualitative coding method is used to identify 98 governance instruments from those publications. These are grouped into 13 themes and then examined within three conceptual models. The findings reveal that most of the instruments are geared towards ethical expectations, internal and external social responsibility, raising awareness, and socio‐economic development. The findings are then explored within four theories. The results suggest that CSR governance in the GCC is at a moderate to high level of bureaucratization; reflects Islamic identity, national development targets, and business accountability; is between the stages of habitualization and objectification; and relies mostly on normative pressures. Recommendations for policymakers and company managers are then presented based on these findings.
Size and crown shape predict reproductive maturity of Carapa guianensis in upland and floodplain forests in the northeastern Amazon
Authors: Angulo Villacorta Carlos Darwin , Ribeiro Gomes Henrique Szymansky , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , de Toledo José Julio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComprehending the size distribution within a population and grasping its connection to tree maturation (onset of reproductive phase) is pivotal for formulating sustainable management strategies and conserving numerous tree species. The objective of this study was to compare the structure and probability of fruit production of Carapa guianensis in two types of forest (varzea, or floodplain, vs. terra firme, or upland) in the northeastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was conducted in four permanent plots of 300 × 300 m (two for each type of forest). All individuals ≥10 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) were mapped and measured for DBH, height, and canopy characteristics (shape and position), and liana infestation. Sixty‐seven trees were inventoried in the upland forest and 297 in the floodplain forest. The trees were larger in the upland (33.36 ± 1.84 cm) than in the floodplain (21.92 ± 1.5 cm) and more than half (56%) of the upland trees and more than two thirds (67%) of floodplain trees were reproductive. The minimum diameter for fruit production in the floodplain (10.2 cm of DBH) was more than two times smaller than in the upland (25.5 cm of DBH). The probability of fruit production of a tree of the same size was twice as high in the floodplain compared with the upland, and trees with rounded canopies had a higher probability of fruit production in the upland. Our results showed that the probability of fruit production can be modeled with variables of tree size and canopy shape, and that intrinsic factors of the forests influence the reproductive maturity of C. guianensis which presents greater precocity and productive potential of seeds in the estuarine floodplain forest of the Amazon River.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
A study of deviant behaviour among China's left‐behind children: The impact of strain, social control and learning
Authors: Jin Xiaohong , Chen Wei , Wu Yuning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effects of strain, social control and learning variables on the likelihood of deviant behaviour among left‐behind children (thereafter LBC) and non‐left‐behind children (thereafter NLBC) in China. A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted among 380 LBC and 656 NLBC in elementary and middle schools in three cities of Hubei Province, China. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether LBC and NLBC differ in deviant behaviour and three main groups of correlates of deviance that reflect strain, social control and learning. LBC were less likely than NLBC to commit deviant behaviour. LBC with greater family attachment and school bond were less likely to engage in deviance, whereas NLBC with more academic difficulty and bullying victimization were more inclined to conduct deviant acts. Having deviant peers increased both LBC's and NLBC's probability of committing deviant behaviour. A combination of factors related to strain, social control and learning theories explains Chinese children's deviance. It is important to promote the healthy development of LBC by enhancing family and school bonds and reducing deviant associations.
Recessive mutation on mouse chromosome 13 associated with abnormal hair texture and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Suto Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn autosomal recessive mutation (aht) associated with abnormal hair texture and cardiomyopathy spontaneously arose in the Y‐chromosome consomic mouse strain DH‐Chr YSS. The aht/aht mouse phenotypes closely resembled those of rul/rul mice, which were caused by a mutation in desmoplakin (Dsp) on chromosome 13. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using (DDD/Sgn × DH‐Chr YSS‐aht heterozygotes) F2 mice demonstrated that aht is contiguous with Dsp on chromosome 13. However, no nucleotide changes were identified in the coding region of Dsp in aht/aht mice by whole‐exome sequencing. Therefore, the molecular nature of the aht mutation remains unclear. Nevertheless, aht/aht mice may serve as a new model for human diseases that are accompanied by abnormalities in the integumental and cardiovascular systems, including Carvajal‐Huerta syndrome.
Perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Dermatochirurgie – Positionspapier der Arbeitsgruppe Antibiotic Stewardship der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie (DGDC), Teil 1: Eingriffs‐ und patientenbezogene Risikofaktoren
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Becker Sören L. , Hartmann Daniela , Kofler Lukas , Kunte Christian , Müller Cornelia S. L. , Schlager Justin Gabriel , Balakirski Galina 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe (PAP) hat das Ziel, postoperative Wundinfektionen und Infektionskomplikationen (insbesondere bakterielle Endokarditis oder septische Arthritis) bei chirurgischen Eingriffen zu vermeiden. Die PAP hat sich besonders bei Eingriffen bewährt, bei denen die Infektionsraten auch ohne Berücksichtigung der patientenbezogenen Risikofaktoren insgesamt hoch sind (wie für orthopädische Eingriffe oder die Versorgung von Frakturen). Auch Operationen mit Eröffnung der Atemwege, des Verdauungs‐, Genital‐ oder Harntrakts gelten als mit Infektionsrisiko behaftet und können eine PAP erfordern. In der Dermatochirurgie sind Infektionskomplikationen insgesamt verhältnismäßig selten und variieren in Abhängigkeit von der Lokalisation, Komplexität des Eingriffes und der Patientenkohorte zwischen 1% und 11%. Daher spiegeln die allgemeinchirurgischen Empfehlungen bezüglich der PAP die Bedürfnisse der Dermatochirurgie nur begrenzt wider. Im Gegensatz zu den USA, wo eine entsprechende Empfehlung vorliegt, existiert in Deutschland zurzeit keine speziell für dermatochirurgische Eingriffe konzipierte Leitlinie zur Anwendung von PAP. In Abwesenheit evidenzbasierter Empfehlungen wird die PAP durch die Erfahrung der einzelnen Operateure geprägt, was zu einer heterogenen Anwendung antimikrobieller Substanzen führt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zu dem Thema zusammengefasst und die daraus resultierende Empfehlung zur Anwendung der PAP in Abhängigkeit von eingriffs‐ und patientenbezogenen Risikofaktoren formuliert.
The Real‐World Observational Prospective Study of Health Outcomes with Dulaglutide and Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (TROPHIES): Final patient‐reported outcomes at 24 months
Authors: Boye Kristina S. , Lebrec Jérémie , Dib Anne , Heitmann Elke , Federici Marco Orsini , Yu Maria , Sapin Hélène , Barrett Annabel , Guerci Bruno , Giorgino Francesco , Füchtenbusch Martin , García‐Pérez Luis‐Emilio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo report health‐related patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating their first injectable glucose‐lowering medication (GLM) with two commonly prescribed glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) from the prospective, observational TROPHIES study (The Real‐World Observational Prospective Study of Health Outcomes with Dulaglutide and Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients).Materials and MethodsTROPHIES was a two‐cohort, 24‐month study conducted in France, Germany and Italy. Adults with a T2D diagnosis, naïve to injectable treatment for T2D and prescribed dulaglutide or liraglutide as their first injectable GLM, were eligible for inclusion. Study objectives included describing the following PROs associated with the treatment of T2D with GLP‐1RAs: health‐related quality of life; impact of weight on self‐perception; life and work productivity; and patient satisfaction with treatment and injection device. Additional analyses formally compared PRO measures between the treatment cohorts.ResultsOverall, improvements from baseline in PRO scores were observed among people who started dulaglutide or liraglutide. A more pronounced trend of improvement was observed in the dulaglutide cohort for changes from baseline in treatment satisfaction and impact of weight on self‐perception, supported by statistically significant differences between treatment cohorts in additional comparative analyses at 12, 18 and 24 months. More positive patient perceptions of the injection device were observed with dulaglutide than with liraglutide.ConclusionsImprovements in PROs observed in TROPHIES, which were more evident with dulaglutide than liraglutide, reflect a relevant clinical benefit. From the patients’ perspective, satisfaction, and confidence in continuing treatment with GLP‐1RAs is likely to contribute to long‐term treatment persistence.