bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENEGAKAN DIAGNOSIS DAN PENANGGULANGAN CERVICALYS HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
Authors: Nadeak Bernadetha 
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the exact and precise diagnosis of the Cervicalys Herniatted Nucleus Pulposus (CHNP). CHNP comes from the displacement of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc at the cervical level, which can cause direct compression of the spinal cord or nerve root suppression. The posisition of the body which is less ergonomic during daily activities as a result of a misposition in a long time so as to cause high levels of stress on the muscles and tissues supporting the body in the long run and asymmetrical loading on intradiscal (disc migration). This condition causes the transfer of the nucleus pulposus to the front of the burden received, if this lasts a long time it can cause protrusion of the disc backwards so that it can directly irritate pain-sensitive posterior longitudinal ligaments. The purpose of this study is to find out how the precise and exact diagnosis of CHNP is. The research method used is library research, by referring to books, journals, articles relating to topics discussed as data sources to answer research question. The results of this study is; there are several ways that can be done in CHNP diagnosing such as: a) laboratory examination; b) imaging; c) electrodiagnostic, d) somatosensory evoked potentials. While the prevention of CHNP can be done in several ways such as: a) physical therapy; b) cervical traction; c) pharmacology; d) surgery; e) prevention; f) biomechanics; g) pathophysiology, and; h) decreased structure of the intervertebral disc. It can be concluded that in the accurate and precise enforcement and handling of CHNP, it is recommended to do the several methods mentioned above.

Keywords: cervicalys herniated nucleus pulposus, head and neck position
Polymerised mite allergoids with glutaraldehyde reduce proteolytic activity and enhance the stability of allergen mixtures: a proof of concept with grass mixtures
Authors: Tudela José Ignacio , Soria Irene , Abel-Fernández Eva , Cantillo José Fernando , Fernández-Caldas Enrique , Subiza José Luis , Iborra Salvador 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPolysensitized patients require allergen immunotherapy (AIT) targeting multiple allergens. However, combining allergen extracts can lead to instability and reduced efficacy particularly due to the high proteolytic activity of house dust mite (HDM) allergens. While is known that glutaraldehyde cross-linking may reduce enzymatic activity, its ability to stabilize multi-allergen formulations and protect key allergens from degradation remains unexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of glutaraldehyde polymerization on the stability and immunogenicity of HDM and grass pollen allergen formulations, addressing proteolytic activity challenges in multi-allergen vaccines.MethodsStability was assessed over 24 months through protein quantification and antigenic activity assays. Proteolytic activity of HDM-containing extracts was measured using Azocoll, and peptide substrate-based enzymatic assays. Grass pollen allergen degradation was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and ELISA Immunogenicity was assessed in mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or in combination with glutaraldehyde-polymerised HDM, measuring IgG responses, splenocyte proliferation, and IL-10 production.ResultsGlutaraldehyde polymerization significantly reduced HDM proteolytic activity (p &lt; 0.0001), achieving reductions of 97.7%, 77.9%, and 89.9% in total protease activity, cysteine protease activity, and serine protease activity, respectively. This inhibition protected grass pollen allergens when mixed with HDM from degradation, ensuring consistent protein content and antigenic activity over 24 months. Mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or combined with polymerised mite extracts showed similar IgG responses and T-cell activation, indicating no compromise in the immune response to grass allergens, with IL-10 secretion confirming preserved regulatory responses.ConclusionsPolymerised allergen extracts address the challenges of proteolytic degradation in multi-allergen formulations, offering stable, immunogenic vaccines that maintain efficacy and provide a reliable treatment option for polyallergic patients.
The impact of jawbone regions (molar area, premolar area, anterior area) and bone density on the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implantation: a preliminary study
Authors: Miadili Mirealimu , Li Xiaoman , Zhang Yan , Ruan Danping , Liu Wei , Zhang Jianfei , Gao Yiming 
Published: February 2025

Robotic-assisted dental implantation represents a transformative innovation in modern dentistry, offering enhanced surgical precision and reduced variability. Despite its clinical adoption, the impact of anatomical and bone-related factors on placement accuracy remains underexplored. This retrospective study evaluated 54 implants placed in 30 patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and virtual planning software to analyze deviations in crown position, apex position, and angulation. Significant regional variations in accuracy were observed, with higher angular deviations in the anterior maxilla (mean ± SD: 3.21° ± 2.22°) and greater positional deviations in the posterior mandible (1.09 mm ± 0.51 mm) (p &lt; 0.05). Implant diameter significantly influenced global deviation (p = 0.019), while implant length and bone density (classified by Misch’s system) showed no significant effects (p &gt; 0.05). However, denser bone types (D1) exhibited a trend toward increased deviations, potentially due to insertion resistance. These findings underscore the need for region-specific and bone-quality considerations in robotic-assisted implantation. Refining robotic navigation and feedback mechanisms is critical to optimizing accuracy, particularly in anatomically complex regions.
Olefin selectivity of K-Mn promoters on CoFe-ZSM-5 based catalyst in CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Maseko Paula , Cele Mduduzi N. , Mdleleni Masikana M. 
Published: February 2025

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, into light olefins is crucial for mitigating environmental impacts and utilizing non-petroleum-based feedstocks. Thermo-catalytic CO2 transformation into valuable chemicals offers a promising solution to this challenge. This study investigates the effect of potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) promoters on CO2 conversion and C2H4 selectivity over CoFe-ZSM-5 zeolites. Structural characterization via FTIR, pyridine-FTIR, and PXRD confirmed the successful incorporation of K and Mn into CoFe-ZSM-5 at 80°C without significant structural changes to the zeolite framework. BET analysis revealed that metal incorporation did not substantially alter the surface area, while SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the preservation of ZSM-5 spherical morphology. Fixed-bed reactor experiments conducted at 350°C and 20 bar demonstrated that K and Mn synergistically enhanced CO2 conversion efficiency and selectivity toward C2H4. The K-Mn/4Fe4Co-ZSM-5 catalyst (modified with 4% Co and 4% Fe) exhibited the highest performance, achieving 97% olefin selectivity. Furthermore, Mn and K promoters reduce the CO selectivity on the Co-Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst. These findings underscore the critical role of K and Mn in facilitating efficient CO2 activation and directing the reaction pathway toward valuable olefin products.
Development and validation of generative artificial intelligence attitude scale for students
Authors: Marengo Agostino , Karaoglan-Yilmaz Fatma Gizem , Yılmaz Ramazan , Ceylan Mehmet 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionGenerative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have gained significant traction in educational settings, offering novel opportunities for enhanced learning experiences. However, limited research has investigated how students perceive and accept these emerging technologies. This study addresses this gap by developing a scale to assess university students’ attitudes toward generative AI tools in education.MethodsA three-stage process was employed to develop and validate the Generative AI Attitude Scale. Data were collected from 664 students from various faculties during the 2022–2023 academic year. Expert evaluations were conducted to establish face and content validity. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a subset of 400 participants, revealing a two-factor, 14-item structure that explained 78.440% of the variance. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on a separate sample of 264 students to validate this structure, resulting in the removal of one item and a final 13-item scale.ResultsThe 13-item scale demonstrated strong reliability, evidenced by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and a test–retest reliability of 0.90. Discriminative power was confirmed through corrected item-total correlations between lower and upper percentile groups. These findings indicate that the scale effectively differentiates student attitudes toward generative AI tools in educational contexts.DiscussionThe newly developed Generative AI Attitude Scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for measuring university students’ perspectives on integrating generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, into educational environments. These results highlight the potential for more targeted research and informed implementation strategies to enhance learning outcomes through generative AI.
Single-dose modified bloodless del Nido cardioplegia for minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors: Lee Heemoon , Kim Jihoon , Yoo Jae Suk 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundRecent studies demonstrated satisfactory results of del Nido cardioplegia in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our modified “bloodless” del Nido cardioplegia in MICS compared to the histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 471 patients who underwent minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) in our institution between January 2015 and September 2022. Patients were divided into HTK (n = 96) and bloodless del Nido (n = 375) groups. Using propensity score matching, we matched 72 patients with bloodless del Nido to 72 patients with HTK, based on demographic and operative information.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics and operative data after matching. The early mortality and morbidities did not differ significantly between the two groups. Freedom from overall mortality did not differ significantly during the follow-up period (97.2% in HTK vs. 98.6 in bloodless del Nido at 2 years, P = 0.56). The two groups had no difference in postoperative lactate levels at 6 and 24 h. Various statistical methods consistently indicated that bloodless del Nido cardioplegia did not increase risks for overall mortality.ConclusionsThe modified bloodless del Nido cardioplegia showed comparable postoperative outcomes in MICS compared with the HTK solution, suggesting its potential as an alternative option for MICS.
Case Report: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 with a novel mutation combined with Gitelman syndrome and a review of the literature
Authors: He Taoyuan , Li Xinyu , Li Guosheng , Wang Wanyang , Fu Hongjun , Gao Zhengnan , Liu Xuhan 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionFamilial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an inactivating mutation in the CASR gene, while Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder resulting from a pathogenic mutation in the SLC12A3 gene. Both genetic disorders are relatively rare. This report presents a patient with both FHH and GS, exhibiting unique clinical and genetic complexities.Case summaryWe report a case of a 69-year-old Asian female patient who had previously presented to the hospital on multiple occasions with complaints of joint stiffness, fatigue, dizziness, or other symptoms. The patient was readmitted to the hospital at the age of 66, presenting with the following clinical findings: hypocalciuria, hypercalcemia, normal or mildly elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, normal blood pressure, chondrocalcinosis (CC), and diabetes mellitus. Our careful analysis suggested that the patient might have the co-occurrence of GS and FHH. Genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous CASR p.Tyr161* mutation and a homozygous SLC12A3 p.Thr60Met mutation, which ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 (FHH1) combined with GS.ConclusionFor the first time, we report a case of FHH combined with GS. The novel CASR mutation in this patient expands the variant spectrum of FHH, provides new genetic evidence for its pathogenesis, and underscores the importance of genetic counseling for consanguineous families. This case also suggests a potential association between FHH and CC, the mechanism of which warrants further investigation. In addition, this report highlights possible potential interactions between FHH and GS. Clinically, hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia associated with GS are more detrimental than hypercalcemia linked to FHH and should be prioritized in management. Finally, genetic testing and molecular diagnostics are crucial for pediatric and adolescent populations with FHH and/or GS, and further studies are needed to clarify the genotypic and phenotypic relationships between FHH and GS comorbidities.
Diabetes mediates an inverted L-shaped association between cardiometabolic index and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007-2020
Authors: Bi Jinghui , Du Jianwei , Yan Xiaoyi , Chen Rongxin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundKidney stones are a chronic metabolic disorder. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new and easily accessible measure used to assess metabolic status. However, the relationship between CMI and the incidence of kidney stones remains unclear.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used in our cross-sectional study. A weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between CMI and kidney stone incidence. Subgroup and restricted cubic spline regression analyses were utilized to confirm robustness and assess the non-linearity of the association between CMI and kidney stone incidence.ResultsThis study involved 18,043 individuals, of whom 9.89% were diagnosed with kidney stones. After controlling for all covariates, CMI showed a significant positive association with kidney stone incidence (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.12). Individuals in the highest CMI quartile experienced a 50% higher incidence of kidney stones than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.18-1.92). Additionally, a significant interaction was observed in the subgroup with a history of diabetes (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe study identified a notable non-linear relationship between elevated CMI levels and a greater occurrence of kidney stones. This finding suggests that by routinely monitoring CMI levels, physicians can identify individuals at risk for kidney stones early, allowing for timely intervention to mitigate disease progression.
Relationship between systemic inflammatory response index and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011-2016
Authors: Cun Dejun , Yang Nan , Zhou Lin , Zeng Wenxing , Chen Bin , Pan Zichen , Feng Huang , Jiang Ziwei 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used, utilizing NHANES data from 2011-2016, including 3,205 participants aged 8 to 19 years. Weighted multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between SIRI and BMD at the lumbar spine, pelvis, trunk, and whole body. Additionally, smooth curve fitting was applied to examine the nonlinear relationship between SIRI and BMD, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interaction effects and modifiers.ResultsSIRI was significantly positively correlated with BMD at the pelvis, trunk, and whole body (p &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, a one-unit increase in ln(SIRI) was associated with increases in BMD of 0.018 g/cm², 0.006 g/cm², and 0.005 g/cm² for the pelvis, trunk, and whole body, respectively. Nonlinear analysis revealed a saturation effect between ln(SIRI) and BMD, with a more pronounced impact at specific threshold values. Subgroup analysis indicated that gender, age, BMI and total calcium levels modulated the relationship between SIRI and BMD.ConclusionSIRI is significantly associated with BMD in children and adolescents, with a positive effect on BMD at specific threshold levels. This finding suggests that SIRI may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of low bone mineral density, offering theoretical support for the prevention and intervention of bone health issues such as osteoporosis.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitors exhibit a partially hypoimmunogenic phenotype and actively inhibit immune responses
Authors: Gantier Malika , Ménoret Séverine , Fourrier Angélique , Delbos Frédéric , Nguyen Tuan Huy , Anegon Ignacio 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionGStemHep cells are human cryopreserved hepatic progenitors derived from pluripotent of stem cells (GStem cells) using a cGMP-compliant protocol. They were highly effective in rescuing mice from acute liver failure.MethodsThe objective of this study was to analyze the immunogenicity and immunoregulatory properties of GStemHep cells.ResultsAs compared to GStem cells, GStemHep cells showed complete loss of HLA-I (ABC) and they lacked of expression of HLA-II, HLA-G, HLA-E and PD-L1. GStemHep cells also showed increased expression of CD47, maintained high expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced expression of CD200. In comparison with GStem cells, GStemHep cultured in inflammatory conditions increased the expression of PD-L1, CD200, HO-1, HLA-E, CD47 and HLA-I (ABC) as well as maintained expression of IDO and were negative for HLA-II and HLA-G. GStemHep culture in basal or inflammatory conditions has a low or absent immunogenic activity on T cells, associated to a suppressive effect on proliferation partially mediated by IDO. We observed phagocytosis of GStemHep by macrophages that was partially inhibited by CD47 expression. NK cells were activated by resting GStemHep cells. Upon culture in inflammatory conditions that induced expression of HLA-I molecules in GStemHep cells NK cell activation was reduced. Thus, GStemHep cells are partially hypoimmune cells due to the expression of several immune checkpoint inhibitors and the absence of HLA-I molecules. In inflammatory conditions, the expression of several of these molecules was increased but also of HLA-I that could be immunogenic for T cells but it was inhibitory for NK cells.DiscussionGStemHep cells show a favorable immunological profile for their use as allogeneic off-the shelf treatment of liver diseases with loss of hepatocyte function.
De Novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibody risk stratification in kidney transplantation using a combination of B cell and T cell molecular mismatch assessment
Authors: Chou-Wu Elaine , Niemann Matthias , Youngs Danny , Gimferrer Idoia 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe presence of de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) has detrimental effect on allograft outcomes in kidney transplantation. As humoral responses in transplantation are elicited targeting non-self-epitopes on donor HLA proteins, assessing HLA mismatches at the molecular level provides a refined means for immunological risk stratification.MethodsIn the present study, we utilized three HLA molecular mismatch assessment algorithms, Snow, HLAMatchmaker, and PIRCHE-II, to evaluate the independent and synergistic association of B cell and T cell epitope mismatches with dnDSA development in a cohort of 843 kidney transplant recipients.ResultsOur results demonstrated that B cell and T cell epitope mismatches at HLA Class I and DRB1/DQB1 loci are remarkably increased in dnDSA-positive recipients, even after normalization by allele mismatch numbers in individual study subjects. Furthermore, elevated Snow, verified eplet mismatches, and PIRCHE-II scores are significantly associated with dnDSA occurrence individually and in combination.ConclusionOur findings highlight the value of utilizing B cell and T cell epitope mismatch evaluation in living donor selection and immunological risk stratification to improve transplant outcomes.
Longitudinal CNS and systemic T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation before and after antiretroviral therapy beginning in primary HIV infection
Authors: Chan Phillip , Li Xiang , Li Fangyong , Emu Brinda , Price Richard W. , Spudich Serena 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTrafficking of immune cells to the central nervous system is hypothesized to facilitate HIV entry and immune-induced neuronal injury and is mediated by surface proteins such as chemokine receptors and α4 integrin. We longitudinally assessed immune cell activation and surface marker expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood and their relationship with CSF HIV RNA beginning during primary HIV infection (PHI) before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsLongitudinal paired blood and CSF were obtained in ART-naïve PHI (&lt;12 month since infection) participants; some independently initiated ART during follow up. Multiparameter flow cytometry of fresh samples determined activation (% CD38+HLADR+) and chemokine receptor expression (% CCR5+ and CXCR3+) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and subtype and α4 integrin expression (% and mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) of CD49d+) on monocytes. HIV RNA was quantified by PCR. Analyses employed Spearman correlation, within-subject correlation, and linear mixed models.Results51 participants enrolled at a median 3.2 months post HIV transmission with 168 total visits (113 pre-ART, 55 post-ART) and a median of 6.5 months of longitudinal follow up (range 0-40). In pre-ART PHI, frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were much higher in CSF than in blood, with levels similar to ART-naïve people with chronic HIV infection. Both CSF CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation increased longitudinally prior to initiation of ART. In multivariate analysis, CSF CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell activation independently predicted CSF HIV RNA. Neither CSF monocyte subtypes or α4 expression correlated with CSF HIV RNA. Blood monocyte α4 MFI correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation (p&lt;0.05). Following ART initiation, blood but not CSF T cell activation declined with days on treatment (slope=-0.06, p=0.001). During ART, blood and CSF monocyte α4 MFI correlated with T cell activation (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionsIn untreated early infection after PHI, immune activation increases over time, and CSF CD4+ T cell activation but not monocyte activation correlates with CSF HIV RNA. Intrathecal T cell activation does not decline during early follow up on ART. Immunomodulating therapies may be needed to prevent neuronal injury and HIV neuroinvasion during early HIV.