bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposures during pregnancy and at birth are associated with the risk of offspring eating disorders
Authors: Ozsvar Judit , Gissler Mika , Lavebratt Catharina , Nilsson Ida A. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric disorders, commonly debuting early. Aberrances in the intrauterine environment and at birth have been associated with risk of ED. Here, we explore if, and at what effect size, a variety of such exposures associate with offspring ED, that is, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS).MethodsThis population‐based cohort study, conducted from September 2021 to August 2023, used Finnish national registries of all live births in 1996–2014 (N = 1,097,753). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compare ED risk in exposed versus unexposed offspring, adjusting for potential confounders and performing sex‐stratified analyses.ResultsA total of 6614 offspring were diagnosed with an ED; 3668 AN, 666 BN, and 4248 EDNOS. Lower risk of offspring AN was seen with young mothers, continued smoking, and instrumental delivery, while higher risk was seen with older mothers, inflammatory disorders, prematurity, small for gestational age, and low Apgar. Offspring risk of BN was higher with continued smoking and prematurity, while lower with postmature birth. Offspring risk of EDNOS was lower with instrumental delivery, higher for older mothers, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin‐treated pregestational diabetes, antibacterial treatment, prematurity, and small for gestational age. Sex‐specific associations were found.ConclusionsSeveral prenatal and at birth exposures are associated with offspring ED; however, we cannot exclude confounding by maternal BMI. Nevertheless, several exposures selectively associate with risk of either AN, BN, or EDNOS, and some are sex‐specific, emphasizing the importance of subtype‐ and sex‐stratified analyses of ED.Public SignificanceWe define environmental factors involved in the development of different ED, of importance as preventive measure, but also in order to aid in defining the molecular pathways involved and thus in the longer perspective contribute to the development of pharmacological treatment of ED.
The prediction of uneven snowpack response to forest thinning informs forest restoration in the central Sierra Nevada
Authors: Lewis Gabriel , Harpold Adrian , Krogh Sebastian A. , Broxton Patrick , Manley Patricia N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Sierra Nevada has experienced unprecedented wildfires and reduced snowmelt runoff in recent decades, due partially to anthropogenic climate change and over a century of fire suppression. To address these challenges, public land agencies are planning forest restoration treatments, which have the potential to both increase water availability and reduce the likelihood of uncontrollable wildfires. However, the impact of forest restoration on snowpack is site specific and not well understood across gradients of climate and topography. To improve our understanding of how forest restoration might impact snowpack across diverse conditions in the central Sierra Nevada, we run the high‐resolution (1 m) energy and mass balance Snow Physics and Lidar Mapping (SnowPALM) model across five 23–75 km2 subdomains in the region where forest thinning is planned or recently completed. We conduct two virtual thinning experiments by removing all trees shorter than 10 or 20 m tall and rerunning SnowPALM to calculate the change in meltwater input. Our results indicate heterogeneous responses to thinning due to differences in climate and wind across our five central Sierra Nevada subdomains. We also predict the largest increases in snow retention when thinning forests with tall (7–20 m) and dense (40–70% canopy cover) trees, highlighting the importance of pre‐thinning vegetation structure. We develop a decision support tool using a random forests model to determine which regions would most benefit from thinning. In many locations, we expect major forest restoration to increase snow accumulation, while other areas with short and sparse canopies, as well as sunny and windy climates, are more likely to see decreased snowpack following thinning. Our decision support tool provides stand‐scale (30 m) information to land managers across the central Sierra Nevada region to best take advantage of climate and existing forest structure to obtain the greatest snowpack benefits from forest restoration.
Pharmaco‐disparities in heart failure: a survey of the affordability of guideline recommended therapy in 10 countries
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Esfahani Meisam , Khatib Rani , Kayima James , Miranda Juan Jaime , Wadhera Rishi K. , Zannad Faiez , Pandey Ambarish , Van Spall Harriette G. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is treatable but guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) may not be affordable or accessible to people living with the disease.Methods and resultsIn this cross‐sectional survey, we investigated the price, affordability, and accessibility of four pivotal classes of HFrEF GDMT: angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin‐neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI); beta‐blockers; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA); and sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). We sampled online or community pharmacies in 10 countries across a range of World Bank income groups, assessing mean 30 day retail prescription prices, affordability relative to gross national income per capita per month, and accessibility. We reported median price ratios relative to the International Reference Standard. We performed a literature review to evaluate accessibility to GDMT classes through publicly funded drug programmes in each country. HFrEF GDMT prices, both absolute and relative to the international reference, were highest in the United States and lowest in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most expensive drug was the ARNI, sacubitril/valsartan, with a mean (standard deviation, SD) 30 day price ranging from $11.06 (0.81) in Pakistan to $611.50 (3.54) in United States. The least expensive drug was the MRA, spironolactone, with a mean (SD) 30 day price ranging from $0.18 (0.00) in Pakistan to $12.32 (0.00) in England. Affordability (SD) of quadruple therapy—ARNI, beta‐blockers, MRA, and SGLT2i—was best in high‐income and worst in low‐income countries, ranging from 1.49 (0.00)% of gross national income per capita per month in England to 232.47 (31.47)% in Uganda. Publicly funded drug programmes offset costs for eligible patients, but ARNI and SGLT2i were inaccessible through these programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Price, affordability, and access were substantially improved in all countries by substituting ARNI for ACEi/ARB.ConclusionsThere was marked variation between countries in the retail price of HFrEF GDMT. Despite higher prices in high‐income countries, GDMT was more accessible and affordable than in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Publicly funded drug programmes in lower income countries increased affordability but limited access to newer HFrEF GDMT classes. Pharmaco‐disparities must be addressed to improve HFrEF outcomes globally.
The characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute heart failure who used tolvaptan: from KCHF registry
Authors: Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kato Takao , Morimoto Takeshi , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Yamamoto Erika , Ozasa Neiko , Tada Tomohisa , Sakamoto Hiroki , Seko Yuta , Shiba Masayuki , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Yamashita Yugo , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Kawai Takafumi , Komasa Akihiro , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi ,   for the KCHF Study Investigators
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThe use of tolvaptan is increasing in clinical practice in Japan. However, the characteristics of patients who used tolvaptan and the timing of its use in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are not fully elucidated.Methods and resultsAmong consecutive 4056 patients in the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry, we analysed 3802 patients after excluding patients on dialysis, prior or unknown tolvaptan use at admission, and unknown timing of tolvaptan use, and we divided them into two groups: tolvaptan use (N = 773) and no tolvaptan use (N = 3029). The prevalence of tolvaptan use varied widely from 48.7% to 0% across the participating centres. Factors independently associated with tolvaptan use were diabetes, poor medical adherence, oedema, pleural effusion, hyponatraemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation, dobutamine infusion within 24 h, and additional inotropes infusion beyond 24 h after admission. The mortality rate at 90 days after admission was significantly higher in the tolvaptan use group than in the no tolvaptan use group (14.3% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.049). However, after adjustment, the excess mortality risk of tolvaptan use relative to no tolvaptan use was no longer significant (hazard ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 0.77–3.02, P = 0.22). Patients with tolvaptan use had a longer hospital stay [median (interquartile range): 22 (15–34) days vs. 15 (11–21) days, P < 0.0001] and a higher prevalence of worsening renal failure (47.0% vs. 31.8%, P < 0.0001) and worsening heart failure (24.8% vs. 14.4%, P < 0.0001) than those without.ConclusionsAHF patients with tolvaptan use had more congestive status with poorer in‐hospital outcomes and higher short‐term mortality than those without tolvaptan use.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02334891 (NCT02334891) and https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017241 (UMIN000015238).
Are Monophospha(III)amidines and ‐guanidines with Ionizable Hydrogens Tautomeric? Towards a Deeper Understanding of Two Related Hetero‐element Functional Groups
Authors: Masuda Jason D. , Mokhtabad Amrei Leila , Boeré René T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents definitive structural evidence for N,P(III)‐monophosphaamidines in P=C and N=C isomeric forms from a combination of new syntheses, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), solid‐state NMR and FTIR. Evidence is also provided for C‐amino‐(σ2,λ3)‐phosphaalkene and C‐(σ3,λ3)‐phosphinoimine tautomerism in solution using multi‐nuclear NMR methods. Synthesis and SC‐XRD structure determination of a trisubstituted N,N’,P(III)‐monophosphaguanidine is presented, the first structure of a phospha(III)guanidine with two ionizable H atoms. The structural evidence is convincing for an N=C geometry, resulting in both N−H and P−H in the molecule. A detailed computational investigation using DFT methods is presented, with the goal of understanding the tautomeric structure preferences both at the fundamental level (parent molecules with all substituents on the heteroatoms being hydrogen) and using the full structures containing the very bulky 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Dipp) substituents employed in this study. Arguments are espoused for treating phospha(III)amidines and ‐guanidines as new types of functional groups, similar to but distinct from the familiar organic analogues. Limited reactivity studies and a voltammetry study of one phospha(III)amidine are included with the supporting information.
Sulfoxonium Ylides as Carbene Precursors in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Sommelet‐Hauser Rearrangement for the Synthesis of S/Se‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Luo Cankun , Lin Zhiqian , Hao Yingdi , Jia Pengfei , Lai Ruizhi , Guo Li , Yao Yuan , Wu Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed Sommelet‐Hauser rearrangement derived from α‐thioesters/α‐selenoesters and sulfoxonium ylides has been developed for the synthesis of various sulfur/selenium‐containing ortho‐substituted aromatic compounds in medium to excellent yields (39 examples; up to 97 %). Sulfoxonium ylides as the safe carbene precursors are firstly used in Sommelet‐Hauser rearrangement reactions, which is superior to traditional diazo compounds. The present reaction has the advantages of mild condition, safety and broad substrate scope, which afford a unique method for the synthesis of sulfur/selenium‐containing compounds with a tertiary carbon center.
Theoretical study on the nonlinear contact mechanism of reinforced self‐centering bridge pier system based on the Winkler model
Authors: Zhang Pu , Li Suchao , Zhang Dongyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelf‐centering (SC) bridge piers generally set one or several gaps to avoid the occurrence of plastic hinges and mitigate both damage and residual drifts during major earthquakes. However, the gap opening mechanism also produces new problems in theoretical analyses, such as the strong nonlinear contact motion behavior between adjacent segments. An accurate contact mechanism is therefore significant to describe the gap‐opening process and evaluate the mechanical properties of rocking systems. Firstly, for the low‐damage SC bridge pier system especially with different reinforcement measures in contact segment, this study investigated the nonlinear contact mechanism by decoupling the linear and nonlinear motions of the SC bridge pier system, which were elastic‐body rotation and contact segment bending‐to‐yielding, respectively. Secondly, the entire gap opening process was divided into three stages, and force analysis of the contact segment in each stage was conducted. Subsequently, the differential equations and rotation equation of the contact segment were established and derived based on the Winkler model. The corresponding contact parameters in the equations were obtained. The proposed equation was verified using published experimental data. In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) results showed that the rotation equation can accurately describe the contact state at each moment during the entire nonlinear contact process. Finally, the key parameters describing the contact state is investigated including the contact width, rotation posture, rotation angle, and contact stress. The results show that proposed theory can accurately predict the improvement effect of hysteretic performance for different reinforced measures on the rocking interface, which will be helpful and efficient for the optimal design of reinforced SC bridge pier system.
Reproductive justice and the Figure of the Child: The multiple harms of forced sterilization and abortion in Peru
Authors: Chaparro‐Buitrago Julieta , Freeman Cordelia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe argue that discourses around forced sterilization and abortion restrictions too often focus on motherhood and fertility and ignore the multiple other harms they bring. To do this, we travel with the North American framework of reproductive justice (RJ) to think through experiences of (non)reproduction in Peru and consider its analytic possibilities. In this intervention, we wish to focus on the commonality between RJ's three tenets: the figure of the child and its analytic force. We argue that while the aim of the RJ framework is not to reify fetuses and children at the expense of adults nor to reinforce a pronatalist position, the fact that the tenets are formulated around children means that, when mobilized for political or analytical purposes, they can reinforce repronormative mandates. We use the examples of forced sterilization and abortion in Peru to consider the issues this figuration of the child brings into being and the landscape of meaning it produces.
Arachis species: High‐quality forage crops—nutritional properties and breeding strategies to expand their utilization and feeding value
Authors: Song Hui , Huang Yafeng , Ding Lanlan , Duan Zhenquan , Zhang Jiancheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlants of the genus Arachis originated from South America and are cultivated worldwide. The genus Arachis contains 83 species and nine intrageneric taxonomic sections. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) belongs to the Arachis section, the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg.) belongs to the Caulorrhizae section, and the perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) belongs to the Rhizomatosae section. These three peanut species have been developed for use as fodder crops. This review summarizes the forage value of Arachis species. Forage and perennial peanuts can be intercropped with forage species to feed livestock. The cultivated peanut vines and peanut by‐products, such as peanut skins and peanut meal, are also high‐quality fodder used to feed sheep, cattle, and poultry. A major limiting factor in terms of adopting forage and perennial peanuts as forage crops is their limited resistance to frosts, resulting from their low winter hardiness. Therefore, the feeding value of cultivated peanuts is higher compared to forage and perennial peanuts. This review suggests that Arachis is a suitable forage crop, focusing on their nutritional properties and breeding to increase their performance under cultivation and feeding value.
Denoising brain networks using a fixed mathematical phase change in independent component analysis of magnitude‐only fMRI data
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Ying , Lin Qiu‐Hua , Niu Yan‐Wei , Li Wei‐Xing , Gong Xiao‐Feng , Cong Fengyu , Wang Yu‐Ping , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrain networks extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) from magnitude‐only fMRI data are usually denoised using various amplitude‐based thresholds. By contrast, spatial source phase (SSP) or the phase information of ICA brain networks extracted from complex‐valued fMRI data, has provided a simple yet effective way to perform the denoising using a fixed phase change. In this work, we extend the approach to magnitude‐only fMRI data to avoid testing various amplitude thresholds for denoising magnitude maps extracted by ICA, as most studies do not save the complex‐valued data. The main idea is to generate a mathematical SSP map for a magnitude map using a mapping framework, and the mapping framework is built using complex‐valued fMRI data with a known SSP map. Here we leverage the fact that the phase map derived from phase fMRI data has similar phase information to the SSP map. After verifying the use of the magnitude data of complex‐valued fMRI, this framework is generalized to work with magnitude‐only data, allowing use of our approach even without the availability of the corresponding phase fMRI datasets. We test the proposed method using both simulated and experimental fMRI data including complex‐valued data from University of New Mexico and magnitude‐only data from Human Connectome Project. The results provide evidence that the mathematical SSP denoising with a fixed phase change is effective for denoising spatial maps from magnitude‐only fMRI data in terms of retaining more BOLD‐related activity and fewer unwanted voxels, compared with amplitude‐based thresholding. The proposed method provides a unified and efficient SSP approach to denoise ICA brain networks in fMRI data.
Prevalence and predictors of sexual distress in married reproductive‐age women: A cross‐sectional study from Iran
Authors: Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Sabetghadam Shadi , Pourasghar Mehdi , Khani Soghra , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Malary Mina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough various surveys have been conducted for sexual problems, there is a lack of population‐based studies on sexual distress in Iran. Thus, we sought to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of sexual distress in this population.MethodsOverall, 1000 married women aged 16–49 years were enrolled in this study using the two‐stage cluster sampling method. To identify sexual distress, the female sexual distress scale‐revised (FSDS‐R) was completed. The predictive factors were assessed using a checklist.ResultsA total of 318 women (31.8%) suffered from sexual distress. Among socio‐demographic factors, satisfaction with marriage (p = 0.001), among personal factors history of infertility and fear of contracting sexually transmitted infections (p < 0.01), and among sexual and interpersonal factors satisfaction with the level of sexual desire (p = 0.01), pain during sexual intercourse (p < 0.01), premature ejaculation disorders in the partner (p < 0.05), and sexual satisfaction (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with sexual distress.ConclusionClinicians should evaluate sexual distress comprehensively and consider all the related dimensions. The high overall prevalence of sexual distress, with or without an identifiable dysfunction, signals the importance of health professionals being adequately prepared to discuss sexual health concerns.
Effects of LAIR‐1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway regulation
Authors: Zhou Ti , Liu Luqing , Lan Haibin , Fang Donglin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignant tumors. Although surgical resection is the best treatment for HCC, many patients with HCC are found to have metastases at the time of initial diagnosis and lose the opportunity for radical treatment. Therefore, the study of the invasion and metastasis of HCC has always been the focus of HCC research. This study aimed to assess the influence of LAIR‐1 on HCC cell proliferation and invasion and the relevant mechanisms involved in this process.MethodsImmunocytochemical staining assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to detect the expression of LAIR‐1mRNA and protein in healthy human hepatocyte LO2 and the HCC cell lines HepG2, Bel‐7402, MHCC97‐H, and Huh‐7. Then, we evaluated the cell viability, colony formation, and invasion of MHCC97‐H and Huh‐7 cells in each group by silencing or overexpressing LAIR‐1 expression in MHCC97‐H and Huh‐7 cells, respectively. WB was used to detect the expression levels of PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway related proteins.ResultsOur findings showed that LAIR‐1 can inhibit cell viability, colony formation and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, LAIR‐1 significantly downregulated the expression of PI3K, p‐AKT and p‐mTOR, which were abolished by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002.ConclusionsOur study revealed that LAIR‐1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, probably via suppressing the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway.