bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of sodium alginate‐based film loaded with resveratrol and thymol on the shelf life of cooked sausage and the inoculated Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Hashemi Mahsa , Aminzare Majid , Hassanzadazar Hassan , Roohinejad Shahin , Tahergorabi Reza , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn present study, sodium alginate biodegradable films containing different concentrations of resveratrol (RES: 0.002% and 0.004%) or thymol (THY: 0.5% and 1%) and their combinations were prepared, and evaluated for their effects on spoilage‐related microbial profile, lipid oxidation, sensory properties, and protective effects against Listeria monocytogenes in beef mortadella sausage during 40 days storage at 4°C. The release rate of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu test. To assess the shelf life of the product, changes in total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PTC), pH levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and sensory characteristics (taste, color, odor, and overall acceptability) were evaluated. For the sensory evaluation, a panel of 70 semi‐trained judges was selected according to their initial performance. Samples wrapped with sodium alginate films containing 1% THY (alone or combined with different concentrations of RES) exhibited lower bacterial counts compared to other experimental groups at the end of the storage period (6.01–6.35 vs. 6.71–8.17 log10 CFU/g for TVC, 5.37–5.83 vs. 6.07–7.11 log10 CFU/g for LAB, 5.08–5.18 vs. 5.40–7.23 log10 CFU/g for PTC, and 6.53–6.92 vs. 7.23–9.01 log10 CFU/g for inoculated L. monocytogenes). Sodium alginate films containing the combination of 0.004% RES and different concentrations of THY showed higher antioxidant effects than other experimental groups (TBARS values of 1.68–1.99 vs. 2.23–3.80 mg MDA/kg sample). The sodium alginate film containing 0.004% RES + 1% THY exhibited the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and highest sensory scores among all treatments. These findings highlight the potential application of the sodium alginate film containing a combination of RES and THY as an active packaging material with natural preservatives in the meat products industry. This application can effectively extend the shelf life and enhance the microbial safety of clean‐label cooked sausages during refrigerated storage.
Revealing the mechanism of quinoa on type 2 diabetes based on intestinal flora and taste pathways
Authors: Zheng Chun‐Yan , An Tian , Liang Zheng‐Ting , Lv Bo‐Han , Liu Yu‐Tong , Hu Xue‐Hong , Zhang Yue‐Lin , Liu Nan‐Nan , Tao Si‐Yu , Deng Ru‐Xue , Liu Jia‐Xian , Jiang Guang‐Jian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of quinoa on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model. In this context, we induced the T2DM mice model with a high‐fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ), followed by treatment with a quinoa diet. To explore the impact of quinoa on the intestinal flora, we predicted and validated its potential mechanism of hypoglycemic effect through network pharmacology, molecular docking, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that quinoa could significantly improve abnormal glucolipid metabolism in T2DM mice. Further analysis showed that quinoa contributed to the improvement of gut microbiota composition positively. Moreover, it could downregulate the expression of TAS1R3 and TRPM5 in the colon. A total of 72 active components were identified by network pharmacology. Among them, TAS1R3 and TRPM5 were successfully docked with the core components of quinoa. These findings confirm that quinoa may exert hypoglycemic effects through gut microbiota and the TAS1R3/TRPM5 taste signaling pathway.
Progress and emerging strategies to preserve function in the treatment of sinonasal cancer
Authors: Robbins Kevin T , Ronen Ohad , Saba Nabil F. , Strojan Primoz , Vander Poorten Vincent , Mäkitie Antti , López Fernando , Rodrigo Juan P. , Homma Akihiro , Hanna Ehab , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sinonasal structures and their adjacent organs host several functions including vision, olfaction, nasal respiration and filtration, secretory immunity, facial expression, articulation, and oral deglutition. We reviewed the current evidence supporting functional preservation in sinonasal cancer treatment. Primary surgery with or without adjuvant modalities continues to be the standard of care for sinonasal cancer. Unfortunately, functional compromise remains a dominant negative feature of this approach. More recently, through advances in therapeutic techniques and improved understanding of the relevant tumor biology, treatments aimed at preserving function and cosmesis are emerging. The evidence for such progress involving minimal access surgery, surgical reconstruction for rehabilitation, new techniques in radiation therapy, inclusion of systemic and locally enhanced chemotherapy, and therapeutic agents based on molecular targets are highlighted. This multi‐prong approach bodes well for future patients with sinonasal cancer to undergo successful treatment that includes maximal preservation of associated functions.
Multiparametric machine learning algorithm for human papillomavirus status and survival prediction in oropharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Fazelpour Sherwin , Vejdani‐Jahromi Maryam , Kaliaev Artem , Qiu Edwin , Goodman Deniz , Andreu‐Arasa V. Carlota , Fujima Noriyuki , Sakai Osamu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) status influences prognosis in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Identifying high‐risk patients are critical to improving treatment. We aim to provide a noninvasive opportunity for managing OPC patients by training multiple machine learning pipelines to determine the best model for characterizing HPV status and survival.MethodsMulti‐parametric algorithms were designed using a 492 OPC patient database. HPV status incorporated age, sex, smoking/drinking habits, cancer subsite, TNM, and AJCC 7th edition staging. Survival considered HPV model inputs plus HPV status. Patients were split 4:1 training: testing. Algorithm efficacy was assessed through accuracy and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsFrom 31 HPV status models, ensemble yielded 0.83 AUC and 78.7% accuracy. From 38 survival models, ensemble yielded 0.91 AUC and 87.7% accuracy.ConclusionResults reinforce artificial intelligence's potential to use tumor imaging and patient characterizations for HPV status and outcome prediction. Utilizing these algorithms can optimize clinical guidance and patient care noninvasively.
Dosimetric investigation of radiation‐induced trigeminal nerve toxicity in parotid tumor patients
Authors: Duru Birgi Sumerya , Akyurek Serap , Birgi Erdem , Arslan Yakup , Gumustepe Esra , Bakirarar Batuhan , Gokce Saban Cakir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to describe the association between trigeminal nerve (TN) dose and toxicity and determine a threshold value that leads to TN toxicity in patients with parotid tumors treated with adjuvant conventional fractionated radiation therapy.Methods and MaterialsEighteen patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) between 2013 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. TN and its branches were outlined subsequently on the planning CT scans. The doses received by TN were obtained based on the dose–volume histogram. The dose and toxicity relationship was investigated over the total prescribed dose. RT‐related toxicity was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V4.0 (CTCAEv4.0).ResultsThe median follow‐up was 29.5 months. After RT, 61% of patients had Grade I–II late TN toxicity divided into Grade I in 4 (22%) and Grade II in 7 (39%) patients. TN injury symptoms were as follows: loss of sensation in the chin area in 3, difficulty in jaw movements in 3, and paresthesia in 5 patients. The total RT dose (p = 0.001), Dmax (p = 0.001), PTV‐TN Dmax (p = 0.001), D1cc (p = 0.004), D0.5cc (p = 0.001), and D0.1cc (p = 0.01) had a significant effect on TN toxicity. Cut‐off values leading to toxicity were determined as 66, 65.5, 65.25, 63.6, and 62.7 Gy for Dmax, PTV‐TN Dmax, D0.1cc, D 0.5cc, and D1cc, respectively.ConclusionsRadiation‐induced TN injury in head and neck cancer patients may further be investigated in clinically prospective trials by virtue of high toxicity rates with current RT doses in our retrospectively designed dosimetric study in parotid tumors.
Promoting well‐being in early adolescents through mindfulness: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scafuto Francesca , Ghiroldi Silvia , Montecucco Nitamo Federico , De Vincenzo Francesco , Quinto Rossella Mattea , Presaghi Fabio , Iani Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Gaia program is a 12‐week mindfulness intervention based on cultivating body, emotional, and ecological self‐awareness, which has been shown to be effective in reducing children's and adolescents' internalizing problems at school. This paper presents the results of a cluster randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this program on improving psychological well‐being, subjective well‐being, and psychological distress in early adolescents.MethodsA sample of 195 early adolescent students (boys, n = 99; girls, n = 96) with a mean age of 11.49 years (standard deviation = 0.80) attending 12 middle school classes participated in the study. Seven Gaia instructors belonging to six schools led the program. Measures were administered at three time points, approximately every 3 months: 1 week before treatment, 1 week after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. We used a multilevel regression model to test whether treatment was effective in increasing psychological well‐being and subjective well‐being, and reducing psychological distress, as compared to a waiting‐list control group.ResultsThe results showed that the Gaia program improved psychological well‐being but not subjective well‐being and psychological distress. Specifically, the Gaia program was effective in increasing personal growth and purpose in life, the key eudaimonic components of psychological well‐being, in the experimental group whereas they decreased in the control group.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide preliminary evidence that the Gaia program for early adolescents may improve the core eudaimonic components of psychological well‐being from pretest to follow‐up that, conversely, decrease in the control group.
Injectable controlled‐release systems for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases
Authors: Kunkel Alyssa A. , McHugh Kevin J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPharmaceutical drugs, including vaccines, pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylactics, and chronic drug therapies, are crucial tools in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. These drugs have the ability to increase survival and improve patient quality of life; however, infectious diseases still accounted for more than 10.2 million deaths in 2019 before the COVID‐19 pandemic. High mortality can be, in part, attributed to challenges in the availability of adequate drugs and vaccines, limited accessibility, poor drug bioavailability, the high cost of some treatments, and low patient adherence. A majority of these factors are logistical rather than technical challenges, providing an opportunity for existing drugs and vaccines to be improved through formulation. Injectable controlled‐release drug delivery systems are one class of formulations that have the potential to overcome many of these limitations by releasing their contents in a sustained manner to reduce the need for frequent re‐administration and improve clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of injectable controlled drug delivery platforms, including microparticles, nanoparticles, and injectable gels, detailing recent developments using these systems for single‐injection vaccination, long‐acting prophylaxis, and sustained‐release treatments for infectious disease.
A Comprehensive Mixed‐Method Approach to Characterize the Source of Diurnal Tacrolimus Exposure Variability in Children: Systematic Review, Meta‐analysis, and Application to an Existing Data Set
Authors: Leino Abbie D. , Magee John C. , Kershaw David B. , Pai Manjunath P. , Park Jeong M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTacrolimus is widely reported to display diurnal variation in pharmacokinetic parameters with twice‐daily dosing. However, the contribution of chronopharmacokinetics versus food intake is unclear, with even less evidence in the pediatric population. The objectives of this study were to summarize the existing literature by meta‐analysis and evaluate the impact of food composition on 24‐hour pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. For the meta‐analysis, 10 studies involving 253 individuals were included. The pooled effect sizes demonstrated significant differences in area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to 12 hours (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03‐0.52) and maximum concentration (SMD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.35‐1.15) between morning and evening dose administration. However, there was significant between‐study heterogeneity that was explained by food exposure. The effect size for minimum concentration was not significantly different overall (SMD, −0.09; 95% CI, −0.27 to 0.09) or across the food exposure subgroups. A 2‐compartment model with a lag time, linear clearance, and first‐order absorption best characterized the tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in pediatric participants. As expected, adding the time of administration and food composition covariates reduced the unexplained within‐subject variability for the first‐order absorption rate constant, but only caloric composition significantly reduced variability for lag time. The available data suggest food intake is the major driver of diurnal variation in tacrolimus exposure, but the associated changes are not reflected by trough concentrations alone.
Increasing dental and medical students’ understanding of race as a social construct
Authors: Nield Linda S. , Nease Emily K. , Cottrell Lesley E. , Moffett Kathryn S. , Saggio Renee B. , Price Shelia S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo improve health equity, dental and medical students must have a firm grasp of the proper use of race as a social construct. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which an innovative learning event affected students’ understanding of race as a social construct. It also sought to examine the effects that personally experienced and/or witnessed racism and previous education had on students’ responses to the learning event.MethodsIn 2022, all incoming first‐year dental (N = 48) and medical (N = 114) students completed an online pre‐matriculation assignment about the use of race in healthcare. Students initially completed an anonymous 14‐item pre‐survey and then read assigned publications, followed by answering questions about a real‐life vignette concerning the topic of race as a social construct. Students finished the assignment by completing an anonymous seven‐item post‐survey. Data from the pre‐ and post‐surveys were collected and analyzed to assess if differences existed among students and between the two surveys.ResultsDental and medical students were significantly more likely to endorse race as a social construct after the learning experience (p < 0.001). Students who had experienced discrimination or obtained training were more likely to define race as a social construct before and after the learning event.ConclusionDental and medical schools can increase students’ understanding of race as a social construct, rather than a biological construct, with educational interventions.
The impact of converting to telehealth for cancer genetic counseling and testing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Proussaloglou Ellie M. , Koelliker Ekaterina L. , Laprise Jessica , Wilbur Jennifer Scalia , Robison Katina , Stuckey Ashley , Crawford Katherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak in March 2020 resulted in a shift to telemedicine for cancer genetic counseling (GC). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of telehealth (TH) services on patient acceptance of recommended genetic testing, time to test completion, and follow‐up test‐disclosure GC appointment, as well as compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations for medical screenings when testing positive for a genetic variant. Data for this retrospective cohort study were collected at a tertiary‐care academic health center using the electronic medical record and laboratory portal. Patients with traditional in‐person visits (the 2019 control group) and date‐matched TH visits (2020) were compared. In total, 206 new GC appointments occurred in the in‐person group and 184 new appointments occurred in the TH group. The in‐person group was more likely to consent to testing than the TH cohort (92.6% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.003) and had increased rates of sample submission (99.5% vs. 93.75%, p < 0.01), as well as a shorter turn‐around time between their initial appointment and laboratory result reporting (34.24 vs. 20.32 days, p < 0.01). There was no increase in time from initial to follow‐up GC appointments (67.87 days for control, 62.39 days for THs, p = 0.37). With >2.5 years of follow‐up for all study participants, there were no statistically significant differences in pathogenic variant (PV) carrier compliance with screening recommendations. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, use of TH allowed patients to access GC with no significant differences in time between initial consultation and follow‐up. However, in‐person visits were associated with increased patient willingness to consent to and complete genetic testing. This work offers a nuanced look at the success of TH GC during the pandemic and follow‐up with screening recommendations, while offering future opportunities to address the acceptance of testing as GC is practiced in a virtual or hybrid model.
Improvement in male pelvis magnetic resonance image contouring following radiologist‐delivered training
Authors: Oar Bronwyn , Brown Amy , Newman Glen , Boles Alan , Rumley Christopher N. , Doyle Rachel , Baines John , Tan Alex 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MRL) combines both magnetic resonance imaging and a linear accelerator, allowing for daily treatment adaptation. This study aimed to assess the impact of radiologist‐delivered training in magnetic resonance (MR) contouring of relevant structures within the male pelvis.MethodsTwo radiation oncologists, two radiation oncology registrars and seven radiation therapists completed contouring on 10 male pelvis MR datasets both pre‐ and post‐training. A 2‐hour MR anatomy training session was delivered by a radiologist, who also provided the ‘gold standard’ contours. The pre‐ and post‐training contours were compared against the gold standard with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distances calculated; and the pre‐ and post‐confidence scores and timing were compared.ResultsThe improvement in DSC were significant in prostate, rectum and seminal vesicles, with a post‐training median DSC of 0.87 ± 0.06, 0.92 ± 0.04 and 0.80 ± 0.14, respectively. The median Hausdorff improved with a median of 1.46 ± 0.78 mm, 0.52 ± 0.32 mm and 1.11 ± 0.86 mm for prostate, rectum and seminal vesicles, respectively. Bladder concordance was high both pre‐ and post‐training. Urethra contours improved post‐training, however, remained difficult to contour with a median post‐DSC of 0.51 ± 0.24. Overall, confidence scoring improved (P < 0.001) and timing decreased by an average of 4.4 ± 16.4 min post‐training.ConclusionRadiologist‐delivered training improved concordance of male pelvis contouring on MR datasets. Further work is required in the identification of urethra on MRs. These findings are of importance in the MRL adaptive workflow.
Association mapping of plant structure and yield traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Abuzayed Mazen A. , Baytar Asena A. , Yanar Ertuğrul G. , Doğanlar Sami , Frary Anne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop with high protein content. Tens of thousands of faba bean accessions are available in germplasm collections throughout the world. Morphological characterization of these materials can enrich these collections and aid in the selection of genotypes for use in breeding programs.ResultsIn this study, 26 morphological characters were analyzed for 61 faba bean landraces and 53 cultivars over two seasons in Izmir, Turkey. The genotypes had high diversity for several yield traits including number of pods per plant, dry seed yield, and 100‐seed weight. Association mapping was conducted for the morphological characters using 651 alleles from 100 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and a general linear model based on the Q matrix. A false discovery rate of 0.20 was used to test the significance of marker–trait associations resulting in 75 loci detected for 20 of the morphological characters (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionOverall, 44% of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were for seed traits, with 24%, 15%, and 17% of QTL identified for vegetative, inflorescence, and pod traits, respectively. The phenotypic data and marker–trait associations generated by this work can help breeding programs in the selection and improvement of faba bean.
Anti‐inflammatory activity of β‐glucans from different sources before and after fermentation by fecal bacteria in vitro
Authors: Cheng Jing , Zhang Guangwen , Liu Liu , Luo Jianming , Peng Xichun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDβ‐Glucans are widely sourced and have various physiological effects, including anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the strength of the anti‐inflammatory activity of β‐glucans from different sources remains unknown due to the lack of rapid and effective biomarkers. This study therefore aimed to screen out the β‐glucans with strong anti‐inflammatory activity from five different sources and to further screen out possible biomarkers in metabolites after fermenting the β‐glucans with gut microorganisms.RESULTSThe results showed that all five β‐glucans inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pro‐inflammatory mediators and suppressed the mRNA expression level of TLR4/MyD88. Their anti‐inflammatory mechanisms involved the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppression of mRNA expression of the NF‐κB pathway and JNK pathway. Among them, barley β‐glucan exhibited the strongest anti‐inflammatory effect, followed by Ganoderma lucidum β‐glucan. Enhanced anti‐inflammatory activity of β‐glucan was found after fermentation and may be related to the increased abundance of metabolites such as vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid. They were strongly positively correlated to the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, suggesting that the production of those metabolites may be responsible for the flourishing of the beneficial bacteria.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, barley was a preferred raw material for the preparation of β‐glucans with strong anti‐inflammatory activity. Vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the possible biomarkers that could be utilized to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect of β‐glucans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.