bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar affects the distribution of phosphorus in the soil profile by changing the capacity of soil to adsorb phosphorus and its distribution within soil macroaggregates
Authors: Liu Suying , Cao Dianyun , Hang Yuwei , Ge Shaohua , He Wanying , Zhan Zengyi , He Tianyi , Chen Wenfu , Lan Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA large number of studies suggested that biochar can affect the adsorption of phosphorus (P) in soil and the distribution of P in soil aggregates, but it is still unclear whether biochar can indirectly affect the distribution of P in soil profiles through the influence of these two factors. Therefore, the ability of maize straw biochar to mitigate the risk of loss of P and improve the distribution of P in soil profile was evaluated by studying the capacity of soil to adsorb P from the soil and distribution fractions of it in diverse grain‐sized aggregates of soil. A 5‐year field trial site had received NPK fertilizer inputs at the same rate and one‐time biochar inputs at different rates (0, 15.75, 31.5 and 47.25 t ha−1) at the beginning of the experiment. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were fitted to the sorption data of the soil and suggested that the applicataion of biochar can promote P absorption capacity of soil, particularly when the rates of biochar applied were 31.5 and 47.25 t ha−1. Biochar can improve the stability of soil aggregates, and aggregates with particle sizes of 0.25–2 mm have the highest relative rate of contribution to various fractions of P in the soil. Biochar can promote the accumulation of most of the P fractions in soil aggregates, particularly when the rates of biochar applied were 31.5 and 47.25 t ha−1. The TP, Ca2‐P, Al‐P, Ca8‐P, moderately labile organic phosphorus (MLOP) and moderately resistant organic phosphorus (MROP) were primarily distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Biochar increased the contents of MLOP and highly resistant organic phosphorus in the soil layer of 0–20 cm while reducing the contents of Al‐P, Fe‐P and occluded phosphorus (O‐P) in the soil layer of 0–20 cm and decreased the contents of TP, Ca8‐P, O‐P and MROP under the 20 cm soil layers. Biochar can change the distribution of P fractions along the soil profile by improving the adsorption of soil P and its distribution in the soil aggregates (0–20 cm).
Efficient Synthetic Aperture for Phaseless Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy with Hybrid Coherent and Incoherent Illumination
Authors: Fan Yao , Sun Jiasong , Shu Yefeng , Zhang Zuxin , Zheng Guoan , Chen Wenjian , Zhang Jin , Gui Kun , Wang Kehui , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a computational high‐throughput technique for high‐resolution and wide field‐of‐view (FOV) imaging applications such as cell biology, medicine screening, and digital pathology. By integrating angle‐varied illumination, iteration phase retrieval, and synthetic aperture, it achieves a significantly enhanced imaging resolution beyond the diffraction limit of the objective lens while retaining its original large FOV without any mechanical movement. However, sufficient data redundancy is a prerequisite for the convergence of the iteration algorithm, which in turn requires dozens or even hundreds of raw images to get a decent resolution, leaving ample room for further improvement. In this paper, an efficient synthetic aperture scheme for FPM is proposed, termed ESA‐FPM. It employs both coherent and incoherent illuminations to maximize the efficiency of data utilization and achieve high spatial‐bandwidth product (SBP) reconstruction with few acquisitions. The data redundancy requirements are further analyzed, suggesting that ESA‐FPM reaches imaging resolution of using only seven images. The experiment with USAF target demonstrates that ESA‐FPM achieves theoretical resolution with only 1.6% of the data of conventional FPM. A customized miniaturized ESA‐FPM system with a high‐numerical‐aperture, low‐magnification objective lens, and a high‐brightness LED array is built, demonstrating its potential for biomedical and pathological applications.
Do incentives work to motivate voluntary blood donation?
Authors: Gong Yuwen , Dai Ying , Ma Zujun , Li Jianguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBased on previous research on blood donation incentives, we investigated the effectiveness of two incentives—eligibility for free blood transfusions and improving individual credit scores—and explored the psychological mechanisms underlying these effects. We conducted four studies to explore the relationship between incentives and blood donation intention. The results showed that eligibility for free blood transfusions was more effective than improving individual credit scores due to the mediating effect of perceived attractiveness. Meanwhile, improving individual credit scores failed to play an effective role and was significantly lower than eligibility for free blood transfusions due to the mediating effect of perceived threat to freedom. We further found that after adding the moderating variable of involvement, there was no difference between the two incentives due to the weakened mediating effects of perceived threat to freedom and perceived attractiveness in the high‐involvement group. This study establishes two effect paths from incentives to perceived threat to freedom/perceived attractiveness to blood donation intention, explaining the effectiveness of incentives.
Atorvastatin shows antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma development by inhibiting angiogenesis via TGF‐β1/pERK signaling pathway
Authors: Deza Zahira , Caimi Giselle Romero , Noelia Miret , Coli Lucia , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Alvarez Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of liver tumors. Statins may reduce HCC incidence. Its antitumor activities may be mediated by disrupting several hepatocarcinogenic pathways. To evaluate in vivo and in vitro the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic action of atorvastatin (AT) in the development of HCC as well as its mechanisms of action. In vivo model: hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used to promote the development of HCC in Balb/C nude mice. Number of hepatic tumor, liver cell proliferation parameters (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), angiogenesis, and VEGF levels were analyzed. In vitro model: Hep‐G2 and Ea‐hy926 cells were used to evaluate the effect of different doses of AT on HCB induced cell proliferation, migration, and vasculogenesis and to analyze proliferative parameters. In vivo: AT prevented liver growth and tumor development and inhibited PCNA, TGF‐β1, and pERK levels increase. AT prevented skin blood vessel formation. In vitro, AT prevented cell proliferation and migration as well as tubular formation in the endothelial cell line by inhibiting the MAPK ERK pathway. We were able to demonstrate the potential AT antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects in an HCC model and the involvement of TGF‐β1 and pERK pathways.
Higher Early Marine Mortality of Steelhead Associated with Releases of Hatchery Coho Salmon but Not Chinook Salmon
Authors: Malick Michael J. , Moore Megan E. , Berejikian Barry A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding the drivers of mortality during critical life history periods is an important part of increasing our capacity to rebuild depressed salmonid populations. For threatened steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in Puget Sound, Washington, early marine predation has been implicated as a key source of mortality. Yet, the agents that mediate predation pressure are poorly understood. In this study, we characterize abundances of juvenile Coho Salmon O. kisutch and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in Puget Sound and relate these abundance patterns to weekly steelhead survival to better understand whether pulses of hatchery-released salmonids mediate steelhead survival. We found that weekly abundances of hatchery Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon smolts vary by several orders of magnitude across weeks, indicating that large resource pulses are available to salmonid predators. We further found that weekly steelhead survival was significantly negatively related to abundances of hatchery-released Coho Salmon but not Chinook Salmon, which had considerably smaller body sizes than both Coho Salmon and steelhead smolts. Together, our results suggest that releases of Coho Salmon into Puget Sound mediate mortality of steelhead smolts, possibly via increased predation pressure by shared predators.
Hypothalamic hypernatremic myopathy: A single‐center case series
Authors: Li Qingjie , Bao Lei , Liu Meirong , Zhang Ruixue , Shi Hongjuan , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsHypernatremia myopathy is a rare disease often unrecognized by clinicians. This study aimed to present a case series of hypernatremic myopathy with an emphasis on profiling its clinical characteristics and exploring its pathogenesis.MethodsWe reviewed seven patients with hypernatremic myopathy and reported their demographic data, etiology, clinical manifestations, and laboratory and electrophysiological characteristics. A muscle biopsy was performed on one patient.ResultsAll patients had hypothalamic lesions as the cause of the hypernatremia including craniopharyngioma, germinoma, pituitary adenoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and glioma. The clinical manifestations varied from mild weakness to complete paralysis. Myalgia and muscle cramps were also observed. Four of the patients had rhabdomyolysis on admission and developed acute kidney injury. All patients had markedly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and sodium levels. There was a significant positive correlation between serum sodium and CK levels. A high prevalence of hypopituitarism in different axes was observed in our study. Central hypogonadism (5 of 7), central hypothyroidism (3 of 7), and central diabetes insipidus (3 of 7) were the most common manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction. Myopathic changes were observed on needle electromyography. The muscle biopsy of one patient showed diffuse necrotic fibers and scattered hypercontracted fibers with increased ragged red fibers.DiscussionHypernatremia myopathy should be considered in hypernatremic patients with muscle weakness and myalgia. Rhabdomyolysis frequently occurs and may lead to acute kidney injury in hypernatremia myopathy. Testing of hormone levels and performance of brain magnetic resonance imaging for possible hypothalamic lesions is strongly recommended.
Analytical solution for axisymmetric consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation incorporating permeable columns and impermeable columns
Authors: Gong Jiaming , Qin Aifang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractComposite foundation is a widely used foundation treatment technology in geotechnical engineering. This study are derived governing equations to axisymmetric consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation (USCF) incorporating permeable columns and impermeable columns under instantaneous loading, and obtained the final solutions of excess pore pressures (EPPs) by using mathematical methods such as the variable separation, decoupling, finite Hankel transform and its inverse transform. The analytical solution obtained under free strain conditions is more general and representative, as it can be readily degraded to solutions for a variety of consolidation models and the EPPs can be conveniently calculated at any point in the calculation cell. Through degrading proposed solutions to the special case to verify their correctness, the comparative results were found well‐matched to the existing literature solutions. The effect of various parameters on the consolidation performance of USCF was analyzed, where the studied parameters include the compression modulus of columns, radius ratio for permeable columns, and the number of impermeable columns. The results show that increasing the compression modulus and area replacement rates of columns can accelerate consolidation and reduce settlement, and the latter is more effective. Compared to reinforced composite foundations with only a single form of the permeable or impermeable column, the combination of permeable and impermeable columns can significantly shorten the consolidation time and enhance the bearing capacity of the unsaturated ground.
Relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: The parallel mediating roles of diabetes distress and social isolation
Authors: Lee Eun‐Hyun , Lee Young Whee , Chae Duckhee , Kang Eun Hee , Kang Hyun‐Jung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL)] directly, and indirectly via diabetes distress and social isolation in people with type 2 diabetes.DesignA secondary analysis of 524 participant's data derived from a cross‐sectional, correlational study with people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were analysed using the PROCESS macro of SPSS.ResultsType D personality was present in 31.3% of the participants, and exerted a direct effect on HRQOL but not on HbA1c. Type D personality indirectly affected both HbA1c and HRQOL via the mediators of diabetes distress and social isolation. Nurses need to monitor people with type 2 diabetes to determine whether Type D personality is present. Those with Type D personality should be provided with interventions to reduce diabetes distress and alleviate social isolation in order to improve HbA1c and HRQOL.
Where does the time go when children don't sleep? A randomized crossover study
Authors: Morrison Silke , Haszard Jillian J. , Galland Barbara C. , Jackson Rosie , Meredith‐Jones Kim A. , Elder Dawn E. , Taylor Rachael W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe how mild sleep deprivation in children changes time spent physically active and sedentary.MethodsIn 2018 through 2020, children (n = 105) with normal sleep were randomized to go to bed 1 hour earlier (extension) or 1 hour later (restriction) than their usual bedtime for 1 week, each separated by a 1‐week washout. Twenty‐four‐hour movement behaviors were measured with waist‐worn actigraphy and expressed in minutes and proportions (percentages). Mixed‐effects regression models determined mean differences in time use (95% CI) between conditions. Time gained from sleep lost that was reallocated to other movement behaviors in the 24‐hour day was modeled using regression.ResultsChildren (n = 96) gained ~49 minutes of awake time when sleep was restricted compared with extended. This time was mostly reallocated to sedentary behavior (28 minutes; 95% CI: 19‐37), followed by physical activity (22 minutes; 95% CI: 14‐30). When time was expressed as a percentage, the overall composition of movement behavior remained similar across both sleep conditions.ConclusionsChildren were not less physically active when mildly sleep deprived. Time gained from sleeping less was proportionally, rather than preferentially, reallocated to sedentary time and physical activity. These findings suggest that decreased physical activity seems unlikely to explain the association between short sleep and obesity in children.
Rheological and optical response of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose under variable temperatures for optical switching based on thermo‐optical effect
Authors: Stoica Iuliana , Buruiana Luminita Ioana , Albu Raluca Marinica , Soroceanu Marius , Barzic Andreea Irina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to investigate novel aspects of the rheological and optical response of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a result of temperature variations from 308.15 to 338.15 K. First, new insights on correlation between the solution flow behavior and the film thickness uniformity, under distinct temperatures, are established. Then, the HPMC film is examined from the point of view of some basic surface parameters describing the surface morphology, such as root mean square roughness, surface area ratio, texture direction index, kurtosis, skewness and surface bearing index. The refraction properties of HPMC are reported for the first time as a function of wavelength and temperature. The changes in the optical dispersion parameters as a function of temperature increase reveal the reduction of strength of interband optical transitions from 15.147 to 14.086 eV and a smaller band gap from 6.475 to 6.137 eV. The latter is caused by temperature‐induced dilatation of the polymer lattice and its effect on the electron–lattice interactions. The thermo‐optic coefficient of HPMC is found to be larger than that of other polymers, while its dependence on the wavelength is small, varying from −2.03 × 10−4 K−1 at 489 nm to −2.31 × 10−4 K−1. The resulted properties are corresponding to the demands imposed for materials used in optical switching based on thermo‐optical effect.
High flexible additively manufactured nanocomposite textiles with desirable thermoelectric properties
Authors: Karimian Afifeh , Valipouri Afsaneh , Amouhadi Iman , Badrossamay Mohsen , Alsharif Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract3D printing can be a promising approach for depositing polymers onto textiles. Printable materials with good mechanical flexibility; can be used for wearable thermoelectric devices that convert body heat energy into electricity. In this research, first, polypropylene filament was produced. The produced polypropylene filament was printed on polypropylene fabric with different parameters of printing speed, the number of layers, layer thickness, deposition angle, and extruder temperature. A peeling test evaluated the adhesion strength of polymer layers printed on polypropylene fabric. The results showed that a single layer printed with the average printing speed (50 mm/min), the highest extruder temperature (194°C), the medium layer thickness (0.3 mm), and the deposition angle Equal to a Zero degree had a higher peeling force. The cross‐sectional morphology of the printed layer on the fabric; was also investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). To achieve thermoelectric properties, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/copper oxide nanoparticles/polypropylene nanocomposite filament were produced and printed on the fabric by a 3D printer using FDM technology. The mechanical properties of the filaments; were investigated, and filaments were characterized by FE‐SEM, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter. Then the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of nanocomposite filaments and printed layer on the fabric were measured. The electrical conductivity of the masterbatch, the nanocomposite filament, and the printed layer; was 1.667 × 5−10 s/cm, 2.586 × 6−10 s/cm, and 3.42 × 7−10 s/cm, respectively. Also, the Seebeck coefficient of masterbatch, the filament, and the polymer layer printed on the fabric; were 489, 430, and 220 μv/k, respectively.
High Performance Thermoplastic Energetic Composites Using Fluorinated Energetic Polyurethanes as Binder
Authors: Tang Gang , Wang Dongli , Chen Chunyan , Luo Yunjun , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe performance of energetic composite materials is largely dependent on the energy level and combustion process. The fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder can facilitate the combustion of metallic fuels and enhance the energy level of the energetic composites. In the current report, two kinds of thermoplastic energetic composites are prepared, based on novel fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder and also with aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) and ammonium perchlorate (AP). Compared with the energetic composites with fluorine‐free energetic polyurethane binder, despite the very low fluorine content, the fluorine‐containing energetic composites not only showed higher density, lower mechanical sensitivity, much higher mechanical toughness, but also a significantly improved combustion efficiency and combustion rate of the AlNPs.
Expression of high molecular weight cytokeratin—A novel feature of aggressive and innate hormone‐refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Jiajie G. , Lo Emily T. , Williams Cleandrea , Ma Brian , Sherrod Andy E. , Xiao Guang‐Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCastration‐resistance is common in advanced prostatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and usually occurs after 2 years following treatment. A minority of PACs confer innate ADT resistance without prior hormonal treatment. The expression of HMWCK in PAC cells has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic features of HMWCK‐expressing PACs and the relationship to ADT resistance.MethodsA total of 469 PACs were studied for HMWCK expression (39 postradiotherapy, 57 post‐ADT, 373 treatment‐naïve PACs). Clinicopathologic correlations of the HMWCK expression with tumor grade groups, specific tumor morphologies, tumor stages and disease recurrence/persistence/progression were performed. Five HMWCK+ PACs were also sequenced for genetic alterations.ResultsThirty one of the 469 cases (6.6%) showed variable HMWCK+ PAC. The HMWCK+ PAC often focally presented in the tumor and vast majority were associated with high Gleason scores and unfavorable growth patterns (cribriform, comedo‐necrosis, and intraductal carcinoma) as well as high tumor stages. A small percentage of the HMWCK+ PCA (2/31, 6.5%) presented with frank squamous histomorphology. Vast majority (22/31, 87%) had no history of prior ADT. The HMWCK+ PAC all displayed diminished to lost expression of AR/NKX3.1. Most of the cases progressed within 12 months of ADT or disease persisted despite ADT. Of the 5 HMWCK+ PACs subjected to gene sequencing, 4 presented with PTEN/PI3K/MAPK pathway alterations.ConclusionThe study demonstrated HMWCK+ PAC to be a novel type of innate ADT‐resistant PAC. Overexpression of HMWCK in PAC can be potentially used as a surrogate biomarker for aggressive and innate hormone‐refractory PACs. The genetic alterations imply potential therapeutic implications of PI3K/MAPK inhibitors in the treatment of these deadly diseases.
Probabilistic cloud mask from visible and infrared sensors on‐board geostationary platform
Authors: Ojha Satya P. , Singh Randhir , Dube Nitant 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a novel technique for developing a probabilistic cloud mask using sensors on a geostationary platform. The clear‐sky probability of a pixel is estimated using the past 45 days' observations by making use of the Gaussian mixture model, spectral clustering, and Bayes' theorem. The proposed cloud‐masking algorithm is applied on INSAT‐3D imager observations for the whole years 2017 and 2018. The INSAT‐3D imager cloud mask generated using the proposed method is compared against the Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MYD35 cloud‐mask product. The skill of the algorithm, against the MODIS cloud‐mask product, is evaluated for day and night as well as for land and ocean separately. Overall, the Kuipers skill score (KSS) is found to be 0.82. The best performance of the algorithm is obtained during daytime over the land with .