bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into the changes of enzyme activity in food processing under microwave irradiation
Authors: Cao Hongwei , Wang Xiaoxue , Liu Jing , Sun Zhu , Yu Zhiquan , Battino Maurizio , El‐Seedi Hesham , Guan Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrowave (MW) and enzyme catalysis are two emerging processing tools in the field of food industry. Recently, MW has been widely utilized as a novel type of green and safe heating energy. However, the effect of MW irradiation on enzyme activity is not described clearly. The intrinsic mechanisms behind enzyme activation and inactivation remain obscure. To apply better MW to the field of enzyme catalysis, it is essential to gain insights into the mechanism of MW action on enzyme activity. This review summarizes the changes in various enzyme activity during food processing, especially under MW irradiation. The intrinsic mechanism of thermal and nonthermal effects of MW irradiation was analyzed from the perspective of enzyme reaction kinetics and spatial structure. MW irradiation temperature is a vital parameter affecting the catalytic activity of enzymes. Activation of the enzyme activity is achieved even at high MW power when the enzyme is operating at its optimum temperature. However, when the temperature exceeds the optimum temperature, the enzyme activity is inhibited. In addition to MW dielectric heating effect, nonthermal MW effects also alter the microenvironment of reactive system. Taken together, enzyme activity is influenced by both thermal and nonthermal MW effects.
Chemical compositions and sleep‐promoting activities of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties
Authors: Min Byungjick , Ahn Yejin , Cho Hyeok‐Jun , Kwak Woong‐Kwon , Jo Kyungae , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmong natural products with sleep‐promoting activity, hops have been used since ancient times as a tranquilizer and hypnotic agent. This study investigated the sleep‐promoting effects of extracts of various hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties in invertebrate and vertebrate models. The content of α‐acids, β‐acids, and xanthohumol was higher in hop 70% alcohol extracts than in hop hot water extracts. Among the alcohol extracts, Citra contained a high α‐acid content (229.32 µg/mg), while Saphir showed high β‐acid and xanthohumol content (66.37 and 4.23 µg/mg, respectively). In Drosophila melanogaster, Simcoe and Mosaic water extracts and Saphir and Simcoe alcohol extracts significantly increased total nighttime sleep. Total sleep time of mice with pentobarbital‐induced sleep was significantly increased by Simcoe and Mosaic water extracts and Saphir and Simcoe ethanol extracts compared to the normal group. Oral administration of Simcoe water extract and Saphir alcohol extract improved sleep in the caffeine‐induced insomnia model and upregulated the mRNA expression of GABAA (gamma 2 subunit) and GABAB receptors in mouse brains. Additionally, Saphir alcohol extract significantly increased the GABA content in mouse brains. Simcoe water extract and Saphir ethanol extract modulated GABAergic signaling to improve sleep‐related behaviors, including sleep duration.
Chitosan‐coated nanoliposomes for the enhanced stability of walnut angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide
Authors: Cao Shinuo , Hao Jing , Wang Yuzhen , Zhou Xin , Wang Fengjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study encapsulated walnut angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides within nanoliposomes and then modified them with chitosan. The resulting effect of the nanoliposome loading and chitosan coating on physicochemical characteristics, stability, bioactivity, chemical structure, and morphology of the encapsulated peptides was assessed. The resulting particle size and polymer dispersity index revealed that the chitosan‐coated nanoliposomes loaded with walnut ACE inhibitory peptides (WAIP) (CL‐P) exhibited higher physical stability compared with the nanoliposomes loaded with WAIP (L‐P). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of CL‐P increased from 73.32% to 76.13% after chitosan modification, and the EE of L‐P and CL‐P could be maintained by storage at 4°C. In addition, the antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity of the peptides were effectively protected by L‐P and CL‐P during storage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the nanoliposomes were bound in ionic form with both the peptides and chitosan. Transmission electron micrographs indicated the presence of vesicle‐like carriers with a reservoir‐type structure. This study highlights the potential of nanoliposomes and their modification with chitosan to increase the stability and bioactivity retention of ACE inhibitory peptides.Practical ApplicationChitosan‐coated nanoliposomes loaded with walnut ACE inhibitory peptides were prepared in this study. Chitosan coating increased nanoliposomes’ encapsulation efficiency and provided higher physical stability. In addition, the bioactivity of the walnut ACE peptides was effectively protected during storage. This study was relevant for improving the storage and transportation used for nanoliposome systems applied in the food and health product industry.
Evaluation of the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on vacuum far‐infrared drying characteristics and quality of Angelica sinensis based on entropy weight‐coefficient of variation method
Authors: Zang Zepeng , Huang Xiaopeng , Zhang Qian , Jiang Chunhui , Wang Tongxun , Shang Jianwei , He Cuncai , Wan Fangxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment time, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic frequency on the drying characteristics and physicochemical quality of Angelica sinensis, and the physicochemical quality content was selected as the evaluation index, the entropy weight‐coefficient of variation method was used to calculate the coupling weight and comprehensive score, and the weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method was used to verify the evaluation model. The results showed that the drying rate of materials after ultrasonic treatment was increased by 22.48% to 93.26%, and the effective moisture diffusivity was in the range between 4.6831 × 10−9 and 7.0722 × 10−9 m2/s, and the drying activation energy was 31.90 kJ/mol. The energy consumption decreased by 5.75% to 25.88%. Compared with the samples without the ultrasonic pretreatment, the chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, 3‐butenylphthalide, ligustilide, polysaccharides, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of A. sinensis were increased after ultrasonic treatment, and the color, rehydration ratio, shrinkage ratio, and microstructure of dried products were improved significantly (p < 0.05). However, the quality of the dried products decreased after ultrasonic treatment for 40 min with an ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz, and the internal tissue structure was destroyed. In summary, ultrasonic pretreatment at low frequency and high power can significantly increase the drying rate and improve the physicochemical quality of dried products.
Estimating the impact of a police education program on hepatitis C virus transmission and disease burden among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico: A dynamic modeling analysis
Authors: Rivera Saldana Carlos D. , Abramovitz Daniela , Beletsky Leo , Borquez Annick , Kiene Susan , Marquez Lara K. , Patton Thomas , Strathdee Steffanie , Zúñiga María Luisa , Martin Natasha K. , Cepeda Javier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsCriminalization of drug use and punitive policing are key structural drivers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk among people who inject drugs (PWID). A police education program (Proyecto Escudo) delivering training on occupational safety together with drug law content was implemented between 2015 and 2016 in Tijuana, Mexico, to underpin drug law reform implementation. We used data from a longitudinal cohort of PWID in Tijuana to inform epidemic modeling and assess the long‐term impact of Escudo on HCV transmission and burden among PWID in Tijuana.MethodsWe developed a dynamic, compartmental model of HCV transmission and incarceration among PWID and tracked liver disease progression among current and former PWID. The model was calibrated to data from Tijuana, Mexico, with 90% HCV seroprevalence. We used segmented regression analysis to estimate impact of Escudo on recent incarceration among an observational cohort of PWID. By simulating the observed incarceration trends, we estimated the potential impact of the implemented (2‐year reduction in incarceration) and an extended (10‐year reduction in incarceration) police education program over a 50‐year follow‐up (2016–2066) on HCV outcomes (incidence, cirrhosis, HCV‐related deaths and disability adjusted life‐years averted) compared with no intervention.ResultsOver the 2‐year follow‐up, Proyecto Escudo reduced HCV incidence among PWID from 21.5 per 100 person years (/100py) (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 15.3–29.7/100py) in 2016 to 21.1/100py (UI = 15.0–29.1/100py) in 2018. If continued for 10 years, Escudo could reduce HCV incidence to 20.0/100py (14.0–27.8/100py) by 2026 and avert 186 (32–389) new infections, 76 (UI = 12–160) cases of cirrhosis and 32 (5–73) deaths per 10 000 PWID compared with no intervention over a 50‐year time horizon.ConclusionsIn Tijuana, Mexico, implementation of a police education program delivering training on occupational safety and drug law content appears to have reduced hepatitis C virus incidence among people who inject drugs.
Extreme Liquidity Risk and the Cross‐Section of Expected Returns: Evidence from China*
Authors: Hu Zhijun , Sun Ping‐Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether extreme liquidity risk is priced in the China A‐shares market. We find that the market extreme liquidity risk significantly and negatively predicts market returns up to 9 months. In addition, the extreme liquidity risk beta of individual stocks commands a positive monthly premium of 0.75%. Moreover, our findings show that the extreme liquidity risk beta can subsume the tail risk beta in predicting stock returns. Furthermore, our findings show that both the potential selling pressures caused by insiders and by institutional investors significantly and positively influence an individual stock's extreme liquidity risk beta. We also find that the potential selling pressure component of the extreme liquidity risk beta significantly and positively predicts stock returns. Taken together, our evidence demonstrates that a stock's extreme liquidity risk beta provides a channel through which the stock's potential selling pressure caused by both insiders and institutional investors influences its expected return in the China A‐shares market.
Extracorporeal life support in mitral papillary muscle rupture: Outcome of multicenter study
Authors: Massimi Giulio , Matteucci Matteo , De Bonis Michele , Kowalewski Mariusz , Formica Francesco , Russo Claudio Francesco , Sponga Sandro , Vendramin Igor , Colli Andrea , Falcetta Giosuè , Trumello Cinzia , Carrozzini Massimiliano , Fischlein Theodor , Troise Giovanni , Actis Dato Guglielmo , D'Alessandro Stefano , Nia Peyman Sardari , Lodo Vittoria , Villa Emmanuel , Shah Shabir Hussain , Scrofani Roberto , Binaco Irene , Kalisnik Jurij Matija , Pettinari Matteo , Thielmann Matthias , Meyns Bart , Khouqeer Fareed A. , Fino Carlo , Simon Caterina , Severgnini Paolo , Kowalowka Adam , Deja Marek A. , Ronco Daniele , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost‐acute myocardial infarction papillary muscle rupture (post‐AMI PMR) may present variable clinical scenarios and degree of emergency due to result of cardiogenic shock. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal life support (V‐A ECLS) has been proposed to improve extremely poor pre‐ or postoperative conditions. Information in this respect is scarce.MethodsFrom the CAUTION (meChanical complicAtion of acUte myocardial infarcTion: an InternatiOnal multiceNter cohort study) database (16 different Centers, data from 2001 to 2018), we extracted adult patients who were surgically treated for post‐AMI PMR and underwent pre‐ or/and postoperative V‐A ECLS support. The end‐points of this study were in‐hospital survival and ECLS complications.ResultsFrom a total of 214 post‐AMI PMR patients submitted to surgery, V‐A ECLS was instituted in 23 (11%) patients. The median age was 61.7 years (range 46–81 years). Preoperatively, ECLS was commenced in 10 patients (43.5%), whereas intra/postoperative in the remaining 13. The most common V‐A ECLS indication was post‐cardiotomy shock, followed by preoperative cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. The median duration of V‐A ECLS was 4 days. V‐A ECLS complications occurred in more than half of the patients. Overall, in‐hospital mortality was 39.2% (9/23), compared to 22% (42/219) for the non‐ECLS group.ConclusionsIn post‐AMI PMR patients, V‐A ECLS was used in almost 10% of the patients either to promote bridge to surgery or as postoperative support. Further investigations are required to better evaluate a potential for increased use and its effects of V‐A ECLS in such a context based on the still high perioperative mortality.
Are there any differences in the corporate social responsibility strategy of fruit and vegetable production‐commercialization cooperatives and other companies operating in southeastern Spain?
Authors: Martos‐Pedrero Antonio , Belmonte‐Ureña Luis J. , Cortés‐García Francisco Joaquín 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCustomers, civil organizations, the media, and society demand that companies behave in ways beyond regulatory requirements concerning social and environmental issues. Therefore, companies are striving to adapt to these new requirements and to express their commitment to stakeholders through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy. The values and principles of cooperatives make them ideal for responsible business management within the framework of CSR. Almeria is a province in southeastern Spain and it is one of the areas with the highest concentration of agribusiness in Europe. This paper aims to empirically verify whether the CSR orientation of agricultural cooperatives in this province are greater than that of other companies because of the application of these principles. Or, if globalization and competition is pushing these organizations to abandon their principles and values while losing their distinctive identity. A cluster analysis was applied to a representative sample of 107 fruit and vegetable production‐commercialization companies, and this included five dimensions of study applying the stakeholder theory: partners, employees, customers, farmers, and the environment. According to their legal form, we concluded that these entities do not significantly differ in their corporate social responsibility strategy. The Mann‐Whitney nonparametric analysis indicates that only the employee dimension shows significant differences depending on the legal form.
Computational and structural insights into the pre‐ and post‐hydrolysis states of bovine multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1
Authors: Tóth Ágota , Crespi Veronica , Janaszkiewicz Angelika , Di Meo Florent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractATP‐binding cassette C‐family drug membrane transporters play an important role in local pharmacokinetics, that is, drug concentration in cellular compartments. From the structural point of view, only the bovine ortholog of the multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (bMRP1) has been resolved. We here used μs‐scaled molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and dynamics of the bovine multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 in pre‐ and post‐hydrolysis functional states. The present work aims to examine the slight but likely relevant structural differences between pre‐ and post‐hydrolysis states of outward‐facing conformations as well as the interactions between the multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 and the surrounding lipid bilayer. Global conformational dynamics show unfavourable extracellular opening associated with nucleotide‐binding domain dimerization indicating that the post‐hydrolysis state adopts a close‐cleft conformation rather than an outward‐open conformation. Our present simulations also highlight persistent interactions with annular cholesterol molecules and the expected active role of lipid bilayer in the allosteric communication between distant domains of the transporter.
Beans with bugs: Covert carnivory and infested seed selection by the red‐nosed cuxiú monkey
Authors: Barnett Adrian A. , dos Santos‐Barnett Tereza Cristina , Muir Jen , Tománek Pavel , Gregory Tremaine , Matte Ana Luiza L. , Bezerra Bruna M. , de Oliveira Tadeu , Norconk Marilyn , Boyle Sarah A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMembers of the Neotropical primate genus Chiropotes eat large volumes of immature seeds. However, such items are often low in available proteins, and digestion of seeds is further inhibited by tannins. This suggests that overall plant‐derived protein intake is relatively low. We examined the presence of insect larvae in partially eaten fruits, compared with intact fruit on trees, and examined fecal pellets for the presence of larvae. We found that red‐nosed cuxiú (Chiropotes albinasus) individuals may supplement their limited seed‐derived protein intake by ingesting seed‐inhabiting insects. Comparison of fruits partially eaten for their seeds with those sampled directly from trees showed that fruits with insect‐containing seeds were positively selected in 20 of the 41 C. albinasus diet items tested, suggesting that fruits with infested seeds are actively selected by foraging animals. We found no differences in accessibility to seeds, that is, no differences in husk penetrability between fruits with infested and uninfested seeds excluding the likelihood that insect‐infestation results in easier access to the seeds in such fruits. Additionally, none of the C. albinasus fecal samples showed any evidence of living pupae or larvae, indicating that infesting larvae are digested. Our findings raise the possibility that these seed‐predating primates might provide net benefits to the plant species they feed on, since they feed from many species of plants and their actions may reduce the populations of seed‐infesting insects.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
ROCK inhibitors in ophthalmology: A critical review of the existing clinical evidence
Authors: Karri Roshan , Chong Elaine W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have emerged as a key therapeutic class of interest in ophthalmology over the last decade. Promising in vitro studies laid the foundations for the development of novel therapeutic agents that target the ROCK signalling pathway in ocular disease, with subsequent clinical trials supporting their use. Corneal endothelial disease, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal disease are the major pathologies in which ROCK inhibitors have been investigated to date. Ripasudil and netarsudil represent the current leaders in this pharmaceutical group, having been extensively validated and approved for use in glaucoma in some countries. Less substantial evidence exists for fasudil in ophthalmic use. ROCK inhibitors are also increasingly used in cultured endothelial cell grafting and as an adjunct to aid in endothelial cell migration and replication in Descemet's stripping procedures or Descemet's membrane injuries. This review has synthesised both established and emerging research to provide a practical guide to prescribing in this drug class. Drug efficacies, side effect profiles, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of appropriate drug candidates are discussed.
Role conflicts of preschool teachers: From children's perspectives in a changing cultural setting in Taiwan
Authors: Su Yuling , Chung Ya‐hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigated children's perspectives on preschool teachers' roles in Taiwan's changing cultural setting. This study attempted to examine how aspects of culture and time are interwoven in children's lives. Data were collected through children's drawings, the photographs they captured and drawing‐photo elicitation interviews. The data were analysed to identify the eight types of teachers' roles and the time points at which the children observed the roles. The children noted that their teachers were ‘regulators’; however, they also discovered teachers' interactive and democratic roles in less structured settings during the time of learning areas and while outdoors.
Factors associated with choice of behavioural weight loss program by adults with obesity
Authors: Jamshidi‐Naeini Yasaman , Roberts Susan B. , Dickinson Stephanie , Owora Arthur , Agley Jon , Zoh Roger S. , Chen Xiwei , Allison David B. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe assessed the preference for two behavioural weight loss programs, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Healthy Weight for Living (HWL) in adults with obesity. A cross‐sectional survey was fielded on the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Eligibility criteria included reporting BMI ≥30 and at least two chronic health conditions. Participants read about the programs, selected their preferred program, and answered follow‐up questions. The estimated probability of choosing either program was not significantly different from .5 (N = 1005, 50.8% DPP and 49.2% HWL, p = .61). Participants' expectations about adherence, weight loss magnitude, and dropout likelihood were associated with their choice (p < .0001). Non‐White participants (p = .040) and those with monthly income greater than $4999 (p = .002) were less likely to choose DPP. Participants who had postgraduate education (p = .007), did not report high serum cholesterol (p = .028), and reported not having tried losing weight before (p = .025) were more likely to choose DPP. Those who chose HWL were marginally more likely to report that being offered two different programs rather than one would likely affect their decision to enrol in one of the two (p = .052). The enrolment into DPP and HWL was balanced, but race, educational attainment, income, previous attempt to lose weight, and serum cholesterol levels had significant associations with the choice of weight loss program.