bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charged fluids in higher order gravity
Authors: Naicker Shavani , Maharaj Sunil D. , Brassel Byron P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe generate the field equations for a charged gravitating perfect fluid in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity for all spacetime dimensions. The spacetime is static and spherically symmetric which gives rise to the charged condition of pressure isotropy that is an Abel differential equation of the second kind. We show that this equation can be reduced to a canonical differential equation that is first order and nonlinear in nature, in higher dimensions. The canonical form admits an exact solution generating algorithm, yielding implicit solutions in general, by choosing one of the potentials and the electromagnetic field. An exact solution to the canonical equation is found that reduces to the neutral model found earlier. In addition, three new classes of solutions arise without specifying the gravitational potentials and the electromagnetic field; instead constraints are placed on the canonical differential equation. This is due to the fact that the presence of the electromagnetic field allows for a greater degree of freedom, and there is no correspondence with neutral matter. Other classes of exact solutions are presented in terms of elementary and special functions (the Heun confluent functions) when the canonical form cannot be applied.
Clonal Hematopoiesis in Young Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Gibson Christopher J. , Fell Geoffrey , Sella Tal , Sperling Adam S. , Snow Craig , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Kirkner Greg , Patel Ashka , Dillon Deborah , Bick Alexander G. , Neuberg Donna , Partridge Ann H. , Miller Peter G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Young women treated for breast cancer with cytotoxic therapies are at risk for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a condition in which blood cells carrying a somatic mutation associated with hematologic malignancy comprise at least 4% of the total blood system. CHIP has primarily been studied in older patient cohorts with limited clinical phenotyping.

Experimental Design:
We performed targeted sequencing on longitudinal blood samples to characterize the clonal hematopoietic landscape of 878 women treated for breast cancer enrolled in the prospective Young Women's Breast Cancer Study.

Results:
We identified somatic driver mutations in 252 study subjects (28.7%), but only 24 (2.7%) had clones large enough to meet criteria for CHIP. The most commonly mutated genes were DNMT3A and TET2, similar to mutations observed in noncancer cohorts. At 9-year median follow-up, we found no association between the presence of a somatic blood mutation (regardless of clone size) and adverse breast cancer (distant relapse-free survival) or non–breast cancer-related outcomes in this cohort. A subset of paired blood samples obtained over 4 years showed no evidence of mutant clonal expansion, regardless of genotype. Finally, we identified a subset of patients with likely germline mutations in genes known to contribute to inherited cancer risk, such as TP53 and ATM.

Conclusions:
Our data show that for young women with early-stage breast cancer, CHIP is uncommon after cytotoxic exposure, is unlikely to contribute to adverse outcomes over the decade-long follow-up and may not require additional monitoring if discovered incidentally.
Perpetuating the Traditional Honour Crimes: The Machinery of the Criminal Justice System and Its Approach toward Honour and Passion Models in the West Bank
Authors: Randall Ayah-Omran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the legislative approach to honour crimes to understand its effect on the judicial approach. This is done through the analysis of Abu Odeh’s argument that posits the legislature as progressive. This paper is a doctrinal analysis of the key articles of the Jordanian Penal Code No. 16 of 1960, still applicable in the West Bank. While Abu Odeh argues that the legislature acts as the progressive harbinger of change through the incorporation of some elements of the crime of passion into the Penal Code, this paper presents a different picture. This picture shows a reality in which the concepts of honour crimes as a form of cultural violence based on traditions and the crime of passion as a form of gender-based violence are conflated by legislators. This becomes apparent in Article 340 which presents a problematic definition of honour and passion which rather than providing clarity conflates the two. The feature of Article 340, in addition to the prevalence of traditional honour in the prosecution of sexual crimes, has led judges to put forth their own interpretation of the provocation defence implied by Article 98 in relation to honour crimes to resist progressive legal reform.
Interannual Variability in the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Modulates the Meridional Migration of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Authors: Zhang Shufen , Zhao Haikun , Klotzbach Philip J. , Jiang Xianan , Chen Guosen , Chen Shaohua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Prior studies have emphasized the influence of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) on basin-scale and global-scale tropical cyclones (TCs). An improved understanding of the BSISO’s impact on TCs at various climate time scales will likely lead to improved subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. This study explores the impact of BSISO interannual variability on western North Pacific (WNP) TCs. We find that interannual meridional variability in the BSISO modulates the meridional migration of WNP TC genesis and is related to changes in BSISO phase structure. These structural changes are characterized by occurrence frequency changes for individual BSISO phases between the equatorial region over the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO)–Maritime Continent (MC) and the subtropical region over the South China Sea (SCS)–western Pacific. This interannual north–south change of the BSISO appears to be associated with changes in sea surface temperature over the MC region and WNP mid-to-low-tropospheric moisture advection, mainly via remote forcing of a Gill-type Rossby response to BSISO convection and a large meridional asymmetry of the low-level background moisture distribution. During years with increased BSISO residence time over the subtropical SCS–western Pacific, more TCs occur over the northern WNP due to TC-favorable BSISO-associated convection and circulation. In contrast, more TCs occur over the southern WNP in years with increased BSISO convection residence time over the equatorial EIO–MC. We find that the increase in frequency of BSISO phase occurrence over the subtropical SCS–western Pacific since the late 1990s has potentially contributed to a recent poleward shift of WNP TC genesis.
Interannual Variability of the Mass-Weighted Isentropic Zonal Mean Meridional Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere Winter
Authors: Kuramochi Masaya , Ueda Hiroaki , Iwasaki Toshiki , Takaya Koutarou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The atmospheric general circulation diagnosed by the mass-weighted isentropic zonal mean exhibits an extratropical direct (ETD) circulation driven by eddy momentum transport. We investigated regional atmospheric modulations associated with the year-to-year variability of ETD circulation in boreal winter using a reanalysis dataset. Composite analyses showed that the interannual variability of ETD circulation accompanies a seesaw-like variation between the Aleutian low (AL) and Icelandic low (IL), which coincides with the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern and North Atlantic dipole anomaly. A diagnosis using isentropic airmass fluxes representing the geographical Lagrangian mean motion indicated that the significant intensification of upper-tropospheric poleward warm airflow over the eastern North Pacific is responsible for the enhanced ETD circulation, together with the intensified equatorward lower cold airflow over East Asia and eastern North America. The resulting enhanced upward propagation of the stationary planetary waves corresponds to the intensification of the divergence of the Eliassen–Palm flux, which explains the modulated ETD circulation in view of the balance between the Coriolis force and eddy momentum flux convergence. These results suggest that the AL–IL seesaw promotes variations in the global general circulation, and the anomalous ETD circulation interacts with several teleconnection patterns involving the modulation of planetary waves through anomalous meridional heat transport by the basinwide-scale eddies.
Trust in cancer information and source preference in later life
Authors: Rosenberg Dennis 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine the association between older adults’ trust in cancer information and their preference for sources of this type of information. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The USA. Method: The data were obtained from Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 4 (2020). The sample included older Internet users ( N = 1,223). Results: Higher trust in cancer information from doctors and from religious organisations and leaders, as well as lower trust in cancer information from government health agencies and charitable organisations related to a greater preference for doctors. Greater preference for the Internet was a function of lower trust in cancer information from doctors and higher trust in cancer information from government health agencies. Finally, lower trust in cancer information from doctors and higher trust in cancer information from charitable organisations were associated with greater preference for cancer organisations as a primary source of cancer information. Conclusion: The results imply that doctors represent an source of cancer information, trust in which plays an important role with respect to preference for other sources. The results generally suggest that the trust older adults put in cancer information from different sources appears as a major predictor of their preference for the source of this information.
Assessing the role of gender-related aspects in public budgeting debates: A view of the central level in Germany
Authors: Mueller Sarah , Saliterer Iris , Korac Sanja 
Published: April 2023

The paper explores how members of parliament (MPs) address gender-related aspects in the budgeting process at the central level in Germany, a country that pursues gender equality as a global objective but has not implemented gender budgeting (GB) (yet). Nevertheless, from a budgeting perspective the German context is interesting, as parliament has unrestricted powers to amend the budget draft. The study follows approaches in performance management literature streams that have explored different types of performance information use. Building on a qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates, our results show that gender-related aspects matter in budgeting even when GB is not implemented. However, resources are less often referenced than programmes and policies in the budget debates. We find that MPs address gender-related aspects in a differentiated way (reflected in four types of performance information use), and that this is affected by user characteristics: the MPs’ gender, their party affiliation, committee membership and in some aspects, their age. While it may not come as a surprise that female MPs act as advocates for gender-related aspects, it is interesting that female MPs are more likely to reference resources when addressing gender-related aspects than male MPs. Further, our analysis of types of performance information use shows that a party's position as either a part of a governing coalition or opposition, as well as party lines across the opposition, affect the way in which gender-related aspects are addressed: exerting supportive use types (i.e., legitimizing, highlighting) and rather challenging use types (i.e., de-legitimizing, deflecting). Points for practitioners Even in a context where gender budgeting is not implemented, members of parliament (MPs) reference gender equality in budget debates. The frequency and the way in which gender-related aspects are referenced mirrors MPs’ stance towards gender equality (rather supportive/rather challenging). Female MPs are more likely than male MPs to draw attention to the allocation of resources for gender-related issues. More female MPs in parliament may strengthen advocacy for gender-related aspects, particularly if budget documents do not contain gender-related performance goals.
A new medical imaging postprocessing and interpretation concept to investigate the clinical relevance of incidentalomas: can we keep Pandora's box closed?
Authors: Kwee Thomas C , Roest Christian , Kasalak Ömer , Pennings Jan P , de Jong Igle Jan , Yakar Derya 
Published: April 2023

Background Incidental imaging findings (incidentalomas) are common, but there is currently no effective means to investigate their clinical relevance. Purpose To introduce a new concept to postprocess a medical imaging examination in a way that incidentalomas are concealed while its diagnostic potential is maintained to answer the referring physician's clinical questions. Material and Methods A deep learning algorithm was developed to automatically eliminate liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, lungs, and bone from unenhanced computed tomography (CT). This deep learning algorithm was applied to a separately held set of unenhanced CT scans of 27 patients who underwent CT to evaluate for urolithiasis, and who had a total of 32 incidentalomas in one of the aforementioned organs. Results Median visual scores for organ elimination on modified CT were 100% for the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and right adrenal gland, 90%–99% for the pancreas, lungs, and bones, and 80%–89% for the left adrenal gland. In 26 out of 27 cases (96.3%), the renal calyces and pelves, ureters, and urinary bladder were completely visible on modified CT. In one case, a short (<1 cm) trajectory of the left ureter was not clearly visible due to adjacent atherosclerosis that was mistaken for bone by the algorithm. Of 32 incidentalomas, 28 (87.5%) were completely concealed on modified CT. Conclusion This preliminary technical report demonstrated the feasibility of a new approach to postprocess and evaluate medical imaging examinations that can be used by future prospective research studies with long-term follow-up to investigate the clinical relevance of incidentalomas.
Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy: identifying priority areas for people with HIV and healthcare professionals
Authors: Mate Kedar K. V. , Engler Kim , Lessard David , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: April 2023

Background Challenges to antiretroviral therapy adherence are well-known and continue to be a major hurdle in HIV care. The objective of this paper is to identify barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence that are relevant to HIV care from the perspective of people living with HIV and healthcare and social service professionals. Methods This study used an online survey design to collect information from the two groups. A total of 100 areas that covered six domains and 20 subdomains were administered to people living with HIV and care professionals in Canada and France. The survey asked participants to rate the importance of each area for HIV care on a four-point Likert scale. Any areas rated 3 or 4 were considered important and ranked. A Chi-square test was conducted for the difference between the groups, people living with HIV and professionals, and between women and men. Results A response rate of 87% (58/66) in Canada and 65% (38/58) was achieved. 15 of 43 (35%) areas were endorsed as important barriers by both groups, across countries and sex-covering subdomains — drug cost coverage, challenging material circumstances, HIV stigma, and privacy concerns, affect, motivation, beliefs, acceptance of HIV, comorbidity, side effects, and demands and organisation of daily life. People living with HIV identified two, and care professionals identified nine, additional areas as important barriers to HIV care across different domains and subdomains. Conclusion The study identified some common and distinct barriers to ART from the perspective of the people living with HIV and care professionals.
Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties of Blends of Polypropylene with Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters
Authors: Yazaki Fumihiko , Tsubouchi Yasushi , Yosomiya Ryutoku 
Published: April 2023

The thermal and viscoelastic properties of blends of polypropylene (PP) with thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters (LCP) have been investigated. (1) Thermal characteristics, change of tan δ peaks, and SEM observation on the fracture surfaces of PP-LCP blends indicate behaviour characteristic of incompatible blend systems. (2) Ternary blend systems containing chlorinated polypropylene (Cl-PP) showed increased interfacial interaction between the LCP and the matrix in comparison with the binary blend. (3) Blends containing dimethylglyoxine (DMG) showed further improvement in interfacial interaction between the LCP and matrix. DMG is believed to act as a crosslinking agent.
Determination of the Damage Zone Size in Textile Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Composites by Locating the Acoustic Emission
Authors: Czigany T. , Karger-Kocsis J. 
Published: April 2023

The size of the damage zone was determined on modified compact tension (CT) specimens of model composites containing a single layer of different textile fabrics by locating the acoustic emission (AE) events during loading. Among the reinforcing fabrics both crimped woven (co-woven and/or hybrid clothes) and non-woven (swirl mat) structures were studied. The extent of the damage zone was linked to a circle or ellipse in which a given proportion of the AE events could be found. Its size was strongly underestimated when only the stress-whitened zone at the crack tip, resolved by light microscopy, was considered. It is therefore reasonable to distinguish a processing zone (stress-whitened region) within the damage one. The size of the damage zone depended upon the microstructure of the reinforcing fabric due to differences in the possible stress transfer, as expected. It was also shown that the stress transfer and stress distribution capability of the fabrics strongly depend on their “wettability” by the matrix polymer; easily impregnable fabrics are loosely structured and/or hybridized ones.
Blends and Composites Based on Polypropylene and a Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Heino Markku T. , Vainio Tommi P. , Seppälä Jukka V. 
Published: April 2023

Blends of polypropylene (PP) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) processed without melting the LCP were compared with conventional melt processed blends. In a first stage, PP was blended with 20 wt.% of LCP in a twin-screw extruder with the take-up speed varied to achieve blends with different LCP fibre dimensions. In the second stage these blends were processed both below and above the T m of the LCP by extrusion and injection moulding. At lower temperatures (180–200°C), where the material was processed without melting the LCP, a real composite structure was formed with solid LCP fibres in the PP matrix. When processed above the T m of the LCP (280°C) all the material was molten during processing and a composite-like blend morphology was created in-situ during cooling of the oriented melt phase. These blends exhibited a skin/core morphology, whereas the composites contained fibres throughout the sample. Due to this difference the impact strength of the composites was significantly higher than that of the blends. The blends exhibited higher modulus than the composites. Moreover, additional drawing can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the blends. In composites the solid LCP fibres slightly increased the viscosity of PP, while in blends the molten LCP reduced the matrix viscosity and acted as a processing aid.
The Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab as Adjuvant Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer in People Living With HIV: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study
Authors: Wu Menghua , Zheng Xin , Wang Xudong , Li Xuyu , Zhang Yu , Zhao Jimao 
Published: April 2023

Background People living with HIV (PLWH) have a worse prognosis than the general population. Locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) in PLWH has gradually been increasing in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve antitumor activity in the general population, but relevant data in PLWH are unknown. We thus evaluated the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab in PLWH with locally advanced or metastatic BCa. Methods This retrospective study included 24 patients with locally advanced or metastatic BCa, both HIV positive or negative who underwent tislelizumab treatment (200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks, Q3W) from the multi-centers between December 2019 and March 2022. Demographic details, clinical data, and cancer status were collected. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were recorded and evaluated. Results A total of 24 individuals were chosen for this study, 10 had HIV and the other 14 did not. The median OS in the HIV-negative group was 62.3 (95% CI, 52.6 to 72.2) was no longer than that of the PLWH group 41.9 (95% CI, 32.9 to 51.0) weeks (HR .7, [95% CI, .17 to 3.30], P = .70). Furthermore, the median PFS in the HIV-negative group was 50.0 (95% CI, 36.2 to 63.9) was also no longer than that of the PLWH group 35.9 (95% CI, 25.5 to 46.3) (HR, 1.34, [95% CI, .38 to 4.69], P = .63). Of 24 patients, treatment-related adverse events, grade 3 or 4 occurred in 2 in the PLWH group and 3 in the HIV-negative group. Conclusion This retrospective multi-center study suggested that tislelizumab may provide encouraging antitumor activity and could be generally well tolerated. In this retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced or metastatic BCa, it seems that PLWH may have similar overall and progression-free survival compared to HIV-negative cases.
Changes in corneal biomechanical parameters in keratoconus eyes with various severities after corneal cross-linking (CXL): A comparative study
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Kangari Haleh , Moradi Azar , Akbarzadeh Reyhaneh , Naroo Shehzad A 
Published: April 2023

Objectives To compare changes in corneal biomechanical parameters one year after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus (KCN) eyes of different severities. Methods Seventy-five eyes with mild, moderate, and severe grades of KCN (n = 24, 31, and 20 eyes, respectively) that were treated with CXL, based upon the standard Dresden protocol, were included. The corneal biomechanical assessment was performed using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Changes in Corvis's dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters and ORA's derived parameters (corneal hysteresis (CH), and corneal resistance factor (CRF)) were assessed whilst the corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were considered as covariates. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the corneal biomechanical parameters obtained using both devices after surgery separately in different KCN grades, except for the deformation amplitude (DA) in the severe KCN group (P = 0.017). Changes in the classic parameters of the highest concavity phase of Corvis ST (peak distance, radius, and DA) were more positive and in the newer parameters (integrated inverse radius (IIR), deformation amplitude ratio (DAR)) more negative in the severe group compared to the other groups. Also, the mean change in CH (P = 0.710), and CRF (P = 0.565), showed a negative shift in higher grades of KCN; however, there was no significant difference in the mean changes of all parameters between different groups. (P > 0.05) Conclusions Similar changes in the Corvis ST and ORA parameters in mild, moderate, and severe KCN indicate biomechanical stability and the effective role of CXL in stopping the progressive nature of keratoconus in eyes of varying severities one year after CXL.