bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Component Knock-Out or Knock-In in Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot
Authors: Wu Xiulan , Wang Fujiang , Ge Haitao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. The total flavones of Abelmoschus Manihot (TFA) has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in DKD, however, not each flavone monomer can play the same effect. In a specific disease or pharmacological model, there may also be a group of chemical components with clear composition and content ratio that can play the same role as Abelmoschus Manihot extract.
Methods The composition of the seven flavone monomers was investigated by spectrum-effect relationship and component knock-out and knock-in methods. We used HPLC to establish the chemical fingerprints, and assayed the protective effect and anti-inflammatory activity of podocytes in vitro. The protein expression level of synaptopodin and nephrin were measured by immunofluorescence staining, and the release of inflammatory factors of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Partial least squares method and multi-objective optimization were used to examine the spectrum-effect relationships. Then, we also determined the expression of TRPC6 in podocytes by RT-qPCR and western blot.
Results When the compatibility proportion of rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin, myricetin, quercetin-3'-o-glucoside, and quercetin was 0, 1.2, 0.88, 0.88, 0.48, 2.08, 0.4, the protein expression of synaptopodin and nephrin may be equivalent to TFA. And when the compatibility proportionof 7 active components was 0, 2.08, 1.74, 1.50, 0.12, 0.54, 0.1, which decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α. Further, we found that B (hibifolin/hyperoside), C (hyperoside/quercetin-3'-o-glucoside), and E (isoquercetin/quercetin-3'-o-glucoside) have significant effects on synaptopodin, nephrin, and TNF- α, IL-1β. Collectively, our data indicated that TFA could ameliorate cytoskeleton rearrangement and inflammatory injury in podocytes under hign glucose conditions, and the proportion of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, hibifolin and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside had the similar efficacy, they may be the main active components of TFA. What’s more, the best combination of hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside decreased the expression of TRPC6.
Conclusion The combination of hyperoside, isoquercetin, hibifolin, and quercetin-3'-o-glucoside in TFA was optimized by spectral efficiency relationship, and flavone monomer combination may play a protective role in podocyte cytoskeleton through TRPC6 pathway.
Enhancement of Conventional Solar Still Productivity by Modifying with The Tilted Wick at Different Angles and Black Painted Basin: An experimental &amp; Economic Approach
Authors: Negi Akashdeep , Ranakoti Lalit , Verma Rajesh , Shukla Jayanti , kabeel abd elnaby 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Solar still is the emerging technique to distilled water at places where there is a huge scarcity of drinking water. The current investigation deals with the productivity enhancement of distilled yield of conventional solar still (CSS) to obtain decontaminated fresh water. Experiments were conducted by modifying CSS for five different cases viz: (a). Conventional solar still without the wick, (b). Conventional solar still with the tilted wick at 15˚, 30˚, and 45˚ (c). Black painted basin conventional solar still (BPBCSS) with the tilted wick at 30˚. All experiments were performed on the month of March for approximate same climatic condition. From the preliminary investigation, the flow rate of basin water on the wick was kept fixat 0.2g/m2.secin such a way that the wick remained completely wet. The overall daily productivity of the caseswas found to be 3.802kg/m2, 3.925kg/m2, 4.25kg/m2,4.102kg/m2, and 4.372 kg/m2 for CSS without the wick, CSS with the tilted wick at 15˚, CSS with the tilted wick at 30˚, CSS with the tilted wick at 45˚, and BPBCSS with the tilted wick at 30˚ respectively. For BPCSS, the cost of the obtained yield distillate was found to be ₹1.38 per Liter, making it more affordable than CSS.
Validation of Health Education Quality Scale and a Primary Investigation in general practitioners of Zhejiang, China
Authors: Chen Mingmin , Ren Jingjing , Liu Ying , Wu Yuepeng , Duan Ruoshu , Sun Yujing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Health education is one of the crucial part of general practitioners’ (GPs’) responsibility. There are few instruments for measurements of health education quality. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to measure the health education quality.
Methods
The questionnaire is a 6-item scale developed in a multi-level process following a literature review and consultations with specialists. The scale was applied in a sample of N = 152 general practitioners (GPs) in Zhejiang, eastern China. Items and properties were analyzed by determining item reliability as well as performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the instruments dimensionality. The association of health education quality with respondents’ characteristics and attitudes were analyzed by analogue non-parametric test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to clarify the factors related to the quality of health education.
Results
The HEQ scale demonstrated good internal consistency(α = 0.945). CFA verified a 5-factor structure of the scale. The mean score of the health education quality of participants is 102.78/150. There were significant differences in health education quality and health education attitude between GPs in different level of public healthcare institutions (P<0.05). The score of GPs in healthcare stations (94.58/150) was lower than others. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant association between each items and the final HEQ score, and the HEQ score was also significant associated with self-cognition of health education sufficiency(ρ = 0.556,P<0.05), health education skill༈ρ = 0.551,P<0.05).
Conclusion
The HEQ is a valid scale to assess the extent of the health education quality of GPs, and the health education quality of GPs in Zhejiang province is relatively good. GPs’ health education quality is related to their attitudes toward patient health education. Specific measures should be taken to further improve the health education quality of GPs.
Looking under the lamp-post: quantifying the performance of contact tracing in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Bayly Henry , Stoddard Madison , Egeren Debra Van , Murray Eleanor J , Raifman Julia , Chakravarty Arijit , White Laura F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Contact tracing forms a crucial part of the public-health toolbox in mitigating and understanding emergent pathogens and nascent disease outbreaks. Contact tracing in the United States was conducted during the pre-Omicron phase of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This tracing relied on voluntary reporting and responses, often using rapid antigen tests (with a high false negative rate) due to lack of accessibility to PCR tests. These limitations, combined with SARS-CoV-2’s propensity for asymptomatic transmission, raise the question “how reliable was contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States”? We answered this question using a Markov model to examine the efficiency with which transmission could be detected based on the design and response rates of contact tracing studies in the United States. Our results suggest that contact tracing protocols in the U.S. are unlikely to have identified more than 1.65% (95% uncertainty interval: 1.62%-1.68%) of transmission events with PCR testing and 0.88% (95% uncertainty interval 0.86%-0.89%) with rapid antigen testing. When considering an optimal scenario, based on compliance rates in East Asia with PCR testing, this increases to 62.7% (95% uncertainty interval: 62.6%-62.8%). These findings highlight the limitations in interpretability for studies of SARS-CoV-2 disease spread based on U.S. contact tracing and underscore the vulnerability of the population to future disease outbreaks, for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
Nutrition assessment and education of patients with heart failure by cardiologists: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dotare Taishi , Maeda Daichi , Matsue Yuya , Nakamura Yutaka , Sunayama Tsutomu , Iso Takashi , Nakade Taisuke , Minamino Tohru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Although nutritional assessment and education are important for patients hospitalized with heart failure, the extent of their implementation in real-world clinical practice is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the evaluation and management of nutrition during hospitalization for heart failure using a questionnaire survey for cardiologists.
Methods
In this cross-sectional multicenter survey, 147 cardiologists from 32 institutions completed a web-based questionnaire (response rate, 95%).
Results
The survey showed that 78.2% of the respondents performed a nutritional assessment for hospitalized patients, whereas 38.3% used objective tools. In contrast, only 9.5% of the respondents evaluated the presence or absence of cardiac cachexia. Most respondents (89.8%) reported providing nutritional education to their patients before hospital discharge. However, compared with the number of respondents who provided information on sodium (97.0%) and water (63.6%) restrictions, a limited number of respondents provided guidance on optimal protein (20.5%) and micronutrient (9.1%) intake as part of the nutritional education. Less than 50% of the respondents provided guidance on optimal calorie intake (43.2%) and ideal body weight (34.8%) as a part of the nutritional education for patients identified as malnourished.
Conclusions
Although nutritional assessment is widely performed for hospitalized patients with heart failure, most assessments are subjective rather than objective. Nutritional education, frequently provided before hospital discharge, is limited to information on water or salt intake restrictions. Therefore, more comprehensive and individualised nutritional assessments and counselling with a scientific basis are required.
Does autophagy have a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric hepatic steatosis?
Authors: Ehsan Nermine , Kandil Mona , Holah Nanis , Sobhy Gihan , Mohamady Mohamed , El-Gammal Shaymaa , Gadallah Marwa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Hepatic steatosis has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease among children worldwide. Lipophagy has been considered as a pathway affecting steatosis development and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Beclin1 and LC3A in pediatric hepatic tissues with steatosis and to correlate their expression with clinicopathological parameters.
Methods
This study included 81 Egyptian pediatric patients with hepatic steatosis. Also, 21 pediatric cases without hepatic steatosis were included. All specimens were stained by Beclin1 and LC3A antibodies.
Results
Higher beclin1 expression was significantly correlated with higher stages of fibrosis and distorted liver architecture in chronic liver diseases group, (P = 0.043) for both. The higher positivity, percentage and median values of H score of LC3A expression were seen in control group rather than in chronic liver disease group or the inborn error of metabolism group (P = 0.055, 0.001, 0.008 respectively). Higher positivity of LC3A was significantly associated with higher stages of fibrosis and distorted liver architecture in the studied inborn error of metabolism group (P = 0.021) for both.
Conclusions
Fluctuation of autophagy at different stages of pediatric hepatic steatosis and different disease etiology proved by different intensity grades of Beclin 1 and LC3A immunohistochemical expression.
Digital informed consent for urological surgery - Randomized controlled study comparing multimedia-supported vs. traditional paper-based informed consent concerning satisfaction, anxiety, information gain and time efficiency
Authors: Fischer Nikita , Frey Lisa , Sparwasser Peter , Duwe Gregor , Dotzauer Robert , Haferkamp Axel , Borgmann Hendrik , Haack Maximilian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Due to a lack of time and staff, informed consent (IC) in clinical practice often lacks clarity, comprehensibility and scope of information. Digital media offer great potential to enhance IC, but are still too rarely used. Aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of multimedia-supported compared to traditional paper-based IC.
Methods: In the randomized, controlled, three-arm DICon (Digital Informed Consent for urological surgery) study 70 patients with an indication for prostate biopsy were randomized 1:1:1 to receive traditional paper-based IC vs. multimedia-supported information before IC vs. multimedia-supported information during IC. Patient satisfaction, anxiety and information gain were measured by validated questionnaires 2 weeks and directly before the procedure and time efficiency was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (one-way ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA (with bonferroni post-test).
Results: Multimedia information prior to the consultation saved 32.9% time compared to paper-based (5.3 min. vs. 9.5 min; p<0.05) and 60.4% time compared to shared multimedia information (5.3 min. vs. 13.9 min.; p<0.001), with no difference in satisfaction (62.6 vs. 62.7 vs. 68.6 of max. 80; p=0.07), anxiety (8 vs. 8.1 vs. 7 of max. 16; p=0.35), or information gain (6.5 vs. 5.7 vs. 6.7 of max. 10; p=0.23). Results on satisfaction (56.6 vs. 62.6 vs. 66; p=0.06), anxiety (7.2 vs. 7.2 vs. 6.8; p=0.84), and information gain (7 vs. 6.4 vs. 5.9; p=0.43) remained stable over time.
Conclusions: Multimedia-supported IC provided improved time efficiency (33% gain) compared to traditional paper-based IC, with comparable satisfaction, anxiety and information gain. Multimedia-supported information materials should therefore be used more frequently in patient education.
Case Report: Psychiatric comorbidity in the setting of encephalomalacia and gliosis
Authors: Leong Wei , Chadha Priyal , Bach Edward 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
We report a case of an adult female with a history of multifocal encephalomalacia and gliosis following multiple strokes confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, who presented with neuropsychiatric symptomatology. Encephalomalacia and gliosis of the brain are pathological changes in brain tissue associated with cerebral vascular and traumatic injury, and can present with a variety of symptoms ranging from cognitive decline to psychosis. Neurological manifestations following a stroke are well-documented, but there are few reports of adults with psychiatric symptomatology in the setting of encephalomalacia and gliosis in the caudate nucleus following stroke. Herein we discuss the psychiatric symptom profile and management associated with this lesion, while emphasizing the importance of brain imaging to gain a deeper understanding of its correlation with psychiatric manifestations.
Case presentation
A 64-year-old female with a history of multiple strokes and psychiatric history of generalized anxiety disorder was admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit due to a 3-month history of worsening anxiety, depression, and functioning. Brain imaging revealed a new-onset focus of encephalomalacia and gliosis of the body of the left caudate, consistent with a transient ischemic attack diagnosed 3–4 months prior to psychiatric hospitalization. While admitted, the patient was treated with risperidone, sertraline, trazodone, gabapentin, and lorazepam with improvement in symptoms of anxiety, mood, and functioning.
Conclusions
Brain imaging in psychiatry is typically used to differentiate organic or structural causes of psychiatric symptoms from functional disorders, but lesions in specific areas of the brain and their clinical correlates are not well-characterized. This case in particular provides support for the involvement of the caudate nucleus in the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and is important for understanding the psychopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders with potential to guide treatment for these patients.
Cargo chain: Cargo Management in Port Logistics with Blockchain Technology
Authors: Kasaei Amirmohsen , Albadvi Amir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Efficient port management and logistics operations are critical to global trade and transportation services. However, current port logistics transport systems are highly centralized and offer limited opportunities for collaboration between different stakeholders. In addition, existing systems fail to provide traceability, transparency, information security, and immutability of data stored and exchanged during various operational processes. As a result, the productivity of port terminals is adversely affected, Blockchain is an emerging technology that provides traceability, transparency, and audibility through immutable provenance data of trusted on-chain transactions decentralized without intermediaries or trusted third parties. In this research, we discuss the potential role of blockchain technology for port logistics operations and services. We present frameworks that improve port logistics operations and utilize permissioned blockchain architectures to design a cargo chain for the port. Finally, we outline open research issues and challenges that are barriers to adoption.
Research on an Improved YOLOv7 Algorithm for Road Surface Crack Detection
Authors: Weng Guangliang , Liu Dongsheng , Liu Linya , Wan Qianghua , Wu Songying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an improved YOLOv7 algorithm for road surface crack detection to address the issues of low accuracy and inefficiency in complex background scenarios. Firstly, road surface crack sample data images with varying degrees of damage are collected in different road sections. The data is then processed using bilateral filtering and histogram equalization to create a high-quality road surface defect database. Next, efficient pyramid spatial attention (EPSA) modules and efficient spatial channel dual attention (SA) modules are embedded in the Backbone module of the original YOLOv7 network. Furthermore, improvements are made to the feature fusion path of the E-ELAN module by introducing skip connections and 1×1 convolutional structures between ELAB modules, enhancing the detection efficiency and overall performance of the network model. The preprocessed data is then used to train the improved YOLOv7 model, and the attention decision mechanism of the model is analyzed using Grad-CAM technology. Finally, a road surface defect intelligent detection system is developed based on the PyQt5 framework. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv7 model achieves the highest recognition accuracy, recall rate, and mAP0.5 value for road surface cracks at 98.95%, 97.08%, and 98.97%, respectively. Compared to the original YOLOv7 model, the improved model demonstrates improvements in various evaluation metrics, meeting the requirements of road surface crack detection.
Palliative radiotherapy for tumor bleeding in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Shibuki Taro , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Yamaguchi Shota , Inoue Kanae , Taira Tomonao , Satake Tomoyuki , Watanabe Kazuo , Imaoka Hiroshi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Fujisawa Takeshi , Tomizawa Kento , Oyoshi Hidekazu , Nakamura Masaki , Hojo Hidehiro , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) sometimes experience gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) due to tumor invasion of the gastrointestinal tract (tumor bleeding), and no standard treatment has been established yet for this complication. Palliative radiotherapy (PRT) could be promising, however, there are few reports of PRT for tumor bleeding in patients with unresectable PC. Therefore, we evaluated the outcomes of PRT for tumor bleeding in unresectable PC patients.
Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of patients with unresectable PC diagnosed at our institution between May 2013 and January 2022, and identified patients with endoscopically confirmed tumor bleeding who had received PRT. PRT was administered at a total dose of 30 Grays (Gy) in 10 fractions, 20 Gy in 5 fractions, or 8 Gy in a single fraction, and the dose selection was left to the discretion of the radiation oncologists.
Results:
During the study period, 2562 patients were diagnosed as having unresectable PC at our hospital, of which 225 (8.8%) exhibited GIB. Among the 225 patients, 63 (2.5%) were diagnosed as having tumor bleeding and 20 (0.8%) received PRT. Hemostasis was achieved in 14 of the 20 patients (70%), and none developed grade 3 or more adverse events related to the PRT. The median time to hemostasis was 8.5 days (range, 7–14 days). The rebleeding rate was 21.4% (3/14). The median hemoglobin level increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 5.9 g/dL to 9.1 g/dL, and the median volume of red blood cell transfusion tended (p = 0.052) to decrease from 1120 mL (range, 280–3360 mL) to 280 mL (range, 0-5560 mL) following the PRT. The median overall survival (OS) was 52 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 39–317). Of the 14 patients in whom hemostasis was achieved, chemotherapy could be started/resumed in seven patients (50%), and the median OS in these patients was 260 days (95% CI, 76-not evaluable [NE]). Three patients experienced rebleeding (21.4%), on days 16, 22, and 25 after the start of PRT.
Conclusion:
This study showed that PRT is an effective and safe treatment modality for tumor bleeding in patients with unresectable PC.
Screening for differentially expressed memory genes on a diabetes model induced by high sugar diet in Drosophila melanogaster: potential players for memory deficits
Authors: Loreto Julia Sepel , Ferreira Sabrina Antunes , de Almeida Pamela , Rocha João Batista da , Barbosa Nilda de Vargas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we utilized Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold-change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), Bruchpilot (Brp), Minibrain (Mnb), Skaker (Sh), and Gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising “biomarkers” to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.