bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a LINAC head model for the CyberKnife VSI‐System using EGSnrc Monte Carlo system
Authors: Thiele Martin , Galonske Kirsten , Ernst Iris , Mack Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn order to understand the interaction processes of photons and electrons of the CyberKnife VSI‐System, a modeling of the LINAC head must take place. Here, a Monte Carlo simulation can help. By comparing the measured data with the simulation data, the agreement can be checked.Materials and methodsFor the Monte Carlo simulations, the toolkit EGSnrc with the user codes BEAMnrc and DOSXZYnrc was used. The CyberKnife VSI‐System has two collimation systems to define the field size of the beam. On the one hand, it has 12 circular collimators and, on the other, an IRIS‐aperture. The average energy, final source width, dose profiles, and output factors in a voxel‐based water phantom were determined and compared to the measured data.ResultsThe average kinetic energy of the electron beam for the CyberKnife VSI LINAC head is 6.9 MeV, with a final source width of 0.25 cm in x‐direction and 0.23 cm in y‐direction. All simulated dose profiles for both collimation systems were able to achieve a global gamma criterion of 1%/1 mm to the measured data. For the output factors, the deviation from simulated to measured data is < 1% from a field size of 12.5 mm for the circular collimators and from a field size of 10 mm for the IRIS‐aperture.ConclusionThe beam characteristics of the CyberKnife VSI LINAC head could be exactly simulated with Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, in the future, this model can be used as a basis for electronic patient‐specific QA or to determine scattering processes of the LINAC head.
Multi‐Agent Control of Laser‐Guided Shape‐Memory Alloy Microrobots
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Yu Alan , Kim Daehyeon , Nelson Bradley J. , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrorobots have a high demand for multi‐agent control to enhance their effectiveness in performing various tasks. While light is a power source that can control many micro‐structures, the range of controllable objects is limited to polymeric structures, simple particles, or bio‐cells. This study presents a multi‐agent microrobot control platform that utilizes a laser and artificial structures made of a shape‐memory alloy (SMA). The SMA microrobots can travel at speeds of up to 150 µm s−1 (2.5 BL s−1) and demonstrate complex path navigation, algorithm‐based control, and vision‐based feedback control. By utilizing the minimum potential energy algorithm, the paths of microrobots are optimized to perform navigation tasks in the shortest routes, bypassing obstacles. Additionally, the vision system calibrates the paths before every laser scanning cycle. Finally, the SMA microrobot platform with algorithm‐based path planning and real‐time feedback allows multi‐agent control, overcoming inconsistent locomotion caused by the uncertainty of complex microenvironments. As SMAs have a high energy density, fast actuation speed, good chemical resistance, and excellent biocompatibility, these SMA microrobots are expected to open up a wide range of potential applications for micro‐robotics in various fields, such as micro‐chemical reactions and biomedical devices.
The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases
Authors: You Qing , Liang Fuming , Wu Gege , Cao Fangfang , Liu Jingyi , He Zhaohui , Wang Chen , Zhu Ling , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yang Yanlian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease‐related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology‐integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti‐neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut–brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology‐integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
Enhanced Magneto‐Optical Effects in Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Indium Tin Oxide at Telecommunication Wavelengths
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Liu Tianji , Ota Yasutomo , Kobayashi Nobukiyo , Iwamoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) materials exhibit near‐zero permittivity and induce various intriguing linear and nonlinear optical phenomena. Magneto‐optical (MO) effects, which are notoriously weak in the optical domain, have been predicted to be significantly enhanced in ENZ materials, which can facilitate the realization of compact nonreciprocal devices. However, to date, enhanced MO effects have been predominantly observed in effective ENZ media, which are commonly based on complex combinations of photonic nanostructures. It is difficult for these effective media to achieve isotropic ENZ responses, which severely limits their use in the development of ENZ‐MO devices. Here, enhanced MO effects in pristine indium tin oxide (ITO) with ENZ properties at technologically important telecommunication wavelengths are demonstrated. MO transmission (reflection) spectroscopy of ITO films with different ENZ wavelengths reveal Faraday (Kerr) rotation peaks around the respective ENZ (EN‐one) wavelengths, demonstrating that these observations are due to the intrinsic properties of the ITO materials. The demonstrated mechanism of the MO effect enhancement is universal and can be applied to various ENZ materials, including those incorporating ferromagnetic materials. Native ENZ materials with enhanced MO responses will greatly expand the opportunities for the development of novel nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices, such as on‐chip optical isolators and one‐way topological waveguides.
A Flexible, 2.4‐GHz Wireless Ion Sensor System Using Printed Organic Amplifiers with 3‐V Single Supply
Authors: Shiwaku Rei , Matsui Hiroyuki , Hommura Yuki , Takeda Yasunori , Nagamine Kuniaki , Tokito Shizuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntegration of organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) devices with a wireless data transmission system such as 2.4‐GHz Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is a significant requirement for activating the Internet of Thing (IoT) ecosystem based on a vast number of sensors, while conventional OTFT circuits have problems with their high output impedance and the need for multiple power supplies. Here, a wireless, real‐time, and flexible sodium ion sensing system composed of a printed Na+ sensor, printed OTFT‐based amplifiers, inorganic passive elements, a BLE module, and a 3‐V sheet‐type battery is demonstrated. The printed organic amplifier circuits based on dual threshold technology and dual‐gate structure are combinable with a BLE module because of their low output impedance of 50 kΩ and operate with 3‐V single supply as well as improving operational stability under illumination. The sensitivity to Na+ concentration is improved from 53.7 to 242.5 mV dec−1 (4.5 times higher) by the OTFT‐based amplifier, and the data is transmitted in real‐time to a tablet via the BLE wireless communication.
FINDER: A Fluidly Confined CRISPR‐Based DNA Reporter on Living Cell Membranes for Rapid and Sensitive Cancer Cell Identification
Authors: Yin Yao , Xie Wei , Xiong Mengyi , Gao Yingying , Liu Qin , Han Da , Ke Guoliang , Zhang Xiao‐Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe accurate, rapid, and sensitive identification of cancer cells in complex physiological environments is significant in biological studies, personalized medicine, and biomedical engineering. Inspired by the naturally confined enzymes on fluid cell membranes, a fluidly confined CRISPR‐based DNA reporter (FINDER) was developed on living cell membranes, which was successfully applied for rapid and sensitive cancer cell identification in clinical blood samples. Benefiting from the spatial confinement effect for improved local concentration, and membrane fluidity for higher collision efficiency, the activity of CRISPR‐Cas12a was, for the first time, found to be significantly enhanced on living cell membranes. This new phenomenon was then combined with multiple aptamer‐based DNA logic gate for cell recognition, thus a FINDER system capable of accurate, rapid and sensitive cancer cell identification was constructed. The FINDER rapidly identified target cells in only 20 min, and achieved over 80 % recognition efficiency with only 0.1 % of target cells presented in clinical blood samples, indicating its potential application in biological studies, personalized medicine, and biomedical engineering.
Aptamers: Features, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: P. U Aiswarya , Raj Gopika , John Jinju , Mohan K Malavika , John Franklin , George Jinu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAptamers have become a topic of interest among the researchers and scientists since they not only possess all of the benefits of antibodies but also possess special qualities including heat stability, low cost, and limitless uses⋅ Here we give a review about the features, applications, and challenges of aptamers and also how they are beneficial over the antibodies for biomedical applications. Their unique features make aptamers a prominent tool in therapeutics, diagnostics, biosensors and targeted drug delivery. In conclusion, aptamers represent exciting materials for a variety of applications and can be modified to improve their properties and to extend their applications in biomedical field.
Conceptualizing college‐going volition in rural Appalachian high school students
Authors: Graham Danielle L. , Hardin Erin E. , Gibbons Melinda M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the gap between students’ aspirations for postsecondary education and their actual postsecondary attainment is key to understanding and reducing educational and vocational inequities. Just as work volition has emerged as a key factor in understanding access to decent work, students’ sense of control over or volition in the college‐going process may be a key factor in understanding their access to postsecondary education. In the current study, we adapted a common measure of work volition to create a measure of college‐going volition (CGV). In a large sample of rural Appalachian high school students, the measure showed good psychometric properties and strong measurement invariance across gender and prospective college‐generation groups. There were no gender differences in CGV, but prospective first‐generation college students demonstrated significantly lower CGV than their continuing‐generation peers. CGV also accounted for significant unique variance in college‐going self‐efficacy beyond educational barriers.
Investigating the impact of dynamic structural changes of Au/rutile catalysts on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Fan Qianwenhao , Tan Mingwu , Luo Yuqing , Wu Xianyue , Manuputty Manoel Y. , Ding Jie , Choksi Tej S. , Kraft Markus , Xu Rong , Sun Zhiqiang , Liu Wen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe surface properties of oxidic supports and their interaction with the supported metals play critical roles in governing the catalytic activities of oxide‐supported metal catalysts. When metals are supported on reducible oxides, dynamic surface reconstruction phenomena, including strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) and oxygen vacancy formation, complicate the determination of the structural–functional relationship at the active sites. Here, we performed a systematic investigation of the dynamic behavior of Au nanocatalysts supported on flame‐synthesized TiO2, which takes predominantly a rutile phase, using CO oxidation above room temperature as a probe reaction. Our analysis conclusively elucidated a negative correlation between the catalytic activity of Au/TiO2 and the oxygen vacancy at the Au/TiO2 interface. Although the reversible formation and retracting of SMSI overlayers have been ubiquitously observed on Au/TiO2 samples, the catalytic consequence of SMSI remains inconclusive. Density functional theory suggests that the electron transfer from TiO2 to Au is correlated to the presence of the interfacial oxygen vacancies, retarding the catalytic activation of CO oxidation.
FeIII‐Based Eutectic Mixtures as Multi‐task and Reusable Reaction Media for Efficient and Selective Conversion of Alkynes into Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Ramos‐Martín Marina , Ríos‐Lombardía Nicolas , González‐Sabín Javier , García‐Garrido Sergio E. , Concellón Carmen , Presa Soto Alejandro , del Amo Vicente , García‐Álvarez Joaquín 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Vicente del Amo, Alejandro Presa Soto and Joaquín García‐Álvarez (QuimSinSos Group) at the University of Oviedo. The image depicts the use of the FeIII‐based deep eutectic mixture [FeCl3⋅6 H2O/Gly (3:1)] (Gly = glycerol) as both promoter and solvent for the straightforward and selective hydration of alkynes, working under mild (45 °C), bench‐type reaction conditions (air) and in the absence of ligands, co‐catalysts or co‐solvents. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202301736.
Enriching a randomized controlled treatment trial for anorexia nervosa by lived experience—Chances and effects of a lived experience council in the SUSTAIN study
Authors: Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Bremer Judith , Rieß‐Stumm Susanne , Gregg Bettina , Fritz Anke , Klemm Isabel , Daugelat Melissa‐Claire , Schag Kathrin ,   the SUSTAIN Study Group
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe development and advancement of treatment and care options is one priority in the field of eating disorders. The inclusion of persons with lived experience with eating disorders into clinical research could enrich and accelerate this endeavor, as they can add different perspectives on the disease and its treatment. Although lived experience perspectives are increasingly part of eating disorder research, they have not been widely or structurally implemented into clinical trials and there is limited information on the practice of participatory research, its framework and consequences.AimsThe present work outlines the participatory collaboration with a lived experience council in the randomized controlled treatment trial SUSTAIN.Materials & MethodsThe manuscript is a participatory publication co‐written by individuals with lived experience with anorexia nervosa and eating disorder researchers.ResultsWe report on motivations for this approach, our collaboration principles, structures and shared experience of working together in the trial, the potential burdens and benefits related to participation for people with lived experience.DiscussionWe outline future directions and perspectives to integrate a participatory framework into clinical eating disorder research.ConclusionThe involvement of people with experiential knowledge is complex, but possible in clinical research on ED and bears huge potential for the development of more effective care.Public SignificanceIncorporating perspectives of people with lived experience into a participatory framework of mental health research bears huge potential on a societal level. This includes more relevant research topics and designs, more tailored and effective interventions, and facilitated implementation, as well as dissemination, higher credibility, destigmatization of mental illness, and patient empowerment. Participatory clinical research, however, needs structural anchorage within science and society.
Performance of a Pilot‐Scale Nitrifying Trickling Filter Treating Municipal Aerated Lagoon Effluent
Authors: Coats Erik R. , Watson Ben , Lee Kiersten , Hammer Matt 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT: Colfax, WA, operates an aerated lagoon to achieve compliance with its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, which currently requires biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. However, ammonia removal may soon be required, and Colfax is considering a nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) that would allow them to also maintain the lagoons. To obtain data from which to ultimately design a full‐scale system, a four‐year NTF pilot study was performed. Results demonstrated that an NTF would be an effective, reliable NH3 removal method and could produce effluent NH3 concentrations < 1.0 mg/L. NTF performance was characterized by zero‐ and first‐order kinetics; zero‐order rates correlated with influent NH3 concentrations and mass load. Utilizing data from these investigations it was determined that the pilot NTF could be reduced by 19%, which demonstrates the value of pilot testing. Finally, pilot data was evaluated to provide a data set that will be useful to engineers designing full‐scale NTFs.
The value of radiomics model based on ultrasound image features in the differentiation between minimal breast cancer and small benign breast masses
Authors: Lyu Shuyi , Zhang Meiwu , Zhang Baisong , Zhu Jiazhen , Gao Libo , Qiu Yuqin , Yang Liu , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFemale breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer, and is also the main cause of cancer death for women worldwide. Breast cancer <1 cm showed excellent survival rate. However, the diagnosis of minimal breast cancer (MBC) is challenging.ObjectiveThe purpose of our research is to develop and validate an radiomics model based on ultrasound images for early recognition of MBC.Methods302 breast masses with a diameter of <10 mm were retrospectively studied, including 159 benign and 143 malignant breast masses. The radiomics features were extracted from the gray‐scale ultrasound image of the largest face of each breast mass. The maximum relevance minimum reduncancy and recursive feature elimination methods were used to screen. Finally, 10 features with the most discriminating value were selected for modeling. The random forest was used to establish the prediction model, and the rad‐score of each mass was calculated. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, we calculated and compared the area under the curve (AUC) value, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the model and three groups with different experience in predicting small breast masses, and drew calibration curves and decision curves to test the stability and consistency of the model.ResultsWhen we selected 10 radiomics features to calculate the rad‐score, the prediction efficiency was the best, the AUC values for the training set and testing set were 0.840 and 0.793, which was significantly better than the insufficient experience group (AUC = 0.673), slightly better than the moderate experience group (AUC = 0.768), and was inferior to the experienced group (AUC = 0.877). The calibration curve and decision curve also showed that the radiomics model had satisfied stability and clinical application value.ConclusionThe radiomics model based on ultrasound image features has a satisfied predictive ability for small breast masses, and is expected to become a potential tool for the diagnosis of MBC, and it is a zero cost (in terms of patient participation and imaging time).
The evaluation of online Modified Objective Structured Examination (MOSE) as postgraduate admissions re‐examination: A report from Fujian Medical University, China
Authors: Zhang Chang‐Yuan , Yu Hao , Wang Shan‐Zhi , Chen Ping , Cheng Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis paper aims to explore the successful implementation of online postgraduate admissions re‐examination in China, specifically focusing on the Modified Objective Structured Examination (MOSE). It introduced the specific practice of the online postgraduate admissions re‐examination in China and investigated the perceptions of applicants, postgraduate supervisors and admissions staffs about the online MOSE re‐examination.MethodsSurveys were administrated 3 years after the implementation of online MOSE postgraduate admissions re‐examination in China. Separate surveys were conducted with applicants, postgraduate supervisors, and admissions staff members to gather their opinions and suggestions regarding the online MOSE re‐examination.ResultsA total of 65 applicants, 43 postgraduate supervisors and seven admissions staff members completed the surveys. Over 80% of the applicants agreed that the online MOSE comprehensively evaluated their medical humanities, communication, medical knowledge, and overall competence. Furthermore, 89.30% of postgraduate supervisors believed that the students recruited through online MOSE were either “not significantly different,” “better,” or “much better” compared to those recruited through on‐site re‐examination. Admissions staff members also expressed a favorable view of online MOSE re‐examination.ConclusionThe online MOSE re‐examination is an effective, convenient, and affirmative evaluation method for postgraduate admissions re‐examination.
Resurgence of goal‐directed actions and habits
Authors: Fujimaki Shun , Hu Ting , Kosaki Yutaka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated how goal‐directed and habitual behaviors recover after extinction within the context of the resurgence effect, a form of relapse induced by the removal or worsening of alternative reinforcement. Rats were trained to press a target lever with one reinforcer (O1) for either minimal (4) or extended (16) sessions. An extinction test after the completion of O1 devaluation confirmed that minimal and extended training formed goal‐directed and habitual behaviors, respectively. Then, pressing an alternative lever was reinforced with a second reinforcer (O2) while the target response was placed on extinction. When O2 was discontinued, the minimally trained target response resurged with goal‐directed status as in the extinction test. However, the extinguished habitual behavior in the extensively trained rats did not recover as a habit but instead with goal‐directed status, possibly due to the context specificity of habits or the introduction of a new response–reinforcer contingency. The critical finding that reinforcer devaluation consistently led to less resurgence regardless of the amount of acquisition training provides a clinical implication that coupling differential‐reinforcement‐of‐alternative‐behavior (DRA) treatments with the devaluation of the associated reinforcer of problematic behavior could effectively diminish its recurrence.