bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in East Asia and the Pacific Region: Longitudinal Trend Analysis
Authors: Lundberg Alexander L , Soetikno Alan G , Wu Scott A , Ozer Egon , Welch Sarah B , Liu Yingxuan , Hawkins Claudia , Mason Maryann , Murphy Robert , Havey Robert J , Moss Charles B , Achenbach Chad J , Post Lori Ann 
Published: January 2025

Background
This study updates the COVID-19 pandemic surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific region that we first conducted in 2020 with 2 additional years of data for the region.

Objective
First, we aimed to measure whether there was an expansion or contraction of the pandemic in East Asia and the Pacific region when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. Second, we used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the dynamic history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history. Finally, we aimed to provide historical context for the course of the pandemic in East Asia and the Pacific region.

Methods
In addition to updates of traditional surveillance data and dynamic panel estimates from the original study, this study used data on sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data to identify the appearance and duration of variants of concern. We used Nextclade nomenclature to collect clade designations from sequences and Pangolin nomenclature for lineage designations of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we conducted a 1-sided t test to determine whether the regional weekly speed was greater than an outbreak threshold of 10. We ran the test iteratively with 6 months of data across the sample period.

Results
Several countries in East Asia and the Pacific region had COVID-19 transmission rates above an outbreak threshold at the point of the WHO declaration (Brunei, New Zealand, Australia, and South Korea). However, the regional transmission rate had remained below the outbreak threshold for 4 months. In the rolling 6-month window t test for regional outbreak status, the final P value ≤.10 implies a rejection of the null hypothesis (at the α=.10 level) that the region as a whole was not in an outbreak for the period from November 5, 2022, to May 5, 2023. From January 2022 onward, nearly every sequenced SARS-CoV-2 specimen in the region was identified as the Omicron variant.

Conclusions
While COVID-19 continued to circulate in East Asia and the Pacific region, transmission rates had fallen below outbreak status by the time of the WHO declaration. Compared to other global regions, East Asia and the Pacific region had the latest outbreaks driven by the Omicron variant. COVID-19 appears to be endemic in the region, no longer reaching the threshold for a pandemic definition. However, the late outbreaks raise uncertainty about whether the pandemic was truly over in the region at the time of the WHO declaration.
Predictive Factors and the Predictive Scoring System for Falls in Acute Care Inpatients: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saito Chihiro , Nakatani Eiji , Sasaki Hatoko , E Katsuki Naoko , Tago Masaki , Harada Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Falls in hospitalized patients are a serious problem, resulting in physical injury, secondary complications, impaired activities of daily living, prolonged hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Establishing a fall prediction scoring system to identify patients most likely to fall can help prevent falls among hospitalized patients.

Objectives
This study aimed to identify predictive factors of falls in acute care hospital patients, develop a scoring system, and evaluate its validity.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study involved patients aged 20 years or older admitted to Shizuoka General Hospital between April 2019 and September 2020. Demographic data, candidate predictors at admission, and fall occurrence reports were collected from medical records. The outcome was the time from admission to a fall requiring medical resources. Two-thirds of cases were randomly selected as the training set for analysis, and univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting fall risk. We scored the fall risk based on the estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and constructed a fall prediction scoring system. The remaining one-third of cases was used as the test set to evaluate the predictive performance of the new scoring system.

Results
A total of 13,725 individuals were included. During the study period, 2.4% (326/13,725) of patients experienced a fall. In the training dataset (n=9150), Cox regression analysis identified sex (male: HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.21‐2.13), age (65 to <80 years: HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.48‐3.44; ≥80 years: HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60‐3.92 vs 20-<65 years), BMI (18.5 to <25 kg/m²: HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.94‐1.97; <18.5 kg/m²: HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.01‐2.44 vs ≥25 kg/m²), independence degree of daily living for older adults with disabilities (bedriddenness rank A: HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.26‐2.60; rank B: HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31‐3.14; rank C: HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.83‐1.83 vs rank J), department (internal medicine: HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92‐1.64; emergency department: HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.26‐2.60 vs department of surgery), and history of falls within 1 year (yes: HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.21‐2.27) as predictors of falls. Using these factors, we developed a fall prediction scoring system categorizing patients into 3 risk groups: low risk (0-4 points), intermediate risk (5-9 points), and high risk (10-15 points). The c-index indicating predictive performance in the test set (n=4575) was 0.733 (95% CI 0.684‐0.782).

Conclusions
We developed a new fall prediction scoring system for patients admitted to acute care hospitals by identifying predictors of falls in Japan. This system may be useful for preventive interventions in patient populations with a high likelihood of falling in acute care settings.
An Ontology for Digital Medicine Outcomes: Development of the Digital Medicine Outcomes Value Set (DOVeS)
Authors: Rosner Benjamin , Horridge Matthew , Austria Guillen , Lee Tiffany , Auerbach Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Background
Over the last 10-15 years, US health care and the practice of medicine itself have been transformed by a proliferation of digital medicine and digital therapeutic products (collectively, digital health tools [DHTs]). While a number of DHT classifications have been proposed to help organize these tools for discovery, retrieval, and comparison by health care organizations seeking to potentially implement them, none have specifically addressed that organizations considering their implementation approach the DHT discovery process with one or more specific outcomes in mind. An outcomes-based DHT ontology could therefore be valuable not only for health systems seeking to evaluate tools that influence certain outcomes, but also for regulators and vendors seeking to ascertain potential substantial equivalence to predicate devices.

Objective
This study aimed to develop, with inputs from industry, health care providers, payers, regulatory bodies, and patients through the Accelerated Digital Clinical Ecosystem (ADviCE) consortium, an ontology specific to DHT outcomes, the Digital medicine Outcomes Value Set (DOVeS), and to make this ontology publicly available and free to use.

Methods
From a starting point of a 4-generation–deep hierarchical taxonomy developed by ADviCE, we developed DOVeS using the Web Ontology Language through the open-source ontology editor Protégé, and data from 185 vendors who had submitted structured product information to ADviCE. We used a custom, decentralized, collaborative ontology engineering methodology, and were guided by Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry principles. We incorporated the Mondo Disease Ontology (MONDO) and the Ontology of Adverse Events. After development, DOVeS was field-tested between December 2022 and May 2023 with 40 additional independent vendors previously unfamiliar with ADviCE or DOVeS. As a proof of concept, we subsequently developed a prototype DHT Application Finder leveraging DOVeS to enable a user to query for DHT products based on specific outcomes of interest.

Results
In its current state, DOVeS contains 42,320 and 9481 native axioms and distinct classes, respectively. These numbers are enhanced when taking into account the axioms and classes contributed by MONDO and the Ontology of Adverse Events.

Conclusions
DOVeS is publicly available on BioPortal and GitHub, and has a Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA that is intended to encourage stakeholders to modify, adapt, build upon, and distribute it. While no ontology is complete, DOVeS will benefit from a strong and engaged user base to help it grow and evolve in a way that best serves DHT stakeholders and the patients they serve.
Variation in Species Diversity of Epilithic Bryophytes Along the Karst Rocky Desertification Gradient
Authors: Dong Chen 
Published: January 2025

Karst rocky desertification is a distinctive landscape formed by the exposure of rock surfaces, where epilithic bryophytes dominate the plant communities. Despite their prevalence, these mosses have received relatively little attention, and the species diversity of lithophilous mosses remains inadequately understood. In this study, we conducted field collections and laboratory identifications of epilithic bryophytes across various karst habitats exhibiting different levels of rocky desertification, aiming to elucidate the patterns of species diversity within these environments. Our findings reveal a total of 47 moss species, belonging to 11 families and 28 genera, with species distribution patterns as follows: PRD (22 species) > MRD (18 species) > SRD (14 species) > NRD (12 species) > LRD (11 species). Notably, the PRD and MRD habitats harbor the highest number of endemic species, each with 8 endemic species, while the other three habitats each contain 5 endemic species. Among these, Eurohypnum leptothallum is a common species across all habitats and represents a dominant species in the karst region. Four distinct moss growth forms were identified in the study area, with proportions as follows: Wefts (75%) > Turfs (15%) > Pentants (8%) > Cushion (2%). The Wefts growth form is ubiquitous across all habitats and is the most prevalent, whereas the proportion of Pendants increases along the rocky desertification gradient, showing a higher degree of adaptation to more severely desertified environments. The α-diversity indices (richness index (R), Simpson index (D), Pielou index (E), and Shannon-Wiener index (H)) exhibit an "M"-shaped distribution along the desertification gradient, indicating the selective effects of desertification processes and the dynamic changes in species over time. The β-diversity index further suggests low species similarity between different habitats, with the similarity index (Cs) between NRD and SRD habitats being as low as 0.08, signifying substantial shifts in species composition. These results provide valuable insights into the changes in species diversity of lithophilous mosses along the rocky desertification gradient and enhance our understanding of the moss species diversity in karst rocky desertification areas.
Modeling of thermal stresses on steel beam
Authors: Dalipi Bashkim , Syla Naim , Aliaj Fisnik , Zeqiraj Arbër 
Published: January 2025

When a metal separates two environments with different temperatures, then because of the temperature gradient in the metal, thermal stresses will appear. To address this phenomenon, we will take the example of a steel beam, which is part of a metal construction. The geometry of the beam is regular and one end of it is subjected to a continuous emission of heat (for example, it is close to the oven) while the other end is in contact with the surrounding external environment. For simplicity, we will assume that the heat emission is constant, so the temperature of the edge of the beam is also constant. Likewise, for the temperature of the other end, we will assume that it is constant. Let the temperature of the first end be , while that of the second end is , then the difference causes the flow of heat, respectively the occurrence of thermal stresses. Mathematically, heat flow is described by a differential equation in the temperature field, while the functional dependence of the deformation is described by a differential equation in the field of structures - Hooke's law. So, we have two differential equations from two fields: thermal and structural. We have solved them with the finite element method in temperature-structure coupled field, while the simulation in ANSYS. The algorithm of the FE method and the simulation in ANSYS prove that the treatment can be done for other integration conditions (geometry, material and different temperatures).
Skarb wczesnośredniowiecznych grzywien srebrnych z miejscowości Bużyska koło Drohiczyna
Authors: Bienia Mieczysław , Śnieżko Grzegorz 
Published: January 2025

Artykuł dotyczy skarbu wczesnośredniowiecznych grzywien srebrnych z miejscowości Bużyska, gm. Korczew, w pobliżu Drohiczyna. Przedmioty ukryte w 2 poł. XII lub 1 poł. XIII stulecia odnaleziono w 2005 r., podczas badań wykopaliskowych na terenie wielokulturowej osady (stan. 10/54, na obszarze AZP 53–81). Zespół składał się z 11 grzywien srebrnych, z których 10 należy do tzw. typu czernihowskiego, a jedenasta to sztabka litewska, zwana też zachodnioruską. W tekście zamieszczono opis okoliczności odkrycia oraz charakterystykę typologiczną i dane metryczne (wymiary i wagę) odnalezionych sztabek. Zaprezentowano również wyniki analiz składu pierwiastkowego metalu, z którego odlano przedmioty. Badania wykonane metodą SEM-EDS, ze względu na niewielką liczbę przeprowadzonych dotychczas analiz specjalistycznych, będą miały duże znaczenie dla przyszłych studiów nad grzywnami.
The Násávárre Indigenous–Industry Dialogue: Knowledges and Agency in the Permit Process
Authors: Broderstad Else Grete , Gross Lena 
Published: January 2025

This paper offers an insight into a single case study, the permit process of the Nasa mountain – Násávárre mining case in Nordland County, Norway. At Násávárre, the Chinese-owned mining company Elkem plans to open a pit mine to extract quartz. The area in question has the highest reindeer density in Nordland County, and the proposed mining operation would affect five Indigenous Sámi reindeer herding districts on both the Norwegian and the Swedish side of Sápmi. Despite incentives aimed at improving corporate respect for Indigenous rights such as the OECD Due Diligence Guidance, Indigenous peoples often face asymmetric power relations and uneven playing fields, particularly in terms of costs and capacity to respond to corporate positions on and understandings of Indigenous knowledges and rights. The knowledge base of this encounter, as it is experienced by the reindeer herders, can be discussed in terms of structural and agential factors. Our analysis focuses on the extent to which the reindeer herders have been enabled to engage with Elkem, with a particular emphasis on the reindeer herders’ experience of how their knowledges have been assessed by the company. The work is based on a review of case documents.
Efektivitas Jaklapor pada Aplikasi Jaki (Jakarta Kini) sebagai Implementasi New Public Service
Authors: Aulia Ananda Nury , Fauziah Rizki 
Published: January 2025

In the 21st century, there has been a paradigm shift of Public Administration to public services in response to globalization and the complexity of people's needs. The UK has implemented public service reform through the Open Public Service program since 2013, while in Indonesia, especially the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, bureaucratic reform adopts collaborative public services through Jakarta Smart City and the JAKI application as a New Public Service innovation for effective, democratic, and measurable services. The transformation of public services in Jakarta, especially the management of public complaints, occurs through the JAKI application with a one-stop complaint system, shortening the span of service control, increasing effectiveness, and providing community satisfaction. The theoretical foundation includes service effectiveness, the concept of New Public Service (NPS), and the concept of Smart City with the integration of information and communication technology. The formulation of the research problem discusses the evaluation of the effectiveness of handling complaints through the JAKI application and the factors that influence it with qualitative methods using questionnaires, documentation, and literature studies. Data was obtained from JAKI users in Jakarta and information sources from Jakarta Smart City, journals, and other secondary data. The results of the study are expected to provide insights for the improvement and development of public services in the digital era.
Empowering females through beauty for better life program as corporate social responsibility
Authors: Rodiah Saleha , Dida Susanne , Maryani Eni , Mustaffa Normah 
Published: January 2025

Background: Low-economic Female Heads of Household (FHH) needs to be empowered amidst a patriarchal culture. The Female Heads of Household Empowerment Foundation (PEKKA) has developed a partnership with L’Oreal to empower FHH through hairdressing training, called Beauty for a Better Life (BFBL). Purpose: This study investigated the FHH empowerment program as a corporate social responsibility in Cianjur through the framework of partnership, support, and impact. Methods: This case study adopted a qualitative approach with seven informants. It examined FHH empowerment activities under the L’Oreal CSR program in Cianjur. Data was obtained through interviews, observations, and literature studies. Analysis techniques consisted of data collection, data reduction and presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: Partnerships are established to open FHH access to resources and build economic independence. Support for the CSR implementation includes competent coaches, funds, curricula, products, and advocacies. The program successfully empowers the community economically, increases self-confidence, and builds motivation for self-capacity. Conclusion: The partnership overcomes the obstacles of FHHs to engage in the CSR program. L’Oreal has supported the FHH with the CSR program towards a sustainable and advanced community. The training results have a positive impact and support for empowered FHH. Implications: This study suggested enhancement of FHH access to education, employment, or other resources. Besides, strengthening self and family capacity has a significant long-term impact on improving economic and social independence. Furthermore, inter-sector collaboration is vital to support the FHH empowerment and to deliver recommended policies to improve the effectiveness of relevant programs in the future.
Dampak Penghapusan Ketentuan Pidana Pencemaran Limbah B3 Oleh Korporasi Industri Kelapa Sawit Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Rahmi Wijaya Annisa , Yandriza  , Tenofrimer  
Published: January 2025

The Palm Oil industry produces Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3). However, along with the development of legal regulations in Indonesia, Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Cipta Kerja was born. This legal reform has an impact on several changes in a statutory provision, one of which is the provision regarding the environment. One of the changes in the ratification of the Job Creation Law is the elimination of criminal sanctions for environmental crimes which are replaced with administrative sanctions. The provisions in the Job Creation Law that abolish Article 102 of the UUPPLH where the abolition of this article can no longer be subject to criminal liability to any person who manages B3 waste without a permit. The research used is normative legal research using the Status Approach. This research is descriptive in nature which is organized systematically. The results of the study state that the impact of the palm oil industry on B3 waste pollution provides convenience for corporations, but reduces the quality of life of the surrounding community. This also affects environmental legal protection, such as the lack of deterrent effects, non-optimal ecological recovery, and poor environmental supervision. With the Cipta Kerja Law, corporations are only subject to administrative sanctions for such violations
Military and security objectives in the US National Security Strategy: The Trump administration as model
Authors: الباحث رياض جليل  , ا.د حارث قحطان عبد الله  
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The American National Security Strategy announced by Donald Trump in 2017 is considered one of the most rapid American strategies in its preparation, as it was announced in the same year of Trump assuming power. This strategy carries with it a set of political, military, security, and economic objectives. It gave great scope to the military and security aspect of it, as they are Two essential elements of American national security in ensuring American hegemony and protecting interests and influence around the world, as achieving military and security goals depends on what is determined by the strategy and directions of each administration, and this became clear in Trump’s strategy, as his strategic directions for dominance militarily and economically played a major role in shaping A major and dangerous turning point in the history of successive administrations of the United States of America, starting with the actual use of military force, cyber-attacks, leading military alliances, and ignoring several international issues., This was evident in the increase in the efficiency of the American army in launching strict strikes against terrorist groups and armed factions and cutting off the supplies of armed groups from the main financing countries. , To her, strengthening cyber defense systems against external threats and launching multiplying attacks against countries that destabilize US, national security.
Nascimento prematuro durante a pandemia da COVID 19
Authors: Moura Gabriela dos Santos , Vetorazo Jabneela Vieira 
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise detalhada dos dados relacionados a nascimentos prematuros em gestantes diagnosticadas com COVID-19 durante o período pandêmico, além de investigar as repercussões clínicas da doença tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com recorte temporal de 2019 a 2024 em bases de dados como PubMed e mecanismo de busca Google Acadêmico, referente a gestação e covid-19. Resultados: A grande parte dos estudos analisados nessa revisão apontam para características clínicas específicas e desfechos tanto maternos quanto fetais em mulheres grávidas que contraíram a COVID-19. Os estudos ressaltam que, frequentemente, as gestantes infectadas podem não apresentar sintomas ou apresentar apenas sintomas leves, o que realça a importância do rastreamento ativo desse grupo de pacientes. Em relação aos resultados obstétricos, não foi observada uma clara associação entre o tipo de parto e a transmissão da doença para o neonato, enquanto em alguns estudos apontam uma possível correlação entre a COVID-19 e o parto prematuro. Considerações finais: A COVID-19 apresenta desafios únicos para mulheres grávidas, com impactos significativos na saúde materna e neonatal.