bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing vaccine delivery
Authors: Kerr Matthew D. , Johnson Wade T. , McBride David A. , Chumber Arun K. , Shah Nisarg J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSustained release of vaccine components is a potential method to boost efficacy compared with traditional bolus injection. Here, we show that a biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)‐scaffold, termed HA cryogel, mediates sustained antigen and adjuvant release in vivo leading to a durable immune response. Delivery from subcutaneously injected HA cryogels was assessed and a formulation which enhanced the immune response while minimizing the inflammation associated with the foreign body response was identified, termed CpG‐OVA‐HAC2. Dose escalation studies with CpG‐OVA‐HAC2 demonstrated that both the antibody and T cell responses were dose‐dependent and influenced by the competency of neutrophils to perform oxidative burst. In immunodeficient post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplanted mice, immunization with CpG‐OVA‐HAC2 elicited a strong antibody response, three orders of magnitude higher than dose‐matched bolus injection. In a melanoma model, CpG‐OVA‐HAC2 induced dose‐responsive prophylactic protection, slowing the tumor growth rate and enhancing overall survival. Upon rechallenge, none of the mice developed new tumors suggesting the development of robust immunological memory and long‐lasting protection against repeat infections. CpG‐OVA‐HAC2 also enhanced survival in mice with established tumors. The results from this work support the potential for CpG‐OVA‐HAC2 to enhance vaccine delivery.
Association of CDX2 and mucin expression with chemotherapeutic benefits in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer
Authors: Gao Xianchun , Han Weili , Chen Ling , Li Hongwei , Zhou Fenli , Bai Bin , Yan Junya , Guo Yong , Liu Kun , Li Wenjiao , Li Renlong , Yuan Qiangqiang , Zhang Jiehao , Lu Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaodi , Ji Gang , Li Mengbin , Zhao Qingchuan , Wu Kaichun , Li Zengshan , Nie Yongzhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBetter predictors of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy are urgently needed. This study aimed to assess the ability of CDX2 and mucin markers to predict prognosis and fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits.MethodsCDX2 and mucin protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared with survival and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in a prospective evaluation cohort of 782 stage II/III GC patients. Then, the main findings were validated in an independent validation cohort (n = 386) and an external mRNA sequencing dataset (ACRG cohort, n = 193).ResultsIn the evaluation cohort, CDX2, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expressions were observed in 59.7%, 26.7%, 27.6%, 55.1%, and 57.7% of patients, respectively. However, only the expression of CDX2 was found to be associated with adjuvant chemotherapy benefits. Most importantly, CDX2‐negative patients had a poorer prognosis when treated with surgery only, while the prognosis of CDX2‐negative and CDX2‐positive patients was similar when receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Further analysis revealed that patients with CDX2 negative tumors benefited from chemotherapy (5‐year overall survival rates: 60.0% with chemotherapy vs. 23.2% with surgery‐only, p < 0.001), whereas patients with CDX2 positive tumors did not (pinteraction = 0.004). Consistent results were obtained in the validation and ACRG cohorts.ConclusionsNegative expression of CDX2 is an independent risk factor for survival in stage II/III GC, but subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy is able to compensate for this unfavorable effect. Therefore, active chemotherapy is more urgent for patients with negative CDX2 expression than for patients with positive CDX2 expression.
Methods for the purification and detection of single nucleotide KRAS mutations on extrachromosomal circular DNA in human plasma
Authors: Bøllehuus Hansen Lasse , Jakobsen Sandra Fugl , Zole Egija , Noer Julie Boertmann , Fang Li Tai , Alizadeh Sefa , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Mohiyuddin Marghoob , Regenberg Birgitte 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundsDespite recent advances, many cancers are still detected too late for curative treatment. There is, therefore, a need for the development of new diagnostic methods and biomarkers. One approach may arise from the detection of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), which is part of cell‐free DNA in human plasma.AimsFirst, we assessed and compared two methods for the purification of eccDNA from plasma. Second, we tested for an easy diagnostic application of eccDNA liquid biopsy‐based assays.Materials & MethodsFor the comparison we tested a solid‐phase silica purification method and a phenol/chloroform method with salt precipitation.For the diagnostic application of eccDNA we developed and tested a qPCR primer‐based SNP detection system, for the detection of two well‐established cancer‐causing KRAS mutations (G12V and G12R) on circular DNA. This investigation was supported by purifying, sequencing, and analysing clinical plasma samples for eccDNAs containing KRAS mutant alleles in 0.5 mL plasma from 16 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients and 19 healthy controls.ResultsIn our method comparison we observed, that following exonuclease treatment a lower eccDNA yield was found for the phenol/chloroform method (15.7%–26.7%) compared with the solid‐phase purification approach (47.8%–65.9%).For the diagnostic application of eccDNA tests, the sensitivity of the tested qPCR assay only reached ~10−3 in a background of 105 wild type (wt) KRAS circular entities, which was not improved by general amplification or primer‐based inhibition of wt KRAS amplification. Furthermore, we did not detect eccDNA containing KRAS in any of the clinical samples.DiscussionA potential explanation for our inability to detect any KRAS mutations in the clinical samples may be related to the general low abundance of eccDNA in plasma.ConclusionTaken together our results provide a benchmark for eccDNA purification methods while raising the question of what is required for the optimal fast and sensitive detection of SNP mutations on eccDNA with greater sensitivity than primer‐based qPCR detection.
Histologic heterogeneity predicts patient prognosis of HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective study based on SEER database
Authors: Wang Yajie , Liang Yiran , Ye Fangzhou , Luo Dan , Jin Yuhan , Li Yaming , Zhao Wenjing , Chen Bing , Wang Lijuan , Yang Qifeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a worse prognosis. Little is known about the relationship between histology and prognosis among different distant metastasis sites (DMS). Our aims were to explore the prognostic value of histologic subtypes in different DMS and screen out specific subtypes with particular DMS that need more attention in HER2+ MBC.MethodsHER2+ MBC patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2014. Chi‐squared tests were utilized to compare histologic subtypes in four DMS. The logistic regression analyses were used to control confounding factors. The log‐rank tests were used to analyze the correlation of histologic subtype with disease‐specific survival and overall survival. The survival data was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsA total of 1174 HER2+ MBC patients were involved. First, the distribution of histological subtypes varied across metastatic sites, and the proportions of metastatic sites in different histological subtypes were also different. Furthermore, different histological subtypes within specific DMS showed divergent prognoses, and the different outcomes were shown by distinct DMS for specific histological subtypes. Among them, lobular carcinoma (ILC) subtypes showed the worst prognosis in bone metastasis, and lung metastasis predicted the worst prognosis in infiltration duct and lobular carcinoma (IDC‐ILC) subtypes. After further consideration of hormone receptor (HR) status, the IDC‐ILC subtype with liver metastasis in HR+/HER2+ MBC patients and the ILC subtype with bone metastasis in HR−/HER2+ MBC patients proved to be noteworthy.ConclusionsHistological subtypes are involved in determining the heterogeneity of HER2+ MBC patient prognosis, which is helpful to guide the prognosis prediction and monitoring of HER2+ breast cancer patients in clinics.
How to set safety boundary in virtual reality: A dynamic approach based on user motion prediction
Authors: Wang Haoxiang , Che Xiaoping , Chang Enyao , Qu Chenxin , Luo Yao , Wei Zhenlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) interaction safety is a prerequisite for all user activities in the virtual environment. While seeking a deep sense of immersion with little concern about surrounding obstacles, users may have limited ability to perceive the real‐world space, resulting in possible collisions with real‐world objects. Nowadays, recent works and rendering techniques such as the Chaperone can provide safety boundaries to users but confines them in a small static space and lack of immediacy. To solve this problem, we propose a dynamic approach based on user motion prediction named SCARF, which uses Spearman's correlation analysis, rule learning, and few‐shot learning to achieve prediction of user movements in specific VR tasks. Specifically, we study the relationship between user characteristics, human motion, and categories of VR tasks and provides an approach that uses biomechanical analysis to define the interaction space in VR dynamically.We report on a user study with 58 volunteers and establish a three dimensional kinematic dataset from a VR game. The experiments validate that our few‐shot learning model is effective and can improve the performance of motion prediction. Finally, we implement SCARF in VR environment for dynamic safety boundary adjustment.
In Vitro Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Effects of Ten Novel Synthesized 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: Alaylar Burak , Güllüce Medine , Turhan Kadir , Koç Taha Y. , Karadayı Mehmet , Tuğcu F. Tülay , Isaoglu Mine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds are found in a variety of drug molecules, and bioactive natural products. 4‐Thiazolidinones (4‐TZDs), which represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds, are of great interest today with their diverse bioactivities. In this study, ten novel 4‐TZD derivatives (C1–C10) were synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and their genotoxic, and antigenotoxic properties were investigated in vitro using the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay in the concentration range of 0.2–1.0 mM/plate. The results revealed that none of the compounds were mutagenic on the three different Salmonella typhimurium strains up to the highest concentration tested. Furthermore, in our study, C1, C4, C6, and C9 showed significant, ranging from moderate to strong, antigenotoxic effects against mutagen‐induced DNA damage at relatively higher doses. Among these, C4 had the best potential to inhibit the number of revertant colonies induced by 9‐aminoacridine (9‐AA), with a maximum inhibition rate of 47.9 % for 1.0 mM/plate. As a result, preliminary knowledge about the safety of the use of ten novel synthesized 4‐TZD compounds likely to exhibit many bioactivities was obtained in this study. In addition, the significant in vitro antimutagenic activity of some derivatives increases the importance of studies for the development of new pharmacological agents for cancer prevention.
Hydrodynamic Simulation and Analysis Using Computational Fluid Dynamics: Electrochemical Reactors and Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Meena Ram Raj , Kumar Sushil , Soni Pramod 
Published: August 2023

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the analysis and optimization of electrochemical reactors and redox flow batteries are reviewed. Various factors are covered which affect the efficiency of electrochemical reactors and redox flow batteries created using CFD simulation approaches, including physical and chemical factors, such as pH, treatment time, temperature, and the conductivity of the solution, as well as design elements like inter‐electrode distance and electrode materials. Different hydrodynamic variables are discussed that impact the efficiency of these systems, such as pressure distribution, velocity, tracer mass fraction, geometry, flow‐based electrochemical energy storage, and residence time distribution. Although CFD methods are reliable, more straightforward, and cost‐effective, also the limitations of CFD and the challenges are considered that remain in its development and application in electrochemical engineering. The significant progress made in the use of CFD to study electrochemical reactors and redox flow batteries and the technology's potential to improve the efficiency and sustainability of these technologies are emphasized.
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: A rare case report of prenatal treatment
Authors: Giouleka Sonia , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Zachomitros Fotios , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare but serious condition. The first‐line antenatal management of FNAIT consists of weekly IVIG with or without corticosteroids, ideally starting before 16 weeks of gestation.
Polyserositis caused by tuberculosis in a young female patient with hypothyroidism: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Solela Gashaw , Kedir Ferhan , Daba Merga 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessagesThe diagnosis of polyserositis due to tuberculosis (TB) is complex and challenging, which may cause delays in treatment. TB should be ruled out first before attributing polyserositis to any other cause like hypothyroidism, particularly in high TB burden countries.AbstractPolyserositis has numerous causes and frequently occurs in neoplasia, autoimmune disorders, endocrine conditions like hypothyroidism, and infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB). The diagnosis of TB polyserositis is complex and challenging, which may cause the start of definitive therapy to be delayed. Here, we report the case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who presented with abdominal distension for 3 weeks associated with shortness of breath, cough, excessive fatigue, and loss of appetite. Thyroid function tests were suggestive of primary hypothyroidism, and later on, sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF test turned out to be positive. She was initially started on oral levothyroxine and then anti‐TB medications. The polyserositis resolved a month after the initiation of anti‐TB drugs. TB should be ruled out first before attributing polyserositis to any other cause like hypothyroidism, particularly in high TB burden countries. Microbiologic tests, such as GeneXpert, remain the most important tools to make a diagnosis of TB and start anti‐TB medications early.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma as a sign of hyperparathyroidism in a patient under hemodialysis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yousefian Marzieh , Aghakouchakzadeh Arezoo , Torki Sajad 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessagePeripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign reactive exophytic oral lesion that originates from the periosteum or the periodontal ligament. It exclusively develops on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a possible etiology for its development. HPT is an endocrine disorder characterized by increased secretion of the parathyroid hormone (PTH). This case report describes a case of recurring PGCG in a patient diagnosed with secondary HPT after paraclinical assessment.
Flexible g‐C3N4 Enhancing Superior Cycling Stability of ZnFe2O4‐Fe2O3 Nanosheet Composites as High‐Capacity Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Jian , Hu Lin , Xu Hui , Yang Zhong , Li Jianping , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor lithium‐ion batteries, iron‐based oxides are expected to be the next generation of anode materials because of their high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, and affordability. Although, like most transition metal oxides, iron‐based oxides suffer from poor electrical conductivity and cycling performance, volume expansion during charging and discharging, and easily agglomerated. g‐C3N4 has a graphene‐like layered structure consisting of nitrogen‐linked C6N7 repeating units. The abundant nitrogen content can improve the wettability of the electrode and electrolyte, thus improving the lithium charge transfer process, and secondly g‐C3N4 is less expensive and easier to prepare than graphene. Here, we report composites with metal oxide nanosheets (ZnFe2O4−Fe2O3) attached to softly curved g‐C3N4 nanosheets. When used as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, after 300 cycles at the current density of 500 mA g−1, ZFO‐Fe2O3/g‐C3N4 offers the discharge specific capacity (1518.5 mAh g−1) and can still deliver 639.2 mAh g−1 at the high current density (10 A g−1). Due to the introduction of g‐C3N4 alleviated the volume change of the electrode, shortened the diffusion distance of Li+ and provided more reactive sites, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance of ZFO‐Fe2O3/g‐C3N4.
Function‐Led Design of Covalent‐Organic‐Framework Membranes for Precise Ion Separation
Authors: Meng Qing‐Wei , Wu Di , Wang Sai , Sun Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInsufficient access to clean water and resources has emerged as one of the most pressing issues affecting people globally. Membrane‐based ion separation has become a focal point of research for the generation of fresh water and the extraction of energy elements. This Review encapsulates recent advancements in the selective ion transport of covalent organic framework (COF) membranes, accomplished by strategically pairing diverse monomers to create membranes with various pore sizes and environments for specific purposes. We first discuss the merits of using COF materials as a basis for fabricating membranes for ion separation. We then explore the development of COF membranes in areas such as desalination, acid recovery, and energy element extraction, with a particular emphasis on the fundamental principles of membrane design. Lastly, we address both theoretical and practical challenges, as well as potential opportunities in the targeted design of ion‐selective membranes. The goal of this Review is to stimulate future investigative efforts in this field, which is of significant scientific and strategic importance.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Exposure–Response Modeling of Nedosiran in Participants With Severe Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Amrite Aniruddha , Fuentes Ernesto , Marbury Thomas C. , Zhang Steven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNedosiran is an investigational RNA‐interference therapeutic in development for primary hyperoxaluria (PH). Because nedosiran undergoes renal clearance, we assessed its pharmacokinetic profile in non‐PH participants with normal kidney function and Stages 4/5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), the latter with/without dialysis. Nedosiran exposure–response modeling in patients with PH Subtype 1 (PH1) with different renal function level was performed to recommend a nedosiran dose for this subpatient population. In this open‐label, single‐dose, Phase 1 study, 24 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD Stages 4/5; on hemodialysis [Groups 1a, 1b] and not on hemodialysis [Group 2]) and 10 participants with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; Group 3) received a single dose of subcutaneous nedosiran sodium 170 mg. Group 1a received nedosiran 8 hours before beginning hemodialysis, Group 1b received nedosiran 2 hours after completing hemodialysis; Group 2 was not on hemodialysis. Nedosiran population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analyses were conducted using pooled data from this study and 4 others. Nedosiran pharmacokinetic exposure in non‐PH participants with CKD Stages 4/5 was approximately 2‐fold higher versus participants with normal kidney function. Hemodialysis timing relative to nedosiran administration had no clinically significant impact on pharmacokinetics (Group 1a vs 1b). Nedosiran was well tolerated. Modeling indicated that in patients with PH1 with CKD Stages 4/5, lower nedosiran doses provide similar exposure and potential reduction in 24‐hour urinary oxalate to standard nedosiran doses in patients with PH1 with normal kidney function or CKD Stages 2/3. Nedosiran dosage reductions are recommended in patients with PH1 with CKD Stages 4/5; further adjustments are unnecessary if dialysis is started.
Synthesis, Growth, Thermal and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Studies of Bisglycine Lithium Perchlorate Single Crystal
Authors: Revathi P. , George Merin , Philip Bessy Mary , Nair Sutheertha S. , Jose Bibin K. , Shereena Elsy , Ittyachan Reena , Balakrishnan T. , Sajan D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe synthesis as well as the results of the investigations on the structure as well as properties ‐ thermal, mechanical, surface and nonlinear optical of semiorganic bisglycine lithium perchlorate (BGLP) single crystals are herein recorded. BGLP single crystal with dimensions 14× 3 × 2 mm3 has been synthesized and its structure and lattice parameters have been identified with the aid of X‐ray diffraction. The vibrational spectrum of BGLP has been investigated making use of FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra. Optical transmittance and absorption is examined by UV–vis spectroscopy with thickness 2 mm and it is shown that the crystal is highly transparent with a lower cut‐off of 287 nm. The optical bandgap is evaluated as 5.7 eV. The dielectric constant is found to show variations with frequency as well as temperature, which remains constant at high frequencies. Dielectric loss is found to decrease with the applied electric field. BGLP is manifested to be thermally stable up to 256 °C as revealed from thermogravimetric analyses. The 2D nucleation mechanism in the growth of BGLP crystals is understood from etching studies. By implementing Z‐scan studies with a He─Ne laser as a source, the nonlinear absorption coefficient, susceptibility, and third order nonlinear refractive index are all computed.
Relationship between governance diversity and company growth: Evidence from the FT 1000 Europe's fastest growing companies
Authors: Lippi Andrea , Torelli Riccardo , Caccialanza Andrea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe issue of diversity within the boards of directors (BoD) of companies is a key topic; however, it is still highly focused on gender diversity. In this study, several elements of BoD diversity are related to economic variables other than profitability, namely corporate growth, by analysing the fifth annual Financial Times (FT) 1000 ranking based on the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). These results indicate that gender diversity does not affect corporate growth. Instead, the BoD's age and members' educational levels play a key role.
Stakeholders, social and environmental impact management as key factors of the corporate social management in the mining industry: A Peruvian case study
Authors: Saenz Cesar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is known that companies manage their stakeholders and their social and environmental impacts to achieve a good relationship with the community. Therefore, this research aims to know the strategies used by mining companies when different levels of stakeholder management and social and environmental impact management variables are involved. For this purpose, qualitative research with case study methodology is carried out, collecting information from various sources such as interviews, document analysis, and audio‐visual material. The result shows a framework based on the literature review and where different scenarios are shown according to the degree of the variables studied and the strategies used. Four main corporate strategies were found: sustainable, legalistic, business‐oriented, and compensating.