bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization independent silicon on calcium fluoride-based MIR optical modulator
Authors: Abd-Elkader Ahmed El-Sayed , Younis B. M. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient mid-infrared (MIR) optical modulator is reported and numerically analyzed for both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized modes. The proposed design is based on the silicon-on-calcium-fluoride platform with vanadium dioxide (VO2) as a phase changing material. Due to the attractive property of its phase transition between dielectric (ON) and metallic (OFF) states under the effect of an applied electric field, VO2 is utilized to enable the modulation process. At an operating wavelength of 3.5 μm, the reported modulator realizes an extinction ratio (ER) of 10.9 dB/μm with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.24 dB/μm for the TE polarized mode. However, for the TM polarized mode, an ER, and IL of 9.5 dB/μm, and 0.19 dB/μm, respectively are achieved. Additionally, the suggested design has a good fabrication tolerance of ± 10% where the ER is better than 10.4 dB/μm and 8.6 dB/μm for the TE and TM polarized modes with IL less than 0.26 dB/ μm. Therefore, the suggested modulator can play a pivotal role in different MIR applications including imaging, sensing, security, and communications.
Entropy, prediction and the cultural ecosystem of human cognition
Authors: Fernandez Velasco Pablo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMajor proponents of both Distributed Cognition and Predictive Processing have argued that the two theoretical frameworks are strongly compatible. An important conjecture supporting the union of the two frameworks is that cultural practices tend to reduce entropy —that is, to increase predictability— at all scales in a cultural cognitive ecosystem. This conjecture connects Distributed Cognition with Predictive Processing because it shows how cultural practices facilitate prediction. The present contribution introduces the following challenge to the union of Distributed Cognition and Predictive Processing: the problem of entropic cultural practices. The problem lies in the existence of multiple cultural practices that tend to increase entropy instead of reducing it. This paper discusses these entropic cultural practices and the nature of the problem at hand. Finally, the paper advances an expanded conception of cultural practices that could unite the two frameworks and explores the difficulties of committing to such a conception.
Face your heart: resting vagally mediated Heart Rate Variability Shapes Social Attributions from facial appearance
Authors: Bagnis Arianna , Ottaviani Cristina , Mattarozzi Katia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhylogenetic theories suggest resting vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) as a biomarker for adaptive behavior in social encounters. Until now, no study has examined whether vmHRV can predict individual differences in inferring personality traits and intentions from facial appearance. To test this hypothesis, resting vmHRV was recorded in 83 healthy individuals before they rated a series of faces based on their first impression of trustworthiness, dominance, typicality, familiarity, caring, and attractiveness. We found an association between individual differences in vmHRV and social attributions from facial appearance. Specifically, higher levels of vmHRV predicted higher scores on ratings of caring and trustworthiness, suggesting that strangers’ faces are more likely to be perceived as safer. The present results suggest that higher levels of vmHRV (compared with lower levels of vmHRV) are associated with the tendency to minimize social evaluative threat and maximize affiliative social cues at a first glance of others’ faces.
Post–sign-off events in infectious disease consultation and the incidence of nonadherence to infectious disease recommendations in the post–sign-off period: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takamatsu Akane , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Infectious diseases (ID) consultation has contributed to improving outcomes in hospitalized patients. However, the timing of signing off on ID consultation varies, depending on the consulting ID physician. We studied the descriptive epidemiology of treatment-related adverse events (ADEs) occurring after the ID physician has signed off on consultation and the epidemiology and predictors of nonadherence to ID recommendations in the post–sign-off period.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Japanese tertiary-care center. All patients who received ID consultation between January and December 2019 and treatment recommendations for a confirmed or suspected infectious disease were included. The incidence of any treatment-related ADE after signing off, nonadherence to the final ID recommendations, and factors associated with nonadherence to the ID recommendations were identified.

Results:
In total, 367 patients receiving ID consultation were included. The incidence of post–sign-off events during index hospitalization was 59 (16.1%) of 367, with antimicrobial-associated ADEs accounting for 26 events (44.1%) and HAIs accounting for 13 events (22.0%). After excluding patients who discontinued treatment, nonadherence to ID recommendations was identified in 55 (15.7%) of 351 patients. Newly acquired HAIs during the index hospitalization after signing off on ID consultation was an independent risk factor for nonadherence to ID recommendations (adjusted odds ratio, 3.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–12.52).

Conclusions:
Post–sign-off events were common and led to nonadherence to ID recommendations during the post–sign-off period. Because this nonadherence occurs for various reasons, patients may require continued attention after signing off to ensure their safety.
Pseudo-Families as a Way of Coping with Incarceration by Female Offenders: An Explorative Study of Kgoši Mampuru II and Johannesburg Female Correctional Centres in the Gauteng Province of South Africa
Authors: Munarini Tshilidzi Peter , Thobane Mahlogonolo Stephina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research sought to study how women cope with incarceration by exploring the pseudo-family phenomenon in female correctional centres, specifically in Kgoši Mampuru II and Johannesburg in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The study employed a qualitative research approach to investigate the phenomenon. The research participants were selected through non-probability sampling, namely purposive, convenience and snowball methods. At the Kgoši Mampuru II centre, 21 offenders and seven officials were interviewed, while 15 offenders and six officials were interviewed at Johannesburg. In total, 36 offenders and 13 officials, including the two heads, were interviewed from both centres. The researchers chose theories on the sociology of corrections, specifically the deprivation and importation models, due to their suitability to explain the phenomenon under investigation. This study found that: (1) pseudo-families are structures or relationships that resemble families in general society; and (2) female offenders are motivated to join pseudo-families due to the need for protection, the need for belonging and comfort, and for smuggling contraband.
Systematic paleontology of macroalgal fossils from the Tonian Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup
Authors: Maloney Katie M. , Maverick Dakota P. , Schiffbauer James D. , Halverson Galen P. , Xiao Shuhai , Laflamme Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProterozoic eukaryotic macroalgae are difficult to interpret because morphological details required for proper phylogenetic studies are rarely preserved. This is especially true of morphologically simple organisms consisting of tubes, ribbons, or spheres that are commonly found in a wide array of bacteria, plants, and even animals. Previous reports of exceptionally preserved Tonian (ca. 950−900 Ma) fossils from the Dolores Creek Formation of Northwestern Canada feature enough morphological evidence to support a green macroalgal affinity. However, the affinities of two additional forms identified on the basis of the size distribution of available specimens remain undetermined, while the presence of three unique algal forms supports other reports of increasing algal diversity in the early Neoproterozoic. Archaeochaeta guncho new genus new species is described as a green macroalga on the basis of its well-preserved morphology consisting of an unbranching, uniseriate thallus with uniform width throughout and possessing an elliptical to globose anchoring holdfast. A larger size class of ribbon-like forms is interpreted as Vendotaenia sp. A third size class is significantly smaller than Archaeochaeta n. gen. and Vendotaenia, but in the absence of clear morphological characters, it remains difficult to assign. As Archaeochaeta n. gen. and Vendotaenia represent photoautotrophic taxa, these findings support the hypothesis of increasing morphological complexity and phyletic diversification of macroalgae during the Tonian, leading to dramatic changes within benthic marine ecosystems before the evolution of animals.
Stochastic error and biases remain in blind wine ratings
Authors: Bodington Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalyses and aggregations of the ratings that wine critics and judges assign to wines are made difficult by stochastic error and biases that remain even when wines are assessed blind to price, label, capsule, and closure. Stochastic error is due to the partially random nature of ratings. Cognitive and omitted-variable biases are due to anchoring, expectation, serial position, commercial, and other factors. Differences in decanting, filtering, aeration, and temperature can also affect ratings.
Terrestrial ecosystem transformations in response to rapid climate change during the last deglaciation around Mono Lake, California, USA
Authors: Benfield Adam J. , Ivory Sarah J. , Hodelka Bailee N. , Zimmerman Susan R.H. , McGlue Michael M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine major reorganizations of the terrestrial ecosystem around Mono Lake, California during the last deglacial period from 16,000–9,000 cal yr BP using pollen, microcharcoal, and coprophilous fungal spores (Sporormiella) from a deep-water sediment core. The pollen results record the assemblage, decline, and replacement of a mixed wooded community of Sierran and Great Basin taxa with Alkali Sink and Sagebrush Steppe biomes around Mono Lake. In particular, the enigmatic presence of Sequoiadendron-type pollen and its extirpation during the early Holocene hint at substantial biogeographic reorganizations on the Sierran-Great Basin ecotone during deglaciation. Rapid regional hydroclimate changes produced structural alterations in pine–juniper woodlands facilitated by increases in wildfires at 14,800 cal yr BP, 13,900 cal yr BP, and 12,800 cal yr BP. The rapid canopy changes altered the availability of herbaceous understory plants, likely putting pressure on megafauna populations, which declined in a stepwise fashion at 15,000 cal yr BP and 12,700 cal yr BP before final extirpation from Mono Basin at 11,500 cal yr BP. However, wooded vegetation communities overall remained resistant to abrupt hydroclimate changes during the late Pleistocene; instead, they gradually declined and were replaced by Alkali Sink communities in the lowlands as temperature increased into the Early Holocene, and Mono Lake regressed.
An aerodynamic model for flapping-wing flight
Authors: DeLaurier J. D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA design-oriented model for the unsteady aerodynamics of a flapping wing has been developed using a modified strip theory approach. Within this constraint, vortex-wake effects are accounted for as well as partial leading edge suction and post stall behaviour. Also, the contributions of sectional mean angle of attack, camber, and friction drag are added, which allows this model to be used for the calculation of the average lift, as well as the thrust, power required, and propulsive efficiency of a flapping wing in equilibrium flight. An example of such calculations is presented in the performance prediction of a mechanical flying pterosaur replica.
Further study of high speed single free jets
Authors: Moustafa G. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperiments to study the behaviour of a compressible free jet issuing from an axisymmetric convergent nozzle are reported. Detailed measurements of the mean flow field for subsonic, sonic and underexpanded sonic jets was made within the pressure ratio range of 1.13 to 4. The results show that the spread and decay rates of the jet vary significantly with pressure ratio. The results further indicate the radial velocity/total pressure collapse within the two-dimensional shear layer data. The underexpanded jet propagates to a greater distance downstream than the low speed jets; this leads to enhancement of the far field mixing.
Ḥamza versus Rustam: Comparing theḤamzanāmawith theShāhnāma
Authors: Yamamoto Kumiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper compares theḤamzanāma(Book of Ḥamza) with theShāhnāma(Book of Kings), the two most popular works performed by the storytellers of Safavid Iran (1501–1736), focusing on their heroes, Ḥamza and Rustam, respectively. Following an overview of theḤamzanāmathat helps to identify its main intertexts, themes, and narrative elements: theShāhnāma; the Islamic Alexander tradition; andʿayyārī(trickery); the paper re-examines how Ḥamza is modelled after Rustam by looking at his epithets and narrative functions. It then turns to their differences, which are most discernible in Rustam's epithet used as the name of Ḥamza's enemy, the split between the ideals ofjawānmardī(generosity) andʿayyārī, and Ḥamza's unheroic weaknesses. This latter serves to emphasize God's compassion at his martyrdom while giving storytellers an impetus to continue their performances.
The longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and internalizing symptoms: Bidirectionality and mediation by friend support
Authors: Siennick Sonja E. , Turanovic Jillian J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternalizing symptoms have been linked to bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescence. However, the directions of any causal relationships remain unclear, and limited research has identified the mechanisms that explain the associations. Given the salience of peer relationships during the teenage years, we examine whether perceived support from friends is one such mechanism. By using a transactional framework and four waves of longitudinal panel data on over 900 youth, we test both cross-lagged and indirect associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, internalizing symptoms, and perceived friend support. Our method represents one of the most rigorous tests to date of the mutual influences among these factors. The results show that internalizing symptoms and perceived friend support were reciprocally linked to bullying victimization, but perceived support did not predict internalizing symptoms, and bullying perpetration neither preceded nor followed perceived support or internalizing symptoms. There were no significant indirect paths between bullying involvement and internalizing symptoms through perceived friend support. The results provide only partial support for a transactional model in which bullying victimization, support, and internalizing symptoms are reciprocally related. The implications of these findings for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
Piloting a Layperson Prehospital Care System in Rural Uganda
Authors: Brown Heather A. , Stratton Amanda J. , Gill Joseph , Robinson Spencer F. , Tumisiime Vincent , Brady Caroline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction:In many low-income countries, basic prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) remain under-developed, resulting in significant delays or the complete inability to access care.Study Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a layperson EMS training targeting motorcycle taxi (boda) drivers in a rural region of Uganda.Methods:Fifty (50) adult boda drivers from Masindi, Uganda were selected for a one-day training course including lectures and simulation. Course content covered basic prehospital skills and transport. Participants were given a first responder kit at completion of the course. Understanding of material was assessed prior to training, immediately after course completion, and four months from the initial course using the same ten question test. Test means were analyzed using a standard linear regression model. At the four-month follow up, all 50 boda drivers participated in semi-structured small group qualitative interviews regarding their perception of the course and experiences implementing course skills in the community. Boda drivers were asked to complete a brief form on each patient transported during the study period. For patients transported to Masindi Kitara Medical Center (MKMC), hospital trauma registry data were analyzed.Results:Trainees showed both knowledge acquisition and retention with pre-test scores of 21.8% improving to 48.0% at course completion and 57.7% at the four-month follow up. Overall, participant’s scores increased by an average of 35% from the pre-test to the second post-test (P <.001). A total of 69 patient forms were completed on transported patients over the initial four-month period. Ninety-five percent (95%) of these were injured patients, and motorcycle crash was the predominant mechanism of injury (48% of injuries). Eight patients were transported to MKMC, but none of these patients were recorded in the hospital trauma registry. Major barriers identified through semi-structured interviews included harassment by police, poor road conditions, and lack of basic resources for transport. Ninety-four percent (94%) of trainees strongly agreed that the training was useful. Total costs were estimated at $3,489 USD, or $69 per trainee.Conclusion:Motorcycle taxi drivers can be trained to provide basic prehospital care in a short time and at a low cost. While there is much enthusiasm for additional training and skill acquisition from this cohort, the sustainability and scalability of such programs is still in question.
Who is donating to political parties in Queensland, Australia? An analysis of political donations from the food industry
Authors: Russell Cherie , Hussain Nurul Amanina Binte , Sievert Katherine , Cullerton Katherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Australia’s dominant food system encourages the overconsumption of foods detrimental for human and planetary health. Despite this, Australia has limited policies to reduce the burden of disease and protect the environment. Political donations from the food industry may contribute to policy inertia on this issue. We aimed to explore the extent of political donations made by the food industry in Queensland and investigate the timing of public health nutrition policies in relation to these donations.Design:We collected publicly declared political donations data in Queensland, Australia, as it has the most transparent donation records. Policy data were sourced from the Australian National and Queensland State Parliaments, and consultations from the Australian and New Zealand Ministerial Forum on Food Regulation.Setting:Queensland, Australia.Participants:Not applicable.Results:The Liberal National Party (LNP) received 68 % of all donations, with most immediately preceding the 2017 and 2020 state elections. The Australian Labor Party, despite forming government for the time period under study, received only 17 % of total donations. Most donations were given by the meat industry, followed by the sugar industry. Few policies exist to protect and improve human and planetary health, with limited associations with political donations for most industries except sugar.Conclusions:Industry preference for the LNP, particularly as most donations coincided with election periods, may be due to the party’s emphasis on minimal state involvement in economic and social affairs. The relationship between industry donations and policies is not clear, partly due to the limited number of policies implemented overall.
Paraffin gauze bolus as tissue compensator in photon irradiation for mycosis fungoides – regarding a case study
Authors: Pires André M. , Borges Fátima , Dias Anabela G. , Joana Lencart , Matos Marisa , Gonçalves Joana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Total skin electron beam therapy is a treatment option in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) affecting a significant amount of the body surface. For patients with involvement of soles and interdigital folds, however, this approach is ineffective, requiring alternatives such as localised radiotherapy (RT). Although electron beams are well suited for superficial lesions, on irregular surfaces it provides inadequate tumour coverage and excess dose variance, requiring photon irradiation with tissue compensation.

Methods:
We present the case of a patient with extensive cutaneous MF with skin lesions spread over both lower limbs and treated on these affected areas with photon beam RT. Long sheets of paraffin gauze dressings were used to create a 0·5-cm-thick bolus. The patient received a single fraction of 8 Gy. In vivo dosimetry using Gafchromic films was performed.

Results:
After 3 months, a complete response was achieved. In this case, paraffin gauze bolus proved to be an inexpensive, convenient, effective and flexible method for irregular superficial cancer irradiations.

Conclusion:
Paraffin gauze bolus is a suitable option for irregular contours.
Back‐Arc Tectonics and Plate Reconstruction of the Philippine Sea‐South China Sea Region Since the Eocene
Authors: Liu Jinping , Li Sanzhong , Cao Xianzhi , Dong Hao , Suo Yanhui , Jiang Zhaoxia , Zhou Jie , Li Xiyao , Zhang Ruixin , Liu Lijun , Foulger Gillian Rose 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInsight into the evolution of Philippine Sea‐South China Sea (SCS) plate motions helps reveal the driving mechanisms of the long‐term tectonic complexity in Southeast Asia. Here, based on the integration of the most recent geological and seismic data, we present a new plate reconstruction model for this region characterized by back‐arc extension and subduction since the Eocene. We suggest that the western boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate was a constant sinistral strike‐slip fault at 55–22 Ma with a clockwise self‐rotation. The connection between the SCS and Shikoku Ridges possibly initiates at 30 Ma, when their spreading times overlapped indicating an affinitive origin and magma source. Regional‐scale geodynamic simulations interfaced with our reconstructed plate motion indicate that the seismic high‐velocity body under the SCS is likely to be the leading edge of the Pacific Slab.