bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's shyness and physiological arousal to a peer's social stress
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Sosa‐Hernandez Linda , Green Emma S. , Wilson McLennon , Labahn Claudia , Henderson Heather A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious work has shown that children's shyness is related to personal anxiety during social stress, but we know little about how shyness is related to anxiety during a peer's social stress. Children (Mage = 10.22 years, SD = 0.81, N = 62) were paired with an unfamiliar peer and engaged in a speech task while electrocardiography was recorded. We modeled changes in children's heart rate, a physiological correlate of anxiety, while they observed their peer prepare and deliver a speech. Results revealed that the observing child's shyness related to increases in their heart rate during their peer's preparation period, but modulation of this arousal was sensitive to the presenting peer's anxious behavior while delivering their speech. Specifically, if the presenting child displayed high levels of anxious behavior, the observing child's shyness was related to further increases in heart rate, but if the presenting child displayed low levels of anxious behavior, the observing child's shyness was related to decreases in heart rate from the preparation period. Shy children may experience physiological arousal to a peer's social stress but can regulate this arousal based on social cues from the peer, which may be due to heightened social threat detection and/or empathic anxiety.
First mitogenome phylogeny of the sun bear Helarctos malayanus reveals a deep split between Indochinese and Sundaic lineages
Authors: Kunde Miriam N. , Barlow Axel , Klittich Achim M. , Yakupova Aliya , Patel Riddhi P. , Fickel Jörns , Förster Daniel W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sun bear Helarctos malayanus is one of the most endangered ursids, and to date classification of sun bear populations has been based almost exclusively on geographic distribution and morphology. The very few molecular studies focussing on this species were limited in geographic scope. Using archival and non‐invasively collected sample material, we have added a substantial number of complete or near‐complete mitochondrial genome sequences from sun bears of several range countries of the species' distribution. We here report 32 new mitogenome sequences representing sun bears from Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships revealed two matrilines that diverged ~295 thousand years ago: one restricted to portions of mainland Indochina (China, Cambodia, Thailand; “Mainland clade”), and one comprising bears from Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia but also Thailand (“Sunda clade”). Generally recent coalescence times in the mitochondrial phylogeny suggest that recent or historical demographic processes have resulted in a loss of mtDNA variation. Additionally, analysis of our data in conjunction with shorter mtDNA sequences revealed that the Bornean sun bear, classified as a distinct subspecies (H. m. euryspilus), does not harbor a distinctive matriline. Further molecular studies of H. malayanus are needed, which should ideally include data from nuclear loci.
Using mechanistic insights to predict the climate‐induced expansion of a key aquatic predator
Authors: Urban Mark C. , Nadeau Christopher P. , Giery Sean T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmeliorating the impacts of climate change on communities requires understanding the mechanisms of change and applying them to predict future responses. One way to prioritize efforts is to identify biotic multipliers, which are species that are sensitive to climate change and disproportionately alter communities. We first evaluate the mechanisms underlying the occupancy dynamics of marbled salamanders, a key predator in temporary ponds in the eastern United States We use long‐term data to evaluate four mechanistic hypotheses proposed to explain occupancy patterns, including autumn flooding, overwintering predation, freezing, and winterkill from oxygen depletion. Results suggest that winterkill and fall flooding best explain marbled salamander occupancy patterns. A field introduction experiment supports the importance of winterkill via hypoxia rather than freezing in determining overwinter survival and rejects dispersal limitation as a mechanism preventing establishment. We build climate‐based correlative models that describe salamander occupancy across ponds and years at two latitudinally divergent sites, a southern and middle site, with and without field‐collected habitat characteristics. Correlative models with climate and habitat variation described occupancy patterns better than climate‐only models for each site, but poorly predicted occupancy patterns at the site not used for model development. We next built hybrid mechanistic metapopulation occupancy models that incorporated flooding and winterkill mechanisms. Although hybrid models did not describe observed site‐specific occupancy dynamics better than correlative models, they better predicted the other site's dynamics, revealing a performance trade‐off between model types. Under future climate scenarios, models predict an increased occupancy of marbled salamanders, especially at the middle site, and expansion at a northern site beyond the northern range boundary. Evidence for the climate sensitivity of marbled salamanders combined with their disproportionate ecological impacts suggests that they might act as biotic multipliers of climate change in temporary ponds. More generally, we predict that top aquatic vertebrate predators will expand into temperate‐boreal lakes as climate change reduces winterkill worldwide. Predaceous species with life histories sensitive to winter temperatures provide good candidates for identifying additional biotic multipliers. Building models that include biological mechanisms for key species such as biotic multipliers could better predict broad changes in communities and design effective conservation actions.
Recent advances in multimode microfluidic separation of particles and cells
Authors: Song Yongxin , Li Deyu , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrofluidic separation of particles and cells is crucial to lab‐on‐a‐chip applications in the fields of science, engineering, and industry. The continuous‐flow separation methods can be classified as active or passive depending on whether the force involved in the process is externally imposed or internally induced. The majority of current separations have been realized using only one of the active or passive methods. Such a single‐mode process is usually limited to one‐parameter separation, which often becomes less effective or even ineffective when dealing with real samples because of their inherent heterogeneity. Integrating two or more separation methods of either type has been demonstrated to offer several advantages like improved specificity, resolution, and throughput. This article reviews the recent advances of such multimode particle and cell separations in microfluidic devices, including the serial‐mode prefocused separation, serial‐mode multistage separation, and parallel‐mode force‐tuned separation.
Solar photovoltaic water pump performance optimization by using response surface methodology
Authors: Waila Vipan Chand , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Vineet , Gupta Naveen Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe constant depletion of the existing energy sources and their environmental effects have generated interest in employing renewable energy sources to power water pumping systems, such as solar‐photovoltaic. The research addresses the optimal photovoltaic (PV) power output, solar radiation, operating head, and tilt angle for maximum solar energy used to capture more solar radiation for solar water pumping for irrigation purposes. In order to get the best performance from the solar PV water pump, such as discharge (Q), hydraulic power (PH), pump efficiency (ήp), and overall efficiency (ήo), the design of experiments‐based response surface methodology was implemented in this work. The data required for the RSM model were obtained from the experimental work performed at location 28.67° N, 77.21° E, Delhi, India. The experiments performed at five different ranges of input variables PV power output (4000, 4250, 4500, 4750, and 5000 W), Solar radiation (200, 350, 500, 650, and 800 W/m2), operating head (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 m) Tilt angle (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°). The best output parameters The best conditions for a solar PV water pump (16.8 m3/h discharge, 1.85 kW hydraulic power, 81.15% pump efficiency, and 16.12% overall efficiency) were discovered to be Po 5000 W, SA 260 W/m2, Head 35 m, and TA 19°. The predicted result was validated using an RSM‐based solution, and the error% was found to be within acceptable limits (>5%). The desirability 0.963 of the model was indicating the good solution.
Enhancing the network specific individual characteristics in rs‐fMRI functional connectivity by dictionary learning
Authors: Jain Pratik , Chakraborty Ankit , Hafiz Rakibul , Sao Anil K. , Biswal Bharat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost fMRI inferences are based on analyzing the scans of a cohort. Thus, the individual variability of a subject is often overlooked in these studies. Recently, there has been a growing interest in individual differences in brain connectivity also known as individual connectome. Various studies have demonstrated the individual specific component of functional connectivity (FC), which has enormous potential to identify participants across consecutive testing sessions. Many machine learning and dictionary learning‐based approaches have been used to extract these subject‐specific components either from the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal or from the FC. In addition, several studies have reported that some resting‐state networks have more individual‐specific information than others. This study compares four different dictionary‐learning algorithms that compute the individual variability from the network‐specific FC computed from resting‐state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs‐fMRI) data having 10 scans per subject. The study also compares the effect of two FC normalization techniques, namely, Fisher Z normalization and degree normalization on the extracted subject‐specific components. To quantitatively evaluate the extracted subject‐specific component, a metric named is proposed, and it is used in combination with the existing differential identifiability metric. It is based on the hypothesis that the subject‐specific FC vectors should be similar within the same subject and different across different subjects. Results indicate that Fisher Z transformed subject‐specific fronto‐parietal and default mode network extracted using Common Orthogonal Basis Extraction (COBE) dictionary learning have the best features to identify a participant.
Using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes to estimate soil water evaporation loss under continuous evaporation conditions
Authors: Li Yang , Huo Siyuan , Guo Jing , Sun Jie , Pan Jie , Wang Deng , Tan Qiankun , Pei Bingbing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in estimating soil water evaporation loss under continuous evaporation conditions is crucial for gaining insight into soil water movement processes under different conditions. In this study, via high‐frequency meteorological monitoring and continuous soil water measurements, we investigated the variation of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and soil water fluxes with soil depth and time for soil water at different depths under continuous evaporation conditions. The precipitation isotope δrain and soil water flux changes were determined using the Craig‐Gordon model. It was shown that the isotopic fractionation of soil water in the surface layer 0–30 cm was dominated by a gaseous‐dominated transport process, and that both the δ18O and δD values and evaporative intensity decreased with increasing soil depth. In terms of time dynamics, the evaporation loss of soil water varies continuously with seasons and is the highest during summer. The use of δ18O to quantify the soil water evaporation loss provides greater accuracy than that provided by δD. The relative errors in the evaporation loss calculated based on δ18O and δD were 13% and 34%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis of each parameter indicated that the relative error calculated by the model is primarily determined by temperature and relative humidity uncertainty. The sensitivity analysis reveals the critical evaporation intensity of soil water at various depths from unsteady to steady state evaporation. When the relative humidity changes by 1%, the evaporation loss fraction changes from 0.001 to 0.034. The results of this study are important for quantifying the soil water resources in arid and semi‐arid areas without precipitation using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
Phosphorus Corroles: Tuning of their Photophysical and Redox Properties via Axial Ligation and Macrocycle Modification
Authors: Sinha Woormileela , Fridman Natalia , Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven the increased interest in phosphorus corroles for many applications, we now report how their photophysical variables and redox potentials may be tuned. This was performed by focusing on a series of derivatives that significantly differ in terms of the chelating corrole macrocycle: three C6F5vs. three CF3substituents on themeso‐C atoms, Hvs. Br atoms on the β‐pyrrole positions, and monomericvs. dimeric (throughβ‐pyrrole C−C bonds). Also studied was the effect of the phosphorus axial ligands, hydroxidevs. fluoride.
miRNA‐128 and miRNA‐223 regulate cholesterol‐mediated drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Palma Gabriella Bianca Henriques , Kaur Mandeep 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the second most common malignancy worldwide and 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+). Endocrine therapy, Tamoxifen (TAM), is a popular treatment for ER+ breast cancer patients; however, despite its success in reducing breast cancer mortality, cancer drug resistance remains a significant challenge. A major contributor to this resistance is the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, where breast cancer cells have elevated cholesterol levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of cholesterol‐related and cancer drug resistance pathways, and their aberrant expression often confers resistance. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the roles of miRNA‐128 and miRNA‐223 in cholesterol‐mediated TAM resistance.MethodsThree breast cancer cell lines were treated with a combination of 1 μM TAM and 10 μM of a cholesterol depleting agent (Acetyl Plumbagin: AP) following transfection with a miR‐128 inhibitor or a miR‐223 mimic. Cell viability and cholesterol levels were assessed using an MTT assay and fluorescence staining, respectively. In addition, expression levels of several genes and proteins involved in cancer drug resistance and cholesterol homeostasis were also assessed using RT‐qPCR and western blotting.ResultsThe combination treatment with altered miRNA expression led to reduced cell viability due to a reduction in free cholesterol and lipid rafts in MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and long‐term estrogen‐deprived cells (resistant breast cancer cells). Moreover, reduced miR‐128 expression was favoured in all breast cancer cell lines as this alteration lowered the expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and transport, drug resistance, and cell signalling.ConclusionsInvestigating the gene expression profiles in different breast cancer cell lines was important to elucidate further the molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA‐regulated cholesterol homeostasis and cancer drug resistance. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that miR‐128 and miR‐223 could be potential targets in reducing TAM resistance through the depletion of excess cholesterol.
Enhancement of luminous efficacy of polymer light‐emitting diodes with silver‐nanoparticles by oxygen‐plasma treatment
Authors: Chen Sy‐Hann , Hong Yi‐Wen , Chau Yuan‐Fong Chou , Huang Hung Ji , Chiang Hai‐Pang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSilver‐nanoparticles deposited on indium tin oxide (AgNPs/ITO) with different O2‐plasma treatment times are used as the anode window substrate for polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLED). When AgNPs/ITO with an O2‐plasma treatment time of 10 min is used for PLED, a maximum current efficiency of 3.33 cd/A is realized, which is notably higher than that of a reference PLED (1.00 cd/A). Compared to those of the reference PLED, the mean current efficiency and electroluminescence intensity of the optimal PLED are enhanced by 3.24 times and 480%, respectively. O2‐plasma treatment is an easy method for optimizing the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of metal nanoparticles, exhibiting advantages of scalable mass production and high suitability for applications in related optoelectronic components.
Evidence of dissolved trivalent manganese in acidic forest soils
Authors: Lux Constantin , Mansfeldt Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of trivalent manganese (Mn3+) in the aqueous phase of soils is unknown so far although this strong oxidant has large environmental implications.AimsWe aimed to modify a spectrophotometric protocol (porphyrin method) and to discriminate between Mn2+ and Mn3+ in the aqueous phase of forest soils based on kinetic modeling.MethodsWe investigated manganese speciation in 12 forest floor solutions and 41 soil solutions from an acidic forest site by adjusting pH and correcting for absorbance.ResultsThe solutions showed broad ranges in pH (3.4−6.3), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 1.78−77.1 mg C L−1), and total Mn (MnT, 23.9−908 µg L−1). For acidic solutions, a pH‐buffer was added to increase the pH of the solutions to 7.5−8.0, and background absorption was corrected for colored solutions, that is, solutions high in DOC. This was done to accelerate the reaction kinetics and avoid overestimation of MnT concentrations. After the pH and color adjustments, the comparison of MnT concentrations between the porphyrin method and optical emission spectrometry showed good agreement. Trivalent Mn, which is stabilized by organic ligands, constitutes significant proportions in both forest floor solutions (10−87%) and soil solutions (0.5−74%).ConclusionsThe dissolved Mn3+ is present in acidic forest soils. Thus, we revise the paradigm that this species is not stable and encourage to apply the revised method to other soils.
High‐efficiency folded optics for near‐eye displays
Authors: Luo Zhenyi , Ding Yuqiang , Rao Yi , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPancake lens structure offers a promising solution to compact formfactor for near‐eye displays. However, utilizing a half mirror to triple the optical path length causes a dramatic optical loss. The theoretical maximum optical efficiency is only 25%. To balance the tradeoff between compact formfactor and optical efficiency, here we propose a new folded optical structure with a doubled efficiency and doubled optical path length, using two polarization‐selective cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors. Simulation results agree with the experiment reasonably well. Two display configurations are established to evaluate the imaging performances of the proposed pancake lens structure.
Systemic vascular photobiomodulation accelerates the recovery of motor activity in rats following spinal cord injury
Authors: Tobelem Daysi da C. , Andreo Lucas , Silva Tamiris , Malavazzi Tainá C. S. , Martinelli Andreia , Horliana Anna Carolina R. T. , Fernandes Kristianne P. S. , Bussadori Sandra K. , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes the discontinuity of the spinal canal, leading to functional and sensorial losses in areas below the injury, which are often irreversible. Photobiomodulation (PBM) can enhance the neuromuscular repair process, especially in cases of peripheral nerve injuries. However, there is little knowledge regarding the effects of this therapeutic modality on recovery following a SCI, especially the noninvasive systemic form denominated vascular PBM (VPBM). To analyze the effects of VPBM in the immediate, acute and intermediate phases following a compression‐induced SCI on morphological aspects of neuromuscular tissue repair, functional recovery and the protein expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).MethodsWistar rats were divided into five groups: control, SCI, SCI + VPBM‐Im (immediate administration of VPBM), SCI + VPBM‐2h (VPBM administered 2 h after injury) and SCI + VPBM‐14d (VPBM administered 14 days after injury). VPBM was administered in the region of the caudal vein/artery with low‐level laser (AsGaAl, 780 nm, 80 J/cm², 40 mW for 80 s, totaling an energy of 3.2 J over a single point) for 14 consecutive days. During the analysis periods (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after injury), functioning was evaluated using the Basso‐Beattie‐Bresnahan (BBB) index. At the end of each experimental period, blood samples were collected for the determination of the concentration of circulating BDNF using ELISA. Muscle tissue and nerve tissue samples were also extracted for morphological and histological analyses using H&E staining.ResultsSCI + VPBM‐Im and SCI + VPBM‐2 h led to the recovery of motor function beginning on the 7th day after injury (p < 0.05), an increase in the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the muscle fibers in the second week (p < 0.05) and an increase in muscle fiber diameter beginning on Day 14 (p < 0.05). Early irradiation had a greater effect on the reduction in the size of the cavity, with stabilization of the cavity found on Day 7 (p < 0.05). Considering the circulating BDNF levels, no changes was found during the experimental periods.ConclusionThe present results showed that VPBM was capable of modulating morphological and functional recovery following SCI, especially when administered early. The positive effects on functional recovery were demonstrated by the BBB index; the reestablishment of the structure of the muscle and nerve tissue was demonstrated by the preservation of CSA and diameter of muscle fiber and reduction in the area of the injury (cavity size) respectively. Thus, noninvasive VPBM may be an important component of treatment for spinal cord injuries.
The Process‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymer Particles
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Huang Changhang , Zhang Liangshun , Andelman David , Man Xingkun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe kinetic paths of structural evolution and formation of block copolymer (BCP) particles are explored using dynamic self‐consistent field theory (DSCFT). It is shown that the process‐directed self‐assembly of BCP immersed in a poor solvent leads to the formation of striped ellipsoids, onion‐like particles and double‐spiral lamellar particles. The theory predicts a reversible path of shape transition between onion‐like particles and striped ellipsoidal ones by regulating the temperature (related to the Flory–Huggins parameter between the two components of BCP, χAB) and the selectivity of solvent toward one of the two BCP components. Furthermore, a kinetic path of shape transition from onion‐like particles to double‐spiral lamellar particles, and then back to onion‐like particles is demonstrated. By investigating the inner‐structural evolution of a BCP particle, it is identified that changing the intermediate bi‐continuous structure into a layered one is crucial for the formation of striped ellipsoidal particles. Another interesting finding is that the formation of onion‐like particles is characterized by a two‐stage microphase separation. The first is induced by the solvent preference, and the second is controlled by the thermodynamics. The findings lead to an effective way of tailoring nanostructure of BCP particles for various industrial applications.