bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of exposure to scented candles and prevalence of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms amongst young university students
Authors: Al Khathlan Noor , Basuwaidan Meaad , Al Yami Sarah , Al-Saif Fatimah , Al-Fareed Salam , Ansari Khalid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Incense burning such as scented candles are commonly used in Arabian Gulf regions as it is thought to produce relaxing effects on people’s mood. This study is conducted to examine the prevalence of scented candles’ usage, extent of exposure and its effects on individuals’ health based on symptoms prevalence in young university students.

Material and method
A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students from different regions in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected in March 2020 using an online questionnaire survey adapted from The European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II (ECRHS-II). Inclusion criterion for recruitment was students with non-smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographic data on the extent of exposure to scented candles (in terms of frequency and duration) and the presence of symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between scented candles exposure and respiratory and other health-related problems.

Results
The prevalence of scented candles usage was 65.7% (472/718) among the respondents. However, its pervasiveness was significantly higher in females than in male respondents (74.9% vs. 28.4%; p = 0.0001). Among the scented candle users, 34.8% of the respondents used the scented candles more than 4 times a month and 40.2% of the respondents lit the scented candles for 20–40 min. A total of 117 (24.8%) respondents reported health-related problem and the top three health problems were headache 72 (15.2%), shortness of breath 42 (8.9%) and cough 37 (7.8%). The scented candle usage 5–6 times a week showed significantly lower wheezing (OR = 0.10, 95%CI 0.02–0.54, p = 0.008). The duration of more than 60 min of scented candle exposure showed higher occurrence of headache 1.42 times (95% CI = 0.68–2.96), sneezing 1.29 times (95% CI = 0.42-4.00) and wheezing 1.23 times (95% CI = 0.48–3.13), though the association was not significant.

Conclusion
The results show that scented candle usage is more prevalent among female university students in Saudi Arabia. The common health-related problems associated with scented candle exposure were headache, shortness of breath and coughing.
Are delay ages at marriage increasing? Pre-marital sexual relation among youth people in the place of residence in India
Authors: Das Ujjwal , Rout Sasmita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health is a major public health issue throughout the world. At the same time shifting of marriage are undergoing discernible changes in country like India. This paper attempts to examine the effect of delay age at marriage on the risks of pre-marital sexual intercourse for the youth people in the place of residence.

Methods
Data used in the present study is from various annual publications of Sample Registration System (SRS) and four round of National Family Health Survey, which was conducted in 2015–2016. The Kaplan–Meier life table technique and multivariate regression models are used to examine the premarital sex by the place of residence and marriage cohort.

Results
Findings of the study indicate that the reasons underlying delayed marriage differs between blow 21 years age group and 22–30 years age group. Multinomial analysis clearly shows education, wealth quintile and mass media are major controlling factors of delayed age at marriage. Residing in urban adolescent women who belonged to better economic family background and exposed to mass media had a higher probability to experience premarital sexual intercourse than the rural adolescent in delay age group.

Conclusion
The study concludes that the restorative the empowerment of youth especially for women and health care provider should consider a multidimensional approach for higher education among youth people and safe sexual behaviour in pre-marital sexual intercourse.
Effectiveness of alternative approaches to integrating SDOH into medical education: a scoping review
Authors: Nour Nehal , Stuckler David , Ajayi Oluwatobi , Abdalla Mohamed Elhassan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There is increasing recognition of including social determinants of health (SDOH) in teaching for future doctors. However, the educational methods and the extent of integration into the curriculum vary considerably—this scoping review is aimed at how SDOH has been introduced into medical schools' curricula.

Methods
A systematic search was performed of six electronic databases, including PubMed, Education Source, Scopus, OVID (Medline), APA Psych Info, and ERIC. Articles were excluded if they did not cover the SDOH curriculum for medical students; were based on service-learning rather than didactic content; were pilot courses, or were not in English, leaving eight articles in the final study.

Results
The initial search yielded 654 articles after removing duplicates. In the first screening step, 588 articles were excluded after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment; we examined 66 articles, a total of eight included in the study.
There was considerable heterogeneity in the content, structure and duration of SDOH curricula. Of the eight included studies, six were in the United States(U.S.), one in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and one in Israel. Four main conceptual frameworks were invoked: the U.S. Healthy People 2020, two World Health Organisation frameworks (The Life Course and the Michael Marmot's Social Determinants of Health), and the National Academic of Science, Engineering, and Medicine's (Framework For educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health).
In general, programs that lasted longer appeared to perform better than shorter-duration programmes. Students favoured interactive, experiential-learning teaching methods over the traditional classroom-based teaching methods.

Conclusion
The incorporation of well-structured SDOH curricula capturing both local specification and a global framework, combined with a combination of traditional and interactive teaching methods over extended periods, may be helpful in steps for creating lifelong learners and socially accountable medical school education.
“What medical students with better academic results do: a cross-sectional analysis”
Authors: Urrizola Amaia , Santiago Raúl , Gea Alfredo , Rubio Sandra , Vilalta-Lacarra Anna , Rodríguez Javier , Arbea Leire 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
With university material doubling over time, medical students need to learn how to become successful life-long learners. Overall a Deep Approach (DA) to learning, and Self-Regulation (SR) skills are among the elements with a potential to accelerate learning, and Student Engagement (SE) has been associated with better university outcomes. However, specific recommendations concerning what students should do are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify above-average students’ specific attitudes and strategies toward learning.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of the answers to the validated questionnaires Revised Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), SE, and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) of 155 s and third-year students included in a prospective interventional study in the University of Navarre in September 2020 was performed. Students were stratified according to their standardized average mean in above-average (mean > 0) and below-average (mean ≤ 0).

Results
Overall, 67.1% of students scored higher in DA than in Surface Approach (SA) and had very high Intrinsic Value (IV, median 5.9). A higher proportion of above-average students had DA > SA score (72.7% vs 57.1%, p = 0.05), and showed higher scores in SR (median 4.9 vs 4.3, p = 0.007) compared to below-average, while the latter scored higher in SA (median 24.5 vs 23, p = 0.04), and surface motive (median 11 vs 9, p = 0.007). No differences were found in SE, and both groups had average scores in the cooperative dimension. Differences were rooted to hard work, interest over material and prioritizing understanding over rote-learning motives and aligned strategies.

Conclusions
Curricula design and assessment should be aligned to promote DA and SR skills among learners. Furthermore, it is paramount that teachers help instill students with interest over material and encourage understanding and hard work, since are traits associated with better results. More studies concerning metacognition and other promising traits for becoming life-long learners and prepared professionals should be made.
Comparison of attitudes toward the medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management among students, faculty and patients
Authors: Wang Shi , Yan Dan , Hu Xianmin , Liu Juan , Liu Dan , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Shortage of health professionals is one of the most important barriers for community health centers to provide quality primary care for chronic disease patients especially after the outbreak of COVID-19. Under such condition, medical students have been well-accepted as a force multiplier for community-based health service. Community service learning (CSL) based on medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management might be a valuable interactive learning tool in medical education. This study compared the attitudes toward medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management among three stakeholder roles in CSL, including medical students, faculty and patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional comparative survey was conducted using a self-developed questionnaire among the convenience samples of undergraduate students and faculty members from the Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, as well as patient volunteers with chronic diseases recruited from a free on-site clinic offered by a community health center. Attitudes toward medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management were compared among students, faculty and patients.

Results
A total of 515 valid questionnaires were obtained (342 were collected from medical students, 54 from faculty respondents, and 119 from patients). Overall positive attitudes toward medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management were positive. Among the three stakeholder roles, faculty and patients were more supportive of the current inadequate level of primary care provision within the community. However, patient respondents showed more negative attitudes towards using resources in higher medical education system to provide support for primary care practice, and participating in the medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management, and were most skeptical about the medical students’ competency in supporting chronic disease self-management with their professional knowledge and skills. The educational value of CSL for medical undergraduates and the role of faculty instructors were most appreciated by faculty respondents. Additionally, > 62 years old and > 2 kinds of chronic diseases per patient exhibited significant correlations with positive patients’ attitudes.

Conclusions
Medical students, faculty and patients had overall positive attitudes towards CSL based on medical student-led community health education service to support chronic disease self-management. However, more should be done to create higher expectations and enthusiasm of patients about CSL.
Investigation of psychological factors related to compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among nurses
Authors: Yeşil Aslı , Polat Şehrinaz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
While compassion fatigue is evaluated positively in nurses, compassion fatigue and burnout are undesirable from the viewpoint of professionals, service providers, institutions and ultimately society. It is necessary to identify the factors that lead to undesirable results and to reduce their effects. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ levels of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout, various psychopathological symptom levels, coping skills, and the relationship between them.

Methods
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were 356 nurses working in tertiary university hospitals in Istanbul (Türkiye). The Healthcare Professional Information Form, ProQOL-IV, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results
According to the findings, low-level burnout, moderate-high compassion satisfaction, and low-moderate compassion fatigue symptoms were detected. Low-level anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, and negative self-esteem were found. According to the results of regression analysis, mental disengagement and planning coping strategies positively affect the synergy of compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). Turning religion and restraint coping have a positive effect on compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). While depression has a positive effect on burnout, nurses’ positive reinterpretation and growth strategy is effective in coping with burnout (p < 0.05). Positive reinterpretation and growth coping strategies are also effective in increasing job satisfaction (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Nurses showing somatization symptoms are risk factors for compassion fatigue, and nurses showing depression symptoms are risk factors for burnout, so they should be closely monitored and should be given support. Mental disengagement and planning coping strategies can reduce compassion fatigue, and positive reinterpretation and growth methods can reduce burnout and increase compassion satisfaction. It may be useful to provide counseling and training for nurses to use the right coping methods.
Struggling with the governance of interprofessional elderly care in mandated collaboratives: a qualitative study
Authors: Chrifou Rabab , Stalenhoef Hanna , Grit Kor , Braspenning Jozé 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Governing interprofessional elderly care requires the commitment of many different organisations connected in mandated collaboratives. Research over a decade ago showed that the governance relied on clan-based mechanisms, while lacking formal rules and incentives for collaborations. Awareness and reflection were seen as first steps towards progression. We aim to identify critical governance features of contemporary mandated collaboratives by discussing cases introduced by the healthcare professionals and managers themselves.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (n = 24) with two regional mandated collaboratives took place from November 2019 to November 2020 in the Netherlands to learn more about critical governance features. The interviews were thematically analysed by the project team (authors) to synthesise the results and were subsequently validated during a focus group.

Results
Critical governance features of interorganisational activities in mandated collaboratives include the gradual formulation of shared vision and clear client-centred goals, building trust and acquaintanceship for the advancement of an open collaborative culture, establishing a non-extreme formalised governance structure through leadership, mutual trust and innovation support and facilitating information exchange and formalisation tools for optimal elderly care.

Conclusion
Trust and leadership form the backbone of interorganisational functioning. Interorganisational functioning should be seen in light of their national embedment and resources that are (being made) available, which makes them susceptible to constant change as they struggle with balancing between critical features in a fluid and intermingled governance context. The identified critical features of (contemporary) mandated collaboratives may aid in assessing and improving interprofessional functioning within integrated elderly care. International debate on governance expectations of mandated collaboratives may further contribute to sharpening the roles of both managers and healthcare professionals.
Comparison of a directional cement delivery device versus conventional device in unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty for the therapy of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly
Authors: Zhou Xiaoji , Liu Yongtao , Cao Xiaojian , Jin Genyang , Li Hong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). However, bilateral puncture techniques take more time to accept more X-ray radiation; some spinal surgeons apply unilateral puncture PKP, but the cement cannot be symmetrically distributed in the vertebral body, so we apply a directional bone cement delivery device that undergoes PKP through the unilateral pedicle puncture. This research aims to compare the clinical and radiological results of PKP via unilateral pedicle approach using a traditional bone cement delivery device and a directional bone cement delivery device and determine the value of a directional delivery device for the therapy of thoracolumbar compression fracture in the elderly.

Methods
We undertook a retrospective analysis of patients with single-level OVCF treated with unilateral pedicle puncture PKP from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020. Operation time, radiation exposure, bone cement injection volume, and the incidence of bone cement leakage were recorded for presentation, and the cement leakage and bone cement distribution were measured by X-ray and computed tomography scan. The patients were followed up postoperatively and were assessed mainly with regard to clinical and radiological outcomes.

Results
There was no significant difference in the operation time, radiation exposure time, and incidence of bone cement leakage between the two groups. A significant difference was observed in the volume of bone cement injection between the two groups. All patients in both groups had significantly less pain after the procedures, compared with their preoperative period pain. There were no significant differences in Visual Analogue Scale, the relative height of the vertebral body, Cobb angle, and Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis between the two groups at 1 week after PKP, significant difference was observed only 12 months after operation.

Conclusion
Application of directional bone cement delivery device is safe and feasible, compared with the application of traditional bone cement delivery device, without prolonging the operative time, radiation exposure time, and the incidence of bone cement leakage. It has the advantages of good short- and medium-term effect, excellent bone cement distribution, and low incidence of kyphosis recurrence.
A 2.5-cm single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for stage III tuberculous empyema: a case report
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chang Xiujun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Stage III tuberculous empyema is a common disease of tuberculosis. Traditionally, it has been treated by thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with two to four incisions. But conventional surgery has large trauma, large bleeding volume and long recovery time. To our knowledge it is the first report of surgery for stage III tuberculous empyema with a mini single-port approach.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with complaints of intermittent chest pain for half a year. We got the diagnosis of stage III tuberculous empyema after medical treatment. Considering that the patient was young and unmarried, we decided to perform minimally invasive pleural decortication through a 2.5 cm single port. The operation time was 240 min, and blood loss was 100 ml. The patient recovered well and postoperative pain was mild.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates that single-port VATS with a smaller incision for the Stage III tuberculous empyema should be considered in well selected patients.
Prophylaxis protects infants with congenital heart disease from severe forms of RSV infection: an Italian observational retrospective study
Authors: Ratti Chiara , Greca Anna della , Bertoncelli Deborah , Rubini Monica , Tchana Bertrand 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In children with congenital heart disease (CHD) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may have a severe course, with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, requiring hospital admission and intensive care. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prophylaxis with palivizumab in preventing RSV-associated hospitalization in infants with CHD.

Methods
We carried out an observational, retrospective study in a paediatric cardiology division at a secondary-care centre in Italy, extracting from the database children with CHD who, from November 2004 to March 2022, matched the criteria for palivizumab prophylaxis, to evaluate the hospitalization rate in CHD patients with and without palivizumab prophylaxis and their RSV-related hospitalization characteristics compared with a group of children without CHD and no other underlying clinical conditions (control group, CG), hospitalized for RSV infection.

Results
One hundred twenty-eight children with CHD were enrolled in the study, mainly (71.9%) with increased pulmonary flow, and received palivizumab prophylaxis. Twenty-seven received hospital care for bronchiolitis. Almost all CHD patients hospitalized for bronchiolitis (26 out of 27) received partial prophylaxis (≤ 3 doses). CHD patients with bronchiolitis stay longer in the hospital than control (14.4 ± 21.7 days vs 6.2 ± 2.3 days) some of which require intensive care (n = 4).

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence of the efficacy of palivizumab in protecting patients with hemodynamically significant CHD under the age of 2 years from RSV disease and its life-threatening complications. Reducing hospitalisation rate, morbidity, and mortality in this category of patients, passive immune prophylaxis with palivizumab may impact healthcare resource availability and utilisation.
The effect of biochar on nitrogen availability and bacterial community in farmland
Authors: Hu Tian , Wei Jiating , Du Li , Chen Jibao , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeNitrification and denitrification in soil are key components of the global nitrogen cycle. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar application on soil nitrogen and bacterial diversity.MethodsPot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different biochar-based rates 0% (CK), 0.5% (BC1), 1.0% (BC2), 2.0% (BC3), and 4.0% (BC4) on soil nutrient and bacterial community diversity and composition.ResultsThe results indicate that the total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (AN) contents in the soil increased by 4.7–32.3% and 8.3–101.5%, respectively. The microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content increased with increased amounts of biochar rate. The application of biochar also significantly changed the soil bacterial community composition. The copy number of 16S marker gene of related enzymes to the nitrification process in BC2 was reduced by 20.1%. However, the gene expressions of nitric oxide reductase and nitrous oxide reductase in BC3 increased by 16.4% and 16.0%, respectively, compared to those in CK. AN, nitrate nitrogen (NN), and NN/TN were the main factors affecting the structure of the soil bacterial community. In addition, the expressions of nitrite reductase, hydroxylamine, and nitric oxide reductase (cytochrome c) were also significantly correlated.ConclusionTherefore, the applied biochar improved soil nitrogen availability and which ultimately resulted in an environmental risk decrease by soil nitrogen release inhibition.