bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encouraging greater empowerment for adolescents in consent procedures in social science research and policy projects
Authors: Samdal Oddrun , Budin‐Ljøsne Isabelle , Haug Ellen , Helland Trond , Kjostarova‐Unkovska Lina , Bouillon Claire , Bröer Christian , Corell Maria , Cosma Alina , Currie Dorothy , Eriksson Charli , Felder‐Puig Rosemarie , Gaspar Tania , Hagquist Curt , Harbron Janetta , Jåstad Atle , Kelly Colette , Knai Cecile , Kleszczewska Dorota , Kysnes Bjarte Birkeland , Lien Nanna , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Moerman Gerben , Moreno‐Maldonado Concepcion , NicGabhainn Saoirse , Pudule Iveta , Rakic Jelena Gudelj , Rito Ana , Rønnestad Alfred Mestad , Ulstein Madeleine , Rutter Harry , Klepp Knut‐Inge 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasizes the importance of allowing children and adolescents to influence decisions that are important to them following their age and maturity. This paper explores the principles, practices, and implications around using parental versus child/adolescent consent when participating in social science research and policy development. Experiences from two studies are presented: The Confronting Obesity: Co‐creating policy with youth (CO‐CREATE) and the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study, a World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Cross‐National study. Although parental consent may be an important gatekeeper for protecting children and adolescents from potentially harmful research participation, it may also be considered an obstacle to the empowerment of children and adolescents in case they want to share their views and experiences directly. This paper argues that evaluation of possible harm should be left to ethics committees and that, if no harm related to the research participation processes is identified and the project has a clear perspective on collaborating with the target group, adolescents from the age of 12 years should be granted the legal capacity to give consent to participate in the research project. Collaboration with adolescents in the development of the research project is encouraged.
Effect of spinal cord stimulation on quality of life and opioid consumption in patients with failed back surgery syndrome
Authors: Elkholy Mohamed Amgad Elsayed , Nagaty Ahmed , Abdelbar Ahmad Elsayed , Simry Hisham Abdelsalam Mohamed , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFailed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a constellation of conditions occurring after spine surgeries, characterized by the presence of persistent or recurring low back pain that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Neuromodulation in the form of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is considered an indispensable treatment modality in the management of certain chronic pain conditions and it is showing good results for improvement in pain scores and functional capacity of the FBSS patients.ObjectivesTo assess the change in pain scores, quality of life, and opioid medication intake as an outcome of neuromodulation procedures performed on patients diagnosed with failed back surgery syndrome, and to detect the post‐procedure complications.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at two university hospitals in Egypt and the U.S.A. during the period from September 2019 to August 2021 for patients who underwent spinal cord stimulation procedures for FBSS with follow‐up period of at least 1 year. Patients who are 18 years old or older diagnosed with FBSS for more than 6 months and treated with spinal cord stimulation with successful trials during this time frame were included in the study.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included in this study who had successful SCS trials and underwent permanent implantation of SCS devices with post‐procedure follow‐up period of 12 months. Patients showed a median pain numerical rating scale (NRS) of 7/10 at baseline with a median NRS of 4/10 through the follow‐up period. Basic mobility and daily activity scores assessed by activity measure of post‐acute care (AM‐PAC) showed significant improvement from the mean of 16.87 ± 2.74 at baseline to a mean of 19.97 ± 2.93 through follow‐up. In addition, there was a reduction in opioid medication usage. Post‐procedure complications was of low percentage with the most detected were battery dysfunction in 7 patients and pocket pain in 6 patients. Reoperation was needed in 13 patients with 4 needed just revision and 9 patients required a complete removal of the device.ConclusionSpinal cord stimulation is an effective modality of treatment for cases of failed back surgery syndrome with a statistically significant reduction in pain scores and a significant improvement in quality of life. Also, it achieves a recognizable reduction in opioid analgesic medications, with a reliable safety profile as detected with the recorded post‐procedure complications. However, randomized controlled trials with more patients and long‐term follow‐up are highly recommended.
Two problems on the distribution of Carmichael's lambda function
Authors: Pollack Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet denote the exponent of the multiplicative group modulo n. We show that when q is odd, each coprime residue class modulo q is hit equally often by as n varies. Under the stronger assumption that , we prove that equidistribution persists throughout a Siegel–Walfisz‐type range of uniformity. By similar methods we show that obeys Benford's leading digit law with respect to natural density. Moreover, if we assume Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, then Benford's law holds for the order of a mod n, for any fixed integer .
Stability of polydisc slicing
Authors: Glover Nathaniel , Tkocz Tomasz , Wyczesany Katarzyna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe prove a dimension‐free stability result for polydisc slicing due to Oleszkiewicz and Pełczyński. Intriguingly, compared to the real case, there is an additional asymptotic maximizer. In addition to Fourier‐analytic bounds, we crucially rely on a self‐improving feature of polydisc slicing, established via probabilistic arguments.
Comprehensive Performance Analysis and Correlation Fitting of R744 and Its Mixture Used in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Authors: Sun Dahan , Liu Zhongyan , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of R744 and R744/R170 mixed refrigerants in refrigeration and air source heat pump systems is studied by the simulation method. The change trend of coefficient of performance (COP), refrigeration/heat capacity, power consumption with discharge pressure, and the ratio of R744 is analyzed. In addition, optimal parameters of the system are discussed in detail with the change of evaporation temperature, outlet temperature of the gas cooler, and different proportions of R744. The results show that when the discharge pressure is 8–12 MPa, there is a critical ratio of R744. When the ratio of R744 is less than the critical ratio, the optimal pressure of the system increases with the increase of the ratio of R744, and when the ratio of R744 is higher than critical ratio, the optimal pressure of the system decreases with the increase of the ratio of R744. The change trend of COP with the ratio of R744 is first decreasing and then increasing, the optimal discharge temperature of the system increases with the increase of the ratio of R744, and the change trend of optimal discharge pressure with the ratio of R744 is first increasing and then decreasing. In addition, when the evaporation temperature is 233–253 K and the gas cooler outlet temperature is 308–318 K, the average optimal pressure and temperature of R744/R170 (25/75) are 11.64% and 8.06% lower than R744, respectively. And it is the most suitable refrigerant to replace R744. Finally, the optimal performance parameter correlations of R744, R744/R170 (25/75), R744/R170 (50/50), and R744/R170 (77.6/22.4) under the given conditions are fitted through the simulation data.
A Spatio-Temporal Prediction and Planning Framework for Proactive Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Flowers Jared , Wiens Gloria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A significant challenge in human–robot collaboration (HRC) is coordinating robot and human motions. Discoordination can lead to production delays and human discomfort. Prior works seek coordination by planning robot paths that consider humans or their anticipated occupancy as static obstacles, making them nearsighted and prone to entrapment by human motion. This work presents the spatio-temporal avoidance of predictions-prediction and planning framework (STAP-PPF) to improve robot–human coordination in HRC. STAP-PPF predicts multi-step human motion sequences based on the locations of objects the human manipulates. STAP-PPF then proactively determines time-optimal robot paths considering predicted human motion and robot speed restrictions anticipated according to the ISO15066 speed and separation monitoring (SSM) mode. When executing robot paths, STAP-PPF continuously updates human motion predictions. In real-time, STAP-PPF warps the robot’s path to account for continuously updated human motion predictions and updated SSM effects to mitigate delays and human discomfort. Results show the STAP-PPF generates robot trajectories of shorter duration. STAP-PPF robot trajectories also adapted better to real-time human motion deviation. STAP-PPF robot trajectories also maintain greater robot/human separation throughout tasks requiring close human–robot interaction. Tests with an assembly sequence demonstrate STAP-PPF’s ability to predict multi-step human tasks and plan robot motions for the sequence. STAP-PPF also most accurately estimates robot trajectory durations, within 30% of actual, which can be used to adapt the robot sequencing to minimize disruption.
Experimental Investigation of Transient Flow Phenomena in Rotating Compressor Cavities
Authors: Pernak Mikolaj J. , Nicholas Tom E. W. , Williams Jake T. , Jackson Richard W. , Tang Hui , Lock Gary D. , Scobie James A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The clearance of compressor blade tips during aero-engine accelerations is an important design issue for next-generation engine architectures. The transient clearance depends on the radial expansion of the compressor discs, which is directly coupled to conjugate heat transfer in co-rotating discs governed by unsteady and unstable buoyancy-induced flow. This paper discusses an experimental and modeling study using the Bath Compressor Cavity Rig, which simulates a generic axial compressor at fluid-dynamically scaled conditions. The rig was specifically designed to generate heat transfer of practical interest to the engine designer and validate computational codes. This work presents the first study of the fundamental fluid dynamic and heat transfer phenomena under transient conditions. The rotating flow structure was seen to be characterized by coherent pairs of cyclonic/anticyclonic vortex pairs; the strength, rotational frequency, stability, and number of these unsteady structures changed with changing rotational Reynolds and Grashof numbers during the transients. These structures, measured by unsteady pressure transducers in the rotating frame of reference, were only present when the flow in the rotating cavity was dominated by buoyancy. Experimental correlations of both Nusselt number and radial mass flowrate in the rotating core were correlated against Grashof number. Remarkably, the experiments revealed a consistent correlation for both steady-state and transient conditions over a wide range of Gr. The results have a practical application to thermo-mechanical models for engine design.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of the Unsteady-State Flow Through a 1.5-Stage High-Work Turbine
Authors: Hansen Thorsten , Munktell Erik , Scheuerer Georg , Zhuang Qingyuan , Zwiener Kim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Behr et al. (2007, “Unsteady Flow Physics and Performance of a One-and-1/2-Stage Unshrouded High Work Turbine,” ASME J. Turbomach., 129, pp. 348–359) have experimentally investigated the unsteady-state flow and clocking effects in a 1.5-stage high-work turbine. Their test rig had a first stator row with 36 blades, a 54-bladed rotor at 2700 rpm, and a second stator row with 36 blades. They studied four different stator-clocking positions. The present paper computationally investigates the unsteady-state flow through the 1.5-stage turbine by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations with the simcenter star-ccm + software. The mathematical model of the simulations consisted of the ensemble-averaged unsteady-state mass, momentum, and energy equations complemented by the SST turbulence model. The authors applied a quality assessment procedure to the computational results before comparing them to the experimental data. They reported the numerical accuracy using the Grid Convergence Index (GCI). The results showed an increase in the calculated efficiencies of the unsteady-state over the steady-state results, bringing data and simulations closer. The total pressure contours at the rotor and second stator exit planes also agreed well with the experiments. Finally, the paper includes simulations of the effects of different stator-clocking positions. The results showed a similar response to the change in stator-clocking position as the experiments.
Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings Based on Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate and Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate
Authors: Turnaoglu Tugba , Kumar Navin , Hirschey Jason , Li Yuzhan , Akamo Damilola O. , LaClair Tim J. , Rios Orlando , Gluesenkamp Kyle R. , Graham Samuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The worldwide increasing energy demand and 2050 net zero carbon target urge the globe to solve the energy challenge. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) has received significant attention in recent years as TES can be integrated into heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems where the energy would be stored during low-demand times and dispatched during high-demand times, resulting in controlling the peak load and improving energy savings. Material development is an integral part of TES. Salt hydrates are appealing due to cost-effectiveness, low- to no toxicity, and their high melting enthalpy, where energy is stored as latent heat. However, most salt hydrates are prone to incongruent melting (i.e., phase separation upon melting), which results in poor stability and large supercooling. In this study, we produced a highly stable novel energy storage material at a composition of 32 wt% sodium sulfate decahydrate, 52 wt% sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, 12 wt% milled expanded graphite, and 4 wt% borax. The material has a melting temperature of 28°C and an energy storage capacity of 167 kJ/kg with a supercooling of less than 3°C. The system showed no loss in energy storage performance after 150 cycles. The findings suggest that the novel energy storage material developed in this might be utilized in building heating and cooling applications.
Occupant Behavior Modeling for Building Performance Simulation: Review of the Recent Advances and Research Trends
Authors: Ahmed Omar , Sezer Nurettin , Ouf Mohamed , Wang Liangzhu (Leon) , Hassan Ibrahim Galal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Occupant Behavior (OB) is one of the key determinants in building energy use. To acquire accurate and reliable Building Performance Simulation (BPS) results, significant attention must be focused on the precise representation of OB in BPSs. The simplistic manner in which OB has usually been considered in BPSs, leads to a considerable performance gap between actual and simulated building energy use. Despite the presence of numerous review articles on various elements of OB, there is still a need for a thorough review that combines and evaluates recent studies in one article. In this review, the most recent research studies on different aspects of OB in BPS are aggregated, evaluated, and summarized. Available OB models and their application in BPS tools are outlined. A summary of the data collection methods utilized in OB modeling is provided. Common quantitative OB modeling methodologies in BPS are discussed. The primary uses, benefits, and shortcomings of each modeling methodology are explained. The available literature on the impact of various OB patterns and occupant interaction with building systems is assessed. In summary, this work presents the state-of-the-art OB models in BPS, allowing researchers and practitioners to select and implement appropriate OB models in accessible BPS tools.
Multiphase Modeling in a Parallel Plate Fluidized Bed Receiver for Concentrating Solar Power
Authors: Appaswamy Krutika , Schirck Jason , Punchi Wedikkara Chathusha , Morris Aaron , Ma Zhiwen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A novel high temperature particle solar receiver is developed by using a light trapping planar cavity configuration. As particles fall through the cavity, the concentrated solar radiation warms the boundaries of the receiver and in turn heats the particles. Particles flow through the system, forming a packed bed at the lower end, leaving the system from the bottom at a constant flow rate. Air is introduced to the system as the fluidizing medium to improve particle heat transfer and mixing. A laboratory scale cavity receiver is built and a near IR quartz lamp is used to provide flux to the vertical wall of the heat exchanger. The system is modeled using a continuum two-fluid method. The computational model matches the experimental system size and the particle size distribution is assumed monodisperse. A conduction model that accounts for the effects of solid concentration is implemented, and the heat flux boundary condition matches the experimental setup. Radiative heat transfer is estimated using a widely used correlation during the post-processing step to determine an overall heat transfer coefficient. The model is validated against testing data and achieves less than 30% discrepancy and a heat transfer coefficient greater than 1000 W/m2K.
Modeling Tool Development and Validation for Solar Industry Process Heat Using Particle Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Gifford Jeffrey , Hamilton William , Wang Jing , Ma Zhiwen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
U.S. industry sectors used 26.2 quadrillion Btu and accounted for 33% of total energy consumption in 2021 according to the Energy Information Agency. Industrial process heat accounts for 70% of industrial energy use with application temperatures ranging from 60°–1100°C. Industry processes, heavily relying on fossil fuels of cheap coal or natural gas, differ widely in operating conditions and load requirements which makes them difficult to standardize and imposes great challenges in decarbonization. Industry processes require reliable energy supply and vary widely in temperature ranges. Storing energy from renewable sources is necessary to improve reliability and to mitigate renewable intermittency when replacing carbon fuel-based heat supplies to achieve energy savings and reduce emissions. To this end, we have developed a particle-based thermal energy storage (TES) technology using low-cost and highly stable silica sand as a storage medium.
The economic and performance-based analysis is key for renewable energy sources to reliably supply industry process heat and ultimately displace fossil fuels for decarbonization. The diversified industrial processes need case-by-case analysis and design. Therefore, an adaptive modeling tool is key for renewable power with energy storage to meet industry demands. Thus, a modeling tool to simulate a solar industry process heat system using the particle TES has been developed using the object-oriented equation-based language Modelica and the commercial platform of Modelon Impact. The Modelica-based software tool provides a general simulation environment for the design of reliable solar energy sources integrated with TES for various industrial process applications at different temperatures for economic competence with fossil fuels such as coal and natural gases. It uses both customized and standard component modeling modules in Modelon libraries for the flexibility to be adapted to a specific energy demand application. The particle TES system establishes a uniform energy supply platform with an efficient heat exchanger and particle thermal energy reservoir integrated with renewable powers. The particle TES system can provide a wide temperature range and can have a large storage temperature difference that increases storage energy density; therefore, it can be an adaptable energy storage system integrated with renewable power to supply 24/7 heat for industry decarbonization.
Development of Electrified Transcritical R744 Heat Pump Systems for Northeastern Winter Markets
Authors: Garraway David , Rob S. M. Abdur , Turbeville Geoffrey , Ramamurthy Prathap , Gonzalez-Cruz Jorge E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to develop a commercially feasible R744 HP system for the multi-family building sector for cold climates. The motivation behind this effort is the urgent need to bring into the markets, an efficient, low global warming potential air source heat pump system for cold-climates. It will aid in electrifying space heating, an essential strategy to decarbonize our society. We plan to address the efficiency of space heating for colder climates like the Northeast while being affordable and attractive to customers with existing gas or oil-powered systems. Our strategy aims to focus on optimizing the system using transcritical R744, this primarily means a revamp of various components, particularly the gas cooler. Gas coolers have been a challenge in terms of optimization with lower COPs than that of the more commonly used refrigerants. We have conducted an assessment of the viability of a staggered tubes design which allows for more efficient heat transfer between the R744 and air. This is quite important as the refrigerant operates at a much higher temperature (about 220–250°F) than seen in hydrofluorocarbon systems. Lowering the outlet temperature on the gas cooler side is a major step in providing a suitable design to be used in both residential and commercial buildings.
A Blackbox model has been designed, which allows for the simulation of different design options for optimization of the gas cooler design. A 3.5-ton capacity gas cooler with a COP above 2.5 has been designed to be built for lab testing conditions under simulated outdoor winter conditions.
Stochastic Method for Generating Residential Household Energy Models of Varying Income Level and Climate Zone for Testing Energy Fairness
Authors: Covington Hannah , Woo-Shem Brian , Wang Chenli , Roth Thomas , Nguyen Cuong , Lee Hohyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Interest in residential energy management necessitates fairness testing of energy technology and policy developments. Considering income level is particularly important because increased utility bills put low-income households at higher risk of economic and health issues. This paper proposes a novel method for generating diverse household energy models of varying income level and climate zone, which can be used to test the fairness of residential energy developments. Models are stochastically generated using probability distributions based on data from national surveys. Included in the model are constant and time-variable features. Models capture the randomness inherent in the residential sector while still following realistic patterns in building structure, appliance stock, and occupant behavior. Validation of the model generation technique was done by comparing the energy consumption of simulated households to their counterparts in survey data. Models were validated with correlation analysis and t-tests, with the null hypothesis being that the slope found in correlation analysis was equal to 1. The null hypothesis could not be rejected (P &gt; 0.05), and the data for all validation tests was very highly correlated (0.81 &lt; r2 &lt; 1.00).