bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early resource scarcity causes cortical astrocyte enlargement and sex-specific changes in the orbitofrontal cortex transcriptome in adult rats
Authors: Deckers Claire , Karbalaei Reza , Miles Nylah A. , Harder Eden V. , Witt Emily , Harris Erin P. , Reissner Kathryn , Wimmer Mathieu E. , Bangasser Debra A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAstrocyte morphology affects function, including the regulation of glutamatergic signaling. This morphology changes dynamically in response to the environment. However, how early life manipulations alter adult cortical astrocyte morphology is underexplored. Our lab uses brief postnatal resource scarcity, the limited bedding and nesting (LBN) manipulation, in rats. We previously found that LBN promotes later resilience to adult addiction-related behaviors, reducing impulsivity, risky decision-making, and morphine self-administration. These behaviors rely on glutamatergic transmission in the medial orbitofrontal (mOFC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex. Here we tested whether LBN changed astrocyte morphology in the mOFC and mPFC of adult rats using a novel viral approach that, unlike traditional markers, fully labels astrocytes. Prior exposure to LBN causes an increase in the surface area and volume of astrocytes in the mOFC and mPFC of adult males and females relative to control-raised rats. We next used bulk RNA sequencing of OFC tissue to assess transcriptional changes that could increase astrocyte size in LBN rats. LBN caused mainly sex-specific changes in differentially expressed genes. However,Park7, which encodes for the protein DJ-1 that alters astrocyte morphology, was increased by LBN across sex. Pathway analysis revealed that OFC glutamatergic signaling is altered by LBN in males and females, but the gene changes in that pathway differed across sex. This may represent a convergent sex difference where glutamatergic signaling, which affects astrocyte morphology, is altered by LBN via sex-specific mechanisms. Collectively, these studies highlight that astrocytes may be an important cell type that mediates the effect of early resource scarcity on adult brain function.
A sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 gene from wheat, TaSnRK1α regulates starch biosynthesis by modulating AGPase activity
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Madhawan Akansha , Sharma Akshya , Sharma Vinita , Das Deepak , Parveen Afsana , Fandade Vikas , Sharma Deepak , Roy Joy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMajor portion of wheat grain consist of carbohydrate, mainly starch. The proportion of amylose and amylopectin in starch greatly influence the end product quality. Advancement in understanding starch biosynthesis pathway and modulating key genes has enabled the genetic modification of crops resulting in enhanced starch quality. However, the regulation of starch biosynthesis genes still remains unexplored. So, to expand the limited knowledge, here, we characterized a Ser/Thr kinase, SnRK1α in wheat and determined its role in regulating starch biosynthesis. SnRK1 is an evolutionary conserved protein kinase and share homology to yeast SNF1. Yeast complementation assay suggestTaSnRK1α restore growth defect and promotes glycogen accumulation. Domain analysis and complementation assay with truncated proteins suggest the importance of ATP-binding and UBA domain in TaSnRK1α activity. Sub-cellular localization identified nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of TaSnRK1α in tobacco leaves. Further, heterologous over-expression (O/E) ofTaSnRK1α in Arabidopsis not only led to increase in starch content but also enlarges the starch granules.TaSnRK1α was found to restore starch accumulation in Arabidopsiskin10.Remarkably,TaSnRK1α O/E increase the AGPase activity suggesting the direct regulation of rate limiting enzyme AGPase involved in starch biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo interaction assay reveal that TaSnRK1α interacts with AGPase large sub-unit. Overall, our findings indicate that TaSnRK1α plays role in starch biosynthesis by regulating AGPase activity.HighlightsTaSnRK1α is Ser/Thr kinase in wheat and show dual localization in nucleus and cytoplasm.Overexpression of TaSnRK1α increases starch content and enlarges starch granules in Arabidopsis.TaSnRK1α enhances AGPase activity thereby regulating starch biosynthesis.TaSnRK1α directly interact with AGPase large subunit in vivo and in vitro.
Analysis of histone H3K4me3 modifications in bovine placenta derived from different calf-production methods
Authors: Hattori Kanoko , Hoshino Yoichiro , Kachi Masayuki , Masuda Yasumitsu , Yamamoto Satoshi , Honda Shinnosuke , Minami Naojiro , Ikeda Shuntaro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn ruminants, overgrowth of offspring produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common problem. Abnormal epigenetic modifications caused by environmental factors during the early embryonic period are suspected as an etiology of overgrowth. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide histone H3K4me3 profiles of bovine placentae that play a pivotal role in fetal development and compared their characteristics between artificial insemination (AI)- and IVF-derived samples. Cotyledons were harvested from the placentae obtained at parturition of 5 AI- and 13 IVF-derived calves, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed for H3K4me3. We confirmed no significant maternal tissue contamination in the samples we used. The revealed H3K4me3 profiles reflected the general characteristics of the H3K4me3 modification, which is abundantly distributed in the promoter region of active genes. By extracting common modifications from multiple samples, the genes involved in placenta-specific biological processes could be enriched. Comparison with the H3K4me3 modifications of blastocyst samples was also effective for enriching the placenta-specific features. Principal component analysis suggested the presence of differential H3K4me3 modifications in AI- and IVF-derived samples. The genes contributing to the difference were related to the developmental biological processes. Imprinted genes such asBEGAIN, ZNF215, andDLX5were among the extracted genes. Principal component and discriminant analyses using only male samples categorized the samples into three groups based on fetal weight and calf-production methods. To our knowledge, this is the first study to profile the genome-wide histone modifications of bovine fetal placentae and reveal their differential characteristics between different calf-production methods.
Detergent induced structural perturbations in peanut agglutinin: Insights from spectroscopic and molecular dynamic simulation studies
Authors: Asthana Shreyasi , Mohanty Sonali , Kalra Harshit , Karunanethi Nandini , Kumar Sujit , Agrawal Nikhil , Jha Suman 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe three dimensional structure of a protein is very important for its structure. Studies relating to protein structure have been numerous and the effect of denaturants on proteins can help understand the process of protein folding and misfolding. Detergents are important denaturants and play important roles in various fields. Here we explored the effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the structure of peanut agglutinin (PNA). The protein was purified from its natural source and impact of SDS and CTAB was studied by circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, 8-anilino-1-napthalenesulfonic acid, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Pure peanut agglutinin showed a trough at 220 nm and positive ellipticity peak at 195 nm, specific for lectins. Results from the experimental and simulation studies suggest how oppositely charged detergents can interact differently and lead to varied structural perturbations in PNA. Both the surfactants induce all α protein-like circular dichroism in the protein, above its critical micelle concentrations, with significant change in accessible surface area that became more hydrophobic upon the treatment. Major interactions between the surfactants and protein, resulting in PNA conformational rearrangement, are electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. However, CTAB, like a cationic surfactant, has similar effects as anionic surfactant (SDS) but at significantly very low concentration. Though the effects followed same pattern in both the surfactant treatment, i.e. above respective CMC, the surfactants were inducing α-helix/coil like conformation in PNA.
Emergent epileptiform activity drives spinal sensory circuits to generate ectopic bursting in intraspinal afferent axons after cord injury
Authors: Bryson Matthew , Kloefkorn Heidi , Idlett-Ali Shaquia , Martin Karmarcha , Garraway Sandra M. , Hochman Shawn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to hyperexcitability and dysfunction in spinal sensory processing. As hyperexcitable circuits can become epileptiform elsewhere, we explored whether such activity emerges in spinal sensory circuits in a thoracic SCI contusion model of neuropathic pain. Recordings from spinal sensory axons in multiple below-lesion segmental dorsal roots (DRs) demonstrated that SCI facilitated the emergence of spontaneous ectopic burst spiking in afferent axons, which synchronized across multiple adjacent DRs. Burst frequency correlated with behavioral mechanosensitivity. The same bursting events were recruited by afferent stimulation, and timing interactions with ongoing spontaneous bursts revealed that recruitment was limited by a prolonged post-burst refractory period. Ectopic bursting in afferent axons was driven by GABAAreceptor activation, presumably via shifting subthreshold GABAergic interneuronal presynaptic axoaxonic inhibitory actions to suprathreshold spiking. Collectively, the emergence of stereotyped bursting circuitry with hypersynchrony, sensory input activation, post-burst refractory period, and reorganization of connectivity represent defining features of epileptiform networks. Indeed, these same features were reproduced in naïve animals with the convulsant 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). We conclude that SCI promotes the emergence of epileptiform activity in spinal sensory networks that promotes profound corruption of sensory signaling. This corruption includes downstream actions driven by ectopic afferent bursts that propagate via reentrant central and peripheral projections and GABAergic presynaptic circuit hypoexcitability during the refractory period.
The structure of simple satellite variation in the human genome and its correlation with centromere ancestry
Authors: Said Iskander , Barbash Daniel A. , Clark Andrew G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough repetitive DNA forms much of the human genome, its study is challenging due to limitations in assembly and alignment of repetitive short-reads. We have deployedk-Seek, software that detects tandem repeats embedded in single reads, on 2,504 human genomes from the 1,000 Genomes Project to quantify the variation and abundance of simple satellites (repeat units < 20 bp). We find that homopolymers and theHuman Satellite 3monomer make up the largest portions of simple satellite content in humans (mean of ∼19 Mb combined). We discovered∼50,000 rare tandem repeats that are not detected in theT2T-CHM13v2.0assembly, including undescribed variants of telomeric- and centromeric repeats. We find broad homogeneity of the most abundant repeats across populations, except for AG-rich repeats that are more abundant in African individuals. We also find cliques of highly similar AG- and AT-rich satellites that are interspersed and form higher-order structures that covary in copy number across individuals, likely through concerted amplification via unequal exchange. Finally, we use centromere-linked polymorphisms to estimate centromeric genetic relatedness between individuals and find a strong predictive relationship between centromeric lineages and centromeric simple satellite abundances. In particular,Human Satellite 2andHuman Satellite 3abundances correlate with clusters of centromeric ancestry on chromosome 16 and chromosome 9, with some clusters structured by population. These results provide new descriptions of the population dynamics that underlie the evolution of simple satellites in humans.
Mechanosensing and Sphingolipid-Docking Mediate Lipopeptide-Induced Immunity inArabidopsis
Authors: Pršić Jelena , Gilliard Guillaume , Ibrahim Heba , Argüelles-Arias Anthony , Rondelli Valeria , Crowet Jean-Marc , Genva Manon , Luzuriaga-Loaiza W. Patricio , Deboever Estelle , Nasir M. Nail , Lins Laurence , Mathelie-Guinlet Marion , Boubsi Farah , Eschrig Sabine , Ranf Stefanie , Dorey Stephan , Coninck Barbara De , Nürnberger Thorsten , Mongrand Sébastien , Höfte Monica , Zipfel Cyril , Dufrêne Yves F. , Koutsioubas Alexandros , Brocca Paola , Deleu Magali , Ongena Marc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBacteria-derived lipopeptides are immunogenic triggers of host defenses in metazoans and plants. Root-associated rhizobacteria produce cyclic lipopeptides that activate systemically induced resistance (IR) against microbial infection in various plants. How these molecules are perceived by plant cells remains elusive. Here, we reveal that immunity activation inArabidopsis thalianaby the lipopeptide elicitor surfactin is mediated by docking into specific sphingolipid-enriched domains and relies on host membrane deformation and subsequent activation of mechanosensitive ion channels. This mechanism leads to host defense potentiation and resistance to the necrotrophB. cinereabut is distinct from host pattern recognition receptor-mediated immune activation and reminiscent of damage-induced plant immunity.
Transcription factor ScWRKY4 in sugarcane negatively regulates the resistance to pathogen infection through the JA signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Dongjiao , Wang Wei , Zang Shoujian , Qin Liqian , Liang Yanlan , Lin Peixia , Su Yachun , Que Youxiong 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWRKY transcription factor, the transcriptional regulators unique to plants, plays an important role in plant defense response to pathogen infection. However, the disease resistance mechanism ofWRKYgene in sugarcane remains unclear. Previously, we identified aScWRKY4gene, a member of class IIc of the WRKY gene family, from the sugarcane cultivar ROC22. This gene could be induced by the stresses of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Interestingly, the expression of theScWRKY4gene was down-regulated in smut-resistant sugarcane cultivars but up-regulated in smut-susceptible sugarcane cultivars underSporisorium scitamineumstress. Besides, stable overexpression of theScWRKY4gene inNicotiana benthamianaenhanced susceptibility toFusarium solanivar.coeruleumand caused the down-regulated expression of immune marker-related genes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that, the expression of mostJAZgenes was suppressed in plant signal transduction pathway. In addition, ScWRKY4 could interact with ScJAZ13 and repress the expression of ScJAZ13. We thus hypothesized that theScWRKY4gene was involved in the regulatory network of plant disease resistance, most probably through the JA signaling pathway. The present study depicted the molecular mechanism of theScWRKY4gene involved in sugarcane disease resistance and laid the foundation for the subsequent investigation.HighlightTransgenic plants overexpressing theScWRKY4gene negatively regulated resistance to pathogen by inhibiting the expression of theJAZgenes.
Characterization of GEXP15 as a potential regulator of Protein Phosphatase 1 and partner of ribosomal complex inPlasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mansour Hala , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Peucelle Véronique , Farce Amaury , Salomé-Desnoulez Sophie , Metatla Ines , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Hollin Thomas , Khalife Jamal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Protein Phosphatase type 1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) (PF3D7_1414400) operates in combination with various regulatory proteins to specifically direct and control its phosphatase activity. However, little is known about this phosphatase and its regulators in the human malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into structural and functional characteristics of a conservedPlasmodium-specific regulator called Gametocyte EXported Protein 15, GEXP15 (PF3D7_1031600). Throughin silicoanalysis, we identified three significant regions of interest in GEXP15: an N-terminal region housing a PP1-interacting RVxF motif, a conserved domain whose function is unknown and a GYF-like motif that potentially facilitates specific protein-protein interactions. To further elucidate the role of GEXP15, we conductedin vitrointeraction studies, which demonstrated a direct interaction between GEXP15 and PP1 via the RVxF binding motif. This interaction was found to enhance phosphatase activity of PP1. Additionally, utilizing a transgenic GEXP15-tagged line and live microscopy, we observed high expression of GEXP15 in late asexual stages of the parasite, with localization predominantly in the parasite nucleus. Immunoprecipitation assays followed by mass spectrometry analyses revealed GEXP15’s interaction with ribosomal and RNA binding proteins. Furthermore, through pulldown analyses of recombinant functional domains of GEXP15 tagged with a His-tag, we confirmed its binding to the ribosomal complex via the GYF domain. Collectively, our study sheds light on the PfGEXP15-PP1-ribosome interaction, which plays a crucial role in protein translation. These findings suggest that PfGEXP15 could serve as a potential target for the development of malaria drugs.
Beyond the planetary boundaries: exploring pluralistic accountability in the new space age
Authors: Di Tullio Patrizia , La Torre Matteo , Rea Michele Antonio , Guthrie James , Dumay John 
Published: July 2023

PurposeNew Space activities offer benefits for human progress and life beyond the Earth. However, there is a risk that the New Space Economy may develop according to an anthropocentric mindset favouring human progress and survival at the expense of all other species and the environment. This mindset raises concerns over the social and environmental impacts of space activities and the accountability of space actors. This research article explores the accountability of space actors by presenting a pluralistic accountability framework to understand, inspire and change accountability in the New Space Economy. This study also identifies future research opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a reflective and normative essay. The arguments are developed using contemporary multidisciplinary academic literature, publicly available evidence and examples. Further, the authors use Dillard and Vinnari's accountability framework to examine a pluralistic accountability system for space businesses.FindingsThe New Space Economy requires public and private entities to embrace hybrid and pluralistic accountability for their social and environmental impacts. A new way of seeing the relationship between human life, the Earth and celestial space is needed. Accounting language is used to mirror and mobilise broader forms of responsibility in those involved in space.Originality/valueThis paper responds to the AAAJ's special issue call for examining how accountability can be ensured in the New Space Age. The space activities businesses conduct, and the anthropocentric view inspiring their race toward space is concerning. Hence, the authors advocate the need for rethinking accountability between humans and nature. The paper contributes to fostering the debate on social and environmental accounting and the accountability of space actors in the New Space Economy. To this end, the authors use a pluralistic accountability framework to help understand how the New Space Economy can face the risks emanating from its anthropocentric mindset.
Structure theorem for Jordan algebra bundles
Authors: Kumar Ranjitha 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe aims of this paper is to prove that every semisimple Jordan algebra bundle is locally trivial and establish the decomposition theorem for locally trivial Jordan algebra bundles using the decomposition theorem of Lie algebra bundles.Design/methodology/approachUsing the decomposition theorem of Lie algebra bundles, this paper proves the decomposition theorem for locally trivial Jordan algebra bundles.FindingsFindings of this paper establish the decomposition theorem for locally trivial Jordan algebra bundles.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, all the results are new and interesting to the field of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics community.
CSR in domestic and foreign SMEs in Kenya: on the relationship between the SME manager’s values, emotional commitment to long-term socio-economic development and the firm's CSR practices
Authors: Dziuron Clara Lina , Halaszovich Tilo F. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeCorporate social responsibility (CSR) remains a prevalent topic for businesses worldwide, especially for those operating in developing countries. The attention on small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs') CSR engagement in developing countries has been neglected, although SMEs play a vital role in socio-economic development in African countries like Kenya. This paper aims to conceptualize the relationship between the SME manager's values, ethics, emotional commitment to long-term socio-economic development and the firm's CSR practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted seven semi-structured interviews with Kenyan and German SMEs located in Nairobi. A deductive-inductive analysis approach was chosen, confirming previous findings and contributing new ideas to the International Business (IB) literature.FindingsThis paper develops a concept linking the values and beliefs of the SME manager with the firm's CSR practices in developing countries via the manager's emotional commitment to local long-term socio-economic development. The Kenyan managers tend to show a higher degree of emotional commitment, which the authors explain by two drivers: (1) philanthropic, self-motivated driver and (2) expectation-based, environment-motivated driver. The authors' findings add to the literature on SMEs' CSR engagement in developing countries by looking at the individual level of analysis.Originality/valueThis paper develops a concept linking the values and beliefs of the SME manager with the firm's CSR practices in developing countries.