bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical parameters to translate gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizing agents into the clinic
Authors: Moloudi Kave , Khani Ali , Najafi Masoud , Azmoonfar Rasool , Azizi Mehdi , Nekounam Houra , Sobhani Mahsa , Laurent Sophie , Samadian Hadi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy is an inevitable choice for cancer treatment that is applied as combinatorial therapy along with surgery and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, radiotherapy at high doses kills normal and tumor cells at the same time. In addition, some tumor cells are resistant to radiotherapy. Recently, many researchers have focused on high‐Z nanomaterials as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown remarkable potential due to their promising physical, chemical, and biological properties. Although few clinical trial studies have been performed on drug delivery and photosensitization with lasers, GNPs have not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval for use in radiotherapy. The sensitization effects of GNPs are dependent on their concentration in cells and x‐ray energy deposition during radiotherapy. Notably, some limitations related to the properties of the GNPs, including their size, shape, surface charge, and ligands, and the radiation source energy should be resolved. At the first, this review focuses on some of the challenges of using GNPs as radiosensitizers and some biases among in vitro/in vivo, Monte Carlo, and clinical studies. Then, we discuss the challenges in the clinical translation of GNPs as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy and proposes feasible solutions. And finally, we suggest that certain areas be considered in future research.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA
Cyclooxygenase‐2 as a therapeutic target against human breast cancer: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sahu Ankita , Raza Khalid , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Jain Arun Kumar , Verma Saurabh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is a key aspect of the physiology and pathogenesis of various cancer types. Overexpression of this enzyme is responsible for the elevated prostaglandin production and characteristic feature of breast cancer. Inhibition of COX‐2 derived prostanoids facilitates anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of non‐steroid anti‐inflammation drugs. The overexpression of COX‐2 is associated with inflammation, pain, and fever. The present study provides the updated relevant literature describing the role of well‐characterized isoforms of cyclooxygenase with particular emphasis on COX‐2, mechanism of action, the effect of the drug, combinatorial drugs, and microarray‐based differential expression analysis and network analysis. We have discussed the currently used combinatorial treatments and their challenges in breast cancer.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Computational Models
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Marine Protected Areas as Tools for Ocean Sustainability
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScience is clear in showing that we are facing two existential challenges: a climate emergency and a species extinction crisis. These challenges are rooted in the extractive and linear economic model we have globally adopted, in which economic development is intertwined with the destruction of nature. Europe has recently responded politically by adopting the European Green Deal with a set of policies aimed at transforming the EU economy envisaging a future with no net carbon emissions and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. Despite the dire state of the ocean and the urgency to implement effective solutions, we continue to witness the loss of nature and, with it, the loss of current and future economic and social value. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the most effective solutions to address these challenges. There is, however, the need to clarify what these area-based management tools are, how they can provide benefits, what conditions must be met to ensure they are effective, and how a strategy can be adopted to increase the breadth, speed and success of efficient MPAs to save what is left in the ocean, allow ecosystems to recover, and build sustainable jobs and economic growth.
Genetic Engineering and the Law—Past, Present and Beyond: 20+1 Criteria to Help Focus the Path to Our Common Future
Authors: Silva Margarida 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetic engineering (GE) is a powerful molecular tool deployed daily in life sciences labs everywhere. When taken out into the world complex issues arise, many unanswered to this day. Three moments in time are considered in this analysis: the past, with the first generation of genetically modified (transgenic) crops, the present, focusing on the current generation of new breeding techniques, and the future, looking into what synthetic biology and cell manufacturing have promised. Twenty criteria that have shown promise in winnowing sustainability from failure, drawn from history, ecology and the law, are applied as tests to help understand whether society is moving towards the right outcome. An additional 21st criterion is suggested and an urgent call for change is issued.
Pollution and Law
Authors: Pintado Manuela , Aragão Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPollution law is the result of decades of legislative evolution in environmental law. The inherent complexity of pollution has legal consequences. Pollution norms are not compiled into one single harmonised pollution law and much less a “pollution code”. This makes it much harder to know, interpret, apply, monitor and implement pollution laws, and to apply sanctions to the violations of those laws. The final reason that explains and justifies efforts to regulate, tax, charge for, clean up, supervise and sanction pollution is protection of the victims of pollution. Intensive linear economic activity, which ignores the limits of the environment and the resulting long-term damage, is depleting the planet’s resources. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies and solutions that enable pollution prevention and that maximise the value of resources. Pollution prevention must be proactive and needs a pre-planned strategy. Current and future generations deserve a pollution-free world. Pollution is a battle that can be won.
How are automated vehicles driving spatial development in Switzerland?
Authors: Perret Fabienne , Abegg Christof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomated transport will gradually reshape our definition of mobility, and the change it brings will hardly make a stop at Switzerland’s borders. In recent years and with increasing intensity, researchers, policymakers and practitioners have been engaging with automated driving. In many respects, discussions mirror those in other countries, though they are much more strongly driven and shaped by public transport providers than by car manufacturers.
Automated drivability and streetscape compatibility in the urban-rural continuum using the example of Greater Vienna
Authors: Soteropoulos Aggelos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomated vehicles will have a significant impact on our mobility and the way we travel. Already over the next few years, highly dynamic developments can be expected in the mobility sector, with fundamental changes and upheavals that will present both opportunities and risks. From the point of view of transport, infrastructure and urban planning, strategies are therefore required as to where and how automated vehicles can be best deployed.
Toward Climate Change Mitigation: Restoration of the Indonesian Peat Swamp
Authors: Gunawan Haris , Tryanto Dede Hendry , Mizuno Kosuke , Kozan Osamu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndonesia created a breakthrough in peatland management by establishing the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016 with the aim of restoring 2.67 million ha of degraded peatlands. This effort is intended to accelerate the recovery of peatlands and return of its hydrological functions after extensive damage by fire, drainage canals, and other external factors. This paper highlights the potential biomass and carbon resources in various land-use covers located in the Riau Biosphere Reserve. It discusses the results of restoration experiments conducted in severely degraded peatlands, and estimates carbon emission reductions in targeted priority areas. The total estimated emission reduction in natural forests was higher than in logged-over forests and disturbed forests: 207.36 CO2 Mg h−1, 161.48 CO2 Mg h−1, and 65.87 CO2 Mg h−1, respectively. The restoration of 2.3 million ha of targeted peatland ecosystems was estimated to have reduced carbon emissions by 98.77–153.53 Mt CO2e. The value of carbon from peatlands is considered important for maintaining ecological function while optimizing economic benefits. We have confirmed that above ground carbon storage can be restored even in severely degraded peatlands. Avoiding vegetation loss is an important aspect of restoration activity, but recovery of vegetation in degraded areas depends on below-ground carbon stocks, as these are indicative of fertile soils in various kinds of land cover and use.
Water Management for Integrated Peatland Restoration in Pulau Tebing Tinggi PHU, Riau
Authors: Sutikno Sigit , Rinaldi  , Yusa Muhamad , Nasrul Besri , Yesi  , Chairul  , Prayitno Adhy , Putra Akhbar , Ardi Muhammad Gevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWater management is an important aspect for hydrological restoration in the tropical peatland because the availability of water is not evenly distributed in the dry and rainy seasons. The aim of this study was to conduct action research focusing on water management for integrated peatland restoration at Pulau Tebing Tinggi Peatland Hydrological Unit (PHU), Riau, Indonesia. The actions were to implement some research results and findings by developing demo-plots for a pilot project and analyzing their impact. The pilot project for water management was developed at Pulau Tebing Tinggi PHU not only for the purpose of peat rewetting, but also to support revegetation efforts and revitalization of livelihood. Pulau Tebing Tinggi PHU, located in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province, is susceptible to peat fires. In 2014, big peat fires occurred in Pulau Tebing Tinggi PHU and several peatland areas in Riau, causing a haze disaster that lasted for about 2 months. The disaster produced a sickening and deadly cloud of smoky pollution that not only threatened Indonesia but also neighboring countries.The Thornthwaite-Mather water balance (TMWB) model was applied for water balance analysis as a basis for water management in the research site. A masterplan for water management was developed which was integrated with revegetation and revitalization of livelihood approaches. Canal block constructions, paludiculture, and aquaculture were the integrated activities carried out to support peatland restoration. Two types of canal blocks, whose main materials were wood and vinyl sheet pile, were introduced in this pilot project. Four key parameters of peatland restoration progress were monitored periodically, namely water table, land subsidence, CO2 emissions, and vegetation growth. This research found that by applying water management properly, the water table can be maintained at a stable and high level in wet peatlands. Water management by applying canal blocking has a good impact for keeping groundwater elevation and keeping peatland in a wet condition for a distance of 400 m upstream from the canal block.
Precision calculations of Bd,s → π, K decay form factors in soft-collinear effective theory
Authors: Cui Bo-Yan , Huang Yong-Kang , Shen Yue-Long , Wang Chao , Wang Yu-Ming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We improve QCD calculations of the semileptonic Bd,s→ π, K decay form factors at large hadronic recoil by implementing the next-to-leading-logarithmic resummation for the obtained leading-power light-cone sum rules in the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) framework and by computing for the first time the non-vanishing spectator-quark mass correction dictating the SU(3)-flavour symmetry breaking effects between these fundamental quantities at the one-loop accuracy. Additionally, we endeavour to investigate a variety of the subleading-power contributions to these heavy-to-light form factors at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^0\right) $$
O

α
s
0

with the same methodology, by including the higher-order terms in the heavy-quark expansion of the hard-collinear quark propagator, by evaluating the desired effective matrix element of the next-to-leading-order term "Image missing" in the SCETI representation of the weak transition current, by taking into account the off-light-cone contributions of the two-body heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) matrix elements as well as the three-particle higher-twist corrections from the subleading bottom-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs), and by computing the twist-five and twist-six four-body higher-twist effects with the aid of the factorization approximation. Having at our disposal the SCET sum rules for the exclusive B-meson decay form factors under discussion, we further explore in detail numerical implications of the newly computed subleading-power corrections by employing the three-parameter model for both the leading-twist and higher-twist B-meson distribution amplitudes. Taking advantage of the customary Bourrely-Caprini-Lellouch (BCL) parametrization for the complete set of the semileptonic Bd,s→ π, K form factors, we then determine the correlated numerical results for the interesting series coefficients, by carrying out the simultaneous fit of the exclusive B-meson decay form factors to both the achieved SCET sum rule predictions at small momentum transfer (q2) and the available lattice QCD results at large momentum transfer. Subsequently, we perform a comprehensive phenomenological analysis of the full angular observables, the lepton-flavour university ratios and the lepton polarization asymmetries for the flavour-changing charged- current $$ B\to \pi \ell {\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$
B
→
π
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

and $$ {B}_s\to K\ell {\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$

B
s

→
K
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

decays (with ℓ = μ, τ) together with the differential q2-distribution for the exclusive rare $$ B\to K{\nu}_{\ell }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell } $$
B
→
K

ν
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

decays in the Standard Model.
String-scale gauge coupling relations in the supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: Li Tianjun , Sun Rui , Wu Lina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have constructed all the three-family $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes, and obtained 33 independent models in total. But how to realize the string-scale gauge coupling relations in these models is a big challenge. We first discuss how to decouple the exotic particles in these models. In addition, we consider the adjoint chiral mulitplets for SU(4)C and SU(2)L gauge symmetries, the Standard Model (SM) vector-like particles from D6-brane intersections, as well as the vector-like particles from the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 subsector. We show that the gauge coupling relations at string scale can be achieved via two-loop renormalization group equation running for all these supersymmetric Pati-Salam models. Therefore, we propose a concrete way to obtain the string-scale gauge coupling relations for the generic intersecting D-brane models.
The ordered exponential representation of GKM using the W1+∞ operator
Authors: Wang Gehao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The generalized Kontsevich model (GKM) is a one-matrix model with arbitrary potential. Its partition function belongs to the KP hierarchy. When the potential is monomial, it is an r-reduced tau-function that governs the r-spin intersection numbers. In this paper, we present an ordered exponential representation of monomial GKM in terms of the W1+∞ operators that preserves the KP integrability. In fact, this representation is naturally the solution of a W1+∞ constraint that uniquely determines the tau-function. Furthermore, we show that, for the cases of Kontsevich-Witten and generalized BGW tau-functions, their W1+∞ representations can be reduced to their cut-and-join representations under the reduction of the even time independence and Virasoro constraints.
Complete one-loop structure of the type-(I+II) seesaw effective field theory
Authors: Zhang Di 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Besides the three canonical seesaw mechanisms, the hybrid scenario, i.e., the so-called type-(I+II) seesaw mechanism containing both the right-handed neutrinos NR and the triplet Higgs Φ is also an appealing extension of the Standard Model (SM) to account for tiny neutrino masses. Recently, the seesaw effective field theories (SEFTs) of the three canonical seesaw mechanisms have already been completely constructed up to one-loop level. In this work, we carry out the one-loop matching of the type-(I+II) seesaw mechanism onto the corresponding type-(I+II) SEFT, which is by no means the trivial combination of the type-I and type-II SEFTs and contains additional contributions even though the right-handed neutrinos and the triplet Higgs have no direct interactions. Employing the Feynman diagrammatic approach, we calculate all those additional contributions from the entangled effects of NR and Φ, and finally achieve the complete one-loop structure of the type-(I+II) SEFT. In the type-(I+II) SEFT, the number and content of dim-6 operators are exactly the same as those in the type-II SEFT, but the Wilson coefficients of the unique dim-5 and nine dim-6 operators as well as the quartic coupling constant of the SM Higgs gain some additional contributions, which are absent in the type-I and type-II SEFTs.
Monopoles and confinement in three dimensions from holography
Authors: Faedo Antón F. , Hoyos Carlos , Subils Javier G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the phase diagram of a confining three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric U(N) × U(N + M) theory with holographic dual corresponding to a known string theory solution. The theory possesses a global U(1) symmetry under which magnetic monopoles are charged. We introduce both temperature and an external magnetic field for monopoles and find that there are deconfinement phase transitions as any of the two is increased, supporting monopole condensation as the possible mechanism for confinement. We find that the transition as the magnetic field is increased is second order, providing the first example in holographic duals of a deconfinement transition which is not first order. We also uncover a rich structure in the phase diagram, with a triple point and a critical point where a line of first order transitions end.
3D bosons, 3-Jack polynomials and affine Yangian of $$ \mathfrak{gl}(1) $$
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Ke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
3D (3 dimensional) Young diagrams are a generalization of 2D Young diagrams. In this paper, We consider 3D Bosons and 3-Jack polynomials. We associate three parameters h1, h2, h3 to y, x, z-axis respectively. 3-Jack polynomials are polynomials of Pn,j, n ≥ j with coefficients in ℂ(h1, h2, h3), which are the generalization of Schur functions and Jack polynomials to 3D case. Similar to Schur functions, 3-Jack polynomials can also be determined by the vertex operators and the Pieri formulas.
Deforming soft algebras for gauge theory
Authors: Melton Walker , Narayanan Sruthi A. , Strominger Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Symmetry algebras deriving from towers of soft theorems can be deformed by a short list of higher-dimension Wilsonian corrections to the effective action. We study the simplest of these deformations in gauge theory arising from a massless complex scalar coupled to F2. The soft gauge symmetry ‘s-algebra’, compactly realized as a higher-spin current algebra acting on the celestial sphere, is deformed and enlarged to an associative algebra containing soft scalar generators. This deformed soft algebra is found to be non-abelian even in abelian gauge theory. A two-parameter family of central extensions of the s-subalgebra are generated by shifting and decoupling the scalar generators. It is shown that these central extensions can also be generated by expanding around a certain non-trivial but Lorentz invariant shockwave type background for the scalar field.
A Portalino to the Twin Sector
Authors: Liu Di , Weiner Neal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Extensions of the Standard Model are often highly constrained by cosmology. New states in the theory can dramatically alter observed properties of the universe by the presence of additional matter or entropy. In particular, attempts to solve the hierarchy problem through naturalness invariably predict new particles near the weak scale which come into thermal equilibrium. Without a means to deposit this energy into the SM, these models are often excluded. Scenarios of “neutral naturalness” in particular, such as the Twin Higgs, frequently suffer from this. However, the Portalino, a singlet fermion that marries gauge neutral fermion operators, can naturally help provide a portal for entropy to return to the SM and to lift fermionic degrees of freedom in the Twin Sector. Together with spontaneous breaking of the Z2 SM ↔ Twin symmetry, there are new opportunities to confront the cosmological challenges of these models. Here, we attempt to develop such ideas. We shall show how one can lift many of the light fields by breaking Z2 with a U(1)Y scalar and its Twin partner. The introduction of Portalinos can lift the remaining degrees of freedom. We shall find that such models are highly constrained by precision SM measurements, motivating moderate extensions beyond this. We will discuss two, both of which include Z2 breaking, one with additional electroweak matter and another with additional colored matter. The electroweak model will involve simple dim-6 operators, which are easily UV completed. The strong model will involve the presence of new leptoquarks and diquarks. We will discuss the implications for the observed value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, contributions to μ → eγ decay and possible colored signals even within these models of neutral naturalness, some of which might appear at the LHC or future colliders.