bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between minerals and physicochemical parameters with fruit quality in ‘Rocha’ pear orchards
Authors: Dias Cindy , Ribeiro Tânia , Rodrigues Ana Cristina , Vasconcelos Marta W. , Ferrante António , Pintado Manuela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims
At the same location, variability among orchards may be high, which is reflected in fruit quality, and it may be associated mainly with growers’ practices. This study aimed to identify physicochemical variability within pears (Pyrus communis L. cv 'Rocha') from three orchards from the same location and under the same climate conditions and correlate it with mineral composition.

Methods
Fruits from three orchards harvested at the optimal harvest time were characterized during ripening under shelf-life conditions of 7 d at 20 ± 2 °C. The analyses performed included ethylene production, respiration rate, fruit quality (firmness, skin colour, soluble solids, and titratable acidity), macro and micronutrients, ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, esters, sugars, and organic acids. Principal component analysis was used to show the variability among fruits from the three orchards and to correlate the differences with the fruit mineral composition.

Results
Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were significantly correlated with esters and soluble solids content (r $$\sim$$
∼
0.4 for both minerals). Fruits with higher P and K concentrations were associated with a potential over-ripeness pattern considering their higher acetate production and lower sugar concentration. Esters, soluble sugars, and sorbitol were the dominant fruit quality factors responsible for the differences among the orchards.

Conclusion
With this study it is expected that a better understanding of the relationship between specific minerals and quality parameters can help growers manage their orchards more efficiently and achieve consumers’ quality demands.
On ways of being true
Authors: Jago Mark 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are many ways for truths to be true. How should we understand that idea? One is that there are different kinds of truth: the ways are different truth-like properties. Another understanding is that a truth can be made true in different ways, by different kinds of entities. The former understanding supports alethic pluralism. But the latter can be understood as a kind of monism: truth is the existential property of having some truthmaker or other. On this view, the differences reside in how a truth is made true, but not in its being true. I’ll discuss how these two understandings differ and what the potential advantages of the latter idea might be.
A real-time vital control module to increase capabilities of railway control systems in highly automated train operations
Authors: Amendola Arturo , Barbareschi Mario , De Simone Salvatore , Mezzina Giovanni , Moriconi Alberto , Saragaglia Cataldo Luciano , Serra Diana , De Venuto Daniela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent advances in technology and railway have led to the introduction of systems and infrastructures capable of driving trains automatically. The Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system has been optimized for active human supervision. The next challenge is to realize ATO systems capable of achieving unsupervised operations on the mainlines. However, at this aim, additional safety functionalities should be provided. In this paper, we propose a pioneer hardware/software Vital Control Module (VCM) architecture capable of expanding the control capabilities of the existing train control system. The VCM includes a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), to be integrated into the cabin equipment, managed by a reliable and safe hard Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). Both hardware and software are developed to be compliant with related safety standards. The VCM integrates an application logic that acts as an on-board equipment control core, assessing the overall operativity in real-time, and promptly issuing emergency brakes if hazardous situations occur. The application logic has been developed with a model-based approach via Simulink/Stateflow tool and implemented as a C-script on the Xilinx Ultrascale + core housed on the PCB. We have used two testbeds to evaluate the VCM performance. Experimental results showed that the Worst-Case Response Time (WCRT) by the application logic is 13.6 times smaller than the most limiting specification-related deadline. The achieved earliness (− 1.8 ms out of 2 ms of deadline) allows for the easy expansion of VCM’s train protection capabilities in the future. Results from the second testbed showed that the VCM can intervene to mitigate hazardous situations ~ 2 times faster than the current automatic train protection systems according to the related standard.
Protein familiarity is a fundamental but rarely operationalized concept in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops: example of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)
Authors: Carlson Anne B. , Mathesius Carey A. , Gunderson Tim A. , Hession Aideen , Bruyere Reba , Mirsky Henry P. , Zhang John , Sandmann Mat , Fallers Melissa N. , Herman Rod A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFundamental to the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops is the concept of negligible risk for newly expressed proteins for which there is a history of safe use. Although this simple concept has been stated in international and regional guidance for assessing the risk of newly expressed proteins in GM crops, its full implementation by regulatory authorities has been lacking. As a result, safety studies are often repeated at a significant expenditure of resources by developers, study results are repeatedly reviewed by regulators, and animals are sacrificed needlessly to complete redundant animal toxicity studies. This situation is illustrated using the example of the selectable marker phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) for which familiarity has been established. Reviewed is the history of safe use for PMI and predictable results of newly conducted safety studies including bioinformatic comparisons, resistance to digestion, and acute toxicity that were repeated to gain regulatory reapproval of PMI expressed from constructs in recently developed GM maize. As expected, the results of these newly repeated hazard-identification and characterization studies for PMI indicate negligible risk. PMI expressed in recently developed GM crops provides an opportunity to use the concept of familiarity by regulatory authorities to reduce risk-disproportionate regulation of these new events and lessen the resulting waste of both developer and regulator resources, as well as eliminate unnecessary animal testing. This would also correctly imply that familiar proteins like PMI have negligible risk. Together, such modernization of regulations would benefit society through enabling broader and faster access to needed technologies.
„Wir wagen es […] all unser Arbeiten Prävention zu nennen“. Das Konzept der Strukturellen Prävention der Deutschen Aidshilfe
Authors: Kostimpas Dimitra , von Unger Hella 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Aidshilfe (DAH) entwarf in den 1980er- und 1990er-Jahren Präventionsstrategien, die sowohl wirksam also auch emanzipatorisch sein sollten. Letzteres ergab sich aus der doppelten Natur des Problems, dass HIV/Aids (1) großes Leid bedeutete, aber mit konventionellen Methoden nicht bearbeitbar schien, und (2) mit der Stigmatisierung marginalisierter Gruppen einherging. In diesem Kontext erlangte das Konzept der Strukturellen Prävention Bedeutung, mit dem die Deutsche Aidshilfe ihr Vorgehen legitimierte und theoretisierte. Sie knüpfte damit an institutionalisierte Gesundheitsdiskurse an, um diese von innen zu verändern, und verband gesundheitswissenschaftliche Ansätze mit Motiven der Neuen Sozialen Bewegungen. Mithin eignete sich die Deutsche Aidshilfe den (medizinisch geprägten) Präventionsbegriff an und deutete ihn um. Die Stärkung der betroffenen Menschen und ihrer Gemeinschaften gehörte ebenso zum präventiven Arbeiten wie politische Fragen und die Vermittlung von (lebensweltnahen, akzeptierenden) Präventionsbotschaften. Der vorliegende Beitrag situiert das Konzept der Strukturellen Prävention und rekonstruiert seine Bedeutung aus Sicht beteiligter Akteur:innen. Basierend auf dem Datenkorpus des ZOMiDi-Projekts („Zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen und die Herausforderungen von Migration und Diversität“) werden Dokumente (Jahresberichte, Reihe AIDS-FORUM DAH, Verbandszeitschrift etc.) des Verbandes der Deutschen Aidshilfe e. V. im Zeitraum von 1983 bis 2015 mit einem Schwerpunkt auf die ersten 15 Jahre der Vereinsgeschichte analysiert. Im Ergebnis tritt die innovative, gesellschaftskritische Programmatik des Aids-Aktivismus deutlich zutage. Gleichzeitig war die Umsetzung von Spannungen und Widersprüchen geprägt.
Fast-and-frugal means to assess reflection-related reasoning processes in teacher training—Development and evaluation of a scalable machine learning-based metric
Authors: Mientus Lukas , Wulff Peter , Nowak Anna , Borowski Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReflection is hypothesized to be a key component for teachers’ professional development and is often assessed and facilitated through written reflections in university-based teacher education. Empirical research shows that reflection-related competencies are domain-dependent and multi-faceted. However, assessing reflections is complex. Given this complexity, novel methodological tools such as non-linear, algorithmic models can help explore unseen relationships and better determine quality correlates for written reflections. Consequently, this study utilized machine learning methods to explore quality correlates for written reflections in physics on a standardized teaching situation. N = 110 pre- and in-service physics teachers were instructed to reflect upon a standardized teaching situation in physics displayed in a video vignette. The teachers’ written reflections were analyzed with a machine learning model which classified sentences in the written reflections according to elements in a reflection-supporting model. A quality indicator called level of structure (LOS) was devised and further used to validate machine learning classifications against experts’ judgements. Analyses show that LOS is positively correlated with experts’ judgements on reflection quality. We conclude that LOS of a written reflection is one important indicator for high-quality written reflections which is able to exclude typical quality correlates such as text length. With the help of the machine learning model, LOS can be useful to assess pre-service physics teachers written reflections.
Beyond the Parallel Tangent Method to Predict the Composition of the First Nucleating Phase from Oversaturated Solutions
Authors: Kaptay George 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe parallel tangent method widely applied to predict the composition and driving force to form a nucleus from an oversaturated solution is extended in this paper. The parallel tangent method is shown to (i) Over-estimates the composition difference between the first nucleus and the parent phase, (ii) Neglects the composition dependence of interfacial energies and (iii) Neglects the composition dependence of probability to form embryos prior to nucleation. New model equations are developed here for the composition dependence of the interfacial energies and probability to form the embryos as function of nucleus composition at given matrix composition. The most probable composition of the first nucleus is found at the maximum of the driving force of nucleation extended by the new model equations. The success of the extended method is demonstrated for an Al-Fe liquid alloy with 0.3 w% of Fe to predict the first nucleating intermetallic phases upon cooling after nucleation of the fcc phase. It is shown that although the prediction based on the parallel tangent method contradicts experimental observations, the prediction based on our extended method agrees with them.
Graphical Abstract
The Linguistic Disposition of Emergency Callers: Using Proximity Coefficients to Identify the Sentiments of Guilty and Innocent Emergency Callers
Authors: Elms Serena , Keatley David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStaging an emergency call is a form of detection avoidance that can obscure evidence and mislead police investigations. For example, having killed a person, a caller may stage an emergency call to cover it up as an accident, or a person having killed a victim may dispose of the body and call emergency services to claim they are missing. Similarly, inaccurately categorising an emergency call as staged can have large consequences on investigations. The aim of the current research is to assist with the use of emergency call analysis in police investigations by focusing on callers’ underlying psychological sentiment or ‘linguistic disposition’ (LD) in staged and authentic calls. The transcripts of real-world emergency calls from guilty and innocent individuals were linguistically analysed for markers of LD to develop an understanding of callers’ LD towards the subject of the call. Linguistic indicators were then quantified with a method known as proximity coefficients, which showed a difference in the type of disposition exhibited between guilty and innocent callers towards the subject of the call. These findings provide an initial step towards understanding how LD can be used to inform police investigations and outline the next steps for future research.
Bone Trans-omics: Integrating Omics to Unveil Mechanistic Molecular Networks Regulating Bone Biology and Disease
Authors: Mullin Benjamin H. , Ribet Amy B. P. , Pavlos Nathan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recent advancements in “omics” technologies and bioinformatics have afforded researchers new tools to study bone biology in an unbiased and holistic way. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies integrating multi-omics data gathered from multiple molecular layers (i.e.; trans-omics) to reveal new molecular mechanisms that regulate bone biology and underpin skeletal diseases.

Recent Findings
Bone biologists have traditionally relied on single-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to profile measureable differences (both qualitative and quantitative) of individual molecular layers for biological discovery and to investigate mechanisms of disease. Recently, literature has grown on the implementation of integrative multi-omics to study bone biology, which combines computational and informatics support to connect multiple layers of data derived from individual “omic” platforms. This emerging discipline termed “trans-omics” has enabled bone biologists to identify and construct detailed molecular networks, unveiling new pathways and unexpected interactions that have advanced our mechanistic understanding of bone biology and disease.

Summary
While the era of trans-omics is poised to revolutionize our capacity to answer more complex and diverse questions pertinent to bone pathobiology, it also brings new challenges that are inherent when trying to connect “Big Data” sets. A concerted effort between bone biologists and interdisciplinary scientists will undoubtedly be needed to extract physiologically and clinically meaningful data from bone trans-omics in order to advance its implementation in the field.
Compassion fatigue and global compassion fatigue in practitioner psychologists: a qualitative study
Authors: Stevens Keeley , Al-Abbadey Miznah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPractitioner psychologists are at risk of compassion fatigue (CF) due to the emotional demands of helping individuals who have experienced pain and suffering. Practitioner psychologists may also be impacted by wider socio-political events (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), which can lead to global compassion fatigue (GCF). While these concepts have been examined in various healthcare professionals, research exploring the impact of CF and GCF on practitioner psychologists has been very limited. This study therefore aimed to explore the impact of compassion fatigue (CF) and global compassion fatigue (GCF) on practitioner psychologists’ practice. Ten participants were recruited for online semi-structured interviews during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected was thematically analysed. Five themes related to compassionate care were identified, which included: ‘How to be compassionate’, ‘Psychologists require TLC too!’, ‘Hindrances of compassionate care’, ‘Constraints within the NHS’ and ‘Indicators of compassion fatigue and burnout’. Three themes related to GCF were identified, which included: ‘Effects of news/social media’, ‘Management of news/social media’ and ‘Challenges faced by COVID-19’. The implications of CF and GCF and ways to mitigate their effects on practitioner psychologists’ wellbeing, development, and their practice are discussed.
Lutein and β-Carotene Characterization in Free and Nanodispersion Forms in Terms of Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Elkholy Nourhan S. , Hariri Mohamad Louai M. , Mohammed Haitham S. , Shafaa Medhat W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Carotenoids are potent natural antioxidants with many important applications. Their nanodispersion formulations can solve problems that may limit their usage. In this study, we produced carotenoid nanodispersions from extracted lutein (nano-Lut), extracted β-carotene (nano-EBc), and synthetic β-carotene (nano-SBC).

Methods
The present study has quantitatively emphasized the physicochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of free and nanodispersed formulations of lutein and β-carotene. The nanodispersions were characterized by spectral absorption, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. Antioxidant and cytotoxicity assays were conducted for free and their nanodispersed forms. The cytotoxicity of free carotenoids and their nanodispersions was conducted on HSF, VERO, and BNL cell lines.

Results
Nano-Lut has the smallest mean particle size (185.2 ± 40.5 nm, PDI of 0.183 ± 0.01, and zeta potential of −28.6 ± 6.4 mV). Nano-SBc showed monomodal size distribution (220.5 ± 30.09 nm, PDI of 0.318 ± 0.03, and zeta potential of −12.1 ± 5.9 mV), while nano-EBc showed a bimodal size distribution (with a mean particle size of 498.3 ± 88.9 nm, PDI of 0.65 ± 0.08, and zeta potential of −39.7 ± 1.3 mV). All prepared nanodispersions showed less than 20% loss during the formulation process. Antioxidant assays showed that extracted lutein was the most active and synthetic β-carotene was the least. Cells showed higher tolerance for lutein and its nanodispersion than extracted or synthetic β-carotene either in free or nanodispersion forms.

Conclusions
The study proved that lutein in nanodispersed form possesses the smallest size, the highest antioxidant activity, and the lowest cytotoxicity among the tested formulations.
Representation of uncertainty in market models for operational planning and forecasting in renewable power systems: a review
Authors: Haugen Mari , Farahmand Hossein , Jaehnert Stefan , Fleten Stein-Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs the power system is becoming more weather-dependent and integrated to meet decarbonization targets, the level and severity of uncertainty increase and inevitably introduce higher risk of demand rationing or economic loss. This paper reviews the representation of uncertainty in power market models for operational planning and forecasting. A synthesis of previous reviews is used to find the prevalence of stochastic tools in power and energy system applications, and it concludes that most approaches are deterministic. A selection of power market tools handling uncertainty is reviewed in terms of the uncertain parameters they capture, and the methods used to describe them. These all use probabilistic methods and typically cover weather-related uncertainty, including demand. Random outages are also covered by several short-term power market models, while uncertainty in fuel and CO$$_2$$2emission prices were generally not found to be included, nor other types of uncertainty. A gap in power market models representing multiple dimensions of uncertainty, solvable on a realistic, large-scale system in a reasonable time, is identified. The paper concludes with a discussion on topics to address when representing uncertainty, where the main challenges are that uncertainty can be difficult to describe and quantify, and including uncertainty adds additional complexity and computational burden to the problem.
Microbial investigation of cleanability of different plastic and metal surfaces used by the food industry
Authors: Waldhans Claudia , Hebel Martin , Herbert Ulrike , Spoelstra Paul , Barbut Shai , Kreyenschmidt Judith 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferent conveyor belt materials used by the meat and other food industries were compared, regarding their cleanability as bacterial reduction rates in relation to their surface topography. Eleven thermoplastic polymers, four stainless steels, and five aluminized nanostructured surfaces were investigated under laboratory conditions. Cleanings were conducted with water only, and with an alkaline foam detergent. Overall, scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable differences in the surface topography of the tested surfaces. Water cleaning results showed that nanostructured aluminized surfaces achieved significantly higher cleanability rates compared to the eight thermoplastic surfaces, as well as the glass-bead blasted rough stainless steel. Thermoplastic surfaces showed overall low cleanability rates when cleaned with alkaline detergent, while stainless steel and nanoporous aluminum showed high variations. Overall, nanoporous aluminum showed promising results as it can be used to coat conveyor belts. However, compatibility with cleaning detergent and sensitivity to scratches must be further investigated. Overall, it can be concluded that cleanability is not only influenced by surface roughness, but also by the overall surface finish, scratches, and defects.
Path planning and collision avoidance based on the RRT*FN framework for a robotic manipulator in various scenarios
Authors: Qi Jianyou , Yuan Qingni , Wang Chen , Du Xiaoying , Du Feilong , Ren Ao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present a new path planning algorithm based on the rapidly exploring random tree-fixed node (RRT*FN) algorithm for manipulators. It addresses the problem that RRT*FN complex environment processing is not fast enough to meet real-time requirements, and RRT*FN is basically impossible to search for an effective manipulator path in a narrow-channel environment. In the new path planning algorithm, a heuristic sampling method is adopted and the leaf nodes outside the ellipsoids are preferentially deleted to address the node removal problem, resulting in better search paths and faster search speeds. When the nodes are expanded, new nodes are generated due to goal gravity and random point gravity, with the weight values dynamically adjusted via dichotomy, and the new nodes are expanded to the goal point twice to more rapidly obtain a tree extension direction that is closer to the goal point. For boundary points, the issues of narrow channels and stepped obstacles can be effectively solved by extending the local environment sampling boundaries. To optimize the paths, the redundant intermediate nodes are simplified based on the triangle inequality. Simulation analyses show that the proposed planner can adapt to a variety of scenarios in real time while satisfying optimal path conditions.