bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Recommended Regimen and Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rwinkwavu District Hospital, Rwanda
Authors: Ufitamahoro Emmanuel , Rutayisire Erigene , Habtu Michael 
Published: December 2022

Background
The main risk factor for developing various complications and hospital admissions among type 2 diabetes is poor adherence to all recommended regimens.
Objective
To determine adherence to recommended regimen and associated factors among type 2 diabetes at Rwinkwavu District Hospital and its catchment area.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. A total of 307 type 2 diabetes were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis (frequency and percentages) to describe the participants’ characteristics, and Chi-square test to establish associated factors with adherence to recommended regimen were performed. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with adherence to recommended regimen.
Results
The result shows that 85.7%, 27.0% and 38.8% of the respondents had good adherence to medication, diet and exercise respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that not taking alcohol [aOR= 2.21; 95%CI= 1.11-4.42], accessibility of healthcare services [aOR= 2.59; 95%CI= 1.21-5.53] and no experience of drug side effects [aOR= 5.27; 95%CI= 2.46-11.32] were associated with high medication adherence. Factors associated with high adherence level to recommended diet were accessibility to healthcare services [aOR= 2.93; 95%CI= 1.20-7.17], receiving lifestyle modification sessions [aOR= 3.56; 95%CI= 1.02-12.46] and presence of chronic comorbidities [aOR= 2.36; 95%CI= 1.37-4.08]. In addition, higher level of education [aOR= 2.64; 95%CI= 1.05-6.67], accessibility to healthcare services [aOR= 2.83; 95%CI= 1.31-6.09] and shorter time since diagnosis of type 2 diabetes [aOR= 2.09; 95%CI= 1.08-4.51] were more likely to have high adherence to recommended exercise.
Conclusion
Different individual and clinical factors were identified as determinants of adherence to recommended regimen among type 2 diabetes patients. Therefore, the policy makers concerned with health promotion will need to consider ways of improving access to compressive lifestyle education and healthcare services as well as availing drugs with less side effects.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):276-290
Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Adult Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Itanga Inès , Ndagijimana Albert , Claudine Simbi Clarisse Marie , Ntaganira Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Background
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is among the highest health crises that humanity ever confronted and it causes progressive weakening of the immune system leading to opportunistic infections (OIs) or malignancies during the natural course of the disease.
This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of OIs among adult PLWHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Ruhengeri referral hospital.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was performed by reviewing records of HIV-positive adult (≥ 15 years) on ART enrolled at Ruhengeri referral hospital from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2017. Opportunistic infections were reported based on clinical diagnosis and the prevalence of OIs was determined.
Results
The study reviewed records from 423 PLWHIV. Thirty-nine (9.2%) PLWHIV had been diagnosed with OIs; and frequent OIs were tuberculosis (20%), oral candidiasis, pneumonia and STI (15.6% each). The independent risk factors for developing OIs were being jobless (AOR = 5.03, 95% CI = 2.13, 32.99), spending more than five years on ART (AOR = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.12-16.78) and starting ART at WHO clinical stage III (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI = 1.65-16.78).
Conclusion
There is a need to strengthen the management of opportunistic infections despite the use of ART at Ruhengeri referral hospital.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):323-331
Emotions and Feelings as Predictors of Depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders among Children and Adolescents with Complete Blindness
Authors: Nyirahabimana Marie Louise , Tuyishimire Benjamin , Niyonsenga Japhet , Ntete Jeanne Marie , Mukarusanga Ignatiana , Mutabaruka Jean 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Although blindness is a detrimental physical condition affecting almost all aspects of the lives of children and adolescents with blindness, little is known about the negative emotions and feelings they express and how they are linked with psychological disorders. Thus, this study aimed at examining the links between negative basic emotions, feelings, depression, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Methods
Sixty children and adolescents with blindness were selected from HVP Gatagara-Rwamagana. We computed the regression analysis to identify the associations between emotions and feelings and depression and ADHD symptoms.
Results
Results indicated clinical levels of sadness in 29 of 60 (48.3%), low self-esteem in 27 of 60 (45%), anger in 26 of 60 (43.3%), guilt and shame in 25 of 60) 41.6%, depression in 26 of 60 (43.3%), inattention in 11 of 60 (18.3%) and hyperactivity in 3 of 60 (5%). This study revealed that self-esteem (β = -0.81, p < 0.001), anger (β = 0.76, p < 0.001), sadness (β = 0.75, p < 0.001), low happiness (β = -0.53, p < 0.001), guilt and shame (β = 0.70, p < 0.001) predicted depressive symptoms. Only sadness (β = 0.540, p = 0.04) and anger (β =- 0.556, p = 0.04) were significant predictors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with blindness.
Conclusion
Interventions designed to elevate self-esteem and happiness as well as decrease anger, sadness, shame and guilt are needed for decreasing the risk of depression and ADHD.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):340-349
Influencing pre-service teachers' intentions to teach in rural locations
Authors: Van Rensburg Henriette , Noble Karen , McIlveen Peter 
Published: December 2022

Education is seen as a vehicle for supporting sustainability in rural and regional contexts, but attracting and retaining teachers in rural and regional contexts remains an area of concern across Australia as well as internationally. Therefore attracting teachers to rural and remote locations requires targeted intervention during pre-service teacher education. Ninety-nine students enrolled in a Bachelor of Education program offered by the University of Queensland participated in this study. A mixed method approach was used to capture the ways in which the sample of pre-service teachers understood their experiences of 'being, knowing and doing' (Gee, 1996) teaching in rural and remote contexts. The outcomes of this study provide insights into the effectiveness of initial exposure to a targeted online intervention, in terms of challenging pre-existing perceptions of practice in such contexts and the possibilities of accepting a rural and remote teaching position upon graduation. Graduates entering the workforce can find themselves working in contexts of which they have limited experience. As such, preparatory university programs of study need to reflect these changes and ensure that degree programs that are offered do indeed meet the ever-changing needs of the students that enrol, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to create a stable vocational identity and to understand the opportunities and challenges that choosing to practice in rural and remote contexts affords.
Keywords: Remote and rural education, sustainability, vocational identity, targeted intervention, preservice preparatioin
Liquid Modernity, Emplacement And Education For The Anthropocene: Challenges For Rural Education In Tasmania
Authors: Smith Caroline , Fraser Sharon P , Corbett Michael 
Published: December 2022

In spite of being relatively wealthy and resource-rich, a persistent narrative of the island state of Tasmania is the deficit framing of its regional and rural education where, under the placeless and mobile orientation of hypermodernity, the only serious option for success for its young is to leave their communities. This paper presents a counter-narrative that emerges through the lenses of social and ecological theory that draws together a critical examination of Baumanâ€™s notion of liquid modernity and aspiration alongside concepts of locality and emplacement. Â We situate this counter-narrative within the growing literature calling for a transformation of education as humanity grapples with the challenge of the Anthropocene, arguably the great educational challenge of our times. We conclude that regionality and rurality can be reframed as opportunities in response to the Anthropocene that offer the potential to explore fundamentally new models of multidisciplinary research that connect educational inquiry to larger questions of sustainability as well as social, economic and cultural development within regional and rural communities in Tasmania and beyond.
Becoming familiar strangers: an exploration of inland boarding school education on cultural wellbeing of minority students from Xinjiang province
Authors: Su Xin , Harrison Neil , Moloney Robyn 
Published: December 2022

The Inland Xinjiang Senior Secondary School Class Policy (Neidi Xinjiang Gaozhongban Zhengce, hereafter the Xinjiang Class Policy) was executed by Chinaâ€™s Ministry of Education (MOE) in September 2000.Â It allows and funds middle school-aged students, mostly ethnic minorities from southern Xinjiangâ€™s impoverished rural and nomadic regions to attend boarding schools in predominately Han-populated cities located throughout eastern China. The purpose of this policy is to improve ethnic minority studentsâ€™ political, economic and cultural status and to promote ethnic unity and Chinese nationalism. A systematic review of the literature is conducted in order to identify the research relevant to the execution of Inland Xinjiang Senior Secondary School Class Policy. Using Michel Foucaultâ€™s concept of normalisation, the paper examines how the goals of this Policy are accomplished through the provision of boarding school education. It suggests that while students are resisting integration through their attempts to maintain ethnic identity, better educational achievements and increased employment opportunities are nevertheless positioning minority students as ethnic elites in Xinjiang.While previous research has focused largely on the experiences of minority students in boarding schools, the systematic review applied here finds that research exploring the cultural significance for parents whose children leave home to study in far-away places is extremely limited. This limitation thus constitutes the future focus of this research study.
The Department of Education's (WA) Rural and Remote Training Schools Program
Authors: Lobb Richard 
Published: December 2022

The Department of Education initiated a pilot of the Rural and Remote Training Schools project in 2011 to promote rural and remote teaching to university students. The program is a key component of the Department's broader attraction and retention strategy and targets the Pilbara, Kimberley, Midwest and Goldfields regions; areas that are deemed to be difficult to staff.
Attraction and retention of quality teachers in rural and remote locations remain key Departmental priorities.
A key component of the program involves the manager working closely with Universities to promote the program and to identify high performing pre-service teachers who are interested in undertaking a long term (usually final) practicum in a rural or remote school. The manager also works with schools, regional offices and mentor teachers to ensure that the required conditions are in place within each school to provide the pre-service teacher with a supportive 'training' environment.
Education extension literature for farmers: just how good is it?
Authors: Hartley Ross 
Published: December 2022

Agricultural extension throughout Australia is undergoing change. Publications for farmers are an extension strategy which uses enormous resources, yet there is little scientific enquiry validating this expenditure, particularly given the high levels of functional literacy among Australian adults. Operation Quality Wheat is an innovative educational program which emphasises user-friendly literature. Two publications were designed and tested with farmers to trial an illustrated plain english approach to transferring information. Results confirmed much interest in the change, by farmers, but less so by extension professionals.
Sketching Tomorrow’s Mediascape – And Beyond
Authors: Carroll Mary , Remael Aline 
Published: December 2022

Dear Readers,
As the guest editors of this special issue of JAT, we hope that you will enjoy reading the selected articles and that they will inspire you to explore new research avenues. It has been a pleasure for us to edit this issue and to acquaint ourselves with the research presented in it. We hope that our introduction will also provide food for thought.
We have always enjoyed working in audiovisual translation and media accessibility and trust that it will continue to be a thriving, expanding and creative field of practice and research.
Mary Carroll and Aline Remael
Гепатит С в стоматологической практике: современные состояния проблемы (литературный обзор)
Authors: Хасанова Лола , Авазова Шахло 
Published: December 2022

Установлено, что в 1970 году был выделен РНК-вирус, ответственный за большинство случаев парентерального гепатита ни А, ни В (НАНВГ), и он был назван вирусом гепатита С (ВГС). Выяснено, что с тех пор была определена последовательность генома вируса и идентифицировано не менее 10 различных типов. Определено, что у большинства пациентов, инфицированных ВГС, развиваются хронические заболевания печени, в частности, хронический активный гепатит или цирроз, а у некоторых из них развивается гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома. Установлено, что в 2016 году показатель заболеваемости ВГС по Республике Узбекистан составил 0,2 на 100 тыс. населения. На отдельных территориях республики показатели заболеваемости ВГС варьировались в широких пределах (на 100 тыс. населения): в Республике Каракалпакстан — 0,9, Андижанской обл. — 0,1, Бухарской обл. — 0,4, Джизакской обл. — 0,2, Кашкадарьинской обл. — 0,3, Навоийской обл. — 0,2, Наманганской обл. – 0,1, Самаркандской обл. – 0,2, Сурхандарьинской обл. – 0,1, Сырдарьинской обл. – 0,3, Ташкентской обл. – 0,1, Ферганской обл. – 0,1, Хорезмской обл. – 0,0, г.Ташкент – 0,3.
Выяснено, что в настоящее время не существует эффективной терапии против ВГС, а также протоколов пассивной или активной иммунизации против ВГС. Эпидемиологические исследования показывают, что инфекция ВГС относительно хорошо ограничена определенными группами пациентов, в частности потребителями инъекционных наркотиков и реципиентами крови и продуктов крови. Тем не менее, поскольку ВГС-инфекция передается в основном парентерально, ее следует рассматривать как потенциальную опасность для стоматологического персонала. В статье представлен обзор современных знаний об инфекции ВГС с особым вниманием к тем вопросам, которые имеют отношение к стоматологам.
Распространенность заболеваний пародонта у студентов- стоматологов 1-2 курсов
Authors: Далимова Шоира 
Published: December 2022

В статье обсуждается распространенность заболеваний пародонта у 35 студентов-стоматологов 1-2 курсов, обучающихся в стоматологическом факультете Андижанского государственного медицинского института. Авторы выявили на наличие признаков воспаление в тканях пародонта, что объясняется наличие зубочелюстных аномалий и недостаточный уровень гигиены полости рта. Анализ заболевания пародонта наблюдался у 77,14% студентов объясняет необходимость лечения и профессиональной гигиены полости рта.
Morus alba L. Leaf Extract Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Paraquat-Exposed Macrophages
Authors: Srinontong Piyarat , Kathanya Juthamanee , Juijaitong Poonthariga , Soontonrote Kanchanok , Aengwanich Worapol , Wandee Jaroon , Peanparkdee Methavee , Wu Zhiliang 
Published: December 2022

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide in agricultural areas. However, it has been reported to cause harm to animals or humans exposed to this herbicide. Generally, PQ stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species within cells causing cell death and resulting in bodily abnormalities. At present, efforts are being made to find drugs to reduce the toxic effects of PQ and natural products are targets of interest. This study aimed to assess the effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract on macrophages (RAW 264.7) after exposure to PQ, including the viability and expressions of NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6. We treated RAW 264.7 macrophages with Morus alba L. leaf extract in the absence or presence of PQ. Subsequently, viability, apoptosis, and expressions of NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 were examined. It was found that the extract of mulberry leaves could inhibit apoptosis, increase viability, and significantly downregulates expressions of NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 when RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to PQ. These phenomena indicated that Morus alba L. leaf extract has properties to reduce the inflammatory effect caused by the herbicide PQ.
HIGHLIGHTS

Morus alba L. leaf extract improved the PQ-induced apoptosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage
Morus alba L. leaf extract inhibited the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6 of RAW 264.7 macrophages

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Co-Relation Between Androgenetic Alopecia and Severity of COVID-19 Disease - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Waseem , Iftikhar Nadia , Irshad Mushayada , Malik Naveed Akhtar , Anjum Muhammad , Ahmed Bilal 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find the correlation between the degree of androgenetic alopecia and the severity of COVID-19 disease.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Dermatology department, PEMH, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Feb to Aug 2021.
Methodology: A total of 227 patients (male and female) of COVID-19 admitted in a Corona ward of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan were selected randomly. The degree of androgenetic alopecia was assessed with the help of using the Hamilton-Norwood Scale (HNS) for men and the Ludwig Scale (LS) for women, and the severity of COVID-19 was graded based on CT severity score (CTSS).
Results: Out of the total, 161 (71%) were male, and 66 (29%) were female. Out of 161 males, 31 (19.2%) had no alopecia, and 130 (80.7%) had some degree of alopecia. Out of patients with alopecia, 33 had moderate alopecia, and 97 had severe alopecia. Out of 66 females, 32 (48.5%) had no alopecia, while 34 (51.5%) had some degree of alopecia.
Conclusion: High frequency of androgenetic alopecia in severely ill-hospitalized patients of COVID-19 suggests that androgen has a vital role in the disease severity of COVID-19.
Factors Leading to Morbidity and Mortality in Neonates Presenting to Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi
Authors: Aslam Sehar , Ahmed Zeeshan , Zaman Saeed , Mansoor Eisha , Nadeem Tariq , Tabussam Samina 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and association of different risk factors for morbidity and mortality in neonates.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Nov 2021 to Apr 2022.
Methodology: A total of 332 patients (166 cases and 166 controls) admitted in the neonatal intensive care setting were includedin our study. Patients who were stillborn or had incomplete records were excluded. All patients were followed up till discharge or death and were documented for various risk factors.
Results: The mean age of our study population was 11.52 ± 6.45 days, with 176 (53.0%) males. Risk factors such as low birthweight (2.06 [95% Cl 1.20-3.54]), multiple gestations (2.09 [95% Cl 1.87-2.35]), premature delivery (1.61 [95% Cl 1.01-2.57]),male gender (1.62 [95% Cl 1.05-2.51]) and lack of antenatal care (1.61 [95% Cl 1.01-2.57]) showed an association with mortality.Early-onset neonatal sepsis (1.78 [95% Cl 0.98-3.22]), hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (3.01 [95% Cl 1.55-5.82]), meconiumaspiration syndrome (2.42 [95% Cl 0.97-6.05]), congenital anomalies (4.15 [95% Cl 0.87 – 19.85]) and inborn errors of metabolism (7.26 [95% Cl 0.88-59.71]) were all associated with an increase in mortality.
Conclusion: Increased risk for mortality in critically ill neonates is multifactorial and requires intervention at multiple levels to reduce mortality at all phases of gestation.
In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients Presenting with Acute Anterior STEMI with Right Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Zameer Imran , Kashif Muhammad , Perveez Akasha , Murad Adnara , Asad Muhammad , Asad Muhammad , Khan Aleena , Sana Ayesha , Hayat Azmat 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the in-hospital outcomes in Anterior wall ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction patients presenting with Right Bundle Branch Block with different reperfusion strategies.
Study Design: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Feb 2021.
Methodology: Patients with myocardial infarction who presented to the emergency department of the hospital were included in the study. Further evaluation was performed on individuals with ST elevation in anterior chest leads and new-onset or presumably new Right bundle branch block on electrocardiogram. Anterior wall myocardial infarction was diagnosed based on 4th universal definition of Myocardial infarction. Patients excluded were those with non-anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, or Left bundle branch block.The treatment plan was chosen by the interventional cardiologist. Various parameters were used to measure the outcomes ofdifferent therapies.
Results: 93 patients were included with 72(77.4%) males and 21 females (22.5%). Mean age was 59.91±11.93 years. Premorbid seen was 41.9% diabetes, 32.3% hypertension, 18.3% smoking. Transient RBBB was seen in 64.5% of the study population and persistence RBBB was 35.5%. Mortality was associated with higher Killip class (p=<0.001), AV block (p=0.078), increased no of coronary vessels involved (p=0.014), increased amplitude of ST elevation (p=0.083) and with lower EF values (p=0.032). Worst outcomes were common in patients on medical treatment.
Conclusion: Poor outcomes in Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction with Right Bundle Branch Block are linked to length ofstay, co morbidities, Killip class, amplitude of ST elevation, coronary artery disease complexity and those managed on medicaltreatment.