bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcendental Philosophy and the Self-Consciousness of Reason
Authors: Schafer Karl 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a general overview of Kant’s philosophical methodology during the critical period, focusing on what the chapter calls Kant’s “powers-first” or “capacities-first” approach. This methodology treats our basic rational or cognitive capacities as epistemically and explanatorily fundamental for (at least human forms of) philosophy. As the chapter sketches, this framework for thinking about Kant’s philosophical methodology sheds light on many familiar debates, while also providing us with important context for thinking about Kant’s conception of reason and its unity. The chapter closes by suggesting that this approach remains attractive today insofar as it captures the aspects of rationality we must treat as foundational in philosophy without committing us to further metaphysical claims that are inessential in this context.
Kant’s Rational Constitutivism
Authors: Schafer Karl 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter builds on the last two to continue to explore the sort of self-consciousness that Kant takes to characterize reason (and other rational powers), focusing on his willingness to use both normative and descriptive terminology to describe such power’s internal principles. This leads into the broadly meta-ethical dimensions of Kant’s account of the “sources of normativity”. Here the chapter argues that for Kant any rational power, be it practical or theoretical, is governed by an internal principle that can be characterized in either descriptive or normative terms. This supports a version of the idea of Kant as a “meta-normative constitutivist”. But the version of this view it supports focuses, not on our nature as agents, but rather on the nature of reason as a unified faculty for both theoretical and practical understanding. Thus, the chapter will argue that by viewing Kant’s “constitutivism” through the lens of his general commitment to a powers-first approach, we can better understand the sense in which Kant both is and is not a constitutivist—and see why his form of constitutivism remains attractive today.
The Economics of Financial Markets and Institutions
Authors: Sussman Oren 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This manuscript is based on introductory lectures on financial economics that the author delivered to masters students in the Faculty of Law at the University of Oxford. The book approaches financial economics as an application of general economic theory to both financial markets and financial institutions. Accordingly, it presents both the general economic theory and its financial applications. The presentation is formal and rigorous, though the mathematics is simplified to the bare minimum. Formal analysis results in models that can be tested against real data (positive analysis), but can also be used as a basis for policy design (normative analysis). Unregulated (spontaneous) interaction serves as an interesting benchmark to the normative analysis, without pre-supposing that it is the most economically efficient arrangement.
Passages from the Akhbar
Authors: Tyabji Salima 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter contains passages from the Amiruddin and Badruddin books which convey an idea of the life led by this family, the good spirits, the sense of family togetherness, and their energetic pastimes. They are not entirely representative of the entries since many of those are hastily scribbled and of no special interest. Also not included are the numerous entries on plays, or musical evenings, as none seemed to be of special merit although these entertainments played an important part in their time at Matheran and Mahableshwar, and also in Bombay. Those included are three entries on the Turkish crisis of 1876-7 in the Akhbar-e-Amiri; the opening entry in the Wynad Akhbar by Amiruddin Tyabji (1877); an account of family picnics given by Rahat Tyabji (1891); Amina Tyabji’s descriptions of her travels in Europe in 1893-4; Mohsin Tyabji’s account of the solar eclipse in 1898; three passages about the fierce discussions on purdah at the Anglo-Mahomedan Educational Conference of 1903; Sakina Lukmani’s detailed account of her mother’s last illness and death; and the last important piece in the Badruddin books, Halima Fyzee’s description of a visit to the Jog Falls in 1907.
The Human A Priori
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The essays in this collection all reckon with something ineliminably anthropocentric in our systematic pursuit of a priori sense-making. The essays in Part I deal with the nature, scope, and limits of a priori sense-making in general. The essays in Parts II, III, and IV deal with what are often thought to be the three great exemplars of the systematic pursuit of such sense-making: philosophy in the case of Part II, ethics in the case of Part III, and mathematics in the case of Part IV. Much of the attention throughout is devoted to the work of other philosophers: Kant and Wittgenstein feature prominently, and five of the essays take the form of reviews or critical notices of recent work in philosophy. But the interest in never purely exegetical. One of the lessons that emerges from the essays, either in opposition to the views of these other philosophers or by invocation of their views, is that we humans achieve nothing of real significance in philosophy, ethics, or mathematics except from a human point of view, and hence that all three of these pursuits can be said to betoken what may reasonably be called “the human a priori”.
On the Necessity of the Categories
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Kant holds that human cognition involves two faculties, sensibility and the understanding, and that each of these has pure forms: space and time in the case of sensibility, and the twelve categories in the case of the understanding. But Kant is also careful to leave open the possibility of there being creatures like us, with both sensibility and understanding, who nevertheless have different pure forms of sensibility. The question is raised whether he leaves open an analogous possibility in the case of the understanding, that is to say the possibility of creatures like us, with both sensibility and understanding, who nevertheless have different categories. It is argued that textual and systematic considerations do not determine an answer to this question. It is further argued that Kant might be neutral on the issue but that, if he is, the exact form his neutrality takes is subject to unexpected constraints.
Varieties of Sense-Making
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay was written for a special issue of Midwest Studies in Philosophy on the so-called ‘new atheism’. It is argued that part of what motivates the new atheism is an extreme naturalism, whereby the only way to make sense of things is the natural-scientific way. This naturalism is then discredited, partly on the grounds that the natural-scientific way to make sense of things is not the way to make sense of that very way of making sense of things. However, it is also argued that certain difficulties afflict any attempt, on the part of the theist, to resist the new atheism by invoking some quite different way of making sense of things: in particular, there are difficulties in ensuring that what is being invoked really is a way of making sense of things. The essay concludes with consideration of how due acknowledgement of the varieties of sense-making nevertheless provides a powerful response to the new atheism, and of how this bears specifically on one of the greatest challenges confronting the theist, namely the problem of suffering.
Sense-Making from a Human Point of View
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay is an exploration of what it dubs the ‘artistic’ conception of philosophy. This conception has two components: first, the view of philosophy as a humanistic discipline that Bernard Williams advocates; and second, the view that the sense-making involved in philosophy is a creative exercise. The first of these components casts philosophy as anthropocentric, and stands opposed to scientism. The second casts philosophy as exploratory and open to radical innovation, and stands opposed to conservatism. In the course of the discussion, which proceeds via consideration of the distinction that is standardly drawn between ‘analytic’ philosophy and ‘continental’ philosophy, an internal tension in the artistic conception is identified. This is the tension between its anthropocentrism, which requires that philosophers make sense of things from a human point of view, and its anti-conservatism, which requires that they be prepared to make sense of things from beyond that point of view. An attempt is made to resolve the tension by arguing that the anthropocentrism in question need not be any more than provisional. In the final section of the essay some of Spinoza’s ideas are considered as a case study. The importance of proceeding with care in philosophy is emphasized, and it is urged that, even if the anthropocentrism in question need not be any more than provisional, it had better not be any less than that either: it had better not be abandoned altogether.
On There Being Nothing Else to Think, or Want, or Do
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The basis for this essay, which originally appeared in a volume of essays in honour of David Wiggins, is Wiggins’s idea of there being nothing else to think. It is argued that, if we construe Wiggins’s idea in such a way that there being nothing else to think but that p is equivalent to its being true that p, then it involves the following subsidiary idea: if it is true that p, then anyone who does not think that p pays a price. A proposal is made concerning what this price is, namely that of having at most a ‘conditioned’ thought about whether or not p, where a conditioned thought is defined in such a way that any such thought is always liable to be unsettled by critical self-conscious reflection. This proposal is then extended to each of volition and agency, thereby giving substance to the idea of there being nothing else to want but that p and the idea of there being nothing else to do but x. The role played by truth in the original proposal is (roughly) played by rightness in the proposal concerning volition and by categorical requirement in the proposal concerning agency. In the final section of the essay some sketchy remarks are made about how these proposals could combine with the idea that human beings are finite but have an aspiration to be infinite, to explain the value of the true, the right, and the categorically required.
Williams, Nietzsche, and the Meaninglessness of Immortality
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The first section of this essay considers the argument that Bernard Williams advances for the meaninglessness of immortality. It also considers various counter-arguments. An attempt is made to show that the more clearly these counter-arguments are targeted at the spirit of Williams’s argument, rather than at its letter, the less clearly they pose a threat to it. The focus of the second section of the essay is on Nietzsche, whose views about the eternal recurrence might appear to make him an opponent of Williams. It is argued that, properly interpreted, these views in fact make him an ally.
Introduction
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the central arguments and theoretical assertions of the book, outlining its main concerns: consumerism, commercialism, global inequality, and the formation of collective memory in such frameworks. First, we examine consumerism which, as well as being an economic phenomenon, is one of the most important cultural forces of our time. The chapter addresses the commodification of traumatic memories. Drawing on the concept of the trauma economy, it outlines how ideas, imaginaries, and representations of traumatic experiences circulate across geographical, temporal, and social spaces, thereby enabling or disabling awareness about them. We introduce a concept that is developed throughout the book—global hierarchies of victimhood—to indicate the markedly different perceptions of victims of mass atrocities based on their nationality, social status, and other social markers. The introduction also offers a summary of subsequent chapters and a detailed description of the book’s empirical material, its methodological approach, and ethnographic fieldwork.
Dark consumerism and the trauma(tic) economy
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The commercialization of traumatic memories by the forces of commercialism goes beyond on-screen representations to shape the lived, material reality of Medellín’s residents. Over the past decade the city has been transformed by a dark commercial web centred on the ‘Escobar experience’, including tours and souvenirs as well as supplying tourists with drugs and sexual services. This chapter shows how media productions have contributed to the growth of dark tourism. We rely on statistical data provided by the mayor’s office, ethnographic observations of narco-tours, and interviews with taxi drivers who spoke about the demands made by foreign visitors seeking to explore and re-enact Escobar’s life. The chapter includes photos from our visits to shrines of narco-violence, such as Escobar’s grave and residences, to show the materiality of dark tourism. Finally, we deal with the difficulties that dark tourism poses for the survivors of violence and their struggles to participate in history-making and efforts to overcome their trauma. By describing the shock experienced by a person whose father was killed by Escobar when they see someone in the street wearing an Escobar T-shirt, we demonstrate the impact of this industry on the re-victimization of those who had experienced the violence. We argue that the conjunction of the symbolic power of narco-shows and dark tourism creates the impression that transnational actors have hijacked the narrative about Medellín, trapping it in the role of deviant city.
Institutional Framework
Authors: Davis Ronald , Madaus Stephan , Marcucci Monica , Mevorach Irit , Mokal Riz , Romaine Barbara , Sarra Janis , Tirado Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Any mechanism for cross-border cooperation and coordination of resolution measures based on the principles of fairness and modified universalism developed in previous chapters rests on the institutions involved. It is important to identify two basic types of situations. First, the original decision to initiate a resolution process and to select specific measures or tools will be primarily taken in the home jurisdiction; second, institutions in a foreign jurisdiction may be confronted with requests to give effect to and support measures taken by the host jurisdictions. Courts may become involved as either a resolution authority in some jurisdictions or in reviewing decisions taken by special resolution authorities. In host jurisdictions, courts may serve as a gatekeeper for the recognition and support of foreign resolution measures, or preside over parallel local proceedings. They may also be faced with a foreign resolution measure in the context of litigation involving a claim within the host jurisdiction that was supposedly modified or stayed by a foreign resolution process or involved a compensation claim for such modification. This chapter discusses the multiple roles of the courts and other institutions. It is not intended to evaluate policy decisions about which institution should be entrusted with the resolution process in a given jurisdiction. In accordance with this book’s focus, the analysis explains different institutional designs and evaluates their ability to facilitate the cross-border efficacy of resolution measures. This discussion informs the development of the rationale and key features of a Model Law in Chapter 9.
A Model Law on Cross-border Resolution of Financial Institutions
Authors: Davis Ronald , Madaus Stephan , Marcucci Monica , Mevorach Irit , Mokal Riz , Romaine Barbara , Sarra Janis , Tirado Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 proposes an international instrument, in the form of a model law, for the cross-border resolution of financial institutions. The chapter explains this choice of instrument (why a model law) and the nature of the model law proposed, which can provide rules both on private international law and on certain aspects of substantive law (tools for resolution). It is argued that a model law can impact the feasibility and success of cross-border cooperation, and the ability to adopt an instrument which is sufficiently comprehensive and precise. The chapter then delineates the range of issues that should be covered in a model law for distressed financial institutions. These include jurisdiction; applicable law; the resolution tools that ought to be harmonized; recognition of a foreign resolution process; recognition of, support for, and/or enforcement of particular resolution measures; cooperation; duties; and safeguards. The chapter discusses in detail each of these key features and their rationale, drawing on the experiences with existing instruments of cross-border insolvency and resolution. The chapter also provides hypothetical examples showing how the model law envisioned might apply in practice.
The Use of the Term ἴδιος in Alexandrian Theology from Alexander to Cyril
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The word ἴδιος seems to have been first used in the Alexandrian tradition by Alexander, citing Rom. 8:32 to demonstrate that closeness of the Son to the Father. Athanasios uses the term extensively of the intimate relationship between the Son and the Father, and indeed between the Spirit and the Father: it is equivalent to ὁμοούσιος. The use of ἴδιος is extended to the relationship between the Word and the human nature it assumed, affirming intimacy and inseparability. Cyril extends it to characterize the nature of Eucharist: it is the Word’s ἰδία σάρξ, own flesh. It is not, however, found in later patristic tradition; as the Cappadocian use of ἴδιος, borrowed perhaps from Porphyry’s Eisagōgē, to designate the unique properties of the persons of the Trinity prevails.
Ignatios or Eusebios
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ecclesiology in the Orthodox world is based on the Byzantine concept of symphonia between Church and Emperor, the first apologist for which was Eusebios; even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, such a notion continued to haunt the Orthodox imagination, and informed the development of autocephalous national churches in the nineteenth century. After the Russian Revolution, émigré theologians, especially Nikolai Afanasiev, sought the premisses of ecclesiology behind Eusebios in Ignatios of Antioch, developing a ‘eucharistic ecclesiology’, which has become influential, not only in Orthodoxy, but beyond. Nevertheless, there remains a hankering after symphonia of some form, even in the diaspora, the despite the dangers of anti-Semitism in trying to articulate a ‘Christian society’. Perhaps we should take the notion of diaspora more seriously, as closer to the way of life Christians should pursue in this world.
St Makrina
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is not uncommon to claim Makrina, the eldest child of Basil and Emmelia, whose other children included Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa, as the fourth Cappadocian; she seems to hide in the shadow of her more famous brothers. Nevertheless, it seems that Makrina had a decisive influence on her brother Basil, guiding him to the monastic life, and initiating, with her widowed mother, a form of ‘house-monasticism’, though Basil never mentions her. We know of her from epigraphs by Gregory of Nazianzus and two treatises by Gregory of Nyssa, his vita of his sister, and the Dialogue on the Soul and the Resurrection—which recounts their discussion as she lay dying. Gregory calls her didaskalos, teacher, but there is debate as to whether what Gregory presents as her teaching does not simply represent Gregory’s own views. An attempt is made to discern what is truly Makrina’s.
Pagan Theurgy and Christian Sacramentalism in Denys the Areopagite
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The nature of the influence of pagan philosophy on Denys demands careful analysis both of the terms borrowed and the meaning given them. So with theurgy, θεουργία: neither with Iamblichus nor with Denys does it mean an attempt to force the hands of the gods (or God); for both it asserts the inadequacy of human effort to make contact with the divine. The language of theurgy, however, does not stray into rituals performed by humans in the same way with the pagan and the Christian. For Iamblichus, theurgy does designate ritual action; whereas for Denys it designates directly God’s activity that humans need, while the actual rites are called hierurgy, ἱερουργία—for Denys needs to draw a line between what divine and human activity. Finally, the idea of sacramental efficacy is defended against those (modern Christian) interpreters of Denys who limit the efficacy of the sacraments to contemplation of symbolic actions.
The Reception of Dionysius in the Byzantine World
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The influence of Dionysios in the East has been customarily played down in contrast to his enormous influence on the Western mystical tradition. This is to ignore the real centre of gravity of Dionysios’ theology, which was liturgical. Although much Byzantine theology continued to be puzzled by the dissonance caused by his pseudonym, his influence on the interpretation and nature of liturgy continued to be resonant. The variety and depth of Dionysian influence is hard to underestimate, found in different ways, after Maximos, in John Damascene, Photios, Psellos, Symeon the New Theologian and his biographer Nikitas Stithatos, and Gregory Palamas and his predecessors. Maximos himself bequeathed insights founded on his reading of Dionysios to his successors. A prevailing tendency to diminish the Areopagite’s influence in scholarship of the last century is difficult to sustain.
Dionysios the Areopagite
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay seeks to establish, perhaps perversely, the thesis that it is only now, with our recognition of the pseudonymity of ‘Dionysios the Areopagite’, that we can fully appreciate his strategy in the Corpus Areopagiticum. From his acceptance as authentic in the sixth century to the proof of his dependence on Neoplatonism at the end of the nineteenth, for all his influence, the nature of his achievement in his works was disguised. Since the proof of pseudonymity by Koch and Stiglmayr, scholars have set off on a wild-goose chase in pursuit of the ‘real’ author. Frank acknowledgement of his pseudonymity enables a true appreciation of his achievement. Drawing on Charles Stang’s theological interpretation of his pseudonymity and Peter Struck’s advocacy of symbolism in late antiquity, it attempts to demonstrate how Dionysios sees the unknown God manifest as unknown through participation in the Liturgy—something already well attested in Greek theology.