bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of dairy‐product trade: Do subsidies matter?
Authors: Kondaridze Magdana , Luckstead Jeff 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the recent changes in the supply and demand of dairy products, many opportunities arise for exporting and importing countries. This paper examines determinants of dairy‐product trade by applying the Poisson Pseudo‐Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method to the gravity model using panel data on 49 exporting and 235 importing countries for the 17 years from 2000 to 2016. The gravity model is estimated using both interval data and dynamic analyses. The results show that domestic subsidies have a modest, but significant, impact on dairy‐product trade across the models. For example, a 1% increase in subsidies leads to a roughly 0.02% increase in trade for an average country. Memberships in trade agreements, market size factors, and government institutions also positively affect dairy‐product trade. However, tariffs are insignificant in the main model specification. Results from the lag‐policy analysis show that the impact of subsidies disappears after the second year of distribution; whereas for the lead‐policy analysis, results suggest at least 3 years of anticipatory effects on domestic subsidies.
Understanding deliberate indifference to suicide in corrections facilities: A review of recent legal cases
Authors: Barnes Carol , Piel Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe US corrections system is the largest provider of mental health care in the country. Suicide is a leading cause of death in corrections facilities with rates of inmate suicide being far higher than the national average. Suicide is an event that can lead to legal action against the facility, staff, and treating health‐care providers. Some claims are based on medical malpractice. In this setting, claims may also be brought based on violations of the detainee's constitutional rights. Pretrial detainees and prisoners, alike, have a constitutional right to adequate medical and psychiatric care through the Fourteenth Amendment and Eighth Amendment, respectively. But, there is limited information on constitutional claims made against correctional health‐care providers for cases of inmate suicide. To help bridge this gap, the authors conducted a search of federal legal case decisions involving claims against health‐care providers for deliberate indifference to a detainee's serious illness or injury in the event of attempted suicide or death by suicide over a 5 year period from 2016 to 2021. Fifteen cases were identified. Five themes emerged from the cases, which could serve as bases for claims against health‐care professionals: receiving screening, mental health assessment, treatment, documentation, and attention to facility policies. The cases and their clinical significance are summarized in this article. The materials provide an overview of the problems surrounding correctional suicides and can serve as practice pointers in the corporeal setting.
Escalation of alcohol intake is associated with regionally decreased insular cortex activity but not changes in taste quality
Authors: Mukherjee Ashmita , Paladino Morgan S. , McSain Shannon L. , Gilles‐Thomas Elizabeth A. , Lichte David D. , Camadine Rece D. , Willock Saidah , Sontate Kajol V. , Honeycutt Sarah C. , Loney Gregory C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent access to ethanol drives persistent escalation of intake and rapid transition from moderate to compulsive‐like drinking. Intermittent ethanol drinking may facilitate escalation of intake in part by altering aversion‐sensitive neural substrates, such as the insular cortex (IC), thus driving greater approach toward stimuli previously treated as aversive.MethodsWe conducted a series of experiments in rats to examine behavioral and neural responses associated with escalation of ethanol intake. First, taste reactivity analyses quantified the degree to which intermittent brief‐access ethanol exposure (BAEE) alters sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol. Next, we determined whether pharmacological IC inhibition facilitated ethanol escalation. Finally, given that the IC is primary gustatory cortex, we employed psychophysical paradigms to assess whether escalation of ethanol intake induced changes in ethanol taste. These paradigms measured changes in sensitivity to the intensity of ethanol taste and whether escalation in intake shifts the salient taste quality of ethanol by measuring the degree to which the taste of ethanol generalized to a sucrose‐like (“sweet”) or quinine‐like (“bitter”) percept.ResultsWe found a near‐complete loss of aversive oromotor responses in ethanol‐exposed relative to ethanol‐naïve rats. Additionally, we observed significantly lower expression of ethanol‐induced c‐Fos expression in the posterior IC in exposed rats relative to naïve rats. Inhibition of the IC resulted in a modest, but statistically reliable increase in the acceptance of higher ethanol concentrations in naïve rats. Finally, we found no evidence of changes in the psychophysical assessment of the taste of ethanol in exposed, relative to naïve, rats.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that neural activity within the IC adapts following repeated presentations of ethanol in a manner that correlates with reduced sensitivity to the aversive hedonic properties of ethanol. These data help to establish that alterations in IC activity may be driving exposure‐induced escalations in ethanol intake.
Progress in the remote sensing of veld fire occurrence and detection: A review
Authors: Graham Earl , Dube Timothy , Mpakairi Kudzai S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur research provides a detailed overview of the progress in remotely sensed fire monitoring techniques, which have been developed and employed for fire occurrence and detection. Our overview is provided from a literature search of English‐peer reviewed articles, conference proceedings and scientific book sections published between the periods of 1980 and 2019. Literature reveals that historically, fire detection through remotely sensed techniques has mainly occurred through ground‐based, airborne and satellite systems. Mathematical models, such as decision tree models, Species Distribution Models, Dynamic Global Vegetation Models and Global Climate Models, have also been employed alongside satellite systems to facilitate a greater understanding of fire dynamics and its susceptibility to changes in ecological and climatic variables. Fire frequency and severity are known to be influenced by atmospheric conditions, fuel load and ignitions. However, the literature suggests that targeting inappropriate wildfires with these techniques may still result in wildfires outside of the natural fire regime. Most studies regarding fire occurrence and/or monitoring focus on satellite‐based techniques as they provide the greatest coverage of wildfires at varying spatial and temporal resolutions depending on the sensor used. Satellite systems are advantageous for fire monitoring as they provide extensive coverage inexpensively. Finally, fire occurrence is explicitly influenced by moisture‐limited climatic conditions and/or fuel load in the form of leaf‐litter or water‐stressed plants.
Activity and nocturnal home range size of male common hippopotamus in Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Fritsch Camille J. A. , Streicher Jarryd P. , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is a driver of ecological processes in African savannah aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have highlighted the ecological impacts of hippos in these systems; however, these lack behavioural data to contextualise their ecological inputs. We fitted global positioning system (GPS) transmitter bracelets on male hippos (n = 3) in Kruger National Park, South Africa. The mean home range size for hippos using Adaptive Local Convex Hull (a‐LoCoH) home range (~6 km2) was smaller than previously documented. This study contributes baseline behavioural data for managing hippos in Kruger National Park and southern Africa.
Association of lipid‐lowering agent use and dry eye disease: A nationwide matched case–control study in Taiwan, 2002–2016
Authors: Chien Li‐Nien , Chou Yun‐I , Tsai Yuan‐Jen , Sung Li‐Chin , Liu Hung‐Yi , Lin Meng‐Yin , Wang Tsung‐Jen , Lin I‐Chan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between lipid‐lowering agent use and the risks of diagnosed dry eye disease (DED).MethodsThis retrospective, case–control study included 780 786 patients who received lipid‐lowering agents in 2002–2016, of which 17 409 were newly diagnosed with DED during a ≥2‐year follow‐up period. These patients were matched 1:4 with control participants for age, sex, and comorbidities. Separate odds ratios (OR) were calculated for DED and each of statin and fibrate use.ResultsStatin users had significantly higher odds of DED (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.16, p < 0.0001) than nonusers. Fibrate users did not show higher odds of DED than nonusers (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.99–1.10, p = 0.125). The lipophilic statin users did not show higher odds of DED compared with the hydrophilic statin users (adjusted OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.93–1.06, p = 0.729). Among statin users, the odds of DED did not differ significantly between patients receiving statin therapy for >180 days vs. ≤90 days or patients receiving statin therapy for 91–180 days vs. ≤90 days (adjusted OR = 1.00, p = 0.922; adjusted OR = 0.94, p = 0.541, respectively). The odds of DED were not statistically different among patients receiving low‐intensity, moderate‐intensity, and high‐intensity of statin therapy.ConclusionsPatients receiving statin therapy had a higher DED risk than patients not receiving statin therapy. The type of statin, the duration, and the intensity of statin use were not significantly associated with DED risks. Further studies are required to identify the relevant factors related to DED risks with statin.
Meaningful work and unethical work: The crisis in Australian financial advice
Authors: West Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecurrent scandals in business ethics demonstrate that work is, on occasion, unambiguously unethical. It is not clear, however, exactly how the concept of ‘meaningful work’ can be applied to such work, and whether, for example, work can be both unethical and meaningful. This article explores three different conceptualisations of meaningful work: where meaningful work is considered to be subjective, primarily subjective but with objective constraints or primarily objective (adopting Alasdair MacIntyre's neo‐Aristotelian framework). These competing conceptualisations are examined in relation to the ethical failures in the Australian financial advice industry. From 2009, a range of parliamentary inquiries, including a Royal Commission, documented significant ethical failures at both individual and institutional levels across the industry, which caused substantial hardship to tens of thousands of clients. Among the subsequent reforms was a drive towards the professionalisation of financial advice through enhanced educational standards, a code of ethics and the development of a professional identity. This case demonstrates the different ways in which the conceptualisations of meaningful work can be applied. However, Alasdair MacIntyre's scheme of practices, institutions, internal and external goods is presented as a preferred conceptualisation of the case, accommodating considerations of both ethics and meaningful work and contributing towards a theory of good work in general.
Burden of COVID‐19 disease and vaccine coverages in Apulian splenectomized patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Stefanizzi Pasquale , Rizzi Donato , Signorile Noemi , Cuscianna Eustachio , Daleno Antonio , Migliore Giovanni , Tafuri Silvio 
Published: March 2023

SummarySplenectomy/asplenia is a condition associated with immune‐compromission and specific vaccines are recommended for these patients, including the anti‐COVID‐19 vaccine. Among the high‐risk group for which vaccination was prioritized in Italy, the immunocompromised patients after therapies or treatments were included. The Apulian regional archive of hospital discharge forms was used to define the list of splenectomized Apulian inhabitants, considering data from 2015 through 2020. The overall vaccination status of asplenic patients was assessed via data collected from the Regional Immunization Database. The history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the infectious disease outcomes were extracted from the Italian Institute of Health platform “Integrated surveillance of COVID‐19 cases in Italy”. 1219 Apulian splenectomized inhabitants were included; the incidence rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 15.0 per 100 persons‐year with a proportion of re‐infection equal to 6.4%; the proportion of hospitalization was 2.9%, with a case‐fatality rate of 2.6%. The vaccine coverage (VC) for the anti‐COVID‐19 vaccine basal routine was 64.2%, for the first booster dose was 15.4%, and for the second booster dose was 0.6%. A multifactorial approach is needed to increase the vaccination uptake in this sub‐group population and to increase the awareness of the asplenia‐related risks to patients and health personnel.
Osteogenic markers in peri‐implant crevicular fluid in immediate and delayed‐loaded dental implants: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rastogi Simran , Rani Komal , Sharma Vaibhav , Bharti Prahalad Singh , Deo Krishna , Jain Veena , Nanda Aditi , Kumar Saroj , Koli Dheeraj Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe study evaluates the levels of matrix metalloprotease‐8 (MMP‐8), and Cathepsin‐K (CatK) in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) among patients with immediate loaded (IL) and delayed‐loaded (DL) implants at different time points to know the inflammation and osteogenic status.MethodsThe study population consisted of two groups (n = 25, each group) with a mean age of 28.7 ± 3.5 years, and PICF was collected. MMP‐8 and CatK levels were quantified through ELISA.ResultsWe observed the concentrations of inflammatory markers (MMP‐8 and CatK) at three time points in the IL and DL groups. The mean concentration of MMP‐8 in the IL group was 9468 ± 1230 pg/mL, 5547 ± 1088 pg/mL, and 7248 ± 1396 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months, respectively; while in the DL group was 10 816 ± 779.7 pg/mL, 9531 ± 1245 pg/mL, and 9132 ± 1265 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 and 12 months, respectively. The mean concentration of Cat‐K in the IL group was observed at 422.1 ± 36.46 pg/mL, 242.9 ± 25.87 pg/mL, and 469 ± 75.38 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3, and 12 months, whereas in the DL group was 654.6 ± 152.9 pg/mL, 314.7 ± 28.29 pg/mL, and 539.8 ± 115.1 pg/mL at 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, the levels of CatK and MMP‐8 levels decline at 12 months in both groups, and the IL group shows lower values compared to the DL group; however, no significant changes were observed after analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p > 0.025). Therefore, there is not much difference observed in the inflammation process between immediate and delayed loading. (Clinical trial identifier: CTRI/2017/09/009668).
Functional and structural alterations of dorsal attention network in preclinical and early‐stage Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wu Huimin , Song Yu , Yang Xinyi , Chen Shanshan , Ge Honglin , Yan Zheng , Qi Wenzhang , Yuan Qianqian , Liang Xuhong , Lin Xingjian , Chen Jiu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are known as the preclinical and early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dorsal attention network (DAN) is mainly responsible for the “top‐down” attention process. However, previous studies mainly focused on single functional modality and limited structure. This study aimed to investigate the multimodal alterations of DAN in SCD and aMCI to assess their diagnostic value in preclinical and early‐stage AD.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out to measure the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC). Structural MRI was used to calculate the gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness. Moreover, receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to distinguish these alterations in SCD and aMCI.ResultsThe SCD and aMCI groups showed both decreased ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and decreased GMV compared to healthy controls (HCs). Especially in the SCD group, there were increased fALFF and increased ReHo in the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), decreased fALFF and increased FC in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and reduced cortical thickness in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Furthermore, functional and structural alterations in the SCD and aMCI groups were closely related to episodic memory (EM), executive function (EF), and information processing speed (IPS). The combination of multiple indicators of DAN had a high accuracy in differentiating clinical stages.ConclusionsOur current study demonstrated functional and structural alterations of DAN in SCD and aMCI, especially in the MTG, IPL, and SPL. Furthermore, cognitive performance was closely related to these significant alterations. Our study further suggested that the combined multiple indicators of DAN could be acted as the latent neuroimaging markers of preclinical and early‐stage AD for their high diagnostic value.
Speech and gait abnormalities in motor subtypes of de‐novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rusz Jan , Krupička Radim , Vítečková Slávka , Tykalová Tereza , Novotný Michal , Novák Jan , Dušek Petr , Růžička Evžen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the presence and relationship of temporal speech and gait parameters in patients with postural instability/gait disorder (PIGD) and tremor‐dominant (TD) motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsSpeech samples and instrumented walkway system assessments were acquired from a total of 60 de‐novo PD patients (40 in TD and 20 in PIGD subtype) and 40 matched healthy controls. Objective acoustic vocal assessment of seven distinct speech timing dimensions was related to instrumental gait measures including velocity, cadence, and stride length.ResultsCompared to controls, PIGD subtype showed greater consonant timing abnormalities by prolonged voice onset time (VOT) while also shorter stride length during both normal walking and dual task, while decreased velocity and cadence only during dual task. Speaking rate was faster in PIGD than TD subtype. In PIGD subtype, prolonged VOT correlated with slower gait velocity (r = −0.56, p = 0.01) and shorter stride length (r = −0.59, p = 0.008) during normal walking, whereas relationships were also found between decreased cadence in dual task and irregular alternating motion rates (r = −0.48, p = 0.04) and prolonged pauses (r = −0.50, p = 0.03). No correlation between speech and gait was detected in TD subtype.ConclusionOur findings suggest that speech and gait rhythm disorder share similar underlying pathomechanisms specific for PIGD subtype.
Effect of antiplatelet therapy on the incidence, prognosis, and rebleeding of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Li Yunjie , Liu Xia , Chen Shiling , Wang Jingyi , Pan Chao , Li Gaigai , Tang Zhouping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAntiplatelet medications are increasingly being used for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic attacks owing to the increasing prevalence of ischemic stroke occurrences. Currently, many patients receive antiplatelet therapy (APT) to prevent thromboembolic events. However, long‐term use of APT might also lead to an increased occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and affect the prognosis of patients with ICH. Furthermore, some research suggest that restarting APT for patients who have previously experienced ICH may result in rebleeding events. The precise relationship between APT and ICH remains unknown.MethodsWe searched PubMed for the most recent related literature and summarized the findings from various studies. The search terms included “antiplatelet,” “intracerebral hemorrhage,” “cerebral microbleeds,” “hematoma expansion,” “recurrent,” and “reinitiate.” Clinical studies involving human subjects were ultimately included and interpreted in this review, and animal studies were not discussed.ResultsWhen individuals are administered APT, the risk of thrombotic events should be weighted against the risk of bleeding. In general, for some patients’ concomitant with risk factors of thrombotic events, the advantages of antiplatelet medication may outweigh the inherent risk of rebleeding. However, the use of antiplatelet medications for other patients with a higher risk of bleeding should be carefully evaluated and closely monitored. In the future, a quantifiable system for assessing thrombotic risk and bleeding risk will be necessary. After evaluation, the appropriate time to restart APT for ICH patients should be determined to prevent underlying ischemic stroke events. According to the present study results and expert experience, most patients now restart APT at around 1 week following the onset of ICH. Nevertheless, the precise time to restart APT should be chosen on a case‐by‐case basis as per the patient's risk of embolic events and recurrent bleeding. More compelling evidence‐based medicine evidence is needed in the future.ConclusionThis review thoroughly discusses the relationship between APT and the development of ICH, the impact of APT on the course and prognosis of ICH patients, and the factors influencing the decision to restart APT after ICH. However, different studies' conclusions are inconsistent due to the differences in quality control. To support future clinical decisions, more large‐scale randomized controlled trials are required.
European Habitats Directive has fostered monitoring but not prevented species declines
Authors: Engelhardt Eva Katharina , Bowler Diana E. , Hof Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStrong biodiversity declines have been reported across the European Union, especially in insects, despite conservation policy such as the Habitats Directive that aims to halt biodiversity loss. Using 50 years of observational data, we examined indicators for the goals of the Directive in terms of improving monitoring efforts and occupancy trends of butterfly and dragonfly annex species in a central European region. We quantified annual monitoring effort and used occupancy‐detection models to compare species trends for 18 years before and after legal implementation of the Directive. Monitoring efforts increased after implementation, while occupancy trends both improved and deteriorated. Contrary to its main goal, the European Habitats Directive did not prevent a worsening of all annex species’ occupancy trends in the studied region. While the increased monitoring efforts aid biodiversity assessments, more serious broad‐scale conservation measures are needed to halt biodiversity loss across Europe.