bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Boy’s Return Home
Authors: Sanabria Nicolas J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes my work as a transgender music therapist, acknowledging how self-authenticity and self-expression can harness the innate musical qualities of the therapeutic process. Through the individual case study of Chris, a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sensory processing disorder (SPD), I describe our therapeutic relationship and the musical freedoms that were nurtured between us. This chapter is a shared collective of our roles as client and therapist and how I learned to integrate and utilize the parts of myself that were directly related to Chris. The four phases of the therapeutic process: (i) internal dissonance, (ii) resurrection of the buried boy, (iii) integration of self, and (iv) musical play, acted as a precursor for Chris’s social transition. These phases solidified our musical relationship and were foundational in the evolution of Chris’s self and myself, where a merging of multiple facets were combined to create a musically authentic therapeutic process.
Child Protection Systems in Spain
Authors: Segado Sagrario 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the child protection systems in Spain. It cites the range of international, national, and regional legislations impacting the Spanish child protection system. The social protection system for minors aims to protect the rights of children and adolescents, guarantee their well-being, families, safe environment, and belonging. Regardless of the parties involved, the measures will be catered to the minor’s best interests. The chapter notes how there is still a long way to go in addressing the violence against minors, unaccompanied foreign minors and child poverty, despite Spain being family-oriented. It notes the models of support intervention in child protection such as theories of attachment, child needs, ecological-systematic model, empowerment and protection factors.
Child Protection in Portugal
Authors: Ferreira Jorge 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into child protection in Portugal. The state has been called upon to address the field of childhood through policies and education guided by the principles of equality, opportunity, citizenship, responsibility, participation, multicultural and local intervention. The Portuguese child protection and welfare system fits the Southern European model, which is characterized by mixed social protection, cash transfers, and universal health services, and is based on the role of the social partners in income guarantee policies. The Children and Youth Protection Commission applies measures of keeping the kids in their natural living environment or enforcing placement measures if their conditions are not met.
Child Protection in Lithuania
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona , Snieškienė Dalija 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the child protection system in Lithuania. The development of a system of child protection coincides with the necessity to create a political and administrative apparatus for state administration. Additionally, large-scale residential childcare is a prominent form of guardianship of children deprived of parental care. Thus, the separation of siblings, isolation of disabled children, and delinquent children are widespread across the country. Changes in the institution of social work and child psychologists were influenced by the desire to create an independent child protection system in Lithuania and Lithuania’s ambition to join the EU. Child protection reform was enacted slowly following the ratification of the UNCRC.
Reforming Russia’s Child Protection System
Authors: Kulmala Meri , Jäppinen Maija , Chernova Zhanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explicates the reformation of Russia’s child protection system to family care from residential care. The Russian child protection system had been criticized for its inability to support families at risk. The rise of poverty, alcohol, drug abuse, and unemployment were the dramatic indicators of the fall of the socialist regime, which sparked a wide liberalization of the welfare state. Moreover, the Russian support system is regulated by federal and regional legislation. Thus, the current reform is based on the idea of every kid’s right to grow up in a family, even if it is a family-based form of alternative care. Russia’s child protection paradigm is shifting towards a combination of child-focused and family supports, at least on a policy level.
Child Protection in Egypt
Authors: Olimat Hmoud S. , ElGamal Amal A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter notes child protection in Egypt. The population in urban areas continued to grow steadily over the years. Egypt also recorded a spike in inflation due to domestic inflation, fuel subsidy cuts, and value-added tax. The legal framework of Egypt’s child protection system sparked policy and institutional changes which included policies, strategies, and programs focused on child protection. The government has committed great efforts in battling child labor by adopting relevant UN conventions and international instruments. Moreover, the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood has the highest authority to implement children’s and mothers’ rights whilst being simultaneously being responsible for the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of social protection policies. This chapter notes child protection in Egypt. The population in urban areas continued to grow steadily over the years. Egypt also recorded a spike in inflation due to domestic inflation, fuel subsidy cuts, and value-added tax. The legal framework of Egypt’s child protection system sparked policy and institutional changes which included policies, strategies, and programs focused on child protection. The government has committed great efforts in battling child labor by adopting relevant UN conventions and international instruments. Moreover, the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood has the highest authority to implement children’s and mothers’ rights whilst being simultaneously being responsible for the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of social protection policies.
Child Protection and Welfare on the Island of Ireland
Authors: Burns Kenneth , Devaney John , Holt Stephanie , Marshall Gerry 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the issues and global relevance of child protection and welfare in Ireland. It expounds on the evolving political context on the Island of Ireland being the reason behind the nation having two different and independent child protection systems. The chapter also focuses on the impact of Brexit, technologies, and migration while highlighting the importance of neighbouring jurisdictions working together. Technology and social media platforms have also enabled social workers to communicate, monitor, and analyze data on adults who might be a risk to children. On the other hand, migrants are at an increased risk of poverty and social exclusion as children from ethnic minority groups are over-represented in the Irish childcare system.
The Social Construction and Development of an Integrated Child Protection System
Authors: Dinata Erna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the social construction and development of an integrated child protection system in Indonesia as the country continues to reconstruct its identity as a nation and renegotiate its structural and institutional boundaries through social-cultural, political, and economic changes. While progress has been made in realizing the critical role of intermediary structures and intersectoral coordination in the decentralized governance of social service provisions, Indonesia continues to front the challenges of having millions of children living in poverty and the risk of child labor, trafficking, and early marriage. Despite the decline in the national poverty rate, levels of income and gender inequality are soaring, and the poverty rate reduction is slowing. The chapter identifies key challenges in building critical public discourse about child abuse and neglect, translating, and implementing the laws, policies, and strategies in protecting children and their families.
Child Protection Systems in Brazil
Authors: Monique Carlos Diene , de Souza Aragão Ailton , Mendes de Souza Teixeira Roque Eliana , Pereira da Silva Lygia Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explicates the child protection systems in Brazil. Brazilian children and adolescents living in extreme poverty have the highest percentage among all age groups. Important advances have been made in Brazilian legislation regarding the social protection of children and adolescents. The organizational structure of services in this area is also coherent and thoughtfully designed. How these policies and structures are conducted in practice, however, still presents challenges. A care network between child protection services and other sectors may be an appropriate mechanism to face these challenges, with intersectoral and interprofessional articulation to protect children, adolescents, and their families.
The Chilean Child Protection System
Authors: Muñoz-Guzman Carolina , Cillero Bruñol Miguel , Bernasconi Mariana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the child protection system in Chile. Social services have been shifting since the return of civilian rule in 1990 and the ratification of the UNCRC. Children are more affected by the geography of poverty than the rest of the Chilean population. Overall, the Chilean population benefited from modernization, but good policy design ideas and successful implementation would improve the living conditions of the population. Additionally, the state defines children as objects of intervention and state responsibility will only be invoked in the presence of social risks. The chapter also highlights the work and models enforced by the National Service for Minors (SENAME).
The Child Protection System in Uruguay
Authors: del Luján González Tornaría María , Miller Delfina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter notes the child protection system in Uruguay. The social allocations are presented with social, political, and legal landscapes while specifying the conception of violence and maltreatment of minors. The Comprehensive System for the Protection of Children and Adolescents against Violence aims to deal with the problem of violence against boys, girls and adolescents. Additionally, SIPIAV is regulated by the Uruguayan Institute for Children and Adolescents of Uruguay. The definitions of maltreatment and violence in Uruguay are adopted from the World Health Organization. SIPIAV’s principles range from the prevention of revictimization to the acknowledgement of the BGA who are witnesses of gender violence.
The Child Protection Systems in Denmark and Norway
Authors: Hestbæk Anne-Dorthe , Skivenes Marit , Falch-Eriksen Asgeir , Leth Svendsen Idamarie , Backe-Hansen Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on Denmark and Norway’s child protection systems being developed parallel to the development of the social democratic welfare state. Both countries’ child protection systems have family-service-oriented systems that are centered around children’s rights and needs. In line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, European Council and Court of Human Rights, the basic principle of child protection systems consists of birth parents raising children or state intervention if risks are apparent. Out-of-home care will be taken if in-home services are inappropriate. Additionally, Denmark and Norway’s assessment of children’s welfare range between material well-being, health, safety, education, behaviour, risks, housing, and environment.
Child Protection and Welfare in Germany
Authors: Biesel Kay , Kindler Heinz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines Germany’s child protection and welfare systems. Data on the prevalence of different types of Germanic child maltreatment are not well integrated into the international literature. Child and youth welfare offices are key institutions in enforcing child protection which is a communal task. Moreover, the health system plays a key role in some child protection cases, especially if child maltreatment is found by health professionals. Security, criminal prosecution, and victim support are the three primary responsibilities of police handling child endangerment. On the other hand, school laws require schools to cooperate with child and youth welfare offices to enact child protection measures.
The Austrian Child Welfare System
Authors: Križ Katrin , Krutzinna Jenny , Pantuček-Eisenbacher Peter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the shift to professionalization and participation of the child welfare system in Austria. It clarifies how Austrian states have lesser autonomy compared to Germany or the USA. Child welfare is ultimately under the responsibility of Austrian states. Child welfare services (CWS) have a legal obligation to intervene when a child’s well-being is at risk under the purview of the provincial states, while the wider preventive CWS is under the care of local communities. Additionally, national laws have been drafted and interpreted in accordance with the principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Cult Behaviors
Authors: Weinstock Jeffrey Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The cult science fiction (sf) film is one that, in various ways, is excessive in relation to common understandings of the genre. It is typically weirder, stranger, quirkier, and/or of lesser quality than other sf films. This chapter defines that difference and focuses specifically on a cult subcategory—the quirky dystopian film. With particular attention to Terry Gilliam’s Brazil, Alex Cox’s Repo Man, Yorgos Lanthimos’s The Lobster, and Boots Riley’s Sorry to Bother You, the chapter explores how these black comedies use absurdity to offset the bleakness of their dystopian settings and to amplify their critiques of contemporary life. Their particular quirkiness becomes a marker of and for their cult audience who find in this character a reflection of themselves and their desire for individuality.
Kaiju Film
Authors: Schauer Bradley 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Kaiju film, or giant monster rampage movie, has proven to be a durable and increasingly popular form of science fiction, particularly since the Cold War era. Its metaphorical potency and flexibility have given it a cross-cultural reach. In addition, recent advances in special effects technology, coupled with the film industry’s emphasis on developing and exploiting franchises, have brought the kaiju film to a high level of popularity and attracted mainstream audiences, as films like Gareth Edwards’ remake Godzilla (2014), the dark comedy Colossal (2016), and the monster pairing Godzilla vs. Kong (2020) illustrate.
Fine-tuning the Dravidian Left Periphery
Authors: Balusu Rahul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that none of the three left-peripheral morphemes that have been considered complementisers in Telugu and other Dravidian languages (Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil) are typical complementisers. The linearly first left-peripheral morpheme -aa has the signature properties of a polar question particle. The second left-peripheral morpheme -oo delimits the scope of questions in Telugu. This is attributed to its location in the Spec of CP, where it is base-generated, and to its semantics, which is essential for interrogative semantics. The third left-peripheral morpheme, the quotative complementiser ani and its cognates, is analysed as syntactically and semantically true to its source, a verbum dicendi, the verb say. Its complementiser-like nature arises due to its being merged into the matrix clausal spine at various levels, without always extending its projection.
Social Processes in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Zetterqvist Maria , Bjureberg Johan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Social interactions are critical for the health and well-being of all group-living primates, including humans, across the lifespan. Social stressors, such as perceived criticism and rejection, are common triggers of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Social processes may thus have a central role in the etiology and maintenance of NSSI. Using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for systems for social processes, the chapter presents recent findings on NSSI, mapping them onto the four constructs: affiliation and attachment, social communication, perception and understanding of self, and perception and understanding of others. The chapter also discusses available research related to NSSI for the respective units of analysis (genes and molecules, physiology, neurocircuitry, behavior, and self-report), focusing on the effects of social exclusion, rejection sensitivity, and negative social bias. The chapter also includes an overview of overlapping features related to social exclusion and rejection sensitivity between NSSI and borderline personality disorder, a condition characterized by interpersonal difficulties. This chapter provides an account of evidence-based assessment and intervention areas of social processes in NSSI together with recommendations and future directions. The chapter concludes that social processes are relevant to NSSI across the RDoC constructs and units of analyses. Social difficulties, social problem-solving, and experiences and interpretations of social situations need to be included in the conceptualization of how NSSI is developed and maintained and ultimately assessed and treated. In an effort to bring such conceptualization to life, a case example illustrates how an understanding of social processes may guide assessment and treatment of NSSI.
Autonomic Nervous System Function in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury—A Research Domain Criteria Perspective on the Arousal/Regulatory Systems
Authors: Sigrist Christine , Kaess Michael , Koenig Julian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) from the perspective of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Based on the RDoC framework, the ANS, as a major stress-regulatory system in humans, is primarily considered to be implicated in the domain of arousal/regulatory systems, while it shows associations also to other domains. Drawing on recent theoretical models providing a framework for understanding the neurobiology of NSSI, it is suggested that NSSI may result from failures in physiological and socioemotional stress regulation. In the present chapter, after introducing ANS function under the RDoC framework and outlining a potential rationale for an involvement of the ANS in NSSI, central mechanisms and concepts will be presented that help to understand how ANS function in NSSI is typically considered in the context of psychophysiological research studies. Further, an overview of indices that are frequently derived in the lab to quantify ANS function is provided. The chapter then reviews existing research studies where the respective indices have been measured to study the involvement of ANS function in NSSI from different temporal angles (i.e., ANS function under resting state, in response to stress, as well as considering its diurnal rhythmicity). On the basis of the evidence reviewed, the chapter discusses the current state of the research field and concludes with a short summary and outlook highlighting avenues for future NSSI research.
Lived Experience Perspectives on Self-Injury
Authors: Hasking Penelope , Kenny Therese E. , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although there have been many important gains in our understanding of self-injury over the past couple of decades, the majority of this research has emerged from the perspective of clinicians and researchers, overlooking the important insights provided by individuals who have lived experience of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). To date, research has typically asked participants about their experiences rather than involving them as active participants in the research. While this has yielded a better understanding of NSSI, recovery, disclosure, and stigma, giving individuals with lived NSSI experience a more active role in research may inform what and how we study NSSI and may also benefit participants themselves (e.g., by fostering greater insight or feelings of contribution). There is a moral imperative to involve individuals with lived experience at all stages of research, as well as in clinical care and advocacy settings. In doing so, this chapter acknowledges the ethical challenges that may emerge, primarily protection of vulnerable persons and peoples and inclusion/representation of diverse experiences. These challenges, however, should not be a barrier to centering lived experience perspectives but, rather, should be acknowledged in order to improve the quality of NSSI research, treatment approaches, and advocacy initiatives.
Understanding and Treating Atypical, Severe Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Walsh Barent W. , Doerfler Leonard , Van Hove Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on an outlier in the field of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): atypical, severe NSSI. The definition consists of three types of behavior: (a) NSSI requiring medical attention such as sutures, staples, glue, bandages; (b) NSSI to unusual body areas: face, eyes, breasts, genitals, and anus; and (c) foreign body ingestion. Although at first look, these behaviors may not appear to have a great deal in common, they share several features. This chapter contends that atypical, severe NSSI may be a distinct, clinically important category. A study reviewed in this chapter examined whether atypical, severe NSSI was related to other self-destructive and self-defeating behaviors in a sample of 467 male and female adults living in intensive community-based group homes or supported housing programs. Analysis using general linear models showed that clients with a lifetime history of atypical, severe NSSI had a significantly higher number of risk indicators than clients without a lifetime history of atypical, severe NSSI. More important, clients with a history of atypical, severe NSSI also had significantly more risk indicators than clients with a history of common NSSI only. The study also found that individuals with a history of atypical, severe NSSI demonstrated more severe psychopathology than clients with common NSSI only. Based on these findings, it may be clinically useful to consider individuals with an atypical, severe NSSI history to be a high-risk subgroup. The chapter concludes with a description of the psychological functions of atypical, severe NSSI, treatment recommendations, two client examples, and suggestions for future research.
Rules IN Historical Political Economy
Authors: Wallis John Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter develops a better understanding of the different kinds of rules that organizations use to better govern relationships, both within and between organizations (including governments). Creating and enforcing rules are essential functions of government. Understanding what rules are and how they work, therefore, is a critical element in historical political economy. Yet none of the institutional literatures have fully developed ideas about rules. In particular, there is little understanding of how rules that are enforced, but not followed—called here “default rules”—work and how they interact with impersonal rules that treat everyone the same. The concepts are developed, examples are given, and the conclusion discusses the role of rules in the last two centuries of political economy.