bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and risk factors of instrumentation failure following total en bloc spondylectomy
Authors: Shimizu Takaki , Kato Satoshi , Demura Satoru , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Kurokawa Yuki , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Murakami Hideki , Kawahara Norio , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of instrumentation failure (IF) after total en bloc spondylectomy (TES), and to analyze risk factors for IF. Methods The medical records from 136 patients (65 male, 71 female) with a mean age of 52.7 years (14 to 80) who underwent TES were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 101 months (36 to 232). Analyzed factors included incidence of IF, age, sex, BMI, history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, tumour histology (primary or metastasis; benign or malignant), surgical approach (posterior or combined), tumour location (thoracic or lumbar; junctional or non-junctional), number of resected vertebrae (single or multilevel), anterior resection line (disc-to-disc or intravertebra), type of bone graft (autograft or frozen autograft), cage subsidence (CS), and local alignment (LA). A survival analysis of the instrumentation was performed, and relationships between IF and other factors were investigated using the Cox regression model. Results A total of 44 patients (32.4%) developed IF at a median of 31 months (interquartile range 23 to 74) following TES. Most IFs were rod fractures preceded by a mean CS of 6.1 mm (2 to 18) and LA kyphotic enhancement of 10.8° (-1 to 36). IF-free survival rates were 75.8% at five years and 56.9% at ten years. The interval from TES to IF peaked at two to three years postoperatively and continued to occur over a period of time thereafter; the early IF-developing group had greater CS at one month postoperatively (CS1M) and more lumbar TES. CS1M ≥ 3 mm and sole use of frozen autografts were identified as independent risk factors for IF. Conclusion IF is a common complication following TES. We have demonstrated that robust spinal reconstruction preventing CS, and high-quality bone grafting are necessary for successful reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):172–179.
The management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children aged under three months
Authors: Aarvold Alexander , Perry Daniel C. , Mavrotas Jason , Theologis Tim , Katchburian Marcos ,   on behalf of the BSCOS DDH Consensus Group
Published: February 2023

Aims A national screening programme has existed in the UK for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) since 1969. However, every aspect of screening and treatment remains controversial. Screening programmes throughout the world vary enormously, and in the UK there is significant variation in screening practice and treatment pathways. We report the results of an attempt by the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) to identify a nationwide consensus for the management of DDH in order to unify treatment and suggest an approach for screening. Methods A Delphi consensus study was performed among the membership of BSCOS. Statements were generated by a steering group regarding aspects of the management of DDH in children aged under three months, namely screening and surveillance (15 questions), the technique of ultrasound scanning (eight questions), the initiation of treatment (19 questions), care during treatment with a splint (ten questions), and on quality, governance, and research (eight questions). A two-round Delphi process was used and a consensus document was produced at the final meeting of the steering group. Results A total of 60 statements were graded by 128 clinicians in the first round and 132 in the second round. Consensus was reached on 30 out of 60 statements in the first round and an additional 12 in the seond. This was summarized in a consensus statement and distilled into a flowchart to guide clinical practice. Conclusion We identified agreement in an area of medicine that has a long history of controversy and varied practice. None of the areas of consensus are based on high-quality evidence. This document is thus a framework to guide clinical practice and on which high-quality clinical trials can be developed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):209–214.
Universal screening may reduce the incidence of late diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Cheok Tim , Smith Thomas , Wills Kenneth , Jennings Matthew P. , Rawat Jaideep , Foster Bruce 
Published: February 2023

Aims We investigated the prevalence of late developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), abduction bracing treatment, and surgical procedures performed following the implementation of universal ultrasound screening versus selective ultrasound screening programmes. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, OrthoSearch, and Web of Science from the date of inception of each database until 27 March 2022 was performed. The primary outcome of interest was the prevalence of late detection of DDH, diagnosed after three months. Secondary outcomes of interest were the prevalence of abduction bracing treatment and surgical procedures performed in childhood for dysplasia. Only studies describing the primary outcome of interest were included. Results A total of 31 studies were identified, of which 13 described universal screening and 20 described selective screening. Two studies described both. The prevalence of late DDH was 0.10 per 1,000 live births (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.39) in the universal screening group and 0.45 per 1,000 live births (95% CI 0.31 to 0.61) in the selective screening group. Abduction bracing treatment was performed on 55.54 per 1,000 live births (95% CI 24.46 to 98.15) in the universal screening group versus 0.48 per 1,000 live births (95% CI 0.07 to 1.13) in the selective screening group. Both the universal and selective screening groups had a similar prevalence of surgical procedures in childhood for dysplasia being performed (0.48 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.63) vs 0.49 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.71) per 1,000 live births, respectively). Conclusion Universal screening showed a trend towards lower prevalence of late DDH compared to selective screening. However, it was also associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of abduction bracing without a significant reduction in the prevalence of surgical procedures in childhood for dysplasia being performed. High-quality studies comparing both treatment methods are required, in addition to studies into the natural history of missed DDH. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):198–208.
Health-related quality of life in patients 40 years after diagnosis of an idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Ragborg Lærke C. , Dragsted Casper , Ohrt-Nissen Søren , Andersen Thomas , Gehrchen Martin , Dahl Benny 
Published: February 2023

Aims Only a few studies have investigated the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with an idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the overall HRQoL and employment status of patients with an idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis, to compare it with that of the normal population, and to identify possible predictors for a better long-term HRQoL. Methods We reviewed the full medical records and radiological reports of patients referred to our hospital with a scoliosis of childhood between April 1972 and April 1982. Of 129 eligible patients with a juvenile or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 91 took part in the study (71%). They were evaluated with full-spine radiographs and HRQoL questionnaires and compared with normative data. We compared the HRQoL between observation (n = 27), bracing (n = 46), and surgical treatment (n = 18), and between thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves. Results The mean time to follow-up was 40.8 years (SD 2.6) and the mean age of patients was 54.0 years (SD 2.7). Of the 91 patients, 86 were female (95%) and 51 had a main thoracic curve (53%). We found a significantly lower HRQoL measured on all the Scoliosis Research Society 22r instrument (SRS-22r) subdomains (p < 0.001) with the exception of mental health, than in an age-matched normal population. Incapacity to work was more prevalent in scoliosis patients (21%) than in the normal population (11%). The median SRS-22r subscore was 4.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 3.3 to 4.4) for TL/L curves and 4.1 (IQR 3.8 to 4.4) for thoracic curves (p = 0.300). We found a significantly lower self-image score for braced (median 3.6 (IQR 3.0 to 4.0)) and surgically treated patients (median 3.6 (IQR 3.2 to 4.3)) than for those treated by observation (median 4.0 (IQR 4.1 to 4.8); p = 0.010), but no statistically significant differences were found for the remaining subdomains. Conclusion In this long-term follow-up study, we found a significantly decreased HRQoL and capacity to work in patients with an idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):166–171.
Periprosthetic hip infection in octogenarians
Authors: Karczewski Daniel , Schönnagel Lukas , Hipfl Christian , Akgün Doruk , Hardt Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Aims Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty in the elderly may occur but has been subject to limited investigation. This study analyzed infection characteristics, surgical outcomes, and perioperative complications of octogenarians undergoing treatment for PJI in a single university-based institution. Methods We identified 33 patients who underwent treatment for PJIs of the hip between January 2010 and December 2019 using our institutional joint registry. Mean age was 82 years (80 to 90), with 19 females (57%) and a mean BMI of 26 kg/m2 (17 to 41). Mean American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was 3 (1 to 4) and mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 6 (4 to 10). Leading pathogens included coagulase-negative Staphylococci (45%) and Enterococcus faecalis (9%). Two-stage exchange was performed in 30 joints and permanent resection arthroplasty in three. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses were performed. Mean follow-up was five years (3 to 7). Results The two-year survivorship free of any recurrent PJI was 72% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56 to 89; 18 patients at risk). There were a total of nine recurrent PJIs at a mean of one year (16 days to eight years), one for the same pathogen as at index infection. One additional surgical site infection was noted at two weeks, resulting in a 69% (95% CI 52 to 86; 17 patients at risk) survivorship free of any infection at two years. There were two additional revisions for dislocations at one month each. As such, the two-year survivorship free of any revision was 61% (95% CI 42 to 80; 12 patients at risk). In addition to the aforementioned revisions, there was one additional skin grafting for a decubitus ulcer, resulting in a survivorship free of any reoperation of 54% (95% CI 35 to 73; ten patients at risk) at two years. Mean Clavien-Dindo score of perioperative complications was two out of five, with one case of perioperative death noted at six days. Conclusion Octogenarians undergoing surgery for PJI of the hip are at low risk of acute mortality, but are at moderate risk of other perioperative complications. One in two patients will undergo a reoperation within two years, with 70% attributable to recurrent infections. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):135–139.
Compatible bedfellows? Engaged scholarship entrepreneurship and policy impact
Authors: Trehan Kiran 
Published: February 2023

Background:This comment piece responds to points raised by Steve Johnson in ‘The policy impact of entrepreneurship research: challenging received wisdom’ (Evidence & Policy, Early view, https://doi.org/10.1332/174426422X16596963542147).
Aims and objectives:The practical purpose of this commentary is to illustrate and discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship research, implementation, and policy impact.
Commentary:The commentary offers insights into how researchers can make a difference to policy learning through engaged scholarship. Three contributions to knowledge on entrepreneurship research and policy learning are presented.
Findings:First, the commentary develops the connection between engaged scholarship, entrepreneurship research and policy learning by highlighting the dynamics that underpin and sustain engaged scholarship. Second, entrepreneurship research and policy impact are brought into contact with engaged scholarship to develop practical relevance. Third, I illuminate the paradox between the theory and practise of policy integration.
Discussion and conclusions:Building on the ideas presented by Steve Johnson in his paper, ‘The policy impact of entrepreneurship research: challenging received wisdom’, I address the gap between conceptualisation of entrepreneurship and the dynamics of implementation and policy learning, which all too often remains implicit within extant studies in entrepreneurship research.
Evaluation of the Sagnac-loop laser frequency stabilization to sub-Doppler spectral lines
Authors: Hasegawa Taro 
Published: February 2023

Laser frequency stability locked to D2 transition of 85Rb at 780 nm by the Sagnac-loop stabilization scheme was evaluated using the heterodyne measurement with an optical frequency comb. This scheme does not require modulation and magnetic field to generate the feedback error signal. Therefore, the setup for the laser frequency stabilization is simple. Because of the mechanical stability of the Sagnac interferometer, the dispersion of atom transition, which is used as an error signal for feedback loop, can be observed with negligibly small effects of mechanical fluctuations. In the experiment, the Allan variance for relative frequency uncertainty was 2.6×10−12 over 64 s averaging.
Longitudinal study on MRI and neuropathological findings: Neither DSC-perfusion derived rCBVmax nor vessel densities correlate between newly diagnosed and progressive glioblastoma
Authors: Steidl Eike , Filipski Katharina , Hattingen Elke , Steinbach Joachim P. , Maurer Gabriele D. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
When evaluating MRIs for glioblastoma progression, previous scans are usually included into the review. Nowadays dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-perfusion is an essential component in MR-diagnostics of gliomas, since the extent of hyperperfusion upon first diagnosis correlates with gene expression and survival. We aimed to investigate if this initial perfusion signature also characterizes the glioblastoma at time of progression. If so, DSC-perfusion data from the initial diagnosis could be of diagnostic benefit in follow-up assessments.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 65 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype glioblastoma who had received technically identical DSC-perfusion measurements at initial diagnosis and at time of first progression. We determined maximum relative cerebral blood volume values (rCBVmax) by standardized re-evaluation of the data including leakage correction. In addition, the corresponding tissue samples from 24 patients were examined histologically for the maximum vessel density within the tumor. Differences (paired t-test/ Wilcoxon matched pairs test) and correlations (Spearman) between the measurements at both timepoints were calculated.

Results
The rCBVmax was consistently lower at time of progression compared to rCBVmax at time of first diagnosis (p < .001). There was no correlation between the rCBVmax values at both timepoints (r = .12). These findings were reflected in the histological examination, with a lower vessel density in progressive glioblastoma (p = .01) and no correlation between the two timepoints (r = -.07).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the extent of hyperperfusion in glioblastoma at first diagnosis is not a sustaining tumor characteristic. Hence, the rCBVmax at initial diagnosis should be disregarded when reviewing MRIs for glioblastoma progression.
Adipokinesand Ghrelin Rolein Regulation of Ovarian Function in Obesity
Authors: Abdusalamova A. I. , Bettikher O. A. , Rudenko K. A. , Belyaeva O. A. , Neimark A. E. , Zazerskaya I. E. 
Published: February 2023

There is a great worldwide trend in the incidence of obesity, which is increasing with each passing year among all populations, including women of reproductive age. Given the impressive list of diseases associated with obesity, as well as the negative inverse correlation of the severity of obesity with fertility, this problem is global not only in the social sphere, but it also becomes demographically significant.Along with other pathogenetic mechanisms leading to persistent anovulation, an imbalance in adipokine production by adipose tissue can also serve as one of the important links in the development of reproductive dysfunction. Despite apparent interest in this topic, a large number of previously discovered adipokines are still not studied. Among adipokines, the effects of adiponectin and leptin on reproductive function are best known. Alterations in adiponectin and leptin levels can affect hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal signaling, folliculogenesis, oogenesis and steroidogenesis. In addition, leptin is involved in the initiation of puberty, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and changes the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cells. The leading causes of reduced fertility, infertility, and IVF failure in obese patients are mechanisms that promote the formation of chronic anovulation, delay the maturation of oocytes, reduce their quality, and/or lead to changes in endometrial susceptibility. These effects can be caused by an imbalance in the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin (leptin excess and adiponectin deficiency), lead to endometrial dysfunction, disruption of implantation and early embryogenesis. These changes, in turn, can affect just as the likelihood of spontaneous conception, so the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies and subsequent gestation.Thus, the study of potential pathogenetic pathways of fertility regulation in obesity, one of which is the subject of this review, is an important area for further study.
Satellite vibration effects on communication quality of OISN system
Authors: Madhag Aqeel , Dhaam Haidar Zaeer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver space optical communications are considered as the critical technology for high-bandwidth, high-speed, and large-capacity communications. Indeed, the laser wavelength’s narrow beam divergence requires a precise beam pointing at both ends of the optical link. The precise beam pointing makes the laser beam pointing to or from a moving object is one of the most challenging processes for optical space communications. In this work, the effect of the pointing error due to satellite platform vibration over the performance of the laser communication link of the optical inter satellite network (OISN) system in terms of the quality factor is investigated. Indeed, an optical communication system has been built using the OptiSystem program to simulate the link between satellites in space for the OISN system. In addition, the proposed system shows by simulation the optimal parameters’ values required for the design of the optical communication link between satellites of the OISN system. Moreover, the effect of pointing error due to the platform vibration on the performance of the OISN system is investigated for different scenarios of the pointing error (i.e., no pointing error; one side of the link with pointing error, and two sides of the link with pointing error). The simulation shows that, first, the optimal parameters that can be used for the optical communication link between satellites of the OISN system in terms of the laser wavelength; laser power; optical modulation scheme; optical telescope aperture diameter; and telescope optical efficiency. In addition, the simulation shows that existing pointing error due to vibration at one side of the optical link leads to degradation of the performance of the OISN system in terms of the quality factor for different laser beam power; distances between satellites; telescope diameters; and telescope efficiencies. Moreover, existing pointing errors at the two sides of the optical link lead to rapid degradation of the considered OISN system performance even with the increase of the laser power or telescope diameter, which tend to compensate for its effect initially and then quit.
Quotation does not need marks of quotation
Authors: De Brabanter Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo major types of quotation theories can be distinguished according to whether they regard marks of quotation as necessary (type-1) or not necessary (type-2) for quotation. I argue that taken at face value, the empirical evidence disqualifies type-1 theories. I then show that even if we accept that surface appearances can be deceptive – ‘unmarked’ quotations are simply not quotations, or absent marks are underlain by marks in hidden syntactic structure – type-1 theories still prove inadequate. By contrast, a particular form of type-2 theory,depiction theory, is consistent with the empirical evidence, proves compatible with syntactic analyses that posit a covert quotative operator, and is equipped to account for the grammatically deviant behavior of certain categories of quotations.
Fabrication of single color centers in sub-50 nm nanodiamonds using ion implantation
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Martin Zachariah O. , Titze Michael , Wang Yongqiang , Sychev Demid , Henshaw Jacob , Lagutchev Alexei S. , Htoon Han , Bielejec Edward S. , Bogdanov Simeon I. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Diamond color centers have been widely studied in the field of quantum optics. The negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV−) center exhibits a narrow emission linewidth at the wavelength of 738 nm, a high Debye–Waller factor, and unique spin properties, making it a promising emitter for quantum information technologies, biological imaging, and sensing. In particular, nanodiamond (ND)-based SiV− centers can be heterogeneously integrated with plasmonic and photonic nanostructures and serve as in vivo biomarkers and intracellular thermometers. Out of all methods to produce NDs with SiV− centers, ion implantation offers the unique potential to create controllable numbers of color centers in preselected individual NDs. However, the formation of single color centers in NDs with this technique has not been realized. We report the creation of single SiV− centers featuring stable high-purity single-photon emission through Si implantation into NDs with an average size of ∼20 nm. We observe room temperature emission, with zero-phonon line wavelengths in the range of 730–800 nm and linewidths below 10 nm. Our results offer new opportunities for the controlled production of group-IV diamond color centers with applications in quantum photonics, sensing, and biomedicine.
Thematic role mappings in metaphor variation: contrasting Englishbakeand Spanishhornear
Authors: Esbrí-Blasco Montserrat , Navarro i Ferrando Ignasi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates the scope of metaphors evoked by the culinary termbakein American English and its Peninsular Spanish equivalenthornear. The data analysed was extracted from theCorpus of Contemporary American Englishand theCorpus del Español: Web/Dialects. The target frames evoked and the frame elements involved in the metaphorical mappings were used to identify and analyse the metaphorical expressions. Furthermore, the type of process and thematic roles performed by the frame elements in the conceptual projections were examined to make divergences explicit. Our results suggest that metaphor diversity is broader in American English, as the source frame evoked bybakeexpresses metaphorically a larger number of target frames thanhornearin Peninsular Spanish. Consequently, these lexical items are not exact equivalents. Each language seems to place the experiential focus on different frame elements and thematic roles to create their metaphorical mappings, which points to differential cognitive preferences between both cultures.