bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban wild bees benefit from flower-rich anthropogenic land use depending on bee trait and scale
Authors: Weber Monika , Diekötter Tim , Dietzsch Anke C. , Erler Silvio , Greil Henri , Jütte Tobias , Krahner André , Pistorius Jens 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Context
Wild bees are important pollinators for wild and cultivated plants. Besides other causes, their decline has been linked to land-use change such as urbanisation. In contrast, urban habitats are discussed as potential wild bee refuges.

Objectives
To expand our understanding of cities as wild bee habitats, bee responses to urban land-use types with varying foraging and nesting resources were analysed.

Methods
Wild bees were sampled with pan traps at 49 study sites in a Central European city. Effects of land-use types on wild bees were examined at 12 scales ranging from 50 to 1500 m from sampling points. For analyses, bees were grouped according to their traits (e.g., size, nesting and pollen-collecting behaviour) to account for species-specific requirements.

Results
Land-use types significantly affected wild bees covering all investigated scales. Anthropogenically managed flower-rich habitats, i.e., long-term allotments and cemeteries, were beneficial for most wild bee groups within varying scales between 200 and 600 m. Impervious surface affected only some of the investigated wild bee groups, mostly in a unimodal manner within a 100 m scale.

Conclusions
This study shows that it is recommended for future investigations to take different scales and different bee traits into account when assessing urban habitat quality for bees. In particular, the non-linear response to impervious surface indicates positive edge effects between urban core and rural areas. Conservation measures and implementation management to support wild bees in urban areas should consider the results on scale and land use to meet species-specific demands effectively.
Rethinking advanced motherhood: a new ethical narrative
Authors: De Clercq Eva , Martani Andrea , Vulliemoz Nicolas , Elger Bernice S. , Wangmo Tenzin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study is to rethink the ethics of advanced motherhood. In the literature, delayed childbearing is usually discussed in the context of reproductive justice, and in relationship to ethical issues associated with the use and risk of assisted reproductive technologies. We aim to go beyond these more “traditional” ways in which reproductive ethics is framed by revisiting ethics itself through the lens of the figure of the so-called “older” mother. For this purpose, we start by exploring some of the deep seated socio-cultural discourses in the context of procreation: ageism, ableism and the widespread bias towards geneticism and pronatalism. Afterwards, we provide a critical overview of the key arguments against or in support of advanced motherhood. We then briefly discuss how entrenchment by both sides has produced an impasse in the debate on the ethics of advanced motherhood and proceed by arguing that it is fundamental to bring about a change in this narrative. For this purpose, we will revisit the feminist usage of the concept of vulnerability which will allow us both to criticize culturally prescribed norms about motherhood and to address the painful reality of age-related fertility decline. In the last section, we argue that instead of defining “older” motherhood as an ethical problem, we should problematize the fact that female reproductive ageing is an understudied and ill-sourced topic. We believe that allocating resources to research to better understand female reproductive ageing is not only ethically permissible, but might even be ethically desirable.
Public transport crowding valuation in a post-pandemic era
Authors: Yap Menno , Wong Howard , Cats Oded 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is important to understand how public transport passengers value on-board crowding since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main contribution of this study is to derive the crowding valuation of public transport passengers in a post-pandemic era entirely based on observed, actual passenger route choices. We derive passengers’ crowding valuation for the London metro network based on a revealed preference discrete choice model using maximum likelihood estimation. We find that after the passenger load on-board the metro reaches the seat capacity, the in-vehicle time valuation increases by 0.42 for each increase in the average number of standing passengers per square metre upon boarding. When comparing this result to a variety of crowding valuation studies conducted before the pandemic in London and elsewhere, we can conclude that public transport passengers value crowding more negatively since the pandemic. Furthermore, we found a ratio between out-of-vehicle time and in-vehicle time of 1.94 pre-pandemic and of 1.92 post-pandemic, based on which we conclude that the relative waiting/walking time valuation did not significantly change since the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study results contribute to a better understanding on how on-board crowding in urban public transport is perceived in a European context since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantifying and addressing uncertainty in the measurement of interdisciplinarity
Authors: Nakhoda Maryam , Whigham Peter , Zwanenburg Sander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA common method for quantifying the interdisciplinarity of a publication is to measure the diversity of the publication’s cited references based on their disciplines. Here we examine the criteria that must be satisfied to develop a meaningful interdisciplinary measure based on citations and discuss the stages where uncertainty or bias may be introduced. In addition, using the Rao-Stirling diversity measure as an exemplar for such citation-based measures, we show how bootstrapping can be used to estimate a confidence interval for interdisciplinarity. Using an academic publication database, this approach is used to develop and assess a reliability measure for interdisciplinarity that extends current methods. Our results highlight issues with citation analysis for measuring interdisciplinarity and offer an approach to improve the confidence in assessing this concept. Specific guidelines for assessing the confidence in the Rao-Stirling diversity measure and subsequently other similar diversity measures are presented, hopefully reducing the likelihood of drawing false inferences about interdisciplinarity in the future.
Prediction of major bleeding events in 1381 patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Stuckey Ruth , Ianotto Jean-Christophe , Santoro Marco , Czyż Anna , Encinas Manuel M. Perez , Gómez-Casares María Teresa , Pereira Maria Soledad Noya , de Nałęcz Anna Kulikowska , Gołos Aleksandra , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Szukalski Łukasz , González-Martín Jesús M. , Sobas Marta Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe goal of therapy in essential thrombocythemia (ET) is reducing thrombotic risk. No algorithm to predict hemorrhage risk exists. The impact ofanti-platelet, cytoreductive and anticoagulation therapies on risk of major bleeding (MB) was evaluated. MB events were retrospectively analyzed in 1381 ET from 10 European centers. There were 0.286 MB events/person-year. Neither the International Thrombosis Prognostic Score for thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-t) nor the revised IPSET-t (r-IPSET-t) was predictive for hemorrhage-free survival at 10 years (p = 0.092 vs p = 0.1). Ageand leukocyte count were MB risk factors, while low hemoglobin was protective. For ET with extreme thrombocytosis (ExtT) and leukocytosis cytoreduction was not protective. MB were more frequent in ET with ExtT who received anticoagulation. Antiplatelet therapy was not, while anticoagulation was a risk factor for MB (HR 3.05, p = 0.016, CI 1.23–7.56), in particular vitamin K antagonists (22.6% of those treated had a MB event, HR 2.96, p = 0.004, CI 1.41–6.22). Survival at 10 years was associated with hemorrhage (OR 2.54, p < 0.001) but not thrombosis (HR 0.95, p = 0.829). Hemorrhage has a higher risk of mortality than thrombosis. Improved risk stratification for MB is necessary. The choice of anticoagulation, cytoreduction and antiplatelet therapies is an important area of research in ET.
A compatible finite element discretisation for the nonhydrostatic vertical slice equations
Authors: Cotter C. J. , Shipton J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a compatible finite element discretisation for the vertical slice compressible Euler equations, at next-to-lowest order (i.e., the pressure space is bilinear discontinuous functions). The equations are numerically integrated in time using a fully implicit timestepping scheme which is solved using monolithic GMRES preconditioned by a linesmoother. The linesmoother only involves local operations and is thus suitable for domain decomposition in parallel. It allows for arbitrarily large timesteps but with iteration counts scaling linearly with Courant number in the limit of large Courant number. This solver approach is implemented using Firedrake, and the additive Schwarz preconditioner framework of PETSc. We demonstrate the robustness of the scheme using a standard set of testcases that may be compared with other approaches.
Does cognitive decline influence signing?
Authors: Preti Alice Naomi , Diana Lorenzo , Castaldo Rita , Pischedda Francesca , Difonzo Teresa , Fumagalli Giorgio , Arighi Andrea , Sartori Giuseppe , Zago Stefano , Bolognini Nadia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The study explored the change in handwritten signature in neurodegenerative diseases by using of a rater-based approach.

Methods
Four independent observers were required to compare a pair of signatures (on average, 5 years elapsed between the two signatures) made by 103 patients (mean age 72 years) with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and by 31 healthy participants (HC; mean age 73 years), judging their change according to a 0–1 rating scale (0 = similar or 1 = different). If a signature change was detected, the rater had also to report which signature features (spatial layout, omitted/added/switched letters or names, shape of letter, pen-flow) changed on the same 0–1 scale. For the AD and FTD groups, one signature was collected prior to the diagnosis of dementia, the other subsequent.

Results
A signature change was reported by raters in 36% of AD patients, 44% of FTD, and 17% of HC, with significant differences between both clinical groups and HC (vs. AD, p = .01; vs. FTD, p = .001). There was not a distinctive marker of the signature change (i.e., feature change) in patients with dementia. Moreover, the signature changes in neurological patients were unrelated to their clinical and demographic characteristics (age, sex, education, time elapsed between the two signatures, Mini-mental State Examination score).

Conclusion
The findings suggest a resistance of handwritten signature in neurodegenerative diseases and in physiological aging, also suggesting that the signature may be an unreliable indicator of the cognitive status in AD and FTD, at least if subjectively evaluated.
Individuelle Lernunterstützung in der Arbeitsphase einer standardisierten Mathematikstunde im ersten Schuljahr – eine Videostudie
Authors: Foster Manuela , Diener Marion , Schnepel Susanne , Moser Opitz Elisabeth 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie individuellen Lernunterstützung von Schüler*innen ist eine wichtige Aufgabe von Lehrkräften. Bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen, dass es große Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Lehrkräften gibt, sowohl hinsichtlich der Durchführung als auch des Anregungsgehalts der Lernunterstützung. Ausgehend davon wird diskutiert, ob diese Ergebnisse – zumindest teilweise – auf die jeweiligen unterschiedlichen Unterrichtssituationen zurückzuführen sind und ob sich die Unterschiede zwischen den Lehrkräften auch in Situationen, die vergleichbar sind, zeigen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Lernunterstützung in standardisierten Mathematiklektionen im ersten Schuljahr. Analysiert wird, wie Lehrkräfte kooperative Arbeitsphasen im Unterricht für eine individuelle Lernunterstützung nutzen, welche Formen der Lernunterstützung zu beobachten sind und inwieweit diese Formen das Potenzial enthalten, die Lernprozesse wirksam zu unterstützen. Hierfür wurde die Lernunterstützung von Lehrkräften während einer kooperativen Arbeitsphase mittels videobasierter Unterrichtsanalyse untersucht. Als Datenbasis standen Unterrichtsvideos von 32 standardisierten Mathematiklektionen zur Verfügung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Lehrkräfte während knapp der Hälfte der Zeit der kooperativen Arbeitsphase einzelne Kinder oder kleine Gruppen individuell und fachbezogen in ihrem Lernen unterstützten. Dabei überwogen Formen der Lernunterstützung ohne hohes Lernpotenzial. Zudem zeigten sich trotz der hohen Standardisierung der Unterrichtssituation große Unterschiede zwischen den Lehrkräften, sowohl in Bezug auf die zeitliche Dauer als auch in Bezug auf die angewendeten Formen der Lernunterstützung. Im Rahmen weiterer Forschung wäre insbesondere zu analysieren, inwieweit die Gestaltung einer individuellen Lernunterstützung mit hohem Lernpotenzial durch konkrete Impulse und Hinweise gefördert werden kann.
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: An Overview
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Yuvashri , Sivadasan Shalini , Aiyalu Rajasekaran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This review elaborates on the definition, incidence, risk factors and treatment options for contrast-induced acute renal injury and highlights the potential therapeutic options to prevent this condition. Contrast-induced nephropathy is a subclinical and acute form of renal failure characterized by an unexplained worsening of renal function within 48–72 h after the administration of iodinated contrast media.

Methods
A PubMed search was performed to identify studies published in English and focused on contrast-induced nephropathy using specific keywords:: contrast-induced nephropathy, acute renal failure, iodinated contrast agent, chronic renal failure, and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Results
The risk of developing contrast-induced nephropathy increases in the presence of certain factors, including pre-existing renal dysfunction, diabetes, congestive heart failure, advanced age, and the concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs; this risk varies from 5% in patients with mild renal dysfunction to 50% in patients with diabetes and severe renal dysfunction.

Conclusions
Over recent years, many patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, do not opt to receive iodinated contrast agents due to the risk of acute renal failure, thus compromising diagnostic procedures. However, recent studies have shown that contrast-induced nephropathy occurs less frequently in patients with normal renal function than in those with pre-existing chronic renal failure and/or diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, over recent years, preventive strategies using intravenous fluids, pharmaceuticals, and renal replacement therapy, have reduced the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy. However, as diagnostic and therapeutic intervention paradigms evolve, some questions remain unanswered.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Enhanced Energy Efficient Model for Device-to-Device Communication in 5G Networks
Authors: Mishra Shailendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDevice-to-device (D2D) communications promise spectral and energy efficiency, total system capacity, and excellent data rates. These improvements in network performance led to much D2D research, but it revealed significant difficulties before their full potential could be realized in 5G networks. D2D communication in 5G networks can bring about performance gains regarding spectral and energy efficiency, total system capacity, and data rate. The major challenge in the 5G network is to meet latency, bandwidth, and traffic density requirements. In addition, the next generation of cellular networks must have increased throughput, decreased power consumption, and guaranteed Quality of Service. This potential, however, is associated with substantial difficulties. To address these challenges and improve the system capabilities of D2D networks, a deep learning-based Improved D2D communication (DLID2DC) model has been proposed. The proposed model is explicitly intended for 5G networks, using the exterior public cloud to replace automation with an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) method to analyze communication needs. The communicated needs allow a selection of methodologies to transfer machine data from the remote server to the smart devices. The model utilizes deep learning algorithms for resource allocation in D2D communication to maximize the utilization of available spectrum resources. Experimental tests prove that the DLID2DC model brings about better throughput, lower end-to-end delay, better fairness, and improved energy efficiency than traditional methods.
Calcium phosphate ceramic as a model for enamel substitute material in dental applications
Authors: Rujiraprasert Phakvalunch , Suriyasangpetch Sarat , Srijunbarl Anucharte , Singthong Thawanrat , Makornpan Chalermkwan , Nampuksa Katanchalee , Osathanon Thanaphum , Nantanapiboon Dusit , Monmaturapoj Naruporn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to develop enamel substitute material using a mechanochemical technique.

Materials and Methods
Hydroxyapatite was synthesized with and without tricalcium phosphate under uniaxial pressing of 10 and 17 MPa (HA10, HA17, BCP10, and BCP17), followed by sintering at 1250 °C for 2 h. Human enamel and dentin blocks were used as control groups. The mechanical properties were determined by compressive strength test and Vickers microhardness. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The phase formation and morphology of the specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results
HA17 and HA10 had compressive strength values comparable to enamel and dentin, respectively (p > 0.05). The microhardness of all synthesized groups was significantly higher than that of tooth structures (p < 0.05). From the XRD graphs, only the hydroxyapatite peak was observed in the control and HA groups. SEM images showed homogeneous hydroxyapatite grains in all groups, while the BCP groups contained higher porosities.

Conclusions
Both HA10 and HA17 are suitable for use as the inorganic part of dentin and enamel substitutes.
Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Jing , Chen Yexin , Liu Yan , Lin Lin , Lin Xiujuan , Gong Wenxiu , Xia Rongmu , He Jianquan , Sheng Jianwen , Cai Huimei , Xiao Chuanxing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo explore the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment approach for ulcerative colitis (UC), a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. To collect and evaluate randomized controlled trials of high quality on FMT for UC, we searched a number of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline, for studies published between the establishment of the databases and March 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis of the studies using Review Manager software (version 5.4.1) to determine the differences in rates of remission and adverse reactions between the FMT group and the control group, utilizing the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to combine our findings. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of FMT in patients with UC were included in the study, in which 580 patients participated, including 293 patients treated with FMT and 287 control subjects. Meta-analysis revealed that clinical remission was significantly better in the FMT group than in the control group [RR = 1.73; 95% CI = (1.41, 2.12); P < 0.00001]; endoscopic remission was significantly better in the FMT group than in the control group [RR = 1.74; 95% CI = (1.24, 2.44); P = 0.001]. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [RR = 1.00; 95% CI = (0.86, 1.15); P = 0.96]. Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown potential as a therapeutic intervention for inducing clinical remission in ulcerative colitis UC; nevertheless, the attainment of endoscopic remission and the maintenance of long-term remission continue to present challenges. Safety concerns persist throughout the treatment process, necessitating the implementation of measures to augment both safety and success rates.
Evaluation of rock mass units using a non-invasive geophysical approach
Authors: Hasan Muhammad , Shang Yanjun , Meng Qingsen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThorough and accurate assessment of rock mass units is important for development of engineering infrastructures and groundwater resources assessments. Rock mass units are widely evaluated by reliable geomechanical parameters namely rock quality designation (RQD) and rock core index (RCI). Conventionally, these parameters are acquired via an extensive number of geotechnical tests. Such tests, however, suffer efficiency for data coverage, cost, equipment and topographic constrictions, and hence cause ambiguity in geological models for a detailed evaluation of rock mass integrity. Conversely, geophysical surveys offer fast, more user-friendly, less invasive, more cost-effective and less time-consuming approach for geological investigations. The past research confirms a useful link between geophysical and geotechnical parameters. But, none of the past studies provides a suitable and generalized relation between these parameters which can reduce geotechnical model uncertainty mostly caused by inadequate data and subsurface heterogeneity. This paper proposes a meaningful and feasible method to obtain geomechanical parameters using a certain number of drillings and geophysical data of four different sites. Based on electrical resistivity obtained from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and controlled-source audio-frequency magneto telluric (CSAMT), this research provides the general and adaptable formulas for geotechnical parameter estimation and reduces geological model uncertainty for more detailed 2D/3D imaging of RQD and RCI covering the whole sites where even no drilling data exists. Thus, the investigated sites are assessed laterally and vertically along each geophysical profile via distinct value ranges of geological parameters for a thorough and reliable evaluation of rock mass units in highly heterogeneous setting. Our research reduces the ambiguity caused by structural heterogeneities and scarce data, fills the gap between inadequate well tests and the true geological models, and gives new insights into the rock mass units for proper engineering design and groundwater exploitation.