bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of reed straw hydrochar adsorbent and its environmental impact assessment
Authors: Wang Jing , Zang Yufei , Zhang Jiawen , Chen Feiyong , Liu Guanhong , Liu Bing , Matsumoto Toru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization technology has attracted increasingly the amount of attention due to its efficient conversion of biomass resources. Such technology benefits both the economy and the environment. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization of reed was conducted in a hydrothermal reactor under laboratory conditions. The factors that control the hydrochar yield and the efficiency of methylene blue adsorption, such as temperature, residence time, and solid-liquid ratio were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structure of the reed hydrochar. The experimental results indicated that the order of the factors affecting hydrochar yield was as follows: residence time > maximum temperature > solid-liquid ratio. The order of factors that determine the extent of methylene blue adsorption was: solid-liquid ratio > maximum temperature > residence time. The optimum condition for hydrochar production was with a reaction temperature at 260 °C, a residence time of 2 h, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The optimum condition for the highest amount of methylene blue adsorption was with a reaction temperature at 260 °C, a residence time of 1 h, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. The SEM imaging revealed a pore structure at the surface of the hydrochar comprising carbon microspheres and multilayer structure. Whereas the FTIR analysis indicated that the hydrochar had a high number of oxygen-containing surface functional groups. The environmental impact of the reed hydrochar preparation process was evaluated using the life cycle assessment approach by the SimaPro 9.2.0.2 software. The results revealed that the hydrothermal carbonization process majorly impacted the toxicity to the environment, the land use and the global warming. Future optimization of the hydrothermal carbonization process should focus on: (1) reducing the energy consumption during this process; (2) evaluating the environmental impact of the hydrochar-producing system, including the resource recycling of the by-products during this process.
Outcome of Stem Cell Transplantation in HTLV-1-Associated North American Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Bazarbachi Abdul-Hamid , Reef Daniel , Narvel Hiba , Patel Riya , Al Hamed Rama , Vikash Sindhu , Neupane Karun , Atalla Eleftheria , Thakkar Astha , Rahman Shafia , Shah Urvi , Adrianzen-Herrera Diego , Quinn Ryann , Zareef Sumaira , Rabinovich Emma , De Castro Alyssa , Joseph Felisha , Gillick Kailyn , Mustafa Jennat , Khatun Fariha , Lombardo Amanda , Townsend-Nugent Latoya , Abreu Michelly , Chambers Nicole , Elkind Richard , Shi Yang , Wang Yanhua , Derman Olga , Gritsman Kira , Steidl Ulrich , Goldfinger Mendel , Kornblum Noah , Shastri Aditi , Mantzaris Ioannis , Bachier-Rodriguez Liza , Shah Nishi , Cooper Dennis , Verma Amit , Ye Bihui Hilda , Janakiram Murali , Sica Roberto Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) remains challenging to treat and has dismal outcome. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) has promising results, but data remain scarce. In this single-center retrospective analysis of 100 patients with ATLL from north America (67 acute, 22 lymphomatous), 17 underwent allo-SCT and 5 autologous SCT (ASCT), with a median follow-up of 65 months. Post-transplant 3-years relapse incidence (RI) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 51% and 37%, respectively, and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 31% and 35%, respectively. ASCT 1-year RI was 80% compared to 30% in allo-SCT (p = 0.03). After adjusting for immortal-time bias, allo-SCT had significantly improved OS (HR = 0.4, p = 0.01). In exploratory multivariate analysis, patients achieving first complete response and Karnofsky score ≥ 90 had significantly better outcomes, as did Black patients, compared to Hispanics, who had worse outcome. In transplanted patients, 14 died within 2 years, 4 of which ASCT recipients. Our data are the largest ATLL transplant cohort presented to date outside of Japan and Europe. We show that allo-SCT, but not ASCT, is a valid option in select ATLL patients, and can induce long term survival, with 40% of patients alive after more than 5 years.
Formation of Electron Zebra Stripes Observed on 8 September 2017
Authors: Pandya Megha , Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi , Manweiler Jerry W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZebra stripes are the characteristic structures having repeated hills and valleys in the electron flux intensities observed below L = 3. We delineate the fundamental properties and evolution of electron zebra stripes by modeling advection using time‐dependent electric fields provided by a global magnetohydrodynamics simulation. At the beginning of the simulation, the electrons were uniformly distributed in longitude. Some electrons moved inward due to enhanced westward electric field transients in the premidnight‐postdawn region. The inwardly displaced electrons were confined in a narrow longitudinal range and underwent grad‐B and curvature drifts. For any specific fixed position, the electrons periodically passed through the point with an energy dependent period, giving rise to the hills and valleys in the electron differential flux also known as zebra stripes. The valleys of the zebra stripes are composed of the electrons that underwent outward displacement, or no significant radial displacement. On the nightside, the duskside convection cell is skewed toward dawn in the equatorward of the auroral oval, and the westward electric field becomes dominant in the postdawn region, which results in the inward motion of the electrons. The spatial distribution of the westward electric field is consistent with observation. Zebra stripes are a mixture of the electrons that have and have not experienced inward transport due to solar wind‐inner magnetosphere coupling by way of the ionosphere.
Reducing the Ionospheric Contamination Effects on the Column O/N2 Ratio and Its Application to the Identification of Non‐Migrating Tides
Authors: Krier Christopher S. , England Scott L. , Meier R. R. , Frey Harald U. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior investigations have attempted to characterize the longitudinal variability of the column number density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the context of non‐migrating tides. The retrieval of thermospheric O/N2 from far ultra‐violet (FUV) emissions assumes production is due to photoelectron impact excitation on O and N2. Consequently, efforts to characterize the tidal variability in O/N2 have been limited by ionospheric contamination from O+ + e radiative recombination at afternoon local times (LT) around the equatorial ionization anomaly. The retrieval of O/N2 from FUV observations by the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) provides an opportunity to address this limitation. In this work, we derive modified O/N2 datasets to delineate the response of thermospheric composition to non‐migrating tides as a function of LT in the absence of ionospheric contamination. We assess estimates of the ionospheric contribution to 135.6 nm emission intensities based on either Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) electron density, International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model output, or observations from the Extreme Ultra‐Violet imager (EUV) onboard ICON during March and September equinox conditions in 2020. Our approach accounts for any biases between the ionospheric and airglow datasets. We found that the ICON‐FUV data set, corrected for ionospheric contamination based on GIS, uncovered a previously obscured diurnal eastward wavenumber 2 tide in a longitudinal wavenumber 3 pattern at March equinox in 2020. This finding demonstrates not only the necessity of correcting for ionospheric contamination of the FUV signals but also the utility of using GIS for the correction.
Height Determination of a Blue Discharge Observed by ASIM/MMIA on the International Space Station
Authors: Bai Xue , Füllekrug Martin , Chanrion Olivier , Soula Serge , Peverell Adam , Mashao Dakalo , Kosch Michael , Husbjerg Lasse , Østgaard Nikolai , Neubert Torsten , Reglero Victor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyze simultaneous photometric observations of thundercloud discharges from the Modular Multispectral Imaging Array of the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on board the International Space Station with ground‐based vertical electric field measurements in South Africa on 3 February 2019 at 23:00–23:05 UTC. During this time, ASIM flew over an extended thunderstorm front of several hundreds of kilometers and recorded a blue discharge with the photometer at 337 nm which emitted strong electric fields. It is found that the rising edge of the blue photomultiplier tube light pulse allows the estimation of the blue discharge height: ∼10.9–16.5 km which is constrained by cloud top height in a range of ∼13.3–16.7 km deduced from infrared radiometry on board the geostationary Meteosat satellite. The electric field measurements are used to infer the height of the blue discharge to be ∼16.0–18.8 km by use of skywave arrival times. It is shown that the height determinations are consistent with each other within the measurement uncertainties and the possible presence of an overshooting cloud top is discussed. The height of blue discharges is important to better understand how they can affect the chemistry in the upper troposphere.
CAR links hypoxia signaling to improved survival after myocardial infarction
Authors: Freiberg Fabian , Thakkar Meghna , Hamann Wiebke , Lopez Carballo Jacobo , Jüttner Rene , Voss Felizia K. , Becher Peter M. , Westermann Dirk , Tschöpe Carsten , Heuser Arnd , Rocks Oliver , Fischer Robert , Gotthardt Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates homo- and heterotopic interactions between neighboring cardiomyocytes at the intercalated disc. CAR is upregulated in the hypoxic areas surrounding myocardial infarction (MI). To elucidate whether CAR contributes to hypoxia signaling and MI pathology, we used a gain- and loss-of-function approach in transfected HEK293 cells, H9c2 cardiomyocytes and CAR knockout mice. CAR overexpression increased RhoA activity, HIF-1α expression and cell death in response to chemical and physical hypoxia. In vivo, we subjected cardiomyocyte-specific CAR knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (WT) to coronary artery ligation. Survival was drastically improved in KO mice with largely preserved cardiac function as determined by echocardiography. Histological analysis revealed a less fibrotic, more compact lesion. Thirty days after MI, there was no compensatory hypertrophy or reduced cardiac output in hearts from CAR KO mice, in contrast to control mice with increased heart weight and reduced ejection fraction as signs of the underlying pathology. Based on these findings, we suggest CAR as a therapeutic target for the improved future treatment or prevention of myocardial infarction.
Social disadvantage during pregnancy: effects on gestational age and birthweight
Authors: Luby Joan L. , England Sarah K. , Barch Deanna M. , Warner Barbara B. , Rogers Cynthia , Smyser Christopher D. , Triplett Regina , Arora Jyoti , Smyser Tara A. , Slavich George M. , Zhao Peinan , Stout Molly , Herzog Erik , Miller J. Philip 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Whether psychosocial adversity during pregnancy impacts fetal health outcomes at birth remains underexplored. This is a critical issue given significant social disadvantage and psychosocial stress faced by pregnant women worldwide.

Study design
Measures of social disadvantage and psychological factors, and medical/reproductive and nutritional health status in pregnant women were obtained at each trimester. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we investigated the relationship of forms of adversity to each other and to infant gestational age, and birthweight.

Results
Among 399 singletons, Social Disadvantage significantly predicted gestational age (p = 0.003), and residual birthweight (p = 0.006). There was a 0.4 week decrease in gestational age and a 3% decrease in birthweight for each standard deviation increase in Social Disadvantage.

Conclusion
Significant negative effects of social adversity on the developing fetus were found. Notably, these effects emerged despite good prenatal care and after accounting for maternal age and medical reproductive risk factors.
Viral inactivation by irradiation rays
Authors: Liu Kai-Kai , Shan Chong-Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractViral infection can lead to serious illness and death around the world, as exemplified by the spread of COVID-19. Using irradiation rays can inactive virions through ionizing and non-ionizing effect. The application of light in viral inactivation and the underlying mechanisms are reviewed by the research group of Dayong Jin from University of Technology Sydney.
Family-based analysis of the contribution of rare and common genetic variants to school performance in schizophrenia
Authors: Rammos Alexandros , Kirov George , Hubbard Leon , Walters James T. R. , Holmans Peter , Owen Michael J. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Rees Elliott 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImpaired cognition in schizophrenia is associated with worse functional outcomes. While genetic factors are known to contribute to variation in cognition in schizophrenia, few rare coding variants with strong effects have been identified, and the relative effects from de novo, inherited and non-transmitted alleles are unknown. We used array and exome sequencing data from 656 proband-parent trios to examine the contribution of common and rare variants to school performance, and by implication cognitive function, in schizophrenia. Parental transmission of common alleles contributing to higher educational attainment (p value = 0.00015; OR = 2.63) and intelligence (p value = 0.00009; OR = 2.80), but not to schizophrenia, were associated with higher proband school performance. No significant effects were seen for non-transmitted parental common alleles. Probands with lower school performance were enriched for damaging de novo coding variants in genes associated with developmental disorders (DD) (p value = 0.00026; OR = 11.6). Damaging, ultra-rare coding variants in DD genes that were transmitted or non-transmitted from parents, had no effects on school performance. Among probands with lower school performance, those with damaging de novo coding variants in DD genes had a higher rate of comorbid mild intellectual disability (p value = 0.0002; OR = 15.6). Overall, we provide evidence for rare and common genetic contributions to school performance in schizophrenia. The strong effects for damaging de novo coding variants in DD genes provide further evidence that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has a shared aetiology with developmental disorders. Furthermore, we report no evidence in this sample that non-transmitted parental common alleles for cognitive traits contributed to school performance in schizophrenia via indirect effects on the environment.
The gut microbiome modulates the transformation of microglial subtypes
Authors: Huang Yu , Wu Jing , Zhang Hanping , Li Yifan , Wen Lu , Tan Xunmin , Cheng Ke , Liu Yiyun , Pu Juncai , Liu Lanxiang , Wang Haiyang , Li Wenxia , Perry Seth W. , Wong Ma-Li , Licinio Julio , Zheng Peng , Xie Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClinical and animal studies have shown that gut microbiome disturbances can affect neural function and behaviors via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of several brain diseases. However, exactly how the gut microbiome modulates nervous system activity remains obscure. Here, using a single-cell nucleus sequencing approach, we sought to characterize the cell type–specific transcriptomic changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus derived from germ-free (GF), specific pathogen free, and colonized-GF mice. We found that the absence of gut microbiota resulted in cell-specific transcriptomic changes. Furthermore, microglia transcriptomes were preferentially influenced, which could be effectively reversed by microbial colonization. Significantly, the gut microbiome modulated the mutual transformation of microglial subpopulations in the two regions. Cross-species analysis showed that the transcriptome changes of these microglial subpopulations were mainly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which were further supported by animal behavioral tests. Our findings demonstrate that gut microbiota mainly modulate the mutual transformation of microglial subtypes, which may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of AD and MDD.
Oxytocin effects on amygdala reactivity to angry faces in males and females with antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Jeung-Maarse Haang , Schmitgen Mike M. , Schmitt Ruth , Bertsch Katja , Herpertz Sabine C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe amygdala is a key region in current neurocircuitry models of reactive aggression as it is crucially involved in detecting social threat and provocation. An increased amygdala reactivity to angry faces has been reported in aggression-prone individuals and the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) could dampen anger-related amygdala reactivity in a number of mental disorders. One example is the antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) which has so far only been studied in limited numbers. To address the question whether OT can normalize amygdala hyperreactivity to emotional faces, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 20 men and 18 women with ASPD and 20 male and 20 female healthy control (HC) participants in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (PLC)-controlled within-subject design. Participants were exposed to an emotion classification task (fearful, angry, and happy faces) after receiving an intranasal dose (24 IU) of synthetic OT or PLC. We found OT to attenuate right amygdala hyperactivity to angry faces in participants with ASPD to such an extent that the intensity of amygdala activity in the ASPD group in the OT condition decreased to the level of amygdala activity in the PLC condition in the HC group. There was also a trend that OT effects were generally larger in women than in men. These findings suggest that OT differentially modulates the amygdala following social threatening or provoking cues in dependence of psychopathology (ASPD vs. HC) and sex (male vs. female). Particularly female ASPD patients could benefit from OT in the treatment of reactive aggression.
The D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor luvadaxistat improves mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia in a randomized trial
Authors: O’Donnell Patricio , Dong Cheng , Murthy Venkatesha , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Du Xiaoming , Summerfelt Ann , Lu Hong , Xu Lin , Wendland Jens R. , Dunayevich Eduardo , Buhl Derek L. , Litman Robert , Hetrick William P. , Hong L. Elliot , Rosen Laura B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made to enhance N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function in schizophrenia, but they have yielded mixed results. Luvadaxistat, a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor that increases the glutamate co-agonist D-serine levels, is being developed for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. We conducted a biomarker study in patients, assessing several endpoints related to physiological outcomes of NMDA receptor modulation to determine whether luvadaxistat affects neural circuitry biomarkers relevant to NMDA receptor function and schizophrenia. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-period crossover phase 2a study assessing luvadaxistat 50 mg and 500 mg for 8 days in 31 patients with schizophrenia. There were no treatment effects of luvadaxistat at either dose in eyeblink conditioning, a cerebellar-dependent learning measure, compared with placebo. We observed a nominally significant improvement in mismatch negativity (MMN) and a statistical trend to improvement for auditory steady-state response at 40 Hz, in both cases with 50 mg, but not with 500 mg, compared with placebo. Although the data should be interpreted cautiously owing to the small sample size, they suggest that luvadaxistat can improve an illness-related circuitry biomarker at doses associated with partial DAAO inhibition. These results are consistent with 50 mg, but not higher doses, showing a signal of efficacy in cognitive endpoints in a larger phase 2, 12-week study conducted in parallel. Thus, MMN responses after a short treatment period may predict cognitive function improvement. MMN and ASSR should be considered as biomarkers in early trials addressing NMDA receptor hypofunction.
Serine/threonine kinase TBK1 promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression via direct regulation of β-catenin
Authors: Gao Chong-Qing , Chu Zhen-Zhen , Zhang Di , Xiao Yang , Zhou Xing-Yan , Wu Jun-Ru , Yuan Hui , Jiang Yu-Chuan , Chen Dong , Zhang Ji-Chun , Yao Nan , Chen Kai-Yun , Hong Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous and metastatic malignancy with a poor prognosis even after curative hepatectomy. Studies exploring its pathogenesis and identifying effective therapeutic targets are urgently needed. In this study, we found that TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a serine/threonine-protein kinase, showed a dynamic increase during the different stages of murine spontaneous CCA carcinogenesis (hyperplasia, dysplasia, and CCA). TBK1 was upregulated in human tissues, including intrahepatic (n = 182) and extrahepatic (n = 40) CCA tissues, compared with nontumor tissues, and the elevated expression of TBK1 was positively correlated with larger tumour diameter, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Functional studies indicated that TBK1 promoted CCA growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. TBK1 directly interacts with β-catenin, promoting its phosphorylation at the S552 site and its nuclear translocation, which further activates EMT-related transcriptional reprogramming. GSK-8612, a TBK1 inhibitor or a kinase-inactivating mutation, effectively suppresses the above processes. In addition, we found that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol, was upregulated in CCA. Therefore, we designed a cholesterol-conjugated DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide targeting TBK1 (Cho-TBK1-HDO), which could accumulate in CCA cells via LDLR, reduce the TBK1 mRNA level and inhibit intrahepatic metastasis of CCA. Besides, in the experimental group of 182 ICC patients, high TBK1 expression combined with high nuclear β-catenin expression predicted a worse prognosis. In summary, TBK1 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with CCA.