bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Criteria for Detecting Change-Points in the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Authors: Ozaki Ryoto , Ninomiya Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Cox proportional hazards model, commonly used in clinical trials, assumes proportional hazards. However, it does not hold when, for example, there is a delayed onset of the treatment effect. In such a situation, an acute change in the hazard ratio function is expected to exist. This paper considers the Cox model with change-points and derives Akaike information criterion (AIC)-type information criteria for detecting those change-points. The change-point model does not allow for conventional statistical asymptotics due to its irregularity, thus a formal AIC that penalizes twice the number of parameters would not be analytically derived, and using it would clearly give overfitting analysis results. Therefore, we will construct specific asymptotics using the partial likelihood estimation method in the Cox model with change-points, and propose information criteria based on the original derivation method for AIC. If the partial likelihood is used in the estimation, information criteria with penalties much larger than twice the number of parameters could be obtained in an explicit form. Numerical experiments confirm that the proposed criteria are clearly superior in terms of the original purpose of AIC, which are to provide an estimate that is close to the true structure. We also apply the proposed criterion to actual clinical trial data to indicate that it will easily lead to different results from the formal AIC.
Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic emotion regulation training in an at‐risk sample: a randomized‐controlled trial of group‐based training versus self‐help bibliotherapy
Authors: Wittkamp Martin F. , Krkovic Katarina , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesSubclinical psychotic, depression, and anxiety symptoms form a transdiagnostic ‘at‐risk state’ for the development of mental disorders. Emotion regulation has been identified as a transdiagnostic factor relevant to the formation of these symptoms that can be successfully addressed in clinical interventions. Here, we tested whether a group‐based emotion regulation training would be effective in reducing distress and at preventing the transition to mental disorders in an at‐risk sample.MethodsParticipants with distressing subclinical psychotic, depression, or anxiety symptoms (n = 138) were randomly allocated to either the 8‐week group‐based affect regulation training (ART; Springer, New York) or an 8‐week self‐help bibliotherapy (BT). They underwent biweekly measurements during the intervention, as well as at a six‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. In an exploratory analysis, we tested whether the ART would be superior to BT in preventing the transition to any mental disorder at 12‐month follow‐up. We also tested for differences in trajectories of psychopathology and emotion regulation (via questionnaires) and emotion regulation in daily life (via the experience‐sampling method).ResultsParticipants in the ART condition showed a greater improvement of emotion regulation in daily life than those with BT, but the ART was not superior over BT in preventing the transition to mental disorders. There were significant longitudinal reductions from pre‐ to post‐intervention for general psychopathology and symptoms but no superiority of the ART over BT.ConclusionsDespite its efficacy in improving emotion regulation skills, the ART does not produce effects on psychopathology that justify its recommendation over self‐help approaches.
Trade‐offs in carbon‐degrading enzyme activities limit long‐term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition
Authors: Feng Jiao , Yu Dailin , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Moorhead Daryl L. , Andersen Mathias Neumann , Smith Pete , Song Yanting , Li Xinqi , Huang Qiaoyun , Liu Yu‐Rong , Chen Ji 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBiochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial‐mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C‐degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar‐induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short‐term (<1 year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long‐term (≥1 year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long‐term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long‐term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.
The U.S.‐Mexico border as a model for social‐cultural theory: A brief discussion
Authors: Heyman Josiah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe US–Mexico border has influenced social‐cultural theory by drawing attention to hybrids that stand apart from supposedly cohesive wholes. This point, albeit important, does not exhaust the lessons to be learned from the US–Mexico border region. It also displays highly unequal power relations. Adjacent, interactive, but profoundly asymmetrical border city pairs are key sites for analyzing unequal relationships between the so‐called global South and global North. This social relationality of apparently contrastive endpoints, and the cultural frameworks and practices that mediate the connections, is yet another lesson from the US–Mexico border. Culture occurs in a matrix of often highly unequal social relationships. Culture is made and reproduced at relational meeting points between differentiated positionalities, even when there is an apparently exclusionary border in between.
Monocyte to high‐density lipoprotein ratio predicts clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack
Authors: Xu Qin , Wu Qiong , Chen Lu , Li Hao , Tian Xue , Xia Xue , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Lin Yongzhong , Wu Yiping , Wang Yongjun , Meng Xia , Wang Anxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe monocyte to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) has emerged as a novel inflammatory biomarker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, it has not yet been identified whether MHR can predict the long‐term prognosis of ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the associations of MHR levels with clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) at 3 months and 1 year.MethodsWe derived data from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR‐III). Enrolled patients were divided into four groups by quartiles of MHR. Multivariable Cox regression for all‐cause death and stroke recurrence and logistic regression for the poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6) were used.ResultsAmong 13,865 enrolled patients, the median MHR was 0.39 (interquartile range, 0.27–0.53). After adjustment for conventional confounding factors, the MHR level in quartile 4 was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.90), and poor functional outcome (odd ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.22–1.76), but not with stroke recurrence (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85–1.21) at 1 year follow‐up, compared with MHR level in quartile 1. Similar results were observed for outcomes at 3 months. The addition of MHR to a basic model including conventional factors improved predictive ability for all‐cause death and poor functional outcome validated by the C‐statistic and net reclassification index (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsElevated MHR can independently predict all‐cause death and poor functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA.
Endothelial Arid1a deletion disrupts the balance among angiogenesis, neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the developing brain
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Su Libo , Wang Wenwen , Zhao Jinyue , Wang Yanyan , Li Sihan , Liu Yan , Chai Renjie , Li Xin , Teng Zhaoqian , Liu Changmei , Hu Baoyang , Ji Fen , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe vascular system and the neural system processes occur simultaneously, the interaction among them is fundamental to the normal development of the central nervous system. Arid1a (AT‐rich interaction domain 1A), which encodes an epigenetic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin‐remodelling complex, is associated with promoter‐mediated gene regulation and histone modification. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cerebrovascular and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) remains unclear. To generate Arid1acKO‐Tie2 mice, Arid1afl/fl mice were hybridized with Tie2‐Cre mice. The Angiogenesis, neurogenesis and gliogenesis were studied by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. RNA‐seq, RT‐PCR, Western blotting, CO‐IP and rescue experiments were performed to dissect the molecular mechanisms of Arid1a regulates fate determination of NPCs. We found that the absence of Arid1a results in increased the density of blood vessels, delayed neurogenesis and decreased gliogenesis, even after birth. Mechanistically, the deletion of Arid1a in endothelial cells causes a significant increase in H3k27ac and the secretion of maternal protein 2 (MATN2). In addition, matn2 alters the AKT/SMAD4 signalling pathway through its interaction with the NPCs receptor EGFR, leading to the decrease of SMAD4. SMAD complex further mediates the expression of downstream targets, thereby promoting neurogenesis and inhibiting gliogenesis. This study suggests that endothelial Arid1a tightly controls fate determination of NPCs by regulating the AKT‐SMAD signalling pathway.
Rolling through TikTok: An analysis of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐related content
Authors: Whelan Jai , Noller Geoffrey E. , Ward Ryan D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTikTok has quickly gained popularity through its platforming of large amounts of short video content. Given its widespread popularity, unrestricted access and poor content monitoring may allow 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐related content to influence perception of MDMA use. We aimed to investigate how MDMA‐related videos are portrayed on TikTok and explore MDMA‐related harm reduction content.MethodsMDMA‐related hashtags and sounds were utilised to collect data from TikTok (n = 498). Video views, likes, comments and shares were recorded and quantified, and videos were coded for depiction/sentiment towards MDMA and thematic content.ResultsThe total sample view count was 82,413,781. Videos had a median view count of 28,900 (SD = ±561,645), median like count of 2269 (SD = ±102,904), median comment count of 52 (SD = ±755), and median share count of 34 (SD = ±3292). Most videos depicted MDMA neutrally (40.6%), while 34.9% were positive. MDMA intoxication was presumed in 40.2% of videos. The analysis produced seven themes, of which humour was the most common (80.5%). Harm reduction content was present in nine videos, viewed 999,700 times, and consisted of mixed subject matter.Discussion and ConclusionsSimilar themes and issues surrounding drug‐related content on TikTok are relevant to MDMA, and intoxication was present in a significant portion of the sample. Better monitoring or regulation of content could potentially offset harm that may arise from consumption of such content. Promotion of harm reduction content could also be trialled to minimise harm.
Greenhouse gas emissions from ant nests: A systematic review
Authors: Caiafa Luana , Barros Nathan Oliveira , Lopes Juliane Floriano Santos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnt nests are ecologically important emission sources of CO2, CH4, and N2O. An updated review of the progress in studying greenhouse gas (GHG) flux from ant nests could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their role in this context.We evaluate the progress in assessing GHG flux assessment through a systematic review and identify factors responsible for higher GHG emissions from ant nests.The specific goals were to conduct a bibliographic analysis of the frequency and geographical distribution of scientific works addressing this topic, reported species, and methodologies; to relate the mean GHG flux to species‐specific characteristics of ant nests; and to identify patterns and biases responsible for reported higher GHG levels.More data is needed on the species and habitats studied. The most frequently examined gas was CO2, and the closed chamber system was the most used method, with a wide variation in chamber size and material.No relation was found between CO2emissions and species‐specific characteristics, which can be explained by the fact that these data show a high variability, probably due to the abiotic factors in each study, different measurement methods, and their respective configurations.Our study underlines the need to standardise GHG measurement methods to allow for reliable comparisons between ant species and habitats. Furthermore, it signals the need to investigate more information to build appropriate global GHG emissions models.This progress will only be possible through collaborative studies by increasing interaction among researchers through projects on a continental or global scale.
Chrysoporthe puriensis causing canker and mortality in Pleroma mutabile in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Rêgo Géssica Mylena Santana , de Souza Iêda Alana Leite , Silva Gabrielle Avelar , de Oliveira Mara Elisa Soares , Ferreira Maria Alves 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFungi of the Cryphonectriaceae family are globally known to be tree pathogens. In Brazil, several species of Chrysoporthe have been found causing stem and branch cankers in Pleroma (= Tibouchina) spp. Recently, Chrysoporthe puriensis was described as a new species causing stem and branch cankers in Pleroma granulosum, Pleroma candolleanum, and Pleroma heteromallum, all native species of the Melastomataceae family. During an investigation to collect isolates of the Cryphonectriaceae family in an important Brazilian biome, the Atlantic Forest, in Serra do Mar, structures typical of Chrysoporthe species were found in a different host, Pleroma mutabile. Fruiting bodies present in the bark of these trees were collected and isolated. The isolates were submitted on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β‐tubulin gene regions using Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and Maximum parsimony methods. The isolates collected, for this study, were identified as C. puriensis. Pathogenicity tests on seedlings of Pleroma species and Eucalyptus clones revealed C. puriensis can infect and cause canker in these plant species as mortality. The results demonstrate the importance of delimiting the C. puriensis collection range to track its dissemination in other hosts. No host specificity was observed in the inoculation tests, suggesting this is an important finding, the pathogen causes diseases and mortality in several plants of the Atlantic Forest. Additionally, the pathogen can affect others hosts, such as Eucalyptus clones in commercial plantations.
Metastatic undifferentiated sarcoma in a horse
Authors: Zetterström Sandra , Yin Ji‐Hang , Sandey Maninder , Cattley Russell , Schleis Stephanie , Lieske Danielle , Stanton James , Caldwell Fred 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA 6‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was evaluated for surgical treatment of a firm, nonpainful cervical mass. The mass developed over 9 months but began enlarging rapidly 4 months prior to presentation. Previous biopsies were inconclusive. Ultrasonography of the cranioventral neck identified a heterogenous, 20 cm × 9 cm × 10 cm mass separate from the thyroid gland and extending caudally from the level of the hyoid apparatus. The gelding was clinically healthy at presentation. Surgical resection of the mass was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining revealed an undifferentiated sarcoma with incomplete margins. Diagnostic staging tests, re‐excision and adjuvant chemotherapy were recommended, but the horse died suddenly before further treatment could be pursued. Post‐mortem examination revealed a recurrent cranioventral cervical mass in addition to haemothorax and widespread intra‐thoracic and intra‐abdominal multiorgan metastasis. To the authors' knowledge, this report documents the first undifferentiated sarcoma with systemic metastatic disease resulting in the sudden death of a young horse.
Inhalation injury in 11 Thoroughbred racehorses: Clinical course on bronchoscopy, treatment and postinjury racing performance
Authors: Tokushige Hirotaka , Kobayashi Minoru , Iimori Mai , Ito Hiroki , Ueshiba Hiroki , Urayama Shuntaro , Kurimoto Shinjiro 
Published: March 2023

SummaryInhalation injury is a serious and potentially fatal consequence of a fire or explosion. Bronchoscopy is recommended for rapid assessment of inhalation injury in humans; however, descriptions of bronchoscopic observation of inhalation injury in horses are lacking. We describe the clinical course of inhalation injury observed by bronchoscopy, treatment, and racing performance in 26 Thoroughbred racehorses that had been exposed to a fire. On initial bronchoscopy, 11 were diagnosed with inhalation injury (3 of Grade 1 [mild]; 3 of Grade 2 [moderate]; 4 of Grade 3 [severe]; and 1 of Grade 4 [massive]); 11 had no injury (Grade 0); and 4 were found dead. Treatment was based on inhalation injury grade and mainly involved airway lavage via bronchoscopy for soot removal and exudate recovery. Of the 11 horses with inhalation injury, 10 survived and 9 returned to racing. No effects in terms of racing performance (number of starts, finishing position, and earnings) were observed. Prompt and repeated bronchoscopy may be useful for evaluating the severity of inhalation injury, and airway lavage via bronchoscopy may be an effective treatment. If diagnosed and treated early and appropriately, even severe inhalation injury will not necessarily hinder postinjury racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Partisan difference in social desirability bias on anti‐immigrant sentiments: Covert and overt expression among French voters
Authors: Nakai Ryo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious types of anti‐immigrant sentiments have been taken as the characteristic independent variable to explain specific support for radical right parties. However, some survey respondents tend to conceal their attitudes towards socially sensitive issues. To overcome this challenge, the present study used a list experiment method (item count technique) to reveal respondents' covert attitudes towards immigrants (and compared these with overt expressions) based on party support in France. Results indicated similar levels of anti‐immigrant sentiments among radical right National Front supporters and other centre‐rightist parties. In addition, comparison with the direct question method revealed that while supporters of centre‐right parties were reluctant to express their anti‐immigrant sentiment in overt expressions, National Front supporters willingly expressed it overtly more than in covert expressions. Using regression analysis, this paper demonstrates the diversity of anti‐immigrant norms and the social desirability bias gap in the French political space.
Seven‐months‐old infants show increased arousal to static emotion body expressions: Evidence from pupil dilation
Authors: Geangu Elena , Vuong Quoc C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman body postures provide perceptual cues that can be used to discriminate and recognize emotions. It was previously found that 7‐months‐olds’ fixation patterns discriminated fear from other emotion body expressions but it is not clear whether they also process the emotional content of those expressions. The emotional content of visual stimuli can increase arousal level resulting in pupil dilations. To provide evidence that infants also process the emotional content of expressions, we analyzed variations in pupil in response to emotion stimuli. Forty‐eight 7‐months‐old infants viewed adult body postures expressing anger, fear, happiness and neutral expressions, while their pupil size was measured. There was a significant emotion effect between 1040 and 1640 ms after image onset, when fear elicited larger pupil dilations than neutral expressions. A similar trend was found for anger expressions. Our results suggest that infants have increased arousal to negative‐valence body expressions. Thus, in combination with previous fixation results, the pupil data show that infants as young as 7‐months can perceptually discriminate static body expressions and process the emotional content of those expressions. The results extend information about infant processing of emotion expressions conveyed through other means (e.g., faces).
Prognostic factors for delayed healing of complex wounds in adults: A scoping review
Authors: Marques Raquel , Lopes Marcos , Ramos Paulo , Neves‐Amado João , Alves Paulo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComplex or hard‐to‐heal wounds continue to be a challenge because of the negative impact they have on patients, caregivers, and all the associated costs. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for the delayed healing of complex wounds. Five databases and grey literature were the sources used to research adults with pressure ulcers/injuries, venous leg ulcers, critical limb‐threatening ischaemia, or diabetic foot ulcers and report the prognostic factors for delayed healing in all care settings. In the last 5 years, a total of 42 original peer‐reviewed articles were deemed eligible for this scoping review that followed the JBI recommendations and checklist PRISMA‐ScR. The most frequent prognostic factors found with statistical significance coinciding with various wound aetiologies were: gender (male), renal disease, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, the decline in activities of daily life, wound duration, wound area, wound location, high‐stage WIfI classification, gangrene, infection, previous ulcers, and low ankle brachial index. It will be essential to apply critical appraisal tools and assessment risk of bias to the included studies, making it possible to make recommendations for clinical practice and build prognostic models. Future studies are recommended because the potential for healing through identification of prognostic factors can be determined, thus allowing an appropriate therapeutic plan to be developed.