bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Electrochemiluminescence‐Emitting Species for Sensitive Detection of KRAS G12C Mutation via PET‐RAFT**
Authors: Ma Lele , Kang Le , Sun Yuzhi , Liu Jingwen , Yang Huaixia , Miao Mingsan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe levels of KRAS G12C point mutation is recognized to be closely related to the earlier diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, based on nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) and photo‐induced electron/energy transfer reversible addition‐fragment chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) signal amplification strategy, we fabricated a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for the detection of KRAS G12C mutation for the first time. NGQDs as ECL‐emitting species with cathodic ECL were prepared by a simple calcination method. Firstly, KRAS G12C mutation DNA, i. e., target DNA (tDNA), was captured by specific identification with hairpin DNA (hDNA). Then, PET‐RAFT was initiated by blue light, and large numbers of monomers were successfully polymerized to form controllable polymer chains. Lastly, massive NGQDs was introduced via amidation reaction with N‐(3‐aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA), which significantly amplified the ECL signal intensity. Under optimal conditions, this biosensor achieved a good linear relationship between ECL intensity and logarithm of the levels of KRAS G12C mutation in the range from 10 fM to 10 nM. Moreover, this strategy exhibited high selectivity and excellent applicability for KRAS G12C mutation detection in the serum samples. Therefore, this biosensor has great potential in clinical diagnosis and practical application.
π‐Extended Hexapyrrolylbenzenes: Exploring Charge‐Transfer Phenomena in Donor‐Acceptor Propellers
Authors: Matuszczyk Daniel , Lee Yu Jin , Kang Seongsoo , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Cybińska Joanna , Kim Dongho , Stępień Marcin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA family of propeller‐shaped donor‐acceptor hexapyrrolylbenzenes (HPBs) were designed and synthesized by sequential nucleophilic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with π‐extended pyrroles. In particular, four hybrids were obtained, containing various combinations of electron‐rich and electron‐poor acenaphthylene‐fused pyrroles. Additionally, to probe the efficiency of ortho transfer interactions, a system was designed containing unique donor and acceptor subunits spatially separated with four unfunctionalized pyrroles. DFT calculations showed propeller‐shaped geometries of all HPB molecules and separation of frontier molecular orbitals between donor and acceptor subunits. Steady‐state and time‐resolved photophysical measurements revealed charge‐transfer (CT) character of the emission with strong positive dependence on solvent polarity. The principal CT pathway involves ortho‐positioned pairs of donors and acceptors and requires bending of the acceptor in the excited state.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Profiles of a Novel Low‐Dose Micronized Formulation of Raloxifene 45 mg (AD‐101) and the Conventional Raloxifene 60 mg in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Lee Hae Won , Kang Woo Youl , Gwon Mi‐Ri , Park Soo‐Jin , Cho Kyunghee , Seong Sook Jin , Yoon Young‐Ran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRaloxifene hydrochloride shows poor bioavailability (only 2%) when orally administered because of its poor aqueous solubility and its extensive first‐pass metabolism. A new micronized formulation of raloxifene was developed to improve bioavailability via enhanced gastrointestinal absorption. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a new micronized raloxifene formulation (AD‐101) in comparison with the conventional raloxifene formulation. This study was designed as an open‐label, randomized, 2‐treatment‐period, crossover study with a 2‐week washout period. Two treatments consisted of micronized raloxifene 45 mg daily; and conventional raloxifene 60 mg daily administered in fasting conditions. Plasma raloxifene concentrations were determined by a validated method using ultra‐fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. In total, 49 subjects completed the study. The geometric mean ratio (micronized/conventional) of the maximum concentration and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last concentration values were 1.08 (90% CI, 0.95‐1.24) and 0.97 (90% CI, 0.89‐1.05), respectively. The adverse event profile did not differ between the 2 formulations. The results demonstrate that micronized formulation of raloxifene 45 mg is equivalent to conventional formulation of raloxifene 60 mg when administered at the single dose in the fasted state. After single oral dosing of AD‐101, there were no serious or unexpected adverse events.
Tightly Connected Poly(3‐Thiophene Boronic Acid)/g‐C3N4 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Bing‐Miao , Li Yong , Pang Xu‐Long , Qu Yang , Li Zhi‐Jun , Zhao Qi , Zhang Yi , Zhu Yan , Zhang Peng‐Xue , Qin Chuan‐Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConstructing efficient polymer semiconductor/g‐C3N4 heterojunctions is highly desirable for enhancing the photogenerated charge separation of g‐C3N4 and further improving the solar‐hydrogen production efficiency. Herein, we synthesized poly(3‐thiophene boronic acid)/g‐C3N4 (PTBA/CN) heterojunctions with tight interface contact by a simple wet‐chemical strategy. The resulting ratio‐optimized 3PTBA/CN heterojunction exhibits 8.7 times enhancement of the visible‐light photocatalytic hydrogen production compared to CN. Based on the steady‐state surface photovoltage spectra (SS‐SPS), photoluminescence spectra (PL), ⋅OH amount measurements, time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra (TR‐PL), and single‐wavelength photocurrent action spectra, it is confirmed that the enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the promoted photogenerated charge separation resulting from the transfer of high‐level electrons from CN to PTBA via the formed tight interface contact, depending on the hydrogen bonding interactions between the boronic acid groups [−B(OH)2] of PTBA and the amino groups (−NH2) of CN. Furthermore, the −B(OH)2 of PTBA facilitates the uniform dispersion of the co‐catalyst Pt. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing efficient tightly connected polymer semiconductor/CN heterojunction photocatalysis.
The joint effects of forest habitat area and fragmentation on dung beetles
Authors: Mbora David Nyaga Mugo , Mutua Morris Nzioka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHabitat loss and habitat fragmentation usually occur together, at the same time and place. However, while there is a consensus that habitat loss is the preeminent threat to biodiversity, the effects of fragmentation are contentious. Some argue that habitat fragmentation is not bad for biodiversity, and even that it is good. Generally, the studies that find no harm or positive outcomes of fragmentation invariably assume that it is independent of habitat loss. However, dissociating the effects of habitat fragmentation from habitat loss is questionable because the two are essentially coupled. Accordingly, we evaluated how forest area and fragmentation (via edge effects) influenced dung beetles per se, and through their effects on the abundance of mammals, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Dung beetles are very sensitive to forest habitat loss and fragmentation and to changes in the abundance of mammals on which they depend for dung. Our study area was in the Tana River, Kenya, where forest fragments are depauperated of mammals except for two endemic species of monkeys. We mapped 12 forests, counted the resident monkeys, and sampled 113,955 beetles from 288 plots. Most of the 87 species of beetles found were small tunnellers. After implementing a fully latent Structural Regression SEM, the optimal model explained a significant 26% of the variance in abundance, and 89% of diversity. The main drivers of beetle abundance were positive, direct, effects of forest area and number of monkeys, and negative edge effects. The main drivers of diversity were the direct effects of the beetle abundance, indirect effects of forest area and abundance of mammals, and indirect negative edge effects. Thus, forest area, fragmentation (via edge effects), and the number of monkeys jointly influenced the abundance and diversity of the beetles directly and indirectly.
Evaluating the physical habitat of riffle‐pool design in support of river habitat protection and rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Nan , Yang Ge , Bao Meixia , Kattel Giri , Li Pengcheng , Xi Yuqian , Yao Weiwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRiffle‐pool constructions are common practice in river management and fish conservation, but insufficient science exists to guide objective design of riffle‐pool. Understanding the spatial design of a riffle‐pool in river systems has significant value because it can provide important information to ameliorate aquatic species decline. In this study, six types of riffle‐pool structures were designed to assess hydrodynamic and riverbed morphology effects on stream habitat status. A two‐dimensional ecohydraulic model was used to assess the roles of different riffle‐pool designs in river habitat conditions. The natural flow condition and three types of flood flow conditions were applied to the six types of riffle‐pool structures to evaluate the habitat quality and the sustainability of the riffle‐pool design in mountain rivers. The long‐term impacts of the hydrodynamic and hydromorphology conditions on river physical habitat status were also analysed. The results indicate substantial differences in habitat quality among six riffle‐pool structures. It was found that narrow riffle‐pool construction yielded the best performance for the fish habitat, which had the best habitat quality among six riffle‐pool designs with the smallest pool area. In the same riffle‐pool structure, the habitat suitability in the riffle‐pool sequence will primarily increase more rapidly and then decrease gradually along with the discharge increase. Under the flood discharge scenarios, low flood discharge could improve riffle‐pool habitat quality, while high flood discharge could fragment the riffle‐pool habitat quality further. The long‐term hydrodynamic conditions have the same effects on all six cases. Overall, low discharge and smaller pool design would be beneficial to the river system, which could help maintain habitat diversity of mountain rivers. This analysis could provide valuable information for river management and decision‐making, which could assist in designing better mountain river habitats to promote conservation and rehabilitation of endangered biota.
Three Component Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐aminothiazoles under Transition‐Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Cheng Xi , Qin Da‐Bin , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn efficient three‐component synthesis of 4‐aryl‐2‐aminothiazoles was reported. Phenyl‐thioureas reacted with 2‐bromoacetophenones to form 4‐aryl‐2‐aminothiazoles through cyclization, and the subsequent C−N bonding with benzyl/allyl bromides gave the desired disubstituted thiazoles smoothly. The protocol features transition‐metal free, short reaction time, easily available starting materials, good yields and broad substrate scope, showing potential synthetic value for the synthesis of a variety of biologically or pharmaceutically active compounds.
Practical Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Pyrroles from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Phenacyl Azides
Authors: Borkotoky Lodsna , Maurya Ram Awatar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructurally diverse pyrroles were synthesized by direct coupling of α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes and phenacyl azides. The scope of the synthetic method was successfully demonstrated by synthesizing 28 different phenyl(5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methanones in high yields (87–95 %). Derivatization of a few synthesized pyrroles was demonstrated which shows the potential application of the developed protocol in new functional materials. To get a mechanistic insight of the reaction, a typical reaction was performed in a deuterated solvent and the progress of the reaction was monitored by recording its 1H NMR at regular time intervals.
Electrophoretic characterization of LNP/AAV‐encapsulated nucleic acids: Strengths and weaknesses
Authors: Hutanu Andrei , Ferreiro Miriam López , van Haasteren Joost , Höcker Oliver , Montealegre Cristina , Mäser Marina , Keresztfalvi Alex , Monti Jose , Schwarz Maria Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of nucleic acids (NAs) has revolutionized medical approaches and ushered in a new era of combating various diseases. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for accurate identification, localization, quantification, and characterization of NAs encapsulated in nonviral or viral vectors. The vast spectrum of molecular dimensions and intra‐ and intermolecular interactions presents a formidable obstacle for NA analytical development. Typically, the comprehensive analysis of encapsulated NAs, free NAs, and their spatial distribution poses a challenge that is seldom tackled in its complete complexity. The identification of appropriate physicochemical methodologies for large nonencapsulated or encapsulated NAs is particularly intricate and necessitates an evaluation of the analytical outcomes and their appropriateness in addressing critical quality attributes. In this work, we examine the analytics of non‐encapsulated or encapsulated large NAs (>500 nucleotides) utilizing capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies such as free zone CE, gel CE, affinity CE, and ion pair high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These methodologies create a complete picture of the NA's critical quality attributes, including quantity, identity, purity, and content ratio.
Impact of approval of home use of misoprostol in England on access to medical abortion: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Lewandowska Maria , Carter Daniel J. , Gasparrini Antonio , Lohr Patricia A. , Wellings Kaye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn 2018, the Department of Health and Social Care in England approved the use of misoprostol at home for early medical abortions, following administration of mifepristone at clinic. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of the approval of home administration of misoprostol in England on access to medical abortion, assessed through proxy measures of the proportion of all abortions that were medical and gestational age.MethodsThis study uses the clinical data from the British Pregnancy Advisory Service on abortions in England in years 2018–2019, containing demographic and procedure characteristics of patients. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to establish the differences before and after the approval in access to medical abortion, measured by the proportion of all abortions that were medical, and gestational age. The analysis also examined whether these changes were equitable, with focus on area‐level deprivation.ResultsThe analysis of the data (145 529 abortions) suggested that there was an increase in the proportion of medical abortions and decrease in gestational age of abortions after the approval. Compared with the situation if former trends had continued, the actual proportion of early medical abortions was 4.2% higher in December 2019, and the mean gestational age 3.4 days lower. We found that the acceleration of existing trends in increase in proportion of medical abortions and decrease in gestational age were larger in the most deprived quintiles and in those reporting a disability, but not equal across ethnic groups, with Black and Black British women experiencing little change in trajectories post‐approval.ConclusionThe approval of home use of misoprostol as part of an early medical abortion regimen in England was associated with material and equitable improvements in abortion access. Pre‐approval trends toward greater uptake of medical abortion and declining gestational age were accelerated post‐approval and were greatest in the most deprived areas of England, but not across all racial/ethnic groups. The present findings strongly support the continuation or introduction of home management of medical abortions.
Determination of tacrolimus in human whole blood in kidney transplant recipients using a rapid and specific LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Hieu Tran Ba , Dung Nguyen Manh , Toan Pham Quoc , Kien Truong Quy , Van Duc Nguyen , Thang Le Viet , Van Tran Pham , Hop Vu Quang , Phuong Nguyen Minh , Ben Nguyen Huu , Van Khoi Nguyen , Nghia Tran Trung , Dung Vu Dinh , Van Thinh Nguyen , Hang Dinh Thi Thu , Van Men Chu , Long Dao Duc , Su Hoang Xuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate an LC‐M/SMS method for the determination of tacrolimus in human whole blood.MethodThe LC–MS/MS method for the determination of tacrolimus in whole blood was developed and validated according to the guidelines. Concentrations of TAC in 100 kidney transplant patients measured by LC–MS/MS were compared with CMIA using correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThe method had a total chromatographic run time of 5 min. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.5–100.0 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL. The intra‐ and interday accuracy was within the range of 93.3%–109.2% and 96.0%–108.4%, respectively, with precision ranging from 0.8 to 9.4%. The mean extraction recoveries of TAC ranged from 102.6 to 107.8%. The mean concentrations of TAC in whole blood of kidney transplant patients measured by the two assays were different at 1, 3 months and all time points (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed at 6 months (p = 0.094). The correlation of data was good with the correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.7581, 0.8811, 0.8777, and 0.8077, respectively. Passing–Bablok regression analysis demonstrated good correlations with r2 values higher than 0.88 between TAC levels measured by LC–MS/MS and CMIA. Using Bland–Altman plots yielded average biases of 1.29, 0.79, 0.11, and 0.65 ng/mL at 1, 3, and 6 months and all time points.ConclusionThe LC–MS/MS method was validated for the accurate determination of TAC in human whole blood. The comparison of tacrolimus concentrations measured by the LC–MS/MS with CMIA showed a good correlation and agreement of two methods, suggesting LC–MS/MS should be used routinely to monitor TAC concentrations in kidney transplant patients.
Heterogeneity in the trajectories of psychological distress among late adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gouin Jean‐Philippe , de la Torre‐Luque Alejandro , Sánchez‐Carro Yolanda , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude , Essau Cecilia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has constrained opportunities in social, educational and professional domains, leading to developmental challenges for adolescents initiating their transition to adulthood. Meta‐analysis indicated that there was a small increase in psychological distress during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, significant heterogeneity in the psychological response to the COVID‐19 pandemic was noted. Developmental antecedents as well as social processes may account for such heterogeneity. The goal of this study was to characterize trajectories of psychological distress in late adolescence during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Methods5014 late adolescents born between 2000 and 2002 from the UK Millennium Cohort Study completed online self‐reported assessments at three occasions during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic (May 2020, September/October 2020 and February/March 2021). These surveys assessed psychological distress, loneliness, social support, family conflict, as well as other pandemic stressors. Information on developmental antecedents were obtained when cohort members were 17 years of age.ResultsFour distinct trajectories class were identified. Normative class (52.13%) experienced low and decreasing levels of psychological distress, while moderately increasing class (31.84%) experienced a small, but significant increase in distress over time and increasing class (8.75%) exhibited a larger increase in distress after the first wave of the pandemic. Inverted U‐shaped class (7.29%) experienced elevated psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic, followed by a decrease in distress in subsequent waves of the pandemic. Larger longitudinal increases in loneliness were noted among individuals in the elevated distress trajectory, compared to other trajectories. Pre‐pandemic psychopathology was associated with elevated distress early in the pandemic.ConclusionsThe largest trajectory showed low and declining psychological distress, highlighting the resilience of the majority of late adolescents. However, a subgroup of adolescents experienced large increases in psychological distress, identifying a group of individuals more vulnerable to pandemic‐related stress.
Critical gaps in understanding treatment outcomes in adolescents and young adults with lymphoma: A review of current data
Authors: Pophali Priyanka A. , Morton Lindsay M. , Parsons Susan K. , Hodgson David , Thanarajasingam Gita , Thompson Carrie , Habermann Thomas M. , Savage Kerry J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdolescents and young adults (AYA) with lymphoma experience treatment‐related effects in the short and long term that impact their quality of life and survivorship experience. The effort to improve outcomes for AYA lymphoma survivors requires understanding the available literature, identifying current knowledge deficits, designing better clinical trials incorporating the patient perspective, using novel tools to bridge data gaps and building survivorship guidelines that translate research to clinical practice. This review article summarizes the current state of lymphoma treatment‐related outcomes in AYAs and provides future direction.