bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure integration of extremely resource-constrained nodes on distributed ROS2 applications
Authors: Spilere Nandi Giann , Pereira David , Proença José , Tovar Eduardo , Rodriguez Antonio , Garrido Pablo 
Published: July 2023

Background: modern robots employ artificial intelligence algorithms in a broad ange of applications. These robots acquire information about their surroundings and use these highly-specialized algorithms to reason about their next actions. Despite their effectiveness, artificial intelligence algorithms are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks. This work focuses on mitigating attacks aimed at tampering with the communication channel between nodes running micro-ROS, which is an adaptation of the Robot Operating System (ROS) for extremely resource-constrained devices (usually assigned to collect information), and more robust nodes running ROS2, typically in charge of executing computationally costly tasks, like processing artificial intelligence algorithms. Methods: we followed the instructions described in the Data Distribution Service for Extremely Resource Constrained Environments (DDS-XRCE) specification on how to secure the communication between micro-ROS and ROS2 nodes and developed a custom communication transport that combines the application programming interface (API) provided by eProsima and the implementation of the Transport Security Layer version 1.3 (TLS 1.3) protocol developed by wolfSSL. Results: first, we present the first open-source transport layer based on TLS 1.3 to secure the communication between micro-ROS and ROS2 nodes, providing initial benchmarks that measure its temporal overhead. Second, we demystify how the DDS-XRCE and DDS Security specifications interact from a cybersecurity point of view. Conclusions: by providing a custom encrypted transport for micro-ROS and ROS2 applications to communicate, extremely resource-constrained devices can now participate in DDS environments without compromising the security, privacy, and authenticity of their message exchanges with ROS2 nodes. Initial benchmarks show that encrypted single-value messages present around 20% time overhead compared to the default non-encrypted micro-ROS transport. Finally, we presented an analysis of how the DDS-XRCE and DDS Security specifications relate to each other, providing insights not present in the literature that are crucial for further investigating the security characteristics of combining these specifications.
A scoping review of the methodological quality of research on mental health of healthcare professionals in low- and lower-middle income countries
Authors: Lohmann Julia , John Denny , Dzay Aso 
Published: July 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread awareness of health workers’ work realities and their mental health impacts, and corresponding unprecedented research effort. Reviews of the quantitative literature on mental health of clinical skilled healthcare personnel in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC), however, point at quality issues in the pre-pandemic literature. We used the evidence generated in the context of one pre-pandemic review to understand methodological strengths and weaknesses in detail, with the aim of distilling recommendations for future research. Methods: Our study used the literature identified in a systematic search from inception to the end of 2020, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. Following a scoping review approach, we extracted and charted data on key study characteristics as well as on study quality. In regard to the latter, we developed nine quality criteria on the basis of existing quality checklists, but expanding on issues of particular relevance to the measurement and interpretation of levels of mental health or illness. We collated the charted data in descriptive fashion. Results: We included data from 152 studies, which assessed a range of mental health outcomes, although most burnout. Most studies were conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. We judged only 20% of studies as of high quality due to shortcomings particularly regarding sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. Conclusion: We conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the body of literature up to the end of 2020 due to narrow study focus on specific settings and strong limitations in quality. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019140036.
Taxing the Rich to Finance Redistribution: Evidence from a Permanent Tax Increase in Singapore
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Qian Wenlan , Yeung Bernard , Zheng Huanhuan 
Published: July 2023

Based on a representative sample of consumer financial transaction data, this paper studies the consumption and savings response to a 2015 permanent increase in the marginal income tax of the high-income taxpayers. Using difference-in-differences regressions, controlling for individual and time fixed effects, we show robust results that the affected consumers experienced little change in their spending. The pattern is prevalent across consumer demographics and is found even among consumers who are sophisticated, have high levels of debt, or register little income changes. Furthermore, the tax increase financed fiscal redistribution leads to a long-lasting increase in the consumption of the lower-income population. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Social Science Research Thematic Grant in Singapore [Future-Proofing Singapore: An Economic Approach MOE2019-SSRTG-024]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4823 .
Nutritional Assessment of Preschool Children Inhabiting at High Geographical Altitude in the Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Pacheco Agüero Rosario Elizabeth , Araya Franco Exequiel , Lomaglio Delia Beatriz 
Published: July 2023

The growth and development of children are profoundly influenced by dietary habits, lifestyles, and environmental factors, which begin to shape early in ontogeny. In high-altitude populations, geographical stressors, such as permanent hypoxia, add further complexity and cannot be modified by human intervention. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of preschoolers in a high-altitude area of northwestern Argentina.
A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in 59 children aged 4 and 5 years from the towns of El Peñón and Antofagasta de la Sierra (3320 masl), Antofagasta de la Sierra department, Catamarca, Argentina. Anthropometric measurements, including weight (W), height (H), waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and tricipital (T) and subscapular (S) skinfolds. Various indices and indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapular tricipital index (STI), and upper arm fat (UFA) and muscle area (UMA), were calculated. Additionally, the ratios of W/H, H/A (H for age), and BMI/A (BMI for age) were determined. Abdominal obesity was assessed using WHtR, and fat distribution was analyzed using STI. Protein and caloric reserves were estimated based on UMA and UFA, respectively.
The study revealed a low prevalence of low weight (3.7%) but a high prevalence of overweight (20.3%) and obesity (3.4%) among the evaluated preschool children. Notably, 30.0% of overweight children and 16.0% of normal weight children exhibited centralized fat distribution. Abdominal obesity was observed in 90.0% of overweight children and 42.2% of normal weight children. Stunting was also observed in 8.5% of the individuals. Additionally, a considerable prevalence of low caloric and protein reserves was identified.
These findings confirm the coexistence of deficit and excess malnutrition states, indicating a double burden of malnutrition, among the preschoolers of Antofagasta de la Sierra. Moreover, the study highlights the accumulation and distribution of abdominal and centralized fat as significant concerns in this population.
Transient light shift register mechanism of bi-chromatic pulse generation
Authors: Nyushkov Boris , Ivanenko Aleksey , Smirnov Sergey , Turitsyn Sergey 
Published: July 2023

Primary methods for generating short pulses in lasers require intracavity elements or physical mechanisms for modulation or the saturable absorption of radiation. This often complicates laser design and limits capabilities, particularly beyond single-wavelength operation. We propose and explore a method for the synchronous generation of bicolor, high-repetition-rate pulses that combines stimulated emission from Yb rare-earth ions and Raman scattering in a shared all-fiber laser cavity, without employing saturable absorbers or modulators. The proposed mechanism for pulsed lasing is analogous to an optical shift register, with two pulse trains shifting relative to each other by one period after every round trip. This naturally solves the critical problem of compensating for the dispersion-induced differential delay of bi-chromatic pulses during an intracavity round trip. The shift register inherently enables stationary generation of bi-chromatic pulses with a common relatively high repetition rate that is inversely proportional to the differential delay. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed technique through the stable generation of sub-nanosecond bi-chromatic (1066 and 1241 nm) pulses with a repetition rate exceeding 166 MHz. The proposed approach is rather general, and we anticipate that it can facilitate more affordable bi-chromatic pulse generation in a variety of laser systems.
Dengue seroprevalence study in Bali
Authors: Masyeni Sri , Fatawy Rois Muqsith , Paramasatiari A. A. A. L. , Maheraditya Ananda , Dewi Ratna Kartika , Winianti N. W. , Santosa Agus , Setiabudy Marta , Sumadewi Nyoman Trisna , Herawati Sianny 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from asymptomatic to severe dengue manifestations. This serological survey highlighted the high incidence of asymptomatic cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue in healthy and ill adults in Bali.

Methods
Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed between July 2020 and June 2021 among healthy and ill adults in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected urban sites in Denpasar. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the dengue virus were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results
Overall, the dengue seroprevalence rate among the 539 clinically healthy and ill adults was high (85.5%). The median age was 34.1 (18–86.1). Most of the participants in the study were younger than 40 years (61.2%). Men were the dominant sex (54.5%). The study found a significant association between dengue seropositivity among people aged > 40 years and healthy status (p = 0.005; odds ratio [OR] = 0.459 and p < 0.001; OR = 0.336, respectively). The study reported that as many as 60% of the subjects had a history of previously suspected dengue infection. This study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue patients requiring better assessment with a serological test.

Conclusion
The current study highlighted that real cases of dengue infection may be higher than reported, with a high prevalence of dengue seropositivity and a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides physicians to be aware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevent the spread of the disease.
Projected cancer burden, challenges, and barriers to cancer prevention and control activities in the state of Telangana
Authors: Mahajan Hemant , Reddy Neha , Devi N. G. Marina , Poli Usha Rani , Jayaram M , Tetali Shailaja , Murthy G. V. S. ,   on behalf of the Telangana Cancer Control Study Group
Published: July 2023

Background and aim
The Telangana cancer care program is a proactive, comprehensive initiative encompassing infrastructure development, human resource skilling and ensuring financial protection to those below poverty line. The broad aim of this exercise was to identify modalities to augment the Telangana State Cancer Control Plan to implement a sustainable comprehensive cancer care model for Telangana.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews of stakeholders (17 patients and 25 health care providers) to identify barriers and challenges to access existing cancer care system in Telangana; calculated the magnitude of cancer and commensurate workload (in terms of visits to tertiary cancer care system for cancer management and human and equipment requirement) for the next 15 years (from 2022 to 2037). Using the anecdotal evidence and information from stakeholders’ interviews, we developed patient-journey funnels for oral, breast, and cervical cancer patients to highlight patient leakages at various levels of cancer care.

Results
We estimated a 13%, 28%, and 44.7% increase in the number of new cancer cases and the resultant workload (number of visits to health care centre, chemotherapy sessions, radiotherapy sessions, surgeries, specialized human resources and equipment), for the year 2027, 2032, and 2037, respectively, compared to the year 2022. The stakeholders mentioned ‘delayed access’ to healthcare system as the main reason for the poor prognosis of patients. The common reasons cited for ‘delayed access’ were: poor cancer-literacy including prevailing myths and misconception, financial barriers, and rural residence. The patient journey funnel for cancer care revealed a major leakage from ‘screened-positive’ to ‘diagnosis confirmation’ step. The estimated patient leakage varied from ~70% to 90% from ‘screened-positive’ till ‘treatment completion’.

Conclusion
In this study, we anticipated a steady increase in the number of new cancers cases and resultant workload for the state of Telangana from the year 2022 to 2037. This may further be accompanied with limited access or utilization of cancer care system. To manage this public health issue, government should take appropriate measures to improve cancer literacy at the community level as well as increase human resources and necessary equipment.
Identifying multivariate disease trajectories and potential phenotypes of early knee osteoarthritis in the CHECK cohort
Authors: Altamirano Sara , Jansen Mylène P. , Oberski Daniel L. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , van Spil Willem E. , Welsing Paco M. J. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To gain better understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) heterogeneity and its predictors for distinguishing OA phenotypes. This could provide the opportunity to tailor prevention and treatment strategies and thus improve care.

Design
Ten year follow-up data from CHECK (1002 early-OA subjects with first general practitioner visit for complaints ≤6 months before inclusion) was used. Data were collected on WOMAC (pain, function, stiffness), quantitative radiographic tibiofemoral (TF) OA characteristics, and semi-quantitative radiographic patellofemoral (PF) OA characteristics. Using functional data analysis, distinctive sets of trajectories were identified for WOMAC, TF and PF characteristics, based on model fit and clinical interpretation. The probabilities of knee membership to each trajectory were used in hierarchical cluster analyses to derive knee OA phenotypes. The number and composition of potential phenotypes was selected again based on model fit (silhouette score) and clinical interpretation.

Results
Five trajectories representing different constant levels or changing WOMAC scores were identified. For TF and PF OA, eight and six trajectories respectively were identified based on (changes in) joint space narrowing, osteophytes and sclerosis. Combining the probabilities of knees belonging to these different trajectories resulted in six clusters (‘phenotypes’) of knees with different degrees of functional (WOMAC) and radiographic (PF) parameters; TF parameters were found not to significantly contribute to clustering. Including baseline characteristics as well resulted in eight clusters of knees, dominated by sex, menopausal status and WOMAC scores, with only limited contribution of PF features.

Conclusions
Several stable and progressive trajectories of OA symptoms and radiographic features were identified, resulting in phenotypes with relatively independent symptomatic and radiographic features. Sex and menopausal status may be especially important when phenotyping knee OA patients, while radiographic features contributed less. Possible phenotypes were identified that, after validation, could aid personalized treatments and patients selection.
Which method is optimal for estimating variance components and their variability in generalizability theory? evidence form a set of unified rules for bootstrap method
Authors: Li Guangming 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the four estimation methods (traditional method, jackknife method, bootstrap method, and MCMC method), find the optimal one, and make a set of unified rules for Bootstrap.MethodsBased on four types of simulated data (normal, dichotomous, polytomous, and skewed data), this study estimates and compares the estimated variance components and their variability of the four estimation methods when using ap×idesign in generalizability theory. The estimated variance components are vc.p, vc.i and vc.pi and the variability of estimated variance components are their estimated standard errors (SE(vc.p), SE(vc.i) and SE(vc.pi)) and confidence intervals (CI(vc.p), CI(vc.i) and CI(vc.pi)).ResultsFor the normal data, all the four methods can accurately estimate the variance components and their variability. For the dichotomous data, the |RPB| of SE (vc.i) of traditional method is 128.5714, the |RPB| of SE (vc.i), SE (vc.pi) and CI (vc.i) of jackknife method are 42.8571, 43.6893 and 40.5000, which are larger than 25 and not accurate. For the polytomous data, the |RPB| of SE (vc.i) and CI (vc.i) of MCMC method are 59.6612 and 45.2500, which are larger than 25 and not accurate. For the skewed data, the |RPB| of SE (vc.p), SE (vc.i) and SE (vc. pi) of traditional method and MCMC method are over 25, which are not accurate. Only the bootstrap method can estimate variance components and their variability accurately across different data distribution. Nonetheless, the divide-and-conquer strategy must be used when adopting the bootstrap method.ConclusionsThe bootstrap method is optimal among the four methods and shows the cross-distribution superiority over the other three methods. However, a set of unified rules for the divide-and-conquer strategy need to be recommended for the bootstrap method, which is optimal when boot-p forp(person), boot-pi fori(item), and boot-i forpi(person × item).
Prevalence of immunomodulator use as combination therapy with vedolizumab or ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lutz Megan , Caldera Freddy , Schroeder Katie , Gazis Derek , Crawford Julie M. , Long Millie D. , Barnes Edward L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The benefit of adding an immunomodulator to vedolizumab and ustekinumab remains unclear and may compromise the safety of these biologics. We evaluated prevalence and predictors of immunomodulator use with vedolizumab or ustekinumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a large longitudinal cohort.

Methods:
Clinical information was ascertained from electronic medical records of patients enrolled in TARGET-IBD, a prospective longitudinal observational cohort of patients with IBD at 34 sites. Prevalence of immunomodulator use with vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and anti-TNFs as well as predictors of immunomodulator use with vedolizumab and ustekinumab were estimated. Rates of combination therapy were additionally stratified by time from drug approval.

Results:
4039 adults with IBD were identified, of whom 18.8% were treated with vedolizumab and 13.0% were treated with ustekinumab. Combination therapy with vedolizumab and ustekinumab exceeded 30% (30.7% and 36.2%, respectively) and was more likely in those with perianal disease or previous biologic exposure. Age and presence of extra-intestinal manifestations did not consistently predict use of an immunomodulator. Combination therapy decreased in the years following drug approval.

Discussion:
Combination therapy with vedolizumab or ustekinumab was common and was associated with perianal disease and greater exposure to other biologics, although the practice is decreasing with time. Further data are needed to determine efficacy and safety of combination therapy in patients initiating vedolizumab or ustekinumab for IBD.
Listening to CLIL Practitioners
Authors: McDougald Jermaine S. , Duarte Gómez Daniela , Quesada Gutiérrez Laura Susana , Sánchez Córdoba Félix Gonzalo 
Published: July 2023

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an educational approach that combines linguistic and subject-based learning to develop the necessary competencies for success in a globalized world. A mixed-method study researched how CLIL is implemented in (10) K-11 schools in Bogota, Colombia, collecting data from 121 in-service teachers in private schools using an array of instruments, such as surveys, structured interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Using the grounded theory approach, data analysis showed that the participants had limited awareness of the CLIL approach and principles. Accordingly, the findings revealed that there is a need for more focus on fundamental CLIL concepts and more formalized teacher training programs. Furthermore, context-orientated resources also emerged as a priority amongst participants, considering that schools were merely trying to replicate European models of delivering CLIL without clear adaptations or consideration for the voices of local teachers. As a result, bilingual schools in Bogota, which are more inclined to use CLIL-oriented approaches, should establish a network to facilitate CLIL training programs to equip in-service teachers who are immersed in content and language environments.