bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulatory cytokines during the piroplasm stage of natural Theileria annulata infection in cattle
Authors: Tümer Kenan Çağrı , Kızıl Meltem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokine response from a broad perspective in cattle with natural Theileria annulata infection. Ten cattle naturally infected with T. annulata and eight healthy cattle were included in this study. A total of 11 cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, and IL‐17 were evaluated in serum samples using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. There was no statistical significance for serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6, and IL‐17 levels between the T. annulata infected and healthy cattle. In contrast, the median serum levels of IFN‐γ (p = .023), IL‐2 (p = .066), IL4 (p = .0016), IL‐10 (p = .00087), IL‐12 (p = .00018), and IL‐13 (p = .023) were significantly higher in T. annulata‐infected cattle than in healthy cattle. The results of the present study revealed that in the intraerythrocytic stage of tropical theileriosis, a very pronounced anti‐inflammatory response occurs as well as an ongoing inflammatory process.
Translation and cultural adaption of the emergency department—consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (ED CAPHS)—A questionnaire to measure patient experience in Denmark
Authors: Abrahamsen Charlotte , Jensen Charlotte Myhre , Elkjær Mette , Østervang Christina , Knudsen Bettina Mølri , Jensen Signe Steenstrup , Moos Caroline , Viberg Bjarke , Mogensen Christian Backer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt The Emergency Department—Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ED CAPHS) to the Danish ED context.BackgroundIn Denmark, a large number of patients attend emergency departments (ED) every year. During their ED visits, examinations, tests and encounters with different healthcare professionals occur frequently. Moreover, patients receive much information. Patients' direct experiences of care can provide valuable insights into what works and what does not in health care. The emergency department—consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (ED CAPHS) is a valid questionnaire designed to measure patients' experiences with ED care and is intended for patients discharged home following their ED visit.MethodThe translation process was systematically planned and executed using the principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) guidelines by the ISPOR.ResultsThe translation and cultural adaption process were successfully conducted. Three items concerning language and race were omitted as they are not distinct in Danish ED context. Furthermore, a few conceptual factors and linguistic challenges were discussed and harmonised during the reconciliation and harmonisation process respectively. The Danish survey ED CAPHS DK containing 32 items was proofread and finalised.ConclusionOverall, patients reported that the survey was relevant and comprehensive, as it focused on essential factors when discharged directly home after an ED admission. ED CAPHS DK is found to be content valid and ready for use. However, a future study testing the Danish version using confirmative factor analysis and internal consistency reliability is needed to ensure construct validity and reliability.
Subgenome‐dominant expression and alternative splicing in response to Sclerotinia infection in polyploid Brassica napus and progenitors
Authors: de Jong Grant W. , Adams Keith L. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYPolyploidy has played an extensive role in the evolution of flowering plants. Allopolyploids, with subgenomes containing duplicated gene pairs called homeologs, can show rapid transcriptome changes including novel alternative splicing (AS) patterns. The extent to which abiotic stress modulates AS of homeologs is a nascent topic in polyploidy research. We subjected both resynthesized and natural lines of polyploid Brassica napus, along with the progenitors Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, to infection with the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. RNA‐sequencing analyses revealed widespread divergence between polyploid subgenomes in both gene expression and AS patterns. Resynthesized B. napus displayed significantly more A and C subgenome biased homeologs under pathogen infection than during uninfected growth. Differential AS (DAS) in response to infection was highest in natural B. napus (12 709 DAS events) and lower in resynthesized B. napus (8863 DAS events). Natural B. napus had more upregulated events and fewer downregulated events. There was a global expression bias towards the B. oleracea‐derived (C) subgenome in both resynthesized and natural B. napus, enhanced by widespread non‐parental downregulation of the B. rapa‐derived (A) homeolog. In the resynthesized B. napus, this resulted in a disproportionate C subgenome contribution to the pathogen defense response, characterized by biases in both transcript expression levels and the proportion of induced genes. Our results elucidate the complex ways in which Sclerotinia infection affects expression and AS of homeologous genes in resynthesized and natural B. napus.
Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers
Authors: Clements Ewan , Ehrmann Fabian , Clark Andrew , Jones Mark , McCall Alan , Duffield Rob 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers. Methods: Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models. Results: For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%–18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings. Conclusions: Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.
Can foodborne illness estimates from different countries be legitimately compared?: case study of rates in the UK compared with Australia, Canada and USA
Authors: Holland Darren , Clifford Robin , Mahmoudzadeh Nazmina , O'Brien Sarah , Poppy Guy , Meredith Zebulah , Grantham-Hill Harry 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveMathematical models have gained traction when estimating cases of foodborne illness. Model structures vary due to differences in data availability. This begs the question as to whether differences in foodborne illness rates internationally are real or due to differences in modelling approaches.Difficulties in comparing illness rates have come into focus with COVID-19 infection rates being contrasted between countries. Furthermore, with post-EU Exit trade talks ongoing, being able to understand and compare foodborne illness rates internationally is a vital part of risk assessments related to trade in food commodities.DesignWe compared foodborne illness estimates for the United Kingdom (UK) with those from Australia, Canada and the USA. We then undertook sensitivity analysis, by recreating the mathematical models used in each country, to understand the impact of some of the key differences in approach and to enable more like-for-like comparisons.ResultsPublished estimates of overall foodborne illness rates in the UK were lower than the other countries. However, when UK estimates were adjusted to a more like-for-like approach to the other countries, differences were smaller and often had overlapping credible intervals. When comparing rates by specific pathogens, there were fewer differences between countries. The few large differences found, such as virus rates in Canada, could at least partly be traced to methodological differences.ConclusionFoodborne illness estimation models are country specific, making international comparisons problematic. Some of the disparities in estimated rates between countries can be shown to be attributed to differences in methodology rather than real differences in risk.
An in-depth review of the UNICEF NutriDash platform, lessons learnt and future perspectives: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Swift Bethan , Imohe Annette , Perez Cristina H , Mwirigi Louise 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesRobust data on nutrition are essential to realise the right to nutrition for every child. Created in 2009, UNICEF’s Nutrition Dashboard (NutriDash) collects nutrition programme information from 125 countries. An in-depth review of NutriDash was conducted to understand its strengths and identify key actions to increase its effectiveness and efficiency.MethodsAdapting the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, a mixed-methods approach was used. A questionnaire was designed to capture information on key attributes of NutriDash and disseminated to UNICEF country offices for quantitative feedback on user experiences. Structured key informant interviews were held with internal and external stakeholders to gain qualitative perceptions on data generated from NutriDash. Analysis involved producing frequency distributions for the questionnaire data and performing thematic analyses on interview data.ResultsA total of 53 respondents completed the questionnaire (42% response rate), representing 48 countries and good regional geographic representation. Most respondents (96%) worked in UNICEF country offices. The percentages of participants who agreed or strongly agreed with each attribute of the NutriDash system were as follows: acceptability: 71%, stability: 68%, simplicity; 63%, data quality: 60%, flexibility: 58% and usefulness: 43%. Internal and external stakeholders commented on the value of NutriDash; its use ranging from nutrition global trend monitoring for programme planning to producing reports and dashboards. Key themes derived from this review as areas for improvement included communication, access to data and data quality.ConclusionsThis review has identified key themes that will inform improvements to NutriDash and form a baseline for future periodic reviews to continuously enhance the system to improve availability of timely quality nutrition programme data. UNICEF will continue to engage with countries, key partners and governments to improve the NutriDash data value chain and ensure the right to nutrition for every child.
People’s willingness to use COVID-19 self-testing in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Folayan Morenike , Shilton Sonjelle , Undelikwo Veronica , Alaba Oluwatoyin , Amusan Ranmilowo , Ibrahim Mustapha , Ogbozor Pamela Adaobi , Mojisola Oluyide , Batheja Deepshikha , Banerji Abhik , Ivanova Reipold Elena , Martínez-Pérez Guillermo Z 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesNigeria has been badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the poor testing coverage in the country may make controlling the spread of COVID-19 challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the general public’s acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 self-testing as an approach which could help to address this gap.SettingA household-based survey was conducted in five urban and five rural local government areas in the states of Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Benue, Kaduna and Lagos, in mid-2021.Participants2126 respondents (969 were female) participated. A five-pronged, probabilistic sampling approach was used to recruit individuals older than 17 years and available to participate when randomly approached in their households by the surveyors. A 35-item questionnaire was used to collect data on their values towards SARS-CoV-2 self-testing. Primary outcomes were: likelihood to use a self-test; willingness to pay for a self-test; and likely actions following a reactive self-test result.ResultsOf the total 2126 respondents, 14 (0.66%) were aware of COVID-19 self-testing, 1738 (81.80%) agreed with the idea of people being able to self-test for COVID-19, 1786 (84.05%) were likely/very likely to use self-tests if available, 1931 (90.87%) would report a positive result and 1875 (88.28%) would isolate if they self-tested positive. Factors significantly associated with the use of a self-test were having a college education or higher (adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.33), full-time employment (AOR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.63), feeling at moderate/high risk of COVID-19 (AOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.70 to 3.47) and presence of individuals at risk of COVID-19 within the household (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.78).ConclusionA majority of Nigerians agree with the concept of COVID-19 self-testing and would act to protect public health on self-testing positive. Self-test implementation research is necessary to frame how acceptability impacts uptake of preventive behaviours following a positive and a negative self-test result.
Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and cystatin C for acute kidney injury detection in critically ill adults in China: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Deng Jia , He Linling , Liang Yufan , Hu Linhui , Xu Jing , Fang Heng , Li Ying , Chen Chunbo 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveSerum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cystatin C (sCysC) are available clinically and beneficial in diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI). Our purpose is to identify the performance of their combined diagnosis for AKI in critically ill patients.DesignA prospectively recruited, observational study was performed.SettingAdults admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in China.ParticipantsA total of 1222 critically ill patients were enrolled in the study.Main outcome measuresTo identify the performance of the combined diagnosis of serum NT-proBNP and sCysC for AKI in critically ill patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), category-free net reclassification index (NRI) and incremental discrimination improvement (IDI) were utilised for comparing the discriminative powers of a combined and single biomarker adjusted model of clinical variables enriched with NT-proBNP and sCysC for AKI.ResultsAKI was detected in 256 out of 1222 included patients (20.9%). AUC-ROC for NT-proBNP and sCysC to detect AKI had a significantly higher accuracy than any individual biomarker (p<0.05). After multivariate adjustment, a level of serum NT-proBNP ≥204 pg/mL was associated with 3.5-fold higher odds for AKI compared with those below the cut-off value. Similar results were obtained for sCysC levels (p<0.001). To detect AKI, adding NT-proBNP and sCysC to a clinical model further increased the AUC-ROC to 0.859 beyond that of the clinical model with or without sCysC (p<0.05). Moreover, the addition of these two to the clinical model significantly improved risk reclassification of AKI beyond that of the clinical model alone or with single biomarker (p<0.05), as measured by NRI and IDI.ConclusionsIn critically ill individuals, serum NT-proBNP, sCysC and clinical risk factors combination improve the discriminative power for diagnosing AKI.
Systematic estimates of the global, regional and national under-5 mortality burden attributable to birth defects in 2000–2019: a summary of findings from the 2020 WHO estimates
Authors: Perin Jamie , Mai Cara T , De Costa Ayesha , Strong Kathleen , Diaz Theresa , Blencowe Hannah , Berry Robert J , Williams Jennifer L , Liu Li 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the potential for bias in the estimate of under-5 mortality due to birth defects recently produced by the WHO and the Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation research group.DesignSystematic analysis.MethodsWe examined the estimated number of under-5 deaths due to birth defects, the birth defect specific under-5 mortality rate, and the per cent of under-5 mortality due to birth defects, by geographic region, national income and under-5 mortality rate for three age groups from 2000 to 2019.ResultsThe under-5 deaths per 1000 live births from birth defects fell from 3.4 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.1–3.8) in 2000 to 2.9 (UI 2.6–3.3) in 2019. The per cent of all under-5 mortality attributable to birth defects increased from 4.6% (UI 4.1%–5.1%) in 2000 to 7.6% (UI 6.9%–8.6%) in 2019. There is significant variability in mortality due to birth defects by national income level. In 2019, the under-5 mortality rate due to birth defects was less in high-income countries than in low-income and middle-income countries, 1.3 (UI 1.2–1.3) and 3.0 (UI 2.8–3.4) per 1000 live births, respectively. These mortality rates correspond to 27.7% (UI 26.6%–28.8%) of all under-5 mortality in high-income countries being due to birth defects, and 7.4% (UI 6.7%–8.2%) in low-income and middle-income countries.ConclusionsWhile the under-5 mortality due to birth defects is declining, the per cent of under-5 mortality attributable to birth defects has increased, with significant variability across regions globally. The estimates in low-income and middle-income countries are likely underestimated due to the nature of the WHO estimates, which are based in part on verbal autopsy studies and should be taken as a minimum estimate. Given these limitations, comprehensive and systematic estimates of the mortality burden due to birth defects are needed to estimate the actual burden.
Implementing complex interventions to mitigate burnout among qualified healthcare professionals: a realist review protocol
Authors: Figueiredo Sabrina , Koch Ulrich , Oliveira Eliezer , Ennis-Durstine Kathleen 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionReported burnout rates among qualified healthcare professionals (QHP) are alarming. Systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of burnout interventions for QHP exist; however, findings are contradictory. In addition, to date, there is no indication of how these interventions work and what specific intervention elements mitigate burnout. This review aims to explain how burnout interventions work and the contextual factors that mediate the intended outcomes. Our ultimate goal is to formulate actionable recommendations to guide the implementation of complex burnout interventions for QHP working in the hospital setting.Methods and analysisIn light of the heterogeneity and complexity of the interventions designed to address burnout, we will conduct a realist review using Pawson’s five iterative stages to explore and explain how burnout interventions work, for whom, and in what circumstances. We will search PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science from inception to December 2022. Grey literature sources will also be considered. The results will be reported according to the Realist and Meta-Narrative Evidence Syntheses—Evolving Standards quality and publication standardsEthics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and through the development of infographics and relevant educational material to be shared with stakeholders and key institutions. This study is a secondary data analysis; thus, a formal ethics review is not applicable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021293154.
Variation in quality of care by medical institute level in China: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Quan , Tu Xi , Fu Yaqun , Zhang Jiawei , Wei Xia , Zhu Zheng , Wang Ting , Yang Li 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionQuality variation has been widely witnessed and discussed in China. However, limited evidence reveals quality gaps by the medical institute level, especially between hospitals and primary care institutes. This systematic review will synthesise the available evidence on quality variation between medical institutes at different levels in China. By adopting a quality framework, we will also explore the detailed domains (structure, process and outcomes) and dimensions (safety, effectiveness, timeliness, patient-centredness, efficiency, integration and equity) of quality gaps.Methods and analysisAn extensive literature search will be conducted on eight key electronic databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WANFANG database. The Grey Matter Checklist will be used to screen relevant grey literature. The publication time limit should be before 31 December 2022 when we plan to conduct a literature search. All kinds of studies that revealed the quality difference between medical institutes at different levels will be included, no matter if quality improvement intervention is involved. All quality measures and indicators will be recorded and sorted into appropriate domains and dimensions. For those studies that took the completion rate of standard operations to assess the quality, we will also record the name of the clinical pathways, guidelines or checklists used. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment process. A narrative or quantitative synthesis will be performed based on the available data.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not applicable. The results of this study will be submitted to a widely accepted peer-review journal. The findings will also be used to inform administration about quality gaps by different medical institute levels and, therefore, help them to design policies that will minimise the quality variation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022345933.
Beam test results of 25 and 35 $$\mu$$m thick FBK ultra-fast silicon detectors
Authors: Carnesecchi F. , Strazzi S. , Alici A. , Arcidiacono R. , Borghi G. , Boscardin M. , Cartiglia N. , Centis Vignali M. , Cavazza D. , Dalla Betta G. -F. , Durando S. , Ferrero M. , Ficorella F. , Ali O. Hammad , Mandurrino M. , Margotti A. , Menzio L. , Nania R. , Pancheri L. , Paternoster G. , Scioli G. , Siviero F. , Sola V. , Tornago M. , Vignola G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the measurements on first very thin Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors (UFSDs) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler; the data have been collected in a beam test setup at the CERN PS, using beam with a momentum of 12 GeV/c. UFSDs with a nominal thickness of 25 and 35 $$\mu$$
μ
m and an area of 1 $$\times$$
×
1 $$\text {mm}^2$$

mm
2

have been considered, together with an additional HPK 50-$$\mu$$
μ
m thick sensor, taken as reference. Their timing performances have been studied as a function of the applied voltage and gain. A time resolution of about 25 ps and of 22 ps at a voltage of 120 and 240 V has been obtained for the 25 and 35 $$\mu$$
μ
m thick UFSDs, respectively.