bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric Study Evaluating the Potential for Hindfoot Endoscopy and Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendoscopy Using a 1.9-mm Diameter Needle Arthroscope
Authors: Shimozono Yoshiharu , Arai Ryuzo , Kuroda Yutaka , Ito Hiromu , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: January 2025

Background: Hindfoot endoscopy is an effective treatment for posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon disorders. However, FHL tendoscopy, especially from the posteromedial portal, carries a risk of tibial nerve damage. A needle-arthroscopic system with a 1.9-mm-diameter arthroscope, a semirigid frame, and a 0-degree direction of view has been introduced. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this system in visualizing and reaching significant structures in hindfoot endoscopy and FHL tendoscopy through the posteromedial and posterolateral portals using a cadaveric model. Methods: The 1.9-mm-diameter arthroscopic system (NanoScope, Arthrex) was used to perform hindfoot endoscopy in 6 human donor ankles (3 pairs). The arthroscope tube is 9.5 cm long, semirigid, and has an outer diameter of 1.9 mm, a 0-degree direction of view, and a 120-degree field of view. Posteromedial and posterolateral portals were established. Visualization and operative reach were recorded, including the posterolateral talar process, posterior talofibular ligament, intermalleolar ligament, subtalar joint, and FHL tendon. The neurovascular bundle and FHL tendon were examined for kinks or damage. Results: All significant structures were successfully visualized in all specimens. The wide 120-degree field of view facilitated adequate visualization of all structures. In all specimens, the FHL tendon was visualized from the ankle joint to the knot of Henry (zones 1 and 2), and the flexor digitorum longus tendon was observed via both portals. There were no signs of neurovascular damage from either the posterolateral or posteromedial portals. Conclusion: In this cadaver experiment without known pathology, use of a 1.9-mm-diameter needle-arthroscopy with a 0-degree direction of view provided effective visualization of all significant structures in treating PAIS and FHL tendon disorders. It appears that FHL tendoscopy can be performed from the level of the ankle joint to the knot of Henry via both the posterolateral and posteromedial portals.
A qualitative systematic review of umbilical cord care practices in Nigeria
Authors: Anyakorah Precious Ebube , Aguna Florence Chinelo , Innocent David Chinaecherem , Uwandu-Uzoma Anthony Chinonso , Ekeleme Uzochukwu Godswill , Obasi Chidera Chisom , Eneh Stanley Chinedu , Ahunam Chidinma Peace , Dike Ihuoma Chimdimma , Maduekwe Vivian Chidimma , Ayando Oluwaseunayo Deborah , Duruji Chinazaekpere Oguguo , Innocent Rejoicing Chijindum , Uwaezuoke Princess Chidiebube , Adenuga Oluwafunmilayo Opeyemi , Emerole Chiagoziem Ogazirilem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Umbilical cord care is an important aspect of newborn health, and different practices exist around the world, often influenced by cultural, healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize current literature on umbilical cord care practices in Nigeria, with an emphasis on the impact of cultural beliefs, healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods
A comprehensive search for literature was performed across PubMED, MEDLINE and Google scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2023. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was followed for the execution of this study. Eligibility criteria included only English studies investigating umbilical cord care practices in Nigeria, with outcomes connected to cultural, healthcare, or socioeconomic factors. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to critically appraise the quality and rigor of selected studies. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies (qualitative and quantitative), qualitative narrative synthesis was used to synthesize the studies in a textual format for comprehensive understanding.

Results
A total of 11 included studies were found out of 1532 studies. The findings reveal a range of cord care practices, emphasizing the use of various methods such as methylated spirit, hot compresses, and indigenous substances. Cultural beliefs, a lack of healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic circumstances all have a big impact on cord care decisions. Disparities in knowledge and adherence to evidence-based procedures are noticeable, particularly in the use of chlorhexidine gel. Infections continue to be a problem, highlighting the significance of appropriate therapies.

Conclusion
This systematic review offers a comprehensive perspective of Nigerian umbilical cord care practices, emphasizing the importance of culturally responsive educational interventions, enhanced healthcare infrastructure, and targeted legislative measures. Despite its limitations, the study is an important resource for guiding future research, policy creation, and interventions to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes in Nigeria.
Tibial tubercle transfer SurgeRy and physiothErapy Versus physIotherapy only for chronic paTellofemorAL paIn: study protocol for a randomiSed controllEd trial (REVITALISE)
Authors: van de Ven Myrthe P. F. , Ophey Martin , van de Graaf Victor , van de Groes Sebastiaan A. W. , Sinkeldam Marijn , Wijers Charlotte H. W. , Koëter Sander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder resulting in anterior knee pain. Physiotherapy is the current standard treatment, while surgical intervention (tibial tubercle transfer [TTT]) is reserved for chronic cases when nonoperative treatment has failed. TTT can result in clinically meaningful improvement in patients with patellofemoral maltracking without instability. However, to date, no randomised controlled trials (RCT) have compared TTT combined with a physiotherapy (PT) programme to PT alone as the initial treatment for PFP.

Methods
A single-centre nonblinded RCT in 40 patients with chronic PFP (> 1 year) and tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) > 15 mm will be randomised to either TTT followed by PT or to PT alone in a 1:1 ratio in a concealed manner. The primary outcome is knee pain at 18 weeks for the TTT group (6 weeks splint phase + 12 weeks PT) and at 12 weeks for the PT group, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) using the Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) ‘Subjective Knee Form’, Tegner Activity score and EuroQol 5D-5 L for quality of life. Range of motion (ROM) is measured using the decline step-down test (DSDT). Between-group differences will be analysed using multivariable linear regression analysis, while longitudinal differences will be assessed with linear mixed models for repeated measures. The difference in direct medical costs will also be assessed.

Discussion
The REVITALISE study is the first randomised study to compare surgical intervention (TTT) followed by PT to PT alone in patients with chronic PFP. This study will generate level-1 evidence on the most effective treatment for chronic PFP, which can be integrated into the national guideline to aid orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists in their decision-making and ultimately improve our care for patients with chronic PFP.

Trial registration
Study Identifier NCT06227806, registered on 26 Jan 2024 on ClinicalTrials.gov. The study underwent independent peer review and received approval from the ethical review board (number NL80956.091.22).
Opioid-related harms and experiences of care among people in justice settings in New South Wales, Australia: evidence from the National Ambulance Surveillance System
Authors: Beard Naomi , McGrath Michael , Lai Harry M. X. , Wilson James , Hew Anthony , Labiano Amaya Muñoz , Lubman Dan I. , Ogeil Rowan P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
People in justice settings experience higher rates of psychiatric morbidity, including alcohol and drug use disorders, compared with the general population. However, our understanding of opioid-related harms in justice settings is limited. This study used ambulance data to examine opioid-related harms and experiences of care in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, during periods of incarceration or detention.

Methods
This mixed-methods study used data from the National Ambulance Surveillance System (NASS) for patients aged 18 and older with an opioid-related ambulance attendance between December 2020 and April 2023. People in justice settings were identified using ambulance billing codes and manual review of paramedic case notes. Descriptive statistics described the patterns and modalities of opioid-related harms in justice settings, and a qualitative thematic analysis of paramedic case notes was used to contextualise findings. Results Over the study period, 328 opioid-related ambulance attendances for people in justice settings were identified (51% heroin; 41% opioid agonist therapy (OAT) medication). Symptoms of opioid withdrawal were noted in 35% of attendances, most commonly for heroin (51%) and withdrawal from OAT medications (48%). Three interconnected themes were identified using qualitative analysis: trust and mistrust in justice settings, systemic barriers to providing OAT, and other harm reduction strategies, and experiences of withdrawal in justice settings.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the utility of ambulance data in identifying opioid-related harms for people in justice settings in NSW. Qualitative findings highlight current barriers to effective opioid care in justice settings and identify opportunities for intervention, including targeted harm reduction programs, as well as policies that promote continuity of care particularly during transitions in and out of justice settings.
Seismic Strength Evaluation of Corroded Reactor Containment Building
Authors: Azad Md Samdani , Nguyen Duy-Duan , Thusa Bidhek , Lee Tae-Hyung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the corrosion phenomenon on the seismic strength of a reactor containment building (RCB) in nuclear power plants (NPPs). A corrosion degradation model is proposed based on the rationale of NPP structures and applied to the reinforcements near the base mat of RCB. Three corrosion levels associated with the service life of the structure up to 60 years are considered in this study. Seven different cases are considered depending on the location of corrosion. A series of pushover analyses are performed to evaluate the seismic responses of the corroded RCB, considering all cases with different levels of damage due to corrosion. The results are obtained in terms of global responses, in which capacity curves, base shear at different limit states, demand–capacity ratios, and reserve strength ratios (RSR) are quantified. The findings of this study demonstrate that corrosion can cause a reduction in structural capacity in terms of base shear of up to 19.5% during its service life of 60 years and that is dependent on how the corrosion is propagated within RCB. The results also illustrate that corrosion in the elements in the tension zone increases the sensitivity of the responses subjected to seismic loads.
Psychotherapy boosting future risk research: the role of radical masculinities in social polarisation from a trauma-informed perspective
Authors: Tóth Erzsébet Fanni , Midor Kamila , Darabos Enikő 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the potential integration of trauma-informed practices and Critical Studies on Men and Masculinities (CSMM) into global and European risk research, with a focus on foresight methodologies. It explores how the complex interplay between untreated trauma, rapid resource loss, radicalisation, and rigid masculine norms can potentially escalate societal risks. The study argues for the adoption of a more holistic approach in risk assessment and future planning, incorporating insights from trauma studies, masculinity research, and psychotherapy. The paper discusses the value of participatory foresight methods in capturing diverse perspectives and lived experiences, particularly those affected by toxic masculinity and radicalisation. We highlight the importance of considering intersectionality and the compounded traumas that may arise from the interaction of extremist masculine norms with other social factors. Current findings suggest that including psychotherapy scientists and practitioners in risk research could provide valuable insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying trauma, meaning-making, and identity formation. By adopting this interdisciplinary approach, the paper proposes that risk researchers may develop more comprehensive and nuanced understandings of societal risks, leading to more effective strategies for addressing the complex challenges posed by radicalisation, radical masculinity/ies, and the associated traumas in an increasingly uncertain world.
Efficacy and safety of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation as adjunct treatment for cognitive improvement in major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized, multi-site clinical trial
Authors: Lee CW , Park K , Ahn JE , Jang Y , Park YS , Yu H , Lee D , Ihm HK , Lee J , Kim J , Lee YI , Lim S-E , Kwon SS , Park HY , Ha TH , Yoon I-Y , Myung Woojae , Baek Ji Hyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). This study evaluated its antidepressant and cognitive effects as a safe, effective, home-based therapy for MDD.

Methods
This double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized trial divided participants into low-intensity (1 mA, n = 47), high-intensity (2 mA, n = 49), and sham (n = 45) groups, receiving 42 daily tDCS sessions, including weekends and holidays, targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 30 minutes. Assessments were conducted at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 6. The primary outcome was cognitive improvement assessed by changes in total accuracy on the 2-back test from baseline to week 6. Secondary outcomes included changes in depressive symptoms (HAM-D), anxiety (HAM-A), and quality of life (QLES). Adverse events were monitored. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04709952).

Results
In the tDCS study, of 141 participants (102 [72.3%] women; mean age 35.7 years, standard deviation 12.7), 95 completed the trial. Mean changes in the total accuracy scores from baseline to week 6 were compared across the three groups using an F-test. Linear mixed-effects models examined the interaction of group and time. Results showed no significant differences among groups in cognitive or depressive outcomes at week 6. Active groups experienced more mild adverse events compared to sham but had similar rates of severe adverse events and dropout.

Conclusions
Home-based tDCS for MDD demonstrated no evidence of effectiveness but was safe and well-tolerated. Further research is needed to address the technical limitations, evaluate broader cognitive functions, and extend durations to evaluate its therapeutic potential.
Effect of Sodium-glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Songwei , Zhang Yueqi , Balati Abudunaibi , Li Bing , Dai Lei , Yu Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of increasing morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although insulin therapy is the cornerstone of T1DM, its difficult use and narrow therapeutic index make it difficult for patients to reach glycated hemoglobin targets, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the combination of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can likely improve or provide more cardiovascular benefits to patients with T1DM.

Methods
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase up to June 30, 2024. The data from eligible trials were summarized as mean difference (MD) and SD for continuous methods and 95% CI and risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous approaches.

Results
There were 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, SGLT2i significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin levels (MD: −0.40%, 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.36; P &lt; .00001, I2 = 37%), and body weight (MD: −3.31 kg, 95% CI, −3.67 to −2.96; P &lt; .00001, I2 = 70%) in insulin-using patients with T1DM, and did not significantly increase the risk of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia. It should be noted that SGLT2i significantly increased the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis acidosis (RR: 4.45, 95% CI, 2.81-7.05, P &lt; .00001, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
SGLT2i not only significantly improved glycated hemoglobin and body weight in patients with T1DM but also significantly increased the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis acidosis.
Approach to the Patient with Achondroplasia—New Considerations for Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment
Authors: Merchant Nadia , Hoover-Fong Julie , Carroll Ricki S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common disproportionate short-stature skeletal dysplasia. Features associated with achondroplasia are rhizomelia, macrocephaly, midface hypoplasia, and typical cognition. Potential medical complications include foramen magnum stenosis, hydrocephalus, middle ear dysfunction, obstructive and central sleep apnea, spinal stenosis, and genu varum. Recently, vosoritide, a C-type natriuretic peptide analogue, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration with the primary indication of increasing linear growth in all children with achondroplasia and open growth plates. Due to this, pediatric endocrinologists suddenly are encountering infants and children with achondroplasia in their clinic whose families are seeking treatment with vosoritide. There is an urgent need to provide practical guidance pertaining to the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of these patients. Specific to current clinical use of vosoritide and other growth-modulating therapies in development for patients with achondroplasia, it is important to recognize that 1. some children and their families do not automatically desire such treatment, 2. not all treated children exhibit a response in linear growth, and 3. treatment does not negate the necessity of actively surveilling for the potential complications of achondroplasia that are part of its natural history. The goal of this paper is to provide probable, contemporary clinical scenarios of infants and children with achondroplasia who may present to an endocrinologist. This information is especially crucial to the endocrinologist when there is no specialized skeletal dysplasia center near the family.
Eldecalcitol Add-on to Risedronate Reduces Bone Loss From Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Imanishi Yasuo , Imai Takumi , Fujii Hisako , Aida Rei , Nagata Yuki , Shoji Tetsuo , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Takashima Tsutomu , Emoto Masanori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) cause bone loss and increase fracture risk in women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer (HR + EBC). Bone antiresorptive agents are recommended for patients at risk of fragility fractures. Eldecalcitol, combined with bisphosphonate, increases bone mineral density (BMD) in primary osteoporosis.

Objective
To determine the effect of eldecalcitol (0.75 ug/day) add-on therapy to risedronate (17.5 mg/week) on bone quantity and quality in women treated with AI.

Design
Open-label randomized control trial.

Setting
Postmenopausal women with HR + EBC (TNM stage 0-3A) treated with risedronate for more than 12 months.

Patients
Two hundred patients were enrolled; 196 patients were eligible for the full analysis set after excluding those without follow-up BMD data. Participants were advised to take vitamin D and calcium, yet many were vitamin D deficient or insufficient.

Intervention
Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either eldecalcitol add-on therapy or risedronate monotherapy.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome was the group difference in the change of lumbar spine (LS)-BMD in 24 months. Secondary outcomes included femoral neck (FN)-BMD, total hip (TH)-BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), and the incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures.

Results
The increase at LS-, FN-, and TH-BMD at 24 months was larger in the add-on therapy group than in the monotherapy group, with a group difference (add-on therapy minus monotherapy) estimate of 0.020 g/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.010-0.029 g/cm2, P &lt; .001] for LS-BMD. The incidence rate ratio (add-on therapy/monotherapy) for morphometric vertebral fractures was 0.292 (95% CI: 0.080-1.061, P = .061). No group difference was detected in the change in TBS.

Conclusion
Eldecalcitol add-on therapy increased LS-BMD in osteopenic to osteoporotic postmenopausal women treated with an AI and risedronate.
“Women Should Become Thinner When They Are Pregnant”: Corpulency and Women's Reproductive Health in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Goodge Charlotte 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the long eighteenth century, medical writers were quick to condemn “corpulence” or “corpulency” (the Georgian equivalent terms for “obesity”) in potential or actual mothers. Medical writing from the period criticizes the influence of corpulence on the reproductive health of women, claiming that corpulence's impact on female fertility is either obstructive, or eventually results in abortive maternity. However, this article's examination of fictional “fat” women, alongside contemporary medical opinions on corpulence's effect on female health, reveals that the medical condemnation of the fat woman was as much influenced by social expectations of female reproductiveness as it was made on scientific grounds. By examining a variety of fictional fat women, I hope to demonstrate how popular eighteenth-century works interacted with medical opinion, sometimes reinforcing but just as often probing, disputing, and rejecting the condemnation with which medical writers treated corpulent women. I will look at several such women in literary and visual culture: James Gillray's caricature of Albinia Hobart, Countess of Buckinghamshire (1737/38 – 1816), Rachel Hodges from Maria Edgeworth's “Angelina: or, L'aime Inconnue” (1801), and Miss Groves from Charlotte Lennox's The Female Quixote (1752). As Hobart, Hodges, and Groves show, concerns over female fatness are seldom exclusively health related. These characters underscore how the fat woman is not simply a point of satire, or a pathologized and useless body, but can also be fertile, autonomous, and even healthy. Ultimately, I will claim that the fat woman is more than just a cypher of medical opinion: she is also a discordant figure of criticism too.