bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin and soft tissue infection of Nontuberculous mycobacterium after injection lipolysis
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Shiyi , Zhang Lixia , Fu Huijuan , Zhou Guiwen , Chen Minliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInjection lipolysis is used for body and face contouring due to its minimal invasiveness and cost‐effectiveness, but related complications such as nontuberculous mycobacterium infection significantly affect its clinical application.AimsThis study aimed to review the literature on NTM infection after injection lipolysis.MethodsWe conducted a literature review of scientific journals published in Medline and PubMed up to September 2022 on patients with NTM skin and soft tissue infections. We used the keywords: nontuberculous mycobacterium, infection, injection lipolysis, and lipolytic solution in various combinations with the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. Only articles available in English and full version publications were considered for this review. Here, we reviewed the relevant mechanisms and drugs for injectable lipolysis and analyzed the possible correlation between NTM infection and injection lipolysis. We also summarize methods for the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infections and present some perspectives on this therapy.ResultsMany patients with NTM infections had a history of fat‐related surgery or therapy. NTM infection after injection lipolysis may be related to inadequate disinfection and sterilization of injection equipment and clinical procedures, the unqualified medication itself and free fatty acids released during injection lipolysis. Currently, diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection after lipolysis injections remains challenging.ConclusionsInjection lipolysis represents a helpful option for local fat reduction. Doctors should strictly abide by the aseptic operation standards and use qualified products for there is a correlation between skin and soft tissue infection of nontuberculous mycobacterium and injection lipolysis. Providers should understand the mechanism, indications, and associated risks of injection lipolysis when injecting fat‐dissolving drugs to reduce localized fat.
Mask‐related adverse skin reactions in orientals during COVID‐19: Prevalence, social‐psychological impacts and risk factors for acne exacerbation
Authors: Lujia Chen , Hanlong Zheng , Hui Shao , Jieying Tang , Jianmin Yang , Weiwei Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic has caused mask‐related skin problems on health‐care professions, yet very few studies have investigated the prevalence in oriental general population.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of mask‐related adverse skin reactions in Orientals, to explore psychological influence, to identify risk factors for mask‐related acne exacerbation.MethodsWe performed a survey through social media. Participant demographics, skin condition before and after COVID‐19, and the influence of adverse skin on social‐psychological conditions were collected. We compared characteristics between individuals with or without acne exacerbation, and we performed a logistic regression to identify risk factors.ResultsSix hundred and six participants (62.3%) responded the survey and 23.3% complained their facial acnes become exacerbated since COVID‐19. The social‐psychological impact of acnes is more prevalent in women. Risk factors for mask‐related acne exacerbation were occupation as health‐care workers (OR = 1.861, p = 0.027), prolonged wearing of N95 masks (OR = 3.167, p = 0.001), and touching of acnes (OR = 2.65, p = 0.002). Sex, pre‐existed acnes, and prolonged wearing time per day are also associated with acne exacerbation.ConclusionsMask‐related adverse skin reactions are common in Orientals, and could lead to negative social‐psychological effects.
A case of refractory pelvic squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary that responded to nivolumab
Authors: Komura Airi , Taguchi Ayumi , Ikemura Masako , Nishijima Akira , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Tanikawa Michihiro , Sone Kenbun , Mori Mayuyo , Oda Katsutoshi , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of metastatic tumors with a usually unfavorable prognosis. A 33‐year‐old female was diagnosed with pelvic squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary. The tumor was p16‐positive, suggesting that it was human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related. The tumor progressed for 4 months after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (initial treatment) and was refractory to paclitaxel plus carboplatin (second‐line therapy). Liquid‐based cancer genomic profiling identified five pathogenic variants, including Neurofibromin1 (NF1) (p.T1690Mfs*5); however, due to the lack of domestic clinical trials, the patient could not receive genome‐based molecular‐target therapies. Simultaneously, nivolumab was administered to the patient post its approval in Japan for CUP. The tumor responded to nivolumab, accompanied by decreased levels of tumor markers. NF1 mutations and HPV‐related carcinogenesis may be associated with a favorable response to nivolumab treatment. It may therefore serve as a potential treatment against cancers of unknown primaries.
Hepatic steatosis and metabolic risk factors among patients with chronic hepatitis B: The multicentre, prospective CAP‐Asia study
Authors: Leow Yong‐Wen , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Goh George Boon‐Bee , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Fan Jian Gao , Kim Young Seok , Kim Seung Up , Nakajima Atsushi , Seto Wai‐Kay , Lee I‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Kim Yoon Jun , Young Jang Jae , Chow Wan Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aimed to compare the severity of liver disease, metabolic profile and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with and without hepatic steatosis and patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with NAFLD and CHB were prospectively enrolled from 10 Asian centres. Fibroscan was performed for all patients and hepatic steatosis was defined based on controlled attenuation parameter >248 dB/m. CVD risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score. The data for 1080 patients were analysed (67% NAFLD, 33% CHB). A high proportion (59%) of CHB patients had hepatic steatosis. There was a significant stepwise increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement, from CHB patients without hepatic steatosis to CHB patients with hepatic steatosis to NAFLD patients (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). There was a significant stepwise increase in the proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome and in CVD risk, with very high or extreme CVD risk seen in 20%, 48% and 61%, across the groups (p < 0.001 between CHB patients with and without hepatic steatosis and p < 0.05 between CHB patients with hepatic steatosis and NAFLD patients). In conclusion, there was a high proportion of CHB patients with hepatic steatosis, which should be diagnosed, as they may have more severe liver disease, so that this and their metabolic risk factors can be assessed and managed accordingly for a better long‐term outcome
Topography of the respiratory, oral, and guttural pouch bacterial and fungal microbiotas in horses
Authors: Bond Stephanie , McMullen Christopher , Timsit Edouard , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe lower respiratory tract microbiota of the horse is different in states of health and disease, but the bacterial and fungal composition of the healthy respiratory tract of the horse has not been studied in detail.HypothesisThe respiratory tract environment contains distinct niche microbiotas, which decrease in species richness at more distal sampling locations.ObjectiveCharacterize the bacterial and fungal microbiotas along the upper and lower respiratory tract of the horse.AnimalsHealthy Argentinian Thoroughbred horses (n = 11) from the same client‐owned herd.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. Eleven upper and lower respiratory tract anatomical locations (bilateral nasal, bilateral deep nasal, nasopharynx, floor of mouth, oropharynx, arytenoids, proximal and distal trachea, guttural pouch) were sampled using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. Total DNA was extracted from each sample and negative control, and the 16S rRNA gene (V4) and ITS2 region were sequenced. Community composition, alpha‐diversity, and beta‐diversity were compared among sampling locations.ResultsFungal species richness and diversity were highest in the nostrils. More spatial heterogeneity was found in bacterial composition than in fungal communities. The pharyngeal microbiota was most similar to the distal tracheal bacterial and fungal microbiota in healthy horses and therefore may serve as the primary source of bacteria and fungi to the lower respiratory tract.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe pharynx is an important location that should be targeted in respiratory microbiota research in horses. Future studies that investigate whether biomarkers of respiratory disease can be reliably detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples are warranted.
Anatomical and functional study of the cuneiform nucleus: A critical site to organize innate defensive behaviors
Authors: Bindi Ricardo P. , Guimarães Cibele C. , de Oliveira Amanda R. , Melleu Fernando F. , de Lima Miguel A. X. , Baldo Marcus V. C. , Motta Simone C. , Canteras Newton S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cuneiform nucleus (CUN) is a midbrain structure located lateral to the caudal part of the periaqueductal gray. In the present investigation, we first performed a systematic analysis of the afferent and efferent projections of the CUN using FluoroGold and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin as retrograde and anterograde neuronal tracers, respectively. Next, we examined the behavioral responses to optogenetic activation of the CUN and evaluated the impact of pharmacological inactivation of the CUN in both innate and contextual fear responses to a predatory threat (i.e., a live cat). The present hodologic evidence indicates that the CUN might be viewed as a caudal component of the periaqueductal gray. The CUN has strong bidirectional links with the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (PAGdl). Our hodological findings revealed that the CUN and PAGdl share a similar source of inputs involved in integrating information related to life‐threatening events and that the CUN provides particularly strong projections to brain sites influencing antipredatory defensive behaviors. Our functional studies revealed that the CUN mediates innate freezing and flight antipredatory responses but does not seem to influence the acquisition and expression of learned fear responses.
Equity factors in pediatric transplant listing: Initial findings from a single center review
Authors: Freiberger Dawn , Kimball Brendan , Traum Avram Z. , Berbert Laura , O'Melia Laura , Daly Kevin P. , Kim Heung B. , McKenna Kristine D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order to improve transparency within the patient selection process, a transplant listing advisory committee was formed within the Boston Children's Hospital Pediatric Transplant Center. Its mission is to promote equity in access to organ transplantation by ensuring that the institutional transplant selection criteria are fair, unbiased, and nondiscriminatory. The committee conducts comprehensive case and data review of individual characteristics and reviews in aggregate to identify potential systems bias.MethodsCharts for 256 patients evaluated for transplant from 3/2016 to 3/2019 were reviewed. Among these, 64 (25%) patients were declined for transplant. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic variables and vulnerable status factors associated with being declined. Odds ratios (OR) are reported.ResultsAmong all patients, median age was 8.5 years and 58% were male. Asian patients were more likely to be declined than White patients (OR = 5.3, Wald p = .007). Socioeconomic factors that affected likelihood of listing decline included concerns for caregivers' ability to manage and understand care requirements (OR = 3.8, p = .011), caregiver employment status (OR = 1.9, p = .042), and use of public assistance programs (OR = 2.2, p = .05). Patients with severe neurodevelopmental delay were more likely to be declined for listing (OR = 3.7, p = .019).ConclusionThis analysis identified areas of potential bias related to race, socioeconomic status, and neurodevelopmental delay where initiatives can be targeted. Advisory committees are an important aspect of evaluating equity in transplant center selection policy and practice.
Non‐severe allergic transfusion reaction: A hidden cause of wastage of blood product and laboratory resources
Authors: Hayat Hasan , Ahmed Qadeer , Alam Hareem , Rashid Anila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood transfusions are often needlessly aborted following a non‐severe allergic reaction despite responding well to medication resulting into partial transfusion of the implicated blood product. This results in the wastage of untransfused blood component and resources spent on unnecessary laboratory work‐up of these reactions.Materials and MethodsWe aimed to review the amount of blood product and laboratory resource wastage associated with non‐severe allergic transfusion reaction (ATR) in a tertiary care hospital.ResultsA total of 174,632 blood products were released and transfused during the study period (2019–2021). There were 336 adverse transfusion reactions with an estimated rate of 1.9 per 1000 blood products administered. Of 336, 145 (43%) were ATR, of which 141 (97%) were non‐severe and 4 (3%) were severe. The most commonly associated symptom was found to be urticaria in 31 (22%). All non‐severe ATR completely resolved with medication. Seventy‐nine percent of the transfusions associated with non‐severe ATRs were aborted, of which 37% were followed by additional transfusions. The estimated loss of blood product volume and the cost of non‐severe ATR (including transfusion reaction work‐up, discarded blood product and additional transfusion) was 11,185 ml (11 L) and Pakistani rupees 1,831,546 ($11,592.06 or €8598.78), respectively.ConclusionNon‐severe ATR was found to be associated with a significant proportion of laboratory resource wastage and that of blood product in our institution. Revision of institutional guidelines for management and lab work‐up of transfusion reactions would be helpful in alleviating this unnecessary loss in a resource‐constraint transfusion‐setting.
Can we distinguish the consequences of early maltreatment on child behaviour from idiopathic autism?
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Mandy William , Brown-Wright Lucy , Murin Marianna , Skuse David , DeJong Margaret 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo identify clinical features that could distinguish children presenting with autistic-like features and a history of severe early maltreatment from children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).DesignMatched-comparison study.SettingGreat Ormond Street Hospital, UK.Participants46 children with a history of early maltreatment, mean (SD) age 10.6 (3.3) years and 47 children with an ASD, mean (SD) age 10.4 (2.9) years.Main outcome measuresA range of standardised interview and observational measures that are designed to quantify autistic traits. Caregiver and teacher reports were obtained on broader aspects of behavioural and emotional adjustment.ResultsBoth groups had normal range IQ and were predominantly male. On the basis of autistic traits alone, caregiver interview and structured observation concurred that over 60% of the formerly maltreated children met criteria for an ASD. Autistic symptom profiles were very similar in both groups, although children with idiopathic ASD had significantly more marked repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. Teacher and caregiver reports indicated that children from both groups had an increased and broadly similar prevalence of emotional and behavioural disorders.ConclusionChildren presenting with a history of early maltreatment, who show autistic traits of behaviour, have a high risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for ASD. Their symptom profiles are virtually indistinguishable from children with idiopathic autism.
Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Scottish neonates 2020–2022: a national, population-based cohort study
Authors: Goulding Anna , McQuaid Fiona , Lindsay Laura , Agrawal Utkarsh , Auyeung Bonnie , Calvert Clara , Carruthers Jade , Denny Cheryl , Donaghy Jack , Hillman Sam , Hopcroft Lisa , Hopkins Leanne , McCowan Colin , McLaughlin Terry , Moore Emily , Ritchie Lewis , Simpson Colin R , Taylor Bob , Fenton Lynda , Pollock Louisa , Gale Chris , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Robertson Chris , Sheikh Aziz , Stock Sarah , Wood Rachael 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo examine neonates in Scotland aged 0–27 days with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral testing; the risk of confirmed neonatal infection by maternal and infant characteristics; and hospital admissions associated with confirmed neonatal infections.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.Setting and populationAll live births in Scotland, 1 March 2020–31 January 2022.ResultsThere were 141 neonates with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over the study period, giving an overall infection rate of 153 per 100 000 live births (141/92 009, 0.15%). Among infants born to women with confirmed infection around the time of birth, the confirmed neonatal infection rate was 1812 per 100 000 live births (15/828, 1.8%). Two-thirds (92/141, 65.2%) of neonates with confirmed infection had an associated admission to neonatal or (more commonly) paediatric care. Six of these babies (6/92, 6.5%) were admitted to neonatal and/or paediatric intensive care; however, none of these six had COVID-19 recorded as their main diagnosis. There were no neonatal deaths among babies with confirmed infection.Implications and relevanceConfirmed neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was uncommon over the first 23 months of the pandemic in Scotland. Secular trends in the neonatal confirmed infection rate broadly followed those seen in the general population, although at a lower level. Maternal confirmed infection at birth was associated with an increased risk of neonatal confirmed infection. Two-thirds of neonates with confirmed infection had an associated admission to hospital, with resulting implications for the baby, family and services, although their outcomes were generally good. Ascertainment of confirmed infection depends on the extent of testing, and this is likely to have varied over time and between groups: the extent of unconfirmed infection is inevitably unknown.
STING agonism overcomes STAT3-mediated immunosuppression and adaptive resistance to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ding Liya , Wang Qiwei , Martincuks Antons , Kearns Michael J , Jiang Tao , Lin Ziying , Cheng Xin , Qian Changli , Xie Shaozhen , Kim Hye-Jung , Launonen Inga-Maria , Färkkilä Anniina , Roberts Thomas M , Freeman Gordon J , Liu Joyce F , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A , Matulonis Ursula , Yu Hua , Zhao Jean J 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition (PARPi) has demonstrated potent therapeutic efficacy in patients with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, acquired resistance to PARPi remains a major challenge in the clinic.MethodsPARPi-resistant ovarian cancer mouse models were generated by long-term treatment of olaparib in syngeneic Brca1-deficient ovarian tumors. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated immunosuppression was investigatedin vitroby co-culture experiments andin vivoby analysis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human and mouse PARPi-resistant tumors. Whole genome transcriptome analysis was performed to assess the antitumor immunomodulatory effect of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonists on myeloid cells in the TME of PARPi-resistant ovarian tumors. A STING agonist was used to overcome STAT3-mediated immunosuppression and acquired PARPi resistance in syngeneic and patient-derived xenografts models of ovarian cancer.ResultsIn this study, we uncover an adaptive resistance mechanism to PARP inhibition mediated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME. Markedly increased populations of protumor macrophages are found in BRCA-deficient ovarian tumors that rendered resistance to PARPi in both murine models and patients. Mechanistically, PARP inhibition elevates the STAT3 signaling pathway in tumor cells, which in turn promotes protumor polarization of TAMs. STAT3 ablation in tumor cells mitigates polarization of protumor macrophages and increases tumor-infiltrating T cells on PARP inhibition. These findings are corroborated in patient-derived, PARPi-resistant BRCA1-mutant ovarian tumors. Importantly, STING agonists reshape the immunosuppressive TME by reprogramming myeloid cells and overcome the TME-dependent adaptive resistance to PARPi in ovarian cancer. This effect is further enhanced by addition of the programmed cell death protein-1 blockade.ConclusionsWe elucidate an adaptive immunosuppression mechanism rendering resistance to PARPi in BRCA1-mutant ovarian tumors. This is mediated by enrichment of protumor TAMs propelled by PARPi-induced STAT3 activation in tumor cells. We also provide a new strategy to reshape the immunosuppressive TME with STING agonists and overcome PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer.
Frequency of joint inflammation is associated with local joint damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis despite long-term targeted treatment
Authors: Heckert Sascha L , Bergstra Sytske Anne , Goekoop-Ruiterman Yvonne P M , Güler-Yüksel Melek , Lems Willem F , Matthijssen Xanthe M E , van Oosterhout Maikel , Huizinga Tom W J , Allaart Cornelia F 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate whether in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequency of local joint inflammation is associated with radiographic joint damage progression in that joint.MethodsData from 473 patients with RA and available radiographs from the BeSt study were used. Patients were treated to target (Disease Activity Score of ≤2.4) for a median of 10 years. At each study visit every 3 months, joints were assessed for swelling and tenderness. Radiographs of hands and feet were made yearly. A generalised linear mixed model was used to assess the association between the percentage of study visits at which clinical inflammation was observed in a joint (cumulative inflammation) and radiographic joint damage in that same joint. Clinical inflammation was primarily defined as joint swelling (with or without joint tenderness). For secondary analyses, we also investigated joint tenderness without joint swelling. Damage was measured as the percentage of the maximum possible Sharp-Van der Heijde score in a particular joint.ResultsCumulative local joint swelling was associated with local progression of radiographic damage in the same joint (β=0.14, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.15). This association was also found in a subset of joints that were swollen at least once. Cumulative local joint tenderness without concurrent local joint swelling was less strongly associated with local radiographic joint damage progression (β=0.04, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.05).ConclusionsIn RA, long-term cumulative local joint inflammation is associated with joint damage progression in the same joint.