bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P469 UP TO 12 MONTH TRENDS IN CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AFTER SGLT2I THERAPY IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Pugliese R , Alcidi G , Ioannoni S , Diomede D , Romano M , Correale M , Benvenuto M , Gronda E , Brunetti N , Iacoviello M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The type–2 sodium–glucose cotransporters inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new relevant therapeutic option for patients affected by chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SGLT2i on some clinical and biochemical parameters as well as the persistence of SGLT2i therapy up to 12 months.

Methods
We evaluated the consecutive patients affected by HFrEF in whom the SGLT2i therapy was prescribed since December 2021. The patients were followed–up after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months with a clinical visit, ECG, echocardiography, assessment of sodium, potassium, fasting glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by creatinine. The data were analyzed by linear mixed models.

Results
Ninety patients were enrolled (age 60±9 years, 83% males, 20% diabetics, 38% affected by ischemic cardiomyopathy, NYHA class 2.24±0.43, 98% with ACEi/ARB/ARNi, 99% with beta–blockers, 84% with mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists). During the follow–up SGLT2i therapy was well tolerated in most of the patients. Five patients withdrew the therapy, 2 for hypotension, 2 for poor adherence, 1 for genital infection. As shown in the Figure, after SGLT2i therapy a significant reduction in weight and fasting glucose and a slight increase in LVEF were observed. Systolic arterial pressure did not show significant differences. As expected a significant short–term reduction in estimated GFR occurred, associated with a reduction of sodium serum levels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit progressively and significantly increased during follow–up.

Conclusions
In this “real world” study, among patients with HFrEF, the administration of SGLT2i resulted well tolerated in most of the patients. It was associated with the improvement of metabolic parameters (weight and fasting glucose), a slight temporary reduction in GFR, an increase in hemoglobin and systolic function. These data further support the use of this therapeutic approach in routine clinical practice.
P485 CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF A BIOLOGICAL MITRAL VALVE THROMBOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH RECENT COVID19 INFECTION
Authors: Colarusso L , Paradossi U , Giacomo B , Margaryan R , Solinas M , Marchi F , Pizzino F , Chiappino S , Sorbo S , Benedetti G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prosthetic valve thrombosis is defined as the presence of non–infectious material, within the valve apparatus, that interferes with the normal function of the prosthesis itself. The rate of thrombosis is normally higher in patients with mechanical valves respect to those with a biological valve. It is a potentially fatal complication of valve replacement surgery. Treatment options include: surgery, fibrinolysis, and anticoagulant therapy; those depending on multiple factors: position of the valve, thrombotic burden, surgical risk, clinical presentation and patient‘s wishes. Complications of SARS–CoV2 infections can also extend beyond the respiratory system, triggering sometimes a systemic pro–inflammatory and pro–thrombotic state with potential cardiovascular complications. We present the case of a 74–year–old man with a mitral bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier–Edwards n29) and an aortic bioprosthesis valve (Carpentier–Edwards pericardial n27) taking anticoagulant therapy (Apixaban) for previous episodes of atrial fibrillation. One year after the surgery, the patient was affected by COVID19 infection characterized by fever and asthenia lasting for about 14 days. Subsequently, he experienced exertional dyspnea with a mitral valve thrombosis (25 mm) as echocardiographic finding and with pulmonary hypertension (PAPs 50 mmHg). After a multidisciplinary team discussion, once signs of peripheral embolization had been ruled out and considering NOAC therapy, it was decided to modify the therapy with low–molecular heparin and subsequently with Warfarin (INR 2.5–3.5). Four days later during a follow–up examination, was observed the improvement of dyspnoea and flow parameters and the reduction of thrombus size (21 mm) without any sign of embolic complications. Considering clinical stability in the following period, it was decided to continue with the same therapy. Subsequent checks showed an unchanged echocardiographic examination with same thrombus dimensions. In order to verify echocardiographic findings, a cardiac CT was performed which confirmed the presence of hypodense material compatible with thrombus formation (11 mm by 15 mm) on the mitral prosthesis.
Factors affecting women’s participation in cardiovascular research: a scoping review
Authors: Matthews Stacey , Cook Samantha , Clayton Tim , Murray Sarah , Wynne Rochelle , Sanders Julie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Women are underrepresented in cardiovascular trials. We sought to explore the proportional representation of women in contemporary cardiovascular research and the factors (barriers and enablers) that affect their participation in cardiovascular studies.

Methods and results
Multiple electronic databases were searched between January 2011 and September 2021 to identify papers that defined underrepresentation of women in cardiovascular research and/or reported sex-based differences in participating in cardiovascular research and/or barriers for women to participate in cardiovascular research. Data extraction was undertaken independently by two authors using a standardised data collection form. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis as appropriate.
From 548 identified papers, 10 papers were included. Of those, four were conducted prospectively and six were retrospective studies. Five of the retrospective studies involved secondary analysis of trial data including over 780 trials in over 1.1 million participants. Overall, women were reported to be underrepresented in heart failure, coronary disease, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia trials, compared to men. Barriers to participation included lack of information and understanding of the research, trial-related procedures, the perceived health status of the participant, and patient-specific factors including travel, childcare availability, and cost. A significantly higher likelihood of research participation was reported by women following a patient educational intervention.

Conclusion
This review has highlighted the underrepresentation of women in a range of cardiovascular trials. Several barriers to women’s participation in cardiovascular studies were identified. Researchers could mitigate against these in future trial planning and delivery to increase women’s participation in cardiovascular research.

Registration
The protocol was published on the public Open Science Framework platform on 13th August 2021 (no registration reference provided) and can be accessed at https://osf.io/ny4fd/.
What motivates heart transplantation patients to exercise and engage in physical activity? A network analysis
Authors: Marques-Sule Elena , Hansen Dominique , Almenar Luis , Deka Pallav , Sentandreu-Mañó Trinidad , López-Vilella Raquel , Klompstra Leonie , Machado Felipe V C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
After heart transplantation (HTx), increments in physical activity (PA) are strongly recommended. However, participation rates in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and engagement in PA are insufficient in many patients. Hence, this study aimed to explore the central factors and the interconnections among distinct types of motivation to exercise, PA, sedentary time, psychosomatic, diet, and activity limitation characteristics in post-HTx patients.

Methods and results
This is a cross-sectional study involving 133 post-HTx patients (79 men, mean age 57 ± 13 years, mean time from transplantation 55 ± 42 months) recruited from an outpatient clinic in Spain. The patients were asked to fill in questionnaires measuring self-reported PA, motivation to exercise, kinesiophobia, musculoskeletal pain, quality of sleep, depression, functional capacity, frailty, sarcopenia risk, and diet quality. Two network structures were estimated: one network including PA and one network including sedentary time as nodes. The relative importance of each node in the network structures was determined using centrality analyses. According to the strength centrality index, functional capacity and identified regulation (subtypes of motivation to exercise) are the two most central nodes of the network (strength: z-score = 1.35–1.51). Strong and direct connections emerged between frailty and PA and between sarcopenia risk and sedentary time.

Conclusion
Functional capacity and autonomous motivation to exercise are the most promising targets of interventions to improve PA levels and sedentary time in post-HTx patients. Furthermore, frailty and sarcopenia risk were found to mediate the effects of several other factors on PA and sedentary time.
Character displacement of egg colors during tinamou speciation
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Dahong , Wang Silu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The divergence of reproductive traits frequently underpins the evolution of reproductive isolation. Here we investigated whether tinamou (Tinamidae) egg colorations function as mating signals that diverged as character displacement (mating signal character displacement hypothesis). We tested three evolutionary predictions behind the hypothesis: (a) egg colors coevolve with known mating signals; (b) signal divergence is associated with divergent habitat adaptation; and (c) sympatric tinamou species with similar songs have different egg colors as character displacement during speciation. We found support for all three predictions. In particular, egg colors coevolved with songs; songs and egg colors coevolved with habitat partitioning; and tinamou species that were likely sympatric with similar songs tended to have different egg colors. In conclusion, the mating signal character displacement hypothesis is well supported in which egg colors serve as mating signals that undergo character displacement during tinamou speciation.
Effects of a Family Caregiver-Delivered MultiSensory Cognitive Stimulation Intervention for Older People With Dementia During Coronavirus 2019: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kor Patrick Pui Kin , Parial Laurence Lloyd , Yu Clare Tsz Kiu , Liu Justina Yat Wah , Liu Denise Pik Mei , Hon Joan Mo King 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Many community dementia services such as home-visiting services and center-based activities were suspended during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. This study investigated the efficacy of a caregiver-delivered cognitive stimulation therapy (CDCST) on people with dementia during the pandemic.

Research Design and Methods
This was a 2-arm randomized controlled trial involving 241 patient–caregiver dyads assigned to a 15-week CDCST or control group (usual care). We hypothesized that CDCST would facilitate significant improvements among people with dementia (cognition, behavioral/psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life) and their caregivers (caregiving appraisal, attitudes, and psychological well-being) at postintervention (T1) and at the 12-week follow-up (T2). Generalized estimating equations evaluated the study outcomes.

Results
A total of 230 dyads completed the study, with good program adherence (93%). Participants in the CDCST showed significant improvements in cognition (p &lt; .001), behavioral and psychiatric symptoms (p =. 027), and quality of life (p =.001) at the 3-month follow-up period. Family caregivers had improved positive aspects of caregiving (p = .008; p = .049) and decreased negative attitudes toward people with dementia (p =. 013; p &lt; .001) at both T1 and T2. There were nonsignificant changes in the caregivers’ perceived burden, distress, and psychological well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Family caregivers could be trained to provide cognitive stimulation at home for people with dementia, which could benefit both parties. CDCST could manage to improve the cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life of people with dementia, while also improving caregiving appraisal and negative attitudes among family caregivers.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT03803592
Evasive Manoeuvres: Strasbourg, the Hague Child Abduction Convention and the Absolute Prohibition on Ill-Treatment
Authors: Robinson Edmund 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article identifies a troubling omission on the part of the European Court of Human Rights, when it considers cases involving the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Such cases often involve one parent, who has abducted the child, alleging that their actions were necessary to protect themselves or the child from violence by the other parent. The Court has avoided considering arguments based on Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights in such cases, despite the now established relevance of that Article to the risks of family violence. A change of course is needed, in order to articulate clear principles for the ECtHR’s own Hague cases, and reinforce the absoluteness of Article 3 protection elsewhere.
Habitual social media and smartphone use are linked to task delay for some, but not all, adolescents
Authors: Meier Adrian , Beyens Ine , Siebers Teun , Pouwels J Loes , Valkenburg Patti M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is a popular concern that adolescents’ social media use, especially via smartphones, leads to the delay of intended, potentially more important tasks. Automatic social media use and frequent phone checking may especially contribute to task delay. Prior research has investigated this hypothesis through between-person associations. We advance the literature by additionally examining within-person and person-specific associations of automatic social media use and mobile phone checking frequency with each other and task delay. Preregistered hypotheses were tested with multilevel modeling on data from 3 weeks of experience sampling among N = 312 adolescents (ages 13–15), including T = 22,809 assessments. More automatic social media use and more frequent phone checking were, on average, associated with more task delay at the within-person level. However, heterogeneity analyses found these positive associations to be significant for only a minority of adolescents. We discuss implications for the media habit concept and adolescents’ self-regulation.
Real-Time Identification and High-Frequency Analysis of Deposits Outflows
Authors: Rainone Edoardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a method based on control charts to identify in real-time sudden deposits outflows through the payment system. The performance of the methodology is assessed with both Monte Carlo simulations and real transaction-level TARGET2 data for a large sample of Italian banks. We identify a set of idiosyncratic bank stress episodes. Using high-frequency payment system data, we provide new evidences on the interaction between retail, wholesale, and central bank funding in the post global financial crisis period.
Blinding of Admissions Committee to MCAT Scores: Is There a Difference in Subsequent Medical School Performance Between Cohorts?
Authors: Teng Yating , Dong Ting , Durning Steven J , Jung Eulho , Saguil Aaron , Liotta Robert 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is designed to inform members of the admissions committee about applicants’ academic readiness for medical school. Although previous work has shown that MCAT scores have some predictive validity evidence for a variety of medical student outcomes, there is also a concern that the MCAT is overly emphasized by admissions committees, which may, for example, affect matriculant diversity. The purpose of this study was to understand whether deemphasizing the MCAT by blinding committee members to applicants’ specific scores has resulted in matriculants with different pre-clerkship and clerkship performance.

Method
The Admissions Committee from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) created a policy to blind admissions committee members to MCAT scores. The MCAT-blinded policy was implemented for classes of 2022 to 2024. This MCAT-blinded cohort’s performance was compared with a previous cohort, classes of 2018 to 2020. Two analyses of covariance were performed to test for differences in the pre-clerkship and clerkship module scores. Undergraduate grade point average (uGPA) and MCAT percentile for matriculants were included as covariates.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in either pre-clerkship or clerkship performance between the MCAT-revealed and MCAT-blinded cohorts.

Conclusion
This study found similar medical school performance between the MCAT-blinded and MCAT-revealed cohorts. The research team plans to continuously follow these two cohorts to understand their performance further down their education path, including step 1 and step 2 examinations.
Shorter and Stronger: Revision of a Resident Performance Evaluation Survey
Authors: Witkop Catherine T , Dong Ting , Durning Steven 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In order to evaluate the outcomes of a USU School of Medicine (SOM) education, a program director (PD) evaluation survey was developed in 2005 and is completed annually by PDs regarding trainees who graduated from USU and are in their first post-graduate training year (PGY-1) and their third post-graduate training year (PGY-3). The survey was last reviewed and revised in 2010 to better align with the competencies established by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education but has not been further evaluated or revised. The objective of the study was to utilize 12 years of aggregated data to improve the psychometric properties of the survey, with an emphasis on shortening the survey. A secondary objective was to refine the verbiage of the existing questions and add new items to assess health systems science competencies.

Methods
The survey was sent out to PDs who supervised USU SOM graduates in the classes of 2008 to 2019 (n = 1,958) with 997 responses for the PGY-1 PD survey and 706 responses to the PGY-3 PD survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on 334 complete responses of the PGY-1 survey and 327 responses of the PGY-3 survey. A working group of PDs, USU Deans, and health professions education scholars reviewed the results from the EFA and from a survey of experienced PDs and, in an iterative process, developed a proposed revised survey.

Results
The EFA for both the PGY-1 data and the PGY-3 data yielded three factors, and a total of 17 items were identified with cross-loading across the factors in the PGY-1 and/or PGY-3 surveys. Items without clean loadings or that were determined to be unclear, redundant, or difficult to assess by PDs were revised or removed. Items were revised or added to address needs within the SOM curriculum, including the new health systems science competencies. The proposed revised survey had 36 items in place of the original 55 items and contained at least four items for each of the six competency domains (patient care, communication and interpersonal skills, medical knowledge, professionalism, system-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement, and military-unique practice, deployment, and humanitarian missions).

Conclusions
The USU SOM has benefited from over 15 years of results from the PD surveys. We identified those questions that performed well, and these were refined and augmented in order to optimize the performance of the survey and fill gaps in our knowledge of graduates’ performance. To determine how well the revised set of questions performs, efforts will be made to increase the response rate and completion of 100% of items on the survey, and the EFA should be repeated after about 2-4 years. Furthermore, the USU graduates should continue to be tracked longitudinally past residency to determine if PGY-1 and PGY-3 survey measures predict long-term performance and patient outcomes.
MUSE-ALMA Haloes XI: gas flows in the circumgalactic medium
Authors: Weng Simon , Péroux Céline , Karki Arjun , Augustin Ramona , Kulkarni Varsha P , Hamanowicz Aleksandra , Zwaan Martin , Sadler Elaine M , Nelson Dylan , Hayes Matthew J , Kacprzak Glenn G , Fox Andrew J , Bollo Victoria , Casavecchia Benedetta , Szakacs Roland 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The flow of gas into and out of galaxies leaves traces in the circumgalactic medium which can then be studied using absorption lines towards background quasars. We analyse 27 ${{\log [N({\textrm {H}}\, {\small {I}})/\rm {cm}^{-2}]}} &gt; 18.0$ H i absorbers at z = 0.2 to 1.4 from the MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey with at least one galaxy counterpart within a line of sight velocity of ±500 km s−1. We perform 3D kinematic forward modelling of these associated galaxies to examine the flow of dense, neutral gas in the circumgalactic medium. From the VLT/MUSE, HST broad-band imaging, and VLT/UVES and Keck/HIRES high-resolution UV quasar spectroscopy observations, we compare the impact parameters, star-formation rates, and stellar masses of the associated galaxies with the absorber properties. We find marginal evidence for a bimodal distribution in azimuthal angles for strong H i absorbers, similar to previous studies of the Mg ii and O vi absorption lines. There is no clear metallicity dependence on azimuthal angle, and we suggest a larger sample of absorbers is required to fully test the relationship predicted by cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. A case-by-case study of the absorbers reveals that ten per cent of absorbers are consistent with gas accretion, up to 30 per cent trace outflows, and the remainder trace gas in the galaxy disc, the intragroup medium, and low-mass galaxies below the MUSE detection limit. Our results highlight that the baryon cycle directly affects the dense neutral gas required for star-formation and plays a critical role in galaxy evolution.
Introduction
Authors: Dasgupta Sangeeta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Adivasi communities have been increasingly visible as subjects in debates around indigeneity, identity, development, and conversion. The introduction discusses events in contemporary Jharkhand, and emphasizes the need to look at the colonial past to understand some of these developments. It engages with debates on the production of colonial knowledge and the creation of social categories, focusing especially on the term tribe, and with debates on adivasi protest and resistance. It discusses the complex interplay between the written and the oral, the colonial archive and adivasi voices. Adivasi communities, it is pointed out, are, and always have been, differentiated among themselves along several axes. Their voices, multiple and fractured, although marginalized, can be heard as they assert their identity, express their politics and creatively negotiate with the state and its institutions. Finally, it advocates the importance of the using the term ‘adivasi’ over the contending categories of ‘tribe’, ‘Scheduled Tribe’, and ‘Indigenous People’, and discusses the politics of representation.