bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in small-scale movements of, Rousettus aegyptiacus, a Marburg virus reservoir across a seasonal gradient
Authors: Wood Matthew R. , de Vries J. Low , Epstein Jonathan H. , Markotter Wanda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Bats are increasingly being recognized as important hosts for viruses, some of which are zoonotic and carry the potential for spillover within human and livestock populations. Biosurveillance studies focused on assessing the risk of pathogen transmission, however, have largely focused on the virological component and have not always considered the ecological implications of different species as viral hosts. The movements of known viral hosts are an important component for disease risk assessments as they can potentially identify regions of higher risk of contact and spillover. As such, this study aimed to synthesize data from both virological and ecological fields to provide a more holistic assessment of the risk of pathogen transmission from bats to people.

Results
Using radiotelemetry, we tracked the small-scale movements of Rousettus aegyptiacus, a species of bat known to host Marburg virus and other viruses with zoonotic potential, in a rural settlement in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The tracked bats exhibited seasonal variations in their movement patterns including variable usage of residential areas which could translate to contact between bats and humans and may facilitate spillover. We identified a trend for increased usage of residential areas during the winter months with July specifically experiencing the highest levels of bat activity within residential areas. July has previously been identified as a key period for increased spillover risk for viruses associated with R. aegyptiacus from this colony and paired with the increased activity levels, illustrates the risk for spillover to human populations.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating ecological data such as movement patterns with virological data to provide a better understanding of the risk of pathogen spillover and transmission.
Surgical residents as “second victims” following exposure to medical errors in a tertiary health training facility in Nigeria: a phenomenology study
Authors: Balogun James Ayokunle , Adekanmbi Adefisayo Ayoade , Balogun Folusho Mubowale 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe “second victim” phenomenon refers to the distress and other negative consequences that physicians experience when they commit medical error. There has been increasing awareness about this phenomenon and efforts are being made to address it. However, there is dearth of information about it in developing countries. This study explored the experiences of surgical resident doctors of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria about the “second victim” phenomenon and the support they had following medical errors.MethodsThis is a phenomenology study in which qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 31 resident doctors across 10 surgical units/departments. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were coded inductively. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Themes and subthemes were generated using axial coding. The themes were then integrated using selective coding.ResultsThere were 31 participants and 10(32.3%) were females. All had witnessed other physicians encountering medical errors while 28(90.3%) had been directly involved in medical errors. Most of the errors were at the inter-operative stage. Prolonged work hours with inadequate sleep were identified as major causes of most medical errors. The feelings following medical errors were all negative and was described as ‘stressful’. Most of the residents got support from their colleagues, mostly contemporaries following medical errors, and many viewed medical errors as a learning point to improve their practice. However, there was a general belief that the systemic support following medical errors was inadequate.ConclusionThe “second victim” phenomenon was common among the study group with consequent negative effects. Normalizing discussions about medical errors, reduction of work hours and meticulous intraoperative guidance may reduce medical errors and its consequences on the surgical residents. Steps should be taken within the system to address this issue effectively.
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of acotiamide in patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: study protocol for an investigator-initiated, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Ihara Eikichi , Manabe Noriaki , Kawami Noriyuki , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Akiyama Junichi , Kuribayashi Shiko , Uraoka Toshio , Ogino Haruei , Chinen Takatoshi , Misumi Akiko , Watanabe Hiroko , Suzuki Maya , Kishimoto Junji , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We have determined that the impaired accommodation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) underlies the pathogenesis of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). We have also found that acotiamide may treat EGJOO by improving impaired LES accommodation. The effects of acotiamide in patients with EGJOO need to be further confirmed in a prospective study.

Methods
This trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to compare the efficacy and safety of acotiamide (300 mg/day or 600 mg/day) with those of a placebo in the treatment of patients with EGJOO. The primary endpoint will be the proportion of patients who report an improvement in symptom of food sticking in the chest after 4 weeks of treatment period 1. The secondary endpoints will be the proportion of patients with normalized integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), the value of change from baseline in the distal contractile integral, basal LES pressure, EGJOO–quality of life score, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and the correlation between IRP and each symptom score. During the 2-year trial period, 42 patients from five institutions will be enrolled.

Discussion
This trial will provide evidence to clarify the efficacy and safety of acotiamide as a treatment for patients with EGJOO. Acotiamide might help improve the quality of life of patients with EGJOO and is expected to prevent the progression of EGJOO to achalasia.

Trial registration
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kyushu University Hospital as well as the local IRBs of the participating sites for clinical trials and registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT: 2071210072). The registration date is on October 11, 2021.
A prospective double-blinded randomized study on drug-eluting stent implantation into nitrate-induced maximally dilated vessels in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Yoon Gwang-Seok , Choi Seong-Huan , Kwon Sung Woo , Park Sang-Don , Woo Seong-Ill 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been developed using drug-eluting stents (DES); however, stent implantation is associated with concerns of stent thrombosis and target vessel revascularization (TVR). The stent diameter is a critical factor in TVR and clinical events. The nitrate administration in coronary angiography can dilate the reference vessel diameter, enabling accurate vessel size measurement and optimal stent implantation support. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of stent implantation in the maximally dilated coronary artery in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
This prospective double-blinded randomized (1:1) study is designed to compare the efficacy and safety between DES implantation into the nitrate-induced maximally dilated vessels and conventional DES implantation in patients with CAD. A total of 400 patients who underwent PCI with a sirolimus-eluting stent will be enrolled. The primary endpoint is the mean diameter of the deployed stents. Secondary endpoints include cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or ischemia-driven TVR 1 year after the procedure.

Discussion
This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of DES implantation on nitrate-induced maximally dilated vessels in patients with CAD.

Trial registration
The trial was registered on 18 June 2021 as Effect of Ultimaster Stents Treated to the Most Dilated Coronary Vessels (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04931784).
Regulation of acetate tolerance by small ORF-encoded polypeptides modulating efflux pump specificity in Methylomonas sp. DH-1
Authors: Cha Seungwoo , Cho Yong-Joon , Lee Jong Kwan , Hahn Ji-Sook 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethanotrophs have emerged as promising hosts for the biological conversion of methane into value-added chemicals, including various organic acids. Understanding the mechanisms of acid tolerance is essential for improving organic acid production. WatR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, was initially identified as involved in lactate tolerance in a methanotrophic bacteriumMethylomonassp. DH-1. In this study, we investigated the role of WatR as a regulator of cellular defense against weak organic acids and identified novel target genes of WatR.ResultsBy conducting an investigation into the genome-wide binding targets of WatR and its role in transcriptional regulation, we identified genes encoding an RND-type efflux pump (WatABO pump) and previously unannotated small open reading frames (smORFs),watS1towatS5, as WatR target genes activated in response to acetate. ThewatS1towatS5 genes encode polypeptides of approximately 50 amino acids, and WatS1 to WatS4 are highly homologous with one predicted transmembrane domain. Deletion of the WatABO pump genes resulted in decreased tolerance against formate, acetate, lactate, and propionate, suggesting its role as an efflux pump for a wide range of weak organic acids. WatR repressed the basal expression ofwatSgenes but activatedwatSand WatABO pump genes in response to acetate stress. Overexpression ofwatS1increased tolerance to acetate but not to other acids, only in the presence of the WatABO pump. Therefore, WatS1 may increase WatABO pump specificity toward acetate, switching the general weak acid efflux pump to an acetate-specific efflux pump for efficient cellular defense against acetate stress.ConclusionsOur study has elucidated the role of WatR as a key transcription factor in the cellular defense against weak organic acids, particularly acetate, inMethylomonassp. DH-1. We identified the genes encoding WatABO efflux pump and small polypeptides (WatS1 to WatS5), as the target genes regulated by WatR for this specific function. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying weak acid tolerance in methanotrophic bacteria, thereby contributing to the development of bioprocesses aimed at converting methane into value-added chemicals.
Consequences of migratory distance, habitat distribution and season on the migratory process in a short distance migratory shorebird population
Authors: Hedh Linus , Hedenström Anders 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The migratory process in birds consists of alternating periods of flight and fueling. Individuals of some populations make few flights and long stopovers, while others make multiple flights between short stopovers. Shorebirds are known for executing marathon flights (jumps), but most populations studied are long distance migrants, often crossing major barriers and thus forced to make long-haul flights. The sub-division of migration in short/medium distance migratory populations, where the total migration distance is shorter than documented non-stop flight capacity and where routes offer more homogenous stopover landscape, is little explored.

Methods
Here we combine data based on conventional light level geolocators and miniaturized multi sensor loggers, comprising acceleration and light sensors, to characterize the migratory routes and migration process for a short/medium distance (~ 1300 to 3000 km) migratory population of common ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) breeding in southern Sweden. We were specifically interested in the variation in number and duration (total and individual) of flights/stopovers between seasons and in relation to migration distance.

Results
Most stopovers were located along the European Atlantic coast. On average 4.5 flights were made during autumn migration irrespective of migration distance, but in spring the number of flights increased with distance. The equal number of flights in autumn was explained by that most individuals migrating farther performed one longer flight (all but one lasting > 20 h), likely including crossing of the Bay of Biscay. Median duration of single flights was 8.7 h in autumn and 5.5 h in spring, and median stopover duration was ~ 1 day in both seasons. There was a positive relationship between total flight duration and migration distance, but total flight duration was 36% lower in spring compared to autumn.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that when suitable stopovers are abundant common ringed plovers prefer making shorter flights even if longer flights are within the capacity of the species. This behaviour is predicted under both time and energy minimizing strategies, although the variable flight distances suggest a policy of time selected migration. Even if populations using several stopovers seem to be more resilient for environmental change along the route, these results are informative for conservation efforts and for predicting responses to future environmental change.
Alterations in iron content, iron-regulatory proteins and behaviour without tau pathology at one year following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Juan Sydney M. A. , Daglas Maria , Truong Phan H. , Mawal Celeste , Adlard Paul A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRepetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) has increasingly become recognised as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are characterised by tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and behavioural impairments. We aimed to characterise the status of tau and the involvement of iron dyshomeostasis in repetitive controlled cortical impact injury (5 impacts, 48 h apart) in 3-month-old C57Bl6 mice at the chronic (12-month) time point. We performed a battery of behavioural tests, characterised the status of neurodegeneration-associated proteins (tau and tau-regulatory proteins, amyloid precursor protein and iron-regulatory proteins) via western blot; and metal levels using bulk inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We report significant changes in various ipsilateral iron-regulatory proteins following five but not a single injury, and significant increases in contralateral iron, zinc and copper levels following five impacts. There was no evidence of tau pathology or changes in tau-regulatory proteins following five impacts, although some changes were observed following a single injury. Five impacts resulted in significant gait deficits, mild anhedonia and mild cognitive deficits at 9–12 months post-injury, effects not seen following a single injury. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to describe chronic changes in metals and iron-regulatory proteins in a mouse model of r-mTBI, providing a strong indication towards an overall increase in brain iron levels (and other metals) in the chronic phase following r-mTBI. These results bring to question the relevance of tau and highlight the involvement of iron dysregulation in the development and/or progression of neurodegeneration following injury, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches in the future.
Companion crops alter olfactory responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its larval endoparasitoid (Cotesia icipe)
Authors: Peter Emmanuel , Tamiru Amanuel , Sevgan Subramanian , Dubois Thomas , Kelemu Segenet , Kruger Kerstin , Torto Baldwyn , Yusuf Abdullahi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda, is a devastating invasive pest and a threat to food security in Africa, with yield losses of 20–50%. Recent studies highlighted the importance of cereal crops such as maize and sorghum as the most preferred host plants for FAW oviposition. In the current work, we investigated the olfactory responses of FAW and its key larval endoparasitoidCotesia icipeto odours from the preferred host (maize) in the presence of six potential companion crops including beans, groundnut, sweet potato, greenleaf- and silverleaf desmodium, and cassava. We hypothesized that odours released by companion crops in maize-based intercropping systems would alter host preferences of FAW for oviposition and its parasitoid responses.ResultsIn dual choice oviposition bioassays, FAW laid significantly more eggs on maize than on the other plants. However, in the multiple-choice bioassays, significantly fewer eggs were laid on maize when companion plants were present except cassava. While wind tunnel bioassays confirmed the differential behavioural responses of FAW, we found that its larval endoparasitoidC. icipewas attracted to volatiles from the companion plants tested individually and/or when they were combined with maize. Coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis detected several potential behaviour-modifying compounds including (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-β-ocimene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, camphor, methyl salicylate and (E, E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence supporting diversified maize cropping system could reduce FAW damage by repelling the pest while simultaneously recruiting its natural enemies. Hence, diversifying cereal cropping system with companion crops could serve as an ecologically sustainable FAW management strategy.Graphical Abstract
Elucidating the effects of organic vs. conventional cropping practice and rhizobia inoculation on rhizosphere microbial diversity and yield of peanut
Authors: Paudel Dev , Wang Liping , Poudel Ravin , Acharya Janam P , Victores Samantha , de Souza Cleber Henrique Lopes , Rios Esteban , Wang Jianping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLegumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogea) can fulfill most of their nitrogen requirement by symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia. Nutrient availability is largely determined by microbial diversity and activity in the rhizosphere that influences plant health, nutrition, and crop yield, as well as soil quality and soil fertility. However, our understanding of the complex effects of microbial diversity and rhizobia inoculation on crop yields of different peanut cultivars under organic versus conventional farming systems is extremely limited. In this research, we studied the impacts of conventional vs. organic cultivation practices and inoculation with commercial vs. single strain inoculum on peanut yield and soil microbial diversity of five peanut cultivars. The experiment was set up in the field following a split-split-plot design. Our results from the 16 S microbiome sequencing showed considerable variations of microbial composition between the cultivation types and inoculum, indicating a preferential association of microbes to peanut roots with various inoculum and cropping system. Alpha diversity indices (chao1, Shannon diversity, and Simpson index) of soil microbiome were generally higher in plots with organic than conventional inorganic practices. The cultivation type and inoculum explained significant differences among bacterial communities. Taxonomic classification revealed two phyla, TM6 and Firmicutes were significantly represented in inorganic as compared to organic soil, where significant phyla were Armatimonadetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3. Yields in the organic cultivation system decreased by 10–93% of the yields in the inorganic cultivation system. Cultivar G06 and T511 consistently showed relative high yields in both organic and inorganic trials. Our results show significant two-way interactions between cultivation type and genotype for most of the trait data collected. Therefore, it is critical for farmers to choose varieties based on their cultivation practices. Our results showed that bacterial structure was more uniform in organic fields and microbial diversity in legumes was reduced in inorganic fields. This research provided guides for farmers and scientists to improve peanut yield while promoting microbial diversity and increasing sustainability.
Heart Rate Variability-Derived Thresholds for Exercise Intensity Prescription in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review of Interrelations and Agreement with Different Ventilatory and Blood Lactate Thresholds
Authors: Kaufmann Sebastian , Gronwald Thomas , Herold Fabian , Hoos Olaf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundExercise intensities are prescribed using specific intensity zones (moderate, heavy, and severe) determined by a ‘lower’ and a ‘higher’ threshold. Typically, ventilatory (VT) or blood lactate thresholds (LT), and critical power/speed concepts (CP/CS) are used. Various heart rate variability-derived thresholds (HRVTs) using different HRV indices may constitute applicable alternatives, but a systematic review of the proximity of HRVTs to established threshold concepts is lacking.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to provide an overview of studies that determined HRVTs during endurance exercise in healthy adults in comparison with a reference VT and/or LT concept.MethodsA systematic literature search for studies determining HRVTs in healthy individuals during endurance exercise and comparing them with VTs or LTs was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (until January 2022). Studies claiming to describe similar physiological boundaries to delineate moderate from heavy (HRVTlow vs. VTlow and/or LTlow), and heavy from severe intensity zone (HRVThigh vs. VThigh and/or LThigh) were grouped and their results synthesized.ResultsTwenty-seven included studies (461 participants) showed a mean difference in relative HR between HRVTlow and VTlow of − 0.6%bpm in weighted means and 0.02%bpm between HRVTlow and LTlow. Bias between HR at HRVTlow and VTlow was 1 bpm (limits of agreement (LoA): − 10.9 to 12.8 bpm) and 2.7 bpm (LoA: − 20.4 to 25.8 bpm) between HRVTlow and LTlow. Mean difference in HR between HRVThigh and VThigh was 0.3%bpm in weighted means and 2.9%bpm between HRVThigh and LThigh while bias between HR at HRVThigh and VThigh was − 4 bpm (LoA: − 17.9 to 9.9 bpm) and 2.5 bpm (LoA: − 12.1 to 17.1 bpm) between HRVThigh and LThigh.ConclusionHRVTlow seems to be a promising approach for the determination of a ‘lower’ threshold comparable to VTlow and potentially for HRVThigh compared to VThigh, although the latter needs further empirical evaluation. LoA for both intensity zone boundaries indicates bias of HRVTs on an individual level. Taken together, HRVTs can be a promising alternative for prescribing exercise intensity in healthy, male athletes undertaking endurance activities but due to the heterogeneity of study design, threshold concepts, standardization, and lack of female participants, further research is necessary to draw more robust and nuanced conclusions.