bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting evolution in experimental range expansions of an aquatic model system
Authors: Zilio Giacomo , Krenek Sascha , Gougat-Barbera Claire , Fronhofer Emanuel A , Kaltz Oliver 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Predicting range expansion dynamics is an important goal of both fundamental and applied research in conservation and global change biology. However, this is challenging if ecological and evolutionary processes occur on the same time scale. Using the freshwater ciliate Paramecium caudatum, we combined experimental evolution and mathematical modeling to assess the predictability of evolutionary change during range expansions. In the experiment, we followed ecological dynamics and trait evolution in independently replicated microcosm populations in range core and front treatments, where episodes of natural dispersal alternated with periods of population growth. These eco-evolutionary conditions were recreated in a predictive mathematical model, parametrized with dispersal and growth data of the 20 founder strains in the experiment. We found that short-term evolution was driven by selection for increased dispersal in the front treatment and general selection for higher growth rates in all treatments. There was a good quantitative match between predicted and observed trait changes. Phenotypic divergence was further mirrored by genetic divergence between range core and front treatments. In each treatment, we found the repeated fixation of the same cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) marker genotype, carried by strains that also were the most likely winners in our model. Long-term evolution in the experimental range front lines resulted in the emergence of a dispersal syndrome, namely a competition—colonization trade-off. Altogether, both model and experiment highlight the potential importance of dispersal evolution as a driver of range expansions. Thus, evolution at range fronts may follow predictable trajectories, at least for simple scenarios, and predicting these dynamics may be possible from knowledge of few key parameters.
Characteristics of The Bleached Microbiome of The Generalist CoralPocillopora damicornisfrom Two Distinct Reef Habitats
Authors: Bergman J L , Ricci F , Leggat W , Ainsworth T D 
Published: March 2023

SynopsisGeneralist coral species may play an important role in predicting, managing, and responding to the growing coral reef crisis as sea surface temperatures are rising and reef wide bleaching events are becoming more common. Pocilloporids are amongst the most widely distributed and studied of generalist corals, characterized by a broad geographic distribution, phenotypic plasticity, and tolerance of sub-optimal conditions for coral recruitment and survival. Emerging research indicates that microbial communities associated with Pocilloporid corals may be contributing to their persistence on coral reefs impacted by thermal stress; however, we lack detailed information on shifts in the coral–bacterial symbiosis during bleaching events across many of the reef habitats these corals are found. Here, we characterized the bacterial communities of healthy and bleached Pocillopora damicornis corals during the bleaching events that occurred during the austral summer of 2020 on Heron Island, on the southern Great Barrier Reef, and the austral summer of 2019 on Lord Howe Island, the most southerly coral reef in Australia. Regardless of reef location, significant differences in α and β diversities, core bacterial community, and inferred functional profile of the bleached microbiome of P. damicornis were not detected. Consistent with previous reports, patterns in the Pocilloporid coral microbiome, including no increase in pathogenic taxa or evidence of dysbiosis, are conserved during bleaching responses. We hypothesize that the resilience of holobiont interactions may aid the Pocilloporids to survive Symbiodiniaceae loss and contribute to the success of Pocilloporids.
Can precision antibiotic prescribing help prevent the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms in the hospital setting?
Authors: Vasikasin Vasin , Rawson Timothy M , Holmes Alison H , Otter Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) is a significant global threat. Reduction of carbapenem consumption can decrease CROs. In the global endemic era of ESBL-producing bacteria, carbapenems are considered the treatment of choice, leading to challenge in limiting carbapenem use. This review describes the role of precision prescribing for prevention of CROs. This involves improving antibiotic selection, dosing and shortening duration. The effect of different antibiotics, dosing and duration on CRO development are explored. Available options for precision prescribing, gaps in the scientific evidence, and areas for future research are also presented.
Central Banks and Climate Change: Mission Impossible?
Authors: Cullen Jay 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
There is growing presumption that central banks have a significant role to play in addressing environmental challenges, especially climate change. This article explains, on the basis of both theoretical and empirical evidence, that attempting to use existing central bank tools and powers to tackle climate change will prove inadequate to tackle the issue(s) at hand. From a positivist perspective at least—and contrary to the claims made in the literature—the tools that central banks possess are insufficient to make any meaningful contribution to emissions reductions and prevent global heating. This is because many of the proposals made by academics, regulators, and legislators to expand the central bank toolkit to equip banks to tackle climate change suffer from deep conceptual and practical drawbacks when applied in this domain. These critical weaknesses mean that the policy prescriptions that flow from them will be of limited impact; this would likely be the case even if central banks were to obviate their mandates more explicitly and attempt to use such tools to address climate change directly. In so doing, they waste valuable political and economic capital that might be usefully deployed in tackling climate change. The obstacles to using these tools are not political or legal; they are inherent in their operation.
Robotic-assisted distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy in a paediatric patient for solid pseudopapillary tumour
Authors: Sergi William , Depalma Norma , Marchese Tiziana , Manoochehri Farshad , D’Ugo Stefano , Garritano Stefano , Botrugno Ivan , Chiappini Ambra , Libia Annarita , Atzeni Carlo Olla , Stasi Elisa , Spampinato Marcello G 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSolid pseudopapillary tumour is a rare low-grade malignant potential carcinoma of the pancreas that typically occurs in females in their third decade. It most commonly occurs in the tail of the pancreas, although any site can be affected. Surgical resection is the standard treatment and offers an excellent prognosis. We report a case of a 17-year-old female with an acute onset abdominal pain and a radiological diagnosis of a cystic lesion in the distal pancreas. A robotic-assisted distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. Robotic-assisted surgery is an emerging technique for the treatment of pancreatic neoplasms. This approach can be considered for younger patients, thanks to the potential advantages of the robotic Da Vinci Xi System.
Acinar cystic transformation of the pancreas causing progressive main pancreatic duct dilation: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Sebastian Elizabeth , Longano Anthony , Wei Matthew Y K , Goonawardena Janindu , Bull Nicholas , Hassen Sayed 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAcinar cystic transformation (ACT) of the pancreas is a rare benign lesion. We describe a case of ACT with progressive main pancreatic duct dilation concerning for malignancy, not previously described. We discuss the difficulties associated with imaging and biopsy in differentiating this pathology from other cystic lesions, including intraductal mucinous papillary neoplasms.
The case of the missing spacer!
Authors: Boerkamp Andrea , De Robles Marie Shella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe SpaceOAR Vue hydrogel system was developed to reduce the toxicity to the rectum following radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Initial trial data reported the product as overall effective and safe. However, a few additional observed complications have likely been brought on by its increased utilization. The case presented herein describes rectal erosion, with abscess and rectal fistula formation, associated with the use of the SpaceOAR Vue hydrogel system. The SpaceOAR Vue hydrogel system was subsequently found to be absent between radiotherapy treatments and was thought to have been passed rectally through the fistula. The benefits and complications of the SpaceOAR Vue hydrogel system are discussed, as well as key factors to consider as the recommendation of routine use increases.
GMC collisions as triggers of star formation – VIII. The core mass function
Authors: Hsu Chia-Jung , Tan Jonathan C , Christie Duncan , Cheng Yu , O’Neill Theo J 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTCompression in giant molecular cloud (GMC) collisions is a promising mechanism to trigger the formation of massive star clusters and OB associations. We simulate colliding and non-colliding magnetized GMCs and examine the properties of pre-stellar cores, selected from projected mass surface density maps, including after synthetic ALMA observations. We then examine core properties, including mass, size, density, velocity, velocity dispersion, temperature, and magnetic field strength. After 4 Myr, ∼1000 cores have formed in the GMC collision, and the high-mass end of the core mass function (CMF) can be fit by a power-law dN/dlogM ∝ M−α with α ≃ 0.7, i.e. relatively top heavy compared to a Salpeter mass function. Depending on how cores are identified, a break in the power law can appear around a few $\times 10\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The non-colliding GMCs form fewer cores with a CMF with α ≃ 0.8–1.2, i.e. closer to the Salpeter index. We compare the properties of these CMFs to those of several observed samples of cores. Considering other properties, cores formed from colliding clouds are typically warmer, have more disturbed internal kinematics, and are more likely to be gravitational unbound, than cores formed from non-colliding GMCs. The dynamical state of the protocluster of cores formed in the GMC–GMC collision is intrinsically subvirial but can appear to be supervirial if the total mass measurement is affected by observations that miss mass on large scales or at low densities.
Diverse targets ofSMN2-directed splicing-modulating small molecule therapeutics for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Ottesen Eric W , Singh Natalia N , Luo Diou , Kaas Bailey , Gillette Benjamin J , Seo Joonbae , Jorgensen Hannah J , Singh Ravindra N 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDesigning an RNA-interacting molecule that displays high therapeutic efficacy while retaining specificity within a broad concentration range remains a challenging task. Risdiplam is an FDA-approved small molecule for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. Branaplam is another small molecule which has undergone clinical trials. The therapeutic merit of both compounds is based on their ability to restore body-wide inclusion of Survival Motor Neuron 2 (SMN2) exon 7 upon oral administration. Here we compare the transcriptome-wide off-target effects of these compounds in SMA patient cells. We captured concentration-dependent compound-specific changes, including aberrant expression of genes associated with DNA replication, cell cycle, RNA metabolism, cell signaling and metabolic pathways. Both compounds triggered massive perturbations of splicing events, inducing off-target exon inclusion, exon skipping, intron retention, intron removal and alternative splice site usage. Our results of minigenes expressed in HeLa cells provide mechanistic insights into how these molecules targeted towards a single gene produce different off-target effects. We show the advantages of combined treatments with low doses of risdiplam and branaplam. Our findings are instructive for devising better dosing regimens as well as for developing the next generation of small molecule therapeutics aimed at splicing modulation.
A complementary approach for genetic diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity using proteogenomic analysis
Authors: Sakura Fumiaki , Noma Kosuke , Asano Takaki , Tanita Kay , Toyofuku Etsushi , Kato Kentaro , Tsumura Miyuki , Nihira Hiroshi , Izawa Kazushi , Mitsui-Sekinaka Kanako , Konno Ryo , Kawashima Yusuke , Mizoguchi Yoko , Karakawa Shuhei , Hayakawa Seiichi , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Imai Kohsuke , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Yasumi Takahiro , Ohnishi Hidenori , Kanegane Hirokazu , Ohara Osamu , Okada Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have identified many genes responsible for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). However, there is still room for improvement in the efficiency of genetic diagnosis. Recently, RNA sequencing and proteomics using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have gained attention, but only some studies have integrated these analyses in IEI. Moreover, previous proteomic studies for PBMCs have achieved limited coverage (approximately 3000 proteins). More comprehensive data are needed to gain valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying IEI. Here, we propose a state-of-the-art method for diagnosing IEI using PBMCs proteomics integrated with targeted RNA sequencing (T-RNA-seq), providing unique insights into the pathogenesis of IEI. This study analyzed 70 IEI patients whose genetic etiology had not been identified by genetic analysis. In-depth proteomics identified 6498 proteins, which covered 63% of 527 genes identified in T-RNA-seq, allowing us to examine the molecular cause of IEI and immune cell defects. This integrated analysis identified the disease-causing genes in four cases undiagnosed in previous genetic studies. Three of them could be diagnosed by T-RNA-seq, while the other could only be diagnosed by proteomics. Moreover, this integrated analysis showed high protein–mRNA correlations in B- and T-cell-specific genes, and their expression profiles identified patients with immune cell dysfunction. These results indicate that integrated analysis improves the efficiency of genetic diagnosis and provides a deep understanding of the immune cell dysfunction underlying the etiology of IEI. Our novel approach demonstrates the complementary role of proteogenomic analysis in the genetic diagnosis and characterization of IEI.
The impact of social determinants of health on the presentation, management and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Williams Jessica N , Drenkard Cristina , Lim S Sam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDisparities in SLE rates and outcomes have been attributed to genetic and hormonal factors, cigarette smoking and environmental pollutants. However, a growing body of research indicates that social determinants of health (SDH) also have substantial impact on the disparities that characterize SLE. According to the World Health Organization, SDH are defined as ‘the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age’, account for 30–55% of health outcomes, and adversely impact health outcomes among those of low socioeconomic status and stigmatized racial/ethnic groups. We reviewed the impact of key SDH on SLE presentation, management and outcomes, including income, education, neighbourhood factors, healthcare access, discrimination and social support. We found that adverse SDH conditions may lead to more severe SLE with increased morbidity and mortality, and that SDH affect SLE management by dictating the most feasible monitoring and treatment plan for each individual patient based on his or her specific life circumstances (for example, based on health insurance status, distance to nearest provider and/or drug affordability). SDH also have a significant impact on SLE outcomes, with worse disease and psychosocial outcomes associated with lower income level, lower educational attainment, disadvantaged neighbourhoods, lack of health insurance or public health insurance in the USA, travel burden to nearest provider, anti-Black racism and lower social support. Future efforts to improve the management and outcomes of patients with SLE must combat the societal, economic and political forces that perpetuate these inequities.
A Scoping Review of Retrieval Practice (Test-Enhanced Learning) in Nursing Education
Authors: Van Hoof Thomas J. , Leary Catherine M. , Banfi Valori , Polifroni E. Carol 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to determine the status of retrieval practice in original research of nursing education.

BACKGROUND
The science of learning is an emerging interdisciplinary field that offers evidence-based strategies to improve learning. One of the most highly effective strategies is retrieval practice, which involves recalling previously learned information from long-term memory prior to additional study.

METHOD
Searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Psych INFO, and ERIC, an interprofessional team followed a formal scoping review framework and utilized the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews to report the findings.

RESULTS
The review included 25 research studies, with all but one at the prelicensure level. Quantitative designs were most common, and outcomes reflected objective and subjective measures. If present, terms were varied and inconsistent with supporting research. Documentation of many characteristics was lacking.

CONCLUSION
Retrieval practice is an increasingly common strategy being studied at the prelicensure level. Opportunities for improvement include consistent use of standard terminology, documentation of important characteristics, and more attention to subjective outcomes and to graduate and continuing education levels.
Who Benefits From Allowing the Physis to Grow in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?
Authors: Winger Breanna J. , Dobbe Ashlee M. , Cheng Tegan L. , Little David G. , Gibbons Paul J. 
Published: March 2023

Background:The globally acknowledged treatment for mild to moderate slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is single screw in situ fixation, also used for prophylactic contralateral fixation. The Free-Gliding Screw (FG; Pega Medical) is a 2-part free-extending screw system designed to allow the growth of the proximal femur. We aimed to analyze the relationship between skeletal maturity and potential growth of the proximal physis and remodeling of the femoral neck using this implant.Materials and Methods:Females below 12 years and males below 14 years undergoing in situ fixation for stable SCFE or prophylactic fixation were treated using the implant. Three elements of the modified Oxford Bone (mOB3) score were used to measure maturity (triradiate cartilage, head of the femur, and greater trochanter). Radiographs were analyzed immediately postoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years for a change in screw length, posterior-sloping angle, articulotrochanteric distance, α angle, and head-neck offset.Results:The study group comprised 30 (F:M=12:18) of 39 hips treated with SCFE and 22 (F:M=13:9) of 29 hips managed prophylactically using the free-Gliding screw. In the therapeutic group, chronologic age was a less valuable predictor of future screw lengthening than mOB3. An mOB3of ≤13 predicted future growth of >6 mm but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.07). Patients with open triradiates showed a mean screw lengthening of 6.6 mm compared with those with closed triradiates (4.0 mm), but this did not reach significance (P=0.12). In those with mOB3≤13, the α angle reduced significantly (P<0.01) and the head-neck offset increased significantly, suggesting remodeling. There was no change in these parameters when mOB3≥14. In the prophylactic group, change in screw length was significant with mOB3of ≤13 (mean=8.0 mm,P<0.05), as was the presence of an open triradiate cartilage (mean=7.7 mm,P<0.05). In both cohorts, posterior-sloping angle and articulotrochanteric distance did not change, indicating no slip progression in either treatment or prophylactic groups and minimal effect on the proximal physeal growth relative to the greater trochanter.Conclusions:Growing screw constructs can halt slip progression while allowing proximal femoral growth in young patients with SCFE. Ongoing growth is better when the implant is used for prophylactic fixation. The results in treated SCFE need to be expanded to demonstrate a clinically meaningful cut-off for significant growth, but SCFE patients with an open triradiate remodel significantly more than those where it is closed.Level of Evidence:Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Understanding the Impact of Bowel Dysfunction on Quality of Life after Rectal Cancer Surgery from the Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Maalouf Michael F. , Robitaille Stephan , Penta Ruxandra , Pook Makena , Liberman A. Sender , Fiore Julio F. , Feldman Liane S. , Lee Lawrence 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:
Bowel dysfunction is an important consequence of rectal cancer surgery and the specific quality of life domains that are affected remain unclear and unaddressed by generic surveys.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify quality of life domains most affected by rectal cancer surgery.

DESIGN:
Qualitative content analysis.

SETTINGS:
Semi-structured interviews conducted by telephone with patients recruited from a single university-affiliated colorectal referral center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery with sphincter preservation from 07/2017 to 07/2020. Patients were excluded if their surgery was <1 year since the recruitment date, received a permanent stoma, or developed recurrence or metastasis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Bowel dysfunction was evaluated via the low anterior resection syndrome score. Interview transcripts were coded by 2 independent reviewers and evaluated for concordance. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify themes, with their frequency of occurrence quantified (percent total number of interviews).

RESULTS:
A total of 54 patient interviews were conducted. Analysis revealed 5 quality of life related themes impacted by bowel dysfunction: experiencing psychological and emotional stress, challenging roles and relationships within society, encountering physical limitations, restricting leisure and recreational activities, and self-empowerment and adapting to change. Patients with minor and major bowel dysfunction were more likely to report disruption to social activities and role as a sexual partner versus those with no bowel dysfunction. Patients with major bowel dysfunction were more likely to report effects on sleep versus those with no and minor bowel dysfunction.

LIMITATIONS:
Single center, self-reported, and observer bias.

CONCLUSION:
The impact of bowel dysfunction on quality of life includes a wide range of themes that extend beyond the traditional measures. These results may help better inform patients in the preoperative setting and serve as a basis for the development of a more patient-centered quality of life survey.