bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH on adsorption and loss control of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Zhang Zeyuan , Tang Liangjie , Luo Jing , Tan Jinfang , Jiang Xiaoqian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Low efficiency and high surface runoff of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from agricultural field threaten crop yield severely. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have shown promising adsorption properties for 2,4-D. However, the comparison of two environmentally friendly LDHs (i.e. Mg/Al-LDH vs Mg/Fe-LDH) on adsorption of 2,4-D and corresponding intrinsic mechanisms are still unclear, and the studies on the leaching control of 2,4-D by LDHs in soil environment are particularly limited. In this study, Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH were selected to conduct their adsorption kinetics experiment for 2,4-D combined with the characterization technology. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH for 2,4-D was up to 242 mg kg−1 and 64 mg kg−1, respectively, which were negatively correlated with pH. Adsorption mechanisms of both Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH for 2,4-D are dominated by chemical adsorption, including electrostatic attraction and inner sphere complexation, but no interlayer adsorption mechanism. Mg/Al-LDH contains smaller metal ion radius, which provides greater surface charge density, resulting in greater electrostatic attraction and inner sphere complexation to 2,4-D compared to Mg/Fe-LDH. The greater adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-LDH for 2,4-D was driven by the higher adsorption energy (E
ads) and lower electron density, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The soil column experiment further verified that Mg/Al-LDH could control the loss of 2,4-D more effectively, and the leaching amount could be significantly reduced by 61.7%, while the effect of Mg/Fe-LDH was only 24.2%. This study provides theoretical guidance for screening more potential LDH types to solve the leaching loss of 2,4-D from soil and improve its effectiveness in agricultural production.

Graphical Abstract
Owl Cave Revisited: Examining the Evidence for a Folsom-Bison Association
Authors: Henrikson L. Suzann , Clements Joshua G. , Loftus Shannon L. , Duke Daron 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The discovery of green-fractured mammoth bone in Owl Cave in the 1970s inspired the original investigators to focus primarily on the possible association between these remains and Folsom points recovered from the same stratum. With the Museum of Idaho's recent acquisition of the complete Owl Cave collection, we have gained a better understanding of the periglacial processes that appear to have displaced and mixed mammoth remains with a younger Folsom component. New efforts to date bison bone also recovered from the lowest levels of the cave have produced radiocarbon dates that fall within the accepted age range of Folsom technology. These results have prompted efforts to investigate the potential for an association between the lithic assemblage and bison, a scenario that is much more plausible given our current understanding of the Folsom archaeological record.
When a rise is not only a rise: An acoustic analysis of the impressionistic distinction between northern and central Taiwan Mandarin using Tone 1 as an example
Authors: Fon Janice , Chuang Yu-Ying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study looked at the realization of the high-level Tone 1 in Taiwan Mandarin to examine a public impression of the central dialect, which is said to have a tendency to end with a rise. Fifty-three Mandarin native speakers (27 northern and 26 central) were recruited. Half performed a reading task and half a word-guessing task on 24 disyllabic words with Tone 1 embedded. Results showed rising realizations were the most prominent for the tone, regardless of dialect, gender, genre, and syllable position, but were more prevalent among females than males, and more common and enlarged in the final than the non-final position. Dialectal differences were twofold and mainly lay in the acoustic realization. Central speakers showed both a lower pitch register and a steeper declination than their northern counterparts, and central females also demonstrated an upstep in the final position of the word-guessing task, which completely annihilated the effect of the downtrend. This implies the impressionistic tendency to end high indeed exists in the Tone 1 of the central variety, but its percept is not based on rising realizations alone. Instead, it stands out as a dialectal feature via an enlargement of the rise in the foreground against a disruption of the downward trend in the background. The female lead in the realization suggests the rising Tone 1 does not come with a negative connotation. Perceptual tolerance for the variant likely stemmed from a long-standing free variation between high-level and high-rise for the tone.
Banking concentration and its determinants at the regional level during the Spanish developmentalism
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pedro , Santos Juan Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1962, Spain implemented significant banking law changes to boost competition. This study investigates their impact on provincial banking concentration from 1964 to 1975, utilising novel provincial-level private bank balance sheet data and including savings banks. Results show a substantial decline in concentration across most provinces. Panel data models identify the determinants of banking concentration: larger populations and higher gross domestic product per capita correlate with lower concentration, while agrarian-focused provinces exhibit higher concentration. The provincial financial sector's structure also matters, with a higher number of branches and headquarters per capita associated with reduced banking concentration. These findings refine existing literature and provide new insights into the intricate relationship between banking concentration and regional economies in Spain.
Wearable gesture control design for unmanned aerial vehicle based on multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Liu Guang , Liu Yang , Fan Shurui , Cui Weijia , Xia Kewen , Wang Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional bulky and complex control devices such as remote control and ground station cannot meet the requirement of fast and flexible control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in complex environments. Therefore, a data glove based on multi-sensor fusion is designed in this paper. In order to achieve the goal of gesture control of UAVs, the method can accurately recognize various gestures and convert them into corresponding UAV control commands. First, the wireless data glove fuses flexible fiber optic sensors and inertial sensors to construct a gesture dataset. Then, the trained neural network model is deployed to the STM32 microcontroller-based data glove for real-time gesture recognition, in which the convolutional neural network-Attention mechanism (CNN-Attention) network is used for static gesture recognition, and the convolutional neural network-bidirectional long and short-term memory (CNN-Bi-LSTM) network is used for dynamic gesture recognition. Finally, the gestures are converted into control commands and sent to the vehicle terminal to control the UAV. Through the UAV simulation test on the simulation platform, the average recognition accuracy of 32 static gestures reaches 99.7%, and the average recognition accuracy of 13 dynamic gestures reaches 99.9%, which indicates that the system’s gesture recognition effect is perfect. The task test in the scene constructed in the real environment shows that the UAV can respond to the gestures quickly, and the method proposed in this paper can realize the real-time stable control of the UAV on the terminal side.
Physics‐Informed Estimation of Tidal and Subtidal Flow Fields From ADCP Repeat Transect Data
Authors: Jongbloed H. , Vermeulen B. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAcoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are a global standard in observing flow fields in rivers, estuaries and the coastal ocean. To date, it remains a labor intensive challenge to isolate mean flow fields governed by river discharge, tides and atmospheric forcing on the one hand, from small‐scale turbulence, positioning imprecision, Doppler noise and erroneous backscatter, on the other hand. Here, we introduce a generic, new method of combining raw shipborne ADCP transect data with continuity and smoothness constraints to obtain better estimates of turbulence‐averaged three‐dimensional flow velocities in any type of open water body. The physical constraints are enforced with variable relative importance via generalized Tikhonov regularization. We demonstrate that in complex estuarine flow, this procedure allows for more reliable estimates of tidal amplitudes, phases and their gradients than what is possible with a purely data‐based approach, by testing the method's generalization capabilities and robustness to turbulence and measurement noise on a data set retrieved at a tidal channel junction. The increased adherence to mass conservation and robustness to noise of various kinds allows for more reliable and verifiable estimates of Reynolds‐averaged flow components, and subsequently, of terms in the Navier‐Stokes equations.
FGFR antagonists restore defective mandibular bone repair in a mouse model of osteochondrodysplasia
Authors: Morice Anne , de La Seiglière Amélie , Kany Alexia , Khonsari Roman H. , Bensidhoum Morad , Puig-Lombardi Maria-Emilia , Legeai Mallet Laurence 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes lead to chondrodysplasia and craniosynostoses. FGFR signaling has a key role in the formation and repair of the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we analyzed the impact of Fgfr2- and Fgfr3-activating mutations on mandibular bone formation and endochondral bone repair after non-stabilized mandibular fractures in mouse models of Crouzon syndrome (Crz) and hypochondroplasia (Hch). Bone mineralization of the calluses was abnormally high in Crz mice and abnormally low in Hch mice. The latter model presented pseudarthrosis and impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Spatial transcriptomic analyses of the Hch callus revealed abnormally low expression of Col11, Col1a, Dmp1 genes in mature chondrocytes. We found that the expression of genes involved in autophagy and apoptosis (Smad1, Comp, Birc2) was significantly perturbed and that the Dusp3, Dusp9, and Socs3 genes controlling the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were overexpressed. Lastly, we found that treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BGJ398, infigratinib) or a C-type natriuretic peptide (BMN111, vosoritide) fully rescued the defective endochondral bone repair observed in Hch mice. Taken as a whole, our findings show that FGFR3 is a critical orchestrator of bone repair and provide a rationale for the development of potential treatments for patients with FGFR3-osteochondrodysplasia.
Clinical studies in Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease dogs: most prescribed ACEI inhibits ACE2 enzyme activity and ARB increases AngII pool in plasma
Authors: Nair Smruti K. , Hersh Elliot V. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Daniell Henry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The hypertension patient population has doubled since 1990, affecting 1.3 billion globally and >75% live in low-and middle-income countries. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) are the most prescribed drugs (>160 million times in the US), but mortality increased >30% since 1990s globally. Clinical relevance of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) is directly linked to WHO group 2 pulmonary hypertension, with no disease specific therapies. Therefore, MMVD pet dogs with elevated systolic blood pressure treated with ACEI/ARB, were supplemented with oral ACE2 enzyme and Angiotensin1-7 (Ang1-7) bioencapsulated in plant cells. The oral ACE2/Ang1-7 was well tolerated by healthy and MMVD dogs with no adverse events and increased sACE2 activity by 670–755% with ARB (Telmisartan) than with ACEI (Enalapril) background therapy. In vitro rhACE2 activity was inhibited >90% by ACEIs enalapril/benazeprilat at higher doses but lisinopril inhibited at much lower doses. Membrane ACE2 activity evaluated in exosomes was 43-fold higher than the sACE2 and this was also inhibited 211% by ACEI, when compared to ARB. Background ACEI treatment reduced the Ang-II pool by 11-20-fold and proportionately decreased the abundance of Ang1-7 + Ang1-5 peptides. In contrast, ARB treatment increased Ang-II pool 11-20-fold and Ang1-7 + Ang1-5 by 160–260%. Systolic blood pressure was regulated by ARB better than ACEI, despite very high Ang-II levels. This first report on evaluation of metabolic pools in the RAS pathway identifies surprising interactions between ACEI/ARB/ACE2 and significant changes in key molecular dynamics. Affordable biologics developed in plant cells may offer potential new treatment options for hypertension.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Loi Sherene , Salgado Roberto , Curigliano Giuseppe , Romero Díaz Roberto Iván , Delaloge Suzette , Rojas García Carlos Ignacio , Kok Marleen , Saura Cristina , Harbeck Nadia , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Yardley Denise A. , Suárez Zaizar Alberto , Caminos Facundo Rufino , Ungureanu Andrei , Reinoso-Toledo Joaquin G. , Guarneri Valentina , Egle Daniel , Ades Felipe , Pacius Misena , Chhibber Aparna , Chandra Rajalakshmi , Nathani Raheel , Spires Thomas , Wu Jenny Qun , Pusztai Lajos , McArthur Heather 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2− BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype. We conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial to investigate the benefit of adding nivolumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk, grade 3 or 2 (ER 1 to ≤10%) ER+/HER2− primary BC. In total, 510 patients were randomized to receive anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy with either intravenous nivolumab or placebo. The primary endpoint of pCR was significantly higher in the nivolumab arm compared with placebo (24.5% versus 13.8%; P = 0.0021), with greater benefit observed in patients with programmed death ligand 1-positive tumors (VENTANA SP142 ≥1%: 44.3% versus 20.2% respectively). There were no new safety signals identified. Of the five deaths that occurred in the nivolumab arm, two were related to study drug toxicity; no deaths occurred in the placebo arm. Adding nivolumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased pCR rates in high-risk, early-stage ER+/HER2− BC, particularly among patients with higher stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels or programmed death ligand 1 expression, suggesting a new treatment paradigm that emphasizes the role of immunotherapy and T cell immunosurveillance in luminal disease. Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT04109066
Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER+/HER2− breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Cardoso Fatima , O’Shaughnessy Joyce , Liu Zhenzhen , McArthur Heather , Schmid Peter , Cortes Javier , Harbeck Nadia , Telli Melinda L. , Cescon David W. , Fasching Peter A. , Shao Zhimin , Loirat Delphine , Park Yeon Hee , Fernandez Manuel Gonzalez , Rubovszky Gábor , Spring Laura , Im Seock-Ah , Hui Rina , Takano Toshimi , André Fabrice , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Ding Yu , Jia Liyi , Karantza Vassiliki , Tryfonidis Konstantinos , Bardia Aditya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER+/HER2− grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1–2 or T3–4, cN0–2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W. After surgery (with/without adjuvant radiation therapy), patients received adjuvant pembrolizumab or placebo for nine cycles plus adjuvant endocrine therapy. Dual primary endpoints were pathological complete response and event-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. In total, 635 patients were assigned to the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy arm and 643 to the placebo−chemotherapy arm. At the study’s prespecified first interim analysis, the pathological complete response rate was 24.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 21.0–27.8%) in the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy arm and 15.6% (95% CI, 12.8–18.6%) in the placebo−chemotherapy arm (estimated treatment difference, 8.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.2–12.8; P = 0.00005). Event-free survival was not mature in this analysis. During the neoadjuvant phase, treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥3 were reported in 52.5% and 46.4% of patients in the pembrolizumab−chemotherapy and placebo−chemotherapy arms, respectively. In summary, the addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the pathological complete response rate in patients with high-risk, early-stage ER+/HER2− breast cancer. Safety was consistent with the known profiles of each study treatment. Follow-up continues for event-free survival. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03725059.
Seismic refraction investigation of the shallow bedrock in New Qena City, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Abdelgowad Ahmed M. , El-Haddad Assem E. , Aglan Mohamed I. , Hamed Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The seismic refraction technique has demonstrated its efficiency as a cost-effective geophysical approach for bedrock investigation, which is very important for major construction projects. In the southern part of New Qena City, in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, construction of many domestic facilities is planned. Therefore, a prior investigation focusing on bedrock is required to validate the site for construction and other projects. In this study, a site investigation of the southern part of New Qena City is conducted using the seismic refraction method to estimate the depth and thickness of the bedrock and to present the subsurface structural features affecting the area. Ten seismic refraction profiles were measured, and the data were used for tomographic inversion. The results revealed a four-layered subsurface, with the bedrock represented by the mudstone unit of the Pliocene Durri Formation. This layer is located at a shallow depth and exhibits relatively low velocities as well as lateral velocity variations. This is attributed to the clay content of the layer, the high degree of fracturing, and the lateral facies variation. Therefore, the layer could undergo geotechnical problems that could affect future construction projects in the area. Ten subsurface faults were also detected in the velocity sections.
Interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass, abiotic factors, and plant diversity in global grasslands
Authors: Spohn Marie , Bagchi Sumanta , Bakker Jonathan D. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Carbutt Clinton , Catford Jane A. , Dickman Christopher R. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Koerner Sally E. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laanisto Lauri , Lekberg Ylva , Martina Jason P. , Martinson Holly , Pärtel Meelis , Peri Pablo L. , Risch Anita C. , Smith Nicholas G. , Stevens Carly , Veen G. F. Ciska , Virtanen Risto , Yahdjian Laura , Young Alyssa L. , Young Hillary S. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Grasslands cover approximately a third of the Earth’s land surface and account for about a third of terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, we lack strong predictive models of grassland plant biomass, the primary source of carbon in grasslands. This lack of predictive ability may arise from the assumption of linear relationships between plant biomass and the environment and an underestimation of interactions of environmental variables. Using data from 116 grasslands on six continents, we show unimodal relationships between plant biomass and ecosystem characteristics, such as mean annual precipitation and soil nitrogen. Further, we found that soil nitrogen and plant diversity interacted in their relationships with plant biomass, such that plant diversity and biomass were positively related at low levels of nitrogen and negatively at elevated levels of nitrogen. Our results show that it is critical to account for the interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass and several environmental variables to accurately include plant biomass in global vegetation and carbon models.
Germanate Glasses and Melts
Authors: Shelby James E 
Published: January 2025

This book provides a comprehensive review of the properties, structure, and applications of germanate glasses and melts. These glasses are of great interest to basic glass scientists due to their unusual trends in many properties, commonly known as the “germanate anomaly”, and their ability to combine with other glass forming oxides such as SiO2 and B2O3, resulting in glasses with unique properties.
This book also provides an overview of the current and potential applications of germanate glasses which range from the use of GeO2 as a dopant in telecommunication fibers to future uses in non-optical applications such as radiation shielding and specialized hermetic glass-to-metal seals.
Authored by an expert on the formation and properties of glasses, this is an excellent companion for academics and postgraduates, while the application focus will appeal to those working in industry.
Evaluation of the Cow’s Milk and Hen’s Egg Ladder in Daily Practice:
A Parent Perspective
Authors: Bozic Manuela , Roth Michèle S. , Martin Lina , Werder Andrea , Bellutti Enders Felicitas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract Evaluation of the cow’s milk (CM) and hen’s egg (HE) ladder to improve
medical care of children with CM and/or HE allergy. Through an anonymous retrospective online questionnaire, we
investigated parent perspectives regarding the therapy option of a CM and HE
ladder in children with CM and/or HE allergy. Of the 54 families contacted, 29 took part in the study. 19/29
children had already completed the ladders when the survey took place. 19/29
children showed an allergic reaction during the treatment of whom 17 presented
skin rashes. 16/29 parents were anxious to rise to the next step in the
protocol. 15/29 had difficulties with the implementation of the therapy due to
the child refusing the offered food and organizational issues. Medical support
as well as the ladder as a therapy option were scored satisfactory. The participating parents were satisfied with the therapy
option and medical care. We identified two main areas for improvement: First,
the suggested food for every step should be more diverse, according to the
families’ culture background and nutritional needs/demands. Second, to reduce
anxiety regarding the therapy, parents must be informed that although allergic
reactions are common, they remain mild. Furthermore, we will suggest step
changes under medical supervision, especially in families with a slow
progression of the food ladder. With these improvements, the duration of therapy
could be shortened, thus reducing the risk of an allergic reaction, the need for
medical care by an allergist and therefore reducing healthcare costs.