bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess fibroblast growth factor 23 in alcoholic osteomalacia is derived from the bone
Authors: Hidaka Naoko , Oyama Yuko , Koga Minae , Kondo Naoki , Yasunaga Yoichi , Shimakura Taketoshi , Yamamoto Noriaki , Takahashi Hideaki E , Iwafuchi Yoichi , Watanabe So , Kimura Soichiro , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Kato Hajime , Kinoshita Yuka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Takeyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo , Nangaku Masaomi , Tanaka Sakae , Makita Noriko , Saito Taku , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a mature osteocyte-derived phosphaturic hormone, causes chronic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in adults. This rare condition was recently reported in 2 alcoholic patients, with marked improvement upon cessation of alcohol consumption, suggesting a link between alcohol and FGF23-related hypophosphatemia within the highly limited cases. This study aimed to investigate whether the source of excess FGF23 in alcohol-induced FGF23-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is the bone or the other organs. To achieve this goal, an immunohistochemical approach for the bone obtained from a patient was employed. Initial attempts at quantifying FGF23 in the bone using conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) faced issues in quantifiability and sensitivity for low FGF23 expression levels. Therefore, next-generation IHC with phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs) was applied, which enabled the quantification of FGF23 expression in the bone across a broad range. Preliminary analyses using IHC with PIDs on normal bone samples (n = 12) provided a reference level (154.5 PID particles per cell). IHC with PIDs quantified suppressed physiological FGF23 expression in the bone samples from 3 patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia, where FGF23 is oversecreted from a tumor (13.6 PID particles per cell). Subsequently, bone samples obtained from a 70-yr-old male with alcohol-induced FGF23-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia were analyzed, showing a higher number of PID particles per cell (199.4 PID particles per cell) than the reference level. This study suggests that orthotopic, bone-derived FGF23 is implicated in alcohol-induced FGF23-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated that highly sensitive IHC with PIDs could aid in the differential diagnosis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemia of unknown origin. Specifically, a bone sample with a low number of PID particles per cell indicates an excess ectopic secretion of FGF23; a bone sample with a normal to high number of PID particles per cell indicates an excess orthotopic secretion of FGF23.
Collective Forgetting of American Vaginal Breech Delivery
Authors: Lazar-Shoef Tzipy , Efron Noah Jonathan , Davidovitch Nadav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When asked why nearly all doctors refer their breech cases to surgery, despite non-surgical breech birth being permitted throughout the United States, an obstetrician will likely cite the Term Breech Trial (TBT). This study, conducted in 2000, decisively concluded that planned cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal breech delivery. However, a review of the literature suggests that the decline of vaginal breech deliveries was a long time in the making. From the 1950s, once the perceived risks of breech births were accepted as a fact, numerous studies advocated more liberal use of cesarean delivery for breech babies and suggested strategies to limit vaginal breech births. By the late 1970s, as the majority of breech patients underwent surgery, a vicious cycle of collective forgetting began. Hospitals and medical training programs abandoned the non-surgical option, leaving younger generations of unskilled doctors reluctant to perform the complex procedure. As health organizations criticized the overuse of cesarean sections in the ensuing decades, obstetricians faced a growing dilemma in breech management, continuing to perform surgeries even while questioning their benefits. The 2000 study sanctioned this existing state of practice, which had been evolving over decades and in which collective forgetting played a crucial part.
State-space algorithm for detecting the nanohertz gravitational wave background
Authors: Kimpson Tom , Melatos Andrew , O’Leary Joseph , Carlin Julian B , Evans Robin J , Moran William , Cheunchitra Tong , Dong Wenhao , Dunn Liam , Greentree Julian , O’Neill Nicholas J , Suvorova Sofia , Thong Kok Hong , Vargas Andrés F 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) can be observed in the nanohertz band using a pulsar timing array (PTA). Here, a computationally efficient state-space framework is developed for analysing SGWB data, in which the stochastic gravitational wave strain at Earth is tracked with a non-linear Kalman filter and separated simultaneously from intrinsic achromatic pulsar spin wandering. The filter is combined with a nested sampler to estimate the parameters of the model and to calculate a Bayes factor for selecting between models with and without a SGWB. The procedure extends previous state-space formulations of PTA data analysis applied to individually resolvable binary black hole sources. The performance of the new algorithm is tested on synthetic data from the first International PTA Mock Data Challenge. It is shown that the algorithm distinguishes a SGWB from pure noise for $A_{\rm gw} \ge 3 \times 10^{-14}$, where $A_{\rm gw}$ denotes the standard normalization factor for a power spectral density with power-law exponent $-13/3$. Additional, systematic validation tests are also performed with synthetic data generated independently by adjusting the injected parameters to cover astrophysically plausible ranges. Full posterior distributions are recovered and tested for accuracy. The state-space procedure is memory-light and evaluates the likelihood for a standard-sized PTA data set in $\lesssim 10^{-1}$ s without optimization on a standard central processing unit.
The CO-fuelled Time Machine: tracing birth conditions and Terrestrial Planet Formation Outcomes in HD 163296 through Pebble Drift-induced CO Enhancements
Authors: Williams Joe , Krijt Sebastiaan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The architecture and composition of planetary systems are thought to be strongly influenced by the transport and delivery of dust and volatiles via ices on pebbles during the planet formation phase in protoplanetary discs. Understanding these transport mechanisms is crucial in building a comprehensive picture of planet formation, including material and chemical budget; constraining the birth properties of these discs is a key step in this process. We present a novel method of retrieving such properties by studying the transport of icy pebbles in the context of an observed gas-phase CO enhancement within the CO snowline in the protoplanetary disc around HD 163296. We combine Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling with a fast model of radial drift to determine the birth gas mass and characteristic radius of the disc, and compare our results against observations and models in the literature; we find the birth-condition disc gas mass to be $\log _{10}(M_{\rm {disc}}/\mathrm{ M}_{\odot })=-0.64^{+0.19}_{-0.24}$ and the characteristic radius to be $\log _{10}(r_{\rm {c}}/\rm {au})=2.30^{+0.45}_{-0.46}$. We additionally determine that dust grains must be ‘fragile’ ($v_{\mathrm{ f}}=100~\mathrm{cms}^{-1}$) to retain enough dust to match current dust mass observations, with our lowest fragmentation velocity model providing a current-age dust mass of $\rm {\mathit{ M}_{dust}}=662^{+518}_{-278}\, \rm {M_{\rm{\oplus}}}$ based on the retrieved birth conditions. Using our retrieved birth conditions, we extend our simulations to mass of material reaching the water snowline in the inner disc, where terrestrial and super-Earth planets may be forming, and speculate on the nature of these exoplanets.
A novel Bayesian approach for decomposing the radio emission of quasars – II. Link between quasar radio emission and black hole mass
Authors: Yue B -H , Duncan K J , Best P N , Arnaudova M I , Morabito L K , Petley J W , Röttgering H J A , Shenoy S , Smith D J B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Whether the mass of supermassive black hole ($M_\mathrm{BH}$) is directly linked to the quasar radio luminosity remains a long-debated issue, and understanding the role of $M_\mathrm{BH}$ in the evolution of quasars is pivotal to unveiling the mechanism of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. In this work, based on a two-component Bayesian model, we examine how $M_\mathrm{BH}$ affects the radio emission from quasars, separating the contributions from host galaxy star formation (SF) and AGN activity. By modelling the radio flux density distribution of Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Data Release 2, we find no correlation between $M_\mathrm{BH}$ and star formation rate (SFR) at any mass for quasars at a given redshift and bolometric luminosity. The same holds for AGN activity across most $M_\mathrm{BH}$ values; however, quasars with the top 20 per cent most massive supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are two to three times more likely to host strong radio jets than those with lower mass SMBHs at similar redshift and luminosity. We suggest defining radio quasar populations by their AGN and SF contributions instead of radio loudness; our new definition unifies previously divergent observational results on the role of $M_\mathrm{BH}$ in quasar radio emissions. We further demonstrate that this radio enhancement in quasars with the 20 per cent most massive SMBHs affects only the $\sim 5~{{\rm per\ cent}}$ most radio bright quasars at a given redshift and bolometric luminosity. We discuss possible physical origins of this radio excess in the most massive and radio-bright quasar population, which remains an interest for future study.
Morphological classification of galaxies through structural and star formation parameters using machine learning
Authors: Aguilar-Argüello G , Fuentes-Pineda G , Hernández-Toledo H M , Martínez-Vázquez L A , Vázquez-Mata J A , Brough S , Demarco R , Ghosh A , Jiménez-Teja Y , Martin G , Pearson W J , Sifón C 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We employ the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning (ML) method for the morphological classification of galaxies into two (early-type, late-type) and five (E, S0–S0a, Sa–Sb, Sbc–Scd, Sd–Irr) classes, using a combination of non-parametric ($C,\, A,\, S,\, A_\mathrm{ S},\, \mathrm{Gini},\, M_{20},\, c_{5090}$), parametric (Sérsic index, n), geometric (axial ratio, $BA$), global colour ($g-i,\, u-r,\, u-i$), colour gradient [$\Delta (g - i)$], and asymmetry gradient ($\Delta A_{9050}$) information, all estimated for a local galaxy sample ($z\lt 0.15$) compiled from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data. We train the XGBoost model and evaluate its performance through multiple standard metrics. Our findings reveal better performance when utilizing all 14 parameters, achieving accuracies of 88 per cent and 65 per cent for the two-class and five-class classification tasks, respectively. In addition, we investigate a hierarchical classification approach for the five-class scenario, combining three XGBoost classifiers. We observe comparable performance to the ‘direct’ five-class classification, with discrepancies of only up to 3 per cent. Using Shapley Additive Explanations (an advanced interpretation tool), we analyse how galaxy parameters impact the model’s classifications, providing valuable insights into the influence of these features on classification outcomes. Finally, we compare our results with previous studies and find them consistently aligned.
Efficacy and safety of daprodustat in patients on peritoneal dialysis in the ASCEND-D trial
Authors: Dasgupta Indranil , Meadowcroft Amy M , Bhatt Purav R , Acharya Anjali , Aarup Michael , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Gupta Shruti , Kher Vijay K , Neto Osvaldo M Viera , Rastogi Anjay , Ots-Rosenberg Mai , Rayner Brian , Wong Muh Geot , Shah Sunay , Taft Lin , Singh Ajay K 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and hypothesis
Daprodustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is approved for treatment of anemia in dialysis patients with CKD in some parts of the world. This subgroup analysis examined the efficacy and safety of daprodustat versus darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods
ASCEND-D (NCT02879305) was an open-label, Phase 3 trial; patients with CKD were randomized to daprodustat daily and epoetin alfa (HD patients) or darbepoetin alfa (PD patients). In PD patients, prespecified analyses of the co-primary endpoints of mean change in hemoglobin from baseline to Weeks 28–52 using an ANOVA model and first occurrence of a major cardiovascular event (MACE) using a Cox proportional hazards model were conducted. The secondary endpoints were average monthly intravenous iron dose to Week 52 and treatment-emergent adverse events. Additional post hoc analyses were conducted.

Results
Overall, 340 PD patients (daprodustat n = 171, darbepoetin alfa n = 169) were randomized. Mean age was 53.6 years (±14 SD), 55% male, 56% White. For daprodustat and darbepoetin alfa groups respectively, mean change in hemoglobin was 0.38 and 0.23 g/dL [adjusted mean difference 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.04, 0.34], and first occurrence of adjudicated MACE occurred in 40 (23.4%) and 46 (27.2%) patients (HR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.55–1.28). No heterogeneity was observed between PD and HD patients for these endpoints in ASCEND-D. Serum hepcidin was lower with daprodustat; there was no difference in other iron parameters, intravenous iron usage, transfusion requirement, blood pressure, or quality of life. There were no differences in adverse events or incidence of peritonitis between the groups.

Conclusions
This subgroup analysis of the ASCEND-D trial demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety of daprodustat versus darbepoetin alfa in PD patients, supporting its use in the treatment of anemia in these patients.
Effects of Supplementation With Different Specificities of Dietary Fiber on Health-Related Indicators in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xiang Mai , Qiao Li , Han Qi , Zha Yu , Sui Xuemei , Wang Qirong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Dietary fiber (DF) exhibits variations in its chemical and physical complexity, as well as in its utilization by the gut microbiota. However, the impact of these differences on the health status of adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear.

Objective
This meta-analysis aimed to explore the varying effects of supplementing with different specificities of DF on the health of adults with overweight or obesity, providing guidance on selecting DF supplementation to improve health status.

Data Sources
The literature search encompassed 4 electronic databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE—and was conducted between January 1, 2012, and November 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing DF with placebo treatment, without energy restriction, were included.

Data Extraction
Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, resolving discrepancies through discussion. The data included study characteristics, participant demographics, DF specifications, and outcome measures.

Data Analysis
Random-effects models and the generic inverse variance method were used to analyze data, assuming varying outcomes based on DF specificity. Meta-regression assessed the impact of population, duration, and dosage. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. The analysis included 34 trials (n = 1804) examining DF supplementation at 1.5 to 40 g/day for 3 to 16 weeks. DF supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.13%, fasting insulin by 0.82 μIU/mL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.33 in adults with overweight or obesity. Subgroup analyses based on DF specificity revealed differences in effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure. The low-specificity subgroup showed significant heterogeneity in body weight, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a decrease in fasting insulin by 1.09 μIU/mL. The low-to-intermediate-specificity subgroup had reductions in HbA1c by 0.8%, fasting insulin by 2.08 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.61. The intermediate-specificity subgroup experienced a 2.85-kg decrease in body weight and a 9.03-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol. The mixed subgroup showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.85 mmHg.

Conclusion
Supplementing with different specificities of DF may have distinct effects on health-related indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Considering individuals' gut microbiota composition and specific health goals is recommended when selecting DF supplementation for adults with overweight or obesity.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432920.
Repacking-Driven Compaction in the Spirit Mountain Batholith, Southern Nevada
Authors: Florez Darien , Huber Christian , Bachmann Olivier , Sigworth Alicia , Claiborne Lily , Miller Calvin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mechanical phase separation in crustal reservoirs is one of several processes that influences chemical differentiation in magmatic bodies and the generation of potentially eruptible horizons of magmas. The rate of melt-crystal separation in magmas remains hard to constrain, notably because of the poor understanding of the processes that govern phase separation, such as crystal settling and mush compaction. To that end, it is necessary to identify natural laboratories that record mechanical phase separation. Here, we investigate the Spirit Mountain Batholith (SMB) for chemical and textural evidences of mechanical phase separation. We identify a near-linear unmixing (of crystals and pore-occupying melt) trend in major, minor, and trace element geochemistry defined by samples within a ca. 3-km transect at the base of the exposed batholith and pooled leucogranites near the top of the batholith. Plagioclase compositions are similar in the samples within the transect, despite a broad range in bulk SiO2 (62–74 wt % SiO2), suggesting the samples crystallized from the same parental magma and subsequently either lost or accumulated SiO2-rich interstitial melt. Trace element modeling and mass balance calculations fortify this finding. The minimum volumetric trapped melt fraction calculated based on trace element modeling is 0.3, consistent with maximum packing fractions inferred by applications of compaction models to recent mechanical phase separation experiments. We find that the trapped melt volume fraction decreases with depth in the transect and that melt loss is accompanied by the development of fabric perpendicular to the axis of paleo-gravity, consistent with repacking-driven compaction. The batholith is comprised of numerous repeated injections of sills over the course of approximately two million years, as indicated by previous researchers using zircon secondary-ion mass spectrometry age dates (Walker Jr et al., 2007). We suggest that these sills underwent some degree of crystallization prior to melt-crystal separation by crystal repacking. Forward modeling of repacking-accommodated melt extraction within a single sill suggests that a lens of pure melt 3.5 km thick (approximate thickness of leucocratic layer of granite in the SMB) can be extracted in approximately 30 ka. This estimate is likely an upper bound as the extracted melt was likely sourced from several sills, the exact number of which is unclear.
A mirror-image experiment: Sorting carbon nanotubes by L-DNA
Authors: Zheng Ming , Sha Ruojie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
DNA has found increasing applications in molecular engineering, yet its chiral property has rarely been utilized. Here, we report a mirror-image experiment using naturally occurring D-DNA and its enantiomer L-DNA to sort a chiral mixture of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We find that parity conservation leads to a robust experimental outcome: changing DNA chirality results in handedness inversion of the purified nanotube. This finding provides a straightforward solution to the challenging problem of nanotube enantiomer sorting and a materials foundation for applications in fields such as spintronics and chiral sensing. To illustrate the latter, we show that enantiomeric pairs of DNA–SWCNTs can serve as bilateral chiral gauges for quantifying the degree of molecular chirality.
Kinetic Theory of Discontinuous Shear Thickening of a Moderately Dense Inertial Suspension of Frictionless Soft Particles
Authors: Takada Satoshi , Hara Kazuhiro , Hayakawa Hisao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We demonstrate that discontinuous shear thickening (DST) can take place even in a moderately dense inertial suspension consisting of frictionless soft particles. This DST can be regarded as ignited–quenched or exploded–continous shear thickening (CST) transitions in the inertial suspension. An approximate kinetic theory well recovers the results of the Langevin simulation in the wide range of the volume fraction without any fitting parameters.
Mode of Delivery and Subsequent Motor Function in Children With Myelomeningocele Without In Utero Repair
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Pan Amy Y. , Emery Stephen P. , Greene Stephanie , Muthiah Nallammai , Berman Deborah , Buchmiller Terry L. , Gebb Juliana , Lillegard Joseph , Miller Jena L. , Newton J. , Schneider Patrick , Blumenfeld Yair J. , Powne Amy B. , Cibulskis Catherine C. , Drennan Kathryn , Papanna Ramesha ,   for the NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network)
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the association between mode of delivery and 2-year motor function in children with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele.

METHODS:
A multisite retrospective cohort study of children with myelomeningocele across 14 NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network) centers born between 2007 and 2020 who had a physical examination available at 2 years of life. Exclusion criteria were in utero myelomeningocele repair, postnatal myelomeningocele diagnosis, missing data on fetal presentation at delivery, and contraindications to labor. The primary outcome was the difference between the anatomic level of the spinal lesion and functional motor level at age 2 years. A general linear model was used to determine the effect of mode of delivery on the primary outcome, and multivariable analysis was performed to control for presence of labor, gestational age at delivery, defect size and origin level, and presence of ventriculomegaly.

RESULTS:
Of 566 children with myelomeningocele, 305 met inclusion criteria, with 216 (70.8%) having been delivered by cesarean and 89 (29.2%) having been delivered vaginally. Children delivered by cesarean had a mean±SE level of motor function of 0.07±0.21 segments below the anatomic level at age 2 years compared with 0.57±0.32 for children delivered vaginally (P=.19). After controlling for potential confounders, both groups improved in motor function by age 2 years compared with anatomic level. However, there was no difference in motor improvement between groups by mode of delivery (0.07 cesarean vs 0.57 vaginal delivery, adjusted difference 0.37 segments, P=.63).

CONCLUSION:
In this multisite NAFTNet cohort, mode of delivery was not associated with lower-extremity motor function at age 2 years.