bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Exercise Interventions in Clinical Trials for Chronic Low Back Pain Dosed Appropriately to Meet the World Health Organization’s Physical Activity Guidelines?
Authors: Gibbs Mitchell T , Hayden Jill A , Cashin Aidan G , Shah Brishna , Gilanyi Yannick L , Natoli Andrew , Holmes Grant , Ogilvie Rachel , Hagstrom Amanda D , McAuley James H , Marshall Paul W , Jones Matthew D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to estimate the proportion of exercise interventions tested in clinical trials of people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) that meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) physical activity guidelines.

Methods
A secondary analysis of the 2021 Cochrane review of exercise therapy for CLBP was performed. Data from each study were extracted by 1 reviewer and were checked by a second reviewer. Data extracted related to the frequency, duration and intensity of each exercise intervention, and the proportion of exercise interventions that met the WHO’s physical activity guidelines (aerobic, muscle strengthening, or both) were determined.

Results
The 249 included trials comprised 426 exercise interventions. Few interventions reported an exercise type and dose consistent with the WHO guidelines (aerobic: 1.6%, muscle strengthening: 5.6%, both: 1.6%). Poor reporting of exercise intensity limited our ability to determine whether interventions met the guidelines.

Conclusion
Few interventions tested in clinical trials for people with CLBP prescribe an exercise type and dose consistent with the WHO guidelines. Therefore, they do not appear sufficiently dosed to achieve broader health outcomes. Future trials should investigate the effect of WHO guideline-recommended exercise interventions on patient-reported outcomes (pain and disability) as well as health-related outcomes in people with CLBP.

Impact
This exploratory analysis showed the lack of exercise interventions in the CLBP literature that meet the WHO’s physical activity guidelines. With people in chronic pain groups, such as people with CLBP, being at higher risk for noncommunicable disease, it appears this is a key consideration for exercise practitioners when designing interventions for people with CLBP.
Characterizing the lavage and serum cytokine profiles of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features and their implications for progressive fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Ma Xiaoqian , Bai Junye , Xia Shu , Han Qian , Luo Qun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore whether cytokines could be potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence of the progressive fibrosis (PF) phenotype among patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF).

Methods
This study prospectively collected 51 IPAF and 15 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients who were diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from July 2020 to June 2021. All IPAF patients were followed up for 1 year to assess the development of PF phenotype. Paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected at enrolment and analysed for differences in 39 cytokines expression. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were conducted to identify a subgroup of IPAF patients at high risk for developing the PF phenotype. Finally, cytokine differences were compared between subgroups to identify potential biomarkers for PF-IPAF occurrence.

Results
According to the PCA analysis, 81.25% of PF-IPAF patients share overlapped BALF cytokine profiles with IPF. Cluster analysis indicated that IPAF patients in subtype 2 had a higher risk of developing the PF phenotype within 1 year (P = 0.048), characterized by higher levels of CCL2 and CXCL12, and lower lymphocyte proportion (LYM%) in BALF. Elevated levels of BALF CCL2 (&gt;299.16 pg/ml) or CXCL12 (&gt;660.115 pg/ml) were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing PF phenotype within the 1-year follow-up period (P = 0.009, 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
PF-IPAF phenotype exhibits similar inflammatory cytokine profiles to IPF. Cytokine CCL2 and CXCL12, and LYM% in BALF serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the PF phenotype in IPAF patients.

Clinical Trial Registration
Register: Qian Han, Website: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=61619, Registration number: ChiCTR2000040998.
Altered Temporal Dynamics of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent-Onset First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Masias Bruns Mireia , Ramirez-Mahaluf Juan Pablo , Valli Isabel , Ortuño María , Ilzarbe Daniel , de la Serna Elena , Navarro Olga Puig , Crossley Nicolas A , González Ballester Miguel Ángel , Baeza Inmaculada , Piella Gemma , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Sugranyes Gisela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) alterations have been reported in patients with adult-onset and chronic psychosis. We sought to examine whether such abnormalities were also observed in patients with first episode, adolescent-onset psychosis (AOP), in order to rule out potential effects of chronicity and protracted antipsychotic treatment exposure. AOP has been suggested to have less diagnostic specificity compared to psychosis with onset in adulthood and occurs during a period of neurodevelopmental changes in brain functional connections.

Study Design
Seventy-nine patients with first episode, AOP (36 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, SSD; and 43 with affective psychotic disorder, AF) and 54 healthy controls (HC), aged 10 to 17 years were included. Participants underwent clinical and cognitive assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Graph-based measures were used to analyze temporal trajectories of dFC, which were compared between patients with SSD, AF, and HC. Within patients, we also tested associations between dFC parameters and clinical variables.

Study Results
Patients with SSD temporally visited the different connectivity states in a less efficient way (reduced global efficiency), visiting fewer nodes (larger temporal modularity, and increased immobility), with a reduction in the metabolic expenditure (cost and leap size), relative to AF and HC (effect sizes: Cohen’s D, ranging 0.54 to.91). In youth with AF, these parameters did not differ compared to HC. Connectivity measures were not associated with clinical severity, intelligence, cannabis use, or dose of antipsychotic medication.

Conclusions
dFC measures hold potential towards the development of brain-based biomarkers characterizing adolescent-onset SSD.
Basal-Forebrain Cholinergic Nuclei Alterations are Associated With Medication and Cognitive Deficits Across the Schizophrenia Spectrum
Authors: Schulz Julia , Brandl Felix , Grothe Michel J , Kirschner Matthias , Kaiser Stefan , Schmidt André , Borgwardt Stefan , Priller Josef , Sorg Christian , Avram Mihai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The cholinergic system is altered in schizophrenia. Particularly, patients’ volumes of basal-forebrain cholinergic nuclei (BFCN) are lower and correlated with attentional deficits. It is unclear, however, if and how BFCN changes and their link to cognitive symptoms extend across the schizophrenia spectrum, including individuals with at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) or during first psychotic episode (FEP).

Study Design
To address this question, we assessed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of structural magnetic resonance imaging data of anterior and posterior BFCN subclusters as well as symptom ratings, including cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms, in a large multi-site dataset (n = 4) comprising 68 ARMS subjects, 98 FEP patients (27 unmedicated and 71 medicated), 140 patients with established schizophrenia (SCZ; medicated), and 169 healthy controls.

Results
In SCZ, we found lower VBM measures for the anterior BFCN, which were associated with the anticholinergic burden of medication and correlated with patients’ cognitive deficits. In contrast, we found larger VBM measures for the posterior BFCN in FEP, which were driven by unmedicated patients and correlated at-trend with cognitive deficits. We found no BFCN changes in ARMS. Altered VBM measures were not correlated with positive or negative symptoms.

Conclusions
Results demonstrate complex (posterior vs. anterior BFCN) and non-linear (larger vs. lower VBM) differences in BFCN across the schizophrenia spectrum, which are specifically associated both with medication, including its anticholinergic burden, and cognitive symptoms. Data suggest an altered trajectory of BFCN integrity in schizophrenia, influenced by medication and relevant for cognitive symptoms.
Skyline Fossilized Birth–Death Model is Robust to Violations of Sampling Assumptions in Total-Evidence Dating
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ronquist Fredrik , Stadler Tanja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Several total-evidence dating studies under the fossilized birth–death (FBD) model have produced very old age estimates, which are not supported by the fossil record. This phenomenon has been termed “deep root attraction (DRA).” For two specific data sets, involving divergence time estimation for the early radiations of ants, bees, and wasps (Hymenoptera) and of placental mammals (Eutheria), it has been shown that the DRA effect can be greatly reduced by accommodating the fact that extant species in these trees have been sampled to maximize diversity, so-called diversified sampling. Unfortunately, current methods to accommodate diversified sampling only consider the extreme case where it is possible to identify a cut-off time such that all splits occurring before this time are represented in the sampled tree but none of the younger splits. In reality, the sampling bias is rarely this extreme and may be difficult to model properly. Similar modeling challenges apply to the sampling of the fossil record. This raises the question of whether it is possible to find dating methods that are more robust to sampling biases. Here, we show that the skyline FBD (SFBD) process, where the diversification and fossil-sampling rates can vary over time in a piecewise fashion, provides age estimates that are more robust to inadequacies in the modeling of the sampling process and less sensitive to DRA effects. In the SFBD model we consider, rates in different time intervals are either considered to be independent and identically distributed or assumed to be autocorrelated following an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Through simulations and reanalyses of Hymenoptera and Eutheria data, we show that both variants of the SFBD model unify age estimates under random and diversified sampling assumptions. The SFBD model can resolve DRA by absorbing the deviations from the sampling assumptions into the inferred dynamics of the diversification process over time. Although this means that the inferred diversification dynamics must be interpreted with caution, taking sampling biases into account, we conclude that the SFBD model represents the most robust approach currently available for addressing DRA in total-evidence dating.
International Survey of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Management of Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients and the Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Ntoumenopoulos George , Patman Shane 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to report on the cardiorespiratory assessments, interventions, and outcome measures used by physical therapists with critically ill patients and the impact of COVID-19.

Design:
An anonymous international online survey of practice (through Google Forms) of physical therapists was conducted.

Setting:
The study was conducted in adult intensive care units.

Participants:
A total of 309 physical therapists participated in the study.

Interventions:
A survey was used to determine current cardiopulmonary physical therapy practices in ICU.

Results:
Predominantly participants were female (74%), aged 31 to 40 years (40%), having worked in intensive care unit (ICU) for either 0 to 5 years (38%) or 11 to 20 years (28%), and worked full time (72%). Most participants worked in the United Kingdom (36%), Europe (21%), or Australia/Oceania (18%). The 3 most frequently reported assessment indicators for cardiopulmonary physical therapy interventions were lobar collapse/atelectasis, audible secretions, and decreased/added lung auscultation sounds. The 3 most commonly used outcome measures included lung auscultation, arterial blood gas analysis, and transcutaneous arterial saturation. The 3 most commonly used physical therapy interventions (“very often” in a descending order) included patient mobilization, repositioning to optimize gas exchange, and endotracheal suctioning. For the COVID-19 cohort, participants reported similar use of patient repositioning to optimize gas exchange and postural drainage, and lower use of patient mobilization and endotracheal suctioning, deep breathing exercises, active cycle of breathing technique, and oropharyngeal suctioning.

Conclusion:
This survey reports on the characteristics of physical therapists who work in ICU, and their cardiopulmonary physical therapy assessments, interventions, and outcome measures most commonly used, inclusive of patients with COVID-19. There were some differences in interventions provided to the COVID-19 cohort compared with the non–COVID-19 cohort.
Prospective study of 100 infertile couples: does infertility lead to sexual dysfunction
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Sharma Aarti , Bakshi Rita , Bakshi Sarthak 
Published: August 2023

Background:
There is a correlation between infertility and serious mental, emotional, and social difficulties reported in the literature. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is quite common in both males and females and often are linked with infertility among couples.

Aim and objective:
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not there is a correlation between infertility and SD in couples who are having treatment for infertility at an infertility clinic.

Materials and methods:
Total of 100 couples were included in this study and were given the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) questionnaire. The data thus obtained were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software.

Result:
The present study finding indicated that the mean CSFQ score was significantly lower in infertile females compared with the males, indicating that females suffered from SD more. The mean of CSFQ among males was 48.37, and for CSFQ among females; the average was 40.32, which was below the cut-off rate indicating SD is more common in females compared with males. However, our study showed no positive correlation between the lower CSFQ score between both genders with the place of living. As maximum of the study participants were Hindu we have not performed any correlation analysis with religion. Further, this study showed no such differences in duration of the infertility with the CSFQ score.

Conclusion:
This study thus concluded that SD is more common in infertile couples. The prevalence of SD is more in females compared with males.
Predictors for persistent endometrial cavity fluid from fresh to subsequent frozen embryo transfer
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Zhe , Tian Yi-zheng , Qi Dan , Xu Xinxin , Lv Jia-nan , Yan Lei , Liu Wen , Lv Hong 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
During the process of assisted reproductive technology, clinicians are always faced with the problem of endometrial cavity fluid (ECF) interfering with pregnancy outcomes, especially those patients with ECF. The aim of this study was to identify which characteristics of those patients with ECF during the preparation of fresh embryo transfer would predict their recurrent ECF when they were to undergo this cycle of frozen embryo transfer due to cancellation of fresh embryo transfer or failure to obtain a live birth after fresh embryo transfer.

Methods:
We collected relevant clinical information of those patients receiving assisted reproduction therapy at Reproductive Hospital affiliated with Shandong University between January 2014 and December 2020, including those patients who developed ECF before fresh embryo transfer and canceled fresh embryo transfer for different reasons or did not obtain pregnancy after transfer. Patients were divided into persistent and transient ECF groups according to whether they still had ECF before the current cycle of frozen embryo transfer. We compared relevant data that may influence the persistence of ECF and performed logistic regression analysis to examine whether these variables were associated with the persistence of ECF.

Results:
The proportion of continued existence of ECF was 14.13% (276/1953). The variables related to the persistence of ECF were as follows: polycystic ovarian syndrome status, previous hysteroscopic adhesiolysis history, history of cesarean section, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol, and endometrial thickness on human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day.

Conclusions:
It is recommended to inform those patients who present with a thin endometrium on human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day, the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome, a history of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, cesarean section history, or were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol that the ECF is less likely to resolve spontaneously, and early intervention based on the corresponding high-risk factors should be recommended.
Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Monitoring Cardiotoxicity in Chemotherapy Patients
Authors: Battisha Ayman , Sawalha Khalid , Obeidat Yasin , Patel Brijesh 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
This review aims to highlight the different types of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and will discuss the evidence base behind the use of different cardiac biomarkers to predict cardiovascular complications. Additionally, we will review the use of cardiac biomarkers to monitor cardiac outcomes and the role of cardioprotective medications in reducing cardiovascular side effects.

Recent findings:
Chemotherapy has been linked to an increased risk of cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Currently, patients receiving chemotherapy undergo echocardiogram before starting chemotherapy and every 6 months to monitor for any decline in cardiac function. We reviewed the current evidence and practice guidelines of monitoring chemotherapy cardiotoxicity.

Summary:
Cardio-oncology is a rapidly evolving subspecialty in cardiology, especially with the advent of new chemotherapeutic agents, which have cardiovascular side effects. Early detection of these effects is crucial to prevent life-threatening and irreversible cardiovascular outcomes. Monitoring troponin, pro–brain natriuretic peptide, and other cardiac biomarkers during chemotherapy will help to early detect cardiotoxicity.
Therapeutic Effect of Using Autologous Platelet Concentrate in Vitrectomy for Macular Hole: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuelin , Xu Zhengbo , Zhao Xinyu , Meng Lihui , Yang Jingyuan , Chen Youxin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To summarize the current evidence regarding the therapeutic effect of using autologous platelet concentrate (APC) in vitrectomy for macular hole (MH).

Methods:
The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc. databases were searched according to the PROSPERO Protocol (CRD42022366202). Controlled trials comparing whether APC was used in the vitrectomy of MH were included. The primary outcome was the closure rate of MH and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the secondary outcome was the incidence of different types of complications.

Results:
Seven studies that included 634 eyes were eligible. For the primary outcome, the usage of APC significantly improved the closure rate of MH in vitrectomy (OR = 5.34, 95% CI, 2.83 to 10.07, P <0.001). Postoperative visual acuity did not significantly differ between the APC group and similar baseline controls (SMD=-0.07, 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.22, P=0.644). For the secondary outcome, using APC did not result in additional complications in terms of postoperative retinal detachment or the recurrence of MH.

Conclusion:
The use of APC in vitrectomy was associated with a superior closure rate of the hole and no additional complications; therefore, it is effective and safe in MH surgery.
Influence of Initial Treatment Strategy on Outcomes for Children With Rectal Prolapse
Authors: Rincon-Cruz Lorena , Staffa Steven J. , Dickie Belinda , Nandivada Prathima 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Pediatric rectal prolapse is a common and often self-limited condition with multiple management options. Selecting the optimal approach requires personalization and remains a challenge for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective review of 67 children with rectal prolapse undergoing surgical evaluation between 2010 and 2021. Patients with anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis were excluded. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare medical management, sclerotherapy, and surgical correction (rectopexy or transanal resection) as initial treatment strategies, with a primary endpoint of prolapse resolution.

Results:
Younger patients (<5 years) were more likely to be initially treated with medical management alone (P < 0.001). Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to be offered either sclerotherapy or surgery upfront (P = 0.009). The resolution rate with surgery as initial management was 79% (n = 11/14). The resolution rate with sclerotherapy as initial management was 54% (n = 13/24), with 33% (n = 8/24) resolving with sclerotherapy alone and 21% (n = 5/24) resolving after a subsequent surgical procedure (P = 0.011). Patients who underwent initial surgical management had an adjusted odds ratio of 8.0 (95% CI: 1.1–59.1; P = 0.042) for resolution of prolapse compared to patients who underwent sclerotherapy initially. Markers of severity (bleeding, need for manual reduction) were not associated with initial therapy offered (P = 0.064).

Conclusions:
Surgical intervention (sclerotherapy, rectopexy, transanal resection) resolved rectal prolapse in most children (63%). Surgery as an initial management approach had a significantly higher success rate than sclerotherapy, even after controlling for severity of disease, psychiatric diagnosis, need for manual reduction, and age.
Novel issues in the epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases
Authors: Pira Enrico , Godono Alessandro , Ciocan Catalina 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Exposure to asbestos continues to persist because of the use of this mineral in developing countries and because of the naturally occurring asbestos and of the presence of asbestos in the asbestos-containing materials. After more than 30 years since the ban in some countries, asbestos-related malignancies are still diagnosed yearly. Thus, we conducted a systematic search for articles regarding epidemiologic advances in asbestos-related diseases in the last 18 months in order to summarize the newest findings that could, eventually, improve the prevention strategies for asbestos-related cancers.

Recent findings
There are advances regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma. Recent publications confirm a trend for mesothelioma for time since last exposure, while for asbestos-related lung cancer, findings show a linear association between asbestos exposure level and lung cancer risk. Other asbestos-related malignancies have been hypothesized. The importance of an accurate diagnosis of mesothelioma has been further emphasized for the prognosis and therapeutic success of this cancer.

Summary
Latest findings allow public health to project prevention, and clinicians to project better treatment strategies for asbestos-related diseases. More studies on the treatment options are needed and ‘Tailored’ therapy should be among the focal points.