bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary collider and astrophysical probes of multi-component Dark Matter
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez J. , Keus V. , Moretti S. , Sokołowska D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study a new physics scenario with two inert and one active scalar doublets, hence a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM). We impose a $$ {Z}_2\times {Z}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry onto such a 3HDM with one inert doublet odd under the Z2 transformation and the other odd under the $$ {Z}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2
′

one. Such a construction leads to a two-component Dark Matter (DM) model. It has been shown that, when there is a sufficient mass difference between the two DM candidates, it is possible to probe the light DM candidate in the nuclear recoil energy in direct detection experiments and the heavy DM component in the photon flux in indirect detection experiments. With the DM masses at the electroweak scale, we show that, independently of astrophysical probes, this model feature can be tested at the Large Hadron Collider via scalar cascade decays in "Image missing" final states. We study several observable distributions whose shapes hint at the presence of the two different DM candidates.
The TIMELESS effort for timely DNA replication and protection
Authors: Patel Jinal A. , Kim Hyungjin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate replication of the genome is fundamental to cellular survival and tumor prevention. The DNA replication fork is vulnerable to DNA lesions and damages that impair replisome progression, and improper control over DNA replication stress inevitably causes fork stalling and collapse, a major source of genome instability that fuels tumorigenesis. The integrity of the DNA replication fork is maintained by the fork protection complex (FPC), in which TIMELESS (TIM) constitutes a key scaffold that couples the CMG helicase and replicative polymerase activities, in conjunction with its interaction with other proteins associated with the replication machinery. Loss of TIM or the FPC in general results in impaired fork progression, elevated fork stalling and breakage, and a defect in replication checkpoint activation, thus underscoring its pivotal role in protecting the integrity of both active and stalled replication forks. TIM is upregulated in multiple cancers, which may represent a replication vulnerability of cancer cells that could be exploited for new therapies. Here, we discuss recent advances on our understanding of the multifaceted roles of TIM in DNA replication and stalled fork protection, and how its complex functions are engaged in collaboration with other genome surveillance and maintenance factors.
Was muss der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurg von der onkologisch ausgerichteten Strahlentherapie wissen?
Authors: Müller Jörg Andreas , Trommer Simon , Meyer Frank , Lampe Katharina , Croner Roland S. , Vordermark Dirk , Medenwald Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Strahlentherapie ist ein integraler Bestandteil in den meisten modernen multimodalen Tumortherapiekonzepten sowohl in kurativen als auch in palliativen Therapiesituationen. Dies gilt auch für viele Tumorentitäten im allgemein- und viszeralchirurgischen Bereich. Dabei kann es zu neuen Herausforderungen im Rahmen des klinischen Alltags und der interdisziplinären Tumorkonferenzen kommen.

Ziel
Praxisrelevanter Überblick, basierend auf selektiven Referenzen der aktuellen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Literatur und gewonnenen klinischen Alltagserfahrungen, für den onkologisch tätigen Chirurgen über strahlentherapeutische Therapieoptionen bei viszeralmedizinischen Tumoren mit dem Fokus auf die viszeralonkologischen Tumoren wie Rektumkarzinom, Ösophaguskarzinom, Analkarzinom und Lebermetastasen

Methode
Es wird eine narrative Übersicht präsentiert.

Ergebnisse (selektive Eckpunkte)
In ausgewählten Fällen ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass im Rahmen neuer Konzepte beim Rektumkarzinom ein derart gutes Ansprechen erreicht wird, dass unter engmaschiger Kontrolle eine Resektion vermieden werden kann. Beim Ösophaguskarzinom gilt die neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie mit anschließender Resektion bei allen geeigneten Patienten als Therapieregime der Wahl. Sollte eine Operation nicht infrage kommen, so steht mit der definitiven Radiochemotherapie, insbesondere bei einem Plattenepithelkarzinom, eine gute Alternative zur Verfügung. Beim Analkarzinom bleibt auch im Licht neuster Erkenntnisse die primär definitive Radiochemotherapie als strahlentherapeutische Therapie der Wahl. Lebertumoren können mithilfe der stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie lokal abladiert werden. Mit der Leberstereotaxie ist ein hoch wirksames Mittel mit geringer Nebenwirkungsrate verfügbar.

Schlussfolgerung
Auch vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Studien bleibt die enge Zusammenarbeit der Disziplinen im Rahmen der Tumortherapie essenziell zur bestmöglichen Therapie der betroffenen Patienten.
Versorgungsstruktur der ambulanten Urologie in Deutschland
Authors: Haas Helmut , Müller Laura , Speck Thomas , Michel Maurice Stephan , Huber Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Obwohl urologische Facharztpraxen zentraler Pfeiler der ambulanten Patientenversorgung in Deutschland sind, fehlen hierzu aktuelle Daten. Eine Beschreibung der Strukturen in Großstädten gegenüber dem ländlichen Raum sowie von Gendereffekten und Generationsunterschieden ist auch als Ausgangsbasis für weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich.

Material und Methoden
Die Erhebung umfasst Daten des Arztverzeichnisses der Stiftung Gesundheit sowie der Bundesärztekammer und des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Die erfassten Praxen bzw. Kolleg*innen wurden in Subgruppen eingeteilt. Anhand der unterschiedlichen Subgruppengröße lassen sich Aussagen über die Versorgungsstruktur der ambulanten Urologie in Deutschland treffen.

Ergebnisse
Während in größeren Städten die Mehrheit der niedergelassenen Urolog*innen in Berufsausübungsgemeinschaften (BAG) arbeitet und durchschnittlich weniger Patient*innen betreut, zeigt sich im ländlichen Raum ein besonders hoher Anteil an Einzelpraxen mit mehr zu versorgenden Einwohnern pro Urolog*in. Urologinnen arbeiten häufiger in der stationären Versorgung. Wenn sich Fachärztinnen für Urologie für die Niederlassung entscheiden, dann eher in BAG und eher in städtischen Gebieten. Außerdem zeigt sich eine Verschiebung der Geschlechterverteilung: Je jünger die betrachtete Alterssubgruppe, desto höher liegt der Anteil an Urologinnen unter allen Kolleg*innen.

Schlussfolgerung
Wir beschreiben erstmalig die tatsächliche Versorgungsstruktur der ambulanten Urologie in Deutschland. Hierbei deuten sich Trends an, die die Art zu arbeiten und die Patientenversorgung in einigen Jahren maßgeblich beeinflussen werden.
Challenges and recent progress on the application of rapid sand casting for part production: a review
Authors: Oguntuyi Samson Dare , Nyembwe Kasongo , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon , Mojisola Tajudeen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Conventional means of producing material via metal casting have long been used for centuries. In spite of its advantages in producing durable parts with lower cost implications and the accommodation of large part production, this conventional approach is still characterized by the challenges of high lead time in patterns production, poor surface finish, and the need for secondary manufacturing operations, which always leads to material loss. Hence, the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) to metal casting process has been immensely recognized because of its huge advantages in negating some of the challenges encountered in the conventional route. However, the inconsistency in the material properties (such as density, strength, elastic modulus, dimensional accuracies, surface finish), produced by one of the AM techniques (rapid sand casting), has not been yielding optimum results to be applied in high-tech application like aerospace and automotive industries. Furthermore, this technique lacks efficient qualification and certification, which contributes to their disadvantages. This review focuses on the challenges and recent progress in producing parts from rapid sand moulds and cores via binder jetting (BJ), as well as the need to incorporate efficient qualification and certification in the future production of parts from rapid sand casting.
On the Uniqueness of Schwarzschild–de Sitter Spacetime
Authors: Borghini Stefano , Chruściel Piotr T. , Mazzieri Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe establish a new uniqueness theorem for the three dimensional Schwarzschild–de Sitter metrics. For this, some new or improved tools are developed. These include a reverse Łojasiewicz inequality, which holds in a neighborhood of the extremal points of any smooth function. We further prove the smoothness of the set of maxima of the lapse, whenever this set contains a topological hypersurface. This leads to a new strategy for the classification of well behaved static solutions of vacuum Einstein equations with a positive cosmological constant, based on the geometry of the maximum-set of the lapse.
Oscillation and jump inequalities for the polynomial ergodic averages along multi-dimensional subsets of primes
Authors: Mehlhop Nathan , Słomian Wojciech 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe prove the uniform oscillation and jump inequalities for the polynomial ergodic averages modeled over multi-dimensional subsets of primes. This is a contribution to the Rosenblatt–Wierdl conjecture (Lond Math Soc Lect Notes 205:3–151, 1995, Problem 4.12, p. 80) with averages taken over primes. These inequalities provide endpoints for the r-variational estimates obtained by Trojan (Math Ann 374:1597–1656, 2019).
Trans-generational physiological condition of embryos is conditioned by maternal thermal stress in Octopus maya
Authors: Domínguez-Castanedo Omar , Palomino-Cruz Daniela , Mascaró Maite , Rodríguez-Fuentes Gabriela , Juárez Oscar E. , Galindo-Sánchez Clara E. , Caamal-Monsreal Claudia , Torres Pavel Galindo , Díaz Fernando , Rosas Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic global warming generates profound metabolic alterations in marine ectotherm invertebrates capable of leading a wide range of these species to extinction. To evaluate the cross-generational effect of thermal stress on the cephalopod Octopus maya, groups of females were exposed at 24 and 30 °C until spawn. After, embryos of each female group were incubated at 24 and 30 °C allowing for evaluating the transgenerational effects on embryos exposed to high and low temperatures. We analyzed the morphology, oxygen consumption, antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress indicators of the embryos. The results demonstrate that thermally stressed females produced smaller eggs with lower yolk content as observed in nonthermally stressed females. Also was observed that embryos from females acclimated at 30 °C had lower body weight and higher respiratory rates when compared with nonthermal stressed females. Embryos from females acclimated at 30 °C showed a collapse of the antioxidant defense system measured as lower both catalase activity and total glutathione concentrations. Additionally, glutathione-s transferase activity increased in embryos incubated at 30 °C and in females maintained at high temperatures in a clear deleterious and cross-generational effect of thermal stress on this octopus species. No changes were observed in the activity of B-esterases in octopus embryos linked with the thermal stress of females. Embryos from thermally stressed females had smaller sizes, less yolk, and higher metabolic rates. Additionally, a collapse in the antioxidant defense system was observed indicating they were unable to control the high load of ROS and oxidative damage, which was partially acquired by maternal inheritance.
Clinical utilisation of multimodal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in investigating muscular damage in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a study on the association between gluteal muscle groups and motor function
Authors: Song Yu , Xu Hua-yan , Xu Ke , Guo Ying-kun , Xie Lin-jun , Peng Fei , Xu Rong , Fu Hang , Yuan Wei-feng , Zhou Zi-qi , Cheng Bo-chao , Fu Chuan , Zhou Hui , Cai Xiao-tang , Li Xue-sheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Duchenne
muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease characterised by progressive muscular weakness and atrophy. Currently, studies on DMD muscle function mostly focus on individual muscles; little is known regarding the effect of gluteal muscle group damage on motor function.

Objective
To explore potential imaging biomarkers of hip and pelvic muscle groups for measuring muscular fat replacement and inflammatory oedema in DMD with multimodal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods
One hundred fifty-nine DMD boys and 32 healthy male controls were prospectively included. All subjects underwent MRI examination of the hip and pelvic muscles with T1 mapping, T2 mapping and Dixon sequences. Quantitatively measured parameters included longitudinal relaxation time (T1), transverse relaxation time (T2) and fat fraction. Investigations were all based on hip and pelvic muscle groups covering flexors, extensors, adductors and abductors. The North Star Ambulatory Assessment and stair climbing tests were used to measure motor function in DMD.

Results
T1 of the extensors (r = 0.720, P < 0.01), flexors (r = 0.558, P < 0.01) and abductors (r = 0.697, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with the North Star Ambulatory Assessment score. In contrast, T2 of the adductors (r = -0.711, P < 0.01) and fat fraction of the extensors (r = -0.753, P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with the North Star Ambulatory Assessment score. Among them, T1 of the abductors (b = 0.013, t = 2.052, P = 0.042), T2 of the adductors (b = -0.234, t = -2.554, P = 0.012) and fat fraction of the extensors (b = -0.637, t =  − 4.096, P < 0.001) significantly affected the North Star Ambulatory Assessment score. Moreover, T1 of the abductors was highly predictive for identifying motor dysfunction in DMD, with an area under the curve of 0.925.

Conclusion
Magnetic resonance biomarkers of hip and pelvic muscle groups (particularly T1 values of the abductor muscles) have the potential to be used as independent risk factors for motor dysfunction in DMD.
Photon-Counting Computed Tomography (PC-CT) of the spine: impact on diagnostic confidence and radiation dose
Authors: Rau Alexander , Straehle Jakob , Stein Thomas , Diallo Thierno , Rau Stephan , Faby Sebastian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Overhoff Daniel , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst , Klingler Jan-Helge , Bamberg Fabian , Weiss Jakob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Computed tomography (CT) is employed to evaluate surgical outcome after spinal interventions. Here, we investigate the potential of multispectral photon-counting computed tomography (PC-CT) on image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared to an energy-integrating CT (EID-CT).

Methods
In this prospective study, 32 patients underwent PC-CT of the spine. Data was reconstructed in two ways: (1) standard bone kernel with 65-keV (PC-CTstd) and (2) 130-keV monoenergetic images (PC-CT130 keV). Prior EID-CT was available for 17 patients; for the remaining 15, an age–, sex–, and body mass index–matched EID-CT cohort was identified. Image quality (5-point Likert scales on overall, sharpness, artifacts, noise, diagnostic confidence) of PC-CTstd and EID-CT was assessed by four radiologists independently. If metallic implants were present (n = 10), PC-CTstd and PC-CT130 keV images were again assessed by 5-point Likert scales by the same radiologists. Hounsfield units (HU) were measured within metallic artifact and compared between PC-CTstd and PC-CT130 keV. Finally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was evaluated.

Results
Sharpness was rated significantly higher (p = 0.009) and noise significantly lower (p < 0.001) in PC-CTstd vs. EID-CT. In the subset of patients with metallic implants, reading scores for PC-CT130 keV revealed superior ratings vs. PC-CTstd for image quality, artifacts, noise, and diagnostic confidence (all p < 0.001) accompanied by a significant increase of HU values within the artifact (p < 0.001). Radiation dose was significantly lower for PC-CT vs. EID-CT (mean CTDIvol: 8.83 vs. 15.7 mGy; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
PC-CT of the spine with high-kiloelectronvolt reconstructions provides sharper images, higher diagnostic confidence, and lower radiation dose in patients with metallic implants.

Key Points
• Compared to energy-integrating CT, photon-counting CT of the spine had significantly higher sharpness and lower image noise while radiation dose was reduced by 45%.
• In patients with metallic implants, virtual monochromatic photon-counting images at 130 keV were superior to standard reconstruction at 65 keV in terms of image quality, artifacts, noise, and diagnostic confidence.
Combined forced diuresis and late acquisition on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer: a clinical practice-oriented study
Authors: Bauckneht Matteo , Miceli Alberto , Signori Alessio , Albano Domenico , Capitanio Selene , Piva Roberta , Laudicella Riccardo , Franchini Annalisa , D’Amico Francesca , Riondato Mattia , Chiola Silvia , Marini Cecilia , Fornarini Giuseppe , Scarale Antonio , Muni Alfredo , Bertagna Francesco , Burger Irene A. , Sambuceti Gianmario , Morbelli Silvia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Increased detection of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrences using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has been reported by adding forced diuresis or late-phase imaging to the standard protocol. However, the combination of these procedures in the clinical setting is still not standardized.

Methods
One hundred prospectively recruited biochemical recurrent PCa patients were restaged with dual-phase [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT from September 2020 to October 2021. All patients received a standard scan (60 min), followed by diuretics (140 min) and a late-phase abdominopelvic scan (180 min). PET readers with low (n = 2), intermediate (n = 2), or high (n = 2) experience rated (i) standard and (ii) standard + forced diuresis late-phase images in a stepwise fashion according to E-PSMA guidelines, scoring their level of confidence. Study endpoints were (i) accuracy against a composite reference standard, (ii) reader’s confidence level, and (iii) interobserver agreement.

Results
Forced diuresis late-phase imaging increased the reader’s confidence category for local and nodal restaging (both p < 0.0001), and the interobserver agreement in identifying nodal recurrences (from moderate to substantial, p < 0.01). However, it significantly increased diagnostic accuracy exclusively for local uptakes rated by low-experienced readers (from 76.5 to 84%, p = 0.05) and for nodal uptakes rated as uncertain at standard imaging (from 68.1 to 78.5%, p < 0.05). In this framework, SUVmax kinetics resulted in an independent predictor of PCa recurrence compared to standard metrics, potentially guiding the dual-phase PET/CT interpretation.

Conclusions
The present results do not support the systematic combination of forced diuresis and late-phase imaging in the clinical setting, but allow the identification of patients-, lesions-, and reader-based scenarios that might benefit from it.

Key Points
• Increased detection of prostate cancer recurrences has been reported by adding diuretics administration or an additional late abdominopelvic scan to the standard [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT procedure.
• We verified the added value of combined forced diuresis and delayed imaging, showing that this protocol only slightly increases the diagnostic accuracy of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, thus not justifying its systematic use in clinics.
• However, it can be helpful in specific clinical scenarios, e.g., when PET/CT is reported by low-experienced readers. Moreover, it increased the reader's confidence and the agreement among observers.
Prognostic value of microRNA-125a expression status in molecular groups of pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Hamam Soheir M. , Abdelzaher Eman , Fadel Shady H. , Nassra Rasha A. , Sharafeldin Hend A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment allows decent survival rates but often with life-long morbidity. Molecular classification provides a base for novel therapeutic approaches. However, these groups are heterogeneous. MicroRNA-125a has a tumor suppressor function. It is downregulated in several tumors. The expression of microRNA-125a in MB patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the expression of microRNA-125a in molecular groups of pediatric MB patients in Egyptian population and its clinical significance.

Methods
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 50 pediatric MB patients were retrospectively collected. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, GAB1, YAP1, and p53 was done for molecular classification. MicroRNA-125a expression analysis was done using qRT-PCR. Follow-up data were obtained from patients’ records.

Results
MicroRNA-125a expression was significantly lower in MB patients showing large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) histology and in the non-WNT/non-SHH group. Lower levels of microRNA-125a showed a tendency toward poor survival rates; however, difference was not significant. Infants and larger preoperative tumor size were significantly associated with lower survival rates. On a multivariate analysis, preoperative tumor size was an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion
MicroRNA-125a expression was significantly lower in categories of pediatric MB patients with worse prognosis namely LC/A histology and the non-WNT/non-SHH group suggesting a pathogenetic role. MicroRNA-125a expression could represent a promising prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in the non-WNT/non-SHH group which represents the most common and the most heterogeneous group of pediatric MBs coupled with the highest rates of disseminated disease. Preoperative tumor size represents an independent prognostic factor.
Five-year follow-up mortality prognostic index for colorectal patients
Authors: Orive Miren , Barrio Irantzu , Lázaro Santiago , Gonzalez Nerea , Bare Marisa , de Larrea Nerea Fernandez , Redondo Maximino , Cortajarena Sarai , Bilbao Amaia , Aguirre Urko , Sarasqueta Cristina , Quintana José M. ,   for the REDISSEC-CARESS/CCR group
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To identify 5-year survival prognostic variables in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to propose a survival prognostic score that also takes into account changes over time in the patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) status.

Methods
Prospective observational cohort study of CRC patients. We collected data from their diagnosis, intervention, and at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years following the index intervention, also collecting HRQoL data using the EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Multivariate Cox proportional models were used.

Results
We found predictors of mortality over the 5-year follow-up to be being older; being male; having a higher TNM stage; having a higher lymph node ratio; having a result of CRC surgery classified as R1 or R2; invasion of neighboring organs; having a higher score on the Charlson comorbidity index; having an ASA IV; and having worse scores, worse quality of life, on the EORTC and EQ-5D questionnaires, as compared to those with higher scores in each of those questionnaires respectively.

Conclusions
These results allow preventive and controlling measures to be established on long-term follow-up of these patients, based on a few easily measurable variables.

Implications for cancer survivors
Patients with colorectal cancer should be monitored more closely depending on the severity of their disease and comorbidities as well as the perceived health-related quality of life, and preventive measures should be established to prevent adverse outcomes and therefore to ensure that better treatment is received.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02488161.