bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the GPM-IMERG V06 Final Run Products for Monthly/Annual Precipitation under the Complex Climatic and Topographic Conditions of China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zheng Xiao , Li Xiufen , Lyu Jiaxin , Zhao Lanlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The new-generation multisatellite precipitation algorithm, namely, Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM-IMERG), version 6, provides a high resolution and large spatial extent and can be used to offset the lack of surface observations. This study aimed to evaluate the precipitation detection capability of GPM-IMERG V06 Final Run products in different climatic and topographical regions of China for the 2014–20 period. This study showed that 1) GPM-IMERG could capture the spatial and temporal precipitation distributions in China. At the annual scale, GPM-IMERG performed well, with a correlation coefficient R >0.95 and a relative bias ratio (RBias) between 15.38% and 23.46%. At the seasonal scale, GPM-IMERG performed best in summer. At the monthly scale, GPM-IMERG performed better during the wet season (April–September) (RBias = 7.41%) than during the dry season (RBias = 13.65%). 2) GPM-IMERG performed well in terms of precipitation estimation in Southwest China, Central China, East China, and South China, followed by Northeast China and North China, but it performed poorly in Northwest China and Tibet. 3) The climate zone, followed by elevation, played a leading role in the GPM-IMERG accuracy in China, and the main sources of GPM-IMERG deviation in arid and semiarid regions were missed precipitation and false precipitation. However, the influences of missed precipitation and false precipitation gradually increased with increasing elevation. Despite the obvious differences between the GPM-IMERG and surface precipitation estimates, the study results highlight the potential of GPM-IMERG as a valuable resource for monitoring high-resolution precipitation information that is lacking in many parts of the world.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study was to better understand the capability of GPM-IMERG for precipitation estimation and the causes of errors. GPM-IMERG performed well when estimating precipitation in Southwest China, Central China, East China, and South China, followed by Northeast China and North China, but it performed poorly in Northwest China and Tibet. Climate, followed by elevation, played a leading role in GPM-IMERG accuracy in China. Our results could provide a greater understanding of the accuracy of GPM-IMERG precipitation estimation in the different regions of China and can be applied to water resource management, afforestation (or reforestation) projects, and so on, in areas worldwide where meteorological stations are scarce.
Atmospheric–Oceanic Processes over the Pacific Involved in the Effects of the Indian Summer Monsoon on ENSO
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Yang Song , He Shan , Fan Hanjie , Chen Jiaxin , Dong Wenjie , Wu Jiaxue , Guan Yuping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the physical mechanisms responsible for the impacts of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on the evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with a focus on understanding the monsoon-induced Pacific air–sea interactive processes. An observational analysis displays that a weaker-than-normal ISM can strengthen an ongoing El Niño event and weaken a La Niña event, and conversely for a stronger-than-normal ISM. A 1000-yr output from the Community Earth System Model version 2 is capable of reproducing this observed feature and is therefore used to explore the responsible ocean–atmosphere interactive processes involved. Results show that a weak ISM can cause a cyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific via stimulating atmospheric cold Kelvin waves, and conversely for a strong ISM. The westerly (easterly) wind anomalies on the southern flank of the anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) generate eastward (westward) current anomalies in the mixed layer and thus induce anomalous warm (cold) zonal advection. Furthermore, the wind anomalies excite oceanic downwelling (upwelling) Kelvin waves, which deepen (shoal) the thermocline in the equatorial eastern Pacific and result in anomalous warm (cold) vertical advection. A quantitative mixed layer heat budget analysis demonstrates that the influence of the monsoon-induced Pacific wind anomalies on ENSO is mainly achieved by changing the zonal advective feedback and thermocline feedback. This result is confirmed by model sensitivity experiments in which additional monsoon heating or cooling anomalies are imposed over the Indian region during the developing summer of an ENSO event.

Significance Statement
While previous studies have reported that the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) could influence the evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), this study is aimed at understanding the physical mechanisms for the Pacific air–sea interactive processes induced by the monsoon and their impact on ENSO. It is found that a weak and strong ISM can respectively induce an anomalous cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. The wind anomalies on the southern flank of the anomalous circulation mainly change the zonal advective feedback and the thermocline feedback to affect ENSO development. This study provides a detailed physical explanation of how the ISM influences ENSO evolution.
Cost Variation in Bariatric Surgery Across the United States
Authors: Ng Ayesha P. , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Verma Arjun , Richardson Shannon , Kronen Elsa , Darbinian Khajack , Mabeza Russyan , Yetasook Amy , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2023

Background High costs have been cited as a barrier to utilization of bariatric surgery despite the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States. The present work characterizes the center-level variation and risk factors for increased hospitalization costs following bariatric operations. Study Design The 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried to identify all adults undergoing elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Random effects were estimated using Bayesian methodology and used to rank hospitals by increasing risk-adjusted center-level costs. Results Of an estimated 687,866 patients at an annual 2435 hospitals, 69.9% underwent SG and 30.1% RYGB, with median costs of $10,900 (interquartile range: 8600-14,000) and $13,600 (10,300-18,000), respectively. Hospitals in the highest tertile of annual SG and RYGB volume were associated with a $1500 (95% CI - 2,100, −800) and $3400 reduction in costs (95% CI -4,200, −2600). Approximately 37.2% (95% CI 35.8-38.6) of variation in hospitalization costs was attributable to the hospital. Hospitals in the top decile of center-level costs were associated with increased odds of developing complications (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.40) but not mortality. Conclusion The present work identified significant interhospital variation in the costs of bariatric operations. Further efforts to standardize costs may enhance the value of bariatric surgical care in the US.
“Intersex” Does not Violate the Sex Binary
Authors: Rehman Rashad 
Published: May 2023

This article supplements Julio Tuleda, Enrique Burguete, and Justo Aznar's “The Vatican opinion on gender theory” ( Linacre). It supplements their article by providing a stronger argument for the thesis that “intersex” does not violate binary sex in human beings. In their response to Timothy F. Murphy's criticism of “the Vatican's” (rightfully corrected as the Magisterium of the Catholic Church's) position on the sex binary, they argue subsidiarily that “intersex” does not violate the sex binary. However, their argument against Murphy as stated is implausible; however, I provide a much stronger argument for their conclusion that intersex does not violate the sex binary. I intend to perform this supplementation in two stages, assuming the reader's familiarity with “The Vatican opinion on gender theory.” First, I provide a broader background than Murphy's to the challenge that “intersex” conditions violate the sex binary, showing both how Murphy's criticism is unoriginal and how “intersex” both has been, and continues to be, misunderstood. Second, I problematize Tuleda’s argument, and offer the strongest argument for the conclusion that “intersex” does not violate the sex binary on purely secular/nonreligious grounds (addressing Murphy's complaint). I conclude that the Magisterium of the Catholic Church remains correct that sex is binary. Summary: Julio Tuleda, Enrique Burguete, and Justo Aznar's “The Vatican opinion on gender theory” challenges Timothy Murphy's criticism of sex binarism as endorsed by the Catholic Church. This article strengthens their criticism by focusing on “intersex” conditions.
Case Ascertainment of Sickle Cell Disease Using Surveillance or Single Administrative Database Case Definitions
Authors: Reeves Sarah L. , Horiuchi Sophia , Zhou Mei , Paulukonis Susan , Snyder Angela , Wilson-Frederick Shondelle , Hulihan Mary 
Published: May 2023

Objective: In the absence of access to surveillance system data, single-source administrative databases are often used to study health care utilization and health outcomes among people with sickle cell disease (SCD). We compared the case definitions from single-source administrative databases with a surveillance case definition to identify people with SCD. Materials and Methods: We used data from Sickle Cell Data Collection programs in California and Georgia (2016-2018). The surveillance case definition for SCD developed for the Sickle Cell Data Collection programs uses multiple databases, including newborn screening, discharge databases, state Medicaid programs, vital records, and clinic data. Case definitions for SCD in single-source administrative databases varied by database (Medicaid and discharge) and years of data (1, 2, and 3 years). We calculated the proportion of people meeting the surveillance case definition for SCD that was captured by each single administrative database case definition for SCD, by birth cohort, sex, and Medicaid enrollment. Results: In California, 7117 people met the surveillance case definition of SCD from 2016 through 2018; 48% of this group was captured by the Medicaid case definition and 41% by the discharge case definition. In Georgia, 10 448 people met the surveillance case definition of SCD from 2016 through 2018; 45% of this group was captured by the Medicaid case definition and 51% by the discharge case definition. These proportions differed by years of data, birth cohort, and length of Medicaid enrollment. Practice Implications: The surveillance case definition identified twice as many people with SCD as the single-source administrative database definitions during the same period, but trade-offs exist in using single administrative databases for decisions on policy and program expansion for SCD.
Boys’ Internalized Appearance-Related Norms from Different Socializers Uniquely, Negatively Relate to Wellbeing and Gender Beliefs
Authors: Nielson Matthew G. , Tolman Deborah , Martin Carol Lynn , Fraser Ashley M. 
Published: May 2023

Much of the work on body image socialization masks the potentially unique influence of different socializers, yet clearer understanding of socialization mechanisms and ideological context aid intervention efforts. We explored how fathers, female peers, male peers, and adolescent boys themselves produce different levels of internalized appearance-related norms and how these socializer-specific norms differentially relate to wellbeing and beliefs related to gender identity. With a sample of early adolescent boys ( n = 260; M age = 11.44 years, SD age = .56, 64% White), we used SEM to investigate relations between internalized norms, wellbeing, and gender beliefs. We found that most boys internalized appearance-related norms, and that boys reported higher levels of norms from themselves than from fathers or peers. Internalized appearance-related norms from different socializers uniquely related to self-esteem, private/public regard of gender, and self-presentation expectations in peer interactions. This relational framework provides unique insights into boys’ experiences with their appearance and the role of different socializers.
Trends in the Epidemiology and Treatment of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Yearwood Camille , Wilbur Colin 
Published: May 2023

Background Fingolimod became the first disease-modifying therapy approved by Health Canada for pediatric multiple sclerosis in 2018, but the impact of that approval on treatment patterns in Canada is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe trends in the epidemiology and treatment of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in Alberta, Canada. Methods This study entailed a retrospective review of administrative health databases using 2 case definitions of multiple sclerosis. Those <19 years of age at a date of diagnosis between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020, were included. Incidence and prevalence estimates were calculated and stratified by sex and age cohort. Pharmacy dispenses of disease-modifying therapies were identified. Results 106 children met one or both case definitions. In 2020, the age-standardized incidence using the 2 case definitions was 0.47 and 0.57 per 100 000, and the age-standardized prevalence was 2.84 and 3.41 per 100 000, respectively. Seventy-nine incident cases were identified, 38 (48%) of whom were dispensed a disease-modifying therapy prior to age 19 years. Injectables accounted for all initial pediatric disease-modifying therapy dispenses prior to 2019, whereas in 2019-2020 injectables accounted for only 3 of 15 (20%) initial dispenses, and instead B-cell therapies were the most common initial disease-modifying therapy (6 of 15, 40%). In 2020, B-cell therapies were the most common disease-modifying therapy dispensed overall (9 of 22 dispenses, 41%) followed by fingolimod (6 of 22, 27%). Conclusion The treatment of children with multiple sclerosis in Alberta has evolved, with a rapid shift in 2019 away from injectables to newer agents, although B-cell therapies—not fingolimod—are now most commonly dispensed.
Cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A cross-sectional study in a Brazilian sample
Authors: Borba Eduardo A , Scoto Dias Eduarda , Tercziany Vanzin José Henrique , Ferreira de Queiroz Junior Nelzi , dos Santos Thiago Alberto FG , Skare Thelma , Nisihara Renato 
Published: May 2023

Background Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contributes to impairment in the patient’s quality of life. Aim To study CD in a sample of patients and the possible associations with cumulative damage, disease activity, clinical/serological profile, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose. Methods Included in this study are 103 patients with SLE and 95 controls for cognitive performance through MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Disease activity was measured by SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) and cumulative organ damage by SLICC/ACR/DI (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression) scale was used to evaluate depression. Data on clinical and serological profile, treatment, and cumulative glucocorticoid dose were also collected. Results Patients with SLE had worse performance in the MoCA ( p = 0.009) and MMSE ( p = 0.01) than controls. The MoCA results showed that visuospatial and abstraction domains ( p = 0.03 and p = 0.002, respectively) were impaired, and the MMSE results showed that language and spatial orientation were reduced ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively) when compared to controls. Both questionnaires (MoCA with r = −0.29 and MMSE r = −0.21) correlated negatively with SLICC/ACR/DI and the MoCA with SLEDAI (r = −0.22). No associations were found with cumulative glucocorticoid dose, degree of depression, and clinical or serological profile. Conclusions According to the MoCA, visuospatial cognition and abstraction were impaired, and according to the MMSE, spatial orientation and language were impaired in patients with SLE. The CD was correlated with cumulative damage and disease activity. These findings demonstrate that both disease-activity and disease-injury associated CD is found broadly in SLE patients in a Brazilian population, supporting the prior reports of CD in other regional SLE populations.
Psychiatric comorbidities in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Naskar Chandrima , Sharma Aman 
Published: May 2023

Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement presenting with a myriad of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although many studies have evaluated screening questionnaires based psychiatric morbidity, very few studies have used contemporary diagnostic criteria. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with SLE admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods A total of 79 patients diagnosed with SLE for at least for 1 year, who were not in delirium were assessed by a qualified psychiatrist for psychiatric morbidity as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria. Additionally, these patients were assessed on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) item version, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) item version, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results 51% ( n = 40) of the participants were diagnosed with a psychiatric diagnosis, with depressive disorders being the most common, seen in 36.7% ( n = 29) of the participants. Additionally, 10% ( n = 8) participants were diagnosed with adjustment disorder and 2.5% ( n = 2) were diagnosed with anxiety (not otherwise specified). Only one patient was diagnosed with organic psychosis. On PHQ-9, 39.8% ( n = 33) were diagnosed with depression. 44.3% ( n = 35) expressed death wishes and/or suicidal ideations. On PHQ-15, 17.7% ( n = 14) of the participants scored for severe somatic distress (score >15). On GAD-7, 55.7% ( n = 44) screened positive for anxiety symptoms, but only 7.6% ( n = ) had a score of 15 or more to indicate severe anxiety. Nearly half ( n = 43; 52%) of the participants also had cognitive impairment as assessed on MoCA, with 13.3% ( n = 11) of the participants having scores indicating severe dementia. Conclusions Patients with SLE have a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and should be routinely screened for psychiatric morbidity. They should be appropriately treated, to improve the overall treatment outcomes.
A Study of Hypertension and Related Biophysical and Health-related Lifestyle Behaviors in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia
Authors: Sharma Akhilesh , Basera Devendra Singh , Suri Vikas , Singh Shubh Mohan 
Published: May 2023

Background Schizophrenia is a life-shortening disease. The standardized mortality ratio has been higher than that of the general population, and it has doubled what it was 3-4 decades ago. This rise is mostly attributed to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) use. Evidence from the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) era shows a lower prevalence of hypertension (HTN) but data regarding SGAs is scarce. Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of HTN and related factors using standardized methodology in patients with schizophrenia on treatment with SGAs. Methods A cross-sectional study through convenient sampling was done. Blood pressure, anthropometry, physical activity, and health-related lifestyle factors were assessed using the standard World Health Organization (WHO) methodology of cardiovascular survey methods and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2. The prevalence of HTN, obesity, inadequate physical activity, and other demographic and clinical correlates like antipsychotic use, duration of illness, and family history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were studied. Results The prevalence of HTN is 20.50%, and it increases with age. SGAs with the use of a single agent are the most common. In total, 45.50% of persons with schizophrenia have a positive family history of a NCD; 22.00% and 07.50% are current tobacco and alcohol users, respectively; and 70% have abdominal obesity, and 54% have generalized obesity. Waist circumference, obesity, and family history of NCDs are significant correlates of HTN. A family history of NCDs is the most significant predictor. Conclusion The prevalence of HTN is lower than that of the general population despite the high prevalence of SGA use, obesity, and inadequate physical activity.
Evaluation of cancer drug infusion devices prior to the implementation of a compounding robot
Authors: Caron Guillaume , Vasseur Michèle , Courtin Justin , Masse Morgane , Décaudin Bertrand , Genay Stéphanie , Odou Pascal , Simon Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Compounding robots are increasingly being implemented in hospital pharmacies. In our hospital, the recent acquisition of a robot (RIVATM, ARxIUM) for intravenous cancer drug compounding obliged us to replace the previously used infusion devices. The objective of the present study was to assess and qualify the new intravenous sets prior to their use in our hospital and prior to the implementation of the compounding robot. Materials and Methods The ChemoLockTM (ICU Medical) was compared with the devices used previously for compounding (BD PhaSealTM, Becton-Dickinson) and infusion (Connect-ZTM, Codan Medical). The connection/disconnection of infusion devices to/from 50 mL infusion bags was tested with a dynamometer (Multitest-i, Mecmesin). Leakage contamination was visualized by a methylene blue assay and was quantified in simulated pump infusions with 20 mg/mL quinine sulfate ( N = 36/group); after the analytical assay had been validated, quinine was detected by UV-spectrophotometry at 280 and 330 nm. Groups were compared using chi-squared or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results The connection/disconnection test showed that although all the devices complied with the current standard, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean ± standard deviation compression force (51.5 ± 11.6 for the Connect-ZTM vs. 60.3 ± 11.7 for the ChemoLockTM; p = 0.0005). Leaks were detected in 32 (29.1%) of the 110 tests of the ChemoLockTM. The contamination rates were also significantly different: 13.9% for the BD PhaSealTM versus 75.0% for the ChemoLockTM; p < 0.0001). Discussion/conclusion Our results showed that the new infusion device complied with current standards. However, the presence of contamination emphasizes the need for operators to use the recommended personal protective equipment. Further studies of contamination with cancer drugs are required.