bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray polarimetry and its application to strong-field quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Yu Qiqi , Xu Dirui , Shen Baifei , Cowan Thomas E. , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Polarimetry is a highly sensitive method to quantify changes of the polarization state of light when passing through matter and is therefore widely applied in material science. The progress of synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources has led to significant developments of X-ray polarizers, opening perspectives for new applications of polarimetry to study source and beamline parameters as well as sample characteristics. X-ray polarimetry has shown to date a polarization purity of less than

$1.4\times {10}^{-11}$

, enabling the detection of very small signals from ultrafast phenomena. A prominent application is the detection of vacuum birefringence. Vacuum birefringence is predicted in quantum electrodynamics and is expected to be probed by combining an XFEL with a petawatt-class optical laser. We review how source and optical elements affect X-ray polarimeters in general and which qualities are required for the detection of vacuum birefringence.
Equity in the Pandemic Treaty: Access and Benefit-Sharing as a Policy Device or a Rhetorical Device?
Authors: Hampton Abbie-Rose , Eccleston-Turner Mark , Rourke Michelle , Switzer Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEquity is a foundational concept for the new World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Treaty. WHO Member States are currently negotiating to turn this undefined concept into tangible outcomes by borrowing a policy mechanism from international environmental law: “access and benefit-sharing” (ABS).
Measuring time preferences in large surveys
Authors: Bechtel Michael M. , Jensen Amalie , McAllister Jordan H. , Scheve Kenneth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTime preferences may explain public opinion about a wide range of long-term policy problems with costs and benefits realized in the distant future. However, mass publics may discount these costs and benefits because they are later or because they are more uncertain. Standard methods to elicit individual-level time preferences tend to conflate risk and time attitudes and are susceptible to social desirability bias. A potential solution relies on a costly lab-experimental method, convex time budgets (CTB). We present and experimentally validate an affordable version of this approach for implementation in mass surveys. We find that the theoretically preferred CTB patience measure predicts attitudes toward a local, delayed investment problem but fails to predict support for more complex, future-oriented policies.
Identity Propaganda
Authors: Horz Carlo M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolitical elites often employ propaganda to affect the behavior of a particular social group by altering its members' social identities. The empirical literature has demonstrated that this kind of ‘identity propaganda’ is generally effective at mobilizing citizens. However, while the consequences of being exposed to propaganda depend on its content, we know little about which factors shape propaganda content. To gain insight into the determinants of propaganda content, I analyze a game-theoretic model where a political elite proposes a new identity norm, and citizens affirm or reject it. I demonstrate that, in equilibrium, the propagandist exploits his agenda-setting power to design effective identity norms. I also show that more demanding identity norms can emerge when citizens’ mobilization costs are higher, or the propagandist can cheaply allocate material incentives. By contrast, the nature of strategic interaction among citizens has an ambiguous effect on identity norms.
Domination at Work: Resisting the Radical Diagnosis
Authors: Frye Harrison 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolitical theorists and philosophers have converged mainly on the following claim: workers face the threat of domination in the workplace. While many propose reforms to capitalism to address this domination, a growing chorus of radical Republicans argue that domination at work results from the capitalist distribution of ownership. In this paper, I argue that this focus on ownership is a mistake. Instead, I contend we ought to direct our attention to the role that managerial discretion plays in the firm's structure. My intention in advancing these two claims is to carve out space for a position that acknowledges the domination of workers, but does so in a way that is compatible with private ownership in the means of production.
Homeland, magnet, and refuge: Mecca in the travels and imaginaries of Chinese Muslims
Authors: Jeong Janice Hyeju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMecca is often conceptualized as a destination for theḥajjor a source of leverage for both western and Ottoman imperial states, and in the twentieth century, for Saudi national foreign policy and Islamist movements. While building on such transnational angles, this article views the city as a convergence point for diaspora populations, an intermediary site that has received and redirected the mobilities of sojourners, refugees, and exiles from different parts of Asia throughout the manifold turnovers of the twentieth century. The article focuses on a community of first- to third-generation settlers in the Hejaz who trace their other homes to different places in China proper. Using archival documents, travelogues, and ethnographic interviews, the article argues that the routes to Mecca, coupled with imaginaries of the city as a home place for Muslims worldwide, served as a rare constant orienting force that sustained two-directional mobilities of Chinese Muslim diasporas through the wars and revolutions of modern times.
Can ship travel contain COVID-19 outbreak after re-opening: a Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Hsu Chen-Yang , Chen Jia-Kun , Wikramaratna Paul S. , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Lai Chao-Chih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large gatherings of people on cruise ships and warships are often at high risk of COVID-19 infections. To assess the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 on warships and cruise ships and to quantify the effectiveness of the containment measures, the transmission coefficient (β), basic reproductive number (R0), and time to deploy containment measures were estimated by the Bayesian Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model. A meta-analysis was conducted to predict vaccine protection with or without non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The analysis showed that implementing NPIs during voyages could reduce the transmission coefficients of SARS-CoV-2 by 50%. Two weeks into the voyage of a cruise that begins with 1 infected passenger out of a total of 3,711 passengers, we estimate there would be 45 (95% CI:25-71), 33 (95% CI:20-52), 18 (95% CI:11-26), 9 (95% CI:6-12), 4 (95% CI:3-5), and 2 (95% CI:2-2) final cases under 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% vaccine protection, respectively, without NPIs. The timeliness of strict NPIs along with implementing strict quarantine and isolation measures is imperative to contain COVID-19 cases in cruise ships. The spread of COVID-19 on ships was predicted to be limited in scenarios corresponding to at least 70% protection from prior vaccination, across all passengers and crew.
A pilot study of experiencing racial microaggressions, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the role of psychological flexibility
Authors: Browning Morgan E. , Lloyd-Richardson Elizabeth E. , Satterfield Sidney L. , Trisal Akshay V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Experiencing racial microaggressions has clear effects on physical and psychological health, including obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms (OCS). More research is needed to examine this link. Psychological flexibility is an important process to examine in this work.Aims:This study aimed to examine if, while controlling for depression and anxiety, experiences of microaggressions and psychological flexibility helped explain OCD symptoms within a university-affiliated sample (undergraduate, graduate and law students). This was a pilot exploration of the relationships across themes.Method:Initial baseline data from a longitudinal study of psychological flexibility, OCD symptoms, depression, anxiety and experience of microaggressions was utilized. Correlations and regressions were utilized to examine which OCD symptom dimensions were associated with experiencing racial microaggressions in addition to anxiety and depression, and the added role of psychological flexibility was examined.Results:OCD symptoms, experiences of microaggressions and psychological flexibility were correlated. Experiences of racial microaggressions explained responsibility for harm and contamination OCD symptoms above and beyond psychological distress. Exploratory results support the relevance of psychological flexibility.Conclusion:Results support other work that experiences of racial microaggressions help explain OCS and they add some support for psychological flexibility as a relevant risk or protective factor for mental health in marginalized populations. These topics should be studied longitudinally with continued consideration of all OCD themes, larger sample sizes, intersecting identities, clinical samples, and continued exploration of psychological flexibility and mindfulness and values-based treatments.
Introduction to the symposium on the shadow economy, tax behaviour, and institutions
Authors: Granda Catalina , Kogler Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis JOIE symposium features some of the most influential papers presented in the seventh version of the conference onThe shadow economy, tax behaviour, and institutions. Accordingly, it brings together contributions from several disciplines and schools of thought in the social sciences and the humanities exploring such issues as the role of formal and informal institutions in understanding the shadow economy, the importance of social aversion in the motivations for tax compliance, and the dual nature of corruption. This introduction lays out the scope of the symposium, summarises the preceding literature on the topic, and provides a brief outline of each contributing article, noting that, although each paper focuses on a different economic and cultural context, they share several elements in common with alternative theories addressing the institutional, psychological, and sociological aspects of tax law compliance and other appropriate behaviours.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Genetic Testing and Personal Insurance Products in Australia
Authors: McInerney-Leo Aideen M. , Ayres Samantha , Boyle Jackie , Jacobs Chris , Newson Ainsley J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe expansion of genetic and genomic testing in clinical practice and research, and the growing market for direct-to-consumer genomic testing has led to increased awareness about the impact of this form of testing on insurance. Genetic or genomic information can be requested by providers of mutually rated insurance products, who may then use it when setting premiums or determining eligibility for cover under a particular product. Australian insurers are subject to relevant legislation and an industry led standard that was updated in 2019 to introduce a moratorium on the use of genetic test results in life insurance underwriting for policies <AU$500K. The Human Genetics Society of Australasia has updated its position statement on genetic testing and life insurance to account for these changes and to increase the scope of the statement to include a wider range of personally-rated insurance products, such as life, critical care, and income protection products. Recommendations include that: providers of professional education involving genetics should include ethical, legal, and social aspects of insurance discrimination in their curricula; the Australian Government take a more active role in regulating use of genetic information in personal insurance; that information obtained in the course of a research project be excluded; insurers seek expert advice when making underwriting decisions regarding genetic testing; and engagement between the insurance industry, regulators, and the genetics profession be improved.
Surface Water Isoscape Modeling in the Himalayan Region: An Alternative for Moisture Source Investigation, Hydrograph Separation, and Paleolatitude Estimation
Authors: Dar Tanveer , Rai Nachiketa , Bhat Mohd Aadil , Kumar Sudhir , Jahan Akhtar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of water isotopes provides essential scientific data for understanding many hydrological, paleoclimate, and ecological processes. The limited isotopic data across the Himalayan River Basins (HRB) obstructs the study of basin‐scale hydrological processes. New data of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from Indus, in combination with a comprehensive compiled data set from HRB, was used for the first time to create isoscapes (δ18O and d‐excess) for specifically representing surface water. The δ18O and d‐excess isoscape define a clear isotopic distinction along a topographic gradient from south to north and west to east that could be reproduced (predicted) by using a Geographically weighted Regression Model (GWRM) based on surface heterogeneity by considering a combination of predictors (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, runoff, elevation, slope, aspect, and land use landcover). The d‐excess isoscape demonstrates more complicated spatial variability, owing to differential moisture inputs from westerlies and the Indian Summer Monsoon, as well as secondary evaporation processes in the region. GWRM isoscapes have been able to compute the fractional contributions from different water sources across HRB. The model‐derived predicted δ18O and elevation values suggest a second‐order polynomial relationship that represents the Isotopic Lapse Rate more accurately than a linear one. The GWRM predictive isoscapes are sufficiently accurate to serve as a good proxy for the influence of moisture source and runoff estimation, palaeoecological studies, climate reconstruction, and changes in hydrological processes because of climate change. Therefore, GWRM can be applied to other regions where data is lacking.
A Global Climate Model Performance Atlas for the Southern Hemisphere Extratropics Based on Regional Atmospheric Circulation Patterns
Authors: Brands S. , Fernández‐Granja J. A. , Bedia J. , Casanueva A. , Fernández J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe performance of 61 global climate models participating in CMIP5 and 6 is evaluated for the Southern Hemisphere extratropics in terms of typical regional‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. These patterns are known to be linked with a number of key variables in atmospheric physics and chemistry and provide an overarching concept for model evaluation. First, hemispheric‐wide error and ranking maps are provided for each model and regional details are described. Then, the results are compared with those obtained in a companion study for the Northern Hemisphere. For most models, the average error magnitude and ranking position is similar on both hemispheres, ruling out systematic tuning toward either of the two. CMIP6 models perform better on average than CMIP5 models and the interactive simulation of more climate system components does not deteriorate the results for most model families. Better performance is associated with higher resolution in the atmosphere, following a non‐linear relationship.
Ultra-resolution scalable microprinting
Authors: Vidler Callum , Crozier Kenneth , Collins David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProjection micro stereolithography (PµSL) is a digital light processing (DLP) based printing technique for producing structured microparts. In this approach there is often a tradeoff between the largest object that can be printed and the minimum feature size, with higher resolution generally reducing the overall extent of the structure. The ability to produce structures with high spatial resolution and large overall volume, however, is immensely important for the creation of hierarchical materials, microfluidic devices and bioinspired constructs. In this work, we report a low-cost system with 1 µm optical resolution, representing the highest resolution system yet developed for the creation of micro-structured parts whose overall dimensions are nevertheless on the order of centimeters. To do so, we examine the limits at which PµSL can be applied at scale as a function of energy dosage, resin composition, cure depth and in-plane feature resolution. In doing so we develop a unique exposure composition approach that allows us to greatly improve the resolution of printed features. This ability to construct high-resolution scalable microstructures has the potential to accelerate advances in emerging areas, including 3D metamaterials, tissue engineering and bioinspired constructs.
Visualization of Nanomechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Liang Xiaobin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is considered an advanced tool for microscopic study of materials study due to its capabilities for nanoscale spatial characterization. Over the past two decades, the AFM-based nanomechanical characterization technique has been extensively used to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of polymeric materials. This technique enables direct visualization of the micromechanical properties of material surfaces and is referred to as the AFM nanomechanics technique. This review discusses the application of this technique in the study of polymer composites with a specific focus on the significant advances made in tracking the microscopic deformation behavior and visualizing the microscopic stress distributions of materials.
Multibreed genomic prediction using summary statistics and a breed-origin-of-alleles approach
Authors: Clasen J. B. , Fikse W. F. , Su G. , Karaman E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBecause of an increasing interest in crossbreeding between dairy breeds in dairy cattle herds, farmers are requesting breeding values for crossbred animals. However, genomically enhanced breeding values are difficult to predict in crossbred populations because the genetic make-up of crossbred individuals is unlikely to follow the same pattern as for purebreds. Furthermore, sharing genotype and phenotype information between breed populations are not always possible, which means that genetic merit (GM) for crossbred animals may be predicted without the information needed from some pure breeds, resulting in low prediction accuracy. This simulation study investigated the consequences of using summary statistics from single-breed genomic predictions for some or all pure breeds in two- and three-breed rotational crosses, rather than their raw data. A genomic prediction model taking into account the breed-origin of alleles (BOA) was considered. Because of a high genomic correlation between the breeds simulated (0.62–0.87), the prediction accuracies using the BOA approach were similar to a joint model, assuming homogeneous SNP effects for these breeds. Having a reference population with summary statistics available from all pure breeds and full phenotype and genotype information from crossbreds yielded almost as high prediction accuracies (0.720–0.768) as having a reference population with full information from all pure breeds and crossbreds (0.753–0.789). Lacking information from the pure breeds yielded much lower prediction accuracies (0.590–0.676). Furthermore, including crossbred animals in a combined reference population also benefitted prediction accuracies in the purebred animals, especially for the smallest breed population.
Coronavirus sampling and surveillance in bats from 1996–2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cohen Lily E. , Fagre Anna C. , Chen Binqi , Carlson Colin J. , Becker Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 highlights a need for evidence-based strategies to monitor bat viruses. We performed a systematic review of coronavirus sampling (testing for RNA positivity) in bats globally. We identified 110 studies published between 2005 and 2020 that collectively reported positivity from 89,752 bat samples. We compiled 2,274 records of infection prevalence at the finest methodological, spatiotemporal and phylogenetic level of detail possible from public records into an open, static database named datacov, together with metadata on sampling and diagnostic methods. We found substantial heterogeneity in viral prevalence across studies, reflecting spatiotemporal variation in viral dynamics and methodological differences. Meta-analysis identified sample type and sampling design as the best predictors of prevalence, with virus detection maximized in rectal and faecal samples and by repeat sampling of the same site. Fewer than one in five studies collected and reported longitudinal data, and euthanasia did not improve virus detection. We show that bat sampling before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was concentrated in China, with research gaps in South Asia, the Americas and sub-Saharan Africa, and in subfamilies of phyllostomid bats. We propose that surveillance strategies should address these gaps to improve global health security and enable the origins of zoonotic coronaviruses to be identified.
The impact of rare protein coding genetic variation on adult cognitive function
Authors: Chen Chia-Yen , Tian Ruoyu , Ge Tian , Lam Max , Sanchez-Andrade Gabriela , Singh Tarjinder , Urpa Lea , Liu Jimmy Z. , Sanderson Mark , Rowley Christine , Ironfield Holly , Fang Terry ,   Biogen Biobank Team,   The SUPER-Finland study, Kyttälä Aija , Elliott Amanda , Kämpe Anders , Sourander Andre , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Solismaa Anssi , Tanskanen Antti , Ahola-Olli Ari , Mustonen Arto , Honkasalo Arttu , Wegelius Asko , Mazumder Atiqul , Toivola Auli , Neale Benjamin , Hietala Elina , Saarentaus Elmo , Cederlöf Erik , Isometsä Erkki , Taipale Heidi , Västrik Imre , Suvisaari Jaana , Tiihonen Jari , Hietala Jarmo , Ahti Johan , Lintunen Jonne , Lönnqvist Jouko , Veijola Juha , Moghadampour Julia , Niemi-Pynttäri Jussi , Lahdensuo Kaisla , Häkkinen Katja , Hakakari Katriina , Suokas Kimmo , Taivalantti Marjo , Lähteenvuo Markku , Kerkelä Martta , Holm Minna , Lindberg Nina , Ristiluoma Noora , Kampman Olli , Pietiläinen Olli , Kajanne Risto , Lång-Tonteri Sari , Niemelä Solja , Hyman Steven E. , Rask Susanna , Männynsalo Teemu , Paunio Tiina , Jukuri Tuomas , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Kieseppä Tuula , Mäkipelto Ville , Haaki Willehard , Misiewicz Zuzanna ,   The Northern Finland Intellectual Disability study, Kurki Mitja I. , Körkkö Jarmo , Moilanen Jukka , Kuismin Outi , Daly Mark , Palotie Aarno , Tsai Ellen A. , Huang Hailiang , Hurles Matthew E. , Gerety Sebastian S. , Lencz Todd , Runz Heiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompelling evidence suggests that human cognitive function is strongly influenced by genetics. Here, we conduct a large-scale exome study to examine whether rare protein-coding variants impact cognitive function in the adult population (n = 485,930). We identify eight genes (ADGRB2, KDM5B, GIGYF1, ANKRD12, SLC8A1, RC3H2, CACNA1A and BCAS3) that are associated with adult cognitive function through rare coding variants with large effects. Rare genetic architecture for cognitive function partially overlaps with that of neurodevelopmental disorders. In the case of KDM5B we show how the genetic dosage of one of these genes may determine the variability of cognitive, behavioral and molecular traits in mice and humans. We further provide evidence that rare and common variants overlap in association signals and contribute additively to cognitive function. Our study introduces the relevance of rare coding variants for cognitive function and unveils high-impact monogenic contributions to how cognitive function is distributed in the normal adult population.