bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microneedle Patch Loaded with Exosomes Containing MicroRNA‐29b Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yuan Jianping , Yang Hong , Liu Chunxia , Shao Lianbo , Zhang Haixin , Lu Kunyan , Wang Jingjing , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Qian , Zhang Yanxia , Yu Yunsheng , Shen Zhenya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Uncontrolled and excessive cardiac fibrosis after MI has been recognized as a primary contributor to mortality by heart failure. Thus, prevention of fibrosis or alleviation of fibrosis progression is important for cardiac repair. To this end, a biocompatible microneedle (MN) patch based on gelatin is fabricated to load exosomes containing microRNA‐29b (miR‐29b) mimics with antifibrotic activity to prevent excessive cardiac fibrosis after MI. Exosomes are isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and loaded with miR‐29b mimics via electroporation, which can be internalized effectively in cardiac fibroblasts to upregulate the expression of miR‐29b and downregulate the expression of fibrosis‐related proteins. After being implanted in the infarcted heart of a mouse MI model, the MN patch can increase the retention of loaded exosomes in the infarcted myocardium, leading to alleviation of inflammation, reduction of the infarct size, inhibition of fibrosis, and improvement of cardiac function. This design explored the MN patch as a suitable platform to deliver exosomes containing antifibrotic biomolecules locally for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis, showing the potential for MI treatment in clinical applications.
300‐Times‐Increased Diffusive Skyrmion Dynamics and Effective Pinning Reduction by Periodic Field Excitation
Authors: Gruber Raphael , Brems Maarten A. , Rothörl Jan , Sparmann Tobias , Schmitt Maurice , Kononenko Iryna , Kammerbauer Fabian , Syskaki Maria‐Andromachi , Farago Oded , Virnau Peter , Kläui Mathias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThermally induced skyrmion dynamics, as well as skyrmion pinning effects, in thin films have attracted significant interest. While pinning poses challenges in deterministic skyrmion devices and slows down skyrmion diffusion, for applications in non‐conventional computing, both pinning of an appropriate strength and skyrmion diffusion speed are key. Here, periodic field excitations are employed to realize an increase of the skyrmion diffusion by more than two orders of magnitude. Amplifying the excitation, a drastic reduction of the effective skyrmion pinning, is reported, and a transition from pinning‐dominated diffusive hopping to dynamics approaching free diffusion is observed. By tailoring the field oscillation frequency and amplitude, a continuous tuning of the effective pinning and skyrmion dynamics is demonstrated, which is a key asset and enabler for non‐conventional computing applications. It is found that the periodic excitations additionally allow stabilization of skyrmions at different sizes for field values that are inaccessible in static systems, opening up new approaches to ultrafast skyrmion motion by transiently exciting moving skyrmions.
Engineering and Development of a Tissue Model for the Evaluation of Microneedle Penetration Ability, Drug Diffusion, Photothermal Activity, and Ultrasound Imaging: A Promising Surrogate to Ex Vivo and In Vivo Tissues
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Shabani Majid , Rabiee Navid , Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Maleki Aziz , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , De Pasquale Daniele , Koskinopoulou Maria , Sharifi Esmaeel , Sartorius Rossella , Seyedhamzeh Mohammad , Bochani Shayesteh , Hirata Ikue , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia , Mattos Leonardo S. , Donnelly Ryan F. , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDriven by regulatory authorities and the ever‐growing demands from industry, various artificial tissue models have been developed. Nevertheless, there is no model to date that is capable of mimicking the biomechanical properties of the skin whilst exhibiting the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity properties of the skin layers. As a proof‐of‐concept study, tissue surrogates based on gel and silicone are fabricated for the evaluation of microneedle penetration, drug diffusion, photothermal activity, and ultrasound bioimaging. The silicone layer aims to imitate the stratum corneum while the gel layer aims to mimic the water‐rich viable epidermis and dermis present in in vivo tissues. The diffusion of drugs across the tissue model is assessed, and the results reveal that the proposed tissue model shows similar behavior to a cancerous kidney. In place of typical in vitro aqueous solutions, this model can also be employed for evaluating the photoactivity of photothermal agents since the tissue model shows a similar heating profile to skin of mice when irradiated with near‐infrared laser. In addition, the designed tissue model exhibits promising results for biomedical applications in optical coherence tomography and ultrasound imaging. Such a tissue model paves the way to reduce the use of animals testing in research whilst obviating ethical concerns.
Size‐Induced Ferroelectricity in Antiferroelectric Oxide Membranes
Authors: Xu Ruijuan , Crust Kevin J. , Harbola Varun , Arras Rémi , Patel Kinnary Y. , Prosandeev Sergey , Cao Hui , Shao Yu‐Tsun , Behera Piush , Caretta Lucas , Kim Woo Jin , Khandelwal Aarushi , Acharya Megha , Wang Melody M. , Liu Yin , Barnard Edward S. , Raja Archana , Martin Lane W. , Gu X. Wendy , Zhou Hua , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Muller David A. , Bellaiche Laurent , Hwang Harold Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite extensive studies on size effects in ferroelectrics, how structures and properties evolve in antiferroelectrics with reduced dimensions still remains elusive. Given the enormous potential of utilizing antiferroelectrics for high‐energy‐density storage applications, understanding their size effects will provide key information for optimizing device performances at small scales. Here, the fundamental intrinsic size dependence of antiferroelectricity in lead‐free NaNbO3 membranes is investigated. Via a wide range of experimental and theoretical approaches, an intriguing antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric transition upon reducing membrane thickness is probed. This size effect leads to a ferroelectric single‐phase below 40 nm, as well as a mixed‐phase state with ferroelectric and antiferroelectric orders coexisting above this critical thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders are electrically switchable. First‐principle calculations further reveal that the observed transition is driven by the structural distortion arising from the membrane surface. This work provides direct experimental evidence for intrinsic size‐driven scaling in antiferroelectrics and demonstrates enormous potential of utilizing size effects to drive emergent properties in environmentally benign lead‐free oxides with the membrane platform.
Rapid and Direct Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Luminescent Metal Halide Superlattices
Authors: Le Thanh‐Hai , Noh Seonmyeong , Lee Haney , Lee Jisun , Kim Minjin , Kim Changjun , Yoon Hyeonseok 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe crystallization of nanocrystal building blocks into artificial superlattices has emerged as an efficient approach for tailoring the nanoscale properties and functionalities of novel devices. To date, ordered arrays of colloidal metal halide nanocrystals have mainly been achieved by using post‐synthetic strategies. Here, a rapid and direct liquid‐phase synthesis is presented to achieve a highly robust crystallization of luminescent metal halide nanocrystals into perfect face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) superlattices on the micrometer scale. The continuous growth of individual nanocrystals is observed within the superlattice, followed by the disassembly of the superlattices into individually dispersed nanocrystals owing to the highly repulsive interparticle interactions induced by large nanocrystals. Transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals that owing to an increase in solvent entropy, the structure of the superlattices transforms from FCC to hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) and the nanocrystals disassemble. The FCC superlattice exhibits a single and slightly redshifted emission, due to the reabsorption‐free property of the building block units. Compared to individual nanocrystals, the superlattices have three times higher quantum yield with improved environmental stability, making them ideal for use as ultrabright blue‐light emitters. This study is expected to facilitate the creation of metamaterials with ordered nanocrystal structures and their practical applications.
FeNC Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst with High Utilization Penta‐Coordinated Sites
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Pedersen Angus , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Bagger Alexander , Gong Mengjun , Favero Silvia , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Garcia‐Serres Ricardo , Li Alain Y. , Zhang Qiang , Jaouen Frédéric , Maillard Frédéric , Kucernak Anthony , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtomic Fe in N‐doped carbon (FeNC) electrocatalysts for oxygen (O2) reduction at the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the most promising alternative to platinum‐group‐metal catalysts. Despite recent progress on atomic FeNC O2 reduction, their controlled synthesis and stability for practical applications remain challenging. A two‐step synthesis approach has recently led to significant advances in terms of Fe‐loading and mass activity; however, the Fe utilization remains low owing to the difficulty of building scaffolds with sufficient porosity that electrochemically exposes the active sites. Herein, this issue is addressed by coordinating Fe in a highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon support (≈3295 m2 g−1), prepared by pyrolysis of inexpensive 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine and a Mg2+ salt active site template and porogen. Upon Fe coordination, a high electrochemical active site density of 2.54 × 1019 sites gFeNC−1 and a record 52% FeNx electrochemical utilization based on in situ nitrite stripping are achieved. The Fe single atoms are characterized pre‐ and post‐electrochemical accelerated stress testing by aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, showing no Fe clustering. Moreover, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and low‐temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy suggest the presence of penta‐coordinated Fe sites, which are further studied by density functional theory calculations.
Butterfly‐Inspired Tri‐State Photonic Crystal Composite Film for Multilevel Information Encryption and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Huang Hanwen , Li Huateng , Yin Jiamiao , Gu Kai , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCounterfeiting is a worldwide issue and has long troubled legitimate businesses, while nowadays anti‐counterfeiting materials and technology are still insufficient to combat the escalating counterfeit behaviors. Inspired by hindwing structure of Troides magellanus, a new kind of anti‐counterfeiting material taking advantage of both physical and chemical structures to display multiple optical states is prepared. The chemical units (luminescent lanthanide) are blended with physical units (monodispersed colloidal particles) and mediating molecules, which are then assembled into a photonic crystal structure at room temperature in less than 10 s through a new assembly technique called molecule‐mediated shear‐induced assembly technique (MSAT). The as‐prepared photonic crystal films feature three unique optical states, each displaying structural, fluorescent, and phosphorescent color under different lighting conditions, which integrates colors from both physical and chemical origins. Furthermore, by incorporating different luminescent materials into different parts of the photonic crystal pattern, a high‐level information encryption system is designed to be capable of carrying three distinct types of information. Thanks to this powerful tool of MSAT, it is now possible to assemble different‐sized, even irregular non‐spherical units with monodispersed spherical units into high‐quality photonic crystal films, which provides easy access to incorporating new features into photonic crystal systems.
Dynamic and Reversible Decoration of DNA‐Based Scaffolds
Authors: Farag Nada , Đorđević Milan , Del Grosso Erica , Ricci Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn approach to achieving dynamic and reversible decoration of DNA‐based scaffolds is demonstrated here. To do this, rationally engineered DNA tiles containing enzyme‐responsive strands covalently conjugated to different molecular labels are employed. These strands are designed to be recognized and degraded by specific enzymes (i.e., Ribonuclease H, RNase H, or Uracil DNA Glycosylase, UDG) inducing their spontaneous de‐hybridization from the assembled tile and replacement by a new strand conjugated to a different label. Multiple enzyme‐responsive strands that specifically respond to different enzymes allow for dynamic, orthogonal, and reversible decoration of the DNA structures. As a proof‐of‐principle of the strategy, the possibility to orthogonally control the distribution of different labels (i.e., fluorophores and small molecules) on the same scaffold without crosstalk is demonstrated. By doing so, DNA scaffolds that display different antibody recognition patterns are obtained. The approach offers the possibility to control the decoration of higher‐order supramolecular assemblies (including origami) with several functional moieties to achieve functional biomaterials with improved adaptability, precision, and sensing capabilities.
Hexaindium Heptasulfide/Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Carbon Hollow Microspindles with Ultrahigh‐Rate Sodium Storage through Stable Conversion and Alloying Reactions
Authors: Zhu Chunyan , Yu Weiqing , Zhang Shuxian , Chen Jianchao , Liu Qingyuan , Li Qingyu , Wang Shijie , Hua Minghao , Lin Xiaohang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGroup IIIA–VA metal sulfides (GMSs) have attracted increasing attention because of their unique Na‐storage mechanisms through combined conversion and alloying reactions, thus delivering large theoretical capacities and low working potentials. However, Na+ diffusion within GMSs anodes leads to severe volume change, generally representing a fundamental limitation to rate capability and cycling stability. Here, monodispersed In6S7/nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon hollow microspindles (In6S7/NSC HMS) are produced by morphology‐preserved thermal sulfurization of spindle‐like and porous indium‐based metal organic frameworks. The resulting In6S7/NSC HMS anode exhibits theoretical‐value‐close specific capacity (546.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), ultrahigh rate capability (267.5 mAh g−1 at 30.0 A g−1), high initial coulombic efficiency (≈93.5%), and ≈92.6% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. This kinetically favored In6S7/NSC HMS anode fills up the kinetics gap with a capacitive porous carbon cathode, enabling a sodium‐ion capacitor to deliver an ultrahigh energy density of 136.3 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 47.5 kW kg−1. The in situ/ex situ analytical techniques and theoretical calculation both show that the robust and fast Na+ charge storage of In6S7/NSC HMS arises from the multi‐electron redox mechanism, buffered volume expansion, negligible morphological change, and surface‐controlled solid‐state Na+ transport.
A Nonswelling Hydrogel with Regenerable High Wet Tissue Adhesion for Bioelectronics
Authors: Tian Gongwei , Yang Dan , Liang Cuiyuan , Liu Yan , Chen Jianhui , Zhao Qinyi , Tang Shuanglong , Huang Jianping , Xu Ping , Liu Zhiyuan , Qi Dianpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReducing the swelling of tissue‐adhesive hydrogels is crucial for maintaining stable tissue adhesion and inhibiting tissue inflammation. However, reported strategies for reducing swelling always result in a simultaneous decrease in the tissue adhesive strength of the hydrogel. Furthermore, once the covalent bonds break in the currently reported hydrogels, they cannot be rebuilt, and the hydrogel loses its tissue adhesive ability. In this work, a nonswelling hydrogel (named as “PAACP”) possessing regenerable high tissue adhesion is synthesized by copolymerizing and crosslinking poly(vinyl butyral) with acrylic acid, gelatin, and chitosan‐grafted N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. The tissue adhesive strength of the obtained PAACP reaches 211.4 kPa, which is approximately ten times higher than that of the reported nonswelling hydrogels, and the hydrogel can be reused for multiple cycles. The as‐prepared hydrogel shows great potential in soft bioelectronics, as muscle fatigue is successfully monitored via the electrode array and strain sensor integrated on PAACP substrates. The success of these bioelectronics offers potential applicability in the long‐term diagnosis of muscle‐related health conditions and prosthetic manipulations.
Therapeutic DNAzymes: From Structure Design to Clinical Applications
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Ran Meixin , Shen Xian , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTherapeutic DNAzymes have unceasingly intrigued the scientific community owing to their prosperous gene regulation capability. The efficacy of DNAzymes against many types of diseases has been extensively studied for over two decades. However, the high expectations for DNAzymes are still not translated to the clinic because of their low effectiveness in vivo. Over the last five years, several aspects have been considered to optimize DNAzyme‐integrated therapeutics, including structural stability, mechanism exploration, cell internalization rate, cofactor activation, and off‐target effects. Hence, this review first discusses the early monotherapy and structural design of DNAzymes. Subsequently, the latest modes of action are reviewed, followed by an elaboration on structural stabilization strategies considering the catalytic core and substrate‐binding arms. DNAzyme‐based synergistic therapy is then examined, highlighting responsive carrier construction, synergistic effects, the latest discovered advanced functions, and off‐target concerns. Beyond this, key clinical advances in DNAzyme‐based therapy are elucidated by showcasing clinical progress. Finally, future trends and development challenges for DNAzyme‐powered therapeutics in the coming years are discussed in detail.
Reliability Improvement from La2O3 Interfaces in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐Based Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Mehmood Furqan , Alcala Ruben , Vishnumurthy Pramoda , Xu Bohan , Sachdeva Ridham , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFurther optimization of a typically reported ferroelectric capacitor comprised of a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric thin film with TiN electrodes is explored by introducing an additional non‐ferroelectric La2O3 interfacial layer evaluated at different positions in the capacitor stack. The role of the interface to the ferroelectric layer is investigated and discussed, with the main focus directed toward the reliability of the device for non‐volatile memory applications. With this investigation, different degradation mechanisms determining electric field cycling and polarization retention are observed, and it is concluded that modifying the bottom interface between the electrode and the ferroelectric layer has the best potential to provide a benefit in device performance.
Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells—Silicon Bottom Cell Types and Characterization Methods
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Ji Su Geun , Yoon Young Seon , Park Min‐Ah , Lee Sun Hwa , Kim Ki Hong , Kim Jin Young 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a more efficient alternative to the crystalline Si (c‐Si) cell whose performance is approaching its theoretical limit, perovskite (PVSK)/Si tandem solar cells (TSCs) are attracting attention from academia and industry. The tandem device, which can benefit from the maturity of the c‐Si cells and the high performance of the PVSK solar cell, has undergone tremendous development. The expectation for its commercialization is increasing as the device shows conversion efficiencies surpassing those of single‐junction solar cells. In this perspective article, the recent progress of the PVSK/Si TSC is summarized from a viewpoint balanced between academia and industry, by regrouping reported devices depending on the types of Si bottom cells: passivated emitter rear contact, heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer, and polysilicon‐passivated contact. In addition, opto‐electronic characterization methods of the PVSK/Si TSCs are reviewed, which can provide an in‐depth analysis of the subcells that can facilitate the development.
Advancements in Electronic Materials and Devices for Stretchable Displays
Authors: Lee Yeongjun , Cho Hyeon , Yoon Hyungsoo , Kang Hyunbum , Yoo Hyunjun , Zhou Huanyu , Jeong Sujin , Lee Gae Hwang , Kim Geonhee , Go Gyeong‐Tak , Seo Jiseok , Lee Tae‐Woo , Hong Yongtaek , Yun Youngjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA stretchable display would be the ultimate form factor for the next generation of displays beyond the curved and foldable configurations that have enabled the commercialization of deformable electronic applications. However, because conventional active devices are very brittle and vulnerable to mechanical deformation, appropriate strategies must be developed from the material and structural points of view to achieve the desired mechanical stretchability without compromising electrical properties. In this regard, remarkable findings and achievements in stretchable active materials, geometrical designs, and integration enabling technologies for various types of stretchable electronic elements have been actively reported. This review covers the recent developments in advanced materials and feasible strategies for the realization of stretchable electronic devices for stretchable displays. In particular, representative strain‐engineering technologies for stretchable substrates, electrodes, and active devices are introduced. Various state‐of‐the‐art stretchable active devices such as thin‐film transistors and electroluminescent devices that consist of stretchable matrix displays are also presented. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for stretchable active displays are discussed.
Wireless and Flexible Optoelectronic System for In Situ Monitoring of Vaginal pH Using a Bioresorbable Fluorescence Sensor
Authors: Paghi Alessandro , Corsi Martina , La Mattina Antonino A. , Egri Gabriella , Dähne Lars , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, a miniaturized wireless sensing vaginal ring for the in situ continuous monitoring of vaginal pH and real‐time transmission of the pH data to a smartphone is reported, aimed at the diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis, a common condition frequently and adversely affecting women. The sensing vaginal ring consists of a bioresorbable pH fluorescence sensor placed on top of a polydimethylsiloxane ring encapsulating a miniaturized driving/readout optoelectronic circuit, data acquisition system, wireless transceiver, and power supply. The pH sensor consists of a micrometer‐thick porous silica scaffold conformably coated with a nanometer‐thick polymer multilayer stack and is intended to be replaced after 4 days. The sensor fully dissolves in biocompatible by‐products eliminating waste management issues; conversely, the ring embedding the circuit is reusable with new sensors. The pH sensor, as well as the sensing vaginal ring, show excellent performance in the continuous measurement of pH in vaginal fluid and can monitor the pH level over the physio‐pathological range of 3–7.5 with high linearity, accuracy, and reliability, transmitting the data to a smartphone in real time. The proposed technology can be immediately translated to other diseases, among which wound healing, intragastric activity, and cancer progression, where continuous monitoring of pH is required, as well as to other markers/analytes by engineering the polymer stack with suitable receptors, such as aptamers and other molecular probes.