bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Scanning Second‐Harmonic‐Generation Microscopy for Polar Materials
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Tan Yangchun , Dong Yangda , Dai Liyufen , Ren Chuanlai , Zhang Fengyuan , Zeng Lingping , An Feng , Li Changjian , Huang Boyuan , Zhong Gaokuo , Li Jiangyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Materials Genome Initiative aims to discover, develop, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials at twice the speed of conventional approaches. To achieve this, high‐throughput characterization is essential for the rapid screening of candidate materials. In this study, a high‐throughput scanning second‐harmonic‐generation microscope with automatic partitioning, accurate positioning, and fast scanning is developed that can rapidly probe and screen polar materials. Using this technique, typical ferroelectrics, including periodically poled lithium niobate crystals and PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) thin films are first investigated, whereby the microscopic domain structures are clearly revealed. This technique is then applied to a compositional‐gradient (100−x)%BaTiO3−x%SrTiO3 film and a thickness‐gradient PZT film to demonstrate its high‐throughput capabilities. Since the second‐harmonic‐generation signal is correlated with the macroscopic remnant polarization over the probed region determined by the laser spot, it is free of artifacts arising from leakage current and electrostatic interference, while materials’ symmetries and domain structures must be carefully considered in the data analysis. It is believed that this work can help promote the high‐throughput development of polar materials and contribute to the Materials Genome Initiative.
Impairing Tumor Metabolic Plasticity via a Stable Metal‐Phenolic‐Based Polymeric Nanomedicine to Suppress Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Duan Zhenyu , Chen Xiaoting , Pan Dayi , Luo Qiang , Gu Lei , Xu Gang , Li Yinggang , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Chen Rongjun , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTargeting metabolic vulnerability of tumor cells is a promising anticancer strategy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of existing metabolism‐regulating agents is often compromised due to tolerance resulting from tumor metabolic plasticity, as well as their poor bioavailability and tumor‐targetability. Inspired by the inhibitive effect of N‐ethylmaleimide on the mitochondrial function, a dendronized‐polymer‐functionalized metal‐phenolic nanomedicine (pOEG‐b‐D‐SH@NP) encapsulating maleimide‐modified doxorubicin (Mal‐DOX) is developed to enable improvement in the overall delivery efficiency and inhibition of the tumor metabolism via multiple pathways. It is observed that Mal‐DOX and its derived nanomedicine induces energy depletion of CT26 colorectal cancer cells more efficiently than doxorubicin, and shifts the balance of programmed cell death from apoptosis toward necroptosis. Notably, pOEG‐b‐D‐SH@NP simultaneously inhibits cellular oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, thus potently suppressing cancer growth and peritoneal intestinal metastasis in mouse models. Overall, the study provides a promising dendronized‐polymer‐derived nanoplatform for the treatment of cancers through impairing metabolic plasticity.
An overview of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FRP laminates with hole/cutout
Authors: Gupta Savita , Pal Snehanshu , Ray Bankim Chandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAerospace and aircraft companies follow a pyramidal structure of testing, ranging from specimen tests to full‐scale structure tests, for aircraft structural design. At the base level, open hole strength evaluation is one of the qualification procedures for composite components. The holes are made in the structural components to accommodate bolts and rivets in order to assemble the parts into a single unit. Holes in the component are also used to fulfill functional requirements, such as the passage of wire bundles. FRP components are sensitive to these holes/cutouts as substantial decrement in the strength is observed in several experiments. The degradation in the strength of the component is due to stress concentration around the hole. This review aims to comprehend the effect of the hole on the mechanical properties of FRP laminates; the emphasis is mainly on CFRP laminates and experimental results. An overview of tensile, compressive, flexural and post buckling properties of laminates with the hole is presented to aid in the optimal design of the component. Finally, the failure mechanism during loading is discussed and described through a graphical presentation.
The rise of ChatGPT: Exploring its potential in medical education
Authors: Lee Hyunsu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education has the potential to revolutionize the way students learn about biomedical sciences. Large language models, such as ChatGPT, can serve as virtual teaching assistants, providing students with detailed and relevant information and perhaps eventually interactive simulations. ChatGPT has the potential to increase student engagement and enhance student learning, though research is needed to confirm this. The challenges and limitations of ChatGPT must also be considered, including ethical issues and potentially harmful effects. It is crucial for medical educators to keep pace with technology's rapidly changing landscape and consider the implications for curriculum design, assessment strategies, and teaching methods. Continued research and evaluation are necessary to ensure the optimal integration of AI‐based learning tools into medical education.
Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Yadav Gaurav , Ahmaruzzaman Md 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC) catalysts have specific surface characteristics owing to the presence of two types of functional groups: SO3H (sulfonic) and oxygen‐containing functional groups (COOH and OH groups). Oxygen‐containing functional groups provide a synergistic effect to the sulfonic group, resulting in a high total acid density and enhanced catalytic activity of SPAC. Owing to the high acid density, SPAC catalysts are used for various applications such as organic transformations, electrocatalysis and water treatment. The natural abundance of raw materials, easy processing for catalyst fabrication, excellent catalytic performance and high thermal and chemical stability make SPAC cost‐effective and environmentally benign. Biomass‐derived heterogeneous catalysts possess unique surface characteristics, high reusability and low cost owing to their easy accessibility, along with various environmental benefits. This review demonstrates biodiesel production using oleic acid as a feedstock material catalyzed by biomass‐derived SPAC catalysts. Additionally, various parameters such as catalyst synthetic parameters, esterification reaction parameters, the esterification reaction mechanism and catalytic stability, which affect the catalytic performance and esterification efficacy, are discussed. Finally, the future scope for developing novel SPAC catalysts has been demonstrated for young researchers in this field. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Slow‐release fertilizers using lignin: Challenges and future prospects
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Næss Geir , Sørensen Mette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLignin is an integral part of the plant cell wall and is the largest single source of aromatic carbon in the world, which makes it suitable for the production of feed, chemicals, fuels, and biomaterials. Total lignin production is greater than 50 million tons per annum; however, currently, less than 5% of the lignin is being valorized, and 95% is burnt to create steam and power. Burning aromatic carbons produces heat and power, making them low‐value materials. However, the macromolecules of lignin can be modified to use for several industrial applications, such as surfactants, paints, hydrogel, absorbents, and fertilizer. In this review, we provide a systematic and comprehensive summary of the last 10 years of the development of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) from lignin, which is a renewable material. Lignin‐based CRFs are green, environment friendly, and are considered efficient for agricultural use in place of urea and diammonium phosphate. Coating the fertilizer with lignin could increase fertilizer's 20–30 times slower release vis‐à‐vis uncoated fertilizer. However, the structure of lignin varies from one process to another process; it is therefore highly dependent upon the fractionation process and pulping methodologies adopted. A high degree of heterogeneity, complex structure, and low reactivity of the lignin results in an uneven coating, large surface porosity, and cracks in the coatings. The similarity of the lignin can be improved by chemical modifications in its molecule; however, any chemical processing increases the cost of slow‐release fertilizer. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Association of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on severity of optic nerve hypoplasia
Authors: Situ Betty A. , Borchert Mark S. , Brown Brianne , Garcia‐Filion Pamela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOptic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a birth defect of unknown etiology and a leading cause of visual impairment in developed countries. Recent studies suggest that factors of deprivation and exposures of poor nutritional status, such as lower gestational weight gain (GWG), may be associated with increased risk of ONH. The present study describes the prenatal features of mothers of ONH cases, including prepregnancy BMI and GWG, and the associations with clinical features of disease severity.MethodsRetrospective study of prenatal records for cases of ONH enrolled in a research registry. Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were compared to maternal characteristics and clinical findings of ONH severity including bilaterality, hypopituitarism, and neuroradiographic abnormalities.ResultsCompared to population‐based normative data of births in the United States, mothers of ONH cases (n = 55) were younger (23.3 vs. 25.8 years; p = 0.03), with higher incidence of inadequate GWG (34.0% vs. 20.4%; p = 0.03) predominantly in the first and second trimesters. The presence of major brain malformations was associated with younger maternal age (21.6 [IQR 19.4, 24.7] vs. 24.9 years [IQR 22.1, 28.5] [p = 0.02]), primiparity (44.1% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.05) and decreased prepregnancy BMI (20.9 kg/m2 [19, 22.5] vs. 25.5 kg/m2 [21.3, 28.2]; p < 0.01).ConclusionDecreased prepregnancy BMI and inadequate GWG correlated with clinical features of ONH severity, specifically bilateral disease and presence of major brain malformations.
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in Japanese patients with triple‐negative breast cancer: Results from KEYNOTE‐355
Authors: Hattori Masaya , Masuda Norikazu , Takano Toshimi , Tsugawa Koichiro , Inoue Kenichi , Matsumoto Koji , Ishikawa Takashi , Itoh Mitsuya , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Tanabe Yuko , Yamamoto Keiko , Suzuki Masato , Pan Wilbur , Cortes Javier , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPembrolizumab plus chemotherapy improved progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer with tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 in the global, phase 3, randomized controlled trial KEYNOTE‐355. We report results for patients enrolled in Japan. Patients were randomized 2:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W for 35 cycles plus chemotherapy (nab‐paclitaxel, paclitaxel, or gemcitabine–carboplatin). Primary endpoints were PFS per RECIST version 1.1 by blinded independent central review and OS in patients with PD‐L1 CPS ≥10, PD‐L1 CPS ≥1, and the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. No alpha was assigned to this exploratory analysis. Eighty‐seven patients were randomized in Japan (pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, n = 61; placebo plus chemotherapy, n = 26), 66 (76%) had PD‐L1 CPS ≥1, and 28 (32%) had PD‐L1 CPS ≥10. Median time from randomization to data cutoff (June 15, 2021) was 44.7 (range, 37.2–52.9) months in the ITT population. Hazard ratios (HRs; 95% CI) for OS were 0.36 (0.14–0.89), 0.52 (0.30–0.91), and 0.46 (0.28–0.77) in the PD‐L1 CPS ≥10, PD‐L1 CPS ≥1, and ITT populations, respectively. HRs (95% CI) for PFS were 0.52 (0.20–1.34), 0.61 (0.35–1.06), and 0.64 (0.39–1.05). Grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 85% of patients in each group (no grade 5 events). Consistent with the global population, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy tended to show improvements in OS and PFS with manageable toxicity versus placebo plus chemotherapy in Japanese patients and supports this combination in this setting.
Correctional treatment as an economically sound approach to reducing the high costs of recidivism: A review of the research
Authors: Zane Steven N. , Pupo Jhon A. , Welsh Brandon C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrior research indicates that correctional treatment programmes can be highly effective in reducing reoffending. Less studied, however, is whether such programmes are economically efficient.AimsTo review the research literature on the economic efficiency of correctional treatment programmes.MethodsA review of cost–benefit analyses of correctional treatment programmes from 2004 to the present was carried out. To be included in the review, studies must have attempted to measure monetary costs and benefits of correctional treatment programmes and be based on experimental or quasi‐experimental evaluations.ResultsA total of 22 cost–benefit studies of correctional treatment programmes met the criteria for inclusion in the review, 19 of which estimated (or allowed estimation of) benefit‐to‐cost ratios. All 19 studies yielded a favourable benefit‐to‐cost ratio.ConclusionsCorrectional treatment programmes appear to be economically efficient, with the monetary benefits produced by such programmes substantially exceeding their monetary costs. This finding appears to hold across a variety of different intervention types, and offers policy‐makers and practitioners ample evidence in favour of providing additional resources for correctional treatment programmes.
Preparation and promising optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskite patterned structures: A review
Authors: Lan Shangui , Pan Baojun , Liu Ying , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhang Lijie , Yu Bin , Fang Yanjun , Wang Peijian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskites have received considerable attention from researchers over the past several years due to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties, because of which they can be a versatile platform for fundamental science research and applications. Patterned structures based on lead halide perovskites have much more novel properties compared with their more commonly seen bulk‐, micro‐, and nano‐crystals, such as improvement in antireflection, light‐scattering effects, and light absorption, as a result of their adjustability of spatial distributions. However, there are many challenges yet to be resolved in this field, such as insufficient patterned resolution, imperfect crystal quality, complicated preparation process, and so on. To pave the way to solve these problems, we provide a systematic presentation of current methods for fabricating lead halide perovskite patterned structures, including thermal imprint, use of etching films, two‐step vapor‐phase growth, template‐confined solution growth, and seed‐assisted growth. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elaborated in detail. In addition, thanks to the extraordinary properties of lead halide perovskite patterned structures, a variety of potential applications in optics and optoelectronics of these structures are described. Lastly, we put forward existing challenges and prospects in this exciting field.
Molecular allergy diagnosis is sensitive and avoids misdiagnosis in patients sensitized to seasonal allergens
Authors: Koch Lukas , Laipold Karin , Arzt‐Gradwohl Lisa , Sturm Eva Maria , Aberer Werner , Aumayr Martina , Hemmer Wolfgang , Čerpes Urban , Sturm Gunter J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe specificity of extract‐based pollen allergy diagnosis is decreased due to cross‐reactivity via cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) or panallergens such as profilins or polcalcins. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of sensitization to seasonal extracts, CCDs, profilin and polcalcin and investigate the sensitivity and specificity of seasonal molecular allergy diagnosis (MAD) using commercially available test methods.Methods2948 patients were screened for specific immunoglobulin E to ash, birch, mugwort, ragweed and timothy grass pollen extracts and grouped according to the number of positive tests (1–5). 100 patients from each group and a control group were randomly selected to calculate the prevalence of CCD and panallergen sensitization. With 742 patients, sensitivity and specificity of MAD (Alt a 1, Fra/Ole e 1, Bet v 1, Phl p 1, Art v 1, and Amb a 1) was determined.Results1627 patients (55.2%) were positive to at least one, and 1002 patients (34.0%) were positive to multiple of the five pollen allergens investigated; 18.5% of the pollen‐sensitized patients had sensitization to CCDs or panallergens. Specifically, sensitization to CCDs, profilins, and polcalcins was observed in 8.7%, 10.9%, and 2.9% of these patients, respectively. The sensitivity of MAD was high, with sensitivities between 96.2% and 100% using ImmunoCAP and 91.5% and 100% using ALEX2. Specificity was 100% for both assays.ConclusionsDue to cross‐reactivity, about one‐fifth of pollen‐sensitized patients is at risk of misdiagnosis. However, MAD is sensitive, specific and helps to avoid misdiagnosis and select primary allergen sources for immunotherapy.
Association between altered metabolism and genetic mutations in human glioma
Authors: Pearl Hannah , Fleischer Candace C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolecular markers for classification of gliomas include isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q). While mutations in IDH enzymes result in the well‐characterized production of oncometabolite 2‐hydroxyglutarate, dysregulation of other metabolites in IDH tumors is less characterized. Similarly, the effects of 1p/19q codeletion on cellular metabolism are also unclear.AimThis study aimed to quantify changes in tumor metabolites in human glioma tissue as a function of both IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion.Methods and ResultsDeidentified human glioma tissue and associated clinical data were obtained from the Emory University Winship Cancer Institute tissue biobank from 14 patients (WHO grades II, III, and IV; seven female and seven male). Proton (1H) high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data were acquired using a 600 MHz Bruker AVANCE III NMR spectrometer. Metabolite concentrations were calculated using LCModel. Differences in metabolite concentrations as a function of IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, and survival status were determined using Mann–Whitney U tests. Concentrations of alanine, glutamine, and glutamate were significantly lower in glioma tissue with IDH mutations compared to tissue with IDH wildtype. Additionally, glutamate concentration was significantly lower in glioma tissue with 1p/19q codeletion compared to intact 1p/19q. Exploratory analysis revealed alanine concentration varied significantly as a function of survival status.ConclusionsGiven the emerging landscape of glioma treatments that target metabolic dysregulation, an improved understanding of altered metabolism in molecular sub‐types of gliomas, including those with IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion, is an important consideration for treatment stratification and personalized medicine.
Board diversity and corporate social performance in family firms. The moderating effect of the institutional and business environment
Authors: Gavana Giovanna , Gottardo Pietro , Moisello Anna Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyze the effect of structural and demographic board diversity on family firms' corporate social performance (CSP), taking into account certain institutional and business environment aspects. The sample consists of French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese nonfinancial listed firms over the period 2014–2021. We compare family and nonfamily firms before focusing on family businesses. Findings show that CSP benefits from having female directors in family firms whilst independent directors increase CSP in nonfamily businesses. Family directors exert a negative effect on CSP in family firms. The enforcement of law makes the positive influence of board independence significant for family firms and of nondual CEOs for nonfamily companies. Within family firms, the negative effect of family directors is strengthened by the enforcement of law but lowered by the efficiency of the judicial system. Hostile business environment always lowers CSP and reduces female directors' positive influence for family firms.
Gastric squamous metaplasia observed by image‐enhanced endoscopy
Authors: Iwata Eri , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Akimoto Yoshika , Hamada Mariko , Niikura Ryota , Nagata Naoyoshi , Itoi Takao , Kawai Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 61‐year‐old Helicobacter pylori‐positive female with gastroesophageal reflux disease has undergone surveillance endoscopy every year for 13 years at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. At the first surveillance in 2009, conventional white light endoscopy showed a 10‐mm whitish slightly depressed lesion at the lesser curvature of the gastric cardia. This lesion gradually increased in size to 15 mm over the 13‐year observational period. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy, narrow band imaging, and texture and color enhancement imaging in both mode 1 and mode 2 clearly emphasized the presence of a depressed whitish mucosa around the gastric mucosa compared with white light imaging. None of the three image‐enhanced endoscopy techniques showed any abnormality in the vascular or structural pattern. Pathological findings showed squamous epithelium without atypia and revealed no evidence of malignancy in the stomach. We thus report a case of gastric squamous metaplasia without gastric neoplastic lesion in the gastric cardia whose lesions were endoscopically observed to change the size for more than 10 years and whose lesions were endoscopically evaluated with a texture and color enhancement imaging mode 1 and mode 2 and narrow band imaging.
The effect of time of eating on cardiometabolic risk in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Billingsley Hayley E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContinuous energy restriction is currently considered the first‐line dietary therapy for weight loss in individuals with obesity. Recently, interventions which alter the eating window and time of eating occasions have been explored as means to achieve weight loss and other cardiometabolic improvements such as a reduction in blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids and inflammation. It is unknown, however, whether these changes result from unintentional energy restriction or from other mechanisms such as the alignment of nutrient intake with the internal circadian clock. Even less is known regarding the safety and efficacy of these interventions in individuals with established chronic noncommunicable disease states, such as cardiovascular disease. This review examines the effects of interventions which alter both eating window and time of eating occasions on weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors in both healthy participants and those with established cardiovascular disease. We then summarise the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study.