bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing and testing anomaly detection for finding prostate cancer in spatially registered multi-parametric MRI
Authors: Mayer Rulon , Turkbey Baris , Choyke Peter , Simone Charles B. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundEvaluating and displaying prostate cancer through non-invasive imagery such as Multi-Parametric MRI (MP-MRI) bolsters management of patients. Recent research quantitatively applied supervised target algorithms using vectoral tumor signatures to spatially registered T1, T2, Diffusion, and Dynamic Contrast Enhancement images. This is the first study to apply the Reed-Xiaoli (RX) multi-spectral anomaly detector (unsupervised target detector) to prostate cancer, which searches for voxels that depart from the background normal tissue, and detects aberrant voxels, presumably tumors.MethodsMP-MRI (T1, T2, diffusion, dynamic contrast-enhanced images, or seven components) were prospectively collected from 26 patients and then resized, translated, and stitched to form spatially registered multi-parametric cubes. The covariance matrix (CM) and mean μ were computed from background normal tissue. For RX, noise was reduced for the CM by filtering out principal components (PC), regularization, and elliptical envelope minimization. The RX images were compared to images derived from the threshold Adaptive Cosine Estimator (ACE) and quantitative color analysis. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used for RX and reference images. To quantitatively assess algorithm performance, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and the Youden Index (YI) points for the ROC curves were computed.ResultsThe patient average for the AUC and [YI] from ROC curves for RX from filtering 3 and 4 PC was 0.734[0.706] and 0.727[0.703], respectively, relative to the ACE images. The AUC[YI] for RX from modified Regularization was 0.638[0.639], Regularization 0.716[0.690], elliptical envelope minimization 0.544[0.597], and unprocessed CM 0.581[0.608] using the ACE images as Reference Image. The AUC[YI] for RX from filtering 3 and 4 PC was 0.742[0.711] and 0.740[0.708], respectively, relative to the quantitative color images. The AUC[YI] for RX from modified Regularization was 0.643[0.648], Regularization 0.722[0.695], elliptical envelope minimization 0.508[0.605], and unprocessed CM 0.569[0.615] using the color images as Reference Image. All standard errors were less than 0.020.ConclusionsThis first study of spatially registered MP-MRI applied anomaly detection using RX, an unsupervised target detection algorithm for prostate cancer. For RX, filtering out PC and applying Regularization achieved higher AUC and YI using ACE and color images as references than unprocessed CM, modified Regularization, and elliptical envelope minimization.
Effectiveness and safety of anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combination therapy in Chinese advanced gastric cancer: A real-world study
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Tingting , Zhao Lei , Liu Lu , Zheng Xuan , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Fan , Hu Yi 
Published: January 2023

PurposeGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide, especially in eastern Asia and China. Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, have been approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC). Our study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of anti-PD-1-based treatment (monotherapy or combination therapy) in Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic GC/GEJCs in a real-world setting.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, and 54 patients from May 31, 2015, to May 31, 2021, were included in our analysis, including 19 patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy and 35 patients treated with anti-PD-1 combination therapy. Demographic and clinical information were evaluated. Clinical response, survival outcomes, and safety profile were measured and analyzed.ResultsOverall, the median overall survival (mOS) was 11.10 months (95% CI, 7.05–15.15), and the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 3.93 months (95% CI, 2.47–5.39). Of the patients, 16.7% achieved a clinical response, and 72.2% achieved disease control. Prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and increased clinical response were observed in the combination group compared with the monotherapy group, although statistical significance was not reached. In subgroups with live metastases or elevated baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels, combination therapy outperformed anti-PD-1 alone in survival outcomes. Patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 5, 26.3%) had fewer treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) than those in the combination group (n = 22, 62.9%). There were also fewer patients with TRAEs of grades 3–5 with monotherapy (n = 2, 10.5%) than with combination therapy (n = 7, 20.0%). Pneumonitis in three patients was the only potential immune-related adverse event reported.ConclusionsAnti-PD-1-based monotherapy and combination therapy showed favorable survival outcomes and manageable safety profiles in advanced or metastatic GC/GEJCs. In clinical treatment, immunotherapy should be an indispensable choice in the treatment strategy for GC/GEJC. Patients with a heavy tumor burden and more metastatic sites might benefit more from combination therapy. Elderly patients and patients with more treatment lines or high Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scores might be more suitable for immune monotherapy, and some clinical benefits have been observed.
Re-irradiation of recurrent vertebral metastasis after two previous spinal cord irradiation: A case report
Authors: Bentahila Rita , Kinj Rémy , Huck Constance , El Houat Yasmine , Mampuya Ange , Tuleasca Constantin , Ozsahin Mahmut , Bourhis Jean , Schiappacasse Luis 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundManagement of a recurrent vertebral metastasis in a situation of previously irradiated spinal cord is a challenging clinical dilemma.Case presentationWe report a first case of second retreatment of a spinal metastasis initially irradiated with standard radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), who subsequently progressed with imaging-confirmed local tumor progression at the same level. After a third course of irradiation with SBRT, a complete response was achieved. After 8 months of follow-up, the patients remain free of local recurrence.ConclusionA third course of vertebral irradiation for a recurrent vertebral metastasis failing to two previous irradiations, in this particular case, have shown the feasibility and efficacy of the technique as a salvage treatment option. This approach could be used in a selected group of patient if an adequate dose is delivered to the target while observing critical tissue tolerance limits.
Case Report: Serial changes of ocular complications related to immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab
Authors: Cho Wan-Hua , Chiang Wei-Yu 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundTo demonstrate the rare ocular side effects in a patient receiving pembrolizumab and nivolumab for metastatic ovarian cancer.Case presentationA 37-year-old woman with recurrent metastatic ovarian cancer presented with blurred vision and photophobia after receiving pembrolizumab. Ocular findings were bilateral anterior chamber reactions, iris cysts, and macular flecks. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ellipsoid-band disruption. Her symptoms subsided with topical steroids but fundal appearance persisted despite cessation of immunotherapies. Similar episodes attacked again with multiple exudative subretinal fluid (SRF) developed after she received pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Steroids could cease anterior chamber reactions while SRF only subsided after discontinuation of immunotherapy. Extensive RPE and ellipsoid-band disruption remained without vision improvements.ConclusionsWe report a rare case of uveitis and retinopathy after immunotherapies with sequent pembrolizumab and nivolumab. A serial change of the maculopathy is demonstrated. Possible ocular toxicities during the treatment course should be considered, and the benefits of continuing the immunotherapy must be weighed against the risks.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the PedsQL™ stem cell transplant module in China: A methodological and cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Yuting , Zhang Heng , Qian Xiaowen , Xue Yao , Rong Liucheng , Wang Yaping , Jiang Wenjin , Lin Rufeng , Lu Shifeng , Zhai Xiaowen , Fang Yongjun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as a mature technology, has significantly improved the survival rate of children. However, there lack efficient scales to assess the quality of life (QoL) of children with HSCT in China, which has important implications in the care of this population. This study aimed to translate the original English Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Stem Cell Transplant Module into a Chinese mandarin version, and evaluate its reliability.MethodsChildren of ages 2–18 years who had received HSCT at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Children's Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Children or their parents were asked to fill the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, PedsQL™ Stem Cell Transplant Module, and PedsQL™ Family Information Form. Feasibility was evaluated by completion rate and the percentage of missing items, reliability by the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and validity by factor analysis and correlation analysis between the scores of total scale and each dimension.ResultsA total of 120 children (mean age 6.37, SD = 3.674) and some parents were included. A low percentage of items were missed in returned reports. Cronbach's alpha coefficient reached 0.70 in the majority of dimensions of both child self-report and parent proxy-report. Test-retest reliability was 0.685 in parents' forms and 0.765 in child's forms. Eight factors were extracted, with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.54%. The correlation between PedsQL™ 4.0 and Transplant Module was 0.748 for children self-report and 0.808 for parent proxy-report.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the Chinese mandarin version of the PedsQL™ Stem Cell Transplant is feasible, reliable and valid in evaluating the QoL of Chinese children after HSCT.
The impact of heat therapy on neuromuscular function and muscle atrophy in diabetic rats
Authors: AlSabagh Abdullah T. , Rao Muddanna S. , Renno Waleed M. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide and is associated with many systemic complications. Muscle atrophy is one of the significant complications in DM patients, making routine tasks laborious as atrophy continues. It is known that heat stress stimulates heat shock proteins and other proteins that maintain muscle mass; however, it is not thoroughly studied in diabetic conditions. This study addressed whether heat therapy can attenuate muscle atrophy in STZ-induced diabetic rats and explored its mechanism of action on specific muscle proteins.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (6 weeks) experiments. In each experiment rats were divided into control, heat therapy, diabetic and diabetic + heat therapy groups. Rats in heat therapy groups were exposed to heat therapy for 30 min daily for three or six weeks in a temperature-controlled (42°C) chamber.Results: The attenuation of neuromuscular functions assessed by Rotarod, Kondziella’s inverted screen, and extensor postural thrust tests showed that diabetic rats exposed to heat therapy performed significantly better than diabetic controls. Muscle cross sectional area data established that heat therapy reduced muscle atrophy by 34.3% within 3 weeks and 44.1% within 6 weeks in the diabetic groups. Further, heat therapy significantly decreased muscle atrophy markers (CD68, KLF, and MAFbx) and significantly elevated muscle hypertrophy markers (AKT, mTOR, and HSP70).Conclusions: This study shows the relevance and clinical significance of utilizing heat therapy as a viable treatment to attenuate muscle atrophy in diabetic patients.
Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions and putative candidate genes associated with leaf spot diseases in African groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm
Authors: Oteng-Frimpong Richard , Karikari Benjamin , Sie Emmanuel Kofi , Kassim Yussif Baba , Puozaa Doris Kanvenaa , Rasheed Masawudu Abdul , Fonceka Daniel , Okello David Kallule , Balota Maria , Burow Mark , Ozias-Akins Peggy 
Published: January 2023

Early leaf spot (ELS) and late leaf spot (LLS) diseases are the two most destructive groundnut diseases in Ghana resulting in ≤ 70% yield losses which is controlled largely by chemical method. To develop leaf spot resistant varieties, the present study was undertaken to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and putative candidate genes underlying both ELS and LLS. In this study, six multi-locus models of genome-wide association study were conducted with the best linear unbiased predictor obtained from 294 African groundnut germplasm screened for ELS and LLS as well as image-based indices of leaf spot diseases severity in 2020 and 2021 and 8,772 high-quality SNPs from a 48 K SNP array Axiom platform. Ninety-seven SNPs associated with ELS, LLS and five image-based indices across the chromosomes in the 2 two sub-genomes. From these, twenty-nine unique SNPs were detected by at least two models for one or more traits across 16 chromosomes with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 0.01 - 62.76%, with exception of chromosome (Chr) 08 (Chr08), Chr10, Chr11, and Chr19. Seventeen potential candidate genes were predicted at ± 300 kbp of the stable/prominent SNP positions (12 and 5, down- and upstream, respectively). The results from this study provide a basis for understanding the genetic architecture of ELS and LLS diseases in African groundnut germplasm, and the associated SNPs and predicted candidate genes would be valuable for breeding leaf spot diseases resistant varieties upon further validation.
The world is coming to an end! COVID-19, depression, and anxiety among adolescents in Malawi
Authors: Mmanga Chilungamo , Ndasauka Yamikani , Kainja Jimmy , Kondowe Fiskani , Mchenga Martina , Maliwichi Limbika , Nyamali Simunye 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis paper assessed the effects of Covid-19 on adolescent mental health in Malawi. There is minimal research on adolescent mental health in Africa, Malawi in particular. The study shows a link between the pandemic and mental health. Some factors that may have contributed to this link include; Covid-19 preventive measures, media exposure and the increase in unemployment.MethodsThe study used a mixed methods approach, quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted in Malawi's four districts (Blantyre, Mangochi, Lilongwe and Karonga).ResultsOverall 22%, 21%, and 23% of the respondents had depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively. The Chi-square test showed that significantly more adolescents with secondary education (28%) had anxiety than those with primary education (14%). Further, regression analysis revealed that adolescents with anxiety were 18 [95%CI: 9.34, 35.8] times more likely to have depression compared to those who did not have anxiety. The study found no significant differences in the proportions of adolescents with the three outcomes when comparing different groups within the explanatory variable. The ratio of female and male adolescents with depression and anxiety was the same.DiscussionThe adolescents expressed that Covid-19 affected their social, academic, and financial status. These effects had a significant bearing on their mental health in that they led to depression, anxiety, fear of the unknown, and stress. During the Covid-19 pandemic, adolescents' mental health diminished and posed a considerable risk to productivity of adolescents. As a result, adolescents may not fully realize their potential, form and maintain good relationships, contribute to their community and become resilient. These effects have devastating consequences for this young generation without proper coping strategies.
Escape from self: Stress increase consumers' preference for experiences over material possessions
Authors: Zhao Yurou , Jin Xiaotong , Zhao Taiyang , Li Jianan 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionConsidering the theory of self-escape, this research systematically investigates the effect of stress on consumers' preference for experiences vs. material possessions.MethodsWe conducted one survey and two experiments to demonstrate the effect of stress on individuals' relative preference for experiential vs. material consumption and its psychological mechanism.ResultsThe findings of the three studies revealed that stress increases consumers' preference for experiences over material possessions. Additionally, self-escape motivation plays a mediating role between stress and preference for experiential consumption (vs. material consumption). Stress as a self-threat triggers individuals' motivation to escape from negative self-concept, and experiences can help individuals temporarily escape from negative self-recognition and provide more leisure value than material possessions. Therefore, individuals increase their consumption preference for experiences. Furthermore, we observed that the type of experiences plays a moderating role between stress and preference for experiential consumption (vs. material consumption). Specifically, compared with low cognitive resource demanding experiences, the effect of stress on experiential consumption disappears when experiences have a high demand for cognitive resources.DiscussionThese findings extend the research on stress, experiential consumption and material consumption and provide significant advice for public mental health.
Analysis of Italian requests for compensation in cases of responsibility for healthcare-related infections: A retrospective study
Authors: Marrone Maricla , Caricato Pierluigi , Mele Federica , Leonardelli Mirko , Duma Stefano , Gorini Ettore , Stellacci Alessandra , Bavaro Davide Fiore , Diella Lucia , Saracino Annalisa , Dell'Erba Alessandro , Tafuri Silvio 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the type of compensation claims for alleged medical malpractice in the field of healthcare-related infections in Italy.MethodsIt was analyzed which was the most frequent clinical context, the characteristics of the disputes established, which were the alleged damages most often complained of, which were the possibly censurable behaviors of the health professionals, and which were the reasons for acceptance or rejection of the request for compensation.ResultsIn 90.2%, the issue questioned regarded surgical site infections. The most common pathogens involved were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (34.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%). The lack or non-adherence to protocols of prophylaxis and/or prevention of healthcare-related infections was the most reported cause of acceptance of the request of compensation.DiscussionAccording to our data, a stronger effort should be made in terms of risk management perspective in order to ensure the develop and application of protocols for prevention of Gram-positive healthcare-related infections and strengthen infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Resolution of the equatorial spread F problem: Revisited
Authors: Huba J. D. 
Published: January 2023

An overview of recent advances made in understanding the phenomenon of equatorial spread F (ESF) is presented and a discussion of unresolved issues that need to be addressed. The focus is on research that has occurred in the last decade. The topics include satellite observations, theory, and modeling. The suggested areas that require further exploration are a unified theory of turbulence extending from 100 s m to 10 s cm, the impact of geomagnetic storms on the development of equatorial spread F, the need for accurate thermospheric wind measurements and models, and identifying the underlying physics of ESF in the post-midnight sector during solar minimum.
Posterior ankle arthroscopic treatment of a talar chondroblastoma with allograft and a platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li ZhenDong , Xue JianFeng , Shi ZhongMin 
Published: January 2023

Talar chondroblastoma, which is a benign tumor of immature cartilage cells, is an uncommon but easily missed diagnosis of foot pain. Arthroscopic treatment for this condition is a safe, powerful, and promising technique with definitive advantages of visualization and minimal invasion. Here, we report a case of a talar chondroblastoma treated by posterior ankle arthroscopic curettage, allograft bone graft, and platelet-rich plasma-fibrin glue (PRP-FG) application.Level of evidenceCase Report. Level IV.
Robot-assisted percutaneous screw fixation in the treatment of navicular fracture
Authors: Wang Cheng , Fu Shaoling , Li Xueqian , Wang Jiazheng , Wu Chenglin , Zhang Jieyuan , Song Guoxun , Gu Wenqi , Shi Zhongmin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLong recovery time, large scar, postoperative swelling and pain are possible side effects of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for tarsal navicular fractures. Early exercise instruction is made possible by the use of an intraoperative robot-assisted percutaneous invasive closed reduction internal fixation. The goal of the trial was to determine whether percutaneous screw internal fixation with robot assistance might be used to treat navicular fractures.Methods27 patients with navicular fractures had surgical treatment between June 2019 and December 2021. Of those, 20 instances were treated with ORIF, while 7 cases had robot-assisted percutaneous screw internal fixation. At the final follow-up, the American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score were compared to determine outcomes and function.ResultsFollow-up was obtained in all 27 patients after surgery, with a mean follow-up time of 21.81 months, ranging from 15 to 29 months . In the 7 instances of robot-assisted group, percutaneous guide wire insertion and screw placement only needed one attempt and the depth and position of the implant were both satisfactory. In the ORIF group, there were two patients who sustained cutaneous nerve injuries. The AOFAS score and the VAS score of the group receiving robot-assisted navigation percutaneous screw fixation were 92.25 ± 2.22 and 0.75 ± 0.25 respectively at the last follow-up, while 82.25 ± 7.15 and 0.50 ± 0.29 were the respective values for the ORIF group.ConclusionIntraoperative robot-assisted percutaneous closed reduction internal fixation for tarsal navicular fractures can accomplish exact localization of fracture site, reduce soft tissue damage and operative time. According to current view, this method offers fewer complications, a faster recovery after surgery, and more patient satisfaction.