bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic behavior of a droplet flows through a constricted splitting channel: a lattice Boltzmann study
Authors: Deng Dapeng , Dong Huifang , Liang Yusheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of a droplet flows through a constricted channel, where an obstacle is placed in the center of the constricted channel to split the droplet. The method is first used to simulate the effect of the capillary number

C
a

on the volume of the divided daughter droplets. Results show that the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle increases as

C
a

increases. We also find that reducing the capillary number is conducive to the droplet splitting into two daughter droplets with similar volume. The method is then used to simulate the influence of the viscosity ratio

λ

on the droplet flows through a constricted channel. As

λ

increases, the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle decreases. Finally, the influence of the confinement ratio

W
c

on the evolution of the droplet morphology is investigated. With increase in

W
c

, the volume difference between the daughter droplets above and below the obstacle increases. When

W
c

⩾
1

, the droplet does not break up and completely enters the bottom channel. Comparing with the converging-diverging and ratchet channels, the constricted splitting channel is more conductive to the breakup of the droplet neck.
Global pointwise estimates of positive solutions to sublinear equations
Authors: Verbitsky I. 
Published: June 2023

Bilateral pointwise estimates are provided for positive solutions

u
u

to the sublinear integral equation

u
=

G

(
σ

u
q

)
+
f

in

Ω
,

\begin{equation*} u = \mathbf {G}(\sigma u^q) + f \quad \text {in } \ \Omega , \end{equation*}

for

0
>
q
>
1

0 > q > 1

, where

σ
≥
0

\sigma \ge 0

is a measurable function or a Radon measure,

f
≥
0

f \ge 0

, and

G

\mathbf {G}

is the integral operator associated with a positive kernel

G
G

on

Ω
×
Ω

\Omega \times \Omega

. The main results, which include the existence criteria and uniqueness of solutions, hold true for quasimetric, or quasimetrically modifiable kernels

G
G

.

As a consequence, bilateral estimates are obtained, along with existence and uniqueness, for positive solutions

u
u

, possibly unbounded, to sublinear elliptic equations involving the fractional Laplacian,

(
−
Δ

)

α
2

u
=
σ

u
q

+
μ

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

in

Ω
c

,

\begin{equation*} (-\Delta )^{\frac {\alpha }{2}} u = \sigma u^q + \mu \quad \text {in}\quad \Omega , \quad u=0 \quad \text {in}\,\, \Omega ^c, \end{equation*}

where

0
>
q
>
1

0>q>1

, and

μ
,
σ
≥
0

\mu , \sigma \ge 0

are measurable functions, or Radon measures, on a bounded uniform domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n

for

0
>
α
≤
2

0 > \alpha \le 2

, or on the entire space

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

, a ball or half-space, for

0
>
α
>
n

0 > \alpha >n

.
Psychometric properties of ability to contribute measurements as a domain of functional ability of older persons: a COSMIN systematic review
Authors: Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Tella-Vega Pamela , García-Chanes Rosa Estela , Lozano-Juárez Luis Raymundo , Medina-Campos Raúl Hernán , García-Andrade Salvador , Escamilla-Núñez Alberto , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Diaz Theresa , Mikton Christopher , García-Peña Carmen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Older person’s ability to contribute covers contributions divided into five subdomains: assisting friends and neighbours, mentoring peers and younger people, caring for family, engaging in the workforce and voluntary activity.

Objective
To evaluate the psychometric properties of ability to contribute measurements as a domain of functional ability of older persons using Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology for systematic reviews.

Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, for observational studies published within the last 10 years. The measurement properties of these ability measures were evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist.

Results
Of the 32,665 studies identified, we selected 19, of which the main purpose was to develop or validate an instrument or have related items that measure at least one of the subdomains. None of the instruments contained items that were fully related to the five subdomains, 60% (n = 12) were related to voluntary activities and 15% (n = 3) to mentoring peers and younger people. As for psychometric properties, two studies assessed content validity. Factor analysis was used to evaluate structural validity in 10 studies. Internal consistency was evaluated in 63% of the instruments and Cronbach’s alpha ranges from 0.63 to 0.92. No study reported predictive validity. A very limited overview of their scope and limitations for their application was observed.

Conclusions
We found no single instrument measuring all subdomains of ability to contribute. We found several instruments containing items that could indirectly measure some of the subdomains of the ability to contribute.
Chemical signaling glands are unlinked to species diversification in lizards
Authors: Murali Gopal , Meiri Shai , Roll Uri 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sexual selection has long been thought to increase species diversification. Sexually selected traits, such as sexual signals that contribute to reproductive isolation, were thought to promote diversification. However, studies exploring links between sexually selected traits and species diversification have thus far primarily focused on visual or acoustic signals. Many animals often employ chemical signals (i.e., pheromones) for sexual communications, but large-scale analyses on the role of chemical communications in driving species diversification have been missing. Here, for the first time, we investigate whether traits associated with chemical communications—the presence of follicular epidermal glands—promote diversification across 6,672 lizard species. In most analyses, we found no strong association between the presence of follicular epidermal glands and species diversification rates, either across all lizard species or at lower phylogenetic scales. Previous studies suggest that follicular gland secretions act as species recognition signals that prevent hybridization during speciation in lizards. However, we show that geographic range overlap was no different in sibling species pairs with and without follicular epidermal glands. Together, these results imply that either follicular epidermal glands do not primarily function in sexual communications or sexually selected traits in general (here chemical communication) have a limited effect on species diversification. In our additional analysis accounting for sex-specific differences in glands, we again found no detectable effect of follicular epidermal glands on species diversification rates. Thus, our study challenges the general role of sexually selected traits in broad-scale species diversification patterns.
Single-mutations at the galactose-binding site of enzymes GalK, GalU, and LgtC enable the efficient synthesis of UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose and azido-functionalized Gb3 analogs
Authors: Ortiz-Soto Maria E , Baier Makarius , Brenner Daniela , Timm Malte , Seibel Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide Gb3 is linked to the deficient activity of the α-galactosidase A in the Anderson–Fabry disease and an elevated level of deacylated Gb3 is a hallmark of this condition. Localization of Gb3 in the plasma membrane is critical for studying how the membrane organization and its dynamics are affected in this genetic disorder. Gb3 analogs containing a terminal 6-azido-functionalized galactose in its head group globotriose (αGal1, 4βGal1, and 4Glc) are attractive chemical reporters for bioimaging, as the azido-group may act as a chemical tag for bio-orthogonal click chemistry. We report here the production of azido-Gb3 analogs employing mutants of galactokinase, UTP–glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and α-1,4-galactosyltransferase LgtC, which participate in the synthesis of the sugar motif globotriose. Variants of enzymes galactokinase/UTP–glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase generate UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, which is the galactosyl-donor used by LgtC for transferring the terminal galactose moiety to lactosyl-acceptors. Residues at the galactose-binding site of the 3 enzymes were modified to facilitate the accommodation of azido-functionalized substrates and variants outperforming the wild-type enzymes were characterized. Synthesis of 6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose-1-phosphate, UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, and azido-Gb3 analogs by variants GalK-E37S, GalU-D133V, and LgtC-Q187S, respectively, is 3–6-fold that of their wild-type counterparts. Coupled reactions with these variants permit the production of the pricy, unnatural galactosyl-donor UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose with ~90% conversion yields, and products azido-globotriose and lyso-AzGb3 with substrate conversion of up to 70%. AzGb3 analogs could serve as precursors for the synthesis of other tagged glycosphingolipids of the globo-series.
Decreased bone resorption in Ezh2 myeloid cell conditional knockout mouse model
Authors: Caviness Perry C. , Gai Dongzheng , Lazarenko Oxana P. , Blackburn Michael L. , Zhan Fenghuang , Chen Jin‐Ran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOsteoclasts derived from hematopoietic stem cells control bone resorption. Identifying novel molecules that can epigenetically regulate osteoclastogenesis is important for developing novel treatments for osteoporosis and other disorders associated with bone deterioration and promoting healthy bone formation. The polycomb group (PcG) protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a histone lysine methyltransferase, is associated with epigenetic regulation of numerous cellular processes, but its involvement in bone cell development and homeostasis is not yet clear. Here, LysM‐Cre mice were crossed with Ezh2flox/flox mice to delete Ezh2 in myeloid cell lineage mature macrophages. Conditional knockout of Ezh2 (CKO) in myeloid cell line resulted in significant increases in postnatal bone growth in the first 6 months of life for both male and female mice. For female mice, optimal bone mass was seen for mice with Ezh2 deleted in both chromosomes in a pair (f/f Cre+; CKO). For male mice, optimal bone mass was found after deletion of Ezh2 from just one chromosome (f/− Cre+) with no difference in bone phenotype between f/− Cre+ and CKO male mice. In addition to the gender‐specific difference in bone phenotype, Ezh2 CKO mice had significantly less macrophages (CD11b+) present in the bone marrow compared with control mice as well as significantly more mature osteoblasts and bone formation biomarkers present (P1NP, osteocalcin). Inflammatory array for protein lysed from bone tissue revealed deletion of Ezh2 decreased inflammatory milieu in both male and female mice compared with controls. Unexpectedly, myeloid cell deletion of Ezh2 also increased the number of mature osteoblast present in the bone. Deletion of Ezh2 also led to an increase in gene expression of osteoclast‐suppressive genes IRF8, MafB, and Arg1 due to a decrease in the presence of the suppressive H3K27me3 epigenetic mark. These findings suggest that manipulation of Ezh2 expression may be a viable strategy to combat bone resorptive disorders such as osteoporosis or arthritis.
Complex chemical signals dictate Ah receptor activation through the gut–lung axis
Authors: Dong Fangcong , Murray Iain A. , Annalora Andrew , Coslo Denise M. , Desai Dhimant , Gowda Krishne , Yang Jian , Wang Dingbowen , Koo Imhoi , Hao Fuhua , Amin Shantu G. , Patterson Andrew D. , Marcus Craig , Perdew Gary H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates intestinal barrier homeostasis. Many AHR ligands are also CYP1A1/1B1 substrates, which can result in rapid clearance within the intestinal tract, limiting systemic exposure and subsequent AHR activation. This led us to the hypothesis that there are dietary substrates of CYP1A1/1B1 that functionally increase the half‐life of potent AHR ligands. We examined the potential of urolithin A (UroA), a gut bacterial metabolite of ellagitannins, as a CYP1A1/1B1 substrate to enhance AHR activity in vivo. UroA is a competitive substrate for CYP1A1/1B1 in an in vitro competition assay. A broccoli‐containing diet promotes the gastric formation of the potent hydrophobic AHR ligand and CYP1A1/1B1 substrate, 5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (ICZ). In mice, dietary exposure to UroA in a 10% broccoli diet led to a coordinated increase in duodenal, cardiac, and pulmonary AHR activity, but no increase in activity in the liver. Thus, CYP1A1 dietary competitive substrates can lead to enhanced systemic AHR ligand distribution from the gut, likely through the lymphatic system, increasing AHR activation in key barrier tissues. Finally, this report will lead to a reassessment of the dynamics of distribution of other hydrophobic chemicals present in the diet.
Designing a Road Map for Action to Address Bias and Racism Within a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Butts Gary C. , Abner Pamela , Hess Leona , Palermo Ann-Gel S. , Cotilletta Ben , Gianelli Arthur , Richardson Lynne D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter Movement, and the public anguish and outrage resulting from the murder of George Floyd in 2020 intensified the commitment of many health care institutions to pursue racial and social justice and achieve health equity. The authors describe the Road Map for Action to Address Racism, which was developed to unify and systematize antiracism efforts across the Mount Sinai Health System. A 51-member Task Force to Address Racism, comprising faculty, staff, students, alumni, health system leaders, and trustees, developed recommendations to achieve the goal of becoming an antiracist and equitable health care and learning institution by intentionally addressing all forms of racism and promoting greater diversity, inclusion, and equity for its workforce and community. Grounded in the principles of Collective Impact, the Task Force developed a set of 11 key strategies to effect systemwide change. The strategies affected all aspects of the organization: business systems and financial operations, delivery of care, workforce development and training, leadership development, medical education, and community engagement. The authors describe Road Map implementation, currently in process, including the appointment of strategy leaders, evolution of a governance structure integrating stakeholders from across the health system, development of an evaluation framework, communication and engagement efforts, and process measures and progress to date. Lessons learned include the importance of recognizing the work of dismantling racism as integral to, not apart from, the institution’s day-to-day work, and the need for specialized expertise and a significant investment of time to coordinate Road Map implementation. Going forward, rigorous assessment of quantitative and qualitative outcomes and a commitment to sharing successes and challenges will be critical to eradicating systems that have perpetuated inequities in the biomedical sciences and medicine and in the delivery of health care.
High Cell Saver Autotransfusion is Associated With Perioperative Medical Complications in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Mohanty Sarthak , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Hassan Fthimnir M. , Reyes Justin , Coury Josephine R. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: June 2023

Study Design.
A retrospective, propensity-matched observational study.

Objective.
To assess the impact of cell saver (CS) homologous transfusion on perioperative medical complications in adult patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Despite many endorsing its use, many analyses still refute the efficacy of CS on decreasing total perioperative allogenic red blood cell transfusions, cost efficiency, and its effect on perioperative complications.

Methods.
Adult patients who underwent spinal deformity surgery at a single center between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient-specific, operative, radiographic, and 30-day complications/readmission data were collected for further analysis. Two methods were utilized to test our hypothesis: (1) absolute threshold model: two cohorts created among patients who received ≥550 mL of CS intraoperatively and those who received less; (2) adjusted ratio model: two cohorts created dependent on the ratio of CS to estimated blood loss (EBL). Propensity-score matching and various statistical tests were utilized to test the association between CS and perioperative medical complications.

Results.
Two hundred seventy-eight patients were included in this analysis with a mean age of 61.3±15.7yrs and 67.6% being female. Using the first method, 73 patients received ≥550 mL of CS, and 205 received less. Propensity-score matching resulted in 28 pairs of patients. 39.3% of patients with ≥550 mL CS required readmission within 30 days compared with 3.57% of patients in the <550 mL cohort (P=0.016), despite a nearly identical proportion of patients requiring intraoperative blood transfusions (P>0.9999). Using the second method, 155 patients had CS/EBL<0.33 and 123 with CS/EBL ≥0.33. 5.16% and 21.9% among patients with CS/EBL<0.33 and CS/EBL≥0.33, respectively, were readmitted by the 30-day marker (P<0.0001).

Conclusions.
Our findings indicate that greater CS volumes transfused are associated with higher rates of 30-day readmissions. Thus, surgeons should consider limiting CS volume intraoperatively to 550 mL and when greater volumes are required or preferred, ensuring that the ratio of CS:EBL remains under 0.33.
Developing Faculty Developers: An Underexplored Realm in Professional Development
Authors: Kolomitro Klodiana , Soleas Eleftherios , Steinert Yvonne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As faculty developers enter the field and grow in their roles, how do they keep up with ongoing changes and ensure that their knowledge remains relevant and up-to-date? In contrast to most of the studies which focused on the needs of faculty members, we focus on the needs of those who fulfill the needs of others. We highlight the knowledge gap and lack of adaptation of the field to consider the issue of professional development of faculty developers more broadly by studying how they identify their knowledge gaps and what approaches they use to address those gaps. The discussion of this problem sheds light on the professional development of faculty developers and offers several implications for practice and research. Our own piece of the solution indicates that faculty developers follow a multimodal approach to the development of their knowledge, including formal and informal approaches to addressing perceived gaps. Within this multimodal approach, our results suggest that the professional growth and learning of faculty developers is best characterized as a social practice. Based on our research, it would seem worthwhile for those in the field to become more intentional about the professional development of faculty developers and harness aspects of social learning in that process to better reflect faculty developers' learning habits. We also recommend applying these aspects more broadly to, in turn, enhance the development of educational knowledge and educational practices for the faculty members these educators support.
Investigating the relationship between breast and gynecological cancers and infertility and its treatments: a case-control study
Authors: Naghizadeh Somayyeh , Faroughi Farnaz , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Due to the high prevalence of breast and gynecological cancers among women, it is crucial to identify the risk factors of these cancers. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between breast and gynecological cancers and infertility and its treatments in women suffering from these cancers.

Methods
This case–control study was conducted with the participation of 400 people (200 women with breast and gynecological cancers and 200 healthy women without a history of cancer) in hospitals and health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2022. Data were collected using a four-part researcher-made questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, information related to cancer, and information related to infertility and its treatments.

Result
s Based on the multivariable logistic regression model and by controlling sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics as possible confounding variables, women with cancer had an infertility history almost four times more than women who did not have a history of cancer (OR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.36–9.33; P = 0.010). Women with breast cancer had an infertility history five times more than women without a history of breast cancer (OR = 5.11; 95% CI: 1.68–15.50; P = 0.004). The infertility history of women with gynecological cancer was more than three times that of the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 0.99–11.47; P = 0.053).

Conclusion
Infertility and its treatments may be involved in increasing the risk of breast and gynecological cancers.
Comparative Study Among CO2 Laser, Intralesional Vitamin D3, and Combined Intralesional Vitamin D3 and CO2 Laser in Treatment of Palmoplantar Warts
Authors: El Sharkawy Dina Ahmed , Nada Hanan Rabea , Radman Al-Kubati Sahar 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Many therapeutic modalities are used for palmoplantar warts; whether destructive, such as chemical cautery, electrocautery, cryocautery, surgical removal, and laser ablation, or immunotherapeutic, stimulating the immune system against the virus such as intralesional vitamin D3 injection.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of intralesional vitamin D injection combined with CO2 laser to the efficacy of either modality alone.

PATIENT AND METHODS
Eighty age- and sex-matched patients with palmoplantar warts were divided into 4 groups: Group A received intralesional vitamin D3 injections, group B received ablative CO2 laser, group C received CO2 laser and intralesional vitamin D3 injection, and group D (control group) were injected intralesionally with normal saline. Assessment was performed clinically, photographically, and dermoscopically before and after treatment to evaluate the response, and then, another assessment was performed after 3 months to detect any recurrence.

RESULTS
Complete clearance was seen in 90% of cases in group C, in 80% in group A, and in 75% in group B with no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSION
Intralesional vitamin D, CO2 laser, and the combination show comparable efficacy and recurrence rates. Intralesional vitamin D maybe a better option for people with a relative contraindication to CO2 laser.