bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homological eigenvalues of graph p-Laplacians
Authors: Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2023

Inspired by persistent homology in topological data analysis, we introduce the homological eigenvalues of the graph [Formula: see text]-Laplacian [Formula: see text], which allows us to analyze and classify non-variational eigenvalues. We show the stability of homological eigenvalues, and we prove that for any homological eigenvalue [Formula: see text], the function [Formula: see text] is locally increasing, while the function [Formula: see text] is locally decreasing. As a special class of homological eigenvalues, the min–max eigenvalues [Formula: see text] are locally Lipschitz continuous with respect to [Formula: see text]. We also establish the monotonicity of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text]. These results systematically establish a refined analysis of [Formula: see text]-eigenvalues for varying [Formula: see text], which lead to several applications, including: (1) settle an open problem by Amghibech on the monotonicity of some function involving eigenvalues of [Formula: see text]-Laplacian with respect to [Formula: see text]; (2) resolve a question asking whether the third eigenvalue of graph [Formula: see text]-Laplacian is of min–max form; (3) refine the higher-order Cheeger inequalities for graph [Formula: see text]-Laplacians by Tudisco and Hein, and extend the multi-way Cheeger inequality by Lee, Oveis Gharan and Trevisan to the [Formula: see text]-Laplacian case. Furthermore, for the 1-Laplacian case, we characterize the homological eigenvalues and min–max eigenvalues from the perspective of topological combinatorics, where our idea is similar to the authors’ work on discrete Morse theory.
Canada Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hutchinson Deborah R. , Houseknecht David W. , Mosher David C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Canada Basin (CB) formed during a short period of seafloor spreading inferred to be Early Cretaceous in age. Brookian strata of inferred Early Cretaceous–Holocene age comprise the sedimentary fill of the Canada Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CB TSE). Although the CB has remained tectonically quiet since seafloor spreading ceased, both proximal and distal tectonism (Alpha Ridge magmatism, and the Cordilleran, Brooks Range and Eurekan orogenies) have influenced sediment source areas, dispersal paths and thicknesses in the basin. In the Neogene, the dominant source of sediments was the Mackenzie River, which drains northern portions of the Cordilleran orogen. The CB TSE is one of the most remote and challenging places on Earth to explore. Although regional seismic reflection and refraction data exist, there are no boreholes to constrain interpretations. Existing published estimates of hydrocarbon potential range from limited to moderate to significant.
Emergency shelters fleeing La Soufrière: a case study from the April 2021 volcanic eruption in St Vincent and the Grenadines
Authors: Ferdinand Idelia , Badenock Kathy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
La Soufrière, St Vincent is the northernmost stratovolcano on mainland St Vincent. Over 25 000 residents were issued orders to evacuate their homes in the high-risk zones close to the La Soufrière Volcano in St Vincent and the Grenadines because of the imminent explosive volcanic eruption. The aim of this paper is to explore the experiences of residents who evacuated and sought shelter as a result of the 2021 eruption of La Soufrière Volcano. The researchers conducted surveys of affected residents of the red and orange zones (evacuees and non-evacuees) as well as shelter volunteers. The results indicate that residents are willing to evacuate if they are provided with information to guide their decision-making and if they feel that they have a suitable place to stay and that they are likely to receive support, especially food supplies. Despite their willingness to evacuate, people are generally concerned about the safety and security of their house, crops and livestock. In relation to future eruptions, people would be more prepared if they received more information, were evacuated earlier and took more supplies with them when they were evacuated.
Breast Cancer Metastatic Progression Requires mRNA Posttranscriptional Suppression
Authors: Amaya Ramirez Cinthia Claudia , Loayza-Puch Fabricio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cancer cell survival is highly dependent on its metabolic reprogramming, which supports not only cell growth but also confers to the tumor cells characteristics to initiate migration and colonization. Among the different mechanisms that are involved, translational control plays a significant role in oncogenesis; however, its impact on cancer progression still remains poorly understood. A study by Navickas and colleagues revealed that the RNA-binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) functions as a translational regulator, and its downregulation in highly metastatic cells leads to the lengthening of 3′ untranslated regions in HNRNPC-bound mRNAs, resulting in translational repression mediated by the AGO–miRNA RNA-induced silencing complex.
Identifying barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of older adults living in UK care homes in research: a scoping review
Authors: Nocivelli Brittany , Shepherd Victoria , Hood Kerenza , Wallace Carolyn , Wood Fiona 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
With an ageing population, older adults will have more complex health and social care needs and many of these older adults will be living in care homes. Despite the growth in care home populations, care home residents are often excluded from research that could potentially benefit their care. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore resident-related barriers and facilitators to including older people living in UK care homes in research and to identify potential approaches to modify such barriers.

Method
The 6-stage scoping review methodology framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley guided this review. Five electronic databases (MedLine, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL) and grey literature were searched. Identified articles went through two levels of screening, and those deemed relevant were collated, summarised and reported using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
90 reports were eligible for inclusion and were synthesised into 7 themes and related subthemes: (1) research design; (2) understanding and beliefs about research (resident and care home staff); (3) communication; (4) relationships; (5) eligibility criteria (resident and care home); (6) preference-based decisions; and (7) care home staff and environment. Given the complex interplay of the factors identified, both direct and indirect factors were included.

Conclusions
A number of recurring barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of care home residents in research are reported. However, isolating resident-related barriers was complex as both direct and indirect factors must be considered as influential. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to inclusion will enable these factors to be addressed and increase the evidence-base for care provided to older people living in care homes.
Predictive and prognostic markers from endoscopic ultrasound with biopsies during definitive chemoradiation therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Du Qingwu , Wu Xiaoyue , Zhang Kunning , Cao Fuliang , Zhao Gang , Wei Xiaoying , Guo Zhoubo , Li Yang , Dong Jie , Zhang Tian , Zhang Wencheng , Wang Ping , Chen Xi , Pang Qingsong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may play a role in evaluating treatment response after definitive chemoradiation therapy (dCRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study explored the prognostic markers of EUS with biopsies and developed two nomograms for survival prediction.

Methods
A total of 821 patients newly diagnosed with ESCC between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed. We investigated the prognostic value of the changes in tumor imaging characteristics and histopathological markers by an interim response evaluation, including presence of stenosis, ulceration, tumor length, tumor thickness, lumen involvement, and tumor remission. Independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using Cox regression analysis and further selected to build two nomogram models for survival prediction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to respectively assess its discriminatory capacity, predictive accuracy, and clinical usefulness.

Results
A total of 155 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into the training (109 cases) and testing (46 cases) cohorts. Tumor length, residual tumor thickness, reduction in tumor thickness, lumen involvement, and excellent remission (ER) of spatial luminal involvement in ESCC (ER/SLI) differed significantly between responders and non-responders. For patients undergoing dCRT, tumor stage (P = 0.001, 0.002), tumor length (P = 0.013, 0.008), > 0.36 reduction in tumor thickness (P = 0.004, 0.004) and ER/SLI (P = 0.041, 0.031) were independent prognostic markers for both PFS and OS. Time-dependent ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA indicated that the predicted survival rates of our two established nomogram models were highly accurate.

Conclusion
Our nomogram showed high accuracy in predicting PFS and OS for ESCC after dCRT. External validation and complementation of other biomarkers are needed in further studies.
Knockdown of RBM15 inhibits tumor progression and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Chunnian , Gu Liqin , Xiao Juan , Jin Feng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), a writer of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, contributes significantly to the development of various tumors. However, the function of RBM15 in cervical cancer (CC) has not been determined.

Methods
Based on the GSE9750, GSE63514, and m6A datasets, m6A-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. The hub genes were identified by generating a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. RT-qPCR was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of hub genes. CCK8, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays were utilized to examine the influence of RBM15 on HeLa and SiHa cells. Tumor xenograft models were used to assess the effects of RBM15 on tumorigenesis. A mechanistic analysis of RBM15 in CC tumors was conducted using the GeneCards and Coxpresdb databases, followed by a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and the pathway-related genes were subsequently validated using Western blotting.

Results
Five DEGs were screened, including WTAP, RBM15, CBLL1, and YTHDC2. Among them, WTAP, RBM15, CBLL1, and YTHDC2 were hub genes and can be used as biomarkers for CC. RBM15 expression was considerably increased, while WTAP, CBLL1, and YTHDC2 were significantly downregulated. Knockdown of RBM15 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC cells and tumorigenesis. Moreover, knockdown of RBM15 significantly reduced the expression levels of proteins related to the JAK-STAT pathway.

Conclusions
Knockdown of RBM15 inhibited the progression of CC cells, which probably by inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway pathway.
Nanoparticle delivery of TFOs is a novel targeted therapy for HER2 amplified breast cancer
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Xu Yi , Fu Jie , Shen Zan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The human EGFR2 (HER2) signaling pathway is one of the most actively studied targets in cancer transformation research. Ttriplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) activate DNA damage and induce apoptosis. We aim to encapsulate TFO-HER2 with nano-particle ZW-128 to suppress breast cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Experimental design
We designed a set of TFO fragments targeting HER2 and verified their effectiveness. We encapsulated TFO-HER2 in ZW-128 to form nano-drug TFO@ZW-128. Cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of TFO@ZW-128 on cell proliferation and the expressions of related proteins. The ant-itumor effect of TFO@ZW-128 was evaluated in vivo using nude mice breast cancer model.

Results
TFO@ZW-128 had efficient cellular uptake in amplified HER2 breast cancer cells. TFO@ZW-128 showed an 80-fold increase in TFO utilization compared with TFO-HER2 in the nude mouse breast cancer model. Meanwhile, TFO@ZW-128 dramatically inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing tumors compared with TFO-HER2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TFO@ZW-128-induced cell apoptosis was in a p53-independent manner.

Conclusions
In this study, we designed nano-drug TFO@ZW-128, which has proven effective and non-toxic in targeted therapy for ectopic HER2-expressing tumors.
Exploration of spatiotemporal heterogeneity and socio-demographic determinants on COVID-19 incidence rates in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Phang Piau , Labadin Jane , Suhaila Jamaludin , Aslam Saira , Hazmi Helmy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In Sarawak, 252 300 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been recorded with 1 619 fatalities in 2021, compared to only 1 117 cases in 2020. Since Sarawak is geographically separated from Peninsular Malaysia and half of its population resides in rural districts where medical resources are limited, the analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity of disease incidence rates and their relationship with socio-demographic factors are crucial in understanding the spread of the disease in Sarawak.

Methods
The spatial dependence of district-wise incidence rates is investigated using spatial autocorrelation analysis with two orders of contiguity weights for various pandemic waves. Nine determinants are chosen from 14 covariates of socio-demographic factors via elastic net regression and recursive partitioning. The relationships between incidence rates and socio-demographic factors are examined using ordinary least squares, spatial lag and spatial error models, and geographically weighted regression.

Results
In the first 8 months of 2021, COVID-19 severely affected Sarawak’s central region, which was followed by the southern region in the next 2 months. In the third wave, based on second-order spatial weights, the incidence rate in a district is most strongly influenced by its neighboring districts’ rate, although the variance of incidence rates is best explained by local regression coefficient estimates of socio-demographic factors in the first wave. It is discovered that the percentage of households with garbage collection facilities, population density and the proportion of male in the population are positively associated with the increase in COVID-19 incidence rates.

Conclusion
This research provides useful insights for the State Government and public health authorities to critically incorporate socio-demographic characteristics of local communities into evidence-based decision-making for altering disease monitoring and response plans. Policymakers can make well-informed judgments and implement targeted interventions by having an in-depth understanding of the spatial patterns and relationships between COVID-19 incidence rates and socio-demographic characteristics. This will effectively help in mitigating the spread of the disease.
Transition models of care for type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Zurynski Yvonne , Carrigan Ann , Meulenbroeks Isabelle , Sarkies Mitchell N. , Dammery Genevieve , Halim Nicole , Lake Rebecca , Davis Elizabeth , Jones Timothy W. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Managing the care regimen for Type 1 Diabetes is challenging for emerging adults, as they take on greater responsibility for self-management. A diverse range of models of care have been implemented to improve safety and quality of care during transition between paediatric and adult services. However, evidence about acceptability and effectiveness of these is limited. Our aim was to synthesise the evidence for transition models and their components, examine the health related and psychosocial outcomes, and to identify determinants associated with the implementation of person-centred models of transition care.

Method
We searched Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus. Peer reviewed empirical studies that focused on T1D models of care published from 2010 to 2021 in English, reporting experimental, qualitative, mixed methods, and observational studies were included.

Results
Fourteen studies reported on health and psychosocial outcomes, and engagement with healthcare. Three key models of care emerged: structured transition education programs (6 studies), multidisciplinary team transition support (5 studies) and telehealth/virtual care (3 studies). Compared with usual practice, three of the six structured transition education programs led to improvements in maintenance of glycaemic control, psychological well-being, and engagement with health services. Four MDT transition care models reported improved health outcomes, and improved engagement with health services, however, three studies reported no benefit. Reduced diabetes related stress and increased patient satisfaction were reported by two studies, but three reported no benefit. Telehealth and virtual group appointments improved adherence to self-management and reduced diabetes distress but did not change health outcomes.

Conclusions
Although some health and psychosocial benefits are reported, the results were mixed. No studies reported on T1D transition model implementation outcomes such as acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness among clinicians or managers implementing these models. This gap needs to be addressed to support future adoption of successful models.
Tumor matrix stiffness provides fertile soil for cancer stem cells
Authors: Safaei Sadegh , Sajed Roya , Shariftabrizi Ahmad , Dorafshan Shima , Saeednejad Zanjani Leili , Dehghan Manshadi Masoumeh , Madjd Zahra , Ghods Roya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMatrix stiffness is a mechanical characteristic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that increases from the tumor core to the tumor periphery in a gradient pattern in a variety of solid tumors and can promote proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, and differentiation capabilities. CSCs are thought to be responsible for metastasis, tumor recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and consequently poor clinical outcomes. Evidence suggests that matrix stiffness can activate receptors and mechanosensor/mechanoregulator proteins such as integrin, FAK, and YAP, modulating the characteristics of tumor cells as well as CSCs through different molecular signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the effect of matrix stiffness on CSCs characteristics could lead to development of innovative cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss how the stiffness of the ECM is sensed by the cells and how the cells respond to this environmental change as well as the effect of matrix stiffness on CSCs characteristics and also the key malignant processes such as proliferation and EMT. Then, we specifically focus on how increased matrix stiffness affects CSCs in breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. We also discuss how the molecules responsible for increased matrix stiffness and the signaling pathways activated by the enhanced stiffness can be manipulated as a therapeutic strategy for cancer.
Printing tissue-engineered scaffolds made of polycaprolactone and nano-hydroxyapatite with mechanical properties appropriate for trabecular bone substitutes
Authors: Yazdanpanah Zahra , Sharma Nitin Kumar , Raquin Alice , Cooper David M. L. , Chen Xiongbiao , Johnston James D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Bone tissue engineering, based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, has emerged as a promising approach to treat bone defects using scaffolds. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of porosity and internal structure on the mechanical properties of scaffolds.

Methods
We fabricated composite scaffolds (which aimed to replicate trabecular bone) from polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with 30% (wt.) nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) by extrusion printing. Scaffolds with various porosities were designed and fabricated with and without an interlayer offset, termed as staggered and lattice structure, respectively. Mechanical compressive testing was performed to determine scaffold elastic modulus and yield strength. Linear regression was used to evaluate mechanical properties as a function of scaffold porosity.

Results
Different relationships between mechanical properties and porosities were noted for the staggered and lattice structures. For elastic moduli, the two relationships intersected (porosity = 55%) such that the lattice structure exhibited higher moduli with porosity values greater than the intersection point; vice versa for the staggered structure. The lattice structure exhibited higher yield strength at all porosities. Mechanical testing results also indicated elastic moduli and yield strength properties comparable to trabecular bone (elastic moduli: 14–165 MPa; yield strength: 0.9–10 MPa).

Conclusions
Taken together, this study demonstrates that scaffolds printed from PCL/30% (wt.) nHAp with lattice and staggered structure offer promise for treating trabecular bone defects. This study identified the effect of porosity and internal structure on scaffold mechanical properties and provided suggestions for developing scaffolds with mechanical properties for substituting trabecular bone.