bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components
Authors: Nandhini R. , Nath Banashree , Gaikwad Harsha S. , Sharma Manjula , Meena Snehlata 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and recognize its abnormal components in pre and postmenopausal women. We also aim to recognize the abnormal components in postmenopausal women with regard to duration since menopause.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was undertaken among pre- and post-menopausal women between 40 and 65 years. Women with MS were identified as per the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.

Results:
A total of 220 women were enrolled comprising 112 premenopausal and 108 postmenopausal women, the prevalence of MS among them being 33% and 51.85%, respectively. Postmenopausal status was found to be independently associated with MS when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratios = 14.77, 95% confidence intervals: 1.77–23.33). All the components were proportionately higher in postmenopausal group, the rise in blood pressure (BP) (P = 0.003) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.027) being statistically significant. The risk of MS, abdominal obesity, and high BP were highest in <5 years since menopause and decreased thereafter. The risk for low HDL and high triglyceride increased with the number of years since menopause, reaching the peak level in the 5–9-year group and then decreased while the risk of high fasting blood sugar increased reaching peak in the 10–14 years’ group.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of MS is significantly high in postmenopausal women. Screening of women in premenopausal period will give an opportunity to intervene and prevent the menace of MS in Indian women predisposed to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular adverse events.
Environmental risk factors for cardiovascular diseases using geographic information systems in an urban slum, Bengaluru
Authors: Srinivasan Deepa , Johnson Avita Rose , Jang Subin , Mathew Savan Sara , Fathima Farah Naaz 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a growing epidemic, is influenced by various environmental factors, and the potential connection is not studied adequately.

Objective:
Hence, our study was aimed at assessing the environmental risk factors for CVD and assessing perceptions about the same among the adults residing in an urban slum, Bengaluru.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a validated environmental assessment tool – Environmental Profile of Community Health. It consists of two parts: (i) an assessment of the physical environment for CVD-risk behaviors and (ii) a questionnaire to collect residents' perceptions of their community's environmental risks for CVD.

Results:
The community had two environmental risk factors for CVD-tobacco stores and fast-food restaurants. The community had ten convenience stores, all of which sold tobacco products. Vegetables and fruits were available, and the community also had a park for recreation. We interviewed a total of four study participants with a mean age of 38.5 ± 5.4 years. All participants reported that they have seen people smoke outside public places and inside residences. They felt that society disapproved of women and children smoking while men were excluded. Study participants have reported seeing tobacco and junk food advertisements. Tobacco was easily accessible and available to all ages.

Conclusions:
The urban community was not CVD-friendly. Awareness regarding risk factors for CVD was good. Adequate urban planning, policy-level advocacy, and tailor-made lifestyle changes for patients are the key to preventing CVD.
Poor risk factor control among stroke survivors - A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shani SD , Sylaja PN , Sarma P Sankara , Raman Kutty V 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
A cross-sectional survey was done to find out the prevalence and control status of cardiovascular risk factors among stroke survivors within a post-stroke period of 3 months to 1 year.

Methodology:
The data on the prevalence of risk factors were taken from past medical history and medical records. The risk factor control is defined as achieving the targeted levels of blood pressure, blood sugars and cholesterol. Data on a diet, physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption were also collected. Standard instruments were used to measure blood pressure, weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). The blood sugar and lipid values were taken from labratory reports.

Results:
Stroke survivors (N = 240) participated. Around 75% of the participants were obese or overweight. Normal WC was found only in 25% of the participants. Majority of the participants were not following a healthy diet (62.5%) or doing recommended physical activity (87.1%). The prevalence of diabetes (61.2%), hypertension (88.6%), and dyslipidemia (96%) were high among stroke survivors. The targeted level of diabetic control and hypertension control level was achieved by 26% and 36.2, respectively, while around 72% attained lipid control.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is very high among stroke survivors, and it is poorly controlled.
Underweight and overweight/obesity among middle aged and older adults in India
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: April 2023

Background and Objective :
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among middle aged and older adults in India.

Materials and Methods :
The cross-sectional sample consisted of 72,262 individuals (≥45 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India Wave 1 in 2017–2018. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity relative to normal weight.

Results :
The prevalence of normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) was 36.7%, underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 20.8%, overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2) 14.2%, Class I obesity (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) 20.8%, and Class II obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) 7.4%. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, the factors positively associated with underweight were older age (≥70 years) (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR]: 1.94, confidence interval [CI]: 1.75–2.14), food insecurity (ARRR: 1.19, CI: 1.07–1.33), poor or fair self-rated health status (ARRR: 1.14, CI: 1.05–1.33), and current tobacco use (ARRR: 1.42, CI: 1.31–1.53). The factors negatively associated with underweight were higher education (≥10 years) (ARRR: 0.67, CI: 0.48–0.92), high subjective socioeconomic status (ARRR: 0.78, CI: 0.67–0.92), urban residence (ARRR: 0.72, CI: 0.61–0.84), high life satisfaction (ARRR: 0.83, CI: 0.75–0.91), hypertension (ARRR: 0.64, CI: 0.58–0.69), diabetes (ARRR: 0.50, CI: 0.42–0.59), and heart disease or stroke (ARRR: 0.74, CI: 0.61–0.89). The factors positively associated with overweight/obesity were higher education (≥10 years) (ARRR: 2.09, CI: 1.87–2.33), high subjective socioeconomic status (ARRR: 1.44, CI: 1.31–1.59), urban residence (ARRR: 1.94, CI: 1.79–2.11), high life satisfaction (ARRR: 1.12, CI: 1.04–1.20), hypertension (ARRR: 1.89, CI: 1.76–2.02), type 2 diabetes (ARRR: 1.80, CI: 1.59–2.04), and raised cholesterol (ARRR: 2.75, CI: 2.11–3.58). The factors negatively associated with overweight/obesity were older age (≥70 years) (ARRR: 0.44, CI: 0.39–0.49), male sex (ARRR: 0.59, CI: 0.54–0.64), food insecurity (ARRR: 0.85, CI: 0.76–0.94), vigorous physical activity (>once/week) (ARRR: 0.91, CI: 0.84–0.99), current tobacco use (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.64–0.74), and heavy episodic alcohol use (ARRR: 0.70, CI: 0.58–0.85).

Conclusion :
One in five middle-aged and older adults in India were underweight and more than two in five were overweight/obese, confirming a dual burden of malnutrition in India.
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in patients with diabetic macular edema
Authors: Matias Maria João , Miranda Vítor , Aguiar Catarina Pestana , Duarte Lilianne 
Published: April 2023

Background and Objective:
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays a crucial role in guiding the treatment and establishing the prognosis of diabetic macular edema (DME). We aimed to determine which OCT biomarkers respond better to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) switch after antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment poor response.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-eight eyes with DME, submitted to IVTA switch, were included in this retrospective study. OCT biomarkers and best-corrected visual acuity (VA) were assessed, before and after treatment with a mean follow-up of 2.9 months.

Results:
IVTA switch resulted in improved VA, central foveal thickness (CFT), and macular volume. Intraretinal cysts decreased or disappeared completely (P = 0.007) in 84.2% of the eyes, as well as the hyperreflective foci (P = 0.004) and the subretinal fluid (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
We show that IVTA switch is an effective rescue therapy in anti-VEGF therapy refractory DME. OCT plays an important role in selecting the most appropriate treatment, namely between anti-VEGF and steroids.
The art of fixing a ticking time bomb: Combined phacoemulsification and amniotic membrane transplantation
Authors: Tang Allan Chong-Su , Teh Swee Sew , Yong Geng-Yi , Tan Zhi-Han , Yong Xiu-Rong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bleb leakage is a notorious complication of glaucoma filtration surgery which increases the risk of sight-threatening conditions. A 25-year-old female with severe bilateral juvenile open-angle glaucoma was treated for blebitis and exogenous endophthalmitis secondary to chronic bleb leak after undergoing XEN implantation, followed by multiple rounds of bleb needling, and augmented trabeculectomy. In the right eye, visual acuity was hand movement with cataract, intraocular pressure was 6 mmHg and the bleb was large, highly elevated from 10 to 1 o’clock, avascular, thin wall, and cystic with leaking points. Combined surgery of low-setting phacoemulsification and amniotic membrane transplantation without excising and manipulating the bleb was performed in the same setting. At postoperative 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year, her right vision had improved to 6/24, and the intraocular pressure was 12–14 mmHg, and the bleb leakage had resolved. This successful treatment was accomplished by maintaining the bleb’s viability, preventing additional injury, and promoting wound healing.
CHUNKS IN L2 WRITING: PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FROM GERMAN UNIVERSITY LANGUAGE ENTRANCE EXAMS
Authors: McGury Sandra , Wulff Nadja 
Published: April 2023

<p>Before their enrollment in a German university, international prospective students face the challenge of mastering coherent written texts for language entrance exams which assess the test takers’ ability to compare and contrast, discuss, or argue for a position using the appropriate linguistic tools and following norms conforming to the accepted standards within German academia. This paper discusses how test takers perform in such tasks and which strategies they make use of.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0008/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE ROLES OF DISCOURSE MARKERS IN DISCOURSE
Authors: Diem Pham Ngoc 
Published: April 2023

With the emergence of globalization, language is a medium of communication in human daily activities and plays a vital role across cultures and becomes a popular subject in various linguistic ventures. Hence, looking into the functions of discourse markers in spoken and written text or thought which becomes an interesting research topic for discourse analysts (Blakemore, 1992; Schiffrin, 1999), is a relevant and productive academic attempt. In this paper, the researcher explores three main theoretical frameworks for studying discourse markers: coherence theory, relevance theory and adaptation theory.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0009/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Utilização de mídias eletrônicas pelas confederações desportivas brasileiras na educação antidopagem
Authors: V. Siqueira Rodrigues André , Machado Reis Victor , Camillo Martinez Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

A informação e a educação antidopagem (EAD) são direitos dos atletas e a proximidade destes com as confederações desportivas brasileiras (CB) pode potencializar o combate ao doping. Objetivos: analisar as informações sobre EAD promovidas pelas CB em seus websites e mídias sociais (WMS) e verificar se há relação entre estes dados, a quantidade de pessoal sancionado e a possibilidade de medalhas nos últimos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos de verão e inverno (JOP) (Tokyo, 2020 e Beijing, 2022). Foram realizadas buscas nos WMS das CB sobre antidopagem nos últimos 180 dias; nos websites da WADA, da Autoridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem e das Federações Internacionais para quantificar os atletas e pessoal de apoio sancionado; além do levantamento dos resultados dos últimos JOP. Resultados: as CB realizam poucas ações de EAD em seus WMS, das 41 entidades analisadas, 34 (82.9%) não possuíam o Código Brasileiro Antidopagem para acesso em seus sítios eletrônicos; e 21 (51.2%) não realizaram nenhuma postagem sobre o assunto durante os seis meses de monitoramento. Não ficou evidenciada a correlação entre a EAD disponibilizada e a quantidade de pessoal sancionado, ou a possibilidade de medalha. No Brasil, a EAD necessita realizar avanços, devendo as CB realizar mais ações nesta área para os atletas.
Palavras-chave: Dopagem; Ambiente Virtual; Atleta; Esporte
The correlation between knowledge, family income and peer support with anaemia prevention behaviour among adolescent girls
Authors: Triharini Mira , Tanfidiah Enis , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Gouda Amel Dawod Kamel 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To analyse the correlation of knowledge, family income and peer support with anaemia preventive behaviour among adolescent girls.
Method: The correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Junior High School 3, Sampang, Indonesia, from April to June 2021, and comprised adolescent girls who had gone through menarche and were living with their families. Data was collected using knowledge, peer support and anaemia preventive behaviour questionnaires that were designed based on literature. Data was analysed using Spearman’s Rho test.
Results: Of the 156 subjects with mean age 14.0±0.98 years, 60(38.5%) were studying in the 8th grade. The mean age of menarche was 11.91±1.03 years. Anaemia preventive behaviour was significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.000, r=0.277) and peer support (p=0.000, r=0.403), but not with family income (p=0.166, r=0.111).
Conclusion: knowledge level and better peer support were found to improve anaemia preventive behaviour among adolescent girls.
Keywords: Anaemia, Iron, Adolescent, Incidence.
Factors related to adherence with the implementation of COVID-19 health protocols in a traditional market traders’ community in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahidah  , Widyawati Ika Yuni , Dewi Lingga Curnia , Liem Khatijah 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To observe the relationship of perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action with adherence to coronavirus disease-2019 protocols among traders.
Methods: The descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2021, in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia, and comprised traders in a traditional market. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model, and a coronovirus disease-2019 protocol adherence questionnaire after confirming the validity and reliability of the instruments.
Results: Of the 332 subjects, 191(57.5%) were females and 141(42.5%) were males. The largest age group was 30-39 years 137(41.3%), followed by 40-49 years in 132(39.8%). Overall, 293(88.3%) subjects had no history of chronic diseases. The main sources of information related to coronavirus disease-2019 were family/friends 84(25.3%), social media 83(25%) and television 82(24.7%). There were significant relationships of perceived susceptibility (p=0.000; r=0.215), perceived seriousness (p=0.004; r=0.157), perceived benefits (p=0.003; r=0.163), perceived barriers (p=0.001; r=-0.178) and cues to action (p=0.002; r=0.168) with protocol adherence.
Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action were found to affect a person’s adherence with coronavirus disease-2019 protocols.
Keywords: COVID-19 health protocols, Cues, Health belief model, Adherence.
Patients’ readiness before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a descriptive study
Authors: Sukartini Tintin , Nursalam  , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Ismiwiranti Ratri , Poddar Andeep 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To analyse patients’ anxiety related to endoscopy.
Method: The descriptive study was conducted from July 23 to September 14, 2020, at the Endoscopy Unit of Dr Abdoer Rahem Situbondo General Region Hospital, Dr Koesnadi Bondowoso General Region Hospital and Ibnu Sina Gresik General Region Hospital, East Java, Indonesia. The sample comprised endoscopy patients of either gender aged >20 years. Data was collected using the Endoscopy Confidence Questionnaire.

Results: Of the 50 patients, 28(56%) were males and 22(44%) were females. The largest age group was 41-50 years 17(34%), followed by 31-40 years 13(26%). Overall, 48(96%) subjects were married. Abdominal pain was most common indication for the procedure 10(20%). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was the procedure in 29(58%) patients, 42(84%) had no history of endoscopy, and 41(82%) were reluctant to undergo the procedure.

Conclusion: Patients’ anxiety rises before endoscopy. Nurses need to provide complete and clear information related to the procedure, including the less pleasant elements.

Keywords: Duodenoscopy, Anxiety, Gastritis, Readiness.
Knowledge, anxiety, stress and COVID-19 guidelines practice among nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Budury Syiddatul , Fitriasari Ndikawati , Pramesti Theresia Anita , Eka Sari Diah Jerita , Widiharti Widiharti 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To analyse the relationship of knowledge, anxiety and stress with the practice of coronavirus disease-2019 guidelines among nursing students.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in June-July 2020 after approval from the ethics review board of Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Surabaya, Indonesia, and comprised undergraduate nursing students in their second, third and fourth years of studies at various universities in the East Java region. Data was collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 questionnaire. Knowledge about coronavirus disease-2019 guidelines was assessed using a self-developed questionnaire in line with World Health Organisation advisory. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 227 subjects, 204(90%) were women and 23(10%) were men. The overall mean age was 20.10±1.5888 years. There was no significant association of knowledge, anxiety and stress with the practice of coronavirus disease-2019 guidelines (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Adequate knowledge of coronavirus disease-2019 did not make the nursing students follow the relevant guidelines.
Keywords: Nursing, Anxiety, Mental health, Socialisation, Stress, COVID-19. (
Analysis of factors related to behaviours to prevent sexual assault of teenage girls
Authors: Pradanie Retnayu , Yunitasari Esti , Wibawati Adinda Reza , Abigail Wendy 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To analyse the factors associated with the behaviour of teenage girls in terms of preventing a sexual assault.
Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in April 2021 at a senior high school in Cibitung, Bekasi, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga. The sample comprised class X-XII students aged 15- 19 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data was analysed with logistic regression test using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 139 subjects, 52 (37.4%) were aged 16 years, 58 (41.7%) were in class XII. Significant relationship of behaviour to prevent sexual assault was found with knowledge (p=0.008), attitude (p=0.010) and peer interaction (p=0.007).
Conclusion: Preventing sexual assault behaviour among girls was found to be related to knowledge, attitude and peer interaction.
Keywords: Adolescent, Sex offenses, Violence, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice.
Corporate Sustainability in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Qiu Ethan , Vitone Tyler 
Published: April 2023

3.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. 342 million barrels of petroleum to produce plastic-based fibers (Wired, 2022). And 92 million tons of textile waste (Igini, 2022). This all stems from the fashion industry on a yearly basis. Climate change is the most pressing issue in our society today and as it progresses, comes a heavier emphasis on sustainability and environmental consciousness. Effective ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) has been shown to affect overall profit by 60% (Henisz, 2019). With this, companies are taking advantage of and capitalizing on the new sustainability “trend”, marketing themselves as corporately responsible and committed to environmental causes.
As we are dependent on the fashion industry for clothing and contributing to the immense impact of global warming, consumers need to be educated on the true nature of the fashion industry and the extent of its impacts. As such, this research paper will provide comprehensive information for consumers to navigate through the fashion industry and ultimately be more mindful in their purchasing decisions. This project explores the role of the government, corporations, and consumers in modern sustainability practices and dives into the fashion industry, building upon the abstract concepts discussed. This includes evaluating the business models of the fashion industry in response to market trends and discussing how it impacts overall environmental sustainability. The research paper concludes by thoroughly proposing best practices firms can adopt to improve upon their corporate responsibility, simultaneously bettering the environment and business performance.
Kamu Yönetiminin Güncel İlkeleri ve Politika Transferlerine Etkileri
Authors: TEKİN Ömer Faruk 
Published: April 2023

İnsanlığın var olduğu günden beri toplumlar birbirleriyle bilgi alışverişi içinde olmuşlardır. Öğrendikleri yöntem ve yenilikleri kendi hayatlarında uygulamaya çalışmışlardır. Tarihte birbirleriyle savaşan milletlerin bile, karşılaştıkları toplumlardan bazı şeyler öğrendikleri bilinen bir gerçektir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle birlikte dünya globalleşmiş, milletler arası ilişkiler ve etkileşim de gelişmiştir. Hükümetler artık yeni bir politika denemeden önce politika maliyetleri ve riskleri üzerinde durmaya başlamışlardır. Yeni politikaları maliyet ve risklerini göze alarak denemek yerine, başka milletlerin uygulamalarına bakarak onların tecrübelerinden faydalanmayı öğrenmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada, kamu yönetimi anlayışı ve ilkelerinde yaşanan değişim hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Uygulanan kamusal politika ve reformların, karşılaştırma ve politika transferi yoluyla yaygınlık kazanması üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı kamu yönetiminde kabul gören güncel ilkelerin bu karşılaştırmalara ve politika transferlerine olan etkilerini analiz etmektir. Çalışmada, Yeni Kamu Yönetimi reformları ile birçok ülkede yaygınlaşan bu ilkelerin aynı zamanda kamu yönetimlerini karşılaştırma yapma, politika öğrenme ve transfer etmeye teşvik eden içeriklere sahip oldukları ortaya konulmaktadır.