bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of current key guidelines for managing high‐risk patients with diabetes and heart failure and future prospects
Authors: Lee Matthew M. Y. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe reviewed recent guidelines on the management of heart failure (HF) in patients with diabetes. Major recommendations in European and US society guidelines were scrutinized. First, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors are now recommended treatments for all patients with symptomatic HF (stage C and D; New York Heart Association class II‐IV), irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Second, patients with HF and reduced EF (LVEF ≤40%) should have foundational therapies from four drug classes (sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, angiotensin‐receptor neprilysin inhibitor, beta‐blocker and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist). Third, patients with HF with mildly reduced (41%‐49%) and preserved (≥50%) LVEF may also benefit from angiotensin‐receptor neprilysin inhibitor, beta‐blocker and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy, although evidence for these is less robust. Fourth, selected patients should be considered for other therapies such as diuretics (if congestion), anticoagulation (if atrial fibrillation) and cardiac device therapy. Fifth, glucose‐lowering therapies such as thiazolidinediones and certain dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (such as saxagliptin and alogliptin) should be avoided in patients with HF. Sixth, guidelines recommend enrolment of patients with HF into exercise rehabilitation and multidisciplinary HF management programmes. Particular attention should be paid to important comorbidities such as obesity, alongside pharmacological therapies. As diabetes and obesity are major risk factors for HF, earlier consideration of, and diagnosis of HF, followed by guideline‐directed medical therapy can meaningfully improve patients' lives. Diabetes doctors would do well to understand the basics of such guidelines to help improve all aspects of HF diagnosis and care.
Elevated factor XIa as a modulator of plasma fibrin clot properties in coronary artery disease
Authors: Paszek Elżbieta , Malinowski Krzysztof P. , Ząbczyk Michał , Butenas Saulius , Undas Anetta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) display a prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype, involving low permeability and resistance to lysis. The determinants of this phenotype remain elusive. Circulating tissue factor (TF) and activated factor XI (FXIa) are linked to arterial thromboembolism. We investigated whether detectable active TF and FXIa influence fibrin clot properties in CAD.MethodsIn 118 CAD patients (median age 65 years, 78% men), we assessed Ks, an indicator of clot permeability, and clot lysis time (CLT) in plasma‐based assays, along with the presence of active TF and FXIa. We also analysed proteins involved in clotting and thrombolysis, including fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and thrombin activatable thrombolysis inhibitor (TAFI). During a median 106 month (interquartile range 95–119) follow‐up, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, systemic thromboembolism (SE) and cardiovascular (CV) death were recorded.ResultsCirculating TF and FXIa, detected in 20.3% and 39.8% of patients, respectively, were associated with low Ks and prolonged CLT. Solely FXIa remained an independent predictor of low Ks and high CLT on multivariable analysis. Additionally, fibrinogen and PAI‐1 were associated with low Ks, while PAI‐1 and TAFI—with prolonged CLT. During follow‐up low Ks and prolonged CLT increased the risk of MI and the latter also a composite endpoint of MI, stroke/SE or CV death.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first to show that circulating FXIa is associated with prothrombotic fibrin clot properties in CAD, suggesting additional mechanisms through which FXIa inhibitors could act as novel antithrombotic agents in CAD.
Undetected eating disorders among adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Pehlivanturk‐Kizilkan Melis , Campbell Kelly Anne , White Zappitelli Megan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of undetected eating disorders (EDs) among adolescent psychiatric inpatients and to investigate the association between clinical, psychiatric, and sociocultural factors and EDs.MethodsBetween January and December 2018, patients aged 12–18 years, hospitalized for inpatient‐level treatment were given the self‐assessment questionnaires of the Eating Attitudes Test‐26 (EAT‐26), the Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS), the Child Behaviour Check List, and Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire‐4 after their routine unstructured clinical diagnostic assessment on admission by a psychiatrist. Patients were reassessed after reviewing the psychometric assessment results.ResultsThe prevalence of EDs among 117 psychiatric inpatients was 9.4%, all were female and all diagnosed with unspecified feeding and eating disorder. We showed that 63.6% of patients with EDs was diagnosed after the screening and not with the routine clinical interview. EAT‐26 scores were weakly correlated with affective (r = 0.314, p = .001), anxious (r = 0.231, p = .012), somatic (r = 0.258, p = .005), and impulsive maladaptive behaviours (r = 0.272, p = .003). A formal ED diagnosis was positively associated with media pressure, (OR:1.660, 95% CI: 1.105–2.495) and oppositional defiance (OR: 1.391, 95% CI: 1.005–1.926), and negatively with conduct problems (OR: 0.695, 95% CI: 0.500–0.964). The CDFRS results were not different between the ED and non‐ED groups.ConclusionsOur study suggests EDs remain a prevalent yet often overlooked diagnosis in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Health care providers should screen for EDs in inpatient psychiatric settings as a part of routine assessment to improve the identification of disordered eating behaviours that often begin during adolescence.
Seed limitation interacts with biotic and abiotic factors to constrain novel species' impact on community biomass and richness
Authors: Pichon Noémie A. , Kaarlejärvi Elina , Eskelinen Anu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeed limitation can narrow down the number of coexisting plant species, limit plant community productivity, and also constrain community responses to changing environmental and biotic conditions. In a 10‐year full‐factorial experiment of seed addition, fertilisation, warming and herbivore exclusion, we tested how seed addition alters community richness and biomass, and how its effects depend on seed origin and biotic and abiotic context. We found that seed addition increased species richness in all treatments, and increased plant community biomass depending on nutrient addition and warming. Novel species, originally absent from the communities, increased biomass the most, especially in fertilised plots and in the absence of herbivores, while adding seeds of local species did not affect biomass. Our results show that seed limitation constrains both community richness and biomass, and highlight the importance of considering trophic interactions and soil nutrients when assessing novel species immigrations and their effects on community biomass.
Antibiotic resistance gene abundance and bacterial community composition in macroinvertebrates of an urban stream
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sohini , Eagar Andrew C. , Engohang‐Ndong Jean , Leff Laura G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Increase in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in freshwater ecosystems as a consequence of anthropogenic activities is a matter of public health concern. Although researchers have looked at ARG abundance and the factors affecting them in biofilms, water and sediment, the role of freshwater macroinvertebrate gut microbiomes in harbouring and disseminating ARGs is unknown. In the current study, we tested whether: (a) macroinvertebrate gut microbiomes serve as hotspots of ARGs in comparison to their immediate environment, (b) functional feeding groups (FFGs) impact ARG abundance in macroinvertebrate guts, (c) bacterial community composition and ARG abundance are correlated, and (d) macroinvertebrates can be potential vectors of ARGs.

Macroinvertebrates, sediment and water samples were collected from seven different sites along northeastern Ohio (U.S.A.) streams and abundances of three ARGs (sulI, sulII and tetW) were determined. Bacterial community composition also was examined for respective microbiomes and a microcosm study was designed for testing hypothesis 4.

In many cases, the gut microbiome had higher relative ARG abundance (sulI and sulII) at sites along Tinker's Creek compared to the surrounding substrate and water. ARG abundances along with taxonomic differences in bacterial community composition were different among the FFGs (ARG abundance higher in omnivores). Certain bacterial taxa were significantly correlated with one or more ARGs. We did not find that freshwater macroinvertebrates can serve as vectors of ARGs (from the microcosm study).

Overall, our site‐based results suggest that freshwater macroinvertebrate guts may serve as reservoirs of ARGs, differences in ARG abundance among FFGs was possibly a result of differences in bacteria ingested and gut morphophysiological conditions.

Because this study indicates that macroinvertebrate guts can be potential reservoirs of ARGs, future studies can be designed to understand the role of macroinvertebrates in dissemination of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems.
Agronomic and forage nutritive responses of Kentucky bluegrass dominated pastures in the northern Great Plains
Authors: Toledo David , Swanson Kendall , Meehan Miranda , Dahlen Carl , Christensen Rachael , Asplin Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) has become dominant in many portions of the northern Great Plains. During hot and/or dry periods, pastures consisting of mostly cool‐season grasses will most likely lack the productivity and diversity needed to provide sufficient forage for livestock. Determining the impact of weather conditions on the variation of forage production and nutritive response of Kentucky bluegrass is becoming increasingly important to agricultural producers. Sampling occurred at the USDA Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory near Mandan, North Dakota, USA. Kentucky bluegrass samples were clipped every 2–3 weeks in mowed and unmowed unfertilized rangeland plots during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Samples were dried, weighed, ground to pass a 1‐mm sieve, and analysed for nutritive value. There are differences between the modelled supply of metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein and the requirements for cow‐calf pairs for all years and most months. Early defoliation of Kentucky bluegrass decreases productivity and nutritive value as the grazing season progresses. Adjusting management to allow an adequate growth interval and plant canopy cover throughout the year can ensure a more consistent supply of Kentucky bluegrass. Our data and models provide a glimpse into future scenarios, which allow producers to be more proactive in dealing with Kentucky bluegrass and projected changes in climate.
Delirium incidence, predictors and outcomes in the intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Alzoubi Elaf , Shaheen Feras , Yousef Khalil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of delirium in intensive care units.BackgroundDelirium is a common complication in intensive care units. In developing countries, it can be misdiagnosed or unrecognised.DesignProspective cohort study reported according to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology criteria.MethodsWe included patients who were conscious, >18 years old, and admitted to the intensive care units for at least 8 h between December 2019 and February 2020. Patients with a Richmond score of −4 or −5, mental disability, receptive aphasia and/or visual or auditory impairment were excluded from the study. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU), whereas the functional outcome was assessed by the Katz Activity of Daily Living Index.ResultsThis study included 111 patients with a delirium incidence of 31.5%. The severity of illness was the only significant predictor of delirium. Patients with delirium had longer intensive care unit and in‐hospital stays in contrast to those without delirium. Delirium was associated with in‐hospital and 4‐month mortality but not the activities of daily living.ConclusionsDelirium is associated with increased length of stay and mortality. Further investigation to determine whether delirium management can improve outcomes is warranted.
Maize (Zea mays L.) responses to heat stress: Mechanisms that disrupt the development and hormone balance of tassels and pollen
Authors: Sun Jing , Wang Huiqin , Ren Hao , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jiwang , Ren Baizhao , Liu Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobal climate changes have led to frequent and recurrent heat stress, which has seriously affected the world maize production. The experiment presented in this paper was carried out during the maize‐growing season in 2021 and 2022 at the Huang–Huai–Hai Region Maize Science and Technology Innovation Center (36°09′N, 117°09′E) in Tai'an, Shandong province, China. The test site is located in the semi‐humid warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, soil is brown loam. We selected different heat‐sensitive maize varieties: heat‐tolerant variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and heat‐sensitive variety Xianyu335 (XY335) to study the stress effects of high temperature on the development of tassel in the key stage of its differentiation (the 12‐leaf stage, V12). We found that exposure to heat stress during the V12 stage significantly reduced the tassel size and the anther dehiscence area, making it difficult to disperse pollen, thus effectively reducing pollen production. In addition, heat stress had significant negative effects on pollen development, resulting in deformed pollen and lower pollen viability and germination rate. Our results also showed that heat stress significantly increased the activities of key reactive oxygen species‐scavenging enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and that the malondialdehyde and H2O2 content in tassels exposed to heat stress were significantly higher than those control group, where it should be noted that for the XY335, these effects were more pronounced than for the ZD958. The endogenous hormone content of tassels exhibited a variety of responses. After heat stress, the zeatin and salicylic acid content in tassels of both maize varieties were significantly lower than those in the respective control groups, while the abscisic acid and gibberellin acid content were significantly higher. With respect to the jasmonic acid and 3‐indoleacetic acid content, the two maize varieties exhibited opposite responses: in tassels from ZD958 plants subjected to heat stress were higher than those in the respective control group, while in tassels from XY335 plants, they were lower. The observed changes in protective enzyme activities and endogenous hormone contents induced by heat stress significantly affected the development of maize tassels and significantly reduced the amount, activity and germination rate of pollen.
Implementing shared decision making according to the choosing wisely programme: Perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery
Authors: Lal Rajni , O'Halloran Tessa , Santhirapala Ramai , Dhesi Jugdeep , Partridge Judith 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundShared decision making (SDM) is the process whereby patients and healthcare professionals work together to achieve a consensus management decision, based on best clinical evidence and patient's preferences. No formal approach to documentation of SDM conversations exists in setting of peri‐operative medicine.ObjectiveTo assess and improve the quality and consistency of documentation regarding SDM conversations in an elective surgical outpatient population and appraise the satisfaction of patients and professionals in SDM.MethodsThe study was conducted in a geriatrician led perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery service, at an inner‐city teaching hospital serving a tertiary surgical referral population. The quality improvement programme intervention comprised a Choosing Wisely, UK SDM tool, consisting of Benefits, Risks, Alternatives and Doing Nothing (BRAN mnemonic), clinic posters, patient leaflets, and an introductory SDM workshop and education sessions, and observation and standardised feedback of SDM. Clinic letters were reviewed to identify SDM documentation compliance. Participants included clinicians of all grades and disciplines, and consecutive patients attending the clinic.ResultsClinician interviews revealed inconsistent documentation of SDM. We reviewed 203 clinic letters following the initial implementation of SDM documentation tool, only 59% (n = 120) had fully completement BRAN tool. Additional interventions improved clinic SDM documentation compliance to 98%. A prospective observation study conducted revealed patients and clinician satisfaction at 93% and 79%, respectively.ConclusionThe BRAN tool is adaptable to many health decision settings, including discussions related to treatment, investigations, and procedures, which expands its potential to improve patient safety.
Maxillary lip dynamics and gingival display revisited: Utilizing standardized metrics
Authors: Bakeman Elizabeth M. , Kois John C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was initiated to validate a predictable system for establishing maximum maxillary lip dynamics and highlight the clinical significance of the findings.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five subjects, ranging in age from 25 to 71 years old were photographed with lips in maximum and minimum reveal. The images were digitally analyzed using set references. The statistical analysis was performed using Meta. Numerics version 4.1.4. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was carried out to identify relationships between age and maxillary lip dynamics. A p‐value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be significant.ResultsA greater percentage of participants have posterior gingival display than anterior gingival display. There is greater movement of the maxillary lip at the cuspid than at the central incisor.ConclusionThere was a tendency for lip dynamics to increase at the right central incisor when there is an increase in lip dynamics at the right cuspid. Lip dynamics does not appear to decrease with age.Clinical SignificanceAccurately recording and considering maximum lip dynamics helps avoid asymmetric, excessive or insufficient gingival architecture, insufficient or excessive tooth length and visible restorative margins.
International takeover laws and corporate cash holdings
Authors: Yang Donghe , Su Zihao , Zhu Xindong Kevin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact on corporate cash holdings of international merger and acquisition (M&A) laws, which facilitate corporate takeovers. We use the staggered enactment of M&A laws from 1992 to 2005 and a sample spanning 34 jurisdictions, and find that levels of corporate cash holdings increase after passage of M&A laws. We also find that firms with better operating performance, higher earnings volatility, higher P/E ratio, and in jurisdictions with high M&A intensity hoard more cash after the enactment of M&A laws. These firms decrease dividends and capital expenditure and increase cash‐based acquisitions in the post‐M&A law period. Additional analysis shows that the effect is manifested in the subsample of firms in jurisdictions with better institutional environments. Lastly, we find that investor valuations of cash holdings decrease after the enactment of M&A laws. Collectively, our results suggest that managers hoard cash to finance M&A activities after the enactment of M&A laws, driven by the motive of empire‐building, and that cash hoarding behaviors are viewed by investors as value‐decreasing.
IgM anti‐MAG± peripheral neuropathy (IMAGiNe) study protocol: An international, observational, prospective registry of patients with IgM M‐protein peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Hamadeh Tatiana , van Doormaal Perry T. C. , Pruppers Mariëlle H. J. , van de Mortel Johannes P. M. , Hoeijmakers Janneke G. J. , Cornblath David R. , Vrancken Alexander F. J. E. , Faber Catharina G. , Notermans Nicolette C. , Merkies Ingemar S. J. ,   the IMAGiNe Consortium
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundInternational consensus on IgM ± anti‐MAG ± PNP (IgM PNP) is lacking. Despite increasing interest in clinical trials, validated disease‐specific measures are needed to adequately capture limitations and changes over time. The IMAGiNe (IgM ± anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein [MAG] peripheral neuropathy) study surges as an international collaboration to create a standardized registry of patients with IgM ± anti‐MAG PNP. The consortium, which currently consists of 11 institutions from 7 countries, presents here the IMAGiNe study design and protocol.AimsFunctional outcome measures will be constructed at the level of impairment, as well as activity and participation. We aim to describe the natural history of the cohort, the role of anti‐MAG antibodies, the presence of clinical subtypes, and potential biomarkers.MethodsThe IMAGiNe study is a prospective, observational cohort study with a 3‐year follow‐up. At each assessment, researchers collect clinical data and subjects complete a list of preselected outcome measures. Among these, the “Pre‐Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (Pre‐RODS)” questionnaire will be submitted to Rasch analysis to assess classic and modern clinimetric requirements.ResultsThe final measures will include the IgM‐PNP‐specific RODS and Ataxia Rating Scale (IgM‐PNP‐ARS). Descriptions of the disease course, clinical heterogeneity, treatment regimes, variations in laboratory values, and antibody titers will help reach consensus on diagnosis and follow‐up strategies.ConclusionThe constructed interval scales will be cross‐culturally valid and suitable for use in future clinical trials and daily practice. The ultimate goals are to improve functional individualized assessment, reach international consensus, and lay the foundations for successful designs in future studies.
Histological features and Gαolf expression patterns in the nasal cavity of sea turtles
Authors: Kondoh Daisuke , Kaneoya Yuka , Tonomori Wataru , Kitayama Chiyo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSea turtles use olfaction to detect volatile and water‐soluble substances. The nasal cavity of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) comprises morphologically defined the anterodorsal, anteroventral, and posterodorsal diverticula, as well as a single posteroventral fossa. Here, we detailed the histological features of the nasal cavity of a mature female green turtle. The posterodorsal diverticulum contained spongy‐like venous sinuses and a wave‐shaped sensory epithelium that favored ventilation. Secretory structures that were significant in sensory and non‐sensory epithelia were probably involved in protection against seawater. These findings suggested that green turtles efficiently intake airborne substances and dissolve water‐soluble substances in mucous, while suppressing the effects of salts. In addition, positive staining of Gαs/olf that couples with olfactory, but not vomeronasal, receptors was predominant in all three types of sensory epithelium in the nasal cavity. Both of airborne and water‐soluble odorants seemed to be detected in cells expressing Gαolf and olfactory receptors.