bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do previous influenza and mastitis infections change the gene expressions of immune T cell surface markers present in human milk?
Authors: Demers-Mathieu Veronique , DaPra Ciera , Medo Elena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The function of neonatal T cells is reduced compared to adult T cells. Human milk T cells may be transferred to the breastfed infant and compensate for their immature T cells. This study investigated the impact of mastitis and influenza post-infections (1–4 months) on T cell surface markers’ gene expressions in human milk.

Methods
Gene expressions of CD4, CD44, CD8A, CCR6, CCR7, CD62L, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CD25 were determined in milk samples from 7 women with mastitis, 7 women with influenza, and 9 women without infection during the last year. The concentrations of Th cytokines (IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-β) were also determined.

Results
The gene expression in milk from women with influenza infection had lower CCR7 (naïve T cells) and higher CD8A (cytotoxic T cells), CD44 and CD62L (activated/memory T cells) than mothers without infection. Gene expression in milk from mothers with mastitis had higher CD4 (Th cells) and lower CCR6 (Th17 cells) than mothers without mastitis. Milk from mothers with previous infections in the past 1–4 months had higher gene expression of CD4, CD8A, CD44, and CD62L, and lower CCR7 and CCR6 (Th17 cells) than mothers without infection. Mastitis or influenza did not affect the concentrations of cytokine-related T cells in human milk, indicating the return to their regular composition of immune regulatory mediators.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that mothers with previous influenza infections may transfer high human milk-activated/memory T cells to their infants. Whether this transfer of antigen-experienced T cells enhances infants’ protection against infection remains to be investigated.
Novel roles for Cullin 3 in naive CD4 T cell homeostasis and activation
Authors: Yarosz Emily L , Chang Cheong-Hee 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 3 (Cul3) has been shown to play a key role in several processes in mammalian cells, including antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, and immunity. Published work has shown that T cell-specific deletion of Cul3 leads not only to a severe defect in invariant natural killer T cell development but also to enhanced T regulatory cell and T follicular helper cell differentiation. However, the role of Cul3 in controlling CD4 T cell proliferation, activation, and homeostasis remains unknown. To investigate this, we used a CD4-Cre driven Cul3 knockout mouse model to study CD4 T cell responses. Interestingly, loss of Cul3 severely impacted naive and effector CD4 T cell frequencies in the peripheral tissues. Further analysis revealed that Cul3-deficient naive CD4 T cells undergo higher rates of spontaneous proliferation and cell death in vivo compared to wild type cells, indicating that Cul3-deficient cells have a preactivated phenotype. In line with this observation, deletion of Cul3 caused naive CD4 T cells to proliferate better than wild type cells after activation. The proliferative advantage observed in Cul3-deficient naive CD4 T cells appears to be IL-2 dependent, as these cells display increased IL-2 secretion and IL2Rα surface expression. Naive CD4 T cells lacking Cul3 also exhibit high rates of glucose uptake and lactate production, suggesting that Cul3 restricts glucose metabolism in naive CD4 T cells. In all, Cul3 appears to control naive CD4 T cell homeostasis by promoting quiescence and restraining activation-induced naive CD4 T cell responses. Future work will focus on determining the mechanisms by which Cul3 exerts these effects in naive CD4 T cells.
Impact of age-associated decreases in thymic B cell expression of Aire and self-antigen genes on T cell tolerance
Authors: Rueda Meghan A , Cepeda Sergio , Xiao Yangming , Kraig Ellen , Griffith Ann V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases increases with age, but the mechanisms linking aging and autoimmunity remain incompletely understood. One hallmark of the aging immune system is atrophy of the thymus, the primary site of T lymphocyte generation and tolerance induction. Aging is also associated with declines in critical thymic functions, including expression of tissue restricted self-antigen (TRA) genes important in tolerance induction. We have focused on a subset of TRAs transcribed preferentially by thymic B cells under control of the Autoimmune regulator (Aire). This expression results in clonal deletion (tolerization) of T cells specific for these antigens which are typically expressed in peripheral tissues. Recently, we found that expression of both Aire and Aire-dependent TRA genes in thymic B cells declines with aging in both mice and humans, leading to the prediction that central T cell tolerance to B cell TRAs would be diminished in older individuals. As a direct test of this hypothesis, splenic B cells from young and aged AdBDC transgenic mice (present an Aire-regulated BDC2.5 antigen) were transferred into irradiated hosts reconstituted with BDC2.5 TCR transgenic bone marrow. We find that aging diminishes the capacity of AdBDC B cells to mediate clonal deletion of cognate BDC2.5 T cells. We also used MHCII tetramers and ELISpot to detect T cells recognizing a model TRA expressed in thymic B cells, Titin (Ttn), an auto-antigen involved in late-onset myasthenia gravis, in the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs of young and aged mice. Together, our preliminary results suggest that the reduced capacity of aged thymic B cells to express Aire also impairs their ability to properly tolerize developing T cells in the thymus.
B cell expression patterns before and after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection; location matters over lineage.
Authors: Zellner Matthew , Lownik Joseph Cornelius , Farrar Jared S. , Urban Joseph , Martin Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Our lab has previously shown that B1 B cells are important in the response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensus. We next wanted to examine the transcriptional changes between B1 and B2 B cells before and after N. brasiliensis infection. After examination of peritoneal cavity (PerC) B1 B cells and B2 B cells compared to mesenteric lymph node (MLN) B2 B cells by RNAseq we showed that there was more transcriptional similarity between PerC B cell populations than PerC B2 B cells and MLN B2 B cells. Due to this finding, we proceeded to determine the lineage of these B cells populations before and after helminth infection. To do this, one day postnatal, all B cells were depleted from CD45.1 IgMa haplotype mice using anti-IgMa antibody (DS.1). The following day the entire PerC lavage of an adult CD45.2 IgMb mouse was reconstituted, intraperitoneally. DS.1 was administered twice weekly until the mice were 6 weeks of age. After resting the mice to allow host bone marrow (BM) derived B cells to recover, the resulting mice had distinguishable B cell populations based on lineage. Interestingly, we found that regardless of whether the B cells were BM or fetal liver derived, both lineages were found in classically defined B1 B cell and B2 B cell population based on surfaces marker patterns by flow cytometry. In conclusion, this work suggests that anatomic location plays a larger role in terminal function than lineage, and that PerC B cell populations have a more ambiguous lineage than previously thought.
Commensal microbiota induces IL-17A-producing innate lymphoid cells that augment skin inflammation in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: SINGH TEJ PRATAP , Carvalho Augusto M , Grice Elizabeth A , Scott Phillip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of immune cells that are enriched at barrier surfaces where they quickly respond to host, microbial or environmental stimuli to promote immunity. Whether ILCs are activated during a cutaneous leishmaniasis infection, and whether the skin microbiota might influence ILC responses, is unknown. To address this issue, we studied ILC development in Leishmania major infected mice as well in bacteria colonized mice subsequently infected with L. major. IL-17A-producing but not IFN-g and IL-13-producing ILCs were enriched in early L. major infected skin. Topical colonization with Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus xylosus before L. major infection increased the number of IL-17A+ ILCs in the skin and enhanced the inflammatory response. Microbiota colonization did not influence the IFN-g production from CD4+ T cells or the parasite load. In addition, IL-17A-production from ILCs was regulated by Batf3 dependent CD103+ dendritic cells, and experiments using Rag1−/− mice demonstrated that ILC17s were sufficient in driving the microbiota dependent inflammatory responses in L. major infected skin. Depletion of ILCs or neutralization of IL-17A in Rag1−/− mice diminished the microbiota mediated inflammatory responses of L. major infected skin. Taken together, this study indicates that the skin microbiota promotes IL-17A-producing ILCs, which drives increased inflammatory responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Cellular Dynamics of Immune Evasion during Leishmania major infection
Authors: Zayats Romaniya , Mou Zhirong , Yazdanpanah Atta , Koh Wan Hon , Lopez Paul , Uzonna Jude E , Murooka Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Infection by Leishmania major generates a strong T cell response, yet clearance is incomplete. Understanding of persistence mechanisms is still lacking, but Leishmania major mediated suppression of antigen presentation mechanisms and the presence of regulatory T cells within the lesion site have been proposed to prevent parasite clearance in vivo. Here, we used a novel TCR transgenic mouse model, where CD4+ T cells recognize an immunodominant peptide derived from Leishmania-glycosomal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), to visually characterize anti-L. major CD4+ T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo during acute and persistent infection. We confirmed that PEPCK T cells engage in prolonged interactions with infected macrophages, which resulted in high IFNg production. Effector T cell responses were significantly suppressed by PEPCK-specific, but not polyclonal Tregs, indicating that antigen recognition is required for their suppressive activity. High suppressive activity by Tregs correlated with high IL-10 expression and lower IL-12, TNF, and IL-2 production. Finally, adoptive transfer of PEPCK effector T cells into infected mice led to their recruitment into lesion sites, displaying cellular behaviours consistent with antigen recognition. We are currently characterizing whether effector T cell responses are altered in healed lesions, where persistently-infected cells are readily observed. Collectively, our microscopy-based approach will better define effector T cell responses during acute infection, and mechanistic understanding of how Tregs promote parasite persistence within healed skin.
CD18 regulates monocyte-macrophage DC progenitors and the differentiation into alternatively activated macrophages during schistosomiasis
Authors: Souza Camila O S , Elias-Oliveira Jefferson , Fontanari Caroline , Rodriguez Vanderlei , Gardinassi Luiz , Faccioli Lucia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni causes a chronic parasitic disease. Along the course of schistosomiasis, innate immune cells are recruited and accumulate into Th2-granuloma in the liver. Recently, our group demonstrated that the common chain of β2-integrin (CD18) was crucial for monocytopoiesis and resistance to experimental S. mansoni infection. Inside the tissue, inflammatory monocytes (IMs) differentiate and polarize in alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) in a type 2 microenvironment. In this context, we evaluated the role of CD18 on monocytes progenitors and differentiation into AAMs during chronic schistosomiasis. First, we evaluated the monocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow from wild-type (WT) and CD18low mice. The low expression of CD18 increased the frequency and absolute number of monocyte-macrophage DC progenitor (MDP), while MFI of Ki-67 were reduced on MDP and common monocytes progenitor (cMoP) at 7 weeks post infection (wpi). Next, we evaluated the integrins family in the liver from S. mansoni-infected mice. We showed increase expression of Itgam when compared to Itgal in the liver at 7 wpi. The frequency of CD11b+cells also increased at 7 wpi, compared to CD11a+ cells. Moreover, compared to WT mice, CD18low animals reduced the MFI of CD11b and CD11c in IMs. The alternative activation markers, Chil3l3 and Arg1 were reduced in CD18low. Indeed, compared to WT mice, CD18low animals reduced the percentage of CD206+PD-L2+ AAMs in the liver at 7 wpi. In addition, the adoptive transference of IMs to CD18low mice reduces the inflammatory infiltrate in the liver at 7 wpi. Overall, our data indicate CD18 coordinated the monocytes differentiation into AAMs during chronic S. mansoni infection.
The T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood reflect the phase of activity tuberculous granuloma
Authors: Berdugina Olga V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Forms are tubercular inflammation expose them to many. Assessment tuberculous granuloma activity carried out on the basis of pathological examination of the data in the postoperative period. However, the study of immunological parameters may open the way to a minimally invasive method for evaluating the activity on the basis of immunological data. The purpose of this study was the comparative evaluation of quantitative and functional state of T-lymphocytes in different phases tuberculous granuloma activity. The study involved 56 people: 31 - tuberculous granuloma, 25 were healthy volunteers. Patients with tuberculous granuloma were differentiated into two cohorts: active tuberculous granuloma, tuberculous granuloma in the phase of moderate activity subsides. The studies to identify subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and the establishment of functional activity of the cells. The statistical unit included the use of Statistica for Windows v.6.1. It has been established that the T-cell component of the immune system in patients with active tuberculous granuloma characterized by increasing expression of CD25+ and HLA-DR on T-lymphocytes, CD95+ markers on T-helper, reduction of γδ-T-cells as well as increasing the number T-NK-lymphocytes and T-reg-cells. Tuberculous granuloma in the phase of moderate and subside activity accompanied by increased CD25+ and CD95+ expression on T-lymphocytes and T-helpers, as well as a decrease in HLA-DR expression on T-lymphocytes. Notes the intention expressed by the reduction in the number of NK-cells and increase γδ-T-cells associated with increases in the number of T-reg. These data allow the use of laboratory immunological parameters for indirect estimation tuberculous granuloma activity.
Antifungal Efficacy of Ocimum Basilicum Essential Oil in Tissue Conditioner Against Candida Albicans: An In vitro Study
Authors: Rajali Aiemeeza , Zain Nurhayati Mohamad , Amran Nurafiqah Aina , Azmi Nurin Hazirah Enche Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Tissue conditioner is used to condition inflamed mucosa induced by denture stomatitis. However, the drawback of the aging tissue conditioner is increased surface roughness, thus enhance microbial adhesion. Ocimum basilicum is known for its antimicrobial effects but its use in liners has not been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to determine the antifungal efficacy of ocimum basilicum essential oil (OBEO) when incorporated into tissue conditioner against C. albicans and the effect on the properties.

Subject and Methods:
The antimicrobial activities were determined using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). After incorporation into tissue conditioner, the color difference and surface roughness were evaluated after one day. The surface morphology and the antibiofilm activity were assessed on day 1 and day 14.

Results:
The zone of inhibition of OBEO on Sabouraud Dextrose agar was significantly wider than nystatin and deionized water (P=0.000) with the MIC and MFC values were 1.25% and 5%. Both OBEO concentrations incorporated into tissue conditioner, there was no significant difference of color changes in the light-dark character (P=0.102) and surface roughness (P=0.920) when compared to the control group. As for adherence at days 1 and 14, both concentrations of OBEO in tissue conditioner show significantly reduced adherence of C. albicans compared to the control group (P=0.000).

Conclusion:
OBEO exhibited significantly better antifungal activity against C. albicans when compared to nystatin and deionized water and resulted in no significant color changes, better surface roughness and lesser adherence of C. albicans toward the tissue conditioner.
Effect of α-Mangostin on Interleukin-11 and Runt-related Transcription Factor-2 Gene Expression on Cell Line Osteoblast Cultures Induced with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Tantra Ivan , Rizqiawan Andra , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Kamadjaja David Buntoro , Soesilowati Pratiwi , Rahman Mohammad Zeshaan , Pramono Coen 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Loss of permanent teeth after tooth extraction without replacement of missing teeth can result in impaired masticatory, esthetic, phonetic functions, and impaired balance of the masticatory organ in the mouth. Therefore, a method is needed to inhibit the alveolar bone resorption process so that the dimensions of the tooth socket can be maintained vertically or horizontally until the time of implant placement, which is called the socket preservation procedure. α-mangostin is known to have a potential anti-inflammatory effect and most likely can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit bone resorption caused by posttooth extraction inflammatory processes.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect on the inflammatory process and osteogenesis on osteoblast cell line culture by induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and α-mangostin.

Materials and Methods:
This was an in vitro laboratory experimental study on mouse osteoblast cell line culture. The treatment was given with LPS, α-mangostin, and combination on osteogenic medium, using the same concentration for all concentrates. The sample will then be processed and analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The highest interleukin-11 (IL-11) gene expression was found in α-mangostin treatment, but there was no significant difference in IL-11 expression between the study groups. The highest runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2) gene expression was found in a group that received induction with LPS and α-mangostin, and from these results, it was found that there was a significant difference in RUNX-2 expression between the study groups.

Conclusions:
LPS and α-mangostin can increase osteogenesis in osteoblast cell culture in the osteogenic medium.
Effect of hypofractionated radiotherapy on lung functions in breast cancer patients
Authors: Rezk Enass A.A. , Abdeldayem Aya M. , Farag Amr L. , Abdelhamid Hossam E.M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) used in the management of breast cancer cases, although reduce time and cost, may have serious effects due to the increased dose of radiation. Radiation-induced lung injury is an important side effect of thoracic radiation.

Aim
In our study, patients assessed by spirometry to detect acute changes in lung functions resulted from radiation exposure during the treatment of breast cancer.

Patients and methods
In this prospective study, 31 patients with breast cancer, who received adjuvant RT in Ain Shams University Hospitals, were assessed by spirometry before and 8 weeks after the end of RT. Radiation pneumonitis (RP) was graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5. Pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry before and 8 weeks after finishing RT to detect changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC (FEF25%–75%), and FEF50% of.

Results
Five (16.1%) patients developed symptomatic RP. Significant reduction was noticed in FVC and FEV1, while FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25%–75%, and FEF50% were not significantly affected. It was also observed that FEV1 was sensitive in anticipating RP.

Conclusion
Spirometry parameters, FEV1 and FVC, significantly decreased after 8 weeks of RT ending, without significant decrease in other parameters, favoring restrictive lung injury pattern. Since most cancer breast patients who developed RP were asymptomatic, spirometry was found to be beneficial in identifying patients with risk of radiation-induced lung injury (RP).
Relation between bronchiectasis severity index and chest ultrasound in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patient
Authors: Abdelwahab Ahmed A. , Eldin Mohammad A.T. , Abdel-Hamid Hossam E.M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Bronchiectasis is a persistent dilatation of the proximal and medium-sized bronchi greater than 2 mm in diameter caused by weakening or fibrosis of the bronchial walls’ muscular and elastic components.

Aim
To measure the severity of bronchiectasis utilizing bronchiectasis-severity ratings in conjunction with transthoracic lung sonography and sputum-culture findings.

Patients and methods
This study was conducted at Chest Department Nasser Institute during the period from January 2020 to June 2021 and included 20 patients: nine females and 11 males with localized symptomatizing bronchiectasis.

Results
In total, 20 patients, 11 (55.0%) males and nine (45.0%) females, were included in this study where Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 12 patients, Haemophilus influenza, and Klebsiella detected in six patients. There was a significant relation between FACED score, Bahalla score, and thoracic ultrasound (US) (P<0.05), also there is significant correlation between bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) score and FACED score (P<0.001). Meanwhile, there was insignificant relation between BSI score and thoracic US.

Conclusion
US is a valuable technique in relation to the BSI, FACED, and Bahalla scores.
Ultrasound assessment of the relation between the quantity of pleural effusion and diaphragmatic functions
Authors: Azab Nourane , El-Habashy Mahmoud , El-Helbawy Rana , Habib Rehab , Rezk Sally A.E. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Diaphragm is a necessary respiratory muscle. In cases with pleural effusion, abnormal diaphragmatic functions may be observed. Thoracic ultrasound is a simple, accurate, and noninvasive method to investigate the relation between the quantity of pleural effusion and diaphragmatic functions.

Aim
The work was done to clarify the relation between the quantity of pleural effusion and diaphragmatic functions using ultrasound.

Patients and methods
A prospective case–control study, where patients were divided into two groups: GI (cases), 20 patients with pleural effusion for ultrasound evaluation of the relation between the quantity of pleural effusion and diaphragmatic functions, and GII, (controls) 20 healthy volunteers without pleural effusion for ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic functions. Between 2019 and 2020, clinical assessment, routine investigations, and demographic and radiological data were reviewed for the two groups.

Results
Thoracic ultrasound for GI at different quantities of pleural effusions revealed significant differences in diaphragmatic functions such as thickness at the end of inspiration, diaphragm thickening fraction, excursion at deep breathing, and excursion at quiet breathing. The statistical comparison of sonographic findings between GI and GII showed significant differences in the thickness at the end of expiration, thickness at the end of inspiration, diaphragmatic thickening fraction, excursion at quiet breathing, and excursion at deep breathing. These changes are proportionate to the quantity of pleural effusion.

Conclusion
There is an adverse effect of pleural effusion at different quantities on diaphragmatic functions as observed by thoracic ultrasound.