bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathotypes and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)-Based Genetic Diversity of Phytophthora sojae Isolates in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Luong Ngoc Ha , Kang In-Jeong , You Hee Jin , Lee Sungwoo 
Published: February 2025

Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of the Phytophthora root and stem rot in soybean, which has resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of the disease and substantial yield losses on a global scale. The proliferation of Phytophthora sojae can be mitigated through the development of Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars. A fundamental understanding of the genetic diversity and dynamic changes within the P. sojae population is essential for disease management and the development of new P. sojae-resistant varieties. Although a large number of pathogen samples can lead to more comprehensive interpretations and better conclusions, only six indigenous P. sojae isolates were available in the Republic of Korea at the time of the experiments. Due to the limited availability, this study preliminarily aimed to assess the pathotypes and genetic variation of the six P. sojae isolates collected in the Republic of Korea. The virulence patterns of all the six P. sojae isolates differed based on the 15 soybean differentials known for P. sojae resistance. The six isolates displayed high levels of pathotype complexities, ranging from 8 to 15, which is notably higher than those observed in other countries. Furthermore, 18 of the 21 simple sequence repeat markers used exhibited polymorphisms. The mean allele number (3.8) shows higher genetic variability compared to that (2.5) of isolates from the USA. The gene diversity (0.624) and the mean polymorphic information content (0.579) also displayed high levels of variation among the six isolates. A low mean heterozygosity (0.019) indicated a rare but possible outcrossing between the isolates, which was detected by the SSR marker PS07. Genetic dissimilarity assessments were employed to categorize the six P. sojae isolates into three groups using a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis. Although on a small scale, the phenotypic and genotypic assay results obtained indicated a significant variability in the pathotypes and genetic variation within the P. sojae isolates in the Republic of Korea. Though limited in scope, these results will be a cornerstone for elucidating the virulence pathotype and genetic diversity of the P. sojae population in future analyses. These findings also have the potential to improve the soybean breeding strategies aimed at enhancing resistance to P. sojae in the Republic of Korea.
Merging machine learning sky imaging methods with the two-state model in photovoltaic power nowcasting
Authors: Hategan Sergiu-Mihai , Paulescu Marius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is vital for grid integration of PV plants. This study proposes a hybrid model for PV power nowcasting, combining a two-state empirical model with machine learning techniques. The two-state model forecasts PV power based on sunlight availability, indicated by the sunshine number (SSN). SSN is predicted using principal component analysis and decision tree ensembles, with the input derived from sky images. A simple neural network aggregates the available data with the SSN forecast to provide an adjusted PV power forecast. The model construction and operation are illustrated with data collected during the spring season. The data used to conduct this study was recorded at the Solar Platform at the West University of Timisoara, Romania. A training dataset from 2022–2023 and a test dataset from 2024 are used for forecasts at 15- and 30-minute intervals. The results show skill score improvement between 10.7% and 18.5%.
The Influence of Chromospheric Activity on Line Formation
Authors: Vieytes Mariela C. , Zhao Lily L. , Bedell Megan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the primary sources of stellar spectral variability is magnetic activity. While our current understanding of chromospheric activity is largely derived from specific lines sensitive to chromospheric heating, such as the Ca ii H and K doublet, previous observational studies have shown that other spectral lines are also affected. To investigate the influence of activity on line formation in greater detail, we constructed a set of stellar models for hypothetical G2 dwarf stars with varying levels of activity and calculated their synthetic spectra. A comparison of these spectra revealed two spectral regions most significantly impacted by activity: approximately 3300–4400 Å and 5250–5500 Å. By calculating the total contribution function of the lines, we determined that the emergence of a secondary chromospheric contribution to line formation is the primary mechanism driving these changes. Based on our calculations and analysis, we compiled a list of transition lines and their corresponding changes due to chromospheric activity. This list could serve as a valuable tool for selecting spectral lines applicable to a wide range of astrophysical studies.
PyEMILI: A New Generation Computer-aided Spectral Line Identifier
Authors: Tu Zhijun , Fang Xuan , Williams Robert , Liu Jifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deep high-dispersion spectroscopy of Galactic photoionized gaseous nebulae, mainly planetary nebulae and H ii regions, has revealed numerous emission lines. As a key step of spectral analysis, identification of emission lines hitherto has mostly been done manually, which is a tedious task, given that each line needs to be carefully checked against huge volumes of atomic transition/spectroscopic data to reach a reliable assignment of identity. Using Python, we have developed a line-identification code PyEMILI, which is a significant improvement over the Fortran-based package EMILI introduced ∼20 yr ago. In our new code PyEMILI, the major shortcomings in EMILI’s line-identification technique have been amended. Moreover, the atomic transition database utilized by PyEMILI was adopted from Atomic Line List v3.00b4 but greatly supplemented with theoretical transition data from the literature. The effective recombination coefficients of the C ii, O ii, N ii, and Ne ii nebular lines are collected from the literature to form a subset of the atomic transition database to aid identification of faint optical recombination lines in the spectra of planetary nebulae (PNe) and H ii regions. PyEMILI is tested using the deep, high-dispersion spectra of two Galactic PNe, Hf 2-2 and IC 418, and gives better results of line identification than EMILI does. We also ran PyEMILI on the optical spectrum of a late-type [WC11] star UVQS J060819.93-715737.4 recently discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and our results agree well with the previous manual identifications. The new identifier PyEMILI is applicable to not only emission-line nebulae but also to emission stars, such as Wolf–Rayet stars.
La modernisation écologique en action : les promesses à l’aune de leurs contradictions internes
Authors: Auvet Brice , Sartre Xavier Arnauld de , Desvallées Lise , Le Visage Selin , Chailleux Sébastien 
Published: February 2025

Cet article introductif du numéro spécial Modernisation écologique part du constat qu’en matière de transition, ce sont le plus souvent des projets relevant de la modernisation écologique qui se mettent en œuvre – ce qui justifie que ces projets soient étudiés en tant que tels. Une analyse de ce que renferme l’idée de modernisation écologique renvoie celle-ci au statut de promesse, qui s’inscrit dans un rapport de continuité rupture par rapport à la modernité. Les articles réunis dans ce numéro sont lus à l’aune de cette promesse. Ces projets révèlent les tensions internes de la modernisation écologique, et montrent que si celle-ci est constamment renégociée et hybridée, si elle souffre d’importantes limites (et critiques) internes, ces projets semblent rassemblés par leur capacité à renforcer des acteurs les plus puissants autour de compromis et d’alignements a minima générant des écarts forts à la promesse et in fine aux objectifs de transition énergétique.
L’irrigation dans les déserts : de l’euphorie au désenchantement. Défis environnementaux dans la diagonale sèche de l’Ancien Monde
Authors: Cariou Alain 
Published: February 2025

Le XXe siècle aura été l’âge d’or de la « grande hydraulique » dans les steppes et les déserts de la diagonale aride qui s’étire du Sahara aux déserts centrasiatiques. Du Maroc à la Chine, la modernisation avait pour mission de transformer l’environnement désertique par la multiplication de fronts pionniers agricoles irrigués afin de répondre à l’augmentation de la demande alimentaire des Etats confrontés à une forte croissance démographique. La mission hydraulique s’est efforcée de rendre accessible et productive les eaux souterraines et superficielles si bien que les surfaces irriguées ont été multipliées par quatre durant le XXe siècle. Mais « fleurir les déserts » à un coût, économique, mais surtout environnemental. Dans bien des cas, le forçage des hydrosystèmes par des programmes de développement insoutenables produit une dégradation environnementale des terres arides à l’origine d’une certaine désaffection des pouvoirs publics et des bailleurs de fonds pour les grands projets d’agriculture irriguée.
MUC5AC and P53 immunohistochemical expression in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic tumors
Authors: Sabry Rania M. , Amal Abeer M. , Muhammad Maha E. E. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Pancreatic cancer ranks seventh in the world for cancer-related deaths in both sexes and causes. An accurate and timely diagnosis is necessary to maximize the treatment efficacy of pancreatic tumors. This benefit has been established by endoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration cytology. Immunohistochemical staining is a useful method for diagnosis that can speed up diagnosis and improve the precision of distinguishing between pancreatic lesions.

Patients and methods
Our research’s objective is to determine the benefits of adding MUC5AC, P53 immunohistochemical analysis for sensitivity and specificity of the endoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Results
The results of 141 EUS-FNAC specimens of pancreatic lesions using the Papanicolaou reporting system were as follows: 12 cases were classified as (I) nondiagnostic, 63 cases as (II) negative for malignancy, eight cases as (III) atypical, six cases as (IV) neoplastic: benign, 16 cases as (V) suspicious for malignancy, and 36 as (VI) malignant. Fifty-eight cases were identified as (III), (V), and (VI) and were subjected to further immunohistochemical staining of their cell blocks. Compared to the 68, 90, 97, and 37% of the EUS-FNAC analysis alone for the detection of PDAC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the combination of EUS-FNAC analysis with both P53 and MUC5AC were 86, 100, 100, and 59%.

Conclusions
The sensitivity and specificity of the EUS-FNAC analysis combined with both P53 and MUC5AC were significantly greater than those of the cytological analysis alone, especially in indeterminate cases; it could help enhance PDAC’s tissue diagnostic capabilities using EUS-FNAC.
Significance of sex-determining region Y box family members (SOX6 and SOX9) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study
Authors: Saad Eman A. , Abdalla Rana M. , Aboelkheir Mona A. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ranks as the third most common urological malignancy worldwide, comprising ~2.2% of all cancers. The clear cell subtype, which accounts for 80–90% of RCC cases, is characterized by a wide spectrum of survival outcomes. The sex-determining region Y box (SOX) family of proteins, expressed in multiple cell types, plays a crucial role in regulating cell differentiation and fate in various physiological contexts. Among them, SOX6 and SOX9 have been implicated in the regulation of carcinogenesis in several human cancers.

Aim
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of SOX6 and SOX9 in clear cell RCC, with a focus on their potential role in tumor progression and as predictors of patient prognosis and survival.
This retrospective analysis included 50 cases of clear cell RCC. Immunostaining for SOX6 and SOX9 was performed, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological features.

Results
SOX6 and SOX9 expression was significantly altered in RCC compared with normal renal tissue (P<0.001). SOX9 expression showed a strong positive association with key clinicopathological factors such as tumor size, Fuhrman grade, tumor, nodal, metastasis (TNM) stage, and lymphovascular invasion (P<0.05). Conversely, SOX6 expression exhibited a significant negative correlation with these same parameters (P<0.05).

Conclusion
SOX9 and SOX6 are potentially involved in the progression of clear cell RCC and may serve as useful biomarkers for this malignancy.
The long-term surgical outcomes of the Aurolab aqueous drainage implant versus the Ahmed glaucoma valve for refractory pediatric glaucoma in Saudi children
Authors: Khan Abdullah M , Ahmad Khabir , Alarfaj Motazz , Alotaibi Humoud , Malik Rizwan , Schargel Konrad 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) play a crucial role in managing refractory pediatric glaucoma. The Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) is a promising option, especially in regions where cost-effective interventions are essential. We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of AADI compared to the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in Saudi children.

Methods:
A cohort study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center in Riyadh, including patients ≤18 years who underwent AADI or AGV implantation between July 2014 and November 2019. Primary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) control, anti-glaucoma medication (AGM) usage, the need for additional glaucoma surgery, and complications. Factors associated with treatment failure were examined using Cox proportion hazard modeling.

Results:
Among 126 eyes (AADI = 56, AGV = 70), the mean follow-up was 55.52 ± 14.47 and 53.02 ± 21.85 months for AADI and AGV, respectively. AADI demonstrated comparable IOP control and AGM reduction to AGV over five years. The AADI group exhibited higher success rates than AGV (76.8% vs. 47%). AGV showed a significantly higher risk of failure compared to AADI (adjusted hazard ratio 2.75, P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
AADI proves to be a safe and effective option for refractory pediatric glaucoma. The long-term outcomes of AADI were not inferior to AGV. Despite consistently lower IOP and AGM usage in the AADI group from the 3rd to the 60th month, statistical significance was not achieved.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Confirmation of Bile Flow from Hilar Microbile Ducts during Kasai Portoenterostomy
Authors: Jaseel Muhammed , Vasudevan Anu K. , Sihag Abhinav , Shanmugam Naresh , Sankaranarayanan Srinivas , Rela Mohamed , Ramachandran Priya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
We studied the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in identifying bile flow from hilar microbile ducts during Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed the records of all the children who underwent KPE over 10 months and reviewed the operation notes of those who received ICG. ICG (0.1 mg/kg) was injected into a peripheral vein 12 h before the incision. We noted the surgeon’s observation on bile flow after hilar dissection using ICG camera (KARL STORZ). The outcome of KPE (jaundice clearance with direct bilirubin of <2 mg/dL) was correlated with the bile flow identified by the surgeon and results were computed.

Results:
Fifteen children underwent KPE during this period, out of which 11 children received ICG. After dissection of the hilar plate, good bile drainage was observed from the right and left corners of the portal plate in seven children. Six of these children with good bile flow have been observed to be clearing jaundice. One child despite having good bile flow did not clear jaundice. All four children who had poor bile flow failed to clear jaundice. In children who had received ICG, we were able to predict jaundice clearance with an accuracy of 91% (10 out of 11 children).

Conclusion:
ICG can be used effectively to identify bile flow during KPE and good bile flow observed during surgery correlates with jaundice clearance.
A Hospital-Based Study to Assess Caregiver’s Burden among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors
Authors: Chakrabarty Jyothi , Naik Ashwini 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stroke is a significant health concern worldwide, often resulting in long-term disabilities that require ongoing care and support. Although much attention has been given to survivors of stroke, the role and challenges faced by caregivers in providing this support are often underestimated. This study aimed to examine the burden among stroke survivors’ caregivers.

Objectives:
To identify the caregiver burden among caregivers of stroke survivors admitted to our hospital.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 300 primary caregivers of 300 first-ever stroke patients who consented to participate were administered the Zarit burden interview scale at the 90-day follow-up visit. The clinical and demographic information of the stroke patients and caregivers were gathered along with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 90 days. The study used descriptive statistical methods, frequencies, and percentages.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 65.7 ± 14.21 years, and 60% of the patients had hypertension. During follow-up, 97.7% of patients maintained a GCS score ranging from 12 to 15. During the data collection, 3.3% of the participants were receiving NG, 4.3% exhibited urinary incontinence, and 1.0% had severe disability. A total of 17.7% used insurance services. The mean age of the caregivers was 44.8 (±23.7), 16.6% had experience caring for stroke patients, and 45.3% had given 3–4 hours of patient care. The data regarding caregiver burden assessed from the Zarit burden interview scale revealed that 170 (56.1%) of the caregivers felt that they did not have enough money to care for their relatives or the remainder of their expenses. Most participants, 168 (55.44%), felt uncomfortable about having friends over because of their relatives. Most participants (166 (54.78)) felt uncertain about what to do with their relatives.

Conclusions:
Supporting individuals who have had a stroke places a significant burden on those providing care, with many experiencing a significant burden ranging from moderate to severe. The study suggested that stroke rehabilitation services must address caregivers’ concerns while comprehensively focusing on patients’ recovery.
Teaching and Learning Pathology: A Change in Approach can make the Difference
Authors: Vimal Shruti , Viswanathan Vidya , Nair Rahul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pathology has been known as a bridging subject in the medical curriculum. However, in view of the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era the significance of general physician and primary caregiver cannot be denied. So, a basic change is a curriculum, and making the subject more clinically and practice oriented is a necessity we must oblige. With advanced planning, we bought a few changes in the teaching and learning methodologies of pathology.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study. It was conducted to understand the importance of pathology, its significance as a bridging subject from the perspective of students, and the impact the change in teaching and learning methods can bring. We planned and adopted newer teaching and learning methods in various headings, and an extensive questionnaire was prepared, which was pre-validated. The internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results:
The students had a mixed perception of pathology, and they found it difficult (51%), lengthy (70%), and interesting (67%). The integration and alignment of the subjects helped the students. The various tools of blended learning incorporated by us with didactic lectures also got a positive response from the students. Small group teaching and skills training have taken a new dynamism in current trends. The students could relate well to exercises of hematology, blood banking, and papanicolaou stain (PAP) smear conduct and assessment. We created a virtual museum, which was appreciated by 95% of the students.

Conclusion:
The study emphasized the fact that with advances in technology and changing trends a more comprehensive approach to teaching and learning is the need of the hour. Blended learning, small group, and interactive teaching will help make the undergraduate medical student of today a sound clinician of tomorrow.
Psychological Distress, Domestic Violence, and Coping Mechanism of Wives of Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome During Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) in India: A Cross-sectional and Institutional-based Study
Authors: Gaga Jatwinder Kaur , Paul Fayaz Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Alcohol dependence specifically leads to intimate partner violence and it is associated with a variety of outcomes including phobias, depression, anxiety, substance dependence, somatization, and suicidal ideation. The aim of this study is to assess the psychological distress, domestic violence, and coping mechanisms of wives of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Material and Methods:
The study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital Sector 32, Chandigarh. Sixty wives whose husbands were diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome as per the ICD-10 criteria were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The researcher used the Socio-demographics Performa, Questionnaire for Spouse (Wife) Responses on alcohol use by husband, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Domestic Violence Questionnaire (DVQ), and the Brief-COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory.

Results:
The results of the study highlight that 18.3% of participants are having mild distress, 28.3% are living under moderate distress, and 46.7% of participants are having severe distress. A significant difference between psychological violence before lockdown (3.42 ± 1.84) and during lockdown (5.11 ± 3.27), physical violence before lockdown (4.71 ± 2.15) and during lockdown (5.37 ± 3.30), sexual violence before lockdown (3.25 ± 1.95) and during lockdown (5.63 ± 2.13), all the three responses come significant at P < 0.001 level.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study underscores the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures on the well-being of wives grappling with the dual challenges of navigating a public health crisis and coping with a husband suffering from alcohol dependence syndrome. The identified distress among these individuals highlights the urgent need for comprehensive mental health and psychosocial interventions. By implementing targeted strategies and support systems, healthcare professionals and policymakers can contribute to alleviating the burden faced by these wives, fostering resilience, and promoting overall family well-being during these unprecedented times.