bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-year follow-up of participants in the BreastScreen Victoria pilot trial of tomosynthesis versus mammography: breast density-stratified screening outcomes
Authors: Houssami Nehmat , Lockie Darren , Giles Michelle , Noguchi Naomi , Marr Georgina , Marinovich M Luke 
Published: May 2023

Objective: This follow-up study of BreastScreen Victoria’s pilot trial of digital breast tomosynthesis aimed to report interval cancer rates, screening sensitivity, and density-stratified outcomes for tomosynthesis vs mammography screening. Methods: Prospective pilot trial [ACTRN-12617000947303] in Maroondah BreastScreen recruited females ≥ 40 years presenting for screening (August 2017–November 2018) to DBT; concurrent screening participants who received mammography formed a comparison group. Follow-up of 24 months from screen date was used to ascertain interval cancers; automated breast density was measured. Results: There were 48 screen-detected and 9 interval cancers amongst 4908 tomosynthesis screens, and 34 screen-detected and 16 interval cancers amongst 5153 mammography screens. Interval cancer rate was 1.8/1000 (95%CI 0.8–3.5) for tomosynthesis vs 3.1/1000 (95%CI 1.8–5.0) for mammography (p = 0.20). Sensitivity of tomosynthesis (86.0%; 95% CI 74.2–93.7) was significantly higher than mammography (68.0%; 95% CI 53.3–80.5), p = 0.03. Cancer detection rate (CDR) of 9.8/1000 (95%CI 7.2–12.9) for tomosynthesis was higher than that of 6.6/1000 (95%CI 4.6–9.2) for mammography (p = 0.08); density-stratified analyses showed CDR was significantly higher for tomosynthesis than mammography (10.6/1000 vs 3.5/1000, p = 0.03) in high-density screens. Recall rate for tomosynthesis was significantly higher than for mammography (4.2% vs  3.0%, p < 0.001), and this increase in recall for tomosynthesis was evident only in high-density screens (5.6% vs  2.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although interval cancer rates did not significantly differ between screened groups, sensitivity was significantly higher for tomosynthesis than mammography screening. Advances in knowledge: In a program-embedded pilot trial, both increased cancer detection and recall rates from tomosynthesis were predominantly observed in high-density screens.
Development of deep learning model and evaluation in real clinical practice of lingual mandibular bone depression (Stafne cyst) on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Ha Eun-Gyu , Jeon Kug Jin , Lee Chena , Kim Hak-Sun , Han Sang-Sun 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Lingual mandibular bone depression (LMBD) is a developmental bony defect in the lingual aspect of the mandible that does not require any surgical treatment. It is sometimes confused with a cyst or another radiolucent pathologic lesion on panoramic radiography. Thus, it is important to differentiate LMBD from true pathological radiolucent lesions requiring treatment. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model for the fully automatic differential diagnosis of LMBD from true pathological radiolucent cysts or tumors on panoramic radiographs without a manual process and evaluate the model’s performance using a test dataset that reflected real clinical practice. Methods: A deep learning model using the EfficientDet algorithm was developed with training and validation data sets (443 images) consisting of 83 LMBD patients and 360 patients with true pathological radiolucent lesions. The test data set (1500 images) consisted of 8 LMBD patients, 53 patients with pathological radiolucent lesions, and 1439 healthy patients based on the clinical prevalence of these conditions in order to simulate real-world conditions, and the model was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using this test data set. Results: The model’s accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were more than 99.8%, and only 10 out of 1500 test images were erroneously predicted. Conclusion: Excellent performance was found for the proposed model, in which the number of patients in each group was composed to reflect the prevalence in real-world clinical practice. The model can help dental clinicians make accurate diagnoses and avoid unnecessary examinations in real clinical settings.
Comparison of Uterine manipulators types in total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Sengul Mustafa , Selim Halime Sen 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare the results of operations of commercial uterine manipulators. Considering that the optimal uterine manipulator is still not found, our goal was to give an idea for gynecologists to choose the most suitable uterine manipulator for their purposes and expectations.
Methods: Between January 2016 and September 2021, 294 laparoscopic hysterectomy cases met the inclusion criteria and were operated in İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. They were divided into four groups according to the type of manipulator used. Group-1 (RUMI-I), Group-2 (Clermont-Ferrand), Group-3 (sharp intrauterine curette-tenaculum), and Group-4 (without uterine manipulator). All four groups were compared with operation time, hospital stay, absolute change in hemoglobin (g/dl), and per-op complications.
Results: Considering the operation times in all groups, the mean operation time in the first Group-was 180 minutes (98-349); in Group-2 was 159 minutes (96-564); in the 3rd Group was 178 minutes (141-540); in the 4th Group was 189 minutes (115-453). The group with the shortest operation time was Group-2; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.015). In general terms, the effect of all manipulators on patient parameters wasn’t very different. Clermont-Ferrand seems more advantageous than others in making the surgeon’s work more straightforward regarding operation time only.
Conclusions: In our study, the choice of uterine manipulator did not affect the surgical results except for the duration of the operation. The personalization of uterine manipulators according to the needs of the surgery and the easiness of use of the surgeon should be at the forefront.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6728
How to cite this: Sengul M, Selim HS. Comparison of Uterine manipulators types in total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6728
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation of HbA1c with Serum Iron & Transferrin Saturation in Non-Diabetic Patients with Iron Deficiency
Authors: Darshan Kumar  , Rasheed Tazeen , Bader Faiyaz Zuberi  , Rabiah Sadaf  , Faiza Sadaqat Ali  
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine correlation of HbA1c with serum iron and transferrin saturation in non-diabetic patients with iron deficiency.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from 15th September 2021 to 14th March 2022, on non-diabetic patients based on fasting blood sugar (FBS) of <100 mg/dl. Patients were divided into two groups. Group one included patients having iron deficiency anemia (ID), whereas group two included same number of age and sex matched healthy subjects taken as controls, without ID. Blood sample was taken for HbA1c, CBC, serum iron and total iron binding capacity. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated. Comparison of quantitative variables with ID and non-ID group was done by Student’s t-test. Correlation of HbA1c with iron &TSAT was done in both groups using Kendal tau-b test, as data was not normally distributed.
Results: Out of 230 patients, 83 (36.1%) were males while 147(63.9%) were females. Mean age of patients was 43.7±13.28 years. Mean HbA1c level was significantly high in ID group (5.89±0.43) as compared to non-ID group (5.52±0.50) with a p-value <.001. The HbA1c levels correlated negatively with hemoglobin, serum iron levels and transferrin saturation with a p-value <.001.
Conclusion: Low serum Iron and TSAT was related to elevation in HbA1c value. Iron deficiency needs to be corrected before HbA1c interpretation.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6964
How to cite this: Kumar D, Rasheed T, Zuberi BF, Sadaf R, Ali FS. Correlation of HbA1c with Serum Iron & Transferrin Saturation in Non-Diabetic Patients with Iron Deficiency. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6964
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical effect and safety of targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced colon cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Zhi , Lin Qian 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced colon cancer.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. The subjects of this study were 120 patients with advanced colon cancer who were admitted to The No.2 Hospital of Baoding from November 30, 2019 to November 30, 2021. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 60 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given F0LF0X4 regimen, while those in the study group were provided with Bevacizumab therapy on the basis of the method in the control group. All patients were evaluated after two cycles of treatment. The comparison of outcome measures included the curative effects, adverse drug reactions, improvement of quality-of-life scores and changes in tumor markers between the two groups.
Results: The total effective rate of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups. After treatment, the study group had a significantly higher rate of improved quality of life score, while the obviously lower rate of the aggravated score than those in the control group. The levels of CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment.
Conclusion: Targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy is a safe and effective therapeutic option that has a definite curative effect in the treatment of patients with advanced colon cancer.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7105
How to cite this: Zhang T, Liu Z, Lin Q. Clinical effect and safety of targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced colon cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7105
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessing trait emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress and health behaviour in the education sector: An empirical study from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Pandey Mamta , Sharma Deepti , Kamboj NK 
Published: May 2023

Background: Emotional intelligence of teachers can affect their mental and physical health as well their performance in school. Both emotional intelligence and health behavior can have an impact on stress. The majority of Indian studies have examined only one type of teacher, have used indigenous scales which are not internationally valid, and have not studied health behaviour. The role of age and gender on emotional intelligence is also a debatable subject which requires larger studies The present study was undertaken to evaluate the trait emotional intelligence, stress and health behaviour of teachers and to determine their inter-relationship and to assess the role of demographic and professional attributes on emotional intelligence. Methods: Teachers from different schools, colleges and professional institutes situated in Dehradun and nearby towns in the state of Uttarakhand, India were evaluated by internationally valid tools for the three parameters. Results: Emotional Intelligence of teachers has no relation with age, gender, educational qualification, level of teaching or type of institute. It has a negative correlation with stress and a positive correlation with health behaviour. Further, health behaviour is inversely related to stress. Conclusions: Assessment of emotional intelligence and health behaviour of teachers should be a part of their routine evaluation and training so that specific interventions to reduce stress and to improve their overall health and performance can be appropriately planned.
Knowledge and eating habits of CrossFit trainees
Authors: Oleksiuk Klaudia , Grot Martina , Greń Maria , Grajek Mateusz , Krupa-Kotara Karolina 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Achieving high performance in sports is the result of many factors, both exo and endogenous. Proper nutrition is the basis of the so-called healthy lifestyle, health care and prevention of diet-related diseases. Physical activity is an extremely important component and carries a number of benefits that affect mental, physical and social well-being. Failure to provide sufficient energy, can lead to decreased performance, delayed recovery processes or loss of muscle mass. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and nutritional habits of CrossFit trainees.
Material and methods. 131 people were surveyed; the questionnaire was posted on the CrossFit Poland forum. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. The results were collected in a database in Microsoft Excel 2010 MS Office Package and statistically analyzed using Statistica 12. In the statistical evaluation of the relationship between characteristics, a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was adopted. Results. In a survey of the knowledge and eating habits of CrossFit trainees, about 50% of respondents declare that they eat regularly. In addition, 50.5% state a moderate level of knowledge about healthy eating, while 33% state a high level. There is a high incidence of dietary supplement intake, accounting for 78.5%. As the frequency of training increases, the amount of supplements consumed increases. Conclusions. A significant part of the study group declares a very good or moderate level of knowledge of rational nutrition, which influences the choice of and regularity of the meals consumed in this group of Crossfit trainers.
Primary Membranous Nephropathy - what do we know today?
Authors: Wais Marcin , Warchoł Konrad , Jasiura Adam , Wójcik Aleksandra , Giżewska Kamila 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, characterized by the deposition of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane.
Aim of this study: evaluate the features of PMN such as incidence, pathology, clinical features and assess the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy.
Materials and Methods: The review was based on articles found in PubMed database, using keyword „primary membranous nephropathy” with appropriate sufixes.
Results: PMN is a challenging disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Laboratory tests, including assessment of autoantibodies and complement levels, are essential for the diagnosis of PMN. Immunosuppressive therapy can be effective in inducing remission in a significant proportion of patients.
Conclusions: Further research is needed to optimize the duration and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy, and to evaluate the role of newer therapies such as rituximab and belimumab.
Time Is Not Money! Temporal Preferences for Time Investments and Entry into Entrepreneurship
Authors: Gutierrez Cédric , Sloof Randolph , Crilly Donal 
Published: May 2023

Starting a business requires investing both money and time in the hope of future financial benefits. Because investments and potential gains happen over time, the way in which individuals value the future relative to the present—that is, their temporal preferences—may be an important driver behind the decision to become an entrepreneur. Whereas existing research examines temporal preferences for financial gains, we advance this research by theorizing about temporal preferences not only for money, but also for the future time commitments that entrepreneurship entails. Results from a laboratory-in-the-field study show that individuals who heavily discount future time investments are more likely to become entrepreneurs. In two follow-up studies, we confirm that recent start-up founders discount future time investments more than salaried workers. We also provide suggestive evidence of the mechanisms at play: recent start-up founders perceive the future differently than salaried workers, both viewing themselves as more agentic vis-à-vis the future and perceiving the future as more distant. We discuss the implications of temporal preferences—not only for money, but also for time—for understanding the behavioral drivers of entrepreneurship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1681 .
Indirect restorations: an update
Authors: Mackenzie Louis , Banerji Subir , Bonsor Stephen J , Parmar Dipesh 
Published: May 2023

Indirect restorative procedures are integral to clinical dentistry. Over the past 50 years however, minimally invasive, direct adhesive restorative techniques have gradually replaced many of the indications for traditional indirect restorations. While numerous indirect procedures are still carried out every year, multiple studies have demonstrated that these restorations have limited longevity and are subject to a wide range of clinical complications, including the reduction in lifespan of the restored teeth and an increased risk of dento-legal problems. This article provides an update on the current status of indirect restorations and presents a comprehensive step-by-step guide to optimising all clinical stages, including case selection, patient assessment, diagnosis, aesthetic considerations, treatment planning, tooth preparation design, impression techniques, temporization, cementation and maintenance. CPD/Clinical Relevance: In contemporary dental practice there is a reduced need for indirect restorations. When indicated however, all clinical stages must be optimised to maximize longevity and minimise complications.
Dental implants: what challenges and opportunities are there on our horizon?
Authors: George Pynadath 
Published: May 2023

Dental implantology has revolutionized the dental profession by providing a practical and aesthetically pleasing replacement for lost or missing teeth. This article takes a comprehensive look at the history of dental implantology from the discovery of osseo-integration to the current practice of using conventional to zygomatic implants with bone grafts and soft tissue grafts. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge regarding the current status of dental implants is of value to clinicians.
Clinical characterization and factors associated with quality of life in Long COVID patients: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Samper-Pardo Mario , León-Herrera Sandra , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Gascón-Santos Santiago , Sánchez-Recio Raquel 
Published: May 2023

Background
Long COVID patients suffer a negative impact on their quality of life, as well as their functioning, productivity or socialization. There is a need to better understand the individual experience and circumstances surrounding these patients.

Objective
To characterize clinical picture of Long COVID patients and to identify factors associated with quality of life.

Methods
A secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) was carried out with 100 Long COVID patients treated by Primary Health Care and residents in the territory of Aragon (northeast of Spain). The main variable of the study was quality of life, evaluated using the SF-36 Questionnaire, in relation to socio-demographic and clinical variables. In addition, ten validated scales were used that contemplated their cognitive, affective, functional and social status, as well as personal constructs. Correlation statistics and linear regression model were calculated.

Results
Long COVID patients suffer a decrease in their levels of physical and mental health. On the one hand, the higher number of persistent symptoms (b = -0.900, p = 0.008), worse physical functioning (b = 1.587, p = 0.002) and sleep quality (b = -0.538, p = 0.035) are predictors of worse quality of life, physical subscale. On the other hand, higher educational level (b = 13.167, p = 0.017), lower number of persistent symptoms (b = -0.621, p = 0.057) and higher affective affectation (b = -1.402, p<0.001) are predictors of worse quality of life, mental subscale.

Conclusion
It is necessary to design rehabilitation programs that consider both the physical and mental health of these patients, thus obtaining an improvement in their quality of life.
Characterizing the One Health workforce to promote interdisciplinary, multisectoral approaches in global health problem-solving
Authors: Togami Eri , Behravesh Casey Barton , Dutcher Tracey V. , Hansen Gail R. , King Lonnie J. , Pelican Katharine M. , Mazet Jonna A. K. 
Published: May 2023

Background
In recognition of the interconnected nature of complex challenges such as COVID-19, a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach, referred to as One Health, has been employed to address sustainable development and strengthen global health security. Although significant investments have been made to build global health capacity, characterization of the One Health is absent from the literature.

Methods and findings
We collected and analyzed perspectives from students, graduates, workers, and employers in One Health through a multinational online survey across health disciplines and sectors. Respondents were recruited through professional networks. A total of 828 respondents from 66 countries participated, representing governmental and academic institutions and students, among others; 57% were female, and 56% had completed professional health degrees. Interpersonal communication, communication with non-scientific audiences, and the ability to work in transdisciplinary teams were valued in the workplace and were considered essential competencies to build an interdisciplinary health workforce. Employers indicated difficulty recruiting workers, while workers indicated limited availability of positions. Employers identified limited funding and ill-defined career pathways as prominent challenges for retaining One Health workers.

Conclusions
Successful One Health workers use interpersonal skills and scientific knowledge to address complex health challenges. Aligning the definition of One Health will likely improve the matching of job seekers and employers. Encouraging the employment of the One Health approach for a diverse range of positions, even if they do not explicitly include “One Health” in the job title, and clarifying the expectations, roles and responsibilities within a transdisciplinary team will lead to building a stronger workforce. As One Health has evolved to address food insecurity, emerging diseases, and antimicrobial resistance, it holds promise for supporting an interdisciplinary global health workforce that can make substantial progress on Sustainable Development Goals and improve global health security for all.