bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil sorológico dos pacientes com suspeita clínica de paracoccidiodomicose avaliados pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz no ano de 2016
Authors: Mika Kamikawa Camila , Rosa Fernandes Beraldo Karolina , Cupertino Barreto Lúcia , Simioni Zaparoli Mayra , Pardini Vicentini Adriana 
Published: August 2023

Oitenta porcento dos casos de paracoccidioidomicose (PMC) ocorrem no Brasil. As regiõesbrasileiras com maior número de casos são: sul, sudeste e centro-oeste, sendo emergenteno norte e nordeste. A imunodifusão dupla em gel de agarose assume grande importância nodiagnóstico, por permitir o monitoramento da doença e por oferecer subsídios para levantamentossoroepidemiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar e caracterizar os pacientes atendidosno Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico das Micoses do Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, em 2016.Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado utilizando-se dados secundários e avaliando-se asseguintes informações: idade, sexo, procedência do pedido médico, resultado e histórico sorológico dospacientes. Dos 1.408 pacientes, 12,8% apresentaram reatividade sorológica para Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.Destes, 42,5% não possuiam histórico sorológico, sendo considerados como casos novos da doença. Aclassificação dos pacientes reagentes por gênero demonstrou que 83,4% eram do sexo masculino, com razãode masculinidade de 5:1. A faixa etária variou de um (1) a 92 anos, aproximadamente 40% dos pacienteseram da faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos. Este estudo demonstra e reforça a importância da implementação dosestudos soroepidemiológicos como ferramenta auxiliar para nortear as ações de vigilância e políticas emsaúde na PCM.
Effect of Compression Garments in the Speed Performance among Track and Field and Swimming student-athletes in a Catholic University of the Philippines
Authors: Porto Jerome A. , Alcantara John Paul C. , Belaño Jessiel Tanya L. , Bernal Mae Andrea G. , Caballero Ivana Dianne F. , Casao Bryan Joshua R. , De Leon Jose Martin L. , De Vera Dustine Jorell T. , Porto Analin E. 
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose: Speed is critical for sports such as swimming and track and field. One of the sports industry's solutions is compression garments to enhance athletic performance. This study aims to determine the effect of short and long compression garments on the speed performance of track and field and swimming athletes of the University of Santo Tomas.
Methodology: The researchers used quantitative and experimental methods. This study focused on the athletes of the track and field and swimming teams of the University of Santo Tomas. The researchers conducted the study at the open field and swimming pool within the vicinity of the University; 14 athletes from track and field and 16 from the swimming team were invited to participate in the 60M Sprint Test and Critical Swim Speed Test.
Results: The study shows a slight difference in the speed performance of track and field athletes when using short compression garments (7.54m/s) and long compression garments (7.44m/s). While swimming, the speed performance when using a long compression garment (1.450m/s) is higher than the short compression garment (1.512m/s). Both swimming (0.887) and track and field (0.559) show no significant difference in using the compression garment.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Based on the study, there is a minimal difference in using long compression garments against short compression garments. Therefore, the researchers recommend using long compression garments since this garment slightly increases participants' speed which is vital in any sport measuring speed to win a race. The researchers recommend further study by increasing the number of participants, only endurance athletes participants, and including the materials used in making the garments. This further helps the claim that long and short compression garments affect speed performance regardless of sports or events.
Grounds for the release of minors from criminal liability and punishment with the use of coercive measures of educational influence
Authors: Беларева О.А. 
Published: August 2023

В статье рассматриваются и анализируются основания освобождения от уголовной ответственности и наказания с применением принудительных мер воспитательного воздействия. Автор указывает на ошибки, допущенные законодателем при формулировании таких оснований в уголовно-правовых и уголовно-процессуальных нормах, предлагает пути их исправления. В статье приведены и критически оценены примеры из судебной практики по применению ст. 90 и 92 УК РФ, в которых вопрос о возможности исправления с применением воспитательных мер фактически не исследовался либо рассматривался формально, личности несовершеннолетних изучались поверхностно. Обращается внимание на обстоятельства, подлежащие учету и оценке при решении вопроса о возможности исправления несовершеннолетнего с применением мер воспитательного воздействия. Автор указывает на необходимость законодательного решения вопроса о возможности и порядке применения мер воспитательного воздействия к лицам, чье совершеннолетие наступает раньше истечения установленных в ст. 91 УК РФ сроков, если их исправление возможно с применением мер воспитательного воздействия. На основе проведенного анализа вносится ряд рекомендаций и предложений по изменению и дополнению действующего уголовного законодательства и практики его применения.
The article discusses and analyzes the grounds for exemption from criminal liability and punishment with the use of coercive measures of educational influence. The author points out the mistakes made by the legislator when formulating such grounds in criminal law and criminal procedure norms, and suggests ways to correct them. The article presents and critically evaluates examples from judicial practice on the application of art. 90 and 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in which the question of the possibility of correction with the use of educational measures was not actually investigated, or was considered formally, the personalities of minors were studied superficially. Attention is drawn to the circumstances to be taken into account and evaluated when deciding on the possibility of correcting a minor with the use of educational measures. The author pointed out the need for a legislative solution to the issue of the possibility and procedure for the application of
To the question of identification of the level of corruption, corruption risks arising in the implementation by the employees of the functions assigned to them in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Александров А.С. , Санташова Л.Л. 
Published: August 2023

В статье анализируются материалы проведенного исследования (мониторинга) уровня коррупции среди работников учреждений и органов УИС, дислоцированных в Сибирском и Дальневосточном федеральных округах. Авторами представлены некоторые причины и условия возникновения коррупционных рисков среди сотрудников УИС, обозначены наиболее опасные детерминанты их возникновения с учетом мнения сотрудников оперативных подразделений, воспитательных службы, отделов режима, надзора и безопасности. Обозначены научная и практическая необходимость антикоррупционных мер, принимаемых в правоохранительной сфере. Представлена авторская позиция по вопросам профилактики коррупционного поведения среди сотрудников исправительных учреждений и следственных изоляторов.
The article analyzes the materials of the study (monitoring) of the level of corruption among the employees of the penitentiary system stationed in the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. The authors present some causes and conditions for the emergence of corruption risks among the employees of the penal system, identify the most dangerous determinants of their occurrence, taking into account the opinions of employees of operational units, educational services, regime, supervision and security departments. The scientific and practical necessity of anti-corruption measures taken in the law enforcement sphere is indicated. The author’s position on the issues of prevention of corrupt behavior among employees of correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers is presented.
Mammals of the Sahyadri
Authors: Nalavade Sanjeev B. 
Published: August 2023

The Sahyadri, also known as the Northern Western Ghats, is a significant mountain range covering around 65,000 km2 across the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Goa. Once lush with forests, much of the area now suffers from deforestation. The dominant forest type is deciduous, with occasional evergreen and semi-evergreen patches. Politically, the region spans three states and comprises 12 districts.
Early studies on the region's fauna date back over a century, with researchers like W. H. Sykes and T. C. Jerdon contributing to mammal collections. The establishment of the Bombay Natural History Society in 1883 marked a milestone in Indian natural history research.
Notable work on the area's bat fauna was done by Brosset in the 1960s. The Sahyadri is home to a diverse range of mammals, with species falling into categories of abundance, commonness, occasional occurrence, rarity, and unknown status. The concentration of species decreases as one moves northward along the Western Ghats.
The Sahyadri holds a unique place in Indian zoogeography, with approximately 70% of the vertebrate fauna (including 80% of mammals) found in the region. However, habitat loss and other factors are threatening the survival of certain species, with some facing the risk of becoming locally extinct.
THE ENCHANTING SHRINE OF KASHMIR: UNVEILING THE LEGACY OF KHAWAJA HASSAN QARI
Authors: Reyaz Ahmad Bhat  , Ishfaq Ahmad Mir  
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive case study exploring the remarkable shrine of Kashmir, focusing on the profound legacy of Khawaja Hassan Qari. The study delves into the historical, cultural, and religious significance of the shrine, shedding light on its enchanting allure and the enduring impact of Khawaja Hassan Qari's contributions. Through extensive research and analysis, this paper aims to unveil the captivating narrative of the shrine and highlight the intricate details of Khawaja Hassan Qari's life and teachings. The findings offer valuable insights into the rich heritage of Kashmir and the spiritual heritage left behind by this revered figure.
Multi-Contract Arbitrations and Single Commercial Transactions: A Fresh Method of Analysis
Authors: Jhanwar Soumil 
Published: August 2023

It is well known that the commercial transactions in today’s world are excessively complex, involving multiple stakeholders and multiple contracts, all of which work towards a singular unified aim. This article discusses how the complexity of commercial transactions has led to the proliferation of the permissibility of multi-contract arbitrations in jurisdictions across the globe. However, analysis of the cases across jurisdictions reveals that there is neither a uniform nor a logical method used by courts/tribunals across the world for assessment of the permissibility of multi-contract arbitrations. This article proposes a novel method for assessment of the permissibility of multi-contract arbitrations in such complex commercial scenarios, which is coined as the ‘fragmented consent framework’. This framework breaks down the concept of ‘consent’ in arbitration into four separate elements, namely ‘consent to the dispute’, ‘consent to the tribunal’, ‘consent to the procedure’ and ‘consent to the opposite/other arbitrating parties’. The articles postulates that while the first three elements of consent are essential, the last element ought not to be considered necessary while determining whether a multi-contract arbitration is permissible in a given scenario. The article concludes by demonstrating how the fragmented consent framework isan ideal method for dealing with multi-contract arbitration requests, and ought to be uniformly used by courts/tribunals across jurisdictions.
Joinder, Consolidation, Multi-contract, Consent, Multi-party
Repaying an Unlawfully Paid Dividend
Authors: Grier Nicholas 
Published: August 2023

It is well settled that directors are jointly and severally liable for an unlawfully paid dividend, being one that is not paid out of distributable profits. Strict rules apply to the meaning of distributable profits and the authorization of the payment of a dividend. What is not so clear is when a member may retain an unlawfully paid dividend. Section 847 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) indicates that a member must repay it if he knows that it is unlawfully paid, though it is not clear what constitutes ‘knowing’ in this content, or what the position should be if a member does not immediately know if the payment is unlawful, but subsequently discovers that it is. Case law is not especially helpful in dealing with this point. It is suggested that a solution to this gap in the law may be found in the precise wording of section 847, and that a member’s liability to repay should be limited to a period of six months after payment (similar to an unfair preference).
Directors, Liability, Shareholders, Dividends, Unlawful distribution
VAT in the Digital Age Package: Singling Out the Single VAT Registration
Authors: van der Doef Bart , Merkx Madeleine , Gruson John , Verbaan Naomie 
Published: August 2023

Intro: In this article the authors address the single VAT registration part of the proposals for the VAT in the Digital Age initiative tabled by the European Commission on 8 December 2022. The authors discuss the most important proposed rules that are likely to enter into force in 2024 and 2025. This article takes the opportunity to analyse the proposals before the possible adoption by the Council and the subsequent application and proposes possible improvements.
VAT (Value Added Tax), EU VAT system, VAT in the Digital Age, reverse charge rule, transfer of own goods, e-commerce, platform liability, OSS, I-OSS, VAT collection, legislative process
Decentralized Energy Generation for Sustainable Energy Development in EU
Authors: Byttebier Koen , Luis Cordova José Grabiel , Delgado Triana Yanelys 
Published: August 2023

Human history has been the story of the constant search for energy, e.g., in terms of food conversion to energy. Early on in its origins, humankind has had to satisfy its energy demand through available energy resources. Although the use of non-renewable energy sources has been perpetuated over time, there are currently many strategies implemented by states to develop energy transition for sustainable development. An example of this is the emergence of decentralization initiatives such as prosumers and energy communities. Within the European Union, the Directives 2018/2001 and 2019/944 open a broad regulatory framework for this type of practice. In the face of the challenges imposed by the so-called energy transition towards more environmentally friendly forms of energy (= ‘green energy’) and climate change, energy democracy plays a key role. These initiatives have currently yielded important results where individuals and communities have become increasingly empowered and have become important actors in energy generation from renewable energy sources. The general objective of this research is to substantiate the need for decentralized energy generation transitions. The main results of the research are the assessment of the legal framework for initiatives in decentralized energy generation in the European Union and the identification of good practices in the European context.
energy decentralization initiatives, sustainable energy development, European Union, Energy Law, Energy Policy, energy prosumerism, energy communities, EU Law, energy market, energy consumer empowerment
The Unilateral Turn in EU Trade Policy? The Origins and Characteristics of the EU’s New Trade Instruments
Authors: Kalimo Harri , De Ville Ferdi , Happersberger Simon 
Published: August 2023

The introduction of over half a dozen unilateral European Union (EU) trade policy instruments in the past few years seems to represent a major shift to the EU’s previous focus on bilateral and multilateral avenues. This article investigates the origins of the recent unilateralization of EU trade policy and the main characteristics of the new instruments. What are the new instruments’ goals and why does the EU introduce them now? We identify six key determinants of this trend: the rise of state interventions, increasing sustainability ambitions, a more adverse geopolitical context, the paralysis of the multilateral trading system, the resistance to bilateral trade agreements and changing preferences within key Member States. The instruments can be divided in three clusters focused on competitiveness, sustainability, and security. They share to a larger or lesser degree five key features: reciprocity, deterrence, built-in engagement, extension of internal policies, and the pursuit of international public goods. Our analysis points at a unilateral turn with EU characteristics, offering a framework for studying trade unilateralization in comparative perspective.
EU, Trade Policy, Unilateralization, Geopoliticization, Bilateralism, Multilateralism, Sustainability
Are EU GSP Withdrawals and CFSP Sanctions Becoming More Alike?
Authors: Portela Clara 
Published: August 2023

At their inception in the early 1990s, conditionality clauses were introduced in the General Scheme of Preferences (GSP) as an instrument for the protection and promotion of labour standards and human rights in the Global South. Conditionality in the GSP as an instrument of development and trade policy was conceived as separate from foreign policy tools in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Notwithstanding the very limited suspension practice, previous research highlighted indications of political contamination in withdrawal decisions. This article explores the question as to whether GSP withdrawals are becoming more similar to CFSP sanctions. Relying primarily on policy documents and legislation, the article discusses the evolution of GSP conditionality from its origins to present, including the proposal for a new Regulation governing the GSP tabled by the Commission in July 2021 and currently under consideration. With this aim in mind, it first outlines the evolution of the design of withdrawal mechanisms, taking issue with the changing focus of the GSP conditionality, which has expanded considerably while withdrawal practice remains marginal. Following that, the implications of the identified trend(s) for the European Union (EU) are teased out.
Economic sanctions, GSP, EU trade policy, labour standards, human rights, CFSP
The Foreign Subsidies Regulation: Calling Foul While Upping the Ante?
Authors: Blockx Jan , Mattiolo Pierfrancesco 
Published: August 2023

EU Regulation 2022/2560 on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market (the Foreign Subsidies Regulation, FSR) is a unilateral tool designed to fill a perceived regulatory gap in the existing EU and WTO rules on foreign subsidies. After a description of the new Regulation, this paper demonstrates that the FSR follows in the footsteps of a long European tradition of scepticism towards EU Member State subsidization in the internal market, but that it also arises in a context where the EU’s approach to subsidization as a tool in international trade has been more ambiguous, combining initiatives to fight government subsidies (the ‘defensive’ approach) with examples of the active use and promotion of subsidization (the ‘offensive’ approach). The paper subsequently aims to forecast how the FSR’s implementation will be affected by contextual factors, such as the perceived crisis of globalization and the crisis of the WTO, and the resurgence of industrial policy in the United States (e.g., the US Inflation Reduction Act) and in the EU itself (where various recent initiatives facilitate the granting of subsidies), as well as by factors internal to the Regulation, such as its dependence on policy choices and certain practical challenges to its application.
FSR, subsidies, state aid, competition, international trade, industrial policy, WTO
Reciprocity as Security: Reconsidering Third Country Access to European Critical Infrastructure Procurement
Authors: Meershoek Nathan 
Published: August 2023

EU public procurement law provides different options for preventing geopolitically undesirable dependency on third country suppliers in critical infrastructure. Their effectiveness solely depends, however, on the willingness of national authorities to use those. Recently, the EU therefore adopted the International Procurement Instrument (IPI) Regulation, within the sphere of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP), to condition the access to public contracts for third country entities on reciprocity. This article explores the security dimension of this issue. After generally considering the role of sovereignty as a limit to international trade, the article specifies the security risks which may arise in a public procurement context and sets out the legal options for Member States to address those. The article then discusses how security intrinsically shapes CCP instruments and how the new regulation could indicate a shift in the EU’s role, from facilitating legal options for Member States, towards the Commission itself restricting the market access for certain third countries. Although such bans ought to be based on a lack of reciprocity rather than security, in times of weaponized dependencies the security dimension is undeniable. When considering interdependence as a stabilizing force in international relations, reciprocity itself has in fact become a security objective.
EU law, Public Procurement, National Security, Critical Infrastructure, Common Commercial Policy, International Procurement Instrument, Economic Interdependence, Sovereignty, World Trade Organization, Government Procurement Agreement
Efficiency Analysis Of National Zakat Management Organization With Data Envelopment Analysis (Study on Rumah Zakat, Pos Keadilan Peduli Umat, and Baitul Maal Hidayatullah)
Authors: Asib Dwi Kuryanto  
Published: August 2023

This study discusses the efficiency level of National Zakat Management Organization in the period 2020 to 2021. This study aims to determine the level of efficiency of performance of 3 National Zakat Management Organizations namely Rumah Zakat, PKPU, and Baitul Maal Hidayatullah. Objects studied are the financial statements of the period 2020 to 2021. The method used is DEA using approach to production and intermediation approach. In the intermediation approach the input variables used are funds received, operational costs and personnel costs and output variables are funds disbursed, fixed assets and current assets. In the production approach input variables used are the costs required such as personnel costs, operational costs, other costs, and fixed assets. The output variables are channeled funds and funds received. The results of this study indicate that PKPU, Rumah Zakat, and Baitul Maal Hidayatullah show an efficient performance as an intermediation institution from year to year and as the only production institution just Rumah Zakat only show efficient performance.