bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does blue light affect sleep quality or performance? – empirical research based on anonymous surveys among medical students and physicians
Authors: Grużewska-Piotrowska Kinga , Grużewska Agnieszka , Pająk Monika 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Nowadays, more and more people use electronic devices. As the amount of time spent using them has increased, so has the quality of sleep. People go to bed later, and the process of falling asleep is delayed. In addition, sleep time is reduced, which translates into sleep deprivation. Many people think that blue light is only emitted from digital screens, but it is nothing new - it is part of the light emitted. Light is the most important factor regulating the circadian rhythms of the human body. All types of visible light can affect circadian rhythms, but blue light has the greatest impact.
The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess if blue light affects sleep quality and performance by empirical research based on anonymous surveys among medical students and physicians.
Materials and methods: The research material was collected using an anonymous online survey in May 2023. The obtained results were analyzed and verified on the basis of scientific literature and statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel.
Results: 92.3% of the respondents use electronic devices before going to bed, mostly the phone, and the time of using usually ranges from 30 minutes to 1 hour. Most of the people filling the questionnaire sleep on average 5-6 hours at night, of which as many as 81.7% declare that their sleep is not of good quality. 91.3% of respondents know what blue light is, but only 22.1% use protection against it before sleep.
Conclusion: Exposure to blue light can affect sleep, performance and well-being. An important negative effect of exposure to blue light is a reduction in the quality and length of sleep, which can negatively affect performance. It is believed that in order to maintain a healthy circadian rhythm, it is necessary not only to increase the proportion of blue light in artificial light during the day, but also to reduce the amount of that light in the evening and night hours.
Screening in Multistage Contests
Authors: Khorasani Sina , Nittala Lakshminarayana , Krishnan Vish V. 
Published: July 2023

Problem definition: Firms seek to use the contest format to source solutions from a broader network of outside solvers. We study the application of the contest approach in multistage settings and show how and when screening of contestants between stages can produce improved contest outcomes. Methodology/results: We present an application-driven game-theoretic model to capture imperfections in screening using the true-positive rate (sensitivity) and the true-negative rate (specificity). Specifically, we consider a two-stage contest with a screening decision by the firm between the stages. Solvers face uncertainty about their probability of fit, and the final quality of the solution is dependent on the performance across both stages. We identify two mechanisms through which screening induces greater effort, namely the encouragement effect and the competitive contest effect, and characterize how screening should be tuned to the problem setting. We find that filtering out true negatives in contests with exogenous solvers’ probability of fit is optimal for solution-seeking firms. Our results indicate that in case of problems with endogenous probability of fit and less up-front complexity, coarse (imperfect) screening is beneficial in order to manage competition and stimulate greater effort, but it behooves the firm to resort to more accurate screening otherwise. We also derive nuanced results for the case when a seeker faces screening constraints and must balance screening sensitivity and specificity. Managerial implications: Our work provides firms an additional degree of freedom in terms of specific and sensitive screening to design and run contests and to better engage outside solvers. We derive actionable results and translate them into a managerial framework to help fine-tune the screening mechanism for improved contest performance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0378 .
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in early onset neonatal
Authors: Rompis Johnny Lambert , Wilar Rocky , Rompis Johnny Lambert , Joey Gregory , Takumansang Raynald Octavianus , Lestari Hesti 
Published: July 2023

Objectives Neonatal sepsis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although blood culture is the gold standard of sepsis diagnosis, it often lacks sensitivity and diagnostic speed. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a widely available, effective, simple, and affordable marker that can predict early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS).
Objective To assess the correlation between PLR and EONS as well as the diagnostic value of PLR for predicting EONS.
Methods This study included all inpatient neonates with suspected early-onset neonatal sepsis at Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Neonates were categorized into sepsis (confirmed by positive blood culture results) and non-sepsis (negative blood culture results) groups. Bivariate analysis, including the chi-square test for categorical data and independent t-test for numerical data, was performed to identify any significant associations between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and EONS. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated to determine the optimal PLR cut-off point to predict EONS.
Results In this study, we investigated the relationship between PLR and early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in 176 neonates with suspected EONS. Blood cultures confirmed sepsis in 84 neonates (47.7%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common causative organism. We found a significant positive correlation between PLR and EONS (p<0.001), and a PLR cut-off point of 61.806 was identified to predict EONS with high sensitivity (90.2%) and specificity (85.7%)
Conclusion Our study demonstrates a strong positive correlation between PLR and EONS, and a PLR cut-off point of 61.806 can be used as a valuable marker for predicting EONS in neonates with suspected sepsis. These findings could aid in the early identification and treatment of neonates with sepsis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Überlegungen zu Zahl und Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung in Deutschland im Zusammenhang mit Überlegungen zu den grenzüberschreitenden Wanderungen
Authors: Schwarz Karl 
Published: July 2023

Modellrechnungen ergeben, daß sich die Bevölkerung in Deutschland von heute über 80 Mio. ohne weitere Zuwanderung bis zum Jahr 2030 auf etwa 65 Mio. vermindert, weil je 100 Frauen nur noch ca. 140 Kinder geboren werden. Zur langfristigen Erhaltung des Bevölkerungsstandes wären dagegen rund 210 erforderlich. Für die Deutschen im neuen Bundesgebiet, von heute rund 74 Mio., würden sich nur noch etwa 57 Mio. ergeben. Ferner würde der Bevölkerungsanteil der über 60jährigen von z. Z. etwas über 20 % allmählich auf über 35 % steigen. Bei 210 Kindern je 100 Frauen im Lebensablauf wären dagegen nur knapp 25 % zu erwarten.Zur Erhaltung des gegenwärtigen Bevölkerungsstandes müßten jährlich – per saldo – 300 000 bis 400 000 Personen – je nach den Annahmen über deren Altersstruktur – zuwandern. In 40 Jahren wäre dann fast jeder Vierte Ausländer oder würde von Ausländern abstammen, in den Ballungsgebieten wahrscheinlich jeder Zweite. Eine entscheidende Änderung der Altersgliederung wäre nicht zu erwarten; denn selbst bei der genannten massiven Zuwanderung würde der Anteil der über 60jährigen allmählich fast 35 % erreichen. Es ist also falsch, davon auszugehen, die Probleme der Alterung der Bevölkerung, die sich im Bereich der Sozialversicherungssysteme besonders stark auswirken, könnten durch Einwanderung gelöst werden. Eine solche Betrachtungsweise übersieht, daß nicht nur Kinder zuwandern, daß auch die Einwanderer allmählich älter werden und daß aus Beitrags- und Steuerzahlern mit der Zeit Leistungsempfänger werden.Für die Integration oder gar Assimilation einer Ausländerbevölkerung in der genannten Größenordnung ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, aus welchen Kulturkreisen sie kommen und welche Qualifikationen sie mitbringen.
Die Wanderungsproblematik in Europa aus demographischer, wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Sicht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Deutschlands
Authors: Schmid Josef 
Published: July 2023

Die Bevölkerung des europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes (EG + EFTA) umschließt heute 380 Mio. Menschen. Die Bevölkerungen der Einzelstaaten stehen unter einheitlichen Trends: Die demographischen Indikatoren Westeuropas deuten alle auf Alterung und allmähliche Bevölkerungsabnahme. Fast sämtliche Bevölkerungen des Wirtschaftsraumes weisen – gemessen am Niveau des Generationenersatzes – Geborenendefizite auf, die die Alterung durch das anteilsmäßige Anwachsen der Menschen im Pensionsalter verstärken. Eine von EUROSTAT (1991) vorgenommene Vorausberechnung unterstellt eine jährliche Nettoeinwanderung in die Europäische Gemeinschaft, die 345,1 Mio. Menschen umfaßt, von 250 000 Menschen. Danach würde die EG-Bevölkerung um das Jahr 2000 mit 350,8 Mio. ihren Höhepunkt erreichen und bis zum Jahre 2020 hin auf 338,2 Mio. absinken.Ein wichtiger Beobachtungspunkt sind die jeweiligen Ausländeranteile in den einzelnen Staaten und schließlich die Wanderungspotentiale, die sich vor den Toren Westeuropas aufbauen. 1989 zählte die EG 13,4 Mio. Ausländer, von denen jedoch 5,1 Mio. EG-Bürger eines jeweils anderen Mitgliedstaates waren.Der Eintritt nur noch geburtenschwacher Jahrgänge in die Erwerbsbevölkerung verringert sie insgesamt und erhöht ihre Durchschnittsalter. Neben Technologisierung der Produktion, Höherqualifizierung der schrumpfenden Jugendjahrgänge und Erhöhung des Frauenanteils im Erwerbsleben ist vor allem Einwanderung ein Mittel, Arbeitsmarktlücken zu schließen. Die Auffüllung der Bevölkerungsrückgänge mit außereuropäischen Wanderern ist unvorstellbar, und das gezielte Einwerben von Arbeitskraft hat gesetzliche Voraussetzungen, die für die Europäische Gemeinschaft und Deutschland selbst noch nicht existieren.
Do Labour Standards Improve Employment Relationships in Global Production Networks? A Cross-sector Study in Brazil
Authors: Graz Jean-Christophe , Rocha Lemos Patrícia , Galvão Andréia 
Published: July 2023

Research on private regulation of labour standards in global production networks often highlights their continuing failure despite the fact that lead firms no longer consider them as mere window dressing. Fewer analyses delve into their on-the-ground effectiveness to benefit workers. This article joins a context-specific approach with quantitative analysis to examine whether labour standards used in private regulation improve employment relationships in suppliers of global production networks. Based on a single-country case study of Brazil, we look at the extent of their adoption by suppliers across sectors, their complementarity with national labour institutions, and whether the adoption of labour standards at supplier site level is likely to support labour agency. Our findings show little effectiveness of labour standards against those dimensions. The presence of labour standards at supplier level alone has no significant impact and varies greatly across sectors. It is only if workers are aware of the presence of such standards that it might support their agency when union membership is taken as proxy. Yet, the correlation could also be the other way round: awareness of labour standards depend on being a member of a union in the first place.
KEYWORDS: private regulation; certification; labour standards; corporate social responsibility (CSR); global production networks
TERRA À VISTA: UM GESTO DE LEITURA SOBRE O QUE NOS AFETA
Authors: Machado Rosely Diniz da Diniz da Silva 
Published: July 2023

Neste texto, apresentado durante o Colóquio[1] em homenagem aos 30 anos da publicação do Terra à Vista: discurso do confronto - Velho e Novo Mundo, retomo partes das considerações finais da obra. Busco reiterar a importância desse livro e da sua autora cuja trajetória nos inspira e, singularmente, convida-nos a adentrar, com sutileza, o território da linguagem, apresentando-nos a Análise de Discurso, a partir dos estudos de Michel Pêcheux. A produção intelectual de Orlandi nos brinda com sua potência e fôlego teórico, sempre acompanhada de singular agudeza poética nas reflexões sobre a entremeada trama discursiva do ler, do escrever, do simbolizar, do (a)prender. A obra, em foco, escancara discursos sobre o modo como o Brasil é dito e visto por aqueles que ocupam os lugares do poder. O caráter atemporal desse livro materializa/atualiza o cenário de desgovernança da política brasileira em que se mobilizam “perfídias” travestidas em bravatas, através de palavras desgastadas, puídas, que garimpam espaço por entre remendos e alinhavos, em nome “da ordem e do progresso”, na voz daquele que ocupa o cargo de presidência do país. Ainda que tais discursos persistam, há o espaço para a resistência através de processos de desidentificação frente ao que nos afeta quando o Brasil é falado por nós e pelo(s) outro(s). Por fim, este artigo/ensaio traduz-se numa forma de retomada e de agradecimento à necessária produção teórica de Eni Orlandi que provoca e cutuca, “sem medo”, a “ferida aberta” no nosso país. [1] Refiro-me ao evento “Colóquio 30 anos de terra à vista: um percurso de sentidos” organizado pelo Laboratório de Estudos em Análise de Discurso (LEAD).
Different Forms of Plasticity Interact in Adult Humans
Authors: Sarı İzel D. , Lunghi Claudia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeuroplasticity is maximal during development and declines in adulthood, especially for sensory cortices. On the other hand, the motor and prefrontal cortices retain plasticity throughout the lifespan. This difference has led to a modular view of plasticity in which different brain regions have their own plasticity mechanisms that do not depend or translate on others. Recent evidence shows that visual and motor plasticity share common neural mechanisms (e.g., GABAergic inhibition), indicating a possible link between these different forms of plasticity, however, the interaction between visual and motor plasticity has never been tested directly. Here, we show that when visual and motor plasticity are elicited at the same time in adult humans, visual plasticity is impaired, while motor plasticity is spared. Moreover, simultaneous activation of working memory and visual plasticity also leads to impairment in visual plasticity. These unilateral interactions between visual, working memory, and motor plasticity demonstrate a clear link between these three forms of plasticity. We conclude that local neuroplasticity in separate systems might be regulated globally, to preserve overall homeostasis in the brain.
Conhecimento de profissionais e acadêmicos sobre biossegurança em odontologia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Ronaldo De Lima , Veloso Kátia Maria Martins 
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de conhecimento de profissionais e acadêmicos de odontologia sobre biossegurança, a adesão e aplicação das suas normas, discutindo a necessidade de adoção de protocolos, seus pontos positivos e suas limitações, fomentando o conhecimento responsável sobre o tema. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa realizada a partir de levantamento nas Bases Eletrônicas de Dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MedLine), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) entre os anos de 2012-2022. Resultados: os estudos analisados mostraram que a odontologia relata grande número de acidentes ocorridos quando se negligenciou as normas de biossegurança. Tanto profissionais quanto acadêmicos não demonstraram conhecimento suficiente sobre os protocolos existentes. Conclusão: é indispensável trabalhar esse tema desde a gradução uma vez que mostrou-se preocupante, em tempos de pandemia, que protocolos estejam sendo descumpridos, quando deveriam estar sendo seguidos a risca, com responsabilidade, aplicando-se medidas que promovam a saúde e resguardem a vida tanto da equipe de trabalho quanto do paciente.
The Concept of Religious Monotheism: The Personification and Symbolization of God in the Scriptures of Monotheistic Religions
Authors: Ramadhan An-Najmi Fikri , Limbong Rahmat IR. , Makarim Muhammad Ghifari , Kusuma Juwanda Adi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to see how symbols or personifications can bridge profane things from God into human reality. Religious symbols as the embodiment of God have the highest sacred value because they are built by the structures of religious teachings originating from the texts of the scriptures. This research is limited to three religions because they have the same theological concept, namely monotheism and the approach used is qualitative based on library research-related sources, especially as primary data, are the holy books of each religion, namely the Vedas, Tipitaka, and Al-Qur'an. As an analytical tool to help compare the symbolization of God in the scriptures, the semiotic theory is used to analyze the symbols of each religion. The results of this study found that the theological concept of monotheism in symbols of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam has similarities and there are differences in Islam that do not symbolize God in the form of symbols or forms. In this case, the difference is due to the pattern of belief, worship, and communal structure patterns in the teachings of the holy books of each religion.
Keywords: Symbol, Monotheism, Islam, Hindu, Budha

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana simbol atau personifikasi dapat menjembatani hal-hal yang profan dari Tuhan ke dalam realitas manusia. Simbol-simbol agama sebagai perwujudan Tuhan memiliki nilai sakralitas yang tertinggi karena terbangun oleh struktur-struktur ajaran agama yang berasal dari teks kitab suci. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada tiga agama karena memiliki konsep teologis yang sama yaitu monoteisme dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan berbasis library research dengam sumber yang terkait terutama sebagai data primer adalah kitab suci masing-masing agama yaitu Veda, Tipitaka dan Al-Qur’an. Sebagai alat analisis bantu membandingkan simbolisasi Tuhan dalam kitab suci, teori semiotik digunakan untuk menganalisis simbol dari masing-masing agama. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan, konsep teologis monoteisme dalam simbol agama Hindu, Budha dan Islam memiliki persamaan dan terdapat perbedaan pada agama Islam yang tidak menyimbolkan Tuhan ke dalam bentuk simbol atau bentuk. Pada hal perbedaan tersebut disebabkan karena faktor pola struktur keyakinan, peribadahan, dan komunal dalam ajaran kitab suci dari masing-masing agama.
Kata kunci: Simbol, Monoteisme, Islam, Hindu, Budha
Peningkatan Kecerdasan Spiritual (Studi Kasus Upaya SMP Nurul Qomar Palembang)
Authors: Saputri Minanti Tiyan , Azwar Alfi Julizun , Ilyas Deddy 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya apa sajakah yang mendukung kecerdasan spiritual siswa di SMP Nurul Qomar Palembang 2) untuk mengetahui hasil penerapan upaya-upaya kecerdasan spiritual siswa di SMP Nurul Qomar Palembang. Penyelidikan ini bersifat kualitatif, berupa kerja lapangan. Peneliti menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Metode reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dari data merupakan bagian dari pendekatan analisis kualitatif Miles dan Huberman. Adapun hasilnya adalah 1) Bentuk upaya meningkatan kecerdasan sipiritual seperti sholat berjamaah di masjid bertujuan mendekatkan siswa dekat dengan Allah swt, Hafalan al-quran yang disetorkan serta mengulang-ulang bacaan dan memahami makna dapat meningkatkan kesabaran siswa dan meningkatkan keimanannya dan pada hari senin kamis kegiatan kultum dengan berbagai macam tema keagamaan yang dilakukan siswa-siswi disekolah. Kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan tersebut akan membuat siswa-siswi istiqomah, dengan begitu siswa dapat mengaplikasikan kegiatan yang positif dikehidupan sehari-hari. 2) kegiatan yang dilaksanakan disekolah berdampak positif terhadap kecerdasan spiritual siswa, seperti meningkatnya keimanan, ketaqwaan, dan kedisiplinan siswa, serta tumbuhnya dalam diri siswa sifat sabar, jujur, dan istiqomah dalam menambah maupun menjaga hafalannya.
Kata Kunci : Peningkatan, Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Siswa.
Al-Isyrāf wat Taqwīm Libarnāmij Takallam bil lugah al-'Arabiyyah Lit-Tarqiyyah al-Mustamirrah bi madrasah QITA Al-Ahliyyah Malang
Authors: Saputra Hadi , Fuadah Faizatul , Arifa Zakiyah 
Published: July 2023

تهدف هذه الورقة إلى معرفة ووصف كيفية إدارة الإشراف والتقويم لبرنامج "تكلم باللغة العربيـة" في المدرسة QITA (Qur’ani, Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, Akhlakul karimah) بمالانج. هذا البرنامج هو أحد البرامج المدرسية الرائدة التي ينفذّ خارج حصـة الدراسة ويعمل كوسيلة لتحسين مهارة الكـلام باللغة العربية لدى الطلاب. استخدم هذا البحث وصفيـا نوعيـا مع أسلـوب جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات والملاحظة. مصادر بيانات البحث هي مدير المؤسسة والمعلم المنفذ الذي يستخدم تقنيات تحليل مايلز وهوبرمان. تشير النتائج إلى أن برنامج اللغة العربية في المدرسة لديه القدرة على تحسين مهارات التحدث لدى الطلاب ، من حيث المواد التي يتم دراستها مختلفة عما يتم تدريسه خارج البرنامج. وأمـا إشراف البرنامج بنوع إشراف الداخلي التي يقوم به مدير المدرسة، ويشمل أيضًا الإشراف النشط عن طريق الملاحظة المباشرة للبرنامج، ويشمل الإشراف السلبي من خلال الاطلاع على وثائق البرنامج، وكذلك الإشراف الوقائي والقمعي المنفذ من قبل و بعد أنشطة البرنامج. وأما من تقويم البرنامج فيستخدم نموذج التقويم التكويني، والذي يتم تنفيذه أثنـاء تقدم البرنامج، ونموذج التقويم النهائي الذي يتم تنفيذه عند انتهاء البرنامج. يأمل أن يساهم هذا البحث في نطاق إدارة برنامج اللغة العربية خاصة في مجال الإشراف والتقويم.
PENYELESAIAN KASUS GHARAWAIN (MASALAH TSULUTS AL-BAQI DALAM WARISAN)
Authors: Zuhdi M 
Published: July 2023

Gharawain adalah salah satu bentuk masalah dalam kewarisan Islam. Gharawain juga dikenal dengan Umariyatain karena cara penyelesaiannya tersebut diperkenalkan oleh Umar bin Khattab r.a., diterima oleh mayoritas sahabat dan diikuti oleh jumhur ulama. Kasus Gharawain terjadi karena terlihat bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar kewarisan Islam yang menyatakan bahwa laki-laki mendapat bagian dua kali bagian perempuan. Masalah ini juga terjadi ketika penjumlahan beberapa furudh dalam satu kasus kewarisan yang hasilnya tidak memuaskan beberapa pihak ibu dan bapak jika bersama-sama mewarisi tanpa ahli waris yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami prinsip dasar kewarisan Islam tentang Gharawain serta penyelesaian masalahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut prinsip dasar kewarisan Islam ibu mendapat bagian 1/3 dari seluruh harta peninggalan dan bapak mendapat sisa (ashobah). Sementara dalam penyelesaian masalah Gharawain menurut Umar, keadaan ini tetap berlaku hanya jika ibu dan bapak bersama-sama dengan ahli waris suami atau istri. Setelah bagian suami atau istri diberikan maka ibu mendapat bagian 1/3 dari sisa harta (tsuluts al-baqi) dan bapak mendapat bagian sisanya.
Kata kunci : Kewarisan Islam; Gharawain; Tsuluts Al-Baqi; Ashobah