bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of high‐throughput data for heat tolerance selection in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Fumia Nathan , Kantar Michael , Lin Ya‐ping , Schafleitner Roland , Lefebvre Véronique , Paran Ilan , Börner Andreas , Diez Maria José , Prohens Jaime , Bovy Arnaud , Boyaci Filiz , Pasev Gancho , Tripodi Pasquale , Barchi Lorenzo , Giuliano Giovanni , Barchenger Derek W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been a substantial increase in high‐throughput technologies that generate highly complex large datasets for use in the sciences. Plant breeding and genetics have benefited from this data explosion where many public and private institutions now implement genomic and phenomic data to predict performance thus informing germplasm selection. However, the multitude of methodologies and data generates a situation of strategic uncertainty. We set out to compare different methods of genomic and phenomic selection in the Capsicum core collection, developed through the G2P‐SOL project, producing a combination of unique and similar selected genotypes for heat tolerance. Combined, the methods tested identified a total of 33 genotypes that show tremendous promise for use as parents in heat tolerance breeding: with 13 of these being present in more than 1 selection method. Combining classical and multispectral phenotyping methods produced better selection results than either method alone. When each method was conducted without being informed by the other, similar results were obtained. Our weighted rank‐sum selection index identified 10 entries across environments that show heat tolerance, 8 of which are also selected within heat environments. This suggests that different breeding programs can reach similar results despite having different logistical constraints. Our case study within pepper germplasm using phenomic and genomic data exhibits the potential to compensate for the dearth of germplasm knowledge with high‐throughput data as well as the converse, to compensate for logistical or financial constraint to new technologies with breeder knowledge.
PEG‐Sheddable Nanodrug Remodels Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Effector T Cell Infiltration and Revise Their Exhaustion for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Tao , Zhang Qiaoyun , Yi Jing , Wang Rongze , Zhang Zekun , Luo Pin , Zeng Rong , Wang Yong , Tu Mei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their exhaustion manifest the two concurrent main hurdles for achieving effective tumor immunotherapy of triple‐negative breast cancer. It is found that Galectin‐9 blockage can revise the exhaustion of effector T cells, meanwhile the repolarization of protumoral M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) into tumoricidal M1‐like ones can recruit effector T cells infiltrating into tumor to boost immune responses. Herein, a sheddable PEG‐decorated and M2‐TAMs targeted nanodrug incorporating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 inhibitor (AS) and anti‐Galectin‐9 antibody (aG‐9) is prepared. The nanodrug responds to acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) with the shedding of PEG corona and the release of aG‐9, exerting local blockade of PD‐1/Galectin‐9/TIM‐3 interaction to augment effector T cells via exhaustion reversing. Synchronously, targeted repolarization of M2‐TAMs into M1 phenotype by AS‐loaded nanodrug is achieved, which promotes tumor infiltration of effector T cells and thus synergizes with aG‐9 blockade to boost the therapeutic efficacy. Besides, the PEG‐sheddable approach endows nanodrug with stealth ability to reduce immune‐related adverse effects caused by AS and aG‐9. This PEG sheddable nanodrug holds the potential to reverse the immunosuppressive TME and increase effector T cell infiltration, which dramatically enhances immunotherapy in highly malignant breast cancer.
Palladium Enhanced Iron Active Site – An Efficient Dual‐Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Li Qi , Luo Liangmei , Xu Chenqi , Song Shizhu , Wang Yanqing , Zhang Lifang , Tang Yanfeng , Texter John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal–nitrogen–carbon (M–C/N) electrocatalysts have been shown to have satisfactory catalytic activity and long‐term durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, a strategy to prepare a new electrocatalyst (Fe&Pd–C/N) using a unique metal‐containing ionic liquid (IL) is exploited, in which Fe & Pd ions are positively charged species atomically dispersed by coordination to the N of the N‐doped C substrate, C/N. X‐ray absorption fine structure, XPS and aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy results verified a well‐defined dual‐atom configuration comprising Fe+2.x–N4 coupled Pd2+–N4 sites and well‐defined spatial distribution. Electronic control of a coupled Fe–Pd structure produces an electrocatalyst that exhibits superior performance with enhanced activity and durability for the ORR compared to that of commercial Pt/C (20%, Johnson Matthey) in both alkaline and acid media. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Pd atom can enhance the catalytic activity of the Fe active sites adjacent to Pd sites by changing the electronic orbital structure and Bader charge of the Fe centers. The excellent catalytic performance of the Fe&Pd–C/N electrocatalyst is demonstrated in zinc–air batteries and hydrogen–air fuel cells.
Clinical and imaging features of presumptive congenital pulmonary underdevelopment with complications in two dogs
Authors: Hwang Jaewoo , Jeong Jimo , Lee Jumjae , Choi Jihye , Yoon Junghee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCongenital pulmonary underdevelopment is classified into three types as agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia. The case records of the complications in two dogs diagnosed with presumptive congenital pulmonary underdevelopment were reviewed. Computed tomography scans revealed congenital lesions including pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary aplasia in two dogs. The respiratory signs intensified with the complications of congenital pulmonary underdevelopment, such as inflammatory lung disease, bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension. These complications were followed up long‐term and evaluated by various imaging modalities. The results of this case report suggest that careful monitoring of complications and long‐term follow‐up, including regular imaging tests for dogs with congenital pulmonary underdevelopment, could be helpful in patient management.
Self-Harm Becomes Epidemic: Mental Health (1959) and Suicide (1961) Acts
Authors: Millard Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At the end of Stengel’s 1952 paper, ‘Enquiries into attempted suicide’, he speculates about the potential scale of this behaviour:

[I]f the appeal character is such an important feature of the suicidal attempt as we have made it out to be, is there not a likelihood that this powerful and dangerous appeal will be used more and more, especially in a society which has made every individual’s welfare its collective responsibility? I think that this danger can easily be overestimated. ‘Attempted suicide’ is a behaviour pattern which is at the disposal of only a limited group of personalities.1
Technological diversity of quantum computing providers: a comparative study and a proposal for API Gateway integration
Authors: Alvarado-Valiente Jaime , Romero-Álvarez Javier , Moguel Enrique , García-Alonso José , Murillo Juan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter decades of advances, mainly theoretical, in recent years quantum computing has begun to show its first practical applications. This new and revolutionary technology aims to enhance essential areas such as cybersecurity, financial services, or medicine. The growth of this technology has encouraged different research centers and big companies such as IBM, Amazon, and Google to dedicate considerable efforts to developing new technologies that bring quantum computing to the market. However, these technologies are not yet mature and create a significant vendor lock-in problem. Therefore, new tools are needed that facilitate access to this technology and that allow developers to increase the abstraction level at which they work. Given that the integration of quantum software should not be very different from that of classical services, we can take advantage of the knowledge acquired and use current techniques of service-oriented computing. In this work, we have carried out a technical comparison between different quantum computing service providers using a case study, by performing empirical tests based on the Travelling Salesman Problem. This study highlights the differences between the main providers. To address these differences and reduce the vendor lock-in effect, we propose an extension of the Quantum API Gateway to support the different providers and the casuistry that each one presents. This would allow programmers to deploy quantum code without vendor-specific knowledge of the major providers, which would facilitate access and simplify the development of quantum applications.
Factors affecting local control of bone metastases from radioresistant tumors treated with palliative external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Makita Kenji , Hamamoto Yasushi , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Nagasaki Kei , Takata Noriko , Tsuruoka Shintaro , Uwatsu Kotaro , Kido Teruhito 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the factors that affect the local control (LC) of bone metastases from radioresistant carcinomas (renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], and colorectal carcinoma [CRC]) treated with palliative external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods and materials
Between January 2010 and December 2020, 211 bone metastases in 134 patients were treated with EBRT in two hospitals (a cancer center and university hospital). Based on follow-up CT, these cases were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate LC at the EBRT site.

Results
The median EBRT dose (BED10) was 39.0 Gy (range, 14.4–66.3 Gy). The median follow-up time of the imaging studies was 6 months (range, 1–107 months). The 0.5-year overall survival and LC rates of the EBRT sites were 73% and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the primary sites (HCC/CRC), low EBRT dose (BED10) (≤ 39.0 Gy), and non-administration of post-EBRT bone modifying agents (BMAs) and/or antineoplastic agents (ATs) were statistically significant factors that negatively affected the LC of EBRT sites. In the absence of BMAs or ATs, the EBRT dose (BED10) escalation from 39.0 Gy improved the LC of EBRT sites. Based on ATs administration, the LC of EBRT sites was significantly affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions
Dose escalation improves LC in bone metastases from radioresistant carcinomas. Higher EBRT doses are needed to treat patients for whom few effective systemic therapies remain available.
Multivariate Lévy-type drift change detection and mortality modeling
Authors: Krawiec Michał , Palmowski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we give a solution to the quickest drift change detection problem for a multivariate Lévy process consisting of both continuous (Gaussian) and jump components in the Bayesian approach. We do it for a general 0-modified continuous prior distribution of the change point as well as for a random post-change drift parameter. Classically, our criterion of optimality is based on a probability of false alarm and an expected delay of the detection, which is then reformulated in terms of a posterior probability of the change point. We find a generator of the posterior probability, which in case of general prior distribution is inhomogeneous in time. The main solving technique uses the optimal stopping theory and is based on solving a certain free-boundary problem. We also construct a Generelized Shiryaev-Roberts statistic, which can be used for applications. The paper is supplemented by two examples, one of which is further used to analyze Polish life tables (after proper calibration) and detect the drift change in the correlated force of mortality of men and women jointly.
On Error-Based Step Size Control for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Compressible Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik , Winters Andrew R. , Castro Hugo Guillermo , Dalcin Lisandro , Schlottke-Lakemper Michael , Gassner Gregor J. , Parsani Matteo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta (RK) methods for compressible computational fluid dynamics (CFD), including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the Euler equations. We demonstrate that error-based approaches are convenient in a wide range of applications and compare them to more classical step size control based on a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) number. Our numerical examples show that the error-based step size control is easy to use, robust, and efficient, e.g., for (initial) transient periods, complex geometries, nonlinear shock capturing approaches, and schemes that use nonlinear entropy projections. We demonstrate these properties for problems ranging from well-understood academic test cases to industrially relevant large-scale computations with two disjoint code bases, the open source Julia packages Trixi.jl with OrdinaryDiffEq.jl and the C/Fortran code SSDC based on PETSc.
Impact assessment of river sand resource shortage under different policy scenarios in China
Authors: Xiao Jianzhuang , Zhang Hanghua , Hu Xiaolong , Ding Tao , Xiao Xuwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMore than half of the annual global concrete materials were produced in China due to the rapid developing construction industry, which partly led to the shortage of river sand. However, mining rate exceeds the natural replenishment rate of river sand recently, resulting in depletion of natural river sand accumulation. The increasing demand of river sand influences lots of aspects including altered landforms, increasing carbon emissions, ecological deterioration, international trades and disputes. To face the river sand resource shortage in China and to propose possible coping strategies, the data of river sand for construction in China and other related data were collected, and it is suggested that effective policy measures should be taken right now to protect river sand and strictly manage sand mining. Professional solutions for river sand shortage can be summarized as “5Rs” principle, which includes reduce, recycle. reuse, replace and recover. System dynamic model is established to predict the trend of river sand shortage and it was predicted that the gap between river sand supply and demand will come up to 63%. The impact of three policy scenarios is tested in the model, and the gap can be reduced to 35% by single policy scenario, while the scenario with all policy measures is able to reduce the contradiction between supply and demand to 4%. Suggestions are proposed from the aspects of structural and material technology, policy measures and international alliances. Attention should be paid to the shortage of river resources, to realize the sustainable development of the construction industry and other related industries, and to promote the harmonious coexistence of human and nature.
The Rationale and the Perils of Failing to Invoke State Responsibility for Cyber-Attacks: The Case of the EU Cyber Sanctions
Authors: Poli Sara , Sommario Emanuele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMalicious cyber activities are on the rise. States and other relevant actors need to constantly adapt to the evolving cyber threat landscape, including by setting up effective deterrence mechanisms. This is what the European Union (EU) has done through the adoption of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Decision 2019/797, which allows it to impose targeted sanctions to deter and respond to cyberattacks that constitute an external threat to the EU or its member states. However, in contrast to other horizontal regimes of restrictive measures in force within the EU, foreign governments are not included as potential targets of cyber sanctions. Moreover, the recital of the Decision specifies that the adoption of restrictive measures does not involve attribution of international responsibility for cyber-attacks to a third State. This article aims at identifying the rationale behind the inclusion of these distinctive features. It starts by considering the legal uncertainty that surrounds attribution of international responsibility for cyber operations. Next, it explains why the EU is not well placed to invoke third-State responsibility, and the reasons behind its reluctance to do so. It will then illustrate the risks inherent in the lack of a clear legal framework to attribute the responsibility of cyber-attacks to third countries. This may have serious consequences in terms of legal certainty when a cyber-attack amounts to a breach of the prohibition on the use of force in international relations. Then, we explore recent developments in EU legislation in the area of cyber security and the possibility to strenghten the powers of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). We draw two conclusions: first, the Union might develop the capacity to attribute cyber attacks to specific actors and there is an interest to do so. However, Member States are probably still reticent to take this step. Two, despite the advantages of establishing a reliable attribution mechanisms, it is submitted that the majority of States prefers to take advantage of a regulative gap that allows them to react to cyber incidents as they see fit.
Case report: 3D-printed model for surface mould preparation on a patient with Down’s syndrome
Authors: Al Amri Iqbal , Inippully Somasundaran Rohit , Al Fishawy Mahmoud , Babu Nirmal , Al Siyabi Hajir Sulaiman , Al Ghafri Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
A patient with Down’s syndrome, with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, was intended for adjuvant radiotherapy. The lesion was on the parietal region of the head of the patient. Given the proximity of the lesion to the brain, the curvature of the lesion, and potential complications of anaesthesia for a Down’s syndrome patient, brachytherapy was the appropriate treatment. Anaesthesia complications for patients with Down’s syndrome are airway infections, atlanto-occipital dislocation and bradycardia.

Method:
Instead of sedating the patient in order to prepare a mould applicator, a 3D-printed model of the patient’s head was used. This allowed us greater time to prepare the applicator in a more relaxed environment.

Result:
The fit of the mould applicator on the patient was satisfactory. Minimum air gaps were observed. The treatment could be completed with sedation only.

Conclusion:
We were able to achieve an equivalent dose of 44·69 Gy in 5 sessions of brachytherapy, significantly reducing the anaesthesia sessions and the associated risks. A drawback of 3D printing is that it takes several hours to print the model.
Predicting Swarm Equatorial Plasma Bubbles via Machine Learning and Shapley Values
Authors: Reddy S. A. , Forsyth C. , Aruliah A. , Smith A. , Bortnik J. , Aa E. , Kataria D. O. , Lewis G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study we present AI Prediction of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (APE), a machine learning model that can accurately predict the Ionospheric Bubble Index (IBI) on the Swarm spacecraft. IBI is a correlation (R2) between perturbations in plasma density and the magnetic field, whose source can be Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). EPBs have been studied for a number of years, but their day‐to‐day variability has made predicting them a considerable challenge. We build an ensemble machine learning model to predict IBI. We use data from 2014 to 2022 at a resolution of 1s, and transform it from a time‐series into a 6‐dimensional space with a corresponding EPB R2 (0–1) acting as the label. APE performs well across all metrics, exhibiting a skill, association and root mean squared error score of 0.96, 0.98 and 0.08 respectively. The model performs best post‐sunset, in the American/Atlantic sector, around the equinoxes, and when solar activity is high. This is promising because EPBs are most likely to occur during these periods. Shapley values reveal that F10.7 is the most important feature in driving the predictions, whereas latitude is the least. The analysis also examines the relationship between the features, which reveals new insights into EPB climatology. Finally, the selection of the features means that APE could be expanded to forecasting EPBs following additional investigations into their onset.
Modeling the Transport and Retention of Nanoparticles in a Single Partially Saturated Pore in Soil
Authors: Jayaraj J. , Seetha N. , Hassanizadeh S. Majid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPore‐network models are powerful tools for studying particle transport in complex porous media, and investigating the role of interfaces in their fate. The first step in simulating particle transport using pore‐network models is to quantitatively describe particle transport in a single pore, and obtain relationships between pore‐averaged deposition rate coefficients and various pore‐scale parameters. So, in this study, a three‐dimensional (3D) mathematical model is developed to simulate the transport and retention of nanoparticles within a single partially saturated pore with an angular cross‐section. The model accounts for particle deposition at solid‐water interfaces (SWIs), air‐water interfaces (AWIs), and air‐water‐solid (AWS) contact regions. We provide a novel formulation for particle diffusive transport from AWI to AWS, where particles are assumed to be retained irreversibly by capillary forces. The model involves 12 dimensionless parameters representing various physicochemical conditions. The 3D model results are averaged over the pore cross‐section and then fitted to breakthrough curves from one‐dimensional (1D) advection‐dispersion‐sorption equations with three‐site kinetics to estimate 1D‐averaged deposition rate coefficients at interfaces. We find that half‐corner angle, particle size, radius of curvature of AWI, and mean flow velocity have a significant effect on those coefficients. In contrast, chemical parameters such as ionic strength and surface potentials of particles and interfaces have negligible effects. AWS is found to be the major retention site for particles, especially for hydrophobic particles. We develop algebraic relationships between 1D‐averaged deposition rate coefficients at interfaces vis‐à‐vis various pore‐scale parameters. These relationships are needed for pore‐network models to upscale nanoparticle transport to continuum scale.
Restoring the Mesopotamian Rivers for Future Generations: A Practical Approach
Authors: Hossain Faisal , Alwash Azzam , Minocha Sanchit , Eldardiry Hisham 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is not an understatement to say that a thriving and healthy river system for the Mesopotamian region means a thriving economy for all with a productive agriculture and a sustainable manufacturing base that needs reliable water supply and cheap power. When looked at from a 30,000 feet from the ground, the Mesopotamian region began experiencing a steady decline in the health of its rivers from the 1980s with a series of unfortunate man‐made events ranging from wars to uncoordinated dam development. While there have been many analyses and historical dissection of the current water situation, one question that we all need to ask now is How can we restore the Mesopotamian rivers?