bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future Glioblastoma Clinical Trials Landscape: Early Phase 0, Window of Opportunity, and Adaptive Phase I–III Studies
Authors: Cho Nicholas S. , Wong Weng Kee , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Innovative clinical trial designs for glioblastoma (GBM) are needed to expedite drug discovery. Phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive designs have been proposed, but their advanced methodologies and underlying biostatistics are not widely known. This review summarizes phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive phase I–III clinical trial designs in GBM tailored to physicians.

Recent Findings
Phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive trials are now being implemented for GBM. These trials can remove ineffective therapies earlier during drug development and improve trial efficiency. There are two ongoing adaptive platform trials: GBM Adaptive Global Innovative Learning Environment (GBM AGILE) and the INdividualized Screening trial of Innovative GBM Therapy (INSIGhT).

Summary
The future clinical trials landscape in GBM will increasingly involve phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive phase I–III studies. Continued collaboration between physicians and biostatisticians will be critical for implementing these trial designs.
Postmortem computed tomography assessment of skeletal and dental age in Polish children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Lopatin Oleksiy , Barszcz Marta , Jurczak Anna , Woźniak Krzysztof Jerzy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a retrospective analysis of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans of secondary ossification centers in the medial clavicular epiphysis, iliac crest apophysis, proximal humeral epiphysis, distal femoral epiphysis, proximal tibial epiphysis, and distal tibial epiphysis. At the same time, we analyzed PMCT scans of the maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. We assessed 203 corpses, whose age ranged from 2 to 30 years, including 156 males and 47 females. The purpose of our study was to compare the processes of secondary ossification center fusion and permanent tooth maturation. Our research hypothesis was that certain stages of skeletal and dental maturation occur along consistent timelines that can be related to the chronological age. Secondary ossification center fusion was evaluated based on Kreitner and also McKern and Steward’s classifications. The process of permanent tooth maturation was evaluated with Demirjian’s method. Spearman’s correlation coefficients (Rho) were positive in all analyses, which indicates that epiphyseal fusion progresses with age. The strongest relationship between the age and the stages of ossification was observed in the proximal tibial epiphysis (p < 0.001; Rho = 0.93) in females and in the medial clavicular epiphysis (p < 0.001; Rho = 0.77) in males. Studies show the importance of concomitant analysis of skeletal and dental maturation with a subsequent comparison of the results to achieve a greater precision in age estimation. A comparison of the results obtained in the study population of Polish children, adolescents, and young adults with the results of other studies in populations of similar ages showed a number of similarities in the time windows of dental and skeletal maturation. These similarities may help in age estimation.
Co-Limitation of Phytoplankton by N and P in a Shallow Coastal Lagoon (Ria Formosa): Implications for Eutrophication Evaluation
Authors: Domingues Rita B. , Nogueira Patrícia , Barbosa Ana B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Ria Formosa coastal lagoon is a highly productive shallow ecosystem in southern Portugal, subjected to nutrient inputs from anthropogenic and natural sources. Nutrients are major abiotic drivers of phytoplankton in this system, but their effects on phytoplankton assemblages and the occurrence of nutrient limitation are still poorly understood. The main goal of this study was, thus, to evaluate the occurrence, type, and effects of nutrient limitation on phytoplankton community and specific functional groups in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon. We conducted nutrient enrichment experiments with factorial additions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) using natural phytoplankton assemblages from distinct locations in the Ria Formosa, throughout a yearly cycle. Phytoplankton composition and abundance were evaluated using inverted and epifluorescence microscopies, and spectrophotometric methods were used for biomass. Limitation was defined as higher phytoplankton growth following enrichment with a particular nutrient in relation to the non-enriched control. The most common type of phytoplankton limitation was simultaneous co-limitation by N and P; diatoms, as r-strategists, were the most frequently limited group. Single N and P limitation, and serial P limitation were also observed, as well as negative responses to nutrient enrichment. Group-specific responses to nutrient enrichment were not reflected in the relative abundance of phytoplankton groups within the whole assemblage, due to the numerical dominance of pico-sized groups (cyanobacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton). Ambient nutrient ratios and concentrations did not predict phytoplankton nutrient limitation, given the different nutrient utilisation traits among phytoplankton functional groups. Therefore, nutrient ratios should not be used as indicators of nutrient limitation in eutrophication assessment.
Intermuscular Coherence in Spinocerebellar Ataxias 3 and 6: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Issa Naoum P. , Aydin Serdar , Bhatnagar Shail , Baumgartner Nicholas W. , Hill Jacquelyn , Aluri Sravya , Valentic Chloe S. , Polley Eric , Gomez Christopher M. , Rezania Kourosh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are familial neurodegenerative diseases involving the cerebellum and spinocerebellar tracts. While there is variable involvement of corticospinal tracts (CST), dorsal root ganglia, and motor neurons in SCA3, SCA6 is characterized by a pure, late-onset ataxia. Abnormal intermuscular coherence in the beta-gamma frequency range (IMCβγ) implies a lack of integrity of CST or the afferent input from the acting muscles. We test the hypothesis that IMCβγ has the potential to be a biomarker of disease activity in SCA3 but not SCA6. Intermuscular coherence between biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles was measured from surface EMG waveforms in SCA3 (N = 16) and SCA6 (N = 20) patients and in neurotypical subjects (N = 23). IMC peak frequencies were present in the β range in SCA patients and in the γ range in neurotypical subjects. The difference between IMC amplitudes in the γ and β ranges was significant when comparing neurotypical control subjects to SCA3 (p < 0.01) and SCA6 (p = 0.01) patients. IMCβγ amplitude was smaller in SCA3 patients compared to neurotypical subjects (p < 0.05), but not different between SCA3 and SCA6 patients or between SCA6 and neurotypical subjects. IMC metrics can differentiate SCA patients from normal controls.
Construction of a novel nomogram based on competing endogenous RNAs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells for prognosis prediction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Tao Zhimin , Li Bo , Kang Chunyan , Wang Wei , Li Xianzhe , Du Yaowu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCompetitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells play essential roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. However, their prognostic role in elderly patients with CRC is unclear. Gene expression profiles and clinical information for elderly patients with CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized for screening key ceRNAs and prevent overfitting. A total of 265 elderly patients with CRC were included. We constructed a novel ceRNA network consisting of 17 lncRNAs, 35 miRNAs, and 5 mRNAs. We established three prognosis predictive nomograms based on four key ceRNAs (ceRNA nomogram), five key immune cells (immune cell nomogram), and their combination (ceRNA-immune cell nomogram). Among them, the ceRNA-immune cell nomogram had the best accuracy. Furthermore, the areas under the curve of the ceRNA-immune cell nomogram were also significantly greater than the TNM stage at 1 (0.818 vs. 0.693), 3 (0.865 vs. 0.674), and 5 (0.832 vs. 0.627) years. Co-expression analysis revealed that CBX6 was positively correlated with activated dendritic cells (R = 0.45, p < 0.01), whereas negatively correlated with activated mast cells (R =− 0.43, p < 0.01). In conclusion, our study constructed three nomograms to predict prognosis in elderly patients with CRC, among which the ceRNA-immune cell nomogram had the best prediction accuracy. We inferred that the mechanism underlying the regulation of activated dendritic cells and mast cells by CBX6 might play a crucial role in tumor development and prognosis of elderly patients with CRC.
Experimental Research on Temperature Sensing of Seawater Based on Three Interferometers Incorporated With Bow Tie Fiber
Authors: Zhai Changxin , Li Yu , Wang Shanshan , Xu Jibo , Wen Zheng , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree interferometers (the Sagnac sensor, the linear polarization interferometer, and the reflecting polarization interferometer) incorporated with the bow tie fiber are proposed to detect the seawater temperature. Bow tie fiber, a kind of polarization maintaining fiber, has stress induced birefringence. The three interferometers are categorized as transmission and reflection types to analyze the sensing principles. Related experiments are performed to explore the influence of the wavelength and length of the bow tie fiber on the sensitivity and free spectral range (FSR). The sensitivity and FSR both increase with the wavelength increasing. The sensitivity fluctuates in a small range and FSR decreases with the length increasing. The reflecting polarization interferometer has the bigger sensitivity of −1.19nm/°C than the other two. And it has the advantages of easy fabrication, simple operation, and good stability, so it is applicable in real ocean exploration. Our work can provide a reference to researchers who do oceanographic research.
Current status and prospects of automatic sleep stages scoring: Review
Authors: Gaiduk Maksym , Serrano Alarcón Ángel , Seepold Ralf , Martínez Madrid Natividad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe scoring of sleep stages is one of the essential tasks in sleep analysis. Since a manual procedure requires considerable human and financial resources, and incorporates some subjectivity, an automated approach could result in several advantages. There have been many developments in this area, and in order to provide a comprehensive overview, it is essential to review relevant recent works and summarise the characteristics of the approaches, which is the main aim of this article. To achieve it, we examined articles published between 2018 and 2022 that dealt with the automated scoring of sleep stages. In the final selection for in-depth analysis, 125 articles were included after reviewing a total of 515 publications. The results revealed that automatic scoring demonstrates good quality (with Cohen's kappa up to over 0.80 and accuracy up to over 90%) in analysing EEG/EEG + EOG + EMG signals. At the same time, it should be noted that there has been no breakthrough in the quality of results using these signals in recent years. Systems involving other signals that could potentially be acquired more conveniently for the user (e.g. respiratory, cardiac or movement signals) remain more challenging in the implementation with a high level of reliability but have considerable innovation capability. In general, automatic sleep stage scoring has excellent potential to assist medical professionals while providing an objective assessment.
Pediatric Readiness and Trauma Centers: History, Relevance, and Practical Application
Authors: Melhado Caroline G. , Yorkgitis Brian K. , Remick Katherine , Gray Lisa , Macias Charles G. , Dingeldein Michael W. , Jensen Aaron R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
New optimal standards for the care of the injured patient released in 2022 by the American College of Surgeons now include a requirement for trauma centers—adult and pediatric—to assess their own pediatric readiness and take steps to address any gaps.

Recent Findings
Timely access to high-quality initial resuscitative care for injured children is essential. While the benefit of pediatric trauma centers has been demonstrated, initial post-injury care is often provided at non-pediatric centers due to limited access to this resource. The National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) has outlined a framework for ensuring preparedness for pediatric emergency care in the emergency department, including pediatric trauma care. Pediatric readiness can be quantified by the weighted pediatric readiness score (wPRS). Critically ill and injured children initially treated at emergency departments with higher levels of pediatric readiness have been associated with improved mortality. While pediatric trauma centers have high levels of pediatric readiness, non-pediatric centers have been shown to have significantly lower levels of pediatric readiness—despite a large number of children gaining access to the trauma system.

Summary
This manuscript is intended as a comprehensive review of the pediatric readiness project: its history, its impact on US trauma center outcomes, and its application via the use of the pediatric readiness assessment and toolkit within an individual trauma center. This review is intended to be a practical guide to ensure that every trauma hospital is ready and able to provide quality triage and initial resuscitation of an injured child in their emergency department.
Refutations and Reasoning in Undergraduate Mathematics
Authors: Alcock Lara , Attridge Nina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns undergraduate mathematics students’ understandings of refutation and their related performance in abstract conditional inference. It reports on 173 responses to a refutation instrument that asked participants to: 1) state ‘true’ or ‘false’ for three statements, providing counterexamples or reasons if they thought these false (all three were false); 2) evaluate possible counterexamples and reasons, where reasons were ‘corrected’ versions of the statements but not valid refutations; and 3) choose which of the counterexamples and the corrected statements were better answers, explaining why. The data show that students reliably understood the logic of counterexamples but did not respond normatively according to the broader logic of refutations. Many endorsed the corrected statements as valid and chose these as better responses; we analyse their explanations using Toulmin’s model of argumentation. The data further show that participants with better abstract conditional inference scores were more likely to respond normatively by giving, endorsing, and choosing counterexamples as refutations; conditional inference scores also predicted performance in a proof-based course.
Fuzzy Cognitive Networks in Diverse Applications Using Hybrid Representative Structures
Authors: Karatzinis Georgios D. , Apostolikas Nikolaos A. , Boutalis Yiannis S. , Papakostas George A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFuzzy cognitive networks (FCNs) arose from traditional fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) to have the advantage of guaranteed convergence to equilibrium points, thus being more suitable than conventional FCMs for a variety of pattern recognition and system identification tasks. Moreover, recent developments led to FCNs with functional weights (FCNs-FW), as a significant FCNs enhancement in terms of storage requirements, efficiency and less human intervention requirements. In this paper we proceed further by introducing hybrid deep learning structures, interweaving FCNs-FW with well established deep neural network (DNN) representative structures and apply the new schemes on a variety of pattern recognition and time series prediction tasks. More specifically, after discussing general issues related to the construction of deep learning structures using FCNs-FW we present three hybrid models, which combine the FCN-FW with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), echo state networks (ESNs) and AutoEncoder (AE) schemes, respectively. The hybrid schemes are tested on diverse benchmark data sets and prove that FCN-FW based hybrid schemes perform equally well or better than state-of-the-art DNN-based schemes, paving thus the way for using cognitive networks to deep learning representative structures.
Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
Authors: Zhang Lixiu , Mei Luyao , Wang Kaiyang , Lv Yinhua , Zhang Shuai , Lian Yaxiao , Liu Xiaoke , Ma Zhiwei , Xiao Guanjun , Liu Qiang , Zhai Shuaibo , Zhang Shengli , Liu Gengling , Yuan Ligang , Guo Bingbing , Chen Ziming , Wei Keyu , Liu Aqiang , Yue Shizhong , Niu Guangda , Pan Xiyan , Sun Jie , Hua Yong , Wu Wu-Qiang , Di Dawei , Zhao Baodan , Tian Jianjun , Wang Zhijie , Yang Yang , Chu Liang , Yuan Mingjian , Zeng Haibo , Yip Hin-Lap , Yan Keyou , Xu Wentao , Zhu Lu , Zhang Wenhua , Xing Guichuan , Gao Feng , Ding Liming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
Analysis of rock cuttability based on excavation parameters of TBM
Authors: Tang Yu , Yang Junsheng , Wang Shanyong , Wang Shaofeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRock cuttability has great influence on the rock excavation efficiency of TBM (tunnel boring machine). In order to evaluate rock cuttability in real time, quickly, accurately and efficiently during TBM excavating, the relevant excavation parameters of Zagros, Kerman and Bazideraz tunnels were first collected. Then, the regression analyses between excavation parameters and rock cuttability were carried out. The two-dimensional regression analyses studied the relationship between operating parameters (thrust F and rotation speed RPM) and the characterization parameters (torque T and penetration rate PR). The three-dimensional regression analyses were utilized to create the PR and specific energy SE models based on operating parameters. The result shows that the established three-dimensional regression models have good prediction performance, and its performance is superior to two-dimensional models. Moreover, the prediction model of uniaxial compressive strength UCS and the classification model of rock cuttability were founded based on SE. The rock cuttability is divided into three levels, namely, easy (level 1), medium (level 2), and poor (level 3), in which the corresponding SE ranges are 0 to 6, 6 to 10 and exceeds 10 kWh·m−3, respectively. Finally, the intelligent algorithms, combined with excavation parameters, were introduced to establish UCS prediction model and rock cuttability classification model, and the good prediction performance was achieved. The above studies can provide necessary references and ideas for real-time, rapid, accurate and effective evaluation of rock cuttability based on TBM excavation parameters, and has certain guiding significance for engineering application.
Die Bedeutung der intrinsischen motivationalen Orientierungen von Grundschullehrkräften für die Planungsqualität im Sachunterricht
Authors: Kantreiter Julia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungStudien zeigten, dass die Planungsqualität ein wichtiger Prädiktor für die Unterrichtsqualität ist. Planungsqualität im Sachunterricht umfasst fachspezifisch angelegte und überfachlich angelegte Merkmale. Ob Lehrkräfte Merkmale der Unterrichtsqualität umsetzen, hängt davon ab, wie viel Wert sie diesen beimessen. Die Unterrichtsqualität wird positiv durch intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen beeinflusst. Intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen setzen sich aus Enthusiasmus und Interesse von Lehrkräften zusammen und beinhalten eine fachliche und eine unterrichtliche Dimension. Offen ist, ob intrinsische motivationale Orientierungen von Bedeutung dafür sind, wie viel Wert Grundschullehrkräfte unterschiedlichen Planungsqualitätsmerkmalen im Sachunterricht beimessen. Im Fokus stehen mögliche Unterschiede zwischen der fachlichen und der unterrichtlichen Dimension von intrinsischen motivationalen Orientierungen. Dieser Frage wurde anhand des sachunterrichtlichen Themas Pflanzen des Waldes in einer Querschnittsbefragung mit N = 464 Grundschullehrkräften nachgegangen. Aus Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen ging hervor, dass die fachliche und die unterrichtliche Dimension jeweils mit dem beigemessenen Wert unterschiedlicher Planungsqualitätsmerkmale positiv zusammenhängen. Gründe für diese Befunde sowie Implikationen für die Lehrkräftebildung werden diskutiert.
Kinetics and adsorption performance of biosorbent starch/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanocomposite for the removal of dyes
Authors: Priya V. Shanmuga , Basha S. Khaleel , Kumari V. Sugantha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present work reports an efficient removal of a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and an anionic dye, methyl orange (MO) dye from an aqueous solution using graphene oxide (GO)–based nanocomposite as an adsorbent. GO was investigated as a potential nano-reinforcing filler in starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) biopolymer matrix. Bio-nanocomposite based on starch/PVA matrix and GO were prepared by an aqueous casting method. The fabricated nanocomposites were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, Raman, TEM, FE-SEM, tensile study, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method, zeta potential, and swelling study. The effect of the various compositions of GO nanofiller in the starch/PVA matrix was highlighted and the impact of GO nanosheets on the properties of the nanocomposites was revealed. The results demonstrated that the starch/PVA matrix with 3 g of GO was found to be the optimal concentration of GO. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize the operational factors, including adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time, which were systematically investigated. The kinetics of adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir isotherm model described the equilibrium adsorption capacity. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 382 mg g−1 for MB dye and 293.3 mg g−1 for MO dye. Based on the calculated thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of MB (∆H° = − 16.37 kJ mol−1, ∆S° = − 37.99 J K−1 mol−1 and ∆G° from − 4.39 to − 5.13 kJ mol−1) and MO (∆H° = − 13.72 kJ mol−1, ∆S° = − 31.78 J K−1 mol−1 and ∆G° from − 3.72 to − 4.39 kJ mol−1) dyes onto the nanocomposite material was feasible, exothermic, and spontaneous. A plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed, involving electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and π-π interactions, which collectively governed the adsorption process. The nanocomposite showed good stability and reusability up to five cycles for the uptake of MB and MO dyes. These findings confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach to produce bionanocomposite with enhanced properties, which may be used in water purification technology.