bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved HbA1c and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Among White and Black ACCORD Participants
Authors: Cahill Leah E. , Warren Rachel A. , Carew Allie S. , Levy Andrew P. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Sapp John , Lache Orit , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype had no CAD benefit. The association between achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CAD for each Hp phenotype remains unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Achieved HbA1c was similar in each phenotype throughout the study. Prospectively collected HbA1c data (categorized as &lt;6.0%, 6.0–6.5%, 6.6–6.9%, or ≥8.0% compared with 7.0–7.9%) from the ACCORD study, updated every 4 months over a median of 4.7 years, were analyzed in relation to CAD in the Hp2-2 (n = 3,322) and non–Hp2-2 (n = 5,949) phenotypes separately overall, and within White (63%, 37% Hp2-2) and Black (19%, 26% Hp2-2) participants using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariables.

RESULTS
Compared with HbA1c of 7.0–7.9%, having HbA1c ≥8.0% was associated with CAD risk among White (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.98) and Black (2.86, 1.09–7.51) participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, but not when all Hp2-2 participants were combined overall (1.30, 0.99–1.70), and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. HbA1c &lt;7.0% was not associated with a lower risk of CAD for any Hp phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS
Achieving HbA1c &gt;8.0% compared with 7.0–7.9% was consistently associated with incident CAD risk among White and Black ACCORD participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, while no association was observed among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. We found no evidence that HbA1c concentration &lt;7.0% prevents CAD in either Hp phenotype group.
Duration of Type 2 Diabetes and Incidence of Cancer: An Observational Study in England
Authors: Zaccardi Francesco , Ling Suping , Brown Karen , Davies Melanie , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between duration of type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database, we identified 130,764 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged ≥35 years at diagnosis who were linked to hospital and mortality records. We used sex-stratified Royston–Parmar models with two timescales to estimate incidence rates of all cancers, the four commonest cancers in the U.K. (colorectal, lung, prostate, breast), and the obesity-related cancers (e.g., liver, ovary) between 1 January 1998 and 14 January 2019, by age and diabetes duration.

RESULTS
During 1,089,923 person-years, 18,977 incident cancers occurred. At the same age, rates of all cancers in men and women did not vary across durations ranging from diagnosis to 20 years; conversely, for any duration, there was a strong, positive association between age and cancer rates. In men, the rate ratio (95% CI) comparing 20 with 5 years of duration was 1.18 (0.82–1.69) at 60 years of age and 0.90 (0.75–1.08) at 80 years; corresponding ratios in women were 1.07 (0.71–1.63) and 0.84 (0.66–1.05). This pattern was observed also for the four commonest cancers. For obesity-related cancers, although rates were generally higher in individuals with a higher BMI, there was no association with duration at any level of BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we did not find evidence of an association between duration of type 2 diabetes and risk of cancer, with the higher risk observed for longer durations related to ageing.
Vaginal Transection Versus Vaginal Entry Cuff Closure Technique Following Elective Abdominal Hysterectomy for Benign Lesions - A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Mamta 
Published: August 2023

Background: Total abdominal hysterectomy is most common performed gynaecological operation. There is no standard recommendation or guidelines regarding management of vaginal cuff. This study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of vaginal transection versus vaginal entry technique following elective abdominal hysterectomies for benign lesions.
Methodology: This is a comparative study involving 180 women undergoing elective hysterectomy in Sparsh hospital, from 10 Jan 2015 to 10 Jan 2020. Patient was randomized to either transactional vaginal or vagina entry technique of cuff closure. In this, we compare Operating time, length of hospital stays, estimated blood loss, post operative discharge. Vaginal length, vaginal cuff infection and granulation after 6 weeks follow up time. A prospective study on all hysterectomies performed by the single senior surgeon at Sparsh hospital in order to eliminate possible differences in surgical techniques and abilities.
Result: We found in this study that operating time, blood loss, post operative discharge from vault is less in transection technique of vaginal cuff closure in comparison to vaginal entry technique. Febrile complain is more in vaginal entry cuff group patients. Hospital stay is long in vaginal entry technique patients. There is no difference in post operative vaginal length in both the techniques. Transection technique is easy to perform.
Conclusion: Transection cuff closure technique is better than vaginal entry technique.
Historical sociology and its impact on international relations.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Idan  
Published: August 2023

The challenges facing historical social studies in international relations are multifaceted and have different aspects. As the relationship between the science of social history and the science of international relations is deep, intertwined and interdependent because it relates to the history of societies and their social characteristics that determines its identity, lifestyle, and relationship with its peers from other societies. Therefore, the role that historical sociology plays in serving researchers in the field of international relations is essential. Most international relation theories are based on it.
Also, the relationship of historical sociology with theories of international relations helps to understand generalizations in the field of international relations. It contributed to its interpretation, analysis and testing throughout history, in addition to the contribution of the science of social history in revealing the laws that control the conduct of events that societies go through during a certain period of time. Through research and analysis, it was found that historical sociology has a positive impact on international relations.
By providing research material for specialists in this field, the interdependence and overlap between the social sciences makes it difficult to distinguish the boundaries and breaks between them. It also provides ample room for specialists in this field to cooperate with each other.
Rescue and Necessity
Authors: Joseph Joel , Pummer Theron 
Published: August 2023

Suppose A is wrongfully attempting to kill you, thereby forfeiting his right not to be harmed proportionately in self-defense. Even if it were proportionate to blow off A's arms and legs to stop his attack, this would be impermissible if you could stop his attack by blowing off just one of his arms. Blowing off his arms and legs violates the necessity condition on imposing harm. Jonathan Quong argues that violating the necessity condition consists in violating a right to be rescued: blowing off four of A’s limbs in proportionate self-defense rather than blowing off one of A’s limbs in proportionate self-defense fails to costlessly rescue three of A's limbs. In response, we present cases which intuitively show that violating the necessity constraint involves the violation of a right that is more stringent than a right to be rescued.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО КЛАСТЕРА КАК ОСНОВА РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Authors: Андреева Наталия Владимировна 
Published: August 2023

Цель работы. В статье обосновывается целесообразность формирования производственного кластера способного обеспечить развитие производства на региональном уровне, сформировать производственную структуру региона, осуществить интеграцию науки с бизнесом и научно - образовательными учреждениями для координации усилий по повышению процесса производства и экономического развития регионов и страны в целом. Метод. Используя метод сопоставления и сравнения представлены материалы по созданию производственных кластеров и особенностей их функционирования на территориях с учетом специфики развития каждого региона. Результаты работы. Рассмотрена авторская концепция создания производственного кластера, обоснованы факторы кластерообразующие и кластеросодержащие, влияющие на его функционирование, рассмотрен механизм взаимодействия участников производственного кластера, включающий центр управления и фонд инновационного развития кластера. Область применения результатов. Использование полученных результатов при формировании производственных кластеров позволяет учитывать специфику развития конкретного региона, способствует развитию производства, обеспечивая социально-экономическое развитие территорий. Выводы. В работе обоснована необходимость формирования производственного кластера, способного обеспечить развитие территорий; создания производственной инфраструктуры региона; установление связи между всеми заинтересованными участниками путем взаимодействия производства, бизнеса и научно-образовательных учреждений, что позволит обеспечить инновационное развитие территорий с учетом подготовки кадров соответствующего профиля и создаст необходимые предпосылки для экономического развития страны.
Analisis Campuran Etanol Dan Gasolin Mobil 92r Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Pada Motor 4 Tak
Authors: Nur Nanang M , Pratiwi Yeni Ratih 
Published: August 2023

Perkembangan teknologi dari era ke era semakin pesat, semakin meningkat pula kebutuhan manusia akan kendaraan untuk transportasi, Sehingga meningkatnya polusi yang di sebabkan oleh asap kendaraan Polusi akibat Emisi gas buang hasil pembakaran kendaraan bermotor yang berupa karbondioksida (CO2), karbonmonoksida (CO), Oksida Nitrogen (Nox), hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar, serta unsur metalik seperti timbal (Pb) menjadi perhatian serius karena dampak kinerja gas tersebut yang dapat menurunkan tingkat kesehatan dan mencemari lingkungan, Penurunan emisi gas buang dapat di lakukan dengan mengembangkan bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini di lakukan pengujian campuran gasoline mobil 92r dan etanol, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode experiment yang membandingkan hasil satu dengan hasil lainnya untuk mengetahui emisi gas buang dan konsumsi bahan bakar, kemudian di uji menggunakan motor megapro 160 cc tahun 2004, dan gas analyzer untuk mengetahui emisi gas buang, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa campuran bahan bakar terendah pada campuran E-30 dengan nilai 415 ppm untuk gas HC, E-30 04.18 % untuk gas Co, E-20 dengan nilai 0.0399 ml/s untuk konsumsi bahan bakar.
ANALISIS NILAI DRL PARAMETER ESAK/INAK PEMERIKSAAN THORAX AP/PA X-RAY CANON
Authors: Khoirot Reni Muasisatul , Hakim Muhammad Helmi , Alam Yuniar , Ananingtyas Ratika Sekar Ajeng 
Published: August 2023

DRL (Diagnostic Reference Level), merupakan suatu alat bantu sebagai alat optimasi untuk melindungi pasien dari radiasi guna mencegah paparan radiasi yang berlebihan pada pasien. DRL juga diterapkan pada modalitas radiografi umum pemeriksaan Thorax AP (Anterior-Posterior)/PA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan menganalisiss nilai DRL yang sesuai dengan aturan BAPETEN yang bermanfaat sebagai referensi pada pemeriksaan radiografi umum. Menggunakan data sekunder untuk mengetahui cara menentukan nilai DRL (Diagnostic Reference Level), pada parameter INAK (Incident Air Kerma) dan ESAK (Entrance Surface Air Kerma.) Menghitung nilai kuartil ketiga untuk DRL lokal dengan DRL yang sesuai dengan acuan BAPETEN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai DRL pada parameter INAK 0,22 mGy dan ESAK 0,32 mGy. Nilai dosis yang diterima pasien pada pemeriksaan thorax AP/PA salah satu instalasi rumah sakit di Srengat berada ditingkat aman dimana nilai dosis lebih kecil dari ambang batas yang telah ditetapkan oleh BAPETEN.
Persepsi Mahasiswi Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Angkatan 2019 tentang Peraturan Rektor Penggunaan Busana Islami di Lingkungan Universitas Islam Bandung
Authors: Aliyah Ruhiyatul , Khuz'ai Rodliyah , Kamil Parihat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Referring to the Chancellor's regulation no: 252/F.04/REK/VI/2022 concerning the use of Islamic clothing for students in the Unisba Campus environment. It also departs from the reality of female students who take off their headscarves while on campus. So that is the background for the authors to be interested in knowing how their perceptions of the regulations for the use of Islamic clothing at Unisba. The research object is the 2019 batch of students at the Faculty of Communication Sciences. Using qualitative research with the theory of perception. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation.The results of the study show that female students of the Faculty of Communication Studies understand how to dress in Islam. However, their perceptions of these regulations varied, some female students considered these regulations appropriate and appropriate for Islamic tertiary institutions. but there are also female students who think that this regulation is a form of coercion or a formality that must be carried out as a student at Unisba. Opportunities are seen from the Chancellor who supports the implementation of this regulation. Challenges include student awareness of implementing regulations, dissemination of the contents of regulations, and the lack of officers who control the implementation of regulations.
Abstrak. Mengacu pada peraturan Rektor no: 252/F.04/REK/VI/2022 tentang penggunaan busana Islami bagi mahasiswa di lingkungan Kampus Unisba. Juga berangkat dari realita mahasiswi yang melepas pasang kerudungnya selama berada di lingkungan kampus. Sehingga melatarbelakangi penulis untuk tertarik mengetahui bagaimana persepsi mereka terhadap peraturan penggunaan busana Islami di Unisba. Objek penelitian yaitu mahasiswi Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi angkatan 2019. Menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teori persepsi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan, mahasiswi fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi memahami cara berbusana dalam Islam. Namun persepsi mereka terhadap peraturan ini beragam, beberapa mahasiswi menganggap peraturan ini sesuai dan sudah seharusnya bagi perguruan tinggi Islam. tapi ada pula mahasiswi yang menganggap bahwa peraturan ini merupakan bentuk paksaan atau formalitas yang harus dilaksanakan sebagai seorang mahasiswa di Unisba. Peluang terlihat dari Rektor yang mendukung terlaksananya peraturan ini. Tantangan meliputi, kesadaran mahasiswa menjalankan peraturan, sosialisasi isi pertaturan, dan kurang nya petugas yang mengontrol jalannya peraturan.
Nilai-Nilai Dakwah pada Kesenian Kuda Lumping Puja Lestari di Desa Kesuma Riau
Authors: Ramdan Fauzi  , Ida Afidah  , Asep Ahmad Siddiq  
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This research focuses on the da'wah values ​​of the sustainable lumping puja horse art in Kusuma village. Art at the time of the saints became a medium of propaganda, including the art of lumping horses. The sustainable puja lumping horse art has the intention that lumping horse art can become one of the propaganda media as done by the trustees. Where in the sustainable lumping puja horse art there are da'wah values ​​in the implementation of sustainable lumping puja horse art. This study uses a type of qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. By collecting data in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. Where researchers go directly to the community to get data. In the results of the study it was found that the sustainable lumping puja horse art has missionary values. What is contained in the poetry of tombo ati and poetry of lir ilir in its implementation which has a good meaning and the meaning of every sustainable lumping puja horse dance movement which contains the value of da'wah.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini berfokus pada nilai-nilai dakwah kesenian kuda lumping puja lestari di desa Kusuma. Kesenian di zaman para wali menjadi salah satu media dakwah, termasuk seni kuda lumping. Seni kuda lumping puja lestari memiliki niat untuk seni kuda lumping dapat menjadi salah satu media dakwah sebgaimana yang dilakukan oleh para wali. Dimana pada kesenian kuda lumping puja lestari terdapat nilai-nilai dakwah dalam pelaksanan seni kuda lumping puja lestari. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Dengan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi. Dimana peneliti langsung turun ke masyarakat untuk mendapatkan data. Pada hasil penelitian didapati bahwa seni kuda lumping puja lestari terdapat nilai-nilai dakwah. Yang terdapat pada syair tombo ati dan syair lir ilir dalam pelaksaan nya yang memiliki makna baik serta makna dari setiap gerak tari kuda lumping puja lestari yang mengandung nilai dakwah.
Analisis Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf Terkait Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Wakaf Sawah Di Sindangwargi Kecamatan Cipongkor Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: ROSIDAH AI , Shindu Irwansayh  , Yandi Maryandi  
Published: August 2023

This dispute occurred because the wakif did not have children which resulted in many people taking the opportunity to control it and the implementation of the waqf pledge which was only carried out verbally, so that there was no certificate of waqf land to be used as legal force because the land was carried out long before there was independence which resulted in the waqf not being recorded at the KUA. The purpose of this study was to find out the analysis of law number 41 of 2004 concerning waqf related to the settlement of waqf rice field land disputes in Sindangwargi, Cipongkor District, West Bandung Regency.This research method is qualitative descriptive to analyze related endowments and disputes that occur, using an empirical juridical research approach and this research is a Field Research study, where the data sources used are primary and secondary data.The results of this study indicate that the dispute resolution efforts undertaken by the KUA to resolve this dispute are deliberations, mediation between the two parties at the Cimahi Police Chief, and arbitration by the BPN at the Cimahi Police Chief. It can be concluded that the KUA's efforts in Cipongkor in resolving the waqf rice field land dispute in Sindangwargi, Baranangsiang Village, Kec. Cipongkor Kab. West Bandung is in accordance with Law Number 41 of 2004.
Abstrak. Persengketaan ini terjadi karena wakif tidak memiliki keturunan yang mengakibatkan banyak orang mengambil kesempatan untuk menguasainya dan pelaksanaan ikrar wakaf yang hanya dilakukan secara lisan, sehingga belum ada sertifikat tanah wakaf untuk dijadikan kekuatan hukum sebab tanah tersebut dilakukan jauh sebelum adanya kemerdekaan yang mengakibatkan wakaf tersebut tidak tercatat di KUA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui analisis undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf terkait penyelesaian persengketaan tanah wakaf sawah di Sindangwargi Kecamatan Cipongkor Kabupaten Bandung Barat.Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriftif kualitatif untuk menganalisis terkait perwakafan dan sengketa yang terjadi, dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yuridis empiris dan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Field Research, dimana sumber data yang dipakai yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan oleh pihak KUA untuk menyelesaikan sengketa ini adalah musyawarah, mediasi diantara kedua belah pihak di kapolres cimahi, dan arbitrase oleh BPN di kapolres cimahi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa upaya KUA di Cipongkor dalam menyelesaikan persengketaan tanah wakaf sawah di Sindangwargi Desa Baranangsiang Kec. Cipongkor Kab. Bandung Barat telah sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004.
TINJAUAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TENTANG WAKAF TERHADAP KEMATIAN NADZIR WAKAF DAN IMPLIKASINYA (Studi Kasus di Masjid Al-Hidayah Desa Margaasih Kecamatan Margaasih Kabupaten Bandung)
Authors: Isnaini Mubarokah  
Published: August 2023

Abstrak. Eksistensi Nadzir pada tanah wakaf sangat dibutuhkan karena merupakan salah satu rukun wakaf. Nadzir sebagai seseorang yang mengelola tanah wakaf harus diberhentikan atau digantikan apabila tidak dapat menjalankan kewajibannya dengan baik. Maka perasalahan yang dirumusakn dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut : Bagaimana Status Kematian Nadzir pada Tanah Wakaf di Masjid Al-Hidayah Desa Margaasih Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana status kematian nadzir terhadap pengelolaan harta benda wakaf di masjid Al-Hidayah serta untuk mengetahui Penelitian ini termasuk kepada penelitian lapangan (field Research) dan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan yakni pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : Masjid Al-Hidayah belum ada penggantian Nadzir semenjak tahun 2007 hingga pada saat ini. Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Pasal 45 mengatakan bahwa seorang nadzir diberkentikan atau digantikan apabila sudah meninggal dunia, bubar atau dibubarkan, tidak menjalankan tugasnya sebagai nadzir, atas permintaan sendiri dan dijatuhi hukuman pidana.
Abstract. The existence of Nadzir on waqf land is needed because it is one of the pillars of waqf. Nadzir as someone who manages waqf land must be dismissed or replaced if he is unable to carry out his obligations properly. So the feelings formulated in this study are as follows: What is the Status of Nadzir's Death on Waqf Land in Al-Hidayah Mosque Margaasih Village According to Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing how the status of nadzir death on the management of waqf property in Al-Hidayah mosque and to find out This research includes field research and uses qualitative research. The approach used is an empirical juridical approach. The results of this study are: Al-Hidayah Mosque has not replaced Nadzir since 2007 until now. Law Number 41 of 2004 Article 45 states that a nadzir is terminated or replaced when he has died, disbanded or disbanded, does not carry out his duties as a nadzir, at his own request and is sentenced to criminal punishment.