bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of the toilet training process on the children's quality of life
Authors: Kostekci Yasemin Ezgi , Baskan Sevgi , Topcu Seda , Kose Serdal Kenan , Ozgur Emrah Gokay , Orhon Filiz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundToilet training is a significant developmental milestone for children. During the process of toilet training, voiding and defecation problems may develop, which have a major adverse impact on the child's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess voiding and defecation problems in the process of toilet training and evaluate how these issues influenced the children's QoL.MethodsThe children included in the study were followed up at the Department of Social Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine. Participants were surveyed via a questionnaire that included sociodemographic features, the toilet training process, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.ResultsThe study included 177 children and their parents. There was no correlation between the parents' age, sociodemographic features, or the timing of the start of toilet training. Voiding problems were found in 55.6% and defecation problems in 23.6% of the children included in the study. Urinary retention during play and nocturnal enuresis were more frequent in the children toilet trained at 25–36 months of age. The self‐reported QoL scores in children with voiding problems and with both voiding and defecation problems were lower than those in children did not have any problems.ConclusionsEven if a child has been toilet trained, it is essential to investigate daily urination and defecation habits at every follow‐up visit and to discuss with families when a physician should be consulted.
Mucosal immune systems of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in chronic or recurrent remission phase and is classified as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a multifactorial disease that results from genetic and environmental factors, immunological disorders, and gut microbiota dysregulation called dysbiosis. Recently, the number of patients with IBD in Japan has been increasing. This review describes studies of T cells, such as type 1 helper T (Th1) and type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells, and cytokines, such as IL‐17 and IL‐21, as representatives of mucosal immunity in IBD. Th1 cells and Tc1 cells are involved in Peyer's patches of CD. IL‐12 significantly reduced the production of IL‐17 but significantly increased in that of IFN‐γ, and IL‐21 reduced IL‐17 production. It also describes genetic analysis studies on the cause of very early‐onset IBD (VEO‐IBD). Furthermore, 11.6% of patients with VEO‐IBD presented with monogenic IBD in Japan. Genetic analysis for patients with VEO‐IBD and suspected monogenic IBD was investigated. XIAP and heterozygous SLCO2A1 were detected owing to the result of functional confirmation, and several candidate genes were detected. Cytokine analysis and genetic analysis studies have revealed several pathophysiologies of IBD. Clinical and basic studies on mucosal immunity as well as immunological and genetic analyses are currently ongoing and are anticipated to provide an elaborate understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD.
Farming wellbeing through and beyond COVID‐19: Stressors, gender differences and landscapes of support
Authors: Rose David Christian , Budge Hannah , Carolan Michael , Hall Jilly , Hammersley Conor , Knook Jorie , Lobley Matt , Nye Caroline , O'Reilly Alexis , Shortland Faye , Wheeler Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough there has been a recent surge in research on drivers of poor farmer wellbeing and mental health, there is still a limited understanding of the state of wellbeing in farming communities around the world and how it can be best supported. This special issue seeks to extend our knowledge of how a combination of different stressors can challenge the wellbeing of farmers, farming families and farm workers, as well as how negative impacts can be unevenly distributed between different individuals. We advance the state of the art in research on farmer wellbeing, illustrating how social, economic and environmental policy drivers combine to create multiple points of stress, which are experienced differently by different individuals (e.g., age, gender). We move beyond an exploration of stressors towards a consideration of how landscapes of support for farmer wellbeing, and packages of support interventions, can improve the social resilience of farming communities. To be effective, these landscapes of support need to be accessible, well‐funded, joined‐up, and adaptable to evolving crises. This special issue explores farmer wellbeing in the context of global agricultural transitions, which are demanding new ways of farming (e.g., digitalisation, net zero, economic restructuring), and in light of shock events, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, in four countries—Ireland, New Zealand, the UK and the US. In exploring the impacts of future shock events and agricultural transitions on wellbeing, the issue concludes with a call to move beyond broad compilations of stressors and interventions and towards nuanced investigations of why and how poor farmer wellbeing occurs and how it can be best supported in specific contexts. The research from these four countries has wide relevance across European countries (similarity in farming systems, noting some differences), but a key message from the issue is that stressors on farmer wellbeing can be highly context‐dependent according to place‐based social, environmental, economic and political issues.
Protein O‐GlcNAcylation impairment caused by N‐acetylglucosamine phosphate mutase deficiency leads to growth variations in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jia Xiaochen , Zhang Hongyan , Qin Hongqiang , Li Kuikui , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Wenxia , Ye Mingliang , Yin Heng 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYAs an essential enzyme in the uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐GlcNAc biosynthesis pathway, the significant role of N‐acetylglucosamine phosphate mutase (AGM) remains unknown in plants. In the present study, a functional plant AGM (AtAGM) was identified from Arabidopsis thaliana. AtAGM catalyzes the isomerization of GlcNAc‐1‐P and GlcNAc‐6‐P, and has broad catalytic activity on different phosphohexoses. UDP‐GlcNAc contents were significantly decreased in AtAGM T‐DNA insertional mutants, which caused temperature‐dependent growth defects in seedlings and vigorous growth in adult plants. Further analysis revealed that protein O‐GlcNAcylation but not N‐glycosylation was dramatically impaired in Atagm mutants due to UDP‐GlcNAc shortage. Combined with the results from O‐GlcNAcylation or N‐glycosylation deficient mutants, and O‐GlcNAcase inhibitor all suggested that protein O‐GlcNAcylation impairment mainly leads to the phenotypic variations of Atagm plants. In conclusion, based on the essential role in UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis, AtAGM is important for plant growth mainly via protein O‐GlcNAcylation‐level regulation.
THE ENTANGLED TRINITY, QUANTUM BIOLOGY, AND DEEP INCARNATION
Authors: Simmons Ernest L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBy utilizing the concept of quantum decoherence, augmented by the novel theory of quantum Darwinism, to understand the transition from the quantum to the classical worlds, the scaling up of the concept of quantum entanglement2018 to the biological level offers a fascinating metaphor for the presence of the creative spirit in nature and the “flesh” of Incarnation. This in turn provides helpful theological metaphors for articulating divine presence at the level of life in theistic evolution, partially addressing the issue of evolutionary theodicy by supporting the concept of deep Incarnation. The point of understanding the Incarnation as deeply entangled enfleshment is that it brings the suffering of creation into the life of the Redeemer as well as the Creator, facilitating redemption and hope through the divine life.
A Physics-Driven Method for Determining Wheel—Rail Contact Area With Gradient-Based Optimization
Authors: Liu Long , Yi Bing , Li Daping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a physics-based method to inversely determine wheel—rail contact area in their lifecycle is proposed by introducing a continuous optimization pipeline including filtering and projection procedures. First, the element connectivity parameterization method is introduced to construct continuous objections with discrete contact pairs and formulate the physics-based optimization model. Second, the radius-based filter equation is employed for smoothing the design variables to improve the numerical stability and the differentiable step function is introduced to project smoothed design variables into 0–1 discrete integer space to ensure the solution of the optimization model yields discrete contact pairs. Finally, the method of moving asymptotes is constructed for iteratively updating wheel—rail contact area by analyzing the sensitivity of relaxed optimization formulation with respect to design variables until the algorithm converged. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method to inversely determine the wheel—rail contact points in their lifecycle compared to the line tracing method; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to consider wheel—rail contact area in lifecycle service with both the measured profile and the predicted profile data by gradient-based optimization method.
Computational Design of Multi-State Lattice Structures With Finite Mechanisms for Shape Morphing
Authors: Lumpe Thomas S. , Shea Kristina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShape-morphing structures are beneficial for applications in aerospace, automotive, and architecture since they allow structures to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Finding structural configurations with intrinsic shape-morphing capabilities is, however, difficult due to the complexity of enabling and controlling target deformations while at the same time maintaining structural integrity. Existing solutions are often unstable, hard to fabricate, or limited to a single target state. Here, we show how lattice structures can be designed that morph from an initial state to one or multiple target states with a single kinematic degrees-of-freedom. Thus, the deformations of a structure can be fully controlled by controlling a single input node for every state. Since the structures are designed at the verge of kinematic determinacy, they become statically and kinematically determinate and hence load-carrying upon fixing the actuation node. As all deformations are described by inextensional mechanism modes, the kinematic and mechanical performance of the structures are decoupled and can be tuned individually. We further show that not only the target shape of a structure can be controlled, but also the kinematic path of a target node between its initial and its final position. The results are verified by fabricating the designs using multi-material 3D printing that enables direct fabrication of complex joints. Our work combines advantages of load-carrying lattice structures and distinct topological and geometric design to generate integrated kinematic solutions for a wide range of applications such as morphing wings, robotic grippers, and adaptive building facades.
A Hybrid Response Surface Methodology and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model to Investigate the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Phenolic Antioxidant Additive and Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOverconsumption of fossil fuels has accelerated global warming and raised environmental air pollution levels. Recent studies have looked into the potential use of alternative, environmentally friendly fuels for diesel engines in response to the rising need for oil. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel that is environmentally friendly. The significant increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is the most notable disadvantage of biodiesel. This study examined the effect of antioxidant-treated Jatropha biodiesel on the performance and exhaust emission parameters of a VCR diesel engine. For this study, diesel, Jatropha biodiesel (B30), and phenolic antioxidant additive diphenylamine at 100 ppm are added by weight to the B30 blend named as B30 + DPA fuel blend was used. A hybrid RSM was used in conjunction with CCD and MCDM approaches such as AHP and COPRAS techniques to produce a sustainable model to derive the most accurate optimum models for output responses. From experimental findings, the antioxidant significantly reduced NOx emission. The inclusion of DPA in the tested blend lowered the average NOx emissions and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 7.4% and 7.8%, respectively as compared with B30. Also, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of B30 + DPA is 5.01% and 0.38% higher than diesel and B30, maximum cylinder pressure (CPMax) is 0.9% higher than B30, but 3.4% lower than diesel. The optimal setting of engine input parameters is recorded at compression ratio of 15, 7.5% EGR-HOT, and 12 kg load, for optimum BP, BMEP, BSFC, CPMax, and NOx emissions. Therefore, the B30 + DPA blend is suitable for enhancing diesel engine performance and minimizing exhaust emissions.
Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time
Authors: Ringelberg Jens J. , Koenen Erik J. M. , Sauter Benjamin , Aebli Anahita , Rando Juliana G. , Iganci João R. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Murphy Daniel J. , Gaudeul Myriam , Bruneau Anne , Luckow Melissa , Lewis Gwilym P. , Miller Joseph T. , Simon Marcelo F. , Jordão Lucas S. B. , Morales Matías , Bailey C. Donovan , Nageswara-Rao Madhugiri , Nicholls James A. , Loiseau Oriane , Pennington R. Toby , Dexter Kyle G. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Hughes Colin E. 
Published: February 2023

Early natural historians—Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle—established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.
Associations between type of childhood adversities and labour market participation and employment conditions in young adults
Authors: de Vries Tjeerd Rudmer , Arends Iris , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Bültmann Ute 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCumulative exposure to childhood adversity is associated with a variety of labour market outcomes in young adulthood. It remains largely unclear whether the type of adversity matters in this association. This prospective study examined the differences in exposure to 14 adverse experiences among groups of young adults aged 22 characterised by distinct labour market participation states and employment conditions.MethodsWe used data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15 years of follow-up (N=1524). We included 14 adverse experiences (ages 0–16) across five domains: peer influences, loss or threat of loss, material deprivation, family dynamics and maltreatment. Labour market participation states and employment conditions were assessed at age 22. We used latent class analysis to derive labour market outcome groups, which we subsequently compared on exposure to adverse experiences using pairwise comparisons.ResultsInactive individuals (n=85, 5.6%), often neither in education (77.4%) nor employment (98.6%) and on benefits (94.4%), were more likely to be exposed to many distinct types of adverse experiences (eg, parental addiction, bullying victimisation) as compared with all other groups. Early workers (n=413, 27.1%), often on temporary contracts and low monthly incomes, were more likely to be exposed to parental divorce (22.7%) compared with students with side jobs (12.9%).ConclusionsDifferent adverse experiences are not equally associated with labour market outcomes. Researchers and stakeholders in policy and practice should be aware of the differences between adverse experiences in their importance for labour market outcomes in young adults.
Nucleosynthesis and observation of the heaviest elements
Authors: Holmbeck E. M. , Sprouse T. M. , Mumpower M. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid neutron capture or ‘r process’ of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the natural abundance of heavy elements found on the periodic table above iron (with proton number $$Z=26$$

Z
=
26

) and all of the heavy elements above bismuth ($$Z=83$$

Z
=
83

). In the course of creating the actinides and potentially superheavies, the r process must necessarily synthesize superheavy nuclei (those with extreme proton numbers, neutron numbers or both) far from isotopes accessible in the laboratory. Many questions about this process remain unanswered, such as ‘where in nature may this process occur?’ and ‘what are the heaviest species created by this process?’ In this review, we survey at a high level the nuclear properties relevant for the heaviest elements thought to be created in the r process. We provide a synopsis of the production and destruction mechanisms of these heavy species, in particular the actinides and superheavies, and discuss these heavy elements in relation to the astrophysical r process. We review the observational evidence of actinides found in the Solar system and in metal-poor stars and comment on the prospective of observing heavy-element production in explosive astrophysical events. Finally, we discuss the possibility that future observations and laboratory experiments will provide new information in understanding the production of the heaviest elements.
First application of the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron resonance technique at TRIGA-Trap
Authors: Chenmarev S. , Nagy Sz. , van de Laar J. J. W. , Blaum K. , Block M. , Düllmann Ch. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe phase-imaging ion cyclotron resonance technique (PI-ICR) has been implemented at TRIGA-Trap together with a newly built five-pole cylindrical trap. In PI-ICR the total phase of trapped ions is measured by projecting the ion motion onto a position-sensitive delay-line micro-channel plate detector. The systematic uncertainties have been investigated and first mass measurements on stable Pb isotopes have been performed with PI-ICR. The new technique offers higher mass-resolving power, allows checking for the presence of contaminant ion species, and it proved useful in tuning the harmonicity of the trapping potential as well as in aligning the trap symmetry axis with respect to the magnetic field axis by visualizing the radial ion motion. This is a non-scanning technique where every detected ion contributes equally, therefore it is more sensitive than the previously used time-of-flight ion-cyclotron-resonance (ToF-ICR) technique, which is based on the scanning of the sideband-frequency of trapped ions and recording their time of flight after ejection. It will enable us to carry out high-precision mass measurements in the actinide region with uncertainties on the ppb level.
Optimum filter synthesis with DPLMS method for energy reconstruction
Authors: D’Andrea V. , Riboldi S. , Geraci A. , Burlac N. , Salamida F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimum filters are granted increasing recognition as valuable tools for parametric estimation in many scientific and technical fields. The DPLMS method, introduced some twenty years ago, is especially effective among the synthesis algorithms since it derives the optimum filters directly from the experimentally acquired signal and noise waveforms. Two new extensions of the DPLMS method are here presented. The first one speeds up the synthesis phase and improves the energy estimation results by synthesizing optimum filters with automatically designed flat-top length. The second one improves the quality of parameter estimation in multi-channel systems by taking advantage of the inter-channel noise correlation properties. In this paper, the theoretical and functional aspects behind the DPLMS method for optimum filter synthesis are first recalled and illustrated in more detail. The two new DPLMS extensions are subsequently briefly introduced from the theoretical viewpoint and more thoroughly considered from the applicative perspective. The DPLMS optimum filters have been applied first to simulated signals with various amounts and characteristics of superimposed noise and then to the experimental waveforms acquired from a solid-state Ge detector. The results obtained are considered from both the absolute viewpoint and in comparison with those of more traditional, suboptimal filters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two new DPLMS extensions. For single-channel energy estimations, the synthesized optimum filters provide comparatively better results than the other tested filters. The DPLMS multi-channel optimum filters further enhance the quality of the estimations, compared to single-channel optimum filters, with non-negligible inter-channel noise correlation. The effectiveness and robustness of the DPLMS method in synthesizing high-quality filters for energy estimation will be tested soon within leading-edge multi-channel physics experiments.
On W-operators and superintegrability for dessins d’enfant
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this short note we identify a family of partition functions recently introduced by Wang, Liu, Zhang, and Zhao with certain specializations of the generating function for dessins d’enfant. This provides a new W-description for orbifold strongly monotone Hurwitz numbers and new examples of superintegrability in matrix models.