bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning and Physics: A Survey of Integrated Models
Authors: Seyyedi Azra , Bohlouli Mahdi , Oskoee Seyedehsan Nedaaee 
Published: August 2023

Predictive modeling of various systems around the world is extremely essential from the physics and engineering perspectives. The recognition of different systems and the capacity to predict their future behavior can lead to numerous significant applications. For the most part, physics is frequently used to model different systems. Using physical modeling can also very well help the resolution of complexity and achieve superior performance with the emerging field of novel artificial intelligence and the challenges associated with it. Physical modeling provides data and knowledge that offer a meaningful and complementary understanding about the system. So, by using enriched data and training phases, the overall general integrated model achieves enhanced accuracy. The effectiveness of hybrid physics-guided or machine learning-guided models has been validated by experimental results of diverse use cases. Increased accuracy, interpretability, and transparency are the results of such hybrid models. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of how machine learning and physics can be integrated into an interactive approach. Regarding this, we propose a classification of possible interactions between physical modeling and machine learning techniques. Our classification includes three types of approaches: (1) physics-guided machine learning (2) machine learning-guided physics, and (3) mutually-guided physics and ML. We studied the models and specifications for each of these three approaches in-depth for this survey.
A Phase II Trial of the CD40 Agonistic Antibody Sotigalimab (APX005M) in Combination with Nivolumab in Subjects with Metastatic Melanoma with Confirmed Disease Progression on Anti-PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Weiss Sarah A. , Sznol Mario , Shaheen Montaser , Berciano-Guerrero Miguel-Ángel , Couselo Eva Muñoz , Rodríguez-Abreu Delvys , Boni Valentina , Schuchter Lynn M. , Gonzalez-Cao Maria , Arance Ana , Wei Wei , Ganti Apar Kishor , Hauke Ralph J. , Berrocal Alfonso , Iannotti Nicholas O. , Hsu Frank J. , Kluger Harriet M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Disease progression during or after anti-PD-1-based treatment is common in advanced melanoma. Sotigalimab is a CD40 agonist antibody with a unique epitope specificity and Fc receptor binding profile optimized for activation of CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. Preclinical data indicated that CD40 agonists combined with anti-PD1 could overcome resistance to anti-PD-1.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase II trial to evaluate the combination of sotigalimab 0.3 mg/kg and nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks in patients with advanced melanoma following confirmed disease progression on a PD-1 inhibitor. The primary objective was to determine the objective response rate (ORR).

Results:
Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled and evaluable for safety. Thirty-three were evaluable for activity. Five confirmed partial responses (PR) were observed for an ORR of 15%. Two PRs are ongoing at 45.9+ and 26+ months, whereas the other three responders relapsed at 41.1, 18.7, and 18.4 months. The median duration of response was at least 26 months. Two additional patients had stable disease for &gt;6 months. Thirty-four patients (89%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE), and 13% experienced a grade 3 AE related to sotigalimab. The most common AEs were pyrexia, chills, nausea, fatigue, pruritus, elevated liver function, rash, vomiting, headache, arthralgia, asthenia, myalgia, and diarrhea. There were no treatment-related SAEs, deaths, or discontinuation of sotigalimab due to AEs.

Conclusions:
Sotigalimab plus nivolumab had a favorable safety profile consistent with the toxicity profiles of each agent. The combination resulted in durable and prolonged responses in a subset of patients with anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma, warranting further evaluation in this setting.
See related commentary by Wu and Luke, p. 9
Treatment Response in First-Line Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Is Stratified By a Composite Index of Tumor Proliferation and CD8 T-Cell Infiltration
Authors: Beatty Gregory L. , Delman Devora , Yu Jiayi , Liu Mingen , Li Joey H. , Zhang Liti , Lee Jae W. , Chang Renee B. , Bahary Nathan , Kennedy Eugene P. , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Rossi Gabriela R. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Determinants of treatment outcomes to chemotherapy-based regimens in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remain ill-defined. Our aim was to examine tissue-based correlates of treatment response and resistance using matched baseline and on-treatment biopsies collected from patients with PDA treated in the first-line metastatic setting.

Experimental Design:
Patients with treatment-naïve metastatic PDA were enrolled in a Phase II trial (NCT02077881) investigating gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in combination with indoximod, an orally administered small-molecule inhibitor of the IDO pathway. Baseline and on-treatment biopsies (week 8) of metastatic lesions (88% liver) were collected from a cohort of responders (N = 8) and non-responders (N = 8) based on RECIST v1.1 and examined by multiplex IHC and mRNA sequencing.

Results:
Treatment altered the transcriptional profile of metastatic lesions with a decrease in tumor cell proliferation independent of treatment response. The antiproliferative response was seen in both basal and classical PDA subtypes. PDA subtype was not associated with survival outcomes; instead, genes involved in immune activation distinguished responders from non-responders. Tumor response was associated with an increase in CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltrates into metastatic lesions. A composite of decreased tumor proliferation in response to treatment and increased CD8 T-cell infiltration in metastatic lesions identified responders and associated with a favorable survival outcome.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that inhibiting cancer cell proliferation alone in PDA is insufficient to produce tumor responses and support a role for tumor-extrinsic mechanisms, such as CD8+ T cells, which combine with the cancer cell proliferation index to define treatment outcomes.
Tusamitamab Ravtansine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Phase I Study of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity Using Alternative Dosing Regimens
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Bedard Philippe L. , Bang Yung-Jue , Vieito Maria , Ryu Min-Hee , Fagniez Nathalie , Chadjaa Mustapha , Soufflet Christine , Masson Nina , Gazzah Anas 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:Tusamitamab ravtansine is an antibody–drug conjugate that targets carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and delivers a cytotoxic maytansinoid payload. In a phase I dose-escalation study, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 100 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (Q2W). Here we report results for two alternative schedules.Experimental Design:Adults ages ≥18 years (range, 34–73) with locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors (N = 43; colon/rectum, 29; stomach, 7; pancreas, 4; other, 3) expressing/likely to express CEACAM5 received intravenous tusamitamab ravtansine 120–170 mg/m2 [loading dose (LD)], then 100 mg/m2 Q2W (Q2W-LD, n = 28), or 120–190 mg/m2 fixed dose [every 3 weeks (Q3W), n = 15]. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during cycles 1–2 (Q2W-LD) and cycle 1 (Q3W).Results:Reversible DLTs were observed in 2 of 9 patients (grade 2 keratopathy; grade 2 keratitis) with 170 mg/m2 in Q2W-LD and in 2 of 3 patients (grade 2 keratopathy; grade 3 transaminase elevation) with 190 mg/m2 in Q3W. Nineteen (67.9%) patients in Q2W-LD and 13 (86.7%) patients in Q3W experienced treatment-related adverse events (AE); 3 of 43 patients discontinued treatment because of AEs. The most common AEs were asthenia, gastrointestinal complaints, keratopathy, keratitis, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. In this small, heavily pretreated population, no confirmed responses were observed; however, stable disease occurred in 35.7% of patients in Q2W-LD and 40.0% of patients in Q3W.Conclusions:Tusamitamab ravtansine had a favorable safety profile with both alternative administration schedules; MTDs were 170 mg/m2 (LD) followed by 100 mg/m2 Q2W, and 170 mg/m2 Q3W as a fixed dose. (NCT02187848).Significance:The collective results of this phase I dose-escalation study will inform further studies of tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with solid tumors with CEACAM5 expression, including patients with non–small cell lung cancer.
Cardiac and Metabolic Effects of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The CAMEO-DAPA Trial
Authors: Borlaug Barry A. , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Braun Amanda , Sorimachi Hidemi , Omar Massar , Popovic Dejana , Alogna Alessio , Jensen Michael D. , Carter Rickey 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors reduce risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients who have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unclear. This study sought to determine whether treatment with dapagliflozin affects pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) at rest and during exercise in patients with HFpEF.

METHODS:
This was a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing the effects of 10 mg of dapagliflozin once daily in patients with HFpEF. Patients with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure, ejection fraction ≥50%, and elevated PCWP during exercise were recruited. Cardiac hemodynamics were measured at rest and during exercise using high-fidelity micromanometers at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. The primary end point was a change from baseline in rest and peak exercise PCWPs that incorporated both measurements, and was compared using a mixed-model likelihood ratio test. Key secondary end points included body weight and directly measured blood and plasma volumes. Expired gas analysis was performed evaluate oxygen transport in tandem with arterial lactate sampling.

RESULTS:

Among 38 patients completing baseline assessments (median age 68 years; 66% women; 71% obese), 37 completed the trial. Treatment with dapagliflozin resulted in reduction in the primary end point of change in PCWP at rest and during exercise at 24 weeks relative to treatment with placebo (likelihood ratio test for overall changes in PCWP;
P
<0.001), with lower PCWP at rest (estimated treatment difference [ETD], −3.5 mm Hg [95% CI, −6.6 to −0.4];
P
=0.029) and maximal exercise (ETD, −5.7 mm Hg [95% CI, −10.8 to −0.7];
P
=0.027). Body weight was reduced with dapagliflozin (ETD, −3.5 kg [95% CI, −5.9 to −1.1];
P
=0.006), as was plasma volume (ETD, −285 mL [95% CI, −510 to −60];
P
=0.014), but there was no significant effect on red blood cell volume. There were no differences in oxygen consumption at 20-W or peak exercise, but dapagliflozin decreased arterial lactate at 20 W (−0.70 ± 0.77 versus 0.37 ± 1.29 mM;
P
=0.006).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with HFpEF, treatment with dapagliflozin reduces resting and exercise PCWP, along with the favorable effects on plasma volume and body weight. These findings provide new insight into the hemodynamic mechanisms of benefit with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in HFpEF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04730947.
Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Companion Animals During COVID-19: An Exploratory Study in Portugal
Authors: Duarte Vera , Costa Susana , Cardoso Catarina , Soares Mariana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020 caused many uncertainties. Threatening the wellbeing of both people and their companion animals, the pandemic raised many questions about the role of the interactions and relationships between humans and companion animals in the context of social distancing and all the restrictions it imposes. It was in this setting that an online questionnaire about the behaviors and attitudes toward companion animals during the first lockdown of the coronavirus pandemic in Portugal was developed. The questionnaire received 2,198 validated responses. Four main behaviors and attitudes toward companion animals were identified, comparing the periods before and during the first lockdown: 1) a greater human-animal proximity; 2) a greater confinement of humans and companion animals; 3) the “other” as a threat and the depletion of the support network/system; and 4) increased hygiene practices/decreased healthcare.
Progressive Skull Osteolysis in the Setting of Endotine Implantation: A Case Report
Authors: Ma Emily , Smith Sullivan , Simon Joshua , Prabhu Vikram , Pittman Amy 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To report a case of a 71-year-old woman who presented 8 years following 2 endoscopic brow lift procedures for evaluation of bony irregularities of her frontoparietal skull. To highlight a novel complication of Endotine fixation following an endoscopic brow lift procedure. Methods: A chart review, bicoronal cranioplasty and a review of literature. Results: The patient was satisfied with her post-surgical outcome and no complications were observed at the 1-month follow-up visit. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of focal skull osteolysis relating to Endotine implants. Conclusion: We believe that our patient’s focal calvarial osteolysis is a direct complication of Endotine fixation. Future research into the long-term effects of endoscopic brow lift procedures using Endotine implants is necessary to help ensure patient safety and guide future practices.
QTc prolongation in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Du Wei , Ge Meng-Wei , Hu Fei-Hong , Jia Yi-Jie , Zhao Dan-Yan , Cheng Yu-Jie , Chen Hong-Lin 
Published: August 2023

Background: QTc prolongation is one of the possible complications in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics, which leads to malignant cardiac arrhythmia. No meta-analysis has been reported assessing the prevalence and correlated risk factors for QTc prolongation. Methods: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the evidence for the prevalence of QTc prolongation and correlated risk factors in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics. Web of Science and PubMed were searched according to preset strategy. The quality of research was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: In all, 15 studies covering 15,540 patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics were included. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of QTc prolongation in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics was about 4.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0%–5.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence was about 4.0% in Asia (95%CI: 3.0%–6.0%, p < 0.001), about 5.0% in Europe (95%CI: 2.0%–7.0%, p < 0.001), and about 2.0% in America (95%CI: 1.0%–3.0%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses indicated the robustness of the result. Publication bias analysis reported a certain publication bias ( t = 3.37, p = 0.012). Meta-regression suggested that female and elderly patients were clinically associated with a higher prevalence of QTc prolongation. According to included studies, smoking, comorbidity of cardiovascular disease, and abnormal levels of high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein might be related to QTc prolongation in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics. Conclusions: The prevalence of QTc prolongation in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics was about 4.0%. Female and elderly patients were more likely to experience QTc prolongation. Close electrocardiogram monitoring was suggested in these at-risk populations.
Perioperative administration of dexamethasone to prevent postoperative shivering: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tu Qiguo , Zhou Rong , Wan Zhengzuo , Chen Shan , Yang Qinqin , Que Bin 
Published: August 2023

Objective To evaluate the perioperative administration of dexamethasone to prevent postoperative shivering. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies of the administration of dexamethasone to prevent postoperative shivering published through 31 May 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative shivering. Secondary outcomes comprised the incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). RevMan 5.3 software was used for the data analysis. Results We included 12 randomized controlled trials (1276 participants). The results revealed a benefit favoring the perioperative administration of dexamethasone to prevent postoperative shivering (relative risk [RR]: 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.63), as well as the grade of shivering. The administration of dexamethasone also reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea (RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39–0.73), postoperative vomiting (RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20–0.65), and PONV (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26–0.95) compared with the control group. Conclusion This study indicated that perioperative administration of dexamethasone prevented postoperative shivering and decreased the incidence of other complications. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020164488.
Why Matter Matters: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Relevance of New Materialism
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: August 2023

New materialism encompasses a heterogeneous range of perspectives – which share some common themes with Indigenous beliefs and cosmologies – that collectively recognise the vibrancy and affective capabilities of matter. This novel interdisciplinary article makes an important conceptual and empirical contribution to addressing the fact that, to date, scholarship on conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) has largely overlooked new materialism. The article is not seeking to convince readers that a new materialist framework is superior to other frameworks applied to CRSV research. The objective, rather, is to demonstrate that new materialism can further enrich how we approach and study CRSV. It explores how new materialism challenges us to think in expanded and more creative ways about two concepts that are widely emphasised in extant scholarship on CRSV – structure and agency. It also draws on interviews with victims-/survivors of CRSV in Bosnia-Herzegovina to practically illustrate the relevance of new materialism and to suggest some potential avenues for future research. The article makes clear that adding a new materialist lens to the study of CRSV is not about diminishing the importance of victims-/survivors, their experiences and narratives. It is about situating them within wider relational and affective assemblages, asking new questions and acknowledging the significance of non-human agencies. Pourquoi la matière importe: Les violences sexuelles liées aux conflits et la pertinence du néo-matérialisme
Decomposing the Gap in Contraceptive Use Among Female Adolescents and Young Women Aged 15-24 in India: An Analysis of Appended Datasets of NFHS-4 and 5
Authors: Sharma Himani , Singh Shri Kant 
Published: August 2023

Purpose Owing to the reproductive health needs of the budding adolescent and young population, the present study aims to determine the factors associated with and decomposing the gap in contraceptive use among adolescents and young women in India. Design Cross sectional design. SettingThe present study is based in India using the appended datasets (IV and V rounds) of the Indian Demographic Health Survey (DHS), also known as National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2015-16 and 2019-21. Sample The adequate sample size was 475,294 adolescents and young women in NFHS-4 and 229,705 in NFHS-5, totaling 704,999 adolescents (appended for NFHS-4 and 5) for the present study. Measures Sociodemographic, sexual and reproductive history and contraceptive measures. Analysis Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a binary logistic regression model were executed. Additionally, a decomposition technique called Fairlie decomposition was employed to identify the primary causes of the difference in the prevalence of contraceptive use between the two survey periods. Results Almost 96% of young women aged 15-24 knew about contraception, but only 12% used it. Regression analysis revealed that contraceptive use was associated with higher age (AOR 1.09), higher education (AOR 1.28), married adolescents (AOR 4.08), richest wealth quantile (AOR 2.95), joint decision making (AOR 4.40), knowledge of ovulatory cycle (AOR 1.47), interaction with a health worker about any methods of family planning (AOR 3.29) and three and above children ever born (AOR 18.54). Decomposition analysis showed that factors like decision-making of contraception, age, interaction with family planning worker, the intention of last pregnancy, place of residence and age at first sex contributed to increasing the probability of contraceptive use from NFHS-4 to 5. Conclusion A target-based approach dedicated to understanding the mindset of adolescents and keeping up with their unique needs is the need of the hour.
Stress Impact and Care for COVID-19: Pilot Education and Support Course Decreases Burnout Among Nursing Students
Authors: Peterson Kerry , Mundo William , McGladrey Laura , Aagaard Laurra M. , Stalder Sarah , Cook Paul F. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Nurses and nursing students have been at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, often working in conditions that produce stress injuries and burnout. Early recognition and mitigation of stress and emotional trauma help prevent burnout. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of an online 8-hour stress awareness course and associated 1-hour support group in reducing stress and burnout among nursing students. Methods: We conducted a program evaluation for an online stress awareness pilot course offered to nursing students. The course, and associated support groups led by trained psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner students, included a common language for talking about stress, screening tools for recognizing stress injuries, and strategies for improving self-care. Students completed pre- and post-course surveys. Outcome measures included changes on course learning objectives, level of burnout, health-related locus of control, and experiences of stress and coping. Results: Nursing students ( n = 360) enrolled in the course, and 224 (62%) completed pre- and post-course surveys. Sixty percent rated the course excellent or very good. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales and Impact of Event Scale Revised scores were within established normal ranges. There was a significant increase in all nine course learning objectives ( p < .001) and decreased signs of stress ( p < .001). Students’ level of burnout decreased by odds ratio = 0.58 (95% CI: [0.4, 0.9], p < .006). Conclusions: Nursing leaders can use psychoeducational strategies to mitigate the impact of stress, build confidence, and support nursing students entering the workforce during these unprecedented times.