bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning technique unraveled subspecies‐specific ionomic variation with the preferential mineral enrichment in rice
Authors: Tiozon Rhowell N. , Buenafe Reuben J. Q. , Jain Vinay , Sen Partha , Molina Lilia R. , Anacleto Roslen , Sreenivasulu Nese 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo enrich micronutrients in rice through breeding and to identify biofortified donor lines, screening a large diversity panel of major subspecies of rice accessions for their ionomes is necessary.FindingsInductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was deployed to profile grain ionomes from 1100 rice accessions. Classification models derived for multidimensional ionomics data using a random forest model, support vector machine, and artificial neural network predicted three distinct groups that differ in ionomic levels with higher prediction accuracy (76.8%–85.1%). While class A showed inferior lines in mineral content, class B and C represent superior lines with enriched multiple minerals. The identified contrasting lines from the modeling classifications were milled and profiled for minerals and toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and revealed donors with an elevated mineral content even higher than the Zn‐biofortified rice lines.ConclusionOverall, the result of this study provided new insights into ionomic variation among subspecies with a preferential enrichment of minerals in temperate japonica and admixed populations coincided with increased grain protein content, while in indica median mineral content is low while selected for increased amylose content.Significance and NoveltyArtificial intelligence models were developed to predict grains enriched with multiple minerals.
Pancreas divisum in a young patient with chronic abdominal pain as per radiological findings: A case report
Authors: Kayastha Prakash , Pokhrel Biraj , Bhatta Uma , Pathak Roshan , Jha Goody , Paudel Sharma , Suwal Sundar , Regmi Dosti 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessagePancreas divisum (PD) can be one of the causes of unexplained chronic abdominal pain. In PD, the dominant duct drains the majority of the pancreas via the minor papilla, which can be conveyed in the imaging as crossing duct sign.AbstractWe report a case a of 16‐year‐old man who presented with unexplained chronic abdominal pain. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a bulky pancreas, but his pancreatic enzymes were normal. The crossing duct sign was prominent in imaging, which confirmed the diagnosis of PD.
Aortoiliac graft‐enteric fistula presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A report on a complex case management
Authors: Azzopardi Michael , Wallace Tom , Khaled Yazan S. 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageIliac artery‐enteric fistula is a rare cause of lower GI bleeding and can cause life‐threatening consequences. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed in patients with previous aortic surgery to allow early multidisciplinary intervention.AbstractThis case study discusses the staged management of a 78‐year‐old patient presenting with life‐threatening lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding secondary to an aortoiliac graft‐enteric fistula (GEF) into the sigmoid colon on the background of an adenocarcinoma and diverticular disease. The patient had an aorto bi‐iliac synthetic dacron graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) some 20 years ago. Here, we present a case of successful endovascular treatment of massive hemorrhage as a bridge to definitive second‐stage dacron graft explant and autologous vein reconstruction with a simultaneous anterior resection.
Modeling and Simulation of a Zeolite Heat Storage with Binderless Zeolites
Authors: Rönsch Stefan , Eichler Johanna , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZeolite heat storages are one measure to contribute to the German Climate Change Act and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the heating sector. However, due to the challenging process engineering, those storages did not reach a commercial breakthrough yet. To overcome this obstacle, intensive process simulation work is required. Thereby, the simulation models have to pay attention to recent innovations regarding the zeolite synthesis. One of those innovations is the preparation of binderless zeolites. Behind this background, it was achieved by the present work to develop and validate a simulation model for zeolite‐based heat storage processes using binderless zeolites of type NaY.
Probing Interactions between Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Biomolecules
Authors: Tadgell Ben , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChiral plasmonic nanoparticles (and their assemblies) interact with biomolecules in a variety of different ways, resulting in distinct optical signatures when probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These systems show promise for biosensing applications and offer several advantages over achiral plasmonic systems. Arguably the most notable advantage is that chiral nanoparticles can differentiate between molecular enantiomers and can, therefore, act as sensors for enantiomeric purity. Furthermore, chiral nanoparticles can couple more effectively to chiral biomolecules in biological systems if they have a matching handedness, improving their effectiveness as biomedical agents. In this article, we review the different types of interactions that occur between chiral plasmonic nanoparticle systems and biomolecules, and discuss how circular dichroism spectroscopy can probe these interactions and inform how to optimize systems for biosensing and biomedical applications.
Amorphous TiO2 shells: an Essential Elastic Buffer Layer for High‐Performance Self‐Healing Eutectic GaSn Nano‐Droplet Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Battery
Authors: Li Lian , Wang Kaizhao , Wang Kaijun , Chen Tianyou , Wang Jing , Deng Zhongshan , Chen Qingming , Zhang Weijun , Hu Jin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGallium‐based alloy liquid metal batteries currently face limitations such as volume expansion, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film and substantial capacity decay. In this study, amorphous titanium dioxide is used to coat eutectic GaSn nanodroplets (eGaSn NDs) to construct the core‐shell structure of eGaSn@TiO2 nanodroplets (eGaSn@TiO2 NDs). The amorphous TiO2 shell (~6.5 nm) formed a stable SEI film, alleviated the volume expansion, and provided electron/ion transport channels to achieve excellent cycling performance and high specific capacity. The resulting eGaSn@TiO2 NDs exhibited high capacities of 580, 540, 515, 485, 456 and 426 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 C, respectively. No significant decay was observed after more than 500 cycles with a capacity of 455 mAh g−1 at 1 C. In situ X‐ray diffraction (in situ XRD) was used to explore the lithiation mechanism of the eGaSn negative electrode during discharge. This study elucidates the design of advanced liquid alloy‐based negative electrode materials for high‐performance liquid metal batteries (LMBs).
Theoretical Prediction of Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using a 2D Catalyst Composed of 3 d Transition Metal and Hexaamine Dipyrazino Quinoxaline
Authors: Zeng Xianshi , Liao Luliang , Yu Qiming , Wang Meishan , Wang Hongming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransition metals and organic ligands combine to form metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess distinct active sites, large specific surface areas and stable porous structures, giving them considerable promise for CO2 reduction electrocatalysis. In the present study, using spin polarisation density‐functional theory, a series of 2D MOFs constructed from 3d transition metal and hexamethylene dipyrazoline quinoxaline(HADQ) were investigated. The calculated binding energies between HADQ and metal atoms for the ten TM‐HADQ monolayers were strong sufficient to stably disperse the metal atoms in the HADQ monolayers. Of the ten catalysts tested, seven (Sc, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ti, V and Cr) exhibited high CO2 reduction selectivity, while Mn, Fe and Co required pH values above 2.350, 6.461 and 6.363, respectively, to exhibit CO2 reduction selectivity. HCOOH was the most important producer for Sc, Zn, Ni and Mn, while CH4 was the main producer for Ti, Cr, Fe and V. Cu and Co were less selective, producing HCHO, CH3OH, and CH4 simultaneously at the same rate‐determining step and limiting potential. The Cu‐HADQ catalyst had a high overpotential for the HCHO product (1.022 V), while the other catalysts had lower overpotentials between 0.016 V and 0.792 V. Thus, these results predict TM‐HADQ to show excellent activity in CO2 electrocatalytic reduction and to become a promising electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
Numerical study of the gas–solid flow pattern in methanol to olefiens fluidized bed reactor: Cold model
Authors: Gholami Fatemeh , Movahedirad Salman , Sobati Mohammad Amin , Babaei Mojtaba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the hydrodynamic behaviour of a three‐dimensional bubbling fluidized bed reactor was studied using the finite volume method and granular kinetic theory. The effect of two types of gas distributors (i.e., perforated and porous plates) on the gas/solid hydrodynamic was investigated. The residence time distribution model was utilized to check the deviation of the gas flow pattern from the ideal flow patterns for two types of distributors. The parameters indicating the degree of back‐mixing, such as mean residence time and dimensionless variance, were calculated. Also, the model was verified through the comparison of the particle velocity with experimental data obtained by the particle image velocimetry–digital image processing (PIV‐DIA) technique. It was found that the gas flow pattern in the present bubbling fluidized bed is closer to the mixed flow than the plug flow pattern. It was also found that the porous plate distributor gives more uniform hydrodynamic distributions of gas and solid in the bed, which results in better gas–solid mixing due to the formation of the smaller bubbles.
Topographic organization in the cerebellar nuclei and inferior olive in relation to cerebellar hemispheric lobules in the mouse: Distinction between crus I and neighboring lobules
Authors: Owusu‐Mensah Richard Nana Abankwah , Sarpong Gideon Anokye , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe parallel closed‐loop topographic connections between subareas of the inferior olive (IO), cerebellar cortex, and cerebellar nuclei (CN) define the fundamental modular organization of the cerebellum. The cortical modules or zones are organized into longitudinal zebrin stripes which are extended across transverse cerebellar lobules. However, how cerebellar lobules, which are related to the cerebellar functional localization, are incorporated into the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear topographic organization has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the lobular topography in the CN and IO by making 57 small bidirectional tracer injections in the lateral zebrin‐positive stripes equivalent with C2, D1, and D2 zones in every hemispheric lobule in zebrin stripe‐visualized mice.C2, D1, and D2 zones were connected to the lateral part of the posterior interpositus nucleus (lPIN), and caudal and rostral parts of the lateral nucleus (cLN, rLN), respectively, and from the rostral part of the medial accessory olive (rMAO), and ventral and dorsal lamellas of the PO (vPO, dPO), respectively, as reported. Within these areas, crus I was specifically connected to the ventral parts of the lPIN, cLN, and rLN, and from the rostrolateral part of the rMAO and the lateral parts of the vPO and dPO.The results indicated that the cerebellar modules have lobule‐related subdivisions and that crus I is topographically distinct from other lobules. We speculate that crus I and crus I‐connected subdivisions in the CN and IO are involved more in nonmotor functions than other neighboring areas in the mouse.
Preparation of glucuronides using liver microsomes and their characterization by 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: Application to fentanyl metabolites
Authors: Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Okada Yuki , Segawa Hiroki , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kuwayama Kenji , Tsujikawa Kenji , Iwata Yuko T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA simple, low‐cost method for preparing glucuronic acid‐conjugated metabolites was developed using fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, as a model drug. Five glucuronic acid‐conjugated metabolites of fentanyl were measured in the culture medium of fresh human hepatocytes incubated with fentanyl. These glucuronides were also formed by incubation of their corresponding substrates (e.g., 4′‐hydroxy‐fentanyl and β‐hydroxy‐fentanyl) with uridine 5′‐diphosphoglucuronic acid and human liver microsomes (HLM). Experiments using liver microsomes of several animals revealed that significant species differences exist in the glucuronide formation patterns; fentanyl glucuronide was only formed in HLM, and 4′‐hydroxy‐fentanyl glucuronide was formed much more in rat liver microsomes (RLM) than HLM and dog liver microsomes. Furthermore, surprisingly, HLM and RLM showed opposite substrate selectivity for the enantiomers of β‐hydroxy‐fentanyl. Submilligram amounts of three of these metabolites, namely, 4′‐hydroxy‐fentanyl glucuronide and two glucuronides of β‐hydroxy‐fentanyl, were prepared by using HLM or RLM. The products were readily purified with a reversed‐phase/anion‐exchange mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction cartridge, and then, their chemical structures were confirmed by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. In addition, the products were quantitated by quantitative NMR, and the yields were 3.6–69%.
Ring Transformation of α‐Amino‐β‐oxoesters to δ‐Butyrolactams
Authors: Krieger Daniel , Christoffers Jens 
Published: August 2023

Abstractδ‐Butyrolactams with an exocyclic ester moiety in the δ‐position were accessed by reduction of 1‐azido‐2‐cyclopentanone carboxylates with PBu3 or Zn−AcOH. The ring transformation proceeded readily under the conditions of this reduction which is an unprecedented process. Primary amines formed by catalytic hydrogenation of α‐azido‐β‐oxoesters with larger ring sizes or with benzannulation do not show this rearrangement under the conditions of the azide reduction. In these cases, the ring transformation to respective lactams was achieved by treatment of the α‐amino‐β‐oxoesters with a stoichiometric amount of lithium diisopropylamide.
Hydraulischer Grundbruch in runden Baugruben mit Entspannungsbohrungen
Authors: Andermahr Nicholas , Ziegler Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDer Einsatz von Entspannungsbohrungen zur Verringerung der Auswirkungen einer vertikal nach oben gerichteten Strömung hat sich als konstruktive Maßnahme bewährt, um die Gefahr eines hydraulischen Grundbruchs bei Baugruben im Grundwasser zu vermeiden. In den gültigen Normen und Regelwerken werden allerdings lediglich allgemeine Hinweise zur Verwendung von Entspannungsbohrungen gegeben. Ein Konzept, um den Nachweis gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch unter Verwendung von Entspannungsbohrungen zu führen, fehlt bislang ebenso wie definierte Angaben zu deren Anordnung und dem Einfluss der Baugrubengeometrie. Daher war das Ziel einer Forschungsarbeit am Lehrstuhl für Geotechnik der RWTH Aachen University die Erstellung eines Nachweiskonzepts gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch bei Anordnung von Entspannungsbohrungen. Als Ergebnis entstand ein Berechnungsansatz, mit dem unter Berücksichtigung der Strömungsverhältnisse beim Einsatz von Entspannungsbohrungen die Geometrie des maßgebenden Bruchkörpers ermittelt werden kann. An diesem Bruchkörper kann anschließend der Nachweis gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch geführt werden. Darauf aufbauend wurden letztlich für typische Baugrubengeometrien Bemessungsdiagramme in dimensionsloser Darstellung erstellt.
Is Africa's food insecurity linked to land use coverage, irrigation adoption and water scarcity?
Authors: Bedasa Yadeta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe low agricultural yield and production in Africa, ongoing food insecurity and ineffective use of farm inputs are the main motivations for this study. Hence, to increase agricultural productivity, fundamental adjustments to resource management and policy are needed. However, there has been little prior research on how Africa's food security is affected by inadequate land usage and water availability. As a result, farmers are given access to insufficient water projects, which lowers agricultural productivity due to ineffective government operations and poor water resource management. Despite many unfavourable changes to their rainfed agricultural systems, many smallholder farmers have not embraced irrigation investment. The results of this study indicated that more irrigation and better management of land were required to increase productivity in water‐scarce areas. The acceptance of irrigation by farmers greatly depends on their social and cultural knowledge, their participation in new projects, methods and technologies, as well as their capacity to adapt. The key policy implication is an increase in irrigation in an effort to boost agricultural growth and reduce food insecurity. It is advised that the participation of stakeholders, planners and policymakers at all levels is the foundation of water development and management.
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities
Authors: Lonsdorf Eric V. , Gerber James S. , Ray Deepak , Slater Steven J. , Allison Taber D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs wind energy expands to achieve the United States' net zero emission goals, compensatory mitigation will be required to offset negative effects on birds and bats. The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is particularly susceptible to collision with wind turbines, but only 1 option for offsetting mortalities has been approved by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service despite many sources of anthropogenic‐caused mortality. We update a previously developed vehicle‐collision model with data collected during 3 winters from 2016 to 2019 and integrate a resource equivalency analysis so that relocation of road‐killed game animals can be used as mitigation to offset incidental mortality. We parameterized golden eagle behaviors using motion‐sensitive cameras placed at roadside carcasses. We quantified the effects of different carcass‐relocation schemes based on vehicle and carcass characteristics observed for Wyoming, USA. Our model results indicate that while eagles saved per relocated carcass depends on relocation interval and vehicle traffic volume, carcass relocation is a viable mitigation strategy; up to 7 eagles could be saved each year in some counties. While some uncertainty remains about the precise credit received from each carcass relocated, delaying the inclusion of additional mitigation methods prevents opportunities for conservation action. An adaptive management program could be a way forward where management and monitoring are combined to further improve estimates of mitigation credit.
Development of Automated Tool for Electrode Array Insertion and its Study on Intracochlear Pressure
Authors: Zagabathuni Aparna , Padi Kishore Kumar , Kameswaran Mohan , Subramani Kanagaraj 
Published: August 2023

Cochlear implantation is the most successful approach for people with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Manual insertion of the electrode array may result in damaging the soft tissue structures and basilar membrane. An automated electrode array insertion device is reported to be less traumatic in cochlear implant surgery.ObjectivesThe present work develops a simple, reliable, and compact device for automatically inserting the electrode array during cochlear implantation and test the device to observe intracochlear pressure during simulated electrode insertion.MethodsThe device actuates the electrode array by a roller mechanism. For testing the automated device, a straight cochlea having the dimension of the scala tympani and a model electrode is developed using a 3D printer. A pressure sensor is utilized to observe the pressure change at different insertional conditions.ResultsThe electrode is inserted into a prototype cochlea at different speeds without any pause, and it is noticed that the pressure is increased with the depth of insertion of the electrode irrespective of the speed of electrode insertion. The rate of pressure change is observed to be increased exponentially with the speed of insertion.ConclusionAt an insertion speed of 0.15 mm/s, the peak pressure is observed to be 133 Pa, which can be further evaluated in anatomical models for clinical scenarios.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1388–1395, 2024
Interarytenoid injection outcomes in pediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Stack Taylor J. , Carrasco Maria C. , Shah Joel , Zdanski Carlton J. , Roberts Jason 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesType 1 laryngeal clefts (LC1) and deep interarytenoid grooves contribute to pediatric feeding disorders. Management of these defects remains heterogeneous among surgeons and interarytenoid injection augmentation (IIA) is not always offered as a treatment option. This study evaluated IIA outcomes among a pediatric patient cohort comprised mostly of those with deep interarytenoid grooves.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective chart review featured children under the age of 5 years presenting for aspiration, dysphagia, or choking. Over the period of 7 years (January 2014–October 2021), 39 met inclusion criteria and had sufficient follow‐up data. Descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 39 included patients, 76.92% had clinical improvement post‐injection, with the mean time to follow‐up being 47 days. Within the deep interarytenoid groove group, improvement rates were 82.76%. Bronchoscopy findings revealed 29 (74.36%) patients with a DIG, 3 (7.69%) with LC1, 3 (7.69%) with no anatomic abnormality, and 4 (10.26%) with vocal cord paralysis. There were no adverse events. There were no associations with the outcomes based on subgroup analysis and logistic regression.ConclusionsIIA is an effective and safe treatment for pediatric feeding disorders. No covariates were associated with symptom improvement. Within the deep interarytenoid groove diagnosis subgroup, IIA effectively improved symptoms. Further investigations are needed to explore predictors of success with IIA in this population.Level of EvidenceVI.
Structure–Property Relationships of Solution‐Processable Diarylethene‐Based Main‐Chain Photochromic Polymers
Authors: Gwebu Sandile , Marshall David , Sonar Prashant , Philippa Bronson , Vamvounis George 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA series of alternating copolymers of a dithienylethene with di‐n‐alkyl‐fluorene (P1–P3), di‐n‐hexylphenylene (P4), 9‐heptadecanylcarbazole (P5), and 4,8‐bis(3,5‐dioctyl‐2‐thienyl)‐1,5‐dithia‐s‐indacene (P6) are designed, synthesized, and characterized. All of the polymers are soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran. The side‐chain length affected the solubility of the polymer, molecular weight, and the glass transition temperature. Solutions of P1–P6 show photochromism with high quantum yields of 6‐π electrocyclization (41–87%) and cycloreversion (0.4–1.1%). These polymers also formed uniform thin films and the rates of solid state photoisomerization are measured relative to P4, which has the highest cyclization and cycloreversion rates. The color of the photochromic polymer is tuned according to the comonomer and the maximum absorption wavelength ranged from 569 to 675 nm in the closed isomeric form. All the polymers are thermally stable and show no signs of photodegradation after being exposed to UV‐light for 120 min in air. Based on these promising results, these polymers may be useful for multifunctional organic electronic devices.