bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Perspective to Resolve Behavioral Biases in Business Negotiation: Dao
Authors: Liang Jiaxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In business negotiations, negotiators’ behavioral biases can lead to irrational negotiation performance and further injure long-term business development. Dao, an ancient Chinese philosophical theory, can provide negotiators with a new perspective on considering reasons and solutions to behavioral biases by analyzing complex situations in business negotiation in a more comprehensive and objective manner. A feature of Dao is Yin Yang, and the essence of Dao is composed of causality and unforeseen events. Causality is not always apparent. According to the Dao framework, the combination of the mix of ‘Yin and Yang,’ ‘broader effects,’ the time gap between cause and effect, and unforeseen events in business negotiation can distort negotiators’ perspectives and lead to behavioral biases. This article discusses the formation of behavioral biases from the perspective of Dao and how to reduce the biases in business negotiations according to the wisdom of Dao.
Intimate Partner Violence in Denmark: a Study of Offending Patterns Based on Official Statistics
Authors: Loewenstein Kristian Moesgaard , Harinam Vincent , Ariel Barak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Danish studies of intimate partner violence (ipv) using police data are scarce, in part because access to records had been limited. The present study reduces critical gaps in the scholarly literature by examining ipv offending patterns in Denmark, using nearly 10,000 ipv incidents reported to the North Zealand Police, Denmark (2015–2019). We explore a common framework for analysing ipv, by observing (a) frequency, (b) severity, (c) intermittency, (d) escalation, and (e) concentrations of ipv. Harm is estimated using the Danish Crime Harm Index, which is based on the sentencing guidelines as an objective rod for estimating severity. Findings support the gender-based explanation for ipv, with males causing considerably more and higher harm than female offenders. Furthermore, the likelihood of re-offending only predicable not for 1/3 of the ipv offender population and rarely for high-harm incidents as they usually have no prior or no subsequent contact with the police. While there is a tendency towards escalation of harm between contacts to the police for all offenders, no such consistent pattern is discernible for ipv offenders who cause serious harm to their victims. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Akteure im Hintergrund
Authors: Amend-Traut Anja 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Already since the emergence of supra-national trade, merchants and trading companies have made use of so-called Faktoren (factors) to establish and expand their business networks. The increasing differentiation of the factor activity was first taken into account by the case law and commercial expert opinions, so-called pareres, which were subsequently received and finally led to the commercial codifications by constituting their own legal figures for dependent and independent action, in particular the assistants, the power of attorney and the commission. As part of this consolidation process, the special need for protection of trade and its trust in the persons appointed by the principal, who bore the risk of having used third parties for his interests, was implemented. Long before this risk distribution led to the ALR and subsequent trade laws, this fundamental trading ethos was established and further developed by merchants and lawyers alike. Only this further training and transfer to new constellations and legal figures formed the basis for the distinction between a commercial and civil law obligation of the represented person for his representative.
A proposito di un falso solecismo. Note su Crisippo, SVF III 769
Authors: Biondi Francesca 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The study of solecisms was one of the interests of the Stoic Chrysippus, as testified by Diogenes Laërtius (7, 192); for Lucian Lives at Enchantment 23 the study of solecisms is indeed a distinctive element of his linguistic interests. In SVF III 769 Chrysippus following Zoilus of Amphipolis interprets as a syntax error a particular Homeric verbal form whereas it constitutes the evidence of a rare form relevant for the history of the Greek language.
The Constitutional Dimension of the UN Charter Revisited: Almost One Quarter of a Century Later
Authors: Dupuy Pierre-Marie 
Published: December 2022

The question of whether the Charter of the United Nations can be considered as the constitution of the international legal order was first examined by the present author here 25 years ago. At that time, it was noted that this issue raises a number of conceptual and theoretical problems that need to be briefly recalled in this paper. 25 years later, however, the question is whether the practical behaviour of States and the actual impact of their references to the Charter as a “constitution” confirm the validity of this thesis, which, it should be noted, originated in doctrine and was first put forward by scholars from federal States, including, in the first instance, Germany and the United States.
In accordance with the wishes of the editors of this yearbook, the present article was written before the outbreak of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022. As a consequence, the examination of State practice both in terms of the authority conferred on the UN Security Council (organic test) and the norms it was able to adopt during that period as well as the way in which the International Court of Justice itself dealt with the Charter (normative test) led to a very nuanced conclusion as to the relevance of the constitutionalist theory in positive law. They also raise the issue of the criteria for appreciating what is a « good theory » one of them being for sure that is should not lead to any kind of dogmatism.
Whatever the case, the very broad condemnation of the Russian aggression in Ukraine from the outset, notably by the United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session, together with the reactions of several other international bodies as well as heads of State or Governments, make it possible to note that the United Nations Charter is indeed still considered, at least by more than three thirds of the members of the United Nations, as the cornerstone of the international legal order. Does this necessarily mean that this instrument should be qualified as a “constitution” in the technical sense that some domestic public laws and political traditions mean it? The question still deserves to be asked. Here again, it very much remains an issue of definition; but the term is probably less important than the actual reality.
Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Sixth Edition (1642, Blaeu)
Authors: Corredera Edward Jones , Dufour Pablo Nicolas , Muschel Lara , Salerno Emanuele , Twining Timothy , Somos Mark 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article constitutes the sixth instalment in our series on the census and study of the reception of the first nine editions of De iure belli ac pacis. This edition has long held a prominent place in studies and editions of Grotius’s work since it was the last published during his lifetime. The report first outlines the genesis of the edition in the context of Grotius’s relationship with Johann Blaeu (1596–1673) and Cornelius Blaeu (1610–1642), who had recently inherited the Blaeu print firm from their father Willem. It then elucidates a number of crucial ways in which the 1642 edition differed from the five previous editions, especially via the addition of an extensive new series of annotations to ibp and a separate set addressed to the Epistle of Philemon. Finally, it concludes by providing the preliminary results of the census concerning the one hundred and twenty-one copies we have found.
ngo-ization as Legitimization: The “Engineering” of a Senegalese Shi‘i Islamic Development Model
Authors: Leichtman Mara A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Senegal’s Shi‘i Muslim leaders have been establishing religious centers as ngo s, which bring material and spiritual development to neighborhoods and villages. Obtaining ngo status grants legitimacy and convinces a growing network of followers of the wider benefits of adhering to a minority branch of Islam. This article uses a framework of “development brokerage,” “religious engineering,” and “translation” to examine one Shi‘i ngo’s presentation of self. A promotional video illustrates the Shi‘i development project for Western and Muslim donors and the Senegalese state by appropriating the global discourse of international development. This example is contrasted with a religious ceremony for converts grounded in the universal rhetoric of Islamic salvation and the exclusivity of belonging to a local West African community of Shi‘a. Through employing multiple linguistic registers strategically adapted for distinct audiences, ngo leaders assert authority and cultivate a self-sustaining society of moral and ethical Shi‘a able to contribute to the Senegalese nation.
A “diary of events” to support the management actions on two beach-nesting birds of conservation concern: Historicization of experiences, learned lessons, and SWOT analysis
Authors: Battisti Corrado , Perchinelli Marisa , Luiselli Luca , Amori Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the project management actions, a chain of fine-grained events occur, both of bio-ecological and anthropic origin. While some may be expected or planned, others may be unforeseen. This work proposes the drafting of a ‘diary of events’ reporting bio-ecological and anthropogenic events, these last having both negative and positive impacts. This diary can be carried out using a schematic form, aiming to highlight the cause-effect relationships between events, the management responses, and the lessons learned. Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (i.e., the internal and external conditioning factors) linked to these events (SWOT analysis) to make a case of study from the real world, we applied this approach to a project aimed at protecting nests of two species of conservation interest (Charadrius alexandrinus and C. dubius) in a protected coastal area of central Italy.
Habit and Doubt in the Classroom: Everyday Media Literacy in a Norwegian Upper Secondary School
Authors: Fasting Mia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Even though several students are experienced producers of audiovisual texts in their everyday lives, there is no quick fix to transfer these media production skills to the formal school setting. This article is based on a classroom study from a science class in a Norwegian upper secondary school. Instead of what they have become accustomed to in the subject – making written or oral reports – they were asked to create video reports using smartphone applications they have learned to use in everyday life. The article argues that the students meet such a task with doubt and they do not necessarily draw upon their vernacular skills in the formal school setting were the tradition of the linguistic text is well rooted. The habit of producing verbal texts in school is challenging to break and video production is experienced as difficult and time consuming. However, this article argues that there is much to be gained if teaching supports students to ‘break habits’. While this opens for students’ doubts and hesitations, breaking habits also can inspire inquiry, creativity and new learning.
“Miseries, Tribulations, and Calamities”: António de Gouveia as an Eye-witness to the Seventeenth-century Eurasian Crisis
Authors: Gomes Cristina Costa , Cunha João Teles e 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The “General Crisis of the Seventeenth-Century” as a concept was first applied to Europe, where the Portuguese Restoration of 1640 was one of its most striking episodes, when a national dynasty dethroned a foreign one. Geoffrey Parker extended its use worldwide, having in mind similar events taking place all over the globe, namely in China, where dynastic transition took centre stage. Some parallels can be drawn between the two sides of Eurasia, though sometimes in opposite terms (e.g., while the Braganzas were Portuguese, the Qing were Manchu).
Among the coincidences occurring in both countries during dynastic changes, there is mention to omens and wondrous signs, interpreted as manifestations of something about to change, breaking away from the old established order which had lost some sort of divine assent. By using the writings of the Portuguese Jesuit António de Gouveia (1592/94–1677), namely his letters, some of which unpublished, we will seek to see how he interpreted these signs and dynastic change in China, while his own country (Portugal) was going through a similar process. We will make use of materials dating from 1636 to the 1650s, to see what kind of parallelisms Gouveia draws between the Chinese seventeenth-century crisis and the Portuguese case, and how he depicts and characterises the events occurring in China.
Settling Water Disputes through International Investment Arbitration: When and by What Standards?
Authors: Hirano Miharu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of water law as environmental law may trigger disputes over investment projects, which could find their way to international investment arbitration. Consequently, domestic water law and administration can be subjected to international scrutiny. This article analyses relevant investment treaty provisions and cases concerning water resources management to examine (i) when water disputes can be submitted to investment arbitration and (ii) what standards tribunals have applied to settle them. It demonstrates that water disputes over investment projects can widely be covered by investment treaties, but they do not automatically turn water resources into legally protected commodities. Investment arbitration is commonly used by foreign investors to challenge the legality of water-related measures adopted by host States under an applicable investment treaty, it can also be used to enforce domestic environmental law. In most controversial cases, arbitral tribunals applied reasoned decision-making and regulatory coherence as emerging global regulatory standards.
The Conservation of Aquifers in Flanders as a Regulatory Challenge: How to Avoid a Death by a Thousand Cuts?
Authors: Schoukens Hendrik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flanders used to be a region characterized by the presence of wetlands, marshy grasslands and forests. However, during the 20th century, the intensification of agricultural practices, urbanization and industrial activities led to the disappearance of more than 50% of these water-dependent ecosystems. In this article, a case study is carried out on the interplay with the existing regulatory schemes regarding groundwater extraction and drainage and the unfavourable status of many aquifers in Flanders. The main focus is placed on the regulatory approach to the accumulation of incremental impacts on aquifers in the Flemish Region, in particular its capacity to avoid a death by a thousand cuts. Using EU environmental law as a benchmark, this article finds that a multitude of loopholes and exemptions in the Flemish permitting schemes effectively compromises the long-term recovery of vulnerable aquifers in Flanders. Furthermore, the analysis sketches the main solutions that are available to ensure a more sustainable pathway towards the recovery of the Flemish groundwater bodies. In addition to an expansion of the material scope of the existing permitting schemes, which should also include small-scale interventions in nature and water, this article concludes that recent case-law developments before the national and regional courts underline the importance of a more science- and restoration-based understanding of the permitting schemes, which inevitably leads to more scrutiny when authorizing new groundwater abstraction or drainage activities. Finally, the article also underlines the unlocked potential that exists for future litigation strategies focusing on limiting ongoing activities that jeopardize the long-term recovery of vulnerable aquifers.
Le corps déchiré de l’Irak dans le roman al-Mašṭūr (2017) de Ḍiyāʾ Ǧbaylī
Authors: Al Saadi Tania 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article is dedicated to the Iraqi novel al-Mašṭūr : Sitt ṭarāʾiq ġayr šarʿiyya li-iǧtiyāz al-ḥudūd naḥwa Baġdād (2017) by Ḍiyāʾ Ǧbaylī. Through an illegal journey of two characters in Iraq, this book presents a new literary approach of the sectarian conflict that tears apart the country. Intertextuality with the Italian novel The Cloven Viscount (1952), by Italo Calvino, works as a connecting thread in the story. The complex Iraqi identity and the conflicts that are related to it are depicted as the result of both the country’s geographical position and its history. The first part of the article focuses on the spatial configuration in the story and the way the concept of borders is used to define the Iraqi identity. The latter is also the object of the second part that attempts to discuss the close relationship that the novel suggests between the body of the martyr and the homeland.
De/Colonial Boundaries, Cultural Difference and Shared Indigeneity in the Poem “The ‘Red Indian’s’ Penultimate Speech” by Maḥmūd Darwīš
Authors: Milich Stephan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Simultaneously addressing the (Native) American and Palestinian/Israeli context, Maḥmūd Darwīš’s poem Ḫuṭbat al-Hindī al-aḥmar – ma qabla al-aḫīra – amāma al-raǧul al-abyaḍ (The ‘Red Indian’s’ Penultimate Speech to the White Man), published in 1992 to critically commemorate the ‘discovery’ of ‘America’ by Columbus in 1492, is a deep reflection about the violence of borders and frontiers created by white European invaders. In my article, I aim to answer the question of how the poem’s manifold boundaries (between colonizer and colonized; nature and culture; equality and hierarchization; the living and the dead; identity and otherness) are addressed and re-framed. Although partly essentializing cultural difference by drawing from a romanticized image of the “noble savage” (the “Red Indian”), the poem nevertheless finds a voice to raise crucial questions regarding the self-perception of European/western modernity, anticipating the recently discovered fact that (white) human agency has pushed ‘progress’ so far as to enable humanity to destroy itself, nature, and earth. In intertextual dialogue with key texts of de/coloniality and western modernity, I attempt to show how the poem confronts us with fundamental questions about humanity in the face of self-destruction.
The ‘desired state of mind’: Emotional labor and the hidden cost of symbolic power in 911 emergency response in the U.S
Authors: Wang Phoenix Chi 
Published: December 2022

Borrowing from scholarship on emotional labor, emotion management and symbolic power, this article highlights emotions’ symbolic role in sustaining the vital correspondence between the reality of social life and the official classification system. Through the concept of the ‘desired state of mind’ and empirical data from 3 years’ ethnographic fieldwork in an urban 911 dispatch center in New England, this research shows what the ‘desired state of mind’ of this context is, how the link between the folk and the bureaucratic is made though ‘controlled empathy’, and how the cost and consequence of this process is shaped by the status disparity prevalent in 911 emergency community.
Intravitreal Nesvacumab (Anti-Angiopoietin-2) Plus Aflibercept in Neovascular AMD: Phase 2 ONYX Randomized Trial
Authors: Heier Jeffrey S. , Ho Allen C. , Boyer David S. , Csaky Karl , Vitti Robert , Perlee Lorah , Chu Karen W. , Asmus Friedrich , Leal Sergio , Zeitz Oliver , Cheng Yenchieh , Schmelter Thomas , Brown David M. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To compare intravitreal nesvacumab (anti-angiopoietin-2) + aflibercept vs intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: Eyes were randomized (1:2:3) to nesvacumab 3 mg + aflibercept 2 mg (LD combo), nesvacumab 6 mg + aflibercept 2 mg (HD combo), or IAI 2 mg at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The LD combo was continued every 8 weeks (q8w). At week 12, the HD combo was re-randomized to q8w or every 12 weeks (q12w) and IAI was re-randomized to q8w, q12w, or HD combo q8w through week 32. Results: The study comprised 365 eyes. At week 12, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gains from baseline were similar in the LD combo group, HD combo group, and IAI group (5.2 letters, 5.6 letters, and 5.4 letters, respectively); the mean central subfield thickness (CST) reductions were similar (182.2 µm, 200.0 µm, and 178.6 µm, respectively). The mean changes in BCVA and CST through week 36 were similar across groups. At week 12, complete retinal fluid resolution was observed in 49.1% (LD combo), 50.8% (HD combo), and 43.6% (IAI) of eyes; the proportions with a CST of 300 μm or less were similar across groups. Numerical trends at week 32 toward complete retinal fluid resolution with combination treatment were not maintained at week 36. Serious ocular adverse events were infrequent and comparable across groups. Conclusions: In nAMD, nesvacumab + aflibercept showed no additional BCVA or CST benefit over IAI monotherapy.
TOP2A deficiency leads to human recurrent spontaneous abortion and growth retardation of mouse pre-implantation embryos
Authors: Duan Yuhan , Fu Huijia , Huang Jiayu , Yin Nanlin , Liu Linhong , Liu Xiru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), is a dangerous pregnancy-related condition and is a subject of debate in the gynaecology and obstetrics communities. The objective of this study was to determine the function of DNA Topoisomerase II Alpha (TOP2A) in RSA and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
In vitro models of TOP2A-knockdown and -overexpression were generated by transfecting specific sh-RNA lentivirus and overexpression plasmid, respectively. An in vitro TOP2A inhibition model was established by culturing mouse embryos at the two-cell stage in a medium containing PluriSIn2, a TOP2A inhibitor. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyse expression of TOP2A in villi tissues of patients with RSA. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyse the expression of TOP2A and proteins involved in trophoblast functions, the FOXO signalling pathway, and the development of pre-implantation embryos. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were used to further evaluate the effect of TOP2A on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate migration and invasion. Moreover, the effect of TOP2A inhibitor on embryos was determined by immunofluorescence and mitochondrial-related dyes.

Results
Evaluation of clinical samples revealed that the villi tissues of patients that have experienced RSA had lower TOP2A expression compared with that from women who have experienced normal pregnancy (P < 0.01). In vitro, TOP2A knockdown decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cell lines, and increased apoptosis and activation of the FOXO signalling pathway (P < 0.05). Conversely, TOP2A overexpression reversed these effects. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that inhibition of TOP2A impairs trophectoderm differentiation, embryonic mitochondrial function as well as the developmental rate; however, no differences were noted in the expression of zygotic genome activation-related genes.

Conclusions
Collectively, our data suggest that lower TOP2A expression is related to RSA as it inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activation of the FOXO signalling pathway. Additionally, TOP2A inhibition resulted in impaired development of pre-implantation embryos in mice, which could be attributed to excessive oxidative stress.

Graphical Abstract