bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and external validation of a machine learning-based model to classify uric acid stones in patients with kidney stones of Hounsfield units &lt;800
Authors: Chew Ben H. , Wong Victor KF. , Halawani Abdulghafour , Lee Sujin , Baek Sangyeop , Kang Hoyong , Koo Kyo Chul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The correct diagnosis of uric acid (UA) stones has important clinical implications since patients with a high risk of perioperative morbidity may be spared surgical intervention and be offered alkalization therapy. We developed and validated a machine learning (ML)-based model to identify UA stones from non-UA stones. An international, multicenter study was performed on 202 patients who received percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones with HU < 800. Data from 156 (77.2%) patients were used for model development, while data from 46 (22.8%) patients from a multinational institution were used for external validation. A total of 21,074 kidney and stone contour-annotated computed tomography images were trained with the ResNet-18 Mask R-convolutional neural network algorithm. Finally, this model was concatenated with demographic and clinical data as a fully-connected layer for stone classification. Our model was 100% sensitive in detecting kidney stones in each patient, and the delineation of kidney and stone contours was precise within clinically acceptable ranges. The development model provided an accuracy of 99.9%, with 100.0% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity, in distinguishing UA from non-UA stones. On external validation, the model performed with an accuracy of 97.1%, with 89.4% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity. SHAP plots revealed stone density, diabetes mellitus, and urinary pH as the most important features for classification. Our ML-based model accurately identified and delineated kidney stones and classified UA stones from non-UA stones with the highest predictive accuracy reported to date. Our model can be reliably used to select candidates for an earlier-directed alkalization therapy.
The Effect of Hydrogen Content on Electrophysical Properties of Hydrogenated Titanium – Thermally Expanded Graphite Composites
Authors: Galstian Iryna , Mykhailova H Yu. , Len E. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The nanocomposites based on metals with carbon nanostructures can be used as cathode materials for low temperature thermionic converters. Such materials often have different electrophysical properties from their original components. The peculiarities of the changes in electrical conductivity of powder composites containing thermally expanded graphite (TEG) and hydrogenated titanium before and after hydrogen desorption are investigated, and the influence of hydrogen on their properties is determined. The effect of conductivity growth is found at low TEG concentration in composites with both hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium. It can be explained by charge transfer from the metal to the TEG components of the composites. The effect of significant increase of composite conductivity after dehydrogenation can be explained by reduction of titanium oxide shell during hydrogen desorption from metal particle and by peculiarities of Fermi level shift in it during changes of electron concentration due to charge transfer to TEG.
Antidiabetic evaluation of vanillic acid-glyburide loaded polymeric micelles in high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kaur Jaskiran , Gulati Monica , Pandey Narendra Kumar , Khatik Gopal Lal , Sudhakar Swathi , Alotaibi Faisal , Kumar Deepak , Shukla Monu Kumar , Kumar Parveen , Famta Paras , Arora Poonam , Okaiyeto Kunle , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi , Gupta Gaurav , Paudel Keshav Raj , Dua Kamal , Singh Sachin Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study describes oral administration of glyburide (GLY) and vanillic acid (VA) loaded polymeric micelles for the effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) rats.
Methods
The rats were divided into 12 groups (G1-G12) based on the respective treatments. All rats except G1 received high fat diet for first 15 days and then induced to STZ. Then the study was continued for another 28 days. GLY and VA loaded polymeric micelles (GV-APMs) were orally administered to the STZ induced rats. The rats of different groups received their respective treatments orally. Various parameters such as body weight, blood glucose level, biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and pancreas. The rats of G2 received HFD-STZ alone, whereas rats of G6 received high dose of mixture of raw Gly-VA and G12 received high doses of GV-APMs, separately.
Results
The results revealed 1.43, 1.44, 1.55, 2.4, 1.66, 3.30, and 3.76-folds higher reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL levels, CHL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL/HDL ratio in rats receiving GV-APMs (G12) than rats receiving their physical mixture (G6). In addition to this, significant reduction in the serum inflammatory, hepatic and renal markers as well as antioxidant levels was observed in rats of G12 as compared to any other group, indicating higher efficacy of GV-APMs.
Conclusion
The study revealed that co-loading of GLY and VA in APMs showed excellent antidiabetic potential can be explored further for clinical evaluation.
Synonymous base substitution in SARS-CoV-2 EE.2 lineage furin arginine CGG–CGG codons
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work has been carried out within the framework of a study on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein furin cleavage site evolution. The polybasic motif (originally PRRA) present at the S1/S2 junction has two arginine codons CGG–CGG, whose usage is rare in coronaviruses. It has no analogy in other “linage B” beta‐coronaviruses, including neither the Laos closest known relatives of virus behind covid. An hypothesis for theprobable PRRA human origin includes recombination between the genome of a SARS-CoV-2 progenitor and mRNA transcripts within human infected cells. At protein level, the furin arginine pair is evolutionarily strictly conserved, however, the CGG–CGG code can be optimized by the virus itself through synonymous base substitutions. Here I show that the GISAID SARS-CoV-2 EE.2 lineage isolates (accessed June 29, 2023), 531 out of 1,021 (52.2%) have already optimized this furin CGG–CGG code. It has changed to CGA–CGG. As a new brand of the lineage all these 531 isolates share the same mutation in the third position of the first of the two arginine codons. In addition of the codon usage bias affecting R682 there are also two non-synonymous base substitutions N679K and P681R. The earliest date of the SARS-CoV-2 EE.2 lineage was September 12, 2022. Based on NCBI Virus database, from this date appear 1,028 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages. The majority was XBB.1.5 (64,232 isolates 17.17%). However, the ranking position of the EE.2 lineage was 167 (331 isolates, 0.088%), still in the first quartile. Results provide insight into the change of an extremely rare genetic footprint that within an exogenous 12-nucleotide fragment that was imprinted in the SARS-CoV-2 S gene.
Stohastic Frontier Analysis in health units: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farantos Georgios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In recent years, parametric and non-parametric methods, especially the SFA, have been used at an increasing rate to measure efficiency in the health sector in the cases of political systems transition or with emphasis on the impact on the economic crisis or other types of crises.The purpose is the literature review of efficiency studies using the Stohastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with emphasis on inputs and outputs, so that the resulting knowledge can be used for further efficiency study using the SFA method.
Methods
The data used in the study were derived from literature review of efficiency studies using the SFA method in Pubmed, Scopus, Heal-Link and Google scholar databases. The study was designed to review literature efficiency studies conducted using the SFA method and to perform meta-analysis of the findings of these studies. The data were extracted and then the stated methodology of the research was applied following the PICOS model protocol.The meta-analysis of the data obtained from the literature overview was analyzed using the KNIME software.
Results
Efficiency studies with SFA show great heterogeneity due to the different models used in them and the different areas in which they are performed. Most frequently found inputs and outputs in the reviewed studies were identified.Using KNIME software,the dominance of the classic SFA models in theefficiency assessment was shownand the overwhelming superiority of using SFA to measure Technical Efficiencywas shown also. Proposals for policy interventions are heterogeneous and can be classified into different levels of policy interventions.
Conclusions
The main inputs – outputs used in the efficiency studies with SFA were identified. Efficiency is basically high. The proposals for political interventions are classified at political, managerial and operational levels.
Male Selective Migration for Work: A Study of The National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi
Authors: Mishra Hemant , Ali Asif , Abedin Zainul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Migration is the most important component of population dynamics affecting the demography of cities. In India, nearly two-third of the population in 2011 was migrant population. Given the rapid rate of urban growth accompanied by aspirations of economic development, the internally migrant population has and is expected to play a major role in shaping not only the future population dynamics but also the socio-economic landscape. It is generally hypothesized that out-migration for work is ‘male-selective’ and even though females are more migratory than males (E.G. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration, 1885), when it comes to migration to large industrial-commercial centres for work, males outnumber females. The migrant population modifying the demography of urban India is already manifested in the top-heavy urban structure and the adverse sex ratio in some of the largest urban centres of the country. This paper using the case of the NCT of Delhi has tried to examine whether migration to the national capital for work is male-selective. The migration for work to Delhi is certainly male-selective and males outnumber females by a factor of 12. Most of the in-migrants to Delhi are literate, for both genders. However, a major proportion of in-migrant male workers are educated only up to the senior secondary level. On the other hand, proportion of women workers with graduate or higher degrees is higher than for males. However, when all types of in-migrants of considered, there is almost parity between males and females.
Genetic markers of the proliferative syndrome in age-related macular degeneration and chronic angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Balashova L. M. , Bakunina N. A. , Fedorov A. A. , Kuznetsova Yu. D. , Popov A. V. , Viner M. E. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: clinical and genetic research of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for prospective pathogenetically-oriented targeted treatment of these condition.Materials and methods. 15 patients with isolated ocular proliferative syndrome were divided into 2 groups depending on their diagnosis: 1) 7 patients (14 eyes) aged 55 to 83 with confirmed wet AMD (4 women and 3 men). 2) 8 patients (16 eyes) aged 45 to 80 with chronic PACG (5 women and 3 men). The patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years.Results. In both conditions, we found mutations in the genes of the Russian population involved in the process of proliferation: VEGF A, CFH, and COL11A1. We developed an algorithm of bioinformatic analysis of full-exome/full-genome sequencing data which takes account of the aggregate of clinical and genetic data and helps refine the prognosis of the course of proliferation. Genetic markers remain unchanged throughout the patient’s life, so it is important to conduct these studies in old age.Conclusion. To prevent the proliferative syndrome in patients with chronic PACG and AMD, and develop individual targeted pathogenetic therapy schemes for these diseases, specialized molecular genetic tests are needed, the results of which could be analyzed with the developed algorithm.
Efficiency of surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zolotarev A. V. , Karlova E. V. , Radaikina M. V. , Kuz'mina A. A. , Ryzhkova O. V. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: to compare the results of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) surgery of patients treated for the underlying eye disease with antiVEGF therapy and laser coagulation (LC) of the retina with the surgery results of patients who did not receive underlying disease treatment.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of case histories and outpatient charts of 70 patients (70 eyes) with NVG, operated in a surgical hospital, involved two groups of patients: group 1 — 33 eyes of patients treated for the underlying disease with anti-VEGF therapy and/or LC; of these, 13 eyes (39 %) received panretinal LC, 15 eyes (45 %) received an anti-VEGF drug intravitreally, and 5 eyes (16 %) received both anti-VEGF therapy and LC); group 2 — 37 eyes of patients not treated for the underlying disease. In group 1, NVG was caused by diabetic retinopathy (DR), which accounted for 19 eyes (57.6 %), and post-thrombotic retinopathy (PR) — 14 eyes (42.3 %). IOP data in group 1 at admission was 38.00 ± 6.82 mm Hg. In group 2, the proportion of patients with DR was 32 % (12 eyes), and those with PR — 41 % (15 eyes). The level of IOP in group 1 upon hospital admission was 38.00 ± 6.82 mm Hg, while in group 2 it was 35.97 ± 5.85 mm Hg.Results. In group 1, in most cases, the classical surgical approach to NVG treatment was used. The proportion of Ahmed drainage implantations was 46 % (15 eyes), trabeculectomy (TET) — 24 % (8 eyes), non-penetrating sinustrabeculectomy (NST) — 6 % (2 eyes), and only 24 % (8 eyes) received transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC). After 7 days, the average level of IOP in group 1 was 16.80 ± 7.18 mm Hg, after 1 month, 19.50 ± 3.45 mm Hg, after 3 months, 21.80 ± 3.15 mm Hg, and after 6 months — 22.57 ± 3.34 mm Hg (p < 0.05). In group 2, the operation of choice was CFC, which was performed in 46 % (17 eyes), the Ahmed drainage was implanted less often — 36 % (13 eyes), while 18 % (7 eyes) accounted for TET. The IOP level in group 2 after 7 days was 20.00 ± 8.74 mm Hg, after 1 month, 25.30 ± 4.67 mm Hg, after 3 months 28.43 ± 6.54 mm Hg, and after 6 months 29.73 ± 4.18 mm Hg (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The timely treatment of the underlying disease with Anti-VEGF and LC of the retina allows the patient to maintain visual functions, and increases the effectiveness of NVG surgery.
Congenital ocular manifestations in children born to mothers who had COVID-19 coronavirus infection during pregnancy. Clinical cases
Authors: Pleskova A. V. , Mamakaeva I. R. , Katargina L. A. , Panova A. Yu. , Lugovkina K. V. 
Published: July 2023

Preliminary data show that the incidence of eye damage in COVID-19 reaches 32%, with a diverse range of clinical manifestations. Both the anterior segment of the eye (conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis) and the posterior segment (retinal vascular thrombosis, neuritis, neuroretinitis) can be affected. The infection in children is diagnosed much less frequently than in adults, so ophthalmic manifestations have hardly ever been studied.Purpose: to present cases of congenital eye lesions in children born to mothers who had COVID-19 during pregnancy.Material. We present 4 clinical cases of ocular manifestations in newborns born to such mothers.Results. 4 variants of congenital ocular manifestations are reported. Clinical manifestations are listed, and treatment tactics for such patients is proposed.Conclusion. In order to timely diagnose, and choose the optimal treatment tactics of such conditions, thorough collection of case history and the ophthalmologists’ awareness of ocular symptoms of COVID-19 manifestations is essential.
Environmentally sustainable zinc oxide nanoparticles for improved hazardous textile dye removal from water bodies
Authors: Gangwar Jaya , Pratap Singh Akshay , Marimuthu Nidhin , Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

A sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective method was developed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (SB-ZnO-NPs) using leaf extracts of Strobilanthes barbatus. The synthesized SB-ZnO-NPs displayed an absorbance maximum at 359 nm with a band gap of 3.24 eV. The average diameter of the SB-ZnO-NPs, as determined by FESEM analysis, was 84.23 nm. The particles had nearly spherical morphologies. By using FTIR analysis, it was established that functional groups played a part in the formation of SB-ZnO-NPs. Reactive Yellow 86 (RY-86) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY-145) textile dyes were degraded by SB-ZnO-NPs under the impact of UV irradiation, and the degradation rates were 87.50 and 91.11%, respectively, in 320 min. When dye solutions treated with SB-ZnO-NPs were tested for phytotoxicity, the results showed a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition compared to dye effluents. The synthesised SB-ZnO-NPs can, therefore, be employed as a substitute potential catalyst for the breakdown of textile colours both before and after release into water bodies.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study of Spirofused
Heterocycles as Anti-microbial and Anthelmintic Potential
Authors: Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Sumeet , Mujwar Somdutt , Sharma Vishal , Goyal Anju , Patel Samir , Patel Archita 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The stereochemical characteristics of spirofused and their derivatives have
recently attracted a great deal of interest in synthetic organic chemistry.

Methods:
A series of ecologically acceptable spirofused heterocycle compounds S(K1–K8) were
made using a one- pot microwave irradiation and were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and Mass
Spectroscopy. The Iodine-catalyzed Biginelli-type condensation process has been used to synthesize
novel anti-microbial and anthelmintic potential spiroketals (spirofused) derivatives by using a fast,
safe & effective microwave irradiation approach in order to get the product in maximum yield with
lesser time consumption.

Results:
The compounds SK4 and SK5 showed promising antimicrobial activity against all bacterial
(Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and fungal
strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) with MIC 6.25 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL. Furthermore,
molecular docking studies were also simulated for compounds SK4 and SK5 to predict the specific
binding mode of these compounds.

Conclusion:
Albendazole (Alb) was used as a reference medicine to test the anthelmintic activity of
Indian adult earthworms Eisenia fetida. Compound SK4 has been found to be an effective
pharmacophore.
A Comprehensive Investigation into the Relationship between Dietary Therapy Strategies for Metabolic Illnesses and the Underlying Myriad Factors
Authors: Kusmy Prabin , Saxena Pal Rashmi , Chaitanya Motamari Venkata Naga Lalitha , Pal Yogendra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:Maintaining a well-balanced diet and considering how to fulfill all the adequate nutrition required by the body will help us live a healthy lifestyle. The risk of illness, infection, exhaustion, and poor performance increases when a balanced diet is absent. The anti-treatment technique of food modification has gained a lot of attention in research over the past few decades. Popular diets include Mediterranean, vegan, and low-carbohydrate diets. The vegan diet is a plant-based eating plan that eliminates animal products and emphasizes fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. The Palaeolithic age diet emphasizes eating full, unprocessed foods available to early people while avoiding grains, legumes, dairy products, refined sugar, and processed foods. Proponents claim it can improve health, and aid in weight loss. Numerous dietary patterns, such as caloric restriction (CR), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), ketogenic diets (KD), the Mediterranean diet (Medi), and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet, have been tried to reduce body weight, any other disease infections, and cognitive decline. Increased Mediterranean diet adherence was linked to reductions in cardiovascular and neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related cognitive loss. The MIND diet, a new good dietary pattern has been linked to a significantly lower incidence of AD and slower rates of cognitive deterioration. The current piece of work emphasizes the introduction, nutritional components, and health advantages of different types of diet.
Risk factors for the development of discoordinated general activities as one of the variety of anomalies of uterus contractility during labor
Authors: Borshcheva A. A. , Pertseva G. M. , Alekseeva N. A. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: to identify risk factors for the occurrence of discoordinated labor activity (DRD) and to conduct a comparative analysis of them in first- and repeat-bearing women. Materials and methods: the analysis of the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth in 175 women with DRD was carried out. The cases of DRD over five years have been analyzed. All women underwent general clinical studies, ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound), dopplerometry (DPM), cardiotocography (CTG). Results: functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, morphological changes in the cervix, transferred FGM, as well as a combination of these types of pathology can be predictors of the development of DDD. There were no significant differences in the number of pregnant women suffering from NCD, having FGM, who suffered complications during pregnancy, as well as in the number of patients with prenatal and early discharge of amniotic fluid in the two groups. There are significant differences in the number of women with morphological changes in the cervix, they are significantly more in the second group. In women of the second group, significantly more often than in the first, delivery was performed by caesarean section. Conclusions: to reduce DRD in childbirth, in the process of pre-pregnancy preparation, it is necessary to identify risk groups, which will include pregnancy-planning patients with VSD, morphological changes in the cervix, VZHPO. These women should be recommended correction of the existing genital pathology. At the onset of pregnancy, patients with VSD should be recommended to undergo psychoprophylactic preparation for childbirth. These measures, in our opinion, will help to reduce the percentage of DRD, and reduce the overall percentage of delivery by caesarean section.