bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and magnetism of austenitic steels in relation to chemical composition, severe plastic deformation, and solution annealing
Authors: Hrabovská Kamila , Životský Ondřej , Váňová Petra , Jirásková Yvonna , Gembalová Lucie , Hilšer Ondřej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Three types of commercial austenitic stainless steels, 1.4307 (AISI 304 L), 1.4404 (AISI 316 L) 1.4845 (AISI 310 S) with different chemical compositions, are subjected to severe plastic deformation at room temperature by a unique Dual Rolling Equal Channel Extrusion (DRECE) method. Its impact is evaluated from the viewpoint of microstructure analyses, X-ray diffraction, and macroscopic magnetic properties completed by microscopic Mössbauer characteristics. The study also includes the solution annealing at 950 °C for 0.5 h to follow the recovering austenitic structure and paramagnetic state of steels with the aim to offer more information with respect to new technical applications. The results show the importance of the steel’s chemical composition and microstructure, mainly grain size, on the stability of the austenitic structure closely associated with the paramagnetic behaviour.
High leafy and root vegetables and high rice dietary patterns were associated with primary and secondary bile acid levels in the feces
Authors: Saito Yosuke , Sagae Toyoaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Colorectal cancer has the second highest mortality among cancer sites worldwide, with increasing morbidity, high recurrence rates, and even poorer postoperative quality of life. Therefore, preventive strategies for colorectal cancer should be established. This study aimed to cross-sectionally explore dietary patterns affecting the intestinal metabolism of bile acids (BAs), a risk factor for colorectal cancer, in young Japanese women. We collected fecal samples for intestinal microbiota and BA analysis. We used the Bristol scale to determine 1-week defecation status. Moreover, the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire was used for habitual dietary intake status. Reduced-rank regression analysis revealed dietary patterns related to fecal BA levels. The relationship between dietary patterns and fecal BA levels was adjusted for defecation status and intestinal microbiota variables using analysis of covariance. Reduced-rank regression analysis generated two dietary pattern scores related to fecal BA levels. First, the score was associated with a greater intake of leafy and root vegetables, and higher values were associated with greater fecal cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels and lower deoxycholic and lithocholic acid levels. Second, the score was associated with greater rice intake and lower Western sweets, pork, beef, and egg intake, and higher values were associated with lower deoxycholic and lithocholic acid levels. These relationships remained after adjusting for intestinal microbiota and defecation status variables.
Incorporation of recombinant proteins into extracellular vesicles by Lactococcus cremoris
Authors: Plavec Tina Vida , Žagar Soderžnik Kristina , Della Pelle Giulia , Zupančič Špela , Vidmar Robert , Berlec Aleš 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer particles released by various cellular organisms that carry an array of bioactive molecules. EVs have diagnostic potential, as they play a role in intercellular interspecies communication, and could be applied in drug delivery. In contrast to mammalian cell-derived EVs, the study of EVs from bacteria, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, received less research attention. This study aimed to investigate the production of EVs by lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus cremoris NZ9000 and to examine the impact of recombinant protein expression on their formation and protein content. Four different recombinant proteins were expressed in L. cremoris NZ9000, in different forms of expression and combinations, and the produced EVs were isolated using the standard ultracentrifugation method. The presence of vesicular structures (50–200 nm) in the samples was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and by flow cytometry using membrane-specific stain. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the presence of recombinant proteins in the EVs fraction, with amounts ranging from 13.17 to 100%, highlighting their significant incorporation into the vesicles, together with intrinsic L. cremoris NZ9000 proteins that were either more abundant in the cytoplasm (ribosomal proteins, metabolic enzymes) or present in the membrane. The presence of the most abundant lactococcal proteins in EVs fraction suggests that protein cargo-loading of EVs in L. cremoris NZ9000 is not regulated. However, our data suggests that L. cremoris NZ9000 genetically engineered to express recombinant proteins can produce EVs containing these proteins in scalable manner. As L. cremoris NZ9000 is considered safe bacterium, EVs from L. cremoris NZ9000 could have several advantages over EVs from other bacteria, implying possible biotechnological applications, e.g. in therapeutic protein delivery.
The microcephaly-associated transcriptional regulator AUTS2 cooperates with Polycomb complex PRC2 to produce upper-layer neurons in mice
Authors: Shimaoka Kazumi , Hori Kei , Miyashita Satoshi , Inoue Yukiko U , Tabe Nao K N , Sakamoto Asami , Hasegawa Ikuko , Nishitani Kayo , Yamashiro Kunihiko , Egusa Saki F , Tatsumoto Shoji , Go Yasuhiro , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Inoue Takayoshi , Imamura Takuya , Hoshino Mikio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
AUTS2 syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly, and is often associated with autism spectrum disorder, but the underlying mechanisms, particularly concerning microcephaly, remain incompletely understood. Here, we analyze mice mutated for the transcriptional regulator AUTS2, which recapitulate microcephaly. Their brains exhibit reduced division of intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), leading to fewer neurons and decreased thickness in the upper-layer cortex. Increased expression of the AUTS2 transcriptional target Robo1 in the mutant animals suppresses IPC division, and transcriptomic and chromatin profiling shows that AUTS2 primarily represses transcription of genes like Robo1 in IPCs. Regions around the transcriptional start sites of AUTS2 target genes are enriched for the repressive histone modification H3K27me3, which is reduced in Auts2 mutants. Furthermore, we find that AUTS2 interacts with Polycomb complex PRC2, with which it cooperates to promote IPC division. These findings shed light on the microcephaly phenotype observed in the AUTS2 syndrome.
Postextubation Dysphagia Among Patients With COVID-19: Results of Instrumental Swallow Studies and Clinical Swallow Evaluations
Authors: Bricker Renee , Aldridge Chad , Turner Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Research has shown that prolonged endotracheal intubation can increase risk of aspiration following extubation. This study examined the relationship between swallowing and intubation among patients with COVID-19. We investigated the association between the duration of intubation and time until an oral diet was safely initiated and the correlation between the length of intubation and reduced sensation with aspiration as seen on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)/videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).

Method:
This study is a retrospective analysis of all intubated patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of COVID-19 between April 2020 and March 2021 who received an inpatient speech-language pathology consultation. We utilized univariate linear regressions to investigate the dose–response relationship between duration of intubation and time until cleared for oral diet post-extubation. Dysphagia outcomes were analyzed, including results from 39 instrumental evaluations (VFSS and FEES).

Results:
During this 1-year period, 94 extubated patients were examined by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). We observed a near-exponential increase in the days until cleared for oral diet from 3% versus 69% when intubated for 10–16 days versus 17–34 days, respectively. Second, 39 patients received a VFSS/FEES evaluation. Of those who aspirated on an instrumental swallow study, there was a 78% rate of silent aspiration.

Conclusions:
Prolonged intubation has a near exponential dose–response on the time until a patient becomes cleared for an oral diet after extubation. Prolonged intubation also increases the rate of aspiration observed on VFSS/FEES evaluations. Thus, SLP evaluation of oropharyngeal swallow physiology is important to minimize complications and improve patient outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28165631
Disease-Specific Speech Movement Characteristics of the Tongue and Jaw
Authors: Raines Claudia , Mefferd Antje 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To advance our understanding of disease-specific articulatory impairment patterns in speakers with dysarthria, this study investigated the articulatory performance of the tongue and jaw in speakers with differing neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease [PD], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease).

Method:
Fifty-seven speakers with dysarthria and 30 controls produced the sentence “Buy Kaia a kite” five times. A three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography was used to record the articulatory movements of the posterior tongue and jaw. Sentence-length kinematic measures (e.g., duration, tongue range of motion [ROM], jaw ROM, tongue speed, jaw speed) were extracted.

Results:
Results revealed significant group effects for the duration, jaw ROM, and tongue speed but not for tongue ROM. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed more significant between-groups differences for duration and jaw ROM than for tongue speed. Statistically significant findings between clinical groups were predominantly driven by the difference between speakers with PD and speakers of other clinical groups.

Conclusions:
Reduced jaw ROM and trends toward reduced tongue ROM confirm hypokinesia as a distinguishing motor feature of speakers with PD. However, deviancies in speed or movement duration did not emerge as a distinguishing motor feature for any of the four studied clinical groups. Nevertheless, movement duration, but not movement speed, may be useful to index dysarthria severity.
La dynamique émotionnelle d’un entraîneur lors d’une saison à l’étranger : une analyse de son cours de vie en handball de haut niveau
Authors: Visioli Jérôme , Petiot Oriane , Guérin Jérôme 
Published: January 2025

Les dimensions émotionnelles de l’activité des entraîneurs de très haut niveau restent peu investiguées, en particulier sur une temporalité longue. L’objectif de cette recherche était d’analyser le cours de vie d’un entraîneur de handball français au plus haut niveau, en focalisant notamment sur la dynamique de ses émotions lors d’une saison. En nous basant sur le programme de recherche du « cours d’action » (Theureau, 2015), nous avons adopté l’approche de Hauw et Lemeur (2013) pour analyser le « cours de vie relatif à une pratique » en contexte sportif. Des entretiens consistant à confronter l’entraîneur à une frise représentant les deux périodes de sa saison ont été conduits, puis analysés de manière à reconstruire sa dynamique émotionnelle. Huit périodes ont ainsi été identifiées. Lors de la première partie de saison, la dynamique émotionnelle évolue des émotions négatives à des émotions positives, et se situe globalement dans les valeurs positives. Lors de la deuxième partie de saison, les émotions se situent prioritairement dans des valeurs négatives. Cette dynamique émotionnelle prend sens dans la mise en relation avec l’expérience de l’entraîneur tout au long de la saison. Les résultats sont discutés au regard de quatre apports majeurs : (1) Une dynamique émotionnelle en « dent de scie » à l’échelle de la saison ; (2) Une dynamique émotionnelle qui se comprend en accédant à l’expérience ; (3) Une dynamique émotionnelle qui infléchit les actions de l’entraîneur ; (4) Une dynamique émotionnelle qui participe de la transformation des connaissances.
A novel technique for the synthesis of Au3N and its characterization using X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering techniques
Authors: Giri S. , Mallick P. , Mallick B. 
Published: January 2025

We report a novel technique for the synthesis of Au3N via a solid-state diffusion-reaction mechanism. X-ray diffraction indexing confirmed that the structure of Au3N is anti-ReO3 with a lattice constant aAuN̄ of 4.065 ± 0.004 Å. The low value of lattice constant as compared to that of pristine gold, aAū of 4.080 ± 0.004 Å, is because of the LN2 quenching-induced structural squeezing. The structural squeezing caused compressive strain, leading to a compressed and rigid structure of Au3N. This is also supported by the shifting of characteristics, where the Raman peak shifted to the higher frequency side with an increased value of the full width at half maxima. The Raman shift of Au3N was found to be 1127.5 ± 0.3 cm−1, which is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated value obtained using density-functional theory. The prospects and future directions for the development of this novel gold nitride material are discussed.
Thermal expansion and thermodynamic properties of Janus WSSe monolayer: A first-principles study
Authors: Cao Fengli , Qiu Xiaodong , Chi Shengqi , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2025

Materials with Janus structure play an important role in the emerging family of 2D materials. In this paper, based on a quasi-harmonic approach, the elastic, thermal expansion, and related thermodynamic properties of Janus WSSe monolayer are investigated by using first-principles calculations. For comparison, WS2 and WSe2 monolayers are studied as well. The linear thermal expansion coefficients of the three monolayers exhibit isotropy as their isotropic structures. All three monolayers show negative thermal expansion behavior at low temperatures (T &lt; 30 K), with very small magnitudes. The value of the largest magnitude of negative thermal expansion is −0.376 × 10−6 K−1, contributed by the Janus WSSe monolayer. The linear thermal expansion coefficients also change from negative to positive as the temperature increases. This is consistent with macroscopic Grüneisen parameters. Remarkably negative values of the macroscopic Grüneisen parameter directly lead to negative thermal expansion at low temperatures. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of Janus WSSe is between those of WS2 and WSe2. The 2D bulk modulus has an important effect on the thermal expansion of three monolayers.
You Care So I Care: How do Horses Perceive Equine-Assisted Intervention?
Authors: M Grandgeorge , L Dornic , A Beylie , S Amiot Girard , S, Henry , C Rochais 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The popularity of equine-assisted intervention (EAI) is growing rapidly. With greater numbers of horses used in this field, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how horses perceive this type of “work.” This study aimed to describe how horses respond to EAI through detailed observation of their behaviours in EAI sessions when compared to riding school (RS) sessions. Horses’ behaviours, as well as ears and neck postures, were measured using ethological methods in 5 horses (1 female, and 4 males, aged 21 ± 1 years old) from the same riding school on 4 EAI and 4 RS sessions. Horses and riders’ behaviours were videotaped and each horse served as their own control. Our results revealed differences between the two types of sessions. Riders in EAI pulled more on the reins and bounced more in the saddle compared to riders in RS. Horses spent more time with backward ears in EAI and high neck postures in RS. Horses showed more discomfort behaviours such as head and tail movements in EAI compared to RS. This case study showed the importance of observing detailed behaviours as indicators of horses’ internal state. It suggests that both EAI and RS induce discomfort in horses during sessions but in different ways. Further studies are needed to better understand how horses perceive EAI and examine whether EAI can negatively impact their chronic well-being.

Information
© The Authors 2025
Digging Deeper: Understanding the Calf Burials Behaviour among Asian Elephants in North Bengal
Authors: Roy Akashdeep , Kaswan Parveen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This case study, inspired by the work of Kaswan and Roy, provides critical insights into the thanatological behaviour of elephants, specifically in the North Bengal landscape. It serves as an important resource for private sanctuary managers, elephant handlers, and conservationists worldwide, raising awareness of elephants’ intelligence, emotional depth, and strong bonds with their herd members. The study reveals a unique behaviour among elephants in a specific area, where they bury deceased calves in 2-foot-deep irrigation drains within tea gardens. This region, featuring fragmented forests, tea estates, and small towns, serves as a natural corridor for elephants. The calves are buried in a ‘leg-upright’ position, indicative of how the herd uses their trunks and legs to manipulate the bodies. Two calves died from fungal infections, while three faced respiratory failure, yet all were buried similarly. Contusion marks suggest the herd dragged the calves over a distance before burial, highlighting their collective handling of the bodies. This burial behaviour is likely driven by several factors, including the particularly strong mother-calf bond seen in elephants which may motivate the herd to engage in mourning and burial. The unique environmental conditions in North Bengal, combined with the elephants’ complex social and emotional behaviours, create a remarkable example of interspecies empathy and care, offering valuable lessons for global conservation and elephant management efforts.

Information
© The Authors 2025
Comment on: ‘Modulation instability and extraction of fractional optical solitons in the presence of generalized Kudryashov’s law and dual form of non-local nonlinearity’
Authors: Tchepemen Nathan , Kengne Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present comment points out all the shortcomings that occurred during the modulational instability analysis in the recent work published by Chahlaoui et al [Phys. Scr. 99 075226] and then methodically presents the investigation of the modulational instability of the steady-state solution of their model equation in the special case of time derivatives in the ordinary sense.
The Unknowns of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background Hinder New Physics Searches
Authors: MacDonald Miller , Martínez-Miravé Pablo , Tamborra Irene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neutrinos traveling over cosmic distances are ideal probes of new physics. We leverage on the approaching detection of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) to explore whether, if the DSNB showed departures from theoretical predictions, we could attribute such modifications to new physics unequivocally. In order to do so, we focus on visible neutrino decay.
Many of the signatures from neutrino decay are degenerate with astrophysical unknowns entering the DSNB modeling. Next generation neutrino observatories, such as Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO, as well as DUNE, will set stringent limits on a neutrino lifetime over mass ratio τ/m ∼ 109–1010 s eV-1 at 90% C.L., if astrophysical uncertainties and detector backgrounds were to be fully under control.
However, if the lightest neutrino is almost massless and the neutrino mass ordering is normal, constraining visible decay will not be realistically possible in the coming few decades. We also assess the challenges of distinguishing among different new physics scenarios (such as visible decay, invisible decay, and quasi-Dirac neutrinos), all leading up to similar signatures in the DSNB.
This work shows that the DSNB potential for probing new physics strongly depends on an improved understanding of the experimental backgrounds at next generation neutrino observatories as well as progress in the DSNB modeling.
Conclusion
Authors: Gallo Daniele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This conclusion chapter provides an overview of the arguments laid out in the preceding chapters of Direct Effect in EU Law. Drawing together the intertwined threads running throughout the book, the author sets out ten distinct arguments about the past, present, and future of direct effect, including possible recommendations for the CJEU. Collectively, the chapters offer solutions to strengthen the ability of direct effect to pursue its twofold purpose: safeguarding individuals’ rights and ensuring the (private) accurate enforcement of EU law.
Introduction
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the topic, scope, and structure of the book. After building an initial understanding of the emerging importance of inclusive trade and the role of women in it, the chapter provides a review of the existing literature on trade and sustainable and inclusive development. That review shows how the book seeks to fill a major gap in feminist analysis of international law by adding in the angle of trade law and policy. The chapter then clarifies the nature, scope, objectives, and focus of the book, in addition to the benefits its readers will obtain. Following this, the introductory chapter explains the most fundamental typologies used in the book, including ‘gender mainstreaming’ and ‘gender responsiveness’ and clarifies the scope of other terminologies such as ‘gender equality’ and ‘gender’. The chapter makes clear that the book is not about ‘gender equality’ as a whole; it is about women and their empowerment through trade agreements. Hence, whenever terms such as ‘gender’ or ‘gender equality’ are used in the book, they intend to refer to cisgender as well as transgender women and their characteristics, norms, behaviours, and roles. The chapter concludes with reflections on the structure of the book, providing a bird’s-eye view of all chapters and their contents to its readers.
Barriers that Impede Women’s Economic Empowerment
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an initial conceptual understanding of the underlying expressions used throughout the book including ‘women empowerment’ and ‘gender equality’. It then provides a discussion on how internal and external barriers can impede women’s economic empowerment with the help of country-specific examples from Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and South America. These discussions on barriers are neatly divided in three different categories: barriers within borders, barriers across borders, and barriers at borders. The chapter provides a useful entry point as it presents to readers a concrete contextual background on barriers women face before unfolding other chapters that seek to explore how trade policies can help women in overcoming these barriers. The chapter also provides reflections on why women should not be considered as a homogenous group, as women in their different conditions and in the multiplicity of their roles (such as indigenous women, women with disabilities, transgender women, and others) may have different needs and barriers to deal with.
Trade and Women
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Women’s economic empowerment and international trade share an intricate and complex relationship as the former can be enhanced through an effective regulation of the latter. This relation is often described as a ‘bi-directional relationship’ as, in addition to the impact international trade can have on women, the empowerment of women can also have a significant impact on international trade. This chapter prepares and clarifies the bi-directional relationship between trade policies and women’s empowerment. It first provides a discussion on how trade affects women as employees, entrepreneurs, and consumers and then explains how women’s empowerment can affect the competitiveness and productivity of trade. By doing so, it prepares a case for inclusive regulation of international trade.