bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic Semiroots for Plane Branches and Singular Foliations
Authors: Cano Felipe , Corral Nuria , Senovilla-Sanz David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe analytic moduli of equisingular plane branches has the semimodule of differential values as the most relevant system of discrete invariants. Focusing in the case of cusps, the minimal system of generators of this semimodule is reached by the differential values attached to the differential 1-forms of the so-called standard bases. We can complete a standard basis to an extended one by adding a last differential 1-form that has the considered cusp as invariant branch and the “correct” divisorial order. The elements of such extended standard bases have the “cuspidal” divisor as a “totally dicritical divisor” and hence they define packages of plane branches that are equisingular to the initial one. These are the analytic semiroots. In this paper we prove that the extended standard bases are well structured from this geometrical and foliated viewpoint, in the sense that the semimodules of differential values of the branches in the dicritical packages are described just by a truncation of the list of generators of the initial semimodule at the corresponding differential value. In particular they have all the same semimodule of differential values.
Early diagnosis of retinal neurovascular injury in diabetic patients without retinopathy by quantitative analysis of OCT and OCTA
Authors: Li Baohua , Li Wenwen , Guo Chaohong , Guo Chengwei , Chen Meirong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims
To quantitatively analyze and compare the differences in retinal neurovascular units (NVUs) between healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) techniques and to determine the value of this technique for the early diagnosis of retinal neurovascular damage in patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (NDR).

Methods
This observational case‒control study was conducted from July 1, 2022, to November 30, 2022, at the outpatient ophthalmology clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. All subjects underwent baseline data entry and mean thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), the thickness of each retinal layer in the macula 3 × 3 mm, and vascular density (VD) examination.

Results
The study included 35 healthy individuals and 48 patients with DM. The retinal VD as well as partial pRNFL, macular nerve fiber layer (NFL), and macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in DM patients exhibited significantly lower VD in the DM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Age and disease duration of DM patients showed a negative trend with pRNFL thickness, macular NFL thickness, macular GCL thickness, and VD. However, a positive trend was observed between DM duration and partial inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between macular NFL and GCL thickness and VD for the most part, while a negative correlation was shown between INL temporal thickness and DVC-VD. pRNFL-TI and GCL-superior thickness were screened as two variables in the analysis of the predictors of retinal damage in DM according to the presence or absence of DM. The AUCs were 0.765 and 0.673, respectively. By combining the two indicators for diagnosis, the model predicted prognosis with an AUC of 0.831. In the analysis of retinal damage indicators associated with the duration of DM, after regression logistic analysis according to the duration of DM within 5 years and more than 5 years, the model incorporated two indicators, DVC-VD and pRNFL-N thickness, and the AUCs were 0.764 and 0.852, respectively. Combining the two indicators for diagnosis, the AUC reached 0.925.

Conclusions
Retinal NVU may have been compromised in patients with DM without retinopathy. Basic clinical information and rapid noninvasive OCT and OCTA techniques are useful for the quantitative assessment of retinal NVU prognosis in patients with DM without retinopathy.
Real Characters in Nilpotent Blocks
Authors: Sambale Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove that the number of irreducible real characters in a nilpotent block of a finite group is locally determined. We further conjecture that the Frobenius–Schur indicators of those characters can be computed for $$p=2$$

p
=
2

in terms of the extended defect group. We derive this from a more general conjecture on the Frobenius–Schur indicator of projective indecomposable characters of 2-blocks with one simple module. This extends results of Murray on 2-blocks with cyclic and dihedral defect groups.
Multi-index Sequential Monte Carlo Ratio Estimators for Bayesian Inverse problems
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Law Kody J. H. , Walton Neil , Yang Shangda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating expectations with respect to a target distribution with an unknown normalising constant, and where even the un-normalised target needs to be approximated at finite resolution. This setting is ubiquitous across science and engineering applications, for example in the context of Bayesian inference where a physics-based model governed by an intractable partial differential equation (PDE) appears in the likelihood. A multi-index sequential Monte Carlo (MISMC) method is used to construct ratio estimators which provably enjoy the complexity improvements of multi-index Monte Carlo (MIMC) as well as the efficiency of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) for inference. In particular, the proposed method provably achieves the canonical complexity of $$\hbox {MSE}^{-1}$$

MSE

-
1

, while single-level methods require $$\hbox {MSE}^{-\xi }$$

MSE

-
ξ

for $$\xi >1$$

ξ
>
1

. This is illustrated on examples of Bayesian inverse problems with an elliptic PDE forward model in 1 and 2 spatial dimensions, where $$\xi =5/4$$

ξ
=
5
/
4

and $$\xi =3/2$$

ξ
=
3
/
2

, respectively. It is also illustrated on more challenging log-Gaussian process models, where single-level complexity is approximately $$\xi =9/4$$

ξ
=
9
/
4

and multilevel Monte Carlo (or MIMC with an inappropriate index set) gives $$\xi = 5/4 + \omega $$

ξ
=
5
/
4
+
ω

, for any $$\omega > 0$$

ω
>
0

, whereas our method is again canonical. We also provide novel theoretical verification of the product-form convergence results which MIMC requires for Gaussian processes built in spaces of mixed regularity defined in the spectral domain, which facilitates acceleration with fast Fourier transform methods via a cumulant embedding strategy, and may be of independent interest in the context of spatial statistics and machine learning.
Periodontal diseases in Thai schoolchildren. Clinical and microbiological observations
Authors: Piwat Supacharin , Basic Amina , Pahumunto Nuntiya , Teanpaisan Rawee , Dahlen Gunnar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai schoolchildren, along with the presence and numbers of bacterial species commonly associated with periodontitis were investigated. A consent form was sent out to 192 schoolchildren in one school (Chanachanupathom School) in Chana, Southern Thailand (in the age range of 12–18 years) and 119 attended for a clinical and microbiological examination. Clinical recordings included number of teeth present, DMFT, plaque index, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Pooled plaque samples were analyzed with culture and qPCR against bacteria associated with periodontitis. The children had low caries experience (DMFT = 3.2 ± 2.3), poor oral hygiene, high bleeding scores, and 67 (56.3%) had at least one interproximal site with CAL ≥ 1 mm. Thirty-seven (31.1%) of the children were diagnosed with periodontitis stage I, and sixteen (13.4%) were classified as periodontitis Stage II. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was sparsely found in all but the healthy clinical groups (gingivitis, periodontitis Stage I and II), while the groups showed a high prevalence of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Campylobacter species as well as of the periodontitis-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Thai schoolchildren have poor oral hygiene with abundant amounts of plaque and high presence of bleeding. Early onset periodontitis is common but mostly in its mild form and is not associated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
„Carbon sequestration“ durch Humusanreicherung in Obstanlagen?
Authors: Blanke Michael , Kunz Achim 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungUm die Möglichkeit der Humusanreicherung und CO2-Speicherung („carbon sequestration“) in Obstanlagen zu untersuchen, wurden Bodenanalysen aus dem 1968 angelegten Dauerdüngungsversuch auf dem Campus Klein-Altendorf der Universität Bonn ausgewertet. Das Klima ist dort mild atlantisch geprägt mit 600 mm Jahresniederschlag bei einer Durchschnittstemperatur von 9,6 °C. Die fruchtbare Parabraunerde auf mehreren Metern alluvialem Löß hat eine Bodenzahl von ca. 90 und ist zur Zeit mit Kirschen auf Gisela-Unterlage bepflanzt – mit Grasmulchwirtschaft; Schnittholz verbleibt in der Anlage. Die 4 ausgewählten Düngevarianten mit je 40 Bäumen sind 1) Kontrolle ohne Düngung, 2) Kalken (1 t/ha CaO alle 10 Jahre) – zur pH-Stabilisierung, 3) Kalken und organische Düngung (anfangs mit Stallmist, dann Grünkompost) und 4) Kalken mit anorganischer NPK-Düngung (40 kg N/ha und Jahr); alle Behandlungen erfolgten ausschließlich auf den Baumstreifen mit folgenden Ergebnissen:1) Auf diesem fruchtbaren Boden entwickelten sich die Obstkulturen auch ohne zusätzliche Düngung gut. Die Kontrollbäume wiesen weder Nährstoffmangel noch Ertragsdepressionen auf und profitierten von der Grasmulchwirtschaft und geschreddertem Schnittholz.2) Gelegentliche Kalkung über 50 Jahre erhöhte den pH-Wert von 6,3 auf 6,7 ins pH-Optimum für Steinobst und Verfügbarkeit der meisten Nährstoffe; in der ungedüngten Kontrolle sank der pH-Wert auf 5,7–5,9 und bestätigt damit die in der Literatur beschriebene langsame Versauerung des Bodens bei langjährigem Herbizideinsatz.3) Kalken und organische Düngung – in Form von Stallmist (ca. 3 t TM/ha und Jahr) in den ersten 30 und Grünkompost mit ø 10 t TM/ha und Jahr in den letzten 10 Jahren – erhöhte den Humusgehalt um das 2,5fache von 1,8 % in 1968 auf 4,3 % Humus in 2021; dies entspricht einer Humusanreicherung von ø 0,03 % Humus pro Jahr.4) Die Verdoppelung des organischen Kohlenstoffs (SOC) von ca. 1 % auf ca. 2,5 % entspricht etwa einer Speicherung von 37,5 t CO2/ha über 53 Jahre im Boden bzw. ca. 0,7 t CO2/ha und Jahr bei ausschließlich organischer Düngung und Kalkung.5) Kalken und anorganische NPK-Düngung erhöhten den pH-Wert und Nährstoffgehalt des Bodens. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert bezüglich der Möglichkeit einer Doppelnutzung von Obstproduktion und Klimawirkung als Kohlenstoffspeicher; diese wurde unter den Meckenheimer Klima- und Bodenbedingungen jedoch nur dann erreicht, wenn langfristig und regelmäßig organischer Dünger und Kalk zur Erhaltung des pH-Werts verabreicht wurde – und nicht bei ausschließlichem Kalken oder anorganischer NPK-Düngung, wobei überhöhte Nährstoff- und Humusgehalte negative Folgen auf die Kultur haben können.
An algorithmic debugging approach for belief-desire-intention agents
Authors: Ahlbrecht Tobias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDebugging agent systems can be rather difficult. It is often noted as one of the most time-consuming tasks during the development of cognitive agents. Algorithmic (or declarative) debugging is a semi-automatic technique, where the developer is asked questions by the debugger in order to locate the source of an error. We present how this can be applied in the context of a BDI agent language, demonstrate how it can speed up or simplify the debugging process and reflect on its advantages and limitations.
Catch me if you can: capturing microbial community transformation by extracellular DNA using Hi-C sequencing
Authors: Calderón-Franco David , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Abeel Thomas , Weissbrodt David G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe transformation of environmental microorganisms by extracellular DNA is an overlooked mechanism of horizontal gene transfer and evolution. It initiates the acquisition of exogenous genes and propagates antimicrobial resistance alongside vertical and conjugative transfers. We combined mixed-culture biotechnology and Hi-C sequencing to elucidate the transformation of wastewater microorganisms with a synthetic plasmid encoding GFP and kanamycin resistance genes, in the mixed culture of chemostats exposed to kanamycin at concentrations representing wastewater, gut and polluted environments (0.01–2.5–50–100 mg L−1). We found that the phylogenetically distant Gram-negative Runella (102 Hi-C links), Bosea (35), Gemmobacter (33) and Zoogloea (24) spp., and Gram-positive Microbacterium sp. (90) were transformed by the foreign plasmid, under high antibiotic exposure (50 mg L−1). In addition, the antibiotic pressure shifted the origin of aminoglycoside resistance genes from genomic DNA to mobile genetic elements on plasmids accumulating in microorganisms. These results reveal the power of Hi-C sequencing to catch and surveil the transfer of xenogenetic elements inside microbiomes.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition for the Comparison of Engine In-Cylinder Flow Fields from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) Simulations
Authors: Baker Samuel , Fang Xiaohang , Shen Li , Willman Christopher , Fernandes Jason , Leach Felix , Davy Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractValidation of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation results against experimental data such as flow measurements from particle image velocimetry (PIV) remains a challenge for the development of thermal propulsion systems. This is partly due to cycle-to-cycle variations (CCVs) in the air motion and partly due to uncertainties in the PIV measurement technique, complicating the question of what constitutes a fair validation target for the RANS model. Indeed, an inappropriate validation target can misguide subsequent adjustments of a RANS model. In this work, the ensemble-averaged PIV field is first investigated for its suitability as a validation target for RANS simulations. The relevance index and the velocity histogram distance are used as quantitative metrics to assess the similarity of the ensemble-averaged field to the full dataset of individual PIV cycles. While a high similarity is seen between the average PIV flow field and the individual cycles on the tumble plane, the similarity is lower and more variable on the cross-tumble plane, where there are significant CCVs. Standard (space-only, phase-dependent) proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is employed as an alternative method of data processing with the aim of providing a fairer comparison to RANS simulations. The cycle-dependence of the standard POD modes is shown to be an aspect that results in many validation targets and an excessively broad validation range, limiting its utility in this context. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition (SPDMD) are then proposed as alternative solutions, capable of extracting flow structures at specific frequencies. The background 0 Hz SPDMD modes exhibit an ability to produce more realistic flow fields with velocity magnitudes that are significantly closer to the individual cycles.
Individual Differences in How Desirable People Think They Are as a Mate
Authors: Csajbók Zsófia , Štěrbová Zuzana , Brewer Gayle , Cândea Cristina A. , De Backer Charlotte J. S. , Fernández Ana Maria , Fisher Maryanne L. , Garcia Justin R. , Kruger Daniel J. , Massar Karlijn , Oberzaucher Elisabeth , Quintelier Katinka J. P. , van Geffen Renske E. , Valentova Jaroslava Varella , Varella Marco Antonio Correa , Jonason Peter K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMate value is an important concept in mate choice research although its operationalization and understanding are limited. Here, we reviewed and evaluated previously established conceptual and methodological approaches measuring mate value and presented original research using individual differences in how people view themselves as a face-valid proxy for mate value in long- and short-term contexts. In data from 41 nations (N = 3895, Mage = 24.71, 63% women, 47% single), we tested sex, age, and relationship status effects on self-perceived mate desirability, along with individual differences in the Dark Triad traits, life history strategies, peer-based comparison of desirability, and self-reported mating success. Both sexes indicated more short-term than long-term mate desirability; however, men reported more long-term mate desirability than women, whereas women reported more short-term mate desirability than men. Further, individuals who were in a committed relationship felt more desirable than those who were not. Concerning the cross-sectional stability of mate desirability across the lifespan, in men, short- and long-term desirability rose to the age of 40 and 50, respectively, and decreased afterward. In women, short-term desirability rose to the age of 38 and decreased afterward, whereas long-term desirability remained stable over time. Our results suggest that measuring long- and short-term self-perceived mate desirability reveals predictable correlates.
Uncertainties in the effectiveness of biological control of stem borers under different climate change scenarios in Eastern Africa
Authors: Jendritzki Ines , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Calatayud Paul-André , Borgemeister Christian , Johansson Tino , Biber-Freudenberger Lisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change (CC) is expected to significantly affect biodiversity and ecosystem services. Adverse impacts from CC in the Global South are likely to be exacerbated by limited capacities to take adequate adaptation measures and existing developmental challenges. Insect pests today are already causing considerable yield losses in agricultural crop production in East Africa. Studies have shown that insects are strongly responding to CC by proliferation, shift in distribution, and by altering their phenology, which is why an impact on agriculture can be expected. Biological control (BC) has been proposed as an alternative measure to sustainably contain insect pests, but few studies predict its efficacy under future CC. Using the species maximum entropy modeling (Maxent) approach, we predict the current and future distribution of three important lepidopteran stem borer pests of maize in Eastern Africa, i.e., Busseola fusca (Fuller, 1901), Chilo partellus (Swinhoe, 1885), and Sesamia calamistis (Hampson, 1910), and two parasitoids that are currently used for BC, i.e., Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) and Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron, 1906). Based on these potential distributions and data collected during household surveys with local farmers in Kenya and Tanzania, also future maize yield losses are predicted for a business-as-usual scenario and a sustainable development scenario. We found that BC of the stem borer pests by C. flavipes and C. sesamiae will be less effective under more severe CC resulting in a reduced ability to curb maize yield losses caused by the stem borers. These results highlight the need to adapt BC measures to future CC to maintain its potential for environmentally friendly pest management strategies. The findings of this research are thus of particular relevance to policymakers, extension officers, and farmers in the region and will aid the adaptation of smallholder agricultural practices to the impacts of CC.
‘Is This a Hate Speech?’ The Difficulty in Combating Radicalisation in Coded Communications on Social media Platforms
Authors: Farrand Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of the Internet for the purposes of radicalisation is well understood. The use of social media platforms to spread messages of hate and intolerance has become mainstreamed, both as a means of communication and a focus of academic attention. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the complications in addressing these radicalisation efforts where the means of communication is through Internet memes, in which humour and coded language are used as means of radicalising an audience. While existing legal frameworks provide for online platforms to tackle this problem through a combination of assuring immunity from liability for taking action when content is brought to a platforms attention, as well as engaging in voluntary proactive measures, this paper explores the difficulty of addressing content that is more borderline in nature and where arguments concerning humour and freedom of expression may be raised by those spreading these messages in a system providing for significant discretion on the part of online platforms. Considering developments under the Digital Services Act, and an increased focusing on the algorithmic control of content, this article will argue that even these new measures may find the countering of radicalising content conveyed through humour quite difficult.
Assessing teachers’ digital competence in primary and secondary education: Applying a new instrument to integrate pedagogical and professional elements for digital education
Authors: Tzafilkou Katerina , Perifanou Maria , Economides Anastasios A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTeachers’ digital competence (DC) is an important condition for the effective application of technology in education. Although several DC tools have been designed, adjustments to digital education and pedagogical or professional components are still scarce. Therefore, this study aims at developing a new instrument for assessing teachers’ DC regarding their pedagogical and professional activities in the context of digital school and digital education. The study also examines the teachers’ total DC scores and explores the differences between teacher profiles on a sample of 845 teachers in primary and secondary education in Greece. The final instrument comprises 20 items allocated in six components: 1) Teaching preparation; 2) Teaching delivery & students’ support; 3) Teaching evaluation & revision; 4) Professional development; 5) School’s development; and 6) Innovating education. The PLS-SEM analysis indicated the validity and reliability of the model in respect to its factorial structure, internal consistency, convergence validity, and model fitness. The results revealed DC inefficiency among teachers in Greece. Primary school teachers reported significantly lower scores in Professional development and Teaching delivery & students support. Female teachers reported significantly lower scores in Innovating education and School's development, but they reported higher scores in Professional development. The contribution and practical implications are discussed in the paper.