bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast and inexpensive genotyping system for the simultaneous analysis of human and Aedes albopictus STRs
Authors: Timor Andreu Albó , Lucati Federica , Bartumeus Frederic , Caner Jenny , Escartin Santi , Mariani Simone , Palmer John R.B. , Ventura Marc 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Determination of the interactions between hematophagous mosquitoes and their human hosts is of great importance for better understanding the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne arboviruses and developing effective strategies to mitigate risk. Genetic analysis of human and mosquito DNA can play a key role in this but commercial kits for human short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping are expensive and do not allow for the simultaneous STR analysis of host and vector. Here, we present an inexpensive and straightforward STR-loci multiplex system capable of simultaneously amplifying Ae. albopictus and human STRs from blood-fed mosquitoes. Additionally, we examined the effect of storage methods and post-feeding time on the integrity of host DNA.
Methods
35 STRs (16 human and 19 Ae. albopictus STRs) subdivided in three multiplexes were tested for amplification and scoring reliability. Under laboratory conditions we compared the efficacy of two preservation methods (absolute ethanol vs. lysis buffer) on the integrity of host DNA in Ae. albopictus blood meals, we evaluated the effect of post-feeding time by sacrificing blood-fed mosquitoes at different times post-feed, and assessed our ability to detect multiple feedings. To determine if the methodology could be employed successfully under field conditions, we carried out a preliminary study using field-collected Ae. albopictus.
Results
All 35 STRs amplified consistently in the laboratory. Lysis buffer performed better than absolute ethanol in terms of allele peak height and clarity of electropherograms. Complete human DNA profiles could be obtained up to 48h following the blood meal. Analysis of multiple feedings confirmed that peak heights can be used as a proxy to determine post-feeding time and thus derive the number of different people bitten by a mosquito. In the field trial, amplification was successful for 32 STRs. We found human DNA signal in 38 of the 61 field-collected mosquitoes (62%), of which 34 (89%) had ingested a single blood meal, while 4 (11%) contained double meals.
Conclusions
Our new genotyping system will allow fast and reliable screening of both host and vector species, and can be further adapted to other mosquito species living in close contact with humans.
Limited influence from edges and topography on plant structural and taxonomic diversity in fragments of Atlantic Forest
Authors: Harper Karen Amanda , Querry Natasha Dazé , Dyer Julie , Alves Rafael Souza Cruz , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Although Atlantic Forest is very diverse and heavily fragmented, little is known about the impact of created edges on forest structure and plant diversity within its forest remnants. We aimed to determine the distance of edge influence on vegetation in forest fragments in the Atlantic Forest; to compare the effects of edge influence, topography and their interaction on vegetation structure; and to assess patterns of structural and taxonomic diversity. We collected data on forest structure, plant functional groups, plant families and vertical vegetation structure in 2 m x 2 m contiguous quadrats along 250 m transects across the edges of 24 fragments approx. 70 km west of São Paulo. We used randomization tests to estimate the magnitude and distance of edge influence, generalized linear mixed model to assess the effect of topography, and wavelet analysis to evaluate spatial patterns. We found evidence of edge degradation (lower diversity and cover of most plant groups compared to interior forest) and edge sealing (abrupt changes at the edge particularly for leafy vertical structural diversity), but edge influence did not extend very far into forest with a distance of edge influence or less than 20 m for most variables. Less extensive edge influence compared to other tropical forests was not explained by topography (slope) but could be due to more extensive fragmentation and land use history. The use of multiple approaches to studying forest edges provided complementary information to improve our understanding of the structure of anthropogenic edges in Atlantic Forest.
A description of the management and outcomes of children with intestinal failure in a South African context
Authors: Wagener Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intestinal failure as a result of congenital or acquired massive bowel loss is an extremely difficult problem to manage and has traditionally been associated with a very poor outcome.
In this study, the aim was to describe the current management of this problem, give an updated estimate of the survival and a description of the factors associated with survival and achievement of enteral autonomy in our context.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was done for children managed with intestinal failure at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa from November 2015 to February 2023.
Results:
Twenty-two patients were managed with intestinal failure during the study period. The diagnosis was type 4 jejunal atresia with 3b component in 5 (22.7%); type 3b jejunal atresia in 5 (22.7%); type 4 jejunal atresia without 3b component in 3 (13.6%) and malrotation with volvulus in 3 (13.6%). One patient each had necrotizing enterocolits, gastroschisis with atresia, intussusception, type 1 jejunal atresia with volvulus, type 3a jejunal atresia and volvulus around an ileostomy.
Average bowel length was 34.7cm, and average length of stay was 122 days.
Enteral autonomy was achieved in 10 patients (45%) and survival in 9 patients (41%).
Surgical complication requiring early re-operation (OR 18) and bowel length equal to or less than 20cm were associated with non-survival.
Conclusion
A substantial proportion of children with intestinal failure can achieve enteral autonomy and survival in our context. The treatment process is, however, resource intensive. Avoiding early re-operation and bowel length >20cm are associated with a good outcome.
A Computational Investigation of Occlusive Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Du Jian , Fogelson Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The generation of occlusive thrombi in stenotic arteries involves the rapid deposition of millions of circulating platelets under high shear flow. The process is mediated by the formation of molecular bonds of several distinct types between platelets; the bonds capture the moving platelets and stabilize the growing thrombi under flow. We investigated the mechanisms behind occlusive thrombosis in arteries with a two-phase continuum model. The model explicitly tracks the formation and rupture of the two types of interplatelet bonds, the rates of which are coupled with the local flow conditions. The motion of platelets in the thrombi results from competition between the viscoelastic forces generated by the interplatelet bonds and the fluid drag. Our simulation results indicate that stable occlusive thrombi form only under specific combinations for the ranges of model parameters such as rates of bond formation and rupture, platelet activation time, and number of bonds required for platelet attachment.
The early impacts of primary HPV cervical screening implementation in Australia on the pathology sector: a qualitative study
Authors: Bavor Claire , Brotherton Julia ML , Smith Megan A , Prang Khic-Houy , McDermott Tracey , Rankin Nicole M , Zammit Claire M , Jennett Chloe J , Sultana Farhana , Machalek Dorothy A , Nightingale Claire E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The transition of Australia’s National Cervical Screening Program from cytology to a molecular test for human papillomavirus (HPV) (locally referred to as the ‘Renewal’), including a longer five-year interval and older age at commencement, significantly impacted all sectors of program delivery. The Renewal had major implications for the roles and requirements of pathology laboratories providing services for the Program. This study aimed to understand the early impacts of the Renewal and its implementation on the pathology sector.
Methods
Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (N = 49) involved in the STakeholder Opinions of Renewal Implementation and Experiences Study (STORIES), 11–20 months after the program transition. A subset of interviews (N = 24) that discussed the pathology sector were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Four overarching themes were identified: implementation enablers, challenges, missed opportunities, and possible improvements. Participants believed that the decision to transition to primary HPV screening was highly acceptable and evidence-based, but faced challenges due to impacts on laboratory infrastructure, resources, staffing, and finances. These challenges were compounded by unfamiliarity with new information technology (IT) systems and the new National Cancer Screening Register (‘Register’) not being fully functional by the date of the program transition. The limited availability of self-collection and lack of standardised fields in pathology forms were identified as missed opportunities to improve equity in the Program. To improve implementation processes, participants suggested increased pathology sector involvement in planning was needed, along with more timely and transparent communication from the Government, and clearer clinical management guidelines.
Conclusion
The transition to primary HPV screening had a significant and multifaceted impact on the Australian pathology sector reflecting the magnitude and complexity of the Renewal. Strategies to support the pathology sector through effective change management, clear, timely, and transparent communication, as well as adequate funding sources will be critical for other countries planning to transition cervical screening programs.
Shear Warping Behaviour of Elastic Beams With Annular Cross-Section
Authors: Mancusi Geminiano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a mechanical model for predicting the elastic response of beams with annular cross-section under generic load conditions. The kinematical assumptions deal with a uniform in-plane infinitesimal rotation coupled with warping axial displacements. In addition to the body force field, generic external loads can be applied both at the ends of the beam and on its lateral surface as a function of all spatial variables. It is possible to account, as an examples, for different force fields on the inner and outer lateral boundary. Shear warping dependent deformations are simulated. The effect of thickness, usually neglected in classical thin-walled beam theory, is now considered, thus allowing the accurate study of beams with a moderately high thickness. A novel approach for deriving energy consistent shear correction factors is proposed. Although in its present form the proposed model is developed for the study of homogeneous elastic tubes (closed cross-section), it is easy to upgrade the underlying developments for the purpose of studying both the elastic response of radially inhomogeneous (functionally graded) beams as well as open cross-sections where torsional warping and shear warping effects exist in a coupled manner.
Black Holes as Geometric Distortional Extrema
Authors: koehler dale 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
The right to sanitation in India: Realisation of what?
Authors: Khare Kopal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the context of recent degeneration in manual scavengers in Uttar Pradesh, India, where women are forced to undergo uterus removal surgery to perform efficiently at work, this article investigates what precisely realisation of the right to sanitation in India entails. It reviews the existing literature and finds that there is a narrow conception of sanitation as an infrastructure provision that influences the conceptualisation of sanitation as a right in India. The limited understanding of sanitation impacts the livability outcomes of the individuals, specifically the Dalit manual scavengers who are subjected to insufferable circumstances. The paper argues that the evaluation of the realisation of sanitation as a right is comprehensively achieved by deploying Amartya Sen's conception of justice, given its compatibility with the human rights framework. It concerns with the reduction of human suffering. It assesses individual well-being by focusing on expanding people's freedoms and opportunities to live a life of dignity.
Sub-watershed prioritization using morphometric analysis, principal component analysis, hypsometric analysis, land use/land cover analysis, and machine learning approaches in the Peddavagu River Basin, India
Authors: Shekar Padala Raja , Mathew Aneesh , P. S. Arun , Gopi Varun P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water resource management is critical in the face of climate change to reduce water scarcity and meet the demands of an expanding population. Prioritization of watersheds has gained significance in natural resource management, particularly in the context of watershed management. This study prioritizes sub-watersheds for the Peddavagu basin using five methods. The four methods mentioned above can be estimated utilizing remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) approaches, while linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is estimated using machine learning techniques. The catchment resulted in the formation of 13 sub-watersheds. The quantitative measurements of morphometric analysis, including linear, relief, and areal, were considered, and 18 morphometric characteristics were chosen to rank and prioritize sub-watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to rank and prioritize sub-watersheds based on four highly correlated morphometric parameters. The land use/land cover (LULC) analysis used four features to prioritize sub-watersheds. The LDA analysis used two features to prioritize sub-watersheds. Using hypsometric integral (HI) values, prioritization has been done. Sub-watersheds were prioritized. Based on five methods, the sub-watersheds were classified as low, medium, and high. Among the sub-watersheds identified as high priority, immediate priority is assigned to SW10. Decision-makers in the research region can use the findings to plan and implement watershed management techniques.
Genetic Aspects of Glaucoma: An Updated Review
Authors: Chacon-Camacho Oscar Francisco , Arce-Gonzalez Rocio , Sanchez-de la Rosa Fernanda , Urióstegui-Rojas Andrés , Enriqueta Hofmann-Blancas María , Mata-Flores Felipe , Zenteno Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2023

:
Glaucoma is a group of diverse diseases characterized by cupping of the
optic nerve head due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells. It is the most common cause of
irreversible blindness throughout the world; therefore, its timely diagnosis and early
detection through an ophthalmological examination are very important. We, herein,
present the information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and
treatment of glaucoma. We also emphasize the investigations of the last decades that
have allowed identifying numerous genes and susceptibility genetic factors. We have
also described in detail the genes whose mutations cause or contribute to the
development of the disease.
Alpha Rhythm Wavelength of Electroencephalography Signals as a Diagnostic
Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Meiyun , Liu Lingfeng , Hao Lijun , Yang Qian , Cao Qing , Jiang Nan 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To explore changes in the alpha rhythm wavelength of background electroencephalography
in Alzheimer’s disease patients with different degrees of dementia in a resting state;
examine their correlation with the degree of cognitive impairment; determine whether the alpha
rhythm wavelength can distinguish mild Alzheimer’s disease patients, moderately severe Alzheimer’s
disease patients, and healthy controls at the individual level; and identify a cut-off value to differentiate
Alzheimer’s disease patients from healthy controls.

Methods:
Quantitative electroencephalography signals of 42 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease,
42 patients with moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease, and 40 healthy controls during rest state with
eyes closed were analyzed using wavelet transform. Electroencephalography signals were decomposed
into different scales, and their segments were superimposed according to the same length
(wavelength and amplitude) and phase alignment. Phase averaging was performed to obtain average
phase waveforms of the desired scales of each lead. The alpha-band wavelengths corresponding to the
ninth scale of the background rhythm of different leads were compared between groups.

Results:
The average wavelength of the alpha rhythm phase of the whole-brain electroencephalography
signals in Alzheimer’s disease patients was prolonged and positively correlated with the severity
of cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.01). The ninth-scale phase average wavelength of each lead had
high diagnostic efficacy for Alzheimer’s disease, and the diagnostic efficacy of lead P3 (area under
the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.873) was the highest.

Conclusion:
The average wavelength of the electroencephalography alpha rhythm phase may be used
as a quantitative feature for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, and the slowing of the alpha rhythm
may be an important neuro-electrophysiological index for disease evaluation.
Radiosensitizing Effects of Lithium Ascorbate on Normal and Tumor
Lymphoid Cells under X-ray Irradiation
Authors: Tretayakova Maria , Brazovskii Konstantin , Belousov Mikhail , Artamonov Anton , Stuchebrov Sergei , Gogolev Aleksey , Larkina Maria , Sukhikh Evgeniya , Plotnikov Evgenii 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
The study aimed to assess the radiosensitizing effect of lithium ascorbate on tumor cells.

Background:
Cancer cells radioresistance is an important factor restraining the success of X-ray
therapy. Radiosensitizing drugs make tumor cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation and improve
the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Although many chemical substances can potentiate the cytotoxic
effects of X-ray radiation, their clinical applications are limited due to possible adverse reactions.
Recently, several approaches have been proposed to develop new radiosensitizers that are highly
effective and feature low toxicity. Among new enhancers of X-ray therapy, ascorbic acid, and its
derivates demonstrate very low toxicity along with a wide therapeutic range. Lithium ascorbate is a
promising X-ray therapy enhancer, but its mechanism of action is unknown. This research focuses
on the radiosensitizing properties of lithium ascorbate and its effects on both tumor and normal irradiated
cells.

Methods:
The viability of the radiosensitized cells was evaluated by fluorescence flow cytometry
using Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and Cellular ROS Assay Kit (Abcam, UK). The
test cell cultures included normal human mononuclear and Jurkat cells.

Results:
Lithium ascorbate sensitizes normal human mononuclear and Jurkat cells towards ionizing
radiation. The combined cytotoxic effect of X-ray irradiation (3 Gy) and lithium ascorbate (1,2
mmol/L) substantially exceeds the effects of the individual factors, i.e. synergetic action appears.
The major types of cell death were late apoptosis and necrosis caused by excessive production of
reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion:
Lithium ascorbate in combination with X-ray irradiation exhibited the cytotoxic effect
on both normal and cancer lymphoid cells by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced
apoptosis. These findings indicate that lithium ascorbate is a promising substance to develop a new
radiosensitizing drug.
A Review on Romiplostim Mechanism of Action and the Expressive
Approach in E. coli
Authors: Hashemzaei Masoud , Ghoshoon Mohammad Bagher , Jamshidi Mehrnaz , Moradbeygi Fatemeh , Hashemzehi Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder determined
by immune-mediated platelet demolition and reduction of platelet production. Romiplostim
is a new thrombopoiesis motivating peptibody that binds and stimulates the human thrombopoietin
receptor the patent of which was registered in 2008. It is used to treat thrombocytopenia
in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Romiplostim is a 60
kDa peptibody designed to inhibit cross-reacting immune responses. It consists of four
high-affinity TPO-receptor binding domains for the Mpl receptor and one human IgG1 Fc
domain. Escherichia coli is a good host for the fabrication of recombinant proteins such as
romiplostim. The expression of a gene intended in E. coli is dependent on many factors
such as a protein’s inherent ability to fold, mRNA’s secondary structure, its solubility, its
toxicity preferential codon use, and its need for post-translational modification (PTM).
This review focuses on the structure, function, mechanism of action, and expressive approach
to romiplostim in E. coli.
Neurotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles and their Pathogenesis
Authors: Sunena  , Tomar Deepali , Jawla Sunil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
A recent study on the deployment of nanoparticles in the consumer and healthcare sectors has
shown highly serious safety concerns. This is despite the fact that nanoparticles offer a vast array of applications
and great promise. According to studies on how nanoparticles interact with neurons, the central
nervous system experiences both negative and positive impacts central nervous system. With a maximum
concentration of 0.1-1.0 wt.%, nanoparticles can be incorporated into materials to impart antibacterial
and antiviral properties. Depending on the host or base materials utilised, this concentration may
be transformed into a liquid phase release rate (leaching rate). For instance, nanoparticulate silver (Ag)
or copper oxide (CuO)-filled epoxy resin exhibits extremely restricted release of the metal ions (Ag+ or
Cu2+) into their surroundings unless they are physically removed or deteriorated. Nanoparticles are able
to traverse a variety of barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and skin, and are capable of
penetrating biological systems and leaking into internal organs. In these circumstances, it is considered
that the maximum drug toxicity test limit (10 g/ml), as measured in artificial cerebrospinal solution, is
far lower than the concentration or dosage. As this is a fast-increasing industry, as the public exposure
to these substances increases, so does their use. Thus, neurologists are inquisitive about how nanoparticles
influence human neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) in terms of both their potential
benefits and drawbacks. This study will emphasise and address the significance of nanoparticles in human
neuronal cells and how they affect the human brain and its activities