bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus agalactiae pyomyositis in a patient with primary biliary cholangitis: A case report
Authors: Wang Yi‐Jie , Lin Chia‐Hua , Lu Chun‐Chi , Chen Hsiang‐Cheng , Yeh Fu‐Chiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPyomyositis is an uncommon clinical scenario; it is usually associated with predisposing factors, including poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, trauma history, and immunocompromise. We discuss the case of an elderly woman with a 20‐year history of diabetes mellitus and remissive breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy 28 years previously. The patient presented with severe shoulder pain and gradual swelling. After examination, pyomyositis was diagnosed and debridement surgery was performed. Culture of the wound samples showed the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. During hospitalization, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) was diagnosed incidentally, accompanied by poor glycemic control. After treatment with antibiotics for pyomyositis and ursodeoxycholic acid for PBC, the infection resolved in 8 weeks, and her glycemic control was improved after PBC treatment. It is possible that the long‐term untreated PBC worsened insulin resistance and aggravated diabetes mellitus in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pyomyositis caused by an unusual pathogen, S. agalactiae, in a patient with newly diagnosed PBC.
The association of lowered alcohol prices with birth outcomes and abortions: A population‐based natural experiment
Authors: Luukkonen Juha , Junna Liina , Remes Hanna , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol use during pregnancy remains an important risk factor for adverse birth outcomes, but little is known regarding how alcohol prices affect pregnancy outcomes on the population level. We assess the associations between decreased alcohol prices with birth outcomes and abortions.DesignUsing national registers, we used interrupted time‐series modelling to compare outcomes of pregnancies conceived before and after a tax cut, resulting in 33% mean decrease of off‐premise alcohol prices on 1 March 2004. We also addressed possible heterogeneity of the associations by maternal age and household income.SettingFinland.ParticipantsAll registered pregnancies starting 2 years before and 1 year after the alcohol price cut (analysis sample consisted of 169 735 live births and 32 441 abortions).MeasurementsThe outcomes were birth weight, gestational age, the probability of low birth weight (< 2500 g at birth), preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation), any congenital malformations and share of registered abortions of pregnancies.FindingsOn the population level, lowered alcohol prices were associated with an increase in abortions immediately after the price cut [+0.84 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2, 1.4]. For birth outcomes, negative associations were observed among women in the lowest income quintile; for example, increased probabilities of low birth weight (+1.5 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.4, 2.6) and preterm birth (+1.98 percentage points; 95% CI = 0.8, 3.2). All changes were strongest immediately after the price cut and attenuated during the course of the following year.ConclusionsLowered alcohol prices in Finland were associated with a short‐term increase in adverse birth outcomes among low‐income mothers and an overall increase in abortions.
Repurposing ketamine to treat cocaine use disorder: integration of artificial intelligence‐based prediction, expert evaluation, clinical corroboration and mechanism of action analyses
Authors: Gao Zhenxiang , Winhusen T. John , Gorenflo Maria , Ghitza Udi E. , Davis Pamela B. , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsCocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue for which there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication. Drug repurposing looks for new cost‐effective uses of approved drugs. This study presents an integrated strategy to identify repurposed FDA‐approved drugs for CUD treatment.DesignOur drug repurposing strategy combines artificial intelligence (AI)‐based drug prediction, expert panel review, clinical corroboration and mechanisms of action analysis being implemented in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Based on AI‐based prediction and expert knowledge, ketamine was ranked as the top candidate for clinical corroboration via electronic health record (EHR) evaluation of CUD patient cohorts prescribed ketamine for anesthesia or depression compared with matched controls who received non‐ketamine anesthesia or antidepressants/midazolam. Genetic and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to understand ketamine’s potential mechanisms of action in the context of CUD.SettingThe study utilized TriNetX to access EHRs from more than 90 million patients world‐wide. Genetic‐ and functional‐level analyses used DisGeNet, Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases.ParticipantsA total of 7742 CUD patients who received anesthesia (3871 ketamine‐exposed and 3871 anesthetic‐controlled) and 7910 CUD patients with depression (3955 ketamine‐exposed and 3955 antidepressant‐controlled) were identified after propensity score‐matching.MeasurementsEHR analysis outcome was a CUD remission diagnosis within 1 year of drug prescription.FindingsPatients with CUD prescribed ketamine for anesthesia displayed a significantly higher rate of CUD remission compared with matched individuals prescribed other anesthetics [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42–2.78]. Similarly, CUD patients prescribed ketamine for depression evidenced a significantly higher CUD remission ratio compared with matched patients prescribed antidepressants or midazolam (HR = 4.39, 95% CI = 2.89–6.68). The mechanism of action analysis revealed that ketamine directly targets multiple CUD‐associated genes (BDNF, CNR1, DRD2, GABRA2, GABRB3, GAD1, OPRK1, OPRM1, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pathways implicated in neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, cAMP signaling and cocaine abuse/dependence.ConclusionsKetamine appears to be a potential repurposed drug for treatment of cocaine use disorder.
Radiographic analysis of skull in Van Cats, British Shorthairs and Scottish Folds
Authors: Gundemir Ozan , Akcasiz Zeynep Nilufer , Yilmaz Osman , Hadžiomerović Nedžad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe most significant bone used in taxonomic research is the skull. This study attempted to identify differences between the three cat species by measuring the skulls of each using computed tomography sections. The study used a total of 32 cat skulls, including 16 Van Cats, eight British Shorthairs and eight Scottish Folds. Van Cat had the highest values for cranial and skull length, whereas British Shorthair had the lowest values. The difference between the British Shorthair and Scottish Fold skull length and cranial length measures was not statistically significant. However, the Van Cat skull length result was statistically different from other species (p < 0.05). Scottish Fold had the broadest head (cranial width: 41.02 ± 0.79 mm). These results demonstrated that the scull of the Van Cat was longer but thinner than that of other species. In comparison to other species, the form of the Scottish Fold skull was more rounded. Internal height of cranium measurements for Van Cat and British Shorthair were statistically significant. In Van Cats, this measurement was 27.81 ± 1.58 mm, while in British Shorthairs, it was 30.23 ± 1.89 mm. Measurements of the foremen magnum were not statistically significant for any species. Van Cat's measures for the foramen magnum were the highest (Foramen magnum height: 11.59 ± 0.93 mm; Foramen magnum width: 14.18 ± 0.70 mm). Scottish Fold had the highest cranial index (Cranial index: 55.50 ± 4.02). Van Cat had the lowest value for this (Cranial index: 50.19 ± 2.16). Van Cat's cranial index value differed statistically from that of other species (p < 0.05). Between species, the foramen magnum index was not significant. None of the index values were statistically significant for Scottish Fold and British Shorthair. Foramen magnum width had the highest age‐to‐measurement value correlation (r = 0.310), although it was statistically insignificant. Skull length had the highest weight‐to‐measurement value correlations (R = 0.809), and it proved to be statistically significant. Skull length was the measuring value that distinguished male and female the most clearly (p = 0.000).
Iodine‐125 seed versus hook‐wire guided breast conserving surgery: do post operative complication rates differ?
Authors: Ooi Wei Ling , Becker Brenno , Phillips Michael , Saunders Christobel , Taylor Donna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadio‐guided occult lesion localisation using iodine 125 seeds (ROLLIS) is used to localize impalpable breast cancers for breast conserving surgery (BCS). Previous studies have suggested improved efficiency and patient outcomes with ROLLIS compared with hook‐wire localisation (HWL). The aim of this report is to compare the post‐operative complication rates and safety profiles of ROLLIS versus hook‐wire guided surgery.MethodsBetween September 2013 and March 2018, 690 women with non‐palpable breast cancer eligible for breast‐conserving surgery were randomly assigned to either pre‐operative localisation with 125 I seed or hook‐wire as part of the ROLLIS clinical trial. Medical record review of 170 women (30% of the total participants) from three tertiary hospitals in Western Australia was performed. Post‐operative complications were classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE) grade I to V.ResultsTotal of 170 surgeries were performed: 82 by ROLLIS and 88 by hook‐wire. The overall complication rate in the ROLLIS group was 19.5%, with 15.9% being grade II and 3.66% grade III. In the HWL group, the complication rate was 22.7% with 20.5% being grade II and 2.27% grade III. There was no statistically significant difference in complication grades between the 2 groups. No grade IV or grade V complications were reported. Complications observed included drainable seroma, drainable haematoma and surgical site infection.ConclusionROLLIS is a safe method of localisation for surgical resection with similar complication rates as hookwires. We encourage its use as an alternative localisation technique as it has demonstrable superiority and efficacy.
Probing mechanisms and improving management of glaucoma following Boston keratoprosthesis surgery
Authors: Geoffrion Dominique , Koenekoop Robert K. , Harissi‐Dagher Mona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCorneal blindness is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. The most common treatment is to replace the diseased cornea with standard corneal transplantation. In eyes at high risk of graft failure, the Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 (KPro) can be used to restore vision and is currently the most frequently used artificial cornea in the world. However, glaucoma is a well‐known complication of KPro surgery and is the most important threat to vision in KPro‐implanted eyes. This chronic disease is influenced by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and damages the optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss. In KPro patients, glaucoma is highly prevalent and extremely challenging to manage, yet its exact cause remains unknown.
Hiking trailheads, but not trailsides, associated with higher cover of non‐native plants’ trail impact on non‐native plant cover
Authors: Aziz Naeem , Holmes Marion A. , Bennion Leland D. , Reeb Rachel A. , Kuebbing Sara E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuestionNatural areas are commonly managed for multiple purposes, including both conservation and recreational use. Hiking trails are an extremely common feature in natural areas that enable recreational use, but trail construction and use can also facilitate the spread of non‐native species by altering trailside conditions, creating disturbances, and acting as a conduit for non‐native propagules to be carried into the backcountry.LocationPowdermill Nature Reserve, Southwestern Pennsylvania, USA.MethodsWe tested how distance from trailhead and trailside affected the understory plant cover and abundance and light and soil environment by establishing study plots at varying distances from the trailhead along perpendicular transects from the trailside.ResultsWe found that non‐native plant cover decreased with distance from the trailhead, with the majority occurring within 1 km of the trailhead, while non‐native cover increased by as much as 12% moving away from the trailside and toward the forest interior. Total species richness and diversity decreased with increasing distance from the trailhead and per‐species mean cover increased. Total cover decreased in plots with higher light levels.ConclusionsOur results suggest that hiking trails could be acting as a conduit for the spread of non‐native plants, with the greatest effect occurring near the trailhead where early detection and future management efforts could be concentrated. The measurable increase in non‐native cover moving away from the trailside is potentially a result of trails being constructed in an already‐invaded forest, with the effects of trail construction or active management reducing non‐native cover at the immediate trailside.
Born in the UK: A registry to improve and broadcast knowledge on Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Durot Eric , Delmer Alain 
Published: February 2023

Registries constitute an interesting source of real‐world data and bring complementary information to randomised controlled trials. They are of particular importance in rare diseases such as Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM), which can present with various clinical and biological features. In their paper Uppal and colleagues describe the development of the Rory Morrison Registry, the UK registry for WM and IgM‐related disorders and highlight the profound changes in therapies both at first‐line and relapsed settings in the recent years.Commentary on: Uppal E. et al. The WMUK Rory Morrison Registry for Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia: the growth of a national registry for a rare disorder. Br J Haematol. 2023;201:905‐912.
The effects of temperature on prosocial and antisocial behaviour: A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lynott Dermot , Corker Katherine , Connell Louise , O'Brien Kerry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch from the social sciences suggests an association between higher temperatures and increases in antisocial behaviours, including aggressive, violent, or sabotaging behaviours, and represents a heat‐facilitates‐aggression perspective. More recently, studies have shown that higher temperature experiences may also be linked to increases in prosocial behaviours, such as altruistic, sharing, or cooperative behaviours, representing a warmth‐primes‐prosociality view. However, across both literatures, there have been inconsistent findings and failures to replicate key theoretical predictions, leaving the status of temperature‐behaviour links unclear. Here we review the literature and conduct meta‐analyses of available empirical studies that have either prosocial (e.g., monetary reward, gift giving, helping behaviour) or antisocial (self‐rewarding, retaliation, sabotaging behaviour) behavioural outcome variables, with temperature as an independent variable. In an omnibus multivariate analysis (total N = 4577) with 80 effect sizes, we found that there was no reliable effect of temperature on the behavioural outcome measured. Further, we find little support for either the warmth‐primes‐prosociality view or the heat‐facilitates‐aggression view. There were no reliable effects if we consider separately the type of behavioural outcome (prosocial or antisocial), different types of temperature experience (haptic or ambient), or potential interactions with the experimental social context (positive, neutral, or negative). We discuss how these findings affect the status of existing theoretical perspectives and provide specific suggestions advancing research in this area.
Training self‐other distinction facilitates perspective taking in young children
Authors: Kampis Dora , Lukowski Duplessy Helle , Askitis Dimitrios , Southgate Victoria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeople sometimes commit ‘egocentric errors’, failing to ignore their own perspective when interpreting others' communication. Training imitation‐inhibition, when participants perform the opposite action from another person, facilitates subsequent perspective‐taking in adults. This study tested whether imitation‐inhibition training also facilitates perspective‐taking in 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds, an age where egocentric perspective may be particularly influential. Children participated in a 10‐min imitation‐inhibition, imitation, or non‐social‐inhibition training (white, n = 25 per condition, 33 female, period: 2018–2021), then the communicative‐perspective‐taking Director task. Training had a significant effect (F(2, 71) = 3.316, p = .042, η2 = .085): on critical trials, the imitation‐inhibition‐group selected the correct object more often than the other groups. Imitation‐inhibition training specifically enhanced the perspective‐taking process possibly by highlighting the distinction between self and other.
Large carnivore encounters through the lens of mobile videos on social media
Authors: Gao Yufang , Lee Andy T. L. , Luo Yu , Alexander Justine Shanti , Shi Xiangying , Sangpo Tashi , Clark Susan G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding local encounters with large carnivores is important for promoting sustainable coexistence. The use of smartphones and social media in geographically remote areas offers a novel avenue to study human–wildlife encounters from a local perspective. We conducted a content analysis of mobile videos on social media (n = 207) to characterize human encounters with snow leopards, gray wolves, and brown bears on the Tibetan Plateau in China. We also used ethnographic interviews to understand the backgrounds and motivations of videographers. Results show large carnivore encounters are not necessarily conflictual. Over half of encounters are neutral without observable interference between people and predators. The likelihood of a “negative encounter” is significantly associated with the target species, the distance between the videographer and the animal, the level of human influence in the surroundings, and the presence of other animals (i.e., dogs and livestock). Local Tibetan herders document unusual encounters with carnivores using videos for various reasons, but what is deemed unusual is context‐dependent and fluid. Our study demonstrates that social media videos can provide valuable insights into the diversity and complexity of human–wildlife interactions. We encourage conservationists to develop visual participatory programs to better engage local people in conservation knowledge production.
Basiliximab induction versus no induction in adult heart transplantation
Authors: Rudzik Katelyn N. , Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Palmer Brittany A. , Hickey Gavin W. , Huston Jessica H. , Keebler Mary E. , Kaczorowski David J. , Horn Edward T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundInduction immunosuppression in heart transplant recipients varies greatly by center. Basiliximab (BAS) is the most commonly used induction immunosuppressant but has not been shown to reduce rejection or improve survival. The objective of this retrospective study was to compare rejection, infection, and mortality within the first 12 months following heart transplant in patients who received BAS or no induction.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of adult heart transplant recipients given BAS or no induction from January 1, 2017 to May 31, 2021. The primary endpoint was incidence of treated acute cellular rejection (ACR) at 12‐months post‐transplant. Secondary endpoints included ACR at 90 days post‐transplant, incidence of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) at 90 days and 1 year, incidence of infection, and all‐cause mortality at 1 year.ResultsA total of 108 patients received BAS, and 26 patients received no induction within the specified timeframe. There was a lower incidence of ACR within the first year in the BAS group compared to the no induction group (27.7 vs. 68.2%, p < .002). BAS was independently associated with a lower probability of having a rejection event during the first 12‐months post‐transplant (hazard ratio (HR) .285, 95% confidence interval [CI] .142–.571, p < .001). There was no difference in the rate of infection and in mortality after hospital discharge at 1‐year post‐transplant (6% vs. 0%, p = .20).ConclusionBAS appears to be associated with greater freedom from rejection without an increase in infections. BAS may be a preferred to a no induction strategy in patients undergoing heart transplantation.
The impact of place‐based policies on interpersonal income inequality
Authors: Albanese Giuseppe , Barone Guglielmo , de Blasio Guido 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper assesses the causal impact of the European Union (EU) cohesion policy, aimed at reducing the regional divide within the EU, on interpersonal income inequality in receiving areas. We leverage a severe contraction of financing, which took place in an Italian region in 2007, and adopt a difference‐in‐discontinuity empirical design to show that the Gini index (of income) at the municipality level goes down because of the end of the policy. The improvement is due to the move of top earners towards the centre of the distribution. The reduction in the Gini indicator is confirmed even if we resort to a region‐level analysis. Our results suggest that from a policy perspective, reducing spatial inequality might come with the cost of worsening inequality across individuals.
Four‐point flexural strength and microtensile bond strength of digitally and conventionally veneered zirconia
Authors: Utar M. , Demirtağ Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study intended to evaluate the effect of digital veneering on four‐point flexural strength (FS) and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of veneered zirconia. Two different zirconia blocks, a lithium disilicate and a feldspathic ceramic block, and two different layering ceramics were used. IPS e.max Zir CAD (ZC) and Vita In‐Ceram YZ (YZ) with yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y‐TZP) were used as substructures. IPS e.max CAD (LD), Vita Mark II (VMII), IPS e.max Ceram (EC) and Vita VM9 (VM9) were used for veneering. Resin cement and fusion ceramic were placed between veneer and zirconia substructure for digital veneering. A total of one hundred and fifty specimens in five groups (n = 30) were prepared for FS and tested in universal machine at 1.0 mm/min. One hundred specimens in five groups (n = 20) were obtained for the μTBS and tested at 1.0 mm/min. Statistical analysis was made by one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Conventional veneering showed statistically significant FS. ZC veneered with EC had the highest mean FS and the lowest was obtained in groups veneered through resin cement. YZ layered with VM9 had the highest mean μTBS. ZC veneered through fusion ceramic and YZ veneered through resin cement showed significantly lower and similar μTBS.