bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downslope Wind‐Driven Fires in the Western United States
Authors: Abatzoglou J. T. , Kolden C. A. , Williams A. P. , Sadegh M. , Balch J. K. , Hall A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDownslope wind‐driven fires have resulted in many of the wildfire disasters in the western United States and represent a unique hazard to infrastructure and human life. We analyze the co‐occurrence of wildfires and downslope winds across the western United States (US) during 1992–2020. Downslope wind‐driven fires accounted for 13.4% of the wildfires and 11.9% of the burned area in the western US yet accounted for the majority of local burned area in portions of southern California, central Washington, and the front range of the Rockies. These fires were predominantly ignited by humans, occurred closer to population centers, and resulted in outsized impacts on human lives and infrastructure. Since 1999, downslope wind‐driven fires have accounted for 60.1% of structures and 52.4% of human lives lost in wildfires in the western US. Downslope wind‐driven fires occurred under anomalously dry fuels and exhibited a seasonality distinct from other fires—occurring primarily in the spring and fall. Over 1992–2020, we document a 25% increase in the annual number of downslope wind‐driven fires and a 140% increase in their respective annual burned area, which partially reflects trends toward drier fuels. These results advance our understanding of the importance of downslope winds in driving disastrous wildfires that threaten populated regions adjacent to mountain ranges in the western US. The unique characteristics of downslope wind‐driven fires require increased fire prevention and adaptation strategies to minimize losses and incorporation of changing human‐ignitions, fuel availability and dryness, and downslope wind occurrence to elucidate future fire risk.
Sliding or Stumbling on the Staircase: Numerics of Ocean Circulation Along Piecewise‐Constant Coastlines
Authors: Nasser Antoine‐Alexis , Madec Gurvan , de Lavergne Casimir , Debreu Laurent , Lemarié Florian , Blayo Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoastlines in most ocean general circulation models are piecewise constant. Accurate representation of boundary currents along staircase‐like coastlines is a long‐standing issue in ocean modeling. Pioneering work by Adcroft and Marshall (1998, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v50i1.14514) revealed that artificial indentation of model coastlines, obtained by rotating the numerical mesh within an idealized square basin, generates a spurious form drag that slows down the circulation. Here, we revisit this problem and show how this spurious drag may be eliminated. First, we find that physical convergence to spatial resolution (i.e., the main characteristics of the flow are insensitive to the increase of the mesh resolution) allows simulations to become independent of the mesh orientation. An advection scheme with a wider stencil also reduces sensitivity to mesh orientation from coarser resolution. Second, we show that indented coastlines behave as straight and slippery shores when a true mirror boundary condition on the flow is imposed. This finding applies to both symmetric and rotational‐divergence formulations of the stress tensor, and to both flux and vector‐invariant forms of the equations. Finally, we demonstrate that the detachment of a vortex flowing past an outgoing corner of the coastline is missed with a free‐slip (zero vorticity) condition at the corner. These results provide guidance for a better numerical treatment of coastlines (and isobaths) in ocean general circulation models.
On the Requirements for Inferring Aquifer‐Scale T and S in Heterogeneous Confined Aquifers
Authors: Naderi Mostafa , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the sensitivity of aquifer‐scale estimates of transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) to the variance and correlation length scale of aquifer heterogeneity, when such estimates are obtained by the traditional approach of analyzing pumping test data. We consider both constant‐rate and variable‐rate pumping tests, and a variety of Theis‐based solution methodologies (single‐ and multiple‐observation well methods, and interpreted single value or transient values for T and S parameters) applied in pumping test data analysis. Our results indicate that achieving reliable inference of effective T and S requires that pumping be continued until the radius of the test‐induced cone of depression exceeds a “representative length” that corresponds to ∼15 times than the correlation length scale of the aquifer heterogeneity. Independent of solution type, pumping history, correlation length scale, magnitude of the sill, and location of observation well, the estimates for T will converge toward the geometric mean. For S, the estimation uncertainty is relatively large for observation wells that are close to the pumping well, but diminishes for observation wells located beyond the representative distance, resulting in convergence to the arithmetic mean. Given that these results have practical implications for how pumping tests should be carried out, we present a simple “rule‐of‐thumb” for estimating the correlation length scale of the heterogeneity of an aquifer.
A quinary WTaCrVHf nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy withholding extreme irradiation environments
Authors: El Atwani O. , Vo H. T. , Tunes M. A. , Lee C. , Alvarado A. , Krienke N. , Poplawsky J. D. , Kohnert A. A. , Gigax J. , Chen W.-Y. , Li M. , Wang Y. Q. , Wróbel J. S. , Nguyen-Manh D. , Baldwin J. K. S. , Tukac O. U. , Aydogan E. , Fensin S. , Martinez E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the quest of new materials that can withstand severe irradiation and mechanical extremes for advanced applications (e.g. fission & fusion reactors, space applications, etc.), design, prediction and control of advanced materials beyond current material designs become paramount. Here, through a combined experimental and simulation methodology, we design a nanocrystalline refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) system. Compositions assessed under extreme environments and in situ electron-microscopy reveal both high thermal stability and radiation resistance. We observe grain refinement under heavy ion irradiation and resistance to dual-beam irradiation and helium implantation in the form of low defect generation and evolution, as well as no detectable grain growth. The experimental and modeling results—showing a good agreement—can be applied to design and rapidly assess other alloys subjected to extreme environmental conditions.
Two-dimensional semiconducting SnP2Se6 with giant second-harmonic-generation for monolithic on-chip electronic-photonic integration
Authors: Zhu Cheng-Yi , Zhang Zimeng , Qin Jing-Kai , Wang Zi , Wang Cong , Miao Peng , Liu Yingjie , Huang Pei-Yu , Zhang Yao , Xu Ke , Zhen Liang , Chai Yang , Xu Cheng-Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties hold great promise to address the growing demand of multifunction integration in electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs). However, electronic-photonic co-design with 2D NLO semiconductors for on-chip telecommunication is limited by their essential shortcomings in terms of unsatisfactory optoelectronic properties, odd-even layer-dependent NLO activity and low NLO susceptibility in telecom band. Here we report the synthesis of 2D SnP2Se6, a van der Waals NLO semiconductor exhibiting strong odd-even layer-independent second harmonic generation (SHG) activity at 1550 nm and pronounced photosensitivity under visible light. The combination of 2D SnP2Se6 with a SiN photonic platform enables the chip-level multifunction integration for EPICs. The hybrid device not only features efficient on-chip SHG process for optical modulation, but also allows the telecom-band photodetection relying on the upconversion of wavelength from 1560 to 780 nm. Our finding offers alternative opportunities for the collaborative design of EPICs.
Synergistic binding sites in a metal-organic framework for the optical sensing of nitrogen dioxide
Authors: del Castillo-Velilla Isabel , Sousaraei Ahmad , Romero-Muñiz Ignacio , Castillo-Blas Celia , S. J. Méndez Alba , Oropeza Freddy E. , de la Peña O’Shea Víctor A. , Cabanillas-González Juan , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Platero-Prats Ana E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLuminescent metal-organic frameworks are an emerging class of optical sensors, able to capture and detect toxic gases. Herein, we report the incorporation of synergistic binding sites in MOF-808 through post-synthetic modification with copper for optical sensing of NO2 at remarkably low concentrations. Computational modelling and advanced synchrotron characterization tools are applied to elucidate the atomic structure of the copper sites. The excellent performance of Cu-MOF-808 is explained by the synergistic effect between the hydroxo/aquo-terminated Zr6O8 clusters and the copper-hydroxo single sites, where NO2 is adsorbed through combined dispersive- and metal-bonding interactions.
Structural basis for the self-recognition of sDSCAM in Chelicerata
Authors: Cheng Jie , Yu Yamei , Wang Xingyu , Zheng Xi , Liu Ting , Hu Daojun , Jin Yongfeng , Lai Ying , Fu Tian-Min , Chen Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo create a functional neural circuit, neurons develop a molecular identity to discriminate self from non-self. The invertebrate Dscam family and vertebrate Pcdh family are implicated in determining synaptic specificity. Recently identified in Chelicerata, a shortened Dscam (sDscam) has been shown to resemble the isoform-generating characters of both Dscam and Pcdh and represent an evolutionary transition. Here we presented the molecular details of sDscam self-recognition via both trans and cis interactions using X-ray crystallographic data and functional assays. Based on our results, we proposed a molecular zipper model for the assemblies of sDscam to mediate cell-cell recognition. In this model, sDscam utilized FNIII domain to form side-by-side interactions with neighboring molecules in the same cell while established hand-in-hand interactions via Ig1 domain with molecules from another cell around. Together, our study provided a framework for understanding the assembly, recognition, and evolution of sDscam.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis across early Parkinson’s disease, REM sleep behavior disorder and their first-degree relatives
Authors: Huang Bei , Chau Steven W. H. , Liu Yaping , Chan Joey W. Y. , Wang Jing , Ma Suk Ling , Zhang Jihui , Chan Paul K. S. , Yeoh Yun Kit , Chen Zigui , Zhou Li , Wong Sunny Hei , Mok Vincent C. T. , To Ka Fai , Lai Hei Ming , Ng Simon , Trenkwalder Claudia , Chan Francis K. L. , Wing Yun Kwok 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe microbiota-gut-brain axis has been suggested to play an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here we performed a cross-sectional study to profile gut microbiota across early PD, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), first-degree relatives of RBD (RBD-FDR), and healthy controls, which could reflect the gut-brain staging model of PD. We show gut microbiota compositions are significantly altered in early PD and RBD compared with control and RBD-FDR. Depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria and enrichment of pro-inflammatory Collinsella have already emerged in RBD and RBD-FDR after controlling potential confounders including antidepressants, osmotic laxatives, and bowel movement frequency. Random forest modelling identifies 12 microbial markers that are effective to distinguish RBD from control. These findings suggest that PD-like gut dysbiosis occurs at the prodromal stages of PD when RBD develops and starts to emerge in the younger RBD-FDR subjects. The study will have etiological and diagnostic implications.
Hierarchical porous photosensitizers with efficient photooxidation
Authors: Fang Yajun , Yang Yuntian , Xu Rui , Liang Mingyun , Mou Qi , Chen Shuixia , Kim Jehan , Jin Long Yi , Lee Myongsoo , Huang Zhegang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotosensitizers (PSs) with nano- or micro-sized pore provide a great promise in the conversion of light energy into chemical fuel due to the excellent promotion for transporting singlet oxygen (1O2) into active sites. Despite such hollow PSs can be achieved by introducing molecular-level PSs into porous skeleton, however, the catalytic efficiency is far away from imagination because of the problems with pore deformation and blocking. Here, very ordered porous PSs with excellent1O2generation are presented from cross-linking of hierarchical porous laminates originated by co-assembly of hydrogen donative PSs and functionalized acceptor. The catalytic performance strongly depends on the preformed porous architectures, which is regulated by special recognition of hydrogen binding. As the increasing of hydrogen acceptor quantities, 2D-organized PSs laminates gradually transform into uniformly perforated porous layers with highly dispersed molecular PSs. The premature termination by porous assembly endows superior activity as well as specific selectivity for the photo-oxidative degradation, which contributes to efficient purification in aryl-bromination without any postprocessing.
Mechanistic models project bird invasions with accuracy
Authors: Strubbe Diederik , Jiménez Laura , Barbosa A. Márcia , Davis Amy J. S. , Lens Luc , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvasive species pose a major threat to biodiversity and inflict massive economic costs. Effective management of bio-invasions depends on reliable predictions of areas at risk of invasion, as they allow early invader detection and rapid responses. Yet, considerable uncertainty remains as to how to predict best potential invasive distribution ranges. Using a set of mainly (sub)tropical birds introduced to Europe, we show that the true extent of the geographical area at risk of invasion can accurately be determined by using ecophysiological mechanistic models that quantify species’ fundamental thermal niches. Potential invasive ranges are primarily constrained by functional traits related to body allometry and body temperature, metabolic rates, and feather insulation. Given their capacity to identify tolerable climates outside of contemporary realized species niches, mechanistic predictions are well suited for informing effective policy and management aimed at preventing the escalating impacts of invasive species.
Gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology: a review and hypothesis on their association
Authors: Khezri Mohammad Rafi , Ghasemnejad-Berenji Morteza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Different pathologic changes have been introduced to be involved in its progression. Although amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation are mainly considered the main characterizations of AD, several other processes are involved. In recent years, several other changes, including alterations in gut microbiota proportion and circadian rhythms, have been noticed due to their role in AD progression. However, the exact mechanism indicating the association between circadian rhythms and gut microbiota abundance has not been investigated yet. This paper aims to review the role of gut microbiota and circadian rhythm in AD pathophysiology and introduces a hypothesis to explain their association.
Risk assessment of retinal vascular occlusion after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Li Jing-Xing , Wang Yu-Hsun , Bair Henry , Hsu Shu-Bai , Chen Connie , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Lin Chun-Ju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are associated with several ocular manifestations. Emerging evidence has been reported; however, the causality between the two is debatable. We aimed to investigate the risk of retinal vascular occlusion after COVID-19 vaccination. This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX global network and included individuals vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines between January 2020 and December 2022. We excluded individuals with a history of retinal vascular occlusion or those who used any systemic medication that could potentially affect blood coagulation prior to vaccination. To compare the risk of retinal vascular occlusion, we employed multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models after performing a 1:1 propensity score matching between the vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. Individuals with COVID-19 vaccination had a higher risk of all forms of retinal vascular occlusion in 2 years after vaccination, with an overall hazard ratio of 2.19 (95% confidence interval 2.00–2.39). The cumulative incidence of retinal vascular occlusion was significantly higher in the vaccinated cohort compared to the unvaccinated cohort, 2 years and 12 weeks after vaccination. The risk of retinal vascular occlusion significantly increased during the first 2 weeks after vaccination and persisted for 12 weeks. Additionally, individuals with first and second dose of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 had significantly increased risk of retinal vascular occlusion 2 years following vaccination, while no disparity was detected between brand and dose of vaccines. This large multicenter study strengthens the findings of previous cases. Retinal vascular occlusion may not be a coincidental finding after COVID-19 vaccination.
Online biofilm monitoring is missing in technical systems: how to build stronger case-studies?
Authors: Pereira Ana , Melo Luis F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing physical tools to assess online, real-time, continuous information about biofilms in technical water systems is a key component of an early-warning antifouling strategy. However, online biofilm monitoring is not yet relevant in real-field practice, nor in lab studies. In this review we analyse online biofilm monitoring from an academic perspective to provide insights on what science can improve to bring it to the spotlight of biofouling management and prevention. We argue the need to involve a broader community of biofilm researchers on the use of online monitoring to deepen biofilm studies (e.g. linking biofilm features, dynamics and operational impact) as well as the need for more, and better detailed studies. This will, consequently, reinforce the added value of biofilm monitoring as part of an early-warning antifouling strategy while bridging the techniques’ potential to the real-field needs. Finally, we propose a framework to improve laboratorial and field studies.
Dynamic multiscaling in stochastically forced Burgers turbulence
Authors: De Sadhitro , Mitra Dhrubaditya , Pandit Rahul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe carry out a detailed study of dynamic multiscaling in the turbulent nonequilibrium, but statistically steady, state of the stochastically forced one-dimensional Burgers equation. We introduce the concept of interval collapse time, which we define as the time taken for a spatial interval, demarcated by a pair of Lagrangian tracers, to collapse at a shock. By calculating the dynamic scaling exponents of the moments of various orders of these interval collapse times, we show that (a) there is not one but an infinity of characteristic time scales and (b) the probability distribution function of the interval collapse times is non-Gaussian and has a power-law tail. Our study is based on (a) a theoretical framework that allows us to obtain dynamic-multiscaling exponents analytically, (b) extensive direct numerical simulations, and (c) a careful comparison of the results of (a) and (b). We discuss possible generalizations of our work to higher dimensions, for the stochastically forced Burgers equation, and to other compressible flows that exhibit turbulence with shocks.
Preliminary evaluation of the safety and efficacy of glucose solution infusion through the hepatic artery on irreversible electroporation focusing
Authors: Sarreshtehdari Amirhossein , Burdio Fernando , López-Alonso Borja , Lucía Óscar , Burdio José Miguel , Villamonte María , Andaluz A. , García-Arnas F. , Berjano E. , Moll Xavier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to electrical features of the tissue, such as impedance, which have a significant impact on irreversible electroporation (IRE) function, the administration of glucose solution 5% (GS5%) through the hepatic artery would focus IRE on scattered liver tumors. By creating a differential impedance between healthy and tumor tissue. This study aimed to determine the effects of the GS5% protocol on healthy liver tissue and its safety. 21 male Athymic nude rats Hsd: RH-Foxn1mu were used in the study. Animals were split into two groups. In group 1, a continuous infusion through the gastroduodenal artery of GS5% was performed to measure the impedance with a dose of 0.008 mL/g for 16 min. In group 2, the animals were divided into two subgroups for infusions of GS5%. Group 2.1, at 0.008 mL/g for 16 min. Group 2.2 at 0.03 mL/g for 4 min. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia has been induced. The second sample, after catheterization of the artery, and the third after the GS5% infusion. All the animals were sacrificed to collect histological samples. The survival rate during the experiment was 100%. A considerable impact on the impedance of the tissue was noticed, on average up to 4.31 times more than the baseline, and no side effects were observed after GS5% infusion. In conclusion, impedance alteration by Glucose solution infusion may focus IRE on tumor tissue and decrease IRE’s effects on healthy tissue.
Neurogenic timing of the inferior olive subdivisions is related to the olivocerebellar projection topography
Authors: Luo Yuanjun , Chao Yuhan , Owusu-Mensah Richard Nana Abankwah , Zhang Jingyun , Hirata Tatsumi , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe olivocerebellar projection is organized into an intricate topographical connection from the inferior olive (IO) subdivisions to the longitudinally-striped compartments of cerebellar Purkinje Cells (PCs), to play an essential role in cerebellar coordination and learning. However, the central mechanisms for forming topography need to be clarified. IO neurons and PCs are generated during overlapping periods of a few days in embryonic development. Therefore, we examined whether their neurogenic timing is specifically involved in the olivocerebellar topographic projection relationship. First, we mapped neurogenic timing in the entire IO by using the neurogenic-tagging system of neurog2-CreER (G2A) mice and specific labeling of IO neurons with FoxP2. IO subdivisions were classified into three groups depending on their neurogenic timing range. Then, we examined the relationships in the neurogenic-timing gradient between IO neurons and PCs by labeling topographic olivocerebellar projection patterns and PC neurogenic timing. Early, intermediate, and late groups of IO subdivisions projected to late, intermediate, and early groups of the cortical compartments, respectively, except for a few particular areas. The results indicated that the olivocerebellar topographic relationship is essentially arranged according to the reverse neurogenic-timing gradients of the origin and target.