bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health and economic burden associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: La Foucade Althea , Laptiste Christine , Alcaraz Andrea , Theodore Karl , Cumberbatch Anton , Gittens-Baynes Kimberly-Ann , Beharry Vyjanti , Gabriel Samuel , Metivier Charmaine , Edwards-Wescott Patricia , Bethelmie Don 
Published: February 2023

Background In Trinidad and Tobago, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death. Unhealthy diet is one modifiable NCD risk factor, which contributes to the NCD burden. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with an increased risk of NCDs. Aim The aim of this paper is to estimate the burden of disease and economic costs associated with the consumption of SSBs in Trinidad and Tobago as evidence to support the implementation of health and fiscal policies on SSB consumption. Methods The results of this study were obtained through the use of a mathematical model which used a comparative risk assessment approach to estimate the health and economic burden associated with SSB intake, by sex and age. Results Estimates for one year showed that SSB consumption was associated with approximately 15,000 cases of overweight and obesity in adults and 11,700 cases in children, 28% of all the cases of diabetes and overall, an estimated 387 deaths and 9000 years of healthy life were lost due to premature death and disability. Approximately US$23.1 million was spent in the public healthcare system to treat diseases associated with consumption of sugary beverages. Conclusions The consumption of SSBs is associated with increases in diseases, deaths and rising healthcare costs in Trinidad and Tobago. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide an added rationale and impetus for the implementation of policies to reduce the consumption of SSBs.
Tissue Regrowth and Its Vascularization Through Bone Marrow Stimulation: Microfracture at the Acetabular Rim for Irreparable Labral Tear in a Porcine Model
Authors: Su Tiao , Ao Yunong , Yang Liu , Chen Guang-xing 
Published: February 2023

Background: The treatment of irreparable acetabular labral tear remains a great challenge. Whether fibrocartilage-like tissue can regrow with sufficient volume to fill the labral defect area through bone marrow stimulation remains unknown. Purpose: To characterize the healing process and vascularization course of the regrown tissue after microfracture at the acetabular rim for irreparable labral tears in a porcine model. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twelve pigs randomly underwent unilateral microfracture at the acetabular rim after the resection of a 10 mm–long section of labrum from 10 to 1 o’clock. Pigs were randomly sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The regrown tissues were harvested for macroscopic evaluation and histologic assessment. The regrown tissue was zoned into 2 halves to observe the vascular distribution: the capsular half (zone I) and the articular half (zone II). Each zone was divided into 2 parts: the peripheral part (IA and IIA) and the part attached to the acetabulum (IB and IIB). Results: At 6 weeks, all regrown tissue was hypotrophic with <50% filling of the labral defect. Fibrochondrocytes were concentrated at the interface between the acetabulum and the regrown tissue. The vascularization was equal among each part within the regrown tissue. As compared with regrown tissue at 12 weeks, proteoglycan and collagen type 1 and 2 were more evident within the regrown tissue at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, tissue disintegration occurred in all regrown tissue with <25% filling of the labral defect area. The vascular structure could barely be observed, with few fibrochondrocytes found at the area adjacent to the acetabulum. Conclusion: Fibrocartilage-like tissue did regrow with well-distributed vascular ingrowth of each part of the regrown tissue through bone marrow stimulation at the early stage. However, insufficient volume of the regrown tissue led to loss of the hip suction seal and subsequent tissue disintegration. Clinical Relevance: Microfracture at the rim of the acetabulum alone could not restore the morphology and function of the acetabular labrum. Nonetheless, microfracture at the acetabular rim might be a viable adjunct to labral reconstruction, as the well-distributed vascularization through bone marrow stimulation might overcome the obstacle of poor vascular ingrowth of the articular half of the autograft.
Midlife Transition Experiences of South Asian Immigrant Women in Canada: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Zou Ping , Alam Arzoo , Shao Jing , Luo Yan , Huang Yanjin , Zhang Hui , Wang Wei , Sidani Souraya 
Published: February 2023

Background South Asians make up a significant portion of the immigrant population in Canada, and a large portion of them are in their midlife. To improve the midlife transition of South Asian immigrant women, it is necessary to understand their lived experiences. Purpose Guided by the transition theory, this study investigates the midlife experiences of South Asian immigrant women in Canada. Methods Twenty-two South Asian midlife, immigrant women were recruited to participate in this study from the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. This study consisted of one asynchronous online focus group with 12 participants and ten one-on-one telephone interviews. Qualitative content analysis was guided by transition theory. Results South Asian immigrant women experienced many different transitions in their midlife in Canada. These transitions included changes in their (a) lifestyle, (b) career, (c) family, (d) physical health, (e) mental health, (f) social, (g) environment, and (h) personal development. Women actively managed their transitions using strategies such as exercise, socialization, counseling, and religion. Women expressed the need for social, community, and governmental support to facilitate their midlife transitions. Conclusion To promote healthy midlife transition, governments need to create better employment policies to facilitate immigrant women settlement, transferring skills, and re-employment in Canada. In addition, health care and community services to promote physical and mental health should be emphasized.
Global-Local Processing in ADHD Is Not Limited to the Visuospatial Domain: Novel Evidence From the Auditory Domain
Authors: Akerman Aviv , Etkovitch Amit , Kalanthroff Eyal 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Global-local visuospatial processing has been widely investigated in both healthy and clinical populations. Recent studies indicated that individuals with ADHD lack a global processing bias. However, the extant literature regarding global-local processing style focuses solely on the visual modality. Methods: ADHD ( N = 21) and typically developed (TD) controls ( N = 24) underwent an auditory global-local task, in which they had to decide whether the melody is ascending or descending in global or local conditions. Results: TD controls exhibited a classic global processing bias in the auditory task. The ADHD group exhibited no global processing bias, indicating similar processing for global and local dimensions, implying that individuals with ADHD are distracted by incongruent information in global and local conditions similarly, in both visual and auditory tasks. Conclusion: A lack of global processing bias in ADHD is not limited to the visuospatial modality and likely reflects a broader and more general processing style.
Association between the COVID-19 global pandemic and the prevalence of cats presenting with urethral obstruction at two university veterinary emergency rooms
Authors: Finstad Joanna B , Rozanski Elizabeth A , Cooper Edward S 
Published: February 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate a potential association between the COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home orders and the prevalence of emergency room presentations for urethral obstruction (UO) in feline patients. Methods Medical records and hospital census were retrospectively searched to identify the total number of cats and total number of male cats with UO presenting to two academic veterinary medical centers from 22 March to 10 August in the years 2018 (123), 2019 (137) and 2020 (175). Cats were grouped based on the year of presentation and the proportions of UO cases relative to all cats presenting to the emergency rooms during the same time frame. Absolute (year of interest – reference year) and relative ([year of interest – reference year]/[reference year]) change in prevalence was determined. These were compared for each year using a two-sample z-test. Results The absolute and relative prevalence of UO presentations across the combined population increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with 2018 (2.2% and 59%, respectively; P = 0.0003) and 2019 (1.9% and 48%, respectively; P = 0.0021). For the individual institutions, a significant increase in UO presentations was found for institution A when comparing 2020 with both 2018 ( P = 0.0072) and 2019 ( P = 0.0073), but not for institution B ( P = 0.057 and P = 0.18, respectively). No significant differences were found when 2018 and 2019 were compared across the combined population or within institutions. Conclusions and relevance The results of this study demonstrate an increased prevalence of UO during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be related to environmental change and stress imposed by stay-at-home orders.
Prevalence of feline ophthalmic disorders in South Korea: a retrospective study (2009–2021)
Authors: Park Jisoo , Kang Seonmi , Lee Eunji , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular diseases in cats in South Korea. Methods Medical records of cats that were presented for ophthalmology services at Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2009 and 2021 were reviewed. Collected data included patient signalment, clinical signs, diagnosed ophthalmic disorders and affected eyes. Odds ratios were calculated when a variable was over-represented. Results This study recorded a total of 358 eyes (180 cats). Domestic shorthair (DSH) was the most common breed (42.2%), followed by Persian (13.9%) and Scottish Fold (8.3%); 14 (35.6%) other breeds were recorded. The median age at the first presentation was 3 years (range 2 months to 17 years); the highest percentage of cats presented at <1 year (21.7%). The most affected ocular structure was the cornea (28.5%), followed by the lens (19.9%) and uvea (15.3%). The most frequently reported disorders were corneal ulceration (13.2%), uveitis (11.9%), incipient cataract (11.0%), keratitis (5.4%), secondary glaucoma (5.2%) and sequestrum (4.2%). The Exotic Shorthair breed was significantly over-represented with regard to entropion and periorbital fat prolapse ( P <0.01). The DSH breed was significantly over-represented with regard to eyelid agenesis ( P <0.01). Conclusions and relevance This study provides prevalence information for feline ophthalmic diseases and could contribute important data for diagnosing, treating and preventing feline ophthalmic diseases in South Korea.
Radially Based Extensor Retinacular Sling Reconstruction for Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Subsheath Injuries in Elite Athletes
Authors: Mastroianni Michael A. , Leibman Matthew , Belsky Mark , Vitale Mark A. , Ruchelsman David E. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) subsheath injuries are an increasingly recognized cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in elite athletes. There is a lack of surgical outcome data in elite athletes, and unique considerations exist for these patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of our hand center experience of 14 elite professional or collegiate athletes who prospectively underwent radially based extensor retinacular sling ECU subsheath reconstruction by 3 hand surgery-fellowship-trained surgeons between April 2011 and April 2021. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoperative findings were cataloged. Subgroup analyses of elite hockey players and acute subsheath injuries were also conducted. Statistical analysis was performed via a 2-tailed paired t test. Results: Mean age at the time of surgery was 21.3 years (range, 18-34). Mean time from symptom onset to surgery was 102.1 ± 110.7 days. All 14 patients underwent preoperative MRI. Five patients (35.7%) had intrinsic ECU tendinopathy, 9 patients (64.3%) had ECU tenosynovitis, 6 patients (42.9%) had triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, and 9 patients (64.3%) had ulnocarpal synovitis. Mean postoperative pain on a Visual Analog Scale was 0.25 ± 0.43. Grip strength ( P = .001), wrist flexion-extension ( P = .037), and pronosupination arcs ( P = .093) showed excellent recovery postoperatively. Mean time to unrestricted return to sports was 92.5 ± 21.0 days. There were no complications. Subgroup analyses found similar functional improvement and characterized injury patterns. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest surgical management of ECU subsheath injuries is a viable option in both acute and chronic settings in elite athletes and may be favorable compared with nonoperative management.
Radiographic Scapholunate Interval in the Pediatric Population Decreases in Size as Age Increases
Authors: Shaver Timothy B. , Hogarth Danielle A. , Case Alexandria L. , May Catherine C. , Abzug Joshua M. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Widening of the scapholunate (SL) interval greater than 2 mm is diagnostic of an injury in adults; however, this absolute number cannot be used for skeletally immature individuals due to the ossification of the carpal bones. The purpose of this study was to determine age-appropriate normative values for the radiographic SL interval in the skeletally immature population. Methods: Normal pediatric wrist radiographs were identified. The radiographic SL interval was measured as the distance between the scaphoid and the lunate at the mid-joint space between the scaphoid and the lunate, and the SL and capitolunate angles were measured on lateral views. An initial inter-rater reliability assessment was completed with strong inter-rater reliability. Results: In all, 529 radiographic series of children (276 male), aged 4 to 17 years, were reviewed. A negative linear correlation between chronological age and distance at the mid-joint space was observed. The average values for the radiographic SL interval ranged from 9.07 to 1.57 mm. The average SL and capitolunate angles were 52.0° and 10.6°, respectively. No linear relationship was found between chronological age and SL or capitolunate angle ( R = 0.07 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: The visible radiographic distance between the scaphoid and the lunate decreases with increasing age as the carpal bones ossify. The normative values defined in this study can be used to determine whether a true widening of the SL interval is present in the pediatric population. No linear relationship exists between chronological age and SL or capitolunate angle.
Rehabilitation following extra-articular proximal phalangeal fractures of the fingers in adults: a scoping review
Authors: Vervloesem Nele , Glassey Nicole , Kerr Alison 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Proximal phalangeal fractures are common and can have a significant impact on hand function. Therefore, it is important to optimise post-operative rehabilitation. A scoping review was undertaken to map the existing evidence on rehabilitation of proximal phalangeal fractures of the fingers in adults. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted which included database searching, reference searching, hand searching of journals, and searching for grey literature. Eight articles were included after screening for eligibility. Results Three studies researched surgical interventions and five studies conservative management. The immobilisation period varied between 5 days to 3 weeks in the surgical studies, and between 3 to 7 weeks in the conservative studies. Active exercise therapy was started immediately with conservative management, while in the surgical studies time to commence exercises varied between 5 days and 3 weeks. All studies reported good results in mobility with a mean total active motion ranging from 240° to 258.9°. Patients reported little pain at final follow-up and grip strength recovered to 96% compared to the unaffected side. Studies reporting on function and patient satisfaction lacked transparency. Conclusions All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias and the results of the included studies should therefore be interpreted with caution. More high-quality randomised controlled studies with an a priori research protocol and a standard set of outcome measures are necessary to research whether early motion, an intrinsic plus splint leaving the wrist free, and the inclusion of additional treatment modalities can result in a better and/or faster recovery.
Malignant upper urinary tract obstruction: A prospective evaluation of patients presenting as an emergency to urology and their long-term real-life outcomes
Authors: Corkill Joel , Hawthorne Rachel , Westera Jurjen , Collin Neil , Aning Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the management and survival outcomes of patients referred to urology as an emergency with malignant upper urinary tract obstruction (MUUTO). Patients and Methods: Between 2019 and 2020, the outcomes of all emergency referrals with MUUTO to the Urology team at a single institution were prospectively analysed. Results: In total, 119 patients, median age 77 years, were referred to the urology team with MUUTO. Of these, 59% (70/119) had bilateral and 41% (49/119) unilateral obstruction. The three commonest primary underlying malignancies were bladder (41% (49/119)), prostate (19% (23/119)), and colorectal (8% (10/119)) cancer. The commonest indication for referral was acute kidney injury (86% (103/119)), the remainder had sepsis (13% (15/119)), and pain (1% (1/119)). Median in-patient stay for the admission was 7 days. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR/1.73 m2) measured on discharge improved irrespective of whether intervention for MUUTO was received. Overall survival of the cohort was 13% (16/119). Conclusions: Patients referred with MUUTO as an emergency have a poor prognosis. Renal function does not significantly deteriorate in the short term in this patient group with no intervention, and overall survival is not significantly improved after intervention unless further treatment is received. Multidisciplinary team discussion, including patients and oncologists, should be best practice before intervention in this challenging situation. Level of evidence: 2b
Double-Positive Anti–Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody and Myeloperoxidase Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Associated Glomerulonephritis Post COVID-19 mRNA vaccine: A Case Series of 4 Patients
Authors: Ting Julie Anne , Barbir Elena-Bianca , McRae Susanna A. , Schachter Michael , De Luca Linda , Riazy Maziar , Levin Adeera 
Published: February 2023

Rationale: Vaccines remain central to the management of COVID-19 pandemic, including the need for repeat doses of vaccines to boost immunity. There has been an accumulating case count of glomerulopathies temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination. This case series presents 4 patients who developed double-positive anti–glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. This report contributes to our collective knowledge about the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes associated with this rare complication. Presenting Concerns of the Patient: Four patients developed nephritic syndrome within 1 to 6 weeks after receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (3 post Pfizer-BioNTech and 1 post Moderna vaccination). Three of the 4 patients also had hemoptysis. Diagnosis: Three of the 4 patients had double-positive serology, whereas the fourth patient had renal biopsy findings consistent with double-positive disease, although anti-GBM serology was negative. All patients had renal biopsy findings consistent with double-positive anti-GBM and ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Interventions: All 4 patients were treated with pulse steroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. Outcomes: Of the 4 patients, 1 demonstrated complete remission, 2 remained dialysis-dependent, and the fourth is deceased. Of the 2 patients who received repeat vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, 1 patient had second serologic flare of anti-GBM in response to the vaccine. Novel Findings: This case series reinforces growing evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced glomerulonephritis is a rare but real phenomenon. Dual ANCA and anti-GBM nephritis can present after the first dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine or after several administrations of the vaccine. We are the first to report cases of double-positive MPO ANCA and anti-GBM nephritis after Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. To our knowledge, we are also the first to report outcomes of repeat COVID-19 vaccination in patients with de novo flare of ANCA and anti-GBM nephritis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
The effect of question order on outcomes in the orbital core outcome set for alcohol brief interventions among online help-seekers (QOBCOS): Findings from a randomised factorial trial
Authors: Bendtsen Marcus , Garnett Claire , Toner Paul , Shorter Gillian W 
Published: February 2023

Objective A core outcome set (COS) has been developed in alcohol brief intervention (ABI) research through international consensus. This study aimed to estimate order effects among questions in the COS. Methods Individuals aged 18 or older who searched online for alcohol-related help were invited to complete the COS. The order of questions was randomised following a factorial design. Primary outcomes were order effects among the COS items and patterns of attrition. Results Between 21/10/2020 and 26/11/2020, we randomised 7334 participants, of which 5256 responded to at least one question and were available for analyses. Current non-drinkers were excluded. We found evidence of higher self-reported average consumption and odds of harmful and hazardous drinking was found among those who first answered questions on recent consumption and impact of alcohol use. Lower self-reported recent consumption was found among those first asked about average consumption. Quality of life (QoL) was reported lower among those who first responded to when questions on impact of alcohol use were asked first, which in turn was lower among those who first answered question on when average consumption and QoL were asked first. Attrition was lowest when average consumption was asked first, and highest when QoL or impact of alcohol use was asked first. Median completion time for the COS was 4.3 min. Conclusions Question order affects outcomes and attrition. If the aim is to minimize attrition, consumption measures should be asked before QoL and impact of alcohol use; however, this order impacts self-reported alcohol consumption and so researchers should be guided by study priorities. At a minimum, all participants should be asked the same questions in the same order. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN17954645).