bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food allergen analysis: A review of current gaps and the potential to fill them by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Birse Nicholas , Burns Duncan Thorburn , Walker Michael J. , Quaglia Milena , Elliott Christopher T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFood allergy remains a public health, business, and regulatory challenge. Risk analysis (RA) and risk management (RM) of food allergens are of great importance and analysis for food allergens is necessary for both. The current workhorse techniques for allergen analysis (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and real‐time polymerase chain reaction) exhibit recognized challenges including variable and antibody specific responses and detection of species DNA rather than allergen protein, respectively. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) enables protein identification, with potential for multiplex analysis and traceability to the System of International units (SI), aiding global measurement standardization. In this review, recent literature has been systematically reviewed to assess progress in LC–MS/MS and define the potential and benefits of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–time‐of‐flight MS (MALDI–ToF‐MS) technology for allergen analysis. MALDI–ToF‐MS of initially intact protein is already applied to verify in silico‐derived peptide sequences for LC–MS/MS analysis. We describe the origins of MALDI and its future perspectives, including affinity bead‐assisted assays coupled to MALDI. Based on the proliferation of reliable and reproducible MALDI‐based clinical applications, the technique should emulate the detection capability (sensitivity) of established allergen detection techniques, whilst reducing technical support and having equivalent multiplexing potential to competing techniques, for example, LC–MS/MS and ELISA. Although unlikely to offer inherent SI traceability, MALDI‐based allergen analysis will complement existing MS approaches for allergens. Affinity bead‐MALDI appears capable of higher throughput at lower cost per sample than almost any existing technique, enabling repeated sub‐sampling as a way to reduce representative sampling issues.
Limited role for hyperammonemia in the progression of diet‐induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Wang Zi Xuan , Wang Meng Yu , Yang Rui Xu , Ren Tian Yi , Zhao Ze Hua , Xin Feng Zhi , Fan Jian Gao 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo determine whether hyperammonemia has a direct impact on steatohepatitis in mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups receiving either chow diet or HFD. After 12‐week NASH modeling, hyperammonemia was induced by intragastric administration of ammonium chloride solution (NH4Cl) or liver‐specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1) knockdown. In vitro experiments were performed in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acid (FFA) and NH4Cl.ResultsNH4Cl administration led to increased levels of plasma and hepatic ammonia in NASH mice. NH4Cl‐induced hyperammonemia did not influence liver histological changes in mice fed with HFD; however, elevated plasma cholesterol level, and an increasing trend of liver lipid content were observed. No significant effect of hyperammonemia on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH mice was found. In vitro cell experiments showed that NH4Cl treatment failed to increase the lipid droplet content and the expressions of de novo lipogenesis genes in HepG2 cells induced by FFA. The knockdown of Cps1 in HFD‐fed mice resulted in elevated plasma ammonia levels but did not cause histological change in the liver.ConclusionsOur study revealed a limited role of ammonia in aggravating the progression of NASH. Further studies are needed to clarify the role and mechanism of ammonia in NASH development.
Saving the endangered Mary River turtle: Enhancing conservation outcomes through community engagement
Authors: Campbell Mariana A. , Connell Marilyn J. , Clark Natalie J. , Espinoza Tom , Flakus Samantha P. , Collett Sydney J. , Cann John , Franklin Craig E. , Campbell Hamish A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAustralian biodiversity is facing an extinction crisis; yet, government spending on conservation is wholly inadequate. The involvement of local communities in fundraising, direct actions, and habitat restoration is becoming vital in the fate of threatened species. Here, we review the research outputs and impact generated from 22 years of conservation‐driven collaboration between researchers and a local community focused on saving the endangered Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus). The study found that this collaboration generated a significant body of research that advanced the ecological knowledge of the species and ensured the findings were being applied towards the conservation of the turtle, locally and nationally. While the national listing status of E. macrurus as endangered has not changed over the past 22 years, the knowledge gained about the turtle's biology and its use to better advise development and water resources in the catchment suggests that the species' future is brighter than when it was first discovered in 1994. This review demonstrates the potential of local communities in driving and supporting conservation initiatives and provides a blueprint for scientific endeavours that inform adaptive community conservation programmes for threatened species.
Mechanisms of gut epithelial barrier impairment caused by food emulsifiers polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80
Authors: Ogulur Ismail , Yazici Duygu , Pat Yagiz , Bingöl Elif Naz , Babayev Huseyn , Ardicli Sena , Heider Anja , Rückert Beate , Sampath Vanitha , Dhir Raja , Akdis Mubeccel , Nadeau Kari , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rising prevalence of many chronic diseases related to gut barrier dysfunction coincides with the increased global usage of dietary emulsifiers in recent decades. We therefore investigated the effect of the frequently used food emulsifiers on cytotoxicity, barrier function, transcriptome alterations, and protein expression in gastrointestinal epithelial cells.MethodsHuman intestinal organoids originating from induced pluripotent stem cells, colon organoid organ‐on‐a‐chip, and liquid–liquid interface cells were cultured in the presence of two common emulsifiers: polysorbate 20 (P20) and polysorbate 80 (P80). The cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and paracellular‐flux were measured. Immunofluorescence staining of epithelial tight‐junctions (TJ), RNA‐seq transcriptome, and targeted proteomics were performed.ResultsCells showed lysis in response to P20 and P80 exposure starting at a 0.1% (v/v) concentration across all models. Epithelial barrier disruption correlated with decreased TEER, increased paracellular‐flux and irregular TJ immunostaining. RNA‐seq and targeted proteomics analyses demonstrated upregulation of cell development, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and response to stress at 0.05%, a concentration lower than direct cell toxicity. A proinflammatory response was characterized by the secretion of several cytokines and chemokines, interaction with their receptors, and PI3K‐Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. CXCL5, CXCL10, and VEGFA were upregulated in response to P20 and CXCL1, CXCL8 (IL‐8), CXCL10, LIF in response to P80.ConclusionsThe present study provides direct evidence on the detrimental effects of food emulsifiers P20 and P80 on intestinal epithelial integrity. The underlying mechanism of epithelial barrier disruption was cell death at concentrations between 1% and 0.1%. Even at concentrations lower than 0.1%, these polysorbates induced a proinflammatory response suggesting a detrimental effect on gastrointestinal health.
A vanguard randomised feasibility trial comparing three regimens of peri‐operative oxygen therapy on recovery after major surgery
Authors: Frei D. R. , Beasley R. , Campbell D. , Forbes A. , Leslie K. , Mackle D. , Martin C. , Merry A. , Moore M. R. , Myles P. S. , Ruawai‐Hamilton L. , Short T. G. , Young P. J. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryInternational recommendations encourage liberal administration of oxygen to patients having surgery under general anaesthesia, ostensibly to reduce surgical site infection. However, the optimal oxygen regimen to minimise postoperative complications and enhance recovery from surgery remains uncertain. The hospital operating theatre randomised oxygen (HOT‐ROX) trial is a multicentre, patient‐ and assessor‐blinded, parallel‐group, randomised clinical trial designed to assess the effect of a restricted, standard care, or liberal peri‐operative oxygen therapy regimen on days alive and at home after surgery in adults undergoing prolonged non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia. Here, we report the findings of the internal vanguard feasibility phase of the trial undertaken in four large metropolitan hospitals in Australia and New Zealand that included the first 210 patients of a planned overall 2640 trial sample, with eight pre‐specified endpoints evaluating protocol implementation and safety. We screened a total of 956 participants between 1 September 2019 and 26 January 2021, with data from 210 participants included in the analysis. Median (IQR [range]) time‐weighted average intra‐operative FiO2was 0.30 (0.26–0.35 [0.20–0.59]) and 0.47 (0.44–0.51 [0.37–0.68]) for restricted and standard care, respectively (mean difference (95%CI) 0.17 (0.14–0.20), p < 0.001). Median time‐weighted average intra‐operative FiO2was 0.83 (0.80–0.85 [0.70–0.91]) for liberal oxygen therapy (mean difference (95%CI) compared with standard care 0.36 (0.33–0.39), p < 0.001). All feasibility endpoints were met. There were no significant patient adverse events. These data support the feasibility of proceeding with the HOT‐ROX trial without major protocol modifications.
Chapter 9 Arthur C. Parker: Equivocal Examples in Advocacy and Allyship
Authors: Witt David E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTArthur Caswell Parker (1881–1955) was one of the first Indigenous archaeologists. As a Seneca‐descended scientist from the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, his cultural background aided with collaboration and research. Many archaeologists uncritically use Parker as an example of a Native archaeologist, anthropologist, and ethnographer. However, his career started at a time when the field of archaeology was still in its infancy, when practices now considered unethical were commonplace. Parker excavated and sold human burials, published records of sacred ceremonies, and provided images of False Face Masks and Snow Snakes. Yet, an examination of his personal correspondence illustrates both a concern for archaeological practice as well as efforts to prevent sensitive cultural aspects from being released to the wider, non‐Native public. These seemingly contradictory stances illustrate that Parker's practice was more nuanced than previously believed. Parker's writings and actions indicate a concern for the situation of the Seneca people and attempts to do what he thought best for others (even if they disagreed). Despite all this, the simplistic assumption that Parker, as an Indigenous archaeologist, always acted in the best interest of his people continues to influence how Euro‐Americans perceive how archaeology should be done. This belief must be interrogated in order that we may move archaeology forward to be a more respectful and equitable practice.
Chapter 7 Start the Presses? John Alden Mason as Mesoamericanist and a Reluctant New Deal Archaeologist in the 1930s
Authors: Means Bernard K. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTDuring the 1930s, J. Alden Mason was a curator at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia. He was best known during this time for his work at the site of Piedras Negras in northwestern Guatemala. Yet, the 1930s excavations at Piedras Negras were not published until 2005. This delayed publication prevented other scholars from building on this work. Also, during the 1930s, Mason led lesser‐known excavations around the Philadelphia area with federal work relief funding. No field records exist for these investigations, the whereabouts of artifacts are unknown, and only a single short article was ever published on the scant archaeological findings. Exactly what archaeology was done and where through these New Deal investigations is unknown and may be unknowable. Mason struggled with the overly bureaucratic nature of New Deal archaeology, and this might help explain his lack of due diligence with archiving his records, or with completing a properly detailed report. Today's archaeologists deal with similar constraints. But we are also ethically bound to publish our results in a reasonable time frame, rather than hoard our data the way a dragon hoards a mountain of gold. If we fail to meet these ethical principles, we really are little more than well‐educated looters.
Chapter 8 Glenn A. Black and the Problems of Objectification in Big Site‐Big Science Legacy Archaeology
Authors: Pope Melody K. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale excavations in the first half of the twentieth century conducted by Glenn A. Black at Angel Mounds were viewed as moving archaeology away from its antiquarian roots toward legitimate scientific practice. Although this transformation led to innovative field methods, amassed collections of unprecedented size and depth, and created foundational archaeological programs and knowledge, the past and the peoples who occupied it became increasingly objectified and marginalized. How did archaeological practice on such an expansive scale remove from history the people whose heritage is memorialized at a national historic landmark? And how has this history impacted archaeological practice today? To address these questions, I draw on personal letters and published accounts for insights into the interests and problematic aspects of Black's archaeological practices before turning to a consideration of some present‐day continuities, challenges, and ways forward. The issues and biases revealed in the case of Black's early 20th century archaeological praxis are not unique for the time. Nonetheless, underlying problems of objectification and racism challenge us to not only confront legacy biases and the harm they have caused, but to work toward ethical ways to use such collections now and in the future.
Chapter 12 Changing Tides: Tribal Engagement in Oregon's Coastal Archaeology
Authors: Rippee Kassandra , Scott Stacy 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTArchaeology on Oregon's Coast has been largely limited in scope and has lacked the holistic viewpoint of Indigenous coastal history. Investigations began in earnest around 1930 with avocational archaeologists like Marcus Seale interested in expanding their “trophy item” collections. The male dominated field of professional archaeology began to evolve in the 1940s and 1950s with investigators from varying backgrounds, like Luther Cressman who began studying the material culture of the Oregon Tribes as if they were an extinct group. The 1970s push for federal recognition brought increased Tribal involvement and collaboration with archaeologists such as Richard Everett “Dick” Ross. Unfortunately, Tribes remain largely uninterested in archaeology as Indigenous individuals and communities continue to be left out of the narrative. Cultural resource professionals at major institutions continue to curate “cultural material” under the aegis of science and resource protection while arguing against the repatriation of material based on either lack of skeletal components, or a misguided understanding of “affiliation” and of Native views of sacredness. We explore the legacy of our predecessors and how we as archaeologists must take a more comprehensive Tribal perspective approach to understanding Oregon coastal history and more respectfully manage legacy collections.
Effects of the COVID‐19 early pandemic on delivery outcomes among women with and without COVID‐19 at birth
Authors: Fingar Kathryn R. , Weiss Audrey J. , Roemer Marc , Agniel Denis , Reid Lawrence D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic may influence delivery outcomes through direct effects of infection or indirect effects of disruptions in prenatal care. We examined early pandemic‐related changes in birth outcomes for pregnant women with and without a COVID‐19 diagnosis at delivery.MethodsWe compared four delivery outcomes—preterm delivery (PTD), severe maternal morbidity (SMM), stillbirth, and cesarean birth—between 2017 and 2019 (prepandemic) and between April and December 2020 (early‐pandemic) using interrupted time series models on 11.8 million deliveries, stratified by COVID‐19 infection status at birth with entropy weighting for historical controls, from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project across 43 states and the District of Columbia.ResultsRelative to 2017–2019, women without COVID‐19 at delivery in 2020 had lower odds of PTD (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.92–0.94) and SMM (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.85–0.91) but increased odds of stillbirth (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.08). Absolute effects were small across race/ethnicity groups. Deliveries with COVID‐19 had an excess of each outcome, by factors of 1.07–1.46 for outcomes except SMM at 4.21. The effect for SMM was more pronounced for Asian/Pacific Islander non‐Hispanic (API; OR = 10.51; 95% CI = 5.49–20.14) and Hispanic (OR = 5.09; 95% CI = 4.29–6.03) pregnant women than for White non‐Hispanic (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 2.65–4.06) women.DiscussionDecreasing rates of PTD and SMM and increasing rates of stillbirth among deliveries without COVID‐19 were small but suggest indirect effects of the pandemic on maternal outcomes. Among pregnant women with COVID‐19 at delivery, adverse effects, particularly SMM for API and Hispanic women, underscore the importance of addressing health disparities.
Severe persistent neurotoxicity associated with CAR T therapy in children
Authors: Andrew Eden C. , Hughes David , Gilsenan Maddie , Mignone Cristina , Khaw Seong Lin , Wang Stacie Shiqi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an important therapy for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but its use carries the risk of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In children, severe ICANS is almost universally reported in association with cytokine release syndrome and is reversible. We describe two cases of severe, intractable neurotoxicity following CAR T‐cell therapy in children with pre‐existing central nervous system (CNS) vulnerabilities. The cases were atypical in their delayed onset and independence from cytokine release syndrome and did not respond to standard therapies.
Connecting groups and behaviours: A network analysis of identity‐infused behaviours
Authors: Hughes Emily A. , Ellis Samuel , Smith Joanne R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch in the social identity tradition acknowledges the multiplicity of our identities and the implications that identity compatibility has for our health and well‐being. However, current measures of multiple group membership have not yet captured the richness and complexity of our social identity networks at the wider sample level, and data regarding the different behaviours typically associated with different group memberships are scarce. Adopting a network approach, we explore the co‐occurrence of different group memberships within an individual (identity‐by‐identity network), the behaviours that are shared among identities (behaviour‐by‐identity network), and whether identities that are shared also share common behaviours (identity‐by‐behaviour network). An online survey asked participants (N = 286) to list the groups they are part of, as well as the behaviours viewed to be typical of group members. The networks identified several identities and behaviours to significantly co‐occur at a rate both higher and lower than chance. Networks were found to be low in modularity; there was no evidence of clustering within the data. Permutation analyses demonstrated the overall structure of the networks to be significantly different than expected by chance. The co‐occurrences identified serve as a meaningful resource for those conducting research into identities, group norms and their associated behaviours.
Inhibiting mtDNA‐STING‐NLRP3/IL‐1β axis‐mediated neutrophil infiltration protects neurons in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xia Xiangyu , He Xuemei , Zhao Tingmei , Yang Jingyun , Bi Zhenfei , Fu Qianmei , Liu Jian , Ao Danyi , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeutrophil is a pathophysiological character in Alzheimer's disease. The pathogen for neutrophil activation in cerebral tissue is the accumulated amyloid protein. In our present study, neutrophils infiltrate into the cerebra in two models (transgenic model APP/PS1 and stereotactic injection model) and promote neuron apoptosis, releasing their cellular constituents, including mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We found that both Aβ1–42 and mtDNA could provoke neutrophil infiltration into the cerebra, and they had synergistic effects when they presented together. This neutrophillic neuroinflammation upregulates expressions of STING, NLRP3 and IL‐1β. These inflammatory cytokines with mtDNA constitute the mtDNA‐STING‐NLRP3/IL‐1β axis, which is the prerequisite for neutrophil infiltration. When any factor in this pathway is depleted, the migration of neutrophils into cerebral tissue is ceased, with neurons and cognitive function being protected. Thus, we provide a novel perspective to alleviate the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Delphi expert consensus for whole slide imaging in thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Marletta Stefano , Salatiello Maria , Pantanowitz Liron , Bellevicine Claudio , Bongiovanni Massimo , Bonoldi Emanuela , De Rezende Gisele , Fadda Guido , Incardona Paolo , Munari Enrico , Pagni Fabio , Rossi Esther Diana , Tallini Giovanni , Troncone Giancarlo , Ugolini Clara , Vigliar Elena , Eccher Albino 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveDespite an increase in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) and advances in whole slide imaging (WSI) adoption, digital pathology is still considered inadequate for primary diagnosis of these cases. Herein, we aim to validate the utility of WSI in thyroid FNAs employing the Delphi method strategy.MethodsA panel of experts from seven reference cytology centres was recruited. The study consisted of two consecutive rounds: (1) an open‐ended, free‐response questionnaire generating a list of survey items; and (2) a consensus analysis of 80 selected shared WSIs from 80 cases by six investigators answering six morphological questions utilising a 1 to 5 Likert scale.ResultsHigh consensus was achieved for all parameters, with an overall average score of 4.27. The broad majority of items (84%) were ranked either 4 or 5 by each physician. Two badly scanned cases were responsible for more than half of the low‐ranked (≤2) values (57%). Good to excellent (≥3) diagnostic confidence was reached in more than 95.2% of cases. For most cases (78%) WSI assessment was not limited by technical issues linked to the image acquisition process.ConclusionThis systematic Delphi study indicates broad consensus among participating physicians on the application of DP to thyroid cytopathology, supporting expert opinion that WSI is reliable and safe for primary diagnostic purposes.