bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DUAL TASK FUNCTION AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Petrillo Kelsi , Toosizadeh Nima 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an increasingly relevant health concern, as demonstrated through data estimates that by 2040 the number of older adults with dementia will surpass nine million in the United States. Despite this high prevalence, more than half of patients with dementia never receive an evaluation. This indicates that a quick and objective routine test for screening cognitive decline in older adults is needed. Poor dual-task gait performance has been associated with decreased executive and neuropsychological function. However, gait tests are not always viable for clinics or older patients. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between a novel upper-extremity function (UEF) dual-task performance and neuropsychological test results in older adults. We recruited older adults at three stages: cognitively normal (n=33), mild cognitively impaired (n=34), and Alzheimer’s disease (n=22). For UEF tasks, participants performed a consistent elbow flexion, while counting backwards in by threes. Wearable motion sensors were attached to forearm and upper-arm to measure accuracy and speed of elbow flexion kinematics and the UEF cognitive score. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between UEF cognitive score and MMSE, Mini-Cog, Category fluency, Benson complex figure copy, Trail making test, and MOCA (r values between -0.2355 and -0.6037 and p&lt; 0.0288). UEF dual-task was associated with executive function, orientation, repetition, abstraction, verbal recall, attention and calculation, language and visual construction. The results from this study convey a promising future for the use of dual task UEF as a safe and convenient cognitive impairment screening.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VISUOSPATIAL ABILITY, GAIT, AND FUNCTION IN OLDER SURVIVORS OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Simone Abigail 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research has highlighted the relationship between impaired cognitive function and physical mobility measures in older adults. This relationship may also exist in older survivors of breast cancer, however, specific cognitive domains like executive function or visuospatial ability may influence physical mobility. The purpose of this study is to describe associations between cognitive function and mobility in a group of community-dwelling older females with a history of breast cancer. Cross-sectional data of performance on cognitive and physical mobility measures from 38 older adults with a history of breast cancer were analyzed. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships between measures. Significant inverse relationships were found between TMT-A and usual gait speed (r = -.662, p&lt;.001), fast gait speed (r = -.409, p = .012), and dual-task gait speed (r = -.631, p&lt;.001), suggesting that as visuospatial ability became more impaired, gait speed decreased. Significant relationships were found between TMT-A and performance on the TUG (r = .664, p&lt;.001), TUG-cognitive (r = .635, p&lt;.001), and TUG-manual (r = .653, p&lt;.001). Results indicate that visuospatial ability, as measured with the TMT-A, is associated with physical mobility measures in older survivors of breast cancer. While previous research has reported impairments in executive function in this population, impaired visuospatial ability may also play a role, suggesting that clinicians should include a visuospatial task when working on improving gait in older survivors of breast cancer.
STEP EXECUTION TIME: EXAMINING ITS RELIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION WITH PARTICIPATION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Tiernan Chad , Kolodziejczyk Ida , Talley Susan , Goldberg Allon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The projected rise in the number of older adults warrants increased attention to selecting reliable and meaningful clinical assessments. Compared to more frequently used balance measures, step execution time (SET) has not been studied extensively. The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, we investigated the association of several balance measures [SET, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-6), Five-times-sit-to-stand (5TSTS), Four-square step test (4SST), and maximum step length (MSL)] with participation (LIFE-H). Second, reliability of SET was investigated. The study included 32 community-dwelling older adults between the ages of 65 and 83 years (88% White, 66% female). Results indicated that SET was the only balance measure associated with both participation accomplishment (r = -.54, p = .001) and participation satisfaction (r = -.55, p = .001); 5TSTS (r = -.64, p &lt; .001) and 4SST (r = .37, p = .039) were also significantly correlated with participation accomplishment while MSL (r = .37, p = .040) showed a significant association with participation satisfaction. SET demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .92). Bland-Altman analysis determined the 95% Limits of Agreement to be -258.5 ms to +271.5 ms (mean difference = 6.5 ms; 95% CI of difference = -43.1 to 56.1), suggesting that bias was not a concern. SEM (100.5 ms) and MDC95 (278.5 ms) for SET represented 9.3% and 25.8% of the mean, respectively. Collectively, findings suggest that SET may have clinical utility as a reliable assessment in older adults that relates to meaningful constructs, such as participation.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MEASURES OF SLEEP QUALITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG ADULTS
Authors: Paulson Sally , Gray Michelle , Campitelli Anthony , Gills Joshua , Jones Megan , Madero Erica , Myers Jennifer , Glenn Jordan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Good quality sleep is important for physical and mental well-being and plays a vital role in healthy aging. Additionally, sleep quality is influenced by multiple factors associated with aging, such as lifestyle, depression, and physical activity levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-reported measures of physical activity levels, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality among adults aged 45-75 years. Adults (N = 204) completed the short form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants were classified as either good quality sleepers (GQS, n = 65, 67.7% female, M±SD: age: 61.7±8.9 yrs; mass: 82.8±16.7 kg, height: 169.6±10.2 cm, education: 17.3 yrs) or poor quality sleepers (PQS, n = 139, 77.7% female, M±SD: age: 61.9±8.0 yrs; mass: 83.1±16.2 kg, height: 166.4±8.5 cm, education: 18.0 yrs) using their PSQI global score. A score of ≥5 denoted PQS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and Chi-square (p ≤ .05). Sleep quality was negatively associated with the PSS (r = -.17, p = .02) and GAD-7 (r = -.19, p &lt; .01). Adults reporting PQS presented with higher levels of perceived stress and generalized anxiety. The relation between sleep quality and IPAQ was significant (X2 = 8.47, p = .01). These results suggest there was a greater tendency for PQS to report lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of stress and generalized anxiety.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PHENOTYPES WITH FALLS: BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Ylitalo Kelly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with a higher risk of falls and physical activity (PA) can prevent falls. However, the role of PA in the association between CVD and falls is unknown. We examined the associations of four CVD–PA phenotypes (no CVD–PA, no CVD–no PA, CVD–PA, CVD–no PA) with any, recurrent, and injurious falls. Middle-aged and older adults ≥ 45 years (n=295,282; N=130,103,093) from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System who self-reported CVD, leisure-time PA, and falls in the previous 12 months were examined. The weighted prevalence ratio (PR) of any (≥ 1 fall), recurrent (≥ 2 falls), and injurious (≥ 1 injurious fall) falls across CVD–PA phenotypes was estimated using Poisson regression models with adjustment for sociodemographics and major health characteristics. The likelihood of any, recurrent, and injurious falls was greater across the unhealthier CVD–PA phenotypes in fully adjusted models. In the total sample, no CVD–no PA (PR: 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.24), CVD– PA (PR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.29), and CVD–no PA (PR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.35) phenotypes were more likely to report injurious falls, than no CVD– PA phenotype. Engaging in leisure-time PA may be an important lifestyle strategy for fall prevention in midlife and older adults, particularly those with CVD. Our findings could be useful for primary and/or secondary fall prevention efforts by healthcare providers who treat midlife and older adults with CVD.
INTERGENERATIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY DYNAMICS AMONG OLDER PARENTS AND ADULT CHILDREN ON THE FACES IV AND SFI II
Authors: Hahne Jessica , Skemp Eleanor A , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Standardized measures of family dynamics are rarely used with late-life families in either research or clinical contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of family dynamics from the perspective of older parents and their adult children on two widely used family assessment measures. To our knowledge, no previous studies have reported data on these measures with late-life families. Within a larger project examining decision-making in late life, 34 older parents and two of their adult children (total N= 102) completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) IV and the Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI) II. Parents were mostly mothers (94.1%; M age= 75), but adult children included both daughters (67.6%; M age= 46) and sons (32.4%; M age= 46). For comparison with published norms, we report subscale scores on both family measures for parents and adult children. The mean intrafamily ICC (two-way, mixed effects, single rater, absolute agreement) for individual items for the FACES IV was .561 (SD= .164, Min= .128, Max= .827), and the mean intrafamily ICC on the SFI II was .422 (SD= .178, Min= .014, Max= .750). Overall, family consistency was in the poor to moderate range, but with a high degree of variability across families. Moreover, within families, parents and children had highly variable inconsistency in their perception of family dynamics. Findings from this study provide insight as to how established measures function in late-life families, and they highlight the importance of assessing multiple family members in order to understand family dynamics.
DYADIC APPRAISALS OF FAMILY DECISIONS AND HEALTH TASKS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER COUPLES
Authors: Lyons Karen , Han Sae Hwang , Kim Kyungmin , Miller Lyndsey 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dyadic theories, including the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management, emphasize the important protective roles of shared appraisals and collaborative tasks within the couple for optimizing health and well-being. Within illness contexts, research has also focused on shared decision-making and collaborative illness management within couples. However, less is known about how concordant middle-aged and older couples are regarding how they make decisions (e.g., one partner has final say, both have equal say) and how they complete health-related tasks (e.g., one partner does it, they do it together), factors associated with being more concordant as a couple, and implications of concordance for health and well-being of both members. Data from 2,761 couples (Mage = 64.94 for wives and 68.04 for husbands) from the Health and Retirement Study (2014/16–2016/18) were examined. The majority of couples were congruent regarding who makes family decisions (69.7%) and who completes medical forms (64.4%) within the couple; further, 62% agreed they make family decisions collaboratively versus 25.5% completing medical forms collaboratively. Greater concordance in these appraisals was significantly associated with greater marital support and length of marriage. While concordance in appraisals was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms 2 years later, the link between congruence in making major family decisions and self-rated health differed by age and gender— suggesting that the intersection of age and gender may shape how decisions within couples lead to potential health benefits.
UNDERSTANDING STROKE SURVIVOR–CARER DYNAMICS USING THE ACTOR-PARTNER INTERDEPENDENCE MODEL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Chow Esther , Fung Sai-fu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Family members often take on the caregiver roles to stroke survivors due to kinships and cultural responsibilities. Yet, little is known about the the impact of survivor-caregiver dynamics on stroke rehabilitation. To understand the dyadic relationships between the dyads, a systematic review was conducted to examine studies which have adopted Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, SAGE Journals, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Review to identify eligible studies published from their inception to December 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Nine studies involving 1183 stroke survivors (male = 57%) and 1181 caregivers (male = 37%) had met the inclusion criteria and were identified in this review. The interaction among the following outcomes were self-esteem, optimism, stress, depression, emotional distress, quality of life, and life satisfaction. The review provided evidence that (1) APIM is valuable tool in analyzing dyadic interactions; (2) support from caregivers has a significant impact on the stroke survivor’s recovery; (3) the mental health status of caregivers can influence that of stroke survivors and vice versa; (4) Due to the interconnected nature of dyadic interaction, providing dyadic intervention have positive impact on dyads.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the interdependence nature between survivor-caregiver dyads in the context of stroke rehabilitation. The APIM provides conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of survivor-caregiver dyadic interactions, with significant theoretical and practice implications for both health and social care professions. More research is needed to support dyadic strategies for stroke survivors.
ASIAN AMERICAN FAMILY CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES COMPARED TO CAREGIVERS OF OTHER RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS
Authors: Miyawaki Christina , Bouldin Erin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Asian Americans (AAs) are the fastest-growing immigrant group in the U.S. While otherwise highly heterogeneous, AAs value filial piety and eldercare. This study compared the prevalence, health, and caregiving experiences of AA caregivers (18+ years) to AA non-caregivers and caregivers in other racial/ethnic groups. Data from the 2015-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used (N=252,602). Caregivers were classified as those who provided care/assistance to a parent/parent-in-law/grandparent with a long-term illness/disability. Chi-square tests were used to compare weighted estimates. Among 4,564 AAs, 4.1% (n=321) were caregivers. They were single (55.6%), college-educated (84.2%), working (64.7%), young (&lt; 45 years)(68.2%), male (60.0%), and in excellent/very good/good health (86.3%). Compared to non-caregivers, caregivers were more often unmarried with more chronic health conditions. They assisted a parent/parent-in-law (73.4%) with personal care (52.7%) and household tasks (77.9%). Although overall caregiving experiences were similar across racial/ethnic groups, the prevalence of caregivers was higher among other racial/ethnic groups than AAs (8.3%, Hispanic to 14.8%, American Indian/Alaska Native, p&lt; 0.001), which was a surprise due to their caregiving culture. Because caregiving is expected, they may not identify themselves as caregivers. The data were collected in English and Spanish but 44% of AAs had limited English proficiency. Those limitations may have affected the sample size. Despite the limitations, this study was unique because of the comparison among different racial/ethnic groups of caregivers across the nation. However, to examine a full picture of AA caregivers, we need to administer surveys for each AA ethnic group in various languages.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN PRIMARY CARE PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Paul Constanca , Teixeira Laetitia , Sousa Susana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of dementia are mostly valued within care and burden of formal and informal caregivers and less considered as diagnosis predictors. Diagnosis of dementia in Primary Care Service (PCS) is frequently late and based mostly in general clinic assessment, and patient/family subjective complaints. We study the association of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPI-Q) and existing diagnosis of dementia in PCS. The objectives are to know 1) the prevalence of symptoms identified by familial caregivers in people with a diagnosis of dementia and 2) if there is an association of symptoms with the existence of a diagnosis.Method: we randomly select a community based sample of a pool (N=2734) of primary care users with mental health concerns referred by General Physicians, (N=154), mean age 76 years (sd 7.8), 57% women. Caregivers (N=39) were interviewed and fulfil NPI-Q. Results of descriptive and logistic regression analysis showed that 39% (60) had a formal diagnosis of dementia not differentiating men and women. The neuropsychological symptoms frequency varied between 3.1% (hallucinations) and 16.3% (apathy/indifference), and the symptoms’ mean was 4.5(sd 2.1). The amount of symptoms was not associated with the diagnosis. The symptoms that predict the diagnosis were Apathy/ Indifference OR 5.24(1.25-22.0),p.024 and Motor Disturbance OR 5.70(1.17-27.6), p.031. Qualitative data from caregivers interview show that they are not very comfortable with the terminology of NPI-Q, which may limit the accuracy of assessment.
Conclusion some neuropsychological symptoms identified by caregivers seems to be relevant as predictors of diagnosis of dementia in Primary Care.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS AND CLIENTS WITH DEMENTIA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Fauth Elizabeth Braungart , Gossner Jacob , Dokos Malinda , Schultz Rebecka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) provide direct care for persons with dementia in formal settings and are therefore positioned to engage socially with clients during care. Our prior published observational study in memory care (7000 minutes of observation over 1 year) identified infrequent negative interactions of CNAs with clients, but many opportunities where CNAs did not socially engage a client, including ignoring attempts for engagement. This followup study seeks to understand CNAs experiences and attitudes towards social interaction with clients with dementia. Through semi-structured interviews with 11 CNAs at two care facilities (not included in the prior study), we examined the perceived role that CNAs have towards engaging socially with clients with dementia, barriers to interactions, and behaviors and attitudes that promote quality social interactions. Thematic analyses with multiple trained coders identified that all CNA participants reported feeling personally responsible for engaging with clients socially, having learned this through observation and trial and error, rather than formal training. Barriers to social interaction were lack of time, training, and managing symptoms of dementia. In describing quality social interactions, CNAs highlighted multiple verbal and nonverbal behaviors, including touch, eye contact, body posture, and volume and tone of voice. CNAs emphasized that quality social interactions were facilitated by internal attitudes of valuing personhood, getting on the client’s level, and being a friend. Our findings highlight that CNAs identify the importance of social interactions in their work in memory care, and they identify needing training in effective interaction techniques, specifically with their clients with dementia.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIGRAPHY MEASURED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Thangwaritorn Pilar , Hicks Hilary , Laffer Alex , Losinski Genna , Meyer Kayla , Tran Elizabeth , Cox Keri , Watts Amber 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Executive function (i.e., decision making, self-control, planning) is important for facilitating independent living in older adults. Physical activity may preserve executive function, but previous research has demonstrated sex differences in both physical activity and executive function among older adults. Few studies have investigated sex differences in the association between the two. We examined associations between objectively measured physical activity and executive function with attention to sex differences. We recruited N = 204 participants (Mage =71, SD=6.36; 57% women) with (n=47) and without (n=157) Alzheimer’s disease from the University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. We used wrist-worn accelerometers (Actigraph GT9X) to measure physical activity 24 hours a day for 7 days in a free-living environment. We categorized physical activity as moderate to vigorous (MVPA) based on the Montoye (2020) Adult Vector Magnitude cut-points. We evaluated sex differences in the association between executive function and MVPA using multiple regression with an interaction term, adjusting for age, education, and dementia status. We used a composite score to combine tests of executive function (Digit Symbol Substitution, Stroop Interference, Trail making Part B, and Verbal Fluency). Results indicated, older age and lower education were associated with lower executive function scores (β=-2.12, p &lt; 0.001; B=2.13, p &lt; .05). In contrast to previous research, we did not find evidence for sex differences in the MVPA, executive function, nor the association between the two in our sample. Future research should investigate whether individualized exercise-based interventions and treatment between men and women may differentially benefit cognitive function.