bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Split-Face Study of Photodynamic Therapy With St. John's Wort and Indole-3-Acetic Acid for the Treatment of Acne
Authors: Kim Bo Ri , Kim Minjae , Na Jung-Im , Huh Chang-Hun , Shin Jung-Won 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
St. John's wort (SJW) contains hypericin, a powerful photosensitizer with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of SJW-photodynamic therapy (PDT) with that of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-PDT for the treatment of acne and investigate the skin rejuvenating effects of SJW-PDT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the generation of reactive oxygen species and the antimicrobial effects of SJW-PDT. In the prospective, double-blind, split-face, randomized study, 31 patients with facial acne were treated with SJW or IAA with simultaneous illumination of red light and green light.

RESULTS
SJW produces free radicals with visible light irradiation, and the growth of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus is significantly suppressed. One week after the last treatment, the acne lesion counts were significantly decreased in both groups (56.5% reduction in SJW, p < .001 vs 57.0% in IAA, p < .001). Significant reductions in sebum secretion, erythema index, roughness, and wrinkles were observed in both groups after the treatment. No side effects were observed.

CONCLUSION
SJW-PDT is a simple, safe, and effective treatment option for acne that is also beneficial for skin rejuvenation.
MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy in Patients With Glaucoma and Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Logioco Celina , Delgado Maria Fernanda , Podesta Noelia , Galetto Leila , Rodriguez-Libarona Azul , Valvecchia Florencia , Zanutigh Virginia 
Published: March 2023

A non-comparative retrospective case-series study was performed on 6 patients (12 eyes) with a confirmed diagnosis of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), treated with MicroPulse Transscleral Laser Therapy (MP-TLT), between January 2018 and 2020, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, in a private ophthalmology practice with offices in Argentina and Colombia. Mean age was 75±6.3 years (66–83 yrs). The severity of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid remained stable 2 years after MP-TLT. Baseline mean IOP was 19.5±5.9 mmHg (13–30 mmHg) and, 24 months after treatment, IOP decreased to a mean of 13.9±1.9 mmHg (10–18 mmHg). The mean IOP reduction was 25.1% (P: 0.002). The mean number of anti-glaucomatous drugs at baseline was 3.1±0.7, decreasing to 0.6±0.7, 2 years after MP-TLT (P<0.001). MP-TLT may be considered as a non-incisional approach to glaucoma care for patients with ocular surface diseases, prospective long term studies are needed.
Social Motivation as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in Mexico
Authors: Guzmán-Ramírez Verónica , Armendáriz-García Nora Angélica , Roberts Williams Jessica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Prior research shows a link between alcohol use and problematic Internet use among adolescents. This relationship likely indicates a vulnerability to addiction; however, little is known about factors that may increase this vulnerability. One potential factor is social motivation. Adolescents often engage in Internet use and alcohol use as a way of connecting socially. This study examines the moderating effects of social motivation for Internet use on the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered to 582 adolescents selected randomly from one middle school and one high school in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants answered questions related to demographics/background (including reasons for Internet use), problematic Internet use, and alcohol use. Hierarchical regression modeling examined the moderating effects of social Internet use on problematic Internet use and alcohol use, controlling for age and gender.

Results
Social Internet use and problematic Internet use accounted for a significant amount of variance in alcohol use (R
2 = .126, F(4, 575) = 20.77, p < .001). When the interaction term was entered, social Internet use was found to moderate the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use (β = .525, t = 3.293, p = .001), and the direct effects of social Internet use (β = −.062, t = −0.663, p = .507) and problematic Internet use (β = −.129, t = −1.053, p = .293) were no longer significant.

Conclusion
This study highlights the role that social connections may play in contributing to problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. Interventions aimed at preventing problematic and addictive behaviors among adolescents should address the role of social motivations.
Humanizing Substance Abuse
Authors: Roncallo Hannah R. , Aronson Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Healthcare providers, as well as healthcare students, have been found to harbor negative attitudes toward individuals with substance abuse disorders, impacting the care they give and subsequently creating poor patient outcomes.

Purpose
This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention, grounded in theory, toward changing nursing student attitudes regarding patients with a substance abuse disorder.

Methods
Nursing students participated in a teaching intervention, developed using the experiential learning theory, that utilizes modalities for each kind of learner aimed at reducing bias toward this population. The Medical Condition Regard Scale was used pre/post intervention to determine regard toward patients with the diagnosis of substance abuse.

Results
Student nurses maintained the least favorable attitudes toward individuals who abuse substances in comparison with patients with the diagnoses of pneumonia or gastroesophageal reflux disease; there were significant differences in attitudes toward patients who abused substances before and after participation in the educational intervention, with postparticipation attitudes being significantly more positive than attitudes before participation. Students found the educational intervention and debriefing highly satisfactory.

Implications
This educational intervention can provide a cost-effective, easy-to-replicate, time-efficient learning activity that could be added to undergraduate nursing curriculum.
The Relationship Between Trauma and Substance Use Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Seng Sarret 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Trauma exposure is prevalent in the general population, but healthcare workers may be at greater risks for additional work-related trauma. Trauma is a known risk factor for substance use, particularly tobacco and risky alcohol use. Few studies have examined the relationship between trauma and substance use in healthcare workers. Among healthcare workers, the aims of our study were to examine (a) frequency of current tobacco use and risky alcohol use, (b) frequency and types of traumatic experiences, and (c) the associations between trauma experiences and current tobacco and risky alcohol use controlling for demographic factors. This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from healthcare workers (N = 850) in an academic medical center. Demographic and work-related variables, trauma experience, and substance use were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined associations between trauma exposure and tobacco and risky alcohol use controlling for demographic and work-related variables. Nearly 75% of respondents reported at least one lifetime traumatic experience, and one in 10 reported tobacco and risky alcohol use. When controlling for demographic and work-related variables, a dose-response relationship was observed such that the higher the number of traumatic experiences, there was a greater likelihood of reporting tobacco or risky alcohol use. Because healthcare providers have additional work-related trauma risk above the public, and greater trauma is associated with increased risk for substance use, it is important to screen for trauma and provide appropriate treatment resources to healthcare providers. Future research is needed to better delineate the relationship between specific traumas and risky substance use among healthcare providers.
Clinical Diagnostic Value of Atypical Glandular Cells in Cervical Cytology: A Single Center Experience From China
Authors: Xiao Jingjing , Gong Yingxin , Chen Fang , Chen Limei , Xie Yu , Sui Long 
Published: March 2023

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of atypical glandular cells (AGCs) by analyzing the prevalence and histopathology of AGCs according to cervical cytology.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the demographic characteristics and histopathological outcomes including pathological diagnosis, pathological site, and epithelial distribution of the AGC cases that were diagnosed by cervical cytology.

Results
A total of 387 AGC patients with follow-up records were included. Among them, the prevalence of AGC-not otherwise specified (NOS) and AGC-favor neoplastic (FN) was 73.39% (284/387) and 26.62% (103/387), respectively. The high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV)–positive rate was higher in AGC-FN than in AGC-NOS (p = .002). The difference in pathological severity was statistically significant between hr-HPV–positive and negative AGC patients (p = .010). Hr-HPV–positive AGC mainly occurs in cervical diseases, whereas hr-HPV–negative AGC is mainly related to endometrial lesions. Precancerous or malignant lesions were found in 36.43% (141/387) of AGC cases and were more commonly seen in AGC-FN than AGC-NOS (p < .001). The histopathological severity and the incidence of uterine disease were higher among AGC women aged 40 years and older than those younger than 40 years (p < .05). The possibility of the abnormal origin of glandular epithelial was higher than that of squamous epithelial in AGC patients aged 40 years and older (p = .0003).

Conclusions
The management of AGC women by age triage is reasonable because the incidence of the glandular epithelial lesion and uterine disease increases in AGC patients 40 years or older. Standardized clinical diagnosis and regular follow-up are recommended for all AGC patients.
Speech Perception in Noise and Sound Localization for Cochlear Implant With Single-Sided Deafness Compared With Contralateral Routing of Signal Hearing Aids
Authors: Oyamada Shogo , Takahashi Masahiro , Furutate Sakiko , Oka Shinichirou , Kubota Eri , Sakurai Azusa , Uekusa Tomoko , Watanabe Kana , Iwasaki Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Cochlear implantation (CI) for the treatment of single-sided deafness (SSD) is a relatively new treatment modality. Although comparing the effectiveness of CI and contralateral routing of signal (CROS) hearing aids (HAs) is important, very few reports on this topic exist. In this study, objective assessments and subjective assessments were conducted to determine which SSD individuals would prefer CI or CROS HAs.

Materials and methods
Objective assessments (speech perception and sound localization) and subjective assessments (Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA), Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), MOS Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2)) were performed on 87 SSD patients. Of the 87 SSD patients, 33 patients hoped for CROS HAs, and 17 patients hoped for CI. The CI group underwent subjective and objective assessments at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The CROS HAs group underwent objective assessments at 1 month after wearing CROS HAs.

Results
After the intervention, the localization ability was significantly improved in the CI group (p < 0.05) with no significant improvement in that of the CROS HAs group (p = 0.48). No significant improvement in speech perception in noise was observed in the CROS (Signal-to-Noise ratio + 10, p = 0.08; SN + 0, p = 0.17); however, a significant improvement in the CI group was observed at 12 months postoperatively. The APHAB subscale “background noise” and SF-36v2 health concepts of role-physical, general health, vitality, role-emotional, and mental health were significantly higher in the CI group.

Conclusion
CI was superior to CROS HAs in speech perception in terms of noise and sound localization. Patients with postlingual acute-onset hearing loss and more handicaps and a more positive view of their hearing loss possibly tend to choose CI.
Different Vestibular Rehabilitation Modalities in Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lilios Andreas , Chimona Theognosia , Papadakis Chariton , Chatziioanou Ioannis , Nikitas Christos , Skoulakis Charalambos 
Published: March 2023

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of three vestibular rehabilitation protocols in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction.

Study Design
Prospective randomized trial.

Setting
Audiology-neurootology laboratory in a general public hospital.

Patients
Eighty-one patients were randomly allocated into three groups: adaptation exercises (AEs), habituation exercises (HEs), and combined exercises (AE-HEs).

Intervention(s)
Each patient completed an 8-week vestibular rehabilitation program with exercise, depending on their allocation group.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Evaluations performed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks with (a) Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), (b) Mini-BESTest, (c) Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire, and (d) Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Results
FGA and Mini-BESTest scores showed significant improvement between the baseline and 8-week scores in all groups (p < 0.001), except for the FGA score in the HE group. The AE-HE group showed better scores for all measurements at 4 weeks and had significantly better FGA and Mini-BESTest scores than the AE group and better FGA scores than the HE group. The Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores in the AE-HE group were significantly better (p ≤ 0.001) than those in the HE group at 8 weeks.

Conclusions
The AE-HE group showed faster improvement and significantly better outcomes for static balance, dynamic postural stability, and self-perceived disability than the single-exercise protocols in chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction.
A Pilot Study of Biliary Atresia Newborn Screening Using Dried Blood Spot Matrix Metalloproteinase-7
Authors: Lee Chee-Seng , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Chen Huey-Ling , Wu Jia-Feng , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Lee Ni-Chung , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Yen Ting-An , Chua Huey-Huey , Chen Yu-Ju , Wang Yu-Lin , Chang Mei-Hwei 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:Timely diagnosis is a critical challenge and is associated with improved survival of biliary atresia (BA) patients. We aimed to measure matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) levels in BA patients within 3 days of birth using the dried blood spot (DBS) method and evaluate its potential as a screening tool.Methods:The study enrolled 132 patients, including 25 patients diagnosed with BA and 107 non-BA patients with other congenital or perinatal conditions from the National Taiwan University Children Hospital. The stored DBS samples collected from 48 to 72 hours of life were retrieved from newborn screening centers. MMP-7 on the DBS was quantified using a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:The MMP-7 levels of BA patients on the DBS were significantly higher than those of non-BA patients (19.2 ± 10.4 vs 5.6 ± 2.7 ng/mL,Pvalue < 0.0001). MMP-7 levels in non-BA patients, including 5 patients with hepatobiliary structural anomaly, 9 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, and 93 patients with other perinatal diseases, were 11.6 ± 4.2 ng/mL, 6.9 ± 3.0 ng/mL, and 5.2 ± 2.1 ng/mL, respectively. The DBS MMP-7 level showed good accuracy for identifying BA, with an area under the curve of 93.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 87.7%–99.7%]. The MMP-7 cutoff at 8.0 ng/mL showed a sensitivity of 92.0% (95% CI: 75.0%–98.6%) and specificity of 92.5% (95% CI: 85.9%–96.1%) for detecting BA from other congenital or perinatal diseases.Conclusions:MMP-7 DBS analysis can be used to distinguish BA from other conditions as early as 3 days of age.
Does Irreducibility Always Mean A Complex Dislocation? An Analysis of 33 Pediatric Metacarpophalangeal Joint Dislocations
Authors: Bauder Andrew R. , Graham Emily M. , Shubinets Valeriy , Mendenhall Shaun D. , Carrigan Robert B. , Lin Ines C. , Shah Apurva , Chang Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Historically, prior failed reduction and certain radiographic indicators have been used to differentiate simple and complex metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) dislocations in children, the latter of which warrants open reduction. This investigation aimed to determine the necessity for open reduction with these indicators and establish a new treatment algorithm and educational focus for these rare injuries.

Methods:
A 12-year retrospective study was conducted on all children with MPJ dislocations at a single pediatric hospital. The rate of successful closed reduction, number of reduction attempts, and radiographic findings were detailed. Operative details and post-operative outcomes were also gathered.

Results:
Thirty-three patients were included with a mean age of 11.1 years old. Most were male (n=27,82%) and underwent 2 or more prior reduction attempts at an outside facility. Stable closed reduction was then achieved outside of the operating room in 5 patients and in the OR under general anesthesia in another 14, for a total of 19/33 patients (57.6%). The thumb was most often injured (n=19,57.6%) and more likely to undergo successful closed reduction (p=0.04). There was no relationship between number of prior reduction attempts and ability to achieve closed reduction (p=0.72). Radiographically, neither joint space widening nor proximal phalanx bayonetting correlated with failure of closed reduction (p=0.22 and p=1, respectively).

Conclusions:
This study supports closed reduction of pediatric MPJ dislocations in the OR under general anesthesia before converting to open reduction regardless of injury characteristics or prior reduction attempts. This strategy is likely to limit unnecessary open surgery and related risks.
Optimized Cingulate Island Sign in Discriminating Dementia With Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Lin Huamei , Chen Keliang , Wang Min , He Zhijie , Lu Jiaying , Ju Zizhao , Sun Yimin , Liu Fengtao , Guan Yihui , Zhao Qianhua , Zuo Chuantao , Wu Ping 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to optimize the analysis of cingulate island sign (CIS) to improve its diagnostic accuracy in discriminating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer disease (AD).

Patients and Methods
Patients with DLB (n = 80), AD (n = 75), and normal controls (n = 22) with 18F-FDG PET imaging were enrolled in this study. Sixty-two DLB patients also underwent dopaminergic PET scans. The optimized/conventional CIS ratios and metabolism in associated brain regions were evaluated by diagnostic accuracy among groups and correlation with cognitive/dopaminergic dysfunction.

Results
In discriminating DLB from AD, the optimized CIS ratio calculated by dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/lateral occipital lobe metabolism achieved the highest specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy at 0.907, 0.750, and 0.825, respectively. The metabolism of dorsal-PCC positively correlated with cognitive impairment in DLB patients cross-sectionally and longitudinally (P < 0.001, r = 0.601; P = 0.044, r = 0.645), and also correlated with dopaminergic impairment in the caudate (P = 0.048, r = 0.315).

Conclusions
Optimized CIS ratios of incorporated metabolic activity of dorsal-PCC and occipital subregions are clinically useful for differentiating DLB from AD, in which dorsal-PCC metabolism may provide an objective biomarker to reflect the severity of cognitive impairment in DLB.
A Call to Action to Train Underrepresented Minorities in Surgical Subspecialties and Fellowships
Authors: Escobar Natalie , Keshinro Ajaratu , Hambrecht Amanda , Frangos Spiros , Berman Russell S , DiMaggio Charles , Joseph Kathie-Ann , Bukur Marko , Klein Michael J , Ude-Welcome Akuezunkpa , Berry Cherisse 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
With each succession along the surgical career pathway, from medical school to faculty, the percentage of those who identify as Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) decreases. We sought to evaluate the demographic trend of surgical fellowship applicants, matriculants, and graduates over time.

Methods:
The Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and the Graduate Medical Education Survey for general surgery fellowships in colorectal surgery, surgical oncology, pediatric surgery, thoracic surgery, and vascular surgery were retrospectively analyzed (2005-2020). Data were stratified by race and gender, descriptive statistics were performed, and time series were evaluated. Race/ethnicity groups included White, Asian, Other, and Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM), defined as Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino(a), Alaskan or Hawaiian Native, and Native American.

Results:
From 2005 to 2020, there were 5,357 ERAS applicants, 4,559 matriculants, and 4,178 graduates to surgery fellowships. Whites, followed by Asians, represented the highest percentage of applicants (62.7% and 22.3%, respectively), matriculants (65.4% and 23.8% respectively), and graduates (65.4% and 24.0%, respectively). For URiMs, the applicants (13.4%), matriculants (9.1%), and graduates (9.1%) remained significantly low (p < 0.001). When stratified by both race and gender, only 4.6% of the applicants, 2.7% of matriculants, and 2.4% of graduates identified as both URiM and female compared to white female applicants (20.0%), matriculants (17.9%), and graduates (16.5%, p <0.001).

Conclusion:
Significant disparities exist for URiMs in general surgery subspecialty fellowships. These results serve as a call to action to re-examine and improve the existing processes to increase the number of URiMs in the surgery subspecialty fellowship training pathway.
Co-segregation of recombinant chromatids maintains genome-wide heterozygosity in an asexual nematode
Authors: Blanc Caroline , Saclier Nathanaelle , Le Faou Ehouarn , Marie-Orleach Lucas , Wenger Eva , Diblasi Celian , Glemin Sylvain , Galtier Nicolas , Delattre Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn asexual animals, female meiosis is modified to produce diploid oocytes. Associated with recombination, this is expected to lead to a rapid loss of heterozygosity, with adverse effects on fitness. Many asexuals, however, have a heterozygous genome, the underlying mechanisms being most often unknown. Cytological and population genomic analyses in the nematodeMesorhabditis belarirevealed another case of recombining asexual being highly heterozygous genome-wide. We demonstrated that heterozygosity is maintained because the recombinant chromatids of each chromosome pair co-segregate during the unique meiotic division. A theoretical model confirmed that this segregation bias is necessary to account for the observed pattern and likely to evolve under a wide range of conditions. Our study uncovers a new type of cell division involving Directed Chromatid Assortment.One sentence summaryGenome wide heterozygosity in the asexual nematodeMesorhabditis belariis achieved by directed assortment of recombinant chromatids during female meiosis