bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enemy dispersal drives the diversity loss of bacterial victim populations at diversity cold spots
Authors: Chu Xiao-Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dispersal between heterogenous habitats is a major determinant of population diversification, and may often introduce new morphotypes in habitats where population diversity is low. Natural enemies are also key factors affecting the diversification of victim populations. Co-dispersal of enemies may induce local diversity loss at diversity cold spots as enemies from diversity hots pots are often more efficient in predation. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis using a model microbial system: Pseudomonas fluorescens and its lytic phage. The ancestral bacterium diversified at three resource levels across eight temperature gradients in the presence and absence of phages. Bacteria diversified into more morphotypes at higher temperatures and higher resource levels when phages are absent, and dispersal increased population local diversity at low-diversity habitats. The presence of phages removed the differences in morphological diversity among different temperatures or resource levels. In addition, the co-dispersal of enemies caused higher morphotype loss at lower-quality habitats where the local bacteria are of lower resistance. The simultaneous dispersal of enemies and victims may have crucial consequences for population persistence in edge habitats.
Multi-omics analysis of the correlation between surface microbiome and metabolome in Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Adouane Emilie , Hubas Cédric , Leblanc Catherine , Lami Raphaël , Prado Soizic 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The microbiome of Saccharina latissima, an important brown macroalgal species in Europe, significantly influences its health, fitness, and pathogens resistance. Yet, comprehensive studies on the diversity and function of microbial communities (bacteria, eukaryotes, and fungi) associated with this species are lacking. Using metabarcoding, we investigated the epimicrobiota of S. latissima and correlated microbial diversity with metabolomic patterns (LC-MS/MS). Specific epibacterial and eukaryotic communities inhabit the S. latissima surface, alongside a core microbiota, while fungal communities show lower and more heterogeneous diversity. Metabolomic analysis revealed a large diversity of mass features, including putatively annotated fatty acids, amino derivatives, amino acids, and naphthofurans. Multiple-factor analysis linked microbial diversity with surface metabolome variations, driven mainly by fungi and bacteria. Two taxa groups were identified: one associated with bacterial consortia and the other with fungal consortia, each correlated with specific metabolites. This study demonstrated a core bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota associated with a core metabolome and highlighted interindividual variations. Annotating the surface metabolome using Natural Products databases suggested numerous metabolites potentially involved in inter-species chemical interactions. Our findings establish a link between microbial community structure and function, identifying two microbial consortia potentially involved in the chemical defense of S. latissima.
Associations between pre-widowhood psychological resilience and subsequent depressive symptom recovery following spousal loss among men and women
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Carr Dawn C , Taylor Miles 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Most older widowed men and women experience elevated depressive symptoms after spousal loss, and many recover to pre-widowhood levels over time. However, not all widows return to pre-loss mental health, and recovery may differ by gender. Pre-widowhood psychological resilience (PR) has been shown to influence these effects. This study evaluates changes in depressive symptoms for older men and women to determine how PR shapes acute and long-term depressive symptom responses to spousal loss.

Research Design and Methods
Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we evaluate changes in depressive symptoms from baseline PR pre-widowhood to (1) the first study wave in which individuals report widowhood (acute effects) and (2) the second wave after reporting widowhood (recovery period), for men and for women. We use inverse probability weighted regression models, comparing new widows with their continuously married counterparts.

Results
Both widowed men and women experienced increased depressive symptoms in the acute period following spousal loss regardless of PR level. However, moderate to high levels of PR for men and high PR for women predicted recovery to pre-widowhood depressive symptoms two years later. High PR was also associated with fewer depressive symptoms over time among continuously married men and women.

Discussion and Implications
Results suggest interventions that bolster PR preceding spousal loss could enhance likelihood of recovery following widowhood for both men and women and may also provide protective effects regarding overall depressive symptoms among married individuals over time.
Seismic wavefield injection based on interface discontinuity: Theory and numerical implementation based upon the spectral-element method
Authors: Liu Tianshi , Du Nanqiao , Lei Ting , Wang Kai , He Bin , Tong Ping , Grasselli Giovanni , Liu Qinya 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In seismology, wavefield injection refers to the propagation of seismic waves generated by remote sources into local domains bounded by enclosed surfaces. The simulations of wavefield injection, primarily focused on the interaction between incoming seismic waves and local structures, are key to earthquake hazard modeling and full-waveform seismic tomography using tele-seismic waves. In this paper, we show that simulating wavefield injection is equivalent to solving the wave equation subject to interface discontinuity conditions. To provide a general framework to study wavefield injection, we formally define the interface discontinuity problem, and discuss its representation theorem and uniqueness. We also develop an efficient interface-discontinuity-based numerical algorithm to solve the wavefield injection problem through implementations of spectral-element methods, and show with numerical examples that wavefield injection can be accurately simulated at different scales with this algorithm. Under this framework, we draw connections with previously proposed wavefield injection algorithms/hybrid methods, and clarify several theoretical questions on wavefield injection from previous research. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our approach through wavefield injection examples at local and continental scales. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability of the interface discontinuity approach to performing kinematic fault simulations through an numerical example.
A decade of the fast-varying ionospheric and magnetospheric magnetic fields from ground and multi-satellite observations
Authors: Min Jingtao , Grayver Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The time-varying geomagnetic field is a superposition of contributions from multiple internal and external current systems. A major source of geomagnetic variations at periods less than a few years are current systems external to the solid Earth, namely the ionospheric and magnetospheric currents, as well as associated induced currents. The separation of these three sources is mathematically underdetermined using either ground or satellite measurements alone, but becomes tractable when the two datasets are combined. Based on this concept, we developed a new geomagnetic field modelling approach that allows us to simultaneously characterise the mid-latitude ionospheric, magnetospheric and the internal induced magnetic fields using ground and satellite observations for all local times and magnetic conditions, and without prescribing any harmonic behaviour on these current systems in time, as is typical in other models. By applying this new method to a 10-year dataset of ground observatory and multi-satellite measurements from 2014 to 2023, we obtained the time series of the spherical harmonic coefficients of the ionospheric, magnetospheric and induced fields. These new time series allow the study of complex non-periodic dynamics of the external magnetic fields during global geomagnetic storms, as well as periodicities in the magnetospheric coefficients linked to solar activities and periodic ionospheric magnetic fields linked to lunar daily variations, contributing to a more complete picture of the dynamics of the external currents and magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions, and facilitating more accurate space weather nowcast and forecast. Finally, the new approach allows for a better characterisation of internal induced field sources, leading to higher quality electromagnetic transfer functions.
The stability of frictional sliding on dip-slip and finite length faults
Authors: Skarbek Rob M 
Published: February 2025

Summary
This paper examines the linear stability of sliding on faults embedded in a 2D elastic medium that obey rate and state friction and have a finite length and/or are near a traction-free surface. Results are obtained using a numerical technique that allows for analysis of systems with geometrical complexity and heterogeneous material properties; however only systems with homogeneous frictional and material properties are examined. Some analytical results are also obtained for the special case of a fault that is parallel to a traction-free surface. For velocity-weakening faults with finite length, there is a critical fault length L* for unstable sliding that is analogous to the critical wavelength h* that is usually derived from infinite fault systems. Faults longer than L* are linearly unstable to perturbations of any length. On vertical strike-slip faults or faults in a full-space L* ≈ h*/e, where e is Euler’s number. For dip-slip faults near a traction-free surface L* ≤ h*/e and is a function of dip angle β, burial depth d of the fault’s up-dip edge, and friction coefficient. In particular, L* is at least an order of magnitude smaller than h* on shallowly dipping (β &lt; 10○) faults that intersect the traction-free surface. Additionally, L* ≈ h*/e on dip-slip faults with burial depths d ≥ h*. For sliding systems that can be treated as a thin layer, such as landslides, glaciers, or ice streams, L* = h*/2. Finally, conditions are established for unstable sliding on infinitely-long, velocity-strengthening faults that are parallel to a traction-free surface.
Improving passive reflection seismic imaging in complex geological settings through site effect reduction: application to Krafla volcano, Iceland
Authors: Maass Regina , Li Ka Lok , Bean Christopher J 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Reflection imaging at volcanoes presents significant challenges due to the highly heterogeneous subsurface, which generates complex wavefields characterized by substantial wave scattering. These scattered waves obscure coherent energy, such as reflections from geological structures in the subsurface. In this study, we develop processing strategies to address the limitations of high-frequency (5-20 Hz) passive reflection imaging at Krafla, a volcanic caldera in NE Iceland. Krafla is among the few locations worldwide where magma has been encountered at 2.1 km depth when drilling the IDDP1 borehole. We analyze over 300 local microearthquakes and industrial noise recorded during five weeks in the summer of 2022. We show that wavefields lack coherency even between stations spaced at 30-meter intervals due to the dominance of site effects beneath the stations. However, data coherency improves in the common-station domain, where different earthquakes recorded by a fixed station are analyzed, thereby stabilizing the site effect. Spectral analyses in this domain reveal that site effects are partly due to resonances at the stations, likely caused by lava flows and cavities in the heterogeneous near-surface. By constructing a resonance removal filter, we successfully deconvolve resonance effects from the data, revealing previously masked coherent energy. We further reduce site effects by applying linear stacking of clustered earthquake traces and non-linear amplitude weighting. Our approach significantly enhances coherency between stations and enables the identification of reflections in microearthquakes likely originating from the known magma-rock interface beneath the IDDP1 borehole.
MS-based Solutions for Single Cell Proteomics
Authors: Li Siqi , Li Shuwei , Liu Siqi , Ren Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based single cell proteomics (MS-SCP) is attracting tremendous attention because it is now technically feasible to quantify thousands of proteins in minute samples. Since protein amplification is still not possible, technological improvements in MS-SCP focus on minimizing sample loss and increasing throughput, resolution, and sensitivity, as well as achieving the measurement depth, accuracy, and stability as bulk samples. Major advances in MS-SCP have facilitated its use in biological and even medical applications. Here, we review the key advancements in MS-SCP technology and discuss the strategies of the classic proteomics workflow to improve MS-SCP analysis from single cell isolation, sample preparation and liquid chromatography separation to MS data acquisition and analysis. The review will provide an overall understanding of the development and application of MS-SCP and inspire more novel ideas regarding the innovation of MS-SCP technology.
Synergistic effects of memantine and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 to improve memory of aged rats
Authors: Bruszt Nóra , Bali Zsolt Kristóf , Nagy Lili Veronika , Bodó Kornélia , Engelmann Péter , Hernádi István 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Combination treatments based on pharmacological interactions at α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are promising therapeutic approaches for neurocognitive disorders.

Methods
Here, we tested the cognitive efficacy of combinations of memantine with an α7 nAChR-selective agonist (PHA-543613) in naturally aged rats. Age-related changes in the expression of some key genes and proteins were also measured using quantitative PCR and ELISA.

Results
Aged rats showed marked cognitive decline in the novel object recognition test, and they also exhibited cholinergic changes such as mRNA upregulation of α7 nAChRs. Upregulation of interleukin-1β, MIP-1α, CX3CL1, ICAM-1 and CNTF mRNA were also detected in aged rats. Combination treatment of memantine and PHA-543613 successfully alleviated the age-related decline of recognition memory of rats by exceeding the effects of the corresponding monotreatments.

Conclusions
Results indicate a positive interaction between memantine and PHA-543613, which also reflects a putative role of α7 nAChRs in the cognitive enhancer effects of memantine. These findings may facilitate the development of combination therapies for age-related neurocognitive disorders.
Why the International Criminal Court Should Apply Restorative Justice and Transitional Justice Principles to Improve the Impact of Its Criminal Trials on Societies around the World
Authors: Sarkin Jeremy Julian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Both restorative and transitional justice have increasingly been applied in transitional settings to overcome the insufficient role that criminal trials have played. Using restorative justice was supposedly incorporated into the International Criminal Court (ICC) processes to overcome the so-called justice versus peace dilemma, that is, the choice between punishment or contributing to peacebuilding and preventing their reoccurrence. However, this so-called absorption has been based on a mistaken appreciation of restorative justice. It has been reduced to a mere alternative to retributive justice and overlaps with the broader concept of transitional justice. It has, therefore, failed to reap restorative justice’s true potential. This article, using theoretical and empirical methodologies, argues for the reconceptualization of international criminal justice within the ICC’s framework to effectively integrate retributive and restorative proceedings and punishments. It contends that changes to ICC practice are needed concerning victim participation, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition. It maintains that the ICC should cooperate more with local justice and transitional justice processes to positively enhance the role of the Court and for victims to attain more truth and foster reconciliation. In that way, the ICC could be more effective in dealing with atrocious human rights violations, ensuring justice delivery, while promoting enduring peace and fostering reconciliation.
Actinomycetota Isolated from the sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis as a Source of Novel Compounds with Pharmacological Applications: Diversity, Bioactivity Screening, and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Fonseca Ana C , Ribeiro Inês , Girão Mariana , Regueiras Ana , Urbatzka Ralph , Leão Pedro , Carvalho Maria F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
To combat health conditions, such as multi-resistant bacterial infections, cancer and metabolic diseases, new drugs need to be urgently found and, in this respect, marine Actinomycetota have a high potential to produce secondary metabolites with pharmacological importance. We aimed to study the cultivable Actinomycetota community associated with a marine sponge from the Portuguese coast, Hymeniacidon perlevis, and investigate the potential of the retrieved isolates to produce compounds with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-obesity properties.

Methods and Results
The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 79 Actinomycetota isolates affiliated with twelve genera - Brachybacterium, Dietzia, Glutamicibacter Gordonia, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Paenoartrhobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and Tsukamurella, most of which affiliated with the genus Streptomyces. The screening of antimicrobial activity revealed 13 strains, all belonging to the Streptomyces genus, capable of inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis or Staphylococcus aureus. Forty-three extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity against at least one tested cell line (HepG2, HCT-116 and hCMEC-D3). Three extracts that were active against the two cancer cell lines tested, did not reduce the viability of the non-cancer endothelial cell line, hCMEC-D3. One Gordonia strain exhibited anti-obesity activity, revealed by its ability to reduce the neutral lipids in zebrafish larvae. Mass spectrometry-based dereplication analysis of active extracts identified several compounds associated with known Actinomycetota natural products. Nonetheless, five clusters contained metabolites that did not match any annotated natural products, suggesting they may represent new bioactive molecules.

Conclusions
This work contributed to increase the knowledge on the diversity and bioactive potential of Actinomycetota associated with H. perlevis.
Breed-specific heterosis for growth and carcass traits in 18 U.S. cattle breeds
Authors: Engle Bailey N , Thallman R Mark , Snelling Warren M , Wheeler Tommy L , Shackelford Steven D , King D Andy , Kuehn Larry A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is traditionally defined as the advantage of crossbred progeny relative to the average performance of their purebred parents. This advantage is due to increased heterozygosity in these crosses, which increases phenotypic expression in traits influenced by non-additive gene action. These heterosis effects may vary depending on the breed of animals in the original cross; however, breed-specific estimates are difficult to obtain because of a lack of contemporary comparisons among crossbred and purebred cattle. The Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center was designed to evaluate 18 of the most highly utilized beef breeds in the United States and enable contemporary comparisons among purebreds and their crosses. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to quantify the differences in breed-specific heterosis for growth and carcass traits in these 18 U.S. beef breeds. Specific traits analyzed were direct and maternal birth weight, direct and maternal 205d adjusted weaning weight, 365d postweaning gain, marbling score, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and carcass weight. Specific heterosis effects were estimated using two different models: 1) a biological-group heterosis model where heterosis was estimated for crosses between British, Continental, and Brahman as breed groups, and 2) an average breed heterosis model where heterosis was estimated as the regression on average predicted breed heterozygosity arising from mating each of the 18 breeds to a randomly chosen animal in the population. Each model also included a random breed-specific cross effect for each pair of breeds. Biological-group heterosis, or the expected deviations from a purebred mean between all crosses of British-, Brahman-, and Continental-groups, was found for all traits (P &lt; 0.0001), except marbling. The greatest increases in calf performance were estimated for crosses containing Brahman, especially for growth traits and maternal ability. Average breed-specific heterosis was also significant (P &lt; 0.05) under the second model again for all traits except marbling and maternal birth weight. Again, the greatest increase in calf performance across a majority of traits was found to be the result of crosses with Brahman. These estimates may be used by breeders to make more informed crossbreeding decisions, and to tailor their choice of breeds to their specific production environment and breeding objectives.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and its Use in Burn Wounds: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Kuromaru Yuki , Won Paul , Madrigal Paloma , Choe Deborah , Gillenwater T Justin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a form of wound coverage that involves negative pressure and a semi-occlusive membrane to manage wound closure. In burn care, NPWT are currently utilized as temporary dressings for large wounds, skin-grafted burn wounds, and as a dressing on dermal substitutes. Little is known regarding optimal roles and indications of NPWT in burn care. This systematic review better characterizes the role of NPWT in burn care and provides updated recommendations. A systematic review of PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed utilizing PRISMA guidelines. All peer-reviewed publications published any time through September 17, 2021 were included. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies containing a control group without NPWT, an intervention group with NPWT, and studies involving the use of NPTW in burn care. A total of 15 studies were analyzed, with a Risk of Bias (ROB) analysis performed to rate the quality of included studies. We find NPWT is superior to conventional dressings as a modality for skin grafting coverage, dressing on dermal substitutes, dressing on donor site wounds, and dressing on moderate to large burns. Outcomes such as length of hospitalization, length of wound healing, and rates of infections were improved in those treated with NPWT compared to conventional dressings. In conclusion, several clear benefits to utilizing NPWT have been defined for several modalities in burn care. However, further research with more robust controlled clinical trials is necessary to better quantify the role of NPWT in burn care and to better define parameters to optimize wound healing.