bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptional Microscale Plasticity in Amorphous Aluminum Oxide at Room Temperature
Authors: Frankberg Erkka J. , Lambai Aloshious , Zhang Jiahui , Kalikka Janne , Khakalo Sergei , Paladino Boris , Cabrioli Mattia , Mathews Nidhin G. , Salminen Turkka , Hokka Mikko , Akola Jaakko , Kuronen Antti , Levänen Erkki , Di Fonzo Fabio , Mohanty Gaurav 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOxide glasses are an elementary group of materials in modern society, but brittleness limits their wider usability at room temperature. As an exception to the rule, amorphous aluminum oxide (a‐Al2O3) is a rare diatomic glassy material exhibiting significant nanoscale plasticity at room temperature. Here, it is shown experimentally that the room temperature plasticity of a‐Al2O3 extends to the microscale and high strain rates using in situ micropillar compression. All tested a‐Al2O3 micropillars deform without fracture at up to 50% strain via a combined mechanism of viscous creep and shear band slip propagation. Large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations align with the main experimental observations and verify the plasticity mechanism at the atomic scale. The experimental strain rates reach magnitudes typical for impact loading scenarios, such as hammer forging, with strain rates up to the order of 1 000 s−1, and the total a‐Al2O3 sample volume exhibiting significant low‐temperature plasticity without fracture is expanded by 5 orders of magnitude from previous observations. The discovery is consistent with the theoretical prediction that the plasticity observed in a‐Al2O3 can extend to macroscopic bulk scale and suggests that amorphous oxides show significant potential to be used as light, high‐strength, and damage‐tolerant engineering materials.
Tuning Ligands Ratio Allows for Controlling Gold Nanocluster Conformation and Activating a Nonantimicrobial Thiol Fragrance for Effective Treatment of MRSA‐Induced Keratitis
Authors: Pang Zeyang , Ren Ning , Wu Yujie , Qi Jie , Hu Fupin , Guo Yuan , Xie Yangzhouyun , Zhou Dejian , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBacterial keratitis is a serious ocular disease that affects millions of people worldwide each year, among which ≈25% are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. With the spread of bacterial resistance, refractory keratitis caused by methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) affects ≈120 000–190 000 people annually and is a significant cause of infectious blindness. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (GNCs) recently emerged as promising antibacterial agents; although how the GNC structure and capping ligands control the antibacterial properties remains largely unexplored. In this study, by adjusting the ratio of a “bulky” thiol fragrance to a linear zwitterionic ligand, the GNC conformation is transformed from Au25(SR)18 to Au23(SR)16 species, simultaneously converting both inactive thiol ligands into potent antibacterial nanomaterials. Surprisingly, mixed‐ligand capped Au23(SR)16 GNCs exhibit superior antibacterial potency compared to their monoligand counterparts. The optimal GNC is highly potent against MRSA, showing >1024‐fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration than the corresponding free ligands. Moreover, it displays excellent potency in treating MRSA‐induced keratitis in mice with greatly accelerated corneal recovery (by approximately ninefold). Thus, this study establishes a feasible method to synthesize antibacterial GNCs by adjusting the ligand ratio to control GNC conformation and active non‐antibacterial ligands, thereby greatly increasing the repertoires for combating multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections.
Synthesis of 2H/fcc‐Heterophase AuCu Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Industrial Current Densities
Authors: Zhou Xichen , Zhang An , Chen Bo , Zhu Shangqian , Cui Yu , Bai Licheng , Yu Jinli , Ge Yiyao , Yun Qinbai , Li Lujiang , Huang Biao , Liao Lingwen , Fu Jiaju , Wa Qingbo , Wang Gang , Huang Zhiqi , Zheng Long , Ren Yi , Li Siyuan , Liu Guangyao , Zhai Li , Li Zijian , Liu Jiawei , Chen Ye , Ma Lu , Ling Chongyi , Wang Jinlan , Fan Zhanxi , Du Yonghua , Shao Minhua , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStructural engineering of nanomaterials offers a promising way for developing high‐performance catalysts toward catalysis. However, the delicate modulation of thermodynamically unfavorable nanostructures with unconventional phases still remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of hierarchical AuCu nanostructures is reported with hexagonal close‐packed (2H‐type)/face‐centered cubic (fcc) heterophase, high‐index facets, planar defects (e.g., stacking faults, twin boundaries, and grain boundaries), and tunable Cu content. The obtained 2H/fcc Au99Cu1 hierarchical nanosheets exhibit excellent performance for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce CO, outperforming the 2H/fcc Au91Cu9 and fcc Au99Cu1. The experimental results, especially those obtained by in‐situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, suggest that the enhanced catalytic performance of 2H/fcc Au99Cu1 arises from the unconventional 2H/fcc heterophase, high‐index facets, planar defects, and appropriate alloying of Cu. Impressively, the 2H/fcc Au99Cu1 shows CO Faradaic efficiencies of 96.6% and 92.6% at industrial current densities of 300 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively, as well as good durability, placing it among the best CO2 reduction electrocatalysts for CO production. The atomically structural regulation based on phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) provides an avenue for the rational design and preparation of high‐performance electrocatalysts for various catalytic applications.
Managing Interfacial Charged Defects with Multiple Active Sited Macrocyclic Valinomycin for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Zhangwei , Li Minghua , Jia Haoran , Yu Runnan , Zhang Yuling , Wang Ruyue , Dong Yiman , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Donghui , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unavoidably positively and negatively charged defects at the interface between perovskite and electron transport layer (ETL) often lead to severe surface recombination and unfavorable energy level alignment in inverted perovskite solar cells (PerSCs). Inserting interlayers at this interface is an effective approach to eliminate charged defects. Herein, the macrocyclic molecule valinomycin (VM) with multiple active sites of ─C═O, ─NH, and ─O─ is employed as an interlayer at the perovskite/ETL contact to simultaneously eliminate positively and negatively charged defects. Combined with a series of theoretical calculations and experimental analyzes, it is demonstrated that the ─C═O and ─O─ groups in VM can immobilize the uncoordinated Pb2+ to manage the positively charged defect and the formation of N─H···I hydrogen bonding can recompense the formamidine vacancies to eliminate the negatively charged defect. In addition, the VM interlayer induces a favorable downshift band bending at the perovskite/ETL interface, facilitating charge separation and boosting charge transfer. Thanks to the reduced charged defects and favorable energy level alignment, the fabricated inverted PerSC delivers an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 24.06% with excellent long‐term ambient and thermal stability. This work demonstrates that managing charged defects via multiple functional groups and simultaneously regulating energy level alignment is a reliable strategy to boost the performance of PerSCs.
Antibubbles Enable Tunable Payload Release with Low‐Intensity Ultrasound
Authors: Moreno‐Gomez Nicolas , Athanassiadis Athanasios G. , Poortinga Albert T. , Fischer Peer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe benefits of ultrasound are its ease‐of‐use and its ability to precisely deliver energy in opaque and complex media. However, most materials responsive to ultrasound show a weak response, requiring the use of high powers, which are associated with undesirable streaming, cavitation, or temperature rise. These effects hinder response control and may even cause damage to the medium where the ultrasound is applied. Moreover, materials that are currently in use rely on all‐or‐nothing effects, limiting the ability to fine‐tune the response of the material on the fly. For these reasons, there is a need for materials that can respond to low intensity ultrasound with programmable responses. Here it is demonstrated that antibubbles are a low‐intensity‐ultrasound‐responsive material system that can controllably release a payload using acoustic pressures in the kilopascal range. Varying their size and composition tunes the release pressure, and the response can be switched between a single release and stepwise release across multiple ultrasound pulses. Observations using confocal and high‐speed microscopy reveal different ways that can lead to release. These findings lay the groundwork to design antibubbles that controllably respond to low‐intensity ultrasound, opening a wide range of applications ranging from ultrasound‐responsive material systems to carriers for targeted delivery.
Chirality Versus Symmetry: Electron's Spin Selectivity in Nonpolar Chiral Lead–Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Abhervé Alexandre , Mercier Nicolas , Kumar Anil , Das Tapan Kumar , Even Jacky , Katan Claudine , Kepenekian Mikaël 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS), the spin‐selective electron transport through chiral molecules, has been described in a large range of materials, from insulators to superconductors. Because more experimental studies are desired for the theoretical understanding of the CISS effect, chiral metal‐halide semiconductors may contribute to the field thanks to their chiroptical and spintronic properties. In this regard, this work uses new chiral organic cations S‐HP1A and R‐HP1A (HP1A = 2‐hydroxy‐propyl‐1‐ammonium) to prepare 2D chiral halide perovskites (HPs) which crystallize in the enantiomorphic space groups P43212 and P41212, respectively. The fourfold symmetry induces antiferroelectricity along the stacking axis which, combined to incomplete Rashba‐like splitting in each individual 2D polar layer, results in rare spin textures in the band structure. As revealed by magnetic conductive‐probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, these materials show CISS effect with partial spin polarization (SP; ±40–45%). This incomplete effect is efficient enough to drive a chiro‐spintronic device as demonstrated by the fabrication of spin valve devices with magnetoresistance (MR) responses up to 250 K. Therefore, these stable lead–bromide HP materials not only represent interesting candidates for spintronic applications but also reveal the importance of polar symmetry‐breaking topology for spin selectivity.
Microvasculature‐on‐a‐Post Chip That Recapitulates Prothrombotic Vascular Geometries and 3D Flow Disturbance
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Aye San‐Seint‐Seint , Cheng Vivian , Nasser Arian , Hong Tianbo , Vatankhah Parham , Jiang Fengtao , Zhao Yunduo Charles , Moldovan Laura , Sun Allan , Dupuy Alexander , Wang Yao , Li Zhiyong , Ang Timothy , Passam Freda , Yong Ken‐Tye , Ju Lining Arnold 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStenosis, characterized by partial vessel narrowing, alters blood hemodynamics and can lead to unpredictable thrombosis. Existing models struggle to accurately represent the complex vascular geometries and hemodynamics involved in such conditions. To address this challenge, a microvasculature‐on‐a‐post chip is developed to mimic partially stenotic vascular geometries and thrombogenicity, featuring isolated 3D micropost structures with variable sizes that recreate disturbed flow profiles. To emulate the diseased vessel wall, the post microfluidics are vascularized with a confluent layer of endothelial cells. Subsequently, human blood is perfused through the endothelialized post microfluidics, observing the temporal and spatial thrombotic response governed by Virchow's triad, including vessel wall injury, hemodynamic disturbance, and hypercoagulability. The innovative model offers valuable insights into stenosis‐induced thrombosis and endothelial behavior, paving the way for improved assessment of thrombotic risks associated with stenotic vessels. This advanced microfluidic platform also offers new approaches for evaluation of prothrombotic phenotypes and cardiovascular risk assessment in the future.
Carbon‐Based Electrochemical‐Free Chlorine Sensors
Authors: Siddiqui Junaid , Taheri Mahtab , Nami Mohammad , Deen Imran A. , Packirisamy Muthukumaran , Deen M. Jamal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSodium hypochlorite is a widely used additive in water used to disinfect and remove any disease‐causing bacteria that can be found in sources of water, and is used to wash contaminants from meats, fruits, and vegetables. Many free chlorine sensors exist which monitor free chlorine levels such as the use of colorimetric or electrochemical methods, ensuring that the free chlorine is within safe and regulated levels. However colorimetric sensing methods are irreversible and often use toxic compounds, and electrochemical sensors, although reversible, are made with materials which are not suitable to be used near drinking water or food products. By developing sensors which are made using alternative materials and methods, the sensors can be used in and around drinking water and food products. This review article discusses various electrochemical‐free chlorine sensors made with various carbon‐based materials and methods resulting in sensors that are biodegradable, relatively inert, and resilient in the presence of harsh chemicals, making them safe to use near and around food and still maintain competitive performance parameters. This review article showcases some of the recent progress, the importance, preconditions, and the various future needs and potentials of carbon‐based electrochemical‐free chlorine sensors.
Phonon Polaritons: A New Paradigm for Light‐Controllable Heat Sources
Authors: Yang Bei , Pan Deng , Dai Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotothermal applications, such as therapy, imaging, and catalysis, necessitate heat sources capable of generating high temperatures under mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) illumination. However, commonly used metal nanostructures suffer from low efficiency due to their high carrier concentrations, resulting in shallow surface heating and optical range restrictions. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a novel approach employing materials that support phonon polaritons (PhPs) as a promising paradigm for light‐controllable heat sources. The theoretical demonstration reveals that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanorods can produce up to 46 times more heat compared to plasmonic gold counterparts under resonant monochromatic light. This superior heating capability stems from the unique properties of PhPs, which enable stronger field confinement and deeper penetration within the nanostructure, leading to higher efficiency by circumventing the electrostatic shielding effect associated with plasmonic heating. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that the heating performance of hBN antennas can be optimized by manipulating their size, geometry, and material loss. Notably, the use of isotopically pure hBN can triple the heat power. These findings highlight the tremendous potential of hBN antennas as light‐controllable heat sources, opening up new possibilities for IR photothermal applications by harnessing materials that support PhPs.
Organoid‐Based Human Stomach Micro‐Physiological System to Recapitulate the Dynamic Mucosal Defense Mechanism
Authors: Jeong Hye‐Jin , Park Ji‐Hyeon , Kang Joo H. , Sabaté del Río Jonathan , Kong Seong‐Ho , Park Tae‐Eun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral stomach diseases are attributed to the dysregulation of physiological function of gastric mucosal barrier by pathogens. Gastric organoids are a promising tool to develop treatment strategies for gastric infections. However, their functional features of in vivo gastric mucosal barrier and host–microbe interactions are limited due to the lack of physiological stimuli. Herein, a human stomach micro‐physiological system (hsMPS) with physiologically relevant gastric mucosal defense system is described based on the combination of organoid and MPS technology. A fluid flow enhanced epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction in the hsMPS enables functional maturation of gastric epithelial cells, which allows for the recreation of mesh‐like mucus layer containing high level of mucus protective peptides and well‐developed epithelial junctional complexes. Furthermore, gastroprotection mechanisms against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are successfully demonstrated in this system. Therefore, hsMPS represents a new in vitro tool for research where gastric mucosal defense mechanism is pivotal for developing therapeutic strategies.
Design of Antioxidant Nanoparticle, which Selectively Locates and Scavenges Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gastrointestinal Tract, Increasing The Running Time of Mice
Authors: Toriumi Takuto , Ohmori Hajime , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExcess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during strong or unfamiliar exercise cause exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS), leading to poor health and decreased exercise performance. The application of conventional antioxidants can neither ameliorate EIGS nor improve exercise performance because of their rapid elimination and severe side effects on the mitochondria. Hence, a self‐assembling nanoparticle‐type antioxidant (RNPO) that is selectively located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for an extended time after oral administration is developed. Interestingly, orally administered RNPO significantly enhances the running time until exhaustion in mice with increasing dosage, whereas conventional antioxidants (TEMPOL) tends to reduce the running time with increasing dosage. The running (control) and TEMPOL groups show severe damage in the GI tract and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels after 80 min of running, resulting in fewer red blood cells (RBCs) and severe damage to the skeletal muscles and liver. However, the RNPO group is protected against GI tract damage and elevation of plasma LPS levels, similar to the nonrunning (sedentary) group, which prevents damage to the whole body, unlike in the control and TEMPOL groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that continuous scavenging of excessive intestinal ROS protects against gut damage and further improves exercise performance.
Identification and expression analysis of WRKY superfamily genes under lychee downy blight stress in lychee
Authors: Liu Hailun , Jiang Yonghua , Wen Yingjie , Tan Zhaolong , Shi Fachao , Chen Jiezhen , Cai Changhe , Yan Qian , Ou Liangxi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWRKY proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to stress, but little information is available about these genes in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Despite being a popular fruit worldwide, lychee is highly vulnerable to lychee downy blight (LDB; caused by Peronophythora litchii), a major disease affecting lychee. Based on lychee whole‐genome data, a total of 50 LcWRKY genes were identified across 15 chromosomes. According to a conserved domain and phylogenetic analysis, these 50 LcWRKYs were classified into three distinct subfamilies. Gene structure analysis revealed the presence of 2–11 exons in the LcWRKYs. Cis‐acting regulatory element analysis identified many stress‐response elements in LcWRKY promoters. Moreover, a comprehensive 2‐year investigation involving the screening of a lychee natural population led to the identification of Guiwei and Yurong1 as displaying stable susceptibility and resistance against LDB, respectively. Furthermore, expression patterns indicated that LcWRKY13, LcWRKY17, and LcWRKY34 were significantly upregulated in response to LDB induction, while LDB suppressed the expression of LcWRKY11. These findings suggest that these four genes may play a crucial role in lychee resistance to LDB. The present study has provided a foundation for future investigations of LcWRKY gene function in lychee.
A polydisperse model for thixotropic elasto‐viscoplastic suspensions of aggregating particles using population balances
Authors: Jariwala Soham , Song Rong , Hipp Julie B. , Diemer R. Bertrum , Wagner Norman J. , Beris Antony N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn improved population balance‐based rheological constitutive framework for polydisperse aggregating suspensions is derived by incorporating detailed models for orthokinetic and perikinetic aggregation and shear breakage processes. The framework accounts for critical properties such as dynamic arrest, viscoelasticity, kinematic hardening, thixotropy, and yield stress to generate a full range of thixotropic elasto‐viscoplastic (TEVP) response. Additionally, the model is thermodynamically consistent because the dynamics and timescales are completely determined by internal structural and kinetic variables. The model connects the rheological response to the structural descriptors such as the size distribution of agglomerates, mean sizes, fractal dimension, and agglomerate volume fraction. Predictions are compared against a wide range of shear rheology measurements data for model thixotropic suspensions of fumed silica and carbon black, including large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), as well as ultra‐small angle neutron scattering under steady shear (Rheo‐uSANS).
Artificial intelligence and the work–health interface: A research agenda for a technologically transforming world of work
Authors: Jetha Arif , Bakhtari Hela , Rosella Laura C. , Gignac Monique A. M. , Biswas Aviroop , Shahidi Faraz V. , Smith Brendan T. , Smith Maxwell J. , Mustard Cameron , Khan Naimul , Arrandale Victoria H. , Loewen Peter J. , Zuberi Daniyal , Dennerlein Jack T. , Bonaccio Silvia , Wu Nicole , Irvin Emma , Smith Peter M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe labor market is undergoing a rapid artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. There is currently limited empirical scholarship that focuses on how AI adoption affects employment opportunities and work environments in ways that shape worker health, safety, well‐being and equity. In this article, we present an agenda to guide research examining the implications of AI on the intersection between work and health. To build the agenda, a full day meeting was organized and attended by 50 participants including researchers from diverse disciplines and applied stakeholders. Facilitated meeting discussions aimed to set research priorities related to workplace AI applications and its impact on the health of workers, including critical research questions, methodological approaches, data needs, and resource requirements. Discussions also aimed to identify groups of workers and working contexts that may benefit from AI adoption as well as those that may be disadvantaged by AI. Discussions were synthesized into four research agenda areas: (1) examining the impact of stronger AI on human workers; (2) advancing responsible and healthy AI; (3) informing AI policy for worker health, safety, well‐being, and equitable employment; and (4) understanding and addressing worker and employer knowledge needs regarding AI applications. The agenda provides a roadmap for researchers to build a critical evidence base on the impact of AI on workers and workplaces, and will ensure that worker health, safety, well‐being, and equity are at the forefront of workplace AI system design and adoption.