bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with post‐bariatric hypoglycaemia reduces hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability
Authors: Cummings Cameron , Jiang Alex , Sheehan Amanda , Ferraz‐Bannitz Rafael , Puleio Alexa , Simonson Donald C. , Dreyfuss Jonathan M. , Patti Mary Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo determine whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can reduce hypoglycaemia in patients with post‐bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH).Materials and MethodsIn an open‐label, nonrandomized, pre‐post design with sequential assignment, CGM data were collected in 22 individuals with PBH in two sequential phases: (i) masked (no access to sensor glucose or alarms); and (ii) unmasked (access to sensor glucose and alarms for low or rapidly declining sensor glucose). Twelve participants wore the Dexcom G4 device for a total of 28 days, while 10 wore the Dexcom G6 device for a total of 20 days.ResultsParticipants with PBH spent a lower percentage of time in hypoglycaemia over 24 hours with unmasked versus masked CGM (<3.3 mM/L, or <60 mg/dL: median [median absolute deviation {MAD}] 0.7 [0.8]% vs. 1.4 [1.7]%, P = 0.03; <3.9 mM/L, or <70 mg/dL: median [MAD] 2.9 [2.5]% vs. 4.7 [4.8]%; P = 0.04), with similar trends overnight. Sensor glucose data from the unmasked phase showed a greater percentage of time spent between 3.9 and 10 mM/L (70‐180 mg/dL) (median [MAD] 94.8 [3.9]% vs. 90.8 [5.2]%; P = 0.004) and lower glycaemic variability over 24 hours (median [MAD] mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion 4.1 [0.98] vs. 4.4 [0.99] mM/L; P = 0.04). During the day, participants also spent a greater percentage of time in normoglycaemia with unmasked CGM (median [MAD] 94.2 [4.8]% vs. 90.9 [6.2]%; P = 0.005), largely due to a reduction in hyperglycaemia (>10 mM/L, or 180 mg/dL: median [MAD] 1.9 [2.2]% vs. 3.9 [3.6]%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsReal‐time CGM data and alarms are associated with reductions in low sensor glucose, elevated sensor glucose, and glycaemic variability. This suggests CGM allows patients to detect hyperglycaemic peaks and imminent hypoglycaemia, allowing dietary modification and self‐treatment to reduce hypoglycaemia. The use of CGM devices may improve safety in PBH, particularly for patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness.
The impact of COVID‐19 on children and adolescents attending Child and Youth Mental Health Services in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Payne Leanne , Goijen Hedwig J. , Cobham Vanessa , Bor William , Stathis Stephen S. , Coghill David C. , Middeldorp Christel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis explorative study aims to provide insight into impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated restrictions, on mental health of children and adolescents treated at Child and Youth Mental Health Services, and their parents.MethodThe COVID‐19 Mental Health Survey was disseminated to parents of children and adolescents under treatment at community Child and Youth Mental Health Services (Brisbane, Australia) between July–November 2020 throughout different stages of COVID‐19 related restrictions. Parents of 110 children participated.ResultsMost reported child's symptoms were sadness (46%), anxiety (60%), lack of focus (61%), lack of joy in their usual activities (38%) and reduction in sleep (42%). Parental emotions were significantly correlated with their child's emotions. Parent's lack of enjoyment of usual activities had the overall strongest average correlation (0.27) but this was no longer significant once other variables were controlled for. Children who attended school remotely for some of the days had a significantly (p < .05) higher risk of having more reported symptoms. Interestingly, in later stages of the lockdown with further easing of restrictions, symptoms also tended to be more severe.ConclusionCross‐sectional data on children and adolescents in Queensland, Australia with pre‐existing mental health issues suggests mental health continued to deteriorate through the pandemic even as restrictions eased. Changes in schooling seem to be an especially important risk factor.
“Turning back the clock”: A positive strategy for changing unacceptable youth behavior
Authors: Rimehaug Tormod 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper describes “Turning back the clock” (TBC)—an innovative strategy addressing unacceptable or coercive youth behavior based on nonviolent principles, inspired by the nonviolent resistance movement (NVR)—also called connecting authority or caring authority (CA) approaches to guidance and supervision of parents and other adults. Variants of NVR/CA have been evaluated as effective in RCT and pre–post designs. TBC has not been evaluated regarding its effectiveness but shows promising usability in case studies. The aim of this description of the TBC strategy is to encourage development and testing of its usability on large scale to improve it and pave the way for effectiveness evaluations. The core of TBC is to create possibilities for improving behavior without delay by negotiating the social timeline narrative. This allows improvement through reenactment of events immediately after having said or done something unfortunate or unacceptable instead of waiting for the next comparable situation. Adults introduce the strategy by modeling it before youths are encouraged to improve their own misbehavior immediately without waiting for a later opportunity. Finally, adults declare that a set of unacceptable behaviors will be considered disqualifying to any request or demand, but that attempting again as if it had not happened can be a possibility: Using the TBC strategy. This declaration is intended to increase youth's interest in using TBC themselves, and with successful use reduce escalation of conflicts into coercion and threats.
Calling time on alien plantscapes
Authors: Gillman Len 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth urban and rural environments around the globe have become dominated by alien plant species to the extent that plantscapes from one region or country have become difficult to distinguish from many others. This process of plant community homogenisation comes at a cost to cultural identity and undermines people's sense of place. Although invasive alien plant species have received considerable attention in recent decades, issues with non‐invasive alien plant species have largely been ignored, and yet they contribute significantly to biotic homogeneity and impose an ever accumulating invasion debt: a debt that increases in proportion with their population sizes. By contrast, an abundance of native species in the places where people live is important for strengthening commitment to biodiversity conservation. Is there therefore sufficient evidence of harm from increasing numbers of non‐invasive alien plants to justify local and central governments introducing measures to substantially reduce the proportion of non‐invasive aliens in both urban and rural environments?
Niche modelling predicts that soil fungi occupy a precarious climate in boreal forests
Authors: Qin Clara , Pellitier Peter T. , Van Nuland Michael E. , Peay Kabir G. , Zhu Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimEfforts to predict the responses of soil fungal communities to climate change are hindered by limited information on how fungal niches are distributed across environmental hyperspace. We predict the climate sensitivity of North American soil fungal assemblage composition by modelling the ecological niches of several thousand fungal species.LocationOne hundred and thirteen sites in the United States and Canada spanning all biomes except tropical rain forest.Major Taxa StudiedFungi.Time Period2011–2018.MethodsWe combine internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from two continental‐scale sampling networks in North America and cluster them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity. Using climate and soil data, we fit ecological niche models (ENMs) based on logistic ridge regression for all OTUs present in at least 10 sites (n = 8597). To describe the compositional turnover of soil fungal assemblages over climatic gradients, we introduce a novel niche‐based metric of climate sensitivity, the Sørensen climate sensitivity index. Finally, we map climate sensitivity across North America.ResultsENMs have a mean out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy of 73.8%, with temperature variables being strong predictors of fungal distributions. Soil fungal climate niches clump together across environmental space, which suggests common physiological limits and predicts abrupt changes in composition with respect to changes in climate. Soil fungi in North American climates are more likely to be limited by cold and dry conditions than by warm and wet conditions, and ectomycorrhizal fungi generally tolerate colder temperatures than saprotrophic fungi. Sørensen climate sensitivity exhibits a multimodal distribution across environmental space, with a peak in climates corresponding to boreal forests.Main ConclusionsThe boreal forest occupies an especially precarious region of environmental space for the composition of soil fungal assemblages in North America, as even small degrees of warming could trigger large compositional changes characterized mainly by an influx of warm‐adapted species.
Paradox as resistance in male dominated fields and the value of (sur)facing enthymematic narratives
Authors: Mease Jennifer J. , Neal Bronwyn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWomen working in masculine organizational contexts face a challenge of balancing (1) access to power by co‐opting masculine discourse in ways that risk reinforcing it, with (2) challenging and resisting practices that privilege masculinity. In this manuscript, we address one communication strategy for navigating that challenge: The denial/acknowledgment paradox in which women explicitly deny that gender affected their experience, but also describe the many ways it affected their experience. To do so, we examined transcripts of interviews with 11 women candidates who ran in the 2017 Virginia House of Delegates election in the United States and demonstrated this paradoxical communication strategy. Our analysis offers five different structures of the denial/acknowledgment paradox and shows how four of those structures engage what we call an “enthymematic narrative” of victimhood. Ultimately, we argue that (sur)facing the enthymematic narrative amplifies the generative potential of the denial/acknowledgment paradox and suggest that (sur)facing enthymematic narratives should be taken up more broadly as a strategy for organizational and social change.
Students' abilities to formulate exhaustive titles as a key to comprehending arguments
Authors: Shilo Gila , Ragonis Noa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTitles are used to find and express the main idea of a given text. This study examines the ability of 357 eleventh‐grade high school students to formulate meaningful titles for argument paragraphs. Additionally, the link between the ability to provide proper titles and the ability to recognize the argument claim is examined. The study relates to three types of argument structures. The results reveal that most students failed to convey the main idea in all three argument structures. Moreover, even students who succeeded in indicating the main claim, failed to suggest exhaustive titles. Analysis reveals seven different types of inaccuracies in titles students formulated, and reasons for such are offered. Ten recommendations for teaching are suggested in conclusion.
Intelligent optimal demand response implemented by blockchain and cooperative game in microgrids
Authors: Bai Fenhua , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDistributed renewable energy supply (RES) is a new pattern for the transformation of power grids. As a characteristic case of RES, microgrids have an advantage in convenient operation. However, the energy management of microgrids remains as a major concern. With the emergence of the decentralized paradigm, blockchain potentially provides a reliable energy data metering and payment for the whole life cycle of energy management. In particular, the demand response (DR) in the microgrid can stimulate demanders to spontaneously manage their load consumption and maintain the balance of the energy trading market. To achieve optimal DR, a dynamic pricing strategy under the blockchain and game‐theoretic approach is proposed. First, the blockchain‐based architecture is applied to ensure the reliability of energy data and lay a foundation of binding agreements for games. Then, the pricing mechanism under the cooperative game is formulated to optimize DR. Moreover, to help resolve the optimal response quantity and reduce the supply punishment of the RES providers, the DR requires accurate forecasting of the energy generation and consumption profiles. Therefore, an ensemble method Long Short‐Term Gate Support (LSTGS) is designed to forecast the RES and load power for intelligent agent to make decision on effective energy scheduling and DR. Taking the classic distributed energy context as a case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and show that it can achieve DR profits maximized and improve the stability of the energy‐trading market.
SOMATISATION DISORDER IN A BRITISH TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Bass C , Murphy M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY We describe 33 patients (31 women, 2 men; mean age 47 years) who satisfied research criteria for somatization disorder (SD), a disorder characterised by persistent or recurrent unexplained somatic symptoms beginning before the age of 30. The mean duration of symptoms was 30 years (range 12–57). Twenty patients had co‐existing physical disease: seven (21%) had histories of chronic physical disease in childhood, whereas in 13 (39%) the physical disorders began in adult life, after many years of somatic complaints, and were largely coincidental. All had been repeatedly investigated for their symptoms. Twenty‐one patients (64%) were receiving medication for spurious physical disorders, most commonly ‘angina’ and ‘asthma‘. Hysterectomies had been performed in 16 (52%) of the 31 women at a mean age of 37 years, but pathology was detected in only two. Twenty‐nine patients (88%) had received previous treatment for psychiatric illness, and 20 (61%) were receiving invalidity benefits.British psychiatrists do not usually diagnose SD, but focus selectively on symptoms that suggest more familiar psychiatric syndromes. Similarly, medical specialists often diagnose 'functional syndromes' affecting the system that interests them. Over time these patients acquire spurious organic diagnoses and develop physical disorders that make the assessment of new symptoms more difficult. Disability is invariably in excess of what might be predicted from physical findings. We conclude that a diagnosis of SD draws attention to a group of patients who are chronically ill and unresponsive to conventional medical and psychiatric treatment. They use a lot of resources to little avail and thus merit more research.
A DOUBLE‐BUND, RANDOMISED COMPARISON OF FLUVOXAMINE WITH DOTHIEPIN IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Rahman M K , Akhtar M J , Savla N C , Sharma R R , Kellett J M , Ashford J J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY The efficacy and tolerability of the selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine were compared with the tricyclic dothiepin in 52 elderly (age > 64 years) hospital patients in a multi‐centre double‐blind randomised trial. Patients met DSM‐III criteria for ‘major depressive episode’ and scored > 29 on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after a one‐week placebo baseline. Active treatment was for six weeks. The dosage of both drugs was 50 mg nocte for three days, 100 mg nocte for the remainder of the first week, thereafter increasing to a maximum of 200 mg/day according to response/tolerance.MADRS scores improved by 63.5% with fluvoxamine and 60.0% with dothiepin; there were no significant differences between treatments at any assessment.Nausea, dizziness, headache, somnolence and constipation in both groups, plus dry mouth and asthenia in the dothiepin group were more frequent than single reports. Two patients in each group discontinued treatment owing to unwanted effects. There were no clinically significant changes in haematological, biochemical or cardiovascular parameters.
THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE OF FLUVOXAMINE VERSUS MIANSERIN IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Moon C A L , Jesinger D K 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY This study examined the psychomotor and antidepressant effects of fluvoxamine in a depressed, GP patient population, compared to those of mianserin. It was a single centre, double‐blind, six‐week study, preceded by a one‐week pre‐treatment placebo washout, in 59 patients suffering from major depressive episode (DSM III) and scoring over 24 on MADRS. The starting dose was 100 mg fluvoxamine or 60 mg mianserin daily for one week, rising to 300 mg fluvoxamine or 180 mg mianserin.Both treatment groups showed significant improvement overtime with no differences between drugs in terms of efficacy. Fluvoxamine and mianserin were both shown to be effective in the treatment of depressive illness. Some psychomotor impairment in the first few days and weight gain over a longer period could affect compliance with mianserin. Fluvoxamine does not reduce psychomotor performance or cause weight gain.
Upper limits of water contents in olivine and orthopyroxene of equilibrated chondrites and several achondrites
Authors: Harries Dennis , Zhao Xuchao , Franchi Ian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydroxyl defects in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) were potential carriers of water in the early Solar System and might have contributed to the accretion of terrestrial water. To better understand this, we have conducted a nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry survey of water contents in olivine and orthopyroxene from a set of equilibrated ordinary chondrites of the L and LL groups (Baszkówka, Bensour, Kheneg Ljouâd, and Tuxtuac) and several ultramafic achondrites (Zakłodzie, Dhofar 125, Northwest Africa [NWA] 4969, NWA 6693, and NWA 7317). For calibration, we used terrestrial olivine and orthopyroxene with H2O contents determined by Fourier transform infrared. Our 99.7% (~3SD) detection limits are 3.6–5.4 ppmw H2O for olivine and 7.7–10.9 ppmw H2O for orthopyroxene. None of the meteoritic samples studied consistently shows water contents above the detection limits. A few exceptions slightly above the detection limits are suspected of terrestrial contamination by ferric oxyhydroxides. If the meteorite samples investigated accreted in the presence of small amounts of water ice, the upper limits of water contents provided by our survey suggest that the retention of hydrogen during thermal metamorphism and differentiation was ineffective. We suggest that loss occurred through combinations of low internal pressures, high permeability along grain boundaries, and speciation of hydrogen into reduced compounds such as H2 and methane, which are less soluble in NAMs than in water.
Empathy of dental students and educators in French hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Haddad Yara‐Gaëlle , Sturzu Livia , Bisch Michaël , Yasukawa Kazutoyo , Baudet Alexandre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmpathy is a key factor in the dentist–patient relationship. The aim of this study was to determine empathy in dental students and educators in French hospital dental services. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among dental students and educators who practiced in 10 hospital dental services affiliated with the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Lorraine in France. A questionnaire was self‐administered online using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE). The study included 209 participants comprising 50 students in fourth year, 66 students in fifth year, 48 students in sixth year, and 45 educators. Participants were 63.6% females, aged 27 ± 8 years. The mean empathy score was 109.40 ± 11.65. The sub‐scores of the three dimensions were 57.02 ± 6.64 for Perspective Taking, 42.56 ± 6.22 for Compassionate Care, and 9.78 ± 2.61 for Walking in the Patient's Shoes. Females showed significant higher empathy scores than males (111.36 vs. 105.84). The empathy score was correlated with age and insignificantly decreased during clinical training (from 110.06 in fourth year to 106.63 in sixth year). French dental students and educators showed high levels of empathy.
The epidemiology and psychological comorbidity of disorders of gut–brain interaction in Australia: Results from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Knowles Simon R. , Apputhurai Pragalathan , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Sperber Ami D. , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study on the disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) was used to assess the national prevalence of all 22 DGBI, the percentage of respondents meeting diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, and the rates of comorbid anxiety, depression, and somatization in Australia and 25 other countries.MethodsThe survey was conducted in Australia and 25 other countries through the Internet and included the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire and an in‐depth supplemental questionnaire.Key ResultsTwo thousand thirty‐six Australian adults completed the survey nationwide: mean age 47.34 ± 17.00 years, 50.15% males. Overall, 38.67% of Australians met criteria for at least one DGBI, with unspecified functional bowel disorder (8.01%) and then functional constipation (7.71%) being the most prevalent. For those Australians with at least one DGBI, rates of anxiety, depression, and somatization where high (26.58%, 28.96%, and 63.10%, respectively), with functional chest pain having the highest rates of anxiety (55.00%) and depression (57.50%), and irritable bowel syndrome (mixed) having the highest somatization rate (75.86%). The odds of having a DGBI increased with greater anxiety (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 0.97, 1.23), depression (OR: 1.17, CI 95%: 1.04, 1.32), and somatization (OR: 1.17, CI 95%: 1.14, 1.20) symptom severity.Conclusions and InferencesThe current study represents the most comprehensive epidemiological exploration of DGBI and mental health in Australia to date, including their prevalence and distributions across sex and age, associations between DGBI and anxiety, depression, and somatization. The findings warrants future comparisons between population characteristics and health care systems differences in order to reduce the burden of DGBI and mental illness worldwide.