bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of bio-inspired grouped battered minipiles under lateral loading in clay
Authors: Mondal Sanchari , Disfani Mahdi M. , Mehdizadeh Amirhassan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe field of bio-inspired geotechnics has been growing in response to the demand for foundations that are sustainable and yet have improved load-bearing capacities. This study aims to address the gap in a specialised adaptation of root system architecture for designing resilient foundations. The lateral load behaviour of one such novel grouped battered minipile configuration is evaluated in this study based on full-scale field testing and numerical modelling to report the unknown increase of load capacity caused by shape modification. First, three single minipiles battered at 0° and 25° were subjected to static lateral loading in fine-grained soil. The strain profiles along the individual minipile shafts were obtained using optic fibre sensors. Consecutively, full-scale lateral load tests on two types of minipile groups were also performed; one group had a configuration of two 25° battered minipiles perpendicular to the direction of loading mimicking a tree-root system, and another conventional group had two positive and negative battered minipiles. A numerical model was developed to investigate the effect of pile spacing and obtain soil pressures, bending moments and axial forces of the battered minipile groups. Results show that increased bearing area and higher engagement of soil volume for the novel minipile group with two perpendicular battered minipiles were larger than the conventional minipile group; thus, the former offered higher lateral resistance. The deflection pattern, bending moment and p-y curves showed a shadowing effect in stiff clay for battered minipile groups at a pile head spacing of three times the minipile diameter.
Novel and inexpensive gamma radiation sensor: initial concept and design
Authors: Sorysz Joanna , Heryan Katarzyna , Krombach Gabriele , Friebe Michael , Pott Peter P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Early detection of tumors and their spread, particularly in lymph node illnesses, is critical for a full recovery. However, it is currently difficult due to a lack of imaging or detection devices that provide the necessary spatial depth and location information. Consequently, it would be beneficial to have a simple and cost-effective sensor device to determine the 3D position of, e.g., a lymph node in the patient’s coordinate system.

Methods
In this work, we present a concept and design for a novel semiconductor-based 3D detection system that uses inexpensive off-the-shelf components to measure gamma activity. A simple Arduino-type microcontroller calculates the 3D position of the probe based on the number of the measured pulse, the spatial sensitivity characteristics, and the known geometry of the device.

Results
The system was set up from four photodiodes (Osram BPW34), a transistor-based pre-amplifier, and a two-stage operational amplifier as the main stage. Doing so, a signal sufficient to be read by the microcontroller could be produced. The performed calculations proved that for a system consisting of at least four photodiodes, it is possible to determine precise location of a gamma radiation source.

Conclusions
After successful first experiments with a single diode, the optimal spatial arrangement of the diodes as well as their orientation will be determined to achieve a compact, cost effective yet fast, and accurate sensor device for every-day clinical application.
A Prospective Study on the Diagnoses for Abdominal Pain After Bariatric Surgery: The OPERATE Study
Authors: van Olst Nienke , Vink Marjolein R. A. , de Vet Sterre C. P. , Hutten Barbara A. , Gerdes Victor E. A. , Tielbeek Jeroen A. W. , Bruin Sjoerd C. , van Weyenberg Stijn J. B. , van der Peet Donald L. , Acherman Yair I. Z. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery (BS) reveals high numbers of patients with abdominal pain that often remains unexplained. The aim of this prospective study was to give an overview of diagnoses for abdominal pain, percentage of unexplained complaints, number and yield of follow-up visits, and time to establish a diagnosis.

Materials and Methods
Patients who visited the Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, The Netherlands, between December 2020 and December 2021 for abdominal pain after BS, were eligible and followed throughout the entire episode of abdominal pain. Distinction was made between presumed and definitive diagnoses.

Results
The study comprised 441 patients with abdominal pain; 401 (90.9%) females, 380 (87.7%) had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, mean (SD) % total weight loss was 31.4 (10.5), and median (IQR) time after BS was 37.0 (11.0–66.0) months. Most patients had 1–5 follow-up visits. Readmissions and reoperations were present in 212 (48.1%) and 164 (37.2%) patients. At the end of the episode, 88 (20.0%) patients had a presumed diagnosis, 183 (41.5%) a definitive diagnosis, and 170 (38.5%) unexplained complaints. Most common definitive diagnoses were cholelithiasis, ulcers, internal herniations, and presumed diagnoses irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, and constipation. Median (IQR) time to presumed diagnoses, definitive diagnoses, or unexplained complaints was 16.0 (3.8–44.5), 2.0 (0.0–31.5), and 13.5 (1.0–53.8) days (p < 0.001). Patients with IBS more often had unexplained complaints (OR 95%CI: 4.457 [1.455–13.654], p = 0.009). At the end, 71 patients (16.1%) still experienced abdominal pain.

Conclusion
Over a third of abdominal complaints after BS remains unexplained. Most common diagnoses were cholelithiasis, ulcers, and internal herniations.

Graphical Abstract
Bump hunting through density curvature features
Authors: Chacón José E. , Fernández Serrano Javier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBump hunting deals with finding in sample spaces meaningful data subsets known as bumps. These have traditionally been conceived as modal or concave regions in the graph of the underlying density function. We define an abstract bump construct based on curvature functionals of the probability density. Then, we explore several alternative characterizations involving derivatives up to second order. In particular, a suitable implementation of Good and Gaskins’ original concave bumps is proposed in the multivariate case. Moreover, we bring to exploratory data analysis concepts like the mean curvature and the Laplacian that have produced good results in applied domains. Our methodology addresses the approximation of the curvature functional with a plug-in kernel density estimator. We provide theoretical results that assure the asymptotic consistency of bump boundaries in the Hausdorff distance with affordable convergence rates. We also present asymptotically valid and consistent confidence regions bounding curvature bumps. The theory is illustrated through several use cases in sports analytics with datasets from the NBA, MLB and NFL. We conclude that the different curvature instances effectively combine to generate insightful visualizations.
Triple gallbladder: radiological review
Authors: Picchi Eliseo , Leomanni Paola , Dell’Olio Vito Bruno , Pucci Noemi , Di Giuliano Francesca , Ferrazzoli Valentina , Minosse Silvia , Rho Maurizio , Chiocchi Marcello , Garaci Francesco , Floris Roberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTriple gallbladder represents a rare congenital anatomical abnormality that can be a diagnostic challenge in reason to its rarity and consequential difficulties with diagnosis and identification. A systematic review of all published literature between 1958 and 2022 was performed. We identified 20 previous studies that provided 20 cases of triple gallbladder; our case was also included in the analysis, making a total of 21 patients. All patients underwent on diagnostic imaging examinations. After 1985, 9 patients underwent US examination which allowed prompt recognition of triple gallbladder in 2 patients only. CT was performed in 3 patients and allowed the correct diagnosis in a case. In 4 patients, was performed MRCP which allowed the correct diagnosis of triple gallbladder in all patients. Preoperative imaging allows the recognition of triple gallbladder in 9 of 21 patients (43%); in 12 patients (57%) the diagnosis was intraoperative. On patients considered, 16/21 underwent cholecystectomy. In 15 cases, the excised gallbladders were submitted for histopathological characterization with detection of metaplasia of the mucosa in 3 patients, while papillary adenocarcinoma was found in one. Imaging plays a key role in the identification of the anatomical variants of gallbladder, especially triple gallbladder, as modern imaging techniques allow a detailed assessment of the course of the biliary tract for a correct preoperative diagnosis. It is also crucial to be aware of the association between this condition and the metaplasia phenomena with the development of adenocarcinoma, as this may influence the patient’s course of treatment.
Connectedness and sustainable attitudes and behavior in athletes
Authors: Jansen Petra , Hoja Sabine , Rahe Martina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVariables of connectedness (pro-socialness and connectedness to nature) are related to sustainable behavior and attitude. This study investigates if athletes of different types of sport differ in their sustainable attitudes and behavior. Two-hundred twenty-five athletes participated, 53 from individual indoor sports, 46 from individual outdoor sports, 65 from team indoor sports, and 61 from team outdoor sports. All athletes completed questionnaires on pro-socialness, connectedness to nature, and sustainable attitudes and behavior. The results provide evidence for the relationship between connectedness and sustainable attitudes and behavior. Sustainable attitudes were predicted by connectedness to nature (β = 0.287, p < 0.001) and age (β = 0.230, p = 0.048), sustainable behavior by connectedness to nature, (β = 0.250, p = 0.001) and pro-socialness (β = 0.268, p = 0.003). There is no difference in pro-socialness in athletes from individual vs team sports. However, athletes practicing outdoor sports are more connected to nature than those practicing indoor sports. Moreover, athletes from individual outdoor sports show the highest values in sustainable attitude and behavior. The underlying mechanism for this result might be worth to be investigated in more depth.
Evaluating performance of various methods in predicting triangular sharp-crested side weir discharge
Authors: Balahang Saeed , Ghodsian Masoud 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigated the efficiency of the traditional weir equation (TWE), Domínguez, adjusted Domínguez, and Schmidt approaches, as an alternative to the De Marchi procedure, for computing discharge of a sharp-crested triangular side weir. Comprehensive experimental data were used for the analysis, including 342 data from the present study and 140 data from other sources. The effects of approach Froude number Fr1, the ratio of weir height to upstream flow depth p/y1, and weir apex angle θ on the discharge coefficients obtained from different methods were studied. Sensitivity analysis using the partial swarm optimization-support vector regression method indicated that Fr1, p/y1, and θ affect the discharge coefficients. It was found that Fr1 with sensitivity indices equal to 1.89, 3.74, and 4.04 has the most substantial effect on the De Marchi coefficient, TWE coefficient, and adjusted Domínguez coefficient; meanwhile, p/y1 has the most significant impact on Domínguez coefficient and Schmidt coefficient with sensitivity index equal to 1.57. In addition, it was found that θ had the lowest sensitivity indices in estimating discharge coefficients. New equations for forecasting sharp-crested triangular side weir discharge coefficient were presented based on dimensional analysis. The new De Marchi coefficient executed better for calculating triangular side weir discharge than earlier De Marchi coefficients. Moreover, TWE, Domínguez, adjusted Domínguez, and Schmidt methods performed better than the De Marchi procedure (with MSE = 4.581) in calculating sharp-crested triangular side weir discharge. However, considering the simplicity of the TWE approach compared to other methods, this approach with R2 = 0.975, NSE = 0.975, MSE = 3.610, MRE = 0.097, and CP10% = 71.36 was introduced as the superior procedure.
Reproductive potential shapes the expression of nurse-to-forager transition genes in the workers of stingless bees (Meliponini)
Authors: de Souza Larissa D. Ribeiro , Hartfelder Klaus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the division of labor in stingless bees. We investigated the expression of a set of candidate genes associated with the nurse-to-forager transition in the honey bee in two stingless bee species, Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta varia. These species differ with respect to worker reproduction. The workers of M. quadrifasciata lay trophic and reproductive eggs, but those of F. varia are completely sterile. For M. quadrifasciata nurses, we found elevated vitellogenin (Vg) and low juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) transcript levels in the abdomen, in agreement with their reproductive potential. In F. varia, Vg and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (mfe) transcript levels were high in the heads of foragers, indicating an association with foraging behavior. For malvolio (mvl) and foraging (for), both involved with food search behavior, mvl showed persistent low expression in the head, but increasing levels in the abdomen of both species, speaking against a role in behavioral development. The for transcript levels in F. varia were higher in foragers, both in the head and the abdomen, i.e., consistent with foraging. In M. quadrifasciata, however, for expression was higher in the heads of nurse bees, and, thus, is unlikely to play a role in foraging. The results for the two stingless bee species, in comparison with honey bees and bumble bees, indicate that the degree of worker sterility appears to be the primary factor that shapes the expression pattern of key genes in the life history of social bees.
Transactional fairness in consumer markets
Authors: Lyons Bruce , Sugden Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is growing public concern about the ‘unfairness’ of many pricing practices that have become common in consumer, particularly digital, markets. Industrial and behavioural economists have developed theories that explain the conditions under which these practices are profitable for firms, and their implications for consumer welfare. We identify a mismatch between the welfare economic principles used in this theoretical work and the normative perspective in which these practices are viewed as unfair. We develop a concept of ‘transactional fairness’, grounded in the normative approach of Sugden's Community of Advantage, that is reflective of public concerns. Transactional fairness is complementary to established criteria of economic efficiency and distributional equity but is based entirely on the relationship between individual buyers and sellers. It establishes clear principles with realistic information requirements that are appropriate for compliance by firms. Regulation based on this approach can help to restore public faith in markets.
Second language speech comprehensibility and acceptability in academic settings: Listener perceptions and speech stream influences
Authors: Crowther Dustin , Isbell Daniel R. , Nishizawa Hitoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIdeally, comprehensible second language (L2) speech would be seen as acceptable speech. However, the association between these dimensions is underexplored. To investigate the relationship between comprehensibility and “academic acceptability,” defined here as how well a speaker could meet the demands of a given role in an academic setting, 204 university stakeholders judged L2 speech samples elicited from a standardized English test used for university admissions. Four tasks from 100 speakers were coded for 13 speech stream characteristics. Judgments for comprehensibility and acceptability correlated strongly (r = .93). Linear mixed-effects models, used to examine judgments across all tasks and separately for each task, indicated that while random intercepts (i.e., speaker ability, listener severity) explained a substantial amount of total variation (32–44%) in listener judgments compared to speech characteristic fixed effects (8–21%), fixed effects did account for variation in speaker random effects (reducing variation compared to intercept-only models by 50–90%). Despite some minimal differences across task types, the influence of speech characteristics across both judgments was mostly similar. While providing evidence that comprehensible speech can indeed be perceived as acceptable, this study also provides evidence that speakers demonstrate both consistent and less consistent performance, in reference to speech stream production, across performances.
Mitigating Caregiver Distress in South Western Ontario: Perspectives on Role, Community, and Care
Authors: Webber Jodi , Finlayson Marcia , Norman Kathleen E. , Trothen Tracy J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe former South West Local Health Integration Network (SW LHIN) of Ontario, which is in a predominantly rural region, regularly reports the lowest rates of caregiver distress in the province. Caregivers from rural communities regularly face challenges related to the access, applicability, and availability of supports and services, This qualitative case study describes perspectives of caregiving from the region, and explores how role construction and expectations of caregivers might both mitigate distress and influence service support use. Thematic analysis identified five themes: anticipated care, gendered caring, service support assumptions, confidence in community, and the “line in the sand”: care decisions for evolving needs. Using the lens of caregiver identity theory, the findings suggest that these caregivers conceptualize identity as an extension of their primary role, to include caregiving obligations and responsibilities. We also noted a steadfast confidence in community and perceived service support assumptions across the region, with no notable rural–urban divide.
Psychiatric co-morbidity in children and adolescents with CHDs: a systematic review
Authors: Lau-Jensen Sara H. , Berg Christian F. , Hejl Julie L. , Baker Kamillia , Rask Charlotte U. , Hjortdal Vibeke E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe population of long-term survivors with CHDs is increasing due to better diagnostics and treatment. This has revealed many co-morbidities including different neurocognitive difficulties. However, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents and the specific types of disorders they may experience are unclear. We systematically reviewed the existing literature, where psychiatric diagnoses or psychiatric symptoms were investigated in children and adolescents (age: 2–18 aged) with CHDs and compared them with a heart-healthy control group or normative data. The searches were done in the three databases PubMed, psychINFO, and Embase. We included 20 articles reporting on 8035 unique patients with CHDs. Fourteen articles repoted on psychological symptoms, four reported on psychiatric diagnoses, and two reported on both symptoms and diagnoses. We found that children and adolescents with a CHD had a higher prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ranging between 1.4 and 9 times higher) and autism (ranging between 1.8 and 5 times higher) than controls, but inconsistent results regarding depression and anxiety.
The effect of smartphone addiction on vessel wall thickness, which is a predictor of atherosclerosis
Authors: Erden Ibrahim Emre , Bektaşoğlu Gökhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAim:The increasing global popularity of smartphone usage has increased concerns about the negative effects of smartphone addiction, such as lack of sleep, sedentary life, bad eating habits, anxiety, stress, and depression, especially among the young population. These problems caused by smartphone addiction are also well-known risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, according to our observation, there is no research in the literature that directly shows the relationship between smartphone addiction and subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, carotid intima-media thickness, an important surrogate marker in demonstrating subclinical atherosclerosis, was used to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and subclinical atherosclerosis.Materials and method:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 high school students aged between 13 and 22 years. A smartphone addiction questionnaire consisting of 33 questions was applied to measure smartphone addiction. Along with the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, factors such as eating habits, sleep patterns, and activity levels were also questioned. The mean carotid intima-media thickness was measured by an experienced sonographer according to the published and accepted methods.Results:When we set the threshold for smartphone addiction at over 66 points, we discovered that the group with smartphone addiction had considerably thicker carotid intima-media (0.68 ± 0.2 versus 0.45 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). In addition, logistics regression analysis had shown that smartphone addiction level independently affects the carotid intima-media thickness (odds ratio:1.111; %95 GA:1.057–1.168, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Smartphone addiction may help prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis via carotid intima-media thickness among teenagers.
Spread of bounties: culinary manuals and knowledge in Mughal South Asia
Authors: Vermani Neha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article identifies and examines Persian-language culinary manuals that were produced in South Asia between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries. In doing so, it centres three empirical loci: the definition of food as it was conceptualised during the period under study; the impetus for the textualisation and standardisation of culinary knowledge; and core principles that undergird the cuisine of the Mughal elite. Engaging with these themes, the article privileges the intersection between the discourses on body, food, and ethical self-fashioning as the key site of analysis.