bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interplay of Organisational and Individual Bounded Agency in Workplace Learning: A Framework Approach
Authors: Hefler Günter , Studená Ivana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets out the framework used in 17 organisational case studies (across three economic sectors in nine countries) to investigate ‘organisational’ and individual agency in workplace learning. Agency is key to explaining why individuals take up learning opportunities in different dimensions of their lives over the life course. It is relational: actors’ choices are bound by their environments. The framework treats both individuals and organisations as actors with agency: whether workplace learning actually occurs results from how they interact. Those who find their workplace offers limited learning opportunities may seek more learning-conducive jobs, or to learn outside work. Policies should promote meaningful learning across society, but poor workplace organisation is a barrier to making lifelong learning a reality for all.
Organisational and Individual Agency in Workplace Learning in the European Metal Sector
Authors: Kirov Vassil , Estevez-Gutierrez Ana Isabel , Elexpuru-Albizuri Iciar , Díez Fernando , Villardón-Gallego Lourdes , Aurrekoetxea-Casaus Maite 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter compares the evolution of day-to-day, informal, workplace learning and work-based training arrangements in the metals sector in Bulgaria and Spain’s Basque region. The latter’s advanced, industrialised economic model is rather different from other Spanish regions. Basque country institutions successfully link vocational education with labour market needs; Bulgaria’s state educational system is poor at delivering skills. The Basque studies are both in the region’s important cooperative sector. The Bulgarian companies (both domestic subsidiaries of multinationals) developed in global value chains; they have recently introduced in-house training to cope with a shortage of qualified labour. Using qualitative methods, the chapter shows how organisational and individual agency provide space for informal workplace learning and what outcomes this has for early career workers.
Vulnerability in European Lifelong Learning Policies 1992–2018: Seeing Young People as a Problem to Be Fixed?
Authors: Maiztegui-Oñate Concepción , Roosalu Triin , Moro-Inchaurtieta Alvaro , Taru Marti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdopting a dynamic view of vulnerability and using a critical discourse analysis based on a corpus of 68 European documents (25 years) on lifelong learning, this chapter explores the conceptual underpinnings of how lifelong learning has addressed the challenges of vulnerability among young people. The results show that youth, especially those in vulnerable situations, have been constructed primarily as a category that is, or should be, economically active and in need of lifelong learning to develop their skills in the labour market. Other visions implicit in lifelong learning (e.g., citizenship, social participation) have been marginalised. Thus, human capital perspectives dominate European lifelong learning policies, underpinning a narrow vision that misunderstands the causes of vulnerability and generates incomplete policy objectives for socially excluded youth.
Four-dimensional differential equations for the leading divergences of dimensionally-regulated loop integrals
Authors: Henn Johannes , Ma Rourou , Yan Kai , Zhang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe invent an automated method for computing the divergent part of Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization. Our method exploits simplifications from four-dimensional integration-by-parts identities. Leveraging algorithms from the literature, we show how to find simple differential equations for the divergent part of Feynman integrals that are free of subdivergences. We illustrate the method by an application to heavy quark effective theory at three loops.
Non-standard neutrino interactions in light mediator models at reactor experiments
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Ghosh Sumit , Li Tianjun , Thompson Adrian , Verma Ankur 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Compared to other neutrino sources, the huge anti-neutrino fluxes at nuclear reactor based experiments empower us to derive stronger bounds on non-standard interactions of neutrinos with electrons mediated by light scalar/vector mediators. At neutrino energy around 200 keV reactor anti-neutrino flux is at least an order of magnitude larger compared to the solar flux. The atomic and crystal form factors of the detector materials related to the details of the atomic structure becomes relevant at this energy scale as the momentum transfers would be small. Non-standard neutrino-electron interaction mediated by light scalar/vector mediator arises naturally in many low-scale models. We also propose one such new model with a light scalar mediator. Here, we investigate the parameter space of such low-scale models in reactor based neutrino experiments with low threshold Ge and Si detectors, and find the prospect of probing/ruling out the relevant parameter space by finding the projected sensitivity at 90% confidence level by performing a χ2-analysis. We find that a detector capable of discriminating between electron recoil and nuclear recoil signal down to a very low threshold such as 5 eV placed in reactor based experiment would be able to probe a larger region in parameter space compared to the previously explored region. A Ge (Si) detector with 10 kg-yr exposure and 1 MW reactor anti-neutrino flux would be able to probe the scalar and vector mediators with masses below 1 keV for coupling products $$ \sqrt{g_{\nu }{g}_e} $$

g
ν

g
e

∼ 1 × 10−6 (9.5 × 10−7) and 1 × 10−7 (8 × 10−8), respectively.
The Excitation Spectrum of Two-Dimensional Bose Gases in the Gross–Pitaevskii Regime
Authors: Caraci Cristina , Cenatiempo Serena , Schlein Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of N bosons, in the two-dimensional unit torus. We assume particles to interact through a repulsive two-body potential, with a scattering length that is exponentially small in N (Gross–Pitaevskii regime). In this setting, we establish the validity of the predictions of Bogoliubov theory, determining the ground state energy of the Hamilton operator and its low-energy excitation spectrum, up to errors that vanish in the limit $$N \rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

.
Moral distance, AI, and the ethics of care
Authors: Villegas-Galaviz Carolina , Martin Kirsten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates how the introduction of AI to decision making increases moral distance and recommends the ethics of care to augment the ethical examination of AI decision making. With AI decision making, face-to-face interactions are minimized, and decisions are part of a more opaque process that humans do not always understand. Within decision-making research, the concept of moral distance is used to explain why individuals behave unethically towards those who are not seen. Moral distance abstracts those who are impacted by the decision and leads to less ethical decisions. The goal of this paper is to identify and analyze the moral distance created by AI through both proximity distance (in space, time, and culture) and bureaucratic distance (derived from hierarchy, complex processes, and principlism). We then propose the ethics of care as a moral framework to analyze the moral implications of AI. The ethics of care brings to the forefront circumstances and context, interdependence, and vulnerability in analyzing algorithmic decision making.
Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume of extranodal involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Oiwa Kana , Fujita Kei , Lee Shin , Morishita Tetsuji , Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Negoro Eiju , Hara Takeshi , Tsurumi Hisashi , Ueda Takanori , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtranodal involvement predicts poor outcomes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the impact of the metabolic tumor burden (MTV) of extranodal sites using positron emission tomography has not been clarified. This study aimed to assess the impact of extranodal MTV on overall survival (OS). We retrospectively analyzed 145 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients and verified the prognostic impact of each extranodal and nodal MTV. Multivariate Cox hazards modelling using both extranodal and nodal MTV as covariables identified extranodal MTV as a significant factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.072, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019–1.129, P = 0.008), but not nodal MTV. Multivariate Cox modelling using restricted cubic splines demonstrated that the impact of total MTV depends on the MTV of extranodal sites, not of nodal sites. When both the number and MTV of extranodal involvements were used as covariables, extranodal MTV remained a significant predictor of OS (HR 1.070, 95%CI 1.017–1.127, P = 0.009), but the number of extranodal sites did not. Extranodal MTV potentially had a more significant role on prognosis than nodal MTV. When considering prognostic impacts, the MTV of extranodal involvement is significantly more important than the number.
Placement of EVD in pediatric posterior fossa tumors: safe and efficient or old-fashioned? The Vienna experience
Authors: Hedrich Cora , Gojo Johannes , Azizi Amedeo , Peyrl Andreas , Slavc Irene , Winter Fabian , Czech Thomas , Dorfer Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The perioperative treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric posterior fossa tumors with an external ventricular drain (EVD) is the treatment of choice in our center. We analyzed our experience in using EVD concerning safety and effectivity.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of 100 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent resection for a newly diagnosed tumor in the posterior fossa between 2011 and 2022.

Results
Of the 100 patients with posterior fossa tumors, 80 patients (80%) had radiological signs of hydrocephalus at presentation, 49 patients (49%) of whom underwent placement of an EVD. In 40 patients, the EVD was inserted at a mean of 2.25 days prior to the tumor resection; 9 had the EVD inserted during tumor resection (frontal trajectory in 7 patients, occipital trajectory in 2 patients). Histology revealed pilocytic astrocytoma in 48 patients, medulloblastoma in 32, ependymoma in 11, and other histologic entities in 9 patients. Gross total/near-total resection was achieved in 46 (95.83%) of the 48 pilocytic astrocytomas, 30 (93.75%) of the 32 medulloblastomas, and 11 (100%) of the 11 ependymomas. The mean number of total days with the EVD in place was 8.61 ± 3.82 (range 2–16 days). The mean number of days with an EVD after tumor resection was 6.35 ± 3.8 (range 0–16 days). EVD-associated complications were seen in 6 patients (12.24%) including one infection. None of these resulted in a worse clinical course or any long-term sequelae. Permanent CSF diversion at 6 months after surgery was necessary in 13 patients (13%), including two VP shunt, two SD-shunt, six endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and three combined VP shunt and ETV procedures. Patients with a medulloblastoma or ependymoma had a higher rate of permanent CSF diversion needed than the group of pilocytic astrocytoma patients (27.9% versus 2.13%, p < 0.001). In patients with metastatic disease, 7 of 17 patients (41.18%) needed a permanent CSF diversion, compared to 6 of 83 patients (7.23%) in the group without metastasis (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric posterior fossa tumors with an EVD as a temporary measure is safe and effective, provided that a multi-professional understanding for its handling is given and there is no need for a long transport of the children.
Decompression strain in parachute jumpmasters during simulated high-altitude missions: a special reference to preoxygenation strategies
Authors: Eiken Ola , Elia Antonis , Gottschalk Frode , Gennser Mikael , Ånell Rickard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Military parachute operations are often executed at high altitude, from an unpressurized aircraft compartment. Parachute jumpmasters (JM) are thus regularly exposed to 29,500 ft for 60 min. The aim was to investigate the decompression strain during a simulated JM mission at high altitude and to compare two strategies of preoxygenation, conducted either at sea-level or below 10,000 ft, during ascent to mission altitude.

Methods
Ten JM completed, on separate occasions, a 45-min preoxygenation either at sea-level (normobaric: N) or 8200ft (hypobaric: H), followed by exposure to 28,000 ft for 60 min, whilst laying supine and breathing 100% oxygen. At min 45 of the exposure to 28,000 ft, the JM performed 10 weighted squats. Decompression strain was determined from ultrasound assessment of venous gas emboli (VGE) during supine rest (5-min intervals), after three unloaded knee-bends (15-min intervals) and immediately following the weighted squats. The VGE were scored using a six-graded scale (0–5).

Results
In condition H, two JM experienced decompression sickness (DCS), whereas no DCS incidents were reported in condition N. The prevalence of VGE was higher in the H than the N condition, at rest [median(range), 3(0–4) vs 0(0–3); p = 0.017], after unloaded knee-bends [3(0–4) vs 0(0–3); p = 0.014] and after the 10 weighted squats [3(0–4) vs 0(0–3); p = 0.014]. VGE were detected earlier in the H (28 ± 20 min, p = 0.018) than the N condition (50 ± 19 min).

Conclusions
A preoxygenation/altitude procedure commonly used by JM, with a 60-min exposure to 28,000 ft after pre-oxygenation for 45 min at 8200 ft is associated with high risk of DCS. The decompression strain can be reduced by preoxygenating at sea level.
Robot-assisted pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: an international Delphi study of expert users
Authors: Simoncini Tommaso , Panattoni Andrea , Aktas Mustafa , Ampe Jozef , Betschart Cornelia , Bloemendaal Alexander L. A. , Buse Stephan , Campagna Giuseppe , Caretto Marta , Cervigni Mauro , Consten Esther C. J. , Davila Hugo H. , Dubuisson Jean , Espin-Basany Eloy , Fabiani Bernardina , Faucheron Jean-Luc , Giannini Andrea , Gurland Brooke , Hahnloser Dieter , Joukhadar Ralf , Mannella Paolo , Mereu Liliana , Martellucci Jacopo , Meurette Guillaume , Montt Guevara Maria Magdalena , Ratto Carlo , O’Reilly Barry A. , Reisenauer Christl , Russo Eleonora , Schraffordt Koops Steven , Siddiqi Shahab , Sturiale Alessandro , Naldini Gabriele 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Robotic surgery has gained popularity for the reconstruction of pelvic floor defects. Nonetheless, there is no evidence that robot-assisted reconstructive surgery is either appropriate or superior to standard laparoscopy for the performance of pelvic floor reconstructive procedures or that it is sustainable. The aim of this project was to address the proper role of robotic pelvic floor reconstructive procedures using expert opinion.

Methods
We set up an international, multidisciplinary group of 26 experts to participate in a Delphi process on robotics as applied to pelvic floor reconstructive surgery. The group comprised urogynecologists, urologists, and colorectal surgeons with long-term experience in the performance of pelvic floor reconstructive procedures and with the use of the robot, who were identified primarily based on peer-reviewed publications. Two rounds of the Delphi process were conducted. The first included 63 statements pertaining to surgeons’ characteristics, general questions, indications, surgical technique, and future-oriented questions. A second round including 20 statements was used to reassess those statements where borderline agreement was obtained during the first round. The final step consisted of a face-to-face meeting with all participants to present and discuss the results of the analysis.

Results
The 26 experts agreed that robotics is a suitable indication for pelvic floor reconstructive surgery because of the significant technical advantages that it confers relative to standard laparoscopy. Experts considered these advantages particularly important for the execution of complex reconstructive procedures, although the benefits can be found also during less challenging cases. The experts considered the robot safe and effective for pelvic floor reconstruction and generally thought that the additional costs are offset by the increased surgical efficacy.

Conclusion
Robotics is a suitable choice for pelvic reconstruction, but this Delphi initiative calls for more research to objectively assess the specific settings where robotic surgery would provide the most benefit.
Two invasive Hieracium species’ potential distributions within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were defined using invasion susceptibility models and habitat typing
Authors: Guetling Christie H. , Jones Lisa C. , Strand Eva K. , Morishita Don W. , Piaskowski Julia , Prather Timothy S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvasiveHieraciumplant species are invading the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The potential distribution of orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)and meadow hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum)were estimated using habitat susceptibility models to assist land managers’ management of these invasive plants. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop models describing susceptibility of ecosystems to hawkweed invasion, (2) identify indicator species of orange hawkweed and meadow hawkweed, (3) determine habitat types where these invasive hawkweeds might occur, and (4) create habitat susceptibility maps for management planning and ground surveys. Models were developed using a Mahalanobis distance similarity technique from remotely sensed biotic and abiotic variables, as well as known location data for orange and meadow hawkweed. Ground validation was conducted to assess model weaknesses and subsequent model modification. Indicator plant species were identified as surrogates to determine the likelihood of hawkweed presence during ground survey. Transect data collected from areas susceptible to invasion also were used to determine habitat types where hawkweed might occur. The best model included eight variables: north–south aspect, east–west aspect, slope, NDVI, NDWI, blue spectral band, green spectral band, and precipitation. High susceptibility (65 + % likelihood of suitable habitat) consisted of 66,000 ha for meadow hawkweed and 35,000 ha for orange hawkweed, 5.0% and 2.7% of the study area, respectively. Meadow hawkweed and orange hawkweed had seven and three indicator plant species, respectively. Predicted hawkweed habitat susceptibility encompassed nine habitat types, ranging from xeric sagebrush steppe to wet forests and they overlapped except at the xeric habitat type. Habitat susceptibility models save costs and allow survey prioritization to those areas most susceptible to invasion.
Cellular microarrays for assessing single-cell phenotypic changes in vascular cell populations
Authors: Smith E. , Zagnoni M. , Sandison M. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroengineering technologies provide bespoke tools for single-cell studies, including microarray approaches. There are many challenges when culturing adherent single cells in confined geometries for extended periods, including the ability of migratory cells to overcome confining cell-repellent surfaces with time. Following studies suggesting clonal expansion of only a few vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) contributes to plaque formation, the investigation of vSMCs at the single-cell level is central to furthering our understanding of atherosclerosis. Herein, we present a medium throughput cellular microarray, for the tracking of single, freshly-isolated vSMCs as they undergo phenotypic modulation in vitro. Our solution facilitates long-term cell confinement (> 3 weeks) utilising novel application of surface functionalisation methods to define individual culture microwells. We demonstrate successful tracking of hundreds of native vSMCs isolated from rat aortic and carotid artery tissue, monitoring their proliferative capacity and uptake of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by live-cell microscopy. After 7 days in vitro, the majority of viable SMCs remained as single non-proliferating cells (51% aorta, 78% carotid). However, a sub-population of vSMCs demonstrated high proliferative capacity (≥ 10 progeny; 18% aorta, 5% carotid), in line with reports that a limited number of medial SMCs selectively expand to populate atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, we show that, when exposed to oxLDL, proliferative cells uptake higher levels of lipoproteins, whilst also expressing greater levels of galectin-3. Our microwell array approach enables long-term characterisation of multiple phenotypic characteristics and the identification of new cellular sub-populations in migratory, proliferative adherent cell types.
Graphical abstract
Employees Adhere More to Unethical Instructions from Human Than AI Supervisors: Complementing Experimental Evidence with Machine Learning
Authors: Lanz Lukas , Briker Roman , Gerpott Fabiola H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe role of artificial intelligence (AI) in organizations has fundamentally changed from performing routine tasks to supervising human employees. While prior studies focused on normative perceptions of such AI supervisors, employees’ behavioral reactions towards them remained largely unexplored. We draw from theories on AI aversion and appreciation to tackle the ambiguity within this field and investigate if and why employees might adhere to unethical instructions either from a human or an AI supervisor. In addition, we identify employee characteristics affecting this relationship. To inform this debate, we conducted four experiments (total N = 1701) and used two state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms (causal forest and transformers). We consistently find that employees adhere less to unethical instructions from an AI than a human supervisor. Further, individual characteristics such as the tendency to comply without dissent or age constitute important boundary conditions. In addition, Study 1 identified that the perceived mind of the supervisors serves as an explanatory mechanism. We generate further insights on this mediator via experimental manipulations in two pre-registered studies by manipulating mind between two AI (Study 2) and two human supervisors (Study 3). In (pre-registered) Study 4, we replicate the resistance to unethical instructions from AI supervisors in an incentivized experimental setting. Our research generates insights into the ‘black box’ of human behavior toward AI supervisors, particularly in the moral domain, and showcases how organizational researchers can use machine learning methods as powerful tools to complement experimental research for the generation of more fine-grained insights.
Environmental knowledge is inversely associated with climate change anxiety
Authors: Zacher Hannes , Rudolph Cort W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study tests the hypotheses that overall environmental knowledge and climate-specific knowledge are inversely related to climate change anxiety, such that people who know more (less) about the environment in general, and about climate in particular, are less (more) anxious about climate change. Time lagged data were collected from N = 2,066 individuals in Germany. Results showed that, even after controlling for demographic characteristics, personality characteristics, and environmental attitudes, overall environmental knowledge and climate-specific knowledge were negatively related to climate change anxiety (both B = -.09, p < .001).