bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in billfish vertical distribution and fishing interactions driven by environmental conditions in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Blondin H E , Haulsee D E , Logan R , Shivji M , Hoffmayer E R , Walker J H , Dean J M , Hazen E L , Crowder L B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) are ecologically important predators and valuable species throughout the world’s recreational, commercial, and subsistence fisheries. Comparing multi-species vertical habitat use can inform ecological uncertainties such as inter-species competition, as well as relative vulnerabilities to fishing activities. In this study, we identified key differences in both depth use and which environmental variables drive these selections, which highlights the variability in the catchability both as target species in recreational fisheries and bycatch in commercial fisheries. To understand these two species’ vertical habitat use, we examined depth profiles from 26 sailfish and 48 blue marlin tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags deployed in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. While both species are surface-oriented, we found evidence of vertical niche partitioning where sailfish spend more time at deeper depths than blue marlin. Blue marlin recorded an average mean depth of 18.5 m (±10.8 m) during daytime and 5.2 m (±5.5 m) at nighttime (Figure 31a), while sailfish recorded an average mean depth of 23.6 m (±11.1 m) during daytime and 6.45 m (±4.64 m) at nighttime. Generalized additive mixed models fitted to predict mean and max depth revealed sea level anomaly (SLA), oxygen, sea surface temperature, and mixed layer depth as significant predictors of vertical habitat use for both species. We also examined catch logs from three recreational fishing lodges in Central America to understand the influence of environmental conditions on billfish sightings per unit effort. For blue marlin and sailfish, SLA was a significant predictor in each of the four depth models (mean day, mean night, max day, max night). SLA was the variable with highest percent deviance explained for all four sailfish depth models and three of the four blue marlin depth models and had a positive relationship with all response variables for all four blue marlin depth models and three sailfish depth models (mean daytime, max daytime, max nighttime), where higher positive SLA values were associated with deeper depth responses.
Potential distribution and spread of Japanese beetle in Washington State
Authors: Zhu Gengping , Oeller Liesl C , Wojahn Rian , Acosta Camilo , Milnes Joshua M , Crowder David W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman, 1841) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), was first detected in southern Washington State in 2020. Widespread trapping efforts ensued, and over 23,000 individuals were collected in both 2021 and 2022 in this region known for specialty crop production. The invasion of Japanese beetle is of major concern as it feeds on over 300 plant species and has shown an ability to spread across landscapes. Here, we created a habitat suitability model for Japanese beetle in Washington and used dispersal models to forecast invasion scenarios. Our models predict that the area of current establishment occurs in a region with highly suitable habitat. Moreover, vast areas of habitat that are likely highly suitable for Japanese beetle occur in coastal areas of western Washington, with medium to highly suitable habitat in central and eastern Washington. Dispersal models suggested that the beetle could spread throughout Washington within 20 years without management, which justifies quarantine and eradication measures. Timely map-based predictions can be useful tools to guide management of invasive species while also increasing citizen engagement to invaders.
Physical Activity Engagement: Perspectives From Adolescents With Comorbid Asthma and Overweight/Obesity and Their Caregivers
Authors: Koskela-Staples Natalie C , Yourell Jacqlyn L , Fedele David A , Doty Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Most adolescents do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, and engagement rates are even lower among adolescents with asthma and overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Understanding barriers and facilitators to PA engagement that are unique to youth with comorbid asthma and OW/OB is important for PA promotion. The current qualitative study identified caregiver- and adolescent-reported factors contributing to PA among adolescents with comorbid asthma and OW/OB across the four domains of the Pediatric Self-Management Model: individual, family, community, and health care system.

Methods
Participants were 20 adolescents (Mage = 16.01; 55% male) with asthma and OW/OB and their caregiver (90% mothers). Caregivers and adolescents participated in separate semistructured interviews about influences, processes, and behaviors related to adolescent PA engagement. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Factors contributing to PA varied across four domains. The individual domain included influences (e.g., weight status, psychological and physical challenges, asthma triggers and symptoms) and behaviors (e.g., taking asthma medications, self-monitoring). At the family level, influences included support, lack of modeling, and independence; processes included prompts and praise; and behaviors included engaging in shared PA and providing resources. Community-level influences included surrounding and settings, social support, and cornonavirus disease-2019-related changes, while behaviors included engaging in PA with others and extracurricular activities.

Conclusions
Influences, processes, and behaviors across multiple domains interact to impact adolescent PA engagement, highlighting factors that may be potential leverage points in prevention and intervention efforts to promote adolescent PA.
Instrumental variables: to strengthen or not to strengthen?
Authors: Heng Siyu , Zhang Bo , Han Xu , Lorch Scott A , Small Dylan S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Instrumental variables (IVs) are extensively used to handle unmeasured confounding. However, weak IVs may cause problems. Many matched studies have considered strengthening an IV through discarding some of the sample. It is widely accepted that strengthening an IV tends to increase the power of non-parametric tests and sensitivity analyses. We re-evaluate this conventional wisdom and offer new insights. First, we evaluate the trade-off between IV strength and sample size assuming a valid IV and exhibit conditions under which strengthening an IV increases power. Second, we derive a criterion for checking the validity of a sensitivity analysis model with a continuous dose and show that the widely used Γ sensitivity analysis model, which was used to argue that strengthening an IV increases the power of sensitivity analyses in large samples, does not work for continuous IVs. Third, we quantify the bias of the Wald estimator with a possibly invalid IV and leverage it to develop a valid sensitivity analysis framework and show that strengthening an IV may or may not increase the power of sensitivity analyses. We use our framework to study the effect on premature babies of being delivered in a high technology/high volume neonatal intensive care unit.
Maximum Entropy Design by a Markov Chain Process
Authors: Tillé Yves , Panahbehagh Bardia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study an implementation of maximum entropy (ME) design utilizing a Markov chain. This design, which is also called the conditional Poisson sampling design, is difficult to implement. We first present a new method for calculating the weights associated with conditional Poisson sampling. Then, we study a very simple method of random exchanges of units, which allows switching from one sample to another. This exchange system defines an irreducible and aperiodic Markov chain whose ME design is the stationary distribution. The design can be implemented without enumerating all possible samples. By repeating the exchange process a large number of times, it is possible to select a sample that respects the design. The process is simple to implement, and its convergence rate has been investigated theoretically and by simulation, which led to promising results.
PNOC015: Repeated convection-enhanced delivery of MTX110 (aqueous panobinostat) in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Mueller Sabine , Kline Cassie , Stoller Schuyler , Lundy Shannon , Christopher Lauren , Reddy Alyssa T , Banerjee Anu , Cooney Tabitha M , Raber Shannon , Hoffman Carly , Luks Tracy , Wembacher-Schroeder Eva , Lummel Nina , Zhang Yalan , Bonner Erin R , Nazarian Javad , Molinaro Annette M , Prados Michael , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Gupta Nalin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability, and distribution of MTX110 (aqueous panobinostat) delivered by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) who completed focal radiation therapy (RT).

Methods
Patients with DIPG (2–21 years) were enrolled after RT. CED of MTX110 combined with gadoteridol was completed across 7 dose levels (DL) (30–90 µM; volumes ranging from 3 mL to 2 consecutive doses of 6 mL). An accelerated dose escalation design was used. Distribution of infusate was monitored with real-time MR imaging. Repeat CED was performed every 4–8 weeks. Quality-of-life (QoL) assessments were obtained at baseline, every 3 months on therapy, and end of therapy.

Results
Between May 2018 and March 2020, 7 patients who received a total of 48 CED infusions, were enrolled (median age 8 years, range 5–21). Three patients experienced dose-limited toxicities. Four grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed. Most toxicities were transient new or worsening neurologic function. Median overall survival (OS) was 26.1 months (95% confidence interval: 14.8–not reached). Progression-free survival was 4–14 months (median, 7). Cumulative percentage of tumor coverage for combined CED infusions per patient ranged from 35.6% to 81.0%. Increased CED infusions were negatively associated with self-reported QoL assessments.

Conclusion
Repeat CED of MTX110 with real-time imaging with gadoteridol is tolerable for patients with DIPG. Median OS of 26.1 months compares favorably with historical data for children with DIPG. The results support further investigation of this strategy in a larger cohort.
Externalizing traits: Shared causalities for COVID-19 and Alzheimer's dementia using Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Haotian , Cao Mingyang , Xi Yingjun , Cao Weijie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Meng Xiaoni , Zheng Deqiang , Wu Lijuan , Wang Wei , Liu Di , Wang Youxin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Externalizing traits have been related with the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD); however, whether these associations are causal remains unknown. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach with more than 200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for externalizing traits to explore the causal associations of externalizing traits with the risk of COVID-19 (infected COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19, and severe COVID-19) or AD based on the summary data. The inverse variance–weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the main effect, followed by several sensitivity analyses. IVW analysis showed significant associations of externalizing traits with COVID-19 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.456, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.224–1.731), hospitalized COVID-19 (OR = 1.970, 95% CI = 1.374–2.826), and AD (OR = 1.077, 95% CI = 1.037–1.119). The results were consistent using weighted median (WM), penalized weighted median (PWM), MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS), and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Our findings assist in exploring the causal effect of externalizing traits on the pathophysiology of infection and severe infection of COVID-19 and AD. Furthermore, our study provides evidence that shared externalizing traits underpin the two diseases.
Generalized optical theorem
Authors: Takayanagi Kazuo , Kurino Mao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present the generalized optical theorem and its applications with special emphasis on the roles of bound states. First, we prove the theorem which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a function $\langle {\boldsymbol {k}}^{\prime } | T | {\boldsymbol {k}} \rangle$ of two variables ${\boldsymbol {k}}^{\prime }$ and ${\boldsymbol {k}}$ to be physically acceptable as a half-on-shell T-matrix, i.e., to have an underlying Hermitian potential V. Secondly, using the theorem, we construct a scattering theory starting from a physically acceptable half-on-shell T-matrix $\langle {\boldsymbol {k}}^{\prime } | T | {\boldsymbol {k}} \rangle$, which in turn introduces a very useful classification scheme of Hermitian potentials. In the end, as an application of our theory, we present the most general solution of the inverse scattering problem with numerical examples.
The State of American Federalism 2022–2023: Escalating Culture Wars in the States
Authors: Bromley-Trujillo Rebecca , Nolette Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
American federalism in 2022–2023 saw a continued escalation of the culture wars, with persistent battles fought between the heavily polarized political parties, different levels of government (including federal versus state governments and state versus local governments), and between states and private business. Policy conflicts have centered on a variety of issues related to reproductive rights, K-12 education, and gun policy, among others. This overview of American federalism during the last year proceeds by first considering major policy activity in Congress, much of which holds significant implications for federalism. Next, we discuss the 2022 midterm elections and the dynamics that largely prevented what many expected to be a “red wave”. We then move to discuss significant policy shifts in the areas of civil rights and liberties, environmental policy, and labor, with an emphasis on state policymaking and court decisions. A central theme has been the intensification of cultural disputes as a policymaking focus, particularly at the state level.
Trading Nontradables: The Implications of Europe’s Job-Posting Policy
Authors: Muñoz Mathilde 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the labor market implications of the EU posting policy, a large temporary migration program facilitated by the liberalization of the free provision of services in Europe. Posting allows EU firms to send (post) their employees abroad to export customer-facing services. Combining administrative data and quasi-experimental policy variation, I find that the policy permanently increased total factor mobility in Europe without crowding out traditional migration. This result suggests that unrealized gains from trade in factor services remained despite the absence of regulatory barriers to trade and migration in the EU. Furthermore, posted workers are mostly sent from low-wage countries to perform manual tasks in sectors formerly insulated from trade, and they represent a substantial share of EU migrant workers. In receiving countries, posting had persistent negative effects on employment for domestic workers in the more exposed sectors and local labor markets, but it had no effects on domestic wages. In low-wage sending countries, firms in formerly “nontradable” sectors experienced increased sales, profits, and tax payments when exporting services through posting. Posted workers earn more once sent abroad but remain paid at lower wages than comparable domestic workers in the receiving country. Wage gains for posted workers are mostly explained by minimum wages enforced by the EU policy, highlighting the role of labor market regulations in shaping the way gains from globalization are shared between labor and capital owners in origin countries.
Assessment of uncertainties in threshold doses for tissue reactions following acute external radiation exposure
Authors: Osovets Sergey V , Azizova Tamara V , Moseeva Maria B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to estimate threshold doses and their uncertainties for some human health effects after short-term high dose-rate radiation exposure by quantile technique and the effective dose threshold technique based on distribution functions. The relative uncertainty (U) of the threshold dose was estimated using the error propagation technique. The quantile technique provided statistically significant estimates of threshold doses for acute radiation syndrome onset (0.44 ± 0.12 Gy, U = 143%) and lethality (1.84 ± 0.44 Gy, U = 117%) but relative uncertainties were high. The effective threshold dose technique provided statistically significant and more precise threshold dose estimates for acute radiation syndrome onset (0.73 ± 0.02 Gy, U = 18%) and lethality (6.83 ± 0.08 Gy, U = 36%), as well as agranulocytosis (3.51 ± 0.03 Gy, U = 16%) and vomiting onset in the prodromal period (1.54 ± 0.02 Gy, U = 16%). Threshold doses estimated for the change in the peripheral blood neutrophil and leukocyte counts during the first days after short-term high dose-rate radiation exposure were not statistically significant.
Cystin is required for maintaining fibrocystin (FPC) levels and safeguarding proteome integrity in mouse renal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Yiming J. , Yang Chaozhe , Wang Wei , Harafuji Naoe , Stasiak Piotr , Bell P. Darwin , Caldovic Ljubica , Sztul Elizabeth , Guay‐Woodford Lisa M. , Bebok Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is caused primarily by mutations in PKHD1, encoding fibrocystin (FPC), but Pkhd1 mutant mice failed to reproduce the human phenotype. In contrast, the renal lesion in congenital polycystic kidney (cpk) mice, with a mutation in Cys1 and cystin protein loss, closely phenocopies ARPKD. Although the nonhomologous mutation diminished the translational relevance of the cpk model, recent identification of patients with CYS1 mutations and ARPKD prompted the investigations described herein. We examined cystin and FPC expression in mouse models (cpk, rescued‐cpk (r‐cpk), Pkhd1 mutants) and mouse cortical collecting duct (CCD) cell lines (wild type (wt), cpk). We found that cystin deficiency caused FPC loss in both cpk kidneys and CCD cells. FPC levels increased in r‐cpk kidneys and siRNA of Cys1 in wt cells reduced FPC. However, FPC deficiency in Pkhd1 mutants did not affect cystin levels. Cystin deficiency and associated FPC loss impacted the architecture of the primary cilium, but not ciliogenesis. No reduction in Pkhd1 mRNA levels in cpk kidneys and CCD cells suggested posttranslational FPC loss. Studies of cellular protein degradation systems suggested selective autophagy as a mechanism. In support of the previously described function of FPC in E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, we demonstrated reduced polyubiquitination and elevated levels of functional epithelial sodium channel in cpk cells. Therefore, our studies expand the function of cystin in mice to include inhibition of Myc expression via interaction with necdin and maintenance of FPC as functional component of the NEDD4 E3 ligase complexes. Loss of FPC from E3 ligases may alter the cellular proteome, contributing to cystogenesis through multiple, yet to be defined, mechanisms.
Communicating Emotion: Vocal Expression of Linguistic and Emotional Prosody in Children With Mild to Profound Hearing Loss Compared With That of Normal Hearing Peers
Authors: de Jong Tjeerd J. , Hakkesteegt Marieke M. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Vroegop Jantien L. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Emotional prosody is known to play an important role in social communication. Research has shown that children with cochlear implants (CCIs) may face challenges in their ability to express prosody, as their expressions may have less distinct acoustic contrasts and therefore may be judged less accurately. The prosody of children with milder degrees of hearing loss, wearing hearing aids, has sparsely been investigated. More understanding of the prosodic expression by children with hearing loss, hearing aid users in particular, could create more awareness among healthcare professionals and parents on limitations in social communication, which awareness may lead to more targeted rehabilitation. This study aimed to compare the prosodic expression potential of children wearing hearing aids (CHA) with that of CCIs and children with normal hearing (CNH).

Design:
In this prospective experimental study, utterances of pediatric hearing aid users, cochlear implant users, and CNH containing emotional expressions (happy, sad, and angry) were recorded during a reading task. Of the utterances, three acoustic properties were calculated: fundamental frequency (F0), variance in fundamental frequency (SD of F0), and intensity. Acoustic properties of the utterances were compared within subjects and between groups.

Results:
A total of 75 children were included (CHA: 26, CCI: 23, and CNH: 26). Participants were between 7 and 13 years of age. The 15 CCI with congenital hearing loss had received the cochlear implant at median age of 8 months. The acoustic patterns of emotions uttered by CHA were similar to those of CCI and CNH. Only in CCI, we found no difference in F0 variation between happiness and anger, although an intensity difference was present. In addition, CCI and CHA produced poorer happy–sad contrasts than did CNH.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that on a fundamental, acoustic level, both CHA and CCI have a prosodic expression potential that is almost on par with normal hearing peers. However, there were some minor limitations observed in the prosodic expression of these children, it is important to determine whether these differences are perceptible to listeners and could affect social communication. This study sets the groundwork for more research that will help us fully understand the implications of these findings and how they may affect the communication abilities of these children. With a clearer understanding of these factors, we can develop effective ways to help improve their communication skills.
Intraocular Inflammation Incidence Following Intravitreal Brolucizumab Injection for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Pakravan Parastou , Patel Veshesh , Lai James , Shaheen Abdulla , Kalahasty Karthik , Reyes-Capo Daniela P. , Chau Viet , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Haddock Luis J. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Smiddy William E. , Kovach Jaclyn L. , Sridhar Jayanth , Flynn Harry W. , Albini Thomas A. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
We evaluated the clinical outcomes of Intraocular inflammation (IOI) of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) injected with brolucizumab in our tertiary referral center.

Methods:
A retrospective case series for which clinical records of all eyes that received intravitreal brolucizumab at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between December 1, 2019, and April 1, 2021 were reviewed.

Results:
There were 345 eyes of 278 patients who received 801 brolucizumab injections. IOI was detected in 16 eyes of 13 patients (4.6%). In those patients, baseline logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.32

0.2 (20/42), while it was 0.58

0.3 (20/76) at IOI presentation. The mean number of injections among eyes experiencing IOI was 2.4, and the interval between the last brolucizumab injection and IOI presentation was 20 days. There were no known case of retinal vasculitis. Management of IOI included topical steroids in 7 eyes (54%), topical and systemic steroids in 5 eyes (38%), and observation in one eye (8%). BCVA returned to baseline and inflammation resolved in all eyes by last follow-up examination.

Conclusions:
Intraocular inflammation following brolucizumab injection for neovascular AMD was not uncommon. Inflammation resolved in all eyes by last follow-up visit.