bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of clinico-epidemiological profile of Hepatocellular carcinoma in the last two decades
Authors: Ali Ahmed Abdel Kareem , Gamal Salah El , Anwar Rokiah , Elzahaf Eman , Eskandere Dina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents 85%—90% of primary liver tumors; it represents the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death all over the world. There is a growing incidence of HCC worldwide and similarly, the incidence of HCC has almost doubled over the last decade in Egypt.

Aim of the work
To assess clinico-epidemiological character of HCC in the last two decades and to compare between the first and second decade regarding these characters.

Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 497 HCC patients’ data collected from Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department from 1999 to 2019, HCC patients were classified into 1st decade (from 1999 to 2009) and 2nd decade (2010 – 2019). Diagnosis of HCC was based on clinical, laboratory, (AFP), and radiological examinations (The abdominal US and triphasic CT scan).

Results
The study revealed that the average age of HCC cases was 57 years, the majority of these were males (88%), residents in rural areas (70%), about one-fourth of them, were smokers (26.4%), DM was present in 14% of these while only 7% were hypertension. Thirty presents (30%) of them were represented by ascites and (20%) by hepatic encephalopathy of different grades. The majority of HCC patients (92.2%) have HCV Abs positive. HBS Ag was positive in 2.4% while mixed infection (HCV Abs + ve and HBS Ag + ve) was in 2% of patients only. The median level of AFP was 300 ng/ml.
The severity of underlying chronic liver disease was assessed by the Child–Pugh score the mean score was 7.5 (from 6–11) and the MELD score (the mean score was 18.8 (from 6–29).
Regarding tumor characteristics, HCC mass was located in the Right lobe of the liver in (63.8%), in the left lobe in (26.6%) and both lobes were affected in 9.6%. A single focal hepatic lesion was detected in about 60% of patients, 3 focal lesions in about 20%, and two focal lesions or multifocal HCC in the remaining percent. The median size of the largest tumor’s diameter was 5 cm by the US and 5.3 cm by the triphasic CT. PVT, vascular invasion, LN, and distant metastasis were detected in (35.6%), (40%), (40%) and (54%) of patients respectively. In less than one-third of HCC cases, the tumors were within Milan criteria (30%).

Conclusion
The 1st decade showed a significantly higher frequency of patients presented with marked splenomegaly and splenectomy, while the second decade showed a significantly higher frequency in patients who reside in rural areas. Higher frequency of DM, advanced hepatic encephalopathy grade III/ IV, and unfortunately more aggressive tumors with PVT, vascular invasion, LN metastasis, and distant metastasis were detected in the 2nd decade.
Reducing Avoidable Emergency Visits and Hospitalizations With Patient Risk-Based Prescriptive Analytics: A Quality Improvement Project at an Oncology Care Model Practice
Authors: Gajra Ajeet , Jeune-Smith Yolaine , Balanean Alexandrina , Miller Kelly A. , Bergman Danielle , Showalter John , Page Ray 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE: Cancer-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations that would have been appropriately managed in the outpatient setting are avoidable and detrimental to patients and health systems. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to leverage patient risk-based prescriptive analytics at a community oncology practice to reduce avoidable acute care use (ACU). METHODS: Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology, we implemented the Jvion Care Optimization and Recommendation Enhancement augmented intelligence (AI) tool at an Oncology Care Model (OCM) practice, the Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders practice. We applied continuous machine learning to predict risk of preventable harm (avoidable ACU) and generated patient-specific recommendations that nurses implemented to avert it. RESULTS: Patient-centric interventions included medication/dosage changes, laboratory tests/imaging, physical/occupational/psychologic therapy referral, palliative care/hospice referral, and surveillance/observation. Nurses contacted patients every 1-2 weeks after initial outreach to assess and maintain adherence to recommended interventions. Per 100 unique OCM patients, monthly ED visits dropped from 13.7 to 11.5 (18%), a sustained month-over-month improvement. Quarterly admissions dropped from 19.5 to 17.1 (13%), a sustained quarter-over-quarter improvement. Overall, the practice realized potential annual savings of $2.8 million US dollars (USD) on avoidable ACU. CONCLUSION: The AI tool has enabled nurse case managers to identify and resolve critical clinical issues and reduce avoidable ACU. Effects on outcomes can be inferred from the reduction; targeting short-term interventions toward patients most at-risk translates to better long-term care and outcomes. QI projects involving predictive modeling of patient risk, prescriptive analytics, and nurse outreach may reduce ACU.
Narrative in Economics: A New Turn on the Past
Authors: Morgan Mary S. , Stapleford Thomas A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Narratives have drawn increasing attention from economists and from historians and philosophers of science. Yet little of that attention has made it into the history of economics itself. This essay reviews some of the salient literature on economic narratives and introduces key themes from a 2021 workshop intended to bring that analysis to bear within the history of economics. Four important, but little noticed, functions of narratives emerging from that workshop are highlighted: exploration, explanation, closure, and reopening; and promising areas for future research on the multiple roles of narrative in the history of economic practice are suggested.
Marking Time: Marshall's Search for Narrative Explanatory Coherence
Authors: Maas Harro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is well known that Marshall had great difficulty in organizing his work after the Principles. The promised second volume never came, and for the books that eventually were published, Industry and Trade (1919) and Money, Credit, and Commerce (1923), Marshall was at pains to find the right mode of expression for his research. In the introduction to the Principles, Marshall had explained his reliance on partial equilibrium analysis and, more generally, ceteris paribus reasoning as the natural method of the economist, for which his method of diagrams was an excellent fit. But already while working on his Principles Marshall had moved closer to economic history. In a letter of June 1879 to Jevons, he had praised Jevons's statistical work as an important step in “‘real’-ising” the abstract theories of economists, in which he promised to follow suit. However, while Jevons tried to flesh out mathematical relations that captured the economic causalities hidden in statistical data, Marshall started to explore a different strategy, a strategy that explains his criticism of “mathematico-statistics” and the waning away of his initial enthusiasm for the method of diagrams as an engine of discovery. Instead of relying on the ceteris paribus method, which would examine one causal factor at a time, Marshall searched for an approach that captured the causalities in the economy as an encompassing whole. A shorthand for this approach is his famous epigraph to Industry and Trade: “The many in the one, the one in the many.” Moving away from the opposition between abstract theory and economic facts, Marshall tried to develop a strategy that mediates between the generic categories of the economist and the specific events of history that are the domain of the economic historian. In contrast with the ceteris paribus strategy Marshall embraced in his Principles, in which an incomplete analysis is improved by adding causal factors, Marshall explored what this article calls a narrative strategy, in which he tried to work out how to integrate a manifold of heterogeneous causal factors into a unified whole, thus providing causal coherence to a complete chronology of events. The purpose of my contribution to this issue is to explore the development and substance of this narrative strategy. This article will use Jevons's and Marshall's different cartographies of time as an entry point to understand Marshall's narrative take on the causal explanation of the facts of history.
“Marco Polo Economics” and Narrative in the NBER Soviet Growth Study
Authors: Kuehn Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In his 1962 NBER volume, The Growth of Industrial Production in the Soviet Union, Warren Nutter writes about how the study of the Soviet economy was hamstrung by official secrecy and data limitations. Western economists were forced to rely on what Nutter called “Marco Polo economics” or “travelers' tales” to replace or interpret quantitative data. Nutter's book is littered with these tales of Soviet economic activity from Soviet émigrés, foreign visitors, and reports of Soviet citizens. The tales provide a narrative grounding for The Growth of Industrial Production in the Soviet Union by outlining the flow of data through the Soviet statistical bureaucracy, establishing the strengths and limitations of Soviet data, and aiding in the interpretation of difficult-to-measure concepts such as product quality and military production.
Resisting Narrative Closure: The Comparative and Historical Imagination of Evsey Domar
Authors: Anand Ibanca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the peculiar approach to narrative argumentation taken by the MIT economist Evsey Domar (1914–97). Combining biography and textual analysis of his academic work reveals that Cold War themes permeated Domar's later research in comparative economic systems, Soviet economics, and economic history—and yet, Domar employed these themes in ways that challenge traditional understandings of postwar American social science. Against the heady partisanship and epistemic self-confidence that characterized his milieu, Domar offered conclusions that emphasized ambiguity, complexity, and open-endedness. He achieved this, the article argues, by thinking not only comparatively but also historically and speculatively. This article takes a journey through a number of Domar's historical and speculative narratives to demonstrate that what Domar was ultimately doing in many of his works was resisting normative, literary, and scientific closure.
Economists as Storytellers: Scenario Drafting at the International Monetary Fund
Authors: Lenel Laetitia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article explores the history of scenario drafting at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the 1970s and 1980s. Introduced in the late 1970s, scenarios were used to compare, assess, and illustrate the assumed effects of different policy actions or inactions. They provided alternative versions of a hypothetical future, derived from the research staff's narrative reasoning by which the IMF researchers stitched together qualitative and quantitative assessments, macroeconomic theories, and policy preferences, and presented an instrument to guide policymaking in member countries. The article points to four different functions of narrative in economic reasoning: as a sense-making technology, as a tool of persuasion, to fill in gaps and correct quantitative reasoning, and to link alternative policy measures to changes in parameters and variable inputs in complex econometric models. And yet, by focusing on the often-futile consultations with the United States, the article also highlights the limits of narrative. The article challenges Robert Shiller's description of the spread of an economic narrative as a “random event,” pointing instead to economists' role as storytellers.
Fertility and Media Narratives of the Economy: Evidence From Italian News Coverage
Authors: Guetto Raffaele , Morabito Maria Francesca , Vollbracht Matthias , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe argue that media-conveyed economic narratives are crucial for understanding contemporary fertility dynamics, net of objective economic constraints. Individuals use these narratives to project themselves into an actionable imagined future and make decisions that may be relatively independent from their actual economic situation. We test this hypothesis for Italy by combining individual-level data from the 2009 and 2016 releases of the nationally representative Family and Social Subjects Survey with Media Tenor data on the coverage of the economy in the evening newscast of Italian TV's most-viewed channel (Rai 1). Our findings reveal that both the incidence and tone of news reports on the state of the economy are associated with fertility behavior. An increase in the number of negative economic news items is negatively associated with fertility, whereas an increase in positive items is positively correlated with fertility. Interestingly, when positive news items outnumber negative ones, an increase in the share of economic reports is positively associated with fertility. These associations are statistically significant and substantially relevant, net of traditional individual and contextual socioeconomic fertility correlates. Overall, our findings bolster the claim that media-conveyed narratives of the economy influence fertility behaviors.
EARLY OUTCOMES AFTER ADOPTION OF THE DIRECT ANTERIOR APPROACH FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Pawloy K. , Sargeant H.W. , Smith K.A. , Rankin I. , Talukdar P. , Hancock S. , Munro C. 
Published: March 2023

Our unit historically performed total hip replacement (THR) through either posterior or anterolateral approaches. In November 2020 a group of 5 consultants transitioned to utilising the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA). Appropriate training was undertaken and cases were performed as dual consultant procedures with intraoperative radiography or robotic assistance.Outcomes were collated prospectively. These included basic demographics, intraoperative details, complication rates and Oxford Hip Scores.A total of 48 patients underwent DAA THR over 1 year. Mean age was 67 and ASA 2. Over this time period 140 posterior approach and 137 anterolateral approach THR's were performed with available data. Propensity score matching was performed on a 1:1 basis using BMI, Age, Sex and ASA as covariates to generate a matched cohort group of conventional approach THR (n=37)Length of stay was significantly reduced at 1.95 days (p<0.001) with DAA compared to Anterolateral and Posterior approach. There was no significant difference with length of surgery, blood loss, Infection, dislocation and periprosthetic fracture rate. There was no significant difference in Oxford Hip Score between any approach at 3 months or 1 year.The transition to this approach has not made a negative impact despite its associated steep learning curve, and has improved efficiency in elective surgery. From our experience we would suggest those changing to this approach receive appropriate training in a high-volume centre, and perform cases as dual consultant procedures.
Comparing the nutritional composition of foods and beverages in the Canadian Nutrient File to a large representative database of Canadian prepackaged foods and beverages
Authors: Bernstein Jodi T. , Christoforou Anthea K. , Flexner Nadia , L’Abbe Mary R. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Nutrient information used to code dietary intakes in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) may not be reflective of the current Canadian food supply and could result in inaccurate evaluations of nutrient exposures.

Objective
To compare the nutritional compositions of foods in the CCHS 2015 Food and Ingredient Details (FID) file (n = 2,785) to a large representative Canadian database of branded food and beverage products (Food Label Information Program, FLIP) collected in 2017 (n = 20,625).

Method
Food products in the FLIP database were matched to equivalent generic foods from the FID file to create new aggregate food profiles based on FLIP nutrient data. Mann Whitney U tests were used to compare nutrient compositions between the FID and FLIP food profiles.

Results
In most food categories and nutrients there were no statistically significant differences between the FLIP and FID food profiles. Nutrients with the largest differences included: saturated fats (n = 9 of 21 categories), fiber (n = 7), cholesterol (n = 6), and total fats (n = 4). The meats and alternatives category had the most nutrients with significant differences.

Conclusion
These results can be used to prioritize future updates and collections of food composition databases, while also providing insights for interpreting CCHS 2015 nutrient intakes.
Workload and emerging challenges of community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Astale Tigist , Abebe Tsegereda , Mitike Getnet 
Published: March 2023

Background
Community health workers (CHWs) play an important role in improving access to health services to a broader population; particularly to communities living in remote areas. However, the productivity of CHWs is affected by the workload they have. We aimed to summarize and present CHWs’ perceived workload in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). A search strategy customized for the three electronic databases was developed using the two key terms of the review (CHWs and workload). Primary studies conducted in LMICs that explicitly measured workload of CHWs and published in English were included, without date restrictions. Methodological quality of the articles was assessed by two reviewers independently using mixed-methods appraisal tool. We applied a convergent integrated approach to synthesize the data. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42021291133.

Results
Of 632 unique records, 44 met our inclusion criteria, and 43 (20 qualitative, 13 mixed-methods, and 10 quantitative studies) passed the methodological quality assessment and were included in this review. In 97.7% (n = 42) of the articles, CHWs reported that they have a high workload. Having multiple tasks was the most commonly reported subcomponent of workload, followed by lack of transport; which was reported in 77.6% (n = 33) and 25.6% (n = 11) of the articles respectively.

Conclusion
CHWs in LMICs reported that they have a high workload; mainly related to having to manage multiple tasks and the lack of transport to access households. Program managers need to make careful consideration when additional tasks are shifted to CHWs and the practicability to be performed in the environment they work in. Further research is also required to make a comprehensive measure of the workload of CHWs in LMICs.
Non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety and depression in lung cancer patients’ informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Fang , Lee Eunice , Shin Joosun , Lee Shin-Young 
Published: March 2023

Background
Lung cancer is one of the common cancers and the leading cause of death. Tremendous caregiving burden of informal caregivers of lung cancer causes psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Interventions for informal caregivers of patients with lung cancer to improve their psychological health, which ultimately leads to patients’ positive health outcomes, are crucial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to: 1) evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on the outcomes of depression and anxiety for lung cancer patients’ informal caregivers; and 2) compare the effects of interventions with differing characteristics (i.e. intervention types, mode of contact, and group versus individual delivery).

Methods
Four databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria for the articles were peer-reviewed non-pharmacological intervention studies on depression and anxiety in lung cancer patients’ informal caregivers published between January 2010 and April 2022. Systematic review procedures were followed. Data analysis of related studies was conducted using the Review Manager Version 5.4 software. Intervention effect sizes and studies’ heterogeneity were calculated.

Results
Eight studies from our search were eligible for inclusion. Regarding total effect for the caregivers’ levels of anxiety and depression, results revealed evidence for significant moderate effects of intervention on anxiety (SMD -0.44; 95% CI, -0.67, -0.21; p = 0.0002) and depression (SMD -0.46; 95% CI, -0.74, -0.18; p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses for both anxiety and depression of informal caregivers revealed moderate to high significant effects for specific intervention types (cognitive behavioral and mindfulness combined with psycho-education interventions), mode of contact (telephone-based interventions), and group versus individual delivery.

Conclusion
This review provides evidence that cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based, telephone-based, individual or group-based interventions were effective for informal caregivers of lung cancer patients. Further research is needed to develop the most effective intervention contents and delivery methods across informal caregivers with larger sample size in randomized controlled trials.
Trends in cigarette consumption across the United States, with projections to 2035
Authors: Leas Eric C. , Trinidad Dennis R. , Pierce John P. , McMenamin Sara B. , Messer Karen 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
To make projections of cigarette consumption that incorporate state-specific trends in smoking behaviors, assess the potential for states to reach an ideal target, and identify State-specific targets for cigarette consumption.

Methods
We used 70 years (1950–2020) of annual state-specific estimates of per capita cigarette consumption (expressed as packs per capita or “ppc”) from the Tax Burden on Tobacco reports (N = 3550). We summarized trends within each state by linear regression models and the variation in rates across states by the Gini coefficient. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were used to make state-specific forecasts of ppc from 2021 through 2035.

Results
Since 1980, the average rate of decline in US per capita cigarette consumption was 3.3% per year, but rates of decline varied considerably across US states (SD = 1.1% per year). The Gini coefficient showed growing inequity in cigarette consumption across US states. After reaching its lowest level in 1984 (Gini = 0.09), the Gini coefficient began increasing by 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5%, 3.1%) per year from 1985 to 2020 and is projected to continue to increase by 48.1% (95% PI = 35.3%, 64.2%) from 2020 to 2035 (Gini = 0.35; 95% PI: 0.32, 0.39). Forecasts from ARIMA models suggested that only 12 states have a realistic chance (≥50%) of reaching very low levels of per capita cigarette consumption (≤13 ppc) by 2035, but that all US states have opportunity to make some progress.

Conclusion
While ideal targets may be out of reach for most US states within the next decade, every US state has the potential to lower its per capita cigarette consumption, and our identification of more realistic targets may provide a helpful incentive.