bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer Screening Using Clinical Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography and Energy-Integrating-Detector Computed Tomography: A Prospective Patient Study
Authors: Inoue Akitoshi , Johnson Tucker F. , Walkoff Lara A. , Levin David L. , Hartman Thomas E. , Burke Kristin A. , Rajendran Kishore , Yu Lifeng , McCollough Cynthia H. , Fletcher Joel G. 
Published: December 2022

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic quality of photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) in patients undergoing lung cancer screening compared with conventional energy-integrating detector (EID) CT in a prospective multireader study.

Materials
Patients undergoing lung cancer screening with conventional EID-CT were prospectively enrolled and scanned on a PCD-CT system using similar automatic exposure control settings and reconstruction kernels. Three thoracic radiologists blinded to CT system compared PCD-CT and EID-CT images and scored examinations using a 5-point Likert comparison score (−2 [left image is worse] to +2 [left image is better]) for artifacts, sharpness, image noise, diagnostic image quality, emphysema visualization, and lung nodule evaluation focusing on the border. Post hoc correction of Likert scores was performed such that they reflected PCD-CT performance in comparison to EID-CT. A nonreader radiologist measured objective image noise.

Results
Thirty-three patients (mean, 66.9 ± 5.6 years; 11 female; body mass index; 30.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were enrolled. Mean volume CT dose index for PCD-CT was lower (0.61 ± 0.21 vs 0.73 ± 0.22; P < 0.001). Pooled reader results showed significant differences between imaging modalities for all comparative rankings (P < 0.001), with PCD-CT favored for sharpness, image noise, image quality, and emphysema visualization and lung nodule border, but not artifacts. Photon-counting detector CT had significantly lower image noise (74.4 ± 10.5 HU vs 80.1 ± 8.6 HU; P = 0.048).

Conclusions
Photon-counting detector CT with similar acquisition and reconstruction settings demonstrated improved image quality and less noise despite lower radiation dose, with improved ability to depict pulmonary emphysema and lung nodule borders compared with EID-CT at low-dose lung cancer CT screening.
Comparative genomics and integrated system biology approach unveiled undirected phylogeny patterns, mutational hot spots, functional patterns and molecule repurposing for monkey pox virus
Authors: Singhvi Nirjara , Talwar Chandni , Mahanta Utkarsha , Kaur Jasvinder , Mondal Krishnendu , Ahmad Nabeel , Singh Inderjeet , Sharma Gaurav , Gupta Vipin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMonkeypox is a viral zoonosis with symptoms that are reminiscent to those experienced in previous smallpox cases. GSAID databases (Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data) was used to assess 630 genomes of MPXV. Six primary clades were inferred from the phylogenetic study, coupled with a lesser percentage in radiating clades. Individual clades that make up various nationalities may have formed as a result of a particular SNP hotspot type, which may have mutated in a particular population type.The most significant mutation, based on a mutational hotspot analysis, was found at G3729A and G5143A. The gene ORF138, which encodes the Ankyrin repeat (ANK) protein, was found to have the most mutations. This protein is known to mediate molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions. It was shown that 243 host proteins interacted with 10 monkeypox proteins identified as the hub proteins E3, SPI2, C5, K7, E8, G6, N2, B14, CRMB, and A41 through 262 direct connections. The interaction with chemokine system-related proteins provides further evidence that the human protein is being suppressed by the monkey pox virus in order to facilitate its survival against innate immunity.A few FDA-approved molecules were likely used as possible inhibitors after being researched for blocking F13, a significant envelope protein on the membrane of extracellular versions of virus. A total of 2500 putative ligands were docked individually with the F13 protein. The F13 protein and these molecules’ interaction may help prevent the monkey pox virus from spreading. As a result, after being confirmed by experiments, these putative inhibitors might have an impact on the activity of these proteins and be utilised in monkeypox treatments.
Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in Northern India: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Singh Shivam , Basera Pragati , Agarwal Preeti , Arya Amit , Ali Wahid , Rohatgi Kopal , Ozair Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) affect 2-3% of the global population with both conditions having unclear pathophysiology. Little data exists from South Asia examining the association between these conditions and the disturbances in thyroid profile and vitamin-D status.ObjectiveThis study sought to characterize the association between these conditions and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) levels, from a resource-limited setting in India.MethodsThe present work was a prospective, multi-arm, case-control study conducted and reported in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Children with ASD, children with ID, and age-and-sex matched healthy controls, attending the outpatient clinics of pediatrics and psychiatry in Northern India were included. Primary outcomes were serum TSH and 25(OH)D3 levels, which were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and compared using ANOVA.ResultsA total of 45 children were included of which 15 had ASD, 30 with ID, and 30 were controls. There were 44 males and 31 females, with a mean age of 7.01±2.77 years. Mean±SD levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in ASD (9.53±4.93 IU/mL) and ID (14.39±5.99 IU/mL) compared to healthy controls (16.37±10.68 IU/mL) [p=0.032]. Mean±SD levels of TSH were similar in ASD (2.65±1.96), ID (2.47±2.03), and controls (2.19±1.42), with no significant difference [F-value=0.37; P=0.69]. 8% (N=6/75) of the participants had a raised TSH level.ConclusionIn conclusion, children with ASD and ID have significantly lower vitamin D3 levels compared to healthy controls. High-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate the therapeutic impact of early-life vitamin D supplementation in these indications.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) affect 2-3% of the global population with both conditions having multiple etiologies. Little data exists from South Asia examining the association between these conditions and the disturbances in thyroid profile and vitamin-D status. This study aimed to explore the association between these conditions and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) levels, from a resource-limited setting in India. For this, 15 children with ASD, 30 with ID and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Their serum TSH and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were measured and compared. It was found that children with ASD and ID have significantly lower vitamin D3 levels compared to healthy controls, while levels of serum TSH were similar. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to explore the therapeutic impact of early-life vitamin D supplementation in ASD and ID.
How Does ChatGPT Perform on the Medical Licensing Exams? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment
Authors: Gilson Aidan , Safranek Conrad , Huang Thomas , Socrates Vimig , Chi Ling , Taylor R. Andrew , Chartash David 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundChatGPT is a 175 billion parameter natural language processing model which can generate conversation style responses to user input.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on questions within the scope of United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 exams, as well as analyze responses for user interpretability.MethodsWe used two novel sets of multiple choice questions to evaluate ChatGPT’s performance, each with questions pertaining to Step 1 and Step 2. The first was derived from AMBOSS, a commonly used question bank for medical students, which also provides statistics on question difficulty and the performance on an exam relative to the userbase. The second, was the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Free 120-question exams. After prompting ChatGPT with each question, ChatGPT’s selected answer was recorded, and the text output evaluated across three qualitative metrics: logical justification of the answer selected, presence of information internal to the question, and presence of information external to the question.ResultsOn the four datasets, AMBOSS-Step1, AMBOSS-Step2, NBME-Free-Step1, and NBMEFree-Step2, ChatGPT achieved accuracies of 44%, 42%, 64.4%, and 57.8%. The model demonstrated a significant decrease in performance as question difficulty increased (P=.012) within the AMBOSSStep1 dataset. We found logical justification for ChatGPT’s answer selection was present in 100% of outputs. Internal information to the question was present in>90% of all questions. The presence of information external to the question was respectively 54.5% and 27% lower for incorrect relative to correct answers on the NBME-Free-Step1 and NBME-Free-Step2 datasets (P<=.001).ConclusionChatGPT marks a significant improvement in natural language processing models on the tasks of medical question answering. By performing at greater than 60% threshold on the NBME-FreeStep-1 dataset we show that the model is comparable to a third year medical student. Additionally, due to the dialogic nature of the response to questions, we demonstrate ChatGPT’s ability to provide reasoning and informational context across the majority of answers. These facts taken together make a compelling case for the potential applications of ChatGPT as a medical education tool.
Derivation, validation, and clinical relevance of a pediatric sepsis phenotype with persistent hypoxemia and shock
Authors: Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson , Bennett Tellen D. , Stroup Emily , Luo Yuan , Atreya Mihir , Wardenburg Juliane Bubeck , Chong Grace , Geva Alon , Faustino E. Vincent S. , Farris Reid W. , Hall Mark , Rogerson Colin , Shah Sareen , Weiss Scott L. , Khemani Robinder G. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundUntangling the heterogeneity of sepsis in children and identifying clinically relevant phenotypes could lead to the development of enrichment strategies and targeted therapies. In this study, our aim was to analyze the organ dysfunction-based trajectories of children with sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) to identify and characterize reproducible and clinically relevant sepsis phenotypes using a data-driven approach.MethodsWe collected data from patients admitted with suspected infections to 13 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the U.S. between 2012-2018. We used subgraph-augmented nonnegative matrix factorization to identify candidate trajectory-driven phenotypes based on the type, severity, and progression of organ dysfunction in the first 72 hours of PICU admission. We analyzed the candidate phenotypes to determine reproducibility as well as prognostic, therapeutic, and biological relevance.ResultsOverall, 38,732 children had suspected infection, of which 15,246 (39.4%) had sepsis-associated MODS. Amongst patients with sepsis-associated MODS, 1,537 (10.1%) died in the hospital. We identified an organ dysfunction trajectory-based phenotype (which we termedpersistent hypoxemia and shock) that was highly reproducible, had features of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy, and was independently associated with higher mortality. In a propensity score matched analysis, patients with thepersistent hypoxemia and shockphenotype appeared to have a higher likelihood to benefit from adjuvant therapy with hydrocortisone and albumin than other patients. When compared to other high-risk clinical syndromes, thepersistent hypoxemia and shockphenotype only overlapped with 50 to 60% of patients with septic shock, those with moderate-to-severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, or those in the top tertile of organ dysfunction burden, suggesting that it represents a distinct clinical phenotype of sepsis-associated MODS with a disproportionately high risk of mortality.ConclusionsWe derived and validated thepersistent hypoxemia and shockphenotype, a trajectory-based organ dysfunction phenotype which is highly reproducible, clinically relevant, and associated with heterogeneity of treatment effect to common adjuvant therapies. Further validation is warranted. Future studies are needed to validate this phenotype, assess whether it can be predicted earlier in the course, study possible biological mechanisms underlying it, and investigate candidate therapeutic targets.
FCGRT, a cancer-derived immunoglobulin G binding protein, mediates the malignant phenotype of glioma
Authors: Wang Guohui , Wang Zheng , Zhang Tingting , Ge Hongyao , Pan Jie , Yu Wangyang , Yan Tianfang , Jiang Wei , Yang Gaoshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCIgG has received increasing attention, and was first discovered by our group to indicate poor prognosis in glioma. Furthermore, by protein mass spectrometry, we found that FCGRT can combine with CIgG. However, the study of FCGRT in glioma has not been reported. We used the CGGA325, TCGA dataset and immunohistochemistry to verify the importance of FCGRT on the prognosis of glioma patients. Single cell sequencing data analysis evaluated that the role of FCGRT in the microenvironment of glioma. Estimate, ssGSEA, EPIC and xCell were used for immune infiltration analysis. FCGRT was knocked down in U251 cells to detect the effect of FCGRT on the malignant development of glioma. These results showed that patients with higher FCGRT expression had a shorter overall survival. FCGRT was closely related to the tumor microenvironment, especially to macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (r=0.743, p<0.001). Interestingly we also found that FCGRT was positively correlated with IGHG1. Finally, we found that knock-down of FCGRT resulted in a decrease in proliferation, migration and invasion of U251 cells. Taken together, we believe that FCGRT is an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients, and its possible mechanism is to promote proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by interacting with CIgG.
Innovative, rapid, high-throughput method for drug repurposing in a pandemic –a case study of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Authors: Bello Shaibu Oricha , Yunusa Abdulmajeed , Adamu Adamu Ahmed , Imam Mustapha Umar , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Shuaibu Abdulmalik , Igumbor Ehimario Uche , Habib Zaiyad Garba , Popoola Mustapha Ayodele , Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Bello Aishatu Yahaya , Deeni Yusuf Yahaya , Okoye Ifeoma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral efforts to repurpose drugs for COVID-19 treatment have largely either failed to identify a suitable agent or agents identified did not translate to clinical use; either because of demonstrated lack of clinical efficacy in trials, inappropriate dose requirements and probably use of inappropriate pre-clinical laboratory surrogates of effectiveness. In this study, we used an innovative algorithm, that incorporates dissemination and implementation considerations, to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using iterative computational and wet laboratory methods that highlight inhibition of viral induced cytopathic effect (CPE) as a laboratory surrogate of effectiveness. Erythromycin, pyridoxine, folic acid and retapamulin were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced CPE in Vero cells at concentrations that are clinically achievable. Additional studies may be required to further characterize the inhibitions of CPE and the possible mechanisms.FundingTETFund Covid-19 Special Intervention Research grant(grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/ SI/COVID-19/UDUS/VOL 1)
Pre-mRNA splicing inhibits m6A deposition, allowing longer mRNA half-life and flexible protein coding
Authors: Luo Zhiyuan , Ma Qilian , Sun Shan , Li Ningning , Wang Hongfeng , Ying Zheng , Ke Shengdong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBoth pre-mRNA splicing andN6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification occur during transcription, enabling the potential crosstalk regulation between these two fundamental processes. The regional m6A location bias of avoiding splice site region, calls for an open hypothesis whether pre-mRNA splicing could affect m6A deposition. By deep learning modeling, we find that pre-mRNA splicing represses a proportion (4% to 32%) of m6A deposition at nearby exons. Experimental validation confirms such an inhibition as the m6A signal increases in mRNA once the host gene does not undergo pre-mRNA splicing to produce the same mRNA. Pre-mRNA splicing inhibited m6A sites tend to have higher m6A enhancers and lower m6A silencers locally than the m6A sites that are not inhibited. Moreover, this m6A deposition inhibition by pre-mRNA splicing shows high heterogeneity at different exons of mRNAs at genome-widely, with only a small proportion (12% to 15%) of exons showing strong inhibition, enabling stable mRNAs and flexible protein coding for important biological functions.
Enhancing employee work engagement through organizational identification, gender and leader social dominance orientation
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Dost Mir , Qasim Neelam 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of organizational identification on employee work engagement (EWE) and to what extent this relationship strengthens/weakens when moderated by gender and leader social dominance orientation (SDO).

Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypothesized relationships, the authors collected data from supervisors (n = 101) and their subordinates (n = 478) working in medium and large organizations in the service industry. To test the hypothesized model, the authors used structural equation modeling in MPlus.

Findings
The data revealed that organizational identification is positively associated with EWE. Interestingly, the effects were stronger on female EWE than male EWE. Furthermore, the findings of this study displayed that leader SDO negatively moderated the relationship between organizational identification and EWE. The results of this study were more potent when the leader SDO was low versus high.

Originality/value
The findings mainly contribute to the social identity theory by examining the moderating role of gender and leader SDO on the link between organizational identification and EWE. This study offers practitioners insights into the importance of gender in EWE and the type of leadership. Conducting this study in a developing economy provided a unique contextual finding, which will be helpful for the practitioners who want to improve the work engagement of female employees.
Tribological study of sunflower TMP ester and silica nanoparticles additives for hydrodynamic journal bearing application under boundary lubrication condition
Authors: Hussain Md Modassir , Gaval Vivek , Pratap Amit , Rukhande Sanjay 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to study the tribological performance of sunflower TMP ester and silica nanoparticles additives as a biolubricant alternative to the conventional lubricants for hydrodynamic journal bearing applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Nanolubricants were synthesized using an ultrasonicator and a homogenizer. A pin-on-disk tribometer was used to simulate the boundary lubrication condition for hydrodynamic journal bearing application in the presence of the studied lubricants. Surface analysis of the pin (bearing material) was done using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Findings
The sunflower TMP ester performed well in terms of the coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricants, but its wear performance was poor. The silica nanoparticles improved the wear and friction performance of the sunflower TMP ester. With the addition of 1% silica nanoparticles to sunflower TMP ester, the reduction in the coefficient of friction was 27.92% and the reduction in specific wear rate was 54.79%, making it the best lubricant out of all studied lubricants.

Originality/value
Although there are various available studies on vegetable oil-based lubricants for hydrodynamic journal bearing applications, the studies on the use of vegetable oil-based TMP esters for hydrodynamic journal bearing applications are limited. Also, the effect of silica nanoparticles on the tribological performance of TMP esters under boundary lubrication condition has not been studied extensively in the available literature.
Reputational risk and stock price: a corporate management analysis
Authors: Huaman-Ñope Aby Grisly , Serrato-Cherres Arthur Giuseppe , Ramos-Cavero Maria Jeanett , Cordova-Buiza Franklin 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe study aimed to determine how reputational risk affects the stocks prices of companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a documentary research with a quantitative approach. Companies from different sectors listed on the Lima Stock Exchange were taken as a sample.FindingsThe incidence between the reputational risk and the stock price of the companies listed on the stock market, as well as the impact on profitability indicators and income level were demonstrated. Additionally, it was determined that the cost of capital has a greater impact if the entity is financed from the issuance of bonds rather than by subsidiaries.Originality/valueCompanies that presented well-known events in Peru and those that caused damage to their corporate reputations were studied. Likewise, information from sources such as Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa, Peruvian Securities Market Regulator’s office and Lima Stock Exchange was documented in order to analyze the variations in financial indicators during the indicated events. Financial models such as CAPM and GORDON-SHAPIRO were also used.
Telecommunications service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in pandemic times
Authors: Abd-Elrahman Abd-Elrahman Hassanein 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to empirically explore telecommunications service quality (SQ) and its impact on the customer loyalty (CL) through a mediating impact of customer satisfaction (CS) during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted involving 384 customers of telecommunications service providers in Egypt. The hypothesized direct relationships were tested through regression analysis, and the mediating effect was tested using structural equation modeling technique.

Findings
The results reveal a strong positive relationship of SQ dimensions, CS and CL. Reliability, privacy and security and convenience, respectively, proved to increase CS and CL more than the other SQ dimensions, particularly during COVID-19. Moreover, CS was found to significantly and fully mediate the effect of SQ on CL.

Research limitations/implications
This is an empirical research applied in the Egyptian telecommunications setting. Its relationships need further investigation in other settings and countries. Also, traditional limitations of a cross-sectional study apply with respect to the attribution of causality and the time lag effects.

Practical implications
In strategic planning of telecommunications services and the associated consumer behavior, the results of this study can be helpful for policymakers. In case of similar epidemics and natural calamities, consumers may depict similar behavior as shown during the lockdown and social distancing during COVID-19; hence, this study can help regulatory bodies in preparing their safety roadmap.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the body of knowledge in enhancing the understanding on the impact of telecommunications SQ on CS and loyalty, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.