bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth Cultures of Activism and Politics
Authors: Maksudyan Nazan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Youth cultures’ engagement with activism and politics, through which young people attempt “to initiate and resist change in the social order,” has produced a sizable literature. A discussion of this topic traces this engagement and its changes over time. First, nationalist youth cultures of the early twentieth century stressed duty, responsibility, and idealism. Later, the anti-establishment youth cultures of the 1960s and 1970s aspired to change the world on a global scale. Anarchistic and nonconformist youth subcultures of the 1980s and 1990s cultivated apathy toward traditional politics. Finally, globally dissenting millennials focus their concerns on democratic governance, ecology, and global social justice.
Race and Election Law
Authors: Ross Bertrall L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At the core of election law in the United States are contestations over the rights of African Americans to participate and be represented in the democratic process. Consistent with Derrick Bell’s interest-convergence thesis, the outcome of the Black struggle for full citizenship has depended, at particular moments in time, on whether enough White Americans understand African American voting and representation to be in their own interest. The result has been halting progress toward a still-incomplete multiracial democracy. In this chapter, the author provides a history of the racial struggle for political inclusion with a focus on the South, where the intensity of the struggle has been the greatest. The author emphasizes African Americans’ agency in attaining political rights from legislatures and courts and the role of White partisans as facilitators of, and checks on, America’s progress toward a multiracial democracy.
Models of Governance in Cameroon’s Public Administration
Authors: Ondoua Biwolé Viviane 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
How can one build a prosperous economy in a fragile, even inoperative administrative environment? That is the concern underlying the present chapter whose objective is to question the pertinence of the governance model of the Cameroon’s public administration where free-market levers do not necessarily correspond to the values that Cameroonian society identifies with; hence the necessity to re-think another governance model that would promote an endogenous social imaginary.
The Economy of Humanitarianism
Authors: Kemedjio Cilas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The asymmetry between the donors and the beneficiaries makes it almost impossible to engage in a meaningful conversation about egalitarian relationships in the field of humanitarian intervention. Most of the misunderstandings are not unrelated to this lopsided configuration. This chapter analyzes the contradictions of humanitarianism as a benevolent approach to nation-building in Cameroon and beyond. Section 2 focuses on the globalization of humanitarianism and the relationship between the two notions. It starts with Homi Bhabha’s interrogations on the pertinence of theories of decolonization in the era of economic globalization, and discusses the works of Mongo Beti and Imbole Mbue, two major literary figures from Cameroon. I consider the adverse impact of humanitarian interventions in the nation-building process. The disruptive role played by the forces of globalization, I argue, does not necessary lead to better outcomes as far as the welfare of distressed populations is concerned. Humanitarians move in by redirecting marginalized groups away from the unfulfilled promises of the State and into the hands of the mighty power of NGOs.
Early Human Capital Accumulation and Decentralization
Authors: Tchuente Guy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Decentralization is a centerpiece in Cameroonian’s government institutions’ design. This chapter elaborates a simple hierarchy model for the analysis of the effects of power devolution. The model predicts overall positive effects of decentralization with larger effects when the local authority processes useful information on how to better allocate the resources. The estimation of the effects of the 2010’s power devolution to municipalities in Cameroon suggests a positive impact of decentralization on early human capital accumulation. The value added by decentralization is the same for Anglophone and Francophone municipalities; the effects of decentralization are larger for advanced levels of primary school.
Structural Transformation and Productivity Growth in Cameroon
Authors: Avom Désiré , Malah Kuete Yselle Flora 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The object of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of structural transformation to the labour productivity growth in Cameroon over the period 1965 to 2015. To do this, we use a growth decomposition technique following the work of McMillan and Rodrik (2011) and De Vries et al. (2015). Our results show that structural transformation, viewed as a progressive reallocation of the workforce from sectors with low productivity to those with high productivity, has contributed little to the increase in labour productivity growth. It is actually the within component that seems to explain most of the productivity gains, while the between component that characterizes structural transformation has been rather weak. Even more, the dynamic share of this structural transformation was negative throughout the period covered by the study. Econometric estimates make it possible to identify economic growth (approximated by the GDP per capita), trade openness, exchange rate depreciation and the quality of the institutions, particularly the decrease of corruption, as factors having affected structural transformation and on which Cameroon should act with appropriate economic policies.
The CFA Franc
Authors: Ajab Amin Aloysius 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter briefly traces the evolution of the Franc CFA Zone- a monetary union, which is one of the world’s longest surviving currency arrangement. It examines the implication of the four main principles of the monetary arrangements with the advantages and costs. It looks at the membership in CEMAC especially on how the agreement has impacted the financial sector and consequently CEMAC’s economy. The CEMAC’s economy is oil dominated and oil price shocks influence the region’s economic performance. The impact is seen in region’s limited intraregional trade, weak financial development and low private sector financing. The chapter, therefore, assesses the financial sector of the zone, and analyses the role of financial sector on the growth of the private sector and economic expansion. The results of the estimated model show the importance of the financial sector to the private sector. The chapter concludes that the weak financial sector/system of the CFA franc zone has hindered the economic expansion because of the limited private sector financing. Hence, economic diversification and financial development is essential in the regional economic expansion.
Determinants of the Performance of the Education System
Authors: Noumba Issidor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Education is a top priority for the Cameroonian government, as reflected in frequent institutional reforms implemented over time in this strategic sector to improve its performance. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of institutions on primary and secondary school enrolment, controlling for other key variables. Data used are from the World Bank, the Center for Global Peace, and the Cameroonian government. A standard education production function is specified and estimated using the SURE method. The adopted methodology led to some interesting results. i) There is some heterogeneity in the effect of institutions on the performance of the education system. Indeed, institutional factors seem to have had a positive and significant effect on primary school enrolment and no effect on secondary school enrolment. ii) The same heterogeneity is observed in the effect of public spending on education as a share of GDP, which appears to be positive and significant on primary school enrolment and not on secondary school enrolment. iii) High level of GDP growth rate would not be a necessary and sufficient condition for improving the Cameroonian education system performance. Therefore, the Government should do more to reduce political instability, corruption and improve good governance to boost the performance of the education system. An effective health policy would also help to achieve the same goal.
When Kamerun Will Awaken…
Authors: Etounga-Manguelle Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Endowed by its history and geography with considerable assets for its development, the country initially called Kamerun, which was a German protectorate from 1884 to 1918, before being placed under a mandate of French and English trusteeship from 1918 to 1960, is today at a crossroads. For since 2016 (with the eruption of an armed rebellion in the country’s English-speaking regions), it has been subjected to a sociopolitical crisis that endangers its state institutions and threatens its national integrity and its survival as a flagship nation with its rich and diverse history. This chapter sums up the challenges of the new sociopolitical situation of the country, whose economy shows a great deal of resilience, despite the gravity of the ills that weigh it down. These ills are due essentially to poor governance and lack of leadership. But the current daunting challenges facing Cameroon do not in any way mortgage its future when the country, reconciled with itself, will awaken and shine with all its radiance.
Cameroon’s Labor Market Dynamics and Prospects
Authors: Housseini Bouba , Boudarbat Brahim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cameroon has experienced substantive economic growth in the past two decades between 2001 and 2019, but this growth has not been inclusive enough to provide jobs to hundreds of thousands of new Cameroonian job-seekers entering the market every year. This chapter provides a comprehensive assessment of the Cameroon’s labour market, with a focus on the dynamics and patterns of key labour market indicators and factors affecting the performance in the labour market. Our analysis uses both macro- and micro-economic approaches and combines country-level times-series data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) and household survey data (ECAM) produced by the Cameroon’s National Institute of Statistics. In terms of findings, first we observe an overall limited increase of the capacity of the Cameroonian economy to absorb its labour force, with a fluctuating pattern over time. Second, we show that the positive dynamics observed in labour force participation, employment and unemployment actually hide the precarity of jobs and poor working conditions prevailing in the country. Third, our results reveal that significant gaps persist across different groups of the population in terms of labour market outcomes, and women, youth, low-educated people, and population of northern regions of the country are the most affected groups by the scarcity of formal and decent jobs. Finally, our analysis also corroborates previous findings of the literature showing that gender, education, area of residence, and economic sector of employment are key drivers of the labour market outcomes in Cameroon. From a policy perspective, we argue that to mitigate the growing demographic pressure in Cameroon’s labour market and convert it into a demographic dividend, there is a need to accelerate the structural transformation of the Cameroonian economy, invest more in education and human capital, and therefore set up conditions for extensive job creation in more formal and more productive sectors. Additionally, targeted economic policies aiming to formalize the labour market, expand social protection programs, especially for women and youth, would help improving employment and earning prospects for the growing and young Cameroonian population.
‘In the Future, as Robots Become More Widespread’
Authors: Parviainen Jaana , Koski Anne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses imaginary technologies that do not exist yet but are expected to be implemented in clinical work in the near future. Adopting a phenomenological view on the politics of organizational time, we illuminate how the rhetoric of futurity and protentional anticipation dominate managerial acts in healthcare organizations. This future-oriented management includes strategies of risk assessment, investments in emerging technologies, and other actions to reduce external uncertainty and move towards an enhanced capacity to cope with potential challenges. However, we suggest that potentially harmful consequences of emerging technologies cannot be established reliably in advance by investigation, experiments, and risk assessments. The phenomenological notion of embodied information infrastructure allows us to consider how visions of complex technologies intertwine with clinical practices in healthcare professionals’ work. We use two examples of imaginary technologies—automated decision-making systems and care robotics—to concretize how the line between imaginary technologies and existing technologies becomes increasingly volatile in healthcare organizations.
Is the Phenomenal Difference of the Entrepreneurial Event Opening on Its Repetition?
Authors: Deroy Xavier 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Entrepreneurs have immanent perceptions that observers can only perceive retrospectively. This chapter relies on neo-phenomenologist philosophers to better understand how the entrepreneurial event can be reconsidered through the lenses of phenomenology. After considering the main features of the event as defined by some of these philosophers, we advance (a) that structuration and subjectivity echo (b) the private and public dimensions. These dimensions are at the core of the entrepreneurial event when organizing is at stake. In so doing we reappraise the dominant theories of the event in organization studies. While underlining the interest of phenomenology for organization theory, the phenomenon of the entrepreneurial event opens new avenues for research.
Tuning into Things
Authors: Cnossen Boukje 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces a specific phenomenological approach in a suggestion to sense organizing as a productive encounter between a place and its potential futures. In particular, it draws on the work of the anthropologist Kathleen Stewart to propose a ‘sensing’ approach to tune in to the role of place in the emergence of an alternative urban community of entrepreneurs and activists. While the field of management and organization studies (MOS) has been experiencing a very vibrant spatial turn, so far scholarship in this area has been focusing mostly on the ‘here and now’ of spaces and places. This has a lot to do with the specific epistemological commitments of MOS, including a realist focus in the field of organizational ethnography. This chapter suggests that a focus on what can be seen only goes so far, and that research on new or emergent organizations needs tools in order to sense the not-yet-there, and that this requires an affective attention that moves beyond the visual. The case presented, based on a field visit to an alternative urban community in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, offers insights into how such early-stage organizing can be seen sensed through an attention to things in a certain place, and how they are named and cared for.
Squatters and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief
Authors: Peiro Mickael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the Occupied Theatre, the occupation of a former theatre and cinema by activists, which serves as a counterplace that represents ‘a kind of contestation of space that is both mythical and real’ (Foucault, 1984: 4) and allows ‘perception in the present of the unknown possible’ (Busquet, 2012: 6). When the place is not used for spectacular ends, it (re)becomes a living space in which occupants sleep, eat, talk, cook and play. It is during these daily moments that it is possible to observe the multiplicity of the inhabitants’ lives as well as the diversity of their temporality. This chapter focuses on phenomenological approaches by mobilizing the concept of the willing suspension of disbelief (Coleridge, 1817) to demonstrate the capacity of the occupants to produce their own reality and the capacity of the researcher, embedded in an ethnographic methodology, to accept the need to put aside his beliefs for the duration of the story in order to experience the characters’ emotions and to grasp aspects of their ‘real’ world. It is structured in three parts: first, it considers the capacity of the actors to produce new social relations, then it addresses the possibility for the ethnographer to observe those relations, and, finally, it focuses on the co-construction of new imaginaries.
Deconstructing the Clinical Hierarchy
Authors: Swanson Jae 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates an open songwriting group with LGBTQIA+ youth. As a white queer and nonbinary music therapist, I describe my work with a group of LGBTQIA+ youth who were predominantly Black. Sessions were influenced by queer theory and anti-oppressive approaches to music therapy. The dominance of white supremacist ideals of clinical hierarchy in music therapy are challenged. Queering community music therapy is proposed and realized through songwriting and the theoretical lens through which the group was studied. Narratives of group artists and descriptions of the final showcase performance allow the reader an opportunity to gain a comprehensive understanding of the group. Questions are posed for music therapy challenging the hierarchy central to contemporary clinical practice, status quo, and a readiness to embrace the values of queer and trans music therapy.
Managing Uncertainty with Ambidexterity
Authors: Barbour Jennifer P. , Collins Catherine , Gibson Cristina B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Uncertainty exogenous to organizations is pervasive, and yet espoused to have a negative impact on employee well-being. This chapter explores whether organizational ambidexterity might help mitigate the influence of exogenous uncertainty on employee well-being. Specifically, the job demands-resources theory is utilized to unpack how ambidexterity may be viewed as a “resource” to mitigate and/or potentially even a “demand” that exacerbates the negative impact of exogenous uncertainty on employee well-being. These rival hypotheses are explored in a field study (N = 540), and then an experiment (N = 160). The consistent finding was that exogenous uncertainty was experienced as a demand that exacerbates the negative effect of uncertainty on well-being. Thus it is revealed that organizational ambidexterity has the unanticipated consequence of amplifying a negative relationship between exogenous uncertainty and employee well-being, adding to the burden employees feel in coping with the unknown. Implications for managing exogenous uncertainty for employees’ well-being are unpacked, and future research is advocated. This ranges from organizational-level strategies with how organizational systems are embedded, at the individual level with employees’ taking agency, and taking into account the individual differences that predispose individuals to react differently.
Popular Culture and Human Mating
Authors: Salmon Catherine A. , Burch Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The products of popular culture, including pornography and romance, can be viewed as artifacts of human sexual psychology. In other words, popular culture can be examined as data in testing theories about human psychological adaptations in the same way as archaeological artifacts can be used by anthropologists to test hypotheses about human evolution. From a methodological standpoint, there are clear benefits to this approach (as opposed to surveys, for example) in that such unobtrusive measures do not require the cooperation of participants, or their honesty or self-awareness, and it does not influence the participant response. Additionally, media outlets can provide much larger samples reporting actual use. In this chapter, we will examine how the products of popular culture illuminate our understanding of male and female sexual desires with a particular emphasis on the appeal of mythology, pornography, and various forms of romance (from romance novels to Bollywood, erotica, and slash). Not only are there differences and overlap in mass media marketed to men and women but also in the media they create themselves. These differences not only inform researchers regarding what men and women desire, but also where more research needs to be conducted.
The Logic of Physical Attractiveness
Authors: Lewis David M. G. , Evans Kortnee C. , Al-Shawaf Laith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Attractiveness is a perception produced by psychological mechanisms in the mind of the perceiver. Understanding attractiveness therefore requires an understanding of these mechanisms. This includes the selection pressures that shaped them and their resulting information-processing architecture, including the cues they attend to and the context-dependent manner in which they respond to those cues. We review a diverse array of fitness-relevant cues along with evidence that the human mind processes these cues when making attractiveness judgments. For some of these cues, there is unequivocal evidence that the cue influences attractiveness judgments, but exactly why attractiveness-assessment mechanisms track that cue is an area of current debate. Another area of active inquiry is when these cues influence attractiveness judgments: because the fitness costs and benefits associated with these cues would have varied across contexts, selection should have shaped attractiveness-assessment mechanisms to be sensitive to contextual variables. As a consequence of this context-sensitive design, these mechanisms, despite being universal, should produce attractiveness assessments that vary systematically and predictably across contexts. We review evidence indicating that this is how human perception of attractiveness works, and highlight the need for more comprehensive and systematic investigations into contextual variation in human standards of attractiveness. We conclude by identifying limitations on existing evolutionary research on attractiveness, and provide concrete suggestions for how future work can address these issues.
Mate Competition between the Sexes
Authors: Semenyna Scott W. , Gómez Jiménez Francisco R. , Vasey Paul L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Darwinian sexual selection has been the dominant framework for understanding mate competition, which usually involves intrasexual competition for opposite-sex partners. This expected dynamic can become more complicated in any species that shows an appreciable rate of bisexual behavior. Specifically, intersexual mate competition is possible any time opposite-sex individuals engage in romantic/sexual competition over the same target. We review historical and ethnographic evidence that intersexual mate competition occurs among humans. Going further, we describe data from two different non-Western cultures—Samoa and the Istmo Zapotec (Oaxaca, Mexico). These data show that competitions to acquire and maintain sexual relationships with men occur between women and feminine same-sex attracted males. This intersexual mate competition most commonly involved feminine males attempting to mate-poach partnered men from their relationships with women. Using participant stories to complement mixed-methods data, we illustrate how these competitions typically involved feminine males attempting to entice the target man, whereas women engaged in mate-guarding and emotionally punitive behaviors. Although intersexual mate competition is unlikely to be found in most species, or across all human cultures, our data show that intersexual mate competition can ensue when males and females prefer the same sexual partners, who themselves behave in a bisexual manner.