bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilical Stump Colonization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria from Umbilical Stumps of Neonates Admitted at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital, Mbarara, South Western Uganda
Authors: Mukundane Bruno , Bazira Joel , Musinguzi Benson , Byarugaba Frederick 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Every year a million deaths of neonates occur worldwide due to bacteria that has ascended through the umbilical stump leading to serious infection. An umbilical stump that has just separated is known to be the best route for bacterial entrance leading to development of serious infections. It also acts as a reservoir for bacteria which potentially may gain access to the blood flow within first 2–3 days of life when the umbilical vein is still patent. During neonatal period, the umbilical stump takes 1-2weeks to fall off under normal circumstances (WHO). Therefore understanding umbilical stump colonization is relevant within 14 days before the stump falls off. The most common isolated and recovered organisms that are known for colonization of the umbilical stump areStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliand group BStreptococcus. No matter the type of colonizing bacteria, this kind of colonization normally leads to serious life-threatening infection.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the umbilical stump colonization and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from umbilical stumps of neonates admitted at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study and 200 participants were enrolled from neonatal ward in the period of May-June 2022. Samples were aseptically taken off from neonates using a sterile cotton swab which were then cultured and the colonizing organisms isolated after which antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: After culture of 200 samples, only 35 (17.5%) showed growth. Of the isolated organismsStaphylococcus aureushad the highest number of 15 (42.9%), this was followed byE.coliwith 8 (22.9%), thenK.pneumoniaeat 4 (11.4%),Proteus sppat 4 (11.4%, thenStreptococcus sppat 2 (5.7) and finallyPseudomonas sppat 2 (5.7%). AllStaphylococcus specieswere sensitive to Vancomycin whereas allE.colispecies were resistant to Imipenem, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Ampicillin. AllKlebsiellaandStreptococcusspecies were 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin. Chloramphenicol had the highest sensitivity of 85.7% followed by Gentamicin at 62.9% and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had the highest resistance of 62.9% which was followed by Tetracycline with the resistance of 54.3%. AllStreptococcus specieswere sensitive to Cefoxitin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin and Clindamycin whereas allPseudomonasspecies were sensitive to Ceftazidime, Piperacillin and Piperacillin-tazobactam.Conclusion: The prevalence of umbilical stump colonisation at HICH was high at 17.5% and the main causative agents areStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia.coli. These organisms are resistant to commonly used antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid.
In-situ study of microstructures induced by the olivine to wadsleyite transformation at conditions of the 410 km depth discontinuity
Authors: Ledoux Estelle , Krug Matthias , Gay Jeffrey , Chantel Julien , Hilairet Nadège , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Aprilis Georgios , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Garbarino Gaston , Guignot Nicolas , Sanchez-Valle Carmen , Speziale Sergio , Merkel Sébastien 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The olivine-wadsleyite transformation is believed to occur at depths of about 410 km in the Earth, producing a major seismic discontinuity in this region of the Earth’s mantle. The mechanism of this phase transition controls the microstructures of the newly nucleated wadsleyite, the major phase of the upper part of the mantle transition zone, and thus impacts seismic observations in the region. Here, we study the microstructures produced by the olivine-wadsleyite transformation using in situ laboratory experiments at pressures and temperatures relevant for the mantle transition zone. We transform pure olivine samples in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells at pressures ranging from 12.3 to 20.2 GPa and temperatures of 1400–1730 K. At different steps of the transformation we measure the orientation and size distribution of individual sample grains using multigrain crystallography at synchrotron radiation sources. We find that the olivine to wadsleyite transformation is incoherent at the conditions of the mantle transition zone, and is probably dominated by nucleation of wadsleyite at grain boundaries of the parent olivine. Thus, we expect that seismic anisotropy near 410 km would drop significantly due to the randomized lattice preferred orientation of newly nucleated wadsleyite induced by the incoherent transformation.
POINT: Is It Time to Lower the Cut-off for Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance? Yes
Authors: Triantafyllou Georgios A. , Maron Bradley A. 
Published: April 2023

Background
For decades, pulmonary hypertension (PH) used to be defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mm Hg; however, this criterion was not based on data that were systematically collected. With the availability of contemporary datasets however, it was evident that the upper limit of normal mPAP was ∼20 mm Hg, which is also the level of mPAP above which adverse outcomes increase. In addition, it is now evident that the specificity of mPAP &gt;20 mm Hg to denote precapillary pulmonary vascular disease could be enhanced by adding pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to the precapillary PH definition. Finally, after characterizing large groups of normal individuals, akin to observations for mPAP, it was recently demonstrated that a PVR of ∼2.0 Wood units (WU) is the upper limit of normal, and the lower level associated with all-cause mortality in at-risk patients.

Clinical Implications
The current hemodynamic criteria for PH are positioned to capture more patients compared to the classical definition, with particular implications for earlier diagnosis. Importantly, pulmonary vasodilator therapies have not been tested adequately in patients with mPAP &lt;25 mm Hg or PVR between 2 to 3 WU and, thus, should not be administered in these patients. Mild PH is an active focus of clinical trial design; at present, these patients should be referred to expert PH centers earlier for individualized therapeutic planning.

Conclusions
The revised definition of precapillary PH uses a PVR threshold of &gt;2 WU. This value is evidence-based, and exceeding this threshold is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This revision places focus on early diagnosis, close monitoring, and consideration for certain treatments. Further studies are needed that test the efficacy and safety of pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific therapy in precapillary PH patients with PVR 2 to 3 WU.
Anticancer Compounds from Cyanobacteria and their Implications in
Apoptosis
Authors: Gupta Amit , Singh Prashant R. , Singh Ashish P. , Kumari Neha , Jaiswal Jyoti , Sahu Niharika , Mishra Sonal , Pathak Jainendra , Sinha Rajeshwar P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Cyanobacteria have been recognized as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with potential
biotechnological applications in the pharmacological industry. The chemically diverse natural compounds
or their analogues cause cytotoxicity. They may kill various cancer cells by inducing apoptosis
or changing the activation of cell signaling, particularly involving the protein kinase-C family of enzymes,
mitochondrial dysfunctions, and oxidative damage. B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an essential
component of apoptosis and is an antiapoptotic molecule. The key apoptotic regulators associated with
cancer are members of the Bcl-2 protein family, the key member of which is Bcl-2. The Bcl-2 protein
is a promising target for the emergence of new anti-tumor therapies because of its critical role in controlling
apoptosis. This review explores the significance of Bcl-2 in the onset of cancer; it may be used
as a target for developing high-quality drug therapies to treat various tumors. In addition, a number of
computational techniques were used to identify novel hit compounds that may act as inhibitors of the
apoptotic protein Bcl-2, including virtual screening, toxicity prediction, and drug-likeness analysis.
Twenty-three compounds were assessed as potential hits against Bcl-2, and these compounds were
subjected to ADMET property prediction. Dendroamide A and Welwitindolinone A appear to be the
most stable and effective drugs against Bcl-2 out of all those evaluated. This article gives an overview
of the bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria that have anticancer properties and may be
exploited to create novel anticancer medications in the future.
Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Late Positive Potential in Youth with
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Simonetti Alessio , Lijffijt Marijn , Kurian Sherin , Saxena Johanna , Janiri Delfina , Mazza Marianna , Carriero Giulio , Moccia Lorenzo , Mwangi Benson , Swann Alan C. , Soares Jair C. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The late positive potential (LPP) could be a marker of emotion dysregulation in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the neuroanatomical correlates of the LPP are still not clarified.

Objective:
To provide cortical and deep gray matter correlates of the LPP in youth, specifically youth with PBD.

Methods:
Twenty-four 7 to 17 years-old children with PBD and 28 healthy controls (HC) underwent cortical thickness and deep gray matter volumes measurements through magnetic resonance imaging and LPP measurement elicited by passively viewing of emotional faces through electroencephalography. T-tests compared group differences in LPP, cortical thickness, and deep gray matter volumes. Linear regressions tested the relationship between LPP amplitude and cortical thickness/deep gray matter volumes.

Results:
PBD had a more pronounced LPP amplitude for happy faces and a thinner cortex in prefrontal areas than HC.
While considering both groups, a higher LPP amplitude was associated with a thicker cortex across occipital and frontal lobes, and with a smaller right globus pallidus volume. In addition, a higher LPP amplitude for happy faces was associated with smaller left caudate and left globus pallidus volumes across both groups. Finally, the LPP amplitude correlated negatively with right precentral gyrus thickness across youth with PBD, but positively across HC.

Conclusion:
Neural correlates of LPP in youth included fronto-occipital areas that have been associated also with emotion processing and control. The opposite relationship between BPD and HC of LPP amplitude and right precentral gyrus thickness might explain the inefficacy of emotional control system in PBD.
Silybum marianum: An Overview of its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
with Emphasis on Potential Anticancer Properties
Authors: Nawaz Aisha , Zaib Sumera , Khan Imtiaz , Ahmed Abrar , Shahzadi Kiran , Riaz Huma 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Silybum marianum (SM) belongs to the family Asteraceae, which holds therapeutic significance in medicinal chemistry. Phytochemistry analysis revealed an abundance of active constituents, particularly silymarin, composed
of polyphenols and flavonolignans. Silymarin is majorly found in leaves, seeds, and fruits and is comprised of seven
flavonolignans. Silymarin derivatives, specifically silybin, were reported for their medicinal properties. This review
summarizes the studies conducted to evaluate SM’s pharmacological properties and proposed mechanisms. SM exhibited anticancer properties due to being capable of modifying the induction of apoptosis, inhibiting the STAT3 pathway,
decreasing the transcription of various growth factors, impeding the growth of 4T1 cells and inducing cell cycle arrest
in various types of cancers, i.e., skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. Silymarin and its derivatives protect the liver and ameliorate various immune-mediated and autoimmune hepatic diseases. Moreover, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective activities were also reported. Based on
testified in vitro and in vivo studies, SM can serve as an alternative to cure various pathological ailments.
Сomparison of biomechanical properties of non-absorbable and partially absorbable mesh implants used in surgery for urinary incontinence and genital prolapse: experimental study
Authors: Shkarupa D. D. , Shakhaliev R. A. , Shulgin A. S. , Filipenko T. S. , Kubin N. D. , Labetov I. A. , Suchkov D. A. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The amount of non-absorbable synthetic material used in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence has been shown to directly correlate with the risks of mesh-associated complications. Previously, we developed a partially absorbable implant. Currently, there are insufficient data on the use of partially absorbable implants in female pelvic floor reconstruction, which requires comparative biomechanical and pathomorphological studies.Objective. To compare the biomechanical properties of a new generation partially absorbable implants and nonabsorbable polypropylene mesh implants during animal model.Materials & methods. Thirty-nine rabbits weighing 3200 ± 250 g were randomised into three groups depending on the implanted endoprosthesis: group 1 (n = 15) — “Axilen” implant (polydioxanone 98%, polypropylene 2%), group 2 (n = 15) — “Axilen Rapid” implant (polyglycapron 98%, polypropylene 2%), group 3 (n = 9) — “Urosling 1” implant. After implantation, rabbits of all 3 groups were divided into 3 subgroups according to the withdrawal period from the experiment: 14 days, 60 days, and 180 days. The biomaterial obtained was subjected to two studies: evaluation of the macroscopic view of the explanted mesh endoprosthesis with the formed capsule and the surrounding tissues, study of the biomechanical properties of the formed connective tissue capsule with the implant.Results. According to macroscopic evaluation, there was a less significant tissue reaction to partially absorbed implants. A comparative analysis of biomechanical indices revealed no statistically significant difference in rupture elongation at all follow-up periods among the presented groups. Tensile strength, at 60 and 180 days, was not statistically different between the groups described. At 14 days, there was a statistically significant difference in tensile strength between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.003).Conclusion. During biomechanical animal experiments, the connective tissue capsule formed on the partially absorbable implant was not inferior to the similar parameter of the non-absorbable sample in its tensile strength, which explains a great potential for the use of partially absorbable implants in reconstructive surgery of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
Risk factors for urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical robot-assisted prostatectomy
Authors: Shvedov A. M. , Kolontarev K. B. , Bormotin A. V. , Dyakov V. V. , Vitoslavsky A. A. , Pushkar D. Yu. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, and the tactic to treat this disease stage-depends directly. The “gold” standard for localized PCa is radical robot-assisted prostatectomy (RARP). Patients often have excessive surgery requirements and are concerned about the development of postoperative complications. One of the most frequent functional complications after this operation is urinary incontinence (UI), whose formation mechanism is not fully understood. Clinical studies have described many UI predisposing factors, but the results obtained are often contradictory, which requires a repeated and deeper study of the issue.Objective. To identify predisposing factors for urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical robot-assisted prostatectomy.Materials & methods. The search results for the scientific databases PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and PEDro, Wang-fang Database and CNKI, Edline were analyzed for the queries "robot-assisted prostatectomy", "radical prostatectomy", "incontinence", "predictors", "urinary incontinence".Results. The predisposing factors to UI after RARP were studied. The review discusses and illustrates in detail all known predisposing factors for UI and shows the inconsistency of the data obtained by different researchers, which once again emphasizes the need for further study of this issue.Conclusion. Despite the long history of studying postoperative complications of RARP, reliable and consistent data on all the risks of UI after RARP have not yet been obtained. Therefore, this literature review summarizes and analyzes the results of the latest research in recent years.
Prostate cancer diagnosis as part of high-tech advanced outpatient medical care
Authors: Gevorkyan A. R. , Molodtsov M. S. , Aleksandrov E. V. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The primary focus for improving medical care is introduction of inpatient-replacement forms of healthcare for patients, particularly, with prostate cancer (PCa). Day-care facilities at outpatient institutions and hospitals are considered the most cost-effective and convenient for patients. It is expected that the introduction of new survey methodologies and the optimization of their use in day-hospitals of outpatient clinics will reduce the use of other diagnostic procedures, including invasive ones, and will allow the specialist to determine the treatment tactics and method.Objective. To improve the quality of PCa diagnosis with the use of high-tech advanced outpatient medical care.Materials & methods. To assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of transrectal prostate biopsies (TRPBs) in the day hospital, we have compared the statistics obtained in outpatient clinics with inpatient hospital divisions of the corresponding urban district. A comparative analysis of the data obtained using a standard examination algorithm was carried out: prostate-specific antigen analysis, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound examination with a group of men who used multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the examination algorithm prior to TRPB.Results. The average annual number of TRPBs performed in inpatient urology divisions (three сapital hospitals from Western urban district) was 344, and the PCa detection was 142 (41%). In the outpatient urological unit of the Branch No. 2, Moscow Outpatient Clinics No. 195 for the period from 2010 to 2017, the average annual number of TRPBs was 440, and the PCa detection was 153 (35%) Thus, from the above data, it appears that with inpatient-like PCa detection, one large outpatient urological unit performed on average 24% more TRPBs (440 versus 344) than three inpatient urological divisions in a comparable period of time. When comparing histological data obtained after TRPBs in the absence and presence of pelvic mpMRT, a reliable difference (42% vs 35%) was found in PCa detection, respectively.Conclusion. mpMRI due to its high sensitivity and specificity in PCa diagnosis, which can be recommended as a mandatory diagnostic step before TRPB. In addition, mpMRI can significantly reduce the number of unnecessary TRPBs, increase the effectiveness of timely PCa diagnosis at the early stages.
Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention to Sit Less and Move More in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial
Authors: Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara Reza , Dunstan David W , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Zhang Yuxin , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Maddison Ralph 
Published: April 2023

Background
Reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with various positive health benefits. Just-in-time adaptive interventions offer the potential to target both of these behaviors through more contextually aware, tailored, and personalized support. We have developed a just-in-time adaptive intervention to promote sitting less and moving more in people with T2D.

Objective
This paper presents the study protocol for a microrandomized trial to investigate whether motivational messages are effective in reducing time spent sitting in people with T2D and to determine what behavior change techniques are effective and in which context (eg, location, etc).

Methods
We will use a 6-week microrandomized trial design. A total of 22 adults with T2D will be recruited. The intervention aims to reduce sitting time and increase time spent standing and walking and comprises a mobile app (iMove), a bespoke activity sensor called Sedentary Behavior Detector (SORD), a messaging system, and a secured database. Depending on the randomization sequence, participants will potentially receive motivational messages 5 times a day.

Results
Recruitment was initiated in October 2022. As of now, 6 participants (2 female and 4 male) have consented and enrolled in the study. Their baseline measurements have been completed, and they have started using iMove. The mean age of 6 participants is 56.8 years, and they were diagnosed with T2D for 9.4 years on average.

Conclusions
This study will inform the optimization of digital behavior change interventions to support people with T2D Sit Less and Move More to increase daily physical activity. This study will generate new evidence about the immediate effectiveness of sedentary behavior interventions, their active ingredients, and associated factors.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12622000426785; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=383664

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/41502