bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of assimilating wind retrievals from high‐frequency radar on COAMPS forecasts in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Blaylock Brian K. , Tyndall Daniel P. , Muscarella Philip A. , Brunner Kelsey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWind retrievals from high‐frequency radars (HFRs) provide high‐density, hourly wind estimates over the ocean near the coast. These wind retrievals are a promising new source of near‐surface wind estimates in coastal regions where it is difficult to deploy large networks of buoys and where scatterometers cannot observe because of land contamination. In addition to improving ocean monitoring, these wind retrievals are also useful in numerical weather prediction. The wind estimates are retrieved from the HFR Doppler spectra in conjunction with the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model, HFR forward model, and HFR adjoint model. In this work, wind retrievals were generated from three Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar (CODAR) SeaSonde HFR sites located near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in August 2017 and assimilated in the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System® (COAMPS) model. The impact of the assimilated HFR wind retrievals on near‐surface weather forecasts is measured with adjoint‐derived forecast sensitivity observation impact (FSOI) and a comparison to forecasts from a data‐denial observing system experiment (OSE). The FSOI measurement indicates the HFR winds had neutral impact on the 12‐h forecast while the OSE comparison suggests a small improvement in the 10‐m u and v winds at lead times up to 36 h. Compared to a similar study in the Southern California Bight, the small impact on the forecast seen in this Chesapeake Bay study could be related to there being a smaller number of wind retrievals in a smaller region during a period where the HFR wind retrievals were already similar to the background wind field. We suggest that HFR wind retrievals used for numerical weather prediction may be more beneficial when generated for long swaths of coastlines rather than small, isolated areas.
Endogenously produced hyaluronan contributes to the regulation of peritoneal adhesion development
Authors: Kocurkova Anna , Kerberova Michaela , Nesporova Kristina , Lehka Katerina , Sandanusova Miriam , Simek Matej , Velebny Vladimir , Kubala Lukas , Ambrozova Gabriela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeritoneal adhesions are postsurgical fibrotic complications connected to peritoneal inflammation. The exact mechanism of development is unknown; however, an important role is attributed to activated mesothelial cells (MCs) overproducing macromolecules of extracellular matrix (ECM), including hyaluronic acid (HA). It was suggested that endogenously‐produced HA contributes to the regulation of different fibrosis‐related pathologies. However, little is known about the role of altered HA production in peritoneal fibrosis. We focused on the consequences of the increased turnover of HA in the murine model of peritoneal adhesions. Changes of HA metabolism were observed in early phases of peritoneal adhesion development in vivo. To study the mechanism, human MCs MeT‐5A and murine MCs isolated from the peritoneum of healthy mice were pro‐fibrotically activated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and the production of HA was attenuated by two modulators of carbohydrate metabolism, 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) and 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG). The attenuation of HA production was mediated by upregulation of HAS2 and downregulation of HYAL2 and connected to the lower expression of pro‐fibrotic markers, including fibronectin and α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Moreover, the inclination of MCs to form fibrotic clusters was also downregulated, particularly in 2‐DG‐treated cells. The effects of 2‐DG, but not 4‐MU, were connected to changes in cellular metabolism. Importantly, the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation was observed after the use of both HA production inhibitors. In summary, we identified endogenous HA as an important regulator of peritoneal fibrosis, not just a passive player during this pathological process.
Clustering psychopathology in male anabolic–androgenic steroid users and nonusing weightlifters
Authors: Jørstad Marie Lindvik , Scarth Morgan , Torgersen Svenn , Pope Harrison Graham , Bjørnebekk Astrid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrior research has demonstrated that personality disorders and clinical psychiatric syndromes are common among users of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS). However, the prevalence, expression, and severity of psychopathology differ among AAS users and remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine the existence of potential clinically coherent psychopathology subgroups, using cluster procedures.MethodsA sample of 118 male AAS users and 97 weightlifting nonusers was assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory‐III (MCMI‐III), measuring personality disorders and clinical syndromes. Group differences in MCMI‐III scales were assessed using Wilcoxon‐Mann–Whitney tests and Fisher's exact test. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to identify clusters based on MCMI‐III scale scores from the whole sample.ResultsAAS users displayed significantly higher scores on all personality disorder (except narcissistic) and clinical syndrome scales compared to nonusing weightlifters. The clustering analysis found four separate clusters with different levels and patterns of psychopathology. The “no psychopathology” cluster was most common among nonusing weightlifters, while the three other clusters were more common among AAS users: “severe multipathology,” “low multipathology,” and “mild externalizing.” The “severe multipathology” cluster was found almost exclusively among AAS users. AAS users also displayed the highest scores on drug and alcohol dependence syndromes.ConclusionsAAS users in our sample demonstrated greater psychopathology than the nonusing weightlifters, with many exhibiting multipathology. This may pose a significant challenge to clinical care for AAS users, particularly as there appears to be significant variation in psychopathology in this population. Individual psychiatric profiles should be taken into consideration when providing treatment to this group.Significant Outcomes
As a group, AAS users displayed markedly greater psychopathology than nonusing weightlifters.
Multipathology was common among AAS users.
Four different subgroups of personality profiles were identified with distinct patterns of pathology and severity.
Limitations
The cross‐sectional nature of the study precludes inferences about causality.
The study is limited by possible selection bias, as participants choosing to be involved in research may not be entirely representative for the group as a whole.
The study is vulnerable to information bias, as the results are based on self‐report measures and interviews.
Customer perceived quality of life in provider value cocreation: The mediating role of customer value cocreation and the moderating role of customer emotions
Authors: Islam Shahidul , Muhamad Nazlida , Rokonuzzaman Md , Iyer Pramod , Leong Vai Shiem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the association between service provider value cocreation (PVCC) and customer perceived quality of life (QOL) in a healthcare service context. This study also examines the mediating role of customer value cocreation (CVCC) and the moderating role of customer emotions using a conditional process framework. To examine the conceptual model, data were collected through an online survey of 441 healthcare customers. The hypotheses were tested using covariance‐based structural equation modeling (CB‐SEM) and PROCESS macro. The results show that PVCC positively influences both CVCC and QOL. The effect of CVCC on QOL is positive and significant. CVCC plays a mediating role in the link between PVCC and QOL. In addition, the absence of negative emotion serves as a moderator in improving perceived QOL. Evaluating value cocreation efforts allows service providers to understand their readiness for supportive value cocreation practices. Service providers must also focus on customers' roles in the value cocreation process. In addition, handling customers' emotions should be of particular interest to frontline service providers, because it augments a positive value cocreation practice beneficial to CVCC and QOL enhancement. This study contributes to the value cocreation literature by proposing a framework that combines the value cocreation of service providers and customers in enhancing QOL. This study also explicates and validates the complex role of value cocreation and emotion in the healthcare service context. The theoretical and managerial implications are also presented.
Quantum Computing for Molecular Biology**
Authors: Baiardi Alberto , Christandl Matthias , Reiher Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular biology and biochemistry interpret microscopic processes in the living world in terms of molecular structures and their interactions, which are quantum mechanical by their very nature. Whereas the theoretical foundations of these interactions are well established, the computational solution of the relevant quantum mechanical equations is very hard. However, much of molecular function in biology can be understood in terms of classical mechanics, where the interactions of electrons and nuclei have been mapped onto effective classical surrogate potentials that model the interaction of atoms or even larger entities. The simple mathematical structure of these potentials offers huge computational advantages; however, this comes at the cost that all quantum correlations and the rigorous many‐particle nature of the interactions are omitted. In this work, we discuss how quantum computation may advance the practical usefulness of the quantum foundations of molecular biology by offering computational advantages for simulations of biomolecules. We not only discuss typical quantum mechanical problems of the electronic structure of biomolecules in this context, but also consider the dominating classical problems (such as protein folding and drug design) as well as data‐driven approaches of bioinformatics and the degree to which they might become amenable to quantum simulation and quantum computation.
The α‐WC(0001) Surface as a Hydrogen Sponge: A First Principle Study of H2Dissociation and Formation of Low and High Coverages
Authors: Jimenez‐Orozco Carlos , Flórez Elizabeth , Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTungsten carbide (WC) displays a Pt‐like behavior in catalysis, applied in hydrogenation processes. Numerous theoretical studies have modeled the behavior and use of adsorbed hydrogen without obtaining a general picture, missing basic links between H2dissociation and generation of high surface coverage (ΘH>0.5 ML). Here, the capability of C‐ and W‐terminations of the α‐WC(0001) surface is analyzed to dissociate several H2molecules to produce coverages, ΘH, ranging from low to very high values (0.13<ΘH<2.00 ML). Density functional theory and anab initioatomistic thermodynamic were used to achieve the conditions for H2dissociation. The WC−C surface has higher capacity to dissociate H2molecules than WC−W. However, both surfaces can reach full surface coverage, ΘH=1 ML, at mild ambient conditions, T=300 K and P=1 atm, and even up to 500 K at low and high pressures. The H‐adatoms on WC−W are more labile than on WC−C. The binding of adsorbates is hindered at high ΘH, implying a need to modulate ΘHaccording to the application. The results give the basis to understand the capabilities of WC‐based catalysts in hydrogenation‐related reactions, with the advantage of WC being a hydrogen reservoir at mild practical catalytic conditions.
A novel graph transformation strategy for optimizing SpTRSV on CPUs
Authors: Yılmaz Buse 
Published: May 2023

SummarySparse triangular solve (SpTRSV) is an extensively studied computational kernel. An important obstacle in parallel SpTRSV implementations is that in some parts of a sparse matrix the computation is serial. By transforming the dependency graph, it is possible to increase the parallelism of the parts that lack it. In this work, we present a novel graph transformation strategy to increase the parallelism degree of a sparse matrix and compare it to our previous strategy. It is seen that our transformation strategy can provide a speedup as high as .
Chemically Defined Production of Tri‐Lineage Human iPSC‐Derived Cardiac Spheroids
Authors: Arzt Madelyn , Pohlman Stephany , Mozneb Maedeh , Sharma Arun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiac spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐cardiac spheroids) represent a powerful three‐dimensional (3D) model for examining cardiac physiology and for drug toxicity screening. Recent advances with self‐organizing, multicellular cardiac organoids highlight the capability of directed stem cell differentiation approaches to recapitulate the composition of the human heart in vitro. Using hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs), hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells (hiPSC‐ECs), and hiPSC‐derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC‐CFs) is advantageous for enabling tri‐cellular crosstalk within a multilineage system and for generating patient‐specific models. Chemically defined medium containing factors needed to simultaneously maintain hiPSC‐CMs, hiPSC‐ECs, and hiPSC‐CFs is used to produce the spheroid system. In this article, we present protocols to illustrate the methods for conducting small‐molecule‐mediated differentiations of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and cardiac fibroblasts, as well as to assemble the fully integrated cardiac spheroids. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Maintenance and expansion of hiPSCsBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytesBasic Protocol 3: Differentiation of hiPSCs into vascular endothelial cellsBasic Protocol 4: Differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiac fibroblastsBasic Protocol 5: Production of hiPSC‐derived cardiac spheroids
The promise and limits of moral exemplars for intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation
Authors: Bilewicz Michał , Čehajić‐Clancy Sabina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStories about moral exemplars can provide crucial information about the moral heterogeneity of social groups involved in the conflict. This article addresses the role of moral exemplars narratives in changing perceptions of violent historic intergroup conflicts. We propose that two central outcomes of such interventions make them potentially an effective approach for improving intergroup relations in situations of violent intergroup conflict: (1) facilitation of intergroup contact and (2) increasing reconciliatory attitudes. Although most of the existing research on moral exemplars is focused on their positive outcomes, we suggest that moral exemplars might also have destructive consequences: they could be misused to gain an advantage in an intergroup conflict and might stress the immorality of the non‐helping majority. By integrating these two possibilities, we propose a curvilinear model of the effects of moral exemplars narratives in post‐conflict reconciliation and resolution of violent conflicts.
Maize leaf rolling and its response to drying soil and evaporative demand
Authors: Echarte Laura , Sinclair Thomas R. , Jafarikouhini Nahid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeaf rolling is an adaptive mechanism associated with water deficiencies; however, the physiological processes and environmental factors contributing to leaf rolling are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine (i) a possible relationship between the degree of leaf rolling and soil water content and (ii) the possible influence of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on the degree of leaf rolling. Leaf rolling was measured on maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in pots and subjected to various soil drying and atmospheric VPD treatments. The experimental results indicated that (i) high VPD by itself does not readily induce leaf rolling, and (ii) leaf rolling was observed in proportion to the extent of soil drying. The values of the fraction of transpirable soil water thresholds for the decline in normalized transpiration rate and for the initiation of plant leaf rolling were sensitive to environmental conditions (VPD and temperature). With soil drying, leaf rolling was initiated slightly after the initiation of a decrease in the transpiration rate.
Design of compact fractal patch antenna for X/Ku/K‐band applications
Authors: Sood Mamta , Rai Avinash 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a fractal‐based compact new monopole antenna for wideband applications. The miniaturization has been achieved by incorporating Minkowski and Koch‐snowflake fractals. The proposed antenna design is etched on top of Rogers RT/5880 dielectric material with a dimension of
mm2. The antenna is designed, analyzed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory. The proposed geometry operates over a 8.62–22.40 GHz with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 88.84% and VSWR is less than 2. The proposed monopole antenna exhibits nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns over the entire resonating band with a gain of 1–2.91 dBi and a radiation efficiency of more than 60.5%. Also, the measured results of the prototype make an excellent agreement with the simulated counterpart. Further, the antenna gives good time‐domain characteristics. Therefore, the proposed miniaturized antenna can be used in X/Ku/K‐band applications.
Azole derivatives inhibit wildtype butyrylcholinesterase and its common mutants
Authors: Sari Suat , Önder Seda , Akkaya Didem , Sabuncuoğlu Suna , Zengin Merve , Barut Burak , Karakurt Arzu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAzoles, which have been used for antifungal chemotherapy for decades, have recently been of interest for their efficacy against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). There is little known about the potential of azoles against BChE, however there is none regarding their inhibitory effects against mutants of BChE. In the current study, an azole library of 1‐aryl‐2‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)ethanol/ethanone oxime esters were tested against AChE and BChE, which yielded derivates more potent than the positive control, galantamine, against both isoforms. Kinetic analyses were performed for wildtype and mutant (A328F and A328Y) inhibition for the two most potent BChE inhibitors, pivalic and 3‐bezoylpropanoic acid esters of 2‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐(2‐naphthyl)ethanol, which were found to have great affinity to the wildtype and mutant BChE types with Ki values as low as 0.173 ± 0.012 µM. The compounds were identified to show linear competitive or mixed type inhibition. Molecular modeling confirmed these kinetic data and provided further insights regarding molecular basis of BChE inhibition by the active derivatives. Thus, current study suggests new azole derivatives with promising cholinesterase inhibitory effects and reveals the first set of information to promote our understanding for the inhibitory behavior of this class against the mutant BChE forms.
The importance of multi‐year studies and commercial yield metrics in measuring pollinator dependence ratios: A case study in UK raspberries Rubus idaeus L.
Authors: Ryan Imogen C. , Shutt Jack D. , Dicks Lynn V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe benefit of pollinators to crop production is normally calculated using “pollinator dependence ratios,” which reflect the proportion of yield lost (here reported as a value between 0 and 1) in the absence of pollinators; these ratios are quantified experimentally using pollinator exclusion experiments. Pollinator dependence ratio estimates can vary considerably for a single crop, creating large, frequently overlooked, uncertainty in economic valuations of pollinators. The source of this variation is usually unclear. We experimentally measured the pollinator dependence ratio of two UK commercial cultivars of raspberry Rubus idaeus L., using a range of yield metrics—fruit set, marketable fruit set, fruit weight, and marketable fruit weight—over 3 years (2019–2021), to quantify the effects of yield metric, interannual variation, and cultivar on pollinator dependence ratio estimates. We found a difference in the pollinator dependence ratio for fruit set of 0.71 between 2019 and 2020, showing the importance of carrying out exclusion studies over multiple years. Averaged over multiple years and two cultivars, the dependence ratio was 0.68 measured using marketable fruit set and 0.64 using marketable fruit weight. Imposing a quality threshold (size and shape) below which fruits would not be of commercial value (marketable fruit set/weight) dramatically increased both the pollinator dependence ratio and subsequent economic valuations of pollination service derived from it. Our study shows that, for raspberry, estimates of the pollinator dependence ratio, and therefore, the economic value of insect pollinators, are highly sensitive to the choice of yield metric and can change between years and cultivars. Many economic decisions about pollinator management, at farm, regional and national scales rely on estimates of pollinator dependence. We, therefore, recommend that for estimating pollinator dependence ratios, pollinator exclusion studies are conducted over three or more years and use yield metrics that incorporate quality criteria linked to actual market values and commercial thresholds.
Correlates of early reproduction and apparent fitness consequences in male Soay sheep
Authors: Chapman Elisabeth G. , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLife history trade‐offs are ubiquitous across species and place constraints on the timing of life history events, including the optimal age at first reproduction. However, studies on lifetime breeding success of male mammals are rare due to sex‐biased dispersal and the requirement for genetic paternity inferences. We studied the correlates and apparent fitness consequences of early life reproduction among males in a free‐living population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on St Kilda, Scotland. We investigated the factors associated with early breeding success and the apparent consequences of early success for survival and future reproduction. We used genetic paternity inferences, population data, and individual morphology measurements collected over 30 years. We found that individuals born in years with low‐density population size had the highest early life breeding success and singletons were more likely to be successful than twins. Individuals that bred successfully at 7 months were more likely to survive their first winter. For individuals that survived their first winter, early breeding success was not associated with later breeding success. As individual heterogeneity affects breeding success, we believe that variation in individual quality masks the costs of early reproduction in this population. Our findings provide no evidence for selection for delayed age at reproduction in male Soay sheep.