bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tools for deprescribing in severe dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Christina , Roberts Eliot , Smith Greg , Carland Jane E. , Cordato Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesIdentification of inappropriate medications in people living with severe dementia is a complex task which has the potential to reduce avoidable adverse events and increase quality of life. This scoping review (i) identifies published tools intended to aid deprescribing in people living with severe dementia and (ii) describes evaluations of their usefulness in clinical practice.MethodsA scoping review was undertaken, with Medline, Medline in Process, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from inception to April 2023, identifying tools for deprescribing in severe dementia. A tool was considered as any resource for deprescribing, including clinical study, scientific publication, health guideline, website, algorithm, model or framework. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of articles through abstract and full text review. Data extracted from included studies were summarized through narrative synthesis.ResultsTwelve studies were identified from 18,633 articles screened. Tools were categorized into three groups: deprescribing interventions (n = 2), consensus‐based deprescribing criteria (n = 5), and medication‐specific recommendations (n = 5). Six studies developed tools using expert opinion and ten tools were tested in people living with severe dementia. Only one of the four studies that evaluated patient outcomes (cognitive change and adverse events) identified clear clinical benefit from medication withdrawal.ConclusionsClinical application of current deprescribing tools is limited due to the lack of evidence‐based research on the clinical effects of individual medication deprescribing in people with severe dementia. Further research on patient outcomes, including cognitive change and adverse events, will help clarify the role of these tools in clinical care.
Association between uric acid and depressive symptoms in older adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Joo O. , Park Gyu Nam , Oh Jae Won , Lee San 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundUric acid is known for its antioxidant capacity; however, whether uric acid is independently associated with depression in the older population remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the association between uric acid and depressive symptoms in older adults according to sex, using a large national sample population.MethodsData from the 2016, 2018, and 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed, and 5609 participants older than 60 years were included in this study. We defined a Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score ≥5 as indicating the presence of depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in women with lower uric acid levels than in those with higher uric acid levels. In women, the lower levels of uric acid were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.68; p = 0.005). However, no significant association between uric acid levels and depressive symptoms was observed in men.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that uric acid is associated with depressive symptoms in older women, but not in men. Relatively lower serum uric acid levels in women compared to men and sex differences in oxidative stress may explain the significant association of uric acid levels and depressive symptoms in older women. Further research is needed on sex differences in the relationship between serum uric acid levels and depressive symptoms.
Psychological benefits of the COVID‐19 vaccination: A Bangladeshi comparative study
Authors: Nur Mohammad Imtiaz , Al‐Mamun Firoj , Yasmin Farzana , Mohiuddin Mohammad Sarif , Kaggwa Mark M. , Sikder Md. Tajuddin , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite evidence that COVID‐19 vaccination can strengthen mental health, there is limited evidence about this in Bangladesh. Thus, this comparative study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems between vaccine receivers and nonreceivers.MethodsUsing a snowball sampling technique, a web‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among a total of 459 participants. The survey questionnaire included sociodemographic information, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ—9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD—7), and the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ—10).ResultsThe study found that mental health problems were nonsignificantly prevalent in the vaccine nonreceivers than those who received it (i.e., 24.79% vs. 20.60% for depression, 21.20% vs. 16.60% for anxiety, and 15.30% vs. 12.60% for posttraumatic stress disorder). Female gender, chronic condition, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for mental health problems.ConclusionThis study's findings suggest that the COVID‐19 vaccination necessarily improves mental health outcomes. However, the study had limitations in terms of its design and sampling technique, and further research is needed to establish a cause‐effect relationship between vaccination and mental health problems.
Irrigation optimization in green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) using the AquaCrop model and evolutionary strategy algorithms
Authors: Cruz‐Bautista Fidencio , López‐Cruz Irineo Lorenzo , Rodríguez Julio César , Ochoa‐Meza Andrés , Ruíz‐García Agustín , Er‐Raki Salah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAppropriate irrigation water management has attracted considerable attention because it is crucial to guarantee water and food security worldwide. This study aims to solve a water usage optimization problem for asparagus farming using the Deficit Irrigation Toolbox (DIT) optimization tool and AquaCrop‐OS model. Seven irrigation strategies were planned to assess the yield response of asparagus spears in the region near Caborca, Sonora, Mexico. Three of them were defined according to the usual practices of conventional irrigation, and the other four involved the optimization approach. Crop water productivity responses to 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 mm of supplied water for the crop growing season were generated and assessed for each strategy. Using the irrigation optimization strategy, which involved a defined decision table using the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy, resulted in increased water productivity, making it the best solution to the optimization problem. A spear yield of 11.3–12.1 t ha−1 was obtained using an irrigation depth of 1200 mm, thus resulting in a reduced irrigation depth of 580–615 mm (>30%) for the 2019 growing season and 130–165 mm (±10%) for the 2020 growing season. The novelty of the study is that by formulating a dynamic optimization problem using the AquaCrop‐OS model and DIT, it is demonstrated that the water currently used for irrigation of asparagus crops can be reduced by up to 30%.
Poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL)/poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers loaded by nanoparticles‐containing TGF‐β1 with linearly arranged transforming structure as a scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Kalvand Elham , Bakhshandeh Haleh , Nadri Samad , Habibizadeh Mina , Rostamizadeh Kobra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to present a novel three‐dimensional nanocomposite scaffold using poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL), containing transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐loaded chitosan‐dextran nanoparticles and poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA), to make use of nanofibers and nanoparticles simultaneously. The electrospinning method fabricated a bead‐free semi‐aligned nanofiber composed of PLLA, PCL, and chitosan‐dextran nanoparticles containing TGF‐β1. A biomimetic scaffold was constructed with the desired mechanical properties, high hydrophilicity, and high porosity. Transmission electron microscopy findings showed a linear arrangement of nanoparticles along the core of fibers. Based on the results, burst release was not observed. The maximum release was achieved within 4 days, and sustained release was up to 21 days. The qRT‐PCR results indicated an increase in the expression of aggrecan and collagen type Ι genes compared to the tissue culture polystyrene group. The results indicated the importance of topography and the sustained release of TGF‐β1 from bifunctional scaffolds in directing the stem cell fate in cartilage tissue engineering.
Accurate method for value assignment of carcinoembryonic antigen reference materials
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhao Rui , Fu Wenxuan , Song Yichuan , Wang Qingtao , Yue Yuhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we explored the commutability of reference materials (RMs) for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), selected the appropriate diluent matrix of the first International Reference Preparation (IRP) 73/601 of the World Health Organization (WHO 73/601) for CEA, and improved the comparability of CEA measurement results among different assay systems.MethodsForty serum samples were divided into five aliquots. WHO 73/601 was diluted into nine concentrations using five diluents with different components, and the candidate RMs for CEA at five concentrations (C1–C5) were prepared by the Beijing Clinical Laboratory Center (BCCL). The samples were analyzed via five automated CEA immunoassays.ResultsCarcinoembryonic antigen candidate RMs were commutable among all immunoassays based on the CLSI approach and among 7 of 10 assay combinations based on the IFCC approach. WHO 73/601 diluted in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was commutable among all assays based on the CLSI approach and among 5 of 10 pairwise comparisons based on the IFCC approach with correction of bias at diluted concentrations, except for the lowest concentration, which had the smallest variation among systems. The median percentage biases among assays were decreased after calibration.ConclusionThe BCCL candidate RMs (C2–C5) for CEA were commutable among all immunoassays. WHO 73/601 RMs diluted in a PBS buffer matrix were selected as common calibrators for five immunoassays, which reduced bias, thereby effectively improving the harmonization of CEA detection; therefore, they could be used to assign values to CEA candidate RMs developed by BCCL. Our findings promote the harmonization of CEA detection in immunoassays.
Monocytic and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation in acute leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement
Authors: Xue Owen , Curry Choladda V. , Fang Hong , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement shows a spectrum of immunophenotypic presentation, but blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation is extremely rare. Here we present a case of KMT2A rearranged acute leukemia with a hybrid immunophenotype in which a single blast population showed both blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell and monocytic differentiation. This unusual case contributes to the diversity of the immunophenotypic spectrum in KMT2A rearranged acute leukemia and also sheds light on the cell of origin of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
外傷を契機に両側に生じた総大腿動脈内膜損傷の1例(A case of bilateral common femoral artery intima injury triggered by trauma)
Authors: 晋也 上山 , 彰太 中尾 , 大資 根本 , 賢治 日下部 , 晋吾 安達 , 哲也 松岡 
Published: July 2023

要旨症例は18歳の男性。約1mの高さから800kgのH型の鉄骨が骨盤部へ落下し受傷，当院へ搬送となった。両側の足背動脈の触知は微弱であり，左下腿は変形・腫脹していた。とくに，左足関節以遠の皮膚の色調は不良，かつ冷感を伴っていた。精査すると，安定型骨盤骨折と左脛骨骨折に加え，両側大腿動脈の血管の一部に壁不整および途絶の所見を認めた。左側優位の阻血徴候に対して，骨折の関与も疑い，両側の大腿動脈損傷に対する血行再建術と，左脛骨骨折に対する創外固定術を同時並行で行う方針とした。術中，両側の総大腿動脈（common femoral artery: CFA）の外膜に明らかな損傷はなく，内膜は両側ともに約20mm離断していた。大伏在静脈グラフトを用いた血管置換術を行い，足背動脈の触知と左足関節以遠の阻血徴候はともに改善した。術後，急性期の合併症なく経過し，後日リハビリ目的に転院となった。鈍的外傷を契機に総大腿動脈損傷の症例はしばしば報告されるが，血管の内膜のみに限局した総大腿動脈損傷の報告例は少なく，両側同時に損傷した報告例は過去にない。大腿動脈の内膜損傷における治療戦略は，一定の見解を得られていない。しかし本例のように阻血徴候を伴う場合，内膜損傷部の残存による血流不全のリスクを回避するため，自家静脈や人工血管を用いた血管修復術や血管置換術が求められる。
VA ECMOを導入した重度低温曝露性低体温症における多様な心電図変化と神経学的転帰(Various electrocardiogram changes and neurological outcome in patients with severe cold–exposure hypothermia treated with veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)
Authors: 将樹 長間 , 恒 鹿野 , 祐貴 安武 , 敬介 坂東 , 晃生 遠藤 , 広一 大西 , 秀明 吉原 
Published: July 2023

要旨【目的】体温28℃以下の重度偶発性低体温症は心停止で発見されることも多く，多彩な心電図波形変化を来すとともに搬送中に心停止に移行する救助時虚脱（rescue collapse）も発生しうる。これらの心電図波形変化とVA ECMO治療による転帰について検討した。【対象】2001年2月～2017年1月にVA ECMOを導入した低温曝露性低体温症34例を対象とし，低温曝露場所，初期心電図波形，rescue collapseの発生，搬入時体温，転帰を後方視的に調査した。【結果】34例中2例はbradycardiaの循環不安定であり，23例が心停止で発見され，rescue collapseを9例に認めた。VA ECMO離脱79%，生存68%，神経学的転帰良好59%で，rescue collapseの78%が神経学的転帰良好であった。発見時心停止症例の初期心電図波形別の神経学的転帰良好率はそれぞれVF 57%，PEA 100%，心静止 25%であった。【結語】重度低温曝露性低体温症ではrescue collapseを含め，多彩な心電図波形変化を呈するが，心電図波形がPEAや心静止でもVA ECMOを用いて救命されることも多い。rescue collapseを起こしうることを念頭において搬送し，低体温であることを意識した，平温時の心電図評価とは異なる視点での治療が必要と考えられた。
Impact of bowel space contouring variability on radiation dose and volume assessments in treatment planning for gynaecologic cancers
Authors: Kraja Fatjona , Kauweloa Kevin , Ganju Rohit G. , Hoover Andrew C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCorrelations between radiation dose/volume measures and small bowel (SB) toxicity are inconsistent in the medical literature. We assessed the impact of inter‐provider variation in bowel bag contouring technique on estimates of radiation dose received by the SB during pelvic radiotherapy.MethodsTen radiation oncologists contoured rectum, bladder and bowel bags on treatment planning computed tomography (CT) scans of two patients receiving adjuvant radiation for endometrial cancer. A radiation plan was generated for each patient and used to determine the radiation dose/volume for each organ. Kappa statistics were applied to assess the inter‐provider contouring agreement, and Levene test evaluated the homogeneity of variance for radiation dose/volume metrics, including the V45Gy (cm3).ResultsThe bowel bag showed greater variation in radiation dose/volume estimates compared to the bladder and rectum. The V45Gy ranged from 163 to 384 cm3 for data set A and 109 to 409 cm3 for dataset B. Kappa values were 0.82/0.83, 0.92/0.92 and 0.94/0.86 for the bowel bag, rectum, and bladder on data sets A/B, demonstrating lower inter‐provider agreement for bowel bag compared with bladder and rectum.ConclusionInter‐provider contouring variability is more significant for the bowel bag than the rectum and bladder, with an associated greater variability in dose and volume estimates during radiation planning.
COVID‐19 vaccination and decreased death rates: A county‐level study in Pennsylvania
Authors: Ramunno Maria , Savitz Ryan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper we examine the relationship between vaccination against COVID‐19 and both the death rate from COVID‐19 and the rate of COVID‐19 spread. Our goal is determine if vaccination is associated with reduced death and/or spread of disease at the local level. This analysis was conducted at the county level in the state of Pennsylvania, United States of America, with data that were collected during the first half of 2022 from the state of Pennsylvania's Covid Dashboard (COVID‐19 Data for Pennsylvania (pa.gov). This study finds the vaccines to be highly effective in preventing death from Corona virus, even at a time when there was a mismatch between the vaccines and the prevalent variants. Specifically, a 1% increase in vaccination rate was found to correspond to a 0.751% decrease in death rate (95% confidence interval [0.236%, 1.266%]). Given that, during this time period, the vaccines being used were not geared specifically toward the common variants at that time, we found no statistically significant relationship between disease spread and vaccination rate at the county level. These results support previous findings from across the world that Covid vaccination is highly efficacious in preventing death from the disease. Even during a time when vaccine design was not optimally matched with the prevailing strains, vaccination was found to reduce death rate. Hence, improving global vaccine availability is vitally important, to achieve necessary outcomes.
Bacterial and fungal superinfections are detected at higher frequency in critically ill patients affected by SARS CoV‐2 infection than negative patients and are associated to a worse outcome
Authors: De Francesco Maria Antonia , Signorini Liana , Piva Simone , Pellizzeri Simone , Fumarola Benedetta , Corbellini Silvia , Piccinelli Giorgio , Simonetti Francesca , Carta Valentina , Mangeri Lucia , Padovani Michela , Vecchiati Daniela , Latronico Nicola , Castelli Francesco , Caruso Arnaldo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPatients with viral infections are at higher risk to acquire bacterial and fungal superinfections associated with a worse prognosis. We explored this critical point in the setting of patients with severe COVID‐19 disease. The study included 1911 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) during a 2‐year study period (March 2020–March 2022). Of them, 713 (37.3%) were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and 1198 were negative (62.7%). Regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors associated with the presence of bacterial and/or fungal superinfections in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients and to evaluate predictors of ICU mortality. Of the 713 patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 473 (66.3%) had respiratory and/or bloodstream bacterial and/or fungal superinfections, while of the 1198 COVID‐19‐negative patients, only 369 (30%) showed respiratory and/or bloodstream bacterial and/or fungal superinfections (p < 0.0001). Baseline characteristics of COVID‐19 patients included a median age of 66 (interquartile range [IQR], 58–73), a predominance of males (72.7%), and the presence of a BMI higher than 24 (median 26; IQR, 24.5–30.4). Seventy‐four percent (527, 73.9%) had one or more comorbidities and 135 (18.9%) of them had received previous antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, most of them (473, 66.3%) exhibited severe radiological pictures and needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 1 unit increment in BMI rises the risk of bacterial and/or fungal superinfections acquisition by 3% and 1‐day increment in ICU stays rises the risk of bacterial and/or fungal superinfections acquisition by 11%. Furthermore, 1‐day increment in mechanical ventilation rises the risk of bacterial and/or fungal superinfection acquisition by 2.7 times. Furthermore, patients with both bacterial and fungal infections had a significantly higher mortality rate than patients without superinfections (45.8% vs. 26.2%, p < 0.0001). Therefore, bacterial and fungal superinfections are frequent in COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICU and their presence is associated with a worse outcome. This is an important consideration for targeted therapies in critically ill SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients to improve their clinical course.
A fully human monoclonal antibody possesses antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against the H1 subtype of influenza A virus by targeting a conserved epitope at the HA1 protomer interface
Authors: Gao Rongyuan , Wang Zhao , Uprety Tirth , Sreenivasan Chithra C. , Sheng Zizhang , Hause Ben M. , Brunick Colin , Wu Hua , Luke Thomas , Bausch Christoph L. , Sullivan Eddie J. , Hoppe Adam D. , Huber Victor C. , Wang Dan , Li Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe DiversitabTM system produces target specific high titer fully human polyclonal IgG immunoglobulins from transchromosomic (Tc) bovines shown to be safe and effective against multiple virulent pathogens in animal studies and Phase 1, 2 and 3 human clinical trials. We describe the functional properties of a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), 38C2, identified from this platform, which recognizes recombinant H1 hemagglutinins (HAs) and induces appreciable antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro. Interestingly, 38C2 monoclonal antibody demonstrated no detectable neutralizing activity against H1N1 virus in both hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. Nevertheless, this human monoclonal antibody induced appreciable ADCC against cells infected with multiple H1N1 strains. The HA‐binding activity of 38C2 was also demonstrated in flow cytometry using Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells infected with multiple influenza A H1N1 viruses. Through further investigation with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay involving the HA peptide array and 3‐dimensional structural modeling, we demonstrated that 38C2 appears to target a conserved epitope located at the HA1 protomer interface of H1N1 influenza viruses. A novel mode of HA‐binding and in vitro ADCC activity pave the way for further evaluation of 38C2 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat influenza virus infections in humans.
Genetic characteristics of classical astroviruses in Shenzhen, China, 2016–2019
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Wang Xin , He Yaqing , Hu Mingda , Jin Lianqun , Zhang Hailong , Jin Yuan , Wang Boqian , Yue Junjie , Liang Shengnan , Zhang Chuanfu , Li Kexin , Peng Zhixi , Tian Sai , Qiu Shaofu , Song Hongbin , Ren Hongguang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA virus and is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. However, despite its prevalence, astroviruses still remain one of the least studied enteroviruses. In this study, we sequenced 11 classical astrovirus strains from clinical samples collected in Shenzhen, China from 2016 to 2019, analyzed their genetic characteristics, and deposited them into GenBank. We conducted phylogenetic analysis using IQ‐TREE software, with references to astrovirus sequences worldwide. The phylogeographic analysis was performed using the Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees program, through Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. We also conducted recombination analysis with the Recombination Detection Program. The newly sequenced strains were categorized as HAstV genotype 1, which is the predominant genotype in Shenzhen. Phylogeographic reconstruction indicated that HAstV‐1 may have migrated from the United States to China, followed by frequent transmission between China and Japan. The recombination analysis revealed recombination events within and across genotypes, and identified a recombination‐prone region that produced relatively uniform recombination breakpoints and fragment lengths. The genetic analysis of HAstV strains in Shenzhen addresses the current lack of astrovirus data in the region of Shenzhen and provides key insights to the evolution and transmission of astroviruses worldwide. These findings highlight the importance of improving surveillance of astroviruses.