bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentose Pathway Activation Is Superior to Increased Glycolysis for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Zaied Abdelrahman A. , Ushio‐Fukai Masuko , Fukai Tohru , Kovacs‐Kasa Anita , Alhusban Suhib , Sudhahar Varadarajan , Ganta Vijay C. , Annex Brian H. 
Published: March 2023

Background

In endothelial cells (ECs), glycolysis, regulated by PFKFB3 (6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase, isoform‐3), is the major metabolic pathway for ATP generation. In preclinical peripheral artery disease models, VEGF
165
a (vascular endothelial growth factor
165
a) and microRNA‐93 both promote angiogenesis.

Methods and Results

Mice following hind‐limb ischemia (HLI) and ECs with, and without, hypoxia and serum starvation were examined with, and without, microRNA‐93 and VEGF
165
a. Post‐HLI perfusion recovery was monitored. EC metabolism was studied using seahorse assay, and the expression and activity of major metabolism genes were assessed. Reactive oxygen species levels and EC permeability were evaluated. C57Bl/6J mice generated a robust angiogenic response to HLI, with ECs from ischemic versus nonischemic muscle demonstrating no increase in glycolysis. Balb/CJ mice generated a poor angiogenic response post‐HLI; ischemic versus nonischemic ECs demonstrated significant increase in glycolysis. MicroRNA‐93‐treated Balb/CJ mice post‐HLI showed better perfusion recovery, with ischemic versus nonischemic ECs showing no increase in glycolysis. VEGF
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a‐treated Balb/CJ mice post‐HLI showed no improvement in perfusion recovery with ischemic versus nonischemic ECs showing significant increase in glycolysis. ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation upregulated PFKFB3. In ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation, VEGF
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a versus control significantly upregulated PFKFB3 and glycolysis, whereas miR‐93 versus control demonstrated no increase in PFKFB3 or glycolysis. MicroRNA‐93 versus VEGF
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a upregulated glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase expression and activity, activating the pentose phosphate pathway. MicroRNA‐93 versus control increased reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and virtually eliminated the increase in reactive oxygen species. In ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation, VEGF
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a significantly increased and miR‐93 decreased EC permeability.

Conclusions
In peripheral artery disease, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway to promote angiogenesis may offer potential therapeutic advantages.
A Personal Perspective on Evolutionary Computation: A 35-Year
Journey
Authors: Michalewicz Zbigniew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a personal account of the author's 35 years “adventure” with Evolutionary Computation—from the first encounter in 1988 and many years of academic research through to working full-time in business—successfully implementing evolutionary algorithms for some of the world's largest corporations. The paper concludes with some observations and insights.
Of Peacekeepers and Pandemics
Authors: Leib Julia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Little is known about the role social media can play in support of peacekeeping missions, especially in times of crisis. Looking at the use of Facebook by the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, this article reconstructs social media practices of a peacekeeping mission in a global crisis. To assess how UNMISS used Facebook, it first connects research on discursive legitimation efforts by international organizations with work on strategic communication. Second, it provides a content analysis on Facebook posts published by UNMISS between 2018 and 2022 to determine how the mission engaged with its audience, how it framed its engagement, what topics were being addressed, and how the Covid-19 pandemic changed these communication patterns. Results show a conscious “propaganda for peace” strategy of the peacekeeping mission as UNMISS framed itself as a positive force for the peace process, using tailored communication strategies that rarely engaged in two-way communication, even in times of crisis.
Detection of Land-Use Change and Rapid Recovery of Vegetation after Deforestation in the Congo Basin
Authors: Adams Coralie E. , Garcia-Carreras Luis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Congo Basin is severely understudied compared to other tropical regions; this is partly due to the lack of meteorological stations and the ubiquitous cloudiness hampering the use of remote sensing products. Clustering of small-scale agricultural deforestation events within the basin may result in deforestation on scales that are atmospherically important. This study uses 500-m MODIS data and the Global Forest Change dataset (GFC) to detect deforestation at a monthly and subkilometer scale and to quantify how deforestation impacts vegetation proxies (VPs) within the basin, the time scales over which these changes persist, and how they are affected by the deforestation driver. Missing MODIS data meant that a new method, based on two-date image differencing, was developed to detect deforestation on a monthly scale. Evaluation against the yearly GFC data shows that the highest detection rate was 79% for clearing sizes larger than 500 m2. Recovery to predeforestation levels occurred faster than expected; analysis of postdeforestation evolution of the VPs found 66% of locations recovered within a year. Separation by land-cover type also showed unexpected regrowth, as over 50% of rural complex and plantation land recovered within a year. The fallow period in the study region was typically short; by the sixth year after the initial deforestation event, ∼88% of the locations underwent a further considerable drop. These results show the importance of fine spatial and temporal information to assess Congo Basin deforestation and highlight the large differences in the impacts of land-use change compared to other rain forests.
Assessment of IMERG v06 Satellite Precipitation Products in the Canadian Great Lakes Region
Authors: Zhao Bo , Hudak David , Rodriguez Peter , Mekis Eva , Brunet Dominique , Eckert Ellen , Melo Stella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM; IMERG) is a high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset widely used around the world. This study assessed the performance of the half-hourly IMERG v06 Early and Final Runs over a 5-yr period versus 19 high-quality surface stations in the Great Lakes region of North America. This assessment not only looked at precipitation occurrence and amount, but also studied the IMERG Quality Index (QI) and errors related to passive microwave (PMW) sources. Analysis of bias in accumulated precipitation amount and precipitation occurrence statistics suggests that IMERG presents various uncertainties with respect to time scale, meteorological season, PMW source, QI, and land surface type. Results indicate that 1) the cold season’s (November–April) larger relative bias can be mitigated via backward morphing; 2) IMERG 6-h precipitation amount scored best in the warmest season (JJA) with a consistent overestimation of the frequency bias index − 1 (FBI-1); 3) the performance of five PMW sources is affected by the season to different degrees; 4) in terms of some metrics, skills do not always enhance with increasing QI; 5) local lake effects lead to higher correlation and equitable threat score (ETS) for the stations closest to the lakes. Results of this study will be beneficial to both developers and users of IMERG precipitation products.

Significance Statement
The purpose of the study was to assess the performance of the gridded precipitation product from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) version 6 over the Great Lakes region of North America. The assessment performs a statistical comparison of precipitation amounts from IMERG versus surface stations as a function of time scale, season, precipitation event threshold, and input source among satellites. Interpretation of the results identifies shortcomings in the IMERG algorithms, particularly in extreme precipitation events and over ice-covered surfaces. The results also describe spatial variability in the IMERG data quality due to the complex geography of the study area and offer a clear threshold in the Quality Index (QI) flag for optimal application of the precipitation products.
An Evaluation of Non-Gaussian Data Assimilation Methods in Moist Convective Regimes
Authors: McCurry Joshua , Poterjoy Jonathan , Knopfmeier Kent , Wicker Louis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Obtaining a faithful probabilistic depiction of moist convection is complicated by unknown errors in subgrid-scale physical parameterization schemes, invalid assumptions made by data assimilation (DA) techniques, and high system dimensionality. As an initial step toward untangling sources of uncertainty in convective weather regimes, we evaluate a novel Bayesian data assimilation methodology based on particle filtering within a WRF ensemble analysis and forecasting system. Unlike most geophysical DA methods, the particle filter (PF) represents prior and posterior error distributions nonparametrically rather than assuming a Gaussian distribution and can accept any type of likelihood function. This approach is known to reduce bias introduced by Gaussian approximations in low-dimensional and idealized contexts. The form of PF used in this research adopts a dimension-reduction strategy, making it affordable for typical weather applications. The present study examines posterior ensemble members and forecasts for select severe weather events between 2019 and 2020, comparing results from the PF with those from an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We find that assimilating with a PF produces posterior quantities for microphysical variables that are more consistent with model climatology than comparable quantities from an EnKF, which we attribute to a reduction in DA bias. These differences are significant enough to impact the dynamic evolution of convective systems via cold pool strength and propagation, with impacts to forecast verification scores depending on the particular microphysics scheme. Our findings have broad implications for future approaches to the selection of physical parameterization schemes and parameter estimation within preexisting data assimilation frameworks.

Significance Statement
The accurate prediction of severe storms using numerical weather models depends on effective parameterization schemes for small-scale processes and the assimilation of incomplete observational data in a manner that faithfully represents the probabilistic state of the atmosphere. Current generation methods for data assimilation typically assume a standard form for the error distributions of relevant quantities, which can introduce bias that not only hinders numerical prediction, but that can also confound the characterization of errors from the model itself. The current study performs data assimilation using a novel method that does not make such assumptions and explores characteristics of resulting model fields and forecasts that might make such a method useful for improving model parameterization schemes.
Quintessential Solutions to Existential Problems: How Human Factors and Ergonomics Can and Should Address the Imminent Challenges of Our Times
Authors: Hancock P. A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective To examine and evaluate ways in which an understanding of the quintessential element of Human Factors/Ergonomics can address the spectrum of existential threats that confront contemporary civilization. Background HF/E is dedicated to improving quality of life. Paradoxically, many processes which sustain contemporary civilization act to reduce that overall quality. Some technological developments themselves now even present existential threats to the fragile skein of civilization itself. Many disciplines address these diverse threats, and each may be advised and facilitated by HF/E knowledge and methods. It is a moral imperative of our science to contribute what we can to proposed resolutions. Method A primary conduit, by the established strengths of HF/E can contribute to potential solutions is identified. The present work advocates for specific, practical interventions using a direct-perception mediated, panopticon principle, that derives from the corpus of our science. Result Limitations upon a general, social understanding of imminent global concerns, which are largely ignorable when not actually present, are brought to immediate consciousness via an HF/E principle emphasizing the direct-perception of threat. It is argued that this, and allied HF/E insights can generate practical steps toward problem resolution at both macroscopic and localized levels of implementation. Applications The primary, practical application of the proposed panopticon principle is to use our science to save global civilization. It is postulated that this represents useful employment of the knowledge we have adduced and accumulated across our discipline’s existence.
Phase-based concerns of caregivers for individuals with a bipolar disorder
Authors: Spoelma Michael J. , Ponte Katherine M. , Parker Gordon 
Published: March 2023

Background: Caregivers have a key role in providing social and practical support for individuals with bipolar disorder. As such, their perspectives are uniquely important when collaborative decisions are made on management priorities and potential treatment options. Aims: This study aims to identify common concerns that caregivers have in the management of an individual with a bipolar disorder. Method: 111 caregivers were recruited from online advertisements and social media support groups. They completed a questionnaire that obtained demographic and clinical feature details, in addition to whether a series of generic and phase-specific (i.e. depressive or hypo/manic) management concerns reflected their experiences of caregiving. Results: Concerns about work capacity and family impacts were almost ubiquitous, as were general feelings of ineffectiveness and irritation. Depressive phases were more likely to elicit fears of suicide by caregivers, while during hypo/manic phases caregivers were more likely to be angered, have concerns for their own safety, call emergency services or to take safety precautions. There were no differences between bipolar subtypes with regards to concerns during depressive phases, but concerns around safety, reputational damage and risky behaviours were more likely in relation to those experiencing bipolar I manic phases compared to bipolar II hypomanic phases. Conclusions: The concerns identified by caregivers in this paper are consistent with clinical expectations, with concerns regarding insularity and externalisation being prominent for depression and hypo/mania respectively. Not all of these caregivers’ concerns would necessarily be communicated in a healthcare setting, highlighting the need for an embracive approach to improve management outcomes. Additionally, caregivers’ emphasis on their distinctive altruistic concerns highlights their commitment to care despite the challenges, and thus further highlights the potential for clinicians to implement a more proactive role for them in patient care.
Social environment and moment-to-moment variation in self-construal among Latinx emerging adults: An ecological momentary assessment approach
Authors: Kho Carmen , Zawadzki Matthew , Main Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

Self-construal involves how one thinks of themselves in relations to others, including how much one thinks of themselves as separate from others (independent) or connected (interdependent). Researchers have typically assumed these self-perceptions are stable. However, given self-construal’s basis in the perceptions of others and the self, it is highly likely that self-construal can vary in different social environments. Thus, the goals of the present study were to examine (1) whether independent and interdependent self-construal fluctuates within-person among Latinx emerging adults from day-to-day and moment-to-moment, and (2) how individuals’ social environment is concurrently associated with fluctuations in self-construal. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), Latinx emerging adults (N = 191) reported on their independent and interdependent self-construal, as well as aspects of their social environment (occurrence of social interaction, interaction partner, quality of social interaction, and closeness of relationship) twice a day for 14 days, for up to 4058 observations in total. Using multilevel modeling to partition the variance in self-construal at the moment, day, and person level, we found substantial moment-to-moment variation. Further analyses indicated that aspects of the social environment were consistently associated with interdependent, but not independent, self-construal. The findings highlight the need to re-conceptualize changes in self-construal as a function of the social environment, and the need to measure aspects of culture, including self-construal, using ecologically valid measures that allow for more dynamic and sensitive assessments.
Outcomes of hepaticojejunostomy for post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury
Authors: Ahmad Humaid , Zia Haseeb Haider , Salih Mohammad , Naseer Muhammad , Khan Nusrat Yar , Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez 
Published: March 2023

Objectives Long-term results of hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) for complex bile duct injury (BDI) remain under-reported. The objective of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes of HJ for post-cholecystectomy BDI. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study and included patients who underwent Roux-en-Y HJ for BDI (n = 87). Short-term (90-day) and long-term morbidity and mortality were assessed. Results At presentation, 42 (48.2%) patients had E3 or E4 BDI, 27 (31%) patients had vascular injury, and liver resection was performed in 12 (13.7%) patients. The 90-day morbidity was 51.7% (n = 45), and the 90-day mortality was 2.3% (n = 2). The long-term mortality was 3.4% (n = 3). The 10-year estimated stricture-free survival was 95%. The 10-year estimated overall survival rate was 100% in patients who underwent major hepatectomy and 91% in patients who did not. The 10-year estimated overall survival rate was 100% in patients with vasculobiliary injury and was not reached in patients without vascular injury. Conclusions Vascular injury with proximal BDI is not uncommon. Excellent long-term outcomes might be achieved with Roux-en-Y HJ for BDI with vascular injury and in patients requiring liver resection.
Moral distress in long-term care questionnaire modification and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Tan Amil Kusain , Samuels William Ellery , Backhaus Ramona , Capezuti Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

Background Licensed nurses working in long-term care facilities experience ethical challenges if not resolved can lead to moral distress. There is a lack of an English-language validated tool to adequately measure moral distress in the long-term care setting. Aims To describe the modification and psychometric evaluation of the Moral Distress Questionnaire. Methods Instrument development and psychometric evaluation. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s α to establish reliability was conducted using SPSS version 27.0 while SPSS Amos version 27.0 was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the Moral Distress Questionnaire Participants A national sample of US-licensed nurses who provided direct resident care in long-term care settings were recruited via a targeted sampling method using Facebook from 7 December 2020 to 7 March 2021. Ethical Consideration The study was approved by the university’s human research protection program. Informed consent was provided to all participants. Results A total of 215 participants completed the surveys. Confirmatory analysis indicated that the 21-item scale with a 4-factor structure for the Moral Distress Questionnaire model met the established criteria and demonstrates an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.0, CFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.77, RMSEA = 0.07). Factor loadings for each item depict a moderate to a strong relationship (range 0.36–0.70) with the given underlying construct. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.87 for the overall scale and 0.60–0.74 for its subscales which demonstrate good reliabilities. Discussion This is the first English-language validated tool to adequately measure moral distress in the long-term care setting experienced by US long-term care nurses. This reliable and well-validated tool will help identify moral distress situations experienced by US long-term care nurses. Conclusion The modified 21-item English version of the Moral Distress Questionnaire is reliable tool that demonstrates good psychometric properties to validly measure sources of moral distress among direct resident care nurses.
Trends and ethical issues in nursing during disasters: A systematic review
Authors: Fithriyyah Yayu N , Alda Atikah K , Haryani Haryani 
Published: March 2023

Background During a disaster, nurses face complex ethical challenges because of risky situations. It is necessary to identify trends and ethical issues of nurses in disasters to improve the quality of care and impact for nurses. Method This systematic review enrolled in the international registration with PROSPERO: CRD42022350765. We searched the following databases: PubMed, EBSCO MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Sage Pub. The inclusion criteria were developed according to PICO and D; are Population (F): involving nurses; intervention/Exposure (I): disaster, Comparison (C): none; outcome (O): ethical practice. And Design (D): qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Years of publication were 2012–2022, with full text in English. The quality of study assessment used was The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. Analysis used PICO synthesis. Results There were 15 studies reviewed from 2093 results, including cross-sectional (4/15, 26.6%), qualitative (9/15, 60%), and mixed methods (2/15, 13.3%) studies. The types of disasters were: COVID-19 (7/15, 46.6%), infectious (4/15, 26.6%), and all disaster events (4/15, 26.6%). The main themes were: (1) ethical issues in disasters have the potential to address ethical dilemmas, (2) factors applying nursing ethics to support ethical decision-making in disasters, (3) strategies for applying ethics and dealing with ethical issues in disasters, and (4) the impact of applying ethics in disasters. Conclusion Applying ethics nursing in a disaster is influenced by various factors. This framework for ethical nursing in disasters aims to help nurses, educational institutions, and policymakers develop schemes or scenarios to enhance responsible ethical decisions in disasters.