bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraging behaviors of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feed on the invasive pest, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Yalçın Kemal , Döker İsmail , Kazak Cengiz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent population outbreaks of citrus brown mite,Eutetranychus orientalis(Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae), were observed in the Çukurova region, a region that supplies approximately 80% of total citrus production in Turkey. Therefore, to obtain preliminary data, regarding biological control of this pest, functional and numerical responses of two commonly found predatory mites,Amblyseius swirskiiAthias-Henriot andEuseius scutalis(Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) in citrus orchards, to egg and protonymph stages ofE. orientaliswere determined under laboratory conditions.ResultsIn the experiments, six different prey densities (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) for each selected biological stage of the prey were provided to the predatory mite for 24 h. According to results, the proportion of prey consumed byA.swirskiidecreased with increasing egg and protonymph stages of the prey densities. Similarly, the proportion of protonymph consumption ofE.scutalisdecreased with increasing prey densities, but egg consumption of the predator showed no discernible response to increasing densities.A. swirskiiexhibited a type II functional response in both prey stages, whereasE.scutalisshowed a type II response only for the protonymph stage of the prey. The attack rate (α) and the handling time (Th) varied between the biological stages and also predatory mite species. The highestα(0.066 h−1) and the lowestTh(0.536 h) values were determined when theA.swirskiiwas fed on protonymph stage ofE.orientalis. The numerical response curves were found to be similar to those of Type II functional response. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of the both predatory mite species females decreased on both tested stages when prey density increased. The highest and the lowest average daily mean number of eggs laid byE.scutaliswas found as 0.20 and 1.40 when it fed on eggs and protonymphs of its prey, respectively.ConclusionBoth predatory mite species were evaluated as potential and promising biological control agents in the sustainable control ofE.orientalisin citrus orchards.
Suction drainage in total knee replacement does not influence early functional outcomes or blood loss: a randomized control trial
Authors: Maliarov Anton , Newman Nicholas , Sabouret Pierre , Al-Shakfa Fidaa , Chergui Sami , Lavoie Frédéric 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The use of wound drainage following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of suction drainage on early postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent TKA with concomitant administration of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA).

Method
One hundred forty-six patients undergoing primary TKA with systematic intravenous TXA were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first "Study group" (n = 67) received no suction drain and the second "Control" group (n = 79) had a suction drain. Perioperative hemoglobin levels, blood loss, complications, and length of hospital stay were assessed in both groups. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were also compared at a 6-week follow-up.

Results
The study group was found to have higher hemoglobin levels preoperatively and during the first two days following surgery, and no difference was found between the groups on the third day. No significant discrepancies at any time were found between groups in terms of blood loss, length of hospitalization, knee range of motion, and KOOS score. Complications requiring further treatment were observed in one patient from the study group and ten patients from the control group.

Conclusion
The use of suction drains after TKA with TXA did not alter early postoperative outcomes.
Assessment of tomographic window and sampling rate effects on GNSS water vapor tomography
Authors: Yang Fei , Sun Yilin , Meng Xiaolin , Guo Jiming , Gong Xu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) water vapor tomography is increasingly important in GNSS meteorology. As the multi-GNSS and more ground-based GNSS sites can be incorporated into the regional water vapor tomographic model, determining the tomographic window and sampling rate is crucial for the modelling of the water vapor tomography. These two factors affect not only the number of available signal rays from the satellites, but also the number of tomographic voxels crossed by the signal rays. This study uses Hong Kong as the research area to explore the impact of 12 schemes with different tomographic window and sampling rate on the three water vapor tomography methods, including Least squares, Kalman filtering, and Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART). Numerical results show that the tomographic results with the three methods get better as the width of the tomographic window decreases and the sampling rate increases in these 12 schemes, and it is found that the Least squares method is most affected by the two factors, followed by Kalman filtering and MART methods. It is recommended to set a tomographic window width of 10 min and a sampling rate of 300 s in a GNSS water vapor tomographic experiment with dense GNSS site like Hong Kong.
Relationship between bronchial asthma and COVID-19 infection in adults: clinical and laboratory assessment
Authors: Rawy Abeer M. , Sadek Mohamed S. , Mogahed Mysara M. , Khamis Afaf , Allam Amira H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Asthma is still considered a major chronic respiratory disease that affects a large number in the world. The association between COVID-19 infection and asthma was studied in different ways focusing on hospital-admitted patients. This study aimed to assess the outcome of patients with asthma and/or COVID infection in adults attending outpatient pulmonary clinic over three successive months from clinical and laboratory point of view.

Patients and methods
The current study was a retrospective observational study involving 898 patients attending the outpatient pulmonary clinic of a Saudi Arabian private hospital over three successive months from the 1st of December 2020 to the end of February 2021. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1—COVID-19 infected with asthma (312); group 2—COVID-19 infected with no asthma (286); and group 3—COVID-19 non-infected with asthma (300).

Results and conclusions
Results showed the best patient’s outcome was seen in asthmatic patients without COVID-19 infection followed by asthmatic patient with COVID-19 infection. There was a significant statistical difference in eosinophil count between COVID-19-infected patients with asthma and COVID-19 infected without asthma. Also, it was shown that the most common cause of hospitalization in asthmatic patients with COVID-19 infection was pneumonia followed by gastroenteritis and not an asthma exacerbation.
Glucagonoma-induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Young Woman
Authors: Ng Jennifer Lourdes , Ponce Lee Matthew , Jasul Gabriel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 27-year-old woman presented with an epigastric mass, accompanied by emesis and weight loss. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a pancreatic head-body mass and liver metastasis. Biopsy revealed well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, grade 3. Chromogranin and synaptophysin stains were positive, with a Ki-67 index of 33.6%. Increased frequency of episodic emesis with incomprehensible speech and right-sided weakness prompted admission. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a subacute cerebrovascular infarct. Serum glucagon was markedly elevated. On the third hospital day, neurologic symptoms progressed, with repeat cranial MRI demonstrating acute lacunar infarcts. Two-dimensional echocardiography was consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Because of her fragile condition, she was not a candidate for surgery and chemotherapy. She was treated with long-acting octreotide every 4 weeks for a total of 10 doses. Posttreatment, a 2-dimensional echocardiogram and an abdominal CT scan showed no significant change. We report a rare case of glucagonoma with associated prominently dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic stroke.
Haematological risk factors predicting clinical success in transarterial embolisation for acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Delf Jonathan , Ramachandran Sanjeev , Martin Christopher A , Vadera Sonam , Mustafa Syed , Waters Kate , Saeed Abdullah , Adair William , Glasby Michael , Kandiyil Neghal 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Evaluate clinical outcomes in transarterial embolisation (TAE) for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and determine risk factors for 30-day reintervention for rebleeding and mortality. Methods: TAE cases were retrospectively reviewed between March 2010 and September 2020 at our tertiary centre. Technical success (angiographic haemostasis following embolisation) was measured. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for clinical success (absence of 30-day reintervention or mortality) following embolisation for active GIB or empirical embolisation for suspected bleeding. Results: TAE was conducted in 139 patients (92 (66.2%) male; median age:73, range: 20–95 years) for acute upper GIB (n = 88) and lower GIB (n = 51). TAE was technically successful in 85/90 (94.4%) and clinically successful in 99/139 (71.2%); with 12 (8.6%) reintervention cases for rebleeding (median interval 2 days) and 31 (22.3%) cases of mortality (median interval 6 days). Reintervention for rebleeding was associated with haemoglobin drop > 40 g l−1 from baseline based on univariate analysis (p = 0.047). 30-day mortality was associated with pre-intervention platelet count < 150×109 l−1 (p < 0.001, OR 7.35, 95% CI 3.05–17.71) and INR > 1.4 (p < 0.001, OR 4.75, 95% CI 2.03–11.09) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. No associations were found for patient age, gender, antiplatelet/anticoagulation prior to TAE, or when comparing upper and lower GIB with 30-day mortality. Conclusion: TAE had excellent technical success for GIB with relatively high (1-in-5) 30-day mortality. INR > 1.4 and platelet count < 150×109 l−1 were individually associated with TAE 30-day mortality, and pre-TAE > 40 g l−1 haemoglobin decline with rebleeding requiring reintervention. Advances in knowledge: Recognition and timely reversal of haematological risk factors may improve TAE periprocedural clinical outcomes.
Ultrasound shear wave elastography for the evaluation of renal pathological changes in adult patients
Authors: Leong Sook Sam , Jalalonmuhali Maisarah , Md Shah Mohammad Nazri , Ng Kwan Hoong , Vijayananthan Anushya , Hisham Ranitha , Wong Jeannie Hsiu Ding 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Many studies have conflicting findings in using shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess renal fibrosis. This study reviews the use of SWE to evaluate pathological changes in native kidneys and renal allografts. It also tries to elucidate the confounding factors and care taken to ensure the results are consistent and reliable. Methods: The review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus database up to 23 October 2021. To evaluate risk and bias applicability, the Cochrane risk-of bias tool and GRADE was used. The review was registered under PROSPERO CRD42021265303. Results: A total of 2921 articles were identified. 104 full texts were examined and 26 studies included in systematic review. 11 studies performed on native kidneys and 15 studies on transplanted kidney. A wide range of impact factors was found that affect the accuracy of SWE of renal fibrosis in adult patients Conclusions: Compared to point SWE, two-dimensional SWE with elastogram could enable better selection of the region of interest in kidneys, leading to reproducible results. Tracking waves were attenuated as the depth from skin to region of interest increased, therefore, SWE is not recommended for overweight or obese patients. Variable transducer forces might also affect SWE reproducibility, thus, training of operators to ensure consistent operator-dependent transducer forces may be helpful. Advances in knowledge: This review provides a holistic insight on the efficiency of using SWE in evaluating pathological changes in native and transplanted kidneys, thereby contributing to the knowledge of its utilisation in clinical practice.
Morphological variations of the human spleen: no evidence for a multifocal or lobulated developmental origin
Authors: Buijtendijk Marieke FJ , Peters Jess J , Visser Sophie C , van Tongeren Floris HJM , Dawood Yousif , Lobé Nick HJ , van den Hoff Maurice JB , Oostra Roelof-Jan , de Bakker Bernadette S 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
Adult spleens show extensive morphological variation, with a reported prevalence of 40–98% clefts (also called notches or fissures) on the splenic surface and 10–30% accessory spleens at autopsy. It is hypothesised that both anatomical variants result from a complete or partial failure of multiple splenic primordia to fuse to the main body. According to this hypothesis, fusion of the spleen primordia is completed after birth and spleen morphological variations are often explained as stagnation of spleen development at the foetal stage. We tested this hypothesis by studying early spleen development in embryos, and compared foetal and adult spleen morphology.

Methods and materials:
We assessed 22 embryonic, 17 foetal and 90 adult spleens on the presence of clefts using histology, micro-CT and conventional post-mortem CT-scans, respectively.

Results:
The spleen primordium was observed as a single mesenchymal condensation in all embryonic specimens. The number of clefts varied from 0 to 6 in foetuses, compared to 0–5 in adults. We found no correlation between foetal age and number of clefts (R2 = 0.004). The independent samples Kolmogorov–Smirnov test showed no significant difference in the total number of clefts between adult and foetal spleens (p = 0.068).

Conclusion:
We found no morphological evidence for a multifocal origin or a lobulated developmental stage of the human spleen.

Advances in knowledge:
Our findings show that splenic morphology is highly variable, independent of developmental stage and age. We suggest to abandon the term “persistent foetal lobulation” and to regard splenic clefts, regardless of their number or location, as normal variants.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health outcomes – A cross-sectional study among health care workers in Coastal South India
Authors: T Rekha , Kumar Nithin , Hegde Kausthubh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh , Bhagawan Darshan 
Published: February 2023

Background: Frontline health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of developing unfavourable mental health outcomes and burnout, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the early warning signs of mental distress is very important to ensure the provision of quality patient care. Methods: In this facility-based cross-sectional study, HCWs of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore were assessed regarding their mental health status using a semi-structured questionnaire. All doctors and nurses who were willing to participate from these teaching hospitals were included in the study. Data was collected over a period of four months (1st March -30th June 2021) till the required sample size was reached and analysed using IBM SPSS and expressed using mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), and proportions. Univariate analysis was done to identify the factors associated with mental health outcomes among the HCWs and the corresponding unadjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were reported. Results: A total of 245 HCWs [52.2% (n=128) doctors and 47.8% (n=117) nurses] were included in our study. The proportion of participants with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia assessed using PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-7 scales were 49% (n=119), 38% (n=93), and 42% (n=102) respectively. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were more likely to be experienced by HCWs aged > 27 years, females, and involved in COVID-19 patient care. (p>0.05) Conclusions: Our findings that 38% of the examined HCWs had clinically relevant anxiety symptoms and 49% had clinically relevant depression symptoms draws attention to the importance of systematically tracking the mental health of HCWs during this ongoing pandemic. HCWs should monitor their stress reactions and seek appropriate help both on a personal and professional level. Appropriate workplace interventions including psychological support should be provided to HCWs, to ensure provision of uncompromised quality patient care.
Mutation patterns of resistance genes for macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifampicin in nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Zakayo , Naeku Grace , Mureithi Marianne , Onyambu Frank , Bulimo Wallace 
Published: February 2023

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) treatment constitutes a macrolide-based antibiotic regimen in combination with aminoglycosides for Rapid-Growing mycobacteria (RGM), and rifampicin for Slow-Growing mycobacteria (SGM). Mutations in the anti-NTM drug target regions promote NTM evolution to mutant strains that are insusceptible to NTM drugs leading to treatment failure. We, therefore, described the mutation patterns of anti-NTM drug target genes including rrl, rrs, and rpoB in NTM isolates from Kenya. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study that included 122 NTM obtained from the sputum of symptomatic tuberculosis-negative patients in Kenya. All 122 NTM underwent targeted sequencing of the rrl gene. The 54 RGM were also sequenced for rrs, and the 68 SGM were sequenced for rpoB genes using ABI 3730XL analyzer. The obtained sequences were aligned to their wild-type reference sequences for each gene using Geneious then mutations were identified. Pearson chi-square at a 95% confidence interval tested the association of NTM to mutation patterns for each gene. Results: Twenty-eight (23%) of the NTM harbored mutations associated with resistance to at least one of the macrolide-based therapy antibiotics. Twelve (10.4%) NTM comprising 7(58.3%) of RGM and 5(41.7%) of SGM had mutations in the rrl gene. For ten (83.3%) NTM, mutations were found at position 2058, while for two (16.6%) NTM, mutations were found at position 2059. Six (11.1%) of the 54 RGM exhibited mutations in the aminoglycoside target gene rrs at location 1408. Ten (14.7%) of the 68 SGM harbored mutations in the rpoB gene with 40 percent having mutations at codon 531. Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant level of mutations associated with drug resistance for macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifampicin in NTM isolated from symptomatic TB negative patients in Kenya.
Entry of the antipsychotic drug, olanzapine, into the developing rat brain in mono- and combination therapies
Authors: Huang Yifan , Qiu Fiona , Habgood Mark , Nie Shuai , Dziegielewska Katarzyna , Saunders Norman 
Published: February 2023

Background: Olanzapine is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. Continuation of psychotropic medications throughout pregnancy and lactation is often required as cessation could be dangerous for both mother and child. However, there is a lack of information on the transfer of these drugs into the developing brain. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats at three developmental ages: embryonic day E19, postnatal day P4 and non-pregnant adult females were administered unlabelled or radiolabelled (3H) olanzapine (0.15 mg/kg) either as monotherapy or in combination with each of seven other common medications. Similar injections were administered to pregnant E19 females to investigate placental transfer. Olanzapine in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain was measured by liquid scintillation counting after a single dose (acute) or following 5 days of treatment (prolonged). Results: Olanzapine entry into brain and CSF was not age-dependent. Prolonged olanzapine treatment reduced placental transfer from 53% to 46% (p<0.05). Co-administration of digoxin or lamotrigine with olanzapine increased its entry into the fetal brain, whereas paracetamol decreased its entry into the CSF. Placental transfer of olanzapine was increased by co-treatment with cimetidine and digoxin, whereas co-treatment with lamotrigine, paracetamol or valproate led to a substantial decrease. Repeated co-treatment of digoxin and olanzapine increased olanzapine transfer into the brain and CSF, but not across the placenta. Overall entry of olanzapine from maternally administered drugs into the fetal brain was higher after combination therapy with cimetidine and digoxin. Conclusions: Co-administration of olanzapine with some commonly used drugs affected its entry into the fetus and its developing brain to a greater extent than in adults. It appears that protection of the fetal brain for these drugs primarily comes from the placenta rather than from the fetal brain barriers. Results suggest that drug combinations should be used with caution particularly during pregnancy.
Genome-wide comparisons reveal broad variations in intraspecific SNP frequencies among species in Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota
Authors: Zhao Kuan , Xu Jianping 
Published: February 2023

Background: Genome sequence analyses can provide crucial information for understanding population history, speciation, and taxonomy. In Class Agaricomycetes where most mushroom-forming fungi belong, most species so far have been defined based on morphological, ecological, and/or molecular features. At present, there is little information on how species defined based on such features reflect their genome sequence diversity. In this study, we investigated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies between strains within species to understand the patterns of variation. Methods: A total of 112 species in 72 genera of Agaricomycetes contained the nuclear and/or mitochondrial genome sequences from at least two strains each in public databases. Together, we obtained 398 and 106 available nuclear and mitochondrial genomes respectively from these taxa. Pairwise strain comparisons of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes within individual species were conducted to obtain their SNP frequencies. Results: The SNP frequencies between nuclear genomes within individual species ranged 0–7.69% while for the mitochondrial genome, the pairwise strain SNP frequencies ranged 0–4.41%. The Spearman’s non-parametric rank correlation test showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the paired nuclear and mitochondrial genome SNP frequencies. Overall, we observed a significantly higher SNP frequency in the nuclear genome than in the mitochondrial genomes between strains within most species. Interestingly, across the broad Basidiomycetes, the ratios of mitochondrial genome SNPs and nuclear genome SNPs between pairs of strains within each species were almost all lower than 1, with a mean of 0.24. Conclusions: Our analyses revealed broad variations among species in their intraspecific SNP frequencies in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, there was broad consensus among the examined species in their mitochondrial to nuclear genome SNP ratios, suggesting that such a ratio could potentially serve as an indicator for genome sequence-based species identification.