bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of persimmon leaf formulated with green tea and sophora fruit extracts (BLH308) on hair growth: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ham Seoyoon , Lee Young In , Kim In Ah , Suk Jangmi , Jung Inhee , Jeong Jong‐Moon , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent research suggests that persimmon leaf extract (PLE) has an effect on inflammatory skin diseases. Previously, PLE is revealed to inhibit not only nitric oxide production but also inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression levels in mouse macrophages in vitro. Moreover, it significantly reduced IL‐6 production and 5α‐reductase expression in human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). This study aimed to determine whether the PLE‐containing BLH308 complex improves hair growth in clinical trials.Materials and MethodsA total of 88 participants were recruited, and were instructed to orally take BLH308 or the placebo twice a day for 24 weeks. The mean age of the test group was 38.52 ± 7.98 years and that of placebo group was 38.98 ± 8.80 years. The study was conducted for 24 weeks, and hair density, thickness, and gloss were evaluated. All participants completed a satisfaction survey questionnaire.ResultsThe test group showed significantly increased hair density and hair diameter at week 24 compared with the placebo group (p = 0.0015 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Although not statistically significant, the degree of gloss also showed higher improvement in the test group compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that oral consumption of the BLH308 complex containing PLE significantly increased hair density and thickness compared to the placebo group, showing its possible role in promoting hair growth.
Capturing growth curves of medical students' clinical skills performance
Authors: Colbert‐Getz Jorie M. , Lappe` Katie , Gerstenberger John , Milne Caroline K. , Raaum Sonja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionA benefit of a milestone or Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) assessment framework is the ability to capture longitudinal performance with growth curves using multi‐level modelling (MLM). Growth curves can inform curriculum design and individualised learning. Residency programmes have found growth curves to vary by resident and by milestone. Only one study has analysed medical students' growth curves for EPAs. Analysis of EPA growth curves is critical because no change in performance raises concerns for EPAs as an assessment framework.MethodsSpencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine‐University of Utah students' workplace‐based assessment ratings for 7 EPAs were captured at 3 time‐points in years 3–4 of AY2017–2018 to AY2020–2021. MLM was used to capture EPA growth curves and determine if variation in growth curves was explained by internal medicine (IM) clerkship order.FindingsA curvilinear slope significantly captured 256 students' average ratings overtime for EPA1a‐history‐taking, EPA2‐clinical reasoning, EPA3‐diagnostics, EPA5‐documentation and EPA6‐presentation, and a linear slope significantly captured EPA9‐teamwork ratings, p ≤ 0.001. Growth curves were steepest for EPA2‐clinical reasoning and EPA3‐diagnostics. Growth curves varied by students, p < 0.05 for all EPA ratings, but IM clerkship rotation order did not significantly explain the variance, p > 0.05.DiscussionThe increase in ratings from Year 3 to Year 4 provides validity evidence for use of EPAs in an assessment framework. Students may benefit from more curriculum/skills practice for EPA2‐clinical reasoning and EPA3‐diagnostics prior to year 3. Variation in student's growth curves is important for coaching and skill development; a one size fits all approach may not suffice.
An embodied theorisation: Arend Heyting's hypothesis about how the self separates from the outer world finds confirmation
Authors: Franchella Miriam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt the beginning of the twentieth century, among the foundational schools of mathematics appeared ‘intuitionism’ by Dutchman L. E. J. Brouwer, who based arithmetic on the intuition of time and all mental constructions that could be made out of it. His pupil Arend Heyting was the first populariser of intuitionism, and he repeatedly emphasised that no philosophy was required to practise intuitionism so that such mathematics could be shared by anyone. Still, stimulated by invitations to humanistic conferences, he wrote a series of notes, preserved in the State Archives, Haarlem, about solipsism. In them, he operated a series of theoretical reflections consisting of the stripping away of the patterns that are part of our consciousness and their subsequent progressive re‐introduction, in order to understand the formation of our Self as distinct from the natural world and other humans. In 1996, following a stroke, neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor experienced the deprivation of certain abilities in her brain and their successive regaining. In her experience there are remarkable similarities with what Heyting had hypothesised about the formation of the self. The purpose of this article is to highlight them and point out how Heyting's theoretical construct was found to be embodied in the brain.
Stereotactic radiotherapy outcomes for intraventricular brain tumours in 11 dogs
Authors: Hansen Katherine Sarah , Li Chai Fei , Théon Alain Pierre , Kent Michael Sean 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPublished radiotherapy data for canine intraventricular tumours are limited. In this retrospective, longitudinal study (9/2011–2018), 11 dogs with intraventricular masses were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Pathologic diagnosis was available from surgery or necropsy in 6/11 cases, revealing choroid plexus papilloma (3) or carcinoma (2), and ependymoma (1). The remainder were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐diagnosed as suspected choroid tumours or ependymomas. Tumours were located in the third or lateral ventricle (8), fourth ventricle (2), and cerebellopontine angle (1). Surgery was performed in three dogs prior to radiotherapy, and all showed gross residual/recurrent disease at treatment. Dogs received 8 Gray × 3 fractions (7), or 15 Gray × 1 fraction (4). Ten dogs were deceased at analysis, and one was living. The estimated median overall survival time (OS) from first SRT treatment was 16.9 months (515 days, 95% CI 33–1593 days). The survival time for two pathology‐diagnosed carcinoma dogs were 24 and 133 days, respectively, and survival time for dogs with moderate to marked ventriculomegaly (4/11) ranged from 24 to 113 days. A total of 10/11 showed clinical improvement per owner or clinician, but two had short‐lived benefits and were euthanized within 6 weeks of SRT. Limited conclusions on radiation‐specific complications are possible due to the small dataset and limited follow‐up imaging. This study provides preliminary evidence that radiotherapy outcomes are variable with intraventricular tumours, and some long‐term survivors are noted.
Findings consistent with equine proximal suspensory desmitis can be reliably detected using computed tomography and differ between affected horses and controls
Authors: Müller Eva M. T. , Vanderperren Katrien , Merle Roswitha , Rheinfeld Svenja , Leelamankong Pitiporn , Lischer Christoph J. , Ehrle Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective, observational, controlled study was to evaluate bone and soft tissue window CT images of the proximoplantar metatarsus III region in twenty horses with pain localized to the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) and 20 horses with findings nonrelated to tarsal pain. All horses underwent CT and radiographic examination. Images were reviewed by three independent observers who graded the severity and localization of findings. Bone‐related categories as well as soft tissue‐related categories were evaluated. For the comparison of imaging findings in horses with and without proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD), mixed linear regression was performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intraobserver agreement, and kappa statistics were employed to evaluate interobserver agreement. CT examination identified significantly more abnormalities in the diseased group. The scores for osseous exostosis (p = .015) and PSL enlargement (p = .004) were notably higher in PSD horses compared to controls. Intraobserver agreement was overall high (ICC .82–1.0), and interobserver agreement was substantial for the detection of mineralization (kappa = .61) and moderate for sclerosis (kappa = .43), exostosis (kappa = .43), and PSL enlargement (kappa = .48/.51). Measurements in the soft tissue window were significantly smaller than those in the bone window. Findings concurrent with PSD including osseous proliferation and sclerosis as well as soft tissue enlargement, mineralization, and avulsion can be reliably detected using CT. Findings from the current study supported the use of CT for evaluating horses with suspected PSD where high‐field MRI is not available.
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
Authors: Glenn Owen J. , Faux Ian , Pratschke Kathryn M. , Bowlt Blacklock Kelly L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections (SSIs) and describe the impact of active surveillance on SSI detection.Study designProspective, cohort study.AnimalsDogs and cats undergoing soft tissue or orthopedic surgery over a 12‐month period at a referral hospital.MethodsClients were emailed a questionnaire 30 days postoperatively, or 90 days where an implant was used. Three algorithms were developed to diagnose SSIs using one or both of two criteria: (1) presence of any wound healing problems; (2) wound dehiscence or antibiotic prescription, and either purulent discharge or two or more clinical signs (redness, pain, heat, swelling, discharge). Algorithmic diagnoses were compared to gold standard diagnoses made by veterinarians.ResultsOf 754 surgical procedures, 309 responses were completed with 173 corresponding gold standard diagnoses. The most accurate algorithm determined “SSI” or “No SSI” from 90.2% of responses with 95.5% (92.4–98.6) accuracy, 82.6% (77–88.3) sensitivity, 97.7% (95.5–100) specificity, 86.4% (81.2–91.5) positive predictive value, and 97% (94.5–99.6) negative predictive value. “No SSI” was diagnosed in responses not meeting criterion 1, and “SSI” in responses meeting criteria 1 and 2. “Inconclusive” responses, comprising 9.8% of responses, met criterion 1 but not 2. Overall SSI rate was 62/754 (8.2%) and 12/62 (19.4%) SSIs were detected by active surveillance only.ConclusionUse of this client questionnaire accurately diagnosed SSIs; active surveillance increased SSI detection.Clinical significanceSurveillance of SSIs should be active and can be simplified by using a client questionnaire and algorithmic diagnoses, allowing automated distribution, data collection and analysis.
Peeking back in time: Novel insights into the evolutionary relationships of diplommatinids (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) from around Australia
Authors: Köhler Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBased both on published GenBank DNA sequences and newly produced sequences, I have assembled the largest multi‐loci sequence dataset of the Diplommatinidae to date to investigate their evolutionary history. The focus of this study is on the diverse genusPalaina, which is represented by new sequences of its type species as well as additional samples from Timor and the Solomon Islands. In addition, the type species ofPalmatinafrom Norfolk Island is also included. A relaxed molecular clock hypothesis is presented that incorporates several calibration points based on fossils or on previously published age estimates for major clades. Accordingly, the Sundaland diplommatinidsPlectostoma,Opisthostoma,AriniaandDiplommatinaare of considerable evolutionary antiquity, each likely having originated during the Cretaceous or early Paleogene at the latest. ThePalainasensu lato main clade was found to be the sister of all other diplommatinids included in the tree and has also diverged during the late Cretaceous.Palainaas currently delineated is rendered non‐monophyletic by the radiations ofHungerfordiaandEupalaina, which are endemic to the archipelago of Palau, as well asPalmatinafrom Norfolk Island.
Myo‐inositol alters the effects of glucose, leptin and insulin on placental palmitic acid and oleic acid metabolism
Authors: Watkins Oliver C. , Pillai Reshma Appukuttan , Selvam Preben , Yong Hannah E.J. , Cracknell‐Hazra Victoria K.B. , Sharma Neha , Cazenave‐Gassiot Amaury , Bendt Anne K. , Godfrey Keith M. , Lewis Rohan M. , Wenk Markus R. , Chan Shiao‐Yng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWell‐regulated placental palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) metabolism is vital for optimal placental function and fetal development, but dysregulation occurs with gestational diabetes (GDM). We hypothesized that such dysregulation might arise from increased maternofetal glucose, leptin or insulin concentrations present in GDM, and that dysregulated PA and OA lipid metabolism could be moderated by myo‐inositol, a natural polyol and potential GDM intervention. Placental explants from 21 women were incubated with stable isotope‐labelled 13C‐PA or 13C‐OA for 48 h. Explants were treated with glucose (5, 10 mm) or leptin (13 nm) or insulin (150 nm) in combination with myo‐inositol (0.3, 30, 60 μm). Forty‐seven 13C‐PA lipids and 37 13C‐OA lipids were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS). Compared with controls (5 mm glucose), glucose (10 mm) increased 19 13C‐OA lipids and nine 13C‐PA lipids, but decreased 13C‐OA phosphatidylethanolamine 38:5 and 13C‐PA phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4. The effects of leptin and insulin were less prominent than glucose, with leptin increasing 13C‐OA acylcarnitine 18:1, and insulin increasing four 13C‐PA triacylglycerides. Most glucose, leptin and insulin‐induced alterations in lipids were attenuated by co‐incubation with myo‐inositol (30 or 60 μm), with attenuation also occurring in all subgroups stratified by GDM status and fetal sex. However, glucose‐induced increases in acylcarnitine were not attenuated by myo‐inositol and were even exaggerated in some instances. Myo‐inositol therefore appears to generally act as a moderator, suppressing the perturbation of lipid metabolic processes by glucose, leptin and insulin in placenta in vitro. Whether myo‐inositol protects the fetus and pregnancy from unfavourable outcomes requires further research.
imageKey points
Incubation of placental explants with additional glucose, or to a lesser extent insulin or leptin, alters the placental production of 13C‐lipids from 13C‐palmitic acid (PA) and 13C‐oleic acid (OA) in vitro compared with untreated controls from the same placenta.
Co‐incubation with myo‐inositol attenuated most alterations induced by glucose, insulin or leptin in 13C‐lipids, but did not affect alterations in 13C‐acylcarnitines.
Alterations induced by glucose and leptin in 13C‐PA triacylglycerides and 13C‐PA phospholipids were influenced by fetal sex and gestational diabetes status, but were all still attenuated by myo‐inositol co‐incubation.
Insulin differently affected 13C‐PA triacylglycerides and 13C‐PA phospholipids depending on fetal sex, with alterations also attenuated by myo‐inositol co‐incubation.
Distribution of malaria parasite-derived phosphatidylcholine in the infected erythrocyte
Authors: Vallintine Tansy , van Ooij Christiaan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Malaria parasites modify their host erythrocyte in multiple ways, leading to changes in the deformability, adhesiveness, and permeability of the host erythrocyte. Most of these changes are mediated by proteins exported from the parasite to the host erythrocyte, where these proteins interact with the host cell cytoskeleton or form complexes in the plasma membrane of the infected erythrocyte. In addition, malaria parasites induce the formation of membranous compartments—the parasitophorous vacuole, the tubovesicular network (TVN), the Maurer’s clefts and small vesicles—within the infected erythrocyte, a cell that is normally devoid of internal membranes. After infection, changes also occur in the composition and asymmetry of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Although many aspects of the mechanism of export of parasite proteins have become clear, the mechanism by which these membranous compartments are formed and expanded is almost entirely unknown. To determine whether parasite-derived phospholipids play a part in these processes, we applied a metabolic labeling technique that allows phosphatidylcholine to be labeled with a fluorophore. As the host erythrocyte cannot synthesize phospholipids, within infected erythrocytes, only parasite-derived phosphatidylcholine will be labeled with this technique. The results revealed that phosphatidylcholine produced by the parasite is distributed throughout the infected erythrocyte, including the TVN and the erythrocyte plasma membrane, but not Maurer’s clefts. Interestingly, labeled phospholipids were also detected in the erythrocyte plasma membrane very soon after invasion of the parasites, indicating that the parasite may add phospholipids to the host erythrocyte during invasion.

IMPORTANCE
Here, we describe a previously unappreciated way in which the malaria parasite interacts with the host erythrocyte, namely, by the transfer of parasite phospholipids to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. This likely has important consequences for the survival of the parasite in the host cell and the host organism. We show that parasite-derived phospholipids are transferred from the parasite to the host erythrocyte plasma membrane and that other internal membranes that are produced after the parasite has invaded the cell are produced, at least in part, using parasite-derived phospholipids. The one exception to this is the Maurer’s cleft, a membranous organelle that is involved in the transport of parasite proteins to the surface of the erythrocyte. This reveals that the Maurer’s cleft is produced in a different manner than the other parasite-induced membranes. Overall, these findings provide a platform for the study of a new aspect of the host-parasite interaction.
Mathematical Elements of Elementary Education
Authors: Posicelskaya M. A. , Rudchenko T. A. , Semenov A. L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, several Russian schools have been implementing a world-unique education program of mathematics for elementary schools. In it, the landscape of school arithmetic is radically expanded due to the basic objects of modern mathematics and computer science. These objects and their operations are visual, making them much more comprehensible than traditional arithmetic. The range of activities also expands due to, for example, the introduction of strategies for enumeration, game winning, and algorithms (also operating in a visual environment). At the same time, the student’s position changes: they independently discover and build mathematics and constantly solve personally new, but feasible tasks that are “not-known-how-to-solve.” The student’s resources are saved by using a computer to perform routine arithmetic operations that have already been discovered and understood. The implementation of this approach is discussed in detail and is illustrated by examples of actual tasks that are representative of the program under consideration and the whole approach.
Constructive Combinatorics in Elementary School Mathematics
Authors: Posicelskaya M. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper describes in detail a class of educational problems from an elementary school course of mathematics and computer science. This course has been implemented over the past decades by a team led by Academician of the RAS A.L. Semenov. In the problems, it is necessary to find, build, or list all objects that satisfy a certain system of conditions. The student conducts these activities in a visual world of basic objects of discrete mathematics and computer science: strings (finite sequences of symbols), bags (multisets), tables, trees, and statements containing quantifiers. The connections of these problems with problems in computational combinatorics (counting the number of options), with search problems in the theory of computational complexity, with “big ideas,” and general cognitive strategies for their formation in education are considered. The content of education in our approach is more adequate to the context of the modern world.
Remarks on propagating waves in non-linear vacuum electrodynamics
Authors: Pérez-García M. A. , Pérez Martínez A. , Rodríguez Querts E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing the quadratic expansion in the photon fields of Euler–Heisenberg (EH) non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) Lagrangian model we study relevant vacuum properties in a scenario involving the propagation of a photon probe in the presence of a background constant and static magnetic field,$$\mathbf{B_e}$$Be. We compute the gauge invariant, symmetric and conserved energy–momentum tensor (EMT) and angular momentum tensor (AMT) for arbitrary magnetic field strength using the Hilbert method under the soft-photon approximation. We discuss how the presence of magneto-electric terms in the EH Lagrangian is a source of anisotropy, induce the non-zero trace in the EMT and leads to differences between EMT calculated by the Hilbert or Noether method. From the Hilbert EMT we analyze some quantities of interest such as the energy density, pressures, Poynting vector, and angular momentum vector, comparing and discussing the differences with respect to the improved Noether method. The magnetized vacuum properties are also studied showing that a photon effective magnetic moment can be defined for different polarization modes. The calculations are done in terms of derivatives of the two scalar invariants of electrodynamics, hence, extension to other NLED Lagrangian is straightforward. We discuss further physical implications and experimental strategies to test magnetization, photon pressure, and effective magnetic moment.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Safety and Efficacy of Cediranib in the Treatment of Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Yan , Cai Yan , Wang Qi-Ming 
Published: August 2023

Objective. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are exciting new anticancer strategies. As one of the most promising oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cediranib has been proven effective in treating various solid malignant tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cediranib in cancer patients. Methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted for phase II and phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to June 31, 2021, using databases from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. Relevant clinical trials reporting the efficacy and toxicity characteristics of cediranib in cancer patients were analyzed using Stata 15.1. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system was used to assess the strength of the evidence. Results. The systematic review yielded 14 eligible trials, comprising 4,387 patients with solid malignant tumors. The analysis results of RCTs showed that the cediranib-containing group had a significantly better PFS than the control group (HR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.82;

P

< 0.001), and the pooled OS of the cediranib-containing group was significantly higher than that of the control group (HR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.84–1.00;

P

= 0.041). The sensitivity analysis revealed that the pooled HR was stable and excluding a single study had no effect on the significance of the pooled HR. In addition, the meta-analysis passed Begg’s and Egger’s tests, indicating no publication bias. Regarding safety, the most common adverse events were diarrhea, nausea, hypertension, fatigue, sensory neuropathy, dyspnea, vomiting, headache, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Conclusion. Cediranib treatment responds better than noncediranib therapy but can increase the risk of specific treatment-related toxicities.