bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Choice and Freedom in Transnational Migrations: The Soviet Jewish Migrants in Europe Who Were Left Behind
Authors: Kozlov Denis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the experiences of several thousand Jewish migrants from the Soviet Union who failed to adapt to life in Israel and moved to Western Europe during the 1970s and 1980s in an attempt to gain immigrant admission to Western countries. The difficult multi-year sojourn of these people in Europe (mainly in the Roman Metropolitan Area in Italy) highlights the nonlinear and precarious trajectories of emigration from the USSR as well as the political controversies that accompanied this population movement. At the center of analysis are the activities of Western and Israeli government agencies and international organizations that tried to restrict and inhibit the unexpected abandonment of the Israeli destination by ex-Soviet Jewish migrants. The article focuses on a contrast between the ideology and practice of transnational migrations in a divided world. Although the concepts of freedom, legality, and individual choice rhetorically framed the act of leaving the Soviet Union during the Cold War, in practice those benefits were not available to many migrants. Agencies routinely handled migrations on grounds of political calculation, in which the rights, freedoms, and well-being of the migrant were subordinated to policy objectives and institutional priorities, often without much regard for the law. The article pays special attention to the values, language, and mechanisms of political action that the former Soviet people employed in order to reach their goals in the unfamiliar Western world.
Integrating biophysical crop growth models and whole genome prediction for their mutual benefit: a case study in wheat phenology
Authors: Jighly Abdulqader , Weeks Anna , Christy Brendan , O’Leary Garry J , Kant Surya , Aggarwal Rajat , Hessel David , Forrest Kerrie L , Technow Frank , Tibbits Josquin F G , Totir Radu , Spangenberg German C , Hayden Matthew J , Munkvold Jesse , Daetwyler Hans D 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRunning crop growth models (CGM) coupled with whole genome prediction (WGP) as a CGM–WGP model introduces environmental information to WGP and genomic relatedness information to the genotype-specific parameters modelled through CGMs. Previous studies have primarily used CGM–WGP to infer prediction accuracy without exploring its potential to enhance CGM and WGP. Here, we implemented a heading and maturity date wheat phenology model within a CGM–WGP framework and compared it with CGM and WGP. The CGM–WGP resulted in more heritable genotype-specific parameters with more biologically realistic correlation structures between genotype-specific parameters and phenology traits compared with CGM-modelled genotype-specific parameters that reflected the correlation of measured phenotypes. Another advantage of CGM–WGP is the ability to infer accurate prediction with much smaller and less diverse reference data compared with that required for CGM. A genome-wide association analysis linked the genotype-specific parameters from the CGM–WGP model to nine significant phenology loci including Vrn-A1 and the three PPD1 genes, which were not detected for CGM-modelled genotype-specific parameters. Selection on genotype-specific parameters could be simpler than on observed phenotypes. For example, thermal time traits are theoretically more independent candidates, compared with the highly correlated heading and maturity dates, which could be used to achieve an environment-specific optimal flowering period. CGM–WGP combines the advantages of CGM and WGP to predict more accurate phenotypes for new genotypes under alternative or future environmental conditions.
Character and Distribution of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations in Polycrystalline Tantalum
Authors: Hansen Landon T , Carroll Jay D , Homer Eric R , Wagoner Robert H , Zhou Guowei , Fullwood David T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) play a key role in accommodating strain incompatibility between neighboring grains in polycrystalline materials. One critical step toward accurately capturing GNDs in deformation models involves studying the microstructural features that promote GND accumulation and the resulting character of GND fields. This study utilizes high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction to map GND populations in a large polycrystalline sample of pure tantalum, under simple tension. A total of 1,989 grains, 3,518 grain boundaries (GBs), and 3,207 triple junctions (TJs) were examined in a subsurface region of the sample. Correlations between GND density and GB character, and to some extent, TJ character, are investigated. Statistical geometrical relationships between these entities are quantified, and also visualized, using a novel application of two-point statistics. The nature of GNDs across the sample is also visualized and assessed using a recently developed method of mapping the local net Burgers vectors. The different approaches to characterizing GND distribution are compared in terms of how they quantify the size of near boundary gradient zones.
Introducing a Dynamic Reconstruction Methodology for Multilayered Structures in Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Hatzoglou Constantinos , Da Costa Gérald , Wells Peter , Ren Xiaochen , Geiser Brian P , Larson David J , Demoulin Remi , Hunnestad Kasper , Talbot Etienne , Mazumder Baishakhi , Meier Dennis , Vurpillot François 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful three-dimensional nanoanalyzing microscopy technique considered key in modern materials science. However, progress in the spatial reconstruction of APT data has been rather limited since the first implementation of the protocol proposed by Bas et al. in 1995. This paper proposes a simple semianalytical approach to reconstruct multilayered structures, i.e., two or more different compounds stacked perpendicular to the analysis direction. Using a field evaporation model, the general dynamic evolution of parameters involved in the reconstruction of this type of structure is estimated. Some experimental reconstructions of different structures through the implementation of this method that dynamically accommodates variations in the tomographic reconstruction parameters are presented. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the depth accuracy of reconstructed APT images is improved using this method. The method requires few parameters in order to be easily usable and substantially improves atom probe tomographic reconstructions of multilayered structures.
More relaxed intracluster gas than galaxies in clusters in quasi-equilibrium
Authors: Yuan Z S , Han J L , Böhringer H , Wen Z L , Chon G 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
During cluster mergers, the intracluster gas and member galaxies undergo dynamic evolution, but at different time-scales and reach different states. We collect 24 galaxy clusters in quasi-equilibrium state as indicated by the X-ray image, and calculate the cluster orientations and three kinds of dynamical parameters, i.e. the normalized centroid offset, the sphere index, and the ellipticity, for these clusters from the distributions of member galaxies and also the intracluster gas. We find consistent alignments for the orientations estimated from the two components. However, the three kinds of dynamical parameters indicated by member galaxies are systematically larger than those derived from the gas component, suggesting that the gas component is more relaxed than member galaxies. Differences of dynamical features between the intracluster gas and member galaxies are independent of cluster mass and concentration. We conclude that the intracluster gas reaches the dynamic equilibrium state earlier than the almost-collisionless member galaxies.
V618 Sgr: galactic eclipsing symbiotic nova detected in repeated outbursts
Authors: Merc J , Gális R , Velez P , Charbonnel S , Garde O , Le Dû P , Mulato L , Petit T , Bohlsen T , Curry S , Love T , Barker H 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
V618 Sgr was previously classified as an R CrB-type variable and later as a possible symbiotic star. Our study aims to analyse the nature of this target, which is currently undergoing significant brightening in properties similar to those of known symbiotic novae. We analyse literature information, photometric observations, and 35 new optical spectra. Our findings strongly suggest that V618 Sgr is an eclipsing symbiotic nova currently in outburst. Additionally, since the star has demonstrated at least two similar brightenings in the past, we propose that V618 Sgr could be the first known galactic symbiotic nova observed in repeated outbursts of this type and may host a relatively massive white dwarf.
Interaction effect of psoriasis and chronic kidney disease on the risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study of NHANES data
Authors: Lu Jian , Li Han , Wang Shixiang 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The association between psoriasis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the combined impact of psoriasis and CKD on mortality in a representative sample of US adults.

Methods
The data for this analysis came from 13 208 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2003–06 and 2009–14. Psoriasis was determined through self-reported questionnaire data, while CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g. A four-level variable was created using the information on psoriasis and CKD, and survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The survival analysis was conducted using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
In a 9.83-year average follow-up period, 539 deaths occurred, with a prevalence of psoriasis in CKD at 2.94% and an all-cause mortality rate of 33.30%. In the multivariable analyses, individuals with both psoriasis and CKD had hazard ratios (HRs) of 5.38 (95% CI 2.43–11.91) for all-cause mortality compared with those with neither psoriasis nor CKD. Participants with both psoriasis and low eGFR had an HR of 6.40 (95% CI 2.01–20.42), while those with both psoriasis and albuminuria had an HR of 5.30 (95% CI 2.24–12.52). A significant interaction between psoriasis, CKD and all-cause mortality was found in the fully adjusted model (P = .026), and a significant synergistic effect between psoriasis and albuminuria was discovered (P = .002). However, the interaction effects between psoriasis, low eGFR and all-cause mortality were only observed in the unadjusted model (P = .036).

Conclusions
Screening for psoriasis in individuals at risk for developing CKD may help in risk stratification for all-cause mortality related to psoriasis. The assessment of UACR may be useful in identifying psoriasis at increased risk for all-cause mortality.
Zooplankton community size structure across lakes within a semi-arid landscape: the effect of temperature and salinity
Authors: Mariani Matías , Vignatti Alicia , Echaniz Santiago , Cueto Gerardo , Zagarese Horacio , Diovisalvi Nadia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBody size is a master trait controlling biological communities and ecosystem functioning. Mean population size not only depends on the size of individuals, but also on the size distribution of individuals within the population. Mean community size is additionally influenced by the composition of species (larger- or smaller-sized species). Shallow lakes within semi-arid landscapes are prone to experience large changes in temperature and salinity, which affect the zooplankton size structure. Higher temperatures are expected to result in smaller average body size, while the effect of salinity appears to depend on the range under study. Here we analyze zooplankton body size patterns across shallow lakes from the semi-arid central region of Argentina. All community size descriptors point to decreasing size and a narrow size range at higher temperatures. On the other hand, the maximum average community body size occurred at intermediate (~30 gL−1) salinity levels. The combined effect of both variables resulted in a bell-shaped pattern, with maximum community body size toward lower temperatures and intermediate salinities. Based on future temperature scenarios, one may anticipate an overall decrease in community body size. But such prediction is strongly conditioned by regional and local trends in salinity.
Bilateral Trade Imbalances
Authors: Cuñat Alejandro , Zymek Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
If sectoral trade flows obey structural gravity, countries’ bilateral trade imbalances are the result of macro trade imbalances, “triangular trade”, or pairwise asymmetric trade barriers. Using data for 40 major economies and the Rest of the World, we show that large and pervasive asymmetries in trade barriers are required to account for most of the observed variation in bilateral imbalances. A dynamic quantitative trade model suggests that eliminating these asymmetries would significantly reduce bilateral (but not macro) imbalances and have sizeable impacts on welfare. We provide evidence that the asymmetries we measure are in part related to the policy environment: trade inside the European Single Market appears to be subject to more bilaterally symmetric frictions. Extending the same symmetry to all parts of the global economy would give a large boost to the real incomes of several non-E.U. countries.
ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR PAEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL-PELVIS AND CHEST-ABDOMINAL-PELVIS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN MOROCCO: SUGGESTS THE NEED FOR IMPROVED OPTIMIZATION EFFORTS
Authors: Benmessaoud Mounir , Dadouch Ahmed , Maghnouj Abdelmajid , Lemmassi Assiya , Tahiri Maroine , El-ouardi Youssef , Ait Ouaggou Ibrahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to derive the local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for paediatric abdominal-pelvis (AP) and chest-abdominal-pelvis (CAP) computed tomography in Morocco. The data were gathered retrospectively from two hospitals for 6 months. The LDRLs were defined by volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) per sequence, DLP per procedure and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE). The SSDE assessment was based on the effective diameters of patients scanned. A total of 630 CT examinations were collected involving 324 AP and 306 CAP scans. The proposed LDRLs for AP, in terms of CTDIvol (mGy), were 6.9, 8.5, 8.5 and 8.5 for &lt; 1, 1 to &lt; 5, 5 to &lt; 10 and 10 to &lt; 15 y age groups, respectively. In terms of DLP (mGy.cm) per procedure, they were 436.3, 534.5, 687.9 and 961.7. In terms of SSDE (mGy), thet were 16.73, 16.83, 17.5 and 15.8 for &lt; 1, 1 to &lt; 5, 5 to &lt; 10 and 10 to &lt; 15 y, respectively. The corresponding LDRLs for CAP, in terms of CTDIvol (mGy), were 7.3, 7.3, 7.3 and 10.35. In terms of DLP (mGy.cm) per procedure, they were 531, 622.5, 705 and 936. In terms of SSDE (mGy), they were 16.22, 15.05, 14.47 and 15.2, respectively, for the four age groups. The derived dose levels were mostly higher than those found in other studies, which demonstrates the need for dose optimization and paediatric protocol standardization as well as the timeliness of the intent to establish not only local DRLs but national ones in the near future.
Analysis of COVID-19 recovery and resilience policy in Finland: a transformative policy mix approach
Authors: Kivimaa Paula , Lukkarinen Jani , Lazarevic David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Transformative innovation policy (TIP) implies not only new directionality for innovation policy but also rethinking its means and scope. This requires further investigation into the role of horizontal and cross-sectoral policy programmes that may be relevant for upscaling innovation and destabilising regimes. This paper studies the national implementation, in Finland, of the European Union (EU) programme for COVID-19 recovery, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), as an example of a cross-sectoral policy programme. It is of interest, because the EU has set certain conditions related to sustainability transitions for the RRF. Using a transformative policy mix approach, the paper finds that the Finnish RRF Programme lists many policy measures that can be regarded as having a transformative intent. These include upscaling innovative sustainability niches and destabilising existing practices. Yet, we also found that there is a risk that cross-sectoral programmes fail to find overall transformative visions and fund multiple potentially competing technological pathways instead.
Disentangling the local context—imagined communities and researchers’ sense of belonging
Authors: Horbach Serge P J M , Sørensen Mads P , Allum Nick , Reid Abigail-Kate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is generally agreed that researchers’ ‘local context’ matters to the successful implementation of research integrity policies. However, it often remains unclear what the relevant local context is. Is it the institutions and immediate working surroundings of researchers? Or, do we need to pay more attention to researchers’ epistemic communities if we want to understand their ‘local context’? In this paper, we examine this question by using the International Research Integrity Survey with more than 60,000 respondents. Survey responses indicate that academics identify with both their geographical local units (‘polis’) and their more transnational epistemic or scholarly communities (‘cosmos’). Identification with scholarly communities tends to be strongest. We embed the survey results in the academic literature by proposing a theoretical understanding of academics’ ‘local context’ based on Beck’s notion of cosmopolitanism and Durkheim’s concept of solidarity. We conclude with considerations on how to successfully implement research integrity policies.
Charitable trusts and cryptoassets: opportunity, or the asset of discord?
Authors: Brown Lloyd 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In written evidence submitted to Parliament in 2022, the Charity Commission for England and Wales outlined three types of “cryptoasset-related risk exposure” that can directly affect charitable trusts. These include: (i) fundraising donations; (ii) moving funds internationally; and (iii) investment. This article’s purpose is to demonstrate that, out of these forms of risk exposure, “investment” is currently the greatest issue for charities. Charity trustees possess a broad investment power and may be tempted to invest in crypto to financially benefit their funds. However, extreme caution should be heeded before investing in cryptoassets, given their complexity and volatility.
Beneficial Rhizobacterium Triggers Induced Systemic Resistance of Maize to Gibberella Stalk Rot via Calcium Signaling
Authors: Cao Yu , Wang Yinying , Gui Cuilin , Nguvo Kilemi Jessee , Ma Liang , Wang Qing , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu , Gao Xiquan 
Published: May 2023

Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of maize ( Zea mays L.), but we lack efficient methods to control this disease. Biological control agents, including beneficial microorganisms, can be used as an effective and eco-friendly approach to manage crop diseases. For example, Bacillus velezensis SQR9, a bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumber plants, promotes growth and suppresses diseases in several plant species. However, it is not known whether and how SQR9 affects maize resistance to GSR. In this study, we found that treatment with SQR9 increased maize resistance to GSR by activating maize induced systemic resistance (ISR). RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were enriched in the root upon colonization by SQR9. Also, several genes associated with calcium signaling pathways were up-regulated by SQR9 treatment. However, the calcium signaling inhibitor LaCl3 weakened the SQR9-activated ISR. Our data suggest that the calcium signaling pathway contributes to maize GSR resistance via the activation of ISR induced by SQR9. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Post‐inflammatory administration of N‐acetylcysteine reduces inflammation and alters receptor levels in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kaya Zeynep Bengisu , Karakoc Elif , McLean Pamela J. , Saka Esen , Atilla Pergin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence of 1% over the age of 55. Neuropathological hallmarks of PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of Lewy bodies that contain a variety of proteins and lipids including alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn). Although the formation of α‐syn occurs intracellularly, it can also be found in the extracellular space where it can be taken up by neighboring cells. Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an immune system receptor that has been shown to recognize extracellular α‐syn and modulate its uptake by other cells. Lymphocyte‐activation gene 3 (LAG3), an immune checkpoint receptor, has also been proposed to play a role in extracellular α‐syn internalization; however, a recent study has disputed this role. Internalized α‐syn can trigger expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, and IL‐6 and induce neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitophagy that results in cellular death. In this study, we tested if N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐carcinogenic drug, can circumvent the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and induce an anti‐inflammatory response by modulating transcription and expression of TLR2 and LAG3 receptors. Cells overexpressing wild‐type α‐syn were treated with TNF‐α to induce inflammation followed by NAC to inhibit the deleterious effects of TNF‐α‐induced inflammation and apoptosis. SNCA gene transcription and α‐syn protein expression were validated by q‐PCR and Western blot (WB), respectively. Cell viability was measured, and apoptosis was evaluated by WB and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling methods. Alterations in LAG3 and TLR2 receptor levels were evaluated by immunofluorescent labeling, WB, and q‐PCR. TNF‐α not only increased inflammation but also increased endogenous and overexpressed α‐syn levels. NAC treatment decreased expression of TLR2 and increased transcription of LAG3 receptor and diminished inflammation‐mediated toxicity and cell death. Here, we demonstrate that NAC can reduce neuroinflammation that occurs as a result of alpha‐synuclein overexpression, via a TLR2‐associated pathway, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. Further studies are needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and pathways related to neuroinflammation in PD and to develop possible new therapeutic approaches to slow the clinical progression of PD.