bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A physics‐based spectral matching (PBSM) method for generating fully site‐related ground motions
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Chao , Wang Jin‐Ting 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe response spectrum is generally adopted in the seismic design to represent the seismic fortification level, but the structural dynamic analysis requires the ground motions as an input. However, ground motions generated by the traditional spectral matching methods do not have site‐related physical backgrounds for the target site. In this study, a physics‐based spectral matching (PBSM) method is developed to generate fully site‐related broadband ground motions (i.e., the generated ground motions have real physical backgrounds for the target site, including the source process, propagation path, and local site conditions) that are compatible to the target spectrum. In this method, the three‐dimensional (3D) numerical model around the target site is constructed to calculate the strain Green's tensors of all potential source locations using adjoint simulations. The variable space dimension of the seismic source is significantly reduced by applying the self‐similar feature of the multidimension source model, so that the optimization algorithm can be used to search for the rupture process that generates the physics‐based and spectrum‐matched ground motions (abbreviated to PBSM ground motions). The proposed method is applied to the Xiluodu dam in China. Compared with the traditional techniques, the generated ground motions have fully site‐related physical backgrounds and are compatible to the target spectrum. Additionally, as this method generates broadband ground motions based on the deterministic rupture process, any features of ground motions, such as large velocity pulses, can be taken into account throughout the optimization process. This study introduces the deterministic physical backgrounds of earthquakes to performance‐based seismic design and analysis. The proposed method may have a significant application potential in earthquake engineering.
3D response simulation of a bridge with a posttensioned base rocking steel pier under sequential loading of traffic loads, braking force, and earthquake excitations
Authors: Rahmzadeh Ahmad , Alam M. Shahria , Tremblay Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents finite element (FE) investigations of the seismic response of a bridge incorporating a base rocking steel pier. The pier consists of a circular steel tube, circular end plates, posttensioned (PT) tendon(s), and supplemental energy dissipation devices, and is configured to rock at its interface with the foundation. The main characteristic of such a pier is its ability to ensure small residual drifts after undergoing inelastic deformations during cyclic loading. The system has a tendency to close the gap due to the presence of superstructure dead load (DL) and tendon posttensioning force. Using experimental data, the calibration of the FE procedure is done at the material, component, and global system levels. The FE model of a prototype bridge is developed with the rocking pier modelled by continuum elements while superstructure, bearing units, abutment walls and backfill material modelled by discrete elements. The analysis procedure includes the application of one or two earthquake excitations, traffic loads, and braking force. The varied parameters are the diameter‐to‐thickness ratio of the column, presence of a PT tendon, addition of supplemental energy dissipaters (EDs), base plate dimensions, height of ED chairs, and ED strength. The results of dynamic FE studies demonstrate that a bridge utilizing such a pier has the potential to undergo consecutive earthquakes without sustaining significant damage and return to its original position without requiring abutment component stiffness and strength.
Lower Concentrations of the Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Roundup® Cause Developmental Defects in Artemia salina
Authors: Darmani Homa , Al-Saleh Dua'a Riyad Husain 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Roundup® is the most used glyphosate-based herbicide. During agricultural use it may directly contaminate existing aquatic ecosystems, posing severe concerns for the safety of nontarget terrestrial and aquatic organisms. We investigated the outcome of exposure to different concentrations of glyphosate in Roundup on cyst hatchability, toxicity, and teratogenic effects in the aquatic crustacean Artemia salina that inhabits diverse types of salt waters and, as a filter feeder, carries a greater risk of being exposed to pollutants. We found that exposure to 144 and 288 μg/ml glyphosate in Roundup resulted in cysts unable to complete diapause, and hatchability was completely inhibited during all exposure times tested (17–48 h). A glyphosate concentration of 288 μg/ml in Roundup was lethal to A. salina nauplii, and the lower concentrations (9, 18, 36, 72 μg/ml) had no significant effects on viability. In addition, sublethal and environmentally safe concentrations of glyphosate (0.72 μg/ml) in Roundup affected the early development of A. salina nauplii, with significantly decreased body lengths and reduced widths of the tail, abdomen, and head. The increased level of catalase activity observed in nauplii exposed to 0.72 μg/ml glyphosate for 24 h and those exposed to 7.2 and 72 μg/ml glyphosate for 48 h may be linked to excessive reactive oxygen species levels that had been induced by Roundup. In conclusion, Roundup containing &gt;72 μg/ml glyphosate totally inhibited hatching of cysts and exerted toxic effects on A. salina nauplii. The increased prevalence of developmental defects in the nauplii observed at 0.72 μg/ml glyphosate signifies possible teratogenicity of Roundup exposure even at environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate, possibly due to disturbance of the antioxidant defenses, which needs further investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1586–1594. © 2023 SETAC
Cartesian‐MUSCL‐like face‐value reconstruction algorithm for solving the depth‐averaged 2D shallow‐water equations
Authors: Li Shuo , Lu Xinhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to devise a novel second‐order monotone upstream scheme for conservation law (MUSCL) scheme on unstructured quadrilateral meshes, for solving the depth‐averaged 2D nonlinear shallow‐water equations (SWEs) involving rapid wet–dry transitions on uneven bed terrains. The proposed MUSCL scheme elaborately uses the geometry property of the quadrilateral cell and the reconstruction procedure is very similar to the MUSCL scheme on a Cartesian mesh. The edge‐centred value which is to be used for calculating local variable slope in the proposed scheme, is interpolated by both its two adjacent cell‐centred values and its two edge‐node values, where the nodal values are interpolated from surrounding cell‐centred values with a pseudo‐Laplacian formula. To prevent predicting nonphysically extreme velocities near the wet–dry interfaces so as to ensure model robustness, the proposed MUSCL scheme is locally reduced to be first‐order in potentially problematic cells; these cells are detected with a proposed physically‐based criterion. The new scheme does not need to compute variable gradients at cell‐centers, and we proved that the conventional MUSCL scheme on a Cartesian mesh is just a particular case of the newly designed scheme. A 2D SWEs solver is developed based on the new MUSCL scheme. Various numerical tests demonstrate that the developed numerical model is capable of maintaining steady stationary flow at rest and robust for simulation involving large gradients, and captures well the wet–dry front motions. The developed model is also found to adapt to extremely stretched meshes. Though the proposed numerical scheme is designed originally for meshes with purely quadrilateral cells, numerical experiments show that this scheme works well on triangular meshes as well, indicating that the proposed numerical scheme is attractive for simulations on mixed meshes consisting of both quadrilateral and triangular mesh‐cells.
Shelf‐life extension of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. using selenium nanoparticles synthesized from Cassia fistula Linn. leaves
Authors: Aftab Arusa , Ali Maira , Yousaf Zubaida , Binjawhar Dalal Nasser , Hyder Sajjad , Aftab Zill‐e‐Huma , Maqbool Zainab , Shahzadi Zainab , Eldin Sayed M. , Iqbal Rashid , Ali Iftikhar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFragaria × ananassa Duch. (Strawberry) fruit is susceptible to postharvest diseases, thus decrease in quality attributes, such as physiological and biochemical properties leads to decrease in shelf life. The objective of the present study was to check the effect of Selenium NP's and packaging conditions on the shelf life of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits. The shelf life was observed with 4 days intervals and examined for characteristics such as physiological weight loss, moisture content, percentage decay loss, peroxidase, catalase, and DPPH radical scavenging. The quality change of postharvest Fragaria × ananassa Duch. was monitored by the application of selenium nanoparticles (T1 plant extract in 10 mM salt solution, T2 plant extract in 30 mM salt solution, T3 plant extract in 40 mM salt solution, T4 distilled water; control) in different packaging materials (plastic bags, cardboard, and brown paper) at different storage conditions (6°C and 25°C). 10 mM, 20 mM, and 30 mM solution of sodium selenite salt, prepared from 1 M stock solution. Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using Cassia fistula L. extract and sodium selenite salt solution. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a stabilizer. The nanoparticles were characterized through UV–visible spectroscopy and X‐Ray diffractometer (XRD). It was observed that the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Treated with T1 (CFE and 10 mM salt solution) stored in plastic packaging at ±6°C showed the best physiological parameters and hence the treatment is recommended for storage without affecting the quality of strawberry fruit up to 16 days.
Correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of 12 ethanolic extracts of Iranian propolis
Authors: Fathi Hafshejani Shahnaz , Lotfi Safa , Rezvannejad Elham , Mortazavi Mojtaba , Riahi‐Madvar Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPropolis is a resinous substance produced by honey bees that is very popular as a natural remedy in traditional medicine. The current research is the first study on the biological properties of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) from several different regions (12) of Iran. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) of Iranian EEPs were variable between 26.59–221.38 mg GAE/g EEP and 4.8–100.03 mg QE/g EEP. The DPPH scavenging assay showed all the studied EEP samples, except for the sample with the lowest TPC and TFC (P6), have suitable antioxidant activity. All the EEPs inhibited both cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase: AChE, butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE) but most of them exhibited a distinct selectivity over BuChE. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the EEP samples using four pathogenic bacteria (B. cereus, S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa) demonstrated that the antibacterial properties of propolis are more effective on the gram‐positive bacterium. Spearman correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between TPC and TFC of the Iranian EEPs and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antibacterial activities. Considering that there is ample evidence of anticholinesterase activity of flavonoids and a significant correlation between the anticholinesterase activity of the studied Iranian EEPs and their total flavonoid content was observed, the interaction of 17 well‐known propolis flavonoids with AChE and BuChE was explored using molecular docking. The results indicated that all the flavonoids interact with the active site gorge of both enzymes with high affinity. Summing up, the obtained results suggest that Iranian propolis possesses great potential for further studies.
Selection of superior late‐blooming almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) genotypes using morphological characterizations
Authors: Beigi Fatemeh , Khadivi Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlmond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) is one of the earliest domesticated trees and the evidence dates back to 3000–2000 BC. In the present study, 198 almond seedling origin trees were studied to select late‐flowering genotypes having high kernel quality. Significant variabilities were exhibited among the genotypes investigated based on the recorded traits. Full‐blooming date ranged from mid‐March to mid‐April. The Ward dendrogram clustered the genotypes into two major clusters forming several subclusters. After clustering the genotypes based on the full‐blooming dates, 68 late‐blooming genotypes were recognized and reanalyzed based on the quantitative characters to select the superior ones. Nut‐related characters were as follows: nut length: 22.34–43.05 mm, nut width: 14.07–24.34 mm, nut thickness: 9.21–18.00 mm, nut weight: 1.88–6.62 g, and shell thickness: 2.26–4.59 mm. Kernel‐related characters were as follows: kernel length: 16.73–25.91 mm, kernel width: 8.50–13.64 mm, kernel thickness: 3.56–7.37 mm, and kernel weight: 0.35–1.41 g. Kernel weight was positively and significantly associated with nut weight, kernel thickness, kernel length, kernel width, nut length, and branch leaf width. Thus, these key variables are the main traits accounting for kernel weight, and they should be considered together in breeding with aiming at increasing the kernel weight. Based on ideal values of the important and commercial characters of almond, such as fruit yield, nut weight, shell hardness, kernel shape, kernel weight, and kernel taste, 19 late‐blooming genotypes were promising and are recommended for cultivation in orchards.
Algorithmic HRM control in the gig economy: The app‐worker perspective
Authors: Duggan James , Carbery Ronan , McDonnell Anthony , Sherman Ultan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWork in the gig economy is championed by platform organizations as affording individuals the flexibility to decide when, where, and how much they wish to work. The reality is more complex. In app‐based gig work, we propose the concept of “algorithmic HRM control,” which acts as an omnipresent and distinctive control system that differs from traditional forms of control in two significant ways: first, the reliance upon, and pervasiveness of, algorithmic technologies in its enactment; and second, the substantial direct and indirect influence of non‐organizational parties in controlling workers. Through a qualitative research design, this article delineates the scope of algorithmic HRM control in allocating and coordinating tasks, managing performance and rewards, and aligning the actions of workers with organizational objectives. Our analysis also unpacks the rigidity and complexities of the control system, as experienced by workers, and the influential role of non‐organizational parties in exerting unique, distinct forms of control. In so doing, we build upon emerging research on the duality of algorithmic HRM by revealing the inherent flaws or challenges from the perspective of the most central party—the gig worker. While output‐oriented control is pervasive, process and normative control elements are also found to exist in some scenarios, creating significant concerns for workers.
Long‐term hydrological and biogeochemical datasets from a Mediterranean forest site (Montseny, NE Spain)
Authors: Avila Anna , Rodà Ferran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present here, and make freely available, two long‐term datasets on the hydrology and hydrochemistry of two small catchments totally or partially covered by holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests. Data have been collected over four decades of research on the ecology of Mediterranean evergreen forests. The datasets contain data on water fluxes in precipitation and runoff, and on the ion concentrations and fluxes in precipitation, throughfall and streamwater. Among other applications, these data have been used to obtain catchment budgets of water and elements, to document decadal changes in atmospheric deposition and streamwater chemistry, to assess the role of Saharo‐Sahelian dust on forest nutrient cycling, and to model habitat suitability for an endangered amphibian under future climates. To encourage their further use by the scientific community, in this paper we summarize the data context and methods, and give a nutshell of obtained results. We provide the links to these datasets on the Zenodo platform.
The effect of silicon groups on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of L‐phenylalanine derived poly(amide‐imide)
Authors: Hu Yaping , Zhang Hongbiao , Zou Qiying , Liu Wenbin , Li Wenqin , Yan Lesan , Dai Honglian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(amide‐imide) (PAI), serving as a synthetic polymer, has been widely used in industry for excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and high thermal stability. However, lack of suitable cell niche and biological activity limited the further application of PAI in biomedical engineering. Herein, silicon modified L‐phenylalanine derived poly(amide‐imide) (PAIS) was synthesized by introducing silica to L‐phenylalanine derived PAI to improve physicochemical and biological performances. The influence of silicon amount on physicochemical, immune, and angiogenic performances of PAIS were systemically studied. The results show that PAIS exerts excellent hydrophilic, mechanical, biological activity. PAIS shows no effects on the number of macrophages, but can regulate macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner. This study advanced our understanding of silicon modification in PAI can modulate cell responses via initiating silicon concentration regulation. The acquired knowledge will provide a new strategy to design and optimize biomedical PAI in the future.
Cr2Gen− (n = 15–20) clusters with two Cr atoms exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of Cr2Gen− clusters for n = 15–20 by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Low‐energy structures for these clusters were fully searched through a self‐developed genetic algorithm code combined with DFT calculations. The calculations show that all the two Cr atoms prefer to stay together to form a strong CrCr bond, which—except for size 20—is shorter than the nearest neighbor distance in Cr bulk. Sizes 15 and 16 adopt a wheel‐like structure as the structural motif with the extra Ge atoms capped on the top, while larger sizes (n = 17–20) prefer fullerene‐like Cr2@Ge12 motifs. From the results of the average binding energies of Cr2Gen−, one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. In these lowest‐lying isomers except for size 16, the two Cr atoms contribute opposite magnetic moments for the total magnetic moments of 1 μB, showing an antiferromagnetic state.
Optimization of Voriconazole Dosing Regimens Against Aspergillus Species and Candida Species in Pediatric Patients After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Theoretical Study Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Xie Mengyuan , Jiang Manxue , Qiu Hongyu , Rong Li , Kong Lingti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to optimize the dosing regimens of voriconazole (VRC) for pediatric patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation with different cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 phenotypes and body weights, based on pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis. The PK parameters of VRC were derived from previous literature. Combined with key factors affecting VRC, patients were categorized into 9 subgroups based on different CYP2C19 phenotypes (poor metabolizer/intermediate metabolizer, normal metabolizer, and rapid metabolizer/ultrarapid metabolizer) and typical body weights (15, 40, and 65 kg). Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate dosing regimens for different groups. The area under the 24‐hour free drug concentration–time curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 25 was used as the target value for effective treatment. The probability of target achievement and the cumulative fraction of response were determined on the basis of the assumed MICs and MICs distribution frequency of Aspergillus species and Candida species. When the MIC was ≤1 mg/L, 4 mg/kg every 12 hours was sufficient for optimal effects in groups 1‐3 and groups 5 and 6; however, 6 mg/kg every 12 hours was required for group 4, and 8 mg/kg every 12 hours was required for groups 7‐9. In empirical treatment, lower (2‐6 mg/kg every 12 hours) and higher (6‐12 mg/kg every 12 hours) dosing regimens were recommended for Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., respectively. Our findings will assist in selecting appropriate dosing regimens of VRC for pediatric patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation with different CYP2C19 phenotypes and body weights. Clinically, it is better to continuously adjust the dosing on the basis of the therapeutic drug monitoring.
Educating dental students to provide compassionate age friendly care for older adults
Authors: Marchini Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the world population ages, the need for age friendly care increases. In dentistry, age friendly care requires an appropriate comprehension of multiple factors that can be categorized in socio‐economic circumstances, systemic health problems, and oral health conditions. In addition to the understanding of these factors and its relationships among each other, the future dental workforce should also be aware of unconscious and pervasive societal stereotypical perception of older persons, aging, and being old, which results in ageism and ageist attitudes. Dental schools can play an important role on raising ageism awareness and combating ageism in healthcare, thus preparing the future of the dental workforce to provide compassionate age friendly care. This paper will discuss ageism in dental schools and learning strategies used to combat it and increase compassionate care delivery for older adults.
Effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium using Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Eimeria papillata infection
Authors: Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida , Hawsah Maysar Abu , Al‐Shaebi Esam M. , Al‐Otaibi Tahani , Thagfan Felwa A. , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Dkhil Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease affecting different animal species. Resistance has been reported for all available anticoccidial drugs. Recently, green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a new therapeutic tool against this parasitic disease. The present work aimed to study the effect of biosynthesized nanoselenium from Azadirachta indica leaf extracts (BNS) against Eimeria papillata‐induced infection in mice. The phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts contained 33 phytochemical components. The BNS was spherical with ⁓68.12 nm in diameter and an absorption peak at 308 nm via UV‐spectra. The data showed that mice infected with E. papillata revealed the highest oocyst output on the 5th‐day post‐infection (p.i.). Infection also induced injury and inflammation of the mice jejunum. Treatment with BNS resulted in a 97.21% suppression for the oocyst output. The treated groups with BNS showed enhancement in feed intake as compared to the infected group. Histological examinations showed a significant reduction in the intracellular developmental Eimeria stages in the jejunal tissues of infected‐treated mice of about 24.86 ± 2.38 stages/10 villous crypt units. Moreover, there was a significant change in the morphometry for Eimeria stages after the treatment with BNS. Infection induced a disturbance in the level of carbohydrates and protein contents in the infected mice which enhanced after treatment with BNS. In addition, BNS counteracted the E. papillata‐induced loss of the total antioxidant capacity. Collectively, BNS is considered a promising anticoccidial and antioxidant effector and could be used for the treatment of coccidiosis.