bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apartheid et ethnicisme : le cas zoulou
Authors: Borenstein Richard 
Published: May 2023

Apartheid and ethnicism : the Zulu case.
White domination in South Africa is in crisis. For a few supporters of the system, this crisis, does not exist really, eventhough few reforms must be done. For them, there are only internal problems inside the non white communities : young against old, ethnic or tribal conflicts. G. Buthelezi and his Zulu mass movement fnfcatha are (for them) the living proof of the validity of their analysis. Inkatha claims more than one million members. However, with the domination of Inka- tha on the administration of KwaZulu, it seems that a lot of the card-carriers do not agree with the ideology of Inkatha and are more receptive to Black independent trade-union or Progressive parties... Eventhough Buthelezi claims some links of Inkatha with ANC, in fact his program is close to the PFP and opposed to the «one man, one vote» slogan.
Le triolet multicolore. Dans la musique sud-africaine, une blanche n'égale pas nécessairement deux noires...
Authors: Martin Denis 
Published: May 2023

South African music : a fuzzy triplet...
South African music can be perceived as the aesthetical embodiment of a broader dream of cultural unity expressed in different representations and ideologies. History shows that it grew out of many contacts between South Africa’s different communities ; today’s musical forms blend characters borrowed from their cultural traditions. But, because of segregation and apartheid, South African popular music, in spite of its mixity, has acquired a «black» identity that leads supporters of the «white» powers to categorize its practitioners and fans alike as «pro-African» or «anti-apartheid». What is the most complete expression of the common history of South African peoples has therefore been put into the hands of the African majority which is, now, the only group liable to give it back to South Africa as a whole. In this particular respect, as in some others, music participates in the struggle for the liberation of South Africa.
Jalons pour une sociologie électorale du Togo : 1958, 1985
Authors: Barbier Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2023

Toward an electoral sociology of Togo.
Semi-competitive elections in single-party systems are not without interest for the political sociologist. Voters take into account residential as well as geographical and ethnic origin. This enhances the interest of local monographs, such as the one presented in this paper and dealing with Sokode.
Chef coutumier : un métier difficile
Authors: Van Rouveroy Van Nieuwaal E.A.B. 
Published: May 2023

A difficult job : to be a traditional chief.
Since 1981, Togo does not recognize the judiciary role of traditional chiefs. However, they are still playing an important part, in land deals, small daims arbitrations, order maintenance and reference to customs. The government acknowledges these functions and has created a national Union of Traditional Chiefs ; but this compels die Chiefs to an unflinching loyalty towards the government, which is not always easy.
La «Révolution verte» : discours et financement
Authors: Duanenyo S. 
Published: May 2023

The «green revolution» discourse and finances...
This paper attemps to show the gap between die official discourse on die «green revolution» - the priority to agriculture - and the low level of ressource allocations at the state level. An analysis of die investment policy show that, far from being privileged, as it is constantly being repeated, agriculture is not even considered as a priority, in budgetary terms.
Le privilège urbain : conditions de vie et santé au Niger
Authors: Raynaut Claude 
Published: May 2023

«Urban bias» in the analysis of living conditions and health in Niger.
The provision of health care offers a useful case for an objective analysis of urban bias. Though a study of the inhabitants of Niger’s second largest town, Maradi, this paper examines what, in city life, can constitute a factor of différenciation in health conditions. The role of the state in the distribution of resources gives this process a political significance.
La société contre le bipartisme ?
Authors: Ibrahim Jibrin 
Published: May 2023

Society against a two-party system ?
General Bakangida’s presidency is orienting Nigeria towards fundomental political and economic transformations. At the political level, a federal bipartisan system mobilised by an organisation created to produce a new political culture is proposed. For the economy, an IMF type structural Adjustment Programme is being implemented. How would Nigeria’s pluricultural society react to the exigencies of this guided democracy and economic hardship ?
Politique urbaine : une révolution au service de l’État
Authors: Marie Alain 
Published: May 2023

Urban policy : a revolution in the service of the state.
The implementation of the NCR’s urban policy in Ouagadougou has two principal aspects : the allotment of the peripheral quarters and the renovation of the city centre. Beyond ideological proclamations, this policy constitutes an excellent «analyser» of Sankara’s Revolution and reveals it’s real objectives : the construction of a strong and centralised state, based, among other things, on the reorganisation of the old urban territorial divisions, towards a new bureaucratic and aggregative logic.
Un pouvoir de travailleurs peut-il être contre les syndicats ?
Authors: Kabeya muase Charles 
Published: May 2023

Can workers power negate «union power» ?
The CNR lays claims to being the legitimate successor to the trade union struggles of th 1970’s and is thus the repository of workers power, a belief that led to the supression of trade unions in Burkina Faso. The unions have however responded by mobilising their members against the government and shown that they are a counter power to reckon with.
Pratiques de sédentarité et nomadisme au Mali. Réalité sociologique ou slogan politique ?
Authors: Cissé Salmana 
Published: May 2023

Sedentary practice and nomadism in Mali : sociological reality or political slogan ?
Malian nomads constitute 7 % of the population and are spread over 2/3 of the country. Three examples that analyse sedentary life are presented. Sedentarisation, organised by the Administration is considered by the nomads as a transitory measure. There is a follow up policy on the adequacy of the sedentarisation camps but permanency is ruled out by the vagaries of weather and foreign financial aid.
Bœufs et pouvoirs : les éleveurs du sud-ouest et de l’ouest malgaches
Authors: Fauroux Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

Castle and power : herdsmen of Douthwestern and Western Madagascar.
The agricultural pastoralists of Southwestern and Western Madagascar are affronted by profound transformations affecting the already difficult conditions in the rural world. They are boddy placed in relation to the new regional power structure and their difficulties are worsened by the progress of the modern economy.
However, cattle remains central to ceremonial ideology and all strategies. The few proprietors of large herds use their wealth to create a network of clients there by enabling them extend their prosperity in other economic activities, in particular rice cultivation.
«L’État sauvage...» : Pygmées et forêts d’Afrique centrale
Authors: Guillaume Henri 
Published: May 2023

En dépit de leur aspect résiduel et de leur marginalité, les sociétés pygmées sont exemplaires de mutations contemporaines que connaissent les sociétés nomades.
Y a-t-il encore place pour les pygmées en forêt ? Compte tenu des intérêts économiques représentés par les zones forestières et des stratégies de développement en œuvre, toute issue autre que leur sédentarisation, généralement source de déséquilibres aigus, paraît illusoire.
La «politique agricole» : un concept vide ? Les effets pervers de l'ouverture libérale.
Authors: Chéneau-Loquay Annie 
Published: May 2023

Agricultural policy : an empty concept ? Perverse effects of liberalism.
In Guinea, the applications of liberal recipes accentuates contradictions between the actors ; government, funding agencies and rural merchants. The State apparatus is incapable of controlling the situation and defining an agricultural policy. There is a significant rise in food dependence and the farmers suffer a double penalty; they can neither produce more nor increase their price in urban markets. A more locally oriented policy based on the country’s tradition of rice production and the regional market might be more in tune with the desire for real rural development.
Les institutions de Bretton Woods en République de Guinée
Authors: Gilles L. 
Published: May 2023

Une vision trop technicienne de l’appréciation des processus d’ajustement en cours dans certains pays d’Afrique conduit à des jugements souvent hâtifs et négatifs qui ne reflètent pas la réalité des efforts déployés par ces pays.
Dans le cas de la Guinée, on constate que l’ajustement demeure «dicté» par les experts de Washington et, qu’en l’état actuel, aucune véritable négociation des programmes n’est possible; les pays «ajustés» ne disposant pas - et pour cause - des outils élémentaires leur permettant un véritable dialogue avec les institutions internationales.
L’ajustement au quotidien
Authors: Schwartz Jacques 
Published: May 2023

Day to day adjustement.
The former system of administrative provisions of city dwellers had its own logic and its advantages. By dismantling the system, the Military have upset the «food protectorate» enjoyed by public service workers. The resulting rise in speculation has led to price explosion and deepened social inequalities in Conakry, where many households are barely surviving.
L’Etat patrimonialisé
Authors: Médard Jean-François 
Published: May 2023

The patrimonialized state.
The interpretation of the African state as a neo-patrimonial state gives rise to the contradiction between the logics of patrimonialism and the logics of economic development. One could conclude that the solution would be to de-patrimonialize the state in order to promote development ; however, this might destroy the state and development with it.
La violence et ses conséquences urbaines à Kampala
Authors: Calas Bernard 
Published: May 2023

Urban consequences of uganda violence.
Between 1966 and 1986, increasing tummoils and civil wars spoilt Uganda. Urban consequences of these events have been very wide. Insecurity stopped rural exodus, prunned up urban elites and broke down its economic basis. Thus all urban residents werre forced to be involved in survival strategies built upon corruption, illegality, «laisser-faire» and security reflexes. More than fightings, these strategies speeded the physical decay of Kampala. Since 1986, NRM tries to impulse a new urban way of life as opposed to the past trends.
Surveillance et répression en postcolonie
Authors: Marchal Roland 
Published: May 2023

Surveillance and repression in «prison-colony».
The works of A. Giddens and C. Dandeker inspire a number of research directions here — presented in a non — exhaustive manner. They focus on the social history of institutions considered from the angle of their surveillance functions : the army, the police, the prisons and workshops are analysed from the standpoint of the transnationalisation of certain disciplinary techniques. The research results should permit the definition of a theorical perspective more pertinent and operational.
Deux mille collines pour les petits et les grands. Radioscopie des stéréotypes hutu et tutsi au Rwanda et au Burundi
Authors: Elias Michel , Helbig Danielle 
Published: May 2023

Two thousand hills for the small and the tall : radioscopy of Hutu and Tutsi stereotypes in Rwanda.
The west tends to feed itself with stereotypes when dealing with Rwanda and Burundi. During the colonial period, a hierarchy-based racial ideology has established wich distinguishes three courses of identification : Tutsi, Hutu and Twa. This discourse was retained in its broad lines by some anthropologists after indepetulance. More seriously, younger generations in Rwanda and Burundi have internalized this ethnic analysis and their national realities.
Le Gabon à la recherche d’un nouvel ethos politique et social
Authors: Gaulme François 
Published: May 2023

Gabon in search of a new political and social ethos.
Gabon’s shift towards multipartyism took place in relative calm and seems to be a success. However, in 1990, France intervened militarily in this country for the second time since 1964; the newly-formed political parties are putting forward demands from social and regional groups. These have increased with the financial and economic crisis confronting Gabon for the last five years. Renewal on the political scene, of still imprecise trends, does not exclude violence or the return to religion in a country where multipartyism coincided with a quarter of a century of exceptional prosperity.
La peur du nombre ou les défis de la croissance démographique ?
Authors: Loriaux Michel 
Published: May 2023

The fear of numbers or the demographic growth challenges ?
Up to now, the intensity and duration of its demographic growth has differentiated Africa from the other continents, as well as the inconsistencies in the experiments in sectorial policies and population programs. As a consequence, a replacement model, which gives priority to human development and which takes into account the original aspects of societies is imperative.
Politique de santé et population
Authors: Barbieri Magali , Cantrelle Pierre 
Published: May 2023

Dans la plupart des pays, les gouvernements africains ont reconnu qu’il était de leur devoir d’assurer «le droit à la santé de chaque citoyen» dès les lendemains de l’indépendance. Des politiques de santé dignes de ce nom n’ont cependant pas émergé avant les années 70; devant l’échec du système de santé de type hospitalo-universitaire qui dominait jusqu’alors et sous l’impulsion de la stratégie des soins de santé primaires élaborée à Alma-Ata, les gouvernements se sont engagés à adopter des programmes mieux adaptés aux besoins du plus grand nombre.
Les difficultés liées à la crise économique et aux mesures d’ajustement structurel, en même temps que les contraintes culturelles et sociales dont l’impact avait été négligé ont handicapé la mise en œuvre des programmes prévus. En dépit d’une approche plus sélective développée au cours des années 80, les réalisations en matière de santé demeurent largement en deçà des objectifs fixés. L’émergence de nouveaux fléaux (Sida notamment) ou la persistance de spectres anciens (choléra, paludisme) combinés à l’environnement économique défavorable compromettent gravement le projet de la «Santé pour tous en l’an 2000».
Circulation des hommes et urbanisation
Authors: Bris Emile Le , Quesnel André 
Published: May 2023

Circulation of persons and urbanization : policy failures.
There has been an undeniable slow down in growth in the capitals, but this is certainly not the case with the general rate of urbanization. However, changes in the forms and effects of the urbanization process are underway, at its point of origin in the countryside as well as in the conditions of integration in the cities. The traditional rural-urban division has never been more pertinent than it is today. The economic and financial means of handling the crisis result in phenomena of demographic and social redistribution which affect the political balance. It is more necessary than ever to go over sectorial interventions which effects on mobility and urbanization are often substantial but which, in most cases, ignore the population variable. Thus, a field of research on how to succeed in integrating population-urbanization-development is open.
Le «contrat social» sénégalais à l’épreuve
Authors: Cruise O'Brien Donal 
Published: May 2023

The senegalese social contract to the test.
The Senegalese State has been tied to the religious brotherhoods for a long time by a social contract which is notow threatened. Since Abdou Diouf has come to power, the modernization of the political and administrative machinery seems to be bound to a conflict with the islamic tradition, bringing abouts faults in the logic of clientelism which had until now been operating. The elections not being considered as a way to a democratic alternation, the successful example of the Senegalese political stability is now challenged.
Les paysans du bassin arachidier. Conditions de vie et comportements de survie
Authors: Diop Abdoulaye-bara 
Published: May 2023

Farmers in the peanut production area. living conditions and survival behaviour.
The rural world is one of the main victims of the economical crisis which has been striking Senegal for years. In the peanut production area (bassin arachidier % the farmers try to adapt to this difficult situation in making use of survived strategies. But their living conditions will improve only if they assume their situation and organize themselves to be an efficient counterweight to the governmental actions.
L’autodétermination des peuples et le statut de l'histoire
Authors: Wamba-dia-wamba Ernest , Copans Jean 
Published: May 2023

People's selfdetermination and history status.
History is not only an intellectual and academical product, it is determined all together by the status of the dominating and dominated classes, by the nature of the historian professionnal environment and by the conditions of its methodological elaboration. But the latter point is not enough, even in the case of a marxism defined itself as rigourous. The main question is : is it possible to educate popular masses by the mean of this approach of history in so far as it is identified as part of history making as well as its audience.
Jeux d’argent et de pouvoir au Zaïre : la «bin-domanie» et le crépuscule de la Deuxième République
Authors: Jewsiewicki Bogumil 
Published: May 2023

Money and power games in Zaïre : the «bindomania» and the twilight of the Second republic.
The case of the Bindo promotion and other «promotions» private placing offices existing in 1990-1991 reveals the whole Zaïre society in crisis. The phenomenon of inflation and illicit trading (currency, precious stones and so on), conflicts within the elite, head of State Mobutu’s manipulations, the nature of urban economy and above all popular fantasy. This promotion system has been a giant trap which allowed the army and the power to overcome meanwhile they puzzled people by rumours and fears and by burgling absolutely all the resources of the Zaïre population.
Être Touareg au Mali
Authors: Bernus Edmond 
Published: May 2023

Being a Tuareg in Mali.
The regional diversity of Malian Tuaregs is described after a general presentation of their area, common culture, stereotypes. The revolts in the past, as the one of Firboun, the heroe of 1916, and then another one in the Adrar of Iforas in 1963-64 against the government of Modibo Keita are followed by the revolt which has lasted since 1990 in Niger and Mali with warriors of some skill in arms and cars. Attacks and wild repression followed one another in a spiral of violence which leads to a massive exodus of the Tuaregs to Mauritania and South of Algeria. The fall of Moussa Traoré, the pact signed in april 1992, the election of Alpha Oumar Konaré, give great hopes but cannot heal the wounds between the Arabo-Berbers and the other part of the country.
Défense d’y voir : la politisation de la protection de la nature
Authors: Ellis Stephen 
Published: May 2023

The politisation of nature conservation.
Certain elements of the south african security forces have exploited the natural resources to profit the strategies of political destabilization and enrichment. They have thus succeeded in establishing highly developed networks of contreband of valuable natural products «ivory, gems, rhinoceros horns and drugs» serving to finance military aid delivered by South Africa and aimed at inforturing and strengthening the WWF International. The same forces which have since been well implanted in the Kruger National Park participate in political actions and could eventually constitute within these reservs actual military zones.
L’Europe et l’Afrique : flux et reflux
Authors: Coquet Bruno , Daniel Jean-Marc , Fourmann Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

Europe and Africa : Ebb and flow.
The 1957 Treaty of Rome, initiating the construction of Europe, coincides with the independence of most African countries. During the last years, the political, commercial and financial links between these two zones, although important, cannot help divergent evolution of their respective economic situation. This paper describes and interprets the Euro-African declining commercial and financial flows since the 60’s in order to propose a global diagnosis on trade, aid, debt and foreign investments in Africa.
Les intellectuels africains face à l’entreprise démocratique. Entre la citoyenneté et l'expertise.
Authors: Diouf Mamadou 
Published: May 2023

African intellectuals facing the democratic entreprise.
From the period of elitist nationalism to the democratic transitions, the trajectories of African intellectuals have always been jerky. Even if they give themselves messianic and tribune roles, their statutes remain ambiguous regarding society, state power and modernity.
PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK TANI ( STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK TANI SUBUR DI DESA KARANG AGUNG KABUPATEN BULUNGAN )
Authors: Suryana Nia Kurniasih , Ningsih Dewi Setia 
Published: May 2023

Peran penyuluh dalam pemberdayaan yaitu membantu petani meningkatkan kesejahteraan dengan memperkaya ilmu pengetahuan, Dimana penyuluh membantu bagaimana petani bisa mandiri, kuat dan bisa memecahkan suatu permasalahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendeskripsikan peran penyuluh pertanian dalam upaya memberdayakan kelompok tani subur. (2) Mengetahui pengaruh peran penyuluh pertanian terhadap keberdayaan kelompok tani Subur. Informan dan responden dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Kelompok Tani Subur dan lokasi penelitian di lakukan pada kelompok Tani Subur Desa Karang Agung Kabupaten Bulungan. Analisis yang di gunakan adalah yang pertama analisis data kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan peran penyuluh pertanian dalam pemberdayaan, yang kedua menggunakan metode Angket ( kuisioner) yaitu sejumlah pertanyaan tertulis yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi dari responden dalam arti laporan tentang pribadinya atau hal-hal yang diketahui dan yang ketiga analisis regresi sederhana untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran penyuluh pertanian dalam pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Subur. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitan dapat di simpulkan bahwa peran penyuluh pertanian sebagai motivator, fasilator, dan edukator sudah cukup baik dalam proses memberdayakan Kelompok Tani Subur, dan peran penyuluh pertanian sebagai motivator, fasilitator, dan edukator berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keberdayaan Kelompok Tani Subur yakni nilai signifikan 0.003 0,05 (standar eror yang telah ditentukan) melalui hasil analisis regresi sederhana.