bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of breast cancer based on the classification ofHER‐2 andERbiomarkers using deep neural network
Authors: Saranyaraj D. , Manikandan M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the highly coarse chromatin, multi‐dimensionality of the histo image, irregularity of shape and size, texture and appearance, nuclei extraction is challenging. To address these complexities, a deep‐learning algorithm called a stacked sparse autoencoder was considered as a research factor in this study.Methods and MaterialsThis study focuses on detecting the epithelial regions and extracting high‐level features to segment the patches based on the nuclei and classify the biomarkers concerning the nuclei patches. We used 6,53,400 microscopic image patches of 363 patients sourced from the BreakHis database, of which 4,90,050 prominent image patches containing only nuclei were utilized for biomarker classification (essentially eliminating the non‐nuclei patches from 363 whole‐slide images (WSI)). Non‐nuclei patches were eliminated owing to an imbalanced class distribution. From the nuclei patches the biomarkers oestrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2) that are crucial for the early diagnosis of breast cancer are predicted based on the nuclei count and Nuclei intensity. These indicators aid in predicting the risk of breast cancer as well as the severity and potential effectiveness of various treatments. About 20%–25% of breast cancer cases have an overexpression of the protein HER‐2, which makes the tumour more aggressive and on the other hand, the majority of breast cancer cases express the protein ER.ResultsThe classifier finally classified if the nuclei detected based on the features were benign, malignant, or normal with an accuracy of 99.73%, using which early prediction is performed by extracting and classifying the biomarkers HER‐2 and ER. The overall classification rate for classifying HER‐2 and ER was 97.52%.ConclusionHER‐2 +ve was classified with an intensity above 23%, and total nuclei in the range of 150–1000 were termed ER‐positive. Based on these 40 HER‐2 +ve patients, 25 ER +ve patients were detected in 363 patients. From this observation, it is concluded that 25–40 patients are at risk of breast cancer in the next 5 years due to the cell proliferation rate of 7000.
Characterizing dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation for a transboundary groundfish assemblage
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B. , Thorson James T. , O'Leary Cecilia A. , Kotwicki Stan , Hoff Jerry , Ianelli James N. , Kulik Vladimir V. , Punt Andre E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany mobile marine taxa are changing their distributions in response to climate change. Such movements pose a challenge to fisheries monitoring and management, particularly in systems where climate‐adaptive and ecosystem‐based management objectives are emphasized. While shifts in species distributions can be discerned from long‐term fisheries‐independent monitoring data, distilling coherent patterns across space and time from such datasets can be challenging, particularly for transboundary stocks. One approach for identifying dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation that has been widely used in physical atmospheric and oceanographic studies is empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, wherein spatiotemporal variation is separated into time‐series of annual factor loadings and spatial response maps. Here, we apply an extension of EOF analysis that has been modified for compatibility with biological sampling data to a combined US–Russian fisheries‐independent survey dataset that spans the eastern (United States) and western (Russia) Bering Sea shelf to estimate dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation for 10 groundfish species at a shelf‐wide scale. EOF identified one axis of variability that was coherent with the extent of cold (≤0°C) near‐bottom waters (the cold pool) previously shown to be a key influence on species distributions and ecosystem structure for the Bering Sea. However, the leading axis of variability identified by our EOF analysis was characterized by low frequency changes in the distributions of several species over longer time scales. Our analysis has important implications for predicting variation in species distributions over time and demonstrates a widely applicable method for leveraging combined fisheries‐independent survey datasets to characterize community‐level responses to ecosystem change at basin‐wide scales.
Genetic diversity varies with species traits and latitude in predatory soil arthropods (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
Authors: Bharti D. K. , Pawar Pooja Yashwant , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Joshi Jahnavi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the drivers of intra‐specific genetic diversity in centipedes, a group of ancient predatory soil arthropods.LocationAsia, Australasia and Europe.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedCentipedes (Class: Chilopoda).MethodsWe assembled a database of 1245 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences representing 128 centipede species from all five orders of Chilopoda. This sequence dataset was used to estimate genetic diversity for centipede species and compare its distribution with estimates from other arthropod groups. We studied the variation in centipede genetic diversity with species traits and biogeography using a beta regression framework, controlling for the effect of shared evolutionary history within a family.ResultsA wide variation in genetic diversity across centipede species (0–0.1713) falls towards the higher end of values among arthropods. Overall, 27.57% of the variation in mitochondrial COI genetic diversity in centipedes was explained by a combination of predictors related to life history and biogeography. Genetic diversity decreased with body size and latitudinal position of sampled localities, was greater in species showing maternal care and increased with geographic distance among conspecifics.Main ConclusionsCentipedes fall towards the higher end of genetic diversity among arthropods, which may be related to their long evolutionary history and low dispersal ability. In centipedes, the negative association of body size with genetic diversity may be mediated by its influence on local abundance or the influence of ecological strategy on long‐term population history. Species with maternal care had higher genetic diversity, which goes against expectations and needs further scrutiny. Hemispheric differences in genetic diversity can be due to historic climatic stability and lower seasonality in the southern hemisphere. Overall, we find that despite the differences in mean genetic diversity among animals, similar processes related to life‐history strategy and biogeography are associated with the variation within them.
Seed dispersal distance classes and dispersal modes for the European flora
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Axmanová Irena , Chytrý Milan , Midolo Gabriele , Abdulhak Sylvain , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Renaud Julien , Van Es Jérémie , Vittoz Pascal , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationAlthough dispersal ability is one of the key features determining the spatial dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities, it is also one of the traits for which we still lack data for most species. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of seed dispersal distance classes and predominant dispersal modes for most European vascular plants. Our seed dispersal dataset can be used in functional biogeography, dynamic vegetation modelling and ecological studies at local to continental scales.Main Types of Variables ContainedSpecies were classified into seven ordered classes with similar dispersal distances estimated based on the predominant dispersal mode, the morphology of dispersal units (diaspores or propagules), life form, plant height, seed mass, habitat and known dispersal by humans. We evaluated our results by comparing them with dispersal distances calculated using the ‘dispeRsal’ function in R.Spatial LocationEurope.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementThe seed dispersal dataset contains information on dispersal distance classes and the predominant dispersal mode for 10,327 most frequent and locally dominant European vascular plant species.Software FormatData are available in .csv format.
FAMILIES, SIMILARITIES AND MULTI‐FAITH FUTURES: RE‐IMAGINING ISLAM AND MUSLIMS IN LESSING AND NOVALIS
Authors: Hodkinson James 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIn G. E Lessing's Nathan der Weise (1779) Muslims are represented alongside Jews and Christians. These relationships are framed in terms of shared human morality and the shared biology of family, expressed through physical resemblance, rather than through similarities or differences of faith. Ultimately, it is the biological fact of consanguine family, not religion, which forms the basis of future human relationships. The Early Romantic Novalis, by contrast, sketches a figurative, interfaith family in Heinrich von Ofterdingen (1801). This accommodates Christians and Muslims within a universal model of ‘aesthetic’ human religiosity, which nonetheless allows each faith to maintain distinctive, even mutually conflicting beliefs, and thus envisions a more pluralistic unity. Modelling interfaith relationships around familial similarities offers a tempting alternative to the mutual alienation and ‘othering’ of critical Orientalism, although this approach can fixate upon normative characteristics and deflect attention from the distinctiveness of differing faiths. Both writers locate their Muslim characters within differing trajectories of historical progress: for Lessing, humanity's future is grounded in a common humanity rooted in shared biology, with Islam rendered incidental or obscure, whereas Novalis envisions a pluralistic, multi‐perspectival future, marked by shifting, re‐imaginable familial relationships, within which Muslims can retain core aspects of their faith.
Coincidental items in the definition of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver are useful in identifying patients having significant fibrosis with fatty liver
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Abe Tamami , Nakaya Ippeki , Watanabe Takuya , Yusa Kenji , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Akiko , Kooka Yohei , Endo Kei , Yoshida Yuichi , Oikawa Takayoshi , Miyasaka Akio , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to establish a method that will identify patients at a high risk for progressive phenotype of fatty liver.MethodsPatients with fatty liver who underwent liver biopsy between July 2008 and November 2019 were included as cohort 1, and those who underwent abdominal ultrasound screening examination by general physicians between August 2020 and May 2022 served as cohort 2. According to the definition of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver (MAFLD), the subjects were classified by body mass index of ≥23, diabetes mellitus, and coexistence of two or more metabolic risk items. The progressive phenotype of MAFLD is defined by significant fibrosis complicated with either nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥4 (BpMAFLD) or steatosis grade ≥2 by ultrasound examination (UpMAFLD).ResultsOne hundred sixty‐eight patients and 233 patients were enrolled in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. In cohort 1, the prevalence of BpMAFLD was 0% in patients without a complicating factor (n = 10), 13% in those with one complicating factor (n = 67), 32% in those with two (n = 73), and 44% in those with all three complicating factors (n = 36). A logistic regression analysis revealed that factors in the MAFLD definition were significantly associated with BpMAFLD. In cohort 2, a criterion of two or more positive MAFLD definitions was found to have a 97.4% negative predictive value for the diagnosis of UpMAFLD.ConclusionPatients with two or more complicating factors in the MAFLD definition should have further evaluation for liver fibrosis.
A study on the preoperative risk factors for primary healing failure in the reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection with platelet‐rich plasma and negative pressure trauma therapy
Authors: Song Yaoyao , Chu Wanli , Zhang Ming , Liu Zhaoxing , Li Dawei , Zhao Fan , Zhang Bohan , Gao Mengmeng , Yuan Huageng , Shen Chuanan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a relatively complex wound in wound reconstruction surgery. Because plastic surgeons deal with DSWI patients late. The primary healing (healing by first intention) after reconstruction of DSWI is restricted by many preoperative risk factors. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse the risk factors of primary healing failure in patients with DSWI treated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and negative pressure trauma therapy (NPWT). 115 DSWI patients treated with the PRP and NPWT (PRP + NPWT) modality were retrospectively (2013‐2021) analysed. They were divided into two groups according to primary healing results after the first PRP + NPWT treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the data of the two groups to find out the risk factors and their optimal cut‐off values were identified by ROC analysis. The primary healing results, debridement history, wound size, sinus, osteomyelitis, renal function, bacterial culture, albumin (ALB), platelet (PLT) between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that osteomyelitis, sinus, ALB and PLT were the risk factors affecting primary healing outcomes (P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that AUC for ALB in the non‐primary healing group was 0.743 (95% CI: 0.650‐0.836, P < 0.05) and its optimal cutoff value of 31 g/L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 45.1%. AUC for PLT in the non‐primary healing group was 0.670 (95% CI: 0.571 ~ 0.770, P < 0.05) its optimal cutoff value of 293 × 109/L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 72.5% and specificity of 56.3%. In the cases included in this study, the success rate of primary healing of DSWI treated with PRP + NPWT was not affected by the most common preoperative risk factors for wound non‐union. It is indirectly confirmed that PRP + NPWT is an ideal treatment. However, it should be noted that it will still be adversely affected by sinus osteomyelitis, ALB and PLT. The patients need to be carefully evaluated and corrected before reconstruction.
Children's cognitive performance and suicide risk through middle adulthood
Authors: Vidal‐Ribas Pablo , Govender Theemeshni , Yu Jing , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Perlis Roy H. , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLongitudinal studies show that lower cognitive performance in adolescence and early adulthood is associated with higher risk of suicide death throughout adulthood. However, it is unclear whether this cognitive vulnerability originates earlier in childhood since studies conducted in children are scarce and have inconsistent results.MethodsVital status of 49,853 individuals born between 1959 and 1966 to participants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project cohort was determined by a probabilistic linkage to the National Death Index, covering all US deaths occurring from 1979 through 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations of general, verbal, and non‐verbal intelligence at ages 4 and 7, and academic skills at age 7 with suicide death coded according to ICD‐9/10 criteria, while accounting for sociodemographic and pregnancy factors previously associated with suicide in this sample.ResultsBy the end of 2016, 288 cohort members had died by suicide. Cognitive performance at 7 years on tests with verbal components was associated with suicide risk (average vs. high verbal intelligence, HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.05–3.71; low vs. high spelling skills, HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.16–3.51; low vs. high reading skills, HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.27–3.17). Associations were still evident, especially for verbal intelligence and reading skills, but hazard ratios were attenuated after adjusting for prenatal and sociodemographic factors at birth (verbal intelligence, HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.03–3.78; spelling, HR = 1.61, 95% CI 0.90–2.88; reading, HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72).ConclusionsChildhood neurocognitive performance is associated with vulnerability to suicide mortality through middle‐adulthood, suggesting that there might be a cognitive diathesis for suicide originating in early childhood. Future studies should examine how multiple domains of childhood cognitive performance contribute to vulnerability to suicide risk, including by increasing risk for social and environmental factors that are associated not only with suicide but also with many types of psychiatric disorders.
Underwater analysis of the reproductive behaviour and egg development of the jawfish Opistognathus iyonis
Authors: Nemoto Yuki , Ogawa Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFishes of the jawfish family Opistognathidae are cryptobenthic and distributed in subtropical seas, and new species are still being reported. Opistognathus spp. live alone in burrows and males orally brood their egg clutches. The life cycle of jawfish, including their reproductive behaviour, is poorly understood. Here we describe the natural reproduction and embryonic development of Opistognathus iyonis in Yamaguchi, Japan, based on underwater surveys for 3 years. Spawning was observed as female jawfish came into the male's burrow ~30 min before sunrise. The jawfish had a mean number of 4.4 egg clutches in the burrow through 48.2 days, and the egg took 12 days to hatching. The mean temperature for developmental days was 20.8°C. The mean and cumulative water temperature during development significantly correlated with the number of developmental days. During egg development, male jawfish took care of eggs by holding them for part of the time in their mouths. Hatching was observed ~20 min after sunset. When hatching occurred orally, eggs were pushed out and back repeatedly using the lower jaw; consequently, the egg clutches were let out in an upward direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the reproductive behaviour of O. iyonis in the natural environment in the same area for several years.
A new method for calculating interplanar spacing to distinguish between similar phases in EBSD
Authors: Peng Fan , Zhang Jimei , Liu Ziwei , Song Xuemei , Zheng Wei , Zeng Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCommercial electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) systems generally use interplanar angle matching for pattern indexing, and thus, they are unable to distinguish between some similar phases with close interplanar angles, such as Al and Si. The interplanar spacing is more diagnostic but generally difficult to apply in pattern indexing because it lacks precision. In this study, we proposed an efficient approach for accurately measuring interplanar spacing by correcting the reciprocal‐lattice vector (RLV). The phase discrimination of Al and Si was performed by interplanar spacing matching. The Kikuchi bands were identified automatically by the self‐developed method using pattern rotation combined with grey gradient recognition without the help of human eyes. The reliable RLV relationship was extracted by accurately drawing reciprocal‐lattice vectors. The lengths of RLVs were corrected, and then the RLVs were used for evaluating lattice spacing. The results of five Kikuchi patterns with different clarity showed that this new method reduced the average error of interplanar spacings by 50.611% and achieved an average accuracy of 1.644% for lattice spacing calculation. The method could distinguish structures with a difference in lattice spacing of at least 3.3%. This method was also effective for fuzzy patterns and partially missing Kikuchi bands and might be used as a new strategy for improving the calculation accuracy of lattice spacing for fuzzy patterns. The method did not have additional requirements concerning the number of detected Kikuchi bands and poles. The accuracy of lattice spacing could be effectively improved by correcting the RLVs based on routine pattern recognition. This method might be used as an auxiliary approach to differentiate between similar phases and is well‐adapted to the existing commercial EBSD system.
Consumer skepticism, advertising regulation, and the internet: Questions worth exploring
Authors: Ringold Debra Jones 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince 1990, the US advertising, regulatory, and consumer information landscapes have changed materially, raising the possibility that consumers' fundamental beliefs about advertising as an activity or institution have also changed. Nine national polls of advertising sentiment, fielded between 1964 and 1989 by the Roper Organization or the Opinion Research Corporation, were replicated with panel members matched to the US adult population. Preliminary results suggest that the internet era may have fostered a trust‐because‐we‐can‐verify consumer attitude toward advertising. The internet has changed the consumer information landscape by reducing the difficulty of assessing claims, fostering independent evaluators who often include competitors, and providing a venue for consumer retaliation. The implications for advertising regulation may contradict the Pertschuk view (1982) of regulation again embraced by some at the Federal Trade Commission. Rather than enhancing the need for advertising regulation and enforcement, the internet may have reduced the need for such efforts.
Modernizing standards of identity for juice: Evidence from consumer acceptance of orange juice blend
Authors: Yu Luqing , Yoon Sungeun , Wu Qianyan , Gao Zhifeng , Hricik Stephanie , Goodrich‐Schneider Renee , Sims Charles , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Standards of Identity (SOI) for food may prevent the adoption of the strategies that help sustain the development of some food industries. This study provides comprehensive insights into the possibility of regulation changes with SOI for orange juice from consumer perspectives. Results show that the juice blends with 50% orange juice and 50% tangerine juice received the highest sensory scores. However, most consumers do not think juice blends with less than 70% orange juice can be called orange juice. The WTP for juice blends with less than 70% orange juice also decreases significantly. The results provide strong support for modifying the current SOI for orange juice. In addition, the ratio of 70% orange juice and 30% non‐orange juice (tangerine/mandarin) is an appropriate threshold for starting the change to the SOI for orange juice. Successful modification to food SOI should consider its impact on both food quality and consumer perceptions.