bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining epidemiological data and whole genome sequencing to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in a large tertiary care hospital during the first COVID-19 wave in The Netherlands focusing on healthcare workers
Authors: Haanappel Cynthia P. , Oude Munnink Bas B. , Sikkema Reina S. , Voor in ’t holt Anne F. , de Jager Herbert , de Boever Rieneke , Koene Heidy H. H. T. , Boter Marjan , Chestakova Irina V. , van der Linden Anne , Molenkamp Richard , Osbak Kara K. , Arcilla Maris S. , Vos Margreet C. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Severin Juliëtte A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Healthcare facilities have been challenged by the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between healthcare workers (HCW) and patients. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, infections among HCW were observed, questioning infection prevention and control (IPC) measures implemented at that time.

Aim
This study aimed to identify nosocomial transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 between HCW and patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
All SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive HCW and patients identified between 1 March and 19 May 2020, were included in the analysis. Epidemiological data were collected from patient files and HCW contact tracing interviews. Whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were generated using Nanopore sequencing (WGS). Epidemiological clusters were identified, whereafter WGS and epidemiological data were combined for re-evaluation of epidemiological clusters and identification of potential transmission clusters. HCW infections were further classified into categories based on the likelihood that the infection was acquired via nosocomial transmission. Secondary cases were defined as COVID-19 cases in our hospital, part of a transmission cluster, of which the index case was either a patient or HCW from our hospital.

Findings
The study population consisted of 293 HCW and 245 patients. Epidemiological data revealed 36 potential epidemiological clusters, with an estimated 222 (75.7%) HCW as secondary cases. WGS results were available for 195 HCW (88.2%) and 20 patients (12.8%) who belonged to an epidemiological cluster. Re-evaluation of the epidemiological clusters, with the available WGS data identified 31 transmission clusters with 65 (29.4%) HCW as secondary cases. Transmission clusters were all part of 18 (50.0%) previously determined epidemiological clusters, demonstrating that several larger outbreaks actually consisted, of several smaller transmission clusters. A total of 21 (7.2%) HCW infections were classified as from confirmed nosocomial, of which 18 were acquired from another HCW and 3 from a patient.

Conclusion
The majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCW could be attributed to community-acquired infection. Infections among HCW that could be classified as due to nosocomial transmission, were mainly caused by HCW-to-HCW transmission rather than patient-to-HCW transmission. It is important to recognize the uncertainties of cluster analyses based solely on epidemiological data.
Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance
Authors: Weakley Jonathon , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Ljungberg Johanna , Halson Shona L. , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResistance training is a method of enhancing strength, gait speed, mobility, and health. However, the external load required to induce these benefits is a contentious issue. A growing body of evidence suggests that when lower load resistance training [i.e., loads < 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)] is completed within close proximity to concentric failure, it can serve as an effective alternative to traditional higher load (i.e., loads > 70% of 1RM) training and in many cases can promote similar or even superior physiological adaptations. Such findings are important given that confidence with external loads and access to training facilities and equipment are commonly cited barriers to regular resistance training. Here, we review some of the mechanisms and physiological changes in response to lower load resistance training. We also consider the evidence for applying lower loads for those at risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and those with reduced mobility. Finally, we provide practical recommendations, specifically that to maximize the benefits of lower load resistance training, high levels of effort and training in close proximity to concentric failure are required. Additionally, using lower loads 2–3 times per week with 3–4 sets per exercise, and loads no lower than 30% of 1RM can enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations. Consequently, implementing lower load resistance training can be a beneficial and viable resistance training method for a wide range of fitness- and health-related goals.
Are biters sick? Health status of tail biters in comparison to control pigs
Authors: Czycholl I. , Büttner K. , Becker D. , Schwennen C. , Baumgärtner W. , Otten W. , Wendt M. , Puff C. , Krieter J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Tail biting is a multifactorial problem. As the health status is one of the factors commonly linked to tail biting, this study focuses on the health of identified biters. 30 (obsessive) biters are compared to 30 control animals by clinical and pathological examination as well as blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples. In that way, altogether 174 variables are compared between the groups. Moreover, connections between the variables are analysed.

Results
In the clinical examination, 6 biters, but only 2 controls (P = 0.019) were noticeably agitated in the evaluation of general behaviour, while 8 controls were noticeably calmer (2 biters, P = 0.02). Biters had a lower body weight (P = 0.0007) and 13 biters had overlong bristles (4 controls, P = 0.008). In the pathological examination, 5 biters, but none of the controls had a hyperceratosis or inflammation of the pars proventricularis of the stomach (P = 0.018). However, 7 controls and only 3 biters were affected by gut inflammation (P = 0.03). In the blood sample, protein and albumin levels were below normal range for biters (protein: 51.6 g/l, albumin: 25.4 g/l), but not for controls (protein: 53.7 g/l, albumin: 27.4 g/l), (protein: P = 0.05, albumin: P = 0.02). Moreover, 14 biters, but only 8 controls had poikilocytosis (P = 0.05). Although not statistically different between groups, many animals (36/60) were affected by hypoproteinemia and hyponatremia as well as by hypokalemia (53/60) and almost all animals (58/60) had hypomagnesemia. For hypomagnesemia, significant connections with variables linked to tail damage and ear necrosis were detected (rs/V/ρ ≥ 0.4, P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
The results suggest that behavioural tests might be helpful in identifying biters. Moreover, cornification and inflammation of the pars proventricularis is linked to becoming a biter. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for appropriate and adjusted nutrient and mineral supply, especially with regard to magnesium.
Photoreceptor genes in a trechine beetle, Trechiama kuznetsovi, living in the upper hypogean zone
Authors: Niida Takuma , Terashima Yuto , Aonuma Hitoshi , Koshikawa Shigeyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo address how organisms adapt to a new environment, subterranean organisms whose ancestors colonized subterranean habitats from surface habitats have been studied. Photoreception abilities have been shown to have degenerated in organisms living in caves and calcrete aquifers. Meanwhile, the organisms living in a shallow subterranean environment, which are inferred to reflect an intermediate stage in an evolutionary pathway to colonization of a deeper subterranean environment, have not been studied well. In the present study, we examined the photoreception ability in a trechine beetle, Trechiama kuznetsovi, which inhabits the upper hypogean zone and has a vestigial compound eye. By de novo assembly of genome and transcript sequences, we were able to identify photoreceptor genes and phototransduction genes. Specifically, we focused on opsin genes, where one long wavelength opsin gene and one ultraviolet opsin gene were identified. The encoded amino acid sequences had neither a premature stop codon nor a frameshift mutation, and appeared to be subject to purifying selection. Subsequently, we examined the internal structure of the compound eye and nerve tissue in the adult head, and found potential photoreceptor cells in the compound eye and nerve bundle connected to the brain. The present findings suggest that T. kuznetsovi has retained the ability of photoreception. This species represents a transitional stage of vision, in which the compound eye regresses, but it may retain the ability of photoreception using the vestigial eye.
Role of magnetic resonance neurography in assessment of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy: correlation with electrophysiological studies
Authors: Yousry Sarah , Elserafy Ahmed Fathi , El nisr Magdy Mostafa , Abd El-Razek Reda , Habba Mohamed Refaat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Lumbosacral plexus is a collection of nerves that converge and diverge and finally merge into terminal nerves that innervate the pelvis and lower limbs. Lumbosacral plexopathy is a clinical disease characterized by motor and sensory abnormalities that can result from damage to the lumbosacral plexus by different types of insults. Electrophysiological studies are used to demonstrate the presence of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy, but it is restricted owing to deep position of nerves and regional differences in muscle nerve supply. High-resolution MR neurography can simply show the precise site, size, etiology, and type of the lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the various diseases affecting the lumbosacral plexus with their 1.5-T MR neurography imaging findings and to correlate these findings with electrophysiological studies.

Results
Fifty adult patients with clinical presentation of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of electrophysiological studies in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 80% and the sensitivity of MR neurography in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 90%. While based on electrophysiological studies, the sensitivity of MR neurography in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 97.5% and the specificity was 75.86%. There was a high statistically significant relation between the side affected in electrophysiological studies and the side affected in MR neurography and between the stage of the lesion in the electrophysiological studies and in MR neurography among patients (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.001) , respectively.

Conclusions
MR neurography of the lumbosacral plexus is a helpful non-invasive approach for the assessment of patients with inconclusive lumbar spine MR imaging because of its ability for diagnosis of neuromuscular lesions and determining their causes. Electrophysiological studies assess the nerve function and MR neurography assesses the nerve anatomy, and therefore, the correlation between electrophysiological studies and MR neurography are complementary for detection of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy.
Trade-off between reproduction and mobility prolongs organisms' survival in rock-paper-scissors models
Authors: Menezes J. , Rangel E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the spatial rock-paper-scissors model, where resource competitors' cyclic dominance impacts organisms' energy levels. Our model assumes that failed selection interactions can lead to energy loss, reducing the chances of success in the spatial game and hastening decline. To prevent death by energy insufficiency, organisms of one out of the species strategically perform a trade-off between reproduction and mobility. When prioritising exploring more extensive areas, organisms aim to maximise the chances of acquiring resources to regain high energy levels. Through simulation, we examine the effect of survival behaviour on species segregation and spatial patterns. Our outcomes show that the trade-off between offspring generation and accelerated movement effectively protects individuals from death due to lack of energy. Moreover, the risk of being eliminated by an enemy in the cyclic game reduces due to the behavioural strategy. Considering a three-state model, we quantify how the trade-off parameter controls the organisms' energy recovery. Computing the expected survival time, we find that although individuals performing the trade-off strategy may live longer, the organisms of other species are negatively affected by a life expectancy reduction. Our research may elucidate the role of adaptive survival strategies in species persistence and provide valuable insights for ecologists.
“I Am a Wanderer”: Paek Sinae (1908–1939) and Writing Travel
Authors: Lee Ji-Eun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPaek Sinae (1908–39) was a modern woman writer whose career was cut short by an early death. She lived in the era of New Women, but unlike most of her peer woman writers, Paek had little formal education or connections to the literary establishment (mundan). This background, combined with her modest output of fictional works, resulted in Paek Sinae being seen by critics during her lifetime and scholars long after her death as a provincial writer, thus affording her only limited recognition. This article challenges such dismissals and seeks an approach that would allow a more comprehensive appreciation of Paek Sinae and woman writers more broadly. First, the article looks closely at Paek's life based in her hometown away from the social center of Kyŏngsŏng (present-day Seoul) and considers how geographical and linguistic aspects of Paek's locale were misunderstood by critics. Next, with a focus on Paek's travels and her travelogues, cosmofeminism and global-local connections are examined as a key to understanding the complexities of being a modern woman writer in Paek's day. At the same time, by putting a spotlight on the “lesser” literary genre of the travelogue, this article also gestures toward a more inclusive approach to research on woman writers whose aesthetic or literary qualities were often judged only by their works of fiction (sosŏl) or poetry, while other important works like autobiographical or sociopolitical essays tended to be overlooked. Paek Sinae's life and work add breadth to the already complex definition of New Women and early feminism, and through her example, this article urges a more comprehensive consideration of works by Korean women writers in the early twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Chao Sophie , Celermajer Danielle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue “Multispecies Justice” traces various histories and genealogies of multispecies justice, illuminating the critical contributions of Indigenous philosophies and lifeways and more recent justice movements and intellectual developments in the West. It emphasizes how these intellectual traditions are rooted in social and political movements spurred by the relentless violence against the more-than-human and the inadequacy of existing conceptualizations or institutions of justice. The introduction explains the issue's engagement with the relationship between epistemological cultures and cultural ontologies on the one hand, and political institutions on the other, with a particular focus on different “species” of beings (human, nonhuman animal, plant, and so on). It also sets out the methodological and representational challenges involved in conceptualizing and achieving multispecies justice. The introduction introduces the articles to follow by thematizing them around four key topics: the relationship between agency and representation; situated knowledges and knowledge production; colonialism and capitalism; and the law and institutions understood as formal rule-systems and informal rules and norms. By engaging these themes, the special issue seeks to imagine how political institutions might be formed and transformed in ways that are responsive to cultural ontologies that disrupt existing grids of meaning and distributions of value.
Creation of a Tetranuclear MnIII2MnII2 Metalloring Structure Supported by a Penicillamine-Derived Schiff-Base Ligand
Authors: Kuwamura Naoto , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The reaction of a Schiff-base ligand derived from 5-chloro-salicylaldehyde and d-penicillamine with MnIII ions in the presence of nBu3N produced a disulfide-bridged tetranuclear MnIII2MnII2 metalloring structure through thiolate oxidation. The corresponding treatment using Et3N instead of nBu3N gave a giant 13-nuclear MnIII6MnII7 structure.
Interactive e-learning course versus virtual traditional teaching on fetal motility, a cohort comparison of medical students
Authors: Tjon J.K. , Ledebt A. , Linskens I.H. , van der Knoop B.J. , Jarodzka H. , de Vries J.I.P. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Ultrasound examination is an important application in obstetrics. Fetal motor assessment can help to discriminate severe diseases, such as those underlying abnormal fetal joint position. However, standardized training is lacking. It was investigated whether virtual traditional teaching (TT) initiated by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic gave equal outcome, compared to the prior blended teaching (BT) course on fetal motility. Methods: In total 96 medical students were included, 51 underwent BT versus 45 TT. BT underwent live supervised interactive e-learning and TT plenary virtual lecture. Both groups made the same individual assignments. The first assignment evaluated course knowledge in four video fragments on single specific movement patterns (SMPs), the second assignment consisted of three fragments with various SMPs, students were asked to score differentiation and qualitative performance. Results: BT and TT showed equally high correct answers on four individual SMPs. The second assignment revealed that BT and TT scored similarly in differentiation of SMPs. Two fetuses with normal motility were equally well scored in half of the items, BT scored speed and amplitude better, TT scored better in speed (other fetus) and overall conclusion. The one fetus with abnormal movements was scored by BT and TT similarly, 75% of both groups scored the fetus as moving suspect or abnormal. Conclusions: Evaluation of medical students’ motor assessment skills after BT and TT revealed a nearly equally high yield of the courses in distinguishing SMPs and similar judgement of aspects and overall qualitative performance.
The development, implementation, and evaluation of an optimal model for the case detection, referral, and case management of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Godwin-Akpan Tiawanlyn G. , Chowdhury Shahreen , Rogers Emerson J. , Kollie Karsor K. , Zaizay Fasseneh Zeela , Wickenden Anna , Zawolo Georgina V. K. , Parker Colleen B. M. C. , Dean Laura 
Published: May 2023

Background
People affected by Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), specifically leprosy, Buruli ulcer (BU), yaws, and lymphatic filariasis, experience significant delays in accessing health services, often leading to catastrophic physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences. Global health actors have recognized that Sustainable Development Goal 3:3 is only achievable through an integrated inter and intra-sectoral response. This study evaluated existing case detection and referral approaches in Liberia, utilizing the findings to develop and test an Optimal Model for integrated community-based case detection, referral, and confirmation. We evaluate the efficacy of implementing the Optimal Model in improving the early diagnosis of NTDs, thus minimizing access delays and reducing disease burden.

Methods
We used a participatory action research approach to develop, implement, and evaluate an Optimal Model for the case detection, referral, and management of case management NTDs in Liberia. We utilized qualitative and quantitative methods throughout the cycle and implemented the model for 12 months.

Results
During the implementation of our optimal model, the annual number of cases detected increased compared to the previous year. Cases were detected at an earlier stage of disease progression, however; gendered dynamics in communities shape the case identification process for some individuals. Qualitative data showed increased knowledge of the transmission, signs, symptoms, and management options among community health workers (CHW).

Conclusion
The results provide evidence of the benefits of an integrated approach and the programmatic challenges to improve access to health services for persons affected by NTDs. The effectiveness of an integrated approach depends on a high level of collaboration, joint planning, and implementation embedded within existing health systems infrastructure.
Male involvement in female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Ifeoma Peace , Kukoyi Folayemi Oyinkansola , Kanma-Okafor Oluchi Joan , Izuka Michael Orji 
Published: May 2023

Background
Breast and cervical cancers are in the top 10 most common cancers in women globally and the most common cancers in Nigerian women. The incidences have been rising steadily over the years. Involvement of men as key players in reproductive health issues has been receiving global attention especially in low and middle-income countries.

Aim
To assess male involvement in their female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers in Southwest, Nigeria.

Method
This was a community-based, cross-sectional study that employed a multi-stage sampling method to select 254 men who were married or in steady relationships in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Data were collected from June to October 2018 using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and summarized with mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used for bivariate statistics, and the p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression was used for predictor variables of male involvement in screening.

Results
29.5% of the respondents had good knowledge of breast and cervical cancers and screening and majority (85.5%) had a positive attitude towards screening. Only few, 19.3% and 15.7% had provided money for breast and cervical cancer screening respectively. Most men, 75% and 87.4% respectively had not accompanied their wife/female partner for breast and cervical cancer screening, while almost half (49.2%) and one-third (33.5%) respectively, had encouraged their female partners to screen for breast and cervical cancers. Overall, only about half, 138 (54.3%) of the men were considered ‘involved’ in their female partners’ screening for breast and cervical cancers. Male involvement was significantly associated with screening for female cancers (χ2 = 77.62, p = 0.001). Older age group (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9), higher educational attainment (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.14–10.73), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI:1.16–5.33) were found to be the predictors of male involvement.

Conclusion
Community-based programs for males, especially the younger and less educated, should be implemented to increase their involvement. It is also suggested that mass media messages be spread and online platforms be explored in order to increase men’s awareness and participation in female cancer screening.