bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis and Minimum Flowable Temperature Calculation Method of Normal Temperature Gathering and Transportation Process in Oilfield
Authors: He Guoxi , Zhao Jianhua , Liao Kexi , Tian Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The oilfield is unable to carry out normal temperature gathering and transportation (NTGT) process, since the feasibility has not been verified and the minimum flowable temperature (MFT) calculations have not been proposed. In this paper, the simulation of parameters such as temperature and pressure of the pipeline network are performed based on the production data of the oilfield during the period of unheated gathering. It is verified that the temperature and pressure errors of the simulation results are less than 0.79 °C and 0.1 MPa, respectively. It is found that the gathering network of this oilfield can operate normally in winter, which proves the feasibility of NTGT theoretically. Through calculating the flow parameters of the gathering network under extreme cold conditions in winter, a novel formula for calculating the MFT of oil-gas-water three-phase mixed transmission process is proposed, where the shearing effect of gas on fluid has been extra considered. The fitting effect of MFT formula on a single well is better than that on multiple wells. The application of the fitted MFT formula in situ as well as the corresponding preliminary oilfield tests has proved the feasibility of the NTGT process. Thus, the oilfield gathering network is successfully guided to change from a heated gathering process to a NTGT process.
Detection and Mitigation of Copper Contamination in Mechanized Onshore Pipeline Girth Welds
Authors: Lee Kenneth , Spielbauer Paul , Culbertson David , Huntley Bob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Copper contamination in pipeline girth welds was experienced in the construction of onshore high strength steel transmission pipelines with mechanized welding using gas metal arc welding short-circuit transfer (GMAW-S) on root pass welds with copper backing, gas metal arc welding pulsed spray transfer (GMAW-P) on fill and cap pass welds, and flux cored gas-shielded arc welding (FCAW-G) on fill and cap pass welds. Copper contamination may result in copper contamination cracking, which is a type of liquid metal embrittlement (LME), or copper inclusions which have elevated hardness.
Traditionally, pipeline girth welds were made using manual shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), which is generally not susceptible to copper contamination, as copper is not present in the weld zone. However, mechanized welding requires the use of copper materials in the weld zone, including the contact tip, gas nozzle, and backing bar when using the copper backup clamp (CBU) system.
Copper contamination cracking in mechanized girth welds occurs in specific weld passes and weld locations, with distinct characteristics detectable by common nondestructive examination (NDE) methods, including visual testing (VT), radiographic testing (RT), and ultrasonic testing (UT). Copper contamination cracking of production welds may be effectively controlled when it is recognized and appropriate actions are taken to optimize mechanized welding procedure qualification, welding operator training and production controls, and tailor NDE methods and personnel training to improve detection.
Internal Corrosion Considerations for Hydrogen Embrittlement Inhibitors
Authors: Kotu Susmitha Purnima , Kagarise Christopher , Taylor Christopher D. , Finneran Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Converting natural gas pipelines to transport pure hydrogen or blends with natural is currently being implemented as part of the energy transition strategy to achieve net zero emissions. Addition of hydrogen to existing natural gas pipelines increases the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and poses potential integrity issues such as cracking to the pipelines. Prior work has demonstrated that the use of inhibitors such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, and others can inhibit a material’s adsorption of atomic hydrogen and have been proposed to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. While these inhibitors may potentially reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, there may be unintended consequences if the impact of these inhibitors on internal corrosion is not carefully evaluated. For example, the use of oxygen in the inhibitors can increase the potential for oxygen corrosion. This paper covers the methodology to evaluate the impact of internal corrosion on pipelines for any inhibitors used to prevent hydrogen embrittlement before they are applied. The recommendations for internal corrosion control when using oxygen-based inhibitors are discussed. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the proposed inhibitors for hydrogen embrittlement along with a discussion on their mode of action to prevent or mitigate hydrogen embrittlement is presented.
Using the IMEDS distributed database for epidemiological studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Ting-Ying , Rodriguez-Watson Carla , Wang Tongtong , Calhoun Shawna R , Marshall James , Burk Jillian , Nam Young Hee , Mendelsohn Aaron B , Jamal-Allial Aziza , Greenlee Robert T , Selvan Mano , Pawloski Pamala A , McMahill Walraven Cheryl N , Rai Ashish , Toh Sengwee , Brown Jeffery S 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess data relevancy and data quality of the Innovation in Medical Evidence Development and Surveillance System Distributed Database (IMEDS-DD) for diabetes research and to evaluate comparability of its type 2 diabetes cohort to the general type 2 diabetes population.Research design and methodsA retrospective study was conducted using the IMEDS-DD. Eligible members were adults with a medical encounter between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019 (index period). Type 2 diabetes and co-existing conditions were determined using all data available from April 1, 2016 to the most recent encounter within the index period. Type 2 diabetes patient characteristics, comorbidities and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) values were summarized and compared with those reported in national benchmarks and literature.ResultsType 2 diabetes prevalence was 12.6% in the IMEDS-DD. Of 4 14 672 patients with type 2 diabetes, 52.8% were male, and the mean age was 65.0 (SD 13.3) years. Common comorbidities included hypertension (84.5%), hyperlipidemia (82.8%), obesity (45.3%), and cardiovascular disease (44.7%). Moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease was observed in 20.2% patients. The most commonly used antihyperglycemic agents included metformin (35.7%), sulfonylureas (14.8%), and insulin (9.9%). Less than one-half (48.9%) had an HbA1cvalue recorded. These findings demonstrated the notable similarity in patient characteristics between type 2 diabetes populations identified within the IMEDS-DD and other large databases.ConclusionsDespite the limitations related to HbA1cdata, our findings indicate that the IMEDS-DD contains robust information on key data elements to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies in diabetes, including member demographic and clinical characteristics and health services utilization.
Long-term outcomes and clinical safety of expanded indication early gastric cancer treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection versus surgical resection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xing , Zheng Guoliang , Gao Na , Zheng Zhichao 
Published: December 2022

Background and aimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains an investigational issue for early gastric cancer (EGC) with expanded indications owing to the risk of lymph node metastasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of ESD versus surgical resection (SR) for EGC with expanded indications.MethodsThe systematic review selected studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2020, and compared survival and clinical safety data of ESD with those of surgical resection for EGC with expanded indications. The fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate the differences between the two groups. To assess the validity of the eligible studies, risk of bias was measured using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.ResultsNine retrospective studies were used to calculate the differences in survival and clinical safety data between the two groups for EGC with expanded indications. Differences were not significant between the groups in terms of age, sex, tumour size, tumour histology or lesion morphology. Regarding tumour site, tumours located in the L area (the lower third of the stomach) were more likely to be found in the ESD group. With regard to metachronous and synchronous carcinomas, there was a significant difference favouring SR treatment (metachronous: OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.25, p<0.00001; synchronous: OR=0.11, 95% CI=0.02 to 0.46, p=0.003). Adverse event data were identified in six studies showing a significant difference favouring ESD treatment (ESD vs SR, OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.34 to 0.72. p=0.002). Additionally, six studies evaluating 5-year overall survival showed no significant differences between the two groups (HR=1.22, 95% CI=0.66 to 2.25, p=0.53). With regard to 5-year disease-free survival, patients with expanded indication EGC undergoing SR showed better survival (ESD vs SR, HR=3.29, 95% CI=1.60 to 6.76, p=0.001).ConclusionESD provided favourable results for patients with EGC with expanded indications regarding clinical outcomes and safety in retrospective studies. Further, to detect synchronous or metachronous lesions, endoscopic surveillance should be performed following ESD. However, the included studies were observational, some did not have adequate adjustment for confounding factors and their results lacked generalisability due to their origin. Thus, further related randomised controlled trials are urgently encouraged.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021251068.
Real-world effectiveness of casirivimab and imdevimab among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting: a retrospective cohort study using a large claims database
Authors: Hussein Mohamed , Wei Wenhui , Mastey Vera , Sanchez Robert J , Wang Degang , Murdock Dana J , Hirshberg Boaz , Weinreich David M , Jalbert Jessica J 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the real-world effectiveness of casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS+IMD) versus no COVID-19 antibody treatment among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting, including patients diagnosed during the Delta-dominant period prior to Omicron emergence.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKomodo Health closed claims database.Participants13 273 128 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (December 2020 through September 2021) were treated with CAS+IMD or untreated but treatment eligible under the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Each treated patient was exact and propensity score matched without replacement to up to five untreated EUA-eligible patients.InterventionsCAS+IMD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresComposite endpoint of 30-day all-cause mortality or COVID-19-related hospitalisation. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to calculate outcome risks overall and across subgroups: age, COVID-19 vaccination status, immunocompromised status, and timing of diagnosis (December 2020 to June 2021, and July to September 2021). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% CIs.ResultsAmong 75 159 CAS+IMD-treated and 1 670 338 EUA-eligible untreated patients, 73 759 treated patients were matched to 310 688 untreated patients; matched patients were ~50 years, ~60% were women and generally well balanced across risk factors. The 30-day risk of the composite outcome was 2.1% and 5.2% in the CAS+IMD-treated and CAS+IMD-untreated patients, respectively; equivalent to a 60% lower risk (aHR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.42). The effect of CAS+IMD was consistent across subgroups, including those who received a COVID-19 vaccine (aHR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.56), and those diagnosed during the Delta-dominant period (aHR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.42).ConclusionsThe real-world effectiveness of CAS+IMD is consistent with the efficacy for reducing all-cause mortality or COVID-19-related hospitalisation reported in clinical trials. Effectiveness is maintained across patient subgroups, including those prone to breakthrough infections, and was effective against susceptible variants including Delta.
Artificial Neural Networks for Real-Time Data Quality Assurance
Authors: Sousa Inês Sousa , Casimiro António , Cecílio José 
Published: December 2022

Wireless Sensor Networks used in aquatic environments for continuous monitoring are typically subject to physical or environmental factors that create anomalies in collected data. A possible approach to identify and correct these anomalies, hence to improve the quality of data, is to use artificial neural networks, as done by the previously proposed ANNODE (Artificial Neural Network-based Outlier Detection) framework [1].
In this paper we propose ANNODE+, which extends the ANNODE framework by detecting missing data in addition to outliers. We also describe the design and implementation of ANNODE+, implemented in Python to exploit readily available machine learning (ML) tools and libraries, also allowing online processing of incoming measurements. To evaluate the ANNODE+ capabilities, we used a dataset from a sensor deployment in Seixal's bay, Portugal. This dataset includes measurements of water level, temperature and salinity. We observed that our implementation of ANNODE+ performed as intended, being able to detect injected anomalies and successfully correcting them.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treatment Response Evaluation by Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA and Matched White Blood Cells
Authors: van 't Erve Iris , Medina Jamie E. , Leal Alessandro , Papp Eniko , Phallen Jillian , Adleff Vilmos , Chiao Elaine Jiayuee , Arun Adith S. , Bolhuis Karen , Simmons John K. , Karandikar Aanavi , Valkenburg Kenneth C. , Sausen Mark , Angiuoli Samuel V. , Scharpf Robert B. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Velculescu Victor E. , Fijneman Remond J.A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose:Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has the potential to guide therapy selection and monitor treatment response in patients with metastatic cancer. However, germline and clonal hematopoiesis–associated alterations can confound identification of tumor-specific mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA), often requiring additional sequencing of tumor tissue. The current study assessed whether ctDNA-based treatment response monitoring could be performed in a tumor tissue–independent manner by combining ultra-deep targeted sequencing analyses of cfDNA with patient-matched white blood cell (WBC)-derived DNA.Experimental Design:In total, 183 cfDNA and 49 WBC samples, along with 28 tissue samples, from 52 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer participating in the prospective phase III CAIRO5 clinical trial were analyzed using an ultra-deep targeted sequencing liquid biopsy assay.Results:The combined cfDNA and WBC analysis prevented false-positives due to germline or hematopoietic variants in 40% of patients. Patient-matched tumor tissue sequencing did not provide additional information. Longitudinal analyses of ctDNA were more predictive of overall survival than standard-of-care radiological response evaluation. ctDNA mutations related to primary or acquired resistance to panitumumab were identified in 42% of patients.Conclusions:Accurate calling of ctDNA mutations for treatment response monitoring is feasible in a tumor tissue–independent manner by combined cfDNA and patient-matched WBC genomic DNA analysis. This tissue biopsy-independent approach simplifies sample logistics and facilitates the application of liquid biopsy ctDNA testing for evaluation of emerging therapy resistance, opening new avenues for early adaptation of treatment regimens.
Interferon Biology and LAG-3 Shedding in PD-(L)1 plus LAG-3 Immunotherapy
Authors: Karapetyan Lilit , Luke Jason J. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryTargeting coinhibitory receptors on dysfunctional T cells may improve response to anti–PD-(L)1 in the IFNγ associated T-cell–inflamed tumor microenvironment. The bispecific lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and PD-L1 blocking antibody FS118, potentially through LAG-3 shedding, represents a promising strategy to improve immune checkpoint blockade. Soluble LAG-3 is an intriguing biomarker for LAG-3 drug activity.See related article by Yap et al., p. 888
BRAF-Driven Pancreatic Cancer: Prevalence, Molecular Features, and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Ciner Aaron Tzvi , Jiang Yixing , Hausner Petr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBRAF-altered pancreatic cancer is an important molecular subgroup that activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and promotes tumorigenesis. This manuscript reviews the prevalence and molecular features of BRAF-driven pancreatic cancer and also explores the published data about targeted approaches for this subgroup. A review of the existing literature was undertaken through the PubMed database using the search terms BRAF mutation, BRAF fusion, BRAF deletion, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and pancreatic cancer. Pathogenic BRAF variants are enriched in KRAS wild-type (WT) tumors and drive tumorigenesis in in vitro and experimental animal models. The majority of clinical cases are comprised of V600E mutations, N486-P490 deletions and fusions. Anecdotal evidence is building that KRAS-WT, BRAF-driven pancreatic cancers are sensitive either to BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, or combination strategies. Precision medicine has transformed the treatment landscape for several cancers. With increasing knowledge about molecular drivers in pancreatic cancer, it is critical to characterize each distinct subgroup and evaluate targeted approaches to improve clinical outcomes.
Predictors of Adverse Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Caused by Plaque Erosion With a Nonstent Strategy
Authors: Yin Yanwei , Lei Fangmeng , Fang Chao , Jiang Senqing , Xu Xueming , Sun Sibo , Pei Xueying , Jia Ruyi , Tang Caiying , Peng Cong , Li Song , Li Lulu , Wang Yini , Yu Huai , Dai Jiannan , Yu Bo 
Published: December 2022

Background
The EROSION (Effective Anti‐Thrombotic Therapy Without Stenting: Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography‐Based Management in Plaque Erosion) study demonstrated that antithrombotic therapy without stenting was safe and feasible in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion. However, the factors related to the prognosis of these patients are not clear. This study aimed to explore the predictors of an adverse prognosis of a nonstent strategy in a larger sample size.

Methods and Results

A total of 252 (55 patients were from the EROSION study) patients with acute coronary syndrome with plaque erosion who met the inclusion criteria of the EROSION study and completed clinical follow‐up were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as the composite of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization, rehospitalization because of unstable or progressive angina, major bleeding, and stroke. Among 232 patients with acute coronary syndrome included in the final analysis, 50 patients (21.6%) developed MACE at a median follow‐up of 2.9 years. Compared with patients without MACE, patients with MACE were older and had a higher degree of percentage of area stenosis (72.2%±9.4% versus 64.2%±15.7%,
P
<0.001) and thrombus burden (24.4%±10.4% versus 20.4%±10.9%,
P
=0.010) at baseline. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that age, percentage of area stenosis, and thrombus burden were predictors of MACE. The best cutoff values of predictors were age ≥60 years, percentage of area stenosis ≥63.5%, and thrombus burden ≥18.5%, respectively, and when they were all present, the rate of MACE rose to 57.7%.

Conclusions
The nonstent treatment strategy of patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion was heterogeneous, and patients aged ≥60 years, percentage of area stenosis ≥63.5%, and thrombus burden ≥18.5% may predict a worse clinical outcome.
Endovascular Treatment for Minor Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Xue Rui , Zhong Wansi , Zhou Ying , He Yaode , Yan Shenqiang , Chen Zhicai , Wang Jianan , Gong Xiaoxian , Lou Min 
Published: December 2022

Background
It remains uncertain whether patients with minor acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT). We aim to evaluate the outcomes of EVT in minor acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

Methods and Results

Based on a nationwide prospective stroke registry, patients with minor acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 24 hours of onset were divided into groups receiving standard medical treatment plus EVT or standard medical treatment alone. Primary outcome was excellent functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1 at 90 days. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of EVT guided by perfusion imaging. A total of 572 patients with median age 68 years (interquartile range=60–77) and median National Institutes of Health Stroke score 3 (interquartile range =2–4) were identified and 123 patients were treated with standard medical treatment plus EVT. EVT was not associated with excellent functional outcome (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.771 [95% CI, 0.516–1.151]; adjusted OR, 0.793 [95% CI, 0.515–1.219];
P
=0.290). However, therapy selection guided by perfusion imaging was a modifier of EVT effect on outcomes, as EVT was significantly associated with excellent functional outcome (60.0% versus 50.8%, unadjusted OR, 1.451 [95% CI, 0.643–3.272]; adjusted OR, 2.849 [95% CI, 1.006–8.067];
P
=0.049) but not with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the imaging‐guided group.

Conclusions
Although functional outcomes in minor acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion were not improved from the routine use of EVT, our results suggested that EVT guided by perfusion imaging could be beneficial for those patients.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT 04487340.
Match Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Training: 2010 to 2021
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Brgdar Ahmed , DeLisser Horace M. 
Published: December 2022

Background
This study elucidates recent trends in application and match rates in the Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Match. We hypothesized that (1) match rates have increased with time; (2) match rates are highest for US allopathic graduates; and (3) most candidates match at 1 of their top 3 ranked fellowship choices.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of all applicants in the Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Match from 2010 to 2021 (n=14 674). Chi‐square tests were used to compare trends over time and match rates by applicant archetype (US allopathic graduates and non‐US allopathic graduates). The annual number of applicants increased from 1184 to 1575 (33% increase) while training positions increased 718 to 1045 (46% increase) over the study period. The percentage of applicants that matched increased from 61% in 2010 to 66% in 2021 (
P
=0.090). The average match rate was 70% over the study period. During each year, US allopathic graduates had higher match rates than non‐US allopathic graduates (
P
<0.001), but this disparity narrowed with time (83% versus 41% in 2010 and 83% versus 54% in 2021). Most applicants matched at 1 of their top 3 choices (first, 37%; second, 12%; third, 7%). Applicants matching at 1 of their top 3 choices decreased from 51% in 2010 to 48% in 2021 (
P
=0.704).

Conclusions
The Cardiovascular Disease Fellowship Match has remained equally competitive over the past decade. US allopathic graduates have an advantage over non‐US allopathic graduates. Most applicants match at 1 of their top 3 ranked fellowship choices.