bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Field‐Effect Transistor Technology via Heterogeneous Integration of SiGe with Crystalline Al Contacts
Authors: Fuchsberger Andreas , Wind Lukas , Sistani Masiar , Behrle Raphael , Nazzari Daniele , Aberl Johannes , Prado Navarrete Enrique , Vukŭsić Lada , Brehm Moritz , Schweizer Peter , Vogl Lilian , Maeder Xavier , Weber Walter M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReconfigurable field‐effect transistors, capable of being dynamically programmed during run‐time, overcome the static nature of conventional complementary metal‐oxide semiconductors by reducing the transistor count and the circuit path delay. Thereby, SiGe and Ge are predicted to boost drive currents, switching speed and to reduce power consumption. Nevertheless, Ge‐based reconfigurable field‐effect transistor prototypes have so far fallen short in reaching both the promised performance due to interface instability to their contacts and gate oxides, as well as in reaching the current–voltage symmetry necessary for circuit applicability. Here, a top‐down fabricated SiGe‐based reconfigurable transistor technology is reported that is comprised of a vertical Si‐Si0.67Ge0.33 heterostructure enabling the envisioned high and symmetric on‐currents of both n‐ and p‐type operation. Monolithic integration with single‐elementary crystalline Al contacts alleviates process variability compared to conventional Ni‐silicide/Ni‐germanide contacts and introduces an ultra‐thin Si interlayer providing stability and equal injection efficiency of holes and electrons. The implementation of a three top‐gate transistor in combination with a hysteresis‐free Si/SiO2/HfO2 gate stack enhances polarity control and leakage current suppression to limit static power dissipation. Importantly, the obtained Al‐Si‐SiGe multi‐heterojunction and advanced reconfigurable transistor design is the first Ge‐based technology showing the envisioned stability and performance enhancements.
Quantitative Decoupling of Oxygen‐Redox and Manganese‐Redox Voltage Hysteresis in a Cation‐Disordered Rock Salt Cathode
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Yang , Cai Zijian , Crafton Matthew J. , Kaufman Lori A. , Konz Zachary M. , Bergstrom Helen K. , Kedzie Elyse A. , Hao Han‐Ming , Ceder Gerbrand , McCloskey Bryan D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPronounced voltage hysteresis in Li‐excess cathode materials is commonly thought to be associated with oxygen redox. However, these materials often possess overlapping oxygen and transition‐metal redox, whose contributions to hysteresis between charge and discharge are challenging to distinguish. In this work, a two‐step aqueous redox titration is developed with the aid of mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify oxidized lattice oxygen and Mn3+ /4+ redox in a representative Li‐excess cation‐disordered rock salt—Li1.2Mn0.4Ti0.4O2 (LMTO). Two MS‐countable gas molecules evolve from two separate titrant‐analyte reactions, thereby allowing Mn and O redox capacities to be decoupled. The decoupled O and Mn redox coulombic efficiencies are close to 100% for the LMTO cathode, indicating high charge‐compensation reversibility. As incremental Mn and O redox capacities are quantitatively decoupled, each redox voltage hysteresis is further evaluated. Overall, LMTO voltage hysteresis arises not only from an intrinsic charge‐discharge voltage mismatch related to O redox, but also from asymmetric Mn‐redox overvoltages. The results reveal that O and Mn redox both contribute substantially to voltage hysteresis. This work further shows the potential of designing new analytical workflows to experimentally quantify key properties, even in a disordered material having complex local coordination environments.
Perception, regulation, and fitness effects of pollen phytosterols in the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris
Authors: Nebauer Carmen A. , Schleifer Marielle C. , Ruedenauer Fabian A. , Leonhardt Sara D. , Spaethe Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPremiseMany flowering plants depend on insects for pollination and thus attract pollinators by offering rewards, mostly nectar and pollen. Bee pollinators rely on pollen as their main nutrient source. Pollen provides all essential micro‐ and macronutrients including substances that cannot be synthesized by bees themselves, such as sterols, which bees need for processes such as hormone production. Variations in sterol concentrations may consequently affect bee health and reproductive fitness. We therefore hypothesized that (1) these variations in pollen sterols affect longevity and reproduction in bumble bees and (2) can thus be perceived via the bees' antennae before consumption.MethodsWe studied the effect of sterols on longevity and reproduction of Bombus terrestris workers in feeding experiments and investigated sterol perception using chemotactile proboscis extension response (PER) conditioning.ResultsWorkers could perceive several sterols (cholesterol, cholestenone, desmosterol, stigmasterol, β‐sitosterol) via their antennae but not differentiate between them. However, when sterols were presented in pollen, and not as a single compound, the bees were unable to differentiate between pollen differing in sterol content. Additionally, different sterol concentrations in pollen neither affected pollen consumption nor brood development or worker longevity.ConclusionsSince we used both natural concentrations and concentrations higher than those found in pollen, our results indicate that bumble bees may not need to pay specific attention to pollen sterol content beyond a specific threshold. Naturally encountered concentrations might fully support their sterol requirements and higher concentrations do not seem to have negative effects.
Development differs between independently evolved staminode whorls in the same flower
Authors: Schenk John J. , Appleton Andrea D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPremiseStaminodes are commonly studied in hermaphroditic flowers, in which a fraction of the androecium evolves into infertile structures, but few studies have addressed the evolution of staminodes as they occur through the loss of stamen function in carpellate flowers. Plants of Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) are monoecious with hermaphroditic flowers with one staminodial whorl, except for the dioecious P. chartacea and P. minima. Dioecious species have carpellate flowers that evolved an additional whorl of staminodes, providing an exceptional opportunity to study a second origin of staminodes in the same flower.MethodsUsing scanning electron microscopy, we observed the development of carpellate and staminate flowers to determine whether the developmental pathway of the staminodes in hermaphroditic flowers was co‐opted during the evolutionary transition to unisexual flowers.ResultsIn carpellate flowers, antesepalous staminodes initiate as sterile anthers that develop similar to functioning stamens, but arrest before full development, leaving a rudimentary anther with lateral lobes that correspond to thecae. After antesepalous staminodes arrest, alternisepalous staminodes initiate as structures that correspond with filaments, as they do in staminate and hermaphroditic flowers.ConclusionsThe second origin of staminodes in carpellate flowers evolved using a different developmental pathway than what had previously evolved in the alternisepalous whorl. The two androecial whorls in the same flowers are serialogous as members of the androecium, but are paralogous as staminodes on the basis of structural and developmental differences.
The Alzheimer's disease risk factor INPP5D restricts neuroprotective microglial responses in amyloid beta‐mediated pathology
Authors: Samuels Joshua D. , Moore Katelyn A. , Ennerfelt Hannah E. , Johnson Alexis M. , Walsh Adeline E. , Price Richard J. , Lukens John R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionMutations in INPP5D, which encodes for the SH2‐domain‐containing inositol phosphatase SHIP‐1, have recently been linked to an increased risk of developing late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. While INPP5D expression is almost exclusively restricted to microglia in the brain, little is known regarding how SHIP‐1 affects neurobiology or neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.MethodsWe generated and investigated 5xFAD Inpp5dfl/flCx3cr1Ert2Cre mice to ascertain the function of microglial SHIP‐1 signaling in response to amyloid beta (Aβ)‐mediated pathology.ResultsSHIP‐1 deletion in microglia led to substantially enhanced recruitment of microglia to Aβ plaques, altered microglial gene expression, and marked improvements in neuronal health. Further, SHIP‐1 loss enhanced microglial plaque containment and Aβ engulfment when compared to microglia from Cre‐negative 5xFAD Inpp5dfl/fl littermate controls.DiscussionThese results define SHIP‐1 as a pivotal regulator of microglial responses during Aβ‐driven neurological disease and suggest that targeting SHIP‐1 may offer a promising strategy to treat Alzheimer's disease.Highlights
Inpp5d deficiency in microglia increases plaque‐associated microglia numbers.
Loss of Inpp5d induces activation and phagocytosis transcriptional pathways.
Plaque encapsulation and engulfment by microglia are enhanced with Inpp5d deletion.
Genetic ablation of Inpp5d protects against plaque‐induced neuronal dystrophy.
A Simple Approach to Solution‐Processible Small‐Molecule Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters for High‐Performance Narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Wang Tao , Yin Xiaojun , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost multi‐resonance (MR) induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters generally exhibit strong aggregation and relatively worse solubility due to their rigid and planar molecule structures, which is highly undesirable for solution‐processible devices. Herein, a simple but feasible approach for solution‐processible small‐molecule MR‐TADF emitters is developed by incorporating two MR‐TADF units onto carbazole bridge bearing long alkyl chains. The obtained emitters demonstrate supreme film‐forming capability and narrowband emissions with full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 22 nm. The resulting solution‐processed narrowband electroluminescent devices achieve maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.1 %, which represents the highest efficiency among the solution‐processed OLEDs based on MR‐TADF emitters. This simple approach reveals great potential of developing solution‐processible emitters for rigid and planar molecular structures.
Head‐to‐Tail Dimerization of N‐Heterocyclic Diazoolefins
Authors: Varava Paul , Wong Tak Hin , Dong Zhaowen , Gitlina Anastasia Yu. , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Feuerstein Wolfram , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe head‐to‐tail dimerization of N‐heterocyclic diazoolefins is described. The products of these formal (3+3) cycloaddition reactions are strongly reducing quinoidal tetrazines. Oxidation of the tetrazines occurs in a stepwise fashion, and we were able to isolate a stable radical cation and diamagnetic dications. The latter are also accessible by oxidative dimerization of diazoolefins.
Tuning the Crystal Phase to Form MnGaOx‐Spinel for Highly Efficient Syngas to Light Olefins
Authors: Bai Bing , Guo Chenxi , Jiao Feng , Xiao Jianping , Ding Yilun , Qu Shengcheng , Pan Yang , Pan Xiulian , Bao Xinhe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oxide–zeolite (OXZEO) catalyst design concept has been demonstrated in an increasing number of studies as an alternative avenue for direct syngas conversion to light olefins. We report that face‐centered cubic (FCC) MnGaOx‐Spinel gives 40 % CO conversion, 81 % light olefins selectivity, and a 0.17 g gcat−1 h−1 space‐time yield of light olefins in combination with SAPO‐18. In comparison, solid solution MnGaOx (characterized by Mn‐doped hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) Ga2O3) with a similar chemical composition gives a much inferior activity, i.e., the specific surface activity is one order of magnitude lower than the spinel oxide. Photoluminescence (PL), in situ Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the superior activity of MnGaOx‐Spinel can be attributed to its higher reducibility (higher concentration of oxygen vacancies) and the presence of coordinatively unsaturated Ga3+ sites, which facilitates the dissociation of the C−O bond via a more efficient ketene–acetate pathway to light olefins.
Functional DNA Superstructures Exhibit Positive Homotropic Allostery in Ligand Binding
Authors: Yin Qingxin , Zhao Dan , Chang Yangyang , Liu Bo , Liu Yi , Liu Meng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInspired by intrinsically disordered proteins in nature, DNA aptamers can be engineered to display strongly homotropic allosteric (or cooperative) ligand binding, representing a unique feature that could be of great utility in applications such as biosensing, imaging and drug delivery. The use of an intrinsic disorder mechanism, however, comes with an inherent drawback of significantly reduced overall binding affinity. We hypothesize that it could be addressed via the design of multivalent supramolecular aptamers. We built functional DNA superstructures (denoted as 3D DNA), made of long‐chain DNA containing tandem repeating DNA aptamers (or concatemeric aptamers). The 3D DNA systems exhibit highly cooperative binding to both small molecules and proteins, without loss of binding affinities of their parent aptamers. We further produced a highly responsive sensor for fluorescence imaging of glutamate stimulation‐evoked adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in neurons, as well as force stimulus‐triggered ATP release in astrocytes.
The Sima de los Huesos cervical spine
Authors: Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInformation regarding the evolution of the neck in genus Homo is hampered owing to a limited fossil record. Neandertals display significant metric and/or morphological differences in all the cervical vertebrae, when compared to Homo sapiens. Thus, the important fossil record from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) not only offers important information about the evolution of this anatomical region within the Neandertal lineage, but also provides important clues to understand the evolution of this region at the genus level. We present the current knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical spine of the hominins found in SH compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans, and, when possible, to Homo erectus and Homo antecessor. The current SH fossil record comprises 172 cervical specimens (after refittings) belonging to a minimum of 11 atlases, 13 axes, and 52 subaxial cervical vertebrae. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their cervical spine more similar to that of Neandertals than that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position of these hominins. However, there are some differences between the SH hominins and Neandertals in this anatomical region, primarily in the length and robusticity, and to a lesser extent in the orientation of the spinous processes of the lowermost cervical vertebrae. We hypothesize that these differences in the lowermost subaxial cervical vertebrae could be related to the increase in the brain size and/or changes in the morphology of the skull that occurred in the Neandertal lineage.
Understanding questions and concerns about potable water reuse: An analysis of survey write‐in responses
Authors: Scruggs Caroline E. , Heyne Catherine M. , Rumsey Kellin N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUrban centers around the world are grappling with the challenges associated with population increases, drought, and projected water shortages. Potable water reuse (i.e., purification of municipal wastewater for reuse as drinking water) is an option for supplementing existing water supplies. Public perception research on potable water reuse has predominantly employed surveys with multiple‐choice questions that constrain survey respondents to describe their concerns by choosing from several response options. This research examines hundreds of write‐in responses to a large public survey in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to provide a detailed analysis of residents' questions and concerns about potable water reuse. Findings demonstrate that allowing respondents to voice their actual concerns adds richness and nuance that cannot be obtained from multiple‐choice response data alone. Especially with controversial resource considerations, such as potable water reuse, planners would benefit from a full understanding of the problem before engaging with the community.
Smart hydrogels based on semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networks of collagen‐polyurethane‐alginate for soft/hard tissue healing, drug delivery devices, and anticancer therapies
Authors: Lara‐Rico Rosalina , López‐Badillo Claudia M. , Claudio‐Rizo Jesús A. , Cabrera‐Munguía Denis. A. , Becerra‐Rodríguez Juan J. , Espinosa‐Neira Roberto , Cruz‐Ortiz Brenda R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, hydrogels based on semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi‐IPN) based on collagen‐polyurethane‐alginate were studied physicochemically and from different approaches for biomedical application. It was determined that the matrices in the hydrogel state are crosslinked by the formation of urea and amide bonds between the biopolymer chains and the polyurethane crosslinker. The increment in alginate content (0–40 wt%) significantly increases the swelling capacity, generating semi‐crystalline granular structures with improved storage modulus and resistance to thermal, hydrolytic, and proteolytic degradation. The in vitro bioactivity results indicated that the composition of these novel hydrogels stimulates the metabolic activity of monocytes and fibroblasts, benefiting their proliferation; while in cancer cell lines, it was determined that the composition of these biomaterials decreases the metabolic activity of breast cancer cells after 48 h of stimulation, and for colon cancer cells their metabolic activity decreases after 72 h of contact for the hydrogel with 40 wt% alginate. The matrices show a behavior of multidose release of ketorolac, and a higher concentration of analgesic is released in the semi‐IPN matrix. The inhibition capacity of Escherichia coli is higher if the polysaccharide concentration is low (10 wt%). The in vitro wound closure test (scratch test) results indicate that the hydrogel with 20 wt% alginate shows an improvement in wound closure at 15 days of contact. Finally, the bioactivity of mineralization was evaluated to demonstrate that these hydrogels can induce the formation of carbonated apatite on their surface. The engineered hydrogels show biomedical multifunctionality and they could be applied in soft and hard tissue healing strategies, anticancer therapies, and drug release devices.
Stable dual cations perovskite nanocrystals as absorbers for perovskite solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 24%
Authors: Xie Zhiqing , Park Ho‐Yeol , Kim Hyerin , Park Jeonghyeon , Song Donghyun , Lee Jieun , Chetan Lakshman , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFA1 − XCsXPbI3 (formamidinium [FA]; cesium [Cs]; lead [Pb]; and iodine [I]) perovskites are promising candidates in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the superior optoelectronic properties, tunable bandgap, and high thermal stability. It is well known that the preparation of phase‐pure perovskite and hybrid cations and/or halides strategy are effective ways to achieve high efficiency and strengthen the stability of PSCs. In this work, dual cation perovskite precursor Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 was synthesized by a simple and effective one‐step solution process under ambient conditions and successfully used in the PSCs as an active layer. By this strategy, the high‐purity Cs‐FA hybrid cations perovskites not only enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 22.10% but also achieved long‐term stability. This work explains in detail the effects of Cs+ in FAPbI3 perovskites on precursor chemistry, film nucleation, grain growth, and defect properties. Furthermore, with the incorporation of MACl in the precursor and passivation process, the photovoltaic properties are further enhanced. Encouragingly, the mixed cations PSCs feature the champion PCE of 24.5%, which is one of the highest values reported to date for Cs‐doped PSCs.
Estimation of purity of antimicrobial lead compound sulfonamide‐anthranilate derivative methyl‐ester‐toluene‐sulfonamide using LC to develop a new drug application
Authors: Deshpande Girish K. , Akshinthala Parameswari , Katari Naresh Kumar , Deshmukh Balasaheb , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Battula Sreenivas Rao , Gundla Rambabu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe newly synthesized lead molecule methyl‐ester‐toluene‐sulfonamide is the combined derivative of sulfonamide‐anthranilate. It was estimated by gradient elution using 0.1% triethylamine in water with pH 2.0 as mobile phase A and the mixture of acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran in the ratio of 975:25 (v/v) as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and 210 nm wavelength on an Agilent 1260 infinity series HPLC system equipped with a diode array detector. The column used was ACE 3 C18‐PFP (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm i.d.) operating at 40°C. The gradient program was time (min)/% B: 0.0/50, 3.0/50, 15.0/70, 25.0/90, 30.0/90, 31/50, and 38/50. The method is simple, accurate, rapid, and selective. The method was linear with a concentration range of 1.6–240 μg/ml. The accuracy data obtained were 98.5–100.5%. The method validation data and quality by design–based robustness study results indicate that the developed method is robust and fit for routine use in the quality control laboratory. Therefore, the ready availability of the method can be useful in pharmaceutical new drug development.
Comparison of neurofilament light and heavy chain in spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Li Jin‐Yue , Dai Yi , Sun Xiao‐Han , Ren Hai‐tao , Shen Dong‐chao , Yang Xun‐Zhe , Liu Ming‐Sheng , Cui Li‐Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were two major motor neuron diseases with similar symptoms and poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers in disease monitoring and differential diagnosis of adult SMA patients with sporadic ALS patients.MethodsThis was a pilot study with ten adult SMA patients and ten ALS patients consecutively enrolled during hospitalization. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected for assessment of neurofilament light (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH). Serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatinine (Cr) were also compared between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify differentiated values among ALS and SMA patients.ResultsSerum Cr, CSF NFL, and CSF pNFH levels of ALS patients were significantly higher than those of the adult SMA patients (p < .01). Serum CK and Cr were strongly correlated with baseline ALSFRS‐R scores in SMA patients (p < .001). The ROC curves revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 in serum Cr with a cut‐off value of 44.5 μmol/L (Sensitivity 90%, Specificity 90%). AUC from the ROC curve of CSF NFL and CSF pNFH were 1.0 and 0.84, with cut‐off values of 1275 pg/mL and 0.395 ng/mL, respectively (Sensitivity and Specificity of 100% and 100% in CSF NFL; Sensitivity and Specificity of 90% and 80% in CSF pNFH).ConclusionCSF NFL and pNFH might be useful biomarkers for differential diagnosis of adult SMA and ALS.