bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic modifications of silkworms as a means to obtain therapeutic biomolecules and protein fibers with exceptional properties
Authors: Aramwit Pornanong , Jiang Qiuran , Muppuri Supritha , Reddy Narendra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransgenic modification of Bombyx mori silkworms is a benign approach for the production of silk fibers with extraordinary properties and also to generate therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules for various applications. Silk fibers with fluorescence lasting more than a year, natural protein fibers with strength and toughness exceeding that of spider silk, proteins and therapeutic biomolecules with exceptional properties have been developed using transgenic technology. The transgenic modifications have been done primarily by modifying the silk sericin and fibroin genes and also the silk producing glands. Although the genetic modifications were typically performed using the sericin 1 and other genes, newer techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled successful modifications of both the fibroin H‐chain and L‐chain. Such modifications have led to the production of therapeutic proteins and other biomolecules in reasonable quantities at affordable costs for tissue engineering and other medical applications. Transgenically modified silkworms also have distinct and long‐lasting fluorescence useful for bioimaging applications. This review presents an overview of the transgenic techniques for modifications of B. mori silkworms and the properties obtained due to such modifications with particular focus on production of growth factors, fluorescent proteins, and high performance protein fibers.
A Comparative Study between Abrus cantoniensis and Abrus mollis: Flavonoids Profiles by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and Anti‐Inflammatory Mechanism by Transcriptomics
Authors: Liang Zhike , Chen Zhixia , Xue Xianmei , He Cuimin , Yuan Xujiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbrus mollis (MJGC) has been used as a substitute herb for Abrus cantoniensis (JGC) in China. However, an in‐depth comparison on their key metabolites and the mechanism of anti‐inflammation between these two is not available. In this report, high pressure liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was applied to capture their flavonoid profiles; transcriptomics was adopted to analyze their anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. The results showed that the main flavonoids in MJGC were vicenin‐2, schaftoside and isoschaftoside, while those in JGC were vicenin‐1 isomer and schaftoside isomer. The anti‐inflammatory activity of JGC was slightly stronger than that of MJGC. The number of differential expression genes regulated by JGC was significantly higher than MJGC. JGC regulated 151 (42 up and 109 down) of inflammation related genes, while MJGC regulated 58 (8 up and 50 down) of inflammation related genes. The results of this study provided scientific evidence and guidance for the substitution of MJGC and JGC.
Noninflammatory obstructive appendicopathy: A rare presentation of abdominal pain
Authors: Al Tamr Wissam Jamal , Ali Sameh , Omran Kareem 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessagePatients with appendicitis‐like abdominal pain but negative laboratory and radiological findings can have rare alternative aetiologies such as obstructive appendicopathy. A normal appendix may be seen in surgery, and removal with consent is curative.
Icosahedral Pd Nanocrystal Catalysts with Dispersed Bi Atoms via Photochemical Route for Enhanced Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Ren Yaoyao , Jin Hui , Wang Zhi , Cheng Tianchun , Sun Tulai , Tian Jinshu , Zhu Yihan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe decoration of noble metal catalysts with specific main group or transition metal atoms offers an effective way to improve the catalytic performance through electronic structure regulation and active site optimization without losing the active surface area. Herein, icosahedral Pd nanocrystals catalysts with highly dispersed Bi atoms decoration have been realized by a simple photochemical reduction approach. The decoration of Bi atoms maintains the original Pd cyclic penta‐twinned structure. The deposition amount of Bi atoms, which greatly affect the catalytic performance, is fundamentally regulated by the irradiation time. Compared with pure Pd, the Pd−Bi icosahedral nanocrystals show significant improvement in electrocatalytic activity towards formic acid oxidation. Besides, the catalytic performance is correlated with the content of Bi. The optimal performance is occurred at the Bi content of 2.86%.
Flexible, Self‐powered Thermoelectric Module for Body‐heat Recovery
Authors: Liang Xiaosa , Zhang Xingzhong , Zhu Bo , Hou Yue , Ke Manzhu , Wang Ziyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConversion of heat into electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) will be beneficial for self‐powered wearable electronic systems. However, the output power of previously reported flexible TE generator (f‐TEG) is too low to meet the requirements of wearable electronic devices. Herein, we report an f‐TEG integrated with inorganic TE materials and exhibiting high output power. The proposed TE device has 60 pairs of p‐type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 TE legs, and has an extremely low internal resistance (1.09 Ω). This f‐TEG possesses good flexibility (with a bending radius of ∼1 cm) and high output‐power density (up to 4.49 mW/cm2 with a temperature difference of 30 K). To convenience use, a step‐up boost voltage converter is integrated with the TEG to convert the low voltage into a high voltage for micro‐device to work, it provides a new candidate scheme for self‐powered wearable electronic devices. Experiments showed that a LED can be lit up by the f‐TEG with a boost circuit. There results demonstrate that the proposed f‐TEG provides ultrahigh output power density and integrated self‐powered devices, can be used to powering low‐power electronics and sensors through heat harvesting.
The Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Desvenlafaxine Succinate in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Fed States
Authors: Wang Manman , Yang Yingying , Hu Wei , Wang Yue , Chen Youli , Zhang Xueyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDesvenlafaxine succinate is a selective serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The pharmacokinetic profile of desvenlafaxine succinate at the clinically recommended dose of 50 mg in Chinese healthy subjects has been reported rarely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of desvenlafaxine succinate in Chinese healthy subjects. A single‐dose, open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover study with a 7‐day washout period was conducted. A total of 88 individuals were incorporated to show bioequivalence of a generic and a reference drug, with 48 individuals in the fasting state and 40 receiving a high‐fat diet. Finally, 46 and 38 individuals completed the fasting and the fed study, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of the adjusted geometric mean ratios for maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity all fell in the bioequivalent interval of 80%–125% in both the fasting and fed states. A total of 33 adverse events were reported, and all were mild or moderate in severity. In summary, the generic and reference formulations were bioequivalent, with no observable safety differences in the fasting/fed state.
A multimodal face antispoofing method based on multifeature vision transformer and multirank fusion
Authors: Li Zuhe , Cui Yuhao , Wang Fengqin , Liu Weihua , Yang Yongshuang , Yu Zeqi , Jiang Bin , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2023

SummaryFace antispoofing (FAS) is attracting increasing attention from researchers because of its important role in preventing facial recognition systems from face spoofing attacks. With the advancement of various new convolutional neural network structures and the construction of various face antispoofing databases, the deep learning‐based face antispoofing algorithm has become the main method in the FAS field. However, the generalization performance of the current multimodal face antispoofing algorithm is poor, and the recognition performance of the model on different datasets is quite different. Therefore, we design a multimodal face antispoofing framework based on a multifeature transformer (MFViT) and multirank fusion (MRF). First, we use a vision transformer structure, MFViT, for multimodal face antispoofing and a combination of modalities to capture the distinguishing characteristics in each modality. Second, we design a multidimensional multimodal fusion module, MRF, according to the various modal fusion characteristics obtained by the MFViT to fuse modal information in different dimensions more effectively. Evaluation results indicate that framework we designed achieves an average classification error rate (ACER) of 1.61% on the CASIA‐SURF dataset and an ACER of 6.5% on the CASIA‐SURF CeFA dataset.
Temporomandibular pain and quality of life assessment in adolescents in a Norwegian cohort
Authors: Dahl Anne F. , Bergem Anne K. , Bjørnland Tore , Olsen‐Bergem Heming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to examine the prevalence of pain from the face and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and oral function in adolescents and contribute to more focus on this patient group.MethodsA total of 957 adolescents were included in this study, in age cohorts 18, 16, and 14, scheduled for a dental recall examination. Clinical data were collected as a part of the routine clinical examination. All participants also answered a survey.ResultsAlmost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. A significantly higher prevalence was found for females for all pain sites, and facial pain was significantly higher among the oldest. A reduced maximal incisal opening was significantly associated with higher reported facial/jaw pain, with increased mouth opening pain and chewing pain. Fifty‐seven percent of the participants reported the use of nonprescription painkillers, highest among females, and in the oldest age cohort, mainly caused by nonfeverish headaches. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain, headache, pain intensity, and duration, pain upon oral function, and oral movement, as well as the use of nonprescriptive drugs. Females in the older age group, experience less quality of life in general, as they felt more worried, anxious, lonely, and sad, compared to males.ConclusionFacial‐ and TMJ pain was higher in females, and higher with increasing age. Almost half of the participants had experienced facial pain in the last 3 months, headache being the most prevalent site reported. General health was found to be negatively correlated to facial pain.
Single‐phase five‐level common‐ground transformerless inverter using switched capacitors for photovoltaic application
Authors: Singh Neti Sukhdev , Singh Varsha , Pattnaik Swapnajit , Anand Vishal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransformerless inverters (TLIs) are extensively used in the photovoltaic (PV) grid‐connected system. TLI with a common ground structure exhibits multiple excellent features that improve the efficiency of the inverter, eliminating leakage current and boosting the voltage. The use of TLI eliminates the electrical isolation required between PV and the grid, resulting in a leakage current (LC) issue. The LC affects the power quality of the inverter and creates a safety‐related issue. This paper presents a new TLI topology based on the common ground (CG) structure. This topology uses eight switches and two self‐balanced switched capacitors. Phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD‐PWM) control scheme is used to create a five‐level output voltage. Further, adequate analysis for component selection and loss analysis is carried out to evaluate the efficiency. Its CG configuration certifies that there is minimal LC and common mode voltage (CMV). It also supports the active and reactive power of the grid. Its dual gain makes it suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This topology is simulated for leading, lagging, unity power factor (UPF), and changes in input voltage and load conditions. Later, a corresponding experimental test is carried out on a laboratory prototype (1 kW). An equitable comparison is carried out for the component, stresses, and features like CG, and LC, along with efficiency.
Exosome: A megastar of future cancer personalized and precision medicine
Authors: Dhar Rajib , Gorai Sukhamoy , Devi Arikketh , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Rahman Md. Atiar , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are an innovative orientation of next‐generation cancer medicine. In EVs, the exosome is the most exciting domain associated with cancer research current decade.Exosomes have both cancer progression related and cancer healing capabilities depending on the source. It develops a new platform for cancer personalized and precision medicine visionary project to come to reality.
Cytopathological findings of intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pena‐Burgos Eva Manuela , Tapia‐Viñe Mar , Rodríguez‐García Ana M. , Ortiz‐Cruz Eduardo José , Pozo‐Kreilinger Jose Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) is an exceedingly rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the lymph nodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are unspecific, which may present diagnostic challenges to fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The histological and immunohistochemical features of IPM are unique.Case ReportA previously healthy 40‐year‐old male patient presented a slow‐growing solitary left inguinal mass. FNAC revealed clustered cells within a metachromatic stroma, single spindle cells without atypia, hemosiderin pigment, and siderophages. An MRI showed a central hyperintense septum in fat‐suppressed, T2‐weighted sequences. The excised lymph node contained central haphazard fascicles of spindle cells with focal nuclear palisading, hemosiderin pigment, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemorrhagic areas. Vimentin and smooth muscle actin were diffusely positive. Amianthoid collagen fibers were not clearly observed.ConclusionIPM is an extremely rare mesenchymal benign intranodal tumor that should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions in the inguinal region.
A meta‐analytic review of impact of measurement choice on RCTs to reduce appearance internalization
Authors: Mol Tess , Thompson Joel Kevin , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePrior reviews have shown that interventions targeting internalization of appearance standards are generally efficacious, though there is considerable heterogeneity in estimates across studies. This updated review of the literature evaluates whether efficacy estimates from RCTs systematically vary as a function of three related outcome measures (internalization, awareness, and perceived pressure regarding appearance standards).MethodsSeven electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to February 8, 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed each study's risk of bias. Studies included were randomized‐controlled trials evaluating body image/eating disorder prevention or intervention programs targeting internalization as a focal point of treatment. Effect sizes were meta‐analyzed and meta‐regression analyses were conducted investigating the impact of outcome measure choice on study effect size at post‐intervention and follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐seven studies (N = 4809 participants) were included. The meta‐analytic findings as expected found interventions efficacious at reducing internalization post‐intervention (d = −0.47, 95% CI [−0.60 to −0.34], k = 44), and at follow‐up (d = −0.28, 95% CI [−0.39 to −0.17], k = 43), but also highly heterogenous (I2 = 52–67%). Operationalization of internalization moderated results at follow‐up but not post‐intervention timepoints, with awareness measures (compared with internalization measures) producing weaker effect sizes. Exploratory analyses found bigger effects when internalization was compared with all other measurement categories combined, suggesting possible issues with statistical power in main analyses.DiscussionMixed present findings suggest need for further evaluation of measurement effects on efficacy, and possible caution in choice of outcome measure for internalization‐based interventions.Public significance statementThis review provides some preliminary evidence that choice of survey measures used in randomized controlled trials can impact our judgments about whether a trial reduces the extent to which participants endorse unrealistic appearance standards. Accuracy in measurement of this efficacy of trials is crucial, given the role that internalized appearance standards play in onset and maintenance of eating disorders.
Distribution and clinical comparison of restrictive feeding and eating disorders using ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 criteria
Authors: Düplois Dominik , Brosig Luise , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Hilbert Anja , Schlensog‐Schuster Franziska , Schmidt Ricarda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWithin the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11), diagnostic criteria for feeding and eating disorders were revised and new diagnoses including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) are classifiable; however, nothing is known about how these changes affect the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders. This study compared the distribution and clinical characteristics of restrictive feeding and eating disorders between ICD‐10 and ICD‐11.MethodThe Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), its child version, and the EDE ARFID module were administered to N = 82 patients (0–17 years) seeking treatment for restrictive feeding and eating disorders and their parents. Clinical characteristics were derived from medical records, questionnaires, and objective anthropometrics.ResultsThe number of residual restrictive eating disorders (rrED) significantly decreased from ICD‐10 to ICD‐11 due to a crossover to full‐threshold disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN) or ARFID. Patients reclassified to ICD‐11 ARFID were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, more restrictive eating behaviors, and tended to have more somatic comorbidities compared to those reclassified to ICD‐11 AN. Patients with rrED according to both ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, less shape concern, and more somatic comorbidities than patients who were reclassified from ICD‐10 rrED to ICD‐11 AN or ARFID.DiscussionThis study highlights the inclusive approach of ICD‐11 criteria, paving the way for more targeted treatment, and ARFID's high clinical relevance. Future studies considering nonrestrictive feeding and eating disorders across the life span may allow further analyses on diagnostic crossover.Public SignificanceChanges in diagnostic criteria for restrictive eating disorders within the newly published ICD‐11 led to an increase in full‐threshold disorders, while the number of rrED was significantly lowered compared to ICD‐10 criteria. The results thus highlight the diagnostic utility of ICD‐11 criteria and may help providing adequate treatment to children and adolescents with rrED.
Divergent responses of generalist and specialist pollinators to experimental drought: Outcomes for plant reproduction
Authors: Gambel Jess , Holway David A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrought is an increasingly important consequence of climate change. Drought often causes plants to alter patterns of resource allocation, which in turn can affect how plants interact with other species. How these altered interactions subsequently influence plant reproductive success remains incompletely understood and may depend on the degree of specialization exhibited by antagonists and mutualists. Specialist pollinators, for example, are dependent on floral resources from their obligate hosts and under drought conditions may thus indiscriminately visit these hosts (at least in certain circumstances). Generalist pollinators, in contrast, may only forage on host plants in good condition, given that they can forage on other plant species. We tested this hypothesis and its consequences for plant reproduction in squash (Cucurbita pepo) grown along an experimental moisture gradient ranging from dry (growth and flowering compromised) to wet conditions. Floral visitation increased with plant soil moisture for generalist honey bees but was independent of plant soil moisture for specialist squash bees. Pollen production increased with plant soil moisture, and fluorescent pigments placed on flowers revealed that pollinators primarily moved pollen from male flowers on well‐watered plants to the stigmas of female flowers on well‐watered plants. Seed set increased with increasing plant soil moisture but, notably, was higher in bee‐pollinated plants compared to plants pollinated by hand with an even mix of pollen from plants grown at either end of the experimental moisture gradient. These results suggest that superior pollen rewards, perhaps combined with selective foraging by generalists, enhanced reproductive success in C. pepo when plant soil moisture was high and more generally illustrate that pollinator behavior may contribute to how drought conditions affect plant reproduction.
Effect of piston bowl geometry and spray angle on engine performance and emissions in HCCI engine using multi‐stage injection strategy
Authors: Mishra Advait , Kulshrestha Saksham , Patel Faisal Moin , Tiwari Nishant , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and combustion chamber geometry play significant roles in improving the potential of compression ignition engines and their environmental sustainability. However, a major hindrance to the progress of HCCI technology has been the notable decline in brake thermal efficiency and emit high levels of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) which is mainly due to the low temperatures during combustion and low post oxidation of these components. Combustion chambers like hemispherical combustion chamber (TCC) and toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) are known to provide better combustion characteristics due to their increased surface‐to‐volume ratio. Moreover, injection timing and spray position have shown a significant effect on the controlling onset of combustion and emission in HCCI engine. Therefore, the primary objective of this numerical study is to enhance the engine characteristics in HCCI mode using an HCC and TCC piston bowl geometry coupled with multistage injection and compare the results with flat piston bowl geometry. The results show that the toroidal shape piston geometry provides 3%–5% higher brake thermal efficiency compared to the conventional piston geometry. Additionally, the energy balance analysis revealed that the combination of modified piston geometry and multi stage injection improved the combustion process by reducing the energy losses due to incomplete combustion and heat transfer to the engine walls. These findings suggest that the proposed injection strategy combined with modified piston geometry has the potential to enhance the performance of HCCI engines and reduce their environmental impact.