bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast and cervical cancer screening in Denmark: A register-based study
Authors: Nonboe Mette Hartmann , Napolitano George , Schroll Jeppe Bennekou , Vejborg Ilse , Waldstrøm Marianne , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: March 2023

Background:Denmark was one of the few countries where it was politically decided to continue cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the actual population uptake of mammography and cervical screening during this period.Methods:The first COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark was announced on 11 March 2020. To investigate possible changes in cancer screening activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we analysed data from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2021. A time series analysis was carried out to discover possible trends and outliers in the screening activities in the period 2017–2021. Data on mammography screening and cervical screening were retrieved from governmental pandemic-specific monitoring of health care activities.Results:A brief drop was seen in screening activity right after the first COVID-19 lockdown, but the activity quickly returned to its previous level. A short-term deficit of 43% [CI –49 to –37] was found for mammography screening. A short-term deficit of 62% [CI –65 to –58] was found for cervical screening. Furthermore, a slight, statistically significant downward trend in cervical screening from 2018 to 2021 was probably unrelated to the pandemic. Other changes, for example, a marked drop in mammography screening towards the end of 2021, also seem unrelated to the pandemic.Conclusions:Denmark continued cancer screening during the pandemic, but following the first lockdown a temporary drop was seen in breast and cervical screening activity.Funding:Region Zealand (R22-A597).
Workload and use factor data for a modern digital radiography system
Authors: Kirby Krystal M. , Schueler Beth A. , Littrell Laurel A. , Long Zaiyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe well‐referenced structural shielding design NCRP Report No. 147 uses workload information based on self‐reported film‐screen data from the AAPM Task Group 9 survey. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical workload distributions of modern digital radiography (DR) systems in general hospital and pediatric‐only practices. A retrospective analysis of DR imaging data on four radiographic systems in a hospital practice and two radiographic systems in a pediatric practice, through a custom clinical DICOM header analytics program. A total of 203, 294 exposures from the general hospital practice and 25,415 from the pediatric practice from 2019 and 2021 were included. Values for kVp, mAs, and detector type (wall bucky, table bucky, or free detector) were extracted. For each exam, mAs was accumulated in a kVp histogram with bins 5 kVp wide and further parsed by detector type. Total workload was calculated by summing all exposures, then normalized by the number of patients. The median (25th and 75th percentile) workload in the hospital practice was 0.43 (0.22, 1.13) mA‐min per patient, while the average was 1.36 ± 3.08. Pediatric data yielded a median (25th and 75th percentile) of 0.10 (0.05, 0.23) and an average of 0.29 ± 0.69 mA‐min per patient. Mean number of patients per week was 230 adult and 57 pediatric. Hospital workload data is approximately 44% less than the NCRP Report No. 147 value.
Voltage Decay of Li‐Rich Layered Oxides: Mechanism, Modification Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Zeng Lingcai , Liang Haoyan , Qiu Bao , Shi Zhepu , Cheng Sijie , Shi Kaixiang , Liu Quanbing , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) have been considered as the most promising cathode materials for achieving high energy density Li‐ion batteries. However, they suffer from continuous voltage decay during cycling, which seriously shortens the lifespan of the battery in practical applications. This review comprehensively elaborates and summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art of the research in this field. It is started from the proposed mechanism of voltage decay that refers to the phase transition, microscopic defects, and oxygen redox or release. Furthermore, several strategies to mitigate the voltage decay of LLOs from different scales, such as surface modification, elemental doping, regulation of components, control of defect, and morphology design are summarized. Finally, a systematic outlook on the real root of voltage decay is provided, and more importantly, a potential solution to voltage recovery from electrochemistry. Based on this progress, some effective strategies with multiple scales will be feasible to create the conditions for their commercialization in the future.
Toward Real‐Time Blood Pressure Monitoring via High‐Fidelity Iontronic Tonometric Sensors with High Sensitivity and Large Dynamic Ranges
Authors: Wan Qingzhou , Chen Qian , Freithaler Mark A , Velagala Sridhar Reddy , Liu Yihan , To Albert C. , Mahajan Aman , Mukkamala Ramakrishna , Xiong Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContinuous, noninvasive blood pressure (CNIBP) monitoring provides valuable hemodynamic information that renders detection of the early onset of cardiovascular diseases. Wearable mechano‐electric pressure sensors that mount on the skin are promising candidates for monitoring continuous blood pressure (BP) pulse waveforms due to their excellent conformability, simple sensing mechanisms, and convenient signal acquisition. However, it is challenging to acquire high‐fidelity BP pulse waveforms since it requires highly sensitive sensors (sensitivity larger than 4 × 10−5 kPa−1) that respond linearly with pressure change over a large dynamic range, covering the typical BP range (5–25 kPa). Herein, this work introduces a high‐fidelity, iontronic‐based tonometric sensor (ITS) with high sensitivity (4.82 kPa−1), good linearity (R2 > 0.995), and a large dynamic range (up to 180% output change) over a broad working range (0 to 38 kPa). Additionally, the ITS demonstrates a low limit of detection at 40 Pa, a fast load response time (35 ms) and release time (35 ms), as well as a stable response over 5000 load per release cycles, paving ways for potential applications in human‐interface interaction, electronic skins, and robotic haptics. This work further explores the application of the ITS in monitoring real‐time, beat‐to‐beat BP by measuring the brachial and radial pulse waveforms. This work provides a rational design of a wearable pressure sensor with high sensitivity, good linearity, and a large dynamic range for real‐time CNIBP monitoring.
Macrophages‐Cancer Membrane‐Encapsulated Metal−Organic Frameworks with Copper‐Depleting Moiety for Mitochondria‐Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Li Weiqun , Dong Mingjie , Li Yingchun , Dong Haifeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitochondria‐targeted therapeutics are an attractive approach against energy‐dependent cancer. However, effective mitochondria organelle therapeutics agents are still highly desirable. Herein, a mitochondria‐targeted therapeutics platform, termed CDM@MUiO‐DP@MCHM, consisting of macrophages‐cancer hybrid membrane (MCHM) encapsulated MUiO‐66 metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported, which is loaded with microRNA (miRNA) biomarker detection probe (DP) for cancer diagnosis and copper‐depleting moiety (CDM) for mitochondrial copper depletion to suppress cancer growth. Using nude mice bearing MCF‐7 as model, after injecting intravenously via the caudal vein of mice, the encapsulation of MCHM can not only greatly enhance the cancer homing‐targeting ability of the nanoparticles (NPs) but also endows the NPs the immune escape capacity to extend the circulation time. The miRNA‐21 biomarker can be detected by the fluorescence signal for diagnosis, while the CDM induced energy deficiency and compromised mitochondria membrane potential, leading to apoptosis of the cancer cell. The good performance of CDM@MUiO‐DP@MCHM suggest the great potential mitochondria organelle therapeutics.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dual C−H Activation for Regioselective Triple Annulation of Enaminones: Access to Polycyclic Naphthopyran Derivatives
Authors: Suresh Vavilapalli , Naveen Kumar Muniganti , Nagireddy Attunuri , Sridhar Reddy Maddi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRh‐catalyzed C−H activation of arenes for oxidative annulations with alkynes stands out as a protocol for polycyclic scaffolds. This perspective drives us to disclose herein a rhodium catalyzed regioselective triple annulation of enaminones with hydroxyl‐alkynoates via double C−H functionalization for polycyclic naphtho‐pyran scaffolds. Secondary coordination of OH in alkynoate dictated the regioselectivity. Initial lactonization occurred chemoselectively on to enamine part via carbo rhodation followed by reductive elimination. This protocol was scalable and has shown high functionality tolerance. KIE studies were done to get insight in to the mechanism, and some downstream transformations were achieved to show the synthetic potential of the method.
Microgeographic variation in early fitness traits of Pinus sylvestris from contrasting soils
Authors: Jiménez‐Ramírez Azucena , Solé‐Medina Aida , Ramírez‐Valiente José A. , Robledo‐Arnuncio Juan J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseThe possibility of fine‐scale intraspecific adaptive divergence under gene flow is established by theoretical models and has been confirmed empirically in tree populations distributed along steep altitudinal clines or across extreme edaphic discontinuities. However, the possibility of microgeographic adaptive divergence due to less severe but more frequent kinds of soil variation is unclear.MethodsIn this study, we looked for evidence of local adaptation to calcareous versus siliceous soil types in two nearby Mediterranean Pinus sylvestris populations connected via pollen flow. Using a greenhouse experiment, we tested for variation in early (up to three years of age) seedling performance among open‐pollinated maternal families originating from each edaphic provenance when experimentally grown on both types of natural local substrate.ResultsAlthough seedlings were clearly affected by the edaphic environment, exhibiting lower and slower emergence as well as higher mortality on the calcareous than in the siliceous substrate, neither the performance on each substrate nor the plasticity among substrates varied significantly with seedling edaphic provenance.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of local adaptation to a non‐extreme edaphic discontinuity over a small spatial scale, at least during early stages of seedling establishment. Future studies on microgeographic soil‐driven adaptation should consider long‐term experiments to minimize maternal effects and allow a potentially delayed expression of edaphic adaptive divergence.
Fire effects on plant reproductive fitness vary among individuals, reflecting pollination‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Richardson Lea K. , Beck Jared , Eck Daniel J. , Shaw Ruth , Wagenius Stuart 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseFire induces flowering in many plant species worldwide, potentially improving reproductive fitness via greater availability of resources, as evident by flowering effort, and improved pollination outcomes, as evident by seed set. Postfire increases in flowering synchrony, and thus mating opportunities, may improve pollination. However, few studies evaluate fire effects on multiple components of fitness. Consequently, the magnitude and mechanism of fire effects on reproductive fitness remain unclear.MethodsOver multiple years and prescribed burns in a prairie preserve, we counted flowering stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds of three prairie perennials,Echinacea angustifolia,Liatris aspera, andSolidago speciosa. We used aster life‐history models to assess how fire and mating opportunities influenced annual maternal fitness and its components in individual plants.ResultsInEchinaceaandLiatris, but not inSolidago, fire increased head counts, and both fire and mating opportunities increased maternal fitness. BurnedEchinaceaandLiatrisplants with many flower heads produced many seeds despite low seed set (fertilization rates). In contrast, plants with an average number of flower heads had high seed set and produced many seeds only when mating opportunities were abundant.ConclusionsFire increased annual reproductive fitness via resource‐ and pollination‐dependent mechanisms inEchinaceaandLiatrisbut did not affectSolidagofitness. The consistent relationship between synchrony and seed set implies that temporal mating opportunities play an important role in pollination. While fire promotes flowering in many plant species, our results reveal that even closely related species exhibit differential responses to fire, which could impact the broader plant community.
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Nanographenes with Joined Nonhexagons via a Ring Expansion Strategy
Authors: Luo Huan , Liu Junzhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSynthetic methodology is considered a holy grail in both organic chemistry and materials science. Over the past few decades, researchers have explored graphene‐type molecules (or nanographenes) through classic Scholl oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. Despite the successes achieved with various nanographenes, the development of new methods to synthesize these highly desired molecules lags behind. Herein, we developed a facile and effective method to produce a series of nanographenes bearing nitrogen (N)‐doped pentagon‐heptagon pairs in acceptable yields. Modification of the heptagonal ring endowed the resultant nanographenes with tunable physicochemical properties; for instance, M9 exhibited both aggregation‐caused quenching and aggregation‐induced emission behavior. Most strikingly, novel nanographenes containing N‐doped pentagon‐octagon pairs were also obtained using the same synthetic strategy, demonstrating the superior versatility and efficiency of the proposed ring expansion method.
Highly‐Efficient Ion Gating through Self‐Assembled Two‐Dimensional Photothermal Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane
Authors: Zhou Yuming , Xiong Tianyi , Lu Jiahao , Yu Ping , Jiang Yanan , Xia Fan , Mao Lanqun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiological ion channels regulate the ion flow across cell membrane via opening or closing of the pores in response to various external stimuli. Replicating the function of high ion gating effects with artificial porous materials has been challenging. Herein, we report that the self‐assembled two‐dimensional metal‐organic framework (MOF) membrane can serve as an excellent nanofluidic platform for smart regulation of ion transport. The MOF membrane with good photothermal performance exhibits extremely high ion gating ratio (up to 104), which is among the highest values in MOF membrane nanochannels for light‐controlled ion gating reported so far. By repeatedly turning on and off the light, the nanofluidic device shows outstanding stability and reversibility that can be applied in the remote light‐switching system. This work may spark promising applications of MOF membrane with variety of stimuli responsive properties in ion sieving, biosensing, and energy conversion.
Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐N Atropisomers by Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Pyrroles
Authors: Yao Wang , Lu Chuan‐Jun , Zhan Li‐Wen , Wu Yi , Feng Jia , Liu Ren‐Rong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric construction of N−N atropisomeric biaryls remains a formidable challenge. Studies of them lag far behind studies of the more classical carbon‐carbon biaryl atropisomers, hampering meaningful development. Herein, the first palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H activation of pyrroles for the synthesis of N−N atropisomers is presented. Structurally diverse indole‐pyrrole atropisomers possessing a chiral N−N axis were produced with good yields and high enantioselectivities by alkenylation, alkynylation, allylation, or arylation reactions. Furthermore, the kinetic resolution of trisubstituted N−N heterobiaryls with more sterically demanding substituents was also achieved. Importantly, this versatile C−H functionalization strategy enables iterative functionalization of pyrroles with exquisite selectivity, expediting the formation of valuable, complex, N−N atropisomers.
High‐Throughput Diversification of Complex Bioactive Molecules by Accelerated Synthesis in Microdroplets
Authors: Huang Kai‐Hung , Morato Nicolás M. , Feng Yunfei , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLate‐stage diversification of drug molecules is an important strategy in drug discovery that can be facilitated by reaction screening using high‐throughput experimentation. Here we present a rapid method for functionalizing bioactive molecules based on accelerated reactions in microdroplets. Reaction mixtures are nebulized at throughputs better than 1 reaction/second and the accelerated reactions occurring in the microdroplets are followed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS). Because the accelerated reactions occur on the millisecond timescale, they allow an overall screening throughput of 1 Hz working at the low nanogram scale. Using this approach, an opioid agonist (PZM21) and an antagonist (naloxone) were diversified using three reactions important in medicinal chemistry: sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click reactions, imine formation reactions, and ene‐type click reactions. Some 269 functionalized analogs of naloxone and PZM21 were generated and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) after screening over 500 reactions.
Two‐dimensional Supramolecular Polymers Based on Selectively Recognized Aromatic Cation‐π and Donor‐Acceptor Motifs for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gao Zhao , Shi Lulu , Yan Fei , Han Yifei , Yuan Wei , Tian Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) organic polymers have recently received considerable interest, especially those whose architectures are held together via supramolecular engineering. However, current approaches toward supramolecular 2D structures usually suffer from mutual interference of noncovalent interactions and lack of intrinsic functions. Herein, we report well‐regulated 2D supramolecular polymers (2DSPs) through an aromatics‐selective recognition strategy of cation‐π and donor‐acceptor (D‐A) motifs, which are derived from C4‐symmetric cationic monomers and electron‐withdrawing molecules. By subtly designing the strength and direction of noncovalent driving forces, the mutual interference between cation‐π and D‐A interactions is effectively avoided, enabling the construction of 2DSPs in aqueous solution. On this basis, the resultant 2DSPs possess boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity at a rate of 600 μmol g−1 h−1, which is mainly ascribed to the specific stacking mode of cation‐π/D‐A motifs and the ordered 2D structures.
Multiple Leaf Sample Extraction System (MuLES): A tool to improve automated morphometric leaf studies
Authors: Bowman Christian S. , Traband Ryan , Wang Xuesong , Knowles Sara P. , Lo Sassoum , Jia Zhenyu , Vorsa Nicholi , Herniter Ira A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseThe measurement of leaf morphometric parameters from digital images can be time‐consuming or restrictive when using digital image analysis softwares. The Multiple Leaf Sample Extraction System (MuLES) is a new tool that enables high‐throughput leaf shape analysis with minimal user input or prerequisites, such as coding knowledge or image modification.Methods and ResultsMuLES uses contrasting pixel color values to distinguish between leaf objects and their background area, eliminating the need for color threshold–based methods or color correction cards typically required in other software methods. The leaf morphometric parameters measured by this software, especially leaf aspect ratio, were able to distinguish between large populations of different accessions for the same species in a high‐throughput manner.ConclusionsMuLES provides a simple method for the rapid measurement of leaf morphometric parameters in large plant populations from digital images and demonstrates the ability of leaf aspect ratio to distinguish between closely related plant types.
The clinical and sleep manifestations in children with FOXG1 syndrome
Authors: Wong Lee‐Chin , Huang Cheng‐Hsien , Chou Wan‐Yun , Hsu Chia‐Jui , Tsai Wen‐Che , Lee Wang‐Tso 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFOXG1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction, autistic behavior, and early‐onset hyperkinetic movement disorders. Patients have also been reported to experience sleep disturbances. However, these findings are mainly based on subjective caregivers' reports, and limited by small case numbers. Moreover, no studies using objective evaluation tools, such as actigraphy, have been reported. We analyzed the clinical and sleep manifestations of children with FOXG1 syndrome registered in the FOXG1 Research Foundation Patient Registry database. A total of 258 individuals with FOXG1 syndrome were included in this research. 132 (51.16%) had sleep disturbances. The more impaired of language acquisitions (absence of speech, OR: 3.99, 95%CI = 1.69–9.42, p = 0.002), hyperkinetic movement disorders (OR: 2.64, 95%CI = 1.34‐5.20 p = 0.005) and feeding difficulties (OR: 2.81, 95% CI = 1.52–5.19, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with an increase in odds of sleep disturbance after adjusting for age, sex, and antiepileptic drugs. We also performed sleep studies on six individuals with FOXG1 syndrome using The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and 7‐day data from Actiwatch. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 7‐day data from Actiwatch were also used to evaluate the sleep condition of their parents. The CSHQ scores revealed bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night‐waking, and parasomnia. Sleep–wake transition disorders and disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep were also suggested by the SDSC scores. The children's actigraphy revealed short sleep durations, impaired sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, and frequent night‐waking. All caregivers reported significantly higher PSQI scores, mildly declined sleep efficiency, and shorter total sleep duration. Sleep disturbances, especially in initiating and maintaining sleep, are common in individuals with FOXG1 syndrome and their caregivers. Sleep disorders in patients with FOXG1 syndrome and their caregivers should be investigated.