bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of children born to women with twin pregnancies treated with cervical pessary or vaginal progesterone: Follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tran Van T. T. , Nguyen Nghia A. , Nguyen Nam T. , Vo Thu T. M. , Uong Truong S. , Nguyen Hau T. , Nguyen Ngan T. , Pham Toan D. , Nguyen Minh H. N. , Vuong Lan N. , Mol Ben W. , Dang Vinh Q. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPreterm birth is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with twin pregnancies and a short cervical length are at high risk for preterm birth. Vaginal progesterone and cervical pessary have been proposed as potential strategies to reduce preterm birth in this high‐risk population. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone in improving developmental outcomes of children born to women with twin pregnancies and mid‐trimester short cervical length.Material and methodsThis was a follow‐up study (NCT04295187) of all children at 24 months of age, born from women treated with cervical pessary or progesterone to prevent preterm birth in a randomized controlled trial (NCT02623881). We used a validated Vietnamese version of Ages & Stages Third Edition Questionnaires (ASQ‐3) and a red flag questionnaire. In surviving children, we compared the mean ASQ‐3 scores, abnormal ASQ‐3 scores, the number of children with any abnormal ASQ‐3 scores and red flag signs between the two groups. We reported the composite outcome of perinatal death or survival with any abnormal ASQ‐3 score in offspring. These outcomes were also calculated in a subgroup of women with a cervical length ≤28 mm (<25th percentile).ResultsIn the original randomized controlled trial, we randomized 300 women to pessary or progesterone. After counting the number of perinatal deaths and lost to follow‐up, 82.8% parents in the pessary group and 82.5% parents in progesterone group returned the questionnaire. The mean ASQ‐3 scores of the five skills and red flag signs did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the percentage of children having abnormal ASQ‐3 scores in fine motor skills was significantly lower in the progesterone group (6.1% vs 1.3%, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the composite outcome of perinatal death or survival with any abnormal ASQ‐3 score in unselected women and in those with cervical length ≤28 mm.ConclusionsCervical pessary and vaginal progesterone may have comparable effects on developmental outcomes in children at ≥24 months of age, born to women with twin pregnancies and short cervical length. However, this finding could be likely due to a lack of study power.
The timing and quality of sleep was associated with dietary quality and anthropometry in toddlers born preterm
Authors: Yisahak Samrawit F. , Boone Kelly M. , Rausch Joseph , Keim Sarah A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to examine prospective associations of sleep characteristics (duration, timing, quality) with dietary and anthropometric measures among toddlers born preterm (<35 weeks).MethodsChildren participated in the Omega Tots trial at 10–17 months' corrected age (Ohio, USA; 26 April 2012 to 6 April 2017). Caregivers reported toddlers' sleep at baseline using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. After 180 days, caregivers reported toddlers' past month diet in a food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometry was measured using standardised protocols. The toddler diet quality index (TDQI: higher scores indicating better quality), and weight‐for‐length, triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold z‐scores were calculated. Linear and logistic regression assessed adjusted associations with dietary and anthropometric outcomes at 180‐day follow‐up (n = 284), and linear mixed models assessed changes in anthropometry.ResultsDaytime sleep was associated with lower TDQI (βadj per hour = −1.62 (95% CI: −2.71, −0.52)) whereas night‐time sleep was associated with higher TDQI (βadj = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.85)). Night‐time awakenings and caregiver‐reported sleep problems were also associated with lower TDQI. Night awakening duration and sleep‐onset latency were associated with higher triceps skinfold z‐score.ConclusionDaytime and night‐time caregiver‐reported sleep showed opposite associations with diet quality, suggesting that sleep timing may be important.
Circadian rhythm disruption in critically ill patients
Authors: Felten Matthias , Dame Christof , Lachmann Gunnar , Spies Claudia , Rubarth Kerstin , Balzer Felix , Kramer Achim , Witzenrath Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are in need of continuous organ replacement strategies and specialized care, for example because of neurological dysfunction, cardio‐pulmonary instability, liver or kidney failure, trauma, hemorrhagic or septic shock or even preterm birth. The 24‐h nursing and care interventions provided to critically ill patients significantly limit resting and/or recovery phases. Consecutively, the patient's endogenous circadian rhythms are misaligned and disrupted, which in turn may interfere with their critical condition. A more thorough understanding of the complex interactions of circadian effectors and tissue‐specific molecular clocks could therefore serve as potential means for enhancing personalized treatment in critically ill patients, conceivably restoring their circadian network and thus accelerating their physical and neurocognitive recovery. This review addresses the overarching issue of how circadian rhythms are affected and disturbed in critically ill newborns and adults in the ICU, and whether the conflicting external or environmental cues in the ICU environment further promote disruption and thus severity of illness. We direct special attention to the influence of cell‐type specific molecular clocks on with severity of organ dysfunctions such as severity of brain dysfunction, pneumonia‐ or ventilator‐associated lung inflammation, cardiovascular instability, liver and kidney failure, trauma, and septic shock. Finally, we address the potential of circadian rhythm stabilization to enhance and accelerate clinical recovery.
Simultaneous robotic distal gastrectomy and distal pancreatectomy: Avoiding total gastrectomy using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ito Sunao , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Seiya , Saito Masaki , Ueno Shuhei , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Okubo Tomotaka , Saito Kenta , Tanaka Tatsuya , Morimoto Mamoru , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Mitsui Akira , Kimura Masahiro , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRemnant gastric ischemia is the most significant complication in distal pancreatectomy (DP) after distal gastrectomy (DG). Some studies have reported the safety of asynchronous DP in patients who underwent DG. We report a case of simultaneous robotic DG and DP. A 78‐year‐old man was diagnosed with gastric and pancreatic cancer. We preoperatively confirmed the absence of anomalies in the left inferior phrenic artery. Robotic simultaneous DG and DP was performed; subtotal resection of the stomach was carried out, enabling the left inferior phrenic artery to maintain perfusion of the remnant stomach, even after ligation of the splenic artery. The remnant stomach was preserved as scheduled, and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging confirmed sufficient remnant stomach tissue perfusion. Robotic surgery using the da Vinci surgical system (with a fluorescence imaging system and technology enabling surgical precision) is suitable for this surgical procedure because it considers tumor radicality and allows for function preservation.
Fast‐tracking development and regulatory approval of COVID‐19 vaccines in the EU: A review of ethical implications
Authors: Beretta Giorgia , Marelli Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 worldwide has triggered intense activity in the field of biotechnology, leading to the development and regulatory approval of multiple COVID‐19 vaccines in less than 1 year while raising sustained scrutiny as to the ethical issues associated with this process. This article pursues a twofold objective. First, it reconstructs and provides a thorough overview of the different steps, from clinical trial design to regulatory procedures, underpinning the “fast‐tracking” of COVID‐19 vaccine R&D and approval. Second, drawing on a review of published literature, the article identifies, outlines, and analyzes the most ethically challenging aspects related to such process, including concerns around vaccine safety, issues in study design, the enrollment of study participants, and the challenges in obtaining valid informed consent. By scrutinizing relevant aspects of COVID‐19 vaccine development and regulatory processes leading to market authorization, this article ultimately aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory and ethical issues underpinning the roll‐out of this key pandemic‐containment technology worldwide.
Efficient and Flexible Estimation of Natural Direct and Indirect Effects under Intermediate Confounding and Monotonicity Constraints
Authors: Rudolph Kara E. , Williams Nicholas , Díaz Iván 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural direct and indirect effects are mediational estimands that decompose the average treatment effect and describe how outcomes would be affected by contrasting levels of a treatment through changes induced in mediator values (in the case of the indirect effect) or not through induced changes in the mediator values (in the case of the direct effect). Natural direct and indirect effects are not generally point-identified in the presence of a treatment-induced confounder; however, they may be identified if one is willing to assume monotonicity between the treatment and the treatment-induced confounder. We argue that this assumption may be reasonable in the relatively common encouragement-design trial setting, where the intervention is randomized treatment assignment and the treatment-induced confounder is whether or not treatment was actually taken/adhered to. We develop efficiency theory for the natural direct and indirect effects under this monotonicity assumption, and use it to propose a nonparametric, multiply robust estimator. We demonstrate the finite sample properties of this estimator using a simulation study, and apply it to data from the Moving to Opportunity Study to estimate the natural direct and indirect effects of being randomly assigned to receive a Section 8 housing voucher—the most common form of federal housing assistance—on risk developing any mood or externalizing disorder among adolescent boys, possibly operating through various school and community characteristics.
The link between computer use and job satisfaction: The mediating role of job tasks and task discretion
Authors: Minardi Saverio , Hornberg Carla , Barbieri Paolo , Solga Heike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the consequences of the use of computerized work equipment (hereafter: computer use) on the content and quality of work. It investigates, first, the relationship between computer use and both job tasks and task discretion and, second, their mediating role for the relationship between computer use and job satisfaction. With our German‐UK comparison, we contribute to the long‐standing debate on the upskilling/de‐skilling nature of the use of technology and its repercussions on the quality of work. We analyse data from the Skills and Employment Surveys for the UK and the BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys for Germany using structural equation modelling. In line with the literature on routine‐biased technological change, we show that computers are complementary to the performance of less routine and more abstract cognitive tasks and that this relationship is conducive to a higher level of task discretion and job satisfaction in both countries. Accounting for differences in job tasks performed, we find a negative direct effect of computer use on both task discretion and job satisfaction in the United Kingdom but not in Germany. Our results indicate that the ultimate effect of computer use on both task discretion and job satisfaction depends on the institutional contexts in which technology is introduced.
Honokiol, an inducer of sirtuin‐3, protects against non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced gastric mucosal mitochondrial pathology, apoptosis and inflammatory tissue injury
Authors: Debsharma Subhashis , Pramanik Saikat , Bindu Samik , Mazumder Somnath , Das Troyee , Saha Debanjan , De Rudranil , Nag Shiladitya , Banerjee Chinmoy , Siddiqui Asim Azhar , Ghosh Zhumur , Bandyopadhyay Uday 
Published: March 2023

Background and PurposeMitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis primarily underlie gastric mucosal injury caused by the widely used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Alternative gastroprotective strategies are therefore needed. Sirtuin‐3 pivotally maintains mitochondrial structural integrity and metabolism while preventing oxidative stress; however, its relevance to gastric injury was never explored. Here, we have investigated whether and how sirtuin‐3 stimulation by the phytochemical, honokiol, could rescue NSAID‐induced gastric injury.Experimental ApproachGastric injury in rats induced by indomethacin was used to assess the effects of honokiol. Next‐generation sequencing‐based transcriptomics followed by functional validation identified the gastroprotective function of sirtuin‐3. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were used measure effects on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, electron transport chain function, and markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Sirtuin‐3 deacetylase activity was also estimated and gastric luminal pH was measured.Key ResultsIndomethacin down‐regulated sirtuin‐3 to induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial hyperacetylation, 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 depletion, mitochondrial DNA damage, respiratory chain defect and mitochondrial fragmentation leading to severe mucosal injury. Indomethacin dose‐dependently inhibited sirtuin‐3 deacetylase activity. Honokiol prevented mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammatory tissue injury by attenuating indomethacin‐induced depletion of both sirtuin‐3 and its transcriptional regulators PGC1α and ERRα. Honokiol also accelerated gastric wound healing but did not alter gastric acid secretion, unlike lansoprazole.Conclusions and ImplicationsSirtuin‐3 stimulation by honokiol prevented and reversed NSAID‐induced gastric injury through maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Honokiol did not affect gastric acid secretion. Sirtuin‐3 stimulation by honokiol may be utilized as a mitochondria‐based, acid‐independent novel gastroprotective strategy against NSAIDs.
The association between home learning during COVID‐19 lockdowns and subsequent school attendance among children with neurodevelopmental conditions
Authors: Kouroupa Athanasia , Allard Amanda , Gray Kylie , Hastings Richard P. , Heyne David , Melvin Glenn A. , Tonge Bruce , Totsika Vasiliki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental conditions have high levels of school absence. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, schools closed for many students. The relationship between home learning during school closures and subsequent school attendance requires attention to better understand the impact of pandemic education policy decisions on this population. This study aims to investigate the association between home learning, hybrid learning and school learning during school closures (in January–March 2021) with subsequent school attendance (in May 2021) in children with neurodevelopmental conditions.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 809 parents/carers of 5‐ to 15‐year‐old autistic children and/or children with intellectual disability. Regression models examined the association of learning location during school closures with subsequent school absence (i.e., total days missed, persistent absence and school refusal).ResultsChildren who were learning from home during school closures later missed 4.6 days of a possible 19. Children in hybrid and school learning missed 2.4 and 1.6 school days, respectively. The rates of school absence and persistent absence were significantly higher in the home learning group even after adjusting for confounders. Learning location was not associated with subsequent school refusal.ConclusionsPolicies for school closures and learning from home during public health emergencies may exacerbate school attendance problems in this group of vulnerable children.
Tumour occurrence in women with Turner syndrome: A narrative review and single‐centre case series
Authors: Mathara Diddhenipothage Shani A. D. , Goindoo Ryan J. , Bragg Fiona , Orchard Elizabeth , Shears Deborah , Calanchini Matilde , Turner Helen E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPopulation studies suggest cancer morbidity may be different in Turner syndrome (TS) compared to the background female population. However, significant variability is observed in cancer associations likely due to heterogeneity in patient cohorts. We explored the prevalence and patterns of cancer amongst a cohort of women with TS attending a dedicated TS clinic.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the patient database was performed to identify TS women who developed cancer. Population data (available before 2015) from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service database were used for comparison.ResultsOut of 156 TS women, median age of 32 (range 18–73) years, 9 (5.8%) had a recorded cancer diagnosis. Types of cancers were, bilateral gonadoblastoma, type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumour (NET), appendiceal‐NET, gastrointestinal stromal tumour, plasma cell dyscrasia, synovial sarcoma, cervical cancer, medulloblastoma and aplastic anaemia. Median age at cancer diagnosis was 35 (range 7–58) years and two were detected incidentally. Five women had 45,X karyotype, three received growth hormone treatment and all except one received oestrogen replacement therapy. The cancer prevalence of the background age‐matched female population was 4.4%.ConclusionsWe confirm the previous observations that women with TS do not appear to be at overall increased risk of common malignancies. Our small cohort showed a spectrum of rare malignancies that are not typically associated with TS, except for a single patient with a gonadoblastoma. The slightly higher prevalence of cancer in our cohort might simply represent increased cancer prevalence in the background population, or might be related to small sample size and regular monitoring of these women due to TS per se.
Whole slide image‐based prediction of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer using unsupervised artificial intelligence
Authors: Takashina Yuki , Kudo Shin‐ei , Kouyama Yuta , Ichimasa Katsuro , Miyachi Hideyuki , Mori Yuichi , Kudo Toyoki , Maeda Yasuharu , Ogawa Yushi , Hayashi Takemasa , Wakamura Kunihiko , Enami Yuta , Sawada Naruhiko , Baba Toshiyuki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Ishida Fumio , Misawa Masashi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesLymph node metastasis (LNM) prediction for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for determining the need for surgery after endoscopic resection because LNM occurs in 10%. We aimed to develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI) system using whole slide images (WSIs) to predict LNM.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single center study. To train and test the AI model, we included LNM status‐confirmed T1 and T2 CRC between April 2001 and October 2021. These lesions were divided into two cohorts: training (T1 and T2) and testing (T1). WSIs were cropped into small patches and clustered by unsupervised K‐means. The percentage of patches belonging to each cluster was calculated from each WSI. Each cluster's percentage, sex, and tumor location were extracted and learned using the random forest algorithm. We calculated the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) to identify the LNM and the rate of over‐surgery of the AI model and the guidelines.ResultsThe training cohort contained 217 T1 and 268 T2 CRCs, while 100 T1 cases (LNM‐positivity 15%) were the test cohort. The AUC of the AI system for the test cohort was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.86), and 0.52 (95% CI 0.50–0.55) using the guidelines criteria (P = 0.0028). This AI model could reduce the 21% of over‐surgery compared to the guidelines.ConclusionWe developed a pathologist‐independent predictive model for LNM in T1 CRC using WSI for determination of the need for surgery after endoscopic resection.Trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046992, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053590).
Evaluation of a novel disposable esophagogastroduodenoscopy system in emergency, bedside, and intraoperative settings: Pilot study (with videos)
Authors: Han Ze‐Long , Lin Bi‐Tao , Wang Zhen‐Jiang , Chen Xiang , Xi Yi‐Yi , Wang Jun‐Fen , Qiao Wei‐Guang , Huang Ying , Lin Zhi‐Zhao , Huang Shao‐Hui , Chua Tiffany Y. , Liu Si‐De , Luo Xiao‐Bei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe disposable esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) system is a novel endoscopic device which is highly portable and is designed to eliminate the risk of cross‐infection caused by reusable EGD. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of disposable EGD in emergency, bedside, and intraoperative settings.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐center, noncomparative study. Disposable EGD was used for emergency, bedside, and intraoperative endoscopies in 30 patients. The primary end‐point was the technical success rate of the disposable EGD. Secondary end‐points included technical performance indicators including clinical operability, image quality score, procedure time, the incidence of device malfunction and/or failure, and the incidence of adverse events.ResultsA total of 30 patients underwent diagnosis and/or treatment with disposable EGD. Therapeutic EGD was performed on 13/30 patients, including hemostasis (n = 3), foreign body retrieval (n = 6), nasoenteric tube placement (n = 3), and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (n = 1). The technical success rate was 100%: all procedures and indicated interventions were completed without changing to a conventional upper endoscope. The mean image quality score obtained immediately after procedure completion was 3.72 ± 0.56. The mean (± SD) procedure time was 7.4 (± 7.6) min. There were no device malfunctions or failures, device‐related adverse events, or overall adverse events.ConclusionThe disposable EGD may be a feasible alternative to the traditional EGD in emergency, bedside, and intraoperative settings. Preliminary data show that it is a safe and effective tool for diagnosis and treatment in emergency and bedside upper gastrointestinal cases.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ChiCTR2100051452, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=134284).