bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-supervised learning of hologram reconstruction using physics consistency
Authors: Huang Luzhe , Chen Hanlong , Liu Tairan , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExisting applications of deep learning in computational imaging and microscopy mostly depend on supervised learning, requiring large-scale, diverse and labelled training data. The acquisition and preparation of such training image datasets is often laborious and costly, leading to limited generalization to new sample types. Here we report a self-supervised learning model, termed GedankenNet, that eliminates the need for labelled or experimental training data, and demonstrate its effectiveness and superior generalization on hologram reconstruction tasks. Without prior knowledge about the sample types, the self-supervised learning model was trained using a physics-consistency loss and artificial random images synthetically generated without any experiments or resemblance to real-world samples. After its self-supervised training, GedankenNet successfully generalized to experimental holograms of unseen biological samples, reconstructing the phase and amplitude images of different types of object using experimentally acquired holograms. Without access to experimental data, knowledge of real samples or their spatial features, GedankenNet achieved complex-valued image reconstructions consistent with the wave equation in free space. The GedankenNet framework also shows resilience to random, unknown perturbations in the physical forward model, including changes in the hologram distances, pixel size and illumination wavelength. This self-supervised learning of image reconstruction creates new opportunities for solving inverse problems in holography, microscopy and computational imaging.
Assessment of left ventricular tissue mitochondrial bioenergetics in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Jones Richard E. , Gruszczyk Anja V. , Schmidt Christina , Hammersley Daniel J. , Mach Lukas , Lee Michael , Wong Joyce , Yang Ming , Hatipoglu Suzan , Lota Amrit S. , Barnett Sam N. , Toscano-Rivalta Rebecca , Owen Ruth , Raja Shahzad , De Robertis Fabio , Smail Hassiba , De-Souza Anthony , Stock Ulrich , Kellman Peter , Griffin Julian , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Martin Jack L. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Vazir Ali , Cleland John G. F. , Pennell Dudley J. , Bhudia Sunil K. , Halliday Brian P. , Noseda Michela , Frezza Christian , Murphy Michael P. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecurrent myocardial ischemia can lead to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this observational cohort study, we assessed for chronic metabolomic and transcriptomic adaptations within LV myocardium of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. During surgery, paired transmural LV biopsies were acquired on the beating heart from regions with and without evidence of inducible ischemia on preoperative stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance. From 33 patients, 63 biopsies were acquired, compared to analysis of LV samples from 11 donor hearts. The global myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP):adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio was reduced in patients with CAD as compared to donor LV tissue, with increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes encoding the electron transport chain complexes across multiple cell types. Paired analyses of biopsies obtained from LV segments with or without inducible ischemia revealed no significant difference in the ATP:ADP ratio, broader metabolic profile or expression of ventricular cardiomyocyte genes implicated in OXPHOS. Differential metabolite analysis suggested dysregulation of several intermediates in patients with reduced LV ejection fraction, including succinate. Overall, our results suggest that viable myocardium in patients with stable CAD has global alterations in bioenergetic and transcriptional profile without large regional differences between areas with or without inducible ischemia.
Building climate resilience, social sustainability and equity in global fisheries
Authors: Prellezo Raul , Da-Rocha José María , Palomares Maria L. D. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Villasante Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough the Paris Agreement establishes targets to limit global warming—including carbon market mechanisms—little research has been done on developing operational tools to achieve them. To cover this gap, we use CO2 permit markets towards a market-based solutions (MBS) scheme to implement blue carbon climate targets for global fisheries. The scheme creates a scarcity value for the right to not sequester blue carbon, generating an asset of carbon sequestration allowances based on historical landings, which are considered initial allowances. We use the scheme to identify fishing activities that could be reduced because they are biologically negative, economically inefficient, and socially unequitable. We compute the annual willingness to sequester carbon considering the CO2e trading price for 2022 and the social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), for years 2025, 2030 and 2050. The application of the MBS scheme will result in 0.122 Gt CO2e sequestered or US$66 billion of potential benefits per year when considering 2050 SC-CO2. The latter also implies that if CO2e trading prices reach the 2050 social cost of carbon, around 75% of the landings worldwide would be more valuable as carbon than as foodstuff in the market. Our findings provide the global economy and policymakers with an alternative for the fisheries sector, which grapples with the complexity to find alternatives to reallocate invested capital. They also provide a potential solution to make climate resilience, social sustainability and equity of global fisheries real, scientific and practical for a wide range of social-ecological and political contexts.
Structural evolution, charge transfer and bonding properties of medium-sized atomic rubidium-doped boron clusters
Authors: Gao Jia Hui , Hu Yan Fei , Li Qing Yang , Wang Qian , Wang Ying Ying , Liu Ting , Huang Teng Xing 
Published: August 2023

In this work, the bonding properties of B8Rb2 cluster were characterized by molecular orbitals and bonding order. The electrostatic potentials of the clusters were also analyzed, and the interaction of particles between the alkali metal orbitals and the boron backbone was found.
Fluoroarylation ofgem-difluorostyrenes through a Pd-catalysed aryl C–H bond activation cascade
Authors: Chen Lei , Pu Jun , Ye Peng , Wang Shuang , Mao Yang-Jie , Xu Zhen-Yuan , Lou Shao-Jie , Xu Dan-Qian 
Published: August 2023

A novel fluoroarylation of gem-difluorostyrenes with AgF and (hetero)arenes through a Pd(ii)-catalysed C(aryl)–H activation cascade was developed, constituting an efficient method to access CF3-substituted fluorenes and 1,1-diarylmethanes.
DC‐side stability analysis of grid‐tied converter with different control modes based on electrical torque analysis
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Yujun , Li Jiapeng , Wu Ting , Yang Songhao , Hao Zhiguo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe DC‐side stability of the grid‐tied converter under different control modes is fully investigated using electrical torque analysis. The small‐signal model of a single converter connected to an ideal DC bus under various control modes is formulated. Accordingly, the damping and synchronising coefficient contributed by the DC network and controllers of grid‐tied converter are separately accessed using the electrical torque analysis method and the stabilising conditions of the grid‐tied converter operating under different control modes are further derived. The system stability mainly corresponds with DC network dynamics under constant active power control mode. On the contrary, the grid‐tied converter under constant DC‐link voltage control mode has no stability problem. Generally, elevating the DC‐link capacitance or decreasing the droop gain can greatly improve the stability margin reserve of the VSC‐HVDC links. In addition, the control gains of the classical PQ controller are proven to have limited impacts on DC‐side system stability. Finally, the results of numerical simulation prove the validity of the proposed stability analysis method and the stable boundary for the grid‐tied converter with different control modes.
The mechanisms of enhanced thickness‐dependent DC breakdown strength of EP/MWCNTs nanocomposites
Authors: Li Zhen , Gao He , Zhang Longfei , Wang Shouming , Liu Ji , Li Shengtao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOwing to advanced power electronic and electrical applications developing towards miniaturisation and integration, the thickness‐dependent DC breakdown mechanism of epoxy/multiwall‐carbon‐nanotube nanocomposites is under investigation. The results indicate that the breakdown strength of nanocomposites containing 0.05 wt% multiwall‐carbon‐nanotubes rises by ∼18%, and the breakdown strength falls exponentially with increasing thickness. To clarify the microscopic mechanism, a simulation model of DC breakdown, including carriers transport and segmental dynamics, is developed, and the accordant simulation results with experimental results indicate that the thickness‐dependent DC breakdown of epoxy/multiwall‐carbon‐nanotube nanocomposites is determined both by segment chain dynamics and charge transport. According to the breakdown model analysis, the effects of multiwall‐carbon‐nanotube on enhanced breakdown strength are caused by the increased amount of deep traps in the interfacial region, while the influence of thickness is attributed to the enlarged segment chain displacement and electric field distortion as the voltage raising time increases.
A lightweight deep learning model for real‐time face recognition
Authors: Deng Zong‐Yue , Chiang Hsin‐Han , Kang Li‐Wei , Li Hsiao‐Chi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLightweight deep learning models for face recognition are becoming increasingly crucial for deployment on resource‐constrained devices such as embedded systems or mobile devices. This paper presents a highly efficient and compact deep learning (DL) model that achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on various face recognition benchmarks. The developed DL model employs one‐ or few‐shot learning to obtain effective feature embeddings and draws inspiration from FaceNet with significant refinements to achieve a memory size of only 3.5 MB—about 30 times smaller than FaceNet—while maintaining high accuracy and real‐time performance. The study demonstrates the model's effectiveness through extensive experiments, which include testing on public datasets and the model's ability to recognize occluded faces in uncontrolled environments using grayscale input images. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art lightweight models, the proposed model requires fewer FLOPs (0.06G), has a smaller number of parameters (1.2 M), and occupies a smaller model size (3.5 MB) while achieving a competitive level of recognition accuracy and real‐time performance. The results show that the model is well‐suited for deployment in embedded domains, including live entrance security checks, driver authorization, and in‐class attendance systems. The entire code of FN8 is available on GitHub.
An improved coupled inductor‐based quadratic step‐up DC–DC converter with a high step‐up factor and reduced voltage overshoot on the power switch
Authors: Izadi Mahnaz , Mosallanejad Ali , Eshkevari Alireza Lahooti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost coupled inductor‐based step‐up DC–DC converters encounter a significant voltage overshoot on their power switch due to the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. So, they need additional bulky snubber circuits or a sophisticated procedure for coupled inductor design to reduce that effect. This paper proposes an improved coupled inductor‐based DC–DC converter, which provides a high quadratic voltage conversion ratio without excessive voltage stresses on the power switch. An active clamp circuit that operates with the zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) feature has been utilized for this aim. This feature allows the main power switch to be selected from low voltage ratings and low on‐resistance MOSFETs, which reduces conduction loss. The topology also benefits from continuous input current, high gain, high efficiency, and an appropriate number of components compared with the produced gain. In this article, the theory and operation of this converter are described by proposing the dc and small‐signal models, loss model, and continuous and discontinuous current modes (CCM and DCM) relations. Experimental results are represented to evaluate the performance of the proposed topology. For this purpose, a 240 V/240 W prototype has been designed and fabricated. Results confirm the above claims.
Deriving physical parameters of unresolved star clusters
Authors: Kriščiūnas Eimantas , Daugevičius Karolis , Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas 
Published: August 2023

Context. This work is the seventh study in a series dedicated to investigating degeneracies of simultaneous age, mass, extinction, and metallicity determinations of partially resolved or unresolved star clusters with Hubble Space Telescope broadband aperture photometry. In the sixth work (hereafter, Paper I), it was demonstrated that the adaptive aperture photometry, performed to avoid the majority of the projected foreground and background stars falling within the apertures, gives more consistent colour indices for star clusters.
Aims. In this study, we aim to supplement the homogeneous multi-colour aperture photometry results published in Paper I and provide a complete M 31 Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey star cluster photometry catalogue for further analysis.
Methods. Following Paper I, we used a two-aperture approach for photometry. The first aperture is the standard one used to measure total cluster fluxes. The second (smaller) aperture is introduced to avoid the bright foreground and background stars projecting onto the clusters. We selected the radii of smaller apertures to be larger than the half-light radii of the clusters.
Results. We present the second part of the star cluster aperture photometry catalogues for a sample of 1477 star clusters from the M 31 PHAT survey not covered in Paper I. Compared to the M 31 PHAT star cluster aperture photometry catalogue published by Johnson et al., adjustments were made to the cluster centre coordinates, aperture sizes, and sky background levels.
Study of the physico-chemical characteristics of reinforced composite polymer materials
Authors: Khalimov Shukhrat , Nishonov Farkhodkhon , Begmatov Dilmurod , Wani Mohammad Farooq , Ziyamukhamedova Umida 
Published: August 2023

One of the important properties of reinforced composite polymer materials is their physico-chemical properties. Their structure plays an important role in assessing the physico-chemical properties of composite materials. Research objectives - to study the physico-chemical properties of high-strength polymer composite materials.
Experiments were carried out at 100 and 400-fold magnification in an optical microscope to study the morphology and structural changes of various parts of high-strength polymer composite materials with a polymer binder - ED-20 and nitrone fibers. IR spectroscopic studies were also carried out to study the interaction of nitron fibers with an epoxy binder - ED-20 during the formation of high-strength polymer composite materials. The data obtained in the study of various sections of polymer composites revealed a linear structure characteristic of nitron fibers coated on all sides with a polymer binder - ED-20, and structural changes in morphology at 100 and 400-fold magnification. Infrared spectral studies showed that the intermolecular interaction between hydroxyl and amide groups was established as a result of the interaction of the nitrile groups of the nitrone fiber and ED-20 with PEPA. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the developed composite materials based on epoxy binders with nitrone fibers can be considered as a new class of composite materials designed to operate under high stress conditions.
Editorial
Authors: Hollmann Michael , Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank 
Published: August 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,In den letzten Monaten hat die Öffentlichkeit stark über die
Leistungsfähigkeit zukunftsweisender Systeme gestaunt und diskutiert.
Anwendungen wie Chat GPT und Dall-E, die künstliche Intelligenz in alle
Ebenen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens bringen, sind dabei nur die offensichtlichen
Glanzlichter. Auch im Gesundheitswesen hat man sich mittlerweile mit dem digitalen
Versorgungsgesetz und den nicht unlängst durch das
Bundesgesundheitsministerium angekündigten Aktivitäten zur ePA
(elektronische Patientenakte) oder sogar einer digitalen Form von Disease Management
Programmen zugunsten einer digitalen und innovativen Zukunft positioniert. Dieser
Schritt ist wichtig und, wenn man ihn im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern der
Welt sieht, höchst überfällig.
Empfehlungen zur Sonografieausbildung in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin (pPOCUS): Konsensuspapier von DGINA, DGAI, BAND, BV-ÄLRD, DGU, DIVI und DGIIN
Authors: Michels Guido , Greim Clemens-Alexander , Krohn Alexander , Ott Matthias , Feuerstein Doreen , Möckel Martin , Fuchs Nikola , Friemert Benedikt , Wolfrum Sebastian , Kiefl Daniel , Bernhard Michael , Reifferscheid Florian , Bathe Janina , Walcher Felix , Dietrich Christoph F. , Lechleuthner Alexander , Busch Hans-Jörg , Sauer Dorothea 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Point-of-Care-Sonografie ist in der Akut- und Notfallmedizin ein fester Bestandteil der Diagnostik und Therapieeinleitung von kritisch kranken und verletzten Patienten. Während die Notfallsonografie im Rahmen der Zusatzweiterbildung für klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin vorausgesetzt wird, wird diese für die prähospitale Notfallmedizin lediglich im (Muster-)Kursbuch Allgemeine und spezielle Notfallbehandlung als Weiterbildungsinhalt definiert. Obwohl einige Fachgesellschaften in Deutschland bereits eigene Lernkonzepte für die Notfallsonografie etabliert haben, fehlt bis dato ein einheitliches nationales Ausbildungskonzept für den Einsatz der Notfallsonografie im prähospitalem Umfeld. Experten mehrerer Fachgesellschaften haben daher als Empfehlung für die notfallmedizinische Weiterbildung ein Kurskonzept für die spezielle Ausbildung in der prähospitalen Notfallsonografie erarbeitet, welche gleichermaßen zu deren Qualitätssicherung beitragen soll.
Was will die MFA?
Authors: Scheerbaum Petra , Scheerbaum Martin , Schöffski Oliver 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Obwohl in Deutschland jede sechste Berufsanfängerin
eines Ausbildungsberufes die Anstellung als Medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA)
verfolgt, existieren bislang keine hinreichenden Daten zu ihren
Wünschen. Dies möchten wir mit unserer Untersuchung
ändern.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer regionalen digitalen Umfrage wurden MFA in den
ambulanten Praxen in Mittelfranken und Oberfranken zu ihren Wünschen und
Präferenzen im Berufsalltag befragt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt sind die MFA mit ihrem Arbeitsplatz und mit dem
Umgang mit Patienten sehr zufrieden. Eine geringere Zustimmung bekamen die
Bereiche Kommunikation im Team, das Führungsverhalten sowie die
Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Praxisinhaber sollten mehr Kommunikation mit ihren
MFA betreiben. Dabei sollten Entscheidungen sowie
Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten transparent besprochen werden.
Divergent Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2,6-Disubstituted Tetrahydropyran-Containing Natural Products: Parvistone E, Goniothalesdiol A, 6-epi-Goniothalesdiol A, and 8-epi-9-Deoxygoniopypyrone
Authors: Xie Xinni , Liu Jun , Zhao Ziyang , Pan Ruiying , Lv Qingwei , Du Yuguo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-goniothalesdiol A and (–)-parvistone E (leiocarpin A), as well as the first total syntheses of (–)-6-epi-goniothalesdiol A and (–)-8-epi-9-deoxygoniopypyrone acetate, have been achieved in four or five longest linear steps based on the chiron approach. The potential biological activities of four 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyran-containing natural products were explored based on a panel of human cancer cell lines, BV-2 microglia and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results indicate that these four natural products display significant adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but do not have clear effects on cancer cell proliferation or LPS stimulated microglia activation.
C-5 Epimerisation of d-Mannopyranosyl Fluorides: The Influence of Anomeric Configuration on Radical Reactivity
Authors: Ferro Vito , See Nicholas W. , Pierens Gregory K. , Krenske Elizabeth H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fluorine-directing effect has so far been exploited to provide short and efficient synthetic routes to rare l-ido sugars. However, the importance of anomeric configuration to its success has remained experimentally unverified. We now report on the synthesis of α- and β-configured per-O-benzoylated mannopyranosyl fluorides and initially show that their reactivity towards photo-bromination is strongly dependent on the anomeric configuration. The stereochemical basis of the fluorine-directing effect is then validated by revealing the striking difference in stereoselectivity observed for the free-radical reductions of the isolated 5-C-bromo sugars. This work importantly provides a synthetic route to a donor-functionalised derivative of l-gulose and reveals new insights into the behaviour of glycosyl radicals.
Nationwide Analysis of the Outcomes and Mortality of Hospitalized Infants with Concomitant Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Krishnan Parvathy , Malik Aaqib , Isath Ameesh , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Goel Akshay , Parton Lance , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: August 2023

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generally causes milder illness in the pediatric population. However, infants represent a higher-risk population with evolving symptomatology and severity. There is a paucity of large population-based data on the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalized infants.
Study Design In this large cohort study, the National Inpatient Sample database was queried for all infant hospital admissions between January and December 2020 in the United States, with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on ICD-10-CM U07. The mortality and morbidity of infants with and without COVID-19 were evaluated. Parent-reported race and outcomes were also analyzed.
Results A weighted total of 3,754,236 infants who were hospitalized were identified, of which 4,265 patients (0.11%) had a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19. Infants with COVID-19 had similar mortality and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization. Infants with concomitant COVID-19 had a higher rate of respiratory failure, congestive heart failure, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy. Compared with Caucasian infants and Asian infants, Hispanic and African American infants were more likely to have COVID-19 hospital admissions than hospitalizations without COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients with lower median household income represented the majority of the COVID-19 hospitalization. The infants with COVID-19 were more likely to have Medicaid or Medicare insurance and less likely to have private insurance.
Conclusion In this large cohort of hospitalized infants with COVID-19, the infection was associated with complications, including respiratory failure and endotracheal intubations but not associated with a higher risk for mortality. Infants from racial minorities and lower socioeconomic strata carry the highest burden of COVID-19 infection.
Key Points