bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Studies on Programmed C―O/C―H Activation with Valence‐Adjusted Ti‐Complexes
Authors: Xie Si‐Jun , Cui Yun‐Shu , Huang Yi‐Fei , Liu Feng , Zhai Dan‐Dan , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummaryTwo‐electron reduction of [N2NBn]TiIVCl2 (3) gave a highly reactive [N2N]TiII species, which underwent C—O bond activation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) to generate [N2NBn]TiIV[O(CH2)4] (4) through oxidative addition. The resulted TiIV–Csp3 bond in oxametallacyclohexane was tantamount to the elaborately‐designed Ti‐alkyl complexes, competent to activate intramolecular Csp2–H bond, forming ortho‐cyclometalated complex [N2NCH2C6H4]TiIV(OnBu) (5). Key intermediates were isolated and fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Mechanistic studies revealed that the oxidative addition of C—O bond took place at TiII‐center via a radical intermediate, while a Csp2–H bond activation proceeded by σ‐bond metathesis with a kitelike four‐centered TiIV‐transition state.
Keratinocytic skin cancers—Update on the molecular biology
Authors: Win Thet Su , Tsao Hensin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough much attention has been devoted to a detailed genomic exposition of cutaneous melanoma, other nonmelanoma skin cancers have also recently been subjected to similar analytical scrutiny. Chief among these are the most common malignancies worldwide: basal cell carcinomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. In this review, the authors summarize their latest knowledge about the molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities attendant to these keratinocytic skin cancers.Plain Language Summary

The most common cancers in the United States arise from skin cells called keratinocytes.

Although these tumors are not formally tracked by the National Cancer Institute, it is estimated that there are millions of skin cancers called basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

This article reviews the current recent genetic insights into these tumors and therapeutic opportunities.
Visible‐Light‐Active Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes with 1 V of Open‐Circuit Voltage for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Singh Amrita , Kumar Singh Ambarish , Dixit Ruchi , Vanka Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam , Nithyanandhan Jayaraj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of alkyl‐group‐functionalized, aniline‐ and indoline‐donor‐based, unsymmetrical visible‐light‐active squaraine dyes, AM1‐3, were designed and synthesized. Dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices were fabricated with both I−/I3− and [Cu(tmby)2]+/2+ electrolytes. DSSC devices sensitized with the AM1 and AM2 dyes showed relatively high‐power conversion efficiency of 7.44 % and 7.22 %, respectively with I−/I3− in the absence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) than those of the AM3 dye (5.41 %). The [Cu(tmby)2]+/2+ electrolyte along with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as cathode material showed excellent open‐circuit potentials (VOC) of 1030, 1025, and 1001 mV with the DSSC efficiency of 8.05 %, 7.96 %, and 5.84 %, respectively, for the AM1, AM2, and AM3 dyes in the absence of CDCA. Here, the AM1 dye exhibited the maximum DSSC efficiency of 8.05 % and VOC of 1030 mV, which is the highest obtained efficiency and VOC for the visible‐light active zwitterionic unsymmetrical‐squaraine dye with copper‐based electrolyte.
Intensive management simultaneously reduces yield gaps and improves milling and baking properties of bread wheat
Authors: Raj Anu Suprabha , Siliveru Kaliramesh , McLean Reuben , Prasad Pagadala V. Vara , Lollato Romulo P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenotype (G), environment (E), management (M), and their interactions determine grain yield, biochemical composition, and quality of wheat. However, we are not aware of studies evaluating whether intensive management can simultaneously reduce yield gaps and improve wheat milling and baking attributes, which were our main objectives. A factorial experiment of five genotypes × four management intensities (farmer practice, high‐input, high‐input minus nitrogen, and high‐input minus fungicide) was conducted in six Kansas (United States) environments resulting from the combination of four locations and three seasons. Grain yield and 13 parameters characterizing the grain (test weight [TWT], thousand kernel weight [TKW], grain protein [GP]), flour (e.g., ash, protein), dough (e.g., water absorption [WA], dough stability [DS]), and baking qualities (loaf volume [LV]) were measured. For most variables, the primary contributor of the variance was E while M and G were secondary and tertiary contributors, except for LV in which G was a larger moderator. High input practices increased yield (4206 kg ha−1) compared to farmer practice (3347 kg ha−1) suggesting a yield gap of 859 kg ha−1. Management intensities receiving foliar fungicides improved grain properties related to milling characteristics (i.e., TKW and TWT), while management intensities receiving more nitrogen improved baking characteristics (e.g., WA and DS). Across sources of variation, yield response to improved management associated positively with the responses of TKW, TWT, and in some cases, GP, and WA. Our results showed the possibility of simultaneously improving grain yield and selected milling and baking attributes of bread wheat genotypes through intensive management.
Research on in situ stress inversion of deep‐buried tunnel based on pressure/tension axis mechanism and geological structure
Authors: Chen Guanfu , Liu Xiaoli , Song Danqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe investigation of the in situ stress distribution has always been a key condition for engineering design of deep tunnels and analysis of surrounding rock stability. In this paper, a comprehensive judgment method coupled with pressure/tension (P/T) axis mechanism and geological structure is proposed to invert the in situ stress in the Duoxiongla tunnel in Tibet. In the process of TBM tunnel excavation, 3887 groups of microseismic events were collected by means of microseismic monitoring technology. By studying the temporal and spatial distribution of 3887 groups of microseismic events, 42 groups of microseismic data were selected for in situ stress inversion. Then the focal mechanisms of 42 groups of microseisms were inverted. Combined with the analysis of the previous geological survey, the inversion results of the in situ stress were analyzed. According to the focal mechanism of the tunnel area, the linear in situ stress inversion method was used to invert the in situ stress in the source area. Finally, according to the PTGS (pressure/tension axis mechanism and geological structure) comprehensive judgment method proposed in this paper, the in situ stress of the tunnel microseismic region was determined. The results show that there are mainly three groups of fissures and joint surfaces in the tunnel area, and the in situ stress is dominated by the horizontal tectonic stress; the main driving force of the rupture surface in the excavation process of Duoxiongla tunnel is the horizontal tectonic stress; the distribution of the maximum and minimum principal stress obtained by the inversion is consistent with the distribution of the P/T axis; combined with the linear in situ stress inversion method and the comprehensive judgment of PTGS, the azimuth and dip angles of the three principal stresses are finally determined as N90.71°E, 4.06°, N5.35°W, 3.06°, and N8.10W, 85.32°, respectively. The study verifies the feasibility of microseismic inversion of in situ stress.
Energy‐based analysis of seismic damage mechanism of multi‐anchor piles in tunnel crossing landslide area
Authors: Wei Hong , Wu Honggang , Ren Guojun , Tang Lin , Feng Kang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo study the damage mechanism of multi‐anchor piles in tunnel crossing landslide area under earthquake, the damping performance of multi‐anchor piles was discussed. The energy dissipation springs were used as the optimization device of the anchor head to carry out the shaking table comparison test on the reinforced slope. The Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum were proposed to analyze the seismic damage mechanism of the multi‐anchor piles, and the peak Fourier spectrum amplitude (PFSA) was used to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the seismic energy is concentrated in the high‐frequency component (30–40 Hz) of the Hilbert spectrum and the low‐frequency component (12–30 Hz) of the marginal spectrum. This indicates that they can be combined with the distribution law of the PFSA to identify the overall and local dynamic responses of the multi‐anchored piles, respectively. The stretchable deformation of the energy‐dissipation springs improves the coordination of the multi‐anchor piles, resulting in better pile integrity. The damage mechanism of the multi‐anchor piles is elucidated based on the energy method: local damage at the top and middle areas of the multi‐anchor piles is mainly caused by the low‐frequency component (12–30 Hz) of the marginal spectrum under the action of 0.15g and 0.20g seismic intensities. As the seismic intensity increases to 0.30g, the dynamic response of the slope is further amplified by the high‐frequency component (30–40 Hz) of the Hilbert energy spectrum, which leads to the overall damage of the multi‐anchor piles.
Multistate model to estimate sex‐specific dispersal rates and distances for a wetland‐breeding amphibian population
Authors: Davis Courtney L. , Muñoz David J. , Amburgey Staci M. , Dinsmore Carli R. , Teitsworth Eric W. , Miller David A. W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow animals move across space and time in heterogeneous landscapes has important implications for the conservation of imperiled and dispersal‐limited taxa, such as amphibians. Wetland‐breeding amphibians are thought to exhibit strong site fidelity, but there is growing evidence that many species are more vagile than previously assumed. Few studies have quantified breeding dispersal probabilities or distances while also accounting for observational uncertainty, which means that resultant estimates could be biased or confounded with sampling intensity and other demographic rates (e.g., site‐ and time‐specific detection and survival probabilities). Here, we analyze data from a 6‐year capture–mark–recapture study on adult spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) conducted at 12 wetlands in central Pennsylvania to estimate population dynamics and population structure at multiple scales. We used a multistate, hidden Markov estimator to quantify sex‐specific site fidelity and breeding dispersal as a function of Euclidean distance between wetlands while accounting for imperfect detection. We estimated short‐timescale movements (i.e., those that occur within a single breeding season) and longer timescale movements (i.e., those that occur among breeding seasons) to determine if dispersal rates and distances differed. We found that interannual site fidelity of males varied among wetlands and was positively associated with population density. Females exhibited higher interannual site fidelity and dispersed further than males between breeding seasons. Within breeding seasons, we found that up to 6% of males dispersed to a new wetland each day. Our study is the first to directly compare amphibian breeding dispersal probabilities and distances at multiple scales and provides a robust framework for improving inference on the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian movement.
Nest‐site selection model for endangered Everglade snail kites to inform ecosystem restoration
Authors: Benscoter Allison M. , D'Acunto Laura E. , Haider Saira M. , Fletcher Robert J. , Romañach Stephanie S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe once vast and interconnected Everglades wetland ecosystem in Florida underwent a 50% reduction in area in the 1900s, resulting in a highly compartmentalized and managed system where ecological restoration is ongoing. Everglade snail kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus, hereafter snail kites) are federally endangered wetland specialists with a single population in Florida, USA. Predictive models can help inform restoration and natural resource management decision‐making regarding both the quantity and timing of water delivered through the hundreds of water management structures in the Everglades. We developed a spatially explicit real‐time nest‐site selection model, KiteNest, using environmental predictors of nesting for snail kites in south Florida. The results of our modeling indicate that hydrology, percent canopy cover, and proximity to recently burned areas were the most important factors associated with nest‐site selection for snail kites. Water depths between 75 and 100 cm, water recession rates between 0 and 1.25 cm/day, percent canopy covers <20%, and areas <10 km from recently burned habitat were associated with the greatest likelihood of nest‐site selection. KiteNest is applicable to natural resource management decisions in the Everglades and may be useful independently or in conjunction with other ecological models for restoration decision support.
Cascading benefits of mutualists' predators on foundation species: A model inspired by coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Moeller Holly V. , Nisbet Roger M. , Stier Adrian C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultispecies mutualisms are embedded in a network of interactions that include predation, yet the effects of predation on mutualism function have not been well integrated into mutualism theory. Where predators have been considered, the common prediction is that predators reduce mutualist abundance and, as a consequence, decrease service provision. Here, we use a mathematical model of a predatory fish that consumes two competing coral mutualists to show that predators can also have indirect positive effects on hosts when they preferentially consume competitively dominant mutualists that are also lower in quality. In these cases, predation reverses the outcome of competition, allowing the higher quality mutualist to dominate and enhancing host performance. The direction and strength of predator effects depend on asymmetries in mutualist competition, service provision, and predation vulnerability. Our findings suggest that when the strength of predation shifts (e.g., due to exploitative harvest of top predators, introduction of new species, or range shifts in response to climate change), mutualist communities will exhibit dynamic responses with nonmonotonic effects on host service provision.
Responses of nutrient resorption to interannual precipitation variability and nitrogen addition in a pine plantation
Authors: Liu Li , Zhao Qiong , Zheng Lin‐Lin , Zeng De‐Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant nutrient concentration and resorption play a major role in determining primary production and development of forests. Yet how plant nutrient concentration and resorption respond to altered interannual precipitation and how interannual precipitation variability mediates the responses of plant nutrient concentration and resorption to N addition remain uncertain. Here, we examined the responses of needle nutrient (N and P) concentrations of all aged classes, nutrient resorption efficiency, and proficiency to N addition (10 g N m−2 year−1) over a 4‐year period (from 2016 to 2019) that experienced high variability in precipitation in a Mongolian pine plantation in a semiarid region of northeast China. There were significant interannual variations in N and P concentrations in all aged needles and litters, N and P resorption efficiency, as well as soil inorganic N and available P concentrations in the control plots. Increased precipitation resulted in increased needle nutrient concentrations across the four consecutive years. However, needle nutrient concentrations did not covary with soil available nutrients. The responses of needle N resorption efficiency (NRE) to N addition differed across the four years, with N addition decreasing NRE in wet years, but not in dry years. Taken together, our results showed that foliar nutrient concentrations are sensitive to altered annual precipitation and that different interaction effects exist between N addition and sampling year for different nutrient variables. Such differential responses highlight the challenge of predicting effects of N addition on nutrient cycling over temporal scales.
High‐severity burned area and proportion exceed historic conditions in Sierra Nevada, California, and adjacent ranges
Authors: Williams J. N. , Safford H. D. , Enstice N. , Steel Z. L. , Paulson A. K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough fire is a fundamental ecological process in western North American forests, climate warming and accumulating forest fuels due to fire suppression have led to wildfires that burn at high severity across larger fractions of their footprint than were historically typical. These trends have spiked upwards in recent years and are particularly pronounced in the Sierra Nevada–Southern Cascades ecoregion of California, USA, and neighboring states. We assessed annual area burned (AAB) and percentage of area burned at high and low‐to‐moderate severity for seven major forest types in this region from 1984 to 2020. We compared values for this period against estimates for the pre‐Euro‐American settlement (EAS) period prior to 1850 and against a previous study of trends from 1984 to 2009. Our results show that the total average AAB remained below pre‐EAS levels, but that gap is decreasing (i.e., ~14% of pre‐EAS for 1984–2009, but 39% for 2010–2020 [including ~150% in 2020]). Although the average AAB has remained low compared with pre‐EAS, both the average annual area burned at high severity (AAHS) and the percentage of wildfire area burned at high severity have increased rapidly. The percentage of area burned at high severity, which was already above pre‐EAS average for the 1984–2009 period, has continued to rise for five of seven forest types. Notably, between 2010 and 2020, the average AAHS exceeded the pre‐EAS average for the first time on record. By contrast, the percentage of area that burned at low‐to‐moderate severity decreased, particularly in the lower elevation oak and mixed conifer forest types. These findings underline how forests historically adapted to frequent low‐to‐moderate severity fire are being reshaped by novel proportions and extents of high‐severity burning. The shift toward a high‐severity‐dominated fire regime is associated with ecological disruptions, including changes in forest structure, species composition, carbon storage, wildlife habitat, ecosystem services, and resilience. Our results underscore the importance of finding a better balance between the current management focus on fire suppression and one that puts greater emphasis on proactive fuel reduction and increased forest resilience to climate change and ecological disturbance.
Directed Dehydration of Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O Generates the New Compound Na4Sn2S6: Crystal Structure and Selected Properties
Authors: Benkada Assma , Hartmann Felix , Poschmann Michael , Indris Sylvio , Lühmann Henning , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe new thiostannate Na4Sn2S6 was prepared by directed crystal water removal from the hydrate Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O at moderate temperatures. While the structure of the hydrate comprises isolated [Sn2S6]4− anions, that of the anhydrate contains linear chains composed of corner‐sharing SnS4 tetrahedra, a structural motif not known in thiostannate chemistry. This structural rearrangement requires bond‐breakage in the [Sn2S6]4− anion, movements of the fragments of the opened [Sn2S6]4− anion and Sn−S−Sn bond formation. Simultaneously, the coordination environment of the Na+ cations is significantly altered and the in situ formed NaS5 polyhedra are joined by corner‐ and edge‐sharing to form a six‐membered ring. Time‐dependent in situ X‐ray powder diffraction evidences very fast rehydration into Na4Sn2S6 ⋅ 5H2O during storage in air atmosphere, but recovery of the initial crystallinity requires several days. Impedance spectroscopy demonstrates a mediocre room‐temperature Na+ ion conductivity of 0.31 μS cm−1 and an activation energy for ionic transport of Ea=0.75 eV.
Prevention and control measures to further optimize COVID‐19 response
Authors:   Released by the Taskforce for Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism for COVID‐19 under the State Council of P.R. China on December 07, 2022
Published: January 2023

AbstractOn November 11, 2022, the Chinese government released the Scientific and Targeted Prevention and Control Measures to Optimize COVID‐19 Response. Since that time, adjusted measures have been implemented throughout China, leading to major shifts in implementation of the national prevention and control strategy. On the basis of the current situation of the epidemic and the evolving SARS‐Cov‐2 variants, an additional 10 specifications (referred to as “the 10‐point measures”) were officially released on December 7, 2022, in an effort to further optimize the prevention and control measures. The latest adjustments pertain to the specification of: precise delineation of high‐risk areas, nucleic acid testing scheme, isolation and health monitoring, restriction and lifting of high‐risk areas, medicine supply, vaccination rollout among older people, health status of key populations, social functioning, and campus response.
Implementation of shooting technique for Buongiorno nanofluid model driven by a continuous permeable surface
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Zeeshan  , Islam Saeed , Ali Bilal , Shah Qayyum , Ali Rashid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current investigation focuses on the thermal characteristics and heat and mass transfer in the context of their applications. There has been a lot of interest in the utilization of non‐Newtonian liquids in various engineering and biological fields. Having such considerable attention on non‐Newtonian liquids, the goal is to investigate the flow nature of viscoelastic nanoliquid flow driven by a permeable stretchable surface considering the Buongiorno nanofluid model with suction or injection and mixed convection. This model includes Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and radiation effects. The thermal boundary layer theories established the constitutive flow equations, that is, the momentum, diffusion balance, and energy expressions. The established partial differential equations are diminished to dimensionless coupled ordinary differential equations by taking the assistance of proper transformations of nonlinearities. An efficient and validated numerical algorithm is implemented as a computational technique where Mathematica 11.0 environment, a programming tool, is developed for fluid dynamics. The convergence standard had also been recognized for the precision of the relevant parameters by using boundary postulates. The impact of embedded physical quantities of practical interest is examined and offered via the plotted graphs. In addition, the impression of system parameters on drag force, heat, and mass flow coefficient with three‐dimensional graphs is also debated.