bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing for Atlantic Salmon Smolt Run Timing Variability in a Changing Climate
Authors: Frechette Danielle M. , Hawkes James P. , Kocik John F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar is listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, with dams cited as a key threat to the species. Safe, timely, and efficient passage of emigrating smolts is critical for advancing recovery goals. However, climate change and the earlier (and more variable) onset of smolt migration have challenged the effectiveness of measures designed to protect smolts. Therefore, we used data from four long-term smolt trapping sites in Maine to characterize run duration, identify a standardized smolt run, and develop a predictive model for the initiation of smolt emigration for natural- and hatchery-origin smolts. We combined these data into a basinwide deterministic model that projects the movement of smolts from their point of origin to estuary entry, which we used to (1) evaluate duration and temperature triggers for supplemental spill periods used at hydroelectric dams to protect smolts and (2) investigate how knowledge of smolt emigration dynamics can guide protective measures in rivers where management actions are being developed. Timing of run initiation varied by over 14 d; however, mean air temperature for the first quarter of the year explained over 60% of the variance in the onset of emigration. Initiation temperature was linked with higher-elevation rearing areas where smolts originated and not with downstream dams where temperature was monitored. The shape of the smolt wave varied considerably; thus, our standardized smolt wave captured average dynamics but not the specific shape. Overall, 14-d spill windows are too short. To account for the variable timing and shape of the run, a 54–72-d protection window would be necessary to protect the earliest and latest emigrants in the absence of physical structures (e.g., turbine screens) and preserve the adaptive variation required for populations to respond to climate-driven changes in temperature and hydrology.
Dynamic analysis of beams vibrating on nonlinear poroelastic multi‐layered continuum
Authors: Elhuni Hesham , Basu Dipanjan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a framework for analysis of beams interacting with nonlinear‐poroelastic, layered continuums (e.g., clayey soils) when subjected to time‐dependent loads. The poroelastic layered continuum is characterized by a nonlinear‐elastic constitutive relationship that relates the secant shear modulus to the induced shear strain. The Biot's theory of consolidation is combined with a dynamic beam‐continuum interaction model to develop the analysis. The vertical consolidation settlement of the beam and the excess pore pressure in the porous continuum are assumed to be products of separable functions, and the extended Hamilton's principle of least action is applied to obtain the differential equations governing the inertial consolidation motion of the beam‐continuum system and the dissipation of excess pore pressure. An iterative numerical algorithm is used to solve these coupled differential equations following one‐dimensional finite element analysis in which the implicit Wilson‐Θ time integration scheme is used to obtain the time history of beam and continuum responses. The novelty of the framework is that it rigorously takes into account the nonlinear poroelastic soil‐structure interaction within a dynamic time‐integration framework with minimal computational resources. The characteristics of this newly developed model are illustrated through examples.
Impact of early time‐restricted eating on diet quality, meal frequency, appetite, and eating behaviors: A randomized trial
Authors: Steger Felicia L. , Jamshed Humaira , Martin Corby K. , Richman Joshua S. , Bryan David R. , Hanick Cody J. , Salvy Sarah‐Jeanne , Warriner Amy H. , Peterson Courtney M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTime‐restricted eating (TRE) can reduce body weight, but it is unclear how it influences dietary patterns and behavior. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of TRE on diet quality, appetite, and several eating behaviors.MethodsAdults with obesity were randomized to early TRE plus energy restriction (eTRE + ER; 8‐hour eating window from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or a control eating schedule plus energy restriction (CON + ER; ≥12‐hour window) for 14 weeks. Food intake was assessed via the Remote Food Photography Method, while eating patterns, appetite, and eating behaviors were assessed via questionnaires.ResultsA total of 59 participants completed the trial, of whom 45 had valid food records. eTRE + ER did not affect eating frequency, eating restraint, emotional eating, or the consistency of mealtimes relative to CON + ER. eTRE + ER also did not affect overall diet quality. The intensity and frequency of hunger and fullness were similar between groups, although the eTRE + ER group was hungrier while fasting.ConclusionsWhen combined with a weight‐loss program, eTRE does not affect diet quality, meal frequency, eating restraint, emotional eating, or other eating behaviors relative to eating over more than a 12‐hour window. Rather, participants implement eTRE as a simple timing rule by condensing their normal eating patterns into a smaller eating window.
A guide to prenatal counseling regarding neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease
Authors: Lee Fu‐Tsuen , Sun Liqun , Freud Lindsay , Seed Mike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdvances in cardiac surgical techniques taking place over the past 50 years have resulted in the vast majority of children born with congenital cardiac malformations now surviving into adulthood. As the focus shifts from survival to the functional outcomes of our patients, it is increasingly being recognized that a significant proportion of patients undergoing infant cardiac repair experience adverse neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes. The etiology of abnormal brain development in the setting of congenital heart disease is poorly understood, complex, and likely multifactorial. Furthermore, the efficacy of therapies available for the learning disabilities, attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorders and other ND deficits complicating congenital heart disease is currently uncertain. This situation presents a challenge for prenatal counseling as current antenatal testing does not usually provide prognostic information regarding the likely ND trajectories of individual patients. However, we believe it is important for parents to be informed about potential issues with child development when a new diagnosis of congenital heart disease is disclosed. Parents deserve a comprehensive and thoughtful approach to this subject, which conveys the uncertainties involved in predicting the severity of any developmental disorders encountered, while emphasizing the improvements in outcomes that have already been achieved in infants with congenital heart disease. A balanced approach to counseling should also discuss what local arrangements are in place for ND follow‐up. This review presents an up‐to‐date overview of ND outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease, providing possible approaches to communicating this information to parents during prenatal counseling in a sensitive and accurate manner.
Evaluation of first trimester ultrasound fetal biometry ratios femur length/biparietal diameter, femur length/abdominal circumference and femur length/foot for the screening of skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Murrin Ellen M. , Nelsen Graham , Apostolakis‐Kyrus Katherine , Hitchings Laura , Wang Jenny , Gomez Luis M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveSkeletal dysplasia is usually apparent in the second trimester. First trimester femur‐length/biparietal diameter (FL/BPD), FL/abdominal circumference (AC) and FL/foot for the screening of skeletal dysplasia were evalauted.MethodCase‐control study: pregnancies with molecular confirmation of skeletal dysplasia undergoing nuchal translucency (January_2007–December_2021). Controls included pregnancies without fetal abnormalities. Performance of FL/BPD, FL/AC and FL/foot was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsTwenty‐eight skeletal dysplasia cases were identified; 17 (60.71%) corresponded to lethal types. Compared to 184 controls, cases had a lower median FL/BPD (0.34 [IQR 0.30–0.38] vs. 0.44 [IQR 0.39–0.48]; p < 0.001), FL/AC (0.13 [IQR 0.09–0.15] vs. 0.15 [IQR 0.13–0.16]; p = 0.001) and FL/foot (0.84 [IQR 0.76–0.91] vs. 1.01 [IQR 0.94–1.11]; p < 0.001). FL/BPD and FL/foot ratios had a superior area under the curve (0.846 and 0.853, respectively) than FL/AC (0.64). The probability of diagnosing skeletal dysplasia increased at least 9‐fold if FL/BPD <0.376 (OR 26.05, 95% CI 9.79–69.3; p < 0.001) and 14‐fold if FL/foot <0.891 (OR 39.46, 95% CI 14.17–109.9; p < 0.001). Low FL/BPD and FL/foot were associated significantly with lethal types compared to viable skeletal dysplasia.ConclusionsFirst trimester FL/BPD and FL/foot may be of clinical utility in the detection of skeletal dysplasia especially when there is another suspicious sonographic sign or when there is a relevant family history before overt second trimester sonographic markers become apparent.
Elucidation of segmental relaxations of silica‐filled cis‐polybutadiene rubber composites
Authors: Zhang Yuan Hong , Yu Xiao Bo , Ding Yuan Qiang , Chen Xiao Jie , Yuan Zhen Xing , Yang Xu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere has been a lot of interest in characterizing polymer chain dynamics of rubber compounds because it is thought to underpin the exceptional mechanical properties of composites. We studied the effect of precipitated silica on segmental mobility of cis‐polybutadiene rubber by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the calorimetric glass and melting transitions of silica‐filled master batch materials were essentially identical to those of the gum rubber, showing no dependence of silica loading and silane treatment. And, we observed in calorimetric measurement a change in the melting transition step for the vulcanizates. The results were correlated to the change of chemical crosslinks caused by various factors filler agglomeration and adsorption effect that tended to decrease chemical crosslink density and silane modification increased it. The DMA results demonstrated that the second peak in loss modulus versus temperature curve for the quenched vulcanizates was assigned to melting peak, and this peak disappeared at a slow cooling rate, which coincided well with DSC results. Moreover, crystalline parts constrained amorphous regions such that the glass transition temperature was raised for the cooled vulcanizates with high chemical crosslinks.
Clarifying the effects of comonomer distribution between short and long chains on physical and mechanical properties of ethylenic copolymers
Authors: Jandaghian Mohammad Hossein , Sepahi Abdolhannan , Hosseini Shahin , Salimzadeh Ali , Zaeri Reza , Nikzinat Ehsan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, two Zigler‐Natta catalysts (ZNCs) were used to synthesize a commercially available linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), widely used in the packaging industry, on an industrial scale. The catalysts differ only in their ability to distribute comonomers between short and long chains. Both catalysts were fully characterized in the first section, and two similar ethylene/1‐butene copolymers were made using them. Afterward, the produced copolymers were fully characterized using different techniques; namely, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA), oxygen induction time (OIT), melt flow index (MFI), rheometric mechanical spectroscopy (RMS), and a wide range of mechanical experiments. It was revealed that while the presence of comonomers in short chains can reduce their resistance against oxidation (by more than 30%) and can cause a dramatic change in friction coefficients (by more than 20%), some of the other main mechanical properties of the made copolymers were independent of comonomer distribution between long and short chains. In addition, it was shown that ethylenic copolymers' strain hardening modulus (SHM) takes advantage of the homogenous distribution.
Thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of graphene and graphene oxide‐filled nitrile butadiene rubber: A molecular simulation approach
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yu Mengmeng , Qian Cheng , Wang Shijie , Wang Zhaozhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitrile rubber (NBR) is commonly used as a stator rubber for screw pumps because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, under high‐temperature conditions, using NBR for long‐term operations is difficult, since it is highly susceptible to a thermal‐oxidative aging phenomenon that leads to its failure. In this study, the thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) in an NBR composite system was investigated using simulated molecular dynamics at 298 K and 348 K. The results showed that Young's moduli of graphene/NBR and GO/NBR composite systems were enhanced by about 33% and 44%, respectively, when the temperature was increased. That is, adding graphene and GO improved the resistance of NBR composites to elastic, bulk, and shear deformation, playing an important role in slowing down the thermal and oxygen aging of rubber. Furthermore, the binding energy, mean square displacement, and free volume fraction of the NBR composite systems were analyzed. The abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups in GO increased the intermolecular interaction force between GO and NBR and effectively inhibited the migration of antioxidants 4020. Therefore, GO retards the thermal and oxygen aging of NBR composite systems more effectively.
Blood proteome of acute intracranial hemorrhage in infant victims of abusive head trauma
Authors: Wiskott Kim , Gilardi Federica , Hainard Alexandre , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Thomas Aurelien , Sajic Tatjana , Fracasso Tony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. While the reported incidence is close to 40 cases per 100′000 births/year, misdiagnoses are commonly observed in cases with atypical, subacute, or chronic presentation. Currently, standard clinical evaluation of inflicted intracranial hemorrhagic injury (ICH) in infants urgently requires a screening test able to identify infants who need additional investigations. Blood biomarkers characteristic of AHT may assist in detecting these infants, improving prognosis through early medical care. To date, the application of innovative omics technologies in retrospective studies of AHT in infants is rare, due also to the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AHT cases being scarce and not systematically accessible. Here, we explored the circulating blood proteomes of infants with severe AHT and their atraumatic controls. We discovered 165 circulating serum proteins that display differential changes in AHT cases compared with atraumatic controls. The peripheral blood proteomes of pediatric AHT commonly reflect: (i) potentially secreted proteome from injured brain, and (ii) proteome dysregulated in the system's circulation by successive biological events following acute ICH. This study opens up a novel opportunity for research efforts in clinical screening of AHT cases.
Mixing discrete block co‐oligomers: When does it behave like a disperse sample?
Authors: Lamers Brigitte A. G. , Fors Brett P. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlends of block copolymers (BCPs) have great potential for applications in nanotechnology as the desired dimensions and complex nanopatterns can be designed upon mixing BCPs with other BCPs or homopolymers. Recently, we explored the synthesis of a series of discrete oligo(dimethylsiloxane) block co‐oligomers (BCOs) and studied their phase behavior. Here, we disclose our results on blending oligomers of different lengths of discrete hydrazone end‐functionalized oligo(dimethylsiloxanes) to study the effect of mixing on the morphological order. These mixtures possess a certain dispersity (Ð) as a result of the composition of the mixture. We have found that a distinct boundary exists between a good and poor morphological order at Ð ~ 1.10. As a result, the domain spacings of the low dispersity mixtures can be tuned by the molecular composition of the mixture, creating a wider spectrum of morphologies. Furthermore, we compare a hydrazone end‐functionalized siloxane with a dispersity as a result of mixing with its analog having a similar dispersity but resulting from traditional polymerization. Finally, a discrete BCO was mixed with a disperse BCO of similar size and composition. The discrete BCO is immiscible in the disperse BCO which emphasizes the differences in interactions within disperse and discrete oligomers. These results demonstrate that the entropic and enthalpic contributions to nanoscale order in a system composed of discrete components are different compared to disperse BCPs and BCOs.
Protein aggregates thermodynamically order regardless of sequence
Authors: Nielsen Aleksandra W. , Sari Levent , Fraser Rowan , Lin Milo M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProteins can aggregate into disordered aggregates or ordered assemblies such as amyloid fibrils. These two distinct phases serve differing roles in function and disease. How protein sequence determines the preferred phase is unknown. Here we establish a statistical mechanical disorder‐to‐order transition condition for compact polymer aggregates, including proteins. The theory produces a simple universal equation determining the favored phase as a function of temperature, polymer length, and interaction energy variance. We show that the sequence‐dependent energy variance is efficiently calculated using atomistic simulations, so that the theory has no adjustable parameters. The equation accurately predicts experimental length‐dependent crystallization temperatures of synthetic polymers. The equation also predicts that all protein sequences that aggregate will also favor ordering. Consequently, energy must be expended to maintain the steady‐state disordered phase if it is not kinetically metastable on physiological timescales. More broadly, the theory suggests that aggregates of organic polymers will generally tend to order on habitable planets.
Robust lateral motion control of distributed drive vehicle considering long input delays
Authors: Li Wei , Xie Yu , Li Yuxue , Geng Keke , Nguyen Anh‐Tu , Zhu Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article presents a comparative study of lateral motion controller design for distributed drive vehicle. Aiming at handling long input delays, two types of robust controllers are specifically investigated. First, a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional based robust controller design is proposed. Considering input delay, the design conditions of the state‐feedback controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be effectively solved using LMI toolbox. Second, based on the same control law, a robust predictive controller design is further presented. However, different from the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional based robust controller, the control gain of the proposed robust predictive controller is calculated without considering the input delay. An input delay estimator and a predictor are developed instead to reconstruct the delay‐dependent state, which is further used to generate a new feedback error. Moreover, the feasibility of this control scheme is theoretically proved. Finally, extensive co‐simulations with Carsim and Matlab/Simulink are conducted to compare the performance between these two controllers. Compared with the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional based robust controller, longer input delay can be handled by using the proposed robust predictive controller.
Random plane increasing trees: Asymptotic enumeration of vertices by distance from leaves
Authors: Bóna Miklós , Pittel Boris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove that for any fixed , the probability that a random vertex of a random increasing plane tree is of rank , that is, the probability that a random vertex is at distance from the leaves, converges to a constant as the size of the tree goes to infinity. We prove that , so that the tail of the limiting rank distribution is super‐exponentially narrow. We prove that the latter property holds uniformly for all finite as well. More generally, we prove that the ranks of a finite uniformly random set of vertices are asymptotically independent, each with distribution . We compute the exact value of for , demonstrating that the limiting expected fraction of vertices with rank is … We show that with probability the highest rank of a vertex in the tree is sandwiched between and , and that this rank is asymptotic to with probability .
Association of cesarean delivery timing with pelvic floor muscle function and urine incontinence: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Chen Yiyao , Xu Chuangchuang , Saiding Qimanguli , Chi Xiaolei , Chu Lei , Wang Xianjing , Chen Xinliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPelvic floor dysfunction is a common gynecological disease that adversely affects women's quality of life and mental health. Delivery is considered a significant independent risk factor for pelvic floor dysfunction. Surface electromyography (sEMG) values for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) have been shown to differ according to different delivery modes. This study aimed to compare sEMG results between intrapartum and antepartum cesarean delivery (CD), 42–60 days after delivery. Data of women who underwent CD at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital were collected from September 2021 to December 2021. Myotrac Infiniti System was used to measure the electromyographic activity of PFM after 42–60 days of parturition. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to achieve a balance in baseline data between the two groups (intrapartum and antepartum CD). A total of 200 paired cases were selected for statistical analysis. In the propensity score‐matched analysis, there were no statistically significant differences in PFM sEMG between women with antepartum or intrapartum CD (p > 0.05 for all). We observed similar results with postpartum urinary incontinence (24 [12.0] vs. 21 [10.5]; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–2.12]; p = 0.717) and stress urinary incontinence (12 [6.0] vs. 14 [7.0]; aOR, 0.80 [95% CI 0.35–1.80]; p = 0.596) as outcomes. After excluding participants with intrapartum CD when the cervix was dilated <6 cm, all sEMG of PFM had a comparable level of risk in both the antepartum and intrapartum CD groups. There were no significant differences in sEMG of the PFM and the incidence of urinary incontinence between patients undergoing intrapartum or antepartum CD. Excluding women who underwent intrapartum CD when the cervix was dilated to <6 cm produced little change in results. Thus, different opportunities for CD may not impact the sEMG of the PFM and the incidence of urinary incontinence.