bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of nutrients across the edible components of a modelled typical Australian lamb: A case study
Authors: Wingett Kate , Alders Robyn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Achieving sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges for humanity. This includes producing food in a way that enhances ecosystem, animal and human health, at the farm level and more broadly. To measure the enhancement brought about by animal production systems, producers, livestock industries and governments need a deeper understanding of the nutrient distribution across the edible parts of the animal. This case study examined the nutrient distribution across food products (carcase and co-products (edible offal and slaughter fat)) derived from a typical Australian lamb, using modelling with secondary data. Due to data gaps, some edible offal products were not able to be incorporated into the model (blood, trachea, omasum, abomasum, intestines, feet/tendons and head meat). Co-products accounted for approximately 24% of total edible product (i.e., carcase and co-product) by weight, 18% of the total protein and 37% of the total fat. With regards to micronutrients, the co-products contained 42% of the total iron content and the liver had more vitamin A, folate and vitamin B12 than the carcase and other co-products combined. This case study highlighted the nutritional value of co-products, especially liver, in the context of the whole animal and, the importance of including co-products in assessments of animal production systems.
From genetic variation to precision medicine
Authors: Sergouniotis Panagiotis I. , Fitzgerald Tomas , Birney Ewan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Genetics has been an important tool for discovering new aspects of biology across life. In humans, there is growing momentum behind the application of this knowledge to drive innovation in clinical care, most notably through developments in precision medicine. Nowhere has the impact of genetics on clinical practice been more striking than in the field of rare disorders. For most of these conditions, individual disease susceptibility is influenced by DNA sequence variation in a single or a small number of genes. In contrast, most common disorders are multifactorial and are caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic, environmental and stochastic factors. The longstanding division of human disease genetics into rare and common components has obscured the continuum of human traits and echoes aspects of the century-old debate between the Mendelian and biometric views of human genetics. In this article, we discuss the differences in data and concepts between rare and common disease genetics. Opportunities to unify these two areas are noted and the importance of adopting a holistic perspective that integrates diverse genetic and environmental factors is discussed.
Depth distribution of the bigeye hound sharkIago omanensisand other deep-sea species observed by baited-camera in the Red Sea
Authors: Pearce Jessica R. , Linley Thomas D. , Bond Todd , Jamieson Alan J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Red Sea is a largely homogeneous water column beyond the top 300 m, unique in exhibiting warm bottom water (~21.5 °C) at depths down to ~2900 m. The unusual conditions coupled with barriers to colonization by primary deep-sea species has resulted in an impoverished but distinct deep fauna. This study presents a rare investigation of the deep Red Sea. The bigeye hound sharkIago omanensisis a known deep-sea shark in the Red Sea. However, its full depth distribution has never been conclusively studied. Here, we confirm with videographic evidence the presence ofI. omanensisat depths to 2522 m in the Red Sea, along with observations of other deep-sea species.Iago omanensiswas the only species of scavenging fish observed and only in moderate numbers. The additional six species were mostly crustacea in low abundance. The lack of scavenging species present in the deep Red Sea is likely explained by the low productivity of the overlying surface waters and unusually warm water temperature resulting in low energetic input but high metabolic demands in deep communities.
Development of competence in cognitive behavioural therapy and the role of metacognition among clinical psychology and psychotherapy students
Authors: Bergvall Hillevi , Ghaderi Ata , Andersson Joakim , Lundgren Tobias , Andersson Gerhard , Bohman Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:There is a paucity of research on therapist competence development following extensive training in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). In addition, metacognitive ability (the knowledge and regulation of one’s cognitive processes) has been associated with learning in various domains but its role in learning CBT is unknown.Aims:To investigate to what extent psychology and psychotherapy students acquired competence in CBT following extensive training, and the role of metacognition.Method:CBT competence and metacognitive activity were assessed in 73 psychology and psychotherapy students before and after 1.5 years of CBT training, using role-plays with a standardised patient.Results:Using linear mixed modelling, we found large improvements of CBT competence from pre- to post-assessment. At post-assessment, 72% performed above the competence threshold (36 points on the Cognitive Therapy Scale-Revised). Higher competence was correlated with lower accuracy in self-assessment, a measure of metacognitive ability. The more competent therapists tended to under-estimate their performance, while less competent therapists made more accurate self-assessments. Metacognitive activity did not predict CBT competence development. Participant characteristics (e.g. age, clinical experience) did not moderate competence development.Conclusions:Competence improved over time and most students performed over the threshold post-assessment. The more competent therapists tended to under-rate their competence. In contrast to what has been found in other learning domains, metacognitive ability was not associated with competence development in our study. Hence, metacognition and competence may be unrelated in CBT or perhaps other methods are required to measure metacognition.
Feminist Pedagogy: Teaching Gender Politics in Egypt
Authors: Abouelnaga Shereen 
Published: January 2023

Teaching gender politics in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is often marked by pedagogical, sociocultural, and political challenges. In the MENA context, the effects of authoritarian politics, conservative cultural understanding of gender relations, and neoliberal policies intersect in the classroom. Amid such a charged setting, applying a feminist pedagogy that subverts paradigms of power and preexisting socioeconomic realities in the classroom is increasingly contentious, yet even more necessary.
Historical and Projected Changes in Temperature Extremes Over China and the Inconsistency Between Multimodel Ensembles and Individual Models From CMIP5 and CMIP6
Authors: Yang Yunfan , Zhang Yuanjie , Gao Zhiqiu , Pan Zaitao , Zhang Xuefen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHistorical changes and possible future projections of temperature extremes in China, in terms of return values of annual extreme temperatures, are examined based on daily maximum and minimum temperatures from station observations and multiple models of the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The observations suggest that increases in temperature extremes are largely attributable to the changing mean climate, while the varying natural variability also has an important impact, which depends on the index of the variability. The models simulate warm extremes reasonably well but underestimate the spatial heterogeneity and temporal trend of cold extremes in China. In comparison, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models have higher skill in simulating temperature extremes in China, showing smaller biases and intermodel variability. MRI‐ESM2‐0 and NorESM2‐LM from CMIP6 and GFDL‐ESM2M and NorESM1‐M from CMIP5 are selected as reference models based on the better performance in reproducing observed temperature extremes in China. In the future, projections from CMIP6 multimodel ensemble (MME, represented as the multimodel median) and reference models all show a continued uptick in temperature extremes, with statistically significant increases in warm extremes mainly in the north and increases in cold extremes prominent in most parts of China. Different individual models, which have similar historical simulations, yield divergent future trends of temperature extremes, which may be associated with different climate sensitivities of models. In addition, MME usage should be treated with caution since its smoothing on spatial heterogeneity and possible information from poor models.
Fluvial Flood Losses in the Contiguous United States Under Climate Change
Authors: Rashid M. M. , Wahl T. , Villarini G. , Sharma A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlooding is one of the most devastating natural disasters causing significant economic losses. One of the dominant drivers of flood losses is heavy precipitation, with other contributing factors such as built environments and socio‐economic conditions superimposed to it. To better understand the risk profile associated with this hazard, we develop probabilistic models to quantify the future likelihood of fluvial flood‐related property damage exceeding a critical threshold (i.e., high property damage) at the state level across the conterminous United States. The model is conditioned on indicators representing heavy precipitation amount and frequency derived from observed and downscaled precipitation. The likelihood of high property damage is estimated from the conditional probability distribution of annual total property damage, which is derived from the joint probability of the property damage and heavy precipitation indicators. Our results indicate an increase in the probability of high property damage (i.e., exceedance of 70th percentile of observed annual property damage for each state) in the future. Higher probability of high property damage is projected to be clustered in the states across the western and south‐western United States, and parts of the U.S. Northwest and the northern Rockies and Plains. Depending on the state, the mean annual probability of high property damage in these regions could range from 38% to 80% and from 46% to 95% at the end of the century (2090s) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. This is equivalent to 20%–40% increase in the probability compared to the historical period 1996–2005. Results show that uncertainty in the projected probability of high property damage ranges from 14% to 35% across the states. The spatio‐temporal variability of the uncertainty across the states and three future decades (i.e., 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) exhibits nonstationarity, which is driven by the uncertainty associated with the probabilistic prediction models and climate change scenarios.
Immediate and Long‐Lasting Impacts of the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption on Ocean Oxygen and Carbon Inventories
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , McKinley Galen A. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Eddebbar Yassir , Levy Michael N. , Long Matthew C. , Olivarez Holly C. , Rustagi Rea R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge volcanic eruptions drive significant climate perturbations through major anomalies in radiative fluxes and the resulting widespread cooling of the surface and upper ocean. Recent studies suggest that these eruptions also drive important variability in air‐sea carbon and oxygen fluxes. By simulating the Earth system using two initial‐condition large ensembles, with and without the aerosol forcing associated with the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991, we isolate the impact of this volcanic event on physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. The Mt. Pinatubo eruption forced significant anomalies in surface fluxes and the ocean interior inventories of heat, oxygen, and carbon. Pinatubo‐driven changes persist for multiple years in the upper ocean and permanently modify the ocean's heat, oxygen, and carbon inventories. Positive anomalies in oxygen concentrations emerge immediately post‐eruption and penetrate into the deep ocean. In contrast, carbon anomalies intensify in the upper ocean over several years post‐eruption, and are largely confined to the upper 150 m. In the tropics and northern high latitudes, the change in oxygen is dominated by surface cooling and subsequent ventilation to mid‐depths, while the carbon anomaly is associated with solubility changes and eruption‐generated El Niño—Southern Oscillation variability. We do not find significant impact of Pinatubo on oxygen or carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean; but this may be due to Southern Hemisphere aerosol forcing being underestimated in Community Earth System Model 1 simulations.
Geographical Distribution and Social Justice of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: The Case of Palma (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Ruiz‐Pérez Maurici , Moragues Alexandre , Seguí‐Pons Joana Maria , Muncunill Josep , Pou Goyanes Albert , Colom Fernández Antoni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the COVID‐19 infection rate in the city of Palma (Balearic Islands) is analyzed from the geolocation of positive cases by census tract and its relationship with socioeconomic variables is evaluated. Data on infections have been provided by the Health Service of the Ministry of Health and Consumption of the Government of the Balearic Islands. The study combines several methods of analysis: spatial autocorrelation, calculation of the Gini index and least squares regression, and weighted geographical regression. The results show that the pandemic comprised five waves in the March 2020–March 2022 period, corresponding to the months of April 2020, August 2020, December 2020, July 2021, and January 2022. Each wave shows a particular geographical distribution pattern, however, the second and third waves show higher levels of spatial concentration. In this sense, the second wave, affecting the peripheral neighborhoods of the eastern part of the city. The Gini index confirms geographical imbalances in the distribution of infections in the first waves of the pandemic. In addition, the regression models indicate that the most significant socioeconomic variables in the prediction of COVID‐19 infection are average income, percentage of children under 18 years of age, average size of the household, and percentage of single‐person households. The study shows that economic imbalances in the city have had a clear influence on the spatial pattern of pandemic distribution. It shows the need to implement spatial justice policies in income distribution to balance the effects of the pandemic.
Improved MJO Forecasts Using the Experimental Global‐Nested GFDL SHiELD Model
Authors: Zavadoff Breanna L. , Gao Kun , Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang‐Ki , Kim Dongmin , Harris Lucas M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSitting at the crossroads of weather and climate, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is considered a primary source of subseasonal predictability. Despite its importance, numerical models struggle with MJO prediction as its convection moves through the complex Maritime Continent (MC) environment. Motivated by the ongoing effort to improve MJO prediction, we use the System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (SHiELD) model to run two sets of forecasts, one with and one without a nested grid over the MC. By efficiently leveraging high‐resolution grid spacing, the nested grid reduces amplitude and phase errors and extends the model's predictive skill by about 10 days. These enhancements are tied to improvements in predicted zonal wind from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, facilitated by westerly wind bias reduction in the nested grid. Results from this study suggest that minimizing circulation biases over the MC can lead to substantial advancements in skillful MJO prediction.
Elastic Properties of Thermally Treated Diabase and Peridotite: Implications Toward the Elastic Properties of Oceanic Lithosphere
Authors: Jayawickrama E. G. , Katayama I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupported by laboratory experimental results, the reduction in elastic thickness () and flexural rigidity () at trench outer rise, which enables bending, is attributed to damage. A series of laboratory experiments were performed on intact and thermally treated diabase and peridotite (400°C–800°C) under increasing confining pressures (3–200 MPa) at room temperature. Simultaneous porosity and elastic wave velocity (P and S) measurements were obtained under dry and fluid saturated conditions. The velocity and porosity inversions indicated a significant variation in crack properties (crack density, aspect ratio) and reduction in Young's modulus, of thermally treated samples in comparison to the intact samples. Hence the experimental results suggested weakening in elastic properties of a damaged oceanic lithosphere. Subsequently created lithospheric strength profiles showed a strength reduction in wet models in comparison to dry models. Under the assumption of different cooling models, the aging of the plate resulted in an increase in strength with deeper neutral zones. The outcome of the strength profiles was utilized to estimate and , which are also dependent on the elasticity of the lithosphere. The results showed a reduction in with increasing damage and suggest that the bending at the subduction zone is facilitated by weakened elastic properties of a damaged lithosphere. While most of the geophysical observations of were able to be constrained by the proposed damaged models, some shallow observations indicated enhanced damage triggered either by increased depth to brittle‐ductile transition or by large bending related faulting events.
Toward Eliminating the Decades‐Old “Too Zonal and Too Equatorward” Storm‐Track Bias in Climate Models
Authors: Schemm Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenerations of climate models exhibit biases in their representation of North Atlantic storm tracks, which tend to be too far near the equator and too zonal. Additionally, models have difficulties simulating explosive cyclone growth. These biases are one of the reasons for the uncertainties in projections of future climate over Europe, and the underlying causes have yet to be determined. All three biases are shown to be related, and diabatic processes are pointed to as a likely cause. To demonstrate this, two hemispherically symmetric storm tracks forming downstream of an idealized sea surface temperature (SST) front on an aquaplanet are examined using the seamless ICOsahedral Non‐hydrostatic weather and climate model (ICON) and its grid refinement capabilities. The analyzed perpetual boreal winter has a global grid spacing of 20 km, two bi‐directionally interacting grid nests over the Northern Hemisphere that refine the grid to 10‐km spacing over much of the stormtrack and further to 5‐km spacing near the SST front. In contrast, no grid refinement is performed for the Southern Hemisphere. Feature‐based cyclone tracking shows that the poleward propagation in the NH is enhanced, so the high‐resolution storm track is less equatorward and less zonal; explosive deepening rates are more frequent and precipitation rates are amplified. The implication is that resolving diabatic processes on the storm scale improves all three intersecting biases in the representation of storm tracks. While new challenges arise at cloud resolving scales, much improvement for the representation of storm tracks will be gained once climate models resolve the meso‐γ scale.
Experiments and Simulations on Plume Spreading by Engineered Injection and Extraction in Refractive Index Matched Porous Media
Authors: Sather Lauren J. , Roth Eric J. , Neupauer Roseanna M. , Crimaldi John P. , Mays David C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEngineered injection and extraction (EIE) is an in situ groundwater remediation strategy that imposes an engineered spatially and temporally varying velocity field to spread an amendment into the contaminant plume to promote mixing and contaminant degradation through reaction. Here we present a coordinated suite of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations that apply EIE using two pumping sequences: A folding sequence that manipulates plume geometry by stretching and folding, and an oscillating sequence that imposes velocity perpendicular to the plume interface in accordance with previously‐reported active spreading theory. Laboratory experiments investigated spreading and mixing of a non‐reactive tracer using refractive index matched porous media and laser‐induced fluorescence, with remarkable reproducibility between replicates. Numerical simulations matched the experimental results and simulated reactive transport by post‐processing sequentially injected non‐reactive tracer plumes representing the contaminant and the amendment assuming rapid reaction (i.e., high Damköhler number). This study provides the first experimental verification of EIE using Darcy‐scale imaging, demonstrates a novel experimental method to mimic reactive transport at the high‐Damköhler number limit, and confirms active spreading theory.
Comprehensive overview of microRNA function in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Peng Xiaole , Wang Qing , Li Wenming , Ge Gaoran , Peng Jiachen , Xu Yaozeng , Yang Huilin , Bai Jiaxiang , Geng Dechun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous single-stranded short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as vital epigenetic regulators of both pathological and physiological processes in animals. They direct fundamental cellular pathways and processes by fine-tuning the expression of multiple genes at the posttranscriptional level. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are implicated in the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects synovial joints. This common autoimmune disorder is characterized by a complex and multifaceted pathogenesis, and its morbidity, disability and mortality rates remain consistently high. More in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms of RA are required to address unmet clinical needs and optimize treatment. Herein, we comprehensively review the deregulated miRNAs and impaired cellular functions in RA to shed light on several aspects of RA pathogenesis, with a focus on excessive inflammation, synovial hyperplasia and progressive joint damage. This review also provides promising targets for innovative therapies of RA. In addition, we discuss the regulatory roles and clinical potential of extracellular miRNAs in RA, highlighting their prospective applications as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.