bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise asymmetric power‐splitter (1.7:1) by using nano‐pixel waveguide
Authors: Shimamura Yuta , Jiang Haisong , Kuwahata Ryota , Kim Younjin , Yamauchi Kensei , Matsuo Ryoma , Hamamoto Kiichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPower‐splitter is one of the fundamental elements for photonic integrated circuits. Y‐junction, multi‐mode‐interference (MMI), and directional coupler may have been widely used as power splitter; however, the design theory to realize precise asymmetric splitting ratio is not well established. In addition, the device length is relatively long and less robustness in general. To realize a power splitter with a desired splitting ratio, the authors used a nano‐pixel structure. Nano‐pixel structures consist of an array of pixels in which the rectangular waveguide region is divided into many nano‐scale regions. The implemented devices were realized in an area of 3.2 μm × 3.4 μm. The device exhibited precise asymmetric splitting of 1.7:1 successfully at 1550 nm.
Research on modulation recognition method of multi‐component radar signals based on deep convolution neural network
Authors: Wan Chenxia , Si Weijian , Deng Zhian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModulation recognition of single‐component radar signals has been widely studied in the fewer years. Meanwhile, as the electromagnetic environment in the actual battlefields is ever‐increasingly complicated, the demand for the modulation recognition of multi‐component radar signals is also increasing. However, the modulation recognition of single‐component radar signals performs poorly on multi‐component radar signals. To address this problem, a novel modulation recognition method of multi‐component radar signals based on the deep convolutional neural network with a convolutional block attention module (DCNN‐CBAM) is proposed, and the network architecture mainly includes mobile‐inverted bottleneck convolution (MBConv), Fused‐MBConv, and convolutional block attention module (CBAM). An adaptive optimization algorithm Adam with weighted gradient and dynamic bound is proposed for accelerating convergence speed and generalisation performance. The proposed method can not only recognise dual‐component and three‐component radar signals but also four‐component radar signals. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracies of all radar signals modulation types are more than 83.57% at −8 dB for dual‐component radar signals, 67.41% for three‐component radar signals, and 57.95% for four‐component radar signals, which verify the better recognition performance of DCNN‐CBAM for multi‐component radar signals. The recognition accuracy of the proposed DCNN‐CBAM for dual‐component radar signals can be up to 95.95% at −6 dB, which shows superior recognition performance over the residual method. This work provides an essential guidance for enhancing the recognition performance of multi‐component radar signals.
Trade-offs in high-contrast integral field spectroscopy for exoplanet detection and characterisation
Authors: Landman R. , Snellen I. A. G. , Keller C. U. , N’Diaye M. , Fagginger-Auer F. , Desgrange C. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Combining high-contrast imaging with medium- or high-resolution integral field spectroscopy has the potential to boost the detection rate of exoplanets, especially at small angular separations. Furthermore, it immediately provides a spectrum of the planet that can be used to characterise its atmosphere. The achievable spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and FOV of such an instrument are limited by the number of available detector pixels.
Aims. We aim to study the effect of the spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and FOV on the detection and characterisation potential of medium- to high-resolution integral field spectrographs with molecule mapping.
Methods. The trade-offs are studied through end-to-end simulations of a typical high-contrast imaging instrument, analytical considerations, and atmospheric retrievals. The results are then validated with archival VLT/SINFONI data of the planet β Pictoris b.
Results. We show that molecular absorption spectra generally have decreasing power towards higher spectral resolution and that molecule mapping is already powerful for moderate resolutions (R ≳ 300). When choosing between wavelength coverage and spectral resolution for a given number of spectral bins, it is best to first increase the spectral resolution until R ~ 2000 and then maximise the bandwidth within an observing band. We find that T-type companions are most easily detected in the J/H band through methane and water features, while L-type companions are best observed in the H/K band through water and CO features. Such an instrument does not need to have a large FOV, as most of the gain in contrast is obtained in the speckle-limited regime close to the star. We show that the same conclusions are valid for the constraints on atmospheric parameters such as the C/O ratio, metallicity, surface gravity, and temperature, while higher spectral resolution (R ≳ 10 000) is required to constrain the radial velocity and spin of the planet.
The effect of heavy ions on the dispersion properties of kinetic Alfvén waves in astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Villarroel-Sepúlveda N. , López R. A. , Moya P. S. 
Published: June 2023

Context.Spacecraft measurements have shown Kinetic Alfvén Waves propagating in the terrestrial magnetosphere at lower wave-normal angles than predicted by linear Vlasov theory of electron-proton plasmas. To explain these observations, it has been suggested that the abundant heavy ion populations in this region may have strong, non-trivial effects that allow Alfvénic waves to acquire right-handed polarization at lower angles with respect to the background magnetic field, as in the case of typical electron-proton plasma.Aims.We study the dispersion properties of Alfvénic waves in plasmas with stationary phase-space distribution functions with different heavy ion populations. Our extensive numerical analysis has allowed us to quantify the role of the heavy ion components on the transition from the left-hand polarized electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) mode to the right-hand polarized kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) mode.Methods.We used linear Vlasov-Maxwell theory to obtain the dispersion relation for oblique electromagnetic waves. The dispersion relation of Alfvén waves was obtained numerically by considering four different oxygen ion concentrations ranging between 0.0 and 0.2 for all propagation angles, as a function of both the wavenumber and the plasma beta parameter.Results.The inclusion of the heavy O+ions is found to considerably reduce the transition angle from EMIC to KAW both as a function of the wave number and plasma beta. With increasing O+concentrations, waves become more damped in specific wavenumber regions. However, the inclusion of oxygen ions may allow weakly damped KAW to effectively propagate at smaller wave-normal angles than in the electron-proton case, as suggested by observations.
Welchen Stellenwert hat Führungsethik in endoskopischen
Abteilungen?
Authors: Adam-Paffrath Renate 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die endoskopische Abteilung aus einer
anthropologischen Perspektive. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen,
wie die Entwicklung eines Berufsethos als Führungsaufgabe verstanden
werden kann, und welche Hindernisse es zu erkennen und nach Möglichkeit
zu beseitigen gilt. Dabei hängt der sorgsame Umgang mit
Dilemmasituationen und Macht mit dem Führungsverständnis
zusammen. In den Schlussgedanken werden die einzelnen Aspekte noch einmal
aufgegriffen.
Tart–scriblita–torta–torte–torta–tortilha: A piece of cake!
Authors: Iamartino Giovanni , Berti Lucia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates R. John Andree’s
A vocabulary, in six languages (London, 1725).
This work was not conceived solely as a reference tool but with a
pedagogical purpose as well; it was based on a comparative method to
ease English native speakers’ acquisition of vocabulary in four
living Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese)
by showing their etymological similarity to their Latin ancestor –
the fifth language in the Vocabulary – and between them, with English as the language of the entry words. Indeed, by viewing and memorizing Latin and Romance words
together, the learner was expected to acquire them more easily. This
chapter focuses on the dictionary, its method and the author’s
language learning ideas and concludes with considerations relating
to its contribution to innovation in language learning
and teaching.
Classroom-oriented teacher research in modern languages
Authors: Klippel Friederike 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We tend to think that classroom-oriented research
in language teaching is a new phenomenon. However, the Reform
Movement at the end of the 19th century brought forth a wide range
of innovative developments, including – for the first time –
teacher-led research into classroom procedures through
experimentation, systematic observation, publication and ensuing
scholarly discourse. Reports by several language teachers are
presented here as examples of early classroom-oriented research. The
chapter outlines what these teachers were trying to achieve in their
language classes, how they reported on their teaching, and what
reactions ensued. Thus, it gives voice to the teachers of the late
19th century, whose work is evidence of their professionalism and
shows that innovation depends on both bottom-up and top-down
processes.
Statistical methodology for developing vertical scales for
language tests
Authors: Gu Lixiong , Li Yanmei , Monfils Lora , Papageorgiou Spiros 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter is the last of the three chapters that describe
the process of design and implementation of a vertical linking project
for language tests based on a multi-year project for the
TOEFL® Family of Assessments. The chapter focuses on the
statistical methodology for developing the listening and reading
vertical scales. Topics covered include the common item linking design,
procedures of Item Response Theory (IRT) scaling and linking to build
the vertical scales, and the method for evaluating measurement precision
across language tests along the proficiency levels on the vertical
scales.
Measuring the environment of a Cs qubit with dynamical decoupling sequences
Authors: Burgardt S , Jäger S B , Feß J , Hiebel S , Schneider I , Widera A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We report the experimental implementation of dynamical decoupling on a small, non-interacting ensemble of up to 25 optically trapped, neutral Cs atoms. The qubit consists of the two magnetic-insensitive Cs clock states

|
F
=
3
,

m
F

=
0
⟩

and

|
F
=
4
,

m
F

=
0
⟩

, which are coupled by microwave radiation. We observe a significant enhancement of the coherence time when employing Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. A CPMG sequence with ten refocusing pulses increases the coherence time of 16.2(9) ms by more than one order of magnitude to 178(2) ms. In addition, we make use of the filter function formalism and utilise the CPMG sequence to measure the background noise floor affecting the qubit coherence, finding a power-law noise spectrum

1

/

ω
α

with

α

=
0.89
(
2
)

. This finding is in very good agreement with an independent measurement of the noise in the intensity of the trapping laser. Moreover, the measured coherence evolutions also exhibit signatures of low-frequency noise originating at distinct frequencies. Our findings point toward noise spectroscopy of engineered atomic baths through single-atom dynamical decoupling in a system of individual Cs impurities immersed in an ultracold 87Rb bath.
Design and characterisation of multi-mode interference reflector lasers for integrated photonics
Authors: Albeladi F T , Gillgrass S , Nabialek J , Mishra P , Forrest R , Albiladi T R , Allford C P , Deng H , Tang M , Liu H-Y , Shutts S , Smowton P M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
InAs quantum dot ridge waveguide lasers comprising single-port multi-mode-interference-reflectors (MMIR) and single-cleaved reflectors are designed, fabricated, and characterised, to demonstrate capability for optoelectronic-integrated-circuits. Simulations of an MMIR show high values of fundamental mode reflectivity (

>
80
%
)

and good selectivity against higher order modes. Deep-etched MMIR lasers fabricated with 0.5 mm long cavities have a threshold current of 24 mA, compared to 75 mA for standard Fabry–Perot cleaved–cleaved FP-RWG lasers of the same length, both at 25 °C, and 56 mA compared to 102 mA at 55 °C. MMIR lasers exhibit stable ground state operation up to 50 °C and show promise as small footprint sources for integrated photonics.
The effect of side substitution and quantum interference on the performance of molecular thermoelectric devices: a brief review
Authors: Tan Shihua , Zeng Jiang , Peng Xiaofang , Chen Ke-Qiu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, researchers have shown great interest in organic thermoelectric materials that are economical, efficient, lightweight, and environmentally friendly. With advancements in experimental measurement techniques and theoretical calculations, investigations of the thermoelectric properties of molecular devices have become feasible. To regulate the thermoelectric properties of molecular devices, many strategies have been proposed. In this work, we review the theoretical analytical and experimental research methods used to study these properties. We then focus on two tuning strategies, side substitution, and quantum interface effects, which have demonstrated significant improvements in the thermoelectric performance of molecular devices. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced in experimental and theoretical studies and the future prospects of molecular thermoelectric devices.
Transverse currents in spin transistors
Authors: Sahoo Bijay Kumar , Soori Abhiram 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In many systems, planar Hall effect wherein transverse signal appears in response to longitudinal stimulus is rooted in spin–orbit coupling (SOC). A spin transistor put forward by Datta and Das on the other hand consists of ferromagnetic leads connected to SOC central region and its conductance can be controlled by tuning the strength of SOC. We find that transverse currents also appear in Datta–Das transistors made by connecting two two-dimensional ferromagnetic reservoirs to a central SOC two-dimensional electron gas. We find that the spin transistor exhibits a nonzero transverse conductivity which depends on the direction of polarization in ferromagnets and the location where it is measured. We study the conductivities for the system with finite and infinite widths. The conductivities exhibit Fabry–Pérot type oscillations as the length of the SOC regions is varied. Interestingly, even in the limit when longitudinal conductivity is made zero by cutting off the junction between the central SOC region and the ferromagnetic lead on one side (right), the transverse conductivities remain nonzero in the regions that are on the left side of the cut-off junction.
Evaluating interfacial bonding quality of multilayered structure based on ultrasonic testing technology
Authors: Li Puxin , Wang Xingguo , Li Xiaogao , Shen Guolang , Ma Chengwen , Huang Zhicheng , Su Shiyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An ultrasonic evaluation method of interfacial bonding quality from layered structures is proposed for enhancing the testing accuracy. The ultrasonic reflection and transmission characteristic is theoretically analyzed, which focus on the different quality of the single and double bonding interface with spring-type. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient mathematic models, which include multiple parameters, are derived from the transfer matrix. Taking the first, second, and the double bonding interface as the research objects, respectively, two types of resonant frequencies have been presented by numerical solving the model, namely, the first type resonance frequency (RFI) and the second type resonance frequency (RFII). The results show that the interval of the RFⅠ is related to medium thickness of the maximum acoustic impedance. Similarly, the interval of the RFⅡ depends on other layers’ thickness. In addition, the transmission coefficient shows a change in different trends with the bonding interface gradually tending to rigid. When the adhesive layer thickness is sufficiently small compared with the wavelength, the reflection coefficient shows many local minima points at a certain frequencies range, the frequency of local minimum point increases with the increase of the stiffness coefficient. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical solution results and finite element analysis results.
Multi-functional 0–3 composite polyimide films for microsystem applications
Authors: Guler Zeynel , Vazquez Irma Rocio , Jackson Nathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of smart functional thin film composite polymer materials has been extensively investigated over the past decade. However, the polymers poor thermal properties have negatively impacted the manufacturing complexity resulting in limited success in microsystem applications. This paper investigates the development of microelectromechanical systems compatible flexible multi-functional 0–3 composite materials consisting of a high temperature polyimide (PI) matrix with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Microfabrication manufacturing methods were investigated to deposit the thin film composites and they were characterized with varying concentrations of nanoparticles. Piezoelectric composites with room temperature d
33,f values up to 23 pC N−1 were demonstrated. In addition, Ag-PI composites demonstrated electrical conductivity values of 11 S m−1 at room temperature. The composites maintain relatively high mechanical flexibility and temperature properties from the PI matrix. Integration of the nanoparticles in the films were validated through x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy images. The PZT-PI composites demonstrated an increase in piezoelectric values under elevated temperatures up to 300 °C. Capacitor and energy harvesting devices consisting of three layers of composite films (Ag-PI/PZT-PI/Ag-PI) were microfabricated to validate the materials functionality and integration into microsystem-based devices. These novel flexible high temperature films could have wide use in next generation electronics.
Structural damage identification with unknown external inputs based on the sparse constraint
Authors: Wei Da , Li Dongsheng , Cai Enjian , Huang Jiezhong , Guo Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The strength and integrity of a structure are determined not only by the quality of its materials, but also by the health of its various components. In some cases, damaged cracks inside the structure will be generated from excessive loads, which may cause catastrophic failure of structures if undetected for a long period. However, at early stages, most of the damages are minor, and therefore difficult to detect by only visual inspection. Thus, in this paper, a damage estimation algorithm based on an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed, which can identify and locate the damage parameters in real time using a limited number of sensors. Meanwhile, using this algorithm, joint force-damage estimation can be achieved, which is very applicable to the structural system with unknown external inputs. On the other hand, for most structures, the distribution of damage parameters in the space domain is sparse. Therefore, the sparsity of the damage parameter vector is introduced to UKF as an l
1-norm constraint by the pseudo measurement (PM) technique. Thus, unconstrained optimization of the damage parameter estimation is transformed into an l1
-norm constrained optimization problem. With such improvement, the process of damage parameter estimation converges faster, and the false damage parameters can be effectively restrained. Moreover, to solve the force drift problem during force identification if only acceleration data is used, the sparse constraint of the force vector is also introduced to the UKF framework by the PM technique. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by two case studies, including numerical simulations of a ten-story shear building and experiments of a three-story shear structure. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify the damage, and successfully resolve the common force drift problem.
Spin two-axis-twisting via coherent population trapping based cavity QED
Authors: Hu Liang , Hu Xiangming , Chen Junyu , Xu Jun , Kong Deyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a spin two-axis-twisting mechanism via coherent population trapping (CPT) based atom–photon interactions. CPT happens and the atoms are trapped in the dark state (coherent superposition of two ground states) when the ground states are resonantly coupled to a common excited state. Close to CPT, the atoms behave as two dark-state based spins, which interact with the common cavity vacuum fields. The otherwise nonexistent interaction is created between them and is identified to be responsible for the two-axis-twisting of the ground state spin. The essential difference from the previous schemes is the compatibility of the twisting spin squeezing with the resonant atom-light interaction. The CPT resonant unit serves as a kind of new ingredients for the quantum networks.
NGC 1068 constraints on neutrino-dark matter scattering
Authors: Cline James M. , Puel Matteo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The IceCube collaboration has observed the first steady-state point source of high-energy
neutrinos, coming from the active galaxy NGC 1068. If neutrinos interacted strongly enough with
dark matter, the emitted neutrinos would have been impeded by the dense spike of dark matter
surrounding the supermassive black hole at the galactic center, which powers the emission. We
derive a stringent upper limit on the scattering cross section between neutrinos and dark matter
based on the observed events and theoretical models of the dark matter spike. The bound can be
stronger than that obtained by the single IceCube neutrino event from the blazar TXS 0506+056 for
some spike models.
Calculating the energy capacity and capacity factor of floating photovoltaic (FPV) power plant in the cirata reservoir using different types of solar panels
Authors: Febrian H G , Supriyanto A , Purwanto H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe trend to use solar energy as an electrical energy source continues to grow around the world. Located on the equator, Indonesia has the potential for continuously available solar energy throughout the year, which means that the use of solar energy as a solar power plant need to be increased. Floating solar power plant is a solution for solar power plant development in areas where land is limited due to high population density. One of the reservoirs currently under development and construction of floating solar power plant under the Electric Power Supply Business Plan 2021 – 2030 is the Cirata Reservoir with power capacity of 145 MWp. This study aims to obtain the results of the calculation of the energy capacity and capacity factor of the 145 MWp Cirata Reservoir floating solar power plant using different types of solar panel with RETScreen Expert software. This study uses data analysis techniques. The annual energy capacity results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types are 190.54 GWh, 190.54 GWh, and 186.87 GWh respectively. The capacity factor results for monocrystalline, polycrystaline, and thin-film solar cell module types respectively are 15.00%; 15.00%; and 14.70%.