bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomographic manifestations of celiac ganglia between hypertensive and non‐hypertensive population
Authors: Xiao Wenkai , Long Xueying , Chen Junyu , Tan Yu , Cheng Xunjie , Gong Li , Qiu Xueting , Ma Tianqi , Bai Yongping , Li Chuanchang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe celiac ganglion (CG) is associated with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The characteristics of the CG in patients with hypertension remain unknown. The aim of our study was to explore the differences in celiac ganglia (CGs) characteristics between hypertensive and non‐hypertensive populations using computed tomography (CT). CGs manifestations on multidetector row CT in 1003 patients with and without hypertension were retrospectively analyzed. The morphological characteristics and CT values of the left CGs were recorded. The CT values of the ipsilateral adrenal gland (AG) and crus of the diaphragm (CD) were also measured. The left CG was located between the left AG and CD, and most CGs were long strips. The frequency of visualization of the left CGs was higher in the hypertension group than in the non‐hypertension group (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the maximum diameter, size, and shape ratio of the left CGs between the two groups (p > .05). Except for the left CG in the arterial phase, the CT values of the left CG and AG in the non‐hypertensive group were higher than those in the hypertension group (p < .05). The venous phase enhancement of the left CG in the non‐hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group (p < .05). Our findings reveal that CGs have characteristic manifestations in the hypertensive population. As important targets of the SNS, CGs have the potential to regulate blood pressure.
Structurally compromised teeth. Part II: A novel approach to peripheral build up procedures
Authors: Fichera Guido , Mazzitelli Claudia , Picciariello Vincenzo , Maravic Tatjana , Josic Uros , Mazzoni Annalisa , Breschi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce the “Peripheral Build‐Up technique – PBUt” as a foundation restoration strategy for structurally compromised teeth (SCT).Clinical ConsiderationsSeveral strategies have been proposed over time (cervical marginal relocation, doughnut, and preformed ring techniques) to enable the management of restorative procedures in challenging situations such as the presence of deep subgingival defects. The PBUt is a versatile, completely additive direct technique that share some strategical concepts with these techniques to approach critical clinical situations while supplying a wider field of application thanks to distinct operative expedients. The clamp insertion modality, the extension of the proximal wall and the matrix customization/stabilization strategies adopted in PBUt endorse the possibility to manage the most apical and peripheral border of the residual tooth structure when located up to >1.5 mm above the bone crest. The periodontal response has to be then monitored over time. Moreover, thanks to the peripheral and apically‐extended addictive approach, it allows a massive preservation of residual sound tooth structure and improves the resistance and retentive physical/geometrical features of the abutment tooth. The PBUt operative workflow is herein explained.Clinical SignificanceThe Peripheral‐Build‐Up technique (PBUt) advocates some innovative clinical restorative steps for the management of SCT with coronal and deep subgingival defects.
Similarities between friends on service, activism, and awareness of inequities in an adolescent social network
Authors: Wegemer Christopher M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis brief report characterizes the tendency of adolescent friends to be similar on civic behaviors and critical consciousness. Using two waves of network data from a high school that serves primarily low‐income Latiné youth (2019, N = 519; 2020, N = 521), the present study examined homophily on service, activism, and awareness of inequities. The results of Exponential Random Graph Models indicated that adolescents tended to be friends with peers who had similar service behavior and awareness of inequities, but not activism. The findings suggest that schools could foster civic engagement by providing infrastructure that encourages civic interactions between peers. The current study highlights the potential that social network analysis holds for generating novel insights into the relational underpinnings of youth civic engagement.
Reading to Dogs as a form of animal‐assisted education: are positive outcomes supported by quality research?
Authors: Steel Jill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReading to Dogs (RTD) in schools, a form of animal‐assisted education (AAE), is growing in popularity and prevalence. RTD involves children reading to a registered dog with benefits to well‐being and reading outcomes thought to arise because of the unconditional positive regard and non‐critical listening bestowed on the child by the dog. Yet RTD research is underdeveloped, and the practice lacks a substantial evidence base, casting dubiety over RTD's suitability for adoption in schools. This paper examines the research to date, exploring methodological factors and the potential efficacy of RTD for improving children's reading outcomes. Building on Hall et al.'s (2016) systematic review of RTD, related reviews, in addition to individual studies of relevance, are explored, followed by a brief discussion of further pertinent issues in RTD research. Cautious optimism about RTD as an impactful intervention to support reading outcomes is suggested, providing impetus for further research of increased quality.
Social Studies of Science and Technology: New ways to illuminate challenges in training for health information technologies utilisation
Authors: Rangel J. Cristian , Humphrey‐Murto Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextElectronic health records (EHRs) have transformed clinical practice. They are not simply replacements for paper records but integrated systems with the potential to improve patient safety and quality of care. Training physicians in the use of EHR is a highly complex intervention that occurs in a dynamic socio‐technical health system. Training in this complex space is considered a wicked problem and would benefit from different analytic approaches to the traditional linear causal relationship analysis. Social Sciences theories see technological change in relation to complex social and institutional processes and provide a useful starting point.AimOur aim, therefore, is to introduce the medical education scholar to a selection of theoretical approaches from the Social Studies of Science and Technology (SSST) literatures, to inform educational efforts in training for EHR use.MethodsWe suggest a body of theories and frameworks that can expand the epistemological repertoire of medical education scholarship to respond to this wicked problem. Drawing from our work on EHR implementation, we discuss current limitations in framing training for EHRs use as a research problem in medical education. We then present a selection of alternative theories.ResultsUnified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) explains the individual adoption of new technologies in the workplace and has four key constructs: performance/effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. Social Practice Theory (SPT), rather than focusing on individuals or institutions, starts with the activity or practice. The socio‐technical model (STM) is a comprehensive theory that offers a multidimensional framework for studying the innovation and application of EHRs. Practical examples are provided.ConclusionsWe argue that education for effective utilisation of EHRs requires moving beyond the epistemological monism often present in the field. New theoretical lenses can illuminate the complexity of research to identify the best practices for educating and training physicians.
Venous thoracic outlet syndrome, as a pitfall for cardiac implantable electronic device implantations
Authors: Kawano Daisuke , Mori Hitoshi , Taniwaki Masanori , Tsutsui Kenta , Kato Ritsushi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe subclavian vein is typically used in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations. External stress on the subclavian vein can lead to lead‐related complications. There are several causes of this stress, such as frequent upper extremity movements or external injury. Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) can also become the cause of external lead stress. However, the diagnosis of venous TOS can be challenging because subclavian venography can appear normal at first glance. We present a unique case of a device infection in a patient with venous TOS. A careful observation of the imaging studies is vital for diagnosing venous TOS and a leadless pacemaker implantation could be an alternative therapeutic option.
The interactive effects of different facets of threat uncertainty and cognitive load in shaping fear and anxiety responses
Authors: Seo Deachul , Balderston Nicholas L. , Berenbaum Howard , Hur Juyoen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA large body of research indicates that exaggerated response to uncertainty of a future threat is at the core of anxiety and related disorders, underscoring the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Although behavioral and neuroimaging studies have suggested a close relationship between uncertainty responses and cognitive control, little is known about what elements of uncertainty are more or less vulnerable to cognitive modulation in shaping aversive responses. Leveraging a novel paradigm, an n‐back working memory task embedded within a modified threat‐of‐shock paradigm, we examined how the influences of different facets of uncertainty (i.e., occurrence and timing) on psychophysiological responses were modulated by cognitive load. Psychophysiological responses were assessed using the acoustic startle reflex. Replicating prior work, the effects of cognitive load and temporal unpredictability of threat on startle responses were evident. The effect of occurrence unpredictability appears to depend on other factors. Under low cognitive load, startle response was potentiated when both the occurrence and the timing of threat were predictable. Under high cognitive load, startle response was significantly reduced, especially when a threat context involves uncertainty in both temporal and probability domains. These observations provide a framework for refining the model of fear and anxiety and for understanding the etiology of psychological disorders characterized by maladaptive uncertainty responses.
Predicting FDI inflows: Exploring a nonlinear relationship between peace years, oil wealth, and the rule of law
Authors: Kim Hye‐Sung , Ryu Jeheung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite previous studies investigating the impacts of various factors such as peace years, natural resources, and the rule of law on foreign direct investment (FDI), empirical findings remain inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigates the interplay between these factors in shaping host country conditions that facilitate FDI inflows. Using generalized additive models, we examine the simultaneous effects of peace years, oil wealth, and the rule of law on FDI inflows in a sample of non‐OECD countries from 1970 to 2009. Our results reveal that established peace is a critical factor in attracting FDI inflows for both oil‐exporting and non‐oil‐exporting countries. However, the effects of the rule of law vary depending on oil wealth. Oil‐exporting countries receive more FDI inflows when they have a weak rather than a strong rule of law, while non‐oil‐exporting countries tend to receive more foreign investments when they have a moderately strong rule of law. We argue that countries with oil wealth combined with a moderately weak rule of law provide an environment that is conducive to multinational corporations (MNCs) in extractive industries seeking monopoly rents. Conversely, countries without oil wealth should create stable yet efficient environments that protect property rights and promote labor market flexibility to appeal to non‐resource‐seeking MNCs.
Building partnerships with local schools
Authors: Ahuja Neha , Golding Bethany , Pilling Rachel , Moula Zoe , Gaon Joshua , Maini Arti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical schools have a responsibility to support their students in developing an understanding of the complex concepts of a ‘VUCA’ (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) world. To achieve this, service learning approaches have been increasingly successfully employed for students to learn through participating in activities addressing local community priorities. Sharing outcomes and lessons from such programmes is essential for advancing service learning. We present the evaluation of a new service learning module co‐designed at Imperial College London with local schools and wider stakeholders.ApproachStudents partnered with local schoolteachers to design and implement inclusive science‐based after‐school sessions for secondary school pupils. The module aimed to foster critical reflection on social accountability, power and privilege whilst encouraging aspirations for higher education in school pupils.EvaluationOur evaluation draws on the perspectives of stakeholders in the first iteration of the module in 2021. Qualitative data were collected through university student reflections, presentations and debriefs (n = 20); semi‐structured interviews with schoolteachers (n = 6); and questionnaires with wider stakeholders (n = 6). The evaluation revealed mutual benefits, as students reflected on their own societal roles, whilst considering the complexities of concepts such as inclusivity, power and privilege. Schoolteachers highlighted students' impact as inspiring role models for pupils, fostering aspirations for higher education.ImplicationsThis module provides a replicable framework for supporting students in developing their reflections on their role in our VUCA world whilst addressing the priorities identified by local schools. The evaluation highlighted the importance of working collaboratively with community stakeholders when embarking on service learning projects.
Impact of invasive fungal infections in men from a state in southern Brazil: A geospatial analysis
Authors: Gomes Ferreira Deisiany , Gadêlha Marina , Ricardo Vissoci João , Negri Melyssa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the records of male hospitalisation for fungal infections, including their spatial distribution and the main invasive epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics in the State of Paraná, Brazil.MethodsSpatial analysis based on data from male admission records for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in the State of Paraná, from 2015 to 2019. Data were taken from the hospital records obtained in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System, being collected, georeferenced and analysed to infer the existence of autocorrelation with the hospitalisation rates in the state.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2019, there were 385 cases of IFIs in men, being more prevalent in white individuals aged 61–70 years. We observed that the metropolitan, southeast, central‐eastern, north‐central, northwestern and western regions formed high–high clusters, with regions with a high number of registered cases. In the regression, there was an association with socioeconomic and demographic factors that showed a correlation with the rates of hospitalisation for IFIs.ConclusionThe study draws attention to Paraná as an endemic region for paracoccidioidomycosis, in addition to presenting high rates of nosocomial fungal infections. We also emphasise the importance of compulsory notification in the state and in the country to gain greater control over the incidence and prevalence of cases and to incentivise the creation of public policies for the prevention of IFIs.
Lateral detachment forces of Bacillus niabensis and Alteromonas litorea against antifouling paint additive
Authors: Wan Dagang Wan Rosmiza Zana , Noor Al-Amin Murni , Nik Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam , Jamaluddin Haryati 
Published: August 2023

Bacterial adhesion on various marine biotic or abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation paves the path of biofouling in marine environment. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the lateral detachment forces between coated antifouling paint additive and local isolated marine bacteria; Bacillus niabensis and Alteromonas litorea using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A paint additive was prepared by employing the active compounds, silver ion (Ag+) and surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) embedded in the kaolinite clay structure. An incubated 100 µL bacterial suspension loaded onto the coated antifouling paint additive were scanned using AFM with the scan rate of 40 µm/s and scan size of 10 × 10 µm2. Lateral detachment force was measured from a lower set point value of 0.3V to a maximum set point 10.0V. A weak interaction was observed between the model bacteria and paint additive (Or-Ag-Kao) coated surface with the mean lateral detachment force of 139.4 nN (B. niabensis) and 146.2 nN (A. litorea). Major contact surface area reduction observed on paint additive (Or-Ag-Kao) coated surfaces with 0.275 µm2 for B. niabensis and 0.391 µm2 for A. litorea indicated that paint additive coating successfully minimized bacterial attachment on the surface. The antifouling paint additive shows a reduction in lateral forces and minimized its surface contact, which could further prevent the microfouling formation on marine structures.
How does the chromatic number of a random graph vary?
Authors: Heckel Annika , Riordan Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chromatic number of a graph is a fundamental parameter, whose study was originally motivated by applications ( is the minimum number of internally compatible groups the vertices can be divided into, if the edges represent incompatibility). As with other graph parameters, it is also studied from a purely theoretical point of view, and here a key question is: what is its typical value? More precisely, how does , the chromatic number of a graph chosen uniformly at random from all graphs on vertices, behave? This quantity is a random variable, so one can ask (i) for upper and lower bounds on its typical values, and (ii) for bounds on how much it varies: what is the width (for example, standard deviation) of its distribution? On (i) there has been considerable progress over the last 45 years; on (ii), which is our focus here, remarkably little. One would like both upper and lower bounds on the width of the distribution, and ideally a description of the (appropriately scaled) limiting distribution. There is a well‐known upper bound of Shamir and Spencer of order , improved slightly by Alon to , but no non‐trivial lower bound was known until 2019, when the first author proved that the width is at least for infinitely many , answering a longstanding question of Bollobás. In this paper we have two main aims: first, we shall prove a much stronger lower bound on the width. We shall show unconditionally that, for some values of , the width is at least , matching the upper bounds up to the error term. Moreover, conditional on a recently announced sharper explicit estimate for the chromatic number, we improve the lower bound to order , within a logarithmic factor of the upper bound. Second, we will describe a number of conjectures as to what the true behaviour of the variation in is, and why. The first form of this conjecture arises from recent work of Bollobás, Heckel, Morris, Panagiotou, Riordan and Smith. We will also give much more detailed conjectures, suggesting that the true width, for the worst case , matches our lower bound up to a constant factor. These conjectures also predict a Gaussian limiting distribution.
Understanding people’s decisions when choosing or declining a kidney transplant: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Jones Emma Louise , Shakespeare Kate , McLaughlin Leah , Noyes Jane 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo synthesise qualitative research exploring patients’ perspectives, experiences and factors influencing their decision-making preferences when choosing or declining kidney transplantation.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis.Data sourcesElectronic databases were searched from 2000 to June 2021: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest Core Databases for Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaQualitative studies exploring and reporting decision-making preferences of people with kidney disease, which reported influencing factors when choosing or declining kidney transplantation, published in English from high-income and middle-income countries.Data extraction and synthesisTitles were screened against the inclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis was done with the use of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist to assess study quality, and assessment of confidence in the qualitative findings was done using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research.Findings37 studies from 11 countries reported the perspectives of 1366 patients with kidney disease. Six descriptive themes were developed: decisional preferences influenced patients’ readiness to pursue kidney transplantation, gathering sufficient information to support decision-making, navigating the kidney transplant assessment pathway, desire for kidney transplantation, opposed to kidney transplantation and uncertainties while waiting for the kidney transplant. A new enhanced theoretical model was developed to aid understanding of the complexities of decision-making in people with kidney disease, by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Adaptive Decision Maker Framework to incorporate the novel findings.ConclusionThe synthesis provides a better understanding of the extremely complex decision-making processes of people with kidney disease, which are aligned to their kidney transplantation preferences. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for declining kidney transplantation, and to underpin development of personalised information, interventions and support for patients to make informed decisions when presented with kidney replacement options.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021272588.