bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated classification of cardiac arrhythmia using short-duration ECG signals and machine learning
Authors: Biswakarma Amar Bahadur , Rahul Jagdeep , Kurmendra  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate detection of cardiac arrhythmias is crucial for preventing premature deaths. The current study employs a dual-stage Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a median filter to eliminate noise from ECG signals. Subsequently, ECG signals are segmented, and QRS regions are extracted for further preprocessing. The study considers five cardiac arrhythmias: normal beats, Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC), Premature Atrial Contractions (PAC), Right Bundle Branch Block (R-BBB), and Left Bundle Branch Block (L-BBB) for classification. Nine distinct temporal features are extracted from the segmented QRS complex. These features are then applied to six different classifiers for arrhythmia classification. The classifiers’ performance is evaluated using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MIT-BIH AD). Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Ensemble Tree classifiers demonstrate superior performance in classifying the five different classes. Particularly, the Support Vector Machine classifier achieves high sensitivity (97.44%), specificity (99.36%), positive predictive value (97.44%), and accuracy (98.97%) with a Gaussian kernel. This comprehensive approach, integrating preprocessing, and feature extraction, holds promise for improving automatic cardiac arrhythmia classification in clinical trials.
Quantum integration of decay rates at second order in perturbation theory
Authors: Martínez de Lejarza Jorge J , Rentería-Estrada David F , Grossi Michele , Rodrigo Germán 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the first quantum computation of a total decay rate in high-energy physics at second order in perturbative quantum field theory. This work underscores the confluence of two recent cutting-edge advances. On the one hand, the quantum integration algorithm quantum Fourier iterative amplitude estimation, which efficiently decomposes the target function into its Fourier series through a quantum neural network before quantumly integrating the corresponding Fourier components. On the other hand, causal unitary in the loop-tree duality (LTD), which exploits the causal properties of vacuum amplitudes in LTD to coherently generate all contributions with different numbers of final-state particles to a scattering or decay process, leading to singularity-free integrands that are well suited for Fourier decomposition. We test the performance of the quantum algorithm with benchmark decay rates in a quantum simulator and in quantum hardware, and find accurate theoretical predictions in both settings.
Understanding the influence of hydrogen on BCC iron grain boundaries using the kinetic activation relaxation technique (k-ART)
Authors: Khosravi Aynour , Song Jun , Mousseau Normand 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) poses a significant challenge to the mechanical integrity of iron and its alloys. This study explores the influence of hydrogen atoms on two distinct grain boundaries (GBs),

Σ
37

and

Σ
3

, in body-centered-cubic (BCC) iron. Using the kinetic activation relaxation technique , an off-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo approach with an EAM-based potential, extensive catalogs of activated events for atoms in both H-free and H-saturated GBs were generated. Studying the diffusion of H, we find that, for these systems, while GB is energetically favorable for H, this element diffuses more slowly at the GBs than in the bulk. The results further indicate that the

Σ
3

GB exhibits higher stability in its pure form compared to the

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37

GB, with notable differences in energy barriers and diffusion behaviors. Moreover, with detailed information about the evolution landscape around the GB, we find that the saturation of a GB with hydrogen both stabilizes the GB by shifting barriers associated with Fe diffusion to higher energies and reducing the number of diffusion events. For the

Σ
37

GB, the presence of hydrogen causes elastic deformation, affecting the diffusion of Fe atoms both at the GB and in adjacent positions. This results in new diffusion pathways but with higher diffusion barriers, unlike for the

Σ
3

GB. These results indicate that the presence of hydrogen rigidifies the direct GB interface layers while allowing more atoms to be active for the

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37

GB. This provides a microscopic basis to support the existence of competing mechanisms compatible with either plasticity (such as hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity—HELP) or energy-dominated (hydrogen enhanced decohesion mechanism—HEDE) embrittlement, with the relative importance of these mechanisms determined by the local geometry of the GBs.
Evaluation of safe exposure time for two-photon microscopy imaging of acrylic-painted mock-ups
Authors: Mattana Sara , Dal Fovo Alice , Baria Enrico , Fontana Raffaella , Cicchi Riccardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopies are widely used in the biological and biomedical fields, as they are non-invasive techniques that permit the safe structural and morphological characterisation of cells and tissues. They are increasingly being used in the Cultural Heritage field because of their ability to overcome some limits of the well-established optical techniques. However, since nonlinear optical microscopies use pulsed laser sources with high peak power, their application in Cultural Heritage raises concerns due to artworks’ unique, priceless, and delicate nature. In this paper, we present a new method for evaluating the photo-induced damage when using a near-infrared femtosecond pulsed laser to perform two-photon excited fluorescence imaging of acrylic-painted mock-ups. In particular, we explore herein several irradiation conditions, varying the exposure time and excitation power, in order to provide useful experimental indications for safely imaging acrylic paints with two-photon microscopy.
Interface characterization of additively manufactured Inconel 718 heterogeneous products: microstructural and surface characteristics
Authors: Shrivastava Abhishek , Kumar S Anand , Rao Samrat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present work analyses the effect of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) remanufacturing of wrought Inconel 718 on the metallurgical and surface characteristics of the part. The remanufactured part experienced geometrical mismatch due to computer-aided design (CAD) misalignment with the substrate. As a result, a ∼200 μm shift in a material deposition is observed, leading to a material deposition without support from the substrate on one edge. The microstructural analysis of the remanufactured part showed an interface between the wrought substrate and LPBF processed layers. The substrate showed an equiaxed grain structure. However, a strongly textured columnar grain structure was observed in the remanufactured region. The remanufactured Inconel 718 showed lower micro-hardness, inhibiting the precipitation of strengthening precipitates during the LPBF process. The surface characterization showed a higher surface roughness and anisotropy in material distribution for overhanging edges due to layer deformation and lack of support from the substrate. It was observed that due to geometry mismatch, the overhanging side experienced layer deformation, thus leading to the formation of large undulations on the surface. A higher area fraction of fused powder particles on the overhanging side shows ineffective heat transfer due to the region’s lack of efficient support.
A method for mitigating NLOS error for UWB based on CNN-stacked-LSTM model
Authors: Zhang Lieping , Liu Jinming , Zheng Xinpeng , Zou Jianchu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address the shortcomings of traditional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) mitigation, such as the large amount of training data required and the lengthy training times, in order to enhance the model’s ability to process spatial features and multi-level features, this paper proposes an NLOS mitigation method based on Stacked Long Short-Term Memory (Stacked-LSTM) network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This method combines CNN and Stacked-LSTM models to efficiently extract spatial and higher-level temporal features from the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) signal, reducing the input dimension and improving the performance of the model. The constructed CNN-Stacked-LSTM model is used to mitigate NLOS errors and reduce the impact of NLOS in the original ranging data. In the model performance validation experiment, the accuracy of the CNN-Stacked-LSTM model was improved by 4%–14% compared with the CNN-LSTM, Transformer, Attention-LSTM and LSTM models, and the training time was reduced by 0.07h compared with the traditional LSTM model. The experimental results in the two actual Ultra-WideBand (UWB) environments show that compared with the other four models, the RMSE value of the CNN-Stacked-LSTM model proposed in this paper is reduced by 19.55%–58.96% and 8.64%–45.52%, respectively. It has the best mitigation effect on NLOS and the highest positioning accuracy.
Enhancing solar energy collection with the implementation of a dual-axis tracking system
Authors: Singh Rajendra , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Tiwari Neeraj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper describes the design and control of a two-axis solar tracking system that is unique in integration and uncomplicated in structure. Concerning the accumulation of solar energy, the system adopts a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) power plant model. Theoretical analysis of the output of the system including the impact of the solar radiation was also done and a comparison was made with a fixed axis SPV station provided with fixed stand tilt at 30° south. As shown in the outcomes, the efficiency of the proposed dual-axis tracking system is much higher than that of the keeper-stationary positioning scheme. These results proved the hypothesis of the effectiveness of the proposed SPV system from both experimental and theoretical positions. A comparison of data indicated that the tracking system tapped much more solar energy than the fixed system. Consequently, this research aims at transforming and investigating the feasibility of small and medium scale SPV power uses employing dual-axis solar tracking systems.
A microcantilever-based viscometer for inline determination of liquid viscosity
Authors: Esmaeili Sahar , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inline viscosity monitoring is crucial for process control in many industrial plants. In this study, a viscometer was designed and fabricated based on microfluidic technology, and the influence of effective parameters on its performance was investigated. The construction of the viscometer involved the fabrication of two microcantilevers using polydimethylsiloxane. One microcantilever was designed with a circular cross-section featuring a diameter of 300 μm, while the other was crafted with a triangular cross-section, characterized by a base of 270 μm and a height of 250 μm. Both microcantilevers measured 3 mm in height and were meticulously positioned within separate millichannels; each dimensioned at 2 × 5 × 30 mm3. The precision required for the millichannels and additional components was achieved using a mini-CNC milling machine. To evaluate the performance of the viscometer, a series of water-glycerol solutions comprising 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, and 80% glycerol were injected into a microchannel. The flow rate was systematically varied between 3 and 18 ml min−1 in increments of 3 ml min−1, utilizing a syringe pump for precise control. The resultant displacement of the microcantilever, attributed to the fluid flow, was meticulously recorded using a digital camera. According to the experimental results, the displacement curves of circular and triangular microcantilevers are linear with viscosity; increasing the viscosity and flow rate of the fluid passing through the millichannel increases the microcantilever displacement rate. The response time of the microcantilever with a circular cross-section is 3 to 9 s, and that of the microcantilever with a triangular cross-section is 2 to 12 s. Also, the results of multiple tests in the same conditions showed that the system has a repeatability error of 4%. Finally, it can be concluded that the proposed device can be used to measure the viscosity of liquids within a specific range.
Performance of a novel gating excitation circuit for an addressing ultrasonic sensor array
Authors: Shoupeng Song , Qichao Shen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study designed a gating excitation circuit for an addressing ultrasonic sensor array. The designed circuit comprises block-shaped lead zirconate titanate elements and has a modular design, maximizing the addressing excitation scale to 1024 (32 × 32) elements. A microcontroller generates a 32-bit addressing gating code sequence, which is then decoded by a shift register to generate a gating code signal. The rising and falling edges of this signal trigger the switching circuit to gate or isolate specific elements, thus achieving the addressing excitation of different array elements. The developed gating excitation circuit meets the excitation requirements of addressing ultrasonic sensor arrays with a central frequency range of 1–5 MHz. Within this frequency range, excitation pulses exhibit excellent gating and isolation performance, thereby ensuring the effective transmission and blocking of unipolar and bipolar pulses. Experimental results indicated that the designed circuit realized coded gating excitation for various elements in an addressing ultrasonic sensor array, thus effectively isolating pulse signal interference from other elements. The maximum on-state attenuation and off-state attenuation were 0.09 and 68.52 dB, respectively. Moreover, the designed circuit considerably reduces the circuit scale, minimizes the number of control signals, and exhibits high scalability. Overall, this design can serve as a valuable reference for the development of large-scale addressing ultrasonic sensor arrays.
Predicting nonequilibrium Green’s function dynamics and photoemission spectra via nonlinear integral operator learning
Authors: Zhu Yuanran , Yin Jia , Reeves Cian C , Yang Chao , Vlček Vojtěch 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems is an important research topic in a wide range of fields across condensed matter physics, quantum optics, and high-energy physics. However, numerical studies of large-scale nonequilibrium phenomena in realistic materials face serious challenges due to intrinsic high-dimensionality of quantum many-body problems and the absence of time-invariance. The nonequilibrium properties of many-body systems can be described by the dynamics of the correlator, or the Green’s function of the system, whose time evolution is given by a high-dimensional system of integro-differential equations, known as the Kadanoff–Baym equations (KBEs). The time-convolution term in KBEs, which needs to be recalculated at each time step, makes it difficult to perform long-time numerical simulation. In this paper, we develop an operator-learning framework based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to address this challenge. We utilize RNNs to learn the nonlinear mapping between Green’s functions and convolution integrals in KBEs. By using the learned operators as a surrogate model in the KBE solver, we obtain a general machine-learning scheme for predicting the dynamics of nonequilibrium Green’s functions. Besides significant savings per each time step, the new methodology reduces the temporal computational complexity from

O
(

N
t
3

)

to

O
(

N
t

)

where Nt
is the number of steps taken in a simulation, thereby making it possible to study large many-body problems which are currently infeasible with conventional KBE solvers. Through various numerical examples, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the operator-learning based approach in providing accurate predictions of physical observables such as the reduced density matrix and time-resolved photoemission spectra. Moreover, our framework exhibits clear numerical convergence and can be easily parallelized, thereby facilitating many possible further developments and applications.
Slax: a composable JAX library for rapid and flexible prototyping of spiking neural networks
Authors: Summe Thomas M , Joshi Siddharth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer rich temporal dynamics and unique capabilities, but their training presents challenges. While backpropagation through time with surrogate gradients is the defacto standard for training SNNs, it scales poorly with long time sequences. Alternative learning rules and algorithms could help further develop models and systems across the spectrum of performance, bio-plausibility, and complexity. However, these alternatives are not consistently implemented with the same, if any, SNN framework, often complicating their comparison and use. To address this, we introduce Slax, a JAX-based library designed to accelerate SNN algorithm design and evaluation. Slax is compatible with the broader JAX and Flax ecosystem and provides optimized implementations of diverse training algorithms, enabling direct performance comparisons. Its toolkit includes methods to visualize and debug algorithms through loss landscapes, gradient similarities, and other metrics of model behavior during training. By streamlining the implementation and evaluation of novel SNN learning algorithms, Slax aims to facilitate research and development in this promising field.
Are the ways women cope with stressors related to their health behaviors over time?
Authors: Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , Smith Scott G , Kubzansky Laura D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Emerging research suggests the use of certain strategies to cope with stressors relate to disease and mortality risk, and lifestyle habits may be underlying mechanisms. Studies show psychological symptoms (eg, anxiety) and states (eg, happiness) predict the likelihood of adopting an integrated lifestyle that encompasses key health-related behaviors, like smoking. Yet, whether psychological processes, including stress-related coping, influence the adoption of a healthy lifestyle is unknown. We investigated whether coping strategies typically deemed adaptive (eg, seeking emotional support) and maladaptive (eg, denial) relate to sustaining a healthy lifestyle over a 16-year follow-up. We also explored whether variability in the use of these strategies, reflecting attempts to find the best strategy for a given stressor, subsequently relates to lifestyle.

Methods
Women (N = 46 067) from the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort reported their use of 8 coping strategies in 2001, from which we also derived coping variability levels (lower, moderate, greater). Health behaviors (eg, physical activity, smoking, sleep), self-reported every 4 years from baseline until 2017, were combined into a lifestyle score. Generalized estimating equations, controlling for baseline demographics and health-related factors, were performed.

Results
Most adaptive strategies and greater variability levels were associated with a higher likelihood of sustaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, active coping, relative risk [RR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.11), with the reverse evident with maladaptive strategies (eg, behavioral disengagement, RR = 0.94, CI, 0.93-0.95), but some unexpected results also emerged.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of going beyond the usual (mal)adaptive categorization of coping strategies when investigating their predictive value with behavioral outcomes.
Morphology and development of immature stages of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important endoparasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Lu Jia-Yan , Luo Xi , Chai Jing , Li Zhen-Xiao , Shu Xiao-Han , Ye Xi-Qian , Li Hong-Ming , Zhang Han , Zhan You-Guo , Tang Pu , Chen Xue-Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microplitis manilae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitic wasp of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a significant agricultural pest. We compared the parasitism of M. manilae on the first-, second-, and third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda and found that M. manilae prefered the second instar. We investigated the effect of 5 temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) on the development period in the immature stage of M. manilae and found that moderately high temperatures shortened the development time. Considering the development period, cocooning rate, and emergence rate, 26 °C was the optimal temperature for the highest value of females’ fecundity. We also examined the development of the immature stage of M. manilae by dissecting parasitized hosts and cocoons in the laboratory. Our results revealed that the eggs matured within 2 d, and the larvae progressed through 3 instars, culminating in a total developmental period of about 9 d. The prepupal stage retained the larval form, and the pupa pigment gradually precipitated after molting. All stages were documented in detailed micrographs. Our study lays a robust foundation for further studies on the physiological interactions between M. manilae and S. frugiperda.
Regulation of eumelanogenesis-related genes by ethanol extract of Melaleuca leucadendron leaves
Authors: Park Myungsam , Nho Younhwa , Muhamad Insanu , Defri Rizaldy , Hwang Jae Sung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Eumelanin, a type of skin melanin pigment, possesses the ability to absorb a wide range of wavelengths, providing protection to the skin from ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive production of eumelanin may result in hyperpigmentation. Consequently, the development of skin-brightening products that suppress eumelanin synthesis to achieve a lighter and more even skin tone is necessary. The present study investigated the potential application of Melaleuca leucadendron as a natural skin-brightening agent. We investigated the effects of the ethanol leaf extract of M. leucadendron on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and identified the key factors involved in melanogenesis. This leaf extract significantly inhibited melanin production by downregulating the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase without causing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, it substantially reduced melanin content in a 3D skin model. These results suggest that the extract of M. leucadendron is a promising, safe, and effective skin-brightening agent.
Personal, professional, and social benefits from leisure engagement among social workers: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Wu Yaojian , Chen Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the increasing attention to social workers’ self-care and their provision of leisure-related services, the interplay of leisure and work among social workers remains underexplored. Informed by the Serious Leisure Perspective, this study investigated the experience of social workers engaging in leisure and integrating it into their professional lives. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four Chinese social workers. Using thematic analysis, this study revealed three major themes. First, social workers gained personal benefits from coping with challenging professional work through leisure engagement. Second, they derived professional benefits from leveraging leisure skills to enhance professional practice. Third, they fostered social benefits from facilitating community and social connections through social leisure. The findings provided evidence for the common ground between social work and leisure, contributing to unpacking the ways in which social workers leveraged leisure to enhance self-care and professional competence. Future studies need to advance leisure studies of social workers and focus on their leisure careers to achieve self-fulfilment in promoting personal and social well-being.