bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ‐induced epiphytic crystallization of MC PA6 by self‐assembled nucleator and reinforcing effect
Authors: Yin Xiaotong , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonomer casting nylon‐6 (MC PA6), as a high‐performance engineering plastic, replaces metals to be widely applied, while further improving the mechanical properties of MC PA6 is significant for its withstanding heavy loads and increasing its range of applications. In this work, amide nucleating agent (NUDA) with good compatibility and crystal matching relationship with PA6 was firstly dissolved in ε‐caprolactam monomer, and MC PA6‐NUDA was synthesized in situ. NUDA self‐assembled into special frameworks and induced epiphytic crystallization of PA6 to form an enhanced sheaf‐like crystal on its surface with microfibrillar structure during the parallel polymerization–crystallization process. Incorporation of appropriate content of NUDA improved the melting/crystallization point and crystallinity with decreasing grain size obviously, and advanced the crystallization process of MC PA6 mainly via reducing the nucleation potential energy and inducing the formation of crystal nuclei. As a result, the glass transition temperature increased, the tensile strength exhibited a significant 22% increase and the fracture toughness was nearly three times that of neat MC PA6. Meanwhile, deformation with many yield folds as well as stress‐whitening phenomena were observed on the impact‐fractured surfaces, presenting a ductile fracture feature, indicating reinforcing and toughening effect of NUDA on the PA6 matrix. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Registration of 64 soybean germplasm lines with all combinations of five soybean aphid resistance genes in two genetic backgrounds
Authors: Diers Brian W. , Lagos‐Kutz Doris M. , Schultz Sarah J. , Cary Troy , Wang Dechun , Hartman Glen L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoybean aphid is a serious pest in North America, and infestations can cause economically significant losses. Aphid resistance genes have been identified and mapped with genetic markers, and the deployment of cultivars with pyramids of these genes could offer durable resistance. There is a need, however, for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines with different gene pyramids to be developed and tested to improve our understanding of what combinations provide the most resistance across aphid biotypes. We backcrossed the resistance genes Rag1, Rag2, Rag3, Rag4, and Rag6 into the background of two soybean cultivars, and lines with all 32 combinations of these five genes were developed in each background. These lines, LD19‐APH01–LD19‐APH64 (Reg. no. GP‐459–GP‐522, PI 701410–PI 701473), were evaluated for agronomic traits in the field and lines from one background were evaluated for resistance to four soybean aphid biotypes. There were significant differences among the performance of the backcross lines for agronomic traits; however, yield performance for most of the backcross lines did not significantly differ from the recurrent parent. Those lines with the Rag6 resistance gene and many gene pyramids showed a high level of resistance to all four aphid biotypes. Because these lines have the resistance genes in a mostly uniform background, they will be a useful source of germplasm for researchers studying soybean aphid isolates and the interaction between resistance genes and aphid isolates, as well as for breeders who are developing germplasm with resistance gene pyramids.
A shockwave calculation method for aluminized explosive of deep water explosion based on the Kirkwood‐Bethe model
Authors: Sheng Zhenxin , Hao Yi , Liu Jianhu , Wang Haikun , Gao Yuan , Ma Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo calculate the shockwave propagation of deep water explosions for different explosives quickly and accurately, a calculation method, based on the Kirkwood‐Bethe theory, was proposed. At the same time, an underwater explosion experiment of the aluminized explosive was carried out in the pressure vessel under high hydrostatic pressure. Then, the calculated results and experimental results were compared for peak pressure, impulse and energy flux density. The results indicated that the proposed method can quickly and accurately determine the shockwave propagation of deep water explosions for the aluminized explosives, with satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Using the proposed method, the shockwave of aluminized explosive under the conditions of different charge weight, different depth and different distance were calculated, the propagation laws of peak pressure, impulse and energy flux density with depth and distance were obtained. The calculation method proposed could be used to calculate shockwave propagation for any kind of explosive, if only knows the parameters of detonation and JWL equation of state.
Rapid laser synthesis of surfactantless tantalum‐based nanomaterials as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells
Authors: Mo Xiaoyong , Bouchet Fabre Brigitte , Herlin‐Boime Nathalie , Tse Edmund C. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEfficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next‐generation fuel cell technologies. At present, expensive precious metals are used as state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this report, cost‐effective nanosized tantalum‐based alternatives are synthesized for the first time via a green and scalable laser pyrolysis method as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells. This rapid laser pyrolysis strategy allows for the production of nanoparticles at a laboratory scale of grams per hour, compatible with a detailed exploration of the functional properties of as‐synthesized nanoparticles. By varying the precursor ratio between ammonia and tantalum ethanolate, five tantalum‐based nanomaterials (TaNOC) are prepared with crystalline phases of Ta2O5, Ta4N5, Ta3N5, and TaN in tunable ratios. Electrochemical studies in neutral and alkaline conditions demonstrate that Ta4N5 is the active component for both H2O2 oxidation and reduction. Kinetic isotope effect studies show that protons are involved at or before the rate‐determining step. Long‐term stability studies indicate that Ta3N5 grants surfactant‐free TaNOC‐enhanced longevity during electrocatalytic operations. Taken together, bifunctional TaNOC can act as active and robust electrocatalysts for H2O2 reduction and oxidation. Laser pyrolysis is envisioned to produce refractory metal nanomaterials with boosted corrosion resistance for energy catalysis.
Synergistic fluorescent hydrogel actuators with selective spatial shape/color‐changing behaviors via interfacial supramolecular assembly
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Ruijia , Si Muqing , Zhang Yi , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhu Ning , Wang Wenqin , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiomimetic intelligent polymeric hydrogel actuators with cooperative fluorescence‐color switchable behaviors are expected to find great potential applications in soft robotics, visual detection/display, and camouflage applications. However, it remains challenging to realize the spatial manipulation of synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors. Herein, we report an interfacial supramolecular assembly (ISA) approach that enables the construction of robust fluorescent polymeric hydrogel actuators with spatially anisotropic structures. On the basis of this ISA approach, diverse 2D/3D soft fluorescent hydrogel actuators, including chameleon‐ and octopi‐shaped ones with spatially anisotropic structures, were facilely assembled from two different fluorescent hydrogel building blocks sharing the same physically cross‐linked agar network. Spatially control over synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors was then realized in one single anisotropic hydrogel actuator. The proposed ISA approach is universal and expected to open promising avenues for developing powerful bioinspired intelligent soft actuators/robotics with selective spatial shape/color‐changing behaviors.
Fossilized soft tissues in Palaeozoic bryozoans
Authors: Ernst Andrej 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThin sections of three Palaeozoic bryozoans reveal fossilized soft tissues that show the position of organic cuticle and internal structures such as the membranous sac and gut. The fossilization occurred apparently due to fast burial under anoxic conditions. The position of a membranous sac in the Permian trepostome Rhombotrypella superangustata is indicative of a progressive polypide cycle. The position of the polypide in the Ordovician Graptodictya delicata behind the superior and interior hemisepta suggests a protective function of the hemisepta.
Carbodiimide‐Fueled Assembly of π‐Conjugated Peptides Regulated by Electrostatic Interactions**
Authors: Yao Ze‐Fan , Kuang Yuyao , Kohl Phillip , Li Youli , Ardoña Herdeline Ann M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeptides naturally have stimuli‐adaptive structural conformations that are advantageous for endowing synthetic materials with dynamic functionalities. Here, we report a carbodiimide‐based approach, combined with electrostatic modulation, to instruct π‐conjugated peptides to self‐assemble and be responsive to thermal disassembly cues upon consumption of the assembly trigger. Quaterthiophene‐functionalized peptides are utilized as a model system herein to study the formation of nanostructures at non‐equilibrium states. Peptides were designed to have aspartic acid at the termini to allow intramolecular anhydride formation upon adding carbodiimide, which consequentially reduces the electrostatic repulsion and facilitates assembly. We show that the carbodiimide‐fueled assembly and subsequent thermally assisted disassembly can be modulated by the net charge of the peptidic monomers, suggesting an assembly mechanism that can be encoded by sequence design. This carbodiimide‐based approach for the assembly of designer π‐conjugated systems offers a unique opportunity to develop bioelectronic supramolecular materials with controllable formation of dynamic and stimuli‐responsive structures.
Multiscale simulations of nanofluidics: Recent progress and perspective
Authors: Xie Chenxia , Li Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanofluidics research has achieved a significant growth over the past few years. New phenomena of nanoscaled fluid flows are being reported continuously, such as altered liquid properties, fast flows, and ion rectification, which attract tremendous research interests in many fields, such as membrane science, biological nanochips, and energy conventions. Multiscale simulations, covering quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, coarse‐grained particle dynamics (mesoscale), and continuum mechanics, have shown their great advantages in studying the new frontier of nanofluidics in academia and industry, which is in range of 1–1000 nm scale. These simulations provide the opportunity to visualize the nanofluidics applications existed in the minds of scientists and then guide experimental design to realize the potential of nanofluidics applications in industrial. In this article, we attempt to give a comprehensive review of nanofluidics from the aspect of multiscale simulations. The methodology and role of various simulation methods used in the investigation of nanofluidics are presented. The properties and characteristics of nanofluidics are summarized. The applications of nanofluidics in recent years are emphasized. And then the development of simulation methods and the application of nanofluidics are also prospected.This article is categorized under:
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
Effects of rotating square shape and oriented fins on convective flow of nanofluid contained in a cavity under magnetic field effect
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Alsedais Noura , Mahmoud Ehab Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with thermo‐solutal convection by the oriented fins inside a cavity mobilized by a nanofluid. The three fins are located horizontally in the cavity's center surrounded by a rotating square shape. ISPH method carries the circular rotation of the embedded square shape over the oriented fins. Three distinct thermal/solutal conditions of an inner shape including adiabatic (C1), hot (C2), and cold (C3) are conducted. The configurations of the oriented fins in improving thermo‐solutal convection are investigated. It is indicated that the expanded fins length supports the rate of heat/mass transfer and delivers a greater overall heat/mass transfer. The lower nanofluid velocity is found at an expanded fins length, adding extra nanoparticles, extra Hartmann number, and cold condition (C3). Adding extra nanoparticles to 20% slows down the nanofluid velocity by 55.28% Increasing the Soret number to two enhances the nanofluid velocity by 69.47%. The circular rotation of an inner shape changes the patterns of nanofluid movements and circulations of temperature and concentration within a cavity. The magnetic field is working effectively at an extra Hartmann number for shrinking the nanofluid velocity and declines the heat/mass transmission in a cavity.
Regularity of the Free Boundary for Measure Constrained Minimizers
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet D be a connected bounded open set in
$$\mathbb {R}^d$$

ℝ

d

and let v ∈ H1(D) be a given non-negative function. This chapter is dedicated to the problem
$$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \min\Big\{\mathcal F_0(u,D)\ :\ u\in H^1(D),\ u-v\in H^1_0(D),\ |\Omega_u\cap D|=m\Big\}, \end{aligned} $$

min

{

ℱ

0

(
u
,
D
)

:

u
∈

H

1

(
D
)
,

u
−
v
∈

H

0

1

(
D
)
,

|

Ω

u

∩
D
|
=
m

}

,

where m ∈ (0, |D|) is a fixed constant and we recall that
$$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \mathcal F_0(u,D)=\int_D|\nabla u|{}^2\,dx. \end{aligned}$$

ℱ

0

(
u
,
D
)
=

∫

D

|
∇
u
|

2

d
x
.

In this chapter, we give the main steps of the proof of Theorem 1.9.
Modeling of hyperelasticity in polyamide 12 produced by selective laser sintering
Authors: Kadkhodaei Mahmoud , Pawlikowski Marek , Drobnicki Rafał , Domański Janusz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolyamide 12 (PA12) is a core material in many 3D-printing techniques, including selective laser sintering (SLS), and its mechanical characterization helps to better understand behaviors of additively manufactured parts made from this polymer. In this paper, the elastic response of SLS-produced PA12 is shown to be nonlinear. Standard test samples with different orientations with regard to the scanning direction are 3D-printed with the use of PA2200 powder, and their elastic response is investigated under uniaxial tension at different strain rates. Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic models are proposed to address the observed nonlinear elasticity of the samples. Cyclic response of the specimens is shown to be stabilized after a few transient cycles so the material parameters are determined for trained samples after shakedown in their response. The obtained parameters are found to depend on the loading speed; thus, a rate-dependent hyperelastic constitutive model is presented for PA12 produced by selective laser sintering. This model is validated by comparing its numerical prediction with empirical responses under simple tension tests.
Modelling of strain-induced martensite formation in advanced medium-Mn automotive sheet steel
Authors: Kaczmarczyk J. , Grajcar A. , Kozłowska A. , Banuelos J. S. Cruz , Opara J. , Tatke N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe modelling of strain-induced martensite formation is simulated in advanced medium-Mn steel. The fraction of retained austenite (8%) embedded in the bainitic matrix is transforming into the strain-induced martensite during progressive static tensile tests. The originally elaborated technique and algorithms (using C++ language) are presented. The finite element method and LS-DYNA (LSTC Company, USA) have been deployed. The calculations of the stress-induced martensite start temperature were performed to characterize the austenite stability. The structural investigations using the SEM and EBSD have been conducted. The comparison of the experimental and numerical results has been made in terms of mechanical austenite stability.
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Bone Microarchitecture of the Axis Exposes Pronounced Regional Heterogeneity Associated with Clinical Fracture Patterns
Authors: Koepke Leon-Gordian , von Kroge Simon , Heuer Annika , Kammal Anna Lena , Ondruschka Benjamin , Rolvien Tim , Viezens Lennart 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe odontoid process (dens) of the second cervical vertebra (axis) is prone to fracture. While the importance of its skeletal integrity has been previously noted, representative three-dimensional microarchitecture analyses in humans are not available. This study aimed to determine the bone microarchitecture of the axis using high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and to derive clinical implications for the occurrence and treatment of axis fractures. For initial clinical reference, the apparent density of the axis was determined based on clinical computed tomography (CT) images in patients without and with fractures of the axis. Subsequently, 28 human axes (female 50%) obtained at autopsy were analyzed by HR-pQCT. Analyses were performed in three different regions corresponding to zones I (tip of dens), II (base of dens), and III (corpus axis) of the Anderson and D’Alonzo classification. Lower apparent densities based on clinical CT data were detected in zone II and III compared to zone I in both the group without and with fracture. In the autopsy specimens, cortical thickness and bone volume fraction decreased continuously from zone I to zone III. Trabecular and cortical tissue mineral density was lowest in zone III, with no differences between zones I and II. In conclusion, our clinical and high-resolution ex vivo imaging data highlight a marked regional heterogeneity of bone microarchitecture, with poor cortical and trabecular properties near the dens base. These results may partly explain why zones II and III are at high risk of fracture and osteosynthesis failure.
Determining Breast Implant Prevalence: A Population Study of Italian Chest Radiographs
Authors: Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio , Firmani Guido , Paolini Guido , Clemens Mark Warren , Argento Giuseppe , Barelli Giulia Marta , Rosati Elisa , Zanovello Claudia , D’Orsi Gennaro , Sorotos Michail 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Current breast implant prevalence within the general population remains elusive. An accurate prevalence is critical to serve as the denominator for any assessment of breast implant-related complication. The purpose of this manuscript is to assess this prevalence in women aged 20–70 years in Italy.

Materials and Methods
Eight reviewers, demonstrating a mean sensitivity of 87.0% and specificity of 97.0%, were recruited for retrospective identification of implants on chest radiographs from a tertiary academic hospital in a major urban setting. Three final reviewers were selected, and they assessed all eligible chest radiographs collected between January and December 2019. The hospital-based population was compared to epidemiological data at a local, regional and national level to demonstrate homogeneity of age structures using the phi correlation coefficient.

Results
We identified 3,448 chest X-rays which yielded 140 implants, with an overall prevalence of 4.1% for women aged 20–70. Implants were bilateral in 76% of cases and unilateral in 24%. They were placed cosmetically in 47.1% cases and used for reconstruction in 52.9% cases. Phi correlation coefficient found no differences across hospital-based, local, regional and national populations.

Conclusion
A validated method was performed to estimate implant prevalence from an academic hospital in a major urban setting at 4.1% and was used to estimate national prevalence in Italy. The implications of this epidemiologic study may reach across national borders for improved understanding of breast implant epidemiology and in predicting the total number of patients within a given population that may be affected by device complications.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Power doppler ultrasound signal predicts abnormal HDL function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Charles-Schoeman Christina , Wang Jennifer , Shahbazian Ani , Wilhalme Holly , Brook Jenny , Kaeley Gurjit S. , Oganesian Buzand , Ben-Artzi Ami , Elashoff David A. , Ranganath Veena K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractActive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and impaired function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Previous work suggests that HDL may become dysfunctional through oxidative modifications within the RA joint. The current work evaluates an association of synovial power doppler ultrasound signal (PDUS) with HDL function and structure. Two open-label clinical therapeutic studies using PDUS as a disease outcome measure were included in this analysis, including a 12-month trial of subcutaneous abatacept in 24 RA patients and a 6-month trial of IV tocilizumab in 46 RA patients. Laboratory assays included assessments of HDL function and structure, HDL and total cholesterol levels, and a cytokine/chemokine panel. Patients with the highest baseline PDUS scores in both clinical studies, had worse HDL function, including suppression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity as well as lower HDL-C levels. Associations between other disease assessments (DAS28 and CDAI) and HDL function/structure were noted but were generally of lesser magnitude and consistency than PDUS across the HDL profile. Treatment with tocilizumab for 6 months was associated with increases in cholesterol levels and improvements in the HDL function profile, which correlated with greater decreases in PDUS scores. Similar trends were noted following treatment with abatacept for 3 months. Higher baseline PDUS scores identified patients with worse HDL function. This data supports previous work suggesting a direct association of joint inflammation with abnormal HDL function.