bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures Inversion and Optimization in Cased-Wells Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Zeng Zhoumo , Wang Xiaocen , Chen Shili , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Acoustic logging is a vital branch of geophysical logging and is a geophysical logging method for downhole measurement of rock acoustic properties of formation profiles and evaluation of wellbore formation properties. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on machine learning to tackle the mapping challenge from time-series data to spatial images in the field of geophysical logging, that is, using a fully connected neural network (FCNN) to reconstruct the slowness model from wellbore data. Specifically, forward modeling is to study borehole acoustic signals using finite-difference time-domain method, and generate training and test data sets. The relevant research results indicate that the inversion in borehole imaging based on FCNN approach has a good effect in terms of structure detection and interlayer information presentation, and can also recover detailed slowness information between different layers of the wellbore. And the inversion results are more consistent with the target in terms of slowness values, downhole structures, as well as geological interfaces. Besides, we also optimize the image quality by using bilateral filtering method.
Radiation-induced circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce systemic lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Huang Jiayi , Inkman Matthew , Zhang Jin , Thotala Sukrutha , Tikhonova Ekaterina , Miheecheva Natalia , Frenkel Felix , Ataullakhanov Ravshan , Wang Xiaowei , DeNardo David , Hallahan Dennis , Thotala Dinesh 
Published: January 2023

Severe and prolonged lymphopenia frequently occurs in patients with glioblastoma after standard chemoradiotherapy and has been associated with worse survival, but its underlying biological mechanism is not well understood. To address this, we performed a correlative study in which we collected and analyzed peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma (
n
= 20) receiving chemoradiotherapy using genomic and immune monitoring technologies. RNA sequencing analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed an elevated concentration of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) regulatory genes in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Additional analysis including flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed increased numbers of circulating MDSC in patients with lymphopenia when compared with patients without lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy. Preclinical murine models were also established and demonstrated a causal relationship between radiation-induced MDSC and systemic lymphopenia using transfusion and depletion experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of MDSC using an arginase-1 inhibitor (CB1158) or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (tadalafil) during radiation therapy (RT) successfully abrogated radiation-induced lymphopenia and improved survival in the preclinical models. CB1158 and tadalafil are promising drugs in reducing radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients with glioblastoma. These results demonstrate the promise of using these classes of drugs to reduce treatment-related lymphopenia and immunosuppression.
The impact of cigarette prices on smoking onset and cessation: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet , Vellios Nicole , Nguyen Nguyen Hanh , Le Thu Thi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundVietnam is a country with very high smoking rates among men. According to a Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2015, the daily smoking prevalence among Vietnamese men was 39%.MethodsWe used data from the 2010 and 2015 Vietnamese GATSs and cigarette price data from General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Since smoking prevalence is low among women, we only considered men. Using discrete-time hazard models, we estimated the effect of cigarette prices on smoking onset and cessation. Sensitivity analyses are conducted using different model specifications.ResultsWe find that higher cigarette prices reduce the probability of smoking onset. A 1% increase in the cigarette price reduces the hazard of smoking onset by 1.2% (95% CI −2.12% to −0.28%). This suggests that increases in tobacco taxation, which translate to price increases, can reduce smoking onset. We did not find evidence that cigarette prices impact smoking cessation among men in Vietnam.ConclusionVietnam should continue to increase excise taxes on tobacco products to reduce smoking onset. Since smokers are resilient to excise tax increases, other tobacco control policies, such as smoke-free areas and tobacco advertisement bans, should be better enforced to encourage people to quit. Other policies not yet implemented, such as plain packaging of tobacco products, may also encourage smokers to quit.
Quasinormal modes of a charged scalar field in Ernst black holes
Authors: Bécar Ramón , González P. A. , Vásquez Yerko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the propagation of a charged massive scalar field in the background of a four-dimensional Ernst black hole and study its stability analyzing the quasinormal modes (QNMs), which are calculated using the semi-analytical Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method and numerically using the continued fraction method. We mainly find that for a scalar field mass less than a critical mass, the decay rate of the QNMs decreases when the harmonic angular number $$\ell $$
ℓ
increases; and for a scalar field mass greater than the critical mass, the behavior is inverted, i.e., the longest-lived modes are always the ones with the lowest angular number recovering the standard behavior. Also, we find a critical value of the external magnetic field, as well as a critical value of the scalar field charge that exhibits the same behavior with respect to the angular harmonic numbers. In addition, we show that the spacetime allows stable quasibound states, and we observe a splitting of the spectrum due to the Zeeman effect. Finally, we show that the unstable null geodesic in the equatorial plane is connected with the QNMs when the azimuthal quantum number satisfies $$m= \pm \ell $$

m
=
±
ℓ

in the eikonal limit.
A Composite Score Summarizing Use and Dosing of Evidence-Based Medical Therapies in Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Zahir Deewa , Fiuzat Mona , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Januzzi James L. , Butler Javed , O’Connor Christopher M. , Abraham William T. , Psotka Mitchell A. , McMurray John J.V. , Dewan Pooja , Claggett Brian L. , Solomon Scott D. , Modin Daniel , Butt Jawad H. , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Schou Morten , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar H. , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: January 2023

Background:
As heart failure therapeutic care becomes increasingly complex, a composite medical therapy score could be useful to conveniently summarize background medical therapy. We applied the composite medical therapy score developed by the Heart Failure Collaboratory (HFC) to the Danish heart failure with reduced ejection fraction population to evaluate its external validation including assessing the distribution of the score and its association with survival.

Methods:
In a retrospective nationwide cohort study, we identified all Danish heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients alive on July 1, 2018, and assessed their treatment doses. Patients were excluded if they did not have at least 365 days for up-titration of medical therapy prior to identification. The HFC score (range 0–8) accounts for use and dosing of multiple therapies prescribed to each patient. Risk-adjusted association between the composite score and all-cause mortality was examined.

Results:

In total, 26 779 patients (mean age 71.9 years; 32% women) were identified. At baseline, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker was used in 77%, β-blocker in 81%, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in 30%, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in 2%, and ivabradine in 2%. The median HFC score was 4. After multivariable adjustment, higher HFC scores were independently associated with lower mortality (≥median versus <median: hazard ratio, 0.72 [0.67–0.78];
P
<0.001). In restricted cubic spline analysis based on a fully adjusted Poisson regression model, a graded inverse association between the HFC score and death was observed,
P
<0.001.

Conclusions:
Nationwide assessment of therapeutic optimization in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction using the HFC score was feasible and the score was strongly and independently associated with survival.
Use of Valsalva Maneuver to Detect Late-Onset Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Park Jin-Woo , Okamoto Luis E. , Kim Sung-Hwan , Baek Seol-Hee , Sung Joo Hye , Jeon Namjoon , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya A. , Diedrich André , Kim Byung-Jo , Biaggioni Italo 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Standard autonomic testing includes a 10-minute head-up tilt table test to detect orthostatic hypotension. Although this test can detect delayed orthostatic hypotension (dOH) between 3 and 10 minutes of standing, it cannot detect late-onset dOH after 10 minutes of standing.

Methods:
To determine whether Valsalva maneuver responses can identify patients who would require prolonged head-up tilt table test to diagnose late-onset dOH; patients with immediate orthostatic hypotension (onset <3 minutes; n=176), early-onset dOH (onset between 3 and 10 minutes; n=68), and late-onset dOH (onset >10 minutes; n=32) were retrospectively compared with controls (n=114) with normal head-up tilt table test and composite autonomic scoring scale score of 0.

Results:

Changes in baseline systolic blood pressure at late phase 2 (∆SBP
VM2
), heart rate difference between baseline and phase 3 (∆HR
VM3
), and Valsalva ratio were lower and pressure recovery time (PRT) at phase 4 was longer in late-onset dOH patients than in controls. Differences in PRT and ∆HR
VM3
remained significant after correcting for age. A PRT ≥2.14 s and ∆HR
VM3
≤15 bpm distinguished late-onset dOH from age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with longer PRT (relative risk ratio, 2.189 [1.579–3.036]) and lower ∆HR
VM3
(relative risk ratio, 0.897 [0.847–0.951]) were more likely to have late-onset dOH. Patients with longer PRT (relative risk ratio, 1.075 [1.012–1.133]) were more likely to have early-onset than late-onset dOH.

Conclusions:

Long PRT and short ∆HR
VM3
can help to identify patients who require prolonged head-up tilt table test to diagnose late-onset dOH.
Phenotyping of Elderly Patients With Heart Failure Focused on Noncardiac Conditions: A Latent Class Analysis From a Multicenter Registry of Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Nakamaru Ryo , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Niimi Nozomi , Kohno Takashi , Nagatomo Yuji , Takei Makoto , Ikoma Takenori , Nishikawa Kei , Sakamoto Munehisa , Nakano Shintaro , Kohsaka Shun , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: January 2023

Background
The burden of noncardiovascular conditions is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to identify novel phenogroups incorporating noncardiovascular conditions to facilitate understanding and risk stratification in elderly patients with HF.

Methods and Results
Data from a total of 1881 (61.2%) patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from a prospective multicenter registry of patients hospitalized for acute HF (N=3072). We constructed subgroups of patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; N=826, 43.9%) and those with non‐HFpEF (N=1055, 56.1%). Latent class analysis was performed in each subgroup using 17 variables focused on noncardiovascular conditions (including comorbidities, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index). The latent class analysis revealed 3 distinct clinical phenogroups in both HFpEF and non‐HFpEF subgroups: (1) robust physical and nutritional status (Group 1: HFpEF, 41.2%; non‐HFpEF, 46.0%); (2) multimorbid patients with renal impairment (Group 2: HFpEF, 40.8%; non‐HFpEF, 41.9%); and (3) malnourished patients (Group 3: HFpEF, 18.0%; non‐HFpEF, 12.1%). After multivariable adjustment, compared with Group 1, patients in Groups 2 and 3 had a higher risk for all‐cause death over the 1‐year postdischarge period (hazard ratio [HR], 2.79 [95% CI, 1.64–4.81] and HR, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.39–5.35] in HFpEF; HR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.22–3.14] and HR, 2.97 [95% CI, 1.64–5.38] in non‐HFpEF; respectively).

Conclusions
In elderly patients with HF, the phenomapping focused on incorporating noncardiovascular conditions identified 3 phenogroups, each representing distinct clinical outcomes, and the discrimination pattern was similar for both patients with HFpEF and non‐HFpEF. This classification provides novel risk stratification and may aid in clinical decision making.
On the Role of Sea Surface Temperature in the Clustering of Global Tropical Cyclone Formation
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Zhao Ming , Tan Zhihong , Zhang Bosong , Knutson Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study examines the potential impacts of large-scale atmospheric circulations that are forced by sea surface temperatures (SST) on global tropical cyclone (TC) formation. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) global atmosphere and land surface model, version 4 (AM4), under different SST distributions, it is found that the east–west clustering of global TC formation is mainly governed by large-scale circulations in response to given SSTs, instead of direct ocean surface fluxes associated with zonal SST anomalies. Our zonally homogeneous SST simulations in the presence of realistic surface coverage show that TC clusters still emerge as a result of the breakdown of zonal circulations related to land–sea distribution, which produce specific “hotspots” for global TC formation. Sensitivity experiments with different climate warming scenarios and model physics confirm the persistence of these TC clusters in the absence of all zonal SST variations. These robust results offer new insights into the effects of large-scale circulation and terrain forcing on TC clusters beyond the traditional view of direct SST impacts, which are based on the direct alignment of the warmest SST regions and TC clusters. In addition, our experiments also capture internal variability of the global TC frequency, with an average fluctuation of 6–8 TCs at several dominant frequencies of ∼3, 6, and 9 years, even in the absence of all SST interannual variability and ocean coupling. This finding reveals an intrinsic “noise” level of the global TC frequency that one has to take into account when examining the past and future trends in TC activity and their related significance or detectability.

Significance Statement
In this study, the clustering of global tropical cyclone (TC) formation is investigated, using global simulations under different idealized sea surface temperature (SST) distributions. Our results show that it is the response of the large-scale tropical circulations to SST anomalies that is mostly responsible for the clustering of global TC formation rather than surface flux differences. It is also found that the tropical atmosphere contains inherent fluctuations in the global TC frequency of 6–8 TCs every 3–9 years, even in the absence of all SST interannual and zonal variability. These results offer new insight into the role of tropical dynamics in governing TC climatology and suggest possible mechanisms underlying the clustering of global TC formation under different climate conditions.
Cueing Engagement: Applying the Trickle-Down Engagement Model to Instructors’ In-Class Behaviors
Authors: Saucier Donald A. , Jones Tucker L. , Miller Stuart S. , Schiffer Ashley A. , Mills Haley D. , Renken Noah D. 
Published: January 2023

Background The Trickle-Down Engagement Model posits that instructor engagement promotes student engagement which, in turn, has positive implications for student learning. Objective Our goal was to provide evidence-based practical recommendations for instructors to communicate their engagement with course material to students, activating the trickle-down process. Method In two experiments, we used recorded mock lectures in which we manipulated instructor movement within the classroom (Study 1) and enthusiastic statements that cued instructor engagement (Study 2). In both studies, we measured student learning and assessed perceptions of the instructor's engagement, their own engagement, and the presented material. Results Engaged cue statements successfully communicated instructor engagement but physical movement did not. Consistent with the Trickle-Down Engagement Model and our hypotheses, perceptions of instructors’ engagement positively related to participants’ own engagement, which was also positively related to better learning outcomes. Conclusion When instructors verbally communicate their engagement with course material, students are more engaged and demonstrate better learning. Teaching Implications Channeling explicit, positive instructor engagement has numerous benefits, including enhanced student learning and educational experiences.
Understanding Ohio X-Waivered Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ Rate of Naltrexone Prescription for Alcohol Use Disordered Patients
Authors: Wiggins Morgan , Painter Susan , Burant Christopher , Juratovac Evanne , Alto Kathleen 
Published: January 2023

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is overrepresented within the United States. Naltrexone, a recommended treatment for AUD, is underutilized. However, the prescribing behaviors of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) regarding naltrexone for AUD patients have not been studied. The purpose of our study was to explore the prescriptive practices of a sample of APRNs. Aims: To describe and analyze survey responses of a sample of Ohio APRNs with training in medication for addiction treatment (MAT) for substance use disorders (as evidenced by DEA x-waiver receipt) regarding prescribing practices of naltrexone for AUD patients. Method: Public information collected from the first author’s Nursing Board (list of APRNs in Ohio) was checked against the public information of x-waivered providers nationally from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) website. This generated a potential sample size of 824 APRNs, all of whom were sent email solicitations to complete a Qualtrics survey. After 3 weeks, 55 surveys were completed, and the data were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were generated as well as a logistic regression with five potential predictor variables against the outcome variable (defined as use of naltrexone for AUD patients). Results: Years practicing as an APRN was found to negatively predict naltrexone prescribing behavior for AUD patients. Practice setting and work experience with an addiction specialist physician were not found to predict naltrexone prescribing behavior for AUD patients. Conclusion: Implications for further study were discussed, with emphasis on regulatory variance between states.
Is the Position and Union of the Tuberosities Assessable by Means of the Simple Radiograph After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Complex Proximal Humerus Fractures?
Authors: Cassart Masnou Elisa , Ruiz Macarrilla L , Mora Solé E , García Perdomo D , Pérez Andrés R 
Published: January 2023

Background The assessment of tuberosity position and union in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for complex proximal humerus fractures (PHF) has been carried out by means of routine simple radiographs. To evaluate the interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility of the simple radiograph in comparison to the CT scan. Methods The position and consolidation of the tuberosities in 2 radiographic projections and in a CT scan of 32 consecutive patients operated on a RSA for PHF was assessed by 5 observers. Interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility in both imaging tests were also assessed. Results The interobserver agreement for the greater tuberosity position was 0.52 in the simple radiograph and 0.45 in the CT scan. For the greater tuberosity union, agreement was moderate in the simple radiograph (0.52), but fair in the CT scan (0.35). For the lesser tuberosity position and union, the agreement was fair in the radiograph and poor in the CT scan. Conclusion Only moderate agreement was observed in the assessment of the position and union of the tuberosities in the RSA for PHF in the simple radiograph and no improvement in it was seen for the 2D CT scan.
Genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of bovine mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains from India
Authors: Sivakumar Ramamoorthy , Pranav Parameswaran Sree , Annamanedi Madhavi , Chandrapriya S. , Isloor Shrikrishna , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash , Hegde Nagendra R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Bovine mastitis accounts for significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent of bovine mastitis. Investigating the prevalence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance would provide insight into the molecular epidemiology of mastitis-associated S. aureus strains. The present study is focused on the whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 41 mastitis-associated S. aureus strains isolated from India.

Results
The results elucidate explicit knowledge of 15 diverse sequence types (STs) and five clonal complexes (CCs). The clonal complexes CC8 and CC97 were found to be the predominant genotypes comprising 21 and 10 isolates, respectively. The mean genome size was 2.7 Mbp with a 32.7% average GC content. The pan-genome of the Indian strains of mastitis-associated S. aureus is almost closed. The genome-wide SNP-based phylogenetic analysis differentiated 41 strains into six major clades. Sixteen different spa types were identified, and eight isolates were untypeable. The cgMLST analysis of all S. aureus genome sequences reported from India revealed that S. aureus strain MUF256, isolated from wound fluids of a diabetic patient, was the common ancestor. Further, we observed that all the Indian mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates belonging to the CC97 are mastitis-associated. We identified 17 different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes among these isolates, and all the isolates used in this study were susceptible to methicillin. We also identified 108 virulence-associated genes and discuss their associations with different genotypes.

Conclusion
This is the first study presenting a comprehensive whole genome analysis of bovine mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates from India. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the genome diversity, major genotypes, antimicrobial resistome, and virulome of clinical and subclinical mastitis-associated S. aureus strains.