bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Colonial Rule in a Frontier Encomienda: Chile’s Copiapó Valley under Francisco de Aguirre and His Kin, 1549–1580
Authors: Garrido Francisco , Figueroa Erick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article explores how Francisco de Aguirre used the Copiapó Valley encomienda to negotiate political power during the transition from conquest to colonial rule in northern Chile. Simultaneously, we analyze the circumstances of how a native society was incorporated into the Spanish Empire after a decade of fighting and resistance on the fringes of the empire. The strategic use of the fear of native rebellions to close the road from Peru to Chile gave Aguirre enough power to negotiate an important political position, which in the future would clash with the colonial authorities. Copiapó Valley’s peripheral location in the southernmost Atacama Desert constituted a political gray zone for the colonial administration. This space contributed to consolidating power for Aguirre and enabled locals some negotiation power within the possibilities afforded by the colonial system.
Selection and Description Bias in Protest Reporting by Government and News Media on Weibo
Authors: Zhang Han , Lu Yao , Bai Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtensive research in Western societies has demonstrated that media reports of protests have succumbed to selection and description biases, but such tendencies have not yet been tested in the Chinese context. This article investigates the Chinese government and news media's selection and description bias in domestic protest events reporting. Using a large protest event data set from Weibo (CASM-China), we found that government accounts on Weibo covered only 0.4 per cent of protests while news media accounts covered 6.3 per cent of them. In selecting events for coverage, the news media accounts tacitly struck a balance between newsworthiness and political sensitivity; this led them to gravitate towards protests by underprivileged social groups and shy away from protests targeting the government. Government accounts on Weibo, on the other hand, eschewed reporting on violent protests and those organized by the urban middle class and veterans. In reporting selected protest events, both government and news media accounts tended to depoliticize protest events and to frame them in a more positive tone. This description bias was more pronounced for the government than the news media accounts. The government coverage of protest events also had a more thematic (as opposed to episodic) orientation than the news media.
A preliminary bioarchaeological study of the funerary urns from Los Tamarindos, Tierra Caliente, in Michoacan, Mexico
Authors: Budziszewski Adam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article presents the results of a preliminary bioarchaeological study of 10 funerary urns containing human burned remains from the Los Tamarindos urn-field cemetery dated to the Postclassic period. I was able to determine the basic biological profile data. In addition, I determined the fragmentation rate as well as the thermal alternation of bones from funerary urns from Los Tamarindos, which allowed me to propose the first observations about the Pretarascan cremation burial practices in this region. The low weight of bones indicates that burials should be determined as partial burials; however, they contain fragments of bones from each anatomical region. The structure of the bones and the chromatic discoloration caused by the thermal alternation indicate that temperature during the cremation did not exceed 900°C, given that the cremains did not exhibit the recrystallization structure, which is interpreted as a characteristic feature of the high maximum temperature of a funerary pyre during the cremation.
Astrobioethical reflections on humanity and its consideration as multi- and interplanetary
Authors: Chon-Torres Octavio A. , Chela-Flores Julián 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe discuss in the context of astrobiology three aspects of the possible evolution of humanity. In addition, from astrobioethics -the study of the moral implications in astrobiology- we ask whether it is necessary to develop new concepts. Thus, it is concluded that we have already started our transition towards an interplanetary humanity; that our actions in the face of the discovery of extraterrestrial life will depend on the context in which we find ourselves; and that it is important to develop new and updated concepts for the scenarios to be faced by the eventual evolution of humanity in space.
Future Projection of Mortality From Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 Under the Carbon Neutral Pathway: Roles of Changing Emissions and Population Aging
Authors: Wang Ye , Liao Hong , Chen Haishan , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA global chemical transport model GEOS‐Chem was applied to examine the concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 in China, related health burdens and the relative importance of changes in air pollutants and population aging over 2015–2060 under carbon neutral pathway (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway limiting end‐of‐century radiative forcing to 1.9 W m−2, SSP1‐1.9). Results showed synergistic reductions of 100.0%, 72.0%, and 24.4% in net CO2 emission, concentration of annual mean PM2.5, and the 90th maximum daily average 8‐hr (MDA8) O3 over China, respectively, during 2015–2060. Pollutants‐related deaths owing to changes in pollutants and population were simulated to increase by 38.1% over 2015–2060 because of population aging. Over 2015–2060, sensitivity studies showed that the decline in pollutants alone would mitigate deaths by 5,172.7 thousand, while the population aging alone would increase deaths by 2,633.3 thousand. Carbon neutrality will avoid 3,520.0 thousand deaths in 2060 relative to a higher‐carbon pathway (SSP5‐8.5).
The Pressure‐ and Temperature‐Dependence of Thermal Pressurization in Localized Faults
Authors: Badt Nir Z. , Huber Christian , Hirth Greg , Tullis Terry E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermal pressurization (TP) is predicted to be an important dynamic frictional weakening mechanism during earthquakes. The prevailing models, though, assume that the physical, thermal and hydraulic properties of the fluid‐saturated rock in the fault zone are constant during TP (the constant case) which inherently involves temperature and pressure changes. We solve the governing equations for TP in their general form with pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent physical, thermal and hydraulic parameters of a saturated fault zone with a one‐dimensional numerical model (the variable case). The model considers slip on a plane at a constant rate, and so does not account for dynamic frictional rupture scenario. We test a wide range of medium permeabilities of 10−22–10−16 m2 and porosities 0.5%–17%, based on experimental data for Frederick diabase, Westerly granite and the Hanaore Fault gouge. We find that the predicted shear stress drop and temperature rise is similar between the two cases for low permeability (<10−20 m2) and low porosity (<1%) fault rocks, owing to an increase in the fluid pressurization factor and hydraulic diffusivity. Differences between the two models are evident in more permeable and porous fault rocks. The increase in hydraulic diffusivity during TP results in a diffusional length which scales with time0.7 in the variable case. In addition, our calculations show that it is important to apply the constant case model with the ambient initial conditions for the modeled fault zone and not time‐averaged values that aim to represent the temperature and pressure changes that occur during TP.
Simulations of the North Tropical Atlantic Mode–ENSO Connection in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Tian Qi , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Jianping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) mode is a dominant component of sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the northern tropical Atlantic, which is crucial to the occurrence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study utilizes the historical simulation of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) to evaluate the simulations of the NTA mode and NTA–ENSO connection. We found that the CMIP5 and CMIP6 could reproduce the spatial pattern of the NTA mode similarly. Most of them could reasonably reproduce the spatial pattern of the NTA mode similar to the observation. Still, there are some differences in the central values and position of the NTA mode. In addition, the analysis further suggests that the CMIP5/CMIP6 models have a large diversity in the NTA–ENSO connection, which may be due to their differences in simulating the spring climatological mean Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) precipitation and spring‐to‐summer NTA SST persistence. Models with stronger spring climatological mean Atlantic ITCZ precipitation in favor of the spring NTA‐related SST anomalies stimulate local precipitation anomalies, resulting in a more powerful atmospheric circulation reaction over the tropical Pacific. Additionally, the stronger spring‐to‐summer NTA SST persistence for sustaining the teleconnection, which constantly transmits impacts from the tropical Atlantic into the tropical Pacific. The CMIP6 models show improvements to the CMIP5 models regarding simulations of the spring climatological mean Atlantic ITCZ precipitation and spring‐to‐summer NTA SST persistence. Therefore, the CMIP6 models simulate the NTA–ENSO connection better than the CMIP5 models.
Neural Networks for Operational SYM‐H Forecasting Using Attention and SWICS Plasma Features
Authors: Collado‐Villaverde Armando , Muñoz Pablo , Cid Consuelo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present an Artificial Neural Network for operational forecasting of the SYM‐H geomagnetic index up to 2 hr ahead using the Interplanetary Magnetic Field, the solar wind plasma features and previous SYM‐H values. Former works that forecast the SYM‐H index use data measured by ACE, in particular from the MAG and SWEPAM instruments. However, the plasma data present a high amount of missing samples. This issue has been addressed in the literature, often using linear interpolation, which leads to a non‐accurate data reconstruction, specially when the features are missing during the most intense periods of a geomagnetic storm. To overcome that issue, we use ACE's Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) data to fill the missing plasma features. To validate this technique, we compare the results of our forecasting model trained using plasma features in two ways: only using SWEPAM and performing linear interpolation and using SWICS to fill the missing values in SWEPAM. Then, both models are evaluated in an operational scenario, when only SWEPAM data are available and interpolation can only be performed if the missing values are surrounded by valid measurements. In both cases, our model outperforms the current literature forecasting the SYM‐H one and 2 hr ahead, yielding the best results when the training has been done using the data completed using SWICS measurements.
Carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by a second ASCT is an effective strategy in first relapse multiple myeloma: a study on behalf of the Chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT
Authors: Tilmont Rémi , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Eikema Diderik-Jan , Zinger Nienke , Haenel Mathias , Schaap Nicolaas , Arroyo Concepcion Herrera , Schuermans Christine , Besemer Britta , Engelhardt Monika , Kuball Jürgen , Michieli Mariagrazia , Schub Natalie , Wilson Keith M. O. , Bourhis Jean Henri , Mateos Maria Victoria , Rabin Neil , Jost Edgar , Kröger Nicolaus , Moraleda José M , Za Tommaso , Hayden Patrick J. , Beksac Meral , Mclornan Donal , Schönland Stefan , Manier Salomon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the setting of a first relapse of multiple myeloma (MM), a second autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) following carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) is an option, although there is scarce data concerning this approach. We performed a retrospective study involving 22 EBMT-affiliated centers. Eligible MM patients had received a second-line treatment with KRd induction followed by a second ASCT between 2016 and 2018. Primary objective was to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives were to assess the response rate and identify significant variables affecting PFS and OS. Fifty-one patients were identified, with a median age of 62 years. Median PFS after ASCT was 29.5 months while 24- and 36-months OS rates were 92.1% and 84.5%, respectively. Variables affecting PFS were an interval over four years between transplants and the achievement of a very good partial response (VGPR) or better before the relapse ASCT. Our study suggests that a relapse treatment with ASCT after KRd induction is an effective strategy for patients with a lenalidomide-sensitive first relapse. Patients with at least four years of remission after a frontline ASCT and who achieved at least a VGPR after KRd induction appear to benefit the most from this approach.
The ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 promotes the autophagic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages
Authors: Romagnoli Alessandra , Di Rienzo Martina , Petruccioli Elisa , Fusco Carmela , Palucci Ivana , Micale Lucia , Mazza Tommaso , Delogu Giovanni , Merla Giuseppe , Goletti Delia , Piacentini Mauro , Fimia Gian Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is known to evade host immune responses and persist in macrophages for long periods. A mechanism that the host uses to combat Mtb is xenophagy, a selective form of autophagy that targets intracellular pathogens for degradation. Ubiquitination of Mtb or Mtb-containing compartments is a key event to recruit the autophagy machinery and mediate the bacterial delivery to the lysosome. This event relies on the coordinated and complementary activity of different ubiquitin ligases, including PARKIN, SMURF1, and TRIM16. Because each of these factors is responsible for the ubiquitination of a subset of the Mtb population, it is likely that additional ubiquitin ligases are employed by macrophages to trigger a full xenophagic response during Mtb infection. In this study, we investigated the role TRIM proteins whose expression is modulated in response to Mtb or BCG infection of primary macrophages. These TRIMs were ectopically expressed in THP1 macrophage cell line to assess their impact on Mtb replication. This screening identified TRIM32 as a novel player involved in the intracellular response to Mtb infection, which promotes autophagy-mediated Mtb degradation. The role of TRIM32 in xenophagy was further confirmed by silencing TRIM32 expression in THP1 cells, which causes increased intracellular growth of Mtb associated to impaired Mtb ubiquitination, reduced recruitment of the autophagy proteins NDP52/CALCOCO2 and BECLIN 1/BECN1 to Mtb and autophagosome formation. Overall, these findings suggest that TRIM32 plays an important role in the host response to Mtb infection through the induction of autophagy, representing a promising target for host-directed tuberculosis therapies.
Enteric methane emission of dairy cows supplemented with iodoform in a dose–response study
Authors: Thorsteinsson Mirka , Lund Peter , Weisbjerg Martin Riis , Noel Samantha Joan , Schönherz Anna Amanda , Hellwing Anne Louise Frydendahl , Hansen Hanne Helene , Nielsen Mette Olaf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnteric methane (CH4) emission is one of the major greenhouse gasses originating from cattle. Iodoform has in studies been found to be a potent mitigator of rumen CH4 formation in vitro. This study aimed to quantify potential of iodoform as an anti-methanogenic feed additive for dairy cows and investigate effects on feed intake, milk production, feed digestibility, rumen microbiome, and animal health indicators. The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design using four lactating rumen, duodenal, and ileal cannulated Danish Holstein dairy cows. The treatments consisted of four different doses of iodoform (1) 0 mg/day, (2) 320 mg/day, (3) 640 mg/day, and (4) 800 mg/day. Iodoform was supplemented intra-ruminally twice daily. Each period consisted of 7-days of adaptation, 3-days of digesta and blood sampling, and 4-days of gas exchange measurements using respiration chambers. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Rumen samples were collected for microbial analyses and investigated for fermentation parameters. Blood was sampled and analyzed for metabolic and health status indicators. Dry matter intake and milk production decreased linearly by maximum of 48% and 33%, respectively, with increasing dose. Methane yield (g CH4/kg DMI) decreased by maximum of 66%, while up to 125-fold increases were observed in hydrogen yield (g H2/kg DMI) with increasing dose of iodoform. Total tract digestibility of DM, OM, CP, C, NDF, and starch were unaffected by treatments, but large shifts, except for NDF, were observed for ruminal to small intestinal digestion of the nutrients. Some indicators of disturbed rumen microbial activity and fermentation dynamics were observed with increasing dose, but total number of ruminal bacteria was unaffected by treatment. Serum and plasma biomarkers did not indicate negative effects of iodoform on cow health. In conclusion, iodoform was a potent mitigator of CH4 emission. However, DMI and milk production were negatively affected and associated with indications of depressed ruminal fermentation. Future studies might reveal if depression of milk yield and feed intake can be avoided if iodoform is continuously administered by mixing it into a total mixed ration.
A multimodal X-ray spectroscopy investigation of uranium speciation in ThTi2O6 compounds with the brannerite structure
Authors: Dixon Wilkins Malin C. , Townsend Luke T. , Stennett Martin C. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Corkhill Claire L. , Hyatt Neil C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThTi2O6 derived compounds with the brannerite structure were designed, synthesised, and characterised with the aim of stabilising incorporation of U5+ or U6+, at dilute concentration. Appropriate charge compensation was targeted by co-substitution of Gd3+, Ca2+, Al3+, or Cr3+, on the Th or Ti site. U L3 edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) and High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected U M4 edge XANES evidenced U5+ as the major oxidation state in all compounds, with a minor fraction of U6+ (2–13%). The balance of X-ray and Raman spectroscopy data support uranate, rather than uranyl, as the dominant U6+ speciation in the reported brannerites. It is considered that the U6+ concentration was limited by unfavourable electrostatic repulsion arising from substitution in the octahedral Th or Ti sites, which share two or three edges, respectively, with neighbouring polyhedra in the brannerite structure.
Prevalence of cancer-related fatigue based on severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Ye-Eun , Yoon Ji-Hae , Park Na-hyun , Ahn Yo-Chan , Lee Eun-Jung , Son Chang-Gue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer-related fatigue (CRF) affects therapeutic compliance and clinical outcomes including recurrence and mortality. This study aimed to comprehensively and comparatively assess the severity-based prevalence of CRF. From two public databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library), we extracted data containing information on both prevalence and severity of fatigue in cancer patients through December 2021. We conducted a meta-analysis to produce point estimates using random effects models. Subgroup analyses were used to assess the prevalence and severity by the organ/system tumor development, treatment phase, therapeutic type, sex and assessment method. A total of 151 data (57 studies, 34,310 participants, 11,805 males and 22,505 females) were selected, which indicated 43.0% (95% CI 39.2–47.2) of fatigue prevalence. The total CRF prevalence including ‘mild’ level of fatigue was 70.7% (95% CI 60.6–83.3 from 37 data). The prevalence of ‘severe’ fatigue significantly varied by organ/system types of cancer origin (highest in brain tumors 39.7% vs. lowest in gynecologic tumors 3.9%) and treatment phase likely 15.9% (95% CI 8.1–31.3) before treatment, 33.8% (95% CI 27.7–41.2) ongoing treatment, and 24.1% (95% CI 18.6–31.2) after treatment. Chemotherapy (33.1%) induced approximately 1.5-fold higher prevalence for ‘severe’ CRF than surgery (22.0%) and radiotherapy (24.2%). The self-reported data for ‘severe’ CRF was 20-fold higher than those assessed by physicians (23.6% vs. 1.6%). Female patients exhibited a 1.4-fold higher prevalence of ‘severe’ fatigue compared to males. The present data showed quantitative feature of the prevalence and severity of CRF based on the cancer- or treatment-related factors, sex, and perspective of patient versus physician. In the context of the medical impact of CRF, our results provide a comparative reference to oncologists or health care providers making patient-specific decision.
Technology platform for facile handling of 3D hydrogel cell culture scaffolds
Authors: Pohlit Hannah , Bohlin Jan , Katiyar Neeraj , Hilborn Jöns , Tenje Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogels are used extensively as cell-culture scaffolds for both 2D and 3D cell cultures due to their biocompatibility and the ease in which their mechanical and biological properties can be tailored to mimic natural tissue. The challenge when working with hydrogel-based scaffolds is in their handling, as hydrogels that mimic e.g. brain tissue, are both fragile and brittle when prepared as thin (sub-mm) membranes. Here, we describe a method for facile handling of thin hydrogel cell culture scaffolds by molding them onto a polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh support attached to a commonly used Transwell set-up in which the original membrane has been removed. In addition to demonstrating the assembly of this set-up, we also show some applications for this type of biological membrane. A polyethylene glycol (PEG)-gelatin hydrogel supports cell adhesion, and the structures can be used for biological barrier models comprising either one or multiple hydrogel layers. Here, we demonstrate the formation of a tight layer of an epithelial cell model comprising MDCK cells cultured over 9 days by following the build-up of the transepithelial electrical resistances. Second, by integrating a pure PEG hydrogel into the PCL mesh, significant swelling is induced, which leads to the formation of a non-adherent biological scaffold with a large curvature that is useful for spheroid formation. In conclusion, we demonstrate the development of a handling platform for hydrogel cell culture scaffolds for easy integration with conventional measurement techniques and miniaturized organs-on-chip systems.