bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between subclavian vein diameter and its collapsibility index with hypotension induced by general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: an observational study
Authors: Chen Huijuan , Zhang Xianlong , Wang Lei , Zheng Cuijuan , Cai Shenquan , Cheng Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Many studies have shown that the inferior Vena Cava (IVC) diameter and its collapsibility index are credible indicators for predicting fluid reactivity. For critically ill patients, the collapsibility index of subclavian vein (SCV) can replace the collapsibility index of IVC(IVC-CI) to evaluate patients' intravascular volume status.
Methods
A total of 188 elderly patients, aged 65 to 85 years, were recruited for gastrointestinal operation under general anesthesia. Ultrasonic measurements of SCV and IVC were performed before induction of general anesthesia. According to whether hypotension occurred after induction, patients were divided into the hypotension group and the non -hypotension group. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ultrasonic measurements of SCV and IVC for hypotension after anesthesia induction. Pearson linear correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between ultrasonic measurements and mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores.
Results
The maximum diameter of SCV(dSCVmax) and maximum diameter of IVC (dIVCmax) were unrelated to the percentage decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP); the collapsibility index of SCV(SCV-CI) and IVC-CI were positively correlated with the percentage decrease in MAP with the correlation coefficients of 0.475 (p < 0.001) and 0.577 (p < 0.001), respectively. The areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.824 (0.759–0.889) for SCV-CI, and 0.874 (0.820–0.928) for IVC-CI. The optimal cutoff value of SCV-CI was 31.25% with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 90.1%, while IVC-CI was 36.60% with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 79.0%. After adjusting for confounding variables, SCV-CI had a significant predictor on the occurrence of hypotension and percentage decrease in MAP after induction of anesthesia, similar to IVC-CI. The results of pearson correlation coefficient showed that SCV-CI(r=-0.472, p < 0.001) and IVC-CI (r=-0.422, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with the postoperative MMSE scores.
Conclusion
dSCVmax was not correlated with hypotension after anesthesia induction, while SCV-CI, like IVC-CI, could make reliable prediction about the occurrence of hypotension and percentage decrease in MAP after anaesthesia induction in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery; hypotension after induction of general anesthesia may be related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Trial registration:
This study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of China on 05/06/2022 under the registration number ChiCTR2200060596
Pain Can’t Be Carved at the Joints
Authors: BARRON DANIEL , Saltoun Karin , Kiesow Hannah , Fu Melanie , Tanugi Jessica , Geha Paul , Scheinost Dustin , Silbersweig David , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider a shift in pain medicine delivery systems from the conventional, body-part-based approach to one anchored in intricate, real-world pain experience and holistic profiles of patient function. Utilizing the largest biomedical dataset to date (n = 34,337), we unearth four unique, biologically-based pain profiles that cut across medical specialties: pain interference, depression, medical pain, and anxiety, each representing different facets of functional impairment. Importantly, these profiles do not specifically align with variables believed to be important to the standard pain evaluation, namely painful body part, pain intensity, sex, or BMI. Correlations with individual-level clinical histories (137 medication categories, 1,425 clinician-assigned diagnostic codes, and 757 lifestyle and behavioral phenotypes) reveal that our pain profiles are largely associated with clinical variables and treatments of modifiable, chronic diseases, rather than with specific body parts. Across profiles, notable differences include opioids being associated only with the pain interference profile, while antidepressants linked to the three complimentary profiles. We further provide evidence that our pain profiles offer valuable, additional insights into patients' wellbeing that are not captured by the body-part framework, and make recommendations for how our pain profiles might sculpt the future design of healthcare delivery systems.
Risk factors for small airway dysfunction in different phenotypes of adult asthma patients
Authors: Guo Jing , Wang Jianwei , Liu Huifang , Yang Yujuan , Liu Zi , Sun Yuemei , Liu Liping , Zhang Yu , Song Xicheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Small airway dysfunction (SAD) presents in asthma of all severities and is associated with asthma control and exacerbations. However, risk factors for SAD in adult asthma patients with different allergy-related phenotypes remain unclear.
Methods
The medical records of 222 adult patients with allergic asthma, 200 patients with allergy-related non-allergic asthma, and 118 patients with non-allergy-related non-allergic asthma were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics were compared among groups, and independent risk factors for SAD in each group were identified by performing backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Patients with allergic asthma had an obviously higher male proportion, a significantly younger onset age, and a significantly lower value of blood neutrophil percentage than the two other groups. The values of blood eosinophil percentage and total IgE were highest in patients with allergic asthma and lowest in patients with non-allergy-related non-allergic asthma. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed smoking as the independent risk factor for SAD in adult patients with allergic asthma, age as the independent risk factor in patients with allergy-related non-allergic asthma, and family history of asthma as the independent risk factor in patients with non-allergy-related non-allergic asthma, respectively.
Conclusion
Smoking, age, and family history of asthma are independent risk factors for SAD in adult patients with allergic asthma, in adult patients with allergy-related non-allergic asthma, and in adult patients with non-allergy-related non-allergic asthma, respectively.
Systematic review of the actual emissions reductions of carbon offset projects across all major sectors
Authors: Probst Benedict , Toetzke Malte , Anadon Laura Diaz , Kontoleon Andreas , Hoffmann Volker 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Net-zero targets have significantly increased carbon offset demand. Carbon offsets are issued based on ex-ante estimates of project emissions reductions, though systematic evidence on ex-post evaluations of achieved emissions reductions is missing. We synthesized existing rigorous empirical studies evaluating more than 2,000 offset projects across all major offset sectors. Our analysis shows that offset projects achieved considerably lower emissions reductions than officially claimed. We estimate that only 12% of the total volume of existing credits constitute real emissions reductions, with 0% for renewable energy, 0.4% for cookstoves, 25.0% for forestry and 27.5% for chemical processes. Our results thus indicate that 88% of the total credit volume across these four sectors in the voluntary carbon market does not constitute real emissions reductions. This offset achievement gap corresponds to almost twice the annual German CO2 emissions. We complement evidence from offset projects with 51 additional studies conducting ex-post evaluations of field interventions with settings comparable to offset projects. For cookstoves and forestry projects, these field interventions were more effective at reducing emissions than the voluntary offset projects, likely due to more careful intervention targeting, stricter monitoring and enforcement of intervention protocols.
Influence of Bi doping on the electronic structure of (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers
Authors: Yastrubchak Oksana , TATARYN NATALIIA , Gluba Lukasz , Mamykin Sergii , Sadowski Janusz , Andrearczyk Tomasz , Domagala Jaroslaw Z. , Kondratenko Olga , Romanyuk Volodymyr , Fedchenko Olena , Lytvynenko Yarina , Tkach Olena , Vasilyev Dmitry , Babenkov Sergey , Medjanik Katerina , Gas Katarzyna , Sawicki Maciej , Wosinski Tadeusz , Schönhense Gerd , Elmers Hans-Joachim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The influence of the addition of Bi to the (Ga,Mn)As dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor on its electronic structure as well as on its magnetic and structural properties has been studied. Epitaxial (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) layers of high structural perfection have been grown using low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. Post-growth annealing of the samples improves their structural and magnetic properties and increases the hole concentration in the layers. Hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (HARPES) reveals a strongly dispersing band in the Mn-doped layers, which crosses the Fermi energy and is caused by the high concentration of Mn-induced itinerant holes located in the valence band. An increased density of states near the Fermi level is attributed to additional localized Mn states. In addition to a decrease of the chemical potential with increasing Mn doping, we find significant changes in the valence band caused by the incorporation of a small atomic fraction of Bi atoms. The spin-orbit split off band is shifted to higher binding energies, which is inconsistent with the impurity band model of the band structure in (Ga,Mn)As. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and modulation photoreflectance spectroscopy results confirm the valence band modifications in the investigated layers.
Equitable machine learning counteracts ancestral bias in precision medicine, improving outcomes for all
Authors: Graim Kiley , Smith Leslie , Cahill James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gold standard genomic datasets severely under-represent non-European populations, leading to inequities and a limited understanding of human disease [1–8]. Therapeutics and outcomes remain hidden because we lack insights that we could gain from analyzing ancestry-unbiased genomic data. To address this significant gap, we present PhyloFrame, the first-ever machine learning method for equitable genomic precision medicine. PhyloFrame corrects for ancestral bias by integrating big data tissue-specific functional interaction networks, global population variation data, and disease-relevant transcriptomic data. Application of PhyloFrame to breast, thyroid, and uterine cancers shows marked improvements in predictive power across all ancestries, less model overfitting, and a higher likelihood of identifying known cancer-related genes. The ability to provide accurate predictions for underrepresented groups, in particular, is substantially increased. These results demonstrate how AI can mitigate ancestral bias in training data and contribute to equitable representation in medical research.
Sex Differences in the Indole-3-propionic Acid Responses to Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass
Authors: Pihlajamäki Jussi , Silva Thais , Sehgal Ratika , Spritzer Poli Mara , Kårlund Anna , Tuomainen Marjo , Männistö Ville , Karhunen Leila , Hanhineva Kati , Lehtonen Marko , Käkelä Pirjo , Kolehmainen Marjukka , de Mello Vanessa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Increased levels of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut-derived metabolite that lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), may contribute to the metabolic benefits occurring after obesity surgery. We investigate whether the associations of serum IPA with insulin and glucose metabolism differ between men and women in response to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and compare the effects of LRYGB to the effect of a 7-week Very-Low Caloric Diet (VLCD) induced weight loss.
METHODS
Fasting serum IPA concentration was measured in 121 individuals from the ongoing Kuopio OBesity Surgery study (KOBS, 36 men and 85 women; BMI 42.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2) at both baseline and 1-year follow-up visits using targeted LC-QQQ-MS. In addition, plasma IPA levels were measured in 78 participants of Foods for weight management study (ELIPA, 21 men and 57 women, BMI 34.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2) by non-targeted LC-QTOF-MS metabolite profiling.
RESULTS
Male and female participants of the KOBS were similar in age, BMI, and IPA concentrations at baseline. We observed an increase in IPA in women but not in men in response to RYGB (P = 0.028 for 1-year follow-up vs. sex interaction). This increase in IPA was associated with decreased fasting plasma insulin, independently of weight loss. Conversely, VLCD intervention induced a similar increase in IPA in both women and men, and changes in IPA did not correlate with change in plasma insulin.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that LRYGB-induced increase in serum IPA concentration in women may be associated with decrease in fasting insulin. A comprehensive understanding of the sex-specific effects responses of the IPA to LRYGB could improve targeting non-surgical and surgical treatments to men and women.
Alleleomes characterize the survivors of 3.5 billion years of bacterial evolution
Authors: Palsson Bernhard , Catoiu Edward , Hyun Jason 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bacteria are thought to have appeared on Earth some 3.5 billion years ago. Widespread sequencing has uncovered the set of surviving genetic alleles (termed the alleleome) for tens of thousands of bacterial strains. Here, we characterize over 1.3 billion mutations across 54,191 sequenced genomes that define the alleleomes of 184 bacterial species. The alleleomes are surprisingly conserved, and even the most variable codons encode only a few alternate amino acids with predictably-benign consequences on protein function. Furthermore, the evolutionary stabilities of amino acids are shared across species. Lastly, the global ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous mutations (dN/dS) is 0.32. Notably, human pathogens exhibit the most variation and the highest dN/dS ratios, suggesting that their genes are under increasingly positive selection. As more genome sequences become available, alleleomes provide a context to study sequence diversity across the phylogentic tree and can reveal data-driven insights into the genetic basis for natural selection in bacteria.
Nonlinear bosonic Maxwell's demon
Authors: Ritboon Atirach , Filip Radim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Maxwell's demon principle of extracting valuable resources through measuring fluctuations in the system already stimulated modern quantum physics. In contrast to classical physics, a free coupling to a probe and its free measurement fundamentally shape the system state. This becomes a new dimension of the Maxwell demon effect, as in addition to the gained information, the back action on the system can be exploited and essential for further applications. We investigate quantum bosonic Maxwell's demon nonlinearly coupled to a two-level system to shift its paradigm to quantum nonlinear physics. The deterministic multiple subtractions of single energy quantum by an energetically conservative Jaynes-Cummings interaction leads to an out-of-equilibrium state. Although still super-Poissonian, it can resonantly excite another two-level system better than any thermal state. Making use of an already available and energetically conserved nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings to absorb multiple bosons, nonlinear subtractions can exclusively suppress the tails of bosonic noise to reach an out-of-equilibrium state whose statistics and mean-to-noise ratio are close to that of Possonian distributions. The improvement becomes significant for successfully exciting hundreds of qubits as including few additional optimal nonlinear subtractions can improve the success rate 10 times higher than the linear scheme.
Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract synthesized for lanthanum oxide nanoparticles and its biological application by using green synthesis
Authors: Devi V Kousalya , Sowmya N Swarna , Bharathi A Nivedhitha , Alam M Mujahid , Kumar M Krishna , Sudhahar S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plectranthusamboinicus leaf extract can be synthesized by using lanthanum oxide nanoparticles which play a vital role in the field of science and technology. Hazardous and harmful chemicals can be avoided for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). An environment-friendly and non-dangerous method like biosynthesis can be useful for the development of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Lanthanum is one of the rare earth metals which are used to synthesize NPs by green methodology. The different characterizations like structural, morphological, chemical, optical, and biological studies were taken for the detection of La2O3 (NPs). The main objective of this research is to use La2O3 as a potential inhibitor to handle various inflammations and diabetes problems. The diffraction peaks present in powder XRD confirm the crystalline and its structure. The functional groups present in the spectrum can be confirmed by using FT-IR spectroscopy. The wavelength in the range of 230-850 nm, the peak absorbed at 274 nm, and also band gap can be detected in UV-Visible spectroscopy.
The structural morphology of La2O3 nanoparticles is cubic and irregular in shape and EDAX which confirms the presence of La and O elements and the particle size of the nanoparticle was analyzed by TEM.
Withaferin-A attenuates T2DM-induced male reproductive dysfunction mediated by ERα in brain and testes of Swiss albino mice
Authors: Baghel Kalpana , Azam Zaffar , Srivast Rashmi , Gupta Neelima , Kango Naveen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by persistence hyperglycemia resulting from diminished response to insulin secretion or resistance. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Withaferin-A on T2DM-induced reproductive dysfunction in mice. For the same, mice were intraperitoneally injected with Streptozotocin (STZ), (40 mg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days to induce T2DM. Mice were then treated with WA (8 mg/kg/day) both in normal and diabetic conditions (STZ+WA). Next, blood glucose levels, OGTT, IPTT, oxidative stress and reproductive parameters were estimated. For reproductive performance, immunofluorescent localization of GnRH-I and ERα in POA and PVN region of hypothalamus and ERα in testes was performed. STZ-induced diabetes triggered reproductive dysfunctions as mediated by low ir-GnRH-I and ERα in the brain and ERα in the testes along with declined testosterone and estradiol levels. Interestingly, treatment with WA significantly reduced the blood glucose levels and enhanced glucose clearance including oxidative stress in the brain, pancreas and testes as indicated by low levels of H2O2 and MDA in STZ+WA. This study report for the first time that WA can efficiently combat T2DM induced reproductive dysfunction via enhancing endogenous testosterone, estrogen and increased ir-GnRH-I and ERα in the brain and ERα in the testes of T2DM mice.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Complications of Fully-Covered versus Uncovered Self- expandable Metallic Stents in Treating Inoperable Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Retrospective Study from a Large Center in China
Authors: Luo Ting , Gao Feng , Sun Yong , Luo Haifeng , Tan Guang , Liu Jiao , Gu Jiangning , Yang Zhuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare the efficacy of fully covered and uncovered self-expandable metallic stents in patients with inoperable malignant distal biliary obstruction.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed in 310 patients with inoperable malignant distal biliary obstruction from January 2017 to December 2021. Among these, 75 patients received fully-covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) implantations while 235 received uncovered stent (USEMS) implantations. All patients were pathologically diagnosed. Overall survival, stent patency, and postoperative complications were evaluated and analyzed.
Results
No significant difference was found between the FCSEMS and USEMS groups in terms of overall survival time (167 vs. 169 days, P = 0.566). However, the mean stent patency duration in the FCSEMS group was longer than that in the USEMS(445 vs. 348 days, P = 0.020) group. No remarkable differences were found in postoperative complications, including acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, stent migration, occlusion, and postoperative bleeding, between the two groups. A multivariate analysis indicated that EST (HR = 1.259, 95% CI [1.167–1.358], P < 0.001), USEMS(HR = 2.277, 95%CI [1.750–2.963], P < 0.001), stent length (HR = 1.804, 95% CI [1.662–1.959], P < 0.001), pre-operative biliary stent (HR = 1.166, 95% CI [1.070–1.271], P < 0.001) and non-pancreatic cancer (HR1.404, 95% CI [1.299–1.516], P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for stent occlusion, while a BMI of > 24 kg/m2 (HR0.600, 95%CI[0.548–0.657], P < 0.001) was a protective factor.
Conclusions
Compared to USEMS, FCSEMS could offer a longer stent patency time for patients with DMBO; however, no significant difference was found in overall survival and postoperative complications in our retrospective study.
Evaluating the attenuation of naphthenic acids in constructed wetland mesocosms planted with Carex aquatilis
Authors: Trepanier Kaitlyn E. , Meulen Ian J. Vander , Ahad Jason M.E. , Headley John V. , Degenhardt Dani 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Surface oil sand mining and extraction in northern Alberta’s Athabasca oil sands region produces large volumes of oil sand process–affected waters (OSPW). OSPW is a complex mixture containing major contaminant classes including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary organic toxicants in OSPW and reducing their concentrations is a priority for all oil sands companies. Previous evidence has shown that constructed wetland treatment systems (CWTS) are capable of reducing the concentration of NAs and the toxicity of OSPW through bioremediation. In this study, we constructed greenhouse mesocosms with OSPW or lab process water (LPW, i.e., water designed to mimic OSPW minus the NAFC content) with three treatments: (1) OSPW planted with Carex aquatilis, (2) OSPW – no plants, and (3) LPW – no plants. The OSPW – C. aquatilis treatment saw a significant reduction in NAFC concentrations in comparison to OSPW- no plants treatments, but both changed the distribution of the NAFCs in similar ways. Upon completion of the study, treatments with OSPW saw fewer high molecular weight NAs and an increase in the abundance of O3– and O4–containing formulae. Results from this study provide invaluable information on how constructed wetlands can be used in future remediation of OSPW in a way that previous studies were unable to achieve due to uncontrollable environmental factors in field experiments and the active, high-energy processes used in CWTS pilot studies.
First-principle investigations of pressure effect on optical properties of SrPuO 3
Authors: Dujana Wasif Abu , Das Ovijit , Podder Arpon , Pramanik Md. Masum Rana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study discusses the pressure-induced behavior of structural and optical properties of rare earth metal cubic perovskite SrPuO3. The lattice parameter is found 4.33 Å, which agrees with other studies and the bulk modulus of the structure is 157.989 GPa. First-principle computation shows that the value of dielectric constants falls drastically in the visible range. With increasing pressure, there is a significant increase in absorption and conductivity of the material. These increases occur inside the visible range, promoting the material to be used as optoelectronic devices. Reflectivity and refractive index under pressure is found to be high for the red light and low for the violet zone. Again, these start to increase for additional frequencies. The frequency-dependent loss function is also described in work.