bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations of the Tauc Plot Method
Authors: Klein Julian , Kampermann Laura , Mockenhaupt Benjamin , Behrens Malte , Strunk Jennifer , Bacher Gerd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Tauc plot is a method originally developed to derive the optical gap of amorphous semiconductors such as amorphous germanium or silicon. By measuring the absorption coefficient α(hν) and plotting versus photon energy hν, a value for the optical gap (Tauc gap) is determined. In this way non‐direct optical transitions between approximately parabolic bands can be examined. In the last decades, a modification of this method for (poly‐) crystalline semiconductors has become popular to study direct and indirect interband transitions. For this purpose, (ahν)n (n = , 2) is plotted against hν to determine a value of the electronic bandgap. Due to the ease of performing UV–vis measurements, this method has nowadays become a standard to analyze various (poly‐) crystalline solids, regardless of their different electronic structure. Although this leads partially to widely varying values of the respective bandgap of nominally identical materials, there is still no study that critically questions which peculiarities in the electronic structure prevent a use of the Tauc plot for (poly‐) crystalline solids and to which material classes this applies. This study aims to close this gap by discussing the Tauc plot and its limiting factors for exemplary (poly‐) crystalline solids with different electronic structures.
Enhanced Sensitivity of ZnFe2O4 Based on Ordered Magnetic Moment Induced by Magnetic Field: A New Insight into Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Cao Jing , Wang Shuangming , Sun Zhiying , Li Jiahao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemiconductor gas sensor mainly relies on the interaction between sensitive materials and gas to obtain gas information. Deep insight into the interaction mechanism is increasingly important for designing high performance gas sensors. Here, ZnFe2O4 microspheres (MSs) are utilized with tunable magnetism through the assistance of magnetic field to study the essential elements of sensitive processes. The gas sensing properties of ZnFe2O4 MS under different applied magnetic field intensities and various gaseous environments are systematically investigated. The results suggest that ordered magnetic moment induced by magnetic field promotes the probability of contact and reaction between gases and sensitive materials, thus significantly improving the sensitivity. Especially, ZnFe2O4 annealed at 500 °C sensor under the action of 54.6 mT magnetic field exhibits excellent ethanol detection performance (S = 67.8), which is ≈4 times higher than that without magnetic field. By carefully analyzing the experimental results, this research proposes a new physical model called “port docking” to re‐explain the sensitivity mechanism. This work systematically studies the role of the magnetic moment in the sensing process, and provides a new idea for designing high‐performance gas sensors.
Precise RNA Editing: Cascade Self‐Uncloaking Dual‐Prodrug Nanoassemblies Based on CRISPR/Cas13a for Pleiotropic Immunotherapy of PD‐L1‐Resistant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Bingchen , Wang Yuehua , Wang Shengtao , Tang Yan , Li Zibo , Lin Ling , Wu Yifen , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas13a is a powerful genome editing system for RNA knockdown that holds enormous potential for cancer treatment by targeting currently undruggable oncogenes or immune checkpoints. However, the precise intratumoral activation of CRISPR/Cas13a to maximize the therapeutic efficiency while guaranteeing biosafety remains a daunting challenge. Here, a cascade self‐uncloaking nanoassembly (SRC) based on a dual‐prodrug comprising SN38 and Cas13a/RNP is developed, and the external encapsulation is performed by coating with a ROS‐responsive probe, which is stimulated by the tumor microenvironment to achieve the efficient NIR‐II imaging by CH10055 due to disaggregation into single molecules, while the second release of prodrug in the hypoxic environment enables targeted controlled release. SN38 not only induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), but significantly combats the immunosuppressive microenvironment of colorectal cancer in combination with the RNA editing targeting the novel immune checkpoint TIM3 to regulate the cGAS‐STING pathways, resulting in synergistic activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. The treatment of SRC exhibits a tenfold increase in tumor regression of α‐PD‐L1 in PD‐L1‐resistant orthotopic and xenograft models by inducing effective tumor immune infiltration. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using CRISPR/Cas13a in cancer treatment, and SRC holds immense promise as a neoadjuvant strategy for enhancing CRC immunotherapy.
Boosting Redox Kinetics of Sulfur Electrochemistry by Manipulating Interfacial Charge Redistribution and Multiple Spatial Confinement in Mott–Schottky Electrocatalysts
Authors: Luo Rongjie , Guo Qifei , Tang Zihuan , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Xingxing , Gao Biao , Zhang Xuming , Huo Kaifu , Zheng Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe serious shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics intrinsically handicap the practical application of Li‐S batteries. Herein, a unique 3D hierarchically porous Mott–Schottky electrocatalyst composed of W2C quantum dots (QD) spatially confined in nitrogen‐doped graphene microspheres (NGM) is proposed for regulating the kinetics of sulfur electrochemistry. Experimental and theoretical results disclose a spontaneous charge rearrangement and induce built‐in electric field across the W2C QD/NGM heterojunction interface, contributing to reduced energy barrier for both polysulfides reduction and Li2S oxidation during entitle discharge/charge processes. Furthermore, the ultrasmall W2C QD with high electrocatalytic activity and superior conductivity can promote the conversion of S species, while the hierarchically porous microspheres assembled from wrinkled graphene nanosheets not only can efficiently inhibit the polysulfides shuttling via multiple spatial confinement, but also provide abundant inner space for stable reservation of active S, highly conductive networks, and maintain the structural integrity of cathode during consecutive cycling. Consequently, Li‐S batteries employed with the designed W2C QD/NGM‐based cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical properties even at a high sulfur loading. The superior performance combined with the simplicity of the synthesis process represents a promising strategy for the rational design of advanced electrocatalyst for energy applications.
Bioinspired, Sustainable, High‐Efficiency Solar Evaporators for Sewage Purification
Authors: Wang Zubin , Jin Rongyu , Zhang Shiying , Han Xiao , Guo Pu , Jiang Lei , Heng Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo alleviate the severe water crisis, an interfacial solar evaporator provides a promising method to produce freshwater. Although many superior solar evaporators present high evaporation rates by reducing the water evaporation enthalpy, adapting sustainable materials to construct high‐efficiency solar evaporators remains challenging. Herein, inspired by the corncob pith's structure and functional groups, interconnected porous cellulose hydrogel is proposed by crosslinking sustainable hydroxypropyl cellulose. Benefiting from the porous structure and abundant hydroxy group, the corncob pith/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose hydrogel/CNTs evaporators show a low evaporation enthalpy of 880.5 ± 42.1 and 1280.7 ± 57.8 J g−1 due to the reduced hydrogen bond numbers between water molecules and enable evaporation rates of 3.06 and 2.56 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. Moreover, the evaporators present superior purification performance for seawater and sewage, and show excellent anti‐biological fouling properties under light irradiation. It is anticipated that the bionic strategy would provide an in‐depth understanding of designing next‐generation sustainable solar evaporators in the framework of the dual‐carbon concept.
Alendronate Triggered Dual‐Cascade Targeting Prodrug Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and STING Activation of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shen Meifang , Wang Yushu , Bing Tiejun , Tang Yujing , Liu Xueyi , Yu Yingjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe complex physiological environment in bone tissue poses a challenge to the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for osteosarcoma (OS) treatment; hence, an efficient drug delivery system designed for OS is highly desired. Herein, alendronate (Ale)‐based cationic platinum prodrug nanoparticles (Ale NP) are developed, which exhibit cascade responsiveness to the OS tumor microenvironment. With Ale triggered bone targeting and charge reversal effects, Ale NP demonstrates superior capacity for achieving deep penetration into dense OS tissues. Furthermore, Ale NP can induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation via activation of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway using platinum drugs. The highly potent phenanthridine (Pt(II)) can be released in the presence of overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, thereby achieving dual‐targeted cascade delivery of cationic platinum drugs in OS. Notably, Ale NP not only effectively eliminates the tumor in the internal region of OS but also acts as a potent STING agonist to effectively reverse the suppressive microenvironment of OS. Overall, Ale‐triggered dual‐cascade targeting prodrug nanoparticles significantly improve drug targeting and penetration in OS, hence paving a promising avenue for the clinical treatment of OS.
Electrolyte Tuned Robust Interface toward Fast‐Charging Zn–Air Battery with Atomic Mo Site Catalyst
Authors: Wang Qichen , Tang Shuaihao , Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Jiao , Bai Yu , Xiong Yu , Yang Peiyao , Wang Yuchao , Tan Yun , Liu Wei , Xiong Xiang , Lei Yongpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStable operation of sustainable Zn–air batteries (ZABs) has attracted considerable attention, but it remains a huge challenge to achieve temperature‐adaptive and fast‐charging ZABs. The poor Zn|electrolyte interface and the sluggish charging kinetic are the major obstacles. Here, high‐performance ZABs are constructed by designing polarized zincophilic solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) with the unique solvation interaction of Zn2+ with ethylene glycol (EG), and atomic Mo site cathode catalyst. On the one hand, the modulation of the solvation structure of Zn2+ ions by partial substitution of H2O with EG inhibits Zn dendrite growth and parasitic reactions, leading to the improvement of the Zn|electrolyte interface. Moreover, the polarized terminal groups in SSE are strongly coordinated with Zn/H2O, which exerts a profound influence on Zn|electrolyte interface stability and low‐temperature properties. On the other hand, atomic Mo incorporated α‐Co(OH)2 mesoporous nanosheets decrease the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction via strong electronic interaction. Consequently, the assembled aqueous ZABs exhibit ten‐time fast‐charging ability and remarkable cycling stability. Moreover, the assembled solid‐state ZABs show unprecedented stability (1400 cycles at 5 mA cm−2) and high energy efficiency at −40 °C.
Anisotropic Interfaces Support the Confined Growth of Magnetic Nanometer‐Sized Heterostructures for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Xu Chunyang , Luo Kaicheng , Du Yiqian , Zhang Huibin , Lv Xiaowei , Lv Hualiang , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Chang , Zhang Jincang , Che Renchao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe fabrication of nanometer‐sized magnetic heterostructures with controlled magnetic components and specific interfaces holds great significance in the field of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. However, the process of achieving these structures still poses significant challenges. Here, abundant magnetic heterostructures are successfully fabricated by utilizing the surface energy anisotropy differences of the nonasymmetric hammer‐shaped interface to support the nucleation and growth of magnetic heterostructure components while effectively inhibiting their aggregation. Through a confined growth strategy via in situ growth of FeOOH and sequentially precise thermal treatments, dispersion of the heterostructures is achieved at the nanometer scale, while also observing a high degree of chemical stability due to occurrence of a charge‐compensation effect at the interface. Consequently, a series of magnetic heterostructures are obtained via phase translations of FeOOH precursors. The nanometer‐sized heterostructures demonstrate multilevel interfacial polarization effects. Furthermore, the hierarchical core–shell structure of the heterostructures promotes anisotropic polarization absorption. As a result, the multiple interfaces and nanometer‐sized Fe/Fe3O4@SiO2@Fe‐2 heterostructures demonstrate improved EM wave attenuation performance. Remarkably, they achieve an absorption bandwidth of 9 GHz at a thickness of 1.8 mm. A novel avenue is introduced here for investigating the intricate relationship between structure and properties in magnetic heterostructures.
Enabling Effective Thiocyanogen/Thiocyanate Couple for the Zinc─Pseudohalogen Battery
Authors: Gao Kun , Li Shuning , Liu Jiajia , Yang Tian , Yu Wenjing , Ju Shidi , Zhang Shaohua , Zhang Zhipan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPseudohalogens are neutral molecules with similar chemical properties to halogens that can be utilized in zinc batteries. For instance, thiocyanogen, (SCN)2, features a fairly positive standard redox potential when coupled with SCN− (0.77 V vs SHE, standard hydrogen electrode) and serves as a feasible cathode to pair zinc anode. However, the severe hydrolysis of (SCN)2 and generation of trithiocyanate ion, (SCN)3−, and parathiocyanogen, (SCN)x, seriously undermine the couple reversibility, leading to a poor electrochemical performance. Herein, by selecting a water‐in‐salt ZnCl2 electrolyte and an oxygen‐enriched carbon electrode, an effective (SCN)2/SCN− electrochemistry is activated. On the one hand, intensive ion coordination decreases free H2O and SCN− contents to suppress detrimental hydrolysis of (SCN)2 and generation of (SCN)3− and (SCN)x. On the other hand, high electronegativity of oxygen‐containing functional groups facilitates the adsorption of in situ generated (SCN)2 and reduces side reactions. As a result, Zn─(SCN)2 battery can be charged–discharged for 500 cycles and exhibits high capacities (479 mAh g−1 based on the mass of (SCN)2 or 1.73 mAh cm−2 based on device area) and remarkable energy densities (644 Wh kg−1 or 2.216 mWh cm−2). This first reported Zn─(SCN)2 battery pioneers the zinc─pseudohalogen battery and raises it to a higher level among aqueous batteries.
Microneedle Patch Integrated with Porous Silicon Confined Dual Nanozymes for Synergistic and Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Nanocatalytic Ferroptosis Treatment of Melanoma
Authors: Zhao Jingwen , Duan Wei , Liu Xingyue , Xi Fengna , Wu Jianmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuperficial melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer without desirable clinically therapeutic options. Nanozymes, artificial nanomaterials with physicochemical performance and enzyme catalytic properties, have attracted considerable attention for antitumor therapy. However, the therapeutic efficiency of nanozymes is vulnerable to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and delivery process. Herein, a microneedle (MN) patch that integrates porous silicon (PSi) loaded with dual nanozymes is devised to bidirectionally regulate TME and accurately deliver nanocomplex to initiate ferroptosis for melanoma treatment. Benefitting from the channel confinement effect of PSi, the copper‐doped graphene quantum dots and palladium nanoparticles coloaded PSi (CuGQD/PdNPs@PSi) exhibit synergistic effect with enhanced mimicking peroxidase and glutathione oxidase activities, which are ≈2–3‐fold higher than those of monoconfined nanozyme or nonconfined nanozyme complexes. Additionally, the synergistic catalytic performance of CuGQD/PdNPs@PSi can be improved via photostimuli hyperthermia. The CuGQD/PdNPs@PSi can induce ferroptosis manifested by upregulation of lipid peroxides and inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4. Furthermore, loading of nanocomplexes into MNs for administration resulted in a satisfactory melanoma growth inhibition of 98.8% within 14 days. Therefore, MNs encapsulated with CuGQD/PdNPs@PSi can provide a potentially nanocatalytic strategy for ferroptosis‐inducing tumor treatment while also meeting the medical needs of eradicating superficial tumors.
Buried‐Metal‐Grid Electrodes for Efficient Parallel‐Connected Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Peng , Su Rui , Xu Hongyu , Li Qiuyang , Zhong Qixuan , Yan Haoming , Yang Xiaoyu , Hu Juntao , Li Shunde , Huang Tianyu , Xiao Yun , Liu Bin , Ji Yongqiang , Wang Dengke , Sun Huiliang , Guo Xugang , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Snaith Henry J. , Gong Qihuang , Zhao Lichen , Zhu Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe limited conductivity of existing transparent conducting oxide (TCO) greatly restricts the further performance improvement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for large‐area devices. Herein, buried‐metal‐grid tin‐doped indium oxide (BMG ITO) electrodes are developed to minimize the power loss caused by the undesirable high sheet resistance of TCOs. By burying 140‐nm‐thick metal grids into ITO using a photolithography technique, the sheet resistance of ITO is reduced from 15.0 to 2.7 Ω sq−1. The metal step of BMG over ITO has a huge impact on the charge carrier transport in PSCs. The PSCs using BMG ITO with a low metal step deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) significantly better than that of their counterparts with higher metal steps. Moreover, compared with the pristine ITO‐based PSCs, the BMG ITO‐based PSCs show a smaller PCE decrease when scaling up the active area of devices. The parallel‐connected large‐area PSCs with an active area of 102.8 mm2 reach a PCE of 22.5%. The BMG ITO electrodes are also compatible with the fabrication of inverted‐structure PSCs and organic solar cells. The work demonstrates the great efficacy of improving the conductivity of TCO by BMG and opens up a promising avenue for constructing highly efficient large‐area PSCs.
Low‐Dimensional‐Materials‐Based Photodetectors for Next‐Generation Polarized Detection and Imaging
Authors: Xin Wei , Zhong Weiheng , Shi Yujie , Shi Yimeng , Jing Jiawei , Xu Tengfei , Guo Jiaxiang , Liu Weizhen , Li Yuanzheng , Liang Zhongzhu , Xin Xing , Cheng Jinluo , Hu Weida , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe vector characteristics of light and the vectorial transformations during its transmission lay a foundation for polarized photodetection of objects, which broadens the applications of related detectors in complex environments. With the breakthrough of low‐dimensional materials (LDMs) in optics and electronics over the past few years, the combination of these novel LDMs and traditional working modes is expected to bring new development opportunities in this field. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of LDMs, as polarization‐sensitive components in polarized photodetection and even the imaging, is the main focus, with emphasis on the relationship between traditional working principle of polarized photodetectors (PPs) and photoresponse mechanisms of LDMs. Particularly, from the view of constitutive equations, the existing works are reorganized, reclassified, and reviewed. Perspectives on the opportunities and challenges are also discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide a more general overview in the use of LDMs in this field, sorting out the way of related devices for “more than Moore” or even the “beyond Moore” research.
Tailoring Pore Networks – Gas Diffusion Electrodes via Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Weber Nils , Linkhorst John , Keller Robert , Wessling Matthias 
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising alternative to conventional electrode production due to its high freedom of design, excellent reproducibility, and a manifold choice of metals serving as substrates or even electrocatalysts in various electrochemical reactions. Nonetheless, porous gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) have not been fabricated by AM due to the required resolution of the pore network in the micron to submicron range. Herein, the single‐step fabrication of GDEs via AM is demonstrated for the first time. Selective laser melting is used to control the porosity, the pore diameter, and the electrochemically active surface area of the generated pore network by engineering the laser hatching strategy. In this way, the electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated GDEs is tuned for CO2 electroreduction. The CO2 reduction reaction is amplified whilst the competing hydrogen evolution reaction is mitigated at high current densities of 100 mA cm−2. The presented method is a step further towards the production of next‐generation electrodes with tailored gas diffusion layers, thereby boosting electrode performance in a wide range of electrochemical applications.
Performance Optimization of a Thermoelectric‐Water Hybrid Cooling Garment
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Wei , Wang De‐Zhuang , Yin Liang‐Cao , Li Meng , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPersonal cooling garment can effectively prevent human from heat injury and realize global energy saving. However, it is hard to optimize the system with simultaneously realize thermal comfort and high coefficient of performance. To overcome this challenge, a thermoelectric‐water hybrid cooling garment is designed. The key performance indicators of personal cooling garments and experimentally demonstrate the necessity of hybridizing thermoelectric cooler with the employed water cooling garment is first analyzed . Correspondingly, the influence of inlet temperature and volume flow rate are studied and optimized step by step. Finally, under the optimized inlet temperature of 24 °C and the volume flow rate of 5 L h−1, employing water as the cooling media, a coefficient of performance of 1.31 can be approached at the working time ranging from 10 to 60 min. This study demonstrates that the thermoelectric‐water hybrid cooling garment technology can realize an effective cooling with simultaneously high coefficient of performance and maintain thermal comfort.
Photo‐Controllable Persistent Luminescence in Doped Polymers for Reversible High‐Resolution Patterning and Multiple Stimuli‐Response
Authors: Jin Longming , Chen Jinqing , Sun Jie , Mo Wanqi , Zheng Yuewei , Hong Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe unique properties of pure organic persistent luminescent materials have inspired extensive research in optoelectronics and biological applications. However, it is still challenging to dynamically manipulate organic persistent luminescence. In this work, a photo‐controllable persistent luminescence system is developed by incorporating an acridone derivative within poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) matrices from aqueous media. The doped polymer shows persistent luminescence consisting of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence with an afterglow efficiency of 17.6% and a lifetime of 687 ms under ambient conditions. Importantly, the system shows sensitive and reversible photo‐induced attenuation of both steady‐state luminescence and afterglow as a result of radical generations, leading to re‐printable patterning by a mask lithography with a resolution of ≈3.7 µm line width. Moreover, the dual mode afterglow emission and the hydrophilic PVA matrices endow the system time‐, temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent afterglow, enabling multiple stimuli‐response. Given a high‐resolution patterning capability and water‐solubility, the system can not only serve as inks and paints but also as rewritable substrates for micro‐patterning, providing a new perspective to various applications such as optical encryption, data storage, and sensors.