bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threshold-based Naïve Bayes classifier
Authors: Romano Maurizio , Contu Giulia , Mola Francesco , Conversano Claudio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Threshold-based Naïve Bayes (Tb-NB) classifier is introduced as a (simple) improved version of the original Naïve Bayes classifier. Tb-NB extracts the sentiment from a Natural Language text corpus and allows the user not only to predict how much a sentence is positive (negative) but also to quantify a sentiment with a numeric value. It is based on the estimation of a single threshold value that concurs to define a decision rule that classifies a text into a positive (negative) opinion based on its content. One of the main advantage deriving from Tb-NB is the possibility to utilize its results as the input of post-hoc analysis aimed at observing how the quality associated to the different dimensions of a product or a service or, in a mirrored fashion, the different dimensions of customer satisfaction evolve in time or change with respect to different locations. The effectiveness of Tb-NB is evaluated analyzing data concerning the tourism industry and, specifically, hotel guests’ reviews from all hotels located in the Sardinian region and available on Booking.com. Moreover, Tb-NB is compared with other popular classifiers used in sentiment analysis in terms of model accuracy, resistance to noise and computational efficiency.
Foliar Resorption Efficiency Does Not Change Along an Elevational Gradient in Two Dominant Peatbog Plant Species
Authors: Kučerová Andrea , Adamec Lubomír 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlants adapted to nutrient-poor temperate peatlands exhibit relatively low foliar N and P contents and resorb N and P from ageing leaves very efficiently to minimize their nutrient losses through litter fall. Changes in nutrient resorption efficiency due to an expectable increase of temperature may affect nutrient cycling in peatlands. We used an elevational gradient as a proxy for the effect of ongoing climatic change and compared the foliar N and P resorption efficiencies (REN, REP) of two co-occurring typical plant dominants (Molinia caerulea and Vaccinium uliginosum) at four microsites of each of two acidic peatbogs in southern Bohemia, Czechia, at two elevations differing by ca 500 m. No significant difference in soil nutrient content was found between the two sites. Foliar N and P contents in mature leaves in both species did not depend on the elevational gradient and were mostly not correlated with the inorganic soil nutrients. The REN (70–78%) and REP values (61–70%) in Vaccinium were markedly lower than those in Molinia (84–85% and 92–94%, respectively). In line with literature data, the peatland dominants Molinia and Vaccinium possess different strategies of foliar N and P resorption from ageing leaves. High REN and REP in Molinia obviously underlie its strong dominance in unmanaged peatland habitats. No elevational difference in both REN and REP was found in either species, indicating that the resorption efficiencies of these species are not expected to change markedly under the projected scenario of increasing temperature and lengthening growing season.
Feasibility Jump: an LP-free Lagrangian MIP heuristic
Authors: Luteberget Bjørnar , Sartor Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present Feasibility Jump (FJ), a primal heuristic for mixed-integer linear programs (MIP) using stochastic guided local search over a Lagrangian relaxation. The method is incomplete: it does not necessarily produce solutions to all feasible problems, the solutions it produces are not in general optimal, and it cannot detect infeasibility. It does, however, very quickly produce feasible solutions to many hard MIP problem instances. Starting from any variable assignment, Feasibility Jump repeatedly selects a variable and sets its value to minimize a weighted sum of constraint violations. These weights (which correspond to the Lagrangian multipliers) are adjusted for constraints that remain violated in local minima. Contrary to many other primal heuristics, Feasibility Jump does not require a solution of the continuous relaxation, which can be time-consuming for some problems. We compare FJ against FICO Xpress Solver 8.14 and we show that this heuristic is effective on a range of problems from the MIPLIB 2017 benchmark set, significantly improving the average time to find a first feasible solution. We also show that providing these quick solutions to Xpress produces a modest reduction in the average time to optimality in the same benchmark set. Our entry based on FJ to the MIP 2022 Computational Competition (which challenged participants to write LP-free MIP heuristics) won 1st place. Moreover, an implementation of Feasibility Jump now runs by default on FICO Xpress Solver 9.0, where similar results to the ones presented here could be observed.
Effects of coal bedding dip angle on hydraulic fracturing crack propagation
Authors: Huang Laisheng , Li Bo , Wang Bo , Zhang Junxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a commonly used and effective technology for increasing the permeability of coal–rock reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in engineering sites to realize the efficient exploitation and utilization of gas resources in coal–rock reservoirs. The core of hydraulic fracturing is the initiation, propagation, and path of hydraulic cracks. In this paper, the combination of true triaxial physical test and numerical simulation is used to study the influence of coal bedding characteristics on the crack propagation of hydraulic fracturing and to discuss the important role of bedding in hydraulic crack formation. Results show that the control effect of the coal bedding dip angle on the hydraulic crack propagation under the same stress conditions is stronger than that of the maximum principal stress, and the control effect of the bedding on the crack propagation is weaker under the bedding dip angles of 0° and 90°. Reasonable fracturing fluid displacement setting is conducive to the formation of complex hydraulic fracture network structure, small displacement is conducive to the opening of primary natural fractures, and large displacement is conducive to hydraulic cracks that pass through the structural surface and the coal–rock interface. Global and local methods of finite element mesh embedding zero-thickness cohesion element and a pore-pressure node merging method to simulate fracturing are established using Python language and ABAQUS numerical analysis platform, respectively. The numerical simulation results suggest that the main fractures are formed along the principal stress direction, and the secondary branch fractures are formed along the bedding direction under the condition wherein the coal bedding dip angle is 30°. Under the conditions of different stress fields and fracturing fluid discharges, the controlling effect of bedding on hydraulic fracture is closely related to the fracturing parameters.
Epidemiology of resistant gram-negative bacteria in nursing homes
Authors: Mills John P. , Mantey Julia , Cassone Marco , Kaye Keith S. , Mody Lona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Resistant gram-negative bacteria (R-GNB) colonization in nursing home patients can cause clinical infection and intrafacility transmission. Limited data exist on the roles of age and function on R-GNB colonization.Methods:A secondary data analysis was performed from a cohort study of 896 patients admitted to 6 Michigan nursing homes between November 2013 and May 2018. Swabs obtained upon enrollment, weekly for 1 month, then monthly until nursing home discharge from 5 anatomical sites were cultured for GNB. R-GNB were defined as resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, or imipenem. Patients with growth of the same R-GNB as the initial positive visit, from any anatomical site at any subsequent visit, were considered persistently colonized. Demographic data, antibiotic use, device use, and physical self-maintenance scales (PSMSs) were obtained upon enrollment. Characteristics were compared between patients with R-GNB colonization versus those without, and those with persistent R-GNB colonization versus those with spontaneous decolonization.Results:Of 169 patients with a positive R-GNB culture and ≥2 subsequent study visits, 89 (53%) were transiently colonized and 80 (47%) were persistently colonized. Compared to uncolonized patients, persistent and transient R-GNB colonization were associated with higher PSMS score: 1.14 (95% confidence interval or CI, 1.05–1.23; P = .002) and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.19; P = .023), respectively. Persistent colonization was independently associated with longer duration of nursing home stay (1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02; P < .001). Higher readmission rate among persistently colonized patients was observed on unadjusted analysis.Conclusions:Persistent R-GNB colonization is associated with younger age, functional disability, and prolonged length of nursing home stay. In-depth longitudinal studies to understand new acquisition and transmission dynamics of R-GNB in nursing homes are needed.
Respectability Politics and Black Mayors’ Responses to Police-involved Killings, Protests, and Civil Unrest: Is a Paradigm Shift Underway?
Authors: Wade Magic M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study asks if Black mayors’ individual and collective responses to George Floyd’s killing were qualitatively different than mayoral reactions to the deaths of Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. Specifically, I examine whether Black mayors rejected the “timeworn” tradition of respectability politics in favor of a new paradigm in 2020. I also consider the characteristics of mayors, cities, and media that may explain this change. My original dataset includes 232 public statements issued by 31 Black mayors during either the Obama administration (2014–2015) or Trump administration (2020). I find that the cohort of Black mayors leading large cities during Era 2 were demonstrably less likely to activate respectability politics when talking about Floyd’s murder than their predecessors. I discuss the implications of these observations considering the political climate mayors are confronting at the time of writing, around the 2-year anniversary of Floyd’s death.
The flow past two cylinders having different diameters
Authors: Baxendale A. J. , Grant I. , Barnes F. H. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper describes the results of an investigation of the flow over two cylinders in which the diameter of the upstream cylinder is half that of the downstream cylinder. Measurements were made of the surface pressure distribution around the downstream cylinder, and of the base pressures and Strouhal numbers of the two cylinders for separations between 1·32 D and 3·88 D, where D is the diameter of the downstream cylinder, and for angles of stagger between 0° and 45°.With the cylinders in tandem two different flows were found, and it is suggested that there is a step change between the flows at a critical separation.The behaviour of the measured quantities with a change of the angle of stagger is found, in general, to depend on whether the separation is less or greater than the critical separation. For each separation an angle of stagger is found at which the pressure distribution has a strong asymmetry over the rear of die cylinder. These pressure distributions are similar to each other, and they indicate the presence of an enhanced flow over the upper half of the cylinder. Also the lift force, for a given separation, then has its maximum value.It is found that for separations greater than the critical separation the Strouhal numbers of the vortex shedding from the two cylinders are identical over a considerable range in the angle of stagger.
Hypersonic flow past non-slender wedges, cones and ogives in oscillation
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Vempati M. , Das D. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryGhosh’s large-deflection hypersonic similitude and consequent plane and conico-annular piston theories have been applied to obtain unsteady pressure and the pitching moment derivatives for oscillating non-slender wedges, cones and ogives. The plane piston theory for a wedge is extended from a quasi-steady analysis, which gives the moment derivative due to pitch rate Cmq, to an unsteady analysis; the two analyses combine to give the moment derivative due to incidence rate , which is shown here to be the same for wedges and quasi-wedges. The present theory can separately give Cmq and for a quasiwedge of arbitrary shape; this principle is illustrated for a particular quasi-wedge namely the parabolic arc plane ogive. In comparison, a previous theory by Hui gave only the sum of Cmq and , only for wedges. The conico-annular piston theory is employed to obtain Cmθ, which is the moment derivative due to a steady pitch angle, and Cmq for non-slender cones and axisymmetric ogives in closed form for the first time.
Recent developments in store separation and grid survey techniques using the ARA Two-Sting Rig
Authors: Wood M. E. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe Two-Sting Rig system provides captive trajectory and grid survey testing in the ARA 2·74 m × 2·44 m transonic wind tunnel, on models of the order of 10% scale. The system has been in productive operation since 1979, having been used primarily in the captive trajectory mode to predict release characteristics for a wide range of stores/aircraft.The paper describes the improvements to and developments of the system that have arisen from experiences gained during the last two years of its operational use. A brief description only is given of the general arrangement of the rig. Improvements to performance, simulation capabilities and to wind tunnel productivity are described together with current design studies for new applications.An appraisal of the overall performance of the method against three other ground based techniques is used to illustrate its merits and defects, using results from recent Two-Sting Rig wind tunnel tests and flight.
A note on the prediction of flying boat take-off
Authors: Howe D. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIt is useful to have available simple prediction formulae for preliminary design work. In the case of landplane take-off such formulae exist, being expressed only in terms of a few major parameters. The flying boat situation is more complex due to the much greater and more variable total drag. By making appropriate assumptions an equivalent formula for flying boat take-off has been derived. Comparison of typical cases of the landplane and flying boat shows that whereas the take-off distance of the former is approximately inversely proportional to thrust/weight ratio to the power of 1·35, in the case of a flying boat it is inversely proportional to the square of thrust/weight ratio.
The induced downwash and lift on a wing of high aspect ratio in unsteady motion
Authors: Wilmott P. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAn unsteady lifting line theory for a general motion of a wing of high aspect ratio is presented. Our analysis parallels that of Van Dyke (1964) in his solution for the steady lifting line by the method of matched asymptotic expansions but is complicated by the shedding of transverse vortices associated with variation of circulation with time. We find expressions for the downwash due to three-dimensional (finite span) effects and the lift on the wing. Calculations are presented for a wing of elliptic planform following a curved path.
Cost effective transportation and high
technology
Authors: Swihart J. M. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis paper discusses the cost of high technology and the benefits to commercial air transport. The manufacturer's dilemma today is that whereas one could pay a 16% price premium to obtain a 10% reduction in fuel cost in the late 1970s, in 1985 that price premium has diminished to only 2½/2% to achieve a 10% fuel saving. Consequently, we must obtain the benefits of high technology at an extremely low cost.Four areas are discussed in some depth: Aerodynamics, including the effects of computational fluid dynamics, wing design, and laminar flow. Structures, including the effects of new materials, both metallic and non-metallic, and the automated tools necessary to build the non-metallic structure. Avionics, including both fly-by-wire and fly-by-light, and the improvements due to high speed digital computers as well as flat panel flight deck displays. Propulsion systems, including the effects of high bypass ratio, high pressure ratio turbofan engines, and single and counterrotation turbopropellers. The final result is an integration of these four areas of technology into a composition transport aircraft and the resulting performance.We all tend to think of the aviation industry as exciting high technology and eagerly look forward to the next new developments. Unfortunately, the air transport industry has just been through a most agonising depression on a worldwide basis, and their primary thoughts are, 'How can we keep those manufacturers with their new toys at bay until we can recover?' Certainly the manufacturers respect this view because we, for one, have just spent several billions to roll out three new products, and high technology has been expensive. To illustrate, if we compare the cost elements of a 727 of 1970 with one of 1980 (Fig. 1), we see the 68% increase in fuel cost (Fig. 2) that certainly drove the designs of the 757 and 767 airplanes. But if we look further at the cost element breakdown for a 1985 757, we see the large reduction in cash cost due to the high efficiency of its Rolls-Royce engine and the technology of its new wing, structures, and systems. What we often fail to perceive properly is the very large change due to the ownership cost of this high technology aircraft.
Notes on the structure of viscous and numerically-captured shocks
Authors: Pike J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAn exact expression for the flow variables through a viscous shock wave is obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations. The Prandtl number is taken to be ¾, which is close to the value for air, and the viscosity is assumed to be given by Sutherland's formula.By considering the limit as the viscosity tends to zero, it is shown that the solution to the Euler equations has an entropy spike at the shock wave. This explains certain, hitherto considered spurious, features of shock waves captured by numerical solutions of the Euler equations.
CRITICAL NOTES ON SERVIUS’ COMMENTARY ON VIRGIL (SERV. ON AEN. 11.741; ECL. 2.58; ECL. 4.4)
Authors: Poletti Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses three textual problems in Servius’ commentary on Virgil (Serv. on Aen. 11.741; Ecl. 2.58; Ecl. 4.4). In two notes a new conjecture is proposed; in one passage a transmitted reading, so far neglected by earlier editors, is supported.
White Internationalism and the League of Nations Movement in Interwar Australia
Authors: Knaap Aden 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPopular support for the League of Nations spread around the world in the interwar period but it did not spread evenly. Instead, it was concentrated in white-majority countries: both in Europe and beyond in the form of settler societies around the world. This article explores the relationship between the League movement and white supremacy in one such community: Australia. Citizens in that country combined their allegiance to the League with their beliefs in white supremacy: about the need to restrict immigration through the ‘White Australia’ policy; about the rationale of them ruling over non-white peoples in the territories they held under League ‘mandate’; and about their treatment of Indigenous Australians. In short, they were ‘white internationalists’. Australia’s white internationalists were relatively few. But they reveal a global history of popular white internationalism. Interwar Australians might have been some of the most blatant white internationalists but they were far from the only ones.
The shifting Christian right discourse on religious freedom in Australia
Authors: McLeay Angus , Poulos Elenie , Richardson-Self Louise 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolitical debates over religious freedom in Australia became prominent in the context of marriage equality, achieved in 2017. The Australian Christian Right (ACR) has driven these debates, but there is little research focusing on its discourse of religious freedom. This article examines a range of texts from ACR actors. Using discourse and theoretical analyses, we identify three key turns in the religious freedom rhetoric of the ACR: “ontological security,” “existential stress,” and “meaning vertigo.” We also explore how mimetic ACR discourse is compared to the United States' Christian Right (USCR). As with the USCR, this research demonstrates how the ACR—suffering meaning vertigo and aiming to re-secure its previously taken-for-granted worldview—has successfully reframed the discourse of religious freedom by positioning itself as a besieged minority.
Surface Wind Speeds and Enthalpy Fluxes During Tropical Cyclone Formation From Easterly Waves: A CYGNSS View
Authors: Aiyyer Anantha , Schreck Carl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examined the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) retrievals of surface wind speeds and enthalpy fluxes in African easterly waves that led to the formation of 30 Atlantic tropical cyclones during 2018–2021. Lag composites show a cyclonic proto‐vortex as early as 3 days prior to tropical cyclogenesis. The enthalpy flux distribution does not vary substantially before cyclogenesis, but subsequently, there is a marked increase in the extreme upper values. In the composites, a negative radial gradient of enthalpy fluxes becomes apparent 2–3 days before cyclogenesis. These results—based on novel data blending satellite retrievals and global reanalysis—support the findings from recent studies that the spin‐up of tropical cyclones is associated with a shift of peak convection toward the vortex core and an inward increase of enthalpy fluxes.
Capillary Impact on Tidal Response of Groundwater in Unconfined Aquifers With Finite Thickness, Anisotropy and Wellbore Storage—An Analytical Model
Authors: Zhang Jiangwei , Liang Xiuyu , Wang Chi‐Yuen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study develops a novel, two‐dimensional analytical model to study capillary effects on Earth tidal responses of groundwater in unconfined aquifers. It differs from the previous model by accounting for effects of finite aquifer thickness, anisotropy and wellbore storage. We test the present model against the previous model and numerical simulations and apply it to the field data. Several significant results are obtained: (a) At high conductivity ( m/s), the effect of capillary zones dominates tidal responses of groundwater and causes higher amplitude ratio and smaller phase shift compared with that predicted by the unconfined aquifer model without a capillary zone. At low conductivity ( m/s), the effect of capillary zones on the tidal responses diminishes. (b) The impact of the finite thickness on the tidal response is regulated by the anisotropy. If the anisotropic ratio is small (), the impact of thickness may be negligible; at high anisotropic ratio (), however, the amplitude ratio decreases and the phase shift increases, and the response differs substantially from that of the previous model, which is caused by a change in the flow pattern. (c) Wellbore storage have significant impacts on the tidal response at low conductivity ( 10−5 m/s) but negligible impact at higher conductivity. (d) The present model marginally improved the fit by the half‐space model to the field data from a well in SW China, showing that the remaining misfit to the field data by models with capillarity cannot be due to finite aquifer thickness, anisotropy, or wellbore storage.