bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comisiones de la verdad, educación y paz positiva: un análisis de los informes finales de las comisiones de la verdad (1980–2015)
Authors: Paulson Julia , Bellino Michelle J. 
Published: January 2025

El texto traducido es el manuscrito aceptado de un artículo publicado por Taylor &amp; Francis en Comparative Education en 2017, disponible en línea: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1334428
Para citar el artículo original: Julia Paulson &amp; Michelle J. Bellino (2017) Truth Commissions, Education, and Positive Peace: An Analysis of Truth Commission Final Reports (1980–2015), Comparative Education, 53:3, 351–378,DOI: 10.1080/03050068.2017.1334428
Aunque la justicia y la educación transicional ocupan un espacio cada vez más importante en la agenda internacional de esfuerzos para la consolidación de la paz, quedan por esclarecer las maneras en que la justicia y la educación podrían reforzarse mutuamente a fin de contribuir a la paz. Este artículo presenta un análisis transnacional de informes de comisiones de la verdad publicados entre 1980 y 2015, y explora la labor educativa de una de las formas más visibles de justicia transicional. Descubrimos que las intervenciones en el ámbito educativo por parte de las comisiones de la verdad van en aumento y que, asimismo, estas incorporan a su labor la tarea de “decir la verdad sobre la educación”. Sin embargo, al intervenir en la educación, las comisiones de la verdad tienden a recomendar reformas enfocadas exclusivamente en el futuro, como por ejemplo la enseñanza descontextualizada sobre los derechos humanos y la paz. Argumentamos que, al rehusarse a utilizar su labor retrospectiva en pos de la verdad y a fin de impulsar la transformación en el sector educativo, las comisiones de la verdad limitan sus posibles contribuciones en apoyo a la paz positiva.
Known Reliability with Improved Efficiency - The Next Generation Ni/Pd/Au Finish
Authors: Schafsteller Britta 
Published: January 2025

The layer combination Ni/Pd/Au, also named as ENEPIG (Electroless Nickel, Electroless Palladium, Immersion Gold) is a well-established final finish for high performance and high solder joint reliability in packaging applications. The coating properties are thereby defined by the type of electrolytes which are used for the plating. A specific focus lies on the palladium and gold deposit which play a major role in regards to the final finish reliability. In particular if high thickness of palladium and gold are required, the use of a pure palladium deposit and a gold electrolyte with a partial autocatalytic reaction is highly recommended. The pure palladium plating process as well as the mixed reaction gold plating process are both available in the market for several years already and have found their way into the packaging industry. In this paper a comparison of the different electrolytes for Ni/Pd/Au plating will be given and the performance in regards to solder joint reliability, IMC formation and bonding behavior will be judged. Two new processes for pure palladium plating and mixed reaction gold plating are introduced and compared to the processes which are present in the market. The new processes offer benefits in the efficiency of the plating process, allow to save cost by the reduced precious metal content and provide highest reliability for final finishes in the packaging industry. Data for different plating conditions are presented and the impact of the different conditions such as thickness variation or aging are shown and discussed. With the new types of palladium- and gold- plating electrolytes a new generation of Ni/Pd/Au process can be introduced, which allows the combination of high process robustness, reduced precious metal cost and high final finish reliability in packaging applications.
Improving Seed Layer Adhesion and Reliability through RIE Pre-treatment
Authors: Elghazzali Mohamed , Rettenmeier Roland 
Published: January 2025

To cope with requirements of the next generation medical devices and implanted electronics, feature densities, substrate thicknesses and substrate materials are pushing boundaries of the state of the art. Process and application teams from Evatec and GS Swiss PCB collaborated over the past two years to develop a robust manufacturing solution for sputtered seed layers and the subsequent processes (resist lamination, electro-plating, etc.) on ultra-thin substrates (down to 12µm thin). The main focus was to maximize the adhesion for the deposited titanium/copper seed layer in combination with the subsequent processes, all under the very demanding reliability requirements from GS Swiss PCB and their customer (reflow, HAST, peel tests, etc.). Evatec’s outgassing method and surface-treatment technology, RIE (Reactive Ion Etching), Ar-sputter Etching and sputtering capability is the established POR for Panel Level Fan-Out. The Evatec and GS Swiss PCB teams worked together to solve the below mentioned challenges: • What are the best polymer materials capable of fulfilling customer’s performance specifications? • How could these thin foils be handled safely for the complete process flow without additional cost for changing the existing fabrication systems? • What plasma surface treatment/cleaning is necessary to create the best interface to the subsequent adhesion layers? • How to optimize thermal management, surface treatment, deposition process for the best adhesion promoter and reliable seed layer? • How to integrate this new process into the existing IC-substrate manufacturing? This joint JDP lead to outstanding results and demonstrated that varying pretreatment and process conditions had a big impact on the adhesion results. Equally important however, was the optimization of the overall process along pre-treatment, metal film deposition and managing to handle the very thin and flexible substrates.
An Instrumented Getter for Hermetically Sealed Packages
Authors: Dean Robert N. , Previti Michael 
Published: January 2025

For decades, getters have been used in vacuum sealed hermetic packaging of electronic devices to maintain high vacuum for extended periods of time. Getters work by chemically binding certain gas molecules to them as they leak into the package over time. Typically, getters are activated by exposure to high temperatures after the hermetic package has been sealed in a high vacuum chamber. The problem with using a getter is that it is assumed that the hermetic package is properly sealed and the getter binds small numbers of gas molecules that leak into the package over a long period of time. If that is not the case, the getter will eventually saturate and cease from trapping additional gas molecules that leak into the package. At this point, the pressure begins to rise inside the package. Since this is an open loop process, this problem only becomes apparent when the electronic part fails. If the getter could be instrumented, then it could be monitored to determine its operating state and the hermetic condition of the package. Recently, Alpha Advanced Materials introduced the Staydry® Hicap™ 2000 getter material, which can absorb H20 and CO2 molecules. The Hicap 2000 getter material can be deposited by stencil printing, and is cured at relatively low temperatures, 150oC to 200oC. It activates upon curing. This getter material absorbs moisture by converting calcium oxide to calcium hydroxide. Calcium oxide has a dielectric constant of approximately 11.8, while calcium hydroxide has a dielectric constant between 1.8 and 3.5. Therefore, the dielectric constant of the getter material drops between 70% and 85% as it saturates with absorbed moisture. Exploiting this electrochemical property, the Hicap 2000 getter material was deposited on top of a miniaturized interdigitated electrode fringing field capacitor structure to realize an instrumented getter that decreases in capacitance as moisture is absorbed. Prototype instrumented getter units were fabricated and tested to demonstrate their functionality. Power is only required to occasionally measure the capacitance of the device. Instrumented getters will allow the status of the getter protected hermetic packages to be monitored to determine the operating condition of the getter and the quality of the vacuum environment inside the package. By using instrumented getters, the reliability of high vacuum packaged electronic and MEMS devices will by significantly improved. This is particularly important for high risk applications such as medical electronics, aircraft, military systems, next generation wireless communication systems, and autonomous vehicles.
Die Backside Metallization for Low Cost High Thermal Package
Authors: Islam Nokibul 
Published: January 2025

Advanced semiconductor packaging requirements for higher and faster performance in a thinner and smaller form factor with significantly higher thermal dissipation continue to be the driver for mining and artificial intelligence (AI)/high performance computing (HPC) applications. While the increase in device performance or input/output (I/O) density is driven by the famous “Moore’s Law,” the packaging industry is experiencing opposing trends for more complex packaging solutions with the expected cost targets moving downward. Packaging technology has become more challenging and complicated than ever before driven by advanced silicon (Si) nodes, finer bump pitches, as well as finer line width and spacing substrate manufacturing capabilities to satisfy the increasing requirements in the semiconductor industry. As increasing I/O counts and high thermal performance are needed in computing, and AI/HPC devices, packaging solutions are migrating from traditional, QFN or FLGA to flip chip CSP (fcCSP) and high end flip chip BGA (fcBGA) with a metallic lid to dissipate heat. For very high pin count AI/HPC, the solution will eventually go to 2.5D with memory integration where packaging cost is not the primary concern. For low to medium end computing applications, removing the heat from the die backside without adding much packaging cost is a major challenge. Typical thermal die power for low to medium end thin flip chip CSP packages is a few watts. There are various ways to mitigate the thermal concern for fcCSP packages such as exposing the die backside, high conductive mold compound, adding a metal lid to the die backside, thicker metal layers in the substrate, die backside metallization, etc. Adding extra packaging cost for small to medium thermal improvement cannot be justified for a cost sensitive market. In this study various ways of improving thermal performance of a fcCSP package are investigated and die backside metallization was finally selected as the optimum solution for low to medium die power packages. A thorough thermal simulation DOE was conducted to justify the backside metallization concept. This backside metallization process has been integrated into high volume assembly line. Various material and processes are considered to successfully qualify the package. The detailed assembly process along with mechanical reliability data are published in the paper.
Effect of HDF on obestatin level as a marker of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Abd Elmohsen Waleed A. , Youssef Asmaa M. , Hassan Mohamed S. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Obestatin is a proposed anorexigenic gut peptide, known as appetite regulatory hormone. We postulated a potential correlation between obestatin level and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Measurement of obestatin concentration in HD patients would help to evaluate the possible participation of this hormone in protein energy wasting in maintenance HD patients. The objective of this study is to assay the effect of hemodiafiltration (HDF) on serum obestatin level in prevalent HD patients.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 prevalent HD patients: (20 patients maintained on high-flux HD) and (20 patients maintained on online HDF), 20 healthy individuals served as controls. Full history in detail was taken and a full clinical examination was done, with malnutrition-inflammation score calculation. Routine laboratory analysis was performed also, with evaluation of serum obestatin level pre and post session by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
BMI was statistically significantly lower in HD and HDF groups compared with the control group (P= 0.002). Obestatin level was significantly higher predialysis in HD and HDF groups in comparison to the control group (P value < 0.000), with a higher obestatin reduction ratio post sessions in HDF group than HD group. (P value < 0.001). Obestatin concentration negatively correlated with weight, height, BMI, low-density lipoprotein, and S iron (P value < 0.05), while positively correlated with creatinine, urea, uric acid, and C-reactive protein (P value < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that serum obestatin was independently affected by serum low-density lipoprotein level.

Conclusion
The current observational data suggests that obestatin hormone was elevated in prevalent HD patients (high-flux HD group and online HDF group) than control group, this hormone might be a marker of inflammation and dyslipidemia. Obestatin removal was better by online HDF than high flux HD.
Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on short-term heart rate variability among hemodialysis patients
Authors: Abdulaziz Hoda M.M. , Saleh Marwa A. , Hatata Ahmad E. , Abdelaziz Hanaa M.M. 
Published: January 2025

Background
In the general population, prior research has demonstrated the positive effects of fasting on the heart, where it is linked to a reduction in the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Although hemodialysis (HD) patients are considered very high risk, some patients are highly motivated and insist on fasting. Limited data exists on the effect of Ramadan fasting on heart rate variability (HRV) a measure of cardiac autonomic function among maintenance HD patients.

Patients and methods
An observational longitudinal study of Ramadan fasting patients on maintenance HD. All participants underwent a 5 min Holter ECG recording at the end of the HD session during Ramadan 29 and 30, then another 5 min Holter ECG recording two months after Ramadan. Time and frequency domain HRV indices were analyzed.

Results
Among 95 HD patients assessed for eligibility, 53 practiced Ramadan fasting either daily or intermittently. Forty-seven patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent 5 min Holter ECG recordings twice. The mean age of participants was 47.77 years (±13.78) and 59.6% were males. Patients did not differ significantly about heart rate, frequency, and time domain measures (P>0.05) during and two months after Ramadan.

Conclusion
Practicing Ramadan intermittent fasting does not impose a substantial risk to the cardiac autonomic nervous system function among maintenance HD patients, further research is required to confirm these findings.
Elevated uric acid predicts increased coronary artery calcification risk in advanced chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gad Donia E. , Saleh Marwa , Sally Samir , Sayed-Ahmed Nagy 
Published: January 2025

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with vascular calcifications being a key predictor. Elevated serum uric acid (UA) has been implicated in vascular health, but its link with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in CKD is underexplored. This study evaluates the association between serum UA levels and CAC in predialysis CKD patients.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study at Mansoura University, Egypt, included 100 predialysis CKD patients aged over 40 years with more than 1 year of disease. Exclusion criteria included significant cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, heavy smoking, or high parathyroid hormone levels. Serum UA and other biomarkers were measured, and CAC was assessed using multislice spiral coronary computed tomography to calculate Agatston scores.

Results
The median age was significantly higher in the CAC>0 group (62 years) compared to the CAC=0 group (55 years; P=0.017). Serum UA levels showed a borderline significant association with CAC in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.61, P=0.051), but no significant association was found in those with moderate kidney impairment (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2).

Conclusion
Elevated serum UA levels are associated with an increased risk of CAC in CKD patients, particularly in those with severe renal impairment (eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2). This suggests that serum UA may contribute to this population’s pathogenesis of vascular calcification.
N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in hepatitis c virus maintenance hemodialysis patients and its relation to diastolic dysfunction and child pugh score
Authors: Zaki Sherif A. , Labib Amr W. , Hussien Amr K. , Elwany Mostafa N. , Elghoneimy Hesham A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are worldwide public health problems with increasing incidence and prevalence. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with ESRD. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide health problem. The prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis (HD) patients is generally much higher than that among the general population.
This study aimed to compare serum levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) and its relation to diastolic dysfunction and Child–Pugh in HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients on HD.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 60 ESRD patients; group A, 30 HCV-positive patients on HD, and group B, 30 HCV-negative patients on HD. Routine laboratory investigations, serum NT-ProBNP, and echocardiography were done for all patients.

Results
HCV-positive patients had a substantially higher median serum level of NT-ProBNP (3424.5 vs. 2807 pg/ml; P=0.031, respectively) than HCV-negative patients. The level of NT-ProBNP and diastolic dysfunction showed a strong positive correlation (P<0.001). The level of NT-ProBNP and the HCV RNA PCR level showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.001), and the level of NT-ProBNP increased significantly as the Child–Pugh score increased (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Compared to HCV-negative patients, HCV-positive dialysis patients exhibited more diastolic dysfunction and higher levels of NT-ProBNP. Additionally, HCV patients with Child–Pugh C had higher levels of NT-ProBNP than Child B and A patients, respectively.
Advancing Pediatric Surgery with Indocyanine Green: Nonhepatobiliary Applications and Outcomes
Authors: Menon Revathy , Jayakumar T. K. , Nayak Shubhalaxmi , Saxena Rahul , Jadhav Avinash S , Rathod Kirtikumar J. , Pathak Manish , Sinha Arvind 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This prospective single-center study aimed to evaluate the nonhepatobiliary applications of indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery (ICG FGS) in pediatric patients, assessing its utility as an adjunct for intraoperative imaging.

Materials and Methods:
Over a 30-month period from January 2021 to July 2023, pediatric patients undergoing various surgical procedures, excluding hepatobiliary cases, were included in the study. ICG (Aurogreen™) was administered intravenously or directly injected in tissue, and fluorescence imaging was conducted using specialized equipment (KARL STORZ GmbH and Co. KG). Patient demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, ICG protocols, intraoperative findings, and perioperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
The study included seventeen pediatric cases including Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformations, undescended testes, varicocele, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kustner-Hauser syndrome, ovarian torsion, chylous ascites, chylothorax, and Wilms’ tumor. ICG aided in the real-time assessment of vascular, intestinal perfusion in Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformations, delineation of lymphatics from vessels in varicocele, confirmation of preserved vascularity after detorsion of ovary, identification of lymphatics for ligation in chylothorax, and chylous ascites. ICG thus aided in precise dissection and confirming tissue viability without reported adverse events.

Conclusion:
ICG FGS demonstrates significant potential as a tool for enhancing surgical outcomes in pediatric surgeries including indications beyond hepatobiliary cases. The findings suggest that ICG FGS can improve surgical precision by providing real-time assessment of tissue perfusion, and lymphatic mapping, thereby potentially reducing intraoperative complications. Further research and prospective studies are essential to validate its efficacy and establish standardized protocols, aiming to integrate ICG FGS as a routine adjunct in pediatric surgical practice.
A characterization of the existence of zeros for operators with Lipschitzian derivative and closed range
Authors: Ricceri Biagio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let H be a real Hilbert space and

$\Phi :H\to H$

be a

$C^1$

operator with Lipschitzian derivative and closed range. We prove that

$\Phi ^{-1}(0)\neq \emptyset $

if and only if, for each

$\epsilon>0$

, there exist a convex set

$X\subset H$

and a convex function

$\psi :X\to \mathbf {R}$

such that

$\sup _{x\in X}(\|x\|^2+\psi (x))-\inf _{x\in X}(\|x\|^2+\psi (x))<\epsilon $

and

$0\in \overline {{\mathrm {conv}}}(\Phi (X))$

.
Pengaruh Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kejadian Acne Vulgaris Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Yarsi Angkatan 2023
Authors: Syahriza Rafi , Zakiyah  , Syam Edward 
Published: January 2025

Acne Vulgaris merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis yang umumnya ditemukan di area dengan kelenjar sebaceous yang cenderung menghasilkan bekas luka yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup, salah satu tantangan dalam kesehatan di Indonesia adalah jumlah perokok yang merupakan terbanyak di Asia Tenggara. Rokok menyebarkan paparan berbagai zat kimia, termasuk spesies oksigen reaktif, karbon monoksida, nitrogen reaktif, dan aldehida elektrofilik. Paparan karbon monoksida dapat mengurangi kadar oksigen dalam darah dan merusak sirkulasi darah ke seluruh tubuh, termasuk kulit. Kurangnya oksigenasi kulit dapat menghambat proses regenerasi sel kulit, meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya peradangan, dan menyebabkan kondisi acne vulgaris. Untuk mengetahui hubungan merokok dengan peningkatan prevalensi acne vulgaris. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan observasional analitik dan rancangan cross sectional. Penetapan sampel menggunakan Teknik purposive random sampling dan jumlah total sampel sebanyak 84 mahasiswa. Data yang diperoleh merupakan data primer dari kuesioner. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat uji fisher exact. Penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan signifikan pada jumlah rokok yang digunakan dengan nilai <0,001 (p>0,05), sementara tidak terdapat adanya hubungan antara lama merokok dengan angka kejadian acne vulgaris dengan nilai 0,288 (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara jumlah rokok yang digunakan dengan acne vulgaris. Namun tidak terdapat hubungan dengan lama merokok.