Aspects of the rehabilitation of the reproductive function of women after urgent gynecological surgery
Authors: Dyakunchak Yu.R. 
Published: February 2023

The objective: to assess the hormonal homeostasis and ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age after urgent gynecological operations due to the symptom complex of “acute abdomen”.Materials and methods. The studied cohort included 90 women 19–40 years old. The main group included 60 women after emergency surgery for ectopic pregnancy (23 patients), ovarian apoplexy (18 patients), complicated ovarian tumor (19 patients), and at the rehabilitation stage they refused to receive the proposed hormonal therapy; control group – 30 women of reproductive age without somatic and gynecological pathology. A complex study of the reproductive system was carried out: ultrasound (transvaginal) examination of the pelvic organs with the calculation of the number of antral follicles, determination of the levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free testosterone index, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and 25(OH)D level in blood serum. The examinations were carried out 3 and 6 months after surgery. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Microsoft Excel 7.0 and “Statistica 6.0” standard programs.Results. The average age of the patients was 26.4±3.5 years. Before the current surgical intervention, 21 % of patients in the main group were diagnosed premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian tumors. In the postoperative period, the most often menstrual cycle (MC) disorder was an increase in its duration (56.7 % of patients). 63.3 % of patients after urgent gynecological operations had normogonadotropic dysfunction of the ovaries, which is characterized by anovulation, insufficiency of the luteal phase and the ovarian blood flow disorders. The restoration of normal two phases of MC after 6 months was found in 34.2 % of the patients who did not have the hormonal correction. In 18.3 % of patients with ovulatory MC, the insufficiency of the luteal phase is characterized by a decrease of progesterone concentration in the blood serum on the 18–20th day of MC and a disperancy in the endometrium structure. Transient hyperprolactinemia was found in 15.0 % of patients. The surgical injury of the ovary in some patients leads to a decrease in the ovarian reserve. AMH indicators in 61.1 % of patients with the effect of surgical energies on the affected ovary were significantly reduced (0.67±0.4 ng/ml) compared to controls (2.1±0.3 ng/ml; p<0.01) until the 6th month after the operation. Similar dynamics were absent in patients operated on for a ruptured tubal pregnancy. The recovery of the two phases of MC during a six-month observation was established in only 47.4 % of patients with torsion of an ovarian tumor.As a result of the lack of complex rehabilitation therapy, the repeated operations due to the ruptured tubal pregnancy happened in 13.5 % of patients, recurrence of apoplexy and/or ovarian tumors – in 25.8 % of women.Conclusions. Acute gynecological pathology, which requires immediate surgery, occurs in 21 % of patients with the disorders of the reproductive system. In 63.3 % of women after urgent gynecological operations, normogonadotropic dysfunction of the ovaries was observed, which was characterized by anovulation, insufficiency of the luteal phase and ovarian blood flow disorders. The absence of rehabilitation complex therapy causes recurrence of acute gynecological pathology in 13.5–25.8 % of operated women.