bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-Chronic Safety Assessment on the Use of Solanum aethiopicum (L.) Leaf Extract as Blood Booster in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ibezute Albert C. , Dannon Adewale S. 
Published: May 2023

Aim: The effect of Solanum aethiopicum (SA) on the haematological indices of Wistar rats was investigated in this study.
Methodology: A total of 20 male Wistar rats with an average 172.45±0.15 g were distributed into four groups (A – D) and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Group A served as the control, while groups B, C, and D were given aqueous extracts of SA at doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg per body weight, respectively, every 48 hours for 30 days. After the exposure period, a final evaluation and sacrifice of the rats was performed. Blood sample collection was carried for full blood count and blood film preparation.
Results: The result of this study showed that leaf extract of Solanum aethiopicum caused a significant increase in white blood cells (18.18±0.78 - 27.08±2.68 x 103/μl), especially lymphocytes (13.58±2.48 - 30.95±4.65 x 103/μl) in group of rats when compared to control. On the contrary, there was a non-significant reduction in red blood cells (7.78±0.04 - 7.19±0.45 x 106/μl), hemoglobin (16.92±0.62 - 14.55±0.95 g/dl), haematocrit (41.49±0.29 - 38.38±1.68 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.71±0.91 - 20.30±0.10 ρg) when compared to the control. Platelet (451.25±87.25 - 724.75±249.25 x 103/μl) and Plateletcrit (0.36±0.07 - 0.50±0.17 %) was significantly higher in treated group, while mean platelet volume (8.21±0.31 - 6.98±0.07 μm3) and platelet distribution width (18.68±1.38 - 15.93±0.73 %) was low when compared with control.
Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that the leaves of Solanum aethiopicum may be safe to consume in regulated amount, as it has been shown to boost blood indices. These plant extracts may be utilized as a blood promoting potentials as it has been shown to strengthens the body's immune system particularly cell-mediated immunity, have no hemotoxic impact on the red blood cell and its indices and improve the ability for the body to repair itself as seen from the platelet count and its indices.
Studies on Some Physical and Chemical Characters on Diversity of Some Local Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) Genotypes
Authors: Patel Sujeet Kumar , Halder Agniva , Deb Prahlad 
Published: May 2023

The experiment was conducted by selecting 15 different jamun genotypes from Sriniketan and adjoining villages (viz. Andrews Pally, Rathindra Pally, Ballavpur, Bahadurpur Pashchim, Sonajhuri) and jamun fruits were brought to record their physical as well as bio-chemical character at laboratory of Department of Horticulture & post-harvest technology. Present study reveals a wide and significant variation in physical and bio-chemical characters of fruits has been observed among 15 different jamun genotypes. Among all genotypes G-14 was superior on the basis of fruit weight (3.16g), fruit diameter (17.46mm), and greater pulp content (2.34g) and average total sugar (16.26%) content. Owing to moderate fruit size (21.89mm in length and 15.64mm in diameter) G-4 genotype is also superior on the basis of higher TSS (25.90⁰B), total sugar (13.65%) and reducing sugar (8.23%). So, the overall findings of the present study conclude that genotypes G-14 and G-4 are superior over the 15 local jamun genotypes.
The Government's Policy in Encouraging the Global Competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs through the Digital Ecosystem
Authors: Haqqi Halifa 
Published: May 2023

Digital platforms or marketplaces are part of digital economy which is very developed in Indonesia. This digital economy can be an advantage for Indonesian MSMEs, as one of the potential economic driving actors. But in its development there are still many limitations. There are several problems that require political policy intervention, while these problems are rarely researched.
Aims: This research is conducted to analyze how the government’s policy in encouraging the global competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs through the digital ecosystem.
Methodology: This is a descriptive qualitative research, using library research methods. Data collected then described the situation or the phenomena in detail using descriptive analysis methods.
Results: To encouraging the global competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs, the government launched MSMEs go global and go digital through synergies between various main players to provide financing, coaching and markets. The government establishes policies that lead to increased technological progress, socioeconomic adjustments by utilizing geopolitics, and supports environmental changes that encourage MSMEs to adapt to the digital ecosystem.
Conclusion: The government as regulatory institutions need to ensure those providing digital ecosystem apply sufficient protection to the MSMEs growth. As the digital economy spreads around the world, it will be interesting to see how businesses adjust, adapt and adopt available digital tools to their daily activities. It is important about how the government policy of a nation respond this phenomena, while the whole economy becomes more digitally inter-connected going forward.
Trends in Opioid Misuse Among Individuals Aged 12 to 21 Years in the US
Authors: Warren Lauren Klein , Adams Joella , Bobashev Georgiy 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAlthough opioid misuse has been decreasing among US youths and adolescents in recent years, it is unclear what has contributed to this trend and how this trend differs by age group and sex over time.ObjectiveTo identify trends in opioid misuse among youths and young adults across and between ages, birth cohorts, and sexes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public-use files were used to produce nationally representative pseudocohorts. The survey population includes the civilian US population in the 50 states and Washington, DC. Individuals without a fixed address and institutionalized individuals were excluded. Respondents to the NSDUH are a population-based sample selected using a stratified cluster design. For the years (January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2019) and ages (12-21 years) analyzed, the sample sizes ranged from 1607 to 3239 respondents. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2022, to April 12, 2023, for the main outcome by age, sex, and pseudocohort.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRespondents were asked whether they misused prescription opioids or used heroin in the past year. The analysis hypotheses were formulated and tested after data collection.ResultsIn a total of 5 pseudocohorts, data from 114 412 respondents aged 12 to 21 years were analyzed; the unweighted distribution of male sex (complement was female) ranged from 47.7% to 52.6% (mean [SD], 50.6% [1.1%]). Response rates ranged from 45.8% to 71.3%. High school–aged youths and young adults had distinctly lower rates of opioid misuse in later pseudocohorts compared with earlier ones. Rates of misuse among individuals aged 16 years were 2.80% (95% CI, 1.06%-4.54%) higher in 2002 vs 2008; among those aged 18 years, rates were 4.36% (95% CI, 1.85%-6.87%) higher in 2002. Similarly, rates of misuse among individuals aged 16 years were 3.93% (95% CI, 2.15%-5.71%) higher in 2008 vs 2014; among those aged 17 years, rates were 3.41% (95% CI, 1.94%-4.88%) higher in 2008. Similar patterns were observed by sex. In earlier cohorts, younger female participants had higher rates of opioid misuse than their male counterparts and older male participants had higher rates than their female counterparts. Sex differences decreased in later cohorts.Conclusions and ResultsThe findings of this cross-sectional study of US youths and young adults suggest that high school–aged individuals consistently misused fewer opioids in later pseudocohorts overall and by sex. Sex differences in opioid rates also diminished in later pseudocohorts. A decrease in drug availability and general exposure to the harms of opioid use could be contributing to these findings. Future planned research using this pseudocohort approach will examine polysubstance use and evaluate how substance use differs by other sociodemographic characteristics.
Systemic Adverse Events Among Patients With Diabetes Treated With Intravitreal Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections
Authors: Zafar Sidra , Walder Annette , Virani Salim , Biggerstaff Kristin , Orengo-Nania Silvia , Chang Jonathan , Channa Roomasa 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceAnti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are currently the mainstay of treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Although effective, data on their systemic safety remains inconclusive, particularly in high-risk patient groups.ObjectiveTo explore the systemic safety of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents among patients with diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal population-based analysis of the Corporate Data Warehouse, a large-scale database of patients within the US Veteran Health Affairs. All patients 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes who were seen at any Veterans Affairs health care facility in the US between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, were identified. Data were then extracted on incident systemic adverse events among this patient cohort from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. All individuals with diabetes who did and did not receive anti-VEGF injections were included. Patients with a history of prior systemic adverse events and those who received an intravitreal injection between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, were excluded. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to March 2023.ExposureAnti-VEGF injection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of patients with any incident systemic adverse event, acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, or kidney disease at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up.ResultsA total of 1 731 782 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [12.3] years; 1 656 589 [95.7%] male) with type 2 diabetes were included. DR was present in 476 013 (27.5%), and 14 022 (0.8%) received anti-VEGF injections. Of the total number of patients with type 2 diabetes, 321 940 (18.6%) developed systemic adverse events between 2013 and 2017. The 5-year cumulative incidence of any systemic adverse event was 37.0% (5187/14 022) in the injection group vs 18.4% (316 753/1 717 760) in the noninjection group (P &amp;lt; .001). Anti-VEGF injections were independently associated with a higher likelihood of developing any systemic adverse event (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7-1.9) when controlling for age, race, sex, ethnicity, tobacco use, severity of DR, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean hemoglobin A1c, total number of injections, and statin use.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this study, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were independently associated with a higher likelihood of systemic adverse events among patients with diabetes.
Novel loci for Alzheimer's disease identified by a genome‐wide association study in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Li Donghe , Farrell John J. , Mez Jesse , Martin Eden R. , Bush William S. , Ruiz Agustin , Boada Mercè , de Rojas Itziar , Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L. , Vance Margaret A. Pericak , Wang Li‐San , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Farrer Lindsay A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMost Alzheimer's disease (AD) loci have been discovered in individuals with European ancestry (EA).METHODSWe applied principal component analysis using Gaussian mixture models and an Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) reference genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data set to identify Ashkenazi Jews ascertained in GWAS (n = 42,682), whole genome sequencing (WGS, n = 16,815), and whole exome sequencing (WES, n = 20,504) data sets. The association of AD was tested genome wide (GW) in the GWAS and WGS data sets and exome wide (EW) in all three data sets (EW). Gene‐based analyses were performed using aggregated rare variants.RESULTSIn addition to apolipoprotein E (APOE), GW analyses (1355 cases and 1661 controls) revealed associations with TREM2 R47H (p = 9.66 × 10−9), rs541586606 near RAB3B (p = 5.01 × 10−8), and rs760573036 between SPOCK3 and ANXA10 (p = 6.32 × 10−8). In EW analyses (1504 cases and 2047 controls), study‐wide significant association was observed with rs1003710 near SMAP2 (p = 1.91 × 10−7). A significant gene‐based association was identified with GIPR (p = 7.34 × 10−7).DISCUSSIONOur results highlight the efficacy of founder populations for AD genetic studies.
A General Organophotoredox Strategy to Difluoroalkyl Bicycloalkane (CF2‐BCA) Hybrid Bioisosteres**
Authors: Cuadros Sara , Goti Giulio , Barison Giorgia , Raulli Alfredo , Bortolato Tommaso , Pelosi Giorgio , Costa Paolo , Dell'Amico Luca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHere, we report a general approach to the synthesis of the difluoroalkyl bicycloalkanes (CF2‐BCAs), as structural surrogates of aryl ketones and ethers. The chemistry is driven by a dihydrobenzoacridine photocatalyst, that engages in a catalytic electron‐donor acceptor (EDA) complex, or directly reduces the fluorinated substrate. These two convergent manifolds lead to the generation of the R‐CF2 radical, that reacts with the [1.1.1]‐ or [3.1.1.]‐propellane. The method is extremely general, and extendable to complex bioactive molecules (30 examples, up to 87 % yield). The structural features of the CF2‐BCP hybrid bioisostere were investigated by single crystal X‐ray. Finally, we synthesised a CF2‐BCP analogue of a Leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, replacing the original aryl ether motif. In silico docking studies indicated that this new analogue maintains the same arrangement within the enzyme pocket, profiling the use of the CF2‐BCA hybrid bioisostere in medicinal chemistry settings.
Bioinspired Design of a Giant [Mn86] Nanocage‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with Specific CO2 Binding Pockets for Highly Selective CO2 Separation
Authors: Geng Shubo , Xu Hang , Cao Chun‐Shuai , Pham Tony , Zhao Bin , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdsorption‐based removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures has demonstrated great potential for solving energy security and environmental sustainability challenges. However, due to similar physicochemical properties between CO2 and other gases as well as the co‐adsorption behavior, the selectivity of CO2 is severely limited in currently reported CO2‐selective sorbents. To address the challenge, we create a bioinspired design strategy and report a robust, microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) with unprecedented [Mn86] nanocages. Attributed to the existence of unique enzyme‐like confined pockets, strong coordination interactions and dipole‐dipole interactions are generated for CO2 molecules, resulting in only CO2 molecules fitting in the pocket while other gas molecules are prohibited. Thus, this MOF can selectively remove CO2 from various gas mixtures and show record‐high selectivities of CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 mixtures. Highly efficient CO2/C2H2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 separations are achieved, as verified by experimental breakthrough tests. This work paves a new avenue for the fabrication of adsorbents with high CO2 selectivity and provides important guidance for designing highly effective adsorbents for gas separation.
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks Towards Spintronics
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Su Xi , Chen Jian , Jin Chao , Chen Long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic properties of predesignable topologies and tunable electronic structures, coupled with the increase of electrical conductivity, make two‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) highly prospective candidates for next‐generation electronic/spintronic devices. In this Minireview, we present an outline of the design principles of 2D MOF‐based spintronics materials. Then, we highlight the spin‐transport properties of 2D MOF‐based organic spin valves (OSVs) as a notable achievement in the progress of 2D MOFs for spintronics devices. After that, we discuss the potential for spin manipulation in 2D MOFs with bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) properties as a promising field for future research. Finally, we provide a brief summary and outlook to encourage the development of novel 2D MOFs for spintronics applications.
A Proximity‐Induced Fluorogenic Reaction Triggered by Antibody–Antigen Interactions with Adjacent Epitopes
Authors: Nishiyama Kentaro , Akiba Hiroki , Nagata Satoshi , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kamada Haruhiko , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProximity‐induced chemical reactions are site‐specific and rapid by taking advantage of their high affinity and highly selective interactions with the template. However, reactions induced solely by antibody–antigen interactions have not been developed. Herein, we propose a biepitopic antigen‐templated chemical reaction (BATER) as a novel template reaction. In BATER, reactive functional groups are conjugated to two antibodies that interact with two epitopes of the same antigen to accelerate the reaction. We developed a method for visualizing the progress of BATER using fluorogenic click chemistry for optimal antibody selection and linker design. The reaction is accelerated in the presence of a specific antigen in a linker length‐dependent manner. The choice of the antibody epitope is important for a rapid reaction. This design will lead to various applications of BATER in living systems.
The anatomical basis of amphibious hearing in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Young Bruce A. , Cramberg Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe different velocities of sound (pressure waves) in air and water make auditory source localization a challenge for amphibious animals. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) has an extracolumellar cartilage that abuts the deep surface of the tympanic membrane, and then expands in size beyond the caudal margin of the tympanum. This extracolumellar expansion is the insertion site for two antagonistic skeletal muscles, the tensor tympani, and the depressor tympani. These muscles function to modulate the tension in the tympanic membrane, presumably as part of the well‐developed submergence reflex of Alligator. All crocodilians, including Alligator, have internally coupled ears in which paratympanic sinuses connect the contralateral middle ear cavities. The temporal performance of internally coupled ears is determined, in part, by the tension of the tympanic membrane. Switching between a “tensed” and “relaxed” tympanic membrane may allow Alligator to compensate for the increased velocity of sound underwater and, in this way, use a single auditory map for sound localization in two very different physical environments.
Comparative Risks of Infection With Belimumab Versus Oral Immunosuppressants in Patients With Nonrenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Materne Emma , Choi Hyon , Zhou Baijun , Costenbader Karen H. , Zhang Yuqing , Jorge April 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWe investigated the comparative risk of infection with belimumab versus oral immunosuppressants for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsUsing observational data from a US multicenter electronic health record database, we identified patients with SLE but without lupus nephritis who initiated belimumab, azathioprine, methotrexate, or mycophenolate between 2011 and 2021. We designed and emulated hypothetical target trials to estimate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of serious infection and hospitalization for serious infection comparing belimumab versus each oral immunosuppressant. We used propensity score overlap weighting to balance baseline covariates and adjusted for adherence to treatment group using inverse probability of treatment weighting. We also assessed the control outcome of traumatic injury.ResultsAmong 21,481 patients, we compared 2841 and 6343 initiators of belimumab and azathioprine, 2642 and 8242 initiators of belimumab and methotrexate, and 2813 and 8407 initiators of belimumab and mycophenolate, respectively. After propensity score overlap weighting, all covariates were balanced in each comparison. The mean age of the cohort was 45 years, and 94% were women. Compared with azathioprine and mycophenolate, belimumab was associated with lower risks of both serious infection (HR 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.92 and HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61–0.78) and hospitalization for infection (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57–0.94 and HR 0.56 95% CI 0.43–0.71). The risk of infection was also lower for belimumab compared with methotrexate (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97). There were no differences in traumatic injury risks across treatment groups.ConclusionBelimumab was associated with lower risks of serious infection than with oral immunosuppressants. This finding should inform risk/benefit considerations for SLE treatment.image
Research into bioluminescence of the Black Sea ctenophores Pleurobrachia pileus O.F. Müller, 1776
Authors: Melnik Alexandr , Silakov Mikhail , Mashukova Olga , Melnik Lidia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe work presents the findings of the laboratory and in situ studies of ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus O.F. Müller, 1776 which have shown that this species has bioluminescent properties. These organisms were considered non‐luminous before. P. pileus bioluminescence was studied on board RV Professor Vodyanitsky during its 116th voyage. Sampling live organisms was preceded by probing with the Salpa MA+ probe to register the daily maximum glow in redoxcline, which in this zone was recorded, as a rule, in the depth range of 60–70 m, where dense clusters of P. pileus were formed at that time. The samples of ctenophores were taken by a Bogorov–Rass plankton net. After the net was closed, it was lifted to the surface at a speed of 0.4–0.5 m s−1. It was shown that only at a temperature not exceeding 14°C, the P. pileus remained alive for 2–3 days. The data provided indicate that the temperature above 14°C is close to the maximum permissible for P. pileus; therefore, chemical and mechanical stimulation experiments were carried out at this temperature (14°C) to agitate ctenophores luminescence. Though, the nature of their signal was significantly different. The total percentage of luminous organisms from the entire catch was 32.43%, which unequivocally proves that P. pileus glows and makes a significant contribution to the intensity of the glow at great depths in redoxcline.
Genetically Encoded Crosslinking Enables Identification of Multivalent Ubiquitin‐Deubiquitylating Enzyme Interactions
Authors: Patel Rishi , Negrón Terón Kristos , Zhou Mowei , Nakayasu Ernesto , Drown Bryon , Das Chittaranjan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUbiquitin (Ub) proteoforms control nearly every aspect of eukaryotic cell biology through their diversity. Inspired by the widely used Ub C‐terminal electrophiles (Ub−E), here we report the identification of multivalent binding of Ub with deubiquitylating enzymes (Dubs) using genetic code expansion (GCE) and crosslinking mass spectrometry. While the Ub−Es only gather structural information with the S1 Dub sites, we demonstrate that GCE of Ub with p‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine enables identification of interaction modes beyond the S1 site with a panel of Dubs of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin. Collectively, this represents the next generation of Ub‐based affinity probes with a unique ability to unravel Ub interaction landscapes beyond what is afforded by cysteine‐based chemistries.