bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the universal positive behavioral interventions and supports on collective teacher efficacy
Authors: Michael Demos , Goutas Theodoros , Tsigilis Nikolaos , Michaelidou Victoria , Gregoriadis Athanasios , Charalambous Vicky , Vrasidas Charalambos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a rich literature about the benefits of the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) for schools. However, evidence on teacher‐related outcomes is relatively limited. The current study examines the effect of the PBIS Tier 1 implementation on collective teacher efficacy (CTE). Participants were 530 teachers from 60 primary schools in Cyprus and Greece, who completed the Collective Teacher Efficacy Belief Scale (CTEBS) before and after a 1‐year PBIS implementation. The Greek language version of the instrument was tested and validated. Results were in line with the original two‐dimensional structure of instructional strategies and behavioral management, with adequate internal consistency (ω = 0.89 and ω = 0.87, respectively). Multilevel analyses showed that premeasurement and Tier 1 implementation fidelity along with selected teachers’ demographic characteristics accounted for a considerable amount of variance of CTE's both dimensions (30.84% and 25.43% for instructional strategies and behavioral management, respectively). The results suggest that PBIS Tier 1 training and subsequent implementation contributes to teachers’ collective belief that they can provide quality teaching opportunities and manage unexpected behaviors as a team. Schools are encouraged to consider the application of whole‐school approaches for improvement and actively engage all school staff in their efforts. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
Study on the cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether initiated by dual active species based on [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and its mechanism
Authors: Zhao Chenqi , Yan Penghua , Liu Ruofan , Li Wei , Jin Yushun , shi Qisong , Wu Yibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of isobutene vinyl ether(IBVE) contains waters system was achieved by using triphenylmethylium tetrakis‐(pentafluorophenyl)borate [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], which overcame the harsh experimental requirements of traditional cationic polymerization. The influences of water content, solvent polarity, and reaction temperature on polymerization were studied. The end structure of the polymer was analyzed by 1H‐NMR. Combined with the effect of the proton trapping agent and triethylamine salt which can trap [H+], it was found that there was a reversible equilibrium between [Ph3C+] and [H+] active species during the polymerization process. The cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether were initiated by these two active species simultaneously. The controllable cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether was achieved by the addition of ethyl methyl carbonate and ethyl benzoate. Gaussian 09 W simulation confirms the polymerization mechanism.
Improving Entanglement Generation Using the Coherence of a Nonthermal Reservoir
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ming , Man Zhong‐Xiao , Xia Yun‐Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effect of environmental coherence on bipartite and tripartite quantum entanglements using quantum collision models is studied. In the collision model, an open quantum system of two qubits indirectly interacts with the reservoir via auxiliary qubits. The reservoir is modeled as a collection of initially uncorrelated qubits prepared in an identically nonthermal state. It is shown that the coherence of the nonthermal reservoir contributes to the generation and protection of entanglement. It is found that adding coherence to the initial state of the reservoir qubit can significantly enhance the steady‐state entanglement of the system, and the presence of coherence in the reservoir allows steady‐state entanglement to be obtained in a higher temperature region.
A portrait of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound training programs in Europe: Current practices and opportunities for improvement
Authors: de Campos Sara Teles , Arvanitakis Marianna , Devière Jacques 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and EUS are challenging procedures requiring a high level of expertise to provide effective and safe patient care. Thus, high‐quality training is needed to achieve competence. We aimed to evaluate the status of European ERCP/EUS training programs, to evaluate adherence to international recommendations, and to propose possible solutions for future improvements.MethodsA web‐based survey was developed and ERCP/EUS experts and trainees across Europe were invited to participate.ResultsForty‐one experts (out of 50; 82%) and 30 trainees (out of 70; 42.9%) from 18 countries answered the questionnaire. The training program application process is mainly driven by individual requests (87.8%). All surveyed departments offer combined ERCP/EUS training and the majority have adequate facilities and trainers. Although centers are high‐volume and provide long‐term fellowships, trainee hands‐on exposure is not very high (43% expect to do (or did) 100–150 ERCPs and 69% up to 150 EUSs). A formal curriculum is in place in 53.7% centers, including simulation‐training in 27.3%. Competence is assessed in 65.7% of centers, but validated tools are applied in only 33.3%.ConclusionsThis survey first provides an overview of ERCP/EUS training programs across Europe. It shows that there is adherence to international guidelines to a certain degree, but several gaps in the application process, use of simulators for training, training curriculum and assessment of performance have been recognized. Overcoming these shortcomings could serve as a basis for further improvement in ERCP/EUS training.
Dynamic response of a one‐dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal rod in the framework of fractional‐order thermoelasticity
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Yan‐Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on the fractional‐order thermoelastic theory, the dynamic response of a finite quasicrystal (QC) rod fixed at both ends and subjected to a moving heat source is analyzed. The governing equations of one‐dimensional (1D) hexagonal QC rod are derived. And then the numerical solution is obtained by using the Laplace transform and its numerical inversion. The effects of time; the velocity of heat source; and fractional‐order parameter on displacement, stress, and temperature of the QCs are discussed and compared with classical materials in this paper.
Detectors in weakly-coupled field theories
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Koloğlu Murat , Kravchuk Petr , Meltzer David , Simmons-Duffin David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We initiate a study of asymptotic detector operators in weakly-coupled field theories. These operators describe measurements that can be performed at future null infinity in a collider experiment. In a conformal theory they can be identified with light-ray operators, and thus have a direct relation to the spectrum of the theory. After a general discussion of the underlying physical picture, we show how infrared divergences of general detector operators can be renormalized in perturbation theory, and how they give rise to detector anomalous dimensions. We discuss in detail how this renormalization can be performed at the intersections of the Regge trajectories where non-trivial mixing occurs, which is related to the poles in anomalous dimensions at special values of spin. Finally, we discuss novel horizontal trajectories in scalar theories and show how they contribute to correlation functions. Our calculations are done in the example of ϕ4 theory in d = 4 − ϵ dimensions, but the methods are applicable more broadly. At the Wilson-Fisher fixed point our results include an explicit expression for the Pomeron light-ray operator at two loops, as well as a prediction for the value of the Regge intercept at five loops.
On the viability of a light scalar spectrum for 3-3-1 models
Authors: Cherchiglia A. L. , Peres O. L. G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work we study an effective version of the 3-3-1 model, in which the particle content is the same of the 2HDM. We show that the inherited structure from the SU(3)C ⊗ SU(3)L ⊗ U(1)X gauge group has a series of consequences, the most relevant one being the prediction of the masses of the neutral scalar to be of the order or lower than the mass of the charged scalar. Given current constraints from collider searches, B-physics, as well as theoretical constraints such as perturbativity of quartic couplings and stability of the scalar potential, we find that the new scalars cannot be lighter than 350 GeV.
One-loop inelastic amplitudes from tree-level elasticity in 2d
Authors: Polvara Davide 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the perturbative integrability of different quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions at one loop. Starting from massive bosonic Lagrangians with polynomial-like potentials and absence of inelastic processes at the tree level, we derive a formula reproducing one-loop inelastic amplitudes for arbitrary numbers of external legs. We show that any one-loop inelastic amplitude is equal to its tree-level version, in which the masses of particles and propagators are corrected by one-loop bubble diagrams. These amplitudes are nonzero in general and counterterms need to be added to the Lagrangian to restore the integrability at one loop. For the class of simply-laced affine Toda theories, we show that the necessary counterterms are obtained by scaling the potential with an overall multiplicative factor, proving in this way the one-loop integrability of these models. Even though we focus on bosonic theories with polynomial-like interactions, we expect that the on-shell techniques used in this paper to compute amplitudes can be applied to several other models.
Bi-η and bi-λ deformations of ℤ4 permutation supercosets
Authors: Hoare Ben , Levine Nat , Seibold Fiona K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Integrable string sigma models on AdS3 backgrounds with 16 supersymmetries have the distinguishing feature that their superisometry group is a direct product. As a result the deformation theory of these models is particularly rich since the two supergroups in the product can be deformed independently. We construct bi-η and bi-λ deformations of two classes of ℤ4 permutation supercoset sigma models, which describe sectors of the Green-Schwarz and pure-spinor string worldsheet theories on type II AdS3 backgrounds with pure R-R flux. We discuss an important limit of these models when one supergroup is undeformed. The associated deformed supergravity background should preserve 8 supersymmetries and is expected to have better properties than the full bi-deformation. As a step towards investigating the quantum properties of these models, we study the two-loop RG flow of the bosonic truncation of the bi-λ deformation.
A comparison of the chemo- and radiotoxicity of thorium and uranium at different enrichment grades
Authors: Rump A. , Hermann C. , Lamkowski A. , Popp T. , Port M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUranium and thorium are heavy metals, and all of their isotopes are radioactive, so it is impossible to study chemical effects entirely independent of the radiation effects. In the present study, we tried to compare the chemo- and radiotoxicity of both metals, taking into account deterministic radiation damages reflected by acute radiation sickness and stochastic radiation damages leading to long-term health impairments (e.g., tumor induction). We made at first a literature search on acute median lethal doses that may be expected to be caused by chemical effects, as even acute radiation sickness as a manifestation of acute radiotoxicity occurs with latency. By simulations based on the biokinetic models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and using the Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis software, we determined the amounts of uranium at different enrichment grades and thorium-232 leading to a short-term red bone marrow equivalent dose of 3.5 Sv considered to cause 50% lethality in humans. Different intake pathways for incorporation were considered, and values were compared to the mean lethal doses by chemotoxicity. To assess stochastic radiotoxicity, we calculated the uranium and thorium amounts leading to a committed effective dose of 200 mSv that is often considered critical. Mean lethal values for uranium and thorium are in the same order of magnitude so that the data do not give evidence for substantial differences in acute chemical toxicity. When comparing radiotoxicity, the reference units (activity in Bq or weight in g) must always be taken into account. The mean lethal equivalent dose to the red bone marrow of 3.5 Sv is reached by lower activities of thorium compared to uranium in soluble compounds. However, for uranium as well as thorium-232, acute radiation sickness is expected only after incorporation of amounts exceeding the mean lethal doses by chemotoxicity. Thus, acute radiation sickness is not a relevant clinical issue for either metal. Concerning stochastic radiation damages, thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than uranium if incorporating the same activities. Using weight units for comparison show that for soluble compounds, thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than low-enriched uranium in the case of ingestion but even more toxic than high-enriched uranium after inhalation or intravenous administration. For insoluble compounds, the situation differs as the stochastic radiotoxicity of thorium-232 ranges between depleted and natural uranium. For acute effects, the chemotoxicity of uranium, even at high enrichment grades, as well as thorium-232 exceeds deterministic radiotoxicity. Simulations show that thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than uranium expressed in activity units. If the comparison is based on weight units, the rankings depend on the uranium enrichment grades and the route of intake.
On the Domino Shuffle and Matrix Refactorizations
Authors: Chhita Sunil , Duits Maurice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper is motivated by computing correlations for domino tilings of the Aztec diamond. It is inspired by two of the three distinct methods that have recently been used in the simplest case of a doubly periodic weighting, that is, the two-periodic Aztec diamond. One of the methods, powered by the domino shuffle, involves inverting the Kasteleyn matrix giving correlations through the local statistics formula. Another of the methods, driven by a Wiener–Hopf factorization for two-by-two matrix-valued functions, involves the Eynard–Mehta Theorem. For arbitrary weights, the Wiener–Hopf factorization can be replaced by an LU- and UL-decomposition, based on a matrix refactorization, for the product of the transition matrices. This paper shows that, for arbitrary weightings of the Aztec diamond, the evolution of the face weights under the domino shuffle and the matrix refactorization is the same. In particular, these dynamics can be used to find the inverse of the LGV matrix in the Eynard–Mehta Theorem.
Low-field 0.55 T MRI evaluation of the fetus
Authors: Ponrartana Skorn , Nguyen HaiThuy N. , Cui Sophia X. , Tian Ye , Kumar Prakash , Wood John C. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important adjunct modality for the evaluation of fetal abnormalities. Recently, low-field MRI systems at 0.55 Tesla have become available which can produce images on par with 1.5 Tesla systems but with lower power deposition, acoustic noise, and artifact. In this article, we describe a technical innovation using low-field MRI to perform diagnostic quality fetal MRI.
Consumption of Energy Drinks among Italian University students: a cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: Protano Carmela , Valeriani Federica , De Giorgi Andrea , Angelillo Silvia , Bargellini Annalisa , Bianco Aida , Bianco Lavinia , Caggiano Giuseppina , Colucci Maria Eugenia , Coniglio Maria Anna , Dallolio Laura , De Giglio Osvalda , Di Giuseppe Gabriella , Elhadidy Heba Safwat Mhmoued Abdo , Gioffrè Maria Eufemia , Laganà Pasqualina , Licata Francesca , Marchesi Isabella , Masini Alice , Montagna Maria Teresa , Napoli Christian , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Pasquarella Cesira , Pelullo Concetta Paola , Paduano Stefania , Sacchetti Rossella , Scaioli Giacomo , Siliquini Roberta , Veronesi Licia , Liguori Giorgio , Spica Vincenzo Romano , Vitali Matteo , Gallè Francesca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the caffeinated Energy Drinks (EDs) consumption among a large sample of Italian undergraduates and its association with some of the major lifestyle risk factors.

Methods
Students attending twelve public Italian universities were involved between October 2021 and May 2022. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, ED consumption, and on health-related behaviors of participants was collected by the use of a web-based questionnaire.

Results
A total of 2165 students participated in the study and 15.2% of them reported having used caffeinated EDs in the last six months, mainly once a month (41.5%). In comparison with non-users, ED users showed a higher proportion of males (p < 0.001) and a higher father’s educational level (p = 0.003), came mainly from Northern universities (p = 0.004) and life sciences degree courses (p < 0.001). Besides, ED users reported higher BMI values (p = 0.003), more particular dietary regimens (p < 0.001), higher levels of weekly moderate–vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001) and participation in sports (p < 0.001) and in team sports (p = 0.003), and higher proportion of smokers (p < 0.001) and alcohol drinkers (p = 0.005). ED use was negatively related with female gender (OR 0.546; 95% CI 0.374–0.798), the Mediterranean diet (OR 0.587; 95% CI 0.362–0.951) and coming from the center of Italy (OR 0.500; 95% CI 0.275–0.909) and positively associated with tobacco smoke (OR 1.712; 95% CI 1.176–2.492) and participation in a team sport (OR 1.686; 95% CI 1.051–2.707).

Conclusion
These findings could encourage figures engaged in education to increase the students’ awareness on this issue in order to prevent the excessive use of EDs and associated unhealthy behaviors, especially in the most interested subgroups.
Endothelial dysfunction in children with newly diagnosed Graves’ disease
Authors: Gamal Yasser , Badawy Ahlam , Ali Ahmed M. , Farghaly Hekma Saad , Metwalley Kotb Abbass , Gaber Noha , Allam Momtaz Thabet , Farouk Yasser 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism in children is Graves’ disease (GD). Vascular endothelium is a specific target of thyroid hormone. The purpose of this study is to assess flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)% and serum von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in children with newly diagnosed GD to reflect the extent of endothelial dysfunction in those children. In this study, 40 children with newly discovered GD and 40 children who were healthy served as the control group. Both patients and controls had anthropometric assessment, as well as measurements of fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TSH, and free thyroxine (FT4 and FT3), thyrotropin receptor antibodies TRAbs and vWF. Noninvasive ultrasound was utilized to quantify the carotid arteries’ intima-media thickness and the brachial artery’s FMD. Patients reported significantly reduced FMD response and greater vWF and hs-CRP levels compared to controls (P = 0.001 for each). In multivariate analysis, we reported that vWF was significantly correlated with TSH (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.32–5.32, P = 0.001), FT3 (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.45–3.55, P = 0.001), TRAb (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.16–2.23, P = 0.01), and FMD% (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.18–8.23, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Children with newly diagnosed GD have endothelial dysfunction, which is shown by impaired FMD and increased vWF. These findings support the idea that GD may need to be treated as soon as possible.

What is Known:• Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children.• vWF is a reliable marker for detection of vascular endothelial dysfunction.

What is New:• Children with newly diagnosed Graves' disease may have endothelial dysfunction as reflected by impairment of FMD and raised vWF level.• Measurement of vWF level in children with newly diagnosed Graves' disease can be used for early detection of endothelial dysfunction.
Deep low-salinity groundwater in sedimentary basins: petrophysical methods from a case study in Somalia
Authors: Quiroga Elizabeth , Bertoni Claudia , Ruden Fridtjov 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOil and gas exploration data for the Northern Somalia and Horn of Africa region have been utilised for deep freshwater resources exploration. This unique geophysical and petrophysical dataset is integrated into a regional hydrogeological study and it allows for targeting of unmapped and unknown deep aquifers that would otherwise be beyond the conventional reach of the groundwater sector. The database includes open-hole well logging surveys (resistivity, gamma ray, and spontaneous potential), mud logging and drill stem test (DST) data. The results from the data analysis are combined with the geological interpretation to assess the freshwater potential of each mapped hydrostratigraphic unit in the region. The results highlight the presence of several previously unknown deep low-to-medium salinity (<9 g/L total dissolved solids (TDS)) aquifers within the Jurassic to Eocene units, including the Adigrat, Hamanlei, Gabredarre, Gumburo, Jessoma, and Auradu formations. With tested intervals of water containing less than 3.8 g/L total dissolved solids, the Auradu, Jessoma, and Gumburo formations are the most promising deep freshwater aquifers. Additional results on the analysis of groundwater parameters, such as hydraulic head, provide the basis for further groundwater modelling. The results show that the method has good potential, in particular for use in drought-stricken areas of arid regions. Ultimately, the results from this region have global significance, as the method can provide a new means of boosting fresh groundwater resources in water-poor regions, and supporting sustainable development and utilization of the resources in the medium and long term.