bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: A meta‐analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
Authors: Teder Tiit , Kaasik Ants 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFitness consequences of early‐life environmental conditions are often sex‐specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here, we use meta‐analysis to evaluate sex‐specific sensitivity to larval nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature‐derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males. Stressful nutritional conditions during larval development typically lead to female‐biased mortality and thus increasingly male‐biased sex ratios of emerging adults. We further demonstrate that the general trend of higher sensitivity to food stress in females can primarily be attributed to their typically larger body size in insects and hence higher energy needs during development. By contrast, there is no consistent evidence of sex‐biased sensitivity in sexually size‐monomorphic species. Drawing conclusions regarding sex‐biased sensitivity in species with male‐biased size dimorphism remains to wait for the accumulation of relevant data. Our results suggest that environmental conditions leading to elevated juvenile mortality may potentially affect the performance of insect populations further by reducing the proportion of females among individuals reaching reproductive age. Accounting for sex‐biased mortality is therefore essential to understanding the dynamics and demography of insect populations, not least importantly in the context of ongoing insect declines.
Plasma neurofilament light chain level is not a biomarker of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease progression: Results of 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Setlere Signe , Grosmane Arta , Kurjane Natalja , Gailite Linda , Rots Dmitrijs , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Kenina Viktorija 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary, slowly progressive neuropathy. Currently, there are no effective pharmacological treatments or sensitive disease activity biomarkers available. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the change in plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) over time in a CMT cohort and analyse the association between CMT severity and NfL level.MethodsInitially, 101 CMT patients and 64 controls were enrolled in the study. Repeated evaluation was performed in 73 patients and 28 controls at a 3‐year interval. Disease severity assessment included clinical evaluation with CMT Neuropathy Score version 2 (CMTNSv2). Plasma NfL concentration was measured using the Simoa (single molecule array) NfL assay.ResultsPlasma NfL concentration was increased in the CMT group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Overall NfL level increased over the 3‐year interval in both CMT (p = 0.012) and control (p = 0.001) groups. However, in 22 of 73 CMT patients and seven of 28 controls, the NfL level decreased from the baseline. Analysing the association between 3‐year change in plasma NfL and disease severity (CMTNSv2), there was no correlation in the CMT group (r = 0.228, p = 0.052) or different CMT subgroups.ConclusionsOur study verifies increased plasma NfL concentrations in patients with CMT compared with controls. Longitudinal 3‐year data showed a variable change in NfL levels between CMT subtypes. There was no association between change in NfL over time and disease severity. These findings suggests that NfL is not a biomarker for CMT progression.
Competing interests at the heart of equine sports medicine ethics: A scoping review and thematic analysis
Authors: Allen Kate , Anderson Lynley , King Mike , Mullan Siobhan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ethics of using horses in sport is receiving increasing attention and media scrutiny. Sports medicine ethics is an important and well‐established discipline within human medicine and biomedical ethics, which has, thus far, received little application to the equine veterinary field.ObjectivesThe purpose of this scoping review was to explore the existing literature on equine sports medicine ethics, to understand the current concerns and issues, and to map areas for future research.Study designScoping review.MethodsAcademic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CAB abstracts) were searched to identify papers, published in English, between 2000 and 2022, that mentioned aspect(s) of the ethics of veterinary provision to the performance horse. Additionally, grey (including lay) literature was identified through global search engines to locate supplementary and opinion articles. Relevant data on article characteristics and ethical concerns were extracted and charted. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key issues.ResultsA literature source of 41 papers/articles was used; of which 35 were from veterinary sources, mostly veterinary journals and conference proceedings. Several themes were identified including: competing stakeholder interests; governing bodies, rules and regulations; provision of optimal veterinary care; confidentiality; and social licence for the veterinary profession. The most commonly mentioned specific ethical concern was the use of medication in performance horses.Main limitationsIn this scoping review, we have not sought to critically analyse the ethical arguments within the included literature, but rather to collate them so that an overview of ethical concerns can be established.ConclusionsFurther consideration is required as to how the veterinary profession and sporting governing bodies can support individual veterinary surgeons to strive for the highest levels of professional conduct in equine sports medicine. The veterinary profession should continue to work towards establishing processes for determining what veterinary practices are ethical, optimal, excessive, permissible and impermissible.
Intrahippocampal injection of a selective blocker of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2B subunit, Ro25‐6981, increases glutamate neurotransmission and induces antidepressant‐like effects
Authors: Doan Julie , Defaix Céline , Mendez‐David Indira , Gardier Alain M. , Colle Romain , Corruble Emmanuelle , McGowan Josephine C. , David Denis J. , Guilloux Jean‐Philippe , Tritschler Laurent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious public health problem, as it is the most common psychiatric disorder worldwide. Antidepressant drugs increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which is required to induce some behavioral effects of antidepressants. Adult‐born granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the glutamate receptors subunits 2 (GluN2B) subunit of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) ionotropic receptors play an important role in these effects. However, the precise neurochemical role of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor on adult‐born GCs for antidepressant‐like effects has yet to be elucidated. The present study aims to explore the contribution of the GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) to the antidepressant drug treatment using a pharmacological approach. Thus, (αR)‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐(βS)‐methyl‐4‐(phenylmethyl)‐1‐piperidinepropanol (Ro25‐6981), a selective antagonist of the GluN2B subunit, was acutely administered locally into the ventral DG (vDG, 1 μg each side) following a chronic fluoxetine (18 mg/kg/day) treatment—known to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis—in a mouse model of anxiety/depression. Responses in a neurogenesis‐dependent task, the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), and neurochemical consequences on extracellular glutamate and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the vDG were measured. Here, we show a rapid‐acting antidepressant‐like effect of local Ro25‐6981 administration in the NSF independent of fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, we revealed a fluoxetine‐independent increase in the glutamatergic transmission in the vDG. Our results suggest behavioral and neurochemical effects of GluN2B subunit independent of serotonin reuptake inhibition.
Novel student roles in health care delivery: An example emerging from the COVID‐19 health care crisis in 2021
Authors: Torda Adrienne , Pinheiro Rebecca , Overton Kristen , Yu Jennifer , Ooi Sze‐Yuan , Altman Lisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2021, the rapid rise in COVID‐19 infections put overwhelming demand on health care services. It was recognised that patients could be managed in the community if an appropriate monitoring service existed. Medical students were recruited for roles that combined technology, teamwork and clinical skills. This is an example of how novel roles can provide solutions in times of health care crises.
Relationship between characteristics of basal internodes and lodging and its physiological mechanism in direct‐seeded rice
Authors: Liu Weiyang , Fan Xuhong , Liu Yue‐yue , Bao Shuying , Lu Yuya , Gai Dongsheng , Fu Xukun , Du Juan , Guo Liying , Zhang Qiang , Geng Yanqiu , Shao Xiwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLodging is an important factor that limits rice yield and the large‐scale promotion of direct‐seeded rice (DSR). The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the characteristics of basal internodes and lodging and the physiological mechanism underlying this process in DSR. A field study was conducted in Changchun, Jilin Province, China, using a japonica rice variety Jiyujing with two direct seeding cultivation methods, including dry DSR (DDSR), wet DSR (WDSR) and conventional‐transplanted rice (CTSR) as a control in 2019 and 2020. Lodging‐related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and carbohydrate components of basal internodes were investigated at heading stage (HS) and 30 days after heading stage (HS30). The results showed that WDSR increased lodging index (LI) and lodging rate compared with CTSR and DDSR. LI increased rapidly from HS to HS30, primarily because of the significant reduction in the breaking strength (M). Correlation analysis revealed that the M of N4 internode was significantly positively correlated with culm plumpness and structural carbohydrate proportions at HS30. Culm plumpness decreased significantly, due to a decrease in nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content then primarily the decrease in starch proportions and content. Compared with CTSR and DDSR, WDSR decreased culm wall thickness, dry weight per centimetre of the culm and leaf sheaths, and the proportions and contents of cellulose, lignin and starch of internode, resulting in the decrease in internode breaking strength. Thus, it was concluded that the DSR reduced internode strength by reducing internode plumpness and carbohydrate content, thus decreasing lodging resistance.
Exploring digital interventions to facilitate coping and discomfort for nurses experiencing the menopause in the workplace: An international qualitative study
Authors: Cronin Camille , Bidwell Gemma , Carey Janene , Donevant Sara , Hughes Kerri‐Ann , Kaunonen Marja , Marcussen Jette , Wilson Rhonda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe global nursing workforce is predominantly female, with a large proportion working in the 45–55 age group. Menopause is a transition for all women, and; therefore needs recognition as it can impact work performance and consequently staff turnover.BackgroundWomen will go through the menopause, but not all women are affected. The menopause transition presents a range of signs and symptoms both physical and psychological which can impact the quality of life and individuals' work/life balance. The nursing workforce is predominantly women that will work through the menopause transition.ObjectivesThe study explored perspectives on digital health interventions as strategies to support menopausal women and to understand the requirements for designing health interventions for support in the workplace.DesignA qualitative explorative design.SettingsNurses working in a range of clinical settings in England, Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia and USA.MethodsNurses (n = 48) participated in focus groups from six different countries from February 2020–June 2022 during the pandemic from a range of acute, primary care and education settings. Nurses were invited to participate to share their experiences. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsAll participants were able to describe the physical symptoms of menopause, with some cultural and possible hemisphere differences; more noticeable was the psychological burden of menopause and fatigue that is not always recognized. Four themes were identified: Managing symptoms in the workplace; Recognition in the workplace; Menopause interventions; and Expectation versus the invisible reality. These themes revealed information that can be translated for implementation into digital health interventions.ConclusionsManagers of nursing female staff in the menopausal age range need greater awareness, and menopause education should involve everyone. Finally, our results demonstrate design attributes suitable for inclusion in digital health strategies that are aligned with likely alleviation of some of the discomforts of menopause.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
A Project View of the Right to Parent
Authors: Lange Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe institution of the family and its importance have recently received considerable attention from political theorists. Leading views maintain that the institution's justification is grounded, at least in part, in the non‐instrumental value of the parent–child relationship itself. Such views face the challenge of identifying a specific good in the parent–child relationship that can account for how adults acquire parental rights over a particular child – as opposed to general parental rights, which need not warrant a claim to parent one's biological progeny. I develop a view that meets this challenge. This Project View identifies the pursuit of a parental project as a distinctive non‐instrumentally valuable good that provides a justification for the family and whose pursuit is necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of parental rights. This view grounds moral parenthood in a normative relation as opposed to a biological one, supports polyadic forms of parenting, and provides plausible guidance in cases of assisted reproduction.
Fairness, Care, and Abortion
Authors: O'Brien David 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTOnly women can bear the burdens of gestating fetuses. That fact, I suggest, bears on the morality of abortion. To illustrate and explain this point, I frame my discussion around Judith Jarvis Thomson's classic defense of abortion and Gina Schouten's recent feminist challenge to Thomson's defense. Thomson argued that, even assuming that fetuses are morally equivalent to persons, abortions are typically morally permissible. According to Schouten's feminist challenge to Thomson, however, if fetuses are morally equivalent to persons, then abortions are typically morally impermissible because there is a collective moral obligation to care for the vulnerable. The consideration that is my topic, however, poses a problem for that feminist challenge to Thomson. There is reason to believe, I argue, that it is unfair that only women can bear the burdens of gestating fetuses. And, if that is unfair, it would undermine that feminist challenge to Thomson. I show, in other words, that there is a plausible and well‐motivated basis for believing that, even if fetuses are morally equivalent to persons and there is a collective obligation to care for the vulnerable, then abortions are nevertheless typically morally permissible. That is how fairness bears on the morality of abortion.
Optimization of the atrioventricular delay in conduction system pacing
Authors: Coluccia Giovanni , Dell'Era Gabriele , Ghiglieno Chiara , De Vecchi Federica , Spinoni Enrico , Santagostino Matteo , Guido Alessandro , Zaccaria Maria , Patti Giuseppe , Accogli Michele , Palmisano Pietro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn patients receiving conduction system pacing (CSP), it is not well established how to program the sensed atrioventricular delay (sAVD), with respect to the type of capture obtained (selective, nonselective His‐bundle [HB] capture or left bundle branch [LBB] capture). The aim of this study was to acutely assess the effectiveness of an electrophysiology (EP)‐guided method for sAVD optimization by comparing it with the echocardiogram‐guided optimization.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients undergoing HB or LBB pacing were enrolled. The EP‐guided sAVD was defined as the sAVD leading to a PR interval of 150 ms on surface electrocardiogram (ECG). In HB pacing patients, EP‐guided sAVD was obtained subtracting the time from the onset of the P wave on ECG to the local atrial electrogram (EGM) recorded by the atrial lead (right atrial sensing latency, RASL) and the His‐ventricular interval from 150 ms; in LBB pacing patients, subtracting RASL from 150 ms. Transmitral flow assessment by pulsed wave Doppler was used to find the echo‐optimized sAVD by a modified iterative method. The discordance between the EP‐guided and the echo‐optimized sAVD was recorded.ResultsSeventy‐one patients were enrolled: 12 with selective, 32 nonselective HB capture, and 27 LBB capture. Overall, the rate of concordance between the EP‐guided and the echo‐optimized sAVD was 71.8%, with no significant differences between the three groups.ConclusionIn CSP patients, an optimal sAVD can be programmed, in more than 70% of cases, considering only simple EGM intervals to obtain a physiological PR interval on surface ECG.
High reproductive potential of the commercially exploited shark Squalus suckleyi in the major fishing grounds of the western North Pacific
Authors: Yano Toshikazu , Hattori Tsutomu , Narimatsu Yoji , Nagao Jiro , Tanaka Sho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study examined body length (precaudal length, PCL) and age at sexual maturity, as well as fecundity and maternal investment in the Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi, a long‐term commercially exploited shark in the western North Pacific, using samples caught in several fisheries and across seasons. The PCL and age at 50% sexual maturity of males were 60.6 cm and 9.4 years, respectively, and those of females were 73.1 cm and 17.8 years, respectively. The PCL and age at 50% maternity were 77.4 cm and 19.7 years, respectively. General or generalized linear models revealed that capture by different fishing method did not significantly correlate with sexual maturity and maternity rates or litter size. Other general linear models revealed an increase in offspring size with maternal size, but litter size was not affected by embryonic development. These findings indicate that the reproductive potential of Pacific spiny dogfish is relatively high throughout the whole North Pacific region because of a smaller size and earlier age at sexual maturation in both sexes. In addition, pregnant females displayed no resting phase and produced 0.45 more embryos per centimetre of PCL in their lifetime after the onset of maturity, which is higher than in the eastern North Pacific. We suggest that these qualities are not a consequence of stock decline associated with the long‐term exploitation of the species, but that its high reproductive potential has likely contributed to the long‐term stability of the landings in Japan.Significance statementWhile reproductive potential has been determined for many fish species, such information is scarce for Pacific spiny dogfish. We evaluated the reproductive characteristics of this species in the major fishing grounds of the western North Pacific. The productivity and rebound potential of sharks is extremely low compared with those of bony fishes. However, our results indicate that even if the reproductive potential has a small effect on the population dynamics, it should not be ignored for sustainable stock utilization.
Non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions in male urinary incontinence: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hou Sijia , Qi Ziyi , Wu Siyuan , Zhu Keping , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe and synthesize non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for male urinary incontinence from the existing literature.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following the methodology suggested by Arksey and O'Malley: (1) identification of the research questions; (2) identification of relevant studies using a three‐step search recommended by JBI: an initial search within PubMed and CINAHL, a comprehensive literature search within PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and literature search of references lists; (3) study selection; (4) data extraction and charting; (5) collation, summarization, and reporting of the results. The PRISMA‐ScR Checklist was used to report.ResultsA total of 4602 studies were identified, of which 87 studies were included. Approximately 78% were randomized controlled trials. More than 88% of the participants were men with prostate cancer. Exercising pelvic floor muscles 30 times per day for 12 weeks was the most frequently reported. Parameters of electrical stimulation were typically set up to 50 Hz and 300 μs for frequency and width of pulse, respectively, and lasted for 15 min. Pure pelvic floor muscle training, Pilates, Yoga, whole body vibration, diaphragm/abdominal muscle training, micturition interruption exercise, acupuncture, and auriculotherapy showed positive effects on reducing urinary incontinence.ConclusionThe findings suggested implementing pelvic floor muscle training alone before or after surgery can both prompt the recovery of continence in men after prostate cancer surgery. The decision to use biofeedback or electrical stimulation to enhance the therapeutic effect of pelvic floor muscle training should be approached with caution. More rigorous designed studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques and diverse novel methods.Relevance to clinical practicePhysicians and nurses need to be up to date on the latest evidence‐based non‐pharmacological and nonsurgical interventions in male urinary incontinence and select appropriate interventions based on available medical resources and patient preferences.
The contribution of aquaculture systems to global aquaculture production
Authors: Verdegem Marc , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Latt U. Win , Dalsgaard Anne J. T. , Lovatelli Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince 2000, aquaculture became well‐integrated into the global food system. Aquaculture systems are highly diverse, producing globally equal amounts of fed and extractive species. In Asia and Africa, inland aquaculture provides the bulk of aquaculture production, while in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, marine aquaculture dominates. The realized growth of annual production since 2000 is due to intensification, the use of more and better feeds, improved production management, and increased attention to biosecurity. Fed and extractive aquaculture, both need to pay more attention to scaling, site selection, and the health of the wider production environment. In terms of land use, aquaculture is more efficient than terrestrial animal production. Still, water use remains a challenge. More attention should be given to water recycling in land‐based systems, reducing water consumption and facilitating nutrient recovery and reuse. Future development should focus on making aquaculture climate neutral and on reducing environmental impacts, both inland and at sea. More attention must be given to making aquaculture an important part of local food systems on all continents, as is the case in Asia today. Integration of aquaculture into local nutrition‐sensitive, circular, and sustainable food systems should become the major driver for future aquaculture system development.