bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrothermal Properties of 2D Materials in Device Applications
Authors: Klein Samantha , Aksamija Zlatan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To continue downscaling transistors, new materials must be explored. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are appealing due to their thinness and bandgap. The relatively weak van der Waals forces between layers in 2D materials allow easy exfoliation and device fabrication but also result in poor heat transfer to the substrate, which is the main path for heat removal. The impaired thermal coupling is exacerbated in few-layer devices where Joule heat dissipated in the layers further from the substrate encounters additional interlayer thermal resistance before reaching the substrate, which results in self-heating and thermal degradation of mobility. This study explores the electro-thermal properties of five popular 2D materials (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, and 2D black phosphorous). We simulate various devices with self-heating with a range of gate and drain biases and examine the effects on mobility and change in device temperature. The effects are compared to the isothermal case to ascertain the impact of self-heating. We observe that Joule heating has a significant effect on temperature rise, layer-wise drain current, and effective mobility. We show that black phosphorous performs the best thermally, owing to its relatively high thermal conductance to the substrate, while WSe2 performs the best electrically. This study will inform future thermally aware designs of nanoelectronic devices based on 2D materials.
Treatment and outcomes of 95 post-Covid patients with an antidepressant and neurobiological explanations
Authors: Rus Carla C.P. , de Vries Bert , Vries Ingmar E.J. , Nutma Idelette , Kooij J. J. Sandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
After Covid-19 infection, 12.5% develop a post-Covid-syndrome. Symptoms affect numerous organ systems, but after one year they are mainly neurological and neuropsychiatric in nature. There is evidence that treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during Covid-19 infection decreases the likelihood of a post-Covid condition, but there is no known research on treating post-Covid syndrome itself with SSRIs. This study used an exploratory questionnaire and found that 63,4% of 95 post-Covid syndrome patients reported a reasonably good to strong response to an SSRI. Outcomes were measured with three different measures that correlated strongly with each other. Brainfog and sensory overload decreased the most. Patients experienced improved well-being. The response to SSRIs in post-Covid conditions was explained by seven possible neurobiological mechanisms as reported in the recent literature. The promising results of this study should be followed by a randomized controlled trial.
Post-cholecystectomy Bile duct injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Seif-Eldeen Mostafa , Elkeleny Mostafa Refaie , Ghazal Abdel-Hamid Ahmed , Zidan Mohamed Hossam Eldin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Bile duct injury (BDI) is still a major worrisome complication that is feared by all surgeons undergoing cholecystectomy. The overall incidence of biliary duct injuries still falls between 0.2–1.3%. BDI classification remains an important method to define the type of injury conducted for investigation and management. In recent years, a Consensus has been taken to clearly define BDI using the ATOM classification. Early management brings better results than delayed management. The current perspective in biliary surgery is the laparoscopic role in diagnosing and managing BDI. Diagnostic laparoscopy has been conducted in various entities for diagnostic and therapeutic measures in both minor and major BDIs.Methods: 35 cases with iatrogenic BDI following cholecystectomy (after both open and laparoscopic approaches) both happened in or were referred to Alexandria Main University Hospital surgical department from January 2019 till May 2022 and were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified according to the ATOM classification. Management options undertaken were mentioned and compared to the timing of diagnosis, and the morbidity and mortality rates (using the Clavien-Dindo classification).Results 35 patients with BDI after both laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) (54.3%), and Open cholecystectomy (OC) (45.7%) (20% were converted and 25.7% were Open from the start) were classified according to ATOM classification. 45.7% were main bile duct injuries (MBDI), and 54.3% were non-main bile duct injuries (NMBDI), where only one case 2.9% was associated with vasculobiliary injury (VBI). 28% (n = 10) of the cases were diagnosed intraoperatively (Ei), 62.9% were diagnosed early postoperatively (Ep), and 8.6% were diagnosed in the late postoperative period (L). LC was associated with 84.2% of the NMBDI, and only 18.8% of the MBDI., compared to OC which was associated with 81.3% of MBDI, and 15.8% of NMBDI. By the Clavien-Dindo classification, 68.6% fell into Class IIIb, 20% into Class I, 5.7% into Class V (mortality rate), 2.9% into Class IIIa, and 2.9% into Class IV. The Clavien-Dindo classification and the patient's injury (type and time of detection) were compared to investigation and management options.Conclusion Management options should be defined individually according to the mode of presentation, the timing of detection of injury, and the type of injury. Early detection and management are associated with lower morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic Laparoscopy was associated with lower morbidity and better outcomes.
Surgical Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures in Damascus Hospital during The Syrian Crisis
Authors: Sattouf Aghyed , Alhussein Ahmad , Alrras Abdul Kafi , Alhalabi Nawras , Ali Isam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
With increasing advances in transportation (cars, motorcycles ... etc.), urban advancement, and life activities; and thus, the incidence of fractures had increased among all members of society, The fractures of the tibial plateau had a share in that, and it was necessary to review and evaluate what is being done for this growing segment of patients.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with tibia plateau fractures between 2015 and 2021.
This has been done by reviewing the patients' files in Damascus Hospital and recording information by the researcher on a research questionnaire, the sample number was 107 patients.
Results:
the age group most affected by tibial plateau fractures was concentrated in the age group between 31-40 years at a rate of 30%, and the percentage of injured males was higher at a rate of 85%, and the most common mechanism of injury was a fall at a rate of 67.3%, and as noted the dominance of type -2- of the Schatzker classification With a percentage of 42.1%, the most commonly used method of surgical management was via plates with a percentage of 60.8%. As for postoperative complications, the incidence of sepsis was 2.8%, and the failure of recovery materials was 1.9%. From the results, a statistically significant result was found for the relationship between the length of stay in the hospital with the occurrence of complications postoperatively (p=0.001).
Discussion:
Many of the results of our research agreed with other international studies on various levels, such as complication rates regarding sepsis, for example, and the surgical method used in fracture management was through plates, and fracture epidemiology according to the Schatzker pattern, which was the most common (type 2).
Conclusion:
We note the necessity and importance of evaluating the preoperative fracture according to international standards, and thus adopting the best method of inference according to the fracture pattern and the accompanying injuries, all of which were found to be directly related to the results of the surgical procedure, thus reaching the optimal result.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Microlearning Requirements in Micro-Credentials: A Pilot Study
Authors: HALIM FAUZIAH SAADAH ABDUL , Luaran Johan@ Eddy , Jill Lee Sze Seau 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The study addresses the problem of the lack of a comprehensive questionnaire that encompasses the diverse requirements for designing effective learning environments and delivering meaningful learning experiences in micro-credential programs, with a specific focus on Malaysia higher education institutions. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a questionnaire capable of identifying the design requirements for microlearning in the context of developing micro-credentials. To achieve this, the questionnaire underwent validation through both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and quantitative analysis. The study involved 48 participants who were micro-credential developers from a public higher education institution in Malaysia. These participants represented various designations and were affiliated with 16 different faculties. Initially, a 70-item questionnaire was developed by incorporating relevant insights from literature review into Khan’s e-learning model. After eliminating overlapping items and items that did not adequately represent the specific elements, a 56-item questionnaire was developed. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in 14 factors consisting of 57 high-loading components, which collectively explained 85.549% of the total variance. The 57-item questionnaire demonstrated favourable multifaceted qualities. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an expert panel, which identified the pedagogical dimension, technological dimension, evaluation dimension, management dimension, resources support and institutional dimension as significant factors. These six main constructs were collectively utilised to determine the microlearning design requirements for the development of micro-credentials. By addressing the multifaceted requirements of microlearning design, this questionnaire has the potential to enhance the overall quality and effectiveness of micro-credential programs in the Malaysian higher education landscape and beyond.
Hibridisasi Gaya Arsitektur Bangunan Pemerintahan di Rokan Hilir Masa Bupati Periode 2001-2021
Authors: Karima Miftahul , Sudradjat Iwan , Widiastuti Indah 
Published: July 2023

Title: Hybridization of Architectural Styles in Government Buildings in Rokan Hilir during the Regents' Term from 2001-2021

The Architecture of Government buildings in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, demonstrates a change in style during the terms of three Regents who served between 2001 and 2021. The architectural style of government buildings initially referred to the Malay architectural style but later shifted orientation to architecture with various dome-shaped roofs. This article explains the changes in the architectural style of government buildings in Rokan Hilir from 2001 to 2021 and maps them genealogically. The research was conducted using a historical method, utilizing primary data from field observations and interviews and secondary data from development project archives and literature. The results of this research provide a genealogy of architectural styles in government office buildings in Rokan Hilir, regarding the Traditional, Modern, Dome, and Neo-Classical styles. Throughout their development, these four references underwent a process of hybridization, resulting in five hybrid styles as follows: Traditional-Neo-Classical Hybrid, Neo-Classical-Dome Hybrid, Traditional-Dome Hybrid, Dome-Modern Hybrid, and Traditional-Neo-Classical-Dome Hybrid.
Evaluating ecohydrological driving factors controlling the hydrology of the Wuijang River Basin, China
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Wenxian , Ma Jianqin , Fu Yicheng , Wang Baoliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

River hydrology is an important proxy for changes in river runoff and an important factor affecting the ecology of rivers. To quantitatively evaluate the hydrology of the Wuijang River basin, this paper uses various tests to analyze runoff. The IHA-RVA method combined with FDC ecohydrological indicators was used to evaluate the hydrology of the Wuijang River basin and to analyze and calculate the contribution of human activities and climate change to runoff. The results show that (1) the runoff in the Wujiang River basin has shown a decreasing trend over the years, with a sudden change in 2005 and mainly two inter-annual cycles; (2) the overall hydrological change in runoff is 48%, which is a moderate change; (3) The changes in FDC ecological indicators are significantly correlated with rainfall, and the correlation between FDC ecological indicators and IHA hydrological indicators is strong; (4) human activities are the main influencing factors of runoff changes in the Wujiang River. The results of this paper have some reference value for the management of the Wujiang River basin and the improvement and restoration of river ecology.
Effect of the River Chief System on river pollution control under ‘Responsibility Contracting’: lessons and experiences from China
Authors: Yao Wenjie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Based on whether the ‘One River, One Policy’ is implemented or not, this paper used the questionnaire data of village (community) river chiefs in nine districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, and used the Difference-In-Differences Model to carry out an empirical analysis. The findings are threefold. Firstly, the ‘One River, One Policy’ implemented by primary river chiefs can improve the water quality of the river reaches in their charge. Secondly, annual river patrol times and public support can improve the water quality of the river reaches in charge of primary river chiefs. Thirdly, the River Chief System (RCS) can promote the treatment of river pollution under ‘Responsibility Contracting’, but for primary river chiefs, there is still a suspicion of whitewash pollution control behavior, so whether to establish a long-term mechanism of the RCS is still uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical support and decision-making reference for constructing the positive incentive mechanism of the behavior of primary river chiefs in the reconstruction of the RCS, which has important practical significance for effectively improving the RCS and comprehensively promoting the Chinese experiences of river pollution control.
Skin Cancer: An Insight on its Association with Aging, Pathogenesis and
Treatment Strategies
Authors: Sharma Divya , Singh Nikhil , Srivastava Shikha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Skin cancer is one of the deadly diseases of the skin characterized by pain and uncontrolled
growth of cells. The pathogenesis of skin cancer involves the uncontrolled division of abnormal
cells in the part of the body affected by an accumulation of genome variation over the
course of a lifetime. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing all over the world and has
been reported more in old-aged persons. Furthermore, aging plays a vital role in promoting malignancy.
Cancer necessitates lifelong administration of drugs to maintain the quality of life. The
major challenge of treatment is the side effects associated with these drugs. Novel and targeted
approaches are now formulated to explore as an alternative measure to treat cancer. The current
review summarizes the pathogenesis of cancer and its treatment strategies. These approaches are
discussed with regard to the drugs, mechanism of action, causative factors, distribution of cancer,
mortality rate, and treatment strategies.
Fighting or encouraging, but not ignoring – different attitudes towards migration
Authors: Molis Arūnas , Rzaguliyeva Nigar 
Published: July 2023

Current discourse on the tendencies of the migration very often excludes migrants from the normal fabric of society, not just as aliens, but as aliens who represent risk to national security. It frames the key question about the future of the political community as one of a choice for or against migration. It sometimes reproduces the political myth that a homogenous national community or western civilization existed in the past and can be re-established today through the exclusion of migrants who are identified as cultural aliens (Huysmans 2000, 758). This article examines the roots and the reasons of such discourse while examining some recent broadly discussed cases of the migration.
Performance: Differences in measuring performance
Authors: Schettler Daniel Philipp 
Published: July 2023

An important issue in human resources is the procedure of the employees’ performance evaluation. The appraisal is essential in the sense of employee appreciation and motivation. Most employers use a subjective performance evaluation of a single superior or a group of persons involved in the employee’s working processes. The subjective evaluation of a group or one person is often questioned about being appropriate. An often-named solution for a more objective criteria could be data driven performance measures. Professional sport provides a unique opportunity to compare objective and subjective performance evaluation measures. A data set of the German Bundesliga was used to test if the two different performance measure come to equal results. It is shown that differences in means exist but equivalence tests support the hypothesis that both measures could be treated as equal. In toto, it seems that in an environment where performance is relatively good to measure objective and subjective performance evaluations lead to equivalent results.
A Century of Progress: U.S. Government Accountability Office Procedures, Reports, and Performance Measures
Authors: McDonough Ryan P. , McLelland Andrew J. , Warren J. Donald 
Published: July 2023

SYNOPSIS
In 2021, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) celebrated its 100th anniversary, and its mission has never been more critical. This study documents the 100-year history of GAO, examining how Congressional law changes and leadership influences of the Comptroller General of the United States have shaped GAO’s role, services, and products. GAO has transformed from focusing on providing oversight through its audits of federal government expenditures during its early years (e.g., to assess legality) to emerging as a leader in providing insights to Congress through program evaluation audits and, more recently, to providing Congress the foresight necessary to confront the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Hospital Cooks
Authors: Wijaya Rita Ingewaty , Soemarko Dewi Sumaryani 
Published: July 2023

Chronic kidney disease is still a concern for health problems in Indonesia. Complications of chronic kidney disease include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, decreased kidney function to the end stage and even death. One of the potential dangers is heat, which not only causes the risk of kidney and cardiovascular health problems but it can also worsen the condition of the disease. Workplaces such as hospital kitchens have a risk of heat exposure. This shows the importance of fit-to-work assessment based on occupational medicine management. A 55-year-old cook worker with stage IV chronic kidney disease came to the hospital. The result from the last visit suggested that she had dyslipidemia and uncontrolled hypertension. We recommend the worker with job restrictions. She can still work in the nutrition department of the hospital but with restrictions on cooking duties. She can still work in the food filter and serving area. The goal of limiting work assignments is to maintain chronic kidney failure at stage IV. In addition, the hospital is also required to take control measures so that other workers do not have the risk of kidney disease health problems.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, cook, occupational medicine management
Profil Klinis dan Radiologis Pasien Stroke dengan Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Di RS Bethesda Yogyakarta
Authors: Ni Kadek Aditya Pramesti Arminta , Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon , Esdras Ardi Pramudita 
Published: July 2023

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) merupakan penyebab tersering dari kasus stroke dan bagian utama gangguan kognitif vaskular. Di Indonesia stroke merupakan penyakit penyebab kematian dan disabilitas tertinggi pada tahun 2019, namun data spesifik terkait CSVD di Indonesia masih minim. Melalui tulisan ini, akan di bahas lebih lanjut terkait karakteristik pasien Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional kuantitatif dengan total 83 subjek penelitian. Ditemukan 73,5% pasien adalah perempuan, dengan 98,8% subjek berusia 50 tahun ke atas. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang ditemukan yaitu: dislipidemia (78,3%), hipertensi (77,1%), diabetes mellitus (39,8%), heart disease (26,5%), dan kidney disease (7,2%). Ditemukan adanya peningkatan pada kadar LDL (143,060±40,469) dan trigliserid (241,024±116,807). Dari 83 subjek penelitian 85,5% mengalami WMH, 59% infark lakunar, dan 51,8% mengalami microbleeds. Lokasi infark lakunar yang ditemukan yaitu: acute frontal, acute parietal, acute fronto parietal, acute fronto temporal, periventricular, pons, dan multiple lacunar, dan 3 manifestasi klinis yaitu pure motoric (43,4%), sensori motoric (50,6%), dan ataxic hemiparesis (6%). Disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pasien CSVD yaitu perempuan berusia 50 tahun ke atas dengan faktor risiko tertinggi yaitu dislipidemia dengan peningkatan kadar LDL dan trigliserid pasien. Gambaran MRI dan manifestasi klinis terbanyak ditemukan yaitu WMH (85,5%) dan sensori motoric.
Kata kunci: Cerebral small vessel disease, faktor risiko, hasil laboratorium, MRI, manifestasi klinis.
Pengaruh Fungsi Ginjal Sebelum Intervensi Koroner Perkutan Primer Terhadap Perbedaan Kesintasan 30 Hari Pasien Infark Miokard Elevasi Segmen ST
Authors: Darkuthni Fahmi Razi , Nasution Sally Aman , Lydia Aida , Abdullah Murdani , Antono Dono , Rumende Cleopas Martin , Marbun Maruhum Bonar Hasiholan , Shatri Hamzah , Mansjoer Arif , Wijaya Ika Prasetya , Lusiani Lusiani 
Published: July 2023

Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab kematian penyakit kardiovaskular utama di Indonesia. Revaskularisasi fase akut secara mekanis maupun farmakologis merupakan tatalaksana utama pada STEMI. Mortalitas paska revaskularisasi masih tinggi. Salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi kesintasan pasien STEMI adalah fungsi ginjal. Gangguan fungsi ginjal yang dicerminkan dengan estimated glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 diketahui berhubungan dengan perfusi miokard yang buruk paska IKP primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran karakteristik pasien STEMI yang menjalani IKP primer berdasarkan fungsi ginjal sebelum IKP dan menganalisa perbedaaan kesintasan dalam 30 hari pasien STEMI-IKP primer berdasarkan fungsi ginjal sebelum IKP. Metode studi observasional kohort retrospektif dan pengukuran fungsi ginjal dikelompokkan berdasarkan eGFR dengan rumus CKD-EPI menjadi dua yaitu eGFR < 60 dan eGFR ≥ 60. IKP primer dilakukan pada 211 pasien STEMI. Insiden mortalitas eGFR < 60 sebesar 14,7%, sedangkan dengan eGFR ≥ 60 sebesar 4,4%. Perbedaan kesintasan pasien STEMI-IKP antar-kelompok eGFR (p < 0,05) dengan crude HR (IK95%) 3,433 (1,269-9,284). Tidak terdapat perbedaan kesintasan pasien STEMI-IKP antar-kelompok eGFR setelah di-adjusted. Mortalitas dalam 30 hari pada kelompok eGFR < 60 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok eGFR ≥ 60.

Kata kunci: infark miokard akut, intervensi koroner perkutan, fungsi ginjal, mortalitas.