bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rule of Thirds: Controlling Junction Chirality and Polarity in 3D DNA Tiles
Authors: Vecchioni Simon , Lu Brandon , Janowski Jordan , Woloszyn Karol , Jonoska Nataša , Seeman Nadrian C. , Mao Chengde , Ohayon Yoel P. , Sha Ruojie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe successful self‐assembly of tensegrity triangle DNA crystals heralded the ability to programmably construct macroscopic crystalline nanomaterials from rationally‐designed, nanoscale components. This 3D DNA tile owes its “tensegrity” nature to its three rotationally stacked double helices locked together by the tensile winding of a center strand segmented into 7 base pair (bp) inter‐junction regions, corresponding to two‐thirds of a helical turn of DNA. All reported tensegrity triangles to date have employed turn inter‐junction segments, yielding right‐handed, antiparallel, “J1” junctions. Here a minimal DNA triangle motif consisting of 3‐bp inter‐junction segments, or one‐third of a helical turn is reported. It is found that the minimal motif exhibits a reversed morphology with a left‐handed tertiary structure mediated by a locally‐parallel Holliday junction—the “L1” junction. This parallel junction yields a predicted helical groove matching pattern that breaks the pseudosymmetry between tile faces, and the junction morphology further suggests a folding mechanism. A Rule of Thirds by which supramolecular chirality can be programmed through inter‐junction DNA segment length is identified. These results underscore the role that global topological forces play in determining local DNA architecture and ultimately point to an under‐explored class of self‐assembling, chiral nanomaterials for topological processes in biological systems.
Axial compressive behavior of ultra‐high performance concrete‐filled double skin high‐strength steel tubular short columns
Authors: Li Jiayue , Deng Zongcai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, seven ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC)‐filled double skin high‐strength steel tubular (UHPCFDST) columns and four UHPC filled high‐strength steel tubular (UHPCFST) columns axial compression tests were carried out. The effects of hollow ratio, width‐to‐thickness ratio of the outer steel tube, and cross‐section combination form on the axial compression performance of UHPCFDST were studied, and the failure mode, axial load–strain curve, and strain response were discussed. The results showed that the high‐strength steel tube had good compatibility with UHPC, and all specimens finally had serious buckling deformation. The peak load of UHPCFDST specimens decreased with the increase of the hollow ratio, the ductility and toughness were improved. The width‐to‐thickness ratio of the outer steel tube had the most significant effect on the axial compression performance of the specimens. With the increase of the width‐to‐thickness of the outer steel tube, the ductility of the specimens tended to increase, and the toughness index first increased and then decreased. Finally, a unified calculation model for the ultimate compressive capacity of UHPCFDST and UHPCFST specimens was proposed, and the predicted value was in good agreement with the experimental value.
Reversible capture and release of circulating tumor cells on a three‐dimensional conductive interface to improve cell purity for gene mutation analysis
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ke , Wang Ming , Cheng Shi‐Bo , Chen Yi‐Jing , Li Cui‐Wen , Xie Min , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are always harvested with large numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) by current CTC isolation techniques, which influences the accuracy of CTC‐related gene and protein analysis. Therefore, it is very urgent to develop a method for efficient isolation of CTCs with high purity. In this work, we fabricated a reversibly assembled interface by layer‐by‐layer assembly of biotinylated poly‐(L‐lysine‐graft‐ethylene glycol) (PLL‐g‐PEG‐biotin), streptavidin, and CTC‐specific antibody on a three‐dimensional conductive scaffold, and further embedded it into a customized microchip for CTC capture. The assembled multilayers increased the roughness of the scaffold, which improved the capture efficiency. Importantly, the PLL‐g‐PEG‐biotin covalently coupled with CTCs could be detached from the scaffold by electrostatic repulsion, and the released CTCs could be recaptured on the conductive scaffold via electrostatic attraction while the WBCs were continuously drifted away. This reversible capture and release strategy significantly improved the purity of CTCs, and pure CTCs were obtained from cancer patients’ blood samples for gene mutation assay, which will be of great significance for assisting cancer diagnosis and treatment in a noninvasive way.
Long‐term non‐surgical management of canine aural tympanokeratoma with repeated removal of middle ear keratinous debris and CT follow‐up
Authors: Vanhamäki Leena , Seppänen Riitta , Candido Marcus , Anttila Marjukka , Reunanen Vilma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, male fox terrier with otitis externa was presented because of decreased activity, pain in the ears and deterioration of hearing. Video‐otoscopic flushing was performed, revealing yellowish, spongious debris protruding from the left middle ear cavity. The dog was referred to cone beam computed tomography, which revealed non‐contrast‐enhancing soft tissue opacity filling the left tympanic bulla. Three months later, video‐otoscopic removal of keratinous debris from the tympanic bulla was performed, and histological examination of the debris confirmed the presence of tympanokeratoma. Because the owner refused surgical management, recurrence was followed by video‐otoscopic examination and/or computed tomography, and debris removal was repeated when recurrence was observed, altogether four times over 23 months. Four computed tomography scans during the follow‐up period revealed only very mild progression of the disease.
Multi-grade Teaching in a Small Rural School in Northern Norway
Authors: Bjøru Anne-Mette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter investigates multi-grade teaching in a small rural school in Northern Norway. The aims of the chapter are to show what characterizes the teaching practices in a multi-grade school in a small rural community, and how these practices enable inclusion and adapted education. The chapter gives a brief insight into parts of the Norwegian framework for education; the Education Act and the Core- and Subject Curricula, and theory about didactical tools that are useful in multi-grade school settings. The data were collected during a visit to a small rural school. The field work lasted two full days and included observations of classroom sessions, participation at recess and informal talks with the teachers. Findings show that the three didactical tools student group formation/subject organizing, peer-learning and pupils’ personal working plans are useful when conducting multi-grade teaching in a small school with few pupils. Alongside the subject orientation, the chapter also discusses the Norwegian Core curriculum’s focus on social learning and how this is an important fourth element when working towards a practice that is inclusive and adapted to the individual pupil.
Education Provision for Indigenous and Minority Heritage Languages Revitalisation: A Study Focusing on Saami and Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Beaton Mhairi C. , Helander Hanna , Keskitalo Pigga 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a comparative study of education provision for the Indigenous language of Saami and the minority heritage of Scottish Gaelic. Due to historical factors, both languages are considered endangered according to UNESCO listings. Whilst North Saami and Scottish Gaelic receive government support, which would appear to be providing a reasonably stable position at least within their geographically core areas, assimilation continues resulting in the overall numbers of speakers remaining small. As education is viewed as key to the promotion of both languages, following an introduction to the background historical and societal context of both language contexts, the chapter presents educational practices and challenges in education for comparison over the past forty years. The comparative study highlights that similarities between these two languages exist in language revitalisation efforts to reverse language shift but the forms vary. The chapter concludes with some emerging recommendations for the successful maintenance and revitalisation of minority heritage and Indigenous languages in the twenty-first century despite the continued dominance of surrounding majority languages.
Responsible AI in Africa—Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Okolo Chinasa T. , Aruleba Kehinde , Obaido George 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an analysis into the factors that impact the effective adoption and successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in Africa. The study begins by defining the concept of “responsible AI” and what this means specifically for technologies developed and used within Africa. Further sections within the chapter present challenges including digital literacy, lack of local AI talent and governmental barriers that impede. The chapter also goes into an in-depth analysis of the AI startup and research landscape within the African continent, highlighting organisations of interest and concerning trends. ‘Challenges to effective AI adoption and Implementation in Africa’ concludes by envisioning what responsible AI could look like in the African context and provides actionable recommendations for making strides towards this goal.
Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Recommendations and Lessons Learned
Authors: Dignum Virginia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has huge potential to bring accuracy, efficiency, cost savings and speed to a whole range of human activities and to provide entirely new insights into behaviour and cognition. However, the way AI is developed and deployed for a great part determines how AI will impact our lives and societies. For instance, automated classification systems can deliver prejudiced results and therefore raise questions about privacy and bias; and, the autonomy of intelligent systems, such as, e.g. self-driving vehicles, raises concerns about safety and responsibility. AI’s impact concerns not only the research and development directions for AI, but also how these systems are introduced into society and used in everyday situations. There is a large debate concerning how the use of AI will influence labour, well-being, social interactions, health care, income distribution and other social areas. Dealing with these issues requires that ethical, legal, societal and economic implications are taken into account. In this paper, I will discuss how a responsible approach to the development and use of AI can be achieved, and how current approaches to ensure the ethical alignment of decisions made or supported by AI systems can benefit from the social perspective embedded in non-Western philosophies, in particular the Ubuntu philosophy.
Defending the Civic Body from False Information Online
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have established that false information online harms thecivic body, driven by theeconomics of emotionand thepolitics of emotion. What should be done about this? Multi-stakeholder solutions have been proffered by various countries’ governmental inquiries into disinformation and fake news, and by supranational bodies including the United Nations, European Union and Commonwealth. This chapter assesses seven solution areas: namely, (1) coercive and non-coercive government action, (2) cybersecurity, (3) digital intermediaries/platforms, (4) advertisers, (5) professional political persuaders and public relations, (6) media organisations and (7) education. As well as being intrinsically difficult areas to solve individually, let alone in concert, the chapter concludes that such solutions merely tinker at the edges as they do not address a fundamental incubator for false information online: namely, the business model for social media platforms built on theeconomics of emotion.
Sustaining Ghanaian Transnational Parent–Child Relationships through WhatsApp: A Youth-Centric Perspective
Authors: Osei Onallia Esther , Mazzucato Valentina , Haagsman Karlijn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent research on transnational families considers information communication technologies (ICTs or new media) central to sustaining familial ties but also highlights that abilities to stay connected are not the same for all members of transnational families. Previous studies have focused mainly on how migrant parents communicate with their children at origin or on adult migrant children interacting with their parents at ‘home’; hence, the perspectives of youth are missing. Young people take an active part in transnational communications and thereby co-shape transnational relations. Moreover, studies have focused mostly on ‘old’ ICTs such as phone calls, and most recently, Facebook and Skype. As ICTs continually change, we also need to look at new technologies that enable long-distance sociability, giving young people more room for manoeuvre. We address these gaps by investigating how young people who live in Ghana employ WhatsApp to engage with their migrant parents. We show that youth are agentic herein and devise various strategies to experience a sense of being together across geographical distance.
Isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of p53 in the skin and sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Agamia Naglaa Fathi , El Mulla Khalid Fawzi , Alsayed Naglaa Mohamed , Ghazala Rasha Mohamed , El Maksoud Rania Elsayed Abdel , Abdelmeniem Iman Mohamed , Talaat Iman Mamdouh , Zaki Inass Ibrahim , Sabah Rana Mohamed , Melnik Bodo Clemens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe transcriptomic regulation induced by isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is still a matter of debate as short-term exposures of immortalized sebocytes with isotretinoin produced conflicting results. Based on translational evidence, it has been hypothesized that oral isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of the transcription factor p53. Twenty-five patients suffering from acne vulgaris were treated with isotretinoin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Biopsies from back skin were taken before and after isotretinoin treatment for the determination of p53 expression by immunohistochemical staining, quantification of p53 protein concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TP53 gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR. Fifteen socio-demographically cross-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Isotretinoin treatment significantly increased the nuclear expression of p53 in sebaceous glands of treated patients compared to pre-treatment levels and p53 levels of untreated controls. Furthermore, the p53 protein and gene expression significantly increased in the skin after treatment. The magnitude of p53 expression showed an inverse correlation to acne severity score and body mass index. Under clinical conditions, isotretinoin induced the expression of p53, which controls multiple transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris including FoxO1, androgen receptor and critical genes involved in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Increased p53-FoxO1 signalling enhanced by systemic isotretinoin treatment explains the underlying transcriptomic changes causing sebum suppression but also the adverse effects associated with systemic isotretinoin therapy.
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying in the digital age and its associated mental health problems in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Ping , Martin-Moratinos Marina , Bella-Fernández Marcos , Blasco-Fontecilla Hilario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBullying is a risk factor for the physical and mental health of adolescents. The advent of new technologies has resulted in a brand-new type of bullying, cyberbullying (CB). The co-occurring effects of cyberbullying and traditional bullying(TB) forms of bullying on adolescent mental health are unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the unique and combined effects of CB and TB on adverse psychological outcomes in victims by conducting a joint study of both types of bullying. By doing so, we provide the basis for a comprehensive community bullying prevention program. The database PubMed, PsyclNFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies from 2010 to 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed for data abstraction, and the NIH tool was used to evaluate study-level risk of bias. 42 studies with 266,888 participants were identified. Random-Effect models were used for our study. The moderator analysis was used to explore the moderator of prevalence. Studies with three groups of victims (TB only, CB only, and Both) and two groups of victims (TB and CB) were compared in subgroup analysis. The mean victimization rate was 24.32% (95% CI 20.32–28.83%) for TB and 11.10% (95% CI 9.12–13.44%) for CB. Roughly one-third of TB victims were also victimized by CB. Conversely, only about one-third of CB victims were free from TB. The estimated ORs for depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in the three-group (TB only, CB only and Both) analysis were: depression [TB only: 3.33 (2.22–5.00); CB only: 3.38 (2.57–4.46); Both: 5.30 (2.43–11.56)]; suicidal ideations [TB only: 3.08 (2.12–4.46); CB only: 3.52 (2.38–5.20); Both: 6.64 (4.14–10.64)]; self-harm [TB only: 2.70 (1.86–3.91); CB only: 3.57 (3.20–3.98); Both: 5.57 (2.11–16.00)]; and suicide attempts: [TB only: 2.61 (1.50–4.55); CB only: 3.52 (2.50–4.98); Both: 7.82 (3.83–15.93)]. TB and CB victimization among youth are a matter of public health concern. Victimization appears to be a marker of greater psychopathological severity, particularly suicide-related issues.
A randomized clinical trial assessing theranostic-guided corneal cross-linking for treating keratoconus: the ARGO protocol
Authors: Roszkowska Anna Maria , Lombardo Giuseppe , Mencucci Rita , Scorcia Vincenzo , Giannaccare Giuseppe , Vestri Annarita , Alunni Fegatelli Danilo , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Serrao Sebastiano , Lombardo Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Assessment of theranostic guided riboflavin/UV-A corneal cross-linking for treatment of keratoconus (ARGO; registration number NCT05457647) clinical trial tests the hypothesis that theranostic-guided riboflavin/UV-A corneal cross-linking (CXL) can provide predictable clinical efficacy for halting keratoconus progression, regardless of treatment protocol, i.e., either with or without epithelial removal. Theranostics is an emerging therapeutic paradigm of personalized and precision medicine that enables real-time monitoring of image-guided therapy. In this trial, the theranostic software module of a novel UV-A medical device will be validated in order to confirm its accuracy in estimating corneal cross-linking efficacy in real time. During CXL procedure, the theranostic UV-A medical device will provide the operator with an imaging biomarker, i.e., the theranostic score, which is calculated by non-invasive measurement of corneal riboflavin concentration and its UV-A light mediated photo-degradation. ARGO is a randomized multicenter clinical trial in patients aged between 18 and 40 years with progressive keratoconus aiming to validate the theranostic score by assessing the change of the maximum keratometry point value at 1-year postoperatively. A total of 50 participants will be stratified with allocation ratio 1:1 using a computer-generated stratification plan with blocks in two treatment protocols, such as epithelium-off or epithelium-on CXL. Following treatment, participants will be monitored for 12 months. Assessment of safety and performance of theranostic-guided corneal cross-linking treatment modality will be determined objectively by corneal tomography, corneal endothelial microscopy, visual acuity testing and slit-lamp eye examination.
Female author representation differs between journals from the United States of America, Europe, and Asia: a 10-year comparison of five medical disciplines
Authors: Molwitz Isabel , Keller Sarah , Wolf-Baldauf Liesa , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Nguyen Thai-An , Wedekind Ilka , Zhao Jing , Can Elif , Kamo Minobu , Yamamura Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo provide information for targeted support of female scientists, the objective of this study was to evaluate how female authors are represented in journals of five medical disciplines with varying rates of female physicians from the United States of America (USA), Europe, and Asia. For this retrospective bibliometric study 15 representative gynecologic, pediatric, radiologic, urologic, and surgical journals from the USA, Europe, and Asia were selected from the Web of Science database. From these, all n = 24182 publications of the years 2007/2008 and 2017/2018 were included. Gender and affiliations were assigned to first and senior authors using a software (Gender API, Passau, Germany), native speakers, and a web-based search. For statistics mixed logistic and multinomial logistic regression were applied. In pediatrics, radiology, and urology, highest female first and senior author shares were consistently found in journals from the USA. In European journals proportions across all disciplines tripled (odds ratio 2.96 [95% CI 2.60–3.37], P < .0001). Asian journals showed three-times fewer female authorships than journals from the USA or Europe and the smallest increase (1.36 [1.11–1.66], P = .0026). Compared to the proportion of female physicians within each specialty, female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals and female senior authors in journals of all regions. In journals from the USA most female authors originated from institutes within the USA (36.2%), in European journals from the USA (21.1%) or Europe (21.7%). Women from Asian institutes were worst represented in journals of all regions with lowest rates in Asian journals (9.4%). In conclusion female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals, female senior authors and women from Asian institutes in journals from all regions. Programs for gender equality in science are thus particularly necessary to support female senior authors, for Asian journals, and women from Asian institutes.
Effect of Buffers with Multiple Binding Sites on Calcium Waves
Authors: Kazmierczak Bogdan , Sneyd James , Tsai Je-Chiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe existence and properties of intracellular waves of increased free cytoplasmic calcium concentration (calcium waves) are strongly affected by the binding and unbinding of calcium ions to a multitude of different buffers in the cell. These buffers can be mobile or immobile and, in general, have multiple binding sites that are not independent. Previous theoretical studies have focused on the case when each buffer molecule binds a single calcium ion. In this study, we analyze how calcium waves are affected by calcium buffers with two non-independent binding sites, and show that the interactions between the calcium binding sites can result in the emergence of new behaviors. In particular, for certain combinations of kinetic parameters, the profiles of buffer molecules with one calcium ion bound can be non-monotone.