bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Burden in Carers of Patients with Impulse Control Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Johnson Daniel , Townsend Leigh , David Anthony S. , Askey‐Jones Sally , Brown Richard , Samuel Mike , Okai David 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundImpulse control behaviors (ICBs) are problematic, reward‐based behaviors, affecting 15% to 35% of patients with Parkinson's disease. Evidence exists of increased carer burden as a result of these behaviors; however, little is known about the variables mediating this effect and their management.ObjectiveTo identify factors predictive of carer burden in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease with ICBs to enable the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for carers.MethodsData were collected from 45 patients with clinically significant ICBs and their carers, including levodopa equivalent daily dosage, motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and ICB severity. Carer burden was quantified by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Univariate analyses were performed using the Spearman rank correlation. Linear regression was used to create a multivariate model for predicting ZBI.ResultsUnivariate analysis identified significant correlations between ZBI and patient total Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) (rs = 0.50), 4 NPI subscores (agitation/aggression, rs = 0.41; depression/dysphoria, rs = 0.47; apathy/indifference, rs = 0.49; and irritability/lability, rs = 0.38; all P < 0.02), and the carer 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28) (rs = 0.52, P < 0.0005). Multivariate linear regression retained total NPI and GHQ‐28 scores and were collectively predictive of 36.6% of the variance in the ZBI.ConclusionsOur study suggests that depressive symptoms and aspects of executive dysfunction (apathy and disinhibition) in the patient are potential drivers of carer burden in patients with ICBs. Such findings suggest the presence of executive difficulties and/or mood disturbance should point the clinician to inquire about burden in the caring role and encourage the carer to seek help for any of their own general health problems, which may compound carer burden.
Associations of Meat and Fish/Seafood Intake with All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality from Three Prospective Cohort Studies in Korea
Authors: Chung Sangwon , Hwang Jin‐Taek , Joung Hyojee , Shin Sangah 
Published: June 2023

ScopeAnimal protein intake among Koreans has recently increased. However, there is limited evidence on the association of meat and fish/seafood intake and mortality.Methods and resultsThis study uses three representative prospective cohorts in Korea and 134,586 eligible participants are selected. Food intake is assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Outcomes are classified as death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all‐causes. Red meat intake shows a marginally negative association with all‐cause mortality in the median intake group and a positive association in the highest intake group. Processed meat intake in the highest quintile group is positively associated with all‐cause mortality compared to that of the lowest quintile group. Fish intake in the highest quintile group is negatively associated with CVD mortality in men, and all‐cause mortality in women, compared to those in the lowest quintile group, while processed fish intake has unfavorable effects on mortality. In addition, substitution of one serving per week of red and processed meat, and processed fish with fish is negatively associated with all‐cause and CVD mortality.ConclusionReduction of red and processed meat, and processed fish consumption or replacement of these foods with fish may be beneficial for longevity in Korean adults.
Influence of Channel Catfish and Channel × Blue Catfish Hybrids on Myxozoan Community Composition in Catfish Aquaculture Ponds
Authors: Stilwell Justin M. , Camus Alvin C. , Ware Cynthia , Walker Charles M. , Stanton James B. , Leary John H. , Khoo Lester H. , Wise David J. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is cited as the cause of proliferative gill disease (PGD) in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and Channel × Blue Catfish I. furcatus hybrids. Differences in host susceptibility result in decreased transmission rates, reduced sporogenesis, and lesser incidence of PGD in hybrid catfish. In experimental pond trials, continuous monoculture of hybrid catfish suppressed H. ictaluri abundance in pond systems compared to Channel Catfish monoculture. The present study examined differences in myxozoan community structure in catfish ponds stocked with Channel Catfish or hybrid catfish. Experimental ponds (0.4 ha) dedicated to Channel Catfish or hybrid catfish monoculture were maintained over three production cycles. Pond water collected during the spring of each year was subjected to metagenomic analysis by targeted amplicon sequencing of a diagnostic hypervariable region (DVR3) of the myxozoan 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Relative abundance of H. ictaluri was significantly greater in Channel Catfish ponds than in hybrid catfish ponds during years 2 and 3. In hybrid catfish ponds, H. ictaluri never exceeded 20% average relative abundance. Hybrid catfish ponds also revealed decreased myxozoan diversity and species evenness compared to Channel Catfish ponds, suggesting that myxozoan taxa associated with Channel Catfish may not be well adapted to the hybridized host. Results corroborate previous research indicating that hybrid catfish monoculture can suppress H. ictaluri compared to ponds that are devoted to Channel Catfish. These data imply that alternating catfish culture species in ponds (crop rotation) has the potential to mitigate PGD by precluding H. ictaluri from accumulating within ponds to levels associated with disease and catastrophic loss. Further, this work identified numerous previously unidentified taxa present within these systems that clustered phylogenetically with both catfish and noncatfish hosts. The impacts that these other myxozoans have on catfish health and production are unknown, but their presence indicates that myxozoan diversity within catfish aquaculture ponds has been greatly underestimated and is significantly influenced by stocking choice.
Emerging Relations among Cognitive Constructs and Cochlear Implant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Amini Andrew E. , Naples James G. , Hwa Tiffany , Larrow Danielle C. , Campbell Frank M. , Qiu Maylene , Castellanos Irina , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveHearing loss has a detrimental impact on cognitive function. However, there is a lack of consensus on the impact of cochlear implants on cognition. This review systematically evaluates whether cochlear implants in adult patients lead to cognitive improvements and investigates the relations of cognition with speech recognition outcomes.Data SourcesA literature review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Studies evaluating cognition and cochlear implant outcomes in postlingual, adult patients from January 1996 to December 2021 were included. Of 2510 total references, 52 studies were included in qualitative analysis and 11 in meta‐analyses.Review MethodsProportions were extracted from studies of (1) the significant impacts of cochlear implantation on 6 cognitive domains and (2) associations between cognition and speech recognition outcomes. Meta‐analyses were performed using random effects models on mean differences between pre‐ and postoperative performance on 4 cognitive assessments.ResultsOnly half of the outcomes reported suggested cochlear implantation had a significant impact on cognition (50.8%), with the highest proportion in assessments of memory & learning and inhibition‐concentration. Meta‐analyses revealed significant improvements in global cognition and inhibition‐concentration. Finally, 40.4% of associations between cognition and speech recognition outcomes were significant.ConclusionFindings relating to cochlear implantation and cognition vary depending on the cognitive domain assessed and the study goal. Nonetheless, assessments of memory & learning, global cognition, and inhibition‐concentration may represent tools to assess cognitive benefit after implantation and help explain variability in speech recognition outcomes. Enhanced selectivity in assessments of cognition is needed for clinical applicability.
Long‐Term Chondrocyte Retention in Partially Decellularized Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Bergman Maxwell , Harwood Jacqueline , Liu Lumei , Shontz Kimberly M. , Chan Coreena , Chiang Tendy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveDecellularized tracheal grafts possess the biological cues necessary for tissue regeneration. However, conventional decellularization approaches to target the removal of all cell populations including chondrocytes lead to a loss of mechanical support. We have created a partially decellularized tracheal graft (PDTG) that preserves donor chondrocytes and the mechanical properties of the trachea. In this study, we measured PDTG chondrocyte retention with a murine microsurgical model.Study DesignMurine in vivo time‐point study.SettingResearch Institute affiliated with Tertiary Pediatric Hospital.MethodsPDTG was created using a sodium dodecyl sulfate protocol. Partially decellularized and syngeneic grafts were orthotopically implanted into female C57BL/6J mice. Grafts were recovered at 1, 3, and 6 months postimplant. Pre‐ and postimplant grafts were processed and analyzed via quantitative immunofluorescence. Chondrocytes (SOX9+, DAPI+) present in the host and graft cartilage was evaluated using ImageJ.ResultsPartial decellularization resulted in the maintenance of gross tracheal architecture with the removal of epithelial and submucosal structures on histology. All grafts demonstrated SOX9+ chondrocytes throughout the study time points. Chondrocytes in PDTG were lower at 6 months compared to preimplant and syngeneic controls.ConclusionPDTG retained donor graft chondrocytes at all time points. However, PDTG exhibits a reduction in chondrocytes at 6 months. The impact of these histologic changes on cartilage extracellular matrix regeneration and repair remains unclear.
Unconventional microdomains of block copolymers
Authors: Woo Dokyung , Yoon Hyeongkeon , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) have attracted significant interest due to their ability to form various nanostructures, including lamellae, cylinders, gyroids, and spheres. But these nanostructures are only observed for limited range of the volume fraction of one block. Namely, lamellar microdomains are observed for symmetric volume fraction, whereas spherical microdomains are found for highly asymmetric volume fraction. To increase the potential applications of these nanostructures for next‐generation lithography, advanced optical materials, and high‐performance membranes, one should have these nanostructures beyond the limitation of the volume fraction. During the past decades, many directions, such as blends of two BCPs, design of complex chain architecture of BCP and introduction of favorable interactions between block components, have been suggested to greatly change the phase boundaries of conventional nanostructures. In this review, we focus on unconventional nanostructures, such as highly asymmetric lamellae, inverted cylinders and gyroids, and spherical microdomains at nearly symmetric volume fraction.
De novo design of stable proteins that efficaciously inhibit oncogenic G proteins
Authors: Cummins Matthew C. , Tripathy Ashutosh , Sondek John , Kuhlman Brian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany protein therapeutics are competitive inhibitors that function by binding to endogenous proteins and preventing them from interacting with native partners. One effective strategy for engineering competitive inhibitors is to graft structural motifs from a native partner into a host protein. Here, we develop and experimentally test a computational protocol for embedding binding motifs in de novo designed proteins. The protocol uses an “inside‐out” approach: Starting with a structural model of the binding motif docked against the target protein, the de novo protein is built by growing new structural elements off the termini of the binding motif. During backbone assembly, a score function favors backbones that introduce new tertiary contacts within the designed protein and do not introduce clashes with the target binding partner. Final sequences are designed and optimized using the molecular modeling program Rosetta. To test our protocol, we designed small helical proteins to inhibit the interaction between Gαq and its effector PLC‐β isozymes. Several of the designed proteins remain folded above 90°C and bind to Gαq with equilibrium dissociation constants tighter than 80 nM. In cellular assays with oncogenic variants of Gαq, the designed proteins inhibit activation of PLC‐β isozymes and Dbl‐family RhoGEFs. Our results demonstrate that computational protein design, in combination with motif grafting, can be used to directly generate potent inhibitors without further optimization via high throughput screening or selection.
A customized multimodality approach for prolonged air leaks (PAL) in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Bansal Sameer , Furtado Arul , Kalpakam Hariprasad , Loknath Chakravarthi , Mehta Ravindra M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractARDS in general and severe COVID ARDS (CARDS) is particularly associated with high rates of barotrauma. Two cases with severe CARDS developed bilateral pneumothorax with persistent air leak (PAL). Conservative management with prolonged chest tube drainage did not help in PAL resolution and both patients continued to be on high‐end ventilatory support. The course was further complicated by the presence of septic shock. The 1st patient was taken up for a challenging procedure after spending 23 days on the mechanical ventilator. Diagnostic pleuroscopy revealed left‐sided bullae and a surgical staple bullectomy was done. The right side showed a large bronchopleural fistula (BPF) on pleuroscopy, which was occluded using a customized endobronchial silicone blocker (CESB, described in 2018). This led to the reduction and finally, resolution of the bilateral PAL with subsequent removal of chest drains and weaning off the ventilator and oxygen. The second patient was managed with 2 CESB devices for occlusion of RUL anterior and posterior segment fistulae, followed by chest drain removal. These cases highlight effective out‐of‐the‐box multimodality treatment using a combination of interventional pulmonary techniques and surgical stapling for a life‐threatening bilateral PAL secondary to CARDS.
Teachers' multilingual beliefs and practices in English classrooms: A scoping review
Authors: Burner Tony , Carlsen Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed an unprecedented growth in the field of research on multilingualism in English as a second and foreign language (ESL/EFL) classrooms. This scoping review evaluates research conducted on multilingualism and the teaching and learning of English. Three search methods were used: a database search in three major databases for education; a manual search in six most prominent and relevant journals; and a citation search in the articles found through database and manual search. A total of 2282 articles were scanned. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and several rounds of selections, 56 articles were found relevant for the purpose of this review. The articles were analysed and discussed according to their research questions/aims, context and methods, evidence, and findings. The findings from the reviewed studies indicate that English teachers' multilingual beliefs and practices vary considerably within national contexts, that they possess more positive beliefs about multilingualism than what they practise in their teaching, and that translanguaging occurs mainly with reference to the language of instruction or students' first language. The study also underlines the importance of arriving at a shared understanding of research concepts when researching multilingual teachers and breaking down barriers between language subjects. Finally, there is little knowledge about the long‐term effects of various interventionist or long‐term continual professional development programmes when it comes to teachers' multilingual beliefs and practices.
Concentration estimates for functions of finite high‐dimensional random arrays
Authors: Dodos Pandelis , Tyros Konstantinos , Valettas Petros 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet be a ‐dimensional random array on whose entries take values in a finite set , that is, is an ‐valued stochastic process indexed by the set of all ‐element subsets of . We give easily checked conditions on that ensure, for instance, that for every function that satisfies and for some , the random variable becomes concentrated after conditioning it on a large subarray of . These conditions cover several classes of random arrays with not necessarily independent entries. Applications are given in combinatorics, and examples are also presented that show the optimality of various aspects of the results.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Ordered Structures: From Nanoscale Control to Macroscale Deformations
Authors: Yao Xin , Chen Hong , Qin Haili , Cong Huai‐Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlexible intelligent actuators with the characteristics of flexibility, safety and scalability, are highly promising in industrial production, biomedical fields, environmental monitoring, and soft robots. Nanocomposite hydrogels are attractive candidates for soft actuators due to their high pliability, intelligent responsiveness, and capability to execute large‐scale rapid reversible deformations under external stimuli. Here, the recent advances of nanocomposite hydrogels as soft actuators are reviewed and focus is on the construction of elaborate and programmable structures by the assembly of nano‐objects in the hydrogel matrix. With the help of inducing the gradient or oriented distributions of the nanounits during the gelation process by the external forces or molecular interactions, nanocomposite hydrogels with ordered structures are achieved, which can perform bending, spiraling, patterned deformations, and biomimetic complex shape changes. Given great advantages of these intricate yet programmable shape‐morphing, nanocomposite hydrogel actuators have presented high potentials in the fields of moving robots, energy collectors, and biomedicines. In the end, the challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field of nanocomposite hydrogel actuators are proposed.
Simulating a sterilization processing department to evaluate block schedules and tray configurations
Authors: Harris Sean , Nino Valentina , Claudio David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscrete event simulation is a well‐established tool for examining the effect of different operating room (OR) block schedules on various performance metrics within the OR suite and adjacent units. However, one unit that has rarely been studied is the sterilization processing department (SPD), which cleans and assembles reusable OR instruments. As part of a larger research study, we developed a series of OR block assignment models that sought to reduce the workload of the SPD and developed a tray optimization model to reduce the number of instruments on increasingly bloated instrument trays. While initial numerical experiments were promising, a comprehensive simulation model of the OR and SPD was needed to more thoroughly examine how potential changes to the block schedule and/or more efficient tray configurations could improve SPD processing times. In this article, we incorporate the SPD into an existing simulation model of an OR suite, which is the first of its kind, and examine the effect that different block schedules and tray configurations have on SPD processing times. Simulation results confirm earlier numerical computations. Furthermore, simulation results suggest that more efficient instrument tray configurations are a much better and more viable method for improving SPD processing time than reconfiguring block schedules.
Donanemab exposure and efficacy relationship using modeling in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gueorguieva Ivelina , Willis Brian A. , Chua Laiyi , Chow Kay , Ernest C. Steven , Wang Jian , Shcherbinin Sergey , Sims John R. , Chigutsa Emmanuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDonanemab is an amyloid‐targeting therapy that specifically targets brain amyloid plaques. The objective of these analyses was to characterize the relationship of donanemab exposure with plasma biomarkers and clinical efficacy through modeling.METHODSData for the analyses were from participants with Alzheimer's disease from the phase 1 and TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ studies. Indirect‐response models were used to fit plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p‐tau217) and plasma glial fibrillated acidic protein (GFAP) data over time. Disease‐progression models were developed using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.RESULTSThe plasma p‐tau217 and plasma GFAP models adequately predicted the change over time, with donanemab resulting in decreased plasma p‐tau217 and plasma GFAP concentrations. The disease‐progression models confirmed that donanemab significantly reduced the rate of clinical decline. Simulations revealed that donanemab slowed disease progression irrespective of baseline tau positron emission tomography (PET) level within the evaluated population.DISCUSSIONThe disease‐progression models show a clear treatment effect of donanemab on clinical efficacy regardless of baseline disease severity.
Lightweight and flame retardant fluorosilicone rubber composited foam prepared by supercritical nitrogen
Authors: Yu Zhen , Song Yifa , Yang Lijuan , Wen Shibao , Zhao Yingjie , Zhao Yongxian , Zhang Zhenxiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImproving the flame retardancy and lightweight of fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) foam is important for its application in aerospace, rail transportation, petrochemical equipment, etc. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as synergistic flame retardants, and the lightweight FSR composite foam with flame retardancy was prepared by supercritical N2 foaming. When there were 12.5 phr APP and 7.5 phr EG, the composite foam with density of 0.254 g/cm3 showed superiority in foaming performance and flame retardancy, and the limit oxygen index was 36.4%, the UL‐94 grade reached V‐0, the ignition time was 12 s and the fire performance index was 0.071 s·m2/kW. In addition, the aging, oil and solvent resistance of FSR foam was not affected. This work provided data support for the production and application of the flame retardant FSR foam.