bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional differences in agonist‐induced plasma membrane expression of Orai1α and Orai1β
Authors: Jardin Isaac , Alvarado Sandra , Sanchez‐Collado Jose , Nieto‐Felipe Joel , Lopez Jose J. , Salido Gines M. , Rosado Juan A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrai1 is the pore‐forming subunit of the store‐operated Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels involved in a variety of cellular functions. Two Orai1 variants have been identified, the long form, Orai1α, containing 301 amino acids, and the short form, Orai1β, which arises from alternative translation initiation from methionines 64 or 71, in Orai1α. Orai1 is mostly expressed in the plasma membrane, but a subset of Orai1 is located in intracellular compartments. Here we show that Ca2+ store depletion leads to trafficking and insertion of compartmentalized Orai1α in the plasma membrane via a mechanism that is independent on changes in cytosolic free‐Ca2+ concentration, as demonstrated by cell loading with the fast intracellular Ca2+ chelator dimethyl BAPTA in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Interestingly, thapsigargin (TG) was found to be unable to induce translocation of Orai1β to the plasma membrane when expressed individually; by contrast, when Orai1β is co‐expressed with Orai1α, cell treatment with TG induced rapid trafficking and insertion of compartmentalized Orai1β in the plasma membrane. Translocation of Orai1 forms to the plasma membrane was found to require the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, expression of a dominant negative mutant of the small GTPase ARF6, and ARF6‐T27N, abolished the translocation of compartmentalized Orai1 variants to the plasma membrane upon store depletion. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism that regulate the plasma membrane abundance of Orai1 variants after Ca2+ store depletion.
Reliability and validity of assessing lower‐limb muscle architecture of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using ultrasound: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Hui Dong , Ling Yan To , Shea Queenie Tsung Kwan , Nazari Vaheh , Zheng Yong‐Ping , Ma Christina Zong‐Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the reliability, validity, and level of evidence of applying ultrasound in assessing the lower‐limb muscles of patients with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodPublications in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched on May 10, 2023, to identify and examine relevant studies investigating the reliability/validity of ultrasound in evaluating the architecture of CP lower‐limb muscles systematically, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis 2020 guidelines.ResultsOut of 897 records, 9 publications with 111 CP participants aged 3.8–17.0 years were included (8 focused on intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability, 2 focused on validity, and 4 were with high quality). The ultrasound‐based measurements of muscle thickness (intra‐rater only), muscle length, cross‐sectional area, muscle volume, fascicle length, and pennation angle showed high reliability, with the majority of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values being larger than 0.9. Moderate‐to‐good correlations between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging measurements existed in muscle thickness and cross‐sectional area (0.62 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.82).InterpretationGenerally, ultrasound has high reliability and validity in evaluating the CP muscle architecture, but this is mainly supported by moderate and limited levels of evidence. More high‐quality future studies are needed.
Efficiency and Accuracy Evaluation of Multiple Diffusion‐Weighted MRI Techniques Across Different Scanners
Authors: Crop Frederik , Robert Clémence , Viard Romain , Dumont Julien , Kawalko Marine , Makala Pauline , Liem Xavier , El Aoud Imen , Ben Miled Aicha , Chaton Victor , Patin Lucas , Pasquier David , Guillaud Ophélie , Vandendorpe Benjamin , Mirabel Xavier , Ceugnart Luc , Decoene Camille , Lacornerie Thomas 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe choice between different diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) techniques is difficult as each comes with tradeoffs for efficient clinical routine imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) accuracy.PurposeTo quantify signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) efficiency, ADC accuracy, artifacts, and distortions for different DWI acquisition techniques, coils, and scanners.Study TypePhantom, in vivo intraindividual biomarker accuracy between DWI techniques and independent ratings.Population/PhantomsNIST diffusion phantom.51 Patients: 40 with prostate cancer and 11 with head‐and‐neck cancer at 1.5 TField Strength/SequenceEcho planar imaging (EPI): 1.5 T and 3 T Siemens; 3 T Philips.Distortion‐reducing: RESOLVE (1.5 and 3 T Siemens); Turbo Spin Echo (TSE)‐SPLICE (3 T Philips).Small field‐of‐view (FOV): ZoomitPro (1.5 T Siemens); IRIS (3 T Philips).Head‐and‐neck and flexible coils.AssessmentSNR Efficiency, geometrical distortions, and susceptibility artifacts were quantified for different b‐values in a phantom. ADC accuracy/agreement was quantified in phantom and for 51 patients. In vivo image quality was independently rated by four experts.Statistical TestsQIBA methodology for accuracy: trueness, repeatability, reproducibility, Bland–Altman 95% Limits‐of‐Agreement (LOA) for ADC. Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank and student tests on P < 0.05 level.ResultsThe ZoomitPro small FOV sequence improved b‐image efficiency by 8%–14%, reduced artifacts and observer scoring for most raters at the cost of smaller FOV compared to EPI. The TSE‐SPLICE technique reduced artifacts almost completely at a 24% efficiency cost compared to EPI for b‐values ≤500 sec/mm2. Phantom ADC 95% LOA trueness were within ±0.03 × 10−3 mm2/sec except for small FOV IRIS. The in vivo ADC agreement between techniques, however, resulted in 95% LOAs in the order of ±0.3 × 10−3 mm2/sec with up to 0.2 × 10−3 mm2/sec of bias.Data ConclusionZoomitPro for Siemens and TSE SPLICE for Philips resulted in a trade‐off between efficiency and artifacts. Phantom ADC quality control largely underestimated in vivo accuracy: significant ADC bias and variability was found between techniques in vivo.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Tropical cyclones and depressions over the South Pacific Ocean since the late 19th century: Assessing synergistic relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Yeasmin Alea , Chand Savin , Sultanova Nargiz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical depressions (TDs), hereafter collectively referred to as tropical storms, often exhibit large year‐to‐year variability in the South Pacific Ocean basin. Many past studies have examined this variability in relation to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, particularly using observational data from the post‐satellite era (i.e., after the 1970s when TC observations became more consistent). However, less emphasis is placed on how tropical storms are modulated at interdecadal and decadal time scales such as due to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This is because post‐satellite data are available for relatively short time period (i.e., post‐1970s), limiting our understanding of the IPO–TC relationship in the South Pacific. Here, using NOAA‐CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset, we reconstruct historical records (1871–2014) of TC and depression proxies for the South Pacific Ocean basin, and then utilize these reconstructed proxies to first understand the connections between TC–ENSO and TC–IPO over the 20th century, and then investigate the combined effects of ENSO–IPO effects on TCs and depressions. Results show that La Niña (El Niño) is more dominant on TC activity than El Niño (La Niña) over the western subregion 140–170° E (eastern sub‐region, 170–220° E) as expected. We also show that TC numbers are strongly modulated by the IPO phenomenon with, on average, more TCs occurring during the positive phase than during the negative phase of the IPO in both western and eastern sub‐regions. We show for the first time (using a long‐term reconstructed TC dataset) that the combined phases of El Niño and + IPO account for increased TC activity, as opposed to the combined phase of La Niña and −IPO, in the eastern sub‐region. Similarly, the combined phase of La Niña and + IPO, as opposed to the combined phase of El Niño and −IPO, account for increased TC activity in the western sub‐region. However, unlike TCs, the patterns of ENSO variability seem to be reversed for TDs. Changes in large‐scale environmental conditions, such as environmental vertical wind shear, low‐level cyclonic relative vorticity, mid‐tropospheric relative humidity and sea surface temperature are linked to the various modes of variability patterns and their synergistic relationships.
3D Raman mapping combined with FIB‐SEM on multiphase fluid inclusions: A tool to unravel complex phase assemblages
Authors: Aradi László E. , Spránitz Tamás , Myovela Justine L. , Guzmics Tibor , Patkó Levente , Berkesi Márta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we performed high resolution 3D Raman mapping on primary multiphase fluid inclusions from a granulite and an eclogite of the Cabo Ortegal Complex (NW Spain), the latter representing a former subduction zone environment. Several microns‐sized inclusions are great targets to test the advantages and limitations of 3D Raman mapping. We show how optical and Raman scattering properties of the phases inside the inclusions can affect the veracity of both 2D and 3D Raman maps. As an independent control, 3D Raman models were compared with focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy submicron‐scale slicing of three previously 3D Raman mapped inclusions, allowing us to optimize Raman spectroscopy data evaluation and provide volume proportion calculations. We found that a non‐optimized evaluation procedure might result in even an order of magnitude over‐ or underestimation of phase volume properties. We propose that correcting the Raman maps even with empirically determined Raman cross sections of the phases inside the inclusions can vastly improve the quality of the maps. The results provide valuable input data for thermodynamic modeling and draw implications for fluid/rock interactions.
Reducing the sink/source ratio of on‐date palm plants during fruit growth has physiological and biochemical impacts on the shift in source–sink limitations
Authors: Alikhani‐Koupaei Majid , Ehtesham Nia Abdollah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study examined the impact of reducing the ‘sink’ on the ‘source’ in On‐palms with a bunch number greater than eight. The capacity of leaves and fruit, as well as assimilate loading and unloading in phloem, restrict plant growth and yield. The study evaluated yield components, as well as photosynthetic and hormonal feedback, resulting from source–sink relationships.RESULTSDuring the mid‐Kimri, removing bunches from On‐trees stabilized yield components and fruit size, suggesting that On‐trees have a sink limitation. Bunch thinning boosted these indicators compared to normal trees with a bunch number between six and eight inclusive, indicating that On‐trees had source limitations. In mid‐Khalal, the treatments presented a type of source and sink limitation that is opposite to mid‐Kimri. The thinning techniques addressed the source–sink limitation by adjusting the additional carbon allocation. This resulted in an increase of non‐reducing sugars and starch in different organs, whereas reducing sugars decreased. These adjustments were made to reduce sucrose‐phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activity, raising invertase activity, lowering indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid hormone levels in fruits, as well as lowering trehalose production in organs. Levels of hormones, enzymes, and trehalose showed less variation during bunch thinning and source limitation compared to bunch removal and sink limitation.CONCLUSIONAt Rutab, thinning types demonstrated the source limitation of On‐trees. Bunch removal and bunch thinning by removing the source–sink limitation had the greatest effect on increasing yield components and fruit size, respectively. To improve the quality and quantity of fruit, it is important to use both thinning techniques simultaneously. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intra‐Sonographer Correlation Between Transabdominal and Transvaginal Cervical Length Measurements and Associated Patient Demographics
Authors: Peterson Jessica A. , Smolar Isaiah , Stoffels Guillaume , Bianco Angela 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo assess transvaginal (TV) and transabdominal (TA) cervical length (CL) measurements' variability and patient factors associated with TA CL accuracy. We hypothesized that patient factors would affect the accuracy of TA CL.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. During anatomy ultrasound, TA and TV CL measurements were obtained, distance from placental edge to internal cervical os assessed, and demographic questionnaires completed. Patients between 18 to 22 weeks and 6 days were included and those <18 year old or with a twin gestation were excluded. TA CL >0.5 cm different from TV length was considered inaccurate.ResultsA total of 530 patients were included. Exactly 18.7% had a prior cesarean, 9.8% a preterm birth, and 2.2% a cervical procedure. Mean age and BMI were 31.1 years and 27.8 kg/m2. Median number of living children was one. Median TA and TV CL were 3.42 and 3.53 cm. Exactly 36% (95% CI: 32–40%) of TA CL measurements were inaccurate. CL of 3.4 cm corresponded to a mean difference of zero between TA and TV CL. TA ultrasound had a sensitivity of 25% and a specificity of 98.5% to detect TV CL <2.5 cm. On multivariable analyses, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with inaccurate TA measurement (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24–0.96, P = .04).ConclusionsOn average, TA CL underestimates TV CL when TV CL >3.40 cm and overestimates TV CL when TV CL <3.40 cm. Additional co‐variates did not impact accuracy. TA ultrasound has low sensitivity to predict short cervix. Relying solely on TA CL to identify those who need intervention may miss diagnoses. It may be reasonable to develop protocols in which TV CL is used for TA CL <3.4 cm.
On the Fisher‐KPP model with nonlocal nonlinear sources
Authors: Bian Shen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cauchy problem considered in this paper is the following:

where . When the coefficient remains positive, (1) is analogous to

It is well known that when , the local solution of (2) blows up in finite time as long as the initial value is nontrivial. The main aim of this paper is to obtain sufficient conditions for global existence of solutions to (1) for and thus it forms a contrast to (2). The exponent produces an exact balance in the mass‐invariant scaling of diffusion and growth in (1). In particular, we prove that if , and
where is the sharp constant of the inequality , then (1) admits a global classical solution. Moreover, the long time behavior of the solution is also discussed. In addition, we prove that when , the problem is solvable globally in time without any restriction on the initial data.
Molecular Simulation of the Crystallization of Polyethylene Nanocomposites: The Effect of Surface Affinity of Nanofillers
Authors: Rueangsri Kanokporn , Vao‐soongnern Visit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation of coarse‐grained models is used to investigate the effect of polymer–nanofiller interaction on the structural formation of polyethylene nanocomposites with stepwise cooling from the melts. Polyethylene (PE) is represented by the rotational isomeric state (RIS) model and the Lennard–Jones potential function for intrachain energetics and non‐bonded interactions, respectively. Crystallization is monitored using the fraction of trans state and the orientation order parameter at bond and chain scale. The results show that PE nanocomposites with repulsive polymer–surface interaction can enhance faster structural formation and induce larger degree of the ordered structures. On the other hand, nanofiller with attractive polymer–surface interaction causes the chain with lower amount of trans conformation resulted in less ordered structures.
Characterization of Unsaturated Polymers Using High‐Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with Ultraviolet‐Evaporative Light Scattering Dual Detection
Authors: Deshmukh Subrajeet , Arndt Jan‐Hendrik , Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSize exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a technique routinely used at high temperature to analyze the molar mass distribution (MMD) in polymers. The distribution of comonomer along the molar mass axis in a copolymer is a key microstructural feature that determines the macroscopic properties of the material and thus its range of possible applications. However, unsaturated polymers requiring high dissolution temperature, measurement of chemical composition distribution (CCD) along the molar mass axis, have so far been hampered by the lack of suitable detection methods. Toward this goal, the potential of ultraviolet (UV) detection for high temperature SEC of ethylene‐styrene, propylene‐styrene copolymers, and ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymers is investigated. The influence of experimental parameters such as analyte concentration, unsaturation content, and mobile phase on the spectroscopic response is probed. An evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is employed to monitor the analyte concentration, in combination with the UV detector, to quantitatively measure the distribution of unsaturation content along the MMD. A slice‐by‐slice UV/ELSD ratio is calculated to determine the average chemical composition of each molar mass fraction after SEC separation.
Peanut Shells Cellulose Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
Authors: Pokhrel Shanta , Karki Pratima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCellulose is the most abundant plant based biopolymer on earth which provides excellent properties to polymer nanocomposites such as high mechanical properties, high strength, low thermal expansion properties, low density, and biodegradability. The recent demand in materials research is to develop smart materials which comprise excellent features such as enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability, biodegradability, being eco‐friendly, and low‐cost. Therefore, the objective of this research is to extract cellulose fibers from agricultural waste, i.e., peanut shell as an abundant source of agricultural byproducts and explore the potentiality of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/cellulose blends as an alternative of conventional plastics. The blend which has higher concentration of cellulose shows the higher acid absorption. FT‐IR of PVA/PVP/cellulose confirms the good interaction between the constituents of the blend. Antimicrobial activities of cellulose and their blend with polymer are evaluated and found maximum against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) than the Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). Degradation behavior of blend is found directly proportional to cellulose content, i.e., highest shown by 20% cellulose film. Hence, PVP/PVA/cellulose blends show desired degradable properties and hence can be an alternative for use of conventional plastics.
Biomarkers of ageing: Current state‐of‐art, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Chen Ruiye , Wang Yueye , Zhang Shiran , Bulloch Gabriella , Zhang Junyao , Liao Huan , Shang Xianwen , Clark Malcolm , Peng Qingsheng , Ge Zongyuan , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Gao Yuanxu , He Mingguang , Zhu Zhuoting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven the unprecedented phenomenon of population ageing, studies have increasing captured the heterogeneity within the ageing process. In this context, the concept of “biological age” has been introduced as an integrated measure reflecting the individualized ageing pace. Identifying reliable and robust biomarkers of age is critical for the accurate risk stratification of individuals and exploration into antiageing interventions. Numerous potential biomarkers of ageing have been proposed, spanning from molecular changes and imaging characteristics to clinical phenotypes. In this review, we will start off with a discussion of the development of ageing biomarkers, then we will provide a comprehensive summary of currently identified ageing biomarkers in humans, discuss the rationale behind each biomarker and highlight their accuracy and clinical value with a contemporary perspective. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges, potential applications, and future opportunities in this field. While research on ageing biomarkers has led to significant progress and applications, further investigations are still necessary. We anticipate that future breakthroughs in this field will involve exploring potential mechanisms, developing biomarkers by combining various data sources or employing new technologies, and validating the clinical value of existing and emerging biomarkers through comprehensive collaboration and longitudinal studies.
Comparison of model‐free Lorentzian and spinlock model‐based fittings in quantitative CEST imaging of acute stroke
Authors: Wu Limin , Lu Dongshuang , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: June 2023

PurposeCEST MRI detects complex tissue changes following acute stroke. Our study aimed to test if spinlock model‐based fitting of the quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS)‐reconstructed equilibrium CEST MRI improves the determination of multi‐pool signal changes over the commonly‐used model‐free Lorentzian fitting in acute stroke.Theory and MethodsMultiple three‐pool CEST Z‐spectra were simulated using Bloch‐McConnell equations for a range of T1, relaxation delay, and saturation times. The multi‐pool CEST signals were solved from the simulated Z‐spectra to test the accuracy of routine Lorentzian (model‐free) and spinlock (model‐based) fittings without and with QUASS reconstruction. In addition, multiparametric MRI scans were obtained in rat models of acute stroke, including relaxation, diffusion, and CEST Z‐spectrum. Finally, we compared model‐free and model‐based per‐pixel CEST quantification in vivo.ResultsThe spinlock model‐based fitting of QUASS CEST MRI provided a nearly T1‐independent determination of multi‐pool CEST signals, advantageous over the fittings of apparent CEST MRI (model‐free and model‐based). In vivo data also demonstrated that the spinlock model‐based QUASS fitting captured significantly different changes in semisolid magnetization transfer (−0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 0.3 ± 0.8%), amide (−1.1 ± 0.4 vs. −0.5 ± 0.2%), and guanidyl (1.0 ± 0.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3%) signals over the model‐free Lorentzian analysis.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that spinlock model‐based fitting of QUASS CEST MRI improved the determination of the underlying tissue changes following acute stroke, promising further clinical translation of quantitative CEST imaging.