bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prediction tool to support engagement in HIV care among young people ages 10–24 years in Kenya
Authors: Wilson Kate , Agot Kawango , Dyer Jessica , Badia Jacinta , Kibugi James , Bosire Risper , Neary Jillian , Inwani Irene , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Shah Seema , Chakhtoura Nahida , John-Stewart Grace , Kohler Pamela 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALWH) is a barrier to optimal health and HIV services. We developed and validated a clinical prediction tool to identify AYALWH at risk of LTFU.

Methods
We used electronic medical records (EMR) of AYALWH ages 10 to 24 in HIV care at 6 facilities in Kenya and surveys from a subset of participants. Early LTFU was defined as >30 days late for a scheduled visit in the last 6 months, which accounts for clients with multi-month refills. We developed a tool combining surveys with EMR (‘survey-plus-EMR tool’), and an ‘EMR-alone’ tool to predict high, medium, and low risk of LTFU. The survey-plus-EMR tool included candidate sociodemographics, partnership status, mental health, peer support, any unmet clinic needs, WHO stage, and time in care variables for tool development, while the EMR-alone included clinical and time in care variables only. Tools were developed in a 50% random sample of the data and internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation of the full sample. Tool performance was evaluated using Hazard Ratios (HR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), and area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.7 for good performance and ≥0.60 for modest performance.

Results
Data from 865 AYALWH were included in the survey-plus-EMR tool and early LTFU was (19.2%, 166/865). The survey-plus-EMR tool ranged from 0 to 4, including PHQ-9 ≥5, lack of peer support group attendance, and any unmet clinical need. High (3 or 4) and medium (2) prediction scores were associated with greater risk of LTFU (high, 29.0%, HR 2.16, 95%CI: 1.25–3.73; medium, 21.4%, HR 1.52, 95%CI: 0.93–2.49, global p-value = 0.02) in the validation dataset. The 10-fold cross validation AUC was 0.66 (95%CI: 0.63–0.72). Data from 2,696 AYALWH were included in the EMR-alone tool and early LTFU was 28.6% (770/2,696). In the validation dataset, high (score = 2, LTFU = 38.5%, HR 2.40, 95%CI: 1.17–4.96) and medium scores (1, 29.6%, HR 1.65, 95%CI: 1.00–2.72) predicted significantly higher LTFU than low-risk scores (0, 22.0%, global p-value = 0.03). Ten-fold cross-validation AUC was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.59–0.64).

Conclusions
Clinical prediction of LTFU was modest using the surveys-plus-EMR tool and the EMR-alone tool, suggesting limited use in routine care. However, findings may inform future prediction tools and intervention targets to reduce LTFU among AYALWH.
The impact of socioeconomic status on changes in cancer prevention behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elsaid Mohamed I. , Zhang Xiaochen , Schuster Anne L. R. , Plascak Jesse J. , DeGraffinreid Cecilia , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe impacts of socioeconomic status (SES) on COVID-19-related changes in cancer prevention behavior have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a cohort study to examine the effects of SES on changes in cancer prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe invited adult participants from previous studies conducted at Ohio State University to participate in a study assessing the impact of COVID-19 on various behaviors. Post-COVID-19 cancer prevention behaviors, including physical activity, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and qualitative changes in post-COVID-19 behaviors relative to pre-COVID levels, were used to construct a prevention behavior change index that captures the adherence status and COVID-related changes in each behavior, with higher index scores indicating desirable changes in prevention behaviors. Participants were classified into low, middle, or high SES based on household income, education, and employment status. Adjusted regression models were used to examine the effects of SES on changes in cancer prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe study included 6,136 eligible participants. The average age was 57 years, 67% were women, 89% were non-Hispanic Whites, and 33% lived in non-metro counties. Relative to participants with high SES, those with low SES had a 24% [adjusted relative ratio, aRR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72–0.80)], 11% [aRR = 0.89 (95%CI 0.86–0.92)], and 5% [aRR = 0.95 (95%CI 0.93–0.96)], lower desirable changes in prevention behaviors for physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and tobacco use, respectively. Low SES had a higher desirable change in alcohol consumption prevention behaviors, 16% [aRR = 1.16 (95%CI 1.13–1.19)] relative to high SES. The adjusted odds of an overall poor change in prevention behavior were adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55 (95%CI 1.27 to 1.89) and aOR 1.40 (95%CI 1.19 to 1.66), respectively, higher for those with low and middle SES relative to those with high SES.ConclusionThe adverse impacts of COVID-19 on cancer prevention behaviors were seen most in those with lower SES. Public health efforts are currently needed to promote cancer prevention behaviors, especially amongst lower SES adults.
Access, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants: A rapid review
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Higinio , Zahoui Ziad , Jones Jennifer , Marfo Emmanuel Akwasi 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To conduct a rapid review and determine the acceptability, access, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants.

Materials and methods
A rapid review was conducted May 2022 capturing data collected from April 2020 to May 2022. Eight databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBase, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, LILACS, and the Web of Science. The keywords “migrants” AND COVID-19” AND “vaccine” were matched with terms in MeSH. Peer-reviewed articles in English, French, Portuguese, or French were included if they focused on COVID-19 immunization acceptability, access, or uptake among global migrants. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted data. Extracted data was synthesized in a table of key characteristics and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
The search returned 1,186 articles. Ten articles met inclusion criteria. All authors reported data on the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine, two on access, and one on uptake. Eight articles used quantitative designs and two studies were qualitative. Overall, global migrants had low acceptability and uptake, and faced challenges in accessing the COVID-19 vaccine, including technological issues.

Conclusions
This rapid review provides a global overview of the access, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among global migrants. Recommendations for practice, policy, and future research to increase access, acceptability, and uptake of vaccinations are discussed.
Predictive role of pretreatment skeletal muscle mass index for long-term survival of bladder cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Qian , Hu Jianrong , Yuan Feng , An Jingjing 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To identify the predictive role of pretreatment skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) for long-term survival of bladder cancer patients.

Methods
Several databases were searched for studies investigating the relationship between pretreatment SMI and prognosis in bladder cancer. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were defined as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined.

Results
Nine studies involving 1476 cases were included. The results demonstrated that a lower pretreatment SMI was significantly related to poorer OS (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.33–1.82, P<0.001) and subgroup analysis based on thresholds of SMI revealed similar results. Besides, pretreatment SMI was also obviously related to CSS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.36–2.25, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Lower pretreatment SMI was associated with worse long-term survival of bladder cancer patients.
Metformin and Other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir
Authors: Mohd Altaf Dar  , Mudasir Maqbool  , Irfat Ara  
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease that causes high blood sugar levels and a wide range of symptoms, including polydipsia, polyuria, and changes in weight. The A1C level is very important when it comes to the main treatment for diabetes. It's called the A1C level because it shows the average blood glucose level over the last two to three months. People with diabetes are treated with lifestyle changes and a combination of pharmacological agents to keep their blood sugar levels in check for a long time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the information about Metformin and other Sulfonylureas for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir.
METHODS
A 4 month-long observational study was set up with a prospective design and a convenient sampling method. From a diabetes clinic in Jammu and Kashmir, 200 people were chosen to be part of the study. People between the ages of 20 and 60 who had diabetes and were taking Metformin and Sulfonylureas were included in this study. People who had Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cognitive impairment were not included.
RESULTS
In our study, 34 percent of the people who went to the Diabetic Management Center of the hospital were men, and 66 percent were women. Out of 200 patients, 85 percent of them had time to exercise, 56 percent had diabetes because it ran in their families, and 44 percent had diabetes because of metabolic causes. Metformin was given to about 80% of the patients, and sulfonylureas were used by only 20% of the people. In a very bad situation, out of 50 people who took the survey, only 5% used insulin. HbA1C tests were ordered for 90% of the patients in the group of 200.
CONCLUSIONS
All over the world, people are suffering from type II diabetes. Several other metabolic disorders are linked to type II diabetes. Excessive hepatic glucose generation, peripheral insulin resistance, and impaired beta-cell secretory activity are the primary pathological abnormalities in diabetes. When it comes to glycemic control, Metformin does not raise insulin levels, but it does reduce the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines. Sulfonylureas reduce hypoglycemia in metabolic disorders.
FPGA based telecommand system for balloon-borne scientific payloads
Authors: Devarajan Anand , Bangaru Kapardhi , Ojha Devendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Telecommand (TC) plays a crucial role in the success of high-altitude balloon experiments. Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are commonly employed to ensure reliable command operation. The Balloon Facility (BF) of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) uses a TC system based on BCH (31,16) coding technique, to control balloon and payload operations. This paper presents prototyping and implementation of TC encoder and decoder using Spartan 6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The code is written in Very high-speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Simulation and synthesis are done using Xilinx ISE 14.7 design suite. Simulation results show the design is robust. The TC encoder is implemented in a commercial FPGA development board and the TC decoder is implemented in a specially designed FPGA board, successfully. This paper presents the salient features of the TC system in use and the implementation of the system using FPGA.
Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules for general linear supergroups
Authors: Li Yi-Yang , Shu Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let

G
=

GL
⁡

(
m
|
n
)

{G=\operatorname{GL}(m|n)}

be a general linear supergroup over an algebraically closed field

𝐤

{\mathbf{k}}

of odd characteristic p.
In this paper, we construct Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules

V
⁢

(
λ
)

{V(\lambda)}

for G when λ is a typical weight in the sense of Kac’s definition, and consequently obtain a sum formula for their characters. By Steinberg’s tensor product theorem, it is enough for us to study typical weights with aim to formulate irreducible characters.
As an application, it turns out that an irreducible G-module

L
⁢

(
λ
)

{L(\lambda)}

can be realized as a Kac module if and only if λ is p-typical.
On the Fourier orthonormal bases of a class of self-similar measures on ℝ
n
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Zhi-Yong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let

μ

M
,
D

{\mu_{M,D}}

be a self-similar measure generated by an

n
×
n

{n\times n}

expanding real matrix

M
=

ρ

-
1

⁢
I

{M=\rho^{-1}I}

and a finite digit set

D
⊂

ℤ
n

{D\subset{\mathbb{Z}}^{n}}

, where

0
<

|
ρ
|

<
1

{0<\lvert\rho\rvert<1}

and I is an

n
×
n

{n\times n}

unit matrix.
In this paper, we study the existence of a Fourier basis for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

,
i.e., we find a discrete set Λ such that

E
Λ

=

{

e

2
⁢
π
⁢
i
⁢

〈
λ
,
x
〉

:

λ
∈
Λ

}

{E_{\Lambda}=\{e^{2\pi i\langle\lambda,x\rangle}:\lambda\in\Lambda\}}

is an orthonormal basis for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

. Under some suitable conditions for D, some necessary and sufficient conditions for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

to admit infinite orthogonal exponential functions are given. Then we set up a framework to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

to have a Fourier basis.
Finally, we demonstrate how these results can be applied to self-similar measures.
Nanocrystalline PbS thin film produced by alkaline chemical bath deposition: effect of inhibitor levels and temperature on the physicochemical properties
Authors: Şimşek Veli , Çağlayan Mustafa Oğuzhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, nanocrystalline PbS film coating on a glass slide was done using the chemical bath deposition method. PbS film was deposited in an alkaline solution using Pb(NO3)2, CS(NH2)2, and the inhibitor (Na2S2O3) for 30–120 min at room temperature (25 °C) and 40 °C, and inhibitor levels were investigated in the range of 3.2 mM–12.7 mM. The physicochemical properties of the obtained thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, MAPPING, atomic force microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle and X-ray diffraction analyses. The relationship between nanocrystallite size, distribution, pin-hole development, and synthesis conditions were examined using image processing and surface response methodology. The band gap of the produced PbS thin film was calculated using FT-IR analysis results (0.41 eV).
Closed form soliton solutions to the space-time fractional foam drainage equation and coupled mKdV evolution equations
Authors: İlhan Onur Alp , Benli Fatma Berna , Islam M. Nurul , Akbar M. Ali , Baskonus Haci Mehmet 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fractional nonlinear evolution equations concerning conformable fractional derivative are effective models to interpret intricate physical phenomena in the real world. The space-time fractional foam drainage equation and the coupled mKdV equations with conformable fractional derivative are important model equations for shallow water waves, the waves of flow of liquid between bubbles, the capillary waves, the waves of foam density, the electro-hydro-dynamical model, the ion acoustic plasma waves etc. In this study, we extract the functional and further general exact wave solutions comprising the rational, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions to the above stated models taking the advantage of the auxiliary equation method with the assistance of the fractional complex transformation. The method is convenient, reliable and delivers fresh and useful solutions to fractional differential equations ascend in physical and engineering sciences. We depict figures of the obtained solutions in order to illustrate the inner structure associated to the phenomena.
The development and validation of a C-test and a pseudo-character test for online CFL assessment
Authors: Yang Xuan , Osborne Caitríona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Taking inspiration from a popular online English test, this study first documents the development of an achievement test containing a newly developed C-test and pseudo-character test for beginner-level Chinese learners. Then, based on the test results collected from 53 university learners and using statistical tools, analyses were conducted on its content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, difficulty, discrimination power, and reliability. Results indicate that this new achievement test has relatively satisfactory reliability and validity, with only minor issues that need to be addressed in future studies. Situated in the context of language assessment, the study sheds light on the application of the C-test and a pseudo-character section in both face-to-face and at-distance Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) classrooms. Furthermore, the study also provides practical and applicable methods for CFL teachers to develop their own assessments.
B-pillar design optimization under a crushing load
Authors: Öztürk İsmail , Başkara Tayfun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
B-pillars designed from B1500HS boron steel were compared for roof crushing situations for three different hardness values in the study’s scope. Simulations were also performed for designs where different parts of the B-pillar have different hardness values (tailored properties). For this purpose, roof crushing analyses were conducted, and results were compared in energy absorption and peak crushing force. The highest peak crushing force was obtained from the upper part T25 and lower part T400 heat-treated B-pillar. Upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar gave the highest energy absorption value. Since the energy absorption value of the upper part T25 and lower part T400 heat-treated B-pillar is low, the upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar provides the second-highest peak crushing force was chosen for use in the optimization. Single and multi-objective optimization studies were conducted to maximize peak crushing force and specific energy absorption for the upper part T400 and lower part T25 heat-treated B-pillar. The optimal B-pillar with tailored properties has an advantage over the base B-pillar, which could be used for B-pillar design.
Exploratory Investigation Into the Impact of Bilateral and Unilateral Jump Characteristics on Ground Reaction Force Applications in Baseball Pitching
Authors: Lis Ryan , Szymanski David J. , Qiao Mu , Crotin Ryan L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lis, R, Szymanski, DJ, Qiao, M, and Crotin, RL. An exploratory investigation into the impact of bilateral and unilateral jump characteristics on ground reaction force applications in baseball pitching. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Jump tests are effective, valid, and reliable in examining lower-body power that can influence ground reaction forces (GRFs) in baseball pitching. Relationships between drive and stride leg GRFs and fastball velocities while pitching from the wind-up and stretch were evaluated for performance influences across the following conditions: (a) lower-body GRFs from unilateral countermovement jumps (UCMJ) and bilateral countermovement jumps (BCMJ) and (b) BCMJ and drive and stride leg UCMJ height. Nineteen Division I collegiate baseball pitchers (age; 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height; 1.86 ± 0.06 m, body mass; 90.7 ± 13.8 kg) completed BCMJ and UCMJ tests and threw four-seam fastballs from a pitching mound with 2 embedded force plates. Three moderate associations (r ≥ 0.47) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for BCMJ and UCMJ heights to pitching GRFs. Stride leg UCMJ height was significantly greater than drive leg UCMJ height, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.34. Wind-up and stretch GRFs were statistically similar. Fastball velocities showed a statistically significant association that was moderately high with wind-up and stretch stride leg anterior-posterior GRFs (r ≥ 0.65, p < 0.01). Collegiate pitchers jumped significantly higher with their stride leg, and the sum of vertical unilateral jump height of both legs was significantly greater (27%) than BCMJ height to indicate greater single-leg dominance in jumping. Although stride leg height was higher, improving stride leg jumping performance may be functionally more important in producing greater momentum into foot strike that has the potential to increase fastball velocity.
Effect of the Intrasession Exercise Order of Flywheel Resistance and High-Intensity Interval Training on Maximal Strength and Power Performance in Elite Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Petré Henrik , Ovendal Alexander , Westblad Niklas , Ten Siethoff Lasse , Rosdahl Hans , Psilander Niklas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Petré, H, Ovendal, A, Westblad, N, Ten Siethoff, L, Rosdahl, H, and Psilander, N. Effect of the intrasession exercise order of flywheel resistance and high-intensity interval training on maximal strength and power performance in elite team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to investigate the effect of intrasession exercise order of maximal effort flywheel resistance training (RT; 4 × 6 repetitions [rep]) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 2–4 × 8 rep of 20 second at 130% of Watt at V̇o
2max [wV̇o
2max]), on the development of maximal strength and power in elite team-sport athletes. A 7-week training intervention involving 2 training sessions per week of either HIIT followed by RT (HIIT + RT, n = 8), RT followed by HIIT (RT + HIIT, n = 8), or RT alone (RT, n = 7) was conducted in 23 elite male bandy players (24.7 ± 4.3 years). Power and work were continuously measured during the flywheel RT. Isometric squat strength (ISq), countermovement jump, squat jump, and V̇o
2max were measured before and after the training period. Power output during training differed between the groups (p = 0.013,

= 0.365) with RT producing more power than HIIT + RT (p = 0.005). ISq improved following RT + HIIT (∼80%, d = 2.10, p = 0.001) and following HIIT + RT (∼40%, d = 1.64, p = 0.005), and RT alone (∼70%, d = 1.67, p = 0.004). V̇o
2max increased following RT + HIIT and HIIT + RT (∼10%, d = 1.98, p = 0.001 resp. d = 2.08, p = 0.001). HIIT before RT reduced power output during RT in elite team-sport athletes but did not lead to blunted development of maximal strength or power after a 7-week training period. During longer training periods (>7-weeks), it may be advantageous to schedule RT before HIIT because the negative effect of HIIT + RT on training quality increased during the final weeks of training. In addition, the largest training effect on maximal strength was observed following RT + HIIT.