bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-gap esophageal atresia: management, most frequent complications, and expert recommendations – review of literature
Authors: Kędzierska Zofia , Dadas Klaudia , Żurek Urszula , Tołwiński Ignacy , Świercz Aleksandra , Małachowska Dominika , Ciecierski-Koźlarek Hubert , Antkowiak Klaudia , Shved Kateryna 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and aim of the study. Long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) is a congenital anomaly in which the gap between both ends of the esophagus exceeds three intervertebral spaces and is an esophageal atresia without air in the abdomen. The defect is both therapeutic and surgical challenge. This review aims at providing an overview of the most recent literature on the effective methods for treatment of LGEA, and the most frequent complications and experts’ recommendations on this subject.
Material and methods. The systematic review was based on available data collected using PubMed database and the Google Scholar web search engine.
Analysis of the literature. There is no consensus on the ideal technique for surgical treatment of LGEA. There are two possible approaches for opening the thorax – thoracotomy and thoracoscopy. The techniques stimulating esophageal elongation include external and internal traction techniques, magnetic compression anastomosis and intramural botulinum type A toxin injection. Replacement methods are a viable option when it is impossible to preserve the native esophagus. Decellularized matrices seem to be promising in developing an esophageal substitute. Regardless of the surgical approach a common complication of surgical treatment is anastomotic stenosis which requires further surgical interventions.
Conclusion. Elongation techniques are effective in approximation of the proximal and distal esophagus. The future lies with tissue engineering and inventing an off-the-shelf esophageal substitute. The centralization of treatment is recommended. After discharge from hospital interdisciplinary outpatient assessment and care is required. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal mode of treatment and prevent complications associated with LGEA.
Multipotential properties of eugenol in pharmacology - comprehensive review of current state of knowledge
Authors: Łoś Tomasz , Bielawska Olga , Rogala Maciej , Lorenc Karol , Jabłońska Klaudia , Kuc Michał , Giżewska Kamila , Gulbicka Marta 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose: Eugenol is a well-known phenolic chemical substance that can be found in clove oil. Due to its multi-potential properties, it arouse more and more interest from scientists. The possibility of using it as a therapeutic substance in many diseases is being sought. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest information on eugenol, explanation its mechanisms of action and to demonstrate the expanding therapeutic potential.Materials and methods: The literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar was reviewed using the words: “eugenol”; “antibacterial”; “antifungal” ;“antiinflammatory” Description of the state of knowledge: Eugenol demonstrates many pharmacological properties, of which the most essential is the ability to inhibit the growth and eradication of many human pathogens. Its wide spectrum of action covers Gram-negative bacteria as well as some Gram-positive bacteria. Eugenol also represents fungicidal properties, and the mechanism of its action is seen in its ability to deform and disrupt the cell membrane of pathogens. After eugenol penetrates through the cell membrane excessive amounts ROS are formed and next fatty acids that build the cell membrane are modified, which ultimately leads to the lysis of the pathogen cell. Research on eugenol also proves its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by blocking cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. The effectiveness of eugenol is comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Summary: Based on the promising results of recent research on the properties of eugenol, it can be expected that in the future it will be used in the production of new therapeutic agents. However, it seems reasonable to conduct more large clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of eugenol before it is introduced as a therapeutic agent.
Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization study revealed the modifiable risk factors of urolithiasis
Authors: Fang Hailin , Deng Jiwang , Chen Qingjiang , Chen Dong , Diao Pengfei , Peng Lian , Lai Bin , Zeng Yongmao , Han Yuefu 
Published: August 2023

Background
Urolithiasis is a common urological disease with increasing incidence worldwide, and preventing its risk poses significant challenges. Here, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to genetically assess the causal nature of multifaceted risk factors on urolithiasis.

Methods
17 potential risk factors associated with urolithiasis were collected from recently published observational studies, which can be categorized basically into lifestyle factors and circulating biomarkers. The instrumental variables of risk factors were selected from large-scale genome-wide association studies (N ≤ 607,291). Summary-level data on urolithiasis were obtained from UK Biobank (UKB) (3,625 cases and 459,308 noncases) and the FinnGen consortium (5,347 cases and 213,445 noncases). The univariable and multivariable MR analyses were applied to evaluate the causal, independent effect of these potential risk factors upon urolithiasis. Effects from the two consortia were combined by the meta-analysis methods.

Results
Higher genetically predicted sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG, OR, 0.708; 95% CI, 0.555 to 0.903), estradiol (OR, 0.179; 95% CI, 0.042 to 0.751), tea intake (OR, 0.550; 95% CI, 0.345 to 0.878), alcoholic drinks per week (OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.987 to 0.997), and some physical activity (e.g., swimming, cycling, keeping fit, and bowling, OR, 0.054; 95% CI, 0.008 to 0.363) were significantly associated with a lower risk of urolithiasis. In the Multivariate Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) analyses, the significant causal associations between estradiol, SHBG, tea intake, and alcoholic drinks per week with urolithiasis were robust even after adjusting for potential confounding variables. However, the previously observed causal association between other exercises and urolithiasis was no longer significant after adjusting for these factors.

Conclusions
The univariable and multivariable MR findings highlight the independent and significant roles of estradiol, SHBG, tea intake, and alcoholic drinks per week in the development of urolithiasis, which might provide a deeper insight into urolithiasis risk factors and supply potential preventative strategies.
Inclusion of non-medical interventions in model-based economic evaluations for tuberculosis: A scoping review
Authors: Ramsay Lauren C. , Marina Richardson  , Miranda Rafael N. , Hassan Marian , Brode Sarah K. , Rea Elizabeth , Sander Beate 
Published: August 2023

Background
The economic evaluation of health interventions is important in priority setting. Several guidance documents exist to support the conduct of economic evaluations, however, there is limited guidance for the evaluation of non-medical interventions. For tuberculosis (TB), where equity-deserving groups are disproportionately impacted, assessing interventions aimed at addressing social risk factors is necessary to effectively reduce TB burden.

Objective
This scoping review seeks to assess the existing literature on model-based economic evaluations of TB interventions to gauge the extent to which non-medical interventions have been evaluated in low-TB-incidence jurisdictions. As a secondary objective, this review aims to characterize key features of existing economic evaluations of medical and non-medical interventions.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in the grey literature and MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, and PsychINFO databases to September 6, 2022 following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Eligible articles were those that used decision-analytic modeling for economic evaluation of TB interventions in low-TB-incidence jurisdictions.

Results
This review identified 127 studies that met the inclusion criteria; 11 focused on prevention, 73 on detection, and 43 on treatment of TB. Only three studies (2%) evaluated non-medical interventions, including smoking reduction strategies, improving housing conditions, and providing food vouchers. All three non-medical intervention evaluations incorporated TB transmission and robust uncertainty analysis into the evaluation. The remainder of the studies evaluated direct medical interventions, eight of which were focused on specific implementation components (e.g., video observed therapy) which shared similar methodological challenges as the non-medical interventions. The majority of remaining evaluated medical interventions were focused on comparing various screening programs (e.g., immigrant screening program) and treatment regimens.

Conclusions
This scoping review identified a gap in literature in the evaluation of non-medical TB interventions. However, the identified articles provided useful examples of how economic modeling can be used to explore non-traditional interventions using existing economic evaluation methods.
Clinical Predictors and Outcomes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Tracheostomy
Authors: Lamba Harveen K. , Hart Lucy D. , Zhang Qianzi , Loera Jackquelin M. , Civitello Andrew B. , Nair Ajith P. , Senussi Mourad H. , Loor Gabriel , Liao Kenneth K. , Shafii Alexis E. , Chatterjee Subhasis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Postoperative respiratory failure is a major complication that affects up to 10% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery and has a high in-hospital mortality rate. Few studies have investigated whether patients who require tracheostomy for postoperative respiratory failure after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation have worse survival outcomes than patients who do not.

Objective
To identify risk factors for respiratory failure necessitating tracheostomy in CF-LVAD recipients and to compare survival outcomes between those who did and did not require tracheostomy.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent primary CF-LVAD placement at a single institution between August 1, 2002, and December 31, 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching accounted for baseline differences between the tracheostomy and nontracheostomy groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify tracheostomy risk factors and 90-day survival; Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess midterm survival.

Results
During the study period, 664 patients received a CF-LVAD; 106 (16.0%) underwent tracheostomy for respiratory failure. Propensity score matching produced 103 matched tracheostomy-nontracheostomy pairs. Patients who underwent tracheostomy were older (mean [SD] age, 57.9 [12.3] vs 54.6 [13.9] years; P = .02) and more likely to need preoperative mechanical circulatory support (61.3% vs 47.8%; P = .01) and preoperative intubation (27.4% vs 8.8%; P < .001); serum creatinine was higher in the tracheostomy group (mean [SD], 1.7 [1.0] vs 1.4 [0.6] mg/dL; P < .001), correlating with tracheostomy need (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.21-2.56; P = .003). Both before and after propensity matching, 30-day, 60-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival were worse in patients who underwent tracheostomy. Median follow-up was 0.8 years (range, 0.0-11.2 years). Three-year Kaplan-Meier survival was significantly worse for the tracheostomy group before (22.0% vs 61.0%; P < .001) and after (22.4% vs 48.3%; P < .001) matching.

Conclusion
Given the substantially increased probability of death in patients who develop respiratory failure and need tracheostomy, those at high risk for respiratory failure should be carefully considered for CF-LVAD implantation. Comprehensive management to decrease respiratory failure before and after surgery is critical.
The Financial Appeal Bodies of the European Union: Nature and Future of the Appeal Panel of the Single Resolution Board
Authors: Lastra Rosa M. , Bodellini Marco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

936The three financial appeal bodies established in the EU (Board of Appeal of the European Supervisory Authorities, Administrative Board of Review of the SSM, and Appeal Panel of the Single Resolution Board) have certainly a number of advantages. Particularly, their technical expertise in matters of financial supervision and resolution makes them well placed to understand the intricacies, complexities and reactions of financial markets. The members of these bodies are individuals of high repute, with a proven record of relevant knowledge and professional experience and are not bound by any instructions, thereby acting independently and in the public interest. Yet, there are also drawbacks as the nature of these financial appeal bodies is hybrid, quasi-judicial, combining features from both advisory committees and courts of justice. Also, the legal regime applicable to these financial appeal bodies is both complex and not uniform. The rationale of the new European financial regulatory regime post GFC, which prompted the creation of the appeal bodies, resides in the primacy of financial stability and public interest considerations. Although there is no doubt that administrative decisions need to be motivated if they are to be reviewed, most of such decisions in the area of banking and finance are very complex and yet timing is crucial for them to be effective. On these grounds, legitimacy and accountability are of utmost importance for any democratic system to properly function; however, the more complex the activity, the more difficult it is to establish clear standards of conduct and specific outcomes.937
Some Reflections on the Standard of Review in the Experience of the ESAs Joint Board of Appeal and of the SRB Appeal Panel
Authors: Lamandini Marco , Ramos Muñoz David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

950In light of the experience we surmise that, in the EU law of finance, both for European courts and the BoA and AP the question is not about changing the standards of review as they stand; it is about ensuring that the standard of legality review is meaningfully applied, because the reviewing court or quasi court is capable of engaging in a dialogue with the supervisory institution in its own terms and challenge its reasoning, having due regard to all factual elements of the case. What kind of error of assessment counts as ‘manifest’ cannot be determined independently of the Court’s understanding of what falls within the acceptable range, which, in turn, cannot be established without reference to the court’s willingness to take an hard, or better said, closer look at all factual and legal elements of the reasoning. Thus, albeit with nuances often determined by the specific features of each case, in the supervisory and resolution context it seems to us that the marginal v full review debate is, in the Banking Union, more academic than practical and that a full assessment of facts, to the extent that procedural rules allow a proactive evidentiary role, Q&A and expert witness, and a stringent review of the interpretation and application of law (and thus of the substantive legality) is possible, and thus full legal accountability and full effective judicial protection is warranted.951
The Belgian Private Limited Without Capital: How is it Faring?
Authors: Culot Henri 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

1The new Belgian Code of Companies and Associations, enacted in 2019, abolished the use of capital in the limited liability company. This important reform led to various changes in the rules applicable to this type of company, although several aspects of the previous regime generally associated with the concept of capital still remain in place. This article briefly describes the changes made in 2019 (2.) but also recalls the rules that have not been substantially modified (3.). It then brings together some observations on the economic players’ behaviour after almost four years of practice under the new rules (4.).2
Sistematización de la experiencia obtenida sobre comercio electrónico en empresas agrícolas en Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos Moya Keylor , Mata Chavarría Francisco Javier , Hernández Ruíz Irene , Meza Chaves Karla 
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo presenta la experiencia en el uso del comercio electrónico que se ha desarrollado en apoyo a la comercialización de productos agrícola en Costa Rica en el marco del proyecto UNAPROPYMES: Incubación/aceleración de sitios de comercio electrónico para MiPyMES costarricenses en respuesta a la pandemia de la COVID-19. En este proyecto se desarrollaron cinco prototipos de sitios para comercializar productos agrícolas: tres correspondientes a grupos organizados de pequeños productores y dos de emprendimientos agrícolas individuales. Esto se hizo con el fin de brindarles a estos productores una alternativa ante los problemas de mercadeo presentados durante la coyuntura ocasionada por la pandemia COVID-19, mediante el diseño conjunto (codiseño) de sus respectivos sitios comercio electrónico. De estos cinco prototipos (resultado de la fase de incubación), solo tres han podido ser puestos en operación (logrados en la etapa de aceleración); sin embargo, uno de ellos tuvo que ser desactivado por solicitud de la organización a su cargo. Con base en la experiencia obtenida se presentan recomendaciones para el desarrollo de sitios de comercio electrónico para organizaciones agrícolas en Costa Rica.
Caracterización y construcción de un molino de martillos compacto para uso de laboratorio para homogeneizar fibras naturales de Elaeis guineensis y Acrocomia sp.
Authors: Aragón Hazel , Aragón Carlos , Miranda-Morales Bárbara , Sanabria-Sandí Farid Raziel 
Published: August 2023

Este documento proporciona una visión general de la construcción de un molino de martillos de tamaño compacto de bajo costo para uso en laboratorio. Reducir el tamaño de partícula de diversos materiales para estudiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas mediante la construcción de un molino de martillos. El molino de martillos fue construido con materiales que se pueden obtener en almacenes de equipos industriales y residuos vehiculares. La metodología de construcción se basó en la mecánica de precisión y la metalurgia. Desarrollos Tecnológicos Teck S. A. y el Laboratorio de Biomasa de la Facultad de Química de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, en 2020. Los materiales lignocelulósicos residuales se molieron del racimo vacío de palma aceitera de fruta (Elaeis guineensis), la cáscara de nuez de la palma de fruta Coyol (Acrocomia spp.), rocas, cáscara de coco, madera, lodo y escoria de aluminio. La construcción del molino de martillos es de forma compacta y versátil porque permite moler una amplia variedad de materiales para procesos de investigación que requieren la reducción de materiales orgánicos e inorgánicos. Debido a su modesto tamaño, se puede colocar en un laboratorio y dado que su fuente de alimentación es de 110 voltios, no son necesarios requisitos especiales.
Parental Vaccine Hesitancy in a COVID-19 World: A Qualitative Study of Midwestern Parents’ Decisions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination for Their Children
Authors: Beatty Simon , Macke Jamison , Griffin Kellie , Villwock Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

Introduction. With the launch of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines, a new cohort of people exist who do not consider themselves to be totally vaccine-hesitant, but are specifically COVID-19 vaccine (CVH) parents. There is a need to learn from CVH parents, to ensure their concerns are addressed allowing them to comfortably vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 virus.
Methods. Surveys were used to identify CVH parents. Via semi-structured interviews, we assessed the attitudes of CVH parents towards COVID-19 vaccination in children. An inductive coding method was used to analyze transcripts and develop themes.
Results. Fourteen parents were interviewed. 50% (n=7) had received the COVID-19 vaccine even though they had doubts. Six reported that education about mRNA vaccine production was helpful in deciding to get vaccinated. Parents were reluctant regarding pediatric vaccination due to lack of long-term studies and concerns about adverse impact on childhood development. As opposed to public health leaders like the CDC and Dr. Fauci, personal physicians were the most trusted source of information and direct conversations with them were the most influential.
Conclusions. Doctors are the most trusted source of information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Personal conversations with health professionals were the most influential factors in vaccine-hesitant individuals deciding to proceed with vaccination. Rather than broad public health messaging and advertising to increase rates of vaccination, these findings indicate that training for health care professionals in how to effectively counsel COVID-19 hesitant patients may be a high-impact area of opportunity to improve adherence to vaccine recommendations.
«ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ АТЕЛЬЕ»: ОМНИМЕДИА И ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПРАВА
Authors: БАТУРИН Юрий Михайлович 
Published: August 2023

Описаны этимология и история нового для теории и практики СМИ понятия «омнимедиа». Проанализирован смысл понятия. Объясняются технологии омнимедиа. Приведены примеры становления и практики омнимедиа. Показано, как на основе искусственного интеллекта с использованием технологии так называемых больших данных (Big Data) создается платформа для интеллектуальной среды омнимедиа, которые объединяют поиск, производство, подготовку «информационного пакета» для конкретного потребителя и доставку его в указанное время и в желаемой форме. Обсуждаются изменения и проблемы, которые ожидают право массовой информации и информационное право при переходе на омнимедийный уровень.