bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Information Sources in Vaccine Decision-Making Among Four Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in the U.S.
Authors: Ahmed Rukhsana , Refki Dina , Altarriba Jeanette , Sa Erting , Avery Mary C. , Abdelkarim Sana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explored the role of information sources in vaccine decision-making among four culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities—Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, and Spanish-speaking in the U.S. Specifically, research questions focused on examining: (a) the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 and whether it differs across members of the four CALD communities; (b) if they find health information that they trust and if there are differences between the ability to find this health information and their vaccination status; and (c) health information sources COVID-19 vaccinated and intended-to-be vaccinated members of the four CALD communities use on a regular basis and this information use compared across the members of these communities. Analysis of survey responses (N = 318) demonstrated that obtaining trusted health information contributed to COVID-19 vaccination decisions among members of the four CALD communities. Vaccine recipients rely on multiple sources of information to protect themselves and their families against the risk for COVID-19. Healthcare providers and policymakers should target health information sources trusted by CALD communities for COVID-19 vaccine communication to these communities. These information sources can be more effectively leveraged to achieve increased diffusion of vaccine information and greater vaccine uptake.
The BIAS FREE Framework: A Tool for Science/Technology and Society Education to Increase Science and Risk Literacy
Authors: Wolbring Gregor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany academic and non-academic educational efforts are positioned at the intersection between science and/or technology and society with the purpose of increasing the literacy of students and others on the societal impact of science and technology and the ability of students to contribute to the academic and non-academic discussions around the societal impact of science and technology. To become risk literate of the social and other consequences of scientific and technological advancements is a critical aspect of scientific literacy. To be risk literate and to be able to identify biases in risk narratives is important for risk governance and risk communication, especially as it relates to marginalized groups. This chapter introduces the reader to the BIAS FREE Framework (Building an Integrative Analytical System for Recognizing and Eliminating InEquities, BFF) a tool developed for identifying and avoiding biases that derive from social hierarchies by posing 20 analytical questions. The premise of the chapter is that the BFF is a useful tool for educational efforts to enhance risk literacy of scientific and technological advancements including their risk narratives.
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage: Public Confidence in Risk Decision-Making
Authors: Larkin Patricia , Gattinger Monica , Bird Stephen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCanada has developed extensive expertise and experience in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Although CCUS has repeatedly been identified as an important option for carbon dioxide emissions reductions in the last fifteen years, it has not reached its potential largely because the technology faces challenges across a range of socioeconomic and political risks. This chapter identifies the key risks influencing public confidence in CCUS and government decision-making processes and develops recommendations for decision-makers to support public confidence in risk decision-making for CCUS. It includes in-depth interviews with decision-makers from a variety of sectors related to CCUS policy and implementation along with a comprehensive review of academic, industry, and government publications. Using the REACT framework of risk management tools (regulatory, economic, advisory, community-based, and technology), the chapter recommends a variety of risk management options that can help to strengthen public confidence in CCUS and regulatory frameworks underpinning its development. The analysis suggests that a wide variety of actions is needed in order for CCUS to make the contribution to climate mitigation that continues to be envisioned for large industrial sites.
Animals: Vulnerable Beings?
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses whether some animals fulfill the previously outlined conditions for vulnerability ascription. It shows that sentient animals do indeed have welfare interests and, sometimes, agency interests that can potentially be frustrated. It argues that speciesism—a prejudice based on species-membership—should be rejected, and that similar interests should have equal weight, regardless of their bearer’s species. This results in a list of basic claims on animals’ behalf that should be considered fairly by all moral agents: a claim to the absence of hunger and thirst; a claim to the absence of suffering (i.e., pain, injury, and disease); a claim to express and pursue normal behavior; a claim to the absence of discomfort, fear, and distress; a claim to lead a self-determined life; and a claim to continued existence.
Animal Research
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates whether animals used in research should be described as a particularly vulnerable group. First, it inquires whether research animals currently receive the protection they are due, and concludes that they do not. Indeed, it is shown that the research standards currently guiding animal research insufficiently protect animals’ basic claims. Consequently, many research animals can be considered particularly vulnerable, insofar as they run an increased risk of not receiving what they are due. Second, it argues that for animal research to be ethical, it must be made more similar to research with humans, and it is outlined what research respecting animals’ claims could look like in practice.
Factorization and complex couplings in SYK and in Matrix Models
Authors: Mukhametzhanov Baur 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We consider the factorization problem in toy models of holography, in SYK and in Matrix Models. In a theory with fixed couplings, we introduce a fictitious ensemble averaging by inserting a projector onto fixed couplings. We compute the squared partition function and find that at large N for a typical choice of the fixed couplings it can be approximated by two terms: a “wormhole” plus a “pair of linked half-wormholes”. This resolves the factorization problem.We find that the second, half-wormhole, term can be thought of as averaging over the imaginary part of the couplings. In SYK, this reproduces known results from a different perspective. In a matrix model with an arbitrary potential, we propose the form of the “pair of linked half-wormholes” contribution. In GUE, we check that errors are indeed small for a typical choice of the hamiltonian. Our computation relies on a result by Brezin and Zee for a correlator of resolvents in a “deterministic plus random” ensemble of matrices.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ deformed scattering happens within matrices
Authors: Shyam Vasudev , Yargic Yigit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We show the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation of two-dimensional quantum field theories is equivalent to replacing the spacetime dependence of the fields with dependence on the indices of infinitely large matrices. We show how this correspondence explains the CDD phase dressing of the S-matrix and the general formula for the deformation of arbitrary correlation functions. We also describe how the Moyal deformation of self-dual gravity is a $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation of the theory described by the Chalmers-Siegel action, where the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation is defined on the two-dimensional plane of interactions.
„Der letzte Weg“ – Suizid durch die Einnahme von Pentobarbital
Authors: Walle Nadja , Dörr Adrian A. , Potente Stefan , Schmidt Peter H. , Schäfer Nadine 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie humanmedizinische Anwendung von Barbituraten als Schlafmittel gilt heutzutage als obsolet. Während Pentobarbital in Deutschland lediglich in der Veterinärmedizin angewendet wird, nutzt man es aufgrund der bei Überdosierungen schnell eintretenden Atemdepression z. B. in der Schweiz bei Freitodbegleitungen oder in den USA bei der Vollstreckung von Todesstrafen. In Deutschland ist der Zugriff auf Pentobarbital für unheilbar Kranke mit Wunsch zur selbstbestimmten Einnahme mit großen Hürden verbunden. Der vorgestellte Fall zeigt, dass der „letzte Weg“ bei stark ausgeprägter Todessehnsucht dennoch unter Zuhilfenahme von Pentobarbital – auch in Deutschland – gegangen werden kann.
Review of Nature-based Solutions in Dryland Ecosystems: the Aral Sea Case Study
Authors: Alikhanova Shahzoda , Bull Joseph William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNbS have gained substantial attention in the academic literature recently as a potential approach for simultaneously tackling environmental issues and addressing societal challenges. Drylands, which are among the world’s most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change and cover a little less than the half of the global terrestrial surface, were the focus of this study. We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the potential opportunities for the application of NbS in rural drylands across the globe. We go on to specifically consider the possibility of applying selected NbS approaches in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, as a case study of a dryland ecosystem illustrating major environmental and social challenges. We highlight which NbS show the most promise in the Aral Sea region and conclude with a discussion of existing gaps in the literature on NbS in drylands, and opportunities for further research.
Can Short‐term Follow‐up with Ultrasound be Offered as an Acceptable Alternative to Immediate Biopsy or Surgery for Patients with First Ultrasound Diagnosis of BI‐RADS 4A Lesions?
Authors: He Ping , Chen Wen , Cui Li‐Gang , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relevant factors associated with malignancy in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) 4A and to determine whether it was possible to establish a safe follow‐up guideline for lower‐risk 4A lesions.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients categorized as BI‐RADS 4A on ultrasound who underwent ultrasound‐guided biopsy or/and surgery between June 2014 and April 2020 was analyzed. Classification‐tree method and cox regression analysis were used to explore the possible correlation factors of malignancy.ResultsAmong 9965 patients enrolled, 1211 (mean age, 44.3 ± 13.5 years; range, 18–91 years) patients categorized as BI‐RADS 4A were eligible. The result of cox regression analysis revealed the malignant rate was only associated with patient age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.038, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.029–1.048) and the mediolateral diameter of the lesion (HR = 1.261, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.159–1.372). The malignant rate for patients (≤ 36 y) with BI‐RADS 4A lesions (the mediolateral diameter ≤ 0.9 cm) was 0.0% (0/72). This subgroup included fibrocystic disease and adenosis in 39 patients (54.2%), fibroadenoma in 16 (22.2%), intraductal papilloma in 8 (11.1%), inflammatory lesions in 6 (8.3%), cyst in 2 (2.8%), and hamartoma in 1 (1.4%).ConclusionsPatient age and lesion size are associated with the rate of malignancy in BI‐RADS 4A. For patients with lower‐risk BI‐RADS 4A lesions (≤ 2% likelihood of malignancy), short‐term follow‐up with ultrasound may be offered as an acceptable alternative to immediate biopsy or surgery.
Male blue wildebeest increase activity during the rut, but not at the expense of rest
Authors: Malungo Illke B. , Gravett Nadine , Ganswindt André , Manger Paul R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRest is a state of adaptive inactivity that increases the efficiency of activity by regulating its timing and reducing energy use when activity is not beneficial. Thus, animals can go without rest when specific demands, such as mating, favour being awake. Sexually active male blue wildebeest (bulls) are typically territorial, and it has been reported that when a bull is protecting a harem during the mating season (rut), he neither eats nor rests. We examined the daily activity and inactivity patterns of dominant bulls by means of actigraphy for 3 months, which included the rut. We also measured faecal androgen metabolite (fAM) levels and subcutaneous temperature, both of which have variances known to delineate the rut. During the rut, wildebeest bulls experienced higher levels of activity, fAM, and a greater daily range of subcutaneous temperature. Despite previous reports, the male blue wildebeest rested daily during the rut, and while the amount of rest was low, it was not substantially lower than prior to the rut. The amount of time spent inactive increased substantially after the rut. The timing of daily activity and inactivity patterns did not vary substantially across the recording period. Across the recording period, the average daily ambient temperatures decreased (seasonality), and the subcutaneous temperature followed this pattern, although it was not as marked. It appears that in the post-rut period a substantive increase in time spent at rest occurs, potentially allowing the wildebeest bulls time to recover following a period of intense activity.
Nut and seed consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in females but not males: findings from the 2005–2018 NHANES data
Authors: Wong Tommy H. T. , George Elena S. , Abbott Gavin , Daly Robin M. , Georgousopoulou Ekavi N. , Tan Sze-Yen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the association between nut and seed consumption, both combined and separately, and metabolic syndrome and its components, including fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, and blood pressure.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from 22,687 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) involved in seven cycles (2005–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated by the Multiple Source Method using data from two 24-h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific effect estimates were obtained using logistic and linear regressions adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders.ResultsCompared to non-consumers, female, but not male, habitual consumers of either nuts or seeds had lower odds of having metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97). Both nut intake alone and seed intake alone were inversely associated with high fasting glucose and low HDL-cholesterol in females compared to non-consumers. When restricted to habitual consumers only, the combined intake of nuts and seeds at 6 g/day was associated with the lowest triglycerides and highest HDL-cholesterol in females. Combined consumption of nuts and seeds up to one ounce-equivalent (15 g) per day, but not in higher intake levels, was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol in females.ConclusionsNut and seed consumption, both separately or combined, below 15 g/day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its component conditions in females but not males.
Herzschrittmacherinfektion bei fragilen Patienten
Authors: Casorelli Ernesto , Pescatori Ilaria , Ruocco Gaetano , Bonnemeier Hendrik , Assadian Ojan , Bui Franco 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Komplikationen nach Schrittmacherimplantation sind vielfältig. Neben Dislokation der Elektroden, Twiddler-Syndrom, Fehlfunktion und Hämatombildung kann es zu Schrittmacherinfektionen kommen. Diese können in akute, subakute und späte Infektionen unterteilt werden. Sowohl der Zeitpunkt des Auftretens als auch der Infektionsweg spielen eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Folgen einer Schrittmacherinfektion sind verheerend. Zur leitliniengerechten Behandlung gehört die Entfernung aller implantierten Anteile des Schrittmachers (transvenöse und subkutane Anteile). Wird keine vollständige Entfernung vorgenommen, kommt es häufig erneut zur Infektion. Die offene Thoraxchirurgie zur Entfernung infizierter Schrittmacherkomponenten ist mittlerweile durch perkutane Extraktionsverfahren ersetzt worden. Die Sondenextraktion erfordert spezielles Gerät und Expertise, welche nicht immer vorhanden sind. Zudem ist sie nicht bei jedem Patienten durchführbar. Jedes Extraktionsverfahren ist mit einem geringen Risiko potenziell tödlich verlaufender Komplikationen verbunden (z. B. Einriss kardialer oder vaskulärer Strukturen, Hämatothorax oder Herztamponade). Aus genannten Gründen sollte die Durchführung solcher Verfahren spezialisierten Zentren mit entsprechender Ausrüstung und Erfahrung vorbehalten sein. In diesem Fallbericht werden die Schritte zur erfolgreichen Revision eines Herzschrittmachers bei einem fragilen Patienten ohne Möglichkeit der Extraktion erläutert, welcher sich mehr als 5 Jahre nach Generatorwechsel mit einer Fistel im Bereich der Generatortasche in unserer Ambulanz vorstellte.
Smell-related quality of life changes after total laryngectomy: a multi-centre study
Authors: Wong Eugene , Smith Murray , Buchanan Malcolm A. , Kudpaje Akshay , Williamson Andrew , Hedge Prasanna Suresh , Hazan Daniel , Idaire Jordan , Smith Mark C. , Sritharan Niranjan , Palme Carsten , Riffat Faruque 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A total laryngectomy creates an alternate airway for gas exchange that bypasses the upper aerodigestive tract. The subsequent reduction in nasal airflow, and therefore, reduction in deposition of particles to the olfactory neuroepithelium leads to hyposmia or anosmia. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life impairment conferred by anosmia following laryngectomy and identify any specific patient-related risk factors that are associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods
Consecutive patients with a total laryngectomy presenting for review at three tertiary head and neck services (in Australia, the United Kingdom and India) over a 12-month period were recruited. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, and each subject completed the validated assessment of self-reported olfactory functioning and olfaction-related quality of life questionnaire (ASOF). Dichotomous comparisons were performed using the student's unpaired t-test for continuous variables (SRP), a chi-squared test for categorical variables, and a Kendall's tau-b for ordinal variables (SOC) to assess for a correlation with poorer questionnaire scores.

Results
A total of 66 laryngectomees (13.4% female; age 65.7 ± 8.6 years) were included in the study. The mean SRP score of the cohort was found to be 15.6 ± 7.4, while the mean ORQ score was noted to be 16.4 ± 8.1. No other specific risk factors associated with poorer quality of life were identified.

Conclusion
A significant quality of life detriment from hyposmia is conferred following laryngectomy. Further research to assess treatment options and the patient population that would best benefit from these interventions is required.
Homogenisation of dynamical optimal transport on periodic graphs
Authors: Gladbach Peter , Kopfer Eva , Maas Jan , Portinale Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the large-scale behaviour of dynamical optimal transport on$$\mathbb {Z}^d$$Zd-periodic graphs with general lower semicontinuous and convex energy densities. Our main contribution is a homogenisation result that describes the effective behaviour of the discrete problems in terms of a continuous optimal transport problem. The effective energy density can be explicitly expressed in terms of a cell formula, which is a finite-dimensional convex programming problem that depends non-trivially on the local geometry of the discrete graph and the discrete energy density. Our homogenisation result is derived from a$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence result for action functionals on curves of measures, which we prove under very mild growth conditions on the energy density. We investigate the cell formula in several cases of interest, including finite-volume discretisations of the Wasserstein distance, where non-trivial limiting behaviour occurs.
Apprends-moi l'art des petits pas: Levodopa, Carbidopa Intestinal Gel plus Entacapone
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe are always looking for the big breakthrough, ideally a cure for our advanced Parkinson’s disease (aPD) patients. As long as this does not happen we must optimize the existing therapy, because many small steps may also lead to success. This also applies to the levodopa pump: Certainly, a very good therapy, but with small problems that we have to optimize. This involves, for example, the weight and volume of the previous pump. One possibility is to use the proven triple combination as intestinal gel, thereby increasing the levodopa plasma concentration. Increasing the levodopa plasma concentration enables the reduction of the given levodopa dose and hence the size of the pump. To learn more about the triple combination as intestinal gel the ELEGANCE study was started. This study is a prospective non-interventional study of the long-term effectiveness and safety of levodopa–entacapone–carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) in patients with aPD in routine care. This observational study is designed to collect data on the use of the drug Lecigon® in daily clinical practice. The study is intended to supplement the results of previous clinical studies with clinical data in routine medical care, collected from approximately 300 patients.
Retrievability in an integrated retrieval system: an extended study
Authors: Roy Dwaipayan , Carevic Zeljko , Mayr Philipp 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRetrievability measures the influence a retrieval system has on the access to information in a given collection of items. This measure can help in making an evaluation of the search system based on which insights can be drawn. In this paper, we investigate the retrievability in an integrated search system consisting of items from various categories, particularly focussing on datasets, publications and variables in a real-life digital library. The traditional metrics, that is, the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, are employed to visualise the diversity in retrievability scores of the three retrievable document types (specifically datasets, publications, and variables). Our results show a significant popularity bias with certain items being retrieved more often than others. Particularly, it has been shown that certain datasets are more likely to be retrieved than other datasets in the same category. In contrast, the retrievability scores of items from the variable or publication category are more evenly distributed. We have observed that the distribution of document retrievability is more diverse for datasets as compared to publications and variables.