bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated performance of the molecular mapping for young giant exoplanets with the Medium-Resolution Spectrometer of JWST/MIRI
Authors: Mâlin M. , Boccaletti A. , Charnay B. , Kiefer F. , Bézard B. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Young giant planets are the best targets for characterization with direct imaging. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to the first spectroscopic data for direct imaging above 5 µm with unprecedented sensitivity at a spectral resolution of up to 3700. This will provide a valuable complement to near-infrared data from ground-based instruments for characterizing these objects.
Aims. We aim to evaluate the performance of MIRI/MRS in detecting molecules in the atmosphere of exoplanets and in constraining atmospheric parameters using Exo-REM atmospheric models.
Methods. The molecular mapping technique based on cross-correlation with synthetic models was recently introduced. We test this promising detection and characterization method on simulated MIRI/MRS data.
Results. Directly imaged planets can be detected with MIRI/MRS, and we are able to detect molecules (H2O, CO, NH3, CH4, HCN, PH3, CO2) at various angular separations depending on the strength of the molecular features and brightness of the target. We find that the stellar spectral type has a weak impact on the detection level. This method is globally most efficient for planets with temperatures below 1500 K, for bright targets, and for angular separations of greater than 1′′. Our parametric study allows us to anticipate the ability to characterize planets that will be detected in the future.
Conclusions. The MIRI/MRS will give access to molecular species not yet detected in exoplanetary atmospheres. The detection of molecules acting as indicators of the temperature of the planets will make it possible to discriminate between various hypotheses of the preceding studies, and the derived molecular abundance ratios should bring new constraints on planet-formation scenarios.
Tabakrauchen und Krebsrisiko
Authors: Scherübl Hans 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungTabakrauchen ist die wichtigste vermeidbare Krebsursache in Deutschland. Je mehr und je länger jemand raucht, desto stärker steigt sein Krebsrisiko. Wird Tabakrauch kombiniert mit Alkohol, vervielfacht sich das Krebsrisiko. Bis zu 30 % der Krebstodesfälle können auf das Rauchen zurückgeführt werden. 23,3 % der 18- bis 64-jährigen Bevölkerung rauchen und weitere 11 % sind hierzulande regelmäßig einer Passivrauch­belastung ausgesetzt. Zu den Tabakrauch-assoziierten Malignomen zählen Karzinome der Mundhöhle, der Nase, der Nebenhöhlen, des Pharynx, des Larynx, der Lunge, des Ösophagus, des Magens, des Pankreas, der Leber, der Gallenwege, des Dickdarms, der Nieren, der Ureteren, der Harnblase, der Zervix und der Eierstöcke sowie Leukämien. Bei stattgehabter Tabakexposition soll den Betroffenen frühzeitig zu etablierten Krebsfrüh­erkennungsmaßnahmen geraten werden. Rauchern soll eine professionelle Tabakentwöhnung angeboten werden. Das tabakbedingte Krebsrisiko wird durch den Rauchstopp effektiv und zeitabhängig gesenkt.
Diagnoseverzögernde Faktoren bei hepatischer alveolärer Echinokokkose
Authors: Joos Natalie , Schmidberger Julian , Schlingeloff Patrycja , Kratzer Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel der Studie war die Analyse des diagnostischen Workflows von Patienten mit alveolärer Echinokokkose (AE) und die Identifikation möglicher diagnoseverzögernder Faktoren.
Methoden Untersucht wurden die Anzahl und Art der diagnostischen Prozeduren von Patienten mit der Diagnose einer alveolären Echinokokkose. Die Erfassung der Krankheitsvorgeschichte erfolgte auf Fragebogen-Basis, den vorliegenden Befunden sowie Datenergänzungen aus dem Patienteninformationssystem (SAP). Die statistischen Analysen wurden mit der SAS-Version 9.4 und der Microsoft-Excel Version-16.43 durchgeführt. Das Studienkollektiv der Querschnittstudie umfasste n = 109 Patienten mit einer bestätigten alveolären Echinokokkose.
Ergebnisse Die definitive Diagnose ‚alveoläre Echinokokkose der Leber‘ wurde nach 26,5 ± 65,0 (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung) Monaten (min – max: 0–344, Median = 3) gestellt. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten wurde wegen eines bildgebenden Zufallsbefundes der Leber diagnostisch abgeklärt (n = 74/109 (67,9%). Insgesamt n = 56/74 (75,7%) aller Zufallsbefunde wurden ambulant, in n = 15/74 (20,3%) der Fälle im Rahmen eines stationären Krankenhausaufenthaltes diagnostiziert. Im Mittel wurde für jeden Patienten 1,1 ± 1,2 (0–11, Median = 1) ionisierende Bildgebungsverfahren eingesetzt. Eine kontrastmittelgestützte Sonografie erhielten 0,3 ± 0,5 (0–2, Median = 0) Patienten. Fast alle Patienten (n = 104/109 (95,4%) wurden zeitweise mit mindestens einer malignen hepatischen oder extrahepatischen Verdachtsdiagnose konfrontiert. Ein Ausschluss des Malignomverdachts erfolgte im Mittel nach 4,1 ± 16,5 Monaten (0 –133,8, Median = 1).
Diskussion Der diagnostische Abklärungsprozess von AE-Patienten ist langwierig und belastend. Die psychische Belastung bei fraglicher maligner Diagnose ist erheblich. Der frühe Einsatz einer kontrastverstärkten Sonografie und gegebenenfalls die Punktion unklarer hepatischer Raumforderungen hilft, den schwierigen Diagnoseprozess zu verkürzen.
58th EASD Annual Meeting from 19 to 23 September 2022, Stockholm, Sweden (Virtual)
Authors: Hussein Wiam I. , Hassanein Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe 58th European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Annual Meeting was held between 19 and 23 September 2022 in Stockholm, Sweden. It was also fully streamlined online. The authors attended the conference, giving a narrative commentary on what they felt were the highlights of the meeting. Several interesting lectures were presented. The ADA-EASD hyperglycemia management consensus was among the landmark presentations. The development of a particular model that could predict severe hypoglycemia risk in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was interesting. The remission of T2D data from the ReTUNE analysis backs the “personal fat threshold” concept was very promising. Interestingly, a link between autoimmunity degree and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults' cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was proposed. A benefit of high-intensity exercise for people with impaired hypoglycemia awareness was demonstrated. The CLOuD, namely, early and sustained closed-loop therapy does not stave off β-cell decline, data were shared. Also, subjective energy levels were shown to predict CV events in T2D. Also, C-peptide may be better than C-reactive protein for predicting CV risk in T2D. Furthermore, a fatty liver index may predict mortality and CVD risk in people with T1D. New data suggest that topical esmolol hydrochloride might aid in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Finally, microalbuminuria in pregnancy forecasts adverse outcomes. We hope this short account helps those who did not attend the conference to get a glimpse of the program.
Lebanese Women's Awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Its Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmadieh Hala , Aboudib Khaled , Khalaf Iman Al , Dassouki Weam , Charbaji Loulwa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in females with many different presentations and potentially life-threatening complications. However, the awareness of females about this disorder tends to be lacking. This study aims to assess the knowledge about PCOS among Lebanese women in the reproductive age group.
Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 421 women aged between 18 and 51 years from all governorates in Lebanon. Participants signed informed consent prior to their participation, and they were selected through convenient sampling. A well-conducted questionnaire was utilized after the Institutional Review Board's Committee approved the study at Beirut Arab University prior to data collection. Data entry was completed with SPSS (IBM version 23.1) and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentages, chi-squared test, and p-values.
Results Among 421 participants, 75% were aware of PCOS. Around 50% knew about PCOS's various signs and symptoms, whereas only a minority knew about its complications. Furthermore, most participants were aware of the importance of lifestyle modifications in alleviating PCOS symptoms.
Conclusion The results of this study show that Lebanese women were aware of common symptoms of PCOS. On the other hand, their knowledge was minimal regarding its more complex manifestations and complications.
Clinico-Etiological Profile of Children Admitted with Head Injury in a Tertiary Health Care Centre During the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Puravankara Lemin Mohan , Peethambaran Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background The mechanism of injury, type of pathology, mode of management and specific problems, in the pediatric age group make these a unique population. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown caused a significant reduction in the number of road traffic accidents during the same period and the resultant number of head injuries in children.
Methods This was a descriptive study of 76 consecutive pediatric patients admitted with head injury between June and December 2020. Children under 18 years with head injury admitted in our hospital were included.
Results The most common etiology of pediatric head injury was found to be fall from height (61.8%) followed by road traffic accidents (27.6%). The most common age group affected was 1 to 5 years with a mean of 6.3 ± 5 years. Road traffic accidents were commonly seen in the 15 to 18 age group. The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of 1 (death) was seen in one patient (1.3%) and low disability in 98.7% of patients.
Conclusion Falls formed the most important cause of pediatric head injury during this pandemic, and carefulness on the part of parents can help avoid dangerous consequences for the children. Recovery with minimal disability was observed in approximately all cases in this study. The number of severe traumatic brain injury was very low in this study. This can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic causing significant reduction in road traffic accidents and the number of severe head injury
Comparative Study of Cerebral Perfusion in Different Types of Decompressive Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Choudhary Suresh Kumar , Sharma Achal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) brain usefulness in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still being investigated. Comparative research of CTP in the various forms of decompressive surgery has not yet been reported to our knowledge. Patients with TBI who underwent decompressive surgery were studied using pre- and postoperative CTP. CTP findings were compared with patient's outcome.
Materials and Methods This was a single-center, prospective cohort study. A prospective analysis of patients who were investigated with CTP from admission between 2019 and 2021 was undertaken. The patients in whom decompressive surgery was required for TBI, were included in our study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. CTP imaging was performed preoperatively and 5 days after decompressive surgery to measure cerebral perfusion. Numbers of cases included in the study were 75. Statistical analysis was done.
Results In our study, cerebral perfusion were improved postoperatively in the all types of decompressive surgery (p-value < 0.05). But association between type of surgery with improvement in cerebral perfusion, Glasgow Coma Scale at discharge, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended at 3 months were found to be statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion CTP brain may play a role as a prognostic tool in TBI patients undergoing decompressive surgery.
Influence of season on milk fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of grazing goats in a Mediterranean environment: a sustainable agro-food system
Authors: Lo Presti Vittorio , Tudisco Raffaella , Di Rosa Ambra R. , Musco Nadia , Iommelli Piera , Infascelli Federico , Grossi Micaela , Ferrara Maria , Chiofalo Biagina , Lombardi Pietro , Oteri Marianna 
Published: January 2023

Context Pasture is widely used in rural Mediterranean areas as a local resource for animal feeding in a sustainable food system. Aims The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of pasture from a Mediterranean environment on milk fatty acid profile and organoleptic characteristics in grazing Cilentana goats bred in Cilento (Salerno province, southern Italy). Methods Twelve Cilentana dairy goats, grazing on local feeding resources were studied for 5 months (from May to September), starting from 60 days after kidding. Bodyweight and milk yield were recorded, whereas milk samples were collected and analysed for milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile. Milk organoleptic characteristics were analysed using an instrumental sensory platform. Key results Season significantly (P < 0.01) affected the pasture fatty acid profile, with the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (64.83%) occurring in May. Results of the milk fatty acid composition, permitted to classify as ‘High quality’ the goat milks sampled in May and June, with the significantly (P < 0.01) highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 23.98% and 25.37%) and PUFA (4.74% and 4.43%) contents and lowest saturated fatty acid:unsaturated fatty acid (SFA:UFA) ratio (2.50 and 2.36), and as ‘Low quality’ those sampled in August and September with the significantly (P < 0.01) highest SFA (75.79% and 75.84%) content. Milk n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio was always lower than 4. Some sensory differences in milk organoleptic characteristics were detected by the artificial senses platform, which would be almost impossible to detect by a human panel. Conclusions Milk samples obtained from grazing goats were influenced by the quality of local feeding resources in terms of nutraceutical value and sensory profile. Implications Pasture influenced the composition of milk functional compounds, improving the UFAs and conjugated linoleic acid isomers, widely recognised as having beneficial effects on human health. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, lower than 4, confirms the positive effects of pasture on nutritional characteristics of goat milk and underlines the important role of pasture of marginal areas for the quality of livestock products in the frame of a sustainable agro-food system. Some differences were detected by the artificial senses platform among milk samples, which were almost impossible to detect by a human panel, highlighting the potentiality of the artificial senses to link animal-sourced foods to a territory.
Rubble pile asteroids are forever
Authors: Jourdan Fred , Timms Nicholas E. , Nakamura Tomoki , Rickard William D. A. , Mayers Celia , Reddy Steven M. , Saxey David , Daly Luke , Bland Phil A. , Eroglu Ela , Fougerouse Denis 
Published: January 2023

Rubble piles asteroids consist of reassembled fragments from shattered monolithic asteroids and are much more abundant than previously thought in the solar system. Although monolithic asteroids that are a kilometer in diameter have been predicted to have a lifespan of few 100 million years, it is currently not known how durable rubble pile asteroids are. Here, we show that rubble pile asteroids can survive ambient solar system bombardment processes for extremely long periods and potentially 10 times longer than their monolith counterparts. We studied three regolith dust particles recovered by the Hayabusa space probe from the rubble pile asteroid 25143 Itokawa using electron backscatter diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, atom probe tomography, and
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating techniques. Our results show that the particles have only been affected by shock pressure of ca. 5 to 15 GPa. Two particles have
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages of 4,219 ± 35 and 4,149 ± 41 My and when combined with thermal and diffusion models; these results constrain the formation age of the rubble pile structure to ≥4.2 billion years ago. Such a long survival time for an asteroid is attributed to the shock-absorbent nature of rubble pile material and suggests that rubble piles are hard to destroy once they are created. Our results suggest that rubble piles are probably more abundant in the asteroid belt than previously thought and provide constrain to help develop mitigation strategies to prevent asteroid collisions with Earth.
Improving the linearity of synaptic plasticity of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors via CdSe quantum dots decoration
Authors: Zhang Yantao , Wang Zhong , Liu Jia , Wan Xianjie , Yu Zhou , Zhang Guohe , Han Chuanyu , Li Xin , Liu Weihua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The linearity of synaptic plasticity of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (SWCNT FET) was improved by CdSe quantum dots decoration. The linearity of synaptic plasticity in SWCNT FET with decorating QDs was further improved by reducing the P-type doping level from the atmosphere. The synaptic behavior of SWCNT FET is found to be dominated by the charging and discharging processes of interface traps and surface traps, which are predominantly composed of H2O/O2 redox couples. The improved synaptic behavior is mainly due to the reduction of the interface trap charging process after QDs decoration. The inherent correlation between the device synaptic behavior and the electron capture process of the traps are investigated through charging-based trap characterization. This study provides an effective scheme for improving linearity and designing new-type SWCNT synaptic devices.
The smallest bimolecular mass action reaction networks admitting Andronov–Hopf bifurcation
Authors: Banaji Murad , Boros Balázs 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We address the question of which small, bimolecular, mass action chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are capable of Andronov–Hopf bifurcation (from here on abbreviated to ‘Hopf bifurcation’). It is easily shown that any such network must have at least three species and at least four irreversible reactions, and one example of such a network with exactly three species and four reactions was previously known due to Wilhelm. In this paper, we develop both theory and computational tools to fully classify three-species, four-reaction, bimolecular CRNs, according to whether they admit or forbid Hopf bifurcation. We show that there are, up to a natural equivalence, 86 minimal networks which admit nondegenerate Hopf bifurcation. Amongst these, we are able to decide which admit supercritical and subcritical bifurcations. Indeed, there are 25 networks which admit both supercritical and subcritical bifurcations, and we can confirm that all 25 admit a nondegenerate Bautin bifurcation. A total of 31 networks can admit more than one nondegenerate periodic orbit. Moreover, 29 of these networks admit the coexistence of a stable equilibrium with a stable periodic orbit. Thus, fairly complex behaviours are not very rare in these small, bimolecular networks. Finally, we can use previously developed theory on the inheritance of dynamical behaviours in CRNs to predict the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation in larger networks which include the networks we find here as subnetworks in a natural sense.
Anisotropic edge-preserving network for resolution enhancement in unidirectional Cartesian magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Shang Yaxin , Liu Jie , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Bo , Wu Xiangjun , Zhang Liwen , Tong Wei , Hui Hui , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging modality. It is crucial to acquire accurate localization of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles distributions in MPI. However, the spatial resolution of unidirectional Cartesian trajectory MPI exhibits anisotropy, which blurs the boundaries of MPI images and makes precise localization difficult. In this paper, we propose an anisotropic edge-preserving network (AEP-net) to alleviate the anisotropic resolution of MPI. Methods. AEP-net resolve the resolution anisotropy by constructing an asymmertic convolution. To recover the edge information, we design the uncertainty region module. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the proposed AEP-net model by using simulations and experimental data. Results. The results show that the AEP-net model alleviates the anisotropy of the unidirectional Cartesian trajectory and preserves edge details in the MPI image. By comparing the visualization results and the metrics, we demonstrate that our method is superior to other methods. Significance. The proposed method produces accurate visualization in unidirectional Cartesian devices and promotes accurate quantization, which promote the biomedical applications using MPI.
Pseudo standard entanglement structure cannot be distinguished from standard entanglement structure
Authors: Arai Hayato , Hayashi Masahito 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An experimental verification of the maximally entangled state ensures that the constructed state is close to the maximally entangled state, but it does not guarantee that the state is exactly the same as the maximally entangled state. Further, the entanglement structure is not uniquely determined in general probabilistic theories even if we impose that the local subsystems are fully equal to quantum systems. Therefore, the existence of the maximally entangled state depends on whether the standard entanglement structure (SES) is valid. To examine this issue, we introduce pseudo SES as a structure of quantum composite system under natural assumptions based on the existence of projective measurements and the existence of approximations of all maximally entangled standard states. Surprisingly, there exist infinitely many pseudo SESs different from the SES. In our setting, any maximally entangled state can be arbitrarily approximated by an entangled state that belongs to our obtained pseudo standard entanglement structure. That is, experimental verification does not exclude the possibility of our obtained pseudo standard entanglement structure that is different from the standard entanglement structure. On the other hand, such pseudo structures never possess global unitary symmetry, i.e. global unitary symmetry is essential condition for the SES.
Electron correlation dynamics in atomic Kr excited by XUV pulses and controlled by NIR laser pulses of variable intensity
Authors: Roos Andreas H , Hoque Ziaul , Klimešová Eva , Ben Ltaief Ltaief , Medina Cristian , Jurkovičová Lucie , Albrecht Martin , Finke Ondřej , Hort Ondřej , Nejdl Jaroslav , Mudrich Marcel , Andreasson Jakob , Krikunova Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have investigated the possibility to track and control correlation dynamics of valence electrons in krypton (Kr) initiated by the absorption of one extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photon. In this investigation, pump-probe experiments have been performed where monochromatized single high-harmonics at photon energies 29.6, 32.8, and 35.9 eV have been used as pump to populate different intermediate excited states. A temporally delayed near-infrared (NIR) pulse probes the population of various decay channels via the detection of Kr2+ ion yields and its transient profiles. We observe that by varying the NIR pulse intensity within a range from

0.3
×

10

13

to

2.6
×

10

13

W cm−2, the shape of the Kr2+ transient profile changes significantly. We show that by varying the intensity of the NIR pulse, it is possible—(i) to control the ratio between sequential and non-sequential double ionization of Kr; (ii) to selectively probe quantum beating oscillations between Kr

+
∗

satellite states that are coherently excited within the bandwidth of the XUV pulse; and (iii) to specifically probe the relaxation dynamics of doubly excited (Kr

∗
∗

) decay channels. Our studies show that the contribution of different ionization and decay channels (i)–(iii) can be altered by the NIR pulse intensity, thus demonstrating an efficient way to control the ionization dynamics in rare gas atoms.