bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isosteviol Sodium Promotes Neurological Function Recovery in a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhang Tongxia , Zhang Tao , Yu Han , Chi Lingyi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable condition that is the largest cause of disability. In previous studies, Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) has been shown to protect rats against acute focal cerebral ischemia; however, the effects of STVNa on SCI recovery in rats remain unknown.MethodsSTVNa was given intraperitoneally after SCI to see if it had any neuroprotective benefits. On Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post‐SCI, functional recovery was measured using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system along with the oblique plate test. Following these evaluations, spinal cord tissues were harvested for analysis. All behavioral testing occurred between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m.ResultsWe found that STVNa improved spinal cord functional recovery in rats, as evidenced by enhanced BBB locomotor rating scale, angle of inclination, decreased cavity of spinal cord damage, and neuron death in vivo. In addition, STVNa reduced inflammation in rats following SCI, as demonstrated by a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and interleukin (IL)‐1β. STVNa also reduced oxidative damage in SCI rats by lowering ROS while raising SOD levels.ConclusionThese findings suggest that STVNa protects SCI rats through a variety of pathways. STVNa, in particular, may benefit the recovery of SCI by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to enhanced locomotor activity in rats with SCI.
Evaluation of transplant pharmacist‐led post‐transplant hyperglycemia service
Authors: Ho Kevin , Cohen Elizabeth , Do Vincent , Girone Gianna , Marvin Jennifer , Belfield Kristen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionUncontrolled post‐transplant hyperglycemia (PTHG) can result in post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), therefore strict control of PTHG is warranted. PTDM affects 10%–40% of transplant recipients and increases morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine if pharmacy‐led management of PTHG through a collaborative practice agreement (CPA) improves glycemic control.MethodsRetrospective review of adults ≥18 years who received a kidney or liver–kidney transplant between January 2014 and December 2015 and April 2021 and October2022 in the pre‐ and post‐CPA groups, respectively. Inclusion criteria were patients started on any anti‐hyperglycemic agent within 1 month of transplant with 12 months of follow‐up. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an insulin pump, other organ transplants, or treatment with high‐dose corticosteroids for rejection were excluded.The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits within 6 months of transplant due to PTHG. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) <7% and discontinuation of insulin at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐transplant, and time to first documented ambulatory PTHG assessment. Data were reported with descriptive statistics.ResultsFifty‐one and 53 patients in the pre‐ and post‐CPA groups were included, respectively. Transplant pharmacists followed all patients in the post‐CPA group.The primary outcome occurred in three patients (5.9%) in the pre‐ and no patients in the post‐CPA groups (p = 0.083), respectively. More patients in the post‐CPA group achieved a HgbA1c <7% at 6 months (31.7% vs. 68.1%; p = 0.007) and 12 months (22.7% vs. 58.3%; p = 0.004) using the last HgbA1c carried forward. More patients in the post‐CPA group discontinued insulin at 12 months (7.1% vs. 30%; p = 0.02) and all anti‐hyperglycemic agents by 6 months (2% vs. 15.1%; p = 0.02).ConclusionThe transplant pharmacy‐led service increased access to care, numerically reduced hospitalizations and ED visits due to PTHG, achieved more HgbA1c <7%, and had less insulin use at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐transplant.
A comprehensive study on the effect of air gap distances on morphology and gas separation performance of cellulose triacetate/polysulfone dual‐layer hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad Hamad , Yeong Yin Fong , Chew Thiam Leng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDDual‐layer hollow‐fiber (DLHF) membranes possess various advantages over single‐layer hollow‐fiber (SLHF) membranes, such as use of brittle but high‐performance materials, greater flexibility in the spinning process, improved pressure resistance, and reduced substrate resistance. However DLHF membranes face challenges in the fabrication process. Key spinning parameters of DLHF membranes such as dope flow rate, take‐up speed, coagulant composition, and spinning temperature, are well studied in the literature, but the impact of higher air gap distance on membrane morphology and separation is less explored due to limited fabrication environments. Additionally, using different polymers for the outer and inner layers can reduce costs but often causes delamination, hindering DLHF membrane advancement. In this study, a new combination of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polysulfone (PSf) polymers was used to fabricate a delamination‐free DLHF membrane by varying the air gap distance in the range of 3–15 cm. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to study its effect on membrane morphology.RESULTSThe obtained results showed that the DLHF membrane spun at an air gap distance of 9 cm exhibited a CO2 permeability of 17.76 GPU (gas permeation units), and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity of 12.00 and 17.44, respectively, which were 377.32% and 579.68% higher than that of fibers spun at 3 cm air gap distance.CONCLUSIONIn this study, it can be inferred that 9 cm is the optimum air gap distance of the CTA/PSf DLHF membrane in terms of performance, thus making them a potential polymer combination for future DLHF membrane fabrication and gas separation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mechanistic insight into human milk extracellular vesicle‐intestinal barrier interactions
Authors: Luo Xiang , Zhang Yunyue , Ding Ning , Javorovic Jana , Raimi‐Abraham Bahijja Tolulope , Lynham Steven , Yang Xiaoping , Shenker Natalie , Vllasaliu Driton 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHuman milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mother‐to‐baby messengers that transfer biological signals. These EVs are reported to survive digestion and transport across the intestine. The mechanisms of interaction between human milk EVs and the intestinal mucosa, including epithelial uptake remain unclear. Here, we studied the interaction of human milk EVs with the gut barrier components, including intestinal biofluids, enzymes, mucus and epithelium. Additionally, we probed the endocytic mechanisms mediating the EV intestinal uptake. Finally, using proteomic analysis, we determined the existence and identification of proteins enriched in the EV fraction transported across the intestinal epithelium. We show that human milk EVs are largely stable in the biochemical gut barriers and demonstrate high mucus diffusivity. EVs show a high level of epithelial cell uptake (∼70%) and efficient transport across Caco‐2 monolayers. Whilst cell uptake of EVs was mediated by multiple routes, none of the pathway‐specific inhibitors inhibited their epithelial translocation. Proteomic analysis of EVs transported across Caco‐2 monolayers identified 14 enriched EV proteins that may facilitate intestinal transport. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the interactions between human milk EVs and the gut barriers, including their intestinal uptake.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity as a predictor of poor prognosis in advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Sugiura Ryo , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Kuwatani Masaki , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Harada Kazuaki , Ohara Masatsugu , Yonemura Hiroki , Nozawa Shunichiro , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHigh subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATr), an indirect surrogate marker of adipose tissue quality, was associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. The present study aimed to assess the association of SATr with survival outcomes in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center study included patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who underwent chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed using the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model according to the SATr status.ResultsThe study cohort included 234 patients, including 38 and 196 patients with high and non‐high SATr, respectively. The median OS durations were 10.5 and 17.4 months (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.19–2.49, p < .01) and the median PFS durations were 4.9 and 8.0 months (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05–2.20, p = .03) in patients with high and non‐high SATr, respectively. By multivariate analysis, high SATr, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >5, modified Glasgow prognostic score 1–2, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen >5.0 ng/mL were predictors for OS (HR, 1.66, 2.42, 2.00, and 1.56, respectively; p < .05). By multivariate analysis, metastatic disease status, high SATr, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >5, and modified Glasgow prognostic score 1–2 were independent risk factors for worse PFS (HR, 1.56, 1.56, 1.81, and 1.57, respectively; p < .05).ConclusionsHigh SATr was associated with risk of tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with advanced BTC treated by palliative chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.
Reducing Postoperative Opioid Use: A Comparison of Open Versus Ultrasound‐Guided Regional Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Open Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Mavani Parit T. , Sok Caitlin , Ajay Pranay S. , McPherson Tarrant , Switchenko Jeffrey , Kooby David A. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOpioid crisis is a national issue with significant economic burden and marked increase in opioid‐related deaths, particularly following surgical procedures. Reducing opioid requirements while maintaining effective analgesia is critically challenging, perioperatively. Multimodal drug regimens and guided regional anesthesia (RA) have been adopted to address this issue. We aimed to assess postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing open pancreatoduodenectomy based on the routes of RA administration: open versus ultra‐sound guided.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at Emory University Saint Joseph's Hospital, encompassing patients who underwent open pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) from 2020 to 2022 who received ultrasound‐guided RA (U‐RA) or open RA (O‐RA). Patient demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes, including opioid consumption measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) at 24, 48, and 72 h, were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression identified predictors of postoperative opioid use.ResultsOf 95 patients, 47 met inclusion criteria: 27 received U‐RA and 20 O‐RA. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were similar between patients receiving O‐RA and U‐RA. A lower opioid requirement was noted in the O‐RA group compared to the U‐RA group at all time points. (24 h: 6.5 vs. 18, p = 0.004; 48 h: 18 vs. 37, p = 0.001; 72 h: 30.5 vs. 57, p = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, only route of regional anesthesia was independently associated with reduced opioid use across all time points (24 h: mean difference = −5.75, 95% CI: −11.3, −0.18; 48 h: mean difference = −16.95, 95% CI: −27.5, −6.4; 72 h: mean difference = −20.39, 95% CI: −35.4, −5.3) Patient age, gender, race, obesity, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, small pancreatic duct, and pancreatic fistula were not independently associated with opioid use.ConclusionsO‐RA may offer a better approach than U‐RA in minimizing opioid consumption after open PD. These findings suggest the incorporation of O‐RA for upper abdominal surgeries to decrease the necessity of postoperative opioids.
Adults and Adolescents With Neuroblastoma: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Chidiac Charbel , McDermott Katherine M. , Ramdat Caitlyn , Price Matthew D. , Greer Jonathan B. , Ladle Brian H. , Rhee Daniel S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesNeuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, is rare in adults. This study compares patient characteristics, disease patterns, and treatments among adults, adolescents, and children with neuroblastoma.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database (2004–2019) for neuroblastoma cases. Patient and tumor characteristics, treatments, and 5‐year overall survival (5‐OS) were compared between adults (≥ 18 years), adolescents (10–17 years), and children (0–9 years). Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression assessed survival differences.ResultsAmong 6350 neuroblastoma patients, 256 (4.0%) were adults, 222 (3.5%) were adolescents, and 5872 (92.5%) were children. Tumors were largest in adolescents (9.7 cm), followed by adults (8.0 cm) and children (6.7 cm) (p < 0.001). Adults were less likely to have tumors in the adrenal glands (34.0% vs. children: 54.7%, adolescents: 43.2%, p < 0.001) and had lower rates of metastasis (10.9% vs. 19.3% and 19.4%, p < 0.001). Compared to children, adults received less chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplants (p < 0.001). 5‐OS was worse in adults (65.8%), followed by adolescents (70.4%) and children (78.2%) (p < 0.001). After adjustment, adults (aHR: 2.27; 95% CI, 1.71–3.01) and adolescents (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54–2.64) had higher hazards of death compared to children.ConclusionsAdults and adolescents with neuroblastoma have distinct clinical features and lower survival than children, underscoring the need for tailored treatment approaches for older patients.Level of EvidenceIII.
Land Use Planning for Land Degradation Neutrality: Reflections and Critical Challenges
Authors: Briassoulis Helen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPositing that land use planning (LUP) is both a technical and a political endeavor that should predominantly promote the preservation of the land‐based natural capital, the present study aspires to first, constructively problematize the Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality (SCF‐LDN) approach and second, reveal the challenges of integrating LDN into LUP. This paper comprises four sections. The first briefly outlines and appraises the SCF‐LDN approach and the second presents and deepens into the concept of LDN drawing on the broader concept of neutrality. The third section briefly presents LUP and the SCF‐LDN guidance on LUP for LDN, examines how the SCF‐LDN conception and guidance (LDN concerns for short) can be integrated in each stage of the (formal) LUP process, and identifies the main challenges that arise. A small fifth section sets the key question for LUP. The Conclusions recapitulate the discussion, reflect on the need for complementary and/or alternative socio‐politically situated (context‐ and scale‐sensitive) LUP and other processes to preserve the land‐based natural capital and suggest avenues for future research. The main aim of this paper is to show, through an extensive critical review and an in‐depth methodological analysis of the review outcomes, that land degradation neutrality is not as relevant and well justified in a planning context as often assumed, a problem exacerbated by its ambiguous definition. LDN, as a global requirement, can be retained to serve as a special exercise to support global assessments.
End‐To‐End FRET Enabling Direct Measurement of Oligomer Chain Conformations and Molecular Weight in Reaction Solutions
Authors: Valdez Sara , Ismail Syba , Wang Yuming , Qiang Zhe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an established tool for measuring distances between two molecules (donor and acceptor) on the nanometer scale. In the field of polymer science, the use of FRET to measure polymer end‐to‐end distances (Ree) often requires complex synthetic steps to label the chain ends with the FRET pair. This work reports an anthracene‐functionalized chain‐transfer agent for reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization, enabling the synthesized chains to be directly end‐labeled with a donor and acceptor without the need for any post‐polymerization functionalization. Noteworthily, this FRET method allows for chain conformation measurements of low molecular weight oligomers in situ, without any work‐up steps. Using FRET to directly measure the average Ree of the oligomer chains during polymerization, the chain growth of methyl methacrylate, styrene, and methyl acrylate is investigated as a function of reaction time, including determining their degree of polymerization (DP). It is found that DP results from FRET are consistent with other established measurement methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Altogether, this work presents a broadly applicable and straightforward method to in situ characterize Ree of low molecular weight oligomers and their DP during reaction.
Applying the Social Cognitive Theory to Design a Health Education Program on Weight‐Loss Behaviors Among Police Officers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Esmaeili Alireza , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Rashidi‐jahan Hojat , Rahmati Fatemeh , Lin Chung‐Ying , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBeing overweight/having obesity is a prevalent condition not only among the general population but also among individuals with special occupations such as police officers, where fitness is often a necessity. The present study's aim was to assess how much a psychoeducational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) would be helpful for encouraging weight loss behaviors among police officers.MethodsIn a randomized control trial, 102 police officers who were overweight or had obesity voluntarily registered for a weight loss program and were assigned to either an intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group took part in a health education program comprising six face‐to‐face 60–80 minute sessions over a 6‐week period that was designed based on SCT principles. The control group participated in routine worksite health promotion programs comprising weekly one‐hour sessions on lifestyle‐related topics and optional individual nutrition consultations. At baseline and 3 months after the intervention, both groups were examined in terms of SCT's measures and weight control strategies as the primary outcomes, as well as para‐clinical variables such as blood lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) as secondary outcomes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess changes from baseline to follow‐up between groups.ResultsAll SCT measures indicated significant improvements among those in the intervention group compared with the control group. Outcome expectancy (F = 445; p < 0.001) and self‐efficacy (F = 366; p < 0.001) were the two most influential factors. Although both intervention and control groups reported significant changes in weight control behaviors, all behavioral scores in the intervention group were considerably greater than those in the controls. The dietary choice component showed the greatest change from baseline to follow‐up (F = 267; p < 0.001). All indices of blood lipid profile also indicated significant improvements in the intervention group compared with the control group. Weight decreased significantly more from baseline to follow‐up among those in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (F = 69.0, p < 0.001). BMI was reduced in the intervention group, while in the control group showed a slight increase (mean difference: −0.4 [CI: −0.4 to −0.3] versus 0.1 [CI: 0.0 to 0.1]).ConclusionsAn education program based on SCT may contribute to weight loss among police officers who are overweight/have obesity. Assessment of the program's effects in other settings and occupational populations is warranted.
Pulmonary Function Testing in Healthy Infants in Rural Bangladesh: Feasibility Study
Authors: Verwey Charl , Sojib HM Golam Kibria , Islam Md Shafiqul , Roy Arunangshu Dutta , Islam MD ASMD Ashraful , Chowdhury Nabidul H. , Czovek Dorottya , Makan Gergely , Ahmed Salahuddin , Baqui Abdullah H. , Hantos Zoltan , McCollum Eric D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfant pulmonary function testing (iPFT) in low‐ and middle‐income countries is limited. We evaluated the early feasibility of iPFT in rural Bangladesh.MethodsExperts established an iPFT laboratory at Zakiganj Upazila Health Complex in Sylhet, Bangladesh and trained staff. Infants ≤ 6 months old participating in a cohort study between 2021 and 2022 were eligible for respiratory oscillometry (Osc), tidal breath flow‐volume loops (TBFVL), and sulphur hexaflouride multiple breath washout (MBW) during natural sleep. Participants with a respiratory infection within 4 weeks were not tested. Among the first 25 infants with attempted Osc, TBFVL, or MBW measurements, we report the test proportions meeting international quality standards, measurement averages, and the mean measurement differences between laboratory staff and experts.ResultsAmong the first 25 eligible infants with attempted measurements, acceptable Osc measurements were achieved in 88% (22/25), TBFVL in 96% (24/25), and MBW in 88% (22/25). Infants tested by Osc at 2 months were a median (IQR) of 81 days old (73, 85) and tested at 6 months were a median of 194 days old (193, 202); TBFVL/MBW tested infants were a mean 83 days (79, 87). Mean (SD) Osc resistance at 7 Hz was 66.3 (25.2) and 64.0 (22.4) hPa.s.L−1 at 2 and 6 months. At 2 months, TBFVL mean tidal volume/body weight was 7.4 (1.4) mL/kg and MBW mean (SD) lung clearance index was 7.2 (1.0) turnovers. iPFT staff and expert interpretation differences were minimal.ConclusionsEstablishing an iPFT laboratory and performing quality measurements and expert‐level interpretations in rural Bangladesh is feasible.
Facilitators and Barriers for Physiotherapists to Engage in Goal‐Setting With Patients During Their Hospital Stay—An Explanatory Sequential Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Baumbach Linda , Feddern Wiebke , Grube Friederike , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André , Klotz Susanne G. R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeGoal setting is a key aspect of patient‐centered physiotherapy, helping to motivate patients, align healthcare efforts, prevent oversight, and stop ineffective interventions. This study aims to identify facilitators and barriers for physiotherapists in hospitals to set and document patient treatment goals.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed‐methods approach was used. The survey, informed by systematic reviews of factors influencing shared decision‐making and the theoretical domains framework (TDF), included 25 statements to be rated. Two focus groups (n = 8) discussed (1) factors from the survey, (2) the goal‐setting processes, and (3) brainstormed facilitators and barriers for documenting physiotherapy goals.ResultsSurvey findings showed mixed opinions but agreement on two factors, which indicate that the goal influences the therapeutic interventions and motivates the therapists. The focus group identified four themes: “Goal,” “Physiotherapeutic Self‐Conception,” “Interprofessionality”, and “Hospital Setting.” Issues included limited space and poor placement in documentation systems, mental rather than written goal conceptualization, and a perceived lack of interest from interprofessional team members, leading to deprioritization by physiotherapists. Finally, joint goal setting was deemed impractical for certain patients.DiscussionHospital physiotherapists set treatment goals with their patients. The process is influenced by various factors, including interprofessional dynamics and the hospital setting. The identified themes align with existing literature. Effective documentation of patient‐centered physiotherapy goals in hospitals requires well‐designed tools and interprofessional collaboration. Further, it is crucial to understand professional self‐conception and acknowledge situations where physiotherapists need to set goals independently.