bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for and a Preliminary Prediction Model of Vascular Calcification in Patients Beginning Hemodialysis
Authors: Xiong Hao , Sun Cuifang , Song Jie , Yu Yan , Wang Chang , Yuan Fang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and hypothesis.
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD); however, there is limited data on VC-related factors in patients beginning hemodialysis. Thus, this study aimed to determine the risk factors of VC and to establish a prediction model for evaluating VC progression in new patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods.
This study selected 86 patients who initiated in-center MHD between March 2021 and November 2022. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and laboratory data were collected. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was assessed based on the Agatston vascular score determined via computed tomography. Serum levels of the VC inhibitors fetuin-A was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for VC, and a neural network-based approach was adopted to construct a VC prediction model.
Results.
The average age of the patients was 56.74 ± 12.79 years, and 65.1% were male. CAC was observed in 72.09% of patients. Age, body mass index, diabetes, the comorbidity index, and the number of coronary artery branches with calcification were positively correlated with the CAC score, whereas plasma fetuin-A levels was negatively correlated. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00–1.14], the comorbidity index[OR 1.72, 95%CI: 1.16–2.57], diabetes[OR 3.97, 95%CI: 1.16–13.58] were independent risk factors for CAC; these factors were used to establish a simple scoring model to predict VC risk.
Conclusion.
Age, the comorbidity index, diabetes were identified as independent risk factors for CAC in patients beginning hemodialysis, and the new VC prediction model based on these factors may help identify VC in patients undergoing MHD, facilitating clinical interventions.
The comparison of food groups and food expenditures in different socioeconomic statuses of Iranian households
Authors: Gholami Mohammad Saeed , Bagheri Amir , Saber Amir , Rezaei Satar , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Mostafai Roghayeh , Najafabadi Maryam Sharifi , Kabiri Seyedeh Sarina , Moludi Jalal , Aghdam Shirin Golabi , Sadeghi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: The household income level, food prices, and the amount of money spent on food are effective factors in food choices and people's health. Our objective was to determine and compare households’ food patterns based on food prices and their income in different socioeconomic statuses (SES).
Method: 621 households were randomly selected from five of the Kermanshah city districts based on their SES. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire, SES questionnaire, semi-quantitative weekly food purchase registration questionnaire, outdoor food purchase registration questionnaire, and a medium and long-term food purchase reminder questionnaire.
Results: The average total cost of households for food per day was 2.51±0.18 $. The highest and lowest daily food expenditures were related to the protein (39.9%) and the dairy groups (3.8%). Households in the first SES spent 75.2% of their total income on food and there was a direct and significant correlation between SES, education, and income level with energy, macronutrients, and fiber (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that SES can influence the amount and type of nutrients purchased by households. Increasing nutritional knowledge and making the right decisions by food policymakers may reduce food insecurity at the community level.
An Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Globular Cluster GCl 2551
Authors: Rodríguez Elio Quiroga 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

GCl 2551 [RZ2004], an isolated globular cluster situated near M104, exhibits an intriguing X-ray
emission with a luminosity of 3.23 Å~ 1037 erg/s. This emission is significantly higher than what is
typically observed in globular clusters, prompting questions about its origin. One possible
explanation is the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) at the cluster's core. To
explore this hypothesis, the paper examines the characteristics of IMBHs and their expected X-ray
emissions, comparing the observed luminosity of GCl 2551 to the Eddington luminosity for an
IMBH. The findings indicate that the observed luminosity is below the Eddington limit, suggesting
that if an IMBH is present, it is likely accreting at a sub-Eddington rate. The text also considers
alternative sources for the X-ray emission, such as a population of low-mass X-ray binaries
(LMXBs) or supernova remnants. However, the compact nature of the X-ray source and its location
within a globular cluster strengthen the case for an IMBH. Further observations, including X-ray
spectroscopy, variability studies, and multi-wavelength analyses, are recommended to confirm the
presence of an IMBH in GCl 2551.
Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization
Authors: Liu Bin , Chen Zuyong , Liu Fang , Zhu Jian , Liu Yuansheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Red mud and phosphogypsum are by-products in the production process of aluminum manufacturing and phosphorus chemical industry respectively. PO43−, F−and Cd2+ in phosphogypsum and Na+ plasma in red mud will leach into water and soil after raining, which declines the ecological environment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to research the modification on red mud and phosphogypsum, and technologies of their soil substrates utilization. In this study, ferric chloride and sodium silicate were used to modify the red mud and phosphogypsum, and the control effect and mechanism of the modifiers on relevant pollutants were discussed. The study further explored the optimal ratio of this complex substrates and its growth effect on wheat grass through pot experiment. The results showed that the single modification process of ferric chloride on red mud reduced its pH value from 10.76 to 8.51–10.05, and improved its crystal and pore structure; while the Na2SiO3 treatment on phosphogypsum increased its pH value from 3.38 to 4.48–9.54, and significantly reduced the PO43− (from 205.7 mg/L to 28.9 mg/L) and F−concentration (reduced to 3.77 mg/L) in the extraction. The relevant pollutants (pH, PO43−, F− and heavy metal content) produced from the red mud and phosphogypsum modification complex (Spraying 1 mol/L FeCl3 of 15% mass ratio in red mud and 1.4 mol/L Na2SiO3 of 10% mass ratio in phosphogypsum) with a mass ratio of 7:3 all meet the highest allowable concentration requirements in the comprehensive sewage discharge standard. The pot experiment of ryegrass planting with such modification complex cultivated the dry weight of 18.82g and plant height of 21.63cm at 40 days, which was comparable to the growth effect of ryegrass in fresh soil (dry weight 21.63g and plant height 21.35 cm at 40 days). The modification mechanism realized stable dealkalinization of red mud and stable curing of soluble PO43− and F− in phosphogypsum, which can be used as a soil-based substrate suitable for forage growth. And the optimizing ratio of modification complex even can be applied to soil and ecological remediation.
State Metacognition Inventory: validity and reliability in Arabic Educational Contexts
Authors: Alajlan Sarah M , Boughattas Wissal , Aljohani Obaidalah H , Znazen Hela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Metacognition is an important phenomenon in psychological and educational fields. This study aimed to validate an Arabic version of the State Metacognitive Inventory (SMI) for assessing metacognitive processes in Arabic educational contexts.
Methods
The study involved 240 Taif University students who completed electronic versions of the SMI and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The research process included rigorous translation procedures, followed by exploratory and confirmatory analyses to test the four-factor structure, internal consistency, and gender measurement invariance, along with examining correlations with personality traits for construct validation.
Results
Analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of metacognition, demonstrated strong internal consistency with alpha coefficients ranging from .87 to .95, established measurement invariance across genders, and showed appropriate correlations with personality traits supporting construct validity.
Conclusions
The Arabic version of the SMI has been validated as a reliable and psychometrically sound instrument for assessing metacognitive processes in Arabic educational settings, providing educators and researchers with a valuable tool for understanding metacognition in Arabic-speaking populations.
HLA-B27 positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis presenting with an acute onset and a chronic course
Authors: Maleki Arash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The occurrence of Human leukocyte antigen-(HLA-) B27-associated bilateral granulomatous panuveitis in a pediatric patient ultimately diagnosed with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis JIA.
Methods
A case report.
Case Presentation:
A 10-year-old girl was evaluated for redness, pain, and photophobia in both eyes (OU) with no other ocular or systemic symptoms. Her best-corrected visual acuity was measured at 20/20 and 20/40 right (OD) and 20/40 left (OS) eyes, respectively. A slit lamp examination revealed mutton-fat keratic precipitates OU, anterior chamber reaction 1 + and 4 + cells OD and OS, respectively, and anterior vitreous 2 + cells OU. During dilated fundoscopy, 1 + OS haze was observed. Intravenous fluorescein angiography depicted mild disc OS and peripheral vascular leakage OU. Indocyanine green angiography revealed hypocyanescent lesions in choroid OU indicating of choroiditis. All lab work-up were negative or within the normal limits except positive HLA-B27. She was started on aggressive corticosteroids therapy, followed by a gradual taper. A flare-up occurred while she was on a regimen of 10 mg oral prednisolone and two drops of prednisolone OU. Then, immunomodulatory therapy was initiated with adalimumab and oral methotrexate. The eyes remained in remission with this regimen until she developed arthritis in the left knee and wrist, along with bilateral sacroiliitis. The pediatric rheumatology team decided to transition to golimumab, concurrently increasing the dosage of methotrexate.
Conclusion
Chronic bilateral panuveitis with an acute onset granulomatous anterior uveitis component may be indicative of HLA-B27 associated JIA. It can be coupled with a delayed onset oligoarticular JIA.
Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experiment Validation to Discover the Mechanism of Sophora Japonica Linn against Liver Cancer
Authors: Ren Yahui , Liang Yun , Zhu Tao , Fan Yanru , Zhang Sijin , Zheng Mengmeng , Xiao Xiaoxue , Cheng Qingmin , Liu Yue , Chen Hui , Song Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Sophora Japonica Linn, a medicinal and food-homologous plant, is commonly used to resist bacterial, inflammatory, tumor, and other effects. This study aimed to elucidate the multi-target mechanism of action of Sophora japonica Linn on liver cancer through network pharmacological analysis and verify its effect through biological experiments. The network pharmacology and molecular docking results showed that there were 152 interactivity targets between Sophora japonica Linn and liver cancer, which were mainly enriched in various biological processes through the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In vitro biological experiments showed that isorhamnetin and quercetin, the main active components of Sophora japonica Linn, had significant inhibitory effect on liver cancer cells HepG2. In addition, the expression of AKT and MEK proteins was downregulated, which proved that both isorhamnetin and quercetin promoted apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In summary, our findings clarify the inhibitory effect of the active ingredients of Sophora japonica Linn against HepG2 cells and provide inspiration for its clinical application in the treatment of liver cancer.
Neonates With Iodine Contrast Allergy: A Case Report
Authors: Willar Rocky , Rompis Johnny Lambert , Sadeli Ernestine Vivi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction: In the modern medical world, contrast media are increasingly being used to help establish a diagnosis. Contrast media has been used over 70 million times annually worldwide. Although it has been proven safe and generally well tolerated by the body, reports of side effects of contrast media still exist, especially hypersensitivity reactions. The rarity and low number of studies on contrast media hypersensitivity in the pediatric niche make it difficult to determine the exact prevalence rate and effective treatments. Of all reactions that occur in contrast media, nearly 70% are hypersensitivity reactions with skin and mucosal involvement.
Case Report: An infant patient aged 1 month and 2 days presented with a chief complaint of black lesions on both hands and feet after undergoing a barium enema examination procedure with contrast one day before. Initially, the patient was hospitalized for six days with suspected Hirschsprung disease. The patient underwent barium enema examination with contrast (iopamidol) without biopsy. However, in monitoring and observation, the next day (> 24 hours) after the patient underwent a barium enema examination procedure with contrast, all four of the patient's extremities experienced discoloration into generalized black purpuric lesions, this reddish rash persisted with emphasis on the morphology of an erythematous maculopapular rash. The lesion progressed to multiple necrotic lesions in all four extremities with palpable pulsations, and bullae appeared in the left lower leg on the third day of evaluation. The necrotic lesions then began to improve starting from the 7th day.
Growth and crystallographic features of interpenetrant twins in natural diamonds
Authors: Kaiyue SUN , Taijin LU , Mingyue HE , Zhonghua SONG , Zhang Jian , Ke Jie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The different morphologies of diamond crystals reflect the growth conditions and provide valuable information about the processes that led to the formation of the diamond. Diamond twins only occur during growth and only through reticular merohedry, which has a significant effect on the physical properties of the diamond. However, due to the scarcity of samples, particularly samples with interpenetrant twins, few investigations have been conducted on their morphological features and related formation. In this article, natural diamonds with interpenetrant twins from the Republic of the Congo were analyzed to investigate the crystallographic features and related growth formation through scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The results revealed that all of the samples exhibit cubic habits with deformation and have a rough appearance and fibrous growth layers, indicating rapid crystallization under high driving force conditions. Based on the different features of the crystals’ macroscopic morphological properties, three types of theoretical twin models are established. The cathodoluminescence imaging of the samples show that there are two patterns regarding the formation of interpenetrant twins in natural diamonds, including the origination of grains during the nucleation stage of crystals in the form of twinned positions and changes in the orientation of the growth layer arrangement during crystal growth. Moreover, a mixed type of twin structure was observed, indicating the complexity of the diamond twin growth process, involving transformation of the crystallization habit of the crystal.
The critical width-height ratio of finite soil behind retaining wall considering the compaction degree of fill under RB mode
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Wang Yuxing , Zeng Yongqing , Ye Yasi , Liu Yuchen , Cai Haixing 
Published: January 2025

The compaction degree of fill is an important index for quality control of slope support engineering. Aiming at the influence factor of the compaction degree of fill, the effect of the compaction degree of fill on the characteristics of active fracture surface and the critical width-height ratio of finite soil under the RB model was investigated through laboratory model test and numerical simulation. The primary research findings are as follows: (1) Under RB mode, the active fracture surface of fill is an inclined plane that does not pass through the heel of the wall, and there are often multiple nearly parallel fracture planes in the fractured body. The active fracture surface of semi-infinite soil is between the movable retaining wall and the fill surface, and the finite soil is between the movable retaining wall and the fixed retaining wall. (2) For the loose finite soil (λ= 81 %), the upper point of the active fracture surface gradually moves upward from the fixed retaining wall to the fill surface with the increase of the compaction degree of the fill, the active fracture surface gradually becomes steeper, and the finite soil gradually changes into semi-infinite soil. (3) For loose semi-infinite soil (λ= 81 %), with the increase of compaction degree, the active fracture surface gradually becomes steeper, but the soil between the two walls is still semi-infinite. (4) Under the RB model, the critical width-height ratio of actively destroyed finite soil decreases linearly with the increase of compaction degree. After fitting, the empirical equations of the experimental and simulated values of the critical width-height ratio considering the compaction degree of the fill are given respectively. (5) Under the RB model, the active failure mechanism of fill is similar to the push slide of slope, and the development process of active failure surface is top-down sliding layer by layer. The research in this paper shows that the compaction degree of fill is an important factor affecting the characteristics of the fracture surface and the critical width to height ratio of the finite soil, and it is an important index to define the finite or semi-infinite state of the soil behind the wall.
The Role of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer Treatment: Current Strategies, Future Directions, and Insights into Metastasis and Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Li Chen Lu , Ma Xin Yuan , Yi Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as
a potentially effective strategy, as traditional medicines have shown minimal success. This review
investigates the current state of immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment, focusing on its mechanisms,
clinical applications, strategies, and future directions. This study focuses on the different
characteristics of non-small and small-cell lung cancer to emphasize the need for targeted treatment
strategies. In non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target PD-1, PDL1,
and CTLA-4 have shown a strong therapeutic benefit and increased survival rates. The complex
interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment significantly
impact the outcome of immunotherapy. The determination of predicting biomarkers and conquering
resistance requires an understanding of the tumor microenvironment. This study addresses a
range of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune modulators, monoclonal antibodies, and
cancer vaccines. The combination approaches are being explored to enhance treatment effectiveness
and address resistance mechanisms that integrate immunotherapy with other modalities. Despite
advancements, challenges still exist. The identification of reliable biomarkers, regulating immune-
related adverse effects, and the overcoming of limitations in treating metastatic disease require
more investigation. Future research directions should include exploring the immune microenvironment,
developing personalized treatment strategies based on tumor profiles, and integrating
new technologies for patient screening. Immunotherapy holds immense potential to modify lung
cancer treatment and enhance clinical results.
Environmental Impacts of Jute Fiber-reinforced Mortars
Authors: Gil Harveth , Alvarez Carolina Jaramillo , Zuleta Alejandro Alberto 
Published: January 2025

Background
Mortar is an essential material in the construction industry, serving as a binding agent in masonry. Integrating natural fibers into construction materials has gained significant attention due to their potential to enhance mechanical properties while promoting sustainability. However, mortar production involves processes that contribute to environmental impacts. In this research, jute fiber was selected as a reinforcement for mortar due to its potential to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibers, offering a promising solution for reducing the environmental footprint of construction materials.

Objective
This paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties and environmental impact of jute fiber mortar composites during the product stage with a cradle-to-gate approach, comparing their performance with that of traditional mortar used in Colombia.

Methods
The environmental performance of jute fiber-reinforced mortar (JFRM) was assessed using the CML-2001 methodology with OpenLCA software, alongside an Eco-audit tool to estimate the energy consumption and carbon emissions across the material, manufacturing, and transportation phases. Jute fiber (JF) was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the compressive strength of mortar incorporating jute fiber at 0%, 1%, and 2% by weight was evaluated after a 21-day curing period.

Results
Mortars modified with jute fiber (JF) show a reduction in compressive strength compared to plain composites, with decreases of approximately 15% for 1% JF and 21% for 2% JF. However, according to Colombian construction standards, composites with 1% JF still meet the minimum compressive strength requirements for plaster mortars. Additionally, these mortars offer excellent ductility and lower density than those without fibers. From an environmental perspective, the life cycle assessment results demonstrate that using 1% JF imposes a lower ecological burden than using 2%, with the Global Warming Potential (GWP) being the most significant impact category. While JF increases the GWP due to the emission of biogenic methane, the overall GWP impact rises by 2.8% and 3.9% with the addition of 1% and 2% JF, respectively. Furthermore, the eutrophication potential increases by 2.24% due to the use of fertilizers and insecticides in JF agricultural production. These findings suggest that the optimal balance between environmental impact and mechanical performance is achieved with 1% JF in the mortar.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that mortars reinforced with 1% jute fiber are suitable for cement composites due to their adequate physic-chemical properties and their positive effect from a sustainability standpoint.