bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Dari Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kepedulian Masyarakat Terhadap Lingkungan
Authors: Ratnasari Lisa , Hasibuan Bernard , Gusdini Ninin 
Published: August 2023

Pangandaran Beach is one of the famous tourist destinations in West Java. The people around the tourist site of Pangandaran beach are many wholike the restaurant business. The waste produced includes leech oil which is the remaining oil produced by frying. The resulting waste oil is never utilized further, just thrown into the environment. With a large number of restaurants, the waste cooking oil produced is also a lot. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at increasing the added value of cooking oil waste by processingit into soap. From the training program that has been implemented, participants are very appreciative and amazed by the results of making soap from leech oil. This activity also has a positive impact with the opening of business opportunities for processing oil into soap so that it has an impact on increasing economic income for culinary traders. In addition, reducing the disposal of waste oil, thus maintaining the preservation of the environment and health.
Image Interpretation and Reporting by Radiographers in Africa: Findings from the Literature Review and their Application to Zambia
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Sichone James Maimbo , Sichone Phanny Nankonde , Kazuma Yakomba Biye 
Published: August 2023

Background: The need for having reporting radiographers has been a part of the discussion in the last decade in Zambia. This is due to acritical shortage of radiologists, an increase in demand for imaging services, and the radiographers' desire for professional recognition in providing formal reports on radiographic images similar to those they undertake in ultrasonography.Objective: The study aimed at reviewing the evidence relating to image interpretation and reporting by radiographers in Africa and apply the findings to Zambia.Methodology: A literature review was used to bring together studies on image interpretation and reporting by radiographers in Africa. Online databases, radiography journals, cited references, grey literature, and the internet were searched for relevant studies.Results: Thirteen studies were included in this review. The findings revealed that radiographers in Africa have a positive attitude towards image interpretation and reporting. In addition, their accuracy at image interpretation is comparable to radiologists. The main benefit identified by the establishment of reporting radiographers is improved access to imaging reports. The review also found that medical doctors are in support of the establishment of reporting radiographers. However, the main limitations are a lack of postgraduate courses in this speciality and the limitation of their scope of practice.Conclusion: Reporting radiographers contribute significantly to the delivery of quality imaging services by assisting radiologists in reporting on radiographic images. There is a need for policymakers in Africa, including Zambia, to extend the scope of practice of radiographers and establish postgraduate image interpretation courses.
Management of patient with a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia: Case report and literature review
Authors: Kazuma Seke M. E. , Musowoya Joseph , Kaela Boniface , Simunyama Luyando , Mundia Kamwi , Kaoma Donald , Lumbala Mukendi , Khumbolakhe Fisonga 
Published: August 2023

A pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) is a localized collection of pancreatic juice in pancreatic tissue or peripancreatic space reach, in amylase and other enzymes, surrounded by a cyst wall composed of fibrous wall or granulation tissue, and a cyst wall lacking epithelium. A PP develops after acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, or obstruction of the main pancreatic duct. PP commonly presents with symptoms of abdominal pain, early satiety, nausea and vomiting in the setting of an abdominal mass. Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory tests (persistent high levels of amylase) and on imaging by abdominal ultrasound or computer tomography (CT) scan of a persistent pancreatic fluid collection present for at least 4 weeks. Pseudocysts cannot be removed until 6 weeks after an episode of pancreatitis, to allow the walls to thicken to at least 6mm and the pseudocyst to grow to at least 6cm in size; however, pseudocyst formation is difficult to date. We present a patient who had a ruptured PP and therefore underwent emergency laparotomy. The cyst wall was immature and therefore a cystenterostomy was not possible. PP excision was chosen because the PP was already ruptured and had dense immature cyst-bowel adhesions, a thin wall and absence of abnormality of pancreatic main duct; in addition, expertise was available. Our patient recovered well without complications in the 90-day follow-up and was subsequently discharged.
Management of a Patient with Foreign Body Ingestion at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia
Authors: Kaela Boniface , Luando Simunyama , Mundia Kamwi , Kaoma Donald , Mukendi Lumbala , Khombolakhe Fisongo , Chirengendure Bright , Kazuma Seke M E 
Published: August 2023

Foreign body (FB) ingestion refers to intentional swallowing of indigestible, non-nutritious solid substances. It is more common in children and psychiatry adult patients. Adult psychiatry patients have the highest incidence of recurrent ingestion of multiple FB that results from poor impulse control by care-givers and as a response to stress. Foreign bodies longer than 6cm, wider than 2.5cm and sharp edged are unlikely to pass without getting imparted or causing perforation. These warrant removal by endoscopy where available or laparotomy. Wereport on the management of a case of intentional swallowing of multiple FBs by a known psychiatric patient at Ndola Teaching Hospital, in Ndola, Zambia.
Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Lungu Sandra nzaliwe , Goma Fastone M. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Iron plays a key role in oxygen uptake, transport, and storage, as well as oxidative metabolism in the muscle including myocardium and is essential for the formation of haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase. Iron deficiency (ID) often develop in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients due to depletion of iron stores, iron malabsorption and/or reduced availability of iron recycled in the reticuloendothelial system. Indeed iron content and transferrin receptor levels have been reported to be decreased in the myocardium of patients with ID. A cardinal manifestation of heart failure (both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. HFrEF and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF) is impaired exercise capacity that is exaggerated in iron deficient patients. This easy fatigability is said to be a result of the reduced oxygen transport that is associated with the ID. ID leads to mitochondria and sarcomere dysfunction which reduces left ventricular functioning and hence reducing cardiac output. Reduced peak oxygen uptake has also been reported in patients withHFrEF.
Objective: To determine iron status of CHF patients at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka.
Methods: The study was conducted at UTH from May to August 2019. Using purposive sampling, data was collected from patients with CHF of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV. Information obtained included sex, age, height, weight and ejection fraction (reduced ifless than 45%). From the blood samples collected, serum iron levels, transferrin levels and ferritin concentration tests were done. The chi square test and logistic regression were used to analyze iron status in CHF patients.
Results: Forty (40) patients were enrolled, 18 male and 22 female. The average age was 45.5 (19 to 60). 24 patients (60%) had (HFrEF) and 16 patients (40%) had (HFpEF). 22 patients (55%) had transferrin saturation of less than 20%, while 8 (20%) had ferritin concentration of less than l00ng/ml. Based on both factors, a total of22(55%) patients were iron deficient. Iron deficiency was negatively associated withHFrEF (p = 0.015).
Conclusion: More than 55% of the participants in this study were iron deficient. However, ID may not be the primary cause of myocardial dysfunction as patients with HFrEF were less likely to be iron deficient. However, correction of ID in CHF patients in other studies has been reported to have clinical benefits. The observations of this study require further triangulation especially that the sample size was rather small.
The Pattern of Fracture Occurrence among Children Aged 1-17 Years Presenting At Solwezi General Hospital in Solwezi District, Zambia
Authors: Mwiinga Fair Banji 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Fractures in children represent a major global health problem and account for 10- 25% of all childhood injuries. Childhood fractures are caused by falls, domestic violence and road traffic accidents. Locally, there is a paucity of data on the pattern of fracture occurrence among children in Solwezi District.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of childhood fractures in terms of the causes, severity, circumstances and geographical location in which these injuries occur, and recommend strategies for preventing these mJunes.
Materials & methods: Data collection was done using a researcher assisted questionnaire in a cross­ sectional survey and analysed using the SPSS software version 20.0 for Windows. The Chi-square test was used to test association of variables at the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The mean age of children with fractures under review was found to be 6.88 years (SE of mean=0.453). Fractures in children were found to occur more frequently in the pre-school age group (48.3%, n=43). A male predominance in childhood fracture occurrence was noted as these fracture injuries occurred in 60.7% (n=54) of the males and 39.3% (n=35) of the females. Fractures of the upper limbs (74.2%) were more frequent than those of the lower limbs (25.8%) with the Radius (51.7%) and Ulna (22.5%) being the most frequently fractured bones. No respondent had an open fracture. Falling was the most frequent cause of injury in 73% of the respondents followed by sports injuries (13.5%). Fifty-six percent (n=50) of the fractures in children were sustained at home followed by school (16.9%) and road (19.1%). Statistically significant associations were found between respondent's age group and mechanism of injury (p-value=0.004) as well as between respondent's area of residence and geographical location ofinjury (p-value=0.005).
Conclusion: Falls are the most frequent mechanism of injury in childhood fractures seen at Solwezi General Hospital with the Radius and Ulna being the most frequently affected bones. The majority of these fractures occur at home as a result of slight trauma events. Clinically, this implies that the home advice given to patients and guardians should be tailored towards the prevention of these injuries in the settings in which they occur. General safety guidelines and policies for prevention of childhood fractures at home and in schools should be developed.
Opinions of Zambian Radiographers on Extending their Role in Interpretation and Reporting on General Radiographic Images: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Chanda Ernest , Kafwimbi Stefan , Sichone James M. 
Published: August 2023

Background: There is a critical shortage of radiologists in Zambia to report on all imaging examinations. Radiologists have concentrated on specialised imaging examinations, thereby leaving the interpretation of general radiography examinations to the referring medical practitioners, whose competence in image interpretation is not at the same level as radiologists. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of patients.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the opinions of Zambian radiographers on extending their role in the interpretation and reporting of general radiographic images.
Methodology: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Radiographers with a minimum of two years’ work experience were invited to participate in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.
Results: A total of 81 participants responded to the survey. A major finding showed that most radiographers (N=78, 95%) had a positive attitude towards image reporting because it improves the delivery of imaging services. Most of the radiographers were also willing to be trained at a postgraduate level (93%, N=76), and indicated the need to extend the scope of practice to include image reporting (N=78, 95%). The main challenges identified were inadequate advocacy and possible resistance from medical professions.
Conclusion: Radiographers are prepared to venture into image reporting. It is anticipated that this role extension can supplement radiologists in providing diagnostic reports and ensure that all patients have access to this service.
Non-suicidal and Suicidal Self-harm at a Psychiatric Centre: A review of cases
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman 
Published: August 2023

Background
Previous self-harm has been reported as an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, therefore understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing models for reduction of suicide. The objective of this study was to present the psychosocial characteristics of patients who presented with self-harm and recorded them in our suicidality register.
Method
This is a review of the suicidality register of patients who presented with deliberate self-harm and were referred and reviewed by the psychiatric unit at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKUSTH). Data were retrieved from the register and enter in SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics such as mean with standard deviation and frequency were done to describe the characteristics of interest.
Results
Of the 33 cases reviewed, the majority were females 51.6%, aged 29years and below, single (67.7%), unemployed 17 (51.5%), and had depression as the primary psychiatry diagnosis (54.5%). Although multiple reasons were given for self-harm, the desire to die was the commonest (54.5%) while ingestion of poisons was the commonest (75.8%) method adopted.
Conclusion
Previous self-harm is an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing frameworks for a surveillance system for self-harm and attempted suicides.
Comparison of the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening tools among older people in Nigeria
Authors: Adebusoye Lawrence Adekunle , Arinola Ganiyu , Amaefula George , Hunter Sharyn , Merl Helga , Pitt Victoria 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and objectives: Dementia is progressive neuro-degeneration characterized by ongoing deterioration in cognition and capacity for independent living. Empirical evidence is lacking on the best screening tool because of the cultural and linguistic diversities of Nigerians. This study screened for dementia and described the differences between the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tools among older people at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study of 96 older people ≥60years at UCH, Ibadan. Dementia was assessed with the RUDAS and MMSE tools. Socio-demographic characteristics and memory issues were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and the level of significance was set at 5%.
Results: The mean age was 70.5±7.4 years and 57(59.4%) were female respondents. The overall mean score on RUDAS was 22.8±4.0 points and MMSE was 24.2±4.8 points. Point prevalence of dementia on RUDAS and MMSE were 6.2% and 4.2% respectively. Using MMSE as the standard, the AUROC for the RUDAS was 85.9% (95% CI:60.4-99.8), and its sensitivity and specificity were75.0% and 96.7% respectively. Both RUDAS and MMSE were associated with age and residence. MMSE, but not the RUDAS, scores were influenced by total years of education (p<0.001).
Conclusion: RUDAS was as accurate as MMSE for the screening of dementia in our setting. Contrary to the MMSE, RUDAS was not influenced by the years of education for dementia. Our finding supports the use of RUDAS as an effective alternative test to MMSE for dementia screening in older Nigerians.
Knowledge and perspectives of health care providers towards clients with substance abuse at Solwezi General Hospital in Solwezi District
Authors: Mwiinga Fair Banji , Mwiza Twaambo , Banda Elezia Mercy 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Substance abuse is increasingly becoming a public health threat associated with varying health and social implications. Healthcare professionals are crucial in the management of substance abuse disorders, and their knowledge and perspectives towards substance abuse clients influences the care that these clients receive. Locally, there is scanty data on the knowledge and perspectives of health care providers towards substance abuse clients in Solwezi District.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess knowledge and perspectives of health care providers towards substance abuse clients at Solwezi General Hospital in Solwezi District.Materials & methods: A hospital-based cross sectional study was adopted for this study. Data collection was done using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from previous studies. The SPSS software version 20.0 for Windows was used for data analysis using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test for inference at the 0.05 level of significance.Results: The mean age of respondents was found to be 28.76 years. A female predominance over males was noted with a ratio of close to 5:1. Seventy-seven percent of respondents were Nurses by profession (77.3%), with the majority having attained Diploma as the highest level of education (60%). Overall, knowledge of substance abuse, screening tools and interventions for substance abuse was good. Variations in respondents’ perception of which health care provider was responsible for the assessment and management of substance abuse clients were noted. Priority on substance abuse cases was found to be low in 51% of the respondents, and several barriers to effective management of substance abuse were identified including lack of knowledge (41.4%), lack of manpower (20%), lack of specialized facilities (10%) and poor patient cooperation (16%). Statistically significant associations were found between respondent’s knowledge and interest to work with substance abuse clients; as well as between respondent’s education and priority placed on substance abuse cases.Conclusion: Health care providers exhibited adequate knowledge about substance abuse. However, low priority over substance abuse cases was reported, and attributed to a number of factors. This therefore calls for more training in substance abuse, particularly assessment and management of substance abuse clients in order to optimize health services rendered to substance abuse clients.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Nursing Staff At A Tertiary Health Facility: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aina Monisola , Bolarinwa Oladimeji A. , Adeniran Peace I. , Oyedepo Dapo S. , Adeniran Abiodun S. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency life-saving care to restore blood circulation following cardiac arrest. Nurses are often the closest when cardiac arrest occurs, thus their competence and initiation of CPR could be life-saving.
Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and willingness to initiate CPR among nurse practitioners.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted; participants were nursing staff at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Nursing students and other healthcare workers were excluded from the study. Multistage sampling method was used and all participants completed a self-administered questionnaire after informed consent. Data analysis was with SPSS version 21.0 and p<0.05 was significant.
Results: Among the 220 participants, 35(15.9%) were ≤5years post-qualification, 100(45.5%) had sub-specialty training, awareness about CPR was 100%, 66(30%) showed good knowledge on the practice of CPR, 154(70%) had formal training on CPR, 112 (50.9%) of the training were during schooling while 182(82.7%) showed good attitude towards initiating CPR when indicated. Hindrances to initiation of CPR included lack of training (56.2%), heavy workload (47.3%), inadequate knowledge (42.8%), lack of equipment (41.8%) and difficulty establishing diagnosis of cardiac arrest (13.9%). Competence grading for CPR was 48.4% for participants with surgical, 40.0% for medical subspecialty training and 44.2% for non-subspecialists. There was statistical significant relationship between competence in CPR and knowledge about it (p=0.026).
Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of CPR among nurses was low; health institutions and the mandatory nursing professional development programs should prioritize post-qualification training of nurses in the life-saving skills of CPR.
A Catamenial Pneumothorax: Role Of Serial Chest Radiographs In The Diagnosis Of ARare Entity
Authors: Chinene Bornface , Mudadi Leon-say , Ugwu Anthony C. 
Published: August 2023

Catamenial Pneumothorax is generally considered to be a rare entity. The lack of a clear cause means that diagnosis and treatment is challenging. The objective of this case report is to increase awareness and highlight the role of serial chest radiographs in improving the diagnosis of the pathology. A 33-year-old mother of two presented at the radiology department with a history of recurrent right-sided chest pain that corresponded with her menstrual period. Previous chest radiographs performed in the preceding six months all showed the presence of a right-sided pneumothorax, with associated pleural effusion. In considering the patient’s age, spontaneous pneumothorax occurring in conjunction with the menstrual cycle, and in the absence of other respiratory diseases, a diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax was made. The patient was commenced on oral contraceptive pills (oestrogen-progestogen) and she recovered.
Is It Possible to Miss a Metallic Airway Foreign Body on a Chest Radiograph? Imaging Case Report from Zambia
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Mulenga Mulewa , Jere Ethel C. , Sichone James M. 
Published: August 2023

Infants and young children are commonly referred for medical imaging for suspected aspirated or inhaled foreign bodies (Fbs). FB aspirations are potentially life-threatening and immediate diagnosis and treatment are vital to avert fatalities.Chest radiography is the first-line imaging method indicated to evaluate suspected aspirated FB. This can be supplemented withothermedical imaging modalities, such as fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the lack of specialised medical imaging modalities in developing countries impends timely diagnosis of aspirated FB. We report a case of a 7-year-old girl with airway metallic FB not visible on the initial chest radiograph. This case report highlights the challenges low-income health institutions are facing in the diagnosing of airway FBs and other complicated conditions which require advanced imaging. In the absence of specialised medical imaging modalities, radiographers and clinicians should have high indexes of suspicion to avert deaths. In addition, specialised training of radiographers in the absence of radio lo gists might contribute to improved patient outcomes.