bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics modelling in PyLith: poroelasticity
Authors: Walker Robert L , Knepley Matthew G , Aagaard Brad T , Williams Charles A 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
PyLith, a community, open-source code for modelling quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation with an emphasis on earthquake faulting, has recently been updated with a flexible multiphysics implementation. We demonstrate the versatility of the multiphysics implementation by extending the code to model fully coupled continuum poromechanics. We verify the newly incorporated physics using standard benchmarks for a porous medium saturated with a slightly compressible fluid. The benchmarks include the 1-D consolidation problem as outlined by Terzaghi, Mandel’s problem for the 2-D case, and Cryer’s problem for the 3-D case. All three benchmarks have been added to the PyLith continuous integration test suite. We compare the closed form analytical solution for each benchmark against solutions generated by our updated code, and lastly, demonstrate that the poroelastic material formulation may be used alongside the existing fault implementation in PyLith.
On safer ground? The emergence and evolution of ‘Global Britain’
Authors: Haugevik Kristin , Svendsen Øyvind 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Why did Theresa May's government introduce the narrative about ‘Global Britain’, and how did this narrative evolve and manifest itself in UK foreign policy discourse in the ensuing years? We make the case that Brexit distressed the United Kingdom's foreign policy identity, and that the ‘Global Britain’ narrative emerged as a means to consolidate that identity—at a time marked by uncertainty and political turmoil. Scholarship on ontological security has theorized how states employ narratives to restore and stabilize their identities when they become ontologically insecure. It has not sufficiently addressed how these narratives evolve, and the conditions under which they come to resonate with key audiences. We suggest that identity consolidating narratives are more effective when they are anchored in familiar spaces and contexts—what we call home turfs. We show how filling ‘Global Britain’ with content constituted a process of moving from existential anxiety about the country's future role, to anchoring UK foreign policy in and around such home turfs. Tracing the emergence and evolution of the ‘Global Britain’ narrative in official UK discourse, we find that ‘Global Britain’ gradually homed in on two secure narrative bases: first, security and defence; and second, the Anglosphere and Euro-Atlantic.
Australia’s Investigation of Alleged ADF War Crimes in Afghanistan
Authors: Flint Julia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines Australia’s obligation to investigate war crimes in the context of its obligations under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This obligation is contrasted with Australia’s investigation of war crimes to date, with a particular focus on the current investigations into alleged war crimes by Australian Defence Forces in Afghanistan. The article then discusses the jurisdiction of the ICC, and the important effect of the principle of complementarity under Article 17 of the Rome Statute. The article concludes by assessing the future of war crimes investigations in Australia, drawing attention to the lessons which can be learned moving forward — both domestically and by other states facing allegations of war crimes committed by their own forces.
Modelling change processes in multivariate interrupted time series data using a multivariate dynamic additive model: An application to heart rate and blood pressure self-monitoring in heart failure with drug changes
Authors: Cho Sun-Joo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) measured by a patient can be used to monitor response to pharmacologic therapies. Continuously measured HR and BP are multivariate time series as sequences of values at regularly spaced intervals over time and changes in pharmacologic therapies interrupt the multivariate time series and create phases. In the multivariate interrupted time series, there are change processes in multiple phases, such as level changes, linear or non-linear trend changes, and time-varying serial dependence. This paper presents an application of a multivariate dynamic additive model to account for these change processes. In addition, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the model’s parameter recovery and to demonstrate the consequences of ignoring the time-varying serial dependence in HR and BP when detecting level changes and trend changes. The results of the simulation study show that the accuracy and precision of parameter estimates are satisfactory. Furthermore, the simulation results present that ignoring time-varying serial dependence in the same conditions as those found in the application results in biased estimates and standard errors for the level changes and trend changes.
The dragon-II simulations – II. Formation mechanisms, mass, and spin of intermediate-mass black holes in star clusters with up to 1 million stars
Authors: Arca Sedda Manuel , Kamlah Albrecht W H , Spurzem Rainer , Rizzuto Francesco Paolo , Naab Thorsten , Giersz Mirek , Berczik Peter 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The processes that govern the formation of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in dense stellar clusters are still unclear. Here, we discuss the role of stellar mergers, star–BH interactions, and accretion, as well as BH binary (BBH) mergers in seeding and growing IMBHs in the Dragon-II simulation database, a suite of 19 direct N-body models representing dense clusters with up to 106 stars. Dragon-II IMBHs have typical masses of mIMBH = (100–380) M⊙ and relatively large spins χIMBH &gt; 0.6. We find a link between the IMBH formation mechanism and the cluster structure. In clusters denser than 3 × 105 M⊙ pc−3, the collapse of massive star collision products represents the dominant IMBH formation process, leading to the formation of heavy IMBHs (mIMBH &gt; 200 M⊙), possibly slowly rotating, that form over times &lt;5 Myr and grow further via stellar accretion and mergers in just &lt;30 Myr. BBH mergers are the dominant IMBH formation channel in less dense clusters, for which we find that the looser the cluster, the longer the formation time (10–300 Myr) and the larger the IMBH mass, although remaining within 200 M⊙. Strong dynamical scatterings and relativistic recoil efficiently eject all IMBHs in Dragon-II clusters, suggesting that IMBHs in this type of cluster are unlikely to grow beyond a few 102 M⊙.
Stellar mass dependence of galaxy size–dark matter halo radius relation probed by Subaru-HSC survey weak lensing measurements
Authors: Mishra Preetish K , Rana Divya , More Surhud 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the stellar mass dependence of the galaxy size–dark matter halo radius relation for low-redshift galaxies using weak gravitational lensing measurements. Our sample consists of ∼38 000 galaxies more massive than $10^{8}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }\, h^{-2}$ and within z &lt; 0.3 drawn from the overlap of Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey data release 4 and HSC-SSP PDR2. We divide our sample into a number of stellar mass bins and measure stacked weak lensing signals. We model the signals using a conditional stellar mass function to infer the stellar mass–halo mass relation. We fit a single Sérsic model to HSC i-band images of our galaxies and obtain their three-dimensional half-light radii. We use these measurements to construct a median galaxy size–mass relation. We then combine these relations to infer the galaxy size–halo radius relation. We confirm that this relation appears linear, given the statistical errors, i.e. the ratio of galaxy size to halo radius remains constant over two orders of magnitudes in stellar mass above $\sim 10^{9} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }\, h^{-2}$. Extrapolating the stellar mass–halo mass relation below this limit, we see an indication of a decreasing galaxy size–halo radius ratio with the decline in stellar mass. At stellar mass $\sim 10^{8} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }\, h^{-2}$, the ratio becomes 30 per cent smaller than its value in linear regime. The possible existence of a such trend in dwarf galaxy sectors calls for either modification in models employing a constant fraction of halo angular momentum transferred to explain sizes of dwarfs or else points towards our lack of knowledge about dark matter haloes of low-mass galaxies.
A Chandra X-ray study of millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster Omega Centauri: a correlation between spider pulsar companion mass and X-ray luminosity
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Heinke Craig O 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are faint X-ray sources commonly observed in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). In this work, we investigate 18 MSPs newly found in the GC Omega Centauri (ω Cen) and search for their X-ray counterparts using Chandra observations with a total exposure time of 290.9 ks. We identify confident X-ray counterparts for 11 of the MSPs, with 9 of them newly identified in this work based on their positions, spectral properties, and X-ray colours. The X-ray spectra of nine MSPs are well described by a neutron star hydrogen atmosphere model, while two MSPs are well fitted by a power-law model. The identified MSPs have X-ray luminosities ranging from 1.0 × 1030 to 1.4 × 1031 erg s−1. Additionally, for population comparison purposes, we study the X-ray counterpart to MSP E in the GC M71, and find its X-ray spectrum is well described by blackbody-like models with a luminosity of 1.9 × 1030 erg s−1. We investigate the empirical correlations between X-ray luminosities and minimum companion masses, as well as mass functions, of spider pulsars. Clear correlations are observed, with best-fitting functions of log10LX = (1.0 ± 0.1)log10Mc, min + (32.5 ± 0.2) and (0.35 ± 0.04)log10MF + (32.71 ± 0.20), respectively, with an intrinsic scatter of log10LX of ∼0.3, where LX is the 0.5–10 keV X-ray luminosity, Mc, min is the minimum companion mass, and MF represents the mass function, in solar masses.
Small body harvest with the Antarctic Search for Transiting Exoplanets (ASTEP) project
Authors: Hasler S N , Burdanov A Y , de Wit J , Dransfield G , Abe L , Agabi A , Bendjoya P , Crouzet N , Guillot T , Mékarnia D , Schmider F X , Suarez O , Triaud A H M J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Small Solar system bodies serve as pristine records that have been minimally altered since their formation. Their observations provide valuable information regarding the formation and evolution of our Solar system. Interstellar objects can also provide insight on the formation of exoplanetary systems and planetary system evolution as a whole. In this work, we present the application of our framework to search for small Solar system bodies in exoplanet transit survey data collected by the Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets (ASTEP) project. We analysed data collected during the Austral winter of 2021 by the ASTEP 400 telescope located at the Concordia Station, at Dome C, Antarctica. We identified 20 known objects from dynamical classes ranging from Inner Main-belt asteroids to one comet. Our search recovered known objects down to a magnitude of V = 20.4 mag, with a retrieval rate of ∼80 per cent for objects with V ≤ 20 mag. Future work will apply the pipeline to archival ASTEP data that observed fields for periods of longer than a few hours to treat them as deep-drilling data sets and reach fainter limiting magnitudes for slow-moving objects, on the order of V ≈ 23–24 mag.
Kiryas Joel and Satmar
Authors: Myers David N. 
Published: September 2023

Hasidism was the powerful Jewish pietist movement that took rise in eastern Europe in the late 18th century and spread widely throughout the region in the 19th century. Among the places where Hasidism found a particularly receptive audience was Hungary, especially the northeast quadrant known as the Unterland. It was there that the Teitelbaum family of rabbis emerged as purveyors of a stringent form of religious Orthodoxy that came to be known as haredi. A scion of the family, Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum (b. 1887–d. 1979), was appointed rabbi of the city of Satu Mare, Romania (formerly Szatmár, Hungary) in 1928; after six years of opposition in the city, he assumed his new job in 1934, thereby inaugurating the Satmar movement of Hasidism. Unlike most of his followers (and for some, quite controversially), Teitelbaum survived World War II, and eventually made his way to the United States in 1946. There he settled in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn and began the work of rebuilding the Satmar community. Over the course of the past seventy years, the Satmars have grown into the largest Hasidic group in the world with some 150,000 estimated members in North America, Europe, Israel, South America, and Australia. One of Rabbi Teitelbaum’s goals upon settling in the United States was to create, alongside the home base in Williamsburg, an enclave outside of the city where members of the Satmar flock could lead their traditional lives without interference. It took decades to find an appropriate site at a remove from New York City, but still close enough to commute for employment. In the early 1970s, Rabbi Teitelbaum’s advisors, to whom he entrusted the task of finding a venue, purchased land in the town of Monroe in Orange County, New York. In the summer of 1974, the first Satmar settlers began arriving from Brooklyn to the newly built neighborhood in Monroe that was called “Kiryas Joel,” the village of Joel. In 1977, after several years of conflict with town officials, the Satmar community was officially incorporated as the village of Kiryas Joel within the town of Monroe. The community has grown from the first hundred residents in 1974 to over thirty thousand residents today, almost all of whom are Satmar Hasidim. In 2019, Kiryas Joel residents ended decades of acrimony by exiting the town of Monroe altogether to create the new town of Palm Tree (the English for Teitelbaum).
Social innovation, transformation, and public policy: towards a conceptualization and critical appraisal
Authors: Edler Jakob , Ostertag Katrin , Schuler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article conceptualizes the role of social innovation (SI) in transformational innovation policy, identifies policy options, and points out potential risks of mobilizing SI for transformations. We illustrate our conceptual claims based on selected policy examples and propose a set of distinctions about the basic role of policy for SI in the context of transformation. We distinguish the importance of SI for the two policy approaches: transformative innovation policy and mission-oriented innovation policy. It follows that politics must differentiate between the various types of SI and their different significance for missions and transformations. To decide whether and how policy intervenes, ex ante and ex post analyses of the transformational effects of SI and the policies that act on them must be developed and applied. It is crucial to accompany and promote the diversity of SIs politically in such a way that they can constructively unfold their transformation potential.
DNA methylome profiling in occupational radon exposure miners using an Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip
Authors: Zhang Pinhua , Wu Yunyun , Piao Chunnan , Song Yanchao , Zhao Yanfang , Lyu Yumin , Sun Quanfu , Liu Jianxiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
A causal relationship between occupational radon exposure in underground miners and lung cancer risk has been demonstrated through large cohort epidemiological studies. However, the mechanisms by which radon exposure causes adverse effects on lung tissue remain unclear. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation may provide new insights into interactions at molecular levels induced by prolonged radon exposure.

Methods
We used the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850 K BeadChip to detect and compare genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood samples from underground miners (n = 14) and aboveground workers (n = 9).

Results
The average concentration of radon in underground workplaces was significantly higher than that of aboveground places (1,198 Bq·m−3 vs 58 Bq·m−3, p &lt; 0.001). A total of 191 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) corresponding to 104 hub genes were identified when |Δβ| ≥ 0.1 and p &lt; 0.05, with 107 hypermethylated sites and 84 hypomethylated sites. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that differentially methylated genes between underground miners and aboveground workers were prominently enriched in pathways/networks involved in neurotransmitter regulation, immunomodulatory effects and cell adhesion ability. Furthermore, methylation changes of selected genes FERMT1, ALCAM, HLA-DPA1, PON1 and OR2L13 were validated by pyrosequencing, which may play vital roles in these biological processes induced by radon.

Conclusion
In summary, the DNA methylation pattern of the underground miners exposed to radon was distinct from that of the aboveground workers. Such abnormalities in the genomic DNA methylation profile associated with prolonged radon exposure are worth studying in terms of neuro- and immune-system regulation, as well as cell adhesion ability in the future.
Nursing Students’ Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support for Patients in Rural Primary Care
Authors: Abuatiq Alham , Brown Robin , Kvigne Valborg , Schmit Marie , Hultman Cassy , Plemmons Christina , Currier Danielle , Mennenga Heidi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There is currently no evidence of undergraduate nursing students’ self-efficacy and performance in self-management support for chronic diseases in rural primary care. Using the Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support instrument, this quasi-experimental study assessed students’ self-efficacy and performance in self-management support before and after implementation of a primary care enhanced curriculum. Nursing students (n = 140) reported a significant increase in total mean scores (pretest, M = 268.01; posttest, M = 289.51), p = .0001. Providing a primary care enhanced curriculum increased nursing students’ self-efficacy and performance in self-management support.
Tracheal Agenesis
Authors: Hackman Pamela S. , Stephens Heather 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Tracheal agenesis is a rare and often fatal congenital anomaly that occurs early in fetal development. Tracheal agenesis occurs in one in 50,000 to 100,000 live births. This case study describes the nursing aspect of caring for this type of patient.

Clinical Findings:
Airway anomalies in neonates can be diagnosed immediately at birth or later when the infant develops respiratory distress or respiratory failure. Diagnosis and management of tracheal agenesis is difficult and a complex problem requiring a multidisciplinary medical team's expert approach for its treatment.

Primary Diagnosis:
Respiratory distress syndrome versus tracheoesophageal fistula was suspected.

Interventions:
The infant quickly decompensated, requiring intubation and eventual transfer to our tertiary care center for further evaluation of a possible airway anomaly. Because of deteriorating status, surgery was performed, and it was discovered the patient had tracheal agenesis, requiring the development of a 3-dimensional trachea specific for this patient.

Outcomes:
This article describes the nursing aspect of caring for this type of patient.

Practice Recommendations:
This article describes the success of nursing interventions and teamwork among nursing and the multidisciplinary team for the successful discharge of this patient home to her family.
Predictors of Stress Exposure in Hospitalized Preterm Infants
Authors: Nist Marliese Dion , Harrison Tondi M. , Shoben Abigail B. , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Stress exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with poor outcomes in preterm infants. However, factors predicting subsequent NICU stress exposure have not been identified.

Purpose:
To characterize NICU stressors experienced by preterm infants during the first 2 weeks of life and identify demographic, perinatal, and institutional variables associated with stress exposure.

Methods:
A secondary analysis of data from a nonexperimental, prospective study was conducted using data from 60 very preterm infants born 28 to 31 weeks gestational age. Stress exposures during the first 2 weeks of life, operationalized as number of invasive procedures, were characterized by type and quantity for each infant using data extracted from electronic health records. Associations between number of invasive procedures and demographic, perinatal, or institutional variables were analyzed using linear regressions with robust standard errors.

Results:
Preterm infants experienced, on average, 98 (SD = 41.8) invasive procedures. Of these invasive procedures, nasal and/or oral suctioning episodes (58.1%), followed by skin-breaking procedures (32.6%), were most frequent. Differences in the number of invasive procedures were found for maternal race; infants born to Black mothers experienced fewer total invasive procedures than infants born to White mothers. The number of invasive procedures also varied across NICUs.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Preterm infant stress exposure differed by maternal race and NICU, consistent with research findings of differential treatment of diverse infants. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for these differences and to identify best practices to standardize neonatal care.
Foreign Language Acquisition in Adolescent Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Everhardt Marita K. , Jung Dorit Enja , Stiensma Berrit , Lowie Wander , Başkent Deniz , Sarampalis Anastasios 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
This study explores to what degree adolescent cochlear implant (CI) users can learn a foreign language in a school setting similar to their normal-hearing (NH) peers despite the degraded auditory input.

Design:
A group of native Dutch adolescent CI users (age range 13 to 17 years) learning English as a foreign language at secondary school and a group of NH controls (age range 12 to 15 years) were assessed on their Dutch and English language skills using various language tasks that either relied on the processing of auditory information (i.e., listening task) or on the processing of orthographic information (i.e., reading and/or gap-fill task). The test battery also included various auditory and cognitive tasks to assess whether the auditory and cognitive functioning of the learners could explain the potential variation in language skills.

Results:
Results showed that adolescent CI users can learn English as a foreign language, as the English language skills of the CI users and their NH peers were comparable when assessed with reading or gap-fill tasks. However, the performance of the adolescent CI users was lower for English listening tasks. This discrepancy between task performance was not observed in their native language Dutch. The auditory tasks confirmed that the adolescent CI users had coarser temporal and spectral resolution than their NH peers, supporting the notion that the difference in foreign language listening skills may be due to a difference in auditory functioning. No differences in the cognitive functioning of the CI users and their NH peers were found that could explain the variation in the foreign language listening tasks.

Conclusions:
In short, acquiring a foreign language with degraded auditory input appears to affect foreign language listening skills, yet does not appear to impact foreign language skills when assessed with tasks that rely on the processing of orthographic information. CI users could take advantage of orthographic information to facilitate foreign language acquisition and potentially support the development of listening-based foreign language skills.