bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the role of eye movement pattern and consistency in isolated English word reading through hidden Markov modelling
Authors: Liao Weiyan , Hsiao Janet Hui-wen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In isolated English word reading, readers have the optimal performance when their initial eye fixation is directed to the area between the beginning and word center, i.e., the optimal viewing position (OVP). Thus, how well readers voluntarily direct eye gaze to this OVP during isolated word reading may predict reading performance. Using Eye Movement analysis with Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM), we discovered two representative eye movement patterns during lexical decisions through clustering, which focused at the OVP and the word center respectively. Higher eye movement similarity to the OVP-focusing pattern predicted faster lexical decision time in addition to cognitive abilities and lexical knowledge. However, the OVP-focusing pattern was associated with longer isolated single letter naming time, suggesting conflicting visual abilities required for identifying isolated letters and multi-letter words. In pseudoword naming, higher consistency of the first fixation as measured in entropy predicted faster naming time in addition to cognitive abilities and lexical knowledge. In contrast, word naming performance was better predicted by lexical knowledge but not eye movement measures. Thus, developing a consistent eye movement pattern focusing on the OVP is essential for word orthographic processing and reading fluency. This finding has important implications for interventions for reading difficulties.
Impact of Chitosan-incorporated Toothpaste on Roughness, Gloss, and Antifungal Potential of Acrylic Resin
Authors: Theodorovicz Kaye Varaschin , Vieira-Junior Waldemir Franscisco , Garcia Raíssa Manoel , Gobbi Ludmila Pini Simões , Mori Mariana Mayume , Filho Benedito Prado Dias , Lima Debora Alves Nunes Leite , Sundfeld Daniel , Pini Núbia Inocencya Pavesi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to test the efficacy of different silica-based toothpastes with or without chitosan, as a method of cleaning the acrylic surfaces of denture prostheses. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared to evaluate surface roughness and gloss (n = 10), and Candida albicans adhesion/inhibition (n = 2). Two toothpastes with different degrees of abrasiveness were used: Colgate (CT) and Elmex (EX), with or without 0.5% chitosan (Ch) microparticles (CTCh or EXCh, respectively). The negative control was brushed with distilled water. Brushing was simulated with a machine. Surface roughness and gloss were analyzed before and after brushing. Candida albicans incidence/inhibition was tested qualitatively to determine the acrylic resin antifungal activity. The roughness and gloss data were analyzed with a generalized linear model, and the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests, respectively (α = 5%). Brushing with toothpastes increased roughness and reduced gloss, compared with the negative control (p < 0.05). CT showed a more significantly different change in roughness and gloss, in relation to the other groups (p < 0.05). Addition of chitosan to CT reduced its abrasive potential, and yielded results similar to those of EX and EXCh. Specimens brushed with CT showed a higher potential for Candida albicans adherence, despite its higher antifungal action. Addition of chitosan to the toothpaste made both toothpaste and brushing more effective in inhibiting Candida albicans. CT had the potential to increase roughness, reduce gloss, and increase Candida albicans adherence. In contrast, chitosan added to CT showed greater antifungal potential, and a higher synergistic effect than EX.
Clinical features of Temporomandibular disorders: validity and reliability of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index in Persian
Authors: anbari fahime , Taghavi Farnoosh , Khalighi Hamidreza , zadeh Sara Tavakoli , Ahmadi Shayan , khosousisani sahba 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of disorders associated with masticatory dysfunction and include pain in masticatory muscles or temporomandibular joint (TMJ), limitation in mandibular movement, and clicking in the joint. Nowadays TMD is a worldwide problem. TMDs are usually diagnosed late because of the unawareness of patients and this results in complicated surgical treatments. So early diagnosis and treatment of TMD are essential.
Methods: We translated the Fonseca’s Anamnestic Index (FAI) from the English version to Persian and then checked its reliability and validity. The following data for 350 patients were recorded: demographic information, subjective symptoms based on FAI, and objective signs (presence of joint noise, maximum opening of jaws, occlusion type, presence of crossbite, and deviation).
Results: 350 patients precipitated in this study. Based on FAI scores 161(46%) people had TMD. There was no significant difference between occlusion classes in terms of the frequency of TMD. There was a significant difference between gender, cross-bite status, presence of TMJ sounds, short toothless space or no toothless space, and number of missing teeth in terms of TMD frequency. There was no significant difference between the mean maximum mouth opening and severity of TMD. There was a significant difference between deviation, deflection, or straight mouth opening in terms of severity of TMD.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the FAI in the Persian language. Our results showed there was a significant relationship between the severity of TMD and gender, unilateral posterior crossbite, deviation in mouth opening, joint sounds, the length and location of edentulous space, and the mean of the number of missing teeth.
Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes in Qualified and Non-Qualified Medicare Admissions in a Long-Term Acute Care Hospital During Year One of the Pandemic Waiver Period
Authors: Grevelding Pete , Corbett John , Hrdlicka Henry C. , Chieffo Christopher B. , Sullivan Kathleen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To compare the characteristics and outcomes of Medicare insured patients admitted to the long-term acute care hospital (LTCH) setting, before and during the first year of the CARES Act, and to determine whether there is functional benefit or projected cost-savings associated with admitting non-qualified patients beyond the waiver period.
Data Source and Study Setting:
Using the LTRAX outcome and demographic reporting system, primary data was collected for all Medicare insured patients admitted March 2019 through February 2021. Study activities were conducted at an independent LTCH located in Connecticut, USA.
Study Design:
This was a single-site retrospective cohort study. For each cohort, demographics and CMS required assistance scores for metrics such as self-care, communication, and functional mobility were compared. A sub-analysis of the stroke population was also conducted.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods:
Collected data were separated by admission date [historic control cohort (March 2019 through February 2020) or COVID-19 cohort (March 2020 through February 2021)] and qualified status.
Principle Findings:
Analysis revealed that non-qualified and qualified Medicare patients admitted before and during the COVID-19 waiver period were characteristically similar, were functionally similar at admission, and received a similar significant rehabilitation benefit. The stroke sub-analysis again demonstrated functional similarities between cohorts. However, in this sub-population, the traditionally non-qualified population saw a significant increase in the proportion of patients discharged home and a significant reduction in acute care readmissions within 30-days post LTCH discharge.
Conclusions:
Despite not meeting the three-midnight qualification, the non-qualified population was functionally similar at admission and received a similar rehabilitation benefit as the qualified population, while discharging home more often. This data then makes a compelling case to eliminate the three-midnight stay qualifier for LTCH admission, which would ultimately improve the rehabilitation outcomes and decrease the lifetime cost of care and caregiver burden for the traditionally non-qualified Medicare population.
Disaster processes-based spatiotemporal characteristics of apricot frost in the warm temperate zone (WTZ), China
Authors: Yang jianying , Zhang Lei , Huo  , Wang Peijuan , Wu Dingrong , Ma Yuping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Frost stress is a major environmental factor that limits apricot growth in the warm temperate zone (WTZ) of China, and is always triggered by extreme low temperature weather processes. In this study, the characteristics of the apricot frost processes f(D,Tcum), which were identified from historical disaster representation, were analyzed and apricot frost evaluation indicators were developed, thus facilitating the process-based assessment and spatiotemporal analysis of apricot frost processes. Periods of low temperature that persist for 1~2, 3 and ≥4 days (i.e., duration days, D) provide the initial identification indicator for light, moderate and severe apricot frost. The threshold ranges for Tcum are 0~3.9, 9.2~12.0 and >16.2 for D values of 1~2, 3 and ≥4, respectively. The northwest of the WTZ is dominated by apricot frost, with approximately 80% of apricot frost being light, followed by moderate and severe. Regional apricot frost exhibited a significant decreasing trend over the last four decades. A total of 29.65% of stations, which were mainly located in the northwest and middle parts of the study region, detected an increasing trend in apricot frost. The results provide technical support for targeted apricot frost level detection, and the process-based spatiotemporal characteristics of apricot frost can provide basic information for the prevention and mitigation of apricot frost.
Development of a method to discriminate salt sensitivity in hypertension by single-nephron blood flow (SNBF) index and new insights into the relationship between SNBF and hypertension.
Authors: Kunimi Motoei , Takizawa Toshikazu , Tamura Koichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
More than 95% of hypertensive patients have essential hypertension, which can be divided into salt-resistant hypertension (SRH) and salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH). They differ in several aspects. If they can be easily diagnosed, treatment, complications and prognosis can be improved. But there is no easy way to differentiate them. We focused on renal salt excretion process and renal blood flow (RBF). RBF of SRH decreases by increasing renal vascular resistance, and RBF of SSH increases by fluid accumulation for decreasing salt excretion efficiency. Since both can be distinguished by measuring RBF, we created a renal blood flow index using uric acid. Then, we divided RBF into 2 categories: whole renal blood flow (WRBF) and single-nephron blood flow (SNBF). We studied in 26 SRH and 16 SSH patients from 3/1/ to 30/11, 2018. SSH was higher than SRH in WRBF and SNBF, with no significant difference in WRBF (81.3±29.8 vs 73.3±32.4, p=0.43), but significant difference in SNBF (1.94±0.75 vs 1.04±0.39, P<0.01), suggesting that SNBF can distinguish SSH and SRH. Therefore, SNBF allows differentiation between SRH and SSH, and this study showed that essential hypertension is an abnormal condition in which SNBF is increased or decreased from the physiological range of SNBF.
An Efficient Blockchain-Based Framework For File Sharing
Authors: Peng Wanzong , Lu Tongliang , Wang Zhongpan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
File sharing is the foundation of the Internet. But the traditional centralized service architecture will result in huge infrastructure costs and maintenance costs. Due to the lack of effective file management system, a lot of sensitive information is out of control and loss of confidentiality document has occur from time to time. In order to address the difficulty of tamper detection and the lack of supervision in the entire process of file transmission in the current Internet environment, this paper designs a block-chain-based system architecture for secure sharing of electronic documents. An efficient Blockchain model is used in our framework, and with the help of distributed storage system and asymmetric encryption technology, file sharing can be controlled, reliable and traceable in the transmission process.Referring to existing consensus mechanism, e.g., Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), we propose a new consensus for efficient and secure file sharing.
Identification of candidate genes associated with host-seeking behavior in the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Authors: Wulff Juan P. , Traverso Lucila M. , Latorre-Estivalis Jose M. , Segura Diego F. , Lanzavecchia Silvia B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Diachasmimorpha longicaudata is a hymenopteran fruit fly endoparasitoid. Females of this species find their hosts for oviposition by using complex sensorial mechanisms in response to physical and chemical stimuli associated with the host and host habitat. Ecological and behavioral aspects related to host-seeking behavior for oviposition have been extensively studied in D. longicaudata, including the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acting as attractants to females. In this sense, molecular mechanisms of chemoreception have been explored in this species, including a preliminary characterization of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant receptors (ORs), among other proteins. Functional assays on OBP and CSP have been conducted as a first approach to identify molecular mechanisms associated with the female host-seeking behavior for oviposition. The aims of the present study were to identify the D. longicaudata sensory gene repertoire expressed in the antenna of sexually mature and mated individuals of both sexes, and subsequently, characterize transcripts differentially expressed in the antennae of females, in order to identify candidate genes associated with the female host-seeking behavior for oviposition.
Results: A total of 33,745 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDS) were obtained from a de novo antennal transcriptome assembly, and 10 sensory-related gene families were annotated as follows: 222 ORs, 44 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 25gustatory receptors (GRs), 10 CSPs, 15 OBPs, 2 ammonium transporters (AMTs), 8 pickpocket (PPKs) receptors, 16 transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, 12 CD36/SNMPs and 3 Niemann-Pick type C2 like proteins (NPC2-like). Ninety sensory receptors were differentially expressed between females and males, 86 of which were annotated as ORs and 81 were upregulated in the female antennae.
Conclusions: The sensory gene repertoire of D. longicaudata was similar to that of other taxonomically related parasitoid wasps. We identified a high number of ORs upregulated in the female antenna. These results may indicate that this gene family has a central role in the chemoreception of sexually mature females during the search for hosts and host habitats for reproductive purposes.
Experience with the Management of 2599 Cases of Congenital Muscular Torticollis and a Multicenter Epidemiological Investigation in 17 Hospitals in China
Authors: Zhao Zhenhui , Deng Hansheng , Li Yuanheng , Wang Xinyu , Tang Geng , Zeng Yueping , Xu Hui , Yang Qisong , Wu Zhengyu , Li Shicheng , Cui Zhiwen , Feng Guoshuang , Fu Guibing , Tang Shengping , Xiong Zhu , Qiu Xin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common musculoskeletal disease affecting infants and young children. Summarizing the treatment options for CMT will aid in promoting a standardized treatment for CMT.Methods The general clinical and ultrasonographic data of children with CMT who received a three-step standardized treatment plan at our hospital from 2004 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Children with CMT were grouped according to the characteristics of ultrasound examination and treatment outcomes. General clinical information, treatment, and ultrasound examination data of children in each group were compared. Additionally, electronic medical records of patients admitted due to CMT in 17 tertiary children’s hospitals of China’s Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development (FRCPD) from 2015 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data on sex, age, year of admission and discharge, and treatment cost during hospitalization were extracted from the first medical record pages according to the ICD codes.Results Three types of CMT were defined based on sternocleidomastoid muscle ultrasound examination characteristics: local mass, uniform thickening, and atrophy. From 2015 to 2020, the 5-year average age at surgery for CMT in 17 tertiary children’s hospitals of the FRCPD was 50 months. Overall, 663 children with CMT were 1–2 years of age, accounting for the largest proportion (28.3%).Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the conservative treatment success rate and achieve good prognosis in children with CMT. Our research team’s three-step standardized treatment plan has a high conservative treatment success rate and may facilitate the achievement of better prognosis.
Constructions of codes with weighted poset block metrics
Authors: Ma Wen , Luo Jinquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Weighted poset block metric is a generalization of weighted poset metric introduced by Panek et al. ([14]) and the metric for linear error-block codes introduced by Feng et al. ([7]). This type of metrics includes many classical metrics such as Hamming metric, Lee metric, poset metric, pomset metric, poset block metric, pomset block metric and so on. In this work, we focus on constructing new codes under weighted poset block metric from given ones. Some basic properties such as minimum distance and covering radius are determined.
Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of the root canal morphology of primary molars
Authors: Rahmati Afsaneh , Khoshbin Elham , Shokri Abbas , Yalfani Hadis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the root canal morphology of primary molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 60 maxillary and mandibular primary first and second molars on CBCT scans of patients retrieved from the archives of Hamadan School of Dentistry between 2018-2020. The teeth were evaluated regarding the number of roots and canals, canal type according to the Vertucci’s classification, and root surface concavities. Data were analyzed descriptively and by independent t-test.
Results: The most frequent number of canals and roots in the maxillary right and left first molars was 3 canals (60%) and 3 roots (80%). These values were 4 canals (80%) and 5 canals (50%) with 3 roots in the maxillary right and left second molars, respectively, 4 canals (100%) and 2 roots (50%), and 3 canals (60%) and 2 roots (50%) in mandibular right and left first molars, respectively, and 4 canals (92.3%) and 3 roots (61.5%) in mandibular right and left second molars. Vertucci’s type IV was the most common canal type in mesial and distal canals, type I was the most common in mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual, and types I and II were the most common in the palatal canal. The maximum and minimum concavities were noted in the buccal (26.7%) and mesial (8.3%) surfaces, respectively.
Conclusions: A wide variation exists in the number of roots and canals of maxillary and mandibular primary molars, which calls for further attention in treatment of such teeth.
Immediate application of low-intensity electrical noise reduced responses to visual perturbations during walking in individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sansare Ashwini , Arcodia Maelyn , Lee Samuel C.K. , Jeka John , Reimann Hendrik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) compensate for deficits in somatosensory processing by relying on visual input over proprioception for balance control. Upweighting, i.e., increasing reliance on proprioception, helps free up vision for high-level use like navigation and obstacle avoidance. We hypothesize that children with CP will be able to upweight proprioception and reduce visual reliance if their proprioception is improved. A promising technique to improve proprioception is the use of Stochastic Resonance (SR) stimulation, which uses random, sub-sensory, electrical current to improve proprioception. The aim of this study is to investigate if SR stimulation results in reduced reliance on vision during visually perturbed walking in individuals with and without CP. We hypothesized that the responses to visual perturbations would be smaller with SR stimulation vs. without SR. We also investigated how the two balance mechanisms driving the responses to the visual perturbations, ankle roll and foot placement, were affected by SR stimulation.
Methods: Seventeen ambulatory individuals (age 16.3 ± 4.3, 8 males) with spastic diplegic or hemiplegic CP and seventeen age-and sex-matched individuals with typical development (TD, age 16.1 ± 4.2) were recruited. SR stimulation was applied to the muscles and ligaments of ankle and hip joints. Participants walked on a self-paced treadmill in a virtual reality environment that induced a visual perturbation in the frontal plane once every 10-12 steps. Participants completed three trials of two minutes each of SR stimulation (SR) and no stimulation (noSR) in randomized order. We performed two-way mixed ANOVAs, with group (CP, TD) as between-subject and condition (noSR, SR) as within-subject factors.
Results:The response to visual perturbations was significantly smaller with SR in the CP group (p<0.001), but not in the TD group (p=0.883). There was no significant effect of stimulation on the use of ankle roll and foot placement in either group.
Conclusion:The reduced response to visual perturbations in the CP group supports our hypothesis that SR stimulation allows children with CP to upweight proprioception and reduce visual reliance. However, the balance mechanisms that are driving these changes in the response to visual perturbation are unclear.
Gratitude and academic engagement: multiple mediating effects of internal locus of control and subjective well-being
Authors: Cui Hongbo , Chen Weiyu , Bi Xiaoyan , Li Jiayu , Song Meidan , Gao Tao , Ma Yankun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between gratitude and academic engagement among Chinese high school students, exploring the mediating effects of internal locus of control and subjective well-being. The students of some high schools in Guangzhou were surveyed using the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the School Engagement Questionnaire, the Levenson’s IPC Scale, and the General Well-being Schedule, and 708 valid questionnaires were collected. Results showed a significant positive relationship between gratitude and academic engagement; internal locus of control and subjective well-being played a mediating role between gratitude and academic engagement, respectively; internal locus of control and subjective well-being played a chain mediating role between gratitude and academic engagement. These findings suggest that we can promote students' academic engagement not only by cultivating their gratitude, but also by improving their internal locus of control and subjective well-being.