bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Medication Recommendation: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Ali Zafar , Huang Yi , Ullah Irfan , Feng Junlan , Deng Chao , Thierry Nimbeshaho , Khan Asad , Jan Asim Ullah , Shen Xiaoli , Rui Wu , Qi Guilin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Making medication prescriptions in response to the patient's diagnosis is a challenging task. The number of pharmaceutical companies, their inventory of medicines, and the recommended dosage confront a doctor with the well-known problem of information and cognitive overload. To assist a medical practitioner in making informed decisions regarding a medical prescription to a patient, researchers have exploited electronic health records (EHRs) in automatically recommending medication. In recent years, medication recommendation using EHRs has been a salient research direction, which has attracted researchers to apply various deep learning (DL) models to the EHRs of patients in recommending prescriptions. Yet, in the absence of a holistic survey article, it needs a lot of effort and time to study these publications in order to understand the current state of research and identify the best-performing models along with the trends and challenges. To fill this research gap, this survey reports on state-of-the-art DL-based medication recommendation methods. It reviews the classification of DL-based medication recommendation (MR) models, compares their performance, and the unavoidable issues they face. It reports on the most common datasets and metrics used in evaluating MR models. The findings of this study have implications for researchers interested in MR models.
Comparison of the Performance of the Observation-Based Hybrid EDMF and EDMF-TKE PBL Schemes in 2020 Tropical Cyclone Forecasts from the Global-Nested Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System
Authors: Hazelton Andrew , Zhang Jun A. , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Better representation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in numerical models is one of the keys to improving forecasts of TC structure and intensity, including rapid intensification. To meet this goal, our recent work has used observations to improve the eddy-diffusivity mass flux with prognostic turbulent kinetic energy (EDMF-TKE) PBL scheme in the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS). This study builds on that work by comparing a modified version of EDMF-TKE (MEDMF-TKE) with the hybrid EDMF scheme based on a K-profile method (HEDMF-KP) in the 2020 HAFS-globalnest model. Verification statistics based on 101 cases in the 2020 season demonstrate that MEDMF-TKE improves track forecasts, with a reduction in a large right bias seen in HEDMF-KP forecasts. The comparison of intensity performance is mixed, but the magnitude of low bias at early forecast hours is reduced with the use of the MEDMF-TKE scheme, which produces a wider range of TC intensities. Wind radii forecasts, particularly the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW), are also improved with the MEDMF-TKE scheme. Composites of TC inner-core structure in and above the PBL highlight and explain differences between the two sets of forecasts, with MEDMF-TKE having a stronger and shallower inflow layer, stronger eyewall vertical velocity, and more moisture in the eyewall region. A case study of Hurricane Laura shows that MEDMF-TKE better represented the subtropical ridge and thus the motion of the TC. Finally, analysis of Hurricane Delta through a tangential wind budget highlights how and why MEDMF-TKE leads to faster spinup of the vortex and a better prediction of rapid intensification.
Incarcerated Amyand Hernia Associated With Acute Appendicitis and Incidental Finding of Serrated Adenoma
Authors: McNamee Molly M. , Stolz Michael P. , Gibson Brian H. , Brown Cecil 
Published: February 2023

Background Amyand hernias are rare as they represent 0.5% of all hernias. An Amyand hernia that is discovered due to acute appendicitis is even rarer, accounting for approximately 0.11% of cases. Furthermore, appendiceal neoplasms are infrequently encountered in only 0.7–1.7% of appendectomy specimens. Purpose This paper presents the case of an 85 year-old man presenting with acute appendicitis located within an amyand hernia as well as a serrated adenoma noted on final pathology. Conclusions An Amyand hernia is a rare diagnosis. We proceeded with laparoscopic appendectomy and interval inguinal hernia repair. Pathology should be reviewed for all patients and proper follow up ensured for all incidental findings.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Trauma Patients: Early vs Delayed Initiation of Enteral Feeding
Authors: Garner Sydney M. , Reparaz Laura , Justice Jessica , Foster Alexandra P. , Litzenberger Stephanie , Bell Nathaniel , Schaller Stephanie L. , Spoor Kristen , Cull John , Watson Christopher M. , Dunkelberger Lindsey C. 
Published: February 2023

In critically ill trauma patients, adequate nutrition is essential for the body’s healing process. Currently, there is no clinical standard for initiating feeds after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. We aimed to demonstrate that early enteral nutrition (EN) is as safe as delayed EN in patients who have undergone PEG tube insertion. We conducted a multi-center, retrospective cohort study of 384 patients from the Prisma Health Trauma Registries who received PEGs. Feeding intolerance was defined as high gastric residuals, nausea, emesis, sustained diarrhea, or ileus. The probability that a patient would experience intolerance was 11.7% in those fed within 6 hours, 5.1% among patients fed between 6 and 12 hours, 6.0% among patients fed between 12 and 24 hours, and 7.6% among patients fed after 24 hours, for which no statistically significant difference was detected. These findings support that early EN after PEG placement is safe in critically ill, trauma patients.
From Attendance to Collaboration: Contextual Differences in Teacher Perceptions of Multilingual Family Engagement
Authors: Schultz Lyndsie Marie , Bonney Edwin Nii , Dorner Lisa M. , Song Kim 
Published: February 2023

Background/Context: There is a growing need for schools to examine the best ways of working with immigrant and multilingual families, as it is ever more likely that all teachers will work with multilingual newcomers and their children during their career. However, teachers often view multilingual families in deficit ways, and many teachers lack experience in designing culturally responsive school–family partnerships. Although professional development (PD) has been shown to positively impact teachers’ beliefs regarding actively engaging culturally and linguistically diverse families, it is not clear from the literature how such PD is taken up across different district contexts. Purpose/Objective/Research Question or Focus of Study: This article explores teachers' perceptions of multilingual family engagement across four distinct school districts involved in a PD project. We specifically asked: (1) How have teachers’ perceptions of immigrant/multilingual family engagement changed over the first year of a PD program? (2) How do teachers’ perceptions of multilingual family engagement differ across district contexts? Research Design: In this mixed-method study, we examine teacher survey responses, reflections, and researcher field notes from our first cohort of teachers ( n = 25) participating in our National Professional Development (NPD) grant project. We completed descriptive statistics to address our initial research question before exploring how context could be shaping the ways teachers implemented ideas from the PD. Next, teacher reflections and researcher field notes were analyzed following an ethnographic approach. Conclusions/Recommendations: We found that power-sharing approaches to family engagement were conceptualized by teachers along a continuum of relationship-building and power-sharing across districts. While PD can support teachers to develop family engagement beyond common and traditional practices, buy-in by teachers can be limited by district context and opportunities. Researchers providing PD need to recognize that discussions around power-sharing will look different depending on district context. Furthermore, providing this type of PD will require relationship-building with districts/teachers, ongoing support, and different amounts of time specific to the context(s) they are serving.
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Evidence of Prefrontal Regulation of Cognitive Flexibility in Adults With ADHD
Authors: Li Yaojin , Chen Jianwen , Zheng Xintong , Liu Jianxiu , Peng Cong , Liao Youguo 
Published: February 2023

Background: Executive function (EF) deficit is considered to be a core cognitive deficit in ADHD. The current study combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and numerical switching tasks to investigate the cognitive flexibility of adult ADHD as an important part of EF. Material and Methods: The Wender Utah Rating Scale and the adult ADHD self-rating scale were respectively used to assess ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood. A 22 adults with ADHD and 24 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the large/small and odd/even switching tasks. Results: Behavioral results were indicative of the ADHD switch costs being lower than the HCs. The fNIRS results also showed that ADHD’s frontal eye field was over-activated both in magnitude and switched judgment tasks. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was also over-activated in magnitude judgment tasks. Conclusion: These results revealed that adults with ADHD’s cognitive flexibility performed better than the HCs, which result is different from mainstream ideas that EF is a core deficit in ADHD.
Selective laser capsulotomy complications: Management and prevention
Authors: Romano Vito , Romano Davide , Iaria Antonio , Rovati Marco , Semeraro Francesco 
Published: February 2023

Purpose To report how to manage and prevent the incomplete laser cut and following uncut tags of anterior capsular lens, performed using the selective laser capsulotomy. Methods We describe three possible approaches: peeling the anterior capsulotomy disc with forceps, breaking the tags using the cystotomy needle tip, or cutting them using a 23-G vitrectomy scissors. Results Using the 23-G vitrectomy scissors resulted in no complication. Peeling the anterior capsulotomy using the forceps instead caused zonular stress with subsequent risks of zonular dialysis, whereas using the cystotomy needle tip resulted in irregular capsulotomy rim and weakness all along the capsulotomy edge where micro tears caused a tear during the rest of cataract surgery. Conclusion Incomplete laser cut and subsequent discontinuous capsulotomy results in the presence of multiple tags which create strong adherence between the central capsulotomy disc and the peripheral capsule. Key steps of the procedure to prevent an incomplete laser cut, which are the anterior lens capsule staining and laser beam focusing, and how to correctly manage them, which may shorten the learning curve and enhance the outcomes.
‘Without support CALD patients will be left behind’: A mixed-methods exploration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) client perspectives of telehealth and those of their healthcare providers
Authors: Brady Bernadette , Saberi Golsa , Santalucia Yvonne , Gorgees Paul , Nguyen Tran Thao , Le Hien , Sidhu Balwinder 
Published: February 2023

Introduction The rapid adoption of telehealth during the global pandemic has the potential to widen disparities for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) consumers. We explored the perspectives and experiences of CALD consumers accessing telehealth during the global pandemic and those of their healthcare providers. Methods A multistakeholder mixed-methods study involving two parallel samples comprising consumer–participants ( n = 56) and healthcare provider–participants ( n = 81). Multicultural consumer–participants, recruited from consecutive referrals to Health Language Services for telehealth support, were assisted to complete two surveys (before and after their clinical telehealth appointment) in their preferred language. A purposive sample of consumer–participants was interviewed to understand their perceived barriers and enablers of successful telehealth consultations. Simultaneously, all healthcare providers within the local health district were eligible to participate in an online survey if they had provided telehealth care to a consumer during the recruitment period. Closed-ended responses were descriptively summarised, while open-ended responses and interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Results Despite 86% of consumer–participants inexperienced with telehealth, 80% achieved a successful appointment with a healthcare provider. Consumer perceptions were shaped by cultural and diagnostic concepts of legitimacy, in the context of known accessibility and technology literacy challenges. Healthcare provider perspectives were less favourable towards telehealth, with equity of healthcare delivery a major concern. Discussion Our findings highlight unintended consequences arising from a rapid transition to telehealth. Adopting collaborative approaches to the design and implementation of telehealth is imperative to mitigate health inequities faced by CALD communities and maximise their opportunity to realise potential health benefits associated with telehealth.
MiR-214 Expression Is Elevated in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Mucosa and Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Responses in Undifferentiated Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Culture
Authors: Wang Zhou , Lin Dong , Zhao Yuxiang , Liu Hui , Yang Ting , Li An 
Published: February 2023

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airways. MicroRNAs (miRs) are reported to regulate several diverse physiological and pathological processes. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-214 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in human nasal epithelial cells. Methods The expression of miR-214 was detected in CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without polyps (CRSsNP) tissues. Cells were treated with LPS and a miR-214 inhibitor. The level of miR-214 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR). The inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IL-1β) and MUC5AC production were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA. MUC5AC protein level was detected using western blot. Similarly, we determined the relationship between miR-214 and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) using the Dual luciferase activity assay. Results miR-214 was increased in CRSwNP and CRSsNP tissues. LPS triggered the expression of miR-214, while miR-214 inhibition diminished the level of miR-214. MiR-214 inhibition prevented LPS-mediated the production of inflammatory cytokines. LPS treatment augmented MUC5AC mRNA, protein levels, and secretion, whereas miR-214 loss inhibited MUC5AC production in the presence of LPS. SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-214. Impairing SIRT1 by siRNA (siSIRT1) or EX527 (a selective SIRT1 inhibitor) reversed the effects of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression. Furthermore, miR-214 depression inhibited the STAT3/GDF15 pathway via targeting SIRT1. Upregulation of STAT3 or GDF15 partly abolished the anti-inflammatory roles of miR-214 inhibitor. Conclusion Taken together, miR-214 regulates LPS-mediated inflammation and MUC5AC expression via targeting SIRT1, and STAT3/GDF15 may involve in the regulation of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression.
Middle Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Augmentation of In Situ Superior Capsular Reconstruction–Reinforced Partial Rotator Cuff Repair: Short-term Outcomes of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kandeel Amr Abdel-Mordy 
Published: February 2023

Background: Middle trapezius tendon (MTT) transfer has been described for dynamic reproduction of supraspinatus function. For management of irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears, this procedure can be coupled with in situ (long head of the biceps tendon–based) superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) and partial RC repair. Purpose: To investigate the functional outcomes of augmentation of in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair with MTT transfer for the management of irreparable posterosuperior RC tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Conducted between September 2014 and March 2022, this study included 24 patients with irreparable posterosuperior RC tears who were allocated into 2 groups: patients managed with 2-layer tendon construct (in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair) (group A; n = 15) and patients managed with 3-layer tendon construct (MTT transfer–augmented, in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair) (group B; n = 9). Outcome measures included 2-year postoperative pain, range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion and external rotation, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores. For data comparison, independent and paired t tests were used for parametric quantitative variables, and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for nonparametric quantitative variables; Fisher exact and McNemar tests were used for qualitative variables. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.40 ± 4.54 years in group A and 59.22 ± 4.46 years in group B; there were no between-group differences in baseline patient characteristics. Patients in both groups had significant preoperative to postoperative improvement on all outcome measures ( P < .05 for all). Group B had a significantly higher magnitude of postoperative improvement compared with group A in forward flexion ROM (88.88° ± 29.34° vs 46.66° ± 20.93°; P = .001), external rotation ROM (32.22° ± 14.81° vs 16.0° ± 9.10°; P = .002), ASES score (71.07 ± 8.26 vs 57.87 ± 8.39; P = .001), and QuickDASH score (–70.20 ± 6.95 vs –58.34 ± 12.52; P = .007). Conclusion: Augmentation of in situ SCR–reinforced partial RC repair with MTT transfer in a 3-layer tendon construct led to significantly greater improvement in postoperative ROM and functional scores compared with a 2-layer construct.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Reported Case Volume of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows in the United States
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Nelson Charles L. , Kelly John D. , Thompson Terry L. 
Published: February 2023

Background: The impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on reported case volume during orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship training remains poorly understood from a national perspective. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that reported case volume during orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship training would decrease during the 2019-2020 academic year, which corresponded to the COVID-19 outbreak. It was also hypothesized that there would be a subsequent rebound in case volume during the 2020-2021 academic year. Study Design: Cohort study. Methods: Reported mean case volumes were extracted for 4 academic years (2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021), and year-over-year percentage changes were calculated. Parametric tests were used for interyear comparisons. Results: There was a 7% decrease in mean ± SD case volume between the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 academic years (339 ± 123 vs 316 ± 108; P = .042). Case categories with the greatest percentage declines were foot and ankle (–20%), knee instability (–11%), meniscus (–8%), and glenohumeral instability (–7%). There was a 13% year-over-year increase in case volume between the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years (316 ± 108 vs 357 ± 117; P < .001). Conclusion: There was a slight decrease in total orthopaedic sports medicine case volume during the 2019-2020 academic year, corresponding to widespread lockdowns during the COVID-19 outbreak. Certain case categories experienced the greatest negative impact. Results from this study may inform accrediting bodies and surgical educators on the impact of future disruptions to health care delivery.
Most adults with severe HbSC disease are not treated with hydroxyurea
Authors: Ghunney William Kwesi , Asare Eugenia Vicky , Ayete-Nyampong John Benaiah , Oppong Samuel Antwi , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. , Olayemi Edeghonghon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSickle cell hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease is the second most frequent sickle cell disease (SCD) genotype after sickle cell anemia (HbSS). Globally, ∼55 000 newborns with HbSC are delivered annually, with the highest HbC gene frequency in West Africa. In Ghana, 40% of adults visiting the Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics SCD clinic have HbSC. Unlike HbSS, hydroxyurea use is not routinely recommended for individuals with HbSC because of the perceived high-risk to benefit ratio. To test the hypothesis that at least 5% of adults with HbSC will meet the American Society of Hematology criteria for severe disease, we conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study of all individuals with HbSC (≥18 years) who visited the clinic in 2019. Adults with HbSC aged from 18 to 45 years were selected. We identified a comparison group of 639 individuals with HbSS and matched the frequency based on the age and sex of individuals with HbSC. Severe disease was defined as a history of ≥3 SCD-associated moderate or severe pain episodes per year, history of acute chest syndrome, and severe symptomatic chronic anemia that interferes with daily activities or quality of life. The study end points were the proportion of individuals with SCD who met the definition of severe disease and were eligible for hydroxyurea. In total, 64 of 639 (10.0%) individuals with HbSC met the eligibility criteria for hydroxyurea therapy compared with 154 of 639 (24.1%) individuals with HbSS. Less than 1% and 3% of individuals with severe HbSC and HbSS, respectively, were routinely prescribed with hydroxyurea in this tertiary care medical center.