bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0122 Sleep Moderates Arousal and Executive Functioning in Autistic Children
Authors: McGovney Kevin , Stearns Melanie , Curtis Ashley , Mazurek Micah , Nair Neetu , Beversdorf David , Sohl Kristen , Davis Beth , McCrae Christina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Arousal dysregulation (over- or under-arousal) and executive functioning (EF) difficulties are positively correlated and often experienced by autistic children. Arousal and task performance (e.g., EF) are connected, such that there is an optimal arousal level for an optimal performance and arousal dysregulation reduces task performance. Up to 80% of autistic children experience sleep problems, and sleep problems are positively correlated with arousal dysregulation and EF difficulties. Thus, sleep may moderate the relationship between arousal and EF in autistic children. Given that sleep is modifiable through behavioral sleep treatment, it is important to better understand these relationships in autistic children. This study examined whether subjective and objective sleep moderated the relationship between HRV and EF among autistic children.

Methods
Children with autism spectrum disorder (N=65), verbal IQ &gt;70, and parent reported sleep complaints (Mage=8.95, SD=2.01, range 6-12; 74% male) completed 14 days of sleep diaries (with parental assistance) and actigraphy, Holter Monitoring (8-mins at rest), and the Connor’s Continuous Performance Test (CPT)-III (ages 8+) or Connor’s Kiddie CPT-II (ages 4-7.11). Multiple regressions (SPSS PROCESS) examined whether sleep (subjective/objective wake after sleep onset-WASO, total sleep time-TST) moderated associations between arousal (standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R-intervals-SDNN, proportion of adjacent R-R intervals differing by &gt;50 ms-PNN50) and EF (CPT-perseverations, omissions, commissions). Analyses controlled for age.

Results
Objective WASO moderated associations between SDNN and CPT-perseverations (R2=.27, p=.03). At highest WASO, higher SDNN was associated with greater perseverations, t(1,65)=5.00, p=.029. Subjective TST moderated associations between PNN50 and CPT-perseverations (R2=.32, p=.01). At highest TST, higher PNN50 was associated with greater perseverations t(1,65)=4.27, p=.04.

Conclusion
When autistic children sleep more and have greater sleep fragmentation, EF may suffer (i.e., greater response repetition) if arousal is not high enough. While our finding for sleep fragmentation (indicative of poor sleep) is consistent with existing literature, that for greater sleep (indicative of better sleep) is not. This suggests the relationships amongst these constructs are complex in autism, and more research using longitudinal and experimental methodology and perhaps even examining other aspects of TST (e.g., variability) are needed.

Support (if any)
DOD Autism Research Program (McCrae, PI; W81XWH2010399); NIAMS (R01AR055160/R01AR005160- S1; P1,McCrae).
0124 The influence of the family environment on children’s sleep during the school year and summer
Authors: Fergason Kyla , Moreno Jennette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
More than a third of US children do not receive adequate sleep. Earlier bedtimes, consistent bedtime routines, and good sleep hygiene help to support more adequate sleep. Our previous work has shown that during summer, 5-8-year-old children go to bed later and obtain less sleep compared to the school year. We hypothesized that school year-summer differences in the family environment would explain differences in children’s sleep timing during these periods.

Methods
During the school year and summer, 119 parents of 5–8-year-olds completed measures of child temperament, sleep hygiene, parenting practices, and parent stress and social support. Child sleep was measured for 8 days using wrist actigraphs. Sleep onset and offset were determined using the Sadeh algorithm and sleep diaries to determine sleep midpoint. Paired samples t-tests examined school year-summer differences in family environment variables and stepwise linear regression analyses were used to examine the effect of the family environment on sleep midpoint, controlling for age, gender, chronotype, and sleep duration.

Results
Compared to the school year, during summer parents reported less parent-child conflict before bed (t(117)=3.913, p&lt;.001), less consistent bedtime routines (t(117)=4.808, p&lt;.001), and average daily screen use (t(117)=-2.756, p=.007) and greater child surgency or impulsivity (t(108)=-2.960, p=.004. Overall, our model explained 48% of the variance in children’s sleep timing during the school year (p=&lt;.001) and 45% during the summer (p=&lt;.001). In the final model, greater caffeine intake (β=2.1, p=.033), later chronotype (β=0.4, p=&lt;.001) and greater effortful control or self-regulatory skills (β=0.2, p=.047) predicted having a later sleep midpoint during the school year. During the summer, less consistent bedtime routines and later chronotype (β=0.3, p=.002) predicted having a later sleep midpoint (β=-0.2, p=.022).

Conclusion
The relaxed nature of the summer family environment likely contributes to decreased conflict over bedtime, increased child media use, and decreased bedtime routine consistency. However, only decreases in bedtime routine consistency contributed to later bedtimes during summer. Worryingly, 5-8-year-olds appear to be using caffeine during the school year contributing to later sleep timing. Addressing summer bedtime routines and children’s school-year caffeine intake are important targets for intervention to improve children’s sleep.

Support (if any)
Texas Children's Pediatric Pilot Award
0125 Youth Sleep-Wake Experience in Juvenile Justice Facilities: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Busby Ryan , Spargo Sammie , Bisline Lily , McGee Ryann , Nogales Josephina Munoz , Carlucci Marianna , Crowley Stephanie , Wolfson Amy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
With our knowledge of adolescents’ sleep and circadian rhythms, it is striking that there is minimal research on the sleep environment and sleep health of youth residing in juvenile justice facilities. Earlier findings from our group (Woodard et al., 2022) suggest that sleep-wake schedules and nighttime light exposure increase youth’s likelihood for conditioned insomnia symptoms and/or circadian dysregulation. The aim of this qualitative analysis is to examine youth’s perspectives about their sleep-living environment derived from brief semi-structured interviews.

Methods
Youth participants (N = 19, ages 13-20 years) were recruited from 6 Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) detention/treatment facilities in Maryland. For 7 consecutive mornings, youth completed a sleep diary reporting their bed/wake times, sleep onset, and type of (nocturnal) light exposure. After this week, youth were interviewed (virtual platform) about their experience with the study and their opinions on scheduling and environmental factors that they believe influenced their sleep during the previous 7 days. Based on the 8 interview questions, researchers created codes such as increased sleep knowledge, environmental disturbances, trouble with sleeping patterns, and light and environmental factors. Interviews were coded where 1 indicated the youth’s response fell into one of the codes and zero indicated the response did not correspond with one of the codes

Results
Interviews suggest that youth participated in the study to increase their knowledge about their sleep (47%). 63% reported that their sleep was better at home (e.g., later bed and wake times) than while residing in DJS facilities. Environmental factors such as light coming into the room (58%) and uncomfortable pillows and mattresses (37%) impacted their ability to sleep. Youth also reported that changing their sleep schedule to allow for sleeping longer in the morning would improve their sleep overall (63%).

Conclusion
Youth reported trouble sleeping in the facilities. Findings suggest that environmental factors such as light and noise make it difficult for youth to fall asleep and they desire later sleep-wake schedules. Further research is needed to evaluate how the environment can be modified to maximize sleep and circadian health in juvenile justice facilities.

Support (if any)
AASM Foundation Award #22-CS-19 & Maryland Department of Juvenile Services’ collaboration.
0130 Reduced Entropy in EEG During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Men with Depression
Authors: Haghayegh Shahab , Yang Hui-Wen , Abadjiev Daniel , Gaykova Nicole , Li Peng , Hu Kun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Depression is an increasingly prevalent mental health condition. Patients with depression have disrupted rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as characterized by shortened REM latency, increased REM sleep duration, and increased REM density. However, it is unknown whether the dynamic patterns of EEG within REM episodes are altered in these patients. Here we investigated the complexity of EEG during REM sleep using the analysis of irregularity on multiple temporal time scales and compared the difference in such a nonlinear property of EEG between patients with depression and controls.

Methods
We analyzed the overnight EEG recordings (256 Hz) collected from the left central channel in 19 older men with depression and 19 age-matched otherwise healthy control men in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) obtained from the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR). To quantify the irregularity/complexity in EEG fluctuations during REM, a Multiscale Entropy (MSE) analysis was performed on each 30-second epoch to calculate the entropy at different time scales between ~0.004 and ~0.078 seconds (i.e., 1/256, 2/256, …, 20/256 seconds).

Results
As compared to control men, men with depression had significantly lower entropy values at multiple time scales between 0.023-0.031 seconds (time scale =6/256 second: 0.363□0.008 [SE] for depression, 0.408□0.009 for controls; time scale =7/256 second: 0.295□0.009 for depression, 0.342□0.008 for controls; time scale =8/256 second: 0.225□0.009 for depression, 0.269□0.008 for controls; all FDR-adjusted P-values&lt; 0.001), indicating reduced temporal irregularity/complexity in EEG fluctuations. The differences were not statistically significant at smaller or larger time scales.

Conclusion
EEG complexity/irregularity within REM sleep were altered in patients with depression. Our results indicate the capability of MSE analysis in capturing important complexity features of EEG fluctuations, which might be missed using those entropy algorithms focused on EEG fluctuations at a single time scale.

Support (if any)
RF1AG059867, RF1AG064312. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provided funding for the ancillary MrOS Sleep Study, "Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men," under the following grant numbers: R01 HL071194, R01 HL070848, R01 HL070847, R01 HL070842, R01 HL070841, R01 HL070837, R01 HL070838, and R01 HL070839. The NSRR was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R24 HL114473, 75N92019R002).
0132 The role of stress in the association between neighborhood environment and sleep
Authors: Barber Lauren , Kim Byoungjun , Redline Susan , Thorpe Lorna , Duncan Dustin , Johnson Dayna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse neighborhood characteristics have been associated with poor sleep health. However, the mechanisms through which the neighborhood environment influences sleep are not completely understood. We examined the role of perceived stress in the association between neighborhood environment and sleep.

Methods
Between 2010 and 2013, 2,001 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants completed the Neighborhood and Sleep Ancillary studies. Neighborhood aesthetic quality and neighborhood social environment were measured among MESA participants and an independent sample of individuals living in the same neighborhood (defined as census tracts) using survey-based methods and geographic information systems at the census tract level. Responses from MESA participants and neighborhood informants were aggregated at the neighborhood level using empirical Bayes estimation to improve reliability and precision. MESA participants completed 1-week wrist actigraphy, yielding measures of average sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Stress was measured using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale. Multi-level linear regression models were fit to examine associations between neighborhood aesthetic quality or social environment, perceived stress, and sleep duration or efficiency.

Results
The average age of the study population was 68.5 years (standard deviation [SD]=9.10), and 54% were women. The average sleep duration and sleep efficiency were 388.9 minutes (SD=80.8) and 89.8% (SD=3.7), respectively. A SD increase in neighborhood aesthetic quality or social environment was associated with 6.02 (95% CI 1.89, 10.14) and 6.96 (95% CI 2.92, 11.00) minutes longer sleep duration, respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, study site, and socioeconomic and behavioral factors. Further adjustment for perceived stress attenuated the associations by 2.9-3.6% (neighborhood aesthetic quality: 5.80, 95% CI 1.68, 9.92; neighborhood social environment: 6.76, 95% CI 2.72, 10.80). Neighborhood environment and perceived stress were not associated with sleep efficiency.

Conclusion
Perceived stress had a modest 2.9-3.6% reduction in the association of neighborhood environment and sleep duration, thus suggesting a partial mediation. Future longitudinal studies with formal mediation analysis are needed to confirm these findings.

Support (if any)
Support for MESA is provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and contracts HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-001881, and DK06349. MESA Sleep exam was supported by grant HL098433.
0135 Better Sleep Quality is Associated with Charitable Donations: Data from Two Population-Based Surveys
Authors: Nickel Allison , Tran David , Scullin Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Insufficient sleep alters emotional processing, leading to impaired recognition and expression of emotions, greater endorsements of punishing behaviors, and withdrawal of compassionate helping. Using data from two national surveys, we investigated whether sleep quality and sleep duration were associated with willingness to donate to local charities, religious institutions, and political parties.

Methods
We conducted secondary analyses of two independent samples: Wave 5 and Wave 6 of the Baylor Religion Survey (BRS-5 and BRS-6). The BRS-5 included 1,501 participants (2017) and the BRS-6 included 1,248 participants (2021). Both surveys used random address-based sample methodologies to approximate population-representative samples, with stratification weighting targets matching national demographics for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and region. Each survey inquired about donations to local charities, religious institutions, and political parties. In addition, the BRS-5 included questions about sleep duration and sleep quality (restedness, sleep onset latency); BRS-6 only included questions about sleep quality.

Results
In the BRS-5, people were more likely to donate to a local charity and a religious institution if they had better sleep durations (charity: p = .004, OR = 1.39; institution: p = .05, OR: 1.45) and better sleep quality (charity: p = .015, OR=1.18; institution: p = .003, OR: 1.38). Some of these outcomes remained significant after controlling for income, age, gender, and race/ethnicity (e.g., institution donations and sleep quality: p = .026, OR = 1.30; sleep duration: p = .05, OR = 1.48). Similar outcomes emerged in the BRS-6, with better sleep quality being associated with more local charity donations (p &lt; .001, OR=1.33), even after adjusting for income and demographic factors (p = .029, OR=1.19). Sleep measures were not significantly associated with donations to political parties after adjusting for demographic factors.

Conclusion
Better sleep was associated with a greater likelihood to donate locally. There is likely a bidirectional relationship between sleep outcomes and prosocial behaviors.

Support (if any)
National Science Foundation (1920730 and 1943323). BRS-5 and BRS-6 were supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
0142 Too tired to sleep: A social-ecological exploration of insomnia in Appalachian women
Authors: Moloney Mairead , Badour Christal , Moga Daniela , Schoenberg Nancy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Appalachian Kentucky contains numerous “hotspots” of insufficient sleep where 25-58% of adults report insufficient sleep 15+/30 nights. Insomnia, a leading cause of insufficient sleep, is present at higher-than-average rates among the NIH-designed health disparity population of Appalachian adults. Given the strong, bi-directional relationship between sleep and health, a better understanding of insomnia in this population is critical. This study focuses on the gender (women) and age group (45+) at highest risk of insomnia and builds on previous qualitative work exploring the intersections of gender and sleep.

Methods
Participants (N=46) were Appalachian females ages 45+ who self-reported difficulty falling/staying asleep ≥3 nights a week for ≥3 months and used prescription or over-the-counter sleep aids ≥3 months. Semi-structured telephone interviews were recorded with permission and professionally transcribed. The social-ecological model of sleep served as an interpretive framework. We used a multi-stage, inductive coding process informed by grounded theory and aided by NVIVO 12.0 software.

Results
Participants most commonly cited social-level issues as insomnia-initiating and perpetuating factors. Caregiving, loss of loved ones, and trauma were prevalent, and often experienced simultaneously. For instance, the death of a child resulted in several participants raising their grandchildren. Caregiving stress, and bed-sharing with, grandchildren perpetuated insomnia. Regional and societal norms (e.g., kinship and gender norms) exacerbated participants’ stressors. Secondarily, women cited a combination of individual-level (e.g., menopause) and/or societal-level (e.g., using technology before bed) insomnia factors.

Conclusion
Our findings illuminate social processes, social structures, and individual-level factors that contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of insomnia among middle-aged Appalachian women. Our data support previous findings that women in this region are more likely than their non-Appalachian peers to raise their grandchildren, while highlighting this kinship arrangement’s insomnia contributions. These insights may aid health care providers and policy makers aiming to address sleep disparities among the health disparity population of rural Appalachian women.

Support (if any)
Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Program (NIDA K12DA035150); Igniting Research Collaborations Grant (University of Kentucky [UK] College of Pharmacy); UK Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (UL1TROO1998).
0143 Trait Emotion Reactivity Predicts Change in Negative but Not Positive Affect During Total Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Kurinec Courtney , Proctor Matteya , Stenson Anthony , Whitney Paul , Hinson John , Van Dongen Hans 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
During laboratory-based, voluntary exposure to total sleep deprivation (TSD), relatively large decreases in positive mood and relatively small increases in negative mood have been observed, with the magnitudes of change varying across individuals. People differ in their trait emotion reactivity, i.e., their sensitivity to emotion-evoking stimuli or events. As higher reactivity is associated with greater difficulty regulating emotion, we hypothesized this trait could moderate mood changes during TSD.

Methods
N=96 healthy adults (ages 21-38, 47% female) participated in one of three 4-day/3-night in-laboratory TSD studies. In each study, after 10h baseline sleep, participants were exposed to 38h TSD, followed by 10h recovery sleep. Participants completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), and their self-reported affect was assessed every 2-4h during wake using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The 11 test bouts during TSD shared across studies were included in analyses (day 2: 09:00, 13:00, 21:00, 23:00; day 3: 01:00, 03:00, 05:00, 07:00, 09:00, 13:00, 21:00). Positive and negative affect ratings were analyzed with linear mixed-effects regression with fixed effects of test bout (categorical), ERS score (continuous), and their interaction, covariates for study, sex, and age, and a random intercept over participants.

Results
Participants showed the expected decrease in positive affect as a function of test bout (time awake and time of day, p&lt; 0.001), and a smaller, non-significant increase in negative affect (p=0.17). Higher ERS scores were associated with increased negative affect during TSD (p=0.002), but this effect was small, and negative affect showed a floor effect. Emotion reactivity was not a significant predictor of decreased positive affect during TSD (p=0.97).

Conclusion
As hypothesized, emotion reactivity predicted individual variability in negative affect during TSD, but unexpectedly it did not predict the decrease in positive affect associated with TSD. This suggests that the trait measured by the ERS may be biased toward negative affect, and/or that positive affective changes may be more difficult to predict during the low arousal state induced by TSD. Studies inducing greater variability in negative affect during TSD (e.g., through exposure to a stressor) are needed to confirm our findings.

Support (if any)
NIH CA167691, ONR N00014-13-1-0302, and CDMRP W81XWH-16-1-0319 and W81XWH-20-1-0442.