bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topologically preoptimized ground structure (TPOGS) for the optimization of 3D RC buildings
Authors: Alemu Yohannes L. , Habte Bedilu , Lahmer Tom , Urgessa Girum 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs an optimization that starts from a randomly selected structure generally does not guarantee reasonable optimality, the use of a systemic approach, named the ground structure, is widely accepted in steel-made truss and frame structural design. However, in the case of reinforced concrete (RC) structural optimization, because of the orthogonal orientation of structural members, randomly chosen or architect-sketched framing is used. Such a one-time fixed layout trend, in addition to its lack of a systemic approach, does not necessarily guarantee optimality. In this study, an approach for generating a candidate ground structure to be used for cost or weight minimization of 3D RC building structures with included slabs is developed. A multiobjective function at the floor optimization stage and a single objective function at the frame optimization stage are considered. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed for selecting the optimal ground structure. This method enables generating a simple, yet potential, real-world representation of topologically preoptimized ground structure while both structural and main architectural requirements are considered. This is supported by a case study for different floor domain sizes.
Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 on Child Maltreatment Reporting Among Rural Versus Urban Communities in the United States
Authors: Nunez Juan J. , Fluke John D. , Shusterman Gila R. , Fettig Nicole B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted child protective services (CPS) reporting systems in the United States. It may have also led to widened gaps between rural and urban communities in child maltreatment (CM) report rates due to decreased interaction between children and mandated reporters especially in urban jurisdictions. Using data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, this study tests the hypothesis that during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in CM reports made to CPS in urban counties was more pronounced than in rural counties. Reports of CM received by CPS offices between January 6, 2020 and June 28, 2020 were aggregated to per-county-per-week-per-10,000 children maltreatment report rates. We used changepoint analyses to analyze the inter- and intra-region incidence rate ratios among rural and urban counties. Moreover, we used multilevel random effects models to generate regression coefficients for the associations between rates of children with a maltreatment report, COVID-19 occurrence, rural-urban designation, and maltreatment risk factors. During the study period, rates of children with a maltreatment report among urban counties decreased more dramatically when compared with rural counties. Our findings persisted even with the inclusion of control variables associated with maltreatment risk factors. Social distancing restrictions may have had the unintended consequence of decreasing the visibility of at-risk children in urban counties more so than in rural counties. Considering geography is critical to continue to protect children during the COVID-19 pandemic and as we prepare for future disasters.
Ventilation methods to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens from teachers to students
Authors: Cheong Chang Heon , Hwang Seok-Ho , Park Beungyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates different ventilation systems to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens from teachers in an elementary school classroom setting. The analyzed systems include a general mechanical ventilation system and a hybrid ventilation system. The hybrid ventilation system used a combination of natural ventilation, general mechanical ventilation, and local mechanical ventilation systems. For natural ventilation, wind velocities of 1.1 m/s and 0.11 m/s were considered. To analyze the patterns of the spread of airborne pathogens, the indoor airflow patterns and concentrations of airborne pathogens (passive scalar) were examined using Star-CCM + . Comparing the methods confirmed that natural ventilation was more effective than general mechanical ventilation in removing the airborne pathogens discharged from the teacher. The proposed hybrid ventilation method with combined natural and mechanical ventilation also showed promise in removing airborne pathogens. However, for natural ventilation with low wind velocity, the buoyancy effect around the occupants creates airflow vortices in the front of the classroom which spread airborne pathogens from the teacher toward the students seated in the front of the classroom. Furthermore, operating a local ventilation system close to the teacher reduced the spread of airborne pathogens that occurred under natural ventilation conditions with low wind velocity.
The benefits of deciding now and not later: The influence of the timing between acquiring knowledge and deciding on decision confidence, omission neglect bias, and choice deferral
Authors: Hernandez José Mauro C. , Costa Filho Murilo Carrazedo M. , Gaffney Donald R. , Kardes Frank R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Consumers often spend time searching before making a purchasing decision to acquire knowledge about products. If the purchasing decision is delayed, recall of acquired knowledge is likely to be impaired. Because products in the marketplace are rarely described completely, consumers who take too long to decide may fail to notice the absence of information relevant to a purchasing decision and fall prey to a phenomenon called ‘omission neglect’, an inability to detect missing information and form extreme and confidently held judgments. Omission neglect may be corrected by acquiring knowledge about the target product before making the choice. In the present research, we examine consumer decisions in the context of choice sets described incompletely and presented either immediately or a week after the acquisition of relevant information about a target product. Specifically, we investigate how the timing between product knowledge acquisition and decision-making affects the detection of missing information, decision confidence, and choice deferral. Across three experiments, we find that, after acquiring knowledge, when consumers have their decision delayed, they are less able to detect missing information, feel more confident, and defer choices less.
Aging the gap: the compensation among men and women executives
Authors: Elvira Marta M. , Quintana-García Cristina , Villamor Isabel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we explore how early career advancement affects the gender pay gap among top executives and argue that an employee's age at attainment of an executive position serves as a signal that helps reduce biases toward women, thereby lowering gender pay differentials. We analyze career data of 803 executives from public high-technology manufacturing firms in the United States by collecting information from ExecuComp, Marquis Who's Who, LinkedIn, and Bloomberg. Our results indicate that attaining a top management position at a young age has a positive effect on pay, particularly among women, and this effect is due to the variable portion of compensation, which represents a large proportion of compensation among top executives. Further, recent research has identified a pay premium among high-potential female managers, although its key drivers remain unclear. This paper explores age as an observable signal that influences this premium and reduces the gender pay gap.
Path-following and collision-avoidance guidance of unmanned sailboats based on beetle antennae search optimization
Authors: Deng Yingjie , Ni Tao , Zhang Zhuxin , Wang Jianwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are few studies on the intelligent guidance of unmanned sailboats, which should coordinate pluralistic tasks at sea in the nature of its maneuvring intractability. To ensure the algorithmic practicability, this paper proposes a path-following and collision-avoidance guidance approach of unmanned sailboats with total formulaic description. The risk-detecting mechanism is fabricated by setting a circular detecting zone and using the time to the closest point of approach. Then, the risk of collision, the path deviation, the speed loss, and the course loss can be judged by constructing the cost functions and applying the distance to closest point of approach. The optimized heading angle is deemed as the one minimizing the aggregate cost functions, which is sought by applying and improving the beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm. In the proposed modified BAS, the searching step is redesigned to enhance the searching efficiency. To ensure the convergence of the real heading angle to the reference, the backstepping-based control law is fabricated for the high-order sailboat model and in the linear form. The control parameters are offline optimized through the modified BAS. Compared with the adaptive control, this controller can guarantee more computation simplicity and the optimized control performance. Finally, simulation corroborates that the sailboat can successfully complete path following and collision avoidance while encountering multiple static and moving obstacles under the proposed schemes.
Oceanic Mobility and the Empire of the Pass System
Authors: Raman Bhavani 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom the age of empires to the apartheid regime in South Africa, pass laws have defined the scope of the mobility of subjects by relying on a paper document, the pass. This essay focusses on the pass document to understand the governance of mobility in the Indian ocean. In doing so, it shows how the pass document in its various forms through many centuries in fact, illuminates a form of inter-legal governance through which racialized life came to be constituted via convention and statute.
The use of sentiment and emotion analysis and data science to assess the language of nutrition-, food- and cooking-related content on social media: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Molenaar Annika , Jenkins Eva L , Brennan Linda , Lukose Dickson , McCaffrey Tracy A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial media data are rapidly evolving and accessible, which presents opportunities for research. Data science techniques, such as sentiment or emotion analysis which analyse textual emotion, provide an opportunity to gather insight from social media. This paper describes a systematic scoping review of interdisciplinary evidence to explore how sentiment or emotion analysis methods alongside other data science methods have been used to examine nutrition, food and cooking social media content. A PRISMA search strategy was used to search nine electronic databases in November 2020 and January 2022. Of 7325 studies identified, thirty-six studies were selected from seventeen countries, and content was analysed thematically and summarised in an evidence table. Studies were published between 2014 and 2022 and used data from seven different social media platforms (Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Reddit, Pinterest, Sina Weibo and mixed platforms). Five themes of research were identified: dietary patterns, cooking and recipes, diet and health, public health and nutrition and food in general. Papers developed a sentiment or emotion analysis tool or used available open-source tools. Accuracy to predict sentiment ranged from 33·33% (open-source engine) to 98·53% (engine developed for the study). The average proportion of sentiment was 38·8% positive, 46·6% neutral and 28·0% negative. Additional data science techniques used included topic modelling and network analysis. Future research requires optimising data extraction processes from social media platforms, the use of interdisciplinary teams to develop suitable and accurate methods for the subject and the use of complementary methods to gather deeper insights into these complex data.
Pandemic grief risk factors and prolonged grief disorder in bereaved young adults during COVID-19
Authors: Schneider Sydnie , Rerick Peter O. , Cummings Caroline , McLean Elisabeth , Breen Lauren J. , Singer Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated whether COVID-19-specific risk factors (e.g., feeling guilty for not being present with the deceased at the time of the loss and feeling emotionally distant from the deceased prior to the loss) were associated with prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptomatology or diagnosis among young adults bereaved due to any cause (e.g., illness and violent loss).MethodsWe surveyed 196 young adults who had a family member/close friend die during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the PGD-12 Questionnaire and the 10-item Pandemic Grief Risk Factors (PGRF) Questionnaire.ResultsMore time spent with the deceased before the loss and greater endorsement of pandemic grief risk factors were associated with increased PGD symptoms and a greater likelihood of meeting the diagnostic criteria for PGD.Significance of resultsThe COVID-19 pandemic created unique risk factors that affected the grieving process for bereaved individuals, regardless of whether the death was related to COVID-19 infection. These findings add to a growing body of literature examining grief and loss within the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that there may be detrimental long-term psychological outcomes for these bereaved individuals, regardless of the cause of death. Routine screening for these unique risk factors in medical and psychological clinics is warranted to help identify those individuals who could benefit from early intervention. Also, it will be important to understand and possibly modify evidence-based interventions and prevention programs to directly address the identified unique PGRF.
Population structure, genetic diversity and bakanae disease resistance among rice varieties
Authors: Raghu S. , Baite M. S. , Yadav M. K. , Prabhukarthikeyan S. R. , Keerthana U. , Anil Kumar C. , Jeevan B. , Lenka S. , Subudhi H. N. , Rath P. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAvailability of resistance sources among cultivated varieties helps in easy utilization as donor owing to no deleterious linkage drag. In the present investigation, 121 rice varieties were screened for their resistance against a virulent isolate ofFusarium fujikuroi(Ff-10) and genotyped using reported microsatellite markers. Among 121 varieties, only eight varieties, namely Luna Sankhi, Improved Tapaswini, Sarasa, Sadabahar, CR-311, Kshira, Wifa-10 and Binadhan-8, were found to be highly resistant (HR), seven varieties were resistant (R), 31 were moderately resistant (MR), 10 were moderately susceptible (MS), 11 were susceptible (S) and the rest 54 were highly susceptible (HS). The allele diversity of molecular markers classified the population into three clusters. The highly resistant varieties were grouped in major clusters II and III, whereas the remaining genotypes were distributed in all three clusters. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) resulted in 95% of the maximum diversity within the test population and 5% diversity between populations. Population structure analysis grouped the genotypes into two sub-populations based on relatedness, where most of the resistant genotypes were grouped into one sub-population and other genotypes were distributed among sub-populations. Re-examination of reported markers' trait associations with bakanae resistance in the experimental population identified marker RM-3698 as associated with resistance accounting 8.4% explained phenotypic variation. This study shows that simple sequence repeat markers can be used to assess allelic diversity and population structure of bakanae resistance in rice varieties. The highly resistant genotypes, along with resistance markers, could be used as donors in marker-assisted bakanae improvement breeding programmes.
Ot2Rec: A semi-automatic, extensible, multi-software tomographic reconstruction workflow
Authors: Yee Neville B.-Y. , Ho Elaine M. L. , Tun Win , Smith Jake L. R. , Dumoux Maud , Grange Michael , Darrow Michele C. , Basham Mark 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Electron cryo-tomography is an imaging technique for probing 3D structures with at the nanometer scale. This technique has been used extensively in the biomedical field to study the complex structures of proteins and other macromolecules. With the advancement in technology, microscopes are currently capable of producing images amounting to terabytes of data per day, posing great challenges for scientists as the speed of processing of the images cannot keep up with the ever-higher throughput of the microscopes. Therefore, automation is an essential and natural pathway on which image processing—from individual micrographs to full tomograms—is developing. In this paper, we present Ot2Rec, an open-source pipelining tool which aims to enable scientists to build their own processing workflows in a flexible and automatic manner. The basic building blocks of Ot2Rec are plugins which follow a unified application programming interface structure, making it simple for scientists to contribute to Ot2Rec by adding features which are not already available. In this paper, we also present three case studies of image processing using Ot2Rec, through which we demonstrate the speedup of using a semi-automatic workflow over a manual one, the possibility of writing and using custom (prototype) plugins, and the flexibility of Ot2Rec which enables the mix-and-match of plugins. We also demonstrate, in the Supplementary Material, a built-in reporting feature in Ot2Rec which aggregates the metadata from all process being run, and output them in the Jupyter Notebook and/or HTML formats for quick review of image processing quality. Ot2Rec can be found at https://github.com/rosalindfranklininstitute/ot2rec.
Less‐Well‐Developed Crustal Channel‐Flow in the Central Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Receiver Function and Surface Wave Joint Inversion
Authors: Nie Shitan , Tian Xiaobo , Liang Xiaofeng , Wan Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA crustal channel‐flow model has been previously used to explain the formation of crustal extensional structures in the Tibetan Plateau. However, the existence of massive crustal channel‐flow in the central plateau is still controversial. To reveal the crustal S‐wave velocity structure with high vertical resolution, we conducted a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions from the 2‐D broadband seismic array SANDWICH deployed in the central plateau. Our results show a low‐velocity layer (LVL) in the middle‐lower crust beneath all stations. The minimum S‐wave velocity in each LVL is mostly within 3.0–3.4 km/s, which result in the maximum velocity reductions are less than 17.5%. It deduces a melt volume percentage (MVP) less than 7% even attributing all velocity reduction to partial melting of rocks. Our study suggests that there is not a high enough melt volume in central Tibet to develop crustal channel‐flow, which requires a larger MVP to decrease rock strength more than an order of magnitude. The formation of extensional structures in the central plateau may contribute to ductile deformation in the middle‐lower crust but not crustal channel‐flow.
Timing and Consequences of Bering Strait Opening: New Insights From40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Barmur Group (Tjörnes Beds), Northern Iceland
Authors: Hall Jonathan R. , Allison Matthew S. , Papadopoulos Max T. , Barfod Dan N. , Jones Stephen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Barmur Group (informally Tjörnes beds) sedimentary succession of northern Iceland is key to reconstructing the opening of the Bering Strait oceanic gateway because these rocks record migration of bivalve molluscs from the Pacific to the Atlantic via the Arctic. However, the timing of the migration event is poorly constrained owing to a lack of reliable absolute ages. To address this problem, we present the first Ar‐Ar radiometric dates from four basaltic lavas that underlie, are intercalated with, and overlie the Barmur Group, and integrate them with existing paleomagnetic records. We show that the Barmur Group has a latest Miocene to early Pliocene age range (c. 6.0–4.4 Ma; C3r–C3n.2n), older than all previous age models. Thus, the Barmur Group does not record the mid‐Piacenzian Warm Period, contra some previous suggestions. Abundant Pacific bivalve molluscs appeared in the Barmur Group during subchrons C3n.4n–C3n.3r at 5.235–4.896 Ma, over 1.3 million years earlier than previously suggested. Appearance of Pacific bivalves in the northern Atlantic occurred shortly after the 5.6–5.4 Ma age previously inferred for first appearance of Arctic bivalves in the Pacific. Thus, our data suggest that first opening of the Bering Strait gateway by the latest Miocene (c. 5.5 Ma) was soon followed by bidirectional trans‐Arctic faunal exchange, and argue against a hypothesized two‐stage faunal exchange process spanning c. 2 million years. Our results also confirm that first opening of the Bering Strait gateway was not directly associated with the growth of large northern hemisphere icesheets, which occurred several million years later.
Direct extraction of topological Zak phase with the synthetic dimension
Authors: Li Guangzhen , Wang Luojia , Ye Rui , Zheng Yuanlin , Wang Da-Wei , Liu Xiong-Jun , Dutt Avik , Yuan Luqi , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasuring topological invariants is an essential task in characterizing topological phases of matter. They are usually obtained from the number of edge states due to the bulk-edge correspondence or from interference since they are integrals of the geometric phases in the energy band. It is commonly believed that the bulk band structures could not be directly used to obtain the topological invariants. Here, we implement the experimental extraction of Zak phase from the bulk band structures of a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model in the synthetic frequency dimension. Such synthetic SSH lattices are constructed in the frequency axis of light, by controlling the coupling strengths between the symmetric and antisymmetric supermodes of two bichromatically driven rings. We measure the transmission spectra and obtain the projection of the time-resolved band structure on lattice sites, where a strong contrast between the non-trivial and trivial topological phases is observed. The topological Zak phase is naturally encoded in the bulk band structures of the synthetic SSH lattices, which can hence be experimentally extracted from the transmission spectra in a fiber-based modulated ring platform using a laser with telecom wavelength. Our method of extracting topological phases from the bulk band structure can be further extended to characterize topological invariants in higher dimensions, while the exhibited trivial and non-trivial transmission spectra from the topological transition may find future applications in optical communications.
The role of N-glycosylation modification in the pathogenesis of liver cancer
Authors: Hu Mengyu , Zhang Rui , Yang Jiaren , Zhao Chenshu , Liu Wei , Huang Yuan , Lyu Hao , Xiao Shuai , Guo Dong , Zhou Cefan , Tang Jingfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractN-glycosylation is one of the most common types of protein modifications and it plays a vital role in normal physiological processes. However, aberrant N-glycan modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including processes such as malignant transformation and tumor progression. It is known that the N-glycan conformation of the associated glycoproteins is altered during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Characterizing the heterogeneity and biological functions of glycans in liver cancer patients will facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. In this article, we review the role of N-glycosylation in hepatocarcinogenesis, focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix changes, and tumor microenvironment formation. We highlight the role of N-glycosylation in the pathogenesis of liver cancer and its potential applications in the treatment or diagnosis of liver cancer.