bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy inhibition prevents lymphatic malformation progression to lymphangiosarcoma by decreasing osteopontin and Stat3 signaling
Authors: Yang Fuchun , Kalantari Shiva , Ruan Banzhan , Sun Shaogang , Bian Zhaoqun , Guan Jun-Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLymphatic malformation (LM) is a vascular anomaly originating from lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs). While it mostly remains a benign disease, a fraction of LM patients progresses to malignant lymphangiosarcoma (LAS). However, very little is known about underlying mechanisms regulating LM malignant transformation to LAS. Here, we investigate the role of autophagy in LAS development by generating EC-specific conditional knockout of an essential autophagy gene Rb1cc1/FIP200 in Tsc1iΔEC mouse model for human LAS. We find that Fip200 deletion blocked LM progression to LAS without affecting LM development. We further show that inhibiting autophagy by genetical ablation of FIP200, Atg5 or Atg7, significantly inhibited LAS tumor cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Transcriptional profiling of autophagy-deficient tumor cells and additional mechanistic analysis determine that autophagy plays a role in regulating Osteopontin expression and its down-stream Jak/Stat3 signaling in tumor cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Lastly, we show that specifically disrupting FIP200 canonical autophagy function by knocking-in FIP200−4A mutant allele in Tsc1iΔEC mice blocked LM progression to LAS. These results demonstrate a role for autophagy in LAS development, suggesting new strategies for preventing and treating LAS.
The Toxoplasma micropore mediates endocytosis for selective nutrient salvage from host cell compartments
Authors: Wan Wenyan , Dong Hui , Lai De-Hua , Yang Jiong , He Kai , Tang Xiaoyan , Liu Qun , Hide Geoff , Zhu Xing-Quan , Sibley L. David , Lun Zhao-Rong , Long Shaojun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractApicomplexan parasite growth and replication relies on nutrient acquisition from host cells, in which intracellular multiplication occurs, yet the mechanisms that underlie the nutrient salvage remain elusive. Numerous ultrastructural studies have documented a plasma membrane invagination with a dense neck, termed the micropore, on the surface of intracellular parasites. However, the function of this structure remains unknown. Here we validate the micropore as an essential organelle for endocytosis of nutrients from the host cell cytosol and Golgi in the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Detailed analyses demonstrated that Kelch13 is localized at the dense neck of the organelle and functions as a protein hub at the micropore for endocytic uptake. Intriguingly, maximal activity of the micropore requires the ceramide de novo synthesis pathway in the parasite. Thus, this study provides insights into the machinery underlying acquisition of host cell-derived nutrients by apicomplexan parasites that are otherwise sequestered from host cell compartments.
Structural remodelling of the carbon–phosphorus lyase machinery by a dual ABC ATPase
Authors: Amstrup Søren K. , Ong Sui Ching , Sofos Nicholas , Karlsen Jesper L. , Skjerning Ragnhild B. , Boesen Thomas , Enghild Jan J. , Hove-Jensen Bjarne , Brodersen Ditlev E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn Escherichia coli, the 14-cistron phn operon encoding carbon-phosphorus lyase allows for utilisation of phosphorus from a wide range of stable phosphonate compounds containing a C-P bond. As part of a complex, multi-step pathway, the PhnJ subunit was shown to cleave the C-P bond via a radical mechanism, however, the details of the reaction could not immediately be reconciled with the crystal structure of a 220 kDa PhnGHIJ C-P lyase core complex, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of phosphonate breakdown in bacteria. Here, we show using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy that PhnJ mediates binding of a double dimer of the ATP-binding cassette proteins, PhnK and PhnL, to the core complex. ATP hydrolysis induces drastic structural remodelling leading to opening of the core complex and reconfiguration of a metal-binding and putative active site located at the interface between the PhnI and PhnJ subunits.
GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes the progression and associated inflammation of atherosclerosis
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Lan Beidi , Zheng Tao , Yang Lin , Zhang Xiaoxia , Cheng Lele , Tuerhongjiang Gulinigaer , Yuan Zuyi , Wu Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPyroptosis, a type of Gasdermin-mediated cell death, contributes to an exacerbation of inflammation. To test the hypothesis that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis aggravates the progression of atherosclerosis, we generate ApoE and GSDME dual deficiency mice. As compared with the control mice, GSDME−/−/ApoE−/− mice show a reduction of atherosclerotic lesion area and inflammatory response when induced with a high-fat diet. Human atherosclerosis single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrates that GSDME is mainly expressed in macrophages. In vitro, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces GSDME expression and pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistically, ablation of GSDME in macrophages represses ox-LDL-induced inflammation and macrophage pyroptosis. Moreover, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) directly correlates with and positively regulates GSDME expression. This study explores the transcriptional mechanisms of GSDME during atherosclerosis development and indicates that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in the progression of atherosclerosis could be a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
Intelligent metasurface system for automatic tracking of moving targets and wireless communications based on computer vision
Authors: Li Weihan , Ma Qian , Liu Che , Zhang Yunfeng , Wu Xianning , Wang Jiawei , Gao Shizhao , Qiu Tianshuo , Liu Tonghao , Xiao Qiang , Wei Jiaxuan , Gu Ting Ting , Zhou Zhize , Li Fashuai , Cheng Qiang , Li Lianlin , Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication has an urgent need for target tracking. Digital programmable metasurface (DPM) may offer an intelligent and efficient solution owing to its powerful and flexible controls of electromagnetic waves and advantages of lower cost, less complexity and smaller size than the traditional antenna array. Here, we report an intelligent metasurface system to perform target tracking and wireless communications, in which computer vision integrated with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to automatically detect the locations of moving targets, and the dual-polarized DPM integrated with a pre-trained artificial neural network (ANN) serves to realize the smart beam tracking and wireless communications. Three groups of experiments are conducted for demonstrating the intelligent system: detection and identification of moving targets, detection of radio-frequency signals, and real-time wireless communications. The proposed method sets the stage for an integrated implementation of target identification, radio environment tracking, and wireless communications. This strategy opens up an avenue for intelligent wireless networks and self-adaptive systems.
Chromium-catalyzed stereodivergent E- and Z-selective alkyne hydrogenation controlled by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligands
Authors: Ling Liang , Hu Chenyang , Long Linhong , Zhang Xue , Zhao Lixing , Liu Liu Leo , Chen Hui , Luo Meiming , Zeng Xiaoming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe hydrogenation of alkynes allows the synthesis of olefins, which are important feedstock for the materials, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industry. Thus, methods that enable this transformation via low-cost metal catalysis are desirable. However, achieving stereochemical control in this reaction is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report on the chromium-catalyzedE- andZ-selective olefin synthesis via hydrogenation of alkynes, controlled by two carbene ligands. A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand that contains a phosphino anchor enables the hydrogenation of alkynes in atrans-addition manner, selectively formingE-olefins. With an imino anchor-incorporated carbene ligand, the stereoselectivity can be switched, giving mainlyZ-isomers. This ligand-enabled geometrical stereoinversion strategy by one metal catalysis overrides common methods in control of theE- andZ-selectivity with two different metal catalysis, allowing for highly efficient and on-demand access to bothE- andZ-olefins in a stereo-complementary fashion. Mechanistic studies indicate that the different steric effect between these two carbene ligands may mainly dominate the selective formingE- orZ-olefins in control of the stereochemistry.
Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-induced acne-like lesions
Authors: Rimon Amit , Rakov Chani , Lerer Vanda , Sheffer-Levi Sivan , Oren Sivan Alkalay , Shlomov Tehila , Shasha Lihi , Lubin Ruth , Zubeidat Khaled , Jaber Nora , Mujahed Musa , Wilensky Asaf , Coppenhagen-Glazer Shunit , Molho-Pessach Vered , Hazan Ronen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a common neutrophil-driven inflammatory skin disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is known to play a key role. For decades, antibiotics have been widely employed to treat acne vulgaris, inevitably resulting in increased bacterial antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy is a promising strategy to combat the growing challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, utilizing viruses that specifically lyse bacteria. Herein, we explore the feasibility of phage therapy against C. acnes. Eight novel phages, isolated in our laboratory, and commonly used antibiotics eradicate 100% of clinically isolated C. acnes strains. Topical phage therapy in a C. acnes-induced acne-like lesions mouse model affords significantly superior clinical and histological scores. Moreover, the decrease in inflammatory response was reflected by the reduced expression of chemokine CXCL2, neutrophil infiltration, and other inflammatory cytokines when compared with the infected-untreated group. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of phage therapy for acne vulgaris as an additional tool to conventional antibiotics.
Compilation and scaling strategies for a silicon quantum processor with sparse two-dimensional connectivity
Authors: Crawford O. , Cruise J. R. , Mertig N. , Gonzalez-Zalba M. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInspired by the challenge of scaling-up existing silicon quantum hardware, we propose a 2d spin-qubit architecture with low compilation overhead. The architecture is based on silicon nanowire split-gate transistors which form 1d chains of spin-qubits and allow the execution of two-qubit operations among neighbors. We introduce a silicon junction which can couple four nanowires into 2d arrangements via spin shuttling andSwapoperations. We then propose a modular sparse 2d spin-qubit architecture with unit cells of diagonally-oriented squares with nanowires along the edges and junctions on the corners. Targeting noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) demonstrators, we show that the proposed architecture allows for compilation strategies which outperform methods for 1d chains, and exhibits favorable scaling properties which enable trading-off compilation overhead and colocation of control electronics within each square by adjusting the nanowire length. An appealing feature of the proposed architecture is its manufacturability using complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes.
Deterministic improvements of quantum measurements with grouping of compatible operators, non-local transformations, and covariance estimates
Authors: Yen Tzu-Ching , Ganeshram Aadithya , Izmaylov Artur F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, one of the strategies is to present the observable as a linear combination of measurable fragments. The main problem of this approach is a large number of measurements required for accurate estimation of the observable’s expectation value. We consider three previously studied directions that minimize the number of measurements: (1) grouping commuting operators using the greedy approach, (2) involving non-local unitary transformations for measuring, and (3) taking advantage of compatibility of some Pauli products with several measurable groups. The last direction gives rise to a general framework that not only provides improvements over previous methods but also connects measurement grouping approaches with recent advances in techniques of shadow tomography. Following this direction, we develop two measurement schemes that achieve a severalfold reduction in the number of measurements for a set of model molecules compared to previous state-of-the-art methods.
Observation of large spontaneous emission rate enhancement of quantum dots in a broken-symmetry slow-light waveguide
Authors: Siampour Hamidreza , O’Rourke Christopher , Brash Alistair J. , Makhonin Maxim N. , Dost René , Hallett Dominic J. , Clarke Edmund , Patil Pallavi K. , Skolnick Maurice S. , Fox A. Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantum states of light and matter can be manipulated on the nanoscale to provide a technological resource for aiding the implementation of scalable photonic quantum technologies. Experimental progress relies on the quality and efficiency of the coupling between photons and internal spin states of quantum emitters. Here we demonstrate a nanophotonic waveguide platform with embedded quantum dots (QDs) that enables both Purcell-enhanced emission and strong chiral coupling. The design uses slow-light effects in a glide-plane photonic crystal waveguide with QD tuning to match the emission frequency to the slow-light region. Simulations were used to map the chirality and Purcell enhancement depending on the position of a dipole emitter relative to the air holes. The highest Purcell factors and chirality occur in separate regions, but there is still a significant area where high values of both can be obtained. Based on this, we first demonstrate a record large radiative decay rate of 17 ± 2 ns−1 (60 ± 6 ps lifetime) corresponding to a 20 ± 2 fold Purcell enhancement. This was achieved by electric-field tuning of the QD to the slow-light region and quasi-resonant phonon-side band excitation. We then demonstrate a 5 ± 1 fold Purcell enhancement for a dot with high degree of chiral coupling to waveguide modes, substantially surpassing all previous measurements. Together these demonstrate the excellent prospects for using QDs in scalable implementations of on-chip spin-photonics relying on chiral quantum optics.
Towards the realisation of high permi-selective MoS2 membrane for water desalination
Authors: Oviroh Peter Ozaveshe , Jen Tien-Chien , Ren Jianwei , van Duin Adri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change and its related side effects are generating a demand for innovative ways to enhance desalination performance by adopting cost-effective and energy-efficient membrane materials. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), a two-dimensional (2D) material, holds the potential to address the deficiency of the current polymeric reverse osmosis (RO) membrane by maximizing the water-energy nexus. The nanoscale thickness of the MoS2 membrane promises better water permeability benefiting from the small diffusion length of the transport of the molecules while maintaining good chemical and mechanical robustness. Although many advantages have been projected, the experimental realization of such near-atomic thickness has not been fully explored because of the technological difficulties associated with the production. This review first highlights the remarkable combination of the ion’s rejection and permeability properties of the MoS2 membrane by discussing two distinct reported approaches for using MoS2 as a membrane for water desalination. Subsequently, the engineering challenges of the MoS2 membrane scalability for water desalination are discussed. Lastly, the possible opportunities for a well-controlled fabrication process critical to achieving and advancing MoS2 membranes from research laboratories to the industrial-scale application are outlined. We aim to provide a collective understanding of the realization of a high permi-selective MoS2 membrane for water desalination.
The importance of sleep patterns in the incidence of coronary heart disease: a 6-year prospective study in Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Sadabadi Fatemeh , Darroudi Susan , Esmaily Habibollah , Asadi Zahra , Ferns Gordon A. , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Nooriyan Amir Hossein , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Moohebati Mohsen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic shortened sleep can increase several cardiovascular risk factors, including depression, anxiety, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep patterns and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 9704 healthy participants were recruited for the MASHAD cohort study. Within 6 years of follow-up, participants were categorized into four groups based on their number of hours of nightly sleep. Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to assess relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the study, 235 heart problems, including myocardial infarction, stable angina and unstable angina, were confirmed. There were significant differences between men and women who had short and long nightly sleep (p < 0.05). The incidence of CHD was significantly higher in participants with very short night sleep durations than in those with longer hours of night sleep. The subjects with very short nightly sleep were more susceptible to unstable angina (RR: 2.614 (CI 1.354–5.047)) (p < 0.05). We found that shortened nightly sleep was associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease in an Iranian population. These findings suggest that sleep disorders, especially shortened night sleep, can be a risk factor for CHD.
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator blockade ameliorates experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Kida Yoshifumi , Okahisa Toshiya , Sato Yasushi , Bando Masahiro , Fujimoto Shota , Ma Beibei , Nakagawa Tadahiko , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Nakamura Fumika , Okamoto Koichi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Sogabe Masahiro , Tsuneyama Koichi , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough several angiogenesis-related factors are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), the mechanisms by which they contribute to disease are unclear. We first examined the expression of angiogenesis-related factors in inflamed colorectal tissue of UC patients using antibody array, and identified the 5 factors with highest expression, which included matrix metalloproteinase-8, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), angiostatin/plasminogen, hepatocyte growth factor and endoglin. Subsequent real-time PCR experiments using additional colorectal tissues revealed that uPA mRNA levels were significantly higher in inflamed tissues than in non-inflamed tissues, and significantly correlated with the severity of UC. Mirror section immunohistochemistry revealed that uPA was expressed in the neutrophils of inflamed colorectal tissues. We administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water to uPA knockout (uPA−/−) mice, and found that the disease activity index in uPA-/- mice was marginally lower and the histological score in uPA−/− mice was significantly lower than those in wild-type mice, suggesting the importance of uPA in colitis. When an uPA-selective inhibitor, UK122, was administered to DSS-treated C57BL6J mice, the disease activity index and histological score in those mice were significantly lower compared with control mice. Multiple cytokine/chemokine assay using colorectal tissues from uPA−/− and UK122-treated mice revealed significantly lowered level of RANTES. In conclusion, uPA was highly expressed in neutrophils of the inflamed mucosa of UC patients, and the expression level correlated with the severity of UC. Genetic uPA deletion or pharmacological uPA blockade significantly ameliorated colitis in mice, concomitant with downregulation of RANTES.
Neuroplasticity enables bio-cultural feedback in Paleolithic stone-tool making
Authors: Hecht Erin Elisabeth , Pargeter Justin , Khreisheh Nada , Stout Dietrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStone-tool making is an ancient human skill thought to have played a key role in the bio-cultural co-evolutionary feedback that produced modern brains, culture, and cognition. To test the proposed evolutionary mechanisms underpinning this hypothesis we studied stone-tool making skill learning in modern participants and examined interactions between individual neurostructural differences, plastic accommodation, and culturally transmitted behavior. We found that prior experience with other culturally transmitted craft skills increased both initial stone tool-making performance and subsequent neuroplastic training effects in a frontoparietal white matter pathway associated with action control. These effects were mediated by the effect of experience on pre-training variation in a frontotemporal pathway supporting action semantic representation. Our results show that the acquisition of one technical skill can produce structural brain changes conducive to the discovery and acquisition of additional skills, providing empirical evidence for bio-cultural feedback loops long hypothesized to link learning and adaptive change.
The effect of orthotics on plantar pressure in children with infantile tibia vara (Blount's disease)
Authors: Güven Enver , Çıtaker Seyit , Alsancak Serap 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlbeit some studies have revealed the effectiveness of the orthosis use in infantile tibia vara (ITV), hitherto no study has shown the effects of these orthosis on plantar pressures. This study aims to reveals the effects of orthosis on plantar pressure in infantile tibia vara. Fourteen children (mean age: 27.14 ± 5.00 months) with infantile tibia vara made up the study group and 14 healthy children (mean age: 26.42 ± 5.33 months) constituted the control group. The plantar pressure distribution was evaluated with WALKINSENSE. ITV group was evaluated before and after orthosis. The control group did not use orthosis and was evaluated once. After orthosis, it was determined that lateral foot pressure decreased, and medial foot pressure increased in the hindfoot. After orthosis, medial pressure decreased in the forefoot (p < 0.05). The pressure in the forefoot of the control group was significantly higher than that in the ITV group (before and after orthosis) (p < 0.05). After orthosis, the pressure was similar in the posterior and mid-foot sensors between the ITV group and the control group (p˃0.05). The orthosis can be effective in achieving the normalization of the soles pressure distribution in children with ITV.