bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squeezed Light Generation in Three-Channel Nonlinear Coupler with Second-Harmonic Generation and Frequency Mismatch
Authors: Hanapi Mohd Syafiq M. , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M.A. , Julius Rafael , Choudhury Pankaj Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Squeezed states of light in a three-channel nonlinear coupler with second-order nonlinearity using the phase space method and the analytical perturbative method is reported in this paper. The system is studied under the frequency mismatch condition, where the frequencies of the pump mode are not common. The effect of frequency mismatch on the generated squeezed states is investigated. We have found that the frequency mismatch does significantly affect the behavior of the generated squeezed states only at higher values of linear coupling between the waveguides. By increasing the frequency mismatch, the squeezing pattern also evolves from a collapses-revivals-like squeezing into a constant oscillation.
Surface plasmon resonance sensor for food safety
Authors: Zain H. A. , Batumalay M. , Harith Z. , Rahim H. R. A. , Harun S. W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance sensors have numerous applications in the discovery of poisonous gasses, water toxins, and the biomarkers of numerous infections. Surface plasmon sensors are a great candidate for future detecting stages due to their high sensitivity and fine resolution. A surface plasmon resonance sensor is also built for food safety using a Kretschmann setup with a gold coated prism. The setup was used to detect the analyte solution with concentrations 0%-3%. The sensor showed a good response and stability.
Thermoluminescence Dosimetric Characteristics of Zinc Borosilicate Glass Doped With Neodymium Trioxide
Authors: Hanisha M S , Iskandar S M , Azhar A R , Halimah M K , Zaid M H M , Azlan M N , Hisam R , Khalib N C , Fadhirul I M , Khazaalah T H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research is to study the possibility of fabricated zinc borosilicate glass doped with neodymium trioxide (ZnO-B2O3-SiO2:Nd2O3) to be a new material candidate for TLD. TGA analysis is an analytical technique used to determine a thermal stability of materials and its fraction of volatile components by monitoring rate heat flow to and from a sample and the weight changes, as temperature is changed at a constant rate. Data obtained is used to determine temperature of transitions and melting points of substances. Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) for the glass TLD sample produced obtains are between 369.01 °C - 371.74 °C and maximum annealing and reading temperature are set to be 350 °C that are below the minimum Tg values. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis has proven the samples fabricated are amorphous. Effective atomic numbers (Zeff) are in the range of 20.44-21.60. Glass TLD samples showed good linearity with TL response and faced 45.22%-59.37% fading after 30 days. Glass TLD samples also have been tested for their reproducibility ability for 6 cycles of annealing, irradiate and reading process and the reading showed a small range of different.
The Effect of Temperature on Osteochilus melanopleurus, Bleeker 1852 Yolk Utilization
Authors: Asiah N , Riauwati M , Heltonika B , Aryani N , Nuraini  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Kelabau fish (Osteochilus melanopleurus) is a freshwater fish that is widely found in Riau rivers, has high economic value and has prospects as a farmed fish. The number of deaths on the endogeneous feeding phase of larvae in kelabau fish maintenance led to low production rates. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different temperatures on the absorption rate of the yolk of Osteochilus melanopleurus fish eggs. The method used is an experimental method at the laboratories scale using 4 (four) temperature treatments, namely 27, 28, 29 and 30°C and 3 (three) tests using the Complete Randomized Design performed in January-October 2022 at the Fisheries Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau. The monitoring parameters carried out are as follows the yolk absorption rate, length growth, and yolk utilization efficiency. The results of the study obtained the fastest egg yolk absorption time was at temperature 30°C (102 hours) with the yolk absorption rate 2.93%, the length growth rate 0.679% and an egg yolk utilization efficiency 23.174%. It can be concluded that different temperatures affect the rate of yolk absorption in the Osteochilus melanopleurus larvae. The more the temperature increases, the metabolism also increases, thereby accelerating the absorption rate of the yolk of Osteochilus melanopleurus eggs.
Different Nitrogen Sources to Improve the Quality of Spirulina platensis Culture in Mass Scale
Authors: Ruliaty L , Amalia I R , Sari R I , Aulia R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the effect of adding different sources of nitrogen to mass culture of Spirulina platensis. Materials needed for this test was culture media volume 1000 m3, fertilizer were SP-36 (40 ppm), ZA (10 ppm), EDTA (5 ppm) dan FeCl3 (1 ppm), Vitamin B-12 (0,001 ppm) and initial density of S. platensis was 10x103 sinusoid/ml. The test was carried out in two steps, firstly was the addition of nitrogen source from urea with doses of 80 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm. Secondly, concurrent use of the best urea concentration from first treatment and potassium nitrate addition with doses of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm. Spirulina platensis was cultured on mass scale for 5 days until harvest. The first test showed that the dose of urea 80 ppm gave the highest growth rate (1,15 sinusoid/day) and the fastest generation time (0,60 hours) compared to doses of 150 ppm and 200 ppm. Protein content of Spirulina platensis added with 80 ppm of urea was also the highest (58,04%) compared to 150 ppm and 200 ppm. The results from second test showed concurrent use of urea 80 ppm and potassium nitrate 100 ppm to Spirulina platensis culture gave the highest growth rate (0,45 sinusoid/day) and the fastest generation time (1,54 hours) compared to those which added with 150 ppm and 50 ppm of potassium nitrate. Protein content of S. platensis with concurrent addition of urea 80 ppm and potassium nitrate 100 ppm was also the highest at 67,30%, compared to 150 ppm and 50 ppm.
Reproductive Performance of Osteochillus vittatus Outside of the Natural Environment
Authors: Pamungkas W , Arifin O Z , Subagja J , Imron  , Anggraeni F , Astuti D N , Palimirmo F S , Marnis H 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteochilus vittatusis a species of bonylip barb in the Cyprinidae family of freshwater fish. Reproductive performance ofO. vittatusoutside of the natural environment is one of the important aspects to be observed. This study’s goal was to assess O. vittatus’s reproductive activity outside of its natural habitat. The research was carried out at the Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Subang, West Java from August to December 2021. Fifty females and thirty males were kept in concrete ponds. The fish were fed a 38 percent protein diet, and their gonad development was monitored monthly. Fish that had matured gonads were spawned and their reproductive performance was observed. The sperm motility and velocity ofO. vittatusmales were analyzed using a sperm analyzer (CASA). The ovi somatic index was 29.671±98.14 percent, total fecundity was 167,167±7371,11 eggs/100 g female, fertilization rate was 43.97±31.70 percent and hatching rate was 57.50±38.62 percent. The sperm volume was 12.42±4.19 mL, with percent motility and velocity of 93.50±4.36 and 84.00±3.83 respectively. The percentages of static, non-progressive motile, and progressive motile of fish sperm were 4.075±3.88, 103.28±19.02, and 29.85±16.32 percent respectively. Based on the study, we can conclude thatO. vittatushas the ability to reproduce outside of its natural habitat.
Potential of Single Cell Protein Production Using Waste as Growth Medium
Authors: Feliatra F , Hendra M , Batubara U M , Effendi I , Adelina A , Feliatra V A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Feed is an important factor affecting the growth of cultured fish. Around 86.5% of the production cost of aquaculture is allocated for the purchase of feed. Good quality and efficient feed is a determinant of the success of aquaculture business. Single Cell Protein (SCP) is a dry cell product of single cell microorganisms. SCP production is generally not only protein but also free amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth media of Bacillus Cereus which will be used as a source of SCP by using some easy-to-use waste. The research method used is an experimental method using 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus bacteria, namely B. cereus strain SN7 and a consortium of bacterial isolates. Both isolates were grown in tofu liquid waste media, sago liquid waste media, and molasses waste media as a carbon source added with egg white as a nitrogen source with 3 replications in each treatment. The results showed that the most optimal growth medium for B. cereus strain SN7 and the consortium was molasses waste modified media which was incubated for 24 hours, compared to modified media for sago waste and tofu waste. For comparison, the isolates of B. cereus and consortium still had a higher growth potential than the isolates of strain SN7 which had been incubated for 24 hours.
Determination of Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria from Water and Sediment in Dumai Coastal Water, Indonesia
Authors: Batubara U M , Sibagariang R D , Siregar S S , Maelina T , Ginting T Y , Pratama MR , Jaboro M R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dumai is one of the coastal waters of Indonesia that has the potential for the biodiversity of microorganisms including anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB). Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are bacteria that carry out decomposition activities even though oxygen levels in water and sediment are very little or even absent. This study aims to determine anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria from aquatic and sedimentary ecosystems in the coastal waters of Dumai, Indonesia. This research was conducted by an experimental method using modified mineral media. The APB was isolated from six different places in sequence, namely Dumai sea station, river prayer room, harbor, shrimp pond area, fish auction place, and, Purnama tour. All bacteria obtained were then characterized by their morphological and physiological characteristics. The isolation results showed that 15 different bacterial isolates were obtained after being determined based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. All isolates contained different pigments such as carotenoids, xanthophylls, and, chlorophylls. Thus, further utilization of APB bacteria can be carried out in various microbiological applications such as bioremediation, aquaculture, biofuel, food, and medicines.
Total Amino Acids and Protein Concentrate of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus vastus) From Natuna Waters, Riau Islands
Authors: Sukmiwati M , Sari N I , Edison E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sea cucumbers haven’t been utilized optimally, and have a high economic value, due to high protein content of meat. This research aims to know the proximate content and total amino acids of sea cucumber flour, and total amino acids of protein concentrate of sea cucumber. The result showed that different ratios of flour and solvent have a significant effect on protein concentrate. Proximate content and protein concentrate with the ratio of flour and solvents (1:3) are protein 74.25%, moisture 10.58%, ash 7.25%, carbohydrate 6.47%, crude fiber 2.66%, and fat 0.16%. Total amino acids protein concentrate (1:3) is 53.59%. The major amino acids protein concentrate are glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid. Ratios of flour and solvent (1:4) are protein content 76.13%, moisture 10.35%, ash 7.17%, carbohydrate 6.03%, crude fiber 2.51% and fat 0.13%. Total amino acids protein concentrate (1:4) is 56.74%. The major amino acids in protein concentrate are glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine. Ratios of flour and solvent (1:5) are protein 77.35%, moisture 9.14%, ash 6.67%, carbohydrate 6.00%, crude fiber 2.45%, and fat 0.10% respectively. Total amino acids protein concentrate (1:5) is 61.63%. The major amino acids protein concentrate are glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine.
Characteristics of Fresh Water Lobster Carapaces Flour (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Desmelati  , Suparmi  , Leksono T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the organoletic and chemical characteristics of freshwater crayfish carapace flour. The treatment was drying in an oven at a temperature of 80°C for 24 hours. The parameters analyzed were the amount of yield, organoleptic value and proximate value. Based on the results of the study, the yield was 92.45%. The organoleptic value is based on the percentage of consumer acceptance test that likes color 98.25%, taste 95%, aroma 90%, and texture 95%, with the characteristics of bright reddish color, savory taste, not too fishy aroma, and dry and smooth texture. The chemical characteristics are: water content (4.24%), protein (15.37.%), fat (2.07%), ash (4.2%), non-nitrogen extract material 1.63% and crude fiber 19.86%. From the data From these results it can be concluded that freshwater carapace flour can be used as a fortification material in processed products.
The Community Structure and Diversity of Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency
Authors: Efriyeldi E , Amin B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mangroves are plants that live in the intertidal zone of the tropics and some sub-tropics. Mangrove ecosystems have many functions, which can be grouped into ecological and economic functions. The Sungai Bersejarah mangrove area is an educational tourism location managed by the conservation group Laskar Mandiri. The objective of the study was to analyze the structure and diversity of the mangrove community in the Sungai Bersejarah Mangrove area, which includes species, density, frequency, coverage, and importance value index. The environmental parameters measured were temperature, salinity and pH. The research was carried out from June to August 2021 using the quadrant line transect method. A total of five line transects were established in the mangrove area, each of which was placed in three plots measuring 10 m x 10 m (tree group) and 5 m x 5 m (sapling group). The study result indicate that there are 11 species of mangrove for the tree group and 9 species for the sapling group. Species Rhizophora apiculata was found to have the highest density, frequency, cover and important value index values, both for tree groups and sapling groups. The index values obtained are diversity (H′) 2.8626 and 2.1821, dominance index (C) 0.1835 and 0.3416 and eveness index (E) 0.8275 and 0.6884 for trees and saplings, respectively.
Macrozoobenthic diversity and heavy metals (Pb and Hg) accumulation in Bone River Gorontalo Indonesia
Authors: Kadim M K , Herawati E Y , Arfiati D , Hertika A M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The heavy metal pollution on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Bone River has not been studied. This present study determined to investigate the diversity of the macrozoobenthic trough the length of Bone River concerning the heavy metals leads and mercury at eight sampling stations. The samples were taken in July 2021. A sample of four representative macro zoobenthic families (Hydropsychidae, Baetidae and Elmidae) was also used to analyze metal bioaccumulation. The macrozoobenthic recorded in this study comprise of ten orders and 35 families with a total of 3146 individuals. Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, and Trichoptera dominate the population size of benthic. The diversity indices show the low and medium categories but favour a better macrozoobenthic development. Monitoring studies show that the concentration of Pb in sediments is much higher than that of mercury. Metal accumulation in sediments showed fluctuations but did not reflect macrozoobenthic metal concentrations. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value generally indicates that the three taxa are categorized in the low accumulative category.
The Abundance of Micro plastics (MPs) in the Sediment of Pantai Carocok in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Nedi S , Elizal  , Mulyadi L A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Micro plastics (MPs) are small fractions of plastid compound, which takes a long time to decompose in waters. The MPs can accumulate in seawaters, and in aquatic biota’s gut; and it harmful to human health. This study was done to know the abundance of MPs in the sediment in Pantai Carocok beach; it was in Pesisir Selatan regency, West Sumatra Province. Samples were collected from three stations, at HWL and LWL with two different depths. The findings showed that fragment type of MPs more dominant than fibre and film types; these figures were ±70%, ±16%, and ±13% consecutively. The abundance of MPs was higher at station 3 than the other two stations; the lowest was at station 1. The abundance of MPs ranged from 70.84-109.16 particles/kg of sediment. The abundance of MPs was varied between zone 1 in HWL and in the zone 2 in LWL for each station, and it was tended increase to deeper depth of samples; however, the different were not significant.
Genetic characterization of Ceratoglanis scleronema
Authors: Elvyra Roza 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Ceratoglanis scleronema is an important fish species in the Riau Province, Indonesia. The fish of C. scleronema are distributed in several rivers of Riau Province. Research on the genetic characterization of C. scleronema is needed to complete its morphological data. Very little research has been done on the genetic characteristics of C. scleronema. This study analyzed the genetic characterization based on the cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema fish. The cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema fish from Riau Province has been successfully amplified. The result of the research showed that nucleotide transition substitutions were more common than transversion substitutions in the cytochrome b gene of C. scleronema. The range of genetic distance between C. scleronema from Kampar and Tapung rivers are 0.00-0.01. The genetic distance between C. scleronema from Riau Province and C. scleronema from GenBank data are 0.01-0.02. The phylogenetic tree showed the closest relationship C. scleronema from Riau Province with C. scleronema from Genbank data with 100% bootstrap value. The conclude of the research that cytochrome b gene can be used to differentiate species of C. scleronema with other fish species. The genetic characteristics of these fish are basic data that can be used for the development of fishery genetic resources in the future.
On the Salinity Distribution Induced Mixing at the Mouth of the Estuary
Authors: Mubarak M , Rifardi R , Riyadi A , Sulaiman A , Yoswati D , Wibowo M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Salinity is an essential parameter in estuaries because it determines the mixing process and distribution of biota in the estuary ecosystem. In the paper, we investigate the dynamics of salinity distribution in the Dumai estuary. Salinity and tidal data observation were carried out during the transitional season around the mouth of the estuary. We get the salinity time series data in a tidal cycle. We observed that the Formzhal number is about 0.239, indicating that the tidal type in Dumai estuary waters is mixed directional, tending to double a day, with the highest and lowest tides in the Dumai estuary being 1.26 and 0.47 m, respectively. The salinity variability due to tides was studied by harmonic analysis, while the spatiotemporal distribution was studied using an analytical solution developed by previous researchers. The results show the presence of time lag between tidal elevation and salinity variation. Low tide and salinity, which indicate the effect of river discharge, are significant. This study further indicated that high salinity occurs during strong mixing conditions. It implied that the high salinity from the offshore entrance to shallower waters allowed for mixing processes. This paper ends with a comprehensive discussion of the vertical distribution of salinity at the mouth of the estuary.
Understanding the Mechanism of Currents through the Malacca Strait Study Case 2020 – 2022 : Mean state, Seasonal and Monthly Variation
Authors: Wibowo M A , Tanjung A , Rifardi  , Elizal  , Mubarak  , Yoswaty D , Susanti R , Muttaqin A S , Fajary F R , Anwika Y M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Malacca Strait is the importance waters for international shipping routes and more 200 cases of ship collisions in the period 1970-2015 in this strait. That is related to some a shallow depth waters with many small islands and strong current which is making this strait have a highest risk in certain seasons. The CMEMS data used to understanding of mechanism of current, illustrate the pattern and tranport volume. The research uses descriptive and the statistical methods to understanding of mechanism and variability of current. The analysis of current patterns and water level shows that during the monsoon winds active, the current always moves to the Andaman Sea, we called the southeast current system. The Northeast (NE) and Southwest (SW) monsoon wind is strongly influence to the mechanism of formation southeast current system, which causes the varition in sea level hight in eastern and western of Malacca Strait. During the NE monsoon season, the water masses of the South China Sea are push away into the Karimata Strait, causing the sea level in the eastern part to be higher than the western part and will increase the current speed. On the other hand, during the SW monsoon season, the water masses from the Karimata Strait is pushed away from the eastern part of the Malacca Strait which causes the sea level decrease and causes the current speed to weaken. Numbers eddies phenomenon were found at the Malacca Strait each season. The anticyclonic eddies occurred almost every season centered at 3° - 5° N, 97° - 100° E. Meanwhile anticyclonic eddies appear around the northern part of Sumatra centered at 4° - 5°N, 99° - 101°E during SW Monsoon season and the eddies formation also existed during the second transition monsoon season.
Income Contribution Based on Fishing Gear of The Duano Tribe, Indragiri Hilir, Riau
Authors: Yanti C W , Metalisa R , Bathara L , Saragih V B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Duano Tribe are fishermen that run fishing businesses traditionally. Generally, they use longlines and drift gill nets equipment for fishing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the income of fishermen that use longlines and drift gill nets based on the main catch of Belanak and Senangin fish and the contribution of fishing business income to the total fisherman income. The descriptive method that the author used to analyze where data were collected from 29 fishermen of Duano Tribe. This research was conducted in Tanjung Pasir village, Indragiri Hilir, Riau, in May 2021. The result shows that the average fishing income of Duano Tribe that use longlines is IDR.51,782,948.-year-1 and the average fishing income of Duano Tribe that uses drift gill nets is IDR.26,931,235.-year-1. The income of the Duano tribe using longlines is higher than drift gill nets, even with the same average duration of fishing. The contribution of income using longlines to the income of the Duano Tribe fishermen is 85 percent, and the contribution of income using drift gill nets to the income of the Duano Tribe fishermen is 78 percent. The income contribution using longline is higher than the income contribution using drift gill nets. Based on the contribution criteria, both income from fishing with drift gill nets and longlines provide a high contribution.