bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community pharmacists’ acceptance of prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Authors: Booker Connor , Murphy Andrea L , Isenor Jennifer E. , Ramsey Tasha D. , Smith Alesha J. , Bishop Andrea , Kelly Deborah V. , Woodill Lisa , Richard Greg , John Wilby Kyle 
Published: March 2023

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention is highly effective. Pharmacists can increase PrEP accessibility through pharmacist prescribing. This study aimed to determine pharmacists’ acceptance of a pharmacist PrEP prescribing service in Nova Scotia. Methods: A triangulation mixed methods study consisting of an online survey and qualitative interviews was conducted with Nova Scotia community pharmacists. The survey questionnaire and qualitative interview guide were underpinned by the 7 constructs of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, opportunity costs, intervention coherence, perceived effectiveness and self-efficacy). Survey data were analyzed descriptively and with ordinal logistic regression to determine associations between variables. Interview transcripts were deductively coded according to the same constructs and then inductively coded to identify themes within each construct. Results: A total of 214 community pharmacists completed the survey, and 19 completed the interview. Pharmacists were positive about PrEP prescribing in the constructs of affective attitude (improved access), ethicality (benefits communities), intervention coherence (practice alignment) and self-efficacy (role). Pharmacists expressed concerns about burden (increased workload), opportunity costs (time to provide the service) and perceived effectiveness (education/training, public awareness, laboratory test ordering and reimbursement). Conclusion: A PrEP prescribing service has mixed acceptability to Nova Scotia pharmacists yet represents a model of service delivery to increase PrEP access to underserved populations. Future service development must consider pharmacists’ workload, education and training as well as factors relating to laboratory test ordering and reimbursement.
Prevalence and associated factor of postpartum depression among mothers living with HIV at an urban postnatal clinic in Uganda
Authors: Yeboa Naomi Kyeremaa , Muwanguzi Patience , Olwit Connie , Osingada Charles Peter , Ngabirano Tom Denis 
Published: March 2023

Background: Postpartum depression among mothers living with HIV is a significant public health problem due to its effects on engagement in care, HIV disease progression, and an increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers living with HIV. Design: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative research design. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, we consecutively recruited 290 participants among mothers attending postnatal, immunization, and family planning clinics at an urban clinic in Uganda. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, we collected data on socio-demographics, obstetric, and HIV-related characteristics. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire version 9. We classified participants with Patient Health Questionnaire version 9 scores of ⩾10 as having postpartum depression. We conducted logistic regression to examine the association between postpartum depression and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 15.9%. After controlling for other variables, participants who reported poor male partner support were more likely to experience postpartum depression compared to those who had good partner support (adjusted odds ratio = 4.52, confidence interval = 2.31–8.84, p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Mothers living with HIV should be routinely assessed for the presence of depression and male partner support. Health care providers of HIV-infected women should design strategies to promote male partner support for better maternal, infant, and HIV treatment outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of intracoronary epinephrine for the management of the no-reflow phenomenon following percutaneous coronary interventions: a systematic-review study
Authors: Jafari Afshar Elmira , Samimisedeh Parham , Tayebi Amirhossein , Shafiabadi Hassani Neda , Rastad Hadith , Yazdani Shahrooz 
Published: March 2023

Background: Currently, no pharmacological or device-based intervention has been fully proven to reverse the no-reflow phenomenon. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of intracoronary (IC) epinephrine in the management of no-reflow phenomenon following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), either as first-line treatment or after the failure of conventional agents. Design: Systematic review. Data sources and methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to 28 May 2022, with additional manual search on the Google Scholar and review of the reference lists of the relevant studies to identify all published studies. Cohort studies, case series, and interventional studies written in English which evaluated the efficacy and safety of IC epinephrine in patients with no-flow phenomenon were included in our review. Results: Six of the 646 articles identified in the initial search met our inclusion criteria. IC epinephrine was used either as a first-line treatment [two randomized clinical trials (RCTs)] or after the failure of conventional agents (two cohort studies and two case series) for restoring the coronary flow, mainly after primary PCI. As first-line therapy, IC epinephrine successfully restored coronary flow in over 90% of patients in both RCTs, which significantly outperformed IC adenosine (78%) but lagged behind combination of verapamil and tirofiban (100%) in this regard. In the refractory no-flow phenomenon, successful reperfusion [thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade = 3] was achieved in three out of four patients after the administration of IC epinephrine based on the results from both case series. Their findings were confirmed by a recent cohort study that further compared IC epinephrine with IC adenosine and found significant differences between them in terms of efficacy [% TIMI flow grade 3: (69.1% versus 52.7%, respectively; p value = 0.04)] and 1-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE) outcomes (11.3% versus 26.7%, respectively; p value ⩽ 0.01). Overall, malignant ventricular arrhythmias were reported in none of the patients treated with IC epinephrine. Conclusion: Results from available evidence suggest that IC epinephrine might be an effective and safe agent in managing the no-reflow phenomenon.
Effect of intravenous magnesium on post-operative pain following Latarjet shoulder reconstruction
Authors: Soeding Paul , Morris Alex , Soeding Adam , Hoy Gregory 
Published: March 2023

Background Single injection ropivacaine interscalene anesthesia (ISA) is frequently used in Latarjet reconstruction to enhance post-operative analgesia. A potential limitation is the occurrence of severe rebound pain on block resolution. We investigated the effect of intravenous magnesium on post-operative pain, particularly at the transition of block resolution to multimodal analgesia. Methods Elective patients ( n = 40) having Latarjet open shoulder reconstruction were randomised to receive either intravenous magnesium sulphate 50 mg/kg (M) or normal saline (S) before induction. Post-operatively, a standardised analgesic regimen was used, and post-operative pain was recorded using a verbal numerical rating assessment (VNRA) score. Requirement for injected opioid analgesia was recorded. Results ISA provided longstanding analgesia in all patients with block duration slightly prolonged in the magnesium group (16.7(1.0) (S), 17.8(1.3) h (M), p = 0.049). Magnesium resulted in less rebound pain following ISA resolution (VNRA 4.0 (0.6) M, 6.2 (0.8) S, p = 0.03) and lower pain intensity at 24 h. Four patients had nausea and two required rescue opioid injection. Conclusion Magnesium before Latarjet surgery results in less rebound pain following ropivacaine block and improves post-operative analgesia. Magnesium may be indicated in major upper limb surgery, where significant pain intensity is anticipated. Level of evidence Treatment study; Randomised blinded; Level 2.
Less correction with minimally invasive surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared to open surgical correction
Authors: Syundyukov Ayrat R , Nikolaev Nikolai S , Vissarionov Sergei V , Kornyаkov Pavel N , Bhandarkar Kalind S , Emelianov Vladimir U 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the relationship between the results of thoracic curve correction using minimally invasive surgeries in 35 patients and open surgical correction in 47 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: The correlations between the Cobb’s angle of the primary and postoperative curves, angle of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, correction percentage, derotation values, estimated blood loss, duration of surgery, and period of hospitalization after surgery were assessed by calculating the mean and standard deviation. Calculation and comparison were performed using Pearson correlation. Results: The Cobb’s angle correction ranged from 53.4° ± 11.8° to 6.7° ± 5.2° ( p < 0.001) in the open surgical correction group and from 51.2° ± 11.4° to 11.7° ± 5.8° ( p < 0.001) in the minimally invasive surgery group before and after surgery, respectively. The percentage of curvature correction was 88.2% ± 8.0% and 77.7% ± 10.7% ( p < 0.001) in the open surgical correction and minimally invasive surgery groups, respectively. The estimated blood loss was higher in the open surgical correction group than in the minimally invasive surgery group (208.7 ± 113.4 vs 564.3 ± 242.7 mL). Axial rotation was changed from 29.1°± 7.5 to 17.1°± 6.8 ( p < 0.001) in the open surgical correction group and from 28.9°± 7.8 to 19.4°± 6.4 ( p < 0.001) in the minimally invasive surgery group. The duration of surgery was shorter in the open surgical correction group than in the minimally invasive surgery group (266.6 ± 64.3 vs 346.2 ± 70.5 min). A positive correlation between time of operation and Cobb’s angle correction (in °) in open surgical correction ( r = 0.37) and minimally invasive surgery ( r = 0.43) was found. Conclusion: The open surgical correction procedures were more effective than minimally invasive surgery in correcting the spinal curve. The increase in the duration of open surgical correction increases the estimated blood loss, but it also more significantly improves the correction of Cobb’s angle. Level of evidence: III.
Predictors for operative treatment in pediatric proximal third both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures in children include age and translation, but not initial angulation
Authors: Williams Kevin , Whyte Noelle , Carl Jacob R , Marks Jennifer , Segal David , Little Kevin J 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Proximal third diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna represent an onerous fracture pattern due to difficulty maintaining acceptable alignment with nonoperative management. Our aim was to identify the factors that increase the odds for a surgical treatment of these fractures. Recognizing these factors can raise awareness to patients who are more likely to require additional care and assist clinicians in counseling families, targeting treatment plans, and constructing follow-up protocols. We hypothesized that the age of the patient, the amount of initial fracture displacement, and the angulation of the fracture would predict the need for operative treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 276 proximal third diaphyseal forearm fractures at a single tertiary care institution. All patients underwent a nonoperative treatment trial, and if failed continued to surgery. Following a univariate analysis, we constructed a binary multivariate logistic regression model that included age, initial translation, and initial angulation to assess the association between the tested variables. Results: A regression model revealed that age (10 years and older, odds ratio: 8.2, 95% confidence interval: 3.9–17.24, p < 0.001) and radius translation of more than 100% (odds ratio: 7.06, 95% confidence interval: 2.69–18.52, p < 0.001) were associated with the need for surgical treatment. Initial fracture angulation lacked an association with a surgical treatment (odds ratio: 0.81 95% confidence interval: 0.38–1.74, p = 0.59). Conclusion: Age above 10 years and 100% initial translation of the radius fracture increased the odds for an ultimate decision to perform a surgery. Initial angulation, although often being the most remarkable radiographic feature, was not associated with a nonoperative treatment failure. We recommend an initial reduction attempt after counseling patients and their families that there is a high rate of conversion to operative treatment when the above features are met. Level of evidence: level III.
An Adaptable and Instructive Architectural Design Proposal for the Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic in Existing Hospitals
Authors: Şener Mehmet , Öztürk Müjgan , Kuzu Onur 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: It is aimed to make the spatial structure of an existing hospital that gave health service against COVID-19 during pandemic suitable to COVID-19 treatment in this article. The architectural arrangements aimed at preventing the contamination and spread of COVID-19 in this hospital are expressed in the study by offering practical revisions that reorganize the spaces and patient traffic. Background: A state hospital in Turkey is chosen as an example, and the revisions intended for the reorganization of its existing spaces are made considering both the pandemic and post-pandemic period. Starting from the fact that the design parameters related with the spaces needed for the struggle against COVID-19 are common, it is hypothesized that the proposed arrangements be adaptable to many hospitals in different levels. Methods: The existing physical situation and problems of the hospital during COVID-19 pandemic are determined by communicating with hospital administration and making survey study with the working staff; thereafter, the feasible architectural revisions and new circulation schemes are indicated in the article through the tables and revised architectural projects of the hospital. Results: It is hypothetically expressed with these arrangements that the proposed design interventions are instructive and give clues for the solution of architectural design based problems that increase the risk of contamination of COVID-19 in hospitals. Conclusions: The highlighting of decreasing the risk of the contamination of disease in a hospital with simple architectural revisions and expressing the contribution it makes to the struggle against pandemic is the most important conclusion of this study.
Development of the ESEx index: a tool for predicting risk of recurrent severe COPD exacerbations
Authors: Valera-Novella Elisa , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Escolar-Reina Pilar , García-Vidal José Antonio , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc 
Published: March 2023

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), multiple recurrent severe exacerbations that require hospitalization can occur. These events are strongly associated with death and other clinical complications. Objectives: We aimed to develop a prognostic model that could identify patients with COPD that are at risk of multiple recurrent severe exacerbations within 3 years. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: The derivation cohort comprised patients with stable, moderate-to-severe COPD. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to develop the final model. Based on regression coefficients, a simplified index (ESEx) was established. Both, model and index, were assessed for predictive performance by measuring discrimination and calibration. Results: Over 3 years, 16.4% of patients with COPD experienced at least three severe recurrent exacerbations. The prognostic model showed good discrimination of high-risk patients, based on three characteristics: the number of severe exacerbations in the previous year, performance in the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, and in the 6-minute-walk test. The ESEx index provided good level of discrimination [areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs): 0.913]. Conclusions: The ESEx index showed good internal validation for the identification of patients at risk of three recurrent severe COPD exacerbations within 3 years. These tools could be used to identify patients who require early interventions and motivate patients to improve physical performance to prevent recurrent exacerbations.
Characterization of serum polyunsaturated fatty acid profile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Chen Lu , Sun Rui , Yu Ting , Jiang Shuyu , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2023

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. The aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD are complex, which may lead to metabolic disorders. As a kind of metabolite, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is closely related to IBD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the serum PUFAs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Design: The study is a hospital-based case-control study. Methods: The serum free PUFAs of all participants, including 104 patients with IBD and 101 normal controls, were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Compared with the normal control, the levels of C18:2, α-C18:3 (ALA), ɤ-C18:3, C20:4 (AA), C20:5 (EPA), ω-3 C22:5, ω-6 C22:5 and C22:6 (DHA) PUFAs in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were obviously decreased. However, in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), the levels of AA, EPA, ω-3 C22:5, ω-6 C22:5 and DHA were downregulated. The concentrations of seven PUFAs were significantly downregulated in the active CD group. In addition, four PUFAs had comparatively higher levels in the remission UC group. Conclusion: The present study revealed substantial differences in the levels of serum fatty acids between normal controls and patients with IBD. In detail, patients with CD were deficient in PUFAs, including the essential fatty acids. Moreover, as the disease activity aggravated, some PUFAs decreased dramatically.
Association between proton pump inhibitors and rhabdomyolysis risk: a post-marketing surveillance using FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database
Authors: Altebainawi Ali F. , Alfaraj Lulwa A. , Alharbi Amjad A. , Alkhuraisi Fadwa F. , Alshammari Thamir M. 
Published: March 2023

Background: This research aims to explore and compare the signals of rhabdomyolysis from the use of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: Rhabdomyolysis and related terms submitted between 2013 and 2021 were retrieved from the FAERS database. The data were analyzed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) and the information component (IC). The signals of rhabdomyolysis associated with PPIs use were detected in both 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) utilizers and non-utilizers. Results: A total of 7,963,090 reports were retrieved and analyzed. Fifty-seven reports linked PPIs to rhabdomyolysis out of 3670 reports from other drugs (non-statin included). The association of rhabdomyolysis and PPIs was significant in both statins included, and non-statin-included reports, although with varying degrees of association. The ROR was 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–3.2) for PPIs in non-statin-included reports and 2 (95% CI: 1.5–2.6) for PPIs in statin-included reports. Conclusion: Significant signals of rhabdomyolysis were associated with PPIs. However, its signals were higher in non-statin-included reports compared to statin-included reports. Plain Language Summary Plain language summaryProton Pump Inhibitors and rhabdomyolysis risk Background: The FDA created the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to support post-marketing surveillance programs. The FAERS is a computerized database with more than nine million adverse event reports, including all reports from 1969 to the present. This research aims to explore and compare the signals of rhabdomyolysis from the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Research design and methods: We retrieved rhabdomyolysis and related terms submitted between 2013 and 2021 from the FAERS database. Then, we analyzed the data that we found. We detected the signals of rhabdomyolysis associated with PPIs use in both statins utilizers and non-utilizers. Results: We retrieved and analyzed a total of 7,963,090 reports. We found 57 reports linked PPIs to rhabdomyolysis out of 3670 reports from other drugs (non-statin included). The association of rhabdomyolysis and PPIs was significant in both statins included, and non-statin-included reports, although with varying degrees of association. Conclusion: Significant signals of rhabdomyolysis were associated with PPIs. However, its signals were higher in non-statin-included reports than in statin-included reports.
Treatment of high-output cardiac failure secondary to anemia in three cats
Authors: Hammond Hillary , Pierce Kursten V 
Published: March 2023

Case series summary Three cats presented for clinical signs of respiratory distress and varying etiologies of anemia. Echocardiograms revealed evidence of cardiac dilation without other significant structural or functional heart disease. Thoracic imaging via point-of-care ultrasound and/or radiographs confirmed evidence of volume overload by pleural effusion. Each cat was diagnosed with presumed high-output cardiac failure secondary to anemia. Mainstays of treatment included controlling congestion and correcting the anemia with transfusions in the short-term while addressing the underlying etiology of the anemia in the long-term. Relevance and novel information Reports, treatment and management of high-output failure in the veterinary literature are limited. Extrapolating from human medicine, cats presenting with anemia and findings consistent with volume overload will benefit from treatment of their anemia to reduce neuroendocrine activation and the associated sodium and water retention. Therefore, blood transfusion should neither be avoided nor delayed in anemic cats with changes consistent with volume overload and congestive heart failure.