bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Wnt, ARL4C, and Sema3A in developmental process and disease pathogenesis
Authors: Fujii Shinsuke , Kiyoshima Tamotsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVarious types of tumors, including malignant and benign ones, occur in the oral cavity. These arise from the mucosal epithelium, odontogenic epithelium, and salivary gland. To date, few major driver events in oral tumors have been identified. Accordingly, molecular targets in anti‐tumor therapy for oral tumors are lacking. We focused on elucidating the function of aberrantly activated signal transduction related to oral tumor formation, especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma, ameloblastoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma, which are raised as common oral tumors. Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent pathway is involved in the developmental process, organ homeostasis and disease pathogenesis through regulating various cellular functions by enhancing transcriptional activity. Recently, we identified ADP‐ribosylation factor (ARF)‐like 4c (ARL4C) and Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), the expression of which is regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent pathway, and characterized their functions in the developmental process and tumor formation. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the roles of Wnt/β‐catenin‐dependent pathway, ARL4C and Sema3A, as determined by pathological and experimental studies.
Trade liberalization, wilful credit defaults and bank bribery in a credit‐constrained economy
Authors: Mahata Sushobhan , Khan Rohan Kanti , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan , Sen Sharmi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rising incidence of credit defaults may cause credit crunch. This affects the ability of firms to finance working capital and also fixed capital formation. Naturally, this is a major macroeconomic shock. This paper is an attempt to address the microeconomic foundation of such macroeconomic shock. We provide a theoretical framework to explain the economic rationale behind ‘wilful corporate defaults’ and ‘financial corruption’ in the specific context of trade liberalization. First, we model the behavioural aspects of wilful corporate defaulters and bank officials to determine the bank bribe rate as an outcome of the Nash bargaining process in a two‐stage sequential move game. Based on the results of the partial equilibrium framework, we examine aspects of trade liberalization in an otherwise 2 × 2 general equilibrium framework. We also compare the efficacy of punishment strategies to economic incentives to deter credit defaults and banking sector corruption. Methodologically, our analytical model integrates finance capital distinctly from physical capital in Jonesian general equilibrium framework. Interestingly, our findings indicate that there exists a trade‐off at equilibrium between curbing credit defaults and bribery. We also find that not all punishment strategies are equally effective at deterring credit defaults if general equilibrium interlinkage effects are carefully dealt with.
Exploring the relationships between perceived neighborhood boundaries and street network orientation
Authors: Tang Vicente , Painho Marco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe neighborhood is a core unit of analysis in urban research, planning, and policy‐making. However, perceptual and historical processes oftentimes result in neighborhoods that are not tied to sub‐urban jurisdictions. For instance, historic neighborhoods might lack official spatial definitions, hampering neighborhood‐based tasks in local offices. In this case, urban practitioners can benefit from readily available spatial proxies, such as the local street network. In this study, we conducted an exploratory analysis that combines neighborhood mapping and street network modeling. By retrieving participants' sketched boundaries and quantifying spatial orientations of sketched polygons and local network patterns, we were able to measure and compare the relationships between the urban fabric and the perceived extents of two historic neighborhoods in Lisbon, Portugal. The results provided insights for enhancing existing definitions of non‐official neighborhoods, outlining new urban districts as well as for discussions about the role of the urban form in shaping people's perceptions.
Surrogate Modeling for Creep Strain-Based Fatigue Prediction of a Ball Grid Array Component
Authors: Tauscher Markus , Merk Tobias , Adsule Aniket , Linnemann Andreas , Wilde Jürgen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the past years, the finite element analysis (FEA) has proven to be a suitable way for fatigue prediction of electronic equipment based on the physics-of-failure-approach. For this, inelastic strain parameters like creep strain or creep energy density are evaluated in crack susceptible regions of solder joints. Due to the nonlinearity of the creep behavior, which is the basis for these simulations, the computational effort can be significant. This mostly leads to a component-focused approach. Global influences on components like local stiffness variations due to adjacent components, copper traces, or fixations of the printed circuit board (PCB) are often ignored. To make creep-based fatigue predictions suitable for complex printed circuit board assemblies (PCBA), a method for reducing computational effort needs to be established. For this matter, a machine learning-based approach for solder joints has been developed.  First, the process for data generation and model training has been established. Thereafter, several methods for input parameter reduction are discussed. Finally, a model is being trained based on the generated simulation data.
Experimental Study on Spark Assisted and Hot Surface Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI, HSACI) in a Naturally Aspirated Single-Cylinder Gas Engine
Authors: Judith Joern Alexander , Kettner Maurice , Schwarz Danny , Klaissle Markus , Koch Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) represents an efficacious technique to extend the operating range and control combustion timing in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Recently, a hot surface ignition system (HSI) was demonstrated to enable hot surface assisted compression ignition (HSACI) featuring similar combustion characteristics compared to SACI. This work compares both combustion processes with regard to control and combustion characteristics, the strength of the ignition systems, and cycle-by-cycle variations (CCV). Engine trials were conducted using a single-cylinder research engine fueled with natural gas. The engine operated naturally aspirated at an engine speed of 1400 1/min and steady-state conditions. Experimental conditions cover relative air-fuel ratios λ = 2.1–3.1, intake temperatures Tin = 140–170 °C and intake pressures pin = 993–995 mbar. Results show similar capabilities of SACI and HSACI to control combustion timing by means of spark timing in SACI and hot surface temperature in HSACI. Heat release analyses of individual combustion cycles point out the similarity of both combustion processes. The evaluation of the strength of the ignition systems reveals that HSACI extends the lean limit by Δλ = 0.05–0.10 and advances the earliest applicable combustion timing (MinCA50) by ΔMinCA50 = 1.0–4.5 °CA provided that ringing is not of concern. Comparison of CCV in HCCI, SACI, and HSACI shows highest combustion stability for HCCI, followed by SACI. HSACI evinces highest CCV due to a larger variation at the start of combustion.
Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Energy-Assisted Compression Ignition of Varying Cetane Number Jet Fuels for High-Altitude Operation
Authors: Sapra Harsh Darshan , Hessel Randy , Amezcua Eri , Stafford Jacob , Miganakallu Niranjan , Rothamer David , Kim Kenneth , Kweon Chol-Bum M. , Kokjohn Sage 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to study the potential of energy-assisted compression ignition (EACI) strategy for enabling ignition and enhancing combustion of different cetane number jet fuels during high-altitude operation. EACI employs an ignition assistant (IA), which is an advanced glow-plug design with the ability to sustain higher temperatures for prolonged periods, to provide the necessary ignition energy for precise ignition control and enhanced combustion. In the numerical simulations, the combustion chemistry solver is coupled with a multicomponent wide distillation fuel mechanism, energy source modeling, and a turbulence-chemistry interaction model to accurately capture the ignition assisted-combustion. The simulation is first validated against optical engine measurements for cetane number (CN) 48 jet fuel and then transferred to another single-cylinder test engine to study the ignition and combustion characteristics of EACI with CN 35 jet fuel at varying IA temperatures. Simulation results show that EACI significantly improves fuel ignitability. Ignition delay reductions for CN 48 fuel of 57% and CN 35 fuel of 25% are noted at IA temperatures of 1550 K and 1405 K compared to when the IA is switched off. Furthermore, EACI improved the combustion efficiency to 99.7% compared to the 90% estimated for the IA off case in the optical engine.
Impact of Ignition Assistant on Combustion of Cetane 30 and 35 Jet-Fuel Blends in a Compression-Ignition Engine at Moderate Load and Speed
Authors: Miganakallu Niranjan , Stafford Jacob , Amezcua Eri , Kim Kenneth S. , Kweon Chol-Bum M. , Rothamer David A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the use of a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) ceramic glow-plug to assist ignition of jet fuel blends with cetane numbers of 30 and 35, below the minimum cetane number of 40 for #2 diesel. Experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine operating at 1200 RPM for single and dual-injection (pilot + main) timing sweeps. The COTS glow-plug, termed the ignition assistant, was operated at varying input power levels between 0 and 70 W (stock maximum power input is 30 W) at each SOI. Results demonstrate that the use of an ignition assistant at the higher input powers (50 and 70 W) enables operation over a wider range of SOI timings where more advanced times are limited by high pressure-rise rates and more retarded times are limited by rapidly increasing coefficient of variation of gross indicated mean effective pressure. Use of the ignition assistant enables stable combustion at later injection timings increasing the operable range of SOI timings. For the CN 30 fuel, at earlier injection timings, pressure traces, and heat release analysis demonstrated the advancement of start of combustion and combustion phasing with the ignition assistant on. At retarded injection timings where combustion would not otherwise occur completely for the CN 30 fuel, operating the ignition assistant at the higher powers enabled combustion phasing to be advanced and combustion to be stabilized at conditions where, with the ignition assistant off, misfire (flameout) would occur. Furthermore, the ignition assistant enabled combustion phasing to follow an approximately linear response with respect to SOI timing over a wider range of SOI times.
The Effect of Classroom-Based Physical Activity Elements on Academic Performance in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Yongjin , Lin Nan , Wu Chunchun , Wen Xu , Zhong Fei , Yu Kehong , Shu Li , Huang Cong 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: We investigated the effects of classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) interventions on academic performance and assessed the impact of different CBPA elements on academic performance. Methods: Relevant experimental studies in four databases were searched from their inception to September 2022. Random effects models were used to compute standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 13 studies were included. CBPA interventions could improve academic performance in children and adolescents (SMD = 0.17, p = .02). For the CBPA elements, low frequency (no more than three times per week; SMD = 0.19, p = .01), moderate intensity (SMD = 0.19, p = .01), long time (more than 20 min in each intervention; SMD = 0.14, p = .05), integrated physical activity (SMD = 0.18, p = .04), no more than 400 metabolic equivalents of energy-min/week (SMD = 0.33, p = .001), and more than 8-week interventions (SMD = 0.19, p = .04) tended to improve academic performance. Conclusions: CBPA may improve academic performance in children and adolescents. CBPA elements also have an impact on academic performance.
What’s in an age? Calculation and interpretation of ages and durations from U-Pb zircon geochronology of igneous rocks
Authors: Klein Benjamin Z. , Eddy Michael P. 
Published: April 2023

Accurate assessment of the duration of zircon crystallization within igneous rocks is critical for constraining the time scales of magmatic evolution and storage, which have important implications for our understanding of magmatic fluxes and volcanic hazards. However, estimation of crystallization durations from finite geochronologic data sets is difficult and typically relies on numerous implicit assumptions. In this contribution, we evaluate these assumptions and provide recommendations for better interpretation of crystallization durations from individual samples by developing a simplified theoretical framework to relate zircon growth, nucleation, and armoring rates to zircon ages. We first investigate single zircon analyses and show that ages produced with methods that integrate the entire grain or grain fragments (e.g., chemical abrasion−isotope dilution−thermal ionization mass spectrometry [CA-ID-TIMS]) are inevitably biased toward the second half of the zircon growth interval, while subsampling of grains via microbeam approaches will only capture the majority of the zircon crystallization duration when the microbeam spot size is less than ∼25% of the zircon minor axis, and the analytical uncertainty of the measurement is less than ∼20% of the duration over which the individual zircon grew.
We subsequently investigate the distribution of zircon mean ages produced through various combinations of zircon growth rate, nucleation rate, and the probability of zircon being armored by major phases. We show that zircon age distributions cannot be directly predicted from the rate of zircon mass crystallized, as many combinations of growth, nucleation, and armoring rates result in distinct age distributions, yet they produce nearly identical mass crystallization rates. Finally, we develop two equations that can be used to constrain the duration of crystallization observed within individual samples. In scenarios where the observed age dispersion is consistent with the reported analytical uncertainties, the first equation can be used to estimate the maximum duration. Otherwise, when the measured zircon population is overdispersed, a second equation constrains the minimum duration of zircon crystallization.
Impact of urinary sodium excretion on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study
Authors: Yin Lu , Li Sidong , He Yongmei , Yang Lin , Wang Li , Li Chao , Wang Yaqin , Wang Jing , Yang Pingting , Wang Jiangang , Chen Zhiheng , Li Ying 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hUNaE) estimated from spot urine samples.DesignSerial cross-sectional studies were conducted, and those with multiple repeated examinations were used to assess the MetS incidence risk.Setting and ParticipantsA health check-up programme was conducted between 2018 and 2021 and enrolled 59 292 participants to evaluate the relationship between MetS risk and 24hUNaE in the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China. Among these participants, 9550 had at least two physical examinations during this period, which were used to evaluate the association of a new occurrence of MetS with 24hUNaE.OutcomesGuidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia in Chinese adults (revised in 2016) were used to define prevalent and incident MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 19.3% at the first check-up; among individuals aged ≤55 years, the risk was higher in men than women, while among older individuals, a similar prevalence was observed in both sexes. A significant increase in MetS prevalence was observed per unit increase in 24hUNaE (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.11; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.13), especially for the prevalence of central obesity and elevated blood pressure. Additionally, 27.4% of the participants among the 7842 participants without MetS at the first check-up (male vs female: 37.3% vs 12.9%) were found to have a new occurrence of MetS at the second, third and/or fourth check-ups. A 25% increase in MetS incidence was observed per unit increase in 24hUNaE (95% CI 1.19 to 1.32), which was more prominent in the participants with a new occurrence of central obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of MetS seemed stable, new occurrences of MetS remained high, which might result in MetS recurrence. The influence of sodium intake on MetS development is probably attributed to the increase in blood pressure and central obesity, but a new occurrence of MetS may develop through elevated blood glucose and central obesity.
A predictive modelling approach to illustrate factors correlating with stunting among children aged 12–23 months: a cluster randomised pre-post study
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Choudhury Nuzhat , Wahid Barbie Zaman , Ahmed SM Tanvir , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ali Mohammad , Naz Farina , Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Rahman Sheikh Shahed , Faruque ASG , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to construct a predictive model in order to develop an intervention study to reduce the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12–23 months.DesignThe study followed a cluster randomised pre-post design and measured the impacts on various indicators of livelihood, health and nutrition. The study was based on a large dataset collected from two cross-sectional studies (baseline and endline).SettingThe study was conducted in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh under the Sylhet division, which is vulnerable to both natural disasters and poverty. The study specifically targeted children between the ages of 12 and 23 months.Main outcome measuresChildhood stunting, defined as a length-for-age z-score <−2, was the outcome variable in this study. Logistic and probit regression models and a decision tree were constructed to predict the factors associated with childhood stunting. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe baseline survey showed a prevalence of 52.7% stunting, while 50.0% were stunted at endline. Several factors were found to be associated with childhood stunting. The model’s sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 56%, with a correctly classified rate of 59% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.615.ConclusionThe study found that childhood stunting in the study area was correlated with several factors, including maternal nutrition and education, food insecurity and hygiene practices. Despite efforts to address these factors, they remain largely unchanged. The study suggests that a more effective approach may be developed in future to target adolescent mothers, as maternal nutrition and education are age-dependent variables. Policy makers and programme planners need to consider incorporating both nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific activities and enhancing collaboration in their efforts to improve the health of vulnerable rural populations.Trial registration numberRIDIE-STUDY-ID-5d5678361809b.
How did the use of ED change during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK? An observational study
Authors: Calastri Chiara , Hess Stephane , Wilson Brad 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to a sharp drop in ED attendance, but the exact reasons for this are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between individuals attending the ED before and during the pandemic and the reasons for their choices.MethodsTwo population-based online surveys were conducted before (2019) and during (2020) the pandemic. Participants were recruited by a survey panel to be representative of the UK population aged 18–45 years. Both surveys asked about the circumstances and reasons for the last ED attendance, with specific pandemic-related questions in the second one. Comparisons of characteristics and symptoms of individuals attending during the pandemic were compared with those attending in prior years using χ2tests. We determined the proportion of patients who had symptoms during the pandemic but did not attend, and the reasons for that choice.ResultsYoung and high-income people, those with chronic illnesses and those with influenza-like symptoms were more likely to attend the ED during lockdown than before. 18% of respondents had experienced urgent symptoms during the pandemic; 60% of these individuals chose not to go to the ED. While about 30% of this group stated they believed their symptoms were not serious enough, 85% of these individuals mentioned fear of infection or worry about overburdening the system as a reason for not attending. Individuals attending during the pandemic were more likely to consider their visit unnecessary compared with those attending previously.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the decision to use the ED has a discretionary component. This could potentially contribute to unnecessary visits, and raises concerns that some patients who should present at the ED do not go. More effective communication about who should visit EDs during a pandemic, and the safety of doing so, is needed.
Life cycle assessment of routinely used endoscopic instruments and simple intervention to reduce our environmental impact
Authors: López-Muñoz Pedro , Martín-Cabezuelo Rubén , Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente , Vilariño-Feltrer Guillermo , Tort-Ausina Isabel , Vidaurre Ana , Pons Beltran Vicente 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesGI endoscopy units represent the third largest producers of medical waste. We aimed to determine endoscopic instrument composition and life cycle assessment (LCA) and to assess a sustainability proposal based on a mark on the instruments that identifies parts can be safely recycled or ‘green mark’.DesignMaterial composition analysis and LCA of forceps, snares and clips from four different manufacturers (A–D) were performed with four different methods. Carbon footprint from production, transportation and end of life of these instruments was calculated. In 30 consecutive procedures, we marked the contact point with the working channel. 5 cm away from that point was considered asgreen mark. One-week prospective study was conducted with 184 procedures evaluating 143 instruments (75 forceps, 49 snares and 19 haemoclips) to assess the efficacy of this recyclable mark.ResultsComposition from different manufacturers varied widely. Most common materials were high global warming potential (GWP) waste (polyethylene, polypropylene and acrylonitrile) and low GWP waste (stainless steel). Significant differences were found for the forceps (0.31–0.47 kg of CO2equivalent (CO2-eq)) and haemoclips (0.41–0.57 kg CO2-eq) between the manufacturers.Green markwas established 131.26 cm for gastroscope and 195.32 cm for colonoscope. One-week activity produced 67.74 kg CO2-eq. Applying our sustainability intervention, we could reduce up to 27.44% (18.26 kg CO2-eq). This allows the recycling of 61.7% of the instrument total weight (4.69 kg).ConclusionKnowledge of carbon footprint is crucial to select the most sustainable alternatives because there are large variations between brands. A mark to identify recyclable parts could reduce our environmental impact significantly.