bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combination of soft X-ray and laser light sources offer 3D high content information on the native state of the cellular environment
Authors: Okolo Chidinma A , Fish Thomas M , Nahas Kamal L , Jadhav Archana C , Vyas Nina , Taylor Adam , Harkiolaki Maria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Beamline B24 is a life sciences correlative cryo-imaging beamline at Diamond Light Source. B24 uses a combination of conventional and super-resolution visible-light fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography (cryoSXT) to provide 3D imaging of the cellular landscape at a resolution up to 25 nm in cryo-preserved biological samples up to 12 μm thick. B24 offers user-friendly, semi-automated 3D correlative cryo-imaging through an integrated platform of methods that encompass (a) sample preparation and evaluation, (b) data collection and processing and (c) data analysis and correlation. CryoSXT fills the current resolution gap between fluorescence and electron microscopy while cryo-structured illumination microscopy provides the additional dimension of chemical localization within the same cellular ultrastructure captured by cryoSXT. Beamline instruments can be accessed biannually by academics and industry globally through peer-reviewed standard and rapid access proposal processes. The B24 user base is primarily academic research groups studying cell function and cytopathology in biological systems ranging from viruses and algae to mammalian cells and proto-tissue complexes. Future work will consolidate development efforts and experiences gained thus far to enable high-throughput data collection. Special emphasis is placed on the delivery of other integrated advanced imaging methods such as X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and phase contrast.
Development of monochromators for HEPS
Authors: Liang Hao , Lu Yuanshu , Yang Yang , Liu Zekuan , Zhang Shan , Sheng Weifan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monochromator plays a key role in the performance of a synchrotron beamline, it determines a beamline’s energy range, bandwidth, flux, focal sizes, coherence, etc., and it has been the limiting optic in a beamline for a long time. Many efforts have been made in order to improve the performance of the monochromators around the world. The HEPS project will need a batch of monochromators and some of them are built in house, many technical problems needed to be solved. A double crystal monochromator prototype has been developed, tested, then modified by improving the mechanical stability, switching to mechanism based on flexures to drive the second crystal. A quick EXAFS Channel-Cut crystal monochromator was designed for the HEPS XAFS beamline, driven by torque motor and closed loop controller. The design aspects and some test results of both monochromators will be introduced. Results show that the design is feasible and meet the requirements of both beamlines.
An experiment demonstrating the capability of a symmetrical layout type double crystal monochromator controlled using electronic cam technology
Authors: Okui Masato , Shimoguchi Atsushi , Yato Naoki , Murayama Norio , Kikuchi Isao , Tsuboki Ichiro , Kanda Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A demonstration test of a newly developed double crystal monochromator was performed on beamline BL06 in the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility of Hyogo University. Due to the symmetrical layout of the 1st crystal and 2nd crystal units of the monochromator, a maximum rotation speed of the main axis of up to 5.0 degrees/sec could be achieved. The monochromator is controlled by a newly developed control board programmed with an electronic cam algorithm. The control system allows the speed of both Z1 and Z2 axes to be successively synchronized as the Bragg angle changes. The Z
1 and Z
2 axes are moved apart by equal amounts from the center of gravity of the monochromator as the Bragg angle is increased. Also, the speed at which the Z1 and Z2 axes are moved apart increases with larger Bragg angle. This newly developed monochromator can maintain a stable exit beam height just as well as previous mechanical cam type monochromators proved on the height of the exit beam measured by an encoder system and observed by fluorescent screen. Due to the symmetrical layout and newly developed control system, the monochromator is suitable for industrial use because it can handle a wide energy range and allows high-throughput experiments to be carried out.
A Grazing Incidence Variable Line-spacing Spherical Grating Monochromator for SwissFEL
Authors: Wagner Ulrich H. , Follath Rolf , Flechsig Uwe , Patthey Luc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a soft x-ray variable line-spacing spherical grating monochromator, which is shared between the three ATHOS beamlines at SwissFEL. The instrument uses grazing incidence angles of less than 3° to withstand the peak-fluence of femtosecond FEL pulses with energies up to 8 mJ. The upward facing monochromator grating facilitates endstations with different beam heights. We explain the integration of the monochromator into the beamlines; discuss its mechanical design, its control system and its optical components. We conclude with showing an initial calibration spectrum and detail the currently achieved performance.
Damage simulation due to heat load from X-ray FEL beam at European XFEL
Authors: Yang F. , La Civita D. , Vannoni M. , Sinn H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the X-ray FEL beam transport system, the optic components which have direct contact with the beam, e.g. mirror, absorber and beam shutter, etc., could exceed 10 kW peak heat load on a sub-mm spot. Therefore, the thermo-mechanical performance of these components under the extreme high heat load will limit the maximum allowed pulses for the safety operation of the facility. In this contribution, a selection of multi-scale and multi-physics numerical models using finite element tools is introduced to describe the interaction of X-ray laser beam with different materials, taking into consideration of the multi-coupling of heat transfer, solid mechanics, fluid dynamics and phase transitions. The verified and validated models can be referred to define damage threshold of the optic components, and to virtually reproduce the damage mechanism of the materials.
On the utility of fluid flow models in the design of heat exchangers for cooling 4th generation X ray optics
Authors: Clunan J. , Griffiths J. , Bainbridge E. , Docker P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As the Diamond Light source moves towards upgrading to a 4th generation source, increasing x-ray powers and reduced focal sizes will require improved cryogenic cooling to ensure that the projected new levels of brilliance are achieved. This will create a greater demand for LN2, if current systems are maintained, laying a greater economic demand on the facility. As in most cases, new designs are tested using thermal-structural finite element simulation, neglecting the contribution of fluid flow. This leaves us without information about the effect of the fluid on the surface of the crystal, along with the efficiency of the flow itself. This results in under optimised cooling systems, leaving cooling capabilities of the system reduced, increasing the consumption of LN2. This paper presents a full fluid-structure-thermal model, showing the full effects of the flow of liquid nitrogen on the system. This paper will discuss this model in comparison to a conventional thermal-structure model.
Tolerance-budgeting for ultra-stable KB systems
Authors: Moreno G B Z L , Luiz S A L , Pinto A C , Fioravanti A R , Miqueles E X , Tolentino H C N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The emergence of new-generation light sources has driven experimental stations and optomechanical instrumentation to increasingly ambitious designs: precision engineering, optics design, and experimental techniques are being pushed to the limit of what is achievable, targeting the best spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution for their measurements. The extreme brilliance making diffraction-limited focusing feasible, also sets new sensitivity baselines for vibrations, clamping and thermal deformations, demanding stiffer mechanics and tighter tolerances for fabrication, metrology, assembly, and alignment, as well as creative commissioning and experiment control strategies. Such interdisciplinary design often requires cross-checking between mechanical, optical, and experimental specifications, where shared variables such as mirror dimensions, incidence angle, and optical magnification factor might induce conflicting behaviour, especially when tightly bounded to pioneering design targets on focus size and divergence, working distance, and flux density to name a few, stressing specifications and tolerances throughout every design step. In this manner, an analytical model integrating the main mirror tolerances could act as a more assertive starting point to broader, model-based assessments, pruning the decision space for subsequent finite-element analysis targeting globally optimal designs. This contribution suggests a tolerance budgeting approach for designing ultra-stable KB mirror systems, which in turn authorized an exactly-constrained realization [5], providing the high stability needed for ambitious nanoprobe designs, as the example of recently commissioned tarumã station, from Sirius/lnls carnaúba beamline [8], and underway designs such as mogno and sapoti stations also at Sirius.
Study of ruthenium film grown in oxygen environment for x-ray optics application
Authors: Gupta S , Dhawan R , Modi M H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ru shows high damage threshold as compared to other standard materials Au, Rh and Pt for high heat load applications in high brilliance synchrotron radiation source and x-ray free electron laser. It is also a promising candidate to be used as a protective capping layer in multilayers for increasing their life time. In the present study, Ru thin films of 500Å thickness were deposited in oxygen environment at different substrate temperatures varying from 70°C to 500°C. In reactive ion beam sputtering process, the flow of Ar and reactive O2 gas was maintained in 4:1 ratio keeping total flow 3 SCCM constant. The deposited films were characterized using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (GIXRR), grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) techniques. A significant change in GIXRR profile was observed in the sample grown at 100°C and 500°C whereas the GIXRD measurements indicated no significant formation of ruthenium oxide at different temperatures. However, a strong peak of Ru2Si3 (222) at 500°C was observed indicating a strong interfacial reaction at ruthenium/ substrate interface.The experimental data suggested a weak signature of RuO2 phase in the films deposited at RT, 70°C and 100°C and therefore the effect of ruthenium oxide with 10% composition in pure ruthenium was calculated on optical performance in extreme ultra violet region of photon energy (85-115 eV).
Simulation Study of Accuracy of Calculated Single Photon Event Position with Sub-pixel Spatial Resolution in Charge Couple Device
Authors: Lee T. H. , Wu W. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been a long-term effort to get higher energy resolution for experiment detector. Usually the energy resolution can be converted from spatial resolution though mechanical setup. To shrink pixel size of detector takes a lot of efforts, time and is limited by integrated circuit technology. So centroid algorithm is widely used to increase spatial resolution. Through electron cloud diffusion, the excited electrons are distributed among nearby pixels. Using centroid algorithm, the photon impact point can be calculated. However, the accuracy of calculated position is affected by relative impact position within pixel and signal to noise ratio (SNR). There is a systematic bias offset, or edge effect, toward pixel center when the impact point is near perimeter of pixel. Also the SNR is an important factor which affects the accuracy of calculated position. In this study, we try to calculate the simulated photon event positions by three algorithms, 3x3 centroid, 5x5 centroid and two-dimensional Gaussian profile fit. A simulation 2000 x 1000 pixels’ image with specific SNR is filled with noise first and then sparsely and randomly distributed with 200 Gaussian shaped photon impact events to avoid pile up. Since the original impact points are well known, the calculated positions of photon event can be compared with the original data to verify their accuracy. The noise, or SNR, can also be adjusted for different images to see its effects on the accuracy. The simulation shows the systematic bias toward pixel center for centroid algorithm as seen in the previous experiment using 3x3 centroid. For 3x3 centroid, the bias will not disappear even when SNR is high. 5x5 centroid is better than 3x3 centroid when SNR is high but the position accuracy degrades faster when image SNR decreases. The 2D-Gaussian fit can provide better position estimation at the same SNR and systematic bias of position at perimeter of pixel is minimized. However, the iteration process will diverge and no optimized answer can be attained when SNR is too low. The accuracy of calculated position, defined as inverse of position error standard deviation, is proportional to SNR for 5x5 and 2-D Gaussian fit.
Fluid Injection System for X-ray Tomography Experiments
Authors: Costa G S R , Vasconcelos G J Q , Archilha N L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to recent developments on synchrotron sources, time-resolved experiments are favored by fourth-generation machines. In particular, X-ray tomography beamlines can now perform complete experiments in less than one second. MOGNO, the nano and microtomography beamline at Sirius, is designed for in situ and operando experiments. The first designed and tested environmental cell is a complete injection system for porous media materials. This system is composed by a flow cell with fluid injection control and pressure feedback. The cell can be used for experiments with pore pressure up to 750 PSI. To increase the autonomy of the injection system, three syringe pumps with a volume of 15 ml are used, and the flow control is done through three independent step motors, and can vary between 30 to 10,000 µl/minute. A web application was developed to allow MOGNO users to easily control the system and read the pressure feedback.
The Laser Infrastructure at the SXP instrument of the European XFEL
Authors: Grychtol P. , Vardanyan V. , Doblas-Jimenez D. , Izquierdo M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This contribution presents the laser infrastructure concept of the Soft X-ray Port (SXP) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) for day one operation. This scientific platform is conceived as an open port complementing the scientific scope of the other two, already operating baseline instruments at the SASE 3 soft x-ray undulator focusing on atomic, molecular and non-linear optical (SQS) as well as condensed matter physics (SCS). The main driving force behind SXP originates from the time-resolved X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy community contemplating key questions in the dynamics of materials science at interfaces. Nonetheless, proposals to investigate high-valent metal intermediates in biological and inorganic catalysts for chemical bond activation by means of fluorescence spectroscopy as well as research on highly charged ions in the light of astrophysics are also pursued. The outstanding capabilities of the European XFEL pave the way for ultrafast pump-probe investigations at the SXP instrument combining intense and tunable soft X-rays with versatile optical laser capabilities, which are provided by two synchronized femtosecond laser systems, whose wavelength ranges can be extended into the infrared as well as extreme ultraviolet region.
Coherent control of atoms in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime by synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kaneyasu T , Hikosaka Y , Fujimoto M , Iwayama H , Katoh M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Control of interference between wave packets is one of the basic concepts in coherent control that enables quantum manipulation of populations and reaction pathways in matter. We have recently shown a new method to achieve coherent control in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime using synchrotron radiation. This method is based on the use of longitudinal coherence of light wave packets that are naturally included in the undulator radiation. For quantum manipulation of atomic systems, wave packet interference is precisely controlled by tuning the time delay between the light wave packets. Here we show that the quantum phase controlled by the time delay can be monitored as an initial phase of the quantum beat oscillation in fluorescence decay.
Four-type phase-contrast X-ray imaging at SAGA Light Source
Authors: Yoneyama A , Baba R , Lwin T T , Kawamoto M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (Phase imaging), which uses X-ray phase-shift caused by passing through a sample, is a powerful tool for non-destructive three-dimensional observation. Since the cross-section of the phase-shift for light elements in the hard X-ray region is more than 1,000 times larger than that of the absorption, detailed observation can be performed even for biological soft tissues and organic materials, mainly composed of light elements. Phase imaging for a large field of view can be classified into four kinds. The sensitivity and dynamic range of phase imaging are related to a trade-off: each method’s properties differ significantly. Therefore, an optimized phase imaging method needs to be selected for each sample’s density distribution. We have been developing all types of phase imaging for fine observations of various samples using the optimal phase imaging method at the SAGA Light Source. We report the details of each method and instrumentation and give example observations.
The Projection and Transmission X-ray Microscopy at Taiwan Photon Source
Authors: Yin Gung-Chian , Song Yen-Fang , Chen Bo-Yi , Lee Chien-Yu , Hsu Ming-Ying , Liao Cheng-Liang , Chiu Chao-Chih , Lee Ming-Han , Liu Chin-Yen , Chang Chia-Feng , Wang Chun-Chieh , Chiang Liang-Chih 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Projection X-ray microscopy (PXM) and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) have been established at beamline 31 at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The TPS 31A beamline is sourced by a wiggler with multiple beam modes: white beam, high-flux mono-beam, and high-resolution mono-beam modes. The PXM is based on a collimated beam, and the TXM is full-field microscopy based on a zoneplate. The PXM system and TXM share the same detector platform, which is equipped with different kinds of detector systems for PXM and TXM. The PXM was designed for high-speed 3D tomography with an automatic tray system for loading and unloading samples, including a robotic arm and pre-alignment system. Both the PXM and TXM systems were designed for use in situ, which requires longer working distance for the sample’s environmental cell.
Microtomography on the ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL
Authors: Weitkamp T , Scheel M , Perrin J , Daniel G , King A , Le Roux V , Giorgetta JL , Carcy A , Langlois F , Desjardins K , Menneglier C , Cerato M , Engblom C , Cauchon G , Moreno T , Rivard C , Gohon Y , Polack F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL, operational since 2018, is dedicated to hard X-ray full-field tomography techniques. Operating in a range of photon energies from approximately 5 to 50 keV, it offers both parallel-beam projection microtomography, in absorption and phase contrast, and nanotomography using a zone-plate transmission X-ray microscope. With these methods, the beamline covers a range of spatial resolution from 20 nm to 20 µm, expressed in terms of useful pixel size. The variable beam size of up to 40 mm allows users to image large objects. Here we describe the microtomography instrumentation of the beamline.
Developments in SRW Code and Sirepo Framework Supporting Simulation of Time-Dependent Coherent X-ray Scattering Experiments
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Chubar Oleg , Wiegart Lutz , Fluerasu Andrei , Li Ruizi , He An , Rakitin Maksim , Moeller Paul , Nagler Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Physical optics simulations for beamlines and experiments are essential for the effective use of synchrotron light source facilities such as NSLS-II at BNL. The SRW software package supports such source-to-detector simulations for coherent X-ray scattering and imaging experiments through its Python interface and Sirepo browser-based graphical user interface. This allows one to define custom sample models, assess the feasibility of an experiment, and estimate most appropriate beamline settings before using valuable beamtime. We discuss the recent use of general-purpose GPU resources and coherent mode decomposition algorithms in SRW to accelerate physical optics simulations with partially coherent X-rays. To illustrate these new capabilities, we describe simulations of typical time series of partially coherent scattering images used in X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments; aiming to characterize the nanoscale dynamics of a disordered sample, representing a solution of nanoparticles undergoing Brownian diffusion.
Magnetic helicoidal dichroism with XUV light carrying orbital angular momentum
Authors: Fanciulli Mauro , Pancaldi Matteo , Pedersoli Emanuele , Vimal Mekha , Bresteau David , Luttmann Martin , De Angelis Dario , Rebernik Ribič Primož , Rösner Benedikt , David Christian , Spezzani Carlo , Manfredda Michele , Sousa Ricardo , Prejbeanu Ioan-Lucian , Vila Laurent , Dieny Bernard , De Ninno Giovanni , Capotondi Flavio , Sacchi Maurizio , Ruchon Thierry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Circularly polarized light is a fundamental tool in magnetic studies, notably for magnetization dynamics. It is less common in magneto-optics to exploit the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of value ℓ carried by light beams possessing a helical wavefront. After finding many applications in the visible range, recently OAM pulses with ultra-short duration and XUV wavelengths became available, widening the range of experiments that can be envisaged. We modelled the interaction of an XUV OAM beam with non-uniform magnetic structures, showing that the far field scattered intensity profile encodes the symmetry of the magnetic structure in a way that depends on the sign and value of ℓ. In analogy with magnetic circular dichroism, this effect, named magnetic helicoidal dichroism (MHD), can be observed by inverting the sign of either the orbital momentum or of the magnetization. We obtained experimental evidence of MHD by measuring ℓ-dependent resonant scattering from a magnetic vortex. The results of recent complementary experiments match well the theoretical predictions, confirming the potential of the new toolset provided by MHD for studying the laser-triggered ultrafast dynamics of complex magnetic materials.
The diffraction volume for square-shaped samples in X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution
Authors: Chakrabarti P , Modregger P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is a prerequisite for the characterization of (poly)-crystalline materials on micro- or nanoscopic scales. This can be achieved by utilizing a focused X-ray beam and scanning of the sample. However, due to the penetration of the X-rays into the material, the exact location of diffraction within the sample is ambiguous. Here, we utilize numerical simulations to compute the spatially resolved diffraction volume in order to investigate these ambiguities. We demonstrate that partial depth sensitivity can be achieved by rotating the sample.