bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing in the dark: Challenges in the interpretation of x‐ray fluorescence element distribution maps associated with black paints
Authors: Higgitt Catherine , Spring Marika , Melchiorre Di Crescenzo Marta , Howard Helen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the conservation of easel paintings, black draperies or dark backgrounds often prove problematic to treat and understand in terms of condition. Despite most black pigments in Old Master paintings not intrinsically containing high atomic number elements, the investigation of black paints is one of the National Gallery's major uses and most helpful applications of x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. As a visual tool, XRF element distribution maps of black paints are useful for assessing the extent of overpainting or condition of any surviving original paint beneath, and for revealing the original modelling. However, interpreting the XRF element maps can be challenging. It is important to consider not only the primary compositions of black or dark pigments, but to have an understanding of other possible associated materials and more broadly of historical painting techniques, artists' practices and the paint stratigraphy. Through a series of case studies, this paper demonstrates how a detailed knowledge of historic painting materials and techniques, based on study of documentary sources and archives of materials‐based evidence from the analysis of paint cross‐sections—both from the paintings being studied and related works—aids and enriches interpretation of XRF element maps of black paints. While samples are invaluable in understanding exactly how—and with what materials—such regions were painted, they are not always representative and scanning XRF may be of complementary benefit in providing a more holistic view of pigment distribution. The examples presented range from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century from both Northern Europe and Italy.
Analysis of metals in particulate matter suspended in air by total reflection x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Almeida Ana Paula F. , Santos Ramon S. , Ferreira Gabriel C. , Nardes Raysa C. , Sanches Francis. A. C. R. A. , Filho Hamilton. S. Gama , Leitão Roberta G. , Anjos Marcelino J. , Lopes Ricardo T. , Oliveira Davi F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) is considered to be a set of pollutants suspended in the air, from industrial processes, motor vehicle exhaust, resuspended street dust, biomass burning, and others. Among the toxic chemical compounds, PM is considered contaminants of great importance for researchers, as they offer harmful effects to humans, fauna and flora. Moreover, exposure to PM can cause the development and/or worsening of diseases, mainly respiratory and cardiovascular. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metals concentration in total suspended particulate matter in the air through total reflection x‐ray fluorescence technique (TXRF). The samples were collected from random points in five neighborhoods in the Metropolitan Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. TXRF measurements were performed using the benchtop TXRF spectrometer S2 PICOFOX. The results showed that the proposed methodology was able to detect the elements Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 200 ng.m−3. It can be concluded that the study methodology for determining the metal concentrations in air samples is an efficient and low‐cost solution for studying environmental pollution.
Dark vector mesons at LHC forward detector searches
Authors: Kuwahara Takumi , Yuan Shu-Run 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Confining gauge dynamics in a dark sector is promising to provide dark matter with a mass in the range of sub-GeV to GeV. Such dark sectors consist of composite particles such as dark baryons and dark mesons, that are neutral under the standard-model charge. A dark photon is introduced as a portal matter between the dark sector and the standard-model sector to alleviate cosmological problems (e.g., to maintain kinetic equilibrium between two sectors or to reduce the light dark-sector particles contributing to the dark radiation), and dark hadrons are produced through the same dark photon at accelerator-based experiments. As dark vector mesons and dark pions have similar masses, dark vector mesons can be long-lived particles, which will be explored by far-detector experiments. We study the future prospects of the LHC forward-detector experiments, FASER/FASER2 and FACET, for exploring the dark vector mesons. When the dark photon is heavier than the dark pions, the LHC forward-detector searches will be comparable to DarkQuest, and the invisible decay searches of dark photons will also explore the same parameter space. Meanwhile, when dark photons are lightest in the dark sector, their future prospects will be comparable to the visible decay searches for dark photons at LHCb, Belle-II, and HPS.
Irreversibility, QNEC, and defects
Authors: Casini Horacio , Landea Ignacio Salazar , Torroba Gonzalo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We first present an analysis of infinitesimal null deformations for the entanglement entropy, which leads to a major simplification of the proof of the C, F and A-theorems in quantum field theory. Next, we study the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) on the light-cone for a CFT. Finally, we combine these tools in order to establish the irreversibility of renormalization group flows on planar d-dimensional defects, embedded in D-dimensional conformal field theories. This proof completes and unifies all known defect irreversibility theorems for defect dimensions d ≤ 4. The F-theorem on defects (d = 3) is a new result using information-theoretic methods. For d ≥ 4 we also establish the monotonicity of the relative entropy coefficient proportional to Rd−4. The geometric construction connects the proof of irreversibility with and without defects through the QNEC inequality in the bulk, and makes contact with the proof of strong subadditivity of holographic entropy taking into account quantum corrections.
Poorer patient‐reported outcome and increased risk of revision at a 5‐year follow‐up among patients with septic arthritis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a register‐based cohort study of 23,075 primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions
Authors: Schmitz Jesper Kraus , Omar Osama , Nordkvist Adam , Hedevik Henrik , Janarv Per‐Mats , Stålman Anders 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study is to analyse the patient‐reported outcomes after ACLR complicated by septic arthritis. The secondary aim is to examine the 5‐year risk of revision surgery after primary ACLR complicated by septic arthritis. The hypothesis was that patients with septic arthritis after ACLR are more likely to have lower PROMs scores and an increased risk of revision, compared with patients without septic arthritis.Materials and methodsAll primary ACLRs, with a hamstring or patellar tendon autograft (n = 23,075), in the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR) between 2006 and 2013 were linked with data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare to identify patients with postoperative septic arthritis. These patients were verified in a nationwide medical records analysis and compared with patients without infection in the SKLR. The patient‐reported outcome was measured using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Index Score (KOOS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Index (EQ‐5D) at 1, 2 and 5 years postoperatively and the 5‐year risk of revision surgery was calculated.ResultsThere were 268 events of septic arthritis (1.2%). The mean scores on the KOOS and EQ‐5D index were significantly lower for patients with septic arthritis on all subscales on all follow‐up occasions compared with patients without septic arthritis. Patients with septic arthritis had a revision rate of 8.2% compared with 4.2% in patients without septic arthritis (adjusted hazard ratio 2.04; confidence interval 1.34–3.12).ConclusionPatients suffering from septic arthritis following ACLR are associated with poorer patient‐reported outcomes at 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups compared with patients without septic arthritis. The risk of revision ACL reconstruction within 5 years of the primary operation for patients with septic arthritis following ACLR is almost twice as high, compared with patients without septic arthritis.Level of evidenceIII.
Optimizers for optimal coordination of distance relays and non-standard characteristics of directional overcurrent relays
Authors: Korashy Ahmed , Kamel Salah , Jurado Francisco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, different methods are utilized to solve the coordination issue involving directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays. The proper coordination of DOCRs and distance relays is a critical issue for system security in electrical networks. Finding the DOCRs setting, pickup current(Ip) and timed dial setting (TDS), and operating time for zone-2 of distance relays is the primary objective of solving the coordination problem. The constant parameters A & B of the directional overcurrent relay that are responsible to control the form of the relay´s characteristics as well as the Ip and TDS have been regarded as variables in this problem. The optimal value for these four DOCR settings has been determined using different optimization techniques. The primary and backup relays must operate sequentially and without any violations, and this must be guaranteed by optimization techniques. In order to determine the operation time for zone-2 and DOCRs setting, optimization methods are examined utilizing the 8-bus and IEEE 30-bus networks. Different optimization algorithms, including recent and traditional techniques, are compared. The obtained results show the superiority of the genetic algorithm (GA) in solving the coordination problem of distance relays and DOCRs. Also, the obtained results prove the ability of the GA method compared to the particle swarm algorithm (PSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), water cycle technique (WCA), equilibrium optimizer (EO), African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA), flow direction algorithm (FDA), and gorilla troops optimizer (GTO) techniques.
Separable equivalences, finitely generated cohomology and finite tensor categories
Authors: Bergh Petter Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that finitely generated cohomology is invariant under separable equivalences for all algebras. As a result, we obtain a proof of the finite generation of cohomology for finite symmetric tensor categories in characteristic zero, as conjectured by Etingof and Ostrik. Moreover, for such categories we also determine the representation dimension and the Rouquier dimension of the stable category. Finally, we recover a number of results on the cohomology of stably equivalent and singularly equivalent algebras.
Arthrobacter sp. Inoculation Improves Cactus Pear Growth, Quality of Fruits, and Nutraceutical Properties of Cladodes
Authors: Platamone G. , Procacci S. , Maccioni O. , Borromeo I. , Rossi M. , Bacchetta Loretta , Forni C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine the effects of a strain of Arthrobacter sp., a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), on plant phenology and qualitative composition of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruits and cladodes. The strain was inoculated in soil, and its effects on cactus pear plants were detected and compared to nontreated plants. Compared to the latter, the treatment with bacteria promoted an earlier plant sprouting (2 months before the control) and fruitification, ameliorating fruit quality (i.e., improved fresh and dry weight: + 24% and + 26%, respectively, increased total solid content by 30% and polyphenols concentrations by 22%). The quality and quantity of monosaccharides of cladodes were also increased by Arthrobacter sp. with a positive effect on their nutraceutical value. In summer, the mean values of xylose, arabinose, and mannose were significantly higher in treated compared to not treated plants (+ 3.54; + 7.04; + 4.76 mg/kg d.w. respectively). A similar trend was observed in autumn, when the cladodes of inoculated plants had higher contents, i.e., 33% xylose, 65% arabinose, and 40% mannose, respect to the controls. In conclusion, Arthrobacter sp. plays a role in the improvement of nutritional and nutraceutical properties of cactus pear plants due to its capabilities to promote plant growth. Therefore, these results open new perspectives in PGPB application in the agro-farming system as alternative strategy to improve cactus pear growth, yield, and cladodes quality, being the latter the main by-product to be utilized for additional industrial uses.
Evolving trends in the surgical therapy of patients with endometrial cancer in Germany: analysis of a nationwide registry with special emphasis on perioperative outcomes
Authors: Roth Katrin , Kaier Klaus , Stachon Peter , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Jungmann Peter , Grimm Juliane , Klar Maximilian , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Taran Florin-Andrei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in women, with increasing incidence in the last decades. Surgical therapy is the mainstay of the initial management. The present study analyzed the evolving trends of surgical therapy in Germany in patients diagnosed with EC recorded in a nationwide registry.

Methods
All patients with the diagnosis of EC undergoing open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery between 2007 and 2018 were identified by international classification of diseases (ICD) or specific operational codes (OPS) within the database of the German federal bureau of statistics.

Results
A total of 85,204 patients underwent surgical therapy for EC. Beginning with 2013, minimal-invasive surgical therapy was the leading approach for patients with EC. Open surgery was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), of prolonged mechanical ventilation (1.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), and of prolonged hospital stay (13.7 ± 10.2 days vs. 7.2 ± 5.3 days, p < 0.001) compared to laparoscopic surgery. A total of 1551 (0.04%) patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were converted to laparotomy. Procedure costs were highest for laparotomy, followed by robotic-assisted laparoscopy and laparoscopy (8286 ± 7533€ vs. 7083 ± 3893€ vs. 6047 ± 3509€, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The present study revealed that minimal-invasive surgery has increasingly become the standard surgical procedure for patients with EC in Germany. Furthermore, minimal-invasive surgery had superior in-hospital outcomes compared to laparotomy. Moreover, the use of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is increasing, with a comparable in-hospital safety profile to conventional laparoscopy.
The impact of anatomy variation on temperature based time of death estimation
Authors: Ullrich Julia , Weiser Martin , Shanmugam Subramaniam Jayant , Schenkl Sebastian , Muggenthaler Holger , Hubig Michael , Mall Gita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTemperature-based time of death estimation using simulation methods such as the finite element method promise higher accuracy and broader applicability in nonstandard cooling scenarios than established phenomenological methods. Their accuracy depends crucially on the simulation model to capture the actual situation, which in turn hinges on the representation of the corpse’s anatomy in form of computational meshes as well as on the thermodynamic parameters. While inaccuracies in anatomy representation due to coarse mesh resolution are known to have a minor impact on the estimated time of death, the sensitivity with respect to larger differences in the anatomy has so far not been studied. We assess this sensitivity by comparing four independently generated and vastly different anatomical models in terms of the estimated time of death in an identical cooling scenario. In order to isolate the impact of shape variation, the models are scaled to a reference size, and the possible impact of measurement location variation is excluded explicitly by finding measurement locations leading to minimum deviations. The thus obtained lower bound on the impact of anatomy on the estimated time of death shows, that anatomy variations lead to deviations of at least 5–10%.
A Simplified Approach to Estimate Anchoring Capacity of Blocky Rock Mass with Pressure Arch Theory
Authors: Shabanimashcool Mahdi , Bērziņš Andris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a simplified method for predicting rock mass resistance against tensile forces from rock anchors (anchor) is presented. The interaction of anchors and rock mass was investigated using three-dimensional discontinuous numerical modelling. Several patterns of rock discontinuities were assumed in the numerical modelling while a single anchor is embedded in it. The numerical results show that the existence of a discontinuity set sub-parallel to the anchor significantly improves the rock mass resistance against the tensile force from the anchors. This phenomenon is due to the rock block interlocking at the sub-parallel discontinuity set. Rock block interlocking generates a zone of stress concentration inside the rock mass which has an arch shape (i.e., a pressure arch), resisting against the anchor's tensile force. The load-bearing capacity of the pressure arch plays a significant role in the resistance of the rock mass against the forces from the rock anchor. A voussoir beam analogy was utilised to study the load-bearing capacity of the pressure arch. A simplified analytical approach was developed to assess the load-bearing capacity of the voussoir beams. Then, it was used in combination with the weight of the mobilised rock mass by the anchor to assess the maximum anchoring resistance of the rock mass (anchoring capacity). The suggested method was calibrated by numerical modelling and relevant published pull-out test results. The technique developed in this paper shows the significance of rock block size, shear behaviour of rock discontinuities, Young's modulus of the rock mass, and uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of the intact rock in anchoring capacity of rock masses.
Identitätsfindungen in den 20ern des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Steinmair Dagmar 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Psychotherapieausbildung ist eine Kompetenzorientierung, die Definition von Kompetenzprofilen, die entlang von Lernpfaden vermittelt werden, zentral. Mentalisierung beschreibt die menschliche Fähigkeit, eigene und fremde psychische Zustände zu verstehen und wird als eine der Kernkompetenzen von Psychotherapeut:innen angesehen. Bedarfserschließung und New-Work-Bewegungen legen ein Kompetenzmanagement und konstruktive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit nahe.
A dive into spectral inference networks: improved algorithms for self-supervised learning of continuous spectral representations
Authors: Wu J. , Wang S. F. , Perdikaris P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose a self-supervising learning framework for finding the dominant eigenfunction-eigenvalue pairs of linear and self-adjoint operators. We represent target eigenfunctions with coordinate-based neural networks and employ the Fourier positional encodings to enable the approximation of high-frequency modes. We formulate a self-supervised training objective for spectral learning and propose a novel regularization mechanism to ensure that the network finds the exact eigenfunctions instead of a space spanned by the eigenfunctions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of weight normalization as a mechanism to alleviate the risk of recovering linear dependent modes, allowing us to accurately recover a large number of eigenpairs. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated across a collection of representative benchmarks including both local and non-local diffusion operators, as well as high-dimensional time-series data from a video sequence. Our results indicate that the present algorithm can outperform competing approaches in terms of both approximation accuracy and computational cost.
The Influence of Partnership Status on Fertility Intentions of Childless Women and Men Across European Countries
Authors: Sturm Nadia , Koops Judith C. , Rutigliano Roberta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe absence of a suitable partner is the most frequently given reason for unmet fertility intentions across European countries while having a partner is positively associated with the intention to have a child. However, once this relationship is framed within a life-course approach, existing evidence is mixed and inconclusive. The norm to have children within a stable relationship and norms regarding the timing of childbirth are acknowledged in many contemporary societies. Therefore, the presence of a partner might have a stronger effect on fertility intentions around the social deadline for fertility, which could explain the mixed findings in previous research. This article analyses how fertility intentions are influenced by partnership status and how this relationship varies by age and across countries. We use data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey to analyse a sample of childless men and women aged 18–45 years from 12 European countries. We implement logistic regression models to investigate the influence of having a partner on fertility intentions during the life course. Previous studies found that the positive influence of having a partner either decreases across the life course or does not vary significantly. This study reveals that the positive association between partnership and fertility intentions increases from the age of 18, proving that whether someone is in a partnership becomes more influential at later stages in life. After a certain age threshold, which varies across countries and gender, this positive association either turns insignificant, remains positive, or reverses.
Do Income and Employment Uncertainty Affect Couple Stability? Evidence for France During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barbuscia Anna , Pailhé Ariane , Solaz Anne ,   Epicov team, Bajos Nathalie , Warszawski Josiane , Bagein Guillaume , Beck François , Counil Emilie , Jusot Florence , Lydie Nathalie , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Pailhé Ariane , Raynaud Philippe , Rouquette Alexandra , Rahib Delphine , Sicard Patrick , Slama Rémy , Spire Alexis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEconomic uncertainty and family dynamics are strictly connected. The increasing uncertainty generated by the Covid-19 pandemic is thus likely to affect couple relationships and stability, with potential opposite effects. Using data from the nationally representative EPICOV survey, that followed individuals throughout the first year of pandemic in France, we examined separation rates and how these were associated with different measures of employment and income uncertainty, including both pre-pandemic conditions and changes occurred during and after the first lockdown in Spring 2020 in France. Our results show increased rates of separation, especially among younger people, during the 6 months after the first lockdown, and a return to rates more similar to those observed in usual times, afterwards. Individuals who were unemployed and had lower income before the beginning of the pandemic were more likely to separate soon after the lockdown, while changes in employment conditions due to the lockdown were not linked with a higher separation risk. The job protection and the income compensation provided by the French state, as well a less stigmatising effect of unemployment occurred during the covid crisis, may explain the absence of effect. Self-declared deterioration in financial condition, especially when declared by men, was associated with higher separation risk for the whole year of observation.