bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of ɛ-Polylysine-Loaded Electrospun Nanofiber Mats from Persian Gum–Poly (Ethylene Oxide) and Evaluation of Their Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Souri Zahra , Hedayati Sara , Niakousari Mehrdad , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

In the present study, electrospun nanofiber mats were fabricated by mixing different ratios (96:4, 95:5, 94:6, 93:7, and 92:8) of Persian gum (PG) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). The SEM micrographs revealed that the nanofibers obtained from 93% PG and 7% PEO were bead-free and uniform. Therefore, it was selected as the optimized ratio of PG:PEO for the development of antimicrobial nanofibers loaded with ɛ-Polylysine (ɛ-PL). All of the spinning solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior and the viscosity decreased by increasing the shear rate. Additionally, the apparent viscosity, G′, and G″ of the spinning solutions increased as a function of PEO concentration, and the incorporation of ɛ-PL did not affect these parameters. The electrical conductivity of the solutions decreased when increasing the PEO ratio and with the incorporation of ɛ-PL. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the compatibility of polymers. The antimicrobial activity of nanofibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was investigated, and the samples loaded with ɛ-PL demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
Promoting Photosynthetic Production of Dammarenediol-II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via Gene Loading and Culture Optimization
Authors: Zhao Mei-Li , Li Xiang-Yu , Lan Cheng-Xiang , Yuan Zi-Ling , Zhao Jia-Lin , Huang Ying , Hu Zhang-Li , Jia Bin 
Published: July 2023

Ginsenosides are major bioactive compounds found in Panax ginseng that exhibit various pharmaceutical properties. Dammarenediol-II, the nucleus of dammarane-type ginsenosides, is a promising candidate for pharmacologically active triterpenes. Dammarenediol-II synthase (DDS) cyclizes 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce dammarenediol-II. Based on the native terpenoids synthetic pathway, a dammarane-type ginsenosides synthetic pathway was established in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by introducing P. ginseng PgDDS, CYP450 enzyme (PgCYP716A47), or/and Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene (AtCPR), which is responsible for producing dammarane-type ginsenosides. To enhance productivity, strategies such as “gene loading” and “culture optimizing” were employed. Multiple copies of transgene expression cassettes were introduced into the genome to increase the expression of the key rate-limiting enzyme gene, PgDDS, significantly improving the titer of dammarenediol-II to approximately 0.2 mg/L. Following the culture optimization in an opt2 medium supplemented with 1.5 mM methyl jasmonate under a light:dark regimen, the titer of dammarenediol-II increased more than 13-fold to approximately 2.6 mg/L. The C. reinhardtii strains engineered in this study constitute a good platform for the further production of ginsenosides in microalgae.
Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone Foils for the Topical Treatment of Wound Infections with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Rancan Fiorenza , Jurisch Jana , Hadam Sabrina , Vogt Annika , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike , Bayer Ilker S. , Contardi Marco , Schaudinn Christoph 
Published: July 2023

Bacterial infections are a constant challenge in the management of acute and chronic wounds. Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, have increased significantly in the last few years due to the rise of an aging population. A better understanding of the infectious pathophysiological mechanisms is urgently needed along with new options for the treatment of wound infections and wound-healing disorders. New advances in the preparation of biocompatible dressing materials that can be loaded with antimicrobial drugs may improve the topical treatment of infected wounds. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) foils loaded with ciprofloxacin (Cipro-foils) in the presence of acetic acid as a co-solvent. We used ex vivo human wounds that were infected with two bacterial strains: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). The effectiveness of the treatment was demonstrated by the quantification of the living bacteria extracted from the wound and the detection of released immunological mediators in skin extracts and in the skin culture media. We found that Cipro-foils effectively treated the infection with both PAO1 and MRSA. Other than PAO1, MRSA had no lytic activity toward skin proteins. MRSA infections increased cytokines’ expression and release. Interestingly, treatment with Cipro-foils could partially counteract these effects.
Incidencia económica por congestión vehicular. Un análisis enfocado en los transportistas del servicio público urbano
Authors: Ruiz Guajala Mery Esperanza , Mayorga Abril César Medardo , Salazar López María de los Ángeles , Mayorga Urquizo Sofía Isabel 
Published: July 2023

El transporte urbano constituye una actividad económica de vital importancia para el desarrollo y crecimiento de los pueblos, por lo tanto, es destacable conocer como la congestión vehicular y el caos que ésta genera incide económicamente en las diferentes operadoras del servicio de transporte. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo determinar el costo que asume el transportista por el consumo excesivo de combustible por la congestión vehicular. Para tal efecto se aplica una encuesta estructurada, a tasa de respuesta, a 99 choferes de buses urbanos de la ciudad de Ambato, indagando sobre el grado de afectación económica por congestión vehicular, posteriormente se aplica un modelo matemático para calcular el tiempo de exceso o demora por congestión y el costo del consumo de combustible causado por la misma externalidad. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que los transportistas sienten una afectación económica, reflejándose en términos monetarios valores significativos diarios de pérdida por consumo excesivo de combustible es de $1,42 por hora, así como también de retraso en el tiempo de ruta que en promedio es de 30 minutos diarios por cada bus.
Primera infancia en América Latina: manejo de las emociones e interacciones de collided en pospandemia
Authors: Mujica-Stach Ana Milena 
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo corresponde a un estudio exploratorio y preliminar y parte del de interpretar el manejo de las emociones e interacciones de calidad por parte de las docentes desde una perspectiva vivencial, dentro del contexto de la primera infancia en postpandemia en Latinoamérica. En este marco, se trabajó en ocho países de la región con docentes de Educación Inicial. La metodología utilizada para procesar la información recabada fueron las entrevistas. Se asumió un enfoque interpretativo de la realidad, conjuntamente con los preceptos de la Teoría Fundamentada y su Método Comparativo Constante. Los hallazgos permiten vislumbrar las categorías Manejo de las Emociones e Interacción de Calidad como elementos definidos por las subcategorías abordaje emocional, gestión emocional, herramientas emocionales, ambientes responsivos, formación docente, y autorregulación emocional. Las reflexiones concluyentes en relación al objetivo planteado resaltan la importancia y relevancia que para la formación docente tiene el fomento del abordaje de las emociones y su incorporación en el diseño de situaciones de aprendizaje.
Interconception care in Australian general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: James Sharon , Watson Cathy , Bernard Elodie , Rathnasekara Greasha K , Mazza Danielle 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundGPs provide care for women across the lifespan. This care currently includes preconception and postpartum phases of a woman’s life. Interconception care (ICC) addresses women’s health issues between pregnancies that then have impact on maternal and infant outcomes, such as lifestyle and biomedical risks, interpregnancy intervals, and contraception provision. However, ICC in general practice is not well established.AimTo explore GP perspectives about ICC.Design and settingQualitative interviews were undertaken with GPs between May and July 2018.MethodEighteen GPs were purposively recruited from South–Eastern Australia. Audiorecorded semi- structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using the Framework Method.ResultsMost participants were unfamiliar with the concept of ICC. Delivery was mainly opportunistic, depending on the woman’s presenting need. Rather than a distinct and required intervention, participants conceptualised components of ICC as forming part of routine practice. GPs described many challenges including lack of clarity about recommended ICC content and timing, lack of engagement and perceived value from mothers, and time constraints during consultations. Facilitators included care continuity and the availability of patient education material.ConclusionFindings indicate that ICC is not a familiar concept for GPs, who feel that they have limited capacity to deliver such care. Further research to evaluate patient perspectives and potential models of care is required before ICC improvements can be developed, trialled, and evaluated. These models could include the colocation of multidisciplinary services and services in combination with well-child visits.
Population, workforce, and organisational characteristics affecting appointment rates: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis in primary care
Authors: Zhao Tianchang , Meacock Rachel , Sutton Matt 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe recent publication of data on appointment volumes for all general practices in England has enabled representative analysis of factors affecting appointment activity rates for the first time.AimTo identify population, workforce, and organisational predictors of practice variations in appointment volume.Design and settingA multivariable cross-sectional regression analysis of 6284 general practices in England was undertaken using data from August–October 2022.MethodMultivariable regression analyses was conducted. It related population age and deprivation, numbers of GPs, nurses, and other care professionals, and organisation characteristics to numbers of appointments by staff type and to proportions of appointments on the same or next day after booking.ResultsAppointment levels were higher at practices serving rural areas. Practices serving more deprived populations had more appointments with other care professionals but not GPs. One additional full-time equivalent (FTE) GP was associated with an extra 175 appointments over 3 months. Additional FTEs of other staff types were associated with larger differences in appointment rates (367 appointments per additional nurse and 218 appointments per additional other care professional over 3 months). There was evidence of substitution between staff types in appointment provision. Levels of staffing were not associated with proportions of same-or next-day appointments.ConclusionHigher staffing levels are associated with more appointment provision, but not speed of appointment availability. New information on activity levels has shown evidence of substitution between GPs and other care professionals in appointment provision and demonstrated additional workload for practices serving deprived and rural areas.
How new clinical roles in primary care impact on equitable distribution of workforce: a retrospective study
Authors: Hutchinson Joseph , Lau Yiu-Shing , Sutton Matt , Checkland Kath 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThere are inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce in England. Primary care networks (PCNs), and the associated Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) funding, have stimulated employment of new healthcare roles. However, it is not clear whether this will impact inequalities.AimTo examine whether the ARRS impacted inequality in the distribution of the primary care workforce.Design and settingA retrospective before-and-after study of English PCNs in 2019 and 2022.MethodThe study combined workforce, population, and deprivation data at network level for March 2019 and March 2022. The change was estimated between 2019 and 2022 in the slope index of inequality (SII) across deprivation of full-time equivalent (FTE) GPs (total doctors, qualified GPs, and doctors-in-training), nurses, direct patient care, administrative, ARRS and non- ARRS, and total staff per 10 000 patients.ResultsA total of 1255 networks were included. Nurses and qualified GPs decreased in number while all other staff roles increased, with ARRS staff having the greatest increase. There was a pro- rich change in the SII for administrative staff (−0.482, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.841 to −0.122,P<0.01) and a pro- poor change for doctors-in-training (0.161, 95% CI = 0.049 to 0.274,P<0.01). Changes in distribution of all other staff types were not statistically significant.ConclusionBetween 2019 and 2022 the distribution of administrative staff became less pro-poor, and doctors-in-training became pro-poor. The changes in inequality in all other staff groups were mixed. The introduction of PCNs has not substantially changed the longstanding inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce.
Chronic disease management in patients with intellectual disabilities: a matched study in Dutch general practice
Authors: van den Bemd Milou , Cuypers Maarten , Schalk Bianca WM , Leusink Geraline L , Bischoff Erik WMA 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDisease management programmes (DMPs) aim to deliver standardised, high- quality care to patients with chronic diseases. Although chronic diseases are common among people with intellectual disabilities (ID), this approach may be suboptimal for meeting their care needs.AimTo examine differences between patients with and without ID who have a chronic illness in DMP enrolment and disease monitoring in Dutch general practice.Design and settingObservational study utilising the Nivel Primary Care Database (2015–2018) comparing patients with ID and cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with matched (1:5) controls with these conditions but without ID.MethodUsing conditional logistic regression, enrolment in DMP per chronic disease was examined and differences tested between groups in the frequencies of consultations, medication prescriptions, and routine examinations.ResultsA total of 2653 patients with chronic illness with ID were matched with 13 265 controls without ID. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and ID were more likely than controls to be enrolled in DMP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 1.64). Independent of DMP enrolment, patients with chronic illness with ID were more likely than controls to have frequent consultations. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and ID and patients with both COPD and ID who were not enrolled in DMPs had more medication prescriptions than non-enrolled patients with diabetes or COPD but without ID (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.95; OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.66, respectively). Most patients with ID and their controls enrolled in DMPs received routine examinations at similar frequencies.ConclusionAlthough DMPs do not specifically address the needs of patients with both chronic illness and ID, these patients do not seem underserved in the management of chronic diseases in terms of consultation, medication, and tests.
Motivational interviewing for the management of child and adolescent obesity: a systematic literature review
Authors: Lutaud Romain , Mitilian Eva , Forte Jenny , Gentile Gaetan , Reynaud Rachel , Truffet Camille , Bellanger Thibault 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAmong children or adolescents with obesity, 40–70.5% will remain obese as adults according to their paediatric body mass index (BMI). The recommended management involves changes in their nutritional habits (diet, physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle). Motivational interviewing (MI), a patient-centred consultation, has proven its worth in many fields where acting on behaviours is essential.AimTo investigate the use and outcomes of MI in the management of children and adolescents who are overweight and obese.Design & settingA systematic review evaluated MI in the management of children and adolescents who are overweight and obese.MethodPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CISMeF were searched between January 2022 and March 2022 for following terms: ‘motivational interviewing’, ‘overweight or obesity’, ‘children or adolescent’ to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Inclusion criteria were interventions involving MI in children or adolescents who were commonly (polygenically) overweight or obese. Exclusion criteria were: studies before 1991; and articles not written in English or French. The first stage of the selection process was carried out by reading the titles and abstracts. A second stage was carried out by reading the complete studies. A secondary inclusion of articles was carried out following the reading of bibliographic references, mainly from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The data were summarised in synthetic tables based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) tool.ResultsFrom 444 articles the review identified 26 RCTs. Statistically significant results were found for all criteria (anthropometric and behavourial) in both children and adolescents. Quality of life and depression scores were also improved. Parental presence in the interview appeared to be essential for children, whereas for adolescents, the supportive involvement of parents outside of the interviews seemed more appropriate. The frequency and duration of the interventions played a major role in obtaining results, as did the number of people involved, and the diversity of the places where they are taken care of.ConclusionMI seems promising for children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, within the framework of a comprehensive, multiprofessional, family management, carried out over a long period with regular consultations.
The barriers and enablers of older person health assessments in Australian primary care: clinician and patient perspectives
Authors: Iyengar Nagalaxmi , Mitchell Eleanor 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHealth assessments (HAs) were introduced for at-risk patients, including older people, to have their health comprehensively monitored by their GP, to assess specific areas of health, such as risk factors for chronic disease and psychosocial problems, which may be overlooked in shorter consultations. Two forms of older person HAs are available for GPs to perform annually, HAs for non-Indigenous older Australians aged >75 (75+ HA) and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians aged >55 years (55+ ATSIHA).AimThe present study aimed to explore the perspectives of older Australians undertaking HA (both 75+HA and 55+ ATSIHA) and clinician perspectives (GPs and practice nurses [PNs]) to enhance the items covered within the HA and develop targeted education resources to improve uptake of HAs.Study & designA qualitative study design incorporating semi-structured interviews and narrative inquiry was performed, inviting patients who have undergone HAs (75+HA and 55+ ATSIHAs) across two metropolitan general practice clinics. Clinicians who completed the HAs were also invited to participate in this study.MethodA total of 15 clinicians (11 GPs and 4 PNs) and 15 patients participated in this study. Thematic analysis was used to identify barriers and enablers of HAs.ResultsCommon barriers to both patients and clinicians include time, language, lack of relevance, and fear of the unknown. Identification of risk factors and the opportunity to discuss topics not covered in shorter consults were common enablers for both patients and clinicians.ConclusionFour major patient barriers identified in this study include communication, accessibility, lack of engagement, and lack of patient preparation. The comprehensive nature of HAs was a major enabler for both clinicians and patients.
Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Kayu Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Pada Tikus Putih
Authors: Septiawati Rika , Kurniawati Darini , Herawati Anita 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK

Luka terbuka yang tidak diobati berpotensi mengakibatkan infeksi yang dapat merambat ke jaringan atau organ lain menyebabkan infeksi kronik bahkan kematian, sehingga perlu mempercepat proses penyembuhannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol kulit Kayu Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat pada tikus putih. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu true experimental dengan post test only kontrol group design. Sampel sebanyak 25 ekor tikus putih jantan diberi luka sayat dan diberi perlakuan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, ekstrak konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 75%. Kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap fase penyembuhan dan perubahan panjang luka sayat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas penyembuhan luka seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Pada fase penyembuhan luka, ekstrak 75% lebih cepat memasuki fase proliferasi pada hari ke-3 dan mencapai fase maturasi dihari ke-6. Rata-rata waktu penyembuhan tiap kelompok berbeda-beda, paling cepat ekstrak 75% yaitu 6-7 hari dan paling lama kontrol negatif 9-10 hari. Uji Mann-Whitney juga menunjukkan kelompok ekstrak 75% terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap waktu penyembuhan luka.

Kata kunci : Vitex pubescens Vahl, luka sayat, waktu penyembuhan
An Examination of the Values of Islamic Education and Western Secular Education: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Al Farabi Mohammad , Hasibuan Fachri Husaini , Maulana Ahmad , As-Sya’i Ahmad Rasyid 
Published: July 2023

This paper has discussed the importance of creating reflective dialogue across contemporary and diverse cultures of higher education to facilitate mutual understanding and a desire to relate more to one another. This research explores important aspects related to the educational crisis by reviewing the conceptions and values of Islamic and Western education. The method used qualitative research. The type of research is Library Research with descriptive analysis techniques. The analysis is carried out on data or content related to the theme of discussion and problems studied from library sources such as books and scientific journals. Data used books and related research. Previous research, notably Muhammad Syafiq Mughni and Yunus Abu Bakar, compares Islamic and Western secular education. Muhammad Syafiq and Yunus Abu Bakar discussed Islamic education theory and its consequences for its development. Nur studied western and Islamic education philosophies. This research found that Islamic and Western higher education values differ by presenting evidence of a reflective and critical educational legacy, so there is a need to revive the tradition of pedagogical curiosity to inspire the dialogue of cross-views that often occurs between Islam and the West, which allows both sides to acknowledge the differences in principles and reality and the inevitability of mutual understanding. Muslim higher education institutions that are emerging gradually, such as universities that are rapidly expanding, need to promote educational ideals of openness, critique, and conversation to instill an open paradigm of thinking and being scientific. This study emphasises the need to make Islamic Education Studies an integrative subject of empirical research and professional growth in Islamic and Western higher education institutions.