bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupil size tracks cue–trace interactions during episodic memory retrieval
Authors: Siefert Elizabeth M. , He Mingjian , Festa Elena K. , Heindel William C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur ability to remember past events requires not only storing enduring engrams or memory traces of these events, but also successfully reactivating these latent traces in response to appropriate cues at the time of retrieval—a process that has been termed ecphory. However, relatively little is known about the processes that facilitate the dynamic interactions between retrieval cues and stored memory traces that are critical for successful recognition and recollection. Recently, an intriguing link between pupil dilation and recognition memory has been identified, with studied items eliciting greater pupil dilation than unstudied items during retrieval. However, the processes contributing to this “pupillary old/new effect” remain unresolved, with current explanations suggesting that it reflects the strength of the underlying memory trace. Here, we explore the novel hypothesis that the pupillary old/new effect does not index memory strength alone, but rather reflects the facilitation of cue–trace interactions during episodic memory retrieval that may be supported by activity within the pupil‐linked locus coeruleus‐noradrenergic (LC‐NA) arousal system. First, we show that the magnitude of pupil dilation is influenced by the degree of overlap between cue and trace information. Second, we find that the magnitude of pupil dilation reflects the amount of study contextual information reinstated during retrieval. These findings provide a novel framework for understanding the pupillary old/new effect, and identify a potential role for the LC‐NA system in recognition memory retrieval.
A qualitative assessment and short‐term mediation analysis of defeat, entrapment, and suicide
Authors: Rasmussen Susan , Cramer Robert J. , Nascimbene Laura , Robertson Ryan A. , Cacace Sam , Bowling Jessamyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Integrated Motivational‐Volitional Model (IMV) of Suicide is growing in empirical support. The present study advances IMV research through two aims: (1) to qualitatively probe the subjective experiences of defeat, internal entrapment, and external entrapment, and (2) conducting a 3‐month prospective mediation analysis using quantitative and qualitative metrics of defeat and entrapment.MethodsThe study featured an online two‐point survey separated by 3 months. Participants were 255 adults living in the United Kingdom.ResultsPersons endorsing qualitative defeat and internal entrapment in their narratives also showed higher quantitative scores on corresponding IMV and suicide‐related self‐report scales. Internal entrapment mediated the effect of baseline defeat on 3‐month suicidal ideation, whereas external entrapment mediated the association of baseline defeat on 3‐month suicide attempt likelihood. Quantitative assessment of entrapment was more significantly associated with suicide attempts and ideation within mediation tests compared to corresponding qualitative variables.ConclusionsIMV model principles are largely supported by findings. Mediation results support further consideration of entrapment and defeat within clinical practice and public health‐focused suicide research. Understanding the complexity of entrapment narratives represents an important next step for conducting qualitative IMV‐focused research with minoritized and high‐risk suicide populations.
Direct and vicarious experiences of discrimination and rumination among Latinos before and during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Volpert‐Esmond Hannah I. , Aboargob Manal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeople from racial/ethnic minority groups can experience discrimination in various ways, including both being the direct target of discrimination (directly experienced discrimination) and learning about others' experiences of discrimination (vicariously experienced discrimination). Additionally, the frequency of these experiences may change over time as larger societal changes occur. In this retrospective self‐report study, we examined how Latinos' experiences of discrimination changed during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, examining both direct and vicariously experienced discrimination, in real life and online. Participants reported significantly less discrimination in‐person during the beginning of the pandemic relative to before the pandemic (both direct and vicarious), but no changes for direct or vicarious discrimination experienced online. We also examined changes in rumination, a maladaptive coping strategy thought to prolong negative effects of discrimination. Rumination was experienced more frequently than discrimination in general and increased during the beginning of the pandemic. Importantly, experiences of discrimination and rumination were related to mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and loneliness.
Consonantal decomposition in interlanguage mapping*
Authors: Ahn Sang‐Cheol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes segmental decomposition processes in interlanguage mapping, showing that the major place property is the most important factor among all phonological properties to be preserved. For instance, the duality of the Japanese fricative /ɸ/ triggers segmental decomposition both in Japanese loan adaptation of the English /f/ and in Korean adaptation of the Japanese fricative. Moreover, the targets of decomposition may include affricates, fricatives, and even a velar nasal. Furthermore, allophonic variation in the source language may show up in the recipient language as variations, even in transcription. Finally, I discuss the role of VOT which contributes to the interlanguage mapping.
Troubling economic geography: New directions in the post‐pandemic world
Authors: Yeung Henry Wai‐chung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis intervention focuses on recent disruptions and transformations in the (post)pandemic world economy that will likely ‘trouble’ economic geographers for some time to come. It aims to foster constructive dialogues and move conversations forward in the expanding field of economic geography whose presence and relevance in critical human geography is ironically at stake. I contend that economic geography in the early 2020s is characterised by a changing world and a changing generation of more diverse researchers who can be innovative enough to take on these troubling themes for future research. I suggest four such research directions that combine new themes of geopolitics and risks in remaking the global economy with older issues of work and environment that certainly merit renewed interest and greater analytical attention in the field. Taken together, these new horizons for economic geography research throughout the 2020s and beyond can be well capitalised upon to enhance the intellectual and public relevance of the field.
Prevalence and factors associated with initial and subsequent shockable cardiac arrest rhythms and their association with patient outcomes in dogs and cats undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A RECOVER registry study
Authors: Vega Suarez Laura , Epstein Steven E. , Martin Linda G. , Davidow Elizabeth B. , Hoehne Sabrina N. ,   the RECOVER CPR Registry Consortium
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo report the prevalence of initial shockable cardiac arrest rhythms (I‐SHKR), incidence of subsequent shockable cardiac arrest rhythms (S‐SHKR), and factors associated with I‐SHKRs and S‐SHKRs and explore their association with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates in dogs and cats undergoing CPR.DesignMulti‐institutional prospective case series from 2016 to 2021, retrospectively analyzed.SettingEight university and eight private practice veterinary hospitals.AnimalsA total of 457 dogs and 170 cats with recorded cardiac arrest rhythm and event outcome reported in the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation CPR registry.Measurements and Main ResultsLogistic regression was used to evaluate association of animal, hospital, and arrest variables with I‐SHKRs and S‐SHKRs and with patient outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated, and significance was set at P < 0.05. Of 627 animals included, 28 (4%) had I‐SHKRs. Odds for I‐SHKRs were significantly higher in animals with a metabolic cause of arrest (OR 7.61) and that received lidocaine (OR 17.50) or amiodarone (OR 21.22) and significantly lower in animals experiencing arrest during daytime hours (OR 0.22), in the ICU (OR 0.27), in the emergency room (OR 0.13), and out of hospital (OR 0.18) and that received epinephrine (OR 0.19). Of 599 initial nonshockable rhythms, 74 (12%) developed S‐SHKRs. Odds for S‐SHKRs were significantly higher in animals with higher body weight (OR 1.03), hemorrhage (OR 2.85), or intracranial cause of arrest (OR 3.73) and that received epinephrine (OR 11.36) or lidocaine (OR 18.72) and significantly decreased in those arresting in ICU (OR 0.27), emergency room (OR 0.29), and out of hospital (OR 0.38). Overall, 171 (27%) animals achieved ROSC, 81 (13%) achieved sustained ROSC, and 15 (2%) survived. Neither I‐SHKRs nor S‐SHKRs were significantly associated with ROSC.ConclusionsI‐SHKRs and S‐SHKRs occur infrequently in dogs and cats undergoing CPR and are not associated with increased ROSC rates.
Possible development and resolution of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype secondary to atypical hypoadrenocorticism in a dog
Authors: Riggs Alexandra H. , Rhinehart Jaylyn , Cooper Edward S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report the possible occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype associated with atypical hypoadrenocorticism and subsequent marked improvement with treatment in a mixed breed dog.Case SummaryA 4.5‐year‐old, neutered male mixed breed dog was evaluated for a history and clinicopathological changes consistent with atypical hypoadrenocorticism. The dog was being fed a grain‐free diet. While hospitalized for supportive care and diagnostics, the patient developed and was diagnosed with biventricular congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype and IV fluid administration. The left‐sided congestive heart failure resolved with discontinuation of IV fluid therapy and short‐term administration of diuretics. After treatment of atypical hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid supplementation, and while continuing to be fed varying grain‐free diets, the patient's dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype largely resolved. The patient fully recovered and did not require any long‐term cardiac medications.New or Unique Information ProvidedDevelopment of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype has not been described in dogs as a sequela of untreated hypoadrenocorticism but has been reported in human literature. Given the fact that standard management of hypoadrenocorticism typically involves aggressive fluid resuscitation, awareness of this potential sequela is important for patients that fail to respond or develop signs consistent with volume overload.
The impact of tutoring on nursing students' clinical judgment: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Davis Beena , Anderson Jeffrey , Gonzales Mildred 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses' lack of clinical judgment often leads to adverse patient outcomes due to failure to recognize clinical deterioration, intervene, and manage complications. Teaching clinical judgment through a nursing process can help nursing students provide safe and competent patient care with improved health outcomes and to pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX‐RN).AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of tutoring on clinical judgment of undergraduate nursing students utilizing Lasater's Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR). This study also compared the clinical judgment of male and female nursing students and students from different semester levels.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study utilized a single group pretest, posttest design. A convenience sample of n = 40 undergraduate nursing students from the Los Angeles County College of Nursing and Allied Health participated in the study. The participants underwent a pretest simulation, four sessions of the Clinical Judgment Model (CJM)‐based tutoring, and a posttest simulation.ResultsThe posttest clinical judgment scores (35.70 ± 3.6) were significantly different from the pretest scores (25.78 ± 5.20). The tutoring had a significant effect on the clinical judgment of nursing students t(39) = −11.64, n = 40, p < .001, at 95% CI of the mean difference.Linking Evidence to ActionEnhancing nursing students' clinical judgment is crucial to provide high‐quality, safe patient care with improved health outcomes. The CJM‐based tutoring is an effective strategy for developing clinical judgment in nursing students. This new teaching approach can train students to critically think, develop clinical judgment, and prepare for the complex healthcare environment. Therefore, nurse educators should focus on integrating clinical judgment into the prelicensure nursing program curriculum as a priority.
Fourier expansion of light‐cone Eisenstein series
Authors: Kelmer Dubi , Yu Shucheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, we give an explicit formula for the Fourier coefficients of Eisenstein series corresponding to certain arithmetic lattices acting on hyperbolic ‐space. As a consequence, we obtain results on location of all poles of these Eisenstein series as well as their supremum norms. We use this information to get new results on counting rational points on spheres.
Tropical descendant invariants with line constraints
Authors: Blomme Thomas , Markwig Hannah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVia correspondence theorems, rational log Gromov–Witten invariants of the plane can be computed in terms of tropical geometry. For many cases, there exists a range of algorithms to compute tropically: for instance, there are (generalised) lattice path counts and floor diagram techniques. So far, the cases for which there exist algorithms do not extend to non‐stationary rational descendant log Gromov–Witten invariants, that is, those where Psi‐conditions do not have to be matched up with the evaluation of a point. The case of rational descendant log Gromov–Witten invariants satisfying point conditions (without Psi‐conditions) and one Psi‐condition of any power combined with a line plays a particularly important role, because it shows up in mirror symmetry as contributions to coefficients of the ‐function. We provide recursive formulas to compute those numbers via tropical methods. Our method is inspired by the tropical proof of the WDVV equations. We also extend our study to counts involving two lines, both paired up with a Psi‐condition, appearing with power 1.
Circulating Gal‐3 and sST2 are associated with acute exercise‐induced sustained endothelial activation: Possible relevance for fibrosis development?
Authors: Kröpfl Julia M. , Beltrami Fernando G. , Gruber Hans‐Jürgen , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno , Dieterle Thomas , Spengler Christina M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong‐term, intense endurance exercise training can occasionally induce endothelial micro‐damage and cardiac fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Twenty healthy, well‐trained male participants (10 runners and 10 cyclists) performed a strenuous high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) session matched by age, height, weight and maximal oxygen consumption. We assessed the acute exercise response of novel cardiac biomarkers of fibrosis [e.g., galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2)] per exercise modality and their relationship with haemodynamic contributors, such as preload, afterload and cardiac contractility index (CTi), in addition to endothelial damage by sustained activation and shedding of endothelial cells (ECs). Serum Gal‐3 and sST2 concentrations were investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays; haemodynamics were analysed via impedance plethysmography and circulating ECs by flow cytometry. The Gal‐3 and sST2 concentrations and ECs were elevated after exercise (P < 0.001), without interaction between exercise modalities. Circulating Gal‐3 and sST2 concentrations both showed a positive relationship with ECs (rrm = 0.68, P = 0.001 and rrm = 0.57, P = 0.010, respectively, both n = 18). The EC association with Gal‐3 was significant only in cyclists, but equally strong for both modalities. Gal‐3 was also related to exercise‐induced CTi (rrm = 0.57, P = 0.011, n = 18). Cardiac wall stress is increased after an acute HIIT session but does not differ between exercise modalities. Exercise‐released Gal‐3 from cardiac macrophages could very probably drive systemic endothelial damage, based on an enhanced CTi. The importance of acute exercise‐induced vascular resistances and cardiac contractility for the release of fibrotic biomarkers and any long‐term pathological endothelial adaptation should be investigated further, also relative to the exercise modality.
Investigation of Thermal Radiation, Atomization Air, and Fuel Temperature Effects on Liquid Fuel Combustion
Authors: Bazdidi-Tehrani Farzad , Rezaei Amir Hossein , Ghiyasi Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of radiative heat transfer, atomization air temperature and mass flowrate, and fuel initial temperature on liquid diesel fuel (C16H34) combustion. Fuel is injected by an airblast atomizer inside a model cylindrical combustion chamber. Geometry of the airblast atomizer is modeled in detail so that its impacts on droplet breakup and flow formation are accurately considered. Evaporating fuel spray is simulated by the discrete phase model based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. Turbulent viscosity is numerically computed by the realizable k–ɛ turbulence model while the discrete ordinates model and the steady flamelet model are applied for modeling the radiative heat transfer and combustion, respectively. NO species concentrations are achieved using post-processing. It turns out that neglecting thermal radiation in well-atomized spray combustion only affects high-temperature zones by increasing the axial temperature values of the mixture by almost 8%. Thermal radiation has an imperative effect on producing NO species. Without considering thermal radiation, axial NO concentration becomes almost doubled. Augmentation in mass flowrate and temperature values of atomization air enhances spray formation and combustion efficiency by increasing the evaporation rate. Changing the fuel temperature from 300 K to 325 K rises the total temperature at the end of the centerline of the model combustion chamber by 9.8%. It is shown that increasing the fuel’s initial temperature is not a suitable choice compared to enhancing the temperature and mass flowrate of the atomization air.
Structure of Aggressive Behavior in Underyearlings of the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae) Changes under the Influence of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda) Parasites
Authors: Mikheev V. N. , Pasternak A. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of aggressive behavior of the underyearlings of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with metacercariae of the trematodes Diplostomum pseudospathaceum has been studied in an experimental heterogeneous environment for 48 days. The fish competed for the dark area of the bottom by charges, biting, chasing, and frontal and lateral displays. The sharply increased aggressiveness of fish when the parasites became infective (1.0–1.5 months after infection), i.e., capable of infecting the final host (piscivorous birds), manifested itself in an increased frequency of bites (more than 20 times compared to the control) and charges (almost three times) and was accompanied by fast movements, sharp maneuvers, and low ability to compete for shelters. The share of comparatively slow displays and chasing was much smaller. The strategy of D. pseudospathaceum manipulation of fish behavior consists of two stages: (1) protecting the host from predators; (2) increasing the vulnerability of the host. At the first stage, the general level of aggression decreases sharply; at the second, on the contrary, aggressiveness rapidly increases, but the ratio of different categories of aggression changes. The share of categories that make the host more vulnerable to predators increases. High activity and low competitiveness of infected fish contribute to their rapid extermination by predators or moving to another habitat. Such migration of fish can increase the fitness of the parasite, facilitating its dispersal in the water body.
Association of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene (BDNF) Val66Met Polymorphism with Individual Alpha Peak Frequency and Alpha Power in Adults
Authors: Privodnova E. Yu. , Volf N. V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract—A single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met) functions to regulate activity-dependent secretion of (BDNF), which plays an important role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. In several studies, theMetallele was associated with lower electroencephalogram (EEG) α-power values, calculated in the standard frequency range, in young subjects. In addition to α-power, one of the inherited EEG correlates of brain functioning is individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF). Although IAPF has a separate functional role, its association with BDNFVal66Metpolymorphism has not been studied. IAPF is also used to determine the boundaries of individual frequency ranges, which, unlike the standard ones, are more consistent with functional rhythm characteristics. Using a sample of 192 subjects aged 18–78 years, the association between parietal-occipital IAPF and BDNF polymorphism, as well as the genotype differences in α-power calculated in standard (8–12 Hz) and individual frequency ranges (from (IAPF –2) to (IAPF +2) Hz) were examined. A decrease of IAPF inVal/Metcompared toVal/Valwas observed. For power calculated in the individual frequency range, genetic differences in both eyes-closed (Val/Met> homozygous genotypes) and eyes-open (Val-carriers >Met/Met) conditions were revealed. Analysis within the standard frequency range showed differences only in the eyes-open condition, which could be due to a shift of power indicators calculated in the α-rhythm functional range to the low frequency region amongVal/Metcarriers, which showed a decrease in IAPF. The results suggest that the inclusion ofVal/Metin the pooled group ofMetcarriers in the analysis of genetic differences in brain activity may level out the differences between theVal/ValandVal/Metgenotypes and show the advantage of using individual frequency bands in the analysis of BDNF Val66Met-associated EEG features.