bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Capturing to Support Pilot Decision-Making
Authors: Marois Alexandre , Lafond Daniel , Audouy Amandine , Boronat Hugo , Mazoyer Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Single-pilot operations are cognitively challenging for pilots and could benefit from decision-support tools to mitigate risk-prone situations. The Cognitive Shadow is a prototype tool that employs policy capturing, a data-driven technique used to model decisions, to learn users’ judgement policies and alert decision discrepancies from one’s decision pattern. This proof-of-concept study investigates the potential of policy capturing to model pilots’ policies facing unstable approaches. Pilots were presented simulated cases and asked whether to continue descent or to go-around while the policy-capturing tool learned their decision pattern and provided feedback. Individual models reached mean predictive accuracy of ~ 89% while the group model reached 100%. These results speak to the potential of extracting pilots’ knowledge using policy capturing to create decision aids.
Medical microrobots in reproductive medicine from the bench to the clinic
Authors: Nauber Richard , Goudu Sandhya R. , Goeckenjan Maren , Bornhäuser Martin , Ribeiro Carla , Medina-Sánchez Mariana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMedical microrobotics is an emerging field that aims at non-invasive diagnosis and therapy inside the human body through miniaturized sensors and actuators. Such microrobots can be tethered (e.g., smart microcatheters, microendoscopes) or untethered (e.g., cell-based drug delivery systems). Active motion and multiple functionalities, distinguishing microrobots from mere passive carriers and conventional nanomedicines, can be achieved through external control with physical fields such as magnetism or ultrasound. Here we give an overview of the key challenges in the field of assisted reproduction and how these new technologies could, in the future, enable assisted fertilization in vivo and enhance embryo implantation. As a case study, we describe a potential intervention in the case of recurrent embryo implantation failure, which involves the non-invasive delivery of an early embryo back to the fertilization site using magnetically-controlled microrobots. As the embryo will be in contact with the secretory oviduct fluid, it can develop under natural conditions and in synchrony with the endometrium preparation. We discuss the potential microrobot designs, including a proper selection of materials and processes, envisioning their translation from bench to animal studies and human medicine. Finally, we highlight regulatory and ethical considerations for bringing this technology to the clinic.
Searching for spin glass ground states through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Fan Changjun , Shen Mutian , Nussinov Zohar , Liu Zhong , Sun Yizhou , Liu Yang-Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpin glasses are disordered magnets with random interactions that are, generally, in conflict with each other. Finding the ground states of spin glasses is not only essential for understanding the nature of disordered magnets and many other physical systems, but also useful to solve a broad array of hard combinatorial optimization problems across multiple disciplines. Despite decades-long efforts, an algorithm with both high accuracy and high efficiency is still lacking. Here we introduce DIRAC – a deep reinforcement learning framework, which can be trained purely on small-scale spin glass instances and then applied to arbitrarily large ones. DIRAC displays better scalability than other methods and can be leveraged to enhance any thermal annealing method. Extensive calculations on 2D, 3D and 4D Edwards-Anderson spin glass instances demonstrate the superior performance of DIRAC over existing methods. The presented framework will help us better understand the nature of the low-temperature spin-glass phase, which is a fundamental challenge in statistical physics. Moreover, the gauge transformation technique adopted in DIRAC builds a deep connection between physics and artificial intelligence. In particular, this opens up a promising avenue for reinforcement learning models to explore in the enormous configuration space, which would be extremely helpful to solve many other hard combinatorial optimization problems.
Light prevents pathogen-induced aqueous microenvironments via potentiation of salicylic acid signaling
Authors: Lajeunesse Gaële , Roussin-Léveillée Charles , Boutin Sophie , Fortin Élodie , Laforest-Lapointe Isabelle , Moffett Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany plant pathogens induce water-soaked lesions in infected tissues. In the case of Pseudomonas syringae (Pst), water-soaking effectors stimulate abscisic acid (ABA) production and signaling, resulting in stomatal closure. This reduces transpiration, increases water accumulation, and induces an apoplastic microenvironment favorable for bacterial growth. Stomata are sensitive to environmental conditions, including light. Here, we show that a period of darkness is required for water-soaking, and that a constant light regime abrogates stomatal closure by Pst. We find that constant light induces resistance to Pst, and that this effect requires salicylic acid (SA). Constant light did not alter effector-induced accumulation of ABA, but induced greater SA production, promoting stomatal opening despite the presence of ABA. Furthermore, application of a SA analog was sufficient to prevent pathogen-induced stomatal closure and water-soaking. Our results suggest potential approaches for interfering with a common virulence strategy, as well as providing a physiological mechanism by which SA functions in defense against pathogens.
BMP-2 functional polypeptides relieve osteolysis via bi-regulating bone formation and resorption coupled with macrophage polarization
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Xue Yuan , Wang Yi , Liu Chang , Hu Sihan , Zhao Huan , Gu Qiaoli , Yang Huilin , Huang Lixin , Zhou Xichao , Shi Qin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteolysis caused by wear debris around the prosthesis is the main reason for aseptic loosening. Extending prosthetic service life is still challenging. In this study, we first synthesized a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) functional polypeptide (BMP2pp), and evaluated the effects of BMP2pp on macrophage polarization and impaired osteogenesis caused by titanium (Ti) particles in vitro. Then, we delineated the impact of BMP2pp on bone formation and resorption in a mouse calvarial bone osteolysis model induced by Ti particles. The results showed that BMP2pp not only alleviated the Ti-induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation in human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) but also prevented Ti-induced M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage differentiation in mice. Conditioned medium from BMP2pp-activated macrophages increased the osteogenesis of hPMSCs. The western blot results indicated a significant decrease in the expression of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) and phospho-NF-κB p65 in bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with BMP2pp. Furthermore, we clarified the protective effect of BMP2pp on bone formation and the reduction in bone resorption coupled with the immunomodulatory properties of calvarial osteolysis in mice. In summary, BMP2pp ameliorated the Ti-mediated impairment in osteogenic potential of hPMSCs, suppressed the M1 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and ameliorated Ti-induced bone osteolysis. Our research suggests that BMP2pp may be a potential option for treating prosthetic loosening induced by wear debris from prostheses.
Validate your white matter tractography algorithms with a reappraised ISMRM 2015 Tractography Challenge scoring system
Authors: Renauld Emmanuelle , Théberge Antoine , Petit Laurent , Houde Jean-Christophe , Descoteaux Maxime 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince 2015, research groups have sought to produce the ne plus ultra of tractography algorithms using the ISMRM 2015 Tractography Challenge as evaluation. In particular, since 2017, machine learning has made its entrance into the tractography world. The ISMRM 2015 Tractography Challenge is the most used phantom during tractography validation, although it contains limitations. Here, we offer a new scoring system for this phantom, where segmentation of the bundles is now based on manually defined regions of interest rather than on bundle recognition. Bundles are now more reliably segmented, offering more representative metrics for future users. New code is available online. Scores of the initial 96 submissions to the challenge are updated. Overall, conclusions from the 2015 challenge are confirmed with the new scoring, but individual tractogram scores have changed, and the data is much improved at the bundle- and streamline-level. This work also led to the production of a ground truth tractogram with less broken or looping streamlines and of an example of processed data, all available on the Tractometer website. This enhanced scoring system and new data should continue helping researchers develop and evaluate the next generation of tractography techniques.
Floating raft culture of Gracilariopsis longissima for optimum biomass yield performance on the coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Sobuj Mohammad Khairul Alam , Mostofa Md. Golam , Islam Zahidul , Rabby Ahmad Fazley , Rahman Turabur , Sonia Saima Sultana , Hasan Shanur Jahedul , Rahman Shafiqur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeaweed cultivation is an eco-friendly method and attracts growing interest which needs a multi-criteria approach for its sustainability. In our present study, an economically significant red alga, Gracilariopsislongissima was cultured using a floating raft method on the coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh for a period of 90 days from January to March 2022. The effects of different factors such as rope materials, culture type, raft shape, seeding intensity, harvesting phase and water depth on the biomass yield production of G.longissima were evaluated during a 90-day culture period. The biomass yield production and daily growth rate (DGR% day−1) were estimated to evaluate the possibilities of G.longissima cultures in a floating raft culture method. The range of biomass yield production (3.03–13.37 kg/m2) and DGR (3.08–4.72% day−1) is satisfactory in the floating raft culture method. Different water quality variables, the seasonal appearance of epiphytic algae and a cost–benefit analysis of seaweed culture were also performed. A total of eight epiphytic algal species were recorded, which resulted in major challenges for the growth of Gracilariopsis. The per month income for a seaweed farmer was estimated to be US$175.17 for 20 rafts. Our research concluded that farming of G.longissima in the floating raft method could be successfully performed from January to March on the coast of Cox’s Bazar.
Biological mechanism of cell oxidative stress and death during short-term exposure to nano CuO
Authors: Moschini Elisa , Colombo Graziano , Chirico Giuseppe , Capitani Giancarlo , Dalle-Donne Isabella , Mantecca Paride 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is well known that copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are heavily toxic on in vitro systems. In human alveolar epithelial cells, the mechanism of toxicity is mostly related to oxidative insults, coming from intracellularly dissolved copper ions, finally leading to apoptotic or autophagic cell death. Our hypothesis is based on possible early oxidative events coming from specific NP surface reactivity able to undermine the cell integrity and to drive cell to death, independently from Lysosomal-Enhanced Trojan Horse mechanism. Two types of CuO NPs, with different oxidative potential, were selected and tested on A549 cells for 1 h and 3 h at 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. Cells were then analyzed for viability and oxidative change of the proteome. Oxidative by-products were localized by immunocytochemistry and cell-NP interactions characterized by confocal and electron microscopy techniques. The results show that CuO NPs induced oxidative changes soon after 1 h exposure as revealed by the increase in protein carbonylation and reduced-protein-thiol oxidation. In parallel, cell viability significantly decreased, as shown by MTT assay. Such effects were higher for CuO NPs with more crystalline defects and with higher ROS production than for fully crystalline NPs. At these exposure times, although NPs efficiently interacted with cell surface and were taken up by small endocytic vesicles, no ion dissolution was visible inside the lysosomal compartment and no effects were produced by extracellularly dissolved copper ions. In conclusion, a specific NP surface-dependent oxidative cell injury was demonstrated. More detailed studies are required to understand which targets precociously react with CuO NPs, but these results introduce new paradigms for the toxicity of the metal-based NPs, beyond the Lysosomal-Enhanced Trojan horse-related mechanism, and open-up new opportunities to investigate the interactions and effects at the bio-interface for designing safer as well as more effective CuO-based biocides.
Seeing inferences: brain dynamics and oculomotor signatures of non-verbal deduction
Authors: Martín-Salguero Ana , Reverberi Carlo , Solari Aldo , Filippin Luca , Pallier Christophe , Bonatti Luca L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe often express our thoughts through words, but thinking goes well beyond language. Here we focus on an elementary but basic thinking process, disjunction elimination, elicited by elementary visual scenes deprived of linguistic content, describing its neural and oculomotor correlates. We track two main components of a nonverbal deductive process: the construction of a logical representation (A or B), and its simplification by deduction (not A, therefore B). We identify the network active in the two phases and show that in the latter, but not in the former, it overlaps with areas known to respond to verbal logical reasoning. Oculomotor markers consistently differentiate logical processing induced by the construction of a representation, its simplification by deductive inference, and its maintenance when inferences cannot be drawn. Our results reveal how integrative logical processes incorporate novel experience in the flow of thoughts induced by visual scenes.
A new blood based epigenetic age predictor for adolescents and young adults
Authors: Aanes Håvard , Bleka Øyvind , Dahlberg Pål Skage , Carm Kristina Totland , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli , Kähönen Mika , Hurme Mikko , Rolseth Veslemøy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildren have special rights for protection compared to adults in our society. However, more than 1/4 of children globally have no documentation of their date of birth. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop biological methods for chronological age prediction, robust to differences in genetics, psychosocial events and physical living conditions. At present, DNA methylation is the most promising biological biomarker applied for age assessment. The human genome contains around 28 million DNA methylation sites, many of which change with age. Several epigenetic clocks accurately predict chronological age using methylation levels at age associated GpG-sites. However, variation in DNA methylation increases with age, and there is no epigenetic clock specifically designed for adolescents and young adults. Here we present a novel age Predictor for Adolescents and Young Adults (PAYA), using 267 CpG methylation sites to assess the chronological age of adolescents and young adults. We compared different preprocessing approaches and investigated the effect on prediction performance of the epigenetic clock. We evaluated performance using an independent validation data set consisting of 18-year-old individuals, where we obtained a median absolute deviation of just below 0.7 years. This tool may be helpful in age assessment of adolescents and young adults. However, there is a need to investigate the robustness of the age predictor across geographical and disease populations as well as environmental effects.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Analysis of the Thomson and
Troian velocity slip for the flow of ternary nanofluid past a stretching
sheet
Authors: Li Shuguang , Puneeth V. , Saeed A. M. , Singhal A. , Al-Yarimi Fuad A. M. , Khan M. Ijaz , Eldin Sayed M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, the flow of ternary nanofluid is analysed past a
stretching sheet subjected to Thomson and Troian slip condition along with the
temperature jump. The ternary nanofluid is formed by suspending three different types of
nanoparticles namely $$\text{TiO}_{2}, \text{Cu}$$

TiO
2

,
Cu

and $$\text{Ag}$$
Ag
into water which acts as a base fluid and leads to the motion of
nanoparticles. The high thermal conductivity and chemical stability of silver was the
main cause for its suspension as the third nanoparticle into the hybrid nanofluid
$$\text{Cu-TiO}_{2}/\text{H}_{2} \text{O}$$

Cu-TiO
2

/

H
2

O

. Thus, forming the ternary nanofluid $$\text{Ag-Cu-TiO}_{2}/\text{H}_{2} \text{O}$$

Ag-Cu-TiO
2

/

H
2

O

. The sheet is assumed to be vertically stretching where the
gravitational force will have its impact in the form of free convection. Furthermore,
the presence of radiation and heat source/sink is assumed so that the energy equation
thus formed will be similar to most of the real life applications. The assumption
mentioned here leads to the mathematical model framed using partial differential
equations (PDE) which are further transformed to ordinary differential equations (ODE)
using suitable similarity transformations. Thus, obtained system of equations is solved
by incorporating the RKF-45 numerical technique. The results indicated that the increase
in the suspension of silver nanoparticles enhanced the temperature and due to density,
the velocity of the flow is reduced. The slip in the velocity decreased the flow speed
while the temperature of the nanofluid was observed to be increasing.
A case control study on the relationship between occupational stress and genetic polymorphism and dyslipidemia in coal miners
Authors: Yang Yongzhong , Zheng Ziwei , Chen Yuanyu , Wang Xuelin , Wang Hui , Si Zhikang , Meng Rui , Wu Jianhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDyslipidemia is one of the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. At present, the study of dyslipidemia has gradually shifted from simple environmental or genetic factors to environment-gene interactions. In order to further explore the etiology and mechanism of dyslipidemia, we used occupational stress(OS) and LYPLAL1, APOC3 and SOD2 gene as research variables to explore their association with dyslipidemia.Here we used a case-control study to include Han workers from a coal mining enterprise in China to determine the association between study variables and dyslipidemia. Monofactor analysis showed that smoking, drinking, physical activity level, DASH diet score, sleep quality, BMI, hypertension, hyperuricemia, shift work, OS were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the APOC3 rs2854116 dominant model, patients with CT/CC genotype had a higher risk of dyslipidemia than those with TT genotype. In SOD2 rs4880 recessive model, patients with GG genotype had a lower risk of dyslipidemia than those with AA/AG genotype, and the difference was statistically significant. We found that rs12137855 and OS, rs2854116 and OS, rs4880 and OS had joint effects, but no interaction based on the multiplication and addition model was found (Pinteraction > 0.05). GMDR model showed that the rs12137855-rs2854116-rs4880-OS four-factor model had the highest cross-validation consistency and training-validation accuracy (P < 0.05), suggesting that there was a high-order interaction between them associated with dyslipidemia. We found that dyslipidemia in coal miners was related to OS and genetic factors. Through this study, we revealed the dual regulation of environmental factors and genetic factors on dyslipidemia. At the same time, this study provides clues for understanding the etiology and mechanism of dyslipidemia.
Phenanthroimidazole as molecularly engineered switch for efficient and highly long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cell
Authors: Nemati Bideh Babak , Moghadam Majid , Sousaraei Ahmad , Shahpoori Arani Behnoosh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLight-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on Ir(III) complexes owing to the superior advantages exhibit high potential for display and lighting applications. Herein, a series of Ir(III) complexes based on phenanthroimidazole (PI) as an ancillary ligand were synthesized to achieve efficient and highly stable yellow-to-orange LEC devices with fast response. These complexes exhibit appropriate electrochemical stability and significant suppression of concentration quenching in the thin films compared to the archetype complex. The fabricated LECs showed remarkably long device lifetimes over 1400 and 2100 h and external quantum efficiency of 2 and 3% for yellow and orange-LECs, respectively. The obtained t1/2 for yellow LEC is much higher than archetype [Ir(ppy)2(phen)]+ and their phenanthroline-based analogues reported so far. The incorporation of an ionic tethered functional group on PI, improved the mobility of the emissive layer and reduced the device turn-on time by 75–88%. This study shows a facile functionalization and characterization of the PI ligand as well as its potential application in optoelectronic devices (OLED).
A complex genomic architecture underlies reproductive isolation in a North American oriole hybrid zone
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Billerman Shawn M. , Butcher Bronwyn G. , Rohwer Vanya G. , Toews David P. L. , Vila-Coury Vicens , Lovette Irby J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural hybrid zones provide powerful opportunities for identifying the mechanisms that facilitate and inhibit speciation. Documenting the extent of genomic admixture allows us to discern the architecture of reproductive isolation through the identification of isolating barriers. This approach is particularly powerful for characterizing the accumulation of isolating barriers in systems exhibiting varying levels of genomic divergence. Here, we use a hybrid zone between two species—the Baltimore (Icterus galbula) and Bullock’s (I. bullockii) orioles—to investigate this architecture of reproductive isolation. We combine whole genome re-sequencing with data from an additional 313 individuals amplityped at ancestry-informative markers to characterize fine-scale patterns of admixture, and to quantify links between genes and the plumage traits. On a genome-wide scale, we document several putative barriers to reproduction, including elevated peaks of divergence above a generally high genomic baseline, a large putative inversion on the Z chromosome, and complex interactions between melanogenesis-pathway candidate genes. Concordant and coincident clines for these different genomic regions further suggest the coupling of pre- and post-mating barriers. Our findings of complex and coupled interactions between pre- and post-mating barriers suggest a relatively rapid accumulation of barriers between these species, and they demonstrate the complexities of the speciation process.