bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Donor-Derived Infection and Hyperammonemia Syndrome in 4 Solid Organ Transplant Recipients From a Single Donor
Authors: Wigston Charlotte , Lavender Melanie , Long Rebecca , Sankhesara Dipen , Ching David , Weaire-Buchanan Graham , Mowlaboccus Shakeel , Coombs Geoffrey W , Lam Kaitlyn , Wrobel Jeremy , Yaw Meow Cheong , Musk Michael , Boan Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a life-threatening condition occurring in solid organ transplant patients, affecting primarily lung recipients, and is associated with Mycoplasma hominis and/or Ureaplasma spp infection. The organ donor was a young man who died of hypoxic brain injury and had urethral discharge antemortem. The donor and 4 solid organ transplant recipients had infection with M hominis and/or Ureaplasma spp. The lung and heart recipients both developed altered conscious state and HS associated with M hominis and Ureaplasma spp infections. Despite treatment with antibiotics and ammonia scavengers, both the lung and heart recipients died at day +102 and day +254, respectively. After diagnosis in the thoracic recipients, screening samples from the liver recipient and 1 kidney recipient were culture positive for M hominis with or without Ureaplasma spp. Neither the liver nor kidney recipients developed HS. Our case series demonstrates the unique finding of M hominis and Ureaplasma spp dissemination from an immunocompetent donor across 4 different organ recipients. Phylogenetic whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that M hominis samples from recipients and donor were closely related, suggesting donor-derived infection. Screening of lung donors and/or recipients for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp is recommended, as well as prompt treatment with antimicrobials to prevent morbidity.
Choice of Law Meets Private Law Theory
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Peari Sagi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Choice of law can, and often should, be an important feature of an autonomy-enhancing law as it expands the possible frameworks within which people can govern their affairs. The theory of choice of law we develop in this article builds on three core notions that dominate existing doctrine: states, party autonomy and what we loosely refer to as ‘limitations’; but it releases choice of law from its subordination to private international law (or its interstate equivalent in federal contexts). As a free-standing concept, choice of law belongs to private law’s empowering sections and thus participates in the obligation of liberal states to proactively promote people’s self-determination. This foundation of the field refines its three fundamental notions in a way that facilitates their peaceable cohabitation. It also recalibrates the boundaries of choice-of-law doctrine, clarifies its prescriptions and offers grounds for its reform.
Exoduster Entrepreneurs: Distinctiveness and Segregation in Minority Communities
Authors: Ruef Martin , Beezer Ihsan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study examines the creation of Black communities in the context of the Exoduster movement, the first major migration of African Americans out of the southern and border states. We focus initially on Nicodemus, Kansas, a site with well-preserved archival information, and then turn to census microdata on roughly three-hundred African-American communities that emerged in Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma between 1880 and 1920. Analysis of these communities informs a general model of minority-majority group relations that is differentiated along two dimensions: spatial segregation and the distinctiveness of business activities. Under conditions of prejudice from the majority ethno-racial group, the model predicts that rates of minority business proprietorship and community growth will increase with segregation and distinctiveness, but that the joint occurrence of these conditions presents an existential threat. We draw conclusions for the trajectories of several well-known Black communities, including Nicodemus, Tulsa, and Langston, Oklahoma.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Combined With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Protect Ischemic Myocardium by Regulating miR-20a-5p/E2F1/p73 Signaling
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Li , Wang Lu , Pei Gaiqin , Cheng Hongxin , Zhang Qing , Wang Shiqi , Hu Danrong , He Yong , He Chengqi , Fu Chenying , Wei Quan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious threat to human health. Although monotherapy with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) or adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has been reported to have positive effect on the treatment of MI, a satisfactory outcome has not yet been achieved. In recent years, combination therapy has attracted widespread interest. Herein, we explored the synergistic therapeutic effect of combination therapy with PEMFs and ADSCs on MI and found that the combination of PEMFs and ADSCs effectively reduced infarct size, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protected the cardiac function in mice with MI. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the combination therapy could affect apoptosis by regulating the expression of miR-20a-5p. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay also confirmed that the miR-20a-5p could target E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the E2F1/p73 signaling pathway. Therefore, our study systematically demonstrated the effectiveness of combination therapy on the inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the miR-20a-5p/E2F1/p73 signaling pathway in mice with MI. Thus, our study underscored the effectiveness of the combination of PEMFs and ADSCs and identified miR-20a-5p as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of MI in the future.
Impact of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes for patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective comparison of Eastern and Western cohorts
Authors: Beumer Berend R. , Takagi Kosei , Buettner Stefan , Umeda Yuzo , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , van Vugt Jeroen L.A. , IJzermans Jan N.M. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Patient fitness is important for guiding treatment. Muscle mass, as a reflection thereof, can be objectively measured. However, the role of East–West differences remains unclear. Therefore, we compared the impact of muscle mass on clinical outcomes after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Dutch [the Netherlands (NL)] and Japanese [Japan (JP)] setting and evaluated the predictive performance of different cutoff values for sarcopenia.

Method:
In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, patients with HCC undergoing liver resection were included. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was determined on computed tomography scans obtained within 3 months before surgery. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcome measures were: 90-day mortality, severe complications, length of stay, and recurrence-free survival. The predictive performance of several sarcopenia cutoff values was studied using the concordance index (C-index) and area under the curve. Interaction terms were used to study the geographic effect modification of muscle mass.

Results:
Demographics differed between NL and JP. Gender, age, and body mass index were associated with SMI. Significant effect modification between NL and JP was found for BMI. The predictive performance of sarcopenia for both short-term and long-term outcomes was higher in JP compared to NL (maximum C-index: 0.58 vs. 0.55, respectively). However, differences between cutoff values were small. For the association between sarcopenia and OS, a strong association was found in JP [hazard ratio (HR) 2.00, 95% CI [1.230–3.08], P=0.002], where this was not found in NL (0.76 [0.42–1.36], P=0.351). The interaction term confirmed that this difference was significant (HR 0.37, 95% CI [0.19–0.73], P=0.005).

Conclusions:
The impact of sarcopenia on survival differs between the East and West. Clinical trials and treatment guidelines using sarcopenia for risk stratification should be validated in race-dependent populations prior to clinical adoption.
A comparison of the national surgical quality improvement program and the society of thoracic surgery cardiac surgery preoperative risk models: A cohort study
Authors: Dyas Adam R. , Bronsert Michael R. , Henderson William G. , Stuart Christina M. , Pradhan Nisha , Colborn Kathryn L. , Cleveland Joseph C. , Meguid Robert A. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Cardiac surgery prediction models and outcomes from the ACS-NSQIP have not been reported. We sought to develop preoperative prediction models and estimates of postoperative outcomes for cardiac surgery using the ACS-NSQIP and compare these to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (STS-ACSD).

Methods:
In a retrospective analysis of the ACS-NSQIP data (2007-2018), cardiac operations were identified using cardiac surgeon primary specialty and sorted into cohorts of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) only, valve surgery only, and valve+CABG operations using CPT codes. Prediction models were created using backward selection of the 28 nonlaboratory preoperative variables in ACS-NSQIP. Rates of 9 postoperative outcomes and performance statistics of these models were compared to published STS 2018 data.

Results:
Of 28,912 cardiac surgery patients, 18,139 (62.8%) were CABG only, 7,872 (27.2%) were valve only, and 2,901 (10.0%) were valve+CABG. Most outcome rates were similar between the ACS-NSQIP and STS-ACSD, except for lower rates of prolonged ventilation and composite morbidity and higher reoperation rates in ACS-NSQIP (all P<0.0001). For all 27 comparisons (9 outcomes x 3 operation groups), the c-indices for the ACS-NSQIP models were lower by an average of ~0.05 than the reported STS models.

Conclusions:
The ACS-NSQIP preoperative risk models for cardiac surgery were almost as accurate as the STS-ACSD models. Slight differences in c-indexes could be due to more predictor variables in STS-ACSD models or the use of more disease- and operation-specific risk variables in the STS-ACSD models.
Quantification of vessel separation using the carotid-jugular angle to predict the nerve origin of neck peripheral nerve sheath tumours: a pooled analysis of cases from the literature and a single-center cohort
Authors: Wong Chia-En , Huang Chi-Chen , Chuang Ming-Tsung , Lee Po-Hsuan , Chen Liang-Yi , Hsu Hao-Hsiang , Huang Chih-Yuan , Wang Liang-Chao , Lee Jung-Shun 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Postoperative nerve palsy is a major complication following resection of neck peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs). Accurate preoperative identification of the nerve origin (NO) can improve surgical outcomes and patient counselling.

Material and methods:
This study was a retrospective cohort and quantitative analysis of the literature. The authors introduced a parameter, the carotid-jugular angle (CJA), to differentiate the NO. A literature review of neck PNST cases from 2010 to 2022 was conducted. The CJA was measured from eligible imaging data, and quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of the CJA to predict the NO. External validation was performed using a single-centre cohort from 2008 to 2021.

Results:
In total, 17 patients from our single-centre cohort and 88 patients from the literature were analyzed. Among them, 53, 45, and 7 patients had sympathetic, vagus, and cervical nerve PNSTs, respectively. Vagus nerve tumours had the largest CJA, followed by sympathetic tumours, whereas cervical nerve tumours had the smallest CJA (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified a larger CJA as a predictor of vagus NO (P<0.001), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907 (0.831–0.951) for the CJA to predict vagus NO (P<0.001). External validation showed an AUC of 0.928 (0.727–0.988) (P<0.001). Compared with the AUC of the previously proposed qualitative method (AUC=0.764, 0.673–0.839), that of the CJA was greater (P=0.011). The cut-off value identified to predict vagus NO was greater than or equal to 100°. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an AUC of 0.909 (0.837–0.956) for the CJA to predict cervical NO (P<0.001), with a cut-off value less than 38.5°.

Conclusions:
A CJA greater than or equal to 100° predicted a vagus NO and a CJA less than 100° predicted a non-vagus NO. Moreover, a CJA less than 38.5 was associated with an increased likelihood of cervical NO.
Global variations in pubertal growth spurts in adolescents living with perinatal HIV
Authors: Crichton Siobhan , Jesson Julie , Aké-Assi Marie-Hélène , Belfrage Eric , Davies Mary-Ann , Pinto Jorge , Teasdale Chloe , Van Lam Nguyen , Vreeman Rachel , Paul Mary , Williams Paige , Yotebieng Marcel , Leroy Valériane , Goodall Ruth 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To describe pubertal growth spurts among adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV (ALWPHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design:
Observational data collected from 1994–2015 in the CIPHER global cohort collaboration.

Methods:

ALWPHIV who initiated ART age <10 years with ≥4 height measurements age ≥8 were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models, with parameters representing timing and intensity of the growth spurt, were used to describe growth, separately by sex. Associations between region, ART regimen, age, height-for-age (HAZ), and BMI-for-age z-scores (BMIz) at ART initiation (baseline) and age 10 years and SITAR parameters were explored.

Results:
4,723 ALWPHIV were included: 51% from East and Southern Africa (excluding Botswana and South Africa), 17% Botswana and South Africa, 6% West and Central Africa, 11% Europe and North America, 11% Asia-Pacific, and 4% Central, South America, and Caribbean. Growth spurts were later and least intense in sub-Saharan regions. In females, older baseline age and lower BMIz at baseline were associated with later and more intense growth spurts; lower HAZ was associated with later growth spurts. In males, older baseline age and lower HAZ were associated with later and less intense growth spurts; however, associations between baseline HAZ and timing varied by age. Lower HAZ and BMIz at 10 years were associated with later and less intense growth spurts in both sexes.

Conclusions:
ALWPHIV who started ART at older ages or already stunted were more likely to have delayed pubertal growth spurts. Longer-term follow-up is important to understand the impact of delayed growth.
Pan-transcriptome reveals a large accessory genome contribution to gene expression variation in yeast
Authors: Caudal E. , Loegler Victor , Dutreux F. , Vakirlis N. , Teyssonnière E. , Caradec C. , Friedrich A. , Hou J. , Schacherer J. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryGene expression is an essential step in the translation of genotypes into phenotypes. However, little is known about the transcriptome architecture and the underlying genetic effects at a species-level. Here, we generated and analyzed the pan-transcriptome of ∼1,000 yeast natural isolates across 4,977 core and 1,468 accessory genes. We found that the accessory genome is an underappreciated driver of the transcriptome divergence. Global gene expression patterns combined with population structure show that the heritable expression variation mainly lies within subpopulation-specific signatures, for which the accessory genes are overrepresented. Genome-wide association analyses consistently highlight that the accessory genes are associated with proportionally more variants with larger effect sizes, illustrating the critical role of the accessory genome on the transcriptional landscape within and between populations.
Learning context shapes bimanual control strategy and generalization of novel dynamics
Authors: Orschiedt Jonathan , Franklin David W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBimanual movements are fundamental components of everyday actions, yet the underlying mechanisms coordinating adaptation of the two hands remains unclear. Although previous studies highlighted the contextual effect of kinematics of both arms on internal model formation, we do not know how the sensorimotor control system associates the learned memory with the experienced states in bimanual movements. More specifically, can, and if so, how, does the sensorimotor control system combine multiple states from different effectors to create and adapt a motor memory? Here, we tested motor memory formation in two groups with a novel paradigm requiring the encoding of the kinematics of the right hand to produce the appropriate predictive force on the left hand. While one group was provided with training movements in which this association was evident, the other group was trained on conditions in which this association was ambiguous. After adaptation, we tested the encoding of the learned motor memory by measuring the generalization to new movement combinations. While both groups adapted to the novel dynamics, the evident group showed a weighted encoding of the learned motor memory based on movements of the other (right) hand, whereas the ambiguous group exhibited mainly same (left) hand encoding in bimanual trials. Despite these differences, both groups demonstrated partial generalization to unimanual movements of the left hand. Our results show that motor memories can be encoded depending on the motion of other limbs, but that the training conditions strongly shape the encoding of the motor memory formation and determine the generalization to novel contexts.Author summaryUsing cutlery, buttoning up a shirt or cooking a meal requires precise coordination between two hands. These daily activities seem effortless, as they are based on well-adapted motor memories covering a wide space of experienced states. We demonstrate that the sensorimotor control system creates a motor memory of one limb using the experienced states of the other limb. Presentation of evident or ambiguous information about this relation between the two limbs shaped the bimanual control by changing the extent to which kinematic information of each arm which was used to control subsequent movements. Importantly, bimanual motor memories are only partially transferred to unimanual actions, likely engaging different neural processes. This has strong implications for rehabilitation techniques that employ bimanual training.
Specific patterns of neural activity in the hippocampus after massed or distributed spatial training
Authors: Centofante Eleonora , Fralleoni Luca , Lupascu Carmen A. , Migliore Michele , Rinaldi Arianna , Mele Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTraining with long inter-session intervals, termeddistributed training, has long been known to be superior to training with short intervals, termedmassed training. In the present study we compared c-Fos expression after massed and distributed training protocols in the Morris water maze to outline possible differences in the learning-induced pattern of neural activation in the dorsalCA1 in the two training conditions.The results demonstrate that training and time lags between learning opportunities had an impact on the pattern of neuronal activity in the dorsalCA1. Mice trained with the distributed protocol showed sustained neuronal activity in the postero-septal component of the dorsalCA1. In parallel, in trained mice we found more active cells that tended to constitute spatially restricted clusters, whose degree increased with the increase in the time lags between learning trials. Moreover, activated cell assemblies demonstrated increased stability in their spatial organization after distributed as compared to massed training or control condition. Finally, using a machine learning algorithm we found that differences in the number of c-Fos positive cells and their location in the dorsalCA1 could be predictive of the training protocol used. These results suggest that the topographic organization and the spatial location of learning activated cell assemblies might be critical to promote the increased stability of the memory trace induced by distributed training.
Heavy Metal Pollution From a Major Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile Is Associated With Geographic Divergence of Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Latin America
Authors: Martínez Jose RW , Alcalde-Rico Manuel , Jara-Videla Estefanía , Rios Rafael , Moustafa Ahmed M. , Hanson Blake , Rivas Lina , Carvajal Lina P. , Rincon Sandra , Diaz Lorena , Reyes Jinnethe , Quesille-Villalobos Ana , Riquelme-Neira Roberto , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Olivares-Pacheco Jorge , García Patricia , Araos Rafael , Planet Paul J. , Arias César A. , Munita Jose M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a priority pathogen listed by the World Health Organization. The global spread of MRSA is characterized by successive waves of epidemic clones that predominate in specific geographical regions. The acquisition of genes encoding resistance to heavy-metals is thought to be a key feature in the divergence and geographical spread of MRSA. Increasing evidence suggests that extreme natural events, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, could release heavy-metals into the environment. However, the impact of environmental exposition to heavy-metals on the divergence and spread of MRSA clones has been insufficiently explored. We assess the association between a major earthquake and tsunami in an industrialized port in southern Chile and MRSA clone divergence in Latin America. We performed a phylogenomic reconstruction of 113 MRSA clinical isolates from seven Latin American healthcare centers, including 25 isolates collected in a geographic area affected by an earthquake and tsunami that led to high levels of heavy-metal environmental contamination. We found a divergence event strongly associated with the presence of a plasmid harboring heavy-metal resistance genes in the isolates obtained in the area where the earthquake and tsunami occurred. Moreover, clinical isolates carrying this plasmid showed increased tolerance to mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. We also observed a physiological burden in the plasmid-carrying isolates in absence of heavy-metals. Our results are the first evidence that suggests that heavy-metal contamination, in the aftermath of an environmental disaster, appears to be a key evolutionary event for the spread and dissemination of MRSA in Latin America.