bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher-student collaborated multiple instance learning for pan-cancer PDL1 expression prediction from histopathology slides
Authors: Jin Darui , Liang Shangying , Shmatko Artem , Arnold Alexander , Horst David , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Gerstung Moritz , Bai Xiangzhi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), as an important biomarker, is quantified by immunohistochemistry with few established histopathological patterns. Deep learning aids in histopathological assessment, yet heterogeneity and lacking spatially resolved annotations challenge precise analysis. Here, we present a weakly supervised learning approach using bulk RNA sequencing for PDL1 expression prediction from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. Our methods, MILTS, extends multiple instance learning paradigm with the teacher-student framework, which assigns dynamic pseudo-labels for intra-slide heterogeneity and retrieves unlabeled instances using temporal ensemble model distillation. The approach, evaluated on 12,299 slides across 20 solid tumor types, achieves a weighted average AUC of 0.83 on fresh-frozen and 0.74 on formalin-fixed specimens for 9 tumors with PDL1 as an established biomarker. MILTS predicts PDL1 expression patterns, validated by immunohistochemistry on 20 slides, offering insights into histologies relevant to PDL1. This demonstrates the potential of deep learning in identifying diverse histological patterns for molecular changes from H&E images.
Heparan sulfate promotes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Luo Yin , Hao Huanmeng , Wang Zhangjie , Ong Chihyean , Dutcher Robert , Xu Yongmei , Liu Jian , Pedersen Lars C. , Xu Ding 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis through TRAIL receptors. While it has been previously pursued as a potential anti-tumor therapy, the enthusiasm subsided due to unsuccessful clinical trials and the fact that many tumors are resistant to TRAIL. In this report we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL binds HS with high affinity (KD= 73 nM) and HS induces TRAIL to form higher-order oligomers. The HS-binding site of TRAIL is located at the N-terminus of soluble TRAIL, which includes three basic residues. Binding to cell surface HS plays an essential role in promoting the apoptotic activity of TRAIL in both breast cancer and myeloma cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by heparin, which is commonly administered to cancer patients. We also quantified HS content in several lines of myeloma cells and found that the cell line showing the most resistance to TRAIL has the least expression of HS, which suggests that HS expression in tumor cells could play a role in regulating sensitivity towards TRAIL. We also discovered that death receptor 5 (DR5), TRAIL and HS can form a ternary complex and that cell surface HS plays an active role in promoting TRAIL-induced cellular internalization of DR5. Combined, our study suggests that TRAIL-HS interactions could play multiple roles in regulating the apoptotic potency of TRAIL and might be an important point of consideration when designing future TRAIL-based anti-tumor therapy.
Surviving limbo: critical career capital aspects for entrepreneur immigrants in an extreme context
Authors: Arman Gamze 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe present study explored the adjustment (i.e. survival vs stay) of a unique group of Turkish entrepreneur immigrants in the United Kingdom, whose initial experiences upon their move were disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020.Design/methodology/approachTen semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore this immigrant group's experience on the path to potential immigration success or failure as indicators of adjustment. The content of the interviews was analyzed via theoretical thematic analysis.FindingsKey career capital aspects hindering entrepreneurial effort under the unique conditions of Covid-19 were defined as not knowing how to start a business (in general, in the host country and under extreme conditions), why they should persist to stay, and whom to contact in the host country. Key facilitating career capital aspects were defined as knowing how to revise the business plans when needed and knowing why they left the home country, preferred the host country and should persist to stay there. Each unique aspect was mapped onto specific components of the context (home country, host country and profession) to add depth to the analyses.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature primarily by integrating career capital framework with different elements of the context. It also represents the first effort to adopt the framework to identify the critical career capital aspects of entrepreneur immigrants.
Housing market shifts favouring transit-oriented development in emerging economies: the link between metro rails and housing price dynamics in Delhi
Authors: Agnihotri Vivek , Paul Saikat Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the spatiotemporal influence of metro rail connectivity on housing prices in surrounding areas. The study assesses the average annual price shift for apartments around metro stations in Delhi during the previous decade, specifically from 2010 to 2019. The authors examine the spatiotemporal extents to which housing prices are determined by the prominence of metro stations and spatial development around metro stations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors perform the cross-tabulation analysis to calculate chi-square values to test the hypotheses concerning the responsiveness of the housing market in Delhi to the number of locational variables in the areas connected with the mass public transportation system.

Findings
The empirical findings verify the existence of a housing market overvaluation in Delhi around metro stations until 2013, which was eventually re-adjusted after 2014. The key findings of the study suggest the role of location variables concerning metro rails in the shooting up of the housing prices in the city. In addition, the research establishes the association of annual housing price shifts to the metro rails in the short-term, mid-term and long-term in conjunction with the distance from the metro station.

Originality/value
In the market, the prices are often overvalued by real estate agents due to better connectivity to the metro stations. The overvaluation eventually causes massive downfalls in housing markets and rollouts as a risk for the investors. However, the effect of mass transportation on housing prices is mixed in nature, limited to a certain extent only and not as influential as frequently portrayed by the market forces. This effect loses colour with time.
Board characteristics and ESG disclosure in energy industry: evidence from emerging economies
Authors: Nuhu Yusuf , Alam Ashraful 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of board characteristics on environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure in the energy industry of emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt the Bloomberg ESG rating to measure the extent of ESG disclosure using a sample of 1,260 observations from BRICS emerging economies. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate the effect of board characteristics on ESG disclosures of a sample Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) listed companies between 2010 and 2019.

Findings
The authors find a relatively low (at 37%) level of ESG disclosure among the sampled firms and a relatively high degree of variability. The authors also find that board gender diversity, board composition and board diligence are positively related to the level of ESG disclosure while the study documents no relationship between board size and ESG disclosure.

Practical implications
The study’s findings highlight the importance of corporate board attributes in influencing strategic decisions such as the level of ESG disclosure and the findings may be useful to regulators, policymakers and investors in making informed investment decisions.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts at examining the impact of board characteristics on ESG disclosure in the energy industry in emerging economies. The paper provides new evidence on the relationship between board characteristics (BC) and ESG disclosure in the energy industry of emerging BRICS countries within a panel multi-country research setting.
Forest disturbances increase the body mass of two contrasting ungulates
Authors: Reiner Rudolf , Seidl Rupert , Seibold Sebastian , Senf Cornelius 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

As climate change intensifies and demand for timber rises, forest disturbances are increasing. Disturbances in forests cause an abrupt loss in canopy cover and increase resource availability on the ground, which can have manifold effects on the habitat quality of forest‐dwelling species. One pathway through which disturbances influence habitat quality is by creating edges within forests. Disturbance‐created edges differ from edges to other land cover types in that they are transient, that is, they persist only for a limited period of time until canopy closes again. While the effects of permanent edges are well‐studied in ecology, the role of transient edges remains largely unclear.

Here, we investigated whether edges caused by forest disturbances affect the individual fitness of two contrasting ungulates by examining the body mass of 378,602 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra) yearlings collected between 1992 and 2019 in the Eastern Alps.

Transient edges had a significant positive effect on the body mass of both species. The effect size was larger for chamois than for roe deer, with yearling body mass increasing by up to 0.18 kg in female chamois for each 10 m ha−1 increase in edge density. Elevation modulated the effect of edges on chamois body mass, with a weaker effect of transient edges in high‐elevation forests that are naturally more open. The effect duration of transient edges was longer for roe deer than for chamois, lasting for up to 9 years post‐disturbance.

The body mass effect of transient edges created by forest disturbances was an order of magnitude stronger than the effect of permanent edges between forests and other land cover types.

Synthesis and applications: Increasing forest disturbances under climate change could improve the fitness of ungulates, potentially affecting forest recovery through browsing. Managers and hunting authorities should consider the effect of disturbances and dynamically changing carrying capacity of forest landscapes more explicitly when making decisions regarding habitat management and hunting policies. Such a dynamic perspective is an important element in balancing vital ungulate populations and healthy forest ecosystems.
Continuous remobilization from below‐ground provides more than half of all carbon and nitrogen in regrowing shoots after grassland defoliation
Authors: Yang Jinfeng , Lu Jiayu , Liu Mingqi , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Remobilization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from roots and crowns to regrowing shoots is an important strategy for grassland plants to tolerate herbivory. While this remobilization is thought to terminate once plants have the capacity to photosynthesize again and to take up N from the soil, this has rarely been quantified.

Here we investigated the remobilization of C and N to regrowing shoots of a perennial grassland under two defoliation frequencies (every 15 and 30 days) and two N fertilization levels (0 and 2.8 g m−2) by growing intact plant–soil cores for 60 days in a growth chamber. We measured the C remobilization from roots and crowns to regrowing shoots using a novel continuous 13C labelling method, and quantified the N remobilization to regrowing shoots and plant N uptake from soil with a 15N tracer method.

Regrowing shoots relied strongly on below‐ground C reserves, where up to 52% of C in regrowing shoots came from below‐ground during the first 30 days after defoliation. Below‐ground C was still remobilized when plant shoots had fully regrown and retained full capacity to photosynthesize. Plants relied more on C remobilization with shorter times between defoliation events at the expense of root biomass, particularly without N fertilization. Large amounts of C remobilization were accompanied by large amounts of N remobilization (up to 89% of total shoot N) that were positively related, suggesting a coupled C and N transfer from roots and crowns to shoots.

Synthesis. The unexpectedly high dependency on C and N remobilization occurred continuously after defoliation and did not terminate once plants were fully regrown. Our results indicate that remobilization of C and N from below‐ground has profound effects on long‐term productivity and C sequestration that needs to be considered for managing similar grasslands worldwide.
Editorial: The use of Baveno VI and VII criteria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Moctezuma‐Velazquez Carlos , Abraldes Juan G. 
Published: July 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Allaire et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17599 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17648
Editorial: Recognising the regional variations in profile of irritable bowel syndrome—better late than never! Authors' reply
Authors: Chuah Kee‐Huat , Black Christopher J. , Tee Vincent , Lim Sze‐Zee , Hian Wen‐Xuan , Sahran Nur‐Fazimah , Lee Yeong‐Yeh , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: July 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Chuah et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17567 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17620
Surgeons' response to reimbursement changes for alternative procedures: Evidence from spine fusion in the U.S.
Authors: Benson Nicholas , Lopez Jose Joaquin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpinal fusion is the highest operating room expense in the U.S. and the performed procedure depends largely on surgeon preference. We use national claims data for 2010–2014 to study changes in the relative frequency of substitutable spinal fusion procedures, following a one‐time cut in Medicare reimbursement fees that switched the ranking of the two procedures with the highest surgical fees. Relative to lower‐fee alternatives with better clinical outcomes, patients were 6.3% more likely to receive the highest‐fee procedure after the policy change. We find no evidence of cost savings following the reimbursement change.
Talk is cheap: Direct evidence of conservation‐based changes in angler behavior
Authors: Gibson Banks Kesley , Streich Matthew K. , Drymon J. Marcus , Scyphers Steven B. , Mohan John A. , Wells R. J. David , Binstock Addie L. , Richards Travis M. , White Connor F. , Whitney Nicholas M. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPost‐release mortality threatens shark populations already imperiled by overfishing, capture stress, and a changing climate. Few studies have quantified post‐release mortality for sharks captured in land‐based recreational fisheries. From 2018 to 2021, a land‐based shark post‐release mortality study was conducted and identified water temperature and species‐specific behavior as contributing factors to post‐release mortality. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of disseminating the recommendation for best practices to recreational shark anglers and to determine if this information influenced angler behavior. Awareness of our post‐release mortality study influenced an angler's likely release behavior, with an increase in sharks landed in the water and corresponding decrease of sharks landed on dry sand. This study demonstrated direct evidence of conservation‐based changes in angler behavior following effective research communication and involvement of anglers in research. Outreach and engagement initiatives aimed at providing best handling practices to recreational anglers should be easily digestible, widely available, and an important component of future research.
Benefits, concerns, and solutions of fishing for tunas with drifting fish aggregation devices
Authors: Pons Maite , Kaplan David , Moreno Gala , Escalle Lauriane , Abascal Francisco , Hall Martin , Restrepo Victor , Hilborn Ray 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) are human‐made floating objects widely used by tropical tuna purse seine (PS) fisheries to increase catch of target species. However, dFAD use has several negative impacts, including increased potential for overfishing, higher juvenile tuna catch, higher bycatch compared to other PS fishing modes, ghost‐fishing, and generation of marine litter. Based on these impacts, some stakeholders, especially environmental non‐governmental organizations and other competing fishing industries, suggest that dFADs should be completely banned. We list the pros and cons of dFAD fishing; address how to improve current management; and suggest solutions for the sustainability of dFAD fishing in the long term. A dFAD ban would lead to major changes in the availability and sourcing of tuna for human consumption and decrease the licensing revenue received by many developing states. Most importantly, we argue that tools exist today to manage for, reduce or eliminate most of the negative impacts of dFADs (e.g., bans on discards, limits on active dFADs, biodegradable non‐entangling constructions, time‐area deployment closures, recovery programs, and full data transparency, among others). Management decisions based on sound scientific reasoning are needed to address the legitimate concerns surrounding dFAD use and ensure the sustainability of both pelagic and coastal ecosystems and tropical tuna PS fisheries.
Coparenting relationship, parenting self‐efficacy, and child adjustment in Chinese mother–grandmother coparenting families: Grandmother role difference
Authors: He Ting , Wu Dazhou , Jiang Yongqiang , Tang Yingying , Zhou Qing , Wu Qinglu , Lin Xiuyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study tested the grandmother role difference hypothesis (GRDH) in Chinese three‐generation families by investigating the effects of mothers' and grandmothers' perceptions of the coparenting relationship on child adjustment and the potential mediating effect of parenting self‐efficacy.BackgroundMother–grandmother coparenting has become the prevalent parenting mode in urban China, yet previous studies have failed to recognize the differences between the grandmothers by lineage. By reviewing biological theories and sociological contexts, this study proposed the GRDH. The hypothesis posited that in addition to maternal grandmother's benefits on grandchildren over paternal grandmother due to biological drives, maternal and paternal grandmothers exert their effect on child outcomes disparately by developing different relationships with the mother in coparenting.MethodIn total, 409 mother–grandmother coparenting families were recruited. Two identical structural equation models were examined separately for maternal and paternal grandmother groups.ResultsThe results of multigroup analysis showed a stronger direct effect by maternal grandmother's perception of coparenting relationship than paternal grandmother on child social competence. The relation between maternal parenting self‐efficacy and child social competence was stronger in households with paternal grandmothers. Furthermore, the mothers' evaluation of the coparenting relationship had a significant spillover effect on the paternal grandmother's parenting self‐efficacy only. The findings also showed the exclusive mediating effect of maternal parenting self‐efficacy linking the mother's perception of the coparenting relationship to child problem behavior in the mother–paternal grandmother group only.Conclusion and implicationsThe results overall validated the GRDH while providing further contextual information on the roles of mothers and grandmothers in different types of coparenting families.
Not separate, but certainly unequal: The burdens and coping strategies of low‐status street‐level bureaucrats
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Krieger Morgana G. Martins , Cohen Nissim , Kirschbaum Charles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe literature has usually regarded street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) as relatively privileged bureaucrats, neglecting an important sub‐group of these civil servants: low‐status SLBs. Even though they may be members of a team with other SLBs who have more status, they may suffer from intraorganizational inequality, meaning unequal access to resources and the requirement that they perform informal tasks associated with their unequal position in the organization. We examine the unique challenges low‐status SLBs are often confronted with, and how they cope with them. Based on 94 interviews with community health workers in Brazil, we identify several types of burdens associated with their ambiguous tasks, as well as the strategies they use to cope with these burdens. The analyses suggest that the burdens and coping strategies are an important source of the inequality on the team. The paper discusses the importance of considering the diversity of roles occupied by SLBs and the inequalities within teams.
Antibiotic resistance and heteroresistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from symptomatic Vietnamese children: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Nguyen Tu Cam , Le Giao Kim Ngoc , Pham Dao Thi Hong , Pham Bao Van , Nguyen Loan Thi Hong , Che Thai Hoang , Nguyen Hiep Thanh , Truong Dinh Quang , Robert Annie , Bontems Patrick , Nguyen Phuong Ngoc Van 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing worldwide, with geographical variations, impacting the treatment outcomes. This study assessed the antibiotic resistance patterns of H. pylori in Vietnamese children.Materials and MethodsSymptomatic children undergoing gastroduodenoscopy at two tertiary Children's Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited. Antral and corpus biopsies were obtained and cultured separately. Susceptibility to amoxicillin (AMO), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET), levofloxacin (LEV), and tetracycline (TET) was determined using E‐test. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on another antral biopsy to detect the urease gene, cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) genotypes, and 23S rRNA mutations conferring CLA resistance.ResultsAmong 123 enrolled children, a high primary resistance rate was found for CLA (68.5%, 61/89), followed by LEV (55.1%), MET (31.5%), AMO (25.8%), and TET (1.1%). Secondary resistance rates were 82.1% (7/28), 71.4%, 53.6%, and 3.6% for CLA, LEV, MET, and TET, respectively. Multidrug resistance was frequent (67.7%), with common patterns including CLA + LEV (20.3%) and CLA + MTZ + LEV (15.2%). Heteroresistance was detected in eight children (6.5%). The A2143G mutation was detected in 97.5% (119/122) of children. 86.1% of children had positive cagA strains and 27.9% had multiple vacA genotypes. No factor was significantly associated with antibiotic resistance.ConclusionsThe alarming rate of antibiotic resistance for H. pylori, especially for CLA, with emerging multi‐ and hetero‐resistant strains, pose a major treatment challenge that precludes CLA use as empirical therapy. Biopsies from both antrum and corpus can improve H. pylori culture, allowing tailored treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility.