bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Chávez-Villa Mariana , Ruffolo Luis I. , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize the current state of liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (uCRLM), and to address future directions.

Recent findings
The Norwegian secondary cancer (SECA) I and SECA II studies demonstrated that after LT the 5-year survival of a highly selected group of patients with uCRLM could be as high as 60% and 83%, respectively. After long-term follow-up, the 5- and 10-year survival was shown to be 43% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, data has accumulated in other countries and a North American study reported a 1.5-year survival of 100%. In addition, steady growth has been demonstrated in the US, with 46 patients transplanted to date and 19 centers enrolling patients for this indication. Lastly, although recurrence is almost universal in patients with a high tumor burden, it has not been an accurate surrogate for survival, reflecting the relatively indolent nature of recurrence after LT.

Summary
Growing evidence has shown that excellent survival and even cure can be achieved in highly selected patients with uCRLM, with survival rates far superior than in patients treated with chemotherapy. The next step is to create national registries to standardize selection criteria and establish the optimal approach and best practices for incorporating LT for uCRLM into the treatment armamentarium.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestion
Authors: Niset Alexandre , Baert Jérome , Dupriez Florence 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Foreign body ingestion (FBI) is a frequent concern in emergency departments. Clinical guidelines recommend performing plain x-rays as the primary modality of diagnosis. Although point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) has increasingly been integrated into the daily practice of emergency medicine, it has been poorly investigated in the diagnostic approach for FBI.
This review aims to highlight the current state of PoCUS use for pediatric FBI.
The following research question was considered in this narrative review: Is PoCUS useful for FBI management?

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify articles reporting PoCUS use for the management of FBI. All articles were assessed for quality by 2 reviewers.

Main Results
The 14 selected articles reported 52 FBI cases in which PoCUS successfully identified and located the ingested FB. Point-of-care ultrasound was used either as the primary imaging technique or after positive or negative x-ray findings. In 5 cases (9.6%), PoCUS was the only modality used for the diagnosis. Of these cases, 3 (60%) underwent a successful procedure to remove the FB and 2 (40%) received conservative treatment without complications.

Conclusions
This review suggests that PoCUS might be a reliable modality for the initial management of FBI. PoCUS can locate, identify, and evaluate the size of the FB in a wide range of materials and gastrointestinal locations. Point-of-care ultrasound could eventually become the go-to modality in the case of radiolucent FB, thus avoiding the use of radiation. Further studies are nevertheless required to validate PoCUS use for FBI management.
Pre-Injury Measures do not Predict Future Concussion Among Collegiate Student-Athletes: Findings from the CARE Consortium
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Breedlove Katherine M. , Caccese Jaclyn B. , McCrea Michael A. , McAllister Thomas W. , Broglio Steven P. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Lynall Robert C. , Buckley Thomas A. ,   CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis prospective cohort study aimed to determine whether pre-injury characteristics and performance on baseline concussion assessments predicted future concussions among collegiate student-athletes. Participant cases (concussed = 2,529; control = 30,905) completed pre-injury: demographic forms (sport, concussion history, sex), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom checklist, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Brief Symptom Inventory-18 item (BSI-18), Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), and Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS). We used machine-learning logistic regressions with area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive values (+PV) statistics for univariable and multivariable analyses. Primary sport was determined to be the strongest univariable predictor (AUC = 64.3% ± 1.4, sensitivity = 1.1% ± 1.4, +PV = 4.9% ± 6.5). The all-predictor multivariable model was the strongest (AUC = 68.3% ± 1.6, sensitivity = 20.7% ± 2.7, +PV = 16.5% ± 2.0). Despite a robust sample size and novel analytical approaches, accurate concussion prediction was not achieved regardless of modeling complexity. The strongest +PV(16.5%) indicated only 17 out of every 100 individuals flagged would experience a concussion. These findings suggest pre-injury characteristics or baseline assessmentshave negligible utilityfor predicting subsequent concussion. Researchers, healthcare providers, and sporting organizations therefore should not use pre-injury characteristics or baseline assessments for future concussion risk identificationat this time.
Naloxone-Prescribing Practices in a Freestanding Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Stone Shane N. , Curley Natalie , Sheth Manasi , Butler Christopher , Margolis Shana 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The study aims to determine whether Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation physicians offer naloxone per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines to patients at the highest risk of complications from opioid treatment and whether there is a difference between inpatient and outpatient naloxone prescribing.

Design
A retrospective chart review on 389 adults (outpatient n = 166; inpatient n = 223) from May 4 to May 31, 2022, at an academic rehabilitation hospital. Prescribed medications and comorbidities were evaluated to determine whether Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for offering naloxone were met and whether naloxone was offered.

Results
One hundred twenty-nine opioid prescriptions were written for 102 outpatients; 61 qualified for naloxone (morphine milliequivalent range = 10–1080, mean = 158.08). On inpatient, 68 patients received 86 opioid prescriptions; 35 qualified for naloxone (morphine milliequivalent range = 3.75–246, mean = 62.36). Overall, there was a significantly lower rate of opioid prescriptions for inpatients (30.49%) than outpatients (61.45%) (P < 0.0001), a nonsignificant lower rate of inpatient (51.47%) than outpatient (59.80%) “at-risk” prescriptions (P = 0.351), and a weakly significant lower rate of naloxone prescribing for inpatient (2.86%) than outpatient visits (8.20%) (P < 0.0519).

Conclusions
At this rehabilitation hospital, there was a low rate of naloxone prescribing by inpatient and outpatient providers, with a higher rate occurring in the outpatient than inpatient setting. More research is needed to understand this prescribing trend to determine potential interventions.
The FSHD jigsaw: are we placing the tiles in the right position?
Authors: Salsi Valentina , Vattemi Gaetano Nicola Alfio , Tupler Rossella Ginevra 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most common myopathies, involving over 870,000 people worldwide and over 20 FSHD national registries. Our purpose was to summarize the main objectives of the scientific community on this topic and the moving trajectories of research from the past to the present.

Recent findings
To date, research is mainly oriented toward deciphering the molecular and pathogenetic basis of the disease by investigating DUX4-mediated muscle alterations. Accordingly, FSHD drug development has been escalating in the last years in an attempt to silence DUX4 or to block its downstream effectors. Breakthroughs in the field include the awareness that new biomarkers and outcome measures are required for tracking disease progression and patient stratification. The need to develop personalized therapeutic strategies is also crucial according to the phenotypic variability observed in FSHD subjects.

Summary
We analysed 121 literature reports published between 2021 and 2023 to assess the most recent advances in FSHD clinical and molecular research.
Comparison the outcomes of blunt trauma with penetrating traumatic popliteal artery injury repair in Southwest of Iran
Authors: Azadvar Alireza , Mousavi Seyed Masood , Tork Hossein Minaie , Sherafatmand Shaghayegh , Ghaedamini Hossein 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPopliteal artery injuries (PAI) one of the most severe peripheral vascular damages may lead to movement impairment or amputation. This study aimed to compare the repair results of popliteal artery injury due to blunt trauma with penetrating trauma in patients referred to the Vascular Surgery Center in Southwest Iran.MethodsThis was a descriptive and retrospective study. The statistical population was all patients with vascular trauma referred to the Southwest Trauma Center of Iran in 2020. The sampling method was census. The data collection tool was a checklist containing demographic information, medical information, vascular information, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score, and Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS24 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The Chi-Square test, Fisher Exact Test, and independent T-test were used.Results63.1 % of participants had penetrating trauma. 10.6 % of participants needed limb fasciotomy (26.3 % in the penetrating trauma group VS 1.7 % in the blunt trauma group). The amputation rate was 8.8 % in the penetrating trauma group VS 12 % in the blunt trauma. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of organ fasciotomy (P=0.035), type of PAI(P=0.018), and fracture (P=0.007). MESS Score (P<0.001), FIM Score (P<0.001), time of discharge (P<0.001), and Arterial condition (P<0.001).ConclusionPopliteal artery trauma is uncommon. Tthe results showed that the complication of penetrating PAI include organ fasciotomy (type of fracture, MESS Score, FIM Score, time of discharge, Arterial condition) in the southwest of Iran were significantly more than the blunt type. It is necessary to investigate additional studies with a larger sample size and extended duration.
Coping mechanisms of students with mental disorders at Busitema University, an exploratory qualitative study at Mbale and Busia campuses
Authors: Kagoya Enid Kawala , Mpagi Joseph , Waako Paul , Muhwezi Martha R L , Namaganda Agnes , Nsubuga Allan.G. , Atala Christine Etoko , Okello Francis , Okibure Ambrose , Kibuuka Ronald , Wandera Ernest , Ndamanywa Kalisiti , Kirabira Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOver the past years, Ugandan universities have been grappling with mental health issues among students. The prevalence of mental disorders was up to 60% among undergraduate students in Uganda. This trend has been observed at many universities as mental health issues pose significant academic and social problems for many students. This study aimed to explore the coping mechanisms used by students with mental disorders at Busitema University.MethodsForty-two key informant interviews were conducted among students diagnosed with mental disorders based on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. All the interviews followed a well-structured interview guide which was developed by the research team. All participants consented during the study. All interviews were audiotaped and recordings were later subjected to verbatim transcription. Each transcript was read several times by the research team. Thematic analysis was done following a deductive approach. Nvivo software was used to support the coding and grouping of codes.ResultsThe study revealed several key coping strategies embraced by students experiencing mental health issues at the two campuses. Five themes emerged during the data analysis which included Alcohol and substance use, Use of sedatives, social and personal initiatives, seeking counselling services, withdrawal and confrontation and faith healing. A lot of subthemes emerged as indicated in table (2). Among the many were resorting to drug, alcohol and substance use, withdrawal, confrontations, witchcraft, engaging in co-curricular activities and other social events, abortions, seeking counselling and other forms of psychosocial support.ConclusionsIn the face of increasingmental health challenges among university students, their coping strategies amidst such situations need to be looked through and given much attention. Some are self-thought-through strategies while others are university-led interventions. There is a need to reinforce the good coping mechanisms and counter the bad ones for the betterment of the mental health status of these students.
Measuring Quality-of-Care in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Novel Application of Natural Language Processing
Authors: Pillai Malvika , Posada Jose , Gardner Rebecca M. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Bannett Yair 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel application of natural language processing (NLP) techniques to measure pediatrician adherence to evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Materials and MethodsWe extracted structured and free text data from electronic health records of all office visits (2015-2019) of children aged 4-6 years seen in a community-based primary healthcare network in California, who had ≥1 visits with an ICD-10 diagnosis of ADHD. Two pediatricians manually annotated clinical notes of the first ADHD visit for 423 patients. Inter-annotator agreement was assessed for recommendation for first-line behavioral treatment; Disagreements were reconciled. The BioClinical Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BioClinical-BERT) was used to identify mentions of behavioral treatment recommendations using a 70/30 train/test split. Following an error analysis and threshold selection, we completed external (temporal) validation by deploying the model on 1,020 unannotated notes representing other ADHD visits and well-care visits; all positively classified notes and 5% of negatively classified notes were annotated.ResultsOf 423 included patients, 313 (74%) were male, 268 (63%) were privately insured; 138 (33%) were white; 61 (14 %) were Hispanic. The BERT model of first ADHD visits achieved F1=0.78, precision=0.84, and recall=0.72. Following threshold selection, temporal validation on notes from other visits achieved F1=0.80, recall=0.92 and precision=0.7.ConclusionDeploying a machine learning algorithm on a large and variable set of clinical notes accurately captured pediatrician adherence to guidelines in treatment of children with ADHD. This approach can be used to measure quality-of-care at scale and improve clinical care for various chronic medical conditions.
A unified framework for estimating country-specific cumulative incidence for 18 diseases stratified by polygenic risk
Authors: Jermy Bradley , Läll Kristi , Wolford Brooke , Wang Ying , Zguro Kristina , Cheng Yipeng , Kanai Masahiro , Kanoni Stavroula , Yang Zhiyu , Hartonen Tuomo , Monti Remo , Wanner Julian , Youssef Omar ,   Estonian Biobank research team,   FinnGen, Lippert Christoph , van Heel David , Okada Yukinori , McCartney Daniel L. , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E. , Furini Simone , Renieri Alessandra , Martin Alicia R. , Neale Benjamin M. , Hveem Kristian , Mägi Reedik , Palotie Aarno , Heyne Henrike , Mars Nina , Ganna Andrea , Ripatti Samuli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolygenic Scores (PGSs) offer the ability to predict genetic risk for complex disease across the life course; a key benefit over short-term prediction models. To produce risk estimates relevant for clinical and public health decision making, it is important to account for any varying effects due to common risk factors such as age and sex. Here, we develop a novel framework to estimate for cumulative incidences over the life course and produce country-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of cumulative incidence stratified by PGS for 18 high-burden diseases by integrating PGS associations from 7 studies in 4 countries (N=1,197,129) with disease incidences from the Global Burden of Disease. PGSs had a significant sex-specific effect for 5 diseases (asthma, hip osteoarthritis, gout, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes) with all but type 2 diabetes exhibiting a larger effect in men. PGS had a larger effect in younger individuals for 13 diseases, with the effects decreasing linearly with age. We showed for breast cancer that, relative to individuals in the bottom 20% of polygenic risk, the top 5% attain an absolute risk for screening eligibility 16.3 years earlier. For T2D, men and women in the top 1% reached the threshold aged 24.8 (95% CI: 22.5 – 27.6) and 22.3 (95% CI: 20.0 – 25.3) respectively. Individuals in the bottom 1% of PGS did not reach the risk threshold by age 80. Our easily extendable framework increases the generalizability of results from biobank studies and the accuracy of absolute risk estimates by appropriately accounting age and sex-specific PGS effects. Our results highlight the potential of PGS as a screening tool which may assist in the early prevention of common disease.
Therapeutic potential of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet in reversing the peripheral lipid signature of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Neth Bryan J , Huynh Kevin , Giles Corey , Wang Tingting , Mellett Natalie A , Duong Thy , Blach Colette , Schimmel Leyla , Register Thomas C , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Batra Richa , Schweickart Annalise , Dilmore Amanda Hazel , Martino Cameron , Arnold Matthias , Krumsiek Jan , Han Xianlin , Dorrestein Pieter C , Knight Rob , Meikle Peter J , Craft Suzanne , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, influencing its onset and progression. Although previous studies have suggested that certain diets may reduce the incidence of AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this randomized crossover study of 20 elderly adults, we investigated the effects of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the plasma lipidome, analyzing 784 lipid species across 47 classes. We identified substantial changes in response to intervention, notably a global elevation across all plasmanyl and plasmenyl ether lipid species among others, with many changes linked with changes to clinical and biochemical markers of AD. Leveraging our prior clinical studies on AD (n = 1,912), we found that MMKD was inversely associated with the lipidomic signature of prevalent and incident AD. Given its low risk and cost, MMKD could be a promising approach for prevention or early symptomatic treatment of AD.
Exclusive heat-not-burn cigarette smoking alters the profile of circulating microRNAs
Authors: Picchio Vittorio , Ferrero Giulio , Cozzolino Claudia , Pardini Barbara , Floris Erica , Tarallo Sonia , Dhori Xhulio , Nocella Cristina , Loffredo Lorenzo , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Carnevale Roberto , Frati Giacomo , Chimenti Isotta , Pagano Francesca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditional combustion cigarette (TCC) smoking is an established risk factor for several types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) represent key molecules mediating pathogenetic mechanisms, and potential biomarkers for personalized risk assessment. TCC smoking globally changes the profile of circulating miRNAs. The use of heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBCs) as alternative smoking devices is rising exponentially worldwide, and the circulating miRNA profiles in chronic HNBC smokers are unknown.We aimed at defining the circulating miRNA profile of chronic exclusive HNBC smokers, and identifying potentially pathogenetic signatures.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 60 healthy young subjects, stratified in chronic HNBC smokers, TCC smokers, and Non Smokers (20 subjects each). Three pooled samples per group were used for small RNA sequencing, and the fourth sub-group constituted the validation set.FindingsDifferential expression analysis revealed 108 differentially expressed miRNAs; 72 exclusively in TCC, 10 exclusively in HNBC, and 26 in both smoker groups. KEGG pathway analysis on target genes of the commonly modulated miRNAs returned cancer and cardiovascular disease associated pathways. Stringent abundance and fold-change criteria nailed down our functional bioinformatic analyses to a network where miR-25-3p and miR-221-3p are main hubs.InterpretationOur results define for the first time the miRNA profile in the serum of exclusive chronic HNBC smokers and suggest a significant impact of HNBCs on circulating miRNAs.FundingSapienza University of Rome grant 2019, # RG11916B8621D7FF to GBZ and grant 2021 # RM12117A5D7688BC to RC. IC is supported by grants # RM12117A805ED2FD and # RG11916B85CDBF76 from Sapienza University of Rome, and by grant # RG1221816BC8E766 from the Italian Health Ministry. FP is supported by Grant # A0375-2020-36621 from Regione Lazio (POR-FESR 2014-2021).
Associations of hypertension and antenatal care-seeking with perinatal mortality: A nested case-control study in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Bear Allyson P. , Bennett Wendy L. , Katz Joanne , Lee Kyu Han , Chowdhury Atique Iqbal , Bari Sanwarul , El Arifeen Shams , Gurley Emily S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaternal hypertension may be an underrecognized but important risk factor for perinatal death in low resource settings. We investigated the association of maternal hypertension and perinatal mortality in rural Bangladesh.This nested, matched case-control study used data from a 2019 cross-sectional survey and demographic surveillance database in Baliakandi, Bangladesh. We randomly matched each pregnancy ending in perinatal death with five pregnancies in which the neonate survived beyond seven days based on maternal age, education, and wealth quintile. We estimated associations of antenatal care-seeking and self-reported hypertension with perinatal mortality using conditional logistic regression and used median and interquartile ranges to assess the mediation of antenatal care by timing or frequency.Among 191 cases and 934 matched controls, hypertension prevalence was 14.1% among cases and 7.7% among controls. Compared with no diagnosis, the probability of perinatal death was significantly higher among women with a pre-gestational hypertension diagnosis (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.29, 6.57), but not among women with diagnosis during pregnancy (OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.98, 2.98). We found no association between the number of antenatal care contacts and perinatal death (p=0.66). Among women with pre-gestational hypertension who experienced a perinatal death, 78% had their first antenatal contact in the sixth or seventh month of gestation.Hypertension was more common among rural women who experience a perinatal death. Greater effort to prevent hypertension prior to conception and provide early maternity care to women with hypertension could improve perinatal outcomes in rural Bangladesh.