bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of hippocampal cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 activity ameliorates learning and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Tao Fang‐Fei , Wang Zi‐Yu , Wang Ying , Lv Qian‐Ru , Cai Peng‐Peng , Min Hai‐Wen , Ge Jian‐Wei , Yin Chun‐Yu , Cheng Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsOxygen therapy plays a vital role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is the independent risk factor for neurodevelopment deficits in premature infants. However, the effect of hippocampal cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) on BPD‐associated neurodevelopment deficits is not fully understood.MethodsMice were placed in a hyperoxia chamber from postnatal Day 1 to Day 7. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung histomorphological characteristics. Learning and memory functions of mice were detected by Morris water maze. TUNEL staining was applied to measure the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of CDK5, apoptosis‐related protein, and neuroplasticity‐related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Golgi staining was used to assess the structure of dendritic spines.ResultsHyperoxia‐induced BPD mice showed a long‐term learning and memory dysfunction, more severe neuronal apoptosis, and a decline of synaptic plasticity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation ameliorated cognitive deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity disorders in BPD mice.ConclusionsThis study first found a vital role of CDK5 in BPD‐associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibition of CDK5 overexpression could effectively improve cognitive dysfunctions in BPD mice, which indicated that hippocampal CDK5 may be a new target for prevention and treatment in learning and memory dysfunction of BPD.
“Happy to close?” The relationship between surgical experience and incisional hernia rates following abdominal wall closure in colorectal surgery
Authors: Smith Laurie , Coxon‐Meggy Alexandra , Shinkwin Michael , Cornish Julie , Watkins Alan , Fegan Greg , Torkington Jared ,   HART Trial Collaborators
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimIncisional hernia (IH) is a common complication of colorectal surgery, affecting up to 30% of patients at 2 years. Given the associated morbidity and high recurrence rates after attempted repair of IH, emphasis should be placed on prevention. There is an association between surgeon volume and outcomes in hernia surgery, yet there is little evidence regarding impact of the seniority of the surgeon performing abdominal wall closure on IH rate. The aim of our study was to assess the rates of IH at 1 year following abdominal wall closure between junior and senior surgeons in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis of patients who underwent elective surgery for colorectal cancer between 2014–2018 as part of the Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial (HART), a prospective, multicentre randomised control trial comparing abdominal wall closure methods. Grade of surgeon performing abdominal closure was categorised into “trainee” and “consultant” and compared to IH rate at one year.ResultsA total of 663 patients were included in this retrospective analysis of patients in the HART trial. The rate of IH in patients closed by trainees was 20%, compared to 12% in those closed by consultants (p = <0.001). When comparing closure methods, IH rates were significantly higher in the Hughes closure arm between trainees and consultants (20% vs. 12%, p = 0.032), but not high enough in the mass closure arm to reach statistical significance (21% vs. 13%, p = 0.058). On multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.036, OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04), Male sex (p = 0.049, OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.00–2.59) and closure by a trainee (p = 0.006, OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.20–2.85) were identified as risk factors for developing IH.ConclusionPatients who undergo abdominal wall closure by a surgeon in training have an increased risk of developing IH when compared to those closed by a consultant. Further work is needed to determine the impact of supervised and unsupervised trainees on IH rates, but abdominal wall closure should be regarded as a training opportunity in its own right.
External validation of the Codman score in colorectal surgery: a pragmatic tool to drive quality improvement
Authors: Spence Richard T. , Guidolin Keegan , Quereshy Fayez A. , Chadi Sami A. , Chang David C. , Hutter Matthew M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe simple six‐variable Codman score is a tool designed to reduce the complexity of contemporary risk‐adjusted postoperative mortality rate predictions. We sought to externally validate the Codman score in colorectal surgery.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) participant user file and colectomy targeted dataset of 2020 were merged. A Codman score (composed of six variables: age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, emergency status, degree of sepsis, functional status and preoperative blood transfusion) was assigned to every patient. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcome was morbidity at 30 days. Logistic regression analyses were performed using the Codman score and the ACS NSQIP mortality and morbidity algorithms as independent variables for the primary and secondary outcomes. The predictive performance of discrimination area under receiver operating curve (AUC) and calibration of the Codman score and these algorithms were compared.ResultsA total of 40 589 patients were included and a Codman score was generated for 40 557 (99.02%) patients. The median Codman score was 3 (interquartile range 1–4). To predict mortality, the Codman score had an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI 0.91–0.93) compared to the NSQIP mortality score 0.93 (95% CI 0.92–0.94). To predict morbidity, the Codman score had an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.66–0.68) compared to the NSQIP morbidity score 0.72 (95% CI 0.71–0.73). When body mass index and surgical approach was added to the Codman score, the performance was no different to the NSQIP morbidity score. The calibration of observed versus expected predictions was almost perfect for both the morbidity and mortality NSQIP predictions, and only well fitted for Codman scores of less than 4 and greater than 7.ConclusionWe propose that the six‐variable Codman score is an efficient and actionable method for generating validated risk‐adjusted outcome predictions and comparative benchmarks to drive quality improvement in colorectal surgery.
The association with organ procurement techniques and early cardiac transplant outcomes using cardiac MRI
Authors: Coniglio Amanda C. , Kim Han W. , Alenezi Fawaz , Schroder Jacob N. , Bryner Benjamin S. , Agarwal Richa , Patel Chetan B. , DeVore Adam D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation (HT) has historically been limited by organ availability. Use of donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors addresses this limitation by utilizing previously unused hearts through use of the Organ Care System (OCS).ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the impact of procurement and transportation method on allograft structure and function using early post‐transplant cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsPatients who underwent HT at our institution from February 1, 2020, through April 30, 2021 who underwent cardiac MRI imaging <60 days from transplant were included. Recipient and donor characteristics, clinical outcomes, and MRI findings were compared between those who underwent DCD transplantation using the OCS device (DCD‐OCS), brain dead donation (DBD) using the OCS device (DBD‐OCS), and DBD transported via cold storage (DBD‐cold storage) using one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 85 patients underwent HT with a cardiac MRI during the study period. Thirty‐one (36%) patients received a DCD organ, 16 (19%) received a DBD‐OCS organ and 38 (45%) received a DBD‐cold storage organ. Rates of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) were significantly higher in DCD transplants (19.5% DCD vs. .0% DBD‐OCS and 5.3% DBD‐cold storage; p < .050 across three groups), but with no differences in mortality or rejection. There were no differences in cardiac MRI findings between the three transplant types, including presence of gadolinium hyperenhancement after transplant (all p > .050).ConclusionsWe observed no differences in early cardiac MRI findings between patients that received DCD and DBD‐OCS heart transplants compared with those receiving DBD‐cold storage transplants.
Evaluation of transcranial Doppler use in patients with acute liver failure listed for emergency liver transplantation
Authors: Picard Benjamin , Sigaut Stéphanie , Roux Olivier , Abback Paër‐Selim , Choinier Pierre‐Marie , Hachouf Marina , Giabicani Mikhael , Kavafyan Juliette , Francoz Claire , Dondero Federica , Lesurtel Mickaël , Durand François , Cauchy François , Paugam‐Burtz Catherine , Dahmani Souhayl , Weiss Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeAcute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) often due to intracranial hypertension (ICH). The risk/benefit‐balance of intraparenchymal pressure catheter monitoring is controversial during ALF.AimsPerform an evaluation of transcranial Doppler (TCD) use in patients with ALF listed for emergency liver transplantation.Material and methodsSingle center retrospective cohort study including all patients registered on high emergency LT list between 2012 and 2018. All TCD measurements performed during ICU stay after listing and after LT (when performed) were recorded. TCD was considered abnormal when pulsatility index (PI) was >1.2.ResultsAmong 106 patients with ALF, forty‐seven (44%) had a TCD while on list. They had more severe liver and extrahepatic organ failure. When performed, TCD was abnormal in 51% of patients. These patients more frequently developed ICH events (45% vs. 13%, p = .02) and more frequently required increase in sedative drugs and vasopressors. While 22% of patients with normal TCD spontaneously survived, all of those with abnormal TCD died or were transplanted (p = .02). All transplanted patients who had abnormal exams normalized their TCD within 2 (1–2) days after LT.ConclusionTCD may be a useful non‐invasive tool for ICH detection and management, then guide sedation withdrawal.
Guidelines and principles for the care of the cardiothoracic transplant patient in the intensive care unit
Authors: Nurok Michael , Nunnally Mark E. , O'Connor Michael , Pierson Richard N. , Baran David A. , Harper Michael D. , Malinoski Darren , El Banayosy Aly , Orija Abiodun , Hall Shelley , Edelman Jeffrey D. , Sundt Thoralf M. , Levine Deborah , Kobashigawa Jon , Nelson David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeart and lung transplant recipients require care provided by clinicians from multiple different specialties, each contributing unique expertise and perspective. The period the patient spends in the intensive care unit is one of the most critical times in the perioperative trajectory. Various organizational models of intensive care exist, including those led by intensivists, surgeons, transplant cardiologists, and pulmonologists. Coordinating timely efficient intensive care is an essential and logistically difficult goal. The present work product of the American Society of Transplantation's Thoracic and Critical Care Community of Practice, Critical Care Task Force outlines operational guidelines and principles that may be applied in different organizational models to optimize the delivery of intensive care for the cardiothoracic organ recipient.
Hidden problems in a case of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Espejel‐Guzman Adrian , Cabello‐Ganem Aldo , Armendariz‐Ferrari Jose C. , Serrano‐Roman Javier , Aparicio‐Ortiz Alexis D. , Espinola‐Zavaleta Nilda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the relation between congenital heart defects and the predisposition to AF is not fully understood. A 65‐year‐old male was admitted into the emergency department due to progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations, and edema. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed bi‐atrial enlargement and dysplasia of the mitral leaflets with severe mitral regurgitation. Also, a membrane was noted in the LA, dividing the chamber into two parts, suggestive of cor triatriatum sinister. Coronary computed tomography angiography demonstrated a soft tissue septum in the left atrium. Multimodal evaluation is of vital importance for a complete approach, since, detected in time, it has an excellent prognosis.
Rebooting disruptive science: Exploring the challenges and potential solutions
Authors: Rust Ruslan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere has been a decline in the number of disruptive scientific discoveries and breakthroughs. Here, reasons for the decline of disruptive science are explored including declining funding for basic research, increasing risk‐aversion among scientists, pressure to publish quickly and increasing administrative workload. Solutions are proposed to reverse the trend and encourage disruptive research especially for young scientists.
The definition of long COVID used in interventional studies
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Olivier Timothée , Prasad Vinay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere has been little consensus for a specific definition of long COVID, though several organizations have created varying ones. We sought to examine the definition of long COVID used in ongoing clinical trials.MethodsWe searched ‘long COVID’ and related terms on both PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov for randomized studies that either included patients with long COVID or had a persistent or long‐term COVID‐related outcome and abstracted long COVID definition components.ResultsOf the 92 studies, a laboratory‐only confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 was stipulated in 54.3% (n = 50) studies. We found eight different time durations specified for how long symptoms needed to have occurred, ranging from 4 to 52 weeks, with 12 weeks being the most common (34.8%; n = 32). 35.9% (n = 33) did not specify a time duration. There were 57 different symptoms specified in total, with a median of one symptom identified per study (range 0–32). 8.7% of trials adhered to NICE or WHO definitions.ConclusionStandardized definitions of long COVID should be applied in studies assessing this condition to unify and harmonize research on this topic.
Identifying important prognostic factors and outcomes for autotransplantation of developing teeth: Clinicians' perspectives
Authors: Barber Sophy K. , Kenny Kate , Czochrowska Ewa , Plakwicz Pawel , Houghton Nadine Y. , Day Peter F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/AimVariability in the outcome measures used to assess the success of tooth autotransplantation presents challenges for combining data to examine the success of the technique. Reaching agreement on the most important outcomes will enable routine procedural and follow‐up data to be collected in a standardised way. In turn this will promote greater data synthesis to evaluate outcomes and examine which procedural techniques influence outcome. The aim of this study was to identify which prognostic factors and outcomes are most important to clinicians with experience in autotransplantation of developing teeth.MethodsThe Delphi method was used to build consensus on the most important prognostic factors and outcomes. Item identification involved a systematic literature review and review of current clinical datasets in use. A two‐round Delphi questionnaire was undertaken with clinicians providing tooth autotransplantation, followed by a consensus meeting to finalise the most important items.ResultsOutcomes and prognostic factors were identified from the systematic review (82 studies and eight reviews), one guideline and three existing clinical datasets. Patient interviews and a clinician survey added a number of items that would not have been identified from the literature only. A total of 56 outcomes and 93 prognostic factors were included for rating in the Delphi questionnaire. The Delphi questionnaire was completed by 15 respondents in round one and 13 respondents in round two. The consensus meeting was attended by nine participants. The final items that were judged to be most important included 29 outcomes (25 clinical, three patient‐reported and one service delivery) and 49 prognostic factors (18 patient characteristics, four presurgical, 17 surgical and 10 postsurgical). Clinical outcomes were consistently rated higher than patient‐reported outcomes.ConclusionsThe clinical outcomes rated as the most important were transplant survival and reason for failure, outcomes relating to pulp health, different types of resorption and evidence of infection (suppuration). Important patient‐reported outcomes were satisfaction with overall treatment experience, and outcome and quality of life related to function of the transplanted tooth. Procedural information rated as being the most important related to the donor tooth: stage of root development, method for surgical removal and storage and condition of the donor tooth root surface following removal.
A word on habitat complexity
Authors: Madin Joshua S. , Asbury Mollie , Schiettekatte Nina , Dornelas Maria , Pizarro Oscar , Reichert Jessica , Torres‐Pulliza Damaris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn their recent synopsis, Loke and Chisholm (Ecology Letters, 25, 2269–2288, 2022) present an overview of habitat complexity metrics for ecologists. They provide a review and some sound advice. However, we found several of their analyses and opinions misleading. This technical note provides a different perspective on the complexity metrics assessed.
Investigating the eco‐evolutionary response of microbiomes to environmental change
Authors: Martiny Jennifer B. H. , Martiny Adam C. , Brodie Eoin , Chase Alexander B. , Rodríguez‐Verdugo Alejandra , Treseder Kathleen K. , Allison Steven D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms are the primary engines of biogeochemical processes and foundational to the provisioning of ecosystem services to human society. Free‐living microbial communities (microbiomes) and their functioning are now known to be highly sensitive to environmental change. Given microorganisms' capacity for rapid evolution, evolutionary processes could play a role in this response. Currently, however, few models of biogeochemical processes explicitly consider how microbial evolution will affect biogeochemical responses to environmental change. Here, we propose a conceptual framework for explicitly integrating evolution into microbiome–functioning relationships. We consider how microbiomes respond simultaneously to environmental change via four interrelated processes that affect overall microbiome functioning (physiological acclimation, demography, dispersal and evolution). Recent evidence in both the laboratory and the field suggests that ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur simultaneously within microbiomes; however, the implications for biogeochemistry under environmental change will depend on the timescales over which these processes contribute to a microbiome's response. Over the long term, evolution may play an increasingly important role for microbially driven biogeochemical responses to environmental change, particularly to conditions without recent historical precedent.
Licking their wounds: Social response to trauma by free‐ranging bison (Bison bison)
Authors: Jung Thomas S. , Thacker Caeley , Lewis Christopher J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe epidermis of wild mammals is occasionally lacerated or punctured and wound care behaviours evolved to keep animals healthy in nature. Communal wound licking may promote healing of affected sites, relieve stress after a traumatic experience, and reinforce social bonds among individuals. Yet, there are few reported cases of communal wound licking in free‐ranging mammals. We report observations of communal wound licking in a social ungulate—free‐ranging bison (Bison bison). Two adult female bison presented with minor open puncture wounds after we chemically immobilized each of them with a dart fired from a rifle. The day after being darted, we observed three different adult bison lick the wounds of the two wounded bison. Both bison were <3 m of each other during this time and all of the observed wound licking occurred in <10 min. Our observation provides an additional example of communal wound licking in free‐ranging mammals and extends it to a social ungulate. Benefits to bison of communal wound licking are perhaps largely social. However, targeted research is needed to better understand both the frequency and cost and benefits of communal wound licking.
Behaviour in a novel environment provides clues to the success of an invasive species
Authors: Vázquez María G. , Bas Claudia C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBehavioural traits play an important role in invasion success, yet little is known about how species behave when they arrive in a new environment. In this study we examined the behaviour of the invasive shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus after entering in a novel place with a single refuge during a 24 h solitary phase, and after the introduction of a conspecific or heterospecific (the native goby Gobiosoma parri), in the next 24 h (competition phase), comparing their responses as residents and as intruders. Time spent swimming, using the shelter and the frequency of interactions (withdrawing touches) were quantified. Shrimps entering to a new empty environment, swam most of the time in the first hours, while the use of shelter increased steadily. The use of shelter in shrimps was affected by sex and residency status. Females won the shelter to males, while residents won the shelter to intruders. In the interspecific competition, refuge was always won by gobies and shrimps showed no resistance. Obtaining shelter was not generated through aggressive behaviours, but rather a hierarchy established through some other type of interactions. We propose that both prolonged swimming, which could indicate exploratory behaviour, and a social organization without aggressive confrontations could be key to the initiation of an invasion in this species.
The influence of cultural tightness–looseness, religiosity, and the institutional environment on tax evasion behaviour: A cross‐country study
Authors: Ben Othman Hakim , Hussainey Khaled , Moumen Nejia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine whether the strength of norms and tolerance for deviations play a role in explaining cross‐country differences in tax evasion (TEVA). We also investigate the effects of religiosity, legal enforcement, voice and accountability, and the stability of political systems on TEVA across 48 countries over the period 1997–2018. Results show that the higher the voice and accountability and the lower the degree of cultural tightness–looseness, the rule of law, and political stability, the higher the degree of TEVA across nations. The results are important for policymakers to assess the likelihood of TEVA from a holistic perspective.