bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short communication: commercial diets for pigs in the United States contain more calcium than formulated
Authors: Vanessa Lagos L , Woodworth Jason C , Woo Kim Sung , Stein Hans H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Data from Europe indicate that commercial diets for pigs and poultry contain significantly more Ca than formulated. Therefore, a survey of commercial pig diets used in the United States was conducted to test the hypothesis that the analyzed concentrations of total Ca and total P in commercial pig diets in the United States are not greater than formulated values. A total of 103 diet samples from the commercial swine industry in the United States were collected between 2019 and 2021. Diet samples were provided by feed mills, feed companies, or swine farms located in major swine-producing states in the United States including NC, TN, IA, IN, KS, MN, NE, and IL. Diets were formulated for nursery pigs, growing-finishing pigs, or sows. Each company provided formulated values for total Ca and P in all samples. Samples were sent to the University of Illinois where they were ground and analyzed for Ca and P by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The formulated values for Ca and P were regressed against analyzed values, and the intercept was considered the estimated under- or over-supply of each mineral. Results indicated that there was an average of 0.19 percentage units more Ca (model; P &lt; 0.001) in the diets than formulated, whereas, for total P, the average oversupply was only 0.06 percentage units (model; P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, diets used in the U.S. swine industry contain more total Ca than formulated, whereas total P is close to formulated values, which indicates that greater importance is given to P than to Ca in formulation. However, the current data indicate that more attention should be given to the actual concentration of Ca in all Ca-containing feed ingredients to avoid Ca oversupply and its detrimental effect on P digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed diets that do not contain excess P.
Taste of variety as a rural general surgeon: granular cell tumour of the tongue, a case report
Authors: Laslett Kirby , Reddipogu Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a relatively rare, benign tumour. The cells of a GCT are composed of large polygonal cells containing numerous eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm and are thought to be of neural origin. GCT can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly it is located on the tongue. GCT possess the potential for malignant transformation, and as such should be resected; the risk of malignant transformation is estimated to be 1%–2%. Patients generally do not require routine follow-up following excision with clear margins. Here, we present a case of a GCT of the tongue which had been present for 4 years in an otherwise healthy 35-year-old male. The lesion had been stable in size and appearance, and the patient was asymptomatic. An incision biopsy of the lesion revealed findings consistent with a GCT, and the patient underwent a wide local excision shortly after incision biopsy.
The creation of a massive UCD by tidal threshing from NGC 936
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Duc Pierre-Alain , Lim Sungsoon , Poulain Mélina , Marleau Francine R , Müller Oliver , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Habas Rebecca , Durrell Patrick R , Heesters Nick , Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We study a compact nucleus embedded in an early-type dwarf galaxy, MATLAS-167, which is in the process of disruption by the tidal force of the neighbouring giant S0 galaxy, NGC 936, in a group environment. Using the imaging data of the MATLAS survey, we analyse the stellar tidal tail of MATLAS-167 and its central compact nucleus, designated as NGC 936_UCD. We find that NGC 936_UCD has a luminosity of Mg = −11.43 ± 0.01 mag and a size of 66.5 ± 17 pc, sharing the global properties of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) but significantly larger and brighter compared to the typical UCD populations observed in the Virgo cluster. By integrating the total luminosity of both the tidal stream and MATLAS-167, we estimate that the disrupted dwarf progenitor possesses a luminosity of Mg = −15.92 ± 0.06 mag, a typical bright early-type dwarf galaxy luminosity. With the help of the optical spectrum observed by the SDSS survey, we derive the simple stellar population properties of NGC 936_UCD: a light-weighted age of 5.6 ± 0.7 Gyr and metallicity of [Z/H] = −0.83 ± 0.3 dex. Our findings suggest that tidal threshing is a possible formation mechanism of bright UCD populations in close proximity to giant galaxies.
New Evolutionary Insights into RpoA: A Novel Quorum Sensing Reprograming Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Liao Huimin , Lu Mingqi , Zhou Xiangting , Cheng Xiaoyan , Staehelin Christian , Dai Weijun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quorum-sensing (QS) coordinates the expression of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen known for causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients. QS has a master regulator, the lasR gene, but in clinical settings, P. aeruginosa isolates have been found that are QS-active but LasR-null. In this study, we developed an experimental evolutionary approach to identify additional QS-reprogramming determinants. We began the study with a LasR-null mutant with an extra copy of mexT, a transcriptional regulator gene that is known to be able to reprogram QS in laboratory LasR-null strains. In this strain, spontaneous single mexT mutations are expected to have no or little phenotypic consequences. Using this novel method, which we have named “targeted gene duplication followed by mutant screening”, we identified QS-active revertants with mutations in genes other than mexT. One QS-active revertant had a point mutation in rpoA, a gene encoding the α-subunit of RNA polymerase. QS activation in this mutant was found to be associated with the downregulated expression of mexEF-oprN efflux pump genes. Our study therefore uncovers a new functional role for RpoA in regulating QS activity. Our results indicate that a RpoA-dependent regulatory circuit controlling the expression of the mexEF-oprN operon is critical for QS-reprogramming. In conclusion, our study reports on the identification of non-MexT proteins associated with QS-reprogramming in a laboratory strain, shedding light on possible QS activation mechanisms in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates.
Intra- vs. Interhost Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Driven by Uncorrelated Selection—The Evolution Thwarted
Authors: Hou Mei , Shi Jingrong , Gong Zanke , Wen Haijun , Lan Yun , Deng Xizi , Fan Qinghong , Li Jiaojiao , Jiang Mengling , Tang Xiaoping , Wu Chung-I , Li Feng , Ruan Yongsen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In viral evolution, a new mutation has to proliferate within the host (Stage I) in order to be transmitted and then compete in the host population (Stage II). We now analyze the intrahost single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) in a set of 79 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with most transmissions tracked. Here, every mutation has two measures: 1) iSNV frequency within each individual host in Stage I; 2) occurrence among individuals ranging from 1 (private), 2–78 (public), to 79 (global) occurrences in Stage II. In Stage I, a small fraction of nonsynonymous iSNVs are sufficiently advantageous to rise to a high frequency, often 100%. However, such iSNVs usually fail to become public mutations. Thus, the selective forces in the two stages of evolution are uncorrelated and, possibly, antagonistic. For that reason, successful mutants, including many variants of concern, have to avoid being eliminated in Stage I when they first emerge. As a result, they may not have the transmission advantage to outcompete the dominant strains and, hence, are rare in the host population. Few of them could manage to slowly accumulate advantageous mutations to compete in Stage II. When they do, they would appear suddenly as in each of the six successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 strains. In conclusion, Stage I evolution, the gate-keeper, may contravene the long-term viral evolution and should be heeded in viral studies.
Evolution and implementation of radiographic response criteria in neuro-oncology
Authors: Ramakrishnan Divya , von Reppert Marc , Krycia Mark , Sala Matthew , Mueller Sabine , Aneja Sanjay , Nabavizadeh Ali , Galldiks Norbert , Lohmann Philipp , Raji Cyrus , Ikuta Ichiro , Memon Fatima , Weinberg Brent D , Aboian Mariam S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Radiographic response assessment in neuro-oncology is critical in clinical practice and trials. Conventional criteria, such as the MacDonald and response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria, rely on bidimensional (2D) measurements of a single tumor cross-section. Although RANO criteria are established for response assessment in clinical trials, there is a critical need to address the complexity of brain tumor treatment response with multiple new approaches being proposed. These include volumetric analysis of tumor compartments, structured MRI reporting systems like the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System, and standardized approaches to advanced imaging techniques to distinguish tumor response from treatment effects. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of different neuro-oncology response criteria and summarize current research findings on the role of novel response methods in neuro-oncology clinical trials and practice.
Learning to Prioritize Our Collaborative Opportunities: Overcoming the Bright Shiny Object Syndrome
Authors: Brownson Ross C. , Adams Danielle R. , Anyane-Yeboa Adjoa , Powell Byron J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are multiple opportunities to participate in team science, leading to long-term benefits (eg, research impact, novelty, productivity). Scholars are not well-trained in how to choose among these opportunities, often learning via trial and error. The ability to navigate collaborations is framed by several principles and considerations: (1) locus of control (what control we have over our own behavior) and how it affects academic job satisfaction; (2) the scarcity mindset that may manifest as a result of the fear of missing future opportunities; and (3) power dynamics and inequities (eg, among women and racial/ethnic minority individuals). To provide a more systematic approach to weighing academic opportunities, the authors offer 30 questions across six overlapping domains. The domains include: the big picture (eg, Is the opportunity a building block for your career?), context (eg, How much do you have on your plate?), person (eg, Who is asking?), team (eg, Is the team productive?), role (eg, Will you lead or assist?), and outcomes (eg, Might the opportunity lead to publications and/or grants?). We offer advice for decision-making. For example, when presented with an opportunity involving a significant time commitment, it is useful to allow at least 24 hours before deciding. The authors offer advice and sample language for communicating your decision. Although every situation is different, there are several fundamental issues and questions to consider when one is presented with a new opportunity—these questions are suggested for mentors and mentees.
The Prognostic and Functional Impact of Sprouty 2 Expression in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Acikgoz Yusuf , Yildirim Fatma Unal , Esen Selin Akturk , Ucar Gokhan , Ergun Yakup , Bal Oznur , Dogan Mutlu , Uncu Dogan 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
We represent Sprouty 2 (Spry2) expression analysis and its association with key driver mutations and clinical features of patients with non–small cell lung cancer as the largest ex vivo data.

Methods:
The strength of Spry2 expression was evaluated using the immunoreactivity score (IRS), which was calculated using the following formula: IRS=(staining intensity score) SI×(percentage of positively stained cells) PP. The median IRS score was defined as the cutoff value. Patients were grouped as “weak immunoreactivity score” (IRS: 0 to 4) or “strong immunoreactivity score” (IRS: ≥4) with respect to the IRS score.

Results:
The intensity and percentage of Spry2 staining were significantly lower in tumor tissues than in normal lung tissues (P<0.0001). Patients’ characteristics were similar for both groups, except for smoking status and, brain and lymph node metastasis. Overall survival of patients with a strong immunoreactivity score was significantly lower than those with a weak immunoreactivity score among metastatic patients (6.9 mo vs. 13.6, P=0.023) and adenocarcinoma histology (7.0 mo vs. not reached, P=0.003).

Conclusion:
Spry2 expression was lower in tumor tissues than in normal lung parenchyma. Increased expression of Spry2 is associated with poor prognosis. There were no significant associations between epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, or c-ros oncogene 1 rearrangement and Spry2 expression. Despite the absence of KRAS mutational analysis, the clinical and epidemiological features of patients suggested that KRAS mutation might be an underlying determinant factor of the functional role of Spry2 in non–small cell lung cancer.
Improving alcohol treatment engagement using integrated behavioral interventions in alcohol-associated liver disease: A randomized pilot trial
Authors: Mellinger Jessica L. , Medley Sarah , Kidwell Kelley M. , Asefah Haila , Winder G. Scott , Fernandez Anne C. , Lok Anna S. F. , Blow Fred 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Alcohol cessation improves mortality in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), but few ALD patients will engage in treatment. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health intervention to increase alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment among ALD patients.

Methods:
We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (September 2020 to June 2022) at a single tertiary care center in adults with any stage of ALD, past 6-month drinking, and no past-month AUD treatment. Sixty participants were randomized 1:1 to a mobile health application designed to increase AUD treatment engagement through preference elicitation and matching to treatment and misconception correction. Controls received enhanced usual care. The primary outcomes were feasibility (recruitment and retention rates) and acceptability. Exploratory outcomes were AUD treatment engagement and alcohol use, measured by Timeline Followback. Outcomes were measured at 3 and 6 months.

Results:
Baseline characteristics were balanced. The recruitment rate was 46%. Retention was 65% at 6 months. The intervention was highly acceptable to participants (91% were mostly/very satisfied; 95% felt that the intervention matched them well to AUD treatment). Secondary outcomes showed increased AUD treatment at 6 months in the intervention group (intent-to-treat: 27.3% vs. 13.3%, OR 2.3, 95% CI, 0.61–8.76). There was a trend toward a 1-level or greater reduction in World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk levels in the intervention group (OR 2.25, 95% CI, 0.51–9.97).

Conclusions:
A mobile health intervention for AUD treatment engagement was highly feasible, acceptable, and produced promising early outcomes, with improved AUD treatment engagement and alcohol reduction in ALD patients.
Region-specific protection effect of preoperative oral antibiotics combined with mechanical bowel preparation before laparoscopic colorectal resection: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lei Purun , Jia Guiru , Yang Xiaofeng , Ruan Ying , Wei Bo , Chen Tufeng 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Oral antibiotics (OA) combined with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) significantly decrease the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs). However, the prophylactic effects in region-specific colorectal surgery have not been assessed.

Materials and methods:
A single-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted from 2019 to 2022. Patients were eligible if they were diagnosed with nonmetastatic colorectal malignancy, and laparoscopic colorectal surgery was indicated. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to the experimental (OA+MBP preparation) or control group (MBP preparation). The randomization was further stratified by resected region. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSIs. Patients were followed up for 1 month postoperatively, and all complications were recorded.

Result:
Between 2019 and 2022, 157 and 152 patients were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively, after 51 patients were excluded. The incidence of SSIs in the control group (27/152) was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (13/157; P=0.013), as was the incidence of superficial SSIs (5/157 vs. 14/152, P=0.027) and deep SSIs (7/157 vs. 16/152, P=0.042). After redistribution according to the resected region, the incidence of SSIs was significantly higher in the control group with left-sided colorectal resection (descending, sigmoid colon, and rectum) (9/115 vs. 20/111, P=0.022) but was similar between the groups with right-sided colon resection (ascending colon) (3/37 vs. 7/36, P=0.286). No differences were noted between the groups in terms of other perioperative complications.

Conclusion:
OA+MBP before colorectal surgery significantly reduced the incidence of SSIs. Such a prophylactic effect was particularly significant for left-sided resection. This preparation mode should be routinely adopted before elective left-region colorectal surgeries.
Safety of Home Discharge With a Chest Tube After Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Complicated by Persistent Airleak
Authors: Mahajan Amit “Bobby” , Bari Mahwish , Collar Nancy , Chakravorty Shourjo , Duong Duy K. , Suzuki Kei , Patel Priya P. , Weyant Michael J. , Hogarth Douglas K. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The incidence of pneumothorax after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using Zephyr (Pulmonx Corporation) endobronchial valves is ~26%. Many patients who develop a postprocedural pneumothorax require chest tube placement. If a persistent airleak is present, patients tolerating waterseal can be discharged home with a mini-atrium with a low risk of empyema.

Methods:
Data were collected on patients from the Epic (Epic System Corporation) electronic medical record between July 2019 and November 2022. Our retrospective study reviewed a total of 102 BLVR procedures. Twenty-six of these procedures were complicated by a pneumothorax post-BLVR (25%). After 24 procedures, patients were discharged home with a chest tube after a persistent airleak. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of intrapleural infection in this population. The secondary endpoint was the average length of time the chest tube was in place until outpatient removal.

Results:
Out of the 24 discharge events, 2 events (8.3%) were complicated by an intrapleural infection before chest tube removal. The average number of days requiring a chest tube until outpatient removal was 16.9 days, which is similar to the duration observed in patients discharged home with a chest tube after lung volume reduction surgery.

Conclusion:
Discharging patients home with a chest tube after BLVR therapy is safe and may reduce hospital length of stay. Our study shows the incidence of intrapleural infection after home discharge with a chest tube after BLVR is low.
Partnering and Programming for a Black, Indigenous, and People of Color Sexual and Gender Minority Pathway to HIV Research
Authors: Dācus Jagadīśa-devaśrī , Wood Christine V. , Ward Dafina 
Published: September 2023

Background:
There is an urgent need to conduct innovative research on the health needs of populations whose intersecting identities, such as being Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) and sexual and gender identity (SGM) persons, put them at greater risk of HIV infection. More so, as important as it is to train on the best practices, it is as important to train aspiring BIPOC SGM scholars in intersectional HIV science so that they can address the HIV-related issues of BIPOC SGM populations.

Methods:
In line with guidelines to increase diversity in the HIV workforce, we sought to (1) solidify the interest of BIPOC SGM trainees engaging in intersectional HIV science by piloting a 2-week Summer Intensive Program, (2) leverage the relationships and resources of our community partner to enhance our recruitment from HBCUs and MSIs, and (3) identify opportunities for postprogram training and mentoring activities.

Results:
Our data suggest that participants gained a great deal from the instructional sessions. Participants commented on the quality of the sessions, effectiveness of the instructional faculty, and a confirmed interest in HIV science.

Conclusions:
We succeeded in promoting interest in and commitment to HIV science among early career BIPOC SGM scholars. An instructional program of this intensity is best suited to those with some experience in graduate school and existing interest in HIV science. As a program serving multiply minoritized populations, clarification of host institution policies and procedures, as well as administrative support, are essential for ensuring a smooth experience for scholars visiting from outside institutions.
Solitary Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis From Bladder Cancer Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Deng Yan , Deng Yujiao , Wang Hao , Xie Hongjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solitary axillary lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer is rare. A 65-year-old woman with a history of bladder urothelial carcinoma presented to our hospital with an axillary mass. No abnormal lesion in FDG PET/CT was identified except a solitary soft tissue mass with significant FDG uptake in the right axilla. Puncture pathology of the mass confirmed the metastasis of differentiated urothelial carcinoma.
Mesenteric Castleman Disease Misdiagnosed as Lymph Node Metastasis of Rectal Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Meixi , Zhou Jiaolin , Zhu Wenjia , Huo Li , Cheng Wuying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Two years ago, a 64-year-old man underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging rectal cancer. Besides the hypermetabolic rectal lesion, the image revealed a mesenteric lymph node with intense activity and multiple lung nodules with slight FDG uptake, which were highly suspected of metastases. After surgery and multiple cycles of chemotherapy, the follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT showed remission of all lesions except for the enlarged mesenteric lymph node with higher metabolic activity. Serum CEA remained normal during the follow-up. Postoperative pathology of the mesenteric lymph node confirmed Castleman disease.