bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime, Consumption, and Choice: On the Interchangeability of Licit and Illicit Income
Authors: Nguyen Holly , Loughran Thomas A. , Topalli Volkan 
Published: February 2023

We examine the rational assumption of the interchangeability of legal and illegal monies. Drawing from economics, behavioral economics, and sociology we answer two main research questions: (1) Do offenders perceive money earned across various income-generating activities (legal vs. illegal) in the same way? (2) How do consumption patterns (spending and saving) differ across various forms of income-generating activities? We use an a priori mixed methods approach with two interrelated studies; a quantitative survey of incarcerated offenders (N  =  58) and a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews from four separate previous research projects (N  =  107). We find evidence for the existence of differential consumption patterns based on quantitative and qualitative data from both incarcerated and active offenders regarding their patterns of spending legal and illegal money. Our findings have implications for choice theories of crime, for public policy approaches to poverty, and crime prevention interventions.
Syphilis and dentists: The data about knowledge and awareness of clinicians in Turkey
Authors: Meseli Suleyman E , Pelit Suleyman 
Published: February 2023

Background: Syphilis may give pathognomonic signs in oral cavity. In order to emerge an awareness about dentists’ role in syphilis management, it was aimed to obtain the data from them about their knowledge. Methods: This survey-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 709 dentists practicing in Turkey. Participants answered 16 statements about syphilis “Transmission Routes,” “Extra-oral Clinical Features,” “Oral Findings,” and “Diagnosis & Treatment” with options yes/no/I do not know. Moreover, they responded to two 5-point Likert type questions about their comfort level and frequency of taking sexual anamnesis. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05. Results: The mean age (years) and female/male ratio of the participants were 35.7 ± 10.2 and 449/260, respectively. The average of the correct answers in the survey was 10.38 ± 3.3. “Transmission Routes” had the highest ratio (50.6%) in terms of all questions in a single category that were answered correctly among groups. Dentists practicing at faculties had the highest number of correct answers ( p = .003). The total number of correct answers and the number of correct answers in each category were positively related to both the level of comfort and the frequency of taking patient’s sexual anamnesis (Oral Findings p = .002; others p ≤ .001). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that dentists practicing in Turkey lack a significant level of knowledge about syphilis. This highlights the need for further training and education programs for dentists in Turkey.
Stop Consonant Production in Children with Cleft Palate After Palatoplasty
Authors: Hardin-Jones Mary , Chapman Kathy L. , Heimbaugh Libby , Dahill Ann E. , Cummings Caitlin , Baylis Adriane , Hatch Pollard Sarah ,   On behalf of the Cleft Outcomes Research NETwork (CORNET) Consortium
Published: February 2023

: The current study examined stop consonant production in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CP ± L) 2-6 months following palatal surgery. : Prospective comparative study. : Multisite institutional. : Participants included 113 children with repaired CP ± L (mean age = 16 months) who were participating in the multicenter CORNET study. Parents of participants were asked to record approximately two hours of their child's vocalizations/words at home using a Language ENvironmental Analysis (LENATM) recorder. Four ten-minute audio-recorded samples of vocalizations were extracted from the original recording for each participant and analyzed for presence of oral stop consonants. A minimum of 100 vocalizations were required for analysis. : Preliminary findings indicate that at least one oral stop was evident in the consonant inventory for 95 of the 113 children (84%) at the time of their post-surgery 16-month recording, and 80 of these children (71%) were producing two or more different stops. Approximately 50% of the children (57/113) produced the three voiced stops, and eight of the children (7%) were producing all six stop consonants. : The findings of this study suggest that the majority of children with repaired CP ± L from English-speaking homes are producing oral stops within six months following palatal surgery. Similar to same-age children without CL ± P, voiced stops were more frequently evident in the children's inventories than voiceless stops. In contrast to findings of previous reports suggesting place of articulation differences, a somewhat comparable percentage of children in this study produced voiced bilabial, alveolar, and velar stops.
Concentrations of glucose metabolites in the aqueous humour of diabetic cataract eyes
Authors: Ren Ruoxin , Zhang Guo-Wei , Yang Wen-Yu , Xie Yi , Wei Miao , Guan Huai-Jin , Ji Min 
Published: February 2023

Purpose Glucose metabolism underpins diabetic cataracts (DCs), but the relationship between the two remains unclear. Here, we tested the aqueous humour (AH) of patients with DCs to elucidate glucose metabolite levels. Methods In this study, aqueous humour (AH) samples were collected preoperatively from DC eyes (n = 37) and age-related cataract eyes (n = 37) from 74 patients (74 eyes) undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery. The content of glucose, pyruvate, L-lactate were detected by biochemical methods and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was detemined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Furthermore, the ratios of glucose/pyruvate and L-lactate/pyruvate in the AH were calculated. In addition, we calculated the correlation between glucose levels and AGEs in the AH. Results The concentrations of glucose, pyruvate and AGEs in the DC group were higher than those in the control group. Significantly lower levels of L-lactate in the AH were found in the DC group. We calculated the glucose/pyruvate ratio and the L-lactate/pyruvate ratio in the AH, which showed that glucose metabolism was changed in the AH from DC patients. Interestingly, we observed that AGEs in the AH were significantly correlated with increased anterior chamber glucose permeability. A stronger correlation was found in the subgroups of male patients, younger patients, and patients with poor glycaemic control status. Conclusions Comparison of the levels of glucose metabolism-related products in the AH in the DC group highlight a potential pathological mechanism for DC from a glucose metabolism perspective. The findings indicated an alteration in the metabolic pathways of energy metabolism and amino acids in the AH of DC patients.
Effectiveness of c-TACE Combined With Sorafenib Versus c-TACE Monotherapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Han Yunwei , Zhang Zhihong , Wu Fei 
Published: February 2023

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has insidious onset. Most HCC patients are in advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis, and the treatment response is poor. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (c-TACE) combined with sorafenib versus c-TACE monotherapy in the treatment of advanced HCC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with advanced HCC (stage C based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system) admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from December 9, 2013, to February 25, 2021. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were finally included, including 60 patients in the c-TACE group and 60 patients in c-TACE + sorafenib group. There were no statistically significant differences in general data between the 2 groups before treatment. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the 2 groups, and prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional risk model. Results: The study found that median PFS was 7.37 months in the c-TACE + sorafenib group and 5.97 months in c-TACE group, a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5.239, P = .022 < .05). The median OS was 22.9 months in the combination group and 12.1 months in c-TACE monotherapy group, also a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5.848, P = .016 < .05). The Cox proportional risk model found that c-TACE number and presence of ascites were common risk factors among patients in both groups ( P < .05). Conclusion: c-TACE + sorafenib was superior to c-TACE alone in the treatment of advanced HCC and yielded significant improvements in PFS and OS in our study. The number of c-TACE and presence of ascites were common risk factors affecting the survival of patients in the 2 groups.
Memories of nursing in Singapore – an oral history approach
Authors: Hoon Lim Siew , Aloweni Fazila , Ang Shin Yuh , Ayre Tracy Carol , Uthaman Thendral , Hassan Norasyikin , Lee Kim Hua , Teo Lee Wah , Ngoh Soh Heng , Chua Ying Jie , Chen Ling-Jun , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: February 2023

Background: Documentation of the voices of nurses provided valuable insight and a greater understanding of the nursing experience in Singapore. Aim: To record nurses’ experiences of journey of nursing profession in the acute care setting in Singapore from the early days of formalisation of nursing education to today’s practice as a profession with various specialisation and career tracks. Method: An oral history research approach was adopted, with purposive and snowball sampling to recruit nurses (both current and retired) who had trained in Singapore from 1956 which marked the beginning of the founding of the School of Nursing to current. Interviews were conducted with an interview guide. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the audio-recorded data. Results: The 54 participants with a range of 10–54 years of nursing experience were interviewed and they completed their nursing training between 1952 and 2006. Four themes were generated: essence of nursing, inevitable changes across nursing profession, resilience and future outlook in nursing. Conclusions: Understanding the experiences of these nurses generated an in-depth understanding of the personal, social and historical events that were at play in fostering today’s nursing practice. With the evolution of the roles in nursing, compassion in current practice needs to be re-evaluated. Continuous learning is essential to meet the needs of the changing healthcare landscape.
Nurses’ assessment of the ethical climate of a university hospital in the South of Brazil
Authors: Carpes Lanes Taís , de Lima Dalmolin Graziele , Maciel da Silva Augusto , Costa Schutz Thaís , Bosi de Souza Magnago Tânia Solange , Andolhe Rafaela 
Published: February 2023

Background: Ethical climate can be defined as the healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the ethical treatment of healthcare issues and human interactions in their work environment. A number of studies on ethical climate are being carried out in several countries. In Brazil, however, research on the matter is still incipient, especially among hospital nurses. Aim: To assess nurses’ perception of the ethical climate in a university hospital in the South of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 269 nurses from a university hospital, using a sociodemographic and occupational profiling survey and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey – Brazilian version. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics. Results: The nurses’ perception of the ethical climate was positive (3.68 ± 0.55). Among the five assessment factors, ‘peers’ had the highest score (4.07 ± 0.57), whereas ‘physicians’ had the lowest score (3.26 ± 0.70) for ethical climate. Conclusion: In general, the ethical climate was perceived as positive, with small variations between the factors of the instrument. Ethical climate could be enhanced through strategies that encourage interpersonal relationships. This study shows the importance of a positive ethical climate based on good relationships between healthcare professionals for ensuring better care.
Characteristics of ulnar neuropathy in baseball players: Focusing on the entrapment point of the ulnar nerve and valgus instability
Authors: Noda Issei , Fukumoto Yusuke , Kitano Masashi , Kudo Shintarou 
Published: February 2023

Background The region where the ulnar nerve (UN) is swollen in baseball players with ulnar neuropathy is not apparent. This study investigated the UN's cross-sectional area (CSA) at each entrapment point in baseball players. We also aimed to clarify the relationship between valgus instability and the CSA of the UN. Methods Forty baseball players were separated into healthy and ulnar neuropathy groups. The CSA and valgus instability were measured using ultrasonography (US). Relative to the medial epicondyle (MEC), the arcade of Struthers (SA) was 5 cm proximal, the cubital tunnel was the posterior part, and Osborne's ligament was defined as 3 cm distal. The ulnohumeral joint space was imaged as a low-echo space between the distal-medial corner of the trochlea and the proximal edge of the sublime tubercle. Results The UN in the ulnar neuropathy group had significant swelling in the cubital tunnel and Osborne's ligament. We found a weak positive correlation between the CSA and ulnohumeral joint space, and the ulnohumeral joint space at rest and valgus stress. Conclusion Evaluation and treatment of UN, especially cubital tunnel and Osborne's ligament, are necessary for the rehabilitation of baseball players presenting with ulnar neuropathy and valgus instability.
South Korea’s Detent with Soviet Russia: Building Diplomatic Relationship through Science and Technology Diplomacy, 1988–1998
Authors: Moon Manyong 
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the highs and lows of Russian-South Korean collaboration in science and technology (S&T) during the first 10 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries (1988–1998). S&T collaboration served as a path to improve diplomacy in the absence of prior interaction and offered an opportunity for both countries to collaborate in their pursuit of technological advancement and economic growth. However, the history of this collaboration has been largely forgotten. The paper investigates the reasons for the decline of Russian-South Korean S&T collaboration and identifies potential obstacles to establishing a lasting and stable bilateral partnership in the field of science and technology.
Role for calcineurin inhibitor in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Teruel Benjamin R , Bruner Evelyn T , McMahon Blaithin A 
Published: February 2023

Background: As the use and indications of anti-angiogenic therapies such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKI’s) continues to expand, clinicians will be faced with an increase in adverse kidney events associated with these therapies. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are well recognized kidney pathologies identified in patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapy. Options to treat the nephrotoxicity induced by these agents include discontinuation or dose reduction of the anti-angiogenic therapy or change to alternative agent within the same class of drug. Case presentation: We describe the case of a 74-year-old Caucasian man with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma who developed proteinuria and peripheral edema following treatment with Lenvatinib, 20 mg. Kidney biopsy revealed FSGS. Partial resolution of proteinuria (>1.0 g/g) was achieved via temporary discontinuation of Lenvatinib and treatment with oral prednisone. Subsequently, tumor burden increased off Lenvatinib and a collective decision was made to resume this medication at a lower dose. Proteinuria then increased to nephrotic range (>4.0 g/g) following resumption of Lenvatinib, 14 mg. Over the next 3 months the patient went into a complete clinical remission of his nephrotic syndrome following administration of the calcineurin-inhibitor, tacrolimus and permitted ongoing concurrent use of Lenvatinib. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates that low-dose calcineurin inhibitors may have efficacy as a second-line treatment in instances of TKI-induced FSGS. Further studies must be conducted to determine the protective mechanisms of tacrolimus on podocytes from TKIs, however, we hypothesize that calcineurin inhibitors may protect podocytes via downregulation of c-mip, which is overexpressed in the presence of VEGF inhibition and contributes to podocyte cytoskeleton remodeling and subsequent proteinuria.
A predictive model for acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Karayama Masato , Aoshima Yoichiro , Suzuki Takahito , Mori Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Nobuko , Ichikawa Shintaro , Kato Shinpei , Yokomura Koshi , Kono Masato , Hashimoto Dai , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Goshima Satoshi , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundAcute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (AE-IIPs) induces permanent pulmonary dysfunction and is potentially lethal. The unpredictable occurrence of AE-IIPs remains an important clinical issue in the management of IIPs.MethodsIn this multicentre, retrospective, observational study, a predictive score for AE-IIPs was designed using clinical factors based on multivariate Fine–Gray analysis in patients with IIPs.ResultsBased on multivariate Fine–Gray analysis in an exploratory cohort of 487 patients with IIPs, the predictive score for AE-IIPs was determined as follows: 1 point each was added for honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography (H), age >75 years (A) and lactate dehydrogenase level >222 U·L−1(L); the total score ranged from 0 to 3 (HAL score). The HAL score discriminated the risk of AE-IIPs with a C-index of 0.62 (95% CI 0.56–0.67); this discrimination was verified in a validation cohort of 402 patients with IIPs with a C-index of 0.67 (95% CI 0.60–0.73). In a combined cohort, the estimated cumulative risks for AE-IIPs at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years were 1.9%, 3.5%, 5.1%, 7.7% and 12.9%, respectively, in the total score 0 group; 4.7%, 8.3%, 12.0%, 17.7% and 28.4%, respectively, in the total score 1 group; and 8.0%, 14.2%, 19.7%, 28.7% and 43.0%, respectively, in the total score ≥2 group. Subgroup analysis revealed that the HAL score was applicable to patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.ConclusionsThe HAL score discriminated the risk of AE-IIPs and could aid in the management of IIPs.
Functional respiratory complaints among COVID-19 survivors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Beurnier Antoine , Savale Laurent , Jaïs Xavier , Colle Romain , Pham Tai , Morin Luc , Bulifon Sophie , Noël Nicolas , Boucly Athénaïs , Delbarre Benoit , Ebstein Nathan , Figueiredo Samy , Gasnier Matthieu , Harrois Anatole , Jutant Etienne-Marie , Jevnikar Mitja , Keddache Sophia , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Meyrignac Olivier , Parent Florence , Pichon Jérémie , Preda Mariana , Roche Anne , Seferian Andrei , Bellin Marie-France , Gille Thomas , Corruble Emmanuelle , Sitbon Olivier , Becquemont Laurent , Monnet Xavier , Humbert Marc , Montani David ,   and the Comebac Investigators,   the Comebac Investigators, Morin Luc , Savale Laurent , Pham Tài , Colle Romain , Figueiredo Samy , Harrois Anatole , Gasnier Matthieu , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Meyrignac Olivier , Noel Nicolas , Baudry Elodie , Bellin Marie-France , Beurnier Antoine , Choucha Walid , Corruble Emmanuelle , Dortet Laurent , Hardy-Leger Isabelle , Radiguer François , Sportouch Sabine , Verny Christiane , Wyplosz Benjamin , Zaidan Mohamad , Becquemont Laurent , Montani David , Monnet Xavier 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundDyspnoea is a common persistent symptom after COVID-19. Whether it is associated with functional respiratory disorders remains unclear.MethodsWe assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients with “functional respiratory complaints” (FRCs) (as defined by Nijmegen Questionnaire >22) among 177 post-COVID-19 individuals who benefited from outclinic evaluation in the COMEBAC study (i.e., symptomatic and/or intensive care unit (ICU) survivors at 4 months). In a distinct explanatory cohort of 21 consecutive individuals with unexplained post-COVID-19 dyspnoea after routine tests, we also analysed the physiological responses to incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).FindingsIn the COMEBAC cohort, 37 patients had significant FRCs (20.9%, IC95: 14.9–26.9). The prevalence of FRCs ranged from 7.2% (ICU patients) to 37.5% (non-ICU patients). The presence of FRCs was significantly associated with more severe dyspnoea, lower 6-min walk distance, more frequent psychological and neurological symptoms (cognitive complaint, anxiety, depression, insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorders) and poorer quality of life (all p<0.01). In the explanatory cohort, seven out of 21 patients had significant FRCs. Based on CPET, dysfunctional breathing was identified in 12 out of 21 patients, five out of 21 had normal CPET, three out of 21 had deconditioning and one out of 21 had evidence of uncontrolled cardiovascular disease.InterpretationFRCs are common during post-COVID-19 follow-up, especially among patients with unexplained dyspnoea. Diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing should be considered in those cases.
Quantitative computed tomography and visual emphysema scores: association with lung function decline
Authors: Koo Meghan C. , Tan Wan C. , Hogg Jim C. , Bourbeau Jean , Hague Cameron J. , Leipsic Jonathon A. , Kirby Miranda 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) visual emphysema score is a better predictor of mortality than single quantitative CT emphysema measurements in COPD, but there are numerous CT measurements that reflect COPD-related disease features. The purpose of this study was to determine if linear combinations of quantitative CT measurements by principal component analysis (PCA) have a greater association with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) lower limit of normal (LLN) annualised change (ΔFEV1) than visual emphysema score in COPD.MethodsIn this retrospective, longitudinal study, demographic, spirometry and CT images were acquired. CT visual emphysema score and quantitative analysis were performed; low attenuation area <950 HU (LAA950) and 12 other quantitative CT measurements were investigated. PCA was used for CT feature extraction. Multiple linear regression models for baseline FEV1LLN and 6-year ΔFEV1were used to determine associations with visual emphysema score and CT measurements. A total of 725 participants were analysed (n=299 never-smokers, n=242 at-risk and n=184 COPD).ResultsQuantitative CT measures (LAA950and PCA components) were independently statistically significant (p<0.05) in predicting baseline FEV1LLN, whereas visual emphysema score was not statistically significant in any baseline model. When predicting 6-year ΔFEV1, only visual emphysema score was significant (p<0.05) in models with LAA950and PCA combination of emphysema measurements. In the model with PCA using all CT measurements predicting 6-year ΔFEV1, visual emphysema score (p=0.021) along with one PCA component (p=0.004) were statistically significant.ConclusionsPCA with a combination of CT measurements reflecting several different COPD-related disease features independently predicted baseline lung function and increased the relative importance of quantitative CT compared with visual emphysema score for predicting lung function decline.