bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non–REM Sleep Parasomnias
Authors: Spector Andrew R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Non–rapid eye movement (non-REM) parasomnias are common across the lifespan. This article describes the manifestations, diagnosis, and management of non-REM parasomnias in adults and discusses the social implications of these conditions.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Non-REM parasomnias represent a hybrid state of wakefulness and sleep, often triggered by events that increase the frequency of arousals or make it more difficult to fully arouse from sleep. Sleep deprivation, certain medications, and untreated obstructive sleep apnea are known to provoke parasomnias, particularly in those who are genetically predisposed. Non-REM parasomnias include disorders of arousal (ie, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals), sleep-related eating disorder, and exploding head syndrome. Clinical overlap exists between sleep-related eating disorder and disorders of arousal, suggesting that sleep-related eating disorder may be a fourth disorder of arousal or a manifestation of sleepwalking. Exploding head syndrome is a unique parasomnia of uncertain etiology.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Non-REM parasomnias can range from minor nuisances to severe, life-altering events. While some patients with non-REM parasomnia experience significant consequences during sleep, wakefulness, or both, non-REM parasomnias do not pose a major risk to most patients. For all patients with non-REM parasomnias, safety should be explicitly discussed and addressed. Nonpharmacologic treatment should be prioritized, as increasing total sleep time, avoiding triggering substances, and treating comorbid sleep disorders is often sufficient for the management of non-REM parasomnias. If symptoms persist despite these interventions, treatment with clonazepam or other medications can be considered.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Johnson Karin G. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-disordered breathing. This article describes advances in the diagnosis, testing, treatment, and monitoring of OSA.

Latest Developments
Home sleep apnea testing and in-laboratory polysomnography are the most commonly used diagnostic tools in the identification and monitoring of OSA, but new methods for diagnosis and at-home monitoring of treatment response are being developed and validated. While the apnea-hypopnea index is regularly used to define OSA severity, recognition is increasing of its inability to risk-stratify patients. Other sleep study data including arousal threshold, hypoxic burden, and pulse rate variability as well as clinical characteristics can help with risk stratification. The most effective treatment is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which can be limited by adherence and tolerance in some patients. Newer masks and comfort features including heated tubing and expiratory pressure relief may improve tolerance to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Additional treatment options include other PAP modalities, mandibular advancement devices, tongue stimulation therapy, negative inspiratory pressure, nasal expiratory pressure valves, nasal congestion treatments, upper airway surgeries including hypoglossal nerve stimulation, and medications.

Essential Points
OSA is a common disorder that causes sleep and daytime symptoms and increases the risk of neurologic and medical complications. Neurologists should be aware of atypical presentations and understand the diagnostic and treatment options.
Henry Hazlitt Unbound: Pamphlets, Markets, and Economic Education after World War II
Authors: Milazzo Paul Charles 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous scholars have described the American business journalist Henry Hazlitt as “an intellectual middleman for orthodox economics.” This article examines Hazlitt's career during the immediate post–World War II era to flesh out how he performed this intermediary role in a specific historical context. A spotlight on unbound print media demonstrates how they enabled Hazlitt to transmit his ideas about the postwar political economy beyond traditional mainstream venues, extending and animating the reading public. Hazlitt's engagement with pamphlet literature likewise inspired a collaboration with Leonard Read that helped lay the groundwork for the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), the first postwar libertarian think tank. Hazlitt and FEE embarked on a reciprocal relationship during the organization's early years: FEE raised Hazlitt's profile by publicizing and disseminating his influential books Economics in One Lesson (1946) and Will Dollars Save the World? (1947) in pamphlet form, while the organization sought to build its brand by linking itself to the journalist's mainstream credibility. Examining Hazlitt's pamphlet trail in this way reaffirms his popular reach; underscores his unique role as an intellectual, interpersonal, and institutional go-between; and makes a case for his inclusion alongside other key figures in the historiography of the twentieth-century American Right.
Economics as a “Story Engine”: John D. McDonald and Business as Game and Gamble
Authors: Mata Tiago 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
John D. McDonald was a writer and editor best known for his work at Fortune magazine in the 1950s and 1960s and as the ghostwriter of the memoirs of Alfred P. Sloan. McDonald was also the first person to popularize game theory. In this article I argue that game theory played a key role in McDonald's transition from documentary writer to business journalist. Game theory gave McDonald a journalistic device to discover business stories and to give those stories a driving tension; he called it a “story engine.” After decades writing with game theory, it began to serve a different purpose for McDonald. By coding business stories as games, McDonald gained insight into the characters, corporate executives who were often brief in explanations and shallow in self-understanding. McDonald's career gives us a glimpse at an extraordinary transformation of how a set of scholarly ideas can become a literary resource for vividness (of stories) and depth (of characters).
Flawed Players in a Complex Game: Popular Audiovisual Explanations of Economics in the United States
Authors: Davidson Roei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes Money, Explained, a five-episode video series produced by the American explanatory journalism organization Vox and distributed globally by Netflix, as an exemplar of the recent proliferation of digital media content explaining economic issues to a general public. Such content reflects the increased prominence of news-about-relations in economic news coverage, a news form that aims to explain why current trends and events occur while also echoing early twentieth-century corporate pedagogic films and more recent personal finance journalism that instructs audiences on proper capitalist behavior. The Vox series considers several financial topics all centered on economic problems that individuals experience, involving get-rich-quick schemes, gambling, retirement saving, credit cards, and student loans. It focuses on individuals' psychological flaws as a cause for the problems they encounter and suggests that viewers can change their disposition and modify their individual behavior to surmount these problems. The series identifies some aspects of the economic system as unfair but does not consider the capacity of individuals to act collectively to restructure it.
Competitive Distribution of Europium and Samarium Based on Reaction Rate-Limiting Process in Nitrilotriacetamide Extractant-Impregnated Polymer-Coated Silica Particles
Authors: Miyagawa Akihisa , Hayashi Naoki , Iwamoto Hibiki , Arai Tsuyoshi , Nagatomo Shigenori , Miyazaki Yasunori , Hasegawa Kenta , Sano Yuichi , Nakatani Kiyoharu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since in the nuclear fuel cycle, multiple lanthanide and actinide ions are separated by chromatography, understanding the mass transfer mechanism in the solution with multiple ions, which is generally difficult, is important for effective separation. In the present study, we have elucidated the mass transfer mechanism of Eu(III) and Sm(III) in a solution with these ions in single nitrilotriacetamide (NTA) extractant-impregnated polymer-coated silica particles. The rate-limiting process of mass transfer was the reaction of ions with NTA molecules, in which the NO3− ions were not involved, which was consistent with that obtained in a single ion distribution system. In a two-ion distribution system, the competitive reaction of Eu(III) and Sm(III) with NTA molecules was observed. The forward and backward reaction rate constants of Eu(III) and Sm(III) were determined to be $k_{1}^{\text{Eu}}$ = (1.8 ± 0.7) × 102 M−2 s−1 and $k_{ - 1}^{\text{Eu}}$ = (6.1 ± 5.3) × 10−4 s−1, and $k_{1}^{\text{Sm}}$ = (1.9 ± 0.5) × 102 M−2 s−1 and $k_{ - 1}^{\text{Sm}}$ = (5.8 ± 4.6) × 10−4 s−1. The obtained result indicates that in the near future the mass transfers of several ions in the particle can be analyzed with the present method.
Advancing Biomolecule Delivery in Plants: Harnessing Synthetic Nanocarriers to Overcome Multiscale Barriers for Cutting-Edge Plant Bioengineering
Authors: Miyamoto Takaaki , Numata Keiji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The delivery of functional biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, into plants presents a unique opportunity to manipulate plant traits and address challenges related to global food security and environmental issues. However, the current methods of biomolecule delivery in plants face various limitations, such as dependence on specific plant species, low delivery efficiency, and complex procedures. In this context, nanocarriers have emerged as promising systems for biomolecule delivery, harnessing the power of chemistry and nanotechnology to overcome these limitations. They offer new possibilities for plant-related research and have the potential to revolutionize plant bioengineering. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecule delivery within plants. It highlights strategies to overcome the biological barriers encountered in plants and discusses the future directions for nanocarrier design and application, expanding the scope of plant bioengineering.
The Logarithmic Stochastic Tracing Procedure: A Homotopy Method to Compute Stationary Equilibria of Stochastic Games
Authors: Eibelshäuser Steffen , Klockmann Victor , Poensgen David , von Schenk Alicia 
Published: August 2023

We introduce the logarithmic stochastic tracing procedure, a homotopy method to compute stationary equilibria for finite and discounted stochastic games. We build on the linear stochastic tracing procedure but introduce logarithmic penalty terms as a regularization device, which brings two major improvements. First, the scope of the method is extended: it now has a convergence guarantee for all games of this class rather than just generic ones. Second, by ensuring a smooth and interior solution path, computational performance is increased significantly. A ready-to-use implementation is publicly available. As demonstrated here, its speed compares quite favorably to other available algorithms, and it allows us to solve games of considerable size in reasonable times. Because the method involves the gradual transformation of a prior into equilibrium strategies, it is possible to search the prior space and uncover potentially multiple equilibria and their respective basins of attraction. This also connects the method to established theory of equilibrium selection. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Continuous. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0360 .
Postural control telerehabilitation with a low-cost virtual reality protocol for children with cerebral palsy: Protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Gatica-Rojas Valeska , Cartes-Velásquez Ricardo , Soto-Poblete Alex , Lizama Luis Eduardo Cofré 
Published: August 2023

Objective
To establish the feasibility and effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality aimed at improving postural control in children with cerebral palsy—spastic hemiplegia. It also aims to compare the effectiveness of this programme under two delivery modalities, telerehabilitation (TR) and face-to-face (FtF).

Methods
This is a registered randomized controlled clinical trial protocol (ACTRN12621000117819). Eighteen sessions of low-cost virtual reality therapy will be provided through both, FtF and TR modalities using a Nintendo Wii balance board. Each programme will last for 6 weeks and will consist of 3 sessions per week of 25 minutes each. Twenty patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy—spastic hemiplegia will be recruited for each group: FtF or TR (n = 40). Participants will be assessed at baseline, by the end of weeks 2, 4, and 6, and at weeks 8 and 10 (post-intervention follow-ups). The primary outcome will be the Center of Pressure sway area (CoParea); secondary outcomes will be standard deviation and velocity of the CoP in the mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions; tertiary outcomes will include the Modified-Modified Ashworth Scale for lower limbs, Modified Ashworth Scale for upper limbs, timed up-and-go tests, the timed one-leg standing and 6-minute walk test.

Results
This study provides an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of an affordable rehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality aimed at improving postural control in children with cerebral palsy.

Conclusion
The designed rehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality may improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy—spastic hemiplegia. The TR modality is likely to be as effective as the FtF modality. The TR programme has been designed to overcome access barriers to physiotherapy services for children with cerebral palsy in low-resource settings, remote areas, and in restricted mobility contexts.
Correlates of low birth weight and preterm birth in India
Authors: Jana Arup 
Published: August 2023

Background
In the 21st century, India is still struggling to reduce the burden of malnutrition and child mortality, which is much higher than the neighbouring countries such as Nepal and Shri Lanka. Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) predispose early-age growth faltering and premature mortality among children below the age of five. Thus, highlighting the determinants of LBW and PTB is necessary to achieve sustainable development goals.

Objective
The present study provides macro-level estimates of PTB and LBW and aims to highlight the nature of the association between various demographic, socioeconomic, and maternal obstetric variables with these outcomes using a nationally representative dataset.

Methods
Data on 170,253 most recent births from the National Family health survey (NFHS-5) 2019–21 was used for the analysis. The estimates of PTB and LBW are measured by applying sample weights. The correlates of LBW and PTB were analyzed using logistic models.

Results
There were cross-state disparities in the prevalence of PTB and LBW. In India, an estimated 12% and 18% of children were LBW and PTB, respectively, in 2019–21. Maternal obstetric and anthropometric factors such as lack of antenatal care, previous caesarean delivery, and short-stature mothers were associated positively with adverse birth outcomes such as LBW and PTB. However, a few correlates were found to be differently associated with PTB and LBW. Mothers belonging to richer wealth status had higher chances of having a preterm birth (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11–1.20) in comparison to poor mothers. In contrast, the odds of having LBW infants were found to be increased with the decreasing level of the mother’s education and wealth quintile.

Conclusions
In India, PTB and LBW can be improved by strengthening existing ante-natal care services and evaluating the effects of the history of caesarean births on future pregnancies.
Emotion regulation in children (ERiC): A protocol for a randomised clinical trial to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT) vs Treatment as Usual for school-age children with mixed emotional and behavioural difficulties
Authors: Midgley Nick , Mortimer Rose , Carter Mark , Casey Polly , Coffman Lisa , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Edridge Chloe , Fonagy Peter , Gomes Manuel , Kapoor Anoushka , Marks Susannah , Martin Peter , Moltrecht Bettina , Morris Emma , Pokorna Nikola , McFarquhar Tara 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe majority of children referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the UK will present with mixed emotional and behavioural difficulties, but most mental health treatments are developed for single disorders. There is a need for research on treatments that are helpful for these mixed difficulties, especially for school-age children. Emotion Regulation (ER) difficulties present across a wide range of mental health disorders and mentalizing may help with regulation. The ability to mentalize one’s own experiences and those of others plays a key role in coping with stress, regulation of emotions, and the formation of stable relationships. Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT) is a well-evidenced therapy that aims to promote mentalization, which in turn increases ER capacities, leading to decreased emotional and behavioural difficulties. The aim of this study is to test the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of MBT compared to treatment as usual for school age children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. If effective, we hope this approach can become available to the growing number of children presenting to mental health services with a mix of emotional and behavioural difficulties.Materials and methodsChildren referred to CAMHS aged 6–12 with mixed mental health problems (emotional and behavioural) as primary problem can take part with their parent/carers. Children will be randomly allocated to receive either MBT or treatment as usual (TAU) within the CAMHS clinic they have been referred to. MBT will be 6–8 sessions offered fortnightly and can flexibly include different family members. TAU is likely to include CBT, parenting groups, and/or children’s social skills groups. Parent/carers and children will be asked to complete outcome assessments (questionnaires and tasks) online at the start of treatment, mid treatment (8 weeks), end of treatment (16 weeks) and at follow up (40 weeks).Trial registrationClinical trial registration:ISRCTN 11620914.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transgastric Shunt Obliteration for Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Rathi Sahaj , Kalantri Amrita , Shastri Arpit , Shree Ritu , Mahesh Karthik Vinay , Taneja Sunil , Chaluvasetty Sreedhara B. , Bhujade Harish , Verma Nipun , Premkumar Madhumita , De Arka , Kalra Naveen , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Occlusion of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs) in patients with cirrhosis may be required in recurrent or refractory hepatic encephalopathy. We describe a novel method for occlusion of SPSS using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).

METHODS:
EUS-guided transgastric shunt obliteration was performed by injecting glue and coils directly into SPSS.

RESULTS:
EUS-guided transgastric shunt obliteration was performed for 7 patients in 9 sessions. Complete cessation of Doppler flow was achieved in 6/7 cases. Adequate clinical response was observed in 6/7 patients. No procedure-related severe adverse events were seen.

DISCUSSION:
This novel technique is a potentially effective and efficient method for shunt obliteration.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA TEMPORAL KEY INTEGRITY PROTOCOL (TKIP) DENGAN ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES) PADA ENKRIPSI WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS (WPA
Authors: Aryanto Muhammad , Puspitasari Nila Feby , Nugroho M.Agung 
Published: August 2023

Pengaruh perkembangan teknologi membuat kebutuhan jaringan internet menjadi sangat penting dikarenakan dengan penggunaan internet masyarakat dapat mencari segala sesuatu informasi yang dibutuhkan. Dalam penggunaan internet pada jaringan wifi membutuhkan mekanisme keamanan jaringan. Keamanan jaringan wifi terdiri dari beberapa jenis, yaitu diantara nya adalah WEP, WPA, WPA2-PSK. Penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis perbandingan pada algoritma TKIP dan AES yang ada pada jenis keamanan WPA dengan menggunakan metode SPDLC (Security Policy Development Life Cyle) Didalam metode SPDLC terdiri dari identifikasi, analisis, desain, implementasi, audit, dan evaluasi. Implementasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan sebuah tools Aircrack-ng sebagai media dalam melakukan penetrasi terhadap jenis keamanan yang akan di uji. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perbandingan yang dilakukan antara algoritma TKIP dan algoritma AES membuktikan bahwa algoritma AES pada WPA lebih unggul dalam mengamankan jaringan. Maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil pada saat melakukan implementasi perbandingan algoritma TKIP dan AES pada WPA adalah kedua jenis algoritma ini masih dapat dilakukan peretasan. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan dalam menemukan kata sandi memiliki tingkat keberhasilan peretasan yang tinggi yaitu dengan presentase 99,96% dan durasi selama 25 detik. Untuk jenis keamanan WPA dengan algoritma AES sedikit lebih aman meskipun masih dapat dilakukan peretasan. Dengan tingkat keberhasilan peretasan dalam menemukan kata sandi sebesar 99,30% dan dengan durasi selama 27 detik.
Kata kunci: WPA, WPA2-PSK, TKIP, AES, Aircrack-ng

The influence of technological developments makes the need for internet networks very important because with the use of the internet people can find all the information needed. In the use of the internet on wifi networks requires a network security mechanism. Wifi network security consists of several types, namely wep, WPA, WPA2-PSK. This research will conduct comparative analysis on existing TKIP and AES algorithms in wpa security types using the SPDLC (Security Policy Development Life Cyle) method in the SPDLC method consisting of identification, analysis, design, implementation, audit, and evaluation. The implementation carried out in this study uses a tool "Aircrack-ng" as a medium in penetrating the type of security to be tested. The result of this study is a comparison made between the TKIP algorithm and the AES algorithm proves that the AES algorithm on WPA is superior in securing the network. So the conclusion that can be taken when implementing the comparison of TKIP and AES algorithms on WPA is that these two types of algorithms can still be hacked.
Keywords: WPA, WPA2-PSK, TKIP, AES, Aircrack-ng
Balance of Family Life and Professional Life and Stress Among Caregivers
Authors: Ouyi Badji , Avogan Yaovi Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

The study in this paper was carried out on the health workers of the CHR-Tsévié in Togo, and involves two main variables: work-life balance and stress at work. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the reconciliation of spheres on stress by using reconciliation measures as a moderating effect. Data were collected from 107 individuals regardless of gender, using a questionnaire. They were then processed using Excel and SPSS. Our results confirm the relationship between work-life balance and stress among the caregivers of the Regional Hospital Center of Tsévié. (r=0.192; p = 0.048 < 0.05). Therefore, we will argue that a better organization in terms of reconciling the two spheres of life (family and professional) will make it possible to reduce the suffering linked to stress among caregivers.