bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White tea: Its history, composition, and potential effects on body weight management
Authors: Yılmaz Birsen , Acar‐Tek Nilüfer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObesity is a rapidly rising global public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Tea components, especially caffeine and catechins, may have beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity. Tea is a widely consumed beverage all over the world and it is a significant part of the culture, especially in Asian countries. Among the tea types, white tea is the least processed and the content of catechins is higher than the others. Many studies have been conducted on tea's health effects, especially on weight management. The beneficial effects of the consumption of tea containing polyphenols and caffeine such as helping to maintain body weight and playing crucial roles in fat metabolism have been shown in many studies. While there are many studies on green tea in the literature, interestingly, studies conducted with white tea are insufficient but showed significant results. Considering the positive health effects of bioactive components in tea species, the results of studies with white tea may be promising. Tea components have many promising health effects; however, these effects are not clearly understood yet, particularly regarding body weight management mechanisms such as fat oxidation and thermogenesis. Therefore, further well‐planned preclinical and clinical research is required to understand the effectiveness and mechanisms of white tea on body weight.
Prevalence, characteristics and cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with supra‐normal ejection fraction: Insight from the JROADHF study
Authors: Horiuchi Yu , Asami Masahiko , Ide Tomomi , Yahagi Kazuyuki , Komiyama Kota , Yuzawa Hitomi , Tanaka Jun , Aoki Jiro , Matsushima Shouji , Tohyama Takeshi , Enzan Nobuyuki , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Tanabe Kengo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) with supra‐normal ejection fraction (HFsnEF) compared to HF with normal ejection fraction (HFnEF).Methods and resultsAmong 11 573 patients enrolled in the nationwide registry of hospitalized patients with HF in Japan, 1943 patients (16.8%) were classified as HFsnEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] >65%), 3277 (28.3%) as HFnEF (50% ≤ LVEF ≤65%), 2024 (17.5%) as HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (40% ≤ LVEF <50%) and 4329 (37.4%) as HF with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF <40%). Patients with HFsnEF were older, more likely to be women, had lower natriuretic peptide values, and had smaller left ventricles than those with HFnEF. The primary endpoint, the composite of cardiovascular death or HF readmission, did not differ between HFsnEF (802/1943, 41.3%) and HFnEF (1413/3277, 43.1%) during a median follow‐up period of 870 days (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.05, p = 0.346). The incidence of secondary outcomes, including all‐cause, cardiovascular, and non‐cardiovascular deaths and HF readmission, did not differ between HFsnEF and HFnEF. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, HFsnEF compared to HFnEF was associated with a lower adjusted HR for HF readmission but not with the primary and other secondary endpoints. HFsnEF was associated with a higher HR for the composite endpoint and all‐cause death in women, and a higher HR for all‐cause death in patients with renal dysfunction.ConclusionsHeart failure with supra‐normal ejection fraction is a common and distinctive phenotype, and has different characteristics and prognoses from HFnEF.
Long‐range subjective‐probability forecasts of slow‐motion variables in world politics: Exploring limits on expert judgment
Authors: Tetlock Philip E. , Karvetski Christopher , Satopää Ville A. , Chen Kevin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSkeptics see long‐range geopolitical forecasting as quixotic. A more nuanced view is that although predictability tends to decline over time, its rate of descent is variable. The current study gives geopolitical forecasters a sporting chance by focusing on slow‐motion variables with low base rates of change. Analyses of 5, 10, and 25‐year cumulative‐risk judgments made in 1988 and 1997 revealed: (a) specialists beat generalists at predicting nuclear proliferation but not shifting nation‐state boundaries; (b) some counterfactual interventions—for example, Iran gets the bomb before 2022—boosted experts’ edge but others—for example, nuclear war before 2022—eliminated it; (c) accuracy fell faster on topics where expertise conferred no edge in shorter‐range forecasts. To accelerate scientific progress, we propose adversarial collaborations in which clashing schools of thought negotiate Bayesian reputational bets on divisive issues and use Lakatosian scorecards to incentivize the honoring of bets.
A monitoring and site visit intervention to reduce sales to minors at packaged liquor outlets
Authors: Bartman Hannah , Bauer Lyndon , Kajons Nicole , Batchelor Samantha , Juel Katrine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedSelling alcohol to a minor is a serious offence in the New South Wales Liquor Act. However, minors report they can purchase alcohol easily. This study used an intersectoral partnership between the Central Coast Local Health District (CCLHD) Health Promotion Service, and Liquor & Gaming NSW (L&GNSW) Compliance Operations to test a site visit intervention to increase ID checks at packaged liquor outlets (PLOs).MethodsAs the current legislative framework does not allow minors to attempt to purchase alcohol from PLOs, even under compliance operations, this study employed pseudo‐minors aged 18–19 years. Pseudo‐minors visited all PLOs on the Central Coast, NSW in four survey rounds, attempting to purchase alcohol without ID. If a PLO sold alcohol to the pseudo‐minor, they received a visit from a Health Promotion Officer and L&GNSW Inspector to inform them of the sale and that they are at risk of selling alcohol to a minor.ResultsSite visits were an effective intervention to increase the rates of ID checking. Alcohol sales to pseudo‐minors without ID decreased from 34% in Round 1 to 7% in Round 4. Young sales staff and independent stores were less likely to check ID.ConclusionsThis intervention was associated with some of the lowest rates of underage alcohol purchasing reported to date. However, it may not be sustainable in the long term. It is recommended that: future studies randomise site visits to investigate their contribution to the observed reduction, cost effectiveness of the intervention is explored and legislative change to allow controlled purchase operations for alcohol is considered.So What?Young people under 18 years of age should not be able to purchase alcohol from liquor licence outlets, and strong laws apply if a sale is detected. However, despite these rules, young people still report they can access alcohol in this manner. Whilst our intervention of site visits with the regulatory body saw decreases in sales to our pseudo‐minors, we advocate for controlled purchase operations (similar to tobacco control) as a more sustainable and effective intervention to reduce sales to minors ‐ while this is not yet legislated for packaged liquor outlets in Australia, it is deemed best practice in other countries.
Thrifty effect of subanesthetic‐dose S‐ketamine on postoperative opioids and its safety and analgesic effectiveness: A prospective, triple‐blind, randomized controlled, polycentric clinical trial
Authors: Ding Jun , Yu Yun‐Mei , Luo Man , Fang Xu , Tan Dan‐Dan , Qin Han‐Rui , Ren Xue‐Feng , Zhang Yong‐Guo , Luo Tao , Chen Lei , Yu Wan‐Qiu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the thrifty effects of subanesthetic‐dose S‐ketamine on postoperative opioids and its safety and analgesic efficacy.MethodsFour‐hundred and twenty patients were divided into the control group (CON group), the S‐ketamine 0.2 mg/kg group (ES0.2 group), and the S‐ketamine 0.3 mg/kg group (ES0.3 group) randomly. Major indicators include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the times of compression with analgesic pumps after surgery, and analgesic drug consumption from anesthesia induction to 48 h after surgery. Minor records include vital signs, the use of vasoactive drugs, the Ramsay scores, the occurrence of adverse events including nervous system reaction, and the patient's satisfaction with anesthesia.ResultsCompared with the CON group, VAS scores decreased in the ES0.2 and ES0.3 groups (p < 0.05). At 10 min after extubation, the VAS scores of the ES0.3 group were lower than that of the ES0.2 group (p < 0.05). The total number of compression with analgesic pumps of the ES0.3 group was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). The opioid consumption after surgery of the ES0.3 group was lower than those of the CON group and the ES0.2 group (p < 0.05). The ES0.3 group's heart rate (HR) was faster but the use of vasoactive, drug consumption was less than the other two groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse events and anesthetic satisfaction among the three groups.ConclusionSubanesthetic‐dose S‐ketamine at 0.2–0.3 mg/kg especially the 0.3 mg/kg in general anesthesia induction can safely and effectively reduce postoperative pain and save postoperative opioid consumption.
Halide‐based solid electrolytes: The history, progress, and challenges
Authors: Nie Xianhui , Hu Jiulin , Li Chilin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium metal solid‐state batteries (LMSBs) have attracted extensive attention over the past decades, due to their fascinating advantages of safety and potential for high energy density. Solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) with fast ionic transport and excellent stability are indispensable components in LMSBs. Heretofore, a series of inorganic SEs have been extensively explored, such as sulfide‐ and oxide‐based electrolytes. Unfortunately, they both have difficulty in achieving a satisfactory balance of conductivity and stability, and oxides suffer from a high impedance of grain boundaries, while sulfides encounter poor stability. Halide‐based solid electrolytes are gradually emerging as one of the most promising candidates for LMSBs due to their advantages of decent room temperature ionic conductivity (>10−3 S cm−1), good compatibility with oxide cathode materials, good chemical stability, and scalability. Herein, research and development of the widely studied metal halide SEs including fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides are reviewed, mainly focusing on the structures and ionic conductivities as well as preparation methods and electrochemical/chemical stabilities. And then, based on typical metal halide solid electrolytes, we emphasize the interface issues (grain boundaries, cathode−electrolyte and electrolyte–anode interfaces) that exist in the corresponding LMSBs and summarize the related work on understanding and engineering these interfaces. Furthermore, the typical (or in situ) characterization tools widely used for solid‐state interfaces are reviewed. Finally, a perspective on the future direction for developing high‐performance LMSBs based on the halide electrolyte family is put out.
Cancer incidence and mortality in 23 000 patients with type 1 diabetes in the UK: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Swerdlow Anthony J. , Jones Michael E. , Slater Stefan D. , Burden Andrew C. F. , Botha Johannes L. , Waugh Norman R. , Morris Andrew D. , Gatling Wendy , Gillespie Kathleen M. , Patterson Christopher C. , Schoemaker Minouk J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes is associated with raised risk of several cancers, but for type 1 diabetes risk data are fewer and inconsistent We assembled a cohort of 23 473 UK patients with insulin‐treated diabetes diagnosed at ages <30, almost all of whom will have had type 1 diabetes, and for comparison 5058 diagnosed at ages 30 to 49, of whom we estimate two‐thirds will have had type 2, and followed them for an average of 30 years for cancer incidence and mortality compared with general population rates. Patients aged <30 at diabetes diagnosis had significantly raised risks only for ovarian (standardised incidence ratio = 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.16‐2.11; P < .01) and vulval (3.55; 1.94‐5.96; P < .001) cancers, with greatest risk when diabetes was diagnosed at ages 10‐14. Risks of cancer overall (0.89; 0.84‐0.95; P < .001) and sites including lung and larynx were significantly diminished. Patients diagnosed with diabetes at ages 30 to 49 had significantly raised risks of liver (1.76;1.08‐2.72) and kidney (1.46;1.03‐2.00) cancers, and reduced risk of cancer overall (0.89; 0.84‐0.95). The raised ovarian and vulval cancer risks in patients with type 1 diabetes, especially with diabetes diagnosed around pubertal ages, suggest possible susceptibility of these organs at puberty to metabolic disruption at diabetes onset. Reduced risk of cancer overall, particularly smoking and alcohol‐related sites, might reflect adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
Observations of bony ongrowth and clinical fixation in two retrieved disc replacements
Authors: Wahbeh Jenna M. , Park Sang‐Hyun , Iyer Sumant , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTotal disc replacements utilize textured coatings to maximize bony ongrowth. However, the contribution of direct bony attachment to overall fixation for total disc replacements has not been reported. The goal of the present study was to document the extent of bony attachment to the surfaces of two clinically functional total disc replacements that were securely fixed at the time of revision. Two metal‐and‐polymeric disc replacements, one cervical and one lumbar, were evaluated following surgical retrieval. The cervical device was retrieved at 8 months and the lumbar device at 28 months post‐operative. Both devices were reported well‐fixed at the time of removal, with large bone masses attached to one endplate of each device. Visual inspections, non‐destructive gravimetric measurements, and surface metrology were performed to assess fixation. These inspections suggested that both devices had been fixed at the time of removal with little in vivo mechanical damage, as surgical extraction damage was noted on both devices and provided imaging showed a lack of device migration. Devices were then embedded and sectioned to evaluate the bone‐implant interface. High resolution photographs and contact microradiographs were taken to assess bony attachment. In contrast to initial analysis, these images revealed radiolucent gaps between the endplates and bone masses. Little direct contact between the bone and endplate surface was identified and the original surgical cuts were still visible. Both devices were clinically fixed at the time of removal and neither had complications associated with loosening. However, osseointegration was minimal in one of the devices and altogether absent from the other. The findings of the present study suggest that other factors may influence overall clinical fixation such as the surgical preparation of the vertebral bone or the surface roughness of the treated endplates. Despite the limitations of the present study, this information is unique to the current total disc replacement literature and the ongrowth and fixation of devices should be considered as a topic for future investigation.
Efficacy of 24‐epibrassinolide–chitosan composite coating on the quality of ‘Williams’ bananas during ripening
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed I. , Awad Mohamed A. , Al‐Qurashi Adel D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBanana fruit undergo rapid metabolic changes following the induction of ripening. They result in excessive softening, chlorophyll degradation, browning, and senescence during postharvest life. As part of a continuous effort to extend fruit shelf life and maintain the best possible quality, this study examined the effect of a 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR) and chitosan (CT) composite coating on ‘Williams’ bananas ripening in ambient conditions. Fruit were soaked in 20 μM EBR, 10 g L−1 CT (w/v), and 20 μM EBR + 10 g L−1 CT solutions for 15 min and were kept at 23 ± 1 °C and 85–90% (RH) for 9 days.ResultsThe combined treatment (20 μM EBR + 10 g L−1 CT) clearly delayed fruit ripening; bananas treated with this showed less peel yellowing, weight loss, and total soluble solids, and greater firmness, titratable acidity, membrane stability index, and ascorbic acid content than the untreated control. After the treatment, the fruit also presented higher radical scavenging capacity, and higher total phenol and flavonoid content. The activity of polyphenoloxidase and hydrolytic enzymes was lower, and that of peroxidase was higher in both the peel and pulp of all the treated fruit than in the control.ConclusionThe combined treatment (20 μM EBR + 10 g L−1 CT) is suggested as an effective composite edible coat to retain the quality of ‘Williams’ bananas during ripening. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of Multiblock Copolymer Composed of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly(2‐pyrrolidone): Impact of Each Block Length on the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ono Hideaki , Kawai Yasutaka , Ata Seisuke , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Kurihara Kazuma , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA series of multiblock copolymers comprising a systematic combination of biomass‐originated and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(2‐pyrrolidone) (PA4) units is synthesized with various mean degrees of polymerization (mDP) of each unit. Despite the inherent immiscibility of PBS and PA4, multiblock structure allows to mix the two components in the solution‐cast films from solution. The mechanical properties of the cast films are highly dependent on the mDP of each unit, as demonstrated by tensile tests. The film of the copolymer with the lowest mDP of each unit (PBS: 17, PA4: 10) is transparent and exhibits extremely high elongation at break (> 400%) and high tensile stress (39.5 MPa) with strain hardening. The films with 50% or higher crystallinity are brittle and opaque, while a decrease in crystallinity can result in higher elongation, as revealed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements.
Interleaved signal multiplexing readout in depth encoding Prism‐PET detectors
Authors: Li Yixin , LaBella Andy , Zeng Xinjie , Wang Zipai , Petersen Eric , Cao Xinjie , Zhao Wei , Goldan Amir H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiven the large number of readout pixels in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, signal multiplexing is an indispensable feature to reduce scanner complexity, power consumption, heat output, and cost.PurposeIn this paper, we introduce interleaved multiplexing (iMux) scheme that utilizes the characteristic light‐sharing pattern of depth‐encoding Prism‐PET detector modules with single‐ended readout.MethodsIn the iMux readout, four anodes from every other silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels across rows and columns, which overlap with four distinct light guides, are connected to the same application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) channel. The 4‐to‐1 coupled Prism‐PET detector module was used which consisted of a 16 × 16 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 20 mm3 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillator crystals coupled to an 8 × 8 array with 3 × 3 mm2 SiPM pixels. A deep learning‐based demultiplexing model was investigated to recover the encoded energy signals. Two different experiments were performed with non‐multiplexed and multiplexed readouts to evaluate the spatial, depth of interaction (DOI), and timing resolutions of our proposed iMux scheme.ResultsThe measured flood histograms, using the decoded energy signals from our deep learning‐based demultiplexing architecture, achieved perfect crystal identification of events with negligible decoding error. The average energy, DOI, and timing resolutions were 9.6 ± 1.5%, 2.9 ± 0.9 mm, and 266 ± 19 ps for non‐multiplexed readout and 10.3 ± 1.6%, 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, and 311 ± 28 ps for multiplexed readout, respectively.ConclusionsOur proposed iMux scheme improves on the already cost‐effective and high‐resolution Prism‐PET detector module and provides 16‐to‐1 crystal‐to‐readout multiplexing without appreciable performance degradation. Also, only four SiPM pixels are shorted together in the 8 × 8 array to achieve 4‐to‐1 pixel‐to‐readout multiplexing, resulting in lower capacitance per multiplexed channel.
Parameter robust higher‐order finite difference method for convection‐diffusion problem with time delay
Authors: Sahoo Sanjay Ku , Gupta Vikas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of a higher‐order numerical approximation for a class of singularly perturbed convection‐diffusion problems with time delay. The method combines a higher‐Order Difference with an Identity Expansion (HODIE) scheme over a piece‐wise uniform mesh in the spatial direction and the backward Euler method on a uniform mesh for discretization in the temporal direction. A priori bounds for the continuous solution and its derivatives are derived by splitting the solution into regular and singular components. These bounds are useful in the error analysis of the proposed scheme. The present scheme converges ‐uniformly with the order of convergence one in time and almost second‐order in space direction. Further, to increase the rate of convergence in the time variable, we implemented the Richardson extrapolation technique. Thus, finally, the resultant scheme with Richardson extrapolation in time becomes almost second‐order ‐uniformly convergent in both the space and time variable. The detailed stability and convergence analysis have been done using the derived a priori estimates. We consider three test problems to validate the predicted theory and show that numerical results are in good agreement with our theoretical findings.
Effect of temperature on the bending and creep properties of wood plastic composites
Authors: Xi Fei , Zhao Longlong , Wei Yang , Yi Jiyang , Zhao Kang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFive groups of three‐point bending tests of wood plastic composites (WPCs) at different temperatures were conducted. The test temperatures ranged from −40 to 40°C, and the temperature difference of each group was 20°C. The results show that the bending strength and elastic modulus of the specimens decrease continuously with increasing temperature. Twenty‐four‐hour bending creep tests of WPCs under a 50% stress level were completed at different temperatures. The Findley model predicted the short‐term creep of WPCs better. According to the results of the short‐term creep tests, the horizontal shift factor was introduced based on the Prony series model. Then, we proposed a formula for creep compliance over time at different temperatures to predict the long‐term creep performance of WPCs under a 50% stress level at different temperatures. The results indicate that when the test temperature is less than 0°C, WPCs can hold the load for 50 years without entering the tertiary creep stage; at 20°C, the WPC specimen will fail at 24 days, whereas at 40°C, the specimen can only last for 24 h and then enters the tertiary creep stage until fracture damage occurs.
2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluoro‐1,4‐phenylenedinitrene: A dinitrene with near degenerate singlet and triplet states
Authors: Portela‐Gonzalez Adrian , Mendez‐Vega Enrique , Sander Wolfram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dinitrene 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐phenylenedinitrene was synthesized by photolysis of matrix‐isolated 1,4‐diazido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene at 365 or 405 nm in high yields at cryogenic temperatures and characterized by FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, and EPR spectroscopy. The electronic structure of the dinitrene is described best as a quinoidal diradical with an open‐shell singlet ground state and a triplet state laying only 650 ± 5 cal/mol higher in energy. Irradiation with λ = 254 nm results in fragmentation of the dinitrene into FCCF and several olefins which on prolonged photolysis fragment into FCCCN, FCCNC, and FCN.