bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synergistic effect of retinyl propionate and hydroxypinacolone retinoate on skin aging
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Hu Fan , Hu Xiaoyun , Xie Yicheng , Du Le , Ye Rui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAging is responsible for the majority of skin and soft tissue remolding in humans. Retinol and its derivatives or retinoids effectively intervene skin aging process. Nevertheless, retinoids usually induce skin intolerance, especially among the Chinese, and thus, their application to prevent skin aging is yet to be well accepted. The study of optimal composition and concentration of retinoids is necessary to offer strong antiaging efficacies with minimum irritations. Therefore, a better understanding of retinol and its derivatives is acutely needed to develop strategies to combat skin aging.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine the optimal ratio of two retinol derivatives—hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR) and retinyl propionate (RP) in terms of dermal remodeling and skin aging prevention—and to investigate their synergistic antiaging effects both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsAn in vitro human foreskin fibroblast (HFF‐1) cell model was established to evaluate the cell viability of HPR and/or RP treatment. In addition, the antiaging and retinol receptor genes expressions in HFF‐1 cells cotreated with HPR and RP were quantified. The in vivo adverse reaction evaluation of skincare serums containing various levels of retinol or the optimal HPR and RP combination termed Gravi‐A was performed by 24 h patch tests in 33 subjects prior to the clinical research. Last but not the least, clinical research with 42 Chinese urban women was conducted to assess the in vivo antiaging efficacy of the skincare serum containing this optimal retinoid combination.ResultsThe combination of HPR and RP at the weight ratio of 5:9 was shown to achieve the optimal in vitro antiaging performance. Coadministration of 5 μg/mL HPR and 9 μg/mL RP to HFF‐1 cells promoted their proliferation at 24 h and synergistically enhanced the expressions of type IV collagen, CRBP‐I, and RARB genes. In addition, the skincare serum containing HPR and RP combination at 5:9 weight ratio demonstrated superior in vivo anti‐wrinkle and skin elasticity improvement benefits without any adverse reactions, while retinol in the same concentration exerted much higher adverse effect. Skin wrinkles, skin smoothness, TEWL, skin elasticity R2 and R5 were improved by 8.3%, 11.9%, 25.7%, 14.5%, and 22.6%, respectively, after 8‐week use.ConclusionOur results indicated the advanced antiaging effect of HPR and RP combination both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, little adverse effect was observed in this study, in comparison with retinol. This combination named as Gravi‐A is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent skin aging, especially for Chinese women.
The mechanism of promoting rhizosphere nutrient turnover for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi attributes to recruited functional bacterial assembly
Authors: Xu Yunjian , Chen Zhe , Li Xiaoyu , Tan Jing , Liu Fang , Wu Jianping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improves plant nutrient capture from the soil, yet there is limited knowledge about the diversity, structure, functioning, and assembly processes of AM fungi‐related microbial communities. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were used to detect bacteria in the rhizosphere of Lotus japonicus inoculated with and without AM fungi, and the L. japonicus mutant ljcbx (defective in symbiosis) inoculated with AM fungi in southern grassland soil. Our results show that AM symbiosis significantly increased bacterial diversity and promoted deterministic processes of bacterial community construction, suggesting that mycorrhizal symbiosis resulted in the directional enrichment of bacterial communities. AM fungi promoted the enrichment of nine bacteria, including Ohtaekwangia, Niastella, Gemmatimonas, Devosia, Sphingomonas, Novosphingobium, Opitutus, Lysobacter, Brevundimonas, which are positively correlated with NPK‐related parameters. Through a functional identification experiment, we found that six of these genera, including Brevundimonas, Lysobacter, Ohtaekwangia, Sphingomonas, Devosia, and Gemmatimonas, demonstrated the ability to mineralize organophosphate and dissolve inorganic phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium. Our study revealed that AM fungi can regulate rhizosphere bacterial community assembly and attract specific rhizosphere bacteria to promote soil nutrient turnover in southern grasslands.
Modeling lymphangiogenesis: Pairing in vitro and in vivo metrics
Authors: Suarez Aileen C. , Hammel Jennifer H. , Munson Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLymphangiogenesis is the mechanism by which the lymphatic system develops and expands new vessels facilitating fluid drainage and immune cell trafficking. Models to study lymphangiogenesis are necessary for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to identify or test new therapeutic agents that target lymphangiogenesis. Across the lymphatic literature, multiple models have been developed to study lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, lymphangiogenesis can be modeled with varying complexity, from monolayers to hydrogels to explants, with common metrics for characterizing proliferation, migration, and sprouting of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and vessels. In comparison, in vivo models of lymphangiogenesis often use genetically modified zebrafish and mice, with in situ mouse models in the ear, cornea, hind leg, and tail. In vivo metrics, such as activation of LECs, number of new lymphatic vessels, and sprouting, mirror those most used in vitro, with the addition of lymphatic vessel hyperplasia and drainage. The impacts of lymphangiogenesis vary by context of tissue and pathology. Therapeutic targeting of lymphangiogenesis can have paradoxical effects depending on the pathology including lymphedema, cancer, organ transplant, and inflammation. In this review, we describe and compare lymphangiogenic outcomes and metrics between in vitro and in vivo studies, specifically reviewing only those publications in which both testing formats are used. We find that in vitro studies correlate well with in vivo in wound healing and development, but not in the reproductive tract or the complex tumor microenvironment. Considerations for improving in vitro models are to increase complexity with perfusable microfluidic devices, co‐cultures with tissue‐specific support cells, the inclusion of fluid flow, and pairing in vitro models of differing complexities. We believe that these changes would strengthen the correlation between in vitro and in vivo outcomes, giving more insight into lymphangiogenesis in healthy and pathological states.
Hypoviral‐regulated HSP90 co‐chaperone p23 (CpCop23) determines the colony morphology, virulence, and viral response of chestnut blight fungusCryphonectria parasitica
Authors: Ko Yo‐Han , Chun Jeesun , Yang Han‐Eul , Kim Dae‐Hyuk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe previously identified a protein spot that showed down‐regulation in the presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) and tannic acid supplementation as a Hsp90 co‐chaperone p23 gene (CpCop23). TheCpCop23‐null mutant strain showed retarded growth with less aerial mycelia and intense pigmentation. Conidia of theCpCop23‐null mutant were significantly decreased and their viability was dramatically diminished. TheCpCop23‐null mutant showed hypersensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors. However, no differences in responsiveness were observed after exposure to other stressors such as temperature, reactive oxygen species, and high osmosis, the exception being cell wall‐disturbing agents. A severe reduction in virulence was observed in theCpCop23‐null mutant. Interestingly, viral transfer to theCpCop23‐null mutant from CHV1‐infected strain via anastomosis was more inefficient than a comparable transfer with the wild type as a result of decreased hyphal branching of theCpCop23‐null mutant around the peripheral region, which resulted in less fusion of the hyphae. The CHV1‐infectedCpCop23‐null mutant exhibited recovered mycelial growth with less pigmentation and sporulation. The CHV1‐transfectedCpCop23‐null mutant demonstrated almost no virulence, that is, even less than that of the CHV1‐infected wild type (UEP1), a further indication that reduced virulence of the mutant is not attributable exclusively to the retarded growth but rather is a function of theCpCop23gene. Thus, this study indicates thatCpCop23plays a role in ensuring appropriate mycelial growth and development, spore viability, responses to antifungal drugs, and fungal virulence. Moreover, theCpCop23gene acts as a host factor that affects CHV1‐infected fungal growth and maintains viral symptom development.
A non‐homogeneous model of chromosome‐number evolution to reveal shifts in the transition patterns across the phylogeny
Authors: Shafir Anat , Halabi Keren , Escudero Marcial , Mayrose Itay 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Changes in chromosome numbers, including polyploidy and dysploidy events, play a key role in eukaryote evolution as they could expediate reproductive isolation and have the potential to foster phenotypic diversification. Deciphering the pattern of chromosome‐number change within a phylogeny currently relies on probabilistic evolutionary models. All currently available models assume time homogeneity, such that the transition rates are identical throughout the phylogeny.

Here, we develop heterogeneous models of chromosome‐number evolution that allow multiple transition regimes to operate in distinct parts of the phylogeny. The partition of the phylogeny to distinct transition regimes may be specified by the researcher or, alternatively, identified using a sequential testing approach. Once the number and locations of shifts in the transition pattern are determined, a second search phase identifies regimes with similar transition dynamics, which could indicate on convergent evolution.

Using simulations, we study the performance of the developed model to detect shifts in patterns of chromosome‐number evolution and demonstrate its applicability by analyzing the evolution of chromosome numbers within the Cyperaceae plant family.

The developed model extends the capabilities of probabilistic models of chromosome‐number evolution and should be particularly helpful for the analyses of large phylogenies that include multiple distinct subclades.
Imaginal extinction without imagery: Dissociating the effects of visual imagery and propositional thought by contrasting participants with aphantasia, simulated aphantasia, and controls
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Agren Thomas , Tengler Matthias , Reuter Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImaginal exposure is a standard procedure of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It is often used when in vivo exposure is not possible, too stressful for patients, or would be too expensive. Peter Lang's Bio‐Informational Theory implies that imaginal exposure is effective because of the perceptual proximity of mental imagery to real events, whereas empirical findings suggest that propositional thought of fear stimuli (i.e., thinking about the stimuli without seeing them in the mind's eye) could be sufficient in therapeutical contexts. Exposure to propositional thought, instead of vivid mental imagery, would be more tolerable for patients since vivid imagery is associated with high emotional distress. To investigate whether mental imagery or propositional thought is crucial for the success of imaginal exposure, participants with the rare state of aphantasia (= absence of sensory mental imagery but with intact propositional thought) and two control groups were subjected to a fear conditioning paradigm followed by imaginal exposure and a reinstatement procedure. During imaginal exposure, control group 1 (N = 30) stared at a bright screen to disrupt visual imagery by incoming luminance (= simulated aphantasia), whereas control group 2 (N = 30) and participants with actual aphantasia (N = 30) kept their eyes closed. The results show […].
The Morality of Compensation through Tort Law
Authors: Papayannis Diego M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I will focus on the normative structure of tort law. Only by elucidating the point or rationale of holding the wrongdoer responsible to the victim can we understand the value of having tort law instead of establishing other mechanisms of redress, such as a social insurance scheme. Ultimately, I will argue that the value of interpersonal justice, which underlies tort law, might not suffice to fully justify it in a given community. It all depends on whether victims of accidents are able to vindicate their rights against wrongdoers on a regular basis. If social conditions make this unlikely, then the state might be morally required to implement other forms of compensation, either replacing tort law altogether or supplementing it with social insurance in cases where private justice mechanisms tend to fail more dramatically.
Lianas (Vitis spp.) reduce growth and carbon sequestration of light‐demanding tree species in a temperate forest
Authors: Peters Jacob D. J. , Portmann Julia M. , Griscom Bronson W. 
Published: February 2023

Governments worldwide are seeking natural climate solutions that can provide economic stimulus while meeting climate goals. Forests provide essential carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration services, but their potential may be limited by elevated liana densities often resulting from human disturbance. Here we report the first estimate of liana (Vitis spp.) impacts on CO2 removal rates by trees in temperate Appalachian forests and suggest liana removal with biodiversity safeguards as a potential strategy for improved forest management. Shade‐intolerant tree species without lianas removed CO2 20% faster than conspecifics with lianas (p = 0.025). We did not detect significant impacts of liana presence on the CO2 removal rates for shade‐tolerant species (p = 0.838). Additionally, the merchantable boles of trees without lianas increased in volume 9% faster annually compared to trees with lianas, for all species (p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that thinning lianas—particularly from light‐loving species such as Liriodendron tulipifera—may improve sustainability of forest management and increase carbon storage while mitigating climate change.
Der Effekt des Haushalts auf die Beteiligungsdisposition
Authors: Milic Thomas 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluss des Primärumfeldes auf die Bereitschaft, an Wahlen oder Abstimmungen teilzunehmen, ist unbestritten. Die bisherige Forschung dazu beruhte aber hauptsächlich auf Experimental‐ oder Befragungsdaten, die systematische Messfehler (Overreporting) aufweisen oder sich nur auf einzelne Wahltermine beziehen. Ziel der Untersuchung ist deshalb eine präzisere, von zufälligen oder systematischen Fehlern unverzerrte Schätzung des Haushalts auf die grundlegende Beteiligungsdisposition. Möglich ist dies dank amtlichen Vollerhebungsdaten zu 18 verschiedenen Urnengängen in rund einem Dutzend St. Galler Gemeinden. Die entsprechende Analyse zeigt, dass der Löwenanteil der individuellen Beteiligungsbereitschaft auf Haushaltsebene variiert.
Master clinical teachers and personalised learning
Authors: Fowler Michael J. , Crook Travis W. , Russell Regina G. , Cutrer William B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClinical history taking and physical examination are two of the most important competencies of physicians. In addition to informing diagnoses, these activities build rapport and establish relationships between caregivers and patients. Despite this, emphasis on the assessment of bedside clinical skills is declining. To prepare our students for clinical work, we began a clinical competency, personalised teaching programme in which students perform a history and physical examination in front of a master clinical teacher (MCT) approximately every 2 weeks throughout their core clerkship year. The MCT works with the student in a clinical encounter, providing personalised bedside instruction on all features of being a clinician including bedside manner, history‐taking skills, physical examination skills, and clinical reasoning. The MCT then provides an assessment of student's competency development and gives feedback to the student about what they do well and where they have opportunities for growth. Assessment data are collected and tracked longitudinally across the clerkship phase to ensure that each student is progressing developmentally. With over 6000 observations of student performance, we are able to discern competency development and growth over time. We can identify if a student is not improving as expected during their clerkship phase and intervene by providing extra practice and training. This core clerkship teaching programme has been well received by both students and instructors and has led us to pilot this approach during the post‐clerkship phase of our medical training.
Effect of Fillets on Wing-Fuselage Interference
Authors: Klein A. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mutual interference of wing and fuselage has been the subject of many previous investigations, but these have been on a very small scale. A comprehensive investigation into the case of a low-wing monoplane was thought to have important possibilities, especially as this type of airplane was known to have some aerodynamical peculiarities. In a preceding investigation it had been found that the addition of large fillets to the intersection of wing and fuselage would cause a great improvement and it was decided to extend these tests and to include the case of a high-wing monoplane for comparison.
Some Studies on the Flutter of Airfoils and Propellers
Authors: Taylor W. Harold 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During the last few years there has been considerable interest in the study of vibration of airfoils and propellers, both in Europe and in this country, and most of the literature regarding it is of fairly recent date. A complete solution to the problem has not yet been attained, the complicated mathematics having proved too involved. Again, some of the factors are only now the subject of research. This paper deals with a few of the many interesting phases of the problem. Because of the complexity of the mathematical expressions for the airfoils in common use, a flat plate has been used. It has also been assumed that the angle of attack in the range to be covered is below the burble point and that the amplitude of the vibrations is considered small. The paper is divided into three main parts: (a) A theoretical development of the deflection curve of a cantilever flat bar of uniform cross-section, by air forces distributed according to an elliptic-load grading curve, to show the effect of the warping produced by such loading in the strain energy of the bar so loaded. (b) An approximate solution of the free torsional vibrations of a cantilever bar of thin rectangular cross-section. (c) An analysis of the problem of self-induced torsional vibrations which will apply for any airfoil.
Radiation From Luminous and Non-Luminous Natural-Gas Flames
Authors: Sherman Ralph A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
From the data presented in the paper, these conclusions in regard to the transfer of heat from luminous and non-luminous gas flames are made: Luminous gas flames are now being obtained principally with slow-moving, stratified streams of air and gas, which, from the viewpoint only of efficient combustion, are much inferior to non-luminous flames. Combustion is extremely rapid in premised, non-luminous flames, which results in a high-temperature zone near the burners. Although natural-gas flames can be produced that have an emissivity approaching that of a black body and consequently a higher rate of heat transfer than a non-luminous flame, the total radiant-heat transfer from the flame and the wall, in those furnaces having walls hotter than the work being heated, will not be much greater for the same flame temperature than with a non-luminous flame. The advantage of a luminous flame in many heating processes lies not in a higher rate of heat transfer, but in a more uniform transfer over the entire furnace as a result of the slow combustion and slow heat liberation. The presence of free carbon probably has a beneficial effect in the reduction of oxidation and the scaling of steel.
A Membrane Analogy Supplementing Photoelasticity
Authors: McGivern J. G. , Supper H. L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a new method of finding the sum of the principal stresses in a two-dimensional model by means of ordinate measurements on a stretched rubber membrane as suggested by J. P. Den Hartog. The method is applied in detail to a simple phenolite tension member with a central circular hole and is found to be easy of operation and to yield results of good accuracy.
Bending of Circular Plates With Large Deflection
Authors: Way Stewart 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the design of thin plates bent by lateral loading, formulas based on the Kirchhoff theory which neglects stretching and shearing in the middle surface are quite satisfactory, providing the deflections are small compared to the thickness. If deflections are of the same order as the thickness, the Kirchhoff theory may yield results which are considerably in error and therefore a more rigorous theory which takes account of deformations in the middle surface should be applied. The fundamental equations for the more exact theory are known and approximate solutions have been developed for the case of a circular plate.
This paper gives the general solution of the fundamental equations for the case of a circular plate bent to a figure of revolution. Particular solutions are found which satisfy one of the two boundary conditions, and stresses and deflections are calculated from these solutions. By interpolation, the stresses and deflections are then found for plates satisfying both boundary conditions. The deflections are compared with experimental results and with the approximate formulas. It is found that these deflections agree closely with the experimental results and also with those obtained by the approximate methods of A. Nadai and S. Timoshenko, as shown in Figs. 8 and 10.