bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Patterns of Discontinuing and Recommencing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the Context of Sexual Behavior Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia
Authors: Philpot Steven P. , Murphy Dean , Chan Curtis , Haire Bridget , Wells Nathanael , Fraser Doug , Grulich Andrew E. , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe mapped gay and bisexual men’s (GBM) patterns of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) over time and explored sexual behavior as PrEP use changed. We conducted semi-structured interviews between June 2020 and February 2021 with 40 GBM living in Australia who had changed their PrEP use since initiating. There was considerable diversity in patterns of discontinuation, suspension, and recommencement of PrEP. Reasons for changing PrEP use mostly centered on accurate perceived changes to HIV risk. Twelve participants reported condomless anal intercourse with casual or fuckbuddy partners after discontinuing PrEP. These sex events were unanticipated, condoms were not a preferred option, and other risk reduction strategies were applied inconsistently. Service delivery and health promotion can support safer sex among GBM when PrEP use fluctuates by promoting event-driven PrEP and/or non-condom-based risk reduction methods during periods off daily PrEP, and guiding GBM to better recognize changing circumstances of risk and when to recommence PrEP.
Typological fragility analysis of masonry buildings in Emilia Romagna region (Italy)
Authors: Ferretti Francesca , Simoni Elena , Buratti Nicola , Mazzotti Claudio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnReinforced Masonry (URM) buildings constitute the majority of the Italian building stock and represent one of the most vulnerable construction typologies, as emerged during the seismic events occurred in the last decades. The objective of the present work is the proposal of a methodology for the seismic vulnerability and fragility assessment of different typologies of URM buildings. Through the statistical analysis of post-earthquake damage survey forms and of census data, the most prevalent structural typologies were identified in the Emilia Romagna region (Italy), leading to the definition of two reference masonry buildings, built at the beginning of the XX century and representative of the building stock of the study area. These buildings were modeled according to the equivalent frame method and their seismic performance was studied by means of nonlinear static analyses, considering uncertainties on the mechanical properties of masonry, on the intensity of the seismic action and on the displacement demand calculation method. Through the definition of Response Surfaces, analytical fragility curves relative to the investigated structural typologies were determined for the different damage states.
Diversifying modelling techniques to disentangle the complex patterns of species richness and diversity in the protected afromontane grasslands
Authors: Mashiane Katlego K. , Ramoelo Abel , Adelabu Samuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEcological research has focused on the importance of environmental factors on spatial biodiversity variations and organisation. This is important because of scant conservation resources. We used stepwise backward selection and random feature selection (RFE) to identify a parsimonious model that can predict species richness and diversity metrics in response to three models; biotic, abiotic, and topo-edaphic. Our results show that both metrics are good predictors of one another, mainly because species diversity is a combination of species richness and abundance, and further highlights the importance of biotic variables in predicting species distribution. The two modelling techniques selected soil texture and its interactions with topographic variables as the most important variables. However, random forest performed worse than multiple linear regression in the prediction of diversity metrics. This research highlights the importance of topographically controlled edaphic factors as drivers of species richness and diversity in mountainous grasslands where topography inherently controls the geomorphic, hydrological, and, as a result, ecological processes.
A two-time-level model for mission and flight planning of an inhomogeneous fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Fügenschuh Armin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider the mission and flight planning problem for an inhomogeneous fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Therein, the mission planning problem of assigning targets to a fleet of UAVs and the flight planning problem of finding optimal flight trajectories between a given set of waypoints are combined into one model and solved simultaneously. Thus, trajectories of an inhomogeneous fleet of UAVs have to be specified such that the sum of waypoint-related scores is maximized, considering technical and environmental constraints. Several aspects of an existing basic model are expanded to achieve a more detailed solution. A two-level time grid approach is presented to smooth the computed trajectories. The three-dimensional mission area can contain convex-shaped restricted airspaces and convex subareas where wind affects the flight trajectories. Furthermore, the flight dynamics are related to the mass change, due to fuel consumption, and the operating range of every UAV is altitude-dependent. A class of benchmark instances for collision avoidance is adapted and expanded to fit our model and we prove an upper bound on its objective value. Finally, the presented features and results are tested and discussed on several test instances using GUROBI as a state-of-the-art numerical solver.
One-Dimensional Failure Modes for Bodies with Non-convex Plastic Energies
Authors: Del Piero Gianpietro , Lancioni Giovanni , March Riccardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a complete picture of the different plastic failure modes that can be predicted by the strain gradient plasticity model proposed in Del Piero et al. (J. Mech. Mater. Struct. 8:109–151, 2013) is drawn. The evolution problem of the elasto-plastic strain is formulated in Del Piero et al. (J. Mech. Mater. Struct. 8:109–151, 2013) as an incremental minimization problem acting on an energy functional which includes a local plastic term and a non-local gradient contribution. Here, an approximate analytical solution of the evolution problem is determined in the one-dimensional case of a tensile bar. Different solutions are found describing specific plastic strain processes, and correlations between the different evolution modes and the convexity/concavity properties of the plastic energy density are established.The variety of solutions demonstrates the large versatility of the model in describing many failure mechanisms, ranging from brittle to ductile. Indeed, for a convex plastic energy, the plastic strain diffuses in the body, while, for a concave plastic energy, it localizes in regions whose amplitude depends on the internal length parameter included into the non-local energy term, and, depending on the convexity properties of the first derivative of the plastic energy, the localization band expands or contracts. Complex failure processes combining different modes can be reproduced by assuming plastic energy functionals with specific convex and concave branches.The quasi-brittle failure of geomaterials in simple tension tests was reproduced by assuming a convex-concave plastic energy, and the accuracy of the analytical predictions was checked by comparing them with the numerical results of finite element simulations.
Generalized Logarithmic Species-Area Relationship Resolves the Arrhenius-Gleason Debate
Authors: Carey Mark , Boland John , Keppel Gunnar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe species-area relationship (SAR) is widely applied in ecology. Mathematically, it is usually expressed as either a semi-log or power-law relationship, with the former being introduced by Gleason and the latter by Arrhenius. We here resolve the dispute about which form of the SAR to prefer by introducing a novel model that smoothly transforms between the Gleason semi-log (GSL) and Arrhenius power law (APL) forms. The model introduced has the form of lnq (S) = a + z ln A, with lnq being a generalized logarithmic function, which is a linear map (y = x) for q = 0 and a logarithmic map (y = ln x) for q = 1 and q can take any intermediate value between 0 and 1. We applied this model to 100 datasets (mostly islands), linking species richness to island area. The APL was the preferred model in 68% of head-to-head comparisons with the GSL. Both models were supported in 40% of cases. In just under half (44%) of the cases, an intermediate model best explained the data. The results demonstrate the utility of a simple intermediate SAR model. Visualizing the profile of the range of model fits for all q ∈ [0, 1] (a q chart) allows us to gain extra insight into SARs not yielded by head-to-head comparisons of GSL and APL. The mathematics related to the generalized logarithmic function introduced here should have applications to other areas of ecological modelling.
Drivers of niche partitioning in a community of mid-trophic level epipelagic species in the North Atlantic
Authors: Ceia Filipe R. , Cherel Yves , Silva Andreia V. , Garrido Susana , Angélico Maria M. , da Silva Joana M. , Laranjeiro Maria I. , Ramos Jaime A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to the principles of community ecology, sympatric species may suffer a selective pressure to decrease their niche overlap through mechanisms of niche partitioning. However, there is still a gap in knowledge of the main drivers influencing niche differentiation, particularly in communities composed by small-sized and inconspicuous species. The coastal epipelagic community structure of mid-trophic level species in the Northeast Atlantic was examined using stable isotope analysis to (1) decipher intrinsic and extrinsic factors promoting niche partitioning and (2) examine species divergence in the use of resources. A total of 474 individuals from a guild of 11 species were sampled during three years, and the influence of potential drivers of isotopic divergence was assessed. The niche partitioning was mainly determined by the taxonomic group in accordance with the fundamental principles of niche theory, which was consistent for both δ13C (i.e. habitat) and δ15N (i.e. prey). Body size was highly important in driving niche partitioning within species. Our results show that the predominant species in the guild were the most generalist, when compared with more specialised species with which they coexist. This study reveals that the intrinsic factors are determinant to decrease inter- and intra-specific niche overlap at the community level.
Control and Manipulation of Microwave Polarization and Power of a Frequency-Agile 198 GHz Gyrotron for Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Millen Marthe , Pagonakis Ioannis Gr. , Björgvinsdóttir Snædís , Alaniva Nicholas , Barnes Alexander B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe measurement and manipulation of the microwave polarization emitted from a frequency-agile 198 GHz gyrotron for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) are demonstrated. In general, gyrotrons emit linearly polarized radiation, yet in this case elliptical polarization is observed from the 198 GHz gyrotron window. Indeed, half of the microwave power is circularly polarized while the other half is linearly polarized with a polarization of 60∘ with respect to the horizontal plane. For optimal use of microwave power for DNP experiments, the elliptical polarization from the gyrotron is converted into circular polarization with a Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI). The dependence of the DNP enhancement on the microwave polarization was investigated by modifying the microwave polarization with the MPI. In addition, the MPI can generate a linearly polarized beam, which holds promise for future development of induction-mode electron spin detected experiments.
Libyan Healthcare Professionals’, Patients’ and Caregivers’ Perceptions and Religious Beliefs about Cancer Pain and its Management: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Makhlouf Salim M. , Ahmed Shenaz , Bennett Michael I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer pain remains a significant problem worldwide. It is often undertreated and presents in about half of cancer patients. Although several guidelines and pharmacological interventions for cancer pain management (CPM) exist, inadequate assessment and undertreatment of cancer pain are well-documented globally, especially in developing countries, including Libya. Perceptions, cultural and religious beliefs of healthcare professionals (HCP), patients, and caregivers about cancer pain and opioids are reported as barriers to CPM globally. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore Libyan HCPs’, patients’, and caregivers’ views and religious beliefs about CPM and involved semi-structured interviews with 36 participants: 18 Libyan cancer patients, 6 caregivers, and 12 Libyan HCPs. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Patients, caregivers, and newly qualified HCPs were concerned about poor tolerance and drug addiction. HCPs perceived a lack of policies and guidelines, pain rating scales, and professional education and training as CPM barriers. Some patients were unable to pay for medicines if they faced financial difficulties. Instead, patients and caregivers emphasised religious and cultural beliefs for managing cancer pain, including the use of the Qur’an and cautery. Our results suggest that religious and cultural beliefs, lack of knowledge and training in CPM among HCPs, and economic and Libyan healthcare system-related factors negatively affect CPM in Libya.
In Search of Safe Spaces: An Exploratory Study of the Anticipated Help-Seeking Needs and Preferences of Protestant Christian Women in Singapore with Respect to a Hypothetical Abortion Scenario
Authors: Teoh S. J. Y. , Low P. K. , Ramsay J. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that religious beliefs may contribute to abortion stigma, resulting in increased secrecy, reduced social support and help-seeking as well as poor coping and negative emotional consequences such as shame and guilt. This study sought to explore the anticipated help-seeking preferences and difficulties of Protestant Christian women in Singapore with regard to a hypothetical abortion scenario. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 self-identified Christian women recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The sample was largely Singaporean and all participants were ethnically Chinese females of a similar age range (late twenties to mid-thirties). All willing participants were recruited regardless of denomination. All participants anticipated experiences of felt, enacted and internalized stigma. These were affected by their perceptions of God (e.g., how they see abortion), their personal definitions of “life” and their perceptions of their religio-social environment (e.g., perceived social safety and fears). These concerns contributed to participants choosing both faith-based and secular formal support sources with caveats, despite a primary preference for faith-based informal support and secondary preference for faith-based formal support. All participants anticipated negative post-abortion emotional outcomes, coping difficulties and short-term decision dissatisfaction. However, participants who reported more accepting views of abortion also anticipated an increase in decision satisfaction and well-being in the longer term.
Time Evolution of Typical Pure States from a Macroscopic Hilbert Subspace
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Tumulka Roderich , Vogel Cornelia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider a macroscopic quantum system with unitarily evolving pure state $$\psi _t\in \mathcal {H}$$

ψ
t

∈
H

and take it for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal, high-dimensional subspaces $$\mathcal {H}_\nu $$

H
ν

(macro spaces) of $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
. Let $$P_\nu $$

P
ν

denote the projection to $$\mathcal {H}_\nu $$

H
ν

. We prove two facts about the evolution of the superposition weights $$\Vert P_\nu \psi _t\Vert ^2$$

‖

P
ν

ψ
t

‖

2

: First, given any $$T>0$$

T
>
0

, for most initial states $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

from any particular macro space $$\mathcal {H}_\mu $$

H
μ

(possibly far from thermal equilibrium), the curve $$t\mapsto \Vert P_\nu \psi _t\Vert ^2$$

t
↦
‖

P
ν

ψ
t

‖

2

is approximately the same (i.e., nearly independent of $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

) on the time interval [0, T]. And second, for most $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

from $$\mathcal {H}_\mu $$

H
μ

and most $$t\in [0,\infty )$$

t
∈
[
0
,
∞
)

, $$\Vert P_\nu \psi _t\Vert ^2$$

‖

P
ν

ψ
t

‖

2

is close to a value $$M_{\mu \nu }$$

M

μ
ν

that is independent of both t and $$\psi _0$$

ψ
0

. The first is an instance of the phenomenon of dynamical typicality observed by Bartsch, Gemmer, and Reimann, and the second modifies, extends, and in a way simplifies the concept, introduced by von Neumann, now known as normal typicality.
The Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting in the Relationship Between Parental Anxiety and Youth’s Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Larrucea-Iruretagoyena Maite , Orue Izaskun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the central questions in the theory of the intergenerational transmission of psychological symptoms is to identify whether parenting practices explain the transmission of psychological symptoms from parents to youth. This study examined the mediating mechanism of mindful parenting in the relationship between parental anxiety and youth’s emotional and behavioral difficulties. In three waves separated by six months, longitudinal data were collected from 692 Spanish youth (54% girls) aged between 9 and 15 years (Mage = 12.84 years, SD = 1.22 years at Wave 1) and their parents. Path analysis showed that maternal mindful parenting mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety and the youth’s emotional and behavioral difficulties. No mediating effect was found concerning fathers; however, marginal bidirectional relationships were obtained between paternal mindful parenting and youth’s emotional and behavioral difficulties. This study addresses one of the main concerns about the theory of intergenerational transmission using a multi-informant and longitudinal study design, concluding that maternal anxiety predicts less mindful parenting practices and these in turn predict youth’s emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Preliminary evaluation of a 64Cu-labeled DNA aptamer for PET imaging of glioblastoma
Authors: Li Pinghui , Wang Chunmei , Wang Wenrui , Duan Xiaoyan , Li Jianbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo develop a DNA aptamer-based PET tracer for imaging of glioblastoma. 5 mM of NOTA-AS1411, 60-min, and 37 °C were selected as the optimal condition for 64Cu radiolabeling of AS1411. 64Cu-NOTA-AS1411 remained stable in PBS and 100% mouse serum for at least six hours. From the PET images, 64Cu-NOTA-AS1411 tended to be excreted out through the kidneys and there was high tracer accumulation in the bladder. There was a higher tumor uptake in the AS1411 group than that in the control group. 64Cu-NOTA-AS1411 is a suitable potential PET tracer for imaging murine glioblastoma.
A semantics of face emoji in discourse
Authors: Grosz Patrick Georg , Greenberg Gabriel , De Leon Christian , Kaiser Elsi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of face emoji (disc-shaped pictograms with stylized facial expressions) that accompany written text. We propose that there is a use of face emoji in which they comment on a target proposition expressed by the accompanying text, as opposed to making an independent contribution to discourse. Focusing on positively valenced and negatively valenced emoji (which we gloss ashappyandunhappy, respectively), we argue that the emoji comment on how the target proposition bears on a contextually provided discourse value endorsed by the author. Discourse values embody what an author desires, aspires to, wishes for, or hopes for. Our analysis derives a range of non-trivial generalizations, including (i) ordering restrictions with regards to the placement of emoji and text, (ii) cases of apparent mixed emotions, and (iii) cases where the lexical content of the accompanying text influences the acceptability of a face emoji.
Inverse learning in Hilbert scales
Authors: Rastogi Abhishake , Mathé Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study linear ill-posed inverse problems with noisy data in the framework of statistical learning. The corresponding linear operator equation is assumed to fit a given Hilbert scale, generated by some unbounded self-adjoint operator. Approximate reconstructions from random noisy data are obtained with general regularization schemes in such a way that these belong to the domain of the generator. The analysis has thus to distinguish two cases, the regular one, when the true solution also belongs to the domain of the generator, and the ‘oversmoothing’ one, when this is not the case. Rates of convergence for the regularized solutions will be expressed in terms of certain distance functions. For solutions with smoothness given in terms of source conditions with respect to the scale generating operator, then the error bounds can then be made explicit in terms of the sample size.
Optimization of the closed-loop controller of a discontinuous capsule drive using a neural network
Authors: Zarychta Sandra , Balcerzak Marek , Denysenko Volodymyr , Stefański Andrzej , Dąbrowski Artur , Lenci Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper the construction of a neural-network based closed-loop control of a discontinuous capsule drive is analyzed. The foundation of the designed controller is an optimized open-loop control function. A neural network is used to determine the dependence between the output of the open-loop controller and the state of the system. Robustness of the neural controller with respect to variation of parameters of the controlled system is analyzed and compared with the original optimized open-loop control. It is expected that the presented method can facilitate the construction of closed-loop controllers for which alternative methods are not effective, such as non-smooth or discontinuous ones.