bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the lowest rung of the ladder: How social exclusion, perceived economic inequality and stigma increase homeless people's resignation
Authors: Marinucci Marco , Riva Paolo , Lenzi Michela , Lasagna Camilla , Waldeck Daniel , Tyndall Ian , Volpato Chiara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the relevance of social exclusion and economic inequality for homelessness, empirical studies investigating how these issues relate to homeless people's psychological well‐being are scarce. We aimed to fill this gap by conducting two quasi‐experimental studies on homeless and non‐homeless groups. The first study (N = 200) showed that homeless (vs. non‐homeless) people presented higher levels of resignation, characterized by depression, alienation, helplessness, and unworthiness (Williams, 2009). The second study (N = 183) replicated the findings from Study 1 and showed that perceived economic inequality could increase homeless people's resignation by emphasizing perceptions of social exclusion. Additional analyses found that identification with the stigmatized homeless group could mediate the relationship between perceived inequality and social exclusion, increasing the resignation. Overall, the results showed that chronic social exclusion of homeless people is associated with higher levels of resignation. Moreover, they showed the role of perceived economic inequality and homeless group stigmatized identification as group‐specific mechanisms favouring social exclusion and ultimately worsening psychological well‐being.
How do socioeconomic attainment gaps in early mathematical ability arise?
Authors: James‐Brabham Ella , Loveridge Toni , Sella Francesco , Wakeling Paul , Carroll Daniel J. , Blakey Emma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocioeconomic attainment gaps in mathematical ability are evident before children begin school, and widen over time. Little is known about why early attainment gaps emerge. Two cross‐sectional correlational studies were conducted in 2018–2019 with socioeconomically diverse preschoolers, to explore four factors that might explain why attainment gaps arise: working memory, inhibitory control, verbal ability, and frequency of home mathematical activities (N = 304, 54% female; 84% White, 10% Asian, 1% black African, 1% Kurdish, 4% mixed ethnicity). Inhibitory control and verbal ability emerged as indirect factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and mathematical ability, but neither working memory nor home activities did. We discuss the implications this has for future research to understand, and work towards narrowing attainment gaps.
Nonmedical barriers and needs of rural children with disabilities and their families in Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Fu Linyun , Mei Brenden , Wu Yifei , Liu Grace , Ma Zhiying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChildren with disabilities encounter unique challenges in rural Asia, where community resources are often lacking. This study is the first scoping review to understand nonmedical barriers and needs perceived by rural children with disabilities and their families in Asian countries. A literature search was conducted among six major databases for peer‐reviewed articles published between 1 January 2010 and 21 June 2022 and written in English. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies were identified and included in this review. The barriers and needs experienced by rural disabled children and their relatives are classified into family, school, community, and service levels. The review also highlights potential practice, policy, and research implications. To break down barriers and meet their needs, it is essential to take a holistic approach by supporting the family as a whole. In addition, to promote gender equity and prevent societal stigmatization and discrimination, policies and support programmes must be developed and implemented at the school and community levels. This review also identifies extant research gaps and suggests directions for future research, calling for more quantitative and mixed‐method studies, the inclusion of experiences from all Asian countries, a focus on intersectionality, and more research on the pandemic's effects on these marginalized individuals.
Gm527 deficiency in dentate gyrus improves memory through upregulating dopamine D1 receptor pathway
Authors: Jia Jie , Peng Hualing , Tian Rui , Zhou Hong , Zheng Hua , Liu Bo , Lu Yisheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsDopamine D1 receptor (D1R) hypofunction is associated with negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia; therefore, the mechanism of D1R function modulation needs further investigation. Gm527 is the rodent homologous of the schizophrenia‐related gene C14orf28, encoding a predicated D1R‐interacting protein. However, the role of Gm527‐D1R interaction in schizophrenia needs to be clarified.MethodsGm527‐floxed mice were generated and crossed with D1‐Cre mice (D1:Gm527−/−) to knockout Gm527 in D1R‐positive neurons. Then behavioral tests were performed to explore the schizophrenia‐related phenotypes. Immunofluorescence, fluorescence in situ hybridization, electrophysiological recording, quantitative real‐time PCR, and western blotting were conducted to investigate the mechanisms.ResultsWorking memory, long‐term memories, and adult neurogenesis in the DG were enhanced in D1:Gm527−/− mice. LTP was also increased in the DG in D1:Gm527−/− mice, resulting from the Gm527 knockout‐induced D1R expression enhancement on the plasma membrane and subsequently cAMP signaling and NMDA receptor pathways activation. The requirement of Gm527 knockout in the DG was confirmed by reversing Gm527 expression or knockdown Gm527 in the DG D1R‐positive neurons through AAV‐CAG‐FLEX‐Gm527‐GFP or AAV‐CMV‐FLEX‐EGFP‐Gm527‐RNAi injection.ConclusionsThe DG Gm527 knockout induces D1R hyperfunction in improving schizophrenia cognitive symptoms.
Applications of organoid technology to brain tumors
Authors: Wen Jie , Liu Fangkun , Cheng Quan , Weygant Nathaniel , Liang Xisong , Fan Fan , Li Chuntao , Zhang Liyang , Liu Zhixiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLacking appropriate model impedes basic and preclinical researches of brain tumors. Organoids technology applying on brain tumors enables great recapitulation of the original tumors. Here, we compared brain tumor organoids (BTOs) with common models including cell lines, tumor spheroids, and patient‐derived xenografts. Different BTOs can be customized to research objectives and particular brain tumor features. We systematically introduce the establishments and strengths of four different BTOs. BTOs derived from patient somatic cells are suitable for mimicking brain tumors caused by germline mutations and abnormal neurodevelopment, such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. BTOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells with genetic manipulations endow for identifying and understanding the roles of oncogenes and processes of oncogenesis. Brain tumoroids are the most clinically applicable BTOs, which could be generated within clinically relevant timescale and applied for drug screening, immunotherapy testing, biobanking, and investigating brain tumor mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells and therapy resistance. Brain organoids co‐cultured with brain tumors (BO‐BTs) own the greatest recapitulation of brain tumors. Tumor invasion and interactions between tumor cells and brain components could be greatly explored in this model. BO‐BTs also offer a humanized platform for testing the therapeutic efficacy and side effects on neurons in preclinical trials. We also introduce the BTOs establishment fused with other advanced techniques, such as 3D bioprinting. So far, over 11 brain tumor types of BTOs have been established, especially for glioblastoma. We conclude BTOs could be a reliable model to understand brain tumors and develop targeted therapies.
Does resveratrol improve cognition in humans? A scientometric study to an in‐depth review
Authors: Tu Wenling , Song Meiying , Fan Xiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimIn order to understand the different processes and mechanisms of cognitive function and resveratrol (RES) as an active participant in pathophysiological events that affect cognitive function.MethodsFirst, the Web of Science (core collection) was selected as the data source. To ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the search data, the index was selected as “SCI‐EXPANDED”, and the search formula was TS = resveratrol AND TS = (“cognitive” OR “memory” OR “cognition” OR “mood”). Next, details of authors, keywords, journals, countries, institutions, references, and more were analyzed by CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Finally, we explored the mechanism by which RES could improve cognitive impairment, that involves healthy young adults, healthy elderly, post‐menopausal women, and diseases involving Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes‐related cognitive impairment, mental illness, post‐stroke cognitive impairment, and neonatal hypoxic–ischemic injury.Results287 valid papers were obtained. The scientometric results demonstrated 287 papers used in this study came from 1601 authors from 443 organizations in 38 countries, published in 169 journals, and cited 13,680 literatures from 2431 journals. Depression, AD, cerebral ischemia, diabetic cognitive impairment, and cognitive function in the elderly are all keywords of the co‐occurrence network.ConclusionThis study supports the hypothesis that chronic RES intake may positively affect brain function. But it has become challenging to determine the optimal dose, time and duration of RES and improve the bioavailability of RES, which many researchers need to overcome.
Orchids with scarce occurrence records: The case of the endangered Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood
Authors: Mo Matthew , Wilson Averill , McGowan Alice , Demers Marie‐Claire A. , Steenbeeke Greg L. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPoorly studied species are potentially under‐prioritised by conservation programmes due to knowledge gaps presenting barriers to informing effective management strategies. The Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood, Pterostylis sp. Botany Bay, is an example of a poorly studied plant that is listed as endangered under both Commonwealth and New South Wales legislation. This study reports on archival surveys from 1998 to 2005 conducted at up to eight sites known to contain the Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood and follow‐up surveys in 2022. The archival surveys found that the total population count ranged from 83 to 341 individuals. Mean numbers (± standard error) of seedlings, flowering individuals and individuals exhibiting capsule development recorded in the population were 43 ± 14, 33 ± 9 and 2 ± 1 respectively. The 2022 surveys did not detect the species. An area of potential habitat was derived from records in biodiversity databases, which determined a total historical extent of 1.38 ha restricted to the Kurnell Peninsula in Sydney, New South Wales. The priority next step is to gather contemporary data to confirm whether the Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood remains extant, which can be done by applied researchers, students, landholders and land managers, botanical practitioners and/or volunteers. For optimal species detection, we recommend undertaking formal surveys or opportunistic searches in historically known sites and replicating detection efforts across July–September periods to exploit seasonal flowering.
Difference in the responses of male cicada Meimuna opalifera to the two parts of conspecific calling song
Authors: Kodama Takeru , Kasuya Eiiti , Tatsuta Haruki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMeimuna opalifera males emit extremely complex calling songs, with the main section comprising two parts. To investigate whether these two parts of the calling song have different meanings for the receivers, we conducted playback experiments. We counted and compared the number of response calls when different types of sound stimuli were presented under laboratory conditions. Meimuna opalifera males emitted significantly greater response calls during the playback of stimuli containing the former part of the songs than those containing the latter part only. This suggests that M. opalifera males tend to respond by detecting characteristics in the former part of the songs. Because the peak frequencies were similar between the former and the latter parts, the temporal patterns of the songs might be important in short‐range communication between males of M. opalifera.
Costs and benefits of trading with stock dealers: The case of systematic internalizers
Authors: Aramian Fatemeh , Nordén Lars L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSystematic internalizers are single‐dealer platforms run by investment firms that trade out of their own inventories by internalizing the trades off exchanges. We analyze the determinants of dealers' market shares and trading costs. We find that dealer trades have lower price impacts than exchange trades, consistent with uninformed traders seeking out dealers. Due to their ability to avoid trading with informed investors, dealers often undercut the exchange bid–ask spread when the spread is wide and the tick size is not binding. Dealers can therefore offer lower trading costs and gain a higher market share relative to exchanges.
Premature depolarisations in horses competing in United States Eventing Association and Fédération Equestre Internationale‐sanctioned 3‐day events
Authors: Durando Mary M. , Slack Joann , Birks Eric , Belcher Carolyn , Kohn Catherine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInjuries and sudden death during the cross‐country (XC) phase of eventing have raised interest in the frequency and types of cardiac arrhythmias occurring in these equine athletes.ObjectivesTo characterise the frequency and types of rhythm disturbances and examine possible risk factors for premature depolarisations (PDs) occurring during the XC phase of United States Eventing Association (USEA) and Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)‐sanctioned events.Study designProspective, cross‐sectional study.MethodsContinuous electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were obtained from horses prior to, during and immediately following the XC competition. Physiological rhythms pre‐XC were included in the arrhythmia group for analysis. The frequency of PDs was calculated for all horses, as well as by division. PDs were categorised by complexity (singles, couplets, triplets, complex) and variably grouped for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the presence of specific cardiac arrhythmia groupings during XC.ResultsPDs were identified in 42/75 horses (56% [45, 67]) during XC. Horses competing in the upper divisions of eventing had higher odds for having any PD during XC compared to the lower divisions (OR = 17.5 [4.3, 72.01],p = 0.006). The amount of time the heart rate (HR) was greater than 199 beats per minute (BPM) was associated with more complex arrhythmias (triplets, salvos and tachyarrhythmias) (OR = 1.01 [1.0, 1.02],p = 0.005). An arrhythmia at rest (physiological or PD) was associated with arrhythmia in the early recovery period (OR = 3.5 [1.1, 10.8],p = 0.03).Main limitationsConvenience sampling and technical challenges of continuous ECG recordings under competition settings limited the number of enrollments.ConclusionsPDs were seen in a high percentage of horses during the XC competition. Upper levels and time the HR was greater than 199 BPM were related to PD presence and complexity.
Exogenous GalR2‐specific peptide agonist as a tool for treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Serebryakova Larisa , Veselova Oksana , Studneva Irina , Dobrokhotov Igor , Palkeeva Marina , Avdeev Dmitry , Molokoedov Alexander , Ovchinnikov Michael , Sidorova Maria , Pisarenko Oleg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this work was to elucidate the role of GalR2 receptor activation in protecting the rat heart in vivo from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage by a pharmacological peptide agonist WTLNSAGYLLGPβAH‐OH (G1) and full‐length rat galanin GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAIDNHRSFSDKHGLT‐NH2 (G2) using M871, a selective inhibitor of GalR2.Methods:The peptides were prepared by the automatic solid‐phase synthesis using the Fmoc‐strategy and purified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A 40‐min left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by a 60‐min reperfusion was performed. The criteria for damage/protection of the heart were the infarct size (IS) and plasma activity of creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) at the end of reperfusion.Results:Intravenous injection of G1 or G2 at an optimal dose of 1 mg/kg at the fifth minute of reperfusion significantly reduced the IS (by 35% and 32%, respectively) and activity of CK‐MB at the end of reperfusion (by 43% and 38%, respectively) compared with the control. Administration of M871 (8 mg/kg) 5 min before the onset of reperfusion abolished the effects of G1 on IS and CK‐MB activity, returning them to control values. Co‐administration of M871 (8 mg/kg) with G2 attenuated protective effect of G2 on both IS and plasma СK‐MB activity. However, differences in these parameters between the M871+G2 and G2 groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.139 andP = 0.121, respectively).Conclusion:Thus, GalR2 is the principal receptor subtype that transduces the protective effects of galanin and ligand G1 in myocardial I/R injury. This suggests that GalR2‐specific peptide agonists could be used as drug candidates for treating ischemic heart disease.
Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation
Authors: de Mattos Raíne Fonseca , Matuo Caroline Megumi , Herling Valdo Rodrigues , Tech Adriano Rogério Bruno , Pereira Lilian Elgalise Techio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) inputs are recognised to maximise herbage mass (HM) in tropical perennial grasses, whereas less is clear on their impact on HM distribution and the effects on leaf mass (LM) and leaf area index (LAI) in the upper stratum. This 2 year study, carried out in Pirassununga, Brazil, assessed the HM distribution in the upper (>20 cm) and lower (<20 cm) strata in Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass maintained under similar pre‐ and post‐cutting canopy heights with contrasting N fertilisation rates applied after each cutting (no‐nitrogen, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha−1). The relevance of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N concentration (NLeaf), tiller weight (TW) and population density to the LM and LAI of the upper stratum were also examined. Mavuno grass expressed a stable HM < 20 cm (59%–71% during Year I and 66%–80% for Year II), and apparent N fertilisation impacts on HM > 20 cm were verified at specific regrowth cycles during Year II. Mavuno grass pastures expressed plasticity for adjustments on leaf, tiller and population attributes, which were modulated by both climatic conditions and N fertilisation. Under favourable growth conditions during Year I, fertilised pastures were able to sustain higher NLeaf and SLA but associated with lower TW, resulting in maximisation of LAI but not in LM in the upper stratum. During Year II, fertilised pastures expressed higher NLeaf, SLA, number of basal tillers, despite the lowest TW, which resulted in higher LAI and LM in the upper stratum compared with non‐fertilised pastures. Our results highlighted that adjustments on leaf and population attributes within the canopy were driven to maximise the upper stratum LAI, being positively affected by N fertilisation.
Transcriptional regulation of adipogenin expression in liver steatosis by hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma
Authors: Aibara Daisuke , Sakaguchi Ai , Matsusue Kimihiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and adipogenin (ADIG) play vital roles in lipid metabolism. However, the interaction between PPARγ and ADIG during liver steatosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PPARγ in the transcriptional regulation of hepatic ADIG expression. Adig was found to be highly expressed in various fatty liver mouse models. Although hepatic Adig was expressed at high levels in the fatty liver of type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice and was upregulated by PPARγ agonist treatment, it was expressed at significantly low levels in liver‐specific Pparg‐knockout mice. Moreover, hepatic Adig expression was observed in other mouse models of liver steatosis, such as the leptin receptor mutant db/db and alcohol‐fed mice. Adig was also highly expressed in the white and brown adipose tissues, skeletal muscles, and heart of ob/ob mice. Reporter and electromobility shift assays showed that PPARγ positively regulates Adig transcriptional activity by directly binding to a functional PPARγ‐responsive element in the promoter region. Our results indicate that Adig is a novel target gene of hepatic PPARγ in liver steatosis.
The science of talismans today
Authors: Anderson Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe science of talismans was cultivated in Arabic, Greek, and Latin in the first millennium AD and entered European vernaculars in the seventeenth century. Its primary concern is the ability of images to produce effects in the world, even at a distance. In the eighteenth century, European intellectual discourse rejected the talisman on physical, moral, and aesthetic grounds. Today, it has returned and forms the object of distinctive and mutually complementary programs of study in art history, anthropology, and media studies. Its primary interest lies in its account of visual form as an intelligible cause and thereby as a mediator between distinct domains of experience.
Transitional care of older ethnic minority patients: An integrative review
Authors: Dolu İlknur , Hayter Mark , Serrant Laura 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo critically synthesize the empirical literature on practice in transitional care and how to meet the care needs of older ethnic minority populations who discharged from hospital to community.DesignAn integrative literature review integrating empirical studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EBSCO (including CINAHL and MEDLINE) and Scopus were searched for papers published between 2012 and September 2022.Review MethodsFull‐text papers were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria subsequent to screening titles and abstracts. All included papers were evaluated for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklists. After extracting findings, themes were created by critically examining and synthesizing of findings.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 1180 studies, 1153 after removing duplicates and 27 papers meeting the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in the review. The main findings were categorized into four themes: (i) intervention‐related outcomes; (ii) unmet needs of older minority people; (iii) transitional care–related characteristics of older minority people and (iv) challenges for healthcare providers. Findings indicated that the transitional care experience of ethnic minority older populations differed from natives to some extent which revealed unmet needs addressing how to provide culturally appropriate transitional care for this population.ConclusionThis review gave insight into facilitators in the transitional care of ethnic minority older adults. Future transitional care interventions should incorporate needs of ethnic minority population.ImpactThis review highlighted the defined gaps between existing transitional care programmes and transitional care needs of older ethnic minority. Increasing follow‐up completion, evidence defining deeply of ethnic phenomenon in the transitional care process, developing interventions that meet transitional care needs and increasing healthcare providers' cultural competency were featured headlines.No Patient or Public Contribution.