bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free rank of symmetry of products of Dold manifolds
Authors: Dey Pinka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDold manifolds $P(m,n)$ are certain twisted complex projective space bundles over real projective spaces and serve as generators for the unoriented cobordism algebra of smooth manifolds. The paper investigates the structure of finite groups that act freely on products of Dold manifolds. It is proved that if a finite group G acts freely and $ \mathbb{Z}_2 $ cohomologically trivially on a finite CW-complex homotopy equivalent to ${\prod_{i=1}^{k} P(2m_i,n_i)}$, then $G\cong (\mathbb{Z}_2)^l$ for some $l\leq k$ (see Theorem A for the exact bound). We also determine some bounds in the case when for each i, ni is even and mi is arbitrary. As a consequence, the free rank of symmetry of these manifolds is determined for cohomologically trivial actions.
Synchronization of coupled map lattices
Authors: Baraviera Alexandre , Duarte Pedro , Torres Maria Joana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we address the issue of synchronization of coupled systems, introducing concepts of local and global synchronization for a class of systems that extend the model of coupled map lattices. A criterion for local synchronization is given; numerical experiments are exhibited to illustrate the criteria and also to raise some questions in the end of the text.
The Indian Civil Service, Classical Studies, and an Education in Empire, 1890–1914
Authors: Ellis Heather 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe years between 1890 and 1914 saw several prominent studies from statesmen-administrators comparing British India with the Roman empire. These were not the self-congratulatory comparisons of earlier decades, but serious comparative studies aimed at learning practical lessons from Rome's successes and failures. To gain a clearer picture of the significance of these analogies and how they were used, the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination papers from the same period are analysed. It is argued that, following a move in 1892 to make the ICS a fully graduate service, the Civil Service commissioners showed a sustained interest in asking candidates to compare India (and the wider British empire) with the empires of Rome and Greece. Rome was considered particularly relevant for the directly ruled parts of the empire, with a focus on provincial administration and frontier defence, while Athens was preferred for questions of colonial federation. In the final section, the spread of subjects and weighting of marks within the examination are considered. It is argued that a series of changes post-1892 were designed to favour candidates who had studied Classics at university enabling them to obtain a higher proportion of the overall marks than those specializing in other subjects.
Does Language Entropy Shape Cognitive Performance? A Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Wagner Danika , Bekas Katerina , Bialystok Ellen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch examining the cognitive consequences of bilingualism has increasingly relied on continuous measures to capture the degree and nature of bilingual experience, using such variables as proficiency, age of acquisition, and language environments. One such measure, language entropy, indexes the social diversity of contexts in which each language is used. The construct was developed in a particular bilingual context, Montréal, Canada. The present study investigated the extent to which it also applies to a context in which social language use is substantially different from that of Montréal – namely, Toronto, Canada. Following the procedures in the original study, participants were assigned an entropy score and performed the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). Performance was associated with self-rated language proficiency, but unlike the results from Montréal, was not associated with entropy scores. Therefore, differences in the language context influence whether language entropy is related to behavioral performance on a cognitive task.
Faktorenstruktur und Validierung einer Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Erfassung von therapiebezogenen Einstellungen (TBE-SV) im Straf- und Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Hausam Joscha , Querengässer Jan , Sauter Julia , Vogel Joanna , Dahle und Klaus-Peter 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Therapiemotivation von Straftäter_innen gilt gemeinhin als wichtige Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung. Dennoch mangelt es derzeit an reliablen und validen Messinstrumenten. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte eine Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Erfassung von therapiebezogenen Einstellungen (TBE-SV) in einer männlichen Stichprobe des Straf- ( n = 215, M = 34.56 Jahre, SD = 14.07) und Maßregelvollzugs ( n = 281, M = 38.08 Jahre, SD = 11.91). Die fünf Faktoren des TBE-SV konnten mit einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenaanalyse weitestgehend repliziert werden χ²‍(242) = 421.46, p < .001, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .039) und eine Messinvarianzprüfung wies auf metrische Invarianz hin. Die Subskalen wiesen niedrige bis akzeptable Reliabilitätskoeffizienten auf (McDonalds ω = .51 – .87). Jüngere Probanden ( r = -.28) und jene mit niedrigerem Bildungsniveau ( r = -.17) gaben ungünstigere Theapieeinstellungen an. Schließlich unterstreichen die Korrelationen mit diversen Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen die konvergente und diskriminante Validität des TBE-SV. Es kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass der TBE-SV, der ursprünglich für Personen im Strafvollzug konzipiert wurde, auch für die Anwendung im Maßregelvollzug geeignet ist. Ansatzpunkte zur Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens werden abschließend kritisch diskutiert.
The Environmental Responsibility Framework: A Toolbox for Recognizing and Promoting Ecologically Conscious Research
Authors: Murray Desneiges S. , Cole Isabel , Nunez Nicholas , Parker Eric M. , Mikulis Anna , Herreid Allison M. , Donovan Mitchell , Fazekas Hannah M. , Wymore Adam S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEthical guidelines have provided a cornerstone for morally appropriate research on human or other vertebrate animal subjects since at least 1945. By contrast, although there are environmental impacts associated with all science research activities (including field, laboratory, and computational projects), no comprehensive guiding framework to determine environmentally responsible research practices has been proposed. Drawing from existing models within social, medical, and animal sciences, we propose a framework for explicitly incorporating environmentally focused ethics into scientific research. The Environmental Responsibility 5‐R Framework (ER5F) is centered around Recognition, Refinement, Reduction, Replacement, and Restoration. ER5F starts with Recognizing that research can have environmental consequences, while each subsequent “R” serves as an opportunity for acknowledging, evaluating, and mitigating the environmental impacts of scientific research. These R's include: Refining research questions, Reducing the resources and energy consumed, Replacing materials with sustainable options and altering methods, and in the case of field research, Restoring an environment to mitigate any harm done. By introducing this novel and approachable framework, we strive to promote enhanced awareness across the entire scientific community by encouraging researchers to recognize their responsibility and identify potential mitigation opportunities for the environmental consequences of their research activities. We affirm that in doing so, scientists can more effectively balance the dual goals of maximizing their novel research outputs while minimizing possible harm to the environment.
Comment on “Ionospheric and Magnetic Signatures of a Space Weather Event on 25–29 August 2018: CME and HSSWs” by Younas et al. (2020)
Authors: Kader Sk Samin , Dashora N. , Niranjan K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA recent study by Younas et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja027981, referred to hereafter as Y20) has shown incorrect results of the variations in the level‐3 data of [O/N2] ratio obtained from global ultra violet imager on board TIMED satellite. Y20 have shown the variations in [O/N2] ratio during 25–28 August 2018 but they have wrongly mapped the corresponding longitudes of the orbits in east‐west direction. So, the decrements and enhancements in the [O/N2] ratio are misinterpreted by Y20 in combination with their results on TEC (total electron content). Also, they have derived hemispheric asymmetry in [O/N2] ratio, the variations of which are not reproducible in similar shape from the same data set and method. The results of Y20 on wrong mapping of [O/N2] ratio are further repeated by Bolaji et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja029068). We provide a correct method, validate it and call for the needful corrections in both the papers.
Downward Momentum Flux: An Important Mechanism of Typhoon Maintaining Ground Destructive Force
Authors: Lan Changxing , Xie Jielan , Li Lei , Wang Baomin , Yang Honglong , Lu Jieying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnder the background of global climate change, typhoons have been attracting increasing attention due to their extraordinary destructive potential and great impact on the coastal areas of the South China Sea. Although the risk of strong winds related to typhoons has long been of interest, less is known about the underlying mechanism responsible for the severe near‐surface winds. Using eddy covariance data collected at four different heights on a 365‐m meteorological tower located in a coastal region, the characteristics of the convective typhoon boundary layer and the associated turbulence structures are compared with their counterparts in the “textbook” dynamically unstable boundary layer. In the convective typhoon boundary layer, bulk wind shear predominates the generation of mechanical turbulence, enhancing the vertical correlation between vertical layers. The spectral analysis highlights the salient features of turbulent structures under the convective typhoon boundary layer, confirming that the gust disturbance with the nondimensional frequency ranging from 0.003 to 0.3 modulates not only turbulent transports but also the horizontal flow. Such gusts with reduced phase difference enhance the downward momentum transport, mainly responsible for the maintenance of the strong near‐surface winds during typhoon landfalls.
Impact of the Indian Ocean SST on Wintertime Total Column Ozone Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Duan Jiakang , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Jiankai , Hu Yihang , Yang Jingyi , Wang Tao , Huang Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing various observations and a chemistry‐climate model, this study investigates the impact of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) on the wintertime total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Our analysis reveals that increases in TCO over the TP are accompanied by anomalously high Indian Ocean SSTs, and vice versa. Further analysis reveals that high Indian Ocean SSTs are accompanied by a narrowing of the northern branch of the Hadley cell, and consequently, the subtropical westerly jet in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) tends to shift southward. The southward shift of subtropical westerly jet can lead to a descent of tropopause and higher lower‐stratospheric temperatures over the TP. The latter causes a descent of isentropic surfaces in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Rossby waves triggered by diabatic heating in the upper troposphere over the Indian Ocean can also lead to a descent of isentropic surfaces over the TP. On the other hand, local descending motions over the TP caused by the Gill Pattern circulation and enhanced Brewer‐Dobson circulation bring ozone‐rich air in the lower stratosphere downward. The descent of tropopause and isentropic surfaces and the downward transport of ozone lead to a downward shift of ozone profiles, and consequently, TCO increases over the TP. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, during 1996–2020 the Indian Ocean SST increase and the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine decline dominate the wintertime TCO increase over the TP, which is partly offset by the TCO decline due to the TP warming.
Three‐Dimensional Simulations of Ultra‐Relativistic Electron Acceleration During the 21 April 2017 Storm
Authors: Guo Deyu , Xiang Zheng , Ni Binbin , Jin Taifeng , Zhou Ruoxian , Yi Juan , Liu Yangxizi , Dong Junhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe acceleration mechanisms of ultra‐relativistic electrons (>∼5 MeV) have received more and more attention in the Van Allen Probes era. Both chorus waves and radial diffusion are considered capable of accelerating ultra‐relativistic electrons, and their roles in acceleration still under debate today. In this study, we present 3‐D simulations for evaluating the evolutions of ultra‐relativistic electron phase space density (PSD) during a weak storm on April 2017. Comparison of simulation results with observations suggests that local peaks in PSD profile of ultra‐relativistic electrons are generated by chorus waves, then smoothed and widened due to the transport of electrons from the peak to either side by radial diffusion. Chorus waves act dominantly in the acceleration of ultra‐relativistic electrons while radial diffusion assists. We also found that radial diffusion coefficient model of W. Liu et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067398) is more suitable and reasonable than model of Brautigam and Albert (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900344) for 3‐D simulation of ultra‐relativistic electrons. A more accurate radial diffusion coefficient model is vital and demanded for quantitatively evaluating the contribution of these two mechanisms for ultra‐relativistic electrons acceleration in the future.
Environmental selection, rather than neutral processes, best explain regional patterns of diversity in a tropical rainforest fish
Authors: Gates Katie , Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Brauer Chris J. , Unmack Peter J. , Laporte Martin , Bernatchez Louis , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo conserve the high functional and genetic variation in hotspots such as tropical rainforests, it is essential to understand the forces driving and maintaining biodiversity. We asked to what extent environmental gradients and terrain structure affect morphological and genomic variation across the wet tropical distribution of an Australian rainbowfish,Melanotaenia splendida splendida. We used an integrative riverscape genomics and morphometrics framework to assess the influence of these factors on both putative adaptive and non-adaptive spatial divergence. We found that neutral genetic population structure was largely explainable by restricted gene flow among drainages. However, environmental associations revealed that ecological variables had a similar power to explain overall genetic variation, and greater power to explain body shape variation, than the included neutral covariables. Hydrological and thermal variables were the strongest environmental predictors and were correlated with traits previously linked to heritable habitat-associated dimorphism in rainbowfishes. In addition, climate-associated genetic variation was significantly associated with morphology, supporting heritability of shape variation. These results support the inference of evolved functional differences among localities, and the importance of hydroclimate in early stages of diversification. We expect that substantial evolutionary responses will be required in tropical rainforest endemics to mitigate local fitness losses due to changing climates.
Design and synthesis of strong root gravitropism inhibitors with no concomitant growth inhibition
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Makigawa Saki , Sun Jun , Kodama Kozue , Sugiyama Hiromi , Matsumoto Kenji , Iwata Takayuki , Wasano Naoya , Kano Arihiro , Morita Miyo Terao , Fujii Yoshiharu , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe a highly potent gravitropic bending inhibitor with no concomitant growth inhibition. Previously, we reported that (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) selectively inhibits root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM. Based on the structure–activity relationship study of ku-76 as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized various C4-substituted analogs of ku-76. Among the analogs, 4-phenylethynyl analog exhibited the highest potency for gravitropic bending inhibition, which was effective at only 0.01 μM. Remarkably, 4-phenylethynyl analog is much more potent than the known inhibitor, NPA. Substitution in the para position on the aromatic ring of 4-phenylethynyl group was tolerated without diminished activity. In addition, evaluation using Arabidopsis indicated that 4-phenylethynyl analog inhibits gravitropism by affecting auxin distribution in the root tips. Based on the effects on Arabidopsis phenotypes, 4-phenylethynyl analog may be a novel inhibitor that differs in action from the previously reported auxin transport inhibitors.
Alkyl chain length of quaternized SBA-15 and solution conditions determine hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions for carbamazepine adsorption
Authors: Kang Jin-Kyu , Lee Hyebin , Kim Song-Bae , Bae Hyokwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSanta Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA) is a stable and mesoporous silica material. Quaternized SBA-15 with alkyl chains (QSBA) exhibits electrostatic attraction for anionic molecules via the N+ moiety of the ammonium group, whereas its alkyl chain length determines its hydrophobic interactions. In this study, QSBA with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized using the trimethyl, dimethyloctyl, and dimethyoctadecyl groups (C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, respectively). Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely prescribed pharmaceutical compound, but is difficult to remove using conventional water treatments. The CBZ adsorption characteristics of QSBA were examined to determine its adsorption mechanism by changing the alkyl chain length and solution conditions (pH and ionic strength). A longer alkyl chain resulted in slower adsorption (up to 120 min), while the amount of CBZ adsorbed was higher for longer alkyl chains per unit mass of QSBA at equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacities of C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, were 3.14, 6.56, and 24.5 mg/g, respectively, as obtained using the Langmuir model. For the tested initial CBZ concentrations (2–100 mg/L), the adsorption capacity increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Because CBZ does not dissociate readily (pKa = 13.9), stable hydrophobic adsorption was observed despite the changes in pH (0.41–0.92, 1.70–2.24, and 7.56–9.10 mg/g for C1QSBA, C8QSBA, and C18QSBA, respectively); the exception was pH 2. Increasing the ionic strength from 0.1 to 100 mM enhanced the adsorption capacity of C18QSBA from 9.27 ± 0.42 to 14.94 ± 0.17 mg/g because the hydrophobic interactions were increased while the electrostatic attraction of the N+ was reduced. Thus, the ionic strength was a stronger control factor determining hydrophobic adsorption of CBZ than the solution pH. Based on the changes in hydrophobicity, which depends on the alkyl chain length, it was possible to enhance CBZ adsorption and investigate the adsorption mechanism in detail. Thus, this study aids the development of adsorbents suitable for pharmaceuticals with controlling molecular structure of QSBA and solution conditions.
Sperm physiology and in vitro fertilising ability rely on basal metabolic activity: insights from the pig model
Authors: Mateo-Otero Yentel , Madrid-Gambin Francisco , Llavanera Marc , Gomez-Gomez Alex , Haro Noemí , Pozo Oscar J. , Yeste Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhether basal metabolic activity in sperm has any influence on their fertilising capacity has not been explored. Using the pig as a model, the present study investigated the relationship of energetic metabolism with sperm quality and function (assessed through computer-assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry), and fertility (in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes). In semen samples from 16 boars, levels of metabolites related to glycolysis, ketogenesis and Krebs cycle were determined through a targeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. High-quality sperm are associated to greater levels of glycolysis-derived metabolites, and oocyte fertilisation and embryo development are conditioned by the sperm metabolic status. Interestingly, glycolysis appears to be the preferred catabolic pathway of the sperm giving rise to greater percentages of embryos at day 6. In conclusion, this study shows that the basal metabolic activity of sperm influences their function, even beyond fertilisation.
Asteroseismic age constraints on the open cluster NGC 2477 using oscillating stars identified with TESS FFI
Authors: Palakkatharappil D. B. , Creevey O. L. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Asteroseismology is one of the few methods to derive ages of individual stars due to the high precision of their observations. Isochrone fitting is a powerful alternative method for deriving ages by studying clusters of stars. Pulsating stars in clusters should therefore allow for detailed studies of the stellar models.
Aims. Our objectives are to exploit the NASA TESS data along with ESA Gaia data to search for and detect oscillations in cluster member stars. We analyse the intermediate-age open cluster NGC 2477, known to suffer from differential extinction, to explore if asteroseismology and cluster characteristics can help us understand the metallicity and extinction, as well as result in better age determinations than isochrone-fitting alone.
Methods. We combined a multitude of recent observations from Gaia, high-resolution spectroscopy, and extinction maps to analyse the cluster and then search for and detect variability in the member stars using TESS full frame images (FFIs) data. To interpret all of these data, we used stellar structure, evolution and oscillation codes.
Results. We conducted an in-depth analysis of the extinction and metallicity of NGC 2477, using the most recent spectroscopic, photometric, and extinction observations for the cluster. Analysis of dust and extinction maps confirmed that the differential extinction in the direction of the cluster is not due to the background. The cluster’s metallicity from high-resolution spectroscopy varies from 0.06 to 0.16 dex. We performed an isochrone fitting to the cluster using publically available isochrones (BASTI, MIST, and PARSEC), which provides a cluster age of between 0.6 to 1.1 Ga. Then using TESS FFI, we analysed the time dimension of the members of this cluster. We created optimised pixel light curves using the tessipack package which allows us to consider possible contamination by nearby stars. Using these light curves, we identified many interesting levels of variability of stars in this cluster, including binaries and oscillating stars. For the asteroseismic analysis, we selected a few uncontaminated A–F type oscillating stars and used the MESA and GYRE codes to interpret the frequency signals. By comparing the theoretical and the observed spectra, we identified frequency separations, Δν, for four stars. Then using the identified Δν and imposing that the best matched theoretical models have the same age, metallicity, and background extinction, we constrained the cluster’s age to 1.0 ± 0.1 Ga.
Conclusions. We conclude that using the TESS FFI data, we can identify oscillating stars in clusters and constrain the age of the cluster using asteroseismology.