bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing wartime economic controls: Productivity and firm dynamics in the Japanese cotton spinning industry, 1937–9
Authors: Okazaki Tetsuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1937, the Japanese government accelerated the expansion of its military expenditure and began to impose controls on the economy to maintain the balance of international payments. The controls were developed through trial and error. The cotton spinning industry was one of the industries most deeply affected by these controls. Initially, the government simply reduced the allocation of foreign exchange for raw cotton imports. However, because this measure prevented the export of cotton products, especially to countries outside the yen bloc, a new scheme of control, the ‘export–import link system’, was adopted from the second half of 1938. This scheme was intentionally designed to give firms incentives to export to non‐yen bloc countries and to incorporate elements of market mechanisms into the system of economic controls. Analysing firm‐level data, we find that under the link system, firms with higher labour productivity (LP) tended to grow faster, as occurs under a market economy. This relationship was not observed during the early stage of the controls. This difference is reflected in the pattern of change in aggregate LP. Under the export–import link system, the positive reallocation effect was substantial, similar to a market economy, whereas it was almost zero under the early controls. These findings indicate that the design of controls matters for the performance of controlled economies.
Interannual variability in the trophic niche of young‐of‐year fish belonging to four piscivorous species coexisting in a natural lake
Authors: Westrelin Samuel , Balzani Paride , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Santoul Frédéric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Predatory fish species play a key role in aquatic ecosystems by exerting top‐down control on the food web. Also, their intra‐guild trophic interactions (i.e. competition) are crucial for the stability of the community. However, most studies focus on adult stages, while juveniles remain poorly studied, although their recruitment is the basis for the maintenance of predator populations.

We analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ratios of the young‐of‐year of four coexisting widespread predatory fish species (northern pike Esox lucius, European perch Perca fluviatilis, pikeperch Sander lucioperca, and European catfish Silurus glanis), sampled over 3 years in a shallow natural lake.

We found that the hierarchy in trophic position between species was consistent across years and similar to that known for adults, but with large variations around a general pattern: pike and pikeperch tended to occupy the highest trophic positions while perch occupied the lowest, and catfish had very varying positions.

Species partitioned their niches to decrease interspecific competition, but with some occasional overlaps, contributing to preserving their body condition. Depending on density, which was particularly impacted by harsh environmental conditions, niche overlap fluctuated across years, leading to niche enlargement of densely populated species, except for catfish.

These mechanisms enabled species coexistence, allowing the co‐occurrence of alien and native predators within the same ecosystem.

This work advocates for time‐integrated studies of trophic webs because they capture the variability of their dynamics better than a static picture. This is particularly true for juveniles whose survival strongly depends on their capacity to cope with competition. Information from trophic mid‐term studies of juveniles provides valuable guidance for optimised management of species.
High temperature events shape the broadscale distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Corey Emily , Linnansaari Tommi , Cunjak Richard A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Summer water temperatures within many temperate rivers regularly surpass the incipient lethal temperature for juvenile Atlantic salmon (c. 27°C), causing widescale abandonment of territory in favour of areas of cooler water (thermal refuges). This study aims to highlight the influence of thermal refuges on river‐scale abundance patterns. That is, do salmon parr adjust their distribution over time according to proximity to thermal refuges?

Twelve reaches (seven reference: five refuge) were chosen along a 17‐km section of the Little Southwest Miramichi River in Canada. Reaches were sampled throughout the 2011 and 2012 summer periods; high temperature events were recorded during summer 2012 but not summer 2011.

Multivariate principal component analyses indicated no discernible difference in habitat characteristics between the reach‐types under normal thermal conditions. However, reaches containing a thermal refuge had a significant increase in relative abundance of parr immediately after a series of high temperature events (water temperature >26°C) in 2012 (p = 0.034). This increase in relative abundance in refuge reaches was not present during the summer of 2011 when no temperature events occurred (p = 0.088), prior to the event of 2012 (p = 0.999), or at the late autumn survey following the 2012 event (p = 0.999).

Difference in temperature between refuge and mainstem reaches significantly influenced the suitability of a tributary as a thermal refuge habitat (R2 = 0.84), with preference shown for cooler refuges. River‐wide thermal heterogeneity therefore plays a critical role in survival of juvenile salmon throughout summer months and is likely to become necessary under future climate change scenarios.
When things get MESI: The Manipulation Experiments Synthesis Initiative—A coordinated effort to synthesize terrestrial global change experiments
Authors: Van Sundert Kevin , Leuzinger Sebastian , Bader Martin K.‐F. , Chang Scott X. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Langley J. Adam , Ma Zilong , Mariën Bertold , Reynaert Simon , Ru Jingyi , Song Jian , Stocker Benjamin , Terrer César , Thoresen Joshua , Vanuytrecht Eline , Wan Shiqiang , Yue Kai , Vicca Sara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResponses of the terrestrial biosphere to rapidly changing environmental conditions are a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. In an effort to reduce this uncertainty, a wide range of global change experiments have been conducted that mimic future conditions in terrestrial ecosystems, manipulating CO2, temperature, and nutrient and water availability. Syntheses of results across experiments provide a more general sense of ecosystem responses to global change, and help to discern the influence of background conditions such as climate and vegetation type in determining global change responses. Several independent syntheses of published data have yielded distinct databases for specific objectives. Such parallel, uncoordinated initiatives carry the risk of producing redundant data collection efforts and have led to contrasting outcomes without clarifying the underlying reason for divergence. These problems could be avoided by creating a publicly available, updatable, curated database. Here, we report on a global effort to collect and curate 57,089 treatment responses across 3644 manipulation experiments at 1145 sites, simulating elevated CO2, warming, nutrient addition, and precipitation changes. In the resulting Manipulation Experiments Synthesis Initiative (MESI) database, effects of experimental global change drivers on carbon and nutrient cycles are included, as well as ancillary data such as background climate, vegetation type, treatment magnitude, duration, and, unique to our database, measured soil properties. Our analysis of the database indicates that most experiments are short term (one or few growing seasons), conducted in the USA, Europe, or China, and that the most abundantly reported variable is aboveground biomass. We provide the most comprehensive multifactor global change database to date, enabling the research community to tackle open research questions, vital to global policymaking. The MESI database, freely accessible at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7153253, opens new avenues for model evaluation and synthesis‐based understanding of how global change affects terrestrial biomes. We welcome contributions to the database on GitHub.
Dimensional Characterization of Groundwater Oblique Flow Problems with Heat Transport
Authors: Jiménez‐Valera José Antonio , Alhama Francisco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA dimensional study of two problems in which groundwater flow is oblique has been carried out in order to characterize the vertical profiles of temperature along the domain affected by the flow, determining an input region in which the profiles depend on the horizontal position followed by a region in which profiles only depend on the vertical component of the flow. In the first problem, the horizontal and vertical components of velocity are constant. In the second scenario, the oblique flow of groundwater is generated because in the boundary conditions, the hydraulic potentials present a constant value. From the discriminated dimensional analysis of the mathematical model (governing equations and boundary conditions), the dependencies of the unknowns of greatest interest, characteristic lengths for the development of temperature‐depth profiles, velocity profiles and the temperature field, with the dimensionless groups deduced are established. Once these dependencies have been verified, they are graphically represented by means of curves and surfaces as universal solutions to these problems. Based on these universal solutions an inverse problem protocol for estimating water flows from temperature measurements is proposed. The use of universal graphs of the two proposed scenarios avoids the large number of numerical simulations that this type of problem required.
‘No one's ever said anything about sleep’: A qualitative investigation into mothers' experiences of sleep in children with epilepsy
Authors: Cook Georgia , Gringras Paul , Hiscock Harriet , Pal Deb K. , Wiggs Luci 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSleep problems in children with epilepsy (CWE) are common. However, little is known about parental experiences and feelings about managing sleep in their CWE. To provide the most appropriate services' provision, it is essential that the lived experience of parents of this patient group and the issues and problems that they face in managing their child's sleep is understood.MethodIn 2018, nine mothers of CWE (aged 5–15 years) were interviewed about their perceptions and experiences around their child's sleep, sleep problems and their management, the impact of sleep difficulties on the child and their family and available support.ResultsFour themes were identified that represented the nature of the child's sleep problems, including settling and night‐waking issues, parasomnias and child anxiety around sleep. Seven themes represented mothers' experiences of managing their child's sleep and any associated problems, including the longstanding challenging nature of child sleep issues, management strategies adopted, challenges related to managing sleep over time, the link between sleep and seizures, the negative impact of poor sleep on daytime functioning, role of antiseizure medication and maternal concerns about child sleep. One theme represented the perceived lack of information, help and support available.ConclusionsFindings suggest there are unmet needs in supporting parents to deal with sleep, sleep problems and their management in CWE.Patient or Public ContributionThis individual study was conducted under the umbrella of the CASTLE research programme (see https://castlestudy.org.uk/). Parents who have lived experience of parenting a child with epilepsy were co‐applicants for the programme and were involved in the original conception, aims, design and funding application for the research programme (including the project reported in this paper) and advised on project design. Mothers of CWE who have lived experience of managing sleep and sleep problems in their child were participants who shared their experiences through the interviews, which formed the data of the current study.
Apatite oxynitride phosphor (Mg,Y)5Si3(O,N)13:Ce3+,Mn2+: A single‐phased host with solar‐like and efficient emission
Authors: Wu Yanzheng , Li Weiqiang , Zheng Yifan , Xu Yiqin , Wen Dawei , Molokeev Maxim S. , Pan Zaifa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring pursuing high color rendering index for full‐color‐emitting phosphor, low quantum efficiency (QE) is usually accompanying. We intend to elevate the luminescence efficiency when realizing a solar‐like spectra distribution, by constructing apatite structure oxynitride, inheriting high covalence and rigidity from oxynitride, and suitable multiple cation sites from oxyapatite compounds. Full‐color‐emitting apatite structure oxynitride phosphor (Mg,Y)5Si3(O,N)13:Ce3+,Mn2+ has been prepared, and the crystal sites’ occupancies of activators in this host were favorable for white emission. (Mg,Y)5Si3(O,N)13:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphor shows whole visible light with emission wavelength ranging from 370 to 750 nm, matching the spectra of sunlight quite well. The fabricated white light‐emitting diode lamp demonstrated the distinctive overall performance of QE and chromaticity properties (Ra and R9). Furthermore, correlated color temperature is tunable from cool nature to warm white. The obtained lamp possesses the feature of less blue light hazard and high saturation of red degree, compared with the commercial YAG‐based lamp.
Perceptions of Black and White individuals sentenced for violent and nonviolent crimes
Authors: Bass Annabelle , Choi Jihye , Dickter Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe US judicial system is rife with racial discrimination against Black individuals at every stage. The current study aimed to examine perceptions of individuals accused of crimes and perceptions of sentencing decisions. Furthermore, we aimed to examine whether implicit and explicit racial bias would affect these perceptions. White university students (n = 157) and noncollege adults (n = 224) viewed fictitious electronic case records for Black and White target individuals convicted of a nonviolent drug crime or a violent assault crime. They rated the targets on positive and negative traits and completed measures of explicit and implicit racial bias. Findings indicated that university student participants rated the White targets more negatively and less positively than the Black targets across both crimes. The nonuniversity sample rated the Black targets more negatively than the White targets for the violent crime. On ratings of deservingness of incarceration and fairness of the sanction, participants had similar perceptions for Black and White targets. Furthermore, participants in our studies who reported greater explicit bias also evaluated the Black target less positively, more negatively, as more violent, and as more deserving of incarceration. More negative implicit bias was significantly associated with less positive evaluations of the Black target and greater endorsement that the target deserved incarceration. These findings have implications for criminal justice and judicial reform.
HRAS mutation positive multiple myeloma in the type 2 CALR mutation positive essential thrombocythemia: A case report
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof , Kopydłowska Agata , Kanduła Zuzanna , Sankowski Bartłomiej , Machnicki Marcin , Barańska Marta , Gwóźdź‐Bąk Kinga , Kubicki Tadeusz , Płotka Anna , Przysiecka Łucja , Dworacki Grzegorz , Kozłowski Piotr , Stokłosa Tomasz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOut of BCR‐ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPNPh−) patients, 3%–14% display a concomitant monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). In most cases, the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia is either synchronous with that of MPNPh− or occurs later on. We present a 50‐year‐old patient with type 2 CALR Lys385Asnfs*47 mutation positive essential thrombocythemia (ET) who developed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) 13 years after the diagnosis of ET during PEG‐INF2α treatment. The NGS study performed at the time of the MM diagnosis revealed the HRAS Val14Gly/c.41T〉G mutation and the wild type CALR, JAK2 and MPL gene sequence. In the presented case, the complete molecular remission of ET was achieved after 16 months of PEG‐INF2α treatment. The origin of MM cells in MPNPh− patients remains unknown. Published data suggests that type 2 CALRins5 up‐regulate the ATF6 chaperone targets in hematopoietic cells and activate the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α‐X‐box‐binding protein 1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) system to drive malignancy. It cannot be excluded that endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by the increased ATF6 resulted in an abnormal redox homeostasis and proteostasis, which are factors linked to MM. The presented case history and the proposed mechanism of mutant CALR interaction with UPR and/or ATF6 should initiate the discussion about the possible impact of the mutant CALR protein on the function and genomic stability of different types of myeloid cells, including progenitor cells.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of 1% glycopyrronium bromide cream in patients with severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis: Results from a Phase 3b trial
Authors: Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Abels Christoph , Kilic Ana , Reich Hubert , Berger Birgit , Schulze zur Wiesche Erik , Schramm Katharina , Litzka Leonie , Heimstaedt‐Muskett Susanne , Masur Clarissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAHH) strongly affects the patient's quality of life. To date, topical treatment options are limited. One percent glycopyrronium bromide (GPB) showed promising efficacy and safety in a pivotal 4‐week Phase 3a study.ObjectivesTo assess efficacy and safety of topical 1% GPB cream in patients with severe PAHH in a long‐term study of 72 weeks versus baseline.MethodsThis was a long‐term, open‐label, Phase 3b trial for 72 weeks including 518 patients with severe PAHH. Patients were treated with 1% GPB cream once daily for 4 weeks, followed by a flexible dosing scheme (min. twice per week, max. once daily). Primary endpoint was the absolute change in sweat production from baseline to week 12. Further study endpoints included assessment of the severity of PAHH and the impact on quality of life.ResultsTotal median sweat production decreased by 119.30 mg (−65.6%, both median) until week 12. Absolute change in sweat production from baseline to week 12 in logarithmic values was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Patients' quality of life was improved at all study time points compared to baseline, as assessed by Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index (p < 0.0001). Treatment was safe and locally well‐tolerated with only few mild to moderate adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Dry mouth and application site erythema were the most common reported ADRs.ConclusionsTreatment with 1% GPB cream over 72 weeks significantly reduces sweat production and improves quality of life in patients with severe PAHH. One percent GPB cream is well‐tolerated and provides an effective treatment option for long‐term use in patients with severe PAHH.
Generalized pustular psoriasis: A global Delphi consensus on clinical course, diagnosis, treatment goals and disease management
Authors: Puig Lluís , Choon Siew Eng , Gottlieb Alice B. , Marrakchi Slaheddine , Prinz Jörg C. , Romiti Ricardo , Tada Yayoi , von Bredow Dorothea , Gooderham Melinda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and highly heterogeneous skin disease, characterized by flares of neutrophilic pustules and erythema. As a rare disease with few clinical studies and no standardized management approaches, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding GPP.ObjectivesConduct a Delphi panel study to identify current evidence and gain advanced insights into GPP.MethodsA systematic literature review was used to identify published literature and develop statements categorized into four key domains: clinical course and flare definition; diagnosis; treatment goals; and holistic management. Statements were rated on a Likert scale by a panel of dermatologists in two rounds of online questionnaires; the threshold for consensus was agreement by ≥80%.ResultsTwenty‐one panellists reached consensus on 70.9%, 61.8%, 100.0% and 81.8% of statements in the ‘clinical course and flare definition’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘treatment goals’ and ‘holistic management of GPP’ domains, respectively. There was clear consensus on GPP being phenotypically, genetically and immunologically distinct from plaque psoriasis. Clinical course is highly variable, with an extensive range of complications. Clinical and histologic features supporting GPP diagnosis reached high levels of agreement, and although laboratory evaluations were considered helpful for diagnosis and monitoring disease severity, there was uncertainty around the value of individual tests. All acute and long‐term treatment goals reached consensus, including rapid and sustained clearance of pustules, erythema, scaling and crust, clearance of skin lesions and prevention of new flares. Potential triggers, associated comorbidities and differential diagnoses achieved low rates of consensus, indicating that further evidence is needed.ConclusionsGlobal consensus between dermatologists was reached on clinically meaningful goals for GPP treatment, on key features of GPP flares and on approaches for assessing disease severity and multidisciplinary management of patients. On this basis, we present a management algorithm for patients with GPP for use in clinical practice.
Outlier detection in dermatology: Performance of different convolutional neural networks for binary classification of inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Schielein Maximilian C. , Christl Joshua , Sitaru Sebastian , Pilz Anna Caroline , Kaczmarczyk Robert , Biedermann Tilo , Lasser Tobias , Zink Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) represent rising trends in modern medicine. However, comprehensive data on the performance of AI practices in clinical dermatologic images are non‐existent. Furthermore, the role of professional data selection for training remains unknown.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to develop AI applications for outlier detection of dermatological pathologies, to evaluate CNN architectures' performance on dermatological images and to investigate the role of professional pre‐processing of the training data, serving as one of the first anchor points regarding data selection criteria in dermatological AI‐based binary classification tasks of non‐melanoma pathologies.MethodsSix state‐of‐the‐art CNN architectures were evaluated for their accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for five dermatological diseases and using five data subsets, including data selected by two dermatologists, one with 5 and the other with 11 years of clinical experience.ResultsOverall, 150 CNNs were evaluated on up to 4051 clinical images. The best accuracy was reached for onychomycosis (accuracy = 1.000), followed by bullous pemphigoid (accuracy = 0.951) and lupus erythematosus (accuracy = 0.912). The CNNs InceptionV3, Xception and ResNet50 achieved the best accuracy in 9, 8 and 6 out of 25 data sets, respectively (36.0%, 32.0% and 24.0%). On average, the data set provided by the senior physician and the data set provided in accordance with both dermatologists performed the best (accuracy = 0.910).ConclusionsThis AI approach for the detection of outliers in dermatological diagnoses represents one of the first studies to evaluate the performance of different CNNs for binary decisions in clinical non‐dermatoscopic images of a variety of dermatological diseases other than melanoma. The selection of images by an experienced dermatologist during pre‐processing had substantial benefits for the performance of the CNNs. These comparative results might guide future AI approaches to dermatology diagnostics, and the evaluated CNNs might be applicable for the future training of dermatology residents.