bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse oximetry values from 33,080 participants in the Apple Heart & Movement Study
Authors: Shapiro Ian , Stein Jeff , MacRae Calum , O’Reilly Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWearable devices that include pulse oximetry (SpO2) sensing afford the opportunity to capture oxygen saturation measurements from large cohorts under naturalistic conditions. We report here a cross-sectional analysis of 72 million SpO2 values collected from 33,080 individual participants in the Apple Heart and Movement Study, stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), home altitude, and other demographic variables. Measurements aggregated by hour of day into 24-h SpO2 profiles exhibit similar circadian patterns for all demographic groups, being approximately sinusoidal with nadir near midnight local time, zenith near noon local time, and mean 0.8% lower saturation during overnight hours. Using SpO2 measurements averaged for each subject into mean nocturnal and daytime SpO2 values, we employ multivariate ordinary least squares regression to quantify population-level trends according to demographic factors. For the full cohort, regression coefficients obtained from models fit to daytime SpO2 are in close quantitative agreement with the corresponding values from published reference models for awake arterial oxygen saturation measured under controlled laboratory conditions. Regression models stratified by sex reveal significantly different age- and BMI-dependent SpO2 trends for females compared with males, although constant terms and regression coefficients for altitude do not differ between sexes. Incorporating categorical variables encoding self-reported race/ethnicity into the full-cohort regression models identifies small but statistically significant differences in daytime SpO2 (largest coefficient corresponding to 0.13% lower SpO2, for Hispanic study participants compared to White participants), but no significant differences between groups for nocturnal SpO2. Additional stratified analysis comparing regression models fit independently to subjects in each race/ethnicity group is suggestive of small differences in age- and sex-dependent trends, but indicates no significant difference in constant terms between any race/ethnicity groups for either daytime or nocturnal SpO2. The large diverse study population and study design employing automated background SpO2 measurements spanning the full 24-h circadian cycle enables the establishment of healthy population reference trends outside of clinical settings.
Heteronuclear multicolor soliton compounds induced by convex-concave phase in fiber lasers
Authors: Zhang Heze , Mao Dong , Du Yueqing , Zeng Chao , Sun Zhipei , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptical solitons emerging from fiber resonators generally possess similar properties that hinge on the system parameters. However, the generation of wavepackets composed of dissimilar solitons within the same laser cavity is still challenging in ultrafast lasers. Here, we report on heteronuclear multicolor soliton compounds composed of chirp-free conventional solitons and chirped dissipative solitons, by introducing convex-concave frequency phases in mode-locked fiber lasers. In spite of different lasing wavelengths, the dissipative solitons always overlap with the conventional solitons, giving birth to trains of modulated wavepackets. The resonant sidebands of two types of solitons follow from the same phase-matching principle dominated by the absolute value of cavity dispersion. Simulations fully substantiate the experimental results, confirming that the overlapping of two solitons is dominated by the co-action of saturable absorption and group-delay compensation. It is demonstrated that the phase-managed dissipative system is capable of supporting multicolor soliton compounds with distinct properties, offering an effective platform to reveal the interaction of dissimilar nonlinear wavepackets.
Explaining machine learning models with interactive natural language conversations using TalkToModel
Authors: Slack Dylan , Krishna Satyapriya , Lakkaraju Himabindu , Singh Sameer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPractitioners increasingly use machine learning (ML) models, yet models have become more complex and harder to understand. To understand complex models, researchers have proposed techniques to explain model predictions. However, practitioners struggle to use explainability methods because they do not know which explanation to choose and how to interpret the explanation. Here we address the challenge of using explainability methods by proposing TalkToModel: an interactive dialogue system that explains ML models through natural language conversations. TalkToModel consists of three components: an adaptive dialogue engine that interprets natural language and generates meaningful responses; an execution component that constructs the explanations used in the conversation; and a conversational interface. In real-world evaluations, 73% of healthcare workers agreed they would use TalkToModel over existing systems for understanding a disease prediction model, and 85% of ML professionals agreed TalkToModel was easier to use, demonstrating that TalkToModel is highly effective for model explainability.
Olfactory chemosensation extends lifespan through TGF-β signaling and UPR activation
Authors: De-Souza Evandro A. , Thompson Maximillian A. , Taylor Rebecca C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnimals rely on chemosensory cues to survive in pathogen-rich environments. In Caenorhabditis elegans, pathogenic bacteria trigger aversive behaviors through neuronal perception and activate molecular defenses throughout the animal. This suggests that neurons can coordinate the activation of organism-wide defensive responses upon pathogen perception. In this study, we found that exposure to volatile pathogen-associated compounds induces activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) in peripheral tissues after xbp-1 splicing in neurons. This odorant-induced UPRER activation is dependent upon DAF-7/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and leads to extended lifespan and enhanced clearance of toxic proteins. Notably, rescue of the DAF-1 TGF-β receptor in RIM/RIC interneurons is sufficient to significantly recover UPRER activation upon 1-undecene exposure. Our data suggest that the cell non-autonomous UPRER rewires organismal proteostasis in response to pathogen detection, pre-empting proteotoxic stress. Thus, chemosensation of particular odors may be a route to manipulation of stress responses and longevity.
Text-based predictions of COVID-19 diagnosis from self-reported chemosensory descriptions
Authors: Li Hongyang , Gerkin Richard C. , Bakke Alyssa , Norel Raquel , Cecchi Guillermo , Laudamiel Christophe , Niv Masha Y. , Ohla Kathrin , Hayes John E. , Parma Valentina , Meyer Pablo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a prevailing view that humans’ capacity to use language to characterize sensations like odors or tastes is poor, providing an unreliable source of information.

Methods
Here, we developed a machine learning method based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) using Large Language Models (LLM) to predict COVID-19 diagnosis solely based on text descriptions of acute changes in chemosensation, i.e., smell, taste and chemesthesis, caused by the disease. The dataset of more than 1500 subjects was obtained from survey responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, in Spring 2020.

Results
When predicting COVID-19 diagnosis, our NLP model performs comparably (AUC ROC ~ 0.65) to models based on self-reported changes in function collected via quantitative rating scales. Further, our NLP model could attribute importance of words when performing the prediction; sentiment and descriptive words such as “smell”, “taste”, “sense”, had strong contributions to the predictions. In addition, adjectives describing specific tastes or smells such as “salty”, “sweet”, “spicy”, and “sour” also contributed considerably to predictions.

Conclusions
Our results show that the description of perceptual symptoms caused by a viral infection can be used to fine-tune an LLM model to correctly predict and interpret the diagnostic status of a subject. In the future, similar models may have utility for patient verbatims from online health portals or electronic health records.
Personalized magnetic tentacles for targeted photothermal cancer therapy in peripheral lungs
Authors: Pittiglio Giovanni , Chandler James H. , da Veiga Tomas , Koszowska Zaneta , Brockdorff Michael , Lloyd Peter , Barry Katie L. , Harris Russell A. , McLaughlan James , Pompili Cecilia , Valdastri Pietro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLung cancer remains one of the most life-threatening diseases and is currently managed through invasive approaches such as surgery, chemo- or radiotherapy. In this work, we introduce a novel method for the targeted delivery of a therapeutic laser for the treatment of tumors in peripheral areas of the lungs. The approach uses a 2.4 mm diameter, ultra-soft, patient-specific magnetic catheter delivered from the end of a standard bronchoscope to reach the periphery of the lungs. Integrated shape sensing facilitates supervised autonomous full-shape control for precise navigation into the sub-segmental bronchi, and an embedded laser fiber allows for treatment via localized energy delivery. We report the complete navigation of eight primary lumina in the bronchi of an anatomically accurate phantom (developed from computed tomography (CT) data) and successful laser delivery for photothermal ablation. We further evaluate the approach in three diverse branches of excised cadaveric lungs, showing a mean improvement in navigation depth of 37% with less tissue displacement when compared to a standard semi-rigid catheter and navigation depth repeatability across all tests of <1 mm.
Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review
Authors: Khudadah Khaled , Ramadan Alaa , Othman Ahmed , Refaey Neveen , Elrosasy Amr , Rezkallah Ayoub , Heseba Toka , Moawad Mostafa Hossam El Din , Mektebi Ammar , Elejla Sewar A , Abouzid Mohamed , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 exhibit similar symptoms to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to target alveolar type 2 lung cells which synthesize and secrete endogenous surfactants leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in some patients. This was proven by post-mortem histopathological findings revealing desquamated alveolar type 2 cells. Surfactant use in patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome results in marked improvement in respiratory parameters but not mortality which needs further clinical trials comparing surfactant formulas and modes of administration to decrease the mortality. In addition, surfactants could be a promising vehicle for specific drug delivery as a liposomal carrier, which requires more and more challenging efforts. In this review, we highlight the current reviews and two clinical trials on exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19-associated respiratory distress in adults, and how surfactant could be a promising drug to help fight the COVID-19 infection.
Automated Vowel Articulation Analysis in Connected Speech Among Progressive Neurological Diseases, Dysarthria Types, and Dysarthria Severities
Authors: Illner Vojtech , Tykalova Tereza , Skrabal Dominik , Klempir Jiri , Rusz Jan 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Although articulatory impairment represents distinct speech characteristics in most neurological diseases affecting movement, methods allowing automated assessments of articulation deficits from the connected speech are scarce. This study aimed to design a fully automated method for analyzing dysarthria-related vowel articulation impairment and estimate its sensitivity in a broad range of neurological diseases and various types and severities of dysarthria.

Method:
Unconstrained monologue and reading passages were acquired from 459 speakers, including 306 healthy controls and 153 neurological patients. The algorithm utilized a formant tracker in combination with a phoneme recognizer and subsequent signal processing analysis.

Results:
Articulatory undershoot of vowels was presented in a broad spectrum of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple-system atrophy, Huntington's disease, essential tremor, cerebellar ataxia, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as in related dysarthria subtypes including hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, ataxic, spastic, flaccid, and their mixed variants. Formant ratios showed a higher sensitivity to vowel deficits than vowel space area. First formants of corner vowels were significantly lower for multiple-system atrophy than cerebellar ataxia. Second formants of vowels /a/ and /i/ were lower in ataxic compared to spastic dysarthria. Discriminant analysis showed a classification score of up to 41.0% for disease type, 39.3% for dysarthria type, and 49.2% for dysarthria severity. Algorithm accuracy reached an F-score of 0.77.

Conclusions:
Distinctive vowel articulation alterations reflect underlying pathophysiology in neurological diseases. Objective acoustic analysis of vowel articulation has the potential to provide a universal method to screen motor speech disorders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23681529
Anti‐tropical cyclone yaw control of wind turbines based on knowledge learning and expert system
Authors: Cai Zelin , Feng Tao , Yao Qi , Song Qian , Lin Limin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA tropical cyclone (TC) is extreme weather severely threatening coastal wind turbines. However, the non‐extreme wind speed period (nEWSP) before and after it can also bring considerable economic benefits to wind farms. Aiming at the working conditions of nEWSP‐TC, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the wind field based on historical actual TC data and constructs a pseudo‐Monte Carlo experiment, uses the experimental results to construct a knowledge base and an inference engine, and forms an expert system to guide the yaw control of wind turbines in nEWSP‐TC. The simulation results show that the yaw error has different effects on the fatigue load of the wind turbine under different working conditions of nEWSP‐TC, and the proposed improved yaw strategy can reduce the fatigue load of the wind turbine under the premise of limited power loss and improve safe operation capability of wind turbines under nEWSP‐TC conditions.
A robust transient energy function‐based controller for enhancing transient stability of virtual power system
Authors: Abazari Saeed , Ghaedi Sadegh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper offers non‐linear control for enhancing the transient stability in power systems containing a photovoltaic (PV) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) by transient energy function (TEF) method and finite‐time observers. At first, the TEF method is utilized to enhance the transient stability in a power system containing a PV, DFIG, and synchronous generator (SG) by constructing a hybrid Lyapunov function. Then, the derivative terms in control are estimated with finite‐time observers. The main contribution of the research is the application of the TEF technique in the transient stability evaluation of a power system consisting of PV, SG, and DFIG. Another innovation of the research is the simultaneous control of DFIG and PV, whose uncertain parameters are estimated with the use of finite‐time observer. The proposed non‐linear control scheme is robust against changes in the configuration of the power system. In order to show the capability of this control scheme, time domain simulations are performed on the IEEE 9‐bus, and the NEW ENGLAND Standard 39‐Bus power system. Using the obtained result, some comparisons are made with the back‐stepping control scheme to clarify the superiority of the proposed method. The comparisons show that the proposed non‐linear control scheme can properly provide extra damping to reduce the first‐swing fluctuations in less time.
Intelligent power distribution live‐line operation robot systems based on stereo camera
Authors: Chen Yutao , Wang Yahao , Tang Xuming , Wu Kai , Wu Shaolei , Guo Rui , Feng Yu , Dong Erbao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaintenance tasks in distribution networks are often accompanied by hazards associated with high altitudes and high voltages. By utilising robots instead of human operators to perform these tasks, potential risks can be avoided, while productivity can be increased. This research proposes an intelligent power distribution live‐line operation robot (PDLOR) system based on a stereo camera to replace human to complete work. The PDLOR system consists of several key components, including dual manipulators, wireless tools, a visual perception system, an insulated bucket truck, and a ground control terminal. Once the task is confirmed, the real‐time vision system identification and positioning enable the adjustment of the insulated bucket to position the robot correctly for its intended work. The stereo camera plays a crucial role in accurately recognising and estimating the object's orientation. Additionally, a simplified reconstruction is performed within a virtual simulation environment, which aids in collision detection during path planning. After obtaining the optimal path, it is then communicated to the real manipulator for execution. To validate the feasibility of the PDLOR system, field experiments were conducted in actual distribution network scenarios. The results demonstrate that the PDLOR effectively completes single‐phase power‐line connection tasks within a remarkable 10‐min timeframe.
Synthetic Approaches to the 2019–2020 New Agrochemicals
Authors: Lamberth Clemens , Jeanmart Stephane , Edmunds Andrew J. F. , Pouliot Martin , Morris James A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis review outlines the synthesis of the ten novel agrochemicals that received an International Standardization Organization (ISO) common name during 2019 and 2020. These agrochemicals will be used to control a wide range of weeds, insects and plant pathogens and their syntheses represent significant advances in the field of crop protection. The broad variety of different reactions, reagents and intermediates used to discover and produce this latest generation of agrochemicials is impressive.1	Introduction2	Fungicides and Virucides3	Herbicides4	Insecticides, Acaricides and Nematicides5	Conclusion
Comparison of Outcomes of Less Invasive Surfactant Administration in Prematurely Born Infants in the Delivery Suite and the Neonatal Unit
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , Tolentino Donna , Kulkarni Anay , Duffy Donovan , Greenough Anne 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to compare outcomes of infants who received less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in the delivery suite (LISA-DS) with those who received LISA on the neonatal unit (LISA-NNU).
Study Design A prospective cohort study was undertaken of all infants who received LISA in a single center. Clinical outcomes included admission temperature, the need for intubation, durations of invasive and noninvasive ventilation, length of hospital stay and the incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and requirement for home oxygen were compared between the two groups as were complications of the procedure.
Results The 54 LISA-DS infants had similar gestational ages and birth weights to the 26 LISA-NNU infants (p = 0.732, 0.928, respectively). There were no significant differences between the admission temperatures (median [range]: 36.8 [36–38.7] vs. 36.8°C [36.4–37.7]; p = 0.451) or need for intubation in less than 72 hours of birth (28 vs. 23%, p = 0.656). The durations of invasive ventilation (median: 2 [0–65] vs. 1 [0–35] days; p = 0.188) and noninvasive ventilation (median: 37 [24–81] vs. 37 [3–225] days; p = 0.188) and the incidences of BPD (p = 0.818), IVH (p = 0.106), ROP (p = 0.526), and home oxygen requirement (p = 0.764) were similar. The percentage of successful first attempts with LISA (63 vs. 70%, p = 0.816) or associated with hypoxia episodes (32 vs. 42%, p = 0.194) did not differ significantly by site of administration.
Conclusion The outcomes of LISA performed on the DS were similar to those of LISA performed on the NNU.
Key Points
Fado, urban popular song, and intangible heritage: perceptions of authenticity and emotions in TripAdvisor reviews
Authors: Carvalho Inês , Madeira Arlindo , Monteiro Anabela , Lopes Sofia , Palrão Teresa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntangible cultural heritage, such as music, often becomes the symbol of urban spaces. One example is fado, a music genre that originated in Lisbon, Portugal. With the increasing prominence of fado as a cultural heritage, an increasing number of tourists are attracted to fado shows. In this context, this study seeks to answer the following research question: “How do emotion and authenticity relate to visitors’ overall satisfaction in fado venues?”. Based on mixed methods research (descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and content analysis), 2653 TripAdvisor reviews of four fado venues in Lisbon were analyzed. We conclude that although both authenticity and emotion are highly associated with overall satisfaction, lack of authenticity was not markedly associated with dissatisfaction. The most recent fado house is perceived as the most authentic one.
Applied semantics and climate communication
Authors: Bromhead Helen , Goddard Cliff 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores ways in which applied semantics (coming out of Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach) can inform effective communicative strategies for action on climate change. After framing discussion, it presents three case studies, which are intentionally disparate in nature: contrastive semantics of the expressions ‘climate crisis’, ‘climate emergency’, and ‘climate catastrophe’; a semantically-enhanced examination of how public inquiries into extreme weather events help shape climate discourse in Australia; the semantics of ‘the economy’ in everyday English and the implications for climate change discourse. We argue that climate action communication is clearer, more resonant, and more effective when it uses or builds on ordinary words and local meanings.
Lived experiences of coloniality in third space
Authors: Tavares Bernardino , Vieira Aleida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the interactions of the so-called lusophone migrants in ‘third space’ (Bhabha, 1994) i.e., outside the Portuguese geographical colonial matrix. Part of a larger project interested in studying whether new solidarities or old hierarchies replay when all lusophones meet and struggle in a new context, the paper examines traces of whatMignolo (2005)has termed of ‘coloniality of being’ i.e., everyday remnants of colonial modes and hierarchies. It draws from postcolonial theory and sociolinguistic ethnography to examine how coloniality perdures in intersubjective relations among lusophones, by exploring the narrative of two Cape Verdean retirees who (re)migrated to Luxembourg in 1971 and 1981. The paper uses narrative analysis to examine how they report coloniality in lusophone interactions being challenged or perpetuated at workplaces and social encounters, via stereotyping jokes, naming, and language use. It fosters a critical understanding of lusophone subjects’ interactions, marked by language and their colonial history, beyond Portuguese-speaking states.