bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law and Order vs. Law and Order with Racial Justice
Authors: Pasek Josh , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
George Floyd’s death in May 2020 sparked what some sources argue was the nation’s largest protest movement, centered on calls for racial justice. Although most of these protests were peaceful, a relatively small number featured violence and disorder. Employing alternative frames, Trump stressed law and order, whereas Biden messaged about how law and order must be coupled with racial justice. Part 1 traces these contrasting narratives, and in this part of the chapter, Part 2, explores their effects. With this issue and Trump’s racialized presidency as the backdrop, we show that racial attitudes, as well as attitudes about crime and policing, played central roles in the 2020 election. We also show that residing near Kenosha, Wisconsin—a site of protests and counterprotests in August 2020—was associated with attitudes toward policing and civil unrest, suggesting that the geographic distribution of protests also mattered.
Introduction
Authors: Celenza Anna Harwell 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the value of music as a humanities discipline and presents an overview of the structure and central themes of Music and Human Flourishing. Participating in music, either as a performer, listener, and/or composer has long been accepted as an activity that can contribute to human flourishing. This chapter describes a fourth musical activity, the act of music scholarship, and reveals how engagement with the cultural, social, and political practices surrounding music contributes to human flourishing in a way that listening, performing, and even composing alone cannot. Using the concepts of contemplation, critique, and communication, the author explores the various ways that music scholarship can serve as a tool for instilling a sense of social justice and cultural understanding. Music scholarship helps listeners understand and better communicate the emotional and psychological characteristics associated with music. It opens minds, which in turn can contribute to human flourishing.
Post-Tonal Music and Well-Being
Authors: Calico Joy H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes that rigorous intellectual engagement with post-tonal music can contribute to well-being. Experiments in the realm of neuroscience and music psychology have focused almost exclusively on consonant, diatonic music. Neuroscience that treats dissonance has tended to focus on cognition of isolated dissonant sounds rather than non-tonal music, and music psychology that focuses on non-tonal music has retained an orientation rooted in structural listening. Neither is interested in the question of well-being. The author builds on the positive psychology model that Tay, Pawelski, and Keith have proposed for the humanities and human flourishing; music cognition; Rita Felski’s positive aesthetics; and Elvira Brattica’s work in neuroaesthetics to propose a model for listening, study, and critique of post-tonal music as tributaries to well-being. A synthesis of musicology, neuroaesthetics, and positive psychology can move beyond rudimentary questions of perception and cognition and toward those of human flourishing.
Can “Old-Fashioned” Approaches to Listening Contribute to Human Flourishing?
Authors: Beckerman Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A simple “at-home” experiment reveals that most people cannot simultaneously follow the details of a musical composition and read at the same time. This reality makes it clear that certain parts of the mind are “shut off” when others are invoked. On the basis of this fact, his chapter explores a single question related to the effects of listening to music: if one can almost immediately move between parts of one’s brain, and between radically different capacities of cognition simply by deciding to listen in a certain way to a composition, and if the efficacy of using music as a therapeutic tool has been established in several areas, is it also possible that close listening to music can offer some kind of relief in dealing with obsessive states and therefore increase the chances of what we are calling human flourishing? The author proposes that a certain kind of directed musical listening could interrupt the patterns of obsessive thought at the core of many mental disorders.
Understanding Music Studies, Well-Being, and the Humanities in Times of Neoliberalism
Authors: Madrid Alejandro L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter asserts that a transdisciplinary approach to the study of music that enables scholars to transcend the narrow sets of questions that musicology and music theory have traditionally privileged—concerns with aesthetic value and a perceived intrinsic worthiness of specific musical texts and practices—is essential in defining music studies as an endeavor relevant to larger intellectual projects in the humanities and social sciences. This transdisciplinary approach resonates with James Pawelski’s call for an alliance between the humanities and the science of well-being that would make “humanities scholarship more informed and more relevant to contemporary debates.” Pawelski’s definition of well-being in relation to “a society based on individual freedom and self-realization” and his attempts to engage quantitative evaluative methods, however, have neoliberal overtones. In response, this chapter offers an assessment of neoliberalism’s take on human flourishing and proposes alternative well-being strategies that privilege collective realization and avoid giving in to economic, political, and philosophical models that thrive on human precarity and conflict.
Natural Philosophy and Theodicy
Authors: Lascano Marcy P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores some of the ways in which Cavendish and Conway use their metaphysical views to ground other areas of philosophical inquiry. The chapter begins with Cavendish’s objections to various aspects of natural philosophy as conceived by Thomas Hobbes, René Descartes, Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, and Robert Hooke. It shows how Cavendish’s objections are largely based on her own metaphysical commitments, in particular her views on the nature of matter, perception, and motion. It then argues that Cavendish presents an argument against the misogynistic nature of the institutions of natural philosophy. Conway’s theodicean project is then introduced, and her views on God’s justice, sin and restoration, the nature of goodness, and eternal salvation are discussed. The chapter argues that Conway’s account of how creatures turn back to goodness after sin depends not only on the communicative and multiplicative nature of goodness, but also on the attractive nature of goodness.
Introduction
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Why does someone join an extremist group? What are the pathways via which individuals join such groups? How does one show commitment to an extremist group? Why does someone participate in acts of terrorism? Joining an extremist group is joining a community of people who share beliefs, purpose, values, norms, goals, and, above all, a deep commitment to one another. The Introduction unpacks the central questions and the argument that underpin the book. It highlights the methods used in the book, defines key terms, and explores the literature on joining and radicalization into extremism. Importantly, it gives background on the two cases discussed in the book: Indonesia and the Philippines. In doing so, it explores the key extremist groups in each country and their relationships to one another.
External Pathways
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores three external pathways facilitating entry into militant groups and one partial pathway. In this instance, individuals were not born into the networks. They did not go to school at a radical madrasa or pesantren. Instead, they encountered Islamist extremist groups in prison, living in a conflict zone, attending study circles, or in online chats. Moreso than internal pathways, joining via external pathways is a two-way street: The individual is actively making a choice to participate in an extremist group, and the group is choosing to accept the individual into its brotherhood of the “saved.” This chapter draws on examples from Indonesia and the Philippines, paying particular attention to the processes and pathways via which individuals join pro-ISIS groups.
Commitment
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Once an individual begins on the path to membership in an extremist group, once they interact with activists, once they gain ideological exposure and build thicker social ties with group members, how do they show commitment? What steps do they take to become a committed insider? Becoming a committed insider is a gradual initiation process in which one slowly begins to adopt norms of identity, shared ritual, sacrifice, and committed action. This chapter discusses the various ways that commitment is expressed when one joins an extremist group. This includes changes in dress, where one chooses to live, and social norms to which one adheres. The chapter also delves further into how brotherhood is felt at the commitment stage and how it comes to be expressed.
Widow Asceticism
Authors: Brick David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the various restrictions that the Dharmaśāstra tradition historically placed upon the nonsexual behavior of widows. In their classical formulation, these nonsexual restrictions amount to an extremely austere lifestyle required of widows—a lifestyle that scholars have commonly referred to as widow asceticism. This chapter shows that lifelong, mandatory widow asceticism developed within Brahmanical culture only around the end of the first millennium CE and that, during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, there was a discernible trend within Dharmaśāstra toward increasingly harsh and visible restrictions for widows. The chapter contains a lengthy digression that brings to light a very different kind of early Brahmanical widow ascetic—one more closely akin to a typical male renunciant. It concludes by proposing possible reasons for the development of classical Hindu widow asceticism.
Policing the SEC
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Securities law cogently illustrates two fundamental changes in American law in the 1930s—the dramatic broadening of federal regulation and the Supreme Court’s new acceptance of such legislation as constitutional. Chapter 3 keys on the establishment of a third important pillar of this era—development of a doctrine of judicial review of agency action. This chapter explores in depth two decisions of the 1940s, Chenery I and II. These two decisions in the same dispute, four years apart, reveal the evolution of this important doctrine as well as Felix Frankfurter’s surprising lack of influence, the justice who many thought would lead the Court in such matters. Chapter 3 follows the Court’s cases in this area through succeeding decades, revealing the arc of decisions that will also be seen in the remaining chapters—broad deference to the SEC over three decades, giving way to a more skeptical approach during the Powell era, and then a period of equipoise or disinterest after Powell’s retirement.
Insider Trading
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows the law of insider trading as it evolves from a mechanical disgorgement provision under section 16 of the Exchange Act to a broad prohibition of informational advantage under Rule 10b-5. The dramatic reset occurred in the 1960s when the SEC and the federal courts commandeered common law fraud concepts to reach insider trading on anonymous markets. The SEC’s action in the Cady Roberts case, the Court’s recognition of a fiduciary duty-based disclosure obligation in the Capital Gains case, and the Second Circuit’s decision in Texas Gulf Sulphur provided the foundation for more oversight of insider trading. Almost two decades later, Chiarella, authored by Lewis Powell, reined in that fiduciary duty-based prohibition against the exploitation of information by insiders. Powell grounded the rule in that case in a common law framework of duties owed by officers and directors to their shareholders, but it was narrower than the sixties decisions. Powell also worked in Dirks to protect securities analysts in their quest for valuable information against the SEC’s aggressive interpretation of Rule 10b-5. A decade after Powell’s retirement, however, in O’Hagan the Court would recognize the misappropriation theory that he rejected, greatly expanding the reach of the insider trading prohibition.
In Conclusion
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the roles of healing presence and gratitude in transforming the field of suffering into the field of healing. Healing presence is standing before a suffering person in kindness; not abandoning them, whatever they offer. To illustrate “healing presence,” an interview with a hospice patient is recounted. In it, changes in her life since her terminal diagnosis were discussed, including the nitty-gritty of living while dying. Many kinds and levels of healing were delineated. The events in this patient’s story are not uncommon, but her insights about them were particularly trenchant and wise. Practicing gratitude means acknowledging the intertwining of all things and all people. These complex interrelationships are at once the source of our suffering and the source of our capacity to offer healing and compassion. Where there is gratitude, there can be healing.
On the Jews and Their So-Called Lies in the Fourth Gospel and Bach’s St. John Passion
Authors: Marissen Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter suggests that Johann Sebastian Bach arguably went far beyond the call of duty in musically depicting Jewish opposition to Jesus in a series of biblical choruses for the St. John Passion that center on what Martin Luther, in his On the Jews and Their Lies of 1543 (a screed that Bach himself owned), had deemed the most fundamental of Jewish lies. The scholarly notion that there appears to have been in Bach’s Leipzig a maturing spirit of openness and fairness toward Jews, such that by the 1730s, the times had indeed changed and that thus it would have been unlikely to encounter anti-Jewish reflection within the sermons and the choral music delivered in the city’s churches, is shown by recent repertorial discoveries to have been radically oversanguine.
Introduction
Authors: Malleson Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the worsening levels of inequality in terms of the distribution of income and wealth. The chapter outlines the four major arguments that represent the cornerstones of the justification of inequality: the Feasibility Argument, the Cost Argument, the Libertarian Argument, and the Merit Argument. Against these arguments, the rest of the book will show that (1) it is entirely feasible to substantially reduce inequality; (2) the benefits of raising taxes to reduce inequality far outweigh the costs; (3) since the property that exists today was accumulated through a long history of violence, coercion, and injustice, people’s right to their private property should be seen as contingent, not absolute; and (4) people’s talents, skills, and efforts are arbitrary from a moral point of view, and so their economic rewards should be largely equalized (e.g., via wealth taxes and the institution of maximum limits on income). Ultimately, all people, regardless of their skills or efforts, should be guaranteed the essential goods necessary to live a good and flourishing life, a position which can be called Good Life Egalitarianism.
Should We Aim for High Taxes and Low Inequality?
Authors: Malleson Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Should we aim for high taxes and low inequality? This chapter carefully weighs the costs and benefits. In terms of the costs, the major worry is that taxes will lead to reduced economic growth. Yet current evidence suggests that increased taxes would likely lead to only minor reductions in work effort, and perhaps moderate costs of reduced private investment. On the other hand, such costs are likely to be substantially offset by the economic gains accruing from increased public investment. The bottom line from the empirical growth literature is that a high-tax regime is not likely to cause significant reductions in growth. In terms of the broader social benefits of high taxes and low inequality, the chapter demonstrates that there would likely be major, fundamental benefits in four areas: environmental sustainability, democratic equality, equal opportunity, and reduced racism and xenophobia.
The Cultural Determinants of Healthy Indigenous Aging
Authors: Bird Michael Yellow , Belton Gina , Jensen Jamie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a model of cultural determinants for healthy Indigenous aging based on Western scientific evidence and informed by traditional Indigenous knowledge and lifestyle. The chapter defines healthy aging, discusses factors that challenge healthy Indigenous aging, and presents the stories of three Indigenous women elders. Next, the chapter presents a model of nine important cultural determinants of health, and it concludes with a discussion of the future of healthy Indigenous aging. Some elders are differently abled and may require more and different levels of support to help them regain and maintain their health. Yet, the health of Indigenous elders can be dramatically improved with encouragement, assistance, and a belief that it is possible. Research indicates that the self-perception of older adults’ aging and others’ stereotypes exert a powerful influence on aging.
Active Aging in Mountainous Villages
Authors: Luo Hai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The increasing number of older adults is the focus of social agendas in much of the world. A growing body of research exists on active aging, and much is known about the broad picture of the aging population in different regions of the world. Little research has been done on the sociocultural features of active aging, particularly in Indigenous cultures. Well-being in older populations requires knowledge of how active aging is conceptualized, promoted, and/or enacted in different contexts that include older people’s life course, cultural beliefs, geography, socioeconomic situation, and social environments. Research shows that active aging is embedded in cultural beliefs and culturally unique practices such as work, family life, arts, and other activities. Exploring and analyzing how older adults perceive and practice active aging help professionals in both health and social sectors in various countries where Indigenous and/or minority cultures play a prevalent role in people’s later lives.
Sociocultural Beliefs and Health-Seeking Behavior Among Older Adults in Selected Rural and Urban Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Badru Fatai A. , Adekola Oluwafunmilayo T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Globally, people attach different meanings to and hold different views regarding health care treatment. An individual’s beliefs affect their health-seeking behaviors. The use of medications or health care treatments among older adults differs from one society to another due to different cultural practices. This chapter discusses a study that investigated different sociocultural beliefs attached to health-seeking behavior by older adults in the treatment of their illnesses. Mixed research methods were adopted for the research. Purposively, four local government areas in Lagos State—two urban and two rural—were selected based on the large number of older adults in these areas. Quantitatively, 1,640 semistructured copies of questionnaires were administered to older adults. Qualitative data were obtained from 16 in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions comprising eight homogeneous groups. The study found that the sociocultural beliefs of the study participants had a significant effect on health-seeking behavior; some respondents believed in different herbs for treating different illnesses and/or that herbs work more quickly than tablets. The study concluded that sociocultural beliefs of the older adults affected their health-seeking behavior.
The Rise and Fall of a Global Narrative
Authors: Cox Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Soviet Union created a singular narrative that challenged Western notions of progress and modernity in very basic ways. Combing together threads drawn from Marx, ideas developed by Lenin, a set of axioms outlined by Stalin, and latterly a range of new concepts about peace and the construction of socialism put into practice by his various successors, including Gorbachev, this narrative provided a ready-made road map of the past, a powerful critique of the present, and a vision of a future which proved immensely attractive to millions of people for most of the twentieth century. After the USSR disintegrated, it left behind a set of ideas that continue to inform critical thinking about the liberal order and the contemporary international economy into the twenty-first century. Its legacy also includes a compelling anti-Western discourse that now plays out in the new Russia-China alliance and more generally in the global battle of narratives.
The Great Schism
Authors: Deudney Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Among the contested worldviews at play in world politics over the past several centuries, scientific technological modernity has been especially influential in transforming virtually every aspect of human life. It has fed a powerful future imaginary that, since the nineteenth century, has swollen to encompass the complete technological refashioning of the planet, reweaving the biological fabric of humanity, and expansion into the cosmos, and encompassing radically utopian and dystopian trajectories. The scientific-technological modernist project was initially linked to a technocratic vision of replacing politics with the administration of things. By the nineteenth century a debate emerged about whether liberal capitalism or universal socialism was best fitted to the new machine-based societies. As the civilization of scientific-technological modernity spread globally across the twentieth century, it began to face a great crisis, which has in turn generated a great internal schism, a battlefront of contestation that has increasingly defined world politics.
The Social Life of Blood, 1948–1980
Authors: Nathanson Constance A. , Bergeron Henri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the history and organization of blood services in France and the United States from after the second World War until the AIDS epidemic in 1980, during which blood was transformed from an artisanal to a mass-produced commodity. The French blood system grew from the work of resistance fighters, locally based and financed, and led by local notables; it was strongly supported by organized blood donors and by a powerful mythology around blood as inseparable from human dignity and blood donation as an expression of patriotic solidarity, entirely divorced from considerations of money and profit. Whole blood provision in the United States was (and is) dominated by three competing blood bank organizations. Blood products are commercially produced on a mass basis by pharmaceutical companies. The United States is unique in that the blood industry is protected from legal liability for harmful products. Although whole blood is collected through voluntary donation, ideological support for this system is weak.