bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic role of mitophagy marker Parkin-induced protein kinase 1 in invasive duct carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kora Mona A. , Moselhy Alyaa A. , Badr Nahla M. 
Published: February 2025

Background
The gene Parkin-induced protein kinase 1 (PINK1) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase associated with mitophagy. It is found in the mitochondria and protects cells against stress-related mitochondrial malfunction. However, its precise function in the development and evolution of tumours, particularly in breast cancer (BC), is yet unknown. PINK1 immunohistochemistry expression in invasive duct BC is the focus of the current study and to link this expression with several clinicopathological criteria, such as patient overall survival.

Methods
PINK1 monoclonal antibody was used in a retrospective design to immunohistochemistry stain sections from 90 primary invasive duct BC patients and 10 healthy controls. Its association with clinical characteristics was evaluated.

Results
Positive PINIK1 expression was noticed in 52 (57.5%) of cases. A significant correlation was seen between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and PINK1 expression (P=0.05). Positive PINK1 expression was closely linked to cases of HER2 enriched molecular subtype (P<0.001), multifocal BC (P=0.03), advanced lymph nodal stage (P=0.01), and tumour necrosis (P=0.02) while negative expression was notably connected to luminal BC (P=0.01). Analysis of Kaplan–Meier survival revealed a significantly better patient overall survival (P= 0.04) with positive PINK1 immuno-expression and unifocal BC (P= 0.04), (P=0.05), respectively.

Conclusion
The protein linked to mitophagy PINK1 showed significant association regarding criteria of poor prognosis in BC such as HER2 enriched subtype, tumour multifocality, and advanced nodal stage. PINK1 could be a potential target in BC therapy and more research is needed to verify this role.
Venom ophthalmia and acute angle closure glaucoma in capillary leak syndrome
Authors: Shastikaa Nagarajan , Maheswari S Uma , Rajasekar Rajkiran , Azad Ashik , Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence and management of acute angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) following venomous snakebites, along with its associated systemic complications, and to evaluate the importance of early detection and intervention in preventing long-term visual impairment.

Design:
Prospective interventional case series.

Method:
This study included patients admitted with venomous snakebites to a tertiary care hospital in rural Tamil Nadu, India, over four years (March 2019 to August 2023). All patients underwent both systemic and ocular assessments, regardless of their presenting symptoms. Ocular complications, particularly ACG, were managed with topical and systemic treatments. Data collected included demographic information, type of snakebite, systemic symptoms, treatment outcomes, and ocular findings.

Results:
Of the 126 patients admitted with venomous snakebites, 84 presented with neurotoxic bites and 42 with hematotoxic bites. Nine patients developed bilateral ACG, all of whom had sustained hematotoxic bites. Visual acuity (VA) ranged from hand motion to 6/9, with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) ranging between 12 and 54 mm of Hg. Systemic complications included acute renal failure in 16 hematotoxic cases, with four patients requiring hemodialysis and subsequently succumbing to renal failure and multiorgan dysfunction. After treatment with antisnake venom, topical IOP-lowering agents, corticosteroids, and systemic therapies, five patients demonstrated full recovery, with normalized IOP and improved VA.

Conclusion:
ACG is a significant but underreported complication of hematotoxic snakebites. Early detection and intervention, including routine ocular screening, are crucial to prevent visual impairment. Ocular involvement may also serve as a prognostic indicator of severe systemic envenomation.
Prevalence of Dyslexia among Primary School-going Children in Belagavi City – An Observational Study
Authors: Bandmaster Mehreen , Purohit Shrisha , Raibagi Shriya , Sona Sneha , D’Silva Steven 
Published: February 2025

Background:
80% of all specific learning disabilities are caused by dyslexia, making it the most prevalent specific learning disability. One common term for dyslexia is hidden disability. By the time it is diagnosed, the child may already have issues such as anxiety, behavioral disorders, and poor academic performance. Dyslexia Assessment for Languages of India-Dyslexia Assessment Battery (DALI-DAB) is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to both screen and assess children who are at risk of being dyslexic and is relevant for the population group of the study as it is available in all four languages spoken in Belagavi city – Kannada, Marathi, Hindi, and English.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of dyslexia in primary school-going children of age group 8–10 years in Belagavi city using the DALI-DAB screening tool.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study was conducted on 215 children. The data were collected from various primary school-going children from Belagavi city falling in the age group of 8–10 years. The children were evaluated for dyslexia using the DALI-DAB screening tool consisting of 21 questions under the components of reading, writing, mathematics, communication, memory, motor coordination, and behavior. According to the scoring system, the total score is 42. The English cutoff is set at 23, whereas the cutoff for the other three languages is set at 19, and the participants were scored accordingly.

Results:
Of 215 students, the prevalence of dyslexia was found to be 22.3%. About 54.17% of males and 45.83% of females were affected. It was discovered that the prevalence of dyslexia was 45%, 39%, and 14% in 8 years old, 9 years old, and 10 years old, respectively. The prevalence of dyslexia was 54%, 31%, and 14% among 3rd, 4th, and 5th standard children, respectively. Prevalence of dyslexia was found to be 14%, 23%, 46%, and 17% in English, Hindi, Kannada, and Marathi medium schools, respectively.

Conclusion:
In Belagavi city, students attending primary school in the third, fourth, and fifth grades had a 22.3% prevalence of dyslexia.
Prevalence of Developmental Delay in Less Than 6-Year-Old Children in South India – A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deshpande Vinuta , Patait Sughra , Bannur Sumitra 
Published: February 2025

Context:
Early childhood forms the foundation for holistic development, but developmental delays and disabilities during this period increase the risk for suboptimal health. Despite its significance, epidemiological data on developmental disabilities remains scarce globally and nationally.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental delay in children < 6 years old in Belagavi, Karnataka, South India.

Setting and Design:
Children residing in Belagavi City. This was a community-based cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:
Children under the age of 6 years in the selected wards of the Belagavi city were screened. Eligible participants were assessed using Denver Developmental Screening Tool II.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using R software (version 3.6.3) (Developed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, Company name R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and Excel. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables as frequencies. Statistical tests included the t-test and Shapiro–Wilk’s test/quantile–quantile plot for normality.

Results:
Among the 497 children screened, 16 (3.22%) were identified with delayed development, and 7 (1.41%) were suspected of delay. Domain-wise, gross motor delay was seen in 0.20%, fine motor delay in 1.4%, language delay in 1.61%, and personal–social delay in 0.40% of children.

Conclusion:
Parents and healthcare professionals play a crucial role to improve the early identification of developmental delay. The present study with its community-based data in early identification has important implications for practice and research in the field of developmental screening and surveillance. Educating the parents to make use of the healthcare facilities and promoting early intervention programs may have a greater impact in supporting the development of children in low-income countries.
An Interventional Strategy of Lifestyle Education to Increase Awareness of Menopause among Postmenopausal Women of Urban Slums
Authors: Beura Saswatika , Patnaik Lipilekha , Sahu Manisha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Education and creating awareness on menopause, cognitive behavioral therapy, and lifestyle-related interventions such as diet, exercise, yoga, and counseling are the most common forms of non-medicinal therapy given to menopausal women.

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of interventions to increase awareness regarding menopause.

Materials and Methods:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 128 postmenopausal women who had permanent cessation of menstruation naturally within 5 years and residing in slums. The study group participants were intervened by an educational and lifestyle-related interventional module. Printed educational material in regional language was given to both groups.

Results:
The mean age of natural menopause was 48.66 ± 2.39 years and 78.1% of women reached menopause between 45 and 50 years of age. In follow-up, the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding menopause of the intervention and control group participants were found to be significantly different (P < 0.000). The mean awareness score was 3.33 ± 2.30 and at baseline, no significant difference was observed in both groups. After the intervention, a significant increase in awareness was found in both groups, and the awareness score increased by 26.69 points in the study group but 2.53 points in the control group. The majority of intervention group participants admitted that their perception, thinking, and experience of menopause had changed in a positive way after getting awareness and lifestyle-related education through interventions.

Conclusions:
Lifestyle-related interventions may have a huge impact on increasing menopausal awareness among menopausal women.
Monitoring Behçet uveitis
Authors: Eser-Ozturk Hilal , Tugal-Tutkun Ilknur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Behçet disease is a systemic vasculitis that can affect various organ systems. Ocular involvement is characterized by recurrent nongranulomatous panuveitis and retinal vasculitis attacks, followed by spontaneous remission periods. Recurrent inflammatory attacks affecting the posterior segment may eventually lead to structural damage and permanent visual loss. The severity of attacks may also be an important factor in visual outcomes. Between attacks, patients may have no clinical signs of inflammatory activity. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize subclinical inflammatory clues in imaging modalities and the structural defects that develop due to previous attacks. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) is the gold standard method in monitoring inflammatory activity. Laser flare photometry is a useful noninvasive tool correlating with FA in demonstrating inflammatory activity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most valuable imaging method in diagnosing and following structural changes. OCT angiography allows visualization of various retinal plexuses separately and evaluation of the retinal vascular structures qualitatively and quantitatively; however, it cannot demonstrate vascular leakage and, therefore, uveitis activity. Monitoring disease activity and structural changes is fundamental in individualizing management, evaluating responses to treatment, and improving long-term outcomes.
Evaluation of intraocular lens subluxation after cataract surgery in patients with zonular weakness
Authors: Chanyo Sutthisaranyupong , Khotcharrat Rossukon , Mongkolareepong Natpatsorn , Kosaiyaganonth Nattamol , Paensuwan Pussadee , Thongsuk Wanachat , Pejchang Darawan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the intraocular lens (IOL) subluxation after cataract surgery in patients with zonular weakness.

METHODS:
This study assessed the medical records of cataract patients with zonular weakness treated at Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand-country between November 2014 and October 2019. Preoperative and postoperative values of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error, corneal refractive power (k-value), axial length, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were examined and compared. The refractive power was converted to spherical equivalent (SE). During the operation, grading of the zonular weakness was evaluated by the surgeon. The IOLs and the capsular tension rings were then inserted. The estimated error (EE) was considered as the difference between the theoretical IOL lens position (effective lens position [ELP]) and the clinical postoperative IOL position (postoperative ACD).

RESULTS:
This study included nine participants (nine eyes) with an average age of 64.7 ± 11.42 years. The median preoperative and postoperative UCVA were 1.39 (0.94–1.82) and 0.00 (0.00–0.37) logMAR, respectively. All of the participants achieved a better postoperative UCVA than preoperative UCVA. The preoperative SE was not able to be measured using an automated refractometer. The postoperative SE of all participants had improved compared with the preoperative SE. The median preoperative and postoperative ACD were 3.15 (2.59–3.48) and 3.98 (2.93–4.33) mm, respectively. The value of postoperative ACD was significantly increased from preoperative ACD. For a subluxation of IOL position, there was a statistically significant difference between the values of ELP and postoperative ACD (P = 0.008). The mean EE was 0.96 ± 0.65 mm. The EE was a positive value in all participants, and the IOL position after cataract surgery was shifted to the front.

CONCLUSION:
After cataract surgery, the UCVA of all participants was improved, and the postoperative ACD was statistically significantly smaller than ELP. The EE was positive, and the IOL position after cataract surgery was shifted to the front of the eye.
The Effect of Distributed Leadership, School Climate, and Work Motivation on Teacher’s Job Satisfaction at Senior High School
Authors: Istiqomah  , Karnati Neti , Rugaiyah  
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to test and analyze the influence of distributed leadership, school climate, and work motivation on teacher’s job satisfaction at senior high school in Jakarta.

Theoretical Framework: In this topic focus on the meaning [Teachers Job Satisfaction, Distributed Leadedrship, School Climate, Work Motivation].

Method: Quantitative method with survey approach was used involving 370 teachers as respondents. Data collection technique was done through questionnaires arranged based on indicators of each variable. The data obtained were analyzed statistically

Results and Discussion: The results showed: First, distributed leadership significantly impacts teacher job satisfaction, accounting for 60.2% of the variance, indicating a fairly strong influence. Second, school climate demonstrates an even greater impact, with a very strong influence of 78.4% on teacher job satisfaction, emphasizing its critical role in fostering a positive and satisfying work environment. Third, work motivation contributes to teacher job satisfaction at a moderate level, influencing 35.1% of the outcome. These findings highlight the varying degrees of importance of leadership, school climate, and motivation in shaping teacher satisfaction levels.

Research Implications: The findings of this study serve as a basis for schools in developing strong distributed leadership as a supporter in meeting teacher job satisfaction. This study contributes to the development of theories in the fields of educational management and organizational psychology.

Originality/Value: The results of the study can strengthen existing theories on how distributed leadership, school climate, and motivation affect teacher job satisfaction.
ПОЛИТИКА КИТАЯ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
Authors: Байзакова К.И , Оракбаева У.М. , Усен М.А. 
Published: February 2025

Исследовательский интерес представляет одно из важных направлений китайско-центральноазиатских отношений, которое стало актуальным в последние несколько лет ввиду участия стран Центральной Азии в китайском геоэкономическом проекте «Один пояс, один путь» или «Инициатива пояса и пути». Центральная Азия всегда была важным регионом для Китая ввиду своего стратегического положения, природных ресурсов и геополитического значения. Благодаря китайской инициативе «Пояса и пути», а также финансовой помощи КНР странам региона, Центральная Азия вновь оказалась в эпицентре международной активности. В качестве методов исследования были выбраны контент-анализ и системный метод для выявления связи между политическими событиями и выстраиванием китайско-центральноазиатского сотрудничества. В данной статье будет рассмотрено многогранное влияние фактора Китая на Центральную Азию; описаны растущие политические и экономические отношения Китая с регионом; проведен анализ мнений общественности и экспертов о выгодах и рисках китайского присутствия в регионе. Рассмотрены основные этапы 30-летних дипломатических отношений между Китаем и центральноазиатскими странами, которые характеризуются устойчивым партнерством, конструктивным политическим диалогом, обширным сотрудничеством в экономических и гуманитарных сферах. Страны Центральной Азии одновременно стремятся к растущему китайскому присутствию, хотят воспользоваться его экономическим динамизмом и геостратегическим влиянием, но также опасаются его потенциального демографического и культурного влияния. Таким образом, данное исследование позволит адекватно осветить политику Китая в Центральной Азии на фоне геополитической турбулентности в современных региональных исследованиях и проанализировать ее важные последствия для региона.
Данное исследование финансируется Комитетом по науке Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан (грант № BR18574168).
ON THE QUESTION OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY
Authors: Nursultanova L.N. , Baissultanova K.Ch. 
Published: February 2025

Mutually beneficial economic ties are increasingly important in the current context of international relations, in comparison to "hard" powers. The intensification of international economic relations has led to the development of economic diplomacy, which aims to meet the domestic needs of a country and occupies a special place in inter-state relations. Economic diplomacy plays a great role in implementing the goals and objectives of a state's foreign policy, increasing the competitiveness of the national economy, and its recognition throughout the world. The use of methods and techniques of economic diplomacy in improving the competitiveness of a country's economy has been effective in achieving this goal.
This article analyzes the history and modern trends in the development of economic diplomacy based on the theoretical conclusions of scientists dealing with this problem. The history of economic diplomacy has its origins in the trade diplomacy of the ancient historical period and has passed through several stages in its development. A comprehensive study of economic diplomacy, including the means and methods used at different stages of historical development, is relevant both from a scientific and practical point of view. The historical comparative method is used as a methodological basis for the study of the problem raised in the article, which draws conclusions about the history of economic diplomacy.
It was established that the development of economic diplomacy was associated with different periods of world history and changing geopolitical conditions. The complication of interstate relations and the increasing predominance of economic factors in them began with trade diplomacy in antiquity and depended on the domestic politics of the country. The results and conclusions obtained in the study of the history of economic diplomacy within the framework of this article can be used in the curricula for the training of future specialists. The study of the emergence of diplomatic methods and means at each historical stage allows us to determine the level of development of economic diplomacy in modern international economic relations and its role in achieving the strategic objectives of the state. Economic diplomacy has wide opportunities at the international level to introduce domestic business to foreign markets, support them, and create favorable conditions for the sale of their products in foreign markets.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ИМИДЖ ГОСУДАРСТВА КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ: ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫЕ АРАБСКИЕ ЭМИРАТЫ
Authors: Ильясов А. , Чукубаев Е. 
Published: February 2025

Аннотация. Сила любого государства на протяжении тысячелетии традиционно характеризовалась мощью ее вооруженных сил, экономикой и способностью навязать свою политику в глобальном масштабе. Форма политической власти, известная как «жёсткая сила» долгие годы была единственным инструментом коррекции политических интересов и поведения сторон на международной арене. Тем не менее использование методов войны, угрозы и принуждения часто приводили к масштабным людским потерям, которые заставили пересмотреть парадигмы прошлого времени и породить новые. В условиях текущей гуманизации мирового социума, наращивание влияния государств стало возможным при создании привлекательного национального имиджа. Хотя брендинг был альтернативой нетрадиционной политической концепции, в последнее время он стал основой стратегии демонстрации «мягкой силы».
Целью статьи является выявление ключевых тенденции внешней политики ОАЭ в сфере «мягкой силы» и ее влияние на имидж государства. Важность исследования связана с ростом ОАЭ как региональной и глобальной экономической «державы», успешно использующей свои достижения в борьбе за региональное и международное влияния. Статья затрагивает различные аспекты, такие как культурная дипломатия, туризм, экономический успех и международное сотрудничество. В последние годы ОАЭ активно работают над улучшением своего образа на мировой арене для достижения целей в дипломатии, бизнесе и других областях. Исследование направлено на то, чтобы выделить инструменты влияния «мягкой силы», используемые ОАЭ в своей внешней политике. Кроме того, исследование направлено на выявление проблем, с которыми ОАЭ могут столкнуться в будущем при использовании нетрадиционной силы, и способов предотвращения любых потенциальных ловушек.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LEITURA NA PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL DO DISCENTE
Authors: Silva Lucélia Arévalo e , Pereira Paulo Roberto Barbosa 
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo abordará A importância da leitura na produção textual e como ela é fundamental no desempenho intelectual e social do aluno. A leitura é o elemento chave para sua comunicação e interpretação de vários textos orais ou escritos. Com a leitura frequente o discente será despertado para uma consciência crítica e criativa. Utilizar a leitura na produção textual é como ter um instrumento provocador de análise e reflexão; além da apropriação de conhecimentos. A leitura na produção textual prestará sua contribuição à medida que for bastante explorada, ela permitirá ao aluno visualizar metodologicamente as etapas básicas que constituem o conjunto de operações intelectuais que envolvem a atividade de escrever. O ato de escrever requer conhecimentos adquiridos; sendo eles praticados ou lidos. A leitura é a base de quem quer escrever, por isso ela é fundamental.