bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis: Mechanism research and clinical progress review
Authors: Zheng Chunge , Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesRadiation‐induced rhinosinusitis is a vital dose‐limiting reaction in patients with head and neck malignancy. Unlike oral mucositis during or after radiotherapy, radiation‐induced sinusitis is easily overlooked in clinical practice and rarely included in experimental studies. Herein, we review the literature to date on radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis.MethodsRelevant studies published between 1995 and 2022 were determined through a detailed search using open keywords from PubMed, with manual search of the reference list of the identified articles. Keywords searched were “ionizing radiation,” “radiotherapy,” “intensity‐modulated radiotherapy,” “head and neck tumor,” “nasopharyngeal carcinoma,” “nasal epithelium,” “radiation damage,” and “radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis.” Full‐text articles that clearly stated the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, predictors, treatment, and prognosis of radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis were included.ResultsRadiation‐induced rhinosinusitis occurs during radiotherapy and can last for months or even years after radiotherapy. A mixture of cellular outcomes caused by ionizing radiation and persistent damage of the epithelial and submucosal tissues after the treatment result from the radiotherapy itself. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves symptoms but can be accompanied by intraoperative and postoperative complications. Nasal irrigation, steroids, and antibiotics appear to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms to a certain extent. Studies on other potentially useful drugs are underway and in the exploration stage, without clinical application.ConclusionsDespite its high incidence, radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis is a type of dose‐limiting toxicity that theoretically does not produce fatal effects at controlled doses and with adequate follow‐up care. In moderate‐to‐severe cases, toxicity may be present. Currently, radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis has potential prevention and treatment strategies. However, no unified management protocol has shown significant improvement in radiation‐induced rhinosinusitis. Further research is necessary.
Reflections on bubble walls
Authors: Garcia Isabel Garcia , Koszegi Giacomo , Petrossian-Byrne Rudin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We discuss the dynamics of expanding bubble walls in the presence of massive dark photons whose mass changes as they cross the wall. For sufficiently thin walls, we show that there exists a transient kinematic regime characterized by a constant reflection probability of longitudinal — but not transverse — modes. This effect can have important implications for the dynamics of expanding vacuum bubbles in the early Universe. Most notably, it leads to a new source of pressure on the expanding interface, featuring a non-monotonic dependence on the γ-factor of the bubble walls and reaching a peak at intermediate γ-factors that we dub Maximum Dynamic Pressure. When this pressure is large enough to halt the acceleration of the bubble walls, the difference in vacuum energy densities goes into making a fraction of the dark photons relativistic, turning them into dark radiation. If the dark radiation remains relativistic until late times, an observable contribution to ∆Neff is possible for phase transitions with strength α ∼ 10−2− 10−1.
Prompting meaning: a hermeneutic approach to optimising prompt engineering with ChatGPT
Authors: Henrickson Leah , Meroño-Peñuela Albert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent advances in natural language generation (NLG), such as public accessibility to ChatGPT, have sparked polarised debates about the societal impact of this technology. Popular discourse tends towards either overoptimistic hype that touts the radically transformative potentials of these systems or pessimistic critique of their technical limitations and general ‘stupidity’. Surprisingly, these debates have largely overlooked the exegetical capacities of these systems, which for many users seem to be producing meaningful texts. In this paper, we take an interdisciplinary approach that combines hermeneutics—the study of meaning and interpretation—with prompt engineering—task descriptions embedded in input to NLG systems—to study the extent to which a specific NLG system, ChatGPT, produces texts of hermeneutic value. We design prompts with the goal of optimising hermeneuticity rather than mere factual accuracy, and apply them in four different use cases combining humans and ChatGPT as readers and writers. In most cases, ChatGPT produces readable texts that respond clearly to our requests. However, increasing the specificity of prompts’ task descriptions leads to texts with intensified neutrality, indicating that ChatGPT’s optimisation for factual accuracy may actually be detrimental to the hermeneuticity of its output.
Identifying the size and geographic scope of short-term rural cost-of-living increases in the United States
Authors: Díaz-Dapena Alberto , Loveridge Scott , Paredes Dusan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifference in terms of cost-of-living between rural and urban areas is a frequent theoretical analysis in Regional Economics. Lack of routine measures in rural areas does not usually allow to observe changes in rural costs. We adapt the Big Mac index, typically used to measure purchasing power parity between countries, as a potential quick and inexpensive indicator of short-term local price variations. With a national random sample of McDonald's stores repeated in time, we find prices grew slightly faster in rural areas than in urban areas. Spatial transmission of prices seems to be limited to very localized effects, meaning that rural price increases are not due to urban spillover effects.
From masquerading to blending in: ontogenetic shifts in antipredator camouflage in Wallace’s flying frogs
Authors: Stückler Susanne , Dawkins Xavier I. , Fuxjager Matthew J. , Preininger Doris 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A diversity of defence colourations that shift over time provides protection against natural enemies. Adaptations for camouflage depend on an organism’s interactions with the natural environment (predators, habitat), which can change ontogenetically. Wallace’s flying frogs (Rhacophorus nigropalmatus) are cryptic emerald green in their adult life stage, but juveniles are bright red and develop white spots on their back 1 month after metamorphosis. This latter conspicuous visual appearance might function as antipredator strategy, where frogs masquerade as bird or bat droppings so that predators misidentified them as inedible objects. To test this idea, we created different paraffin wax frog models—red with white spots, red without white spots, green, and unpainted—and placed them in equal numbers within a > 800 m2 rainforest house at the Vienna Zoo. This environment closely resembles the Bornean rainforest and includes several free-living avian predators of frogs. We observed an overall hit rate of 15.5%. A visual model showed that the contrast of red, green and control models against the background colouration could be discriminated by avian predators, whereas green models had less chromatic difference than red morphs. The attack rate was significantly greater for red but was reduced by half when red models had white spots. The data therefore supports the hypothesis that the juvenile colouration likely acts as a masquerade strategy, disguising frogs as animal droppings which provides similar protection as the cryptic green adult colour. We discuss the ontogenetic colour change as a possible antipredator strategy in relation to the different habitats used at different life stages.

Significance statement
Predation pressure and the evolution of antipredator strategies site at the cornerstone of animal-behaviour research. Effective antipredator strategies can change in response to different habitats that animals use during different life stages. We study ontogenetic shifts in colour change as dynamic antipredator strategy in juvenile and adult Wallace’s flying frogs. We show that the unusual colour pattern of juveniles (bright red with small white spots) likely functions as a masquerade of animal droppings. Specifically, we show that white dotting, which can be associated with animal faeces, acts as the main visual feature that turns an otherwise highly conspicuous individual into a surprisingly camouflaged one. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental exploration of a vertebrate masquerading as animal droppings.
In vitro release study of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofiber mats loaded with 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Samy Moshera , Ekram Basma , Abd El-Hady Bothaina M. , Ayoub Magdy M. H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe electrospinning process was used to successfully encapsulate an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), into poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (Gel) nanofiber mats (5-FU-PCL/Gel NFs). Nanofibers are recognized to be potential carriers for the delivery of anticancer drugs. One of the safest solvent systems for making PCL/Gel NF mats is the formic acid/acetic acid (FA/AA) solvent system. A compound solution jet was drawn from a customized coaxial spinneret using a high potential electric field of 20 kV. The loading of 5-FU with three different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) improved PCL stabilization in the FA/AA system. The miscibility of the blended polymers in the electrospun nanofibers mats and 5-FU being well distributed in the nanofiber matrix was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro 5-FU release from electrospun PCL/Gel NF mats revealed sustained release from the nanofiber mats, whereas slower release was found when higher concentrations of 5-FU were used. The produced electrospun PCL/Gel NF mats were studied by SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DSC. According to a study on drug release kinetics, 5-FU was released from PCl/Gel NFs in a diffusion-controlled pattern.
Long-term control of acromegaly after pituitary surgery in South-Eastern Norway
Authors: Falch Camilla M. , Dupont Anne K. , Olarescu Nicoleta C. , Wiedmann Markus , Dahlberg Daniel , Bollerslev Jens , Berg-Johnsen Jon , Heck Ansgar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sustained cure of acromegaly can only be achieved by surgery. Most growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenomas are macroadenomas (≥ 10 mm) at diagnosis, with reported surgical cure rates of approximately 50%. Long-term data on disease control rates after surgery are limited. Our aim was to estimate short- and long-term rates of biochemical control after pituitary surgery in acromegaly and identify predictive factors.

Methods
Patients operated for GH-secreting pituitary adenomas between 2005–2020 were included from the local pituitary registry (n = 178). Disease activity and treatment data were recorded at one-year (short-term) and five-year (long-term) postoperative follow-up. Biochemical control was defined as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) ≤ 1.2 × upper limit of normal value. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors potentially predicting biochemical control.

Results
A total of 178 patients with acromegaly (median age at diagnosis 49 (IQR: 38–59) years, 46% women) were operated for a pituitary adenoma. Biochemical control was achieved by surgery in 53% at short-term and 41% at long-term follow-up, without additional treatment for acromegaly. Biochemical control rates by surgery were of same magnitude in paired samples (45% vs. 41%, p = 0.213) for short- and long-term follow-up, respectively. At short-term, 62% of patients with microadenomas and 51% with macroadenomas, achieved biochemical control. At long-term, the biochemical control rate was 58% for microadenomas and 37% for macroadenomas (p = 0.058). With adjunctive treatment, 82% achieved biochemical control at long-term. Baseline IGF-1 levels significantly predicted biochemical control by surgery at short-term (OR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99), p = 0.011), but not at long-term (OR: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57–1.00), p = 0.053).

Conclusion
In unselected patients with acromegaly, the long-term biochemical control rate remains modest. Our findings indicate a need to identify patients at an earlier stage and improve therapeutic methods and surgical outcomes.
Quantifying future water-saving potential under climate change and groundwater recharge scenarios in Lower Chenab Canal, Indus River Basin
Authors: Shafeeque Muhammad , Hafeez Mohsin , Sarwar Abid , Arshad Arfan , Khurshid Tahira , Asim Muhammad Irfan , Ali Shoaib , Dilawar Adil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantifying water-saving potential (WSP) is crucial for sustainable water resource management in canal command areas and river basins. Previous studies have partially or fully ignored the importance of groundwater in WSP assessments, particularly in irrigated areas. This study is aimed at quantifying WSP in the Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) command area of the Indus River Basin, Pakistan, under various scenarios of future climate change and groundwater recharge. These quantifications are conducted using an empirical model based on the Budyko theory. The model was forced using observed, remote sensing, and CMIP6 future climate data for two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP245 and SSP585) and their ensembles (cold-dry, cold-wet, warm-dry, and warm-wet) for possible futures. The results showed that the average WSP in the LCC command area was 466 ± 48 mm/year during the historical period (2001–2020). The WSP is projected to decrease by – 68 ± 3% under the warm-dry ensemble scenario (SSP245 and SSP585) and – 48 ± 13% under the ensembled cold-wet scenario by 2100. The results also demonstrated that WSP could be increased by up to 70 ± 9% by artificially recharging 20% of the abstracted groundwater per year in the LCC command area by the late twenty-first century. Our findings highlight the importance of adopting artificial groundwater recharge to enhance the WSP and sustainably manage water resources in the LCC command area. Policymakers should consider these findings when deciding on water resource management in the Indus River Basin.
Active oscillations in microscale navigation
Authors: Wan Kirsty Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLiving organisms routinely navigate their surroundings in search of better conditions, more food, or to avoid predators. Typically, animals do so by integrating sensory cues from the environment with their locomotor apparatuses. For single cells or small organisms that possess motility, fundamental physical constraints imposed by their small size have led to alternative navigation strategies that are specific to the microscopic world. Intriguingly, underlying these myriad exploratory behaviours or sensory functions is the onset of periodic activity at multiple scales, such as the undulations of cilia and flagella, the vibrations of hair cells, or the oscillatory shape modes of migrating neutrophils. Here, I explore oscillatory dynamics in basal microeukaryotes and hypothesize that these active oscillations play a critical role in enhancing the fidelity of adaptive sensorimotor integration.
Why Weaving? Teaching Heritage, Mathematics, Science and the Self
Authors: Balabuch Allison , Rasoarifetra Bako 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWeaving provides an access point to teach students about the heritage and the dynamic cultural importance of weaving practices in Africa. Weaving education teaches patience and perseverance. It also teaches math from a practical and problem-solving stance, which values ethnomathematical knowledge and skills. Weaving teaches science through the understanding and environmental sustainability of local plants and their practical uses. Throughout this article, we have interwoven our own teaching stories from Canada and Ghana (Allison Balabuch) and Madagascar (Bako Rasoarifetra) through the themes of heritage, mathematics, science, and the development of the self. This article discusses the importance and value of including weaving education into the classroom.
An experimental comparison of multiple-choice and short-answer questions on a high-stakes test for medical students
Authors: Mee Janet , Pandian Ravi , Wolczynski Justin , Morales Amy , Paniagua Miguel , Harik Polina , Baldwin Peter , Clauser Brian E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent advances in automated scoring technology have made it practical to replace multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with short-answer questions (SAQs) in large-scale, high-stakes assessments. However, most previous research comparing these formats has used small examinee samples testing under low-stakes conditions. Additionally, previous studies have not reported on the time required to respond to the two item types. This study compares the difficulty, discrimination, and time requirements for the two formats when examinees responded as part of a large-scale, high-stakes assessment. Seventy-one MCQs were converted to SAQs. These matched items were randomly assigned to examinees completing a high-stakes assessment of internal medicine. No examinee saw the same item in both formats. Items administered in the SAQ format were generally more difficult than items in the MCQ format. The discrimination index for SAQs was modestly higher than that for MCQs and response times were substantially higher for SAQs. These results support the interchangeability of MCQs and SAQs. When it is important that the examinee generate the response rather than selecting it, SAQs may be preferred. The results relating to difficulty and discrimination reported in this paper are consistent with those of previous studies. The results on the relative time requirements for the two formats suggest that with a fixed testing time fewer SAQs can be administered, this limitation more than makes up for the higher discrimination that has been reported for SAQs. We additionally examine the extent to which increased difficulty may directly impact the discrimination of SAQs.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for non-invasive differential diagnosis of unclear left atrial mass
Authors: Christa Martin , Müntze Jonas , Lengenfelder Björn , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography detected a left atrial mass attached to the intra-atrialseptum. Intravenous contrast agent ruled out atrial thrombus, sugesting a left atrial myxoma. This highlights theimportance of contrast echocardiography for differential diagnosis of left atrial findings.
A modified neo-Hookean model for semi-crystalline thermoplastics assessed by relaxation and zero-stress creep tests of recycled polypropylene and polyoxymethylene
Authors: Stoltz Björn , Lindvall Magnus , Kroon Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of thermoplastics is strongly rate-dependent, and oftentimes it is difficult to find constitutive models that can accurately describe their behavior in the small to moderate strain regime. In this paper, a hyperelastic network model (modified neo-Hookean) and a set of experiments are presented. The testing consists of monotonic tensile loading as well as stress relaxation and zero stress creep. Two materials were tested, polyoxymethylene (POM) and recycled polypropylene (rPP), representing one more rigid and brittle and one softer and more ductile semi-crystalline polymer. The model contains two main novelties. The first novelty is that the stiffness is allowed to vary with the elastic deformation (in contrast to a standard neo-Hookean model). The second novelty is that the exponent governing viscous relaxation is allowed to vary with the viscous deformation. The basic features of the new model are illustrated, and the model was fitted to the experimental data. The model proved to be able to describe the experimental results well.
Product-group-specific nutrient index as a nutritional functional unit for the Life Cycle Assessment of protein-rich foods
Authors: Kyttä Venla , Kårlund Anna , Pellinen Tiina , Pietiläinen Oona , Tuomisto Hanna L. , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Pajari Anne-Maria , Saarinen Merja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Substitution of animal-source foods with plant-based alternatives requires product-specific information from both the environmental and nutritional perspectives. The use of nutrient indices as nutritional functional units (nFUs) in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of food products has been developed to integrate nutritional aspects into the method (nLCA). However, the methodological approaches vary because the execution of LCA always depends on context.

Methods
We present a methodological approach for the nLCA of protein-rich foods with a product-group-specific nFU, as update to earlier development work. We compared three strategies for selecting nutrients to be included in the nFU index for protein-rich foods in a national context, considering Finnish nutrition recommendations to different age groups, and the population’s dietary habits and nutrient intake. nFUs were demonstrated through cradle-to-plate LCA for foods made with beef, pork, broiler, trout, perch, chickpea, soya mince, and pulled oats as the main ingredients.

Results
The selected strategies to format the nFU have a marked impact on the results especially for fish- and plant-based food. The results of each population group, especially children, also differ. The choice of nutrients in the index, the type of food assessed, and the system boundaries of assessment have a considerable impact on the results.

Conclusion
The baseline nFU introduced in the study is valuable in producing sustainability information to support the aspiration to a sustainable dietary shift. The index used as the nFU should be formatted based on the study goal and scope, and vulnerable groups must be considered when interpreting the results.
The high-cyclic model for sand tested beyond the usual ranges of application
Authors: Knittel L. , Lamparter A. , Niemunis A. , Stutz H. H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high-cycle accumulation (HCA) model proposed by Niemunis et al. (Comput Geotech 32(4):245–263, 2005) predicts permanent deformations due cyclic loading with many small cycles (i.e. $$N \ge 10^4$$

N
≥

10
4

cycles of strain amplitudes $${\varepsilon }^{{\rm ampl}}\le 10^{-3}$$

ε

ampl

≤

10

-
3

). In the presented tests, the pressure range $$p^{{\rm av}}$$

p
av

is extended from 3 to 9 bar; the influence of the void ratio $$e \in (0.72, 0.95)$$

e
∈
(
0.72
,
0.95
)

and amplitudes of strains $$\varepsilon ^{{\rm ampl}} \in (0.1{\%}, 1{\%})$$

ε
ampl

∈

(
0.1
%
,
1
%
)

is tested in the extended range. Some empirical HCA functions could be confirmed and some require modifications. An interesting qualitative controversy pertains to the direction of circulation in the P–Q-plane for a validation of the polarization function $$f_\pi $$

f
π

, which does influence the rate of accumulation contrarily to the HCA assumption. The previous assumption that $$\dot{\varepsilon }^{{{\rm acc}}}$$

ε
˙

acc

remains constant above a certain pressure level, i.e. is independent of $$p^{{{\rm av}}}$$

p
av

, was experimentally refuted. Investigations on the cyclic preloading ($$\dot{f}_N$$

f
˙

N

) using 21 cyclic triaxial tests with varried monotonic strain paths between the cycle packages found a relationship of the direction of the monotonic strain path and the capacity to reduce cyclic preloading. This study’s findings deepen the understanding of how cyclic preloading is reduced, but the tests also highlight the need for future research in the area.