bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Hydroxyurea Use Among Youths Enrolled in Medicaid With Sickle Cell Anemia After 2014 Revision of Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Reeves Sarah L. , Peng Hannah K. , Wing Jeffrey J. , Cogan Lindsay W. , Goel Alka , Anders David , Green Nancy S. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Dombkowski Kevin J. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceYouths with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at risk of pain crises, stroke, and early death. Complications can be reduced by the oral disease-modifying medication hydroxyurea, and in 2014, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute published revised guidelines that hydroxyurea should be offered to youths aged 9 months and older with SCA regardless of disease severity.ObjectiveTo describe changes in hydroxyurea use among youths with SCA before and after release of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using administrative data from 2010 to 2018 from Michigan and New York State (NYS) Medicaid programs. The study population included youths aged 1 to 17 years with SCA enrolled in the Michigan or NYS Medicaid programs for at least 1 year (Michigan: 2010-2018; NYS: 2012-2018). Youths with SCA were identified using validated claims–based definitions. Data were analyzed from June to October 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was hydroxyurea use characterized as mean annual counts of days’ supply of filled hydroxyurea prescriptions. Rates of hydroxyurea use over time were assessed using regression models (Michigan: zero-inflated negative binomial; NYS: negative binomial). Models included indicators for periods before and after guideline release.ResultsA total of 4302 youths with SCA (2236 males [52.0%]; 2676 born 2005-2017 [62.2%]; 150 Hispanic [3.5%], 2929 non-Hispanic Black [68.0%], and 389 non-Hispanic White [9.0%]) contributed 12 565 person-years. The mean (SD) annual days’ supply of hydroxyurea was 47.2 (93.6) days per youth in Michigan and 97.4 (137.0) days per youth in NYS. In Michigan, there was an increase in the odds of having nonzero days’ supply after the guidelines were released (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07-2.14). In NYS, no change was seen in the mean days’ supply of filled hydroxyurea.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that hydroxyurea was substantially underused among youths with SCA, despite establishment as the primary disease-modifying therapy for SCA, and that there was incomplete clinician or patient uptake of newly released guidelines. Results suggest that expanding use of hydroxyurea may require a multifaceted approach that includes addressing multiple system- and patient-level barriers.
Association Between Ghrelin and Body Weight Trajectory in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kim Youngjung R. , Lauze Meghan S. , Slattery Meghan , Perlis Roy H. , Holsen Laura M. , Breithaupt Lauren , Stern Casey M. , Fava Maurizio , Thomas Jennifer J. , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceIndividuals with anorexia nervosa maintain extremely low body weights despite elevations in the circulating orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Whether circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin are associated with weight gain in anorexia nervosa is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between baseline ghrelin and future weight change in individuals with anorexia nervosa.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study was conducted between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2020, in the US. Girls and women aged 10 to 22 years were recruited from the greater Boston area from community and area treatment centers, enrolled, and followed up for 18 months. Statistical analyses were performed between January and August 2022.ExposuresPresence or absence of anorexia nervosa and elevations in endogenous ghrelin.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChanges in age- and sex-standardized body mass index percentiles from baseline to 9- and 18-month follow-up were the main outcomes of interest.ResultsA total of 68 girls and young women (11 [16%] Asian, 4 [6%] Hispanic or Latina, 51 [75%] White [non–Hispanic or Latina], and 2 [3%] other race or ethnicity), including 35 with anorexia nervosa and 33 healthy controls of similar Tanner stage, were included in this study. Anorexia nervosa and healthy control groups were not statistically different by race and ethnicity, Tanner stage, number completing follow-up visits, and the duration between baseline and follow-up visits. At baseline, individuals with anorexia nervosa were slightly older (median [IQR], 20.1 [18.5-21.0] vs 18.7 [14.7-19.4] years; P = .005), had lower body mass index percentiles (median [IQR], 2.4 [0.3-4.7] vs 52.9 [40.4-68.3]; P &amp;lt; .001), and had elevated circulating ghrelin area under the curve composite index (median [IQR], 1389.4 [1082.5-1646.4] vs 958.5 [743.0-1234.5] pg/mL; P = .003) compared with healthy individuals. In linear mixed-effects regression analyses, baseline ghrelin was associated with prospective weight gain after adjusting for diagnosis, age, race, and duration of follow-up (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.43-3.73; P = .004).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, endogenous ghrelin was associated with longitudinal weight gain in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Further studies are warranted to confirm this result and examine its potential clinical utility in treatment development.
High‐Energy‐Density Waterborne Dielectrics from Polyelectrolyte‐Colloid Complexes
Authors: Che Junjin , Zakri Cécile , Ly Isabelle , Neri Wilfrid , Laurichesse Eric , Chapel Jean‐Paul , Poulin Philippe , Yuan Jinkai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo meet the demands of miniaturization and integration of next‐generation power systems, a major challenge is to improve the energy density of used dielectric capacitors. Polymer nanocomposites are of great potential for high‐energy‐density capacitors. However, most of them are prepared via melt blending at high temperatures or solution processing in hazardous organic solvents, which are energy consuming and environmentally problematic. It has long remained economically and ecologically challenging to develop new dielectric materials. Here, a class of high‐energy‐density dielectrics made by electrostatically complexing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) latex with oppositely charged chitosan in an aqueous phase is reported. At the charge neutralization point, the film of PVDF@Chitosan complexes demonstrates the highest breakdown strength (630 MV m−1) and recoverable energy density (10.1 J cm−3), which are respectively 279% and 421% higher than the bare PVDF latex film, and far beyond most of the conventional solvent‐ or melt‐processed polymer films. The largely improved capacitive performances are ascribed to the significant minimization of losses at the critical charge neutralization point. The concept can be extended to a wide range of colloids, including polystyrene latex and aqueous bentonite suspension, highlighting the versatility of the proposed approach to develop environmentally friendly high‐performance capacitors.
Macro‐/mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Templated by Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Enable Enhanced Uptake of Large Molecules
Authors: Liu Min , Hudson Zachary M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe first synthesis of hierarchical porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs) is reported through a solvent evaporation‐induced co‐assembly of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) and MOF building blocks. The growth of MOFs is restricted to confined spaces formed by self‐assembled PS‐b‐PEO, and mesopores and/or macropores are created after removing PS‐b‐PEO by solvent rinsing. This approach avoids phase separation and competitive interactions between templates and MOF building blocks. Both amorphous and crystalline HP‐MOFs can be synthesized by finely controlling MOF growth conditions. Additionally, HP‐MOFs (ZIF‐L sheets) with honeycomb‐like channels show significantly enhanced incorporation of large guest molecules compared to microporous MOFs. This study establishes an efficient synthetic strategy for preparing HP‐MOFs with highly accessible mesopores and macropores for applications involving large molecules.
Plasmon Mediated Near‐Field Energy Transfer From Solid‐State, Electrically Injected Excitons to Solution Phase Chromophores
Authors: Wisch Jesse A. , Liu Xiao , Sarver Patrick J. , Kullmer Cesar N. Prieto , Millet Agustin , MacMillan David W. C. , Rand Barry P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn organic diode is demonstrated that near‐field energy transfers to molecules in solution via surface plasmon polaritons, in contrast to typical far‐field excitation via absorption of traveling photons. Electrically generated excitons couple to surface plasmon modes in the cathode; the plasmons subsequently excite chromophore molecules on top of the cathode. External quantum efficiency and time resolved photoluminescence measurements are used to characterize the diode and the near‐field energy transfer process. In addition, it is shown that excited chromophores can charge‐transfer to quencher molecules, illustrating the potential of this device to be used for photochemical applications.
Giant Nonlinear Optical Response via Coherent Stacking of In‐Plane Ferroelectric Layers
Authors: Mao Nannan , Luo Yue , Chiu Ming‐Hui , Shi Chuqiao , Ji Xiang , Pieshkov Tymofii S. , Lin Yuxuan , Tang Hao‐Lin , Akey Austin J. , Gardener Jules A. , Park Ji‐Hoon , Tung Vincent , Ling Xi , Qian Xiaofeng , Wilson William L. , Han Yimo , Tisdale William A. , Kong Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThin ferroelectric materials hold great promise for compact nonvolatile memory and nonlinear optical and optoelectronic devices. Herein, an ultrathin in‐plane ferroelectric material that exhibits a giant nonlinear optical effect, group‐IV monochalcogenide SnSe, is reported. Nanometer‐scale ferroelectric domains with ≈90°/270° twin boundaries or ≈180° domain walls are revealed in physical‐vapor‐deposited SnSe by lateral piezoresponse force microscopy. Atomic structure characterization reveals both parallel and antiparallel stacking of neighboring van der Waals ferroelectric layers, leading to ferroelectric or antiferroelectric ordering. Ferroelectric domains exhibit giant nonlinear optical activity due to coherent enhancement of second‐harmonic fields and the as‐resulted second‐harmonic generation was observed to be 100 times more intense than monolayer WS2. This work demonstrates in‐plane ferroelectric ordering and giant nonlinear optical activity in SnSe, which paves the way for applications in on‐chip nonlinear optical components and nonvolatile memory devices.
Recent Progress for Concurrent Realization of Shuttle‐Inhibition and Dendrite‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yao Weiqi , Xu Jie , Ma Lianbo , Lu Xiaomeng , Luo Dan , Qian Ji , Zhan Liang , Manke Ingo , Yang Chao , Adelhelm Philipp , Chen Renjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become one of the most promising new‐generation energy storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density (2600 Wh kg−1), cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their practical applications are seriously impeded by the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the uncontrolled dendrite growth of metallic Li, which result in rapid capacity fading and battery safety problems. A systematic and comprehensive review of the cooperative combination effect and tackling the fundamental problems in terms of cathode and anode synchronously is still lacking. Herein, for the first time, the strategies for inhibiting shuttle behavior and dendrite‐free Li–S batteries simultaneously are summarized and classified into three parts, including “two‐in‐one” S‐cathode and Li‐anode host materials toward Li–S full cell, “two birds with one stone” modified functional separators, and tailoring electrolyte for stabilizing sulfur and lithium electrodes. This review also emphasizes the fundamental Li–S chemistry mechanism and catalyst principles for improving electrochemical performance; advanced characterization technologies to monitor real‐time LiPS evolution are also discussed in detail. The problems, perspectives, and challenges with respect to inhibiting the shuttle effect and dendrite growth issues as well as the practical application of Li–S batteries are also proposed.
Understanding Causalities in Organic Photovoltaics Device Degradation in a Machine‐Learning‐Driven High‐Throughput Platform
Authors: Liu Chao , Lüer Larry , Corre Vincent M. Le , Forberich Karen , Weitz Paul , Heumüller Thomas , Du Xiaoyan , Wortmann Jonas , Zhang Jiyun , Wagner Jerrit , Ying Lei , Hauch Jens , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) now approach power conversion efficiencies of 20%. However, in order to enter mass markets, problems in upscaling and operational lifetime have to be solved, both concerning the connection between processing conditions and active layer morphology. Morphological studies supporting the development of structure–process–property relations are time‐consuming, complex, and expensive to undergo and for which statistics, needed to assess significance, are difficult to be collected. This work demonstrates that causal relationships between processing conditions, morphology, and stability can be obtained in a high‐throughput method by combining low‐cost automated experiments with data‐driven analysis methods. An automatic spectral modeling feeds parametrized absorption data into a feature selection technique that is combined with Gaussian process regression to quantify deterministic relationships linking morphological features and processing conditions with device functionality. The effect of the active layer thickness and the morphological order is further modeled by drift–diffusion simulations and returns valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms for improving device stability by tuning the microstructure morphology with versatile approaches. Predicting microstructural features as a function of processing parameters is decisive know‐how for the large‐scale production of OSCs.
Next‐Generation Photodetectors beyond Van Der Waals Junctions
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Tao , Xie Runzhang , Liu Anna , Dai Fuxing , Chen Yue , Xu Tengfei , Wang Hailu , Wang Zhen , Liao Lei , Wang Jianlu , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the continuous advancement of nanofabrication techniques, development of novel materials, and discovery of useful manipulation mechanisms in high‐performance applications, especially photodetectors, the morphology of junction devices and the way junction devices are used are fundamentally revolutionized. Simultaneously, new types of photodetectors that do not rely on any junction, providing a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and multidimensional modulation, have also emerged. This review outlines a unique category of material systems supporting novel junction devices for high‐performance detection, namely, the van der Waals materials, and systematically discusses new trends in the development of various types of devices beyond junctions. This field is far from mature and there are numerous methods to measure and evaluate photodetectors. Therefore, it is also aimed to provide a solution from the perspective of applications in this review. Finally, based on the insight into the unique properties of the material systems and the underlying microscopic mechanisms, emerging trends in junction devices are discussed, a new morphology of photodetectors is proposed, and some potential innovative directions in the subject area are suggested.
Clinical Validation of a Wearable Piezoelectric Blood‐Pressure Sensor for Continuous Health Monitoring
Authors: Min Seongwook , Kim Dong Hyun , Joe Daniel J. , Kim Byung Woo , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Jae Hee , Lee Bo‐Yeon , Doh Il , An Jaehun , Youn Young‐Nam , Joung Boyoung , Yoo Chang D. , Ahn Hyo‐Suk , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWearable blood‐pressure sensors have recently attracted attention as healthcare devices for continuous non‐invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) monitoring. However, the accuracy of wearable blood‐pressure (BP) monitoring devices has been controversial due to the low signal quality of sensors, the absence of an accurate transfer function to convert the sensor signals into BP values, and the lack of clinical validation regarding measurement precision. Here, a wearable piezoelectric blood‐pressure sensor (WPBPS) is reported, which achieves a high normalized sensitivity (0.062 kPa−1), and fast response time (23 ms) for CNAP monitoring. The transfer function of a linear regression model is designed, offering a simple solution to convert the flexible piezoelectric sensor signals into BP values. In order to verify the measurement accuracy of WPBPS, clinical trials are performed on 35 subjects aged from 20 to 80 s after screening. The mean difference between the WPBPS and a commercial sphygmomanometer of 175 BP data pairs is −0.89 ± 6.19 and −0.32 ± 5.28 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. By building a WPBPS‐embedded wristwatch, the potentially promising use of a convenient, portable, continuous BP monitoring system for cardiovascular disease diagnosis is demonstrated.
Far‐ and Near‐Field Heat Transfer in Transdimensional Plasmonic Film Systems
Authors: Biehs Svend‐Age , Bondarev Igor V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA confinement‐induced nonlocal electromagnetic response model is applied to study radiative heat transfer processes in transdimensional plasmonic film systems. The results are compared to the standard local Drude model routinely used in plasmonics. The former predicts greater Woltersdorff length in the far‐field and larger film thicknesses at which heat transfer is dominated by surface plasmons in the near‐field, than the latter. The analysis performed suggests that the theoretical treatment and experimental data interpretation for thin and ultrathin metallic film systems must incorporate the confinement‐induced nonlocal effect in order to provide reliable results in radiative heat transfer studies. The fact that the enhanced far‐ and near‐field radiative heat transfer occurs for much thicker films than the standard Drude model predicts is crucial for thermal management applications with thin and ultrathin metallic films and coatings.
Symptom characteristics of health care workers seeking outpatient psychiatric care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Doukas Ashley , DePierro Jonathan , Starkweather Sydney , Sharma Vanshdeep , Marin Deborah B. , Charney Dennis S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThough there is a growing body of research establishing a broad negative psychological impact of COVID‐19 among healthcare workers (HCWs), there are comparably fewer studies evaluating symptom presentation and clinical diagnoses among treatment‐seeking HCWs. The present report seeks to fill this gap in the literature by establishing the prevalence of anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress, alcohol misuse, and well‐being among treatment‐seeking HCWs.MethodData were collected from 421 treatment‐seeking HCWs in an outpatient hospital‐based mental health setting. Both self‐report measures and semi‐structured interviews were utilized to assess symptom severity and render psychiatric diagnosis at intake.ResultsAdjustment disorders were the most prevalent diagnosis at 44.2%. Of the 347 who completed self‐report measures, over 47% endorsed moderate‐to‐severe depressive symptoms, with 13% endorsing suicidal ideation (SI). Fifty‐eight percent scored in the moderate‐to‐severe range for anxiety, and 19% screened positive for COVID‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder. Further analyses revealed that those in medical support roles endorsed significantly greater depression symptoms relative to other groups and also reported SI at greater frequency. Medical trainees also endorsed SI at higher frequencies.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with previous research on the adverse impact of COVID‐19 stressors on HCWs' mental health. We further identified vulnerable groups that are underrepresented in the literature. These findings highlight the need for targeted outreach and intervention among overlooked HCWs populations.
Electron–Phonon Superconductivity in Boron‐Based Chalcogenide (X= S, Se) Monolayers
Authors: Serifi Ilias , Kanga N. Bré‐Junior , Drissi Lalla Btissam , Kara Abdelkader , Saidi El Hassan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectron–phonon mediated superconductivity is deeply investigated in two boron based monolayer materials, namely, , a metal exhibiting the ability to superconduct, and a new metal, , presenting perfect kinetic stability. Calculations based on density functional perturbation theory combined with the maximally localized Wannier function also reveal that both materials exhibit anisotropic planar hexagonal structure like graphene. The key parameters involved in the superconductor behavior are all calculated. The electronic density in the Fermi surface is given to provide the environment for enhanced electron–phonon coupling. The longitudinal and transverse vibration modes of optical phonons mainly contribute to the electron–phonon coupling strength. Furthermore, the binding energy between the bosonic Cooper pair superfluid is quantified and determined. The critical temperature for the two materials is 20 and 10.5 K, respectively. The results obtained show the potential use of such materials for superconducting applications.
Reduktion von Platin(IV)‐Prodrug Hämoglobin Nanopartikeln mit tief eindringender Ultraschallbestrahlung für eine gezielte und therapeutisch verstärkte Krebstherapie
Authors: Liang Ganghao , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Banerjee Samya , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Hanchen , Cui Minhui , Montesdeoca Nicolás , Karges Johannes , Xiao Haihua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie Entwicklung von PtIV‐Prodrugs, die in der Mikroumgebung des Tumors zu therapeutisch aktiven PtII‐Spezies reduziert werden, hat großes Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Um eine räumliche und zeitliche Kontrolle über die Behandlung zu ermöglichen, besteht ein großer Bedarf an der Entwicklung von Verbindungen, die bei Bestrahlung selektiv aktiviert werden können. Trotz jüngster Forschungsfortschritte werden die meisten PtIV‐Komplexe mit ultraviolettem oder blauem Licht angeregt, was die Verwendung solcher Verbindungen für oberflächliche Anwendungen einschränkt. Um diese Einschränkung zu überwinden, wird hier über das erste Beispiel von PtIV‐Prodrug Nanopartikeln berichtet, die mit tief eindringender Ultraschallstrahlung reduziert werden können, was die Behandlung von tiefsitzenden oder großen Tumoren ermöglicht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass sich die Nanopartikel nach intravenöser Injektion selektiv in einem Kolonkarzinom‐Tumor der Maus anreichern und den Tumor bei Bestrahlung mit Ultraschall zerstören können.
Bifunctional NHC‐Catalyzed Remote Enantioselective Mannich‐type Reaction of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural via Trienolate Intermediates
Authors: Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Jin Ming‐Lei , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song 
Published: March 2023

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed enantioselective Mannich‐type reactions of the biomass‐derived platform compound 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) with imines were developed. A series of high‐value‐added chiral amines were afforded in good to high yields with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The bifunctional NHC derived from ʟ‐pyroglutamic acid efficiently steered the remote addition of the trienolate intermediate to the imine in a highly stereocontrolled manner. This represents the first enantioselective reaction proceeding via an NHC‐bound trienolate intermediate.