bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal MHC-I complex is destabilized by amyloid-β and its implications in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Min-Seok , Cho Kwangmin , Cho Mi-Hyang , Kim Na-Young , Kim Kyunggon , Kim Dong-Hou , Yoon Seung-Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds
The expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) in neurons has recently been shown to regulate neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. However, its contribution to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unknown.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the relationship between impaired MHC-I-β2M complex and AD in vitro and human AD samples. Interaction between protein was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Single-chain trimer of MHC-I-β2M was generated to study the effect of stabilization of MHC-I-β2M complex on NCAM1 signaling.

Results
MHC-I is destabilized in the brains of AD patients and neuronal cells treated with oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ). Specifically, Aβ oligomers disassemble the MHC-I-β2-microglobulin (β2M) complex, leading to reduced interactions with neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), a novel interactor of neuronal MHC-I, and decreased signaling. Inhibition of MHC-I-β2M complex destabilization by non-dissociable MHC-I-β2M-peptide complex restored MHC-I-NCAM1 signaling in neuronal cells.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrated that disruption of MHC-1-NCAM1 signaling by Aβ induced disassembly of MHC-I-β2M complex is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Moreover, our findings suggest modulation of MHC-I stability may be a potential therapeutic target for restoring synaptic function in AD.
Outcomes and time trends of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with and without liver cirrhosis: an observational cohort
Authors: Pensier Joris , De Jong Audrey , Monet Clément , Aarab Yassir , Le Bihan Clément , Capdevila Mathieu , Lakbar Inès , Stock Lucas , Belafia Fouad , Chanques Gerald , Molinari Nicolas , Jaber Samir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In studies prior to lung-protective ventilation, liver cirrhosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was associated with high mortality rates. Since patients with cirrhosis have been excluded from many trials on ARDS, their outcome when treated with lung-protective ventilation is unclear. The objectives were to assess whether cirrhosis is associated with mortality in ARDS and trends over time in mortality and severity.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective observational cohort conducted in a 20-bed tertiary ICU from October 2003 to December 2021. All consecutive adult critically ill patients with ARDS were included. ARDS was defined by the Berlin criteria. The primary outcome was 90 day mortality, assessed with Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox analysis. Time trends were assessed on 90 day mortality, Sequential Organ-Function Assessment score (SOFA) and non-hepatic SOFA. Ventilation settings were compared between patients with and without cirrhosis.

Results
Of the 7155 patients screened, 863 had a diagnosis of ARDS. Among these ARDS patients, 157(18%) had cirrhosis. The overall 90 day mortality was of 43% (378/863), 57% (90/157) in patients with cirrhosis and 41% (288/706) in patients without cirrhosis (p < 0.001). On survival curves, cirrhosis was associated with 90 day mortality (p < 0.001). Cirrhosis was independently associated with 90 day mortality in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.20–2.02). There was no change in mortality over time in ARDS patients with and without cirrhosis. SOFA (p = 0.04) and non-hepatic SOFA (p = 0.02) increased over time in ARDS patients without cirrhosis, and remained stable in ARDS patients with cirrhosis. Tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, plateau pressure and driving pressure were not different between ARDS patients with and without cirrhosis.

Conclusions
Although ARDS management improved over the last decades, the 90 day mortality remained high and stable over time for both ARDS patients with (57%) and without cirrhosis (41%). Nevertheless, the severity of patients without cirrhosis has increased over time, while the severity of patients with cirrhosis has remained stable.

Graphical Abstract
Next-generation cyber attack prediction for IoT systems: leveraging multi-class SVM and optimized CHAID decision tree
Authors: Dalal Surjeet , Lilhore Umesh Kumar , Faujdar Neetu , Simaiya Sarita , Ayadi Manel , Almujally Nouf A. , Ksibi Amel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBillions of gadgets are already online, making the IoT an essential aspect of daily life. However, the interconnected nature of IoT devices also leaves them open to cyber threats. The quantity and sophistication of cyber assaults aimed against Internet of Things (IoT) systems have skyrocketed in recent years. This paper proposes a next-generation cyber attack prediction framework for IoT systems. The framework uses the multi-class support vector machine (SVM) and the improved CHAID decision tree machine learning methods. IoT traffic is classified using a multi-class support vector machine to identify various types of attacks. The SVM model is then optimized with the help of the CHAID decision tree, which prioritizes the attributes most relevant to the categorization of attacks. The proposed framework was evaluated on a real-world dataset of IoT traffic. The findings demonstrate the framework's ability to categorize attacks accurately. The framework may determine which attributes are most crucial for attack categorization to enhance the SVM model's precision. The proposed technique focuses on network traffic characteristics that can be signs of cybersecurity threats on IoT networks and affected Network nodes. Selected feature vectors were also created utilizing the elements acquired on every IoT console. The evaluation results on the Multistep Cyber-Attack Dataset (MSCAD) show that the proposed CHAID decision tree can significantly predict the multi-stage cyber attack with 99.72% accuracy. Such accurate prediction is essential in managing cyber attacks in real-time communication. Because of its efficiency and scalability, the model may be used to forecast cyber attacks in real time, even in massive IoT installations. Because of its computing efficiency, it can make accurate predictions rapidly, allowing for prompt detection and action. By locating possible entry points for attacks and mitigating them, the framework helps strengthen the safety of IoT systems.
Clinical significance of interleukin-6, total bilirubin, CD3 + CD4 + T cells counts in the acute exacerbation of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Chengxing , Meng Kaifang , Shi Shenyun , Zhao Tingting , Chen Shanshan , Zhou Xuan , Shu Ruilu , Ma Miao , Tian Mi , Ding Jingjing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of connective tissue disease (CTD) that can significantly impact patients' prognosis and quality of life. However, the current diagnostic arena lacks reliable biomarkers for detecting and monitoring the progression and exacerbation of CTD-ILD. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of 12 serum cytokines in the diagnosis of CTD-ILD and prediction of the risk of acute exacerbation (AE) in this disease.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional investigation. Ninety-one hospitalized CTD patients were allocated into two groups: CTD-ILD group (n = 61) and CTD-non-ILD group (n = 30), and 30 sex-age matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The serum concentrations of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and IL-1β were measured by Luminex suspension arrays. Logistic regression was employed to determine the significance of variables in the occurrence of AE-CTD-ILD. A nomogram was constructed to visualize the independent variables.

Results
Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed and compared in the CTD-ILD group with CTD-non-ILD (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were higher in the acute exacerbation (AE-CTD-ILD) group compared with stable CTD-ILD (S-CTD-ILD) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.022). Significant correlations between serum IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = − 0.463, P < 0.001), percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%; r = − 0.362, P < 0.05), and total ground-glass opacity (GGO) score (r = 0.439, P < 0.001) were observed in CTD-ILD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated IL-6 levels, total bilirubin (TBil), and decreased CD3 + CD4 + T cells counts were independent risk factors for the occurrence of AE-CTD-ILD (OR = 1.121, P = 0.024; OR = 1.865, P = 0.047; OR = 0.983, P = 0.037, respectively). Furthermore, by employing these three variables in combination for the prediction of AE status, their collective impact surpasses the independent effects of any single biomarker.

Conclusions
Elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were associated with the complication of ILD in CTD patients and the occurrence of AE in CTD-ILD patients. IL-6 could be a promising serum biomarker of severity and the occurrence of AE in CTD-ILD patients. The combination of the three variables (IL-6 level, TBil and CD3 + CD4 + T cells) predicted the AE-CTD-ILD better.
Lectins as potential tools for cancer biomarker discovery from extracellular vesicles
Authors: Islam Md. Khirul , Khan Misba , Gidwani Kamlesh , Witwer Kenneth W. , Lamminmäki Urpo , Leivo Janne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have considerable potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agents, in large part because molecular patterns on the EV surface betray the cell of origin and may also be used to “target” EVs to specific cells. Cancer is associated with alterations to cellular and EV glycosylation patterns, and the surface of EVs is enriched with glycan moieties. Glycoconjugates of EVs play versatile roles in cancer including modulating immune response, affecting tumor cell behavior and site of metastasis and as such, paving the way for the development of innovative diagnostic tools and novel therapies. Entities that recognize specific glycans, such as lectins, may thus be powerful tools to discover and detect novel cancer biomarkers. Indeed, the past decade has seen a constant increase in the number of published articles on lectin-based strategies for the detection of EV glycans. This review explores the roles of EV glycosylation in cancer and cancer-related applications. Furthermore, this review summarizes the potential of lectins and lectin-based methods for screening, targeting, separation, and possible identification of improved biomarkers from the surface of EVs.
Retention properties and mechanism of agricultural waste maize whisker on atmospheric mercury
Authors: Zheng Guiling , Chen Qianxiu , Zhou Feng , Li Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a global pollutant transmitted mainly through the atmosphere, posing a serious threat to biological survival and human health. Porous materials, with high specific surface area, high porosity, and high adsorption, are particularly suitable for the purification of atmospheric Hg mixtures. However, plant porous materials are rarely directly used for atmospheric Hg purification. In this study, the properties and mechanism of maize whisker in removing atmospheric Hg were analyzed. The results show that the Hg content in the whiskers increases significantly as the initial Hg concentration increases, and 79.38% Hg can be removed by 0.2 g maize whiskers after 1 h exposure when the initial Hg concentration is 0.1 μg m−3, indicating that maize whiskers can accumulate atmospheric Hg rapidly and effectively. The hole diameter of the maize whisker is between 0.83 and 3.06 μm, which is suitable for the adsorption of small substances. Correlation analysis shows that maize whiskers have a significant correlation between atmospheric Hg retention and its specific surface area, pore size, medium pore ratio, and micropore ratio, suggesting that the maize whisker hole feature has a significant influence on its ability to retain atmospheric Hg. Compared with the energy profiles before and after Hg treatment, the peak of Mg decreased after Hg adsorption. Fourier infrared spectrometer analysis suggests that functional groups such as -OH, -COOH, and -O- are involved in the adsorption process. The change in pH value shows an obvious effect on the overall change in zeta potential in the adsorption process. Therefore, a variety of mechanisms, including physical adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, complexation, chelation, and ion exchange, are involved in Hg retention with the maize whisker. This study reveals the important potential value of agricultural waste maize whiskers in the purification of atmospheric heavy metal Hg.
Graphical Abstract
Liver metastasis composed of pure squamous cell carcinoma component from pancreatic pure ductal adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Mano Yohei , Sugimachi Keishi , Shimagaki Tomonari , Tomino Takahiro , Onishi Emi , Lee Lingaku , Hisano Terumasa , Koga Yutaka , Taguchi Kenichi , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Liver metastasis of pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has not been previously reported.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old man underwent a computed tomography scan 3 years after surgery for pancreatic head cancer, and the scan revealed a mass lesion in the right lobe of the liver. A liver tumor biopsy was performed, and SCC was diagnosed. Whole sections of the pancreatic head cancer were re-evaluated, but no areas of SCC-like differentiation were identified. Although the pathology differed between the pancreas and liver, metastasis of adenosquamous carcinoma was considered. Three courses of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel were administered to treat the liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer, but no response was attained. Therefore, primary SCC of the liver was considered and hepatic resection was performed. The tumor had invaded the diaphragm, and S5/6 partial hepatic resection with right diaphragm resection was performed. Pathological examination showed pure SCC of the liver, which differed from the pancreatic cancer. KRAS mutations were evaluated in the pancreatic and liver tumor specimens, and Q61R mutation was identified in both specimens. This pure SCC of the liver was diagnosed as metastasis from pancreatic cancer not by histology but by genetic analysis.

Conclusions
This is the first reported case of pure SCC liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer without a squamous cell component in the primary tumor. Evaluation of KRAS mutations in both specimens was useful for diagnosis.
Implication of red meat consumption habits in serum uric acid levels and mood disorders among first-trimester pregnant women
Authors: Alharbi Mudi H. , Alharbi Nora H.J. , Brnawi Ibtihal A. , Atiq Elham H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Dietary pattern involving meat consumption has an association with serum uric acid level which subsequently has an impact on moods. However, this relationship is not clearly established in pregnant women, particularly those who are accustomed to daily meat consumption.

Objective
This study investigated the relationship between red meat consumption and uric acid level and the subsequent impact on mood disorders in 1st trimester pregnant women.

Methodology
A total of 92 pregnant women in their first trimester (8–12 weeks), were selected for this study. Socio-demographic characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), educational qualification, sleep hours, blood pressure and exercise status were recorded. To assess meat consumption, classification based on the recruited population consumption was divided into low and high meat consumption groups. Serum uric acid level was estimated in plasma. Mood disorder, namely, depression and anxiety were assessed using a self-reported Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using different statistical tools.

Results
Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of depression (OR = 0.059, 95% CI 0.02–0.172, p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 0.144, 95% CI 0.055–0.375, p < 0.001) in the high meat consumption group. Further, the potential confounders, high BMI and less exercise increased the odds of depression and anxiety in high meat consumption groups. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant influence of meat consumption on uric acid level (F (1, 90) = 305.385, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The study recommends regular clinical screening of mood disorders, and recommends reasonable consumption of lean meat and/or replacing some portions with fish, as well as, a commitment to eating a healthy, balanced diet. It also suggests extensive studies because it could be linked to postpartum mood disorders among those who consume red meat every day.
Survival status and predictors of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa COVID-19 Care Centers, Ethiopia: A survival analysis
Authors: Nega Girma , Sibhat Migbar , Mekonnen Altayework , Techane Tesfaye 
Published: September 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress on the health care system of many countries worldwide. To accommodate the growing number of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, hospitals expanded and tried to meet overwhelming demands. Despite this, outcomes of patients after mechanical ventilation were devastating, with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study investigated the survival status and predictors of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was applied on the patient charts of 496 critically ill and mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients at intensive care units of Addis Ababa COVID-19 Care Centers from September 2020 to October 2021. Data were collected using a data extraction checklist and entered into Epi data manager. Then, data were transferred to STATA V-14 for cleaning and analysis. The cox-proportional hazard regression model was used for analysis. Covariates with p-value ≤0.20 in the bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariate analysis after the model fitness test. Finally, statistical significance was decided at p-value <0.05, and hazard ratios were used to determine the strength of associations. Results: Of the 496 patients, 63.3% had died. The incidence rate of mortality was 56.7 (95% CI: 50.80, 63.37) per 1,000 person-days of observation, with 5534 person-day observations recorded. Advanced age (>60 years old) (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.86; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.15) and being invasively ventilated (AHR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.26) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Furthermore, presence of diabetes (AHR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.08), shock (AHR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.52), and delirium (AHR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44) were significantly associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Clear directions are needed in the recommendation of non-invasive versus invasive ventilation, especially among elderly patients. The controversy of when to intubate (early versus late) needs to be clarified as well. Early detection and prompt management of shock is paramount.
Immune system and tumor microenvironment in early-stage breast cancer: different mechanisms for early recurrence after mastectomy and chemotherapy on ductal and lobular types
Authors: Andrianto Andreas , Sudiana I Ketut , Suprabawati Desak Gede Agung , Notobroto Hari Basuki 
Published: September 2023

Background: The most common type of breast cancer is the ductal type (IDC), followed by lobular type (ILC). Surgery is the main therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy might be given to those at high risk of recurrence. We aimed to determine the mechanisms in early local recurrence in both types. Methods: An observational case-controlled study was used. Early-stage IDC and ILC patients who received modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and adjuvant taxan and anthracycline base chemotherapy had recurrence within two years. We examined vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and clustered differentiation (CD95) Results: In the ductal type group, there were 25 samples revealing local recurrence and 25 samples that did not recur. The lobular type group comprised six participants who did not have a recurrence, while seven subjects had a recurrence. There were significant differences in the expression of vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021, respectively), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) in ductal and lobular cancer types, respectively. MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000) only showed a significant difference in the ductal type. The pathway analysis showed that in the ductal type, the mechanism of recurrence was enabled by two factors: α-SMA and CD95. Meanwhile, for the lobular type, the recurrence mechanism was through the CD95 pathway. Conclusions: The tumor microenvironment and immune system both affect recurrence in IDC, whereas the immune system is more important in ILC. This study suggests that immune system enhancement may be an option for treating cancer.
Rapid maxillary expansion: a clinical insight for the general dental practitioner
Authors: Slaymaker Jack , Woolley Julian , Hirani Sunil 
Published: September 2023

Rapid maxillary expansion is an orthodontic treatment approach for corrections of transverse discrepancies, such as crossbites. Rapid maxillary expansion expands the palate by applying forces to the teeth and surrounding tissues to separate the mid-palatal suture, allowing for the correction of the indicated malocclusions. A general dental practitioner should be aware of the indications, treatment strategy and play an important role in the timely referral of patients for orthodontic assessment. This article offers a comprehensive overview of rapid maxillary expansion, expansion protocols, and an in-depth analysis of the prevalent characteristics associated with expansion, along with evidence-based recommendations for effective management. CPD/Clinical relevance: This paper aims to give the general dental practitioner clinical insight into rapid maxillary expansion, the devices used and the indications for use.