bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysis of target cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the presence of tunicamycin by anti-VSV cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Harris D T , Hale A H , Lefrancois L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have analyzed the requirement for the expression of the major surface glycoprotein (G protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on target cells for recognition and lysis by anti-VSV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, we have attempted to determine if the carbohydrate moieties on the G protein are required for recognition and lysis by anti-VSV CTL. When VSV (Orsay) is grown at 30 degrees C in the presence of tunicamycin (TM), glycosylation of G protein is inhibited; however, nonglycosylated G protein is found on the surface of the cell and active virus particles are produced. In contrast, VSV (Orsay) grown at 39 degrees C in the presence of TM produces low titers of virus and the presence of G protein on the surface of cells is not detectable. The susceptibility of these target cells to lysis by anti-VSV CTL was analyzed. The results suggest that expression of the G protein is required for target cell lysis by anti-VSV CTL. However, the presence of the carbohydrate moieties on the G protein are nt an absolute requirement for recognition by anti-VSV CTL. VSV-infected target cells incubated in the presence of TM were lysed by anti-VSV CTL up to 50 to 80% of the infected target cell control. This result suggests either that some clones of anti-VSV CTL recognize carbohydrate moieties or that carbohydrate moieties play some as yet undefined nonantigenic role in the recognition of the target antigen by the CTL receptor.
Immunoglobulin class commitment exhibited by B lymphocytes separated according to surface isotype.
Authors: Teale J M , Lafrenz D , Klinman N R , Strober S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to determine the extent to which B cells exhibit class commitment, the isotype(s) secreted by individual B cells and their progeny was studied in relation to the isotype(s) expressed on the surface of the B cell. Both primary and secondary B cells were separated according to cell surface isotypes and analyzed under optimal stimulation conditions using the T-dependent splenic focus assay. From these studies the following conclusions conclude be made: a) essentially all mature primary B cells appear to express mu on their surface; b) accordingly, the primary B cell population appears to be devoid of B cells expressing solely IgG on their surface; c) the majority of primary B cells in the presence of optimal T cell help have the potential for multiple class production; d) the secretion of IgA coincides with that of IgM and not IgG in its synthesis by immature B cells; e) a substantial proportion of memory B cells bear mu on their surface; f) memory B cells that lack s-mu are unable to yield clones secreting IgM; and g) a substantial proportion of memory B cells have the potential for multiple class production.
The biochemical and biological characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. VI. Generation of a B cell hybridoma whose antibody product inhibits interleukin 2 activity.
Authors: Gillis S , Henney C S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In attempts to generate monoclonal antibodies with reactivity directed against the lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL-2, T cell growth factor), spleen cells harvested from BALB/c mice previously immunized with rat IL-2 were fused with the BALB/c myeloma SP2. Several of the resultant hybrid cell lines secreted a product that significantly neutralized (greater than 50%) IL-2--dependent T cell proliferation. Several lines of evidence suggested that the inhibitory activity was associated with a monoclonal IgG antibody directed against IL-2 determinants. First, passage of cloned hybrid cell culture supernatants through a protein A-coupled Sepharose column yielded purified immunoglobulin G fractions that inhibited mouse, rat, and human IL-2 activity. Secondly, hybridoma-derived IgG, in concert with lyophilized Staphylococcus aureus, was capable of precipitating both "cold" and intrinsically labeled IL-2 activity. Finally, Sepharose conjugated with purified IgG fractions provided on extremely reactive IL-2 absorption matrix. These results suggest that monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-2 determinants may eventually provide new detection assays for IL-2 and allow affinity chromatography to be employed for the isolation of this lymphokine.
Natural cytotoxic cells against solid tumors in mice. III. A comparison of effector cell antigenic phenotype and target cell recognition structures with those of NK cells.
Authors: Lattime E C , Pecoraro G A , Stutman O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antisera directed to antigens present on natural killer (NK) cells such as Qa-2,3, Qa-5, NK-1.2, Ly 11.2, and Asialo GM 1 failed to eliminate natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity from murine spleen cells, suggesting a heterogeneity of effector populations involved in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC). Cross-cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that certain similar recognition structures are present both on NK and NC susceptible tumor target cells.
Characterization of the T lymphocyte colony-forming cells and evidence for the acquisition of T cell markers in the absence of the thymic microenvironment in man.
Authors: Triebel F , Robinson W A , Hayward A R , de Laforest P G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The nature of the T colony-forming cell (T-CFC) in agar is still controversial. We present evidence that blood mononuclear cells depleted of T cells by E-rosetting or lysis with OKT 3 and complement can give rise to E+ OKT 3+ colonies in the presence of supernatants of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes (P-SUP) containing a cell growth factor. Both OKT 4+ (67%) and OKT 8+ (32%) cells were found in the colonies, and less than 10% of these cells were Ia+. We consider that colonies in agar can arise from the proliferation and maturation of a circulating immature progenitor (T colony-forming cell, or T-CFC) that does not need the thymic environment to acquire the OKT 3, 4, and 8 antigens or E receptor. In contrast, Ia+ OKT 3+ cells that are maintained by P-SUP in long-term liquid culture are reportedly derived from mature T cells, and this proliferation might represent the counterpart of the in vivo response to any mitogenic stimulation of the peripheral compartment of mature T cells.
The biochemical characterization of a cell surface antigen associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphocyte precursors.
Authors: Newman R A , Sutherland R , Greaves M F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The acute lymphoblastic leukemia- (ALL) associated membrane antigen is a single glycosylated polypeptide of approximate m.w. of 100,000 (gp100), containing no intrachain disulfide linkages. Approximately 50% of gp100 will bind to lentil lectin, whereas 100% will bind to the lectin from Ricinus communis. Both lentil-binding and lentil nonbinding forms of the antigen appear to be identical by 2-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping. Carbohydrate, although contributing approximately 20 to 25% of the m.w., appears not to be involved in the antigenic site of the ALL antigen as judged by precipitation of a molecule after tunicamycin treatment of cells or glycosidase digestion. Charge shift electrophoresis and labeling with the lipophilic nitrene reagent hexanoyl diiodo-N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-tyramine suggests that the cALL antigen is probably not an integral membrane protein; however, it remains tightly bound to the plasma membrane after subcellular fractionation. A glycoprotein of the same m.w. has been detected by immunoprecipitation on bone marrow cells of nonleukemic patients. serologic studies indicate that the cALL-associated antigen is found on the terminal transferase-positive lymphoid cells, and it therefore seems likely that the gp100 molecule is a normal gene products of lymphocyte precursors.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of C3-receptor reactivities on lymphoid and phagocytic cells.
Authors: Schmitt M , Mussel H H , Dierich M P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Highly purified human C3, free of C5 and beta 1H, was used to prepare EAC14oxy23b, EAC14oxy23b' (C3b cells treated with purified C3bINA and beta 1H) and EAC14oxy23d (C3b' cells treated with trypsin). These intermediates were used to assess by rosette formation C3-receptor activity on various cells. The number of cell-bound C3 per C3b, C3b', and C3d cell was quantified by applying 14C-formaldehyde-labeled C3. Human PBL reacted to about the same degree with C3b, C3b', and C3d cells, whereas monocyte-free PBL enriched for B cells interacted preferentially with the C3b' and the C3d cells; human tonsil lymphocytes behaved similarly. The reaction of Raji cells was clearly assessable with C3b cells and was accelerated with C3b' and C3d cells. Daudi cells reacted with C3b' and C3d cells only, in comparison to Raji cells with a much lower activity. Human granulocytes reacted equally well with C3b and C3b' cells, but towards C3d cells they were almost unreactive. Human monocytes formed rosettes with C3b cells, and at a lower level, rosettes with C3b' cells. C3d cells were unreactive. Similar reaction patterns were obtained with guinea pig leukocytes, whereas mouse leukocytes were totally different, since peritoneal macrophages only formed rosettes with human C3b' cells.
Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis.
Authors: Carney W P , Rubin R H , Hoffman R A , Hansen W P , Healey K , Hirsch M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and herpes virus antigens are diminished during cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis. We analyzed peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients in the acute and convalescent phases of CMV mononucleosis using monoclonal antibodies directed against the T helper and the T cytotoxic-suppressor cell subsets. Acute CMV infection is associated with a reversal in the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T lymphocytes with relative and absolute decreases in T helper cells and corresponding increases in T suppressor cells. These alterations in T lymphocyte subsets are accompanied by diminished lymphocyte responses to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). During convalescence, helper T lymphocytes increase, suppressor T lymphocytes decrease, and Con A responses return to normal.
Time-dependent inhibition of tuberculin-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis by a serine protease inhibitor.
Authors: Ku G S , Quigley J P , Sultzer B M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a group-specific irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases, has been shown to exert time-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis of lymphocytes stimulated by three different B lymphocyte mitogens: purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), endotoxin protein (EP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The time-dependent inhibition profile found in B lymphocytes is absent in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated T lymphocytes. Structural analogs of DFP, which have lost the phosphorylating ability, are not inhibitory. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by DFP is reversible in the first 8 hr of mitogenic stimulation. Maximal and irreversible inhibition by DFP occurs around the 16th hour of stimulation. These data support the postulate that a mitogenesis-linked protease, or proteases, in B lymphocytes is absent in the resting cells but is made available several hours before the initiation of DNA synthesis in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Radiation sensitivity of human natural killer cell activity: control by X-linked genes.
Authors: Brovall C , Schacter B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity of human natural killer cell activity after exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to different doses of gamma irradiation was examined in a group of healthy adults and several families. Three patterns of radiation sensitivity were observed: 1) loss of all NK activity after 3000 rads irradiation; 2) loss of approximately 50% of the NK activity; and 3) maintenance of activity after this dose of irradiation. Low dose irradiation (500 to 2000 rads) resulted in an enhancement of activity. The radiation dose giving low dose activation reflected the individual's sensitivity to 3000 rads. Population studies and the segregation in two informative families indicate that radiation sensitivity of NK activity is controlled by X-linked codominant gene.
Lymphoid cell responses to bacterial cell wall components: mitogenic responses of murine B cells to Streptococcus mutans carbohydrate antigens.
Authors: Hamada S , McGhee J R , Kiyono H , Torii M , Michalek S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mitogenic activity of various purified serotype carbohydrate and cell wall lysate fractions of Streptococcus mutans for murine lymphocytes has been determined. The highest mitogenic responses occurred after 48 hr of stimulation with these carbohydrate preparations when tested on splenic cultures derived from C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice. The response pattern obtained with optimum concentrations of these preparations was very similar to that seen with the B cell mitogen, LPS. A purified serotype g carbohydrate (M1 g) prepared by mutanolysin enzyme treatment of S. mutans 6715 cell walls stimulated good mitogenic responses in BALB/c nude and nu/+ splenic cultures, suggesting an effect on mouse B cells. This was further substantiated by studies showing that this antigen also induced responses in cultures of B cells purified by nylon wool fractionation, whereas purified T cells did not respond. Mitogenic responses were due to the carbohydrate moiety and not to possible LPS contamination, since alkaline treatment or mixture with polymyxin B greatly reduced responses to LPS; however, no alteration of mitogenic responses to M1 g occurred. Further, LPS nonresponsive C3H/HeJ spleen cells yielded good mitogenic responses to M1 g. On the other hand, periodate treatment, which is known to decompose carbohydrate moieties completely abrogated the mitogenic activity of M1 g antigen. Additional studies with serotypes c and e carbohydrate, which also induced mitogenic responses, suggested that this activity for lymphoid cells may be a common property of S. mutans cell wall carbohydrate.
Significance of class 1 and class 2 major histocompatibility complex antigens: help to allogeneic K and D antigens does not involve I recognition.
Authors: Swain S L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The significance of the dichotomy of MHC antigens was investigated. It was determined that primed helpers directed against allogeneic class 1 antigens (K and D in the mouse) were not restricted to syngeneic class 2 antigens (I in the mouse). Furthermore, the generation of helper T cell-replacing factor by stimulation with K or D antigens was not blocked by Ia antibodies that were effective in blocking the same factors generated in response to I region MHC antigens. It is concluded that class 2 antigens are not recognized during the response of helpers to class 1 antigens, and it is suggested that class 1 and class 2 molecules can perform reciprocal functions.
Immunologic control of the ascites form of murine adenocarcinoma 755. IV. Characterization of the protective antibody in hyperimmune serum.
Authors: Matthews T J , Collins J J , Roloson G J , Thiel H J , Bolognesi D P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The potent capacity of B6 anti-AD755a tumor cell serum to protect mice against challenge with large doses of the homologous tumor cells has been shown to reside in the IgG2a antibody subclass. Despite their inability to protect in vivo, other IgG subclass antibodies obtained from the anti-AD755a serum demonstrated serologic reactivities in vitro comparable to those obtained with the protective IgG2a fraction. The specificity of serum protection is linked to the oncornavirus associated with the AD755a tumor and the serum immunoprecipitates only virus structural proteins from the tumor cell surface. Removal of these antibodies by specific immunoadsorbent resins eliminated nearly all of the in vitro serologic reactivity of unfractionated serum and the IgG2a subclass, but it had absolutely no effect on their protective capacity in vivo. Further target cell-binding studies suggest that nonprotective antibodies in the anti-AD755a serum bind more efficiently to the target cell in vitro than the protective fraction and have raised the possibility that the latter antibodies may only have weak affinity for the target cell itself.
A new minor histocompatibility locus linked to H-3.
Authors: Click R E , Schneider D , Roopenian D C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B10, BALB.B, and A.BY shared an allele at a new locus not shared by B10.LP-H-3b. This locus is linked to the minor histocompatibility gene, H-3, in the 5th linkage group of chromosome 2 of the mouse. The product of the new gene fits the criteria of a minor histocompatibility antigen, since it induced as well as served as a target for cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and its presence accelerated skin graft rejection when compared with that caused by H-3.1. F1 complementation of skin graft rejection and generation of CTL indicated that A.BY and BALB.B do not share H-3a with B10 as previously reported but possess the c allele of their congenic partners A and BALB/c. Thus, B10.LP-H-3b and B10 differ from one another by at least 2 minor histocompatibility loci. The specificity of CTL developed in B10. LP-H-3b and appropriate F1 hybrids indicate that the lytic activity of CTL specific for H-3.1 was restricted to target cells possessing H-2Kb antigens; this contrasted to the H-2Db-restricted activity of CTL specific for the product of the new gene.
Glycolipids of murine lymphocyte subpopulations: a defect in the levels of sialidase-sensitive sialosylated asialo GM1 in beige mouse lymphocytes.
Authors: Schwarting G A , Gajewski A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neutral glycosphingolipids as well as some of the sialic acid containing glycolipids, or gangliosides, were quantitated from thymocytes and splenic T lymphocyte preparations from normal and natural killer-deficient mice of various ages. Previously, asialo GM1 was considered the product of acid hydrolysis of the ganglioside GM1. However, in the murine lymphoid system asialo GM1 is a normally occurring glycolipid that appears to be one of the intermediates in the biosynthesis between lactosylceramide and some recently described, terminally sialosylated gangliosides (for structures see Table I). Asialo GM1, which is a putative marker for murine natural killer cells, is unaltered in thymocytes but is found at reduced levels in 5- to 15-wk-old beige mouse splenic T cell preparations. A sialosylated derivative of asialo GM1, which is sialidase sensitive, is increased in postnatal splenic lymphocytes but then falls to below normal levels in 5- to 15-wk-old beige mice. The concentration of this ganglioside is also altered in the same manner in the thymus. Analysis of the total gangliosides of beige thymus and spleen indicates that there are several possible deletions, but it still not known whether these deletions are related to the natural killer dysfunction in these mice. These studies show that there is a defect in the synthesis or degradation of several related glycosphingolipids in beige lymphocytes, at least 1 of which contains sialic acid, but whose structure remains unknown.
Analysis of the biosynthesis of HLA-DR glycoproteins in human malignant melanoma cell lines.
Authors: Lloyd K O , Ng J , Dippold W G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human malignant melanoma cell line SK-MEL-37 expresses HLA-DR antigens having a characteristic 2-chain structure, with heavy chains (alpha) of approximately 32,000 daltons and light chains (beta) of approximately 28,000 daltons. Nonequilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) on HLA-DR immunoprecipitated by rabbit anti-HLA-DR sera from [35S]-methionine-labeled, pulse-chased cells showed 2 closely spaced heavy-chain components (1, 2) and 4 light-chain spots (3-6). From nonchased samples, numerous more-basic components running in the heavy chain region were also precipitated. In particular, a very basic, 30,000 dalton component (pl approximately 8.5) was prominent (component 7); this spot probably corresponds to the invariant (Ii) peptide previously demonstrated in lymphoid cell HLA-DR precipitates (9) and the M-1 peptide of Shackelford and Strominger (10). None of these components (alpha, beta, or component 7) was precipitated from extracts of HLA-DR-negative melanoma cells. Pulse-chase experiments and the use of different labeled sugar precursors showed that component 7 is a partially glycosylated intracellular precursor, possibly of the HLA-DR alpha-chain. None of the immunoprecipitates, even from cells pulse-labeled for only 15 min, contained a peptide migrating in the 55,000 to 60,000 m.w. region. It was concluded that melanoma HLA-DR is not synthesized via a polyprotein precursor. In contrast to these results, obtained with rabbit anti-HLA-DR sera, a mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR was found to precipitate only biosynthetically completed alpha (1, 2) and beta (3-6) chains.
Fifth component of guinea pig complement: purification and characterization.
Authors: Kinoshita T , Hong K , Kondo K , Inoue K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The 5th component of complement (C5) was purified from guinea pig serum. The 6-step procedure, involving removal of C1 by precipitation at pH 7.5, mu = 0.04, 2.0 M ammonium sulfate precipitation, acid precipitation at pH 5.6 mu = 0.1, and successive chromatographies on Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite columns, yielded 1.6 to 4 mg of C5 from 250 ml of serum. Purified C5 gave 1 protein band on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecylsulfate-(SDS) PAGE. Guinea pig C5, like human C5, consisted of 2 polypeptide chains designated as alpha (m.w. of 108,000) and beta (m.w. of 79,000) linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid composition was also very similar to that of human C5. The amino-terminus of the alpha-chain was aspartic acid or asparagine, and that of the beta-chain was undetectable by the dansyl method. Limited proteolysis of C5 with trypsin caused virtually no alteration in its mobility on immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-PAGE without reduction. Cleavage with trypsin was restricted to the alpha-chain: the beta-chain was totally resistant to the digestion. The alpha-chain was split into at least 4 fragments of 58,000, 34,000, 29,000, and 27,000 daltons linked to one another and/or to the beta-chain by disulfide bonds.
The regulation of growth and differentiation of a murine B cell lymphoma. II. The inhibition of WEHI 231 by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies.
Authors: Boyd A W , Schrader J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
WEHI 231 is a murine B cell lymphoma, which from our previous studies is highly susceptible to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced differentiation signal. In this paper we show that anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody at low concentrations (0.1 micrograms/ml) inhibits cell proliferation and results in cell death. Heterologous sera specific for mu- and kappa-chains, and a monoclonal antibody (E4) developed in our laboratory and specific for mu-chain, profoundly suppressed the growth of WEHI 231 in both soft agar culture and liquid culture. The F(ab')2 fragments were as potent as intact Ig, indicating that neither Fc receptor binding nor complement activation were required for this inhibition of growth. Neither heterologous antibodies that bound to WEHI 231 but not to the Ig receptor, nor a monoclonal antibody that bound to non-Ig cell surface structures (a brain-associated antigen) inhibited the growth of WEHI 231. LPS did not prevent inhibition of growth by anti-Ig antibody, and even when addition of LPS preceded the addition of anti-Ig, profound inhibition occurred. WEHI 231 thus promises to be a convenient tool for investigating the mechanism of signal transmission by the Ig receptor.