bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of multi‐ionic block copolymers and blended membranes for chemical protective clothing applications
Authors: Tarazona Karen Barrios , Ramos‐Rivera Gilberto , Suleiman David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study discusses the synthesis of sulfonated amine block copolymers and the effect of multiple ionic domains and counter‐ion substitution on polymeric membranes' morphology and transport properties for chemical protective clothing (CPC) applications. The monomers 2‐(tert‐butylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2‐ethoxy ethyl methacrylate, and styrene were used to prepare the block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymers were then sulfonated by chemical grafting with pendants sulfobutyl groups onto the polymer structure. Properties of the resulting membranes were evaluated as a function of block composition, incorporation of sulfonic groups, and counter‐ion substitution. Blended membranes with sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) (SIBS) were also studied. A series of materials characterization techniques (e.g., Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy [FT‐IR], thermogravimetric analysis [TGA], atomic force microscopy [AFM], Small‐angle X‐ray scattering [SAXS]/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering [WAXS]) were performed to describe the changes to the membranes. The results indicate that synthesized copolymers lack phase segregation mainly because of a low sulfonation on the central amine block, leading the material to have a low Water/DMMP selectivity. As the sulfonated copolymers were blended with SIBS 75, the breathability of the membranes were enhanced 1.5 times, and almost all candidates achieved the water vapor transport rate limit of 1500 g m−2 day−1. Finally, the better‐found candidates for DMMP CPC were Mg2+ membranes, achieving selectivity between 20 and 90 range.
Lung abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius associated with SARS CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy: Unusual presentation and complication of a commensal bacteria during pregnancy
Authors: Bueno Cristian Orlando Porras , Trillos Sharon Julieth González , Rosales Diana Jimena Cano , García Edgar Augusto Bernal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStreptococcus intermedius is a commensal bacterium reported in a few cases as the causative agent of brain and lung abscesses, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Lung abscesses due to Streptococcus intermedius are rare, especially in pregnancy. We describe the first case of lung abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius in a pregnant woman.
High‐Titer Bio‐Styrene Production Afforded by Whole‐Cell Cascade Biotransformation
Authors: Messiha Hanan L. , Scrutton Nigel S. , Leys David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiosynthetic routes based on cost‐efficient, eco‐friendly, and sustainable platforms for compounds such as styrene are urgently needed. The biosynthesis of styrene from L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) via trans‐cinnamate has long been established, but styrene toxicity limits yields. This study demonstrates that whole‐cell cascade biotransformation employing an E. coli consortium expressing respectively phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and ferulic acid decarboxylase negates both the issue of styrene toxicity and the need for enzyme purification. Using resting or lyophilised cells, efficient conversion of L‐Phe to styrene (up to ∼24 g/L) is readily achieved and combined with robust extraction methods. The use of L‐Phe enriched biomass with the E. coli consortium yields an equally robust and rapid production and isolation of renewable styrene. This study establishes an improved strategy for industrial bio‐production of styrene, and by extension other toxic or reactive chemicals from corresponding bio‐compatible precursors.
Influence of Support Material on the Structural Evolution of Copper during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Koh Ezra S. , Geiger Simon , Gunnarson Alexander , Imhof Timo , Meyer Gregor M. , Paciok Paul , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Rose Marcus , Schüth Ferdi , Ledendecker Marc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction represents an elegant pathway to reduce CO2 emissions while producing a wide range of valuable hydrocarbons. The selectivity for these products depends strongly on the structure and morphology of the copper catalyst. However, continued deactivation during catalysis alters the obtained product spectrum. In this work, we report on the stabilizing effect of three different carbon supports with unique pore structures. The influence of pore structure on stability and selectivity was examined by high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography measurements in a micro‐flow cell. Supporting particles into confined space was found to increase the barrier for particle agglomeration during 20 h of chronopotentiometry measurements at 100 mA cm−2 resembling long‐term CO2 reduction conditions. We propose a catalyst design preventing coalescence and agglomeration in harsh electrochemical reaction conditions, exemplarily demonstrated for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. With this work, we provide important insights into the design of stable CO2 electrocatalysts that can potentially be applied to a wide range of applications.
Metal organic polymers with dual catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Liu Sijia , Liu Minghao , Li Xuewen , Yang Shuai , Miao Qiyang , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have been widely employed in electrochemical catalysis owing to their designable skeletons, controllable porosities, and well‐defined catalytic centers. However, the poor chemical stability and low electron conductivity limited their activity, and single‐functional sites in these frameworks hindered them to show multifunctional roles in catalytic systems. Herein, we have constructed novel metal organic polymers (Co‐HAT‐CN and Ni‐HAT‐CN) with dual catalytic centers (metal–N4 and metal–N2) to catalyze oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By using different metal centers, the catalytic activity and selectivity were well‐tuned. Among them, Co‐HAT‐CN catalyzed the ORR in a 4e− pathway, with a half‐wave potential of 0.8 V versus RHE, while the Ni‐HAT‐CN catalyze ORR in a 2e− pathway with H2O2 selectivity over 90%. Moreover, the Co‐HAT‐CN delivered an overpotential of 350 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a corresponding Tafel slope of 24 mV dec−1 for OER in a 1.0 M KOH aqueous solution. The experimental results revealed that the activities toward ORR were due to the M–N4 sites in the frameworks, and both M–N4 and M–N2 sites contributed to the OER. This work gives us a new platform to construct bifunctional catalysts.
Long‐lasting, reinforced electrical networking in a high‐loading Li2S cathode for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Kim Hun , Min Kyeong‐Jun , Bang Sangin , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Jung Ho , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRealizing a lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration. Herein, a high‐loading Li2S‐based cathode with micrometric Li2S particles composed of two‐dimensional graphene (Gr) and one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a compact geometry is developed, and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high‐capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized. In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix, CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface. As a unique point, during the first charging process, the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li2S into S8 without inducing lithium polysulfide formation. The direct conversion of Li2S into S8 in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ optical microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li2S loading of 10 mg cm–2; in particular, the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra‐long‐term cycling stability over 800 cycles.
Polymer dispersed ionic liquid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity for ultrastable solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Qin Shengyu , Cao Yaping , Zhang Jianying , Ren Yunxiao , Sun Chang , Zhang Shuoning , Zhang Lanying , Hu Wei , Yu Meina , Yang Huai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for building solid‐state lithium batteries due to their excellent flexibility, scalability, and interfacial compatibility with electrodes. However, the low ionic conductivity and poor cyclic stability of SPEs do not meet the requirements for practical applications of lithium batteries. Here, a novel polymer dispersed ionic liquid‐based solid polymer electrolyte (PDIL‐SPE) is fabricated using the in situ polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) method. The as‐prepared PDIL‐SPE possesses both outstanding ionic conductivity (0.74 mS cm−1 at 25°C) and a wide electrochemical window (up to 4.86 V), and the formed unique three‐dimensional (3D) co‐continuous structure of polymer matrix and ionic liquid in PDIL‐SPE can promote the transport of lithium ions. Also, the 3D co‐continuous structure of PDIL‐SPE effectively accommodates the severe volume expansion for prolonged lithium plating and stripping processes over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 under 25°C. Moreover, the LiFePO4//Li coin cell can work stably over 150 cycles at a 1 C rate under room temperature with a capacity retention of 90.6% from 111.1 to 100.7 mAh g−1. The PDIL‐SPE composite is a promising material system for enabling the ultrastable operation of solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries.
Light‐Triggered Control of Glucocerebrosidase Inhibitors: Towards Photoswitchable Pharmacological Chaperones
Authors: Clemente Francesca , Davighi Maria Giulia , Matassini Camilla , Cardona Francesca , Goti Andrea , Morrone Amelia , Paoli Paolo , Tejero Tomás , Merino Pedro , Cacciarini Martina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPiperidine‐based photoswitchable derivatives have been developed as putative pharmacological chaperones for glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the defective enzyme in Gaucher disease (GD). The structure‐activity study revealed that both the iminosugar and the light‐sensitive azobenzene are essential features to exert inhibitory activity towards human GCase and a system with the correct inhibition trend (IC50 of the light‐activated form lower than IC50 of the dark form) was identified. Kinetic analyses showed that all compounds are non‐competitive inhibitors (mixed or pure) of GCase and the enzyme allosteric site involved in the interaction was identified by means of MD simulations. A moderate activity enhancement of mutant GCase assessed in GD patients' fibroblasts (ex vivo experiments) carrying the most common mutation was recorded. This promising observation paves the way for further studies to improve the benefit of the light‐to‐dark thermal conversion for chaperoning activity.
Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors Based on Hybridisation of Corannulene and Thiophene‐S,S‐Dioxide Motifs
Authors: Báti Gábor , Csókás Dániel , Giurgi Gavril‐Ionel , Zhou Jingsong , Szolga Lorant A. , Webster Richard D. , Stuparu Mihaiela C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein we show that hybridisation of buckybowl corannulene and thiophene‐S,S‐dioxide motifs is a general approach for the preparation of high electron affinity molecular materials. The devised synthesis is modular and relies on thienannulation of corannnulene‐based phenylacetylene scaffolds. The final compounds are highly soluble in common organic solvents. These compounds also exhibit interesting optical properties such as absorption and emission in the blue/green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Importantly, a bis‐S,S‐dioxide derivative exhibits three reversible reductions similar in their strength to the prevalent fullerene‐based electron acceptor phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM).
Labor oder Atelier
Authors: Gerhartz Wolfgang , Heribert Offermanns 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungChemiker haben ein ganz spezielles Verhältnis zu Farben. Sie ermittelten die Struktur von natürlichen Farbstoffen, entwickelten Totalsynthesen, zum Beispiel Indigo, erfanden neue Farbstoffe wie Berliner Blau oder Phthalocyanine ohne Vorbild in der Natur und erarbeiteten Färbeverfahren. In der Analytik schufen sie Farbreaktionen. Den theoretischen Unterbau zur Erfassung, Verarbeitung, Ein‐ und Zuordnung von Farbphänomenen und Farbprinzipien sowie deren Anwendung auf unterschiedlichen Tätigkeitsfeldern erforschten viele bedeutende Naturwissenschaftler und schufen Farbenlehren, so Demokrit und Leonardo da Vinci. Besondere Bedeutung fanden die Farbenlehren von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe und Wilhelm Ostwald.Die Krönung der Liebe zu den Farben ist wohl, wenn der Chemiker sein Labor auf Zeit oder auf Dauer verlässt, um in einem Atelier oder auch der freien Natur zu malen, sei es als freischaffender Künstler oder als Hobbymaler: Teil 1 „Chemiker und Maler“. Viele Chemiker haben sich auch als Kunstsammler profiliert und bedeutende Sammlungen zusammengetragen: Teil 2: Chemiker und Kunstsammler (in Vorbereitung).
Synthesis and characterization of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers: A review
Authors: Sun Minghao , Xiao Yangke , Liu Kan , Yang Xuan , Liu Pingwei , Jie Suyun , Hu Jijiang , Shi Shengbin , Wang Qingyue , Lim Khak Ho , Liu Zhenxue , Li Bo‐Geng , Wang Wen‐Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyolefin thermoplastic elastomers (TPE‐Os) are high‐performance polyolefins consisting of both plastic and rubber phases. Compared with other thermoplastic elastomers, the TPE‐Os possess better chemical stability, transparency, re‐processability, and electrical insulation, which renders their broad applications possible. By manipulating chain structures and topologies of the TPE‐Os, differently structured polyolefins with improved thermal and mechanical properties have been developed, including ethylene and α‐olefin random copolymers (POEs), olefin block copolymers (OBCs), comb‐shaped polyolefin elastomers (CPOEs), and dynamically cross‐linked polyolefin elastomers. Herein, we review the synthesis of the POE, OBC, CPOE, and dynamical cross‐linked polyolefin elastomer, including the catalyst systems, polymerization techniques, processes, and kinetic modelling. The characterization of the TPE‐Os and the relationships between the TPE‐O chain structure, aggregated state, and product performance are discussed. The future development of higher‐performance TPE‐Os is envisaged.
The association of race/ethnicity in male breast cancer survival within similar comorbidity cohorts
Authors: Parise Carol A. , Caggiano Vincent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant disease is associated with poor breast cancer survival in women and is more prevalent in racial/ethnic minority groups than individuals who are non‐Hispanic White. The purpose of this study was to determine if race/ethnicity is associated with survival among men with breast cancer when stratifying analyses by level of comorbidity.MethodsWe used the California Cancer Registry to identify 1730 cases of men and 259,828 cases of women with breast cancer and documented Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to compare breast cancer–specific survival and risk of mortality for African American/Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander men with White women and White men.ResultsWhen compared with White women, Black men with a CCI of 0 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.09; 95% CI, 1.10–1.16) and a CCI of 2+, (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.42–4.42) had an increased risk of mortality when compared with White women. When compared with White men, African American men with a CCI of 0 (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.45–3.85) and 2+ (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.26–4.74) had an increased unadjusted risk of mortality, but these disparities were neutralized when controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ConclusionsBlack men with both low and high levels of concomitant disease have an increased risk of mortality when compared with both White men and women, but demographic and clinical factors are contributors to this disparity.
Blood vessel detection using enhanced DeepJoint fuzzy clustering algorithm with deep Maxout network for glaucoma detection
Authors: Rajeswari Ramasamy , Prabhakar Manickam , Padmapriya Govindhan , Santhosh Kumar Balan 
Published: January 2023

SummaryGlaucoma became a leading reason for losing vision as it progresses in a gradual manner without any symptoms. The discovery of glaucoma at an earlier phase is imperative as it can help to accelerate the progress. The fundus images are an option for screening glaucoma and help to enable the observation of optic disc. The classical techniques are less accurate and time‐consuming. In this way, a highly accurate automatic glaucoma diagnosis is developed in this research. The noise in the images is eliminated during pre‐processing. Additionally, the DeepJoint model and improved fuzzy clustering technique are combined to develop the proposed Enhanced DeepJoint fuzzy clustering algorithm, which is used to segment blood vessels. The optic disc is additionally divided using black hole entropic fuzzy clustering (BHEFC). In order to identify glaucoma, the acquired segments are fed into a deep Maxout network that has been trained using the multi‐verse water rider optimization (MVRWO) algorithm. By combining the rider optimization algorithm, multi‐verse optimizer, and water wave optimization (WWO), the MVRWO is produced (ROA). The developed model has the greatest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity scores, coming in at 93.91%, 95.61%, and 92.57% respectively.
Taylor ant lion optimization‐based generative adversarial networks for forecasting electricity consumption
Authors: Poongavanam Elumalaivasan , Kasinathan Padmanathan , Kanagasabai Kulothungan 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis article proposes a Taylor ant lion optimization‐based generative adversarial method (TaylorALO‐based GAN) for predicting renewable energy. The proposed renewable energy prediction mechanism involves four different modules, namely, data transformation, extraction of technical indicator, feature selection, and the prediction. At first, the time‐series data is presented to data transformation module where the process is performed using Yeo–Johnson transformation. The transformed data is subjected to the technical indicator extraction module, where the technical indicators are efficiently extracted for further processing. After that, features are extracted based on wrapper selection model. Finally, renewable energy prediction is completed using GAN, which is trained using developed TaylorALO, which is the amalgamation of Taylor series and ant lion optimization algorithm (ALOA). The proposed technique achieved the better performance with the minimal mean square error (MSE) of 8.536 and minimal root mean square error of 2.921 based on per capita consumption.
Determining On‐Target, Off‐Target, and Copy Number Status of Transgenic Events After CRISPR/Cas9 Targeted AAVS1 Safe‐Harbor Modification of iPSCs Using Double‐Control Quantitative Copy Number PCR
Authors: Schjeide Brit‐Maren Michaud , Püschel Gerhard Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDouble‐control quantitative copy number PCR (dc‐qcnPCR) is a recently described tool that can be used to quantify donor DNA insertions in genetically modified monoclonal cell lines. In conjunction with an insert‐confirmation PCR, the technique can quickly and easily identify clones containing on‐target heterozygous or homozygous donor DNA integrations and exclude off‐target insertions. The genetic manipulation of immortal cell lines is a versatile tool to elucidate cellular signaling pathways and protein functions. Despite recent advances in the precision of genetic engineering tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, transcription‐activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc‐finger nucleases (ZFNs), it is still essential to verify the accurate insertion of the sequence of interest (donor DNA) into the targeted genomic DNA (gDNA) locus. This precise integration into a genetic safe harbor, and exclusion of the donor DNA from functionally relevant genes, can ensure normal cellular functionality. Current methods to analyze the specificity of donor DNA insertions either are cost‐prohibitive or create dependency on manufacturers for assay design and production. The dc‐qcnPCR method is a simple, yet powerful, approach that can be prepared and carried out in any laboratory equipped with standard molecular biology supplies. Here we provide step‐by‐step instructions to prepare and perform the dc‐qcnPCR, and its companion insert‐confirmation PCR, to determine donor DNA insertion numbers in monoclonal cell lines genetically modified through CRISPR/Cas9. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Genetic modification at AAVS1 safe harbor in induced pluripotent stem cells (IMR90‐4) using CRISPR/Cas9: from plasmid design to monoclonal expansionSupport Protocol 1: Measurement of Gaussia luciferase activity to verify reporter protein functionalitySupport Protocol 2: Verification of monoclonal expansion using immunofluorescence.Basic Protocol 2: Insert‐confirmation PCRBasic Protocol 3: Design and preparation of double‐control quantitative copy number PCR reagents and quantification of donor DNA integrations in genetically modified monoclonal cells
Unsupervised Learning for the Segmentation of Small Crystalline Particles at the Atomic Level
Authors: Bárcena‐González Guillermo , Hernández‐Robles Andrei , Mayoral Álvaro , Martinez Lidia , Huttel Yves , Galindo Pedro L. , Ponce Arturo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectron backscattering diffraction provides the analysis of crystalline phases at large scales (microns) while precession electron diffraction may be used to get 4D‐STEM data to elucidate structure at nanometric resolution. Both are limited by the probe size and also exhibit some difficulties for the generation of large datasets, given the inherent complexity of image acquisition. The latter appoints the application of advanced machine learning techniques, such as deep learning adapted for several tasks, including pattern matching, image segmentation, etc. This research aims to show how Gabor filters provide an appropriate feature extraction technique for electron microscopy images that could prevent the need of large volumes of data to train deep learning models. The work presented herein combines an algorithm based on Gabor filters for feature extraction and an unsupervised learning method to perform particle segmentation of polyhedral metallic nanoparticles and crystal orientation mapping at atomic scale. Experimental results have shown that Gabor filters are convenient for electron microscopy images analysis, that even a nonsupervised learning algorithm can provide remarkable results in crystal segmentation of individual nanoparticles. This approach enables its application to dynamic analysis of particle transformation recorded with aberration‐corrected microscopy, offering new possibilities of analysis at nanometric scale.