bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Knowledge Regarding Arterial Curvature and its Relationship to Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zhang Lin-Han , Cao Fei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Curvature of large arteries in the cervical and intracranial regions represents a common morphological vascular alteration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its formation and progression remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests a potential correlation between arterial curvature and ischemic stroke. This manuscript involves a review of the relevant literature that delineates the measurement techniques for assessing arterial curvature, the mechanisms contributing to its formation, and recent evidence linking arterial curvature to stroke. Arterial curvature is primarily influenced by genetic factors, hypertension, sex, and age, and it may indicate weakened arterial walls. Furthermore, the haemodynamic changes associated with arterial curvature can result in reduced cerebral perfusion pressure, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. These factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and the formation of arterial dissections. The degree of arterial curvature may serve as a risk factor for cerebral ischemia, alongside traditional vascular risk factors. Further investigation into arterial curvature could yield valuable insights for clinicians managing patients with curved vessels.
Wisdom, Intellectual Virtue, and Epistemology
Authors: Ryan Shane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper argues that a wise person is an intellectually virtuous person. The intellectual virtue requirement is explained as a necessary condition for wisdom, intuitively the highest epistemic good. This provides an answer to Duncan Pritchard’s question as to the significance of the intellectual virtues for the epistemological project. In other words, the requirement explains why the intellectual virtues are central to the concerns of epistemology. The paper starts by providing an overview of intellectual virtue. An overview of recent analytic philosophical literature on wisdom is set out. This discussion leads to the claim that the wise person understands how to live well. The claim that intellectual virtues are required for understanding how to live well is then examined. The case is made that understanding how to live well in a modally robust way requires possession of the intellectual virtues.
Ethical Guidelines for the Application of Generative AI in German Journalism
Authors: Hofeditz Lennart , Jung Anna-Katharina , Mirbabaie Milad , Stieglitz Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) holds immense potential in revolutionizing journalism and media production processes. By harnessing genAI, journalists can streamline various tasks, including content creation, curation, and dissemination. Through genAI, journalists already automate the generation of diverse news articles, ranging from sports updates and financial reports to weather forecasts. However, this raises ethical questions of high relevance for media organizations and societies especially when genAI is used for more sensitive topics and at larger scale. To not jeopardize trustworthiness in journalistic organizations, it is important that the use of genAI in journalism is guided by moral principles. We therefore conducted 18 interviews with researchers and practitioners with expertise in AI-based technologies, journalism, and ethics from a German perspective in order to identify guidelines for the ethical use of genAI in media organizations. We derived requirements for the ethical introduction of genAI and actionable guidelines which explain how decision makers in media organizations should address ethical principles for the use of AI in the news production life cycle, in order to contribute to trustworthiness of journalistic organizations and products.
The impact of logistics and political decisions on greenhouse gas emissions in market transformation
Authors: Kulagin Viatcheslav , Kuklina Anna , Grushevenko Dmitriy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The transport sector is the second largest emitter of global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, the global community is currently making a lot of efforts to decarbonize transport: active electrification of transport is underway, various subsidies are introduced to stimulate demand for more environmentally friendly types of transport, requirements for the sulfur content in bunker fuel are tightened, etc. However, few people think about how futile all these actions can be without paying due attention to the optimality of logistics in world trade. In this article, calculations were made based on geopolitical restrictions introduced between Russia and Western countries since 2022, as well as a scenario of reduced trade through the Red Sea (observed in 2024). According to the calculation results, it was revealed that the annual increase in emissions due to suboptimal logistics only in the trade of Russian hydrocarbons and the redirection of goods through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait instead of the Red Sea will amount to 630–690 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq). This exceeds the total emissions from all economic sectors in countries such as Australia, Turkey, Spain and Argentina, or even the UK and the Netherlands. Therefore, international logistics is another key area that deserves close attention when formulating tasks in terms of decarbonization of the global transport sector, in particular, and global low-carbon development in general. That is, the sanctions policy and various geopolitical restrictions can negatively affect the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement, which is an integral part of the Sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Graphical Abstract
Scoping review of the societal impacts of compound climate events
Authors: Fehlman Caroline A. , Ryan Sophia C. , Lysne Kristen G. , Rundgren Quinn M. , Spurlock Taylin J. , Orbison Rustyn O. , Runkle Jennifer D. , Sugg Margaret M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climatic extremes have historically been seen as univariate; however, recent international reports have highlighted the potential for an increase in compound climate events (e.g., hot and dry events, recurrent flooding). Despite the projected increase in the frequency of compound climate events and the adoption of compound event terminology, few studies identify climate extremes as compound climate events and little evidence exists on the societal impacts of these compound climate events. This scoping review summarizes key findings and knowledge gaps in the current state of empirical studies that focus on the societal impacts of compound climate events. We identified 28 eligible studies published in four databases reporting on the societal impacts of compound climate events in four sectors: agriculture, public health, the built environment, and land use. Overall, we found the need for more research explicitly linking compound climate events to societal impacts, particularly across multiple compound climate events, rather than single case study events. We also noted several key findings, including changes in agricultural productivity, loss of habitat, increased fire risk, poor mental health outcomes, decreased health care access, and destruction of homes and infrastructure from these events. Additional research is needed both globally and locally to understand the implications of compound climate events across different geographic regions and populations to ensure responsive adaptation policies in a compound climate event framework.
Multiclass hate speech detection with an aggregated dataset
Authors: Walsh Sinéad , Greaney Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Detecting and removing hate speech content in a timely manner remains a challenge for social media platforms. Automated techniques such as deep learning models offer solutions which can keep up with the volume and velocity of user content production. Research in this area has mainly focused on either binary classification or on classifying tweets into generalised categories such as hateful, offensive, or neither. Less attention has been given to multiclass classification of online hate speech into the type of hate or group at which it is directed. By aggregating and re-annotating several relevant hate speech datasets, this study presents a dataset and evaluates several models for classifying tweets into the categories ethnicity, gender, religion, sexuality, and non-hate. We evaluate the dataset by training several models: logistic regression, LSTM, BERT, and GPT-2. For the LSTM model, we assess a range of NLP features using a multi-classification LSTM model, and conclude that the highest performing feature combination consists of word

$n$

-grams, character

$n$

-grams, and dependency tuples. We show that while more recent larger models can achieve a slightly higher performance, increased model complexity alone is not sufficient to achieve significantly improved models. We also compare this approach with a binary classification approach and evaluate the effect of dataset size on model performance.
Pioneering Turkish Muslim Actresses: Afife Jale and Bedia Muvahhit's Trajectories in the Turkish Stage
Authors: İyibozkurt Elif Baş 
Published: January 2025

Emanating beyond the confines of academia, the poignant narrative of the renowned Turkish thespian Afife Jale has garnered widespread recognition within Türkiye. Amid a pantheon of successors, her tale stands as the most profoundly heartrending. It has been immortalized through theatrical productions and cinematic adaptations. Despite the widespread familiarity with her story, the enigmatic underpinnings of her tragedy have perpetually shrouded it in mystery. In an effort to cast light upon the chronicle of her life, a convergence of political and societal truths has emerged. Afife Jale's story, in its very essence, embodies the ideals expounded by Joan W. Scott. The realm of feminist historiography endeavors to bring prominence to women's narratives, elucidating their endeavors to champion their entitlements and autonomy within historical contexts. It seeks to delve into the causalities behind the historical obscurity that has veiled women's contributions, while also revealing the obstructions that have curtailed their authority and efficacy. This article aspires to achieve this objective by scrutinizing the careers of the first Turkish Muslim actresses, Afife Jale (1902–41) and Bedia Muvahhit (1896–1994), who commenced their artistic journeys at the onset of the twentieth century. Whereas Afife Jale's stage debut in 1920 coincided with the twilight of Ottoman rule, Bedia Muvahhit made her inaugural appearance in 1923, the very year that saw the founding of the Turkish Republic. Despite this seemingly minor difference, the professional journeys of these two actresses were characterized by stark disparities. Afife Jale bore the weight of authoritarian oppression and persecution, and her legacy remained largely overlooked, even after the Turkish Republic was founded. In contrast, Bedia Muvahhit thrived under the patronage and backing of the political elite, leading to a lengthy and prosperous career.
An evaluation of Portuguese radiation oncologists knowledge and practice in relation to geriatric oncology
Authors: Rodrigues Pinto Edna Darlene , Almeida Paulo , López Escarlata , Teixeira Laetitia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Cancer is a major health concern in Portugal, especially among older adults, who represent nearly half of new cases. Radiation therapy (RT) is crucial in their treatment, emphasizing the need for improved education in geriatric oncology for radiation oncologists (RO).

Methods:
A pretested 22-item online survey on RO’s geriatric oncology knowledge was disseminated.

Results:
The analysis involved 52 respondents, including 13 residents (25%) and 39 consultants (75%); RO were asked to specify the age threshold they considered to define an older cancer patient. Their responses were as follows: 60 years (n = 2, 3·8%), 65 years (n = 7, 13·5%), 68 years (n = 1, 1·9%), 70 years (n = 29, 55·8%), 75 years (n = 10, 19·2%) and 80 years (n = 2, 3·8%). Forty-six respondents (88·5%) acknowledged an observed increase in the number of older cancer patients in RT departments. Twenty-nine participants (55·8%) reported that age was considered either most of the time or always in clinical decisions. Regarding frailty screening, it was performed by 15 participants (28·8%), while four participants (7·7%) stated that frailty was assessed during comprehensive geriatric assessment in another department. Of those implementing screening tools, nine (17·3%) utilized the G8 tool, and two respondents (3·8%) employed the Triage Risk Screening Tool. Most respondents reported a lack of awareness regarding specific guidelines for older cancer patients, and 98·1% expressed the need for enhanced training in geriatric oncology.

Conclusion:
The study highlights a critical need for improved training in geriatric oncology among RO professionals. Furthermore, the findings underscore the imperative for treatment decisions to reflect an understanding beyond chronological age, emphasizing the necessity of addressing this knowledge gap in clinical practice.
Evaluating the Ethical Responsibility of Environmental Planning Law in Perpetuating Settler Colonialism Using a Transnational Legal Lens
Authors: Govind Paul J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article investigates whether environmental planning law can demonstrate ethical responsibility for its role in settler colonialism. Planning law contributes to settler colonialism by diminishing, excluding, and eliminating alternative views of land that are fundamental to First Nations culture, philosophy, and law/lore. The article adopts a transnational legal frame that recognizes and promotes First Nations as sovereign. The investigation is focused primarily on the planning law system in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, while being guided by interpretations and applications of the rights of First Nations peoples by courts in Canada. It is argued that state planning law in NSW fails to give effect to ethical responsibility because its operation continues to dominate and marginalize Aboriginal legal culture by eroding the necessary ontological and epistemic relationships with land. However, there is potential for change. Opportunities to disrupt settler colonialism have emerged through bottom-up litigation, which has promoted interpretations, applications, and implementation of law that can be performed in ways that resonate with Canadian case law. While the absence of treaty or constitution-based rights protection in NSW and Australia means that the transplant is not seamless, the article argues that laws should not be interpreted and applied in ways that perpetuate settler colonialism where alternative interpretations can lead to a different outcome.
Optofluidic paper-based analytical device for discriminative detection of organic substances via digital color coding
Authors: Choi Jinsol , Oh Chi Yeung , Qian Gong , Shim Tae Soup , Jeong Heon-Ho 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances. Herein, we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device (PAD) that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow (MDF) gate and photonic crystal (PhC) coding units, enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical, mimicking the olfactory system. The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes, which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes. Subsequently, the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns. We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge. The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals. We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.
Pediatric erythromelalgia from multidisciplinary perspectives: a scoping review
Authors: Ocay Don Daniel , Graziano Maloney Maria , D’Souza Genevieve , Brownstein Catherine A. , Clinch Jacqui , Davis Dawn Marie , De Ranieri Deirdre , Donado Carolina , Halpin Meghan , Kattail Deepa , Lee Benjamin Howard , Lobo Kimberly , Ravetti Danielle , Sandroni Paola , Stinson Jennifer N. , Tham See Wan , Walco Gary A. , Walker Suellen M. , Yu Timothy W. , Berde Charles B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic pain disorder characterized by the triad of intense burning sensation, warmth, and redness, primarily involving the hands and feet, and usually alleviated by cold and worsened by heat. The objective of this scoping review was to: 1) map the existing literature on erythromelalgia in youth, 2) identify knowledge gaps, and 3) inform directions for future research in pediatric erythromelalgia. One hundred and sixty-seven studies reporting 411 cases of childhood-onset erythromelalgia were identified. Variability was found in reporting of clinical symptoms, the clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria used for classification of erythromelagia, the clinical assessments and investigations performed, and the types of interventions and management plans utilised. While factors to aid early recognition and optimize management have been identified, there are also significant gaps for future research to address. Ongoing efforts to develop a multicenter registry of pediatric erythromelalgia cases, with standardized data collection and reporting, will be beneficial to establish consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of pediatric erythromelalgia.

Impact

This scoping review maps the existing literature on pediatric erythromelalgia.

Variability was found in reporting of clinical symptoms, the clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria used for classification of erythromelagia, the clinical assessments and investigations performed, and the types of interventions and management plans utilised.

The development of an international registry would immensely benefit multidisciplinary experts involved in the care of pediatric erythromelalgia and those with lived experience.
Hydroclimatic extremes threaten groundwater quality and stability
Authors: Schroeter Simon A. , Orme Alice May , Lehmann Katharina , Lehmann Robert , Chaudhari Narendrakumar M. , Küsel Kirsten , Wang He , Hildebrandt Anke , Totsche Kai Uwe , Trumbore Susan , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heavy precipitation, drought, and other hydroclimatic extremes occur more frequently than in the past climate reference period (1961–1990). Given their strong effect on groundwater recharge dynamics, these phenomena increase the vulnerability of groundwater quantity and quality. Over the course of the past decade, we have documented changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter in groundwater. We show that fractions of ingressing surface-derived organic molecules increased significantly as groundwater levels declined, whereas concentrations of dissolved organic carbon remained constant. Molecular composition changeover was accelerated following 2018’s extreme summer drought. These findings demonstrate that hydroclimatic extremes promote rapid transport between surface ecosystems and groundwaters, thereby enabling xenobiotic substances to evade microbial processing, accrue in greater abundance in groundwater, and potentially compromise the safe nature of these potable water sources. Groundwater quality is far more vulnerable to the impact of recent climate anomalies than is currently recognized, and the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter can be used as a comprehensive indicator for groundwater quality deterioration.
A dataset for evaluating clinical research claims in large language models
Authors: Zhang Boya , Bornet Alban , Yazdani Anthony , Khlebnikov Philipp , Milutinovic Marija , Rouhizadeh Hossein , Amini Poorya , Teodoro Douglas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance the verification of health claims. However, issues with hallucination and comprehension of logical statements require these models to be closely scrutinized in healthcare applications. We introduce CliniFact, a scientific claim dataset created from hypothesis testing results in clinical research, covering 992 unique interventions for 22 disease categories. The dataset used study arms and interventions, primary outcome measures, and results from clinical trials to derive and label clinical research claims. These claims were then linked to supporting information describing clinical trial results in scientific publications. CliniFact contains 1,970 instances from 992 unique clinical trials related to 1,540 unique publications. When evaluating LLMs against CliniFact, discriminative models, such as BioBERT with an accuracy of 80.2%, outperformed generative counterparts, such as Llama3-70B, which reached 53.6% accuracy (p-value < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the potential of CliniFact as a benchmark for evaluating LLM performance in clinical research claim verification.
Sex disparities in the association between rare earth elements exposure and genetic mutation frequencies in lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Zhang Jiali , Duan Xiaohong , Zhou Qiming , Chen Jing , Liu Siyao , Su Junyan , Han Li , Yang Fan , Qian Niansong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ubiquitous use of rare earth elements (REEs) in modern living environments raised concern about their impact on human health. With the detrimental and beneficial effects of REEs reported by different studies, the genuine role of REEs in the human body remains a mystery. This study explored the association between REEs and genetic mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A cohort of 53 LUAD patients underwent tumor DNA sequencing (1123 cancer-related genes) and plasma REE (lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and yttrium (Y)) quantification. We found divergent relationships between plasma REE levels and mutation load between sexes. Specifically, Ce levels and mutation load were positively correlated in males but negatively correlated in females, while La exposure exhibited opposite associations in the two sexes. This observation was validated using the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) model. Additionally, plasma REE levels was associated with specific mutation types and variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of particular genes in a sex-dependent manner. Mutational signature analysis revealed sex-specific associations of La with indel signatures. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between plasma REE levels and genetic mutations in LUAD, emphasizing the need for a personalized, sex-oriented approach to understand and treat this disease.