bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERIPARATIDE (rhPTH 1–34) FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Ebeling PR , Russell RGG 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYOsteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterised by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis develops through an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts resulting in increased bone loss. Numerous agents used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis slow bone loss by decreasing both bone resorption and formation. These include bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modulators and calcitonins. All reduce vertebral fracture risk and some reduce non‐vertebral fracture risk, but none routinely increases bone mass and strength or restores lost bone architecture. In many respects, antiresorptive therapies halt the progression of osteoporosis. However, for patients who have osteoporosis, particularly those who have sustained their first fracture and are at high risk for subsequent fractures, there is a need to develop agents that stimulate bone formation and, thus, reverse osteoporosis. Teriparatide is the recombinant human 1–34 amino acid sequence of parathyroid hormone recently approved in the US for the treatment of men and postmenopausal women at high risk for osteoporotic fracture and in Europe for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. When given by once‐daily injection, teriparatide increases bone mass by stimulating formation of new bone, resulting in the restoration of bone architecture.
Energetics and structure of SiC(N)(O) polymer‐derived ceramics
Authors: Leonel Gerson J. , Guo Xin , Singh Gurpreet , Gervais Christel , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study presents new experimental data on the thermodynamic stability of SiC(O) and SCN(O) ceramics derived from the pyrolysis of polymeric precursors: SMP‐10 (polycarbosilane), PSZ‐20 (polysilazane), and Durazane‐1800 (polysilazane) at 1200°C. There are close similarities in the structure of the polysilazanes, but they differ in crosslinking temperature. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows notable differences in the microstructure of all polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs). The enthalpies of formation (∆H°f, elem) of SiC(O) (from SMP‐10), SCN(O) (from PSZ‐20), and SCN(O) (from Durazane‐1800) are −20 ± 4.63, −78.55 ± 2.32, and −85.09 ± 2.18 kJ/mol, respectively. The PDC derived from Durazane‐1800 displays greatest thermodynamic stability. The results point to increased thermodynamic stabilization with addition of nitrogen to the microstructure of PDCs. Thermodynamic analysis suggests increased thermodynamic drive for forming SiCN(O) microstructures with an increase in the relative amount of SiNxC4−x mixed bonds and a decrease in silica. Overall, enthalpies of formation suggest superior stabilizing effect of SiNxC4−x compared to SiOxC4−x mixed bonds. The results indicate systematic stabilization of SiCN(O) structures with decrease in silicon and oxygen content. The destabilization of PDCs resulting from higher silicon content may reach a plateau at higher concentrations.
‘It's all about ticks’: A secondary qualitative analysis of nurse perspectives about documentation audit
Authors: Michl Gabriella , Paterson Catherine , Bail Kasia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo understand how nurses talk about documentation audit in relation to their professional role.BackgroundNursing documentation in health services is often audited as an indicator of nursing care and patient outcomes. There are few studies exploring the nurses' perspectives on this common process.DesignSecondary qualitative thematic analysis.MethodsQualitative focus groups (n = 94 nurses) were conducted in nine diverse clinical areas of an Australian metropolitan health service for a service evaluation focussed on comprehensive care planning in 2020. Secondary qualitative analysis of the large data set using reflexive thematic analysis focussed specifically on the nurse experience of audit, as there was the significant emphasis by participants and was outside the scope of the primary study.ResultsNurses': (1) value quality improvement but need to feel involved in the cycle of change, (2) highlight that ‘failed audit’ does not equal failed care, (3) describe the tension between audited documentation being just bureaucratic and building constructive nursing workflows, (4) value building rapport (with nurses, patients) but this often contrasted with requirements (organizational, legal and audit) and additionally, (5) describe that the focus on completion of documentation for audit creates unintended and undesirable consequences.ConclusionDocumentation audit, while well‐intended and historically useful, has unintended negative consequences on patients, nurses and workflows.ImpactAccreditation systems rely on care being auditable, but when individual legal, organizational and professional standards are implemented via documentation forms and systems, the nursing burden is impacted at the point of care for patients, and risks both incomplete cares for patients and incomplete documentation.No Patient or Public ContributionPatients participated in the primary study on comprehensive care assessment by nurses but did not make any comments about documentation audit.
From mainstream employment to mainstream retirement: A randomised controlled trial of a transition to retirement intervention for adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Brotherton Michelle , Stancliffe Roger J. , O'Loughlin Kate , Wilson Nathan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated a transition to retirement intervention that adapted strategies used to support employment of people with intellectual disability in mainstream workplaces. The intervention facilitated their independent participation in mainstream community groups and volunteering.MethodsWe randomised 29 older Australians who currently/previously worked in mainstream employment into an intervention group or wait‐list control group. Hours of independent participation in target activities were collected before and after the 13‐week initial intervention/waiting period, and at 52 weeks for intervention participants.ResultsSix of the 12 intervention participants selected an activity and increased hours of independent participation following 13 weeks in the Keeping Active (KA) program and eight were independently accessing their selected activity at 52‐week follow‐up. None of the 19 wait‐list participants increased their independent participation after 13 weeks.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective and highlighted the need to account for factors such as participant choice in evaluation of individualised programs.
Midwifery Workforce Density Moderates the Association Between Independent Practice and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Vanderlaan Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionStudies comparing pregnancy outcomes before and after state transition to independent midwifery practice have found little change in primary cesarean birth and preterm birth rates. One reason may be the failure to control for midwife density. The objective was to test if the local midwife density moderates the association between state independent midwifery practice and pregnancy outcomes.MethodsBirth records were abstracted from the State Inpatient Databases for 6 states. The Area Health Resource File provided county variables. Midwife density was operationalized as no midwives, low midwife density (<4.5 per 1000 births), and high midwife density (≥4.5 midwives per 1000 births). Multivariate logistic regression models compared primary cesarean birth and preterm birth, controlling for maternal and county characteristics. Moderation was tested by including an interaction term (independent practice × density) to the regression models. The magnitude of association for the interaction was measured by stratifying the models.ResultsThe study included 875,156 women; most (79.7%) resided in a county with low midwife density. Restricted midwifery practice was associated with increased odds of both primary cesarean birth and preterm birth. The interaction term was significant for both preterm birth and primary cesarean, indicating moderation. The largest magnitude of difference was the increased odds of preterm birth in counties with a high midwife density and restricted practice (odds ratio, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.43‐5.06) compared with those with high midwife density and independent practice.DiscussionMidwife density moderates the association between independent midwifery practice and primary cesarean birth and preterm birth. Moderation may explain why prior studies found small or no changes in outcomes when states adopted independent practice. Moderation models can improve testing for associations with independent practice. Both midwife independent practice and increasing midwifery workforce size can be strategies to improve state pregnancy outcomes.
Chronic pain relief after receiving affective touch: A single case report
Authors: Meijer Larissa L. , Ruis Carla , van der Smagt Maarten J. , Dijkerman H. Chris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAffective touch is gentle slow stroking of the skin, which can reduce experimentally induced pain. Our participant, suffering from Parkinson's Disease and chronic pain, received 1 week of non‐affective touch and 1 week of affective touch as part of a larger study. Interestingly, after 2 days of receiving affective touch, the participant started to feel less pain. After 7 days, the burning painful sensations fully disappeared. This suggest that affective touch may reduce chronic pain in clinical populations.
Harnessing the untapped potential of food education in schools: Nurturing the school subject Food and Health
Authors: Bjørkkjær Tormod , Palojoki Päivi , Beinert Cecilie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEssential life skills related to food and meals have a potential triple dividend for children and adolescents, that is, short‐term, medium‐term and possible generational effects with regard to public health, sustainability and well‐being of future citizens in local communities. While parents and childhood environments are a basis for learning about food and meals, systematic food education in the setting of primary and lower secondary schools may have a significant role that should be utilized more strongly, reaching and benefitting all pupils from a life course perspective. Through this article, we explore the current state of the art of the mandatory school subject Food and Health (FH) from the Nordic perspective. Our leading questions are: (1) What potential is currently utilized and which future potential does FH education have in primary and secondary schools in terms of food education for essential life skills and competencies, and (2) How can this untapped potential be better harnessed with a goal of facilitating better learning in FH? Drawing on data from Norway as a case study, supported by Swedish and Finnish data, we discuss the status, challenges and potential reformation of food education, focusing on FH. This includes perspectives on the prioritization of the FH subject and the organization of more systematic food education in schools, which might improve FH's status and significance. Combining theory–practice, creating room for discussion and focusing less on cooking‐related activities may better facilitate learning in FH. Without proper FH, food education might be nonsystematic, thereby generating unequal outcomes for children and adolescents.
Anchors: A way for FtsZ filaments to stay membrane bound
Authors: Naha Arindam , Haeusser Daniel P. , Margolin William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost bacteria use the tubulin homolog FtsZ to organize their cell division. FtsZ polymers initially assemble into mobile complexes that circle around a ring‐like structure at the cell midpoint, followed by the recruitment of other proteins that will constrict the cytoplasmic membrane and synthesize septal peptidoglycan to divide the cell. Despite the need for FtsZ polymers to associate with the membrane, FtsZ lacks intrinsic membrane binding ability. Consequently, FtsZ polymers have evolved to interact with the membrane through adaptor proteins that both bind FtsZ and the membrane. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the functions of these FtsZ membrane tethers. Some, such as FtsA and SepF, are widely conserved and assemble into varied oligomeric structures bound to the membrane through an amphipathic helix. Other less‐conserved proteins, such as EzrA and ZipA, have transmembrane domains, make extended structures, and seem to bind to FtsZ through two separate interactions. This review emphasizes that most FtsZs use multiple membrane tethers with overlapping functions, which not only attach FtsZ polymers to the membrane but also organize them in specific higher‐order structures that can optimize cell division activity. We discuss gaps in our knowledge of these concepts and how future studies can address them.
Prediction model on disease recurrence for low risk resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Ma Ting Fung , Ho James Chung Man , Lam David Chi Leung , Sit Ko Yung , Ip Mary Sau Man , Au Timmy Wing Kuk , Tam Terence Chi Chun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAlthough stage I non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) typically carries a good prognosis following complete resection, early disease recurrence can occur. An accurate survival prediction model would help refine a follow‐up strategy and personalize future adjuvant therapy. We developed a post‐operative prediction model based on readily available clinical information for patients with stage I adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the disease‐free survival (DFS) of 408 patients with pathologically confirmed low‐risk stage I adenocarcinoma of lung who underwent curative resection from 2013 to 2017. A tree‐based method was employed to partition the cohort into subgroups with distinct DFS outcome and stepwise risk ratio. These covariates were included in multivariate analysis to build a scoring system to predict disease recurrence. The model was subsequently validated using a 2011–2012 cohort.ResultsNon‐smoker status, stage IA disease, epidermal‐growth factor receptor mutants and female gender were associated with better DFS. Multivariate analysis identified smoking status, disease stage and gender as factors necessary for the scoring system and yielded 3 distinct risk groups for DFS [99.4 (95% CI 78.3–125.3), 62.9 (95% CI 48.2–82.0), 33.7 (95% CI 24.6–46.1) months, p < 0.005]. External validation yielded an area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic analysis of 0.863 (95% CI 0.755–0.972).ConclusionThe model could categorize post‐operative patients using readily available clinical information, and may help personalize a follow‐up strategy and future adjuvant therapy.
The use of agitated saline as contrast agent in a contrast‐enhanced cystosonography for detection of urinary bladder rupture in animal cadavers
Authors: Muehlbauer Eloisa , Saldanha André , Gil Elaine M. , Alves Thais L. , Duque Juan C. M. , Froes Tilde R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the value of microbubble contrast cystosonography in the diagnosis of bladder rupture in animals.DesignProspective, method comparison study from November 2019 to October 2020.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐four ethically sourced cadavers of dogs, rats, and rabbits.InterventionsIn a prospective and blinded study, the cadavers were divided into 2 randomized groups: with bladder rupture (CR), and without bladder rupture (SR). Urinary catheterization was performed in all cadavers. Through the urethral catheter, bladders in CR group were ruptured using a rigid stainless steel guide wire. Microbubble contrast was infused into the bladder through the urethral catheter, while a single, blinded observer sonographically assessed the bladder. The time to diagnosis and the number of attempts needed for diagnosis were recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsThe study included cadavers of 16 female Wistar rats, 6 female dogs, 11 male dogs, and 1 male rabbit. Time to diagnosis in dogs (2.25 ± 0.91 min) was statistically higher when compared to rats (1.15 ± 0.75 min; P = 0.03). Of the 34 cases, incorrect diagnosis of bladder rupture was made in only 2 dogs (6%), indicating a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.88%, specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. The positive predictive value was 1 and the negative predictive value was 0.9.ConclusionsOur study showed that the described method is accurate, sensitive, and specific for the detection of bladder rupture in animal cadavers of different species, size, and sex.
3D‐printed, patient‐specific cutting guides improve femoral and tibial cut alignment in canine total knee replacement
Authors: Fracka Agnieszka B. , Oxley Bill , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine whether patient‐specific guides (PSGs) improve the accuracy of tibial and femoral cut alignment in canine total knee replacement (TKR), as compared with generic cutting guides.Study designOriginal research.AnimalsSixteen pelvic limbs from skeletally mature medium‐ to large‐breed canine cadavers.MethodsSpecimens were randomly allocated to one of two groups (PSG or Generic; N = 8/group). In the Generic group, femoral and tibial ostectomies were made using the standard canine TKR femoral cutting blocks and tibial alignment guide. In the PSG group, the cuts were made using a series of custom 3D‐printed cutting guides. “Planned” and “actual” tibial and femoral cut alignments were compared in the frontal and sagittal planes, and errors were calculated by subtracting actual from planned values.ResultsUse of 3D‐printed PSGs improved tibial cut alignment in the frontal plane but not the sagittal plane. PSGs also improved the alignment of the cranial and distal femoral ostectomies but did not impact varus‐valgus alignment.ConclusionsThese findings support the use of PSGs for TKR in dogs. Clinical trials are now needed to determine whether the benefits of PSGs translate into measurable improvements in joint function and implant longevity.Clinical significancePSGs have the potential to improve femoral and tibial component alignment in canine TKR.
‘Aquaporin‐omics’: mechanisms of aquaporin‐2 loss in polyuric disorders
Authors: Mak Angela , Sung Chih‐Chien , Pisitkun Trairak , Khositseth Sookkasem , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnimal models of a variety of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) disorders have identified a common feature: all such models are associated with the loss of aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) from collecting duct principal cells, explaining the associated polyuria. To discover mechanisms of AQP2 loss, previous investigators have carried out either transcriptomics (lithium‐induced NDI, unilateral ureteral obstruction, endotoxin‐induced NDI) or proteomics (hypokalaemia‐associated NDI, hypercalcaemia‐associated NDI, bilateral ureteral obstruction), yielding contrasting views. Here, to address whether there may be common mechanisms underlying loss of AQP2 in acquired NDI disorders, we have used bioinformatic data integration techniques to combine information from all transcriptomic and proteomic data sets. The analysis reveals roles for autophagy/apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling as key elements of the mechanism that results in loss of AQP2. These processes can cause AQP2 loss through the combined effects of repression of Aqp2 gene transcription, generalized translational repression, and increased autophagic degradation of proteins including AQP2. Two possible types of stress‐sensor proteins, namely death receptors and stress‐sensitive protein kinases of the EIF2AK family, are discussed as potential triggers for signalling processes that result in loss of AQP2.
imageKey points
Prior studies have shown in a variety of animal models of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) that loss of the aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) protein is a common feature.
Investigations of acquired NDI using transcriptomics (RNA‐seq) and proteomics (protein mass spectrometry) have led to differing conclusions regarding mechanisms of AQP2 loss.
Bioinformatic integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data from these prior studies now reveals that acquired NDI models map to three core processes: oxidative stress, apoptosis/autophagy and inflammatory signalling.
These processes cause loss of AQP2 through translational repression, accelerated degradation of proteins, and transcriptional repression.
Paleogeographic reconstruction of regional accretionary complex architecture, Franciscan Complex, northwestern San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA
Authors: Raymond Loren A. , Bero David A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Franciscan Complex of western California, USA, the archetypal subduction accretionary complex, cannot serve as a model subduction accretionary complex unless its local-to-regional architecture is clearly understood. Yet, architectural details are not clearly understood in many regions, including the northwestern San Francisco Bay Area. Here, Cenozoicage, dextral strike-slip faulting on faults of the San Andreas System fragmented the original architecture, forming crustal blocks and juxtaposing fragments of accretionary rock of different tectonostratigraphy. One little-known Cenozoicage fault and block boundary, the Tamarancho Shear Zone, separates northeastern crustal blocks that are dominated by Franciscan rocks from southwestern blocks with significantly different Franciscan accretionary tectonostratigraphy. The northeastern blocks have abbreviated accretionary stacks with at least one blueschist-facies accretionary unit, whereas the southwestern blocks lack blueschist-facies accretionary units and have either a westward-and-downward–younging Franciscan tectonostratigraphy or thrustsheet stacks composed of partial sequences of ocean-plate stratigraphy rocks. The northwestern San Francisco Bay Area Franciscan Complex is bounded on the southwest by the San Andreas fault (sensu stricto) and on the northeast by the Petaluma Valley–Point Richmond–Silver Creek fault. Using paleogeographic reconstruction, the original Franciscan Complex accretionary architecture of the northwestern San Francisco Bay Area can be partially reconstructed by removing block separations on San Andreas System faults and enhanced by unfolding Cenozoic folds. Accretionary units of the northwestern San Francisco Bay Area Franciscan Complex were originally assembled ~190 km southeast of their present locations, west of the southern Diablo Range. Reconstruction of the accretionary complex in that location and considerations of tectonostratigraphy require that the Novato Block, located northeast of the Tamarancho Shear Zone, and the Mt. Tamalpais Block, to its southwest, be separated along or across strike in the reconstructed accretionary complex. Either dual subduction zone or faulted plate geometries produced the northwestern San Francisco Bay Area segment of the accretionary complex, and each model highlights the possibilities of along- or across-strike variations in the structure and history of the accretionary complex.