bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of pH-responsive polyzwitterions for activated cellular uptake and tumor accumulation of gold nanoparticles at tumorous acidity
Authors: Hu Shumin , Cheng Qiuli , Shang Yulu , Wang Zhihao , Zhu Rui , Zhang Leitao , Wu Wenlan , Zhang Shouren , Li Junbo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The response sensitivity of surface material plays an important role in adjustable nano-bio interaction in vivo. In this present, a zwitterionic polymer (polyzwitterion) containing quaternary ammonium cation and sulfonamide anion poly(4-((4-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propoxy)phenyl) sulfonamido)-N, N, N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-1-aminium chloride) (PMPTSA) was synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization to explore the pH responsive behavior in tumors. The PMPTSA-coated gold nanoparticles (PMPTSA-@-Au NPs) showed zwitterionic nature such as antifouling ability, low cellular uptake and prolonged circulation time similar with common hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) functional gold nanoparticles in physiological environment (pH 7.4). A high sensitivity and reversible positive charge conversion of P(MPTSA)-@-Au NPs at tumor slight acidic microenvironment (∼pH 6.8) leaded to an enhanced cellular internalization than that at pH 7.4 and increased tumor accumulation compared with PEG, polycarboxybetaines and polymer sulphobetaine (PSB) functional gold nanoparticles. The highly pH responsive PMPTSA will provide the promising application in cancer nanomedicine.
Partial nonseparability of spin-orbit modes
Authors: Lamego V S , Braga D G , Oliveira L S , Balthazar W F , Huguenin J A O 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Structured light plays an essential role in several quantum information protocols by using the degrees of freedom of light to encode qubits. For exploring different correlations, especially in mixed states, such as discord, it is necessary to prepare partially entangled states. In this work, we present a theoretical and experimental study of a partial nonseparable spin-orbit modes. By exploring classical-quantum analogy, we perform the measurement of the concurrence of partially separable modes directly from projective measurement of polarization. The results show a clear agreement with predictions of quantum theory for partially entangled states. We also perform a study of Clauser, Horn, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) inequality and show that partial violation is observed in entire agreement with the expected by quantum theory. For the maximally nonseparable mode, we achieve a violation of

S
=
2.73
±
0.03

, one of the higher ones observed for spin-orbit modes based on our best knowledge.
Metal artefact reduction in digital tomosynthesis using component decomposition
Authors: Soloviev Vadim Y , Wells Stephen G , Renforth Kate L , Dirckx Conrad J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We propose a technique for metal artefact reduction in digital tomosynthesis reconstruction. Although the problem was addressed earlier in the literature, we suggest another approach, which is, in our opinion, simpler, and easier to implement. It is a two-stage algorithm. At the first stage, attenuation images are segmented by decomposing their intensity distributions into gaussian-like components. Statistical information contained in each component is used for pixel classification. Components corresponding to metallic objects are identified, and a pixel threshold value separating regions occupied by metal objects from the rest of the image is found. Based on this value, at the second stage, a smooth mapping of image intensity is applied. This makes dense regions transparent, resulting in the artefact reduction in reconstruction. The methodology is demonstrated by several examples.
Polarization-controlled volatile ferroelectric and capacitive switching in Sn2P2S6
Authors: Neumayer Sabine M , Ievlev Anton V , Tselev Alexander , Basun Sergey A , Conner Benjamin S , Susner Michael A , Maksymovych Petro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Smart electronic circuits that support neuromorphic computing on the hardware level necessitate materials with memristive, memcapacitive, and neuromorphic- like functional properties; in short, the electronic response must depend on the voltage history, thus enabling learning algorithms. Here we demonstrate volatile ferroelectric switching of Sn2P2S6 at room temperature and see that initial polarization orientation strongly determines the properties of polarization switching. In particular, polarization switching hysteresis is strongly imprinted by the original polarization state, shifting the regions of non-linearity toward zero-bias. As a corollary, polarization switching also enables effective capacitive switching, approaching the sought-after regime of memcapacitance. Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire simulations demonstrate that one mechanism by which polarization can control the shape of the hysteresis loop is the existence of charged domain walls (DWs) decorating the periphery of the repolarization nucleus. These walls oppose the growth of the switched domain and favor back-switching, thus creating a scenario of controlled volatile ferroelectric switching. Although the measurements were carried out with single crystals, prospectively volatile polarization switching can be tuned by tailoring sample thickness, DW mobility and electric fields, paving way to non-linear dielectric properties for smart electronic circuits.
1146 SLEEP DEPRIVATION INDUCES AGEING-LIKE CHANGES IN ANTIGRAVITY MUSCLES OF YOUNG ADULT MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: Sharma B , Roy A , Sharma M C , Banerjee J , Netam R K , Nag T C , Akhtar N , Mallick H N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Poor muscle health is associated with a series of chronic and metabolic conditions that are prevalent in individuals who chronically experience poor-quality sleep. But there is no study deciphering the role of sleep deprivation on muscle ageing. Therefore, in the present study we have measured the ultrastructure, histopathology, and oxidative stressors in soleus muscle of wistar rat after sleep deprivation and recovery sleep.

Material and Methods
The experiments were conducted in 18 rats of three groups. Group I rats had normal sleep wake cycle, Group II rats were subjected to 24 h sleep deprivation (SD) by gentle handling method1 and Group III rats had recovery sleep after 24 h SD. At the end of the sleep, sleep deprivation and recovery period, soleus muscle tissue was collected for ultrastructural, histological and oxidative stress markers. Oxidative damage was assessed by lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, reduced glutathione and nuclear labelling of 8-OHdG. The study was conducted as per the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (960/IAEC/16).

Results
The data demonstrated that SD leads to ultrastructural changes in soleus muscle which includes sarcolemmal and mitochondrial alterations. In case of histopathological and histomorphological changes there was signs of tissue degeneration, inflammatory infiltrate in type I fibres and muscle atrophy was observed in soleus muscles. There was significant increase in level of 8-OHdG (p=0.02) and malondialdehyde in 24h SD (p=0.02) than control and recovery sleep groups. Moreover, the catalase activity and reduced glutathione level was significantly decreased in 24h SD group (p≤0.02) than control and recovery sleep.

Conclusion
24hr sleep deprivation leads to an ageing like state in the skeletal muscle, which was recovered after sleep rebound.
1328 CGA AND RELATED INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES FOR OLDER PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Jones R , Lester E , Schiff R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVIs) performed in the UK is increasing exponentially, providing a new treatment avenue for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis previously deemed too frail for surgical intervention. Frailty is known to be associated with poor outcomes following TAVI, however little is known as to whether comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), the gold standard intervention for older adults in a range of clinical settings, can change outcomes for older adults undergoing this procedure.

Methods
Databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, along with the World Health Organisation clinical trials registry platform and Clinicaltrials.gov registry were searched for relevant reports between 01/01/1980 - 26/01/2022 using a pre-specified search strategy. Patients had to be 65 or over and studies had to evaluate single- or multi-domain interventions that may form part of a CGA. Studies were not limited to those only looking at patients living with or at risk of frailty.

Results
No studies of adequate quality evaluated the effect of CGA on outcomes for older adults undergoing TAVI. 18 studies evaluating CGA-related interventions were identified that met eligibility criteria, with the majority evaluating cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as a post-procedural intervention. Other interventions evaluated included cognitive behavioural therapy, alternative exercise-based interventions and post-procedural protocols that promoted early mobilisation and allied health professional involvement. A high risk of bias and significant methodological flaws were found in the included studies. There was little evidence that post-procedural CR reduces mortality and to support the role of occupational and physical therapy for improving in-hospital outcomes for these patients.

Conclusion(s)
There is no convincing evidence to support CGA or related single domain interventions to improve outcomes for older adults undergoing TAVI. Further robust research is required to establish whether CGA improves outcomes for this group.
1247 CONNECTING THROUGH CAREGIVING: PERSPECTIVE-TAKING INTERVENTIONS FOR ADULT CHILD CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Au A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
With the unprecedented population growth of older adults worldwide, higher life-expectancies are creating increasingly more multigenerational interaction. Funded by the General Research Fund of the Research Grant Council in Hong Kong, the study examined the effects of perspective-taking intervention in the context of intergenerational caregiving.

Method
One-hundred seventy-two adult child caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were randomised into two twelve-week interventions: 1) Connecting through Caregiving with intergenerational perspective-taking reappraisals (CTC: 91 participants) and 2) Basic Skill Building (BSB: 81participants). Both groups receive the basic skills training including 1) monitoring mood and scheduling pleasant events and 2) communication with the care recipient and 3) communication skills with other family member and helping professionals. The CTC group spends less time on basic skills and focused on perspective-taking reappraisals aiming to promote balance between self-care and caring of others. These reappraisals include: 1) connecting with self through enhancing self-awareness, 2) connecting with the care-recipient and 3) connecting with others who can help.

Results
In terms of primary outcomes, as compared to the BSB group, the CTC group reported significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and higher levels of psychological well-being. For the secondary outcomes, the CTC group scored higher in emotional and instrumental support and also lower levels of perceived presence and reaction to behavioural and memory problems of the care recipient. Perspective-taking was found to mediate between intervention effects and reduction of depressive symptoms of the caregiver.

Conclusion
The results provided evidence for the efficacy of the CTC program. With population aging, there is a rapid increase of people suffering from dementia and those who will provide caregiving. The study contributes towards enhancing sustainability of caregiving in dementia. The present findings can be relevant to countries where the demand for family caregiving is high due to collectivistic concerns.
1245 HEALTH CARE WORKERS’ EXPERIENCES ON WORKING AT RESIDENTIAL CARE HOME FOR THE ELDERLY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Yau S Y , Lee Y K , Li S Y , Lai S K , Huang S , Lee L C , Wong S L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The ageing population poses challenges to the health care industry worldwide. The huge demand for residential care home for the elderly (RCHE) services induces pressure on health care workers (HCWs) recruitment and retention. HCWs are personnel who have prominent roles in direct basic care to the older adults, and all kinds of hands-on care. Due to the “unpleasant” work nature, shift work, and physical demands for HCWs, it is essential to unfold how HCWs comprehend their working experiences.

Methods
An integrative review was conducted to synthesize various streams of literature in order to generate new knowledge. Multiple databases such as CINAHL, ERIC, LWW nursing were adopted to search for relevant literature published between 2012 and 2022.

Results
A total of 24 articles were retrieved at the initial stage, and 7 articles were sorted after in-depth review. In general, results supported that HCWs experienced positively on the works at RCHEs though there were job stresses. The HCWs perceived the roles at RCHEs as routinized and task-oriented by providing direct care to older adults. They perceived their roles at RCHEs as care providers who provided direct care to older adults. Also, their responsibilities to maintain the safety and dignity of older adults was expressed as utmost importance. The meaning of works lay on three levels: interpersonal (e.g. self-achievement), interpersonal (e.g. communication with team members), and job performance (e.g. task compliance).

Conclusions
This study reveals the experiences of working at RCHE from the HCWs’ perspective. The HCWs’ experiences reflected in this study as well as the meaning of works discovered can generate insights for policy-makers on HCWs recruitment and retention.

Acknowledgement
The work described in this abstract was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of HKSAR, China [RGC: UGC/FDS16/M12/20].
1415 NOVEL APPROACHES TO POST DISCHARGE CARE. REMOTE HEALTHCARE MONITORING SYSTEMS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Parkinson M , Doherty R , Curtis F , Dani M , Fertleman M , Kolanko M , Soreq E , Barnaghi P , Sharp D , Li L M ,   on behalf of the CR&T Research Group
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Major trauma including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an increasingly common cause of hospitalisation in older adults (OAs). We studied post-discharge recovery from TBI using a remote healthcare monitoring system that captures data on activity and sleep. We aim to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this technology to monitor recovery at home following a significant acute health event in OAs.

Methods
We installed Minder, a remote healthcare monitoring system, in recently discharged patients &gt;60 years with moderate-severe TBI. We present descriptive analyses of post-discharge recovery for two males, corroborating data from Minder against verified activities and events. We recorded semi-structured interviews assessing acceptability. Both participants have similar household set-up, multimorbidity profiles and clinical frailty scores; however, one participant has prior cognitive impairment (PAT1), and one does not (PAT2).

Results
We present 10 weeks of sleep and activity data from Minder and feedback from interviews. Data observed from PAT1 revealed habitual patterns of activity and sleep. These remained stable, despite discrete clinical events. Conversely, PAT2's data revealed irregular sleep patterns that became increasingly fragmented. Activity was detected in multiple rooms throughout the house at night, consistent with carer reports of night-time wandering. Increased overnight activity coincided with multiple falls, prompting increased care provision. Initial feedback from interviews was the technology helped participants and those involved in their care feel supported.

Conclusions
As pressure on services mounts, novel approaches to post-discharge care are of increasing importance. Remote healthcare monitoring can provide high temporal resolution data offering ‘real world’ insights into the effects of significant health events in OAs. Our provisional results support our hypothesis that use of this technology is feasible and acceptable for frail, multimorbid participants and highlights the substantial potential of this technology to help clinicians improve community-based care and more effectively monitor interventions and chronic conditions.
1176 DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF HOSPITALISED PATIENTS WITH SARS-COV-2 OMICRON VARIANT
Authors: Patel M , Aitken E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Objectives of this retrospective study were to describe clinical presentations and mortality outcome of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 omicron variant within two acute district general hospitals and to evaluate demographic factors associated with these presentations and mortality.

Methods
Data was obtained over a month in 2021-22 from a retrospective survey of all patients hospitalised and detected to have SARS-COV-2 omicron variant infection. The trust serves a diverse multi-ethnic inner-city population. Data included socio-demographic details, vaccination status, admitting specialty and mortality outcome. Patients were sub-divided into three groups; Group 1 were admitted with ‘true’ COVID pneumonitis; Group 2 were found to have ‘incidental’ COVID on admission screening; Group 3 were negative for COVID on admission but developed COVID &gt;7days after admission.

Results
Of 553 patients, only 24.1%[133/553] were in Group 1; 322[58.2%] in Group 2; 98[17.7%] in Group 3. Patients with Group 1 and Group 3 were significantly older than those in Group 2 (p&lt;0.001). 30% patients from BAME ethnicity had COVID pneumonitis compared to 19% from white ethnicity[p=0.002]. 20% patients were admitted within non-medical specialties i.e. surgical specialties, paediatrics and obstetrics. Of 36 requiring critical care, only 21 were in Group 1; 20/21[95%] of these were unvaccinated; 7/21 who died were all unvaccinated[100%]. This study showed that common COVID presentations included delirium, falls (and fractures), seizures, COPD, and antenatal problems. 13.7%[76/553] patients died; only 21 were in Group 1[27.6%]. Only 26 deaths were directly attributable to COVID; 4.7%[26/553] of all patients.

Discussion
This large multi-ethnic study has described clinical presentations and mortality of hospitalised patients with omicron. It has determined socio-demographic factors associated with these presentations including ethnicity and vaccination rates. The study useful information for future COVID studies examining outcomes and presentations of omicron and future COVID variants.
1182 THE PREVALENCE OF ORAL FRAILTY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DYSPHAGIA, FRAILTY AND FORMAL CARE NEEDS
Authors: Nkonde C , Bell B , Tait A , Tan G , El-Zebdeh H , Yoshimatsu Y , Smithard D G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Oral frailty (OF), gradual loss of oral function combined associated with presbyphagia often in conjunction with cognitive and physical decline, has been recommended to be considered as a geriatric giant. DENTAL has been suggested as a possible screening tool for OF. We have looked at the prevalence of OF and its association with dysphagia, frailty and formal care, amongst people admitted acutely to the acute medical/frailty wards in our hospital.

Methods
OF, dysphagia and frailty were screened for as part of the routine clinical assessment of patients during the usual clinical ward round. Screening tools used were DENTAL for OF, Rockwood Score for frailty and 4QT for dysphagia. Age, sex comorbidities and the need for formal care was documented.

Results
101 people were assessed over a 4-week period. Mean age was 84 years (65-99), 58 (57.4%) were female, 31(30.7%) were independent, 33 (32.6%) dementia, 57 (56.4%) frail, 54 (53.4%) had swallowing problems, and 34 (33.6%) OF. Of those with OF 97% had dysphagia, 88% were frail and 85% required formal care support (85%). OF was associated with dysphagia (p&lt;0.0001), frailty (p&lt; 0.0001), formal care support (p&lt;0.05) and dementia (p&lt;0.05). There was an association between needing care and frailty (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
OF is associated with dysphagia, frailty and the need for formal care. OF may result in poor oral health and contribute to dysphagia and frailty, conversely frailty and dysphagia may result in poor oral health due to dependency and poor nutrition and dehydration. The associations are most likely be bidirectional. Further work is required to elucidate this. Clinical staff need to be aware of OF and oral health and include oral screening in their clinical assessment of an older adult.
1251 FRAILTY PREVALENCE AND RISK OF SARCOPENIA IN OLDER HEART FAILURE (HF) INPATIENTS
Authors: Obiechina N , Michael A , Gill A , Carey P , Shah G , Nehikhare I , Khan R , Slavica M , Khan T , Rahman S , Mushtaq W , Brar H , Senthilselvan S , Mukherjee B , Nandi A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Both frailty and HF are common in the elderly population. Elderly HF patients have an increased risk of frailty and elderly frail patients are at a higher risk of developing HF. Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality in cardiovascular disease. Sarcopenia (defined as decreased muscle mass and muscle strength and/or performance) is also prevalent in HF patients and may progress to cardiac cachexia. HF may induce sarcopenia and sarcopenia may contribute to the poor prognosis of HF.

Aims

Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of consecutive patients, 60 years and over, admitted with HF to a UK hospital. Data was manually extracted from anonymized electronic records. The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used for assessment for frailty and the SARC-F tool was used for screening for sarcopenia. Patients with medical history of HF but did not present with decompensated HF were excluded. Also, patients with incomplete data were excluded. The IBM SPSS 28 statistical package was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and risk estimates were calculated.

Results
163 patients were analysed; 82 males and 81 females. The mean age was 81.4 years (SD 9.69). 71.5 % of patients were frail while 28.5 % were non-frail. The risk of sarcopenia was 10.9 times greater in the frail than in the non-frail patients (OR = 10.9; 95% C.I 4.85 – 24.67). There was a lower risk of sarcopenia in male patients than in the female patients (OR =0.45; 95% C.I 0.22 – 0.94).

Conclusions
Frailty is prevalent in older heart failure inpatients. It significantly increases the risk of sarcopenia in these patients. Women are at higher risk of sarcopenia than men. More research is needed into frailty and sarcopenia in.