bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal–interannual–decadal variations of sea level in the South China Sea and connections with the tropical–subtropical Pacific
Authors: Li Juan , Tan Wei , Sun Wenjin , Yang Lina , Lin Lei , Fu Qingjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferent timescale contributions to the sea‐level variation in the South China Sea (SCS) are evaluated in this paper. On seasonal timescale, the large variance of the sea‐level anomaly (SLA) could account for more than 70% of the monthly sea‐level variation in the western shallow continental shelf and the area of Luzon cold eddy. Besides, the seasonal explained variance percentage (skill) has 2 weak centres (50%–70%) off eastern Vietnam, which is related to the summertime eddy pair in the SCS. On interannual‐to‐decadal (low‐frequency) timescale, the skill has two large‐value regions (Zone A and Zone B). Zone A is characterized by double centres off eastern Vietnam, but the meridional position of the double centres is farther north than that of the eddy pair. The skill in Zone A is in the range of 35%–55%, and about 50%–70% of the low‐frequency variation comes from the steric effect. Zone B is off the west coast of the Philippines. The skill in Zone B increases southward, and it is dominated by the wind‐induced dynamic process which is attributed to the remote Rossby wave from the tropical Pacific. Based on the S‐EOF analysis, the SEOF‐1 mode mainly portrays the decadal variation of the SLA, while the SEOF‐2 mode reflects the interannual variation of the SLA. In Zone B, almost all of the low‐frequency variation could be attributed to ENSO and PDO, especially to PDO which has a larger contribution. However, the double centres in Zone A are governed by the SCS summer monsoon, instead of ENSO and PDO.
Re‐orientating systematic reviews to rigorously examine what works, for whom and how: Example of a realist systematic review of school‐based prevention of dating and gender violence
Authors: Bonell Chris , Taylor Bruce , Berry Vashti , Filho Sidnei R. Priolo , Rizzo Andrew , Farmer Caroline , Hagell Ann , Young Honor , Orr Noreen , Shaw Naomi , Chollet Annah , Kiff Fraizer , Rigby Emma , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConventional systematic reviews offer few insights into for whom and how interventions work. ‘Realist reviews’ examine such questions via examining ‘context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations’ (CMOCs) but are insufficiently rigorous in how evidence is identified, assessed and synthesised. We developed ‘realist systematic reviews’, addressing similar questions to realist reviews but using rigorous methods. We applied this to synthesising evidence on school‐based prevention of dating and relationship violence (DRV) and gender‐based violence (GBV). This paper reflects on overall methods and findings, drawing on papers reporting each analysis. Drawing on intervention descriptions, theories of change and process evaluations, we developed initial CMOC hypotheses: interventions triggering ‘school‐transformation’ mechanisms (preventing violence by changing school environments) will achieve larger effects than those triggering ‘basic‐safety’ (stopping violence by emphasising its unacceptability) or ‘positive‐development’ (developing students' broader skills and relationships) mechanisms; however, school transformation would only work in schools with high organisational capacity. We used various innovative analyses, some of which aimed to test these hypotheses and some of which were inductive, drawing on available findings to augment and refine the CMOCs. Overall, interventions were effective in reducing long‐term DRV but not GBV or short‐term DRV. DRV prevention occurred most effectively via the ‘basic‐safety’ mechanism. ‘School‐transformation’ mechanisms were more effective in preventing GBV but only in high‐income countries. Impacts on long‐term DRV victimisation were greater when working with a critical mass of participating girls. Impacts on long‐term DRV perpetration were greater for boys. Interventions were more effective when focusing on skills, attitudes and relationships, or lacking parental involvement or victim stories. Our method provided novel insights and should be useful to policy‐makers seeking the best interventions for their contexts and the most information to inform implementation.
Saturated brine dissolution and liquid–liquid extraction combined with UPLC–MS/MS for the detection of typical Alternaria toxins in pear paste
Authors: Lan Feng , Jiang Fudong , Zang Hongwei , Wang Zhixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlternaria can infest pears to produce metabolites, which can contaminate pears and their processed products. Pear paste, one of the most important pear‐based products, is popular among Chinese consumers especially for its cough relieving and phlegm removal properties. Although people are concerned about the risk of Alternaria toxins in many agro‐foods and their products, little is known about the toxins in pear paste.RESULTSA method was developed for the determination of tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol menomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin in pear paste by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with saturated sodium sulphate dissolution and acidified acetonitrile extraction. The mean recoveries of the five toxins were 75.3–113.8% with relative standard deviations of 2.8–12.2% at spiked levels of 1.0–100 μg kg−1. Alternaria toxins were detected in 53 out of 76 samples, with a detection rate of 71.4%. Tenuazonic acid (67.1%), alternariol (35.5%), tentoxin (23.7%) and alternariol monomethyl ether (7.9%) were detected in all samples at concentrations of < limit of quantification (LOQ)–105.0 μg kg−1, < LOQ–32.1 μg kg−1, < LOQ–74.2 μg kg−1 and < LOQ–15.1 μg kg−1, respectively. Altenuene was never found in pear paste samples. Tenuazonic acid, alternariol, tentoxin and alternariol menomethyl ether should be focused on due to their toxicity and detection rates.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection method and residue levels of Alternaria toxins in pear paste. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for the Chinese government to continuously monitor and control Alternaria toxins in pear paste, especially tenuazonic acid. It can also provide a useful reference for related researchers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enrichment and quantification of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from intermediates for plastics production by a generic liquid chromatography column switching
Authors: Kochale Kjell , Thissen Jana , Cunha Ricardo , Lamotte Stefan , Teutenberg Thorsten , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: June 2023

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in plastic products is regulated in (European Union) No. 1272/2013. However, this only covers the end products and not intermediate substances. Therefore, a generic method was developed to analyze the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons listed by the Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union. This method is based on direct large volume injection from solutions of plastic additives followed by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. The additives Irganox 1010, ureido methacrylate, and cetyl methacrylate 1618F were used as examples for method development. Two serially coupled columns allowed the matrix to be removed on the first column and the analytes to be separated on the second column. The columns were connected by an intermediate valve. The valve allowed the matrix to be diverted after the first column and water to be dosed upstream of the second column via an additional pump. This allowed samples in aqueous or organic media to be focused at the column head. An injection volume of 100 μl and online aqueous dilution of 1:3 led to a limit of detection below 1 ng/ml for 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, concentrations between 1.6 and 10.3 ng/ml were found in the three plastic additives.
Effects of translocation on American crocodile movements and habitat use in South Florida
Authors: Brunell Arnold M. , Deem Vincent , Bankovich Brittany , Bled Florent , Mazzotti Frank J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe range of the threatened American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in the United States is limited to the southernmost parts of Florida. As this species has recovered concurrently with an increasing human population, human–crocodile conflicts have also increased. Resolving conflicts can involve translocating crocodiles; however, they often return to the site from which they were removed. We examined the effects of translocation on crocodile movements, habitat use, body condition, and survival in Florida, USA, in 2018–2019 to refine recommendations for managers considering translocation to resolve human–crocodile conflict. We captured and attached global positioning system (GPS) units to 17 crocodiles, 10 of which served as a reference group (free‐ranging crocodiles released at their capture site) and 7 served as a treatment group (crocodiles that were translocated 14–158 km from their capture site). We collected location data from individual crocodiles for 34–661 days ( ~ 250 days for each group). Body condition was similar for both groups. Corticosterone levels measured periodically during handling indicated that crocodiles experienced increasing stress levels during handling. Three crocodiles translocated ≤45 km from their original capture site returned to that location within 13 days. Three crocodiles translocated ≥110 km did not return. One female translocated 152 km was recaptured 0.42 km from its original capture site 965 days after its release. We identified 2 states of characteristic movement patterns: state 1 indicated individuals moving slowly and somewhat randomly, and state 2 indicated individuals exhibiting fast, active directional movement. Translocated individuals were more likely than reference individuals to switch to, and stay in, state 2. Because of concerns regarding return rates and heightened stress as a result of capture and translocation, we suggest crocodile translocations have limited conservation value and may only be worth considering once all other reasonable options are exhausted.
Leaching of rare earth elements from coal ash using low molecular weight organocarboxylic acids: Complexation overview and kinetic evaluation
Authors: Banerjee Riya , Chakladar Saswati , Chattopadhyay Shyamal K. , Chakravarty Sanchita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study of thermodynamics and kinetics of leaching rare earth elements (REEs) is a fundamental aspect in understanding the mechanism behind the leaching process. Leaching of REEs from coal ash with aqueous solution of organocarboxylic acid is a heterogeneous fluid‐particle system. In the present study, the leaching mechanisms of these three potential organocarboxylic acids, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and citric acid were examined over a range of temperature (30–90°C) at various leaching durations. The kinetic data thus obtained were found to follow deviation from the conventional shrinking core model (SCM). A mixed mechanism model was deduced to be the optimum fit to the data with high precision (R2 > 0.95) and desired graphical linearity with closer interception to the origin. Aluminosilicate matrix remained unaltered after acid treatment which is the unchanged core concluded as from the kinetic mechanism. Morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and particle size determinations were suggestive of significant reduction in grain size post leaching with organocarboxylic acids, tartaric acid being the most effective of all.
Effects of conservation practices on global wind erosion control: Evidence from experimental data
Authors: Xiao Liangang , You Zengtao , Zhang Huifang , Xie Zhixiang , Zhao Rongqin , Greenwood Philip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWind erosion represents one of the major land degradation forms that significantly threatens sustainable development across the globe. A series of conservation practices have been widely developed and tested in order to effectively reduce wind erosion rates in non‐irrigated dry and semi‐dry lands. However, a comprehensive investigation regarding the efficacy of conservation practices and potential impacting factors on erosion control at the global scale has not been undertaken. In this study, a synthesis was conducted, based on data from global experimental plots, to comprehensively examine the efficacy of varying conservation practices, and their effectiveness at reducing erosion, in different geographical regions, under varying climatic conditions, and with different soil properties. The results showed that conservation practices were able to reduce wind erosion rates by over 52% globally. Straw use and soil stabilizer were the most effective measures in wind erosion control, which could reduce erosion rates by over 70%. Wind erosion control efficacy of conservation practices differed among climatic zones, continents, and countries. Notably, the lowest efficacy was observed in dry climatic zones. Erosion control efficacy highly depended on climatic conditions, such as mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT), wind speed, and soil properties, such as water content and clay content. We further observed a positive correlation between wind erosion reduction rates and straw mulching rates, suggesting a straw mulching rate of at least 40% was necessary in order to reach a potential erosion reduction rate of 70%. To sum up, this study illustrates that the overall efficacy of conservation practices in wind erosion control is highly effective at the global scale, but the specific effects vary among different regions, and depend on conservation practice type, climatic condition, and soil property. The lower erosion reduction rate of dry regions at high erosion risk suggests the high erosion control pressure, and more effective measures should be considered and developed. The results of this study are, importantly, complementary to existing wind erosion control guidelines.
Parallel mean curvature biconservative surfaces in complex space forms
Authors: Bibi Hiba , Chen Bang‐Yen , Fetcu Dorel , Oniciuc Cezar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider PMC surfaces in complex space forms, and study the interaction between the notions of PMC, totally real and biconservative. We first consider PMC surfaces in a non‐flat complex space form and prove that they are biconservative if and only if totally real. Then, we find a Simons‐type formula for a well‐chosen vector field constructed from the mean curvature vector field and use it to prove a rigidity result for CMC biconservative surfaces in two‐dimensional complex space forms. We prove then a reduction codimension result for PMC biconservative surfaces in non‐flat complex space forms. We conclude by constructing examples of CMC non‐PMC biconservative submanifolds from the Segre embedding and discuss when they are proper‐biharmonic.
Fourier bases of the planar self‐affine measures with three digits
Authors: Chen Ming‐Liang , Liu Jing‐Cheng , Yao Yong‐Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor an expansive real matrix and a noncollinear integer digit set with , let be the self‐affine measure defined by . In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions for contains an infinite orthogonal exponential set or to be a spectral measure are given.
Highly Stretchable Conjugated Polymer/Elastomer Blend Films with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Qin Ru , Wu Yin , Ding Zicheng , Zhang Rui , Yu Jifa , Huang Wenliang , Liu Dongle , Lu Guanghao , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Kui , Han Yanchun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe physical blending of high‐mobility conjugated polymers with ductile elastomers provides a simple way to realize high‐performance stretchable films. However, how to control the morphology of the conjugated polymer and elastomer blend film and its response to mechanical fracture processes during stretching are not well understood. Herein, a sandwich structure is constructed in the blend film based on a conjugated polymer poly[(5‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)(4,4‐dihexadecyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b″]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)(6‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)(4,4‐dihexadecyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b″]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)] (PCDTFBT) and an elastomer polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS). The sandwich structure is composed of a PCDTFBT:SEBS mixed layer laminated with a PCDTFBT‐rich layer at both the top and bottom surfaces. During stretching, the external strain energy can be effectively dissipated by the deformation of the crystalline PCDTFBT domains and amorphous SEBS phases and the recrystallization of the PCDTFBT chains. This endows the blend film with excellent ductility, with a large crack onset strain exceeding 1100%, and minimized the electrical degradation of the blend film at a large strain. This study indicates that the electrical and mechanical performance of conjugated polymer/elastomer blend films can be improved by manipulating their microstructure.
Whole‐Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals Distinct Alterations in Neurometabolic Profile in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Klietz Martin , Mahmoudi Nima , Maudsley Andrew A. , Sheriff Sulaiman , Bronzlik Paul , Almohammad Mohammad , Nösel Patrick , Wegner Florian , Höglinger Günter U. , Lanfermann Heinrich , Ding Xiao‐Qi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical Parkinsonian syndrome characterized by supranuclear gaze palsy, early postural instability, and a frontal dysexecutive syndrome. Contrary to normal brain magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease (PD), PSP shows specific cerebral atrophy patterns and alterations, but these findings are not present in every patient, and it is still unclear if these signs are also detectable in early disease stages.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to analyze the metabolic profile of patients with clinically diagnosed PSP in comparison with matched healthy volunteers and PD patients using whole‐brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (wbMRSI).MethodsThirty‐nine healthy controls (HCs), 29 PD, and 22 PSP patients underwent wbMRSI. PSP and PD patients were matched for age and handedness with HCs. Clinical characterization was performed using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, PSP rating scale, and DemTect (test for cognitive assessment).ResultsIn PSP patients a significant reduction in N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) was detected in all brain lobes. Fractional volume of the cerebrospinal fluid significantly increased in PSP patients compared to PD and healthy volunteers.ConclusionsIn PSP much more neuronal degeneration and cerebral atrophy have been detected compared with PD. The most relevant alteration is the decrease in NAA in all lobes of the brain, which also showed a partial correlation with clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to confirm the additional value of wbMRSI in clinical practice. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Hydrogen nanobubbles: A novel approach toward radio‐sensitization agents
Authors: Hashemi Samaneh , Aghamiri Seyed Mahmoud‐Reza , Siavashpour Zahra , Kahani Mahdi , Zaidi Habib , Jaberi Ramin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOcular melanoma is a rare kind of eye malignancy that threatens the patient's eyesight. Radiotherapy and surgical removal are the most commonly used therapeutic modalities, and nanomedicine has lately entered this field. Brachytherapy using Ruthenium‐106 (106Ru) ophthalmic plaques has been used for decades to treat ocular melanoma, with the applicator placed on the patient's eyes until the prescribed dose reaches the tumor apex.PurposeTo investigate the efficiency of hydrogen nanobubbles (H2‐NBs) employment during intraocular melanoma brachytherapy using a 106Ru electron emitter plaque.MethodsThe Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and experimental investigation using a 3D‐designed phantom and thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) were employed. Various concentrations of H2‐NBs with a diameter of 100 nm were simulated inside tumor tissue. The results were presented as deposited energy and dose enhancement factor (DEF). An equivalent Resin phantom of the human eyeball was made using AutoCAD and 3D‐Printer technologies. The glass‐bead TLDs dosimeter were employed and placed inside the phantom.ResultsUsing a 1% concentration of H2‐NBs, a DEF of 93% and 98% were achieved at the tumor apex of 10 mm from the experimental setup and MC simulation, respectively. For simulated concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, and 4% H2‐NBs, a maximum dose enhancement of 154%, 174%, 188%, 200%, and 300% were achieved, respectively, and a dose reduction was seen at about 3 mm from the plaque surface.ConclusionH2‐NBs can be used as an absorbed dose enhancer in 106Ru eye brachytherapy because of their unique physical characteristics. Reducing plaque implantation time on the patient's eye, reducing sclera absorbed dose, and decreasing the risk of patients’ healthy organs irradiation are reported as some of the potential benefits of using H2‐NBs.
On the passive shimming of a 7 T whole‐body MRI superconducting magnet: Implementation with minimized ferromagnetic materials usage and operable magnetic force control
Authors: Wang Wenchen , Wang Yaohui , Wang Hui , Cheng Junsheng , Qu Hongyi , Wang Cong , Niu Chaoqun , Liu Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic field shimming of the magnet is a routine practice in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. For clinically‐used 1.5 T or 3 T MRI superconducting magnets, it is generally straightforward to achieve desired magnetic field uniformity with the passive shim technique. In comparison, superconducting shims with higher shimming efficiency are usually introduced in combination with passive shimming to satisfy the higher magnetic field uniformity requirement for ultrahigh field magnets (≥7 Tesla). However, superconducting shim usually involves a complex winding structure and low‐temperature environment, bringing considerable engineering challenges and extra costs in practice.PurposeIn this study, we aimed to improve the passive shimming method that can incorporate the unique electromagnetic properties of ultrahigh‐field MRI magnets and is thus more effective for field corrections at 7T and above.MethodsIn this work, we propose a dedicated passive shimming strategy for a 7 T whole‐body MRI superconducting magnet. In this method, the iron usage and magnetic force due to the iron‐field interaction are strictly managed to ensure a shim tray insert is operable by manpower (without specially designed tools).ResultsTo validate the proposed shimming strategy, a shimming experiment was implemented on a 7 T/800 mm superconducting magnet. Alternating with the odd and even shim trays in our two‐round operation, the magnetic field inhomogeneity was successfully corrected from 85.36 to 7.91 ppm, achieving the magnetic field quality elevation of more than one order of magnitude.ConclusionThe experimental results indicated that the proposed electromagnetic technology is expected to be effective for developing ultrahigh‐field MRI instruments.