bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectra, Group Representations and Twisted Laplacians
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , Peyerimhoff Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we review basic notions about spectra, group representations, and twisted Laplace operators. We first recall how to define the spectrum and the spectral zeta function for a general symmetric second order elliptic differential operator acting on smooth sections of a Hermitian line bundle. We prove that the non-zero spectrum (i.e., the spectral zeta function) determines the entire spectrum on an odd-dimensional manifold, but also give an example showing that this is not always true for even-dimensional manifolds; the example is obstructed by the non-vanishing of some topological genus. After setting up some notation from representation theory, we discuss G-sets and weak conjugacy (“Gaßmann equivalence”) of subgroups of a group, explaining the interrelations. In the final sections, we introduce twisted Laplacians, corresponding to unitary representations of the fundamental group. After this, we focus on the case of a twisted Laplacian arising from a finite Galois cover of manifolds and we relate the spectrum on the top manifold to that of the induced representation on the bottom manifold. We relate the multiplicity of zero in the spectrum to the multiplicity of the trivial representation in the given representation, and finally we show that, contrary to the general case, the multiplicity of zero in the spectrum of a twisted Laplacian is determined from the non-zero spectrum, provided one also knows the usual Laplace spectrum of the manifold.
Representations with a Unique Monomial Structure
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , Peyerimhoff Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we recall the notion of monomial structures (and their isomorphism) on a representation, show a natural monomial structure on induced representations, and introduce solitary characters (characters whose induced representation has a unique monomial structure up to isomorphism); these characters may be used to detect conjugacy of subgroups. We also recall a specific type of wreath product construction and state and prove Bart de Smit’s theorem on the existence of solitary characters for these (and a follow-up result of Pintonello for characters of degree two)—these were previously formulated and used in the context of number theory, but we present them abstractly. We give an application to covering equivalence in a very specific setup of manifolds, and also count the number of required characters, based on a formula for the commutator of a wreath product.
Construction of Suitable Covers and Proof of the Main Theorem
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , Peyerimhoff Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we set up some theory concerning the action of isometries on fundamental groups and first homology groups. More specifically, we show that the action of a finite group of isometries on the first homology group of a manifold corresponds to conjugation by a lift to the orbifold fundamental group of the quotient. This result is then used to give a necessary and sufficient condition for realising a certain wreath product by a Galois cover (by an explicit construction of the corresponding subgroup of the fundamental group)—a problem similar to the algebraic problem of inverse Galois theory. The required condition, called (∗), is a representation-theoretic property of the action on homology. Using the representation theoretical results from the previous chapter, this allows us to finish the proof of the main theorem of the text, describing covering equivalence of manifolds through spectra of twisted Laplacians.
Geometric Construction of the Covering Manifold
Authors: Cornelissen Gunther , Peyerimhoff Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we provide a geometric construction of a manifold extending a given Galois cover to a wreath product, using composita and fiber products. For this to be possible, a certain assumption on the homology, previously called (∗), needs to be strengthened to a new condition (∗∗) (equivalent in most cases). To motivate and use this new condition, we first recall the connection between homology of a quotient and coinvariants. Apart from geometric tools, the construction is also based on the vanishing of certain group cohomology, which is used to prove the existence of certain isometries of manifolds. In the final section, we give a universal property of the wreath product in relation to coverings of manifolds, just like there is such a universal property in the theory of Galois extensions of fields.
The ETHNA System and Support Tools
Authors: González-Esteban Elsa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe article deals with ethics governance systems in the field of research and innovation at the organisational level, both for organisations performing and funding research and innovation activities. In particular, it proposes and argues for a system called ETHNA System. Informed by a deliberative and participatory concept of ethics governance, as well as by the dimensions of responsibility in research and innovation – anticipation, inclusion, reflection and responsiveness – it proposes a modular design of ethics governance based on four mechanisms: a responsible research and innovation (RRI) Office(r); a Code of Ethics and Good Practices in research and innovation (R&I); an ethics committee on R&I and an ethics line. Moreover, to ensure continuous improvement, a system for monitoring the process and the achievement of results is provided. The system also offers specific details of the implementation process paying attention to four issues: research integrity, gender perspective, open access and public engagement.
Vector Boson Fusion topology and simplified models for dark matter searches at colliders
Authors: Duque-Escobar Santiago , Ocampo-Henao Daniel , Ruiz-Álvarez José D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the possible searches at colliders using Vector Boson Fusion topology in the context of Simplified Models signatures. We examine the possible physics reach of these searches with regard to monojet-type searches, and determine how these two signatures are complementary. We determine the generic characteristics for dark matter signatures in the LHC if the underlying physics imply Vector Boson Fusion type of production.
Bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy is characterized by embryonic epithelial to mesenchymal transition and endothelial instability
Authors: Freiholtz David , Bergman Otto , Lång Karin , Poujade Flore-Anne , Paloschi Valentina , Granath Carl , Lindeman Jan H. N. , Olsson Christian , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Eriksson Per , Björck Hanna M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation frequently associated with ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role in BAV-associated AscAA. The aim of the study was to investigate the type of EMT associated with BAV aortopathy using patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) as a reference. The state of the endothelium was further evaluated. Aortic biopsies were taken from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Aortic intima/media miRNA and gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix human transcriptomic array. Histological staining assessed structure, localization, and protein expression. Migration/proliferation was assessed using ORIS migration assay. We show different EMT types associated with BAV and TAV AscAA. Specifically, in BAV-associated aortopathy, EMT genes related to endocardial cushion formation were enriched. Further, BAV vascular smooth muscle cells were less proliferative and migratory. In contrast, TAV aneurysmal aortas displayed a fibrotic EMT phenotype with medial degenerative insults. Further, non-dilated BAV aortas showed a lower miRNA-200c-associated endothelial basement membrane LAMC1 expression and lower CD31 expression, accompanied by increased endothelial permeability indicated by increased albumin infiltration. Embryonic EMT is a characteristic of BAV aortopathy, associated with endothelial instability and vascular permeability of the non-dilated aortic wall.

Key messages

Embryonic EMT is a feature of BAV-associated aortopathy.

Endothelial integrity is compromised in BAV aortas prior to dilatation.

Non-dilated BAV ascending aortas are more permeable than aortas of tricuspid aortic valve patients.
Robust structural optimization in presence of manufacturing uncertainties through a boundary-perturbation method
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Bonaccorsi Giacomo , Kim Hyunsun Alicia , Braghin Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost manufacturing processes are inevitably characterized by process tolerances that ultimately affect the way a component behaves and complies with the design requirements. These uncertainties determine the real performance of a structure, with their impact growing with increasing deviations from the nominal values. This work introduces a simple approach, applicable to both static and dynamic cases, to conduct robust structural topology optimization in presence of manufacturing uncertainties. This approach, based on the level set method, makes use of a computationally efficient boundary-perturbation technique to describe over- and under-etching errors. Compared to the existing methods, it does not require a frequent re-initialization of the level set function, nor does it require a mapping between the etched structures and the nominal one. Moreover, compared to the standard case with uniform uncertainty, the technique presented in this work allows dealing with arbitrary spatially varying errors without increasing the computational cost.
Trends in incidence of recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fractures in people aged 50 years and above: retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data
Authors: Avgerinou Christina , Petersen Irene , Clegg Andrew , West Robert M. , Osborn David , Walters Kate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Summary
This study used primary care data to estimate the incidence of recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fracture in the UK during 2000–2018 accounting for age, sex, calendar year and social deprivation. More than 3 million people aged 50–99 years were included. We found that men living in the most deprived areas had a 45% higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis and 50% higher risk of fragility fracture compared to men living in the least deprived areas.

Purpose
a) To estimate the incidence trends of a recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fracture in the UK over time; b) to describe differences according to age, sex, and social deprivation.

Methods
This is a longitudinal population-based cohort study using routinely collected primary care data obtained via IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD). All patients aged 50–99 years registered with a practice participating in THIN (The Health Improvement Network) between 2000–2018 were included. The first recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, or fragility fracture was used to estimate incidence rates (IR) per 10,000 person-years at risk. Poisson regression was used to provide Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) adjusted by age, sex, social deprivation, calendar year, and practice effect.

Results
The year-specific adjusted IRR of recorded osteoporosis was highest in 2009 in women [IRR 1.44(95%CI 1.38–1.50)], whereas in men it was highest in 2013–2014 [IRR 1.94(95%CI 1.72–2.18)] compared to 2000. The year-specific adjusted IRR of fragility fracture was highest in 2012 in women [IRR 1.77(95%CI 1.69–1.85)], whereas in men it was highest in 2013 [IRR 1.64(95%CI 1.51–1.78)] compared to 2000. Men in the most deprived areas had a higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis [IRR 1.45(95%CI 1.38–1.53)], osteopenia [IRR 1.17(95%CI 1.09–1.26)], and fragility fracture [IRR 1.50(95%CI 1.44–1.56)] compared to those living in the least deprived areas, but smaller differences were seen in women.

Conclusion
Use of fracture risk assessment tools may enhance the detection of osteoporosis cases in primary care. Further research is needed on the effect of social deprivation on diagnosis of osteoporosis and fractures.
Nonlinear Stability and Existence of Two-Dimensional Compressible Current-Vortex Sheets
Authors: Morando Alessandro , Secchi Paolo , Trebeschi Paola , Yuan Difan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe are concerned with the nonlinear stability and existence of two-dimensional current-vortex sheets in ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics. This is a nonlinear hyperbolic initial-boundary value problem with a characteristic free boundary. It is well-known that current-vortex sheets may be at most weakly (neutrally) stable due to the existence of surface waves solutions that yield a loss of derivatives in the energy estimate of the solution with respect to the source terms. We first identify a sufficient condition ensuring the weak stability of the linearized current-vortex sheets problem. Under this stability condition for the background state, we show that the linearized problem obeys an energy estimate in anisotropic weighted Sobolev spaces with a loss of derivatives. Based on the weakly linear stability results, we then establish the local-in-time existence and nonlinear stability of current-vortex sheets by a suitable Nash–Moser iteration, provided that the stability condition is satisfied at each point of the initial discontinuity. This result gives a new confirmation of the stabilizing effect of sufficiently strong magnetic fields on Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities.
Compact embeddings, eigenvalue problems, and subelliptic Brezis–Nirenberg equations involving singularity on stratified Lie groups
Authors: Ghosh Sekhar , Kumar Vishvesh , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first we study an eigenvalue problem for the fractional p-sub-Laplacian over the fractional Folland–Stein–Sobolev spaces on stratified Lie groups. We apply variational methods to investigate the eigenvalue problems. We conclude the positivity of the first eigenfunction via the strong minimum principle for the fractional p-sub-Laplacian. Moreover, we deduce that the first eigenvalue is simple and isolated. Secondly, utilising established properties, we prove the existence of at least two weak solutions via the Nehari manifold technique to a class of subelliptic singular problems associated with the fractional p-sub-Laplacian on stratified Lie groups. We also investigate the boundedness of positive weak solutions to the considered problem via the Moser iteration technique. The results obtained here are also new even for the case $$p=2$$

p
=
2

with $$\mathbb {G}$$
G
being the Heisenberg group.
Modulation of the oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis-related genes by dicinnamoyl-L-tartaric acid in liver cancer
Authors: Elmetwalli Alaa , Hashish Shimaa Mustafa , Hassan Mervat G. , El-Magd Mohammed Abu , El-Naggar Sabry Ali , Tolba Amina M. , Salama Afrah Fatthi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer cells can become resistant to existing treatments over time, so it is important to develop new treatments that target different pathways to stay ahead of this resistance. Many cancer treatments have severe side effects that can be debilitating and even life-threatening. Developing drugs that can effectively treat cancer while minimizing the risks of these side effects is essential for improving the quality of life of cancer patients. The study was designed to explore whether the combination of dicinnamoyl-L-tartaric (CLT) and sorafenib ((SOR), an anti-cancer drug)) could be used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the animal model and to assess whether this combination would lead to changes in certain biomarkers associated with the tumour. In this study, 120 male mice were divided into 8 groups of 15 mice each. A number of biochemical parameters were measured, including liver functions, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, (MDA); nitric oxide (NO)), and antioxidative activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)). Furthermore, the hepatic expressions of Bax, Beclin1, TNF-α, IL1β, and BCl-2 genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The combination of SOR and CLT was found to reduce the levels of liver enzymes, such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, and reduce the pathological changes caused by DAB and PB. The upregulation of TNF-α, IL1β, and Bcl-2 genes suggests that the CLT was able to initiate an inflammatory response to combat the tumor, while the downregulation of the Bax and Beclin1 genes indicates that the CLT was able to reduce the risk of apoptosis in the liver. Furthermore, the combination therapy led to increased expression of cytokines, resulting in an enhanced anti-tumor effect.
Tracking the Trauma Epidemic in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Tefera Aida , Lutge Elizabeth Eleanor , Moodley Nirvasha , Xaba Xolani Wiseman , Hardcastle Timothy Craig , Brysiewicz Petra , Clarke Damian Luiz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrauma remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa, but attempts to track the epidemic are often based on mortality data, or derived from individual health facilities. This project is based on the routine collection of trauma data from all public health facilities in the province of KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN), between 2012 and 2022.MethodsHospital level data on trauma over the past ten years was drawn from the district health information system (DHIS). Data relating to assaults, gunshots and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) were recorded in the emergency rooms, whilst data on admissions are recorded in the wards and intensive care units.ResultsThere were 1,263,847 emergency room visits for assaults, gunshots and MVCs over the ten‐year period and trauma admissions ranged between four and five percent of the total number of hospital admissions annually. There was a dramatic decrease in trauma presentations and admissions over 2020/2021 as a result of the COVID lockdowns. Over the entire period, intentional injury was roughly twice as frequent as non‐intentional injury. Intentional trauma had an almost equal ratio of blunt assault to penetrating assault. Gunshot‐related assault increased dramatically over the 2021/2022 collecting period.ConclusionsThe burden of trauma in KZN remains high. The unique feature of this burden is the excessively high rate of intentional trauma in the form of both blunt and penetrating mechanisms. Developing injury‐prevention strategies to reduce the burden of interpersonal violence is more difficult than for unintentional trauma.
Advanced statistics identification of participant and treatment predictors associated with severe adverse effects induced by fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy
Authors: Korver Samantha K. , Bowen Joanne M. , Gibson Rachel J. , Ball Imogen A. , Secombe Kate R. , Wain Taylor J. , Logan Richard M. , Tuke Jonathan , Mead Kelly R. , Richards Alison M. , Karapetis Christos S. , Keefe Dorothy M. , Coller Janet K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse effects following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens are common. However, there are no current accepted diagnostic markers for prediction prior to treatment, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine genetic and non-genetic predictors of adverse effects.

Methods
Genomic DNA was analyzed for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Demographics, comorbidities, cancer and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimen types, and adverse effect data were obtained from clinical records for 155 Australian White participants. Associations were determined by bivariate analysis, logistic regression modeling and Bayesian network analysis.

Results
Twelve different adverse effects were observed in the participants, the most common severe adverse effect was diarrhea (12.9%). Bivariate analysis revealed associations between all adverse effects except neutropenia, between genetic and non-genetic predictors, and between 8 genetic and 12 non-genetic predictors with more than 1 adverse effect. Logistic regression modeling of adverse effects revealed a greater/sole role for six genetic predictors in overall gastrointestinal toxicity, nausea and/or vomiting, constipation, and neutropenia, and for nine non-genetic predictors in diarrhea, mucositis, neuropathy, generalized pain, hand–foot syndrome, skin toxicity, cardiotoxicity and fatigue. The Bayesian network analysis revealed less directly associated predictors (one genetic and six non-genetic) with adverse effects and confirmed associations between six adverse effects, eight genetic predictors and nine non-genetic predictors.

Conclusion
This study is the first to link both genetic and non-genetic predictors with adverse effects following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Collectively, we report a wealth of information that warrants further investigation to elucidate the clinical significance, especially associations with genetic predictors and adverse effects.
PET/MRI of hypoxia and vascular function in ER-positive breast cancer: correlations with immunohistochemistry
Authors: Carmona-Bozo Julia C. , Manavaki Roido , Miller Jodi L. , Brodie Cara , Caracò Corradina , Woitek Ramona , Baxter Gabrielle C. , Graves Martin J. , Fryer Tim D. , Provenzano Elena , Gilbert Fiona J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the relationship between indices of hypoxia and vascular function from 18F-fluoromisonidazole ([18F]-FMISO)-PET/MRI with immunohistochemical markers of hypoxia and vascularity in oestrogen receptor–positive (ER +) breast cancer.

Methods
Women aged  > 18 years with biopsy-confirmed, treatment-naïve primary ER + breast cancer underwent [18F]-FMISO-PET/MRI prior to surgery. Parameters of vascular function were derived from DCE-MRI using the extended Tofts model, whilst hypoxia was assessed using the [18F]-FMISO influx rate constant, Ki. Histological tumour sections were stained with CD31, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). The number of tumour microvessels, median vessel diameter, and microvessel density (MVD) were obtained from CD31 immunohistochemistry. HIF-1α and CAIX expression were assessed using histoscores obtained by multiplying the percentage of positive cells stained by the staining intensity. Regression analysis was used to study associations between imaging and immunohistochemistry variables.

Results
Of the lesions examined, 14/22 (64%) were ductal cancers, grade 2 or 3 (19/22; 86%), with 17/22 (77%) HER2-negative. [18F]-FMISO Ki associated negatively with vessel diameter (p = 0.03), MVD (p = 0.02), and CAIX expression (p = 0.002), whilst no significant relationships were found between DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters and immunohistochemical variables. HIF-1α did not significantly associate with any PET/MR imaging indices.

Conclusion
Hypoxia measured by [18F]-FMISO-PET was associated with increased CAIX expression, low MVD, and smaller vessel diameters in ER + breast cancer, further corroborating the link between inadequate vascularity and hypoxia in ER + breast cancer.

Key Points
• Hypoxia, measured by [18F]-FMISO-PET, was associated with low microvessel density and small vessel diameters, corroborating the link between inadequate vascularity and hypoxia in ER + breast cancer.
• Increased CAIX expression was associated with higher levels of hypoxia measured by [18F]-FMISO-PET.
• Morphologic and functional abnormalities of the tumour microvasculature are the major determinants of hypoxia in cancers and support the previously reported perfusion-driven character of hypoxia in breast carcinomas.