bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MMP-9 plasma level as biomarker of cochlear implantation outcome in cohort study of deaf children
Authors: Matusiak Monika , Oziębło Dominika , Ołdak Monika , Rejmak Emilia , Kaczmarek Leszek , Dobek Dominik , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
If before cochlear implantation it was possible to assay biomarkers of neuroplasticity, we might be able to identify those children with congenital deafness who, later on, were at risk of poor speech and language rehabilitation outcomes.

Methods
A group of 40 children aged up to 2 years with DFNB1-related congenital deafness was observed in this prospective cohort study over three follow-up intervals (0, 8, and 18 months) after cochlear implant (CI) activation. Children were assessed for auditory development using the LittlEARS Questionnaire (LEAQ) score, and at the same time, measurements were made of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plasma levels.

Results
There were significant negative correlations between plasma levels of MMP-9 at 8-month follow-up and LEAQ score at cochlear implantation (p = 0.04) and LEAQ score at 18-month follow-up (p = 0.02) and between MMP-9 plasma levels at 18-month follow-up and LEAQ score at cochlear implantation (p = 0.04). As already reported, we confirmed a significant negative correlation between MMP-9 plasma level at cochlear implantation and LEAQ score at 18-month follow-up (p = 0.005). Based on this latter correlation, two clusters of good and poor CI performers could be isolated.

Conclusions
The study shows that children born deaf who have an MMP-9 plasma level of less than 150 ng/ml at cochlear implantation have a good chance of attaining a high LEAQ score after 18 months of speech and language rehabilitation. This indicates that MMP-9 plasma level at cochlear implantation is a good prognostic marker for CI outcome.
TRPS1 expression in cytokeratin 5 expressing triple negative breast cancers, its value as a marker of breast origin
Authors: Almási Szintia , Kuthi Levente , Sejben Anita , Vörös András , Nagy Ákos , Zombori Tamás , Cserni Gábor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lack of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression in breast cancer (BC) is the basis for the categorization of the tumour as triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). The majority of TNBCs are aggressive tumours with common metastases and decreased expression of markers that could help in identifying the metastatic lesion as of mammary origin. Breast markers, such as gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDPF-15), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), mammaglobin (MGB) and SOX10, are not uniquely specific to BC. Our aim was to evaluate trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) protein as a breast marker in a series of cytokeratin-5-expressing TNBC, mostly corresponding to basal-like TNBCs, previously characterized for the expression of other breast markers. One hundred seventeen TNBCs in tissue microarrays were immunostained for TRPS1. The cut-off for positivity was ≥ 10%. The reproducibility of this classification was also assessed. TRPS1 positivity was detected in 92/117 (79%) cases, and this exceeded the expression of previously tested markers like SOX10 82 (70%), GATA3 11 (9%), MGB 10 (9%) and GCDFP-15 7 (6%). Of the 25 TRPS1-negative cases, 11 were positive with SOX10, whereas 5 to 6 dual negatives displayed positivity for the other makers. The evaluation showed substantial agreement. Of the five markers compared, TRPS1 seems the most sensitive marker for the mammary origin of CK5-expressing TNBCs. Cases that are negative are most often labelled with SOX10, and the remainder may still demonstrate positivity for any of the 3 other markers. TRPS1 has a place in breast marker panels.
β-CATENIN is a positive prognostic marker for HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Stoiber Stefan , Brkic Faris F. , Maier Tobias , Schnoell Julia , Gurnhofer Elisabeth , Heiduschka Gregor , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Kenner Lukas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The evolutionary-conserved Wnt/β-CATENIN (WBC) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different solid malignant tumors. We evaluated the prognostic relevance of β-CATENIN, a pivotal mediator of WBC activation, in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods
We analyzed if patients with HPV-positive HNSCC from the “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA cohort, n = 41) can be stratified based on their CTNNB1 mRNA expression. Moreover, in a tissue microarray (TMA) of primary tumor sections from HPV-positive HNSCC patients treated in a tertiary academic center (in-house cohort, n = 31), we evaluated the prognostic relevance of β-CATENIN expression on protein level.

Results
In silico mining of CTNNB1 expression in HPV-positive HNSCC revealed that high CTNNB1 expression was linked to better overall survival (OS, p = 0.062). Moreover, high β-CATENIN expression was significantly associated with a better OS in our in-house cohort (p = 0.035).

Conclusion
Based on these findings, we postulate that β-CATENIN expression could serve (potentially in conjunction with other WBC pathway members) as a marker for better survival outcomes in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC. However, it is evident that future studies on bigger cohorts are warranted.
Reticulinasus salahi (Acarina: Argasidae), a tick of bats and man in the Palaearctic and Afrotropics: review of records with the first pathogens detected
Authors: Ševčík Martin , Špitalská Eva , Kabát Peter , Lučan Radek K. , Maliterná Michaela , Reiter Antonín , Uhrin Marcel , Benda Petr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The soft ticks of the genus Reticulinasus Schulze, 1941 (family Argasidae Koch, 1844) are ectoparasites of the fruit bats of the Old World (Pteropodidae). Reticulinasus salahi (Hoogstraal, 1953) is the only representative of this genus that occurs in the western part of the Palaearctic. This unusual distribution reflects the distributon range of its primary host, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810). In this contribution, we present a revised review of records of this tick that were made in two periods, 1951–1966 (records from Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Spain) and 2005–2019 (Cyprus, Iran, Oman), and additionally, we present notes, re-determinations, new records, and summary of hosts of this tick. Besides the primary host, the revised list of hosts comprises two bats (Taphozous perforatus Geoffroy, 1818, Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859) and the human (Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758). We also tried to identify pathogens in specimens of this tick collected from R. aegyptiacus in Oman. The DNA of the Mouse herpesvirus strain 68 (MHV-68), of two bacteria, Borellia burgdorferii sensu lato, and Ehrlichia sp. almost identical (98%) with Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis was detected in several larvae specimens.
A modified cap plasticity description coupled with a localizing gradient-enhanced approach for concrete failure modeling
Authors: Zhao Dong , Yin Bo , Tarachandani Sumit , Kaliske Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe modeling of concrete has always been of great interest. In this work, a yield criterion with three surfaces is proposed to capture the plastic yielding behavior under different loading conditions, including uniaxial tension/compression, biaxial tension/compression and tension-compression. Material failure, characterized by the degradation and finally the complete loss of material integrity, can be modeled by the continuum damage approach. Within finite element methods, the nonlocal enhancement of integral-type or gradient-type is often required for the well-posedness of the partial differential equation system. In this work, a localizing gradient damage model has been adopted to obtain mesh-insensitive material responses, while ruling out the unphysical broadening of the damage zone often observed in constant length scale gradient damage models. Following a consistent derivation, the plasticity-damage coupled model has been implemented into an in-house finite element framework. Several representative and demonstrative examples serve to illustrate the capability of the proposed description in concrete modeling, followed by the conclusion, where some final insights are provided.
Recurrent and convolutional neural networks in structural dynamics: a modified attention steered encoder–decoder architecture versus LSTM versus GRU versus TCN topologies to predict the response of shock wave-loaded plates
Authors: Tandale Saurabh Balkrishna , Stoffel Marcus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to analyse and predict the structural deformations occurring during shock tube experiments with a series of recurrent and temporal convolutional neural networks. The goal is to determine the architecture that can best learn and predict physically and geometrically nonlinear deformations. For this approach, four different architectures are proposed. Firstly, the multi-layered long-short term memory is developed followed by the multi-layered gated recurrent unit (GRU). Both the RNNs allow accounting for history dependent behaviors through their corresponding internal variables. Further, a multilayered temporal convolutional network is initialized, where the dilated convolution operation is responsible for tracing the path dependent behavior. In the mentioned architectures a sequence of mechanical data is passed through the network and a transformation to corresponding displacements is established. These sequences and corresponding deflections belong to a wide range of strain rates in the dynamic response of structures consisting of steel, aluminum, and copper plates including geometrical and physical non-linearities. Finally, an encoder–decoder architecture consisting of GRU layers is introduced with a modified attention mechanism which showed the best result for predicting the dynamic response. Employing comparative calculations between the neural network (NN) enhanced predictions and the measurements, the nature of approximation of each mentioned NN architecture is discussed and the capabilities of these developed surrogate models are demonstrated by its prediction on validation experiments. These validation experiments have displacement and input data ranges beyond the range of data used for training the aforementioned models.
Levels of explicability for medical artificial intelligence: What do we normatively need and what can we technically reach?
Authors: Ursin Frank , Lindner Felix , Ropinski Timo , Salloch Sabine , Timmermann Cristian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Definition of the problem
The umbrella term “explicability” refers to the reduction of opacity of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. These efforts are challenging for medical AI applications because higher accuracy often comes at the cost of increased opacity. This entails ethical tensions because physicians and patients desire to trace how results are produced without compromising the performance of AI systems. The centrality of explicability within the informed consent process for medical AI systems compels an ethical reflection on the trade-offs. Which levels of explicability are needed to obtain informed consent when utilizing medical AI?

Arguments
We proceed in five steps: First, we map the terms commonly associated with explicability as described in the ethics and computer science literature, i.e., disclosure, intelligibility, interpretability, and explainability. Second, we conduct a conceptual analysis of the ethical requirements for explicability when it comes to informed consent. Third, we distinguish hurdles for explicability in terms of epistemic and explanatory opacity. Fourth, this then allows to conclude the level of explicability physicians must reach and what patients can expect. In a final step, we show how the identified levels of explicability can technically be met from the perspective of computer science. Throughout our work, we take diagnostic AI systems in radiology as an example.

Conclusion
We determined four levels of explicability that need to be distinguished for ethically defensible informed consent processes and showed how developers of medical AI can technically meet these requirements.
Random search immune algorithm for community detection
Authors: Spampinato Antonio G. , Scollo Rocco A. , Cutello Vincenzo , Pavone Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommunity detection is a prominent research topic in Complex Network Analysis, and it constitutes an important research field on all those areas where complex networks represent a powerful interpretation tool for describing and understanding systems involved in neuroscience, biology, social science, economy, and many others. A challenging approach to uncover the community structure in complex network, and then revealing the internal organization of nodes, is Modularity optimization. In this research paper, we present an immune optimization algorithm (opt-IA) developed to detect community structures, with the main aim to maximize the modularity produced by the discovered communities. In order to assess the performance of opt-IA, we compared it with an overall of 20 heuristics and metaheuristics, among which one Hyper-Heuristic method, using social and biological complex networks as data set. Unlike these algorithms, opt-IA is entirely based on a fully random search process, which in turn is combined with purely stochastic operators. According to the obtained outcomes, opt-IA shows strictly better performances than almost all heuristics and metaheuristics to which it was compared; whilst it turns out to be comparable with the Hyper-Heuristic method. Overall, it can be claimed that opt-IA, even if driven by a purely random process, proves to be reliable and with efficient performance. Furthermore, to prove the latter claim, a sensitivity analysis of the functionality was conducted, using the classic metrics NMI, ARI and NVI.
Incremental class learning using variational autoencoders with similarity learning
Authors: Huo Jiahao , van Zyl Terence L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Catastrophic forgetting in neural networks during incremental learning remains a challenging problem. Previous research investigated catastrophic forgetting in fully connected networks, with some earlier work exploring activation functions and learning algorithms. Applications of neural networks have been extended to include similarity learning. Understanding how similarity learning loss functions would be affected by catastrophic forgetting is of significant interest. Our research investigates catastrophic forgetting for four well-known similarity-based loss functions during incremental class learning. The loss functions are Angular, Contrastive, Center, and Triplet loss. Our results show that the catastrophic forgetting rate differs across loss functions on multiple datasets. The Angular loss was least affected, followed by Contrastive, Triplet loss, and Center loss with good mining techniques. We implemented three existing incremental learning techniques, iCaRL, EWC, and EBLL. We further proposed a novel technique using Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) to generate representation as exemplars passed through the network’s intermediate layers. Our method outperformed three existing state-of-the-art techniques. We show that one does not require stored images (exemplars) for incremental learning with similarity learning. The generated representations from VAEs help preserve regions of the embedding space used by prior knowledge so that new knowledge does not “overwrite” it.
Digitalisierung und regionaler Wissenstransfer: Interdependenzen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Bäumle Philipp , Hirschmann Daniel , Feser Daniel , Winkler-Portmann Simon J. , Bizer Kilian 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung von Unternehmen und der Wissenstransfer (WT) zwischen akademischen und nichtakademischen Akteuren sind zentral für regionale Innovationsstrategien. Dennoch ist weder klar, wie der WT zur Digitalisierung beitragen kann, noch wie digitale Arbeitsweisen den WT unterstützen können. Um beide Fragestellungen näher zu beleuchten, untersuchen wir sechs regionale Wissenstransfersysteme in Deutschland. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Maßnahmen des WT auf unterschiedliche Weise zu Digitalisierungsprozessen regionaler Akteure beitragen und sich die Akteure des WT vielfach digitaler Arbeitsweisen bedienen. Innerhalb regionaler Wissenstransfersysteme werden sowohl Informationen zu digitalisierungsrelevanten Themen vermittelt und in Netzwerken vertieft als auch konkrete Digitalisierungsprojekte unterstützt. Digitale Tools und Arbeitsweisen spielen eine wichtige Rolle, einerseits für die Durchführung entsprechender Veranstaltungsformate und andererseits für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Organisationen. Die Analyse zeigt jedoch auch, dass die Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung durch WT begrenzt sind und auch hinsichtlich der Nutzung digitaler Instrumente verschiedene Herausforderungen bestehen. Letztere konzentrieren sich auf die Auswahl und Umsetzung bestehender Lösungen, die von wissenschaftlicher Seite nur begrenzt sinnvoll unterstützt werden können. Themen von größerem wissenschaftlichem Interesse finden nur bei wenigen, bereits stark digitalisierten Unternehmen intensivere Beachtung. Darüber hinaus gestaltet es sich schwierig, vertrauensbasierte Netzwerkbeziehungen über digitale Kanäle zu initiieren und für Kooperationen zwischen Organisationen nutzbar zu machen.
Understanding the burden of chronic back pain: a spatial microsimulation of chronic back pain at small area level across England
Authors: Smalley Harrison , Edwards Kimberley 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic back pain (CBP) carries a significant burden. Understanding how and why CBP prevalence varies spatially, as well as the potential impact of policies to decrease CBP would prove valuable for public health planning. This study aims to simulate and map the prevalence of CBP at ward-level across England, identify associations which may explain spatial variation, and explore ‘what-if’ scenarios for the impact of policies to increase physical activity (PA) on CBP.

Methods
A two-stage static spatial microsimulation approach was used to simulate CBP prevalence in England, combining national-level CBP and PA data from the Health Survey for England with spatially disaggregated demographic data from the 2011 Census. The output was validated, mapped, and spatially analysed using geographically weighted regression. ‘What-if’ analysis assumed changes to individuals’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels.

Results
Large significant clusters of high CBP prevalence were found predominantly in coastal areas and low prevalence in cities. Univariate analysis found a strong positive correlation between physical inactivity and CBP prevalence at ward-level (R2 = 0.735; Coefficient = 0.857). The local model showed the relationship to be stronger in/around cities (R2 = 0.815; Coefficient: Mean = 0.833, SD = 0.234, Range = 0.073–2.623). Multivariate modelling showed this relationship was largely explained by confounders (R2 = 0.924; Coefficient: Mean = 0.070, SD = 0.001, Range = 0.069–0.072). ‘What-if’ analysis showed a detectable reduction in CBP prevalence for increases in MVPA of 30 and 60 min (− 2.71%; 1, 164, 056 cases).

Conclusion
CBP prevalence varies at ward-level across England. At ward-level, physical inactivity is strongly positively correlated with CBP. This relationship is largely explained by geographic variation in confounders (the proportion of residents that are: over 60, in low-skilled jobs, female, pregnant, obese, smokers, white or black, disabled). Policies to increase PA by 30 min weekly MVPA will likely result in a significant reduction in CBP prevalence. To maximise their impact, policies could be tailored to areas of high prevalence, which are identified by this study.
Erfassung von patientenberichteten Ergebnissen bei Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Wintner Lisa M. , Gross Franziska , Holzner Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Nierenzellkarzinom (engl. „renal cell carcinoma“ [RCC]) ist der dritthäufigste urologische Tumor, von dem Männer doppelt so häufig betroffen sind wie Frauen. Insbesondere Entwicklungen im Bereich der zielgerichteten Therapien haben zu deutlichen Verbesserungen hinsichtlich des progressionsfreien Überlebens geführt, allerdings ergeben sich während der Behandlung spezifische Toxizitäten, die sich auch langfristig auf die Lebensqualität der Patient:innen auswirken können. Um diese strukturiert zu erfassen, sind Patient-reported-outcome(PRO)-Instrumente das Mittel der Wahl, da diese direkt von den Patient:innen erfragen, wie sie ihren subjektiven Gesundheitszustand wahrnehmen. Die Fülle verfügbarer und in klinischen Studien verwendeter PRO-Fragebögen sollte allerdings nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass es kaum PRO-Instrumente gibt, die spezifisch für RCC-Patient:innen entwickelt wurden, dabei einer etablierten sowie fundierten Methode gefolgt sind und über die reine Symptomerfassung hinausgehen. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wird von der European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) aktuell ein entsprechendes PRO-Modul entwickelt, das zur Ergänzung des Kernfragebogens QLQ-C30 zukünftig Verwendung in klinischen Studien finden wird. Gleichzeitig gibt es Bemühungen, „core outcome sets“ für die verschiedenen RCC-Krankheitsstadien zu entwickeln (lokalisiertes, lokal fortgeschrittenes und metastasiertes RCC). Diese Minimalanforderungen hinsichtlich einer standardisierten Erfassung relevanter klinischer Ergebnisse und eine darauf abgestimmte Empfehlung zuverlässiger PRO-Instrumente sollen zusätzlich zu einer Verbesserung der Interpretierbarkeit von klinischen Studiendaten führen. Auf diese Weise können evidenzbasierte und valide Behandlungsempfehlungen ausgesprochen und patientenzentrierte Behandlungsentscheidungen ermöglicht werden.
Development of model-based and model-free reactive control scheme: considering copper loss and movable-floater-displacement constraint for a wave energy converter
Authors: Umeda Jun , Taniguchi Tomoki , Fujiwara Toshifumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe utilization of wave energy is expected since ocean wave energy has a high potential. The improvement of the feasibility of wave energy converters requires control that maximizes the electric output energy, including the copper loss under a displacement constraint. Several model-based and model-free reactive controls have been developed. Although model-based reactive control attains high performance, it struggles to deal with modeling errors and forecasting wave excitation forces. On the other hand, the model-free reactive control can adapt to dynamic modeling, including modeling errors; however, it requires a vast amount of learning data and considerable time and effort to consider the displacement constraint. Model-based and model-free reactive controls each have advantages and disadvantages. Combined model-based and model-free reactive controls are desirable to freely switch between the model-based and model-free reactive controls based on various ocean situations. In this study, two equivalent model-based and model-free reactive controls that can consider the copper loss and displacement constraints without forecasting the wave excitation forces were proposed. The model-free reactive control was compared with the model-based reactive control and a conventional control using numerical simulations in irregular waves. The results of the simulation show that the proposed model-based reactive control achieves superior performance compared to that of the conventional control. The proposed model-free reactive control achieved comparable performance to that of the proposed model-based reactive control under various wave conditions. Moreover, the proposed model-free reactive control decreased the required training trials. The development of the two equivalent control schemes will lead to the proposal of combined model-based and model-free reactive controls in the future.