bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening, Bioactive Compound Quantification by HPLC, and Antifungal Properties of Andrographis paniculata Extracts Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Kalit S N D M , Zain W Z W M , Ramli N W , Musa S A N C , Hamid N A , Hamzah F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The common issues that occurred in plant disease had been studied for many years and fungi were determined as the major microbial agent that typically reduces the crop yield quality and economic losses. The increasing of antimicrobial resistance fungi and chemical fungicides has urged the development of new antifungal agents from medicinal plants such as Andrographis paniculata which is riches in phytochemical compounds. Hence, this research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical compounds and antifungal properties of a botanical extract derived from A. paniculata to inhibit fungal growth. A maceration technique was used where the extracts were soaked in methanol solvent at room temperature (±28°C) for 72 hours. The prepared samples were studied for phytochemical screening, and it shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Whereas the quantitative estimation of andrographolide compound was conducted by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The antifungal test was tested on Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Thielaviopsis paradoxa through agar disc diffusion. The result revealed that it exhibits significant fungal growth inhibition. Therefore, this study presented the versatile use of A. paniculata extract in developing its role as a novel broad-spectrum antifungal agent against plant disease.
An overview of the potential utilisation of oleaginous yeast for biodiesel feedstock and wastewater treatment
Authors: Wusnah W , Akbar Muhammad Defan , Supardan M D , Haryani S , Yunardi Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The modern world faces a number of alarming problems, including global warming, the energy crisis brought on by the depletion of fossil fuels, and improper waste treatment. Consequently, it is essential to pursue sustainable development and find alternative energy sources that can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. One of the most potential concepts is using lipids produced by microbes (bacteria, algae, and yeast) as the primary raw material for generating sustainable and affordable biodiesel in conjunction with the degradation of pollutants in wastewater. Numerous characteristics of oleaginous yeast have been demonstrated, including a high lipid output, resemblance of the lipids to vegetable oils, and a low land demand. Oleaginous yeasts, which can accumulate more than 20% of dry cell weight in lipids, are among the finest microbiological possibilities capable of generating lipids in high concentrations and with the proper properties. Several oleaginous yeast species are capable of degrading up to 90% of COD in wastewater. This paper aims to give a general overview of producing biodiesel from oleaginous yeast using wastewater as a substrate source. In addition, to discussing the technical aspects of producing biodiesel from oleaginous yeasts, the paper also discusses the economic feature of biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts.
Diversity of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) at vegetated habitats in Aul Tungganai Meliponiculture of Lubuk Minturun, Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Herwina H , Urrahmah Z S , Mairawita  , Yaherwandi  , Nurdin J , Janra M N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The diversity of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in Lubuk Minturun, Koto Tangah, Padang, West Sumatra had been investigated from November 2021 to October 2022. This study aimed to determine species and the diversity of stingless bees at the vegetated habitats (i.e., anthropogenic area, forest edge, and forested area) surrounding Aul Tungganai Meliponiculture in Lubuk Minturun. Data collection was performed three times and at three sites that represented each type of vegetated habitats. The stingless bees were sampled using hand insect net and baited traps. A total of six stingless bee species from four genera were recorded from the vegetated areas during the study. Genera Lepidotrigona and Tetragonula were observed with two species, while Geniotrigona and Heterotrigona were only represented by a single species, respectively. The result showed that stingless bee diversity at study site was low (H’ = 1.07), while their distribution across study sites was moderately similar (E = 0.66).
Determinants of income in smallholder buffalo farms in Sijunjung, West Sumatra
Authors: Indrayani I , Rias MI , Fauziah S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As part of the agricultural sector, people in the Sijunjung district also make the livestock subsector part of the family’s economic source, where the type of livestock that has been cultivated for a long time is buffalo. Sijunjung is one of the areas in the Sijunjung district which has the potential to develop buffalo farms because it has the highest livestock population. This study aims to determine the model of buffalo livestock raising, and the income of buffalo farmers in Sijunjung District and to analyze the factors that affect the income of buffalo farming in Sijunjung District. This research method uses a survey method by interviewing 35 respondents. Data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis methods and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmers (40%) had buffalo in the range of 1-5 heads. Buffalo livestock farming is only used as a side business, where only 17.1% make buffalo farming their main business. Furthermore, the status of livestock ownership in general (65.7%) is a profit-sharing system that in West Sumatra is known as seduaan. The buffalo-rearing system is semi-intensive. The average income of farmers from buffalo farming for one year is Rp. 8,618,669, -. The factor of farm scale, age of the farmer, and the number of calves showed a significant effect on the income of the buffalo farming, while the factors of the number of buffaloes, education, experience, and fixed costs did not significantly affect the income of the buffalo farming.
The Application of Eggshell and Fruit Peels as Soil Amendment on The Growth Performance and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ma’mor A S , Wahida N H , Nur Firdaus A R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Organic materials from processed crops and animals can be applied to enhance soil fertility. Kitchen waste such as eggshell and fruit peels contained macro and micronutrient that are essential for plant growth and development. This research focuses on investigating the effects of eggshell powder and fruit peel as a soil amendment on the growth performance and yield of maize. Ground eggshell and different fruit peels such as banana, orange and pomegranate were mixed to produce a soil amendment. The experiment consists of four treatments; T1 (control), T2 (eggshell powder), T3 (fruit peels) and T4 (eggshell powder + fruit peels) with three replications arranged in RCBD. The overall growth performance increased throughout the planting period. The highest maize yield was recorded in T4 at 452.15 g. The soil pH in T3 and T4 increased from slightly acidic to neutral in the range of pH 7.44 to 7.51. This results from the high calcium content in the eggshell and phosphorus as well as potassium content in the fruit peels. This study proves that the eggshell and fruit peel can be feasibly used as a soil amendment and pH regular for improving and sustaining soil nutrient level thus fertility.
Effect Of NPK Green Mix with Different Type of Manure on Spinach Growth and Yield
Authors: Alif A A A H , Amira H N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a popular commercial crop that is used both fresh and after processing. In terms of nutrition, spinach is high in minerals and vitamins, particularly ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Lack of nutrients in the plant may be a big issue in spinach cultivation, while temperature, water, and sunshine also play a part in plant growth and can impact plant growth and production. The focus of this research was to determine the effect of NPK green mix with various types of manure on spinach growth and yield quality. The spinach was given 3 different treatments, T0 as a control, NPK green mix with chicken manure T1, NPK green mix with cow manure T2, and NPK green mix with rabbit manure T3. The result from this study shows significant different of fresh weight with value 226 g for treatment 3. For chlorophyll content, height of plant and number of leaves the result show such a not significant difference between all this parameter. In this research, also faced a problem by pest the attack of pest give impact on my yield. For the conclusion is mix NPK green with rabbit manure is very recommended for increasing the weight and yield of spinach.
Roasting conditions on metabolic profile of black honey arabica coffee (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Syukri D , Sari F I P , Rini  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A post-harvest preparation for coffee is black honey process. The post-harvest procedure of roasting affects the flavor and aroma of coffee. This study aimed to examine the color, caffeine content, water content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, analysis of fatty acid content, and cupping test of black honey arabica coffee that treated under different roasting condition. The analytical observation on color, caffeine content, water content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, fatty acid was conducted and sensory analysis was applied for cupping test. The findings showed that the differences in roasting techniques have a significant influence at the 5% level on the color, moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, and fat content of black honey arabica coffee but have no significant impact on the protein content. According to the findings of the cupping test, the best roasting technique was a medium roast. The roasting process under medium roast conditions was known to give the attributes of a brown color due to the Maillard reaction, a specific aroma possibly coming from caramel, citrus, cassia vera and honey, a specific sour taste and a long after taste. The medium roast process has a specific fatty acid profile consisting of myristic acid, palmitic acid and elaidic acid. These characters were the characteristic determinant of the taste produced by Arabica coffee which is processed using black honey post-harvest techniques and roasted with medium conditions.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Piper betle leaf extracts against pathogen of soft rot disease
Authors: Noorshilawati A A , Nurul Asyiqin A H B , Nur Suraya A , Aiza H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Soft rot disease commonly occurs in vegetables and fruits. Water-soaked lesions and bad odour are among the symptoms of soft rot disease. Crop production and quality are reduced due to the infection, which causes greater losses. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Piper betle leaves against a pathogen that causes soft rot diseases. Hexane, chloroform, and methanol were used as extraction solvents, and each extract was prepared with a different concentration (50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/ml). Each piper betle extract has been shown to inhibit the pathogen responsible for soft rot disease. Piper betle hexane extracts show a better inhibition zone compared to chloroform and methanol extracts. The inhibition zones of Piper betle hexane extracts are 6.5 mm (50 mg/ml), 16 mm (100 mg/ml), 18.5 mm (500 mg/ml), 20.5 mm (1,000 mg/ml), and 11.17 mm (1,500 mg/ml). At 1,000 mg/mL, the inhibition zone of Piper betle hexane extract is 20.5 mm, chloroform is 15.5 mm, and methanol is 16.5 mm. At a concentration of 1,500 mg/ml, the inhibition zone for the three extractions decreases. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of Piper betle leaves as a natural antimicrobial agent.
The effect of cooking treatments and dumbo catfish (clarias gariepinus) bone flour addition on the characteristics and sensory evaluation of “geblek” kulon progo
Authors: Ismiana T , Setiyoko A , Slamet A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Geblek is one of the traditional foods from Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine how cooking methods and the addition of dumbo catfish bone flour affect the calcium and phosphorus content, sensory assessment, and chemical qualities of a specific Geblek product. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the test design. Steamed and presto cooking methods were used. The incorporation of dumbo catfish bone flour as follows (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The criteria measured were calcium and phosphorus contents, water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate and also the sensory assessment examined. The results indicated that the best quality of geblek was created using the steamed cooking technique and the inclusion of dumbo catfish bone flour at 10% concentration. The characteristics of geblek are as follows water content 33.82% w/w, ash content 5.50% w/w, protein content 4.45% w/w, fat content 8.12% w/w, carbohydrate content by different 48.19% w/w, calcium content 5.52%, phosphorus content 6.47% and accepted by panellists. It can be used as an alternative of dietary intake that can satisfy all of our nutritional demands.
Sensory analysis of fruit leather from the combination of pedada fruit and api-api fruit as natural dyes
Authors: Hamzah F H , Herawati N , Yunita I , Sriwulandari A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fruit leather is a product made from processed fruit shaped like a thin sheet. This study aimed to determine the panelist’s preference for fruit leather produced from a combination of pedada fruit and api-api fruit. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three repetitions. The treatment formula is PA1 (Pedada fruit 90%: Api-api fruit 10%), PA2 (Pedada fruit 80%: Api-api fruit 20%), PA3 (Pedada fruit 70%: Api-api fruit 30%), PA4 (Pedada fruit 60%: Api-api fruit 40%) and PA5 (Pedada fruit 50%: Api-api fruit 50%). The results of the sensory evaluation of the fruit leather that was tested for the panelists was that the fruit leather type that the panelists liked the most was PA3 with a value of 4.01 (favorite) is a fruit leather with a slightly green color, has a distinctive aroma of pedada fruit and api-api fruit, slightly sweet and sour taste, and a slightly chewy texture.
The characteristics of rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) functional drink addition with red ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract
Authors: Yenrina R , Anggraini T , Effendi M A B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the addition of red ginger extract to rosella flower extract on the chemical, physical and organoleptic characteristics of the functional drink produced. The design used in this study was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment on this research is addition of ginger red extract on rosella flower extract by mixing of rosella flowers extract and ginger red extract at level A (100% : 0%), B (95%: 5%), C (90%: 10%), D (85%: 15%), E (80%: 20%). The research data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncans’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at level real 5%. The results showed that the addition of ginger red extracts had a significant effect on color, total dissolved solids content, vitamin C content, pH value, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content and organoleptic test on aroma and taste of functional drink of rosella flower extract. But no significant on the color of organoleptic test.
The characterization and sensory assessment of fruit leather with a combination of puree jicama and pineapple
Authors: Riftyan E , Ivoni M C , Yusmarini  , Pato U , Johan V S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fruit leathers are dehydrated fruit, thin and sheet, with intense fruit flavor, made from pureed fruits as snacks or desserts. This study aimed to obtain the optimum ratio puree of jicama and pineapple in the production of fruit leather. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications to obtain 15 experimental units. The treatments in this study were the ratio of puree jicama and pineapple, namely BN1 (100:0), BN2 (90:10), BN3 (80:20), BN4 (70:30), BN5 (60:40). Parameters observed included moisture content, ash, degree of acidity (pH), crude fiber, and sensory assessment (descriptive and hedonic). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Duncan New Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The results showed significant moisture content, ash content, degree of acidity (pH), crude fiber, and sensory assessment. The best treatment in this study was BN5 which had 10.84% moisture content, 0.31% ash content, 4.01 acidity (pH) value, and 1.50% crude fiber content. The best treatment’s descriptive test results of the fruit leather have a very yellow color, flavorful pineapple fruit, and sour and slightly chewy texture. The panelists favoured the overall assessment.
Physicochemical characteristic of effervesence tablet from red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Authors: Yanti H F , Violalita F , Evawati  , Fahmy K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study aims to obtain the best formulation for the production of effervescent tablets made from red ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, lemongrass, and sappan wood, as well as to determine their physicochemical characteristics. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) monofactorial using a concentration of effervescent mix (citric acid, tartaric acid, and Natrium Bicarbonate) 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% of 200 g effervescent mix. The results showed that the water content in herbs effervescent tablets ranged from 1.79 – 2.19%. The highest levels of phenols and flavonoids were found in the E1 treatment, namely 932.37 mg/g GAE and 159.96 µg/g QE. The weight uniformity of the effervescent tablets ranged from 9-10.63 g. The solubility of herbs effervescent tablets in water ranges from 8.2-12.3 minutes. The hardness of herbs effervescent tablets ranges from 300-430 N/cm2. The brightest herbs effervescent tablet was treatment E3, while the reddest and yellowest color was treatment E1. Based on sensory analysis, the preferred color and taste is E1.
Prediction of K-Means Multivariable Rice Production Center Pattern
Authors: Azrifirwan  , Rafi Pratama Yosefanny M. , Santosa  , Andasuryani  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
West Sumatra is one of the provinces that have the potential to be used as a rice production center in Indonesia. However, the determination of local production centers is still justified based on conventional methods. This study aims to obtain historical data on rice production center variables, process data using the K-Means algorithm (RStudio), and justify rice production center areas in West Sumatra in a given year based on the acquisition of recommendation values (centroids). The results showed that in 2010-2020, the best number of clusters (elbow graph) was K=3. The highest recommendation value of the final centroid lies in centroid 3 so 8 recommendations for districts that are the center of rice production are obtained, including Padang Pariaman Regency, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Tanah Datar Regency, Agam Regency, Solok Regency, Fifty Cities Regency, Pasaman Regency, and South Solok Regency. Furthermore, of the eight districts included in the Governor’s Decree no. 525-757-2021 concerning the determination of food areas. Based on the 2019 irrigation network performance index as a decision-supporting variable, the highest index value reached the Batang Surantih irrigation area, Pesisir Selatan Regency, with an index value of 15 (100%).
Ionothermal synthesis of activated carbon from waste pet bottles for dye waste water treatment
Authors: Onwucha C.N. , Owolabi H. O. , Talabi J.O. , Ajayi S.O. , Ehi-Eromosele C.O. , Ajanaku K.O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The production and use of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in packaging have increased significantly. Thus, PET bottles have become a significant plastic waste with environmental problems. Currently, the conventional methods for producing activated carbons (ACs) from waste PET are unsustainable, complex, and unfeasible. As a result, ionothermal synthesis (IS) of waste PET bottles impregnated with choline chloride-urea (CU) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was carried out in order to prepare ACs. The obtained ACs were characterized using XRD, CHNS Elemental analysis and FTIR. The as-prepared ACs were effective as adsorbents for dye adsorption from dye waste water. Specifically, the AC obtained from pristine waste PET bottles (956 mgg−1 at 100 ppm) displayed higher adsorptive capacity compared to the ACs obtained from CU-DES impregnated PET flakes (550mgg−1 at 100ppm). Even though it was expected that the use of CU-DES required no post-synthesis washing or higher temperature treatments might be required to improve the adsorptive capacity of the ACs obtained from IS.This research work established that the synthesis of AC from abundant waste PET bottles using a sustainable and facile method could facilitate its commercial application. Also, this work represents the first attempt to produce activated carbons from PET using low temperature annealing in the presence of limited air, instead of the usual pyrolysis.
Assessing the Performance of a Blackbody Solar Dryer
Authors: Okeniyi P.O. , Akinyemi M.L. , Abodunrin T.J. , Ayara W.A. , Obatare M.I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
About 33.3% of global food production is lost to spoilage every year. At current rates, that amount is adequate for feeding an average of 300 million people around the world. This huge loss can be decimated to 13.17% if food spoilage is avoided or managed better. One technique for minimizing food waste is solar drying. West Africa and locations around the equatorial plane are described by average daily insolation of about 4-6 kWhm−2. In effect, this energy source could be applied to curb the problem of food spoilage and wastage. Another side attraction of drying with solar is that, it offers year-round availability of food crops. In this study, solar drying is investigated with the principle of blackbody radiation using an electronic data logger coupled with the Arduino Uno, SD Card Module, DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor, SD Card, and Connecting wires to record temperature and humidity data. The output was 56.3°C and 46.8°C for the upper and lower limit of temperature respectively, yielding an average difference of about 10°C. The interaction of sensible blackbody radiation within a four-tier rock bed was crafted into a novel solar dryer design. With this relatively high-temperature gradient between the upper and lower, a blackbody solar dryer constructed was suitable to preserve the both quality and shelf life of agricultural produce.