bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the transportability of clinical prediction models for cognitive impairment using causal models
Authors: Fehr Jana , Piccininni Marco , Kurth Tobias , Konigorski Stefan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Machine learning models promise to support diagnostic predictions, but may not perform well in new settings. Selecting the best model for a new setting without available data is challenging. We aimed to investigate the transportability by calibration and discrimination of prediction models for cognitive impairment in simulated external settings with different distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods
We mapped and quantified relationships between variables associated with cognitive impairment using causal graphs, structural equation models, and data from the ADNI study. These estimates were then used to generate datasets and evaluate prediction models with different sets of predictors. We measured transportability to external settings under guided interventions on age, APOE ε4, and tau-protein, using performance differences between internal and external settings measured by calibration metrics and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).

Results
Calibration differences indicated that models predicting with causes of the outcome were more transportable than those predicting with consequences. AUC differences indicated inconsistent trends of transportability between the different external settings. Models predicting with consequences tended to show higher AUC in the external settings compared to internal settings, while models predicting with parents or all variables showed similar AUC.

Conclusions
We demonstrated with a practical prediction task example that predicting with causes of the outcome results in better transportability compared to anti-causal predictions when considering calibration differences. We conclude that calibration performance is crucial when assessing model transportability to external settings.
The global prevalence of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shirani Maryam , Pakzad Reza , Haddadi Mohammad Hossein , Akrami Sousan , Asadi Arezoo , Kazemian Hossein , Moradi Melika , Kaviar Vahab Hassan , Zomorodi Abolfazl Rafati , Khoshnood Saeed , Shafieian Mahnaz , Tavasolian Ronia , Heidary Mohsen , Saki Morteza 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori is a gastrointestinal pathogen that infects around half of the world's population. H. pylori infection is the most severe known risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), which is the second highest cause of cancer-related deaths globally. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of GC in H. pylori-infected individuals.

Methods
We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies of the prevalence of GC in H. pylori-infected individuals published from 1 January 2011 to 20 April 2021. Metaprop package were used to calculate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval. Random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence. We also quantified it with the I2 index. Based on the Higgins classification approach, I2 values above 0.7 were determined as high heterogeneity.

Results
Among 17,438 reports screened, we assessed 1053 full-text articles for eligibility; 149 were included in the final analysis, comprising data from 32 countries. The highest and lowest prevalence was observed in America (pooled prevalence: 18.06%; 95% CI: 16.48 − 19.63; I2: 98.84%) and Africa (pooled prevalence: 9.52%; 95% CI: 5.92 − 13.12; I2: 88.39%). Among individual countries, Japan had the highest pooled prevalence of GC in H. pylori positive patients (Prevalence: 90.90%:95% CI: 83.61–95.14), whereas Sweden had the lowest prevalence (Prevalence: 0.07%; 95% CI: 0.06–0.09). The highest and lowest prevalence was observed in prospective case series (pooled prevalence: 23.13%; 95% CI: 20.41 − 25.85; I2: 97.70%) and retrospective cohort (pooled prevalence: 1.17%; 95% CI: 0.55 − 1.78; I 2: 0.10%).

Conclusions
H. pylori infection in GC patients varied between regions in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We observed that large amounts of GCs in developed countries are associated with H. pylori. Using these data, regional initiatives can be taken to prevent and eradicate H. pylori worldwide, thus reducing its complications.
Defining the scope of extended NIPS in Western China: evidence from a large cohort of fetuses with normal ultrasound scans
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Li , Zeng Yang , Yin Daishu , Tang Feng , Xie Dan , Zhu Hongmei , Liu Hongqian , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Standard noninvasive prenatal screening(NIPS) is an accurate and reliable method to screen for common chromosome aneuploidies, such as trisomy 21, 18 and 13. Extended NIPS has been used in clinic for not only aneuploidies but also copy number variants(CNVs). Here we aim to define the range of chromosomal abnormalities that should be able to identify by NIPS in order to be an efficient extended screening test for chromosomal abnormalities.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted, involving pregnant women without fetal sonographic structural abnormalities who underwent amniocentesis. Prenatal samples were analyzed using copy number variation sequencing(CNV-seq) to identify fetal chromosomal abnormalities.

Results
Of 28,469 pregnancies included 1,022 (3.59%) were identified with clinically significant fetal chromosome abnormalities, including 587 aneuploidies (2.06%) and 435 (1.53%) pathogenic (P) / likely pathogenic (LP) CNVs. P/LP CNVs were found in all chromosomes, but the distribution was not uniform. Among them, P/LP CNVs in chromosomes 16, 22, and X exhibited the highest frequencies. In addition, P/LP CNVs were most common on distal ends of the chromosomes and in low copy repeat regions. Recurrent microdeletion/microduplication syndromes (MMS) accounted for 40.69% of total P/LP CNVs. The size of most P/LP CNVs (77.47%) was < 3 Mb.

Conclusions
In addition to aneuploidies, the scope of extended NIPS should include the currently known P/LP CNVs, especially the regions with recurrent MMS loci, distal ends of the chromosomes, and low copy repeat regions. To be effective detection should include CNVs of < 3 Mb. Meanwhile, sufficient preclinical validation is still needed to ensure the clinical effect of extended NIPS.
Characteristics and risk factors for colorectal polyps among children in an urban area of Wenzhou, China: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Fang Lingjuan , Huang Kaiyu , Pan Tongtong , Lu Huajun , Yan Xiumei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Scarce evidence exists on pediatric colorectal polyp risk factors. This study explored the clinical manifestations, morphological and pathological characteristics of, and risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps.

Methods
This retrospective case-control study included children who received colonoscopy, divided into a colorectal polyp group and a normal control group based on colonoscopy results. The risk factors for colorectal polyps in children were analyzed through logistic regression analysis.

Results
The mean age of children with polyps was 6.77 ± 3.44 years. Polyps were detected predominantly in males (72.9%); hematochezia was the primary clinical manifestation (80.25%). Most polyps were juvenile (88.9%) and solitary (87.7%); 50.6% were located in the rectosigmoid area. Univariate analysis showed that gender (P = 0.037), age (P < 0.001), family aggregation (P < 0.001), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) (P < 0.001), platelet count (P = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.016), meat intake (P = 0.010), and vegetable intake (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with colorectal polyps. Age ≤ 6 years (3–6 years: OR: 26.601, 95% CI: 3.761–160.910; < 3 years: OR: 22.678, 95% CI: 1.873–274.535), positive family aggregation (OR: 3.540, 95% CI: 1.177–10.643), positive sIgE (OR:2.263, 95% CI: 1.076–4.761), and higher meat intake (OR:1.046, 95% CI: 1.029–1.063) were risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps in logistic regression analysis. Higher vegetable intake (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.986–1.000) was a protective factor against pediatric colorectal polyps. The area under the curve (AUC) of meat intake in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for predicting colorectal polyps was 0.607; the best cut-off value was 92.14 g/d (P = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.527–0.687). The meat and vegetable intake combination AUC in predicting pediatric colorectal polyps was 0.781 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.718–0.845).

Conclusions
Juvenile, solitary, and located in the rectosigmoid region polyps are most common in children. Hematochezia is the main clinical manifestation. Most polyps were, but multiple and proximally located polyps were also detected. Age ≤ 6 years, especially 3–6 years, positive family aggregation, positive sIgE, and higher meat intake are risk factors for pediatric colorectal polyps. A higher vegetable intake is a protective factor.
A developmental formative evaluation of a pilot participatory music program for veterans with housing insecurity
Authors: Wasmuth Sally , Rattray Nicholas A. , Cheng Phillip , Crow Shannon , Myers Jennifer , Burns Debra S. , Myers Laura J. , Hook Brittany , Lustig Anne , Perkins Anthony J. , Cheatham Ariel J. , Bravata Dawn M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Interventions are needed to improve well-being and promote community reintegration among Veterans with housing insecurity. The objective was to conduct a developmental formative evaluation of a participatory music program.

Methods
This single-site, pilot study implemented a participatory music program at a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Homeless Domiciliary that included one-hour sessions (group music instruction and ensemble playing), 3 times per week for 3 months. Intervention development was guided by the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). Evaluation was guided by the MOHO and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Evaluation (CFIR). Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews from participants and non-participants, and were analyzed using an interdisciplinary, constant comparison qualitative analysis technique.

Results
Sixteen program participants and 8 non-participants were enrolled, age range 26–59 (mean 41; standard deviation, 11) years; 75% were White. The sample for this study (N = 12) included five participants and seven non-participants. Semi-structured interview responses produced three salient themes illuminating Veterans’ perspectives: (1) key characteristics of the intervention (the relative advantage of the participatory program over other problem-focused programs; the importance of a supportive, encouraging teaching; the group setting; the role of music); (2) the therapeutic power of the program (based on it being enjoyable; and serving as an escape from preoccupations); and (3) the context and culture (which included Veterans supporting each other and the Domiciliary setting).

Conclusions
Veterans described the benefits of a participatory music intervention compared to problem-based groups, which included enjoyment, skill acquisition facilitating pride, escape, reconnecting with their identity prior to current problems, and experiencing positive aspects of Veteran culture such as mutual support and discipline. These data support ongoing research about participatory music programs to support Veterans with housing insecurity.

Graphical Abstract
Geo-spatial high-risk clusters of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review
Authors: Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Rosa Rander Junior , Tavares Reginaldo Bazon Vaz , Berra Thais Zamboni , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis (TB) high-risk among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis.MethodsThe studies included were those published in English, from original research, presented findings relevant to tuberculosis high-risk across the globe, published between 2017 and 2023, and were based on geospatial analysis of TB. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and were blinded to each other`s comments. The resultant disagreement was resolved by a third blinded reviewer. For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated were used. The searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. and Google Scholar.ResultsA total of 79 published articles with a 40-year study period between 1982 and 2022 were evaluated. Based on the 79 studies, more than 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB were from Asia, followed by South America with 23%, Africa had about 15%, and others with 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the high-risk and the factors that affect the hotspot’s location are evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate-related clustering (15%), high-risk spread to neighbouring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%).ConclusionThere exist specific high-risk for TB which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policymakers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis be carried out to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.
Determination of different social groups’ level of knowledge about malaria in a multicultural Amazonian cross-border context
Authors: Gaillet Mélanie , Musset Lise , Cropet Claire , Djossou Félix , Mallard Adeline , Odonne Guillaume , Davy Damien , Douine Maylis , Epelboin Loic , Lazrek Yassamine , Mathieu Luana , Nacher Mathieu , Mosnier Emilie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A steady decline in the number of cases of malaria was observed in the 2000s in French Guiana. This enabled regional health policies to shift their public health goal from control to elimination. To include inhabitants in this strategy, the main objective of this study was to describe knowledge about malaria, and related attitudes and practices in persons living in the French Guiana border.

Methods
We conducted a survey in people over 15 years old living in the twelve neighbourhoods of Saint-Georges de l’Oyapock with the highest malaria incidence. It comprised a 147-item questionnaire which collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and included a Knowledge Attitude and Practices survey on malaria. Knowledge-related data were studied using exploratory statistical methods to derive summary variables. A binary variable assessing level of knowledge was proposed and then assessed using exploratory approaches.

Results
The mean age of the 844 participants was 37.2 years [15.8], the male/female sex ratio was 0.8. In terms of nationality, 485 (57.5%) participants were Brazilian and 352 (41.7%) French. One third (305, 36.1%) spoke Brazilian Portuguese as their native language, 295 (34.9%) the Amerindian language Palikur, 36 (4.3%) French. The symptoms of malaria and prevention means were poorly known by 213 (25.2%) and 378 (44.8%) respondents, respectively. A quarter (206, 24.4%) did not know that malaria can be fatal. Overall, 251 people (29.7%) had an overall poor level of knowledge about malaria. Being under 25 years old, living in a native Amerindian neighbourhood, having an Amerindian mother tongue language, having risk behaviours related to gold mining were significantly associated with a poor level of knowledge.

Conclusions
This study is the first to describe the poor level of knowledge about malaria in populations living in the malaria endemic border area along the Oyapock river in French Guiana. Results will allow to reinforce, to diversify and to culturally adapt prevention messages and health promotion to increase their effectiveness with a view to quickly reaching the goal of malaria elimination through empowerment.
Obstructive sleep apnea: a follow-up program in its relation to temporomandibular joint disorder, sleep bruxism and orofacial pain
Authors: Ning Ruoyu , Chen Junjie , Lu Yanqin , Guo Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology, tooth wear condition, orofacial pain through a follow-up program.Materials and methodsSeventy one OSA patients were divided into three groups according to their (apnea hypopnea index) AHI: mild group (n = 23), moderate group (n = 24), and severe group (n = 24). All patients had OSA therapies around six months after confirm the diagnosis of OSA. The tooth wear score and orofacial pain condition of all patients were recorded via clinical examination. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were also taken when confirm the diagnosis of OSA (T0), 6 months after the diagnosis (T1), and 6 months after the OSA treatment (T2). Parameters indicating the condylar morphology and joint space were evaluated. The differences of clinical symptoms and TMJ conditions amongT0, T1andT2time point were detected in the three groups respectively. The changes inT1-T0andT2-T1of all descriptions among three groups were also compared.The correlations between AHI and clinical symptoms were detected with Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsIn mild group, there was no difference in all clinical symptoms and TMJ morphology among the three time points. Both in moderate and severe group, the condylar volume, superficial area, wear score, visual analogue scales (VAS), and R value (indicating condyle position) displayed significant differences among the three time points (P < 0.05). FromT0toT1, mild group displayed fewer decreases in the condylar volume and superficial area and fewer increases in wear score than that in moderate and severe group (P < 0.05). FromT1toT2,there was a greatest reduction in severe group for R value, and significant difference in the description of VAS and R value were found among the three groups. AHI was negatively correlated condylar volume and condylar superficial area, and was positively correlated with tooth wear score and VAS (P < 0.05).ConclusionModerate to severe OSA will aggravate orofacial pain and tooth wear, affect TMJ volume and superficial area, even change the location of condyles. Appropriate OSA therapies may be effective ways to alleviate these adverse effects in long-term.
The effect of nanobased irrigants on the root canal dentin microhardness: an ex-vivo study
Authors: Sahebi Safoora , Mofidi Hossein , Abbaszadegan Abbas , Gholami Ahmad , Eskandari Fateme 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Given the favorable antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide (ZnONPs), standard silver (AgNPs), and imidazolium-based silver (Im-AgNPs) nanoparticles, this study aimed to evaluate their influence on the microhardness of root canal dentin.

Methods
In this experimental study, 40 mandibular premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and longitudinally sectioned into halves to create 80 specimens. They were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 16) and irrigated with ZnONPs, AgNPs, Im-AgNPs, NaOCl, or normal saline (as the negative control) for 15 min. The Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) was measured on each root canal third before and after being soaked in irrigants. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results
Im-AgNPs and ZnONPs irrigants improved the microhardness of root dentin, whereas, AgNPs and NaOCl decreased it. ZnONPs yielded the highest VHN at the coronal third (P˂0.001), while the Im-AgNPs provided the highest VHN at the middle and apical thirds (P˂0.001). The AgNPs group showed the lowest VHN at the apical third.

Conclusions
The irrigants containing Im-AgNPs and ZnONPs significantly enhanced the root dentin microhardness. However, the use of AgNPs resulted in decreased microhardness.
Effects of thickness and polishing treatment on the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials: an in vitro study
Authors: Wu Zhengda , Tian Jiehua , Wei Donghao , Zhang Yifan , Lin Ye , Di Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials for prosthetic is gaining popularity in dentistry. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of thickness and roughening treatment on the optical properties of contemporary CAD-CAM restorative materials. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM materials in response to different thicknesses and roughening treatments.

Methods
Six dental CAD-CAM materials, lithium disilicate glass–ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VE), resin-nano ceramic glass–ceramic (LAVA Ultimate, LU), polymethyl methacrylate (Telio CAD, TE), and two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD), in shade A2 were prepared as 12 × 12mm2 specimens of four thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm) (N = 240, n = 10). After three different treatments (polished, roughened by SiC P800-grit, and SiC P300-grit), the translucency parameter (TP00) and opalescence parameter (OP) were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The surface roughness was analyzed with a shape measurement laser microscope. The data were analyzed using a MANOVA, post hoc Tukey–Kramer test, the t test, and regression analysis (α = .05).

Results
The TP00 and OP were significantly influenced by material type, thickness and roughening treatment (P < .05). TP00 showed a continues decline with increasing thicknesses, while the variations of OP were material-dependent. TP00 ranged from 37.80 (LS in 0.5mm) to 5.66 (VS in 2.0mm), and OP ranged from 5.66 (LU in 0.5mm) to 9.55 (VS in 0.5mm). The variations in TP00 of all materials between adjacent thicknesses ranged from 2.10 to 15.29, exceeding the acceptable translucency threshold except for LU. Quadratic and logarithmic regression curves exhibited the best fit for TP00 among the materials. Compared to polished specimens, rougher specimens exhibited lower TP00 and higher OP in all materials except for LS (P < 0.05). Roughening with P300-grit decreased TP00 and OP by an average of 2.59 and 0.43 for 0.5mm specimens, and 1.26 and 0.25 for 2.0mm specimens, respectively.

Conclusions
Variations in translucency caused by thickness and roughening treatment were perceptible and may be clinically unacceptable. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of CAD-CAM materials based on their distinct optical properties.