bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanobacteria using urea as a nitrogen source can overcome acid stress
Authors: Li Shuang-Qing , Huang Hai-Long , Sun Tao-Ran , Gao Hua-Yang , Wang Xin-Wei , Fu Fei-Xue , Hutchins David A. , Jiang Hai-Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCyanobacteria play essential roles in marine primary productivity and the global carbon/nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. Increasing urea emissions and decreasing pH value in the ocean caused by human activities are changing the community structure and competitive interactions of marine phytoplankton, which will have a profound impact on the marine ecosystem and global biogeochemical cycle. Here, we report that a coastalSynechococcusstrain exhibited better adaptability to extreme low pH conditions when it uses urea as nitrogen source compared to using other inorganic nitrogen. Very low pH values can also alleviate damage by high concentrations of urea to cyanobacteria. Urease plays an essential role in this process.Synechococcusmutants with inactivated urease cannot adapt well to highly acidic environments, while heterologous expression of urease homologs from acidophilicHelicobacter pylorican help the cyanobacterial mutants to restore their adaptability to acidification. A TARA Oceans database analysis indicates that the distribution of cyanobacteria with the urease gene is closely related to estuaries and nearshore waters with potentially high urea inputs. In summary, we report for the first time that the use of urea and adaptation to acid stress are highly interactive in marine phytoplankton. Future work should determine whether this interaction is likely to allow phytoplankton that utilize urea to have a competitive advantage in the future ocean with high urea emissions and environmentally relevant pH scenarios.
Novel mRNA-based VP8* vaccines against rotavirus are highly immunogenic in rodents
Authors: Roier Sandro , Prasad Vidya Mangala , McNeal Monica M. , Lee Kelly K. , Petsch Benjamin , Rauch Susanne 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTDespite the availability of live-attenuated oral vaccines, rotavirus remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. Due to the growing demand for parenteral rotavirus vaccines, we developed novel mRNA-based vaccine candidates targeting the viral spike protein VP8*. Our monomeric P2 (universal T cell epitope)-VP8* mRNA design is equivalent to a protein vaccine currently in clinical development, while LS (lumazine synthase)-P2-VP8* was designed to form nanoparticles. Cyro-electron microscopy and western blotting-based data presented here suggest that proteins derived from LS-P2-VP8* mRNA are secretedin vitroand self-assemble into 60-mer nanoparticles displaying VP8*. mRNA encoded VP8* was immunogenic in rodents and introduced both humoral and cellular responses. LS-P2-VP8* induced superior humoral responses to P2-VP8* in guinea pigs, both as monovalent and trivalent vaccines, with encouraging responses detected against the most prevalent P genotypes. Overall, our data provide evidence that trivalent LS-P2-VP8* represents a promising mRNA-based next-generation rotavirus vaccine candidate.
Does executive accountability enhance risk management and risk culture?
Authors: Sheedy Elizabeth , Canestrari‐Soh Dominic S. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe evaluate a novel regulation designed to address ongoing risk management failures: Australia's Banking Executive Accountability Regime (BEAR). This mixed methods study draws on a survey and 41 interviews with accountable persons and their reports across 15 organisations. Consistent with theory and previous experimental research, the study demonstrates the benefits of enhanced accountability for promoting more diligent ‘system 2’ behaviour. We provide evidence that BEAR promotes greater felt accountability among senior executives which in turn stimulates more proactive and diligent risk management behaviour. This behaviour has the potential to attenuate many of the behavioural biases associated with risk management failures.
The nonlocal thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model for cracking behaviors of quasi‐brittle materials in the framework of advanced general particle dynamics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Yao Wuwen , Du Erbao , Bi Jing , Berto Filippo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel nonlocal thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupling model is proposed to investigate cracking behaviors of quasi‐brittle materials in the framework of advanced general particle dynamics (GPD). The nonlocal thermal conduction equation and the nonlocal flow diffusion equation are derived based on nonlocal vector calculus and the microscopic constitutive equation. Moreover, the coupling influences are considered based on the nonlocal equation and the coupling principle. The governing equation of the coupling system is established in the framework of GPD. The correctness of the proposed model is verified through comparing with the corresponding experimental data, and the numerical results are in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the proposed model is applied to analyze the deformation and cracking behaviors of rock mass around tunnels, and the stress redistribution is revealed under thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupling condition.
Infection strategies of different chytrids in a diatom spring bloom
Authors: Sassenhagen Ingrid , Langenheder Silke , Lindström Eva S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Diatom blooms are often accompanied by an increase in parasitic chytrids that kill the host cells, which they are infecting, and can contribute to the decline of the bloom. However, host specificity and range of these chytrids are currently poorly understood.

Low host specificity would enable the parasites to opportunistically infect any diatom species, while specialisation on infecting specific high‐biomass species could result in high prevalence and rapid spread of infection.

We investigated such host–parasite interactions by monitoring the diverse diatom spring bloom in lake Erken using amplicon sequencing. We also performed infection experiments with two different, newly isolated chytrid species and several diatom cultures from the bloom.

Chytridiomycota displayed the highest relative abundance of all parasitic lineages and were probably physically attached to larger organisms. Since the chytrids reached maximum abundance shortly after a peak in diatom reads, they were probably infecting these important primary producers.

Phylogenetic analyses of the isolated chytrid strains identified them as members of the classes Rhizophydiales and Lobulomycetales. The infection experiments revealed high host specificity in these two chytrids targeting different diatom species. The experimental results supported statistical analyses of the environmental sequencing data, which suggested the presence of two different infection strategies: the most abundant chytrid species were specialised on infecting dominant diatom genera (i.e. Stephanodiscus, Aulacoseira, Asterionella), while rarer chytid species infected a range of less abundant diatoms.
Evaluation of 316L stainless mill additives on microstructure and alkali corrosive behavior of enamel coatings
Authors: Hong Hao , Li Wensheng , Li Cuixia , Zhang Ting , Zhang Chunzhi , Yatsenko Elena , Sun Jinquan , Tang Shang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExcellent chemical stability, good corrosion resistance, and compositional controllability make vitrified enamel promising coating materials. The corrosion resistance of the [–Si–O–]/[–Si–O–Al–]‐based enamel coatings decreases in alkaline environments, whereas can be improved by incorporating metal oxides, such as ZrO2 and SnO2. The introduction of these oxides results in an increase in the sintering temperature and a decrease in the toughness of the coatings. It was observed that the corrosion resistance of the coatings in an alkaline medium could be improved using metal powder‐based additives without increasing the sintering temperature and affecting the mechanical properties of the coatings. We used powdered 316L stainless steel as the mill additive, and the effects of this additive on the structure and alkali corrosion resistance of the vitrified enamel coatings were studied. Results indicate that the addition of an appropriate quantity of the additive (4 wt.%) improves the extent of gas consumption during the enamel sintering, decreases the degree of porosity and the size of the pores. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the skeleton formed between the pores could be improved, because blocklike corrosion products are not peeled off, which increases the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The corrosion products, such as Ca‐based compounds, block the corrosion holes, resulting in a decrease in the corrosion rate also.
Contamination of beef and beef products by Listeria spp. and molecular characterization of L. monocytogenes in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Moabelo Khomotso C. , Gcebe Nomakorinte , Gana James , Ngoshe Yusuf B. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study determined the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characteristics of Listeria species detected in beef and beef products sampled in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Four hundred beef and beef products were collected from 30 retail outlets in three districts (Bronkhorstspruit, Emalahleni, and Middelburg) within the province. Standard bacteriological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used in the study. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in the samples was 8.3% (33/400) and 30% (120/400) (p < .05), respectively. For the five variables investigated, statistically significant effects were evident only for the region (p < .001) and type of product (p < .0001) for L. monocytogenes, the type of outlet (p = .011) and the type of product (p < .0001) for Listeria spp. Of the 20 types of beef and beef products tested, 15 (75%) and 17 (85%) were contaminated by L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp., respectively (p = .429). Among the four categories of products tested, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 7.3% (8/109), 10.6% (11/104), 7.5% (8/106), and 7.4% (6/81) for raw beef, ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products, milled beef, and offal & organs, respectively (p > .799). Among the 33 L. monocytogenes isolates, PCR genoserogroup IIa (42.4%, 1/2a‐3a) was most frequently detected. All (100%) of the isolates carried one or more of the eight virulence‐associated genes assessed, with genes inlC and inlJ detected in all the isolates. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes (8.3%) and the high frequency of virulent serogroups of L. monocytogenes commonly associated with human listeriosis pose a food safety risk to consumers of beef and beef‐based products contaminated by L. monocytogenes.
Effect of optimizing the use of endoscope on the efficiency of microdynamic bromhidrosis removal operation
Authors: He Ziqing , Xi Wenwen , Zhang Jianfei , Han Pengpeng , Li Xinya , Yang Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBromhidrosis, also known as body odor, is a common disease in life, which often occurs in young adults. The histological basis of bromhidrosis is the hyperplasia of apocrine sweat glands.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different methods of endoscopy in microdynamic axillary osmidrosis removal on curative effect, complications, and surgical efficiency.MethodsA total of 149 patients with axillary osmidrosis were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. They were treated with endoscopic assistance in the whole process of operation (Group A) and endoscope‐assisted exploration after blind rotary cutter suction (Group B), respectively, and the curative effect, complication rate, and surgical efficiency were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the curative effect and complication rate between the two groups, but the endoscope‐assisted exploration group after suction with rotary cutter (Group B) had higher surgical efficiency.ConclusionOn the basis of professional use of rotary cutter, it is efficient to choose endoscope to check the excision of sweat gland in the operation area and stop bleeding in time after blind suction.
60-year-old male with rapidly progressive pneumocephalus caused by Clostridium septicum in the setting of an occult colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Helmink Austin J. , Wahlig Taylor A. , Fey Paul D. , Chen Jie , Foster Kirk W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Disseminated Clostridium septicum infection is an uncommon complication associated with malignancies, particular colonic adenocarcinoma. The organism appears to preferentially colonize large masses in rare individuals and subsequently seed the blood via mucosal ulceration. This has rarely been reported to lead to central nervous system infection and, in several cases, rapidly progressive pneumocephalus. In the few cases reported, this was a universally fatal condition. The current case adds to the reports of this extremely rare complication and provides a unique and complete clinicopathologic characterization with autopsy examination, microscopy, and molecular testing.

Case Presentation
A 60-year-old man with no known past medical history was discovered having seizure-like activity and stroke-like symptoms. Blood cultures turned positive after six hours. Imaging revealed a large, irregular cecal mass as well as 1.4 cm collection of air in the left parietal lobe that progressed to over 7 cm within 8 h. By the following morning, the patient had lost all neurologic reflexes and died. Post-mortem examination revealed brain tissue with multiple grossly evident cystic spaces and intraparenchymal hemorrhage, while microscopic exam showed diffuse hypoxic-ischemic injury and gram-positive rods. Clostridium septicum was identified on blood cultures and was confirmed in paraffin embedded tissue from the brain by 16 S ribosomal sequencing and from the colon by C. septicum specific PCR.

Conclusions
C. septicum is an anaerobic, gram-positive rod that can become invasive and is strongly associated with gastrointestinal pathology including colonic adenocarcinomas. Central nervous system infection with rapidly progressive pneumocephalus is a rarely reported and universally fatal complication of disseminated C. septicum infection.
Acceptance of vaccination against pertussis, COVID-19 and influenza during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Widdershoven Veja , Reijs Rianne P. , Eskes Annika , Verhaegh-Haasnoot Amanja , Hoebe Christian J.P.A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to assess the uptake of maternal pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination and the intention towards accepting the maternal influenza vaccination. Insights into different socio-demographic factors related to maternal vaccination coverage might help to address vaccine acceptance and improve maternal vaccine uptake in the future.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women and recent mothers, up to 6 months post-partum. The primary outcome measures of this study were behaviour for maternal pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination, and maternal influenza vaccination intention. Associations between socio-demographic factors and maternal pertussis vaccination and maternal COVID-19 vaccination behaviour; and socio-demographic factors and maternal influenza vaccination intention were assessed using binary logistic regression analyses.

Results
In total 1361 respondents filled out the questionnaire. Almost all women (95%) were vaccinated against pertussis during pregnancy, while almost two-third were vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy (58%) and almost one-third (28%) had a positive intention towards receiving the maternal influenza vaccination. Results show that young maternal age and low education level were associated with lower maternal vaccination acceptance.

Conclusion
Vaccination campaigns focusing on the severity of diseases that are prevented, are needed to increase maternal vaccine acceptance in younger and low-educated pregnant women. We expect that differences in vaccination coverage between the three maternal vaccinations might partly be explained by existing recommendations, campaigns and whether the vaccination is part of the national immunisation program.
Clinical efficacy and prognosis analysis of treatment regimens for EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Xing Ruyue , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Mina , Wei Chunhua , Zhang Guowei , Niu Yuanyuan , Ma Zhiyong , Yan Xiangtao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The aims of the study were to evaluate potential differences among first-line treatment for EGFR mutant (m+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis in China and to identify the factors influencing survival outcomes.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 172 EGFRm + patients with advanced NSCLC who received a 1st generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) were divided into 4 groups: A, EGFR-TKI (n = 84); B, EGFR-TKI + pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin chemotherapy (CT) (n = 55); C, EGFR-TKI + bevacizumab (n = 15); and D, EGFR-TKI + pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin CT + bevacizumab (n = 18). Intracranial and extracranial progression-free survival (PFS), the overall survival (OS), objective remission rates (ORRs) and adverse events were analyzed.

Results
Intracranial PFS of groups C + D was longer than for groups A + B (18.9 m vs. 11.0 m, P = 0.027). Extracranial PFS were longer in group B in comparison with group A (13.0 m vs. 11.5 m, P = 0.039) and in groups C + D compared to groups A + B (18.9 m vs. 11.9 m, P = 0.008). Median OS in groups A and B were 27.9 m and 24.4 m, respectively, while groups C and D have not yet achieved median OS. Significant difference was found in intracranial ORR between groups A + B vs. C + D (31.0% vs. 65.2%, P = 0.002). Most patients suffered grade 1–2 treatment-related adverse events, which were relieved soon after symptomatic treatment.

Conclusions
First-generation EGFR-TKI + bevacizumab treatment outperformed other regimens in EGFRm + NSCLC patients with brain metastasis. The therapy improved the control and delayed progression of intracranial lesions and prolonged survival times.
Giant pedunculated hepatoblastoma mimicking neuroblastoma in a 4-month-old infant: a case report
Authors: Zarei Elham , Vafadar Mehdi , Khonji Mohammad Saeid , Mounesi Sohi Amir Sajjad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of hepatic origin in children, with an estimated incidence of 0.5–1.5 per million children. Hepatoblastoma classically has an intraparenchymal location, and pedunculated hepatoblastoma is a relatively rare entity. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to its extrahepatic location and possibly its thin peduncle, which is not easily identified in imaging.

Case presentation
Here, we report a case of asymptomatic giant palpable hepatoblastoma in the LUQ of a four-month-old male infant, initially suspected of neuroblastoma based on abdominal ultrasound findings. The final diagnosis of giant pedunculated hepatoblastoma was made based on the abdominal CT scan and the diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous biopsy. Due to the size of the tumor, complete removal of the tumor was not initially possible. Therefore, the patient was treated with several courses of chemotherapy. The tumor was shrunk and then completely removed. The patient was treated, and no complications were found in the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion
Pedunculated hepatoblastoma is rare but should be considered as a possibility in the case of a perihepatic mass in a pediatric patient that can be confused with other upper abdominal masses such as an adrenal mass. Therefore, in such cases, we must look for the vascular pedicle in the imaging and keep the AFP check in mind.
Associations between body circumference and testosterone levels and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ning Lin , Sun Jianguang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Backgroud
Body circumference and testosterone levels have been reported as associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk. However, whether body circumference and testosterone levels play a role in the development of MAFLD remains inconclusive.

Methods
Using a large database of genome-wide association studies, genetic loci that are independent of each other and strongly associated with body circumference and testosterone levels were selected as instrumental variables, the causal relationship between body circumference and testosterone and risk of MAFLD was investigated by two-sample Mendelian randomization methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimator (WME), using the odds ratios (ORs) as evaluation indicators.

Results
A total of 344 SNPs were included as instrumental variables in this study, including 180 for waist circumference, 29 for waist-to-hip ratio, and 135 for testosterone levels. Using the above two-sample Mendelian Randomization method to derive the causal association between exposure and outcome. The results of this study showed that three exposure factors were causally associated with the risk of MAFLD. Waist circumference obtained three statistically significant results for IVW, WME and Weighted mode (IVW: OR = 3.53, 95%CI: 2.23–5.57, P < 0.001; WME: OR = 3.88, 95%CI: 1.81–8.29, P < 0.001; Weighted mode: OR = 3.58, 95%CI: 1.05–12.16, P = 0.043). Waist-to-hip ratio obtained one statistically significant result for IVW (OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.12–4.66, P = 0.022). Testosterone levels obtained one statistically significant result for IVW (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.30–2.87, P = 0.001). Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and testosterone level were considered as risk factors for MAFLD. The Cochran Q test for IVW and MR-Egger method indicated that there was no intergenic heterogeneity in SNPs. The test for pleiotropy indicated that the possibility of pleiotropy in the causal analysis was weak.

Conclusion
The results of the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed that waist circumference was the exact risk factor for MAFLD, waist-to-hip ratio and testosterone levels were potential risk factors for MAFLD, the risk of developing MAFLD increases with these three exposure factors.