bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates symptoms and modulates the gut microbiota in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Yang Jiayue , Song Isaiah , Saito Misa , Hartanto Tenagy , Ichinohe Takeshi , Fukuda Shinji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused health issues worldwide. Studies have suggested that modulation of the gut microbiota could attenuate the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. In light of this, we explored the effects of the prebiotic dietary fibre partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Syrian hamster model, hypothesizing that modulation of the gut microbiome and intestinal metabolites through PHGG administration would improve COVID-19 disease outcomes. Eight hamsters each were assigned to the PHGG administration and control groups. The PHGG group was given a diet supplemented with 5% PHGG for two weeks. Consequently, PHGG improved the host survival rate to 100% compared to 25% of the control group (P = 0.003) and attenuated morbid weight loss. Another non-infected set of hamsters was used for the analysis of the gut microbiome composition with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, serum, and faecal metabolites with GC–MS and LC–MS. PHGG altered the gut microbiome composition and increased the relative abundances of Ileibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella. Furthermore, it elevated the concentrations of faecal valeric acid, propionic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and serum deoxycholic acid. Taken together, our data suggest that the prebiotic PHGG modulates gut metabolites and has the potential to reduce COVID-19 morbidity.
Trust in government and American public opinion toward foreign aid
Authors: Macdonald David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the end of World War II, the US government has spent nearly $4 trillion on humanitarian, economic, and military assistance to other countries. Despite the myriad benefits of such programs, mass support has long been lacking. Here, I argue that low citizen trust in government can help us to understand why. Using cross-sectional and panel survey data from the United States, I find a positive and substantively significant relationship between political trust and support for government spending on foreign aid. Overall, these findings underscore the relevance of political trust and further illustrate the drivers of U.S. public opinion toward foreign aid, something that has implications for whether America should turn inward or continue its long-standing role of global leadership.
Diverse single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins enable both stable protection and rapid exchange required for biological function
Authors: Morse Michael , Cashen Ben A. , Rouzina Ioulia , Williams Mark C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Single-stranded nucleic acid (ssNA) binding proteins must both stably protect ssNA transiently exposed during replication and other NA transactions, and also rapidly reorganize and dissociate to allow further NA processing. How these seemingly opposing functions can coexist has been recently elucidated by optical tweezers (OT) experiments that isolate and manipulate single long ssNA molecules to measure conformation in real time. The effective length of an ssNA substrate held at fixed tension is altered upon protein binding, enabling quantification of both the structure and kinetics of protein–NA interactions. When proteins exhibit multiple binding states, however, OT measurements may produce difficult to analyze signals including non-monotonic response to free protein concentration and convolution of multiple fundamental rates. In this review we compare single-molecule experiments with three proteins of vastly different structure and origin that exhibit similar ssNA interactions. These results are consistent with a general model in which protein oligomers containing multiple binding interfaces switch conformations to adjust protein:NA stoichiometry. These characteristics allow a finite number of proteins to protect long ssNA regions by maximizing protein–ssNA contacts while also providing a pathway with reduced energetic barriers to reorganization and eventual protein displacement when these ssNA regions are diminished.
Negative priors and inferences from absence of evidence in cognitive and linguistic archaeology: Epistemically sound and scientifically strategic
Authors: Irurtzun Aritz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article provides an important warning but its general conclusions should be nuanced: (i) When there is no evidence for it, we should depart from the hypothesis that a species lacks a particular cognitive capacity, and (ii) inferences from absence of evidence can be epistemically sound and scientifically strategic in cognitive and linguistic archaeology.
Perishable material choice indicates symbolic and representational capacities
Authors: Tzafestas Elpida 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The absence of symbolic material cultural objects in the archaeological record does not prove absence of symbolic cognition. Sometimes perishable materials are selected for symbolic roles, for practical concerns or to indicate a temporary condition. Also some symbolic functions may predate the use of durable materials. Finally, child play and artisan experimentations usually involve cheap and perishable materials. These are symbolic and representational activities that do not leave a material trace.
Animal artefacts challenge archaeological standards for tracing human symbolic cognition
Authors: Verpooten Jan , De Tiège Alexis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stibbard-Hawkes challenges the link between symbolic material evidence and behavioural modernity. Extending this to non-human species, we find that personal adornment, decoration, figurative art, and musical instruments may not uniquely distinguish human cognition. These common criteria may ineffectively distinguish symbolic from non-symbolic cognition or symbolic cognition is not uniquely human. It highlights the need for broader comparative perspectives.
SAHD-10: Development and initial validation of a short version of the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death based on a large multinational sample
Authors: Kremeike Kerstin , Boström Kathleen , Dojan Thomas , Montforte-Royo Cristina , Rosenfeld Barry , Voltz Raymond , Rietz Christian , Strupp Julia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Wishes to hasten death (WTHDs) are common in patients with serious illness. The Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death (SAHD) is a validated 20-item instrument for measuring WTHD. Two short versions have also been developed based on statistical item selection. However, all existing versions show some limitations with potential for improvement. This study aims to develop and initially validate a theory-driven and statistically sound SAHD short version based on a large multinational sample to advance the WTHD assessment in different countries and with different legislations.

Methods
A 3-step procedure was carried out including (1) theory-driven item selection, (2) exploratory, and (3) confirmatory factor analysis. We used a data set collected between 1998 and 2020 across 3 different countries (Germany, Spain, USA). Participants were N = 1156 complete cases (n = 181 German, n = 101 Spanish and n = 874 US) of severely ill adult in- and outpatients. They had to be ≥18 years and give informed consent.

Results
The exploratory factor analysis revealed that 10 of 11 items previously selected theory-driven loaded on either of 2 factors: (1) WTHD and (2) internal locus of control. These factors showed good to excellent reliability according to Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Ω, as well as an excellent fit of our data as an overall model for the total sample.

Significance of results
The developed SAHD-10 represents a reliable and valid alternative to the SAHD and an efficient means to measure and further investigate a WTHD in cross-cultural clinical and research settings.
Improving outcomes via treatment augmentations to behavioural activation for depression in routine practice: a cohort comparison study
Authors: Simmonds-Buckley Melanie , Kellett Stephen , Hague Jennie , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Whilst behavioural activation (BA) is an empirically supported treatment for depression, some patients do not benefit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two treatment augmentations to an extant manualized 8-session group version of BA. The two treatment augmentations were (a) dose–response psychoeducation to improve attendance and (b) implementation intentions to improve clinical outcomes. A cohort comparison design in routine practice comparing standard group BA (n=31, drawn from a sample of n=161, from 22 BA groups) with treatment-augmented group BA (n=31 from 3 BA+ groups). There was no effect of the two treatment augmentations on attendance or in overall mean reductions to depression (mean improvement difference=2.2), anxiety (mean improvement difference=1.9) or impaired functioning (mean improvement difference=1.5). Rates of reliable improvement in depression were significantly higher for augmented BA (odds ratio=3.21 for BA+ compared with BA). Efforts should be made to still improve outcomes for empirically supported interventions, with any treatment augmentations tested in well-controlled studies.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn about the utility of adapting existing treatments as opposed to developing new treatments.

(2)
To learn about the potential of propensity score matching in the analysis of routinely collected datasets.

(3)
To learn about delivery of behavioural activation in groups.

(4)
To better understand how to enhance and evaluate treatment protocols using theoretically informed and low-cost treatment augmentations.
Component library creation and pixel array generation with micromilled droplet microfluidics
Authors: McIntyre David , Arguijo Diana , Kawata Kaede , Densmore Douglas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Droplet microfluidics enable high-throughput screening, sequencing, and formulation of biological and chemical systems at the microscale. Such devices are generally fabricated in a soft polymer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). However, developing design masks for PDMS devices can be a slow and expensive process, requiring an internal cleanroom facility or using an external vendor. Here, we present the first complete droplet-based component library using low-cost rapid prototyping and electrode integration. This fabrication method for droplet microfluidic devices costs less than $12 per device and a full design-build-test cycle can be completed within a day. Discrete microfluidic components for droplet generation, re-injection, picoinjection, anchoring, fluorescence sensing, and sorting were built and characterized. These devices are biocompatible, low-cost, and high-throughput. To show its ability to perform multistep workflows, these components were used to assemble droplet “pixel" arrays, where droplets were generated, sensed, sorted, and anchored onto a grid to produce images.
Infiltrating peripheral monocyte TREM-1 mediates dopaminergic neuron injury in substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease model mice
Authors: Song Wei , Zhou Zi-ming , Zhang Le-le , Shu Hai-feng , Xia Jin-ru , Qin Xia , Hua Rong , Zhang Yong-mei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Activated microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and infiltration of peripheral immune cells contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss. However, the role of peripheral immune responses, particularly triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), in PD remains unclear. Using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model, we examined TREM-1 expression and monocyte infiltration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We found that MPTP increased peripheral monocytes, and deletion of peripheral monocytes protected against MPTP neurotoxicity in the SNpc. TREM-1 inhibition, both genetically and pharmacologically, reduced monocyte infiltration, alleviated neuroinflammation, and preserved dopaminergic neurons, resulting in improved motor function. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of TREM-1-expressing monocytes from PD model mice to naive mice induced neuronal damage and motor deficits. These results underscore the critical role of peripheral monocytes and TREM-1 in PD progression, suggesting that targeting TREM-1 could be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in PD.
Ultrasound guided Ru106 plaque brachytherapy for treatment of exudative retinal detachment in children with diffuse choroidal haemangioma
Authors: Venkataraman Anusha , Al-Gilgawi Ali , Stoker Ian , Reddy M. Ashwin , Sagoo Mandeep S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided ruthenium (Ru 106) plaque brachytherapy for treatment of exudative retinal detachment in diffuse choroidal haemangioma (DCH).

Methods
Retrospective analysis of four paediatric patients treated with ultrasound-guided Ru 106 plaque brachytherapy for DCH with total exudative retinal detachment directed to the thickest part of the DCH. A dose of 40 Gy to the tumour apex was delivered in all patients. The outcomes of treatment were regression of DCH, resolution of retinal detachment, development of neovascular glaucoma or any other radiation-associated complications which were assessed clinically and with B scan ultrasonography.

Results
There were 4 eyes included in the study, with a mean (median, range) age of 8.75 (8.4, 3–15) years. The pre-operative tumour thickness was 5.0 (5.12, 4.2–5.5) mm. The visual acuity ranged from 0.8-2.8 LogMAR and 3 of 4 eyes had only light perception at presentation. One eye had been treated with goniotomy for pre-existing secondary glaucoma and was on topical antihypertensive medications. At a mean follow-up of 14.6 months (10.5 months, 6-30 months), all patients showed regression of the tumour. The mean tumour thickness reduced to 2.05 mm (2.44 mm, 1.1–2.6 mm) post-operatively. All patients (4/4) had complete resolution of the retinal detachment. The visual acuity remained stable in all the patients with none of the patients developing neovascular glaucoma or any other radiation-related complications.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided Ru 106 plaque brachytherapy is an effective treatment strategy as a primary treatment in the absence of external beam radiotherapy, to achieve tumour regression and resolution of retinal detachment in DCH.
Human interpretable structure-property relationships in chemistry using explainable machine learning and large language models
Authors: Wellawatte Geemi P. , Schwaller Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging field in AI that aims to address the opaque nature of machine learning models. Furthermore, it has been shown that XAI can be used to extract input-output relationships, making them a useful tool in chemistry to understand structure-property relationships. However, one of the main limitations of XAI methods is that they are developed for technically oriented users. We propose the XpertAI framework that integrates XAI methods with large language models (LLMs) accessing scientific literature to generate accessible natural language explanations of raw chemical data automatically. We conducted 5 case studies to evaluate the performance of XpertAI. Our results show that XpertAI combines the strengths of LLMs and XAI tools in generating specific, scientific, and interpretable explanations.
Enhanced energy storage in relaxor (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaZryTi1-yO3 thin films by morphotropic phase boundary engineering
Authors: Kobald Herbert , Kobald Alexander M. , Panzic Ivana , Deluca Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perovskites at the crossover between ferroelectric and relaxor are often used to realize dielectric capacitors with high energy and power density and simultaneously good efficiency. Lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 is gaining importance in showing an alternative to lead-based devices. Here we show that (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 – xBaZr
y
Ti
1-y
O3 (best: 0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 -0.06BaZr0.4Ti0.6O3) shows an increase of recoverable energy density and electric breakdown upon chemical substitution. In thin films derived from Chemical Solution Deposition, we observed that polarization peaks at the morphotropic phase boundary at x = 0.06. While Zr substitution results in reduced polarization, it enhances both efficiency and electric breakdown strength, ultimately doubling the recoverable energy density and the metallization interface by lowering surface roughness. Our dielectric capacitor shows <3% deviation of energy properties over 106 cycles. A virtual device model of a multilayer thin film capacitor (7.25 mJ recoverable energy) was used to compare its performance to already in use multilayer ceramic capacitors.
Crystalline porous frameworks based on double extension of metal–organic and covalent organic linkages
Authors: Endo Kenichi , Canossa Stefano , Heck Fabian , Proserpio Davide M. , Istek M. Satukbugra , Stemmler Friedrich , van Slageren Joris , Hartmann Sean , Hartschuh Achim , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reticular chemistry is a powerful strategy to design materials with fine-tuned chemical functionality and porosity, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). MOFs typically show high crystallinity due to their reversible coordinative bonds, and the organic backbone of COFs provides chemical stability. Here we synthesize metal–organic–covalent–organic frameworks (MOCOFs) that combine both crystallinity and stability in a single framework by the double extension of metal–organic and covalent organic linkages. Several MOCOFs are obtained by reaction between a cobalt aminoporphyrin and dialdehydes, which are interconnected by cobalt–amine coordination and imine condensation to form three-dimensional networks. The MOCOFs exhibit chiral topological nets, large surface areas, high crystallinities and high chemical stabilities due to the two types of extended linkages. Thus, MOCOFs present a reticular design strategy that further diversifies the chemical and structural space of porous solids.
Unveiling sectoral coupling for resilient electrification of the transportation sector
Authors: Mitra Bhaskar , Pal Seemita , Reeve Hayden , Kintner-Meyer Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrifying the transportation sector is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and offers numerous benefits including increased energy efficiency, lower total ownership costs, enhanced national energy security, and improved air quality. Despite the availability of necessary technologies, fully integrating the transportation and electricity sectors presents challenges in understanding all benefits and risks. Previous studies have not highlighted the role of coupling between these sectors. To better understand this coupling, this work reviews the structure of the current fossil-fuel-based transportation sector (including its dependence on the electricity sector) and case studies of its vulnerabilities to key risks. By adopting a systemic perspective, we uncover the indispensable interplay between the transportation and electricity sectors, shedding light on previously neglected dynamics. Leveraging the principles of grid architecture (GA), we introduce a hierarchical approach to assess vulnerabilities within the prevailing fuel-based transportation system and elucidate pathways for enhancement through electrification.
Gender Imbalance in Citation Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Meier Erin L. , Kajfez Sophie , Zaman Camille , Haskell Grace , Ugent Leanna , Wei Gengchen , Sheppard Shannon M. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Despite recent advances, gender inequality remains a major concern within the workforce. One manifestation of gender inequality in academia is the undercitation of women-authored compared to men-authored papers that is thought to reflect implicit biases and has important implications for the academic advancement for research-intensive female faculty. These studies largely stem from male-dominant professions. Thus, in this study, we investigated gendered citation practices within communication sciences and disorders (CSD), a female-dominant discipline. We also examined the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as an exogenous driver of short-term change in publication and citation practices in CSD.

Method:
Using methods from Dworkin et al. (2020), we characterized expected versus actual man first/man last–authored (MM), man first/woman last–authored (MW), woman first/man last–authored (WM), and woman first/woman last–authored (WW) articles published within a 24-year time span in the four American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals. We compared gendered publication and citation practices in the 10 years before (2010–2019) to during (August 2020–November 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Across journals, we found WW publications increased while MM publications decreased from 1998 to 2022. We found a pattern of overcitation of WW papers and undercitation of MM papers, which was driven primarily by the citation practices of WM and WW teams. These citation trends were found for the years before and during the pandemic and remained when controlling for relevant paper characteristics and author and paper network variables.

Conclusions:
Consistent with our predictions, we found gender-based citation imbalances that aligned with the gender distributions of CSD, like other fields. The findings align with the notion of homophily (i.e., like attracts like). We review the findings within the context of citation research from other fields as well as discuss the larger implications of these patterns for professional practices in CSD.
Continuous monitoring of partial discharge activities in power cables and their stimulation due to the temperature rise
Authors: Stanescu Denis , Nastasiu Dragos , Digulescu Angela , Ioana Cornel , Despina‐Stoian Cristina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the development of the power distribution systems demands, the grid reliability becomes a strategic issue. Continuous monitoring of power transmission networks is a key component in addressing this issue. Partial discharge (PD) characterisation instruments provide a reliable solution and an important indicator of the state of cable insulation. An increase in the PD level usually indicates the development of a fault that affects the integrity of the cable and can lead to various problems related to the quality and quantity of the transmitted energy. In this context, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) systems for power networks monitoring can provide a significant improvement to the localisation and detection of faults. In this paper, the authors show the advantages of continuous monitoring of power grid cables using a new IoT based framework using an advanced signal processing technique, namely the phase diagram. Also, the authors show that variations in temperature can impact the initiation and progression of PD, affecting the reliability and lifespan of electrical insulation systems. Understanding this temperature dependence is crucial for accurate PD detection and effective maintenance of power cables. Our results show that higher temperatures can accelerate the PD activity, while lower temperatures may suppress it.