bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Right to Life, the Right to Nature, and the Impact of Irish Land on Political Thought in the 1880s
Authors: Phemister Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Irish Land War was a pivotal conflict in the history of liberal political thought. With significant impacts on both sides of the Atlantic, events in Ireland were about more than Irish self-determination. Heavily reliant on a discourse of natural right, and asserting a relationship between land ownership and democratic-republican citizenship, the Land War provided a vehicle for popular radical opposition to an increasingly positivist liberalism. This article examines the rationales and political assumptions underlying the demand for land, and how such arguments catalysed an intellectual response among liberal political thinkers. Particular moral and metaphysical ideas about the distinctiveness of land allowed agrarian and labour radicals to reassert individualized but non-possessive rights to natural resources. Rooted in a materialist politics of the human body, this purposive conception of land posed a significant threat to claims for private property, social order, and the ameliorative authority of the state, pressing both liberal and conservative thinkers away from unstable notions of individual rights. The crisis over Irish land helped to shift the terrain of political argument away from questions of participation and popular power, and toward amelioration and public welfare.
Private Power in Public Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, and the Structural Power of Private Insurance
Authors: Kelly Andrew S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2019, nearly 70 percent of Medicaid beneficiaries received their health insurance coverage through a private, managed care organization (MCO). Twenty-five years earlier, 9.5 percent of Medicaid beneficiaries were enrolled in MCOs. This dramatic growth in Medicaid managed care enrollment represents the delegation of significant power by federal and state governments over a critical social program to private actors and market forces. Medicare, too, experienced a similar pattern of transformation. Together, Medicaid and Medicare, two critical pillars of American social policy, paid more than half a trillion dollars to private insurance companies in 2019 to provide public health insurance to 75 million people. This manuscript examines the policy consequences of building private firms directly into the structure of American social policies. In contrast to existing work on “submerged” or “delegated” policies, this manuscript highlights the structural power that such policies bestow on the government's private partners and develops a new theory of structural power in which firms are able to constrain health policy reform through their threats to disrupt the delivery of public policies and social benefits to millions of people across the United States.
Engagements in and beyond Rome in the 5th c. BCE: architectural remains as evidence for action across geo-temporal boundaries
Authors: Hopkins John North 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the 5th c. BCE, Rome is understood to have experienced a moment of transition. Scholars highlight evidence for warfare absent widespread triumph, social conflict within Rome, and regional disruption in established power dynamics, trade networks, and material cultures. Despite a revised understanding of the period, wherein narratives of decline were superseded by those of transformation, the long century after the purported fall of monarchy, especially in its middle and later portions, remains segregated in scholarship from the Archaic period and Middle Republic. This article seeks to reframe the moment as integral to events both before and after it. By way of an examination of material remains of architectural projects, I argue that disciplinary preferences for periodization, a Rome-centered historical telos, and hierarchical material taxonomies have manufactured an absence of remains and activity, and I suggest that the field categorically moves away from these practices.
Equivocal Challenges: Tactical Ambiguity and Deferral of Claim-Making in the 1948 Bogotazo
Authors: de Castelbajac Matthieu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article rethinks the dynamics of collective contention by emphasizing the role of tactical ambiguity. In the face of high political uncertainty, contentious mobilizations work best when they avoid explicit claim-making and engage instead in what I call equivocal challenges—i.e. provocative actions whose meaning will be defined by the response they elicit from specific targets. I provide detailed illustrative support for this argument through a study of the 1948 Bogotazo, by analyzing network data and repertoires of action extracted from archival sources. I conclude that rushed claim-making in contexts of political uncertainty may very well be a losing tactic and that conversely collective equivocation has significant political payoffs.
Evaluation of a Mesoscale Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Configuration for Tropical Cyclone Forecasting in the South West Indian Ocean Basin
Authors: Corale Laëtitia , Malardel Sylvie , Bielli Soline , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe performance in term of tropical cyclone track and intensity prediction of the new coupled ocean‐atmosphere system based on the operational atmospheric model AROME‐Indian Ocean and the ocean model NEMO is assessed against that of the current operational configuration in the case of seven recent tropical cyclones. Five different configurations of the forecast system are evaluated: two with the coupled system, two with an ocean mixed layer parameterization and one with a constant sea surface temperature. For each ocean‐atmosphere coupling option, one is initialized directly with the MERCATOR‐Ocean PSY4 product as in the current operational configuration and the other with the ocean state that is cycled in the AROME‐NEMO coupled suite since a few days before the cyclone intensification. The results show that the coupling with NEMO generally improves the intensity of cyclones in AROME‐IO, reducing the mean intensity bias of the 72 hr forecast of about 10 hPa. However, the impact is especially significant when the TCs encounter a slow propagation phase. For short‐term forecasts (less than 36 hr), the presence of a cooling in the initial state that has been triggered by the AROME high‐resolution cyclonic winds in a previous coupled forecast already improves the tropical cyclone intensity bias of 2–3 hPa for both coupled or uncoupled configurations.
Afterslip of the Mw 8.3 2015 Illapel Earthquake Imaged Through a Time‐Dependent Inversion of Continuous and Survey GNSS Data
Authors: Tissandier R. , Nocquet J.‐M. , Klein E. , Vigny C. , Ojeda J. , Ruiz S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe use continuous and survey GNSS data to image the spatial and temporal evolution of afterslip during the 2 months following the Mw 8.3 2015 Illapel earthquake. Our approach solves for the incremental daily slip at the subduction interface using nonnegative least squares with spatial and temporal Laplacian regularization constraints. We find that afterslip developed at three specific areas at the megathrust, surrounding the coseismic rupture. In addition, well resolved afterslip also occurs within the coseismic rupture area that experienced ∼4 m of seismic slip. Our afterslip model shows striking correlations with the spatial distribution of aftershocks and repeating earthquakes. We capture the local afterslip triggered by a Mw 6.8 and two 6.9 aftershocks that ruptured downdip and north of the coseismic rupture, respectively. The latter ones were possibly triggered by the afterslip that developed north of the rupture. We also find a pulse of enhanced aseismic slip lasting a few days south of the rupture that spatially and temporally correlates with a seismicity burst. We finally find that areas of enhanced afterslip spatially correlates with areas having experienced regular seismic swarms observed during the years prior to the Illapel earthquake. This correlation supports the view of localized fluid high pore pressure areas behaving aseismically and surrounding a highly locked asperity, preventing the seismic rupture to propagate into them.
Using Corrected and Imputed Polarity Measurements to Improve Focal Mechanisms in a Regional Earthquake Catalog Near the Mt. Lewis Fault Zone, California
Authors: Skoumal Robert J. , Hardebeck Jeanne L. , Shelly David R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe utilized relative polarity measurements and machine learning techniques to better resolve focal mechanisms and stress orientations considering a catalog of ∼29,000 relocated earthquakes that occurred during 1984–2021 in the southeastern San Francisco Bay Area. Earthquake focal mechanisms are commonly produced using P wave first motion polarities, which traditionally requires events to be well‐recorded across a seismic network with good focal sphere coverage. We adapted recently developed approaches that are less dependent on high signal‐to‐noise records and exploit similar waveforms to produce relative polarity and amplitude measurements between earthquake pairs. These techniques were previously only applied on localized earthquake sequences, and we further developed these approaches so that they can be utilized for regional catalogs. We validated or corrected manually identified polarities by performing polarity consensuses using earthquake pairs. Missing and unreliable polarity measurements were imputed using iterative random forests, an unsupervised ensemble machine learning method. Relative P and S wave amplitude measurements were made between earthquakes, constraining S/P ratios for low signal‐to‐noise waveforms. Using these techniques, we were able to reduce focal mechanism uncertainties by an average of ∼13° and produced well‐constrained focal mechanisms for ∼6 times as many earthquakes than those produced using only the traditionally derived polarities. We performed stress inversions using the focal mechanisms by grouping the focal mechanism results into a quadtree structure. Our stress results are consistent with previous work, albeit at a higher spatial resolution, and demonstrate these techniques can aid our understanding of fault structures and kinematics in more detail than was previously possible.
Incorporating Horizontal Density Variations Into Large‐Scale Modeling of Ice Masses
Authors: Schelpe Camilla A. O. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGravity‐driven flow of large ice masses such as the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) depends on both the geometry and the mass density of the ice sheet. The vertical density profile can be approximated as pure ice overlain by a firn layer of varying thickness, and for the AIS the firn thickness is not uncommonly 10%–20% of the total thickness, leading to not insignificant variation in horizontal density. Nevertheless, in most vertically integrated ice‐flow models today, the density is assumed constant, sometimes with an adjustment in thickness to compensate. In this study, we explore the treatment of horizontal density variations (HDVs) within vertically integrated ice‐sheet models. We assess the relative merits and shortcomings of previously proposed approaches and provide new formulations for including HDVs. We use perturbation analysis to derive analytical solutions that describe the impact of density variations on ice flow for both grounded ice and floating ice shelves, which reveal significant qualitative differences between each of the proposed density formulations. We recommend always including the horizontal gradient of the density in the body‐force term of the momentum equation, and in the mass‐conservationequation. Furthermore, by modeling the transient evolution of a large sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), we find that doing so leads to about a 10% correction in the estimated change in volume above flotation over 40 years. We conclude that including HDVs in flow modeling of the AIS is important for accurate predictions of mass loss.
Ubiquitous occurrence of a dimethylsulfoniopropionate ABC transporter in abundant marine bacteria
Authors: Li Chun-Yang , Mausz Michaela A , Murphy Andrew , Zhang Nan , Chen Xiu-Lan , Wang Shu-Yan , Gao Chao , Aguilo-Ferretjans María M , Silvano Eleonora , Lidbury Ian D E A , Fu Hui-Hui , Todd Jonathan D , Chen Yin , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a ubiquitous organosulfur compound in marine environments with important functions in both microorganisms and global biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycling. The SAR11 clade and marine Roseobacter group (MRG) represent two major groups of heterotrophic bacteria in Earth’s surface oceans, which can accumulate DMSP to high millimolar intracellular concentrations. However, few studies have investigated how SAR11 and MRG bacteria import DMSP. Here, through comparative genomics analyses, genetic manipulations, and biochemical analyses, we identified an ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type DMSP-specific transporter, DmpXWV, in Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, a model strain of the MRG. Mutagenesis suggested that DmpXWV is a key transporter responsible for DMSP uptake in strain DSS-3. DmpX, the substrate binding protein of DmpXWV, had high specificity and binding affinity towards DMSP. Furthermore, the DmpX DMSP-binding mechanism was elucidated from structural analysis. DmpX proteins are prevalent in the numerous cosmopolitan marine bacteria outside the SAR11 clade and the MRG, and dmpX transcription was consistently high across Earth’s entire global ocean. Therefore, DmpXWV likely enables pelagic marine bacteria to efficiently import DMSP from seawater. This study offers a new understanding of DMSP transport into marine bacteria and provides novel insights into the environmental adaption of marine bacteria.
TPX2 enhances the transcription factor activation of PXR and enhances the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Chu Fang , Zhang Xiao-feng , Zhang Peng , Li Li-xin , Zhuang Yun-long , Niu Xiao-feng , He Xi , Li Zhi-jie , Bai Ying , Mao Da , Liu Zhen-wen , Zhang Da-li , Li Bo-an 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pregnane X receptor (PXR) is an important regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma cellular resistance to antitumor drugs. Activation of PXR was modulated by the co-regulators. The target protein for the Xenopus plus end-directed kinesin-like protein (Xklp2) known as TPX2 that was previously considered as a tubulin regulator, also functions as the regulator of some transcription factors and pro-oncogenes in human malignances. However, the actions of TPX2 on PXR and HCC cells are still unclear. In the present study, our results demonstrate that the high expression of endogenous mRNA level of TPX2 not only correlated with the poor prognosis of advanced HCC patients who received sorafenib treatment but also with expression of PXR’s downstream genes, cyp3a4 and/or mdr-1. Results from luciferase and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that TPX2 leads to enhancement of the transcription factor activation of PXR. Protein–protein interactions between PXR and TPX2 were identified using co-immunoprecipitation. Mechanically, overexpression of TPX2 led to enhancement of PXR recruitment to its downstream gene cyp3a4’s promoter region (the PXRE region) or enhancer region (the XREM region). Treatment of HCC cells with paclitaxel, a microtubule promoter, led to enhancement of the effects of TPX2, whereas vincristine, a microtubule depolymerizing agent caused a decrease in TPX2-associated effects. TPX2 was found to cause acceleration of the metabolism or clearance of sorafenib, a typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in HCC cells and in turn led to the resistance to sorafenib by HCC cells. By establishing novel actions of TXP2 on PXR in HCC cells, the results indicate that TPX2 could be considered a promising therapeutic target to enhance HCC cells sensitivity to antitumor drugs.
Self-evolving photonic crystals for ultrafast photonics
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Morita Ryohei , Nigo Kazuki , Yoshida Masahiro , De Zoysa Menaka , Ishizaki Kenji , Noda Susumu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrafast dynamics in nanophotonic materials is attracting increasing attention from the perspective of exploring new physics in fundamental science and expanding functionalities in various photonic devices. In general, such dynamics is induced by external stimuli such as optical pumping or voltage application, which becomes more difficult as the optical power to be controlled becomes larger owing to the increase in the energy required for the external control. Here, we demonstrate a concept of the self-evolving photonic crystal, where the spatial profile of the photonic band is dynamically changed through carrier-photon interactions only by injecting continuous uniform current. Based on this concept, we experimentally demonstrate short-pulse generation with a high peak power of 80 W and a pulse width of <30 ps in a 1-mm-diameter GaAs-based photonic crystal. Our findings on self-evolving carrier-photon dynamics will greatly expand the potential of nanophotonic materials and will open up various scientific and industrial applications.
Directing Min protein patterns with advective bulk flow
Authors: Meindlhumer Sabrina , Brauns Fridtjof , Finžgar Jernej Rudi , Kerssemakers Jacob , Dekker Cees , Frey Erwin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Min proteins constitute the best-studied model system for pattern formation in cell biology. We theoretically predict and experimentally show that the propagation direction of in vitro Min protein patterns can be controlled by a hydrodynamic flow of the bulk solution. We find downstream propagation of Min wave patterns for low MinE:MinD concentration ratios, upstream propagation for large ratios, but multistability of both propagation directions in between. Whereas downstream propagation can be described by a minimal model that disregards MinE conformational switching, upstream propagation can be reproduced by a reduced switch model, where increased MinD bulk concentrations on the upstream side promote protein attachment. Our study demonstrates that a differential flow, where bulk flow advects protein concentrations in the bulk, but not on the surface, can control surface-pattern propagation. This suggests that flow can be used to probe molecular features and to constrain mathematical models for pattern-forming systems.
Cellular senescence in malignant cells promotes tumor progression in mouse and patient Glioblastoma
Authors: Salam Rana , Saliou Alexa , Bielle Franck , Bertrand Mathilde , Antoniewski Christophe , Carpentier Catherine , Alentorn Agusti , Capelle Laurent , Sanson Marc , Huillard Emmanuelle , Bellenger Léa , Guégan Justine , Le Roux Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, yet it remains refractory to systemic therapy. Elimination of senescent cells has emerged as a promising new treatment approach against cancer. Here, we investigated the contribution of senescent cells to GBM progression. Senescent cells are identified in patient and mouse GBMs. Partial removal of p16Ink4a-expressing malignant senescent cells, which make up less than 7 % of the tumor, modifies the tumor ecosystem and improves the survival of GBM-bearing female mice. By combining single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and genetic knockdowns, we identify the NRF2 transcription factor as a determinant of the senescent phenotype. Remarkably, our mouse senescent transcriptional signature and underlying mechanisms of senescence are conserved in patient GBMs, in whom higher senescence scores correlate with shorter survival times. These findings suggest that senolytic drug therapy may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy for patients with GBM.
Chromatin complex dependencies reveal targeting opportunities in leukemia
Authors: Najm Fadi J. , DeWeirdt Peter , Moore Molly M. , Bevill Samantha M. , El Farran Chadi A. , Macias Kevin A. , Hegde Mudra , Waterbury Amanda L. , Liau Brian B. , van Galen Peter , Doench John G. , Bernstein Bradley E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChromatin regulators are frequently mutated in human cancer and are attractive drug targets. They include diverse proteins that share functional domains and assemble into related multi-subunit complexes. To investigate functional relationships among these regulators, here we apply combinatorial CRISPR knockouts (KOs) to test over 35,000 gene-gene pairings in leukemia cells, using a library of over 300,000 constructs. Top pairs that demonstrate either compensatory non-lethal interactions or synergistic lethality enrich for paralogs and targets that occupy the same protein complex. The screen highlights protein complex dependencies not apparent in single KO screens, for example MCM histone exchange, the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and HBO1 (KAT7) complex. We explore two approaches to NuRD complex inactivation. Paralog and non-paralog combinations of the KAT7 complex emerge as synergistic lethal and specifically nominate the ING5 PHD domain as a potential therapeutic target when paired with other KAT7 complex member losses. These findings highlight the power of combinatorial screening to provide mechanistic insight and identify therapeutic targets within redundant networks.
Accelerating ultrafast magnetization reversal by non-local spin transfer
Authors: Remy Quentin , Hohlfeld Julius , Vergès Maxime , Le Guen Yann , Gorchon Jon , Malinowski Grégory , Mangin Stéphane , Hehn Michel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen exciting a magnetic material with a femtosecond laser pulse, the amplitude of magnetization is no longer constant and can decrease within a time scale comparable to the duration of the optical excitation. This ultrafast demagnetization can even trigger an ultrafast, out of equilibrium, phase transition to a paramagnetic state. The reciprocal effect, namely an ultrafast remagnetization from the zero magnetization state, is a necessary ingredient to achieve a complete ultrafast reversal. However, the speed of remagnetization is limited by the universal critical slowing down which appears close to a phase transition. Here we demonstrate that magnetization can be reversed in a few hundreds of femtoseconds by overcoming the critical slowing down thanks to ultrafast spin cooling and spin heating mechanisms. We foresee that these results outline the potential of ultrafast spintronics for future ultrafast and energy efficient magnetic memory and storage devices. Furthermore, this should motivate further theoretical works in the field of femtosecond magnetization reversal.
The flavor-enhancing action of glutamate and its mechanism involving the notion of kokumi
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Inui-Yamamoto Chizuko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sodium salt of glutamic acid, or monosodium glutamate (MSG), has two effects in foods: one is to induce a unique taste called umami, which is one of the five basic tastes, and the other is to make food palatable (i.e., flavor-enhancing or seasoning effects). However, the mechanism behind how MSG makes food more palatable remains poorly understood, although many food scientists seem to believe that the umami taste itself plays an important role. Here, we propose an alternative notion regarding this topic based on previous and recent studies. When added to complex food compositions, MSG facilitates the binding of existing kokumi substances to kokumi receptors. In turn, these bound kokumi substances enhance the intensity of umami, sweet, salty, and fatty tastes, resulting in increased palatability accompanied by kokumi flavor, such as thickness, mouthfulness, and continuity. The requisite for sufficient palatability and kokumi flavor is a good balance of umami and kokumi substances. This framework gives a scientifically useful background for providing newly developed foods, including cultured meat and plant-based meat substitutes, with good taste characteristics.