bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a brief intervention video on gambling advertising resistance: Results of a randomized, on‐line experimental study
Authors: Torrance Jamie , Russell Alex M. T. , Heath Conor , Newall Philip 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and aimsGambling advertising is nowadays prevalent in multiple jurisdictions and can take multiple forms, such as TV adverts and social media promotions. However, few independently designed interventions for gambling advertising have been empirically tested. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of an inoculative intervention video for gambling advertising, which was developed based on previous interventions for alcohol and tobacco, and which used input from academics and experts by experience.DesignBetween‐participants randomised online experiment.SettingUK.ParticipantsUK‐based gamblers aged 18–29 years (n = 1200) were recruited via Prolific.InterventionParticipants either saw a novel inoculative intervention video (7.2 mins) aimed at increasing resistance against gambling advertising strategies (n = 595) or a neutral control video (7.2 mins) on healthy eating (n = 605).MeasurementsParticipants completed pre‐ and post‐test measures of gambling advertising scepticism and persuasion knowledge immediately before and after video exposure. They also answered the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and reported their past‐month engagement with gambling promotional offers. A random subset of participants (n = 797) recompleted these measures at one‐month follow‐up.FindingsThe intervention group's post‐test scores were statistically significantly higher than control for scepticism [estimated marginal means (EMM) = 40.32 vs. EMM = 34.72; P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.90–6.29, ηp2 = 0.17] and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 20.77 vs. EMM = 16.71; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.61–4.50, ηp2 = 0.21). One‐month follow‐up scores also remained statistically significantly higher in the intervention group compared with control for both scepticism (EMM = 38.26 vs. EMM = 34.73; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.70–4.36, ηp2 = 0.08) and persuasion knowledge (EMM = 18.63 vs. EMM = 17.21; P < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.88–1.95, ηp2 = 0.03). Within the intervention group, 21% of participants had stopped engaging with gambling promotional offers at one‐month follow‐up, reflective of a statistically significant reduction compared with control (EMM = 0.48 vs. EMM = 0.87; P < 0.001, 95%CI = −0.53 to −0.26, ηp2 = 0.04). Overall, the control group showed no statistically significant changes in any of their scores throughout the study period.ConclusionsAn inoculative intervention video appears to increase young gamblers' resistance to gambling advertising and reduce their self‐reported engagement with promotional offers.
Embracing the mental health challenges of uterus transplant candidates
Authors: Rabbani Muhammad Umaid , Randolph Brittney , Fry Samantha , Boydston Emily A. , Porrett Paige M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUterus transplantation (UTx) has emerged from clinical trials and is expected to become the standard of care for uterine factor infertility. Uterus transplant candidates historically have had to meet strict eligibility criteria to participate in clinical trials. Continued application of psychologic selection criteria from clinical trial may hinder the expansion of UTx. UTx candidates come with unique mental health challenges, having a higher incidence of mental health problems than the general population. We posit in this commentary that broadening psychological inclusion criterion and provision of mental health support will enhance access to UTx. At the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), candidates are not required to mention mental health comorbidities at initial screening. Regardless of their mental health comorbidity status, all recipients at the UAB have had a successful uterus transplant. Outcome of a live birth has also not been affected. Perioperative mental health challenges are successfully managed with a support of psychologists and psychiatrists.
Lithic analysis in African archaeology: Advances and key themes
Authors: Olszewski Deborah I. , Beyin Amanuel , Pargeter Justin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStone artifacts (lithics) preserve for extended periods; thus they are key evidence for probing the evolution of human technological behaviors. Africa boasts the oldest record of stone artifacts, spanning 3.3 Ma, rare instances of ethnographic stone tool‐making, and stone tool archives from diverse ecological settings, making it an anchor for research on the long‐term temporal and spatial trends in human evolution. This paper reviews the application of scientific methods for studying African stone artifacts and highlights several popular research themes on the continent, including the origins of flaked stone technology, hunter‐gatherer mobility and landscape use, technological variability, function, biocultural evolution, and ancient human cognition. We conclude by outlining some key challenges to future lithic research in Africa.
Funding, Publication Rate and Characteristics of Paediatric Sleep Apnea Clinical Trials: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Puyo Elizabeth M. , Carnino Jonathan M. , Rodriguez Lara Frances , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study is to characterise available clinical trial information for paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and identify opportunities for future research to better treat children with this condition.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of paediatric OSA clinical trials was conducted using the International Clinical Trials Registry. Criteria for inclusion included sleep apnea trials with participants < 18 years old and an interventional design. We assessed the information available on the database to identify recent trends in research. We used PubMed to examine publication rate. NIH RePORTER was used to characterise funding patterns for trials conducted in the United States.ResultsOf 91 trials analysed, 54% of trials were conducted in the United States. The number of paediatric OSA clinical trials has been increasing since 2005. Patients aged 6, 7 and/or 8 were enrolled in 70% of trials, whereas infants under 12 months of age were only represented in approximately 9%. Overall, 31.9% had results reported directly on the registry, while 57% had results published. Median time to trial completion by sponsor for US trials was 3.04 years for NIH‐sponsored trials, 1.29 years for industry‐sponsored trials, and 1.96 years for non‐funded sources. The NIH funded 56% of US trials.ConclusionDespite a growing interest in paediatric OSA, continued focus on reporting and publishing results in a timely manner is essential to further advance the care of children with OSA. Future research should aim to address the gaps in age representation and focus on early intervention to treat age groups with higher prevalence.
Lived experience of pilonidal sinus disease: Systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Aimar Kelsey , Baker Daniel M. , Li Elizabeth , Lee Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) poses significant treatment challenges due to a lack of consensus on the diverse range of surgical approaches routinely employed, prompting a renewed focus on the patient experience. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of patients with PSD to better inform future person‐centred treatment.MethodA systematic review was performed to identify papers reporting qualitative studies on the lived experience of PSD. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched, using a predefined search strategy. Studies were dual screened at each stage, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Analytical frameworks were extracted, along with supporting quotes. A meta‐ethnographic approach was used to systemically compare and synthesize frameworks in line with the eMERGe meta‐ethnography protocol. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024495608).ResultsFour full texts covering three studies were included. Three key themes emerged: (1) disruption to activities of daily living; (2) impact on psychological well‐being; (3) navigating healthcare. Reduction of physical activity was patient‐led, owing to fears of exacerbating symptoms and wound complications. PSD had a complex influence on self‐perception and emotional state, leading to changed relationships with others. This was largely driven by the forced reliance on others for wound care. The final theme highlighted concerns regarding unexpected disease course and outcomes stemming from a lack of patient awareness of PSD.ConclusionThis study informs a more sophisticated understanding of the experience of individuals living with PSD and has identified recommendations that should guide future clinical practice and research.
Baseline and cumulative Chinese visceral adiposity index and diabetic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Ming , Liu Qitong , Liu Yang , Ning Ning , Zhou Jin , Zhou Di , Zheng Huancong , Wu Shouling , Gao Jingli , Ma Yanan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) makes up nearly half of all chronic kidney disease cases and is a major cause of mortality for people with diabetes. However, the study of the association of longitudinal Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with DKD is still missing.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 7874 diabetes patients from the Kailuan study. These participants had complete repeated waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements that formed the continuous CVAI records. DKD was defined by increased proteinuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), preceded by diabetes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations between baseline and cumulative CVAI and the risk of DKD.ResultsThere is a positive association between the CVAI level, whether baseline or cumulative, and the incidence of DKD among diabetic patients (p for log‐rank tests <0.001). Compared to low CVAI level, the high baseline CVAI level was positively associated with the risk of DKD (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.42), as well as the high cumulative CVAI level (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29–2.04). In addition, the assumption of linearity for the positive associations between both baseline (P‐nonlinear = 0.264, p for overall <0.001) and cumulative (P‐nonlinear = 0.765, p for overall <0.001) CVAI with incident DKD was satisfied.ConclusionsHigher baseline and cumulative CVAI are associated with a higher risk of DKD. This finding suggests the health benefits of low levels of CVAI and the importance of its regular surveillance among individuals with diabetes.
Apolipoprotein CIII correlates with lipoproteins in the fed state and is not regulated by leptin administration in states of hypoleptinemia induced by acute or chronic energy deficiency: Results from two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ramirez‐Cisneros Arantxa , Stefanakis Konstantinos , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMedications targeting the leptin and Apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3) pathways are currently under development for the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia. Given that both pathways are implicated in triglyceride regulation, it is unknown whether they function independently or interact under physiological conditions and under acute or long‐term energy deficiency.MethodsAPOC3 levels and their association with circulating lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated in the context of two randomised controlled studies. In Study‐1, 15 healthy individuals were examined under three distinct conditions, each lasting 72 h: isocaloric feeding, fasting with placebo administration and fasting with leptin administered at replacement doses. In Study‐2, 20 females with hypoleptinemia due to relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) for a minimum of 6 months were treated with either leptin or a placebo for 36 weeks.ResultsIn Study‐1, APOC3 levels remained stable across all arms and were unaffected by leptin administration. In the fed state, APOC3 levels presented positive correlations with various VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL sizes, and free fatty acids (FFA), most of which were not replicated in fasting. During complete energy deprivation, APOC3 was correlated with HDL molecules, glutamine and FFA, whereas its levels were positively associated only with FFA under leptin treatment. In Study‐2, APOC3 levels were lower in the leptin group, but this was not a leptin‐dependent effect. A positive correlation between APOC3 levels and HDL was observed in the leptin group.ConclusionsThese results contribute towards our better understanding of the intricate nature of lipid regulation under energy deficiency, suggesting that medications targeting the leptin and APOC3 pathways act through different metabolic pathways and thus may have independent effects from each other in regulating triglycerides.
Core strength: international evidence on the impact of energy prices on core inflation
Authors: Vlieghe Gertjan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the post‐pandemic period, there was substantial cross‐country heterogeneity in energy prices faced by consumers, due to variation in countries' energy mixes, as well as variation in government energy subsidy policies. The main contribution of this paper is to exploit this country‐level variation to show that countries with higher domestic energy prices faced higher subsequent core inflation. Core inflation rises gradually after an energy shock, for a little over a year, before falling back to the pre‐shock rate of inflation. We argue that in the aftermath of large energy price shocks, core inflation is not a reliable measure of underlying or persistent inflation, and should be adjusted for the predicted, country‐specific, energy cost pass‐through. Focusing more narrowly on services inflation rather than core inflation does not solve the problem, as services inflation responds similarly, in both magnitude and duration, to energy price shocks.
Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates
Authors: Parreira Bárbara Ribeiro , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Chikhi Lounès 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMost methods currently used to infer the “demographic history of species” interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data. This could be problematic since an increasing number of studies have shown that population structure can generate spurious signatures of population size change. Here, we simulate microsatellite data from a species subdivided into social groups where reproduction occurs according to different mating systems (monogamy, polygynandry, and polygyny). We estimate the effective population size (Ne) and quantify the effect of social structure on estimates of changes in Ne. We analyze the simulated data with two widely used methods for demographic inference. The first approach, BOTTLENECK, tests whether the samples are at mutation–drift equilibrium and thus whether a single Ne can be estimated. The second approach, msvar, aims at quantifying and dating changes in Ne. We find that social structure may lead to signals of departure from mutation–drift equilibrium including signals of expansion and bottlenecks. We also find that expansion signals may be observed under simple stationary Wright–Fisher models with low diversity. Since small populations tend to characterize many endangered species, we stress that methods trying to infer Ne should be interpreted with care and validated with simulated data incorporating information about structure. Spurious expansion signals due to social structure can mask critical population size changes. These can obscure true bottleneck events and be particularly problematic in endangered species.
Experimental Investigation of Low‐Cycle Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of AA5059 Aluminum Alloy in Air and 3.5% NaCl Solution Environments
Authors: Selvan Dharani Kumar , Ganesan Karthick , Prasath V. Manoj Mohan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe shipbuilding industry is increasingly adopting aluminum alloys like AA5059 over traditional steel alloys to achieve lighter structures, enhanced environmental protection, and improved energy efficiency. Ship structures are frequently subjected to fatigue loading from combined wave‐induced stresses and corrosive effects. This study investigates the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of AA5059 aluminum alloy in both air and a 3.5% NaCl solution to assess the impact of corrosion on fatigue life. LCF tests were conducted at strain amplitudes of ΔεT/2 = 0.3%–0.7%. The findings indicate a marked reduction in fatigue life in the NaCl solution compared with air, regardless of strain amplitude. Back (σb), effective (σeff) stresses were assessed using Dickson's approach, showing reduced back stress and increased effective stress in 3.5% NaCl, indicating diminished hardening and enhanced plastic deformation. Corrosion was observed to enhance plastic strain energy density (PSED), with specimens exhibiting massing behavior in air and non‐massing behavior in the corrosive environment. Fractographic analysis revealed corrosion pits, oxide formations, and secondary cracks in the crack initiation (CI), crack propagation (CP), and final fracture (FF) regions in NaCl. These findings on the low‐cycle corrosion fatigue performance of AA5059 provide valuable guidance for its application in shipbuilding, particularly in corrosive marine environments.
Reusable Turbine Material GH4586: Stochastic Analysis and Reliability Assessment of Low‐Cycle Fatigue Life Parameters at Multiple Temperatures
Authors: Ma Yixin , Liu Bingyang , Wang Wei , Cai Guobiao , Jin Ping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTurbines, crucial in reusable rocket engines, benefit significantly from precise fatigue life forecasting in their force‐thermal cyclic loading conditions. Further, low‐cycle fatigue life predictions can be random due to uncertainties in material properties. This study aims to analyze the probabilistic low‐cycle fatigue life of GH4586 under different temperature. Mechanical and thermal tests were carried out for the temperatures between 87 K and 1173 K. Random distributions of low‐cycle fatigue parameters were obtained using various methods. The cyclic life reliability of a reusable rocket engine turbine rotor blisk was analyzed using stochastic low‐cycle fatigue parameters. Mitchell's method had a higher prediction accuracy when the reliability was greater than 0.8. Sensitivity analysis shows the significant impact of GH4586 fatigue parameters on cyclic life reliability. Sensitivity coefficients of strength coefficient and ductility coefficient are 32.73% and 27.06%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights that inform the design of turbines and enhance their reliability.
Water Temperature, Prey Concentration and Salmonid Density Influence Daily Growth of Wild Juvenile Salmonids in Tributaries of the Upper Salmon River, Idaho (USA)
Authors: Kiffney Peter. M. , Sanderson Beth L. , Veggerby Karl B. , Lamb Jesse James , Axel Gordon A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Theory, experiments and field studies indicate that the somatic growth rate of freshwater consumers is shaped by the individual, additive and multiplicative effects of multiple factors, including consumer size and condition, temperature, prey resources and biotic interactions. While our understanding of how these factors affect wild populations of freshwater consumers is improving, the topic remains poorly studied, especially with respect to mobile species.

Here, we report on an 8‐year, seven‐stream (n = 49 stream‐year combinations) observational study examining the individual and interactive effects of invertebrate prey concentration (F, mg/m3), mean daily water temperature (T, °C) and juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) density (D, fish/100 m2) on summer daily growth rates (%/d) of mobile, anadromous, juvenile Chinook salmon (age‐0+, n = 382) and sub‐yearling (age‐0+, n = 61) and yearling (age‐1+) steelhead trout (O. mykiss, n = 70) rearing in cold (mean daily summer: 12.1°C, range: 4.2°C–16.7°C) mountain tributaries of the Salmon River basin in central Idaho (USA).

AICc model selection indicated that daily juvenile salmonid growth positively correlated with water temperature, prey biomass concentration, local juvenile Chinook density and the interaction between water temperature and food but with species and age‐specific differences. Water temperature was a covariate in all top‐ranked models, with daily growth (%/day) rate increasing (0.05%–0.23%/d) linearly with mean daily summer water temperature. In addition to a direct positive relationship with daily growth rate, there was evidence that prey concentration positively interacted with water temperature to accelerate daily growth (F × T). The positive relationship between juvenile salmonid daily growth rate and juvenile Chinook density is difficult to explain and could result from confounding factors.

The individual success observed in these streams may contribute to population‐level benefits for the focal consumers, as prey‐rich, warm summers may result in larger individuals with higher energy reserves at the end of the summer/autumn growing season, contributing to improved overwinter survival.

Our results, taken in combination with evidence from models, experiments and observational studies, have climate change implications. Current and predicted increases in water temperature will necessitate higher rates of prey consumption by aquatic ectothermic consumers to offset accelerated metabolic demands.

Thus, to improve the resilience of mobile freshwater consumers in a warming climate, we suggest that natural resource managers not only consider physical and chemical habitat conditions but also biotic conditions, including the spatiotemporal quantity and quality of prey resources.
Development of a novel laboratory approach for evaluating the adhesion strength of biofilms to human dentine
Authors: Bulmer Jason , Chew Y. M. John , George Roy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionBiofilms may show varying adherence strengths to dentine. This study quantified the shear force required for the detachment of multispecies biofilm from the dentine using fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) and computation fluid dynamics (CFD). To date this force has not been quantified.MethodsMultispecies biofilms were grown over 3, 7 and 14 days on 2 mm thick dentine sections of human molars (n = 8 per group). The FDG technique with different suction flow rates (100%, 80% and 40%) was used to assess biofilm removal. At maximum suction (100%), the flow rate was 500 mL/min. Digital images of each stained dentine sample were captured (10× magnification) before and after subjecting the samples to the various suction flow rates. The change in colour saturation versus control (△E) value was determined to assess removal of biofilm using digital softwares (Image J© and Colormine©). The imposed shear forces were then estimated using CFD and correlated with the △E values.ResultsFDG and CFD analysis showed that complete removal of biofilm by using water as the gauging liquid was not possible across any of the experimental groups. Three‐day biofilms required significantly lower shear forces for removal than 7‐day or 14‐day biofilms.The maximum shear forces were seen in the 14‐day biofilm group at all flow rates tested.When assessing for residual biofilm on the dentine, the △E value showed residual biofilms of approximately 40% at all time periods at a 100% flowrate. Complete removal of multispecies biofilm was not possible in any experimental group.ConclusionsThis study for the first‐time records forces needed to remove polymicrobial biofilms form the surface of a dentine sample. Within the limits of this study, mature biofilms require greater shear forces for removal. This is important when planning protocols for biofilm removal.