bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodically‐Generated Alkyl Radicals Derived from Carboxylic Acids as Reactive Intermediates for Addition to Alkenes
Authors: Ding Haoran , Orazov Marat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemically driven C−C coupling has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of some organic syntheses currently accomplished through thermochemical methods. Here, we use electrochemical oxidation of carboxylic acids as a source of reactive carbon‐centered radicals that enable radical addition to alkenes in the anode boundary layer. We demonstrate an optimization of reaction conditions to suppress the thermodynamically favored, but synthetically undesirable radical self‐coupling in favor of radical addition to styrene. In methanol solvent, 88 % selectivity and 72 % Faradaic efficiency for targeted functionalized benzenes are achieved. For low current densities, iridium anodes outperform platinum, gold, palladium, and glassy carbon anodes. With constant potential or constant current electrolyses, the deposition of organic by‐products on the catalyst surface leads to anode passivation. We show that periodic cathodic current pulses effectively regenerate the catalyst. Lastly, we confirm the role of free radicals in the reaction mechanism with a radical trap.
Experimental and Computational Aspects of Electrochemical Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy: A Review
Authors: Guidat Margot , Löw Mario , Kölbach Moritz , Kim Jongmin , May Matthias M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrode/electrolyte interfaces play a crucial role in many electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. Hence, a deep understanding of the interfacial structure, energetic alignment and processes is of high relevance and has triggered the development of a number of in situ and operando techniques. One approach for gaining information about the change in surface chemistry and structure on an atomic scale is reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). This review presents and discusses the continuing effort to develop RAS as an in situ optical probe for solid‐liquid interfaces under applied potentials. Experimental and computational basic principles are presented and key challenges of electrochemical RAS are highlighted. Furthermore, we exemplarily demonstrate the potential of the method for spectroelectrochemistry, focusing on indium phosphide‐ and gold‐aqueous electrolyte interfaces as exemplary case studies, and outline research directions for battery systems.
Single‐atomic Co‐B2N2 sites anchored on carbon nanotube arrays promote lithium polysulfide conversion in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Zhifeng , Yan Yajing , Zhang Yongguang , Chen Yanxu , Peng Xianyun , Wang Xin , Zhao Weimin , Qin Chunling , Liu Qian , Liu Xijun , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to low cost, high capacity, and high energy density, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted much attention; however, their cycling performance was largely limited by the poor redox kinetics and low sulfur utilization. Herein, predicted by density functional theory calculations, single‐atomic Co‐B2N2 site‐imbedded boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon nanotubes (SA‐Co/BNC) were designed to accomplish high sulfur loading, fast kinetic, and long service period Li–S batteries. Experiments proved that Co‐B2N2 atomic sites can effectively catalyze lithium polysulfide conversion. Therefore, the electrodes delivered a specific capacity of 1106 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and exhibited an outstanding cycle performance over 1000 cycles at 1 C with a decay rate of 0.032% per cycle. Our study offers a new strategy to couple the combined effect of nanocarriers and single‐atomic catalysts in novel coordination environments for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Orientational Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Pyrene Clusters by Using a DNA Scaffold
Authors: Kashida Hiromu , Ito Yuka , Kakuta Takahiro , Ogoshi Tomoki , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hiromu Kashida and Hiroyuki Asanuma at Nagoya University and co‐workers. The image depicts the orientation dependence of circularly polarized luminescent. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300182.
Preparation and chromatographic performance of chiral peptide‐based stationary phases for enantiomeric separation
Authors: Ma Zhengyue , Shang Panpan , Liu Delu , Nie Yangyang , Liu Yanli , Guo Xinyuan , Wei Benben , Bai Ligai , Qiao Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study presents the development of three new chiral stationary phases. They are based on silica modified with peptides containing phenylalanine and proline. Successful analyses and characterizations were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. After this, the enantioselective performance of the three chiral peptide‐based columns was evaluated. The evaluation used 11 racemic compounds under normal‐phase high performance liquid chromatography mode. Optimized enantiomeric separation conditions were established. Under these conditions, the enantiomers of flurbiprofen and naproxen were successfully separated on CSP‐1 column: the separation factor of these was 1.27 and 1.21, respectively. In addition, the reproducibility of the CSP‐1 column was also investigated. The results of the investigation illustrated that the stationary phases have good reproducibility (RSD = 0.73%, n = 5).
Fluorescent Silk Obtained by Feeding Silkworms with Fluorescent Materials†
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Fan , Sun Zhao‐Nan , Xiong Huan‐Ming 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryFluorescent silk has potential application in many fields such as bioimaging, tissue engineering scaffolds, luminescent marks, and dazzling fabrics. Among the methods to endow natural silk with fluorescent properties, feeding silkworms with fluorescent additives is facile, low‐cost and environment friendly, which has the prospect of large‐scale production. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress for this aim in the past ten years, and summarized the unified characteristics for the substances that can enter the silk gland by digestive tract of silkworms. The advantages and disadvantages of various fluorescent materials for this application are compared in detail. And the future research directions are suggested to overcome the shortcomings of the present research.
Meningitis caused by the varicella vaccine virus in 17 immunized children and adolescents from the United States, Europe, and Japan
Authors: Grose Charles , Bonthius Daniel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe varicella vaccination program has an excellent safety record. The vaccine virus, like its wild‐type counterpart, can enter latency and later reactivate as herpes zoster. A lesser known but serious adverse event following reactivation is varicella vaccine meningitis. We investigate that adverse event. We performed a literature search using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines to locate all published cases of varicella vaccine meningitis. We continued the search through January 2023. We found 17 cases of varicella vaccine meningitis. The first case was published in 2003, and the last case was published in 2023. The children lived in the United States, Greece, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan. Among the 17 cases, 14 were immunocompetent; nine of the 17 were adolescents. One potential risk factor was the administration of corticosteroids three to four weeks before the onset of meningitis. Varicella vaccine meningitis is a rare but one of the more serious adverse events that occurs several years following varicella vaccination. In immunocompetent children, this complication is treatable with a single course of intravenous acyclovir after hospitalization.
Distributed and deep vertical federated learning with big data
Authors: Liu Ji , Zhou Xuehai , Mo Lei , Ji Shilei , Liao Yuan , Li Zheng , Gu Qin , Dou Dejing 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIn recent years, data are typically distributed in multiple organizations while the data security is becoming increasingly important. Federated learning (FL), which enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without exchanging the raw data, has attracted more and more attention. Based on the distribution of data, FL can be realized in three scenarios, that is, horizontal, vertical, and hybrid. In this article, we propose to combine distributed machine learning techniques with vertical FL and propose a distributed vertical federated learning (DVFL) approach. The DVFL approach exploits a fully distributed architecture within each party in order to accelerate the training process. In addition, we exploit homomorphic encryption to protect the data against honest‐but‐curious participants. We conduct extensive experimentation in a large‐scale cluster environment and a cloud environment in order to show the efficiency and scalability of our proposed approach. The experiments demonstrate the good scalability of our approach and the significant efficiency advantage (up to 6.8 times with a single server and 15.1 times with multiple servers in terms of the training time) compared with baseline frameworks.
Determining the Conformational Stability of a Protein from Urea and Thermal Unfolding Curves
Authors: Thurlkill Richard L. , Trevino Saul R. , Scholtz J. Martin , Grimsley Gerald R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article contains protocols for determining the conformational stability of a globular protein from either urea or thermal unfolding curves. Circular dichroism is the optical spectroscopic technique most commonly used to monitor protein unfolding. These protocols describe how to analyze data from an unfolding curve to obtain the thermodynamic parameters necessary to calculate conformational stability, and how to determine differences in stability between protein variants. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 71:28.4.1‐28.4.14. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Determining protein conformational stability from urea‐induced unfolding curvesSupport Protocol 1: Preparing a urea stock solutionSupport Protocol 2: Analyzing urea unfolding curvesBasic Protocol 2: Determining the conformational stability of a protein from thermal unfolding curvesSupport Protocol 3: Analyzing thermal unfolding curvesSupport Protocol 4: Determining differences in conformational stability for protein variants
The effect of preparation design on the fracture resistance and adaptation of the CEREC ceramic endocrowns
Authors: Jalali Samar , Jalali Hamid , Kharazi Fard Mohammad Javad , Abdolrahmani Ali , Alikhasi Marzieh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this experimental in vitro study was to assess the effect of having one or two intact axial walls on the improvement of the fracture resistance, and marginal and internal adaptation of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturer fabricated ceramic endocrowns.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six endodontically treated mandibular molars were divided into three groups (n = 12). Group A, represented teeth that all of their axial walls were reduced till they all had 3 mm height. In group B, the buccal wall had 5 mm height and the others were reduced to 3 mm. Specimens of the group C had 5‐mm‐height buccal and one 5 mm‐height proximal wall, with all other walls of 3 mm height. All teeth were scanned using intraoral scanner, and endocrowns were milled from zirconia lithium silicate ceramics blocks. The marginal and internal discrepancy of restorations were evaluated with the replica technique. Fracture resistance was also measured after cementation and modes of failure were observed. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD multiple comparisons were used to analyze the data (α = .5).ResultsSignificant differences were observed within the groups in terms of the axial discrepancy (p = .022); group A had significantly higher amounts of axial discrepancy compared to group B (p = .001) and group C (p = .003). Preservation of the intact axial walls did not result in a statistically significant decrease in marginal (p = .21) and pulpal (p = .31) discrepancy values. Also, concerning the fracture resistance no significant difference was observed among the groups (p = .51).ConclusionPreservation of at least one of the axial walls could reduce the amount of the axial discrepancy and, therefore, improves the adaptation of the restoration. However, based on this study, it did not improve fracture resistance.
Hydrogen Production and Carbon Capture by Gas‐Phase Methane Pyrolysis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lott Patrick , Mokashi Manas B. , Müller Heinz , Heitlinger Dominik J. , Lichtenberg Sven , Shirsath Akash B. , Janzer Corina , Tischer Steffen , Maier Lubow , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the research group of Olaf Deutschmann and the team of Patrick Lott at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The Cover image shows how an electrically heated reactor converts methane from natural gas or biogas into gaseous hydrogen and elemental carbon by means of high‐temperature pyrolysis. The transfer of this technology into industrial applications can be a valuable contribution towards a decarbonization of the chemical industry and the establishment of a hydrogen economy. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201720.
CMOS linear voltage‐controlled positive/negative floating resistance configuration and its application in realising a voltage controllable all‐pass filter
Authors: Senani Raj , Rai Manish , Singh Abdhesh Kumar 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis letter presents a general CMOS linear voltage‐controlled resistance (VCR) configuration, which can be configured as a voltage‐controlled floating positive resistance (VCFPR) and a voltage‐controlled floating negative resistance (VCFNR) by a simple artifice of changing two connections. The validity of this configuration has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations using 0.18‐μm CMOS process parameters. As an illustration of the utility of the proposed configuration, an application in which both VCFPR and VCFNR are utilised to realise a voltage tuneable all pass filter has been presented whose workability too has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations.
Callicarpa stoloniformis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Southeast China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Ma Zhonghui , Su Xiangxiu , Cai Huimin , Su Zhiwei , Chen Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCallicarpa stoloniformis sp. nov. (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from Fujian Province of China on the basis of both morphological and molecular data. The new species is morphologically most close to C. hainanensis. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by its unique procumbent life form, adventitious roots at nodes, papery leaves, cup‐shaped or campanulate calyx, truncate or shallow fissure calyx lobes, and smaller fruits. In addition, the new species is also similar with C. basitruncata, a species only known from the original description and the photograph of holotype, but it can differ from the latter by its procumbent shrub, purple terete branchlets with apparent linear lenticels, adventitious roots at nodes, and papery larger leaves with prominently cordate leaf base. Original photographs, illustration, distribution map, and a comparative morphological table, as well as an identification key of the related taxa are provided.
Nocturnal emergence facilitated by thermally‐induced hatching in the Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Zhu Qingjun , Lin Liu , Kong Fei , Zhang Ting , Shi Hai‐Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coincidence of hatching and emergence events with favorable conditions is crucial for turtle survival. Nocturnal emergence has been widely documented across marine and freshwater turtles, and has long been suggested as an adaptive behavior that reduces risks of heat stress and predation. To our knowledge, however, studies related to nocturnal emergence have mainly focused on the post‐hatching behaviors of turtles, and very few experimental studies have been performed to investigate the effects of hatching time on the distribution of emergence times over the course of a day. Here, we visually monitored the activity of the Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)—a shallow‐nesting freshwater turtle—from hatching to emergence. Our study provides evidence for the novel finding that (i) the timing of synchronous hatching events in P. sinensis coincides with the time of day when nest temperatures decrease, (ii) the synchrony between hatching and emergence may further facilitate their nocturnal emergence, and (iii) synchronous behaviors of hatchlings in the nest may be effective in reducing the risk of hatchling predation, and predation is more likely to occur in the asynchronous hatching groups. This study suggests that the hatching of shallow‐nesting P. sinensis in response to temperature changes in the nest might be an adaptive nocturnal emergence strategy.
Effect of circulating ceramides on adiposity and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ofori Emmanuel K. , Buabeng Alfred , Amanquah Seth D. , Danquah Kwabena O. , Amponsah Seth K. , Dziedzorm Wormenor , Dogodzi Francis K. , Adusu‐Donkor Laurinda X. , Bernard Segla K. , Asare‐Anane Henry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionInsulin resistance (IR) is one of the common chronic metabolic disorders in Africa and elsewhere. Accumulation of lipids in the body may be due to an imbalance in the metabolism of lipids, glucose and proteins. Ceramides are a sphingolipid class of lipids that are biologically active and vital in the production of more complex lipids. Circulating ceramides are thought to have a role in the development of obesity‐related IR, although the precise involvement remains unclear.AimTo investigate the impact of circulating ceramide on IR and body adiposity in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodologyThe study was observational and cross‐sectional. There were a total of 84 volunteers with T2DM and 75 nondiabetics (control). The participants' ages, body mass indexes (BMI), waist circumferences, and blood pressure (BP) were among the clinical parameters assessed. Ceramide levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, basal insulin levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were also measured. Additionally, the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR) and beta cell function (HOMA‐β) were computed.ResultsT2DM and control participants had different mean values for anthropometric parameters, BP, FPG, HbA1c, lipids, insulin, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β and ceramide levels (p < .05 for all). HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β and cardiovascular risk were significant correlates with ceramide levels in the T2DM group (r = 0.24; −0.34; 0.24, p < .05, respectively). Further, FPG (OR = 1.83, p = .01) and ceramide (OR = 1.05, p = .01) levels were significant predictors of IR in the case group.ConclusionPatients with T2DM exhibited high ceramide concentrations, which, when combined with high FPG, were associated with IR. The consequences of circulating ceramides in health and disease; however, merit further research.
The propagation behavior of hydraulic fracture network in a reservoir with cemented natural fractures
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Chen Junbin , Zhao Zhengyan , Li Ziyan , Nie Xiangrong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are still some problems in the study of hydraulic fracture (HF) network evolution in cemented naturally fractured reservoirs, such as microseismic mapping showing exaggerated stimulated reservoir volume in some cases. In addition, the dominant role of natural fracture (NF) cementation strength, injection rate, in situ stress difference, NF distribution, and fracture initiation sequence of perforations in synthetically influencing fracture network formation needs to be further studied. For this purpose, a three‐dimensional matrix hexahedral element global coupled 0‐thickness cohesive element hydraulic fracturing model was developed. Results show that each interaction between HF and NF causes HF diameter shrinkage, which increases the propagation pressure of HF. When the cementation strength of the NF is low, the HF tends to deviate toward the tip of the NF to form a complex fracture network. Increasing the injection rate and the number of NFs can significantly enhance the complexity of the HF network, but does not change the HF and NF interaction pattern. The in situ stress differences dominate the morphology of the HF network when the cementation strength of NFs is constant. The stress interference of multiple fractures under segmented fracturing may form “S”‐shaped HFs, and the HFs are difficult to maintain a symmetrical morphology in the direction of the well axis. In addition, some NFs in inactivated damaged zones have developed a certain width geometrically due to the induced effect of HF, but they are still isolated by the low permeability matrix and might only generate some microseismic events.
Vegetable‐enriched bread: Pilot and feasibility study of measurement of changes in skin carotenoid concentrations by reflection spectroscopy as a biomarker of vegetable intake
Authors: Amoah Isaac , Cairncross Carolyn , Rush Elaine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobally, bread is a staple food and thus a promising vehicle for the delivery of nutrients from vegetables including carotenoids. The aim of this pilot/feasibility, pre–post experimental study was to measure skin (Veggie Meter™) and plasma carotenoid concentrations 1 week before (week −1), immediately prior to (week 0), and after (week 2) 14 days of daily consumption of 200 g pumpkin‐ and sweetcorn‐enriched bread (VB). At each measurement point, total vegetable and fruit intake and specific carotenoid‐rich foods were assessed by questionnaire. Participants (n = 10, 8 males, 2 females) were aged between 19 and 39 years and weighed 90 ± 20 kg. Vegetable and fruit intake was low and less than one serving/day of foods containing carotenoids. Prior to the intervention, measures of carotenoid‐containing foods and skin or plasma carotenoids were not different when measured a week apart. Consumption of the VB did not result in statistically significant changes in either the skin or plasma carotenoid measurements. Plasma carotenoid concentrations and the carotenoid reflection scores had a large and positive (r = .845, 95% CI 0.697, 0.924) association. The relationship between the number of servings of carotenoid‐rich foods with the plasma carotenoid and carotenoid reflection scores was positive and of moderate strength. In conclusion, carotenoid status was not measurably changed with the consumption of 200 g VB each day for 2 weeks. Subjective carotenoid‐rich food intake was positively associated with objective biomarkers of carotenoids. The Veggie meter™ has the potential to provide portable measurement of circulating carotenoids and be indicative of intake of carotenoid‐rich foods.