bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transgressions of Gerasimos Avlonites
Authors: Campbell Ted A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Gerasimos Avlonites (fl. 1752-1773; often referred to as “Erasmus of Arcadia”) was an Orthodox Christian leader of Crete who traveled in northern Europe and Britain in the mid-eighteenth century. He performed ordinations of Protestant clergy, though he did so in Greek following Orthodox customs. Based on documentary evidence that has come to light in recent years in British and European collections, this essay paints a complex picture of a native of Corfu and a subject of the Latin and Catholic Republic of Venice, exiled from his ecclesiastical see in Ottoman-dominated Crete, who brought his own pietistic sense of Christian unity to his interactions with European Protestants who were also evolving a pietistic sense of Christian identity in the mid-eighteenth century. This article asks if, in addition to being expelled from Crete by Ottoman rulers, Gerasimos may also have committed other infractions of discipline that forced him to leave Greece. The essay points to a conjunction of conflicting cultures to show how Gerasimos transgressed conventional cultural, political, and ecclesiastical boundaries.
Evaluación electrofisiológica del sistema auditivo y vestibular
Authors: Olmedo G. Diego , Chiti-Morales Alessandra , Córdova J. Héctor , Delano Paul H. 
Published: June 2023

The clinical evaluation of hearing loss in adult patients is usually performed by perceptual
assessment through audiometer tests. This evaluation requires cooperation of the evaluated
subjects. On the other hand, it is not possible to perform a perceptual audiometer test in
newborns, and due to the need of an early audiological management of deafness in newborns
-with hearing aids or cochlear implants-, modern medicine requires early diagnosis of hearing
loss, preferably before the age of three months. Several electrophysiological clinical tools have
been developed in audiology that allow us to make early diagnosis of hearing loss in those
who are unable to respond an audiometry. The electrophysiological evaluation of the auditory
system includes cochlear potentials, auditory brainstem responses, and cortical auditory
evoked potentials. On the other hand, the electrophysiological evaluation of the vestibular
system includes the cervical and ocular myogenic vestibular potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs).
This article also includes a brief description of otoacoustic emissions, which are not an electric
measure of the central nervous system, but are widely used as a diagnostic tool in pediatric
audiology. The physiological advances in the knowledge of the auditory system allowed the
early diagnosis of hearing loss in the newborn. However, none of these electrophysiological
tests replaces the perceptual evaluation of hearing thresholds with audiometric tests.
Caracterización de pacientes pediátricos usuarios de fototerapia en el Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (2007-2015)
Authors: Esteffan C. Jimena , Gálvez R. Karla , De la Fuente E. Raúl , Araya B. Irene , Zemelman D. Viviana 
Published: June 2023

Background: Phototherapy is the use of specific wavelenghts of light that have shown
effectiveness in the treatment of several cutaneous diseases. Current indications for
phototherapy in Dermatology include multiple pathologies and it is considered to be cost-
effective. Literature about its use in children is rare, there are no studies on phototherapy in
Chilean children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study.
Clinical records of pediatric patients treated with phototherapy at University of Chile Clinical
Hospital between 2007 and 2015, were studied. For each patient, the following parameters were
analyzed: age of starting treatment, sex, skin phenotype, diagnosis, prescribed phototherapy
and weekly frecuency. RESULTS: 146 patients, 85 girls and 51 boys, average age 11.7 ±
4.0 years. Predominant skin phenotype, was Fitzpatrick type III. Vitiligo was identified as the
most common indication for phototherapy (52,2 %), followed by psoriasis (22,6 %). By a large
margin, the most used type of phototherapy was nb UVB (96.6 %). Most of the patients were
treated twice per week (69.2 %). DISCUSSION: The obtained results in this group are similar to
those results described in the international literature. Further studies are required for a better
knowledge about efficacy and possible long-term effects of phototherapy on Chilean children.
Déficit de Alfa-1-antitripsina y su tratamiento
Authors: Cid Q. Catherina , Sbarbaro A. Daniella , Schilling Sara , Silva S. Boris , Larraín Diego , Mendoza I. Laura 
Published: June 2023

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the codifying gene for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein, which has anti-elastase activity. While there is extensive genetic variability, the most common genotypes associated with AATD are PI*Z y PI*S. Most clinical manifestations are pulmonary (i.e. emphysema) and hepatic, though other pathologies, such as panniculitis and Wegener’s granulomatosis, can also present with this disorder. To date, there is no cure for AATD, and treatment options are focused on reducing the frequency of exacerbations and relieving symptoms; among these, augmentation therapy,
which raises AAT levels through serum injections of the protein to correct the deficit, has been the most effective. Novel findings of this therapy are discussed, along with research efforts that explore new treatment options based on gene therapy or the use of protein chaperones, for instance. In Chile, no epidemiological studies on AATD have been conducted, so it is unknown exactly how many individuals are affected or if they receive adequate treatment.
PARALLELISMI E DISCONTINUITÀ IN DUE CONTESTI ANGLOFONI
Authors: Di Salvo Margherita 
Published: June 2023

Questo contributo descrive i repertori linguistici degli italiani migrati stanziati a Toronto (Canada) e a Londra (Regno Unito); propone di mostrare la loro evoluzione nel corso delle diverse ondate migratorie, in modo da individuare somiglianze e divergenze tra i flussi degli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta e le migrazioni contemporanee. In tale prospettiva, obiettivo ultimo del contributo è evidenziare la criticità della nozione di heritage langauge così come applicata allo studio delle comunità italiane nel mondo e di suggerire modelli di lettura alternativi basati al concetto di repertorio linguistico.

Parallelisms and discontinuities in two anglophone contexts
This paper focuses on the linguistic repertoires of Italian migrants settled in two different cities, that are Toronto (in Canada) and London (in the UK). It aims to show their evolution during the various migratory waves and to identify similarities and differences between the flows that took place in the Fifties and in the Sixties and those that started after the recent crisis. The ultimate goal of the paper is to highlight the critical points of the heritage language approach as applied to the study of Italian communities worldwide: the paper aims of discuss alternative approaches based on the notion of linguistic multiple repertoire that has been recently proposed by several authors.
L’ITALIANO ETEROGLOTTO NELL’INTERAZIONE CON ITALOFONI IN ESTONIA: ROVESCIAMENTI DELL’ALTERNANZA DI CODICE
Authors: Revelli Luisa 
Published: June 2023

La presenza dell’italiano in Estonia è fenomeno recente e quantitativamente limitato: soltanto dall’inizio del nuovo millennio il Paese baltico è diventato meta desiderabile per giovani italofoni alla ricerca di una destinazione inconsueta e cosmopolitica, attrattiva per i suoi primati tecnologici ed ecologici. L’italiano in Estonia non è però soltanto la lingua degli italofoni: principalmente per il loro tramite o comunque nell’ambito delle loro reti relazionali - soprattutto ma non soltanto nei contesti familiari misti - è conosciuto da persone di differente lingua materna che lo praticano almeno occasionalmente, come codice eteroglotto. Dopo aver presentato le principali evidenze emerse da un’inchiesta sociolinguistica, il contributo si concentra sull’analisi dei fenomeni di alternanza tra l’italiano e le altre lingue presenti sul territorio. La discussione di esempi raccolti attraverso l’osservazione diretta di conversazioni naturali fra coppie, nuclei familiari e gruppi linguisticamente misti colloca il focus sui casi di rovesciamento che si verificano quando le aspettative del parlante italofono sono disattese perché l’italiano adottato come codice-base viene dall’interlocutore sostituito con altra lingua o al contrario è inaspettatamente introdotto.

HETEROGLOT ITALIAN IN INTERACTION WITH ITALOPHONES IN ESTONIA: REVERSALS OF CODE ALTERNATION
The presence of the Italian language in Estonia is a recent and quantitatively limited phenomenon: only since the beginning of the new millennium has the Baltic country become an attractive destination for young Italian speakers looking for an unusual and cosmopolitan destination, attractive for its technological and ecological primates. However, Italian in Estonia is not only the language of Italian speakers: mainly through them or in any case within their relational networks, especially but not only in mixed family contexts, it is known by people of different mother tongues who practice it at least occasionally, as a heteroglot code. After presenting the main evidence emerging from a sociolinguistic investigation, the contribution focuses on the analysis of the phenomena of alternation between Italian and the other languages present in the area. The discussion of examples collected through direct observation of natural conversations between couples, families and linguistically mixed groups draws attention to cases of reversal that occur when speakers’ expectations are disregarded because within a conversation Italian is suddenly replaced by another language or, on the contrary, is unexpectedly introduced.
«DICEVA CHE ERA ITALIANO»: L’IO E L’ALTRO IN INTERVISTE DI DISCENDENTI DI ITALIANI DI SAN PAOLO
Authors: Del Poz dos Santos Luiza , Santoro Elisabetta 
Published: June 2023

Lo studio della costruzione discorsiva dell’identità è un campo fecondo ‒ e ancora poco esplorato ‒ per comprendere la migrazione. L’integrazione del migrante e dei suoi discendenti nella comunità di destinazione è collegata a rappresentazioni di sé, dell'altro e del mondo, che possono essere comprese meglio attraverso uno studio linguistico-discorsivo. Partendo dall’approccio metodologico della Storia Orale, il gruppo di ricerca “Língua, Identidade e Memória: os italianos no Brasil” realizza interviste con (discendenti di) migranti italiani, incentrate sull’esperienza migratoria diretta o trasmessa dai familiari per investigare in particolare la costruzione dell’italianità degli italo-brasiliani. In questo articolo, analizziamo le occorrenze di “eterogeneità discorsiva mostrata” in cinque interviste con discendenti di italiani arrivati a San Paolo durante la cosiddetta “Grande Emigrazione”. Le domande guida sono: (1) quali caratteristiche vengono associate all’italianità e come vengono presentate nelle occorrenze di eterogeneità mostrata?; (2) cosa possiamo inferire sull’io e sull’italianità dall’incorporazione del discorso altrui in quello degli intervistati? Le ricorrenze evidenziano un’italianità in genere associata a aspetti valutati positivamente, come l’etica del lavoro e la spiccata “allegria”, oltre a una tensione tra enunciatori e italianità.
“HE SAID HE WAS ITALIAN”: THE SELF AND THE OTHER IN INTERVIEWS OF DESCENDANTS OF ITALIANS FROM SÃO PAULO
The study of the discursive construction of identity is a fruitful – and a yet under-explored – field for understanding migration. The integration of the migrant and their descendants into the destination community is linked to representations of self, other, and world, which can be better understood through a linguistic-discursive study. Starting from the methodological approach of Oral History, the research group “Língua, Identidade e Memória: os italianos no Brasil” conducts interviews with (descendants of) Italian migrants, focusing on the direct migration experience or transmitted by family members to investigate in particular the construction of Italian-ness of Italian-Brazilians. In this paper, we analyze the occurrences of shown discursive heterogeneity in five interviews with descendants of Italians who arrived in São Paulo during the so-called “Great Emigration”. The guiding questions are (1) what characteristics are associated with Italian-ness and how are they presented in the occurrences of shown heterogeneity?; (2) what can we infer about the self and Italian-ness from the incorporation of others’ discourse into that of the interviewees? The occurrences show Italian-ness generally associated with positively valued aspects, such as work ethic and marked “cheerfulness”, as well as a tension between the subjects and Italian-ness.
GLI EFFETTI DELLA L2 SULLA L1: UNO STUDIO SULLE RISPOSTE AL COMPLIMENTO DI ITALIANI EMIGRATI IN CINA
Authors: Samu Borbala 
Published: June 2023

Il transfer pragmatico, secondo la definizione di Kasper (1992), descrive l’influenza esercitata dalla conoscenza pragmatica collegata a lingue e culture diverse dalla L2 sulla comprensione, sulla produzione e sull’acquisizione di informazioni pragmatiche nella L2. Rispetto all’ampia documentazione su questo tipo di transfer nella realizzazione degli atti linguistici, le ricerche sul transfer pragmatico nell’altra direzione, cioè relative all’impatto della L2 sugli usi nella L1, sono relativamente scarse, malgrado la rilevanza dei dati in esse riportati. Il presente studio mira ad ampliare le indagini sul transfer inverso, analizzando le strategie di risposta al complimento utilizzate da italiani madrelingua residenti in Cina, parlanti di cinese. I dati sono stati raccolti tramite un test di completamento del discorso (DCT) scritto e analizzati con l’aiuto di test statistici. I risultati dello studio evidenziano la complessità del fenomeno del transfer pragmatico, di carattere bidirezionale e dipendente da una serie di fattori quali la competenza in L2, l’integrazione nella società d’accoglienza, la scelta del parlante (per lo più inconsapevole) di aderire agli schemi culturali della L1 o della L2, mentre nei nostri dati il tipo di lavoro esercitato non ha un peso notevole. Quest’ultimo aspetto ci permette di riflettere sugli usi linguistici degli insegnanti di italiano emigrati in Cina e sull’importanza di interventi formativi mirati ed efficaci per aiutarli a diventare più consapevoli dei propri usi linguistici.
THE EFFECTS OF L2 ON L1: A STUDY ON THE COMPLIMENT RESPONSES OF ITALIAN EMIGRANTS TO CHINA
Pragmatic transfer, as defined by Kasper (1992), describes the influence exerted by pragmatic knowledge related to languages and cultures other than the L2 on the understanding, production, and acquisition of pragmatic information in the L2. Compared to the extensive documentation on this type of transfer in the realization of speech acts, research on pragmatic transfer in the other direction, i.e., related to the impact of the L2 on uses in L1, is relatively scarce, despite the relevance of the data reported. The aim of the present study is to broaden research on reverse transfer by analyzing compliment response strategies used by native Italians, speakers of Chinese, living in China. Data were collected through a written discourse completion test (DCT) and analyzed though statistical tests. The results of the study highlight the complexity of the pragmatic transfer phenomenon, which is bidirectional in nature and depends on several factors such as L2 proficiency, integration in the host society, the speaker's (mostly unconscious) choice to adhere to L1 or L2 cultural patterns, while in our data the type of employment has no significant influence. This last aspect allows us to make some considerations about the language uses of native Italian teachers in China and the importance of targeted and effective training interventions to help them become more aware of their own language uses.
L’IMPATTO E LA VALIDITÀ DEI PROCESSI DI VALUTAZIONE DELL’ITALIANO L2. RIFLESSIONI SUGLI APPRENDENTI SINOFONI IN ACCESSO AL SISTEMA DELLA FORMAZIONE SUPERIORE IN ITALIA
Authors: Machetti Sabrina , Masillo Paola 
Published: June 2023

L’impatto della valutazione linguistica certificatoria nel percorso formativo degli studenti internazionali in accesso al sistema universitario italiano e alle AFAM è tema che rimane ad oggi ampiamente da analizzare. Come argomentato da Saville (2000), le prove fornite in sede di valutazione certificatoria possono avere un impatto, positivo o negativo, sul processo formativo e sulla società in generale, impatto che di certo influenza il futuro degli studenti e la loro possibilità di successo anche in contesto accademico. Il contributo discute i risultati di un’analisi quantitativa e qualitativa svolta sugli esami di Certificazione CILS (Certificazione d’Italiano come Lingua Straniera – Università per Stranieri di Siena), sostenuti al termine del percorso di formazione linguistica dagli studenti del Programma Marco Polo Turandot. L’analisi dei dati mira a fornire evidenze utili per una riflessione sullo sviluppo della competenza linguistico-comunicativa di tali studenti. Al dato quantitativo si abbina un’analisi qualitativa delle percezioni degli stessi studenti, rilevate al termine dell’esame. L’analisi dell’impatto si lega al più generale processo di validazione degli esami CILS, e alla necessità di fornire continue evidenze di validità ed affidabilità, che il contributo discute ai fini della revisione del costrutto dell’esame.
THE IMPACT AND VALIDITY OF ITALIAN L2 ASSESSMENT PROCESSES. REFLECTIONS ON SYNOPHONIC LEARNERS ACCESSING THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ITALY
The impact of Italian language proficiency tests in the academic path of international students entering the Italian university system and AFAM is an issue that remains largely to be investigated. As argued by Saville (2000), the evidence provided by international examinations can have an impact, either positive or negative, on the educational process and on society in general. This impact certainly influences the future of students as well as their chance of success in the academic context. The paper discusses the results of a mixed methods research carried out on the CILS (Certificazione d’Italiano come Lingua Straniera - University for Foreigners of Siena) exams taken by students in the Marco Polo Turandot Programme at the end of their language course. The data analysis aims at providing evidence to build a discussion on the development of students’ linguistic and communicative competence. The quantitative data is combined with a qualitative analysis of students’ perceptions, gathered after the CILS exam. The impact analysis is linked to the more general validation process of the CILS exams, and to the need to provide continuous evidence of validity and reliability, which the paper explores for construct revision purposes.
PAROLE DI ORIGINE ITALIANA NELLA LINGUA UNGHERESE: BREVE STORIA DELLA QUESTIONE E INSERIMENTO DEL MATERIALE NEL PROGETTO OIM
Authors: Fábián Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2023

È un fatto generalmente noto che molte parole di origine italiana sono state inserite in molte lingue europee, quindi anche in ungherese: questa lingua è utilizzata nel bacino dei Carpazi dalla fine del X secolo e tra lItalia e l’Ungheria i rapporti politico-economici-culturali (grazie anche alla distanza geografica relativamente ridotta) erano e sono, in ogni tempo, molto vivaci e stretti. La presenza di italianismi nella lingua ungherese nell’importante progetto lessicale comparativo denominato OIM, promosso dall’Accademia della Crusca di Firenze, è testimoniata, da un lato, dalle molte centinaia di parole (in molti casi polisemiche) di origine italiana presenti nella lingua ungherese e, dall’altro, dal gran numero di studi che descrivono l’argomento in generale e in molti casi concreti. In questa breve sintesi vengono trattati i più importanti studi linguistici su singole parole italiane “importate” nella lingua ungherese (par. 3) e vengono proposti anche alcuni punti di vista e criteri (par. 4) per controllare e rendere più omogenee le descrizioni semantiche elaborate dai linguisti - esperti delle lingue, incluse nel progetto OIM.

Words of Italian origin in the Hungarian language: brief history of the issue and inclusion of material in the OIM project
It is a generally known fact that many words of Italian origin has been entered in many European languages, so in Hungarian too: this language is used in the Carpathian Basin from the end of the X century and between Italy and Hungary the political-economic-cultural relations (thanks of the relatively little geographical distance, too) were and are, in all times, very lively and close. The presence of italianismi in the Hungarian language in the important comparative lexical project named OIM, promoved by the Accademia della Crusca in Florence, gives evidence, on the one hand, from the many hundreds of (in many cases polysemous) words of Italian origin in the Hungarian language, and on the other, from the great number of studies describing the argument in generally and many concrete cases, too. In this short summary are briefly treated the most important linguistic studies about single Italian words “imported” in the Hungarian language (par. 3.) and there are proposed some point of views and criteria, too (par. 4), to control and to make more homogeneous the semantic descriptions elaborated by the linguists - experts of the languages, included in the OIM-project.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE TAX SPHERE: PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Селюков М.В. 
Published: June 2023

Статья посвящена цифровизации экономики и её влиянию на налоговую сферу. В работе рассмотрены виды сквозных цифровых технологий, проанализирован показатель развития информационно-коммуникационных технологий (И Т) в ряде зарубежных стран. Обзор специальной литературы, официальных данных налоговой службы позволил рассмотреть, обобщить и представить эволюцию цифровизации в налоговой сфере в России.The article is devoted to the digitalization of the economy and its impact on the tax sphere. The paper considers the types of end-to-end digital technologies, analyzes the indicator of the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in a number of foreign countries. A review of the special literature and official data of the tax service made it possible to review, summarize and present the evolution of digitalization in the tax sphere in Russia.
Tax Collection Authority for Hotels Aboard Tourist Boats After Law Number 1 of 2022 and Law Number 7 of 2021
Authors: Hendra Kurniawan  , Emir YusufInspiration  , Tia Rizkya DilbarSumadi  
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This research was conducted with the aim to find out how the regulations related to the authority to collect taxes on hotels on board tours after the issuance of the HKPD Law and HPP Law. Taxes on hotels aboard tour boats so far have created a separate polemic regarding the authority of the tax collection agency authorized to collect this type of tax, namely, whether it is a Regional Tax which is the authority of the Regional Government or is it the Center which is the authority of the Central Government, this is because there is an object that is the same wedge between the hotel tax on the tour boat and the VAT on the tour ship itself. Where in Law Number 28 of 2009 it has not been specifically regulated regarding whether staying on a tour boat is part of the hotel tax. For hotels on board tours it is more appropriate to be collected by the Regional Government. In the preparation of laws related to local taxes in the future, to include hotel tax coverage from a more substantive point of view and includes the nature of the accommodation services business itself, which in the future will likely be very transformative, not only on ships, but also by train, car and other modes, for this reason, it is better not to be limited by a limited scope.