bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticizing for the public interest and aligning with others
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A. , Damiri Malak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study examines the speech act of criticizing in online comments on the COVID-19 lockdown breaches in Jordan
in 2020. Drawing on speech act theory and the face-saving perspective of politeness, the study investigates the strategies used to
criticize these breaches. The analysis of 356 online comments revealed that Jordanians used ten strategies to criticize these
lockdown breaches: Insulting, Appealing to the divine, Intertextuality, Rhetorical questions, Stylized threats, Framing criticism
as request, Framing criticism as advice-giving, Framing criticism as warning, Invoking legal authority, and Invoking religious
‘haram’. These criticisms were driven by safeguarding the collective interests of community members rather than merely expressing
personal condemnation of the breaches. The breaches were constructed in these criticisms as communally reproachable, legally
answerable, and religiously proscribed. Given their public nature, these criticisms appear to be motivated not by politeness but
by expressing strong emotions, showing in-group solidarity, and aligning with other community members.
Effect of cage bias and electron emission on the two-electron temperature groups in a hot cathode discharge
Authors: Sangma Jocelyn , Sharma Narayan , Chakraborty Monojit , Bandyopadhyay Mainak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the target multi-pole magnetic cage of the double plasma device, where the plasma diffuses through the magnetic filter after its production in the source region, the effect of the cage biasing, introduction of auxiliary filament and accelerating voltage on the control of the temperature and density of the two-electron groups in a hydrogen bi-Maxwellian plasma is carried out. This control of the electron groups in turn will help to enhance the negative ion density. In the absence of biasing voltage, the density of low-energy electrons and high-energy electrons were of the orders ∼1014 m−3 and ∼1012 m−3 respectively. As the cage is biased negatively, these values increased to an order of ∼1016 m−3 and ∼1013 m−3 respectively. With negative cage biasing, the temperature of the high energy electrons was ∼5 eV and low energy electrons ∼0.6 eV. The introduction of an auxiliary electron source in the target region together with the application of an accelerating voltage along with biasing voltage further increased the density of low-energy electrons to ∼4 × 1016 m−3.
Annealing effect on cds nanowalls grown by chemical bath deposition on glass substrate
Authors: Yildirim E , Ozmen S Ildan , Havare Ali Kemal , Gubur H Metin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the CdS thin films on the glass substrate with the effect of annealing. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a basic technique that is used in this work to form CdS thin films. The films′ (d) thickness is calculated to be 400 nm. According to the XRD results, the particle sizes for the as-deposited and the annealed CdS film are 15.15 nm and 16.56 nm, respectively. The SEM images of formed nanowalls in the films were compared for both the as-deposited and the annealed CdS structure. It was attained with the Raman spectroscopy analysis that as-deposited and annealed films include the LO phonon modes of the CdS. Moreover, FT-IR analysis was performed to determine the hydroxide ion (OH-) behavior depending on the annealing effect. The optical band gap energy of the annealed CdS nanowalls reduced from 2.31 eV to 2.19 eV, according to the UV measurements. Additionally, the Hall Effect is used to assess the conductivity and resistivity of as-deposited and annealed films. This work demonstrated that CdS films readily form nanowalls at 85 °C.
Advanced electrochemical potential monitoring for improved understanding of electrical neurostimulation protocols
Authors: Doering Moritz , Kieninger Jochen , Kübler Julian , Hofmann Ulrich G , Rupitsch Stefan J , Urban Gerald A , Weltin Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Current-controlled neurostimulation is increasingly used in the clinical treatment of neurological disorders and widely applied in neural prostheses such as cochlear implants. Despite its importance, time-dependent potential traces of electrodes during microsecond-scale current pulses, especially with respect to a reference electrode (RE), are not precisely understood. However, this knowledge is critical to predict contributions of chemical reactions at the electrodes, and ultimately electrode stability, biocompatibility, and stimulation safety and efficacy. Approach. We assessed the electrochemistry of neurostimulation protocols in vitro with Pt microelectrodes from millisecond (classical electroanalysis) to microsecond (neurostimulation) timescales. We developed a dual-channel instrumentation amplifier to include a RE in neurostimulation setups. Uniquely, we combined potential measurements with potentiostatic prepolarization to control and investigate the surface status, which is not possible in typical stimulation setups. Main results. We thoroughly validated the instrumentation and highlighted the importance of monitoring individual electrochemical electrode potentials in different configurations of neurostimulation. We investigated electrode processes such as oxide formation and oxygen reduction by chronopotentiometry, bridging the gap between milli- and microsecond timescales. Our results demonstrate how much impact on potential traces the electrode’s initial surface state and electrochemical surface processes have, even on a microsecond scale. Significance. Our unique use of preconditioning in combination with stimulation reveals that interpreting potential traces with respect to electrode processes is misleading without rigorous control of the electrode’s surface state. Especially in vivo, where the microenvironment is unknown, simply measuring the voltage between two electrodes cannot accurately reflect the electrode’s state and processes. Potential boundaries determine charge transfer, corrosion, and alterations of the electrode/tissue interface such as pH and oxygenation, particularly in long-term in vivo use. Our findings are relevant for all use-cases of constant-current stimulation, strongly advocating for electrochemical in situ investigations in many applications like the development of new electrode materials and stimulation methods.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Sukari Dates Extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) Profile in Male Wistar Rats After Induced by Meloxicam
Authors: Kadir R W , Anshar A R , Nurdin M A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is frequently administered to animals as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory medication. Meloxicam overdose and liver damage can occur if taken for an extended period of time without first consulting a veterinarian. Sukari dates extract can neutralize the effects of free radicals and protect the liver when taken orally. After being induced by a toxic dose of meloxicam, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the administration of sukari dates extract may reduce the profile of ALT and AST. 24 male wistar rats were used in this laboratory experiment, which was divided into four groups (n=6). Positive control group (K2) received 30 mg/kg BW meloxicam and 1% Na CMC, while treatment group 1 (P1) received 500 mg/kg BW sukari dates extract and 30 mg/kg BW meloxicam. Treatment group 2 (P2) received 1000 mg/kg BW sukari dates extract and 30 mg/kg BW meloxicam. The negative control group (K1) received 1% Na CMC. The study lasted for 12 days, and on the 12th day, blood samples were taken for analysis. The ALT profile decreased to 67.17 U/L and 63.00 U/L in P1 and P2, respectively, and the AST profile decreased to 142.83 U/L and 125.83 U/L. As a result, it can be concluded that toxic doses of meloxicam can cause sukari dates extract to reduce ALT and AST profiles.
Pathology of Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice Liver Treated with Extract of Breadfruit Peel (Artocarpus communis)
Authors: Wahyuwardani S , Wardhana A H , Putra G I S , Putri R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium infection can cause malaria in both humans and animals. There are reports about the resistance to certain antimalarial medications. Therefore, searching for alternative medicine, such as herbal remedies, is important. This study focused on the pathophysiology of the livers of mice infected intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei and the efficacy of ethanol extract from breadfruit peel. Fifty male DDY mice weighing 25 and 35 grams were placed into five treatment groups. The treatment group was infected with P. berghei and administered with breadfruit peel extract at 100 mg/kg: 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg, respectively, for P1, P2, and P3, P4 treated with 100 mg/kg of Doxycycline and the P5 group received no therapy. After one and two weeks, five mice from each group terminated, and then Histopathological of the liver organs were observed and scored microscopically. The results indicated that Plasmodium infection produced varied degrees of liver damage in mice. The liver’s gross pathology revealed hepatomegaly, a deeper hue than normal animal liver, and flattened edges. After two weeks of infection, histopathological examination revealed that breadfruit extract could lower the amount of Plasmodium in the liver, as indicated by decreased hemozoin, and the l iver in the healing process.
Detection of New Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Encoding Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Animals and Humans in Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniyadi H , Faiztama A D , Widiyanto A P , Aziz F , Salasia S I O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are essential in human and animal infection and food poisoning. This study analyzed ten genes (sek, sel, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq, ser, ses, and set) encoding new staphylococcal enterotoxin isolated from animals and humans by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, samples from human infection cases (174 isolates), samples from cattle (5 isolates), and samples from goats (5 isolates) resulted in a total of 183 Staphylococcus aureus isolates.. All isolates were confirmed to be Staphylococcus aureus based on bacterial culture and biochemistry as well as identification of 23S rRNA. The sel gene was most often observed in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats (4 isolates, 80%), followed by the 20% sek gene. Isolates Staphylococcus aureus from cattle, the sel gene was most often found 44% (4 isolates), followed by sek gene 22%, sep gene 22% and ser gene 11%. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from humans were found with the most sem genes 22% (38 isolates), followed by 21% sel genes, 14% sek genes, 13% sep genes, 8% sen genes, and 2% ser genes. Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats and cattle most frequently included the sel gene, whereas those from humans contained the sem gene. Detecting a new type of SE among animals and humans indicates a public health threat due to SE infection. The occurrence of this new type of SE might be used as an approach for controlling infections and food poisoning diseases.
Risk Map of African Swine Fever In Dairi District, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Primatika R A , Sumiarto B , Widiasih D A , Drastini Y , Susetya H , Nugroho W S , Putri M K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Increasing the consumption of pork can benefit farmers in several regions of Indonesia. Most of the profits earned by pig farmers are obtained through exporting pork to foreign countries. Pig farming in Indonesia is threatened with survival caused of an outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF). ASF disease outbreaks in several countries, including Indonesia, are problems that have not been resolved. This study aimed to identify the influence of environmental factors on ASF outbreaks in North Sumatra Province. Data in this study is the incidence of ASF outbreaks in 2019 and 2020, including the outbreak’s date, the outbreak, the location of the outbreak, and the number of pig deaths due to ASF. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the environmental factor influencing the incidence of disease cases (ASF) in Dairi Regency, North Sumatra Province, with p_value < 0,1, was a traditional market. The multiple linear regression equation models obtained are Yi
= 5545 X6
(Market). The traditional market has a role in the spread of ASF because of the buying and selling of live cattle and pork. The risk map is divided into three zones: high, medium, and low. High risk is a location 5 km from the market, the medium risk is a location 10 km away from the market, and low risk is 20 km from the market. The risk map can be used as a reference for the prevention and control of ASF in Dairi District, North Sumatra Province. Prevention and control can be focused on the existence of traditional markets as a source of ASF spread.
Tuberculosis Cases Detection And Identification In Deer In Indonesia
Authors: Adji R S , Nuradji H , Dewiyanti R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis is an chronic infectious disease in humans and animals caused by member from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Deer are one of the animals that are susceptible to tuberculosis and as a reservoir of Myocobacterium bovis, but can also be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One sample each of organs, lungs and lymph nodes from a dead Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) was obtained from a zoo in West Java in 2021. The test was carried out by culture method using modified Ogawa media and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of growing bacteria. The results of culture and PCR of these samples showed positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is very interesting, because it may be the first identifiable case of tuberculosis in deer in Indonesia.
Evaluation of anti-trematode activity of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl aqueous extract against Paramphistomum sp in vitro
Authors: Umami M , Pratama I S , Dewi C P , Sriasih M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl has traditionally been used as an anti-trematode, but its effectiveness needs to be scientifically tested. This study aimed to determine the anti-trematode activity of the Stachytarpheta leaf extract in vitro. The leaves were extracted using water, and their secondary metabolites were characterized by phytochemical screening. Paramphistomum sp isolated from the rumen was identified by morphometric determination. In vitro analysis of anti-trematode activity was carried out by post-test design, with control groups consisting of positive control (10% Albendazole) and negative control (0.9% NaCl), and the treatment groups consisting of the leaves aqueous extract with various concentrations (2.5%, 5%,10%). The anti-trematode effect was determined by the time required to destroy the worms. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the secondary metabolites contained in the extract were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The average time of worm death was 30 and 240 minutes for positive and negative controls. In comparison, the extract with concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% killed the Paramphistomum in an average period of 45, 60, and 80 minutes. Amongst the treatment groups, the extract at 10% concentration was the most effective (p<0.05), indicating its potential use as an anti-trematode.
The quality of fresh and frozen semen Bali bull assessed from different ejaculate volume
Authors: Gustina S , Maulidyah A M N , Jalil M F R , Bahmid N A , Farida S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Semen volume is the amount of ejaculate released by male Bali cattle during one ejaculation, which consists of spermatozoa and seminal plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Bali cattle ejaculation volume on the quality of fresh and frozen semen. Semen collection was carried out using an artificial vaginal collection method. The collected semen was then evaluated with microscopic parameters: motility, viability, and abnormalities. Semen came from 7 male Bali bulls. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the volume of Bali cattle ejaculation on the quality of fresh semen and also post thawing based on the parameters tested. The sperm concentration of Bali bulls has average 935.75 ± 80.25 x 106. The average percentage of fresh semen motility was 70.79±1.26 while that for frozen was 47.83±1.89. The average viability of fresh spermatozoa was 80.04±3.68 while frozen 52.87±0.67. The average abnormality value of fresh spermatozoa was 8.54±1.88 while frozen was 23.83±4.22. Based on these results, it was concluded that the different volume of ejaculate of Bali cattle did not affect the quality of fresh semen of Bali cattle, both fresh and frozen based on the parameters of motility, viability, and abnormalities.
Administration of alloxan and streptozotocin in Sprague Dawley rats and the challenges in producing diabetes model
Authors: Fajarwati Indah , Solihin Dedy Duryadi , Wresdiyati Tutik , Batubara Irmanida 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlloxan and streptozotocin are the most prominent diabetogenic agents in diabetes research. However, most published reports do not represent the practical importance of their application. The present study evaluated alloxan and streptozotocin with various doses to determine the optimal diabetic model in Sprague Dawley rats. This study also identified the challenges in inducing diabetes using both agents. Every dose of alloxan (120, 150, 180 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (40, 50, 60 mg/kg) was administered through intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that alloxan-induced rats produced the highest mortality at the dose of 180 mg/kg, the highest incidence of diabetes at 150 mg/kg, and the highest induction failure at 120 mg/kg. In streptozotocin-induced rats, the highest mortality was at the dose of 60 mg/kg, the highest incidence of diabetes was at the dose of 50 mg/kg, and the highest diabetes induction failure was at 40 mg/kg. Cases of self-recovery and late diabetes were found in rats that received alloxan. Meanwhile, streptozotocin-induced rats only showed cases of self-recovery, especially at the dose of 40 mg/kg. This study also found differences in blood glucose, body weight, and insulin levels among the groups. This study concluded that induction of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin resulted in the most ideal diabetic animal model based on low mortality, high induction success rate, and stable hyperglycemia.
Prediction of dilution in sublevel stoping through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Jorquera M , Korzeniowski W , Skrzypkowski K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the most used underground mining methods is open stope mining which involves extracting a large body of ore through drilling and blasting. The method offers plenty of advantages but it has some very important drawbacks, such as overbreak, wall instability and unplanned ore dilution. The research looks to test the efficiency of using machine learning algorithms to estimate the dilution in open stopes, some of the expected benefits are reduced time cost (compared to numerical analysis) and more accurate results (compared to empirical methods). The algorithms utilized are: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). The algorithms were trained and tested with 752 cases from several mines across the world. Three algorithms accomplished AUC scores over 0.850, which can be considered excellent results, but random forest achieved the most impressive results (precision score = 0.835, accuracy score = 0.804 AUC score = 0.942). From the obtained results it is possible to conclude that the machine learning algorithms can be used as trustworthy tools for the estimation of dilution, but some adjustments may be needed to increase the accuracy to specific mine sites.
Prospects of in-belt IMU sensors application for fault detection in mining conveyors
Authors: Zimroz Paweł , Krot Pavlo , Szrek Jarosław , Dębogórski Błażej 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The belt conveyors of high power are the main transport in the industry, especially for mining enterprises. Since the total length of conveyors in the mines reaches several kilometres, the inspection of all idlers in harsh conditions is a challenge for maintenance personnel because the jamming of supporting idlers with damaged bearings causes belt overheating and subsequent fire. Conveyor belt breaking is also a serious trouble during continuous operation. In this research, the authors based on preliminary measurements are aiming to show that fault detection in belt conveyor idlers is quite possible to be conducted using a single or multiple small-size IMU (or other type thin sensors) placed directly on the belt or inside it. The information available from the IMU sensor is discussed in this paper. Transient signals are associated with the sensor passing each idler. Some methods for signals processing and possible diagnostic features extraction are presented.
Pile tip bearing capacity in rock masses: analytical and numerical analysis comparison
Authors: Picardo A , Millán M A , Galindo R A , Andrés-Hernandez J L , Santos de Alencar A T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper researches the different approaches to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity at the pile tip embedded in a homogenous rock mass characterized by the modified Hoek and Brown failure criterion. The main objective is to analyze the performance of the novel Discontinuity Layout Optimization method (DLO), which directly calculates the limit load, instead of using a load convergence scheme, being first applied here to the complex problem of piles in rock. The DLO results are validated against the available analytical solution and the Finite Difference Method (FDM) results, for wide range of geometric and geotechnical parameters. Perfect plasticity, plane strain conditions, associated flow rule, the modified Hoek and Brown failure criterion, and weightless rock media are considered in all models. The comparison between solutions is expressed by a percentage difference considering the analytical solution or the numerical solution as a reference. Results relative to DLO and FDM differences against the analytical solutions point towards some limitations of the analytical solution and that the numerical model does not reproduce exactly the analytical solution hypotheses. From the analysis, DLO demonstrates to be a very efficient and accurate tool to address the tip-of-pile bearing capacity, presenting considerable advantages over other methods.
Accumulation of the Crushing Products in Ballast Layer under Cyclic Load
Authors: Kolos A. , Pidal I. M. , Klishch S. , Leus O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Increasing of ballast layer bearing capacity is a widespread problem during the operation and maintenance of a railway track nowadays. It is known that with an increase of the passed tonnage, the ballast layer tends to become contaminated both by the products of its own crushing and by the external weeds which rapidly leads to the strength and operational characteristics degradation of the crushed stone ballast. In this study, an attempt was made to simulate the effect of cyclic load from rolling stock on the ballast layer and to determine the extent of wear of crushed stone ballast of category II in accordance with GOST 7392.