bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further characterization of the glycan-binding specificity of the seed lectin from vatairea macrocarpa and its dependence of pH
Authors: Ramos Marcio V. , Bomfim Liezelotte R. , Cavada Benildo S. , Alencar Nylane M.N. , Grangeiro Thalles B. , Debray Henri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds exhibits a pronounced specificity for glycoproteins possessing Gal/GalNAc residues in their carbohydrate moieties. Determination of the fine sugar specificity of the lectin by affinity chromatography of labelled oligosaccharides and glycopeptides of known structures on the immobilized lectin shows that the lectin precisely recognizes non reducing N acetyllactosamine sequence. This interaction seems to depend of the number of N-acetyllactosamine sequence in each structure and is dependent of pH.
Location of cysteine residues and the biological activities of the fluorescence­ labeled cinnamomin
Authors: Liu Wang-Yi , Xie Liang , Hou Fa-Jian , Wang En-Duo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Cinnamomin is a type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from the seeds of Cinnamomum camphora. It is composed of two glycopeptide chains (A- and B-chain). The A-chain exhibits RNA N­ glycosidase activity, depurinating an adenosine from the largest ribosomal RNA and thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The B-chain is a lectin, recognizing the galactose-containing receptor on the cell surface and facilitating entry of the A-chain into the cell. A total of ten cysteines were titrated with DTNB in the cinnamomin molecule, one in the A-chain and the other in the B-chain. All the ·cysteines existed in the disulfide bond form in cinnamomin, which probably accounted for its high structural stability. On the other hand, the sugar chains of cinnamomin were oxidized with periodate and then fluorescence-labeled with FTSC. Both the RNA N-glycosidase activity of its A-chain and the lectin activity of its B-chain decreased three fold after fluorescence-labeling.
Purification and crystallization of a ferredoxin reductase component of a biphenyl dioxygenase derived from pseudomonas SP. strain KKS102
Authors: Senda Toshiya , Yamada Takahiro , Sakurai Nobuyuki , Nishizaki Tomoko , Masai Eiji , Fukuda Masao , Mitsui Late Yukio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Ferredoxin reducatase component of a biphenyl dioxygenase derived from Pseudomonas sp. strain KK.S102 has been crystallized using sodium formate as the precipitant. The crystal belongs to the space group P6122 (or P6522) with cell parameters of a= b = 99.5 A, c = 175.6 A, and diffracts to 2.5 A resolution.
Pyridine nucleotide-dependent (3-hydroxyacid oxidative decarboxylases: An overview
Authors: Cook Paul F. , Karsten William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The class of pyridine nucleotide-dependent -hydroxyacid oxidative decarboxylases generally catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of a -hydroxyacid to a ketone and CO2 using NAD(Pt as the oxidant. There are two subclasses based on the metalsdependence of the reaction. Enzymes that have substrates with electron­ withdrawing substituents in the a- and or y-position generally do not require a metal ion cofactor, an example is 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Of the remaining enzymes, some require only a divalent metal ion; e.g. malic enzyme, while the others require both a monovalent and a divalent metal ion, for example tartate dehydrogenase.
NAD-Malic Enzyme from Ascaris suum: Sequence and Structural Studies
Authors: Harris Ben G. , Rao G.S. Jagannatha , Coleman David E. , Kulkarni G. , Goldsmith E.J. , Cook Paul F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Ascaris suum malic enzyme belongs to the class of oxidative decarboxylases and converts L-malate to pyruvate utilizing NAD and a divalent metal cofactor. It plays a key role in the energy metabolism of the parasite and hence is a target for chemotherapy. It has been extensively characterized from the standpoint of its kinetic, regulatory and chemical mechanisms. Recent studies involving site specific mutants and the determination of its complete sequence as well as quaternary structure have greatly facilitated elucidation of its catalytic mechanism.
Tartrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme with multiple catalytic activities
Authors: Tipton Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Tartrate dehydrogenase is found in a variety of microorganisms and operates as part of a pathway by which tartrate is converted into D-glycerate, providing entry for the carbon into primary metabolic pathways. Tartrate dehydrogenase was isolated from Pseudomonas putida grown on (+)-tartrate as the sole carbon source and characterized in the 1960's [l]. More recently, TDH was isolated from the same bacterial strain and its gene was cloned [2]. The properties of that enzyme are similar in several respects to the TDH described in the earlier work, but differ in several key features as well. It is difficult to know whether the discrepancies arose because different enzymes were isolated and studied or whether mutations occurred which changed the functional properties of the enzyme. A number of workers have described enzymes which tum over tartrate [3,4], but this article will concentrate on the recently isolated P. putida TDH, which exhibited several fascinating mechanistic features.
Structure and thermostability of 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
Authors: Tanaka Nobuo , Oshima Tairo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The thermostability of 3-isopropylmlate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) is reviewed based on its three dimensional structure. The three dimensional structures of an extreme thermophilic, mesophilic and chimeric enzymes are found to be similar with one another, although they have the same function and different thermostabilities. They are composed of two identical monomers, each of which is comprised of two domains. The open and closed conformation, in each subunit, has been determined from the three­ dimensional structures determined by the X-ray diffraction method. From a comparison of the primary and three-dimensional structures, and site-directed mutagenesis, residues have been identified that contribute to the thermal stability of the IPMDH.
Temporin antibiotic peptides:
A review and derivation of a consensus sequence
Authors: Wade D. , Silveira A. , Silberringb J. , Kuuselac P. , Lankinen H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
The temporins are a group of small, linear, basic, highly hydrophobic, antibiotic, peptide amides that were originally isolated from the skin of the European red frog, Rana temporaria. During the past decade, 30 temporin or temporin-like peptides have been isolated from the skins of Anurans. This article presents a brief review of the temporin literature, an analysis of the amino acid sequences of temporins and temporin-like peptides, and the derivation of a composite or consensus sequence, [FLP(I/L)IASLL(S/G)KLL-am].
Preparation of protected peptides by gel-phase synthesis on butanediol dimethacrylate
cross-linked polystyrene support
Authors: Roice M. , Pillai V. N. Rajasekharan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Preparation of fully protected peptide C-terminal esters in high yield and purity by making use of gel-phase synthesis on chloromethyl butanediol dimethacrylate (BDODMA) crosslinked polystyrene is described. The C-terminal amino acid of the peptide was incorporated by cesium salt method and the step-wise synthesis was carried out using HOBt active ester coupling procedure. The protected peptides were cleaved from the support by trans-esterification. The crude peptides were purified by HPLC and characterized by amino acid analysis, tic and MALDI TOF MS.
Synthesis of [ARG14 17 19 20jdeacetyl-thymosin a1 and its immunological effect on the impaired T­ lymphocytes of uremic patients
Authors: Abiko T. , Nakatsubo S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
A deacetyl-thymosin cx1analogue containing four arginines at positions 14, 17, 19, and 20, instead of
four lysines was synthesized by the manual solid-phase method. The synthetic [Arg14 17 19 20 deacetyl-thymosin
cx1 and deacetyl-thymosin cx1 were tested for the effect on impaired T-lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin in uremic patients suffering from recurrent infectious diseases. The restoring activity on the impaired phytohemagglutinin stimulation of T-lymphocytes was obtained after incubation of peripheral lymphocytes isolated from uremic patients with the synthetic [Arg14•17•19•20] deacetyl-thymosin cx1. This analogue exhibited a far stronger restoring effect than that of our synthetic deacetyl-thymosin ex1.

Abbreviations used: Obzl, benzyl estrer; Bzl, benzyl; Boe, tert-butoxycarbonyl; Mts, mesitylene-2-sulfonyl; DCC, N, N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; HOBT, 1-hydro-xybenzotriazole; DMF, dimethylformamide; Et3N, triethylamine; AcOH, acetic acid; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; TLC, thin-layer chromatography; HPLC, high­ performance liquid chromatography; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; PBS, phosphate­ buffered saline; RPMI, Rosewell Park Memorial Institute; FCS, fetal calf serum; E-rosette, a rosette with sheep erythrocytes.
Isolation and characterization of novel neurotoxins from south american rattlesnake crotalus durissus terrificus: Optimization of chromatographic procedure
Authors: Toyama Marcos Hikari , Leite Gildo B. , Rodrigues-Simioni Lea , Hernandez O.S. Saraguacy , Novello Jose Camillo. , Marangoni Sergio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Molecular exclusion HPLC chromatography on a Protein Pak SW 300 column and reversed phase HPLC on a µ-Bondapack Cl8 column were used to purify four novel neurotoxins (rom the crotoxin complex, and five crotoxin subunits (PLA2 and crotapotin) as well as two crotamine isoforms. A single preparative reversed phase HPLC steps yielded a major basic myotoxin followed by the subunits of crotoxin (three PLA2 isoforms
and two crotapotin isoforms). This modified procedure may be useful for the rapid, large-scale purification of
toxins from Crotalid venoms.
Molecular modeling of kappa opioid receptor-Gi
protein recognition
Authors: Wan Xuhu , Xiao-Qin Huang , De-He Zhou , Hua-Liang Jiang , Ya-Ping Feng , Kai-Xian Chen , Zhi-Qiang Chi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
This work theoretically studied the mechanism involved in recognition of Gi protein and kappa opioid receptor with shape matching method. We used the human kappa opioid receptor model docking with dynorphin A(l- 8)(HKOR_DYN) to mimic the active form of HKOR. The modeling results suggested the cluster formed by A4, AS, AG and 86 in the alpha subunit of Gi protein (Gai) might be the binding core with intercellular solvent face of HKOR and some residues of the intracellular loops play an important role in Gi protein coupling.
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of bnsp-6, a myotoxic phospholipase a2 from bothrops neuwiedi venom
Authors: Fontes Marcos R. M. , Monteiro Luiz E. , Soares Andreimar M. , Rodrigues Veridiana M. , da Silva Reinaldo J. , Giglio Jose R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
BnSP-6 (myot.oxin I) is a phospholipase A2 homologue isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi pauloensis venom. Crystals of BnSP-6 were obtained which diffracted X-rays to 2.5 A resolution using a synchrotron radiation source at room temperature and belong to space group P3121. The unit cell dimensions are a=b=57.7, c=131.1 A. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the coordinates of bothropstoxin I from B. jararacussu venom. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Antibiotic Resistance and Microbiota Response
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Di Domenico Marina , Montagnani Monica , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Use of antibiotics has dramatically eradicated bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, antibiotic overdose and abuse are responsible for the emergence of so-called multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Interaction between antibiotics and gut microbiota:
Gut microbiota deserves many functions in the host, and among them, integrity of epithelial barrier and enhancement of protective immune responses are included. There is evidence that antibiotic treatment decreases the diversity of gut microbiota species, also provoking metabolic changes, increased susceptibility to colonization and decrease of antimicrobial peptide secretion, leading to antibiotic resistance.

Specific aims:
In this review, the major mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance will be illustrated. However, novel findings on the potential use of alternative treatments to overcome antibiotic resistance will be elucidated. In this regard, special emphasis will be placed on microcins, prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics, as well as phage therapy and fecal microbial transplantation.
Application of Microorganisms as Biofactories to Produce Biogenic Nanoparticles
for Environmental Cleanup: Currents Advances and Challenges
Authors: Anani Osikemekha Anthony , Inobeme Abel , Osarenotor Osayomwanbo , Olisaka Frances Ngozi , Aidonojie Paul Atagamen , Olatunji Emmanuel Olusegun , Habib Aishatu Idris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the rate and amount of pollutant discharge into the environment. This is extremely worrisome to the human population, especially as it is envisaged to reach 10 billion in the next 40 years. The traditional methods applied for pollutant abatement and recycling exhibit inefficiency and environmental unfriendliness because they cannot effectively transform these pollutants into non-noxious states. Recently, microorganisms and nano-based materials are emerging as highly efficient and eco-friendly alternatives for managing, reducing, and decontaminating pollutant wastes or effluents in the environment. The biosynthesis of these materials has motivated research into developing cheaper, green, and more sustainable yeast, algae, fungi, and bacteria-biogenic nanoparticles, which could be used to clean up heavily contaminated environments. This review evaluates the application of microorganisms (yeast, algae, fungi, and bacteria) with nanomaterials as biogenic nanoparticles to clean up environmental pollutants. The environmental and health hazards associated with the fate of the biogenic nanoparticles, and some legal regulations, are also highlighted. The commercialization of nanomaterials and their possible global application are also documented. Future recommendations were proffered.
Common Risky Sexual Behaviours Among Men Who Have Sex with Men using A Modified Delphi Technique
Authors: Malefo Matshidiso A. , Mokgatle Mathilda Mpata , Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The objective of this study is to obtain consensus for identifying sexual risk behaviors that are relevant among men who have sex with men (MSM), specifically in the context of Tshwane North, South Africa, in order to guide the development of a risk reduction intervention.

Methods:
The Delphi technique was employed to establish the top ten behaviours that are described as high risk by experts in sexual practices. The setting was a specialised clinic rendering health services to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities. A sample of n=14 MSM participated in the panel interview and they were divided into three groups. The panel rated risky sexual behaviour according to a 10-point scale, with 1–3 signifying low-risk sexual behaviours, 4–6 signifying medium risk and 7–10 signifying high-risk sexual behaviours.

Results:
The mean age was 26.8 years old, with a standard deviation of 4. The initial list prioritised the 10 high-risk sexual behaviours as both receptive and insertive anal sex, having multiple partners, sex with a partner of unknown HIV status, sex with an HIV-positive partner without a condom, group sex, both receptive and insertive oral sex, sex without a condom, sex under the influence of alcohol, performing and receiving rimming, and sharing sex toys.

Conclusion:
The final list ranked the top ten risky sexual behaviours for MSM. It could be of use when counselling MSM during their healthcare visits about risk reduction to mitigate HIV acquisition.
Garcinia mangostana Pericarp Extracts and α-Mangostin in Hair Care :
An Insight into their Potential as Functional Ingredients and the Biological
Properties
Authors: Chew Yik-Ling , Sang Sze-Huey , Akuwoah Gabriel Akyirem , Liew Kai-Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Haircare products with botanical origins and the absence of highly allergenic chemicals,
such as parabens, petrochemicals, and silicones, have been considered more skin-friendly and ecofriendly
to the environment. Recently, there has been a growing demand for these natural hair care
products. Besides the perceived health benefits, many users also believe these botanical origin ingredients
are generally milder, non-toxic, natural, and less likely to disrupt the hair and scalp's natural
pH and oil balance. Garcinia mangostana has been known for centuries in traditional Asian medicine.
α-Mangostin is the major xanthone present in G. mangostana. It exists abundantly in the fruit
pericarp. Numerous activities have been reported on this plant and α-mangostin in hair care and
scalp maintenance. Our review is the first to highlight the potential of G. mangostana pericarp and
α-mangostin and the activities emphasized in hair care. This review thoroughly discussed five essential
activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hair rejuvenation (hair growth), and
tanning.
PSGWO: An Energy-efficient Framework in IoT Based on Swarm
Intelligence
Authors: Simran  , Singh Yashwant , Rana Bharti 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Internet-of-things (IoT) has been developed for use in a variety of fields in recent years. The IoT network is embedded with numerous sensors that can sense data directly from the environment. The network's sensing components function as sources, observing environmental occurrences and sending important data to the appropriate data centers. When the sensors detect the stated development, they send the data to a central station. On the other hand, sensors have limited processing, energy, transmission, and memory capacities, which might have a detrimental influence on the system.

Objectives:
We have suggested an energy-efficient framework based on Swarm Intelligence in IoT. The idea behind using Swarm Intelligence is the probabilistic-based global search phenomena that suit well for IoT networks because of the randomization of nodes. Our framework considers the prominent metaheuristic concepts responsible for the overall performance of the IoT network. Our current research is based on lowering sensor energy consumption in IoT networks, resulting in a longer network lifetime.

Methods:
This study selects the most appropriate potential node in the IoT network to make it energy-efficient. It suggests a technique combining PSO's exploitation capabilities with the GWO's exploration capabilities to avoid local minima problems and convergence issues. The proposed method PSGWO is compared with the traditional PSO, GWO, Hybrid WSO-SA, and HABC-MBOA algorithms based on several performance metrics in our research study.

Results:
The results of our tests reveal that this hybrid strategy beats all other ways tested, and the energy consumption rate of the proposed framework is decreased by 23.8% in the case of PSO, 20.2% in the case of GWO, 31.5% in the case of hybrid WSO-SA, and 29.6% in the case of HABC-MBOA, respectively.

Conclusion:
In this study, several performance parameters, including energy consumption, network lifetime, live nodes, temperature, and throughput, are taken into account to choose the best potential node for the IoT network. Using various simulations, the performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated and compared to the metaheuristic techniques. Moreover, PSGWO is found to be improved, and the energy consumption rate is decreased.
Novel Glucose Biosensor Based on Citrullus Colocynthis and Urtica Dioica
Authors: Mahheidari Naimeh , Rashidiani Jamal , Akbariqomi Mostafa , Eskandari Khadijeh , Banaei Aghdas 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Determination of glucose is crucial in chemical, biological, and clinical samples, food processing, and fermentation. Despite 50 years of reports on biosensor technology development, it is still important to research new glucose biosensors.

Objective:
The main purpose of this study is to design and build a simple and effective glucose bio-sensor based on Citrullus colocynthis and Urtica dioica.

Methods:
In this study, the carbon paste electrodes of Citrullus colocynthis and Urtica dioica were prepared and connected to the LCR meter by copper wire, and then the glucose was injected into solution in various concentrations, and capacitance changes were recorded in the LCR meter pro-portional to concentration changes of glucose in electrode surface. Also, glucose was detected by other methods such as impedance, optical density reader, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Results:
Biosensors with electrodes modified with Citrullus colocynthis and Urtica dioica respond-ed rapidly and with glucose sensitivity in the linear concentration range of 1.2-11.2 μg / ml and 2.5-15 μg / ml, respectively.

Conclusions:
Citrullus colocynthis and Urtica dioica are good candidates for glucose detection as plant tissue. Also, producing and purifying plant extracts makes it possible to miniaturize the glu-cose biosensor with greater sensitivity.
From Civic Space to the Internet: Legislating rights to peaceful assembly during pandemic
Authors: Mohd Saufi Nadia Nabila , Kamaruddin Saslina , Wan Rosli Wan Rosalili , Mohamad Ani Munirah , Ahmad Nadzriah 
Published: December 2022

With the social distancing measures implemented during Pandemic Covid 19, many peaceful assemblies have attempted to restructure, equip, and empower themselves creatively for online gathering. This incident emphasises the importance of digital tools, such as the Internet and ICTs, in exercising online rights to peaceful assembly and association. Given the above, this article attempts to deliberate on transforming rights to the peaceful assembly from offline to online and the legal challenges attached. The authors argue that the right to peaceful assembly and association is vital to ensuring enhanced transparency and accountability in implementing human rightsÂ policies within countries.